bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of SiO2 Coating on Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Material
Authors: Du Jinjing , Guo Yuehao , Zhou Meng , Cui Yaru , Wang Bin , Li Qian , Zhu Jun , Zhao Dandan
Published: March 2023

We present a simple method for producing SiO2-modified LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathode materials. Manganese carbonate was directly mixed with nickel nitrate and lithium hydroxide, and a spherical structure LNMO cathode material was prepared by two-step calcination, then ethyl orthosilicate and LNMO powder were simply mixed in solid and liquid phases to prepare SiO2-coated LNMO material. The effect of SiO2 coating on the structure of LNMO was studied by diffraction of X-rays, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. An amorphous SiO2 coating layer developed on the surface of the LNMO particles in the modification and this could alleviate the strike of hydrogen fluoride (HF) caused by electrolyte decomposition as well as the development of a solid electrolyte interphase. The electrochemical performance of the coated material was as follows: when the amount of SiO2 was 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt%, the initial discharge capacity of the sample was 98.2, 84.1, 101.3, and 89.8mAh/g, respectively. After 50 charge−discharge cycles, the capacity retention rates are 92.7%, 66.8%, 97.9%, and 93.8%, respectively. The cyclic stability of the samples can be significantly improved when the SiO2 coating amount is 2 wt% and 3 wt%, indicating that SiO2 coating can not only improve the discharge-specific capacity of the material but also improve its cyclic stability.
Exhaust Gas Composition of Lignin Reactions in Molten Carbonate Salt of Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Using FactSage
Authors: Compaore U. L. , Savadogo O. , Oishi K.
Published: March 2023

The most studied molten carbonate-direct lignin fuel cell (MC-LFC) or molten carbonate-direct carbon fuel cell (MC-DCFC) prototypes are those which are fed by fossil fuel. Substituting these fossilized fuels in the MC-DCFC operation with lignin, which is a bio-based carbon, may make this system more efficient, clean, and sustainable. The manipulation module (Mixture) and the computational module (Equilib) of the FactSage package were used to simulate two systems that can represent the anodic compartment of a direct carbon fuel cell based on MC-DCFC. The first system includes lignin and a mixture of molten carbonate (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-Cs2CO3). The second system uses also lignin and a mixture of molten carbonate (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-Cs2CO3) and CO2 gas was also added. The results show the formation of mixed gases in the anodic compartment which are composed of H2, CO, CO2, CH4, and H2O. The relative concentration of each of the species of this mixed gas has an impact on the efficiency of the MC-DCFC. How the relative concentration of these gases in this electrolyte can impact the performance parameters of the MC-DCFC is systematically analyzed. If the operating conditions of the fuel cell are optimized to get a gas composition of mainly CO2 with low amounts of H2, CO, CH4, and H2O in the anode compartment of the MC-DCFC, this will help to improve the conversion efficiency of lignin fuel in the MC-DCFC.
Modified Silicon Anode for Improved Low-Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Mennel Jason A. , Chidambaram Dev
Published: March 2023

The shift away from fossil fuels for modern-day energy requirements has resulted in a higher demand for electric vehicles and has led to a critical role for lithium-ion batteries. Next-generation higher capacity electrode materials are needed to meet the demands of future electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries function optimally around room temperature (23 °C), but discharge capacity diminishes rapidly below 0 °C and significantly affects the population living in colder climates. Higher capacity electrode materials such as silicon need to be paired with new electrolytes that favor ideal low-temperature performance. This work pairs a typical nickel-rich lithium cathode with a modified silicon anode and a ternary carbonate/ester electrolyte to demonstrate improved discharge capacity at subzero temperature.
Validity of the effective sound speed approximation in parabolic equation models for wind turbine noise propagation
Authors: Kayser Bill , Mascarenhas David , Cotté Benjamin , Ecotière David , Gauvreau Benoit
Published: March 2023

Parabolic equation (PE) based methods are widely used in outdoor acoustics because they can solve acoustic propagation problems above a mixed ground in a refractive and scattering atmosphere. However, recent research has shown phase error due to the effective sound speed approximation (ESSA). To overcome these limitations, a new PE formulation derived without the ESSA has been proposed recently. We investigate the impact of such phase error on wind turbine noise modeling, as the classical wide-angle parabolic equation (WAPE) with ESSA is widely used in the research community. We propose a comparison between the classical WAPE with ESSA and the new WAPE derived without the ESSA in the context of wind turbine noise. We highlight large phase error (several dB) on monochromatic calculations with a point source. Using an extended sound source representative of a wind turbine, we show small phase error (<1 dB) in a wind turbine noise context where sound level variability far from the source is of several dB. The validity of previous works using WAPE with ESSA is, thus, not questioned, although we do recommend the use of the new WAPE derived without the ESSA to accurately model the effect of wind speed on sound propagation.
Combined Neurocognitive and Exercise Tolerance Testing Improves Objectivity of Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test
Authors: Miner Daniel , Harper Brent
Published: March 2023

Context: The Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT) is a standard assessment of exercise tolerance utilized for exercise prescription following concussion and to inform decisions regarding return to play. One limitation of the BCTT is that interpretation of test results is dependent on individuals’ self-report of symptom exacerbation with exertion. Symptoms following concussion are significantly underreported or unreported. Combining objective neurocognitive assessment with exercise tolerance testing may enable clinicians to objectively identify those requiring further assessment or rehabilitation before return to play. The purpose of this study was to investigate how performance on a neurocognitive assessment battery is affected by provocative exercise testing. Design: Prospective cohort study, pretest/posttest. Methods: A total of 30 participants included 13 women (43.3%), age 23.4 (1.93) years, height 173.56 (10) cm, weight 77.35 (16.3) kg, and 11 (36.7%) with history of concussion. All participants completed a neurocognitive assessment battery, including the Stroop Test and standardized assessments of working memory, attention, and information processing speed/accuracy in single-task (seated position) and dual-task conditions (walking on a treadmill at 2.0 miles per hour). The neurocognitive assessment battery was performed at baseline and after the standard BCTT test protocol. Results: BCTT: Average percentage of heart rate maximum (%HRmax) = 93.97% (4.8%); average maximum rating of perceived exertion = 18.6 (1.5). Time-based performance in single-task and dual-task conditions significantly improved from baseline (P < .05) following maximal exercise testing on the BCTT for the following neurocognitive assessments: concentration-reverse digits, Stroop congruent, and Stroop incongruent. Conclusions: Healthy participants demonstrated improvements across multiple domains of neurocognitive performance following the exercise tolerance testing on the BCTT. Understanding normal responses in neurocognitive performance for healthy individuals following exercise tolerance testing may allow clinicians to more objectively monitor the trajectory of recovery following sports-related concussion.
Use of a Role-Playing Activity To Increase Student Understanding of Bacterial Gene Regulation
Authors: Sampath Vinaya
Published: March 2023

Undergraduate students often struggle to understand the basics of bacterial gene regulation, a key concept in microbiology. They find it hard to visualize the architecture of a bacterial operon or how the gene, RNA, and protein components interact with each other to regulate the operon.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Pig Gut Lactobacillus amylovorus CICC 6090
Authors: Yin Yeshi , Li Zongyan , Chen Huahai
Published: March 2023

Lactobacillus amylovorus
has been reported to reduce weight and fat content in humans. To identify and understand the mechanism underlying this process, the complete genome of CICC 6090, which was isolated from pig intestines, was sequenced using PromethION and next-generation sequencing.
Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus faecium from the Dallas, Texas, Area Is Conferred Predominantly on pRUM-Like Plasmids
Authors: Islam Moutusee , Sharon Belle , Abaragu Ada , Sistu Harita , Akins Ronda L. , Palmer Kelli
Published: March 2023

Vancomycin is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin resistance is common in clinical isolates of the Gram-positive pathogen
Enterococcus faecium
.
Endogenous Plasmids and Chromosomal Genome Reduction in the
Cardinium
Endosymbiont of
Dermatophagoides farinae
Authors: Xiong Qing , Fung Cathy Sin-Hang , Xiao Xiaojun , Wan Angel Tsz-Yau , Wang Mingqiang , Klimov Pavel , Ren Yaning , Yang Kevin Yi , Hubert Jan , Cui Yubao , Liu Xiaoyu , Tsui Stephen Kwok-Wing
Published: March 2023

As bacterial endosymbionts,
Cardinium
typically undergoes genome reduction, but the molecular process is still unclear, such as how plasmids get involved in chromosome reduction. Here, we
de novo
assembled 2 genomes of
Cardinium
in astigmatic mites, especially the chromosome of
Cardinium
sp.
Supplemental Material: The origin of platinum group minerals in oceanic crust
Authors: Evans Katy , al. et
Published: March 2023

Methods and petrographic description.
Improving inclusion and well-being of trans and gender nonconforming collegiate student–athletes: foundational concepts from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Summit on Gender Identity and Student–Athlete Participation
Authors: Kroshus Emily , Ackerman Kathryn E , Brown Mac , Griffin Pat , Durden LaGwyn , Merrill Jean , Wilson Amy , Hainline Brian
Published: March 2023

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Summit on Gender Identity and Student–Athlete Participation was convened to identify institutional/athletic department strategies that may support the well-being of trans and gender nonconforming (TGNC) collegiate student–athletes in the USA. The Summit’s purview did not include policy-level changes to eligibility rules. A modified Delphi consensus process was used to identify strategies for supporting collegiate TGNC student–athlete well-being. Key steps included an exploration phase (learning, generating ideas), and an evaluation phase (rating ideas in terms of their utility and feasibility). Summit participants (n=60) included individuals meeting at least one of the following criteria: current or former TGNC athlete, academic or healthcare professional with topical expertise, collegiate athletics stakeholder who would be involved in implementing potential strategies, representative from leading sports medicine organisation, or representative from relevant NCAA membership committee. Summit participants identified strategies in the following domains: healthcare practices (patient-centred care and culturally sensitive care); education for all stakeholders involved in athletics; and administration (inclusive language, quality improvement processes). Summit participants also proposed ways that the NCAA, through its existing committee and governance structures, could help support the well-being of TGNC athletes. NCAA-focused concepts were in the following domains: policy making processes; eligibility and transfer processes; resource development and dissemination; and visibility and support for TGNC athletes. The strategies developed represent important and relevant approaches that member institutions, athletic departments, NCAA committees, governance bodies and other stakeholders might consider in their efforts to support TGNC student–athlete well-being.
Impact of comorbidities on hospitalised Syrian patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study
Authors: Najjar Michel , Albuaini Sara , Fadel Mohammad , Aljbawi Ahmad , AlAwad Yara , Mohsen Fatema
Published: March 2023

Objectives

This study aims to compare the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, outcomes and overall survival time of patients with COVID-19 with and without comorbidities.

Design

Retrospective design.

Setting

This study was undertaken at two hospitals in Damascus.

Participants

A total of 515 Syrian patients met the inclusion criterion, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Exclusion criteria were suspected and probable cases that were not confirmed with a positive reverse transcription-PCR assay, and patients who self-discharged from the hospital against medical advice.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

First, assess the impacts of comorbidities on COVID-19 infection in four areas (clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, severity and outcomes). Second, calculate the overall survival time for patients with COVID-19 with comorbidities.

Results

Of 515 patients included, 316 (61.4%) were male and 347 (67.4%) had at least one coexisting chronic disease. Patients with comorbidities compared with no comorbidities were more vulnerable to poor outcomes such as severe infection (32.0% vs 9.5%, p<0.001), severe complications (34.6% vs 9.5%, p<0.001), the need for mechanical ventilation (28.8% vs 7.7%, p<0.001) and death (32.0% vs 8.3%, p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed that age ≥65 years old, positive smoking history, having ≥2 comorbidities and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were risk factors linked to severe COVID-19 infection in patients with comorbidities. Overall survival time was lower among patients with comorbidities (vs no comorbidities), patients with ≥2 comorbidities (vs one comorbidity), and patients with hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignancy or obesity (vs other comorbidities) (p<0.05).

Conclusion

This study revealed that COVID-19 infection had poor outcomes among those with comorbidities. Severe complications, mechanical ventilation usage and death were more prevalent among patients with comorbidities compared with those with no comorbidities.
Webinar report: stakeholder perspectives on informed consent for the use of genomic data by commercial entities
Authors: Schultz Baergen , Agamah Francis E , Ewuoso Cornelius , Madden Ebony B , Troyer Jennifer , Skelton Michelle , Mwaka Erisa
Published: March 2023

In July 2020, the H3Africa Ethics and Community Engagement (E&CE) Working Group organised a webinar with ethics committee members and biomedical researchers from various African institutions throughout the Continent to discuss the issue of whether and how biological samples for scientific research may be accessed by commercial entities when broad consents obtained for the samples are silent. 128 people including Research Ethics Committee members (10), H3Africa researchers (46) including members of the E&CE working group, biomedical researchers not associated with H3Africa (27), representatives from the National Institutes of Health (16) and 10 other participants attended the webinar and shared their views. Several major themes emerged during the webinar, with the topics of broad versus explicit informed consent, defining commercial use, legacy samples and benefit sharing prevailing in the discussion. This report describes the consensus concerns and recommendations raised during the meeting and will be informative for future research on ethical considerations for genomic research in the African research context.
Panoramic view of clinical features of lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional multicentre study from China
Authors: Jin Hui , Zhou Shihang , Yu Yangyiyi , Zhao Ming , Wu Haijing , Long Hai , Fu Siqi , Wu Ruifang , Yin Heng , Liao Jieyue , Luo Shuangyan , Liu Yu , Zhang Qing , Zhang Peng , Tan Yixin , Luo Shuaihantian , Huang Xin , Li Fen , Ling Guanghui , Lu Qianjin
Published: March 2023

Objective

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a complicated disease with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Previous studies have rarely included all subgroups of patients with lupus and have overlooked the importance of the cutaneous manifestations thereof. We aimed to compare the demographic and clinical differences among patients with different subtypes of lupus.

Methods

This is the first real-world study with a relatively large sample size that simultaneously includes patients with isolated cutaneous lupus erythematosus (iCLE) and SLE. All samples were obtained from the Lupus Erythematosus Multicenter Case–control Study in Chinese populations (LEMCSC) (registration number: ChiCTR2100048939). Comparative analyses between different LE subgroups were performed.

Results

A total of 2097 patients with lupus were included, with 1865 patients with SLE, 1648 with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), and 232 with iCLE. Among the patients with CLE, 1330 had acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ACLE); 160 had subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE); and 546 had chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE). The study included a relatively large number of patients with CCLE subtypes, including 311 with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), 262 with chilblain lupus erythematosus (CHLE) and 45 with lupus erythematosus profundus (LEP). Demographic characteristics, systemic involvement, mucocutaneous manifestations and autoantibodies were significantly different among the groups.

Conclusions

CLE and iCLE are two distinct disease states, and the selection of broad or narrow CLE definitions should be emphasised in scientific reports. LE-non-specific cutaneous lesions imply more severity, while self-reported photosensitivity and LE-specific cutaneous manifestations imply milder severity. Generalised ACLE appears to be a more severe state than localised ACLE, and CHLE appears to be more severe than DLE. Anti-Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigen B (SSB) antibodies have higher specific directivity than anti-Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigen A (SSA) antibodies for SCLE lesions. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies have a higher co-occurrence with ACLE and a lower co-occurrence with SCLE and CCLE. Compared with DLE, CHLE has significantly higher positive rates of anti-SSA/Ro60 (71%) and anti-SSA/Ro52 (42.4%) antibodies, whereas LEP is associated with a higher positive rate of antinucleosome antibodies (31.1%).
Open versus percutaneous tube thoracostomy with and without thoracic lavage for traumatic hemothorax: a novel randomized controlled simulation trial
Authors: McLauchlan Nathaniel R , Igra Noah M , Fisher Lydia T , Byrne James P , Beyer Carl A , Geng Zhi , Schmulevich Daniela , Brinson Martha M , Dumas Ryan P , Holena Daniel N , Hynes Allyson M , Rosen Claire B , Shah Amit N , Vella Michael A , Cannon Jeremy W
Published: March 2023

Objective

To quantify and assess the relative performance parameters of thoracic lavage and percutaneous thoracostomy (PT) using a novel, basic science 2×2 randomized controlled simulation trial.

Summary background data

Treatment of traumatic hemothorax (HTX) with open tube thoracostomy (TT) is painful and retained HTX is common. PT is potentially less painful whereas thoracic lavage may reduce retained HTX. Yet, procedural time and the feasibility of combining PT with lavage remain undefined.

Methods

A simulated partially clotted HTX (2%-gelatin-saline mixture) was loaded into a TT trainer and then evacuated after randomization to one of four protocols: TT+/-lavage or PT+/-lavage. Standardized inserts with fixed 28-Fr TT or 14-Fr PT positioning were used to minimize tube positioning variability. Lavage consisted of two 500 mL aliquots of warm saline after initial HTX evacuation. The primary outcome was HTX volume evacuated. The secondary outcome was additional procedural time required for the addition of the lavage.

Results

A total of 40 simulated HTX trials were randomized. TT alone evacuated a median of 1236 mL (IQR 1168, 1294) leaving a residual volume of 265 mL (IQR 206, 333). PT alone resulted in a significantly greater median residual volume of 588 mL (IQR 497, 646) (p=0.002). Adding lavage resulted in similar residual volumes for TT compared with TT alone but significantly less for PT compared with PT alone (p=0.002). Lavage increased procedural time for TT by a median of 7.0 min (IQR 6.5, 8.0) vs 11.7 min (IQR 10.2, 12.0) for PT (p<0.001).

Conclusion

This simulation trial characterized HTX evacuation in a standardized fashion. Adding lavage to thoracostomy placement may improve evacuation, particularly for small-diameter tubes, with little added procedural time. Further prospective clinical study is warranted.

Level of evidence

NA.
A new species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from an area of high anthropogenic impacts in the headwaters of Rio Iguaçu, Southern Brazil
Authors: dos Reis Renan B. , Wosiacki Wolmar B. , Ferrer Juliano , Donin Laura M. , da Graça Weferson J.
Published: March 2023

Cambeva piraquara, sp. nov., a restricted-range and rare species last collected from over 20 years ago, is described from the Rio Piraquara, upper Rio Iguaçu basin, Rio Paraná (La Plata) system. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by having two conspicuous dark-brown longitudinal stripes on the inner skin layer of body over a plain yellowish background: a conspicuous wide and well-defined dark-brown longitudinal mid-lateral stripe extending from the opercular patch of odontodes to the first third of caudal-fin rays and a dorso-sagittal stripe comprising large and coalescent rounded blotches extending from occipital to the dorsal-fin base. We provide an illustrated osteological description and assess the conservation status of the new species, which faces several environmental impacts in the upper Rio Iguaçu basin.
Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov study of quantum shell effects on the path to fission in $$^{180}$$Hg, $$^{236}$$U and $$^{256}$$Fm
Authors: Bernard R. N. , Simenel C. , Blanchon G.
Published: March 2023

Quantum shell effects stabilising fission fragments with various shapes have been invoked as a factor determining the distribution of nucleons between the fragments at scission. Shell effects also induce asymmetric shapes in the nucleus on its way to fission well before the final fragments are (pre)formed. These shell effects are studied in fission of $$^{180}$$

180

Hg, $$^{236}$$

236

U and $$^{256}$$

256

Fm with constrained Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations using the D1S parametrisation of the Gogny interaction. Strutinsky shell energy correction and single-particle energy level density near the Fermi surface are computed. Several neutron and proton shell effects are identified as drivers towards asymmetric fission. Shell effects are also used to identify the preformation of the fragments in the later stage of fission.
Relativistic resistive magneto-hydrodynamics code for high-energy heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Nakamura Kouki , Miyoshi Takahiro , Nonaka Chiho , Takahashi Hiroyuki R.
Published: March 2023

We construct a relativistic resistive magneto-hydrodynamic (RRMHD) numerical simulation code for high-energy heavy-ion collisions as a first designed code in the Milne coordinates. We split the system of differential equations into two parts, a non-stiff and a stiff part. For the non-stiff part, we evaluate the numerical flux using HLL approximated Riemann solver and execute the time integration by the second-order of Runge–Kutta algorithm. For the stiff part, which appears in Ampere’s law, we integrate the equations using semi-analytic solutions of the electric field. We employ the generalized Lagrange multiplier method to ensure the divergence-free constraint for the magnetic field and Gauss’s law. We confirm that our code reproduces well the results of standard RRMHD tests in the Cartesian coordinates. In the Milne coordinates, the code with high conductivity is validated against relativistic ideal MHD tests. We also verify the semi-analytic solutions of the accelerating longitudinal expansion of relativistic resistive magneto-hydrodynamics in high-energy heavy-ion collisions in comparison with our numerical result. Our numerical code reproduces these solutions.
Five dimensional analysis of electromagnetism with heat flow in the post-quasi-static approximation
Authors: Zahra A. , Mardan S. A.
Published: March 2023

The development of dissipative and electrically charged distributions in five dimensions is presented by using the post-quasistatic approximation. It is an iterative technique for the evolution of self-gravitating spheres of matter. We construct non-adiabatic distributions by means of an equation of state that accounts for the anisotropy based on electric charge. Streaming out and diffusion approximations are used to describe dissipation. In non-comoving coordinates, we match the higher dimensional interior solution with the corresponding Vaidya–Reissner–Nordström exterior solution. Hence, a system of higher dimensional surface equations results from generalized form of the post-quasistatic approximation. Surface equations are essential for understanding physical phenomena such as luminosity, Doppler shift, and red-shift at the boundary surface of gravitating sources.
Microscopic mechanism of distinct mechanical properties of divinylbenzene reinforced cross-linked polystyrene revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Jia Huiling , Hu Jinbao , Wu Jinxiu , Zhang Hongxu , Tan Xin , Cao Yanan
Published: March 2023

Molecular dynamics method was employed to establish the model of three-dimensional cross-linked polystyrene (PS) formed by divinylbenzene (DVB) and PS chains. Density, radial distribution function, free volume fraction, mean square displacement of systems with different cross-linking degrees (DVB contents of 0%, 3.8%, 7.1% and 11.1%) were studied, as well as macroscopic properties such as glass transition temperature, elastic mechanical properties, uniaxial tensile deformation. The results showed that cross-linking algorithm proposed was feasible for constructing cross-linked PS. With the increase of cross-linking degree, cross-linked PS became denser, and glass transition temperature increased, indicating an increase of heat resistance. Compared with uncross-linked PS, elastic modulus of three cross-linked systems increased by 19.26%, 29.56% and 40.19%; bulk modulus increased by 2.9%, 20.98% and 44.03%; and shear modulus increased by 21.05%, 29.82% and 42.98%. Tensile stress-strain curves showed that network structure formed by adding DVB improved yield stress and tensile resistance of PS.
Supersymmetry and convection–diffusion–reaction equations
Authors: Ho Choon-Lin
Published: March 2023

In this work, we are concerned with generating solutions of a class of Convection–Diffusion–Reaction (CDR) equation from the solutions of another CDR equation through the Darboux transformations. The method is elucidated by cases with certain types of the reaction coefficients. We have also discussed briefly supersymmetric pairs of CDR equations connected through similarity solutions.
ANALYSIS OF (1 + n)-DIMENSIONAL GENERALIZED CAMASSA–HOLM KADOMTSEV–PETVIASHVILI EQUATION THROUGH LIE SYMMETRIES, NONLINEAR SELF-ADJOINT CLASSIFICATION AND TRAVELLING WAVE SOLUTIONS
Authors: HUSSAIN AMJAD , JHANGEER ADIL , ZIA MUHAMMAD KHUBAIB , KHAN ILYAS , GANIE ABDUL HAMID , ELDIN SAYED M.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the nonlinear [Formula: see text]-dimensional generalized Camassa–Holm Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (g-CH-KP) equation is examined using Lie theory. Lie point symmetries of the equation are computed using MAPLE software and are generalized for the case of any dimension. Moreover, the equation is transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation using the Abelian subalgebra. The nonlinear self-adjoint classification of the equation under consideration is accomplished with the help of which conservation laws for a particular dimension are calculated. Moreover, the new extended algebraic approach is used to compute a wide range of solitonic structures using different set of parameters. Graphic description of some specific applicable solutions for certain physical parameters is portrayed.
FRACTIONAL-ORDER NEWTON–RAPHSON METHOD FOR NONLINEAR EQUATION WITH CONVERGENCE AND STABILITY ANALYSES
Authors: FARMAN MUHAMMAD , AKGÜL ALI , ALSHAIKH NOORHAN , AZEEM MUHAMMAD , ASAD JIHAD
Published: March 2023

Fractional-order techniques have many applications in real-life problems nowadays. The utilization of fragmentary math in many parts of science and engineering is wide and somewhat recent. There are various types of subsidiaries that can be valuable in various issues. In this paper, we focus on the effect of this kind of fractional derivative in the search for roots of nonlinear equations and its dependence on the initial estimations. We will check the convergence and stability analyses of the fractional Newton–Raphson (FNR) method for the proposed definitions. We will apply fractional Riemann–Liouville and Caputo-derivatives in the standard Newton root-finding method for different examples and also verify convergence and stability for these problems. Finding a root is very important for nonlinear equations which are used to solve chemical, biological, and engineering problems.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF HUANGLONGBING TRANSMISSION MODEL IN A PERIODIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: DJEFFAL KHALED BOUDJEMA , DJILALI SALIH , GUL NADIA , AHMAD ZAHID , SAEED TAREQ
Published: March 2023

Huanglongbing infection (HLB) or citrus greening and more rarely yellow shoot disease is a fatal bacterial disease of citrus. Our objective in this study is to propose a mathematical model to predict the outbreak of Huanglongbing (HLB) infection with Logistic growth in psyllid insect vectors to predict the transmission of this disease among citrus. Indeed, we considered the periodic environment to model the seasonality of the spread of the disease. In this regard, an explicit expression of the reproductive number [Formula: see text] is obtained, which has been used for analyzing the behavior of the model in the cases when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The mathematical findings are supported using numerical illustrations.
AUTOMATED PARAMETER SEARCH FOR FRACTAL FUNCTIONS IN DATA FITTING PROBLEMS
Authors: LUOR DAH-CHIN , LIU CHIAO-WEN
Published: March 2023

Parameter optimization is an important problem in the theory of fractal interpolation functions and data fitting. In the literature, the methods for determining values of parameters in data fitting problems are developed only for affine and recurrent affine fractal interpolation functions. There is still no direct method to determine the optimum values of parameters for various types of fractal functions. The aim of this paper is to apply an automated parameter search algorithm from machine learning to the problem of parameters optimization when we use a class of fractal functions to fit a given data set. We first establish a finite set of fractal interpolation functions, and then consider three linear combinations of these functions to fit a given data set. We apply Optuna to find the optimum values of hyperparameters in our approach that minimize the given empirical error. Two examples are given to show the results. Our approach can be applied to many types of fractal functions, and even their linear combinations. The advantage of tuning hyperparameters of fractal functions by AI-based algorithms is that it is not limited to the construction methods and forms of fractal functions.
MONKEYPOX VIRAL TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS AND FRACTIONAL-ORDER MODELING WITH VACCINATION INTERVENTION
Authors: SINGH JASKIRAT PAL , KUMAR SACHIN , BALEANU DUMITRU , NISAR KOTTAKKARAN SOOPPY
Published: March 2023

A current outbreak of the monkeypox viral infection, which started in Nigeria, has spread to other areas of the globe. This affects over 28 nations, including the United Kingdom and the United States. The monkeypox virus causes monkeypox (MPX), which is comparable to smallpox and cowpox (MPXV). The monkeypox virus is a member of the Poxviridae family and belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. In this work, a novel fractional model for Monkeypox based on the Caputo derivative is explored. For the model, two equilibria have been established: disease-free and endemic equilibrium. Using the next-generation matrix and Castillo’s technique, if [Formula: see text] the global asymptotic stability of disease-free equilibrium is shown. The linearization demonstrated that the endemic equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text]. Using the parameter values, the model’s fundamental reproduction rates for both humans and non-humans are calculated. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved using fixed point theory. The model’s numerical simulations demonstrate that the recommended actions will cause the infected people in the human and non-human populations to disappear.
ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION MODEL WITH SINGULAR OPERATOR
Authors: MOMANI SHAHER , CHAUHAN R. P. , KUMAR SUNIL , HADID SAMIR
Published: March 2023

In this work, we study a dynamic model of social media addiction. Addiction to social media is a behavioral addiction that is very complex in nature. To study such kinds of complex behavior, the fractional-order operators are very useful due to their memory nature. Considering all these facts, we consider the fractional and fractal-fractional operators with a singular kernel to investigate the social media addiction model. This paper’s main aim is to demonstrate the importance of non-classical-order derivatives in the investigation of the social media addiction model. First, we propose the model using Caputo fractional derivative and present some basic mathematical computations. The existence condition for a solution of the model system is presented via fixed-point theory. Furthermore, the behavior of the social media addiction model is examined using the fractal-fractional concept with the Caputo operator, which, due to its memory effect, is very effective in modeling. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are investigated using fixed point theory. Ulam–Hyers stability is demonstrated using nonlinear functional analysis. We demonstrate the simulated numerical results graphically for the proposed models via numerical methods based on Lagrange polynomial interpolation. The results are plotted for choices of arbitrary-order parameter values. Based on our findings, we can say the fractal-fractional operators provide more realistic information about the complexity of the dynamics of the social media addiction model.
A Comparative Review of Sentimental Analysis Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Nagelli Archana , Saleena B.
Published: March 2023

The sentiment data provides vital information about the feedback of the user’s opinion, attitude and emotions. The business of product development and digital marketing teams entirely depends upon the outcome of these sentiments and they apply various Data Mining techniques, Machine Learning and Deep Learning approaches to analyse the depth of the dataset. The Sentiment Analysis provides the automatic data mining of reviews, comments, opinions and suggestions, received from various input methods, including text, audio notes, images and emoticons, through Natural Language Processing. The analysis assists in the classification of reviewer feedback in terms of positive, negative and neutral categories. In this study, the opinions shared by individuals over various social networking sites in the case of any big event, the release of any new product or show and political events were analysed. Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques are discussed and used dominantly to illustrate the outcome of opinions and events. The accurate analysis of vast information shared by individuals free of cost and without any influence can provide vital information for organisations and management authorities. This review analyses various techniques in the field of Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis along with their features and research scopes and thus, it helps researchers to focus on more precise works in the future. Among the machine learning algorithms, Random Forest performed much better as compared to other methods, and among the Deep Learning approaches, Multichannel CNN outperformed with the highest accuracy of 96.23%. The paper includes the comparative study of multiple Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques for the evaluation of sentiment data and concludes with the challenges and scope of Sentiment Analysis.
Combination of Loss-based Active Learning and Semi-supervised Learning for Recognizing Entities in Chinese Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Yan Jinghui , Zong Chengqing , Xu Jinan
Published: March 2023

The recognition of entities in an electronic medical record (EMR) is especially important to downstream tasks, such as clinical entity normalization and medical dialogue understanding. However, in the medical professional field, training a high-quality named entity recognition system always requires large-scale annotated datasets, which are highly expensive to obtain. In this article, to lower the cost of data annotation and maximizing the use of unlabeled data, we propose a hybrid approach to recognizing the entities in Chinese electronic medical record, which is in combination of loss-based active learning and semi-supervised learning. Specifically, we adopted a dynamic balance strategy to dynamically balance the minimum loss predicted by a named entity recognition decoder and a loss prediction module at different stages in the process. Experimental results demonstrated our proposed framework’s effectiveness and efficiency, achieving higher performances than existing approaches on Chinese EMR entity recognition datasets under limited labeling resources.
Hospitalizations of Chronic Dialysis Patients: A National Study in China
Authors: Chu Hong , Yang Chao , Lin Yu , Wu Jingyi , Kong Guilan , Li Pengfei , Zhang Luxia , Zhao Minghui ,   China Kidney Disease Network Work Group
Published: March 2023

Background: Patients receiving chronic dialysis are usually with multiple comorbidities and at high risk for hospitalization, which lead to tremendous health care resource utilization. This study aims to explore the characteristics of hospitalizations among chronic dialysis patients in China. Methods: Hospital admissions from January 2013 to December 2015 were extracted from a national inpatient database in China. Chronic dialysis, including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, was identified according to inpatient discharge records and International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes. The primary kidney disease, causes of admissions, modalities of dialysis, and comorbidities were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association of patient characteristics with multiple hospitalizations per year. Results: Altogether, 266,636 hospitalizations from 124,721 chronic dialysis patients were included in the study. The mean age was 54.46 ± 15.63 years and 78.29% of them were receiving hemodialysis. The leading cause of hospitalizations was dialysis access-related, including dialysis access creation (25.06%) and complications of access (21.09%). The following causes were nonaccess surgery (1.89%), cardiovascular disease (1.66%), and infectious diseases (1.43%). One-fourth of the patients were hospitalized more than once per year. Multivariate logistic regression models indicated that the primary kidney disease of diabetic kidney disease (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.22) or hypertensive nephropathy (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.27–1.40), coronary heart disease (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14), cancer (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.13–1.30), or modality of peritoneal dialysis (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 2.59–2.75) was risk factors for multiple hospitalizations. Conclusion: Our study described characteristics and revealed the burden of hospitalizations of chronic dialysis patients in China. These findings highlight the importance of effective and efficient management strategies to reduce the high burden of hospitalization in dialysis population.
Second Primary Malignancies in Patients with a Neuroendocrine Neoplasm in England
Authors: Russell Beth , White Benjamin E , Rous Brian , Wong Kwok , Bouvier Ellis Catherine , Srirajaskanthan Rajaventhan , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Ramage John K
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) may often develop other malignancies. This study aimed to identify the frequency at which these second malignancies occurred in England. Methods: Data were extracted from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS) on all patients diagnosed with a NEN at one of eight NEN site groups between 2012 and 2018: appendix, caecum, colon, lung, pancreas, rectum, small intestine, and stomach. WHO International Classification of Disease Edition-10 (ICD-10) codes were used to identify patients who had been diagnosed with an additional non-NEN cancer. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for tumours diagnosed after the index NEN were produced for each non-NEN cancer type by sex and site. Results: A total of 20,579 patients were included in the study. The most commonly occurring non-NEN cancers after NEN diagnosis were the prostate (20%), lung (20%), and breast (15%). Statistically significant SIRs were observed for non-NEN cancer of the lung (SIR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.55–2.22), colon (SIR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.40–2.27), prostate (SIR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.31–1.86), kidney (SIR = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.72–4.59), and thyroid (SIR = 6.31, 95% CI: 4.26–9.33). When stratified by sex, statistically significant SIRs remained for the lung, renal, colon, and thyroid tumours. Additionally, females had a statistically significant SIR for stomach cancer (2.65, 95% CI: 1.26–5.57) and bladder cancer (SIR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.36–5.02). Conclusion: This study found that patients with a NEN experienced a metachronous tumour of the lung, prostate, kidney, colon, and thyroid at a higher rate than the general population of England. Surveillance and engagement in existing screening programmes are required to enable earlier diagnosis of second non-NEN tumours in these patients.
Intra-annual variations of microhabitat use and movements of a critically endangered arboreal day gecko endemic to Reunion Island: implications for conservation
Authors: Choeur Arthur , Clémencet Johanna , Le Corre Matthieu , Roesch Markus A. , Sanchez Mickaël
Published: March 2023

Habitat loss is the leading cause of reptile decline and therefore, habitat studies are crucial to implement conservation actions. We investigated the microhabitat use of the Manapany day gecko (Phelsuma inexpectata), a critically endangered species endemic to Reunion Island (Western Indian Ocean). Anthropogenic disturbances led to a severe fragmentation of the gecko population, and habitat requirements of this species are poorly known, impeding effective restoration work. We (i) investigated intra-annual variations in microhabitat use, (ii) investigated movement rate to better understand habitat use, and (iii) characterised egg-laying sites. We surveyed two gecko populations in remnant natural habitat annually during five years (2015-2019) and monthly in one of the populations during 18 consecutive months. A total of 2621 gecko detections were recorded and 25 egg-laying sites were characterised. Geckos used mainly native plant species, with a high preference for screw pine thickets. We observed seasonal variations in microhabitat preferences and movement rates. Geckos perched higher and thermoregulated motionless in the canopy during winter. In summer, geckos perched lower, spent less time thermoregulating and exhibited saxicolous behaviour, particularly in females. Egg-laying sites were mainly found in rock cavities surrounded by native plants and facing southwards. Our findings confirm the importance of native coastal vegetation for the conservation of this species. Seasonal shifts of microhabitat use indicate that P. inexpectata (i) need habitats with thermal heterogeneity to adapt to seasonal changes in their thermal environment, and (ii) adapt their microhabitat use according to their reproductive phenology, especially for egg-laying in rock cavities.
Sufi Feminism
Authors: Hassan Hamdy A.
Published: March 2023

Men founded and have ruled over Sufi orders since their inception, and thus the position of Khalifa or shaykh has been traditionally held by men. However, this study argues that in some Islamic mystical traditions women have assumed a senior leadership role with all the power that such a prominent position entails. More research is needed to understand the challenges Sufi women have faced in legitimizing their power, their experiences in a patriarchal society, and the various methods they have used to establish and protect their religious authority. By adopting a qualitative approach, this study seeks to explain the shift in Sufi women’s leadership role in society, specifically within the African context, focusing on two women who were influential spiritual leaders, Nana Asmaʾu and Sharifa ʿAlawiyya al-Mīrghanī. The study concludes that African Sufi feminist traditions overcame the challenges posed by their complex societal contexts.
‘Illiberal’ Peace and the Nature of ‘Illiberality’: Concepts and Cases
Authors: Mitchell Christopher
Published: March 2023

This article focuses on an old type of imposed peace settlement which has been enjoying something of a revival in the past decade and has challenged the dominant “liberal peace” model as a way of ending violence in a conflict. It seeks to clarify what is meant by an “illiberal” or authoritarian peace by re-examining and contrasting the essential characters of a liberal peace. The study uses the series of peace agreements in Central America and elsewhere during the 1990s as examples, and then contrasts these with authoritarian or “illiberal” settlements, ending by asking whether an “illiberal,” or even a “victor’s” peace, might be more durable, at least in the short run.
Negotiating the Opening of International Organizations to Non-State Actors: The Case of the World Health Organization
Authors: Guilbaud Auriane
Published: March 2023

Based on empirical fieldwork, this article analyzes the negotiation of a Framework of Engagement with Non-State Actors (fensa) at the World Health Organization (who) between 2011 and 2016. The study examines the long and difficult negotiation process, which shifts from a mere adaptation of guidelines by the who Secretariat to an intergovernmental negotiation led by a core group of Member States. This negotiation process cannot simply be explained by traditional dialogues among delegations and hierarchical relationships within international organizations. Other factors played important roles in the process as well – the high political stakes of the issue, non-traditional coalition games, heterogeneity among the actors, and the who Secretariat’s role as a negotiating party – all advocating for the development of a triangular, multi-voice negotiation model within international organizations.
Barriers to Accessing Services as a Violation of Rights
Authors: Soriano Moreno Silvia
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a research study carried out in the area of Campo Arañuelo, in the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura. The study aimed to establish whether women in rural areas had difficulty accessing public services and whether the difficulties were the same for women of Spanish origin and women from migrant backgrounds. Difficulties in accessing public services would constitute material violations of the rights of individuals.