bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additional data on reevesite and its Co-analogue, as a new member of the hydrotalcite group
Authors: Song Y. , Moon H.-S.
Published: July 2002

Reevesite, the Ni-Fe member of the hydrotalcite group, occurs as a secondary mineral in the serpentinized ultramafic rocks of the Kwangcheon area in Korea, replacing the pecoraitc-magnetite-millerite-polydymite assemblages in small veins lining cracks and fracture zones. Chemical analyses for the reevesites indicate the presence of the Co-analogue of reevesite and the complete solid-solution between Fe3+and Co3+. The Co-analogue of the reevesite shows the approximate ratio of 3:1 of divalent to trivalent cations, which is in distinct contrast to the comblainite with the ratio of 2:1 reported by Piret & Deliens (1980). The presence of the complete solid-solution phase between Fe3+and Co3+is confirmed by synthesis at room temperature. On the basis of the results, the Co-analogue of the reevesite should be named as a new member of the hydrotalcite group, and thereby be distinguished from the comblainite. The partial substitutions of SO2-4for CO2-3in the interlayer region might affect the slight increase of the basal spacing in the reevesite. The synthesis performed suggests that the reevesite could be precipitated under either an alkaline or a neutral environment, if carbonate activity is high enough.
New uses for brick-making clay materials from the Bailén area (southern Spain)
Authors: Gonzalez I. , Galan E. , Miras A. , Aparicio P.
Published: July 2002

An attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of some diatomite, feldspar or kaolin. Based on their properties, clay materials from Bailén might be suitable for making porous red wall tiles, clinker, vitrified red floor tiles and porous light-coloured wall tiles by pressing; the first could be manufactured from the raw materials and mixtures currently used by the local manufactures. On the other hand, stoneware shaped by extrusion, such as perforated bricks, facing bricks and roofing tiles, can be also manufactured from the mixtures used at the factory if they contain 20-25% carbonate and small amounts of iron oxides; lightweight bricks require black and yellow clays with diatomite.
Chemical composition and Gibbs standard free energy of formation of Fe(II)-Fe(III) hydroxysulphate green rust and Fe(II) hydroxide
Authors: Refait Ph. , Bon C. , Simon L. , Bourrié G. , Trolard F. , Bessière J. , Gènin J.-M. R.
Published: July 2002

The redox potential and pH of aerated suspensions of iron(II) hydroxide in sulphate–containing aqueous solutions are measured during the oxidation process. Plateaux corresponding to the equilibrium conditions between Fe(OH)2(s) and Fe(II)-Fe(III) hydroxysulphate GR2(SO2-4)(s) on the one hand, and between GR2(SO2-4)(s) and FeOOH(s) on the other hand, are displayed. Potentiometry, voltammetry, pH-metry and Mössbauer spectroscopy are applied to follow all reactions. The thermodynamic meaning of the measured potential of the first plateau which corresponds to the GR2(SO2-4)(s)/Fe(OH)2(s) equilibrium is demonstrated. The chemical composition of GR2(SO2-4)(s) is found to be FeII4 FeIII2(OH)12SO4·nH2O all along the oxidation process, implying that this compound must be considered as a pure phase with a well-defined composition. The Gibbs standard free energy of formation or chemical potential μ°[GR2(SO2-4)(s)] in ‘anhydrous form’ (n = 0) is determined at −3790±10 kJ mol-1. A consistent value of μ°[Fe(OH)2(s)] at −490±1 kJ mol-1 is obtained.
Phenocrystic fluorite in peralkaline rhyolites, Olkaria, Kenya Rift Valley
Authors: Marshall A. S. , Hinton R. W. , Macdonald R.
Published: July 2002

The first occurrence of phenocrystic fluorite in a peralkaline rhyolite is reported from Quaternary lavas (agpaitic index 1.11–1.37) erupted from the Greater Olkaria Volcanic Complex, Kenya. Fluorite compositions are almost stoichiometric, with 0.65–1.49 ΣREE + Y oxides. Relative to coexisting glass (melt), the fluorites are enriched in REE, Y and Sr, are strongly depleted in all other trace elements and concentrate MREE relative to LREE and HREE. Y partitions into fluorite more strongly than the HREE. Fractionation of fluorite in its modal abundance would not significantly affect the REE abundances in the residual liquids, nor result in stronger Sr depletion. The P, T and composition conditions which stabilize fluorite in rhyolitic magmas are still obscure.
CD99 expression is positively regulated by Sp1 and is negatively regulated by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 through nuclear factor-κB
Authors: Lee Im-soon , Kim Min Kyung , Choi Eun Young , Mehl Anja , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Gil Min Chan , Rowe Martin , Park Seong Hoe
Published: July 2002

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) is highly expressed in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells from patients with EBV-associated Hodgkin disease. It was previously demonstrated that CD99 can be negatively regulated by LMP1 at the transcriptional level, and the decreased expression of CD99 in a B lymphocyte cell line generates H-RS–like cells. In this study, detailed dissection of the CD99 promoter region was performed to search regulatory factor(s) involved in the expression of the gene. Using various mutant constructs containing deletions in the promoter region, it was revealed that the maximal promoter activity was retained on 5′-deletion to the position −137 from the transcriptional initiation site. Despite the presence of multiple putative Sp1-binding sites in the promoter region, the site located at −95 contributes heavily as a positive cis-acting element to its basal promoter activity. However, on examination of the involvement of the positive-acting Sp1-binding site of the promoter for the repressive activity of LMP1, it appeared to be dispensable. Instead, the repressive effect was mapped to the nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation domains in the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus of LMP1 despite the absence of the NF-κB consensus sequences in the CD99 promoter region. Furthermore, the decreased CD99 promoter activity by LMP1 was markedly restored when NF-κB activity was inhibited. Taken together, these data suggest that Sp1 activates, whereas LMP1 represses, transcription from the CD99 promoter through the NF-κB signaling pathway, and they might aid in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis in EBV-positive Hodgkin disease.
Early growth response gene 1 stimulates development of hematopoietic progenitor cells along the macrophage lineage at the expense of the granulocyte and erythroid lineages
Authors: Krishnaraju Kandasamy , Hoffman Barbara , Liebermann Dan A.
Published: July 2002

Using a variety of differentiation-inducible myeloid cell lines, we previously showed that the zinc-finger transcription factor early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1) is a positive modulator of macrophage differentiation and negatively regulates granulocytic differentiation. In this study, high-efficiency retroviral transduction was used to ectopically express Egr-1 in myeloid-enriched or stem cell–enriched bone marrow cultures to explore its effect on the development of hematopoietic progenitors in vitro and in lethally irradiated mice. It was found that ectopic Egr-1 expression in normal hematopoietic progenitors stimulates development along the macrophage lineage at the expense of development along the granulocyte or erythroid lineages, regardless of the cytokine used. Moreover, Egr-1 accelerated macrophage development by suppressing the proliferative phase of the growth-to-macrophage developmental program. The remarkable ability of Egr-1 to dictate macrophage development at the expense of development along other lineages resulted in failure of Egr-1–infected hematopoietic progenitors to repopulate the bone marrow and spleen, and thereby prevent death, in lethally irradiated mice. These observations further highlight the role Egr-1 plays in monocytic differentiation and growth suppression.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase εC selectively inhibits interleukin-6– and interleukin- 10–induced JAK-STAT signaling
Authors: Tanuma Nobuhiro , Shima Hiroshi , Nakamura Koji , Kikuchi Kunimi
Published: July 2002

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) ε (PTPε) exists as 2 forms generated by alternative promoter usage. It has recently been reported that a cytosolic isoform of PTPε (PTPεC) when over-expressed in murine M1 myeloid cells inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6)– and leukemia inhibitory factor–induced activation of Janus kinsases (JAKs), thereby suppressing STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and STAT3 signaling. This study characterizes an inhibitory action of PTPεC on IL-6 signaling and also reveals that PTPεC inhibitory activity is independent of other potential negative regulators, such as SHP-2 and SOCS family proteins. Furthermore, it analyzes the selectivity of PTPεC action toward several cytokines. On IL-6 stimulation, expression of PTPεC-DA, a catalytically inactive mutant of PTPεC, results in an earlier onset of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting different modes of action between PTPεC and other negative regulators. In addition, the study shows PTPεC-DA enhances activation of STAT1 by IL-6 as well. In terms of specificity to cytokines, over-expressed PTPεC also inhibits IL-10–induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in M1 cells, whereas PTPεC does not affect either interferon-β– and interferon-γ–induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STATs or expression of STAT transcriptional targets. Among cytokines tested, the inhibitory effect of PTPεC is selective to IL-6– and IL-10–induced JAK-STAT signaling.
Lentivirus administration to rat muscle provides efficient sustained expression of erythropoietin
Authors: Seppen Jurgen , Barry Simon C. , Harder Brandon , Osborne William R. A.
Published: July 2002

A lentivirus pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) encoding rat erythropoietin (EPO) complementary DNA was administered to rat skeletal muscle and red blood cell production was serially monitored. After a single intramuscular injection hematocrit values increased and reached a plateau at about 35 days and were sustained for at least 14 months. Virus doses of 6 × 107infectious units and 6 × 106 infectious units produced significantly increased mean hematocrit values of 68.5% ± 2.1% (P < .001, n = 4) and 52.7% ± 1.3% (P < .001, n = 3), respectively, over values of control animals receiving normal saline (46.2% ± 1.5%, n = 2). A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for vector sequences in genomic DNA showed muscle tissue at the site of injection was positive and undetectable in liver, spleen, kidney, and lung. The intramuscular administration of lentivirus provided a dose-responsive, highly efficient and sustained EPO gene delivery, suggesting these vectors may be applied generally to the systemic delivery of proteins such as hormones and clotting factors.
Newly recognized cellular abnormalities in the gray platelet syndrome
Authors: Drouin Arnaud , Favier Rémi , Massé Jean-Marc , Debili Najet , Schmitt Alain , Elbim Carole , Guichard Josette , Adam Mircea , Gougerot-Pocidalo Marie-Anne , Cramer Elisabeth M.
Published: July 2002

The gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare congenital bleeding disorder in which thrombocytopenia is associated with increased platelet size and decreased α-granule content. This report describes 3 new pediatric cases presenting with the classical platelet abnormalities of GPS within one family with normal parents. Examination of blood smears of the 3 patients demonstrated not only gray platelets, but also gray polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with decreased or abnormally distributed components of secretory compartments (alkaline phosphatase, CD35, CD11b/CD18). Secondary granules were also decreased in number as assayed by immunoelectron microscopy. These data confirm that the secretory compartments in neutrophils were also deficient in this family. Megakaryocytes (MKs) were cultured from the peripheral blood CD34+ cells of the 3 patients for 14 days, in the presence of thrombopoietin and processed for immunoelectron microscopy. Although von Willebrand factor (vWF) was virtually undetectable in platelets, vWF immunolabeling was conspicuous in cultured maturing MKs, particularly within Golgi saccules, but instead of being packaged in α-granules, it was released into the demarcation membrane system. In contrast, P-selectin followed a more classical pathway. Double-labeling experiments confirmed that vWF was following an intracellular pathway distinct from the one of P-selectin. In these 3 new cases of GPS, the MKs appeared to abnormally process vWF, with secretion into the extracellular space instead of normal α-granule packaging. Furthermore, the secretory compartment of another blood cell line, the neutrophil, was also affected in this family of GPS.
Phenotype changes resulting in high-affinity binding of von Willebrand factor to recombinant glycoprotein Ib-IX: analysis of the platelet-type von Willebrand disease mutations
Authors: Tait A. Sasha , Cranmer Susan L. , Jackson Shaun P. , Dawes Ian W. , Chong Beng H.
Published: July 2002

To maintain hemostasis under shear conditions, there must be an interaction between the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX receptor and the plasma ligand von Willebrand factor (vWf). In platelet-type von Willebrand disease (Pt-vWD), hemostasis is compromised. Two mutations in the GPIbα polypeptide chain have been identified in these patients—a glycine-233 to valine change and a methionine-239 to valine change. For this investigation, these mutant proteins have been expressed in a Chinese hamster ovary cell model system. Ligand-binding studies were performed at various concentrations of ristocetin, and adhesion assays were performed under flow conditions. The Pt-vWD mutations resulted in a gain-of-function receptor. vWf binding was increased at all concentrations of ristocetin examined, and adhesion on a vWf matrix was enhanced in terms of cell tethering, slower rolling velocity, and decreased detachment with increasing shear rate. Two other mutations were also introduced into the GPIbα chain. One mutation, encompassing both the Pt-vWD mutations, created an increase in the hydrophobicity of this region. The second mutation, involving a valine-234 to glycine change, decreased the hydrophobicity of this region. Both mutations also resulted in a gain-of-function receptor, with the double mutation producing a hyperreactive receptor for vWf. These data further support the hypothesis that ligand binding is regulated by conformational changes in the amino-terminal region of GPIbα, thereby influencing the stability of the GPIbα–vWf interaction.
Underrepresentation of Black Men in Physician Assistant and Associate Training
Authors: Kibe Lucy W. , Schrode Katrina M. , Paik Samuel , Frias-Sarmiento Dominique
Published: October 2024

Importance

The underrepresentation of Black men in the health care workforce, particularly among physician assistants and associates (PAs), represents a missed opportunity to alleviate shortages of health care professionals and enhance workforce diversity. Increasing the number of Black men in the training pipeline could significantly benefit education, patient care, and overall health outcomes.

Objective

To analyze patterns from 2013 to 2021 among Black men applying to and matriculating into PA programs and compare these figures with the age-specific US population of Black men.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study assessed deidentified application and matriculation data from the Central Application Service for Physician Assistants (CASPA) for PA training programs in the US, alongside US Census data. CASPA applicants reporting race and gender identities as Black male were included. Data were obtained March 10, 2023, from the 2012-2013 to the 2020-2021 application cycles; data were analyzed from June 2023 to May 2024.

Exposures

Black male applicants and matriculation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Patterns and proportion of Black male applicants and matriculants to PA programs relative to total rates and expected numbers.

Results

From 2013 to 2021, PA programs grew 64.3%, with an increase in applicants from 19 761 to 30 196 and matriculants from 6192 to 11 115. Despite this growth, the representation of Black men among applicants (from 435 to 732) and matriculants (from 73 to 156) remained stagnant, averaging 2.2% and 1.2%, respectively, significantly lower than their 8.7% (3 920 231 individuals aged 20-29 years) representation in the US Census. In 2021, the matriculation rate for Black men (156 of 732 [21.3%]) was notably lower than the matriculation rate for all applicants (11 115 of 30 196 [36.8%]). Based on the expected proportion of Black men in the PA applicant age range, there should have been 2641 applicants (actual: 732) and 972 matriculants (actual: 156) across 308 PA programs in 2021; these numbers indicate that, per program, approximately 9 applicants would have to have been evaluated and 3 matriculated to achieve parity, in contrast to the mean of 2 applicants and 1 matriculant per 2 programs.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of PA applicants and matriculants, Black men remained substantially underrepresented despite overall growth of PA training programs. The low representation among matriculants was due in part to the low numbers of applicants but also to substantially lower matriculation success. This persistent underrepresentation highlights systemic barriers and underscores the need for targeted interventions to achieve a more representative health care workforce. To achieve equitable admissions, each PA program should aim to evaluate 9 Black male applicants and matriculate 3 Black men annually.
Disposing of Unwanted Firearms and Firearm Injury Prevention
Authors: Humphreys David K. , Wiebe Douglas J.
Published: October 2024

This comparative effectiveness study estimates the size of the US firearm stock by 2034.
Parental Health and Flourishing Among Young US Children
Authors: Polnaszek Brock E. , Griffin Laurie B. , Amanullah Siraj , Tuuli Methodius G. , Lewkowitz Adam K. , Gjelsvik Annie
Published: October 2024

This cross-sectional study investigates the association between parental health and flourishing among children aged 6 months to 5 years in the US.
Malformin C preferentially kills glioblastoma stem‐like cells via concerted induction of proteotoxic stress and autophagic flux blockade
Authors: Phillips Emma , van Enk Sizèd , Kildgaard Sara , Schlue Silja , Göttmann Mona , Jennings Victoria , Bethke Frederic , Müller Gabriele , Herold‐Mende Christel , Pastor‐Flores Daniel , Schneider Martin , Helm Dominic , Ostenfeld Larsen Thomas , Goidts Violaine
Published: October 2024

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor for which there is no cure. The dire prognosis of this disease is largely attributable to a high level of heterogeneity, including the presence of a subpopulation of tumor‐initiating glioblastoma stem‐like cells (GSCs), which are refractory to chemo‐ and radiotherapy. Here, in an unbiased marine‐derived fungal extract screen, together with bioguided dereplication based on high‐resolution mass spectrometry, we identified malformin C to preferentially induce cell death in patient‐derived GSCs and explore the potential of this cyclic peptide as a therapeutic agent for glioblastoma. Malformin C significantly reduced tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft model of glioblastoma. Using transcriptomics and chemoproteomics, we found that malformin C binds to many proteins, leading to their aggregation, and rapidly induces the unfolded protein response, including autophagy, in GSCs. Crucially, chemical inhibition of translation using cycloheximide rescued malformin C‐induced cell death in GSCs, demonstrating that the proteotoxic effect of the compound is necessary for its cytotoxicity. At the same time, malformin C appears to accumulate in lysosomes, disrupting autophagic flux, and driving cells to death. Supporting this, malformin C synergizes with chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy. Strikingly, we observed that autophagic flux is differentially regulated in GSCs compared with normal astrocytes. The sensitivity of GSCs to malformin C highlights the relevance of proteostasis and autophagy as a therapeutic vulnerability in glioblastoma.
Broad Temperature Plateau for High Piezoelectric Coefficient by Embedding PNRs in Singe‐Phase KNN‐Based Ceramics
Authors: Hua Yin , Qian Jin , Yang Yuxuan , Wang Simin , Ge Guanglong , Zhang Yang , Lin Jimin , Lin Jinfeng , Wu Haijun , Li Fei , Zhai Jiwei
Published: October 2024

To date, the enormous potential of lead‐free piezoceramics in ultrasonic transducers and micro‐actuators has driven extensive research and development. Although the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of lead‐free ceramics is improved unprecedentedly, the breakthrough in comprehensive performance is still a key issue, one of which is the inverse relationship between d33 and Curie temperature (TC), and the other is the temperature stability of piezoelectricity. Here, based on the synergistic optimization of the chemical component modulation and texture technology, the high Curie temperature (≈365 °C), high piezoelectric properties (d33 ≈331 pC/N, d33* ≈561 pm V−1) and advanced piezoelectric temperature stability are realized by embedded PNRs in the conceived and prepared lead‐free single phase 0.96((K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.98Ta0.02)O3)‐0.01(Bi(Ni0.67Nb0.33)O3)‐0.03(Bi0.5K0.5)HfO3 texture ceramics. The d33 changes by only 2.0% when the temperature is increased from 25 to 100 °C (≈10.0% to 200 °C), while the electrical strain (d33*) changes by only 4.2% when the temperature is increased from 25 to 175 °C (≈9.8% to 200 °C), which is comparable to the commercial lead‐based materials (i.e., PZT‐4). This work demonstrates significant progress in the comprehensive piezoelectric performance (especially the piezoelectric temperature stability) of lead‐free ceramics and inspires further attempts to achieve high‐temperature piezoelectric properties.
MHz High Performance of Soft Magnetic Composite with Ordered Domain Structure for Efficient Conversion of Electrical Energy
Authors: Jin Xiaowei , Li Tong , Yao Yuping , Wang Chaojie , Shi Huigang , Chai Guozhi , Gao Daqiang , Jia Chenglong , Xi Li , Xue Desheng
Published: October 2024

Soft magnetic materials are a core element of power electronics and electrical machines. However, none of the soft magnetic materials is able to exploit the full potential of wide bandgap semiconductors, which operate above MHz frequency for efficient energy conversion in power electronic systems. Here, a high‐performance Fe–Si soft magnetic composites with a 2D ordered domain structure are reported, enabling efficient energy conversion at MHz frequencies. By transforming spherical particles into flakes and arranging them in layers, 2D magnetic domains are created within the composite. This leads to a 90% increase in permeability and a tenfold decrease in loss at 3 MHz compared to composite made with spherical particles. The significantly increased cut‐off frequency indicates that the ordered flaky particles are suitable for MHz applications, unlike the disordered spherical particles. These findings provide an effective approach for fabricating high performance soft magnetic composites from traditional spherical particles and miniaturizing magnetic devices for efficient power electronics operation.
Prussian Blue‐Derived Atomic Fe/Fe3C@N‐Doped C Catalysts Supported by Carbon Cloth as Integrated Air Cathode for Flexible Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Zihan , Ren Jing , Ling Guoqiang , Guo Junjie , Lv Yongkang , Ren Rui‐Peng
Published: October 2024

The development of an integrated air cathode with superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance is fundamental to flexible zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) for wearable electronics. Herein, a self‐assembled metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived strategy is proposed to prepare a atomic Fe/Fe3C@N‐doped C catalysts supported by carbon cloth (CC) catalyst for use as an air cathode of flexible ZABs. The Prussian Blue precursor, which self‐assembles on the surface of the carbon cloth due to electrostatic attraction, is critical in achieving the uniform dispersion of catalysts with high density loading on carbon cloth substrates. The hollow cubic structure, N‐doped carbon layer coating, and the integrated electrode design can provide more accessible active sites and facilitate a rapid electron transfer and mass transport. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that the electronic interactions between the Fe‐N4 and Fe3C dual active sites can optimize the adsorption‐desorption behavior of oxygen intermediates formed during the ORR. Consequently, the Fe/Fe3C@N‐doped C/CC exhibits an excellent half wave potential (E1/2 = 0.903 V) and superior long‐term cycling stability in alkaline environments. With excellent ORR performance, ZABs and flexible ZABs based on Fe/Fe3C@N‐doped C/CC air cathode demonstrate excellent overall electrochemical performance in terms of open circuit voltage, maximum power density, flexibility, and cycling stability.
From Lab to Life: Self‐Powered Sweat Sensors and Their Future in Personal Health Monitoring
Authors: Gao Nan , Xu Guodong , Chang Gang , Wu Yuxiang
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of wearable sweat sensors has demonstrated their potential for continuous, non‐invasive disease diagnosis and health monitoring. Emerging energy harvesters capable of converting various environmental energy sources—biomechanical, thermal, biochemical, and solar—into electrical energy are revolutionizing power solutions for wearable devices. Based on self‐powered technology, the integration of the energy harvesters with wearable sweat sensors can drive the device for biosensing, signal processing, and data transmission. As a result, self‐powered sweat sensors are able to operate continuously without external power or charging, greatly facilitating the development of wearable electronics and personalized healthcare. This review focuses on the recent advances in self‐powered sweat sensors for personalized healthcare, covering sweat sensors, energy harvesters, energy management, and applications. The review begins with the foundations of wearable sweat sensors, providing an overview of their detection methods, materials, and wearable devices. Then, the working mechanism, structure, and a characteristic of different types of energy harvesters are discussed. The features and challenges of different energy harvesters in energy supply and energy management of sweat sensors are emphasized. The review concludes with a look at the future prospects of self‐powered sweat sensors, outlining the trajectory of the field and its potential to flourish.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Annulation of (Het)aryl Amides with α‐Allenyl‐Containing α‐Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Vorobyeva Daria V. , Bubnova Alexandra S. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Osipov Sergey N.
Published: October 2024

An efficient pathway to a new series of CF3‐substituted α‐amino acid derivatives decorated with pharmacophore isoquinolone and pyrimido[1,6‐a]indolone cores has been developed. The method includes Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation/[4+2]‐annulation of N‐(pivaloyloxy)‐substituted aryl hydroxamates and indole‐1‐carboxamides with readily available allenyl‐containing α‐amino carboxylates and their phosphorus analogues. It was established that the reactions occur via Rh‐σ‐alkenyl intermediates to provide new C−C bond forming process with the participation of terminal carbon atom of allene moiety.
Clinical Issues — November 2024
Authors: Swartz Zach
Published: October 2024

THIS MONTH

Reducing the perioperative carbon footprint

Key words: sustainability, carbon footprint, greenhouse gas (GHG), energy, consumption.

Exsanguination before tourniquet use

Key words: elastic wrap, exsanguination, gravity, pneumatic tourniquet, limb.

Using augmented reality technology in the OR

Key words: augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), extended reality (XR), headset, navigation.

Patients wearing contact lenses during a procedure

Key words: contact lens, corneal abrasion, patient positioning, eye injury, risk factors.
A cadaveric study showing the OLIF corridor dimensions after retraction of the abdominal great arteries and psoas major
Authors: Deng Donghai , Liao Xuqiang , Wu Ruihui , Zhou Yunfei , Huang Xingqiu , Shi Chenglong , Min Shaoxiong , Shi Benchao
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to assess the oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) corridor dimensions when the abdominal great arteries (the abdominal aorta or common iliac arteries) and psoas major are retracted. Twenty embalmed cadaveric specimens were dissected. The widths of the OLIF operative corridor at L1‐2, L2‐3, L3‐4, and L4‐5 were measured with the psoas major and abdominal great arteries in static state, with psoas retraction, and with mild retraction of the abdominal great arteries. The retractable distances of the psoas major and the abdominal great arteries at each lumbar segment were compared. In the static state, the operative corridor gradually narrowed from L1‐2 to L4‐5, but there was no significant difference in its width between segments (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the corridor width between segments after retraction of the psoas major or the abdominal great arteries (p > 0.05). However, retraction of either the psoas major or the abdominal great arteries made the corridor at the L1‐5 segments significantly wider than those in the static state (p < 0.05), particularly at L4‐5, and the retractable distance of the psoas major was significantly greater (p < 0.05). The cadaveric model demonstrated the use of abdominal great arteries retraction in principle. The OLIF operative corridor could be widened to some extent by retracting the abdominal great arteries, and widened further by retracting the psoas major.
Immunotherapy Vaccines for Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: He Jide , Wu Jialong , Li Ziang , Zhao Zhenkun , Qiu Lei , Zhu Xuehua , Liu Zenan , Xia Haizhui , Hong Peng , Yang Jianling , Ni Ling , Lu Jian
Published: October 2024

Background

Therapeutic tumor vaccines have emerged as a compelling avenue for treating patients afflicted with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), particularly those experiencing biochemical relapse or ineligible for surgical intervention. This study serves to consolidate recent research findings on therapeutic vaccines targeting prostate tumors while delineating prevalent challenges within vaccine research and development.

Methods

We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, up to August 31, 2024, using keywords such as 'vaccine', 'prostate cancer', 'immunotherapy', and others. We reviewed studies on various therapeutic vaccines, including dendritic cell‐based, antigen, nucleic acid, and tumor cell vaccines.

Results

Studies consistently showed that therapeutic vaccines, notably DC vaccines, had favorable safety profiles with few adverse effects. These vaccines, with varied antigenic formulations, demonstrated strong clinical outcomes, as indicated by metrics such as PSA response rates (9.5%‐58%), extended PSA doubling times (52.9%–89.7%), overall survival durations (17.7–33.8 months), two‐year mortality rates (0%–12.5%), biochemical relapse rates (42%–73%), and antigen‐specific immune responses (33.3%–71.4% in responsive groups).

Conclusion

While clinical data for tumor vaccines have illuminated robust evidence of tumoricidal activity, the processes of their formulation and deployment are riddled with complexities. Combining vaccines with other therapies may enhance outcomes, and future research should focus on early interventions and deciphering the immune system's role in oncogenesis.
School staff perceptions of the impact of school counselling on young people, the school and integration into the school system
Authors: O'Donnell Jennifer , Sumner Amy Louise , Smith Stephanie , Eilenberg Jon , Duncan Charlie , Cooper Mick
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This research explored the views of staff in secondary schools on school counselling for young people. Data were drawn from the Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness Trial of Humanistic Counselling in Schools (ETHOS) study, an RCT of school counselling across 18 state‐funded secondary schools in London.

Methods

Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were held with school staff (n = 16) from a sub‐sample of 10 participating schools from the RCT. The interviews explored the perceived impact of school counselling on the school and students. Thematic analysis was conducted using the NVivo qualitative data analysis software.

Results

Three key themes were identified: (1) school context: rising mental health need and varying provision for mental health; (2) school staff perspectives on the impact of counselling: increased openness and improvements in mood, dedicated space to open up, putting skills into practice, one size does not fit all, and role of personal connection; and (3) long‐term impact of counselling in schools: integration as central to success and counselling as a stepping stone for further support.

Conclusion

This research provides insights into school staff views of secondary school counselling in the context of delivery through a research trial. Effective ways of integrating counselling services into schools are identified.
Dynamic pH‐Responsive Release and Biological Impact of In Situ Quercetin‐Modified MIL‐101(Fe)‐NH2
Authors: Alya Nabilah Ghina , Adi Nugroho Roshid , Dendy Dendy , Handayani Murni , Sukowati Caecilia , Tiribelli Claudio , Lory Crocè Saveria , Wahyu Lestari Witri
Published: October 2024

A successful investigation was conducted on the in situ modification of MIL‐101(Fe)‐NH2 with quercetin and its controlled release under various pH conditions. MIL‐101(Fe)‐NH2 was synthesized using an electrochemical method at room temperature (15 volts, 30 min). The formation of the material was confirmed through comprehensive analyses, including PXRD, FTIR, and TGA. Nitrogen sorption isotherm measurements revealed that Qu@MIL‐101(Fe)‐NH2 exhibited a smaller surface area compared to MIL‐101(Fe)‐NH2, with both materials classified as mesoporous. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearly depicted the materials’ octahedral microspindle morphology. The cumulative percent release (CPR) of quercetin from Qu@MIL‐101(Fe)‐NH2 over 72 h was determined to be 53.45 % at pH 1.2, 19.48 % at pH 4.8, and 5.87 % at pH 7.4. Notably, quercetin release in the acidic microenvironment representative of cancer cells (pH 4.8) was nearly four times higher than under physiological conditions (pH 7.4). Kinetic release studies indicated that quercetin release from Qu@MIL‐101(Fe)‐NH2 followed the Ritger‐Peppas kinetic model, suggesting non‐Fickian diffusion. The MIL‐101(Fe)‐NH2 nanocarriers, with in situ‐loaded quercetin, demonstrated promising potential for pH‐triggered drug release. Additionally, the safety of MIL‐101(Fe)‐NH2 in biological models and the anticancer efficacy of quercetin were evaluated in vitro using two liver cancer cell lines.
Assessing the Concordance of Clinical and Pathological Diagnoses in Basal Cell Carcinoma Among the Iranian Population: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis of 229 Cases
Authors: Farshad Fatemeh , Behrangi Elham , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Shayanfar Nasrin , Aryanian Zeinab , Hatami Parvaneh , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: October 2024

Background

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent malignancy globally, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) being the most common type.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the concordance between clinical and pathological diagnoses of BCC, emphasizing the importance of early detection.

Methods and Results

In this cross‐sectional study, we conducted a retrospective review of clinical and pathological records for 229 patients diagnosed with BCC between 2020 and 2024. The analysis focused on gender, age, lesion location, and diagnostic accuracy. Among the 229 patients, 193 were men (84.3%), and 131 (57.2%) had recorded clinical diagnoses. The mean age of diagnosed patients was 67.72 years. Lesions were primarily located on the scalp (29.5%), face (26.4%), and nose (13.9%). Of the pathological evaluations, 184 cases (80.3%) confirmed BCC, while 45 cases had alternative diagnoses. Notably, 94.6% of clinically diagnosed patients were suspected to have BCC by their physicians. A significant portion of cases (42%) lacked prior clinical diagnoses, reflecting a potential gap in education among nondermatologists regarding BCC recognition.

Conclusion

The study found high concordance between clinical and pathological diagnoses of BCC, underscoring the need for improved clinical assessment skills among healthcare providers. Collaboration with dermatologists is essential for accurate diagnosis and improved patient outcomes. Enhanced training in recognizing BCC symptoms is recommended to address the identified gaps in clinical suspicion.
Potential Blind Spots and Hot Spots for Nutrient Loss
Authors: Korzekwa Kaine
Published: October 2024

The application and fate of nutrients are two of the biggest questions agriculture faces today, affecting everything from profit margins to water quality. Researchers work to examine the issue from all angles, such as the kinds of fertilizers widely used in the United States to how the topography of a field can impact the distribution and runoff of nutrients. In this article, we look at two recent research articles that approach these questions from different angles. One sees the nitrogen content of ammonium phosphate fertilizers as a “blind spot” in nitrogen budgets. The other sees farmed prairie potholes as potential “hot spots” for nutrient runoff downstream. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
OMIP‐109: 45‐color full spectrum flow cytometry panel for deep immunophenotyping of the major lineages present in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with emphasis on the T cell memory compartment
Authors: Park Lily M. , Lannigan Joanne , Low Quentin , Jaimes Maria C. , Bonilla Diana L.
Published: October 2024

The need for more in‐depth exploration of the human immune system has moved the flow cytometry field forward with advances in instrumentation, reagent development and availability, and user‐friendly implementation of data analysis methods. We developed a high‐quality human 45‐color panel, for comprehensive characterization of major cell lineages present in circulation including T cells, γδ T cells, NKT‐like cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, basophils, dendritic cells, and ILCs. Assay optimization steps are described in detail to ensure that each marker in the panel was optimally resolved. In addition, we highlight the outstanding discernment of cell activation, exhaustion, memory, and differentiation states of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using this 45‐color panel. The panel enabled an in‐depth description of very distinct phenotypes associated with the complexity of the T cell memory response. Furthermore, we present how this panel can be effectively used for cell sorting on instruments with a similar optical layout to achieve the same level of resolution. Functional evaluation of sorted specific rare cell subsets demonstrated significantly different patterns of immunological responses to stimulation, supporting functional and phenotypic differences within the T cell memory subsets. In summary, the combination of full spectrum profiling technology and careful assay design and optimization results in a high resolution multiparametric 45‐color assay. This panel offers the opportunity to fully characterize immunological profiles present in peripheral blood in the context of infectious diseases, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, immunotherapy, and biomarker discovery.
Trends in heart failure mortality in Sweden between 1997 and 2022
Authors: Lindberg Felix , Benson Lina , Dahlström Ulf , Lund Lars H. , Savarese Gianluigi
Published: October 2024

Aims

Data from US have shown a reversal in the improvement of heart failure (HF)‐related mortality over the last ~10 years. It is unknown whether these trends generalize to European universal healthcare systems. We assessed temporal trends in (i) HF‐related mortality in the overall national population; and (ii) all‐cause mortality following an incident HF diagnosis, overall and stratified by ejection fraction (EF), in Sweden between 1997 and 2022.

Methods and results

Annual mortality rates with a HF diagnosis as underlying cause were extracted from the Cause of Death Register. All‐cause mortality following incident HF was assessed in two HF cohorts derived from the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Swedish HF Registry (SwedeHF). Temporal trends were presented as average annual percentage change (AAPC). Between 1997 and 2022, age‐adjusted HF‐related mortality in the general population declined from 33.4 to 23.8 per 100 000 individuals (AAPC −2.15%, p < 0.001). In the HF cohort from NPR (n = 423 092), all‐cause mortality at 1, 3, and 5 years following a first diagnosis of HF was 25%, 46%, and 58%, respectively, in 2022; 1‐year mortality declined (AAPC −1.10%, p < 0.001) over time regardless of age or sex. In SwedeHF (n = 63 753), the decline in 1‐year mortality was less steep with increasing EF (AAPC −2.64%, p < 0.001; −2.30%, p = 0.062; and −2.16%, p = 0.032 in EF <40%, 40–49%, and ≥50%, respectively).

Conclusions

Heart failure‐related mortality has declined over the last ~25 years in Sweden. All‐cause mortality in patients with HF has also declined, more in HF with reduced than preserved EF, mirroring the different availability of life‐saving treatments across the EF spectrum.
The Influence of Anthropometric Factors on Renal mpMRI: Insights From Regional Analysis
Authors: Sanmiguel Serpa Luis Carlos , de Visschere Pieter , Speeckaert Marijn , Pullens Pim
Published: October 2024

Background

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) provides detailed insights into renal function, but the impact of anthropometric factors on renal imaging is not fully understood.

Purpose

To investigate regional correlations between mpMRI parameters and age, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA).

Study Type

Prospective, cross‐sectional observational study.

Population

Twenty‐nine healthy volunteers (44.5 ± 18.3 years, 18 females) without a history of renal disease.

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling, multi‐echo gradient‐recalled echo, diffusion‐weighted imaging, T1 and T2 mapping.

Assessment

Bilateral kidneys were segmented into nine concentric layers (outer cortex to inner regions) and nine equiangular sections (lower to upper pole). Key parameters (renal blood flow [RBF], , apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], T1 and T2 maps) were correlated with age, BMI, and BSA. Differences in parameters between age and BMI groups were also evaluated.

Statistical Tests

Spearman correlation, Mann–Whitney U test, and rank‐biserial correlation coefficient for effect size. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

RBF correlated negatively with age in all regions and BMI in inner layers and lower pole. ADC negatively correlated with BMI (significance was not reached in layers 2, 7, 8; P‐value = 0.06–0.12) and BSA in layers 1–7. T1 negatively correlated with age in inner regions and lower medial pole. Significant positive correlations were found between age and (outermost layer, upper pole), age and T2 (inner and cranial‐caudal regions), as well as BMI and T2 (except upper pole; P‐value = 0.06). Significant differences between age groups were observed for RBF (all regions), (outermost and second innermost layers, central lateral region), T1 (innermost layer), and T2 (upper medial pole). Between BMI groups, ADC (middle layers, upper medial pole) and T2 (outermost and inner layers, lower pole to lateral region) differed significantly.

Data Conclusion

Intrarenal variance of mpMRI parameters correlated with age, BMI, and BSA.

Evidence Level

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Supply Base attributes and diversion risk in a supply chain for hazardous pharmaceutical products
Authors: Skilton Paul F. , Mackelprang Alan , Sepehrirad Ramin , Bernardes Ednilson
Published: October 2024

We develop a novel construct, diversion risk, defined as the potential for post‐retail diversion that results from increased sales of hazardous goods. We examine diversion risk in the context of prescription opioid sales in the United States. We ask how supply base attributes and nonprofit ownership influence the creation of opioid diversion risk. We use performance‐outcome expectancy theory to hypothesize that pharmacies organize supply bases to help them avoid negative evaluations and that nonprofit ownership alters expectancy concerning legal but questionable behavior. We develop and test multilevel hypotheses explaining how supply base complexity, chain size, and nonprofit ownership influence diversion risk. Our analysis of DEA data from 2006 to 2019 finds that after accounting for other attributes, supply base complexity is positively related to diversion risk, within and between firms. Retail chain size is negatively related to diversion risk in the within‐firm model, but positively in the between firm model. Testing our nonprofit hypothesis reveals that nonprofit pharmacies also use size and supply base complexity to manage diversion risk. This research sheds light on the dynamics of diversion risk in pharmaceutical supply chains. It has practical implications for the industry, potentially informing future policy and practice addressing this critical issue.
Micromechanics modeling on the prediction of dielectric constant of polymer‐matrix composites considering inhomogeneity interaction
Authors: Guo Yadong
Published: October 2024

Predicting the dielectric constant of composites based on their component characteristics can accelerate the development of high‐energy storage dielectrics. In this work, to take into account the shape and interaction of randomly oriented inhomogeneities on the dielectric properties of composites, the orientation interaction model (OIM) initially used for composite stiffness prediction is adopted to predict the dielectric constant of composites. OIM applies to multi‐phase composites, and the inhomogeneities are approximated using ellipsoids in OIM. To verify the proposed model, some test data are adopted, and the model predictions match well with the test data. It is found that the inhomogeneity shape has a large influence on the dielectric constant of composites, and the influence increases with increase of the dielectric property difference between inhomogeneities and the matrix. The model captures that at the same inhomogeneity volume fraction, composites containing high aspect ratio inhomogeneities exhibit a high dielectric constant, and it shows penny‐shaped inhomogeneities perform better than cylindrical inhomogenities on increasing the dielectric constant of composites.

Highlights

The interaction among randomly oriented inhomogeneities is considered.

Every parameter can be determined based on the microstructure of composites.

The proposed model applies to multi‐phase composites.