bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keanekaragaman Lumut Kerak (Lichenes) di Area Kaki Gunung Mutis
Authors: Kamaluddin  , Hano’e Emanuel M. Y. , Pardosi Lukas
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study was to explore, identify and describe the types of Lichenes in the foothills of Mount Mutis in Eban Village. This research was conducted in April-July 2022 using a qualitative descriptive approach with the reconassance method. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique by taking samples, collecting and collecting them to assist in the laboratory. The results of research that have been carried out by lichens found at the foot of Mount Mutis, Eban Village, West Miomaffo District, amount to 21 types of lichen species with descriptions: Leptogium azureum, Pertusaria sp, Lepraria Loficans, Lepraria incana, Parmelia saxatilis, Parmotrema tinctorum, Cetrelia olivetorum, Heterodermia japonica, Usnea hirta, Parmotrema perlatum, Graphis scripta, Graphis sp 1, Graphis sp 2, Haematomma accolens, Cryptothecia striata, Bacidia schweinitzii, Bacidia sp, Dirinaria applanate, Opegrapha gyrocarpa, Lecidella elaeochroma, Caloplaca ferruginea. The most common lichen groups were the 12 families Parmeliaceae most commonly found in research lines with 5 species, Graphidaceae 4 species, Bacidia 2 species, Stereocaulaceae 2 species, and Collemataceaee, Pertusariaceae, Haematommataceae, Artho-niaceae, Physciaceae, Opegraphaceae, Lecidellaleceae, Teloschistaceae 1 species each. Lichen substrate found living on tree trunks, tree stalks and rocks. The form of lichen thallus that was most commonly found was Crustose which was 62%, then Foliose thallus was 33% and Fruticose was 5%. The diversity of mosses in the study area is strongly influenced by both abiotic and biotic environmental factors. The type of Licen found in Eban Village is a Lichen which is able to adapt to an environment which incidentally is dominated by dry land.
Makanan Awetan Ikan Leiognathus equulus Asal Bangka Belitung melalui Fermentasi Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Uji Organoleptiknya
Authors: Harmiatun Yovita , Adisti Ratnapuri  , Elita Winona
Published: February 2025

This study used Leiognathus equulus (fish pepetek) with simple biotechnology through lactic acid fermentation to produce preserved food that has intact fish texture, fragrant aroma, and delicious taste. The data collection technique used a closed questionnaire to the respondents. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis of percentages and table tabulation of the percentage of preference criteria. The results showed that the preserved food products that were most liked by the public, namely the first sample fermentation was fermentation in the B3 sample, namely with a concentration of 30 grams of granulated sugar, 2 grams of Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria and 10 grams of salt. Percentage of assessment of the appearance of 94%, which is highly preferred with very attractive appearance indicators, fish shape that is intact, soft and fresh brownish white color. The organoleptic assessment of taste, which is 86%, is very favorable with indicators that it tastes very good, sweet and savory. The aroma is 90%, it is highly preferred with the indicator that the aroma is very delicious, fresh and smells like fruit. The organoleptic assessment of texture is 92% which is very favorable with indicators of soft, intact texture and softer bones fresh and fragrant like fruit. The organoleptic assessment of texture is 92% which is very favorable with indicators of soft, intact texture and softer bones.
Potensi Antijamur Ekstrak Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) terhadap Candida albicans
Authors: Rahmawati Fri , Yang John Jackson , Bavelina Irene Rumiris
Published: February 2025

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) is a plant that grows and is widely used in Sumatra, especially by the Batak tribe (North Sumatra). Andaliman is empirically used for the treatment of diarrhea, toothache, and is a natural food preservative. Resistance increase of antifungal drugs to Candida albicans, so research is needed to find new ingredients that are effective as antifungals. The use of traditional medicines derived from plants can be an alternative for the community as an antifungal. The aim of the research was to determine the class of active compounds and the potential of andaliman fruit extract to inhibit the growth of C. albicans. The extraction process uses the maceration method with 70% ethanol and aquadest as a solvent. The antifungal activity test method used was the disc diffusion method and the phytochemical test using the Harborne method. The concentration of andaliman extract used was 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10%, positive control was fluconazole and negative control was distilled water. The results showed that the andaliman extract was able to inhibit the growth of C. albicans with the lowest concentration of 10%. Andaliman extract (ethanol and aquadest) contains active compounds in the form of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids.
Nemkötelező fantasztikumok. Egy alternatív irodalomtankönyvről…
Authors: Domokos Áron
Published: February 2025

recenzió
Injective hydrogel encapsulating dental pulp stem cells for the treatment of traumatic optic nerve injury
Authors: Luo Lihua , Xing Zhenjie , Li Yao , Wang Ben , Dong Na , Sun Jiayi , Wang Shuimiao , Xu Yidi , He Yan , Li Lingli , Nan Kaihui , Ye Qingsong
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of GeLMA/bFGF hydrogel loaded with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on the repair and regeneration of traumatic optic nerve injury.

Materials and methods

GeLMA/bFGF hydrogel was photo-cross-linked by LED light. The physical–chemical properties and cytocompatibility of GeLMA/bFGF hydrogel after being squeezed (GeLMA/bFGF-SQ) were evaluated by SEM and degradation analyses, as well as live/dead and CCK-8 assays, respectively. The axon growth of PC12 cells was evaluated by MAP2 staining. The GeLMA/bFGF/DPSCs-SQ hydrogel was injected in situ into the lesion site to observe the repair of optic nerve injury. The number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was calculated by βIII-tubulin staining. The length of regenerated axons was observed by CTB staining. Tissue recovery and axon growth of the optic nerve were observed by HE and TEM analyses, respectively.

Results

GeLMA/bFGF-SQ hydrogel had a porous structure and great degradability, as well as good cytocompatibility. Meanwhile, DPSCs-conditioned medium (DPSCs-CM) could promote the axon growth of PC12 cells. Moreover, the number of RGCs and the regeneration of axons of the optic nerve were the highest in the GeLMA/bFGF/DPSCs-SQ group. HE and TEM data revealed abundant newly and orderly arrangement of optic nerve axons that was observed in the damaged area of the GeLMA/bFGF/DPSCs-SQ group.

Conclusion

Transplantation of GeLMA/bFGF/DPSCs-SQ in situ provided an appropriate microenvironment for the repair and regeneration of injured optic nerves. Moreover, DPSCs combined with bFGF protected the RGCs from apoptosis and promoted optic nerve regeneration by secreting a series of neurotrophic factors.
Clinical metabolomics in type 2 diabetes mellitus: from pathogenesis to biomarkers
Authors: Liu Chuanxin , Chen Hetao , Ma Yujin , Zhang Lei , Chen Lulu , Huang Jiarui , Zhao Zizhe , Jiang Hongwei , Kong Jiao
Published: February 2025

As a multidimensional metabolic disorder, the disability and death rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased over time. T2DM covers a wide range of pathological manifestations ranging from hyperglycemia to multi-organ failure, and it has the potential to evolve into acute complications, including ketosis and chronic complications such as peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. T2DM mainly occurs in microvascular and large vessels and thus it is restricted for the clinician to diagnose and prescribe. However, the pathological mechanism and clinical diagnosis are inadequate. High-throughput metabolomics, characterized by non-invasive diagnostic techniques to identify potential biomarkers and distinct stages of T2DM, has been increasingly recognized as a vigorous tool with latent capacity for clinical translation. The pathological stratification of T2DM can significantly reduce disability and mortality rates. By tracing the metabolome and associated pathways from impaired fasting blood glucose or impaired glucose tolerance to severe organ failure, the chief contributions of large, independent population-based cohorts are summarized herein. These results facilitate understanding the pathophysiology and mechanism and supports research in accurate diagnosis, risk prediction, curative effect, distinct stages, and prognosis judgment of T2DM.
Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as predictors of carotid atherosclerosis in individuals with normal fasting lipid profiles: a prospective follow-up study
Authors: Hou Yilin , Tian Peipei , Song Guangyao , Song An , Liu Dandan , Wang Zhimin , Shi Yihe , Tang Yale , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Luxuan , Ren Luping
Published: February 2025

Background

Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), a key precipitator of cardiovascular incidents, is linked to postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL), as reflected by elevated triglycerides (TG) and remnant cholesterol (RC). This study explores the oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) for its predictive value in CAS, using postprandial TRL levels as a diagnostic biomarker.

Methods

A total of 107 volunteers with normal fasting lipid profiles and no CAS at baseline were included. They received an OFTT after consuming a meal containing 60% fat (1500 kcal). Serum lipid profiles were monitored at fasting and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h postprandially. The participants were categorized into postprandial normotriglyceridemia and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia groups based on their postprandial TG levels. After a 6-year follow-up, fasting lipid profiles and CAS status were reassessed. The baseline fasting and postprandial lipid levels in the CAS and non-CAS groups were compared. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the postprandial lipid profiles across different groups. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the effects of postprandial TG and RC levels on CAS incidence.

Results

The incidence of CAS in the postprandial hypertriglyceridemia group was 66.0%, which was significantly higher than the 13.3% observed in the postprandial normotriglyceridemia group (P < 0.001). In the CAS group, postprandial TG and RC levels peaked 4 h after a high-fat meal and did not return to fasting levels, even after 10 h. The levels of 4h-postprandial TG (TG4h), maximum postprandial TG (TGmax), 4h-postprandial RC (RC4h), and maximum postprandial RC (RCmax) were significantly higher in the CAS group than in the non-CAS group (P < 0.05). At baseline, TG4h (P < 0.001), TGmax (P = 0.006), RC4h (P < 0.001), and RCmax (P = 0.003) were statistically significant predictors of CAS, whereas fasting TG (P = 0.200) and fasting RC (P = 0.200) were not significantly associated with CAS.

Conclusion

The standardized OFTT has predictive value for CAS, and elevated TRL levels after a high-fat meal in individuals with normal fasting lipid profiles may serve as an early marker for CAS.
Association of the Chinese visceral adiposity index with marrow adiposity in postmenopausal females
Authors: Zuo Xiaoyong , Miao Zeyang , Xu Run , Shi Dan , Chang Shixin , Li Guanwu , Luo Peng
Published: February 2025

Objective

To investigate the relationship between the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and vertebral proton density fat fraction (PDFF).

Methods

The study included 181 postmenopausal females including 53 normal bone mineral density (BMD), 88 osteopenia, and 40 osteoporosis. Vertebral marrow PDFF was measured using Fat Analysis & Calculation Technique imaging, and BMD was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone turnover biomarkers and lipid metabolism were evaluated. The relationship between CVAI and PDFF was assessed using multivariable linear regression models, generalized additive models, and threshold effect analysis.

Results

The mean BMD at the lumbar spine increased, and PDFF significantly decreased as quartiles of CVAI increased (P for trends <0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed a clear negative correlation between CVAI and PDFF (regression coefficient β = −0.251, 95% CI, −0.303 to −0.200; P < 0.001) after adjusting for age, time since menopause, waist circumference, body mass index, physical activity, and lipid profiles. The association with marrow PDFF remained significant (β = −0.202, 95% CI, −0.255 to −0.149, P < 0.001) even after additional adjustment for BMD. Further analysis revealed an L-shaped non-linear relationship between CVAI and marrow PDFF after adjusting for age, time since menopause, waist circumference, body mass index, physical activity, lipid profiles, and BMD. An inflection point was identified at a CVAI of 128.3, below which each one-unit increase in CVAI corresponded to a more substantial decrease in marrow PDFF (β = −0.0055, 95% CI: −0.0064 to −0.0045; P < 0.001). However, above this inflection point, each unit increase in CVAI was not significantly associated with a decrease in marrow PDFF.

Conclusions

CVAI exhibited a nonlinear negative association with marrow adiposity within a suitable range, once CVAI crossed a definite threshold, PDFF ceased to increase. This finding suggests that a moderate visceral fat accumulation may enhance skeletal integrity, while excessive visceral fat could potentially have detrimental effects.
Comparative evaluation of pseudonym-based anonymisation techniques for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs)
Authors: Sheik Al Tariq , Liu Jia , Dianati Mehrdad , Maple Carsten
Published: February 2025

The technical requirements for securing safety-related applications in connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) include security (e.g., authentication, integrity, non-repudiation depending on the specific applications), privacy (e.g., anonymity and unlinkability) and computing efficiency of the solutions designed to address security and privacy aspects. Several cryptographic techniques have been considered in the literature to meet these technical requirements. A notable category of these techniques is often referred to as pseudonym schemes in the context of CAVs, which aim to address security and privacy simultaneously. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research on pseudonym techniques for CAVs, including a comparative evaluation of their performance in the context of two representative safety-related CAV applications: Cooperative positioning and intersection collision avoidance. This study aims to guide the effective adoption of such schemes for various applications in CAVs. In this paper, three main categories of pseudonym schemes are considered: public key schemes, identity-based signatures, and group signatures. We compare these schemes with respect to security and privacy requirements as identified for several CAV applications. We also implement several representative pseudonym schemes in each category to evaluate their processing efficiency for signing and verifying messages used in CAV applications to provide insight into their applicability for CAV applications.
Zinc finger protein ZC3H18 is abnormally expressed in esophageal cancer tissues and facilitates the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Yujin , Wan Yilong , Li Jiaxi , Ju Sheng , Tong Xin , Wu Ji , Wu Hao , Zhang Liuqing , Shao Shengxiang , Wang Yuhong , Guo Lingchuan , Zhao Jun , Cao Lei , Jiang Dong
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Esophageal cancer presents significant challenges due to the limited efficacy and severe side effects associated with conventional treatments. The identification of epigenetic regulatory molecules that are aberrantly expressed in tumors is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of esophageal cancer.

Methods

We performed high-throughput methylation level analysis on cancerous and adjacent tissues from 25 patients, identifying the differentially methylated gene ZC3H18 utilizing Bismark software and data from TCGA. Esophageal cancer cell lines with ZC3H18 knockdown were used to validate the biological role of ZC3H18 in tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Eukaryotic transcriptome sequencing analysis was conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying ZC3H18 function.

Results

We identified 30 genes exhibiting significant methylation differences between cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues in 25 patients. Subsequent analysis utilizing the TCGA database revealed that the gene ZC3H18 is aberrantly expressed in tumor tissues and is closely associated with patient prognosis. Examination of esophageal cancer tissue samples demonstrated overexpression of the ZC3H18 protein, which was positively correlated with adverse prognosis indicators, including tumor differentiation, stage, and invasion depth. ZC3H18 knockdown significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and damage repair. Additionally, ZC3H18 significantly promoted tumor growth in vivo. The expression of various cytokeratins was significantly reduced following the ZC3H18 gene knockdown. ZC3H18 and multiple keratins were co-localized in esophageal cancer tissue.

Discussion

ZC3H18 gene exhibits differential methylation in esophageal cancer was positively correlated with unfavorable patient prognosis. ZC3H18 plays a critical role in the regulation of biological functions within esophageal tumors.
Effects of high stocking density on the growth performance, intestinal health and bile salts composition of broiler chickens
Authors: Dong Yuanyang , Zheng Yuqi , Liu Haoyu , Wang Yaru , Cui Jiaqing , Wu Yuan , Yan Lei , Miao Zhiqiang , Han Miaomiao , Huang Chenxuan , Li Peifeng , Su Yuan , Shen Yiru , Zhang Junzhen , Yuan Jianmin , Zhang Bingkun , Li Jianhui
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The intestinal dysfunction plays an important role in the decreased growth performance of broiler chickens under high stocking density. Gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining intestinal health. However, the modulation pathway of gut microbiota by regulating the intestinal barrier and histomorphology remains unknown.

Methods

One hundred and forty-four male Arbor Acres broilers (22-d-old) with similar weight were randomly assigned to two treatments: a high (HSD, 20 broilers/m2) or low stocking density treatment (LSD, 14 broilers/m2), with six replicates per treatment. The experimental period was 20 days, from 22 to 42 days of age.

Results

The final body weight at 42 days of age was lower in the HSD group (P = 0.0013) and average daily feed intake (P = 0.016) and weight gain of broilers from 22 to 42 days decreased (P = 0.012). In the HSD group on day 42, villus height and the ratio of villus height to the crypt depth in the ileum decreased (P < 0.05); mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, occludin (P < 0.01) and ZO1 (P < 0.05), were downregulated; whereas IL-6, TNFα, and NFκB p65 (P < 0.05) and IL-1β (P < 0.01) were upregulated. The HSD treatment increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P = 0.045) and decreased that of Alistipes (P = 0.031). Cecal concentrations of acetic (P < 0.05) and butyric acids (P < 0.05) decreased. Gut metabolites co-metabolized by the host and gut microbiota were altered in the HSD group, with decreases in glycerophospholipid and tryptophan metabolites negatively correlated with Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). The metabolite content of conjugated bile acids decreased and free bile acids increased (P < 0.05) with HSD. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) was increased in the intestine of HSD-treated broilers (P < 0.01). The total cholic acid content of the HSD group was lower in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05) but higher in the cecum than in the LSD group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

HSD caused dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota such as increased Lactobacillus, along with enhanced BSH activity and excessive unabsorbed free bile acids. This resulted in ileal epithelial cells damage, inflammation, decreased growth performance of broilers under high stocking densities.
Q-Der: a next-generation CoQ10 analogue supercharging neuroprotection by combating oxidative stress and enhancing mitochondrial function
Authors: Micucci Matteo , Gianfanti Federico , Donati Zeppa Sabrina , Annibalini Giosuè , Canonico Barbara , Fanelli Fabiana , Saltarelli Roberta , Osman Riham , Montanari Mariele , Lopez Daniele , Nasoni Gemma , Panza Giovanna , Bargagni Erik , Luchetti Francesca , Retini Michele , Mari Michele , Zappia Giovanni , Stocchi Vilberto , Bartolacci Alessia , Burattini Sabrina , Battistelli Michela
Published: February 2025

Background

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are central mechanisms in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This study first evaluated the toxicity of Q-Der (Q10-diacetate), a derivative of Coenzyme Q10, in HT22 hippocampal neurons under normal and oxidative stress conditions.

Methods

HT22 cells were treated with Q-Der at 2.5, 5 and 10 µM with and without rotenone. Mitochondrial superoxide production (Mitosox), gene expression (via qRT-PCR), and protein levels (via Western blot) were measured. Morphological analyses were performed using transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopes.

Results

Q-Der significantly reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels, particularly at 5 μM, and upregulated key mitochondrial biogenesis genes, including PGC-1α and TFAM. Additionally, it restored the expression of MT-ND1 and MT-COI, which were downregulated by rotenone. Western blot results showed a significant recovery in CV-ATP5A (complex V) expression (p < 0.05), preserving mitochondrial ATP production. Morphological analyses further confirmed Q-Der’s ability to maintain cellular and mitochondrial structure under stress conditions.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that Q-Der is non-toxic under normal conditions and protects against oxidative stress, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases.
Structural insights into SOD1: from in silico and molecular dynamics to experimental analyses of ALS-associated E49K and R115G mutants
Authors: Hosseini Faradonbeh Seyed Mahdi , Seyedalipour Bagher , Keivan Behjou Nasrin , Rezaei Kimiya , Baziyar Payam , Hosseinkhani Saman
Published: February 2025

Protein stability is a crucial characteristic that influences both protein activity and structure and plays a significant role in several diseases. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations serve as a model for elucidating the destabilizing effects on protein folding and misfolding linked to the lethal neurological disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the present study, we have examined the structure and dynamics of the SOD1 protein upon two ALS-associated point mutations at the surface (namely, E49K and R115G), which are located in metal-binding loop IV and Greek key loop VI, respectively. Our analysis was performed through multiple algorithms on the structural characterization of the hSOD1 protein using computational predictions, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and experimental studies to understand the effects of amino acid substitutions. Predictive results of computational analysis predicted the deleterious and destabilizing effect of mutants on hSOD1 function and stability. MD outcomes also indicate that the mutations result in structural destabilization by affecting the increased content of β-sheet structures and loss of hydrogen bonds. Moreover, comparative intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence results of WT-hSOD1 and mutants indicated structural alterations and increased hydrophobic surface pockets, respectively. As well, the existence of β-sheet-dominated structures was observed under amyloidogenic conditions using FTIR spectroscopy. Overall, our findings suggest that mutations in the metal-binding loop IV and Greek key loop VI lead to significant structural and conformational changes that could affect the structure and stability of the hSOD1 molecule, resulting in the formation of toxic intermediate species that cause ALS.
Analysis of clinical efficacy of sacral magnetic stimulation for the treatment of detrusor underactivity
Authors: Pan Huixian , Tang Chenhao , Song Chen , Li Junhua
Published: February 2025

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of sacral magnetic stimulation (SMS) in the management of detrusor underactivity (DU).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 66 patients with detrusor underactivity treated at Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital from January 2020 to October 2024, divided into two groups (33 cases each). Both groups had confirmed detrusor underactivity via urodynamic studies. The control group received conventional treatment (medication, catheterization, bladder training), while the observation group received SMS therapy. Urination diaries, urodynamic parameters and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were collected before and after the 4-week treatment to evaluate SMS efficacy and safety.

Results

All patients in the observation group completed the course of sacral magnetic stimulation without experiencing any serious complications. After treatment, the observation group showed a significant reduction in the number of daily urinations, nocturnal urinations, SAS score and residual urine volume (RUV) (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) (p > 0.05). However, improvements were observed in SAS score, Detrusor Pressure at Maximum Flow (Pdet), Bladder Contractility Index (BCI), Maximum urinary Flow Rate (Qmax) and Average Urinary Flow Rate (Qavg) (p < 0.05). The effective rate in the observation group was 78.78%, significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Although there was a slight decrease in the effective rate during the 6-month follow-up, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, sacral magnetic stimulation therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in improving urinary function in patients with detrusor underactivity while maintaining a high level of safety.
Effects of baclofen on swallow motor pattern
Authors: Fielder Nathan W. , Frazure Michael , Poliacek Ivan , Bolser Donald C. , Iceman Kimberly E. , Pitts Teresa
Published: February 2025

Baclofen is a GABAB receptor agonist used clinically to manage spasticity. It has also been associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation and rates of aspiration pneumonitis. We hypothesized that baclofen would impair pharyngeal swallow, a vital airway protective reflex. Electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded in four spontaneously breathing, sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Swallow was stimulated by oral water infusion before and after administration of 3 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg (±)baclofen doses. Swallow-related thyrohyoid EMG amplitude increased after 3 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg (±)baclofen, while parasternal EMG amplitude decreased after 3 μg/kg (±)baclofen. Geniohyoid, thyroarytenoid, and thyropharyngeus EMG amplitudes increased on average, but did not reach significance. Clinically, increased thyrohyoid activation may extend duration of laryngeal abduction. Decreased parasternal activation could impair development of the negative intrathoracic pressure that aids bolus propulsion during swallow. These changes may reflect increased risk of aspiration, and more work is needed to study the effects of baclofen on airway protection.
Bibliometric analysis of cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hu Jihua , Zhu Ruiting , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yuchen , Liu Jixin , Wang Wenyang , Li Chiyin , Yang Tong , Zhang Ming , Niu Xuan
Published: February 2025

Background

Cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly reduces quality of life and imposes a heavy burden on society. A detailed examination of research trends of cognitive dysfunction following TBI has not yet been conducted. This study aimed to examine the bibliometric analysis of cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury over the past 20 years.

Methods

Literature on bibliometric analysis was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) from 2004 to 2023. The type of literature and the language were refined. A total of 1,902 articles were used for bibliometric analysis, including 1,543 (81.1%) original articles and 359 (18.9%) review articles. Data were retrieved on June 5, 2024.

Results

The publication volume of articles was increasing year by year, with articles published in 537 journals. The Journal of Neurotrauma, with 130 articles, was the most productive and influential journal. The University of California System led in the number of articles published. There were 9,002 authors from 62 countries/regions. The USA and China were the top-ranked countries by article count. Pandharipande PP authored the highly cited article. Pick CG, as the author with the highest h-index. The top three of author keywords were traumatic brain injury, cognitive impairment, and mild traumatic brain injury. The topics of cognitive dysfunction after TBI were ferroptosis, cognitive decline, spinal cord injury, and prognosis.

Conclusion

Our findings provide valuable insights into cognitive dysfunction following TBI and highlight emerging trends for future research.
Dietary total antioxidant capacity and risk of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 170,919 participants
Authors: Li Ruomeng , Shu Long , Zhu Qin , Lu Dan
Published: February 2025

Background

Observational studies have assessed the association between total antioxidant capacity of the diet and risk of diabetes mellitus. However, results from these studies were not entirely consistent. In the current systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A systematic literature search of authentic electronic resources including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was carried out to find the relevant articles published up to November 2024. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to aggregate the relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) where appropriate. Heterogeneity across the studies were determined using the Cochran’s Q test and I-square (I2) statistics.

Results

A total of 10 observational studies (five cohort, three case-control and two cross-sectional studies) were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that higher dietary TAC was significantly associated with lower risk of prediabetes (RR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.34–0.97; p = 0.039) and diabetes mellitus (RR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.58–0.87, p = 0.001). In addition, dose-response analysis showed a linear trend association between dietary TAC and risk of diabetes mellitus (RR = 0.928; 95% CI: 0.842–1.023, pdose-response = 0.131, pnonlinearity = 0.078). Subgroup analyses showed the significant inverse association between dietary TAC and diabetes mellitus in mean age <50 and sample size <5,000 (RR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.16–0.41, p < 0.001), and there was no evidence of heterogeneity (p = 0.939; I2 = 0.0%). Meanwhile, there was also an inverse association between dietary TAC and diabetes mellitus in Western countries (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68–0.92, p = 0.003), with less evidence of heterogeneity (p = 0.226; I2 = 36.7%).

Conclusion

Overall, higher dietary TAC was inversely associated with the risk of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus. Further well-designed prospective studies or randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the present findings.

Systematic Review Register

(PROSPERO), CRD42024611235.
Case Report: Grade 4 pneumonitis occurred after thoracic radiotherapy and dacomitinib in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Ailing , Wen Junxu , Zhao Kaikai , Jiang Liyang , Meng Xiangjiao
Published: February 2025

Osimertinib combined with chest radiotherapy has a high incidence of pneumonia, dacomitinib is widely used in clinical practice, but there are no studies reporting the pulmonary safety of dacomitinib in combinating with radiotherapy. Here we report a case of radiation pneumonitis occurring by dacomitinib and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT). The patient was a 55-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma. She had received surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient presented with bilateral intramammary and para-aortic metastatic lymphadenopathy, which was confirmed as metastasis, and subsequently received treatment with dacomitinib. Radiotherapy started after 4 months of dacomitinib. The Clinical Target Volume (CTV) was metastatic lymph nodes area. The prescription dose was 60 Gy/30F. The mean lung dose (MLD), V20, and V5 were 8.16Gy, 16%, and 34.5%. Despite the lung V20 and mean lung dose being exceptionally low, the patient exhibited respiratory symptoms, and a CT chest scan revealed grade 4 radiation pneumonitis two weeks following the conclusion of radiotherapy. The radiotherapy and dacomitinib were discontinued, and immediate initiation of pulmonary anti-inflammatory treatment ensued. The concurrent administration of dacomitinib and RT carries the risk of inducing serious pneumonia. This case highlights the potential risk of severe pneumonia associated with this combination therapy, emphasizing the need for further research to clarify its safety and develop effective management strategies.
Treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: review of current evidence and synthesis of expert opinions on radioligand therapy
Authors: Poon Darren M. C. , Cheung William S. K. , Chiu Peter K. F. , Chung Daniel H. S. , Kung John B. T. , Lam Daisy C. M. , Leung Angus K. C. , Ng Anthony C. F. , O’Sullivan Joe M. , Teoh Jeremy Y. C. , Wu Philip Y. , Wu Sam K. K. , Kwong Philip W. K.
Published: February 2025

Background

Despite the boom in the development of cancer management in the last decade, most patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) eventually progress to metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) and often require multiple lines of treatment. The treatment landscape of mCRPC has evolved rapidly in recent years, introducing various types of systemic therapies, including taxane-based chemotherapy, androgen receptor pathway inhibitors, bone-targeted radionuclides (e.g., radium-223), immune checkpoint inhibitors, poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and radioligand therapies (RLTs) [e.g., a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand labelled with 177Lu].

Methods

To help clinicians navigate the increasingly complex treatment landscape of mCRPC, this article reviews the evidence on different therapeutic regimens from pivotal trials. In addition, it reports on the results of a questionnaire developed and distributed by the Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology (HKSUO), with the aim of collecting the perspectives of specialists experienced in the treatment of advanced PCa in Hong Kong with regard to the clinical application of RLT, primarily [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617/analogue therapy.

Results

A total of 43 questionnaire respondents (including clinical oncologists, urologists, nuclear medicine specialists, and medical oncologists) voted on 27 consensus questions divided into eight sections. Consensus or strong consensus (correspondingly ≥75% or ≥90% acceptance for an answer option) was reached for 10 questions. Subsequently, a panel of 13 local and overseas experts coordinated by the HKSUO discussed the voting results and provided further insights into certain questions.

Conclusion

The literature review, the voting results of the questionnaire, and the expert opinions are expected to facilitate better understanding of recent therapeutic advancements and the role of novel RLTs in the treatment of mCRPC among clinicians.
Enhanced efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined locoregional therapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A single - center retrospective study
Authors: Bu Junfeng , Li Zihan , Hu Die , Lan Ling , Huang Jiwei , Wang Xin , Li Qiu , Zhou Jin , Zeng Yong
Published: February 2025

Background

Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant treatment challenges. While locoregional therapies (LT) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) offer some benefits, prognosis remains poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown promise in other oncological settings, suggesting potential benefits in HCC treatment regimens.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 232 patients diagnosed with unresectable HCC at West China Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023. Patients were categorized into two treatment groups: LT+TKI and LT+TKI+ICI. All patients underwent standardized locoregional treatments and first-line TKIs, with the latter group also receiving ICIs. The primary endpoints measured were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Survival analysis utilized Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models.

Results

The LT+TKI+ICI group demonstrated significantly improved survival outcomes compared to the LT+TKI group. Median OS was 28 ± 3.9 months in the LT+TKI+ICI group versus 21 ± 3.0 months in the LT+TKI group, with corresponding 6-, 12-, and 24-month OS rates of 96.8%, 79.3%, and 59.4% versus 85.8%, 71.5%, and 44.1%, respectively (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.449-0.913; P = 0.014). Median PFS also favored the LT+TKI+ICI group (11 ± 1.1 months vs. 7 ± 0.76 months; HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.452-0.805; P<0.001). Multivariable analysis identified LT+TKI, vascular invasion, and metastasis as independent risk factors for poorer survival outcomes.

Conclusions

Adding ICI to LT and TKI significantly extends both OS and PFS in patients with unresectable HCC. These findings suggest that integrating ICI into treatment protocols could be beneficial in managing unresectable HCC, particularly for patients with vascular invasion.
Significance of LRFN4 in prognosis and tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Nana , Cao Shuming , Tan Xiaofeng , Liu Meirong
Published: February 2025

Background

LRFN4 is expressed in various tumors and leukemia cell lines. This study aims to explore the effect of LRFN4 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods

The data on LUAD patients were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database. The expression of LRFN4 in LUAD and LUAD cell lines was analyzed via differential gene analysis, qRT-PCR assay, and Western blotting assay. The correlation of LRFN4 expression with the onset of LUAD were calculated using Pearson correlation analysis. The transcription factors correlated with LRFN4 expression were screened by differential expression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Moreover, the effect of LRFN4 on the immune landscape of LUAD was analyzed using CIBERSORT algorithm. The GDSC and CTRP databases were used to analyze the drug sensitivity of hub gene.

Results

LRFN4 was highly expressed in LUAD patients and cells, and LRFN4 expression was correlated with metastasis, pathological stages, and age of LUAD patients. The transcription factors E2F1 and E2F3 could regulate LRFN4 expression by binding upstream of LRFN4. The 8 immune cell infiltration levels were differential between LRFN4high and LRFN4low patients. The ESTIMATEScore and ImmuneScore levels were decreased, the TumorPurity level was elevated, and 6 immune checkpoint expressions were increased in LRFN4high patients. Moreover, LRFN4high patients had inferior prognosis. The mutation rate of TP53, TTN, and MUC6 and the level of TMB were increased in LRFN4high patients. The expressions of TCF3, E2F1, E2F3, and LRFN4 were correlated with the IC50 of multiple drugs.

Conclusion

LRFN4 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for LUAD, shows specific overexpression in LUAD and may be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD patients.
Improving the bandwidth of microstructured multimode W-type POFs in the visible light range
Authors: Drljača Branko , Simović Ana , Djordjevich Alexandar , Aidinis Konstantinos , Savović Svetislav
Published: February 2025

The bandwidth of multimode W-type microstructured plastic optical fibers (mPOFs) is analyzed using the time-dependent power flow equation (TD PFE). The results demonstrate that increasing the wavelength enhances the bandwidth in W-type mPOFs, depending on the inner cladding width and the launch beam distribution width. We observed that bandwidth improves with thinner and shallower inner cladding, as well as a narrower centrally launched beam. This characterization aligns with the fibers’ effectiveness in increasing bandwidth, allowing for the customization of various W-type optical fibers for specific applications at different wavelengths.
Music listening for psychological well-being in adults with acquired vision impairment: a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Somani Nurbanu , Street Alexander , Beukes Eldre Wiida , Zhang Jufen , Allen Peter M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Vision impairment (VI) has a profound impact on mental health and well-being. Music-based interventions, such as active music listening, have potential to induce relaxation, improve mood, and reduce stress. This study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of a supportive self-care music intervention in adults with acquired VI, who ran their listening program independently.

Methods

A two-arm, parallel-group, single-blind feasibility randomised controlled trial compared: (1) daily music listening with brief mindfulness instructions and (2) daily music listening alone. The study adhered to the CONSORT extension for pilot and feasibility trials and the music reporting checklist. Feasibility was determined by collecting data on attrition, through recruitment and retention at pre-post and 3-month follow-up, including adherence and fidelity which were determined by participants’ questionnaire and daily log completion, respectively. Acceptability was determined through data capture in the questionnaires. To assess whether the music intervention had an impact on anxiety and depression and stress, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) were used.

Results

Eighty-one VI participants were randomised to mindful music listening (n = 41) or music listening alone (n = 40), with 85% (n = 69) completing the intervention (post intervention end-point). A rating of ‘highly satisfied’ was given for the intervention by 77% (n = 53) of participants. Feasibility was determined through retention which was 71% at the three-month follow-up, and adherence to the daily log completion, which was low (16%), resulting in insufficient data to assess fidelity to the music listening. HADS and PSS-14 data indicated a reduction in anxiety, depression and stress at post-intervention phase.

Conclusions

The recruitment and retention rates suggest that an efficacy study is feasible. However, adherence to daily log completion was low, resulting in uncertainty regarding the fidelity of the listening conditions. While completing the daily logs was not required in this study, it should be mandatory in future trials.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/, identifier NCT05243732.
Tree crop interactions, productivity and physiological efficiency of understorey crops in Alnus nepalensis and Gmelina arborea based agroforestry systems in Eastern Himalayas
Authors: Rangappa Krishnappa , Singh Nongmaithem Raju , Janyanaik Joga Rajappa , Mohapatra Kamal Prasad , Chandra Puran , Choudhury Burhan U. , Moiranghtem Prabha , Debnath Supriya , Chanu L. Joymati , Devi Ningthoujam Peetambari , Singh Nongmaithem Uttam , Hazarika Samarendra , Kumar Yengkhom Bijen , Mishra Vinay Kumar
Published: February 2025

Climate change, land degradation, and shrinking land resources are major limitations for increasing crop productivity in the East Himalayan Region (EHR). Agroforestry having a plethora of complementarities is a preferable land-use option for improving agricultural productivity while conserving the natural resources. The effects of agroforestry systems with Gamhari (Gmelina arborea) (GAFS) and Alder (Alnus nepalensis) (AAFS) as tree components, on the soil nutrients, physiological characteristics, and productivity of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius), and colocasia (Colocasia esculenta), were assessed in a split plot design with trees in the main plots and understorey crops in sub-plots. The hypothesis of the study was the tree components had enriched the soils and favorably influenced physiological attributes of the understorey crops, enhancing the yields and maximising systems productivities. AAFS canopy had a higher (p < 0.05) leaf area index (LAI = 2.19) than the GAFS (LAI = 1.01). AAFS recorded 32% lower (p < 0.05) photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) than sole crops under treeless conditions (TLS). ANOVA revealed significant interactions (p < 0.01) between tree systems and the understorey crops with their influence on chlorophyll content (SCMR), leaf thickness (LT), stomatal size (SS), stomatal frequency (SF), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rates (A), transpiration rates (E), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (iWUE) and crop yields (YLD). SCMR, SS, SF, gs, iWUE, and YLD in GAFS and AAFS increased significantly (p < 0.05) over TLS, whereas, SF and E significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Regression of physiological traits on yields showed SS (b = 0.0884, p = 0.002), gs (b = 0.00934, p = 0.018), and iWUE (b = 0.2981, p = 0.008) influenced positively, whereas SF (b = −0.0381, p = 0.019) and E (b = −2.304, p = 0.02) negatively impacted the YLD of understorey crops. Alder-turmeric system harnessed the attenuated light with better soil fertility most favorably, supporting high SCMR, low E, high A, high gs to produce higher YLD. Turmeric achieved the highest system productivity (USD 4,281 ha−1 year−1) under the AAFS. Soil pH, organic carbon and nitrogen were significantly enriched (p < 0.05) after 14 years of converting the lands to agroforestry systems. Alder-turmeric was the most effective tree-crop pairing delivering enhanced productivity, soil health and economic returns for sustainable agriculture in the EHR.
Effects of Acoustic Shielding on Beamforming for Rotating Sound Source Localization
Authors: Zhang Ce , Lee Cheng Wei , Ma Wei
Published: February 2025

Beamforming for rotating sound source localization (denoted by rotating beamforming) is widely used in engineering nowadays. Acoustic shielding, such as shafts and covers, is typically employed in the practical measurement of rotating source localization. Acoustic shielding blocks the signal propagation between rotating sources and the array, and thus affects the performance of rotating beamforming. However, the detailed effects of acoustic shielding on rotating beamforming are still unclear. In this study, the blocking rate that represents the degree of signal propagation path blockage is defined first. The effects of acoustic shielding on rotating beamforming are then investigated in simulations. Finally, these effects are verified by experiments. According to the results of the simulation and experiments, rotating beamforming can still localize rotating sources, as long as the signal propagation path is not completely blocked. However acoustic shielding decreases sound intensity accuracy, especially when the blocking rate is larger than 50%. When acoustic shielding is employed, the ability of rotating beamforming to compensate for Doppler effects weakens.