bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure formation peculiarities at early stage of Antarctic–Australia separation based on physical modeling
Authors: Dubinin E. P. , Leichenkov G. L. , Grokholsky A. L. , Sergeeva V. M. , Agranov G. D.
Published: May 2019

The paper addresses crustal formation in the Australian–Antarctic basin at the early period of separation of Australia and Antarctica. The study covers long rifting (~160–80 Ma), ultraslow spreading (~80–45 Ma) with the formation of proto-oceanic, mainly ultrabasic crust, spreading (~45-40 Ma), and stationary spreading at medium velocities (after 40 Ma). The different stages of oceanic opening are clearly expressed in the changes of basement morphology (the top of the second oceanic layer) on seismic profiles. Physical modeling is used to reveal the peculiarities in the surface morphology of the oceanic (magmatic) crust which developed in the transitional conditions from ultraslow to slow and medium spreading. Our experiments established that (1) the presence of a stronger block in the pre-breakup model lithosphere in the pathway of the propagating rift faults can significantly affect the geometry of the spreading axis in its vicinity and lead to the development of transversal structures and a highly rugged relief; (2) under the conditions of ultraslow ocean accretion, numerous jumps of the spreading axes occur; (3) the temporary cessation of spreading leads to the development of linear high-amplitude uplifts corresponding to amagmatic ridges in the natural conditions.
Localization zones of ancient and historical earthquakes in Gornyi Altai
Authors: Deev E. V.
Published: May 2019

The conducted paleoseismological and archaeoseismological studies reveal three zones of concentration of the ancient and historical earthquakes in Gorny Altai which are related to the Kurai Fault zone, Katun, and South Terekta faults. The surface ruptures are detected within the Kurai Fault zone, which were formed in the epicentral zones of the paleoearthquakes that occurred 6500, 5800, 3200, and 1300 years ago and had magnitudes Mw = 6.7–7.6. The recurrence period of the paleoearthquakes is 700 to 2600 years. The detected secondary seismogenic deformations indicate that an epicentral zone of the paleoearthquake with an age of less than 12.5 ka (Mw = 7.2–7.6, intensity I = 10–11), the traces of earthquakes and their clusters with M ≥ 5–5.5 and I ≥ 6–7, which occurred about 150 and 90 ka ago, in the intervals of 38–19 ka ago (with a recurrence period of about 2 ka), and 19–12.5 ka ago are related to the southern part of the Katun Fault. The earthquake of I ≥ 5–6 which damaged the constructions of the Chultukov Log 1 burial mound in the period from IV century B.C. to the beginning of I century A.D. is associated with the northern part of the Katun Fault. In the zone of the South Terekhta Fault, the seismogenic displacements that occurred in VII–VIII centuries A.D. (Mw = 7.4–7.7, I = 9–11) and about 16 ka ago (M ≥ 7, I = 9–10) are revealed. The latter triggered the formation of a landslide-dammed lake which was destroyed by the earthquake about 6 ka ago (M ≥ 7, I = 9–10). Secondary paleoseismic deformations of the ancient earthquakes (M ≥ 5–5.5, I ≥ 6–7) are recorded in the sediments of the Uimon Basin with an age of 100–90 ka and about 77 ka. These results should be taken into account in designing a gas pipeline in the People’s Republic of China, building infrastructure for tourism, and elaborating the seismic zoning maps for the territory of the Russian Federation.
Review of methods to retrieve sea ice parameters from satellite microwave radiometer data
Authors: Zabolotskikh E. V.
Published: May 2019

Sea ice monitoring using long-term data of satellite passive microwave instruments enables climate change estimates. These numerical estimates depend on the methods used for sea ice parameter retrievals. This work presents a review of methods to retrieve sea ice parameters from the data of satellite microwave radiometers. Physical modeling of the sea ice–ocean–atmosphere microwave radiation provides the means to identify the general sources of the retrieval errors and to classify the methods by used approach. The basics of the algorithms are formulated along with assumptions and approximations as well as the data used for the algorithm verification. Weather filters are considered to identify the areas of open water. A comparative analysis of method advantages and limitations is given related to sea ice concentration retrievals from such satellite instruments as the series of Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR). A review of the basic satellite sea ice products based on SSM/I, AMSR-E and AMSR2 data is complemented by the list of the essential internet resources for operational and historical sea ice data.
Numerical simulation of ice cover of saline lakes
Authors: Stepanenko V. M. , Repina I. A. , Ganbat G. , Davaa G.
Published: May 2019

A new version of 1D thermodynamic and hydrodynamic model LAKE 2.1 is presented. The model is supplemented with description of dynamics and vertical distribution of salinity in ice layer. Simulation results are compared to in situ and satellite data on water temperature and ice cover at Lake Uvs (Mongolia) from 2000 to 2015. We demonstrate that underestimation of mixed-layer depth by the model with standard k–ε closure during summer and autumn leads to significant shift of ice-on to earlier dates. If the effects of water salinity are neglected in the model, ice cover establishes 16–17 before the observed dates. This error is removed, if influence of salinity on water density and freezing point is included, still assuming the fresh ice. However, in this case, LAKE model underestimates the maximal winter ice thickness on average by ≈0.2 m. In turn, this discrepancy decreases an order of magnitude if dynamics and vertical distribution of salinity in ice are reproduced. Such an effect does not take place when using constant salinity value in ice.
On one technique of the analysis of oscillation processes for the geophysical problems
Authors: Volodin E. M.
Published: May 2019

A technique is proposed for evolution equation that estimates the impact of different terms in phase change for oscillations with different frequencies. The impact is normalized in such way that sum of impacts for all terms equals 1. Proposed technique is applied for study of quasibiannual oscillation of zonal wind in equatorial stratosphere produced in 500 year preindustrial run with climate model of Institute of Numerical Mathematics RAS. The impact of nonorographic and orographic gravity wave drag and advection by zonal mean vertical wind to the phase change of model quasibiannual oscillation. It is shown that nonorographic wave drag is main mechanism responsible for phase change (the impact equals 1.58), vertical advection slows down phase change (impact is –0.74), and the impacts of other terms are small.
Spatial-temporal CO2 variations near St. Petersburg based on satellite and ground-based measurements
Authors: Timofeyev Yu. M. , Berezin I. A. , Virolainen Ya. A. , Makarova M. V. , Polyakov A. V. , Poberovsky A. V. , Filippov N. N. , Foka S. Ch.
Published: May 2019

The results of studying spatial-temporal CO2 variations near St. Petersburg during 2014–2017 based on satellite measurements (OSO-2 satellite), ground-based spectroscopic and local measurements are presented. According to satellite data the full amplitude of the spatial-temporal variations for the average CO2 mixing ratio (XCO2) amounted to 57.7 ppm (over 14%). The maximal XCO2 spatial variations during one day of observations (17.03.2015) were 46.8 ppm (more than 10%). Comparison of CO2 satellite and ground-based spectroscopic measurements has shown that ground-based measurements in the NDACC observing system after correction of systematic differences from the TCCON system can be used for validation of satellite measurements. Ground-based local measurements of the near-surface CO2 mixing ratio at Peterhof do not correlate with either spectroscopic ground-based or satellite measurements due to both mesoscale CO2 variations and significantly different spatial averaging kernels of direct and remote measurements.
REE–Th systematics of the suspended particulate matter and bottom sediments from the mouth zones of the world rivers of different categories/classes and some large Russian Arctic rivers
Authors: Maslov A. V. , Shevchenko V. P.
Published: May 2019

The distribution of the rare-earth elements (REE) and Th in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) of some large Russian Arctic rivers and in the bottom sediments from the mouth zones of the world rivers of large categories/classes is compared. It is concluded that the fine (pelite and silt-pelite) material of the Russian Arctic rivers belongs mainly to classes 1 + 2 (large rivers and rivers draining areas made up mainly of sedimentary rocks) and 4 (SPM of rivers draining volcanic areas) of the world rivers. The SPM similar in terms of REE and Th distribution to the bottom sediments of the mouth zones of category/class 3 (rivers draining mainly metamorphic/magmatic terranes) are not typical of the Russian Arctic rivers, except for the SPM of the Lena River similar in terms of (La/Yb)N and Eu/Eu* ratio.
Geochemistry and geochronology of cretaceous volcanism of Chauna region, Central Chukotka
Authors: Ganelin A. V. , Vatrushkina E. V. , Luchitskaya M. V.
Published: May 2019

New geochronological and geochemical data on the age and composition of Cretaceous volcanism of Palyavaam River basin (Central Chukotka, Chauna region) are presented. First complex is composed of rhyolites, ignimbrites and felsic tuffs of Chauna Group of Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt (OCVB). Second complex is represented by volcanic rocks of latite-shoshonite series of Early Cretaceous age, distinguished as Etchikun’ Formation. Its origin is still debatable. Some researchers refer deposits of Etchikun’ Formation to magmatic stage before OCVB activity. Other authors include in Chauna Group composition. Obtained data indicate heterogeneity of Etchikun’ Fomation volcanics and allow to divide them in two groups. Andesites of the first group (Etchikun’ Formation sensu stricto) have Early Cretaceous age and belong to magmatic stage before OCVB activity. Andesites of the second group correlate in age and composition with OCVB volcanic rocks. They occur at the base of Chauna Group and indicate homodromous character of volcanism evolution in the Central-Chukotka of Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt.
A report on the 2018 All-Russian Annual Seminar on Experimental Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry
Authors: Zharkova E. V.
Published: May 2019

On April 18–19, 2018, the regular All-Russian Annual Seminar on Experimental Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry was held in Moscow. It was organized by the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry and the Korzhinsky Institute of Experimental Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The seminar reviewed the latest experimental results in several main areas: phase equilibrium at high pressure and high temperatures; the processes of formation and differentiation of magmas; interactions between fluid-melt and crystals; hydrothermal equilibria and the formation of ore; synthesis of mine­rals; thermodynamic properties of minerals, melts, and fluids; problems with our current models of planets, meteorites, and the cosmos; physics and chemical properties of geomaterials; experimental geoecology; and methods and techniques of experimentation. Participation in the seminar included 340 specialists from 50 Russian scientific institutes and 11 foreign organizations, and more than 180 reports were presented.
The structure of glasses of the LI2O-K2O-GEO2 system revealed by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Koroleva O. N. , Korobatova N. M. , Shtenberg M. V. , Ivanova T. N.
Published: May 2019

Glasses of the three-component system Li2O-K2O-GeO2 were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Peak-fitting of spectra on constituent lines is performed and the basic structural units formed in the system are determined. The conditions for the appearance of highly coordinated germanium atoms are determined, and non-statistical distribution of modifier cations in the studied glasses is found. It is shown that substitution of the lithium cations by potassium cations, firstly, results in a change of the coordination number of Ge atoms, and then a rupture of the Ge–O–Ge bonds with the formation of non-bridging oxygen atoms.
Petrogenesis of the synplutonic high-magnesian porphyritic dykes from the mafic-granitoid plutons of the East-European Craton, Voronezh crystalline massif
Authors: Terentiev R. A.
Published: May 2019

This paper documents the data on high-Mg porphyrite dykes (PDs) from the mafic to felsic (~2.09 Ma) plutons of Elan complex (EC). The low-thickness (first centimeters) synplutonic dykes are characterized by sharp straight contacts without visible chilling zones, in contrast to the larger (up to 119 m) dykes that have gradual transitions. The dykes are fresh, porphyritic (bronzite, Al-enstatite, labradorite) and has fine-grained mainly quartzo-feldspathic (+biotite, sulfides, accessories, ±hypersthene) matrix. Based on geochemistry data the PDs are intermediate rocks (SiO2 = 58.9–60.3 wt. %) and plot into calc-alkaline series with high magnesian of whole rock (Mg# ~0.7) and felsic (68.9–70.2 wt. %) matrix (Mg# ~0.5). The PDs show differentiated rare-earth element patterns with negligible Eu anomalies. The bronzite phenocrysts varying sizes are characterized by block zoning and contain irregular inclusions of olivine (Mg# ~0.85), clinopyroxene (Mg# ~0.88), phlogopite (Mg# up to 0.94), labradorite, chrome spinel, graphite and sulfides. The Al-enstatite phenocrysts are practically sterile with respect to trace elements and mineral inclusions. The geochemical features as well as diffusion zones, reaction rims, and resorbed faces of the phenocrysts such as orthopyroxene and plagioclase indicate processes of recrystallization and/or partial dissolution of nonequilibrium crystals in the melt and indicate intratelluric nature of the dyke phenocrysts that cores are inherited from the EC derivatives/cumulate. The mineral thermometry estimates are: (1) the parent magma starting temperatures of 1200–1400 °С and (2) the EC crystallization temperatures 1080–1155 °С, (3) the PD emplacement temperatures 910–1070 °С. The petrogenetic model supposes the generation of EC high-temperature magmas similar to boninites from an upper metasomatized mantle. The melt is contaminated with continental crust lithologies. It implies the half-way evolved magma chamber in the crust. The PD melt, as a result of ending of the half-way magma chamber evolution, was emplaced into the still unheated EC plutons.
Impurity elements in quartz from gold deposits of the Darasun ore field (Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia): electron paramagnetic resonance data.
Authors: Rakov L. T. , Prokofiev V. Yu. , Zorina L. D.
Published: May 2019

The distribution of substitutional Al, Ti, and Ge impurities in quartz samples from the Darasun, Teremkinskoe and Talatui gold deposits, located in the Darasun orefield, were studied using the electron paramagnetic resonance method. Relationship between the isomorphic substitution and the dynamic recrystallization of quartz was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy.

Analysis of the plots of interdependency between the concentrations of various substitutional impurities in quartz (isogens) provided an opportunity to detect isomorphic substitution development trends. Two isomorphic substitution stages were recognized, one associated with mineral crystallization and the other, with its subsequent dynamic recrystallization. The first stage leads to Al impurity incorporation into the quartz crystal lattice, and the second, to Ti impurity incorporation. The Ge impurity is the isomorphic substitution catalyst, and its concentrations vary widely. It is noted that the second stage plays a decisive role, because it accounts for the incorporation of the larger part of substitutional impurities. This process is facilitated by the dynamic recrystallization of quartz.

Four quartz genetic groups, which are described by individual isogens, have been recognized in the Darasun orefield. Two of them correspond to the quartz crystallized from a magmatogenic fluid directly or redeposited with its participation, and the other two correspond to the quartz crystallized from an altered fluid. The facts that substitutional Al concentrations are retained in quartz after redeposition, whereas substitutional Ti impurity concentrations fall dramatically, are demonstrated.

Mineral formation processes at each gold deposit are discussed. Two types of temperature zoning, the normal and the reverse, have been recognized at the Darasun deposit. Each zoning is characterized by an individual quartz genetic group and the extent of mineralization system closedness. The genetically similar magmatogenic quartz samples found at the Darasun and Talatui deposits attest to the uniformity of mineralization process in the Darasun orefield. The established trends of isomorphic substitution in quartz are applicable in the studies of ore formation histories of gold and other ore deposits.

Keywords: Darasun; Teremkinskoe; and Talatui deposits of the Darasun orefield; mineral formation; auriferous quartz; dynamic recrystallization; substitutional impurities; genetic analysis; isogens; isomorphic substitution stages; quartz redeposition; temperature zoning; EPR method; scanning electron microscopy
Precambrian terrains of Central Asian orogenic belt: comparative characteristics, types and peculiarities of the tectonic evolution
Authors: Yarmolyuk V. V. , Degtyarev K. E.
Published: May 2019

The structure and peculiarities of the tectonic evolution of Precambrian terraines included into the structure of Paleozoids in different parts of the Central Asian orogenic belt are reviewed, types and comparative characteristics of Precambrian terraines are provided. We throw light on two types of Precambrian terrains structure: essentially juvenile Neoproterozoic crust (1); Mezo- and Early Neoproterozoic crust formed due to reworking of Early Precambrian formations (2). Terrains with juvenile Neoproterozioc crust, located in the Central and Eastern parts of the Central Asian orogenic belt, were generated in the oceanic sector of the Earth. Their formation was connected to the Early- and Late Neoproterozoic cycles of tectogenesis up to 200 Ma each cycle. Terrains with Mezo- and Early Neoproterozoic crust, found mainly in the West of the Central Asian orogenic belt, generated in the continental sector of the Earth during the Neoproterozoic, their evolution occurred mainly in the intracontinental environments. In the evolution all of considered terrains in the interval 800–700 Ma, an event associated with rift zones formation and intraplate magmatism was revealed, it coincided with the supercontinent Rodinia split. The conducted research allow to connect formation history of the Precambrian terrains of the Central Asian orogenic belt with the processes took place in the edge of the Syberia-Tarim part of the supercontinent Rodinia and the adjacent sector of the paleo-ocean.
Geological and biological reasons for the collapse of reef formation, Paleozoic
Authors: Kuznetsov V. G. , Zhuravleva L. M.
Published: May 2019

Paleozoic reef formation developed cyclically, and its global termination has been caused by the biological reasons — biotic crises and mass extinctions near the borders early and middle Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian, Frasnian and Famennian, Serpukhovian and Bashkirian, Permian and Triassic. The Early Cambrian reef formation has ended along with disappearance of archaeocyathid. In the later stages reefs were much more difficult ecosystems, and they stopped developing before the full extinction of the reef-building communities. The interruption of reef formations within the separate stages have been connected with the geological and paleogeographic reasons – volcanism, regression, climate aridization etc.
The Nadeiyakha Ore occurrence (Pai-Khoi, Russia): an example of ferromanganese metasediments in carbonaceous dolomitic shales
Authors: Brusnitsyn A. I. , Starikova E. V. , Ignatova M. V. , Kuleshov V. N.
Published: May 2019

The paper presents the results of study of metalliferous (ferromanganese and manganese) rocks at the Nadeiyakha ore occurrence (Pai-Khoi) discovered in 2010. The metalliferous deposit represents a stratiform body lying conformably in the Upper Devonian carbonaceous siliceous and clayey–carbonate–siliceous shales. The ore bed occurs 180 m below the regional Famennian manganiferous rock association in Pai-Khoi. Discovery of the Nadeiyakha ore occurrence suggests the existence of an additional age interval of Mn accumulation within the Devonian sequence of this region. The studied metalliferous rocks display structures and textures typical of the metasedimentary rocks. In terms of composition, they are divided into two varieties: (i) ferromanganese (quartz–carbonate) rocks composed of quartz, dolomite, kutnahorite, rhodochrosite, siderite, and calcite; (ii) manganiferous (quartz–rhodochrosite–silicate) rocks composed of quartz, rhodochrosite, tephroite, sonolite, and pyroxmangite. The Nadeiyakha ore occurrence is marked by the abundance of dolomite in the ferromanganese rocks and host shales. In terms of the relationship of indicator elements (Al, Ti, Fe, and Mn), ferromanganese and manganese rocks are comparable with the recent metalliferous and ore-bearing sediments. The carbon isotope composition in carbonates (δ13C from –16.4 to –7.8‰ PDB) corresponds to authigenic carbonates related to the involvement of carbon dioxide produced during the microbial decomposition of organic matter at the stage of dia- and/or catagenesis. Geological and petrographic observations show that the ferruginous and manganiferous sediments were deposited synchronously with the terrigenous–carbonate–siliceous sediments. Fe and Mn could be sourced from hydrothermal solutions or interstitial diagenetic waters. The latter version seems to be more probable. Metals were accumulated in a depression-trap characterized by a periodic stagnation of bottom waters. Such sedimentation setting promoted the formation of paragenetic association of ferruginous and manganiferous sediments with the carbonaceous sediments and fostered reductive conditions during the postsedimentary mineral formation. Calcium carbonates contained in the primary rocks were subjected to dolomitization during the dia- or catagenesis. This process was promoted by the mobilization of Mg released during the transformation of clay minerals owing to the montmorillonite–illite transition. Iron and manganese carbonates were formed during the later replacement of oxides of Mn3+, Mn4+, and Fe3+. Crystallization of manganese silicates also started at early stages of lithogenesis and terminated during the regional metamorphism of metalliferous rocks.
Wave climate of the Caspian sea. The input wind data for hydrodynamical modeling and some results of calculations
Authors: Lopatoukhin L. I. , Yaitskaya N. A.
Published: May 2019

The main stage of modern approach to the calculation of the wave climate includes creation of a database from hydrodynamic simulation. The input data for hindcasting are wind information, represented in the global reanalysis data. The reanalysis, especially for extreme wave statistics estimation should be subjected to correction with due regard of regional atmospheric processes. The specific of any basins requires prior adaptation of hydrodynamic models to particular conditions, results of which are checked by comparisons of model results with the data of field observations. The results of calculations based on hydrodynamic models are summarized using a set of stochastic models of various classes.
Long-term variability of dissolved oxygen and temperature of the upper layer of the Black sea
Authors: Polonsky A. B. , Kotolupova A. A.
Published: May 2019

The article provides an analysis of intra- and inter-annual variability of dissolved oxygen and temperature in the upper layer of the deep-water and north-western parts of the Black Sea in the period from 1923 to 2013. The analysis is carried using the archived data from the oceanographic database of Institute of natural and technical systems. Seasonal variability of dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature is out-of-phase. In average, dissolved oxygen concentration is at a maximum at the N-W shelf in winter and is at a minimum in the open Sea in summer. The amplitude of the seasonal variations is about 50 µmol/l. In general, this is consistent with the published results on the seasonal variation in temperature. However, in some periods, lasting about 20 to 30 years, seasonal variation varies. It is due to quasi-periodical interdecadal variability of dissolved oxygen concentration which differs from one season to another and in various subregions.
Volcanism and geochemistry of soil and vegetation cover of Kamchatka. Communication 1. Geochemical features of volcanic surface ashes
Authors: Zakharikhina L. V. , Litvinenko Yu. S.
Published: May 2019

Common geochemical features of volcanic near-surface ashes of Kamchatka (ashes located under the surface organogenic soil horizons) are their depletion by most chemical elements in comparison with average indicators for volcanic rocks of corresponding composition and relative enrichment of a limited range of elements, mainly typomorphic for main rocks (P, Mg V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Zr, Sb). Against the background of small variations in the contents of chemical elements in the ashes of different areas of the peninsula, the range of their priority elements is determined by their petrochemical composition. The active activity of the Northern group of volcanoes of Kamchatka causes a relatively high content of mobile forms of elements in the near-surface ashes of the Northern province in comparison with the ashes of the southern part of the peninsula.
Hydrogeoseismological Research in Kamchatka: 1977–2017
Authors: Kopylova G. N. , Boldina S. V.
Published: May 2019

This paper is concerned with the main stages in the setting-up and technical development of a system specializing in physical and chemical parameters of groundwater at a network of wells and springs in the Petropavlovsk Geodynamic Test Area, Kamchatka. The focus is on a description of hydrogeochemical and hydrogeodynamic precursors to Kamchatka earthquakes (Мw = 6.6‒7.8) that occur a few weeks to a few months before a seismic event, manifesting themselves in anomalous changes in chemical composition and groundwater level. The precursors are discussed in application to their use at specialized councils on earthquake prediction. It is shown that the system of automated observation of groundwater parameters at wells as developed at the Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KB GS RAS) is capable of identifying hydrogeodynamic precursors of water-level in near real time and of providing, in some particular cases, quantitative estimates of pre-seismic and coseismic deformation of water-saturated rocks. This can be useful in geophysical monitoring and intermediate-term prediction of strong earthquakes for the Kamchatka region.
Long-term dynamics and trend of ion sink of Amur river
In the winter low-water period near Khabarovsk, Russia
Authors: Shesterkina N. M. , Shesterkin V. P.
Published: May 2019

The long-term dynamics and trend of the ion sink of the Amur River near Khabarovsk, Russia, in the winter low-water period were studied. The hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the main tributaries are given. The spatial heterogeneity of the distribution of mineralization along the length and width of the Amur is noted. The influence of large floods on the winter runoff of solutes has been established. The long-term increasing trend of ion sink in the winter low-water period due to hydropower construction is shown.
Mathematical modeling of the development of the long profile of a deluvial slope
Authors: Salugin A. N. , Kulik A. V.
Published: May 2019

The process of formation of gentle deluvial (dominated by sheet erosion) slopes under the influence of anthropogenic load is investigated using a deterministic balance model in a 2D formulation. It is shown that the non-linear erosion model as a diffusion equation in partial derivatives with boundary conditions makes it possible to adequately reflect the dynamics of sheet erosion. The physical aspects of mass transfer in a laminar flow are considered, taking into account the mechanisms of separation and transport of soil particles in connection with the concept of critical velocity. The evolution of the profile of a deluvial slope is investigated. The results of the numerical experiment were used to analyze the mechanism of transfer of erosion products and the formation of profiles. The concept of diffusion-balance modeling is expanded by numerical, as well as computational experiments. Taking into account the detected high adequacy of the model, it can be used to describe the evolution of deluvial slopes.
Study of erosion-channel systems and its components: theory, history, and practice
Authors: Chalov R. S. , Berkovich K. M. , Larionov G. A. , Litvin L. F.
Published: May 2019

The article is dedicated to the 50th anniversary since the N. I. Makkaveev’s Scientific Research Laboratory for soil erosion and channel processes was organized at the Moscow University. The history of scientific school, created by N. I. Makkaveev, establishment is considered, as well as the discipline on integral erosion-depositional process and its evolution to the theory of catchment erosion-fluvial systems. The analysis of the fundamental researches performed by the Laboratory is submitted, and the application tasks in the area of soil erosion, gully erosion, channel and estuarine processes are outlined. Main directions of research are formulated, the prospects for their development are evaluated.
Classical and generalized of a mixed problem– solutions for a non-homogeneous wave equation
Authors: Khromov A. P. , Kornev V. V.
Published: May 2019

This study follows A.N. Krylov’s recommendations on accelerating the convergence of the Fourier series, to obtain explicit expressions of the classical mixed problem–solution for a non-homogeneous equation and explicit expressions of the generalized solution in the case of arbitrary summable functions q(x), ϕ(x), y(x), f(x, t).
Hydroosmotic pressure
Authors: Bazhin N. M. , Parmon V. N.
Published: May 2019

This work proposes the term “hydroosmotic pressure” to define hydrostatic pressure emerging from an osmotic process during solvent diffusion through membranes. The usage of this term potentially clears the ambiguity of the term “osmotic pressure,” referring to the concentration of dissolved solids in a solution regardless of the existence of hydrostatic pressure. Hydroosmotic pressure is the difference between hydrostatic pressures on either side of the membrane; thus, the term “hydroosmotic pressure” allows for the most correct definition of many processes associated with osmotic phenomena.
Early Ordovician alkali-ultramafic Zhilandy complex (Central Kazakhstan): structure and age of formation
Authors: Antonuk R. M. , Tretyakov A. A. , Degtyarev K. E. , Kotov A. B.
Published: May 2019

U–Pb geochronological study of amphibole-bearing quartz monzodiorites of the alkali-ultramafic Zhilandy complex in Central Kazakhstan, whose formation is deduced at the Early Ordovician era (479 ± 3 Ma). The obtained data indicate three stages of intra-plate magmatism in the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Late Neoproterozoic stage of alkali syenites of the Karsakpay complex intrusion, Early Cambrian stage of ultramafic-gabbroid plutons of the Ulutau complex formation, and Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician stage of formation of the Zhilandy complex and Krasnomay complex intrusions.
Suns are convex in tangent directions
Authors: Alimov A. R. , Shchepin E. V.
Published: May 2019

A direction d is called a tangent direction to the unit sphere S of a normed linear space s  S and lin(s + d) is a tangent line to the sphere S at s imply that lin(s + d) is a one-sided tangent to the sphere S, i. e., it is the limit of secant lines at s. A set M is called convex with respect to a direction d if [x, y]  M whenever x, y in M, (y - x) || d. We show that in a normed linear space an arbitrary sun (in particular, a boundedly compact Chebyshev set) is convex with respect to any tangent direction of the unit sphere.
Interaction of ionic liquids with sulfur
Authors: Tarasova N. P. , Mezhuev Y. O. , Zanin A. A. , Krivoborodov E. G.
Published: May 2019

The interaction of tri-n-butylmethylphosphonium dimethylphosphate and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate with elemental sulfur in a benzene medium has been described. According to13C and17O NMR and high resolution mass spectrometry, the chemical reaction involves only the dimethyl phosphate anion. The reaction mechanism and the reaction product composition have been proposed.
The structure and thermal properties of tmfe2o4 at different values of temperature and oxygen pressure
Authors: Vedmid L. B. , Fedorova O. M. , Dimitrov V. M. , Balakirev V. F.
Published: May 2019

The stability range of TmFe2O4 has been studied under conditions of low oxygen pressure in the gas phase at the temperature of 1090 °C. The thermodynamic characteristics of thulium ferrite are calculated from experimental data obtained during dissociation of the compound in the temperature range of 750–900 °C. Structural transformations are determined in the temperature range from –140 to 140 °C. They are associated with charge ordering in this compound.
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Soft Tissues of Bivalve Mollusks from Natural Lakes in Eastern Sikhote-Alin (Russia) and the Mekong Delta (Vietnam)
Authors: Bogatov V. V. , Prozorova L. A. , Chernova E. N. , Lysenko E. V. , Ngo Xuan Quang , Tran Thanh Thai , Hoang Nghia Son
Published: May 2019

The concentrations of seven heavy metals (HMs) in tissues of bivalve mollusks of the families Unionidae (genera Ensidens, Scabies, Kunashiria) and Cyrenidae (genus Corbicula) and from four natural lakes located on the eastern slope of Sikhote Alin (Primorskii krai, Russian Far East) and the Mekong River delta (Vietnam) were determined. It was established that the HM concentrations in the bivalve mollusks studied, inhabiting unpolluted water reservoirs, are specific for every family and do not depend on the geographical positions of the lakes. They decrease in the following order: Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd > Pb for Unionidae, and Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni ≥ Cd > Pb for Cyrenidae (Corbicula). It is likely that deviations from the revealed sequence are due to anthropogenic pollution of lakes with some metals or the occurrence of a natural geological anomaly.
Molecular mechanisms of control of differentiation of regulatory t-lymphocytes by exogenous melatonin
Authors: Glebezdina N. S. , Olina A. A. , Nekrasova I. V. , Kuklina E. M.
Published: May 2019

We investigated the role of epiphyseal hormone melatonin in the differentiation of naive CD4+T cells into regulatory T cells (Treg). The hormone at physiological and pharmacological concentrations inhibited Treg differentiation, decreasing both the proportion of CD4+FOXP3+ cells in the culture and the level of TGF‑β, the key cytokine for this T cell subpopulation. The inhibitory effect of exogenous melatonin was due to its interaction with the membrane receptors MT1 and MT2. At the same time, the signals realized through RORa — the nuclear receptor for melatonin — stimulated Treg formation; however, they were considerably weaker than the signals from the membrane receptors and were overlapped by the latter. Since the Treg subpopulation plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes in the body, the revealed effects of melatonin should be taken into account in its therapeutic use.
Intramolecular mobility affects the energy migration from quantum dots to reaction centers of photosynthesizing bacterium rb. Sphaeroides
Authors: Krasilnikov P. M. , Lukashev E. P. , Knox P. P. , Seyfullina N. Kh. , Rubin A. B.
Published: May 2019

The temperature dependence of the efficiency of energy migration from the CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs, a fluorescence maximum at 580 nm) to the reaction centers (RCs) of the bacteria Rb.sphaeroides is practically constant over the temperature range from 100 to ~230–240 K but then decreases 2,5–3 times as temperature further increases to 310 K. The analysis of this dependence on the basis of Forster’s theory showed that the major changes in the energy transfer efficiency are associated with the temperature change in the quantum yield of QD fluorescence, which is due to the activation of intramolecular mobility in the RC structure.
On the complexity of some problems of searching for a family of disjoint clusters
Authors: Kel'manov A. V. , Pyatkin A. V. , Khandeev V. I.
Published: May 2019

We consider some consimilar problems of searching for disjoint subsets (clusters) in the nite set of points in Euclidean space. In these problems, it is required to maximize the minimum subset size such that the value of each intracluster quadratic variation would not exceed a given fraction (constant) of the total quadratic variation of the points of the input set with respect to its centroid. In the paper, we have proved that all the problems are NP-hard even on a line.
Biotechnological method of preparation and characterization of recombinant antimicrobial peptide avicin a from Enterococcus avium
Authors: Balandin S. V. , Finkina E. I. , Nurmukhamedova E. K.-A. , Tagaev A. A. , Umnyakova E. S. , Kokryakov V. N. , Shvets V. I. , Ovchinnikova T. V.
Published: May 2019

Avicin A is a bacteriocin from the gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus avium. It exhibits a high microbicidal activity against bacteria of the genus Listeria, a causative agent of the severe human infection listeriosis. We developed a biotechnological method for obtaining avicin A and characterized its structure and biological activity. We also proposed a possible mechanism of the antimicrobial action of avicin A.
Experience of the application of antiseptics for the treatment of biological matrixes of rat lung
Authors: Kuevda E. V. , Gubareva E. A. , Basov A. A. , Krasheninnikov S. V. , Grigoriev T. E. , Gumenyuk I. S. , Dzhimak S. S. , Kachanova O. A. , Chvalun S. N.
Published: May 2019

In order to select the optimal method for disinfecting the scaffolds prior to decellularization using morphological methods (studying the biomechanical strength of extracellular matrix fibers) and analyzing chemiluminescence in rats, the effect of octenisept and chlorhexidine was studied at different concentrations on the biological matrices of the lungs before and after decellularization. Chlorhexidine at a dilution of 1:10 possessed the least damaging properties for the matrix and most contributed to the decontamination of the cages for further storage and experimental studies.
Two genetic types of pseudotachylytes
Authors: Morozov Yu. A. , Matveev M. A. , Smulskaya A. I. , Kulakovskiy A. L.
Published: May 2019

The study of two varieties of pseudotachylytes (PST) in granitoids of the Riphean complex on the Barents Sea coast of the Kola Peninsula (Rybachii and Srednii peninsulas) and in metapsammite of the Paleoproterozoic complex in the Northern Ladoga region by a few independent analytical methods has made it possible to establish that they belong to different genetic forms, such as mechanically crushed rocks and melting products, respectively. As for the melting differences, we have given a detailed description of the mineral and material transformations of the original rock into the PST glass matrix and obtained evidence for the initial melting out of the micaceous eutectics with its subsequent shift to the granite type. The conclusion has been made on the most likely formation of molten PST due to frictional rock melting under rapid rise of its blocks from a depth of 12–15 km to the crustal surface (less than 3 km) along the faults of presumably seismogenic nature. It is suggested that crushing and frictional melting can be complementary, rather than mutually exclusive processes, and the formation of molten PST is commonly preceded by the mechanical rock crushing stage.
Infrasound signals from earthquakes of December 5, 2014 in the water area of lake Hovsgol, Northern Mongolia
Authors: Sorokin A. G. , Klyuchevskii A. V.
Published: May 2019

A comprehensive analysis of waveforms of seismic and infrasonic vibrations from the earthquake that occurred on December 5, 2014, in the water area of Lake Hovsgol was performed. The analysis showed that the infrasonic signal recorded at the Tory station (Geophysical Observatory of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences) was formed by the sources of three generation types: local, secondary, and epicentral. The obtained results allow us to propose the model of epicentral infrasonic signal generation by flexural waves from an elastic ice membrane on the surface of Lake Hovsgol.
Regulation of recombinase RAG-1 expression by female sex steroids in Treg and Th17 lymphocytes. role of oncostatin M
Authors: Shirshev S. V. , Nekrasova I. V. , Gorbunova O. L. , Orlova E. G.
Published: May 2019

The effect of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and oncostatin M (OSM) on the differentiation of CD4+ T cells to T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes and T helpers 17 (Th17) was investigated. The possibility of revision of the T cell receptor in these subpopulations by evaluating the expression of RAG-1 recombinase was also studied. E2 at concentrations characteristic of pregnancy trimester I, but no P4 or OSM, increased the Treg level. Combination of sex steroids with OSM increased the percent of CD4+FOXP4+ cells and enhanced RAG-1 expression in these cells, thus promoting the development of immune tolerance during pregnancy. In the study of Th17 such effect of the hormones and OSM was not detected.
Functional analysis of coilin in virus resistance and stress tolerance of potato Solanum tuberosum USING CRISPR/Cas9 editing
Authors: Makhotenko A. V. , Khromov A. V. , Snigir E. A. , Makarova S. S. , Makarov V. V. , Suprunova T. P. , Kalinina N. O. , Taliansky M. E.
Published: May 2019

The role of the nuclear protein coilin in the mechanisms of resistance of potato Solanum tuberosum cultivar Chicago to biotic and abiotic stresses was studied using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. For the coilin gene editing, a complex consisting of the Cas9 endonuclease and a short guide RNA was immobilized on gold or chitosan microparticles and delivered into apical meristem cells by bioballistics or vacuum infiltration methods, respectively. Editing at least one allele of the coilin gene considerably increased the resistance of the edited lines to infection with the potato virus Y and their tolerance to salt and osmotic stress.
Logical language of description of polynomial computing
Authors: Goncharov S. S. , Sviridenko D. I.
Published: May 2019

An expansion of the term concept and, accordingly, the formula due to new operators were constructed. These extensions of the language preserve the expressiveness of S-formulas, and at the level of D0-formulas and terms, they ensure the polynomiality of algorithms for calculating the value of a term and the truth of a D0-formula.
Area of graph surfaces on Carnot groups with sub-lorentzian structure
Authors: Karmanova M. B.
Published: May 2019

For graph mappings constructed from sufficiently smooth mappings of nilpotent graded groups, we prove area formula on sub-Lorentzian structures of arbitrary depth with multi-dimensional time.
Synthesis of isotopically modified derivatives of dopamine, serotonin and doxorubicine with Boc-Pro and Boc-[2H]Pro
Authors: Shevchenko V. P. , Andreeva L. A. , Nagaev I. Yu. , Myasoedov N. F.
Published: May 2019

The synthesis of Boc-Pro-Dox, Boc-Pro-DOPA, Boc-Pro-Srt, Pro-Dox, Pro-DOPA, and Pro-Srt, as well as Boc-[2H]Pro-Dox, Boc-[2H]Pro-DOPA, Boc-[2H]Pro-Srt and [2H]Pro-Dox, [2H]Pro-DOPA, and [2H]Pro-Srt were performed for the first time. It was established that Boc-[2H]Pro is the most promising for obtaining deuterated compounds. It was shown that hydrogenation of Boc-APro in ethyl acetate on a palladium catalyst allows 1.6-1.65 times more deuterium to be introduced than for hydrogenation of an unsaturated proline bound to serotonin and three times more than hydrogenating an unsaturated proline bound to dopamine. Due to the instability of doxorubicin under the conditions of the reduction of unsaturated proline, its condensation with Boc- [2H]Pro is the only possibility for obtaining Boc-[2H]Pro-Dox. Mass spectrometric methods determined the content of isotopomers in deuterated products.
Interaction of actinide matrices with brine
Authors: Yudintsev S. V. , Malkovsky V. I. , Nikolsky M. S. , Nikonov B. S.
Published: May 2019

Radioactive wastes with long-lived actinides derived in the nuclear fuel cycle can be disposed in very deep boreholes (depth up to 5 km) in titanate and zirconate matrices. During their interaction with a hot chloride brine very low release rate of the waste imitator (Nd) is shown. The elements in solution occur in soluble form, role of colloids is insignificant. The data allow selection of matrices for actinide waste immobilization.
Principles for construction of bioluminescent enzyme biotests for analysis of complex media
Authors: Kalyabina V. P. , Esimbekova E. N. , Torgashina I. G. , Kopylova K. V. , Kratasyuk V. A.
Published: May 2019

We formulated the principles of designing bioluminescent enzyme tests for assessing the quality of complex media which consist in providing the maximum sensitivity to potentially toxic chemicals at a minimal impact of uncontaminated complex media. The developed principles served as a basis for designing a new bioluminescent method for an integrated rapid assessment of chemical safety of fruits and vegetables which is based on using the luminescent bacterium enzymes (NAD(P)H:FMN oxidoreductase and luciferase) as a test system.
Loading rate of exogenous and autoantigenic determinants on major histocompatibility complex class ii mediates resistance to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mamedov A. E. , Zakharova M. Y. , Favorova O. O. , Kulakova O. G. , Boyko A. N. , Knorre V. D. , Vorobieva N. A. , Khurs E. N. , Kiselev I. C. , Baulina N. M. , Gabibov A. G. , Belogurov, Jr. A. A.
Published: May 2019

Genetic analysis of thousands of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy Russian donors showed that the carriage of groups of HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*03 alleles is associated with the risk of MS, whereas the carriage of groups of HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-DRB1*11 alleles is protective. Recombinant HLA-DRB1*01:01 with a high affinity can recognize the fragments of myelin basic protein (MBP), one of the autoantigens in MS. However, the comparison of the kinetic parameters of the load of MBP and viral HA peptides on HLA-DRB1*01:01, which is catalyzed by HLA-DM, showed a significantly lower rate of exchange of CLIP for MBP peptides. We assume that the observed protective properties of the group of HLA-DRB1*01 alleles may be directly associated with the ability of HLA-DRB1*01:01 to kinetically distinguish peptides of exogenous and endogenous nature.
Resident and anadromous forms of arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) from North-East Europe: an example of high ecological variability without speciation
Authors: Makhrov A. A. , Bolotov I. N. , Spitsyn V. M. , Gofarov M. Yu. , Artamonova V. S.
Published: May 2019

Samples from 11 populations of the Arctic char of the North-European part of Russia belonging to the anadromous and resident forms and two samples from Lake Sobach'e (Taimyr) were studied. The nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial COI gene was determined in 60 individuals. In the majority of populations, the same COI haplotype was found. In some populations of the resident chars, haplotypes differing from the widespread haplotype in a single nucleotide substitution were found. The obtained genetic data give no reason to distinguish the resident form of the Arctic char from lakes of Karelia and the Kola Peninsula as an independent species, Salvelinus lep- echini. The adaptation of the Arctic char to the unstable environmental conditions is ensured primarily by its phenotypic plasticity.