bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Networks Management: New Perspectives
Authors: Kanakoudis Vasilis , Tsitsifli Stavroula
Published: February 2019

Real water losses in water distribution systems may well be considered a potential water resource, as the significant water volumes being wasted through these physical losses should be replaced eventually. Advanced tools and strategies can be used for the efficient and sustainable management of water resources toward circular economy. The present Special Issue presents new perspectives for water networks management. The 10 peer-reviewed papers collected in this Special Issue have been grouped in two categories—drinking water supply systems and water resources and irrigation systems. These papers are being briefly presented in this Editorial.
Water Infiltration and Surface Runoff in Steep Clayey Soils of Olive Groves under Different Management Practices
Authors: Bombino Giuseppe , Denisi Pietro , Gómez Josè Alfonso , Zema Demetrio Antonio
Published: February 2019

When olive groves are cultivated on clayey soils with steep gradients, as in many Mediterranean areas, reducing the runoff and soil erosion rates by adopting proper soil management practices is imperative. A soil cover by pruning residues may represent an alternative to the commonly adopted mechanical tillage. This study evaluates the water infiltration rates and surface runoff volumes in a steep and clayey olive grove of Southern Italy. These hydrological variables are measured at the plot scale under four soil management practices (mechanical tillage, total artificial protection of soil and soil cover with two different rates of vegetal residues). The measurements have been carried out using a rainfall simulator under dry (undisturbed) and wet (that is, on soils disturbed by intense rainfall) conditions. The mechanical tillage leads to lower water infiltration rates and higher runoff production. The retention of a soil cover by vegetal residues (in the range 3.5–17.5 tons/ha of dry matter) reduces the runoff rate on average by 30%, mainly because of the increased soil infiltration rates (over 100%, compared to mechanical tillage). After soil disturbance due to antecedent rainfall, the runoff generation capacity of a soil disturbed by a heavy precipitation significantly increased compared to undisturbed soils because of the decrease in soil infiltration rates. Overall, the retention of vegetal residues over the soil may be advisable to reduce surface runoff generation rates, particularly for saturated soils.
Use of Alternative Hydrogeological Conceptual Models to Assess the Potential Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater Sustainable Yield in Central Huai Luang Basin, Northeast Thailand
Authors: Pholkern Kewaree , Saraphirom Phayom , Cloutier Vincent , Srisuk Kriengsak
Published: February 2019

Sustainable management of groundwater resources is essential for sound groundwater development, especially in sensitive salt-affected areas. In Northeast Thailand, the Central Huai Luang Basin, underlain by rock salt, is the source of groundwater and soil salinity. The future sustainable groundwater development yield was assessed under the plausible uncertainty of hydrogeological and projected climate scenarios that could impact the groundwater system. The SEAWAT and HELP3 models were used to simulate groundwater system. The four alternative scenarios of hydrogeological conceptual models were formulated to determine the impact on groundwater system and sustainable groundwater yield. In addition, impacts of projected climate conditions on each alternative model were explored. The results indicate that variable depths and thicknesses of rock salt layers have a higher impact on groundwater salinity distribution and sustainable yield estimations than model boundary conditions. Groundwater salinity, shallow water table areas, and sustainable yield projections vary substantially depending on the possible conceptual model scenarios. It is clear that the variable hydrogeological models affect groundwater sustainable yields.
Orographic Effects of Geomorphology on Precipitation in a Pluvial Basin of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Mei , Zhang Wenjiang
Published: February 2019

The eastern Tibetan Plateau is subjected to strong spatial variations in precipitation, but the underlying reasons are still not well understood due to sparse in-situ meteorological observations. In this study, streamflow observations were adopted to investigate the orographic controls on precipitation in the Qingyijiang (QYJ) Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The method of multi-year annual water balance was used to estimate the basin-level precipitation using in-situ streamflow and flux-based evapotranspiration. In addition, elevation transect was designed to examine the possible links between precipitation and geomorphology. The results showed the severe under-estimation of regional precipitation by weather sites (~1150 mm yr−1) in the QYJ Basin, where the runoff depth was as high as ~1450 mm yr−1. The water balance revealed a much higher level of precipitation (~2000 mm yr−1) in the QYJ Basin, but precipitation in the two adjacent basins was contrastingly low (<1000 mm yr−1). The spatial pattern of precipitation was well consistent with the local horn-mouth geomorphology, with more precipitation occurring in the geomorphologically converging and elevating region. Furthermore, within the the QYJ Basin, annual precipitation was larger in the sub-basins (>2200 mm) on or near the bottom of the horn-mouth geomorphology than the others (<1800 mm). With these results, we concluded that the high precipitation level in the QYJ Basin could be attributed to the combined converging and lifting effects of geomorphology on the westward atmospheric vapor. Therefore, flooding risk should be carefully accounted for in the basins with similar geomorphology in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
SECURITY COOPERATION IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION: TODAY AND FUTURE IN THE WORLD CONTEXT
Authors: Makštutis Antanas
Published: February 2019

The paper analyzes the global economic factors of security cooperation in the Baltic Sea region that have an effect on the present and future development of national markets in separate states of this region within the development of the common market of the European Union (EU). It is noted that the EU principal market factors of today: the free movement of people, goods and capital destabilizes the development of a separate state market in the Baltic Sea region, and the tasks of a national state in the future will become still more complicated. The work provides the research results of the factors of a specific geopolitical environment in the Baltic Sea region; the ways and methods are foreseen for solving the future political, economic and social problems in this region under the conditions of globalization.
Origin of 1I/’Oumuamua. II. An Ejected Exo-Oort Cloud Object?
Authors: Moro-Martín Amaya
Published: February 2019

1I/’Oumuamua is the first detected interstellar interloper. We test the hypothesis that it is representative of a background population of exo-Oort cloud objects ejected under the effect of post-main sequence mass loss and stellar encounters. We do this by comparing the cumulative number density of interstellar objects inferred from the detection of 1I/’Oumuamua to that expected from these two clearing processes. We consider the 0.08–8 M
⊙ mass range, take into account the dependencies with stellar mass, Galactocentric distance, and evolutionary state, and consider a wide range of size distributions for the ejected objects. Our conclusion is that 1I/’Oumuamua is likely not representative of this background population, even though there are large uncertainties in the masses and size distributions of the exo-Oort Clouds. We discuss whether the number density of free-floating, planetary-mass objects derived from gravitational microlensing surveys could be used as a discriminating measurement regarding 1I/’Oumuamua’s origin (given their potential common origin). We conclude that this is challenged by the mass limitation of the surveys and the resulting uncertainty of the mass distribution of the free floaters. The detection of interlopers may be one of the few observational constraints of the small end of this population, with the caveat that, as we conclude here and in Moro-Martín (2018), in the case of 1I/’Oumuamua, it might not be appropriate to assume this object is representative of an isotropic background population, which makes the derivation of a number density very challenging.
Evidence of Radial Nulls Near Reconnection Fronts
Authors: Liu C. M. , Chen Z. Z. , Wang Z. , Liu Y. Y.
Published: February 2019

Radial nulls, where magnetic field strength becomes zero and the magnetic field lines point radially in the fan plane, are believed to be crucial for particle acceleration and energy dissipation during magnetic reconnection. Recent simulations have suggested that reconnection fronts (RFs) embedded in the reconnection jet can be host to radial nulls. However, observational evidence for radial nulls near the RFs remains elusive hitherto, owing to the absence of an efficient null-detection method and high-resolution measurements. Here we present such evidence by using the newly developed First-Order Taylor Expansion method and the high-resolution measurements from the recent MMS mission. For the first time, we confirm the existence of radial nulls near the RFs and find that the upstream region ahead of the RFs can preferentially host the radial nulls. The reconstructed topologies of the observed radial nulls are consistent with theoretical models. Associated with these radial nulls, no clear particle and wave activities were found, meaning that they were inactive during the observations.
Identifying Young Stellar Objects in the Outer Galaxy: l = 224° Region in Canis Major
Authors: Sewiło Marta , Whitney Barbara A. , Yung Bosco H. K. , Robitaille Thomas P. , Elia Davide , Indebetouw Remy , Schisano Eugenio , Szczerba Ryszard , Karska Agata , Wiseman Jennifer , Babler Brian , Boyer Martha L. , Fischer William J. , Meade Marilyn , Olmi Luca , Padgett Deborah , Siódmiak Natasza
Published: February 2019

We study a very young star-forming region in the outer Galaxy that is the most concentrated source of outflows in the Spitzer Space Telescope GLIMPSE360 survey. This region, dubbed CMa–l224, is located in the Canis Major OB1 association. CMa–l224 is relatively faint in the mid-infrared, but it shines brightly at the far-infrared wavelengths as revealed by the Herschel Space Observatory data from the Hi-GAL survey. Using the 3.6 and 4.5 μm data from the Spitzer/GLIMPSE360 survey, combined with the JHK

s
Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and the 70–500 μm Herschel/Hi-GAL data, we develop young stellar object (YSO) selection criteria based on color–color cuts and fitting of the YSO candidates’ spectral energy distributions with YSO 2D radiative transfer models. We identify 293 YSO candidates and estimate physical parameters for 210 sources well fit with YSO models. We select an additional 47 sources with GLIMPSE360-only photometry as “possible YSO candidates.” The vast majority of these sources are associated with high H2 column density regions and are good targets for follow-up studies. The distribution of YSO candidates at different evolutionary stages with respect to Herschel filaments supports the idea that stars are formed in the filaments and become more dispersed with time. Both the supernova-induced and spontaneous star formation scenarios are plausible in the environmental context of CMa–l224. However, our results indicate that a spontaneous gravitational collapse of filaments is a more likely scenario. The methods developed for CMa–l224 can be used for larger regions in the Galactic plane where the same set of photometry is available.
Extended Calculations of Energy Levels and Transition Rates of Nd ii-iv Ions for Application to Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Gaigalas Gediminas , Kato Daiji , Rynkun Pavel , Radžiūtė Laima , Tanaka Masaomi
Published: February 2019

The coalescence of a binary neutron star gives rise to electromagnetic emission, known as a kilonova, that is powered by radioactive decays of r-process nuclei. Observations of a kilonova associated with GW170817 provide a unique opportunity to study heavy element synthesis in the universe. However, the atomic data of r-process elements are not yet complete enough to decipher the light curves and spectral features of kilonovae. In this paper, we perform extended atomic calculations of neodymium (Nd, Z = 60) to study the impact of the accuracy in atomic calculations on astrophysical opacities. By employing multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods, we calculate the energy levels and transition data of electric dipole transitions for Nd ii, Nd iii, and Nd iv ions. Compared with previous calculations, our new results provide better agreement with the experimental data. The energy level accuracies achieved in the present work are 10%, 3%, and 11% for Nd ii, Nd iii, and Nd iv, respectively, compared to the NIST database. We confirm that the overall properties of the opacity are not significantly affected by the accuracies of the atomic calculations. The impact on the Planck mean opacity is up to a factor of 1.5, which affects the timescale of kilonovae by at most 20%. However, we find that the wavelength-dependent features in the opacity are affected by the accuracies of the calculations. We emphasize that accurate atomic calculations, in particular for low-lying energy levels, are important to provide predictions of kilonova light curves and spectra.
Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Scoring System for Sacroiliitis in Juvenile Spondyloarthritis/Enthesitis-related Arthritis: A Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness Study
Authors: Panwar Jyoti , Tse Shirley M.L. , Lim Lillian , Tolend Mirkamal A. , Radhakrishnan Shilpa , Salman Muayad , Moineddin Rahim , Doria Andrea S. , Stimec Jennifer
Published: February 2019

Objective.

Intra- and interreader reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system were investigated for scoring sacroiliitis in patients with juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA)/enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) who have received biologic and/or nonbiologic treatment.

Methods.

Ninety whole-body MRI examinations with dedicated oblique coronal planes of the sacroiliac joints in 46 patients were independently reviewed and scored by 2 pediatric musculoskeletal radiologists, blinded to clinical details, using the SPARCC system. Intra- and interreader reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Construct validity testing was done by (1) correlating the SPARCC MRI scores of sacroiliitis with clinical disease activity indicators (cross-sectional validity), and (2) correlating the change in the MRI score with the change in clinical indicators before and after treatment (longitudinal validity). Responsiveness of the MRI and clinical indicators was also evaluated, grouped by biologic and nonbiologic treatment.

Results.

When applied in children with JSpA/ERA, the SPARCC showed almost perfect intra- and interreader reliability (ICC 0.79–1.00). There was poor cross-sectional and longitudinal correlation between clinical assessment indicators and MRI scoring. SPARCC scores showed higher responsiveness to treatment-related change than most clinical outcome measures. Three clinical outcome measures correlated longitudinally with SPARCC score in nonbiologic treatment: active joint count (r = 0.72, p < 0.001), FABER (Flexion, Abduction, External Rotation) test (r = 0.58, p = 0.012), and physician’s global assessment (r = 0.61, p = 0.034).

Conclusion.

The SPARCC MRI scoring system is a reliable tool with relatively higher responsiveness than clinical indicators and is suitable for objective quantification of sacroiliitis when applied to pediatric patients with JSpA/ERA.
Understanding Nonadherence with Hydroxychloroquine Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Liu Lucy H. , Fevrier Helene B. , Goldfien Robert , Hemmerling Anke , Herrinton Lisa J.
Published: February 2019

Objective.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a cornerstone to managing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet adherence to medication is poor. We sought to measure the association of adherence with 5 “dimensions of adherence” as articulated by the World Health Organization for chronic conditions: the patient’s socioeconomic status, and patient-, condition-, therapy-, and healthcare system–related factors. Our longterm goal is to generate evidence to design effective interventions to increase adherence.

Methods.

The retrospective cohort study included Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients ≥ 18 years old during 2006–2014, with SLE and ≥ 2 consecutive prescriptions for HCQ. Adherence was calculated from the medication possession ratio and dichotomized as < 80% versus ≥ 80%. Predictor variables were obtained from the electronic medical record and census data. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted OR and 95% CI.

Results.

The study included 1956 patients. Only 58% of patients had adherence ≥ 80%. In adjusted analyses, socioeconomic variables did not predict adherence. Increasing age (65–89 yrs compared with ≤ 39 yrs: OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.07–1.93), white race (p < 0.05), and the number of rheumatology visits in the year before baseline (≥ 3 compared with 0 or 1: OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.18–1.83) were positively associated with adherence. The rheumatologist and medical center providing care were not associated with adherence.

Conclusion.

At our setting, as in other settings, about half of patients with SLE were not adherent to HCQ therapy. Differences in adherence by race/ethnicity suggest the possibility of using tailored interventions to increase adherence. Qualitative research is needed to elucidate patient preferences for adherence support.
Toward a Core Outcome Measurement Set for Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Report from the OMERACT 2018 Special Interest Group
Authors: Owen Claire E. , Yates Max , Twohig Helen , Muller Sara , Neill Lorna M. , Harrison Eileen , Shea Beverley , Simon Lee S. , Hill Catherine L. , Mackie Sarah L.
Published: February 2019

Objective.

To report the progress of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) Working Group in selecting candidate instruments for a core outcome measurement set.

Methods.

A systematic literature review identified outcomes measured and instruments used in PMR studies, and a respondent survey and raw data analysis assessed their domain match and feasibility.

Results.

Candidate instruments were identified for pain [visual analog scale/numerical rating scale (VAS/NRS)], stiffness (VAS/NRS and duration), and physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index/modified Health Assessment Questionnaire). Domain match and feasibility assessments were favorable; however, validation in PMR was lacking.

Conclusion.

Further assessment of candidate instruments is required prior to recommending a PMR core outcome measurement set.
L’inscription du territoire et des institutions dans le temps long
Authors: Pigé Benoît
Published: February 2019

Passer d’un temps court à un temps long, c’est passer d’un horizon où les rivages à atteindre sont discernables à un horizon où les rivages sont inconnus. Cette inconnaissance n’est pas tant liée à l’évolution de l’environnement et à la mesure de ses grandeurs caractéristiques qu’aux comportements des acteurs et des parties prenantes de l’organisation. La prospective dans un temps qui dépasse la vie humaine des acteurs actuels est donc un exercice irréaliste. Mais, cet exercice permet de s’affranchir des présupposés qui, habituellement, contraignent les actions des acteurs. L’important n’est plus, alors, la réalisation de l’objectif, mais la possibilité de se dégager de contraintes jugées indépassables. Si l’on s’éloigne de la vision mécanique classique, où l’aboutissement de tout processus peut être parfaitement planifié à l’avance, et si l’on s’aventure dans une vision plus quantique où il subsiste toujours une part d’indétermination, la question centrale de la gouvernance des organisations devient la recherche des institutions, des normes, des processus qui permettent la transformation de l’incertitude en opportunité pour la recherche d’un bien commun en partie indéfinissable ex ante .
Les familles d’accueil de proximité : regard québécois sur ce dispositif d’accueil
Authors: Poirier Marie-Andrée , Hélie Sonia , Lamothe Josianne
Published: February 2019

Au Québec, comme ailleurs dans le monde, il est de plus en plus privilégié de recourir à des « personnes significatives » (PS) comme milieu de placement. De façon explicite, la Loi québécoise de la protection de la jeunesse (LPJ) stipule clairement que lorsque le maintien de l’enfant dans son milieu familial n’est pas possible, on doit favoriser le placement auprès d’une PS. On observe depuis 2007 que le taux d’enfants placés auprès d’une PS est maintenant de près d’un sur trois. L’objectif de cet article est de dresser, à partir de données administratives et d’entrevues téléphoniques structurées, le portrait des enfants québécois confiés à des PS, ainsi que le rôle de ce type d’accueil familial dans leurs trajectoires de placement.
Outcomes of Uncemented Versus Cemented Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Schoch Bradley , Aibinder William , Walters Jordan , Sperling John , Throckmorton Thomas , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , Duquin Thomas
Published: February 2019

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) is traditionally performed with cemented humeral fixation. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of cemented and cementless RSA for PHF. Between 2010 and 2014, 38 acute PHFs were treated with RSA and followed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 37 months; range, 24–66 months). The mean time from fracture to RSA was 7 days (range, 1–30 days). Humeral stems were cemented in 19 shoulders and uncemented in 19 shoulders. Outcome measures included visual analog scale pain scores, range of motion, postoperative Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, and radiographic parameters. The 2 groups had similar visual analog scale pain scores, postoperative range of motion, and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores (
P
>.05). American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores and satisfaction scores were significantly higher with cemented humeral fixation (76.3 vs 48.0,
P
=.005; 1.2 vs 1.8,
P
=.04). Radiographically, there was no difference in terms of tuberosity healing, component loosening, or notching (
P
>.05). Reverse shoulder arthroplasty provides pain relief for PHF, regardless of humeral fixation. In this cohort, cementless fixation was associated with worse patient-reported outcomes, although no correlation could be established with pain, motion, or tuberosity healing. Further studies are required before cementless fixation can be recommended for RSA for fracture. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(2):e236–e241.]
Comparison of Curved and Straight Anchor Insertion for Bankart Repair
Authors: Grieshober Jason A. , Palmer Jeremiah E. , Kim Hyunchul , Jaffe Jonathan T. , Paryavi Ebrahim , Hasan S. Ashfaq , Henn R. Frank
Published: February 2019

The quality of Bankart repair may be compromised by the presence of glenoid perforation during suture anchor placement. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of glenoid perforation and biomechanical strength of antero-inferior suture anchors placed with a curved vs a traditional straight technique through an anteroinferior portal. Ten bilateral pairs of fresh human cadaveric shoulders were randomized to either a curved or a straight suture anchor insertion technique. An anteroinferior portal was used to place a 1.5-mm soft anchor in the anteroinferior glenoid (5:30 position for right shoulders). Anatomic dissection was performed, and the maximum load of each anchor was measured using a materials testing system. The overall rate of glenoid perforation by the anteroinferior anchor was 50%. The rate of glenoid perforation was 40% in the straight group and 60% in the curved group (
P
=.41). The median maximum load was 86 N in the straight group and 137 N in the curved group (
P
=.23). The median maximum load of the anchors that did perforate the glenoid was 102 N and of those that did not was 118 N (
P
=.72). The mode of failure was suture anchor pullout in all except one specimen. The curved guide was not superior to the traditional straight guide in terms of the rate of glenoid perforation or the maximum load of the suture anchors. Anterior cortical perforation of the glenoid during anteroinferior suture anchor placement is common with both techniques. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(2):e242–e246.]
Violeta Parra: procesos de reconocimiento y formas de consagración en una trayectoria de artista
Authors: Facuse Marisol , Villagordo Eric , Moreno Juan Enrique Serrano
Published: February 2019

Violeta Parra est aujourd'hui l'une des artistes chiliennes les plus internationalement reconnues. Néanmoins, l'étendue de son travail a été à peine analysée et reconnue par la culture dominante, tant dans les milieux artistiques qu'académiques. Nous proposons une série d'hypothèses, formulées à partir de la sociologie de l'art et de la culture, pour expliquer ce fait, cherchant à rendre compte de la singularité d'une trajectoire à la fois artistique et sociale. Sa situation de paysanne et la faible institutionnalisation du champ artistique chilien de son époque ont amené V. Parra à se lancer dans une carrière d'artiste où des éléments disparates, de différentes géographies et époques, ont été fusionnés dans le cadre d'un objectif mondial d'émancipation et d'autodétermination de la culture chilienne. Sur la base de ces hypothèses, nous présentons et discutons les textes qui composent ce numéro spécial.
Cardiac Arrest After Cardiac Surgery: An Evidence-Based Resuscitation Protocol
Authors: Michaelis Patrick , Leone Richard J.
Published: February 2019

More than 250 000 cardiac surgical procedures are performed annually in the United States. Postoperative cardiac arrest rates range from 0.7% to 5.2%. This article reviews current evidence for cardiac arrest resuscitation after cardiac surgery. The evaluation included resuscitation guidelines and 22 studies identified through a MEDLINE search. Evidence-based resuscitation differs from advanced cardiovascular life support guidelines. European Resuscitation Council guidelines include correcting reversible causes of arrest, applying defibrillation/pacing before external cardiopulmonary resuscitation, resternotomy within 5 minutes if electrical therapies fail, and restricting epinephrine use to avoid rebound hypertension. A 2017 Society of Thoracic Surgeons protocol derived from European Resuscitation Council guidelines is now standard of care in the United States. Evidence-based practices can improve survival and reduce resternotomy rates. This article describes the clinical implementation of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons guidelines.
Phlebitis in Intravenous Amiodarone Administration: Incidence and Contributing Factors
Authors: Oragano Carol Ann , Patton Declan , Moore Zena
Published: February 2019

Background

Intravenous amiodarone is the gold-standard treatment for arrhythmias, but phlebitis is a common adverse effect.

Objectives

To determine the incidence and contributing factors of amiodarone-induced phlebitis and examine phlebitis severity.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted of articles published before February 2016 in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and gray databases (Bielefeld, Lenus, EUGrey, RIAN, and DART). All studies in which amiodarone-induced phlebitis was a primary or secondary outcome were included. Meta-analysis was not appropriate because of study heterogeneity. Studies of the same contributing factors were analyzed together.

Results

In the 20 included studies, phlebitis incidence ranged from 0% to 85%. Increasing the infusion concentration from 1.2 mg/mL to 1.8 mg/mL increased the phlebitis rate (P < .001). Total amiodarone doses greater than 1 g resulted in higher phlebitis rates than did doses less than 0.45 mg (P < .001). Most infusion durations and rates were not correlated with phlebitis incidence. However, phlebitis incidence was lower with bolus administration than with longer infusions (P = .002). The use of in-line filters and nursing guidelines significantly reduced phlebitis rates (P < .001) and phlebitis severity. The most common phlebitis severity grades, in descending order, were 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Conclusions

Understanding factors that increase the risk of amiodarone-induced phlebitis can guide better practice. In-line filters and nursing guidelines should always be implemented when administering intravenous amiodarone. Increased surveillance is required when higher dosages and concentrations are used.
Association Between Adverse Clinical Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Perioperative Blood Transfusions
Authors: Mirzaei Sahereh , Hershberger Patricia E. , DeVon Holli A.
Published: February 2019

Background

Bleeding is a serious complication of coronary artery bypass grafting that often leads to blood transfusion. Approximately 50% of patients who have the surgery receive blood products, and blood transfusions play a role in adverse outcomes after the surgery.

Objective

To examine the association between perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative adverse outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature, via the matrix method of quality evaluation, was conducted. PubMed, CINAHL, and Science Direct databases for 2000 through 2016 were searched. Inclusion criteria were articles published in English and original research related to clinical outcomes of blood transfusion after coronary artery bypass grafting. Seventeen articles were included in the review.

Results

Mortality, both short- and long-term, was significantly higher in transfusion patients than in nontransfusion patients. Patients with transfusion of red blood cells had higher resource utilization and more complications, including infection, pneumonia, renal failure, graft occlusion, and atrial fibrillation, than did nontransfusion patients.

Conclusion

An association exists between red blood cell transfusions and adverse clinical outcomes for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Transfusion of red blood cells is sometimes unnecessary, may be injurious, and should be used cautiously. Even a single-unit increase in perioperative red blood cell transfusions can have a significant adverse impact on outcomes. Individual benefits and risks should be weighed before transfusion to avoid adverse outcomes. Transfusion guidelines should be reviewed to include the latest evidence to guarantee the most appropriate use of blood products.
Harmony as an Ethical and Political Idea
Authors: ULE Andrej
Published: February 2019

Although the idea of harmony is one of the basic Confucian ideas, two of its key classic authors, Mengzi and Xunzi, emphasised either the ethical-personal or socio-political aspects, respectively, and this contrast was only maintained and deepened in later Chinese history. The socio-political considerations of harmony often considers an ideal state of community to be static, with social and ethical states being preserved, rather than dynamic. On the other hand, personal and spiritual harmony was valued by artists and autonomous thinkers, which often found themselves in conflict with the state. However, an open conflict between these two lines of thought very seldom if at all appeared in traditional China, and thus the differences often remained implicit. A self-cultivated individual without external social support was condemned to social isolation and personal defeat. Even among contemporary Chinese Marxist politicians and theorists, the idea of a “harmonious society” follows Xunzi’s rather legalist emphasis, even if (in Marx view) the term “social harmony” stands for some surface phenomena of seemingly harmonious societal interrelationship, covering up the brutal reality of social and economic contradictions. I argue that not only in China, but also elsewhere, a better balance is needed between the personal and the social ideas of harmony. However, manifesting harmony can become something worthwhile only if it becomes a part of a broader project, namely that of active solidarity based on the reciprocal and universal cultivation of personal dignity and virtuous humaneness.
Crime e violência no Brasil: representações socioculturais na pós-modernidade
Authors: Sohngen Clarice , Cipriani Marcelli
Published: February 2019

Este artigo visa a abordar algumas representações socioculturais sobre o crime e a violência no Brasil contemporâneo. Nesse sentido, são feitas reflexões acerca do espraiamento do medo coletivo, destacando-se sua relação com a segregação sócio-espacial. Analisa-se, então, a constituição de sociabilidades diferentes em espaços segregados, como elemento que influi nas representações coletivamente produzidas. Por fim, se investiga algumas das respostas sociais à generalização do medo, que perpassam pela produção de discursos reativos à violência que, não raro, também são violentos. Assim, se busca abordar aspectos que se imbricam, quanto aos fenômenos criminais contemporâneos, nas manifestações socioculturais – que é articulada, no trabalho, pelo apontamento de tendências mais amplas do momento histórico – representado pela pós-modernidade – a partir de como se expressam no contexto brasileiro.
Violencia interpersonal y arrogancia neutralista. Un abordaje ético-epistemológico sobre la argumentación y la objetividad
Authors: Christiansen María Luján
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem interdisciplinar sobre a violência interpessoal entendida como um fenômeno complexo e multidimensional. Como inicialmente expostos, há uma ampla visão socialmente compartilhado na ideia de que conflitos de interação só pode ser resolvido por meio de práticas de conversação racionais, com base no argumento. No entanto, existem alguns estilos argumentativos que funcionam mais como uns motores de violência epistemológica. Tais estilos de plotagem (chamado de "vertiginosa") estão intimamente relacionados com a pretensão de neutralidade que os participantes adoptem em disputas, trazendo o campo da comunicação as prerrogativas do princípio de objetividade da ciência (e derivado de uma aplicação indiscriminada da lei do terceiro excluído para as áreas de compreensão do comportamento humano). O principal objetivo das reflexões aqui apresentadas é mostrar que o exercício argumento tem implicações avaliativas e cognitivas, no sentido de que tanto a defesa eo ataque das razões que validam o conhecimento, representam formas de relação social pode seja profundamente desqualificante e desvalorizando os motivos alegados pelos Outros. Se assim for, ele requer uma abordagem filosófica para retomar o problema da violência relacional a partir de um diálogo profundo entre a epistemologia, a ética e ciências sociais.
Tim Maia Racional Vols. 1 & 2
Authors: Thayer Allen
Published: February 2019

At the height of Tim Maia’s soaring fame, he joined a radical, extraterrestrial-obsessed cult and created two plus albums of some of Brazil’s—and the globe’s—best funk and soul music. This book explores the career of the man often hailed as the James Brown or Barry White of Brazil, and the time of his radical transformation from a musician notorious for hedonistic living to a devoted follower of Manoel Jacinto Coelho’s Rational Culture.

After suddenly joining Coelho’s cult in 1974 (which started first as an offshoot of the mystical Afro-Brazilian religion Umbanda), Maia gave up drugs and alcohol, threw away his material possessions, and released Racional Vols. 1 & 2 in the attempt to convert the entirety of Brazil and the world to the revelation of Rational Culture. Thayer explores this strange, brief, yet incredibly prolific period of Maia’s life wherein the reigning soul and funk artist of Brazil produced two albums, an EP, and a recently unearthed tape containing almost another full album of funky jams laced with spiritual content and scripture. For just as quickly as Maia became entranced with Coelho did he become disillusioned with the cult, disavowing and destroying everything having to do with that experience and refusing to speak of it for the rest of his life.

33 1/3 Global, a series related to but independent from 33 1/3, takes the format of the original series of short, music-based books and brings the focus to music throughout the world. With initial volumes focusing on Japanese and Brazilian music, the series will also include volumes on the popular music of Australia/Oceania, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and more.
Drive-By Truckers' Southern Rock Opera
Authors: Fertel Rien
Published: February 2019

The Drive-By Truckers' Southern Rock Opera takes listeners on a road trip through the American South, with stops along mean old highways and soul-sucking swamps, iconic recording studios and doomed chartered jets, and even Heaven and Hell. Along the way, the Truckers attempt to untangle the mess that is southern history by exploring the contradictory, dualistic nature of the region.

Like twin paths intersecting and diverging before meeting again, the opera's libretto focuses on the lives of two bands: the fictional Betamax Guillotine, a stand-in for the Truckers themselves, and Southern rock gods Lynyrd Skynyrd. Rien Fertel takes us for a ride along the Truckers' winding road through the opera's Southlands, a region filled with youthful rockstar aspirations, fatal crashes, the wreckage of one band gone too soon, and the ambitions of another wrestling with the great hope and tragedy that is America.
Modern Records, Maverick Methods
Authors: Bennett Samantha
Published: February 2019

From the Fairlight CMI through MIDI to the digital audio workstations at the turn of the millennium, Modern Records, Maverick Methods examines a critical period in commercial popular music record production: the transformative digital age from the late 1970s until 2000.

Drawing on a discography of more than 300 recordings across pop, rock, hip hop, dance and alternative musics from artists such as the Beastie Boys, Madonna, U2 and Fatboy Slim, and extensive and exclusive ethnographic work with many world-renowned recordists, Modern Records presents a fresh and insightful new perspective on one of the most significant eras in commercial music record production.

The book traces the development of significant music technologies through the 1980s and 1990s, revealing how changing attitudes and innovative techniques of recording personnel reimagined recording processes and, finally, exemplifies the impact of these technologies and techniques via six comprehensive tech-processual analyses. This meticulously researched and timely book reveals the complexity of recordists’ responses to a technological landscape in flux.
Discriminating between clouds and aerosols in the CALIOP version 4.1 data products
Authors: Liu Zhaoyan , Kar Jayanta , Zeng Shan , Tackett Jason , Vaughan Mark , Avery Melody , Pelon Jacques , Getzewich Brian , Lee Kam-Pui , Magill Brian , Omar Ali , Lucker Patricia , Trepte Charles , Winker David
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Cloud-Aerosol
Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Operations (CALIPSO) mission released
version 4.1 (V4) of their lidar level 2 cloud and aerosol data products in
November 2016. These new products were derived from the CALIPSO V4 lidar
level 1 data, in which the calibration of the measured backscatter data at
both 532 and 1064 nm was significantly improved. This paper describes
updates to the V4 level 2 cloud–aerosol discrimination (CAD) algorithm that
more accurately differentiate between clouds and aerosols throughout the
Earth's atmosphere. The level 2 data products are improved with new CAD
probability density functions (PDFs) that were developed to accommodate
extensive calibration changes in the level 1 data. To enable more reliable
identification of aerosol layers lofted into the upper troposphere and lower
stratosphere, the CAD training dataset used in the earlier data releases was
expanded to include stratospheric layers and representative examples of
volcanic aerosol layers. The generic “stratospheric layer” classification
reported in previous versions has been eliminated in V4, and cloud–aerosol
classification is now performed on all layers detected everywhere from the
surface to 30 km. Cloud–aerosol classification has been further extended to
layers detected at single-shot resolution, which were previously classified
by default as clouds. In this paper, we describe the underlying rationale
used in constructing the V4 PDFs and assess the performance of the V4 CAD
algorithm in the troposphere and stratosphere. Previous misclassifications of
lofted dust and smoke in the troposphere have been largely improved, and
volcanic aerosol layers and aerosol layers in the stratosphere are now being
properly classified. CAD performance for single-shot layer detections is also
evaluated. Most of the single-shot layers classified as aerosol occur within
the dust belt, as may be expected. Due to changes in the 532 nm calibration
coefficients, the V4 feature finder detects ∼9.0 % more features at
night and ∼2.5 % more during the day. These features are typically
weakly scattering and classified about equally as clouds and aerosols. For
those tropospheric layers detected in both V3 and V4, the CAD classifications
of more than 95 % of all cloud and daytime aerosol layers remain
unchanged, as do the classifications of ∼89 % of nighttime aerosol
layers. Overall, the nighttime net cloud and aerosol fractions remain
unchanged from V3 to V4, but the daytime net aerosol fraction is increased by
about 2 % and the daytime net cloud fraction is decreased by about
2 %.
A new MesosphEO data set of temperature profiles from 35 to 85 km using Rayleigh scattering at limb from GOMOS/ENVISAT daytime observations
Authors: Hauchecorne Alain , Blanot Laurent , Wing Robin , Keckhut Philippe , Khaykin Sergey , Bertaux Jean-Loup , Meftah Mustapha , Claud Chantal , Sofieva Viktoria
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Given that the
scattering of sunlight by the Earth's atmosphere above 30–35 km is
primarily due to molecular Rayleigh scattering, the intensity of scattered
photons can be assumed to be directly proportional to the atmospheric
density. From the measured relative density profile it is possible to
retrieve an absolute temperature profile by assuming local hydrostatic
equilibrium, the perfect gas law, and an a priori temperature from a
climatological model at the top of the atmosphere. This technique has been
applied to Rayleigh lidar observations for over 35 years. The GOMOS star
occultation spectrometer includes spectral channels used to observe daytime
limb scattered sunlight along the line of sight to a reference star. GOMOS
Rayleigh scattering profiles in the spectral range of 420–480 nm have been
used to retrieve temperature profiles between 35 and 85 km with a 2 km
vertical resolution. Using this technique, a database of more than
309 000 temperature profiles has been created from GOMOS measurements. A global climatology was constructed using the new GOMOS database and is
compared to an external model. In the upper stratosphere, the external model
is based on the ECMWF reanalysis and the agreement with GOMOS is better
than 2 K. In the mesosphere the external model follows the MSIS climatology
and 5 to 10 K differences are observed with respect to the GOMOS
temperature profiles. Comparisons to night-time collocated Rayleigh lidar
profiles above the south of France show some vertical structured temperature
differences, which may be partially explained by the contributions of the
thermal diurnal tide. The equatorial temperature series shows clear examples of mesospheric
inversion layers in the temperature profiles. The inversion layers have
global longitudinal extension and temporal evolution, descending from 80 to
70 km over the course of a month. The climatology shows a semi-annual
temperature variation in the upper stratosphere, a stratopause altitude
varying between 47 and 54 km, and an annual variation in the temperatures of
the mesosphere. The technique that derive temperature profiles from Rayleigh
limb scattering can be applied to any other limb-scatter sounder, providing
that the observations are in the spectral range 350–500 nm. Due to the
simplicity of the principles involved, this technique is also a good
candidate for a future missions where constellations of small satellites are
deployed.
Pyrite oxidization accelerates bacterial carbon sequestration in copper mine tailings
Authors: Li Yang , Wu Zhaojun , Dong Xingchen , Xu Zifu , Zhang Qixin , Su Haiyan , Jia Zhongjun , Sun Qingye
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Polymetallic mine tailings have great potential as carbon sequestration tools
to stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, previous
studies focused on carbonate mineral precipitation, whereas the role of
autotrophic bacteria in mine tailing carbon sequestration has been neglected.
In this study, carbon sequestration in two samples of mine tailings treated
with FeS2 was evaluated using 13C isotope, pyrosequencing
and DNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP) analyses to identify carbon
fixers. Mine tailings treated with FeS2 exhibited a higher percentage
of 13C atoms (1.76±0.06 % for Yangshanchong and 1.36±0.01 % for Shuimuchong) than did controls over a 14-day incubation,
which emphasized the role of autotrophs in carbon sequestration with pyrite
addition. Pyrite treatment also led to changes in the composition of
bacterial communities, and several autotrophic bacteria increased, including
Acidithiobacillus and Sulfobacillus. Furthermore, pyrite
addition increased the relative abundance of the dominant genus
Sulfobacillus by 8.86 % and 5.99 % in Yangshanchong and
Shuimuchong samples, respectively. Furthermore, DNA SIP results indicated a
8.20–16.50 times greater gene copy number for cbbL than
cbbM in 13C-labeled heavy fractions, and a
Sulfobacillus-like cbbL gene sequence (cbbL-OTU1) accounted
for 30.11 %–34.74 % of all cbbL gene sequences in
13C-labeled heavy fractions of mine tailings treated with
FeS2. These findings highlight the importance of the cbbL
gene in bacterial carbon sequestration and demonstrate the ability of
chemoautotrophs to sequester carbon during sulfide mineral oxidation in mine
tailings. This study is the first to investigate carbon sequestration by
autotrophic bacteria in mine tailings through the use of isotope tracers and
DNA SIP.