bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Indoor CO2 Concentration Distribution in an Apartment
Authors: Jiaqing Zhou  , Chang Nyung Kim
Published: December 2010

In a residential kitchen, a number of pollutants are generated due to cooking and are released into the ambient air; these can significantly affect the indoor air quality of residential environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the indoor environmental conditions via the velocity field, temperature field and CO2 concentration distribution during cooking in a kitchen in a typical Korean apartment. Numerical simulations were conducted using the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT 6.3 for solving the continuity, momentum, energy and concentration equations in an unsteady state with the standard k—ε turbulence model. The parameters used for the simulations included: (1) the extraction flow rate of the range hood (0, 500, 750 and 1000 m3·h-1) and (2) the angle between the inlet airflow and the ceiling (90°, 45° and 22.5°). The findings illustrated that the temperature and CO2 concentration distribution could be greatly influenced by the extraction flow rate of the range hood. Also, by reducing the angle between the airflow and ceiling, the area-averaged temperature could be reduced in the breathing plane of the kitchen. The findings of this research could contribute to the reduction of energy consumption and the adverse effects caused by cooking.
Patient controlled regional analgesia after carpal tunnel release: a double-blind study using distal perineural catheters
Authors: Gupta Anil , Rawal Narinder , Magnuson Anders , Alnehill Håkan , Pettersson Kurt
Published: December 2010

This study was done to assess the efficacy of a perineural catheter for pain relief following carpal tunnel release (CTR). Sixty-six patients undergoing open CTR under local anaesthesia (LA) were randomly divided into three groups: Groups A and B had a perineural catheter and Group C served as non-blinded control group. Postoperative pain relief was by self-administration of either ropivacaine (Group A) or saline (Group B) via an elastometric pump and by oral paracetamol in Group C. Patients in Group A had a significantly greater difference in summed pain intensity than Group B. Fewer patients in Group A requested supplementary analgesics than in Group C. Patient satisfaction was higher in Group A than in Group B on day 1. However better analgesia was not associated with better functional recovery.
Hypoxia modulates the gene expression profile of immunoregulatory receptors in human mature dendritic cells: identification of TREM-1 as a novel hypoxic marker in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bosco Maria Carla , Pierobon Daniele , Blengio Fabiola , Raggi Federica , Vanni Cristina , Gattorno Marco , Eva Alessandra , Novelli Francesco , Cappello Paola , Giovarelli Mirella , Varesio Luigi
Published: December 2010

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous group of professional antigen-presenting cells functioning as sentinels of the immune system and playing a key role in the initiation and amplification of innate and adaptive immune responses. DC development and functions are acquired during a complex differentiation and maturation process influenced by several factors present in the local milieu. A common feature at pathologic sites is represented by hypoxia, a condition of low pO2, which creates a unique microenvironment affecting cell phenotype and behavior. Little is known about the impact of hypoxia on the generation of mature DCs (mDCs). In this study, we identified by gene expression profiling a significant cluster of genes coding for immune-related cell surface receptors strongly up-regulated by hypoxia in monocyte-derived mDCs and characterized one of such receptors, TREM-1, as a new hypoxia-inducible gene in mDCs. TREM-1 associated with DAP12 in hypoxic mDCs, and its engagement elicited DAP12-linked signaling, resulting in ERK-1, Akt, and IκBα phosphorylation and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion. Finally, we provided the first evidence that TREM-1 is expressed on mDCs infiltrating the inflamed hypoxic joints of children affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis, representing a new in vivo marker of hypoxic mDCs endowed with proinflammatory properties.
Management of RSV infections in adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Shah Jharna N. , Chemaly Roy F.
Published: December 2010

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of seasonal respiratory viral infection in patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. RSV usually presents as an upper respiratory tract infection in this patient population but may progress rapidly to lower respiratory tract infection. Available therapies that have been used for the treatment of RSV infections are limited to ribavirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and palivizumab. The use of aerosolized ribavirin, alone or in combination with either palivizumab or intravenous immunoglobulin, remains controversial. In this comprehensive review, we present and discuss the available literature on management of RSV infections in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with a focus on therapeutic modalities and outcomes.
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacogenetic determinants of osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kawedia Jitesh D. , Kaste Sue C. , Pei Deqing , Panetta John C. , Cai Xiangjun , Cheng Cheng , Neale Geoffrey , Howard Scott C. , Evans William E. , Pui Ching-Hon , Relling Mary V.
Published: December 2010

Osteonecrosis is a severe glucocorticoid-induced complication of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. We prospectively screened children (n = 364) with magnetic resonance imaging of hips and knees, regardless of symptoms; the cumulative incidence of any (grade 1-4) versus symptomatic (grade 2-4) osteonecrosis was 71.8% versus 17.6%, respectively. We investigated whether age, race, sex, acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment arm, body mass, serum lipids, albumin and cortisol levels, dexamethasone pharmacokinetics, and genome-wide germline genetic polymorphisms were associated with symptomatic osteonecrosis. Age more than 10 years (odds ratio, = 4.85; 95% confidence interval, 2.5-9.2; P = .00001) and more intensive treatment (odds ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.9; P = .011) were risk factors and included as covariates in all analyses. Lower albumin (P = .05) and elevated cholesterol (P = .02) associated with symptomatic osteonecrosis, and severe (grade 3 or 4) osteonecrosis was linked to poor dexamethasone clearance (P = .0005). Adjusting for clinical features, polymorphisms of ACP1 (eg, rs12714403, P = 1.9 × 10−6, odds ratio = 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.7-11.3), which regulates lipid levels and osteoblast differentiation, were associated with risk of osteonecrosis as well as with lower albumin and higher cholesterol. Overall, older age, lower albumin, higher lipid levels, and dexamethasone exposure were associated with osteonecrosis and may be linked by inherited genomic variation.
The Ethics of Tact in The Wings of the Dove
Authors: Cross Samuel
Published: December 2010

This essay closely examines Henry James's notion of “tact”—caution in what one says about others—treating the idea from an ethical perspective. I trace James's ethics of tact through his late The Wings of the Dove, arguing that the author holds himself to certain stringent standards of omission and circumlocution and depicts his characters in the act of discovering, formulating, and transgressing these rules for themselves as they try to figure out what to do and say about the fatal illness of the protagonist, Milly Theale. James's late style, often described as impenetrable and highly aestheticized, in fact participates in this tact at the same time that it presents readers and critics with a choice about how much they will say or consider themselves to know about the “facts” of the text they read. Thus, James's late style poses ethical problems to readers while representing such problems in its narrative. The importance of Jamesian tact extends, I argue, to current studies of literary character and novelistic form, where a reading of James can help critics to develop theories of the novel that place ethics at the center of formalist criticism. Such repositioning can help us get a clearer understanding of James's ethics of form and also provide contemporary criticism with conscientious alternatives to historicism.
Kinematics of phonotactic steering in the walking cricketGryllus bimaculatus(de Geer)
Authors: Witney Alice G. , Hedwig Berthold
Published: December 2010

Female crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus, are attracted by the male calling song and approach singing males; a behaviour known as phonotaxis. Even tethered females walking on a trackball steer towards a computer-generated male song presented from their left or right side. High-speed video analysis showed how this auditory-evoked steering was integrated with walking. Typically all the front and middle legs showed kinematic adjustments during steering, with the trajectories tilted towards the side of acoustic stimulation. Furthermore, the average speed of the tarsi contralateral to song increased relative to the ipsilateral tarsi. Kinematic changes of the hind legs were small and may be a consequence of the front and middle leg adjustments. Although phonotactic steering generally led to stereotyped adjustments there were differences in the specific combination of kinematic changes in leg trajectories. The most reliable kinematic steering response was by the contralateral front leg, such that, during its swing phase the tarsus moved towards the side of acoustic stimulation through an increased forward rotation of the femur and an increased extension of the tibia. Relating the changes in tarsal positioning of each leg to the steering velocity of the animal indicated that typically the front and middle legs contralateral to song generated the turning forces. Phonotactic steering was integrated into forward walking without changes to the walking motor cycle.
Optimisation in a natural system: Argentine ants solve the Towers of Hanoi
Authors: Reid Chris R. , Sumpter David J. T. , Beekman Madeleine
Published: December 2010

Natural systems are a source of inspiration for computer algorithms designed to solve optimisation problems. Yet most ‘nature-inspired’ algorithms take only superficial inspiration from biology, and little is known about how real biological systems solve difficult problems. Moreover, ant algorithms, neural networks and similar methods are usually applied to static problems, whereas most biological systems have evolved to perform under dynamically changing conditions. We used the Towers of Hanoi puzzle to test whether Argentine ants can solve a potentially difficult optimisation problem. We also tested whether the ants can adapt to dynamic changes in the problem. We mapped all possible solutions to the Towers of Hanoi on a single graph and converted this into a maze for the ants to solve. We show that the ants are capable of solving the Towers of Hanoi, and are able to adapt when sections of the maze are blocked off and new sections installed. The presence of exploration pheromone increased the efficiency of the resulting network and increased the ants' ability to adapt to changing conditions. Contrary to previous studies, our study shows that mass-recruiting ant species such as the Argentine ant can forage effectively in a dynamic environment. Our results also suggest that novel optimisation algorithms can benefit from stronger biological mimicry.
Dcp1 links coactivators of mRNA decapping to Dcp2 by proline recognition
Authors: Borja Mark S. , Piotukh Kirill , Freund Christian , Gross John D.
Published: December 2010

Cap hydrolysis is a critical step in several eukaryotic mRNA decay pathways and is carried out by the evolutionarily conserved decapping complex containing Dcp2 at the catalytic core. In yeast, Dcp1 is an essential activator of decapping and coactivators such as Edc1 and Edc2 are thought to enhance activity, though their mechanism remains elusive. Using kinetic analysis we show that a crucial function of Dcp1 is to couple the binding of coactivators of decapping to activation of Dcp2. Edc1 and Edc2 bind Dcp1 via its EVH1 proline recognition site and stimulate decapping by 1000-fold, affecting both the KM for mRNA and rate of the catalytic step. The C-terminus of Edc1 is necessary and sufficient to enhance the catalytic step, while the remainder of the protein likely increases mRNA binding to the decapping complex. Lesions in the Dcp1 EVH1 domain or the Edc1 proline-rich sequence are sufficient to block stimulation. These results identify a new role of Dcp1, which is to link the binding of coactivators to substrate recognition and activation of Dcp2.
Rejoinder—Further Reflections on Studying Social Influence in New Product Diffusion
Authors: Iyengar Raghuram , Van den Bulte Christophe , Valente Thomas W.
Published: December 2010

Building on the commentaries on our work, we make additional suggestions for future research on social contagion and new product diffusion. In particular, we note that social contagion may occur for many reasons and that investigating how various personal or group characteristics moderate the amount of influence some customers exert or the extent to which others are sensitive to potential influence can provide insights into the social mechanism(s) at work.
Accelerated Learning of User Profiles
Authors: Atahan Pelin , Sarkar Sumit
Published: December 2010

Websites typically provide several links on each page visited by a user. Whereas some of these links help users easily navigate the site, others are typically used to provide targeted recommendations based on the available user profile. When the user profile is not available (or is inadequate), the site cannot effectively target products, promotions, and advertisements. In those situations, the site can learn the profile of a user as the user traverses the site. Naturally, the faster the site can learn a user's profile, the sooner the site can benefit from personalization. We develop a technique that sites can use to learn the profile as quickly as possible. The technique identifies links for sites to make available that will lead to a more informative profile when the user chooses one of the offered links. Experiments conducted using our approach demonstrate that it enables learning the profiles markedly better after very few user interactions as compared to benchmark approaches. The approach effectively learns multiple attributes simultaneously, can learn well classes that have highly skewed priors, and remains quite effective even when the distribution of link profiles at a site is relatively homogeneous. The approach works particularly well when a user's traversal is influenced by the most recently visited pages on a site. Finally, we show that the approach is robust to noise in the estimates for the probability parameters needed for its implementation.

This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
Status, Quality, and Attention: What's in a (Missing) Name?
Authors: Simcoe Timothy S. , Waguespack Dave M.
Published: December 2010

How much are we influenced by an author's identity when evaluating his or her work? This paper exploits a natural experiment to measure the impact of status signals in the context of open standards development. For a period of time, e-mails announcing new submissions to the Internet Engineering Task Force would replace individual author names with “et al.” if submission volumes were unusually high. We measure the impact of status signals by comparing the effect of obscuring high- versus low-status author names. Our results show that name-based signals can explain up to three-quarters of the difference in publication rates between high- and low-status authors. The signaling effect disappears for a set of prescreened proposals that receive more scrutiny than a typical submission, suggesting that status signals are more important when attention is scarce (or search costs high). We also show that submissions from high-status authors receive more attention on electronic discussion boards, which may help high-status authors to develop their ideas and bring them forward to publication.

This paper was accepted by Jesper Sørensen, organizations.
Cooperation in Games with Forgetfulness
Authors: Thomadsen Raphael , Bhardwaj Pradeep
Published: December 2010

Companies and managers are apt to forget information, yet classic game theory analysis assumes that all players have perfect recall. This paper expands the literature by examining how introducing forgetfulness into a multiplayer game-theoretic framework can help or hinder cooperative behavior. We find that forgetfulness impacts the ability of firms to cooperate in countervailing directions. On one hand, forgetfulness can diminish the ability to punish deviators, making cooperation more difficult. On the other hand, under some conditions forgetfulness can make meting out severe punishments—even below-(stage) minimax punishments—credible and decrease the ability for players to effectively deviate, facilitating cooperation even in circumstances where cooperation cannot be sustained under perfect recall. We apply our model to a number of strategic games that commonly appear in the literature.

This paper was accepted by Preyas Desai, marketing.
Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Financial Engineering: An Equivalence Principle and Dimension Reduction
Authors: Wang Xiaoqun , Sloan Ian H.
Published: December 2010

Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are playing an increasingly important role in the pricing of complex financial derivatives. For models in which the prices of the underlying assets are driven by Brownian motions, the performance of QMC methods is known to depend crucially on the construction of Brownian motions. This paper focuses on the impact of various constructions. Although the Brownian bridge (BB) construction often yields very good results, as Papageorgiou pointed out, there are financial derivatives for which the BB construction performs badly [Papageorgiou, A. 2002. The Brownian bridge does not offer a consistent advantage in quasi-Monte Carlo integration. J. Complexity 18(1) 171–186]. In this paper we first extend Papageorgiou's analysis to establish an equivalence principle: if the BB construction (or any other construction) is the preferred construction for a particular financial derivative, then for any other construction, there is another financial derivative for which the latter construction is the preferred one. In this sense, all methods of construction are equivalent and no method is consistently superior to others; it all depends on the particular financial derivative. We then show how to find a good construction for a particular class of financial derivatives. In practice, our strategy is to find a good construction for an “easy” problem and then apply it to more complicated problems related to the easy one. This strategy is applied to the arithmetic Asian options (including Bermudan Asian options) based on the weighted average of the stock prices. We do this by studying a simpler problem, namely, the geometric Asian option, for which the best construction is easily available, and applying it to the arithmetic Asian option. Numerical experiments confirm the success of this strategy: whereas in QMC all the common methods (the standard method, BB, and principal component analysis) may lose their power in some situations, the new method behaves very well in all cases. Further large variance reduction can be achieved in combination with a control variate. The new method can be interpreted as a practical way of reducing the effective dimension for some class of functions.
Involvement of the Thalamic Parafascicular Nucleus in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Langlois Mélanie , Polack Pierre-Olivier , Bernard Hélène , David Olivier , Charpier Stéphane , Depaulis Antoine , Deransart Colin
Published: December 2010

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is characterized by focal seizures, associated with hippocampal sclerosis, and often resistance to antiepileptic drugs. The parafascicular nucleus (PF) of the thalamus is involved in the generation of physiological oscillatory rhythms. It receives excitatory inputs from the cortex and inhibitory inputs from the basal ganglia, a system implicated in the control of epileptic seizures. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of the PF in the occurrence of hippocampal paroxysmal discharges (HPDs) in a chronic animal model of MTLE in male mice. We recorded the local field potential (LFP) and the extracellular and intracellular activity of hippocampal and PF neurons during spontaneous HPDsin vivo. The end of the HPDs was concomitant with a slow repolarization in hippocampal neurons leading to an electrical silence. In contrast, it was associated in the PF with a transient increase in the power of the 10–20 Hz band in LFPs and a depolarization of PF neurons resulting in a sustained firing. We tested the role of the PF in the control of HPDs by single 130 Hz electrical stimulation of this nucleus and bilateral intra-PF injection of NMDA and GABAAantagonist and agonist. High-frequency PF stimulation interrupted ongoing HPDs at an intensity devoid of behavioral effects. NMDA antagonist and GABAAagonist suppressed hippocampal discharges in a dose-dependent way, whereas NMDA agonist and GABAAantagonist increased HPDs. Altogether, these data suggest that the PF nucleus plays a role in the modulation of MTLE seizures.
Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels in Olfactory Sensory Neurons Regulate Axon Extension and Glomerular Formation
Authors: Mobley Arie S. , Miller Alexandra M. , Araneda Ricardo C. , Maurer Lydia R. , Müller Frank , Greer Charles A.
Published: December 2010

Mechanisms influencing the development of olfactory bulb glomeruli are poorly understood. While odor receptors (ORs) play an important role in olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axon targeting/coalescence (Mombaerts et al., 1996; Wang et al., 1998; Feinstein and Mombaerts, 2004), recent work showed that G protein activation alone is sufficient to induce OSN axon coalescence (Imai et al., 2006; Chesler et al., 2007), suggesting an activity-dependent mechanism in glomerular development. Consistent with these data, OSN axon projections and convergence are perturbed in mice deficient for adenylyl cyclase III, which is downstream from the OR and catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP. However, in cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel knock-out mice OSN axons are only transiently perturbed (Lin et al., 2000), suggesting that the CNG channel may not be the sole target of cAMP. This prompted us to investigate an alternative channel, the hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel (HCN), as a potential developmental target of cAMP in OSNs. Here, we demonstrate that HCN channels are developmentally precocious in OSNs and therefore are plausible candidates for affecting OSN axon development. Inhibition of HCN channels in dissociated OSNs significantly reduced neurite outgrowth. Moreover, in HCN1 knock-out mice the formation of glomeruli was delayed in parallel with perturbations of axon organization in the olfactory nerve. These data support the hypothesis that the outgrowth and coalescence of OSN axons is, at least in part, subject to activity-dependent mechanisms mediated via HCN channels.
Amygdala Reactivity in Healthy Adults Is Correlated with Prefrontal Cortical Thickness
Authors: Foland-Ross Lara C. , Altshuler Lori L. , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Lieberman Matthew D. , Townsend Jennifer , Penfold Conor , Moody Teena , Ahlf Kyle , Shen Jim K. , Madsen Sarah K. , Rasser Paul E. , Toga Arthur W. , Thompson Paul M.
Published: December 2010

Recent evidence suggests that putting feelings into words activates the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and suppresses the response of the amygdala, potentially helping to alleviate emotional distress. To further elucidate the relationship between brain structure and function in these regions, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected from a sample of 20 healthy human subjects. Structural MRI data were processed using cortical pattern-matching algorithms to produce spatially normalized maps of cortical thickness. During functional scanning, subjects cognitively assessed an emotional target face by choosing one of two linguistic labels (label emotion condition) or matched geometric forms (control condition). Manually prescribed regions of interest for the left amygdala were used to extract percentage signal change in this region occurring during the contrast of label emotion versus match forms. A correlation analysis between left amygdala activation and cortical thickness was then performed along each point of the cortical surface, resulting in a color-codedrvalue at each cortical point. Correlation analyses revealed that gray matter thickness in left ventromedial PFC was inversely correlated with task-related activation in the amygdala. These data add support to a general role of the ventromedial PFC in regulating activity of the amygdala.
The Art of Distribution: Video on Demand
Authors: Hilderbrand Lucas
Published: December 2010

An account of the rise of Video on Demand as a method of distribution for arthouse and independent films, focusing on the IFC Films and Magnolia Pictures companies, and charting the growing success of streaming video as opposed to DVD and theatrical releasing.
Visionary Television: World on a Wire and Artemis 81
Authors: Fisher Mark
Published: December 2010

A review of two radical works of television science fiction: World on a Wire (1973), Rainer Werner Fassbinder's bleak exploration of reality and technological simulation, which is comparable to the fiction of Philip K. Dick; and Artemis 81 (1981), dramatist David Rudkin's eerie, expressionist Heideggerian fantasy.
Phosphatase activity of lignite mine spoils
Authors: Máthéné Gáspár Gabriella , Máthé Péter , Anton Attila
Published: December 2010

A talaj foszforforgalmában meghatározó szerepet játszó foszfatázenzimek forrásai az élő szervezetek, ezért az enzimaktivitás a külszíni meddőhányók felszínén az élő szervezetek megtelepedésének és aktivitásának, végső soron a talajfejlődésnek a jellemzője.
Észak-Magyarország legnagyobb lignitbányáinak (Bükkábrány, Ecséd, Visonta) meddőhányóin vizsgáltuk a talajban végbemenő változások és fejlődés jelzőjeként a különböző korú és rekultivációs hasznosítású fedőrétegek foszfatázaktivitását. Célunk annak megállapítása volt, hogy a meddőhányók talajfejlődése a foszfatáz-aktivitáson keresztül mennyiben követhető.
Vizsgálatunk a fedőréteg tulajdonságainak, a kor, a rétegmélység, a művelés és egyes talajtulajdonságok foszfatázaktivitásra gyakorolt hatásának megismerésére, elkülönítésére irányult. A meddőhányót 20 cm mélységig mintáztuk 3 rétegben (0–2, 2–7 és 7–20 cm). A meddőhányók igen nagy heterogenitását mind a mintázás, mind az értékelés során figyelembe vettük.
A meddőhányó foszfatázaktivitása a környező bolygatatlan területekénél jóval alacsonyabb volt. A foszfatázaktivitás a meddőhányó korával nőtt, míg a rétegmélységgel általánosságban csökkent. A rétegmélységgel csökkenő foszfatáz-aktivitás a régi (≥ 5 év) hányófelszínek általános jellemzője, azonban a szántó művelésbe vont részeken jóval kisebb volt a csökkenés mértéke, mint a mechanikai művelés nélküli területeken. Az általános tendencia nem érvényesült valamennyi, új építésű (0–4 éves) meddőrészen, ahol esetenként a mélyebb réteg foszfatáz-aktivitása magasabb volt, mint a felszíni rétegé, jelezve a hányóépítés során felszínről elkerült réteg „megőrzött” foszfatázaktivitását.
Az enzimaktivitást alakító talajtulajdonságok hatását a kor és rétegmélység és mintavételi idő szerint csoportosított adatokon vizsgáltuk. A humusztartalom valamennyi vizsgálati helyen és rétegben pozitív kapcsolatot mutatott a foszfatáz-aktivitással. Az Arany-féle kötöttség hatása elsősorban a régi meddőhányó részeken volt jelentős és pozitív. A CaCO3-tartalom magas szintje néhány esetben az enzimaktivitást gátolta. A tápanyagtartalmak összefüggését a foszfatázaktivitással nem tudtuk kimutatni, ugyanakkor a gombaszám pozitív hatása a foszfatázaktivitásra a szántott talajban egyértelműen megállapítható volt.
Vizsgálatsorozatunk igazolta, hogy a fedőréteg foszfatázaktivitása jelzi a talajfejlődést, azonban megmutatta azt is, hogy az egyéb, enzimaktivitást alakító tényezők ismerete az elemzésekhez nélkülözhetetlen.
Spatial changes in the water quality of Itajaí-Açú Fluvial-Estuarine System, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Pereira-Filho Jurandir , Rörig Leonardo R. , Schettini Carlos A.F. , Soppa Mariana A. , Santana Bruno L. , Santos José Eduardo dos
Published: December 2010

This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the spatial variation of the water quality in the Itajaí-Açú River estuary. Seven stations along the estuary were monitored on a weekly basis, from October 2003 to December 2004, plus two stations in tributaries (Itajaí-Mirim River, the main tributary, and one reference station). This monitoring included measurements of salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, nutrients(NH+4,NO3-2,NO-3,PO3-4,H4SiO4) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), total phosphorous and dissolved organic phosphorus (TP and DOP), particulate organic carbon (POC), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and chlorophyll-a (Cla). Multivariate analyses demonstrated the compartmentalization of the system based on the deterioration in water quality and marine influence. Urban development was the main factor responsible for the spatial variation of the monitored variables, resulting in increases in the indicators for organic matter and a progressive decrease in O2. Despite the effect of dilution by marine influence, there was an increase in ammonium, attributed to the influence of the municipal districts of Itajaí and Navegantes, close to the river mouth.
Avaliação do processo de reabilitação de um trecho de floresta ciliar na Bacia do Rio Itapemirim-ES
Authors: Costa Malcon do Prado , Nappo Mauro Eloi , Caçador Fabiana Ramos Dias , Barros Herbertom Henrique Dimas de
Published: December 2010

Este estudo foi realizado em uma área de floresta ciliar em processo de recuperação mediante reabilitação. A área de estudo está localizada na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim, no Município de Alegre, ES, Brasil. A ocupação e uso do solo antes da revegetação eram de pastagem com Brachiaria sp. A revegetação da área foi feita em 1997, com espécies autóctones e alóctones arbóreas, em arranjo de distribuição aleatório, em uma área de 1,2 ha. Para a realização dos estudos foram feitos inventários florestais nos períodos de 2004/2005 e 2005/2006, sendo medidos os indivíduos de hábito arbustivo e arbóreo com circunferência à altura do peito (CAP) > 5 cm e suas alturas totais. As espécies encontradas na área foram identificadas e classificadas de acordo com seus grupos ecológicos, síndromes de dispersão e presença silvestre, sendo calculados os parâmetros florísticos, a estrutura vertical e a dinâmica estrutural desse povoamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento do povoamento implantado para subsidiar práticas silviculturais quanto à seleção e implantação de espécies para revegetação de áreas de floresta ciliar degradadas, em condições semelhantes. Os resultados demonstraram que foi implantado um povoamento florestal com grande diversidade de espécies e a estratificação em classes de altura foi à semelhança de povoamentos heterogêneos naturais. As espécies identificadas como edificadoras da revegetação da área estudada foram: Anadenanthera colubrina, Caesalpinia leyostachia, Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia mangium, Handroanthus serratifolius, Inga edulis, Joannesia princeps, Pterogyne nitens, Enterelobium contortisiliquum, Tabernaemontana hystrix e Anthocephalus indicus. A distribuição em classes de tamanho da comunidade implantada ocorre em forma de "J" reverso, havendo a predominância de indivíduos pioneiros em todas as classes de CAP. A dinâmica da estrutura horizontal apontou que, para o sucesso, continuidade e desenvolvimento da recuperação da área, seja monitorada a regeneração natural em relação à sua presença e à eficiência dos fatores bióticos e abióticos que nela interferem. A não observância de indivíduos arbustivos e arbóreos regenerados naturalmente, na classe de inclusão do estudo, indica a fragilidade inicial da área rumo à sustentabilidade do sistema.
Análise da arborização urbana de duas cidades da região norte do estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Almeida Danielucia Noya de , Rondon Neto Rubens Marques
Published: December 2010

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a arborização viária de Colíder e Matupá, cidades da região Norte do Estado de Mato Grosso. Foram levantados 547 indivíduos, distribuídos em 15 famílias botânicas, 21 gêneros e 21 espécies; 66,7% das espécies são exóticas à flora brasileira e 33,3%, nativas. As espécies mais frequentes nas cidades avaliadas foram: Licania tomentosa (73,1%), Ficus benjamina (6,6%) e Pachira aquatica (4,2%). Nas duas cidades, mais de 85% da população obteve diâmetro à altura do solo inferior a 0,4 m e mais de 75% da população estava abaixo de 6,0 m de altura total, nas duas cidades. Os indivíduos plantados sob a fiação elétrica representaram menos de 50% da população amostrada, nas duas cidades amostradas, e a altura média das árvores, sob a fiação, foi de 3,0 m (Matupá) e 4,7 m (Colíder). Mais de 85% dos indivíduos tinham bifurcação abaixo de 1,80 m. A densidade de árvores/km de calçada estimada nas cidades avaliadas variou entre 66,2 árvores/km (Matupá) e 71,3 árvores/km (Colíder). Os índices de diversidade de Shannon estimado foram 0,76 (Colíder) e 2,24 (Matupá). A largura das vias e recuos permitia o plantio de espécies de médio e grande portes. Contudo, são essenciais o planejamento da arborização urbana e a definição de critérios e técnicas adequadas para a realização de plantios e manutenções, nas cidades estudadas.
Vontade geral e decisão coletiva em Rousseau
Authors: Reis Cláudio Araújo
Published: December 2010

Nos termos rousseaunianos, a questão fundamental sobre o que devemos fazer coletivamente (ou seja, o problema da decisão coletiva) se traduz como a questão sobre como podemos conhecer a vontade geral. Só podemos responder adequadamente a essa questão, porém, se prestarmos atenção a uma duplicidade importante no conceito de vontade geral. Rousseau usa a mesma expressão para se referir a duas coisas diferentes: às próprias decisões coletivas, consubstanciadas nas leis (a vg-decisão), e ao padrão do bem comum, em certo sentido anterior e independente das decisões coletivas, servindo como referência para elas (a vg-padrão). A questão genérica sobre como podemos vir a conhecer a vontade geral, portanto, deve ser desdobrada em duas: Como podemos vir a conhecer a vg-decisão? e Como podemos vir a conhecer a vg-padrão? Este artigo pretende identificar os elementos centrais da resposta de Rousseau a essas duas questões, elementos esses que permitem discutir sobre o sentido da concepção rousseauniana de democracia.
Aproveitamento dos resíduos da produção de conserva de palmito como substrato para plantas
Authors: Fermino Maria Helena , Gonçalves Reinaldo S , Battistin Alice , Silveira José Ricardo P , Busnello Ângela Cristina , Trevisam Miriam
Published: December 2010

Avaliou-se as características físicas e químicas dos resíduos da extração do palmito da palmeira real australiana [Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. & Drude] com vistas à sua utilização como substrato para plantas. Estudou-se amostras originárias de dois locais, do interior e do litoral, e subdividiu-se as mesmas segundo as partes da planta em folhas, estipe, e "cartucho" (bainhas), sendo analisadas na forma in natura e após sofrer hidrólise ácida. Todas as amostras foram caracterizadas determinando-se a densidade úmida e seca, a porosidade total, o espaço de aeração, a disponibilidade de água, o valor de pH, a condutividade elétrica e o teor total de sais solúveis. Não houve diferença estatística entre as amostras para as características físicas estudadas. As amostras oriundas do litoral não diferiram daquelas obtidas no interior, assim como, as amostras que sofreram hidrólise ácida não diferiram daquelas in natura. Da mesma forma, as partes da planta (folhas, estipe e cartucho) não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si. No entanto, os resultados das características químicas consideradas não são apropriados para a utilização dos resíduos da indústria de conserva de palmito como substrato para plantas e indicam a necessidade de novos estudos com resíduos provenientes de plantio controlado da palmeira real australiana.
Desenvolvimento e produção de genótipos de couve manteiga
Authors: Novo Maria do Carmo de SS , Prela-Pantano Angélica , Trani Paulo E , Blat Sally F
Published: December 2010

O experimento foi conduzido na casa de vegetação no Centro de Ecofisiologia e Biofísica do IAC, em Campinas-SP, de agosto a dezembro de 2008. As cultivares de couve Manteiga São José, Verde-Escura, IAC-Campinas, Orelha de Elefante e Vale das Garças foram avaliadas a cada quatorze dias até 126 dias após a instalação do experimento. As couves foram produzidas a partir de mudas. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com oito repetições com parcelas subdivididas para época de avaliação. Foram medidos a altura média de plantas e o diâmetro do caule e colhidas todas as folhas consideradas apropriadas para comercialização. Estas foram contadas, medidas suas áreas foliares e determinadas as suas biomassas frescas e secas. Contou-se ainda o número de brotações e o número de folhas totalmente expandidas que ainda não estavam apropriadas para colheita e determinou-se o número total de folhas. A cultivar Vale das Garças apresentou o maior desenvolvimento vegetativo em todas as variáveis analisadas. A 'Orelha de Elefante', por possuir folhas com área foliar específica maiores, teve biomassas fresca e seca totais semelhantes à da Vale das Garças embora tenha apresentado menor número de brotações, de folhas colhidas e total de folhas. Concluiu-se que essas duas cultivares constituem boas alternativas para a produção de couve.
Laeliocattleya 'Brazilian Girl Rosa': cultivar de orquídea para cultivo em vaso
Authors: Cardoso Jean C
Published: December 2010

A obtenção de cultivares de espécies ornamentais é estratégica para o desenvolvimento do país e possibilita obter plantas adaptadas às condições climáticas de cultivo. Aproximadamente 200 plantas de um cruzamento intergenérico entre um híbrido de Cattleya e outro de Laelia foram submetidos à seleção massal na fase de desenvolvimento vegetativo, selecionado-se aquelas com desenvolvimento mais rápido e sem sintomas de pragas e doenças. Ao final de três anos e meio, uma planta com características de crescimento vegetativo vigoroso, sem sintomas das principais pragas e doenças da cultura e boa qualidade de floração foi selecionada como nova cultivar Laeliocattleya 'Brazilian Girl Rosa'. A primeira floração demonstrou inflorescência longa e boa arquitetura com quatro flores de diâmetro médio de 11,7 cm, pétalas e sépalas firmes e proporcionais ao tamanho das flores. A coloração predominante das flores foi o rosa, com senescência aos 20 dias após a antese.
Morphological characteristics of soybean root apexes as indicators of soil compaction
Authors: Ramos Julio César , Imhoff Silvia Del Carmen , Pilatti Miguel Ángel , Vegetti Abelardo Carlos
Published: December 2010

Plant soil compaction poses a serious problem to agriculture because it produces different types of changes in plant characteristics. No method has been implemented to date to use root morphological changes as indicators of soil compaction levels. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether or not the morphological changes in root apexes of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) can be used as indicators of soil compaction levels. To this end, a silt-loamy soil material (from a Typic Argiudoll, Esperanza series), sieved through a 2 mm mesh was used and the following soil bulk density levels were determined: 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 g cm³ for which the corresponding mechanical resistances were < 0.1, 0.5 and 3.5 MPa, respectively. The distance from the apex to the first tertiary root and the root diameter at 1.5 cm from the apex were measured on the secondary root apexes. A form factor equal to the quotient between these two variables was subsequently calculated. An inverse relationship between soil mechanical impedance and secondary root length and form factor as well as a direct relationship with the secondary root diameter were observed. Changes in rhizodermis cells were also recorded. The following morphological characteristics were found to evidence the highest sensitivity to soil compaction: i) the form factor, ii) rhizodermis papillose cells, iii) apical malformations in root hairs, and iv) root diameter in expansion areas. Taken together, the morphological characteristics of root apexes could be considered to be indicative of soil compaction.
Líquen plano oral (LPO): diagnóstico clínico e complementar
Authors: Canto Alan Motta do , Müller Helena , Freitas Ronaldo Rodrigues de , Santos Paulo Sérgio da Silva
Published: December 2010

O líquen plano é uma desordem comum do epitélio escamoso estratificado que acomete as mucosas oral e genital, a pele, as unhas e o couro cabeludo. O líquen plano oral (LPO) afeta mulheres de meiaidade e apresenta padrões e distribuição característicos, como estriações brancas, pápulas ou placas brancas, eritema, erosões e bolhas, que podem estar associadas a medicações e/ou materiais dentários no paciente. O diagnóstico clínico somente poderá ser feito se a doença apresentar padrões clássicos, como lesões concomitantes na mucosa oral e na pele. O diagnóstico laboratorial por meio do exame histopatológico se caracteriza pela presença de projeções do epitélio em forma de dentes de serra e corpos de Civatte, e possibilita excluir condições de displasia e malignidade. A imunofluorescência direta é utilizada em suspeita de outras doenças, como pênfigo e penfigoide. O LPO é tratado com agentes anti-inflamatórios, principalmente, corticosteroides tópicos, e novos agentes e técnicas têm-se demonstrado eficazes. A transformação maligna do LPO e sua incidência exata permanecem controversas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar, com base na revisão da literatura, a etiopatogenia, o diagnóstico clínico, exames complementares e complicações do LPO.
Vasculite leucocitoclástica: mais uma "imitação" da sífilis
Authors: Furlan Fabricio Cecanho , Oliveira Aline Pâmela Vieira de , Yoshioka Márcia Cristina Naomi , Enokihara Mílvia Maria Simões e Silva , Michalany Nilceo Schwery , Porro Adriana Maria
Published: December 2010

A sífilis, doença de importante morbiletalidade no passado, tem ressurgido nos últimos anos, graças, sobretudo, às alterações nos comportamentos de risco. Um grupo epidemiológico, frequentemente, acometido é a população com infecção pelo HIV: estes pacientes podem apresentar características peculiares nas manifestações e evolução da doença. Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino, HIV-positivo, que desenvolveu um quadro florido de secundarismo: além da roséola sifilítica, apresentou pan-uveíte bilateral e acometimento do sistema nervoso central. A investigação, apresentou fenomeno pro-zona e no estudo histologico, mostrou a presenca de vasculite leucocitoclastica achado este extremamente raro e pouco documentado.
Ocronose exógena induzida por hidroquinona: relato de quatro casos
Authors: Ribas Jonas , Schettini Antonio Pedro Mendes , Cavalcante Melissa de Sousa Melo
Published: December 2010

A ocronose exógena é uma dermatose, aparentemente pouco frequente, caracterizada por hiperpigmentação negro-azulada fuliginosa, localizada na região onde foi aplicado o agente causador. Pode ser causada por uso de medicamentos sistêmicos, os antimaláricos e de uso tópico, como fenol, resorcinol, benzeno, ácido pícrico e a hidroquinona - que é um composto fenólico, com propriedade despigmentante, muito utilizado em formulações dermatológicas para o tratamento de melasma e outras hiperpigmentações. A fisiopatogenia deste processo ainda não está esclarecida e as abordagens terapêuticas são insatisfatórias. Relatam-se quatro casos de pacientes do sexo feminino que, após uso de preparados contendo hidroquinona, desenvolveram hiperpigmentação acentuada na face, caracterizadas no exame dermatológico e histopatológico como ocronose. Enfatiza-se a possibilidade de casos de ocronose exógena estarem sendo diagnosticados erroneamente, como falha de tratamento de melasma, e também para os riscos do uso indiscriminado de formulações, contendo hidroquinona, muitas vezes, sem acompanhamento médico.
Educar para a "grande saúde": vida e (trans) formação
Authors: Ratto Cleber Gibbon , Silva Simone Chaves Machado da
Published: December 2010

Este ensaio resulta da experiência de vida e reflexão de dois profissionais da área da saúde - psicólogo e enfermeira - implicados pelo cotidiano da formação profissional no ensino superior. Coloca em cena a potência dos encontros como processos (trans) formadores, sobretudo quando educação, linguagem e saúde constituem os termos de um agenciamento de desejo. Colocam-se em questão os encontros que vitalizam ou amortecem o processo da formação profissional como experiência autoformativa de caráter ético-estético-político, para além da formação de competências e habilidades técnico-científicas. O texto objetiva mostrar a potência da informalidade na construção de novos saberes, permitindo aprendizados mestiços, onde já não sabemos ao certo em que tempo somos enfermeiros, psicólogos, professores, filósofos ou amigos, o que permite e de onde provém uma atitude transdisciplinar.
Growth of Tropical Bracken (Pteridium arachnoideum): Response to Weather Variations and Burning
Authors: Roos Kristin , Rollenbeck Rütger , Peters Thorsten , Bendix Jörg , Beck Erwin
Published: December 2010

The ecology of tropical bracken, which occurs in tropical regions, is not well known. We studied its response to weather variations and burning in the south Ecuadorian Andes, where this weed had already overgrown 40% of the pastureland. In field observations, a constant 1 : 1 ratio of emerging and dying leaves suggested limitation of frond density by nutrient shortage. Short-term deviations from that ratio could be related to weather variations. Spells of dry weather temporarily increased mortality but stimulated emergence of new fronds. Lifespan of the fronds produced immediately after a fire was longer than of those produced during unaffected bracken growth. A burst of frond development during the initial 2 to 3 mo was observed after a fire followed by self-thinning to a stable level. To analyze the effect of fire on bracken, rhizomes were treated with heat pulses. Rhizomes were heat tolerant up to 70 C, and frond production from short shoots was enhanced by elevated temperature. Burning apparently releases apical dominance of developed fronds, as does cutting, and stimulates bud break. The local practice of pasture maintenance in Ecuador of repeated burning favors growth of the fern.