bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient formation of collaterals contributes to the restoration of the arterial tree during cardiac regeneration in neonatal mice
Authors: Sturny Rachel , Boulgakoff Lucie , Kelly Robert G , Miquerol Lucile
Published: December 2023

Revascularization of ischemic myocardium following cardiac damage is an important step in cardiac regeneration. However, the mechanism of arteriogenesis has not been well described during cardiac regeneration. Here we investigated coronary artery remodeling and collateral growth during cardiac regeneration. Neonatal MI was induced by ligature of the left descending artery (LAD) in postnatal day (P) 1 or P7 pups from theCx40-GFPmouse line and the arterial tree was reconstructed in 3D from images of cleared hearts collected at 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after infarction. We show a rapid remodeling of the left coronary arterial tree induced by neonatal MI and the formation of numerous collateral arteries, which are transient in regenerating hearts after MI at P1 and persistent in non-regenerating hearts after MI at P7. This difference is accompanied by restoration of a perfused or a non-perfused LAD following MI at P1 or P7 respectively. Interestingly, collaterals ameliorate cardiac perfusion and drive LAD repair, and lineage tracing analysis demonstrates that the restoration of the LAD occurs by remodeling of pre-existing arterial cells independently of whether they originate in large arteries or arterioles. These results demonstrate that the restoration of the LAD artery during cardiac regeneration occurs by pruning as the rapidly forming collaterals that support perfusion of the disconnected lower LAD subsequently disappear on restoration of a unique LAD. These results highlight a rapid phase of arterial remodeling that plays an important role in vascular repair during cardiac regeneration.

Highlights

Rapid remodeling of the arterial tree is induced by myocardial infarction.

The endocardial response to ischemia differs between regenerated and non-regenerated hearts following myocardial infarction at postnatal days 1 or 7.

Collateral growth is rapid and transient in regenerated hearts while delayed and persistent in non-regenerated hearts.

Collateral arteries ameliorate cardiac perfusion and drive LAD repair.

The restoration of the LAD occurs by remodeling of pre-existing arterial cells.
The Late Positive Event-Related Potential Component is Time-Locked to the Decision in Recognition Memory Tasks
Authors: Sun Jie , Osth Adam F. , Feuerriegel Daniel
Published: December 2023

Two event-related potential (ERP) components are commonly observed in recognition memory tasks: the Frontal Negativity (FN400) and the Late Positive Component (LPC). These components are widely interpreted as neural correlates of familiarity and recollection, respectively. However, the interpretation of LPC effects is complicated by inconsistent results regarding the timing of ERP amplitude differences. There are also mixed findings regarding how LPC amplitudes covary with decision confidence. Critically, LPC effects have almost always been measured using fixed time windows relative to memory probe stimulus onset, yet it has not been determined whether LPC effects are time-locked to the stimulus or the recognition memory decision. To investigate this, we analysed a large (n=l32) existing dataset recorded during recognition memory tasks with post-decisional confidence ratings. We used ERP deconvolution to disentangle contributions to LPC effects (defined as differences between hits and correct rejections) that were time-locked to either the stimulus or the vocal old/new response. We identified a left-lateralised parietal LPC effect that was time-locked to the vocal response rather than probe stimulus onset. We also isolated a response-locked, midline parietal ERP correlate of confidence that influenced measures of LPC amplitudes at left parietal electrodes. Our findings demonstrate that, contrary to widespread assumptions, the LPC effect is time-locked to the recognition memory decision and is best measured using response-locked ERPs. By extension, differences in response time distributions across conditions of interest may lead to substantial measurement biases when analysing stimulus-locked ERPs. Our findings highlight important confounding factors that further complicate the interpretation of existing stimulus-locked LPC effects as neural correlates of recollection. We recommend that future studies adopt our analytic approach to better isolate LPC effects and their sensitivity to manipulations in recognition memory tasks.
High-speed AFM reveals fluctuations and dimer splitting of the N-terminal domain of GluA2-γ2
Authors: Sumino Ayumi , Sumikama Takashi , Zhao Yimeng , Flechsig Holger , Umeda Kenichi , Kodera Noriyuki , Hattori Motoyuki , Shibata Mikihiro
Published: December 2023

AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) enable rapid excitatory synaptic transmission by localizing to the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic spines. AMPARs possess large extracellular N-terminal domains (NTDs), which participate in AMPAR clustering at synapses. Nevertheless, the dynamics of NTDs and the molecular mechanism governing their synaptic clustering remain elusive. Here, we employed high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to directly visualize the conformational dynamics of NTDs in the GluA2 subunit with TARP γ2 in lipid environments. HS-AFM videos of GluA2-γ2 in the resting and open states revealed fluctuations in NTD dimers. Conversely, in the desensitized state, the two NTD dimers adopted a separated conformation with less fluctuation. Notably, we visualized individual NTD dimers transitioning into monomers. Furthermore, this NTD-dimer splitting resulted in intersubunit exchange between NTD dimers and an increased number of binding sites with the synaptic protein neuronal pentraxin 1. Therefore, our findings illuminate the significance of NTD dynamics in the synaptic clustering of AMPARs.
Plant metabolites modulate animal social networks and lifespan
Authors: Singh Pragya , Brueggemann Leon , Janz Steven , Saidi Yasmina , Baruah Gaurav , Müller Caroline
Published: December 2023

Social interactions influence disease spread, information flow, and resource allocation across species, yet heterogeneity in social interaction frequency and its fitness consequences remain poorly understood. Additionally, animals can utilize plant metabolites for purposes beyond nutrition, but whether that shapes social networks is unclear. Here, we investigated how non-nutritive plant metabolites impact social interactions and the lifespan of the turnip sawfly,Athalia rosae. Adult sawflies acquire neo-clerodane diterpenoids (’clerodanoids’) from non-food plants, showing intraspecific variation in natural populations and laboratory-reared individuals. Clerodanoids can also be transferred between conspecifics, leading to increased agonistic social interactions. Network analysis indicated increased social interactions in sawfly groups where some or all individuals had prior access to clerodanoids. Social interaction frequency varied with clerodanoid status, with fitness costs including reduced lifespan resulting from increased interactions. Our findings highlight the role of intraspecific variation in the acquisition of non-nutritional plant metabolites in shaping social networks, with fitness implications on individual social niches.
Factors shaping spectators’ consumption patterns: controversial arisings from an international sport tourism event
Authors: Mascarenhas Margarida , Vieira Henrique , Martins Rute
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Sport events’ contribution to the destinations’ local economy implies in-depth knowledge of the economic benefits generated by non-resident spectators (NRS). Thus, this study aims to answer: What is the profile and shaping factors of the consumption patterns of the several types of NRS in international surf tourism events?

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 263 questionnaires applied to the NRS of an international surf event were collected and analysed. The identification of the NRS profile and the predictive factors of their total expenditure were performed through the correlation of factors and multiple linear regression, respectively.

Findings

Mostly, the event attracted generation Y NRS, with a high level of education and regular sport practice. The results showed differences among the NRS: the “casuals” included more women than men; the “extensioners” integrated the NRS whose surfing practice is higher; the “event visitors”/”time switchers” mostly integrated the domestic tourism flows; the “casuals” and “extensioners” spent the most at the destination, and those whose intention to recommend/revisit the destination, respectively, was higher; and the shaping factor that most influenced the increase in NRS expenditure was the overnight stay, added by older age, higher education level and foreign origin.

Originality/value

Regardless of the initial motivation that led to the trip to the destination, the results verified that the event’s attributes are capable of contributing to the recommendation/visitation of the destination. Consequently, the study of economic benefits (tangible and intangible) provided by sport events in destinations should be guided by an integrative analysis of NRS.
Analysing the relevance of value creation in the interconnection amongst entrepreneurship, marketing and innovation: a systematic literature review
Authors: Risitano Marcello , La Ragione Giuseppe , Turi Alessandra , Ferretti Marco
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to better understand the relevance of value creation in the interconnection amongst entrepreneurship, marketing and innovation by reviewing the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employed a systematic review methodology using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol to analyse the literature in depth. The articles were selected from the Scopus database and dated from 1987 to 2021. An initial total of 1,158 articles was successively narrowed down to a final list of 123 papers matching the selection criteria. Moreover, content analysis on the sample was performed to explore and analyse whether value creation directly or indirectly appears as a goal or antecedent amongst entrepreneurship, marketing and innovation.

Findings

The findings suggest that the literature does not clearly define the topic linkage, and with the authors' results, the authors provide a comprehensive mapping of the contributions to a theoretical framework that synthesises knowledge. Moreover, the authors highlight that the interconnection between marketing and entrepreneurship, i.e. entrepreneurial marketing, requires an innovative approach for satisfying customer needs and creating value. Co-occurrence analysis of the keywords also allowed to identify four clusters that were open to new research streams.

Originality/value

Entrepreneurship, marketing and innovation are recognised research topics in the business and management literature. However, prior research has not provided clear and comprehensive evidence about how these three research topics are linked to each other. This work analyses the hidden relationship amongst them.
Forensic mental health assessments of juvenile misdemeanor cases involving demoralization (status offenses) and delinquency
Authors: Rode Danuta , Kabzińska Joanna , Rode Magdalena , Habzda-Siwek Ewa , Boduszek Daniel
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The role of evidence-based psychological knowledge in cases of juvenile offending is essential to make appropriate decisions relating to youth who violate legal or social norms, as it carries implications for treatment, intervention and practice. Psychological expert opinions therefore need to meet high formal and methodological requirements while maintaining ethical standards. The purpose of this study is to investigate psychological expert opinions in cases of juvenile misbehavior reported to regional courts in Poland. Juvenile court proceedings concern cases of demoralization and/or delinquent offenses. Demoralization is a legal concept described in the Act of June 9, 2022 on juvenile support and resocialization. This concept was not defined; it was only described through examples of behaviors indicating demoralization. These include the following: violations of the principles of community life; evading compulsory education or schooling; use of alcohol, narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their precursors, substitutes or new psychoactive substances; and prostitution.

Design/methodology/approach

To reach these goals, court records of juvenile cases in six district courts (N = 253) were gathered and analyzed. A semistructured questionnaire was used to examine the cases in which psychologists were appointed and to analyze the procedures used by these experts for assessing adolescents and their families.

Findings

Findings revealed that family judges appoint psychologists both in cases of “demoralization” (i.e. status offenses) and in cases of juvenile delinquency. The opinions were delivered by psychologists who were mostly members of diagnostic teams. Results indicate that such opinions generally comply with the minimal standards recommended by the Ministry of Justice, yet a few problems were observed with the determination of levels of demoralization.

Originality/value

The limitations of diagnostic tools used by psychologists are discussed, and recommendations for future practice are provided.
HR analytics-as-practice: a systematic literature review
Authors: Espegren Yanina , Hugosson Mårten
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Human resource analytics (HRA) is an HR activity that companies and academics increasingly pay attention to. Existing literature conceptualises HRA mostly from an objectivist perspective, which limits understanding of actual HRA activities in the complex organisational environment. This paper therefore draws on the practice-based approach, using a novel framework to conceptualise HRA-as-practice.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a systematic literature review of 100 academic and practitioner-oriented publications to analyse existing HRA literature in relation to practice theory, using the “HRA-as-practice” frame.

Findings

The authors identify the main practices involved in HRA, by whom and how these practices are enacted, and reveal three topics in nomological network of HRA-as-practice: HRA technology, HRA outcomes and HRA hindrances and facilitators, which the authors suggest might actualize enactment of HRA practices.

Practical implications

The authors offer HR function and HR professionals a basic ground to evaluate HRA as a highly contextual activity that can potentially generate business value and increase HR impact when seen as a complex interaction between HRA practices, HRA practitioners and HRA praxis. The findings also help HR practitioners understand multiple factors that influence the practice of HRA.

Originality/value

This systematic review differs from the previous reviews in two ways. First, it analyses both academic and practitioner-oriented publications. Second, it provides a novel theoretical contribution by conceptualising HRA-as-practice and comprehensively compiling scattered topics and themes related to HRA.
Telework and job satisfaction in knowledge-intensive public organizations: a quali-quantitative analysis from an environmental protection agency in Italy
Authors: Giacomelli Giorgio , Annesi Nora , Barbieri Marta
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The study aims to examine the relationship between telework conditions and employees' job satisfaction (JS) within knowledge-intensive public organizations (KIPOs). Additionally, it aims to unfold the mediating role played by both organizational and job characteristics, namely supervisory support (SS) and job autonomy (JA).

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis adopts a simultaneous qualitative-quantitative design, starting with a preliminary inductive analysis of qualitative data, followed by a deductive quantitative analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM). The data were retrieved from a survey completed by some 700 employees of a regional environmental protection agency in Italy.

Findings

Findings show that the positive association between conditions for telework (CT) and JS is partially mediated by both SS and JA. Moreover, the results of the study suggest a sequential nature of such mediational patterns.

Originality/value

This research provides an empirical contribution to a relatively under-investigated area: the role of job characteristics in explaining the nexus between telework and JS. Furthermore, the study takes place within the context of a KIPO, adding particular significance to the emerging insights due to the distinct nature of the work conducted in such settings.
Citizens’ intention toward sustainable tourism through integrating protection motivation theory (PMT) and theory of interpersonal behavior (TIB)
Authors: Nguyen Van Hau , Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh , Nguyen Thi Thu Phuong , Nguyen Thi Viet Ha
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting citizens’ intentions toward sustainable tourism based on a research model integrating two theories: protection motivation theory (PMT) and theory of interpersonal behavior (TIB).

Design/methodology/approach

After in-depth interviews with ten people, the authors determined the official research model and builds a complete survey. With the random sampling method, data were collected from 628 Vietnamese respondents at some schools, enterprises and supermarkets. Using the PLS-SEM method, measurement and structural models were evaluated before testing the research hypotheses about the influence of factors on intention toward sustainable tourism.

Findings

This paper shows that all constructs of the integrated model PMT-TIB are related to intention toward sustainable tourism, and response efficacy is the most influential factor among the factors included in the research model. PMT-TIB integration model is proven to be superior to the original PMT and TIB models when studying factors affecting intention toward sustainable tourism.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of this paper is that the PMT-TIB integration model only mentions motivational and interpersonal factors that influence intention toward sustainable tourism.

Practical implications

The findings indicate that state management agencies and enterprises need to develop specific action programs about each harmful environmental pollution caused by unsustainable tourism, raising awareness about the possibility of environmental protection through sustainable tourism.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing theoretical framework by integrating PMT and TIB for the first time in explaining intention toward sustainable tourism. This paper gives implications for Vietnam in particular and developing countries in general in promoting sustainable tourism intentions toward sustainable development according to the government’s goals.
Finite element investigation on the post-fire behavior of reinforced composite NSC-HPC slabs
Authors: Zalhaf Nagat , Ghazy Mariam , Abdelatty Metwali , Zakaria Mohamed Hamed
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Even though it is widely used, reinforced concrete (RC) is susceptible to damage from various environmental factors. The hazard of a fire attack is particularly severe because it may cause the whole structure to collapse. Furthermore, repairing and strengthening existing structures with high-performance concrete (HPC) has become essential from both technical and financial points of view. In particular, studying the postfire behavior of HPC with normal strength concrete substrate requires experimental and numerical investigations. Accordingly, this study aims to numerically investigate the post-fire behavior of reinforced composite RC slabs.

Design/methodology/approach

Consequently, in this study, a numerical analysis was carried out to ascertain the flexural behavior of simply supported RC slabs strengthened with HPC and exposed to a particularly high temperature of 600°C for 2 h. This behavior was investigated and analyzed in the presence of a number of parameters, such as HPC types (fiber-reinforced, 0.5% steel, polypropylene fibers [PPF], hybrid fibers), strengthening side (tension or compression), strengthening layer thickness, slab thickness, boundary conditions, reinforcement ratio and yield strength of reinforcement.

Findings

The results showed that traction-separation and full-bond models can achieve accuracy compared with experimental results. Also, the fiber type significantly affects the postfire performance of RC slab strengthened with HPC, where the inclusion of hybrid fiber recorded the highest ultimate load. While adding PPF to HPC showed a rapid decrease in the load-deflection curve after reaching the ultimate load.

Originality/value

The proposed model accurately predicted the thermomechanical behavior of RC slabs strengthened with HPC after being exposed to the fire regarding load-deflection response, crack pattern and failure mode. Moreover, the considered independent parametric variables significantly affect the composite slabs’ behavior.
Mesocorticolimbic function in cocaine polydrug users: A multimodal study of drug cue reactivity and cognitive regulation
Authors: Scala Stephanie G. , Kang Min Su , Cox Sylvia M. L. , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Massarweh Gassan , Leyton Marco
Published: December 2023

Addictions are thought to be fostered by the emergence of poorly regulated mesocorticolimbic responses to drug‐related cues. The development and persistence of these responses might be promoted by altered glutamate transmission, including changes to type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5s). Unknown, however, is when these changes arise and whether the mGluR5 and mesocorticolimbic alterations are related. To investigate, non‐dependent cocaine polydrug users and cocaine‐naïve healthy controls underwent a positron emission tomography scan (15 cocaine users and 14 healthy controls) with [11C]ABP688, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan (15/group) while watching videos depicting activities with and without cocaine use. For some drug videos, participants were instructed to use a cognitive strategy to lower craving. Both groups exhibited drug cue‐induced mesocorticolimbic activations and these were larger in the cocaine polydrug users than healthy controls during the session's second half. During the cognitive regulation trials, the cocaine users' corticostriatal responses were reduced. [11C]ABP688 binding was unaltered in cocaine users, relative to healthy controls, but post hoc analyses found reductions in those with 75 or more lifetime cocaine use sessions. Finally, among cocaine users (n = 12), individual differences in prefrontal [11C]ABP688 binding were associated with midbrain and limbic region activations during the regulation trials. Together, these preliminary findings raise the possibility that (i) recreational polydrug cocaine users show biased brain processes towards cocaine‐related cues and (ii) repeated cocaine use can lower cortical mGluR5 levels, diminishing the ability to regulate drug cue responses. These alterations might promote susceptibility to addiction and identify early intervention targets.
Smoking, vaping and drinking: A qualitative analysis of Aotearoa New Zealand young adults who tried e‐cigarettes to stop smoking tobacco
Authors: Blank Mei‐Ling , Hoek Janet
Published: December 2023

Background and aim

Social practices such as smoking–drinking co‐use often go ‘hand‐in‐hand’, linked by the coordination of materials, skills and meanings. However, the experience of using e‐cigarettes while drinking among people who smoke (and drink) remains underexplored. We used social practice theory to show how smoking, vaping and drinking intersect and to explain how vaping created two new social practices among people who tried e‐cigarettes to stop smoking: ‘vaping–drinking’ co‐use and ‘smoking–vaping–drinking’ poly‐use.

Methods

We conducted five in‐depth interviews over 18–24 weeks during 2018–19, with each of nine Aotearoa New Zealand young adults aged 20–29 years. Participants smoked daily, did not regularly use e‐cigarettes at entry and wished to try vaping to stop smoking. We analysed participants’ reports of smoking or vaping while drinking using thematic analysis.

Results

Individual participants reported both co‐use and poly‐use occasions throughout the study. Vaping–drinking co‐use arose from practice ‘replacement’ processes, where vaping fully substituted smoking. Smoking–vaping–drinking poly‐use arose from ‘adjacency’ processes where vaping complemented smoking. Participants used both processes flexibly over time, which required new skills in material, temporal, pleasure and social coordination to try to recreate valued meanings of comfort, security and communality associated with well‐established smoking–drinking practices. Unsuccessful coordination attempts maintained smoking–drinking co‐use.

Conclusion

Among Aotearoa New Zealand young adult smokers who want to use vaping to stop smoking, drinking occasions may help to maintain existing smoking–drinking practices and facilitate the development of vaping–drinking co‐use and smoking–vaping–drinking poly‐use practices, potentially prolonging individuals’ exposure to smoking.
Routine use of cell salvage during cesarean section: A practice evaluation
Authors: Leeson Charlotte , Jones Molly , Odendaal Joshua , Choksey Falguni , Quenby Siobhan
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Intraoperative cell salvage is a well‐documented alternative to donor blood transfusion given the scarcity of donor blood pools and the incumbent risk of allogenic blood transfusion. Its use in obstetrics has been limited by concern over fetal alloimmunization due to the risk of fetomaternal hemorrhage. However, there are a paucity of studies reporting on outcome. The aim of this study was to report on a four‐year experience of routine use of intraoperative cell salvage and the impact on subsequent pregnancy outcomes.

Material and methods

This was a tertiary center retrospective service evaluation cohort study and included all women undergoing cesarean section between December 2014 and November 2018 in a tertiary obstetric unit, identifying women who had reinfusion of intraoperative cell salvage. Data regarding index pregnancy as well as subsequent pregnancies at the hospital were extracted from hospital electronic records. Subsequent pregnancy outcome and maternal antibody status in that pregnancy were collected up until November 2022.

Results

During the study period, 6656 cesarean sections were performed, with 436 (6.6%) receiving reinfusion of salvaged blood. The mean volume of reinfused blood was 396 mL. A total of 49 (0.7%) women received donor blood transfusion. Of those who received reinfusion of salvaged blood, 79 (18.1%) women had subsequent pregnancies over the eight‐year follow‐up period. There was one case (0.23%) of fetal cell alloimmunization demonstrated by the presence of anti‐D antibodies on the subsequent pregnancy booking bloods.

Conclusions

Routine intraoperative cell salvage may be used to reduce the need for blood transfusion during cesarean section. The risk of fetal cell alloimmunization in a future pregnancy following reinfusion of intraoperative cell salvage is one in 436. Given an apparent small risk of fetal cell alloimmunization, further work is required to establish the safety profile of intraoperative cell salvage in pregnancy.
Comparison of plant extract‐derived nano‐zinc particles with different zinc sources and effects of different Zn sources on egg yield and quality traits
Authors: Ülger İsmail , Mahmood Saif Shakir
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to compare the zinc (Zn) nanoparticles obtained from plant extracts with different zinc sources and to reveal the effects of different Zn sources on growth performance, egg quality traits and blood serum parameters of laying quail. Treatment groups as follows: control and 3 and 6 mg/kg inorganic, organic, and plant extract‐derived nano‐Zn particles to quail diet supplementation. Animals were fed on experimental diets for 6 weeks. Different Zn sources supplemented into quail diets did not significantly affect live weights (P > 0.05). On the other hand, different Zn sources increased egg yields (P < 0.05). Plant extract‐derived nano‐Zn supplementations into quail diets increased feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and egg weights (P < 0.05). However, 6 mg/kg plant extract‐derived nano‐Zn supplementations reduced egg weights. Different Zn sources did not have any significant effects on egg yolk weight (g) and egg yolk color L*b* values (P > 0.05). For blood serum parameters, 6 mg/kg plant extract‐derived nano‐Zn supplementations increased blood serum AST, ALT, and Zn values (P < 0.05). No adverse effect was observed on the measured values in laying Japanese quails. The findings suggest that plant extract‐derived nano‐Zn particles could reliably be used in quail feeding.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disorders: An overview
Authors: Misu Tatsuro , Matsumoto Yuki , Kaneko Kimihiko , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Takai Yoshiki , Ono Hirohiko , Namatame Chihiro , Nishiyama Shuhei , Fujimori Juichi , Kuroda Hiroshi , Nakashima Ichiro , Fujihara Kazuo , Aoki Masashi
Published: December 2023

In recent years, there is growing evidence of associations between antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and several phenotypes of acute inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), optic neuritis, brainstem, and cerebral cortical encephalitis, called MOG antibody associated disorders (MOGAD). Monophasic course is known in about half of cases especially in pediatric onset ADEM and optic neuritis, mainly in cases with transient positivity of MOG antibody. Pathological features of MOGAD are considered as acute demyelinating lesions with CD4 dominant cell infiltrations, the deposition of humoral immunity, perivascular inflammation and perivenous demyelination, which is distinct from multiple sclerosis. Now the diagnosis of MOGAD is based on the international panel criteria of MOGAD launched in 2023, which the diagnostic frameworks are three parts, including MOGAD‐specific clinical features, MOG antibody positivity, and the exclusion of other diseases. The prognosis of MOGAD patients is considered relatively mild, but the problem is refractory relapsing cases. For its prevention, there are no approved drugs, but oral tapering corticosteroids, immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and mycophenolic mofetil, rituximab, and the maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin are recommended, and now there are a few clinical trials of promising biological drugs already approved in other neurological disorders.
Effect of microstructure and local stress on small crack initiation and propagation paths in coarse‐grained FeCrAl alloys
Authors: Zhan Min , Liu Chang , Dai Yajun , Wang Xiangyu , Chen Yao , Liu Yongjie , Wang Chong , Li Lang , Wang Qingyuan , He Chao
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the high cycle fatigue crack initiation and propagation behaviors in coarse‐grained FeCrAl alloys, with a focus on the relationship between the path of small cracks and the local microstructure. The results show that the small cracks initiate along the {100} slip plane due to the synthetical influence of local microstructure and shear stress. The initiation zone forms inclined areas with layered fine‐grain areas caused by cyclic shear stress. Quantitative analysis of the stress intensity factor (SIF) indicates that in the realm of mixed‐mode loading, the SIF of Mode I takes the lead in determining the intensity of stress and strain fields at the crack tip. As the crack propagates further, the SIF steadily increases. Once it reaches a specific threshold, the propagation mode within a coarse grain shifts from Mode II to Mode I. Moreover, fatigue life increases with a tendency for decreased SIF during crack deflection.
Fatigue strength evaluation of case‐hardened components combining heat‐treatment simulation and probabilistic approaches
Authors: Iss Valérian , Meis Jean‐André , Rajaei Ali , Hallstedt Bengt , Broeckmann Christoph
Published: December 2023

In order to raise the hardness and strength of the surface layer of mechanical components and induce favorable residual compressive stresses, case‐hardening procedures have become established in the heat treatment of steel. In this work, a calculation concept for the fatigue strength of components that have been case‐hardened through carburizing heat treatment is being developed. The residual stress and the load stresses in complex‐shaped, carburized materials are determined using a finite element (FE) model. The fatigue limit of the components is derived using probabilistic methods and taking into account hardness gradients, residual stresses, and non‐metallic inclusions. The model is validated with available axial bending fatigue test data and then used to predict the rotating bending fatigue limit of samples with various geometries and heat‐treatment conditions. This work demonstrates the capability of combining probabilistic and FE‐based modeling to represent complex interactions between variables that affect the fatigue of heat‐treated components, such as steel cleanliness, notch shape, case‐hardening depth, or loading conditions.
Pollution matters: The political cost of information disclosure
Authors: Chen Xing , Shen Xiaoxiao , Zhuge Andong
Published: December 2023

This study firstly examines the causal effect of environmental information disclosure on political trust and then provides a novel psychological mechanism through which the effect occurred. Exploiting the staggered rolled‐out implementation of a national program in China that provides real‐time air‐pollution information to the public, we find that air pollution adversely moderates the positive effect of information disclosure on political trust. Notably and surprisingly, this “adverse moderation” is concentrated in less polluted areas, where the lack of visible smog led citizens to remain unaware of the actual pollution levels until information is disclosed. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the adverse moderation is more pronounced among urban residents using Internet, an important source for pollution information. Furthermore, we establish that the causal effect operates through the channels of citizens' mental well‐being, demonstrated by a large and statistically significant increase in the risk of mild depression due to heightened concern over pollution.
Validity and reliability of artificial intelligence chatbots as public sources of information on endodontics
Authors: Mohammad‐Rahimi Hossein , Ourang Seyed AmirHossein , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Dianat Omid , Dummer Paul Michael Howell , Nosrat Ali
Published: December 2023

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the validity and reliability of responses provided by GPT‐3.5, Google Bard, and Bing to frequently asked questions (FAQs) in the field of endodontics.

Methodology

FAQs were formulated by expert endodontists (n = 10) and collected through GPT‐3.5 queries (n = 10), with every question posed to each chatbot three times. Responses (N = 180) were independently evaluated by two board‐certified endodontists using a modified Global Quality Score (GQS) on a 5‐point Likert scale (5: strongly agree; 4: agree; 3: neutral; 2: disagree; 1: strongly disagree). Disagreements on scoring were resolved through evidence‐based discussions. The validity of responses was analysed by categorizing scores into valid or invalid at two thresholds: The low threshold was set at score ≥4 for all three responses whilst the high threshold was set at score 5 for all three responses. Fisher's exact test was conducted to compare the validity of responses between chatbots. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess the reliability by assessing the consistency of repeated responses for each chatbot.

Results

All three chatbots provided answers to all questions. Using the low‐threshold validity test (GPT‐3.5: 95%; Google Bard: 85%; Bing: 75%), there was no significant difference between the platforms (p > .05). When using the high‐threshold validity test, the chatbot scores were substantially lower (GPT‐3.5: 60%; Google Bard: 15%; Bing: 15%). The validity of GPT‐3.5 responses was significantly higher than Google Bard and Bing (p = .008). All three chatbots achieved an acceptable level of reliability (Cronbach's alpha >0.7).

Conclusions

GPT‐3.5 provided more credible information on topics related to endodontics compared to Google Bard and Bing.
Extraction of flavonoids from durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit rinds and evaluation of their antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer properties
Authors: Tran Hoai Khang , Nguyen Ngoc Phuong Nghi , Nguyen Thuy Thuy Trang , Nguyen Kim Ngan , Do Bao Duy , Nguyen Thi Van An , Tran Anh Kiet , Nguyen Thi Kim Chi , Ho Quang Tien , Truong Dieu‐Hien , Barrow Colin J. , Nguyen Hoang Chinh
Published: December 2023

Durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit rinds are a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals, but they are currently wasted. This study optimised extraction conditions for flavonoids from durian fruit rinds and evaluated the biological activities of the flavonoid‐rich extracts. The highest flavonoid content of 82.17 mg QE g−1 extract was achieved when performing the extraction at 60 °C using 75% ethanol and maceration time of 24 h. The crude ethanolic extract was then fractionated using liquid–liquid extraction to obtain three fractions (CHF, EAF and AQF). Among them, CHF demonstrated the highest amount of flavonoids (271.11 mg QE g−1 extract) and quercetin (1006.19 μg g−1 extract). This fraction also exhibited the highest ferric reducing power (IC50 of 307.88 μg vitamin C g−1), DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 of 38.72 μg mL−1), α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 of 685.76 μg mL−1 and 441.10 μg mL−1, respectively) and cytotoxicity against HepG‐2 and MCF‐7 cells with IC50 values of 490.30 μg mL−1 and 343.38 μg mL−1 respectively. The current work suggested that durian fruit rinds are a potential source of flavonoids and the CHF could be further used for pharmaceutical applications.
Elucidating photoluminescent properties of Eu‐doped Ca–Al–Si–O(–N) glasses and the local structures of Eu ions
Authors: Segawa Hiroyo , Wójcik Natalia A. , Takahashi Kohsei , Takeda Takashi , Ali Sharafat
Published: December 2023

Europium (Eu) ion–doped luminescent materials have attracted considerable attention for their numerous optical applications. Eu‐doped Ca–Al–Si–O(–N) glasses were synthesized from a mixture of oxynitride glasses and Eu2O3 powder using a standard melt‐quenching technique in a radiofrequency furnace. The source Eu trivalent ions primarily changed to Eu2+ during melting, and the ratio of Eu2+ ions increased with an increase in Eu content in the starting mixture. All the prepared glasses exhibited photoluminescence (PL) owing to the 5d–4f transition of Eu2+ ions. The absorption edge and PL wavelength shifted to longer wavelength with an increase in Eu content. Moreover, oxynitride glasses exhibited a longer wavelength than those of oxide glasses. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) increased with the increase in Eu content until it reached a maximum. X‐ray absorption structure and electron spin resonance spectroscopies were used to determine the local structure of Eu ions, which confirmed that changes in the local structure of Eu ions were responsible for the shift in PL peak and the change in IQE. The development of the Eu‐doped Ca–Al–Si–O–N glasses is highly inspiring for transparent phosphors.
Examination of gender‐based video game‐playing classes: Influencing determinants and relations to academic achievement
Authors: BAŞARAN Bülent , ŞİMŞEK Ömer
Published: December 2023

Background

Their ubiquity is particularly notable as video games become increasingly intertwined with the technological revolution. Despite this prominence, gender disparities in adolescent video gaming remain under‐explored.

Objectives

This research aims to determine the frequency classes of video game playing based on gender, analyse the variables (age of first digital device/internet use, weekday/weekend internet frequency in and out of school, economic, social, and cultural status) that might influence assignment to these classes, and reveal the differences in PISA scores among these classes.

Methods

Our study utilises multiple group latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression to investigate the video gaming frequencies of 6890 Turkish students (49.1% female, 50.9% male) from the PISA‐2018 exam. A three‐step multiple logistic regression was employed to identify the effect of the variables on assignment probabilities. Also, the multivariate Delta method tested mean differences between classes for PISA scores.

Results and Conclusions

This study classifies Turkish students from PISA 2018 into four video gaming preference frequency classes (frequent, regular, casual, and non‐video game players) based on gender. Our study reveals that frequent male gamers begin using digital devices and the internet earlier than their female counterparts, spending more time gaming outside school. Notably, the frequency of video game play, which varies by gender, was found to have a significant effect on academic achievement.
Environmentally adaptive reshaping of plant photomorphogenesis by karrikin and strigolactone signaling
Authors: Park Young‐Joon , Nam Bo Eun , Park Chung‐Mo
Published: December 2023

Coordinated morphogenic adaptation of growing plants is critical for their survival and propagation under fluctuating environments. Plant morphogenic responses to light and warm temperatures, termed photomorphogenesis and thermomorphogenesis, respectively, have been extensively studied in recent decades. During photomorphogenesis, plants actively reshape their growth and developmental patterns to cope with changes in light regimes. Accordingly, photomorphogenesis is closely associated with diverse growth hormonal cues. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that light‐directed morphogenesis is profoundly affected by two recently identified phytochemicals, karrikins (KARs) and strigolactones (SLs). KARs and SLs are structurally related butenolides acting as signaling molecules during a variety of developmental steps, including seed germination. Their receptors and signaling mediators have been identified, and associated working mechanisms have been explored using gene‐deficient mutants in various plant species. Of particular interest is that the KAR and SL signaling pathways play important roles in environmental responses, among which their linkages with photomorphogenesis are most comprehensively studied during seedling establishment. In this review, we focus on how the phytochemical and light signals converge on the optimization of morphogenic fitness. We also discuss molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling crosstalks with an aim of developing potential ways to improve crop productivity under climate changes.
MicroRNA‐126 in dogs with immune complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis
Authors: Cherry Ariana D. , Chu Candice P. , Cianciolo Rachel E. , Hokamp Jessica A. , Jacobson Sarah A. , Nabity Mary B.
Published: December 2023

Background

Most proteinuric dogs with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease have amyloidosis (AMYL), glomerulosclerosis (GS), or immune complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis (ICGN), each with different treatment and prognosis. A noninvasive and disease‐specific biomarker is lacking.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that the expression pattern of biofluid microRNA (miRNAs and miRs) would correlate with disease progression and categorization.

Animals

Archived serum and urine samples from 18 dogs with glomerular disease and 6 clinically healthy dogs; archived urine samples from 49 dogs with glomerular disease and 13 clinically healthy dogs.

Methods

Retrospective study. Archived biofluid samples from adult dogs with biopsy‐confirmed glomerular disease submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service between 2008 and 2016 were selected. Serum and urinary miRNAs were isolated and profiled using RNA sequencing. Urinary miR‐126, miR‐21, miR‐182, and miR‐486 were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR.

Results

When comparing more advanced disease with earlier disease, no serum miRNAs were differentially expressed, but urinary miR‐21 and miR‐182 were 1.63 (95% CI: .86‐3.1) and 1.45 (95% CI: .82‐2.6) times higher in azotemic dogs, respectively (adjusted P < .05) and weakly correlated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (miR‐21: r = .32, P = .03; miR‐182: r = .28, P = .05). Expression of urinary miR‐126 was 10.5 (95% CI: 4.1‐26.7), 28.9 (95% CI: 10.5‐79.8), and 126.2 (95% CI: 44.7‐356.3) times higher in dogs with ICGN compared with dogs with GS, AMYL, and healthy controls, respectively (P < .001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The miR‐126 could help identify dogs that might benefit from immunosuppressive therapy in the absence of a biopsy. MiR‐21 and miR‐182 are potential markers of disease severity and fibrosis.
SPL16 and SPL23 mediate photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in Populus trees
Authors: Wei Hongbin , Luo Mengting , Deng Jiao , Xiao Yue , Yan Huiting , Liu Huajie , Li Yi , Song Qin , Xiao Xingyue , Shen Junlong , Kong Hanying , Sun Fan , Luo Keming
Published: December 2023

Perennial trees in boreal and temperate regions undergo growth cessation and bud set under short photoperiods, which are regulated by phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptors and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 8 (PIF8) proteins. However, the direct signaling components downstream of the phyB‐PIF8 module remain unclear.

We found that short photoperiods suppressed the expression of miR156, while upregulated the expression of miR156‐targeted SQUAMOSA‐PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE 16 (SPL16) and SPL23 in leaves and shoot apices of Populus trees. Accordingly, either overexpression of MIR156a/c or mutagenesis of SPL16/23 resulted in the attenuation of growth cessation and bud set under short days (SD), whereas overexpression of SPL16 and SPL23 conferred early growth cessation.

We further showed that SPL16 and SPL23 directly suppressed FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) expression while promoted BRANCHED1 (BRC1.1 and BRC1.2) expression. Moreover, we revealed that PIF8.1/8.2, positive regulators of growth cessation, directly bound to promoters of MIR156a and MIR156c and inhibited their expression to modulate downstream pathways.

Our results reveal a connection between the phyB‐PIF8 module‐mediated photoperiod perception and the miR156‐SPL16/23‐FT2/BRC1 regulatory cascades in SD‐induced growth cessation. Our study provides insights into the rewiring of a conserved miR156‐SPL module in the regulation of seasonal growth in Populus trees.