bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polarizing reply patterns in comment sections of a large German news outlet
Authors: Buder Jürgen , Anders Gerrit
Published: July 2024

Many studies suggest that social media users prefer information that aligns with their worldview (congeniality bias). However, while this bias has been shown for information consumption behaviour (selective exposure), it is unknown whether the preference for like-minded content also characterizes social media interactions in which users reply to previous comments (selective response). Recent work has provided evidence that users exhibit an uncongeniality bias – a preference to reply to attitudinally uncongenial comments – when the affordance to reply is given. By investigating two years of user activity on the comment sections of a large German online news outlet, the present work addresses the question of whether an uncongeniality bias can be found in the field. Here we show that participants in comment sections are more likely to reply to a comment the less this comment is liked in the community (uncongeniality bias); that disliked comments tend to receive replies that are liked by the community and vice versa (antagonism); and that votes on replies are more extreme than votes on original comments (polarization). These results suggest that social media behaviour is not always driven by congeniality. Instead, users in comment sections exhibit antagonistic behaviour, and this antagonism may contribute to societal polarization.
The Globalization and Ecological Footprint in European Countries:
Correlation or Causation?
Authors: Karimli Turan , Mirzaliyev Nihal , Guliyev Hasraddin
Published: July 2024

Exploring the influencing factors of the ecological footprint is a current focus. However, the impacts of globalization on the ecological footprint are inconclusive due to the complexity among variables. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of globalization on the ecological footprint in 35 European countries in 1970-2020. While conducting the research, causality, which goes beyond correlation, was emphasized, and the new panel noncausality test is employed. The results indicate that globalization is generally Granger-cause of the ecological footprint in European countries. Additionally, the individual causation test results also show a unidirectional causality from economic globalization to the ecological footprint, bidirectional causality between social globalization and the ecological footprint, and no causality exists between political globalization and the ecological footprint. In conclusion, this paper not only provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics between globalization and ecological footprints but also offers nuanced policy recommendations tailored to European countries. These recommendations are designed to guide them toward achieving long-term sustainability in the face of the intricate relationships between globalization and ecological footprints.
JEL Classification: Q57, F64, C23
From Public Debt to Government Equity: A new Perspective
Authors: Muzhani Marin
Published: July 2024

In a new monetary reality of the 21st century dominated by an economy pricing system with stable inflation, stable interest rate, low growth and low unemployment but high public debt, is recommended to explore new pathways to reduce government sovereign debt. This paper suggests a new perspective on how the Government Sovereign debt could be converted to Government Shareholder’s Equity. In fact, the new theory suggest that government issued-securities could help heavily indebted developing countries reduce the debt-to-GDP ratio by converting the debt-raising capacity to a hybrid debt-securities-raising capacity to translate the borrowed money into economic growth by trying to raise large funds to invest in infrastructure and elevate the level of household’s standard of living.
JEL classification: E00, E50, E60. E61, E62, E69, H00, H20, H54, H60, H61, H63 H69.
A Comprehensive Model for Exploring Unexplored Predictors of Fertility among Nigerian Women
Authors: Jabaru Saheed Olalekan , Yahya Waheed Babatunde , Jimoh Kamoru
Published: July 2024

This study investigated unexplored predictors of fertility in Nigeria, integrating them with established global predictors to create a comprehensive fertility model. The base model used traditional predictors, while subsequent models evaluated new ones. Insignificant predictors were excluded based on AICc values. The final model revealed significant regional variations in fertility rates. Women in the North-East, North-West, and South-East regions had higher Total Children Ever Born (TCEB) than those in the North-Central region, while women in the South-West had lower TCEB. Educational attainment inversely affected fertility, with higher TCEB among women with no, primary, and secondary education compared to those with higher education. Contraceptive methods significantly reduced TCEB, including female sterilization, injections, male condoms, and emergency contraception. Marital status and decision-making dynamics were crucial; married women, women living with their partner, and widows had higher TCEB than divorced women. Women whose healthcare decisions were made solely by their husband had significantly higher TCEB. Additionally, internet use and terminated pregnancies were associated with lower TCEB. These findings align with existing literature on fertility determinants in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting regional disparities and the impacts of education, contraceptive use, marital status, and decision-making dynamics. The results advocate for culturally sensitive, region-specific family planning interventions, promotion of female education, increased access to contraceptives, and strategies empowering women in decision-making. Enhanced family planning efforts through information technology and continuous program adaptation are essential for sustainable population growth in Nigeria.
Determining an optimal cut-off point for TikTok addiction using the TikTok Addiction Scale
Authors: Galanis Petros , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Moisoglou Ioannis , Konstantakopoulou Olympia
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE To identify an optimal cut-off point for the TikTok Addiction Scale (TTAS).
METHOD We performed a cross-sectional with a convenience sample. We collected our data in Greece during July 2024. We used a sample of TikTok users among the general population. We employed the Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis to identify an optimal cut-off point for the TTAS by using the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) as external criterions. We used the suggested cut-off points from the literature to develop dichotomous variables for BSMAS and PHQ-4.
RESULTS We found a significant predictive power of TTAS for social media addiction, anxiety, and depression. We found that the best cut-off point for the TTAS is 3.23 (p-value < 0.001, Youden’s index = 0.72). In that case, the area under the curve was 0.91 (95% confidence interval = 0.86 - 0.97). Sensitivity and specificity of the TTAS were 0.76 and 0.96 respectively. Thus, mean TTAS score ≥3.23 suggested TikTok use disorder, while mean score from 1.00 to 3.22 suggested healthy users. The positive predictive value of the TTAS was 0.61, while the negative predictive value 0.98.
CONCLUSIONS The best cut-off point for the TTAS was 3.23. TikTok users with mean TTAS score ≥3.23 should be further examined by mental health professionals. Further research should be conducted to validate our results.
SALIVARY BIOMARKERS OF DENTAL CARIES - A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Gupta Madhuri , Jaidka Shipra , Java Deepti , Deep Gupta Bhuvan , a Sujata , b Apurva
Published: July 2024

Saliva is the complex mixture of fluids that surrounds the oral tissues, secreted by the major and minor salivary glands1. Human saliva not only lubricates the oral tissues, making oral functions such as speaking, eating, and swallowing possible, but also protects teeth and oral mucosal surfaces in different ways. Dental caries is recognized as a multi-factorial infectious disease caused by complex interactions among acid-producing bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates and many host factors including saliva. Saliva is easy to collect, to store, and can be obtained at low cost in sufficient quantities for analysis by a non-invasive method. Thus it has the potential to be used in the early detection and diagnosis of various oral diseases due to the abundant biomarkers present in saliva. Saliva biomarkers such as salivary flow, salivary pH, salivary proteins, microorganisms etc, are used for the prediction, diagnosis, prognosis and management of dental caries, as well as for evaluating the outcome of therapeutic regimens. This article aims to providea brief overview of salivary biomarkers present which can be used for the early detection nd prevention of dental caries in humans.
PHYTOCHIMIE E.T ACTIVITE ANTALGIQUE DE ZANTHOXYLUM ZANTHOXYLOIDES (LAM.) WATERMAN (RUTACEAE) RECOLTE AU MALI
Authors:   Laboratoire de Chimieorganique et Substances Naturelles, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali., Cisse Salimatou , Ainin Somboro Aime ,   Laboratoire de Chimieorganique et Substances Naturelles, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali., Badiaga Mamadou ,   Laboratoire de Chimieorganique et Substances Naturelles, Institut des Sciences Appliquees, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali., Dembele Niaboula ,   Laboratoire de Chimieorganique et Substances Naturelles, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali., Traore Nah ,   Laboratoire de Chimieorganique et Substances Naturelles, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali., Chalard Pierre ,   Laboratoire des Heterocycles, des Glucides et Huiles Essentielles de la CESMA (Equipe Conception Et Synthese De Molecules Antalgiques, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie Clermont-Ferrand France.
Published: July 2024

Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloidesest une plantemedicinale de la famille des Rutaceae, largement utilisee en medecinetraditionnelle au Mali dans le traitement de nombreuses maladies dont la douleur.Lobjectif de letudeetaitdevaluerlactiviteantalgique des extraits (methanolique, acetate dethyle, butanolique et aqueux)des feuilles, tiges et racines de cette plante. Les constituants chimiques ont ete caracterises par les reactions en tube. Lactiviteantalgique des extraits a ete evaluee en utilisant le test de contorsion a travers la douleurinduite par lacideacetique chez des souris. Le screening phytochimique a montre la presence des coumarines, sterols, terpenes, alcaloides, mucilages, tanins et flavonoides. Les extraits methanoliques ont reduit le nombre de contorsionsinduits par lacideacetique avec la meilleure activite pour lextrait methanolique des racines avec 47.62Â±2.75 % de tauxdinhibition de la douleur. Les fractions obtenues a partir de cet extrait ont reduit aussi le nombre de contorsioninduit par lacideacetique avec une meilleure activite pour la fraction acetate dethyle avec 66.67Â±1.59 % de tauxdinhibition de la douleur comparable a celle de lacideacetylsalicylique (68.25Â±1.59 %). Lactiviteantalgique des extraits de Z. zanthoxyloidespourrait justifier son utilisationtraditionnellecontre la douleur. En perspective, nous envisageonsdapprofondir ces travaux pour identifier les composespouvanttrouver une application, notamment dans le traitement de la douleur.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY AS HISTORY: A READING ON PATHIKAYUM VAZHIYORATHE MANIDEEPANGALUM
Authors:   Assistant Professor of History, Sri.C Achutha Menon Govt. College, Thrissur, Kerala., Jacob Animol
Published: July 2024

Autobiography in the Indian context holds a special place as a source of historical understanding.Womens autobiographies are becoming increasingly important as source of self-perception as well as providing insights into gender relations, social structure, political and social change and so on. This paper critically examines the autobiography of Kochattil Kalyanikutty Amma, Pathikayum Vazhiyorathe Manideepangalum and throws light on the importance of autobiographies in recovering womens voices and experiences often excluded from traditional histories. It explores the role of a woman autobiography as a source of historical knowledge and how it helps in the reconstruction of feminity.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF 3MIXTATIN WITH MTA AND FORMOCRESOL FOR PULPOTOMY OF PRIMARY MOLARS: AN IN-VIVO STUDY
Authors: Venugopal Reddy N. , Crystal Erpula Gladys , Daneswari V. , Ajay Reddy M. , Jukanti Sadhana , G. Varalaxmi
Published: July 2024

Background- Preservation of pulp vitality is of utmost importance to the normal physiological functioning of tooth in situ and physiological process of exfoliation in a tooth affected by disease or trauma. Pulpotomy serves such a purpose using various medicaments applied directly on vital pulp. Aim- To compare and evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of 3Mixtatin with MTA and formocresol for pulpotomy of primary molars. Materials & Methodologyâ€“ Sixty primary molars were selected from 100 children aged between 5-9 years age who reported to Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. All selected primary teeth were randomly divided in to three groups with 20 each depending on the type of pulpotomy medicament (Group I - Formocresol, Group II - MTA, Group III -3mixtatin) used. The children were then examined clinically and radiographically at 6 and 12 months. Results & Observationâ€“ Overall clinical and radiographic success rate of three groups at 6 months and 12 months were Group I showed success rate of 91.7 percent ,81.7 percent Group II showed 100percent, 91.7percent Group III showed 95 percent,85 percent respectively. Conclusionâ€“ 3mixtatin can be considered as additional pulpotomy medicament in primary teeth because of its bio-compatible and bioinductive properties.
LOCALIZED JUVENILE SCLERODERMA IN ITS LINEAR FORM: A CASE STUDY
Authors:   Pediatrics Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco., Bebana A. , Ghanam A. ,   Pediatrics Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco., Ouali A. ,   Pediatrics Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco., Miry N. ,   Anatomopathology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco., Bennani A. ,   Anatomopathology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco., Babakhouya A. ,   Pediatrics Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco., Rkain M. ,   Pediatrics Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco.
Published: July 2024

Localized juvenile scleroderma is an autoimmune disease with an unknown cause, marked by skin fibrosis and sometimes involving the underlying fascia, muscles, and skeletal tissue. The diseases severity can vary from isolated skin hardening in one area to severe, disabling conditions affecting the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, and bones if diagnosis is delayed. Here, we present a case of localized juvenile scleroderma from the Pediatrics Department at Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Oujda.
Plan Colombia e Iniciativa Mérida: identificación de los resultados en la lucha contra el problema de las drogas
Authors: Devia Garzón Camilo Andrés , García Perilla Juan Carlos , Cabrera Jaimes Laura Sofía , Herrera Barrios Darlene Karina
Published: July 2024

Este documento pretende generar una aproximación comparada al Plan Colombia y a la Iniciativa Mérida desde el contexto como expresión especifica de las amenazas a la seguridad bajo las cuales se articularon ambos instrumentos; la evaluación de los resultados en cuanto a la lucha contra los cultivos ilícitos para el caso colombiano; y contra la violencia homicida y los grupos armados ilegales en México; y desde la consolidación social (Derechos Humanos). Ambas iniciativas tienen como punto de encuentro dificultades de implementación y el surgimiento de efectos negativos con la evaluación a mediado plazo principalmente generar la militarización de las problemáticas a la seguridad en detrimento de la dimensión social.
Naturaleza y fuerza vital compartida: cosmogonía en la afrodiáspora
Authors: Parra-Valencia Liliana , Guerrero Felix Miguel Sebastián , Rozo Lara Isabella
Published: July 2024

Se aborda la relación de las comunidades afrodiaspóricas con la naturaleza. Problematiza la explotación moderna/colonial y capitalista. Se basa en corrientes teóricas descoloniales, la biointeracción y las filosofías africanas. Sigue la metodología de revisión documental y el análisis cualitativo. Los ejes conversacionales se centran en las cosmogonías africanas como tejido de fuerzas cósmicas; la naturaleza como fuente de la medicina ancestral afrodiaspórica; el vínculo con el territorio y la relación naturaleza, cultura e identidad. Concluye con la invitación para aquellas psicologías que buscan ampliar y descolonizar sus marcos interpretativos.
El deber de la memoria y el perdón: desde las víctimas de desaparición forzada en Colombia
Authors: López Álvarez Solanyer , Serrano Mora Sandra Milena
Published: July 2024

Este artículo surgió a partir de las reflexiones acerca del deber de la memoria y el perdón, en mujeres víctimas de desaparición forzada, como alternativa para encontrar las pistas que seguimos buscando en torno a  la construcción de paz en Colombia. El enfoque metodológico fue fenomenológico-hermenéutico-narrativo; se trabajó con madres de jóvenes desaparecidos forzadamente en los municipios de Medellín y San Pablo, sur de Bolívar (Colombia). Se concluyó que el trabajo de memoria y perdón, se potencia desde los lazos colectivos de las víctimas, quienes entrecruzan a estas dos categorías, la verdad, el lugar del victimario y de sus imputaciones éticas y morales frente a los hechos.
Interaction of a Triruthenium ortho-Metallated Phenazine with Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
Authors: do Nascimento Luis Guilherme , Barbetta Maike , Chaves Otávio , de Oliveira Anderson , Nikolaou Sofia
Published: July 2024

The triruthenium ortho-metallated phenazine [Ru3O(CH3COO)5(py)2(dppzCl)]PF6 (1, py = pyridine; dppz-Cl = 7-chlorodipyrido[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]phenazine) is a potential metallo-drug candidate with in vitro anticancer and trypanosomicidal activities. It also showed strong interactions with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and human serum albumin due to the presence of the planar and π-conjugated phenazine in its structure. Pursuing our interest in compound 1 behavior in a biological environment, we described its interaction with the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes present in human liver microsomes through a preliminary in vitro metabolism assay. This study showed that the human liver microsomes metabolized compound 1 in a concentration dependent manner. A phenotyping study suggests that CYP3A is the primary enzyme involved in the interaction, even though other isoforms metabolized 1 in a minor extent. It is worth mentioning that the results of phenotyping using supersomes should be interpreted cautiously, taking into account the inhibitory effect of the surfactant employed. Blind molecular docking results agreed with the experimental trend, showing the highest interactive profile with the isoforms CYP3A4 and 3A5, and suggested hydrophobic, π-stacking, and hydrogen bonds as the primary intermolecular forces responsible for the protein-compound interaction.
Menjaga kelestarian koleksi bermuatan lokal melalui pengelolaan Muhammadiyah Corner di Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA
Authors: Jalinur Jalinur , Apriyanto Mifta , Marta Difa Artu , Afroda Helmi
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The Muhammadiyah Corner, a feature of the Muhammadiyah College Library, serves as a valuable resource for patrons. Its local content collection plays a vital role in promoting Islamic culture, history, and Muhammadiyah values. Effective preventive measures are needed to manage and preserve this collection. Hence, this study seeks to investigate the management of local content collections and their preventive measures in the Muhammadiyah Corner of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA library.Methodology. This research uses a qualitative case study approach, and case study data was collected from various relevant sources. Data collection methods include interviews, observation, and document analysis. This data analysis technique is data organization, reading, describe data into codes and themes, classifying data into codes and themes, interpret data, and present and visualize data.Results and discussion. This study revealed issues in managing Muhammadiyah Corner's local content at Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA library, namely collection management, the implementation of preventive measures, and policies and guidelines. Muhammadiyah Corner's local content can provide significant benefits in preserving intellectual heritage, building institutional identity, supporting research and learning, preventing library material damage, and developing relevant services for the entire academic community.Conclusions. This research indicates that Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA library has taken preventive steps regarding Muhammadiyah Corner's local content but needs to maximize these efforts to ensure the proper maintenance of Muhammadiyah Corner's muatan lokal and provide valuable information to library users, and crucial step in supporting the broad development of science.
Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Eksekutif dalam Memprediksi Penghindaran Pajak di Indonesia
Authors: Erika Lidwina , Carolina Verani
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to investigate whether certain company characteristics, such as firm size, leverage, liquidity, profitability, and executive traits, are connected to the tax avoidance strategies utilized by companies. This study utilizes a quantitative research method and examines secondary data from the years 2013 to 2022. The sample is chosen using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis is carried out using the panel data regression method in Eviews 12 software. The findings of the study indicate that firm size, leverage, profitability, and executive traits have an impact on tax avoidance, while liquidity does not significantly affect tax avoidance. The results of this research will help investors make decisions by evaluating companies known to engage in tax avoidance based on their size, leverage, profitability, and the characteristics of their executives. However, it is important to note that this research does not consider specific industry characteristics and cannot identify the tax avoidance tendencies within each industry. Hence, future research is recommended to include control variables for different industry groups.
Pengaruh Intensitas Aset Biologis, Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Kepemilikan Manajerial terhadap Pengungkapan Aset Biologis
Authors: Cantika Mona Ayu , Nurmayanti Poppy , Afifah Ulfa
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine the influence of the intensity of biological assets, profitability, company size, and managerial ownership on the disclosure of biological assets in agricultural companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2016-2021. Based on predetermined criteria using a purposive sampling technique, 42 companies were selected from a population of 130 companies. The results of the study indicate that the intensity of biological assets affects the disclosure of biological assets, but profitability, company size, and managerial ownership do not affect the disclosure of biological assets. Furthermore, the intensity of biological assets, profitability, company size, and managerial ownership did not affect the disclosure of biological assets before the implementation of PSAK 69, according to additional investigations. Then, after the implementation of PSAK 69, the disclosure of biological assets was influenced by the intensity of biological assets and profitability, but not by company size and managerial ownership. The limitation of this study is that it focuses only on four independent variables: the intensity of biological assets, profitability, company size, and managerial ownership. The results of this study indicate that there are additional factors that may influence the disclosure of biological assets.
Liberalismo e justiça social em Kant
Authors: PRESTES CARLOS DOMINGOS
Published: July 2024

O estudo analisa a filosofia de Kant com base em sua filosofia do direito. Ele mostra que Kant apesar de ser um liberal convicto na economia, ele não deixa de lado uma noção de justiça social em seu pensamento político. Tal noção de justiça social está fundamentada na autoridade do Estado, o qual na perspectiva liberal de Kant não pode ser reduzida no aspecto social.
Kantismo Consequente e Pandemias
Authors: Dall Agnol Darlei
Published: July 2024

Neste breve ensaio, defendo algumas reformulações da ética (filosofia moral) de Kant para fazer frente a algumas ameaças existenciais atuais. Em especial, procuro mostrar em que sentido uma ética kantiana não precisa ser radicalmente anticonsequencialista. Em outros termos, é possível construir uma ética kantiana consequente e, para ilustrar como ela pode funcionar na prática, discuto o problema da alocação de recursos escassos para salvar mais vidas em tempos de pandemias.
Decoding and Unravelling Mpox, Herpes, and Syphilis Infections: A State
of Art Review
Authors: Wang Jiao , Goyal Rajat , Gautam Rupesh K. , Garg Kajal , Husain Shaheen , Chopra Hitesh , Dubey Ankit Kumar , Rayan Rehab A. , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Mishra Dinesh Kumar , Gundamaraju Rohit , Shen Bairong , Singla Rajeev K.
Published: July 2024

As the world recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic, a resurgence in MPXV cases is
causing serious concern. The early clinical similarity of MPXV to common ailments like the flu
and cold, coupled with the resemblances of its progressing rash to other infections, underscores
the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis. Among the infections, smallpox is clinically
closest to MPXV, and rashes similar to MPXV stages also appear in syphilis and varicella zoster. A comprehensive review of MPXV, herpes, and syphilis was carried out, including structural and morphological features, origins, transmission modes, and computational studies. PubMed
literature search on MPXV, using MeSH key terms, yielded 1904 results, with the analysis revealing prominent links to sexually transmitted diseases. More in-depth exploration of MPXV,
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), and Syphilis revealed further disease interconnections and geographical correlations. These findings emphasize the need for a holistic understanding of these
interconnected infectious agents for better control and management.
Potential Target of CDK6 Signaling Pathway for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Basnet Rajesh , Amissah Obed Boadi , Bahadur Basnet Buddha , Huang Rongqi , Sun Yirong , de Dieu Habimana Jean , Li Zhiyuan
Published: July 2024

Background:

Cancer involves uncontrolled cell growth due to genetic mutations. Tumors
can form when CDK6, a gene essential for controlling cell growth, isn't working correctly.
Researchers are investigating drugs that inhibit CDK6; some of them appear promising. Nevertheless,
CDK6 is advantageous and harmful to cancer because it controls other cellular processes. By
inhibiting CDK6 and CDK4, CDK4/6 inhibitors offer a novel therapeutic strategy that stops cell
proliferation. The study investigates the function of CDK6 in cancer, the difficulties in targeting
CDK6, and possible remedies.

Objective:

Scientists have developed drugs designed to block CDK6 and prevent it from altering
other proteins. These drugs, also known as CDK6 inhibitors, help treat cancer. Finding the best
drugs for CDK6 is still tricky, though. The drugs' selectivity, potency, and cost are some difficulties.
These factors depend on CDK6's structure and interactions with other proteins. The structure
of CDK6 and how it influences its function and regulation are explained in this review. It also describes
CDK6's function in cancer and its interaction with other molecules and proteins, which is
crucial for cell division. This review also discusses the present and upcoming therapies that target
CDK6, as well as how CDK6 interacts with drugs that block it.

Conclusion:

This review presents the structure, current research, and overview of CDK6. It also
reviews the role of CDK6 in cancer, function, and regulation. Additionally, it explores its role in
cancer signaling networks and its interaction with CDK6 inhibitors. Lastly, it discusses the current
status and prospects of therapies targeting CDK6.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Sulfonium Triflates by Cu-Catalyzed Selective Sarylation with Aryl(mesityl)iodonium Salts
Authors: Yoto Yusuke , Hatagochi Ryo , Irie Yuto , Takenaga Naoko , Kumar Ravi , Dohi Toshifumi
Published: July 2024

Background:

An efficient method for synthesizing cyclic arylsulfonium salts has been
developed by selective aryl transfer to the sulfur atom from aryl(mesityl)iodonium triflates, a recyclable
series of diaryliodonium salts.

Methods:

The utilization of sulfonium salts as valuable intermediates is well-established, as they
exhibit high reactivity under conditions of heating or UV irradiation. However, their synthesis
typically involves the reaction of diarysulfoxide with acid anhydride, which requires the oxidation
of sulfur(II) to sulfoxide(IV) and thus limits the scope of synthesis. Hence, in this study, we employed
recyclable mesityliodonium(III) salts and copper catalysis.

Results:

The method was used to synthesize cyclic arylsulfonium salts without the need for preoxidation
of the sulfur atom, resulting in a facile and high-yield synthesis.

Conclusion:

The desired cyclic arylsulfonium salts were synthesized through selective transfer of
the aryl group from mesityliodonium salts, demonstrating the effectiveness of the new approach.
Current Challenges and Emerging Therapies in the Treatment of Gout
Authors: Sivaprakasam Shanthini , Natarajan Jawahar , Singh Jigyasa , Rajesh Monisha
Published: July 2024

Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by the deposition of
MSU in the joints and surrounding tissues, which results in inflammation and recurrent painful attacks.
Currently, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, i.e., Allopurinol and Febuxostat, are used in the therapy.
Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) containing metal oxides and non-metal oxides have also been
developed to better manage gout. This comprehensive review summarizes the pathophysiology of
gout, currently used drugs in the treatment, followed by emerging therapies for gout.
Preparation and In-Vitro Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Artemisinin and Curcumin
Authors: Khatri Bhagyashri , Thakkar Vaishali , Dalwadi Saloni , Shah Avani , Rana Hardik , Shah Purvi , Gandhi Tejal , Prajapati Bhupendra
Published: July 2024

Background:

Malaria remains a formidable public health obstacle across Africa, Southeast
Asia, and portions of South America, exacerbated by resistance to antimalarial medications,
such as artemisinin-based combinations. The combination of curcumin and artemisinin shows promise
due to its potential for dose reduction, reduced toxicity, synergistic effects, and suitability for
drug delivery improvement.

Objective:

This research aims to enhance the solubility and dissolution rates of curcumin and artemisinin
by employing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs). Oral delivery of both drugs faces challenges
due to their poor water solubility, inefficient absorption, and rapid metabolism and elimination.

Methods:

The study focuses on formulating and optimizing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) encapsulating
artemisinin (ART) and curcumin (CUR). SLNs were developed using the hot homogenization
method, incorporating ultrasonication. Drug-excipient compatibility was evaluated using Differential
Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Lipid and surfactant screening was performed to select suitable
components. A 3² full factorial design was utilized to investigate the influence of lipid and surfactant
concentrations on key parameters, such as entrapment efficiency (%EE) and cumulative drug
release (%CDR). Additionally, evaluations of %EE, drug loading, particle size, zeta potential, and
in-vitro drug release were conducted.

Results:

Successful development of artemisinin and curcumin SLNs was achieved using a full factorial
design, demonstrating controlled drug release and high entrapment efficiency. The optimized
nanoparticles exhibited a size of 114.7nm, uniformity (PDI: 0.261), and a zeta potential of -9.24
mV. Artemisinin and curcumin showed %EE values of 79.1% and 74.5%, respectively, with cumulative
drug release of 85.1% and 80.9%, respectively. The full factorial design indicated that increased
lipid concentration improved %EE, while higher surfactant concentration enhanced drug release
and %EE. Stability studies of the optimized batch revealed no alterations in physical or chemical
characteristics.

Conclusion:

The study successfully developed Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for artemisinin
and curcumin, achieving controlled drug release, high entrapment efficiency, and desired particle
size and uniformity. This advancement holds promise for enhancing drug delivery of herbal formulations.
Analysis of Elastic Buckling and Static Bending Properties of Smart Functionally Graded Porous Beam
Authors: Vikrant Rohit , Sarangi Saroj Kumar
Published: July 2024

Background:

A Smart Functionally Graded (SFG) porous beam is a Functionally Graded (FG) Porous beam consisting of a piezo-electric layer integrated on the top layer.

Aim:

This research work addresses the lack of information by examining the bending as well as
elastic buckling performance of SFG beams having two distinct Porosity Distributions (PDs). The
main purpose of this research work is to study and analyze the bending deflections as well as CBLs
of SFG beams with two different PDs, considering various boundary conditions, voltage levels
(20V and 100V), and changes in slenderness ratio.

Objective:

The objectives of this work are as follows: to analyze the impact of variations in voltage
levels and slenderness ratios on the critical buckling and bending properties of the SFG beam and to
showcase the effect of variation in the slenderness ratio on the dimensionless normal stress through
the thickness of the Hinge-Hinge beam.

Method:

The research work analyzes the elastic buckling as well as static bending of Smart Functionally Graded (SFG) porous beams, considering the equations derived from the Timoshenko
beam theory. To simulate the results and analyze the various effects, the ANSYS software has been
utilized in this paper.

Results:

This research work examines how the slenderness ratio impacts the maximum deflection,
CBL, along with stress distribution. Experimental data demonstrates that as the slenderness ratio
increases, CBL reduces, and maximum deflections in SFG porous beams increase. Also, it has been
observed that normal stress distribution shifts from linear to non-linear and changes significantly.
Further, the PDs significantly affect the static bending as well as the buckling performance of the
beam. The symmetric distribution pattern provides superior buckling capability and enhanced bending resistance compared to the unsymmetric distribution pattern. Additionally, it has been found
that as the voltage across the SFG increases, the buckling load increases and the deflection of the
beam decreases.

Conclusion:

This research work has analyzed the effects of slenderness ratio and voltage level on
the Critical Buckling Load (CBL) and bending properties of SFG porous beams, considering four
different boundary conditions and a fixed set of parameters. The key findings of this paper are that
as the slenderness ratio increases, the CBL decreases, and distribution shifts from linear to nonlinear region. Changes are significant, whereas maximum deflection increases. A significant effect is
observed in the performance of static bending and buckling of SFG beams. It has been investigated
that with an increase in voltage across the SFG beam, the buckling load increases, whereas the
maximum deflection of the beam decreases.
An Overview of Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Cardiovascular Diseases
Application
Authors: Kumar Tanishka , Mohanta Monalisha , Jaiswal Sandeep , Mohanta Paramjeet , Arunachalam Thirugnanam , King Abhishek
Published: July 2024

Progress in nanotechnology and immunotherapy has facilitated the development of drugloaded nanocarriers through encapsulation techniques that are aimed at treating cardiovascular disease (CVD). While these drug delivery systems have exhibited promising outcomes, several clinical
limitations necessitate identification and resolution. This overview emphasizes novel drug delivery
systems, particularly ghost stents, mesenchymal extracellular vesicles, microbubble therapy, and
aptamers, tailored for CVD management. Moreover, we explore the drug release kinetics associated
with these systems to discern their release profiles in human blood, operating on specific stimuli to
maintain stable plasma drug concentrations. Presently, advanced drug delivery modalities such as
polymeric nanoparticles, natural metallic nanoparticles, aptamers, microbubbles, exosomes, polymeric micelles, and drug-eluting stents are employed in CVD treatment. These systems effectively
circumvent immune responses and enhance the quality of life for patients with cardiovascular disorders, thereby improving patient adherence and treatment efficacy. The described systems offer a
promising avenue for drug delivery, presenting a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of current
therapies.
COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness on the Severity of Disease: A
Case-control Study in Southeastern Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Mohsen , Golpayegani Abdolali , Mohammadi Fatemeh Doost , Majidpour Fatemeh , Dianati-Nasab Mostafa , Bahrami Abdolreza , Hesari Elahe , Dargahpour Maryam , Jalali Parisa
Published: July 2024

Background:

Considering the importance of the effectiveness of vaccination in terms of
reducing the severity of COVID-19 and mortality, knowledge of the effect of the vaccine on the severity of COVID-19 in communities is essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate
the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on the severity of COVID-19 in southeastern Iran (Bam region).

Methods:

A case-control study of a total of 2,082 adults aged >18 years was conducted to evaluate
the association between hospitalization due to COVID-19 and previous vaccination with existing
vaccines (including Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, and CovIran Barkat) in the country. Multinomial logistic regression was used, and relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were
calculated

Results:

After controlling for potential confounders, multinomial logistic regression revealed that
COVID-19 vaccination reduced the likelihood of hospitalization for males and females in temporary
wards (RRmen=0.22 vs. RRwomen=0.34), general wards (RRmen=0.25 vs RRwomen=0.31), and
intensive care units (RRmen=0.47 vs RRwomen=0.77) (p < 0.001). The relative risk of hospitalization in all wards decreased for men and women who received Sinopharm or AstraZeneca and for
women who received the Barkat vaccine, but only a significant difference was detected in the reduction in patients who received the Sinopharm vaccine (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The results showed that vaccination is related to reducing the severity of the disease in
the hospital. Therefore, efforts to increase the vaccinated population can reduce the severity of
COVID-19 and might reduce the need for intensive care in hospitals.
Assessing the Effect of Temperature on Nutrient Retention in Canistel Fruit (Pouteria campechiana) and Coconut Milk Formulation
Authors: Kariyawasam Kalmee Pramoda , Theja Herath Herath Mudiyanselage , Gunasekara Nisala , Jayawardana Thalawaththe Muhandiramlage Dilini Ayesha , Pushpakumara Supurna
Published: July 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to develop innovative fruit-based beverages from underutilized but
widely available Canistel fruit around tropical regions and determine its nutrient stability at different
temperature treatments.

Background:

Canistel Fruit (Pouteria campechiana) is an underutilized nutritious tropical
fruit containing Vitamin A and complex carbohydrates with high potentiality. Hence, the present
study focused on a novel Canistel fruit (Pouteria campechiana)-based beverage.

Methods:

The higher starchiness of fruit pulp was remedied through α-amylase enzyme treatment.
The base formula was prepared with fruit pulp and coconut milk (at ratios of 1:2, 2:3, 1:1), followed
by incorporating sugar and stabilizers. The two-way preservation techniques of pasteurization
(85oC, 15 min) and sterilizing techniques (121oC, 15 min) were used. Sensory acceptance by a
trained panel from each formula of beverages, i.e., fruit pulp: coconut milk at ratios of 2:3 from
each technique, was analyzed for physical and nutritional properties, fatty acid composition, and
antioxidants.

Results:

A significant difference (p<0.05) was found among two-way processing techniques for the
pH, oBrix, viscosity, and titratable acidity, as well as total sugars, crude protein, and crude fibre.
The predominant fatty acid in both beverages was lauric acid. Vitamin A contents (mg/kg) were
0.3±0. and 0.2±0.01, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study showed Canistel fruit as a viable source for upgrading nutritional status
when paired with coconut milk and other ingredients, and both processing techniques retained vitamin
A, which fulfilled 8 – 10 % of the daily requirement by 200 ml of beverage.
Obsolescencia y arte: el lienzo y el TRC
Authors: Valenzuela Miguel
Published: July 2024

Este artículo propone que la relación entre obsolescencia y arte es parte integral de la forma en que conceptualizamos el arte y los movimientos artísticos. Analiza la necesidad de reconceptualizar el uso de la tecnología del tubo de rayos catódicos (TRC) de la televisión en el arte en la era digital actual debido a la forma en que la obsolescencia ha permitido un cambio de significado a lo largo de dos eras tecnológicas distintas. A través de un análisis del flujo televisivo y la conceptualización de las manifestaciones físicas de la televisión y la cultura de la pantalla, el artículo sostiene que la categoría de obsoleto puede afectar o cambiar la forma en que se entiende o consume el arte. La importancia de esta observación se relaciona con las teorías del valor de uso, la percepción y el diseño en el arte y la cultura cinematográfica.
Síntesis histórica del reclutamiento en el Ejército Nacional de Colombia (1519-2019)
Authors: Cristancho-Acosta Marcos Andrés , Altamar-Laiseca Gustavo Ernesto
Published: July 2024

Este capítulo describe el reclutamiento militar en Colombia, desde la recluta en España en el siglo XIII, hasta 2019, claro está sin la pretensión de exhaustividad, aunque abarcando cuatro ejes temáticos: 1) antecedentes del reclutamiento en el Ejército Nacional de Colombia, Conquista-Independencia (1519-1819), que parte del reclutamiento de levas en España para su destino a América; 2) conformación de la recluta desde la Independencia hasta la Constitución Política de 1886 en la que se advierten visos de derechos humanos; 3) recluta-miento a partir de la Constitución Política de 1991, y 4) pros y contras del reclutamiento en el marco contemporáneo y objeciones de los jóvenes para evadir el servicio militar obligatorio. Se concluye que no existen razones valederas para evadirlo, salvo en casos excepcionales que señala la Ley 48 de 1993.
A TESCO Magyarország fenntarthatósági és közösségi tevékenysége menedzsment összefüggésének vizsgálata
Authors: Tessényi Judit , Katona Norbert
Published: July 2024

In their fifth sustainability management case study, the authors examine the focus, organizational processes, and operation of TESCO's responsibility and community activities in Hungary. On the one hand they executed analyses of publicly available company reports and internal documents, while on the other hand, they conducted semi-structured interviews with internal and external experts who play a key role in the added CSR activities. In addition to the descriptive presentation of the activities, the authors' work points out that there are many crutial organizational conditions for the effective management of organizational processes related to sustainability and communities, furthermore they highligted the possibilities and limitations of involving external parties and service providers, as well. The value of the case study is enhanced by the fact that no comprehensive case study presenting the sustainability activities of the leading domestic food retail companies has been published recently.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: A13, D6, F6, M14, M19, M38
Assessing ChatGPT’s Competency in Addressing Interdisciplinary Inquiries on Chatbot Uses in Sports Rehabilitation: Simulation Study
Authors: McBee Joseph C , Han Daniel Y , Liu Li , Ma Leah , Adjeroh Donald A , Xu Dong , Hu Gangqing
Published: July 2024

Background

ChatGPT showcases exceptional conversational capabilities and extensive cross-disciplinary knowledge. In addition, it can perform multiple roles in a single chat session. This unique multirole-playing feature positions ChatGPT as a promising tool for exploring interdisciplinary subjects.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate ChatGPT’s competency in addressing interdisciplinary inquiries based on a case study exploring the opportunities and challenges of chatbot uses in sports rehabilitation.

Methods

We developed a model termed PanelGPT to assess ChatGPT’s competency in addressing interdisciplinary topics through simulated panel discussions. Taking chatbot uses in sports rehabilitation as an example of an interdisciplinary topic, we prompted ChatGPT through PanelGPT to role-play a physiotherapist, psychologist, nutritionist, artificial intelligence expert, and athlete in a simulated panel discussion. During the simulation, we posed questions to the panel while ChatGPT acted as both the panelists for responses and the moderator for steering the discussion. We performed the simulation using ChatGPT-4 and evaluated the responses by referring to the literature and our human expertise.

Results

By tackling questions related to chatbot uses in sports rehabilitation with respect to patient education, physiotherapy, physiology, nutrition, and ethical considerations, responses from the ChatGPT-simulated panel discussion reasonably pointed to various benefits such as 24/7 support, personalized advice, automated tracking, and reminders. ChatGPT also correctly emphasized the importance of patient education, and identified challenges such as limited interaction modes, inaccuracies in emotion-related advice, assurance of data privacy and security, transparency in data handling, and fairness in model training. It also stressed that chatbots are to assist as a copilot, not to replace human health care professionals in the rehabilitation process.

Conclusions

ChatGPT exhibits strong competency in addressing interdisciplinary inquiry by simulating multiple experts from complementary backgrounds, with significant implications in assisting medical education.