bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired textile with dual-stimuli responsive wettability for body moisture management and signal expression
Authors: Li Deke , Liang Xiaojing , Li Shanpeng , Wang Tao , Han Guocai , Guo Zhiguang
Published: June 2021

A smart bioinspired loofah textile with biosafe wettability shows high directional liquid transport capacity and the ability to identify liquids with different pH values.
The untapped potential of plant sesterterpenoids: chemistry, biological activities and biosynthesis
Authors: Guo Kai , Liu Yan , Li Sheng-Hong
Published: June 2021

An overall coverage of plant sesterterpenoids including the distribution, chemistry, biological activities, biosynthesis and evolution is provided, highlighting the untapped potential of this enigmatic but promising natural product class in plants.
Enhanced photocurrent response speed in charge-density-wave phase of TiSe2-metal junctions
Authors: Walmsley Thayer S. , Xu Ya-Qiong
Published: June 2021

Superior optoelectronic performance is demonstrated in the charge density wave phase of few-layer TiSe2.
A lead-free layered Dion–Jacobson hybrid double perovskite constructed by an aromatic diammonium cation
Authors: Fu Dongying , Wu Shichao , Liu Yanyun , Yao Yunpeng , He Yueyue , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: June 2021

A two-dimensional Dion–Jacobson type lead-free hybrid double perovskite [(3AMPY)2AgBiI8·H2O] (3AMPY = 3-(aminomethyl) pyridinium) constructed by an aromatic diammonium cation exhibits an attractive narrow band gap (Eg = 1.86 eV).
LaTaON2–BaTaO2N solid solutions for photocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Xu Xiaoxiang
Published: June 2021

Solid solutions of LaTaON2and BaTaO2N,i.e.La1−xBaxTaO1+yN2−y(0 ≤x,y≤ 1), have been investigated which show promising photocatalytic activity for water oxidation to oxygen under visible light illumination (λ≥ 420 nm).
Bio-inspired barb structure designed on the surface of carbon fibers to enhance the interfacial properties of composites in multiple scales
Authors: Qiu Baowei , Ni Long , Zhang Xueqin , Chen Yang , Zhou Shengtai , Heng Zhengguang , Liang Mei , Zou Huawei
Published: June 2021

The properties of fiber–matrix interfaces are one of the most important factors that influence the performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites.
Iridium-catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric allylic etherification of salicylic acid derivatives with chiral-bridged biphenyl phosphoramidite ligands
Authors: Pan Bendu , Ouyang Jia-Sheng , Zhang Yaqi , Liang Hao , Ni Qiang , Chen Bin , Pu Xiaoyun , Jiang Long , Cao Rihui , Qiu Liqin
Published: June 2021

Iridium-catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric allylic etherification of salicylic acid derivatives was successfully realized for the first time.
Synthesis of 2-aminobenzofurans via base-mediated [3 + 2] annulation of N-phenoxy amides with gem-difluoroalkenes
Authors: Chen Kaifeng , Chen Weijie , Chen Fangyuan , Zhang Haiman , Xu Huiying , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei
Published: June 2021

Efficient metal-free [3 + 2] annulation of N-phenoxy amides with gem-difluoroalkenes has been realized for the assembly of 2-aminobenzofuran derivatives with potent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines and application potential for DELs.
Polymer encapsulated clinical ICG nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal therapy and NIR fluorescence imaging in cervical cancer
Authors: Chen Shuang , Zhu Lijun , Du Zhong , Ma Rong , Yan Ting , Alimu Gulinigaer , Zhang Xueliang , Alifu Nuernisha , Ma Cailing
Published: June 2021

PSMA encapsulated Clinical ICG to form ICG@PSMA nanoparticles. ICG@PSMA nanoparticles showed strong NIR fluorescence and excellent photothermal properties.
1,2,3-Triazole framework: a strategic structure for C–H⋯X hydrogen bonding and practical design of an effective Pd-catalyst for carbonylation and carbon–carbon bond formation
Authors: Mohammadsaleh Fatemeh , Jahromi Maryam Dehdashti , Hajipour Abdol Reza , Hosseini Seyed Mostafa , Niknam Khodabakhsh
Published: June 2021

The C–H hydrogen bonding of a 1,2,3-triazole framework was studied. An Fe3O4–chitosan core–shell incorporating a triazole/Pd complex was investigated as a nanocatalyst in carbonylation and C–C coupling.
Copper-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of alkenyl diynes: method development and new mechanistic insights
Authors: Zhu Xin-Qi , Hong Pan , Zheng Yan-Xin , Zhen Ying-Ying , Hong Feng-Lin , Lu Xin , Ye Long-Wu
Published: June 2021

A copper-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of alkenyl diynes involving a vinylic C(sp2)–H functionalization is reported, enabling the construction of various valuable chiral polycyclic-pyrroles in high yields and enantioselectivities.
Metallic microswimmers driven up the wall by gravity
Authors: Brosseau Quentin , Usabiaga Florencio Balboa , Lushi Enkeleida , Wu Yang , Ristroph Leif , Ward Michael D. , Shelley Michael J. , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2021

Experiments on autophoretic bimetallic nanorods propelling within a fuel of hydrogen peroxide show that tail-heavy swimmers preferentially orient upwards and ascend along inclined planes.
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems with platinum drugs for overcoming cancer drug resistance
Authors: Xie Peng , Wang Yushu , Wei Dengshuai , Zhang Lingpu , Zhang Bin , Xiao Haihua , Song Haiqin , Mao Xinzhan
Published: June 2021

The mechanisms of chemoresistance and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for platinum drugs were detailed summarized in this review. The current combination therapy provided an effective strategy to overcome the platinum drug resistance.
Interplay between core and shell in a RbCoFe@RbNiCo Prussian blue analogue spin transition heterostructure
Authors: He Wanhong , Cain John M. , Meisel Mark W. , Talham Daniel R.
Published: June 2021

Core–shell particles with a Prussian blue analogue RbaCob[Fe(CN)6]c·mH2O core and different shell thicknesses are studied as the cores undergo both thermal and light-induced spin transitions, revealing different mechanisms for accommodating strain.
The interplay of self-assembly and target binding in centrin 1 from Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Conter Carolina , Bombardi Luca , Pedretti Marco , Favretto Filippo , Di Matteo Adele , Dominici Paola , Astegno Alessandra
Published: June 2021

Centrins are conserved calcium (Ca2+)-binding proteins typically associated with centrosomes that have been implicated in several biological processes. In Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, three centrin isoforms have been recognized. We have recently characterized the metal binding and structural features of isoform 1 (TgCEN1), demonstrating that it possesses properties consistent with a role as a Ca2+ sensor and displays a Ca2+-dependent tendency to self-assemble. Herein, we expanded our studies, focusing on the self-association and target binding properties of TgCEN1 by combining biophysical techniques including dynamic light scattering, isothermal titration calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. We found that the self-assembly process of TgCEN1 depends on different physicochemical factors, including Ca2+ concentration, temperature, and protein concentration, and is mediated by both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The process is completely abolished upon removal of the first 21-residues of the protein and is significantly reduced in the presence of a binding target peptide derived from the human XPC protein (P17-XPC). Titration of P17-XPC to the intact protein and isolated domains showed that TgCEN1 possesses two binding sites with distinct affinities and Ca2+ sensitivity; a high-affinity site in the C-lobe which may be constitutively bound to the peptide and a low-affinity site in the N-lobe which is active only upon Ca2+ stimulus. Overall, our results suggest a specific mechanism of TgCEN1 for Ca2+-modulated target binding and support a N-to-C self-assembly mode, in which the first 21-residues of one molecule likely interact with the C-lobe of the other.
Construction of nested pattern matrix with large girth for PDMA systems
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Xu Jin
Published: June 2021

In this letter, a new method is proposed to construct the pattern matrix (PM) with both nested structure and large girth for pattern division multiple access (PDMA) system. The proposed method contains two steps. Firstly, by performing the Kronecker product on a cycle‐free base‐PM with overload factor , an expanded‐PM with overload factor is obtained. Then, puncturing the specific columns with high‐weight of that expanded‐PM, the derived nested PM achieves large girth and low row‐weight, which lead to low error propagation and low computational complexity under message passing‐based detector. Simulation results verified the above idea.
Test setup using DC metering approach for loss measurements of inductive components – principle, characterization, validation and application
Authors: Kohlhepp Benedikt , Kuebrich Daniel , Peller Stefan , Duerbaum Thomas
Published: June 2021

Accurate loss estimation of magnetic components is crucial for power electronics engineers. Unfortunately, loss predictions remain a quite challenging task, as these depend on many parameters and manufacturers typically do not deliver a sufficient database for precise loss estimations. Therefore, this paper revisits an approach allowing loss measurements. In contrast to the most common used approach using alternating current (AC) waveforms to gain information about the losses, this approach relies on measuring direct current (DC) voltage and current. After characterizing the experimental setup, air inductors serve as references to validate the approach. In a first step, the test setup is used to extract core losses with and without DC bias by designing a special device under test (DUT) featuring low winding loss. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that the test setup is also able to gain the overall losses of complete magnetic components by using the DC metering approach.
AC flashover dynamic theoretical and experimental model under fan‐shaped and longitudinal pollution on silicone rubber insulator
Authors: Ghayedi Morteza , Shariatinasab Reza , Mirzaie Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Due to wind and uneven distribution of the field along the insulator, a kind of non‐uniform contamination is deposited on the insulator surface as fan‐shaped and longitudinal pollution. This paper investigates such non‐uniform pollution from theoretical and experimental points of view. For this aim, the residual resistance of the pollution layer is formulated based on the geometry of fan‐shaped and longitudinal non‐uniform pollution. Also, the arc current is formulated using the arc Obenaus's equivalent circuit for a constant arc voltage in terms of arc length propagation. Finally, the AC dynamic theoretical model of pollution flashover is proposed that can estimate flashover parameters for different values of the fan‐shaped density degree (J), extension degree (K) and longitudinal non‐uniform pollution density degree (Z) considering instantaneous variables in arc progression. It results that with increasing Z, the flashover voltage increases, while by increasing the J and K, the flashover voltage decreases. To validate this model, the experimental tests are performed on the sample silicone rubber (SiR) insulator that show acceptable accuracy of theoretical model. Furthermore, based on experimental results, a new correction coefficient is proposed under fan‐shaped and longitudinal pollution that varies in the range of 0.85–1.62.
Spatial variation in the periods of ion and neutral waves in a solar magnetic arcade
Authors: Kuźma B. , Murawski K. , Musielak Z. E. , Poedts S. , Wójcik D.
Published: June 2021

Context.We present new insight into the propagation of ion magnetoacoustic and neutral acoustic waves in a magnetic arcade in the lower solar atmosphere.

Aims.By means of numerical simulations, we (a) study two-fluid waves propagating in a magnetic arcade embedded in the partially ionised, lower solar atmosphere and (b) investigate the effect of the background magnetic field configuration on the observed wave-periods.

Methods.We considered a 2D approximation of the gravitationally stratified and partially ionised lower solar atmosphere consisting of ion plus electron and neutral fluids that are coupled by ion-neutral collisions. In this model, the convection below the photosphere causes the excitation of ion magnetoacoustic-gravity and neutral acoustic-gravity waves.

Results.We find that in the solar photosphere, where ions and neutrals are strongly coupled by collisions, ion magnetoacoustic-gravity and neutral acoustic-gravity waves have periods ranging from 250 s to 350 s. In the chromosphere, where the collisional coupling is weak, the wave characteristics strongly depend on the magnetic field configuration. Above the footpoints of the considered arcade, the plasma is dominated by a vertical magnetic field along which ion magnetoacoustic-gravity waves propagate. These waves exhibit a broad range of periods, and the most prominent periods are 180 s, 220 s, and 300 s. Above the main loop of the solar arcade, where mostly horizontal magnetic field lines guide ion magnetoacoustic-gravity waves, the main spectral power reduces to the period of about 180 s, and no longer wave-periods exist.

Conclusions.In photospheric regions, ongoing solar granulation excites a broad spectrum of wave-periods that undergoes complex interactions: mode-coupling, refractions through the inhomogeneous atmosphere, real physical absorption, and conversion of wave power. We found that, in addition, the magnetic arcade configuration with a partially ionised plasma drastically changes the image of wave-periods observed in the upper layers of the chromosphere and corona. Our results agree with recent observational data.
The need for new techniques to identify the high-frequency MHD waves of an oscillating coronal loop
Authors: Allian Farhad , Jain Rekha
Published: June 2021

Context. Magnetic arcades in the solar atmosphere, or coronal loops, are common structures known to host magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and oscillations. Of particular interest are the observed properties of transverse loop oscillations, such as their frequency and mode of oscillation, which have received significant attention in recent years because of their seismological capability. Previous studies have relied on standard data analysis techniques, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet transform (WT), to correctly extract periodicities and identify the MHD modes. However, the ways in which these methods can lead to artefacts requires careful investigation.

Aims. We aim to assess whether these two common spectral analysis techniques in coronal seismology can successfully identify high-frequency waves from an oscillating coronal loop.

Methods. We examine extreme ultraviolet images of a coronal loop observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly in the 171 Å waveband on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We perform a spectral analysis of the loop waveform and compare our observation with a basic simulation.

Results. The spectral FFT and WT power of the observed loop waveform is found to reveal a significant signal with frequency ∼2.67 mHz superposed onto the dominant mode of oscillation of the loop (∼1.33 mHz), that is, the second harmonic of the loop. The simulated data show that the second harmonic is completely artificial even though both of these methods identify this mode as a real signal. This artificial harmonic, and several higher modes, are shown to arise owing to the periodic but non-uniform brightness of the loop. We further illustrate that the reconstruction of the ∼2.67 mHz component, particularly in the presence of noise, yields a false perception of oscillatory behaviour that does not otherwise exist. We suggest that additional techniques, such as a forward model of a 3D coronal arcade, are necessary to verify such high-frequency waves.

Conclusions. Our findings have significant implications for coronal seismology, as we highlight the dangers of attempting to identify high-frequency MHD wave modes using these standard data analysis techniques.
Study on air pollutant emission inventory of port operation machinery in container terminal
Authors: Li Mingjun , Yang Xiaowen , Li Yue , Zhang Liguo , Bao Zhiyuan , Zhang Yonglin , Cheng Jinxiang , Xu Honglei
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a calculation method system of air pollutant emission inventory of port operation machinery in container terminal is established. Through the special investigation of port machinery manufacturers and engine manufacturers, the average load rate data of main port machinery engines in domestic container terminals are obtained. Taking a domestic container terminal as an example, the dynamic method and fuel consumption method are used to calculate the air pollutant emission inventory of port operation machinery, and the calculation results of the two methods are compared and analyzed. The results show that the calculation method system of air pollutant emission inventory of port operation machinery established in this paper is highly practical, and the calculation results obtained by the two methods are very close.
Design of fuel system to meet China 6 emissions requirements in hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Qu Shenghua , Chen Yanlin
Published: June 2021

Based on the interpretation of GB 18352.6-2016 and combined with the author's actual development experience, the key design points and solutions of the three key problems of fuel system that meet China 6 emission regulations are described, Technical route selection of evaporative emission, definition of technical route of fuel tank and control strategy of tank pressure, evaporative emission control, etc..
Studied on the effect of refueling rate on fuel system refueling based on STAR-CCM+
Authors: Zhong Chongzhi , Dai Chunbei , Zhang Taiyu
Published: June 2021

A model of fuel system which is with ORVR is established based on STAR CCM +, to study the influence of different refueling velocity on the formation of liquid seal in refueling process. The simulation results show that the increase of refueling rate leads to the formation of liquid seal in the process of fuel flow, but it will lead to the deterioration of refueling smoothness. When the refueling rate is 15L/min, there is no liquid seal formed at the bottom of the refueling pipe, because of the small gas resistance formed in the refueling process, and when the refueling flow rate reaches 37L/min, a stable dynamic liquid seal can be formed at the bottom of the refueling pipe but the fuel accumulation at the refueling port has taken place. When the refueling flow rate reaches40L/min and 45L/min, a stable dynamic liquid seal is formed at the bottom of the refueling pipe at 4s, but until 4 seconds, fuel has been submerged in the refueling muzzle. At 10 seconds, the fuel accumulation state is the same as 5 seconds, indicating that the gun PSO had taken happened.
Research on cold start and new data evaluation method influence on RDE test for light-duty vehicles
Authors: Yan Feng , Xie Nan , Wang Yuwei , Li Jingyuan
Published: June 2021

The Real Driving Emission test (RDE) required in China 6 regulation (GB 18352.6-2016) followed the EU 6 regulation (EC 2016/646), where cold start is excluded in emission calculation. Since cold start is an important stage of pollutant formation, the European Union had developed further requirements for cold start in EU 6 regulation (EC 2017/1154 and EC 2018/1832), which created generation gaps between China 6 and EU 6 RDE test requirements. This work is based on real RDE tests on public road and repetition tests on Chassis dynamometer with relevant cold start requirements of EC 2017/1154 described and demonstrated, the data evaluation method difference between China 6 regulation including cold start and new requirements in EC 2018/1832 are compared, and the following cold start requirements of China 6 RDE regulation is discussed and proposed.
Effect of aging process on combustion and mechanical performance of nitroguanidine propellants
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Zhitao , Guo Hao , Liao Xin
Published: June 2021

The effect of different aging times (1 day, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days) on the combustion performance and mechanical properties of nitroguanidine propellants was studied.Through the mechanical properties test of impact and compression and closed bomb test of the prepared propellants, it was found that the relative steepness of the propellants aged for 3 days under normal and low temperature conditions was all less than 1;Under normal and low temperature conditions, the impact strength of propellants aged for 5 days was the largest;Propellants aged for 7 days had the highest compressive strength at low temperatures and propellants aged for 1 day had the highest compression rate at low temperatures.Comprehensive research results show that aging time of three days has a better improvement in the combustion performance and mechanical properties of the propellants.
Preparation and microwave properties of ZnTiNb2O8/SmTiNbO6composite dielectric ceramics
Authors: Lei Ke
Published: June 2021

In order to get a microwave dielectric ceramics having near zeroτƒ, different ratio of ZnTiNb2O8and SmTiNbO6powders are sintered together at different temperature. XRD and SEM of these composite ceramics are tested to analyze the composition. The microwave properties and density of the composite ceramics are measured in order to find the best ratio of ZnTiNb2O8and SmTiNbO6. For (1-x)ZnTiNb2O8-xSmTiNbO6ceramics, the ceramics have very good microwave properties(εr= 24.63, Q*ƒ=11846GHz,τƒ= 0.16ppm/℃) when x is 0.35.
Dossier « Politiques locales de l’énergie : un renouveau sous contraintes » – Potentialité et réalisations des politiques climatiques locales : vers l’institutionnalisation des plans climat territoriaux dans les villes moyennes françaises
Authors: Arnauld de Sartre Xavier , Baggioni Vincent , Bouisset Christine
Published: June 2021

Le recours à l’échelle locale pour mettre en œuvre des politiques climatiques se retrouve, en France, au travers des plans climat-air-énergie territoriaux (PCAET). Nous avons d’abord cherché à identifier, dans la bibliographie, ce qui est attendu de cet échelon scalaire et les grands leviers sur lesquels les collectivités peuvent agir. Puis, nous avons comparé ces possibles aux objectifs des PCAET de trois villes moyennes françaises dont les plans sont considérés comme particulièrement réussis, et mis en évidence que s’ils prennent en charge une diminution des consommations d’énergie et des actions de mobilisation des acteurs locaux, ils ne se saisissent que d’un seul des trois autres leviers à leur disposition (la production d’énergie, les infrastructures et la planification urbaine). Pour réussir leur mise en œuvre, ils cherchent à favoriser la transversalité dans leurs actions et à provoquer une dynamique par le recours à des labels.
Multispecific resistance of sheep trichostrongylids in Austria
Authors: Untersweg Florian , Ferner Viktoria , Wiedermann Sandra , Göller Marie , Hörl-Rannegger Marion , Kaiser Waltraud , Joachim Anja , Rinaldi Laura , Krücken Jürgen , Hinney Barbara
Published: June 2021

Anthelmintic overuse and failure to implement methods preventing the development and spread of anthelmintic resistance (AR) have led to an alarming increase of resistant ovine trichostrongylids worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the routine anthelmintic treatment strategy was effective, to obtain insights into the frequency of AR in trichostrongylids of sheep in Austria, and to determine the presence of different trichostrongylid genera. On 30 sheep farms, the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed with the Mini-FLOTAC technique in two consecutive studies. In study 1, only fenbendazole and moxidectin were tested, while different compounds and products were used in study 2. Overall, 33 treatment groups were formed: 11 groups were treated with benzimidazoles (fenbendazole and albendazole), 2 groups with avermectins (ivermectin, doramectin), 18 groups with moxidectin, and two groups with monepantel. Reduced efficacy was detected in 64%, 100%, 28% and 50% of these groups, respectively. The most frequently detected genus in larval cultures was Haemonchus, which had been barely detected in Austria previously, followed by Trichostrongylus. Multispecific resistance of trichostrongylids in Austria seems to be on the rise and H. contortus was detected unexpectedly frequently in comparison to previous studies. There is an urgent need to develop efficient communication strategies aimed at improving the engagement of farmers and veterinarians in sustainable parasite control.
The Influence of External Factors on the Development of Small and Medium Businesses in the Russian Federation
Authors: Baranova Inna , Vlasenko Maria
Published: June 2021

The development of small and medium-sized businesses, shaping the market structure of the economy, ensures the growth of production of goods and services, their saturation of the market, and solves a number of social problems. Under certain prerequisites, small and medium-sized businesses can become a driver of sustainable economic development and an increase in the “stratum” of the middle class, which predetermines its state support. Despite the importance of SMEs for the national economy, this sector of the economy remains the most vulnerable and subject to the influence of the external environment. For example, many small companies, which traditionally have weak immunity to negative market fluctuations, barely withstood the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of the study, an assessment of the influence of external factors on the volume of activities of small and medium-sized businesses in the Siberian Federal District was given, monitoring and timely response to changes in which will allow managing to provide timely support for small businesses.
Economic Growth as a Driver of Transformation of Russian State Economic and Social Policy
Authors: Ignatova Tatiana , Azhogina Natalia , Pavlyukova Antonina , Sroslak Grzegorz
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of sustainable development of Russia in the context of modern globalization processes and, based on a study of the factors of institutionalization of sustainable development, to propose directions of state policy to ensure it. The institutional methodology allowed the authors to study the genesis and development of the concept of sustainable development, as well as to highlight the structural features of Russian model of sustainable development. The logic of the article is focused on the analysis of the theory of sustainable development evolution, that made it possible to identify anomalies of Russian model and to develop public policy tools.
Developmental delays of healthcare in the digital economy
Authors: Merzlyakova Ekaterina , Ershova Irina , Bridskiy Evgeniy
Published: June 2021

Currently, the driver of the development of socio-economic systems is their digital transformation. Information and communication technologies have significantly simplified a number of organizational and operational processes of companies in all sectors of the economy. In healthcare, ICTs have found their way into improving communication solutions. However, in general, the digital transformation of this area is much broader, and current trends, problems and prospects for its activation require additional scientific research. The study outlines promising directions for the development of the healthcare sector, based on the introduction of artificial intelligence, robotics, 3D printing and other end-to-end digital technologies. The trends examined in the course of the study made it possible to speak not only about promising directions for the introduction of key digital technologies in the healthcare sector, but also about the presence of a number of limitations. In particular, the activation of these processes in Russia is hindered by gaps in patent law and licensing. The article identifies possible management and regulatory decisions to overcome the existing limitations. The research results can be used as a theoretical basis for managing the development of the healthcare sector in the digital economy.
Diagnostics of the Macroeconomic Environment on the Subject of Generation of Financial Risks
Authors: Panasyuk Arthur , Shatokhin Mikhail , Bulavina Maria , Dedusheva Lyubov
Published: June 2021

The study presents the results of diagnosing the macroeconomic environment for the generation of financial risks. The author substantiates the relevance and necessity of regular monitoring of macroeconomic indicators in terms of their impact on the volatility of the probability of systemic financial risks. The paper analyzes the main indicators of the functioning of the credit, foreign exchange, financial, money markets, as well as the basic characteristics of the state of the economic system of Russia. The performed diagnostics of the main indicators of the country’s financial system development makes it possible to form a comprehensive opinion on the intensity of the influence of the macroeconomic environment on the generation of financial risks..
Study of the relationship between the size of the minimum wage with the achieved socio-economic indicators
Authors: Omelchenko Irina , Dozortzev Oleg , Danilina Marina , Safonov Alexander
Published: June 2021

The authors of this article focused on another aspect of poverty and carried out regression analysis of the data influencing the formation of the minimum wage in the labour market in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The authors determined the fact of leveling the importance of the federal minimum wage as a tool to influence the level of economic development of regions and reduce poverty. Also, the performed regression analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of poverty and unemployment rates on the decline in real wages in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Thus, the analysis showed that the main factors influencing the establishment of the minimum wage in the region are the median wages, the gross regional product of the subject and the subsistence minimum of the TN. Fixed capital investments do not directly affect the level of minimum wages.
Human Capital in the Strategic Development of the Transport System of Russia. The Case of JSC Russian Railways
Authors: Baranova Nina M. , Loginova Daria S.
Published: June 2021

The transport system plays a significant part in the modern life. Tasks that arise in various sectors of the national economy can be solved quickly and efficiently thanks to well-functioning logistics. One of the largest transport companies in the world is JSC Russian Railways (JSC RZD), Russia. According to the results of 2019, the company ranked first in the world in terms of freight turnover (2.6 trillion tonne-kilometres), third in terms of cargo carriage volume (1.3 billion tons) and the miles open (85.6 thousand km), fourth in terms of passenger turnover (134.5 billion passenger-kilometres). It is obvious that such high indicators of the company were achieved thanks to a modern scientific and technical base, design and construction capacities, international cooperation, and, most importantly, highly qualified specialists at all levels. Positive human capital (HC) significantly affects the efficient use of all types of resources of the company, determines the competitiveness and the company value, its leadership in sustainable development. Therefore, the study of the human factor in the development of the transport system in Russia is relevant. The study was carried out using the annual reports of JSC Russian Railways from 2002 to 2019. The econometric (linear and exponential) models were built on the basis of statistical data. The linear model has been proven to provide more accurate predictions.
Priority technologies for the adoption of digitalised human resources management in hospitality industry
Authors: Romanov Maksim
Published: June 2021

The intensification of digital transformations in human resources management involves the creation of innovative products and service solutions that can improve the management efficiency and develop the information infrastructure. The article identifies and substantiates the priority tools and technologies for the adoption of digitalised human resource management in the hospitality industry and describes the complex of HR metrics made up by the author for the key areas of personnel processes in the hospitality businesses and including the following main metrics: HR automation, HR analytics, HR marketing, smart recruitment, and e-training. The author presents the system of indicators for the evaluation of functional units of the model of digitalised human resources management in the hospitality industry and evaluates the priority tools of digitalised human resources management in terms of the hospitality industry in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Krasnodar region.
A New Protocol for Catalytic Reduction of Alkyl Chlorides Using an Iridium/Bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine Catalyst and Triethylsilane
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Ryu Ilhyong , Hamada Yuki
Published: June 2021

The reduction of alkyl chlorides using triethylsilane is investigated. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and benzylic C–Cl bonds are effectively converted into C–H bonds using an [IrCl(cod)]2/2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine catalyst system. This catalyst system is quite simple since the tridentate N-ligand can be easily prepared in one step from commercially available reagents.
Cancer-Associated Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Cohen Omri , Caiano Lucia Maria , Tufano Antonella , Ageno Walter
Published: June 2021

Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), which includes portal, mesenteric, and splenic vein thrombosis and the Budd–Chiari syndrome, is an infrequent manifestation of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Like typical site VTE, SVT is also frequently associated with cancer, particularly intra-abdominal solid malignancies and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The clinical presentation of SVT is nonspecific. Symptoms may be related to the underlying malignancy, and thrombosis is incidentally diagnosed by imaging studies for cancer staging or follow-up in a substantial proportion of cases. The occurrence of SVT predicts worse prognosis in patients with liver or pancreatic cancer and, not uncommonly, SVT may precede the diagnosis of cancer. Therefore, the occurrence of an apparently unprovoked SVT should prompt careful patient evaluation for the presence of an underlying malignancy or MPN. Cancer patients carry a high risk of VTE extension and recurrence and long-term anticoagulant treatment is suggested in the absence of high risk of bleeding. Either LMWH or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are suggested for the treatment of patients with cancer-related SVT, although limited experience is available on the use of DOACs in these settings. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are suggested for the short and long-term treatment of SVT associated with MPN. This review outlines the epidemiological aspects, pathogenesis, risk factors, and diagnosis of cancer-associated SVT, and addresses questions regarding the management of this challenging condition.
Imaging Characteristics and Management of Infected Hepatic Hemangioma: Case-in Discussion
Authors: Ginting Karolin , Tailor Anisha , Braverman Timothy , Agarwal Ajay , Allamaneni Shyam
Published: June 2021

Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common type of benign liver tumors. We present a case of an infected hepatic hemangioma, which posed a diagnostic challenge. A 43-year-old female presented with right upper quadrant pain after blunt force trauma and intentional weight loss. CT and MRI were done, showing a posterior right lobe liver mass. Imaging characteristics were thought to be suggestive of metastatic disease, with a differential diagnosis of abscess. Drainage and biopsy of the mass revealed Streptococcus sp. infection, and pathology showed a cavernous hemangioma with inflammation. Patients presenting with systemic symptoms and an indeterminate liver mass on imaging should be evaluated for infected hepatic hemangiomas. Biopsy may be needed to rule out cancer. Management may include surgical resection; however, antibiotics and percutaneous drainage can suffice, as in this case.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19: An Interim Review
Authors: Behera Jyoti R. , Jain Mukesh Kumar , Sahu Sanjay K. , Patnaik Sibabratta
Published: June 2021

The pediatric population is relatively less affected by novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with adults, both in numbers and severity. However, evolution of a new entity, named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), has led to significant number of children being admitted to hospital, especially to intensive care units. Case definitions of MIS-C have been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) separately. Autoantibodies and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) are the key factors proposed in pathogenesis, leading to immune dysregulation, and cytokine storm. Three distinct clinical types are observed as follows: (1) fever and elevated inflammatory markers with no end-organ damage; (2) shock with severe myocardial dysfunction similar to toxic shock syndrome (TSS); and (3) with mucocutaneous features like Kawasaki's disease (KD). Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms are the predominant presentations. Inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and interleukin (IL)-6 are raised along with high D-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Echocardiography may demonstrate low left ventricular ejection fraction (<50%) and/or coronary aneurysms. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is usually negative, with most having antibodies against the virus. KD, KD shock syndrome (KDSS), and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) are the important differential diagnoses to be considered. Immunomodulatory therapy is the cornerstone of the management. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is preferred, the next option being steroids. Supportive care, antiplatelet, and anticoagulation medications, when indicated, are also vital aspects of treatment plan. The prognosis is favorable with low mortality but meticulous cardiac monitoring and follow-up by a multidisciplinary team is very important. Being an evolving disease, future research may reveal different manifestations, newer diagnostic modalities, and better treatment options.
Thrown off track? Adjustments of Asian business to shock events
Authors: Horn Sierk , Sekiguchi Tomoki , Weiss Matthias
Published: June 2021

The need for a better understanding of radical uncertainty might have never been greater. Ill-preparedness for natural hazards, a resurgence of serious public health concerns or illusions of control over unruly technology question the extent to which we can ‘really’ shape the world around us. Human-made crises, too, test how we routinely do things. We ask how organisations and actors within them prepare for a collapse of meaning and practise radical uncertainty. Given the breadth and depth of the region’s energy (and, as some would argue, turbulences), Asia provides a fitting context for exploring accommodation to and learning from low-probability, high-impact incidents. By reviewing the business and management research on shocks in Asia, we find that there is a strong human side to dealing with the unknown. We argue that what organisations and actors within them do prior, during and after a shock event is substantially contingent upon cultural environments. To elaborate, we discuss the role of the uncertainty avoidance dimension of national culture in dealing with shock events. We further combine this dimension with the universalism-particularism dimension to discuss future research directions. Our exploration of resultant differences in preparedness, resourcefulness and learning offers a more rounded inquiry into how Asian business actors deal with shocks.
A compact 4 GW pulse generator based on pulse forming network-Marx for high-power microwave application
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Shu Ting , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Zicheng , Li Wei , Li Da
Published: June 2021

A compact PFN (pulse forming network)-Marx generator, which is based on mica capacitors, is constructed to generate intense electron beams for the purpose of high-power microwave generation. The key components of the generator, including a PFN-Marx, a trigger source, a multi-stage gas switch, and a load, are introduced in this paper. The PFN-Marx is composed of 19 PFN modules, which are formed by four mica capacitors in parallel. The temperature characteristics and pulse characteristics are tested in this study. The mica capacitor is insensitive to the temperature, and its lifetime is tens of thousands. Considering the influence of the ultraviolet light pre-ionization, gas gap switches are assembled in a nylon house. The trigger source, which is a mini-Marx generator based on the integration into the magnetic transformer and the magnetic switch, is used for increasing the stability of the switches. The generator has been tested on a water load and a relative magnetron. The experimental results show that this generator can deliver electrical pulses with the pulse width of 120 ns and the amplitude of 400 kV on a 40-Ω water load at a repetition rate of 50 Hz. In addition, utilizing the generator to drive a Ku band magnetron at a voltage level of 330 kV, a 500 MW microwave pulse with the pulse width of 50 ns at the frequency of 14.4 GHz is obtained.
Chemical transformation of molecular ices containing N2O and C2D2 by low energy electrons: New chemical species of astronomical interest
Authors: Mirsaleh-Kohan Nasrin , Esmaili Sasan , Bass Andrew D. , Huels Michael A. , Sanche Leon
Published: June 2021

We have employed electron stimulated desorption (ESD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the chemical species generated from multilayer films of N2O, C2D2, and mixtures thereof (i.e., N2O/C2D2) by the impact of low energy electrons with energies between 30 and 70 eV. Our ESD results for pure films of N2O show the production of numerous fragment cations and anions, and of larger molecular ions, of sufficient kinetic energy to escape into vacuum, which are likely formed by ion–molecule scattering in the film. Ion–molecule scattering is also responsible for the production of cations from C2D2 films that contain as many as six or seven carbon atoms. Many of the same anions and cations desorb from N2O/C2D2 mixtures, as well as new species, which is the result of ion–molecule scattering in the film. Anion desorption signals further indicate the formation of C–N containing species within the irradiated films. XPS spectra of N1s, C1s, and O1s lines reveal the fragmentation of N–O bonds and gradual formation of molecules containing species containing O–C=O, C=O, and C–O functional groups. A comparison between ESD and XPS findings suggests that species observed in the ESD channel are primarily products of reactions taking place at the film–vacuum interface, while those observed in the XPS derive from reactions occurring within the solid.
Long distance optical transport of ultracold atoms: A compact setup using a Moiré lens
Authors: Unnikrishnan G. , Beulenkamp C. , Zhang D. , Zamarski K. P. , Landini M. , Nägerl H.-C.
Published: June 2021

We present a compact and robust setup to optically transport ultracold atoms over long distances. Using a focus-tunable moiré lens that has recently appeared in the market, we demonstrate transport of up to a distance of 465 mm. A transfer efficiency of 70% is achieved with a negligible temperature change at 11 μK. With its high thermal stability and low astigmatism, the moiré lens is superior to fluid-based varifocal lenses. It is much more compact and stable than a lens mounted on a linear translation stage, allowing for simplified experimental setups.
Investigation of UV filaments and their applications
Authors: Rastegari Ali , Diels Jean-Claude
Published: June 2021

UV laser pulses at 266 nm with 170 ps duration and up to 300 mJ energy create UV filaments. The effects of different beam preparation scenarios on UV filamentation are discussed. Beam preparation by focusing in vacuum and launching into the atmosphere through an aerodynamic window establishes the existence of filaments as self-guided non-diffracting entities. In addition, focusing through the aerodynamic window converts the initial super-Gaussian into a parabolic beam profile at the edge of the nonlinear medium (air). The shock-wave generated by the UV filament is investigated via shadowgraphy techniques. The shock-wave is cylindrically symmetric, leaving a low density channel behind, which is well-sustained for 1 ms, as it propagates outward. This low density channel is a waveguide that can be used for guiding purposes. Applications of UV filaments including guiding, remote sensing, and drag reduction for supersonic aircrafts are discussed.
Redox states of dinitrogen coordinated to a molybdenum atom
Authors: White Maria V. , Kirkland Justin K. , Vogiatzis Konstantinos D.
Published: June 2021

Chemical structures bearing a molybdenum atom have been suggested for the catalytic reduction of N2 at ambient conditions. Previous computational studies on gas-phase MoN and MoN2 species have focused only on neutral structures. Here, an ab initio electronic structure study on the redox states of small clusters composed of nitrogen and molybdenum is presented. The complete-active space self-consistent field method and its extension via second-order perturbative complement have been applied on [MoN]n and [MoN2]n species (n = 0, 1±, 2±). Three different coordination modes (end-on, side-on, and linear NMoN) have been considered for the triatomic [MoN2]n. Our results demonstrate that the reduced states of such systems lead to a greater degree of N2 activation, which can be the starting point of different reaction channels.
Wall-anchored semiflexible polymer under large amplitude oscillatory shear flow
Authors: Lamura Antonio , Winkler Roland G. , Gompper Gerhard
Published: June 2021

The properties of semiflexible polymers tethered by one end to an impenetrable wall and exposed to oscillatory shear flow are investigated by mesoscale simulations. A polymer, confined in two dimensions, is described by a linear bead-spring chain, and fluid interactions are incorporated by the Brownian multiparticle collision dynamics approach. At small strain, the polymers follow the applied flow field. However, at high strain, we find a strongly nonlinear response with major conformational changes. Polymers are stretched along the flow direction and exhibit U-shaped conformations while following the flow. As a consequence of confinement in the half-space, frequency doubling in the time-dependent polymer properties appears along the direction normal to the wall.