bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The molecular evolution of cancer associated genes in mammals
Authors: MacDonald Nick , Raven Nynke , Diep Wendy , Evans Samantha , Pannipitiya Senuri , Bramwell Georgina , Vanbeek Caitlin , Thomas Frédéric , Russell Tracey , Dujon Antoine M. , Telonis-Scott Marina , Ujvari Beata
Published: May 2024

Cancer is a disease that many multicellular organisms have faced for millions of years, and species have evolved various tumour suppression mechanisms to control oncogenesis. Although cancer occurs across the tree of life, cancer related mortality risks vary across mammalian orders, with Carnivorans particularly affected. Evolutionary theory predicts different selection pressures on genes associated with cancer progression and suppression, including oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and immune genes. Therefore, we investigated the evolutionary history of cancer associated gene sequences across 384 mammalian taxa, to detect signatures of selection across categories of oncogenes (GRB2, FGL2 and CDC42), tumour suppressors (LITAF, Casp8 and BRCA2) and immune genes (IL2, CD274 and B2M). This approach allowed us to conduct a fine scale analysis of gene wide and site-specific signatures of selection across mammalian lineages under the lens of cancer susceptibility. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that for most species the evolution of cancer associated genes follows the species’ evolution. The gene wide selection analyses revealed oncogenes being the most conserved, tumour suppressor and immune genes having similar amounts of episodic diversifying selection. Despite BRCA2’s status as a key caretaker gene, episodic diversifying selection was detected across mammals. The site-specific selection analyses revealed that the two apoptosis associated domains of the Casp8 gene of bats (Chiroptera) are under opposing forces of selection (positive and negative respectively), highlighting the importance of site-specific selection analyses to understand the evolution of highly complex gene families. Our results highlighted the need to critically assess different types of selection pressure on cancer associated genes when investigating evolutionary adaptations to cancer across the tree of life. This study provides an extensive assessment of cancer associated genes in mammals with highly representative, and substantially large sample size for a comparative genomic analysis in the field and identifies various avenues for future research into the mechanisms of cancer resistance and susceptibility in mammals.
A novel plant type, leaf disease and severity identification framework using CNN and transformer with multi-label method
Authors: Yang Bin , Li Mingwei , Li Fei , Wang Yongbo , Liang Qiaokang , Zhao Ruiyuan , Li Caihong , Wang Jianwu
Published: May 2024

The growth of plants is threatened by numerous diseases. Accurate and timely identification of these diseases is crucial to prevent disease spreading. Many deep learning-based methods have been proposed for identifying leaf diseases. However, these methods often combine plant, leaf disease, and severity into one category or treat them separately, resulting in a large number of categories or complex network structures. Given this, this paper proposes a novel leaf disease identification network (LDI-NET) using a multi-label method. It is quite special because it can identify plant type, leaf disease and severity simultaneously using a single straightforward branch model without increasing the number of categories and avoiding extra branches. It consists of three modules, i.e., a feature tokenizer module, a token encoder module and a multi-label decoder module. The LDI-NET works as follows: Firstly, the feature tokenizer module is designed to enhance the capability of extracting local and long-range global contextual features by leveraging the strengths of convolutional neural networks and transformers. Secondly, the token encoder module is utilized to obtain context-rich tokens that can establish relationships among the plant, leaf disease and severity. Thirdly, the multi-label decoder module combined with a residual structure is utilized to fuse shallow and deep contextual features for better utilization of different-level features. This allows the identification of plant type, leaf disease, and severity simultaneously. Experiments show that the proposed LDI-NET outperforms the prevalent methods using the publicly available AI challenger 2018 dataset.
The use of bones as tools in Late Lower Paleolithic of Central Italy
Authors: Marinelli Flavia , Moncel Marie-Helénè , Lemorini Cristina
Published: May 2024

The Latium area in Italy has yielded rich evidence of Lower Paleolithic sites with both faunal remains, artefacts, and human fossil remains, such as the Ceprano human skull. Many are the sites where lithic industry has been found in association with bone industry. Medium and large animals were a key resource because they provided an enormous amount of meat and fat. However, they were extensively exploited for their bones, rich in marrow, and as raw material for tool production. Bone tools are so far few documented for early period of time and especially for the Middle Pleistocene in Western Europe. We report here evidence of bone tools and their efficiency of use for hominin groups living in the Frosinone-Ceprano basin during the MIS 11/10, a key period which records behavioral innovations and onset of the Neanderthal behaviors. In three sites, Isoletta, Colle Avarone and Selvotta, several bone tools and bone flakes have been discovered (MIS 11/10). They were associated to stone artefacts part of the hominins tool-kit. Technological and use-wear analyses conducted on these bone industries, dated between 410 and 430 ka, yield relevant results to understand the effectiveness of the bones tools found associated with lithic series, including handaxes.
Altered static and dynamic functional network connectivity in primary angle-closure glaucoma patients
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Shu Yongqiang , Cai Guoqian , Guo Yu , Gao Junwei , Chen Ye , Lv Lianjiang , Zeng Xianjun
Published: May 2024

To explore altered patterns of static and dynamic functional brain network connectivity (sFNC and dFNC) in Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients. Clinically confirmed 34 PACG patients and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent evaluation using T1 anatomical and functional MRI on a 3 T scanner. Independent component analysis, sliding window, and the K-means clustering method were employed to investigate the functional network connectivity (FNC) and temporal metrics based on eight resting-state networks. Differences in FNC and temporal metrics were identified and subsequently correlated with clinical variables. For sFNC, compared with HCs, PACG patients showed three decreased interactions, including SMN-AN, SMN-VN and VN-AN pairs. For dFNC, we derived four highly structured states of FC that occurred repeatedly between individual scans and subjects, and the results are highly congruent with sFNC. In addition, PACG patients had a decreased fraction of time in state 3 and negatively correlated with IOP (p < 0.05). PACG patients exhibit abnormalities in both sFNC and dFNC. The high degree of overlap between static and dynamic results suggests the stability of functional connectivity networks in PACG patients, which provide a new perspective to understand the neuropathological mechanisms of optic nerve damage in PACG patients.
Automated tear film break-up time measurement for dry eye diagnosis using deep learning
Authors: El Barche Fatima-Zahra , Benyoussef Anas-Alexis , El Habib Daho Mostafa , Lamard Antonin , Quellec Gwenolé , Cochener Béatrice , Lamard Mathieu
Published: May 2024

In the realm of ophthalmology, precise measurement of tear film break-up time (TBUT) plays a crucial role in diagnosing dry eye disease (DED). This study aims to introduce an automated approach utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to mitigate subjectivity and enhance the reliability of TBUT measurement. We employed a dataset of 47 slit lamp videos for development, while a test dataset of 20 slit lamp videos was used for evaluating the proposed approach. The multistep approach for TBUT estimation involves the utilization of a Dual-Task Siamese Network for classifying video frames into tear film breakup or non-breakup categories. Subsequently, a postprocessing step incorporates a Gaussian filter to smooth the instant breakup/non-breakup predictions effectively. Applying a threshold to the smoothed predictions identifies the initiation of tear film breakup. Our proposed method demonstrates on the evaluation dataset a precise breakup/non-breakup classification of video frames, achieving an Area Under the Curve of 0.870. At the video level, we observed a strong Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.81 between TBUT assessments conducted using our approach and the ground truth. These findings underscore the potential of AI-based approaches in quantifying TBUT, presenting a promising avenue for advancing diagnostic methodologies in ophthalmology.
Structure-specific rigid dose accumulation dosimetric analysis of ablative stereotactic MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy in ultracentral lung lesions
Authors: Bryant J. M. , Cruz-Chamorro Ruben J. , Gan Alberic , Liveringhouse Casey , Weygand Joseph , Nguyen Ann , Keit Emily , Sandoval Maria L. , Sim Austin J. , Perez Bradford A. , Dilling Thomas J. , Redler Gage , Andreozzi Jacqueline , Nardella Louis , Naghavi Arash O. , Feygelman Vladimir , Latifi Kujtim , Rosenberg Stephen A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Definitive local therapy with stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) for ultracentral lung lesions is associated with a high risk of toxicity, including treatment related death. Stereotactic MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) can overcome many of the challenges associated with SABR treatment of ultracentral lesions.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 14 consecutive patients who received SMART to ultracentral lung lesions from 10/2019 to 01/2021. Patients had a median distance from the proximal bronchial tree (PBT) of 0.38 cm. Tumors were most often lung primary (64.3%) and HILUS group A (85.7%). A structure-specific rigid registration approach was used for cumulative dose analysis. Kaplan-Meier log-rank analysis was used for clinical outcome data and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used for dosimetric data.

Results

Here we show that SMART dosimetric improvements in favor of delivered plans over predicted non-adapted plans for PBT, with improvements in proximal bronchial tree DMax of 5.7 Gy (p = 0.002) and gross tumor 100% prescription coverage of 7.3% (p = 0.002). The mean estimated follow-up is 17.2 months and 2-year local control and local failure free survival rates are 92.9% and 85.7%, respectively. There are no grade ≥ 3 toxicities.

Conclusions

SMART has dosimetric advantages and excellent clinical outcomes for ultracentral lung tumors. Daily plan adaptation reliably improves target coverage while simultaneously reducing doses to the proximal airways. These results further characterize the therapeutic window improvements for SMART. Structure-specific rigid dose accumulation dosimetric analysis provides insights that elucidate the dosimetric advantages of SMART more so than per fractional analysis alone.
Post-earthquake rapid resealing of bedrock flow-paths by concretion-forming resin
Authors: Yoshida Hidekazu , Yamamoto Koshi , Asahara Yoshihiro , Maruyama Ippei , Karukaya Koichi , Saito Akane , Matsui Hiroya , Mochizuki Akihito , Jo Mayumi , Katsuta Nagayoshi , Umemura Ayako , Metcalfe Richard
Published: May 2024

Many underground activities may require reducing or preventing fluid flows through bedrock, e.g., sealing of site investigation boreholes, underground tunneling, hydrocarbon field abandonment, and nuclear waste disposal. Cementitious materials such as grout are commonly used for bedrock flow-path sealing, however conventionally used these materials unavoidably undergo physical and chemical degradation, therefore potentially decreasing seal durability. Here, we report a more durable sealing method for concretion-forming resin developed by learning from natural calcite, CaCO3, and spheroidal concretion formation. The method was tested by sealing flow paths next to a tunnel in an underground research laboratory at 350 m depth, in Hokkaido, Japan. The flow paths were initially sealed rapidly, then resealed after disturbance by repeated earthquakes with foci below the underground research laboratory at depths of 2–7 km and maximum magnitude Mw 5.4. The treated rock mass rapidly recovered its very low natural permeability, demonstrating robust self-sealing and healing.
Aminoarylation of alkynes using diarylanilines
Authors: Liu Zi , Greaney Michael F.
Published: May 2024

Intermolecular aminoarylation of alkynes is described, via addition of diarylanilines to alkynes and Smiles–Truce rearrangement.
Understanding the transport properties of perovskite compounds as a function of temperature, frequency and DC-bias voltage using experimental measurements and appropriate theoretical models
Authors: Hizi W. , Rahmouni H. , Khirouni K.
Published: May 2024

A systematic change in the resistivity regime describes the direct switch from semiconductor to metallic character. The increase in temperature and frequency leads to the reinforcement of the charge delocalization effect.
Enhancing the adsorption–photocatalytic efficiency of BiOBr for Congo red degradation by tuning the surface charge and bandgap via an Y3+–I− co-doping strategy
Authors: Chen Dongsheng , Gong Keqian , Xu Xiangyang , Huang Chenyu , Lei Pengtao
Published: May 2024

Bandgap narrowing and electrostatic adsorption enhancement actualized by defect tuning of BiOBr and an enlarged [Bi2O2]2+ gap via Y3+/I− solvothermal co-doping.
Localized surface plasmon resonances of size-selected large silver nanoclusters (n = 70–100) soft-landed on a C60 organic substrate
Authors: Inoue Tomoya , Mizoguchi Kaito , Tokita Miwa , Shibuta Masahiro , Nakaya Masato , Eguchi Toyoaki , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: May 2024

2PPE spectroscopy for plasmonic response reveals the deformation to flattened geometries of Agn nanoclusters on C60 above n = 55.
Partitioning photochemically formed CO2 into clathrate hydrate under interstellar conditions
Authors: Vishwakarma Gaurav , Malla Bijesh K. , Kumar Rajnish , Pradeep Thalappil
Published: May 2024

Partitioning photochemically formed CO2 into clathrate hydrate during vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation of H2O–CO mixtures at 10 K and ∼10−10 mbar.
Delayed tunneling of charges to deep traps in a ZnO impurity containing Cr3+ doped Zn2TiO4 inverse spinel
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Sharma Suchinder K.
Published: May 2024

In this investigation, we have examined how different excitation wavelengths affect charge storage in Cr doped Zn2TiO4.
Dynamics of the activated state of NAD-dependent dehydrogenase investigated by a weighted histogram analysis semi-empirical method
Authors: de Souza João C. P. , Silva Wanderson O. , Freitas Luis P. M. , Colombo Rafael N. P. , Iost Rodrigo M. , Feliciano Gustavo T. , Lima Fábio H. B. , Crespilho Frank N.
Published: May 2024

Dynamics and catalytic activities of the redox enzyme's active site. Elucidation of the molecular dynamics of alcohol dehydrogenase by using weighted histogram analysis semi-empirical method (WHA-SEM) and umbrella sampling.
Deciphering polymer degradation chemistry via integrating new database construction into suspect screening analysis
Authors: Keyes Phoebe , Halimah Noor , Xiong Boya
Published: May 2024

For the first time, a novel suspect screening workflow enabled chemical structure identification of complex mixtures from free radical-induced oxidative chain scission of polyacrylamide used in hydraulic fracturing.
Supplementing infant milk formula with a multi-strain synbiotic and osteopontin enhances colonic microbial colonization and modifies jejunal gene expression in lactating piglets
Authors: Ferreres-Serafini Laia , Martín-Orúe Susana Mª , Sadurní Meritxell , Jiménez Jesús , Moreno-Muñoz José Antonio , Castillejos Lorena
Published: May 2024

Supplementation of synbiotic and osteopontin in milk formulas influences the establishment of intestinal microbiota and gene expression in the intestine.
Deep learning unlocks label-free viability assessment of cancer spheroids in microfluidics
Authors: Chiang Chun-Cheng , Anne Rajiv , Chawla Pooja , Shaw Rachel M. , He Sarah , Rock Edwin C. , Zhou Mengli , Cheng Jinxiong , Gong Yi-Nan , Chen Yu-Chih
Published: May 2024

Convolutional neural network model predicts spheroid viability.
Heteroatoms chemical tailoring of aluminum nitrite nanotubes as biosensors for 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (a biomarker for carcinoid tumors): insights from a computational study
Authors: Ubah Chioma B. , Akem Martilda U. , Benjamin Innocent , Edet Henry O. , Adeyinka Adedapo S. , Louis Hitler
Published: May 2024

This study aims to elucidate the properties of aluminum nitrite nanotubes (AlNNT) encapsulated with phosphorus (P@AlNNT), sulphur (S@AlNNT), and silicon (Si@AlNNT) heteroatoms for use as biosensors for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA).
Low hysteresis, water retention, anti-freeze multifunctional hydrogel strain sensor for human–machine interfacing and real-time sign language translation
Authors: Zhou Lijuan , Zhao Bin , Liang Jingye , Lu Fangying , Yang Weiping , Xu Jishuai , Zheng Jingxuan , Liu Yong , Wang Run , Liu Zunfeng
Published: May 2024

Multifunctional hydrogel strain sensors with mechanical and electrical dual low hysteresis have been developed for human–machine interfacing and real-time sign language translation.
Correction: Intelligent micro/nanorobots based on biotemplates
Authors: Chen Ting , Cai Yuepeng , Ren Biye , Sánchez Beatriz Jurado , Dong Renfeng
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Intelligent micro/nanorobots based on biotemplates' by Ting Chen et al., Mater. Horiz., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh00114a.
Multivacant polyoxometalate-stabilizing palladium nanoparticles catalyze the N-formylation of amines with CO2 and H2
Authors: Lai Wenkai , Jiang Yongjun , Liao Huiying , Wei Xinjia , Xu Zhiwei , Ding Ji , An Ning , Dai Sheng , Hou Zhenshan
Published: May 2024

The multivacant POM-stabilizing Pd nanoparticles exhibited high efficiency and recyclability in the N-formylation reaction of amines with CO2 and H2.
Unlocking the potential of NiCo2O4 nanocomposites: morphology modification based on urea concentration and hydrothermal and calcination temperature
Authors: Niyati Ataollah , Moranda Arianna , Basbus Juan Felipe , Paladino Ombretta
Published: May 2024

The NiCo-S4 electrocatalyst with a unique morphology demonstrates superior performance in the oxygen evolution reaction.
Efficient synthetic methods for α,β-dehydroamino acids as useful and environmentally benign building blocks in biological and materials science
Authors: Mori Taiki , Sumida Sao , Sakata Kazuki , Shirakawa Seiji
Published: May 2024

The synthetic methods and applications of α,β-dehydroamino acids in creating artificially designed peptides and proteins, serving as green and sustainable organic materials, are summarized.
Single atom-decorated transition metal oxide nanomaterials for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Cong-Hui , Yuan Cheng-Zong , Wang Ling-Xian , Wu Fuling , Xin Lei , Zhang Xiaomeng , Xu An-Wu
Published: May 2024

Recent advances in designing and preparing single atom-decorated transition metal oxide-based OER electrocatalysts are summarized in terms of synthetic methods and intrinsic nature to enhance the OER.
Revisiting the 1,3-azadiene-succinic anhydride annulation reaction for the stereocontrolled synthesis of allylic 2-oxopyrrolidines bearing up to four contiguous stereocenters
Authors: Beng Timothy K. , Kaur Jasleen , Anosike Ifeyinwa S. , Rentfro Benjamin , Newgard Shae
Published: May 2024

A flexible strategy, which unites succinic anhydride and 1,3-azadienes to produce allylic 2-pyrrolidinones bearing contiguous stereocenters is described.
Accelerating reaction optimization through data-rich experimentation and machine-assisted process development
Authors: McMullen Jonathan P. , Jurica Jon A.
Published: May 2024

The acceleration of drug substance process development is realized by employing data-rich experimentation, optimization algorithms, and data-driven modeling techniques.
Employing unnatural promiscuity of sortase to construct peptide macrocycle libraries for ligand discovery
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ni , Wan Xiao-Cui , Tang Yang , Chen Ying , Zheng Feng-Hao , Cui Zhi-Hui , Zhang Hua , Zhou Zhaocai , Fang Ge-Min
Published: May 2024

We report a sortase-based macrocyclization strategy in which low-reactive electrophiles are introduced into the SrtA recognition sequence (LPXTG) to enable the construction of phage-displayed peptide macrocycle libraries for ligand discovery.
Rational design of a g-C3N4/CdS/MIL-125 (Ti)-derived TiO2 ternary heterojunction as a highly efficient photocatalyst for wastewater treatment under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Huo Hongyang , Sui Guozhe , Meng Shuang , Guo Dongxuan , Fu Shanshan , Zhang Dantong , Yang Xue , Li Jinlong
Published: May 2024

A highly efficient g-C3N4/CdS/TiO2 ternary heterojunction photocatalyst with a hollow structure has been fabricated using a step-by-step self-assembly strategy.
Designing AgBi3S5 as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chowdhury Anupam , De Aditi , Kundu Subrata , Bhattacharya Swapan Kumar
Published: May 2024

Nano-catalysts Ag2S, Bi2S3, AgBi3S5 and CuBiS2 are synthesized by facile hot chemical treatments and used for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction in acid. The best catalyst AgBi3S5 can be designed for generation of green fuel hydrogen.
There and back again: bridging meso- and nano-scales to understand lipid vesicle patterning
Authors: Cornet Julie , Coulonges Nelly , Pezeshkian Weria , Penissat-Mahaut Maël , Desgrez-Dautet Hermes , Marrink Siewert J. , Destainville Nicolas , Chavent Matthieu , Manghi Manoel
Published: May 2024

We describe a complete methodology to bridge the scales between nanoscale molecular dynamics and (micrometer) mesoscale Monte Carlo simulations in lipid membranes and vesicles undergoing phase separation.
Heterogeneity-induced retraction in viscoelastic fluids following cessation of flow
Authors: McCauley Patrick J. , Kumar Satish , Calabrese Michelle A.
Published: May 2024

Complex fluids including entangled wormlike micelles (WLMs) can develop heterogeneous flow regions in steady shear flow. We show that flow heterogeneity in WLMs can cause significant retraction of the fluid upon cessation of the imposed flow.
Remanufacturing of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Valadez-Villalobos Karen , Davies Matthew L.
Published: May 2024

For improved sustainability, remanufacturing is a vital loop of a circular economy. We detail progress on remanufacturing strategies for perovskite solar cells and highlight key aspects that need advancement to deliver a sustainable technology.
Grafting a Rh–bipyridine complex on carbon nitride through coordination: ligand modification of single-atom Rh for enhanced CO2 reduction and inhibited H+ reduction
Authors: Li Ling , Mao Yulu , Zhao Jiwu , Zhang Yuxuan , Wu Han , Gu Quan
Published: May 2024

When 2,2′-bipyridine coordinates with a single atom Rh to form a single site Rh–bipyridine molecular cocatalyst, the hydrogen production rate is effectively inhibited and the CO generation is significantly increased.
Phase stability and charge compensation in disordered rock salt compounds based on nickel and titanium
Authors: Reitano Agnese , Kunz Sylvia , Xu Mingfeng , Suard Emmanuelle , Bianchini Matteo
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of Ni/Ti disordered rock salt compounds (DRX) features the fast formation of a layered phase before the DRX structure becomes favored by entropy. Electrochemically the compounds exhibit significant structural and electronic hysteresis.
Lateral functionalization of a one-dimensional covalent organic framework for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water
Authors: Liu Chao , Ma De-Li , Tian Peng-Ju , Jia Chao , Qi Qiao-Yan , Jiang Guo-Fang , Zhao Xin
Published: May 2024

Exterior functionalization of a one-dimensional (1D) covalent organic framework (COF) was achieved by introducing terpyridine units on its edges to anchor Pt(ii) cations. It exhibits high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from water.
PEO-b-PCL/Tween 80/cyclodextrin systems: from bioinspired fabrication to possible nasal administration of ropinirole hydrochloride
Authors: Saitani Elmina-Marina , Pippa Natassa , Perinelli Diego Romano , Forys Aleksander , Papakyriakopoulou Paraskevi , Lagopati Nefeli , Bonacucina Giulia , Trzebicka Barbara , Gazouli Maria , Pispas Stergios , Valsami Georgia
Published: May 2024

Hybrid PEO-b-PCL/Tween 80/cyclodextrin systems: physicochemical and morphological characterization, and in vitro release studies.
Fluorinated BPA derivatives enhanced 10B delivery in tumors
Authors: Ding Dandan , Mo Shushan , Li Qishan , Wang Fei , Wang Xueyi , Ou Caiwen , Li Zhenhua
Published: May 2024

Fluorinated BPA derivatives exhibited improved 10B accumulation in tumors, and enhanced T/B and T/N ratios compared to clinical boron drug fructose-BPA (f-BPA).
Supramolecular DNA nanogels through host–guest interaction for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Duan Zongze , Dong Guizhi , Yang Hai , Yan Zhengwei , Liu Simin , Dong Yuanchen , Zhao Zhiyong
Published: May 2024

Supramolecular DNA nanogel was constructed by host–guest interaction from Y-DNA modified with methyl violet, dsDNA with azobenzene, and curcubit[8]uril. It possess stimuli responses, excellent biocompatibility and targeted drug transport ability.
Self-powered solar-blind ultraviolet-visible Cu2O/Ga2O3photodetectors
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Xu Jianping , Shi Shaobo , Kong Lina , He Xiangwei , He Jiahang , Zhang Xiaosong , Li Lan
Published: May 2024

Traditional optical communication using single narrow-band photodetectors (PDs) has poor confidentiality because all information and data are exposed to free space.
High-performance organic thin-film transistors: principles and strategies
Authors: Hao Zijuan , Wu Zhiyun , Liu Shuiren , Tang Xiaowu , Chen Jinzhou , Liu Xuying
Published: May 2024

Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) mark a breakthrough in flexible electronics, offering advantages over traditional inorganic semiconductors through their adaptability, cost efficiency, and low-temperature production.
Design and analysis of a less‐magnets consequent‐pole line‐start permanent magnet motor with low cogging torque
Authors: Wu Fan , Wang Xiaolin , Bao Xucong , Li Ruixuan
Published: May 2024

The paper suggests a design and optimisation approach for a consequent‐pole line‐start permanent magnet motor (CPLSPM) with flexible pole arc coefficients and high utilisation of rare‐earth (RE) materials, without the need for a variable frequency drive. The presence of dual‐sided slots and adjustable pole arc coefficient sets CPLSPM apart from other types of motors, making the analysis of its cogging torque more complex. Taking into account the double‐sided slotted and flexible adjustable pole arc coefficient, a cogging torque and airgap flux density model was established, and the influence of the pole arc coefficient on the characteristics of the cogging torque and airgap flux density of CPLSPM was analysed. The authors conduct multidimensional optimisation considering the coupling of multiple parameters to obtain a CPLSPM with minimal RE material usage, low cogging torque and excellent start‐up and steady‐state performance. Finite element simulation data are presented to validate the factors affecting the cogging torque and the feasibility of the proposed less‐magnetic CPLSPM design. Finally, a prototype of a 750 rpm/2.2 kW CPLSPM is built, and performance testing is carried out for comparison, and applied to submersible mixers.
Intelligent identification method of insulation pull rod defects based on intactness‐aware Mosaic data augmentation and fusion of YOLOv5s
Authors: Li Changyun , Hua Yuze , Liu Yilin , Liu Kai , Zhang Sanyi
Published: May 2024

The authors introduce the intactness‐aware Mosaic data augmentation strategy, designed to tackle challenges such as low accuracy in detecting defects in insulation pull rods, limited timeliness in intelligent analysis, and the absence of a comprehensive database for information on insulation pull rod defects. The proposed strategy incorporates the YOLOv5s algorithm for detecting defects in insulation pull rods. Initially, the YOLOv5s network was constructed, and a dataset containing photos of insulation pull rods with white spots, fractures, impurities, and bubble flaws was compiled to capture images of defects. The research presented a data enhancement approach to improve the images and establish a dataset for insulation pull rod defects. The YOLOv5s algorithm was applied for both training and testing purposes. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the detection performance of YOLOv5s against a conventional target detector for identifying defects in insulation pull rods. Furthermore, the utility of Mosaic's data augmentation technique, which incorporates intactness awareness, was evaluated to enhance the accuracy of identifying insulation pull rod defects. The research findings indicate that the YOLOv5s algorithm is employed for intelligent detection and precise localisation of flaws. The intactness‐aware Mosaic data augmentation strategy significantly improves the accuracy of detecting faults in insulation pull rods. The YOLOv5s model used achieves a performance index mAP@0.5:0.95 of 0.563 on the test set, distinct from the training set data. With a threshold of 0.5, the mAP@0.5 score is 0.904, indicating a substantial improvement in both detection efficiency and accuracy compared to conventional target detection methods. Innovative approaches for identifying defects in insulation pull rods are introduced.
Energy and throughput efficient mobile wireless sensor networks: A deep reinforcement learning approach
Authors: Alsalmi N. , Navaie K. , Rahmani H.
Published: May 2024

The efficient development of Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs) relies heavily on optimizing two key parameters: Throughput and Energy Consumption. The proposed work investigates network connectivity issues with MWSN and proposes two routing algorithms, namely Self‐Organising Maps based‐Optimised Link State Routing (SOM‐OLSR) and Deep Reinforcement Learning based‐Optimised Link State Routing (DRL‐OLSR) for MWSNs. The primary objective of the proposed algorithms is to achieve energy‐efficient routing while maximizing throughput. The proposed algorithms are evaluated through simulations by considering various performance metrics, including connection probability (CP), end‐to‐end delay, overhead, network throughput, and energy consumption. The simulation analysis is discussed under three scenarios. The first scenario undertakes ‘no optimisation’, the second considers SOM‐OLSR, and the third undertakes DRL‐OLSR. A comparison between DRL‐OLSR and SOM‐OLSR reveals that the former surpasses the latter in terms of low latency and prolonged network lifetime. Specifically, DRL‐OLSR demonstrates a 47% increase in throughput, a 67% reduction in energy consumption, and a CP three times higher than SOM‐OLSR. Furthermore, when contrasted with the ‘no optimisation’ scenario, DRL‐OLSR achieves a remarkable 69.7% higher throughput and nearly 89% lower energy consumption. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the DRL‐OLSR approach in wireless sensor networks.
Sense (and) the city: From Internet of Things sensors and open data platforms to urban observatories
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Gunner Sam , Pregnolato Maria , Tully Patrick , Georgalas Nektarios , Oikonomou George , Karatzas Stylianos , Tryfonas Theo
Published: May 2024

Digitalisation and the Internet of Things (IoT) help city councils improve services, increase productivity and reduce costs. City‐scale monitoring of traffic and pollution enables the development of insights into low‐air quality areas and the introduction of improvements. IoT provides a platform for the intelligent interconnection of everyday objects and has become an integral part of a citizen's life. Anyone can monitor from their fitness to the air quality of their immediate environment using everyday technologies. With caveats around privacy and accuracy, such data could even complement those collected by authorities at city‐scale, for validating or improving policies. The authors explore the hierarchies of urban sensing from citizen‐to city‐scale, how sensing at different levels may be interlinked, and the challenges of managing the urban IoT. The authors provide examples from the UK, map the data generation processes across levels of urban hierarchies and discuss the role of emerging sociotechnical urban sensing infrastructures, that is, independent, open, and transparent capabilities that facilitate stakeholder engagement and collection and curation of grassroots data. The authors discuss how such capabilities can become a conduit for the alignment of community‐ and city‐level action via an example of tracking the use of shared electric bicycles in Bristol, UK.
Standardized therapies after ECMO program (STEP); a novel approach to pediatric post-ECMO care
Authors: Shappley Rebekah K.H. , Holder Christen M. , Poplos Constance E. , Anton-Martin Pilar , Spentzas Thomas , Whitaker Toni M. , Karmarkar Swati , Shah Samir H. , Sandhu Hitesh S.
Published: May 2024

Background: The study objective was to characterize compliance with Standardized Therapy after ECMO Program (STEP), an intentional discharge pathway for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) survivors in a US pediatric hospital. Methods: The program identified pediatric ECMO survivors before discharge, appropriate consultations were reviewed and requested, families were educated on ECMO sequelae, and ECMO summaries were sent to pediatricians. Compliance with institutional post-ECMO guidelines was evaluated before and after STEP implementation. Results: We identified 77 ECMO survivors to hospital discharge (36 [46.8%] before and 41 [53.2%] after STEP implementation). There was a significant increase in complete (38.8% vs. 74.2%, p < 0.001) and time-appropriate neurodevelopmental testing (71.4% vs. 95.6%, p = 0.03). Significant increase in inpatient evaluations by neurology (52.7% vs. 75.6%, p = 0.03) and audiology (66.7% vs. 87.8%, p = 0.02), and in referrals for outpatient audiology (66.6 vs. 95.1%, p = 0.002), physical therapy (P.T.) (63.8% vs. 95.1%, p = 0.001), occupational therapy (O.T.) (63.8% vs. 95.1%, p = 0.001) and speech-language pathology (S.L.P.) (55.5% vs. 95.1%, p < 0.001) were noted. Conclusion: Implementing an intentional discharge pathway for pediatric ECMO survivors (STEP) successfully increases inpatient and outpatient compliance with hospital and Extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) follow-up guidelines. It leads to timely and complete neurodevelopmental evaluation.
Beam range uncertainty and its clinical management in particle therapy
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Lu Hsiao-Ming
Published: May 2024

The full theoretical advantages of particle beams in external beam radiotherapy have not been fully exploited, in large part due to uncertainties of the beam range in the patient. For this reason, efforts are underway, either for more precise in-vivo detection of Bragg peak positions or for further reduction of beam range computation errors in treatment planning. Meanwhile, management of the range uncertainty issues with mitigation techniques based on existing technology is critical in providing safe and effective treatments in clinical practice. This paper briefly reviews the definition and causes of particle range uncertainty, the uncertainty estimates currently used in clinical practice, and the corresponding mitigation techniques. It is intended to provide references for clinical practices at new and existing particle therapy centers.
CAR-T-Zell-Therapie ökonomisch vertretbar
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2024

Die CAR-T-Zell-Therapie kommt als Drittlinientherapie diffus großzelliger B-Zell-Lymphome (DLBCL) in Betracht. Allein die einmalige Infusion der Hauptprotagonisten Axicapatagen Ciloleucel und Tisagenlecleucel werde in Deutschland mit 282 000 und 275 000 Euro erstattet, so die deutsche Studiengruppe um Skalt D. Die Budget-Impact-Analyse (BIA) zeige aber, dass die Kosten verglichen mit anderen Behandlungen durchaus vertretbar sind.
Neues digitales System soll Tumorboards entlasten
Authors: Schöllmann Claudia
Published: May 2024

„Wir haben in Deutschland ein Problem bei Tumorkonferenzen. Das Problem heißt Zeit“, sagte Paulina Klose, Köln, im Rahmen einer Postersession bei der DGHO-Jahrestagung 2023. Das Zeitproblem sei dadurch bedingt, dass hierzulande jede und jeder onkologische Erkrankte in einem Tumorboard vorgestellt werden müsse –unabhängig davon, ob ein komplexer Fall oder ein Standardfall vorliege. Klose entwickelt mit anderen Wissenschaftler*innen der Universität Köln ein digitales Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem, das Tumorboards von der Standardfall-Diskussion entlasten soll.
Weiterhin schnelles, tiefes und anhaltendes Ansprechen auf Teclistamab
Authors: Schöllmann Claudia
Published: May 2024

Teclistamab ist der erste bispezifische Antikörper „off the shelf“ (von der Stange), der zur Behandlung des rezidivierten/refraktären Multiplen Myeloms (r/r MM) zugelassen ist. Durch Bindung an BCMA auf Myelomzellen und CD3 auf T-Zellen bringt der Antikörper die beiden Zelltypen nahe und erleichtert die Aktivierung der körpereigenen Immunabwehr. Dr. Britta Besemer aus Tübingen stellte das 2-Jahres-Update der Zulassungsstudie MajesTEC-1 vor, deren Ergebnisse die der früherer Analysen teilweise sogar übertreffen.
Von experimentellen Therapien bis zur Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Schöllmann Claudia
Published: May 2024

Bispezifische Antikörper haben bei hämatologischen Malignomen bereits Einzug in den klinischen Alltag gehalten. Nun werden sie für die Behandlung des Prostatakarzinoms entwickelt und klinisch geprüft, wie Dr. Jonas Heitmann, Tübingen, im Rahmen der vergangenen Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Medizinische Onkologie (DGHO) am Beispiel des bispezifischen Antikörpers CC-1 erklärte. Des Weiteren stellte Dr. Jörg Klier, Köln, eine wichtige Versorgungsstudie des Vereins Deutsche Uro-Onkologen (d-uo) vor 1.
Keine Prognoseverschlechterung bei fehlender Lymphknotendissektion
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: May 2024

Bei Patientinnen mit residuellen isolierten Tumorzellen (ITC) im Lymphknoten nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie ist eine axilläre Lymphknotendissektion (ALND) nicht erforderlich. Laut Daten der Studie OPBC05/EUBREAST-14R/ICARO ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit für den Nachweis positiver Lymphknoten mit nur 5 % gering.
Tripelregime mit Zanidatamab verlängert progressionsfreies Überleben
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: May 2024

Mit dem bispezifischen und gegen HER2 gerichteten Antikörper Zanidatamab in Kombination mit Palbociclib und Fulvestrant wurde in einer Phase-IIa-Studie ein vielversprechendes progressionsfreies Überleben (PFS) von 12 Monaten bei intensiv vortherapierten Patientinnen mit hormonrezeptorpositivem (HR-positiven), HER2-positivem Mammakarzinom erreicht.
Erstlinientherapie mit Atezolizumab, Paclitaxel und Bevacizumab zeigt vielversprechende Antitumoraktivität
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: May 2024

In der Phase-II-Studie ATRACTIB beim fortgeschrittenen triple-negativen Brustkrebs (TNBC) zeigte die Erstlinientherapie mit dem Dreierregime Atezolizumab, Paclitaxel und Bevacizumab eine vielversprechende Aktivität.
Einblicke in das Neuromuskuläre Zentrum
Stuttgart-Tübingen
Authors: Braun Sarah
Published: May 2024

Erfahrungsbericht über 2 Hospitationen in neurophysiologischen Laboren in
Stuttgart und Tübingen im Rahmen des Neurophysiologie-Stipendiums für
Neuropädiater*innen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Klinische Neurophysiologie
und Funktionelle Bildgebung
Periphere ulzerative Keratitis: Klinik,
Differenzialdiagnosen und Therapiekonzepte
Authors: Baquet-Walscheid Karoline , Neß Thomas , Maier Philip Christian , Lapp Thabo
Published: May 2024

Bei der peripheren ulzerativen Keratitis (PUK) handelt es sich um eine
entzündliche Erkrankung der peripheren Hornhaut, die in vielen Fällen mit
seltenen, aber potenziell lebensbedrohlichen systemischen Autoimmunerkrankungen
assoziiert sein kann. Die Pathogenese der PUK beruht auf einer humoralen sowie
zellulär vermittelten Inflammation. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt i. d. R. anhand
des typischen klinischen Befunds und erfordert stets eine ausführliche
Diagnostik zur Identifizierung einer potenziellen systemischen Grunderkrankung.
Die Behandlung umfasst topische und systemische immunsuppressive und
immunmodulatorische Therapiestrategien und bei drohender oder stattgehabter
Perforation ggf. auch verschiedene chirurgische Interventionen. Bei der PUK
handelt es sich um eine potenziell zur Erblindung führende Erkrankung, die
zunächst die Peripherie betrifft, jedoch unbehandelt zu einer Destruktion der
gesamten Hornhaut führen kann. Eine interdisziplinäre Diagnostik und Therapie
sind entscheidend, um das Augenlicht betroffener Patient*innen zu bewahren und
die Morbidität sowie die Mortalität zu senken. Der nachfolgende Artikel gibt
eine Übersicht über die Pathophysiologie, die klinischen Befunde, mögliche
zugrunde liegende Systemerkrankungen, relevante Differenzialdiagnosen und
potenzielle medikamentöse und chirurgische Therapiestrategien.
Surgical and Histopathological Results in Carotid Body Tumors
Authors: Işık Mehmet , Kılınç Fahriye , Dereli Yüksel , Tanyeli Ömer , Yıldırım Serkan , Alakuş Rabia , Arbağ Hamdi , Görmüş Niyazi
Published: May 2024

Objective The possible relationships between the histopathological findings of carotid body tumors and age, gender, tumor diameter, and Shamblin classification were investigated. In addition, preoperative embolization status, development of neurological complications, need for vascular reconstruction, hemoglobin change, and discharge time were examined and the effects of these variables on each other were analyzed.

Methods Between 2008 and 2022, 46 cases who underwent carotid body tumor excision were examined retrospectively. The cases were followed for an average of 81 months postoperatively. Histopathological materials were reexamined and the effect of categorical variables was analyzed.

Results Mean tumor diameter was 3.55 ± 1.26 cm, mean discharge time was 3.91 ± 2.37 days, and mean hemoglobin change was 1.86 ± 1.25. Neurological complications developed in 13% of cases. The amount of hemoglobin change was significantly (p = 0.003) higher in those who developed neurological complications, whereas the tumor diameter and discharge time were found to be insignificantly higher. Surgical complications requiring vascular repair occurred in 10.8% of cases. Tumor diameter (p = 0.017) and hemoglobin change (p = 0.046) were significantly higher in these patients. There were significant correlations between higher Shamblin classification and tumor diameter, discharge time, postoperative hemoglobin value, and number of surgical and neurological complications. No significant difference was found between Ki-67, capsular invasion, mitosis, pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli, mean island diameter, and tendency of islands to merge with categorical variables.

Conclusion As the tumor diameter increases, the operation becomes more difficult and the postoperative complication rate increases. We think that subadventitial and capsular removal of the tumor is effective in preventing recurrence. To reach a histopathological conclusion, a larger series of studies including tumors with high Ki-67 and mitosis rates, large size, and one or more of the criteria for necrosis are needed.
Multicomponent Reactions: A Promising Approach to Isotope Labeling
Authors: Domling Alexander , Elsinga Philip H. , Xiao Siyu , Conte Antonio , Cornelissen Bart T.
Published: May 2024

Isotopic labeling is an attractive modality that has been widely used in many aspects of chemistry, the life sciences, and medical research; especially deuterated drugs and radioactive molecules have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The widespread application and rapid development of isotopically labeled molecules has led to an increased demand for new isotopic labeling chemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing defined nuclides. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are modular build-up approaches for the rapid generation of complex molecules often containing biologically relevant scaffold structures. There is great potential to use MCRs to construct isotopically labeled molecules because assembly speed and reaction diversity are key advantages of MCR. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent literature on this topic that can provide insight into the application of MCRs in the field of isotopic labeling.
Analysis of Tissue Repair of a New Cement Based on Calcium and Strontium Aluminates: A Triple-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial in an Animal Model
Authors: Penha Elizandra Silva da , Filho Nonato Amorim de Farias , Medeiros Luanna Abílio Diniz Melquíades de , Rosendo Rosana Araújo , Silva Marco Antônio Dias da , Barbosa Willams Teles , García-Carrodeguas Raúl , Rodríguez Miguel Angel , Münchow Eliseu Aldrighi , Lacerda-Santos Rogério , Fook Marcus Vinícius Lia
Published: May 2024

Objective The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new root canal filling sealer (RCFS) based on tristrontium aluminate and dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate in living tissue.

Material and Methods Forty-five Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into three groups: control (polyethylene), sealer (Bio-C Sealer, Londrina, PR, Brazil), and experimental (tristrontium aluminate and dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope to assess different cellular events at different time intervals (7, 15, and 30 days).

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn (p < 0.05) tests.

Results In the initial period, a moderate inflammatory infiltrate was observed, similar between the endodontic cements groups (p = 0.725). The intensity of the infiltrate decreased with time, with no significant difference among the groups (p > 0.05). The number of young fibroblasts was elevated in all groups evaluated at 7 days. The experimental group showed the highest number of cells at all time intervals, but the difference with the sealer group at 7 (p = 0.001) and 15 days (p = 0.002) and the control group at 30 days was not significant (p = 0.001). Regarding tissue repair events, the amount of collagen fibers increased over the experimental intervals, with no significant difference between the sealer and control groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The experimental RCFS based on calcium and strontium aluminates proved to be biocompatible for use in close contact with periapical tissue, inducing a low inflammatory reaction and favoring rapid tissue repair.