bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Coronavirus in Rats: A Potential Zoonotic Threat
Authors: Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila , Abd Rahaman Yasmin , Farzee Faranieyza-Afiqah , Abdul Rahman Nawal-Amani , Arshad Siti Suri , Mohamed Sohaimi Norfitriah
Published: June 2023

The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the Coronaviridae family as a threat to public health in the emergence of a deadly zoonotic disease. Rats are the possible primary host of the infection as they are highly populated in urban areas, creating a significant epidemic risk. The tendency of coronaviruses (CoVs) to overcome species barriers and adapt to hosts typically found close to humans emphasised the need for further study on coronavirus infection. Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) and Parker’s rat coronavirus (PRC) are the most commonly isolated pathogens for coronavirus infections in the laboratory and wild rats. They are contagious and could be transmitted to susceptible rats by direct contact, fomites, or aerosol. Coronavirus genera include Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus, which are restricted to bats and other mammalian hosts, while the Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus are restricted to birds. All known rat coronaviruses are members of the beta genus. Betacoronavirus are divided into five subgenera, i.e., Embecovirus, Hibecovirus, Merbecovirus, Nobecovirus, and Sarbecovirus. All rat coronaviruses are categorised as the Embecovirus subgenus. Most studies have proven that rat coronaviruses are responsible for hepatitis, enteritis, reproductive problems, and respiratory and salivary gland infections, including episcleritis, and dacryoadenitis. The scant literature data, mostly comprising publications from the last century, does not adequately explain the etiopathology of SDAV and PRC infections. This review provides an overview of the knowledge on the characteristics, transmission, clinical signs, pathology, and diagnosis of rat coronaviruses, besides better understanding their zoonotic potentials.
Levels of sex steroids in lung tissues of patients with non‑small cell lung cancer after COVID‑19 of different severity
Authors: Kit O. I. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Kharagezov D. A. , Bandovkina V. A. , Shikhlyarova A. I. , Cheryarina N. D. , Pogorelova Yu. A. , Lazutin Yu. N. , Milakin A. G. , Leyman I. A. , Stateshny O. N. , Ayrapetova T. G. , Goroshinskaya I. A.
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study. To analyze levels of sex hormones and cortisol in lung tissues of patients with lung cancer with previous COVID‑19 of different severity.

Materials and methods. The material for the study included samples of lung tissues obtained after open biopsy at radical surgery from 60 patients with morphologically verified stage I–IIIA non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (сT1–3NХ M0). The mean age of patients was 59.11 ± 2.9 years. All patients had negative results of SARS‑CoV‑2 nasopharyngeal swab PCR testing at hospitalization. Based on the anamnestic data collected using a special questionnaire, the main and control groups were formed depending on COVID‑19 severity. The main group included 30 NSCLC patients (15 men and 15 women) after severe or moderate COVID‑19 who had required hospitalization; the control group included 30 patients with NSCLC after asymptomatic or mild SARS‑CoV‑2 infection. All patients underwent COVID‑19 infection for 3 months or more before the start of NSCLC treatment. Quantitative assessment of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), progesterone (P4) and cortisol (C) was performed by RIA in 10 % homogenates of the tumor and resection line tissues.

Results. Resection line tissues in women of the main group showed an increase of E2 by 1.7 times, C by 1.6 times, P4 by 4.1 times, and a decrease of T by 1.3 times; in men, levels of T and P4 were increased on average by 1.8 times (p < 0.05). Tumor samples in men and women of the main group demonstrated increased E2 by 1.7 times, and C by 1.8 times in women only (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. Severe COVID‑19 changed the hormonal profile of unaffected lung tissues, especially in women, and the tumor itself. Most likely, we should expect the increase in the incidence of lung cancer, especially in females, and also changes in its course, response to antitumor therapy and, possibly, higher rates of complications and adverse outcomes.
Radiographic methods of examination of the thoracic cavity organs in the elderly: age characteristics, norms and pathology
Authors: Riaskin K. A. , Titova L. A. , Moshurov I. P. , Ganzya M. S.
Published: June 2023

Prolongation of a healthy life duration is one of the priority tasks in terms of solving the problem of quality and safety of medical activity. Respiratory diseases account for the significant amount in the morbidity structure of the geriatric population. Such diseases include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma and acute respiratory viral diseases, which, in combination with other pathological conditions, contribute to an increase in morbidity and mortality of the population in this group. These diseases among the geriatric population are characterized by a latent onset, the absence of obvious clinical manifestations, monotony of symptoms, the presence of combined pathologies, which can lead to erroneous diagnoses. X‑ray research methods play a key role in the diagnosis of pathologies of respiratory diseases. However, it is necessary to correctly assess the age‑related processes that cause morphological changes in the chest, and adequately differentiate them from the obvious manifestations of diseases. The role of the radiologist in this can be decisive. The joint work of geriatricians, radiologists, pulmonologists will help to provide a clear comprehensive assessment and interpretation of the visualization of various conditions of the respiratory system in the elderly.

In this review, the features of chest radiography in elderly patients associated with age‑related changes are analyzed and their differentiation with pathological manifestations is carried.
Morphometric parameters of pelvic lymph nodes in experimental metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Astashov V. V. , Kulchenko N. G.
Published: June 2023

The study purpose. Identification of structural and functional changes in pelvic lymph nodes in experimental metastatic prostate cancer.

Materials and methods. The study included 30 male mice aged 3 months. All animals (n = 30) were divided into 2 groups. The first group (the main one, n = 20) included mice that had a model of metastatic prostate cancer created by transplanting an Ehrlich tumor into the prostate parenchyma. These animals were further divided into two equal subgroups: 1a (n = 10) – mice were withdrawn from the experiment on day 7; 1b (n = 10) – mice were withdrawn from the experiment on day 18. The second group (n = 10) included mice that were not manipulated, they made up the control group. After the end of the experiment, morphological analysis of the prostate gland and regional (pelvic) lymph nodes in mice of both groups was performed using light microscopy. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 8.0 software package. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results. When compared to the control group the mice of groups 1a and 1b, the prostate parenchyma was almost completely replaced by atypical cells, which demonstrates the presence of neoplastic processes in the prostate gland. In group 1a mice, the number of pelvic lymph nodes was 1.9 times as large, and in group 1b animals, this indicator was 2.7 times higher compared to the second group (p < 0.01). In animals of the first group, the proportion of mast cells in the pelvic lymph nodes increased by 121 % compared to the control group (p < 0.01). At the same time, we revealed a direct relationship of mast cells with the number of tumor cells and immunoblasts in the medullar sinuses, which indicates the participation of tissue basophils in tumor metastasis. We also recorded a significant increase in the area of the medullar sinuses of regional lymph nodes in animals of groups 1a by 12.4 % (p < 0.05) and 1b by 20.2 % (p < 0.01) against the background of an increase in the number of mast cells in this zone compared to the control group, which indicates the possible participation of mast cells in lymphangiogenesis.

Conclusion. Mast cells can potentially play a role in the development of malignant neoplasms of the prostate gland. The number of mast cells increases in pelvic lymph nodes in animals with a created model of metastatic prostate cancer. The obtained direct dependence of the increase in the number of mast cells and the increase in the number of tumor cells with immunoblasts suggests the participation of tissue basophils in the spread of metastases. It can be assumed that infiltration of lymph nodes by mast cells may correlate with a poor prognosis of prostate cancer, since these granulocytes contribute to tumor metastasis.
Comparative Evaluation of the Possibilities of Radiomic Аnalysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Differential Diagnostics of Primary Extra-Axial Intracranial Tumors
Authors: Surovcev E. N. , Kapishnikov A. V. , Kolsanov A. V.
Published: June 2023

Purpose of the study. Comparing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abilities in differential diagnostic of three types of primary extra‑ axial brain tumors (benign and malignant meningiomas, and neuromas) based on standard semiotics and radiomic features.

Patients and methods. Retrospective research included 66 patients with primary extra‑a xial tumors who were divided into two groups: the instructional (39 patients) and the valid (27 patients). MRI was used towards all patients before surgery. The one method of statistical modeling – discriminant analysis – was used to compare the abilities of differential diagnostic based on semiotic features and radiomic parameters.

Results. The features of tumor semiotics MRI didn’t allow to differentiate effectively benign and malignant meningiomas. Several parameters were certainly varied for all those tumor types (neuromas, benign and malignant meningiomas). The modelling based on the discriminant analysis demonstrated that radiomic features can be used for primary extra‑a xial tumors differential diagnostic. The area of the radiomic model ROC‑curve took 0.86 which exceeds the result of the model based on semiotic features (AUC 0.78).

Conclusion. The best results of the tumors classification by radiomic model demonstrate expediency to continue research the primary extra‑ axial tumors differential diagnostic with support of histogram and textural parameters of MRI imaging.
Retrospective analysis of the provision of urological care to patients with chronic balanoposthitis against the background of carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Authors: Frantsev R. S. , Frantseva A. P.
Published: June 2023

The study purpose. To conduct a retrospective analysis of the results of providing urological care to patients with chronic balanoposthitis on the background of carbohydrate metabolism disorders..

Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of phimosis due to chronic balanoposthitis in 95 patients was carried out. All patients were divided into two groups. The 1st group included men who showed signs of impaired carbohydrate metabolism (n = 41; 43.1 %). The 2nd group consisted of patients who had no metabolic disorders (n = 54; 56.9 %). The average age of 41 men of the first group was 48.2 ± 17.5 years, the second group of 54 men – 44.6 ± 15.3 years (p > 0.05). According to the indications, all patients underwent local therapy with antiseptics and antimicrobial drugs. In the presence of frequent relapses of balanoposthitis, persistent pain syndrome, the presence of phimosis according to the indications, circumcision of the foreskin was performed. In all patients, the time of surgery, the volume of blood loss during circumcision, and the duration of wound healing were evaluated. We considered the clinical case completed after complete regeneration of the wound.

Results. Conservative therapy of balanoposthitis in patients without impaired carbohydrate metabolism was effective in 85.1 %, and in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) only in 9.7 %. Consequently, hyperglycemia reduces the effectiveness of conservative therapy of this disease by eight times. In patients with DM2, circumcision was performed 4.6 times more often than in the control group. The correlation of signs of hyperglycemia and the need for surgical treatment of balanoposthitis was 0.66. The duration of circumcision in group 1 was longer by 7.3 ± 3.6 min. compared with the second group (p < 0.05). Wound healing in patients with DM2 was observed almost twice as long (p < 0.05). Thus, with DM2, balanoposthitis is more difficult to treat. If balanoposthitis has a recurrent course, then circumcision can be considered as the final treatment option.

Conclusion. Balanoposthitis in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism often has a chronic form. In patients with DM2, conservative therapy of inflammation of the foreskin of the penis is effective in one out of ten cases. In adult men, balanoposthitis was more common in middle and old age. Among patients of this age, 11 (26.8 %) people had hyperglycemia for the first time. Consequently, men of the above age may be at risk and need more careful examination of the external genitalia and control of the level of glycemia.
Healing of a skin wound when using Trigonella foenum‑graecum against the background of experimental steroid hyperglycemia
Authors: Balykova L. A. , Inchina V. I. , Tarasova  T. V. , Myandina G. I. , Khaydar D. A. , Korovyakova E. A. , Mosina L. M. , Saushev I. V. , Tarasov R. S. , Bayburina G. A. , Bayburina D. E. , Trubitsyna I. E.
Published: June 2023

Purpose. To evaluate the intensity of healing of an infected skin wound in rats using Trigonella foenum- graecum (Fenugreek) against the background of experimental steroid hyperglycemia.

Materials and methods. The rats included in the study (n = 20) were divided into two equal groups. First, a model of steroid hyperglycemia was created for all animals. Then the same animals (n = 20) were used to create models of infected skin wound. The rats of the first group (the main one) were treated with wound surface ointment containing Trigonella foenum- graecum. Also, Trigonella foenum- graecum extract was constantly added to the water for the rats of the first group. Intact vaseline ointment was applied to the wound of the second group (control) rats. After 5 days, we evaluated the wound regeneration activity, blood glucose levels, and blood panel in all animals.

Results. This study showed several positive aspects of the use of Trigonella foenum-g raecum in terms of treatment of infected skin wounds in animals with steroid hyperglycemia. The decrease in glucose levels almost to baseline values in the rats of the main group against the background of oral administration of Trigonella foenum-g raecum was recorded. By the end of the observation, the level of glycemia was almost two times less in animals of the first group compared to the second (p < 0.05). In animals of the first group, the number of leukocytes was higher compared to the second group, but this difference was not significant. However, we recorded a significant increase in the number of granulocytes by more than two times (p < 0.05), which indicates the immunomodulatory property of Trigonella foenum- graecum, which affected the regeneration activity of the infected wound in a positive way in rats of the first group.

Conclusion. As a result of this study, promising prospects have been obtained for the use of the plant‑ derived drug Trigonella foenum- graecum in the correction of hyperglycemia and the treatment of infected wounds. Application of fenugreek topically in the form of an extract reduced inflammation and improved wound healing in rats suffering from steroid hyperglycemia.
Paget’s disease of the breast: a contemporary perspective
Authors: Yemelyanova O. O. , Zikiryakhodzhaev A. D. , Volchenko N. N. , Efanov V. V.
Published: June 2023

The treatment strategy for Paget’s breast cancer (PBC), as for other morphological forms, is determined by the spread of the invasive tumor process, as well as the absence or presence of adverse factors. Significant prognostic factors, e.g. the invasive component of Paget’s cancer, the involvement status of regional lymph nodes, morphological criteria, the grade of malignancy, overexpression of epidermal growth factor Her2/neu, the presence of BRCA 1/2 and CHEK2 gene mutations, as well as age, affect the prognosis of Paget’s disease. According to various sources, PBC in 90–98 % is combined with invasive or non‑invasive breast cancer. For the most part, the lesion is multifocal. There’s high expectation for PBC to form tumor node. A palpable tumor node in the mammary gland is detected in half of the patients. PBC has certain features and specificity in relation to treatment methods. The method of radical surgical treatment of patients is primarily based on performing oncoplastic resections. Sufficient breast volume is a significant criterion for the possibility of performing an organ‑ preserving operation. The organ‑ preserving treatment is oncologically safe in case of PBC. The removal of the nipple‑ areolar complex is mandatory in case of PBC. It is possible to improve survival statistics by analyzing the biological characteristics of the tumor and developing a more accurate approach to the treatment of patients in this category. Determining clear indications for organ‑p reserving operations is the main opportunity to improve the quality of life of patients and their further rehabilitation.
A REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN STRUCTURAL AND INVESTMENT FUNDS IN HEALTH
Authors:   Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Faculty of Economics and Tourism “Dr. Mijo Mirković”, Tijanić Lela , Kersan-Škabić Ines
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper is to investigate different aspects and give a synthesized review on the importance of the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIFs) in health, an area that is less studied in previous research about the investments of the EU funds in the EU. Based on theoretical review, the paper confirms that health can be connected with most of the investment priorities of the EU cohesion policy. Regarding the structure of the ESIFs in health, the results of the multivariate cluster analysis show that EU Member States which have higher regional inequalities in health, lower public health service capacities, lower government expenditure on health and lower self-reported health as good or very good direct a significant share of funds to finance health infrastructure and access to health. In the context of building resilient societies, in using different investment opportunities of the ESIFs for health, it is necessary to strengthen other fields related to health, to combine instruments of financing through an integrative approach and to monitor and evaluate the effects of investments continually.
Parameter measurement of cable lead sealing using an eddy current system
Authors: Shao Qianqiu , Fan Songhai
Published: June 2023

Lead sealing is one of the key accessories for high-voltage cables and its quality directly affects the security and stability of such cables. In order to reduce the accident rate in power processing caused by lead sealing issues, it is necessary to carry out non-destructive testing
and evaluation. Due to the bending surface of lead sealings, it is difficult to detect their conductivity and thickness accurately using existing eddy current (EC) testing methods. In this paper, measurements of conductivity and thickness for curved specimens are analysed and an accurate method
is subsequently proposed. Firstly, the measurement methods of conductivity and thickness are established based on the transformer model. It is found that the conductivity and thickness can be detected using phase signature at high and low frequencies, respectively. Secondly, the influence
of curvature on the phase signature is analysed and the conductivity and thickness measurements of lead sealing are corrected using curvature correction coefficients. Finally, an EC system is built and experiments are carried out to evaluate the novel methods. The results show that the methods
achieve a good level of accuracy in detecting the conductivity and thickness of curved lead sealings.
Research on magnetic inversion in alternating current magnetic flux leakage testing
Authors: Wang Gang , Liang Ce , Song Huadong , Xiao Qi , Zhong Yuan
Published: June 2023

Defects bring significant security risks to pipelines, which are essential carriers in oil and gas transportation. However, when alternating current magnetic flux leakage (AC-MFL) testing is applied to pipeline defect detection, the morphological reversal of the detection signal under
specific parameters has adverse effects on defect identification and quantification. This paper identifies and explains the phenomenon of detection signal morphological reversal in AC-MFL testing, which is defined as magnetic inversion (MI). Based on the AC-MFL testing mechanism, the causes
of MI are analysed. The influence of the excitation current frequency, excitation current intensity and defect depth on MI is numerically analysed using the finite element method. The excitation current frequency and the defect depth are important factors causing MI, but the excitation current
density is not. MI only occurs when deep defects are detected under low-frequency excitation. The boundary conditions of AC-MFL testing are further clarified.
Arrival-time detection with histogram distance for acoustic emission signals
Authors: Yang Zhensheng , Xu Handong , Gu Bangping
Published: June 2023

Arrival-time picking is a fundamental step in time-of-arrival (TOA)-based localisation in current and future acoustic emission (AE), microseismic and seismic localisation systems. The accurate detection of TOA is of great importance for high localisation accuracy. This work presents
a histogram distance-based method for TOA detection of elastic wave signals. The authors treat an original elastic waveform that includes the arrival as two different locally stationary segments, namely the intervals following and preceding arrival. To determine the optimal separation of these
two stationary segments, ie the arrival time, histograms of these intervals are calculated and a measure of the distance between them modified from the Bhattacharyya coefficient is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using TOA picking for AE. The method is shown to
provide accurate and robust picks on AE signals under various signal-to-noise ratios. To evaluate the adaptability of the method to other TOA picking scenarios, it is applied to detect the seismic P-phase. The detection accuracy is adequate and errors are constrained to within a few seconds.
Factors that influence the detection accuracy are discussed. The results suggest that the proposed method has the potential to detect TOA in various fields.
Ciudadanías desbordadas: apuntes sobre agua y comunidad en tres prácticas artísticas
Authors: Ponce de León Alejandro
Published: June 2023

El agua se presenta en las obras de las artistas  Diana Marcela Buitrón, Dayana Camacho y Mariangela Aponte, y argumenta que los excesos de los cuerpos de agua en la práctica artística pueden ser considerados intervenciones éticas y políticas en la conversación sobre el cuidado y la reparación de las ecologías líquidas en el territorio. El ensayo tiene dos objetivos: abrir una reflexión sobre las múltiples crisis del agua y cómo estas demandan nuevas formas de habitar el presente en comunidad, y destacar la capacidad generativa de las prácticas artísticas para proponer formas más justas, inclusivas y sostenibles de relacionarse.
Multimaterial and multiscale scaffold for engineering enthesis organ
Authors: Micalizzi Simone , Russo Lara , Giacomelli Chiara , Montemurro Francesca , Maria Carmelo de , Nencioni Martina , Marchetti Laura , Trincavelli Maria Letizia , Vozzi Giovanni
Published: June 2023

Tendon and ligament injuries are relevant clinical problems in modern society, and the current medical approaches do not guarantee complete recovery of the physiological functionalities. Moreover, they present a non-negligible failure rate after surgery. Failures often occur at the enthesis, which is the area of tendons and ligaments insertion to bones. This area is highly anisotropic and composed of four distinct zones: tendon or ligament, non-mineralized fibrocartilage, mineralized fibrocartilage, and bone. The organization of these regions provides a gradient in mechanical properties, biochemical composition, cellular phenotype, and extracellular matrix organization. Tissue engineering represents an alternative to traditional medical approaches. This work presents a novel biofabrication approach for engineering the enthesis. Gradient-based scaffolds were fabricated by exploiting the combination of electrospinning and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies. Studies were conducted to evaluate scaffold biocompatibility by seeding bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Then, the scaffold’s ability to promote cellular adhesion, growth, proliferation, and differentiation in both tenogenic and osteogenic phenotypes was evaluated. Fabricated scaffolds were also morphologically and mechanically characterized, showing optimal properties comparable to literature data. The versatility and potentiality of this novel biofabrication approach were demonstrated by fabricating clinical-size 3D enthesis scaffolds. The mechanical characterization highlighted their behavior during a tensile test was comparable to tendons and ligaments in vivo.
Smart implants: 4D-printed shape-morphing scaffolds for medical implantation
Authors: Qu Guiwen , Huang Jinjian , Gu Guosheng , Li Zongan , Wu Xiuwen , Ren Jianan
Published: June 2023

Biomedical implants have recently shown excellent application potential in tissue repair and replacement. Applying three-dimensional (3D) printing to implant scaffold fabrication can help to address individual needs more precisely. Fourdimensional (4D) printing emerges rapidly based on the development of shaperesponsive materials and design methods, which makes the production of dynamic functional implants possible. Smart implants can be pre-designed to respond to endogenous or exogenous stimuli and perform seamless integration with regular/ irregular tissue defects, defect-luminal organs, or curved structures via programmed shape morphing. At the same time, they offer great advantages in minimally invasive surgery due to the small-to-large volume transition. In addition, 4D-printed cellular scaffolds can generate extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic structures that interact with the contacting cells, expanding the possible sources of tissue/organ grafts and substitutes. This review summarizes the typical technologies and materials of 4D-printed scaffolds, and the programming designs and applications of these scaffolds are further highlighted. Finally, we propose the prospects and outlook of 4D-printed shape-morphing implants.
3D printing of mechanically tough and self-healing hydrogels with carbon nanotube fillers
Authors: Kim Soo A , Lee Yeontaek , Park Kijun , Park Jae , An Soohwan , Oh Jinseok , Kang Minkyong , Lee Yurim , Jo Yejin , Cho Seung-Woo , Seo Jungmok
Published: June 2023

Hydrogels have the potential to play a crucial role in bioelectronics, as they share many properties with human tissues. However, to effectively bridge the gap between electronics and biological systems, hydrogels must possess multiple functionalities, including toughness, stretchability, self-healing ability, three-dimensional (3D) printability, and electrical conductivity. Fabricating such tough and self-healing materials has been reported, but it still remains a challenge to fulfill all of those features, and in particular, 3D printing of hydrogel is in the early stage of the research. In this paper, we present a 3D printable, tough, and self-healing multi-functional hydrogel in one platform made from a blend of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), tannic acid (TA), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel ink (PVA/TA/PAA hydrogel ink). Based on a reversible hydrogen-bond (H-bond)-based double network, the developed 3D printable hydrogel ink showed excellent printability via shear-thinning behavior, allowing high printing resolution (~100 μm) and successful fabrication of 3D-printed structure by layer-by-layer printing. Moreover, the PVA/TA/PAA hydrogel ink exhibited high toughness (tensile loading of up to ~45.6 kPa), stretchability (elongation of approximately 650%), tissue-like Young’s modulus (~15 kPa), and self-healing ability within 5 min. Furthermore, carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers were successfully added to enhance the electrical conductivity of the hydrogel. We confirmed the practicality of the hydrogel inks for bioelectronics by demonstrating biocompatibility, tissue adhesiveness, and strain sensing ability through PVA/TA/PAA/CNT hydrogel ink.
Photocurable 3D-printed PMBG/TCP biphasic scaffold mimicking vasculature for bone regeneration
Authors: Zhang Changru , Ren Ya , Kong Weiqing , Liu Yihao , Li Heyue , Yang Han , Cai Bin , Dai Kerong , Wang Chengwei , Tang Liang , Niu Haoyi , Wang Jinwu
Published: June 2023

Mesoporous bioglass (MBG) with excellent osteointegration, osteoinduction, and biodegradability is a promising material for bone regeneration. However, its clinical application is hindered by complex processing and a lack of personalization, low mechanical strength, and uncontrollable degradation rate. In this study, we developed a double-bond-functionalized photocurable mesoporous bioglass (PMBG) sol that enabled ultrafast photopolymerization within 5 s. By further integrating nanosized tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles through three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, we fabricated personalized and highly porous PMBG/TCP biphasic scaffolds. The mechanical properties and degradation behavior of the scaffolds were regulated by varying the amount of TCP doping. In vitro and in vivo experiments verified that PMBG/TCP scaffolds slowly released SiO4 4- and Ca2+, forming a vascularized bone regeneration microenvironment within the fully interconnected pore channels of the scaffold. This microenvironment promoted angiogenesis and accelerated bone tissue regeneration. Overall, this work demonstrates the solution to the problem of complex processing and lack of personalization in bioglass scaffolds, and the developed PMBG/TCP biphasic scaffold is an ideal material for bone regeneration applications with broad clinical prospects.
Urgent intraoperative cytological diagnosis of spherical mass lesions in the lungs
Authors: Kruglova I. A. , Paranina T. V. , Zinoviev S. V. , Utkin O. V. , Denisenko A. N.
Published: June 2023

Differential diagnosis of pulmonary mass lesions is one of the most difficult tasks not only in pulmonology but also in phthisiology, because clinical manifestations, data from visual and laboratory examinations are undifferentiated in the early stages. In the case of an unclear diagnosis, morphological verification of the process played a crucial role. Urgent intraoperative examination is the most difficult option for morphologic verification of lung lesions, which requires a quick, detailed, and accurate answer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance and efficacy of urgent intraoperative cytologic examination in the differential diagnosis between granulomatous (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis), tumor and tumor-like lesions of the lung.

Methods. The results of urgent intraoperative cytologic examination of 173 tissue specimens from lung masses were retrospectively analyzed. Cytologic specimens were stained by the May – Grunwald – Giemse and Ziehl – Neelsen methods and then visualized on a Zeiss Lab A1 microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany). The obtained data are compared with the results of histological examination. To evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative cytologic examination, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated.

Results. Analysis of the results of urgent cytological examinations (n = 173) shows that granulomatosis (tuberculosis/sarcoidosis) was established in 64.7% of cases, malignancy – in 31 cases (cancer – 9.2%, carcinoid tumor – 2.9%, malignant neoplasm of unclear etiology – 4%, suspected malignant lesion – 1.7%); benign process – in 9.2% of cases (hamartoma + chondroma – 5.2%, chronic inflammation – 4%). 1.2% of the cases had no diagnostic material. When comparing the obtained results, there was a discrepancy between the histological picture (2.9% of cases) and the primary clinical diagnosis (5.7% of cases). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of cytologic examination of intraoperative material amounted to 95.9, 71, and 98%, respectively.

Conclusion. The high sensitivity and accuracy (> 90%) of urgent cytologic diagnosis of pathologic processes in the lung under intraoperative conditions were demonstrated by the correct assessment of morphologic signs of a given lesion and by their comparison with the clinical picture and the results of additional examinations. Analysis of cytological specimens showed that urgent cytological examination significantly complements the morphological picture of lung lesions and can be considered as the first stage of phenotypic diagnosis.
Psychosomatic functional disorders in pulmonary practice
Authors: Ovcharenko S. I. , Troshina D. V. , Sokolova P. S. , Volel B. A.
Published: June 2023

The relevance of studying psychosomatic disorders in somatic clinical practice (including pulmonary practice) stems from the significant prevalence of these disorders, as well as the difficulties in making a differential diagnosis and choosing the most effective tactics for patient management.

The aim of this review was to analyze the available publications on the problem of psychosomatic functional disorders in pulmonary practice, such as hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), including HVS associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, vocal cord dysfunction, and psychogenic cough. The article discusses clinical features of different variants of functional disorders and accompanying psychopathological symptoms (panic attacks, generalized anxiety, etc.), as well as psychogenic factors of their manifestation and changes in the clinical features over time. The corresponding section briefly summarizes current ideas about approaches to effective treatment of this group of disorders and prevention of their chronification.

Conclusion. The clinical heterogeneity of psychosomatic functional disorders in pulmonological practice has been demonstrated, as have important aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
Pulmonary contusion: clinical reasoning
Authors: Chuchalin A. G. , Zaitsev A. A. , Kulikova N. A. , Likhodiy V. I. , Davydov D. V.
Published: June 2023

According to statistics, chest injuries rank third in prevalence and are characterized by high mortality, which is 35 – 45%. This article presents a patient diagnosed and treated for bilateral pulmonary contusion with post-traumatic pneumonitis after a combined mine-explosive injury.

Purpose. Of particular interest to the clinician is the understanding of lung injury from the standpoint of interpretation of diagnosis, methods of diagnosis, and differential diagnosis with pneumonia, prevention of complications, and rational treatment tactics. The terms “pneumonitis” and “pneumonia” are not synonymous. In modern terminology, it is customary to use the term pneumonitis for a pathologic process in the alveoli without an infectious process in the vast majority of cases, and infectious forms of pulmonary inflammation are referred to as pneumonia. In this clinical case (and in similar situations), it is advisable to take into account the pathogenesis of changes in lung tissue after pulmonary contusion, leading to post-traumatic pneumonitis, which often requires additional specific therapy and rehabilitation for rapid recovery of lung function. Proper tactics in prescribing anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs are critical, as is treatment aimed at preventing complications, including prevention of fibrous changes in the lung.

Conclusion. Given the relevance of this topic, it is currently advisable to introduce monitoring of CRP and procalcitonin levels, coagulogram, and gas composition of arterial blood, if necessary, in the patient management. It is advisable to use computed tomography to clarify the nature of the changes. The problem of follow-up and rehabilitation of patients with chest injuries and pulmonary contusion is relevant.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and telomerase complex activity
Authors: Madaeva I. M. , Kurashova N. A. , Berdina O. N. , Titova E. V. , Semenova N. V. , Kolesnikov S. I. , Kolesnikova L. I.
Published: June 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common pathology of the respiratory system characterized by upper airway blockage during sleep. The blockage is caused by intermittent throat collapse and thereby no lung ventilation with preserved respiratory efforts. Earlier we demonstrated that telomeres at the end of chromosomes shorten during intermittent nocturnal hypoxia and sleep fragmentation in OSA patients; the elimination of OSA triggers contributed to an increase in relative telomere length (RTL). The search for the relationship between telomeres and the telomerase complex activity with the sleep stages, as well as indicators of blood oxygen saturation in OSA, seems relevant.

Aim. To evaluate the activity of the telomerase complex main components and to determine its relationship with the sleep phases and the level of desaturation in patients with OSA.

Methods. The main group included 32 men (age 51.2 ± 3.1 years) with complaints of snoring, respiratory arrest during sleep, and increased daytime sleep. The control group consisted of 26 matched volunteers without clinical manifestations of OSA. Patients of both groups did not have any exacerbations of their chronic conditions at baseline. The study included questionnaires, polysomnography monitoring, analysis of the RLT by PCR, ELISA to determine activity of the telomerase complex components, and statistical analysis.

Results. Differences were revealed in the functioning of telomeres and the TERT, TEP1. A positive relationship between the oxygen blood saturation, telomere length and TER1 activity was found in OSA patients.

Conclusion. We have identified the decrease in RTL and the telomerase complex activity and proved their positive relationship with the oxygen saturation during intermittent nocturnal hypoxia in OSA patients.
La corrupción en el sector de la justicia penal: perspectivas para una reforma institucional en América Latina
Authors: Simon Jan-Michael
Published: June 2023

Varios escándalos en América Latina en los últimos años indican que la Corrupción en el Sector de la Justicia Penal (CSJP) podría ser un problema sis-témico en la región. Basado en los factores determinantes, modalidades y tipos de CSJP, este artículo establece un marco conceptual para abordar el fenómeno en la región por medio de reformas institucionales con una perspectiva de dere-chos humanos. El artículo concluye que CSJP, en cualquiera de sus modalidades y tipos, solo puede ser abordada efectivamente, si se atienden una serie mínima de condiciones comportamentales y organizacionales para generar un cambio a nivel de todas las instituciones del sector de la justicia penal, de manera conjunta. En el caso de CSJP sistémica, el espacio de tiempo requerido para generar cambios sostenibles es proporcional al tiempo necesario para reformar todo el sector. En el caso de que CSJP opere basada en un sistema de “gran corrupción”, el tiempo requerido para abordar este tipo de corrupción de manera efectiva supera el espacio de tiempo necesario para el caso de corrupción sistémica ordinaria en el sector, en tanto el anterior tiene la magnitud de ser una auténtica transformación del Estado.
Regulación jurídica y tributaria de los security tokens: una tarea pendiente
Authors: Ojeda Pinto Yoner
Published: June 2023

Los security tokens son un activo digital emergente en los mercados financieros a los que, a pesar de sus características descentralizadas, se les está aplicando el mismo marco legal y tributario que a los valores tradicionales por parte de los Gobiernos. La falta de regulaciones específicas y adaptadas a su naturaleza podría plantear dificultades signi­ficativas en el seguimiento y verificación de estos activos, lo que aumenta el riesgo de evasión fiscal y clasificación inadecuada de los ingresos obtenidos.
Análisis estructural del impuesto nacional sobre productos plásticos de un solo uso utilizados para envasar, embalar o empacar bienes
Authors: Fonseca Forero Iván Guillermo
Published: June 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar detalladamente los elementos estructurales del impuesto nacional sobre productos plásticos de un solo uso utilizados para envasar, embalar o empacar bienes, el cual fue creado en Colombia mediante la Ley 2277 de 2022 como un tributo ambiental destinado a complementar, desde la perspectiva fiscal, las medidas adoptadas previamente en la Ley 2232 de 2022. Para esto, se examinan los aspectos más importantes de este impuesto a partir de la aplicación de la teoría general del derecho tributario, haciendo un especial énfasis en la identificación del hecho im­ponible y su relación con los verbos predicables que componen el hecho generador de este tributo.
Las cargas probatorias atribuibles en el marco del impuesto de alumbrado público
Authors: Bolaños Paz Eider Iván
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo hacer un análisis crítico de las cargas probatorias establecidas en la sentencia de unificación 2019-CE-SUJ-4-009 del 6 de noviembre de 2019, en lo que respecta al impuesto de alumbrado público a fin de identificar los an­tecedentes jurisprudenciales que concretaron las reglas de interpretación y de esta forma estudiar su correspondencia con la normatividad existente y las reglas generales que en materia probatoria resultan aplicables al procedimiento tributario y contencioso tributar­io para, finalmente, evaluar la vigencia y necesidad de las reglas de interpretación dadas por la Sección Cuarta del Consejo de Estado.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОПОРТУНІЗМУ В ІНСТІТУЦІЙНІЙ ТЕОРІЇ ТА ЙОГО ПРОЯВ В НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ
Authors: Александрова О. Ю. , Сухорукова Т. Г.
Published: June 2023

Статтю присвячено питанням сутності опортуністичної поведінки, формам її прояву, наслідкам та методам її регулювання. Акцентується увага на тому, що опортуністична поведінка є об’єктивним явищем і існує як на рівні функціонування основних інститутів держави, так й на рівні стосунків між громадянами та суб’єктами господарювання. Підкреслюється, що структурними елементами опортуністичної поведінки є: розбіжність інтересів контрагентів, навмисність дій; збиток контрагента, асиметрична інформація, прихований характер недобросовісної поведінки. Усунути можливість її появи допомагають контракти, які уявляють собою добровольчу угоду між самостійними економічними агентами. Відмічається, що в умовах опортуністичної поведінки економічним агентам доводиться докладати зусиль щодо протидії недобросовісної поведінки контрагентів, що формує трансакційні витрати. Мінімізувати негативні прояви опортуністичної поведінки можливо при застосуванні відносних контрактів, які мають більш тривалі взаємини сторін, включають в себе формальні і неформальні обіцянки повторних угод в майбутньому.
ДІАГНОСТИКА ЛОЯЛЬНОСТІ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ
Authors: Панченко Н. Г.
Published: June 2023

Статтю присвячено вивченню лояльності працівників підприємств залізничного транспорту з метою забезпечення  конкурентоспроможності і сталого розвитку залізничної галузі в довгостроковій перспективі. Розкрито підходи до визначеннясутності поняття «лояльність персоналу» і з’ясовано його характерні риси.Встановлено напрямки і інструменти проведення діагностики лояльності персоналу.На основі проведеного анкетування і кластерного аналізу ідентифіковано стан лояльності персоналу  підприємств залізничної галузі.
School Violence and Disability: Approaches from a State of the Art
Authors: Acosta Daza Diego Fernando , Sierra Forero Lady Tatiana
Published: June 2023

This article presents the result of a documentary investigation about how school violence in students with disabilities in the country is approached. The review was part of a master's research in which a state-of-the-art was defined to identify academic trends when addressing this topic as part of its background. The findings were organized into three focuses: dynamics at school and disability, students with disabilities, and relationships and violence at school. From each focus, an analytical connection was made with the purpose of the research, despite the scarce research production at the master's level that relates the school, disability, and violence.
Educating for emancipation: an analysis of the concept of awareness and educational practice in Paulo Freire's theory
Authors: Nascimento Isabela Ribeiro Villares , Lima Cláudia Araújo de , Quadros Rückert Fabiano
Published: June 2023

Objective: This article aims to discuss the concept of awareness and educational practice in the evolution of thinking about education aimed at the popular class, in the works of Paulo Freire, with theoretical contributions for reflections on Brazilian political, economic and social factors, in the decades of 1950 – 1960.
Originality/contribution: The original article is anchored in a discussion by axes, where a historical period marked by intense transformations in the life of the popular classes is debated, when government investments in industry denoted an increase in rural-urban migration and the formation of a mass of illiterate workers in Brazilian cities.
Method:The research method listed for this study was a survey, systematization and bibliographic analysis, from descriptors close to the theme and determined period, using the tools of content analysis for the elaboration of the article.
Information strategy/data collection The collection of information was based on bibliographic surveys in Brazilian and foreign collections that dealt with the discussion about awareness and educational practices in the specific period.
Conclusions:As conclusions, it is observed that the changes that took place over the decades acted directly in the structuring of Paulo Freire's theory on education. As a criticism of the education given to workers, the concept of awareness and educational practice, were consolidated as the basis of Freirean pedagogy and are progressively developed and complexified in the author's works. The enunciated concepts offer subsidies to the current analyzes on the social function of the school and the human formation.