bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HRM in Transition Economies: The Case of Serbia
Authors: Milikić Biljana , Janićijević Nebojša , Petković Mirjana
Published: December 2008

HRM in Transition Economies: The Case of Serbia

While the convergence vs. divergence debate has gained broad recognition among both HRM scholars and practitioners, it seems that a closer insight into current HRM developments in the South Eastern European transition economies has yet to be achieved. This paper, therefore, aims to highlight current HRM practices in Serbia and address possibilities for implementing the North American HRM model in a highly incompatible cultural setting. Investigation of HRM practices in Serbia is based on the "CRANET survey on Strategic International HRM" (Brewster et al., 2004) and on interviews with the HR managers of 38 randomly selected companies operating in Serbia. The Serbian national culture has been included a priori in the initial research design as an explanatory variable. Research findings suggest that both the incompetence of HR managers and professionals, as well as a slow-moving transition, need to be carefully considered to explain the distinctiveness of HRM in transition economies. On the other hand, national culture seems to be a key obstacle to the achievement of full convergence of performance appraisal and performance-related pay.
Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted-6-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones as potent inodilators
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Carron Rosalia , La Calle Carmen , Jindal Dharam , Bansal Ranju
Published: December 2008

Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted-6-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones as potent inodilators

The present study describes the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-substituted-6-(4-acylaminophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones as potent inodilating agents. The synthesis of target compounds2-4and7-11was achieved by Friedel-Crafts acylation of appropriate anilide derivative with succinic anhydride or methylsuccinic anhydride and subsequent cyclization of intermediary keto acids with various hydrazine derivatives. The newly synthesized pyridazinone derivatives were evaluated for cardiotonic activity using isolated rat atria and for vasorelaxant activity using descending thoracic aortic rings of Wistar rats precontracted with phenylephrine (10-6mol L-1). 6-(4-Methanesulfonamidophenyl)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one (7) exhibited significant inodilatory properties and showed vasorelaxant activity in a nanomolar range (IC50= 0.08 ± 0.01 μmol L-1).
Toward Policy-Relevant Benchmarks for Interpreting Effect Sizes: Combining Effects With Costs
Authors: Harris Douglas N.
Published: December 2008

The common reporting of effect sizes has been an important advance in education research in recent years. However, the benchmarks used to interpret the size of these effects—as small, medium, and large—do little to inform educational administration and policy making because they do not account for program costs. The author proposes an approach to establishing cost-effectiveness benchmarks rooted in an explicit economics-based decision-making framework and assumptions about the decision-making context. To be considered large, the ratio of effects to costs must be at least as large as the ratios for substitute interventions. Evidence related to class size, prekindergarten, and other interventions is discussed to illustrate the calculation of the cost-effectiveness ratios, how the evidence can be used to develop benchmarks, and how the benchmarks can be useful for researchers and policy makers. The development of benchmarks is intended to encourage cost-effectiveness analysis as a standard part of policy analysis, thereby providing more evidence to increase the validity of the benchmarks and, ultimately, improving policy decisions. Recent cost-effectiveness research in health care policy illustrates the potential value of cost-effectiveness benchmarks in education.
A European Computer Driving Licence: integrating computer literacy in the new Social Work degree
Authors: Gregor Claire
Published: December 2008

'Informacy', the learning of information technology skills, is now a key element of all Social Work curricula in the U.K. following the General Social Care Council's accreditation requirements. These stipulate that all undergraduates acquire computer literacy skills to the level of the European Computer Driving Licence (ECDL) or its equivalence and require that all accredited Social Work courses assess students to ensure that this is achieved. However, many universities do not have the support of information technology departments in order to ensure that their students are taught how to use a computer. Nor do they have access to interactive web-based packages that assist the students in teaching themselves IT skills to the high levels required by the European Computer Driving Licence. The research suggests that an integrated e-learning teaching and assessment strategy can help to promote computer literacy among Social Work students. This paper explores some of the challenges that arise from integrating e-learning into the teaching and assessment of a Social Work degree, based on the experience of the Social Work Department at Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College (now Bucks New University).
Effect of Trace Scandium Addition on Al-6mg Alloy
Authors: Kaiser MS
Published: December 2008

Ageing behaviour of Al-6Mg alloy doped with trace amount of scandium was investigated. Cold rolled and as cast samples were aged isochronally for 60 minutes at different temperature up to 500Â°C. Some samples were aged isothermally at 300Â°C for different periods ranging from 30 to 240 minutes. Hardness of the alloys was measured to study the age hardening effect due to scandium addition. Resistivity changes with annealing time and temperature were measured to understand the precipitation behaviour and recovery of strain of the alloy. Attempts were also made to understand quantitatively the grain refining effect of scandium in Al-6Mg alloy. Moreover, a kinetic analysis for precipitation in cold rolled experimental alloys has been carried out by Differential Scanning Calorimetric Technique to gain a clear understanding about the kinetics of recrystallisation and recovery in Al-Mg alloy with or without scandium additions. Keywords: Al-Mg alloys, Age hardening, Resistivity, Dendrites, Second phase. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.36 Dec. 2006 pp.12-17DOI = 10.3329/jme.v36i0.806
Viscous Dissipation Effects on MHD Natural Convection Flow along a Sphere
Authors: Alam Md. M , Alim MA , Chowdhury Md. MK
Published: December 2008

In this paper, we describe the viscous dissipation effects in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow on a sphere. The natural convection laminar flow from a sphere immersed in a viscous incompressible optically thin fluid in the presence of magnetic field has been investigated. The governing boundary layer equations are first transformed into a non-dimensional form and the resulting nonlinear system of partial differential equations are then solved numerically using a very efficient finite-difference method with Keller-box scheme. Here we have focused our attention on the evolution of shear stress in terms of the local skin friction and the rate of heat transfer in terms of local Nusselt number, velocity profiles as well as temperature profiles for some selected parameters consisting of magnetic parameter M, viscous dissipation parameter N and the Prandlt number Pr.Keywords: Viscous dissipation, magnetohydrodynamics, natural convection, Nusselt number. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.36 Dec. 2006 pp.44DOI = 10.3329/jme.v36i0.810
Effect of Cooling Air on Swirl Combustor
Authors: Chowdhury Showkat Jahan , Noman Md. Shiblee
Published: December 2008

This paper presents the numerical study of the turbulent swirling flow in a combustor and the effect of cooling air, which has practical applications in industrial furnaces and jet engines. Cooling air is used to protect the combustor wall from burnout, while allowing the combustion to occur at higher temperature. The governing differential equations using k - Îµ turbulence model closure are solved by a control-volume based iterative finite difference technique. Computations are done for constant vane angle type swirl generation at inlet. Different swirl numbers up to 1.5 are considered. To study the effect of cooling air on the combustor performance, calculations are repeated for two different velocities of the cooling air jet. The predicted distribution of the mean axial and tangential velocities, turbulence kinetic energy and streamline plots are discussed in the article. With the increase of swirl strength, secondary on-axis recirculation due to swirl is observed. The swirl produces larger turbulence kinetic energy and enhances mixing rate, thus require shorter combustor length. The interaction between the non-swirling cooling air and swirling core flow also increases the generation of turbulence kinetic energy and mixing rate. The capability of the computational model for predicting recirculating flows is tested by comparing the results with available experimental data and found to have reasonable matching.Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.37 June 2007 pp.1-9doi:10.3329/jme.v37i0.811
The Texture Behavior of Al-Mg-Sc Alloys
Authors: Kaiser MS
Published: December 2008

Three alloys of Al-Mg with and without scandium are cold worked at different percentage and then annealed. The texture behavior of the alloys is studied by X-ray diffraction technique. The X-ray diffraction analysis is done using a PHILIPS PW1830 diffractometer with Cu-KÎ± radiation. It is found that the addition of scandium in Al-6Mg alloy influences the development of texture. The cube texture (100)[001] is preferred in the alloy in the initial stages of deformation, whereas beyond 50% deformation, the maximization of (220) intensity indicates that a mixed texture is developed on increasing the percent reduction. Keywords: Al-Mg alloys, Cold working, Annealing, Texture, X-ray diffraction.doi:10.3329/jme.v37i0.814Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.37 June 2007, pp.10-17
Natural Convection in an Inclined Square Enclosure Containing Internal Energy Sources
Authors: Islam Md. Tofiqul , Saha Sumon , Mamun Md. Arif Hasan , Saha Goutam
Published: December 2008

Natural convection in an inclined differentially heated square enclosure containing internally heated fluid has been investigated numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. The horizontal walls are adiabatic, while the side walls are isothermal but kept at different temperatures. Flow and heat transfer characteristics through isotherms, streamlines and average Nusselt numbers have been presented for the external Rayleigh number 103 to 106, internal Rayleigh number 105 to 108 and inclination angles 0Â° to 30Â°. The obtained computational results indicate that the strength of the convective currents depends on the internal energy. Heat removal rate is optimized at zero inclination angle for relatively weak external heating mode for all values of internal energy.Keywords: Natural convection, finite element method, square enclosure, Rayleigh number.doi:10.3329/jme.v37i0.816Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.37 June 2007, pp.24-32
Total Productive Maintenance in RMG Sector A Case: Burlingtons Limited, Bangladesh
Authors: Masud AKM , Al-Khaled Abdullah , Jannat Seratun , Khan AKM Sajedul Arefin , Islam Kingshuk Jubaer
Published: December 2008

doi:10.3329/jme.v37i0.827
Berthing Problem of Ships in Chittagong Port and Proposal for its Solution
Authors: Hoque AKM Solayman , Biswas SK
Published: December 2008

doi:10.3329/jme.v37i0.829
Construction of a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier
Authors: Azam Md Ali , Ahsanullah Md , Syeda Sultana R
Published: December 2008

doi:10.3329/jme.v37i0.830
Modeling and Visualisation of a 3D Mechanical Workshop
Authors: Iqbal M , Samsuzzoha AHM , Hashmi MSJ
Published: December 2008

doi:10.3329/jme.v37i0.831
A heuristic solution of multi-item single level capacitated dynamic lot-sizing problem
Authors: Parveen Sultana , Haque AFM Anwarul
Published: December 2008

The multi-item single level capacitated dynamic lot-sizing problem consists of scheduling N items over a horizon of T periods. The objective is to minimize the sum of setup and inventory holding costs over the horizon subject to a constraint on total capacity in each period. No backlogging is allowed. Only one machine is available with a fixed capacity in each period. In case of a single item production, an optimal solution algorithm exists. But for multi-item problems, optimal solution algorithms are not available. It has been proved that even the two-item problem with constant capacity is NP (nondeterministic polynomial)-hard. That is, it is in a class of problems that are extremely difficult to solve in a reasonable amount of time. This has called for searching good heuristic solutions. For a multi-item problem, it would be more realistic to consider an upper limit on the lot-size per setup for each item and this could be a very important parameter from practical point of view. The current research work has been directed toward the development of a model for multi-item problem considering this parameter. Based on the model a program has been executed and feasible solutions have been obtained. Keywords: Heuristics, inventory, lot-sizing, multi-item, scheduling.DOI: 10.3329/jme.v38i0.893 Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.38 Dec. 2007 pp.1-7
A modified k - ε model of turbulence
Authors: Chowdhury Showkat Jahan
Published: December 2008

In this paper, the parameters of a thermodynamically consistent k - ε model of turbulence are first determined, and the numerical values of the various model coefficients are evaluated. Limiting flows of a decaying homogeneous turbulence, turbulent flow in the inertial sublayer, and known properties of purely diffusive turbulence are used for this purpose. The thermodynamically consistent model is then incorporated into an enhanced version of the TEACH computer code called STARPIC. Finally, the modified computational code is used to simulate the flow through a channel to assess its capability in predicting turbulent flows. The computational results are compared with available experimental data, and found to have reasonable matching. The flows are also simulated using standard k - ε model, for comparison. It is observed that the present thermodynamically consistent modified k - ε model predictions are better compared to the standard k - ε model predictions.DOI: 10.3329/jme.v38i0.895 Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.38 Dec. 2007 pp.14-17
Stress work effect on natural convection flow along a vertical flat plate with Joule heating and heat conduction
Authors: Alam Md M , Alim MA , Chowdhury Md. MK
Published: December 2008

In the present paper, the effects of viscous dissipation and pressure stress work on free convection flow along a vertical plate have been investigated. Joule heating and heat conduction through a wall of finite thickness are considered in the investigation. With a goal to attain similarity solutions of the problem, the developed equations are made dimensionless by using suitable transformations. The non-dimensional equations are then transformed into non-similar forms by introducing non- similarity transformations. The resulting non-similar equations together with their corresponding boundary conditions based on conduction and convection are solved numerically by using the finite difference method along with Newton's linearization approximation. Numerically calculated velocity profiles, temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient and the surface temperature distributions are shown both on graphs and tables for different values of the parameters entering into the problem. Keywords: Free convection, Joule heating, viscous dissipation and pressure work.DOI: 10.3329/jme.v38i0.896 Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.38 Dec. 2007 pp.18-24
Effects of environment on fracture toughness of glass fiber/polyester composite
Authors: Masud AKM , Zaman AKM Kais Bin , Al-Khaled Abdullah
Published: December 2008

The resistance of a material to crack propagation is greatly influenced by the fracture toughness of that material. Many parameters are responsible for the fracture and damage process of a material. In this work, an experimental investigation has been carried out on the fracture toughness of chopped strand mat glass fiber reinforced composite after exposing to various adverse environments, like, water, saline water, acidic water, organic fuel, ice temperature and hot air, for different durations using single edge notched (SEN) specimens. The sharp notch of different length sizes, namely, 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm (approximate), were cut in different specimens. It has been drawn a number of important inferences from this work. Fracture toughness is independent of crack size. There is a sizeable effect of environments on fracture toughness. A relationship between fracture toughness and duration of exposure under these adverse environments has been established. The fracture toughness has been found to decrease gradually with increased duration of environmental exposure, whereas the fracture toughness has been found to be independent of pre-crack/notch length. Keywords: Fracture Toughness, Composite, Tensile loadingDOI: 10.3329/jme.v38i0.899 Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.38 Dec. 2007 pp.38-44
Wind effect on staggered cylinders of square and rectangular sections with variable longitudinal spacings
Authors: Hossain MKM , Islam MQ , Mandal AC , Saha S
Published: December 2008

An experimental investigation of mean pressure distributions on a group of cylinders with square and rectangular cross-sections in a uniform cross flow is presented here. The group consists of one rectangular and two square cylinders of identical dimension. The rectangular cylinder is placed centrally in the upstream side and the other two square cylinders are placed symmetrically in the downstream side with respect to tunnel axis. Surface pressure distributions on the cylinders are measured for various longitudinal spacings of the cylinders. Wind loads are obtained in terms of drag coefficients, lift coefficients and total force coefficients. The drag on an isolated cylinder is higher in general than that on the same cylinder while it becomes part of a group. Keywords: Wind load, staggered cylinders. DOI: 10.3329/jme.v38i0.901 Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.38 Dec. 2007 pp.52-57
Compatibility testing of reactive dyes
Authors: Sultana Razia , Uddin M Zulhash
Published: December 2008

The present work deals with the ways of testing the compatibility of reactive dyes with cotton in different textile industries in Bangladesh. This report includes three laboratory trials that were carried out for three different reactive dyes to check the compatibility for use in a dye recipe on cotton knitted goods. In this study, Spectrophotometric analysis was conducted and the fixation of each dye was determined by using computer colour matching system. The results found from different industries were analysed and discussed. This testing can be used as a tool for selecting good quality dyes as well as to reduce dyeing cost and hazard. Finally few recommendations are highlighted to overcome the problem of selecting better quality dyes for cotton goods in textile industries in Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/jme.v38i0.903 Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.38 Dec. 2007 pp.61-64
Test Equating of the Medical Licensing Examination in 2003 and 2004 Based on the Item Response Theory
Authors: Yim Mi Kyoung , Huh Sun
Published: December 2008

The passing rate of the Medical Licensing Examination has been variable, which probably originated from the difference in the difficulty of items and/or difference in the ability level of examinees. We tried to explain the origin of the difference using the test equating method based on the item response theory. The number of items and examinees were 500, 3,647 in 2003 and 550, 3,879 in 2004. Common item nonequivalent group design was used for 30 common items. Item and ability parameters were calculated by three parametric logistic models using ICL. Scale transformation and true score equating were executed using ST and PIE. The mean of difficulty index of the year 2003 was ??.957 (SD 2.628) and that of 2004 after equating was ??.456 (SD 3.399). The mean of discrimination index of year 2003 was 0.487 (SD 0.242) and that of 2004 was 0.363 (SD 0.193). The mean of ability parameter of year 2003 was 0.00617 (SD 0.96605) and that of year 2004 was 0.94636 (SD 1.32960). The difference of the equated true score at the same ability level was high at the range of score of 200??50. The reason for the difference in passing rates over two consecutive years was due to the fact that the Examination in 2004 was easier and the abilities of the examinees in 2004 were higher. In addition, the passing rates of examinees with score of 270??94 in 2003, and those with 322??43 in 2004, were affected by the examination year.
Estimation of an Examinee's Ability in the Web-Based Computerized Adaptive Testing Program IRT-CAT
Authors: Lee Yoon-Hwan , Park Jung-Ho , Park In-Yong
Published: December 2008

We developed a program to estimate an examinee's ability in order to provide freely available access to a web-based computerized adaptive testing (CAT) program. We used PHP and Java Script as the program languages, PostgresSQL as the database management system on an Apache web server and Linux as the operating system. A system which allows for user input and searching within inputted items and creates tests was constructed. We performed an ability estimation on each test based on a Rasch model and 2- or 3-parametric logistic models. Our system provides an algorithm for a web-based CAT, replacing previous personal computer-based ones, and makes it possible to estimate an examinee?占퐏 ability immediately at the end of test.
Is Smokeless Tobacco Use an Appropriate Public Health Strategy for Reducing Societal Harm from Cigarette Smoking?
Authors: Tomar Scott  L. , Fox Brion  J. , Severson Herbert  H.
Published: December 2008

Four arguments have been used to support smokeless tobacco (ST) for harm reduction: (1) Switching from cigarettes to ST would reduce health risks; (2) ST is effective for smoking cessation; (3) ST is an effective nicotine maintenance product; and (4) ST is not a “gateway” for cigarette smoking. There is little evidence to support the first three arguments and most evidence suggests that ST is a gateway for cigarette smoking. There are ethical challenges to promoting ST use. Based on the precautionary principle, the burden of proof is on proponents to provide evidence to support their position; such evidence is lacking.
Symptoms of Diminished Autonomy over Cigarettes with Non-Daily Use
Authors: Savageau Judith A. , Mowery Paul D. , DiFranza Joseph R.
Published: December 2008

Data from a nationally representative sample of smokers (ages 12-22 years, n=2,091) was examined to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of diminished autonomy over cigarettes. Six symptoms were assessed: failed cessation, smoking despite a desire to quit, and a need or urge to smoke, irritability, restlessness, or disrupted concentration attributed to nicotine withdrawal. One or more of the six symptoms were present in 18.9% of subjects who smoked less often than once per week. Among subjects who had not smoked 20 cigarettes in their lifetime, 12.6% had symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, and 25% had made an unsuccessful quit attempt.
Smoking at School: Views of Turkish University Students
Authors: Erdogan Nazmiye , Erdogan Irfan
Published: December 2008

The recent interest in cigarette smoking among university students has brought attention to problems concerning opinions, attitudes, prevention, health education, policy formulation and implementation. This survey research tested five hypotheses on the views of college students about smoking in school hallways and cafeteria, compliance with anti smoking laws, considering cigarette smoking as an expression of freedom of choice, teachers’ smoking in classrooms and in their offices, and school administration’s policy on enforcing the law. Hypothesized differences between students’ views on the issues according to gender, smoking status and years at school were investigated. Data were obtained from 3,659 students attending six universities in Ankara, Turkey. The study findings provided support for all the hypothesized differences (except a single issue). Males and females differed significantly on all the issues studied. The majority of nonsmoking students have anti-smoking views in regards of the studied issues as compared to regular and occasional smokers. Smokers and nonsmokers markedly disagree on banning cigarette smoking in the cafeteria and hallways. However, the majority of students are against teachers’ smoking in classrooms and in their offices with the doors open. Although most students want a smoke free environment, there is no active-anti smoking policy on smoking by universities. Findings point out the need for campus-wide effective smoking prevention programs, as well as cessation programs and services for the students.
Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Leaf Anatomy of Salvia bertolonii Vis. and Salvia pratensis L. (Sect. Plethiosphace, Lamiaceae)
Authors: Anačkov Goran , Božin Biljana , Zorić Lana , Vukov Dragana , Mimica-Dukić Neda , Merkulov Ljiljana , Igić Ružica , Jovanović Marina , Boža Pal
Published: December 2008

The taxonomical relationship between Salvia pratensis and S. bertolonii has been unclear for a long time. Salvia bertolonii has alternatively been considered a synonym, a subspecies, a problematic subspecies and a form of Salvia pratensis. However, both these two species are sometimes used in traditional medicine instead of sage (Salvia officinalis) or as an adulteration for the same drug. In order to confirm the status of S. bertolonii, together with the potential identification characteristics for differentiation from sage, both taxa were analyzed through the analysis of their essential oils, together with the micromorphological characteristics of the leaf surface and the anatomy and morphology of the leaves. The obtained results show that there are clear differences in the quantity of essential oil (0.073% for S. pratensis and 0.0016% for S. berolonii). The major compound in the essential oil of S. pratensis was E-caryophyllene (26.4%) while in S. berolonii essential oil caryophyllene oxide was the major component (35.1%). The micromorphological differences are also pronounced in the leaf indumentum (density and distribution of certain types of non-glandular and glandular trichomes). Clear distinction between the investigated Salvia species is also observed in the leaf anatomy (in S. pratensis leaves are thinner, palisade tissue is made of 1-2 layers of cells, and leaves of S. bertolonii are characterized by 2-3 layers of palisade tissue cells, and consequently thicker).
Synthesis and Evaluation of Non-peptidic Cysteine Protease Inhibitors of P. falciparum Derived from Etacrynic Acid
Authors: Dude Marie-Adrienne , Kaeppler Ulrich , Herb Monika , Schiller Markus , Schulz Franziska , Vedder Birgit , Heppner Saskia , Pradel Gabriele , Gut Jiri , Rosenthal Philip  J. , Schirmeister Tanja , Leippe Matthias , Gelhaus Christoph
Published: December 2008

A series of etacrynic acid derivatives was synthesized and screened for their in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum, as well as their activity against recombinantly expressed falcipain-2 and -3. The two most active compounds of the series displayed IC50 values of 9.0 and 18.8 μM against Plasmodia.
DYNAMIC NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF A CRACKED BLADE
Authors: Kulyk Mykola , Kucher Olexiy , Kharyton Vsevolod , Laine Jean-Pierre , Thouverez Fabrice
Published: December 2008

A cracked blade non‐linear dynamic analysis was performed, taking into account contact interaction between crack sides. The contact‐induced non‐linear problem was solved by using the harmonic balance method. Accuracy and computational efficiency are demonstrated by comparing the results with the time integration of the system's motion equation Problem size reduction was performed using system fixed‐interface method. They suppose that a crack forms an interface between two sub‐structures and use a relative degree of freedom to describe the motion of crack sides. The influence of centrifugal forces was investigated in order to understand the necessity of problem non‐linear formulation depending on crack location and frequency of rotation. Santrauka Mentelės su įtrūkimu netiesinė dinamikos analizė atlikta įvertinant įtrūkimo kraštų kontaktinę sąveiką. Netiesinis uždavinys sprendžiamas harmoninės analizės metodu. Tokio metodo rezultatų tinkamumas ir efektyvumas demonstruojamas lyginant su sistemų dinaminių lygčių skaitinio sprendimo rezultatais. Sprendžiamo uždavinio eilė mažinama kraštų fiksavimo metodas. Šiuo atveju buvo laikoma, kad plyšys suformuoja ribą tarp dviejų konstrukcijos dalių ir plyšio ribų kitimo aprašymui naudojamos santykinės koordinatės. Buvo ištirta išcentrinių jėgų įtaka netiesiniam formulavimui, priklausomai nuo plyšio padėties ir kampinio greičio.
METHOD OF SOLVING NONLINEAR EQUATION SYSTEMS WITH BOOLEAN VARIABLES
Authors: Lytvynenko Olexander
Published: December 2008

A method of solving nonlinear equation systems with Boolean variables, which realizes the strategy of variant‐directed enumeration, is related. Necessary and sufficient conditions of feasible plans existence are formalized. A procedure for the formal analysis of subsets of the variants is described. The structure of the algorithm that possesses the completeness property is given. Special cases of systems of equations are considered.

Santrauka

Netiesinių lygčių sistemos su Būlio kintamaisiais sprendžiamos naudojant variantų kryptinės numeracijos metodą. Formalizuojamos būtinos ir pakankamos galimų schemų sąlygos. Aprašomos variantų poeibių formalios analizės procedūros. Pateikiama struktūra algoritmo, turinčio užbaigtumo savybių. Svarstomos lygčių sistemų atskiri atvejai.
ROLE AND POSITION OF MULTICOMPONENT TERMS IN AVIATION COMMUNICATION/DAUGIAKOMPONENČIŲ TERMINŲ VAIDMUO IR POZICIJA AVIACINĖJE KOMUNIKACIJOJE
Authors: Khavrun Olha
Published: December 2008

This paper provides a description of multicomponent terms as means of reflecting features of objects in the most complete and accurate way. Grammatical, semantic and structural aspects, as well as methods of translating multicomponent terms, are considered.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje aprašomi daugiakomponenčiai terminai, kurie pilniau ir tiksliau atspindi objektų savybes. Aptariami gramatiniai, semantiniai ir strukūriniai aspektai bei daugiakomponenčių terminų vertimo metodai.
L'image, vecteur de socialité
Authors: Rabot Jean-Martin
Published: December 2008

Résumé Ceux qui dans une perspective critique vouent l’imaginaire à une forme d’aliénation ne peuvent comprendre que l’image puisse devenir un vecteur de socialités. L’importance que la diffusion des images revêt dans la postmodernité est le signe d’une intensification des communions humaines. Aussi faut-il lire dans le foisonnement présent des images (iconiques, publicitaires, télévisuelles, virtuelles, etc.) l’indice d’une appartenance tribale fondée sur le partage des émotions et d’une « remythologisation » par le biais de l’utilisation des nouvelles technologies.
Introduction à la sociologie visuelle
Authors: La Rocca Fabio
Published: December 2008

Résumé Quelle est la place de l’image dans notre société ? L’intérêt porté à la dimension visuelle du monde social est de plus en plus au centre de l’attention des sciences sociales. L’image se révèle comme un signe distinctif de la postmodernité et s’insère dans le discours méthodologique des sciences sociales avec l’entrée en scène de la sociologie visuelle, qui peut être considérée comme a new postmodern research method . L’utilisation de l’image comme outil de recherche aide le chercheur à comprendre mieux le monde social et permet une représentation plus ample de la réalité sociale.
La sociologie comme véhicule : une nouvelle méthode d'apprentissage dans l'éducation de la photographie documentaire
Authors: Noordenbos Corinne , Sorgedrager Bart , Teijmant Ineke , Gerritsma Roos
Published: December 2008

Résumé Faire de la recherche dans le monde des arts est d’actualité. On se rend compte de plus en plus que la recherche est une partie importante du processus de travail. Durant ces quatre dernières années, comme professeurs de photographie et de sociologie au Département de Photographie à l’École des Arts d’Utrecht (HKU), nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode qui consiste en un programme intégrant la sociologie et la photographie documentaire. Dans cet article, nous livrons le compte rendu de nos expériences. Celui-ci peut être considéré comme une évaluation de notre travail de ces dernières années.
Vol d'images, images en vol. L'intermédialité et l'imitation au secours des superhéros
Authors: Haver Gianni , Meyer Michaël
Published: December 2008

Résumé L’invention du genre « superhéros » est liée au développement des comic books , forme spécifique de la bande dessinée américaine, à la fin des années 1930. Cependant, cette nouveauté suppose la cristallisation et la réinvention d’un vaste ensemble de codes visuels qui dépasse largement son support principal. Parti d’images spécifiques, nous ne pouvons qu’aboutir à l’exploration d’un univers visuel multiple et intermédiatique. Sans cela, l’étude des images de comic books risque de servir uniquement de confirmation à des savoirs déjà établis, plutôt que nous apprendre quelque chose sur la société qui les produit et les consomme.
Images médicales entre art et science
Authors: Horio Monteiro Rosana
Published: December 2008

Résumé Cet article est une partie d’un travail en cours, qui vise à étudier les interactions entre l’art et les images scientifiques. Il évoque notamment les œuvres de l’artiste brésilienne Monica Mansur et explore des questions telles que : comment les images de rayons X, d’endoscopie, d’ultrason, de tomographie interagissent-elles avec les interprétations culturelles et comment sont-elles réappliquées dans le contexte non médical ? Comment les concepts de public et de privé sont-ils (re)signifiés ? Comment les corps scientifiques médicalisés sont-ils (re)construits dans le scénario artistique ? Les images sont conçues comme des objets culturels.
La femme des foules : la passante, la mode et la ville
Authors: Rocamora Agnès
Published: December 2008

Résumé Cet article interroge l’appropriation de la figure de la passante dans les images de mode. Contrastant cette figure avec celle du flâneur, il analyse le thème du genre des pratiques de la ville et des présences masculines et féminines en ses rues. Le jeu du regard propre à la ville – l’observation de l’autre et de son apparence – est analysé à travers la représentation, dans les magazines de mode, de la présence féminine dans l’espace urbain et l’invocation du thème de la passante. Appropriée par le discours de mode, cette dernière permet l’articulation de différentes expériences de lecture et le positionnement des lectrices à la fois comme sujets actifs et objets passifs d’un regard par l’intermédiaire duquel se joue l’identité féminine.
Techniques du corps et communication ritualisée. À propos de la culture du boire en Corée
Authors: Lee Sang-Gil
Published: December 2008

Résumé L’orgie est un rituel profane quotidien dans la société coréenne. En ce sens, il nous semble qu’elle peut montrer quelques caractéristiques significatives de la culture coréenne. Dans cet article, nous avons analysé le cadrage spatio-temporel et une chaîne de techniques corporelles qui constituent l’orgie ordinaire. L’orgiasme coréen avec ses techniques du corps fonde l’esprit de communauté, le sentiment de solidarité avec le groupe lui-même et avec ses membres. Ce qui naît et renaît à travers ce rituel quotidien, ce n’est rien d’autre que l’ éthos collectif proprement mondain. Il sert à renforcer très souvent le sectarisme répandu dans la société coréenne. Il ne faudrait pas oublier non plus que les femmes sont ordinairement exclues de ce jeu autour de l’alcool. En effet, l’orgiasme appartient encore à la culture masculine, malgré quelques signes de changement comme la croissance récente de la population féminine qui boit.
Les Alexandrie de Constantin Cavafy : le lieu et l'imaginaire. Hommage à Gilbert Durand
Authors: Christias Panagiotis
Published: December 2008

Résumé Quand Constantin Cavafy parle d’Alexandrie, il ne se réfère ni au port ni à la ville industrielle de 1900. Ses poèmes sont traversés par des spectres d’anciennes époques. Comme l’a démontré Edmund Keeley, dans l’œuvre de l’Alexandrin existent cinq au moins espaces imaginaux qui répondent au nom d’Alexandrie. Mais il y a aussi une sixième, l’Alexandrie platonicienne, celle qui rend possible la présence des autres, celle qui fonctionne comme matrice ou comme Chôra , pour parler la langue du dialogue platonicien Timée . Tout comme l’Alexandrie platonicienne reste cachée dans l’œuvre de l’Alexandrin, de même le platonisme reste en retraite dans la théorie de l’imaginaire. En étudiant donc la philosophie poétique de Cavafy, nous nous initions en même temps dans les arcanes de la généalogie de l’imaginaire, de Platon à Avicenne et de là à Henri Corbin et à Gilbert Durand.
La Mode et la Mort. Réflexions sur W. Benjamin
Authors: Rafele Antonio
Published: December 2008

Résumé Cet article propose l’articulation de certaines modifications que le pouvoir social de la Mode (personnifiée dans le dialogue de Leopardi) produit sur le système perceptif, à travers un ensemble de textes de Leopardi, Simmel, Benjamin, Baudrillard, Abruzzese et Maffesoli. Plus précisément, nous nous intéresserons à la redéfinition de l’image de la Mort que la Mode ou la société de la consumation (Maffesoli 2000) apporte. La Mode dépasse l’antique opposition vie/mort et génère une dimension dans laquelle vie et mort correspondent à la dialectique entre la nouveauté et la consumation d’une forme ou d’un désir.
La perception de l'hyperville : du nomadisme contextuel vers l'errance hypertextuelle
Authors: Bello Marcano Manuel
Published: December 2008

Résumé Les pratiques actuelles du fait urbain mettent en évidence un démembrement de la perception urbaine et constituent, en conséquence, une incidence dans la composition et la morphologie de nos villes contemporaines. Ainsi le nomadisme, comportement archétypique de l’homme au long de l’histoire et phénomène fétiche du présent, semble passer du contexte à l’hypertexte dans son rapport à l’espace urbain. Manifestations d’ubiquité, de réseaux et d’émotions, commencent à structurer la ville d’aujourd’hui. Alors, quels seront les éléments qui permettront la compréhension et la perception de cette hyperville contemporaine ?
Les monuments post-communistes de Bucarest entre « espace public » et « espace social »
Authors: Lazea Andrea
Published: December 2008

Résumé L’espace social urbain se crée dans la jonction entre les actions publiques et privées relatives à l’espace public et à l’expérience quotidienne de cet espace. L’élément qui lie l’« espace public » et l’« espace social » est l’accessibilité, c’est-à-dire la capacité de l’espace urbain physique de communiquer avec les citadins, de se faire accepter et de participer à la vie urbaine. Dans cet article sont présentés les résultats d’une recherche menée sur les commandes des monuments post-communistes de Bucarest, dans cette perspective relationnelle. La notion de « sphère publique » est aussi investiguée en relation avec la production des monuments.
Hypermobilités et territorialisation. Une fiction ?
Authors: Pascual Juan Emilio , Sferco Senda Inés
Published: December 2008

Résumé Notre travail analyse la mobilité comme une question politique clé pour comprendre nos mondes contemporains. Les transformations des rapports de pouvoir biopolitiques actuelles tracent un horizon où le contrôle sur les personnes apparaît de plus en plus signé par la territorialité et la distinction « dedans »/« dehors ». Pour focaliser ces questions qui deviennent centrales pour repenser les corps et leur mobilité, nous récupérons l’imagination de futur présentée par le film Code 46 , de Michael Winterbottom, et posons la question suivante : est-il possible de penser une hypermobilité « immobile » quand le contrôle surpasse et incorpore les dispositifs sémiotiques/idéologiques et s’installe au cœur des corps vivants ?
Rituels postmodernes d'immortalité : les cimetières virtuels comme technologie de la mémoire vivante
Authors: Gamba Fiorenza
Published: December 2008

Résumé Cet article donne un aperçu des transformations dans la société postmoderne des rituels les plus traditionnels, les rituels funèbres. La mort, maîtrisée dans la modernité jusqu’au refoulement, acquiert une importance émotionnelle très forte. Ainsi le besoin postmoderne d’une reliance avec ses propres morts, et aussi avec les autres vivants à l’égard des morts, s’exprime dans des espaces insolites , c’est-à-dire technologiques, capables de satisfaire ce besoin. L’insuffisance des rituels traditionnels conjuguée à la diffusion d’Internet montre une resacralisation de la mort qui met en œuvre des rituels plus personnels, plus intimes, mais que l’on peut aisément partager avec n’importe qui. Les cimetières virtuels – objets encore mystérieux à mi-chemin entre les jeux vidéo et les data base – sont des outils technologiques qui se chargent de donner lieu aux émotions les plus profondes et de réaliser à travers ces rituels postmodernes d’immortalité cette mémoire vivante (des vivants et des morts) qui témoigne de ce besoin toujours plus urgent de re-sacralisation.
Du travail à l'œuvre
Authors: Mejjad Jawad
Published: December 2008

Résumé Autant le travail était l’élément structurant de la modernité à travers lequel l’individu se réalisait, autant sa valeur semble se ternir, entraînée dans le sillage de l’effondrement de l’ensemble des valeurs de la modernité, et en premier lieu la croyance en des lendemains qui chantent et en des projets dont le principe est un report de la jouissance. Le mot d’ordre est plutôt ici et maintenant, et dans ce contexte, la valeur travail est en mutation.
Le traitement juridique de la prostitution
Authors: Maffesoli Sarah-Marie
Published: December 2008

Résumé La prostitution est un sujet d’étude peu couru par les juristes. Néanmoins, il illustre fort bien les difficiles rapports qu’entretiennent le droit et la morale dans le cadre d’une démocratie libérale. Nous nous attacherons ici à définir le régime juridique de la prostitution, en pointant particulièrement les paradoxes qu’il incarne, entre ignorance par le droit, lutte contre cette activité et début de réglementation. Une fois ce terrain défriché, nous étudierons les implications juridiques, en termes plus généraux, de l’application d’un tel régime à l’activité prostitutionnelle posant en question la conception de la dignité de la personne humaine issue d’un tel régime, ainsi que celle du refus de reconnaissance juridique d’une activité.
La fabrique de la passe
Authors: Canarelli Paul , Deschamps Catherine
Published: December 2008

Résumé La prostitution est un phénomène anthropologique en ce sens qu’elle questionne les fondements sociaux et les logiques humaines souterraines. Cet article, via des rencontres avec différentes personnes prostituées, interroge ce qu’on veut peut-être en cacher en l’écrasant, au travers des analyses les plus fréquentes, sous des données économiques et mesurables. Il questionne également les tentatives de discipline de la prostitution mises en œuvre par les appareils institutionnels et législatifs.
« La prostitution est un métier ». Paroles croisées
Authors: Delory-Momberger Christine
Published: December 2008

Résumé Dans un entretien à plusieurs voix avec Christine Delory-Momberger, des travailleuses du sexe de divers pays européens évoquent les conditions dans lesquelles elles exercent aujourd’hui leur activité professionnelle ; elles soulignent la dimension sociale et psychologique de la prostitution, affirment leur implication personnelle (voire intime et sexuelle) et mettent l’accent sur les compétences et les valeurs requises pour l’exercice de leur métier.
Trottoirs, impasses et sens interdits
Authors: Duborjal Stéphane
Published: December 2008

Résumé Après une brève présentation de Cabiria et Grisélidis, associations de santé communautaire travaillant pour et avec les personnes prostituées, il s’agira plus précisément d’appréhender la rupture que ces associations ont initiée dans l’approche et le traitement de la prostitution. Nous montrerons que, depuis l’entrée en vigueur de la Loi pour la Sécurité Intérieure, leur engagement et leur militantisme sont plus que jamais nécessaires, mais également que face à la répression, hier comme aujourd’hui, les personnes prostituées se mobilisent et résistent.
Géographies du marché du sexe : entre dynamiques urbaines, économiques et politiques
Authors: Chimienti Milena , Földhàzi Àgi
Published: December 2008

Résumé Cet article questionne au travers du marché du sexe, la place accordée à la sexualité dans la ville, la délimitation entre sexualité légitime et illégitime, la construction sociale de cette spatialité sexuelle, et ses dimensions constitutives. L’analyse des dynamiques urbaines, économiques et politiques qui touchent le marché du sexe permet de comprendre les nouvelles questions sociales spécifiques à la sexualité tarifée. L’analyse du cas genevois vient ensuite compléter ces réflexions par une illustration empirique.
Understanding the market dynamics of entrepreneurial networks
Authors: Ng Desmond
Published: December 2008

Austrian economic explanations of market processes have gained considerable attention by management researchers. A central tenet of the Austrian school is that non-equilibrium market processes are primarily attributed to the subjective behaviors of entrepreneurs. Yet, human actions are not only determined by entrepreneur’s unique preferences and experiences, but they are also determined by the actions of connected others. As a result, subjective explanations of market processes are extended to account for the social relationships of human action. A conceptual model that underscores the social networks of subjective and alert entrepreneurs was developed and examined in an agent based-simulation setting. The contributions and implications of this study are also discussed.
Innovation and collaboration in traditional food chain networks
Authors: Gellynck Xavier , Kühne Bianka
Published: December 2008

This paper aims to explore innovations implemented by SMEs in the traditional food sector and how chain network members are contributing to this process. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with suppliers, food manufacturers and customers in three European countries with different cultural backgrounds (Italy, Hungary and Belgium). The results show that the members of traditional food chain networks focus mainly on product innovation and least on organisational innovation. Collaboration between the chain network members is an important factor for enhancing the innovation competence of the firms. However, the collaboration intensity depends on the position of the members in the chain network. Further studies could focus on quantitative research to determine whether a higher level of collaboration among all chain network members leads to a higher level of innovation competence in SMEs. Moreover, the direction of the relationship between innovation competence and collaboration should be explored.