bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
revision of Othiini XXII. A new species, a new synonymy, and additional records of Othius from Northwest Georgia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Authors: Assing Volker
Published: May 2022

A total of 373 specimens of Othius Stephens, 1829 was collected during three field trips to West Georgia conducted in June, July/August, and October 2021. The material is represented by eight species. One of them is described and illustrated: Othius egrisicus spec. nov. (Georgia: Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti), a representative of the O. crassus group. The following synonymy is proposed: Othius hebes Assing & Solodovnikov, 1998 = O. fastigatus Assing & Solodovnikov, 1998, syn. nov. Two species are recorded for the first time since their respective original descriptions. The distributions of several species endemic in Northwest Georgia are clarified and mapped. The Georgian Othius fauna is currently represented by 16 described species, eleven of them endemic, and the genus as whole currently includes 136 species and subspecies.

Taxonomic acts

Othius egrisicus spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CD95C9DB-D170-4435-AA1B-43DE3338D0BC
revision of Medon. XII. Two new species and a review of the fauna of Georgia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae)
Authors: Assing Volker
Published: May 2022

Two species of Medon Stephens, 1833 are described and illustrated: M. steggiae spec. nov. (Northwest Georgia: Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Abkhazia) of the M. fusculus group and M. bisinuatus spec. nov. (China: Zhejiang) of the M. profundus group. A revision of previously examined and recently collected material from Georgia revealed that the fauna of this country currently includes six species and that some of the previous records were based on misidentification. All the known records of the genus from Georgia are mapped.

Taxonomic acts

Medon steggiae spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B7CD2C8-3487-4873-B6B0-45533697760F Medon bisinuatus spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D2E686A-AF4B-45DB-AAEE-103EAB99C309
Bulk locality from the celestial amplitude
Authors: Chang Chi-Ming , Huang Yu-tin , Huang Zi-Xun , Li Wei
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we study the implications of bulk locality on the celestial amplitude. In the context of the four-point amplitude, the fact that the bulk S-matrix factorizes locally in poles of Mandelstam variables is reflected in the imaginary part of the celestial amplitude. In particular, on the real axis in the complex plane of the boost weight, the imaginary part of the celestial amplitude can be given as a positive expansion on the Poincaré partial waves, which are nothing but the projection of flat-space spinning polynomials onto the celestial sphere. Furthermore, we derive the celestial dispersion relation, which relates the imaginary part to the residue of the celestial amplitude for negative even integer boost weight. The latter is precisely the projection of low energy EFT coefficients onto the celestial sphere. We demonstrate these properties explicitly on the open and closed string celestial amplitudes. Finally, we give an explicit expansion of the Poincaré partial waves in terms of 2D conformal partial waves.
Türkiye’de Güreş Devesi Yetiştiriciliğinin Yapısal Analizi
Authors: YILMAZ İsa , ŞAHİN Onur , YILMAZ Orhan
Published: May 2022

Bu saha çalışması Anadolu’da güreş devesi yetiştiren 60 işletme sahibi ile yüz yüze anket çalışması şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre deve yetiştiricilerinin ortalama yaşları, deve sayısı, deve yetiştirme süresi ve deve güreşlerine katılma süresi sırasıyla 49.4±2.0 yıl, 2.5±0.6 baş/işletme, 18.9±1.9 yıl ve 14.2±1.1 kez/yıl olarak bulunmuştur. Bu işletmelerdeki toplam deve sayısı 147 baş’dır. İşletmelerde ortalama arazi varlığı ise 74.0±12.7 dekar olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada yetiştiricilerinin demografik özelliklerinden ikamet, yaş, işletme tipi ve yetiştirici örgütlerine üyelik özellikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmamasına karşın, medeni durum (p<0.05) ve eğitim düzeyleri arasında (p<0.01) anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Develerinin saldırganlıkları için yetiştiricilerin %5’i “evet” ve %95’i ise “hayır” cevabını vermişlerdir. Yetiştiriciler, develerin niçin saldırıda bulundukları konusunda ise, devenin huysuz karakterli oluşundan (%21.7), develere kötü davranılmasından (%76.7) ve develerin yabancı kişileri gördükleri zaman (%1.7) olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Yetiştiriciler deve güreşlerine katılma nedenlerini eğlence (%90.0), kültürel davranış (%6.7) ve kaynaşma (%3.3) olarak ifade etmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte yetiştiricilerin yaş gruplarına göre deve güreşlerine katılma nedenleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılığın olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Bu yanıtlardan Türkiye’de deve yetiştiriciliğinin develerden elde edilen ürünlerden (et, süt, deri, v.b.) ziyade; deve güreşleri için yapıldığı sonucuna varılabilir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’de deve türünün yaygınlaştırılması ve bu gen kaynaklarının korunması için deve güreşlerinin sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması önemlidir. Küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliğinin olası getireceği problemler nedeniyle insanların bazı temel ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında deve türü, diğer türlere göre daha önemli hale gelebilir.
Traditional Plants Used for Medicinal Purposes in Güroymak (Bitlis/Turkey) District
Authors: DEMİR Ümit , DEMİR İbrahim
Published: May 2022

This study, which was conducted between 2020 and 2021 to record the traditional medicinal plant usage culture of the inhabitants of Güroymak (Bitlis), was the first to be conducted in the district. Face-to-face interviews with individuals with advanced ethnobotanical knowledge were conducted in the villages (29) of the district, and the medicinal plants which were used were gathered and identified. The information gathered as a result of the interviews with 120 participants was recorded for this purpose. As a result of the study, it was observed that 60 taxa from 26 families were used to treat 30 different diseases. The most used medicinal plants were from the family “Asteraceae” (13 taxa), followed by “Lamiaceae” (8 taxa), “Rosaceae” (7 taxa) and “Polygonaceae (3 taxa)”. The usage value (UV) was calculated for each species. Malva neglecta, Rosa canina, Crataegus pseudoheterophylla, Crataegus monogyna, Juglans regia, Crataegus orientalis, Rumex scutatus, Celtis tournefortii, Alcea setosa, and Taraxacum kurdiciforme were the most commonly used taxa in the study area. Furthermore, diseases for which medicinal plants were used were classified using The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC), accepted by the WHO, and the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) values for each disease category were calculated. Diseases with high ICF values are digestive problems (27 taxa). This is followed by the respiratory and skin disease categories (11 taxa for each).
Ku Band Uygulamalar İçin Geniş Açı, Basit Dizayn Hibrit Metayüzey Polarizasyon Dönüştürücü
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Gökhan , TUTAR Fatih , BULUT Mustafa
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada mikrodalga Ku bandı uygulamaları için metayüzey bazlı yansıtıcı lineer ve dairesel polarizasyon dönüştürücü amaçlandı. Önerilen mikrodalga aygıt, elektrik alan şiddeti y yönünde polarize gelen dalgayı x yönünde yansıtarak lineerden lineere polarizasyon dönüşümü sağlamaktadır. Bu amaçla önerilen metayüzey polarizasyon dönüştürücü 12 GHz-18 GHz aralığında %90 polarizasyon dönüşümü oranı (PCR) performansı ile çalışmaktadır. Ayrıca önerilen dizayn 11.01-11.19 GHz aralığında ve 20.79-22.08 GHz aralığında sağ elli polarizasyon dönüşümü gerçekleştirmektedir. Önerilen dizayn kolay erişilebilir FR-4 malzemesi ile dizayn edilmiş olunup, metayüzey ve metal sonlandırma için metal olarak bakır seçilmiştir. Tasarlanan aygıtın eğik açı performansı 50 dereceye kadar %80 polarizasyon dönüşüm oranı performansı ile çalışmaktadır. Mikrodalga aygıtın fiziksel mekanizmasının anlaşılması için yüzey akım analizi güçlü rezonans bölgelerinde incelendi. Ayrıca fiziksel mekanizmasının daha iyi anlaşılması için eşdeğer devre yaklaşımı ile mikrodalga iletim hattı modeli gösterildi. Önerilen dizayn CST mikrodalga simülatörü ile dizayn edildi ve gerçek zamanlı uygulaması için geleneksel PCB teknikleri ile üretildi. Simulasyon sonuçlarının doğrulaması için üretilen aygıtın gerçek zamanlı ölçümleri serbest uzay ölçümleri kullanılarak deneysel olarak doğrulandı. Sonuçlar literatürde yer alan çalışmalarla kıyaslanıldı ve literatürde yer alan diğer Ku bandı polarizasyon dönüştürücülere kıyasla sadece lineer dönüşüm sağlamayıp aynı zamanda dairesel polarizasyon da sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca üretilen dizayn literatürde yer alan diğer Ku band uygulamalara kıyasla daha kolay erişilebilir materyal olan FR4 material ile dizayn edilmiştir.
Suda Çözünebilir Grafen/Boyar Madde Kompozitlerinin Spektroskopik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BATIR Gökhan Güven , ARIK Mustafa
Published: May 2022

Grafen, tek atom kalınlığındaki karbon nanomateryallerden biri olarak, üstün optik ve elektriksel özelliklerinden dolayı araştırmacılarda büyük ilgi uyandırmaktadır. Boyar maddeler medikal ve teknolojik uygulamalarda sıklıkla kullanılan optik malzemeler olup bu materyaller ile boyar maddeler kullanılarak elde edilen nanokompozitlerin optiksel ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu, optik sensörler, optoelektonik cihazlar gibi potansiyel uygulama alanları için büyük öneme sahiptir. Ksanten türevleri, geniş absorpsiyon ve floresans spektrumları, ışığa karşı dayanıklılıkları, in vivo çalışmalarda düşük toksisiteleri ve suda nispeten yüksek çözünürlük gibi birkaç karakteristik özelliklerinden dolayı nanokompozit eldesinde kullanılabilecek en iyi boyar maddeler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, modifiye edilmiş Hummers yöntemiyle sentezlenen grafenden indirgenmiş grafen oksit (rGO) eldesi gerçekleştirildi. rGO ve ksanten türevi boyar maddeler (Rodamin 101, Floresin ve Eosin Y) ile sulu ortamda yeni kompozitler sentezlendi. Bu kompozitlerin morfolojik ve optiksel özellikleri; X-ışını kırınımı (XRD), Raman spektroskopisi, Fourier dönüşümü kızıl ötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR), UV-görünür spektroskopisi ve durgun-hal floresans spektroskopisi ile aydınlatıldı. Elde edilen kompozitlerin optik ve morfolojik özelliklerine rGO ve boyar madde derişimlerinin etkisi incelenmiştir. Kompozitlerin absorpsiyon spektrumlarında rGO miktarına bağlı olarak çeşitli değişiklikler (batokromik ve hipsokromik kayma, hipoktomik etki gibi) gözlendi. Ayrıca, kompozitlerde rGO miktarı arttırıldığında boyar maddelerin floresans şiddetlerinin etkili bir şekilde sönümlendiği belirlendi.
Coupling research on spatio-temporal differentiation of water resources carrying capacity in mature mining cities
Authors: Zhao Shuhang , He Gang
Published: May 2022

Long-term unreasonable mining has seriously affected the water resources quality of mature mining cities, but mining development is an important economic pillar of those cities. The problems between sustainable development of mining cities and environmental protection of water resources need to be solved urgently. Based on the state-danger-immunity (SDI) conceptual framework, this paper constructs the evaluation system of water resources carrying capacity (WRCC), and calculates the temporal and spatial differentiation of WRCC of mature mining cities from 2013 to 2019 by combining the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method, catastrophe progression model and coupling degree model. The results show that: (1) except that the WRCC grade of Bozhou rose to overload, the WRCC grade of other cities remained unchanged. Huainan, Chuzhou and Xuancheng all showed a downward trend, Suzhou and Chizhou were relatively stable, and Bozhou showed an upward trend. (2) The WRCC of mature mining cities showed an oblique N-type fluctuation. The change range of water resources quality state was small, and the changes in water resources security danger and water resources risk immunity were completely opposite. (3) The coordinated development of mature mining cities as a whole with Chuzhou and Xuancheng has changed from primary imbalance to severe imbalance. Other cities have been in severe imbalance.
Epistemologias do Sul e a nova Geografia: por uma Geografia Popular no encontro entre Milton Santos e Boaventura de Sousa Santos
Authors: Cerqueira-Neto Sebastião P. G. de
Published: May 2022

Esta reflexão tem como escopo principal apresentar uma proposta que chamarei de Geografia Popular, que pode ser um caminho para contrapor e, porque não, estreitar ou desmanchar linhas abissais que fragmentam o território do Brasil a partir da sua divisão estadual que estabeleceuma hierarquia o Norte e Sul do país. Para propor essa reflexão sob o olhar de uma geografia popular partir da percepção pessoal que adquiri ao longo dos meus estudos sobre a fragmentaçãodo território nacional, através das “implosões” de alguns estados; busquei na geografia nova de Milton Santos uma outra maneira de interpretar uma geografia que se aproximasse da dinâmica social; e, por último estabeleci um diálogo com as Epistemologias do Sul, teorizada e difundida pelo sociólogo Boaventura de Sousa Santos, que privilegia as experiências dos saberes, das lutas sociais, culturais e ambientais para dar relevo para outros tipos de conhecimentos.
Música e Poder: para uma sociologia da ausência da música portuguesa no contexto europeu de António Pinho Vargas, 2011
Authors: Oliveira Medeiros Ana Judite
Published: May 2022

No livro Música e Poder, o músico e sociólogo português António Pinho Vargas(2011), centra-se essencialmente na análise do caráter subalterno da música portuguesa da tradição erudita no contexto europeu.
Genocídio na Democracia brasileira
Authors: Conceição Fernando
Published: May 2022

Aponta-se que um dos fenômenos mais preocupantes da atualidade da democracia no Brasil, e que pode ser estendido aos países da América Latina e do Caribe, é o alto índice de assassinatos, abalando pela criminalidade a vida dois cidadãos, que se sentem desprotegidos pelo Estado que se autodenomina democrático de Direito. O noticiário das chacinas já não provoca reações de indignação na sociedade, que vai se resignando a essa realidade. Discutem-se essas questões a partir de um ensaio e referentes clássicos multidisciplinarese estratégia de pesquisa, da revisão bibliográfica complementada pela analise de dados estatísticos do mapa da violência. Parte-se das hipóteses que os discursos hegemônicos que naturalizariam o status quo da violência nessassociedades pós-coloniais é reflexão que se impõe a partir do imaginário de senso comum acerca do perfil das vítimas em potencial dos homicídios e se os donos do poder, em obediência à tradição secular do Estado brasileiro – patrimonialista, cartorial e herdeiro de uma visão epistemológica fundada no racialismo – são cognitivamente incapacitados para agir na direção de superar o problema. Conclui-se que a população que mais morre são os pobres, negros (ou pretos) e prostitutas, e que isso não causa indignação, pois costuma-se propalar no Brasil, que essas são vítimas históricas preferenciais da violência em um país construído pela violência do escravismo colonial, de família patriarcal e conservadora, entretanto esse fenômeno do genocídio da juventude negra obstrui a qualidade da democracia no Brasil, sendo os estados de maior incidência a Bahia, seguido da Paraíba.
Ensaio crítico sobre o site Metacritic
Authors: Oliveira Roselia Cristina de
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho apresenta um ensaio crítico sobre o Site Metacritic ofertando uma análise de como o site se organiza, qual o seu objetivo e como a indústria midiática configura e manipula a informação.
Heróis em Tempo de Crise e a Crise dos Heróis
Authors: Monteiro Tiago
Published: May 2022

Este ensaio discute as assimetrias na relação entre a gestão dos valores de produção de uma obra audiovisual e as ambições estéticas de seus produtores e criadores, a partir da obtenção de resultados considerados fracassos críticos ou simplesmente tidos como “ruins” pelo senso comum. Tomando por objetos os filmes Superman IV – Em busca da paz (Sidney J. Furie, EUA, 1987) e A Princesa Xuxa e os Trapalhões (José Alvarenga Jr., Brasil, 1989), o ensaio adota o conceito de “crise” como referência-chave para enquadrar ambos os títulos, compartilhando a premissa do autor Jeffrey Sconce (1995) acerca da relevância sociocultural das obras não-canônicas e deslegitimadas.
Três Anúncios de um Movimento Avassalador
Authors: Marinho Clayton Rodrigo Fonseca
Published: May 2022

Os três textos que seguem abordam a ideia de que, mais do que trair o outro, trair a si mesmo, o seu próprio movimento pode resultar naquilo que comumente denominamos “mentira”. Aqui, por uma espécie de associação, aplicamos ao que chamamos de filmes “ruins”. O que seria um filme “ruim”? Um problema de conteúdo? Os “furos” na trama, a falta de empatia, a má atuação? Pensar um filme “ruim” de tal perspectiva significa apenas elaborar os problemas de um ponto de vista dos elementos que a integram, mas não do movimento fundamental, que é o próprio “pensamento” do filme, aquilo que ele aparentemente defende, funda ou pelo qual existe. De certa forma, significa isto: um filme que elabora sua própria verdade e não vive conforme o que estipula para si, trai-se no mais íntimo, poderia ser chamado de filme “ruim”. A seguir apresento três filmes cuja inverdade consigo mesmo sobrepujam qualquer elemento “exterior” à sua própria verdade. No entanto, como se vê no último deles, a que adota na linguagem pode levá-lo a trair sua posição, mas não por força do próprio filme, e sim por uma imposição exterior. Por tal ponto de vista, poderíamos pensar uma possibilidade de reconhecer o que faria um filme “ruim” para além do nosso “gosto”, mas não sem atravessar por ele.
Deus não está morto
Authors: Lopes Júnior Orivaldo Pimentel
Published: May 2022

Os três filmes da franquia “Deus não está morto” trazem a oportunidade de se discutir a presença pública da religião na sociedade contemporânea. Mas ao abordarem o tema por um viés religioso enfraquecem o argumento. A forma como a religião se apresenta nos filmes como pretensos produtos artísticos já é por si só uma denúncia das dificuldades a serem enfrentadas. O caráter apologético dos dois primeiros filmes traz um ar antiquado de debates não atualizados. O terceiro filme, sob outra direção supera alguns dos problemas dos dois primeiros e avança na possibilidade de uma autocrítica da religião no mundo moderno.
Poesias
Authors: Guedes Maia Zildenice Matias
Published: May 2022

A submissão trata-se de escritas para a edição Poiesis.
HNF1A-AS1: A Tumor-associated Long Non-coding RNA
Authors: Liu Yuling , Zhao Fangnan , Tan Fangshun , Tang Lu , Du Zhuoying , Mou Jie , Zhou Gang , Yuan Chengfu
Published: May 2022

Background:

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox A antisense RNA 1 (HNF1A-AS1) is a Long
non-coding RNA (LncRNA) that participates in the occurrence and development of lots of tumors and is supposed
to be a new biomarker. The text aims to illustrate the biological effect, specific mechanism and clinical
significance of HNF1A-AS1 in various tumors.

Methods:

Via consulting the literature, analyze and summarize the relationship between HNF1A-AS1 and all
kinds of tumors and the specific mechanism.

Results:

This is a review paper about the tumor-associated long non-coding RNA HNF1A-AS1. Many researches
show that LncRNA HNF1A-AS1 is related to the development of tumorous tumors. Its expression is
up-regulated in numerous tumors, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer,
osteosarcoma, lung cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, oesophageal
adenocarcinoma and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, HNF1A-AS1 is down-regulated in gastroenteropancreatic,
neuroendocrine neoplasms, oral squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, HNF1A-AS1 can
affect tumor proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis by targeting some microRNAs-miR-661 and
miR-124. HNF1A-AS1 can also influence the development of tumors by regulating EMT.

Conclusion:

These studies show that LncRNA-HNF1A-AS1 is closely related to the occurrence development
of numerous cancers. Through various molecular mechanisms to regulate tumor growth, HNF1A-AS1 can possibly
become the new biological biomarker and therapeutic target for many kinds of tumors.
Potential Indicators of Mitochondrial Structure and Function
Authors: He Xu-Dong , Zhang Fan , Huang Ying , Hao Jun-Jie , Zhang Mei , He Jin-Biao , Pu Xue-Mei , Li Yan-Juan , Zi Lei , Yu Jie , Yang Xing-Xin
Published: May 2022

Mitochondria regulate a range of important physiological and biochemical cellular processes including
apoptotic cell death, energy production, calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism. Given
their role as the ‘engines’ of cells, their dysfunction is associated with a variety of disease states. Exploring the
relationship between mitochondrial function and disease can reveal the mechanism(s) of drug activity and disease
pathology. In this review, we summarized the methods of evaluating the structure and function of mitochondria,
including the morphology, membrane fluidity, membrane potential, opening of the membrane permeability
transition pore, inner membrane permeabilization, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, oxidative stress,
energy metabolism-related enzymes, apoptotic pathway related proteins, calcium concentration, DNA copy
number, oxygen consumption, β-oxidation-related genes and proteins, cardiolipin content, and adenosine triphosphate
content. We believe that the information presented in this review will help explore the pathological
processes of mitochondria in the occurrence and development of diseases, as well as the activity and mechanism
of drugs, and the discovery of new drugs.
Alz-Disc: A Tool to Discriminate Disease-causing and Neutral Mutations in
Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Gromiha M. Michael , Kulandaisamy A. , Parvathy Dharshini S. Akila
Published: May 2022

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder
that affects the neuronal system and leads to memory loss. Many coding gene variants are associated
with this disease and it is important to characterize their annotations.

Method:

We collected the Alzheimer's disease-causing and neutral mutations from different databases.
For each mutation, we computed the different features from protein sequence. Further, these
features were used to build a Bayes network-based machine-learning algorithm to discriminate between
the disease-causing and neutral mutations in AD.

Results:

We have constructed a comprehensive dataset of 314 Alzheimer's disease-causing and 370
neutral mutations and explored their characteristic features such as conservation scores, positionspecific
scoring matrix (PSSM) profile, and the change in hydrophobicity, different amino acid residue
substitution matrices and neighboring residue information for identifying the disease-causing
mutations. Utilizing these features, we have developed a disease-specific tool named Alz-disc, for
discriminating the disease-causing and neutral mutations using sequence information alone. The
performance of the present method showed an accuracy of 89% for independent test set, which is
13% higher than available generic methods. This method is freely available as a web server at
https://web.iitm.ac.in/bioinfo2/alzdisc/.

Conclusions:

This study is useful to annotate the effect of new variants and develop mutation specific
drug design strategies for Alzheimer’s disease.
Targeting the Pathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease Through Nanovesicleaided Drug Delivery Approach
Authors: Roy Rubina , Bhattacharya Pallab , Borah Anupom
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Nanovesicle technology is making a huge contribution to the progress of treatment studies for various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is the leading neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe cognitive impairment. Despite the prevalence of several forms of anti-AD drugs, the accelerating pace of AD incidence cannot becurbed, and for rescue, nanovesicle technology has grabbed much attention.

Methodology:

Comprehensive literature search was carried out using relevant keywords and online database platforms. The main concepts that have been covered included a complex pathomechanism underlying increased acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, β-amyloid aggregation, and tau-hyperphosphorylation forming neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain, which are amongst the major hallmarks of AD pathology. Therapeutic recommendations exist in the form of AchE inhibitors, along with anti-amyloid and anti-tau therapeutics, which are being explored at a high pace. The degree of the therapeutic outcome, however, gets restricted by the pharmacological limitations. Susceptibility to peripheral metabolism and rapid elimination, inefficiency to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the target brain site are the factors that lower the biostability and bioavailability of anti-AD drugs. The nanovesicle technology has emerged as a route to preserve the therapeutic efficiency of the anti-AD drugs and promote AD treatment. The review hereby aims to summarize the developments made by the nanovesicle technology in aiding the delivery of synthetic and plant-based therapeutics targeting the molecular mechanism of AD pathology.

Conclusion:

Nanovesicles appear to efficiently aid in target-specific delivery of anti-AD therapeutics and nullify the drawbacks posed by free drugs, besides reducing the dosage requirement and the adversities associated. In addition, the nanovesicle technology also appears to uplift the therapeutic potential of several phyto-compounds with immense anti-AD properties. Furthermore, the review also sheds light on future perspectives to mend the gaps that prevail in the nanovesicle-mediated drug delivery in AD treatment strategies.
Medicinal Plants with Anti-dengue and Immunomodulatory Activity
Authors: David Pedroza-Escobar , Irais Castillo-Maldonado , Juan-Pablo Bandt-Pulido , Mónica Salas-Rojas , Ashutosh Sharma , Daniel Nuñez-Avellaneda , Dealmy Delgadillo-Guzmán , Rubén García-Garza , Sergio-Everardo Velázquez-Gauna , Agustina Ramirez-Moreno , María-Del-Carmen Vega-Menchaca , Alejandro-David Hernández-Herrera
Published: May 2022

Dengue fever is a disease with a high mortality rate around the world, which is an important issue for the health authorities of many countries. As a result of this, the search for new drugs that are effective to combat this disease has become necessary. Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times to treat a wide list of diseases, including dengue fever. In this minireview, 12 medicinal plants with known pharmacological properties are presented, which have been used in studies to evaluate their antiviral activity in vitro tests. Among the chemical agents involved in the antiviral response, found in the alcoholic extracts of these plants, are flavonoids, terpenes and alkaloids, which within the mechanism of action in blocking viral replication are considered entry inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, translation inhibitors and protease inhibitors. The present work shows whether these plants possess antiviral activity and the chemical compounds involved in this response.
Crocetin Suppresses Uterine Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced
Inflammation and Apoptosis through the Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway
Authors: Peng Shu , Wu Yong , Wang Ying
Published: May 2022

Background:

Uterine ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury often occurs during
many complex surgical procedures, such as uterus transplantation, cesarean, and
myomectomy, which may lead to the loss of uterine function and failure of the operation.
Crocetin (CRO), as one of the major active constituents from saffron extract, shows
protective effects against reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and apoptosis.
However, the role of CRO in protecting the uterus against I/R-induced injury has never
been investigated. This study aims to clarify the protective role of CRO against I/R injury
and the underlying mechanisms.

Materials and Methods:

Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups:
the control group, I/R group, 20 mg/kg CRO-treated I/R group, 40 mg/kg CRO-treated
I/R group, and 80 mg/kg CRO-treated I/R group. Rats were given daily gavages with
different doses of CRO or vehicle for five consecutive days. The rat uterine I/R model
was created by routine method with 1h ischemia and 3h reperfusion. The serum and
uterine tissues were collected, the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the mRNA and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β,
IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10, the protein levels of B-cell chronic
lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3,
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)-2, and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, were
measured. The histological changes were examined by HE staining. The number of
apoptotic cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results:

Uterine I/R significantly induced MDA level, suppressed SOD activity, upregulated
levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, down-regulated level of the antiinflammatory
cytokine, induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, activated the protein
expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1, and caused uterine damage. However, pre-administration
of CRO effectively reversed I/R-induced above changes and further enhanced Nrf-2/HO-
1 activation in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

Pre-administration of CRO effectively alleviates I/R-induced oxidative
stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and tissue injury probably through activating the Nrf-
2/HO-1 pathway, suggesting a protective role of CRO in I/R-induced uterus injury.
Ferroptosis Inhibitor Regulates the Disease Progression of
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus Mice Model Through Th1/Th2
Ratio
Authors: Yang Bo , Hou Shihao , Huang Shiqing , Li Hongwen , Li Yepeng
Published: May 2022

Background:

Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmunemediated
disease. So far, there is no relevant report on ferroptosis in SLE research, and
the role of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells in SLE is still unclear.

Methods:

This study employed SLE mice models with and without ferroptosis inhibitors
(Liproxstatin‑1) and normal control mice. Treated mice were analyzed with hematoxylin
and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical detection of glutathione peroxidase 4
(GPX4), malondialdehyde (MDA) detection, ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay) detection of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and flow cytometry detection of Th1 and Th2
ratio.

Results:

The results showed that compared with the normal group, the SLE group
exhibited significantly higher expression of anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid
(anti-dsDNA), MDA and Th1 cytokines, significantly lower expression of GPX4 and Th2
cytokines and increased Th1/Th2 ratio. Similarly, compared with the SLE group, the SLE
+ liproxstatin-1 group showed significantly low expression of anti-dsDNA, MDA and Th1
cytokines, significantly high expression of GPX4 and Th2 cytokines and reduced
Th1/Th2 ratio.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrate that ferroptosis may be involved in promoting
SLE development. Therefore, inhibiting ferroptosis may be a potential treatment for SLE.
Similarly, the Th1/Th2 ratio may have a role in promoting SLE development.
An Outlook Towards Nano-Sponges: A Unique Drug Delivery System and
its Application in Drug Delivery
Authors: Das Debasmita , Afnan Tamanna , Chhetri Pranal , Dutta Chakraborty Debarupa , Chakraborty Prithviraj
Published: May 2022

Nanosponges are colloidal and crosslinked nanocarriers consisting of a solid mesh-like network with nanocavities to encompass various types of substances like antineoplastic, proteins, peptides, volatile oil, DNA and then incorporated into topical medications that are mainly formulated like gels, creams, lotions, ointments, liquid and powders etc., for topical drug delivery system. In the polymeric construction of nanosponges, the release of enthalpy-rich water molecules accounts for high complexation efficiency for different molecular substances. The benefits of nanosponges involve the extended and controlled release of encapsulated particles with excellent competence and great stability. Nanosponges assume a significant part to new varieties of medicaments, beautifiers, farming, horticulture, high atomic weight containing proteins, innovative fire retardants, gas transporters, and water filters. Nanosponges are a novel technology that offers controlled and targeted drug delivery by different itineraries like oral, parenteral, and topical routes. Nanosponges are an effective transporter for biologically active ingredients; therefore, it is broadly employed in anti-cancer, antiviral, antiplatelet, antilipidemic therapy. This review article gives attention to the general introduction, merits and demerits, classification, characteristic features, nanosponges development procedures, numerous factors affected by nanosponge formulation, evaluation parameters, and applications in the medicinal industry.
Delocalized Lipophilic Cation Triphenyl Phosphonium: Promising Molecule
for Mitochondria Targeting
Authors: Pawar Abhishek , Korake Swati , Pawar Atmaram , Kamble Ravindra
Published: May 2022

The mitochondria are a dynamic powerhouse organelle that contributes greatly to cancer
therapy. Solving the current problems that occur mostly in chemotherapy and diagnosis of various
cancers targeting the Mitochondria is an implying approach. In this review, it is discussed how the
tethering of mitochondrial-targeting moieties to chemotherapeutics, fluorescent dyes and photothermal
molecules can enhance the anticancer effect. The most extensively used mitochondrial targeting
conjugate is Triphenyl phosphonium (TPP), which is a delocalized lipophilic cation that gets easily
accumulated via the endocytosis mechanism due to the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential of
the cancer cell. Credited for this characteristic, TPP has been extensively investigated in targeting
mitochondria and delivery of cancer theranostics. This mitochondrial targeting strategy attracted great
attention in cancer targeting nanotechnology. The TPP based nanoformulation have exhibited
amplified therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of various cancer. Thus, TPP is an ultimate carrier
with magnificent potential as a mitochondrial targeting agent.
Detection of Transdermal Drug Delivery Efficiency by Shock Wave
Authors: Xie Yu-Jie , Wu Sheng-Jian , Wang Jian-Xiong , Wei-Zhang  , Sun Fu-Hua , Hu Yue , Miyamoto Akira , Xu Fang-Yuan , Zhang Chi
Published: May 2022

Objective:

This study aimed to observe the drug distribution ex-vivo after transdermal drug
delivery (TDD) by Shock Wave (SW) and to explore the different effects of the two types of shock
waves.

Materials and Methods:

Nine female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:
(i) control group; (ii) RESW group (0.35mJ/mm2, 2 Hz, 400 pulse); (iii) FESW group (0.16mJ/mm2, 2
Hz, 400 pulse). Micro positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was used to
observe the distribution of [18]F-NaF. Furthermore, 12 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:
(i) control group; (ii) FESW group 1 (0.03mJ/mm2, 2 Hz, 400 pulse); (iii) FESW group 2 (0.16mJ/mm2,
2 Hz, 400 pulse); (iv) FESW group 3 (0.35mJ/mm2, 2 Hz, 400 pulse). High-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) tested diclofenac sodium and glucose percutaneously TDD by FESW. Statistical
significance was conducted by analysis of variance of repeated measurement.

Results:

The micro PET/CT observed FESW could penetrate [18]F-NaF through the skin, while RESW
could not. The second study found the higher the energy of the FESW, the more diclofenac sodium and
glucose penetration. Repeated measures analysis of variance found a within-subject effect (diclofenac
sodium, F = 4.77, p = 0.03), (glucose, F = 8.95, p = 0.006), significant differences between the control
group, FESW group 1, and FESW group 2 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The study found that FESW can penetrate [18]F-NaF, sugar and diclofenac sodium into the
rat body. FESW has a good indication of drug penetration, which provides new biological evidence for
route administration.
Electrospun Beads-on-the-String Nanoproducts: Preparation and Drug
Delivery Application
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhao Ping , Yang Yaoyao , Yu Deng-Guang
Published: May 2022

The nanoproducts prepared by electrospinning have a large specific surface area, adjustable
porosity, and controllable structure. Therefore, electrospinning has attracted an increasing attention in
the current drug delivery systems (CDDs). In general cognition, the morphology of electrospinning
nanoproducts should be homogeneous and stable to provide reproducible functions. Thus, numerous
studies have been conducted to overcome the generation of beads-on-the-string by optimizing experimental
conditions. This review introduces a specific electrospun nanoproduct, which is beads-on-thestring
nanofibers. The presence of beads in the beads-on-the-string nanofibers can effectively encapsulate
the model drug, which reduce the initial burst release of the drug and provide sustained release. At
the same time, the beads-on-the-string nanofibers with composite structures can modulate the release
properties of model drugs in CDDs. This review mainly summarizes the current research on the preparation
of beads-on-the-string nanofibers by electrospinning and the application of beads-on-the-string
nanofibers in the field of drug delivery. The future challenges and opportunities of beads-on-the-string
nanofibers are also anticipated.
Synthesis, Structure Confirmation of Deuterium-substituted Kynurenine
and the Conformation Analysis of Kynurenine in Daptomycin
Authors: Zhang Hanzhi , Qin Feng , Sun Ning , Zheng Mengmeng , Luo Wenyan , Qiu Ya , Liu Hao , Zhang Xiangmin
Published: May 2022

Background:

After the hydrolysis of daptomycin in deuterated hydrochloric acid, the
deuterium-substituted kynurenine was found, but the structure of deuterium-substituted kynurenine has not been reported.

Introduction:

The deuterium-substituted kynurenines were simply synthesized and confirmed
to be tri- and tetra-substituted products by high resolution mass spectrum and NMR. In further,
the deuterium-substituted kynurenines were used to determine the conformation of kynurenine
to be L-type in daptomycin through conformation analysis combined with derivation and high
performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLCQ/TOF-MS).

Methods:

In the present study, a simple synthesis method was developed for deuteriumsubstituted kynurenine, and its structure was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry and
NMR. L-kynurenine was mixed with the deuterated hydrochloric acid and heated at 110 o
C for 7
h. The hydrogen/deuterium exchange products of L-kynurenine were obtained through the hydrogen/deuterium exchange method. After the derivation of deuterium-substituted L-kynurenine by
Marfey’s reagent, the conformation of kynurenine in daptomycin was deduced by HPLC-Q/TOFMS.

Results:

The deuterium-substituted kynurenines were confirmed to be tri- and tetra-substituted
products by high resolution mass spectrum. Further, Hydrogen NMR spectrum indicated that the
deuterium-substitution positions were β-position on amino acid and 3’ and 5’ positions on the
benzene ring. Thus, the tri-deuterium-substituted product was L-[β, 3’, 5’-
2
H3] kynurenine-d3,
while the tetra-deuterium-substituted product was L-[β, β, 3’, 5’-
2
H4] kynurenine-d4. Furthermore, the deuterium-substituted kynurenines were used to determine the conformation of
kynurenine to be L-type in daptomycin through conformation analysis combined with derivation
and HPLC-Q/TOF-MS.

Conclusion:

The synthesis, structures, and application of tri- or tetra- deuterium-substituted
kynurenine were reported in this study.
Optimization of Therapy in Patients with Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidities: Key Points
Authors: Pisani Francesco , Rosa Pisani Laura , Barbieri Maria Antonietta , de Leon Jose , Spina Edoardo
Published: May 2022

Psychiatric disorder comorbidity in patients with epilepsy (PWE) is very frequent with a mean percentage prevalence of up to 50% and even higher. Such a high frequency suggests that epilepsy and psychiatric disorders might share common pathological pathways. Various aspects contribute to make the matter very complex from a therapeutic point of view. Some antiseizure medications (ASMs), namely valproic acid, carbamazepine and lamotrigine, have mood-stabilising effects and are routinely used for the treatment of bipolar disorder in patients who do not have epilepsy. Gabapentin and especially pregabalin exert anxiolytic effects. However, a number of ASMs, in particular levetiracetam, topiramate, and perampanel, may contribute to psychiatric disorders, including depression, aggressive behaviour and even psychosis. If these ASMs are prescribed, the patient should be monitored closely. A careful selection should be made also with psychotropic drugs. Although most of these can be safely used at therapeutic doses, bupropion, some tricyclic antidepressants, maprotiline, and clozapine may alter seizure threshold and facilitate epileptic seizures. Interactions between ASMs and psychotropic medication may make it difficult to predict individual response. Pharmacokinetic interactions can be assessed with drug monitoring and are consequently much better documented than pharmacodynamic interactions. Another aspect that needs a careful evaluation is patient adherence to treatment. Prevalence of non-adherence in PWE and psychiatric comorbidities is reported to reach values even higher than 70%. A careful evaluation of all these aspects contributes to optimize therapy with positive impact on seizure control, psychiatric wellbeing and quality of life.
Dietary Antioxidants and their Potential Role in Human Disease Management
Authors: Dhiman Neena K. , Saini Rashmi , Mehra Himaani , Goyal Tanisha
Published: May 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are usually destroyed by the antioxidant defence systems in our body. ROS in low concentrations may be beneficial or even indispensable for defence against microorganisms and in intracellular signaling, but its higher amounts can trigger negative chain reactions leading to various pathological conditions. A delicate balance between antioxidants and oxidants is maintained in healthy organisms and protection against the harmful effects of ROS is thus provided. The increase in ROS leading to oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Several non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities exist as a safeguard against ROS accumulation. Imbalance between the oxidative stress and the antioxidant defence systems causes irreversible changes in cellular components and the normal cell signaling mechanisms are disrupted. The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defences include catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin A, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (α-tocopherol), carotenes, flavonoids, etc. Several human pathologies have been known to be treated by the use of medicinal plants owing to their antioxidant properties. Dietary antioxidants such as vitamins, minerals, carotenes, and flavonoids, with their mechanisms of antioxidant defence are discussed in the review for the effective management of various human diseases.
Hydrogelated Virus Nanoparticles in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Girigoswami Agnishwar , Gowtham Pemula , Pallavi Pragya , Harini Karthick , Girigoswami Koyeli
Published: May 2022

Hydrogels are an integrated three-dimensional network of water-absorbing hydrophilic
polymers that can support tissue regeneration and release medication under controlled
conditions. Hydrogel-based structures physically resemble the extracellular matrix besides being
effective for biomedical applications and tissue engineering. Hydrogels must provide relevant
biological signals to control the cell behavior to become an ideal bioactive scaffold for tissue
regeneration. Incorporating virus nanoparticles (VNP) that can release essential peptides into the
hydrogels is a promising option to formulate a bioactive scaffold that can facilitate cell proliferation,
adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Over the recent period, virologists have discovered
many viruses that lead to a great understanding of the diversity of viruses in nature. Viruses
affecting the plants are called plant viruses, and they have a wide variety of shapes and sizes, yet
each species produces monodisperse nucleoprotein particles. Plant viruses are not capable of
infecting or reproducing in humans. Therefore, VNPs are engineered from plant viruses whose
genetically programmed structures can be manipulated at the gene level, bioconjugated, or encapsulated.
Plant VNPs can act as clinical diagnostic agents, immunomodulators, medicines,
nanoreactors, and biosensors by displaying protein molecules or epitopes, constructing inorganic
hybrid materials, or carrying molecular charges. The present review focuses on the plant virusmediated
nanoparticles encapsulated in bioactive hydrogels to provide an ideal platform for
tissue engineering.
Design, Optimization and Characterization of Combined Ethosomal
Transdermal Patch of Glimepiride and Duloxetine Drug Regimen for Diabetes
and Associated Neuropathic Pain Management
Authors: Aouta Eswar kumar , Patra Chinam Niranjan
Published: May 2022

Background:

Diabetic neuropathic pain is the most prevalent type of neuropathic pain and
a major consequence of diabetes. A wide range of medications, whether administered alone or in combination,
have been found to dramatically decrease neuropathic pain.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop the glimepiride (GLM) and duloxetine (DUL) ethosomal
transdermal drug delivery patches to prolong and improve the discharge of the drug regimen to treat
diabetics as well as neuropathic pain associated with it.

Methods:

Using the solvent casting method, DUL and GLM ethosomal dispersions were formulated
by a 32 factorial design. A total of nine formulations were developed considering ethanol (X1) and
phospholipid (X2) independent factors, and the formulation was optimized based on entrapment efficiency
(Y1) and particle size (Y2). Moreover, size, surface charge, and % entrapment efficiency were
characterized. The ethosomal formulations converted into patches were characterized by thickness,
folding endurance, in vitro penetrability, and ex vivo skin permeability.

Results:

The results of thickness, % moisture content, % moisture uptake, and folding endurance were
in an acceptable range for all formulations. Based on the in vitro penetrability and ex vivo skin permeability
profile, formulation F9 was considered optimized, extending the cumulative drug release of
more than 60 % up to 24hrs and skin permeability of more than 200 μg/cm2.

Conclusion:

The investigation showed that the medication increment transdermal fix of GLM and
DUL was a promising path for the therapeutic management of diabetes and diabetic neuropathic pain.