bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making Public Memory
Authors: Belaustegi Unai , Irujo Xabier
Published: May 2022

This case study discusses how Basque public memory of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) and the subsequent dictatorship (1939–75) is built in part by public history associations. The authors have analyzed seventy-five associations and have drawn two conclusions. First, despite criticisms directed at their methodology, the work of investigation and dissemination carried out by these associations has been essential for society to learn about these events from the past. Second, the appearance of public history associations coincides with the internet boom and a period known in Spain as the “resurgence of memory.”
Cybernetic suit for interaction with virtual reality
Authors: Ruvinskaya Victoria M. , Troynina Anastasiya S. , Zybin Dmytro V.
Published: May 2022

The study in the field of the structure of the processing architecture of a cybernetic suit for working with virtual reality was conducted. Nowadays it is relevant to use such a systems to implement various scenarios of rehabilitationfor people, as well as to conduct possible training sessions for operators of mechanized devices and so on. The goal is to achieve the highest possibleaccura-cy in repetition of the operator's movements, i.e. motion capture, at the lowest financial cost. The initial variant ofthe suit was creat-ed on the basis of Arduino and Unity 3D for visualization. 3D human model based on quaternion is built in Unity 3D which repeats all the real person twists and turns. But the first architecture had problems with performance and accuracy.A series of experiments was carried out to improve the effectiveness of the cybernetic suit prototypes. Thanks to the introduction of the proposed new type of architecture, namely the “controller-sensor”, it ispossible to completely get rid of the inaccuracy of the received data from the sen-sors. Also it allows removing the unauthorized change in the position of the body parts of the 3D model and increasingthe overall resistance and noise immunity of the product. Softwarebased on the algorithm for processing data from gyroscope and accelerometer sensors is presented, and the possibility of upgrading the design of the hardware part of the suit, aimed at optimizing the output char-acteristics, is described. To achieve the goal the most stable and noise-resistant transmission of primary data from cybernetic suit to a 3D model with the minimum possible number of errors in the data transmission buses was obtained. As a result, the modernization of the cybernetic suit for interaction with virtual reality has increased the accuracy of data from 66 % to 94.5 % and reduced the amount of interference from 40.59 % to 5.5 %.
Improvement of design of heat networks:parallel-series connection
Authors: Derevyanko Georgy V. , Mescheryakov Vladimir I.
Published: May 2022

An analytical model of the system has been developed, consisting of a parallel-series connection of thermal devices. On the basis of graph theory, a system of equations of communication between the graphical representation of the system and the table of integers, which are the numbers of nodes and branches, is presented. Mathematical formalization made it possible to create a data representation that describes the distribution of temperatures in the nodes of the system and flows on its branches and reduce the volume of the problem based on expert estimates corresponding to the second law of thermodynamics.The chains and routes of heat distribution in the network of heat exchangers, including input and output elements, distribution and mixing units, are considered. The presented data structure provides an opportunity to programmatically build a system of energy balance equations for the system. The system of equations is supplemented by the hypothesis of the proportionality of the change in the measure of energy in the element to the potential applied to them.As a result, a system of equations is obtained, which forms a complete problem written in matrix form. In the design problem, after determining the requirements for the system, in the mathematical sense, the problem arises of determining the elements of the matrix by the value of the determinant. The requirement of equilibrium in the nodes of mixing flows, together with the conservation law, allows us to formulate a complete system of equationsthat determines the distribution of flows on the branches of networks.The principle of minimum uncertainty allows us to identify a group of roots that has maximum efficiency when the principle of equilibrium is fulfilled for the elements of the system. An example is presented that implements the exact scheme for solving the design problem for a given ratio of flows at the input to the system and the requirement for itsefficiency.
Conservative Therapy of Pressure Ulcers Using Physical Methods (Review)
Authors: Osmanov E. G. , Shulutko А. M. , Yakovlev A. A. , Krylov A. Y. , Yakovleva A. V. , Altuкhov E. L. , Gandybina E. G. , Martynov I. A.
Published: May 2022

In Russia and European countries, the incidence of pressure (decubitus) ulcers in sedentary patients with severe comorbidities, spinal trauma, and cerebral accident sequelae varies from 3 to 40 %, reaching 80 % in the chronic critical illness. The final result of conservative treatment of pressure ulcers (PU) with adequate correction of comorbidities and proper care of the immobilized patient depends largely on the choice of local interventions.

   Aim of the review: to demonstrate the range of effective methods of physical treatment of pressure ulcers suitable for conservative treatment.   Materials and methods. We selected and analyzed 80 scientific publications. Sources were selected from the PubMed, Scopus, and RSCI databases of medical and biological publications. The following methods were covered: negative pressure wound therapy, ultrasonic methods, hydrosurgical treatment, plasma flows, laser therapy (including low-level laser therapy), «hardware» acceleration of regenerative processes, including electrical stimulation, as well as a combination of these methods.   Results. The variety of physical methods of wound treatment, on the one hand, provides an opportunity to select an individual therapy program. On the other hand, each method has its own limitations and contraindications. That is why in practice various combinations of these methods are reasonable.   Conclusion. For several objective reasons, no reduction of PU incidence in clinical practice is expected. Therefore, studying the issues of evidence-based clinical effectiveness and economic feasibility of various conservative techniques of decubitus treatment to find best solutions in this area is warranted.
Uplifting the Perspectives and Preferences of the Families of English Learners in Los Angeles Unified School District and Charter Schools: Findings from a Representative Poll
Authors: Estrada-Miller Jeimee , Wolf Leni , Armas Elvira , Lavadenz Magaly
Published: May 2022

This research and policy brief uplifts findings from a 2021 poll of 129 LAUSD and affiliate charter school English Learner families. The poll covers a broad range of topics including families’ pandemic experiences in and outside of school, communication with schools, levels of engagement and representation in school-based decisions, and expectations of schools for the future. Findings indicate that: (1) a majority of EL families are engaged and report that they attend school activities; (2) EL families report feeling heard at their school sites and would like more personalized communication like home visits and calls; (3) EL families want more information about their child’s academic and English language development; and (4) EL Families want schools to rethink how they educate students, including more one-on-one academic support and wrap-around services. Based on these findings, the authors make both short- and long-term recommendations for policy and practice. This brief is intended to be used as a supplement to the full report—a joint effort by Great Public Schools Now, Loyola Marymount University’s Center for Equity for English Learners, and Families in Schools which captures perspectives of 500 English learner and non-English learner families.
Experimental Study of Action Different Kinetic Energy on the Colon
Authors: Kvasnevskyi Yevhen , Kashtalian Michailo , Gerasimenko Oleh , Kvasnevskyi Oleksandr
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study. To increase the effectiveness of surgical care for the wounded with combat trauma of the colon by studying of ballistic, morphological and functional features of the gunshot wounds. Patients and methods. A study of surgical treatment of 83 wounded with combat injuries of the colon, received in the area of anti-terrorist operation in the period from 2014–2018. For comparative analysis of treatment results, two clinical groups were formed: comparison and main. The comparison group included 42 wounded who were treated from April 2014 to February 2015 (the first and second periods of ATO), who used traditional surgical tactics. The main group included 41 wounded who were treated from March 2015 to 2018. Results. Analysis of the distribution of wounded with combat trauma by type of wound / injury revealed that the vast majority of them in both groups had shrapnel wounds – 49 (59.1%). There were 30 (36.1%) victims with bullet wounds, and 4 (4.8%) with closed injuries. The wounded patients with the battle trauma of the thick bowel by type of injury had missile wounds as a rule – 49 (59.1%). There were 30 (36.1%) patients with bullet wounds, and 4 (4.8%) with closed injuries. Most of the injuries were combined – 58 (69.9%), and with only abdominal injuries – 25 (30.1%), mostly multiple – 21 (25.3%). The great majority of the thick bowel injuries belonged to sigmoid – 32 (38.6%) and transverse colon – 21 (25.3%), which is explained by relatively large size of these parts of the intestine. Conclusions. The choice of surgical tactics and scope of surgical interventions on damaged organs and structures took into account the results of experimental study of mechanogenesis and pathomorphology of gunshot wounds of the colon, obtained in bench studies by modeling gunshot wounds on “thoracoabdominal ballistic material”.
A new mathematical operator
Authors: Cuevas-Sosa Alejandro
Published: May 2022

In mathematics the basic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and a mathematical operator is a symbol that is used to indicate what operation is to be realized, for example, +, −, ×, ¸, and so on. In this article, I present the procedure by which it is possible to reduce any natural number -even or odd, with or without decimals-, to one of the first four odd numbers: 1, 3, 5, or 7. I suggest the symbol >n< for this reduction operator.
Building a Life Course Intervention Research Framework
Authors: Russ Shirley A. , Hotez Emily , Berghaus Mary , Hoover Clarissa , Verbiest Sarah , Schor Edward L. , Halfon Neal
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES

To report on first steps toward building a Life Course Intervention Research Framework (LCIRF) to guide researchers studying interventions to improve lifelong health.

METHODS

The Life Course Intervention Research Network, a collaborative national network of >75 researchers, service providers, community representatives and thought leaders, participated in an iterative review process. Building on the revised Medical Research Council Guidance for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions, they identified 12 additional key models with features for inclusion in the LCIRF, then incorporated the 12 characteristics identified by the Life Course Intervention Research Network as actionable features of Life Course Interventions to produce the new LCIRF.

RESULTS

The LCIRF sets out a detailed step-wise approach to intervention development: (1) conceptualization and planning, (2) design, (3) implementation, (4) evaluation, and (5) spreading and scaling of interventions. Each step is infused with life course intervention characteristics including a focus on (1) collaborative codesign (2) health optimization, (3) supporting emerging health development capabilities (4) strategic timing, (5) multilevel approaches, and (6) health equity. Key features include a detailed transdisciplinary knowledge synthesis to inform intervention development; formation of strong partnerships with family, community, and youth representatives in intervention codesign; a means of testing the impact of each intervention on biobehavioral processes underlying emerging health trajectories; and close attention to intervention context.

CONCLUSIONS

This first iteration of the LCIRF has been largely expert driven. Next steps will involve widespread partner engagement in framework refinement and further development. Implementation will require changes to the way intervention studies are organized and funded.
Family Health Development: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Feinberg Mark , Hotez Emily , Roy Kevin , Ledford Christy J.W. , Lewin Amy B. , Perez-Brena Norma , Childress Saltanat , Berge Jerica M.
Published: May 2022

In recognition of the family as central to health, the concept of family, rather than individual, health has been an important area of research and, increasingly, clinical practice. There is a need to leverage existing theories of family health to align with our evolving understanding of Life Course Health Development, including the opportunities and constraints of the family context for promoting lifelong individual and population health. The purpose of this article is to propose an integrative model of family health development within a Life Course Health Development lens to facilitate conceptualization, research, and clinical practice. This model provides an organizing heuristic model for understanding the dynamic interactions between family structures, processes, cognitions, and behaviors across development. Potential applications of this model are discussed.
Interventions for Neglected Tropical Diseases Among Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Naqvi Fatima Abbas , Das Jai K. , Salam Rehana A. , Raza Syeda Fatima , Lassi Zohra S. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases affecting the poorest populations around the world.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the effectiveness of interventions, including mass drug administration (MDA), water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), vector control, health education, and micronutrients supplementation, for NTDs among children and adolescents.

METHODS

We conducted a literature search on the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, and other databases until December 2020. We included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies conducted among children and adolescents. Two authors independently screened studies for relevance. Two authors independently extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, performed metaanalysis, and rated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

RESULTS

We included 155 studies (231 articles) involving 262 299 participants. For soil-transmitted helminthiasis, MDA may reduce the prevalence of Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm by 58%, 36%, and 57%, respectively. We are uncertain of the effect of health education, WASH, and iron supplementation on soil-transmitted helminthiasis prevalence. For Schistosomiasis, health education probably reduces the intensity and prevalence of S. mansoni, whereas micronutrient supplementation may reduce anemia prevalence and the infection intensity of S. hematobium compared with no supplementation. We are uncertain of the effect of MDA and vector control on Schistosomiasis outcomes. For trachoma, health education probably reduces the prevalence of active Trachoma, whereas we are uncertain of the effect of MDA, WASH, and vector control on Trachoma outcomes. There is limited data on the effectiveness of interventions for NTDs targeting children and adolescents.

CONCLUSION

Future studies are needed to evaluate the relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of various interventions specifically targeting children and adolescents.
Delivery Strategies Supporting School-Age Child Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Naeha , Asaf Ayesha , Vaivada Tyler , Bhutta Zulfiqar A
Published: May 2022

CONTEXT

School-aged children (SAC; 5–9 years) remain understudied in global efforts to examine intervention effectiveness and scale up evidence-based interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This review summarizes the available evidence describing the effectiveness of key strategies to deliver school-age interventions.

DATA SOURCES

We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Campbell Collaboration, and The Cochrane Library during November 2020.

STUDY SELECTION

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that: target SAC, examine effective delivery of well-established interventions, focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), were published after 2010, and focus on generalizable, rather than special, populations.

DATA EXTRACTION

Two reviewers conducted title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, and quality assessments.

RESULTS

Sixty reviews met the selection criteria, with 35 containing evidence from LMICs. The outcomes assessed and the reported effectiveness of interventions varied within and across delivery strategies. Overall, community, school, and financial strategies improved several child health outcomes. The greatest evidence was found for the use of community-based interventions to improve infectious disease outcomes, such as malaria control and prevention. School-based interventions improved child development and infectious disease-related outcomes. Financial strategies improved school enrollment, food security, and dietary diversity.

LIMITATIONS

Relatively few LMIC studies examined facility, digital, and self-management strategies. Additionally, we found considerable heterogeneity within and across delivery strategies and review authors reported methodological limitations within the studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite limited research, available information suggests community-based strategies can be effective for the introduction of a range of interventions to support healthy growth and development in SAC. These also have the potential to reduce disparities and reach at-risk and marginalized populations.
WAGES AND MECHANISM OF ITS PAYMENTS IN UKRAINE AND CANADA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Bondar O. S.
Published: May 2022

The article examines and compares the concept and size of wages in Ukraine and Canada. In the course of the research the definition of the term’s “salary” and “wage” according to the labor legislation of Ukraine and Canada was considered. The analysis and comparison of the definition of the concept of wages contained in the regulations governing labor relations in Ukraine and Canada. The author's own vision of the definition of "salary" is given. It is proved that wages and remuneration are essentially different concepts between which it is inappropriate to equate, because wages should be paid to the employee for the work performed by him, that is, in essence, it should be compensatory, and remuneration is just an incentive or compensatory nature, for example, the reward should be considered gratitude for conscientious work or outstanding achievements in professional activities, etc. It is concluded that at the constitutional level the right of a person to remuneration and related opportunities are more specifically and in detail specified in the Constitution of Ukraine in comparison with the Constitution of Canada where it is reduced to a minimum. An analysis of the level of wages in Ukraine and Canada, based on the size of wages, different professions and areas of activity. It is concluded that wages play an important role between the subjects of labor relations in both Ukraine and Canada. It is noted that there is a huge gap between the salaries of workers in Ukraine and Canada. Attention is paid to the comparison of the minimum wage in Ukraine and Canada. It is noted that it is positive to borrow from the experience of Canada forms of remuneration, this would eliminate the shortcoming of the current The Labor Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On Remuneration of Labor" in terms of consolidating forms of remuneration. The approach to the procedure for payment of wages at the state level in Ukraine and Canada is analyzed, it is concluded that the content of the rules governing the mechanism of payment of wages in Canada are similar to those contained in the Labor Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On Remuneration of Labor", But there are some differences that are positive in nature and bring some flexibility in the regulation of labor relations regarding the legal regulation of wages, which can be borrowed and used in the labor legislation of Ukraine.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY OF CIVIL SERVANTS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Voitiuk L. M.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the scientific study of social security of civil servants as employees with special legal status. The relevance, novelty of scientific research and its social significance are proved. The legislative consolidation of social security of work, in the context of the concepts of «social security» and «social protection» is given. Theoretical and methodological bases of formation and maintenance of social safety of work are considered. Social security of work is presented as an important factor in improving the legal status of civil servants. The state of protection from certain threats and dangers in relation to social rights is considered. The right to a decent level of social security of labor is analyzed. The formation of the concept of «social security» is considered and scientific views are given, which help to define the definition of the concept of «social security of civil servants». A systematic scientific approach to the analysis of social safety at work is presented. The role of the state as the main subject of guaranteeing social security of civil servants is considered. Social guarantees are defined as the main lever of social security at work. Consolidation of norms of social safety of work in normative-legal acts of the general or local levels is resulted. Elements of social security are considered: social protection and social security. Views on the concept of «social security», «social protection» are analyzed. The difference between these categories of concepts is explained. The need to guarantee and maintain a decent level of occupational safety of a special category of workers has been proved. Ways to increase the level of its provision and ways of their implementation are offered. The need for further research and improvement of the legal framework for social security of civil servants, which will maximize the protection of civil servants in the social space in the performance of official duties and tasks.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM IN UKRAINE
Authors: Tretiak A. V.
Published: May 2022

Issues related to the generation and disposal of household waste are becoming increasingly important in our country and in other countries, because waste is one of the main threats that exacerbates global warming trends. The article focuses on the established decentralization course in Ukraine and the legislative consolidation of problematic issues of waste management at the local level, in particular, considers the Draft Law “On Waste Management” from 04.06.2020 № 2207-1-d. It is emphasized that the existence of an extensive system of regulations and legislation that establish the role of local authorities in waste management at the local level, although they contain a number of important provisions, and do not fully meet the needs of local communities, which is manifested in excessive accumulation of household waste and an unsatisfactory percentage of their processing. Using such general scientific research methods as: description, comparison, analysis, induction and others, the article compares the provisions of the Draft Law with the norms set forth in the Law of Ukraine “On Waste” and draws a clear conclusion that the provisions of the Project are more in line with modern realities. The main advantages of the Draft Law are the provision of a hierarchy of waste management, a municipal waste management system and the establishment of the obligation of direct participation of executive bodies of local councils in the implementation of state policy on waste management. In particular, іn the context of Ukraine’s obligation under the Association Agreement with the EU to harmonize national legislation in the field of waste management with EU law in this area, a number of arguments are given, according to which the Draft Law “On Waste Management” of 04.06.2020 № 2207-1-d is more in line with existing decentralization trends in Ukraine than the current Law of Ukraine “On Waste” of March 5, 1998 № 187/98-VR.
THE NATURE OF THE MODERNIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN THE ANGLO-SAXON LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors: Halaburda N. A.
Published: May 2022

The main goal of the study is to determine the nature and features of the Anglo-Saxon legal system, the nature of the impact of common law principles, to clarify the legal status of UK tribunals, and highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of administrative tribunals compared to general courts. Unlike continental legal systems, Anglo-Saxon law emphasizes the procedural, pragmatic side of its operation. In the studied legal system there are several positions on the understanding of the concept of “administrative justice”: first, it is the existing procedure for appealing against decisions and actions of public administration and officials in court, i. e. a special type of judicial activity; secondly, it is the activity of tribunals as quasi-judicial bodies. In addition, many countries belonging to the Anglo-Saxon legal family have the principle of mandatory prior (pretrial) recourse to administrative justice disputes. Only after consideration of the pre-trial appeal by the authorized quasijudicial bodies is it possible to open the procedure in the general court. The Anglo-Saxon system of administrative justice is based on the doctrine of equality of all officials before the courts and the prevention of the removal of officials from the jurisdiction of the same courts that other citizens deal with. An analysis of the administrative justice of Great Britain (Anglo-Saxon version) allows us to conclude that it operates at the junction of the executive and judicial branches of government. Administrative justice is linked to the executive branch by the fact that its bodies are in close cooperation with the active administration. Instead, it is brought closer to the judiciary by the fact that courts of general jurisdiction act as an appellate instance against decisions of administrative tribunals. The activities of these bodies are departmental in nature and, unlike the continental model of administrative justice, do not carry the principle of universal jurisdiction.
THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF RIGHT REGULATION OF THE INSTITUTE REGISTRATION OF REAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON THE UKRAINE’S LAND TILL TO FIRST PART XVII CENTURY
Authors: Tomchuk H. O.
Published: May 2022

This article goes out to historical analysis of obtaining real property right and developing legal regulation of registration real property right from the time of Kyiv Rus till to middle of XVIII century on modern Ukraine’s territory. The mentioned historical legal analysis contains a chronological order of legal evolution of real property rights from its foundation by the legislation of Kyiv Rus, developing during the time of Galicia-Lithuanian domain, improving Rzeczpospolita by its lawyers, and implementing the communal forms of ownership of real estate during Cossacks. The author analyzed the historical way of develops of legal regulation of real property rights on Ukraine’s land by comparison of historic legal, systematic structural, and logical legal methods. Depending on the government’s system and political situation, it was changed social relationships above objects of real properties. The classification of the objects to movable and real property was pursued gradually, with the term “ownership” was disconnected from the term “possession”, it appeared an emergency of the modern conception of the composition of the property rights (the possession and the using). It is creating the concept of registration of real property rights, as the mechanism of recognition and confirmation of the fact of changing the property rights which remotely identify the mechanism such registration. Therefore, with help from this scientific research was established that the term “property rights” and its composition were formed during a long period of time and influence by a lot of factors. Depending on the government’s system the conception of registration of real property rights many times changed with a way of obtaining such rights. And if on the beginning the nidification of the property rights or changing this property rights regulated by customary law, then beginning from the acceptance the Statutes of Lithuania such regulation was made by written laws (laws).
THE MAIN STAGES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Voloshchuk O. T. , Yurchyshyn V. M.
Published: May 2022

The main stages of the formation and development of the institution of criminal liability of the individual in international law are studied in the article, features and characteristic features of each of the studied stages are clarified, as well as various doctrinal approaches to the recognition or non-recognition of the individual, the subject of international law analyzed, and consequently, the subject of international crime within the framework of the International criminal law. It has been shown that the primary responsibility for persecuting individuals lies with the state. However, individuals are prosecuted in accordance with international criminal law. The expansion of this practice is a manifestation of the further formation and implementation of the principle of punishing individuals for committing international crimes recognized by the world community as international crimes. The institute of international criminal responsibility of individuals for committing international crimes is a significant deterrent to modern international law to prevent violations of its most important norms. The statutes of the tribunals oblige states to provide assistance, including search and identification, obtaining evidence and finding evidence, arresting and detaining, and transferring the accused to the tribunal. All this requires the introduction of appropriate provisions in the criminal and criminal procedural law of states. It is concluded that the formation and development of the institution of individual criminal responsibility in international law has come a long way from complete non-recognition and denial to the emergence of a permanent judicial institution to which international crimes fall and individuals are recognized as perpetrators. An individual becomes a subject of international law and will be held accountable if he or she commits international crimes. It is confirmed that the principle of inevitability of criminal punishment has the ability to be implemented in any case. which is a progressive phenomenon of modern reality.
Reflexões sobre a Educação para a Cidadania Global na formação dos estudantes universitários
Authors: Machado Karen Graziela Weber , Kampff Adriana Justin Cerveira , Rodenbusch Camila de Barros
Published: May 2022

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção dos docentes da educação superior sobre a Educação para a Cidadania Global no processo de formação dos estudantes. Esta pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo qualitativo, de caráter descritivo e com abordagem de estudo de caso. Para a realização da coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário online, e os dados foram analisados conforme princípios da análise de conteúdo. Através das percepções dos docentes, foi possível identificar que eles têm o entendimento sobre os princípios da Educação para a Cidadania Global, assim como estão preocupados com a formação de cidadãos comprometidos com a tolerância e a compreensão, visando a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e solidária. Sendo assim, a Educação Superior pode promover uma educação capaz de preparar os estudantes para os desafios do contexto local e global em que estão inseridos, através de práticas pedagógicas inovadoras, que visem à formação do estudante de maneira holística.
MYC integrates FSH signalling networks in cumulus cells during bovine oocyte maturation
Authors: Cantanhêde Ludymila F. , Moura Marcelo T. , Oliveira-Silva Roberta L. , Nascimento Pábola S. , Ferreira-Silva José C. , Benko-Iseppon Ana M. , Oliveira Marcos A. L.
Published: May 2022

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) contributes to the acquisition of oocyte competence by modulating signalling pathways in cumulus cells (CCs), albeit much less is known about transcription factors (TFs) that orchestrate the downstream transcriptional changes. This work allowed to prospect TFs involved in FSH-mediated signalling during oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM). Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes underwent IVM with FSH (FSH+) or without FSH (control/CTL) for 22 h, and CCs were subjected to gene expression profiling. Five software identified reference genes for RT-qPCR (ATP1A1, UBB, and YWHAZ). The transcript levels of FSH-responsive genes HAS2 and PTGS2 (COX2) validated the experimental design. Among candidate TFs, MYC was down-regulated (0.35-fold; P < 0.0001), and THAP11 (RONIN) was up-regulated (1.47-fold; P = 0.016) under FSH+ conditions. In silico analyses predicted binding motifs at MYC and THAP11 genes for previously known FSH-responsive TFs. Signalling pathways (EGFR, ERK, GSK3, PKA, and P38) may execute post-translational regulation due to potential phosphorylation sites in MYC and THAP11 proteins. Prediction of protein–protein interaction networks showed MYC as a core component of FSH signalling, albeit THAP11 acts independently. Hence, MYC integrates FSH signalling networks and may assist in exploring genome-wide transcriptional changes associated with the acquisition of oocyte competence.
Differences in problem and pathological gambling: A narrative review considering sex and gender
Authors: Gartner Corinna , Bickl Andreas , Härtl Sabine , Loy Johanna K. , Häffner Laura
Published: May 2022

Background and aim

A wide range of studies indicates that men and women with Problem (PrG) and Pathological Gambling (PG) differ in several clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. However, evidence for sex differences, such as the telescoping effect, is contradictory, and it is still unclear whether sex differences observed in offline gambling can also be found for online gambling. Furthermore, reviews have so far focused on binary sex differences but neglect gender aspects. In this study, an updated literature survey of sex- and gender-related differences in PrG and PG was conducted.

Methods

We searched PsyInfo, Medline/Pubmed, and the Web of Science databases from 2005 to 2020 for studies investigating sex and gender differences in gambling. A total of 126 papers were included in the literature survey.

Results

We are presenting our findings according to the categories ‘prevalence’ (offline, online, LGBTQI*), ‘sociodemographic factors’, ‘preferred gambling type’, ‘gambling motives’, ‘severity’, ‘progression of gambling problems’, ‘use of professional help/motivation for treatment’, ‘comorbidity’, ‘trauma’, ‘violence and criminality/delinquency’. The studies indicate that, despite some robust sex differences (e.g., concerning prevalence rates), results for most areas were mixed or suggest no sex differences (e.g., violence, gambling motives).

Discussion and conclusion

To date, there is a lack of studies assessing gender, and not only sex, warranting further research in this area.
Allergy clinic patients’ drug hypersensitivity
Authors: Frachowicz-Guerreiro Karolina , Wardzyńska Aleksandra , Kowalski Marek L.
Published: May 2022

Background: Drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) is a common reason for an allergology consultation, during which it is not only necessary to gather a thorough medical history, but also to propose and perform diagnostic tests.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the patients with a profile of preliminary drug hypersensitivity diagnosis, the usefulness of NSAID hypersensitivity classification in outpatient practice, and to analyze the results of skin, provocation, and drug tolerance tests performed in Immunology and Allergy Clinic patients.
Methods: Around 501 medical records of patients referred to the academic allergy outpatient clinic from 2011 to 2019, and had a preliminary drug hypersensitivity diagnosis were analyzed. The diagnostic and drug tolerance tests results carried out in 269 patients of the Clinic from 2009 to 2019 were then evaluated.
Results: Among the patients referred due to suspected drug hypersensitivity, the majority (n=338, 67.5%) were believed to be hypersensitive to NSAIDs and antibiotics (n=272, 54.3%). In patients with hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, the mixed pattern was the most prevalent (n=73, 21.6%), followed by NECD (n=64, 18.9%) and NIUA (n=55, 16.3%). The second most common drug causing DHR were the antibiotics, mainly β-lactams (n=160, 58.8%), followed by macrolides (n=35, 12.9%). In hypersensitivity caused due to β-lactams, the delayed form was predominant (n=24, 15%) with manifested skin symptoms (n=74, 46.3%). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n=21, 42.9%), followed by antibiotics (n=11, 22.5%) were the commonest causes of anaphylaxis, as reported by 49 patients.
Conclusion: The study shows that a majority of patients with suspected drug hypersensitivity can be classified under the hypersensitivity umbrella based on their medical history, which is the basis for further diagnostic process.
Mechanism of Rhizoma Coptidis in epilepsy with network pharmacology
Authors: Huang Dan , Lv Yan , Lu Chuansen , Zhang Bo , Fu Zongjun , Huang Yingliu
Published: May 2022

Network pharmacology is a bioinformatics-based research strategy aimed at identifying drug actions and facilitating drug discovery. In this study, network pharmacology was used for exploring the anti-epileptic multi-target mechanism of Rhizoma Coptidis. The possible protein targets of Rhizoma Coptidis were predicted by constructing the pathway and network of drug targets. Then, the interaction of the main active components of Rhizoma Coptidis and predicted candidate targets were verified using molecular docking technology. Finally, nine active compounds were selected from Rhizoma Coptidis. A total of 68 targets associated with Rhizoma Coptidis treating epilepsy. The key targets were AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, and TP53. According to GO functional enrichment analysis, 289 items of biological process, 33 items of cellular component, and 55 items of molecular function were obtained. A total of 89 signaling pathways were identified through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis (P < 0.05), and HIF-1, TNF, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways were mainly related to epilepsy. Molecular docking showed quercetin and (R)-canadine combined well with the key targets. The active ingredient in Rhizoma Coptidis can regulate various signaling pathways, and have therapeutic effects on epilepsy.
Survey of immunopharmacological effects of botulinum toxin in cell signaling of bronchial smooth muscle cells in allergic asthma
Authors: Cheng Chao , Mehrabi Nasab Entezar , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
Published: May 2022

Background: Asthma is a lung disease that has influenced more than 350 million people worldwide. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) spasm leads to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and bronchial obstruction, which are clinical manifestations of an asthma attack. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a bacteria toxin that acts as muscle relaxant and may have therapeutic effects on AHR and asthma.
Objective: In this study, the effect of BTX on AHR and related gene expressions was evaluated.
Material and Methods: An asthma mice model was developed which was treated with BTX in two ways: intranasally (IN) and via nebulization (N) (0.01, 0.1, and 1 U/mL and 10 U/mL, respectively) on days 25, 27 and 29. AHR was evaluated on days 24, 26, 28, and 30, and gene expressions were evaluated for TrkA, TrkB, M1–M5, α7nAChR, TNF-α, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) proteins. For histopathology of the lungs, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, production of mucus, and goblet cell hyperplasia were studied.
Results: On day 24, treatment with BTX (for all doses) had no significant effect on AHR, but on days 26 and 28, AHR was decreased and this continued up to day 30 for all treated groups. Treatment with BTX had no significant effect on the gene expressions of TrkA, TrkB, M1–M5, α7nAChR, TNF-α, and ERK2 proteins, perivascular inflammation, peribronchial inflammation, hyperplasia of the goblet cell and production of mucus. Besides, mice administered with 10 mg/mL BTX perished. The BTX therapy controlled asthma attacks by decreasing AHR and relaxation of ASMs.
Conclusion: However, BTX had no significant effect on airway inflammation and production of mucus. While using BTX, it is necessary to prescribe safe doses in order to prevent adverse reactions.
The comparative effect of Leukotriene receptor antagonist add on therapy and step up inhaled Corticosteroid in partially controlled asthma: An open-labeled randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ruenwilai Parinya , Theerakittikul Theerakorn , Chaiwong Warawut , Phetsuk Nittaya , Pothirat Chaicharn , Liwsrisakun Chalerm
Published: May 2022

Background: No studies are comparing the impact of the add-on leukotriene-receptor antagonist (LTRA) with a step-up dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in partly controlled asthma patients with asthma control test (ACT) score ˂ 23.
Objective: To study the effect of LTRA add-on therapy in comparison to a step-up to medium dose of ICS in partially controlled asthma.
Methods: An open-labeled randomized controlled trial was conducted in asthma subjects with partly controlled asthma who had been in regular receipt of low dose ICS. All subjects were assessed for asthma using ACT, daytime and nighttime symptoms, rate of relievers used, spirometry, and impulse oscillometry (IOS) at 3 and 6 months. Subjects were randomized to receive daily oral LTRA 10 mg or step-up medium dose of ICS.
Results: Between June 2020 and January 2021, 50 participants were enrolled, all patients completing the study. After treatment, mean ACT scores were increased to more than 23 indicating well-controlled asthma in both groups, control being sustained throughout the whole 6-month study period (P ˂ 0.001). Within each group, ACT scores were improved by a minimal clinical important difference (MCID) ≥ 3 points at 6 months, compared to baseline values. There were significant decreases in nighttime and daytime symptoms, and the numbers of rescue relievers used in 4 weeks in both groups compared to baseline (P ˂ 0.001).
Conclusions: LTRA add-on therapy in partially controlled asthma patients is comparable with step-up to medium dose of ICS/LABA as regards asthma control.
Konzept zur Verbesserung des Relevanzrankings und der Rechercheeinstiege im Discovery-System der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
Authors:   , Schünemann Ulrike
Published: May 2022

Um Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung des Relevanzrankings im SLUB-Katalog aufzuzeigen, werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit die aktuellen Konfigurationen der Suche im SLUB-Katalog analysiert. Zur Ermittlung geeigneter Indexfelder für die Suche werden insbesondere die verwendeten Feldtypen und die Belegungshäufigkeit in den angesprochenen Solr-Cores untersucht. Darauf aufbauend werden Vorschläge zu Änderungen der Konfigurationen der Standardsuche „Alles“ des SLUB-Katalogs und spezialisierten Sucheinstiege gemacht. Durch die prototypische Entwicklung einer Webapplikation, mit welcher sich Konfigurationen der Rankingberechnung zur Suchanfragezeit anpassen lassen, können die Auswirkungen multipler Faktoren, wie z.B. Auswahl der Indexfelder und Boost-Werte, die die Relevanzberechnung beeinflussen, schneller und unabhängig vom IT-Personal getestet, verglichen und dokumentiert werden.
Dynamic Traffic Light System to Reduce The Waiting Time of Emergency Vehicles at Intersections within IoT Environment
Authors: Tashtoush Yahya , Al-refai Mohammed , Al-refai Ghaith , Darweesh Dirar Abdul-Kareem , Zaghal Noor , Darwish Omar
Published: May 2022

Traditional traffic light system, which works based on fixed cycle can be a main reason for traffic jam, due to lack of adaptation to road conditions. Traffic jam has a bad impact on drivers and road users due to the time delay it causes for road users to reach their destinations. This delay can cause a life threat in case of emergency vehicles, such as ambulance vehicles and police cars. One key solution to solve traffic jam on intersections is the dynamic traffic lights, where traffic light operation adapts based on the intersection traffic conditions. Since few of researches projects in the literature interested in solving traffic jam problem for emergency vehicles, the contribution of this paper is to introduces a novel approach to operate traffic light system. The new approach consists of two algorithms which are pure operation mode and hybrid operation mode. These operation modes aim to reduce the waiting time of emergency vehicles on traffic intersections. They assume that there is a smart infrastructure system uses Internet of Things (IoT) that can detect emergency vehicles arrival to an intersection. The smart infrastructure system switches traffic light operation from fixed cycle mode to dynamic mode. The dynamic mode manages traffic lights at intersections to reduce the waiting time of emergency vehicles. The paper presents a simulation of the proposed algorithms, highlights their advantages. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the new technique, we compared our approach with Wen algorithm in the literature and the Traditional traffic light system. Our evaluation study indicated that the proposed algorithms outperformed Wen technique and the Traditional system under different traffic scenarios
A Personalized mHealth Monitoring System for Children and Adolescents with T1 Diabetes by Utilizing IoT Sensors and Assessing Physical Activities
Authors: Zholdas Nurassyl , Mansurova Madina , Postolache Octavian , Kalimoldayev Maksat , Sarsembayeva Talshyn
Published: May 2022

The problem of diabetes mellitus is becoming alarming due to the increase in morbidity among children. Patients are undergoing vital insulin replacement therapy, the dose depends on the level of glucose in the blood. The glucose level prediction program, taking into account the impact of physical activity on the body, the use of mobile health capabilities will allow us to develop personalized tactics for a child patient and minimize the risks of a critical health condition. The target group of this study are children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This study provides an IoT based mHealth monitoring system, including sensors, medical bracelets, mobile devices with applications. The mobile healthcare application for personalized monitoring can implement the functions of more effectively targeting young users to support their own health and improve the quality of life. In addition to monitoring blood glucose levels, the effect of physical activity on the condition of patients is also taken into account. The use of the proposed method for calculating the probable change in the patient’s blood glucose level after the end of physical activity will allow the doctor to make individual recommendations for the diet before the start of physical activity and its intensity.