bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Charge Transfer Mechanism in Polyfluorene/ZnO Nanocomposite Thin Films
Authors: Al-Asbahi Bandar Ali , Haji Jumali Mohammad Hafizuddin , Al-Gaashani Rashad
Published: May 2014

The optical properties and charge transfer mechanism of poly (9,9′‐di‐n‐octylfluorenyl‐2.7‐diyl) (PFO)/ZnO thin films have been investigated. The ZnO nanorods (NRs) were prepared via a microwave technique. The solution blending method was used to prepare the PFO/ZnO nanocomposites. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) were used to determine the structural properties, while UV‐Vis and photoluminescence (PL) were employed to investigate the optical properties of the films. XRD patterns confirmed that there was no variation in the structure of both PFO and ZnO NRs due to the blending process. FE‐SEM micrographs displayed that ZnO NRs were well coated by PFO in all nanocomposite films. The absorption spectra of the nanocomposite thin films exhibited a red‐shift indicating the increment in conjugation length of the PFO/ZnO nanocomposite. Significant quenching in the emission intensity of PFO was observed in fluorescence spectra of the nanocomposite films. This quenching was attributed to efficient charge transfer in the PFO/ZnO nanocomposites, which was further supported by the shorter PL lifetime of PFO/ZnO than that of the PFO thin film. The continuous decline in PL intensity of these nanocomposites is attributed to homogenous dynamic quenching between PFO and ZnO NRs.
Policy Decomposition for Evaluation Performance Improvement of PDP
Authors: Deng Fan , Chen Ping , Zhang Li-Yong , Wang Xian-Qing , Li Sun-De , Xu Hui
Published: May 2014

In conventional centralized authorization models, the evaluation performance of policy decision point (PDP) decreases obviously with the growing numbers of rules embodied in a policy. Aiming to improve the evaluation performance of PDP, a distributed policy evaluation engine called XDPEE is presented. In this engine, the unicity of PDP in the centralized authorization model is changed by increasing the number of PDPs. A policy should be decomposed into multiple subpolicies each with fewer rules by using a decomposition method, which can have the advantage of balancing the cost of subpolicies deployed to each PDP. Policy decomposition is the key problem of the evaluation performance improvement of PDPs. A greedy algorithm with O(nlgn) time complexity for policy decomposition is constructed. In experiments, the policy of the LMS, VMS, and ASMS in real applications is decomposed separately into multiple subpolicies based on the greedy algorithm. Policy decomposition guarantees that the cost of subpolicies deployed to each PDP is equal or approximately equal. Experimental results show that (1) the method of policy decomposition improves the evaluation performance of PDPs effectively and that (2) the evaluation time of PDPs reduces with the growing numbers of PDPs.
Association betweenNFKB1−94ins/del ATTG Promoter Polymorphism and Cancer Susceptibility: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Xiao , Li Pengchao , Tao Jun , Qin Chao , Cao Qiang , Gu Jinbao , Deng Xiaheng , Wang Jun , Liu Xuzhong , Wang Zijie , Wu Bian , Gu Min , Lu Qiang , Yin Changjun
Published: May 2014

Nuclear factor-κB is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous malignancies, and the functional polymorphism −94ins/del ATTG (rs28362491) in the humanNFKB1gene is associated with cancer risk. Previous studies on the association between the −94ins/del ATTG polymorphism and cancer risk reported conflicting results. To clarify this relationship, we performed a meta-analysis of 21 case-control studies involving 6127 cases and 9238 controls. We used pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to assess the association. We found that theNFKB1promoter −94ins/del ATTG polymorphism was significantly associated with cancer risk in four genetic models (ins/ins versus del/del, OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.11–1.93; dominant model, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.03–1.53; recessive model, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.05–1.51; ins allele versus del allele, OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05–1.35). Stratified analyses revealed a significant association between the polymorphism and ovarian, oral, and prostate cancers. Similar results were determined in an Asian population and not in a Caucasian population. Thus, our results suggested that the polymorphism can contribute to cancer risk. Moreover, the polymorphism can exert race- and cancer-specific effects on cancer risk. Further large-scale and functional studies are necessary to elucidate this possible effect.
Adrenocortical Production Is Associated with Higher Levels of Luteinizing Hormone in Nonobese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Tock Luciana , Carneiro Gláucia , Pereira Andrea Z. , Tufik Sérgio , Zanella Maria Teresa
Published: May 2014

Objective.Insulin resistance (IR) and ovarian and adrenal hyperandrogenism are a common finding in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the present study was to access possible differences in insulin resistance, gonadotropins, and androgens production in obese and nonobese PCOS women.Study Design.We studied 37 PCOS women (16 nonobese and 21 obese) and 18 nonobese controls. Fasting glucose, insulin, androgens, and gonadotropins levels were determined. Salivary cortisol was measured basal and in the morning after dexamethasone (DEX) 0.25 mg.Results.Nonobese PCOS women showed higher basal salivary cortisol and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels than controls and obese PCOS. These hormones levels did not differ between the obese and control groups. After DEX administration no differences were found between the three groups. In PCOS women, salivary cortisol levels showed negative correlation with BMI (r=-0.52;P=0.001) and insulin (r=-0.47;P=0.003) and positive correlation with LH (r=0.40;P=0.016).Conclusion.Our results show an increased adrenocortical production in nonobese PCOS women, not related to IR and associated with a normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression. Higher LH levels might be involved in this event.
Xanthan Gum as an Adjuvant in a Subunit Vaccine Preparation against Leptospirosis
Authors: Bacelo Katia L. , Hartwig Daiane D. , Seixas Fabiana K. , Schuch Rodrigo , Moreira Angelita da S. , Amaral Marta , Collares Tiago , Vendrusculo Claire T. , McBride Alan J. A. , Dellagostin Odir A.
Published: May 2014

Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins are of great interest due to their ability to act as mediators of pathogenesis, serodiagnostic antigens, and immunogens. Purified recombinant LigA protein is the most promising subunit vaccine candidate against leptospirosis reported to date, however, as purified proteins are weak immunogens the use of a potent adjuvant is essential for the success of LigA as a subunit vaccine. In the present study, we compared xanthan pv. pruni (strain 106), aluminium hydroxide (alhydrogel), and CpG ODN as adjuvants in a LigA subunit vaccine preparation. Xanthan gum is a high molecular weight extracellular polysaccharide produced by fermentation ofXanthomonasspp., a plant-pathogenic bacterium genus. Preparations containing xanthan induced a strong antibody response comparable to that observed when alhydrogel was used. Upon challenge with a virulent strain ofL. interrogansserovar Copenhageni, significant protection (Fisher test,P<0.05) was observed in 100%, 100%, and 67% of hamsters immunized with rLigANI-xanthan, LigA-CpG-xanthan, and rLigANI-alhydrogel, respectively. Furthermore, xanthan did not cause cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cellsin vitro. The use of xanthan as an adjuvant is a novel alternative for enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccines against leptospirosis and possibly against other pathogens.
Stable Cracking Particles Method Based on Stabilized Nodal Integration and Updated Lagrangian Kernel
Authors: Xu S.
Published: May 2014

A stable cracking particles method (CPM) based on updated Lagrangian kernels is proposed. The idea of CPM is to model the crack topology by a set of cracked particles. Hence no representation of the crack surface is needed making the method useful for problems involving complex fracture patterns as they occur in dynamics and under fast loading conditions. For computational efficiency, nodal integration is exploited in the present paper. In order to avoid instabilities, a scheme is presented to stabilized the integration. Moreover, a set of simple cracking rules are proposed in order to prevent numerical fracture. The method is applied to two benchmark problems and shows good accuracy.
Supply Chain Coordination for Fixed Lifetime Products with Permissible Delay in Payments
Authors: Duan Yongrui , Li Guiping , Huo Jiazhen
Published: May 2014

This paper considers a two‐level supply chain coordination problem for fixed
lifetime products with permissible delay in payments. Two cases are discussed; that
is, the retailer is required to settle the balance before the end of the ordering cycle
(Case I) and after the ordering cycle (Case II). The coordination models are proposed
and analyzed, respectively. The analytical methods as to how to determine the optimal
policy are presented. In addition, it is indicated that the supplier′s cost as well as that
of the total system will be reduced no matter how much the parameters change, and the
retailer will benefit from coordination, if the supplier is willing to share the cost saving
with him/her in Case I. In Case II, the retailer′s average cost will be reduced and the
supplier will benefit from coordination only under certain conditions. Besides, the results
show that, for fixed lifetime products, providing longer credit period than the retailer′s
order period is not commonly applicable.
Multiple Regression Analysis of mRNA-miRNA Associations in Colorectal Cancer Pathway
Authors: Wang Fengfeng , Wong S. C. Cesar , Chan Lawrence W. C. , Cho William C. S. , Yip S. P. , Yung Benjamin Y. M.
Published: May 2014

Background. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a short and endogenous RNA molecule that regulates posttranscriptional gene expression. It is an important factor for tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), and a potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of CRC. Our objective is to identify the related miRNAs and their associations with genes frequently involved in CRC microsatellite instability (MSI) and chromosomal instability (CIN) signaling pathways.Results. A regression model was adopted to identify the significantly associated miRNAs targeting a set of candidate genes frequently involved in colorectal cancer MSI and CIN pathways. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to construct the model and find the significant mRNA-miRNA associations. We identified three significantly associated mRNA-miRNA pairs: BCL2 was positively associated with miR-16 and SMAD4 was positively associated with miR-567 in the CRC tissue, while MSH6 was positively associated with miR-142-5p in the normal tissue. As for the whole model, BCL2 and SMAD4 models were not significant, and MSH6 model was significant. The significant associations were different in the normal and the CRC tissues.Conclusion. Our results have laid down a solid foundation in exploration of novel CRC mechanisms, and identification of miRNA roles as oncomirs or tumor suppressor mirs in CRC.
Bilingual Language Control and General Purpose Cognitive Control among Individuals with Bilingual Aphasia: Evidence Based on Negative Priming and Flanker Tasks
Authors: Dash Tanya , Kar Bhoomika R.
Published: May 2014

Background. Bilingualism results in an added advantage with respect to cognitive control. The interaction between bilingual language control and general purpose cognitive control systems can also be understood by studying executive control among individuals with bilingual aphasia.Objectives. The current study examined the subcomponents of cognitive control in bilingual aphasia. A case study approach was used to investigate whether cognitive control and language control are two separate systems and how factors related to bilingualism interact with control processes.Methods. Four individuals with bilingual aphasia performed a language background questionnaire, picture description task, and two experimental tasks (nonlinguistic negative priming task and linguistic and nonlinguistic versions of flanker task).Results. A descriptive approach was used to analyse the data using reaction time and accuracy measures. The cumulative distribution function plots were used to visualize the variations in performance across conditions. The results highlight the distinction between general purpose cognitive control and bilingual language control mechanisms.Conclusion. All participants showed predominant use of the reactive control mechanism to compensate for the limited resources system. Independent yet interactive systems for bilingual language control and general purpose cognitive control were postulated based on the experimental data derived from individuals with bilingual aphasia.
Isolation, Identification, Molecular and Electronic Structure, Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation, and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Karanjin Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Pandey Anoop kumar , Bajpai Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Ashok , Pal Mahesh , Baboo Vikas , Dwivedi Apoorva
Published: May 2014

“Karanjin” (3-methoxy furano-2,3,7,8-flavone) is an anti-HIV drug, and it is particularly effective in the treatment of gastric problems. The method of isolation of “Karanjin” followed the Principles of Green Chemistry (eco-friendly and effortless method). The optimized geometry of the “Karanjin” molecule has been determined by the method of density functional theory (DFT). Using this optimized structure, we have calculated the infrared wavenumbers and compared them with the experimental data. The calculated wavenumbers are in an excellent agreement with the experimental values. On the basis of fully optimized ground-state structure, TDDFT//B3LYP/LANL2DZ calculations have been used to determine the low-lying excited states of Karanjin. Based on these results, we have discussed the correlation between the vibrational modes and the crystalline structure of “Karanjin.” A complete assignment is provided for the observed FTIR spectra. This is the first report of the isolation, molecular and electronic structure using vibrational spectroscopic investigation, density functional theory, and anti-HIV-1 activity of “Karanjin.”
Conservative Semidiscrete Difference Schemes for Timoshenko Systems
Authors: Júnior D. S. Almeida
Published: May 2014

We present a parameterized family of finite-difference schemes to analyze the energy properties for linearly elastic constant-coefficient Timoshenko systems considering shear deformation and rotatory inertia. We derive numerical energies showing the positivity, and the energy conservation property and we show how to avoid a numerical anomaly known as locking phenomenon on shear force. Our method of proof relies on discrete multiplier techniques.
CD226rs763361 Is Associated with the Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes and Greater Frequency of GAD65 Autoantibody in a Brazilian Cohort
Authors: Mattana Teresa Cristina Colvara , Santos Aritania Sousa , Fukui Rosa Tsuneshiro , Mainardi-Novo Debora Teixeira Oliveira , Costa Vinícius Silva , Santos Rosa Ferreira , Matioli Sergio Russo , Rossi da Silva Maria Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

CD226rs763361 variant increases susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Caucasians. There is no data aboutCD226variants in the very heterogeneous Brazilian population bearing a wide degree of admixture. We investigated its association with T1D susceptibility, clinical phenotypes, and autoimmune manifestations (islet and extrapancreatic autoantibodies).Casuistry. 532 T1D patients and 594 controls in a case-control study. Initially,CD226coding regions and boundaries were sequenced in a subset of 106 T1D patients and 102 controls. In a second step, twoCD226variants, rs763361 (exon 7) and rs727088 (3′ UTR region), involved withCD226regulation, were genotyped in the entire cohort. C-peptide and autoantibody levels were determined. No new polymorphic variant was found. The variants rs763361 and rs727088 were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The TT genotype of rs763361 was associated with TID risk (OR=1.503;  95%  CI=1.135–1.991;P=0.0044), mainly in femalesP=0.0012, greater frequency of anti-GAD autoantibody (31.9% × 24.5%;OR=1.57;CI=1.136–2.194;P=0.0081), and lower C-peptide levels when compared to those with TC + CC genotypes (0.41±0.30 ng/dL versus0.70±0.53 ng/dLP=0.0218).Conclusions. The rs763361 variant ofCD226gene (TT genotype) was associated with susceptibility to T1D and with the degree of aggressiveness of the disease in T1D patients from Brazil. Ancestry had no effect.
Oral Floor and Gingival Metastasis of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nakanishi Yukihiro , Xu Bo , LeVea Charles
Published: May 2014

The oral cavity is very unusual site of metastases even though wide spread metastatic disease may be present. The most common primary sites that metastasize to the oral cavity are lung, kidney, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We present a rare case of a 77-year-old Caucasian female with metastasis from a cholangiocarcinoma to the oral floor contiguous with lingual gingival mucosa. The patient presented with left sided rib pain. A CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed multiple pulmonary nodules and a single dominant mass in the right lobe of the liver. This tumor was 6.5 cm with multiple satellite lesions surrounding it. The liver biopsy was diagnostic of a moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, consistent with a primary cholangiocarcinoma. After undergoing one cycle of gemcitabine chemotherapy, the patient noticed an extremely rapidly growing mass involving her right lower gingiva and the entire right floor of her mouth. The biopsy of that mass also showed a moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The gingival tumor had a similar cytomorphology and immunophenotype as her cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, an unusual site for metastatic cholangiocarcinoma was confirmed.
Effects of NAA and BAP, Double-Layered Media, and Light Distance onIn VitroRegeneration ofNelumbo nuciferaGaertn. (Lotus), an Aquatic Edible Plant
Authors: Mahmad Noraini , Mat Taha Rosna , Othman Rashidi , Saleh Azani , Hasbullah Nor Azlina , Elias Hashimah
Published: May 2014

In vitrodirect regeneration ofNelumbo nuciferaGaertn. was successfully achieved from immature explants (yellow plumule) cultured on a solid MS media supplemented with combinations of 0.5 mg/L BAP and 1.5 mg/L NAA which resulted in 16.00 ± 0.30 number of shoots per explant and exhibited a new characteristic of layered multiple shoots, while normal roots formed on the solid MS basal media. The double-layered media gave the highest number of shoots per explant with a ratio of 2 : 1 (liquid to solid) with a mean number of 16.67 ± 0.23 shoots per explant with the formation of primary and secondary roots from immature explants. In the study involving light distance, the tallest shoot (16.67 ± 0.23 mm) obtained from the immature explants was at a light distance of 200 mm from the source of inflorescent light (1000 lux). The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in clay loam soil after 8 months being maintained underin vitroconditions.
Robust Observer Design for Switched Positive Linear System with Uncertainties
Authors: Zhong Yanke , Chen Tefang
Published: May 2014

This paper is concerned with the design of a robust observer for the switched positive linear system with uncertainties. Sufficient conditions of building a robust observer are established by using the multiple copositive Lyapunov-krasovskii function and the average dwell time approach. By introducing an auxiliary slack variable, these sufficient conditions are transformed into LMI (linear matrix inequality). A numerical example is given to illustrate the validities of obtained results.
Approximate Homomorphisms and Derivations on Normed Lie Triple Systems
Authors: Kim Hark-Mahn , Lee Juri
Published: May 2014

We investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of homomorphisms and derivations on normed Lie triple systems for the following generalized Cauchy-Jensen additive equationr0f((s∑j=1pxj+t∑j=1dyj)/r0)=s∑j=1p‍f(xj)+t∑j=1d‍f(yj), wherer0,s, and  tare nonzero real numbers. As a results, we generalize some stability results concerning this equation.
Stronger Forms of Sensitivity for Measure-Preserving Maps and Semiflows on Probability Spaces
Authors: Li Risong , Shi Yuming
Published: May 2014

This paper is concerned with some stronger forms of sensitivity for measure-preserving maps and semiflows on probability spaces. A new form of sensitivity is introduced, called ergodic sensitivity. It is shown that, on a metric probability space with a fully supported measure, if a measure-preserving map is weak mixing, then it is ergodically sensitive and multisensitive; and if it is strong mixing, then it is cofinitely sensitive, where it is not required that the map is continuous and the space is compact. Similar results for measure-preserving semiflows are obtained, where it is required in a result about ergodic sensitivity that the space is compact in some sense and the semiflow is continuous. In addition, relationships between some sensitive properties of a map and its iterations are discussed, including syndetic sensitivity, cofinite sensitivity, ergodic sensitivity as well as usual sensitivity,n-sensitivity, and multisensitivity. Moreover, it is shown that multisensitivity, cofinite sensitivity, and ergodic sensitivity can be lifted up by a semiopen factor map.
Bond Strengths of Silorane- and Methacrylate-Based Composites to Various Underlying Materials
Authors: Ozer Sezin , Sen Tunc Emine , Gonulol Nihan
Published: May 2014

Objective. To evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) values of a methacrylate (FZ 250) and a silorane-based (FS) resin composite to various underlying materials.Materials and Methods. A total of 80 samples were prepared with four different underlying materials; a flowable (FLC) and a bulk-fill flowable composite (BFC), and a conventional (CGIC) and resin modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC). These underlying materials were laminated plus to methacrylate or silorane-based resin composites(n=10). To evaluate the specimens SBS values were evaluated with a universal testing machine (cross-head speed; 1.0 mm/min). Statistical comparisons were carried out using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test with a significance level ofP<0.05.Results. SBS values for FZ250 were significantly higher than for FS for all of the underlying materials tested(P<0.05). SBS values of FZ250 to BFC were significantly higher than to all other materials(P<0.05), whereas SBS values of FS did not vary significantly according to underlying material(P>0.05).Conclusion. The use of FS in conjunction with any of the tested materials showed lower SBS than the FZ 250. Also, new low elastic modulus liner BFC presented slightly good interfacial adhesion so, the usage of BFC as an underlying material may be preferable for FZ 250.
The Copper Radioisotopes: A Systematic Review with Special Interest to64Cu
Authors: Niccoli Asabella Artor , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Altini Corinna , Paparella Domenico , Notaristefano Antonio , Rubini Giuseppe
Published: May 2014

Copper (Cu) is an important trace element in humans; it plays a role as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and other proteins crucial for respiration, iron transport, metabolism, cell growth, and hemostasis. Natural copper comprises two stable isotopes,63Cu and65Cu, and 5 principal radioisotopes for molecular imaging applications (60Cu,61Cu,62Cu, and64Cu) and in vivo targeted radiation therapy (64Cu and67Cu). The two potential ways to produce Cu radioisotopes concern the use of the cyclotron or the reactor. A noncopper target is used to produce noncarrier-added Cu thanks to a chemical separation from the target material using ion exchange chromatography achieving a high amount of radioactivity with the lowest possible amount of nonradioactive isotopes. In recent years, Cu isotopes have been linked to antibodies, proteins, peptides, and nanoparticles for preclinical and clinical research; pathological conditions that influence Cu metabolism such as Menkes syndrome, Wilson disease, inflammation, tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance have been studied. We aim to discuss all Cu radioisotopes application focusing on64Cu and in particular its form64CuCl2that seems to be the most promising for its half-life, radiation emissions, and stability with chelators, allowing several applications in oncological and nononcological fields.
Parent Training Interventions for Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Beaudoin Audrée Jeanne , Sébire Guillaume , Couture Mélanie
Published: May 2014

Background. Now that early identification of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is possible, efforts are being made to develop interventions for children under three years of age. Most studies on early intervention have focused on intensive and individual interventions. However, parent training interventions that help parents interact and communicate with their toddlers with ASD might be a good alternative to promote the development of their child’s sociocommunicative skills.Objective. This review aims to systematically examine (1) the use of parent training interventions for children with ASD under three years of age and (2) their effects on children’s development, parents’ well-being and parent-child interactions.Methods. Systematic searches were conducted to retrieve studies in which at least one parent was trained to implement ASD-specific techniques with their toddlers (0–36 months old) with a diagnosis of or suspected ASD.Results. Fifteen studies, involving 484 children (mean age: 23.26 months), were included in this review. Only two of them met criteria for conclusive evidence. Results show that parents were able to implement newly learned strategies and were generally very satisfied with parent training programs. However, findings pertaining to the children’s communication and socioemotional skills, parent-child interactions, and parental well-being were inconclusive.
Berth Allocation Problem with Quay Crane Assignment for Container Terminals Based on Rolling‐Horizon Strategy
Authors: Xiao Ling , Hu Zhi-Hua
Published: May 2014

In order to solve the large‐scale integral dynamic scheduling of continuous berths and quay cranes problem, a method based on rolling‐horizon strategy is proposed. A multiobjective optimization model that is established minimizes the total penalty costs considering vessels’ deviations to their preferred berthing positions, delayed times for berthing comparing to their estimated arrival times, and delayed times for departure comparing to their estimated departure times. Then, the scheduling process was divided into a set of continual scheduling interval according to the dynamic arrival sequences. Meanwhile, rolling‐horizon strategies for setting rolling and frozen windows and the parameter updating strategy are designed. The input parameters of the model in the next rolling window are updated according to the optimal results of each time window which have been obtained. The model is solved by choosing appropriate rolling and freezing window lengths that represents the numbers of adjacent vessels in the sequence of calling vessels. The holistic optimal solution is obtained by gradually rolling and combining the results of each window. Finally, a case study indicated that the rolling schedule can solve large‐scale scheduling problems, and the efficiency of the proposed approach relates to the size of rolling window, freeze ship quantity, and rolling frequency.
Synchronization in a Novel Local‐World Dynamical Network Model
Authors: Tang Jianeng , Liu Peizhong
Published: May 2014

Advances in complex network research have recently stimulated increasing interests in understanding the relationship between the topology and dynamics of complex networks. In the paper, we study the synchronizability of a class of local‐world dynamical networks. Then, we have proposed a local‐world synchronization‐optimal growth topology model. Compared with the local‐world evolving network model, it exhibits a stronger synchronizability. We also investigate the robustness of the synchronizability with respect to random failures and the fragility of the synchronizability with specific removal of nodes.
Restless Leg Syndrome in Diabetics Compared with Normal Controls
Authors: Zobeiri Mehdi , Shokoohi Azita
Published: May 2014

Introduction. Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep disorder which is characterized by urge to move the legs accompanied by disturbing and uncomfortable leg sensation during night and rest. This common condition affects 7–10% of general population and is frequently unrecognized, misdiagnosed, and poorly managed. Several clinical conditions like diabetes have been associated with secondary form of RLS. This study analyzed the frequency and possible risk factor for RLS development in diabetic patient.Material and Methods. This descriptive case-control study was done on 140 consecutive outpatient diabetics and age, sex, and body mass index matched control group. RLS was diagnosed by criteria of the International RLS Study Group.Results. Prevalence of RLS was 28.6% in diabetes and 7.1% in control group (P=0.001). Sex difference was not significant and with rising duration of diabetes prevalence of RLS was not increased.Discussion. With regarding significant association between RLS and diabetes and its negative impact on quality of life/health outcome/sleep/daytime activity/cognitive function/ and mental state of diabetic patient/higher awareness of RLS among physicians and related health worker suggested.
Can Tics be Performed Convincingly by an Actor?
Authors: Müller-Vahl Kirsten R. , Riemann Laura , Krämer Hermann , Münchau Alexander
Published: May 2014

Background. In the German movie “Vincent will Meer” a healthy actor portrays a man with Tourette’s syndrome.Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the performance of tics is convincing and whether this judgment depends on whether he/she suffers from tics or not.Methods. While the movie was broadcasted in German cinemas, we put an online survey (including 28 questions on different aspects related to the observation, performance, and authenticity of tics) on the web pages of the German self-help group. 276/296 surveys submitted could be used for further analyses.Results. 95.7% of all participants felt that the performance of tics was convincing. However, people with tics (n=26) were less convinced compared to those who had never met a person with tics (n=110) (P=0.020).Conclusions. Our results further support the hypothesis that tics are not “abnormal” but “physiological” movements that are only misplaced both in time and context.
Ground Vibration Isolation of Multiple Scattering by Using Rows of Tubular Piles as Barriers
Authors: Sun Miao-miao , Liang Guo-qian , Xia Tang-dai , Chen Xiu-liang , Qian Jing-lin , Fang Hua-jian , Li Xue-mei , Wan Xiao-li
Published: May 2014

A new formal solution for the multiple scattering of plane harmonic waves by a group of arbitrary configuration tubular piles in an elastic total space is derived. Each order of scattering satisfies prescribed boundary conditions at the interface of tubular piles, which is delivered as the sum of incident and scattering waves. The first order performs the scattering wave by each scattered pile and the subsequent orders resulted from the excitation of each pile of first order of scattering from the remaining tubular piles. Advanced scattering orders can be regarded as the same manners. Several series of scattering coefficients are figured out with the aids of addition theorem so that the exact steady-state solution for the scattered displacement and stress is obtained. Particularly, when internal diameter of tubular piles tends to be infinitely small, it degenerates to a solid pile problem. By imposing the normalized displacement amplitudes and transmissibility indices, the influences of specific parameters such as scattering orders, internal and external diameter ratio of piles, pile material rigidity, position and distances between tubular pile and pile rows, and pile numbers are discussed. Certain recommended conclusions have been drawn as the guidelines of practical engineering design for discontinuous barrier of tubular piles.
An Enhanced Differential Evolution Based Algorithm with Simulated Annealing for Solving Multiobjective Optimization Problems
Authors: Chen Bili , Zeng Wenhua , Lin Yangbin , Zhong Qi
Published: May 2014

An enhanced differential evolution based algorithm, named multi-objective differential evolution with simulated annealing algorithm (MODESA), is presented for solving multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). The proposed algorithm utilizes the advantage of simulated annealing for guiding the algorithm to explore more regions of the search space for a better convergence to the true Pareto-optimal front. In the proposed simulated annealing approach, a new acceptance probability computation function based on domination is proposed and some potential solutions are assigned a life cycle to have a priority to be selected entering the next generation. Moreover, it incorporates an efficient diversity maintenance approach, which is used to prune the obtained nondominated solutions for a good distributed Pareto front. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is investigated on a set of five biobjective and two triobjective optimization problems and the results are compared with three other algorithms. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties of Ce Doped Bi2MoO6 Nanoplates
Authors: Phuruangrat Anukorn , Ekthammathat Nuengruethai , Kuntalue Budsabong , Dumrongrojthanath Phattranit , Thongtem Somchai , Thongtem Titipun
Published: May 2014

Undoped and Ce doped Bi2MoO6 samples were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction at 180°C for 20 h. Phase, morphology, atomic vibration, and optical properties were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and UV‐visible spectroscopy. In this research, the products were orthorhombic Bi2MoO6 nanoplates with the growth direction along the [0b0], including the asymmetric and symmetric stretching and bending modes of Bi–O and Mo–O. Undoped and Ce doped Bi2MoO6 samples show a strong absorption in the UV region.
The Hopf Bifurcation Analysis and Optimal Control of a Delayed SIR Epidemic Model
Authors: Abta Abdelhadi , Laarabi Hassan , Talibi Alaoui Hamad
Published: May 2014

We propose a delayed SIR model with saturated incidence rate.
The delay is incorporated into the model in order to model the latent period. The basic reproductive number
R0 is obtained. Furthermore, using time delay as a bifurcation parameter, it is proven that there exists a critical value of delay for the stability of diseases prevalence. When the delay exceeds the critical value, the system loses its stability and a Hopf bifurcation occurs. The model is extended to assess
the impact of some control measures, by reformulating the model as an optimal control problem with vaccination and treatment. The existence of the optimal control is also proved. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical
analysis.
Vitamin D Receptor Agonists: Suitable Candidates as Novel Therapeutic Options in Autoimmune Inflammatory Myopathy
Authors: Crescioli Clara
Published: May 2014

The primary aim in the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory myopathies (IMs) is to recover muscle function. The presence of immune/inflammatory cell infiltrates within muscle tissues represents the common feature of different IM subtypes, albeit a correlation between muscular damage extent and inflammation degree is often lacking. Treatments for IMs are based on life-long immunosuppressive therapy, with the well known adverse effects; recovery is incomplete for many patients. More effective therapies, with reduced side-effects, are highly desirable. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists emerge to retain pleiotropic anti-inflammatory properties, since they regulate innate and adaptive immunity by switching the immune response from proinflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) type to tolerogenic T helper 2 (Th2) type dominance. In skeletal muscle cells less hypercalcemic VDR ligands target powerful mediators of inflammation, such as TNFαand TNFαdriven paths, without affecting immune or muscle cells viability, retaining the potentiality to counteract Th1 driven overreactivity established by the self-enhancing inflammatory loop between immune and skeletal muscle cells. This review summarizes those features of VDR agonists as candidates in future treatment of IM.
Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for the Treatment of Clinically Presumed Fungal Keratitis
Authors: Li Liang-Mao , Zhao Li-Quan , Qu Ling-Hui , Li Peng
Published: May 2014

This retrospective study was to evaluate treatment outcomes of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for clinically presumed fungal keratitis. Forty-seven eyes of 47 consecutive patients underwent manual superficial debridement and PTK. All corneal lesions were located in the anterior stroma and were resistant to medication therapy for at least one week. Data were collected by a retrospective chart review with at least six months of follow-up data available. After PTK, infected corneal lesions were completely removed and the clinical symptoms resolved in 41 cases (87.2%). The mean ablation depth was114.39±45.51 μm and diameter of ablation was4.06±1.07 mm. The mean time for healing of the epithelial defect was8.8±5.6days. Thirty-four eyes (82.9%) showed an improvement in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of two or more lines. PTK complications included mild to moderate corneal haze, hyperopic shift, irregular astigmatism, and thinning cornea. Six eyes (12.8%) still showed progressed infection, and conjunctival flap covering, amniotic membrane transplantation, or penetrating keratoplasty were given. PTK is a valuable therapeutic alternative for superficial infectious keratitis. It can effectively eradicate lesions, hasten reepithelialization, and restore and preserve useful visual function. However, the selection of surgery candidates should be conducted carefully.
American Ginseng Extract (Panax quinquefolius L.) Is Safe in Long‐Term Use in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mucalo Iva , Jovanovski Elena , Vuksan Vladimir , Božikov Velimir , Romić Željko , Rahelić Dario
Published: May 2014

Aim. The objective of the present study was to test the safety of supplementation with the American ginseng (AG) interventional material as an adjunct to conventional therapy (diet and/or medications) in type 2 diabetes, using a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel design. Methods. Each participant received either AG (10% ginsenosides) or placebo capsules (500 mg/meal = 3 g/day) for a period of 12 weeks. Outcomes included measures of safety including kidney function (urates and creatinine), liver function (AST and ALT), and haemostatic function (PV and INR). Results. Seventy‐four participants with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes (sex: 28 M and 46 F, age: 63 ± 9.5, BMI: 32 ± 5, and HbA1c: 7 ± 1.3), randomized to either intervention (n = 35) or control (n = 39) group, completed the study. There was no change in any of the measures of safety between treatments from baseline. The number or severity of adverse events did not differ between the AG intervention and placebo. Conclusion. Following 12 weeks of supplementation with AG, safety was not compromised in a high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk population of patients with type 2 diabetes. This demonstrated that safety is noteworthy, as reviews have continuously warned of possible adverse effects of ginseng consumption.
Mathematical Modeling of an Active-Fiber Composite Energy Harvester with Interdigitated Electrodes
Authors: Jemai A. , Najar F. , Chafra M. , Ounaies Z.
Published: May 2014

The use of active-fiber composites (AFC) instead of traditional ceramic piezoelectric materials is motivated by flexibility and relatively high actuation capacity. Nevertheless, their energy harvesting capabilities remain low. As a first step toward the enhancement of AFC’s performances, a mathematical model that accurately simulates the dynamic behavior of the AFC is proposed. In fact, most of the modeling approaches found in the literature for AFC are based on finite element methods. In this work, we use homogenization techniques to mathematically describe piezoelectric properties taking into consideration the composite structure of the AFC. We model the interdigitated electrodes as a series of capacitances and current sources linked in parallel; then we integrate these properties into the structural model of the AFC. The proposed model is incorporated into a vibration based energy harvesting system consisting of a cantilever beam on top of which an AFC patch is attached. Finally, analytical solutions of the dynamic behavior and the harvested voltage are proposed and validated with finite element simulations.
A Driving Force Analysis and Forecast for Gas Consumption Demand in China
Authors: Zhu Qing , Lu Quan-Ying , Zhou Xiao-Yang , Lai Kin Keung
Published: May 2014

In recent years, gas has begun to be widely used in power generation as well as in manufacturing because of the environmental advantages, lower cost, and the relative safety and reliability. Accurate prediction of future gas consumption is of great importance for energy security. In this paper, we first use path analysis to select the core factors that impact gas consumption, then use the RBF‐QRNN model and BVAR model separately to predict future gas consumption, and finally discuss and compare the results from the two models. The results show that if there is a positive growth in GDP, urbanization, and population, then gas consumption is expected to increase over a comparatively long time. In detail, gas consumption is expected to remain at about 25% of all energy consumption, GDP’s contribution to gas consumption is expected to be about 53%, and the urbanization rate contribution would be about 15%. Gas consumption in China is predicted to reach around 178649.23 million cubic meters by the end of 2015 and about 264698.86 million cubic meters by 2020.
Monoclonal Antibody Targeting of the Cell Surface Molecule TM4SF5 Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kwon Sanghoon , Choi Kyung-Chan , Kim Young-Eun , Ha Yang-Wha , Kim Dongbum , Park Byoung Kwon , Wu Guang , Kim Doo-Sik , Lee Younghee , Kwon Hyung-Joo
Published: May 2014

The cell surface transmembrane receptor TM4SF5 has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its candidacy as a therapeutic target has not been evaluated. Building on findings that immunization with a peptide vaccine targeting human TM4SF5 can exert prophylactic and therapeutic effects in a murine model of HCC, we developed a monoclonal antibody to characterize expression of TM4SF5 in HCC and to target its function there as an anticancer strategy. We found that the antibody modulated cell signaling in HCC cells in vitro, reducing cell motility, modulating E-cadherin expression, altering p27kip1 localization, and increasing RhoA activity. Using a mouse xenograft model of human HCC, we documented the in vivo efficacy of the antibody, which suppressed tumor growth in either tumor prevention or treatment designs. Our work offers a preclinical proof of concept for TM4SF5 as a promising target for antibody therapeutics to treat HCC. Cancer Res; 74(14); 3844–56. ©2014 AACR.
The Applicability of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health to Study Lifestyle and Quality of Life of Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: van Roekel Eline H. , Bours Martijn J.L. , de Brouwer Carin P.M. , Ten Napel Huib , Sanduleanu Silvia , Beets Geerard L. , Kant IJmert , Weijenberg Matty P.
Published: May 2014

Background: Well-designed studies on lifestyle and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in colorectal cancer survivors based on a biopsychosocial instead of a traditional biomedical approach are warranted. We report on the applicability of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as useful biopsychosocial framework to improve research on how lifestyle influences colorectal cancer survivors' HRQoL, using the Energy for life after ColoRectal cancer (EnCoRe) study as an example.

Methods: The ICF was used to develop a conceptual model for studying lifestyle and colorectal cancer survivors' HRQoL, by identifying relevant factors from literature and mapping them within the ICF. Subsequently, this model was used for selection of measurement instruments and biomarkers. By linking meaningful concepts within selected measures to the ICF, we could assess the ICF coverage of our developed conceptual model.

Results: Within selected measures, 450 meaningful concepts were identified, of which 88% were linked to the ICF. The linking process resulted in 132 distinctive ICF categories assigned (38% within “Body Functions,” 2% within “Body Structures,” 46% within “Activities and Participation,” and 14% within “Environmental Factors”).

Conclusions: The selected EnCoRe study measures broadly cover ICF domains relevant to colorectal cancer survivors, stressing the relevance of using a biopsychosocial approach for studying this population's HRQoL.

Impact: The developed conceptual model will guide data analyses and interpretation, and facilitate early transfer of results for development, evaluation, and implementation of personalized multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions. We recommend the ICF as an invaluable framework for improving the quality and scope of HRQoL studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1394–405. ©2014 AACR.
Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Aromatase Expression in Lung Adenocarcinomas with EGFR Mutations
Authors: Kohno Mikihiro , Okamoto Tatsuro , Suda Kenichi , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Kitahara Hirokazu , Shimamatsu Shinichiro , Konishi Hideyuki , Yoshida Tsukihisa , Takenoyama Mitsuhiro , Yano Tokujiro , Maehara Yoshihiko
Published: May 2014

Purpose: Lung adenocarcinomas among never-smokers are more common in females than in males. This implies that gender-dependent hormones promote smoking unrelated lung adenocarcinoma. We therefore investigated mRNA expression of aromatase, an intrinsic estrogen synthetase, in lung adenocarcinoma and assessed its correlation to clinicopathologic factors, including EGFR mutations and postsurgical prognosis.

Experimental Design: Aromatase mRNA expression in primary tumor samples from 110 patients with lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated with qRT-PCR. Inhibitory effects of the aromatase inhibitor exemestane were assessed in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (11-18 and HCC4006), which have EGFR mutations, separately and combined with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib.

Results: Aromatase gene expression was not correlated with patients' clinicopathologic factors, including EGFR mutation status. High aromatase expression was associated with poor prognosis for both recurrence-free survival (P = 0.004) and overall survival (P = 0.003). In addition, the prognostic significance of aromatase expression was limited to females, never-smokers, and patients with EGFR mutations, but not in their counterparts. HCC4006, which has a low aromatase mRNA expression level, was not sensitive to exemestane, either alone or combined with erlotinib. In contrast, growth of 11-18 cells, which have high aromatase expression, was significantly inhibited by exemestane, both alone and combined with erlotinib.

Conclusions: Aromatase is a candidate prognostic factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, especially in those with EGFR mutations, and may also be a beneficial therapeutic target in those patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(13); 3613–22. ©2014 AACR.