bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Club cell CREB regulates the goblet cell transcriptional network and pro-mucin effects of IL-1B
Authors: Sponchiado Mariana , Bonilla Angelina L. , Mata Luz , Jasso-Johnson Kalene , Liao Yan-Shin J. , Fagan Amy , Moncada Victor , Reznikov Leah R.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Club cells are precursors for mucus-producing goblet cells. Interleukin 1β (IL-1B) is an inflammatory mediator with pro-mucin activities that increases the number of mucus-producing goblet cells. IL-1B-mediated mucin production in alveolar adenocarcinoma cells requires activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Whether the pro-mucin activities of IL-1B require club cell CREB is unknown.

Methods: We challenged male mice with conditional loss of club cell Creb1 and wild type littermates with intra-airway IL-1B or vehicle. Secondarily, we studied human “club cell-like” H322 cells.

Results: IL-1B increased whole lung mRNA of secreted (Mucin 5ac, Mucin 5b) and tethered (Mucin 1, Mucin 4) mucins independent of genotype. However, loss of club cell Creb1 increased whole lung mRNA of member RAS oncogene family (Rab3D), decreased mRNA of the muscarinic receptor 3 (M3R) and prevented IL-1B mediated increases in purinergic receptor P2Y, (P2ry2) mRNA. IL-1B increased the density of goblet cells containing neutral mucins in wildtype mice but not in mice with loss of club cell Creb1. These findings suggested that club cell Creb1 regulated mucin secretion. Loss of club cell Creb1 also prevented IL-1B-mediated impairments in airway mechanics. Four days of pharmacologic CREB inhibition in H322 cells increased mRNA abundance of forkhead box A2 (FOXA2), a repressor of goblet cell expansion, and decreased mRNA expression of SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), a driver of goblet cell expansion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that CREB directly bound to the promoter region of FOXA2, but not to the promoter region of SPDEF. Treatment of H322 cells with IL-1B increased cAMP levels, providing a direct link between IL-1B and CREB signaling.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that club cell Creb1 regulates the pro-mucin properties of IL-1B through pathways likely involving FOXA2.
Introgression of a Danbaekkong high-protein allele across different genetic backgrounds in soybean
Authors: Souza Renan , Rouf Mian M. A. , Vaughn Justin N. , Li Zenglu
Published: December 2023

Soybean meal is a major component of livestock feed due to its high content and quality of protein. Understanding the genetic control of protein is essential to develop new cultivars with improved meal protein. Previously, a genomic region on chromosome 20 significantly associated with elevated protein content was identified in the cultivar Danbaekkong. The present research aimed to introgress the Danbaekkong high-protein allele into elite lines with different genetic backgrounds by developing and deploying robust DNA markers. A multiparent population consisting of 10 F5-derived populations with a total of 1,115 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed using “Benning HP” as the donor parent of the Danbaekkong high-protein allele. A new functional marker targeting the 321-bp insertion in the gene Glyma.20g085100 was developed and used to track the Danbaekkong high-protein allele across the different populations and enable assessment of its effect and stability. Across all populations, the high-protein allele consistently increased the content, with an increase of 3.3% in seed protein. A total of 103 RILs were selected from the multiparent population for yield testing in five environments to assess the impact of the high-protein allele on yield and to enable the selection of new breeding lines with high protein and high yield. The results indicated that the high-protein allele impacts yield negatively in general; however, it is possible to select high-yielding lines with high protein content. An analysis of inheritance of the Chr 20 high-protein allele in Danbaekkong indicated that it originated from a Glycine soja line (PI 163453) and is the same as other G. soja lines studied. A survey of the distribution of the allele across 79 G. soja accessions and 35 Glycine max ancestors of North American soybean cultivars showed that the high-protein allele is present in all G. soja lines evaluated but not in any of the 35 North American soybean ancestors. These results demonstrate that G. soja accessions are a valuable source of favorable alleles for improvement of protein composition.
Volatiles from cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) infested plants attract the natural enemy Hippodamia variegata
Authors: Yi Chaoqun , Teng Dong , Xie Jiaoxin , Tang Haoyu , Zhao Danyang , Liu Xiaoxu , Liu Tinghui , Ding Wei , Khashaveh Adel , Zhang Yongjun
Published: December 2023

The Aphis gossypii is a major threat of cotton worldwide due to its short life cycle and rapid reproduction. Chemical control is the primary method used to manage the cotton aphid, which has significant environmental impacts. Therefore, prioritizing eco-friendly alternatives is essential for managing the cotton aphid. The ladybird, Hippodamia variegata, is a predominant predator of the cotton aphid. Its performance in cotton plantation is directly linked to chemical communication, where volatile compounds emitted from aphid-infested plants play important roles in successful predation. Here, we comprehensively studied the chemical interaction between the pest, natural enemy and host plants by analyzing the volatile profiles of aphid-infested cotton plants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We then utilized the identified volatile compounds in electrophysiological recording (EAG) and behavioral assays. Through behavioral tests, we initially demonstrated the clear preference of both larvae and adults of H. variegata for aphid-infested plants. Subsequently, 13 compounds, namely α-pinene, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 4-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol, β-ocimene, dodecane, E-β-farnesene, decanal, methyl salicylate, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, farnesol, DMNT, and TMTT were identified from aphid-infested plants. All these compounds were electrophysiologically active and induced detectable EAG responses in larvae and adults. Y-tube olfactometer assays indicated that, with few exceptions for larvae, all identified chemicals were attractive to H. variegata, particularly at the highest tested concentration (100 mg/ml). The outcomes of this study establish a practical foundation for developing attractants for H. variegata and open avenues for potential advancements in aphid management strategies by understanding the details of chemical communication at a tritrophic level.
A comparative study of differences between parents and teachers in the evaluation of environmental sensitivity
Authors: Costa-López Borja , Ferrer-Cascales Rosario , Ruiz-Robledillo Nicolás , Albaladejo-Blázquez Natalia , Baryła-Matejczuk Monika
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The inextricable bond between humans and the environment underscores the pivotal significance of environmental sensitivity. This innate trait encompasses a wide array of ways individuals perceive, process, and react to various internal and external stimuli. The evaluation of this trait in children is generally conducted by parents. However, little is known about the concordance of the parents reports with those conducted by others, such as teachers. Children’s behavior assessment is a current and relevant issue and finding out more positive results could make improvements in different contexts, such as home, clinics and schools.

Objective

This study examines agreements and discrepancies between parents and teachers as raters of environmental sensitivity in Spanish children.

Methods

Participants were 124 parents and eight teachers of youngsters between 3 and 10 years, who completed a paper survey providing information about parental and school variables and environmental sensitivity.

Results

Parents and teachers mostly differ when rating environmental sensitivity, being parents the raters who score higher levels of this trait than teachers. Also, poor intra-class coefficients of reliability are found in both the items of HSCS, the dimensions and the general factor of environmental sensitivity among the informants.

Conclusion

The present investigation provides novel findings related to inter-rater assessment on environmental sensitivity and how these different informants could affect in the report. This study also highlights the need of making and validating new and specific tools to assess environmental sensitivity for teachers.
“It doesn’t feel like exercise”: a realist process evaluation of factors that support long-term attendance at dance classes designed for healthy ageing
Authors: Haynes Abby , Tiedemann Anne , Hewton Gail , Chenery Julie , Sherrington Catherine , Merom Dafna , Gilchrist Heidi
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Dance can positively impact older people’s health and wellbeing across cultures and socioeconomic groups, countering age-related physical, sensorimotor and cognitive decline.

Background/objectives

The RIPE (Really Is Possible for Everyone) Dance program aims to improve older people’s physical, mental, cognitive and social wellbeing by integrating engaging dance sequences with evidence-based fall prevention exercises. We sought to identify what mechanisms support observed long-term participation in this program, including by people living with challenging health conditions.

Methods

Following a realist evaluation approach, we co-developed and tested program theories iteratively with participant interviewees (n = 20), dance teachers (n = 2) and via observation of a dance class. Initial data were dual-coded and emergent findings were interrogated by the research team. Findings were organised to express Program activities + Context + Mechanism = Process outcomes configurations.

Results

We identified four program theories comprising 14 mechanisms which explained long-term attendance: 1. RIPE Dance benefits my body and mind (trust in the program, belief in health benefits), 2. RIPE Dance helps me feel good about myself (self-efficacy, pride in achievement, psychological safety, defying expectations, feeling valued), 3. RIPE Dance creates camaraderie (social connection, mutual support, rapport with the teacher), and 4. RIPE Dance is uplifting (raised spirits, fun, synchrony, musical reactivity).

Conclusion

The RIPE Dance program provides effective and enjoyable ‘exercise in disguise’ for older people with diverse mobility profiles.

Significance/implications

This research confirms that participation in dance can contribute significantly to healthy, happy ageing. Findings detail program activities that were most strongly associated with process outcomes, offering guidance for further program development, implementation and scaling up.
Sex, executive function, and prospective memory regulate the chain-mediation pathway of alcohol use and impulsivity
Authors: Duan Fan , Xia Lingling , Li Junda , Li Xiangyu , Zhou Yiding , Luo Hanrun , Wang Ze , Song Xun , Wang Jingjing , Chen Jinxuan , Wang Yue , Zhang Jing , Zhang Xiaochu , Jiao Dongliang
Published: December 2023

Objective

Evidence from previous studies indicates that impulsive behaviors are closely linked to alcohol use and misuse and that female drinkers are more impulsive than male drinkers. However, studies investigating the psychological mechanisms of alcohol use and impulsivity based on sex differences are relatively limited.

Methods

This cross-sectional study comprised 713 residents from 16 cities in Anhui Province, China. Each subject was evaluated for self-reporting measures using several questionnaires, including the general information questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRM), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11).

Results

Executive function and prospective memory may serve as intermediary links between alcohol use and impulsivity. Although the female alcohol usage level was significantly lower than that of males, the female drinkers had more severe executive dysfunction, prospective memory impairment, and impulsivity than male drinkers. Sex moderated the relationship between alcohol use and impulsivity. Furthermore, the indirect effect of executive function, and prospective memory between AUDIT and BIS was more significant in males than in females.

Conclusion

Alcohol consumption may be associated with impulsivity formation through executive dysfunction and PM impairment, implying that impulsivity in those with AUD or at risk for AUD might be treated by improving EF and PM. Alcohol use may cause more severe executive dysfunction, PM impairment, and impulsive behavior in females than in males, and impulsive behavior in women with AUD was more likely to be due to the direct effects of alcohol consumption, while impulsive behavior in men with AUD was more likely to be due to the indirect effects of executive dysfunction and PM impairment. These findings provide both clinical and theoretical foundations for addressing issues related to alcohol use.
Automated facial characterization and image retrieval by convolutional neural networks
Authors: Shah Syed Taimoor Hussain , Shah Syed Adil Hussain , Qureshi Shahzad Ahmad , Di Terlizzi Angelo , Deriu Marco Agostino
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Developing efficient methods to infer relations among different faces consisting of numerous expressions or on the same face at different times (e.g., disease progression) is an open issue in imaging related research. In this study, we present a novel method for facial feature extraction, characterization, and identification based on classical computer vision coupled with deep learning and, more specifically, convolutional neural networks.

Methods

We describe the hybrid face characterization system named FRetrAIval (FRAI), which is a hybrid of the GoogleNet and the AlexNet Neural Network (NN) models. Images analyzed by the FRAI network are preprocessed by computer vision techniques such as the oriented gradient-based algorithm that can extract only the face region from any kind of picture. The Aligned Face dataset (AFD) was used to train and test the FRAI solution for extracting image features. The Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) holdout dataset has been used for external validation.

Results and discussion

Overall, in comparison to previous techniques, our methodology has shown much better results on k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) by yielding the maximum precision, recall, F1, and F2 score values (92.00, 92.66, 92.33, and 92.52%, respectively) for AFD and (95.00% for each variable) for LFW dataset, which were used as training and testing datasets. The FRAI model may be potentially used in healthcare and criminology as well as many other applications where it is important to quickly identify face features such as fingerprint for a specific identification target.
Cultivation modes impacting root microbiomes and metabolites in medicinal orchid Dendrobium denneanum
Authors: Chen Lin , Ding Haiyan , Chen Xin , Wang Jiaojiao , Hu Yuan , Chen Hongping , Liu Youping
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The plant microbiome is the second genome of plants and is important for plant growth and health. Dendrobium is an epiphytic herbal plant of the family Orchidaceae that is often found attached to tree trunks or rocks and exhibits different cultivation modes. Microbiological and metabolite studies of Dendrobium denneanum Kerr (D. denneanum) in different cultivation modes can reveal important relationships between Dendrobium spp., their microbiomes, and their pharmacological substances, which is important for sustainable agricultural development and human health, particularly in the study of medicinal plants.

Methods

In this study, three cultivation modes, living tree epiphytic (LT), stone epiphytic (SE), and pot cultivation (PO) of D. denneanum in the same environment were selected, and the metabolites were using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Subsequently, differential metabolites were screened, the rhizosphere and root endosphere microorganisms were sequenced via high-throughput sequencing, and the 16S rRNA gene/ITS sequences were obtained.

Results

The main microbial taxa in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. denneanum included bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Actinobacteria, and the fungi Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, whose abundances varied in different cultivation modes. Soil properties affect the composition of D. denneanum metabolites and root microbiome, among which, soil total phosphorus (TP) and pH in particular are important factors for soil microorganisms. Studies of root microbial communities have shown that root endosphere fungi are similar to rhizosphere fungi with microbial enrichment occurring from the external environment to the internal structures. Root microbial communities and metabolites correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between rhizosphere microbes, as well as endophytes and metabolites. For example, the rhizosphere bacterium genus Occallatibacter and root endosphere fungus Clonostachys showed a significant negative correlation with the pharmacodynamic substance gigantol in D. denneanum (P<0.05).

Conclusion

This study elucidates the effects of different cultivation modes on D. denneanum from the perspective of microorganisms and metabolites, and investigates the effects of root microorganisms on metabolites. The findings enhance the current understanding of root microorganisms in orchid plants and provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of Dendrobium spp., represented here by D. denneanum.
“I represent the police I represent the state” – Justification work following ethno-national boundaries crossing among Arab female police officers in Israel
Authors: Meler Tal
Published: December 2023

Introduction

In recent decades, Israel’s public sector diversity policy has led to the recruitment of many Arab female police officers (FAPO). For Arab women, joining the police force is seen as boundary-crossing, highlighting the tension between their professional, civilian, and ethno-national identities. While they are Israeli citizens, Arabs are often perceived as an unassimilated minority due to nationality, religion and culture. Arab women face numerous obstacles in integrating into the broader labor market, both from the state and their own society. Therefore, entry into the public sector, like the police force, is of great significance. However, some may view joining the Israeli police as cooperating with the majority-hegemonic group or even as betrayal.

Method

Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 FAPO employed by the Israel Police asking how they articulate the ethno-national identity complexity in their pursuit of quality jobs in the Israeli police force, and how they justify dealing with the challenges this presents.

Results

The analysis sheds light on the interviewees’ subjective perspective of their recruitment to the police force, i.e., the ways they experience their crossing of ethno-national boundaries and the conflictual identity experience inherent in the process.

Discussion

These insights offer a better understanding of the FAPO’s experiences regarding their justification work while facing criticism and value conflicts. The contributions of this study are threefold: 1. It advances the literature on the labor market integration of Arab women from the theoretical perspective of boundary-crossing. 2. It adds to the theory of boundary-crossing in the labor market for minority women in distinct locations. 3. It provides insights into the subjective perspectives and experiences of FAPO, contributing to organizational knowledge about minority policing in a deeply divided society characterized by tense relations between the minority and the police.
Labor transfer, market development, and the outsourcing of forestry production by farmers: a case study in Fujian, China
Authors: Wen Yaping , Feng Liangming , Liu Weiping
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The outsourcing of forestry production is an important form in the development of forestry specialization and is the compromise result of economic incentives, factor optimization and risk diversification for farmers. It can facilitate the collaboration between internal and external resources to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and promote the combination of small farmers and the high-quality development of modern forestry.

Theory and methods

In this research, we have analyzed the extrusion effect, the substitution effect, and the income effect of labor transfer on the outsourcing of forestry production by farmers based on the theory of farmers’ behavior. In addition, we have constructed an influence mechanism for the development of the outsourcing services market according to the theory of division of labor. Moreover, we analyzed research data from farmers in Fujian Province using a probit model to determine the effect of labor transfer and market development on the outsourcing of forestry production by farmers.

Conclusions and discussion

The conclusions showed that several factors have a significant impact on the outsourcing of forestry production. These factors include labor transfer, market development, income level in the village, smaller machinery numbers, amount of forestry subsidies, extent of forest road construction to meet production demands, and degree of forest land fragmentation. We have discussed topics of the distribution of labor value, market structure cultivation, and forestry costs on conclusion.

Policy implications

We propose increasing farmers’ income through labor transfer, fostering the market for outsourcing services in forestry production, and promoting the new classification of forestry.
Geo-temporal patterns to design cost-effective interventions for zoonotic diseases -the case of brucellosis in the country of Georgia
Authors: Rivas Ariel L. , Smith Stephen D. , Basiladze V. , Chaligava Tengiz , Malania Lile , Burjanadze Irma , Chichinadze Tamar , Suknidze Nikoloz , Bolashvili Nana , Hoogesteijn Almira L. , Gilbertson Kendra , Bertram Jonathan H. , Fair Jeanne Marie , Webb Colleen T. , Imnadze Paata , Kosoy Michael
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Control of zoonosis can benefit from geo-referenced procedures. Focusing on brucellosis, here the ability of two methods to distinguish disease dissemination patterns and promote cost-effective interventions was compared.

Method

Geographical data on bovine, ovine and human brucellosis reported in the country of Georgia between 2014 and 2019 were investigated with (i) the Hot Spot (HS) analysis and (ii) a bio-geographical (BG) alternative.

Results

More than one fourth of all sites reported cases affecting two or more species. While ruminant cases displayed different patterns over time, most human cases described similar geo-temporal features, which were associated with the route used by migrant shepherds. Other human cases showed heterogeneous patterns. The BG approach identified small areas with a case density twice as high as the HS method. The BG method also identified, in 2018, a 2.6–2.99 higher case density in zoonotic (human and non-human) sites than in non-zoonotic sites (which only reported cases affecting a single species) –a finding that, if corroborated, could support cost-effective policy-making.

Discussion

Three dissemination hypotheses were supported by the data: (i) human cases induced by sheep-related contacts; (ii) human cases probably mediated by contaminated milk or meat; and (iii) cattle and sheep that infected one another. This proof-of-concept provided a preliminary validation for a method that may support cost-effective interventions oriented to control zoonoses. To expand these findings, additional studies on zoonosis-related decision-making are recommended.
Toward Greater Legitimacy: Online Accountability Practices of Ukrainian Nonprofits
Authors: Cooley Asya
Published: December 2023

This exploratory study examined recent innovations in online accountability practices adopted by Ukrainian nonprofits. A quantitative content analysis of Ukrainian nonprofit websites evaluated their adoption of online accountability practices across five dimensions: accessibility, engagement, performance, governance, and mission. The results reveal wide variability in accountability scores and low average disclosure of performance and governance practices. Nonprofits without a listed location have lower scores. International NGOs demonstrate stronger governance than domestic groups. Associations are leaders in online innovations. Overall, Ukrainian nonprofits are not fully capitalizing on digital platforms to enhance transparency and stakeholder engagement. This study provides unique insights into online accountability among Ukrainian nonprofits and highlights opportunities for nonprofits to leverage websites as strategic management tools for greater accountability, legitimacy, and impact.
“Instead of Asking for Fare, You Ask Her to Pay with Sex”: Male Perspectives on the Factors Influencing Schoolgirls’ Participation in Age-Disparate Transactional Sex Relationships
Authors: Munala Leso , Mohamed Asha , Okunna Nene , Yewhalawork Bethlehem , Kibati Paul , Kihuha Jesse
Published: December 2023

Age-disparate transactional sex relationships are often coerced and exploitative. The gender and economic disparities between affluent men and economically disadvantaged girls often perpetuate these relationships, resulting in their exploitation. This qualitative study assessed men’s understanding of factors influencing schoolgirls’ engagement in age-disparate transactional sex relationships in two rural districts in Kenya. Four focus group sessions were conducted with men from two primary professions: motorcycle taxi operators (Boda Boda) and teachers from primary and secondary schools from two districts in Kitui South, Sub County, Kenya. Focus group data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Several influential factors associated with schoolgirls’ engagement in these transactional relationships are discussed in three broad themes: access and coercion, parental influence, and peer-related factors. Study results indicate that schoolgirls in rural areas are more susceptible to predation by men willing to trade sexual favors with underage girls. These findings make it imperative to address the predation of adolescent girls by men involved in these transactional relationships by implementing comprehensive sex education programs that empower schoolgirls to recognize and resist coercion. Additionally, implementing measures involving community leaders, parents, and other stakeholders in a collective effort to combat the exploitation of underage girls is paramount. These measures should be accompanied by the stricter enforcement of laws and regulations to hold perpetrators accountable for their actions.
A Review of Mechanical Fine-Pointing Actuators for Free-Space Optical Communication
Authors: Milaševičius Martynas , Mačiulis Laurynas
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a state-of-the-art overview of fine beam steering mechanisms for free-space optical communication on satellites. Precise beam pointing is a critical task for the successful operation of free-space optical communication systems. Based on past research and ongoing projects, the use of fast steering mirrors (FSMs) is still the most popular solution for free-space optical communication applications. Although a variety of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) FSM solutions exist, there is limited publicly available data on these solutions in the space environment. Three main actuation principles are considered (electro-static force actuated, magnetic force actuated, piezo-effect actuated) and reviewed using available data from past space missions. The article describes the most important criteria in the choice of a fine beam steering solution for free-space optical communication in space.
Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae): Need, Potentiality, and Performance Measures
Authors: Nayak Anjani , Rühl Martin , Klüber Patrick
Published: December 2023

The research on black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens L.; Diptera: Stratiomyidae) rearing is on the rise. The larval ability to grow on organic substances makes it an ideal candidate for the bioconversion of agricultural and other organic side streams. While there are several publications on the variables influencing the growth and development of different stages of BSF, juxtaposing the results could be amiss. This is because of the different experimental approaches and units used by the researchers. A few publications also lack information that might be necessary for comparing the results when using similar substrate and rearing conditions. In this review, we have analyzed the studies on rearing variables such as the type of feeding substrate, substrate depth and aeration, substrate temperature, substrate moisture, pH, feeding rate, and larval density mainly, but not exclusively, for the larvae. For the adults, factors such as the cage size, fly density, light, ambient temperature, and relative humidity are considered. In addition, larval performance when fed with side streams is encapsulated. This provides a backbone for future researchers to identify the already assessed variables along with their range and encourages them to define and use standardized rearing practices for a better comparison of the results.
A Time Series Approach to Smart City Transformation: The Problem of Air Pollution in Brescia
Authors: Pagano Elena , Barbierato Enrico
Published: December 2023

Air pollution is a paramount issue, influenced by a combination of natural and anthropogenic sources, various diffusion modes, and profound repercussions for the environment and human health. Herein, the power of time series data becomes evident, as it proves indispensable for capturing pollutant concentrations over time. These data unveil critical insights, including trends, seasonal and cyclical patterns, and the crucial property of stationarity. Brescia, a town located in Northern Italy, faces the pressing challenge of air pollution. To enhance its status as a smart city and address this concern effectively, statistical methods employed in time series analysis play a pivotal role. This article is dedicated to examining how ARIMA and LSTM models can empower Brescia as a smart city by fitting and forecasting specific pollution forms. These models have established themselves as effective tools for predicting future pollution levels. Notably, the intricate nature of the phenomena becomes apparent through the high variability of particulate matter. Even during extraordinary events like the COVID-19 lockdown, where substantial reductions in emissions were observed, the analysis revealed that this reduction did not proportionally decrease PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. This underscores the complex nature of the issue and the need for advanced data-driven solutions to make Brescia a truly smart city.
Methane Emission, Carbon Footprint and Productivity of Specialized Dairy Cows Supplemented with Bitter Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Molina-Botero Isabel Cristina , Gaviria-Uribe Xiomara , Rios-Betancur Juan Pablo , Medina-Campuzano Manuela , Toro-Trujillo Mercedes , González-Quintero Ricardo , Ospina Bernardo , Arango Jacobo
Published: December 2023

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) supplementation on enteric methane (CH4) emissions, carbon footprint, and production parameters in dairy cows. Daily concentrate supply for Jersey and Jersey * Holstein breeds was evaluated in four treatments (T): T1: 100% commercial concentrate; T2: 70% concentrate + 30% cassava leaves; T3: 70% concentrate + 30% cassava roots; and T4: 70% concentrate + 15% cassava leaves + 15% cassava root chips. Measurements of CH4 emissions were performed using the polytunnel technique. Average daily dry matter intake ranged from 7.8 to 8.5 kg dry matter (DM). Cassava leaves were characterized by a high crude protein (CP) content (171 g CP/kg DM), with 5 times more neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than cassava root (587 vs. 108 g NDF/kg DM). Average enteric CH4 emissions per animal ranged from 194 to 234 g/d (p > 0.05). The carbon footprint was reduced by replacing 30% of the concentrate with cassava leaves and/or roots. Energy-corrected milk production was 1.15 times higher in Jersey * Holstein animals than Jersey cows (47 vs. 55 kg). Therefore, supplementation with cassava leaves and/or roots is a nutritionally and environmentally sustainable strategy.
Transcriptome Analysis of Granulosa Cells Reveals Regulatory Mechanisms Related to Chicken Follicle Development
Authors: Du Xubin , Zhu Qizhao , Pian Huifang , Yang Xiaolong , Zhao Dong , Wu Xinyue , He Jiawen , Yu Debing
Published: December 2023

In this study, we aimed to better understand the difference between the functions of the two types of granulosa cells and sought to discover more key genes involved in follicle development and follicle selection. Herein, we separately collected pre-hierarchical follicle granulosa cells (PHGCs) and preovulatory follicle granulosa cells (POGCs) for RNA extraction; the transcriptomes of the two groups were compared via RNA-seq. A total of 5273 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the PHGCs and POGCs; 2797 genes were up-regulated and 2476 were down-regulated in the PHGCs compared with the POGCs. A qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression patterns of 16 randomly selected DEGs were highly consistent with the RNA-seq results. In the POGCs, many of the genes with the most significant increase in expression were related to steroid hormone synthesis. In addition, the genes with the most significant decline in expression, including AMH and WT1, were related to the inhibition of steroid hormone synthesis. These results suggest that steroid hormones play a key role in follicle development. Furthermore, a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in the primary metabolic process, the carbohydrate metabolic process, the cellular process, ribosomes, the cytoplasm, and intracellular processes. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, the cell cycle, ribosomes, the TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and so on. We also observed the morphology of the follicles at different developmental stages, and the results showed that the thickness of the granular layer of the small yellow follicles (SYFs) decreased significantly with further development. In addition, we also found that the thickness of the granulosa layer of hens over 300 days old was significantly lower than that of 200-day-old hens. In short, these data indicate that the tissue morphology and function of granulosa cells change throughout follicle development.
The Postural and Body Surface Temperature Response of Leisure Horses to Lunging with Selected Lunging Aids
Authors: Maśko Małgorzata , Sikorska Urszula , Borowska Marta , Zdrojkowski Łukasz , Jasiński Tomasz , Domino Małgorzata
Published: December 2023

Incorporating lunging into a horse’s daily routine aims to enhance fitness, physical condition, and specific skills or exercises when using lunging aids (LAs). To assess the effectiveness of lunging, non-contact technologies like geometric morphometrics and infrared thermography can be employed. This study seeks to evaluate lunging efficiency based on the horse’s posture and surface temperature when lunging with different head and neck positions. The study aims to determine if changes in a horse’s posture correspond to increased metabolic activity, as indicated by body surface temperature. Thirteen horses included in the study were lunged with chambon (CH), rubber band (RB), and triangle side reins (TRs) as well as with a freely moving head (FMH). Images were taken in visible light and infrared. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyze horse posture changes and a Pixel-Counting Protocol (PCP) was used to quantify surface temperature patterns. The horses’ posture exhibited contrasting changes, reflected by a changing centroid shape (p < 0.0001) but not size (p > 0.05) when lunged with RB and TRs, but not CH. Different (p < 0.0001) surface temperature patterns were observed during lunging. FMH lunging resulted in lower temperatures over a larger surface, CH induced moderate temperatures on a smaller area, RB caused moderate to high temperatures across a broader surface, and TRs led to higher temperatures over a smaller region. The studied lunging cases returned different (p < 0.0001) surface temperature patterns. Lunging with FMH returned lower temperatures over a larger surface, CH moderate temperatures on a smaller area, RB moderate to high temperatures across a broader surface, and TRs higher temperatures over a smaller region. The proposed methods can be applied to evaluate the efficiency of lunging in horses.
A Survey of Diseases in Different Species of Wild, Captive, and Illegally Traded Birds in Brazil
Authors: Lacerda Maira dos Santos Carneiro , de Magalhães Santos Willian Henrique , Lopes Marcelo Coelho , Fonseca Clarissa Silva , de Carvalho Marcelo Pires Nogueira , da Silva Martins Nelson Rodrigo , Ecco Roselene
Published: December 2023

Native and exotic avian species can act as reservoirs of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, with conservation and public health implications. A retrospective study on the diagnosis and frequency of diseases in wild and exotic avian species was conducted. The occurrence of particular diseases was associated with the type of captivity or the bird’s origin. The investigation included macroscopic and microscopic descriptions and the molecular determination of the causative agent(s). Additional immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, PCR, and genetic sequencing were conducted. A total of 243 cases were compiled for the study, mainly consisting of native wild species (39.1%) obtained from illegal trade. Primary infectious diseases, mainly parasitic (18.1%) and viral (17.7%), were the most common, although coinfections were substantial (18.1%) in birds rescued from trafficking. Fractures and neoplasms accounted for 3.7% and 3.3% of the cases, respectively. Parasitic and viral diseases were the most common in both exotic and wild birds. Chlamydia psittaci, a lethal and zoonotic bacterium, was an important cause of death, especially in native Psittaciformes. The recent detection of Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 5 (PsAHV 5) in exotic psittacines and the diagnosis of coinfections in trafficked birds highlight the importance of monitoring avian health to control potential pathogens that may endanger conservation efforts.
Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Properties of 6-Polyaminosteroid Derivatives against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Vergoz Delphine , Le Hung , Bernay Benoit , Schaumann Annick , Barreau Magalie , Nilly Flore , Desriac Florie , Tahrioui Ali , Giard Jean-Christophe , Lesouhaitier Olivier , Chevalier Sylvie , Brunel Jean Michel , Muller Cécile , Dé Emmanuelle
Published: December 2023

The emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens is a major public health problem, leading us to rethink and innovate our bacterial control strategies. Here, we explore the antibiofilm and antivirulence activities of nineteen 6-polyaminosterol derivatives (squalamine-based), presenting a modulation of their polyamine side chain on four major pathogens, i.e., carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) and P. aeruginosa (CRPA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE) strains. We screened the effect of these derivatives on biofilm formation and eradication. Derivatives 4e (for CRAB, VRE, and MRSA) and 4f (for all the strains) were the most potent ones and displayed activities as good as those of conventional antibiotics. We also identified 11 compounds able to decrease by more than 40% the production of pyocyanin, a major virulence factor of P. aeruginosa. We demonstrated that 4f treatment acts against bacterial infections in Galleria mellonella and significantly prolonged larvae survival (from 50% to 80%) after 24 h of CRAB, VRE, and MRSA infections. As shown by proteomic studies, 4f triggered distinct cellular responses depending on the bacterial species but essentially linked to cell envelope. Its interesting antibiofilm and antivirulence properties make it a promising a candidate for use in therapeutics.
Prevalence of Beijing Central Asian/Russian Cluster 94-32 among Multidrug-Resistant M. tuberculosis in Kazakhstan
Authors: Akhmetova Ainur , Bismilda Venera , Chingissova Lyailya , Filipenko Maxim , Akilzhanova Ainur , Kozhamkulov Ulan
Published: December 2023

The Beijing genotype is the most distributed M. tuberculosis family in Kazakhstan. In this study, we identified dominant Beijing clusters in Kazakhstan and assessed their drug susceptibility profiles and association with the most widely spread mutation Ser531Leu of the rpoB gene and the mutation Ser315Thr of the katG gene associated with resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, respectively. M. tuberculosis isolates (n = 540) from new TB cases were included in the study. MIRU-VNTR genotyping was performed for 540 clinical isolates to determine M. tuberculosis families using 24 loci. RD analysis was additionally performed for the Beijing isolates. The identification of mutations in the drug-resistance genes of M. tuberculosis was performed with allele-specific real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing. The Beijing genotype was identified in 60% (324/540) of the clinical isolates. Central Asian/Russian cluster 94-32 was the most distributed cluster among the Beijing isolates (50.3%; 163/324). Three other dominant Beijing clusters were identified as 94-33 (3.4%; 11/324), 100-32 (3.1%; 10/324) and 99-32 (3.1%; 10/324). The Beijing genotype was associated with drug-resistant TB (p < 0.0001), including multidrug-resistant TB (p < 0.0001), in our study. An association of the mutation Ser531Leu of the rpoB gene with the Beijing genotype was found (p < 0.0001; OR = 16.0000; 95%CI: 4.9161–52.0740). Among the Beijing isolates, cluster 94-32 showed an association with MDR-TB (p = 0.021). This is why the evaluation of the Beijing genotype and its clusters is needed to control MDR-TB in Kazakhstan.
Exploring Roles of the Polysaccharide Capsule in Pathogenesis of Hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolate Lac-4
Authors: Bjånes Elisabet , Koh Truman , Qayum Tariq , Zurich Raymond , McCabe Sinead , Hampel Kegan , Cartwright Lisa , Nizet Victor
Published: December 2023

The frequently multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia, such that the World Health Organization and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have declared it a top priority candidate for novel drug development. Nearly all clinical A. baumannii strains express a thick surface polysaccharide capsule that protects against desiccation, host defenses, and disinfectants. In this study, we investigated the contribution of the polysaccharide capsule to virulence caused by the A. baumannii clinical isolate Ab Lac-4, which is rare in its ability to cause pneumonia and disseminated sepsis in healthy mice. We assessed the role of the capsule in wildtype Lac-4 (WT) by generating a premature stop codon in wza, which codes for the polysaccharide export protein. The wza# mutant was hypersensitive to killing by complement, whole blood, and healthy human neutrophils compared to WT and a revertant mutant (wza-Rev). Furthermore, the wza# mutant was highly attenuated in murine sepsis and unable to disseminate from the lungs during pneumonia. This study reinforces the capsule as a key contributor to Ab Lac-4 hypervirulence.
The Squat One Repetition Maximum May Not Be the Best Indicator for Speed-Related Sports Performance Improvement in Elite Male Rugby Athletes
Authors: Jeong Yeunchang , Jun Hyung-Pil , Huang Yu-Lun , Chang Eunwook
Published: December 2023

In the strength and conditioning field, a variety of training exercises are being applied to improve speed-related performance, but there is a lack of traditional strength training guides that can be used for training effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a six-week traditional strength training program on elite rugby players and explore the relationships between the one repetition maximum (1RM) of traditional strength exercises and athletic performance. Twenty elite rugby players (age = 30.5 ± 1.5 years, mass = 96.7 ± 16.6 kg, height = 179.3 ± 6.0 cm) completed the strength training program, and 1RM values for bench press, squat, deadlift, and power clean, along with athletic performance metrics (20 m and 40 m sprints, vertical jump, broad jump, Bronco test, L-run), were measured before and after the training period. Medium effect sizes were observed in the deadlift (p = 0.04, d = 0.49) and bench press (p = 0.019, d = 0.57) 1RM, while the squat exhibited a very large effect size (p < 0.001, d = 2.08). Both before and after training, greater power clean 1RM demonstrated a strong correlation with each athletic performance test. However, bench press 1RM, both pre-and post-training, did not significantly associate with functional performances (p > 0.05). Notably, power clean 1RM showed the strongest correlation with athletic performance; despite being the most significant improvement in squat 1RM after the six-week training period, it was not associated with athletic performance outcomes in rugby players. This study underscores the varied impact of specific strength exercises on athletic performance, emphasizing the distinct role of power clean 1RM in predicting speed-related performance in male rugby players.
Some Considerations about the Incorporation of Dynamic Parameters in the Structural Health Monitoring Systems of Bridges
Authors: López-Aragón Juan-Antonio , Astiz Miguel-Ángel
Published: December 2023

Currently, there is a growing concern about the conservation and maintenance of infrastructure. Within this context, bridges deserve special attention, given their technical complexity and strategic nature. To this end, modern technology provides the opportunity to implement systems for structural health monitoring (SHM), a field in which great advances have been made in recent years. In this sense, one of the fastest-growing lines of work in Civil Engineering is the early detection of incidents because of changes in the dynamic behaviour of structures. Throughout this paper, some of the most notable considerations that the authors have been appreciating in the latest structures studied are summarized. These may be of interest for the possible incorporation of dynamic parameters in SHM systems that could be implemented in other structures in the future. With this purpose, a review of the different issues that must be studied within the dynamic analysis of a structure is carried out, such as the structural typology, the type of instrumentation, the recorded accelerations, the analysis of the natural frequencies, the study of the modal damping ratio and the set of thresholds; issues that are also accompanied by examples observed in two real monitored structures.