bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissociable contributions of the medial parietal cortex to recognition memory
Authors: Koslov Seth R. , Kable Joseph W. , Foster Brett L.
Published: March 2024

Human neuroimaging studies of episodic memory retrieval routinely observe the engagement of specific cortical regions beyond the medial temporal lobe. Of these, medial parietal cortex (MPC) is of particular interest given its distinct functional characteristics during different types of retrieval tasks. Specifically, while recognition and autobiographical recall tasks are both used to probe episodic retrieval, these paradigms consistently drive distinct spatial patterns of response within MPC. However, other studies have emphasized alternate MPC functional dissociations in terms of brain network connectivity profiles or stimulus category selectivity. As the unique contributions of MPC to episodic memory remain unclear, adjudicating between these different accounts can provide better consensus regarding MPC function. Therefore, we used a precision neuroimaging dataset (7T fMRI) to examine how MPC regions are differentially engaged during recognition memory and how these task-related dissociations may also reflect distinct connectivity and stimulus category functional profiles. We observed interleaved, though spatially distinct, subregions of MPC where responses were sensitive to either recognition decisions or the semantic representation of stimuli. In addition, this dissociation was further accentuated by these functional subregions displaying distinct profiles of connectivity with the hippocampus during task and rest. Finally, we show that recent observations of dissociable person and place selectivity within MPC reflect category specific responses from within identified semantic regions that are sensitive to mnemonic demands. Together, by examining precision functional mapping within individuals, these data suggest previously distinct observations of functional dissociation within the MPC conform to a common principle of organization throughout hippocampal-neocortical memory systems.

Significance StatementMedial parietal cortex (MPC) is ubiquitously implicated in studies of human episodic memory retrieval. Interestingly, distinct subregions of the MPC are engaged depending on the type of retrieval task being performed. Other types of functional dissociation have also been reported for MPC, focusing on brain network organization or stimulus selectivity. To reconcile these different functional views, we leveraged a precision neuroimaging dataset where participants performed thousands of recognition memory trials. We observed distinct MPC subregions supporting either recognition decisions or their semantic content, which recapitulated distinct patterns of hippocampal connectivity and visual category selectivity within MPC. These findings promote a common principle of functional organization that is shared amongst brain regions supporting episodic memory and advances our understanding of MPC.
Antropologia i ascetyzm
Authors: Doroszkiewicz Warsonofiusz
Published: March 2024

Socrates described man as a soul imprisoned in the body, whereas the soul is in him that something which participates most in the divine nature, something that governs us. The Bible though sees a man as a complete whole, in which the soul, the spirit and the body are described as certain aspects of the functioning of this whole, and not its autonomous parts. a man is also understood as predestined by God to be saved thanks to the redemptory mission of the messiah – Jesus Christ. apostle Paul introduces the idea that a man consists of the body, the spirit and the soul. Human soul, due to the inherited results of the original sin, is in a permanent danger of the evil temptations. The key to its health is the mind which enables the man to know God, the interior sense of the things and the principles of created things. The mind tends to God, it can purify itself of the evil and introduce and maintain the holiness coming from God. The Fathers of the Philocalia considered the heart as the spiritual centre of the human person directly engaged in the spiritual warfare, and its purification considered as an indispensable condition of man’s transformation.God loves man, He created him on His image, gave him freedom and calls him unceasingly to the completion of the divine likeness – that is to the natural participation in the divine life. During the earthly life this participation is attained by a slow process of elevation above one’s own limits and opening oneself to the action of the uncreated energies of God. This process implies the purification of the hole human being by an ascetic effort in order to overcome the sinfulness. ascesis in Christianity is understood as a practice of renouncements, aiming at the spiritual freedom of any disordered attachement to the created reality. monastic ascesis is a complete renouncement, a constant crucifying of oneself in order to fight with the passions, to keep God’s commandments and to acquire virtues. This ascesis had different forms, of which the most important and significant is the practicing of the “pure prayer”, “the prayer of the heart” which helps a man to purify himself of the passions and acquire the knowledge of God, the ultimate peace and the contemplation of God.
Kult świętych w Prawosławiu
Authors: Charkiewicz Jarosław
Published: March 2024

The article begins from explaining two key terms for the theme: the holiness and the the concept of theosis. In the first and second paragraph author makes general remarks on what is the sanctity of God and sanctity of the Church. Only after that it is explained what was the meaning of the word “saint” used in the Old Testament and similarities and differences of the meaning of this term in the New Testament. The Church teaching of sanctity was précised in VII–VIII centuries only, when St. John Damascenes explained the differences between of worshiping God and venerating the saints. The author also explains differences between veneration of saints and the cult of pagan heroes, as well as between venerating saint and venerating angels. many observations are given from the Church Fathers as well as contemporary Orthodox theologians.In the third paragraph it was explained how the forming of the venerating saints of different categories was made i.e.: the martyrs, the apostles, the prophets, the ancestors (fathers, etc.), saint hierarchs of the Church, the venerable (the monastics), the right-believing, the witnesses, unmercenary physicians, the fool-for-Christ, the passion-bearers, the righteous (the just).The fourth paragraph gives short analysis of several main elements of the veneration of saints, as: the prayers to the saints, the intercession of the saints, the veneration of icons of the saints, the venerating of relics of the saints, the establishing of the feasts honoring the saints in the Church calendar, the liturgical feast for the memory of the saints, building of the churches honoring the saints, hymnography and hagiography to commemorate saints. The last paragraph of the article makes an explanation how the word “canonization” is understood on Orthodox Church and what is the procedure of canonizing saints in Orthodoxy is used.
Analysis of the impact of green infrastructure on surface runoff from urban areas
Authors: Vozelj Urban , Šraj Mojca , Bezak Nejc
Published: March 2024

Current construction methods and the marked increase in urbanisation are contributing to a high proportion of impermeable surfaces in built areas. Such surfaces reduce the infiltration of rainfall into the ground, which in turn leads to high amounts of surface runoff, which can have negative consequences in terms of flood safety. The introduction of green and hybrid infrastructure seeks to improve the characteristics of urban areas in terms of increasing the infiltration of rainwater and reducing stormwater runoff. In this study, we considered the larger industrial area of Rudnik in Ljubljana. Based on data on rainfall characteristics and soil properties, we calculated the surface runoff for the current situation and the situation when the improvements were introduced, where we took into account green roofs, tree planting and porous ground surfaces. Having analyzed the data, measurements, and calculations, we found that green infrastructure contributed positively to the reduction of surface runoff in urban areas, with differences of up to 20% at the annual level and up to 10% at the storm event level compared to the situation without improvements. In terms of surface runoff, the use of porous ground surfaces was identified as the best solution, with relatively small differences between the selected measures. From a financial point of view, tree planting was identified as the best solution, as trees can provide similar surface runoff reduction as green roofs and porous surfaces, with lower construction and maintenance costs.
Photonic Crystals based Biosensors in Various Biomolecules Applications
Authors: Defvi Eunike Friska , Rahmasari Lita
Published: March 2024

Over the past decades, photonic crystals have emerged as interesting photonic structures. It plays a vital role in many fields of optical communication, biomedical sensing, and other applications due to its compactness, high sensitivity, high selectivity, fast responsiveness, etc. Strong light confinement in photonic crystals and adjustment of its geometrical parameters have led to the emergence of photonic crystal biosensors. Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and disorders in clinical settings worldwide. Photonics crystal-based biosensor is one of the solutions to detect various diseases. By using literature review method, this paper aims to explore applications of photonic crystal-based biosensors to encounter the sensitivity of various biomolecules for cancer, malaria, and blood components detection.
The Technical Report: What is Continuum Zone Repetition on Popular Resistance Training Periodization
Authors: Kahraman Yeli̇z
Published: March 2024

As resistance training periodization has recently been touted potential plan and program to regime, session and set-up. The continuum zone repetition has been associated with developing resistance training periodization to develop maximize performance, however it might be more far-reaching as either periodization relationship may be use continuum zone repetition strategy is poorly understood. To determine continuum zone repetition improved resistance training periodization through specAs resistance training periodization has recently been touted potential plan and program to regime, session and set-up. The continuum zone repetition has been associated with developing resistance training periodization to develop maximize performance, however it might be more far-reaching as either periodization relationship may be use continuum zone repetition strategy is poorly understood. To determine continuum zone repetition improved resistance training periodization through specific properties periodic repetition strategy. To date, continuum zone repetition on either current resistance training periodization or training regimes are common approach to produce equivocal maximize performance outcomes. Technical report research conducted on two electronic databases like Pubmed and Web of Science. Resolution for disparity due to continuum zone repetition seem to rarely researches. Exploration of the optimize performance relationship is required continuum zone repetition strategy to evaluate maximize strength, hypertrophy, endurance and power session. Until such studies are completed the efficiency of continuum zone repetition limited in popular resistance training periodizationific properties periodic repetition strategy. To date, continuum zone repetition on either current resistance training periodization or training regimes are common approach to produce equivocal maximize performance outcomes. Technical report research conducted on two electronic databases like Pubmed and Web of Science. Resolution for disparity due to continuum zone repetition seem to rarely researches. Exploration of the optimize performance relationship is required continuum zone repetition strategy to evaluate maximize strength, hypertrophy, endurance and power session. Until such studies are completed the efficiency of continuum zone repetition limited in popular resistance training periodization
El estallido social desde la prensa escrita concentrada en el Perú (2022-2023)
Authors: Ramírez Farias Tania Lucía
Published: March 2024

En Perú, el mercado de la prensa escrita es un oligopolio dominado por pocas corporaciones que operan en condiciones de altos niveles de desconfianza a los medios de comunicación por parte de la ciudadanía. En este contexto, se presenta un análisis de las portadas de medios de prensa escrita durante la primera fase del ciclo de protestas en el Perú (diciembre 2022-marzo 2023). En diálogo con la teoría del “paradigma de la protesta” sobre la relación entre prensa y movimientos sociales, se realiza un análisis crítico de la cobertura de los seis periódicos con mayor alcance, a partir de sus portadas como indicador de su línea editorial. El análisis de texto evidencia los dispositivos más recurrentes de deslegitimación de la protesta, demonización de sus participantes y del tipo de cobertura a la represión estatal. El trabajo cuantitativo encuentra que si bien las portadas de todos los periódicos de la muestra han recurrido en mayor o menor medida a dispositivos de deslegitimación, variables como la afinidad al Gobierno de turno y el carácter de tabloide influyen en la probabilidad de deslegitimar la protesta.
Crisis y heterogeneidad en la representación temporal del sistema político español, 2008-2020
Authors: Martín-Sánchez Juan
Published: March 2024

El artículo tiene dos objetivos: primero, estudiar el papel que juega el tiempo en la representación política como emplazamientos en el desarrollo de los acontecimientos y como configuración del sistema político; segundo, analizar la simultaneidad de varios procesos recientes que afectan, de manera crítica, al desarrollo “normal” del sistema político en España. El periodo de análisis, entre la recesión económica del 2008 y el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, en febrero del 2020, gira en torno al desafío independentista del Gobierno de la Generalitat y la respuesta del Gobierno de España. El foco se pone en el análisis de una triple crisis: la territorial, la corrupción y la desigualdad. La simultaneidad de estas tres crisis crea problemas en los emplazamientos temporales del sistema político y en la capacidad de los actores políticos para proyectar sus estrategias más allá de la coyuntura. Ninguna de las tres crisis se ha resuelto y el sistema político español no ha alcanzado una situación de estabilidad equivalente a la anterior al 2008. De esto se concluye que, tal vez, no sea la crisis, como emplazamiento temporal, la noción que mejor represente la estructura política de España, sino la heterogeneidad.
Efecto de la manteca de cerdo criollo cajamarquino como reemplazo dietario de los aceites de soya y palma sobre la respuesta productiva y metabolitos plasmáticos del pavo
Authors: Paredes Manuel , Quintana Marx , Mantilla José
Published: March 2024

The effect of three sources of lipids in the diet of fattening turkeys from the Hybrid Converter line on growth, carcass weight and blood metabolites were evaluated. A total of 90 43-day-old male turkeys were randomly distributed into 3 treatments, with 5 repetitions and 6 birds per group. The turkeys received isonutritional diets supplemented with Cajamarca Creole lard (MCCC), soybean oil (AS) or palm oil (AP). Turkeys aged 43 to 70 days with MCCC and AP had better body weight gain, lower feed consumption and better feed conversion (p<0.05) than those with the AS treatment; However, there were no differences between treatments during the finishing phase (71-98 days) nor in the total fattening period (43-98 days). The carcass weight in MCCC and AS was greater than in AP, in addition, they reduced (p<0.05) the relative weight of the liver and the percentage of abdominal fat compared to AP. Triglycerides and total cholesterol in blood were lower (p<0.05) in AS and MCCC than in AP, likewise, MCCC decreased (p<0.05) the malondialdehyde content in blood. It is concluded that MCCC in fattening turkeys from 43 to 98 days of age can replace AS and AP in the diet, since it does not generate negative effects or a decrease in the evaluated indicators.
Efecto de mordientes sobre la variación de diámetro y tono de color en hilos de fibra de alpaca teñidos con flores de colli (Buddleja coriacea)
Authors: Lozano Franklin , Quispe-Quispe Arturo , Vilcanqui-Pérez Fulgencio
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mordants on the variation of mean fibre diameter (MFD), spinning fineness (SF), and colour tone in alpaca fibre threads dyed with colli flowers (Buddleja coriacea). The dye was extracted using boiling water, followed by immersion of the thread in 160 ml of extract and post-mordanting with collpa, alum, and lemon salt at boiling temperature. MFD was measured using S-Fiber Med equipment. Colorimetry parameters were obtained using a spectrometer, and FT-IR spectrophotometer was used for identification of functional groups. MFD in colli-dyed and post-mordanted threads significantly increased with the addition of mordants, with the highest change observed with lemon salt (30.09 μm). The same trend was observed for SF. Dyeing with colli flower extract and subsequent mordant application produced different shades and hues of yellow colour in alpaca thread with significant variations in colorimetry parameters and FT-IR spectrum intensity. The reflectance spectrum R (%) showed a typical yellow colour curve with small differences in intensity due to the mordants used. In conclusion, MFD in colli-dyed thread increased by 0.44 µm; collpa mordanted by 2.78 µm; alum by 3.31 µm, and lemon salt by 3.51 µm compared to white thread, also producing different shades and hues of yellow colour with significant variations in colorimetry parameters and K/S. The sample dyed with colli without mordant presented the highest intensity, and lower intensity was observed in post-mordanted samples in FT-IR.
La otra visita: legitimidad interna y convulsión externa. Richard Milhous Nixon en Costa Rica (1955)
Authors: Cascante Segura Carlos Humberto
Published: March 2024

Mediante la revisión de documentos producidos por las agencias estadounidenses y costarricenses, así como periódicos de la época en ambos países, se analizan los factores coyunturales que rodearon la visita de Richard M. Nixon a Costa Rica. El artículo concluye que la relación con Estados Unidos era fundamental tanto para el gobierno costarricense como para la oposición en el ámbito de la política interna. Además, la investigación ejemplifica cómo los actores costarricenses no solo buscaban adaptarse a la política estadounidense, sino que también intentaban influenciarla en su propio beneficio. Desde esta perspectiva, los objetivos de las autoridades estadounidenses no siempre se desarrollaron según lo planeado, lo que demuestra las limitaciones de la influencia estadounidense en relación con actores menos poderosos de la región, como los actores políticos de Costa Rica.
Escandalosas: Plebeian Women and Violence in Venezuela’s Middle Period (1790-1860)
Authors: Zahler Reuben
Published: March 2024

Este estudio gira en torno al significado del concepto de "escándalo" en Venezuela, durante el período que abarca desde el final de la colonia hasta las primeras décadas republicanas (~1780 -~1860), así como al análisis de este fenómeno a través de un minucioso examen de casos judiciales de mujeres acusadas de delitos violentos. La investigación ha revelado que históricamente el término "escándalo" tenía un significado mucho más siniestro del que tiene hoy. Cuando se utilizaba en referencia a la religión, a la política y a la administración del Estado el término se asociaba a la rebelión contra las instituciones, así como contra las jerarquías sociales y las normas culturales que las sustentaban. Provocar un escándalo implicaba no sólo una incitación a la rebeldía, sino que además amenazaba el orden social porque otros podrían imitar el mal ejemplo de la transgresora. Si una mujer era acusada de comportamiento escandaloso, se daba por hecho que se había rebelado contra las jerarquías patriarcales, el código de honor y las normas de decencia femenina. Aunque el escándalo en sí no era un delito, los tribunales daban prioridad al mantenimiento del orden social y, por tanto, trataban el escándalo como si lo fuera. Incluso si el tribunal absolvía a la mujer del cargo de asesinato, el juez la castigaba por haber escandalizado a la comunidad. Las acusadas en los juicios solían ser pobres y analfabetas. Su bajo estatus socioeconómico las hacía especialmente vulnerables a las acusaciones de comportamiento escandaloso porque cualquier violación de las normas femeninas podía aparecer como una rebelión contra la jerarquía patriarcal, así como también a las falsas acusaciones de familiares o vecinos porque la simple insinuación de que había provocado un escándalo podía dañar su reputación.
“Para no vivir en perpetua afectación de un sexo mentido”. Normas de género y travestismo en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX chileno
Authors: Undurraga Schüler Verónica , Montoya Muñoz Sandra Cristina
Published: March 2024

Este artículo analiza las normas de género y sus posibilidades de negociación en la sociedad chilena en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX. A partir de un connotado caso de homicidio ocurrido en 1845 se propone que el travestismo de la identidad masculina no solo era tolerado, sino también justificado cuando este era transitorio y no vulneraba la representación de lo masculino como identidad superior a la femenina. Desde el estudio de fuentes judiciales, prensa, libros sobre el caso y correspondencia de las partes involucradas, se constata cómo la adopción de la identidad femenina por un hombre no implicaba necesariamente la negación de la masculinidad, pudiendo centrarse el interés del público en torno al honor de las partes involucradas.
Pteridophytes Diversity and Distribution Along The Elevational Gradient of Mount Penanggungan's Hiking Trail, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hasyim Muhammad Asmuni , Hanifa Berry Fakhry , Septiadi Luhur , Firdaus Firman , Setya Yudha , Mulyono Rizki Mujahidin , Achmad Caesar Rasendria , Haq Mochammad Nur Izzul
Published: March 2024

Pteridophytes (ferns) are a fundamental element of tropical rainforests, which provide excellent microhabitats for their development. In addition, the sensitivity of pteridophytes to shifts in microclimate and anthropogenic disturbances makes them excellent environmental bioindicators. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and distribution of pteridophytes along the elevational gradient of two well-known hiking trails of Mount Penanggungan, East Java, Indonesia. Using a 10x10 m2 plot and transect line, we examined the composition, species diversity using Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), relative abundance, and distribution pattern using Morisita index of dispersion (Id) of ferns along an elevational gradient (700–1500 m above sea level) on the hiking trails of Mount Penanggungan, i.e., Tamiajeng and Kunjorowesi. As many as 14 species from 7 families living in both terrestrial and arboreal types were identified. Species composition along the elevation gradient revealed a pattern of predominating species. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') indicated a moderate level of diversity, where many pteridophytes species are found on the altitude gradient between (700-900 m dpl), and the Morisita index of dispersion (Id) indicated a clustered distribution pattern for most of the species. This pattern of diversity and distribution can be explained by changes in biotic and abiotic factors.
Spores Morphological Characteristics of Several Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae Fern in "Eka Karya" Botanical Garden - Bali
Authors: Pramesti Ni Kadek Rika , Lestari Wenni Setyo , Kriswiyanti Eniek , Wijaya I Made Saka
Published: March 2024

Ferns of Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae families can be found in the "Eka Karya" Botanical Garden, Bali as a collection or naturally growing in the botanical garden and those families are taxonomically classified as primitive ferns. The morphological characteristics of the family of Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae or even other types of ferns can be known through the morphological characteristics of the spores. This study aimed to characterize the spore morphology of the Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae fern of The "Eka Karya" Botanical Garden. Observation of the morphological characteristics of spores in the "Eka Karya" Botanical Garden was carried out by a simple method without acetolysis. The result of six types of fern plants from the family of Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae showed similarities to the spore unit, monads. Each family has unique characteristics that can be used to differentiate each other. The family Ophioglossaceae has a variety of spore colors, trilete spore types, mostly globose-shaped (except for one species the trilobate), the average polar diameter is 28.59±2.19 – 31.00±2.49 μm and the equatorial diameter is 32.85±1.74 – 37.55± 1.71 μm, the P/E ratio is 0.79-0.87, the shape based on the P/E ratio is suboblate, the spore size category is medium and has radial symmetry. For the family Psilotaceae, has a pale yellow-green spore color, monolete type, elongate-ellipsoidal shape, average polar diameter of 26.20±2.76 –29.81±2.96 μm and equatorial diameter of 52.98±2.55 – 63.31±4.65 μm, P/E ratio of 0.47-0.49, shape based on P/E ratio i.e. peroblate, large spore size category and has bilateral symmetry. Those characteristics are valuable taxonomic data that can be used as diagnostic characters for the identification of the families Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae.
The Effectiveness of Duolingo English Courses in Developing Reading and Listening Proficiency
Authors: Jiang Xiangying , Peters Ryan , Plonsky Luke , Pajak Bozena
Published: March 2024

This study evaluated the reading and listening proficiency levels of 245 English language learners who completed the Basic content (through Common European Framework of Reference for Languages [CEFR] level A2) of one of the following three Duolingo English courses: English for Japanese, Spanish, or Portuguese speakers. Participants self-reported having little to no prior proficiency in English and used Duolingo as their only learning tool. Their language skills were measured using the reading and listening sections of the STAMP 4S English Test from Avant Assessment. The results show that, on average, learners at the end of the Basic content (A2) scored Intermediate High in both reading and listening in all three courses. Given that Duolingo’s English courses are CEFR-aligned with an expected proficiency outcome of Intermediate Mid upon completion of the A2 content, it is noteworthy that participants across the three studied courses surpassed these expectations by achieving an additional American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language (ACTFL) sublevel in both reading and listening. Such results present a robust and coherent body of evidence affirming the efficacy of Duolingo’s English courses in enhancing learners’ competencies in reading and listening comprehension.
Discutindo a concepção newtoniana do movimento circular uniforme utilizando TICs
Authors: Reis K.G.C. , Lima D.S. , Pereira L.O. , Rego V.V.A. , Medeiros E.A. , Gonçalves E.A.S. , Dutra R.S.
Published: March 2024

O movimento circular uniforme é um fenômeno intrigante ao senso comum de quem o estuda pela primeira vez, em decorrência da resultante de forças mantenedora do movimento estar direcionada perpendicularmente à direção do movimento em cada instante da trajetória. Neste trabalho, com a ajuda das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), destacamos como esse fato pode ser mitigado à luz da ideia proposta por Isaac Newton de discretizar o movimento circular de uma partícula em um movimento poligonal intermediado por infinitas colisões. Além da visualização das trajetórias, por meio das simulações, para ilustrar a transição entre o movimento poligonal discreto e o circular contínuo, mostramos que o comportamento da velocidade angular da partícula ao longo do polígono traz uma assinatura da referida transição.
El discurso de odio contra Dilma Rousseff desde la perspectiva semiolingüística
Authors: Meneguelli Gisella , Ferré-Pavia Carme
Published: March 2024

Resumen: El artículo muestra el análisis del discurso de odio de tipo misógino aplicado al caso de Dilma Rousseff. Se estudia el caso de la revista Veja, la más leída de Brasil, durante el mandato de la expresidenta, desde la perspectiva de la teoría semiolingüística de análisis del discurso. Se analiza el carácter de lo denotado en la adjetivación a partir de seis artículos de opinión de la revista, antes y después de la elección presidencial de 2014. La hipótesis global del texto es que el impeachment que sufrió Rousseff en 2016, si bien no fue provocado por el hecho de que ella fuera mujer, se caracterizó por una violencia política de género, dado que su representación social en los medios de comunicación sí se difundió en imágenes misóginas sobre las mujeres en Brasil. Las características de los comportamientos lingüísticos de Veja al crear imágenes sobre Rousseff caen en una propagación de odio de género, o misoginia.
Moringa leaf meal in diets of slow-growing chickens on metabolizability, performance, carcass, organ biometry and meat colorimetry
Authors: VÁSQUEZ José Virgilio Aguilar , VAZ Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira , MACHADO Shayanne Batista , RODRIGUES Kênia Ferreira , ARAÚJO Caroliny Costa , PINEDO William Celis
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Two investigations were developed. The first experiment was to determine the metabolizability of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal. 120 slow-growing, 21-day-old chickens were used. The experimental period was seven days, four for adaptation to diets and three for collection of excreta. The Moringa leaf presented values for apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude energy and neutral detergent fiber, as well as apparent metabolizable energy and corrected metabolizable energy for a nitrogen balance, of 49.77%, 44.48%, 46.26% and 53.02%, and 2,334 kcal/kg, 2,159 kcal/kg respectively. The second experiment was to evaluate the inclusion of Moringa leaf meal in the diets of two hundred and forty slow-growing chickens from one to 80 days of age on performance, carcass characteristics, biometrics of digestive organs and meat color. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (0.75%; 1.50%; 2.25% and 3.00% inclusion of the Moringa leaf), six repetitions and ten chickens per experimental unit; the inclusion levels of the Moringa leaf did not influence (p> 0.05) feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, final weight at 30, 60 and 80 days, carcass, noble cut yields and meat color. The inclusion of Moringa leaf meal can be used up to the 3% level in slow-growing chicken diets, without affecting the productive performance of these animals.
Prompt to Transfer: Sim-to-Real Transfer for Traffic Signal Control with Prompt Learning
Authors: Da Longchao , Gao Minquan , Mei Hao , Wei Hua
Published: March 2024

Numerous solutions are proposed for the Traffic Signal Control (TSC) tasks aiming to provide efficient transportation and alleviate traffic congestion. Recently, promising results have been attained by Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods through trial and error in simulators, bringing confidence in solving cities' congestion problems. However, performance gaps still exist when simulator-trained policies are deployed to the real world. This issue is mainly introduced by the system dynamic difference between the training simulators and the real-world environments. In this work, we leverage the knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand and profile the system dynamics by a prompt-based grounded action transformation to bridge the performance gap. Specifically, this paper exploits the pre-trained LLM's inference ability to understand how traffic dynamics change with weather conditions, traffic states, and road types. Being aware of the changes, the policies' action is taken and grounded based on realistic dynamics, thus helping the agent learn a more realistic policy. We conduct experiments on four different scenarios to show the effectiveness of the proposed PromptGAT's ability to mitigate the performance gap of reinforcement learning from simulation to reality (sim-to-real).
Heterogeneous Graph Reasoning for Fact Checking over Texts and Tables
Authors: Gong Haisong , Xu Weizhi , Wu Shu , Liu Qiang , Wang Liang
Published: March 2024

Fact checking aims to predict claim veracity by reasoning over multiple evidence pieces. It usually involves evidence retrieval and veracity reasoning. In this paper, we focus on the latter, reasoning over unstructured text and structured table information. Previous works have primarily relied on fine-tuning pretrained language models or training homogeneous-graph-based models. Despite their effectiveness, we argue that they fail to explore the rich semantic information underlying the evidence with different structures. To address this, we propose a novel word-level Heterogeneous-graph-based model for Fact Checking over unstructured and structured information, namely HeterFC. Our approach leverages a heterogeneous evidence graph, with words as nodes and thoughtfully designed edges representing different evidence properties. We perform information propagation via a relational graph neural network, facilitating interactions between claims and evidence. An attention-based method is utilized to integrate information, combined with a language model for generating predictions. We introduce a multitask loss function to account for potential inaccuracies in evidence retrieval. Comprehensive experiments on the large fact checking dataset FEVEROUS demonstrate the effectiveness of HeterFC. Code will be released at: https://github.com/Deno-V/HeterFC.
MASTER: Market-Guided Stock Transformer for Stock Price Forecasting
Authors: Li Tong , Liu Zhaoyang , Shen Yanyan , Wang Xue , Chen Haokun , Huang Sen
Published: March 2024

Stock price forecasting has remained an extremely challenging problem for many decades due to the high volatility of the stock market. Recent efforts have been devoted to modeling complex stock correlations toward joint stock price forecasting. Existing works share a common neural architecture that learns temporal patterns from individual stock series and then mixes up temporal representations to establish stock correlations. However, they only consider time-aligned stock correlations stemming from all the input stock features, which suffer from two limitations. First, stock correlations often occur momentarily and in a cross-time manner. Second, the feature effectiveness is dynamic with market variation, which affects both the stock sequential patterns and their correlations. To address the limitations, this paper introduces MASTER, a MArkert-guided Stock TransformER, which models the momentary and cross-time stock correlation and leverages market information for automatic feature selection. MASTER elegantly tackles the complex stock correlation by alternatively engaging in intra-stock and inter-stock information aggregation. Experiments show the superiority of MASTER compared with previous works and visualize the captured realistic stock correlation to provide valuable insights.
Joint Learning Neuronal Skeleton and Brain Circuit Topology with Permutation Invariant Encoders for Neuron Classification
Authors: Liao Minghui , Wan Guojia , Du Bo
Published: March 2024

Determining the types of neurons within a nervous system plays a significant role in the analysis of brain connectomics and the investigation of neurological diseases. However, the efficiency of utilizing anatomical, physiological, or molecular characteristics of neurons is relatively low and costly. With the advancements in electron microscopy imaging and analysis techniques for brain tissue, we are able to obtain whole-brain connectome consisting neuronal high-resolution morphology and connectivity information. However, few models are built based on such data for automated neuron classification. In this paper, we propose NeuNet, a framework that combines morphological information of neurons obtained from skeleton and topological information between neurons obtained from neural circuit. Specifically, NeuNet consists of three components, namely Skeleton Encoder, Connectome Encoder, and Readout Layer. Skeleton Encoder integrates the local information of neurons in a bottom-up manner, with a one-dimensional convolution in neural skeleton's point data; Connectome Encoder uses a graph neural network to capture the topological information of neural circuit; finally, Readout Layer fuses the above two information and outputs classification results. We reprocess and release two new datasets for neuron classification task from volume electron microscopy(VEM) images of human brain cortex and Drosophila brain. Experiments on these two datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of our model with accuracies of 0.9169 and 0.9363, respectively. Code and data are available at: https://github.com/WHUminghui/NeuNet.
Inspecting Prediction Confidence for Detecting Black-Box Backdoor Attacks
Authors: Wang Tong , Yao Yuan , Xu Feng , Xu Miao , An Shengwei , Wang Ting
Published: March 2024

Backdoor attacks have been shown to be a serious security threat against deep learning models, and various defenses have been proposed to detect whether a model is backdoored or not. However, as indicated by a recent black-box attack, existing defenses can be easily bypassed by implanting the backdoor in the frequency domain.
To this end, we propose a new defense DTInspector against black-box backdoor attacks, based on a new observation related to the prediction confidence of learning models. That is, to achieve a high attack success rate with a small amount of poisoned data, backdoor attacks usually render a model exhibiting statistically higher prediction confidences on the poisoned samples. We provide both theoretical and empirical evidence for the generality of this observation. DTInspector then carefully examines the prediction confidences of data samples, and decides the existence of backdoor using the shortcut nature of backdoor triggers. Extensive evaluations on six backdoor attacks, four datasets, and three advanced attacking types demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed defense.
Unsupervised Gene-Cell Collective Representation Learning with Optimal Transport
Authors: Yu Jixiang , Chen Nanjun , Gao Ming , Li Xiangtao , Wong Ka-Chun
Published: March 2024

Cell type identification plays a vital role in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. Although many deep embedded methods to cluster scRNA-seq data have been proposed, they still fail in elucidating the intrinsic properties of cells and genes. Here, we present a novel end-to-end deep graph clustering model for single-cell transcriptomics data based on unsupervised Gene-Cell Collective representation learning and Optimal Transport (scGCOT) which integrates both cell and gene correlations. Specifically, scGCOT learns the latent embedding of cells and genes simultaneously and reconstructs the cell graph, the gene graph, and the gene expression count matrix. A zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model is estimated via the reconstructed count matrix to capture the essential properties of scRNA-seq data. By leveraging the optimal transport-based joint representation alignment, scGCOT learns the clustering process and the latent representations through a mutually supervised self optimization strategy. Extensive experiments with 14 competing methods on 15 real scRNA-seq datasets demonstrate the competitive edges of scGCOT.
Adversarial Attacks on Federated-Learned Adaptive Bitrate Algorithms
Authors: Zhang Rui-Xiao , Huang Tianchi
Published: March 2024

Learning-based adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithms have revolutionized video streaming solutions. With the growing demand for data privacy and the rapid development of mobile devices, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a popular training method for neural ABR algorithms in both academia and industry. However, we have discovered that FL-based ABR models are vulnerable to model-poisoning attacks as local updates remain unseen during global aggregation. In response, we propose MAFL (Malicious ABR model based on Federated Learning) to prove that backdooring the learning-based ABR model via FL is practical. Instead of attacking the global policy, MAFL only targets a single ``target client''. Moreover, the unique challenges brought by deep reinforcement learning (DRL) make the attack even more challenging. To address these challenges, MAFL is designed with a two-stage attacking mechanism. Using two representative attack cases with real-world traces, we show that MAFL significantly degrades the model performance on the target client (i.e., increasing rebuffering penalty by 2x and 5x) with a minimal negative impact on benign clients.
An Empirical Study of CLIP for Text-Based Person Search
Authors: Cao Min , Bai Yang , Zeng Ziyin , Ye Mang , Zhang Min
Published: March 2024

Text-based Person Search (TBPS) aims to retrieve the person images using natural language descriptions. Recently, Contrastive Language Image Pretraining (CLIP), a universal large cross-modal vision-language pre-training model, has remarkably performed over various cross-modal downstream tasks due to its powerful cross-modal semantic learning capacity. TPBS, as a fine-grained cross-modal retrieval task, is also facing the rise of research on the CLIP-based TBPS. In order to explore the potential of the visual-language pre-training model for downstream TBPS tasks, this paper makes the first attempt to conduct a comprehensive empirical study of CLIP for TBPS and thus contribute a straightforward, incremental, yet strong TBPS-CLIP baseline to the TBPS community. We revisit critical design considerations under CLIP, including data augmentation and loss function. The model, with the aforementioned designs and practical training tricks, can attain satisfactory performance without any sophisticated modules. Also, we conduct the probing experiments of TBPS-CLIP in model generalization and model compression, demonstrating the effectiveness of TBPS-CLIP from various aspects. This work is expected to provide empirical insights and highlight future CLIP-based TBPS research.
An Efficient Knowledge Transfer Strategy for Spiking Neural Networks from Static to Event Domain
Authors: He Xiang , Zhao Dongcheng , Li Yang , Shen Guobin , Kong Qingqun , Zeng Yi
Published: March 2024

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are rich in spatio-temporal dynamics and are suitable for processing event-based neuromorphic data. However, event-based datasets are usually less annotated than static datasets. This small data scale makes SNNs prone to overfitting and limits their performance. In order to improve the generalization ability of SNNs on event-based datasets, we use static images to assist SNN training on event data. In this paper, we first discuss the domain mismatch problem encountered when directly transferring networks trained on static datasets to event data. We argue that the inconsistency of feature distributions becomes a major factor hindering the effective transfer of knowledge from static images to event data. To address this problem, we propose solutions in terms of two aspects: feature distribution and training strategy. Firstly, we propose a knowledge transfer loss, which consists of domain alignment loss and spatio-temporal regularization. The domain alignment loss learns domain-invariant spatial features by reducing the marginal distribution distance between the static image and the event data. Spatio-temporal regularization provides dynamically learnable coefficients for domain alignment loss by using the output features of the event data at each time step as a regularization term. In addition, we propose a sliding training strategy, which gradually replaces static image inputs probabilistically with event data, resulting in a smoother and more stable training for the network. We validate our method on neuromorphic datasets, including N-Caltech101, CEP-DVS, and N-Omniglot. The experimental results show that our proposed method achieves better performance on all datasets compared to the current state-of-the-art methods.
Code is available at https://github.com/Brain-Cog-Lab/Transfer-for-DVS.
Hidden Follower Detection: How Is the Gaze-Spacing Pattern Embodied in Frequency Domain?
Authors: Li Shu , Hu Ruimin , Li Suhui , Liao Liang
Published: March 2024

Spatiotemporal social behavior analysis is a technique that studies the social behavior patterns of objects and estimates their risks based on their trajectories. In social public scenarios such as train stations, hidden following behavior has become one of the most challenging issues due to its probability of evolving into violent events, which is more than 25%. In recent years, research on hidden following detection (HFD) has focused on differences in time series between hidden followers and normal pedestrians under two temporal characteristics: gaze and spatial distance. However, the time-domain representation for time series is irreversible and usually causes the loss of critical information. In this paper, we deeply study the expression efficiency of time/frequency domain features of time series, by exploring the recovery mechanism of features to source time series, we establish a fidelity estimation method for feature expression and a selection model for frequency-domain features based on the signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR). Experimental results demonstrate the feature fidelity of time series and HFD performance are positively correlated, and the fidelity of frequency-domain features and HFD performance are significantly better than the time-domain features. On both real and simulated datasets, the accuracy of the proposed method is increased by 3%, and the gaze-only module is improved by 10%. Related research has explored new methods for optimal feature selection based on fidelity, new patterns for efficient feature expression of hidden following behavior, and the mechanism of multimodal collaborative identification.
Multi-Energy Guided Image Translation with Stochastic Differential Equations for Near-Infrared Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Luo Bingjun , Wang Zewen , Wang Jinpeng , Zhu Junjie , Zhao Xibin , Gao Yue
Published: March 2024

Illumination variation has been a long-term challenge in real-world facial expression recognition (FER). Under uncontrolled or non-visible light conditions, near-infrared (NIR) can provide a simple and alternative solution to obtain high-quality images and supplement the geometric and texture details that are missing in the visible (VIS) domain. Due to the lack of large-scale NIR facial expression datasets, directly extending VIS FER methods to the NIR spectrum may be ineffective. Additionally, previous heterogeneous image synthesis methods are restricted by low controllability without prior task knowledge. To tackle these issues, we present the first approach, called for NIR-FER Stochastic Differential Equations (NFER-SDE), that transforms face expression appearance between heterogeneous modalities to the overfitting problem on small-scale NIR data. NFER-SDE can take the whole VIS source image as input and, together with domain-specific knowledge, guide the preservation of modality-invariant information in the high-frequency content of the image. Extensive experiments and ablation studies show that NFER-SDE significantly improves the performance of NIR FER and achieves state-of-the-art results on the only two available NIR FER datasets, Oulu-CASIA and Large-HFE.