bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Užkalbėjimas”, “žadėjimas”, “vardijimas”: Outlining the Emic Terminology
Authors: Vaitkevičienė Daiva
Published: July 2024

The currently unanimously used Lithuanian folklore term for charm – užkalbėjimas – became established as late as the 1960s, having replaced other emic terms with similar meaning, namely, žadėjimas and vardijimas, and a number of their prefix variants. All these terms have similar semantic motivation, emphasizing the utterance of the words or text. However, the term žadėjimas stands out among them, since it means the kind of charming in the result of which the words uttered by the charmer have the power of coming true.
The old age of the terms in question is attested by the aged dictionaries from the Eastern Prussia and the Lithuanian written sources. On the Lithuanian territory, these terms have been recorded somewhat later, but they have been preserved in the living oral tradition for a long time. Their regional distribution is uneven. The word užkalbėjimas is mostly used in eastern and southern Lithuania, being less frequent in southwestern Lithuania (Užnemunė) and almost unknown in Samogitia. Its other prefix forms (atkalbėjimas, nukalbėjimas, apkalbėjimas) are used only in eastern Lithuania, forming local areas of distribution. The form with no prefix (kalbėjimas) is rather typical for southern Lithuania. The emic term žadėjimas (literally, “promising”) is most frequent along the eastern Lithuanian border, where it is still used nowadays. Until the middle of the 20th century, it was also popular in Užnemunė. However, the vernacular term vardijimas (literally, “naming”, or “counting out”), contrary to the previous ones, was spread across Samogitia and northern Lithuania. Today it is no longer used to denote charms.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)-Based Detection of Depressive Comments and Tweets: A Text Classification Approach
Authors: Jose C. Agoylo Jr.  , Kim N. Subang  , Jorton A. Tagud
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Depression is a major mental health problem that affects millions globally, causing significant emotional distress and impacting quality of life. With the pervasive use of social media platforms, individuals often express their thoughts and emotions through online posts, comments, and tweets, presenting an opportunity to study and detect depressive language patterns. This research utilized the dataset from Kaggle between December 2019 and December 2020, which originated largely from India. This paper presents a novel approach for detecting depressive sentiment in online discourse using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques. The study aims to develop an automated system capable of accurately identifying depressive comments and tweets, facilitating early intervention and support for individuals potentially struggling with mental health challenges. The proposed methodology will be rigorously evaluated using standard performance metrics, including precision, recall, F1- score, and ROC curve. The study will also conduct qualitative analyses to gain insights into the types of textual patterns and linguistic cues most indicative of depressive sentiment. The results of our study are promising, with a maximum validation accuracy of 0.88 demonstrating the model's ability to classify depressive and non-depressive comments and tweets accurately. The outcomes of this research have significant implications for mental health monitoring and intervention strategies. By accurately detecting depressive sentiment in online discourse, healthcare professionals and support services can proactively reach out to individuals exhibiting potential signs of depression, fostering early intervention and improving overall mental health outcomes.
‘I Have Never Loved Anyone as Much as I Love You’Pyotr Souvtchinsky and Igor Stravinsky: Pages of Friendship
Authors: Krivitskaya E.D. ,   Tchaikovsky State Conservatoire,   State Institute for Art Studies
Published: July 2024

The article is a part of the forthcoming collaborative monograph The Space of Stravinsky, in which the events of the last ten years of Stravinsky’s life will be examined, including the details of his visit to the USSR in 1962. A number of documents from the ‘F. I. Stravinsky & Sons’ foundation will be published for the first time. The contents of the correspondence between Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky and Pyotr Petrovich Souvtchinsky, published in 2024 in the collection I. F. Stravinsky. Correspondence with Russians. Vol. IV, are just starting to enter the scholarly turnover. The present article provides detailed comments to a number of these letters. Upon moving to the USA, I. F. Stravinsky was avidly interested in the latest news of Paris’s musical life. In turn, P. P. Souvtchinsky not just informed his old friend about the events, but also functioned as the ‘guardian’ of his creative interests. Besides, he was an active mediator between Stravinsky and Soviet musicians that sought to promote the composer’s works in his native land. Another subject matter of the present article is the fate of Stravinsky’s archive. Th e attitude of P. P. Souvtchinsky, considered by the composer as the keeper of his archive, radically diverged from that of Stravinsky’s widow Vera Stravinskaya, as indicated by the correspondence between P. P. Souvtchinsky and the composer’s niece K. Yu. Stravinskaya, some excerpts of which are published here for the first time.
Mastering Future Challenges In The Utilities Industry With SAP®
Authors: NEUBAUR Alexander
Published: July 2024

The utility industry is facing extensive challenges. The use of renewable energies means that smart solutions are needed to control the energy supply so as not to jeopardise energy security. This makes the use of modern physical components as well as information technology components indispensable. This text examines in detail the specific challenges facing the industry in this transition and highlights possible solutions using SAP® technologies. The focus is on the SAP® Technology Platform, SAP® Analytics Cloud and SAP® S/4 Utilities. These SAP products are presented as strategic tools that not only do justice to the complexity of the energy transition, but also enable an agile and efficient IT landscape for utility companies. The functions of the products will be highlighted as well as the possibilities of how these solutions can be integrated into an IT landscape in order to successfully master the challenges of the future.
Kształtowanie przestrzeni a zdrowie w wymiarze społecznym. Wybrane zagadnienia regulacji i praktyki w Polsce
Authors:   Instytut Rozwoju Miast i Regionów, Szlenk-Dziubek Dorota , Szetela Anna ,   Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum
Published: July 2024

Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie obecności problematyki zdrowia publicznego w regulacjach odnoszących się do planowania przestrzennego w Polsce oraz analiza podstawowych regulacji zdrowia publicznego pod kątem uwzględnienia roli planowania i zagospodarowania przestrzennego jako czynnika kształtującego determinanty zdrowia. Wykorzystano metodę przeglądów: aktów normatywnych, dokumentów niemających charakteru aktów prawnych oraz literatury. W artykule przybliżono koncepcję „zdrowia we wszystkich politykach” (ang. Health in All Policies, HiAP) oraz prawne podstawy uwzględniania bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego w kształtowaniu przestrzeni w Polsce. Determinanty zdrowia powinny w większym stopniu stanowić przedmiot
analiz pod kątem wprowadzania stosownych regulacji w Ustawie o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym oraz w Ustawie – Prawo budowlane. Z kolei w podstawowym dokumencie polityki zdrowia publicznego, jakim jest Narodowy Program Zdrowia (NPZ), nie wykorzystuje się możliwości podkreślenia roli planowania przestrzennego we wspieraniu zdrowia społeczeństwa. W planowaniu przestrzennym oraz działaniach dla zdrowia publicznego istotne jest uwzględnianie mechanizmów partycypacyjnych. Przykładem
narzędzia HiAP wpisującego się jednocześnie w nurt promowania współpracy podmiotów odpowiedzialnych za planowanie przestrzeni z podmiotami odpowiedzialnymi za zdrowie w wymiarze społecznym oraz w postulaty wzmacniania partycypacji jest ocena skutków zdrowotnych (ang. Health Impact Assessment, HIA). Z uwagi na trwającą reformę systemu planowania artykuł może stanowić wstęp do dyskusji na temat szerszego ujęcia zagadnień zdrowia publicznego w planowaniu przestrzennym w Polsce oraz roli ministra ds. planowania przestrzennego w zadaniach NPZ-etu.
O FUNK OSTENTAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA E SOCIAL
Authors: Amaral Daniel Andreoni Ribeiro Franco do
Published: July 2024

Este texto apresenta uma análise sobre o funk ostentação e sua relação com alguns pensadores, economistas e sociólogos. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como a exibição no funk influencia as dinâmicas econômicas e sociais nas comunidades urbanas marginalizadas. Para isso, foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos detalhados: analisar a manifestação do consumo conspícuo à luz da teoria de Thorstein Veblen, investigar como as instituições culturais e econômicas influenciam a disseminação da vaidade, explorar os espaços urbanos e digitais como bens comuns na promoção da cultura de aparências, e avaliar o impacto social e econômico nas comunidades marginalizadas. A metodologia utilizada incluiu a análise de literatura pertinente e a avaliação de dados provenientes de fontes secundárias. Os resultados do estudo indicaram que a prodigalidade serve como uma estratégia de distinção social e econômica e que instituições e plataformas digitais auxiliam na sua disseminação, e concluiu-se ser uma manifestação complexa das dinâmicas de poder, identidade e resistência em contextos de desigualdade. As considerações finais destacam a importância de continuar a pesquisa nessa área para ampliar a compreensão do assunto e fomentar avanços futuros.
MANAGERSKE NAPOVEDI IN DEJANSKI UČINKI PANDEMIJE COVID-19 NA SLOVENSKA PODJETJA
Authors: Bešter Janez
Published: July 2024

Napovedovanje poslovnih rezultatov podjetij je zahtevno že v običajnih razmerah poslovanja, povečana kompleksnost in vsestranska negotovost, ki jo je prinesla pandemija COVID-19, pa sta to nalogo managerjev dodatno otežili. V članku primerjamo napovedi managerjev 154 slovenskih podjetij, ki smo jih anketirali spomladi 2020 ob zaključku prvega vala epidemije, z dejanskimi poslovnimi rezultati teh podjetij v letih 2019, 2020 in 2021. Ugotavljamo, da med poslovnimi rezultati podjetij v letu pred pandemijo ter anketnimi napovedmi managerjev ni statistično značilnih povezav, da pa so bili managerji uspešni v napovedovanju učinkov pandemije na njihove poslovne rezultate v letih 2020 in 2021. Ključni pojmi: podjetja, management, napovedovanje, učinki, pandemija, finance, kazalniki, COVID-19
Vertical structure of a springtime smoky and humid troposphere over the southeast Atlantic from aircraft and reanalysis
Authors: Pistone Kristina , Wilcox Eric M. , Zuidema Paquita , Giordano Marco , Podolske James , LeBlanc Samuel E. , Kacenelenbogen Meloë , Howell Steven G. , Freitag Steffen
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The springtime atmosphere over the southeast Atlantic Ocean (SEA) is subjected to a consistent layer of biomass burning (BB) smoke from widespread fires on the African continent. An elevated humidity signal is coincident with this layer, consistently proportional to the amount of smoke present. The combined humidity and BB aerosol has potentially significant radiative and dynamic impacts. Here, we use aircraft-based observations from the NASA ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) deployments in conjunction with reanalyses to characterize covariations in humidity and BB smoke across the SEA. The observed plume–vapor relationship, and its agreement with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis, persists across all observations, although the magnitude of the relationship varies as the season progresses. Water vapor is well represented by the reanalyses, while CAMS tends to underestimate carbon monoxide especially under high BB. While CAMS aerosol optical depth (AOD) is generally overestimated relative to ORACLES AOD, the observations show a consistent relationship between carbon monoxide (CO) and aerosol extinction, demonstrating the utility of the CO tracer to understanding vertical aerosol distribution. We next use k-means clustering of the reanalyses to examine multi-year seasonal patterns and distributions. We identify canonical profile types of humidity and of CO, allowing us to characterize changes in vapor and BB atmospheric structures, and their impacts as they covary. While the humidity profiles show a range in both total water vapor concentration and in vertical structure, the CO profiles primarily vary in terms of maximum concentration, with similar vertical structures in each. The distribution of profile types varies spatiotemporally across the SEA region and through the season, ranging from largely one type in the northeast and southwest to more evenly distributed between multiple types where air masses meet in the middle of the SEA. These distributions follow patterns of transport from the humid, smoky source region (greatest influence in the northeast of the SEA) and the seasonal changes in both humidity and smoke (increasing and decreasing through the season, respectively). With this work, we establish a framework for a more complete analysis of the broader radiative and dynamical effects of humid aerosols over the SEA.
Uncertainties in temperature statistics and fluxes determined by sonic anemometers due to wind-induced vibrations of mounting arms
Authors: Gao Zhongming , Liu Heping , Li Dan , Yang Bai , Walden Von , Li Lei , Bogoev Ivan
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Accurate air temperature measurements are essential in eddy covariance systems, not only for determining sensible heat flux but also for applying density effect corrections (DECs) to water vapor and CO2 fluxes. However, the influence of wind-induced vibrations of mounting structures on temperature fluctuations remains a subject of investigation. This study examines 30 min average temperature variances and fluxes using eddy covariance systems, combining Campbell Scientific sonic anemometers with closely co-located fine-wire thermocouples alongside LI-COR CO2–H2O gas analyzers at multiple heights above a sagebrush ecosystem. The variances of sonic temperature after humidity corrections (Ts) and sensible heat fluxes derived from Ts are underestimated (e.g., by approximately 5 % for temperature variances and 4 % for sensible heat fluxes at 40.2 m, respectively) as compared with those measured by a fine-wire thermocouple (Tc). Spectral analysis illustrates that these underestimated variances and fluxes are caused by the lower energy levels in the Ts spectra than the Tc spectra in the low-frequency range (natural frequency < 0.02 Hz). These underestimated Ts spectra in the low-frequency range become more pronounced with increasing wind speeds, especially when wind speed exceeds 10 m s−1. Moreover, the underestimated temperature variances and fluxes cause overestimated water vapor and CO2 fluxes through DEC. Our analysis suggests that these underestimations when using Ts are likely due to wind-induced vibrations affecting the tower and mounting arms, altering the time of flight of ultrasonic signals along three sonic measurement paths. This study underscores the importance of further investigations to develop corrections for these errors.
An introduction of Three-Dimensional Precipitation Particles Imager (3D-PPI)
Authors: Shi Jiayi , Liu Xichuan , Liu Lei , Liu Liying , Wang Peng
Published: July 2024

Abstract. A Three-Dimensional Precipitation Particles Imager (3D-PPI) is presented as a new instrument for measuring the size, fall velocity, and three-dimensional shape of the precipitation particles. The 3D-PPI consists of three high-resolution cameras with telecentric lenses and one high-speed camera with one non-telecentric lens. The former records the high- resolution images of falling particles from three angles, based on which the three-dimensional shapes of particles can be restored by using a 3D reconstruction algorithm, and the observation volume is large enough to obtain the particle size distribution (PSD). The latter records the images of the falling precipitation particles with 200 frames per second, based on which the falling velocity of particles can be calculated. The field experiment of the 3D-PPI and OTT PARSIVEL disdrometer (OTT) was conducted at Tulihe, China, more than 880,000 snowflakes were recorded during a typical snowfall case lasting for 13 hours, and the results show that the PSD obtained by the 3D-PPI and OTT a good agreement. It shows a potential application in atmospheric science, polar research, and other fields.
Measurement report: Sources and meteorology influencing highly-time resolved PM2.5 trace elements at 3 urban sites in extremely polluted Indo Gangetic Plain in India
Authors: Shukla Ashutosh Kumar , Tripathi Sachchida Nand , Talukdar Shamitaksha , Murari Vishnu , Gaddamidi Sreenivas , Manousakas Manousos-Ioannis , Lalchandani Vipul , Dixit Kuldeep , Ruge Vinayak M , Khare Peeyush , Kumar Mayank , Singh Vikram , Rastogi Neeraj , Tiwari Suresh , Srivastava Atul K. , Ganguly Dilip , Daellenbach Kaspar Rudolf , Prevot Andre Stephan Henry
Published: July 2024

Abstract. High time-resolution aerosol measurements across various regions of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) are essential due to its dense population, intense industry, pollution episodes, agriculture, health impacts, and climate implications. However, absence of studies in Central IGP (C-IGP) limits the comprehensive understanding, as research has been primarily concentrated in Upper IGP (U-IGP) with limited spatial coverage. To address this gap, the study aimed to provide insights into elemental concentrations, sources, regional comparisons, seasonal variations, meteorological influences, and health risks using Xact at three urban sites in U-IGP and C-IGP regions. During cold, S, Cl, and K were major contributors to elemental-PM2.5, while warm periods exhibited significant variations in Al, Si, Sr, and Ba concentrations, indicating seasonal influences on pollution levels. Average concentrations of carcinogenic elements (Pb, Ni, As, and Cr) typically stayed below recommended levels, but individual exceedances of Pb was 40–50 % during both periods in U-IGP, linked to coal combustion and lead smelting. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) using ME-2 (Multilinear engine 2) solver was performed, resolving Cl-rich, coal combustion, Cu-rich, dust, SFC1 (Solid fuel combustion 1), SFC2, and S-rich. Cl-rich, S-rich, and SFC1 in both regions, with differences observed in their relative contributions, indicating the influence of regional emissions. Role of meteorology in variation of elemental-PM2.5 during clean and polluted episodes in IGP regions were observed. During pollution episodes, when PM2.5 concentrations showed sharp increase as compared to clean periods especially during cold, the relative contribution of Cl-rich increased which is due to the condensation of Chloride during low temperature, indicating the role of steel industries as well as trash (plastic and PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) mixed) in the pollution episode as well as haze formations. However, the clean periods during warm were dominated by Dust and S-rich. Overall, the study highlights the variation of elemental pollution across IGP regions, its health impact and factors driving the pollution episodes. These findings aid in understanding spatial and temporal dynamics of elemental pollution, informing mitigation strategies and policies for public health protection in the region.
Calibrating calving parameterizations using graph neural network emulators: Application to Helheim Glacier, East Greenland
Authors: Koo Younghyun , Cheng Gong , Morlighem Mathieu , Rahnemoonfar Maryam
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Calving is responsible for the retreat, acceleration, and thinning of numerous tidewater glaciers in Greenland. An accurate representation of this process in ice sheet numerical models is critical in order to better predict the future response of the ice sheet to climate change. While traditional numerical models have succeeded in simulating ice dynamics and calving under specific parameterized conditions, the computational demand of these models makes it difficult to efficiently fine-tune these parameterizations, adding to the overall uncertainty in future sea level rise. Here, we develop various standard Graph Neural Network (GNN) architectures, including graph convolutional network (GCN), graph attention network (GAT), and equivariant graph convolutional network (EGCN), to construct surrogate models of finite-element simulations from the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model. GNNs are particularly well suited for this problem as they naturally capture the representation of unstructured meshes used by finite-element models. When these GNNs are trained with the simulation results of Helheim Glacier, Greenland, for different calving stress thresholds, they successfully reproduce the evolution of ice velocity, ice thickness, and ice front migration between 2007 and 2020. GNNs show better fidelity than convolutional neural networks (CNN) particularly near the boundaries of fast ice streams, and EGCN outperforms the others by preserving the equivariance of graph structures. By using the GPU-based GNN emulators, which are 260–560 times faster than the numerical simulations, we determine the optimal range of the calving threshold that minimizes the misfit between the modeled and observed ice fronts.
Machine learning for improvement of upper tropospheric relative humidity in ERA5 weather model data
Authors: Wang Ziming , Bugliaro Luca , Gierens Klaus , Hegglin Michaela I. , Rohs Susanne , Petzold Andreas , Kaufmann Stefan , Voigt Christiane
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Knowledge of humidity in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is of special interest due to its importance for cirrus cloud formation and its climate impact. However, the UTLS water vapor distribution in current weather models is subject to large uncertainties. Here, we develop a dynamic-based humidity correction method using artificial neural network (ANN) to improve the relative humidity over ice (RHi) in ECMWF numerical weather predictions. The model is trained with time-dependent thermodynamic and dynamical variables from ECMWF ERA5 and humidity measurements from the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS). Previous and current atmospheric variables within ±2 ERA5 pressure layers around the IAGOS flight altitude are used for ANN training. RHi, temperature and geopotential exhibit the highest impact on ANN results, while other dynamical variables are of minor importance. The ANN shows excellent performance and the predicted RHi in the UT has a mean absolute error MAE of 6.6 % and a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.93, which is significantly improved compared to ERA5 RHi (MAE of 15.7 %; R2 of 0.66). The ANN model also improves the prediction skill for all sky UT/LS and cloudy UTLS and removes the artificial peak at RHi = 100 %. The contrail predictions are in better agreement with MSG observations of ice optical thickness than the results without humidity correction for a contrail cirrus scene over the Atlantic. The ANN method can be applied to other weather models to improve humidity predictions and to support aviation and climate research applications.
Land use change influence on atmospheric organic gases, aerosols, and radiative effects
Authors: Vella Ryan , Forrest Matthew , Pozzer Andrea , Tsimpidi Alexandra P. , Hickler Thomas , Lelieveld Jos , Tost Holger
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) are emitted in large quantities from the terrestrial biosphere and play a significant role in atmospheric gaseous and aerosol composition. Such emissions account for 90 % of the total global volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and exert a significant influence on the atmosphere’s oxidation capacity. BVOCs are precursors of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which affect the radiation budget both directly through scattering and absorption of sunlight and indirectly through modifying cloud formation, properties and distribution. Human activities have extensively altered natural vegetation cover, primarily by converting forests into agricultural land. In this work, a global atmospheric chemistry-climate model with interactive vegetation was employed to study the impacts of perturbing the biosphere through human land use change, consequently exploring changes in BVOC emissions and atmospheric aerosol burden. Given that our vegetation model simulates potential natural vegetation (PNV), a land use scheme was implemented to constrain the Tree Plant Functional Type (PFT) cover based on land transformation fraction maps from the year 2015. Two scenarios are evaluated: (1) comparing present-day land cover, which includes areas deforested for crops and grazing land, with the natural vegetation cover (PNV), and (2) an extreme reforestation scenario where present-day crop and grazing land are restored to natural vegetation. We find that, compared to the PNV scenario, present-day deforestation results in a 26 % reduction in BVOC emissions, which decreases the global biogenic SOA (bSOA) burden by 0.16 Tg (a decrease of 29 %), while the total organic aerosol (OA) burden decreases by 0.17 Tg (a reduction of 9 %). On the other hand, the extreme reforestation scenario, compared to present-day land cover, suggests an increase in BVOC emissions by 22 %, which increases the bSOA by 0.11 Tg and total OA burden by 0.12 Tg, an increase of 26 % and 6 %, respectively. The assessment includes changes in the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) in each scenario. In the present-day deforestation scenario, we estimate a positive total radiative effect (aerosol + cloud) of 60.4 mW m−2 (warming) compared with the natural vegetation scenario, while in the extreme reforestation scenario, we report a negative effect (cooling) of 38.2 mW m−2 compared to the PNV scenario.
Dual-frequency (Ka-band and G-band) radar estimates of liquid water content profiles in shallow clouds
Authors: Socuellamos Juan M. , Rodriguez Monje Raquel , Lebsock Matthew D. , Cooper Ken B. , Kollias Pavlos
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The profile of the liquid water content (LWC) in clouds provides fundamental information for understanding the internal structure of clouds, their radiative effects, propensity to precipitate, and degree of entrainment and mixing with the surrounding environment. In principle, differential absorption techniques based on coincident dual-frequency radar reflectivity (DFR) observations have the potential to provide the LWC profile. Previous DFR efforts were challenged by the fact that the measurable differential attenuation for small quantities of LWC is usually comparable to the system measurement error. This typically renders the retrieval impractical, as the uncertainty can become many times greater than the retrieved value itself. Theoretically this drawback can be mitigated following two interconnected approaches: (1) increasing the frequency separation between the dual-frequency radar system to measure greater differential attenuation and (2) increasing the radar operating frequency to reduce the instrument measurement random error. Our recently developed 239 GHz radar was deployed at the Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (EPCAPE) along with a variety of collocated remote and in-situ instruments. We have combined Ka-band (35 GHz) and G-band (239 GHz) observations to retrieve the LWC from more than 15000 vertical profiles of shallow clouds with small amounts of LWC. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the pair Ka-band and G-band offers a substantial improvement in the LWC retrieval sensitivity compared to previous works reported in the literature using lower-frequency radars. This new technique provides a missing capability to determine the LWC in the challenging low liquid water path (LWP) range and suggests a way forward to characterize microphysical and dynamical processes more precisely in shallow clouds.
ESD Ideas: Positive tipping points towards global regenerative systems
Authors: Tàbara J. David
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Coping with the threats posed by multiple negative Earth tipping points calls for large coordinated actions conducive to creating long-lasting positive synergies between human and biophysical systems. Boundary concepts, engaging narratives and aspirational visions play a crucial role in coordinating the kinds of deliberate transformations needed to address global existential challenges. The regenerative sustainability vision and paradigm offers such an enabling cognitive and discursive capacity to integrate the insights from social and natural sciences so net-positive tipping points towards a safe and just space for humanity can better be operationalised, coordinated and enacted within and across multiple kinds of social–ecological systems.
Visibility-derived aerosol optical depth over global land from 1959 to 2021
Authors: Hao Hongfei , Wang Kaicun , Zhao Chuanfeng , Wu Guocan , Li Jing
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Long-term and high spatial resolution aerosol optical depth (AOD) data are essential for climate change detection and attribution. Global ground-based AOD observations are sparsely distributed, and satellite AOD retrievals have a low temporal frequency as well low accuracy before 2000 over land. In this study, AOD at 550 nm is derived from visibility observations collected at more than 5000 meteorological stations over global land regions from 1959 to 2021. The AOD retrievals (550 nm) of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the Aqua Earth observation satellite are used to train the machine learning model, and the ERA5 reanalysis boundary layer height is used to convert the surface visibility to AOD. Comparisons with an independent dataset (AERONET ground-based observations) show that the predicted AOD has a correlation coefficient of 0.55 at the daily scale. The correlation coefficients are higher at monthly and annual scales, which are 0.61 and 0.65, respectively. The evaluation shows consistent predictive ability prior to 2000, with correlation coefficients of 0.54, 0.66, and 0.66 at the daily, monthly, and annual scales, respectively. Due to the small number and sparse visibility stations prior to 1980, the global and regional analysis in this study is from 1980 to 2021. From 1980 to 2021, the mean visibility-derived AOD values over global land areas, the Northern Hemisphere, and the Southern Hemisphere are 0.177, 0.178, and 0.175, with a trend of −0.0029 per 10 years, −0.0030 per 10 years, and −0.0021 per 10 years from 1980 to 2021. The regional means (trends) of AOD are 0.181 (−0.0096 per 10 years), 0.163 (−0.0026 per 10 years), 0.146 (−0.0017 per 10 years), 0.165 (−0.0027 per 10 years), 0.198 (−0.0075 per 10 years), 0.281 (−0.0062 per 10 years), 0.182 (−0.0016 per 10 years), 0.133 (−0.0028 per 10 years), 0.222 (0.0007 per 10 years), 0.244 (−0.0009 per 10 years), 0.241 (0.0130 per 10 years), and 0.254 (0.0119 per 10 years) in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Western North America, Eastern North America, Central South America, Western Africa, Southern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia, Eastern China, and India, respectively. However, the trends decrease significantly in Eastern China (−0.0572 per 10 years) and Northeast Asia (−0.0213 per 10 years) after 2014, with the larger increasing trend found after 2005 in India (0.0446 per 10 years). The visibility-derived daily AOD dataset at 5032 stations over global land from 1959 to 2021 is available from the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center (https://doi.org/10.11888/Atmos.tpdc.300822) (Hao et al., 2023).
HUST-Grace2024: a new GRACE-only gravity field time series based on more than 20 years of satellite geodesy data and a hybrid processing chain
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zheng Lijun , Li Yaozong , Guo Xiang , Zhou Zebing , Luo Zhicai
Published: July 2024

Abstract. To improve the accuracy of monthly temporal gravity field models for the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions, a new series named HUST-Grace2024 is determined based on the updated L1B datasets (GRACE L1B RL03 and GRACE-FO L1B RL04) and the newest atmosphere and ocean de-aliasing product (AOD1B RL07). Compared to the previous HUST temporal gravity field model releases, we have made the following improvements related to updating the background models and the processing chain: (1) during the satellite onboard events, the inter-satellite pointing angles are calculated to pinpoint outliers in the K-band ranging (KBR) range-rate and accelerometer observations. To exclude outliers, the advisable threshold is 50 mrad for KBR range rates and 20 mrad for accelerations. (2) To relieve the impacts of KBR range-rate noise at different frequencies, a hybrid data-weighting method is proposed. Kinematic empirical parameters are used to reduce the low-frequency noise, while a stochastic model is designed to relieve the impacts of random noise above 10 mHz. (3) A fully populated scale factor matrix is used to improve the quality of accelerometer calibration. Analyses in the spectral and spatial domains are then implemented, which demonstrate that HUST-Grace2024 yields a noticeable reduction of 10 % to 30 % in noise level and retains consistent amplitudes of signal content over 48 river basins compared with the official GRACE and GRACE-FO solutions. These evaluations confirm that our aforementioned efforts lead to a better temporal gravity field series. This data set is identified with the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.5880/ICGEM.2024.001 (Zhou et al., 2024).
Consistent point data assimilation in Firedrake and Icepack
Authors: Nixon-Hill Reuben W. , Shapero Daniel , Cotter Colin J. , Ham David A.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. We present a high-level, differentiable, and composable abstraction for the point evaluation of the solution fields of partial differential equation models. The new functionality, embedded in the Firedrake automated finite element system, enables modellers to easily assimilate point data into their models at the point locations, rather than resorting to extrapolation to a computational mesh. We demonstrate the expressiveness and ease with which more mathematically defensible data assimilation can be performed with examples in the fields of groundwater hydrology and glaciology. In various geoscience disciplines, modellers seek to estimate fields that are challenging to directly observe using measurements of other related fields. These measurements are often sparse, and it is common practice to first extrapolate these measurements to the grid or mesh used for computations. When this estimation procedure is viewed as a deterministic inverse problem, the extrapolation step is undesirable because the choice of extrapolation method introduces an arbitrary algorithmic degree of freedom that can alter the outcomes. When the estimation procedure is instead viewed through the lens of statistical inference, the extrapolation step is undesirable for the additional reason that it obscures the number of statistically independent measurements that are assimilated and thus makes it impossible to apply statistical goodness-of-fit tests or model selection criteria. The introduction of point evaluation into Firedrake, together with its integration into the automatic differentiation features of the system, greatly facilitates the direct assimilation of point data and thus improved methodology for solving both deterministic and statistical inverse problems.
Merits and Limits of SWAT-GL: Application in Contrasting Glaciated Catchments
Authors: Schaffhauser Timo , Hofmeister Florentin , Chiogna Gabriele , Merk Fabian , Tuo Ye , Machnitzke Julian , Alcamo Lucas , Huang Jingshui , Disse Markus
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The recently released SWAT-GL aims to overcome multiple limitations of the traditional hydrological model SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) in glaciated mountainous catchments. SWAT-GL intends to increase the applicability of SWAT in these catchments and to reduce misapplication when glaciers have a significant role in the catchment hydrology. It thereby relies on a mass balance module, based on a degree-day approach similar to SWAT’s snow melt module, extended by a glacier evolution component which is based on the delta-h (Δh) parameterization. The latter one is a mass conserving approach which enables the spatial distribution of ice thickness changes and thus dynamic glacier retreat. However, the extended SWAT version was not yet comprehensively assessed. Hence, our paper aims to evaluate SWAT-GL using four different benchmark glaciers which are part of the USGS (United States Geological Survey) Benchmark Glacier Project. The study considers a comprehensive evaluation procedure, where the routine is optimized on glacier mass balance and hypsometry as well as snow cover. Snow cover is included to consider snow-glacier feedbacks appropriately. Besides, a sensitivity analysis using Elementary Effects (or Method of Morris) is performed to give a detailed picture on the importance of the introduced glacier processes, as well as the relevance of the interactions with the already-existing snow routine. We intentionally did not include discharge in the optimization procedure to fully demonstrate the capabilities of SWAT-GL in terms of glacier and snow processes. Results demonstrate that SWAT-GL is able to perform reasonably well in contrasting glaciated catchments, which underlines SWAT-GL’s applicability and transferability. We could further show its strong (non-linear) interactions with the existing snow routine suggesting a simultaneous calibration of the snow components. While snow and glacier processes were adequately represented in the catchments, discharge was not necessarily represented sufficiently when excluded in the optimization procedure. However, SWAT-GL has been shown to be easily capable of reproducing discharge when used in a stand-alone optimization, although this may come at the expense of model consistency.
Characterizing hail-prone environments using convection-permitting reanalysis and overshooting top detections over south-central Europe
Authors: Giordani Antonio , Kunz Michael , Bedka Kristopher M. , Punge Heinz Jürgen , Paccagnella Tiziana , Pavan Valentina , Cerenzia Ines M. L. , Di Sabatino Silvana
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The challenges associated with reliably observing and simulating hazardous hailstorms call for new approaches that combine information from different available sources, such as remote sensing instruments, observations, or numerical modelling, to improve understanding of where and when severe hail most often occurs. In this work, a proxy for hail frequency is developed by combining overshooting cloud top (OT) detections from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) weather satellite with convection-permitting High rEsolution ReAnalysis over Italy (SPHERA) reanalysis predictors describing hail-favourable environmental conditions. Atmospheric properties associated with ground-based reports from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) are considered to define specific criteria for data filtering. Five convection-related parameters from reanalysis data quantifying key ingredients for hailstorm occurrence enter the filter: most unstable convective available potential energy (CAPE), K index, surface lifted index, deep-layer shear, and freezing-level height. A hail frequency estimate over the extended summer season (April–October) in south-central Europe is presented for a test period of 5 years (2016–2020). OT-derived hail frequency peaks at around 15:00 UTC in June–July over the pre-Alpine regions and the northern Adriatic Sea. The hail proxy statistically matches with ∼63 % of confirmed ESWD reports, which is roughly 23 % more than the previous estimate over Europe coupling deterministic satellite detections with coarser global reanalysis ambient conditions. The separation of hail events according to their severity highlights the enhanced appropriateness of the method for large-hail-producing hailstorms (with hailstone diameters ≥ 3 cm). Further, signatures for missed small-hail occurrences are identified, which are characterized by lower instability and organization and warmer cloud top temperatures.
Bridging classical data assimilation and optimal transport: the 3D-Var case
Authors: Bocquet Marc , Vanderbecken Pierre J. , Farchi Alban , Dumont Le Brazidec Joffrey , Roustan Yelva
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Because optimal transport (OT) acts as displacement interpolation in physical space rather than as interpolation in value space, it can avoid double-penalty errors generated by mislocations of geophysical fields. As such, it provides a very attractive metric for non-negative, sharp field comparison – the Wasserstein distance – which could further be used in data assimilation (DA) for the geosciences. However, the algorithmic and numerical implementations of such a distance are not straightforward. Moreover, its theoretical formulation within typical DA problems faces conceptual challenges, resulting in scarce contributions on the topic in the literature. We formulate the problem in a way that offers a unified view with respect to both classical DA and OT. The resulting OTDA framework accounts for both the classical source of prior errors, background and observation, and a Wasserstein barycentre in between states which are pre-images of the background state and observation vector. We show that the hybrid OTDA analysis can be decomposed as a simpler OTDA problem involving a single Wasserstein distance, followed by a Wasserstein barycentre problem that ignores the prior errors and can be seen as a McCann interpolant. We also propose a less enlightening but straightforward solution to the full OTDA problem, which includes the derivation of its analysis error covariance matrix. Thanks to these theoretical developments, we are able to extend the classical 3D-Var/BLUE (best linear unbiased estimator) paradigm at the core of most classical DA schemes. The resulting formalism is very flexible and can account for sparse, noisy observations and non-Gaussian error statistics. It is illustrated by simple one- and two-dimensional examples that show the richness of the new types of analysis offered by this unification.
Perancangan E-Voting Berbasis Web Pemilu Raya Bem Universitas Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo
Authors: Afianto Dafit , Hermanto Hermanto , Suri Riko Muhammmad
Published: July 2024

Salah satu cara penting untuk membuat keputusan dalam pemilihan, terutama tentang pendidikan tinggi, adalah dengan memilih menggunakan aplikasi evoting. Evoting adalah sistem pemilihan yang memungkinkan data disimpan, disimpan, dan diproses dalam bentuk informasi digital. Dengan kata lain, pemungutan suara adalah proses pemilihan yang dilakukan secara elektonik (digital) mulai dari pendaftaraan pemilih, pelaksanaan pemilihan, perhitungan suara, dan pengiriman hasil suara. Mahasiswa dapat menggunakan hak suaranya secara online dengan menggunakan e-voting. Meskipun e-voting berbasis web ini dapat dilakukan di mana pun, proses pemilihan tetap di bilik. Sistem ini terdiri dari tiga komponen penting: sistem pemilihan suara, sistem perhitungan suara, dan sistem cetak hasil pemilihan. Semua komponen ini mengumpulkan hasil e- voting di Universitas Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo. Tujuan dari pemungutan suara elektronik (e-voting) adalah untuk memungkinkan penghitungan suara yang cepat dan hemat biaya dengan menggunakan sistem yang aman dan mudah digunakan untuk pemeriksaan.
Implementasi Fuzzy Logic Mamdani Untuk Monitoring Kualitas Udara Berbasis Iot
Authors: Majidah Ziyadatul , Ari Bianto Mufti , Dwi Saputra Bagus
Published: July 2024

Kualitas udara merupakan aspek penting dalam menjaga kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Meningkatnya aktivitas industri, urbanisasi, dan lalu lintas, polusi udara semakin meningkat sehingga menimbulkan risiko bagi kesehatan manusia dan berbagai dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Penggunaan bahan bakar, pemanasan, dan proses kimia menghasilkan emisi CO yang dapat mempengaruhi suhu lingkungan. Permasalahan tersebut memerlukan suatu sistem yang dapat mengetahui kualitas udara dan memperingatkan kepada pengguna melalui sistem jika kondisi udara tidak sehat. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi penting terhadap upaya menjaga kualitas udara lokal yang lebih baik dan melindungi kesehatan masyarakat. Sistem ini menggunakan metode Fuzzy Mamdani yang efektif dalam mengatasi ketidakpastian dan kompleksitas sistem yang tidak terstruktur. Pengujian alat dan aplikasi menunjukkan bahwa sensor MQ7 dapat mengukur kadar CO dengan menentukan korelasi antara nilai PPM dan Vout dan sensor DHT11 dapat berfungsi dengan baik dalam mengukur suhu normal dengan hasil yang didefuzzifikasi menggunakan metode centroid sekitar 7,37 dimana memiliki tingkat kesehatan yang cenderung berada di antara Baik. Data yang di dapat oleh sensor diproses oleh NodeMCU ESP32 dan ditampilkan oleh LCD, data yang didapatkan juga dikirimkan ke database setiap 2 menit ke website, aplikasi ini menampilkan monitoring suhu dan kadar CO yang terdapat di database yang dikirimkan oleh alat monitoring.
KONSENTRASI DAN MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DI KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Maharani Silvia , Yantoro Yantoro , Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa , Ismi Mori Putra Deka
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi dan minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Matematika di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 13/I Rengas Condong. Metode penelitian kuantitatif (ex post facto) dan teknik purposive sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan peneliti, dengan teknik pengambilan data berupa instrumen angket. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan: 1) hasil uji parsial X1 terhadap Y didapati thitung > ttabel yaitu 5,297 > 2,086 dan nilai Sig. 0,000 < 0,05 dengan persentase 58,4% (kategori moderat); 2) hasil uji parsial X2 terhadap Y didapati thitung > ttabel yaitu 5,409 > 2,086 dan nilai Sig. 0,000 < 0,05 dengan persentase 59,4% (kategori moderat); 3) hasil uji simultan X1 dan X2 terhadap Y didapati Fhitung > Ftabel yaitu 19,917 > 3,522 dan nilai Sig. 0,000 < 0,05 dengan persentase 67,7% (kategori moderat). Hasil uji hipotesis dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan konsentrasi dan minat belajar berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Matematika di kelas IV SDN 13/I Rengas Condong.
Semaglutida: Uma análise dos efeitos do uso no combate à obesidade
Authors: Ribeiro Lorranny Vitoria Niquini , Dias Junior Elismar dos Santos , Azevedo Paula Fonseca Sena de , Oliveira Pedro Henrique dos Santos Carneiro de , Cordeiro Giovanna Gomes , Pinheiro Henrique Soares , Leão Kemile Albuquerque
Published: July 2024

A obesidade é uma doença crônica que afeta 650 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Como tratamento há a redução da ingestão calórica, prática regular de atividade física e pode ocorrer também a associação com medicamentos que promovem a perda de gordura corporal. Nesse contexto, surgem os fármacos à base de semaglutida, os quais tem como principal objetivo o tratamento da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, mas que tem como efeito secundário a perda de peso, à exemplo do Ozempic. O presente estudo se propõe a compreender como a semaglutida contribui com a perda de gordura corporal e levantar pontos positivos e negativos do uso desta substância no tratamento da obesidade por meio de uma revisão narrativa de literatura. Após análise dos artigos selecionados na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e textos buscados online, foram encontrados como resultados positivos a perda significativa de peso corporal, redução da glicemia plasmática e redução de risco de acidentes cardiovasculares. Em contrapartida, os principais efeitos adversos relatados foram alterações gastrointestinais, tumores de tireoide, distúrbios psicológicos e reganho significativo de peso após a suspensão do tratamento.