bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain after oral surgery
Authors: Coulthard P. , Bailey E. , Patel N.
Published: December 2013

Aim

To describe the role of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in the management of pain after oral surgery.

Materials and methods

A review of the literature describing the pharmacokinetics, benefits and harms of paracetamol in terms of systematic review evidence, interactions, use in children, pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Results

Paracetamol inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)‐3 isoenzyme and reduces prostanoid release in the central nervous system. The analgesic effectiveness of paracetamol in the control of pain after oral surgery has been shown in a number of clinical trials with a number needed to treat for 1 g paracetamol of 1.87. There are few adverse events, but at toxic doses, harm to the liver may arise and paracetamol poisoning remains the commonest cause of acute liver injury in Europe and North America.

Conclusions

Paracetamol is an effective analgesic for mild to moderate pain and has an excellent safety record in adults and children. It is also one of the safest analgesics to use if needed during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
The Location of US States' Overseas Offices
Authors: Cassey Andrew J.
Published: December 2013

Forty US states operated an overseas office in 2002. Treating overseas offices as sales offices, the model assumes offices facilitate exports by reducing the transaction cost of selling abroad. From theory, states operate an office if aggregate savings outweigh operating costs. Exploiting the differences in where states locate offices in the data, and controlling for aggregate characteristics, the paper estimates the impact of exports on the probability of an office existing. In addition, the average state savings from an office is 0.04–0.10% of exports, with a cut‐off threshold of US$850 million.
Simvastatin inhibits transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced expression of type I collagen, CTGF, and α‐SMA in keloid fibroblasts
Authors: Mun Je‐Ho , Kim Young‐Mi , Kim Byung‐Soo , Kim Jae‐Ho , Kim Moon‐Bum , Ko Hyun‐Chang
Published: December 2013

Simvastatin, a 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme‐A reductase inhibitor, is used to reduce cholesterol levels. Accumulating evidence has revealed the immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects of simvastatin that prevent cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the beneficial effects of statins on fibrosis of various organs have been reported. However, the functional effect of statins on dermal fibrosis of keloids has not yet been explored. The objective of this study was to determine whether simvastatin could affect dermal fibrosis associated with keloids. We examined the effect of simvastatin on transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1‐induced production of type I collagen, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF or CCN2), and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Keloid fibroblasts were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of simvastatin in the presence of TGF‐β1, and the effects of simvastatin on TGF‐β1‐induced collagen and CTGF production in keloid fibroblasts were determined. The type I collagen, CTGF, and α‐SMA expression levels and the Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation levels were assessed by Western blotting. The effect of simvastatin on cell viability was evaluated by assessing the colorimetric conversion of 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Simvastatin suppressed TGF‐β1‐induced type I collagen, CTGF, and α‐SMA production in a concentration‐dependent manner. The TGF‐β1‐induced Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation levels were abrogated by simvastatin pretreatment. The inhibition of type I collagen, CTGF, and α‐SMA expression by simvastatin was reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, suggesting that the simvastatin‐induced cellular responses were due to inhibition of small GTPase Rho involvement. A RhoA activation assay showed that preincubation with simvastatin significantly blocked TGF‐β1‐induced RhoA activation. The Rho‐associated coiled kinase inhibitor Y27632 abrogated TGF‐β1‐induced production of type I collagen, CTGF, and α‐SMA. However, Y27632 had no significant effect on TGF‐β1‐induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. In conclusion, the present study suggests that simvastatin is an effective inhibitor of TGF‐β1‐induced type I collagen, CTGF, and α‐SMA production in keloid fibroblasts.
Modular Koszul duality
Authors: Riche Simon , Soergel Wolfgang , Williamson Geordie
Published: December 2013

We prove an analogue of Koszul duality for category$ \mathcal{O} $of a reductive group$G$in positive characteristic$\ell $larger than$1$plus the number of roots of$G$. However, there are no Koszul rings, and we do not prove an analogue of the Kazhdan–Lusztig conjectures in this context. The main technical result is the formality of the dg-algebra of extensions of parity sheaves on the flag variety if the characteristic of the coefficients is at least the number of roots of$G$plus$2$.
A Comparative Study of Carbide Tools in Drilling of CFRP and CFRP-Ti Stacks
Authors: Park Kyung-Hee , Beal Aaron , (Dae-Wook) Kim Dave , Kwon Patrick , Lantrip Jeff
Published: December 2013

A comparative study was conducted to investigate the resulting tool wear and hole quality when drilling the stacks made of titanium (Ti) and carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) versus CFRP only plate using micrograin tungsten carbide (WC) twist drills. The experiments were designed to first drill CFRP alone to create 20 holes. Then, CFRP mechanically stacked with Ti was drilled for the next 20 holes with the same drill bit. This process was repeated until drill bit failure. The drilling experiment was performed at two distinct speeds. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) were used for tool wear analysis. Hole size, hole profile, surface roughness, and Ti burrs were analyzed using coordinate measuring system, surface profilometer and optical microscope. The experimental results indicate that the Ti drilling accelerated flank wear while CFRP drilling deteriorated the cutting edge. Entry delamination, hole diameter errors, and surface roughness of the CFRP plate became more pronounced during the drilling of CFRP-Ti stacks when compared with the results from the drilling of CFRP only. Damage to CFRP holes during CFRP-Ti stack drilling may be caused by Ti chips, Ti adhesion on the tool drill margin or the increased instability as the drill bits wear.
Energy and Exergy Study of Effective Parameters on Performance of Photovoltaic/Thermal Natural Air Collectors
Authors: Gholampour M. , Ameri M.
Published: December 2013

Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system is a kind of solar system that converts solar energy to electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. In this paper, the effect of some parameters, such as packing factor, fin number, and fin height as well as environmental and dimensional parameters on the performance of the PV/T system with natural air flow from the energetic and exergetic viewpoint, has been studied. For this purpose, a theoretical model is developed and validated. Induced mass flow rate and PV temperature are well-predicted, compared with existing numerical data, available in the literature. It is found that thermal efficiency of the PV/T systems decreases slightly with the increase in packing factor, while PV efficiency increases sharply. The first-law efficiency and second-law efficiency of the system increase with the increase in the fin number and fin height. Also, results show that increasing exit diameter is a favorable factor from the first-law efficiency viewpoint, while it has an unfavorable effect on the second-law efficiency.
Guidelines for Volume Force Distributions Within Actuator Line Modeling of Wind Turbines on Large-Eddy Simulation-Type Grids
Authors: Jha Pankaj K. , Churchfield Matthew J. , Moriarty Patrick J. , Schmitz Sven
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work is to develop and test a set of general guidelines for choosing parameters to be used in the state-of-the-art actuator line method (ALM) for modeling wind turbine blades in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The actuator line method is being increasingly used for the computation of wake interactions in large wind farms in which fully blade-resolving simulations are expensive and require complicated rotating meshes. The focus is on actuator line behavior using fairly isotropic grids of low aspect ratio typically used for large-eddy simulation (LES). Forces predicted along the actuator lines need to be projected onto the flow field as body forces, and this is commonly accomplished using a volumetric projection. In this study, particular attention is given to the spanwise distribution of the radius of this projection. A new method is proposed where the projection radius varies along the blade span following an elliptic distribution. The proposed guidelines for actuator line parameters are applied to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) Phase VI rotor and the NREL 5-MW turbine. Results obtained are compared with available data and the blade-element code XTurb-PSU. It is found that the new criterion for the projection radius leads to improved prediction of blade tip loads for both blade designs.
Activity and Loading Influence the Predicted Bone Remodeling Around Cemented Hip Replacements
Authors: Dickinson Alexander S.
Published: December 2013

Periprosthetic bone remodeling is frequently observed after total hip replacement. Reduced bone density increases the implant and bone fracture risk, and a gross loss of bone density challenges fixation in subsequent revision surgery. Computational approaches allow bone remodeling to be predicted in agreement with the general clinical observations of proximal resorption and distal hypertrophy. However, these models do not reproduce other clinically observed bone density trends, including faster stabilizing mid-stem density losses, and loss-recovery trends around the distal stem. These may resemble trends in postoperative joint loading and activity, during recovery and rehabilitation, but the established remodeling prediction approach is often used with identical pre- and postoperative load and activity assumptions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of pre- to postoperative changes in activity and loading upon the predicted progression of remodeling. A strain-adaptive finite element model of a femur implanted with a cemented Charnley stem was generated, to predict 60 months of periprosthetic remodeling. A control set of model input data assumed identical pre- and postoperative loading and activity, and was compared to the results obtained from another set of inputs with three varying activity and load profiles. These represented activity changes during rehabilitation for weak, intermediate and strong recoveries, and pre- to postoperative joint force changes due to hip center translation and the use of walking aids. Predicted temporal bone density change trends were analyzed, and absolute bone density changes and the time to homeostasis were inspected, alongside virtual X-rays. The predicted periprosthetic bone density changes obtained using modified loading inputs demonstrated closer agreement with clinical measurements than the control. The modified inputs also predicted the clinically observed temporal density change trends, but still under-estimated density loss during the first three postoperative months. This suggests that other mechanobiological factors have an influence, including the repair of surgical micro-fractures, thermal damage and vascular interruption. This study demonstrates the importance of accounting for pre- to postoperative changes in joint loading and patient activity when predicting periprosthetic bone remodeling. The study's main weakness is the use of an individual patient model; computational expense is a limitation of all previously reported iterative remodeling analysis studies. However, this model showed sufficient computational efficiency for application in probabilistic analysis, and is an easily implemented modification of a well-established technique.
Complex Dynamics of Spring-Block Earthquake Model Under Periodic Parameter Perturbations
Authors: Kostić Srđan , Vasović Nebojša , Franović Igor , Todorović Kristina
Published: December 2013

A simple model of earthquake nucleation that may account for the onset of chaotic dynamics is proposed and analyzed. It represents a generalization of the Burridge–Knopoff single-block model with Dieterich–Ruina's rate- and state-dependent friction law. It is demonstrated that deterministic chaos may emerge when some of the parameters are assumed to undergo small oscillations about their equilibrium values. Implementing the standard numerical methods from the theory of dynamical systems, the analysis is carried out for the cases having one or two periodically variable parameters, such that the appropriate bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, power spectra, and the Lyapunov exponents are obtained. The results of analysis indicate two different scenarios to chaos. On one side, the Ruelle–Takens–Newhouse route to chaos is observed for the cases of limit amplitude perturbations. On the other side, when the angular frequency is assumed constant for the value near the periodic motion of the block in an unperturbed case, variation of oscillation amplitudes probably gives rise to global bifurcations, with immediate occurrence of chaotic behavior. Further analysis shows that chaotic behavior emerges only for small oscillation frequencies and higher perturbation amplitudes when two perturbed parameters are brought into play. If higher oscillation frequencies are assumed, no bifurcation occurs, and the system under study exhibits only the periodic motion. In contrast to the previous research, the onset of chaos is observed for much smaller values of the stress ratio parameter. In other words, even the relatively small perturbations of the control parameters could lead to deterministic chaos and, thus, to instabilities and earthquakes.
Low-temperature surface photovoltage in p-type GaN
Authors: McNamara Joy D. , Foussekis Michael , Baski Alison A. , Reshchikov Michael A.
Published: December 2013

The surface photovoltage (SPV) behavior for Mg-doped, p-type GaN was studied using a Kelvin probe at temperatures from 80 to 300 K. Under band-to-band UV illumination at room temperature, the measured SPV signal for p-type GaN becomes negative as electrons are swept to the surface. However at low temperatures, the SPV signal becomes positive under UV illumination, contrary to the SPV behavior of p-type GaN at room temperature. This positive SPV resembles the behavior of an n-type semiconductor. It is assumed that at low temperatures and under UV illumination, the concentration of photogenerated electrons exceeds the concentration of free holes, leading to n-type conductivity. The positive SPV signal is caused by the alignment of a quasi-Fermi level for electrons with the Fermi level of the probe, since the band bending and its change under illumination are negligible at 80 K. Interestingly, the characteristic temperature at which this transition from p- to n-type SPV behavior occurs is dependent on illumination intensity. This effect is explained with a simple phenomenological model.
Rutile-structured TiO2 deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition using tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium precursor on in-situ oxidized Ru electrode
Authors: Pointet John , Gonon Patrice , Latu-Romain Lawrence , Bsiesy Ahmad , Vallée Christophe
Published: December 2013

In this work, tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium precursor as well as in-situ oxidized ruthenium bottom electrode were used to grow rutile-structured titanium dioxide thin layers by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition. Metal–insulator–metal capacitors have been elaborated in order to study the electrical properties of the device. It is shown that this process leads to devices exhibiting excellent results in terms of dielectric constant and leakage current.
Binaural advantages in users of bimodal and bilateral cochlear implant devices
Authors: Kokkinakis Kostas , Pak Natalie
Published: December 2013

This paper investigates to what extent users of bilateral and bimodal fittings should expect to benefit from all three different binaural advantages found to be present in normal-hearing listeners. Head-shadow and binaural squelch are advantages occurring under spatially separated speech and noise, while summation emerges when speech and noise coincide in space. For 14 bilateral or bimodal listeners, speech reception thresholds in the presence of four-talker babble were measured in sound-field under various speech and noise configurations. Statistical analysis revealed significant advantages of head-shadow and summation for both bilateral and bimodal listeners. Squelch was significant only for bimodal listeners.
Transient Water Vapor at Europa’s South Pole
Authors: Roth Lorenz , Saur Joachim , Retherford Kurt D. , Strobel Darrell F. , Feldman Paul D. , McGrath Melissa A. , Nimmo Francis
Published: December 2013

Europa's Plumes

Jupiter's moon Europa has a subsurface ocean and a relatively young icy surface.

Roth
et al.

(p.
171
, published online 12 December 2013; see the Perspective by

Spencer

) analyzed spectral images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope that show ultraviolet emissions from the moon's atmosphere, and report a statistically significant emission signal extending above the satellite's southern hemisphere. This emission is consistent with two 200-km-high plumes of water vapor. Tidal stresses likely play a role in opening and closing fractures at the surface.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Alginate-Overproducing Variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1-VE2 and PAO1-VE13
Authors: Yin Yeshi , Withers T. Ryan , Niles Richard M. , Johnson Shannon L. , Yu Hongwei D.
Published: December 2013

The small envelope protein MucE and the sensor kinase KinB are a positive and negative alginate regulator, respectively. Here, we announce the draft genome sequences of the alginate-overproducing variants
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PAO1-VE2 (PAO1 with constitutive expression of
mucE
) and PAO1-VE13 (PAO1 with
kinB
inactivated). Both mutants were generated from a transposon mutagenesis screen.
Draft Genome Sequence of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp.
animalis
ChDC F324, Isolated from a Human Subgingival Plaque in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Park Soon-Nang , Cho Eugene , Kim Hwa-Sook , Kim Dae-Soo , Jung Jaeeun , Baek Jeong-Hun , Kyong Lim Yun , Jo Eojin , Chang Young-Hyo , Hwan Shin Jeong , Choi Sang-Haeng , Kang Jihee , Choi YongUn , Kong Si-Won , Han Sang-Eun , Park Hong-Seog , Kim Hongik , Kook Joong-Ki
Published: December 2013

Five subspecies of
Fusobacterium nucleatum
have been classified:
animalis
,
nucleatum
,
polymorphum
,
vincentii
, and
fusiforme
.
F. nucleatum
subsp.
animalis
ChDC F324 (KCOM 1325) was isolated from a human subgingival plaque in the Republic of Korea. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the strain.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Campylobacter coli Clinical Isolate 15-537360
Authors: Pearson Bruce M. , Rokney Assaf , Crossman Lisa C. , Miller William G. , Wain John , van Vliet Arnoud H. M.
Published: December 2013

Campylobacter coli
strain 15-537360 was originally isolated in 2001 from a 42-year-old patient with gastroenteritis. Here, we report its complete genome sequence, which comprises a 1.7-Mbp chromosome and a 29-kbp conjugative cryptic plasmid. This is the first complete genome sequence of a clinical isolate of
C. coli
.
Autolysis in Vibrio tubiashii and Vibrio coralliilyticus
Authors: Biel Frances M. , Allen Fred A. , Häse Claudia C.
Published: December 2013

Vibrio tubiashii has been linked to disease outbreaks in molluscan species, including oysters, geoducks, and clams, and shellfish hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest have been plagued by intermittent vibriosis outbreaks since 2006. Like V. tubiashii, Vibrio coralliilyticus has recently been described as an oyster pathogen in addition to its role in coral disease. Here, we describe an autolysis phenotype in V. tubiashii and its close relative V. coralliilyticus and characterize the effects of environmental conditions on this phenotype. We also explored whether the survivors of autolysis were resistant to the phenotype and if material from the autolysed culture would either regrow or have a population of viable cells. Ultimately, this work contributes to the larger understanding of bacterial population dynamics as it relates to aquaculture pathogens.
COMPLEX DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF A COUPLED NETWORK FROM INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES
Authors: TAN JINYING , ZOU XIUFEN
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we investigate the complex dynamical behaviors of a biological network that is derived from innate immune responses and that couples positive and negative feedback loops. The stability conditions of the non-negative equilibrium points (EPs) of the system are obtained, using the theory of dynamical systems, and we deduce that no more than three stable EPs exist in this system. Through bifurcation analysis and numerical simulations, we find that the system presents rich dynamical behaviors, such as monostability, bistability and oscillations. These results reveal how positive and negative feedback cooperatively regulate the dynamical behavior of the system.
LATTICE DYNAMICS IN RELATION TO CHAOS IN ZWANZIG-TYPE CHAINS
Authors: ŁAWRYNOWICZ JULIAN , NIEMCZYNOWICZ AGNIESZKA
Published: December 2013

The Zwanzig's procedure (1960) for the description of the system of coupled harmonic oscillators is applied to the chain of interacting oscillations in order to find the adsorption power function, which is then determined by two terms: (i) the classical term proportional to the radio-frequency function squared and (ii) the additional term linear with respect to the radio-frequency magnetic field amplitude. From the physical point of view the first term is usually considered in oscillator effect. The second term found in the present paper via Zwanzig's procedure seems to be induced by fluctuations due to stochastic distributions of the oscillatory precession phases. It reflects well the chaos as described in a fractal approach of the first author (2012, paper joint with M. Nowak-Kȩpczyk and O. Suzuki).
BIFURCATION BEHAVIORS OF THE TWO-STATE VARIABLE FRICTION LAW OF A ROCK MASS SYSTEM
Authors: XUEJUN GAO
Published: December 2013

Based on the stability and bifurcation theory of dynamical systems, the bifurcation behaviors and chaotic motions of the two-state variable friction law of a rock mass system are investigated by the bifurcation diagrams based on the continuation method and the Poincaré maps. The stick-slip of the rock mass is formulated as an initial values problem for an autonomous system of three coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of first order. The results of linear stability analysis indicate that there is an equilibrium position in the rock mass system. Furthermore, numerical results of nonlinear analysis indicate that the equilibrium position loses its stability from a sup-critical Hopf bifurcation point, and then the bifurcating periodic motion evolves into chaotic motion through a series of period-doubling bifurcations with the decreasing of the control parameter. The stick-slip and chaotic motions evolve into infinity in the end with some unstable periodic motions.
A NEW APPROACH IN THE SEARCH FOR PERIODIC ORBITS
Authors: COBIAGA ROMINA , REARTES WALTER
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we present a new approach for finding periodic orbits in dynamical systems modeled by differential equations. It is based on the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) but it differs from the usual way it is applied. We apply HAM to construct approximations of a formal series solution of the equation. These approximations exist for any value of the frequency. They can be obtained by choosing a suitable linear operator and allowing the initial conditions to vary freely. Then we study the behavior of the obtained expressions as a function of the frequency. This procedure allows us to find those values of the frequency for which the series converges and therefore to find the periodic orbits. We show several examples of application of the proposed method. Mathematica and MATCONT were applied for all the calculations.
PULLBACK ATTRACTORS FOR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH MULTIPLE VARIABLE DELAYS IN LIPSCHITZ NONLINEARITIES
Authors: CARABALLO TOMÁS , KISS GÁBOR , TANIGUCHI TAKESHI
Published: December 2013

We establish the results on the existence of pullback attractors for nonautonomous functional differential equations with multiple delays appearing within nonlinear Lipschitz terms. The results are complementary to recently presented findings in [Caraballo & Kiss, 2013a, 2013b], and they extend the class of nonlinearities to which existence results can be established by improving on a condition presented in [Caraballo & Kiss, 2013b].
Mechanical systems in the generalized Lie algebroids framework
Authors: Arcuş Constantin M.
Published: December 2013

Mechanical systems, called by use, mechanical (ρ, η)-systems, Lagrange mechanical (ρ, η)-systems or Finsler mechanical (ρ, η)-systems, are presented. The canonical (ρ, η)-semi(spray) associated to a mechanical (ρ, η)-system is obtained. New and important results are obtained in the particular case of Lie algebroids. The Lagrange mechanical (ρ, η)-systems are the spaces necessary to develop a new Lagrangian formalism. We obtain the (ρ, η)-semispray associated to a regular Lagrangian L and external force Feand we derive the equations of Euler–Lagrange type. So, a new solution for the Weinstein's problem in the general framework of generalized Lie algebroids is presented.
Integral calculus on quantum exterior algebras
Authors: Karaçuha Serkan , Lomp Christian
Published: December 2013

Hom-connections and associated integral forms have been introduced and studied by Brzeziński as an adjoint version of the usual notion of a connection in non-commutative geometry. Given a flat hom-connection on a differential calculus (Ω, d) over an algebra A yields the integral complex which for various algebras has been shown to be isomorphic to the non-commutative de Rham complex (in the sense of Brzeziński et al. [Non-commutative integral forms and twisted multi-derivations, J. Noncommut. Geom.4 (2010) 281–312]). In this paper we shed further light on the question when the integral and the de Rham complex are isomorphic for an algebra A with a flat Hom-connection. We specialize our study to the case where an n-dimensional differential calculus can be constructed on a quantum exterior algebra over an A-bimodule. Criteria are given for free bimodules with diagonal or upper-triangular bimodule structure. Our results are illustrated for a differential calculus on a multivariate quantum polynomial algebra and for a differential calculus on Manin's quantum n-space.
Late Variscan metamorphic and magmatic evolution in the eastern Pyrenees revealed by U–Pb age zircon dating
Authors: Aguilar Carmen , Liesa Montserrat , Castiñeiras Pedro , Navidad Marina
Published: December 2013

Variscan migmatites cropping out in the eastern Pyrenees were dated together with Late Variscan plutonic rocks. Upper Proterozoic–Lower Cambrian series were migmatized during a thermal episode that occurred in the interval 320–315 Ma coeval with the main Variscan deformation event (D
1
). The calc-alkaline Sant Llorenç–La Jonquera pluton and the gabbro–diorite Ceret stock were emplaced during a later thermal episode synchronous with the D
2
deformation event. A tonalite located at the base of La Jonquera suite intruded into the upper crustal levels between 314 and 311 Ma. The gabbro–diorite stock was emplaced in the middle levels of the series in two magmatic pulses at 312 and 307 Ma. The thermal evolution recorded in the eastern Pyrenees can be correlated with that of neighbouring areas of NE Iberia (Pyrenees–Catalan Coastal Ranges) and SE France (Montagne Noire). The correlation suggests a NW–SE-trending zonation where the northeasternmost areas (Montagne Noire and eastern Pyrenees) would occupy relatively more internal zones of the orogen than the southwesternmost ones.

Supplementary material:

Methods and U–Th–Pb isotopic and REE geochemical data for zircon are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18703
.
Development and entrainment of the colonic circadian clock during ontogenesis
Authors: Polidarová Lenka , Olejníková Lucie , Paušlyová Lucia , Sládek Martin , Soták Matúš , Pácha Jiří , Sumová Alena
Published: December 2013

Colonic morphology and function change significantly during ontogenesis. In mammals, many colonic physiological functions are temporally controlled by the circadian clock in the colon, which is entrained by the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The aim of this present study was to ascertain when and how the circadian clock in the colon develops during the perinatal period and whether maternal cues and/or the developing pup SCN may influence the ontogenesis of the colonic clock. Daily profiles of clock genes Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, Rev-erbα, Bmal1, and Clock expression in the colon underwent significant modifications since embryonic day 20 (E20) through postnatal days (P) 2, 10, 20, and 30 via changes in the mutual phasing among the individual clock gene expression rhythms, their relative phasing to the light-dark regime, and their amplitudes. An adult-like state was achieved around P20. The foster study revealed that during the prenatal period, the maternal circadian phase may partially modulate development of the colonic clock. Postnatally, the absence and/or presence of rhythmic maternal care affected the phasing of the clock gene expression profiles in pups at P10 and P20. A reversal in the colonic clock phase between P10 and P20 occurred in the absence of rhythmic signals from the pup SCN. The data demonstrate ontogenetic maturation of the colonic clock and stress the importance of prenatal and postnatal maternal rhythmic signals for its development. These data may contribute to the understanding of colonic function-related diseases in newborn children.
HIF and pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia
Authors: Shimoda Larissa A. , Laurie Steven S.
Published: December 2013

In the lung, acute reductions in oxygen lead to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, whereas prolonged exposures to hypoxia result in sustained vasoconstriction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Data from both human subjects and animal models implicate a role for hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), oxygen-sensitive transcription factors, in pulmonary vascular responses to both acute and chronic hypoxia. In this review, we discuss work from our laboratory and others supporting a role for HIF in modulating hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and mediating hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, identify some of the downstream targets of HIF, and assess the potential to pharmacologically target the HIF system.
Effect of age on the hemodynamic and sympathetic responses at the onset of isometric handgrip exercise
Authors: Lalande Sophie , Sawicki Carolyn P. , Baker Jacquie R. , Shoemaker J.Kevin
Published: December 2013

Cardiac and peripheral vasomotor factors contribute to the rapid pressor response at the onset of isometric handgrip exercise. We tested the hypothesis that age enhances the sympathetic and vasoconstrictor response at the onset of isometric handgrip exercise so that the pressor response is maintained, despite a diminished cardiac function. Twelve young and twelve older (24 ± 3 and 63 ± 8 yr) individuals performed 20-s isometric handgrip exercise at 30, 40, or 50% of maximal voluntary contraction force. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was measured using microneurography. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (Q̇) were assessed continuously by finger plethysmography and total peripheral resistance was calculated. MAP increased with the onset of handgrip; this increase was associated with handgrip intensity and was similar in both groups. Heart rate and Q̇ increased with increasing handgrip intensity in both groups, but increases were greater in young vs. older individuals (age × handgrip intensity interaction, P < 0.05). MSNA burst frequency increased ( P < 0.01), while MSNA burst incidence tended to increase ( P = 0.06) with increasing handgrip intensity in both groups. The change in MSNA between baseline and handgrip, for both frequency and incidence, increased with increasing handgrip intensity for both groups. There was no effect of handgrip intensity or age on total peripheral resistance. The smaller heart rate and Q̇ response during the first 20 s of handgrip exercise in older individuals was not accompanied by a greater sympathetic activation or vasoconstrictor response. However, increases in MAP were similar between groups, indicating that the pressor response at the onset of handgrip exercise is preserved with aging.
TFAP2A Regulates Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Growth and Survival by Targeting HIF-1α Signaling Pathway
Authors: Shi Dingbo , Xie Fangyun , Zhang Yun , Tian Yun , Chen Wangbing , Fu Lingyi , Wang Jingshu , Guo Wei , Kang Tiebang , Huang Wenlin , Deng Wuguo
Published: December 2013

TFAP2A is a transcription factor that orchestrates a variety of cell processes, including cell growth and tissue differentiation. However, the regulation of TFAP2A in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumorigenesis and its precise mechanism of action remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the biologic role and clinical significance of TFAP2A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth and progression and identified the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that TFAP2A was highly expressed in various nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and tumor tissue specimens and was significantly correlated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression. A positive correlation of TFAP2A overexpression with advanced tumor stage, local invasion, clinical progression, and poor prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomas were also observed. Moreover, we found that knockdown of TFAP2A expression by siRNA significantly inhibited tumor cell growth in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model by targeting the HIF-1α–mediated VEGF/pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF) signaling pathway. Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with TFAP2A siRNA dramatically inhibited the expression and the release of VEGF protein but did not change the level of PEDF protein, resulting in a significant reduction of the ratio of VEGF/PEDF. Pretreatment with a HIF-1α siRNA did not significantly change the TFAP2A siRNA-mediated inhibition in cell viability. Our results indicate that TFAP2A regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth and survival through the modulation of the HIF-1α–mediated VEGF/PEDF signaling pathway, and suggest that TFAP2A could be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment. Cancer Prev Res; 7(2); 266–77. ©2013 AACR.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Colistin plus Vancomycin for the Treatment of Severe Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Garnacho-Montero José , Amaya-Villar Rosario , Gutiérrez-Pizarraya Antonio , Espejo-Gutiérrez de Tena Esther , Artero-González M. Luisa , Corcia-Palomo Yael , Bautista-Paloma Javier
Published: December 2013

A potent synergy of a glycopeptide-colistin combination against Acinetobacter baumannii has recently been described. We set out to assess the efficacy and safety of this combination in a retrospective study including episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia or bacteremia caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. We compared 29 patients (group I) treated with colistin plus vancomycin with 28 patients treated with colistin alone (group II). Group I received vancomycin (for empirical or targeted therapy) at the onset of colistin administration and both antimicrobials coincided for at least 5 days. Baseline characteristics, clinical cure, microbiological eradication, and mortality were similar in both groups but the rate of acute kidney injury was higher in group I (55.2 vs. 28%; p = 0.04). In critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infections, clinical outcomes do not differ in patients treated with colistin plus vancomycin from those receiving colistin without vancomycin. This combination significantly increases the risk of renal failure.
Bimonthly Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Cohen Salomon Yves , Maloberti Bertrand , Fajnkuchen Franck , Nghiem-Buffet Sylvia , Delahaye-Mazza Corinne , Grenet Typhaine , Quentel Gabriel
Published: December 2013

Background/Purpose: Recently, aflibercept was proposed with a protocol of a bimonthly fixed regimen. Our purpose was to evaluate the results of this regimen in patients treated with ranibizumab. Method: We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with a bimonthly fixed regimen of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab after 3 monthly injections. Examination was performed every 4 weeks for 52 weeks, with the possibility of unscheduled rescue injections of ranibizumab. Results: A total of 27 patients, 24 women and 3 men, aged from 68 to 90 years (mean: 81.2) were analyzed; 25 eyes (92.5%) lost <15 letters. Mean BCVA rose from 58.3 (range ± 12.9) to 66.7 (range ± 14.3) letters. The mean visual gain was 8.40 (range ± 13.2) letters; 11 patients (40.7%) gained ≥15 letters. The mean number of injections of ranibizumab was 8.77. Conclusion: Bimonthly intravitreal ranibizumab achieved satisfactory visual results. However, patients who required additional injections did not experience significant visual gain.
Falling Off the Bandwagon? Exploring the Challenges to Sustained Digital Engagement by Older People
Authors: Damodaran L. , Olphert C.W. , Sandhu J.
Published: December 2013

Objectives: This study examines older people's use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and identifies the factors which can prevent or promote their sustained use. Methods: A mixed methods approach was adopted. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected by a survey of 323 older ICT users (aged ≥50 years) between 2011 and 2012. These data were supplemented by qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews, focus groups and storytelling. Quantitative data were analysed using PASW including bivariate and multivariate analyses. Qualitative data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach. Results: The findings show that, contrary to some stereotypes, many older people are enthusiastic, competent and confident users of ICTs. However, they report a range of challenges in reaching and maintaining this situation. These include technological complexity and change, age-related capability changes and a lack of learning and support mechanisms. Intrinsic motivation and social support are important in enabling older people to overcome these challenges. Discussion: Getting older people online has been a high priority in many countries over the past decade. However, little attention has been paid to whether and how their usage can be sustained over time. We discuss the implications of the findings for policy and practice.
A música e a psicanálise entre os adolescentes
Authors: Amaral Mônica G. T. do
Published: December 2013

Trata-se de uma discussão de dois casos clínicos, relativos ao atendimento de adolescentes do sexo masculino, os quais, a despeito das diferenças de seus modos de vida, costumes e tradi ções, apresentam algo em comum: uma forma sinuosa de encontro com o masculino, e que, diante da falta de um olhar paterno voltado realmente para eles, encontram na música a ancoragem narcísica que lhes faltou. E, na análise, a possibilidade de elaboração a-posteriori de um caminho de algum modo já percorrido pela via musical
Histeria, trauma e sedução: “o que lhe fizeram pobre criança" (um Freud covarde?)
Authors: Martinez Viviana Carola Velasco , Mello Neto Gustavo Adolfo Ramos , Lima Manuela Caroline Ferreira
Published: December 2013

As acusações de Masson contra Freud, por ter abandonado a teoria da sedução, inauguraram uma polêmica em torno da validade dessa teoria na explica ção da histeria e em torno da própria psicanálise. Seguidores propõem a volta dessa teoria, denunciando o abuso infantil, e acusam Freud de covarde e ambicioso. Já os opositores vêem nesse suposto abandono não o descaso com a inf ância, mas a possibilidade do desenvolvimento da psicanálise. Analisamos esses discursos e concluímos que Freud, a partir da teoria da sedução, deixou sua herança: a teoriza- ção, para a psicanálise em torno da fantasia e da sexualidade infantil e, entre outras contribui ções, elementos dispersos com os quais Laplanche pôde construir a teoria da sedução generalizada.
Razão, consciência e ideologia: algumas notas
Authors: Crochík José Leon
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste ensaio é apresentar algumas das relações entre os conceitos de razão, consciência e ideologia. Nele serão destacadas relações entre ideologia liberal e razão, e entre o fetichismo e a (falsa) consciência; também ser ão associadas a razão instrumental e a razão objetiva, tais como definidas por Horkheimer, respectivamente com o narcisismo e o amor objetal, conforme são compreendidos pela psicanálise. Por fim, serão discutidos três tipos de ideologia que se apresentam em nossos dias - a liberal, a tecnicista e a que se refere à mentira manifesta - e suas relações com necessidades psíquicas.
Em defesa de um clínica de orientação psicanalítica em ciências da educação
Authors: Blanchard-Laville Claudine , Veras Viviane
Published: December 2013

Trata-se de um percurso transdisciplinar de uma professora universitária que se inicia como professora de matemáticas, mas que há anos dedica-se à orientação de pesquisadores no campo das ciências da educação a partir da psicanálise. O percurso é marcado pela descoberta da psicanálise na elaboração da própria relação com o saber. O texto apresenta os remanejamentos epistemológicos implicados no trabalho de pesquisa. Em particular são desenvolvidos dois eixos: o lugar singular que ocupa a clínica psicanalítica no campo da pesquisa em educação frente à psicologia de um lado, e as questões relativas à produção e validação da investigação assim orientada, desenvolvida pela autora e pelos pesquisadores sob sua orientação.
Pai, mãe e filho - reflexões sobre família e educação na modernidade
Authors: Araújo Cláudia Valéria Furtado de Oliveira
Published: December 2013

Este artigo faz uma discussão sobre as posições ocupadas pelos membros familiares na modernidade, bem como reavalia suas funções diante da tarefa educativa. A análise procurou valer-se de conceitos teóricos da psicanálise, para pensar a família e a educação nos dias de hoje. Considerando a família a primeira instituição responsável pela organização subjetiva que viabiliza a inserção dos sujeitos na cultura, quais seriam as reflexões necessárias para a sua compreensão em face da evidência de que a família mudou? Quais os paradoxos que estabelecem as possibilidades e impossibilidades no ato de educar? A proposta é suscitar questionamentos sobre a família e a educação modernas, sem o objetivo de oferecer uma metodologia ou um receituário para o bem-educar.
A cena real construída no Homem dos Lobos
Authors: Bianco Anna Carolina Lo
Published: December 2013

O trabalho acompanha a apresentação que Freud faz da cena primordial que seu famoso paciente - conhecido como o Homem dos Lobos - relata durante o tratamento. Ressalta, no percurso, todo o cuidado que o autor tem em precisar os dados que circundavam a apresentação da cena, para garantir a sua materialidade. Da mesma forma, ele conta com a convicção do paciente em encontrar na cena os significantes que o representam. É sobre tal materialidade que vemos Freud, passo a passo, paradoxalmente, construindo a referida cena. Essa alusão ao que denominava a realidade material é apontada como o traço mais marcante do edifício teórico freudiano.
p21-Dependent Protective Effects of a Carbon Monoxide–Releasing Molecule-3 in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Abid Shariq , Houssaïni Amal , Mouraret Nathalie , Marcos Elisabeth , Amsellem Valerie , Wan Feng , Dubois-Randé Jean Luc , Derumeaux Geneviève , Boczkowski Jorge , Motterlini Roberto , Adnot Serge
Published: December 2013

Objective—

Carbon monoxide–releasing molecules (CORMs) represent a pharmacological alternative to CO gas inhalation. Here, we questioned whether CORM-3, a well-characterized water-soluble CORM, could prevent and reverse pulmonary hypertension (PH) in chronically hypoxic mice and in smooth muscle promoter 22 serotonin transporter mice overexpressing the serotonin transporter in smooth muscle cells (SMCs).

Approach and Results—

Treatment with CORM-3 (50 mg/kg per day once daily) for 3 weeks prevented PH, right ventricular hypertrophy, and distal pulmonary artery muscularization in mice exposed to chronic hypoxia and partially reversed PH in smooth muscle promoter 22 serotonin transporter mice by reducing Ki67 dividing pulmonary artery SMCs (PA-SMCs). In these models, CORM-3 markedly increased lung p21 mRNA and protein levels and p21-stained PA-SMCs. These effects contrasted with the transient pulmonary vasodilatation and rise in lung cGMP levels induced by a single injection of CORM-3 in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Studies in cultured rat PA-SMCs revealed that the inhibitory effects of CORM-3 on cell growth were independent of cGMP formation but associated with increased p21 mRNA and protein levels. Protection against PH by CORM-3 required increased lung expression of p21, as indicated by the inability of CORM-3 to prevent chronic hypoxia-induced PH in p21-deficient mice and to alter the growth of PA-SMCs derived from p21-deficient mice. CORM-3–induced p21 overexpression was linked to p53 activation as assessed by the inability of CORM-3 to prevent PH and induce p21 expression in p53-deficient mice and in PA-SMCs derived from p53-deficient mice.

Conclusions—

CORM-3 inhibits pulmonary vascular remodeling via p21, which may represent a useful approach for treating PH.