bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A robust approach for identifying differentially abundant features in metagenomic samples
Authors: Sohn Michael B. , Du Ruofei , An Lingling
Published: March 2015

Motivation: The analysis of differential abundance for features (e.g. species or genes) can provide us with a better understanding of microbial communities, thus increasing our comprehension and understanding of the behaviors of microbial communities. However, it could also mislead us about the characteristics of microbial communities if the abundances or counts of features on different scales are not properly normalized within and between communities, prior to the analysis of differential abundance. Normalization methods used in the differential analysis typically try to adjust counts on different scales to a common scale using the total sum, mean or median of representative features across all samples. These methods often yield undesirable results when the difference in total counts of differentially abundant features (DAFs) across different conditions is large.

Results: We develop a novel method, Ratio Approach for Identifying Differential Abundance (RAIDA), which utilizes the ratio between features in a modified zero-inflated lognormal model. RAIDA removes possible problems associated with counts on different scales within and between conditions. As a result, its performance is not affected by the amount of difference in total abundances of DAFs across different conditions. Through comprehensive simulation studies, the performance of our method is consistently powerful, and under some situations, RAIDA greatly surpasses other existing methods. We also apply RAIDA on real datasets of type II diabetes and find interesting results consistent with previous reports.

Availability and implementation: An R package for RAIDA can be accessed from http://cals.arizona.edu/%7Eanling/sbg/software.htm.

Contact:  anling@email.arizona.edu

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Biodiversity baseline for large marine ecosystems: an example from the Barents Sea
Authors: Certain Grégoire , Planque Benjamin
Published: March 2015

Biodiversity is an increasingly important issue for the management of marine ecosystems. However, the proliferation of biodiversity indices and difficulties associated with their interpretation have resulted in a lack of clearly defined framework for quantifying biodiversity and biodiversity changes in marine ecosystems for assessment purpose. Recent theoretical and numerical developments in biodiversity statistics have established clear algebraic relationships between most of the diversity measures commonly used, and have highlighted those that most directly relates to the concept of biological diversity, terming them “true” diversity measures. In this study, we implement the calculation of these “true” diversity measures at the scale of a large-marine ecosystem, the Barents Sea. We applied hierarchical partitioning of biodiversity to an extensive dataset encompassing 10 years of trawl-surveys for both pelagic and demersal fish community. We quantify biodiversity and biodiversity changes for these two communities across the whole continental shelf of the Barents Sea at various spatial and temporal scales, explicitly identifying areas where fish communities are stable and variable. The method is used to disentangle areas where community composition is subject to random fluctuations from areas where the fish community is drifting over time. We discuss how our results can serve as a spatio-temporal biodiversity baseline against which new biodiversity estimates, derived from sea surveys, can be evaluated.
Percutaneous Kyphoplasty for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures With Intravertebral Fluid or Air
Authors: Niu Junjie , Song Dawei , Zhou Haifei , Meng Qian , Meng Bin , Yang Huilin
Published: March 2015

Study Design:

A retrospective comparative study.

Objective:

To compare the characteristics of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) with intravertebral fluid (IVF) and those with intravertebral air (IVA), and the efficacy of percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating OVFs with these 2 different intravertebral components.

Summary of Background Data:

Previous studies have focused on the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and PKP in treating OVFs with intravertebral cleft. However, no prior studies investigated the impact of the different components of cleft on the therapeutic effect of PVP or PKP.

Methods:

On the basis of the presence of IVF or IVA signal on preoperative MR images, 22 patients were classified into IVF group and 13 patients into IVA group. The characteristics of patients with IVF and those with IVA were compared. The anterior and middle heights of the involved vertebrae, the kyphotic angles, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were recorded preoperatively, 1 day after surgery, and at last follow-up.

Results:

Severe collapse of involved vertebrae (P=0.024) and the gap appearance of clefts (P=0.004) were significantly more common in IVA group than in IVF group. The vertebral heights, the local kyphotic angles, the VAS, and ODI scores were all significantly improved after PKP in both groups. However, the vertebral height restoration and kyphotic deformity correction were more significant in IVF group than in IVA group (P<0.001). No significant differences regarding VAS and ODI scores were detected between the 2 groups at each follow-up time.

Conclusions:

PKP is an effective treatment strategy for both OVFs with IVF and with IVA, whereas vertebral height restoration and kyphotic deformity correction are much more significant in vertebrae with IVF. Presence of IVA without fluid filling-in on MR images may indicate an advanced stage of intravertebral osteonecrosis.
Intraorbital Irrigation of Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis
Authors: Joos Zachary P. , Patel Bhupendra C. K.
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study was to describe a modified technique of intraorbital irrigation of amphotericin B in the treatment of rhino-orbital mucormycosis. A 38-year-old man was diagnosed with rhino-orbital mucormycosis and subsequently underwent orbital and sinus debridement with postoperative intraorbital irrigation of amphotericin B. Daily irrigation of amphotericin B was infused in the orbit with measures taken to avoid iatrogenic toxicity to the ocular surface and gastrointestinal tract. The use of local amphotericin B irrigation directly in the orbit allowed for local control of infection without orbital exenteration, a good cosmetic outcome and excellent postoperative visual acuity. The published reports on the use of intraorbital irrigation with amphotericin B in mucormycosis infections were reviewed and the technique used at the institution was outlined.
Pigmented Caruncular Apocrine Hidrocystoma With Oncocytic Features
Authors: Jakobiec Frederick A. , Stagner Anna M. , Colby Kathryn A.
Published: March 2015

An unprecedented pigmented caruncular apocrine hidrocystoma with the additional feature of an oncocytic transformation of the cyst’s lining cells is reported. Over a year, a 79-year-old woman developed a centrally pigmented lesion of her right caruncle with translucent borders. Because of concern about a melanoma, a carunculectomy with adjunctive cryotherapy and placement of an amniotic membrane graft were performed, and the excised specimen was evaluated microscopically. A large cyst dominated the caruncle and was lined by an inner layer of columnar eosinophilic and granular cells with an outer, interrupted layer of flattened myoepithelial cells. Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin staining disclosed myriad cytoplasmic, dot-like mitochondria signifying an oncocytic change. Immunohistochemistry revealed gross cystic fluid disease protein-15 and cytokeratin 7-positivity indicative of apocrine differentiation. Oncocytic change is characteristically encountered in lacrimal ductal cysts and tumors.
Aestuariivivens insulae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
Authors: Park Sooyeon , Park Ji-Min , Kang Chul-Hyung , Yoon Jung-Hoon
Published: March 2015

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated AH-MY3T, was isolated from a tidal flat on Aphae island of the south-western sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain AH-MY3T grew optimally at 35 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0  % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AH-MY3T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Yeosuana aromativorans, Snuella lapsa and Meridianimaribacter flavus, showing sequence similarities of 93.9, 93.7 and 92.6  %, respectively. Strain AH-MY3T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.0–94.7  % to the type strains of ‘Aestuariibaculum scopimerae’, Winogradskyella aquimaris, Winogradskyella poriferorum and Gaetbulibacter aestuarii. Strain AH-MY3T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain AH-MY3T could be distinguished from those of the type strains of phylogenetically related taxa. The DNA G+C content of strain AH-MY3T was 37 mol%. The phylogenetic data and differential chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain AH-MY3T represents a novel genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Aestuariivivens insulae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aestuariivivens insulae is AH-MY3T ( = KCTC 42350T = NBRC 110723T).
Ogataea mangiferae sp. nov., a methylotrophic yeast isolated from mango leaves
Authors: Santos Ana Raquel O. , Faria Elisa S. , Lachance Marc-André , Rosa Carlos A.
Published: March 2015

Five strains of a novel methanol-assimilating yeast species were isolated from mango (Mangifera indica) leaves collected at the campus of the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of the rRNA gene showed that this species belongs to the Ogataea clade and is related to O. allantospora, O. chonburiensis, O. dorogensis, O. kodamae, O. paradorogensis and Candida xyloterini (Ogataea clade). The novel species differs in the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of the rRNA gene by 12 to 40 substitutions from these Ogataea species. The name Ogataea mangiferae sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species. The type strain of Ogataea mangiferae sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y253T ( = CBS 13492T). The Mycobank number is MB 811646.
Marivita lacus sp. nov., isolated from a saline lake
Authors: Zhong Zhi-Ping , Liu Ying , Hou Ting-Ting , Liu Hong-Can , Zhou Yu-Guang , Wang Fang , Liu Zhi-Pei
Published: March 2015

A Gram-staining-negative, strictly heterotrophic and aerobic bacterium, strain TS-T44T, was isolated from a saline lake, Tuosu Lake in Qaidam basin, Qinghai province, China. Its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain TS-T44T were non-endospore-forming, non-motile rods, 0.8–1.2 μm wide and 1.2–3.0 μm long. Catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth occurred in the presence of up to 8  % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0  %) and at 15–35 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 7.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.5–8.5). C18 : 1ω7c was the predominant fatty acid. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content was 65.5 mol% [determined from the melting temperature (Tm)]. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TS-T44T was associated with the genus Marivita and showed highest sequence similarity to Marivita cryptomonadis CL-SK44T (97.7  %), Marivita litorea CL-JM1T (97.5  %) and Marivita geojedonensis DPG-138T (97.3  %), and < 97  % to other species. DNA–DNA relatedness of strain TS-T44T to M. cryptomonadis JCM 15447T, M. litorea JCM 15446T and M. geojedonensis KCTC 23882T was 23 ± 3  %, 33 ± 4  % and 35 ± 2  %, respectively. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that strain TS-T44T represents a novel species of the genus Marivita, for which the name Marivita lacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TS-T44T ( = CGMCC 1.12478T = JCM 19516T).
Mapping the Conformational Landscape of a Dynamic Enzyme by Multitemperature and XFEL Crystallography
Authors: Keedy Daniel A. , Kenner Lillian R. , Warkentin Matthew , Woldeyes Rahel A. , Hopkins Jesse B. , Thompson Michael C. , Brewster Aaron S. , Van Benschoten Andrew H. , Baxter Elizabeth L. , Uervirojnangkoorn Monarin , McPhillps Scott E. , Song Jinhu , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Holton James M. , Weis William I. , Brunger Axel T. , Michael Soltis S. , Lemke Henrik , Gonzalez Ana , Sauter Nicholas K. , Cohen Aina E. , den Bedem Henry van , Thorne Robert E. , Fraser James S.
Published: March 2015

Determining the interconverting conformations of dynamic proteins in atomic detail is a major challenge for structural biology. Conformational heterogeneity in the active site of the dynamic enzyme cyclophilin A (CypA) has been previously linked to its catalytic function, but the extent to which the different conformations of these residues are correlated is unclear. Here we compare the conformational ensembles of CypA by multitemperature synchrotron crystallography and fixed-target X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) crystallography. The “diffraction-before-destruction” nature of XFEL experiments provides a radiation-damage-free view of the functionally important alternative conformations of CypA, confirming earlier synchrotron-based results. We monitored the temperature dependences of these alternative conformations with eight synchrotron datasets spanning 100-310 K. Multiconformer models show that many alternative conformations in CypA are populated only at 240 K and above, yet others remain populated or become populated at 180 K and below. These results point to a complex evolution of conformational heterogeneity between 180-240 K that involves both thermal deactivation and solvent-driven arrest of protein motions in the crystal. The lack of a single shared conformational response to temperature within the dynamic active-site network provides evidence for a conformation shuffling model, in which exchange between rotamer states for a large aromatic ring in the middle of the network shifts the conformational ensemble for the other residues in the network. Together, our multitemperature analyses and XFEL data motivate a new generation of temperature- and time-resolved experiments to structurally characterize the dynamic underpinnings of protein function.
Evidence for widespread subfunctionalization of splice forms in vertebrate genomes
Authors: Lambert Matthew J. , Cochran Wayne O. , Wilde Brandon M. , Olsen Kyle G. , Cooper Cynthia D.
Published: March 2015

Gene duplication and alternative splicing are important sources of proteomic diversity. Despite research indicating that gene duplication and alternative splicing are negatively correlated, the evolutionary relationship between the two remains unclear. One manner in which alternative splicing and gene duplication may be related is through the process of subfunctionalization, in which an alternatively spliced gene upon duplication divides distinct splice isoforms among the newly generated daughter genes, in this way reducing the number of alternatively spliced transcripts duplicate genes produce. Previously, it has been shown that splice form subfunctionalization will result in duplicate pairs with divergent exon structure when distinct isoforms become fixed in each paralog. However, the effects of exon structure divergence between paralogs have never before been studied on a genome-wide scale. Here, using genomic data from human, mouse, and zebrafish, we demonstrate that gene duplication followed by exon structure divergence between paralogs results in a significant reduction in levels of alternative splicing. In addition, by comparing the exon structure of zebrafish duplicates to the co-orthologous human gene, we have demonstrated that a considerable fraction of exon divergent duplicates maintain the structural signature of splice form subfunctionalization. Furthermore, we find that paralogs with divergent exon structure demonstrate reduced breadth of expression in a variety of tissues when compared to paralogs with identical exon structures and singletons. Taken together, our results are consistent with subfunctionalization partitioning alternatively spliced isoforms among duplicate genes and as such highlight the relationship between gene duplication and alternative splicing.
Second harmonic generation from the `centrosymmetric' crystals
Authors: Nalla Venkatram , Medishetty Raghavender , Wang Yue , Bai Zhaozhi , Sun Handong , Wei Ji. , Vittal Jagadese J.
Published: March 2015

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a well known non-linear optical phenomena which can be observed only in non-centrosymmetric crystals due to non-zero hyperpolarizability. In the current work we observed SHG from a Zn(II) complex which was originally thought to have crystallized in the centrosymmetric space groupC2/c. This has been attributed to the unequal antiparallel packing of the metal complexes in the non-symmetric space groupCcor residual non-centrosymmetry inC2/cgiving rise to polarizability leading to strong SHG. The enhancement of SHG by UV light has been attributed to the increase in non-centrosymmetry and hence polarity of packing due to strain induced in the crystals. The SHG signals measured from these crystals were as large as potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals, KH2PO4(KDP), and showed temperature dependence. The highest SHG efficiency was observed at 50 K. The SHG phenomenon was observed at broad wavelengths ranging from visible to below-red in these crystals.
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of AerF fromMicrocystis aeruginosa, a putative reductase participating in aeruginosin biosynthesis
Authors: Ding Ruyi , Xu Cui , Chen Xu , Bao Mengyun , Qiu Xiaoting
Published: March 2015

The 2-carboxy-6-hydroxyoctahydroindole moiety is an essential residue for the antithrombotic activity of aeruginosins, which are a class of cyanobacteria-derived bioactive linear tetrapeptides. The biosynthetic pathway of the 2-carboxy-6-hydroxyoctahydroindole moiety has not yet been resolved. AerF was indicated to be involved in the biosynthesis of the 2-carboxy-6-hydroxyoctahydroindole moiety. This study reports the cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of AerF fromMicrocystis aeruginosawith a C-terminal His6tag. The crystal diffracted to a maximum resolution of 1.38 Å and belonged to the tetragonal space groupP4322, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 101.581,c= 116.094 Å. The calculated Matthews coefficient and solvent content of the crystal were 2.47 Å3 Da−1and 50.32%, respectively. The initial model of the structure was obtained by the molecular-replacement method and refinement of the structure is in progress.
Crystal structure of μ-oxido-1,1′κ2O:O-bis{tetra-μ-oxido-1:2κ2O:O;1:3κ2O:O;2:3κ4O:O-tris[1,2,3(η5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl]-trianglo-trititanium(IV)}
Authors: Pérez-Redondo Adrián , Martín Avelino
Published: March 2015

The title polynuclear organometallic titanium(IV) oxide, [{Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ-O)4}2(μ-O)], exhibits two Ti3O4cores bridged by an O atom located on a twofold axis. All metal centres present the typical three-legged piano-stool coordination environment, where one site is occupied by a pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand linked in an η5-coordination fashion, while three bridging O atoms fill the other three sites.
Crystal structure of 1-benzylsulfonyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline
Authors: Jeyaseelan S. , Sowmya B. R. , Venkateshappa G. , Raghavendra Kumar P. , Palakshamurthy B. S.
Published: March 2015

In the title compound, C16H17NO2S, the heterocyclic ring adopts a half-chair conformation and the bond-angle sum at the N atom is 354.6°. The dihedral angle between the planes of the aromatic rings is 74.15 (10)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, generatingC(8) andC(4) chains propagating along [100] and [010], respectively, which together generate (001) sheets.
Crystal structure of (2E,3E)-N2,N3-bis(3-ethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)butane-2,3-diimine
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yuan Jianchao , Zhao Jie , Zhao Shenglan
Published: March 2015

In the title compound, C32H32N2, synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2-ethyl-4-phenylaniline and 2,3-butanedione, the conformation about the C=N bonds isEand the substituted biphenyl units aretransto one another. In the two biphenyl ring systems, the planes of the two rings are inclined to one another by 25.25 (19) and 28.01 (19)°. The planes of the ethyl-substituted benzene rings are inclined to one another by 20.23 (19)° and to the mean plane of the butane-2,3-diimine unit [maximum deviation = 0.014 (4) Å] by 83.19 (19) and 63.38 (19)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...π interactions, forming sheets lying parallel to (101).
Crystal structure of (E)-2-{[(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)imino]methyl}phenol
Authors: Hijji Yousef , Barare Belygona , Wairia Gilbert , Butcher Ray J. , Wikaira Jan
Published: March 2015

The title compound, C15H12N2O2S, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupPna21, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit (Z′ = 2). Each molecule consists of a 2-hydroxy Schiff base moiety linked through a spacer to a 2-aminobenzothiazole moiety. Each molecule contains an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the –OH group and imine N atom, forming a six-membered ring. The two independent molecules are linked by a pair of C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers with anR22(20) ring motif. These dimers are further lined into sheets in theabplane by weak intermolecular C—H...N interactions. The structure was refined as an inversion twin
Crystal structure of 2,2-dimethyl-N-(pyridin-3-yl)propanamide
Authors: El-Hiti Gamal A. , Smith Keith , Hegazy Amany S. , Alanazi Saud A. , Kariuki Benson M.
Published: March 2015

In the title compound, C10H14N2O, the pyridine ring is inclined to the mean plane of the amide moiety [N—C(=O)C] by 17.60 (8)°. There is an intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond present involving the carbonyl O atom. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaN—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [100]. Thetert-butyl group is disordered over two sets of sites with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.758 (12):0.242 (12).
Is China transmuting to fast overtake the USA in innovation?
Authors: Li Weibao , Wu Weiwei , Yu Bo , Foo Check-Teck
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to argue for a China transmuting to fast overtake USA in innovation based on the extrapolation of past statistical trend. Case studies in self and co-innovation are provided so that the documentation of the dynamics of knowledge flows and a brain-linguistic explanation is given as to why, in the future, the Chinese are likely to lead in innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper illustrates a multi-method approach in research forChinese Management Studies. First, the sociological background of China is highlighted (Mao Zedong’s aphorism). Second, insights from OECD patent database are utilized. Third, the use of comparative research and development case-studies: self-innovation (Chinese) and co-innovation (contrasting Japanese versus French cooperation with Chinese). Fourth, is the inter-disciplinarily approach wherein the assimilating of knowledge is related to recent advances in brain research. Fifth, emphasizing the different levels in organizing for innovation: national (China), organizational (SOE), group processes and person-to-person, synapses within individual brains.

Findings

– Statistical trend suggests that China is transforming and is on the path toward overtaking the USA in innovation. When will this happen? Using extrapolation as an indication, China may surpass the USA by the 50 per cent mark within the next decade. Insights into the processes of self-innovation and co-innovation are provided. Authors argue for a brain-linguistic explanation (Hebb, 1949) for further understanding why China will eventually leadceteris paribusinnovation, a function of the human brain.

Originality/value

– This paper highlights on the basis of statistical trends (using OECD database) a rising, innovative China that is poised to overtake the USA in the near future. A major contribution is in providing insights of interactional processes required to foster innovation: self and co-innovation (comparing Japanese and French). The critical brain-linguistic role as the rationale as to why the Chinese are given a greater, more developed brain power that will eventually surpass the West in innovation.
Association between leadership style and decision making style in Indian organisations
Authors: Verma Neha , Bhat Aruna B. , Rangnekar S. , Barua M. K.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to study the leadership style (LS) and decision-making style (DMS) of Indian manufacturing executives, and to explore the association between the LS and DMS.

Design/methodology/approach

– For this study the sample was drawn from Indian manufacturing organisations’ executives from both public and private sectors. The respondents were lower, middle and senior levels executives involved in leadership and decision-making functions. Correlation, regression and ANOVA were used to pursue the research questions.

Findings

– Indian manufacturing executives have shown highest rational and least avoidant in their DMSs. Transformational (TFM) leaders are found rational, while the transactional (TSL) leaders are observed to be rational and dependent. Laissez faire style has correlation with avoidant decision making and interactive dependent and avoidant styles.

Research limitations/implications

– The study is a cross sectional research with limitations of self-serving bias and common method variance. However, this limitation has been dealt with a statistical test.

Practical implications

– The study bears significant implications for Indian executives who are working on LSs and decision making. It also provides the details of decision-making behaviours of the manufacturing executives thereby suggesting the associated benefits and drawbacks of particular styles.

Originality/value

– This paper contributes to leadership and decision-making literature. In the recent times, no such study in Indian manufacturing context have been reported. Moreover there are few contrasting and contributing findings in this research.
Imagining what underlies corporate sustainability
Authors: Ahern Geoffrey Maurice
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the range and depth of sustainability issues at their points of impact with company experience, and to pilot an illustration of how they could be imaginatively yet critically approached for management development purposes.

Design/methodology/approach

– Citing and making sense of a variety of seminal or otherwise relevant sources in order to illustrate an imaginative yet critical approach to sustainability. This is a pilot demonstration to stimulate discussion and to help individuals develop their own sense making.

Findings

– The need to allow space and time for reflection on the depth and breadth of sustainability approaches in order to enable personal understanding leading to wise action.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper discusses planetary sustainability yet is confined to mainly Anglophone sources. Some of the latent environmental thought forms discussed, e.g. doom, may be largely restricted to them.

Practical implications

– Divergent evaluations of trans-disciplinary, critical sustainability approaches are necessary for the longer-term development of motivation within companies.

Originality/value

– This appears to be the first attempted trans-disciplinary yet critical business studies approach to sustainability at its points of impact with corporate operations. It aims to contribute to a new kind of management development path.
The contribution of academic scholarship to management development
Authors: Ross Catharine Mary , Robinson Laurie , Francis-Smythe Jan
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of academic scholarship on the development and practice of experienced managers.

Design/methodology/approach

– Semi-structured interviews with experienced managers, modelled on the critical incident technique. “Intertextuality” and framework analysis technique are used to examine whether the use of academic scholarship is a sub-conscious phenomenon.

Findings

– Experienced managers make little direct use of academic scholarship, using it only occasionally to provide retrospective confirmation of decisions or a technique they can apply. However, academic scholarship informs their practice in an indirect way, their understanding of the “gist” of scholarship comprising one of many sources which they synthesise and evaluate as part of their development process.

Practical implications

– Managers and management development practitioners should focus upon developing skills of synthesising the “gist” of academic scholarship with other sources of data, rather than upon the detailed remembering, understanding and application of specific scholarship, and upon finding/providing the time and space for that “gisting” and synthesis to take place.

Originality/value

– The paper addresses contemporary concerns about the appropriateness of the material delivered on management education programmes for management development. It is original in doing this from the perspective of experienced managers, and in using intertextual analysis to reveal not only the direct but also the indirect uses of they make of such scholarship. The finding of the importance of understanding the “gist” rather than the detail of academic scholarship represents a key conceptual innovation.
The role of power conceptions when choosing a host city
Authors: Gherra Sandrine , Lassalle Frédéric
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– International sport competitions continue to attract a high number of spectators and the potential political, community building and financial payoffs are such that the competition to become a host city is often fierce. France has several attractive cities with all of the resources required to host these events, but they have repeatedly failed (Summer Olympic Games 2008 and 2012, Winter Olympic Games 2018, etc.). Most of the studies that have explored these failures have done so from a resource-based view. But when a city has all the required resources, what other factors may have been decisive? Could a misfit in the conception of power during the negotiation process explain it? The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– We looked at the specific failure of Marseille to host the 2007 America’s Cup and focused particularly on the conceptions of power held, respectively by Marseille representatives and the committee in charge of choosing the host city. In line with French qualitative methods we performed a single case study based on discourse analysis (23 interviews with the involved parties and 22 outside experts) to analyze the sources of power that Marseille and America’s Cup Management (ACM) had.

Findings

– The authors found that Marseille and ACM had different sources of power. According to Weber’s categories, Marseille had an “Organization” source of power: “it’s is a structure and an organization that implies specific rules” and ACM had a “Property” source of power: “it’s a commercial structure that has ownership rights to this very special event.” Analysis of the interviews reveals that points of disagreement reflected differing conceptions of power, which suggests new perspectives for future research in the context of failed negotiations in sports.

Originality/value

– Analyzing failure from another angle that the classical resource-based view: having the right resources is no longer enough; cities have to have the winning strategy.
Radiation‐induced skin ulcer and rib fractures following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): A case of right back skin ulcer and adjacent rib fractures after single PCI
Authors: Yasukochi Yumi , Nakahara Takeshi , Koike Akihiro , Ichikawa Ryutaro , Koga Tetsuya , Furue Masutaka
Published: March 2015

We experienced a 75‐year‐old male patient with a refractory and severely painful skin ulcer on the right back. He had suffered from ischemic heart disease and undergone percutaneous coronary intervention 5 months prior to the consultation with us. The characteristic clinical appearance, location of the lesion and his past medical history led us to the diagnosis of radiation‐induced skin ulcer. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography as well as bone scintigraphy showed fractures of the right back rib adjacent to the ulcer, which was thought to be attributable to bone damage due to X‐ray radiation and/or persistent secondary inflammation of the chronic ulcer. In the published work, there are no other reports of bone fractures associated with radiation dermatitis after coronary interventional radiology.
Home Ownership, Household Leverage and Hyperbolic Discounting
Authors: Ghent Andra
Published: March 2015

I examine tenure and mortgage choice in an equilibrium model in which households make decisions as if they discount hyperbolically rather than exponentially. Overall, hyperbolic discounting does not seem to explain the high rates of home ownership or portfolio concentration in housing in the data. I then study the choice between mortgages that require a substantial down payment and mortgages that require no down payment. Allowing households access to no‐down‐payment mortgages exacerbates rather than mitigates the undersaving of hyperbolic discounters. However, even when households discount hyperbolically, welfare is higher when households have access to no‐down‐payment mortgages.
Olfactory response of Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae) to guava and sweet orange volatiles
Authors: Diaz‐Santiz Edvin , Rojas Julio C. , Cruz‐López Leopoldo , Hernández Emilio , Malo Edi A.
Published: March 2015

The behavioral responses of virgin and mated female Anastrepha striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) to guava (Psidium guajava L.) or sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) were evaluated separately using multilure traps in two‐choice tests in field cages. The results showed that flies were more attracted to guava and sweet orange volatiles than to control (unbaited trap). The physiological state (virgin or mated) of females did not affect their attraction to the fruit volatiles. Combined analysis of gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography (GC‐EAD) of volatile extracts of both fruits showed that 1 and 6 compounds from orange and guava, respectively elicited repeatable antennal responses from mated females. The EAD active compounds in guava volatile extracts were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) as ethyl butyrate, (Z)‐3‐hexenol, hexanol, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate, and ethyl octanoate. Linalool was identified as the only antennal active compound in sweet orange extracts. In field cage tests, there were no significant differences between the number of mated flies captured by the traps baited with guava extracts and the number caught by traps baited with the 6‐component blend that was formulated according to the relative proportions in the guava extracts. Similar results occurred when synthetic linalool was evaluated against orange extracts. From a practical point of view, the compounds identified in this study could be used for monitoring A. striata populations.
Development of a Nutrition Care Process implementation package for hospital dietetic departments
Authors: Porter Jane M. , Devine Amanda , Vivanti Angela , Ferguson Maree , O'Sullivan Therese A.
Published: March 2015

Aim

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has led the development and dissemination of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP), incorporating the Nutrition Care Process Terminology as the standardised language. This research investigates and compares the views of Australian dietitians pre and post NCP implementation to inform development of an NCP implementation package.

Methods

Dietitians from two hospitals that had undergone informal NCP implementation (post‐implementers, n = 35) and three hospitals yet to implement NCP (pre‐implementers, n = 35) completed an online questionnaire (ASK NCP) surveying demographics and constructs relating to knowledge, familiarity, confidence, support, value, barriers, training and NCP education.

Results

Post‐implementers had higher knowledge scores (P < 0.05), were more familiar with NCP (P < 0.01), confident to implement (P < 0.01) and supported to use NCP (P < 0.01) than pre‐implementers. Lack of knowledge, support, training and resources was identified as a barrier by pre‐implementers. Busy workloads and work status were identified as barriers by post‐implementers. Pre‐implementers felt they had insufficient NCP training; however, if further training and support were to be provided, almost all reported they would be more confident to implement. Keys to successful implementation included allocated time to practice and regular tutorials; support and leadership from their management and NCP department leader; and professional growth through understanding how change could benefit practice.

Conclusions

The results of the study were used to inform the development of an NCP implementation package. Kotter's eight stages of change were identified as the most appropriate change management model with the framework incorporated into the package development.
Primary extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma of bronchus and lung: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Chien Chu‐Chun , Lee Herng‐Sheng , Lin Min‐Hsi , Hsieh Pin‐Pen
Published: March 2015

Primary pulmonary non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is very rare. It represents less than 1% of all NHL, and 0.5–1% of all primary pulmonary malignancies. Almost all cases of primary pulmonary NHL originate from B‐cell lineage. We present a case of a 53‐year‐old man with primary extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma of the bronchus and lung, presented progressive dyspnea caused by right lower lung consolidation, and pleural effusion. Initial chest computed tomography suggested advanced lung cancer. Bronchofiberscopy showed a polypoid tumor on which a biopsy was performed. Histologically, the diffusely infiltrative atypical cells were positive for cytoplasmic CD3, CD56, granzyme B, and negative for cytokeratin, CD20 immunostains, suggesting NK/T cell lineages. In situ hybridization for Epstein‐Barr virus encoded ribonucleic acid (EBER) was positive. Herein, we discuss the clinicopathological features of this case and review the literature on primary extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma of the lung. Compared with other patients, who died after the first cycle of chemotherapy and/or within three months, our patient had longer survival under aggressive chemotherapy and auto‐peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
An increased risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in US patients with Merkel cell carcinoma versus Australian patients: A clinical clue to a different mechanism of pathogenesis?
Authors: Bloom Romi , Amber Kyle T , Nouri Keyvan
Published: March 2015

The US and Queensland populations both demonstrate an increased risk of secondary malignancies following the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). A recent Queensland study failed to demonstrate a significantly increased risk of developing non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in these patients. In contrast, using the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we demonstrate there is an increased risk in CLL and NHL following the diagnosis of MCC in the USA. We hypothesise that this difference may be a result of a differing pathogenesis.
Teachers' concerns about adopting constructivist online game‐based learning in formal curriculum teaching: The VISOLE experience
Authors: Jong Morris S. Y.
Published: March 2015

Our work is set against the backdrop of the pervasive discussion of harnessing online games to provide students with new constructivist learning opportunities. Upon the theoretical foundation, we have developed Virtual Interactive Student‐Oriented Learning Environment (VISOLE), a teaching framework for implementing constructivist online game‐based learning in formal curriculum teaching in school education. In this paper, apart from underlining the pedagogical features of VISOLE, we discuss our study on investigating 118 teachers' concerns about this educational innovation with the Stages of Concern (SoC) model, in terms of five categorical concerns—Evaluation, Information, Management, Consequence and Refocusing. All participants had completed our VISOLE induction training before they participated in the SoC survey. Results revealed that their Management concern was the most intense. With this “diagnostic” knowledge, we can formulate more precise interventions addressing teachers' actual needs so as to assist them in the adoption of VISOLE at school. The findings also shed light on designing, developing or appropriating online games to support learning and teaching in school education.
Using eye‐tracking technology as an indirect instruction tool to improve text and picture processing and learning
Authors: Mason Lucia , Pluchino Patrik , Tornatora Maria Caterina
Published: March 2015

This study used an eye‐movement modelling example (EMME) in the school context to corroborate and extend recent findings about the educational potential of eye‐tracking technology for supporting strategic processing and learning from an illustrated text. Sixty‐four seventh graders were randomly assigned to the modelling and non‐modelling conditions to investigate whether (1) those with the opportunity to observe a model's eye movements while reading an illustrated text show greater integrative processing in their own reading and (2) they learn more deeply from text. Findings reveal that the students who observed the model's visual behaviour showed greater integrative processing of text and picture. They made more transitions from one representation to the other and strategically spent longer re‐inspecting the picture while rereading the text and vice versa. These students also outperformed those in the non‐modelling condition for deeper learning as revealed in the transfer of knowledge task. Moreover, students with lower reading comprehension skills benefitted more from observing the model's gaze replay when considering both the acquisition and transfer of knowledge.
Microglial M1/M2 polarization and metabolic states
Authors: Orihuela Ruben , McPherson Christopher A , Harry Gaylia Jean
Published: March 2015

Microglia are critical nervous system‐specific immune cells serving as tissue‐resident macrophages influencing brain development, maintenance of the neural environment, response to injury and repair. As influenced by their environment, microglia assume a diversity of phenotypes and retain the capability to shift functions to maintain tissue homeostasis. In comparison with peripheral macrophages, microglia demonstrate similar and unique features with regards to phenotype polarization, allowing for innate immunological functions. Microglia can be stimulated by LPS or IFN‐γ to an M1 phenotype for expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines or by IL‐4/IL‐13 to an M2 phenotype for resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Increasing evidence suggests a role of metabolic reprogramming in the regulation of the innate inflammatory response. Studies using peripheral immune cells demonstrate that polarization to an M1 phenotype is often accompanied by a shift in cells from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis for energy production. More recently, the link between polarization and mitochondrial energy metabolism has been considered in microglia. Under these conditions, energy demands would be associated with functional activities and cell survival and thus, may serve to influence the contribution of microglia activation to various neurodegenerative conditions. This review examines the polarization states of microglia and their relationship to mitochondrial metabolism. Additional supporting experimental data are provided to demonstrate mitochondrial metabolic shifts in primary microglia and the BV‐2 microglia cell line induced under LPS (M1) and IL‐4/IL‐13 (M2) polarization.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on Inflammation: maladies, models, mechanisms and molecules. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2016.173.issue-4
Novel system for distant assessment of cataract surgical quality in rural China
Authors: Wang Lanhua , Xu Danping , Liu Bin , Jin Ling , Wang Decai , He Mingguang , Congdon Nathan G , Huang Wenyong
Published: March 2015

Background

This study aims to assess the quality of various steps of manual small incision cataract surgery and predictors of quality, using video recordings.

Design

This paper applies a retrospective study.

Participants

Fifty‐two trainees participated in a hands‐on small incision cataract surgery training programme at rural Chinese hospitals.

Methods

Trainees provided one video each recorded by a tripod‐mounted digital recorder after completing a one‐week theoretical course and hands‐on training monitored by expert trainers. Videos were graded by two different experts, using a 4‐point scale developed by the International Council of Ophthalmology for each of 12 surgical steps and six global factors. Grades ranged from 2 (worst) to 5 (best), with a score of 0 if the step was performed by trainers.

Main Outcome Measures

Mean score for the performance of each cataract surgical step rated by trainers.

Results

Videos and data were available for 49/52 trainees (94.2%, median age 38 years, 16.3% women and 77.5% completing > 50 training cases). The majority (53.1%, 26/49) had performed ≤ 50 cataract surgeries prior to training. Kappa was 0.57∼0.98 for the steps (mean 0.85). Poorest‐rated steps were draping the surgical field (mean ± standard deviation = 3.27 ± 0.78), hydro‐dissection (3.88 ± 1.22) and wound closure (3.92 ± 1.03), and top‐rated steps were insertion of viscoelastic (4.96 ± 0.20) and anterior chamber entry (4.69 ± 0.74). In linear regression models, higher total score was associated with younger age (P = 0.015) and having performed >50 independent manual small incision cases (P = 0.039).

Conclusions

More training should be given to preoperative draping, which is poorly performed and crucial in preventing infection. Surgical experience improves ratings.
Time to change? Exploring the impact of time‐limited service provision in a family support service
Authors: Roberts Louise
Published: March 2015

This paper presents data from a qualitative case study of a family support service, support care. As a time‐limited service that aims to enable positive change within families and involves children and parents spending time apart, aspects of time feature prominently in understandings and experiences of the service. This paper uses the concept of time as a lens to explore some of the organizing principles and underlying assumptions of this service. Eighty‐two qualitative interviews and 22 participant observation sessions were undertaken with stakeholders engaged in support care. This paper examines the variety of ways in which time was understood and experienced over the course of the research. This includes a conceptualization of time as a resource, together with the hopes, expectations and concerns attached to the time provision. It is argued that the service‐specific questions regarding how much time to afford families, and the purpose of support have wider relevance within social work policy and practice. This includes debates about how best to respond to families with support needs, including those with enduring needs, how to manage tensions in respect of balancing need while seeking to avoid dependency and the sometimes competing nature of support and protection objectives.