bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of applicant and program factors on preference signaling outcomes in otolaryngology
Authors: Benjamin William J. , Lenze Nicholas R. , Yalamanchi Pratyusha , Farlow Janice L. , Mihalic Angela P. , Bohm Lauren A. , Thorne Marc C. , Kupfer Robbi A.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To assess the impact of applicant and program characteristics on preference signaling outcomes during the 2021 and 2022 application cycles in otolaryngology.

Methods

The Texas Seeking Transparency in Applications to Residency survey was used for otolaryngology applicants during the 2021 and 2022 match years. The primary outcome of interest was signal yield, defined as the number of interviews at signaled programs divided by the total number of signals sent. Associations with applicant‐reported characteristics, geographic connections to programs, and program reputation were assessed.

Results

On average 59.5% of signals resulted in an interview (signal yield). There was a positive correlation between the number of signals sent to a program with a reported geographic connection and signal yield, with each additional signal resulting in a 3.4% increase in signal yield (p = .03). Signal yield was positively associated with number of publications (p < .001); number of abstracts, posters, and presentations (p = .04); and whether the applicant took a research year (p = .003). Applicants with higher USMLE Step 1 (p = .01) and Step 2 (p = .003) scores, publications (p = .03), volunteer (p = .008) and leadership (p = .001) experiences received a lower percentage of their total interviews from signaled programs whereas applicants from the 3rd (p < .001) and 4th (p = .03) cumulative class ranked quartiles received a higher percentage of their total interviews from signaled programs.

Conclusions

Signal yield appears to have a significant association with geographic connections to programs and applicant competitiveness. This study may help applicants, advisors, and programs maximize the benefit of the preference signaling system.

Levels of evidence: Level 4.
Jackson Heart Study: Aggregate cardiovascular disease risk and auditory profiles
Authors: Baiduc Rachael R. , Spankovich Christopher , Vu Thanh‐Huyen , Arteaga Alberto A. , Bishop Charles , Schweinfurth John M.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Evaluate the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and cochlear function in African Americans.

Methods

Relationships between hearing loss, cochlear function, and CVD risk factors were assessed in a cross‐sectional analysis of 1106 Jackson Heart Study participants. Hearing loss was defined as puretone average (PTA0.5,1,2,4) > 15 dB HL. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were collected for f2 = 1.0–8.0 kHz. Two amplitude averages were computed: DPOAElow (f2 ≤ 4 kHz) and DPOAEhigh (f2 ≥ 6 kHz). Based on major CVD risk factors (diabetes, current smoking, total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or treatment, and systolic blood pressure [BP]/diastolic BP ≥ 140/≥90 mmHg or treatment), four risk groups were created: 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 risk factors. Logistic regression estimated the odds of hearing loss and absent/reduced DPOAElow and DPOAEhigh by CVD risk status adjusting for age, sex, education, BMI, vertigo, and noise exposure.

Results

With multivariable adjustment, diabetes was associated with hearing loss (OR = 1.48 [95% CI: 1.04–2.10]). However, there was not a statistically significant relationship between CVD risk factors (individually or for overall risk) and DPOAEs.

Conclusion

Diabetes was associated with hearing loss. Neither individual CVD risk factors nor overall risk showed a relationship to cochlear dysfunction.

Level of Evidence

2b.
Effects of trace La addition on corrosion properties of oxygen‐free copper tube in a formic acid environment
Authors: Li Haihong , Li Deshan , Wang Zhongqi , Li Yang , Zhang Xintao , Wang Songwei , Liu Xiao
Published: February 2023

Oxygen‐free copper (OFC) tubes are widely used in heat‐transfer units. Due to the thickness of the OFC tube wall becoming thinner and thinner, higher demands are put forward for its corrosion resistance properties. We investigated the effects of trace La addition on the corrosion properties of OFC tubes in a formic acid environment through experiments of vapor corrosion and electrochemical corrosion. Although a small number of La would exist on the grain boundaries of copper tubes, there was no apparent influence on the grain size of OFC tubes. In HCOOH vapor, La addition increased the compactness of corrosion product films, decreased the size of corrosion pits, and improved the corrosion properties of OFC tube. Furthermore, rare earth La purified copper matrix, decreased the cathode area of impurities and inhibited the cathode reaction. Electrochemical corrosion resistance properties of the OFC tube were improved by the addition of trace La.
Potential Repercussions of Offshore Wind Energy Development in the Northeast United States for the Atlantic Surfclam Survey and Population Assessment
Authors: Borsetti Sarah , Munroe Daphne M. , Scheld Andrew M. , Powell Eric N. , Klinck John M. , Hofmann Eileen E.
Published: February 2023

The Atlantic surfclam Spisula solidissima fishery, which spans the U.S. Northeast continental shelf, is among the most exposed to offshore wind energy development impacts because of the overlap of fishing grounds with wind energy lease areas, the hydraulic dredges used by the fishing vessels, and the location of vessel home ports relative to the fishing grounds. The Atlantic surfclam federal assessment survey is conducted using a commercial fishing vessel in locations that overlap with the offshore wind energy development. Once wind energy turbines, cables, and scour protection are installed, survey operations within wind energy lease areas may be curtailed or eliminated due to limits on vessel access, safety requirements, and assessment survey protocols. The impact of excluding the federal assessment survey from wind energy lease areas was investigated using a spatially explicit, agent-based modeling framework that integrates Atlantic surfclam stock biology, fishery captain and fleet behavior, and federal assessment survey and management decisions. Simulations were designed to compare assessment estimates of spawning stock biomass (SSB) and fishing mortality (F) for scenarios that excluded the survey from (1) wind energy lease areas or (2) wind energy lease areas and potential wind energy lease areas (“call areas”). For the most restricted scenario, the simulated stock assessment estimated 17% lower SSB relative to an unrestricted survey, placing it below the SSB target. The simulated F increased by 7% but was still less than the accepted F threshold. Changes in biological reference points were driven by the inability to access the Atlantic surfclam biomass within the wind energy lease areas. Deviations in reference points reflected the proportion of the population excluded from the survey. Excluding the Atlantic surfclam assessment surveys from the regions designated for offshore wind development can alter long-term stock assessments by increasing uncertainty in metrics that are used to set fishing quotas.
Duodenal alpha‐Synuclein Pathology and Enteric Gliosis in Advanced Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Emmi Aron , Sandre Michele , Russo Francesco Paolo , Tombesi Giulia , Garrì Federica , Campagnolo Marta , Carecchio Miryam , Biundo Roberta , Spolverato Gaya , Macchi Veronica , Savarino Edoardo , Farinati Fabio , Parchi Piero , Porzionato Andrea , Bubacco Luigi , De Caro Raffaele , Kovacs Gabor G. , Antonini Angelo
Published: February 2023

Background

The role of the gut‐brain axis has been recently highlighted as a major contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD) physiopathology, with numerous studies investigating bidirectional transmission of pathological protein aggregates, such as α‐synuclein (αSyn). However, the extent and the characteristics of pathology in the enteric nervous system have not been fully investigated.

Objective

We characterized αSyn alterations and glial responses in duodenum biopsies of patients with PD by employing topography‐specific sampling and conformation‐specific αSyn antibodies.

Methods

We examined 18 patients with advanced PD who underwent Duodopa percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunal tube procedure, 4 untreated patients with early PD (disease duration <5 years), and 18 age‐ and ‐sex‐matched healthy control subjects undergoing routine diagnostic endoscopy. A mean of four duodenal wall biopsies were sampled from each patient. Immunohistochemistry was performed for anti‐aggregated αSyn (5G4) and glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies. Morphometrical semiquantitative analysis was performed to characterize αSyn‐5G4+ and glial fibrillary acidic protein–positive density and size.

Results

Immunoreactivity for aggregated α‐Syn was identified in all patients with PD (early and advanced) compared with controls. αSyn‐5G4+ colocalized with neuronal marker β‐III‐tubulin. Evaluation of enteric glial cells demonstrated an increased size and density when compared with controls, suggesting reactive gliosis.

Conclusions

We found evidence of synuclein pathology and gliosis in the duodenum of patients with PD, including early de novo cases. Future studies are required to evaluate how early in the disease process duodenal pathology occurs and its possible contribution to levodopa effect in chronic patients. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Sleep duration and timing are prospectively linked with insulin resistance during late adolescence
Authors: Jansen Erica C. , Burgess Helen J. , Chervin Ronald D. , Dolinoy Dana C. , Téllez‐Rojo Martha M. , Cantoral Alejandra , Olascoaga‐Torres Libni , Lee Joyce , Dunietz Galit Levi , O'Brien Louise M. , Peterson Karen E.
Published: February 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether short sleep duration or later sleep timing is a risk factor for insulin resistance (IR) in late adolescence.

Methods

Mexico City adolescents enrolled in a longitudinal birth cohort (ELEMENT) took part in two study visits during peri‐puberty that occurred approximately 2 years apart. IR was assessed with serum glucose and insulin. Four groups were defined using puberty‐specific cut points: no IR over the follow‐up period, transition from normal to IR, transition from IR to normal, and IR at both time points. Baseline sleep assessments were measured with 7‐day wrist actigraphy. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between sleep duration and timing with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance categories, adjusting for age, sex, and baseline pubertal status.

Results

Adolescents who were ≥ 1 hour below the sleep duration recommendations‐for‐age were 2.74 times more likely to develop IR (95% CI: 1.0‐7.4). Similarly, adolescents who were in the latest category of sleep midpoint (>4:33 a.m.) were more likely than those with earliest midpoints (1 a.m.–3 a.m.) to develop IR (odds ratio = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.0‐6.7). Changes in adiposity over follow‐up did not mediate sleep and IR.

Conclusions

Insufficient sleep duration and late sleep timing were associated with development of IR over a 2‐year period in late adolescence.
Anti‐hygroscopicity technologies for ammonium dinitramide: A review**
Authors: Tian Shichao , Wang Yinglei , Chen Xinjian , Hu Dongdong , Hu Yifei , Zheng Shuai , Zhou Zhiyong , Xiao Chuan , Ren Zhongqi
Published: February 2023

Valuable propellants have the characteristics of high impulse, low pollution, and strong stability, and oxidizers play a substantial role in determining the performance of propellants. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is a relatively promising oxidizer due to its high‐energy and chlorine‐free characteristics. However, although ADN exhibits high energy performance compared with traditional oxidizers, the high hygroscopicity of ADN when exposed to high humidity restricts its broader application in solid propellants. This review highlights the necessity of utilizing anti‐hygroscopicity strategies with ADN to extend its application. The anti‐hygroscopicity mechanism of ADN is summarized by calculations and experimental results. Anti‐hygroscopicity technologies that can be used with ADN include prilling, surface coating, and co‐crystallization, and these technologies are comprehensively summarized herein. This review is intended to provide insight into the use of anti‐hygroscopicity technologies with ADN, highlight the challenges of these methods, and point out future development directions.
Three‐stage feature selection approach for deep learning‐based RUL prediction methods
Authors: Wang Youdao , Zhao Yifan
Published: February 2023

The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction plays an increasingly important role in predictive maintenance. With the development of big data and the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT), deep learning (DL) techniques have been widely adopted for RUL prediction. Addressing the limitation of the current methods for data under multiple operating conditions, this paper proposes a three‐stage feature selection approach for DL‐based RUL prediction models. The k‐medoids cluster is initially used to sort raw data based on different operating conditions. In the first stage of feature selection, an operational‐based normalisation approach is applied to reconstruct the data. Afterwards, Spearman's rank and pair‐wise Pearson correlation coefficients are used to eliminate irrelevant and redundant features in the second and third stages, respectively. A case study using NASA's Commercial Modular Aero‐Propulsion System Simulation (C‐MAPSS) dataset is presented to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the proposed feature selection method using the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and its’ variants, enhanced by an optimised activation function and optimiser. The results confirm that the proposed method can improve the stability of DL models and achieve about a 7.3% average improvement in the RUL prediction for popular and state‐of‐the‐art DL models.
A novel concurrent learning‐based sliding‐mode observer for second‐order multivariable systems with a time‐varying coefficient: An application to machine vision
Authors: Keshavan J.
Published: February 2023

The problem of finite‐time state recovery for multivariable second‐order systems with a time‐varying coefficient is considered in this study. The key challenge lies in the time‐varying nature of the regressor coefficient, which possibly results in the lack of a well‐defined relative degree, and renders the synthesis of a finite‐time state observer difficult for such systems. In order to overcome this challenge, a novel multivariable sliding‐mode observer is developed that relies on an information‐rich term based on concurrent learning to ensure observer convergence. In particular, the concurrent learning‐based augmentation term leverages information contained in prior data, which is recorded over a sliding time window in the recent past, so that the resulting observer structure need only satisfy a relaxed observability condition for ensuring finite‐time convergence. A Lyapunov‐based stability analysis is undertaken to demonstrate finite‐time convergence of the observer estimates to a small uniform ultimate bound around the ground truth for a sufficiently large choice of observer gains. The observer is then applied to accomplish the task of structure and motion recovery from machine vision that involves tracking of a single stationary object feature by a moving camera across the image sequence. Numerical results are used to validate accurate observer performance in the presence of model uncertainty and measurement noise for weakly persistently exciting systems. Furthermore, a detailed comparison study with leading alternative designs is also included that demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed scheme. As the current approach precludes any reliance on a restrictive persistency of excitation condition that is difficult to satisfyapriori, an important advantage of the proposed scheme is its suitability to practical applications such as visual servo control.
Chronic stressors, coping strategies, and depressive symptoms: A comparison across older age groups
Authors: Sowan Wafaa , Rutin Renana , Cohen Miri
Published: February 2023

Late‐life depression is a prevalent mental health problem among older adults. Variations may exist in the intensity of chronic stressors experienced by people in different older age groups and their effects on depressive symptoms. To examine differences among older adults by age group in the experienced intensity of chronic stressors in relation to coping strategies and depressive symptoms. Participants were 114 older adults. The sample was divided into three age groups: 65–72, 73–81, and 82–91. The participants completed questionnaires on coping strategies, depressive symptoms, and chronic stressors. Moderation analyses were conducted. The lowest levels of depressive symptoms were in the young‐old age group and the highest levels were in the oldest‐old age group. The young‐old age group used more engaged and less disengaged coping strategies than the two other groups. The association between intensity of chronic stressors and depressive symptoms was stronger in the two older age groups compared to the youngest (moderating effect of age groups). Differences exist in the relationships among chronic stressors, coping strategies, and depressive symptoms by age groups in the older adult population. Professionals should be aware of the possible differences between age groups in depressive symptoms and the impact of stressors on depressive symptoms in different older adult age groups.
Advanced Composite Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Filler Dimensional Design and Ion Path Optimization
Authors: Zheng Feifan , Li Chunwei , Li Zongcheng , Cao Xin , Luo Hebin , Liang Jin , Zhao Xiaodong , Kong Jie
Published: February 2023

Composite solid electrolytes are considered to be the crucial components of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries, which are viewed as the next‐generation energy storage devices for high energy density and long working life. Numerous studies have shown that fillers in composite solid electrolytes can effectively improve the ion‐transport behavior, the essence of which lies in the optimization of the ion‐transport path in the electrolyte. The performance is closely related to the structure of the fillers and the interaction between fillers and other electrolyte components including polymer matrices and lithium salts. In this review, the dimensional design of fillers in advanced composite solid electrolytes involving 0D–2D nanofillers, and 3D continuous frameworks are focused on. The ion‐transport mechanism and the interaction between fillers and other electrolyte components are highlighted. In addition, sandwich‐structured composite solid electrolytes with fillers are also discussed. Strategies for the design of composite solid electrolytes with high room temperature ionic conductivity are summarized, aiming to assist target‐oriented research for high‐performance composite solid electrolytes.
Synthesizing Cr‐Based Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Metal‐Organic Framework Through On‐Surface Substitution Reaction
Authors: Zhong Weiliang , Zhang Tingfeng , Chen Dan , Su Nuoyu , Miao Guangyao , Guo Jiandong , Chen Long , Wang Zhengfei , Wang Weihua
Published: February 2023

A single‐layer Cr3(HITP)2 (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaiminotriphenylene) conjugated metal‐organic framework (c‐MOF) is synthesized under ultrahigh vacuum conditions by substituting Cr for Ni in Ni3(HITP)2 template. As revealed by low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy, while codeposition of Cr atoms and 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaaminotriphenylene precursors produces irregular branches, crystalline Cr3(HITP)2 frameworks are obtained by depositing Cr atoms to the Ni3(HITP)2 templates. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the binding energy between Cr and HITP ligands is much higher than that for Ni, which hampers the growth of crystalline Cr3(HITP)2 frameworks through direct coordination assembly but makes the substitution reaction energetically favorable. This work demonstrates a new strategy to prepare high‐quality early‐transition‐metal‐based c‐MOFs under ultrahigh vacuum conditions.
Centralized Excited States and Fast Radiation Transitions Reduce Laser Threshold in Carbon Dots
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Wang Lu , Hu Yongsheng , Sui Laizhi , Cheng Liwen , Lu Siyu
Published: February 2023

As a new type of solution‐processed nano‐laser material, carbon dots (CDs) have shown considerable potential in optical communication, laser displays, micro/nano processing, and biomedicine. Reducing the laser threshold of the gain material is of considerable significance for further development of CDs’ applications in the field of micro/nano lasers. A series of blue‐emissive CDs (B‐CDs) are synthesized by changing the molar ratios of the precursors (citric acid (CA): L‐Cysteine (L‐Cys)). B‐CDs have a structure of carbon nanoparticles with their surface being modified with 5‐oxo‐3,5‐dihydro‐2Hthiazolo [3,2‐a]pyridine‐7‐carboxylic acid (TPCA). The laser can only be generated when the molar ratio of the precursors is between 1:1 and 2:1. With an increase in this ratio, the laser threshold decreases from 341.6 to 165.5 mJ cm−2. The decrease in the laser threshold is attributed to the increase in the radiation transition rate and centralized sp3‐related excited state levels, which are favorable for light amplification and population inversion. These results will be instructional for the reasonably design of CDs‐based laser materials and prompt their potential use in practical photonics.
Platinum Drug‐Incorporating Polymeric Nanosystems for Precise Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Xin , Wang Ting , Xiong Fei , Sun Changrui , Yao Xikuang , Huang Wei
Published: February 2023

Platinum (Pt) drugs are widely used in clinic for cancer therapy, but their therapeutic outcomes are significantly compromised by severe side effects and acquired drug resistance. With the emerging immunotherapy and imaging‐guided cancer therapy, precise delivery and release of Pt drugs have drawn great attention these days. The targeting delivery of Pt drugs can greatly increase the accumulation at tumor sites, which ultimately enhances antitumor efficacy. Further, with the combination of Pt drugs and other theranostic agents into one nanosystem, it not only possesses excellent synergistic efficacy but also achieves real‐time monitoring. In this review, after the introduction of Pt drugs and their characteristics, the recent progress of polymeric nanosystems for efficient delivery of Pt drugs is summarized with an emphasis on multi‐modal synergistic therapy and imaging‐guided Pt‐based cancer treatment. In the end, the conclusions and future perspectives of Pt‐encapsulated nanosystems are given.
Recent Progress on Honeycomb Layered Oxides as a Durable Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yao Huan , Li Haoyu , Ke Bingyu , Chu Shiyong , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen
Published: February 2023

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are becoming promising candidates for energy storage devices due to the low cost, abundant reserves, and excellent electrochemical performance. As the most important unit, layered cathodes attract much attention, where honeycomb‐layered‐oxides (HLOs) manifest outstanding structural stability, high redox potential, and long‐life electrochemistry. Here, recent progress on HLOs as well as Na3Ni2SbO6 and Na3Ni2BiO6 as two representative materials are introduced, and the crystal and electronic structure, electrochemical performance, and modification strategies are summarized. The advanced high nickel HLOs are highlighted toward development of state‐of‐the‐art sodium‐ion batteries. This review would deepen the understanding of superstructure in layered oxides, as well as structure–property relationship, and inspire more interest in high output voltage, long lifespan sodium‐ion batteries.
Hybrid Lead‐Free Metal Antimony Oxide Chlorides with Highly Efficient Blue Light Emissions
Authors: Wang Ming‐Feng , Feng Li‐Juan , Lou Hui‐Ru , Wang Ri‐Cheng , Wang Yue , Hu Xiu‐Rui , Feng Ying , Lei Xiao‐Wu , Wang Yu‐Yin
Published: February 2023

Herein, we report two hybrid zero‐dimensional (0D) lead‐free metal oxide halides of [PPip]Sb2Cl6O (1) ([PPip]=1‐(2‐Pyridyl)piperazine) and [PmPip]Sb2Cl6O (2) ([PmPip]=1‐(2‐Pyrimidyl)piperazine). Compounds1and2are able to exhibit narrow blue light emissions excited by UV light with photo‐luminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 25.49 % and 24.71 %, respectively. Through systematical characterizations, these blue light emissions can be attributed to the radiative transition in conjugated organic cations. Benefiting from the highly efficient intrinsic blue emissions, compound2can be used as blue fluorophor to fabricate liquid crystal display. This work provides a new to assembly blue emitter through by virtue of the optical active organic cations in hybrid materials.
Einleitung
Authors: Mäsgen Johanna
Published: February 2023

Die Einleitung beschreibt den bildungspolitischen Wandel, der zur Einführung beziehungsweise funktionalen Umdeutung des Zentralabiturs und zu veränderten Lehrplänen in den deutschen Bundesländern geführt hat. Außerdem wird ein Überblick über den Forschungsstand und Forschungsdesiderate gegeben. Daraufhin wird die Stellung der Arbeit zwischen fachlicher Bildungsforschung, geographiedidaktischer und bildungssoziologischer Forschung erläutert. Das Ziel der Untersuchung wird dann aus einem strukturtheoretischen Verständnis von Profession heraus als das Nachvollziehen verschiedener Möglichkeiten kontingenten Handelns vorgestellt und damit die metatheoretische Rahmung durch die Systemtheorie nach Luhmann begründet. Die forschungsleitende Frage „Wie ist Geographieunterricht angesichts des Zentralabiturs möglich?“ wird anhand von Subfragen präzisiert, denen in zwei Studien – einer quantitativen Analyse der Aufgabenkultur im Zentralabitur und einer qualitativen Interviewstudie zum Lehrer_innenhandeln angesichts des Zentralabiturs – nachgegangen wird. Schließlich werden zentrale Ergebnisse zu den Auswirkungen von Standardisierung und die Gliederung der Arbeit vorgestellt.
Theoretische Konzeption
Authors: Mäsgen Johanna
Published: February 2023

In diesem Kapitel wird der metatheoretische und theoretische Bezugsrahmen der Arbeit gesetzt. Zunächst wird in Abschnitt 2.1 die Frage nach der Möglichkeit von Unterricht entwickelt und systemtheoretisch vorangetrieben, indem das Erziehungssystem als Funktionssystem der Gesellschaft, Unterricht als Interaktionssystem und Schulorganisation als Organisationssystem gefasst werden. Aus diesen Überlegungen werden vier Leitperspektiven für die vorliegende Arbeit abgeleitet und in Abschnitt 2.1 anhand des Forschungsstandes ausgearbeitet: (1) Unterricht als komplexe Interaktionssituation und Prüfungen; (2) Die „falsche Sprache“? Einflüsse von außen; (3) Das Zentralabitur und seine vorgelagerten organisatorischen Regularien als pädagogische Programme – Scheintechnologie als Technologieersatz und (4) Entscheidungen der Schulorganisation und ihr Rationalitätsdefizit. Dabei erfolgt jeweils zunächst eine allgemeine, zweitens eine das Zentralabitur aufgreifende und drittens eine das Fach Geographie betreffende Darstellung. Das Kapitel schließt in Abschnitt 2.3 mit einer Synthese, in der das Zentralabitur im Fach Geographie und seine Auswirkungen als Forschungsgegenstände herausgearbeitet werden.
Forschungsdesign
Authors: Mäsgen Johanna
Published: February 2023

In diesem Kapitel wird die konstruktivistische wissenschaftstheoretische Position und das Forschungsziel Reflexionsimpuls vorgestellt. Außerdem wird die Forschungsmethodik der beiden empirischen Studien erläutert: bei der quantitativen Studie zur Aufgabenkultur die ikmultivariate Verfahren), bei der qualitativen Interviewstudie zum Lehrer_innenhandeln angesichts des Zentralabiturs die Datenerhebung (Fallauswahl, Erhebungsinstrument) und die Datenauswertung angelehnt an die Grounded Theory Methodologie. Schließlich wird die Vorgehensweise in den beiden Studien kritisch reflektiert.
Eigene empirische Perspektiven auf die forschungsleitende Frage: Wie ist Geographieunterricht angesichts des Zentralabiturs möglich?
Authors: Mäsgen Johanna
Published: February 2023

Dieses Kapitel widmet sich den Ergebnissen der beiden empirischen Studien. In Abschnitt 4.1 werden die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Analyse der Aufgabenkultur im Zentralabitur in fünf ausgewählten Bundesländern vorgestellt: eine geringe Standardisierung auf Bundes- und eine stärkere Standardisierung auf Bundesländerebene. Abschnitt 4.2 widmet sich den Ergebnissen der qualitativen Interviewstudie, dem Handeln von Geographielehrer_innen angesichts des Zentralabiturs: zunächst der Bandbreite an Aussagen zum Zusammenspiel von Zentralabitur, Unterricht und unterrichtlichen Klausuren, dann einer Typologie der aktualen Gestaltung von Unterricht angesichts des Zentralabiturs („Gestaltungsarme Routine“, „Sich arrangieren“, „Festtage gestalten“ „Das Gestalten gestalten“ und „Sich reiben“) und schließlich einer Einordnung der analysierten Einzelfälle in die Idealtypologie.
Fazit und Ausblick
Authors: Mäsgen Johanna
Published: February 2023

„Diese Vorbemerkungen versorgen uns mit Schwierigkeiten, von denen wir im Folgenden profitieren wollen“. Diese Arbeit schließt mit drei Einsichten, die entlang dieses Zitates entwickelt werden. Erstens handelt es sich um erste Forschungsergebnisse zum Zentralabitur im Fach Geographie und zum Unterricht angesichts des Zentralabiturs im Fach Geographie („Vorbemerkungen“). Zweitens liefert sie zwar eine vertiefte Problemanalyse („Schwierigkeiten“), aber keine eindeutigen Lösungen. Drittens bietet sie aber Reflexionspotential („profitieren“).
Simply Complete Hom-Lie Superalgebras and Decomposition of Complete Hom-Lie Superalgebras
Authors: Farhangdoost Mohammed Reza , Attari Polsangi Ahmad Reza , Silvestrov Sergei
Published: February 2023

Complete hom-Lie superalgebras are considered and some equivalent conditions for a hom-Lie superalgebra to be a complete hom-Lie superalgebra are established. In particular, the relation between decomposition and completeness for a hom-Lie superalgebra is described. Moreover, some conditions that the linear space of $$\alpha ^{s}$$

α
s

-derivations of a hom-Lie superalgebra to be complete and simply complete are obtained.
MiR-422a promotes adipogenesis via MeCP2 downregulation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Giuliani Angelica , Sabbatinelli Jacopo , Amatori Stefano , Graciotti Laura , Silvestrini Andrea , Matacchione Giulia , Ramini Deborah , Mensà Emanuela , Prattichizzo Francesco , Babini Lucia , Mattiucci Domenico , Busilacchi Elena Marinelli , Bacalini Maria Giulia , Espinosa Emma , Lattanzio Fabrizia , Procopio Antonio Domenico , Olivieri Fabiola , Poloni Antonella , Fanelli Mirco , Rippo Maria Rita
Published: February 2023

Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a ubiquitous transcriptional regulator. The study of this protein has been mainly focused on the central nervous system because alterations of its expression are associated with neurological disorders such as Rett syndrome. However, young patients with Rett syndrome also suffer from osteoporosis, suggesting a role of MeCP2 in the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs), the precursors of osteoblasts and adipocytes. Here, we report an in vitro downregulation of MeCP2 in hBMSCs undergoing adipogenic differentiation (AD) and in adipocytes of human and rat bone marrow tissue samples. This modulation does not depend on MeCP2 DNA methylation nor on mRNA levels but on differentially expressed miRNAs during AD. MiRNA profiling revealed that miR-422a and miR-483-5p are upregulated in hBMSC-derived adipocytes compared to their precursors. MiR-483-5p, but not miR-422a, is also up-regulated in hBMSC-derived osteoblasts, suggesting a specific role of the latter in the adipogenic process. Experimental modulation of intracellular levels of miR-422a and miR-483-5p affected MeCP2 expression through direct interaction with its 3′ UTR elements, and the adipogenic process. Accordingly, the knockdown of MeCP2 in hBMSCs through MeCP2-targeting shRNA lentiviral vectors increased the levels of adipogenesis-related genes. Finally, since adipocytes released a higher amount of miR-422a in culture medium compared to hBMSCs we analyzed the levels of circulating miR-422a in patients with osteoporosis—a condition characterized by increased marrow adiposity—demonstrating that its levels are negatively correlated with T- and Z-scores. Overall, our findings suggest that miR-422a has a role in hBMSC adipogenesis by downregulating MeCP2 and its circulating levels are associated with bone mass loss in primary osteoporosis.
Sensor fusion and the application of artificial intelligence to identify tool wear in turning operations
Authors: Al-Azmi A. , Al-Habaibeh Amin , Abbas Jabbar
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to develop an effective sensor fusion model for turning processes for the detection of tool wear. Fusion of sensors’ data combined with novelty detection algorithm and learning vector quantisation (LVQ) neural networks is used to detect tool wear and present diagnostic and prognostic information. To reduce the number of sensors required in the monitoring system and support sensor fusion, the ASPS approach (Automated Sensor and Signal Processing Selection System) is used to select the most appropriate sensors and signal processing methods for the design of the condition monitoring system. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has demonstrated its efficacy in the implementation of an effective solution for the monitoring tool wear in turning. The results prove that the fusion of sensitive sensory characteristic features and the use of AI methods have been successful for the detection and prediction of the tool wear in turning processes and show the capability of the proposed approach to reduce the complexity of the design of condition monitoring systems and the development of a sensor fusion system using a self-learning method.
A Bloch–Ogus theorem for henselian local rings in mixed characteristic
Authors: Schmidt Johannes , Strunk Florian
Published: February 2023

We show a conditional exactness statement for the Nisnevich Gersten complex associated to an $$\mathbb {A}^1$$

A

1

-invariant cohomology theory with Nisnevich descent for smooth schemes over a Dedekind ring with only infinite residue fields. As an application we derive a Nisnevich analogue of the Bloch–Ogus theorem for étale cohomology over a henselian discrete valuation ring with infinite residue field.
The effect of SSRIs on fear learning: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heesbeen Elise J. , Bijlsma Elisabeth Y. , Verdouw P. Monika , van Lissa Caspar , Hooijmans Carlijn , Groenink Lucianne
Published: February 2023

Rationale

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered first-line medication for anxiety-like disorders such as panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Fear learning plays an important role in the development and treatment of these disorders. Yet, the effect of SSRIs on fear learning are not well known.

Objective

We aimed to systematically review the effect of six clinically effective SSRIs on acquisition, expression, and extinction of cued and contextual conditioned fear.

Methods

We searched the Medline and Embase databases, which yielded 128 articles that met the inclusion criteria and reported on 9 human and 275 animal experiments.

Results

Meta-analysis showed that SSRIs significantly reduced contextual fear expression and facilitated extinction learning to cue. Bayesian-regularized meta-regression further suggested that chronic treatment exerts a stronger anxiolytic effect on cued fear expression than acute treatment. Type of SSRI, species, disease-induction model, and type of anxiety test used did not seem to moderate the effect of SSRIs. The number of studies was relatively small, the level of heterogeneity was high, and publication bias has likely occurred which may have resulted in an overestimation of the overall effect sizes.

Conclusions

This review suggests that the efficacy of SSRIs may be related to their effects on contextual fear expression and extinction to cue, rather than fear acquisition. However, these effects of SSRIs may be due to a more general inhibition of fear-related emotions. Therefore, additional meta-analyses on the effects of SSRIs on unconditioned fear responses may provide further insight into the actions of SSRIs.
MRI for collateral assessment pre-thrombectomy and association with outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abousrafa Sarah Emhemed , Mair Grant
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Various neuroimaging methods exist to assess the collateral circulation in stroke patients but much of the evidence is based on computed tomography. Our aim was to review the evidence for using magnetic resonance imaging for collateral status evaluation pre-thrombectomy and assess the impact of these methods on functional independence.

Methods

We systematically reviewed EMBASE and MEDLINE for studies that evaluated baseline collaterals using MRI pre-thrombectomy and conducted a meta-analysis to express the relationship between good collaterals (defined variably as the presence [good] vs absence [poor] or quality [ordinal scores binarized as good-moderate vs poor] of collaterals) and functional independence (modified Rankin score mRS≤2) at 90 days. Outcome data were presented as relative risk (RR, 95% confidence interval, 95%CI). We assessed for study heterogeneity, publication bias, and conducted subgroup analyses of different MRI methods and affected arterial territories.

Results

From 497 studies identified, we included 24 (1957 patients) for the qualitative synthesis, and 6 (479 patients) for the metanalysis. Good pre-thrombectomy collaterals were significantly associated with favorable outcome at 90 days (RR=1.91, 95%CI=1.36–2.68], p= 0.0002) with no difference between MRI methods and affected arterial territory subgroups. There was no evidence of statistical heterogeneity (I2=25%) among studies but there was evidence of publication bias.

Conclusion

In stroke patients treated with thrombectomy, good pre-treatment collaterals assessed using MRI are associated with double the rate of functional independence. However, we found evidence that relevant MR methods are heterogenous and under-reported. Greater standardization and clinical validation of MRI for collateral evaluation pre-thrombectomy are required.
Characterization of the salivary microbiome before and after antibiotic therapy via separation technique
Authors: Pauter-Iwicka Katarzyna , Railean Viorica , Złoch Michał , Pomastowski Paweł , Szultka-Młyńska Małgorzata , Błońska Dominika , Kupczyk Wojciech , Buszewski Bogusław
Published: February 2023

In the present research, the MALDI-TOF MS technique was applied as a tool to rapidly identify the salivary microbiome. In this fact, it has been monitored the changes occurred in molecular profiles under different antibiotic therapy. Significant changes in the composition of the salivary microbiota were noticed not only in relation to the non antibiotic (non-AT) and antibiotic treatment (AT) groups, but also to the used media, the antibiotic therapy and co-existed microbiota. Each antibiotic generates specific changes in molecular profiles. The highest number of bacterial species was isolated in the universal culture medium (72%) followed by the selective medium (48% and 38%). In the case of non-AT patients, the prevalence of Streptococcus salivarius (25%), Streptococcus vestibularis (19%), Streptococcus oralis (13%), and Staphylococcus aureus (6%) was identified while in the case of AT, Streptococcus salivarius (11%), Streptococcus parasanguinis (11%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (12%), Enterococcus faecalis (9%), Staphylococcus hominis (8%), and Candida albicans (6%) were identified. Notable to specified that the Candida albicans was noticed only in AT samples, indicating a negative impact on the antibiotic therapy.

The accuracy of the MALDI-TOF MS technique was performed by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis—as a reference method. Conclusively, such an approach highlighted in the present study can help in developing the methods enabling a faster diagnosis of disease changes at the cellular level before clinical changes occur. Once the MALDI tool allows for the distinguishing of the microbiota of non-AT and AT, it may enable to monitor the diseases treatment and develop a treatment regimen for individual patients in relation to each antibiotic.

Key points

The salivary microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients was more bacteria variety

MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool for recording of reproducible molecular profiles

Our data can allow to monitor the treatment of bacterial diseases for patients
A systematic review of the potential effects of medications and drugs of abuse on dopamine transporter imaging using [123I]I-FP-CIT SPECT in routine practice
Authors: Chahid Youssef , Sheikh Zulfiqar H. , Mitropoulos Max , Booij Jan
Published: February 2023

Purpose

In routine practice, dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging is frequently used as a diagnostic tool to support the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. In 2008, we published a review on which medications and drugs of abuse may influence striatal [123I]I-FP-CIT binding and consequently may influence the visual read of an [123I]I-FP-CIT SPECT scan. We made recommendations on which drugs should be withdrawn before performing DAT imaging in routine practice. Here, we provide an update of the original work based on published research since 2008.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of literature without language restriction from January 2008 until November 2022 to evaluate the possible effects of medications and drugs of abuse, including the use of tobacco and alcohol, on striatal DAT binding in humans.

Results

The systematic literature search identified 838 unique publications, of which 44 clinical studies were selected. Using this approach, we found additional evidence to support our original recommendations as well as some new findings on potential effect of other medications on striatal DAT binding. Consequently, we updated the list of medications and drugs of abuse that may influence the visual read of [123I]I-FP-CIT SPECT scans in routine clinical practice.

Conclusion

We expect that a timely withdrawal of these medications and drugs of abuse before DAT imaging may reduce the incidence of false-positive reporting. Nevertheless, the decision to withdraw any medication must be made by the specialist in charge of the patient’s care and considering the pros and cons of doing so.
Do Resident Coaching Programs Benefit their Coaches? Impact of a Professional Development Coaching Program on The Coaches
Authors: Merrill Andrea L. , Stein Sharon L. , Chu Jacqueline T. , Sarode Anuja L. , McKinley Sophia K. , Parangi Sareh , Donelan Karen , Palamara Kerri
Published: February 2023

Background

Coaching has been shown to decrease physician burnout; however, coachee outcomes have been the focus. We report the impact of coaching on women‐identifying surgeons who participated as coaches in a 9‐month virtual program.

Methods

A coaching program was implemented in the Association of Women Surgeons (AWS) to determine the effects of coaching on well‐being and burnout from 2018 to 2020. AWS members volunteered and completed training in professional development coaching. Pre‐ and post‐study measures were assessed, and bivariate analysis performed based on burnout and professional fulfillment score.

Results

Seventy‐five coaches participated; 57 completed both pre‐ and post‐study surveys. There were no significant changes in burnout or professional fulfillment including the Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationship, Meaning, and Accomplishment scale, hardiness, self‐valuation, coping, gratitude, or intolerance of uncertainty scores from baseline to post‐survey. On bivariate analysis, hardiness was associated with lower burnout throughout the duration of the program. Coaches with lower burnout at the end of the program met with their coachee more frequently than coaches with higher burnout [mean (SD) 3.95(2.16) versus 2.35(2.13) p = 0.0099].

Discussion

Burnout and professional fulfillment demonstrated no change in women surgeons who participated as professional development coaches. Those with lower burnout and higher professional fulfillment at the end of the program were found to have higher hardiness, which may be worth future investigation.

Conclusions

Acquisition of coaching skills did not directly improve well‐being in faculty who participated in a resident coaching program. Future studies would benefit from control groups and exploration of qualitative benefits of coaching.
The relation of whole grain surrogate estimates and food definition to total whole grain intake in the Finnish adult population
Authors: Tammi Rilla , Männistö Satu , Reinivuo Heli , Tapanainen Heli , Rautanen Jenna , Kaartinen Niina E.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Challenges in estimating total whole grain intake have led to the use of surrogate estimates, of which accuracy has not been assessed. We examined the suitability of five potential surrogates (dietary fiber; bread; rye bread; rye, oat and barley combined; rye) and a whole grain food definition to measure total whole grain intake in the Finnish adult population.

Methods

Our data comprised 5094 Finnish adults participating in the national FinHealth 2017 Study. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated FFQ. Food and nutrient intakes, including total whole grain, were calculated utilizing the Finnish Food Composition Database. The Healthgrain Forum whole grain food definition was applied to examine definition-based whole grain intake. Spearman correlations and quintile cross-classifications were calculated.

Results

Definition-based whole grain intake and consumption of rye, oat and barley combined had consistently the strongest correspondence with total whole grain intake. Rye and rye bread consumption also corresponded well with total whole grain intake. The correspondences of dietary fiber and bread with total whole grain were lower and more affected by the exclusion of energy under-reporters. Furthermore, their correlations with total whole grain intake varied the most between population subgroups.

Conclusions

Rye-based estimates, especially rye, oat and barley combined, and definition-based whole grain intake appeared suitable surrogate estimates of total whole grain intake for epidemiological research of Finnish adults. The variation between surrogate estimates in their correspondence with total whole grain intake demonstrated the need for further evaluation of their accuracy in different populations and regarding specific health outcomes.