bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado nutricional de crianças indígenas Guarani nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Barreto Carla Tatiana Garcia , Cardoso Andrey Moreira , Coimbra Jr. Carlos E. A.
Published: April 2014

O presente estudo reporta os resultados de inquérito nutricional de crianças indígenas Guarani < 5 anos de idade nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, Brasil. As prevalências de desnutrição, segundo vários índices antropométricos foram de: 50,4% (baixa estatura para idade), 7,9% (baixo peso para idade) e 0,8% (baixo peso para estatura). O déficit de estatura verificado na criança Guarani foi 96% maior do que nas crianças indígenas no Brasil (25,7%) e 7,2 vezes do que o registrado nas crianças da população geral (7%). A prevalência de anemia foi de 65,2%, 3,1 vezes a prevalência correspondente nas crianças não indígenas (20,9%). Este estudo destaca elevadas prevalências de desnutrição crônica e anemia na criança Guarani, e põe em evidência as graves desigualdades em saúde e nutrição que afetam a criança indígena no país.
Associação entre dor crônica e autorrelato de quedas: estudo populacional ? SABE
Authors: Dellaroza Mara Solange Gomes , Pimenta Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos , Lebrão Maria Lúcia , Duarte Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira , Braga Patricia Emília
Published: April 2014

Estudo populacional transversal com idosos sem déficit cognitivo residentes na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre dor crônica e autorrelato de quedas. Idoso com dor crônica foi considerado aquele com dor de duração há mais de um ano. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista domiciliar, e as análises foram realizadas no programa Stata 11.0. A prevalência de dor crônica foi 29,7% (IC95%: 25,4-33,9); a prevalência de queda, no último ano, entre idosos com dor foi 31,6% (IC95%: 26,4-37,5) e não diferiu da prevalência entre idosos sem dor (26,4%; IC95%: 23,1-30,0; p = 0,145). No entanto, quando havia dor e osteoporose ou dor e incontinência urinária, o risco de quedas foi 50% (p = 0,019) e 48% maior (p = 0,010), respectivamente. A associação dor crônica e osteoporose ou incontinência urinária elevou a chance de quedas em idosos.
Análise de desempenho de sistema de indicadores para o enfrentamento da violência intrafamiliar e exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Deslandes Suely Ferreira , Mendes Corina Helena Figueira , Luz Eliane Santos da
Published: April 2014

Trata-se de uma revisão crítica, de natureza descritiva-discursiva que teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho metodológico de um sistema de 41 indicadores construído em 2007, em parceria com o Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância voltado para o monitoramento e análises avaliativas da atuação dos municípios no enfrentamento da violência intrafamiliar e exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Na avaliação, foram considerados os seguintes critérios: validade, confiabilidade, sensibilidade, comunicabilidade, relevância social e factibilidade de obtenção de dados. Cada indicador foi analisado individualmente, comparando-se os resultados de pesquisas em três cidades do estado do Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Belford Roxo e São Gonçalo. As dificuldades encontradas para a aplicação dos indicadores foram a falta de dados para o seu cálculo e a baixa qualidade dos registros institucionais. Apresenta-se o sistema revisado de 32 indicadores como ferramenta de gestão para a avaliação e o monitoramento das estratégias municipais para o enfrentamento destes tipos de violência quanto à prevenção; atenção às crianças e familiares; qualificação de notificação e registro; fortalecimento do sistema de garantia de direitos e responsabilização dos agressores.
Mortalidade de idosos em município do Sudeste brasileiro de 2006 a 2011
Authors: Telarolli Júnior Rodolpho , Loffredo Leonor de Castro Monteiro
Published: April 2014

O objetivo foi descrever a mortalidade entre idosos em Araraquara (SP), no período de 2006 a 2011. Estudo epidemiológico descritivo, tendo como fontes de dados o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e a Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados. Foi calculada razão entre coeficientes de mortalidade por ponto (R) e por intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Observou-se mais de 60% dos idosos com nível baixo de escolaridade, sendo que 76% faleceram em hospitais. Entre 2006 e 2008, as diferenças foram estatisticamente significantes entre homens e mulheres, predominando as doenças circulatórias com R = 1,41 (IC95%:1,24-1,58), respiratórias com R = 1,49 (IC95%:1,22-1,76) e neoplasias com R = 1,79 (IC95%: 1,40-2,18). Entre 2009 e 2011, obteve-se, para as causas circulatórias R = 1,18 (IC95%:1,03-1,33), sendo significativas as diferenças para as respiratórias com R = 1,33 (IC95%:1,11-1,55) e câncer sendo R = 1,94 (IC95%:1,53-2,35). O diabetes mellitus e as causas externas apareceram, respectivamente, como quarta e quinta causas de mortes mais frequentes na população idosa. O padrão de mortalidade encontrado ressalta a importância de ações voltadas à redução das principais causas de morte, como o incremento da cobertura da vacina contra a influenza e o controle da hipertensão arterial e do diabetes mellitus.
Planejamento familiar: uso dos serviços de saúde por jovens com experiência de gravidez
Authors: Moura Laís Norberta Bezerra de , Gomes Keila Rejane Oliveira
Published: April 2014

Objetivou-se analisar o uso de serviços de planejamento familiar por jovens com experiência de gravidez. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 464 jovens que finalizaram uma gravidez no primeiro quadrimestre de 2006, quando tinham entre 15 e 19 anos, em seis maternidades de Teresina. Os dados foram coletados em 2008, por meio de formulário pré-codificado e pré-testado. A análise multivariada apontou que jovens de menor renda, maior número de gestações, que têm como fonte de informação profissionais de saúde, família e parceiro, e que usaram método contraceptivo nas últimas relações sexuais eram mais propensas a serem usuárias dos serviços de planejamento familiar. Aproximadamente 55,0% das jovens afirmaram que buscariam um serviço especializado para sua faixa etária, ainda que distante de sua residência. Constatou-se a necessidade de investimentos em serviço especializado para jovens, com características próprias que facilitam o acesso precoce, bem como atendam aos anseios das jovens que mesmo tendo vivenciado uma gravidez na adolescência, não utilizam os serviços de planejamento familiar disponíveis.
A gravidade da cárie está associada à desnutrição proteico-calórica em pré-escolares?
Authors: Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia Costa , Silva Mariana Carvalho Batista da , Machado Camila Maiana Pereira , Ribeiro Marizélia Rodrigues Costa , Thomaz Érika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca
Published: April 2014

Avaliou-se se gravidade da cárie está associada à desnutrição proteico-calórica em pré-escolares. Foi realizado um estudo seccional aninhado a uma coorte retrospectiva de 625 crianças entre 24 -71 meses, em São Luís, Maranhão. Um modelo hierarquizado foi avaliado em cinco níveis: 1º) Variáveis socioeconômicas (classe econômica, escolaridade materna, cor da pele); 2º) Variáveis de acesso; 3º) Baixo peso ao nascer e amamentação exclusiva; 4º) Peso para altura aos 12 meses e 5º) Gravidade da cárie e níveis de albumina (Alb). O desfecho foi desnutrição proteico-calórica (z escore altura para idade < -2). A prevalência do desfecho foi de 5,0 %, e da cárie foi de 32%. As variáveis do primeiro nível não foram associadas ao desfecho, porém a classe econômica foi mantida até o modelo final. As variáveis do segundo e do terceiro níveis não foram significativas. No quarto nível, peso para altura aos 12 meses não foi significativo, porém foi mantido até o modelo final. No último nível, os níveis de Alb não foram associados ao desfecho e a gravidade da doença cárie foi positivamente associada com desnutrição proteico-calórica em pré-escolares. A associação da gravidade da cárie com déficit antropométrico sinaliza que a saúde bucal deva ser parte importante nas políticas públicas de atenção à infância.
Apontamentos e reflexões sobre programas de apoio familiar que favorecem a competência social da criança
Authors: Bigras Marc , Machado Andréa da Luz
Published: April 2014

A harmonia nas relações familiares tem um impacto positivo para todos os seus membros e, em especial, para o desenvolvimento da competência social da criança. Com base nos conhecimentos científicos atuais, a proposta deste artigo é examinar os critérios de qualidade necessários aos programas de apoio psicossocial que visam intervir junto às famílias, no intuito de diminuir os problemas de comportamento das crianças e melhorar sua competência social. Os programas abordados nesse artigo são Incredible Years, High Scope e Fast Track (Estados Unidos), ELEM e Fluppy (Canadá). Constata-se que as intervenções familiares com base nesses conhecimentos atendem a altos padrões de eficácia e ética. Porém, conclui-se que pesquisadores e profissionais ainda encontram obstáculos em protocolos onde a baixa coerência entre a avaliação e a intervenção pode comprometer a qualidade do apoio oferecido às famílias numa perspectiva de saúde pública.
Uma escola Norte-Americana no Ultramar?: uma historiografia da EAESP
Authors: Alcadipani Rafael , Bertero Carlos Osmar
Published: April 2014

O ensino de Administração desenvolvido nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) ganhou proeminência internacional após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, levando diversos autores a analisar esse processo como americanização. Partindo da discordância dos autores com relação à americanização do ensino de gestão, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a EAESP não se constituiu como mera cópia das escolas norte-americanas de Administração em terras brasileiras. Para tanto, com base em depoimentos de figuras proeminentes na história da escola e relatórios enviados por professores da Missão Universitária que deu início a ela, desenvolvemos uma historiografia da FGV-EAESP e, ao final, concluímos que a escola é uma instituição híbrida, na qual o modelo dos EUA foi adequadoà realidade brasileira.
Análise dialélica parcial em gerações avançadas para seleção de populações segregantes de trigo
Authors: Pimentel Adérico Júnior Badaró , Souza Moacil Alves de , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio Souza , Rocha João Romero do Amaral Santos de Carvalho , Machado Juarez Campolina , Ribeiro Guilherme
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar, em gerações avançadas, os efeitos da capacidade geral e específica de combinação de genitores de trigo, bem como selecionar populações segregantes superiores. Doze genitores e suas 36 populações nas gerações F2 e F3, obtidas em arranjo de dialelo parcial, foram avaliados quanto à produtividade de grãos. Utilizou-se o delineamento em látice 7x7, com duas repetições, mais um tratamento para completar o látice. O efeito de capacidade geral de combinação foi significativo, nas duas gerações. Observou-se alta correlação (0,83) dos efeitos de capacidade geral de combinação entre gerações, mas inexpressiva influência dos efeitos de gerações e de anos na classificação dos cruzamentos. As populações provenientes do cruzamento entre os genitores BRS 254, BRS 264 e IAC 364 (Tucuruí III) e os genitores MGS 1 Aliança, VI 98053 e UFVT 1 Pioneiro apresentam maior potencial para obtenção de linhagens superiores, quanto à produtividade de grãos. O uso da análise dialélica parcial em gerações avançadas é promissor para programas de melhoramento de trigo por hibridação.
Parâmetros populacionais da raça ovina Santa Inês no Brasil
Authors: Teixeira Neto Milton Rezende , Cruz Jurandir Ferreira da , Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza , Malhado Carlos Henrique Mendes , Faria Helder Henrique Neves
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura populacional de ovinos da raça Santa Inês criados no Brasil. Foram utilizados dados de pedigree de 13.216 animais, pertencentes a 53 rebanhos de oito estados brasileiros, nascidos no período de 1976 a 2010. O programa Endog foi utilizado para análise do pedigree e estimação dos parâmetros populacionais. Do total de animais estudados, 80,86% apresentaram pedigree na primeira ascendência, 73,78% na segunda e 67,75% na terceira. O número máximo de gerações conhecidas foi de 19, e a média de gerações equivalentes foi de 4,67. A média do intervalo de gerações foi de 3,22±1,77 anos. O tamanho efetivo da população apresentou média de 172,5 animais. O número de animais fundadores foi 829, mas o número efetivo de fundadores foi apenas 50. Os 17 principais ancestrais explicaram 50% da variabilidade genética total. O coeficiente médio de relação foi de 3,87% e o de endogamia, de 6,92%. Apesar do satisfatório coeficiente médio de endogamia nas últimas gerações, este coeficiente requer monitoramento por sua proximidade do limite recomendável. O fluxo de genes entre os rebanhos é o principal fator para o aumento do tamanho efetivo e a manutenção da variabilidade genética da raça Santa Inês.
Use of alloplastic meshes in abdominal wounds of rats with induced peritonitis
Authors: BARBUTO Rafael Calvão , DUVAL-ARAUJO Ivana , BARRAL Sumara Marques , ROCHA Raphael Grossi , BECHARA Cristiane de Souza , BARBOSA Alfredo José Afonso
Published: April 2014

Background : The use of alloplastic meshes has been historically contra-indicated in patients with infection. Aim : To evaluate the use of polypropylene meshes in the treatment of abdominal wall defects in rats with peritonitis. Methods : Twenty Wistar female rats were divided into two groups: induction of peritonitis (test group) and without peritonitis (control group). An abdominal wall defect was created in all animals, and polypropylene mesh was applied. The evaluation of the tensile strength of the mesh was carried out using tensiometer and microscopic analysis of the healing area was done. Results : More adhesion of the mesh to the rat abdominal wall was observed in test group. The histopathological analyses showed prevalence of moderate to accentuated granulation tissue in both groups, without significant differences. Conclusion : The use of the mesh coverage on abdominal wall defects of rats with induced peritonitis did not show worse results than its use in healthy animals, nor was its integration to the resident tissue any worse.
Combined liver-kidney transplantation: experience at a brazilian university hospital
Authors: VERAS Francisca Jovita de Oliveira , COELHO Gustavo Rêgo , FEITOSA-NETO Bartolomeu Alves , CERQUEIRA João Batista Gadelha , GARCIA Regina Célia F. Gomes , GARCIA José Huygens Parente
Published: April 2014

Background: Combined liver-kidney transplant is a routine procedure in many transplant centers. The increase in its number coincided with the introduction in 2002 of the MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease) score for allocation of livers, prioritizing patients with renal dysfunction. Aim : To analyze the experience with combined liver-kidney transplantation in a liver transplant center in Brazil. Method : A retrospective review was conducted. All transplants were performed using grafts from deceased donors. Results : Sixteen combined liver-kidney transplantations were performed in the same period, which corresponds to 2.7% and 2.5% of the kidney and liver transplants, respectively. Fourteen patients were male (87.5 %) and two were female (12.5%). The average patients and donors age was 57.3±9.1 and 32.7±13.1, respectively. The MELD score mean was 23.6±3.67. The main cause of liver dysfunction were chronic hepatitis C virus (n=9). As for renal dysfunction, diabetic nephropathy (n=4) was the most frequent. There were six deaths, two of them by severe dysfunction of the liver graft and four by infectious causes. The 1, 3 and 5 years survival rate in patients undergoing liver-kidney transplantations was 68.8%, 57.3% and 57.3%, respectively. Conclusion : The survival rates achieved in this series are considered satisfactory and show that this procedure has an acceptable morbidity and survival.
Hypoxia among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list
Authors: NACIF Lucas Souto , ANDRAUS Wellington , SARTORI Kathryn , BENITES Carlos Marlon , SANTOS Vinicius Rocha , ROCHA-FILHO Joel Avancini , D'ALBUQUERQUE Luiz Carneiro
Published: April 2014

Background: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is formed by a triad of liver disease, intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and changes in blood gases. This condition is present in 4-32% of patients with cirrhosis. Aim : To analyze the blood gas changes data of patients in liver-transplant waiting list. Method: Clinical data of 279 patients in liver transplantation waiting list in May 2013 were studied. Overall patient was analyzed by the demographic aspects, laboratorial and image findings on exams that determine lung disease (hypoxemia) in these cirrhotic patients. The mean values and standard deviations were used to examine normally distributed variables. Results: There was a high prevalence of male patients (68%); the mean age was 51(±5,89) years, and the predominant reason for listing was hepatitis C cirrhosis. The MELD score mean was 16±5,89, without prioritization or special situation. The most common blood type was O in 129 cases (46%) and the mean of body max index was 25,94±4,58. Regarding arterial blood gas tests was observed 214 patients with PaO2 <90 mmHg, 80 with PaO2 <80 mmHg and 39 with PaO2 <50 mmHg. In relation to O2 saturation, 50 patients had <90%, 33 <80% and 10 <50%. Conclusion: Was observed a high rate of hypoxemia in patients on waiting list liver transplant. Due to the high severity and morbidity, is suggested better monitoring and therapeutic support to hypoxemic patients on liver transplant waiting list.
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids: a critical appraisal of the current options
Authors: CERATO Marlise Mello , CERATO Nilo Luiz , PASSOS Patrícia , TREIGUE Alberto , DAMIN Daniel C.
Published: April 2014

Introduction : Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is still a dilemma. New techniques have been developed leading to a lower rate of postoperative pain; however, they are associated with a greater likelihood of recurrence. Aim : To review current indications as well as the results and complications of the main techniques currently used in the surgical treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Methods : A systematic search of the published data on the options for treatment of hemorrhoids up to December 2012 was conducted using Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, and UpToDate. Results : Currently available surgical treatment options include procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH), transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD), and conventional hemorrhoidectomy techniques. Excisional techniques showed similar results regarding pain, time to return to normal activities, and complication rates. PPH and THD were associated with less postoperative pain and lower complication rates; however, both had higher postoperative recurrence rates. Conclusion : Conventional surgical techniques yield better long-term results. Despite good results in the immediate postoperative period, PPH and THD have not shown consistent long-term favorable results.
Video-assisted anal fistula treatment: technical considerations and preliminary results of the first brazilian experience
Authors: MENDES Carlos Ramon Silveira , FERREIRA Luciano Santana de Miranda , SAPUCAIA Ricardo Aguiar , LIMA Meyline Andrade , ARAUJO Sergio Eduardo Alonso
Published: April 2014

Backgroung : Anorectal fistula represents an epithelized communication path of infectious origin between the rectum or anal canal and the perianal region. The association of endoscopic surgery with the minimally invasive approach led to the development of the video-assisted anal fistula treatment. Aim : To describe the technique and initial experience with the technique video-assisted for anal fistula treatment. Technique : A Karl Storz video equipment was used. Main steps included the visualization of the fistula tract using the fistuloscope, the correct localization of the internal fistula opening under direct vision, endoscopic treatment of the fistula and closure of the internal opening which can be accomplished through firing a stapler, cutaneous-mucosal flap, or direct closure using suture. Results : The mean distance between the anal verge and the external anal orifice was 5.5 cm. Mean operative time was 31.75 min. In all cases, the internal fistula opening could be identified after complete fistuloscopy. In all cases, internal fistula opening was closed using full-thickness suture. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. After a 5-month follow-up, recurrence was observed in one (12.5%) patient. Conclusion : Video-assisted anal fistula treatment is feasible, reproducible, and safe. It enables direct visualization of the fistula tract, internal opening and secondary paths.
Efeito de vitaminas e esterol como aditivos foliares no desenvolvimento de Bombyx mori L. e influência do modo de aplicação
Authors: Bortoli Sergio Antonio De , Dias Luciane Sandrini , Takahashi Roque , Miranda José Ednilson , De Bortoli Caroline Placidi
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos e os métodos de aplicação dos aditivos foliares decanoato de nandrolona (esteroide anabolizante) a 0,5%, ácido ascórbico (vitamina C) a 0,5%, palmitato de retinol (vitamina A) a 0,5% e acetato de retinol (vitamina A) a 1,0% em alguns parâmetros biológicos do bicho-da-seda. No experimento do modo de aplicação (pulverização foliar antes do fornecimento, depois do fornecimento e por imersão antes do fornecimento) foram utilizados: decanoato de nandrolona 0,5%; ácido ascórbico 0,5%; e palmitato de retinol 0,5%. No ensaio de desenvolvimento do inseto foram avaliados: duração e viabilidade larval; peso de casulo; taxa de encasulamento; teor líquido de seda; longevidade de adultos; número de ovos por fêmea; e duração do período de subida ao bosque. Para o modo de aplicação determinaram-se: ganho de peso, comprimento, diâmetro do tórax e diâmetro do abdome de lagartas de 5º ínstar, assim como comprimento, diâmetro e peso de glândula sericígena. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar de o ácido ascórbico proporcionar os melhores valores para o desenvolvimento corpóreo das lagartas, este não corresponde a incrementos significativos na produção; o palmitato de retinol não melhora o desenvolvimento das lagartas; o acetato de retinol e o palmitato de retinol prolongam o período larval, sem, no entanto, alterar significativamente os parâmetros de produção; a imersão de folhas antes do fornecimento às lagartas é mais viável para a aplicação dos aditivos.
Micobiota parasitária de escleródios de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolada de solos da fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Ethur Luciana Zago , Copatti Andrio Spiller , Fipke Glauber Monçon , Calvano Caroline Carvalho Aguirre , Pazini Juliano de Bastos
Published: April 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar a diversidade da micobiota parasitária e o tempo decorrido até o início do parasitismo de escleródios de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum em solos da fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Foram coletados solos agrícolas e não agrícolas de cinco localidades na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. O isolamento dos fungos foi realizado por meio do teste de iscas, sendo que as iscas foram os escleródios do fitopatógeno, os quais permaneceram enterrados no solo durante 15, 30 e 60 dias. Os fungos foram identificados em nível de gênero. Os gêneros fúngicos encontrados parasitando escleródios foram: Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Pythium (Cromista), Clonostachys rosea (Gliocladium), Chaetomium, Curvularia, Phytophthora (Cromista), Rhizopus, Lichtheimia (Absidia), Mucor, Acremonium, Periconia e Isaria. Observou-se que os escleródios foram parasitados pelos fungos até 15 dias depois de serem enterrados, e deste período em diante apenas a frequência de ocorrência dos fungos mudou. Concluiu-se que os gêneros fúngicos Isaria, Periconia, Acremonium, Lichtheimia (Absidia), Phytophthora, Curvularia e Chaetomium são encontrados em solos agrícolas e não agrícolas na fronteira oeste do RS, e não foram citados anteriormente em outros trabalhos. Existe diversidade de fungos parasitários de escleródios de S. sclerotiorum nos solos da fronteira oeste do RS, os quais podem ser utilizados em experimentos para compor um programa de controle biológico desse fitopatógeno. Os escleródios são parasitados pelos fungos durante até 15 dias, após os mesmos serem enterrados no solo.
Cupins em residências de um bairro em Cáceres, Mato Grosso
Authors: Santos Milaine Fernandes dos , Dutra Carla Cristina , Rieder Arno , Galbiati Carla
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a abundância de cupins e a percepção de moradores sobre a atuação desses insetos como pragas. O trabalho foi conduzido em quatro residências do bairro Jardim Paraíso, em Cáceres, Mato Grosso. Para isso, foram realizadas inspeções em março, maio, agosto e novembro de 2004 e fevereiro de 2005 por meio de coleta manual (dentro das residências e em árvores nos quintais) e da aplicação de questionários com os moradores para verificar a opinião deles sobre a atuação dos cupins. Foram identificadas quatro espécies: Nasutitermes coxipoensis (48,2%), Nasutitermes sp. (31%), Microcerotermes strunckii (7%) e Heterotermes tenuis (13,7%). Tanto os gêneros (χ2 = 7,880; GL = 8; α = 0,445) quanto as espécies (χ2 = 20,542; GL = 12; α = 0,058) ocorreram em proporções similares durante o ano, demonstrando que não existe uma relação entre os períodos de coleta e a abundância de insetos. Neste estudo, 50% dos moradores não consideraram os cupins como pragas em suas residências, provavelmente porque na maioria dos casos esses insetos foram encontrados em árvores. Devido ao baixo número de casas investigadas, mais estudos são necessários para o melhor entendimento sobre a ocorrência de cupins.
Rendimento de conídios e germinação de diferentes isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) cultivados em arroz
Authors: Freitas Alessandra Fequetia , Loureiro Elisângela de Souza , Almeida Maria Eliete Barbosa de , Pessoa Luis Gustavo Amorim
Published: April 2014

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a produção e a viabilidade de diferentes isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae em arroz. Foram colocados em sacos de polipropileno medindo 35 cm de comprimento e 22 cm de largura 100 g de arroz pré-cozido, imediatamente autoclavados a 120 °C, por 25 minutos. Após o resfriamento do arroz, inoculou-se 1 mL de uma suspensão contendo 1,0 x 109 conídios/mL de cada isolado testado, sendo acondicionados em câmara climatizada à temperatura de 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% de UR e fotofase de 12 horas de incubação por 10 dias. Decorrido esse período, o arroz + fungo foi acondicionado em bandejas plásticas para promover a conidiogênese do fungo, dentro da câmara climática a 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% de UR e fotofase de 12 horas. As bandejas ficaram empilhadas por quatro dias, cruzando-as por mais quatro dias. O isolado IBCB 425 foi o que mais produziu conídios em arroz com 1,82 x 109 conídios/g de arroz pré-cozido pelo método de bandeja. Com relação à viabilidade dos isolados, o IBCB 425 também apresentou maior capacidade de germinação dos conídios, com 94,84%.
Parameters Acoustic and High-speed kymography identified effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises
Authors: Pimenta Regina Aparecida , Dájer María Eugenia , Hachiya Adriana , Tsuji Domingos Hiroshi , Montagnoli Arlindo Neto
Published: April 2014

Purpose: To identify the immediate effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises on healthy subjects by means of acoustic parameters and high-speed kymography. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (18 women and 12 men, aged from 19 to 45 years old) participated in this study. The voices were recorded at the range of 44.100 samples/second, before and after of the vocal exercises. We developed a computational routine to extract jitter and shimmer. High-speed kymography was generated from laryngeal images for the analysis of the phase times: closed (CPh), open (OPh), of closing (cPh) and of opening (oPh) and used the paired t-Student test and the Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: After voiced vibrations, acoustic parameters showed reduced jitter for both genders (p=0.018 for men and p<0.01 for women) and reduced shimmer for female voices (p<0.01). There was a decrease in CPh (p=0.046) and cPh (p=0.026) and an increase in OPh (p=0.05) in female vocal folds. After vocal fry, we identified decreased jitter (p<0.01) in female voices and cPh (p=0.026) in male vocal folds. Conclusion: We observed more positive immediate effects of the voiced vibrations, mainly in voice quality and vocal folds among females. Nevertheless, studies with larger male sample and investigation of the appropriate time of vocal fry are necessary to confirm the results of this search.
Two-Year Effects of Aminopyralid on an Invaded Meadow in the Washington Cascades
Authors: Harrington Timothy B. , Peter David H. , Devine Warren D.
Published: April 2014

Four rates of aminopyralid (30, 60, 90, and 120 g ae ha−1 [0.4, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.8 oz ae acre−1]) were compared for their ability to reduce abundance of nonnative dicot species and favor native species in an invaded Cascade Mountain meadow near Trout Lake, WA. Treatments were applied in two replicated studies (June 2009 and 2010), and foliar cover and species richness were monitored for two years. First-year control of nonnative dicots from application of 30 g ae ha−1 of aminopyralid (69%) was greater than that of native dicots (29%); whereas, significant control of both species groups occurred at the higher rates. By the second year after treatment, absolute differences in cover between treated and non-treated plots averaged −17% and −21% for native and nonnative dicots, respectively, and +1% and +27% for native and nonnative monocots, respectively. First-year control of Canada thistle and oxeye daisy was greater after treatment in 2009 (88% and 90%, respectively) than after treatment in 2010 (56% and 55%, respectively), probably because lower spring temperatures in 2010 limited vegetation development and plant susceptibility to aminopyralid. Cover of Kentucky bluegrass and sheep fescue averaged 20% and 6% greater, respectively, in treated plots than in non-treated plots. Application of 30 g ae ha−1 of aminopyralid had no detectable effect on second-year richness of native and nonnative species relative to non-treated plots; however, higher rates caused 24% to 43% reductions in richness of each species group. Research results suggest that application of aminopyralid at 30 g ae ha−1 has the potential to reduce abundance of nonnative dicot species in similar meadow communities of the Pacific Northwest with little or no negative impacts to abundance and richness of native species. As a potential strategy to limit the subsequent spread of Kentucky bluegrass, a grass herbicide, such as fluazifop or sethoxydim, could be added to the treatment.
Disturbance and Wetland Type Alter Reed Canarygrass Cover in Northern Michigan
Authors: Marlor Kathryn M. , Webster Christopher R. , Chimner Rodney A.
Published: April 2014

Although much is known about the physiological capabilities of reed canarygrass (RCG) and the consequences of invasion, less is known about the roles that wetland type and surrounding disturbances play in facilitating the spread of RCG in predominantly forested landscapes. Therefore, the goals of our study were to test if (1) certain wetland types in the Northern Great Lakes region were more susceptible to RCG invasion, (2) certain disturbances facilitated RCG, and (3) the level of road development and the presence or absence of a ditch bordering each observed road influences the frequency of adjacent RCG populations. We randomly selected 28 wetlands within the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community reservation in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. At each wetland, we collected plant community and environmental data and catalogued disturbances. In all, 287 plant species were identified. Cluster analysis revealed 16 distinct vegetation communities, which were distributed among three broader wetland community types: (1) nonforested graminoid, (2) Sphagnum peatlands, and (3) forested wetlands. Occurrence of RCG was most common in the nonforested graminoid communities and was also positively correlated to disturbance. The most frequent disturbances were roads, off-road vehicle trails, and logging activity. Additionally, paved and graded roads, and roads with ditches, were more likely to have RCG alongside them than unpaved dirt roads. Our data suggest that RCG occurrence is controlled by interactions between wetland types and disturbance.
Timescales of self-healing in human bone tissue and polymeric ionic liquids
Authors: Akbarzadeh Johanna , Puchegger Stephan , Stojanovic Anja , Kirchner Helmut O. K. , Binder Wolfgang H. , Bernstorff Sigrid , Zioupos Peter , Peterlik Herwig
Published: April 2014

Strain (stress-free) relaxation in mechanically prestrained bone has a time constant of 75 s. It occurs by a reorganization of the proteoglycan-glycoprotein matrix between collagen fibers, which requires ionic interactions. Dissolving and relinking the ionic bonds is thus an important tool of nature to enable plastic deformation and to develop self-healing tissues. A way to transfer this approach to technical materials is the attachment of ionic end groups to polymeric chains. In these classes of materials, the so-called polymeric ionic liquids, structural recovery of thermally disorganized material is observed. A time constant between minutes and a week could be achieved, also by ionic rearrangement. The same mechanism, rearrangement of ionic bonds, can lead to vastly different relaxation times when the ionic interaction is varied by exchange of the cationic end groups or the anions.
Cationic starch flocculants as an alternative to synthetic polymers in geotextile tube dewatering
Authors: Khachan M.M. , Bhatia S.K. , Bader R.A. , Cetin D. , Ramarao B.V.
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT: Polyacrylamide-based conditioners have become an essential component of the geotextile tube dewatering processes. These conditioners act as flocculants, binding fine sediments through charge neutralisation and particle bridging, resulting in faster dewatering rates and greater retention of fine sediments. Recently, however, momentum has begun to shift towards the use of sustainable materials. Natural flocculants, such as starch and chitosan, are increasingly being tested as an attractive alternative to synthetic polymers. Researchers have identified a number of natural flocculants, polysaccharides and polysaccharide derivatives in particular, as candidates for dewatering applications. In this study, the dewatering performance of four soils (sand, silt, kaolin, and natural organic soil) was evaluated with synthetic and starch-based flocculants. Dewatering performance of five cationic starch-based polymers with charge densities ranging from 0.38 to 0.94 meq/g and molecular weights ranging from 5 × 104g/mol to 5 × 105g/mol were compared with five cationic acrylamide-based polymers with charge densities that ranged from 1 to 3.05 meq/g and molecular weights that ranged from 10 × 106to 20 × 106/mol. The cationic polyacrylamides and cationic starches were selected with a wide range of charge densities and molecular weights in order to study the effect of flocculant properties on the flocculation and dewatering performance of the used soils. The optimum dose of each flocculant was determined using the jar test. Additionally, pressure filtration tests were performed to determine the dewatering rates and filter cake properties. Test results showed that the flocculants' properties, especially charge density, have a significant effect on the optimum dose. The optimum doses of the cationic starch flocculants were two to four times higher than the cationic polyacrylamide polymers. Additionally, it was found that the cationic starches were more effective in minimising the turbidity of the natural organic soils than the cationic polyacrylamides. Finally, the cationic starches allowed for a 900% increase in dewatering rate in comparison with the soil samples that were tested without flocculants.
Dexmedetomidine Sedation With and Without Midazolam for Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Smiley Megann K. , Prior Simon R.
Published: April 2014

Twenty-four patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Intraoperatively, one group received a continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine alone, whereas the other received a continuous dexmedetomidine infusion plus a small dose of midazolam. Early measurements of patient anxiety and psychomotor performance were lower in patients who had received midazolam. This difference was not seen later in the appointment. An amnesic effect was observed in those patients who received midazolam. This effect, however, did not translate into increased patient satisfaction in the group receiving midazolam. Our findings suggest a prolonged discharge time for patients who had been given midazolam that may be clinically significant. Overall, dexmedetomidine showed an unpredictable sedative response and may be less practical than more common alternatives for oral surgery procedures.
Effect of epidural analgesia with opioids on the prevalence of urinary retention in dogs undergoing surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Peterson Nathan W. , Buote Nicole J. , Bergman Philip
Published: April 2014

Objective—To determine whether epidural administration of opioids was associated with clinically important urinary retention in dogs undergoing elective orthopedic procedures.

Design—Retrospective cohort study.

Animals—179 client-owned dogs undergoing elective surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Procedures—Medical records of 179 dogs that underwent surgical correction for cranial cruciate rupture between January 2009 and October 2012 were reviewed; 120 received epidural administration of opioids and 59 did not. Signalment, type of procedure, administration of epidural analgesia, time to first postanesthetic urination, and number of urinations during the first 24 hours were evaluated and compared between groups.

Results—Administration of preservative-free morphine into the epidural space was not significantly associated with time to first urination following anesthetic recovery or the total number of urinations within the first 24 hours of anesthetic recovery. Administration of a hydromorphone bolus IV following surgery was significantly associated with urinary retention, compared with administration of either morphine boluses or fentanyl constant rate infusions following surgery. No other variables were significantly associated with urinary retention.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of preservative-free morphine into the epidural space was not associated with clinically important urinary retention in dogs undergoing elective orthopedic procedures. Systemic administration of opioids may be associated with urinary retention.
Endoscopic-guided laser ablation of vestibulovaginal septal remnants in dogs: 36 cases (2007–2011)
Authors: Burdick Stacy , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick , Langston Cathy
Published: April 2014

Objective—To describe the technique and evaluate short- and long-term outcomes in female dogs after endoscopic-guided laser ablation (ELA) of various vestibulovaginal septal remnants (VVSRs).

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—36 dogs.

Procedures—Medical records of dogs with VVSRs that underwent ELA were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent complete cystourethrovaginoscopy for diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopic-guided laser ablation (with a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet or diode laser) was used to transect the vaginal membrane. Patients with intramural ectopic ureters were concurrently treated with ELA of their ectopic ureters. Endoscopy was repeated 6 to 8 weeks after ELA of vaginal remnants in some patients, and the procedure sites were reassessed.

Results—36 female dogs with persistent paramesonephric septal remnants (n = 19), vaginal septa (11), or dual vaginas (6) were included. Twenty-six dogs had urinary incontinence, 2 had recurrent UTIs, and 8 had both. Thirty of 36 (83%) dogs had concurrent ectopic ureters. Endoscopic-guided laser ablation was performed with holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet and diode lasers in 8 and 28 dogs, respectively. Five dogs had mild postoperative dysuria for < 24 hours. One patient developed a complication involving inadvertent laser perforation of the vaginal wall. There were no negative effects from this event, and the perforation was fully healed within 8 weeks. At the time of follow-up, all defects were fully healed with no sign of recurrence in the 18 (50%) patients reevaluated. There was a significant improvement in continence scores and a significantly decreased incidence of UTIs after ELA. The median follow-up time was 34 months (range, 8 to 57 months).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevence—The results of the present study indicated that ELA provided an effective, safe, and minimally invasive treatment option for various VVSRs in dogs, avoiding the need for more invasive surgery.
Outcome for client-owned domestic rabbits undergoing limb amputation: 34 cases (2000–2009)
Authors: Northrup Nicole C. , Barron Grace Heather Wilson , Aldridge Charles F. , Powers Lauren V. , Greenacre Cheryl B. , Hutcheson Jason D. , Morrisey James K.
Published: April 2014

Objective—To describe morbidity, function, outcome, and owner satisfaction associated with limb amputation in domestic rabbits.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—34 client-owned domestic rabbits.

Procedures—Medical records of domestic rabbits undergoing limb amputation for any cause between 2000 and 2009 were reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival rate and median survival time, and variables were analyzed for relationship to risk of morbidity resulting in euthanasia and to outcome (survival vs nonsurvival [death or euthanasia]). Owners were interviewed to determine satisfaction with outcome of the procedure.

Results—28 rabbits underwent pelvic limb amputation, and 6 underwent thoracic limb amputation. At the last follow-up, 18 rabbits were dead, 9 were alive, and 7 were lost to follow-up. Median overall survival time was 720 days (range, 4 to 3,250 days). Acute and delayed or chronic complications were observed in 22 of 34 and 19 of 32 rabbits, respectively, most commonly difficulty ambulating, hygiene issues, and pododermatitis (cutaneous ulcers at the hock). Six rabbits were euthanized because of complications at a median of 104 days (range, 4 to 399 days) after surgery. Risk of morbidity resulting in euthanasia increased with heavier body weight and concurrent disease affecting ambulation at the time of amputation. Weight, age, and pododermatitis at the time of amputation were significantly negatively associated with survival time. Thirty-one (91%) owners were satisfied with the outcome.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although limb amputation was tolerated by most rabbits and most owners were satisfied, complications resulted in death in 6 of 34 (18%) rabbits, and 19 of 32 (59%) developed chronic complications. Amputation in heavy rabbits or those with concurrent pododermatitis, musculoskeletal disease, or neurologic disease should be considered carefully. Because of the small sample size and retrospective nature of this study, results should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis generating.
Identification and effects of common errors and artifacts on the perceived quality of radiographs
Authors: Nuth Ellie K. , Armbrust Laura J. , Roush James K. , Biller David S.
Published: April 2014

Objective—To identify common errors in film and digital radiographs provided by referring veterinarians and determine the effect of such errors on the perceived diagnostic quality of image sets.

Design—Prospective study.

Sample—135 sets of radiographic images acquired by referring veterinarians for client-owned small animals evaluated at a university hospital.

Procedures—Sets of radiographs were prospectively collected and evaluated for proper performance of various radiographic technical variables including exposure, collimation, positioning, inclusion of all appropriate views, presence of artifacts, radiation safety, and labeling. Sets of radiographs were subjectively determined to be of diagnostic or nondiagnostic quality by 2 evaluators.

Results—The variables exposure, correct positioning, absence of artifacts, and acquisition of all appropriate views were significantly associated with a determination of diagnostic quality for radiograph sets. Correct patient labeling, radiation safety, and x-ray beam centering and collimation were not associated with a determination of diagnostic quality for radiograph sets. The number of categories with errors was significantly associated with identification of radiograph sets as having diagnostic or nondiagnostic quality. Digital radiographs had a significantly lower number of image artifacts and significantly higher frequency of proper labeling versus film radiographs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study suggested the technical variables proper exposure, proper positioning, absence of artifacts, and acquisition of all appropriate views were important for acquisition of sets of radiographs of high diagnostic quality. Identification of these errors and adjustment of radiographic technique to eliminate such errors would aid veterinarians in obtaining radiographs of high diagnostic quality and may reduce misinterpretation.
LMI based fuzzy observer design for Takagi-Sugeno models containing vestigial nonlinear terms
Authors: Krokavec Dušan , Filasová Anna
Published: April 2014

The paper deals with the problem of full order fuzzy observer design for the class of continuous-time nonlinear systems, represented by Takagi-Sugeno models containing vestigial nonlinear terms. On the basis of the Lyapunov stability criterion and the incremental quadratic inequalities, two design conditions for this kind of system model are outlined in the terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to illustrate the procedure and to validate the performances of the proposed approach.
Reduced order hybrid function projective combination synchronization of three Josephson junctions
Authors: Ojo Kayode. S. , Njah Abdulahi N. , Ogunjo Samuel T. , Olusola Olasunkanmi I.
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we examine reduced order hybrid function projective combination synchronization of three chaotic systems consisting of: (i) two third chaotic Josephson junctions as drives and one second order chaotic Josephson junction as response system; (ii) one third order chaotic Josephson junction as the drive and two second order chaotic Josephson junctions as the slaves using active backstepping technique. The analytic results confirm the realization of reduced order hybrid function projective combination synchronization using active backstepping technique. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the analytical results.
On the dimension of the space of ℝ-places of certain rational function fields
Authors: Banakh Taras , Kholyavka Yaroslav , Potyatynyk Oles , Machura Michał , Kuhlmann Katarzyna
Published: April 2014

We prove that for every n ∈ ℕ the space M(K(x
1, …, x
n) of ℝ-places of the field K(x
1, …, x
n) of rational functions of n variables with coefficients in a totally Archimedean field K has the topological covering dimension dimM(K(x
1, …, x
n)) ≤ n. For n = 2 the space M(K(x
1, x
2)) has covering and integral dimensions dimM(K(x
1, x
2)) = dimℤ
M(K(x
1, x
2)) = 2 and the cohomological dimension dimG
M(K(x
1, x
2)) = 1 for any Abelian 2-divisible coefficient group G.