bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Framing risk and responsibility: Newspaper coverage of COVID-19 racial disparities
Authors: Ash Erin , Schulenberg Kelsea , Wilson Madison , Mikkilineni SaiDatta
Published: April 2023

In early April 2020, as states began to release demographic data related to COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths, it became clear that Black individuals in the United States were disproportionately impacted by the virus. The current research is a content analysis of stories about racial disparities related to COVID-19 published by U.S. newspapers between April and June 2020 (N = 181) conducted to examine framing patterns. Specifically, the study examined how relative risk was communicated and the causes attributed to the disparity. The overall results suggest mixed progress in terms of how racial health disparities are communicated to the public.
The Art of Seduction: Male Endorsement of Coercive and Willful Sex Tactics
Authors: Starrett Elizabeth Jacqueline , Sperry Kathryn , Galliher Renee V.
Published: April 2023

The body of sexual assault research historically focuses on survivors, specifically female survivors. Examining the beliefs of men who endorse sexually violent or coercive behavior fills an important gap in the literature. The current study surveyed 420 male participants on their endorsement of coercive dating tactics as provided in a best-selling men’s dating book, as well as endorsement of dating tactics generated from a sexual willingness framework. Overall, approximately 25% of male participants reported using or endorsing coercive sexual tactics. Several demographic factors and experiences related to higher endorsement of the coercive tactics, including past or present involvement in a fraternity, knowing a sexual assault perpetrator, affiliating with a religion, and frequent pornography viewing. The same individual factors related to endorsing the coercive tactics were associated with endorsing the willful tactics as well. Implications for greater representation in research for sexual minorities are discussed, as well as future direction for effective consent education.
Ultrasound-Guided Perineural Vitamin B12 Injection for Brachial Plexus Injury: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Chen Chien-Hua , Huang Hung-Ya , Huang Abel Po-Hao , Jaw Fu-Shan , Chen Meng-Chao , Lin Chii-Wann , Wang Shang-Po
Published: April 2023

Individuals with brachial plexus injury (BPI) require upper limb function restoration, but the treatment remains controversial. Vitamin B12 may aid in pain control and nerve regeneration. We present the technical aspects of ultrasound-guided perineural vitamin B12 injection for BPI. The demonstrative case is a 50-year-old man with BPI resulting from a traffic accident. Under ultrasound guidance, vitamin B12 was injected precisely into the brachial plexus compartment around the swollen neuroma of the C6 root. Motor and sensory functions of the left upper extremity improved over 6 months. Ultrasound-guided perineural vitamin B12 injection may be an efficient and personalized intervention in cases of post-ganglionic BPI that failed to improve in the first 3 months.
GABA Administration Ameliorates the Toxicity of Doxorubicin on CSF and the Brain of Albino Rats
Authors: Abdelsalam Hani M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain and is a non-proteinogenic amino acid. Doxorubcin (DOX) or adriamycin is one of the most potent chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer.

Purpose

This study focused on diminishing the brain injury and neurotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) by GABA administration.

Methods

Rats were randomly divided into four groups (8 rats each), which were the control group, DOX group (3 mg/kg for 4 weeks, then 2 mg/kg for 2 weeks), GABA group (2 mg/kg for 21 days), and DOX + GABA group (treated as the second and third groups). Neurotoxicity and brain injury were assessed by determining CSF biomarkers, serum inflammatory markers, and histopathological evaluation of the cerebral cortex.

Results

DOX treatment significantly increased the levels of all CSF biomarkers (S100B, IL-1β, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), spectrin breakdown products (SBDP145), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and all inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), causing extensive neutrophilic infiltration and great alteration in the cerebral cortex architecture as evidence of neurotoxicity. The oral administration of GABA significantly reduced the levels of all CSF biomarkers and inflammatory markers and restored the normal architecture of the cerebral cortex, with observed ameliorations in neutrophilic infiltration.

Conclusion

GABA administration can ameliorate neurotoxicity and protect the brain against the negative effects of DOX treatment.
Split Transfer of the Tibialis Anterior Tendon Combined With Calcaneocuboid Fusion vs Split Transfer of the Tibialis Anterior Tendon Alone to Treat Equinovarus Foot Deformity in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Bacaksız Tayfun , Akan İhsan , Kazimoglu Cemal
Published: April 2023

Background:

The study aimed to compare the outcomes of combined calcaneocuboid arthrodesis and split anterior tibialis tendon transfer (SPLATT) procedure to isolated SPLATT surgery for the treatment of the spastic equinovarus deformity in children with cerebral palsy (CCP).

Methods:

Forty-one ambulatory CCP with 56 equinovarus feet, with positive flexor withdrawal reflex test results, were studied. The average age was 9.1 ± 3.2 years (range 3-22). Patients were assigned into 2 groups based on the surgical procedures. Patients in group 1 underwent isolated SPLATT surgery, whereas patients in group 2 underwent the SPLATT procedure combined with calcaneocuboid arthrodesis. All feet were followed for at least 12 months after surgery. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at the most recent follow-up visit. The hindfoot positions were assessed using Chang’s criteria, the functional outcomes were assessed using Kling’s criteria, and the ambulatory levels were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).

Results:

Patients were followed for an average of 30.4 ± 14 (range 14-84) months. We found no difference between the groups in Chang’s scoring ( P = .550), better clinical outcomes ( P = .034) according to the Kling criteria in SPLATT with calcaneocuboid fusion group, and postoperative GMFCS levels better in the SPLATT with calcaneocuboid fusion group ( P = .025).

Conclusion:

In this retrospective comparative study to treat children with spastic equinovarus feet, patients who had the SPLATT procedure combined with calcaneocuboid arthrodesis generally resulted in better functional outcomes compared to isolated SPLATT surgery in spastic equinovarus foot.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Image Technologies and Visual Methodologies: Reflections, Experimentations, and Future Redirections
Authors: Vellanki Vivek
Published: April 2023

More images have been made and circulated in the last decade than in all of the 20th century. This is a startling yet obvious fact that illustrates the central role that images have come to play in contemporary life. However, technological changes in image-based practices have outpaced methodological responses to these transformations. In this article, I reflect on some of the drastic transformations that have occurred over the last two decades within the realm of image-making, image-circulation, and image-engagement. I ask: How are emerging tools and practices of image-making and image-circulation shifting how we understand and use visual methodologies? How might an engagement with the works of contemporary artists offer insight into methodological concerns and offer possible methodological responses? To answer these questions, I place artistic works in conversation with scholars who address methodological concerns. I focus on two key aspects of image-based practices: the nature and structure of cameras, and the form of the image alongside the modalities of engaging, circulating, and analyzing images. In each area, I identify a focal artist and a scholar whose work(s) can respond to emergent concerns. Through this dialogue, this article brings to light emergent concerns for scholars interested in engaging with visual methodologies.
Unpaid Caregiver Costs in Canada: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marani Husayn , Peckham Allie
Published: April 2023

As utilization of home care increases across Canada, questions are emerging concerning the extent to which home care expenses, many of which are not publicly covered, are borne by unpaid caregivers of home care recipients. In this systematic review, we review English-language literature published between 2001 and 2022 exploring the magnitude and sources of home care costs incurred by unpaid caregivers in Canada. Of particular interest were empirical, cost-of-illness studies that describe the implications of these costs across domains of financial risk, including caregivers’ income level, employment status, and personal health. Following the screening of 492 studies derived across 6 databases (OVID Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED, EconLit, and EMBASE), 24 studies were included in this review. Overall, few studies describe how home care expenses incurred by unpaid caregivers contribute to their financial risk. While some studies characterize the direct costs of caregiving incurred by caregivers, including out-of-pocket expenditure on transportation to medical appointments, respite care, home renovations, supplemental housekeeping, and prescription medications, limited studies attempt to estimate the magnitude of these expenses. Concerning financial risk, the literature is chiefly concerned with indirect costs of caregiving, including consequences on caregivers’ employment (foregone wages). Findings from this literature review suggest further work is needed in Canadian context to document costs associated with unpaid home care provision.
A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Managing End-Stage Renal Disease in Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Report
Authors: Khatri Vishnupriya , Bauschka Maryrose , Foley Meghan , Lundberg Cheryl , Mehler Philip
Published: April 2023

Background:

Renal dysfunction and electrolyte abnormalities are common complications of anorexia nervosa (AN), particularly in the binge-eating/purging type (AN-BP). Hypokalemic, or kaliopenic, nephropathy is an established clinical entity and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in AN. Here, we present a case which demonstrates the difficulties of managing refeeding and nutrition in a psychiatrically and medically complex patient with severe AN-BP and ESRD most likely secondary to hypokalemic nephropathy.

Case Report:

A 54-year-old female with AN-BP that has resulted in chronic hypokalemia, with newly diagnosed ESRD on hemodialysis, presented to an eating disorder medical stabilization unit for weight restoration and treatment of the medical complications associated with her severe malnutrition and ESRD. She was admitted with a body mass index (BMI) of 15 kg/m2, serum potassium of 2.8 mmol/L and serum creatinine of 6.91 mg/dL. She had failed to gain weight in the outpatient setting while on hemodialysis. She initially denied having an eating disorder, but ultimately a history of excessive laxative abuse for many years, without primary physician follow up, was revealed. While she did not undergo a renal biopsy to confirm the etiology of her ESRD, given her history of long-standing hypokalemia and lack of other risk factors, her ESRD was presumed to be secondary to hypokalemic nephropathy. She required significant oversight from a multidisciplinary eating disorder treatment team to restore weight while also managing her ESRD.

Conclusion:

This case report highlights the complexity of managing ESRD in patients with AN who require weight restoration. A multidisciplinary team was vital to ensure this patient’s adherence to treatment. With this case, we hope to raise awareness of the deleterious effect on the kidneys from prolonged hypokalemia, the elevated risk of poor renal outcomes in patients with AN-BP, and the danger of easy accessibility to over-the-counter stimulant laxatives.
SH3BP1 Regulates Melanoma Progression Through Race1/Wace2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sun Ting , Tong Wenxian , Pu Jie , Yu Zhiguo , Kang Zhengchun
Published: April 2023

Background:

SH3-domain binding protein-1 (SH3BP1), which specifically inactivates Rac1 and its target protein Wave2, has been shown to be an important regulator of cancer metastasis. However, the effects of SH3BP1 in melanoma progression remain unclear. The current study aimed to explore the function of SH3BP1 in melanoma and its possible molecular mechanism.

Methods:

TCGA database was used to analyze the expression of SH3BP1 in melanoma. Then, reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of SH3BP1 in melanoma tissues and cells. Next, genes related to SH3BP1 were analyzed by LinkedOmics database, and protein interactions were analyzed by STRING database. These genes were further subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. In addition, the signaling pathway of SH3BP1 action was screened by bioinformatics analysis. Finally, the function of SH3BP1 and its mediated signaling pathway in melanoma progression were investigated in vitro and in vivo.

Results:

SH3BP1 was significantly upregulated in melanoma tissues and cells. The pathways regulated by SH3BP1 are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. And we found that overexpression of SH3BP1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells by increasing Rac1 activity and Wave2 protein levels in vitro. Similarly, overexpression of SH3BP1 facilitated melanoma progression by upregulating Wave2 protein expression in vivo.

Conclusion:

In summary, this study revealed for the first time that SH3BP1 promoted melanoma progression through Rac1/Wave2 signaling pathway, providing a new therapeutic target for melanoma.
Powellite nostalgia and racialised nationalist narratives: Connecting Global Britain and Little England
Authors: Melhuish Francesca
Published: April 2023

This article explores how a Powellite form of nostalgia – named for the anti-immigration politics of former British MP Enoch Powell – connects seemingly contradictory nationalist narratives known as Global Britain and Little England. While the former is typically aligned with an expansive and buccaneering national biography, the latter is held to operate via a more defensive and exclusionary imaginary. This article challenges such a binary distinction by demonstrating how the two discursive strands are intimately connected by nostalgic views about white English racial dominance, cultivated during Britain’s pursuit of empire. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of verbal and visual sources from the Brexit referendum, plus 13 interviews with Leave campaigners, the article shows how Powellite nostalgia reproduces gendered and racialised colonial images of the nation amid immigration ‘crisis’. Despite the detoxifying effects of much post-referendum Brexit analysis, the article also demonstrates how Powellite nostalgia is shared across the Eurosceptic spectrum and within broader English culture, persisting into the post-Brexit era.
A universally applicable 0D combustion model with a novel analysis of the critical factors affecting combustion in spark-ignition engines
Authors: Kim Myoungsoo , Song Han Ho
Published: April 2023

Notwithstanding the continuous technological development of spark-ignition engines, the physics of in-cylinder phenomena has not been explicitly clarified to date. Furthermore, the advent of diverse engine technologies and in-cylinder compositions has increased the difficulty of understanding these phenomena using existing analysis methods. Under those circumstances, the modeling based on the fundamental combustion behaviors is becoming critical for analyzing combustion. Built upon the zero-dimensional flame surface density model, therefore, the models proposed herein attempt to reproduce a vast majority of combustion behaviors revealed to date, such as differential diffusion, thermo-diffusive instability, cutoff scales, distributed reaction, and flame quenching. As a result, we successfully predicted the combustion of numerous operating points of four different SI engines, including the extremely lean operating points of gasoline/air mixture up to [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the extensive thermodynamic ranges are explored for the validation of the models with the aid of continuously variable valve timing modules; the pressure and the calculated temperature of the unburned mixture at ignition timing are varied from 4.5 to 28.6 bar and 559–794 K, respectively. In this study, we suggest an expression for a fully-developed turbulent flame speed well-fitted with the explored ranges of chemical and thermodynamic states by inspecting the influencing factors for flame wrinkling. Additionally, we analyze combustion using the developed models and identify several distinctive features of both stoichiometric and lean-burn points. Lastly, this study reveals the importance of flame thickness (or inner cutoff), which has a comparable or more severe effect on early flame propagation compared to planar laminar flame speed.
Treating a Large Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm With Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery With a Physician-Modified Graft
Authors: Rosu Cristian , Charbonneau Philippe , Drudi Laura M. , Blair Jean-François , Beaudoin Nathalie , Elkouri Stéphane
Published: April 2023

We report the treatment of a young patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome and previous type A aortic dissection repair and extensive thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm using an aberrant right subclavian as inflow for debranching of the aortic arch.

Clinical Impact

Large thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms due to chronic aortic dissection in patients with connective tissue disorders such as Loeys-Dietz syndrome present a challenging scenario, particularly in cases of variant anatomy and when patients are not candidates for conventional open repair. We demonstrate how by combining and modifying off-the-shelf devices during a hybrid procedure, one can create an endovascular solution tailored to the patient’s complex anatomy, making use of an aberrant right subclavian artery, and allow for good clinical outcomes
Distal Radius Fracture Outcomes After Dorsal Spanning Plate Fixation
Authors: DeFazio Matthew W. , Godfrey Natalie , Offord Evan , Budis Emmanuel , Olson Nathanael , Jones Marci
Published: April 2023

Background:

Dorsal spanning plate fixation can be used to treat comminuted distal radius fractures not amenable to volar plating. However, there is a relative paucity of outcomes data; so, the aim of this retrospective study was to investigate outcomes and complications after dorsal spanning plate fixation for distal radius fractures.

Methods:

Distal radius fractures treated with dorsal spanning plate fixation at a level-1 trauma center were retrospectively identified via Current Procedural Terminology coding and chart review from 2014 to 2019. Patient demographics, fracture pattern characteristics, fixation techniques, and clinical outcomes were all obtained via chart review using the electronic medical record.

Results:

In all, 43 dorsal plates were identified out of 369 operatively treated distal radius fractures (12%). Of these, 84% were AO type C, 28% were open fractures, and 86% resulted from falls. At the time of dorsal plating, 28% had an additional procedure. One patient had a major complication after surgery, requiring unplanned surgery for a radius nonunion. Average final follow-up occurred 9 weeks after dorsal plate removal, with mean range of motion at the wrist measuring: 36° flexion, 48° extension, 75° pronation, and 63° supination. Finger flexion was also measured, using either tip of finger to palm distance or total active motion, depending on the available data. These were measured at an average of 1.2 cm and 194°, respectively.

Conclusions:

Dorsal spanning plate fixation provides a safe and effective method for treating complex distal radius fractures. In our series, patients had good functional outcomes with few complications.
A heat dissipation enhancing method for the high-speed spindle based on heat conductive paths
Authors: Li Yang , Yu Maolin , Bai Yinming , Hou Zhaoyang , Zhang Huijie , Wu Wenwu
Published: April 2023

High-speed spindle systems could generate sufficient heat when they are operating and would cause thermal deformation that influences spindle accuracy. Heat dissipation is a common and effective way to remove the generated heat. In this paper, heat conductive paths were created on the bearing seat and the spindle housing along the radial direction. Along these paths, the heat was transferred directly from heat sources inside the spindle system to outside and the heat dissipation was enhanced. To limit the heat transferred along the axial direction, the inner wall of the path was coated with a thermal insulation material. Based on an annular plate model, the influences of the affecting parameters of paths on the heat transfer performance were studied. The temperature distributions of the models with and without heat conductive paths were numerically and experimentally investigated. It was found that after using heat conductive paths, the heat dissipation enhanced significantly. Moreover, it is found that as the number and diameter of paths increases, the temperature of internal parts decreases and the gap between the highest and the lowest temperature is narrowed.
Prevalence, associated factors, and clinical consequences of metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a 5-year prospective observational study
Authors: Keeratichananont Warangkana , Kaenmuang Punchalee , Geater Sarayut Lucien , Manoret Premanan , Thanapattaraborisuth Banthita
Published: April 2023

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by multiple systemic comorbidities, not only airflow limitation. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common comorbidity. Patients with COPD have a higher risk of MetS than do healthy individuals.

Objectives:

We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and explore the factors associated with MetS in Thai COPD patients and to assess the clinical consequences of MetS after a 5-year follow-up period.

Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted in patients with stable COPD at Songklanagarind Hospital between June 2015 and November 2019. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation 2005 criteria. The patients were followed-up for 5 years. The prevalence, associated factors, and consequences of MetS were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 115 patients with COPD were enrolled, of whom 95.3% were male. The overall prevalence of MetS was 37.4% (43 patients). Chronic bronchitis and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were independently and significantly associated with MetS in patients with COPD ( p = 0.036 and 0.044, respectively). After following patients for 5 years, the incidence of cardiovascular disease and stroke, exacerbation rate, and mortality rate were significantly higher in the COPD with MetS group [relative risk (RR) = 15.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (2.13–110.67), RR = 45.43, 95% CI = (4.61–447.07), RR = 1.94, 95% CI = (1.40–2.70), and RR = 48.01, 95% CI = (1.12–2049.43), respectively].

Conclusion:

The prevalence of MetS is high in patients with COPD. Chronic bronchitis and high CRP levels are associated with MetS in COPD. The incidence of clinical consequences was significantly higher in patients with COPD and MetS after a 5-year follow-up. Screening for MetS is strongly recommended for all patients with COPD.
Developing better understanding of hygiene is key to developing hygiene behaviour change in home and everyday life settings
Authors: Bloomfield S , Ackerley L
Published: April 2023

Aims:

Polling indicates the public has fairly good knowledge of times when hygiene is needed in their homes and everyday life in public spaces, but limited understanding of hygiene risk; this results in omitting some key behaviours and incorrectly applying untargeted behaviours. This poll explores how the public responded to government advice, and information from other sources, to address a specific disease threat – that is, COVID-19 infection.

Methods:

An online poll was developed, and data were collected from 1730 respondents in England aged 18 and above.

Results:

Data suggest that the UK public has a high level of concern about the importance of hygiene to prevent spread of COVID-19. They had good recall of advice given during the pandemic and were able to identify routes of infection transmission. When asked to identify key times for handwashing, most people (86%–90%) identified ‘after coughing, sneezing etc., before eating food with fingers, after touching contact surfaces and when returning home’, but a similar number also identified using the toilet, food handling and pet handling, despite the fact that government advice does not identify these as risk actions for COVID-19. This suggests they were unable to use their knowledge of how the virus spreads to make informed decisions about when to practice hygiene. Despite government guidance, public practices are still influenced by a conviction that deep cleaning, including non-targeted disinfectant usage on environmental surfaces, gives added protection, leading them to practise additional cleaning and disinfection in situations where there is little benefit.

Conclusions:

New insights from public polling, together with the nine moments Targeted Hygiene approach, offer a more robust communications approach to enable the public to make cognitive links between when, where, how and why to practise good hygiene, and in doing so, promote more effective and sustainable behaviours.
Circulating tumor cells dynamics during chemotherapy predict survival and response in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhang Xu-Chao , Feng Wei-Neng , Zhang Li , Liu Xiao-Qing , Guo Wei-Bang , Deng Yan-Ming , Zou Qing-Feng , Yang Jin-Ji , Zhou Qing , Wang Bin-Chao , Chen Hua-Jun , Tu Hai-Yan , Yan Hong-Hong , Wu Yi-Long
Published: April 2023

Background:

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are prognostic biomarker in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CTCs could also be used as predictor of efficacy of systemic treatments in advanced NSCLC.

Objectives:

We described the dynamic changes of CTCs during first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC and clarified the correlation between CTC counts and efficacy of chemotherapy.

Design:

Chemotherapy is administered and blood specimens are collected at four time points from baseline to disease progression for CTC detection.

Methods:

This multicenter prospective study enrolled patients with previously untreated stage III or IV NSCLC fit for standard platinum-based chemotherapy. Bloods were sampled as per standard operating procedures at baseline, cycle 1 and cycle 4 of chemotherapy, and at disease progression for CTC analysis using the CellSearch system.

Results:

Among 150 patients enrolled, median overall survival (OS) was 13.8, 8.4, and 7.9 months in patients with CTC−, KIT−CTC, and KIT+CTC at baseline ( p = 0.002). Patients with persistent negative CTC (46.0%) had longer progression-free survival [5.7 months, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0–6.5 versus 3.0 months, 0.6–5.4; hazard ratio (HR): 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18–0.67) and OS (13.1 months, 10.9–15.3 versus 5.6 months, 4.1–7.1; HR: 0.17, 0.08–0.36) compared with patients with persistent positive CTC (10.7%), which was not impacted by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy decreased CTC from 36.0% (54/150) to 13.7% (13/95).

Conclusions:

CTC persistent presence during treatment represents poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC. Chemotherapy could effectively eliminate CTCs. Molecular characterization and the functionalization of CTC will be warranted for further intensive investigation.

Trial registration:

NCT01740804.
IL16 Regulates Osteoarthritis Progression as a Target Gene of Novel-miR-81
Authors: Luo Ziwei , Han Qianting , Lu Jianghua , Ouyang Xiyan , Fan Yueying , Liu Yangping , Zhou Xianxi , Kong Jiechen , Liu Helu , Liu Aijun , Chen Dongfeng
Published: April 2023

Objective

Functional polymorphisms of interleukin 16 (IL16) have been reported to be closely related to the risk of osteoarthritis (OA). However, how IL16 affects OA remains unclear. In this study, the role of IL16 in OA and the possible mechanisms were examined.

Methods

We established a meniscal/ligament injury (MLI) post-traumatic OA model in Sprague Dawley rats and an IL1β-induced ADTC5 cells OA model. We detected the expression of IL16, novel-miR-81, MMP3, and MMP13 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of IL16, MMP3, and MMP13. The association between IL16 and novel-miR-81 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Safranin O and Fast Green staining, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to clarify the effect of intra-articular injection of novel-miR-81 agomir in rats OA model.

Results

IL16 was upregulated in OA model. Knockdown of IL16 and overexpression of novel-miR-81 downregulated the expression of MMP3 and MMP13. Importantly, IL16 was a key target of novel-miR-81. Intra-articular injection of novel-miR-81 agomir could attenuate OA progression in rats OA model.

Conclusion

Novel-miR-81 targeted IL16 to relieve OA, suggesting that novel-miR-81and IL16 may be new therapeutic targets for OA.
Complications prevention of shoulder balance support device for lateral decubitus position: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Piyasoontrawong Nicha , Sirisreetreerux Pokket , Kochakarn Wachira
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

The authors invented the shoulder balance support device aiming to prevent skin complications and neck pain in surgical patients operated in lateral decubitus position. This study aimed to compare skin complications and neck pain between patients with shoulder balance support device and traditional positioning instruments and to assess surgeons’ and anesthesiologists’ satisfaction in using the device.

Methods:

A randomized controlled trial, which followed Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials(CONSORT) statement, was conducted in patients who underwent laparoscopic upper urinary tract surgery in the lateral decubitus position from June 2019 to March 2020. The shoulder balance support device was used in 22 patients and 22 other patients were in the control group. The area of skin erythema, bruising, or abrasion resulting from the pressure effect of the lateral decubitus position was measured and the pain score for the neck and shoulder area after the operation was assessed. Furthermore, the satisfaction of the medical personnel taking care of the patients and using the shoulder balance support device was investigated.

Results:

A total of 44 patients were included. No patient in the intervention group reported neck pain. Skin erythema was found in six patients in each group and the median area of skin erythema was significantly smaller in the intervention group. Most of the medical personnel reported satisfaction with use of the device.

Conclusion:

This device is an innovative tool with the aim of ultimate care for surgical patients.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:

Thai Clinical trials registry ID TCTR 20190606002
Prostate-specific antigen doubling time following radium-223 treatment as a predictor of the clinical course in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Kawaguchi Gen , Akazawa Kohei , Ikeda Taro , Ikeda Yohei , Hara Noboru , Nishiyama Tsutomu
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

To identify useful biomarkers by reviewing laboratory data for a predictor of the clinical course following treatment with radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Methods:

Eighteen metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who were administered Ra-223 at our hospital were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Prostate-specific antigen doubling times before and after the administration of Ra-223 were evaluated as prognostic factors for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with Ra-223 using the Kaplan–Meier method and Log-rank test.

Results:

Four patients failed to complete the planned six-time Ra-223 treatments with the exacerbation of their condition. In the 14 patients who completed the planned Ra-223 treatment, before the Ra-223 treatment, no significant differences were observed in overall survival between patients with prostate-specific antigen doubling time of 6 months or less and those with prostate-specific antigen doubling time of more than 6 months or stable ( p = 0.642). Following the completion of the Ra-223 treatment, overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with prostate-specific antigen doubling time of 6 months or less than in those with prostate-specific antigen doubling time of more than 6 months or stable ( p = 0.007).

Conclusion:

Prostate-specific antigen doubling time after the Ra-223 treatment is a useful predictor of the clinical course following treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.
Why landfill deposits are a distinguishing feature of the Anthropocene
Authors: Vaverková Magdalena Daria , Koda Eugeniusz
Published: April 2023

The Anthropocene is generally defined as a postulated new geological epoch, which, according to various authors, began in the 20th century. The postulated Anthropocene Epoch is characterized by a decrease in biodiversity, climate change, transformations of the Earth’s surface, exploitation of natural resources, and environmental pollution. Waste landfills influence some of these features (e.g. biodiversity and climate change, create new anthropostratigraphic geological layers); therefore, they should also be a matter of interest and research conducted in order to become considered as a subsequent postulate confirming the Anthropocene Epoch. This paper draws attention to the fact that environments created and dominated by human activity, such as waste landfills, may be used as an effective starting point to confirm the new Anthropocene Epoch. Waste landfills contribute significantly to geological, climatic, environmental, and ecological changes (modification).
Exploratory Study of a Team-Based Model of Transition Professional Development
Authors: Morningstar Mary E. , Carlson Sarah R. , Lattin Dana , Romine Swinburne Rebecca
Published: April 2023

This article shares the results from a quasi-experimental mixed-methods study of a promising transition-focused professional development approach. The 12-week team-based intervention resulted in positive outcomes among intervention group participants’ knowledge and capacities. The intervention group exhibited statistically significant changes in knowledge of transition assessment practices as well as in using various types of age-appropriate transition assessments and implementing effective practices associated with a comprehensive transition assessment process. At the program level, findings indicated team-level indicators showed statistically significant improvements. The study demonstrated teams who received the intervention were more likely to attain a program-level goal, which was substantially greater than the comparison teams. Implications for future research and practice are shared.
Delayed Presentation of Berardinelli-Siep Lipodystrophy in an Adolescent Female
Authors: Cleary Courtney , Gordon Nadine , Gavvala Sheela
Published: April 2023

Berardinelli-Siep syndrome (BSS) is a form of congenital generalized lipodystrophy that disrupts the pathways of lipid metabolism. It presents with physical exam findings, including muscular hypertrophy and lipoatrophy as well as serious metabolic consequences such as diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, acute pancreatitis, hepatomegaly, and hepatic steatosis. Diagnosis generally occurs soon after birth or in childhood. The case presented is significant for a delayed diagnosis of suspected BSS Type 1 which is rather uncommon in a developed country. Due to the detrimental complications of BSS, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pancreatitis, and liver disease, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial. Pediatric providers must be knowledgeable about physical features of BSS and common presentations such as new onset diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, or pancreatitis throughout early childhood and adolescence in order to avoid delayed diagnoses.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Following the Consumption of Energy Drink in a 28-Year-Old Male: A Case Report
Authors: Pallangyo Pedro , Bhalia Smita V. , Komba Makrina , Mkojera Zabella S. , Swai Happiness J. , Mayala Henry A. , Kisenge Peter R.
Published: April 2023

Excessive intake of energy drinks is increasingly realized to have a detrimental effect on platelet and endothelial functions with resultant hypercoagulable state and consequently increased risk of thrombosis. A 28-year-old man of African origin presented to the emergency department with an 8-hour history of retrosternal chest pain. His symptoms started 4 hours after consuming 5 cans (1250 cc) of an energy drink whose principal ingredients are caffeine, taurine, sugar, and glucuronolactone. His past medical and surgical history was unremarkable, and he had no apparent cardiovascular risk factor. Physical examination was unremarkable; however, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram showed features of anterolateral myocardial infarction (STEMI). Catheterization confirmed a 100% thrombotic occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery and revascularization with a drug-eluting stent was successful. In conclusion, sudden onset of chest pain following energy drink consumption should raise an index of suspicion for acute coronary syndrome. With the preponderance of data suggesting increased incidence of energy drink–associated coronary events, it is prudent to advocate a limited consumption of such beverages.
The Impacts of Three Educational Technologies on Algebraic Understanding in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Decker-Woodrow Lauren E. , Mason Craig A. , Lee Ji-Eun , Chan Jenny Yun-Chen , Sales Adam , Liu Allison , Tu Shihfen
Published: April 2023

The current study investigated the effectiveness of three distinct educational technologies—two game-based applications (From Here to There and DragonBox 12+) and two modes of online problem sets in ASSISTments (an Immediate Feedback condition and an Active Control condition with no immediate feedback) on Grade 7 students’ algebraic knowledge. More than 3,600 Grade 7 students across nine in-person and one virtual schools within the same district were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions. Students received nine 30-minute intervention sessions from September 2020 to March 2021. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses of the final analytic sample (N = 1,850) showed significantly higher posttest scores for students who used From Here to There and DragonBox 12+ compared to the Active Control condition. No significant difference was found for the Immediate Feedback condition. The findings have implications for understanding how game-based applications can affect algebraic understanding, even within pandemic pressures on learning.
How does community engagement evolve in different compassionate community contexts? A longitudinal comparative ethnographic research protocol
Authors: Lessard Émilie , Marcoux Isabelle , Daneault Serge , Panaite Andreea-Catalina , Jean Lise , Talbot Mélodie , Weil Dale , Rouly Ghislaine , Sallnow Libby , Kellehear Allan , Boivin Antoine
Published: April 2023

Background:

Compassionate communities build on health promoting palliative care that aims to address gaps in access, quality, and continuity of care in the context of dying, death, loss, and grief. While community engagement is a core principle of public health palliative care, it has received little attention in empirical studies of compassionate communities.

Objectives:

The objectives of this research are to describe the process of community engagement initiated by two compassionate communities projects, to understand the influence of contextual factors on community engagement over time, and assess the contribution of community engagement on proximal outcomes and the potential for sustaining compassionate communities.

Research Approach and Design:

We use a community-based participatory action-research approach to study two compassionate communities initiatives in Montreal (Canada). We develop a longitudinal comparative ethnographic design to study how community engagement evolves in different compassionate communities contexts.

Methods and Analysis:

Data collection includes focus groups, review of key documents and project logbooks, participant observation, semi-structured interviews with key informants, and questionnaires with a focus on community engagement. Grounded in the ecology of engagement theory and the Canadian compassionate communities evaluation framework, data analysis is structured around longitudinal and comparative axes to assess the evolution of community engagement over time and to explore the contextual factors influencing the process of community engagement and its impacts according to local context.

Ethic:

This research is approved by the research ethics board of the Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (approval certificate #18.353).

Discussion:

Understanding the process of community engagement in two compassionate communities will contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationships between local context, community engagement processes, and their effect on compassionate communities outcomes.
Patient-Reported Usefulness and Challenges in Using Hypoglycemia-Informing Features of Continuous Glucose Monitors to Manage Hypoglycemia
Authors: Lin Yu Kuei , Agni Annika , Chuisano Samantha , Fetters Michael D. , Funnell Martha , Pop-Busui Rodica , DeJonckheere Melissa J.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study series, which involves a questionnaire survey and qualitative interviews, was to (a) evaluate patient-reported usefulness of continuous glucose monitor (CGM) hypoglycemia-informing features and (b) identify challenges in using these features (ie, CGM glucose numbers, trend arrows, trend graphs, and hypoglycemia alarms) during hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey study was conducted with adults who have T1DM and were using CGMs to assess the perceived usefulness of hypoglycemia-informing features. A semistructured interview study with T1DM CGM-using adults and inductive thematic analysis were subsequently performed to identify challenges in using CGM hypoglycemia-informing features to manage hypoglycemia.

Results:

In the survey study (N = 252), the CGM glucose numbers, trend arrows, trend graphs, and hypoglycemia alarms were found to be very useful by 79%, 70%, 43%, and 64% of participants, respectively. Several challenges in using these features to manage hypoglycemia were identified in the qualitative study (N = 23): (1) hypoglycemia information not fully reliable,; (2) unpredictability of future blood glucose levels, (3) lack of awareness about how information can be used, and (4) disruptions associated with information.

Conclusions:

Although the majority of T1DM adults found their CGMs’ hypoglycemia-informing features helpful, challenges in optimally using these features persisted. Targeted knowledge and behavioral interventions could improve CGM use to reduce hypoglycemia.
A Plastic Surgeon’s Guide to the Temporomandibular Joint: Part II, Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
Authors: Ibelli Taylor J. , Greer Madison , Le John M. , Platt Samantha , Doo Florence , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Rottgers S. Alex , Buller Mitchell , Crowder Hannah , Nasser Jacob S. , Rogers Gary F. , Taub Peter J.
Published: April 2023

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a ginglymoarthrodial joint that allows translational or sliding movement in the superior compartment and rotational or hinging movements in the inferior compartment. The articulation of both mandibular condyles with the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone is separated by a cartilaginous articular disk that allows the joint to undergo the functional movements involved in speech and mastication. Any anatomic disequilibrium of the TMJ can produce mechanical dysfunction and orofacial pain. The complexity of the TMJ necessitates a thorough understanding of the anatomy and physiology to diagnose and treat its pathology properly. The authors present the second of a three-part educational series on the TMJ, focusing on the pathophysiology and assessment of joint disorders.
Does Camera Type Affect Patient Comfort? An Analysis of Patient Opinions of Office Photography
Authors: Tarr Joseph T. , Hazkour Nissim , Goote Paige , Kwon Bogum , Rivera Robin , Bastidas Nicholas , Moon Victor A.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Photography is an essential part to plastic surgery in terms of procedural planning and documentation. With the increasing quality of commercially available digital cameras, an investigation of the effect of camera type on patient perception of the office visit is necessary. Therefore, we aim to investigate the impact of using a traditional DSLR style camera versus a smartphone in office-based patient photography.

Method:

A Likert scale survey was completed by patients following office visits to assess comfort with office photography. Key points included: sex, age, number of previous visits, comfort with photographic experience, and camera type used.

Results:

100 patients (78 F, 21 M) were included; 47 had photographs taken with a DSLR camera and 52 had photos taken with a smartphone. The mean decade of cohort age was 40 to 49 years old. No statistical difference in patient comfort between DSLR camera and smartphone use was observed (4.71 ± 0.72 vs 4.64 ± 0.57, P: .58). When data was stratified by sex or number of previous visits, there was still no difference in comfort across camera types. There was no significant main effect of age on comfort level ( P = .109); However, a post-hoc Tukey’s analysis showed significant comfort differences between the <18 and 18-29 subgroups and the <18 and 60 to 69 subgroups ( P = .040 and P = .041 respectively).

Conclusion:

Patients were overall equally comfortable with their photographic experience when providers used either camera. Smartphone cameras, therefore, should be regarded as a suitable alternative for office use without fear of invoking negative perceptions in patients.
A Plastic Surgeon’s Guide to the Temporomandibular Joint: Part I, Anatomy
Authors: Buller Mitchell , Ibelli Taylor J. , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Platt Samantha , Doo Florence , Crowder Hannah R. , Nasser Jacob S. , Rogers Gary F. , Taub Peter J. , Alex Rottgers S.
Published: April 2023

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a critical articulation between the mandible and cranium. The unique anatomy allows for a multifaceted motion unlike any other joint in the human body. The bi-convex curvature of the bony prominences facilitates a compound hinging and sliding movement, which are driven by the muscles of mastication and constrained by various ligamentous connections surrounding the joint. Proper alignment and function of these structures are essential to ensure a relationship between the mandibular and maxillary dental arches and fluid motion of the mandible during mastication. While the versatile form and function of the TMJ allow for coordinated jaw movements, pathologic conditions can lead to dysfunction and pain. Therefore, understanding the anatomy and associated pathophysiology of the TMJ is critical for a plastic surgeon who manages craniomaxillofacial trauma and disorders. The present manuscript is the first of a 3-part series with an overview of the TMJ anatomy. Subsequent sections will address the pathology and the treatment of various TMJ disorders.