bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um olhar sobre as dificuldades e estratégias encontradas no desenvolvimento dos produtos educacionais durante o período de ensino remoto emergencial
Authors: Marcelino Valéria de Souza , Machado Cassiana Barreto Hygino
Published: November 2023

Neste artigo, abordaremos questões relativas ao desenvolvimento de cinco Produtos Educacionais (PE) durante o período de Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE), decorrentes de pesquisas orientadas pelas autoras deste artigo no âmbito de dois cursos de mestrados profissionais ofertados em um Instituto Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo é apresentar as dificuldades que permearam a implementação dos PE neste período, bem como as estratégias adotadas para superá-las. A análise se pautou na leitura dos PE e em partes das respectivas Dissertações. Mediante a Análise Textual Discursiva, percebemos que, a partir do ERE, surgiram novas possibilidades para: uso das tecnologias digitais em sala de aula, desenvolvimento de trabalhos em grupos, utilização de práticas experimentais e adoção de metodologias ativas de ensino. Destacamos que foi possível a promoção de reflexões sobre os problemas enfrentados pelos mestrandos levando-os à adoção de estratégias para superá-los, contribuindo para uma melhor prática docente.
Pesquisas sobre a mobilização de saberes docentes numa perspectiva de estudos de aula de Matemática
Authors: Gomes Francisco Leugênio , Silva-Forsberg Maria Clara , Melo Gilberto Francisco Alves
Published: November 2023

Neste artigo analisamos o estado da arte de pesquisas brasileiras sobre as práticas de Estudos de Aula (Lesson Study) desenvolvidas por professores de Matemática. O estudo reflete a perspectiva crítica, reflexiva e colaborativa de professores(as) que utilizam tarefas exploratório-investigativas como caminho de formação continuada e/ou desenvolvimento profissional. O corpus da pesquisa se constituiu de dados de fontes primárias buscadas no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e que foram registradas nos últimos dois quadriênios (2013 – 2020). Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura realizada numa abordagem qualitativa, concretizada na análise de conteúdo (AC). Assim, procuramos identificar a natureza técnica, teórica, metodológica e conclusiva de 10 teses e 15 dissertações, onde constatamos perspectivas teóricas sobre o professor reflexivo, as quais o concebem como agente que investiga sua prática, discute e reflete sobre ela e, ainda, promove sua formação continuada e/ou desenvolvimento profissional colaborando com seus pares.
The investigation with technology understood from the point of view of the Mathematics teacher for their practice
Authors: Batista Carolina Cordeiro , Paulo Rosa Monteiro
Published: November 2023

This article aims to explain how a technology investigation work is understood by a mathematics teacher willing to analyze the lived experience whitin this type of practice. Based on the lesson study perspective and a phenomenological view of knowledge constitution, within a group of teachers we discussed ways of working mathematics content with investigation tasks and the GeoGebra software. The teachers performed the tasks with their students and analyzed their lived experience. The discussions were recorded and transcribed, constituting data for a doctorate research conducted under a phenomenological qualitative approach. The results show that teachers understand that: students define research strategies and mobilize previous knowledge; technology favors the understanding of content and contributes to the expression of what is seen in the software; and the investigation carried out by the students subsidizes the reorganization of the teachers' actions.
Is the use of the Problem-Based Learning Model through Instagram effective? A Review
Authors: Widarti Hayuni Retno , Baharsyah Allykha , Rokhim Deni Ainur , Syafruddin Afis Baghiz
Published: November 2023

Chemistry is still considered a difficult subject for students due to a lack of motivation and understanding. Implementing a problem-based learning (PBL) model with the media of Instagram can help students expand their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. To this end, 20 empirical research articles from inside and outside Indonesia were examined using the bibliometric analysis method to find research gaps and novelties as a basis for future research. The review shows various difficulties faced by students in studying chemistry. Instagram-based chemistry learning can help the learning process to be fun, innovative, easy to understand and not boring. Applying the PBL model to learning can help students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The results of this analysis offer perspectives and innovations for teachers to deal with the problems faced by students, presenting innovations in learning, such as the use of Instagram and PBL models.
El Manejo del Bagazo de Naranja en la Zona Centro del Estado de Veracruz
Authors: Galindo-Segura Luis Alan , Pérez-Vázquez Arturo , Ramírez-Martínez Alejandra , López-Romero Gustavo , Gómez-Merino Fernando Carlos
Published: November 2023

El cultivo de naranja se produce principalmente en el estado de Veracruz. En los municipios de Martínez de la Torre y San Rafael operan dos de las tres empresas productoras de jugo de naranja más importantes de México. La generación de bagazo de naranja por parte de cada una de estas corporaciones oscila entre 112 500 — 187 500 toneladas por ciclo productivo. El manejo de grandes cantidades de bagazo de naranja es un problema económico y ambiental importante para esta zona de Veracruz. Las empresas productoras de jugo de la zona manejan el bagazo a través de tratamientos térmicos (deshidratación para alimentación animal y combustión para la generación de calor). No obstante, cuando la capacidad de manejo del bagazo se ve rebasada, las empresas optan por depositarlo en tiraderos a cielo abierto. Esto representa un riesgo de contaminación para el suelo, el agua y el aire debido a la putrefacción de la biomasa y la generación de lixiviados. El objetivo de este ensayo fue examinar las prácticas de manejo de bagazo de naranja empleadas por parte de las empresas productoras de jugo instaladas en la zona centro de Veracruz. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión de literatura aunado con una estancia de vinculación con una de estas empresas para recabar datos de primera mano. Todas las estrategias de manejo presentan ventajas y desventajas económico-ambientales. Teóricamente, la alternativa más sostenible es la producción y aprovechamiento de gas natural a partir de la digestión anaerobia del bagazo. No obstante, es recomendable realizar un análisis de ciclo de vida de las estrategias de manejo de bagazo con el propósito de determinar que alternativa es la más adecuada en función de la rentabilidad económica, mitigación del impacto ambiental y eficiencia energética.
Crecimiento y Eficiencia en el Uso de Nutrientes de Plantas de Pinus cooperi C. E. Blanco Producidas en Vivero con un Fertilizante de Liberación Controlada
Authors: Martínez-Nevárez Laura Elena , Prieto-Ruíz José Ángel , Sigala-Rodríguez José Ángel , García-Rodríguez José Leonardo , Martínez-Reyes Magdalena , Carrillo-Parra Artemio , Domínguez-Calleros Pedro Antonio
Published: November 2023

La fertilización es una de las actividades más importantes y costosas en la producción de plantas forestales en contenedor. La aplicación de fertilizantes de liberación controlada (FLC) permite disminuir costos, al ser incorporados en el sustrato en un sólo evento. Sin embargo, es necesario definir la dosis óptima con base a las necesidades nutricionales de cada especie. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de tres dosis de FLC en el crecimiento morfológico y en la eficiencia del uso de nitrógeno (EUN) en plantas de Pinus cooperi C. E. Blanco en vivero. Como fertilizante se utilizó Multicote 8® [18-6-12 de nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P) y potasio (K)] en tres dosis: 4, 6 y 8 g L-1 de sustrato. A las 49 semanas de cultivo se evaluó el diámetro en la base del tallo, la altura, el peso seco aéreo y de la raíz, y su relación. Se realizó un análisis foliar de N, P y K para determinar el estado nutricional de las plantas mediante análisis de vectores y EUN. Los tratamientos se analizaron bajo un diseño completamente al azar con análisis de varianzas (ANOVA) y pruebas de medias de Tukey. Los individuos fertilizados con dosis de 6 y 8 g L-1 tuvieron mejores atributos morfológicos. La relación de peso seco aéreo / peso seco radicular se mantuvo en los valores deseables en todos los tratamientos. El contenido de N, P y K fue superior con las dosis de 6 y 8 g L-1, aunque la EUN se incrementó a medida que la dosis de FLC fue menor. Los nomogramas de vectores indican que una dosis alta no tiene un efecto en el crecimiento, incluso puede existir toxicidad por fertilización excesiva. Se concluye que la dosis de 6 g L-1 de FLC favorece el crecimiento y nutrición de P. cooperi en vivero.
Covariables Ambientales que Definen los Principales Grupos de Suelo en México
Authors: Bonilla-Gaviño Cristina , Fernández-Reynoso Demetrio S. , Cajuste-Bontemp Lenom , Ramírez-Ayala Carlos
Published: November 2023

La variabilidad de los suelos depende de la interacción de covariables ambientales que intervienen en su formación. En México, se registran 25 grupos de suelo de los 32 que incluye la Base Referencial Mundial (BRM). Este estudio identifica el orden de importancia de 11 covariables ambientales, utilizando el modelo no paramétrico basado en un algoritmo de aprendizaje automático supervisado denominado random forest, el cual caracteriza 19 grupos de suelo que incluyen el 99.2% del territorio nacional. Las covariables que se incluyeron fueron, curvatura, densidad de drenaje, distancia al cauce más cercano, geología, índice de aridez, índice de humedad topográfica, índice de posición topográfica, índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI), radiación, rugosidad y temperatura. Los resultados mostraron un total de 100 árboles de clasificación, con una precisión global de 81.83% del modelo a través de random forest y un valor de Kappa de 0.80, expresado como muy bueno. La precisión de disminución promedio mostró que, las cinco covariables analizadas más importantes que clasifican los 19 grupos de suelo son, índice de posición topográfica, índice de aridez, curvatura, radiación y densidad de drenaje.
Düzlem çerçeve modelinin hasar tespit sonuçlarının belirsizlik ölçümü
Authors: YÜCEL Umut , DURMAZGEZER Erkan
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada, hasarın kolon ve kiriş uçlarında bölgesel rijitlik azalması olarak simüle edildiği, iki katlı, tek açıklıklı düzlem çerçeve modelinin duyarlık tabanlı sonlu elemanlar modeli güncellemesi yöntemiyle elde edilen hasar tespit sonuçlarının belirsizlik ölçümüne yer verilmiştir. Kullanılan hasar tespit yöntemi, hasarlı ve hasarsız durumlara ait modal parametreler arasındaki farkların iteratif bir şekilde küçültülmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Dinamik ölçümlerdeki gürültü varlığı, modal parametrelerin tahminini etkileyerek hasar tespit sonuçlarında belirsizliklere neden olmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçların güvenirliği, içerdikleri belirsizlik miktarının saptanması ile mümkündür. Sunulan çalışma kapsamında hasar tespit sonuçlarının belirsizlik ölçümü, hasarlı duruma ait modal parametreler üzerine farklı varyasyon katsayıları ile ilişkili gürültü verisi eklenmesi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Model güncelleme işlemi, hasarlı duruma ait gürültü verisi eklenmiş modal parametreler ile hasarsız durumun modal parametrelerinin kullanılması ve hasarsız durumu temsil eden sonlu elemanlar modelinin eleman rijitlik değerlerinin güncellenmesi ile yapılmıştır. Güncelleme öncesi ve sonrası belirlenen rijitlik değerleri kullanılarak elemanlara ait rijitlik azalmaları hesaplanmış, böylece hasarların yerleri ve miktarları tespit edilmiştir. Farklı gürültü koşullarına ait verilerin kullanılması ile elde edilen hasar sonuçlarının belirsizlik ölçümü varyans analizi, meta-modelleme ve hassasiyet analizi yöntemleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu şekilde, hasar tespit sonuçlarında önemli mertebede belirsizlik oluşturan etkenler belirlenmiştir.
A Case Study on Reducing Traffic Congestion–Proposals to Improve Current Conditions
Authors: Talib Iman , Nassrullah Zaid , Abduljaleel Lamia
Published: November 2023

Traffic congestion has been considered one of the most serious global issues confronting all nations in recent years. Basrah City’s highways in general, and particularly the highways surrounding and leading to the University of Basrah, the campus of Bab Azzubair, and the college complex, have experienced traffic congestion and higher delays. The focus of this study is to propose some solutions to mitigate traffic congestion and higher delays on these highways. Field traffic data and questionnaires where SPSS was used to analyse the collected data, and Highway Capacity Software (HCS 2010) was used to assess the level of service (LOS) on the highways. The results showed that the LOS reaches level F on Baghdad Street, while other streets range from level B to level C. Two proposals have been suggested to improve the LOS on Baghdad Street: (1) applying a park-and-ride system; and (2) widening Baghdad Street by adding two lanes in each direction. The LOS for both proposals has been evaluated, and the results showed that the first proposal performed better. The analysis of the collected data also showed that public transportation services are very limited on the highways surrounding and leading to the Bab Azzubair campus. Therefore, public transportation services should be promoted and enhanced in Basrah City. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-07 Full Text: PDF
Marketing strategies and technologies of Belarusian leading companies
Authors: Razumova S.
Published: November 2023

The article contains the results of marketing research of foreign and Belarusian companies regarding the use of various tools and technologies to achieve marketing goals and solve relevant problems. The main trends in marketing strategies and tactics, features of the distribution of budgets and efforts are described. The features of the approach of leading companies to marketing are highlighted, the importance of individual tools for promoting goods and services is noted.
Fluktuasi Harga dan Integrasi Pasar Cabai Merah Besar (Studi Kasus: Pasar Induk kramat Jati dan Pasar Eceran di DKI Jakarta)
Authors: Yuditya Azzahra , Hardjanto Arini , Sehabudin Ujang
Published: November 2023

Fluktuasi harga pangan merupakan fenomena yang menjadi perhatian yang serius yang dapat memengaruhi tingkat inflasi. Salah satu kelompok sayuran yang menyumbang inflasi adalah cabai merah besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola perkembangan harga cabai merah besar di PIKJ dan di lima pasar eceran di DKI Jakarta, faktor – faktor yang memengaruhi flukuasi harga cabai merah besar di PIKJ, peramalan harga cabai merah besar di PIKJ tahun 2023, dan integrasi pasar antara pasar grosir dengan pasar eceran di DKI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif, ARIMA, dan VECM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) pola perkembangan harga cabai merah besar di PIKJ dan di lima pasar eceran di DKI Jakarta memiliki pola yang berfluktuasi; 2) hasil peramalan harga cabai merah besar di PIKJ selama 8 bulan sebesar Rp29.858; 3) hasil integrasi pasar menunjukkan bahwa PIKJ memiliki keterkaitan jangka panjang antara Pasar Jatinegara, Pasar Minggu, dan Pasar Tanah Abang.
WHAT IS GEOCRITIC? AN ESSAY ON ROMANIAN NARRATIVE TYPOLOGY
Authors: BAKO Alina
Published: November 2023

Using a research tool such as geocriticism involves both the risk of reducing the way we relate to a literary text, but, on the other hand, it has an essential stake: along with the evolution of society, the conception of space was reflected in literature. With each major change of the crossed time stages, space has become a reliable witness in rendering the realities that have become narrative scenarios in the prose of writers, receptive to the social phenomenon. Our approach is built around the concept of geocriticism, but also its application to some Romanian novels published at a considerable temporal distance: from Slavici, to Camil Petrescu, G. Călinescu and Mircea Cărtărescu, each text becoming a sample of the demonstration of the functioning of the exposed method.
THEORISTS AND PRACTITIONERS AT PHANTASMA
Authors: Chiciudean Gabriela
Published: November 2023

The volume “Concepte si metode in cercetarea imaginarului. Invitații Phantasma” [Concepts and methods in the research of the imaginary. Phantasma Invitations] (Polirom 2021), coordinated by Corin Braga, complements the one published in 2007, „Concepte si metode in cercetarea imaginarului. Dezbaterile Phantasma” [Concepts and Methods in the Research of the Imaginary. The Phantasma Debates] (Braga coord., 2007) and continues two thematic areas structured in time, the cultural-artistic and social-political research of the imaginary. The present volume maintains the typical of the first meetings, real intellectual experiences in which Phantasma members participated in exciting and “enlightening” debates, which sought to overcome theoretical benchmarks and live the intellectual experience through an original approach to the supporting texts, all to confirm the validity academic research in the field.
REAL AND IMAGINARY NAMES IN ROMANIAN FAIRY TALES. ON NAMES ORIGINATING FROM PLANT APPELLATION
Authors: ILEA ROGOJINĂ Cristina-Ileana
Published: November 2023

The paper „Real and Imaginary names in the Romanian fantastic fairy tales. On names originating from plat appellation” proposes the exploration of the anthroponymy of the genre: on the one hand, from the perspective of the onomastic elements that belong to the extralinguistic reality, and on the other hand, from the perspective of the innovations proposed by popular creators regarding the denomination. As we know, literary name research is a complex undertaking in which the reasoning for the creator’s choice of names must be considered. Therefore, we must explore, examine, and treat the "real" names in fairy tales with the same care as the "imaginary" names, which are generally more enticing and attractive to both the reader/listener and the critic. In this paper, the "real" names are considered from a linguistic perspective, taking also into account their use in the textual source, while the types of "imaginary" name categories contained in the fairy-tale are illustrated in terms of denominator creativity. Our inquiry also discusses the names based on the plant appellation, attempting to show their significance in the fairy-tale structure.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Quantum Teaching Berbantuan Flashcard Terhadap Hasil Belajar Sosiologi Siswa
Authors: Mardianti Hidayatul , Sukardi Sukardi , Wadi Hairil
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terdapat tidaknya pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum teaching berbantuan flashcard terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Populasi dalam riset ini ialah siswa kelas XI IPS SMAN 1 Aikmel, yang sampelnya diambil secara random setelah penyepadanan kelas. Pendekatan yang digunakan ialah kuantitatif dengan tipe quasy experiment dengan rancangan posttest only with non equivalent control group design. Adapun pengumpulan informasi memakai uji berupa opsi ganda yang telah terpenuhi ketentuan pengujian instrumen. Analisis informasi memakai statistik deskriptif. Ada pula uji persyaratan informasi diuji cobakan dengan memakai uji normalitas serta uji homogenitas. Hasil riset ini menampilkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum teaching berbantuan flashcard terhadap hasil belajar dengan nilai signifikansi 0.000 <  0.05 (5%). Hal ini membuktikan  kelas eksperimen mempunyai nilai yang lebih besar dibandingkan kelas kontrol yang diukur dengan aspek kognitif C1, C2, C3, C4. Implikasi secara teoritis bahwa temuan ini mengkonfirmasi penguatan teori yang menjadi basis model pembelajaran quantum teaching khususnya pada teori konstruktivistik.
Pengaruh Permainan Bentengan Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak Klompok B di TK Islam Nurul Iman Sekarbela Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024
Authors: Nurdiana Nurdiana , Fahruddin Fahruddin , Rachmayani Ika , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh permainan bentengan terhadap perkembangan motorik kasar anak kelompok B DI TK Islam Nurul Iman Sekarbela Tahun Ajaran 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif eksperimen pre-experimental design dengan one grup prestest-posstest design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B di TK Islam Nurul Iman Sekarbela sejumlah 15 anak. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunkan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian hipotesis menunjukan bahwa nilai thitung 4,145 > ttabel 2,145 maka terdapat pengaruh permainan bentengan terhadap perkembangan motorik kasar anak kelompok B. Yang artinya terdapat pengaruh permainan bentengan terhadap perkembangan motorik kasar anak kelompok B DI TK Islam Nurul Iman Sekarbela Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Lembar Kerja Siswa dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar PAI Peserta Didik Kelas VIII di SMPN 2 Telukjambe Timur
Authors: Widianti Widianti , Nur Tajuddin , Permana Hinggil
Published: November 2023

Lembar Kerja Siswa digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber belajar mata pelajaran PAI di kelas VIII SMPN 2 Telukjambe Timur. Berdasarkan observasi pendahuluan yang peneliti lakukan ditemukan siswa yang kurang fokus dalam belajar, serta mengalami kesulitan dalam menjawab soal latihan yang ada di LKS karena soal latihan yang tidak sesuai dengan materi. Adanya Fenomena ini membuat peserta didik mengeluh pada saat proses belajar berlangsung karena mengalami kesulitan ketika menyelesaikan tugas yang ada pada lembar kerja siswa, hal tersebut dikhawatirkan akan mengurangi minat belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Agama Islam. Hal tersebut mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan lembar kerja siswa dalam meningkatkan minat belajar peserta didik kelas VIII di SMPN 2 Telukjambe Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif deskriptif. Dengan sumber data guru pendidikan agama islam, peserta didik kelas VIII, dan waka kurikulum SMPN 2 Telukjambe Timur. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, instrumen penelitian yang digunakan ialah pedoman wawancara. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan ialah tringulasi sumber, tringulasi teknik dan waktu. Dan menggunakan teknik analisis model Miles and Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penggunaan LKS pada pembelajaran PAI peserta didik kelas VIII di SMPN 2 Telukjambe Timur cukup efektif meningkatkan minta belajar PAI. Minat belajar siswa terhadap penggunaan LKS dalam pembelajaran PAI cukup baik hal ini diindikasikan dengan tercapainya indikator minat belajar Slameto. Penggunaan LKS dalam pembelajaran PAI efektif membantu proses pembelajaran karena materi dan tugas yang ada di LKS mudah dipahami oleh peserta didik.
Economic Factors in Agricultural Development.
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K.C RAMAKRISHNAN
Published: November 2023

Effects of Land Tenure and Taxation. Conditions of tenure and taxation of land play an important part in promoting or impeding agricultural improve- ment. For more than a century in Great Britain lendership in farming was in the hands of landlords who had enlarged and enclosed their estates by buying off the numerous strips of yeoman farmers, often with the profits made in trade and invested capital in long-term improvements like drainage works and farm buildings and did pioneer work in the cultivation of better crops and the breed. ing of pedigree stock. It is the success of these ventures that made Britain the pioneer of modern agriculture, as well as of large-scale manufactures. This period of prosperity Insted for over a century-from 1750 to 1870. After 1870, however. American competition killed cereal farming; there was a continuous fall in rents, while the cost of cultivation, particularly wages, increased. Arable. farming gave place to grass farming and stock-raising. Industries were more paying than agriculture. Industrial magnates bought land more for its amenities and social prestige than for its profits as a farm enterprise or for the love of agricultural research. Research indeed passed into the hands of several special- ists and it was beyond the capacity of any landlord to set himself up as a leader in science or technique, Continuous increase in income-tax and death duties led to the break-up of big estates and many old farmers became, in the first thirty years of this century, occupying owners with the help of the State. But a decade of falling prices has impoverished these owners too, who have little capital left to work their farms. Small holdings in certain specialised lines of agriculture like dairying, fruit culture and vegetables are still favoured, but for staple cereals Inrge scale mechanised farming with State ownership of land und control of cultivation is advocated.
Plant Breeding and Genetical Work in India
Authors:   Plant Breeding and Genectics India, K RAMIAH
Published: November 2023

The President of this section last year made a departure from the usual custom of confining the address to a branch of the subject he was most familiar with and gave instead an address on a general review of the progress of agri- culture. I shall, however, revert to the usual practice. Last year's address had a large portion of it devoted to the value and care of seed. It is probably in the fitness of things that my address deals with the problem of search for, and pro- duction of seed with inherent superior characteristics. I shall make a general survey of the plant breeding and genetical work in India and in doing so, refer largely to two crops, rice and cotton, with which I am most familiar. Scientific breeding with crop plants has become a powerful and indispensable tool for making agriculture more efficient and more flexible in meeting new demands and supplying the needs of men for food and raw material. "In the realm of living things with which agriculture deals, the work of the breeder is comparable to the work of the inventor in the realm of inanimate things with which industry deals, and his work pays in the same way that invention pays by replacing continuously the old by the new or making possible what was not possible before". The growing of improved types involves no additional expense to the cultivator and the work of breeding improved types has formed an impor tant plank in the activities of the agricultural departments right from the very beginning.
Nagari Oranges-Their past and present.
Authors:   Agricultural Demonstrator Puttur, A MUHAMMAD ALI
Published: November 2023

Nagoram and nagari orange, are other names for the sathugudi or the chinee orange. These names are derived from its original home-Karvetnagar town, popularly known as "Nagaram", the capital of the Karvetnagar zamindari. The famous Khasa (private) garden of the Rajah of Karvetnagar, was once reputed in the whole of the central districts, for the finest quality of chinee fruits it produced. All the trees, found in the original Karvetnagar zamindari, now comprising the revenue taluks of Tirutani and Puttur of the Chittoor district, are the descendants of those in the khasa garden. It is possible, that the chinee oranges found in the rest of the Chittoor district and the adjoining districts of Cuddapah and North Arcot, also claim their descent from the reputed original stock in the Khasa orchard. With the decline of the zamindari the khasa garden too gradually disappeared, and to-day not even a single chinee tree remains there to commemorate the origin, spread and history of the famous sathugudi orange of the Ceded districts. No record is also available to establish clearly, as to from where and how, this orange, first found its way to the Khasa garden. One theory has it, that, the fruit was first introduced into Palacole in N. Circars by the Dutch settlers and from there a few trees might have been introduced into Karvetnagar, by an enterprising zamindar..
A Short note on dry-land paddy in Udayarpalayam.
Authors:   Agricultural Demonstrator Ariyaiur, T.V AYYASWAMI IYER
Published: November 2023

The Udayarpalayam taluk of the Trichinopoly district is noted for the cultivation of dry (purely rain-fed) paddy. This occupies about 30,000 acres of red sandy soils. The average rainfall of the tract for the preced- Ing five years is 13'9 inches in the South-West Monsoon (June to September) and 23'4 inches in the North-East Monsoon (October to December). The important dry paddy varieties are (1) Perunel, (2) Kaivirai samba, (3) Kalian samba, (4) Kattaikar and (5) Motta kuruval, and all these varieties are in- variably sown broadcast. Taking advantage of the summer showers, the lands are ploughed 4 or 5 times, cattle manure at the rate of about 12 cart- loads per acre applied and the fields kept ready for sowing on the receipt of the first rain.
A Note on the Marketing of Cotton in the Regulated Cotton Markets of Berar and Bombay Presidency.
Authors:   Secretary The Adoni Cotton Market Committee, M JEEVAN RAO
Published: November 2023

In the following lines the marketing conditions in the regulated markets of Dhulia in Bombay Presidency, and Amraoti, Akola and Khamgaon in the Berar, are briefly summarised. Although the markets visited are but a few that are working in the Bombay Presidency and the Berar, they are the most important ones, and the conditions prevailing in these markets may be taken as representative.
Culture of Oranges at Kodur
Authors:   Fruit Specialist Kodur, Cuddapah, RAO MOHAN
Published: November 2023

In popular parlance the word orange designates both the tight jacket. or sweet oranges and the loose jacket or mandarines. The application of the name orange to both the sweet oranges and the loose jackets is very misleading and has been responsible for a lot of confusion with the fruit- nursery and growing industries. There is, however, some doubt whether our loose jacket orange is really a mandarine, as some authorities have put it to be identical with the famous Ponkan orange of China-Citrus poonensis, Tanaka, while the mandarine is botanically known as Citrus tangering, Tanaka or Citrus nobilis var. deliciosa, Swingle. There is no such doubt, however, about the nomenclature of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis, Osbeck) under which fall our Sathgudi, Batavian and Manilla oranges. For better precision and standardised nomenclature, it would be well if our sweet oranges only are designated under the orange group and the loose jackets are designated by a different name such as Santras as in Western and Central India, Coorg loose jackets or Kamalas.
The "Nendran" or Malabar Plantain.
Authors:   Agricultural Research Institute,Taliparamba, P NARAYANAN NAYAR
Published: November 2023

The Nendran is a type of plantain chiefly grown on the West Coast of the Presidency and abundantly in Malabar. Although sporadic efforts have been made to grow this crop in other parts of the Province, it has not been successful outside Malabar and parts of South Kanara. Probably the partiality of this crop for the porous well drained laterite soil and the heavy rainfall of the Coast is responsible for its coming up well only in these tracts.
A note on the melon cultivation at Sidhout.
Authors:   Agricultural Demonstrator Sidout, A RAGHAVAN
Published: November 2023

"Grow more fruit" and "eat more fruit" have become the slogan of the day. Fruit culture is becoming popular not only because of the increased money return it gives to the cultivator but because many have begun to realise the nutritive value of fruits. The old fallacy, that fruit is an article of luxury, is slowly giving ground. In this short note an attempt is made to give an idea of the cultivation of melona cheap, luscious and nutritious fruit which belongs to the family of cucurbitaceae. When we talk of melons, we are reminded of Sidhout, since Sidhout melons are reputed to be the best in S. India. We cen also reasonably suppose that melons were first raised in these parts, though this crop is now grown in many places.
Deforestation and Soil Erosion in Trinidad. DEFORESTATION AND SOIL EROSION IN THE FOOTHILLS OF THE NORTHERN RANGE CAUSED BY SHIFTING CULTIVATION
Authors:   Assitant Conservator of Forest, J.C Cater
Published: November 2023

The Foothills Region. A recent, and perhaps somewhat superßcial, survey has been carried out to determine the amount of deforestation that has taken place in the foothills of the Northern Range, since there is sufficient evidence of ero sion to give some cause for alarm. The aren surveyed has embraced all the land south of the main ridge of the Northern Range between Maraval on the west and Tacarigua on the east. It is true that there are erosion problems elsewhere in the Northern Range, but it was felt that the area indicated above presented by far the most difficult problems. There is extremely little fint land in the foothills region, about 75 per cent. of the aren is over 500 ft. above sea level and about 25 per cent, over 1,000 feet above sea level. Most of the slopes are very steep, some even precipitous, Roads are confined to the valley flats, but bridle tracks lead up from the roads to the ridges. The rainfall is somewhat variable, being about 70 to 80 inches per annum in the valleys and considerably more on the hilltops. South of the foot- hills the rainfall drops rapidly to 50 to 60 inches per annum. In normal years nearly all the rain falls during the last 7--8 months of the year, and on occasions the rain is extremely heavy. The period January to the beginning of May is usually marked by a drought, when the vegetation becomes tinder dry.
Some Ploughing Experiments
Authors:   Cotton Breeding Station Coimbatore, V RAMANATHA AYYAR , S SUNDARAM AYYAR ,   Cotton Breeding Station Coimbatore, N.C TIRUMALACHARI ,   Cotton Breeding Station Coimbatore
Published: November 2023

Every text book on agriculture emphasises the importance of prepara- tory cultivation for the raising of crops and every farmer will testify to the efficacy of the precultivation methods. In fact, the practice has become so time-worn and well established that any demand for proofs will be deemed as an outrage on truth. Yet it is true that an agronomist wishing to build up The science of cultivation will find little data to help him on while planning improvements. For example the black soil farmer in the Bellary district uses a grubber for the preparatory cultivation, while his neighbour in the Nandyal valley prefers to plough his fields every year with inversion ploughs. On the other hand, the ryot in Tinnevelly district cultivates his land, only with a country plough. Again, there are variations in the time of doing these operations. In the Ceded districts, all precultivations are mostly done soon after the harvesting of the crop in contrast to the practice in the Southern districts, of waiting for a soaking rain to start ploughing. There are no evidences to indicate whether these methods are followed because of the fact that the fore-fathers were in the habit of doing these and the sons should adopt them as a matter of tradition. Further it is not clearly known which operations are essential for crop production and what frequency in each will prove most remunerative. The lack of knowledge on many of the fundamental points precludes one from getting the maximum benefit from each cultivation operation, from substituting the non-paying one by a better method, and from omitting altogether the superfluities. It can be said that the existence of such lacunae stands in the way of the rapid spread of improvements of cultivation in India.
Cold Storage and Transport of Tropical Fruits.
Authors:   Tropical Agriculture, C.W Wardlaw
Published: November 2023

Steady and continued success in the important work of trans porting tropical fruits to overseas markets calls for information on very diverse subjects, beginning with biological aspects in the plantation and not censing until the exotic commodity is finally gratifying the palate of the consumer. I shall indicate those aspects of the problem which appear to be of greatest impor tance to the worker at the tropical end of, what is, in fact, a very considerable chain of operations. Of the large number of attractive fruits native to tropical and sub tropical regions, only a few have yet attained to commercial importance as export crops. Relative to citrus and bananas, all other tropical fruits though their production could be greatly extended, occupy a very minor place on temperate markets and for the most part are only retailed in small quantities and at high prices for the delectation of connoisseurs. In addition to the tropical fruits occasionally offered on temperate markets there still remains a very considerable number of exotic fruits whose overseas transport has not yet been attempted, or been taken beyond the preliminary experimental stages. For this seeming neglect many reasons can be advanced, including demand (which must first be created by an extensive advertising cam- paign), competition with other fruits, chiefly temperate, difficulties of consistent production shipping and cold storage facilities and the need for special picking. the high degree of wastage at present inseparable from the handling of these delicate commodities. With a few notable exceptions, in fact, the trans- port of tropical fruits is still in its infancy. With the improvement of transport facilities it may he anticipated that this situation will to some extent be modified and that an increased variety of properly ripened exotic fruits will regularly be offered on temperate markets. Accordingly, a wide and interesting field of scientific inquiry still awaits appropriate investigation.
Orchard Efficiency Analysis in Mangoes (Mangifera Indica Linn.) and Oranges (C. Sinensis Osbeck)
Authors:   Superintendent, Fruit Research Station Kodur, K.C NAIK
Published: November 2023

The Presidency of Madras is reputed to be one of the leading producing centres of mangoes and sweet oranges. According to the latest figures (2) the province claims an area of 244,945 acres under mangoes with a marketable production of 20,000,000 railway maunds of fresh fruits, of which 400,000 railway maunds are exported annually to other parts of India. Although the sweet oranges comprising mainly of two commercial varieties viz., the Sathgudi and Batavian account to-gether at present for a production of 195,000 railway maunds, about 65% of the orchards under these two varieties are yet young and have not reached the bearing stage.
Relative Efficiency of Roots and Tops of Plants iri Protecting the Soil from Erosion
Authors:   Dry Farming Station Hagari, C VIJAYARAGHAVAN , V PANDURANGA RAO ,   Dry Farming Station Hagari
Published: November 2023

Since a plant cover, either natural or grown, is the main single controllable factor in erosion, an exact understanding of its effects is very valuable. Attempts to ascertain the rate of erosion of soil protected by both tops and roots of cultivated plants as compared with similar soil free from vegetation, are meagre. An immediate application of this knowledge is found in crop-growing. In the black-cotton soil tract of the Deccan where erosion of soil has become a serious proposition, it is important to know the erosion resistance efficiency of the several crops and crop- mixtures, growing in this zone. In this tract only mungari crops experience rains during their growing period. After the sowing of hingari crops usually no further rains are received. These studies were made during the two seasons 1938-39 and 1939-40. As these pertain only to erosion, only crops which receive rain during their growth are included. Such of those hingari crops as figure in mungari mixtures only have been included in these experiments. In Sec- tion I a general survey of the relative efficiency of crops and crop-mixtures in protecting the soil from erosion is detailed. Section II deals with their relative efficiency at different stages of growth.
Soil Erosion and the Coffee Industry.
Authors:   Coffe Scientific Officer, Balehonnur, Mysore, W.W MAYNE
Published: November 2023

I make no apology for addressing you today on the ecological conditions of coffee cultivation in South India, as they afford several interesting points on the management of hill lands under condi tions of heavy rainfall; such areas, in fact, on which soil erosion is commonly seen in its most serious and spectacular form.
America's New Deal in Agriculture.
Authors:   Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Australia, J.K TAYLOR
Published: November 2023

In 1929, things began definitely to go amiss with the American farmer. Since the World War, 1914-18, agriculture has been existing in a state of fluctuating prosperity, trying to keep pace with the crazy finance of the industrial world in America, The policy of high tariffs, high prices, and heavy over-production, combined with a shrinking overseas market, brought the economic depression in its train, and the first man to feel the effects was the farmer. The first re- netion was to put into practice the idea that the way to pay bills was to produce more-producing more meant flogging the land or using more machinery for Iarge scale cheaper production. To pay for machinery, constant cropping was necessary, and that meant more goods to sell on an overfull market at low prices. When prices are low the grow more-sell more principle merely puts the farmer more hopelessly into debt. In addition the fertility of the soil decreased and erosion played havoc with the land It was brought out in 1932 that a farmer's income was only half that of 1914. This was due to the fact that while the farmer paid 9 per cent. more for the same goods, he sold his own produce for 43 per cent. less than in 1914. Continuance of this state was impossible, and before remedial measures were instituted there had been a serious decline in the prosperity of the farmer, often to subsistence levels, accompanied by a no less serious degeneration of the soil.
Role of Bran during the Germination of Rice.
Authors:   Assitant Cotton Breeding Station Coimbatore, S.V PARTHASARATHY
Published: November 2023

The rice grain during the resting stage shows very little of active enzymes. However, during the germination of seeds, the increase in enzymes is rapid. The seat of production of these enzymes, especially that of diastase, was investigated by scientists both by directly observing the histological changes in the cell contents during the germination of the seeds and also by examining the vitality possessed by different parts. Three parts of the seeds are essentially concerned in the production of enzymes during their germination viz. embryo, endosperm and aleurone layer. Evidences are strong to show that the epithelial layer of the scutellum secretes diastase; but the results of the previous investigators are contra- dictory with regard to the enzyme secreting capacity of the endosperm and the aleurone layer.
Precisely evaluation of temperature influence on artificial blood phantom properties made of polymers using ultrasound signals
Authors: Sayah Mohannad Adel , Oglat Ammar A , Matjafri M Z , Abukonna Ahmed , Alshipli Marwan
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The study aims to evaluate precisely influence of temperature on the acoustical and physical properties of blood mimicking fluid (BMF) phantom made of polymer material.

Materials & methods: Propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were fabricated to create artificial blood phantom. Acoustic (speed and attenuation) and physical properties (density and viscosity) of BMF were tested at specific temperatures of range 22 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C, 36 °C, and 37 °C using ultrasound signals.

Results: At center frequency of 5 MHz, pulse-echo allows to acoustical (speed and attenuation) and physical (density and viscosity) values to be linearly decreased with increasing of temperature. The difference in values of speed, attenuation, density, and viscosity was nuance (±0.01, ±0.001, ±0.005, and ±0.151), respectively.

Conclusions: Temperature test of range 22Co-37Co have nuance influence (±0.01, ±0.001, ±0.005, and ±0.151) on acoustical and physical properties when BMF phantom of special material of PG and PEG was used. This nuance influence may be taken in account in quality assurance of ultrasound imaging system.
Complete pachydermoperiostosis: A case report
Authors: Abdul Mubing Mohd Firdaus , Abdul Rahman Razlina , Badrin Salziyan , Ibrahim Hasni
Published: November 2023

Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP), also known as Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome or primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, is a very rare disease mainly characterized by pachyderma, finger clubbing, hyperhidrosis, and periostosis. We reported a case of a patient who suffered from gradual pain and enlargement of both hands and feet for 25 years despite receiving treatment from multiple clinics. He also experienced gradual abnormal changes in his face and scalp. Radiographic images of the lower limbs revealed the presence of subperiosteal bone growth and periosteal hypertrophy. The diagnosis of complete PDP was made late due to its rarity and the unfamiliarity of medical practitioners with the diagnosis. This case highlighted the need for medical practitioners to be aware of rare diseases so that patients may be diagnosed and treated earlier and thereby relieving their anxiety and improve their quality of life.
Modified Roux-Goldthwait procedure for habitual patellar dislocation in pediatric population
Authors: Gecheva Niya Atanasova , Kehayov Raycho Ivanov , Georgiev Hristo Dimitrov
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Patellar instability is one of the most common pathologies in children and adolescents. The objective of this study is to present the functional and diagnostic results after performing modified Roux-Goldthwait procedure for habitual patellar dislocation in pediatric population.

Materials & methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 17 patients, under the age of 18 years, from September 2007 to March 2023. For diagnostic results were evaluated congruence angle, sulcus angle and Caton-Deschamps index. Functional results were evaluated by modified Lysholm score and Cox grading system.

Results: Excellent and good results were reported for 82%, fair and poor results for 18%. No statistical significance was reported on the topic of congruence angle and sulcus angle.

Conclusions: Modified Roux-Goldthwait procedure for habitual patellar dislocation in pediatric population is safe and effective as it is entirely soft tissue operation that leaves the growth plate intact.