bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Nietzsche de Habermas: uma breve consideração acerca do quarto capítulo de “O discurso filosófico da modernidade”
Authors: Lima Márcio José S.
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade analisar o pensamento de Friedrich Nietzsche como ponto de inflexão na entrada da pós-modernidade segundo a análise apresentada por Jürgen Habermas no quarto capítulo de sua obra “O discurso filosófico da modernidade”. De acordo com o texto, Habermas discute os aspectos estruturantes do pensamento moderno colocando a filosofia nietzschiana como uma espécie de ruptura entre o moderno e o pós-moderno, mostrando sua crítica à modernidade e suas relações com o romantismo alemão. Neste contexto, tentaremos tecer considerações sobre o conceito de arte na filosofia de Nietzsche e evidenciar sua participação nos desdobramentos da filosofia contemporânea.
Sobre a biopolítica de Giorgio Agamben: entre Foucault e Arendt
Authors: Valerio Raphael Guazzelli
Published: August 2018

Pretendemos dar uma breve contribuição para a compreensão do conceito de biopolítica na obra do filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, mais precisamente em seu trabalho de 1995, inaugurador da série Homo Sacer, cujo título leva o mesmo nome: Homo Sacer: O Poder Soberano e a Vida Nua. Valendo-se do pensamento de Michel Foucault e Hannah Arendt de um lado, e Walter Benjamin e Carl Schmitt de outro, Agamben faz recuar o conceito de biopolítica às fundações da política ocidental. Importa, para o filósofo, mostrar como estrutura, lógica e topologia de funcionamento a biopolítica anima as relações políticas desde seu fundamento e que a modernidade foi capaz de revelar, transformando radicalmente os espaços políticos contemporâneos.
Expressão e significação: influxos e dissidências acerca da teoria da significação nas investigações lógicas de Edmund Husserl
Authors: Sanchez Devair Gonçalves
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo pretende deslindar o cenário teórico da primeira investigação de Logische Untersuchungen (1901), refazendo o percurso de Husserl na fundamentação da teoria da significação. Obstina-se, ainda, apontar os elementos fulcrais que possibilitarão a fundamentação da fenomenologia, bem como os embates de Husserl com alguns eminentes pensadores da tradição lógica.
Educação, adaptação e emancipação: entre Dewey e Adorno
Authors: Colla Karina de Matos Nunes , Filho Lauro de Matos Nunes
Published: August 2018

Este artigo busca aliar as leituras de Adorno e Dewey acerca do papel da educação frente o fenômeno da alienação social, focando principalmente a experiência dentro do processo de emancipação. Ao final, busca-se identificar os ideais de coletividade e compromisso como premissas falsas dos processos educacionais.
“Lugar incomum”: a disposição gratuita para satisfazer o tirano
Authors: Sousa Gláucia Carvalho de
Published: August 2018

Este artigo pretende analisar e entender os mecanismos envolvidos na servidão voluntária uma vez que essa disposição dos seres humanos em servir de modo gratuito faz com que não só se afastem do estado de natureza, de sua liberdade, mas também tolerem pacientemente os maus zelos tirânicos sendo assim, a partir de que surge tal voluntarismo servil e por que ele acontece de forma fácil? Serão os costumes que encaminham os homens a servir? Ou ainda, a servidão voluntária é resultado de um acaso, o “mau encontro”? Ao mesmo tempo temos os admiradores do tirano, que visando exercerem a opressão ou ainda, visando tomarem o poder do seu senhor, fomentam no cotidiano humano a servidão gratuita. Iremos apresentar cada um destes momentos para que possamos chegar a um entendimento sobre a servidão voluntária nos baseando na obra de Étienne de La Boétie “O Discurso da Servidão Voluntária”.
Merleau-Ponty, Foucault e a violência na URSS
Authors: Zanfra Beatriz Viana de Araujo
Published: August 2018

Michel Foucault (1926-1984), no curso Em defesa da sociedade (1976), explica a relação entre o biopoder e o racismo. Dentre as modalidades de racismo praticadas desde o século XIX, Foucault inclui o socialismo, sendo que neste há um racismo de tipo evolucionista, biológico, que funciona plenamente em relação aos doentes mentais, aos criminosos, aos adversários políticos etc., que foi necessário sempre que o socialismo teve de insistir no problema da luta contra o inimigo e da eliminação do adversário no interior da sociedade capitalista, e apareceu porque foi a única maneira, nesse caso, de pensar uma razão para matar o adversário. Por outro lado, Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) publicou, em 1947, o livro Humanismo e Terror, no qual invoca o problema da violência praticada pela União Soviética (URSS), pondo em evidência a teoria e a prática da violência pelo regime comunista. Para Merleau-Ponty, quando se vive numa época em que a base tradicional de uma sociedade se destrói e o homem deve reconstruí-la e reconstruir também as relações humanas, a liberdade de cada um desaparece e a violência aparece. Isso seria como foi o princípio do comunismo, com Lênin. O que Merleau-Ponty questiona é se a violência praticada em 1947 pelo mesmo regime tem o mesmo sentido que tinha no leninismo. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se há e quais são os pontos de toque entre a visão foucaultiana do racismo de Estado praticado pela URSS e a violência revolucionária identificada por Merleau-Ponty na mesma URSS.
Sartre e a tese da transcendência do ego
Authors: Belo Renato dos Santos
Published: August 2018

Em A transcendência do Ego, primeiro ensaio filosófico de Sartre, recusa-se a presença do Ego na consciência. Apropriando-se da fenomenologia de Husserl, Sartre critica as posições filosóficas e psicológicas que transformaram o Ego num habitante da consciência. O presente artigo se propõe a examinar a tese de Sartre e delinear o alcance de suas considerações para a psicologia e para a filosofia. Trata-se de momento importante da trajetória de Sartre porque nele podemos identificar as primeiras preocupações do filósofo, assim como compreender o alcance da fenomenologia em obras posteriores.
Espacialidade e existência: a motricidade em sua significação fenomênica
Authors: Siviero José Marcelo
Published: August 2018

Analisando as discussões conduzidas por Merleau-Ponty sobre a espacialidade e a motricidade do corpo próprio na Fenomenologia da Percepção, o objetivo deste artigo é circunscrever as principais consequências filosóficas da articulação da espacialidade com a existência. Desvelando um viés expressivo e uma temporalidade, o exame da motricidade num sujeito doente permite identificar uma ausência que o normal não possui, ou seja, uma experiência fragmentada que caracteriza a doença e os distúrbios motores. É daí que deriva a ideia dum arco intencional, que nada mais é do que um meio de articulação significativa entre os variados setores da experiência.
A pedagogia de Paulo Freire e seus horizontes indicativos para uma dialogicidade igualitária e personalista
Authors: Chagas Antonio Marcos , Rocha Antonio Glauton Varela
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo busca apresentar a perspectiva educativa de Paulo Freire a partir da relação com o personalismo de Emmanuel Mounier. O ponto de destaque em tal relação é a visão da construção de uma educação pautada na autonomia e na abertura à comunidade, uma educação não meramente técnica, mas que seja capaz de preparar o ser humano para o fazer e para o ser. Esta educação, segundo Paulo Freire, não pode esquecer a importância do Protagonismo do educando no processo educativo, deve ser fundamentada no diálogo e sempre aberta a refletir a vida concreta que se manifesta no ambiente onde o processo educativo está se desenvolvendo.
AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NE KATILIMI: SAATLER İLERİYE Mİ YOKSA GERİYE Mİ İŞLİYOR?
Authors: ALYANAK Servet
Published: August 2018

Bu makale, Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı’nın (ABAD) Avrupa Birliği’nin

(AB) Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’ne (AİHS) katılımıyla ilgili Taslak

Anlaşma’ya ilişkin 18 Aralık 2014 tarihinde verdiği görüşün etkilerini

incelemektedir. 47 üye devleti olan Avrupa Konseyi ile AB temsilcilerinin

müzakere heyeti AB’nin AİHS’ye katılımıyla ilgili Taslak Anlaşma metni üzerinde

5 Nisan 2013 tarihinde mutabık kalmışlardır. 4 Temmuz 2013 tarihinde AB

Komisyonu Avrupa Birliği’nin İşleyişi Hakkındaki Antlaşma’nın (ABİHA) 218(11)

maddesi uyarınca Taslak Anlaşma’nın AB Antlaşması ile ABİHA’yla uyumlu olup

olmadığına dair görüş talebinde bulunmuştur. 

18 Aralık 2014 tarihinde ABAD Taslak Anlaşma’nın AB hukukuna uygun

olmadığını belirten, zorlu şartlar ileri süren ve aşağıdaki çalışmada

irdelendiği üzere söz konusu katılımın gelecekte oldukça zor bir konu olduğunu

ortaya koyan nedenler ileri sürmüştür. Uzun bir süredir AB’nin insan haklarının

korunmasıyla ilgili dağınık yetkileri ile AB üye devletlerinin tümünün AİHS’ye

taraf olması ve fakat AB’nin AİHS’ye taraf olmamasıyla ilgili çelişki sürekli

tartışma konusu olmuştur. Bu makale, ABAD’ın AB’nin AİHS’ye katılımıyla ilgili

verdiği 2/13 sayılı görüşü; özellikle akademik camiada AB’nin AİHS’ye

katılımına ilişkin bilimsel tartışmaları, bu konudaki ABAD içtihadını ve Lizbon

Antlaşması’nın getirdiği değişiklikler yönünden çeşitli bağlamlarda ele

almaktadır. 
CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI SİSTEMİNDE SİYASİ DENETİM: İDARENİN TBMM TARAFINDAN DENETLENMESİ
Authors: AKÇAY Erkan
Published: August 2018

Yönetim

sistemleri, ülkelerdeki yasama, yürütme ve yargı erkleri arasındaki güç

dengesini ve bu erklerin kendi içerisindeki güç yoğunlaşmasının çerçevesini

çizer. Yönetim sistemi arayışı ülkelerin siyasi birikimleri, toplumsal kültürü

ve idari ihtiyaçları neticesinde bir sonuca ulaşır.

Türkiye,

16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde gerçekleştirilen referandum ile Cumhurbaşkanlığı

Sistemine geçiş yapmıştır. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sistemine geçiş yönetimde çift

başlılık, yetki-sorumluluk dengesi, denge-denetim mekanizmaları ve güçler

ayrılığı gibi ihtiyaçlardan hasıl olmuştur. Yeni sistem idarenin ve yürütmenin

denetimi üzerine inşa edilmiştir. İdarenin denetiminin en önemli unsuru TBMM

denetimidir. TBMM denetim vizyonu ve misyonuyla Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sisteminin

anahtar unsurlarından birisidir.
KAMU İDARELERİNDE ETİK YÖNETİM ALTYAPISI VE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: UZUN Yaşar
Published: August 2018

Etik
değer ve ilkelere dayalı kamu yönetimi oluşturma gayretleri küresel düzeyde
giderek artmaktadır. Kamu yönetimini oluşturan kamu idarelerinin etik yönetim
gerekliliklerinin farkında olmaları ve bu gereklilikleri karşılamaları,  “kamu yararını” ve “kamu itibarını” korumada
temel bir zorunluluktur. Kamu idarelerinde etik yönetim altyapısının
oluşturulmasında başarıya ulaşılması, bu altyapının düzenli olarak gözden
geçirilmesine bağlıdır. Kamu idarelerinde etik yönetim altyapısının
değerlendirilmesinde rol sahibi aktörlerin “etiği” düzenli şekilde gündemlerine
alarak çalışmalarını şekillendirmeleri, kamu idaresinde ve dolayısıyla kamu
yönetiminde etik kültürün gelişmesine artı değer katacak ve etik yönetim
anlayışının nasıl olması gerektiği konusunda ortak bilinci artıracaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, etik yönetim altyapı
gereklilikleri ve bu altyapının değerlendirilmesinin kimler tarafından ve nasıl
yapılabileceği üzerinde durarak söz konusu değerlendirme ihtiyacı hakkında
farkındalığı geliştirmektir.
KAMU DENETÇİLİĞİ (OMBUDSMANLIK) KURUMUNA YAPILAN BAŞVURULARIN DAVA AÇMA SÜRELERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: Uz Bilge
Published: August 2018

Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumuna başvuru yapılması, başvuruya konu edilen idari işleme karşı dava

açma süresini durdurmaktadır. Başvuru üzerine durmuş olan dava açma süresinin yeniden işlemeye

başlamasına ilişkin olarak ise mevzuatımızda detaylı düzenlemeler

getirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumuna yapılan başvuru

üzerine durmuş olan idari yargıdaki dava açma sürelerinin yeniden işlemeye

başlamasına dair ilgili mevzuat hükümleri ve yabancı ülke uygulamaları

kapsamında bazı değerlendirmeler sunulmaktadır.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Banana in Response to Phosphorus Starvation Stress
Authors: Xiong Rui , Tang Hua , Xu Min , Zeng Can-Bin , Peng Yun , He Rui , Yan Zhen , Qi Zhao , Cheng Yu
Published: August 2018

Bananas are an important part of the diets of millions of people around the globe. Low P absorption and use efficiency significantly restrict banana yields. To further explore the molecular mechanisms of P regulation in banana plants, we used RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis for banana plants subjected to Pi deficit stress for 60 days. We detected 1900 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in aboveground plant parts and 7398 DEGs in root parts under low P stress. Gene ontology (GO) classification analysis showed that 156,291 GO terms belonging to molecular functions, 53,114 GO terms belonging to cellular components, and 228,544 GO terms belonging to biological processes were enriched in the aboveground and root components. A number of DEGs involved in energy metabolism-related processes, signal transduction, control of rhizosphere P activation, and Pi mobilization were found, which were confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. At the transcriptomic level, we detected 13 DEGs from different organs and with different functions in the time-course response to phosphorus deficiency stress. These DEGs may include some key genes that regulate the phosphorus network, increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanism of Pi homeostasis in banana. These findings will also help develop biotechnologies to create a variant of banana with more effective Pi absorption and utilization.
Spontaneous Learning of Visual Structures in Domestic Chicks
Authors: Rosa-Salva Orsola , Fiser József , Versace Elisabetta , Dolci Carola , Chehaimi Sarah , Santolin Chiara , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: August 2018

Effective communication crucially depends on the ability to produce and recognize structured signals, as apparent in language and birdsong. Although it is not clear to what extent similar syntactic-like abilities can be identified in other animals, recently we reported that domestic chicks can learn abstract visual patterns and the statistical structure defined by a temporal sequence of visual shapes. However, little is known about chicks’ ability to process spatial/positional information from visual configurations. Here, we used filial imprinting as an unsupervised learning mechanism to study spontaneous encoding of the structure of a configuration of different shapes. After being exposed to a triplet of shapes (ABC or CAB), chicks could discriminate those triplets from a permutation of the same shapes in different order (CAB or ABC), revealing a sensitivity to the spatial arrangement of the elements. When tested with a fragment taken from the imprinting triplet that followed the familiar adjacency-relationships (AB or BC) vs. one in which the shapes maintained their position with respect to the stimulus edges (AC), chicks revealed a preference for the configuration with familiar edge elements, showing an edge bias previously found only with temporal sequences.
Affect-Driven Attention Biases as Animal Welfare Indicators: Review and Methods
Authors: Crump Andrew , Arnott Gareth , Bethell Emily J.
Published: August 2018

Attention bias describes the differential allocation of attention towards one stimulus compared to others. In humans, this bias can be mediated by the observer’s affective state and is implicated in the onset and maintenance of affective disorders such as anxiety. Affect-driven attention biases (ADABs) have also been identified in a few other species. Here, we review the literature on ADABs in animals and discuss their utility as welfare indicators. Despite a limited research effort, several studies have found that negative affective states modulate attention to negative (i.e., threatening) cues. ADABs influenced by positive-valence states have also been documented in animals. We discuss methods for measuring ADAB and conclude that looking time, dot-probe, and emotional spatial cueing paradigms are particularly promising. Research is needed to test them with a wider range of species, investigate attentional scope as an indicator of affect, and explore the possible causative role of attention biases in determining animal wellbeing. Finally, we argue that ADABs might not be best-utilized as indicators of general valence, but instead to reveal specific emotions, motivations, aversions, and preferences. Paying attention to the human literature could facilitate these advances.
Fast and Secure Implementation of Modular Exponentiation for Mitigating Fine-Grained Cache Attacks
Authors: Shin Youngjoo
Published: August 2018

Constant-time technique is of crucial importance to prevent secrets of cryptographic algorithms from leakage by cache attacks. In this paper, we propose Permute-Scatter-Gather, a novel constant-time method for the modular exponentiation that is used in the RSA cryptosystem. On the basis of the scatter-gather design, our method utilizes pseudo-random permutation to obfuscate memory access patterns. Based on this strategy, the resistance against fine-grained cache attacks is ensured, i.e., providing the higher level of security than the existing scatter-gather implementations. Evaluation shows that our method outperforms the OpenSSL library at most 11% in the mainstream Intel processors.
Optimization of AZ91D Process and Corrosion Resistance Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Han Seungkyu , Zielewski Matthew , Martinez Holguin David , Michel Parra Monica , Kim Namsoo
Published: August 2018

Progress on Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques focusing on ceramics and polymers evolves, as metals continue to be a challenging material to manipulate when fabricating products. Current methods, such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), face many intrinsic limitations due to the nature of their processes. Material selection, elevated cost, and low deposition rates are some of the barriers to consider when one of these methods is to be used for the fabrication of engineering products. The research presented demonstrates the use of a Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) system for the creation of metallic specimens. This project explored the feasibility of fabricating elements made from magnesium alloys with the potential to be used in biomedical applications. It is known that the elastic modulus of magnesium closely approximates that of natural bone than other metals. Thus, stress shielding phenomena can be reduced. Furthermore, the decomposition of magnesium shows no harm inside the human body since it is an essential element in the body and its decomposition products can be easily excreted through the urine. By alloying magnesium with aluminum and zinc, or rare earths such as yttrium, neodymium, cerium, and dysprosium, the structural integrity of specimens inside the human body can be assured. However, the in vivo corrosion rates of these products can be accelerated by the presence of impurities, voids, or segregation created during the manufacturing process. Fast corrosion rates would produce improper healing, which, in turn, involve subsequent surgical intervention. However, in this study, it has been proven that magnesium alloy AZ91D produced by WAAM has higher corrosion resistance than the cast AZ91D. Due to its structure, which has porosity or cracking only at the surface of the individual printed lines, the central sections present a void-less structure composed by an HCP magnesium matrix and a high density of well dispersed aluminum-zinc rich precipitates. Also, specimens created under different conditions have been analyzed in the macroscale and microscale to determine the parameters that yield the best visual and microstructural results.
Battery State Estimation for Lead-Acid Batteries under Float Charge Conditions by Impedance: Benchmark of Common Detection Methods
Authors: Badeda Julia , Kwiecien Monika , Schulte Dominik , Sauer Dirk Uwe
Published: August 2018

Impedance or admittance measurements are a common indicator for the condition of lead-acid batteries in field applications such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. However, several commercially available measurement units use different techniques to measure and interpret the battery impedance. This paper describes common measurement methods and compares their indication for the state of health (SoH) to those of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For this analysis, two strings consisting each of 24 valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries with a rated voltage of 12 V and about 7 Ah capacity were kept under standard UPS conditions in float charge for over 560 days. They were monitored continuously with a LEM Sentinel 2 and went into regular check-ups with impedance measurements by a Hioki BT3554 as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements with an impedance meter (μEIS). Today it is widely expected that solely the relative increase of the impedance reading is sufficient for the estimation of the available capacity. However, it can be shown that the measured relative increase deviates for different frequencies and therefore the choice of the excitation signal and measurement frequency does make a difference for the calculation of the available capacity. Finally, a method for a more decisive monitoring in field applications is suggested.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Accuracy in Mimicking Changes in Blood Hemodynamics in Patients with Acute Type IIIb Aortic Dissection Treated with TEVAR
Authors: Polanczyk Andrzej , Piechota-Polanczyk Aleksandra , Domenig Christoph , Nanobachvili Josif , Huk Ihor , Neumayer Christoph
Published: August 2018

Background: We aimed to verify the accuracy of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) algorithm for blood flow reconstruction for type IIIb aortic dissection (TBAD) before and after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Methods: We made 3D models of the aorta and its branches using pre- and post-operative CT data from five patients treated for TBAD. The CFD technique was used to quantify the displacement forces acting on the aortic wall in the areas of endograft, mass flow rate/velocity and wall shear stress (WSS). Calculated results were verified with ultrasonography (USG-Doppler) data. Results: CFD results indicated that the TEVAR procedure caused a 7-fold improvement in overall blood flow through the aorta (p = 0.0001), which is in line with USG-Doppler data. A comparison of CFD results and USG-Doppler data indicated no significant change in blood flow through the analysed arteries. CFD also showed a significant increase in flow rate for thoracic trunk and renal arteries, which was in accordance with USG-Doppler data (accuracy 90% and 99.9%). Moreover, we observed a significant decrease in WSS values within the whole aorta after TEVAR compared to pre-TEVAR (1.34 ± 0.20 Pa vs. 3.80 ± 0.59 Pa, respectively, p = 0.0001). This decrease was shown by a significant reduction in WSS and WSS contours in the thoracic aorta (from 3.10 ± 0.27 Pa to 1.34 ± 0.11Pa, p = 0.043) and renal arteries (from 4.40 ± 0.25 Pa to 1.50 ± 0.22 Pa p = 0.043). Conclusions: Post-operative remodelling of the aorta after TEVAR for TBAD improved hemodynamic patterns reflected by flow, velocity and WSS with an accuracy of 99%.
Coupled Vibration Analysis of Submerged Floating Tunnel System in Wave and Current
Authors: Chen Zhengyang , Xiang Yiqiang , Lin Heng , Yang Ying
Published: August 2018

Submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is an innovative underwater structure for crossing long straits, which withstands the effects of water wave and current throughout its lifecycle. This paper proposes a theoretical approach to investigate the nonlinear dynamic response of the SFT tube-cable system under combined parametric excitation and hydrodynamic forcing excitations (i.e., wave and vortex-induced loading). Firstly, the governing equations of the SFT system considering the coupled degrees of freedom in the tube and cable are established based on the Hamilton principle and are solved numerically. Then, several representative cases are analyzed to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the SFT. Finally, some key parameters are discussed, such as the wave and current conditions and the structural parameters. The results show that when the flow velocity reaches a certain value, the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of the anchor-cables will excite a strong resonance in the structure. The displacement amplitude of the SFT increases with the increase of the wave height. Gravity-buoyance ratio (GBR) of the tube and the inclined mooring angle (IMA) of the cables jointly determine the natural vibration frequency of the SFT. The influence of the wave force on the tube is limited when the installation depth of SFT is more than 40 m.
Modeling and Control of a 600 kW Closed Hydraulic Wind Turbine with an Energy Storage System
Authors: Wei Liejiang , Liu Zengguang , Zhao Yuyang , Wang Gang , Tao Yanhua
Published: August 2018

In this paper, an innovative closed hydraulic wind turbine with an energy storage system is proposed. The hydraulic wind turbine consists of the wind rotor, the variable pump, the hydraulic bladder accumulator, the variable motor, and the synchronous generator. The wind energy captured by the wind rotor is converted into hydraulic energy by the variable pump, and then the hydraulic energy is transformed into electrical energy by the variable motor and generator. In order to overcome the fluctuation and intermittence shortcomings of wind power, the hydraulic bladder accumulator is used as an energy storage system in this system to store and release hydraulic energy. A double-loop speed control scheme is presented to allow the wind rotor to operate at optimal aerodynamic performance for different wind speeds and hold the motor speed at the synchronous speed to product constant frequency electrical power regardless of the changes of wind speed and load power. The parameter design and modeling of 600 kW hydraulic wind turbine are accomplished according to the Micon 600 kW wind turbine. Ultimately, time-domain simulations are completed to analyze the dynamic response of the hydraulic wind turbine under the step change conditions of wind speed, rotor speed input, and load power. The simulation results validate the efficiency of the hydraulic wind turbine and speed control scheme presented, moreover, they also show that the systems can achieve the automatic matching among turbine energy, accumulator energy, and generator output energy.
Ultrasonic Guided Wave-Based Circumferential Scanning of Plates Using a Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Tang Zhifeng , Yang Keji , Wu Shiwei , Lv Fuzai
Published: August 2018

Tanks are essential facilities for oil and chemical storage and transportation. As indispensable parts, the tank floors have stringent nondestructive testing requirements owing to their severe operating conditions. In this article, a synthetic aperture focusing technology method is proposed for the circumferential scanning of the tank floor from the edge outside the tank using ultrasonic guided waves. The zeroth shear horizontal (SH0) mode is selected as an ideal candidate for plate inspection, and the magnetostrictive sandwich transducer (MST) is designed and manufactured for the generation and receiving of the SH0 mode. Based on the exploding reflector model (ERM), the relationships between guided wave fields at different radii of polar coordinates are derived in the frequency domain. The defect spot is focused when the sound field is calculated at the radius of the defect. Numerical and experimental validations are performed for the defect inspection in an iron plate. The angular bandwidth of the defect spot is used as an index for the angular resolution. The results of the proposed method show significant improvement compared to those obtained by the B-scan method, and it is found to be superior to the conventional method—named delay and sum (DAS)—in both angular resolution and calculation efficiency.
Improving Stability Prediction in Peripheral Milling of Al7075T6
Authors: Olvera Daniel , Urbikain Gorka , Elías-Zuñiga Alex , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto
Published: August 2018

Chatter is an old enemy to machinists but, even today, is far from being defeated. Current requirements around aerospace components call for stronger and thinner workpieces which are more prone to vibrations. This study presents the stability analysis for a single degree of freedom down-milling operation in a thin-walled workpiece. The stability charts were computed by means of the enhanced multistage homotopy perturbation (EMHP) method, which includes the helix angle but also, most importantly, the runout and cutting speed effects. Our experimental validation shows the importance of this kind of analysis through a comparison with a common analysis without them, especially when machining aluminum alloys. The proposed analysis demands more computation time, since it includes the calculation of cutting forces for each combination of axial depth of cut and spindle speed. This EMHP algorithm is compared with the semi-discretization, Chebyshev collocation, and full-discretization methods in terms of convergence and computation efficiency, and ultimately proves to be the most efficient method among the ones studied.
Quantitative Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Microscopy of Traditional and Soft Condensed Matter
Authors: Card Adam , Mokim Mohammad , Ganikhanov Feruz
Published: August 2018

We demonstrate and analyze a series of experiments in traditional and soft condensed matter using coherent optical spectroscopy and microscopy with ultrafast time resolution. We show the capabilities of resolving both real and imaginary parts of the third-order nonlinearity in the vicinity of Raman resonances from a medium probed within microscopic volumes with an equivalent spectral resolution of better than 0.1 cm−1. We can differentiate between vibrations of various types within unit cells of crystals, as well as perform targeted probes of areas within biological tissue. Vibrations within the TiO6 octahedron and the ones for the Ti-O-P intergroup were studied in potassium titanyl phosphate crystal to reveal a multiline structure within targeted phonon modes with closely spaced vibrations having distinctly different damping rates (~0.5 ps−1 versus ~1.1 ps−1). We also detected a 1.7–2.6 ps−1 decay of C-C stretching vibrations in fat tissue and compared that with the corresponding vibration in oil.
Reading Deficits in Intellectual Disability Are still an Open Question: A Narrative Review
Authors: Di Blasi Francesco Domenico , Buono Serafino , Città Santina , Costanzo Angela Antonia , Zoccolotti Pierluigi
Published: August 2018

Background. In children with intellectual disability (ID), the acquisition of reading skills constitutes a basic step towards the possibility of independent living, social inclusion and participation. Methods. We carried out a narrative review of the literature on reading fluency and accuracy of individuals with ID resulting from different genetic syndromes (Fragile X, Williams, Velocardiofacial, Prader-Willi, and Down syndrome). Our aim was to define their reading profiles in light of the dual-route reading model. For this purpose, studies that examined both word and non-word reading in children with ID were included in the analysis. Results. Seventeen studies emerged based on the selection criteria. The results were different depending on the control group used. A deficit in reading non-words emerged in studies that used the reading-level match design but not when standardized scores were used, when controls were age-matched or when a mental age matching was used. Thus, a deficit in reading non-words emerged only in studies that used the reading-level match design. However, severe methodological criticisms were recently raised about the use of this matching design. Conclusions. In view of the methodological problems in using grade equivalents, it is premature to draw definite conclusions about the reading profile of children with ID resulting from different genetic syndromes. In any case, the reviewed evidence provides little support for the idea that children with ID have selective difficulty in phonological reading. Thus, the reading profile of children with ID remains an open question that needs to be investigated by means of methodologically sound research.
Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Neuroprotective Peptide Therapies: A Case for Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs)
Authors: Edwards Adam B. , Anderton Ryan S. , Knuckey Neville W. , Meloni Bruno P.
Published: August 2018

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates, with survivors suffering significant neurological sequelae including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. While hypothermia is used clinically to reduce neurological injury following HIE, it is only used for term infants (>36 weeks gestation) in tertiary hospitals and improves outcomes in only 30% of patients. For these reasons, a more effective and easily administrable pharmacological therapeutic agent, that can be used in combination with hypothermia or alone when hypothermia cannot be applied, is urgently needed to treat pre-term (≤36 weeks gestation) and term infants suffering HIE. Several recent studies have demonstrated that cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs), which include many cell-penetrating peptides [CPPs; e.g., transactivator of transcription (TAT) and poly-arginine-9 (R9; 9-mer of arginine)], possess intrinsic neuroprotective properties. For example, we have demonstrated that poly-arginine-18 (R18; 18-mer of arginine) and its D-enantiomer (R18D) are neuroprotective in vitro following neuronal excitotoxicity, and in vivo following perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In this paper, we review studies that have used CARPs and other peptides, including putative neuroprotective peptides fused to TAT, in animal models of perinatal HIE. We critically evaluate the evidence that supports our hypothesis that CARP neuroprotection is mediated by peptide arginine content and positive charge and that CARPs represent a novel potential therapeutic for HIE.
Interaction of Physical Activity and Personality in the Subjective Wellbeing of Older Adults in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom
Authors: Chan Bill Cheuk Long , Luciano Michelle , Lee Billy
Published: August 2018

Subjective wellbeing (SWB) has been widely accepted as one of the most important elements of successful ageing. The present study explores the impact of two well-established correlates of SWB: physical activity and personality. Physical activity and each of the Big Five personality traits are consistent predictors of SWB, but there has been little research on whether certain personality traits enhance or hinder the psychological benefits of physical activity in older adults. This study examines the interactions of leisure-time physical activity and personality traits on SWB, and whether such interactions vary between older adults in Hong Kong (HK) and older adults in the United Kingdom (UK). Altogether, 349 participants (178 HK, 171 UK; 157 males, 192 female) aged 50 years or above (mean age = 61.84 ± 8.46 years old) completed an online assessment of: (1) leisure-time physical activity (Godin–Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire); (2) personality traits (Big Five Inventory); and (3) SWB (Satisfaction with Life Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Results showed that agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, and physical activity were all significantly related to SWB in the expected direction. The relationship between physical activity and SWB was moderated by extraversion and by openness to experience: higher levels of these two traits significantly enhanced the relationship. None of the interactions varied between the HK and UK samples. The expected negative relationship between neuroticism and SWB, however, was significantly stronger in the UK sample than in the HK sample. The findings of the present study indicate that personality needs to be considered when promoting and providing physical activity for older adults, although more research is needed to further explore how this can work effectively.
Investigation of Earth-Abundant Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for the Cathode of Passive Air-Breathing Direct Formate Fuel Cells
Authors: E. R. Oliveira Francisca , A. Galiote Nelson , H. B. Lima Fabio
Published: August 2018

The development of direct formate fuel cells encounters important obstacles related to the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and low tolerance to formate ions in Pt-based cathodes. In this study, electrocatalysts formed by earth-abundant elements were synthesized, and their activity and selectivity for the ORR were tested in alkaline electrolyte. The results showed that carbon-encapsulated iron-cobalt alloy nanoparticles and carbon-supported metal nitrides, characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), do not present significant activity for the ORR, showing the same half-wave potential of Vulcan carbon. Contrarily, nitrogen-doped carbon, synthesized using imidazole as the nitrogen source, showed an increase in the half-wave potential, evidencing an influential role of nitrogen in the ORR electrocatalysis. The synthesis with the combination of Vulcan, imidazole, and iron or cobalt precursors resulted in the formation of nitrogen-coordinated iron (or cobalt) moieties, inserted in a carbon matrix, as revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Steady-state polarization curves for the ORR evidenced a synergistic effect between Fe and Co when these two metals were included in the synthesis (FeCo-N-C material), showing higher activity and higher limiting current density than the materials prepared only with Fe or Co. The FeCo-N-C material presented not only the highest activity for the ORR (approaching that of the state-of-the-art Pt/C) but also high tolerance to the presence of formate ions in the electrolyte. In addition, measurements with FeCo-N-C in the cathode of an passive air-breathing direct formate fuel cells, (natural diffusion of formate), showed peak power densities of 15.5 and 10.5 mW cm−2 using hydroxide and carbonate-based electrolytes, respectively, and high stability over 120 h of operation.
Laccase Activity as an Essential Factor in the Oligomerization of Rutin
Authors: Muñiz-Mouro Abel , Gullón Beatriz , Lú-Chau Thelmo A. , Moreira María Teresa , Lema Juan M. , Eibes Gemma
Published: August 2018

The enzyme-mediated polymerization of bioactive phenolic compounds, such as the flavonoid rutin, has gained interest due to the enhanced physico-chemical and biological properties of the products, which increases their potential application as a nutraceutical. In this work, the influence of enzyme activity on rutin oligomerization was evaluated in reactions with low (1000 U/L) and high (10,000 U/L) initial laccase activities. For both reactions, high molecular weight oligomer fractions showed better properties compared to lower weight oligomers. Products of the reaction with low laccase activity exhibited thermal stability and antioxidant potential similar to control reaction, but led to higher inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase and apparent aqueous solubility. Oligomers obtained in the reaction with high laccase activity showed better apparent aqueous solubility but decreased biological activities and stability. Their low antioxidant activity was correlated with a decreased phenolic content, which could be attributed to the formation of several bonds between rutin molecules.
From Gas Sensors to Biomimetic Artificial Noses
Authors: Pelosi Paolo , Zhu Jiao , Knoll Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

Since the first attempts to mimic the human nose with artificial devices, a variety of sensors have been developed, ranging from simple inorganic and organic gas detectors to biosensing elements incorporating proteins of the biological olfactory system. In order to design a device able to mimic the human nose, two major issues still need to be addressed regarding the complexity of olfactory coding and the extreme sensitivity of the biological system. So far, only 50 of the approximately 300–400 functioning olfactory receptors have been de-orphanized, still a long way from breaking the human olfactory code. On the other hand, the exceptional sensitivity of the human nose is based on amplification mechanisms difficult to reproduce with electronic circuits, and perhaps novel approaches are required to address this issue. Here, we review the recent literature on chemical sensing both in biological systems and artificial devices, and try to establish the state-of-the-art towards the design of an electronic nose.
Automated Control of Plasma Ion-Assisted Electron Beam-Deposited TiO2 Optical Thin Films
Authors: Hui Bing , Fu Xiuhua , Gibson Des , Child David , Song Shigeng , Fleming Lewis , Rutins Guntis , Chu Hin on , Clark Caspar , Reid Stuart
Published: August 2018

A hollow cathode plasma source has been operated automatically, demonstrating independent control of plasma ion energy and ion current density for plasma ion-assisted electron beam-deposited titania (TiO2). The lanthanum hexaboride hollow cathode design described in this work utilizes both the interior and exterior cathode surfaces, with the additional electrons generated removing the need for a separate neutralizing source. Automatic feedback control of plasma source cathode-to-anode accelerator voltage (AV—via argon gas flow to the anode and/or cathode plasma source areas) and accelerator current (AC—via an external high-current power supply) provides independent control of the ion energy distribution function and ion current density, respectively. Automated run-to-run reproducibility (over six separate deposition runs) in TiO2 refractive index (550 nm) was demonstrated as 2.416 ± 0.008 (spread quoted as one standard deviation), which is well within the required refractive index control for optical coating applications. Variation in refractive index is achievable through control of AV (ion energy) and/or AC (ion current density), directly influencing deposited TiO2 structural phase. Measured dependencies of TiO2 refractive index and extinction coefficient on AV and AC are described. Optimum plasma source parameters for assisted electron beam deposition of TiO2 optical thin-film applications are highlighted.
Shellac Thin Films Obtained by Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE)
Authors: Brajnicov Simona , Bercea Adrian , Marascu Valentina , Matei Andreea , Mitu Bogdana
Published: August 2018

We report on the fabrication of shellac thin films on silicon substrates by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) using methanol as matrix. Very adherent, dense, and smooth films were obtained by MAPLE with optimized deposition parameters, such as laser wavelength and laser fluence. Films with a root mean square (RMS) roughness of 11 nm measured on 40 × 40 µm2 were obtained for a 2000-nm-thick shellac film deposited with 0.6 J/cm2 fluence at a laser wavelength of 266 nm. The MAPLE films were tested in simulated gastric fluid in order to assess their capabilities as an enteric coating. The chemical, morphological, and optical properties of shellac samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Investigation of Si Dendrites by Electron-Beam-Induced Current
Authors: Yi Wei , Chen Jun , Ito Shun , Nakazato Koji , Kimura Takashi , Sekiguchi Takashi , Fujiwara Kozo
Published: August 2018

This paper reports on electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) characterization of special multicrystalline Si ingot by dendritic growth under high undercooling. Grain boundaries (GBs), dislocations, and their interaction with carbon related precipitates were investigated. The difference between grains from dendrite and non-dendrite growth was compared. In dendrite grains, parallel twins were frequently found. In non-dendrite grains, irregular GBs of various characters co-existed. Both parallel twins and irregular GBs exhibited dark EBIC contrast at room temperature, indicating the presence of minority carrier recombination centers due to impurity contamination. However, sometimes in non-dendrite grains GBs were visualized with bright EBIC contrast with enhanced collection of charge carriers. The origin of the abnormal bright EBIC contrast was explored and it turned out to be SiC related precipitates, which made GBs conduction channels for electron transport.
Optimal Placement of Pressure Gauges for Water Distribution Networks Using Entropy Theory Based on Pressure Dependent Hydraulic Simulation
Authors: Yoo Do Guen , Chang Dong Eil , Song Yang Ho , Lee Jung Ho
Published: August 2018

This study proposed a pressure driven entropy method (PDEM) that determines a priority order of pressure gauge locations, which enables the impact of abnormal condition (e.g., pipe failures) to be quantitatively identified in water distribution networks (WDNs). The method developed utilizes the entropy method from information theory and pressure driven analysis (PDA), which is the latest hydraulic analysis method. The conventional hydraulic approach has problems in determining the locations of pressure gauges, attributable to unrealistic results under abnormal conditions (e.g., negative pressure). The proposed method was applied to two benchmark pipe networks and one real pipe network. The priority order for optimal locations was produced, and the result was compared to existing approach. The results of the conventional method show that the pressure reduction difference of each node became so excessive, which resulted in a distorted distribution. However, with the method developed, which considers the connectivity of a system and the influence among nodes based on PDA and entropy method results, pressure gauges can be more realistically and reasonably located.
An Adaptive Weight Method for Image Retrieval Based Multi-Feature Fusion
Authors: Lu Xiaojun , Wang Jiaojuan , Li Xiang , Yang Mei , Zhang Xiangde
Published: August 2018

With the rapid development of information storage technology and the spread of the Internet, large capacity image databases that contain different contents in the images are generated. It becomes imperative to establish an automatic and efficient image retrieval system. This paper proposes a novel adaptive weighting method based on entropy theory and relevance feedback. Firstly, we obtain single feature trust by relevance feedback (supervised) or entropy (unsupervised). Then, we construct a transfer matrix based on trust. Finally, based on the transfer matrix, we get the weight of single feature through several iterations. It has three outstanding advantages: (1) The retrieval system combines the performance of multiple features and has better retrieval accuracy and generalization ability than single feature retrieval system; (2) In each query, the weight of a single feature is updated dynamically with the query image, which makes the retrieval system make full use of the performance of several single features; (3) The method can be applied in two cases: supervised and unsupervised. The experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms the previous approaches. The top 20 retrieval accuracy is 97.09%, 92.85%, and 94.42% on the dataset of Wang, UC Merced Land Use, and RSSCN7, respectively. The Mean Average Precision is 88.45% on the dataset of Holidays.