bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Pyridine and Julolidine Based Chemosensor for Al3+ Detection
Authors: Zeng Junzhu , Xu Xin , Xue Lei , Xu Yang , Wang Xin , Zhang Yang , Wang Haibin
Published: March 2023

In this work, a pyridine and julolidine based chemosensor (L) for Al3+ with a turn‐on response in ethanol solution was designed and synthesized, whose emission intensity was enhanced by 85‐fold in the presence of Al3+ by emitting bright green fluorescence at 480 nm. Meanwhile, the recognition process was hardly affected by other common cations. Based on the fluorescence titration data, the limit of detection (LOD) for Al3+ was estimated to be as low as 2.74×10−8 M. Job's plot ascertained the coordinate stoichiometric of L to Al3+ as 1 : 1, with the association constant (Ka) of 7.24×103 M−1 depending on the Benesi‐Hildebrand equation. The combined effects of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) were proposed as the plausible coordination mechanism of L toward Al3+. Moreover, the application ability of L for determination of Al3+ was evaluated in water samples and with test strips.
An Expeditious One‐Pot Two‐Component Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs)
Authors: Das Arindam , Dey Sovan , Naresh Yadav Ram , Jyoti Boruah Palash , Bakli Prerana , Sarkar Sourav , Mahata Partha , Kumar Paul Amit , Hossain Md. Firoj
Published: March 2023

A facile and eco‐friendly sustainable synthesis of functionalized quinoxaline derivatives from 1,2‐diaminobenzenes and 2‐bromoacetophenones via a one‐pot two‐component reaction using choline chloride (ChCl): glycerol as a bio‐renewable DES has been developed. In this protocol, nucleophilic 1,2‐diaminobenzenes are mixed with phenacyl bromides or 3‐(bromoacetyl) coumarin to produce quinoxaline derivatives in a high yield (up to 96 %), with a clean reaction profile without the use of a solvent or catalyst at ambient temperature (80 °C). The presence of DES is proven to be essential for assuring efficient transformation, as the product yield was extremely low with a slow reaction profile in the absence of this media. The DES media could be recycled and reused up to five times without losing its efficiency or affecting the chemical yield of the reaction. In the showcase study, the reaction was also scaled up to the gram scale (10 mmol scale), revealing the synthetic potential of the current approach. A DFT calculation has been also performed to probe the mechanism and reversal of the regioselectivity in the products formation.
Glycosyl Isoxazoles for Targeting of Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Cells: Highly Selective Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII Showing Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Le Pors Macarena S. , Santa Maria de la Parra Lucía , Riafrecha Leonardo E. , Vullo Daniela , León Ignacio E. , Supuran Claudiu T. , Colinas Pedro A.
Published: March 2023

We report the synthesis of twelve novel O‐glycosylmethyl isoxazoles incorporating the phenoxyaryl moiety, that were designed to selectively target the cancer‐related human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms. The O‐glycosides have been prepared by cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to O‐propargyl glycosides. Compounds were assessed as inhibitors of the physiologically dominant isozymes hCA I and II and the tumor‐associated isozyme hCA IX and hCA XII. In this study, several glycosides have been identified as highly selective inhibitors of hCA IX and XII. Glycoconjugation enhances the anticancer activity against human osteosarcoma cell line. Thus, these glycosides may prove interesting lead candidates for a targeted cancer therapy.
Rubiadin Regulates Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rat Model by Inhibition of osteoclast formation and differentiation
Authors: Huang Hui , Chen Jian , Lin Zhengkun , Lin Xiaomei
Published: March 2023

The present study investigated the effect of rubiadin frommorinda officinalison bone metabolism in an ovariectomized rat model. Results from the MTT test showed that the best drug concentration was 0.6 mg for 24 h (P>0.05). Compared with the Control group, the femoral bone mineral density in the experimental group treated with rubiadin was significantly higher (P<0.05). After the intervention of rubiadin, the level of P1NP in serum increased, the level of β‐CTX decreased, and the level of estradiol increased. The up‐regulated genes C−C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Kinase Subunit Beta (IKBKB), C1q, C6, Suppressor of cytokine signaling1 (SOCS1/3) and Dickkopf‐3 (DKK3) were screened from the data. Down regulated genes wnt6, Sfrp5, COL4A6, Ig like R. The differential genes were detected by RT‐PCR. Compared with the Control group, CCL2 and SOCS3 were significantly up‐regulated in the experimental group (P<0.05), and COL4A6 and LILRB3a were significantly down regulated in the experimental group (P<0.05). Western blot test results showed that the expression of LILRB3a protein was significantly reduced, while the expression of SOCS3 protein was significantly increased, indicating that rubiadin could significantly increase the expression of SOCS3 protein and reduce the expression of LILRB3a protein. In conclusion, rubiadin inhibits the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts by affecting the expression of CCL2 and SOCS3, COL4A6 and LILRB3a genes. Therefore, rubiadin can be of therapeutic importance for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Effect of Ce Addition to Ag/ZrO2 Catalyst on the Hydrogenation of DMO to MG
Authors: Wang Xue , Qin Siqian , Zhang Hanqing , Gong Jiang , Shu Weihan , Zhang Chuancai , Wang Denghao , Dai Bin
Published: March 2023

MG has a special molecular structure, and MG is an important chemical intermediate with promising applications. Ag−Ce/ZrO2 catalysts with different contents were prepared for hydrogenation of DMO to MG by equal volume impregnation. The content of Ag and the type of additives were screened. According to the effects of different additives on the conversion rate of DMO and the selectivity of MG, Ce was finally selected as the optimal additive metal. These were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, H2‐TPR. The addition of Ce helps the catalyst to form more oxygen vacancies and Ag2O is more easily reduced to Ag monomers. The performance test results of the catalyst showed that the addition of appropriate amount of Ce has a certain promotion effect on the hydrogenation performance of the catalyst, The yield of MG using the 8Ag−Ce1/ZrO2 catalyst was significantly better than that of the Ag/ZrO2 catalyst.
Constructing Highly Reliable and Adaptive Primary Explosive Composites for Micro‐Initiator Assisting by a Hybrid Template of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Cross‐Linked Polymers
Authors: Fang Zi‐Xin , Wang Chao , Wei Yong‐Li , Wang Qian‐You , Zang Shuang‐Quan
Published: March 2023

Primary explosive, as a reliable initiator for secondary explosives, is the central component of micro‐initiators for modern aerospace systems and military operations. However, they are typically prepared as powders, posing potential safety risks because of the inevitable particles scattering issues in the actual working environments. Here, the fabrication of a highly adaptive bulk material of copper azide (CA)‐based safe primary explosive for micro‐initiators is demonstrated. This bulk material, as derived by a complete azidation reaction of the carbonized metal–organic framework/cross‐linked polymer hybrid template, enables the firm embedding of active CA species in a cross‐linked carbon network (denoted as CA‐C). Interestingly, this CA‐C bulk material demonstrates multifarious mechanical stabilities (e.g., good shock and vibration resistance, and anti‐overload capacity) in the simulated working conditions. Meanwhile, the CA contents in the CA‐C bulk material reached as high as 70.3%, ensuring its detonation power. As a proof of concept, CA‐C bulk material assembling in a micro‐detonator can efficiently detonate the secondary explosive of CL‐20 under laser irradiation. This work hereby advances the fabrication of safe and powerful primary explosives for the fulfillment of safe micro‐initiator in a broad range of applications in aerospace systems.
Building and using nonlinear simulations in Excel with an application to the specific factors model
Authors: Gilbert John , Koska Onur A. , Oladi Reza
Published: March 2023

Excel simulation models have become increasingly common in the economics classroom, as their ability to combine numerical and graphical information has proved a useful support to traditional teaching methods. Recent efforts have tended to embed the solution within the Excel sheet, avoiding the need to use the Solver add‐in and allowing changes in the exogenous characteristics of the model to be instantly reflected in the numerical solutions and any associated geometry. While this is quite simple in small‐scale linear models, it is less straightforward in larger nonlinear models such as those that dominate the theory of international trade. We discuss various methods that can be used in building Excel simulations when it is not possible to solve the underlying model explicitly. We illustrate the ideas and describe our experiences along with a new simulation of the specific factors model.
Design and Performance Exploration of a Lead‐Free All‐Inorganic Hydrogenated Cs2AgBiBr6‐Based Double Perovskite Solar Cell: A Numerical Modeling Study
Authors: He Yizhou , Zhou Yifan , Wang Qi , Hao Qianxi , Guo Xiaowei , Li Shaorong
Published: March 2023

Lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 has attracted wide attention owing to its nontoxic and stable properties. Recently, hydrogenated Cs2AgBiBr6 (HCABB) films have been shown to possess superior optoelectronic properties than pristine Cs2AgBiBr6, and the double perovskite solar cell (DPSC) based on the films broke the efficiency record of DPSCs as soon as it was proposed. However, its poor energy band alignment and thin absorber layer thickness prevent HCABB from realizing its full photovoltaic potential. In this article, we design a lead‐free all‐inorganic HCABB‐based DPSC for application purposes. To explore its photovoltaic potential, we numerically optimize the transport layer materials, the thickness and bulk defect density of the absorber layer, the interface defect densities, the back contact material, and the parasitic series and shunt resistances step by step for the HCABB‐based DPSC. We predict the HCABB‐based DPSC with the structure of FTO/Nb2O5/HCABB/CuI/Cu can achieve an open‐circuit voltage of 1.139 V, short‐circuit current density of 22.40 mA cm−2, fill factor of 83.35%, and power conversion efficiency of 21.28%. Overall, our work explores the photovoltaic potential of HCABB and provides guidance for fabricating more efficient HCABB‐based DPSCs.
Cyclization of Inner Linear Alkyl Chains in Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors Toward Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Chao , Lu Guangkai , Sook Ryu Hwa , Song Jiali , Li Xiaoming , Sun Xiaobo , Young Woo Han , Sun Yanming
Published: March 2023

By changing the structures of the side chain on the backbone of the Y6 acceptor, many Y‐series acceptors have been synthesized to investigate the relationships between structures and properties of the fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs). However, not much attention has been paid to the effects of cycloalkane substituents on optoelectronic, morphological, and photovoltaic properties of the FREAs. Here, a brand‐new FREA D12 is developed by incorporating cyclohexylmethyl functional groups into the pyrrole rings of the backbone of the Y6 acceptor, and a similar compound E12 with the linear n‐heptane side chains is also synthesized for comparison. After the cyclization of the alkyl side‐chain, the molecular orientation of D12 exhibits favorable face‐on dominant, which endows D12 with higher charge mobility. Consequently, the organic solar cells (OSCs) with PM6 as donor and D12 as acceptor deliver the maximum power conversion efficiency of 17.3%, along with an excellent fill factor of 0.794, which is much higher than those of the PM6:E12‐based OSCs. The results reveal that introducing an inner cyclized alkyl chain on the pyrrole motif is a simple and feasible strategy to regulate molecular orientation and improve photovoltaic properties, which might provide guidelines for developing high‐performance electron acceptors.
Dual Functions of Defect Passivation and Hole Transport Dopant Enabled by Piperidyl Ionic Liquid for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Si Shenglin , Luo Wenqiang , Liang Yunqi , Xian Zihao , Wen Haoxin , Huang Xinxing , Yin Tianzhou , Guo Yixuan , Wu Hualin , Xu Yong , Huang Shaoming
Published: March 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently attracted rapid interest for harvesting solar energy. However, the defects in perovskite absorber and vulnerability of charge‐transporting layer lead to unsatisfying stability, which limits their practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate that the addition of a piperidyl ionic liquid, that is, 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([BMP]+[TFSI]−), can serve as a dual functional additive for passivating the intrinsic defects in perovskite and simultaneously improving the hydrophobicity of hole transport layer. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency for the optimal planar PSCs significantly increases from 21.07% to 23.34%. Impressively, the unencapsulated champion cells display promising stability with a reservation over 80% of the initial efficiency after exposure to moisture air (65% ± 5% relative humidity) for 1600 h. This work provides a facile strategy toward enhancing the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
Congestive heart failure secondary to both congenital and acquired defects in a Guernsey heifer
Authors: Upton Kaitlyn E. , Dunham Kylie M. , Di Bernardo Joel P. , Mulon Pierre‐Yves
Published: March 2023

A 13‐month‐old Guernsey heifer was admitted on emergency for vague signs of lethargy, bloat, hyporexia and a sudden onset of diarrhoea. On presentation, the heifer was tachycardic, febrile and diffusely oedematous. Bloodwork demonstrated no electrolyte abnormalities, increased liver enzymes, low total protein, increased lactate and a mild leukocytosis characterised by neutrophilia. Ultrasonographic exam revealed the presence of tricavitary effusion, a diffuse, hepatomegaly and an abnormal heart valve. Humane euthanasia was elected and a full autopsy was performed. On postmortem examination, the heart was twice the normal size and had two congenital defects, a ventricular septal defect and pulmonic valve leaflet atresia. Two valvular myxomas were present in the area of the pulmonic valve and likely contributed to further cardiac damage. Final postmortem diagnosis was congestive heart failure secondary to congenital heart defects and valvular myxomas. A postmortem serum cardiac troponin I was likely indicative of myocardial injury.
Aerodynamic performance of a dual turbine concept characterized by a relatively close distance between rotors
Authors: Mendoza Victor , Katsidoniotaki Eirini , Florentiades Markos , Dot Fraga Jorge , Dyachuk Eduard
Published: March 2023

In this work, a closely spaced dual turbine concept is studied. The distance between the two side‐by‐side hubs is 1.05
, where
is the rotor diameter. This configuration has a potential benefit for offshore wind developments in which power density can be maximized. The main goal is to evaluate the overall aerodynamic performance, blade loads, and wake structure of a reference wind turbine generator operating within this dual turbine configuration and to compare the effects against those for the typical single turbine configuration. For this purpose, an actuator line model has been employed together with the large eddy simulation approach for predicting the turbulence effects. This model was implemented by using the open‐source computational fluid dynamics toolbox OpenFOAM. Results show a better performance for the dual turbine concept. Under same operating conditions, the aerodynamic power of each turbine within the dual concept is higher than the power of the stand alone turbine, particularly at lower operating wind speeds (approximately 2% to 3% of extra power per turbine). Comparison between the two configurations shows similar character of the tangential and normal forces acting on the blades in terms of magnitude and fluctuation, eliminating potential concerns regarding fatigue and blade design. The largest difference in the tangential and normal root bending moments are approximately 3% and 2%, respectively, between single and dual turbine configurations. Finally, wake recovery analysis shows a downwind velocity deficit that is not enhanced streamwise in the dual turbine configuration with no considerable difference after 7
.
D-ärztlich veranlasste Psychotherapie
Authors: Jugert Josephine , Schröder Stefan G. , Drechsel-Schlund Claudia , Angerer Peter
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

Deutschlandweit liegt mit etwa 1 Mio. pro Jahr die Zahl von Arbeits- und Wegeunfällen seit Jahren konstant hoch, aktuell allerdings pandemiebedingt niedriger, aufgrund von partiellen Betriebsschließungen, Lockdown-Maßnahmen und der Zunahme von Arbeit aus dem „Homeoffice“.

Fragestellung

Die Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung e. V. (DGUV; gemeinsamer Spitzenverband der Unfallversicherungsträger) hat 2012 mit dem sog. Psychotherapeutenverfahren ein Instrument zur Förderung und zur Regulierung fachkundiger Versorgung psychischer Unfallfolgen geschaffen. Wie ist diese Regelung angenommen worden? Welche Fallkonstellationen werden beobachtet?

Material und Methode

Nationale Daten zur Nutzung des Psychotherapeutenverfahrens bei Arbeits- und Wegeunfällen werden rückblickend für die Jahrgänge 2013–2021 vorgestellt, exemplarisch auch regionale, inklusive Fallskizzen (aus Güstrow).

Ergebnisse

Deutschlandweit hat sich im betrachteten Zeitraum der Prozentsatz der Psychotherapien von 0,47 auf 0,96 % verdoppelt.

Diskussion

Die 10-Jahresbilanz ist positiv, das Psychotherapeutenverfahren wird offensichtlich gut angenommen. Der tatsächliche Psychotherapiebedarf lässt sich nur aus Einzelstudien abschätzen, repräsentative Studien fehlen. Interdisziplinäres klinisches und wissenschaftliches Engagement für die Psychotraumatisierten ist notwendig und zu optimieren. Grundwissen in Psychotraumatologie ist daher bereits für die D‑Arzt-Medizin in den unfallchirurgischen Weiterbildungskatalog aufgenommen worden.
Trends in hospital admissions among children with asthma in Spain (2011–2020)
Authors: Gutierrez-Albaladejo Natalia , Jimenez-Garcia Rodrigo , Albaladejo-Vicente Romana , Villanueva-Orbaiz Rosa , de-Miguel-Diez Javier , Noriega Concepción , Lopez-de-Andres Ana
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe and assess changes in incidence, clinical conditions, use of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay (LOHS), and in-hospital mortality (IHM) among children hospitalized with asthma in Spain from 2011 to 2020. We analyzed children aged 0 to 15 years hospitalized with an ICD code for asthma included in the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database (SNHDD). The analysis was conducted for asthma as the primary diagnosis and with asthma in any diagnosis position. Joinpoint regression was used to assess time trends in incidence. We included a total of 85,664 children hospitalized with asthma; of these, 46,727 (54.55%) had asthma coded as the primary diagnosis. The number of boys was higher than the number of girls, irrespective of age group or diagnostic position. The frequency of asthma as primary diagnosis decreased from 55.7% in 2011 to 43.96% in 2020 (p < 0.001). The incidence of hospitalizations because of asthma decreased significantly from 2011 to 2020, with a faster decrease from 2018 onwards. Over time, the proportion of older children increased. In the year 2020, only 55 children had codes for asthma and COVID-19 in their discharge report, and this infection had no effect on hospitalizations this year. A significant increase in the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was observed over time. Irrespective of the diagnostic position, LOHS and IHM remained stable over time, with the IHM under 0.1%.

  Conclusion: Our results show a decrease in the incidence of hospital admissions with asthma either as the primary diagnosis or in any position. The age of children hospitalized seems to be increasing as the use of NIV. Better management of the disease from primary care and the emergency department as is the use of NIV could explain the reduction in incidence.

What is Known:

• Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory in childhood in high income countries.

• The incidence of hospital admissions with asthma and associated factors is one of the best sources of information on morbidity trends and prognosis.

What is New:

• The incidence of hospital admissions for asthma in Spain decreased in children between 2011 and 2020 with a more frequent use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation and low mortality rates.

• COVID-19 did not cause an increase in admissions with asthma in the year 2020.
Metaphern am Lebensende: Resilienz als Widerstand oder Akzeptanz
Authors: Koller Veronika
Published: March 2023

Der Beitrag bietet eine Übersicht über das Forschungsprojekt „Metaphern in der Betreuung am Lebensende“, das von 2011 bis 2014 an der Universität Lancaster in Großbritannien durchgeführt wurde. Zielsetzung des Projekts war es zu zeigen, a) wie Patient*innen, Familienangehörige und Gesundheitspersonal Metaphern verwenden, um über ihre Erfahrungen mit und Erwartungen an Betreuung am Lebensende zu sprechen, b) auf welche Erfahrungen und Bedürfnisse dieser Metapherngebrauch hindeutet und c) welchen Beitrag zur Kommunikation im Gesundheitswesen die Ergebnisse leisten können. Ein Korpus, bestehend aus Interviews mit verschiedenen Personengruppen und deren Beiträgen in Internetforen, wurde manuellen und halbautomatischen Analysen unterzogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass insbesondere die Onlinekommunikation von Patient*innen und Familienangehörigen von Gewalt- und Reisemetaphern geprägt ist. Der Metapherngebrauch dieser Gruppen deutet auf ein Bedürfnis nach Solidarität und Gemeinschaft hin und reflektiert sowohl positive als auch negative Selbsterfahrungen. Resilienz kann als Widerstand gegen Krankheit oder als deren Akzeptanz verstanden werden.
A Review of Cyclist Head Injury, Impact Characteristics and the Implications for Helmet Assessment Methods
Authors: Baker Claire E. , Yu Xiancheng , Patel Saian , Ghajari Mazdak
Published: March 2023

Head injuries are common for cyclists involved in collisions. Such collision scenarios result in a range of injuries, with different head impact speeds, angles, locations, or surfaces. A clear understanding of these collision characteristics is vital to design high fidelity test methods for evaluating the performance of helmets. We review literature detailing real-world cyclist collision scenarios and report on these key characteristics. Our review shows that helmeted cyclists have a considerable reduction in skull fracture and focal brain pathologies compared to non-helmeted cyclists, as well as a reduction in all brain pathologies. The considerable reduction in focal head pathologies is likely to be due to helmet standards mandating thresholds of linear acceleration. The less considerable reduction in diffuse brain injuries is likely to be due to the lack of monitoring head rotation in test methods. We performed a novel meta-analysis of the location of 1809 head impacts from ten studies. Most studies showed that the side and front regions are frequently impacted, with one large, contemporary study highlighting a high proportion of occipital impacts. Helmets frequently had impact locations low down near the rim line. The face is not well protected by most conventional bicycle helmets. Several papers determine head impact speed and angle from in-depth reconstructions and computer simulations. They report head impact speeds from 5 to 16 m/s, with a concentration around 5 to 8 m/s and higher speeds when there was another vehicle involved in the collision. Reported angles range from 10° to 80° to the normal, and are concentrated around 30°–50°. Our review also shows that in nearly 80% of the cases, the head impact is reported to be against a flat surface. This review highlights current gaps in data, and calls for more research and data to better inform improvements in testing methods of standards and rating schemes and raise helmet safety.
Examining the Relationship Between HIV-Related Stigma and the Health and Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV: A Systematic Review
Authors: Robinson Abbie , Cooney Aoife , Fassbender Catherine , McGovern David P
Published: March 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects millions of people globally. The associated stigma remains a challenge for individuals living with HIV and children and adolescents face the additional challenge of withstanding the peer, pubertal and identity challenges associated with growing up. The current systematic review aimed to define and explore the major stigma-related challenges of children and adolescents from their own perspectives. A secondary aim was to identify any challenges distinct to childhood and adolescence. Studies included individuals aged 3 to 18 years who were aware of their status. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Narrative synthesis was conducted on the included studies. Five analytic themes emerged describing major stigma-related challenges: disclosure-related anxiety, medication adherence, feelings of abnormality, mental health issues and social exclusion. Disclosure-related anxiety and feelings of abnormality appeared to be largely confined to the experience of children and adolescents. Many of the themes centred around peer influence, highlighting the need to belong in youth. Results suggest that youth require tailored interventions targeting their age-specific challenges.
Data-driven prototyping via natural-language-based GUI retrieval
Authors: Kolthoff Kristian , Bartelt Christian , Ponzetto Simone Paolo
Published: March 2023

Rapid GUI prototyping has evolved into a widely applied technique in early stages of software development to facilitate the clarification and refinement of requirements. Especially high-fidelity GUI prototyping has shown to enable productive discussions with customers and mitigate potential misunderstandings, however, the benefits of applying high-fidelity GUI prototypes are accompanied by the disadvantage of being expensive and time-consuming in development and requiring experience to create. In this work, we showRaWi, a data-driven GUI prototyping approach that effectively retrieves GUIs for reuse from a large-scale semi-automatically created GUI repository for mobile apps on the basis of Natural Language (NL) searches to facilitate GUI prototyping and improve its productivity by leveraging the vast GUI prototyping knowledge embodied in the repository. Retrieved GUIs can directly be reused and adapted in the graphical editor ofRaWi. Moreover, we present a comprehensive evaluation methodology to enable (i) the systematic evaluation of NL-based GUI ranking methods through a novel high-quality gold standard and conduct an in-depth evaluation of traditional IR and state-of-the-art BERT-based models for GUI ranking, and (ii) the assessment of GUI prototyping productivity accompanied by an extensive user study in a practical GUI prototyping environment.
Event-Related Potentials Index Prediction Error Signalling During Perceptual Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions
Authors: Baker Kristen S. , Johnston Patrick , Yamamoto Naohide , Pegna Alan J.
Published: March 2023

Humans use socially relevant stimuli to guide perceptual processing of the surrounding environment, with emotional stimuli receiving preferential attention due to their social importance. Predictive coding theory asserts this cognitive process occurs efficiently by combining predictions about what is to be perceived with incoming sensory information, generating prediction errors that are then used to update future predictions. Recent evidence has identified differing neural activity that demonstrates how spatial and feature-based attention may interact with prediction, yet how emotion-guided attention may influence this relationship remains unknown. In the present study, participants viewed a display of two faces in which attention, prediction, and emotion were manipulated, and responded to a face expressing a specific emotion (anger or happiness). The N170 was found to be enhanced by unpredictable as opposed to predictable stimuli, indicating that it indexes general prediction error signalling processes. The N300 amplitudes were also enhanced by unpredictable stimuli, but they were also affected by the attentional status of angry but not happy faces, suggesting that there are differences in prediction error processes indexed by the N170 and N300. Overall, the findings suggest that the N170 and N300 both index violations of expectation for spatial manipulations of stimuli in accordance with prediction error responding processes.
Imparting cotton textiles glow-in-the-dark property along with other functional properties: photochromism, flame-retardant, water-repellency, and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Ahmed Esraa , Maamoun Dalia , Abdelrahman Meram S. , Hassan Talaat M. , Khattab Tawfik A.
Published: March 2023

Screen-printing and spray-coating methods were used to produce photoluminescent, water-repellent, and antimicrobial films on textile fibers. The cotton fabrics were firstly finished with a flame-resistant agent. There are a number of functional agents that have been applied during the textile finishing process, including strontium aluminate pigment as antibacterial and photoluminescent agent, flame-retardant organophosphate, and water-repellent silicone rubber. The current research investigated the surface morphologies and chemical compositions of the screen-printed and spray-coated fabric cottons using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). According to morphological analysis, the phosphor nanoparticles had sizes ranging from 2 to 12 nm. After excitation at 399 nm, the generated colorless photoluminescent layer deposited onto cotton surface showed an emission profile at 516 nm. The luminescence spectra and CIE Lab characteristics confirmed that the phosphor-coated textiles displayed a white color in visible spectrum and green emission in the presence of UV light. It has been shown by analysis that the tested colors are very stable over time. The measurements of static water contact and sliding angles were also explored. The self-extinguishing activity of the coated fabrics retained their flame-retardant properties over 24 laundry cycles. Antimicrobial activity, hydrophobicity, and luminous properties were improved without affecting the intrinsic physical and mechanical features of the treated textiles. Details on the CIE Lab colorimetric measurements were discussed. The stiffness and air permeability were examined to explore the flexibility and breathability of the treated textile fibers. Excellent reversibility and photostability were seen in the phosphor-coated materials.
Stable Voting
Authors: Holliday Wesley H. , Pacuit Eric
Published: March 2023

We propose a new single-winner voting system using ranked ballots: Stable Voting. The motivating principle of Stable Voting is that if a candidate A would win without another candidate B in the election, and A beats B in a head-to-head majority comparison, then A should still win in the election with B included (unless there is another candidate $$A'$$

A
′

who has the same kind of claim to winning, in which case a tiebreaker may choose between such candidates). We call this principle Stability for Winners (with Tiebreaking). Stable Voting satisfies this principle while also having a remarkable ability to avoid tied outcomes in elections even with small numbers of voters.
Systematic acoustic surveys inform priority conservation areas for koalas in a modified landscape
Authors: Whisson Desley A. , Rivera Paola , Rendall Anthony R.
Published: March 2023

Context

Landscape modification due to urbanisation, agriculture and other human activity can have considerable impact on species’ distributions. Understanding the influence of both site and landscape level characteristics is essential for guiding conservation actions.

Objectives

Our study aimed to determine the influence of site and landscape level characteristics on the distribution of koalas and to identify areas for conservation action in a modified landscape.

Methods

We used passive acoustic surveys undertaken from October 2019 to January 2020 to determine site occupancy by koalas at 123 sites on the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria, Australia. We extracted variables for each site (within 100 m of recorders) and landscape (within 1 km of recorders) within a GIS. Site variables were tree cover, land use and soundscape, and landscape variables were tree cover, fragmentation, road density, and watercourse length.

Results

Site variables did not have an influence on site occupancy by koalas. Landscape-scale tree cover positively influenced, and road density negatively influenced site occupancy. We used our model to predict site occupancy in one-hectare grid cells across the landscape and found that public land was three times as likely as land under private tenure to have high probability of koala presence. Based on our results, increasing tree cover in landscapes where there already is 30% to 68% tree cover and a sealed road density of < 1 m per hectare would have the greatest benefit for koalas. Approximately 85 km2(11%) of the Mornington Peninsula meets these criteria, with 87% of that land under private tenure.

Conclusions

Landscape context is of primary importance for conservation of koalas in a modified landscape. Modelling should be used to improve the effectiveness of conservation actions.
Robust transient oscillation reduction for rest-to-rest motion of underactuated multibody systems
Authors: Boscariol Paolo , Richiedei Dario
Published: March 2023

Conventional model-based design methods are often limited in their effectiveness by model-plant discrepancy. A solution to this problem is proposed in this work to enhance the robustness of motion planning solution for systems affected by parametric uncertainty. The method exploits a variational formulation in the form of a two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP) in which the robustness is achieved as a constraint enforced at the two boundaries. The formulation, which is specifically targeted at underactuated systems, aims at reducing both the transient and residual vibrations, as well as at mitigating the actuation effort. The development of the method is supported by its application to two numerical test-cases in the form of a double pendulum on a cart and a translating flexible beam.
The Economic Return to Labour Market Experience of Immigrants in Sweden
Authors: Tibajev Andrey
Published: March 2023

This study focuses on the value that employers assign to immigrants’ labour market experience, from both before and after immigration, using a surveyed representative sample of the Swedish immigrant and native populations. A novel feature of the survey is that it contains a measure of immigrants’ actual years of labour market experience, including about work before immigration. Previous research has, in contrast, relied on so-called potential measures, risking bias in the analyses. For immigrants, results show that only pre-immigration labour market experience from the Nordic countries has a positive return. Results also show that return to labour market experience after immigration does not depend on whether the individual acquired Sweden-specific human capital before or with the entry into the labour market. Natives and immigrants, as well as immigrants with and without schooling or upbringing in Sweden, have parallel wage trajectories across labour market experience years, with immigrants being at a stable disadvantage. This is interpreted to be caused by immigrants being sorted into jobs with worse opportunities to acquire new human capital compared with natives.
Trends in mortality and comorbidities in hemodialysis patients between 2012 and 2017 in an East-European Country: a retrospective study
Authors: Chisavu Lazar , Mihaescu Adelina , Bob Flaviu , Motofelea Alexandru , Schiller Oana , Marc Luciana , Dragota-Pascota Razvan , Chisavu Flavia , Schiller Adalbert
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evidence trends and changes in mortality, comorbid conditions, prognosis, and causes of death after 5 years of continuous evolution of hemodialysis (HD) patients in Romania.

Methods

We included two cohorts of stable HD patients (901 from 2012 and 1396 from 2017). Both cohorts were followed up for 1 year. The 5-year survivors of the 2012 cohort were identified in 2017 and their data changes were assessed.

Results

The 2017 patients were older, with longer time on dialysis, higher serum creatinine and urea levels, and required higher ultrafiltration volume per dialysis. They also had lower hemoglobin, lower C-reactive protein, higher albumin, higher calcium bicarbonate, and higher parathyroidectomy prevalence. The 2017 cohort presented with lower average dialysis flow, less administration of iron sucrose, had more catheters, lower hepatitis C prevalence, higher diabetes mellitus prevalence, higher heart valve calcifications, higher heart rate disorders, higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and lower ejection fraction. Cardiovascular disease was the main cause of death in both years (50% in 2012 and 45.6% in 2017), followed by sepsis and cancer. The mortality was higher in 2017 compared to 2012 (14.1 vs 6.6%). The 5-year mortality was 37.2% with an average of 7.44%/year. The risk of death increased with age, higher C-reactive protein, higher phosphate, lower hemoglobin, and lower albumin.

Conclusion

Cardiovascular disease remains the main causes of death in HD-treated patients but with decreasing trend. Developing regional therapeutic strategies for quality care with early intervention will most likely improve mortality.
Five-Band Millimeter-Wave Antenna of Circular/Linear Polarization for Forthcoming Generations of Mobile Handsets
Authors: Elsharkawy Rania R. , Hussein Khalid F. A. , Farahat Asmaa E.
Published: March 2023

A compact planar antenna is proposed to operate in five millimeter-wave frequency bands at 28, 51, 55, 59, and 63 GHz. The antenna is designed to produce circular polarization at 28 GHz and linear polarization at the other four frequencies. The 28 GHz frequency band is recommended for long range communications, whereas the other four frequencies are recommended for short range communications due to the atmospheric absorption in this range of the millimeter-wave frequencies and to provide more secure communications. The reasons behind the selection of the specific values of the higher frequency bands (51, 55, 59, and 63 GHz) are (i) to provide enough number of multiple bands at such unlicensed frequency range to be used as alternatives for different applications, (ii) to give about 4 GHz separation between the center frequencies of each band and, (iii) finally, to avoid the operation at 60 GHz, in particular, due to the peak atmospheric absorption of millimeter-wave encountered at this frequency. The antenna is constructed as a square patch surrounded by five parasitic elements that are capacitively coupled to the square patch so as to realize the location of the resonant frequencies of the higher frequency bands. The antenna is fabricated and its performance is experimentally evaluated. The proposed antenna is shown to operate efficiently over the five frequency bands 28, 51, 55, 59, and 63 GHz providing impedance matching bandwidths of 2.0, 0.9, 1.2, 1.1, and 1.6 GHz, respectively. The corresponding values of the maximum gain are 7.0, 6.8, 6.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dBi, respectively. Also, the corresponding radiation efficiencies are 90, 90, 91, 78, and 86%, respectively. The 3 dB-axial ratio bandwidth at 28 GHz is about 1.2 GHz.
Quantitation of pesticides in bee bread collected from honey bee colonies in an agricultural environment in Switzerland
Authors: Schaad Emmanuel , Fracheboud Marion , Droz Benoît , Kast Christina
Published: March 2023

Pesticide contamination of bee products is a widespread phenomenon. Due to its composition, bee bread is affected by both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances. As proof of concept of a monitoring campaign and to better understand the extent of contamination, we developed an analytical method based on a modified QuEChERS extraction, with subsequent separation by liquid chromatography and detection by mass spectrometry. This allowed for the quantitation of 51 agricultural- or beekeeping-associated pesticides in bee bread. The workflow was applied to 60 samples taken biweekly throughout spring to autumn 2022 from five colonies at a Swiss apiary in an agricultural area. In total, 30 pesticides were identified (> LOD), among which 26 pesticides were quantitated. The total number of pesticides detected per colony ranged from 11 to 19. The most prevalent substances (> LOQ) were two neonicotinoid insecticides, acetamiprid and thiacloprid (max. 16 μg/kg and 37 μg/kg, respectively); seven fungicides, azoxystrobin (max. 72 μg/kg), boscalid (max. 50 μg/kg), cyprodinil (max. 1965 μg/kg), difenoconazole (max. 73 μg/kg), mandipropamid (max. 33 μg/kg), pyraclostrobin (max. 8 μg/kg) and trifloxystrobin (max. 38 μg/kg); and two herbicides, prosulfocarb (max. 38 μg/kg) and terbuthylazine (max. 26 μg/kg). The study revealed strong variability in pesticide occurrence and concentrations among colonies sampled at the same site and date. The applied biweekly sampling of bee bread from March to August was shown to be reliable in capturing peak contaminations and revealing the onset of certain pesticides in bee bread. The study provides an adequate practical approach for pesticide monitoring campaigns.
Rahmenbedingungen und Herausforderungen kultureller Bildung in ländlichen Räumen – ein systematischer Literaturüberblick
Authors: Büdel Martin , Kolleck Nina
Published: March 2023

Kulturelle Bildung ist auf eine vielfältige Angebotsstruktur und die Kooperationen unterschiedlicher Bildungs- und Kultureinrichtungen angewiesen, um kulturelle Teilhabe zu ermöglichen. Die intensive Förderung durch öffentliche, zivilgesellschaftliche und private Akteur*innen hat in den letzten Jahren zu einem Ausbau von formalen und non-formalen Bildungsangeboten geführt. Gleichzeitig finden sich zunehmend Forschungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiet, deren Fokus weiterhin stärker auf städtische Bildungskontexte als auf die Bedingungen ländlicher Räume gerichtet ist. Vor allem fehlt bislang eine systematische Bestandsaufnahme der vorhandenen Studien und Erkenntnisse zu kultureller Bildung speziell in ländlichen Räumen. Der vorliegende systematische Review setzt hier an und erarbeitet einen umfassenden Überblick über Publikationen zu kultureller Bildung, Kulturarbeit und Soziokultur in ländlichen Räumen. Inhaltlich steht bei dieser Untersuchung die Aufarbeitung der Rahmenbedingungen und Herausforderungen kultureller Bildung in ländlichen Räumen im Mittelpunkt. Die Beschreibung zentraler Themen erfolgt dabei entlang von drei Teilbereichen: kommunal- und kulturpolitischen Bedingungen, (infra-) strukturellen Faktoren sowie kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Dimensionen.
Clinical Appraisal of Cefiderocol in the Treatment of Non-fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli
Authors: McLeod Caleb C. , Tan Karen K. , Kebriaei Razieh , Abdul-Mutakabbir Jacinda C.
Published: March 2023

Purpose of Review

Cefiderocol has a potential role in the treatment of infections caused by increasingly resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative organisms.

Recent Findings

Non-fermenting Gram-negative organisms pose a unique threat to public health given their arsenal of inherent resistance mechanisms. High rates of intrinsic resistance to a wide array of agents, inducible adaptive resistance, and the ability to acquire resistance through horizontal transfer of resistance genes limit the utility of conventional antimicrobial treatment options against non-fermenting Gram-negative infections. Beta-lactams, one of the most reliable classes of antimicrobials, are often rendered inactive by the acquisition of beta-lactamases, with activity potentially restored by beta-lactamase inhibitors. Alteration of intrinsic mechanisms of resistance, porin channels, and efflux pumps reduce the ability of beta-lactamase inhibitors to protect the activity of beta-lactams. This multifactorial nature of resistance exhibited by non-fermenting Gram-negative organisms is difficult to overcome and novel agents are needed to combat this growing threat.

Cefiderocol is a novel siderophore cephalosporin that utilizes the active transport of ferric iron to gain access to the periplasmic space of Gram-negative organisms. Cefiderocol also has additional modifications that confer some stability in the presence of beta-lactamases, which can be particularly beneficial for infections caused by non-fermenters. Herein, we discuss the potential role of cefiderocol therapy in the management of infections caused by non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, with an intentional focus on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas spp.
Techno-economic analysis of methanol synthesis from syngas derived from steam reforming of crude glycerol
Authors: Kgwedi P. C. , Seedat N. , Fajimi L. I. , Patel B. , Oboirien B. O.
Published: March 2023

Due to the large amount of crude glycerol produced as a by-product by the biodiesel industry, alternative technologies for converting glycerol to value-added fuels such as syngas have been proposed. By employing four main processes, the syngas could further be used to produce methanol. The first process is steam reforming (STR) where the crude glycerol is converted into syngas. The next step is a three-unit pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system which is employed to condition the syngas into the required stoichiometric ratio. The final two process are the methanol synthesis and methanol purification processes. The effects of STR temperature, steam-to-glycerol ratio (SGR), methanol synthesis temperature and pressure were all investigated. The results obtained shows that 0.29 kgMeOH/kgCG can be obtained through this process at STR of 650 ℃, SGR of 9, and methanol synthesis temperature and pressure of 250 ℃ and 80 bar respectively. In addition, a methanol production plant capacity of 6.8 tonnes/hr of crude glycerol feed for a 20-year plant life was investigated. The result from the economic analysis carried out shows that production of methanol from glycerol is economically feasible with net present value (NPV), return on investment, (ROI), discounted payback period (DPBP) and net production cost (NPC) of $74.2 million, 17%, 4.59 years, and 85₵/kgMeOH respectively. The sensitivity analysis results show that the revenue from sales of methanol and byproducts (hydrogen and methane), the manufacturing cost, the cost of raw materials, as well as fixed capital investment (FCI) were the most sensitive economic parameters.