bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost awareness among intensivists in their daily clinical practice: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Lehut Timothée , Lambert Céline , Mortier Romain , Futier Emmanuel , Chabanne Russell , Bauer Ulrich , Verdier Philippe , Ravan Ramin , Ocquidant Philippe , Mourgues Charline , Lautrette Alexandre
Published: March 2024

Background

Better cost-awareness is a prerogative in achieving the best benefit/risk/cost ratio in the care. We aimed to assess the cost-awareness of intensivists in their daily clinical practice and to identify factors associated with accurate estimate of cost (50–150% of the real cost).

Methods

We performed a prospective observational study in seven French ICUs. We compared the estimate of intensivists of the daily costs of caring with the real costs on a given day. The estimates covered five categories (drugs, laboratory tests, imaging modalities, medical devices, and waste) whose sum represented the overall cost.

Results

Of the 234 estimates made by 65 intensivists, 70 (29.9%) were accurate. The median overall cost estimate (€330 [170; 620]) was significantly higher than the real cost (€178 [124; 239], p < 0.001). This overestimation was found in four categories, in particular for waste (€40 [15; 100] vs. €1.1 [0.6; 2.3], p < 0.001). Only the laboratory tests were underestimated (€65 [30; 120] vs. €106 [79; 138], p < 0.001). Being aware of the financial impact of prescriptions was factor associated with accurate estimate (OR: 5.05, 95%CI:1.47–17.4, p = 0.01). However, feeling able to accurately perform estimation was factor negatively associated with accurate estimate (OR: 0.11, 95%CI: 0.02–0.71, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

French intensivists have a poor awareness of costs in their daily clinical practice. Raising awareness of the financial impact of prescriptions, and of the cost of laboratory tests and waste are the main areas for improvement that could help achieve the objective of the best care at the best cost.
Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing under fixed and proportional costs in multi-asset setting and finite probability space
Authors: Zastawniak Tomasz
Published: March 2024

The Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing is extended to a market model over a finite probability space with many assets that can be exchanged into one another under combined fixed and proportional transaction costs. The absence of arbitrage in this setting is shown to be equivalent to the existence of a family of absolutely continuous single-step probability measures and a multi-dimensional martingale with respect to such a family.
Adaptive Machine Learning Approach for Importance Evaluation of Multimodal Breast Cancer Radiomic Features
Authors: Del Corso Giulio , Germanese Danila , Caudai Claudia , Anastasi Giada , Belli Paolo , Formica Alessia , Nicolucci Alberto , Palma Simone , Pascali Maria Antonietta , Pieroni Stefania , Trombadori Charlotte , Colantonio Sara , Franchini Michela , Molinaro Sabrina
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer holds the highest diagnosis rate among female tumors and is the leading cause of death among women. Quantitative analysis of radiological images shows the potential to address several medical challenges, including the early detection and classification of breast tumors. In the P.I.N.K study, 66 women were enrolled. Their paired Automated Breast Volume Scanner (ABVS) and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) images, annotated with cancerous lesions, populated the first ABVS+DBT dataset. This enabled not only a radiomic analysis for the malignant vs. benign breast cancer classification, but also the comparison of the two modalities. For this purpose, the models were trained using a leave-one-out nested cross-validation strategy combined with a proper threshold selection approach. This approach provides statistically significant results even with medium-sized data sets. Additionally it provides distributional variables of importance, thus identifying the most informative radiomic features. The analysis proved the predictive capacity of radiomic models even using a reduced number of features. Indeed, from tomography we achieved AUC-ROC $$89.9\%$$

89.9
%

using 19 features and $$92.1\%$$

92.1
%

using 7 of them; while from ABVS we attained an AUC-ROC of $$72.3\%$$

72.3
%

using 22 features and $$85.8\%$$

85.8
%

using only 3 features. Although the predictive power of DBT outperforms ABVS, when comparing the predictions at the patient level, only 8.7% of lesions are misclassified by both methods, suggesting a partial complementarity. Notably, promising results (AUC-ROC ABVS-DBT $$71.8\%$$

71.8
%

-$$74.1\%$$

74.1
%

) were achieved using non-geometric features, thus opening the way to the integration of virtual biopsy in medical routine.
Factors Influencing Tobacco Smoking and Cessation Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hoang Thanh H. L. , Nguyen Van M. , Adermark Louise , Alvarez Gloria G. , Shelley Donna , Ng Nawi
Published: March 2024

Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH), yet there is a lack of data on smoking behaviours and effective treatments in this population. Understanding factors influencing tobacco smoking and cessation is crucial to guide the design of effective interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in both high-income (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) synthesised existing evidence on associated factors of smoking and cessation behaviour among PLWH. Male gender, substance use, and loneliness were positively associated with current smoking and negatively associated with smoking abstinence. The association of depression with current smoking and lower abstinence rates were observed only in HICs. The review did not identify randomised controlled trials conducted in LMICs. Findings indicate the need to integrate smoking cessation interventions with mental health and substance use services, provide greater social support, and address other comorbid conditions as part of a comprehensive approach to treating tobacco use in this population. Consistent support from health providers trained to provide advice and treatment options is also an important component of treatment for PLWH engaged in care, especially in LMICs.
A Bounded Below, Noncontractible, Acyclic Complex Of Projective Modules
Authors: Positselski L.
Published: March 2024

We construct examples of bounded below, noncontractible, acyclic
complexes of finitely generated projective modules over some rings S,
as well as bounded above, noncontractible, acyclic complexes of
injective modules.
The rings S are certain rings of infinite matrices with entries in
the rings of commutative polynomials or formal power series in
infinitely many variables.
In the world of comodules or contramodules over coalgebras over
fields, similar examples exist over the cocommutative symmetric
coalgebra of an infinite-dimensional vector space.
A simpler, universal example of a bounded below, noncontractible,
acyclic complex of free modules with one generator, communicated to
the author by Canonaco, is included at the end of the paper.
Performance-based versus conventional seismic design: comparative assessment on a 4-story RC moment frame
Authors: Chatzidaki Akrivi , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios , Hernández-Montes Enrique
Published: March 2024

Five different design approaches are compared on a single mid-rise reinforced concrete building, pitting two performance-based designs against three conventional methods in delivering a solution that satisfies different sets of performance objectives. Two of the conventional designs stem from the literature, and they represent 2003 IBC compatible solutions. Another employs the yield point spectra to deliver a code-like solution, satisfying the design norms without needing iterations. The final two are based on the yield frequency spectra to offer a design that can satisfy more detailed performance objectives in a single step. Overall, all five methods are shown to deliver what is expected. Conventional methods can safely capture the code requirements, yet they are disadvantaged when treading in beyond-life-safety territory, where Immediate Occupancy or Collapse Prevention objectives cannot be easily satisfied, a problem that is not shared by performance-based approaches.
Disentangling effects of multiple agricultural stressors on benthic and hyporheic nitrate uptake
Authors: Pasqualini Julia , Graeber Daniel , Bartusch Alexander , Kümmel Steffen , Hernandez Zulma Lorena Duran , Musat Niculina , Sunjidmaa Nergui , Weitere Markus , Brauns Mario
Published: March 2024

Agricultural land use alters nitrate (NO3–) uptake dynamics in streams, but the specific mechanisms linking individual agricultural stressors to benthic and hyporheic uptake remain unclear. Using stream-side mesocosms and 15N-nitrate additions, we examined the individual and combined effects of fine sediment (FS) and augmented light and phosphorus levels (L&P) on benthic and hyporheic NO3– uptake rates. In absence of FS, L&P stimulated uptake of autotrophic and heterotrophic biofilms, leading to a 12- and 7-fold increase in the benthic and hyporheic compartments, respectively. Under ambient light and nutrient conditions, FS reduced by 3-fold benthic uptake, but effects were not significant. Conversely, in the hyporheic compartment, FS induced anoxic conditions, likely stimulating denitrification and causing a 14-fold increase in hyporheic uptake. When these stressors were combined, they did not interact in the benthic compartment. Conversely, in the hyporheic compartment they interacted antagonistically, with L&P diminishing the increase in uptake induced by FS. Our results indicate that the previously observed increase of whole-stream NO3– uptake in agricultural streams is attributable to nutrients and light stimulating benthic uptake, while fine sediment effects and the role of the hyporheic compartment to total uptake are modest. Moreover, the finding that stressor interactions vary with ecosystem compartments calls for a consideration of all compartments and their contribution to whole-system functioning in multiple stressor studies. We are beginning to understand how multiple interacting stressors affect stream functioning, but more mechanistic evidence is needed to disentangle whether additive or non-additive effects prevail in human-altered ecosystems.
Sustainable indigenous bio-mixture for restoration the soil point source pollution with special reference to chlorpyrifos
Authors: Mansee Ayman H. , Ebrahim Amal M. , Koreish Essam A.
Published: March 2024

Improper pesticide handling is the main cause of contamination of the environment in agricultural systems. This could be caused by leakage of spraying liquid, leftovers, and inappropriate washing of spraying equipment. This study assessed the ability of suggested biomixture modules for remediate repetitive cycles of high chlorpyrifos doses. In three consecutive treatments, four tested modules were contaminated with 160 µg g−1 chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos residues, dehydrogenase activity, and microbial respiration were continuously monitored for 22 weeks. Six bacterial consortia were isolated at the end of the experiment from four treated modules (B+3, BF+3, S+3, and SF+3) and two from untreated modules (B and S). The isolated consortium efficiency in degrading chlorpyrifos was studied. The results revealed that the best chlorpyrifos removal efficiency was achieved when using the stimulated biomixture module (BF) recorded 98%, 100%, and 89%, at the end of three chlorpyrifos treatments, respectively. Such removal efficiency was compatible with the biological activity results of the tested modules: dehydrogenase activity and microbial respiration. There was no difference in the efficiency among the S, B, and BF+3 consortia. The results presented here demonstrate that the combination of vermicompost, wheat straw, soil, and NPK (stimulated biomixture module) can successfully reduce the risk of a point source of pesticide pollution.
Estimation of the addition of fly ash and its environmental impact in the manufacture of cement pastes
Authors: Alonso Juan D. , Gaviria Ximena , López Julián E. , Saldarriaga Juan F.
Published: March 2024

The cement industry is one of those that consumes the most energy, due to the high temperatures required to produce this material, and it is also one of the most that generates high CO2 emissions. In this work, the addition of sugarcane ash, bituminous coal and hazardous residues in cement pastes were evaluated. For this, cement pastes were produced in accordance with ASTM C305, from which the test specimens were prepared to analyze compressive strength and parallel to this, metal leaching tests were performed using the SPLP procedure. Following this, the reactivity of the fly ash in the cement pastes was evaluated by means of thermogravimetric tests. The different analyzes were carried out at the ages of 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 90 and 180 days. The ashes were characterized by XRF, XRD, and laser grain size, where the SiO2 and Al2O3 contents in the cane and bituminous coal ash were relatively high, contrary to what was obtained in the treated and untreated hazardous waste ash. These results are quite innovative because there are few works using HW in the literature. Cements with CAN, BIT, and THW5 were found to show equivalent and even superior compressive strength performance when compared to control. This work can be used as a guide and an inspiration for policymakers who want to apply this kind of material in the cement sector and promote evidence-based decisions and regulations.
K3 surfaces with two involutions and low Picard number
Authors: Festi Dino , Nijgh Wim , Platt Daniel
Published: March 2024

LetXbe a complex algebraic K3 surface of degree 2dand with Picard number$$\rho $$ρ. Assume thatXadmits two commuting involutions: one holomorphic and one anti-holomorphic. In that case,$$\rho \ge 1$$ρ≥1when$$d=1$$d=1and$$\rho \ge 2$$ρ≥2when$$d \ge 2$$d≥2. For$$d=1$$d=1, the first example defined over$${\mathbb {Q}}$$Qwith$$\rho =1$$ρ=1was produced already in 2008 by Elsenhans and Jahnel. A K3 surface provided by Kondō, also defined over$${\mathbb {Q}}$$Q, can be used to realise the minimum$$\rho =2$$ρ=2for all$$d\ge 2$$d≥2. In these notes we construct new explicit examples of K3 surfaces over the rational numbers realising the minimum$$\rho =2$$ρ=2for$$d=2,3,4$$d=2,3,4. We also show that a nodal quartic surface can be used to realise the minimum$$\rho =2$$ρ=2for infinitely many different values ofd. Finally, we strengthen a result of Morrison by showing that for any even latticeNof rank$$1\le r \le 10$$1≤r≤10and signature$$(1,r-1)$$(1,r-1)there exists a K3 surfaceYdefined over$${\mathbb {R}}$$Rsuch that$${{\,\textrm{Pic}\,}}Y_{\mathbb {C}}={{\,\textrm{Pic}\,}}Y \cong N$$PicYC=PicY≅N.
How Do Secondary-School Teachers Design STEM Teaching–Learning Sequences? A Mixed Methods Study for Identifying Design Profiles
Authors: Grimalt-Álvaro Carme , López-Simó Víctor , Tena Èlia
Published: March 2024

Due to the increasing presence of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education paradigm in Spain, many teachers have embarked on the design of specific Teaching–Learning Sequences (TLS) to be implemented in schools. Understanding the views and perceptions about STEM that take shape in specific teachers’ designs should enrich the way in which STEM education is designed based on a more focused approach. This study aims to characterise how secondary school teachers from Catalonia (Spain) design STEM TLS, to identify specific design profiles that can be related to different understandings of STEM education based on a mixed-method analytical approach. We collected 345 canvases from teachers participating in a national STEM education training programme, outlining STEM TLS. The canvases were analysed with an assessment rubric consisting of 8 instructional components (Interdisciplinarity, STEM practices, Information and Communications Technology tools, Formalisation, Openness, Alignment, Authenticity and Values). We identified patterns in teachers’ designs while implementing a hierarchical cluster analysis of the results, obtaining 6 different clusters of 39, 36, 66, 49, 90, and 65 TLS, respectively. The diverse components prioritised or balanced in each cluster suggest how STEM education can be conceived of differently by participating teachers through the lens of component analysis. While authenticity appears to be a major force in the clustering process, direct relationships between components can be found (i.e., between Formalisation and Alignment), as well as inverse relationships (i.e., between Openness and Practices). These findings provide important clues to understand STEM TLS design and recognise the rubric and the cluster definition as powerful tools for teacher training and evaluation in STEM education.
Glacier: guided locally constrained counterfactual explanations for time series classification
Authors: Wang Zhendong , Samsten Isak , Miliou Ioanna , Mochaourab Rami , Papapetrou Panagiotis
Published: March 2024

In machine learning applications, there is a need to obtain predictive models of high performance and, most importantly, to allow end-users and practitioners to understand and act on their predictions. One way to obtain such understanding is via counterfactuals, that provide sample-based explanations in the form of recommendations on which features need to be modified from a test example so that the classification outcome of a given classifier changes from an undesired outcome to a desired one. This paper focuses on the domain of time series classification, more specifically, on defining counterfactual explanations for univariate time series. We propose , a model-agnostic method for generating locally-constrained counterfactual explanations for time series classification using gradient search either on the original space or on a latent space that is learned through an auto-encoder. An additional flexibility of our method is the inclusion of constraints on the counterfactual generation process that favour applying changes to particular time series points or segments while discouraging changing others. The main purpose of these constraints is to ensure more reliable counterfactuals, while increasing the efficiency of the counterfactual generation process. Two particular types of constraints are considered, i.e., example-specific constraints and global constraints. We conduct extensive experiments on 40 datasets from the UCR archive, comparing different instantiations of against three competitors. Our findings suggest that outperforms the three competitors in terms of two common metrics for counterfactuals, i.e., proximity and compactness. Moreover, obtains comparable counterfactual validity compared to the best of the three competitors. Finally, when comparing the unconstrained variant of to the constraint-based variants, we conclude that the inclusion of example-specific and global constraints yields a good performance while demonstrating the trade-off between the different metrics.
Different gait combinations based on multi-modal deep CNN architectures
Authors: Yaprak Büşranur , Gedikli Eyüp
Published: March 2024

Gait recognition is the process of identifying a person from a distance based on their walking patterns. However, the recognition rate drops significantly under cross-view angle and appearance-based variations. In this study, the effectiveness of the most well-known gait representations in solving this problem is investigated based on deep learning. For this purpose, a comprehensive performance evaluation is performed by combining different modalities, including silhouettes, optical flows, and concatenated image of the Gait Energy Image (GEI) head and leg region, with GEI itself. This evaluation is carried out across different multimodal deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, namely fine-tuned EfficientNet-B0, MobileNet-V1, and ConvNeXt-base models. These models are trained separately on GEIs, silhouettes, optical flows, and concatenated image of GEI head and leg regions, and then extracted GEI features are fused in pairs with other extracted modality features to find the most effective gait combination. Experimental results on the two different datasets CASIA-B and Outdoor-Gait show that the concatenated image of GEI head and leg regions significantly increased the recognition rate of the networks compared to other modalities. Moreover, this modality demonstrates greater robustness under varied carrying (BG) and clothing (CL) conditions compared to optical flows (OF) and silhouettes (SF). Codes available at https://github.com/busrakckugurlu/Different-gait-combinations-based-on-multi-modal-deep-CNN-architectures.git
Droit et Territoire(s)
Authors: Moor Pierre
Published: March 2024

La localisation des implantations des grands éléments d’infrastructure collective pose des problèmes de légitimation juridique spécifique. Ils délimitent en effet plusieurs territoires distincts en fonction de la nature des impacts qu’ils provoquent, lesquels, chacun, sont soumis à leurs propres législations et rentrent dans les compétences d’autorités différentes, y compris celle dont dépend la décision sur l’infrastructure envisagée. De telles situations normatives complexes empêchent la sémantisation légitimante que le droit est censé assurer dans les décisions de l’appareil étatique: elle sera toujours partielle, voire lacunaire. Les compensations ne peuvent être que procédurales, et celles-ci sont insuffisantes à atteindre l’idéal postulé par le principe de légalité des activités publiques. Mais il ne peut en aller autrement pour ces infrastructures.
Rhythmic gymnastics, is a healthy or a deleterious sport for the athletes? An exploratory study on eating disorders in southern Italy
Authors: Petrigna Luca , Sortino Martina , Trovato Bruno , Alongi Simona , Musumeci Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

Background

The practice of sports is not always associated with the concept of health. Rhythmic gymnastics often witnesses athletes adopting unhealthy eating habits. This may lead to eating disorders.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate a sample of rhythmic gymnasts from Southern Italy in terms of eating habits, eating disorders, and menstrual cycles disorders.

Methods

Girls under 19 years of age who practice rhythmic gymnastics answered two questionnaires: the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26); and the Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE). An health questionnaire was also proposed.

Results

The participants had a mean body mass index of 17.9 ± 2.2 kg/m2; 33.33% of the gymnasts reported a score ≥ 20 in the EAT, indicating a possible eating disorder. On the BITE Symptom subscale, 6.7% of the gymnasts had a score between 10 and 19 (abnormal eating habits); 10% scored ≥ 20 (highly disordered eating possible binge eating). Some gymnasts presented altered menstrual cycle.

Conclusion

the findings emphasize the need for special attention to eating disorders, menstrual alteration, and education among rhythmic gymnasts. Coaches and team managers should institute monitoring and preventive measures to address these issues as athletes transition into adulthood.
Social distance behind bars: comparing inmates’ and prison officers’ perceptions of the social climate during the COVID-19 pandemic in German prisons
Authors: Richter Melanie S. , Hamatschek Marie Joséphine
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges to prison officers and inmates alike. Since it impacted all areas of the working and living environment, it was assumed that the social climate in prison changed as a result. As part of the Corona Behind Bars project, this study had two objectives: first, to compare how the social climate (Essen Climate Evaluation Schema) is perceived by inmates (N = 956) and prison officers (N = 502) as a result of the pandemic. Second, to analyze the impact of the burden of contact restrictions between inmates and prison officers on their respective perceptions of the social climate. In line with the differences between inmates and prison officers reported in the literature, inmates reported significantly higher values on the dimension experienced safety than did prison officers, while prison officers reported significantly higher values on the dimension therapeutic hold. No significant difference was found for the dimension inmate cohesion. Compared to norm values both the prison officers and the inmates rated the social climate as clearly below average. The moderation analysis revealed an interaction of status group × burden of contact restriction: The impact of the burden of contact restriction on social climate perception was more pronounced for inmates than for prison officers. Overall, the results suggest that the perception of the social climate was adversely affected by the pandemic for the prison officers and the inmates. However, the specific factors contributing to this deterioration appear to be group-specific.
Exploring childhood cancer survivor, parent, healthcare and community professionals’ experiences of, and priorities for, using digital health to engage in physical activity: a mixed methods study
Authors: Ha Lauren , Nevin Suzanne M. , Wakefield Claire E. , Jacovou Jacqueline , Mizrahi David , Signorelli Christina
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Digital health interventions provide an innovative way to engage childhood cancer survivors in physical activity, yet few studies have explored the priorities of key stakeholders regarding using digital health. We aimed to investigate survivor, parent, and healthcare and community professional (HCP) experiences, priorities, and perceived importance of using digital health to promote physical activity behaviours for survivors.

Methods

Participants rated the importance of digital health features to promote physical activity in a survey. Guided by survey responses, we facilitated online focus groups or semi-structured interviews to discuss participants’ experiences, priorities, and suggestions in-depth. We transcribed the data verbatim and conducted directed content analysis.

Results

Forty participants took part in focus groups or interviews (including 9 childhood cancer survivors aged 8–21 years, 13 parents, and 18 HCP). Four key priorities were identified: health behaviour education, peer and parent involvement, goalsetting, and support from an HCP. There was a strong preference for digital mediums to facilitate physical activity due to its accessibility and convenience. Common intervention suggestions included earlier intervention (before the survivorship period), tailored and age-appropriate programs, a combined diet and exercise approach, and concise education delivery.

Conclusions

This study identified key priorities that may help to promote physical activity behaviours among childhood cancer survivors. Further research is needed to integrate these priorities into health behaviour interventions and evaluate their feasibility and efficacy.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Incorporating these multi-perspective priorities into future interventions will help to ensure their sustainability, acceptability, and uptake. This will in turn support childhood cancer survivors to develop a healthy lifestyle into adulthood.
Aluminum Foam Sandwiches: A Lighter Future for Car Bodies
Authors: Neu T. R. , Heim K. , Seeliger W. , Kamm P. H. , García-Moreno F.
Published: March 2024

An aluminum foam sandwich (AFS) is a lightweight material that has great potential for applications in the automotive industry. In this work, the production routes of metal foams and metal foam sandwiches are reviewed. We compare the mechanical properties of AFS, such as high mass-specific bending stiffness, compressive strength and crash-absorption capacity, with other materials such as steel, aluminum alloys, or fiber composites and place them in a cost/weight comparison. Additional functional properties such as high electromagnetic damping, increased sound absorption, and improved fire resistance underline its multi-functional character. Furthermore, possible joining techniques and parts of AFS for modern car bodies, such as the battery box, are discussed.
Role of Austenite Stability in Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties of Gas Metal Arc-Directed Energy Deposition Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: DeNonno Olivia , Gonzales Juan Felipe , Tate Stephen , Hamlin Robert , Klemm-Toole Jonah
Published: March 2024

A gas metal-directed energy deposition process was used to fabricate builds using two commercial weld fillers used in power generation applications, 16-8-2 and 316H. Microstructure stability and mechanical properties were investigated through room-temperature and elevated temperature tensile testing and creep testing at 650°C, 750°C, and 825°C. 16-8-2 exhibited reduced austenite stability which resulted in athermal martensite formation after aging at 650°C for 1000 h and strain-induced martensite formation during room-temperature tensile testing. 316H exhibited relatively higher austenite stability due to increased alloying content, resulting in no athermal martensite or strain-induced martensite. Due to lower austenite stability, ferrite formed during creep at 650°C in 16-8-2, which resulted in reduced creep life and lower creep ductility compared to 316H. At 750°C and 825°C, when ferrite is no longer thermodynamically stable, 16-8-2 exhibited longer creep life and similar creep ductility as 316H. The formation of ferrite in 16-8-2 appears to have a greater impact on creep performance than the formation of embrittling topologically close-packed phases like the σ phase, as 316H exhibited superior creep performance while predicted to form 14 vol.% σ phase at 650°C.
On the $$\rho $$-Caputo Impulsive p-Laplacian Boundary Problem: An Existence Analysis
Authors: Chabane Farid , Benbachir Maamar , Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram , Avcı İbrahim
Published: March 2024

Due to the importance of some physical systems, in this paper, we aim to investigate a generalized impulsive $$\rho $$
ρ
-Caputo differential equation equipped with a p-Laplacian operator. In fact, our problem is a generalization of fractional differential equations equipped with the integral boundary conditions, impulsive forms and p-Laplacian operators under the Nemytskii operators. In this direction, we prove some theorems on the existence property along with the uniqueness of solutions under the Nemytskii operator. More precisely, we use the Schauder’s and Schaefer’s fixed point theorems, along with the Banach contraction principle. In the sequel, two examples are provided to show the validity of the obtained results in practical.
Toegankelijk monitoronderzoek voor mensen met een lichte verstandelijke beperking en/of laaggeletterden
Authors: Koks-Leensen Monique C. J. , Menko Anouk , Raaijmakers Fieke , Bevelander Kirsten E.
Published: March 2024

Samenvatting

Mensen met een lichte verstandelijke beperking (LVB) en laaggeletterden hebben een verhoogd risico op gezondheidsproblemen. Zij worden echter onvoldoende bereikt met gezondheidsonderzoek, waardoor inzicht in hun gezondheid en ondersteuningsbehoeften ontbreekt. Tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie werd de essentie van dit inzicht voor passend beleid extra duidelijk. Wij hebben een inclusief monitoronderzoek uitgevoerd met een aangepaste vragenlijst om de impact van de COVID-19-pandemie op de gezondheid van mensen met LVB en/of laaggeletterden te monitoren. In dit artikel beschrijven we onze inclusieve aanpak en delen we succesfactoren en tips voor toekomstig gezondheidsonderzoek.
Evaluation of ERP software selection criteria with fuzzy AHP approach: an application in the metal production enterprises in the aviation industry
Authors: Dağci Yüksel Büşra , Ersöz Filiz
Published: March 2024

Using enterprise resource planning provides benefits and added value regarding enterprise processes’ efficiency, integration, and effectiveness. However, while selecting the ERP software, parameters in various categories, such as the enterprise’s requests, the services of the consultant firm, and the employee’s participation, should be considered. When determining between options, the parameters taken into consideration may differ from one another or be imprecise. This study aims to ascertain the criteria that Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) that intend to invest in ERP software should pay attention to when selecting ERP software. The ERP usage process of the enterprise, the success of ERP within the company, the ERP installation process, the ERP company’s support service, and the focus on the parameters of meeting the expectations from the ERP system were made. The obtained information was evaluated with the fuzzy AHP technique. It was decided that the most significant criterion that the enterprise should pay attention to in the selection of ERP is the success of ERP within the company and meeting the expectations of the ERP system, and a suggestion was presented in this direction.
From AI Ethics Principles to Practices: A Teleological Methodology to Apply AI Ethics Principles in The Defence Domain
Authors: Taddeo Mariarosaria , Blanchard Alexander , Thomas Christopher
Published: March 2024

This article provides a methodology for the interpretation of AI ethics principles to specify ethical criteria for the development and deployment of AI systems in high-risk domains. The methodology consists of a three-step process deployed by an independent, multi-stakeholder ethics board to: (1) identify the appropriate level of abstraction for modelling the AI lifecycle; (2) interpret prescribed principles to extract specific requirements to be met at each step of the AI lifecycle; and (3) define the criteria to inform purpose- and context-specific balancing of the principles. The methodology presented in this article is designed to be agile, adaptable, and replicable, and when used as part of a pro-ethical institutional culture, will help to foster the ethical design, development, and deployment of AI systems. The application of the methodology is illustrated through reference to the UK Ministry of Defence AI ethics principles.
The effects of different types of Tai Chi exercises on preventing falls in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Jiaqi , Ning Shuaiqi , Lyu Shaowei , Gao Hainan , Shao Xinxin , Tan Zili , Zhu Xiangyu , Chen Ying
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Few studies comparing the effects of different types of Tai Chi exercises on preventing falls in older adults. We compared the effects for finding an optimal intervention.

Methods

We searched 12 databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and so on, from their inception to January 13, 2023. Randomized controlled trials incorporating different types of Tai Chi for preventing falls in older adults were included. The outcome measures were the incidence of falls and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using Stata 15.1 based on a frequentist framework.

Results

Seventeen trials were eligible, including 3470 participants and four types of Tai Chi. They were 24-form simplified Tai Chi (24-form), Yang style Tai Chi (Yang style), Sun style Tai Chi (Sun style) and Tai Chi exercise program (TCEP). In paired meta-analysis, for incidence of falls, 24-form (Relative Risk (RR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.40, 0.86]) was more efficient than the control group. For BBS outcome, 24-form (MD (mean difference) = 2.32, 95% CI [1.42, 3.22]) was better than the control group. In the NMA, the results of incidence of falls were as follows: 24-form > Yang style > Sun style > control > TCEP. The rank probability of BBS was as follows: 24-form > TCEP > Yang style > control.

Conclusion

Among the four types of Tai Chi studied, the 24-form simplified Tai Chi has shown better efficacy than other types.
Research progresses of nanomaterials as lubricant additives
Authors: Jiang Zhengquan , Sun Yankun , Liu Bokang , Yu Laigui , Tong Yuping , Yan Mingming , Yang Zhongzheng , Hao Yongxing , Shangguan Linjian , Zhang Shengmao , Li Weihua
Published: March 2024

Friction and wear are unavoidable in mechanical movement. The use of lubricants with nano-additives can effectively reduce friction and wear, which is of great significance to saving energy and protecting the environment. At present, great progress has been made in the scientific research and industrial application of nano-additives for lubricants. This paper mainly introduces the types of nano-additives for lubricants (such as carbon nanomaterials, nano-metals, nano-oxides, sulfides, complexes, polymers, etc.), the tribological properties of lubricants with different components of nano-additives, and the lubrication mechanisms of the nano-additives (including tribofilm formation, rolling ball bearing effect, repairing effect, polishing effect, and synergistic effect). It also deals with the dispersion of nano-additives in lubricants and the influences of their particle size and microstructure on the tribological properties of lubricants. This review outlines the performance requirements of nano-additives in different lubrication states, discusses the use of nano-additives in challenging working conditions, and identifies various industrial oil nano-additives with reference to the appropriate options in diverse working environments. Furthermore, the existing problems of nano-additives and their application prospects are summarized. This review, hopefully, would help to shed light on the design and synthesis of novel high-performance nano-additives and promote their application in engineering.
Mechanism and application of mechanical property improvements in engineering materials by pulsed magnetic treatment: A review
Authors: Cai Zhipeng , Qian Chengkai , Zhang Xu , Dai Ning , Wu Yao , Ji Wen
Published: March 2024

Pulsed magnetic treatment (PMT) has been adopted as an effective strengthening method for engineering materials and components in recent years, and the development of its application depends on the comprehensive understanding of the nature of PMT. The deep mechanism was thought initially to be the magnetostrictive effect, while further investigation found that the magnetic field could lead to the change of the defect states in the crystal, which is called the magnetoplastic effect. Due to the complexity of the engineering materials, manifestations of the magnetoplastic effect become more diverse, and they were reviewed in the form of microstructure homogenization and interfacial stabilization. Further, the mechanism of the magnetoplastic effect was discussed, focusing on the changes in the spin states under the external magnetic field. Microstructure modifications could also alter material performances, especially the residual stress, plasticity, and fatigue properties. Therefore, PMT with specific parameters can be utilized to obtain an ideal combination of microstructure, residual stress, and mechanical properties for better service performance of different mechanical parts, and its applications on machining tools and bearings are perfect examples. This work reviews the effect of PMT on the microstructure and properties of different materials and the mechanism, and it also summarizes the fundamental applications of PMT on essential mechanical parts.
Lockean Liberalism in International Relations
Authors: Grigorescu Alexandru V. , Katz Claudio J.
Published: March 2024

This Element applies a new version of liberalism to international relations (IR), one that derives from the political theory of John Locke. It begins with a survey of liberal IR theories, showing that the main variants of this approach have all glossed over classical liberalism's core concern: fear of the state's concentrated power and the imperative of establishing institutions to restrain its inevitable abuse. The authors tease out from Locke's work its 'realist' elements: his emphasis on politics, power, and restraints on power (the 'Lockean tripod'). They then show how this Lockean approach (1) complements existing liberal approaches and answers some of the existing critiques directed toward them, (2) offers a broader analytical framework for several very different strands of IR literature, and (3) has broad theoretical and practical implications for international relations.
Labor market traps
Authors: Posner Eric A.
Published: March 2024

Some products, notably but not only platforms, increase in value for users as the number of other users increases. These interaction or network effects can result in ‘product market traps’ (Bursztynet al., 2023) where people who use the product would be better off if they all stopped using it and switched to another product, but cannot because of coordination problems. A parallel but overlooked phenomenon is thelabor market trap, where employees would be better off if they collectively left an employer, job, or profession, but cannot because of the difficulty of coordination. Product market and labor market traps pose a challenge to public policy because of the complexity of people's behavior in networks, but can be mitigated in some cases with relatively simple taxes and regulatory interventions.
Advancing the Science of Mentorship: Future Directions for Sustainable Implementation and Evaluation of Mentorship Education for the Clinical and Translational Science Workforce
Authors: Asquith Pam , McDaniels Melissa , Baez Adriana , Corsino Leonor , Fillingim Roger , Rubio Doris , Russell Christopher , Sorkness Christine , Thompson Winston , Pfund Christine
Published: March 2024

The Advancing the Science of Mentorship: Future Directions for Sustainable Implementation and Evaluation of Mentorship Education for the Clinical and Translational Science Workforce conference was held in Madison, Wisconsin, in April 2023. The conference provided an engaging and scholarly forum for clinical and translational researchers from diverse backgrounds and career stages (including leaders at Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs and affiliated institutions) with a professional interest and commitment to improving and diversifying workforce development and fostering a climate of inclusive excellence through best practices in mentorship. Outcomes from the conference include an online resource and a new Community of Practice.
Toward achieving smart cities in Africa: challenges to data use and the way forward
Authors: Agyemang Ernest , Anderson Brilé , Patiño Jorge , Tremolieres Marie
Published: March 2024

The advent of smart and digital cities is bringing data to the forefront as a critical resource for addressing the multifaceted transitions faced by African cities from rapid urbanization to the climate crisis. However, this commentary highlights the formidable considerations that must be addressed to realize the potential of data-driven urban planning and management. We argue that data should be viewed as a tool, not a panacea, drawing from our experience in modeling and mapping the accessibility of transport systems in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. We identify five key considerations, including data choice, imperfections, resource intensity, validation, and data market dynamics, and propose three actionable points for progress: local data sharing, centralized repositories, and capacity-building. While our focus is on Kumasi and Accra, the considerations discussed are relevant to cities across the African continent.
Given-data probabilistic fatigue assessment for offshore wind turbines using Bayesian quadrature
Authors: Fekhari Elias , Chabridon Vincent , Muré Joseph , Iooss Bertrand
Published: March 2024

Offshore wind turbines intend to take a rapidly growing share in the electric mix. The design, installation, and exploitation of these industrial assets are regulated by international standards, providing generic guidelines. Constantly, new projects reach unexploited wind resources, pushing back installation limits. Therefore, turbines are increasingly subject to uncertain environmental conditions, making long-term investment decisions riskier (at the design or end-of-life stage). Fortunately, numerical models of wind turbines enable to perform accurate multi-physics simulations of such systems when interacting with their environment. The challenge is then to propagate the input environmental uncertainties through these models and to analyze the distribution of output variables of interest. Since each call of such a numerical model can be costly, the estimation of statistical output quantities of interest (e.g., the mean value, the variance) has to be done with a restricted number of simulations. To do so, the present paper uses the kernel herding method as a sampling technique to perform Bayesian quadrature and estimate the fatigue damage. It is known from the literature that this method guarantees fast and accurate convergence together with providing relevant properties regarding subsampling and parallelization. Here, one numerically strengthens this fact by applying it to a real use case of an offshore wind turbine operating in Teesside, UK. Numerical comparison with crude and quasi-Monte Carlo sampling demonstrates the benefits one can expect from such a method. Finally, a new Python package has been developed and documented to provide quick open access to this uncertainty propagation method.
INTRODUCTION: Medical-Legal Partnerships: Equity, Evolution, and Evaluation
Authors: Kraschel Katherine L. , Bhandary-Alexander James , Cannon Yael Z. , Girard Vicki W. , Gluck Abbe R. , Huer Jennifer L. , Makhlouf Medha D.
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare systemic inequities shaped by social determinants of health (SDoH). Public health agencies, legislators, health systems, and community organizations took notice, and there is currently unprecedented interest in identifying and implementing programs to address SDoH. This special issue focuses on the role of medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) in addressing SDoH and racial and social inequities, as well as the need to support these efforts with evidence-based research, data, and meaningful partnerships and funding.
A Clarion Call for Change: The MLP Imperative to Center Racial Discrimination and Structural Health Inequities
Authors: Matthew Dayna Bowen , Benfer Emily A.
Published: March 2024

Across the country, legal and health care professionals who understand that health outcomes are most influenced by social and environmental conditions have improved patient health by adopting the interdisciplinary MLP health care delivery model. However, the MLP field cannot advance population health, let alone long-term health equity, until it addresses the structural determinants of health inequity that are rooted in discrimination, segregation, and other forms of racial and ethnic subordination.
A Data-Driven Approach to Optimizing Medical-Legal Partnership Performance and Joint Advocacy
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Henize Adrienne W. , Klein Melissa D. , Corley Alexandra M. S. , Fink Elaine E. , Kahn Robert S.
Published: March 2024

Medical-legal partnerships connect legal advocates to healthcare providers and settings. Maintaining effectiveness of medical-legal partnerships and consistently identifying opportunities for innovation and adaptation takes intentionality and effort. In this paper, we discuss ways in which our use of data and quality improvement methods have facilitated advocacy at both patient (client) and population levels as we collectively pursue better, more equitable outcomes.
Using Racial Justice Principles in Medical-Legal Partnership Design and Implementation
Authors: Setrini Alice
Published: March 2024

Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) have the potential to address racial health disparities by improving the conditions that constitute the social determinants of health. In order to live up to this potential, these partnerships must intentionally incorporate seven core racial justice principles into their design and implementation. Otherwise, they are likely to replicate the systemic barriers that lead to racialized health disparities.