bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesospheric optical signatures of possible lightning on Venus
Authors: Pérez‐Invernón F. J. , Luque A. , Gordillo‐Vázquez F. J.
Published: July 2016

A self‐consistent two‐dimensional model is proposed to account for the transient mesospheric nighttime optical emissions associated to possible intracloud (IC) lightning occurring in the Venusian troposphere. The model calculates the mesospheric (between 75 km and 120 km in altitude) quasi‐elestrostatic electric field and electron density produced in response to IC lightning activity located between 40 km and 65 km in the Venusian cloud layer. The optical signatures and the densities of perturbed excited atomic and molecular neutral and ionic species in the mesosphere of Venus are also calculated using a basic kinetic scheme. The calculations were performed for different IC lightning discharge properties. We found that the calculated electric fields in the mesosphere of Venus are above breakdown values and that, consequently, visible transient glows (similar to terrestrial Halos produced by lightning) right above the parent IC lightning are predicted. The transient optical emissions result from radiative deexcitation of excited electronic states of N2 (in the ultraviolet, visible and near‐infrared ranges) and of O(1S) and of O(1D) in, respectively, the green (557 nm) and red (630 nm) wavelengths. The predicted transient lightning‐induced glows from O(1S) can reach an intensity higher than 167 R and, consequently, be above the detection threshold of the Lightning and Airglow Camera instrument aboard the Japanese Akatsuki probe orbiting Venus since December 2015. However, according to our model, successful observations of transient lightning‐induced optical glows could only be possible for sufficiently close (300 km or maximum 1000 km) distances.
Linkages between Arctic summer circulation regimes and regional sea ice anomalies
Authors: Lynch Amanda H. , Serreze Mark C. , Cassano Elizabeth N. , Crawford Alex D. , Stroeve Julienne
Published: July 2016

The downward trend in overall Arctic summer sea ice extent has been substantial, particularly in the last few decades. Departures in ice extent from year to year can be very large, however, in part due to the high variability in summer atmospheric circulation patterns. Anomalies in the Pacific sector ice cover can be partially compensated by anomalies of opposite sign in the Atlantic sector. An assessment of linkages between summer atmospheric patterns and sectoral anomalies in the area of maximum open water north of 70°N demonstrates that there is asymmetry in the mechanisms. Years with low ice extent and high open water fraction are uniformly associated with positive temperature anomalies and southerly flow in both the Atlantic and Pacific sectors. However, years with high extent and low open water fraction in both sectors reveal two dominant mechanisms. Some years with anomalously low maximum open water fraction are associated with negative temperature anomalies and southerly transport—a cool summer pattern that allows ice to persist over larger areas. However, other low open water years are characterized by an “ice factory” mechanism, whereby—even when melting—ice cover is continually replenished by advection from the north.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5: a target for migraine therapy
Authors: Waung Maggie W. , Akerman Simon , Wakefield Mark , Keywood Charlotte , Goadsby Peter J.
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Many patients suffering from migraine gain little relief from existing treatments partly because many existing acute and preventive therapies used in migraine have been adopted from other neurologic conditions such as depression or epilepsy. Here, we present data supporting a new migraine‐specific target, the mGlu5 receptor.

Methods

We studied the effect of mGlu5 blockade using ADX10059, on neuronal firing in the trigeminocervical complex (TCC) and durovascular effects of nociceptive trigeminovascular activation in the anesthetized rat. The clinical potential of the mGlu5 mechanism was tested with ADX10059 orally in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.

Results

The negative allosteric mGlu5 modulator ADX10059 attenuated dural vasodilator responses to meningeal stimulation in a dose‐dependent manner, comparable to naratriptan, while the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor blocker MK‐801 had no effect. ADX10059 reduced responses of trigeminocervical neurons to dural stimulation, most strikingly affecting their spontaneous firing rate. Immunostaining identified mGlu5 and not mGlu1a receptors in the TCC. The primary efficacy endpoint for the clinical trial, 2 h pain free, demonstrated a significant effect of ADX10059 375 mg, 17%, versus placebo, 5%. No serious adverse events were reported at the primary dose, with transient dizziness being the most common treatment‐emergent event at 48%.

Interpretation

Our findings provide preclinical and clinical proof of concept establishing mGlu5 as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of migraine. Although ADX10059 is unsuitable as a therapeutic candidate, because of hepatoxicity detected in a subsequent study, the data open a new direction for migraine research and therapy.
Developmental and Environmental Effects on Sesquiterpene Lactones in Cultivated Arnica montana L.
Authors: Todorova Milka , Trendafilova Antoaneta , Vitkova Antonina , Petrova Maria , Zayova Ely , Antonova Daniela
Published: July 2016

The amount of sesquiterpene lactones and the lactone profile of Arnica montana L. in flowering and seed formation stages in vitro and in vivo propagated from seeds of German, Ukrainian, and Austrian origin and grown in two experimental fields were studied. It was found that in vitro propagated 2‐year plants in full flowering stage accumulated higher amount of lactones in comparison to in vivo propagated 3‐year plants and to the seed formation stage, respectively. Helenalins predominated in in vivo propagated 2‐year or in vitro propagated 3‐year plants. 2‐Methylbutyrate (2MeBu) was the principal ester in the samples with prevalence of helenalins, while isobutyrate (iBu) was the major one in the samples with predominance of 11,13‐dihydrohelenalins. The results revealed that the environmental conditions on Vitosha Mt. are more suitable for cultivation of A. montana giving higher content of lactones.
CFD simulation of interfacial instability from the nozzle in the formation of viscous core‐annular flow
Authors: Macías‐Hernández Manuel J. , Dávila‐Maldonado Omar , Guzmán‐Vargas Ariel , Sotelo‐Boyás Rogelio , Zarazua‐Villalobos Liliana
Published: July 2016

The interfacial instability in the development of core‐annular flow by the influence of the inlet nozzle in a horizontal pipe was investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The two‐phase flow has been simulated using Volume‐Of‐Fluid model (VOF) and k‐ϵ turbulence model for the core (viscous oil) and the annular phase (water). The simulation results showed that by increasing the water input fraction, the interfacial instability appeared when the eccentricity of the core with an upward position and an oscillating position were generated by the input pressure, turbulent kinetic, and buoyancy force. In the development of the perfect core‐annular flow an input concentric core changes to eccentric position with negligible turbulence. The onset of entrainment is formed by a reverse flow at the junction of the two‐phase at the nozzle exit. The interfacial formation was analyzed using a proposed two‐phase Froude number and modified Eötvos number involving the water input fraction.
Hydrological drivers of brown trout population dynamics in France
Authors: Bergerot B. , Cattanéo F.
Published: July 2016

Alteration of natural river flow regimes is a major threat to freshwater biodiversity. Restoration of natural flow regimes requires an understanding of linked hydrological and ecological processes. In this study, we investigated how annual seasonal flow characteristics and physical habitat attributes could interact to explain yearly changes in brown trout population densities (for 0+ fish, corresponding to the young of the year, and for the >0+ age class) in 112 sites widespread in France. Using an information theoretic approach and general linear modeling, we identified the physical habitat attributes and seasonal hydrological variables which explained 0+ proportion, total, >0+ and 0+ brown trout density dynamics. A decrease in total and 0+ brown trout densities were mainly linked to high water levels in both high and low flows during the emergence period and to a lesser extent, to physical habitat attributes reflecting the river size. 0+ proportions were only linked to the level of low flows, and to a lesser extent to high flows, during the emergence period. Our study demonstrated that seasonality of flow is a main driver of brown trout population dynamics, especially magnitude of high and low flows for the 0+ age class, and should be considered in the definition of environmental flows.
Charge carrier mobilities in organic semiconductor crystals based on the spectral overlap
Authors: Stehr Vera , Fink Reinhold F. , Deibel Carsten , Engels Bernd
Published: July 2016

The prediction of substance‐related charge‐transport properties is important for the tayloring of new materials for organic devices, such as organic solar cells. Assuming a hopping process, the Marcus theory is frequently used to model charge transport. Here another approach, which is already widely used for exciton transport, is adapted to charge transport. It is based on the spectral overlap of the vibrational donor and acceptor spectra. As the Marcus theory it is derived from Fermi's Golden rule, however, it contains less approximations, as the molecular vibrations are treated quantum mechanically. In contrast, the Marcus theory reduces all vibrational degrees of freedom to one and treats its influence classically. The approach is tested on different acenes and predicts most of the experimentally available hole mobilities in these materials within a factor of 2. This represents a significant improvement to values obtained from Marcus theory which is qualitatively correct but frequently overestimates the mobilities by factors up to 10. Furthermore, the charge‐transport properties of two derivatives of perylene bisimide are investigated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Challenges and perspectives in quantitative NMR
Authors: Giraudeau Patrick
Published: July 2016

This perspective article summarizes, from the author's point of view at the beginning of 2016, the major challenges and perspectives in the field of quantitative NMR. The key concepts in quantitative NMR are first summarized; then, the most recent evolutions in terms of resolution and sensitivity are discussed, as well as some potential future research directions in this field. A particular focus is made on methodologies capable of boosting the resolution and sensitivity of quantitative NMR, which could open application perspectives in fields where the sample complexity and the analyte concentrations are particularly challenging. These include multi‐dimensional quantitative NMR and hyperpolarization techniques such as para‐hydrogen‐induced polarization or dynamic nuclear polarization. Because quantitative NMR cannot be dissociated from the key concepts of analytical chemistry, i.e. trueness and precision, the methodological developments are systematically described together with their level of analytical performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepta‐, hexa‐, penta‐, tetra‐, and trisaccharide resin glycosides from three species of Ipomoea and their antiproliferative activity on two glioma cell lines
Authors: León‐Rivera Ismael , del Río‐Portilla Federico , Enríquez Raúl G. , Rangel‐López Edgar , Villeda Juana , Rios María Yolanda , Navarrete‐Vázquez Gabriel , Hurtado‐Días Israel , Guzmán‐Valdivieso Ulises , Núñez‐Urquiza Verónica , Escobedo‐Martínez Carolina
Published: July 2016

Six new partially acylated resin glycosides were isolated from convolvulin of Ipomoea purga, Ipomoea stans, and Ipomoea murucoides (Convolvulaceae). The structures of compounds 1–6 were elucidated by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The structure of jalapinoside B (1) consists of a hexasaccharide core bonded to an 11‐hydroxytetradecanoic (convolvulinic) acid forming a macrolactone acylated by a 2‐methylbutanoyl, a 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylbutanoyl, and a quamoclinic acid B units. Purginoic acid A (2) contains a hexasaccharide core bonded to a convolvulinic acid acylated by a 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylbutanoyl unit. Stansin A (4) is an ester‐type heterodimer, and consists of two stansoic acid A (3) units, acylated by 2‐methylbutanoic and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylbutanoic acids. The site of lactonization was located at C‐3 of Rhamnose, and the position for the ester linkage of the monomeric unit B on the macrolactone unit A was established as C‐4 of the terminal rhamnose. Compounds 5 and 6 are glycosidic acids. Murucinic acid II (5) is composed of a pentasaccharide core bonded to an 11‐hydroxyhexadecanoic (jalapinolic) acid, acylated by an acetyl unit. Stansinic acid I (6) is a tetrasaccharide core bonded to a jalapinolic acid, acylated by 2‐methylbutanoyl and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylbutanoyl units. Preliminary testing showed the cytotoxicity of compounds 1–6 toward OVCAR and UISO‐SQC‐1 cancer cell lines. In addition, compound 1 showed an antiproliferative activity on glioma C6 and RG2 tumor cell lines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dithieno[2,3‐d:2',3'‐d']benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene (DTBDAT)‐based copolymers for high‐performance organic solar cells
Authors: Lee Ye Seul , Song Seyeong , Yoon Yung Jin , Lee Yun‐Ji , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Kim Jin Young , Kim Yun‐Hi
Published: July 2016

P(BDT‐TCNT) and P(DTBDAT‐TCNT), which has an extended conjugation length, were designed and synthesized for applications in organic solar cell (OSCs). The solution absorption maxima of P(DTBDAT‐TCNT) with the extended conjugation were red‐shifted by 5–15 nm compared with those of P(BDT‐TCNT). The optical band gaps and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of both P(BDT‐TCNT) and P(DTBDAT‐TCNT) were similar. The structure properties of thin films of these materials were characterized using grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and tapping‐mode atomic force microscopy, and charge carrier mobilities were characterized using the space‐charge limited current method. OSCs were formed using [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the electron acceptor and 3% diphenylether as additive suppress aggregation. OSCs with P(BDT‐TCNT) as the electron donor exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.10% with a short‐circuit current density of JSC = 9.06 mA/cm2, an open‐circuit voltage of VOC = 0.77 V, and a fill factor of FF = 0.58. OSCs formed using P(DTBDAT‐TCNT) as the electron donor layer exhibited a PCE of 5.83% with JSC = 12.2 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.77 V, and FF = 0.62. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3182–3192
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and probiotic properties of wild‐strain Pichia kudriavzevii isolated from frozen idli batter
Authors: Chelliah Ramachandran , Ramakrishnan Sudha Rani , Prabhu Prince R. , Antony Usha
Published: July 2016

The present research was undertaken to study the probiotic characteristics of Pichia kudriavzevii isolated from frozen idli batter. Polymerase chain reaction amplification with 18S rRNA primers confirmed Pichia kudriavzevii, a xylose‐utilizing probiotic strain. It was resistant to physiological concentrations of bile salts, pepsin and pancreatic enzyme. It also showed efficient auto‐aggregation as well as co‐aggregation ability with four commercial probiotic yeasts and exhibited good hydrophobicity in xylene and toluene. The strain inhibited the growth of 13 enteropathogens and showed a commensal relationship with four commercial probiotic yeast and bacteria. Moreover, it was resistant to 30 antibiotics with different modes of action. The yeast exhibited thermotolerance up to 95 °C for 2 h. The cell‐free supernatants were also found to be heat stable, indicating the presence of thermostable secondary metabolites. Hence it could be exploited as starter culture, co‐culture or probiotic in the preparation of fermented products or incorporated in heatable foods as well. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormalities in the Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols in the Liver of the Goto‐Kakizaki Rat: A Model for Non‐Obese Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Karahashi Minako , Hirata‐Hanta Yuko , Kawabata Kohei , Tsutsumi Daisuke , Kametani Misaki , Takamatsu Nanako , Sakamoto Takeshi , Yamazaki Tohru , Asano Satoshi , Mitsumoto Atsushi , Kawashima Yoichi , Kudo Naomi
Published: July 2016

The Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rat is widely used as an animal model for spontaneous‐onset type 2 diabetes without obesity; nevertheless, little information is available on the metabolism of fatty acids and triacylglycerols (TAG) in their livers. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the alterations in the metabolism of fatty acids and TAG in their livers, in comparison with Zucker (fa/fa) rats, which are obese and insulin resistant. Lipid profiles, the expression of genes for enzymes and proteins related to the metabolism of fatty acid and TAG, de novo synthesis of fatty acids and TAG in vivo, fatty acid synthase activity in vitro, fatty acid oxidation in liver slices, and very‐low‐density‐lipoprotein (VLDL)‐TAG secretion in vivo were estimated. Our results revealed that (1) the TAG accumulation was moderate, (2) the de novo fatty acid synthesis was increased by upregulation of fatty acid synthase in a post‐transcriptional manner, (3) fatty acid oxidation was also augmented through the induction of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, and (4) the secretion rate of VLDL‐TAG remained unchanged in the livers of GK rats. These results suggest that, despite the fact that GK rats exhibit non‐obese type 2 diabetes, the upregulation of de novo lipogenesis is largely compensated by the upregulation of fatty acid oxidation, resulting in only moderate increase in TAG accumulation in the liver.
Evaluation of Isolated Impact of Trans Fatty Acids on Short Dough Product
Authors: Sahin Kubra , Mert Behic , Tekin Aziz
Published: July 2016

In this study, the effects of trans fatty acids (TFAs) on rheological properties of dough (elastic moduli (G’), loss moduli (G”), complex modulus (G*)) and textural properties of dough and cookie (hardness) were studied. Two different groups of fat samples having different TFA composition but similar solid fat content (SFC) were prepared. Samples of the first group (group 1) had TFA between 0.0 and 56.23 %, while the samples of the second group (group 2) contained trans isomers ranging from 0.0 to 44.40 %. Texture measurements of different doughs and cookies prepared with different fat samples were performed. Texture measurements indicated that hardness values of doughs increased from 3950 ± 420 to 5498 ± 506 g in group 1 and 4700 ± 501 to 6787 ± 369 g in group 2 with increased amounts of TFAs. A particularly high, almost three‐fold increase in complex modulus values was observed in the dough samples containing the highest TFA levels compared with samples containing 0.0 % TFA. Although not significantly different, mean hardness and relative sound intensity values of cookies displayed an initial decreasing trend and then both parameters had maximum values when the TFA content was at maximum in both groups.
Prospective evaluation of five methods used to treat cesarean scar defects
Authors: Zhang Xuyin , Yang Mengyi , Wang Qing , Chen Jianliang , Ding Jingxin , Hua Keqin
Published: July 2016

Objective

To evaluate operative and nonoperative therapies for cesarean scar defects (CSDs).

Methods

A prospective study was conducted among patients who underwent treatment of CSDs at a hospital in Shanghai, China, between April 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. Treatment included laparoscopy (group 1), vaginal surgery (group 2), hysteroscopy (group 3), combined oral contraceptives (group 4), and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (group 5).

Results

Among 142 participants, 119 patients underwent surgical repair and 23 received nonsurgical (conservative) treatment. Operation time, blood loss, and length of hospital stay reported for patients in group 3 (n = 19) were all lower than those reported for patients in group 1 (n = 86) and group 2 (n = 14; P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Patients who underwent surgery and those in group 4 (n = 18) experienced shortened menstrual periods after treatment (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). For group 5 (n = 5), the duration of menstruation was similar before and after therapy (P = 0.89). All 32 women who desired fertility underwent laparoscopy; 12 (37.5%) became pregnant after this procedure.

Conclusion

All treatments for CSDs other than the levonorgestrel intrauterine system shortened menstrual periods. Laparoscopic surgery was effective for patients with fertility requirements.
Thermal diffusion and diffusion thermo effects on an unsteady heat and mass transfer magnetohydrodynamic natural convection Couette flow using FEM
Authors: Raju R. Srinivasa , Jithender Reddy G. , Rao J. Anand , Rashidi M.M.
Published: July 2016

The numerical solutions of unsteady hydromagnetic natural convection Couette flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid between the two vertical parallel plates in the presence of thermal radiation, thermal diffusion and diffusion thermo are obtained here. The fundamental dimensionless governing coupled linear partial differential equations for impulsive movement and uniformly accelerated movement of the plate were solved by an efficient Finite Element Method. Computations were performed for a wide range of the governing flow parameters, viz., Thermal diffusion (Soret) and Diffusion thermo (Dufour) parameters, Magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, Thermal radiation and Schmidt number. The effects of these flow parameters on the velocity (u), temperature (θ) and Concentration (ϕ) are shown graphically. Also the effects of these pertinent parameters on the skin-friction, the rate of heat and mass transfer are obtained and discussed numerically through tabular forms. These are in good agreement with earlier reported studies. Analysis indicates that the fluid velocity is an increasing function of Grashof numbers for heat and mass transfer, Soret and Dufour numbers whereas the Magnetic parameter, Thermal radiation parameter, Prandtl number and Schmidt number lead to reduction of the velocity profiles. Also, it is noticed that the rate of heat transfer coefficient and temperature profiles increase with decrease in the thermal radiation parameter and Prandtl number, whereas the reverse effect is observed with increase of Dufour number. Further, the concentration profiles increase with increase in the Soret number whereas reverse effect is seen by increasing the values of the Schmidt number.

Highlights Studied MHD free convection Couette flow with the effect of Soret & Dufour numbers. Finite Element Method is implemented as the numerical approach. Grid independence of FEM is studied. Enhance the fluid velocity as increasing of temperature and concentration gradient.
Development of web-based collaborative framework for the simulation of embedded systems
Authors: Yang Woong , Lee Soo-Hong , Jin Yong Zhu , Hwang Hyun-Tae
Published: July 2016

Cyber Physical System (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) are hot objects of interest as an extension of the embedded system. These interactive products and systems contain Mobile Devices which are most popular and used most frequently. Also these have been widely used from the control of the Nuclear Power Control System (NPCS) to IoT Home Service. Information & Communication Technology (ICT) topics of trend fused-complex current Information Technology (IT) and Communication Technology (CT) are closely linked to real space and virtual space. This immediately means the arrival of the ultra-connected society. It refers to a society in which various objects surrounding the human innovation and change in the social sector are expected through the connection between the data which are to be generated. In addition, studies of Tool-kit for the design of such systems are also actively pursued. However, only increased cooperation and information sharing between the physical object consists of a variety of machinery and equipment. We have taken into consideration a number of design variables of the high barriers to entry about the product.

In this study, It has been developed a Web-based collaboration framework which can be a flexible connection between macroscopically virtual environment and the physical environment. This framework is able to verifiy and manage physical environments. Also it can resolve the bottlenecks encountered during the base expansion and development process of IoT (Internet of Things) environment.

Highlights Flexible connection between a virtual environment and a physical environment. Resolving the bottlenecks encountered during the development of IoT environment. Examining the product instantly and verifying the production design qualities through online. Having a role of the managing board based on big data.
Health locus of control, spirituality and hope for healing in individuals with intestinal stoma
Authors: Moreira Carmelita Naiara de Oliveira , Marques Camila Barbosa , Salomé Geraldo Magela , Cunha Diequison Rite da , Pinheiro Fernanda Augusta Marques
Published: July 2016

Objective To assess the health locus of control, spirituality and hope of cure in patients with intestinal stoma.

Methods This study was conducted at the Polo of Ostomized People in the city of Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais. Participants were 52 patients with intestinal stoma. Three questionnaires were applied for data collection: a questionnaire on demographic and stoma-related data; the Scale for Health Locus of Control; the Herth Hope Scale, and the Self-rating Scale for Spirituality.

Results Most ostomized subjects were women aged over 61 years, married and retired. As to the stoma, in the majority of cases these operations were definitive and were carried out due to a diagnosis of neoplasia. Most ostomized subjects had a 20- to 40-mm diameter colostomy, 27 showed dermatitis as a complication, and 39 (75%) used a two-part device. The mean total score for the Scale for Health Locus of Control, the Herth Hope Scale, and the Self-rating Scale for Spirituality were 62.42, 38.27, and 23.67, respectively. Regarding the dimensions of the Scale for Health Locus of Control, the dimension “completeness of health” = 22.48, dimension “externality-powerful others” = 22.48, and dimension “health externality” = 19.48.

Conclusion Ostomized patients participating in the study believe they can control their health and that caregivers and individuals involved in their rehabilitation can contribute to their improvement. The cure or improvement has a divine influence through religious practices or beliefs.
Submucosal lipoma simulating a malignant tumor of the left colon: a case report
Authors: Campos Victor Minari , Figueiredo Sergio Mazzola Poli de , Aguiar Rodrigo Salmeron de Toledo , Gonçalves Augusto Canton , Manzione Thiago , Bin Fang Chia
Published: July 2016

Intestinal lipomas can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, and these tumors are more frequent in the colon. By being largely asymptomatic, colonic lipomas are usually found incidentally, as findings in colonoscopy examinations, in association with biopsy. Endoscopic or surgical resection is the therapeutic option, depending on the size of the tumor, its location, and the presence or absence of symptoms. In this study, we present a case of a 59-year old woman, with a descending colon lipoma histologically diagnosed only after surgical resection of the lesion. The approach was adopted according to the patient's clinical picture (intestinal bleeding, vomiting and weight loss), in addition to the occlusion of 80% of the colonic lumen observed in a colonoscopy.
Stitching time: Vintage consumption connects the past, present, and future
Authors: Sarial‐Abi Gülen , Vohs Kathleen D. , Hamilton Ryan , Ulqinaku Aulona
Published: July 2016

We investigated a novel avenue for buffering against threats to meaning frameworks: vintage consumption. Although the appeal of vintage goods, defined as previously owned items from an earlier era, is strong and growing, this paper is among the first to examine the possible psychological ramifications of vintage consumption. Six studies found that vintage items mitigated the typical reactions to meaning threats. Four of these studies also showed that vintage consumption facilitates mental connections among the past, present, and future. As a result, people whose meaning structures had been threatened, for example, by being reminded of their own eventual death, preferred vintage products more than others who had not experienced a meaning threat, and more than similar non‐vintage products. These findings suggest that meaning disruptions stimulate a desire for intertemporal connections, a desire that vintage products—as existing and continuing symbols of bygone eras—seem to satisfy.
Electrophysiologic similarities of overdose between digoxin and bufadienolides found in a Chinese aphrodisiac
Authors: Bressman Maxwell , Repplinger Daniel , Slater William , Patt Mitchell
Published: July 2016

Classically derived from toad venom, bufadienolides are a group of cardioactive steroids with properties similar to digoxin. Some traditional Chinese medications, including several aphrodisiacs, contain bufadienolides. Owing to their physiologic similarities to digoxin, bufadienolides have been shown to produce a toxic profile similar to that of digoxin and there have been multiple case reports of the use of these aphrodisiacs resulting in death. This report will describe a case that illustrates the electrophysiologic similarities between bufadienolide toxicity and digoxin toxicity as well as the treatment of bufadienolide toxicity.
Econometric estimation of deprivation cost functions: A contingent valuation experiment
Authors: Holguín‐Veras José , Amaya‐Leal Johanna , Cantillo Victor , Van Wassenhove Luk N. , Aros‐Vera Felipe , Jaller Miguel
Published: July 2016

This paper details research to design an estimation process for Deprivation Cost Functions (DCF) using Contingent Valuation, and to apply it econometrically to obtain a DCF for drinkable water. The paper describes both the process and results obtained. The results indicate that deprivation costs for drinkable water have a non‐linear relation with deprivation times. The estimated DCFs provide a consistent metric that could be incorporated into humanitarian logistic mathematical models, eliminating the need to use proxy metrics, and providing a better way to assess the impacts of delivery options and actions. The research reported in this paper is the first attempt in the literature to produce estimates of the economic value of human suffering created by the deprivation of a critical supply or service.
Hip Arthroplasty for Treatment of Atypical Femoral Fracture with Pre-existing Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yee Dennis K.H. , Cheng H.C.
Published: July 2016

A 72-year-old woman with bilateral hip dysplasia sustained atypical femoral fracture of the left subtrochanteric region. She underwent left total hip replacement with a long extensively porous coated femoral stem. The fracture healed with incorporation of the strut allograft after 8 months. A painful horizontal radiolucent line at the tip of the femoral stem was noted after 4 years, with resolution of symptoms after a period of protected weight bearing. We believe that total hip replacement for subtrochanteric atypical femoral fracture with pre-existing hip dysplasia is a feasible option and avoids a second operation for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Protest and participation in post-transformation Poland: The case of the Committee for the Defense of Democracy (KOD)
Authors: Karolewski Ireneusz Paweł
Published: July 2016

The paper explores the recent political participation in Poland focusing on the KOD movement. Given that very limited data is available on the impact of citizen participation in political process in Poland, the paper attempts a preliminary assessment of the participation “between elections”. The paper tries to take a snapshot of the KOD movement and to examine it in the context of civil society concept. The paper argues that the KOD movement is located between civil and political society on the one hand. On the other hand, it draws strongly on the symbolism of the civil resistance during the last two decades of communism. The dichotomy of post-communism and the former anti-communist opposition (including former Solidarity and KOR activists) was relevant for the political participation in Poland in the 1990s and 2000s and, as I argue now, has been replaced by new identity conflict between the symbolic politics of nationhood and the liberal Europeanized vision of politics.
State-building and local resistance in Kosovo: Minority exclusion through inclusive legislation
Authors: Lončar Jelena
Published: July 2016

This article focuses on the participation of local citizens in Kosovo in the process of state-building and their engagement with the institutions imposed by the international community. While previous literature focuses either on the constitutional and institutional framework or on the more direct forms of local resistance to international intervention, this article looks into more subtle forms of resistance whereby local citizens change the meanings of imposed institutions. To this purpose, this article examines the process of adoption of two minority-relevant laws: the Law on Historic Centre of Prizren and the Law on the Village of Velika Hoča/Hoçë e Madhe. By employing a critical frame analysis, this paper points to the very subtle forms of resistance to the international rule such as: exclusion of citizens from participation in decision-making, defining citizenship in ethnic terms or changing the meaning of minority relevant legislation by framing it from the perspective of state- and nation-building. All of these actions resist the international efforts to build Kosovo as a multiethnic state and impugn the legitimacy of the system. These findings indicate the important role of local citizens in creating the sustainable peace.
Banking efficiency in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: A comparative study
Authors: Mohanty Sunil K. , Lin Hong‐Jen , Aljuhani Eid A. , Bardesi Hisham J.
Published: July 2016

We measure cost and profit efficiencies of banks operating in six GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) using heteroskedastic stochastic frontier (HSF) models. Our results show that measures of cost and profit efficiencies of banks vary widely across the six gulf countries over the same period. We examine whether cost and profit efficiencies of Islamic banks are significantly different from that of conventional banks. After allowing for bank risk, asset quality, environmental influences such as the level of interest rate, and country effect, we find that cost and profit efficiencies of Islamic banks are similar to that of conventional banks. Our results suggest that the country‐specific variables have significant impact on cost and profit efficiencies of banks operating in GCC countries. Our findings indicate that cost and profit efficiencies of Islamic banks are more volatile than that of conventional banks.
Pollen from accurately dated speleothems supports alpine glacier low-stands during the early Holocene
Authors: Festi Daniela , Hoffmann Dirk L. , Luetscher Marc
Published: July 2016

Deciphering pollen assemblages from alpine speleothems holds potential to provide unique information about past vegetation in rapidly changing environments. Here, we reconstruct subsurface aerosol transport at Milchbach cave (Switzerland, 1840 m asl) based on the pollen content of two Holocene stalagmites. We demonstrate that pollen is chiefly associated with bacterially mediated calcite fabrics, typical of a well-ventilated cave system. In contrast, pollen is absent from columnar calcite fabrics confirming that hydrological transport is not a significant process for the incorporation of pollen into speleothems at Milchbach cave. Our results support significant changes in the subsurface ventilation regime, which can be associated with the waxing and waning of Upper Grindelwald glacier. Pollen assemblages obtained from six carbonate sub-samples attest the presence of a mixed deciduous forest in the Grindelwald valley during the early and middle Holocene, in agreement with coeval regional pollen records. This study demonstrates that even small amounts of calcite (0.3–2.8 cm3) are capable of delivering pollen spectra representative of the original vegetation if sufficiently elevated deposition fluxes are provided.
How Do Tropical Forests Slow Knickpoints in Rivers?
Authors: Yan Wudan
Published: July 2016

Using Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains as a case study, scientists use the region's geological history to study how knickpoints—areas where there's a sharp change in the river's slope—move over time.
Cdk2 catalytic activity is essential for meiotic cell division in vivo
Authors: Chauhan Sangeeta , Diril M. Kasim , Lee Joanna H.S. , Bisteau Xavier , Manoharan Vanessa , Adhikari Deepak , Ratnacaram Chandrahas Koumar , Janela Baptiste , Noffke Juliane , Ginhoux Florent , Coppola Vincenzo , Liu Kui , Tessarollo Lino , Kaldis Philipp
Published: July 2016

Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) control the eukaryotic cell cycle by phosphorylating serine and threonine residues in key regulatory proteins, but some Cdk family members may exert kinase-independent functions that cannot easily be assessed using gene knockout approaches. While Cdk2-deficient mice display near-normal mitotic cell proliferation due to the compensatory activities of Cdk1 and Cdk4, they are unable to undergo meiotic generation of gametes and are consequently sterile. To investigate whether Cdk2 regulates meiosis via protein phosphorylation or by alternative kinase-independent mechanisms, we generated two different knockin mouse strains in which Cdk2 point mutations ablated enzyme activity without altering protein expression levels. Mice homozygous for the mutations Cdk2D145N/D145N or Cdk2T160A/T160A expressed only ‘kinase-dead’ variants of Cdk2 under the control of the endogenous promoter, and despite exhibiting normal expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and complexes, both mutations rendered mice sterile. Mouse cells that expressed only ‘kinase-dead’ variants of Cdk2 displayed normal mitotic cell cycle progression and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that loss of Cdk2 kinase activity exerted little effect on this mode of cell division. In contrast, the reproductive organs of Cdk2 mutant mice exhibited abnormal morphology and impaired function associated with defective meiotic cell division and inability to produce gametes. Cdk2 mutant animals were therefore comparable to gene knockout mice, which completely lack the Cdk2 protein. Together, our data indicate that the essential meiotic functions of Cdk2 depend on its kinase activity, without which the generation of haploid cells is disrupted, resulting in sterility of otherwise healthy animals.
Estimation of real contact area during sliding friction from interface temperature
Authors: Chey Sung Keun , Tian Pengyi , Tian Yu
Published: July 2016

Frictional heat is one of the most important topics in tribological research. The real contact area of the frictional pair plays a significant role in accurately estimating the interface temperature, which is closely related to the frictional heat. However, conventional methods for measuring the contact area, such as constriction resistance measurements, are not suitable for dynamic frictional motion because of the electrical and thermal interferences at the contact region. In this study, a novel method is presented for estimating the real contact area during sliding friction. First, the average interface temperature was experimentally measured by the dynamic thermocouple method. Then assuming that the total frictional heat power is constant, the measured temperature was used as a constraint to determine the contact area in a finite element model, giving an estimation for the real contact area. The calculation results show that the real contact area increases with increasing normal load as predicted by contact theories, and decreases with increasing sliding speed, which could be attributable to the contact dynamics of asperities at the interface. Additionally, the limits of the proposed method is discussed.
High-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a probe of crystal-field and covalency effects in actinide compounds
Authors: Butorin Sergei M. , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Vegelius Johan R. , Meyer Daniel , Shuh David K.
Published: July 2016

Significance

This work is to our knowledge the first illustration of the ability of the high-energy resolution fluorescence-detection X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) technique to directly probe the crystal-field splitting in the 5
f
shell of actinides. This is a breakthrough for actinide science, allowing for the easy extraction of desired information from the spectroscopic method, which is easy to interpret and to calculate. Furthermore, the HERFD-XAS technique allows us to resolve the charge-transfer satellites in actinide spectra that were hidden before, thus enhancing the sensitivity to the covalent character of the chemical bonding. Using ThO
2
as an example, we show that other common techniques underestimate the crystal-field strength and that ThO
2
is not an anionic compound as previously believed.
Sympatric speciation of spiny mice,
Acomys
, unfolded transcriptomically at Evolution Canyon, Israel
Authors: Li Kexin , Wang Huihua , Cai Zhenyuan , Wang Liuyang , Xu Qinqin , Lövy Matěj , Wang Zhenlong , Nevo Eviatar
Published: July 2016

Significance

Sympatric speciation (SS) has always been controversial since it was proposed by Darwin. Recently, we showed SS empirically in
Spalax
by amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP), mitochondrial, and nuclear genomes. Similarly, SS in spiny mice,
Acomys
, from Evolution Canyon I (EC I), was earlier proposed by mtDNA and AFLP. Here, we show that full transcriptome data substantiates SS under sharp microclimatic and ecological divergence with gene flow, displaying extensive adaptive complexes to slope-specific stresses coupled with habitat choice and signals of reproductive isolation. Remarkably, strong natural selection across a sharply divergent ecological microsite overrules gene flow and advances SS, which is common at EC I. Because microsite ecological, geological, edaphic, and climatic divergences are widespread in nature, we conclude that SS might be a common mode of speciation.
Effects of changes in stock productivity and mixing on sustainable fishing and economic viability
Authors: Bastardie François , Nielsen J. Rasmus , Eero Margit , Fuga Federico , Rindorf Anna
Published: July 2016

Within the new FMSY European paradigm, this paper shows how a combination of changes in fish stock mixing, non-stationarity in productivity, and constraints on unit stock concepts undermine the effective management of fisheries, especially when management reference points are not adjusted accordingly. Recent changes in stock structures, conditions and stock mixing between eastern and western Baltic cod can jeopardize the reliability of stock assessments and of the fishery economy. We modelled how different management, individual vessel decision-making, and stock growth and mixing scenarios have induced alternative individual vessel spatial effort allocation and economic performance by affecting fishing costs and by changing the relative stock abundance and size distribution. Stock mixing heavily influences profit and stock abundance for stocks that have experienced increased fishing mortality (F) levels. Western cod F has increased from a higher total allowed catches (TAC) advised in the medium-term due to the westward migration of eastern cod while eastern cod F has increased from reduced growth in the east. Greater pressures on western cod and decreased eastern cod growth and conditions greatly reduce the overall cod spawning stock biomass, thus changing the landing size composition and associated fishery profits. As a cumulative effect, fishing efforts are redirected towards western areas depending on management (quotas). However, total profits are less affected when traditional fishing opportunities and switching possibilities for other species and areas are maintained. Our evaluation indicates that current management mechanisms cannot correct for potential detrimental effects on cod fisheries when effort re-allocation changes landing origins. By investigating different economic starting conditions we further show that Baltic cod mis-management could have resulted in unintended unequal (skewed) impacts and serious consequences for certain fleets and fishing communities compared with others. Our management strategy evaluation is instrumental in capturing non-linear effects of different recommendations on sustainability and economic viability, and we show that fixed F-values management is likely not an attainable or sufficient goal in ensuring the sustainability and viability of fisheries and stocks given changing biological conditions.
Fishing for MSY: using “pretty good yield” ranges without impairing recruitment
Authors: Rindorf Anna , Cardinale Massimiliano , Shephard Samuel , De Oliveira José A. A. , Hjorleifsson Einar , Kempf Alexander , Luzenczyk Anna , Millar Colin , Miller David C. M. , Needle Coby L. , Simmonds John , Vinther Morten
Published: July 2016

Pretty good yield (PGY) is a sustainable fish yield corresponding to obtaining no less than a specified large percentage of the maximum sustainable yield (MSY). We investigated 19 European fish stocks to test the hypothesis that the 95% PGY yield range is inherently precautionary with respect to impairing recruitment. An FMSY range was calculated for each stock as the range of fishing mortalities (F) that lead to an average catch of at least 95% of MSY in long-term simulations. Further, a precautionary reference point for each stock (FP.05) was defined as the F resulting in a 5% probability of the spawning-stock biomass falling below an agreed biomass limit below which recruitment is impaired (Blim) in long-term simulations. For the majority of the stocks analysed, the upper bound of the FMSY range exceeded the estimated FP.05. However, larger fish species had higher precautionary limits to fishing mortality, and species with larger asymptotic length were less likely to have FMSY ranges impairing recruitment. Our study shows that fishing at FMSY generally is precautionary with respect to impairing recruitment for highly exploited teleost species in northern European waters, whereas the upper part of the range providing 95% of MSY is not necessarily precautionary for small- and medium-sized teleosts.