bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for Indigenous Representation, Participation and Consultation in Constitutional Systems: International Examples to Inspire Chile
Authors: Morris Shireen
Published: December 2021

Indigenous peoples in Chile have suffered dispossession and discrimination by colonizing forces, like many Indigenous peoples globally, and did not have a fair say in the development of successive constitutions establishing new political systems on their land. In the October 2020 referendum, Chileans voted to create a new constitution. This presents an opportunity for Indigenous peoples to create a fairer power relationship with the Chilean state. For the first time, the constitutional convention includes a specific quota for 17 Indigenous representatives. This will enable Indigenous peoples to contribute to the constitutional design process. This report presents comparative examples of self-determinative institutional mechanisms that empower Indigenous peoples to be heard by and influence decision making in state institutions. The focus of the paper is on options for institutional structures that enable Indigenous representation, participation and consultation with respect to Indigenous peoples’ own affairs.
Evaluation of the effect of birth type on blood gas and Apgar scores in newborn kids
Authors: AKKUŞ Tuğra , KORKMAZ Ömer , EMRE Birten , ZONTURLU Abuzer K. , POLAT DİNÇER Pelin Fatoş , YAPRAKCI Ömer
Published: December 2021

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of eutocia and dystocia on blood gas and Apgar scores in Aleppo goat kids. A total of 40 kids were used in the study. Kids were divided into 2 groups according to the type of birth. The first group of the study (Group 1, n=20) consisted of kids born as a result of eutocia, and the second group of the study (Group 2, n=20) was formed as a result of dystocia. Apgar scores (appearance, pulse, grimace, attitude, respiration) were evaluated at 0, 5, and 15 minutes postpartum from kids in both study groups, and blood samples were taken from blood gas injectors and blood gas profiles (pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3) were obtained. The obtained data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney-U and Friedman post-hoc bonferroni. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships between measurements. A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in the Apgar score at 0, 5 and 15 minutes and in the blood gas measurements of pH, pO2, pCO2, and HCO3 at 0, 5 and 15 minutes (p
Empoderamiento, agua y mujeres: el caso de Francisco Sarabia, Chiapas, México
Authors: Romero García Mayra , Evangelista García Angélica Aremy , Estrada Lugo Erin Ingrid Jane
Published: December 2021

Este artículo presenta los factores que dificultaron el empoderamiento de las mujeres de Francisco Sarabia, Chiapas, en el marco de las actividades de comercialización de agua embotellada para uso doméstico del proyecto NuestrAgua Franquicia Social (NAFS) de la Fundación Cántaro Azul. A partir de una metodología interpretativa con diez entrevistas semiestructuradas, cuatro dirigidas a mujeres participantes del programa de NAFS, dos a sus familiares, y cuatro al personal operativo y directivo del programa. Los resultados muestran que los valores asignados al agua por parte de las mujeres de NAFS, la Fundación Cántaro Azul y las autoridades locales, no son compartidos. Las divergencias e incluso conflictos en torno al uso del agua generan tensiones y desencuentros entre las mujeres y la localidad, constituyendo el principal obstáculo para su empoderamiento por medio de la participación en la gestión local del agua.
Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan [Arabic]
Authors: Kawar Mary
Published: December 2021

This paper examines gender and age differences in the labor supply of households in Jordan, and the impact of young women’s employment on gender and generation relations. The objective of the study is to address the issues of gender and generation as factors influencing accessibility to labor markets, and to provide a broader understanding of female employment by exploring age-related factors. Empirically, the study looks at the disproportionate workforce participation of young urban single women in Amman, Jordan, and argues that this generation of working women is evidence of a new stage in the lives of Jordanian women: single employed adulthood. It looks at a specific “time” in the social and economic lives of households and individuals. Within this context, the paper constructs a profile of employment characteristics of adult household members to explore the intersecting influences of age and gender and the specific positions of young women. It then addresses how normative gender and generation hierarchies within households respond to these phenomena of young women’s work, their prolonged single status, and their expanding horizons.
Warum wir so wenig über die Sprachen in Deutschland wissen. Spracheinstellungen als Erkenntnisbarriere
Authors: Adler Astrid , Ribeiro Silveira Maria
Published: December 2021

Bislang gibt es keine akkuraten, repräsentativen Statistiken dazu, welche Sprachen in Deutschland gesprochen werden. Zwar wird in verschiedenen Erhebungen nach Muttersprachen oder nach zuhause gesprochenen Sprachen gefragt; aufgrund einiger Mängel im Erhebungsdesign bilden die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Erhebungen jedoch die sprachliche Realität der in Deutschland lebenden Bevölkerung nicht angemessen ab. Im Beitrag wird anhand von drei Erhebungen gezeigt, dass bereits die Instrumente zur Erhebung von Sprache von Spracheinstellungen geprägt sind und dass dadurch die Gültigkeit der Ergebnisse stark eingeschränkt wird. Diese Mängel gelten für Sprachstatistiken im Hinblick auf die gesamte Bevölkerung Deutschlands – Kinder und Jugendliche eingeschlossen.
Svallfors, Stefan (2020). Politics for Hire. The World and Work of Policy Professionals. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN: 978 1 80037 518 5. 160 pp.
Authors: Fobé Ellen
Published: December 2021

Ellen Fobé vom Public-Governance-Institut der Katholischen Universität Leuven in Belgien diskutiert in dieser Rezension den Beitrag von Stefan Svallfors Buch mit dem Titel “Politics for Hire. The world and work of policy professionals”. Die Rezensentin erklärt, wie es Svallfors gelingt, die faszinierende, aber oft unsichtbare Welt der politischen Berater*innen zu enträtseln. Svallfors identifiziert Merkmale, die diese Akteur*innen länderübergreifend miteinander verbinden. Er untersucht die beruflichen Aktivitäten dieser vielfältigen Gruppe und erforscht auch ihre persönlichen Bestrebungen und Ansichten über Politik und Demokratie. So bietet er seinen Leser*innen einen Einblick in die Blackbox der Politikprofis. Seine umfassende Analyse führt Svallfors zu dem Schluss, dass Politikberater*innen die repräsentative Demokratie sowohl untergraben als auch beleben. Seine Argumentation ist fundiert, weil sie auf einer wirklich vergleichenden Perspektive beruht. Das ist bisher nur wenigen Arbeiten auf diesem Gebiet gelungen.
Vigoda-Gadot, Eran, & Vashdi, R. Dana (Eds.) (2020). Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration, Management and Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Authors: Tepe Markus
Published: December 2021

The “Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration, Management and Policy”, edited by Eran Vigoda-Gadot and Dana R. Vashdi and published by Edward Elgar in 2020, offers researchers, students, and practitioners a comprehensive and application-oriented insight into established and newer research designs and analytical methods in empirical administrative science. With this approach, the handbook fills a gap in the existing literature on methods in administrative science. The handbook chapters follow a two-part structure, in which the respective method is, first, presented and discussed theoretically and conceptually. The second part of the chapter provides an example of how the specific research design or method is applied to an administrative science research question. Therefore, the handbook can be used both in methods courses and as an aid for doctoral students who want to familiarize themselves with current and innovative methods in empirical administrative science in a short time.
Kuhlmann, Sabine, Proeller, Isabella, Schimanke, Dieter &) Ziekow, Jan (Eds.) (2020). Public Administration in Germany. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. Hardcover &) open access, 416 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-030-53696-1 ISBN 978-3-030-53697-8 (eBook); https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8.
Authors: Klenk Tanja
Published: December 2021

The book “Public Administration in Germany” provides an encompassing overview about both the historical foundations and the basic principles of the ‘German Model’ of Public Administration. Furthermore, readers learn about the most recent challenges of this model, e.g., a severe backlog with respect to digitalization of public administration and public service provision. The editors have provided a well-coordinated compilation of 22 chapters written by 31 authors. The book addresses the international community of Public Administration scholars: it can be recommended for practitioners, researchers and, in particular, for lecturers teaching Public Administration in Germany in an international context. It is a valuable source for everyone who wants to understand why this model was – and still is – highly influential for the development of Public Administration in the Western sphere.
Degree Mobility in the Higher Education Context: Could the English Language be a Key Driver of Internationalisation?
Authors: TOPRAK YILDIZ Tuğba Elif
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, as higher education institutions strive for gaining reputation and increasing their visibility, the notion of internationalisation within the higher education systems continues to attract increasing attention. In particular, the influence of internationalisation on the linguistic landscape of European higher education appears to be far-reaching. Whereas the European Union policies have backed up the idea of multilingualism, the ambition of higher education institutions to draw more accomplished students has boosted the status of English as the lingua franca and medium of instruction. In a similar vein, literature on internationalisation has linked internationalisation to greater degree and credit mobility and extensive use of English as the medium of instruction. Competitiveness in the academic market, in particular, might have caused a considerable number of higher education institutions to associate the notion of internationalisation with Englishisation. While these pressures cement the position of English as the medium of instruction and scholarly activities, this article examines the possible relationships among internationalisation, degree mobility, Englishisation, and language policies in the light of the OECD 2019 and 2020 data. The article also considers several crucial implications for internationalisation that have become increasingly relevant especially during the Covid-19 pandemic period.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yaşadıkları Sosyo-Ekonomik Sorunlar Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: DOĞAN Hüseyin , AKÇALI Gökçe
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşadıkları sosyo-ekonomik sorunların boyutu ve sosyal yardımlara erişim biçiminin tespit edilmesidir. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Erzurum, Van, Muş, Batman, Gümüşhane, Bitlis, Konya illerine bağlı 10 üniversitede öğrenimine devam eden 1326 ön lisans, lisans, yüksek lisans, doktora öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Google Form üzerinden yapılan araştırmaya 984 (%74.2) kadın, 342 (%25.8) erkek öğrenci katılmıştır. Ölçme aracını araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan anket formu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında öğrencilerin demografik bilgileri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak ki-kare, bağımsız örneklem t testi, ANOVA, frekans gibi analizler yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, kadınların erkeklere nazaran ekonomik anlamda daha çok zorluk yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Ayrıca üniversiteye yeni gelen öğrencilerin bir üst sınıftaki öğrencilere göre daha fazla zorlandıkları ve maddi açıdan zorlanma düzeyi artan öğrencilerin üniversitede bir işte çalışmaya başladıkları belirlenmiştir. Sağlıklı bir toplumun inşasında etkin bir rol alan bu grubun üniversite döneminde aileden uzaklaşmaya bağlı olarak yaşadıkları ekonomik sorunların boyutunun tespit edilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca üniversite öğrencilerinin bu mevcut sorunlarının toplumsal gelişim bağlamında irdelenmesinin iyileştirme sürecinde geliştirilecek politikalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Research on Digital Twin and Collaborative Cloud and Edge Computing Applied in Operations and Maintenance in Wind Turbines of Wind Power Farm
Authors: Li Fuxing , Li Luxi , Peng You
Published: December 2021

For the increasingly prominent problems of wind turbine maintenance, using edge cloud collaboration technology to construct wind farm equipment operation and maintenance framework is proposed, digital twin is used for fault prediction and diagnosis. Framework consists of data source layer, edge computing node layer, public or private cloud. Data source layer solves acquisition and transmission of wind turbine operation and maintenance data, edge computing node layer is responsible for on-site data cloud computing, storage and data transmission to cloud computing layer, receiving cloud computing results, device driving and control. The cloud computing layer completes the big data calculation and storage from wind farm, except that, based on real-time data records, continuous simulation and optimization, correct failure prediction mode, expert database and its prediction software, and edge node interaction and shared intelligence. The research explains that wind turbine uses digital twin to do fault prediction and diagnosis model, condition assessment, feature analysis and diagnosis, life prediction, combining with the probabilistic digital twin model to make the maintenance plan and decision-making method.
Rollover of Liquid Natural Gas in a Storage Tank: A Numerical Simulation
Authors: Lu Yinbin , Liang Chenwei
Published: December 2021

In the filling and transportation processes of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the safety of LNG storage tanks is compromised because of rollover phenomenon. As such, the rollover factors of LNG in a storage tank should be identified to prevent or weaken the rollover intensity of LNG. In this study, the rollover behavior of LNG in a storage tank is numerically simulated. The density of the two layers in a LNG storage tank is related to temperature in our numerical model. It is found that the greater the significant initial density difference (range of 1-12 kg·m-3) is, the more obvious the LNG rollover will be. A density difference of 7.5 kg·m-3 is found as the critical density difference in the present work. When the initial density difference exceeds the critical density difference, the LNG rollover coefficients increase dramatically. Moreover, an LNG rollover model with two daughter models is proposed, which are divided by the critical initial density difference, i.e., a cubic relationship between rollover coefficients and the initial density difference when the density difference is less than 7.5 kg·m-3 and secondly, a linear relationship between the rollover coefficient and the double exponential functions when the density difference is larger than 7.5 kg·m-3.
A Local-Global Analysis Method for Arctic Drilling Riser Suffering from Ice Load
Authors: Liu Dahui , Teng Yao , Wang Shoujun
Published: December 2021

As world energy consumption intensifies, the oil and gas exploitation technology in the polar region are drawing more and more attention. However, due to the harsh environment, the oil and gas exploitation operation in the polar region are faced with enormous challenges, such as low temperature and sea ice collision, etc. This paper mainly focuses on the structural strength and integrity study of the arctic drilling riser suffering from the floe collision loading. First, the discrete element software IceDEM is employed to develop a local drilling riser - sea ice interaction model subjected to the floe collision loading in the splash zone, and the corresponding dynamic collision response between the drilling riser and the floe ice could be calculated and acquired. Then, a global drilling riser model is built within the framework of general finite element analysis software ABAQUS to investigate the dynamic behavior of the arctic drilling riser in the polar environment, and the dynamic collision loading derived from IceDEM simulation is also introduced in this global model. Finally, the dynamic responses of the arctic drilling riser based on the finite element simulation are investigated to research the riser’s security and integrity, which can provide reference for the design and application of the drilling riser in the polar region.
Consensus-Based Distributed Optimization of Generation Dispatch of Multi-Area AC Systems Interconnected by DC Lines
Authors: Zhang Fan , Jiang Hui , Wu Minghuan , Peng Jianchun
Published: December 2021

This paper is dedicated to solving the distributed optimization of generation dispatch of multi-area AC systems interconnected by DC lines, which aims at minimizing the total generation cost while satisfying the power supply demand balance and generation capacity constraints. A novel nodal loss formula which derived from the branch active power flow equation is proposed based on phase angle and impedance to improve the system economy. A distributed algorithm based on consensus is built to solve the generation dispatch problem. It has a great effect on improving convergence effect and rate of the system. The control strategy is used on the structure of multi-area interconnection, which improves the reliability of power supply and guarantee the power quality. The study was conducted using three area AC systems interconnected by DC lines. The simulation results show that the proposed generation dispatch method is reliable in convergence. It provides an effective tool for distributed optimization of generation dispatch of multi-area AC systems interconnected by DC lines.
Power Performance Assessment for the Energy Storage Type of Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Xia Hainan , Wang Xiangnan , Chang Hao , Zhang Yuanfei , Li Qiang , Xue Caixia
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the energy matching problem between wave energy input and generator power output, in the power performance assessment for the energy storage type of wave energy converter. Under the small wave condition, the power performance of the energy storage type of wave energy converter is researched. The site test data processing method is analyzed, and the calculation method of the average conversion efficiency and the annual energy production are optimized. The results show that the optimized power performance analysis method can more accurately assess the power performance matrix of the wave energy converter, and improve the calculation accuracy of the average conversion efficiency and the annual energy production of the wave energy converter. The research results provide an effective method for more scientific and accurate evaluation of power performance indexes of the energy storage type of wave energy converters.
A Multi-Mode Broadband Vibration Energy Harvester Based on MEMS 3D Coils
Authors: Wu Hanxiao , Tao Zhi , Li Haiwang , Xu Tiantong , Wang Wenbin , Sun Jiamian
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester utilizing 3D MEMS coils and multi-mode structure to improve the output power and broaden the frequency band. We fabricated and assembled the prototype, with a pair of 3D coils fabricated by lithography, silicon etching, silicon direct bonding and copper electroplating, et al., which are compatible with CMOS processes. The numerical simulation was conducted to analysis the vibration modes of the spring-mass system, which revealed the multi-mode mechanism of serpentine springs. We also tested the output power-frequency curves for different load and excitation acceleration to investigate the optimal load resistance and the influence of excitation. The test results showed that the proposed prototype can generate 1.2μW power under 992Hz for 1g acceleration with a half-power bandwidth of 65Hz, which are higher than some recent published data, proving the superiority of proposed structure.
Validation and Evaluation of COSINE Software Package Based on the Operation Data of Third Generation Passive Pressurized Water Reactor
Authors: Zhang Weibin , Zhu Chenglin , Zhang Qiao , Xu Linlin , Quan Guoping
Published: December 2021

According to the historical experience of international nuclear power software development and the requirements of relevant guidelines at home and abroad, a large number of experiments and theoretical work must be carried out to verify and confirm the empirical formulas, models and calculation methods used in the software and evaluate the models related to safety evaluation in order to make the software be applied to the design and analysis of nuclear power plants. Validation and evaluation is the most important key link in the process of nuclear power software development, which is heavy workload and difficult, and needs a lot of actual power plant operation data. This paper proposed a research on the validation and evaluation of the COSINE software package’s calculation capability and accuracy based on the operation data of the third generation passive PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) AP1000. The comparison results between the operation limit parameters of the nuclear power plant including critical boron concentration, heat pipe factor of nuclear enthalpy rise, heat flux hot spot factor and AO (Axial Offset) showed that the data calculated by COSINE met the running requirements of the nuclear power plant, and the calculation accuracy keeps also in a good way.
Study on the Rheological Properties of Ultra-High Temperature CGA Drilling Fluids
Authors: Zhu Wenxi , Zheng Xiuhua
Published: December 2021

Colloidal gas aphron (CGA) drilling fluids are a kind of environmentally-friendly underbalanced drilling technique, which has attracted more attention in depleted reservoirs and other low-pressure areas. With the shortage of global oil/gas resources, drilling has gradually shifted to high-temperature and deep wells. Hence, a study on the ultra-high temperature rheology properties of CGA fluids is lacking and urgently needed. In this study, a novel CGA drilling fluid system was prepared by modified starch and amino acid surfactant, and rheological properties after 120-300°C aged was investigate. Results show that: (1) Herschel-Bulkley model is the preferred model to predict CGA drilling fluid at ultra-high temperatures; (2) It was proved that CGA drilling fluid is a high-quality drilling fluid with extremely high value of LSRV and shear thinning property within 280°C. Compared to the traditional XG-based CGA drilling fluid, the improvement of LSRV at ultra-high temperatures is a significant advantage of EST-based CGA drilling fluid which is conducive to carrying cuttings and sealing formation pores.
Effects of Haze Experiments by Artificial Intervention on Atmospheric Mixing Layer Height (MLH) and Air Pollution in Pearl River Delta Region
Authors: Peng Duan , Liu Chang , Chen Meiling , Xu Chunlin , Liang Minyan
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the effects of 16 times of aircraft artificial intervention operations on atmospheric MLH and air pollution in Pearl River Delta Region were investigated. By analyzing the surface observation meteorological data collected hourly each day from 2015 to 2019 using the Nozaki Method and Statistical Analysis Method, the differences of MLH’s daily variations on haze and non-haze days were studied. Then the variations of MLH, pollutant concentrations and visibility before and after artificial intervention were studied. And the variations in the concentration of fine particles were obtained by analyzing the depolarization ratio’s vertical distribution detected by Guangzhou Polarized Micropulse Lidar System. Finally, the analysis of daily average air pollutant concentrations and thickness of atmospheric mixing layer, together with the analysis of MLH, surface ventilation and the corresponding pollutant concentration sequence 18 hours post-experiment can lead to effects of MLH on air pollution. The results showed that (1) MLH varies daily significantly; (2) The atmospheric MLH, air pollutant concentration and visibility vary significantly after aircraft artificial precipitation intervention: (a) the MLH and surface ventilation increase during the first three hours of rainfall; (b) the visibility increases significantly; (c) the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 decrease while the concentrations of coarse and modal particles show a significant trend of decrease; (d) the subsequent dilution effect on PM2.5 and PM10 also show out in a clear way, especially on PM10. The daily average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 are positively correlated with the daily average MLH in the region and the correlation coefficients are -0.71 and -0.63 respectively. After haze experiments by artificial intervention, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and AQI indexes were negatively correlated with MLH and surface ventilation while positively correlated with O3. The research results show its value in the aspects of the atmospheric environmental quality assessment and pollutant diffusion capacity improvement in the region. It also helps in future data demonstration tests for the effects of haze experiments by artificial intervention on atmospheric turbulence and air pollution elimination. And it provides scientific decision-making basis for future relevant measures for the quality of urban atmospheric environment improvement.
Application Analysis of Medium Temperature Solar Refrigeration System in Civil Buildings
Authors: Jiang Denghui , Liu Ning , Liu Huakai , Li Xiao
Published: December 2021

The lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system with medium temperature solar collector as driving heat source was built, and the refrigeration performance of the system was tested and analyzed. The medium-temperature solar collector adopts all-glass vacuum solar collector tube with heat-conducting oil as medium, and the inside of the vacuum tube is composed of heat-conducting medium flow channel on the sunny side and aluminum silicate insulation cotton on the backlight side. Through test and analysis, the medium temperature solar collector of the system can provide stable heat source, and the maximum temperature of solar heating can reach above 150°C in sunny weather and about 80°C in cloudy days. The generator driving heat of the system is stable and efficient. The driving heat of lithium bromide absorption refrigerator is higher than 200 MJ/h, and can reach 300 MJ/h in some periods. The COP of the system can be kept above 0.6 during stable operation, but when the driving temperature of the generator is higher than 80°C, the COP of the system basically does not increase with the increase of the driving temperature.
Study on Wind Environment Influencing Factors and Layout of Urban Ordinary Residence
Authors: Chen Xiang , Duan Xiang
Published: December 2021

In the architectural planning and design, the commonly used architectural layout forms are determinant, diagonal, etc. Because of its centralized and symmetrical layout form, determinant architecture has been widely used in urban architectural design. Due to the high density of multi span buildings, the ventilation effect is not good, so this paper mainly studies the influence of multi span building layout on the wind field of urban ordinary residence. In order to optimize the wind environment of the building, a 7-story residential area was modeled and calculated by CFD. Through the analysis of wind field characteristics at different building heights, the results show that the total wind speed in Z direction of the building is the smallest, about 3.354 m/s; At the same time, the overall wind pressure values are within 5Pa of the standard wind pressure difference, but we still need to pay close attention to the possible environmental impact at the outlet of the determinant residence.
Evaluation of Multiple Satellite-Based Precipitation Products for the Rainfall-Runoff Simulation over a Typical Catchment of Southwest China
Authors: Chen Shilei , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hengfei , Li Changwen , Zeng Ling
Published: December 2021

Five non-real time satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs), including TMPA 3B42V7, CMORPH CRT, PERSIANN-CDR, GSMaP_MVK and GSMaP_Gauge, were evaluated over the Xijiang Basin. By driving XAJ model with each of the SPPs and gauge-based interpolation precipitation data to compare the hydrological responses at Wuzhou Station during the period of 2010–2017, this study also evaluated the applicability of these SPPs in rainfall-runoff simulation over the Xijaing Basin. The results showed that: (1) GSMaP_Gauge had highest accuracy, then are CMORPH CRT and TMPA 3B42V7, respectively, and finally are PERSIANN-CDR and GSMaP_MVK; (2) Among the five SPPs, CMORPH CRT, GSMaP_Gauge and TMPA-3B42 V7 have comparable performance in rainfall-runoff simulation, with NSE value lower than that generated by driving gauge-based interpolation precipitation and obviously higher than that of PERSIANN-CDR, and the uncorrected SPP, i.e., GSMaP_MVK, performs worst because of large systematic errors.
Numerical Simulation and Experiment of Hydraulic Loss of Two-Stage Flap Valves
Authors: Zhou Bingnan , Lu Weigang , Xu Bo , Chen Hua
Published: December 2021

As a type of flap valve evolved from integral flap valve, two-stage flap valve has the advantages of large opening angle, small hydraulic loss and small impact force on the flap valve seat when the flap valve is closed. In order to analyze and study the hydraulic loss characteristics of the two-stage flap valve, this paper takes a pump station as an example. Based on theoretical analysis, combined with numerical simulation and model test, the hydraulic loss of two-stage flap valve is studied, and the relationship between hydraulic loss and pump station flow is obtained. According to the test results, the hydraulic loss of two-stage flap valve increases with the increase of flow rate under the same opening angle of flap valve. Under the same flow condition, the larger the opening angle of the flap valve is, the smaller the hydraulic loss of the two-stage flap valve is. When the opening angle of the upper flap valve is greater than 46° and the opening angle of the lower flap valve is greater than 64°, the hydraulic loss is less than 70mm and tends to be stable. The influence of hydraulic loss on the performance of pump device is gradually weakened. The relationship between hydraulic loss and flow of two-stage flap valve no longer satisfies the relationship of square under the constant opening angle. Moreover, the larger the opening angle of the two-stage flap valve is, the greater the relationship between hydraulic loss and flow is. Compared with the integral flap valve, the two-stage flap valve has better structural form and hydraulic characteristics, and has little influence on the performance of the pump device, which can provide reference for the application of the two-stage flap valve in the pump station.
Rapid Start-Up of Anammox by Immobilization and Its Response to Low Temperature Stress
Authors: Yang Hong , Wang Xiaotong
Published: December 2021

In view of the problems of slow start, easy loss and sensitive to low temperature environment in the suspension culture of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) suspension culture, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to prepare the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) immobilized filler, so as to realize the rapid start-up and activity improvement of anammox. Meanwhile, the response of nitrogen removal performance of encapsulated biomass to temperature reduction was determine by batch experiment. In addition, changes in the internal structure, flora composition and diversity of the filler were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the nitrogen removal capacity of the immobilized filler (E1) was significantly higher than that of the suspended sludge contrast system (S1) after 100d enrichment culture. The final nitrogen removal rate reached 1.168kg·(m3·d-1) -1, and the total nitrogen removal efficiency was 92%. The immobilization improved the resistance of AnAOB to low temperature. At 15°C, the effluent ammonia and nitrite of S1 were seriously accumulated, and E1 could maintain a stable nitrogen removal effect under the regulation of HRT. The population diversity was maintained in the immobilized filler, and the functional bacteria of anammox Candidatus Kuenenia was effectively enriched, accounting for 32.55% in E1. The results of this study provide valuable information for the application and popularization of anammox immobilized filler.
Environment Change and Sustainable Livelihoods in Ethnic Villages Tourism Development of China
Authors: Shang Qianlang , Li Mengxue , Wang Huanhuan
Published: December 2021

The rapid development of ethnic tourism in China has led to changes in the social and economic environment and local livelihood strategies. This study aims to illustrate the environmental changes and the effects of livelihood strategies in ethnic tourism development. Based on the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), this study proposed the Sustainable Tourism Livelihood Framework (STLF) and designed the indicator system. The Jinglai ethnic tourism village case study showed the changing process and comparison of livelihood capitals with different livelihood strategies. The study found that the number of Tourism-based Strategies (TBS)and Tourism Strategies (TS) families increases, and the TS livelihood capital is the highest, and the Highly Participation Degree (HPD) family’s capital is also higher. Meanwhile, family members have intergenerational differences in livelihood strategies. Finally, the suggestions about tourism community governance, such as environmental governance, knowledge training, and sustainable assessment, were proposed.
Uncertainty Evaluation for Determination of Gold in High-Purity Gold by LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Huang Boling , Wang Xuan , Yang Tingting , Shen Jiani , Ma Qingzheng , Zhu Yong , Li Lansen , Yang Xihan
Published: December 2021

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a new analytical method developed in recent years. The LA-ICP-MS is a quasi-non-destructive multi-elemental analytical method with low detection limits, high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, this method is applied to detecting high-purity gold. The micro-region information of high-purity gold can be analysed, and the original position information of the sample can be obtained in real time and accurately. In this study, the content of impurity elements in high-purity gold were determined by LA-ICP-MS, and the accuracy and reliability of the test results were improved by calculating the uncertainty. According to the test and analysis, the gold content of the high purity gold sample is (999.995 ± 0.003) ‰, so the gold content of the sample is more than 999.99 ‰. The result shows that the LA-ICP-MS has the advantages of fast, accurate and green, which is conducive to the rapid development of jewellery industry technology, and puts forward guiding suggestions for the production development direction, and promotes the green and healthy development of jewellery industry.
Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater Function in Independent Watershed Based on ArcGIS
Authors: Jiao Jiamin , Li Guiguo , Teng Xiaomin , Li Yuxi , Li Wanglin
Published: December 2021

According to the characteristics of physical geography and hydrogeology in Pingtan Island area, an independent regional groundwater evaluation system is established according to the four-layer model structure of target layer, criterion layer, attribute layer and index layer in the system. AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) is used to determine the weight value of each index in the study area, and a set of groundwater function evaluation system suitable for the island area is established. A groundwater function evaluation model with high systematic order degree is constructed and applied to the groundwater function evaluation of Pingtan Island. The results show that the groundwater in Luyangpu plain, Longwangtoupu plain, Lianjiupu plain and Qilipu plain can be developed and utilized well; The function of groundwater in the south of Aozhen and the foot of Junshan mountain is general, so we need to pay attention to the protection of ecological environment; The comprehensive function of groundwater in reclamation area, Huoshaogang salt area and Tianzhuyukou seawater intrusion area is weak, which is not suitable for exploitation and utilization. The research results are suitable for the evaluation of groundwater function in independent small areas of islands, and can provide technical support for the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in similar islands.
Framework of Electrical Fire Probability Estimation Based on Bayesian Network Model Inference
Authors: Wu Guohua , Chen Xiaoqing , Yin Jiyao , Yuan Diping , Hu Yihua , Zeng Yiping , Liu Kang , Zhao Xin
Published: December 2021

Electrical fire had become one of the main parts in total fire accidents. Most of researches rely on the complex combustion models, which consume a huge number of computational resources. However, few studies focus on evaluating fire disaster by probability theory, and estimate the likelihood of fire occurring by the calculation result of probability based on the current data from the sensor. Bayesian Network is introduced due to the advantage of calculation complexity, ability of expressing uncertain factors and the accuracy of model with incomplete data. Some problems should be solved before using Bayesian Network to inference events based on given evidences. In this paper, the structure and the parameter of the Bayesian Network is created by the discussing result of the experts and scholars in electrical fire research field. A frequently-used fuzzy function called Sigmoid function to process data from raw data to the probability. Inference result by Bayesian Network is calculated by the Variable Elimination algorithm. A case study about the simulation of analyzing the probability of electrical fire happened when the load of circuit is under the high status. Research result shows that Bayesian Network model is suitable for estimating and analyzing in the scenario of electrical fire. Model has a good robust to express probability of electrical fire probability, which is of vital importance for estimating whether the fire occurs or not, thus providing significant information and instruction for preventing electrical fire and the sustainability of the environment. Based on the simulation result, it can conclude that the Bayesian network model inference is suitable for the electrical fire estimation scenario, and the introducing of this scheme is possible for predict electrical fire.
Research on the Influence of Sodium Ion on Mechanism of Polymer Solution Viscosity Loss
Authors: Du Chun’an , Zhang Xianya , Chen Weiwei , Xu Peng
Published: December 2021

The researches on the influence of sodium ion on mechanism of polymer solution viscosity loss were conducted. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the polymer microstructure. Molecular dynamics simulation was employed to reveal the influence of sodium ion on the polymer molecular configuration. The results shown: the polymer viscosity loss was more than 70% when the concentration of sodium ion was above 4000 mg/L. The results of microstructure and molecular conformation analysis indicated that the main reason of viscosity loss was the electrostatic attraction between sodium ion and negatively charged groups of polymer molecule chains, which cause compression of polymer molecular chain. The coil and shrinkage of polymer molecular chain led to the breakage of the spatial network structure of macromolecules.
Study on the Removal Efficiency of Heavy Metals in Flue Gas of Small Sintering Machines
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhang Fan , Liu Yu , Zhang Chen , Tian Gang , Zhu Jinwei , Wang Fan , Shu Yun , Wang Hongchang , Wang Huasheng
Published: December 2021

Heavy metal pollutants such as Hg, Pb, Cr, and Cd contained in flue gas from the sintering equipment bring about environmental hazards. In this paper, 4 small sintering machines with different control technologies were selected, and the US EPA 29 method was used to analyze the emission concentration of heavy metals from the sintering machines, and the removal efficiency of the different flue gas control technologies on the of heavy metal pollutants was analyzed. The results show that the dry flue gas desulfurization combining baghouse dedusting method has high removal efficiency of heavy metals in flue gas, with mercury removal efficiency of 60.06%, Pb removal efficiency of 92.92%, Cd removal efficiency of 92.20%, Cr removal efficiency of 55.14%. The removal efficiency of heavy metals is obviously higher than that of conventional electrostatic precipitation combining wet desulfurization. This is mainly ascribed to those heavy metals are mainly concentrated in the fine particulate matters of the fly ash. Dust removal technology can effectively coordinate the control of Hg, Cr, Pb and Cd in the flue gas. The semi-dry desulphurization and baghouse dedusting technology can promote the enrichment of Hg and Cr in fly ash. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance for the control of Hg, Cr, Pb, Cd and other heavy metal pollutants control in sintering equipment, and for flue gas ultra-low emission transformation.
Determination of arsenic, cadmium, selenium, zinc and other trace elements in Bangladeshi fish and arsenic speciation study of Hilsa fish flesh and eggs: Implications for dietary intake
Authors: Al-Rmalli Shaban W. , Jenkins Richard O. , Watts Michael J. , Haris Parvez I.
Published: December 2021

Exposure to As from drinking water and its impact on the health of the Bangladeshi population has received much attention. However, very little information is available regarding As exposure through consumption of fish, which is the main source of animal protein for the majority of Bangladeshis. In this study, concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Mn Se and Zn in different types of fish, consumed by Bangladeshis, were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Daily intakes of the toxic elements As, Cd and Pb through fish consumption were estimated to be 31.8, 0.4 and 4.8 μg/day, respectively. Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) contained the highest concentrations of total As (mean ± SD was 2.55 ± 1.3 mg/kg; n = 15) among the fish analysed. However, toxic inorganic As species were not detected. The dominant As species in Hilsa fish were: dimethylarsenic acid, arsenobetaine and arsenosugars, at 69, 11 and 20% of total As, respectively. The high concentration of Cd detected in Hilsa eggs (average 278 ± 518 μg/kg; range 7.4–1725 μg/kg; n = 10) is of concern since this may have harmful effects on the development of embryos and lead to a decline in the Hilsa population or the quality of the fish. It can also be harmful to those who consume Hilsa eggs on a regular basis. Selenium was found to be highest in Shoal (Micropterus cataractae) fish and a type of small fish, and lowest in Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosis). Small fish species contained Mn and Zn at 7.1- and 4.3-fold higher concentrations, respectively, compared to big fish species. Keski (Corica soborna), a small fish species, contained by far the highest concentrations of Mn (52 mg/kg) and Zn (140 mg/kg), although the concentration of As (1.4 mg/kg) in this fish was lower than that of several other fish species. Small fish species are often consumed whole, including the bones, and therefore the essential trace elements present are potentially bioavailable for cellular metabolism. Our study shows that the Bangladeshi population can easily meet their daily requirement of Se and Zn from consumption of fish such as Shoal fish (Se and Zn), Hilsa fish (Se and Zn) and Keski fish (Se and Zn). Consumption of small fish (such as Keski) and big fish (such as Hilsa) from Bangladesh can provide valuable sources of essential trace elements as part of a balanced diet and thus negate the need for supplements and biofortification of certain foods. Ours is a small study and a detailed total dietary intake and human biomonitoring studies, that includes coverage of different socio-economic groups, are needed in Bangladesh before giving people supplements or biofortified foods.
Signal Phrase Extraction: A Gateway to Information Retrieval Improvement in Law Texts
Authors: van der Veen Michael , Sidorova Natalia
Published: December 2021

NLP-based techniques can support in improving understanding of legal text documents. In this work we present a semi-automatic framework to extract signal phrases from legislative texts for an arbitrary European language. Through a case study using Dutch legislation, we demonstrate that it is feasible to extract these phrases reliably with a small number of supporting domain experts. Finally, we argue how in future works our framework could be utilized with existing methods to be applied to different languages.
A GDPR International Transfer Compliance Framework Based on an Extended Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV)
Authors: Hickey David , Brennan Rob
Published: December 2021

This paper describes a tool using an extended Data Privacy Vocabulary (the DPV) to audit and monitor GDPR compliance of international transfers of personal data. New terms were identified which have been proposed as extensions to the DPV W3C Working Group. A prototype software tool was built based on the model plus a set of validation rules, and synthetic use-cases created to test the capabilities of the model and tool (together a compliance framework). This framework was created because the rules around international transfer compliance are complex and changing, there is an absence of a common approach to ensuring compliance, few tools exist to assist, and those that do lack interoperability. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed model improves compliance identification and standardisation. The tool received positive feedback from the data protection practitioners who participated in the evaluation, and an initial version of is now in use in one financial services organisation. While currently the tool only addresses international transfers, in theory the framework can be extended through further work to the broader area of compliance of other aspects of the GPDR.
Computing Private International Law
Authors: Governatori Guido , Olivieri Francesco , Rotolo Antonino , Sattar Abdul , Cristani Matteo
Published: December 2021

This paper develops a new comprehensive computational framework for reasoning about private international law that encompasses the reasoning patterns modeled by previous works [3,8,9]. The framework is a multi-modal extension of [10] preserving some nice properties of the original system, including some efficient algorithms to compute the extensions of normative theories representing legal systems.