bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Acoustic Surveys of State Endangered Northern Flying Squirrels in the Pocono Mountains, Pennsylvania
Authors: Diggins Corinne A. , Gilley L. Michelle , Turner Gregory G. , Ford W. Mark
Published: January 2021

Surveying for flying squirrels by using traditional techniques produces extremely low detection rates compared with ultrasonic acoustics. Within Pennsylvania, the northern flying squirrel subspecies Glaucomys sabrinus macrotis is state listed as endangered due to habitat loss and parasite-mediated competition by and hybridization with the southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans. This subspecies is isolated from adjacent populations in West Virginia and New York and has experienced drastic population declines. The discovery and characterization of ultrasonic vocalizations of G. s. macrotis and G. volans, as well as successful field surveys with ultrasonic acoustic detectors in the southern Appalachian Mountains, highlight the potential use of this technique for determining the presence of G. s. macrotis. To confirm the feasibility of using this technique on declining populations of G. s. macrotis sympatric with G. volans, we conducted 108 nights of passive ultrasonic acoustic surveys for G. s. macrotis at six survey sites by using two detectors per survey site (N = 12 detectors) in June 2017. We considered sites high quality (“high”) or low quality (“low”) based on the number of physical capture records during the past 2 decades and the dominance of boreo-montane conifer tree species in the overstory. We detected G. s. macrotis at four study sites and G. volans at all six study sites. We found higher average probability of detection for G. s. macrotis in high vs. low sites (0.28 ± 0.06 [mean ± SE] and 0.09 ± 0.07, respectively), whereas probability of detection was similar for G. volans between high and low sites (0.13 ± 0.05 and 0.17 ± 0.05, respectively). We also found G. s. macrotis had lower latency of detection at high vs. low sites (2.7 ± 0.8 and 7.83 ± 1.5 nights, respectively) but G. volans did not vary in latency of detection between sites (5 ± 1.6 and 3.8 ± 1.5 nights, respectively). Our study shows acoustics can be successfully used to efficiently survey G. s. macrotis in Pennsylvania, where populations are small and monitoring these populations more effectively is critical to determining changes in persistence due to climate- and disease-induced factors.
Exceptional Longevity in Little Brown Bats Still Occurs, despite Presence of White-Nose Syndrome
Authors: Kurta Allen , Foster Rodney W. , Daly Brooke A. , Wilson Ashley K. , Slider Robin M. , Rockey Craig D. , Rockey Jacqueline M. , Long Brenna L. , Auteri Giorgia G. , Collins Jason D. , White J. Paul , Kaarakka Heather M. , Redell Jennifer A. , Reeder DeeAnn M.
Published: January 2021

White-nose syndrome is an introduced fungal disease that has reduced the size of hibernating populations of little brown bats Myotis lucifugus by 90% across much of eastern North America since 2007. Herein, we report the recapture of eight banded little brown bats, all males, with minimum ages of 18.6–25.6 y. The recaptures occurred during winter 2019–2020, at a hibernaculum in Michigan where white-nose syndrome likely has been present since 2013–2014, indicating that these old and apparently healthy males are in their seventh season of exposure to the disease. Hence, our data suggest that a long life in little brown bats and existence of white-nose syndrome are not necessarily incompatible.
Mises en lumière et zones d’ombre dans l’ouverture au public de la Petite Ceinture ferroviaire de Paris
Authors: Iosa Ioana , Vallet Cosme
Published: January 2021

L’accès large et libre à la Petite Ceinture ferroviaire de Paris, sujet de toutes les convoitises, représente de nos jours une promesse faite par la Ville, de mise en place d’un dispositif d’aménagement innovant, plus économe et plus inclusif, et rassemblant chantiers participatifs, aménagements publics et privés classiques et appels à projets concernant les occupations temporaires. Forts d’un travail empirique et d’un travail d’immersion au sein d’un des trois collectifs de compétences mandatés de 2016 à 2019 pour la mise en place des chantiers participatifs, nous retracerons l‘évolution de la Petite Ceinture, du débat la concernant au processus mis en place par la Ville, afin de décrypter ce dispositif voulu expérimental. Par le biais de l’analyse des discours et des actions des divers acteurs impliqués (notamment les expérimentations mises en place par les collectifs), nous souhaitons faciliter le regard critique du lecteur sur l’équilibre instauré entre méthodes de fabrication urbaine, proches du marketing, et libertés laissées aux Franciliens, Parisiens et riverains dans la transformation de cette richesse collective. Cela nous permettra de saisir les dits et les non-dits, le visible et l’invisibilisé — qu’il s’agisse là d’enjeux et d’ambitions, ou encore d’usagers et des usages stimulés ou empêchés — afin de mieux comprendre les raisons et les effets du processus engagé et donc la cohabitation entre valorisation et rentabilité d’une part et projets citoyens autogérés d’autre part.
Detection of Ocular Pathologies From Iris Images Using Blind De-Convolution and Fuzzy C-Means Clustering
Authors: Kesavan Sujatha , N. Kanya , Hari Rajeswary , V. Karthikeyan , R. Shobarani
Published: January 2021

The images of disease-affected and normal eyes collected from high-resolution fundus (HRF) image database are analyzed, and the influence of ocular diseases on iris using a reliable fuzzy recognition scheme is proposed. Nearly 45 samples of iris images are acquired using Canon CR-1 fundus camera with a field of view of 45° when subjected to routine ophthalmology visits, and the samples of eye images include healthy eyes, eyes affected by glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy. These images are then subjected to various image processing techniques like pre-processing for de-noising using blind de-convolution, wavelet-based feature extraction, principal component analysis (PCA) for dimension reductionality, followed by fuzzy c-means clustering inference scheme to categorize the normal and diseased eyes. It is inferred that the proposed method takes only two minutes with an accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity varying in the range of 94% to 98%, respectively.
Enchodroma Tumor Detection From MRI Images Using SVM Classifier
Authors: Durgadevi G. , Sujatha K. , Thivya K.S. , Elakkiya S. , Anand M. , Shobana S.
Published: January 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging is a standard modality used in medicine for bone diagnosis and treatment. It offers the advantage to be a non-invasive technique that enables the analysis of bone tissues. The early detection of tumor in the bone leads on saving the patients' life through proper care. The accurate detection of tumor in the MRI scans are very easy to perform. Furthermore, the tumor detection in an image is useful not only for medical experts, but also for other purposes like segmentation and 3D reconstruction. The manual delineation and visual inspection will be limited to avoid time consumption by medical doctors. The bone tumor tissue detection allows localizing a mass of abnormal cells in a slice of magnetic resonance (MR).
Emerging Technologies in a Modern Competitive Scenario
Authors: Jamil George Leal , Rocha da Silva Alexis
Published: January 2021

Users' personal, highly sensitive data such as photos and voice recordings are kept indefinitely by the companies that collect it. Users can neither delete nor restrict the purposes for which it is used. Learning how to machine learning that protects privacy, we can make a huge difference in solving many social issues like curing disease, etc. Deep neural networks are susceptible to various inference attacks as they remember information about their training data. In this chapter, the authors introduce differential privacy, which ensures that different kinds of statistical analysis don't compromise privacy and federated learning, training a machine learning model on a data to which we do not have access to.
Brazil's Data Protection Law
Authors: Palhares Felipe
Published: January 2021

After several years discussing the creation of a comprehensive data protection law, Brazil finally has its first law that specifically addresses this area -and that will be a game-changer on regulating data processing activities in the country and abroad – in force. Although Brazil's data protection law bears many similarities with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, it also deviates from its European counterpart in several aspects. This chapter intends to provide an overview of the background relating to laws that carry privacy and data protection provisions in their core and to thoroughly analyze Brazil's new data protection law.
A Novel Ripple and Cyber Bullies Data Disclose (RACYBDD) Framework to Protect Images on Social Media
Authors: Usharani Bhimavarapu , Anitha Raju
Published: January 2021

Due to the advancement in internet technology, everyone can connect to anyone living anywhere in this world who is far away from us by using social media. Social media became a public place to share everyone's personal photos and videos. These photos or videos are viewed, shared, and even downloaded by their respective friends, someone from their friends' profiles, and even unrelated persons also without their permission. One of the risks from the social media is the cyber bullying or online harassment. Cyber bullies perpetrate either through denigration or doxing. The cyber bullies are anonymous, and it is very difficult for us to catch and punish them. The main aim of this chapter is to provide the privacy and security to the photos that are sharing on social media. This chapter proposes a novel algorithm to keep the photos safe that are uploading on social media and the extension of the novel algorithm to reveal the details of the cyber bullies those who performed morphing on the photos that were downloaded from social media.
Digital Transformation in Local Administration
Authors: Duarte Miraldina Ximenes
Published: January 2021

Information disseminated through digital networks has a fundamental impact on social welfare, given the range of opportunities offered by the digital economy and the new information and communication technologies, with profound impacts in several areas, namely work, education,and increase the quality and efficiency of public services.The creation of a more efficient, effective, more transparent public administration capable of providing public services with a higher quality level and in an integrated way to the citizen is one of the great objectives and at the same time one of the great challenges that the professionals of public administration face. The state has the social role of avoiding info-exclusion by applying measures directed at the population at risk. Such measures should be able to be applied in the governmental organs closest to the target population. The objective of this study will focus on the analysis of the transition of municipalities to the digital society.
New record of Ellipsocoris kalashiani Carapezza 2009 in Europe, found in Apulia, Italy (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)
Authors: Laterza I. , Dioli P.
Published: January 2021

Ellipsocoris kalashiani is recorded for the first time in Apulia (Southern Italy). The specie was described by Carapezza (2009) from Eastern Turkey and Western Armenia, but no records have ever been reported for Europe. Recently, few individuals of this species were found in Alta Murgia National Park (Apulia, Italy), a Special Protection Area (SPA) and Site of Community Importance (SCI), characterized by natural forests and dry grassland habitats, with Mediterranean-steppe vegetation. The specimens were collected in two different localities, about 40 km apart from each other, suggesting a long-standing presence in that area. This study provides the first report of the species for the Italian Heteroptera fauna and several hypotheses about its presence there. However, further investigations are needed in order to clarify some ecological aspects, such as its unknown host plant.
Teaching adults how to prevent COVID-19 infection by health workers
Authors: Nejhaddadgar Nazila , Azadi Hamed , Mehedi Nafiul , Toghroli Razie , Faraji Azam
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Education is one of the most important approaches to preventing infectious diseases at the time of the pandemic. The purpose of the study was to develop an intervention-training program using an intervention mapping approach (IMA) to prevent COVID-19 infection in adults at the time of the pandemic by health workers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study was a study protocol where IMA was used as a planning framework for developing an intervention-training program to prevent COVID-19 infection in adults at the time of the pandemic by health workers in Ardabil city. Six intervention mapping (IM) steps have been described in this protocol. As the first step, needs assessment was performed by reviewing the studies, qualitative evaluation, and interviews. In the second step, the matrix of change objectives was designed from the intersection of performance goals and determinants. Later on, after designing the program and planning the program implementation, the program evaluation plan was developed.

RESULTS:

IMA guided us in designing and implementing a control-oriented training program with the participation of the participants along with the definition of outcomes, performance goals and determinants, theoretical methods and practical applications, intervention program, implementation, and step by step assessment.

CONCLUSION:

IM is a control-oriented, systematic, participation-based approach to design and implement targeted and on-going health promotion programs based on the needs of the target group at the time of the pandemic by health workers.
“Perceived stress” and its associated factors among diabetic patients receiving care from a rural tertiary health care center in South India
Authors: Siddharthan Gowshik M. , Reddy Mahendra M. , Sunil Bagepally N.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:

“Stress” acts as both etiological link and also as an outcome in the case of diabetes mellitus. There is a paucity of literature regarding stress levels and also factors associated with it among diabetic patients in India.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the perceived stress levels and their associated factors among diabetic inpatients in a rural tertiary health care center, South India.

MATERIALS And METHODS:

A facility-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among inpatient diabetics seeking care at a rural tertiary care center in Kolar district of Karnataka. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to capture the sociodemographic, disease-related, treatment-related and behavior-related characteristics of the inpatients. The outcome of “perceived stress” was captured using a standard questionnaire of Cohen Perceived Stress Scale–10. Poisson regression was used for multivariable analysis, and the association was expressed as prevalence ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS:

Out of the 247 study participants analysed, “perceived stress” was seen among 97 (39.3%) of the participants (95% CI: 33.3%–45.5%). Multivariable analysis showed that factors like younger age, lesser duration of diabetes, presence of any comorbidity, being underweight, having conflicts at work place/home in the last 1 month, and not having enough money for treatment had shown higher levels of “perceived stress.”

CONCLUSION:

About two out of five inpatient diabetics seeking care from rural tertiary health centres had shown to have “perceived stress.” There is a need for the inclusion of stress management techniques in the diabetes education program at all levels of health-care systems.
Perceived barriers to evidence-based practice among Physiotherapy students
Authors: Nair Shruti Prabhakaran , Panhale Vrushali Prashant , Nair Nithin
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and best research evidence into the decision-making process for patient care. Identification of barriers that refutes the use of EBP in day-to-day practice will go a long way in designing programs for inculcating EBP among physiotherapy students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify perceived barriers to EBP among physiotherapy students.

METHODS:

A convenience sample of 429 participants were recruited from physiotherapy colleges affiliated to a State Health Science University as per the inclusion criteria. Participants were asked to fill the self-reported questionnaire that was developed by researchers based on possible items from previously developed surveys. Data collected were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Response frequencies for the survey questions were determined and displayed in graphical formats.

RESULTS:

The study comprised of 182 final year students, 112 interns, and 135 postgraduate students having a mean age of 21.29 (0.85), 22.30 (0.77), and 24.34 (1.45) years, respectively. Majority of participants reported insufficient time, poor understanding of statistical analysis, lack of research skills, lack of formal training, lack of access to paid article, poor ability to critically appraise articles, and inadequate infrastructure facilities as barriers towards practicing EBP.

CONCLUSION:

Physiotherapy students perceived various organizational, training-related, and personal barriers toward the use of EBP. Effective education could prove to be the most powerful tool to overcome these barriers toward the use of EBP.
Explanation of medical students' experiences of educational clinical supervision
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Minouei Marzieh Sadat
Published: January 2021

CONTEXT:

Clinical supervision is a mechanism that allows medical trainees to learn their profession through the practice of clinical activities alongside more experienced physicians who ensure safe and timely care delivery. Therefore, recognizing of medical students experiences as people who will provide health services to people in future can be an important source for gathering information and planning to improve the quality of clinical education. The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of medical students from clinical educational supervision.

METHODS:

This study was a qualitative content analysis conducted on 15 interns of the surgery and internal departments of medical and educational centers in Islamic Azad University Najafabad Branchin Isfahan, Iran to discover. The sampling method was purposive, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews in 2019. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative content analysis method with a conventional inductive approach.

RESULTS:

Five main categories and ninesubcategories were developed. The main categories include fundamental role, relaxed alertness, shadow education, toxic education, and abandoned educational.

CONCLUSION:

The educational clinical supervisory has an efficient performance in clinical teaching which needs to be more assessed and improved.
The effect of public health educational campaign regarding antibiotic use and microbial resistance on knowledge, attitude, and practice in the Iran
Authors: Khoshgoftar Mohadeseh , Zamani-Alavijeh Fereshteh , Kasaian Nazila , Shahzamani Kiana , Rostami Soodabeh , Nakhodian Zari , Pirzadeh Asiyeh
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

The aim of the present study was to show the effect of public health educational campaign regarding antibiotic use and microbial resistance on knowledge, attitude, and practice of people in Isfahan.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in October 2019 on the public population in Isfahan (a city in the center of Iran). Simple random sampling was done in ten urban areas.). A total of 708 people participated in the study. For assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice a related researchers-made questionnaire was used in the present study. Finally, data were entered into SPSS (20) and analytical statistics including paired t-test were used. The statistical significance level was considered <0.05.

RESULTS:

The majority of participants in this study were female 434 (61.9%) and the rest of them were male. The mean ± standard deviation of age was 31.68 (11.11), range of 11–67. More than 50 present of participants had a Bachelor's degree (37.7%) and diploma (27.7%). Most individuals were self-employed 277 (43.1%). About the type of marriage, 54.89% were single and others were married. Results showed that the mean of knowledge and attitude was increased after the intervention (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Increase knowledge between people, adherence to treatment and minimizes healthcare costs, however, “antibiotics are misused so often because of the belief that these are benign drugs. In the absence of urgent corrective and protective actions, the world is heading towards a postantibiotic era, in which many common infections will no longer have a cure and once again, kill unabated.
Nerve and Glial Cell Expressions in the Testes and Epididymides of Different Age Groups of Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)
Authors: Omirinde Jamiu Oyewole , Olukole Samuel Gbadebo , Oke Bankole Olusiji
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

This study was conducted to examine the variations in the expressions of neuronal and glial cell markers in the testes and epididymides of different age groups of cane rat using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques.

Method:

Thirty (32) healthy domesticated male cane rats were used for this investigation. The rats were divided into four groups (prepubertal [≤4 months], pubertal (>4 ≤12 months), adult (>12 ≤30 months), and aged (>30 months)] of 8 animals each. Subsequent to anesthesia and intracardiac perfusion of the rats with 10% buffered formalin, testes were harvested and preliminary assessment of nervous and glial structures was determined using the Golgi technique. Specific immunolocalization was done using the anti-neurofilament (NF-20) and anti-glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) for the expressions of neuronal and astrocyte-like cells, respectively.

Result:

Neuronal and astrocyte-like structures as revealed by the Golgi procedure were demonstrated in the tunica albuginea and interstitium of the testes as well as in the periductal muscle coat and epididymal interstitium of the caput down to the caudal segments. Golgi signal intensities of the expressions in both testes and epididymides increased with age advancement. Immunolocalization of the nerve structures and glial cells tallied with the Golgi results. However, NF signal intensity was significantly higher in the adult relative to others. Similarly, GFAP signal intensity increased with age increment.

Conclusion:

This study has shown that the variation in the expression of neuronal and glial cells in the testis and epididymis of the cane rat could be associated with increased reproductive reproductive activity.
Oxidant/antioxidant status in Type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Najafi Ali , Pourfarzam Morteza , Zadhoush Fouzieh
Published: January 2021

Background:

The concurrence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide. The long-term complications of these chronic diseases are a threat to patients' well-being. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. To understand the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of Type-2 DM (T2DM) and its related complications, we aimed to investigate the oxidant/antioxidant status and Na+-K+ ATPase activity in T2DM with MS.

Materials and Methods:

A population of ninety individuals including fifty patients diagnosed with T2DM and MS, but without overt diabetes complications, and forty individuals without T2DM or MS as control group participated in this study. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and Na+-K+ ATPase activity were assessed by standard laboratory methods.

Results:

Plasma MDA in patients group was statistically significantly higher than that of controls (P ≤ 0.05). Whereas, Na+-K+ ATPase activity was statistically significantly lower in patient group (P ≤ 0.05). TAC, CAT, SOD, and GPx enzyme activities were not statistically significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05). Results from the patient group showed positive correlations between CAT activity and triglyceride and positive correlations between GPx activity and weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. In addition, there was a positive correlation between MDA results with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol and a negative correlation with TAC, BMI, and weight (P ≤ 0.05) in controls.

Conclusion:

Because T2DM patients were without any vascular complications, antioxidant defense results may reflect the lack of progression of diabetes complications in these patients. These results emphasize the need for initial and continued assessment of cardiovascular disease risks in diabetic individuals. Implementation of timely interventions may improve the management of diabetes and prevent the progression of diabetes complications.
The Impact of Preparedness in Defying COVID-19 Pandemic Expectations in the Lower Mekong Region: A Case Study
Authors: Corwin Andrew , Plipat Tanarak , Phetsouvanh Rattanaxay , Mayxay Mayfong , Xangsayarath Phonepadith , Quynh Mai Le Thi , Oum Sophal , Kuddus Md Abdul
Published: January 2021

Dire COVID-19 expectations in the Lower Mekong Region (LMR) can be understood as Cambodia, the Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam have stared down a succession of emerging infectious disease (EID) threats from neighboring China. Predictions that the LMR would be overwhelmed by a coming COVID-19 tsunami were felt well before the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic had been declared. And yet, the LMR, excepting Myanmar, has proved surprisingly resilient in keeping COVID-19 contained to mostly sporadic cases. Cumulative case rates (per one million population) for the LMR, including or excluding Myanmar, from January 1 to October 31 2020, are 1,184 and 237, respectively. More telling are the cumulative rates of COVID-19–attributable deaths for the same period of time, 28 per million with and six without Myanmar. Graphics demonstrate a flattening of pandemic curves in the LMR, minus Myanmar, after managing temporally and spatially isolated spikes in case counts, with negligible follow-on community spread. The comparable success of the LMR in averting pandemic disaster can likely be attributed to years of preparedness investments, triggered by avian influenza A (H5N1). Capacity building initiatives applied to COVID-19 containment included virological (influenza-driven) surveillance, laboratory diagnostics, field epidemiology training, and vaccine preparation. The notable achievement of the LMR in averting COVID-19 disaster through to October 31, 2020 can likely be credited to these preparedness measures.
Automotive Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines
Authors:   DaimlerChrysler Corp., Zhao Fuquan , Harrington David L , Lai Ming-Chia D ,   Wayne State Univ.
Published: January 2021

This book covers the latest global technical initiatives in the rapidly progressing area of gasoline direct injection (GDI), spark-ignited gasoline engines and examines the contribution of each process and sub-system to the efficiency of the overall system. Including discussions, data, and figures from many technical papers and proceedings that are not available in the English language, Automotive Gasoline Direct Injection Systems will prove to be an invaluable desk reference for any GDI subject or direct-injection subsystem that is being developed worldwide.
Pioneers of the U.S. Automobile Industry, Vol. IV
Authors:   Kollins Design and Engineering, Kollins Michael J
Published: January 2021

Pioneers of the U.S. Automobile Industry uses four separate volumes to explore the essential components that helped build the American automobile industry - the people, the companies and the designs. This volume uses nearly 270 photos to go behind the scenes to explore the people who created car designs that have become famous with the American car industry. Pioneers covered in this edition include: Elmer and Edgar Apperson Vincent Bendix James Scripps Booth Alanson Brush David Buick Joseph Cole Clyde Coleman Claude Cox Herbert Franklin and John Wilkinson Elwood Haynes Frederick Haynes Thomas Jeffery Edward Jordan Charles King Howard Marmon Jonathan Maxwell Percy Owen Raymond and Ralph Owen Andrew Riker Frank Stearns Thomas J. and Thomas L. Sturtevant C. Harold Wills Alexander Winton
Disc and Drum Brake Dynamometer Low-Frequency Noise Test Procedure
Authors:   Brake NVH Standards Committee
Published: January 2021

This test procedure outlines the necessary test equipment (test fixture, dynamometer, data acquisition system, etc.) and test sequence required to test for low-frequency brake noise (200 Hz to 1.25 kHz) on a brake noise dynamometer. It is intended to complement SAE J2521, which focuses on high-frequency brake squeal. This RP applies to passenger cars and light trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating below 4536 kg. Before using this RP for heavier vehicles, consult and agree with the test requestor and the testing facility.
Measuring Properties of Li-Ion Battery Electrolyte
Authors:   Battery Materials Testing Committee
Published: January 2021

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a set of test methods for characterizing lithium-ion battery electrolytes. These test methods are applicable to existing electrolyte materials and allow different facilities to conduct testing in a common manner.

Solid electrolytes are expected to be commercially used for large scale batteries in the future. However, characterizing solid electrolytes may require methods different from those contained in this document. Such methods are not addressed in this document.

It is not within the scope of this document to establish acceptance criteria for test results, as this is usually established between the vendor and customer. It is also not within the scope of this document to examine the electrochemical properties of an electrolyte, since these are influenced by electrolyte composition. In addition, establishing an electrolyte composition appropriate for all applications is not feasible.
Pediatrik Onkoloji Hastalarda Beslenme
Authors: DURMAZ Melike , KÜÇÜKKENDİRCİ Hasan
Published: January 2021

Organizmanın sağlıklı bir şekilde hayatta kalması ve devamlılığını sürdürebilmesi için beslenme önemlidir. Özellikle beslenmenin yeterliliği, hastalıklardan korunma ve iyileşme sürecini etkileyen önemli unsurlardan biridir. Pediatrik onkoloji hastalarında hastalığa bağlı olarak; besin alımının yetersizliği, emilimi ve metabolize olmasının gerilemesi hastalığın ilerleyişini de olumsuz etkilemektedir. Pediatri onkoloji hastalarında beslenmenin yeterliliğinin sağlanması ile; malnütrisyonun önlenmesi, kemoterapinin daha kolay tolere edilmesi, enfeksiyonların önlenmesi, komplikasyonların azalması, iyileşmenin hızlanması ve hastanın yaşam kalitesinin artması sağlanabilmektedir. Bu noktada sağlık ekibinin etkisi büyüktür. Özellikle hemşirelik bakımı, ailenin eğitimi, takibi; hasta ve ailesini bu konuda destekleyen önemli bir unsurdur. Bu nedenle sağlık çalışanları (hekim, hemşire), bu tür hastalarda beslenme durumunu değerlendirmeli, beslenme desteğini sağlamalı ve eğitim ve takibini yapabilmelidir.
Bucket Handle Tear of Lateral Meniscus on MRI - A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Radio-diagnosis, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India, Lokesh Rana , Dinesh Sood ,   Department of Radio-diagnosis, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India, Nishant Nayyar ,   Department of Radio-diagnosis, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India, Neeraj Kumar ,   Department of Radio-diagnosis, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India, Deepika Thakur ,   Department of Radio-diagnosis, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India, Varsha Patial ,   Department of Radio-diagnosis, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
Published: January 2021

Bucket handle tear commonly involved the medial meniscus but lateral meniscus are also involved though less commonly. The characteristic imaging appearance on MRI are important to diagnose the condition.
Pandemic Control COVID 19: The Results of Analytical Studies of Ten Health Systems in the Word. Scopus Review
Authors:   Department of Biophysics and Clinical MRI Methods, Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, University of Fez, Ministry of health, Morocco, Zaadoud Brahim
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES Description of the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 and analyze and compare between ten-health systems control epidemic around the word for use in public health system settings. METHODS This study was a descriptive, exploratory analysis of all cases of COVID-19 in the world especially in the ten countries. We conducted a Scopus review of the literature. Thirty articles are been recolted. RESULTS The estimates of human transmissibility (R0) range from 2 to 3. Pre-symptomatic transmission has been reported. The Incubation period is 5.1 days; the overall global case fatality rate is currently approximately 6%. The countries are characterized into three categories of pandemic control: excellent level of control fo r Germany, South Korea, Hong Kong and turkey a medium level for China, Morocco and a low level for the USA, France, Spain and Italy. CONCLUSION The present descriptive, exploratory analysis offers important new information to the international community on the Corona virus Pandemic in world. Important questions remain including determination of infectiousness period, identification of transmission routes, and effective treatment and prevention methods including further test development, drug development, and vaccine development.
Disease-free life expectancy has not improved in Spain
Authors: Zueras Pilar , Rentería Elisenda
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has put a stop to the continuous progression in life expectancy at birth, in which Spain was one of the world leaders. Although this downward effect is a result of the present conjuncture and it is hoped that recovery will be swift in the coming years, this situation has led us to consider the evolution prior to the pandemic. It is true that the increase in number of years of life has been progressive and steady but, in recent years, these gains have not implied improved health among the older population. Disability-free life expectancy at the age of 65 has been very stable over time, but the figures are less encouraging when the presence of diseases and chronic conditions are taken into account. In this issue of Demographic Perspectives, we investigate whether there have been gains or losses in years of disease-free life for men and women at the age of 65 in Spain and by autonomous community (AC) in the years 2006, 2012, and 2017. The results indicate that increased life expectancy will also mean that people will live more time with diagnosed diseases unless the present trend is reversed. The most common ailments and conditions include hypertension, chronic back pain, diabetes, and heart disease. The differences between men and women tend to converge in years of life in good health, mainly as a result of a lengthening of time lived in poor health among men.Cabré, A. (1995) “Notes sobre la Transició familiar”. Transcription of the lecture presented at the seminar “Família i canvi social” for the United Nations Association of Spain, Barcelona, 1994. Papers de Demografia, Nº 96
Investigating Business Drives : Intellectual Capital To Marketing Mix
Authors: Panjaitan Roymon , Muhammad Iqbal Fassa  , Deddy Sulaimawan  , Dian Indriyani
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the relation of intellectual capital relations in consumer behaviour with social media to the effectiveness of the marketing mix. Sampling as much as 98 responding with the type of sampling quota, data collection techniques with the questionnaire and interviews. The test coefficient of Path in PLS-SEM is used in this study to contribute data from the analysis of the path of consumer behaviour by using social media. Results found that variables of consumer behaviour and social media advertising have a significant effect on the marketing mix, whereas intellectual capital as a liaison variable is not significantly influenced by consumer behaviour and does not significantly affect the marketing mix. Total direct and indirect influence of consumer behaviour variables 54.4% and social media variables at 40.8% to the marketing mix
Virtual Cycling For Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle
Authors: Catur Supriyanto  , Bing Liu
Published: January 2021

The pandemic era has brought a rapid change in the human health lifestyle. Considering the importance of a healthy lifestyle, many companies have started to promote indoor exercises to encourage a healthy lifestyle. Recently, virtual cycling is one of the popular virtual sports in Asia, European Countries, and the USA. This paper presents the evaluation of virtual cycling for promoting a healthy lifestyle. This paper aims to share a virtual cycling exercise's strengths and challenges based on empirical studies. Document analysis was done on the existing empirical studies from the online journal and news papers articles. The finding suggests that virtual cycling is healthy, fun, and a low-impact virtual form of virtual exercise that becomes a lifestyle. Some recommendation was suggested for the development of virtual cycling for the sustainable health community.
Strategy In Support Of Micro, Small And Medium Agro-Based
Authors: Fitra Ariansyah  , Laode Asrul  , Eymal, B. Demmallino
Published: January 2021

This study aims to identify and evaluate the factors including internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external scope (opportunities and threats) in determining the strategy of the Balai Diklat in support the growth of agro-based micro, small and medium enterprises in Makassar City, as well as to determine the Balai Diklat strategy with a deep SWOT analysis support the growth of small and medium agro-based enterprises in the City Area Makassar. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, interview, with the analysis used is the SWOT analysis. Research result indicates that the factors comprising the internal environment with pay attention to the strengths and weaknesses and the external environment, namely opportunities and threats. Wherefrom the analysis of the internal and external environment hence the results of this study the Makassar Industrial Education and Training Center still has strength and great opportunities in overcoming weaknesses and threats. From the analysis of the results of strategy determination using SWOT analysis, including strategic planning, strategy determination, and decision-making stages regarding the strategy, the strategy carried out by BDI Makassar in encouraging the growth of agro-based micro, small and medium enterprises

Develop competency-based training modules and curriculum, Implement monitoring and evaluating programs/activities, recruiting processing machine instructors, general graphic and functional design instructor, Organizing 3 in 1 training, competency-based industrial system training and business incubator, and Improve the quality of human resources by attending training, industrial apprenticeships and writing KTI.
Analysis of Pattern Rice Businesses Legoo Crops 2:1 and Tegelin District Moncongloe, Maros Regency
Authors: Muhamad Ilham  , Yunus Musa  , A. Nixia Tenriawaru
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the productivity and income of farmers on the pattern row planting legowo and tiles as well as formulate alternative strategies that are appropriate for the development of paddy rice rain-fed in an effort to increase productivity and income of farmers in the District Moncongloe Maros Regency of South Sulawesi. The research method used is purposive sampling based on the type of rice varieties used, namely Inpari 33 with the pattern of row planting legowo and tiles as well as rainfed land. The sample taken is a member of the farmer group Biring Jene 1 and farmer group Biring Jene 2. Two of these groups are selected because members of this group there that uses the pattern legowo row planting and using varieties Inpari 33. The results of the research that the amount of revenue jajar legowo higher compared to tiles with at 9.358,3 kg/Ha or Rp. 42.112.350 to forecast legowo row planting and 4.185,4 kg/Ha or Rp. 18.834.449 for the reception of grain production in the cropping pattern tiles, with a difference of the receipt of such production of 5.172,9 kg/Ha or Rp. 23.277.901 and the value of the R/C ratio of 1,53 jajar legowo and of 1.49 for the tiles. The formulation of the strategy of SWOT analysis is a Strategy S-O, among others, the Development and improve the human resource capabilities of farmers in agricultural technology innovation, strategy W-O, among others, improve the ability mastery of appropriate technology for farmers, the strategy S-T, among others, the optimization of the agricultural land and the strategy of W-T, among others, use varieties that are resistant to PEST and disease and able to survive extreme conditions.
An Analysis of Tax Avoidance in Food Beverage Companies Registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Dwi Dewianawati  , Erry Setiawan
Published: January 2021

The increasing growth in the food and beverage company indicates the high profitability of the company. Profitability describes the condition in which a company can generate profits at a certain level of sales, assets, and share capital. An increase in profitability requires companies to pay high taxes as well, but in reality, taxpayers do not comply with the tax obligations through tax avoidance attempts. This study aims to determine the effects of profitability and leverage simultaneously on tax avoidance. It is to assess the impact of profitability and leverage partially on tax avoidance.

The population used in this study was a food and beverage company registered in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2017-2019. Furthermore, this study utilized a purposive sampling technique as its sampling technique with a sample size of 13 companies. Multiple Regression Model was employed to determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable.

Based on the study results, it could be concluded that the variables of Return on Assets (ROA) and leverage simultaneously related to tax avoidance practices in food and beverage companies registered in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The variable of Return on Asset (ROA) ratio did not significantly affect tax avoidance in food and beverage companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Meanwhile, leverage significantly affected tax avoidance in food and beverage companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The leverage variable had a dominance effect on tax avoidance in food and beverage companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
The Effect of Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Employee Negative Behavior Mediated by Work Stress
Authors: Valentina Happy Vanesa
Published: January 2021

The objectives of this research was analyzed the effect of transactional leadership  on work stress , the effect of transactional leadership  on employee negative behavior, the effect transformational leadership on work stress, the effect of transformational leadership on employee negative behavior, and the effect of positively work stress on employee negative behavior. This research also analyzed the impact of transformational and transactional leadership on employee negative behaviour through work stress. The population of this study consist  of two hundred employees PT. X Jakarta as the respondents provided the data that were analyzed for this study. Using the sub-set of the sampling consisting of was used to test five hypothesized relationship in the model. Data analysis in this research was used Structural Equation Model (SEM) to test independent variables influence the dependent variable. The result of this research conclude that there is positive impact from transactional leadership on work stress and negative impact from transformational leadership on work stress. The result of the study also revealed that theres in and positive indirect impact from transactional leadership on employee negative behaviour through work stress and negative  indirect impact from transformational  leadership on employee negative behaviour through work stress.
Hubungan Gejala Klinis Dengan Tekanan Intraventrikuler Pada Hidrosefalus Akut
Authors: Argie Donny , Arifin Muhammad Zafrullah , Adam Achmad , Imron Akhmad , Sobana Mirna , Sutiono Agung Budi
Published: January 2021

Latar Belakang. Penelitian tentang gejala klinis atau tekanan intrakranial pasien pediatrik yang menderita hidrosefalus akut telah banyak dilakukan, tetapi penelitian yang menghubungkan antara gejala klinis dan tekanan intrakranial pasien pediatrik yang menderita hidrosefalus akut belum banyak dilakukan. 

Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara gejala klinis dengan tekanan intraventrikuler pada pasien pediatrik penderita hidrosefalus akut.

Metode. Penelitian prospektif analitik, dimana data diambil dari tanggal 1 Januari 2010 sampai dengan 17 Agustus 2013 di Departemen/ SMF Ilmu Bedah Saraf Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran/ RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung.

Hasil. Jumlah sampel pasien hidrosefalus akut, sebanyak 27 laki–laki (53%) dan 24 perempuan (47%). Penyebab hidrosefalus akut pada penelitian ini adalah neoplasma yaitu sebanyak 24 kasus (47%), dan infeksi 23 kasus (45%). Hasil uji secara statistik menunjukkan bahwa gejala klinis muntah dan penurunan kesadaran memiliki nilai yang bermakna dengan p<0.05 sedangkan nyeri kepala memiliki nilai yang tidak bermakna terhadap peningkatan tekanan intraventrikuler dengan nilai p >0.05.

Kesimpulan. Gejala klinis muntah dan penurunan kesadaran mempunyai hubungan dengan tekanan tinggi intrakranial sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai deteksi dini pada pasien pediatrik penderita hidrosefalus akut yang dis- ebabkan oleh neoplasma maupun infeksi.
PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI “GEMBIRA” UNTUK MELATIH KEPEKAAN BUNYI DAN SUARA BAGI SISWA TUNARUNGU
Authors: Sarwendah Ade Putri
Published: January 2021

Pembelajaran program kompensatoris bagi siswa tunarungu yakni Pengembangan Komunikasi Persepsi Bunyi dan Irama (PKPBI) ditujukan untuk mengoptimalkan potensi siswa tunarungu berupa kepekaan sisa pendengaran dan kepekaan vibrasi. Sebagai upaya melatih siswa tunarungu dalam mengoptimalkan kepekaan sisa pendengaran, dibutuhkan media pembelajaran yang kreatif, salah satunya dengan Aplikasi GEMBIRA (Mengenal Ragam Bunyi dan Suara). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan Aplikasi GEMBIRA dalam melatih kepekaan terhadap bunyi dan suara bagi siswa tunarungu jenjang sekolah dasar kelas 1 di SLB Negeri Balikpapan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan melibatkan sampel sebanyak 7 siswa tunarungu pada jenjang SDLB Kelas 1 Tunarungu tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan Single Subject Research (SSR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pembelajaran menggunakan aplikasi GEMBIRA ini menjadi sangat fleksibel karena dapat dilakukan dimana saja serta kapan saja, (2) aplikasi GEMBIRA memudahkan guru dalam menemukan berbagai bunyi latar belakang sebagai media pembelajaran untuk melatihkan kompetensi mengenal bunyi latar belakang pada siswa tunarungu, (3) fitur yang menarik dalam aplikasi GEMBIRA meningkatkan motivasi dan minat belajar PKPBI siswa tunarungu jenjang SDLB kelas 1. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan media pembelajaran berbasis digital dapat memberikan manfaat bagi keberlangsungan proses pembelajaran yang lebih variatif.