bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the hippocampal level of tau but not beta-amyloid may mediate anxiety-like behavior improvement ensuing from exercise in diabetic female rats
Authors: Khoramipour Kayvan , Rezaei Maryam Hossein , Moslemizadeh Amirhossein , Hosseini Mahdieh Sadat , Ebrahimnezhad Narjes , Bashiri Hamideh
Published: May 2024

Background

In the present study, we investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive behaviors in female rats with a high-fat diet + streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Twenty-four female rats were divided into four groups randomly (n = 6): control (C), control + exercise (Co + EX), diabetes mellitus (type 2) (T2D), and diabetes mellitus + exercise (T2D + EX). Diabetes was induced by a two-month high-fat diet and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) in the T2D and T2D + EX groups. The Co + EX and T2D + EX groups performed HIIT for eight weeks (five sessions per week, running on a treadmill at 80–100% of VMax, 4–10 intervals). Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were used for assessing anxiety-like behaviors, and passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) were applied for evaluating learning and memory. The hippocampal levels of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau were also assessed using Western blot.

Results

An increase in fasting blood glucose (FBG), hippocampal level of Tau, and a decrease in the percentage of open arm time (%OAT) as an index of anxiety-like behavior were seen in the female diabetic rats which could be reversed by HIIT. In addition, T2D led to a significant decrease in rearing and grooming in the OFT. No significant difference among groups was seen for the latency time in the PAT and learning and memory in the MWM.

Conclusions

HIIT could improve anxiety-like behavior at least in part through changes in hippocampal levels of Tau.
Colour-analyzer: a new dual colour model-based imaging tool to quantify plant disease
Authors: Loranger Mackenzie Eli William , Yim Winfield , Accomazzi Vittorio , Morales-Lizcano Nadia , Moeder Wolfgang , Yoshioka Keiko
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite major efforts over the last decades, the rising demands of the growing global population makes it of paramount importance to increase crop yields and reduce losses caused by plant pathogens. One way to tackle this is to screen novel resistant genotypes and immunity-inducing agents, which must be conducted in a high-throughput manner.

Results

Colour-analyzer is a free web-based tool that can be used to rapidly measure the formation of lesions on leaves. Pixel colour values are often used to distinguish infected from healthy tissues. Some programs employ colour models, such as RGB, HSV or L*a*b*. Colour-analyzer uses two colour models, utilizing both HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) and L*a*b* values. We found that the a* b* values of the L*a*b* colour model provided the clearest distinction between infected and healthy tissue, while the H and S channels were best to distinguish the leaf area from the background.

Conclusion

By combining the a* and b* channels to determine the lesion area, while using the H and S channels to determine the leaf area, Colour-analyzer provides highly accurate information on the size of the lesion as well as the percentage of infected tissue in a high throughput manner and can accelerate the plant immunity research field.
Pulmonary transplant complications: a radiologic review
Authors: Friedlander Samuel , Pogatchnik Brian , Furuya Yuka , Allen Tadashi
Published: May 2024

Lung transplantation has become the definitive treatment for end stage respiratory disease. Numbers and survival rates have increased over the past decade, with transplant recipients living longer and with greater comorbidities, resulting in greater complexity of care. Common and uncommon complications that occur in the immediate, early, intermediate, and late periods can have significant impact on the course of the transplant. Fortunately, advancements in surgery, medical care, and imaging as well as other diagnostics work to prevent, identify, and manage complications that would otherwise have a negative impact on survivability. This review will focus on contextualizing complications both categorically and chronologically, with highlights of specific imaging and clinical features in order to inform both radiologists and clinicians involved in post-transplant care.
Study on risk factors and treatment strategies of hypoxemia after acute type a aortic dissection surgery
Authors: Yu Wenbo , Liang Yuan , Gao Jianfeng , Xiong Jianxian
Published: May 2024

Acute type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease characterized by rapid onset and high mortality. Emergency surgery is the preferred and reliable treatment option. However, postoperative complications significantly impact patient prognosis. Hypoxemia, a common complication, poses challenges in clinical treatment, negatively affecting patient outcomes and increasing the risk of mortality. Therefore, it is crucial to study and comprehend the risk factors and treatment strategies for hypoxemia following acute type A aortic dissection to facilitate early intervention.
Risk factors and prognostic significance of early postoperative complications for patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer
Authors: Batıhan Güntuğ , Ceylan Kenan Can , Kaya Şeyda Örs
Published: May 2024

Background

Although pneumonectomy has relatively high mortality and morbidity rates, it remains valid in the surgical treatment of lung cancer. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of postoperative complications after pneumonectomy and demonstrate the risk factors related to early postoperative complications.

Methods

Patients who underwent pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer between January 2008 and May 2021 were included in the study. Factors related to the development of early postoperative complications and overall survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

A total of 136 patients were included in the study. Early postoperative complications were seen in 33 (24.3%) patients and late postoperative complications in 7 (5.1%) patients. The amount of cigarette smoking, and the operation side were the independent variables that affect the development of early postoperative complications. In multivariate analysis, smoking amount and pericardial invasion were associated with the development of postoperative hemorrhage, and advanced age was associated with the development of postoperative pneumonia.

Conclusions

Early postoperative complications have a negative effect on the prognosis after pneumonectomy therefore careful patient selection and preoperative risk assessment are essential to minimize the occurrence of complications and improve patient outcomes.

Trial registration

This observational study was approved by the (Ethical Committee of Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Education and Research Center) Institutional Review Board of our center (E-49109414-604.02.02-218625439).
Chronic pain enhances excitability of corticotropin-releasing factor-expressing neurons in the oval part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
Authors: Uchida Ryoko , Mukai Yasutaka , Amano Taiju , Sakimura Kenji , Itoi Keiichi , Yamanaka Akihiro , Minami Masabumi
Published: May 2024

We previously reported that enhanced corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) caused the aversive responses during acute pain and suppressed the brain reward system during chronic pain. However, it remains to be examined whether chronic pain alters the excitability of CRF neurons in the BNST. In this study we investigated the chronic pain-induced changes in excitability of CRF-expressing neurons in the oval part of the BNST (ovBNSTCRF neurons) by whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. CRF-Cre; Ai14 mice were used to visualize CRF neurons by tdTomato. Electrophysiological recordings from brain slices prepared from a mouse model of neuropathic pain revealed that rheobase and firing threshold were significantly decreased in the chronic pain group compared with the sham-operated control group. Firing rate of the chronic pain group was higher than that of the control group. These data indicate that chronic pain elevated neuronal excitability of ovBNSTCRF neurons.
CXCR6-positive circulating mucosal-associated invariant T cells can identify patients with non-small cell lung cancer responding to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy
Authors: Qu Jingjing , Wu Binggen , Chen Lijun , Wen Zuoshi , Fang Liangjie , Zheng Jing , Shen Qian , Heng Jianfu , Zhou Jianya , Zhou Jianying
Published: May 2024

Background

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been reported to regulate tumor immunity. However, the immune characteristics of MAIT cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their correlation with the treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain unclear.

Patients and methods

In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, and multiplex immunofluorescence assays to determine the proportion and characteristics of CD8+MAIT cells in patients with metastatic NSCLC who did and did not respond to anti-PD-1 therapy. Survival analyses were employed to determine the effects of MAIT proportion and C-X-C chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) expression on the prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC.

Results

The proportion of activated and proliferating CD8+MAIT cells were significantly higher in responders-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lung tissues before anti-PD-1 therapy, with enhanced expression of cytotoxicity-related genes including CCL4, KLRG1, PRF1, NCR3, NKG7, GZMB, and KLRK1. The responders’ peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8+MAIT cells showed an upregulated CXCR6 expression. Similarly, CXCR6+CD8+MAIT cells from responders showed higher expression of cytotoxicity-related genes, such as CST7, GNLY, KLRG1, NKG7, and PRF1. Patients with ≥15.1% CD8+MAIT cells to CD8+T cells ratio and ≥35.9% CXCR6+CD8+MAIT cells to CD8+MAIT cells ratio in peripheral blood showed better progression-free survival (PFS) after immunotherapy. The role of CD8+MAIT cells in lung cancer immunotherapy was potentially mediated by classical/non-classical monocytes through the CXCL16-CXCR6 axis.

Conclusion

CD8+MAIT cells are a potential predictive biomarker for patients with NSCLC responding to anti-PD-1 therapy. The correlation between CD8+MAIT cells and immunotherapy sensitivity may be ascribed to high CXCR6 expression.
Simultaneous measurement of duloxetine hydrochloride and avanafil at dual-wavelength using novel ecologically friendly TLC-densitometric method: application to synthetic mixture and spiked human plasma with evaluation of greenness and blueness
Authors: Derayea Sayed M. , Elhamdy Hadeer A. , Oraby Mohamed , El-Din Khalid M. Badr
Published: May 2024

The simultaneous assay of duloxetine hydrochloride (DLX) and avanafil (AVN) in their pure forms, synthetic mixtures, and spiked human plasma was achieved using a novel, eco-friendly, sensitive, and specific HPTLC methodology that have been established and validated. Measuring the levels of co-administered antidepressants and sexual stimulants in biological fluids is an important step for individuals with depression and sexual problems. Separation was performed successfully using pre-coated silica gel 60-F254 as a stationary phase and a mobile phase composed of methanol, acetone, and 33% ammonia (8:2:0.05, v/v/v). Compact bands were produced by the optimized mobile phase that was chosen for development (Rf values were 0.23 and 0.75 for DLX and AVN, individually) after dual-wavelength detection for DLX and AVN at 232 and 253 nm, respectively. The results of polynomial regression analysis were exceptional (r = 0.9999 for both medicines) over concentration ranges of 5-800 and 10-800ng/spot for DLX and AVN, respectively. The quantitation limits were 4.69 and 9.53 ng/spot (0.31 and 0.94 µg/mL), whereas the detection limits were 1.55 and 3.15 ng/spot (0.63 and 1.91 µg/mL), for DLX and AVN, respectively. The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) criteria served as the basis for validating the established approach. Moreover, the proposed technique was evaluated in terms of greenness using four contemporary ecological metrics: The Analytical Greenness software (AGREE), the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), Eco-Scale, and the National Environmental Method Index (NEMI). Additionally, the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), a newly developed tool for evaluating the practicality (blueness) of procedures, was taken into consideration when evaluating the sustainability levels of the established approach.
Dissecting zero trust: research landscape and its implementation in IoT
Authors: Liu Chunwen , Tan Ru , Wu Yang , Feng Yun , Jin Ze , Zhang Fangjiao , Liu Yuling , Liu Qixu
Published: May 2024

As a progressive security strategy, the zero trust model has attracted notable attention and importance within the realm of network security, especially in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper aims to evaluate the current research regarding zero trust and to highlight its practical applications in the IoT sphere through extensive bibliometric analysis. We also delve into the vulnerabilities of IoT and explore the potential role of zero trust security in mitigating these risks via a thorough review of relevant security schemes. Nevertheless, the challenges associated with implementing zero trust security are acknowledged. We provide a summary of these issues and suggest possible pathways for future research aimed at overcoming these challenges. Ultimately, this study aims to serve as a strategic analysis of the zero trust model, intending to empower scholars in the field to pursue deeper and more focused research in the future.
Minimal Residual Disease Status in Multiple Myeloma 1 Year After Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Lenalidomide Maintenance Are Associated With Long-Term Overall Survival
Authors: Pasquini Marcelo C. , Wallace Paul K. , Logan Brent , Kaur Manmeet , Tario Joseph D. , Howard Alan , Zhang Yali , Brunstein Claudio , Efebera Yvonne , Geller Nancy , Giralt Sergio , Hari Parameswaran , Horowitz Mary M. , Koreth John , Krishnan Amrita , Landau Heather , Somlo George , Shah Nina , Stadtmauer Edward , Vogl Dan T. , Vesole David H. , McCarthy Philip L. , Hahn Theresa
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE

Prognostic Immunophenotyping in Myeloma Response (PRIMeR) is an ancillary study of minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment for multiple myeloma by next-generation multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC). Patients were enrolled on a three-arm randomized control trial (Blood and Marrow Transplants Clinical Trials Network 0702 Stem Cell Transplant for Myeloma in Combination of Novel Agents [STaMINA]; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01109004 ).

METHODS

Four hundred and thirty-five patients consented to the MRD panel, which included 10 monoclonal antibodies measured via six-color MFC. MRD was measured at baseline/preautologous hematopoietic cell transplant (BL/preAutoHCT), premaintenance (PM), and 1 year (Y1) after AutoHCT with a sensitivity of 10–5 to 10–6. The primary objective was to assess MRD-negative (MRDneg) at 1 year after AutoHCT and progression-free survival and overall survival (PFS/OS).

RESULTS

Similar to the STaMINA results, at a median follow-up of 70 months, there was no significant difference in PFS/OS by treatment arm in the PRIMeR patients. MRDneg at all three time points was associated with significantly improved PFS, and MRDneg at Y1 had significantly longer OS. Multivariate analysis of PFS, adjusting for disease risk and treatment arm, demonstrated hazard ratios (HRs) in MRD-positive patients compared with MRDneg patients at BL, PM, and Y1 of 1.55 ( P = .0074), 1.83 ( P = .0007), and 3.61 ( P < .0001), respectively. Corresponding HRs for OS were 1.19 ( P = .48), 0.88 ( P = .68), and 3.36 ( P < .001). Patients with sustained MRDneg or who converted to MRDneg by Y1 had similar PFS/OS.

CONCLUSION

To our knowledge, this first, prospective US cooperative group, multicenter study demonstrates that MRDneg at Y1 after AutoHCT with lenalidomide maintenance is prognostic for improved 6-year PFS and OS. Serial MRD measurements may direct trials to test how further therapy may improve long-term PFS and OS.
Pseudomagnetic fields in bilayer phononic crystals
Authors: Fu Zhenlin , Zheng Riyi , Liang Jialuo , Lu Jiuyang , Deng Weiyin , Ke Manzhu , Huang Xueqin , Liu Zhengyou
Published: May 2024

Pseudomagnetic field (PMF), as an artificial gauge field, has attracted widespread attention in the exploration of magnetic-like effects in artificial structural materials. It offers a novel mechanism for manipulating wave fields in classical wave systems where there is no or weak response to actual magnetic fields. In this work, we construct acoustic PMFs in bilayer phononic crystals by imposing uniaxial linear gradient strain on the scatterers of both layers. Under the PMFs, the linear nodal rings, occurring at around the K and

points of the bilayer phononic crystals, split into acoustics Landau levels (LLs). Specifically, the n = 0 plateau of the LLs splits into two discrete ones due to the interlayer coupling. Furthermore, we construct two heterostructures by splicing two phononic crystals with opposite PMFs and observe unique in-plane snake-like propagations of the edge state as well as oscillations between the upper and lower layers. Bilayer structure provides additional degree of freedom to generate PMFs in various types of semimetals and enriches the manipulation of acoustic wave propagations. In addition, it can be extended to other classical wave systems, such as electromagnetic wave and mechanical systems.
Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Kidney Stones: Evidence from 487 860 UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Liu Minghui , Gao Meng , Wu Jian , Zhu Zewu , Hu Jiao , Chen Hequn , Chen Zhiyong , Chen Jinbo
Published: May 2024

Context

While some studies have suggested an association between metabolic syndrome and kidney stones, the quality and level of evidence in these studies vary.

Objective

Whether some individual characteristics and clustering of metabolic syndrome traits increase the risk of kidney stones has not been examined in a large-scale prospective cohort.

Materials

We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from a prospective cohort of 487 860 UK Biobank participants who were free from kidney stones at baseline. The presence of metabolic syndrome was based on 5 criteria: abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, high blood pressure (HBP), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and risk of kidney stones.

Results

After an average follow-up period of 12.6 years, a total of 5213 of the 487 860 participants included in the UK Biobank study developed kidney stones. The partial traits of metabolic syndrome, including waist circumference (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.20), HDL cholesterol (0.66; 95% CI, 0.55-0.79), HBP (1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.19), and T2DM (1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.21), were independently associated with the occurrence of kidney stones. The clustering of metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with kidney stone formation, and as the number of metabolic syndrome traits increases, the risk of kidney stones gradually increases.

Conclusion

Metabolic syndrome is a significant and independent risk factor for the development of kidney stones. This association suggests that kidney stones may represent a systemic disorder influenced by the interplay of various metabolic risk factors.
The Influence of Trinucleotide Repeats in the Androgen Receptor Gene on Androgen-related Traits and Diseases
Authors: Sasako Takayoshi , Ilboudo Yann , Liang Kevin Y H , Chen Yiheng , Yoshiji Satoshi , Richards J Brent
Published: May 2024

Context

Trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor have been proposed to influence testosterone signaling in men, but the clinical relevance of these trinucleotide repeats remains controversial.

Objective

To examine how androgen receptor trinucleotide repeat lengths affect androgen-related traits and disease risks and whether they influence the clinical importance of circulating testosterone levels.

Methods

We quantified CAG and GGC repeat lengths in the androgen receptor (AR) gene of European-ancestry male participants in the UK Biobank from whole-genome and whole-exome sequence data using ExpansionHunter and tested associations with androgen-related traits and diseases. We also examined whether the associations between testosterone levels and these outcomes were affected by adjustment for the repeat lengths.

Results

We successfully quantified the repeat lengths from whole-genome and/or whole-exome sequence data in 181 217 males. Both repeat lengths were shown to be positively associated with circulating total testosterone level and bone mineral density, whereas CAG repeat length was negatively associated with male-pattern baldness, but their effects were relatively small and were not associated with most of the other outcomes. Circulating total testosterone level was associated with various outcomes, but this relationship was not affected by adjustment for the repeat lengths.

Conclusion

In this large-scale study, we found that longer CAG and GGC repeats in the AR gene influence androgen resistance, elevate circulating testosterone level via a feedback loop, and play a role in some androgen-targeted tissues. Generally, however, circulating testosterone level is a more important determinant of androgen action in males than repeat lengths.
Thyroid Dysfunction Risk After Iodinated Contrast Media Administration: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Analysis
Authors: Sohn Seo Young , Inoue Kosuke , Bashir Muhammad T , Currier Jesse W , Neverova Natalia V , Ebrahimi Ramin , Rhee Connie M , Lee Martin L , Leung Angela M
Published: May 2024

Context

Iodinated contrast media (ICM) is a common source of excess iodine in medical settings, given the common use of iodinated radiologic procedures.

Objective

To determine the long-term risks of thyroid dysfunction following iodinated contrast administration in a prospective study.

Methods

A longitudinal cohort study was conducted of patients in the United States Veterans Affairs medical system who received ICM. Serum thyroid function, thyroid antibody, and inflammatory markers were measured at baseline. Thyroid function tests were repeated at 1 month, 3 months, and every 6 months thereafter until 36 months. Risk of thyroid dysfunction and longitudinal changes in thyroid hormone levels were assessed using mixed effect models.

Results

There were 122 participants (median age, 70.0 [interquartile range 62.2-74.0] years; 98.4% male). At baseline, 6 subjects had subclinical thyroid dysfunction prior to ICM receipt. During median follow-up of 18 months, iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction was observed in 11.5% (14/122); 6 (4.9%) developed hyperthyroidism (including 1 with overt hyperthyroidism) and 8 (6.6%) subclinical hypothyroidism. At last follow-up, 10 of 20 subjects with thyroid dysfunction (14 new-onset cases and 6 with preexisting thyroid dysfunction) had persistent subclinical hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. There were also subtle changes in thyroid hormones observed longitudinally within the reference ranges in the overall cohort.

Conclusion

There is a rare long-term risk of an excess iodine load on thyroid dysfunction even among individuals from an overall iodine-sufficient region, supporting the need for targeted monitoring following iodinated contrast administration.
Feminism against Cisness
Authors: Heaney Emma
Published: May 2024

The contributors to Feminism against Cisness showcase the future of feminist historical, theoretical, and political thought freed from the conceptual strictures of cisness: the fallacy that assigned sex determines sexed experience. The essays demonstrate that this fallacy hinges on the enforcement of white and bourgeois standards of gender comportment that naturalize brutalizing race and class hierarchies. It is, therefore, no accident that the social processes making cisness compulsory are also implicated in anti-Blackness, misogyny, Indigenous erasure, xenophobia, and bourgeois antipathy for working-class life. Working from trans historical archives and materialist trans feminist theories, this volume demonstrates the violent work that cis ideology has done and thinks toward a future for feminism beyond this ideology's counterrevolutionary pull.

Contributors. Cameron Awkward-Rich, Marquis Bey, Kay Gabriel, Jules Gill-Peterson, Emma Heaney, Margaux L. Kristjansson, Greta LaFleur, Grace Lavery, Durba Mitra, Beans Velocci, Joanna Wuest
Introduction
Authors: Heaney Emma
Published: May 2024

The introduction proposes that each chapter in this volume addresses the simultaneity of cisness as a bifurcating and hierarchizing ideology that is fundamental to racial, colonial, and class formation. It offers a theory of sexual difference without cisness to systematize the theoretical contribution of the essays collected in this volume. It derives this theory from engagement with examples from trans historical archives, materialist feminist theories, memoirs that document gendered experiences, and the essays that compose the collection that follows.
Trans Feminine Histories, Piece by Piece, or, Vernacular Print and the Histories of Gender
Authors: Lafleur Greta
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses primarily eighteenth-century settler newspaper reports about trans women who sought to transform their bodies. The described strategies are variegated and creative, depicting approaches from modifications to dress to what might amount to hormone adjustment. Many reports are rendered in the judgmental and/or disciplinary language of strict settler gender systems and gendered racial expectations. The chapter showcases these reports as important for the ongoing project of writing thicker trans feminist histories of eighteenth-century North America. Second, the chapter positions these reports as a way to sketch a trans feminist historiographic method that combines care, creativity, and methods sensitive to eighteenth-century realities (colonialism, multiple understandings of gender diversity, racialization, enslavement). Central to the chapter is the assumption that erasing or undermining the claims of trans women to womanhood has been a prerogative of traditional historical methods, but that some scholarship nonetheless offers tools to undo assumptions of cisness.
Assuaging the Anxious Matriarch
Authors: Wuest Joanna
Published: May 2024

In recent years, social conservatives and certain radical feminists have joined forces in legislative and judicial conflicts over the rights of physicians and therapists to treat gender-nonconforming and transgender youth as well as inclusionary bathroom access policies. Though this resembles past partnerings of feminists and conservatives who allied against pornography and for victims of violent crime, this new coalition’s mobilization of feminist, antiracist, and even intersectional arguments against the notion of trans experience and identity heralds the advent of a new social conservative feminist political logic. The Family Policy Alliance unveiled its version of #MeToo with its “Ask Me First” campaign, which champions the voices of cis women and (presumably cis) children. The Alliance Defending Freedom, the country’s largest, most well-funded right-wing Christian litigation group, has funded trans-exclusionary radical feminist groups and worked with them. This chapter tracks these campaigns and interrogates the rhetorical and ideological transformations that attend them.
Generalidades de la célula
Authors: Jiménez Tobón Guillermo Antonio , Payán Gómez César
Published: May 2024

En este capítulo se responderán las siguientes preguntas: ¿cuáles son las partes de la célula? ¿Qué función tienen? ¿Cómo se relacionan cada una de ellas para permitir el funcionamiento normal de los diferentes tipos de células?
Inflamación
Authors: Jiménez Tobón Guillermo Antonio
Published: May 2024

Como veremos a lo largo de este capítulo, el sistema inmune y su respuesta funciona de forma bastante similar a la reacción de la fuerza pública y los sistemas de emergencia frente a un evento catastrófico o un accionar criminal. Este paralelismo es muy similar al que ocurre con el sistema inmune, con diferencias que iremos detallando a lo largo del capítulo. Para comenzar debemos preguntarnos: ¿qué estímulos activan el sistema inmune?
Cost Structure and the Usefulness of Earnings
Authors: Cadman Brian , Ferracuti Elia
Published: May 2024

We investigate the relation between the usefulness of earnings and firm cost structure. We document that the usefulness of earnings to external users decreases in the degree of operating leverage, which measures the proportion of fixed to variable costs, and that this decline extends at least partially from the relation between the degree of operating leverage and two earnings properties: aggressive revenue recognition to meet an earnings target and earnings volatility. Our results illustrate how firm fundamentals influence a firm’s information environment and thereby the usefulness of earnings to external users.

This paper was accepted by Ranjani Krishnan, accounting.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03023 .
Initial evaluation of a technologyenabled change in delivery of the dementia service during COVID-19 in North Warwickshire
Authors: Singh Sid , Moore Ellie , Melissa Paolo , Patel Vinod , Brown James , Davidson Jan
Published: May 2024

Background:

Remote monitoring technologies show potential to help health professionals deliver preventative interventions which can avoid hospital admissions and allow patients to remain in a home setting.

Aims:

To assess whether an Internet of Things (IoT) driven remote monitoring technology, used in the care pathway of community dementia patients in North Warwickshire improved access to care for patients and cost effectiveness.

Method:

Patient level changes to anonymised retrospective healthcare utilisation data were analysed alongside costs.

Results:

Urgent care decreased following use of an IoT driven remote monitoring technology; one preventative intervention avoided an average of three urgent interventions. A Chi-Square test showing this change as significant. Estimates show annualised service activity avoidance of £201,583 for the cohort; £8764 per patient.

Conclusions:

IoT driven remote monitoring had a positive impact on health utilisation and cost avoidance. Future expansion of the cohort will allow for validation of the results and consider the impact of the technology on patient health outcomes and staff workflows.
The role of egg consumption in the first 1001 days of life: a narrative review
Authors: Derbyshire Emma
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims

Eggs are a natural whole food providing an important array of nutrients that can be challenging to find in other everyday foods. Although evidence shows the benefits of egg consumption for mother and child, consumption rates remain low. The aim of this article was to review latest literature and guidance on egg consumption and examine barriers to consumption during the critical first 1001 days of life.

Methods

This narrative review included an electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Clinical Trials.Gov. Human studies published in English between 2019 and 2024 were screened for eligibility.

Results

Overall, 14 key studies were included that were specific to egg intake/consumption during pregnancy, breastfeeding and/or infancy/early childhood. Six sets of relevant dietary guidelines were identified and reviewed.

Conclusions

Current egg consumption is low, despite previous concerns about food safety and allergy having been overturned in official advice. Including eggs in the diet is an easy and cost-effective way to improve diversity and digestibility of nutrients when dietary requirements are higher. Their consumption has the potential to bridge nutrient gaps, help prevent allergy, augment breast milk composition and contribute to child development and growth.
Improving specialist services for FGM
Authors: Albert Juliet
Published: May 2024

Juliet Albert explores a new project, ACERS-UK, which is currently underway and aiming to improve specialist service provision for survivors of female genital mutilation
Maternal sepsis
Authors: Winter George F
Published: May 2024

George F Winter discusses the risks of maternal sepsis, and explores the latest evidence of interventions to help reduce it
Treatment options for canine hip dysplasia
Authors: Hood Rebecca , Pettitt Rob
Published: May 2024

Hip dysplasia is a common orthopaedic condition in dogs which is frequently encountered by general practitioners. Multiple management options exist and an understanding of the indications for each is required when advising owners on the treatment of such cases. The majority of cases of canine hip dysplasia will likely be managed conservatively; however, a proportion of cases will not respond and therefore require surgical intervention. This article provides general practitioners with further knowledge of the surgical options available and the indications for such procedures. Immature patients with mild hip dysplasia and a lack of secondary osteoarthritic changes may be candidates for prophylactic surgical procedures, such as juvenile pubic symphysiodesis or pelvic osteotomies. In older patients or those with more severe hip dysplasia, total hip replacement results in the best outcome, with full return to function reported in over 90% of patients when performed by an experienced surgeon.
A surgical approach to the rabbit patient: part 1
Authors: Miles Sonya
Published: May 2024

Rabbit surgery, as well as owner expectations, are constantly evolving and increasing. It is essential that the unique anatomical and physiological differences between rabbits and more frequently seen mammalian patients are fully understood before undertaking any surgery. All patients should undergo a full clinical examination and be stabilised before surgery where possible. All essential equipment should be ready at hand. It is important to optimise patient and surgeon positioning, as well as to use appropriately sized suture material, haemostasis, magnification and lighting to improve surgical technique, regardless of the procedure or organ system being operated on. This first of two articles discussing rabbit surgery takes the reader through pre-operative essentials for rabbits, as well as skin, nasal, oral, ophthalmological and aural surgery in rabbits.
Putting Froebel into practice in settings
Authors: Willis Richard
Published: May 2024

In this final article in the series about Friedrich Froebel, Richard Willis, visiting professor at the University of South Wales, discusses what Froebel’s theories look like in practice and the key things for staff to encorporate when engaging with his ideas.
Multiethnic Slavery and the African Diaspora in Macau: The Search for the Geographic Limits of Vast Early America
Authors: McManus Stuart M.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The geographic limits of early American history are continuously being debated. Recently, this has culminated in the popular adoption of the expression "vast early America," which looks beyond the previously dominant Atlantic paradigm to embrace hemispheric perspectives while underlining the need to delve more into continental Africa, the Mediterranean, Eurasia, and the Pacific and Indian Ocean worlds. But what are the limits of this widening historical panorama in the case of the history of slavery? A hitherto-unstudied set of mid-eighteenth-century baptismal records from the Portuguese enclave of Macau, which noted the birth, ethnicity, and parentage of dozens of African and other enslaved people, offers evidence that the transatlantic slave trade was part of a larger trade in people of African descent (and others) that was geographically uneven and regionally segmented but global in extent, reaching as far as China. Placing this unique new dataset within the context of other contemporary Portuguese- and Chinese-language sources reveals that the presence of "Black slaves" (黑 奴, heinu ) in this port city was shaped by many of the same imperial and missionary projects as in the Atlantic, as well as racialized in ways highly reminiscent of the Western Hemisphere by both European and Chinese observers. The increasingly racialized slave trade of vast early America was thus horrifyingly "vast."
Au-delà de la traversée : The Transatlantic Slave Trade within Prerevolutionary Saint Domingue
Authors: Radburn Nicholas
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Prior to the 1791 revolution, three-quarters of a million captive Africans were dragged to Saint Domingue through the transatlantic slave trade. Re-creating these Africans' pathways of forced migration after their arrival in the island reveals the existence of a large, sophisticated, and well-organized intracolonial slave trade on Saint Domingue that has largely escaped the attention of historians. Slave ship captains steered their vessels to different locations within the colony depending on the age, health, ethnicity, and gender of their captives, determining where in the island enslaved people would likely spend the remainder of their lives. Colonial slave traders then organized sales that were designed to sort physically diverse captives and distribute them to socially and racially diverse colonial buyers. Africans moved away from such sales to remarkably varied fates: many were marched to sugar, coffee, indigo or cotton plantations; others were forced to work as servants or apprentices in port cities; and still more were held in urban barracoons and later resold, sometimes hundreds of miles away. Enslaved people were thus forced through an intracolonial slave trade that powerfully determined their often-divergent fates and began to acclimatize them to the brutalities of colonial life.
All-optical polarization scrambler based on polarization beam splitting with an amplified fiber ring
Authors: Yu Yuanjie , Dai Shiyun , Wu Qiang , Long Yu , Liu Ai , Cai Peng , Huang Ligang , Gao Lei , Zhu Tao
Published: May 2024

Optical-fiber-based polarization scramblers can reduce the impact of polarization sensitive performance of various optical fiber systems. Here, we propose a simple and efficient polarization scrambler based on an all-optical Mach-Zehnder structure by combining a polarization beam splitter and an amplified fiber ring. To totally decoherence one polarization split beam, a fiber ring together with an amplifier is incorporated. The ratio of two orthogonal beams can be controlled by varying the amplification factor, and we observe different evolution trajectories of the output state of polarizations on the Poincaré sphere. When the amplification factor exceeds a certain threshold, the scrambler system exhibits nearly ideal polarization scrambling behavior. A commercial single wavelength laser with a linewidth of 3 MHz is utilized to characterize the scrambling performance. We found that when the sampling rate is 1.6 MSa/s, a scrambling speed up to 2000krad/s can be obtained for the average degree of polarization being less than 0.1. We also exploit these random polarization fluctuations to generate random binary numbers, indicating that the proposed technique is a good candidate for a random bit generator.
High-resolution and highly-multiplexed option for fiber-fed spectrograph of the wide field MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST)
Authors: Li Pei , Wang Zichao , Huang Song , Zhang Yifan , Guo Liquan , Wang Zhuoxiao , Ji Gang , Dai Xiaodong , Cai Zheng , Huang Lei
Published: May 2024

In recent decades, rapid advances in astronomical imaging campaigns have generated an urgent need for detailed spectroscopic surveys with increased speed and efficiency. The 6.5 m MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST) aims to address these current demands. The performance of the multi-object fiber-fed spectrograph (MOFS) plays a critical role for spectroscopic survey telescopes, directly influencing the realization of scientific aims. In this paper, we demonstrate a high-resolution and highly-multiplexed option for MOFS of MUST. The system is believed to be first to apply a 92 mm × 92 mm large-size detector in a Schmidt-like camera and reduces the average central obscuration to 14%. Thanks to the F/1.25 camera design with excellent image quality, the spectrograph achieves up to 800 150µm-large-core optical fibers integration. It can obtain the broadband spectral information (395 nm–435 nm, 520 nm–570 nm, 610 nm–680 nm) of 800 objects with a high resolution of >16,000 within one exposure. The spectrograph theory, design method, and final system scheme of the MOFS can offer good reference and guidance for the spectrograph design in the spectroscopic survey.
Temporally modulating laser pulses to stabilize LIBS measurement locations under large gas temperature gradients
Authors: Chai Shu , Li Aochen , Peng Haimeng , Zhang Qiwen , Wu Wendong
Published: May 2024

In combustion research, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been widely employed in local equivalence ratio measurement. However, the potential temperature gradients in the probe volume can significantly affect the shape of induced plasmas, resulting in unstable measurement locations. In this work, we improved the stability of measurement locations by modulating the laser pulse duration. In a hot-cold gas flow interface with large temperature gradients, when using the original laser pulse with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4 ns, the locations of initial plasma core were insensitive to gradient variations; however, the plasma expansion behaviors differed significantly after 3 ns. The hot spots of plasmas diverged bi-directionally under high temperature, resulting in two-lobe structures and unstable measurement locations. After the laser pulse was modulated to a shorter duration using a pressure chamber, the plasma expansion was suppressed which constrained the plasma volume. Specifically, using a modulated pulse with a FWHM of 1.9 ns, the two-lobe structure was eliminated across the interface, and the standard deviation of measurement locations was reduced to 0.27 mm. The measured equivalence ratios across the interface showed favorable agreement with the simulation.
Miniaturized leaky-wave antenna with backward-to-forward beam scanning and suppressed open stop-band based on substrate-integrated plasmonic waveguide
Authors: Si Liming , Han Kunlin , Niu Rong , Dong Lin , Xing Wentao , Zhu Weiren
Published: May 2024

This work presents a theoretical design and experimental demonstration of a novel miniaturized leaky-wave antenna (LWA) using composite waveguide based on substrate-integrated plasmonic waveguide (SIPW). The SIPW is designed by embedding hybrid dual spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structure into a three-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). Due to the slow-wave effect of SIPW, the proposed miniaturized composite waveguide forms slowed phase velocity and decreased lower cutoff frequency. To excite backward-to-forward beam scanning mode and suppress the open stop-band, an asymmetric sinusoidal modulated structure is introduced to the surface of the composite waveguide. The experimental results indicate that the proposed SIPW-based LWA can achieve continuous beam scanning from the backward to the forward direction within the bandwidth of 10.6-13.7 GHz, passing through the broadside at 11.6 GHz.
Non-line-of-sight optical wireless communication system enabled by wavefront shaping for multi-user indoor access
Authors: Weng Huiyi , Wang Wei , Chen Zhiwei , Zhu Bowen , Ni Weihao , Yin Mingzhu , Lu Rongguo , Cao Zizheng , Li Zhaohui , Li Fan
Published: May 2024

In this Letter, we experimentally investigate a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) optical wireless communication (OWC) system that utilizes wavefront shaping techniques to realize simultaneous data transmission for multiple users. Wavefront shaping techniques are employed to address the issue of low intensity of diffusely reflected light at the receiver in NLOS scenarios for indoor high-speed access. To achieve communication path planning and tracing for two different users in free-space optical communication, the pixels of the spatial light modulator (SLM) are divided into two halves to separately manipulate the wavefront of two independent data carriers centered at different wavelengths. The maximum received optical power can be effectively improved by more than 15 dB with the wavefront shaping technique. To avoid power enhancement of non-target wavelength, the wavelength difference of two different users is experimentally studied. The difference in power enhancement ratio (DPER) is increased with the wavelength difference, and 14.95 dB DPER is obtained with a 10 nm wavelength difference. Under the aforementioned wavelength planning strategy, successful transmission and reception of 2 × 160 Gbit/s 16-QAM signals for two users with coherent detection is achieved using wavelengths of 1550 and 1560 nm in an indoor access scenario.
Ultra-slow-light and dynamically quantitative optical storage modulation via quasi-BICs
Authors: Zeng Dongwen , Wu Zeyu , Liu Guiqiang , Yu Mengyu , Liu Xiaoshan , Chen Jing , Tang Chaojun , Du Wei , Liu Zhengqi
Published: May 2024

We achieve dynamically tunable dual quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) by implementing them in a silicon–graphene multilayer composite structure and utilize the quasi-BIC modes to achieve ultra-large group delays (velocity of light slows down 105 times), showing 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the group delays of previous electromagnetically induced transparency modes. The double-layer graphene holds great tuning capability and leads to the dramatically reduced group delay from 1929.82 to 1.58 ps with only 100 meV. In addition, the log-linear variation rule of group delay with Fermi level (Ef) in the range of 0–10 meV is analyzed in detail, and the double-logarithmic function relationship between the group delay and quality factor (Q-factor) is theoretically verified. Finally, the quantitative modulation of the optical storage is further realized in this basis. Our research provides ideas for the reform and upgrading of slow optical devices.
High-power femtosecond molecular broadening and the effects of ro-vibrational coupling
Authors: Trallero Carlos , Watson Kevin , Saule Tobias , Ivanov Maksym , Schmidt Bruno , Rodnova Zhanna , Gibson George , Berrah Nora
Published: May 2024

Scaling spectral broadening to higher pulse energies and average powers, respectively, is a critical step in ultrafast science, especially for narrowband Yb-based solid state lasers which become the new state-of-the-art. Despite their high nonlinearity, molecular gases as the broadening medium inside hollow-core fibers have been limited to 25 W, at best. We demonstrate spectral broadening in nitrogen at ten-fold average powers up to 250W with repetition rates from 25 to 200kHz. The observed ten-fold spectral broadening is stronger compared to the more expensive krypton gas and enables pulse compression from 1.3ps to 120fs. We identified an intuitive explanation for the observed average power scaling based on the density of molecular ro–vibrational states of Raman active molecules. To verify this ansatz, spectral broadening limitations in O2 and N2O are experimentally measured and agree well. On these grounds we propose a new perspective on the role, suitability, and limits of stimulated Raman scattering at high average and peak powers. Finally, high harmonic generation is demonstrated at 200~kHz.