bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crisis, Resilience, and the Time of Law
Authors: Ellis Jaye
Published: August 2019

The important and no longer novel insight from ecology that ecosystems are dynamic and ever-changing along immensely complex causal pathways prompts the further insight that environmental protection regimes should promote not a particular ecosystemic end state, but rather ecosystem resilience, or the capacity to absorb and adapt to stress without compromising essential function. For law to embrace resilience as an objective, it is argued, it must itself be dynamic and flexible, capable of learning and adaptation. This poses potentially serious challenges to law’s resilience: to what extent are flexibility and adaptability at odds with what Niklas Luhmann argues is an essential feature of normative systems, namely, resistance to learning in the face of disappointment? The potentially rapid rate of change expected of a law oriented to ecosystem resilience could overwhelm law’s capacity to provide the measure of order, stability, and predictability that are core to its contribution, or prestation, to society. This paper takes this challenge seriously, but also explores another possible implication of law in the pursuit of ecosystem resilience: if environmental law is no longer conceived of in primarily instrumental terms, as a means to bring about a specific set of ecosystem objectives, there may be some possibility for its own resilience to be enhanced.
Contract Damages, Moral Agency, and Henry James’ The Ambassadors
Authors: Nadler Jennifer
Published: August 2019

This paper enters the dispute over the proper interpretation of the expectation measure of damages in contract law. Should damages be measured by the plaintiff’s financial loss or by the cost of acquiring a substitute performance (“cost of cure”)? I begin by presenting a moral (as opposed to an economic or a pragmatic) justification for the traditional contract principle that a plaintiff has a right to compensation for the financial loss flowing from breach but no right to performance. I do so by showing that implicit in the principle that the plaintiff has a right to compensation for financial loss alone is a conception of moral agency as a capacity for detachment from things. Through an exploration of Henry James’ novel The Ambassadors, I try to show what is valuable in that conception, although I argue that it is, in the end, incomplete. Then I consider the self-authorship conception of moral agency implicit in the moralist’s proposal to replace the financial loss remedy with a right to performance or to compensation for the cost of securing a substitute performance. Again, through a reading of James’ novel, I try to show what is valuable in this conception although I argue that it too is incomplete. I suggest that the conceptions of moral agency respectively implicit in the financial loss and cost of cure remedies are constituent parts of a complete conception. Once we see this, we arrive at a moral justification for a contract law which treats compensation for financial loss as the normal rule but exceptionally allows for a remedy that aims at securing performance.
To end disease tomorrow, begin with trials today: Digital strategies for increased awareness of a clinical trials finder
Authors: Jerome Rebecca N. , Dunkel Leah , Kennedy Nan , Olson Erik J. , Pulley Jill M. , Bernard Gordon , Wilkins Consuelo H. , Harris Paul A.
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Individuals experiencing different medical conditions, as well as healthy volunteers, may often be interested in trial participation, and researchers similarly need to find participants to advance medical knowledge. The ResearchMatch (RM) Trials Today clinical trial searching tool leverages clinicaltrials.gov data to enable potential participants to look for trial opportunities relevant to their situation. To facilitate expanded use of this tool, we undertook a national digital public awareness campaign to increase awareness of Trials Today among members of the general public.

Methods:

The awareness campaign promoted Trials Today using Facebook and digital banner messages in 2017, encompassing nine cities across the USA. The digital strategy was complemented by print media in several outlets. We employed descriptive statistics to summarize campaign metrics and site usage data during the campaign.

Results:

The campaign was successful in increasing visits to Trials Today, with 142,303 sessions logged during its run, as compared to pre-campaign data indicating 104,688 total sessions during the entire 2-year period since the site’s inception. The city-specific click-through rate for all digital impressions, combining Facebook and banner messaging, ranged from 0.50% to 1.09%, resulting in a cost-per-click range of $0.69–$1.15. In addition, visitors conducted 29,697 searches and viewed individual trial records 173,512 times.

Conclusion:

The public awareness campaign was successful in increasing use of the RM Trials Today clinical trial searching tool. Our findings support the value of digital media messaging as a cost-effective vehicle for promoting clinical trial awareness, especially for chronic ailments.
Not a Lost Generation: James M. Cain, Al Dubin, and the Doughboy's Voice in Popular Culture between the Wars
Authors: STERBA CHRISTOPHER M.
Published: August 2019

James M. Cain and the songwriter Al Dubin were drafted into the army and served on the Western Front during World War I. Both men would go on to play major roles in the making of American popular culture during the interwar period: Cain writing the noir bestsellersThe Postman Always Rings TwiceandDouble Indemnity, Dubin providing the lyrics for several hit musicals, including42nd Street. For both artists, the impact of the war was more complicated than the themes of disillusionment and a collective loss of innocence more famously offered by writers like Hemingway and Dos Passos. This article argues that Cain's and Dubin's pop successes in fact reflected the attitudes of millions of other veterans, who rejected the Progressive Era's moralism and asserted a new, determined, cynical, and irreverent sensibility in American life. Cain and Dubin were not alone, but part of a larger generation of Great War veteran artists who are rarely regarded as such, Frank Capra, Preston Sturges, Jack Benny, Thomas Hart Benton, and Norman Rockwell among them. Working in the most accessible forms of art and entertainment, their contributions, no less than the Lost Generation's, should also be identified as an important legacy of World War I.
The Aesthetic Dimension of Passion
Authors: Gardner Sebastian
Published: August 2019

This paper is stimulated by and indebted to a study by Charles Altieri of the ways in which affect is present and articulated in art and literature, which, he argues, hold significance for the philosophy of emotion. I focus on Altieri's thesis that affective states may have aesthetic qualities and value. I pursue this notion first with reference to Nietzsche's attempt to recruit affect as a means of countering Schopenhauer's pessimism. I then attempt to show the coherence of the (on the face of it problematic) notion that passion may exhibit an aesthetic dimension, drawing on Richard Wollheim's account of certain ideas in psychoanalytic theory, for which I suggest precedents in the history of philosophy.
A Truthful Way to Live? Objectivity, Ethics and Psychoanalysis
Authors: Lacewing Michael
Published: August 2019

Is there a best way to live? If so, is this a form of ethical life? The answer, I believe, turns on what we can say about the nature and place of the passions – emotions and desires – in our lives, including in particular, our ability to be truthful about our passions and our relations with other people. I approach the question through the work of Bernard Williams. I consider first what it might be for a way of life to be ‘objectively’ best, before looking more closely at the psychological conditions of such a life, using ideas from psychoanalysis on the way we hide our true passions from ourselves and the effect this can have on our understanding of both ourselves and others. I end by considering whether we can say that a truthful life is the best life, and whether it places universal and material constraints on how best to live.
Responding Emotionally to Fiction: A Spinozist Approach
Authors: James Susan
Published: August 2019

Within contemporary analytical philosophy there continues to be a lively debate about the emotions we feel for fictional characters. How, for example, can we feel sad about Anna Karenina, despite knowing that she doesn't exist? I propose that we can get a clearer view of this issue by turning to Spinoza, who urges us to take a different approach to feelings of this kind. The ability to keep our emotions in line with our beliefs, he argues, is a complex skill. Rather than asking why we depart from it in the case of fictions, we need to begin by considering how we get it in the first place. Spinoza also considers the value of this skill. In his account, fictions function rather like Donald Winnicott's transitional objects. They enable us to negotiate the boundary between the real and the imaginary in a way that contributes to our philosophical understanding. These Spinozist proposals, I contend, suggest that the questions dominating current debate need to be reformulated.
SOUNDS TO ESTABLISH A CORPS: THE ORIGINS OF THE UNITED STATES MARINE BAND, 1798–1804
Authors: WARFIELD PATRICK R.
Published: August 2019

The Jeffersonian rise to power in 1801 ushered in sweeping political changes for the United States of America. It also focused attention on the newly established United States Marine Corps, as a group of hostile Congressmen sought to audit the service, dismiss many of its officers and do away with the executive function of its commandant. But Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) was also a supporter of the new capital's growing cultural life, and no organization better defined the connection between music and the federal government than the United States Marine Band. While this ensemble was not officially authorized by Congress until 1861, Commandant William Ward Burrows had already transformed his small group of sanctioned field musicians into an ensemble that could provide ceremonial and entertainment music for Washington, DC. This article traces the earliest history of the Marine Band, documents its development from eighteenth-century signalling traditions and suggests the ways in which its presence in the capital helped to stem the growing Republican tide against the Marine Corps itself.
FOUR STEPS TOWARDS PARNASSUS: JOHANN DAVID HEINICHEN'S METHOD OF KEYBOARD IMPROVISATION AS A MODEL OF BAROQUE COMPOSITIONAL PEDAGOGY
Authors: REMEŠ DEREK
Published: August 2019

Johann David Heinichen's treatiseDer General-Bass in der Composition(Dresden, 1728) is the most comprehensive study of thoroughbass ever written, yet it has been continually overshadowed in historical accounts by works published in the same decade by Jean-Philippe Rameau (Traité de l'Harmonie) and J. J. Fux (Gradus ad Parnassum). Despite Heinichen's nuanced treatment of a wide variety of musical subjects,Der General-Basshas yet to receive wide acclaim, in large part because it lacks a reductive pedagogical framework that can rival Rameau'sbasse fondamentaleor Fux'sspeciesin simplicity and immediate appeal. Yet fortunately, the ‘partimento renaissance’ of the last decade has brought renewed scholarly attention to the centrality of thoroughbass is the only acceptable break in eighteenth-century music-making. Thus the time is ripe for a reappraisal of Heinichen's monumental work. On at least one occasion, Heinichen does indeed outline a pedagogical method of eminent simplicity: his four-step instruction in how to improvise a prelude at the keyboard. According to Heinichen, this method, which seems to be completely unknown today, is to be understood not only as instruction in improvising, but also as training for beginning composers. In explicating the pedagogy of one of eighteenth-century Europe's leading composer-theorists, this article contributes to both the historically informed analysis and the practical teaching of baroque music today.
Realization of transmission zeros for bandpass filter using inductive-coupled stub-loaded resonators
Authors: Cheng Fei , Lu Ping , Huang Kama
Published: August 2019

This article proposes a bandpass filter with three controllable transmission zeros (TZs) using three inductive-coupled stub-loaded resonators (SLRs). Different from other works, the proposed SLR can create one transmission pole and one TZ. With the TZs above the passband, high stopband rejection level is achieved. Moreover, the K-inverters are realized by short-circuit stubs between two adjacent SLRs. A general synthesis method for this kind of filter is described. For verification, a filter centered at 2.44 GHz with 0.18 GHz bandwidth is designed. The measured results show that the filter has three TZs at 3.1, 3.9, and 5 GHz. With those TZs, the filter's stopband rejection level is greatly improved.
Modernes Konzept der Pruritus-Diagnose und -Therapie
Authors: Streit Markus
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung. Pruritus lässt sich am besten behandeln, wenn die Ursache des Juckreizes bekannt ist und gezielt angegangen wird. Für die notwendige Diagnostik zum Auffinden der Ursache richtet man sich am besten nach der Pruritus-Klassifikation des «International Forum for the Study of Itch» (IFSI). Diese unterscheidet drei klinische Gruppen von chronischem Pruritus: Bei Pruritus auf primär veränderter Haut liegt ursächlich eine juckende Hauterkrankung vor, die diagnostiziert werden muss; die Behandlung der Dermatose ist gleichzeitig die Behandlung des Juckreizes. Bei Pruritus auf primär unveränderter Haut sind innere Erkrankungen oder Medikamente die Ursache des Juckens; die Beseitigung der Ursache wird – soweit eine Beseitigung möglich ist – auch den Juckreiz eliminieren. Bei Pruritus mit Kratzläsionen zielt die Behandlung darauf, ein Weiterkratzen zu verhindern. Wenn eine Behandlung der Ursache nicht möglich ist oder die Ursache unbekannt bleibt, wird man zur symptomatischen Therapie des Juckreizes einem Stufenplan folgen, der in einer ersten Stufe eine rückfettende und hydratisierende Basistherapie zusammen mit H1-Antihistaminika umfasst, in einer zweiten Stufe eine möglichst ursächlich orientierte symptomatische Therapie und in einer dritten Stufe neben einer Phototherapie medikamentöse Behandlungen mit Antikonvulsiva, Antidepressiva und antiinflammatorischen Agenzien.
Mapping histone modifications in low cell number and single cells using antibody-guided chromatin tagmentation (ACT-seq)
Authors: Carter Benjamin , Ku Wai Lim , Kang Jee Youn , Hu Gangqing , Perrie Jonathan , Tang Qingsong , Zhao Keji
Published: August 2019

Modern next-generation sequencing-based methods have empowered researchers to assay the epigenetic states of individual cells. Existing techniques for profiling epigenetic marks in single cells often require the use and optimization of time-intensive procedures such as drop fluidics, chromatin fragmentation, and end repair. Here we describe ACT-seq, a streamlined method for mapping genome-wide distributions of histone tail modifications, histone variants, and chromatin-binding proteins in a small number of or single cells. ACT-seq utilizes a fusion of Tn5 transposase to Protein A that is targeted to chromatin by a specific antibody, allowing chromatin fragmentation and sequence tag insertion specifically at genomic sites presenting the relevant antigen. The Tn5 transposase enables the use of an index multiplexing strategy (iACT-seq), which enables construction of thousands of single-cell libraries in one day by a single researcher without the need for drop-based fluidics or visual sorting. We conclude that ACT-seq present an attractive alternative to existing techniques for mapping epigenetic marks in single cells.
A chiral molecular propeller designed for unidirectional rotations on a surface
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Calupitan Jan Patrick , Rojas Tomas , Tumbleson Ryan , Erbland Guillaume , Kammerer Claire , Ajayi Tolulope Michael , Wang Shaoze , Curtiss Larry A. , Ngo Anh T. , Ulloa Sergio E. , Rapenne Gwénaël , Hla Saw Wai
Published: August 2019

Synthetic molecular machines designed to operate on materials surfaces can convert energy into motion and they may be useful to incorporate into solid state devices. Here, we develop and characterize a multi-component molecular propeller that enables unidirectional rotations on a material surface when energized. Our propeller is composed of a rotator with three molecular blades linked via a ruthenium atom to a ratchet-shaped molecular gear. Upon adsorption on a gold crystal surface, the two dimensional nature of the surface breaks the symmetry and left or right tilting of the molecular gear-teeth induces chirality. The molecular gear dictates the rotational direction of the propellers and step-wise rotations can be induced by applying an electric field or using inelastic tunneling electrons from a scanning tunneling microscope tip. By means of scanning tunneling microscope manipulation and imaging, the rotation steps of individual molecular propellers are directly visualized, which confirms the unidirectional rotations of both left and right handed molecular propellers into clockwise and anticlockwise directions respectively.
Identification of an amphipathic peptide sensor of the Bacillus subtilis fluid membrane microdomains
Authors: Jiang Yiping , Dai Xin , Qin Mingming , Guo Zhihong
Published: August 2019

Regions of increased fluidity are newly found bacterial membrane microdomains that are composed of short, unsaturated and branched fatty acyl chains in a fluid and disordered state. Currently, little is known about how proteins are recruited and localized to these membrane domains. Here, we identify a short amphipathic α-peptide in a previously unreported crystal structure and show that it is responsible for peripheral localization of the phosphate acyltransferase PlsX to the fluid microdomains in Bacillus subtilis. Mutations disrupting the amphipathic interaction or increasing the nonpolar interaction are found to redistribute the protein to the cytosol or other part of the plasma membrane, causing growth defects. These results reveal a mechanism of peripheral membrane sensing through optimizing nonpolar interaction with the special lipids in the microdomains. This finding shows that the fluid membrane microdomains may take advantage of their unique lipid environment as a means of recruiting and organizing proteins.
Author Correction: Positive functional synergy of structurally integrated artificial protein dimers assembled by Click chemistry
Authors: Worthy Harley L. , Auhim Husam Sabah , Jamieson W. David , Pope Jacob R. , Wall Aaron , Batchelor Robert , Johnson Rachel L. , Watkins Daniel W. , Rizkallah Pierre , Castell Oliver K. , Jones D. Dafydd
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Structural, kinetics and mechanistic studies of transfer hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by chiral (pyridyl)imine nickel(ii) complexes
Authors: Kumah Robert T. , Tsaulwayo Nokwanda , Xulu Bheki A. , Ojwach Stephen O.
Published: August 2019

The chiral (pyridyl)imine nickel(ii) complexes give active catalysts in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Kinetics and poisoning studies reveal the presence of homogeneous and nickel(0) nanoparticles as the active species.
Synthesis and investigation into the structural, electronic and electrical properties of K2Pb(OCN)I3
Authors: Siai Amira , Oprea Alexandru , Ströbele Markus , Meyer Hans-Jürgen
Published: August 2019

The new compound K2Pb(OCN)I3 was synthesized by the solid-state reaction of PbI2 and KOCN. Built-up form two interpenetrating tetrahedral-octahedral frameworks, it is a direct band-gap semiconductor (2.4 eV) with rather high dielectric constant.
Protein-mediated disproportionation of Au(i): insights from the structures of adducts of Au(iii) compounds bearingN,N-pyridylbenzimidazole derivatives with lysozyme
Authors: Ferraro Giarita , Giorgio Anna , Mansour Ahmed M. , Merlino Antonello
Published: August 2019

Structural data of protein/gold adducts suggest protein-mediated reduction of Au(iii) into Au(i) and disproportionation of Au(i) into Au(iii) and Au(0).
Synthesis, structures, redox properties, and theoretical calculations of thiohalide capped octahedral hexanuclear technetium(iii) clusters
Authors: Yoshimura Takashi , Nagata Kojiro , Matsuda Ayumi , Omote Toshiki , Kino Yasushi , Takayama Tsutomu , Sekine Tsutomu , Shinohara Atsushi
Published: August 2019

Thiohalide capped octahedral hexanuclear technetium(iii) clusters were synthesized and characterized.
Block copolymers containing stable radical and fluorinated blocks with long-range ordered morphologies prepared by anionic polymerization
Authors: Cintora Alicia , Takano Hiroki , Khurana Mohit , Chandra Alvin , Hayakawa Teruaki , Ober Christopher K.
Published: August 2019

Synthesis conditions for the anionic polymerization of PTMA, PTFEMA and PTMA-b-PTFEMA are reported, long-range ordering of the block copolymers is characterized.
Multimicelle aggregate mechanism for spherical multimolecular micelles: from theories, characteristics and properties to applications
Authors: Qi Meiwei , Zhou Yongfeng
Published: August 2019

Multimicelle aggregate (MMA) mechanism has been applied to explain the formation of large multimolecular micelles from various topological precursors and for applications in areas such as sensing, drug delivery, diagnostic and functional materials.
Supramolecular caging for cytosolic delivery of anionic probes
Authors: Fernández-Caro Héctor , Lostalé-Seijo Irene , Martínez-Calvo Miguel , Mosquera Jesús , Mascareñas José L. , Montenegro Javier
Published: August 2019

A cell-permeable peptide-cage hybrid allows the cytosolic delivery of cage-interacting probes, including pyranine, carboxyfluorescein, and Alexa Fluor dyes, which are usually membrane-impermeable due to their high anionic charge.
Oxygen exchange kinetics on systematically doped ceria: a pulsed isotope exchange study
Authors: Schaube Maximilian , Merkle Rotraut , Maier Joachim
Published: August 2019

20 systematically doped ceria samples: strong dependence of oxygen exchange rate on dopant concentration, even steeper for redox-active dopants (Pr).
Mechanochemical synthesis of fast sodium ion conductor Na11Sn2PSe12enables first sodium–selenium all-solid-state battery
Authors: Rao R. Prasada , Zhang Xin , Phuah Kia Chai , Adams Stefan
Published: August 2019

Fast-ion conducting Na11Sn2PS12prepared by ball-milling allowed us to realize the first all-solid-state Na–Se battery, which can reach 500 charge–discharge cycles at room temperature.
Analysis of power system inertia estimation in high wind power plant integration scenarios
Authors: Fernández‐Guillamón Ana , Vigueras‐Rodríguez Antonio , Molina‐García Ángel
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, power system inertia is changing as a consequence of replacing conventional units by renewable energy sources, mainly wind and photovoltaic power plants. This fact affects significantly the grid frequency response under power imbalances. As a result, new frequency control strategies for renewable plants are being developed to emulate the behaviour of conventional power plants under such contingencies. These approaches are usually called ‘virtual inertia emulation techniques’. In this study, an analysis of power system inertia estimation from frequency excursions is carried out by considering different inertia estimation methodologies, discussing the applicability and coherence of these methodologies under the new supply‐side circumstances. The modelled power system involves conventional units and wind power plants including wind frequency control strategies in line with current mix generation scenarios. Results show that all methodologies considered provide an accurate result to estimate the equivalent inertia based on rotational generation units directly connected to the grid. However, significant discrepancies are found when frequency control strategies are included in wind power plants decoupled from the grid. In this way, authors consider that it is necessary to define alternative inertia estimation methodologies by including virtual inertia emulation. Extensive discussion and results are also provided in this study.
Smart city development in Hong Kong
Authors:   Office of the Government Chief Information Officer
Published: August 2019

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region published its first Smart City Blueprint for Hong Kong in December 2017 with the vision to embrace innovation and technology to build a world‐famed Smart Hong Kong characterised by a strong economy and high quality of living. The blueprint maps out development plans covering six major areas, namely ‘smart mobility’, ‘smart living’, ‘smart environment’, ‘smart people’, ‘smart government’ and ‘smart economy’, in the following five years (up to 2022) and beyond. With over 70 initiatives set out in the blueprint, Hong Kong aims to be better equipped to address urban challenges, enhance the effectiveness of city management and improve people's quality of living as well as Hong Kong's sustainability, efficiency, and safety.
Gaia DR2 distances to Collinder 419 and NGC 2264 and new astrometric orbits for HD 193 322 Aa,Ab and 15 Mon Aa,Ab
Authors: Maíz Apellániz J.
Published: August 2019

Context. On the one hand, the second data release of the Gaia mission (Gaia DR2) has opened a trove of astrometric and photometric data for Galactic clusters within a few kiloparsecs of the Sun. On the other hand, lucky imaging has been an operational technique to measure the relative positions of visual binary systems for a decade and a half. This time is sufficient to apply the results of the technique to the calculation of orbits of some massive multiple systems within ∼1 kpc of the Sun.

Aims. As part of an ambitious research program to measure distances to Galactic stellar groups (including clusters) containing O stars, I start with two of the nearest examples: Collinder 419 in Cygnus and NGC 2264 in Monoceros. The main ionizing source for each cluster is a multiple system with an O-type primary: HD 193 322 and 15 Mon, respectively. For each of the two multiple systems, I aim to derive new astrometric orbits for the Aa,Ab components.

Methods. First, I present a method that uses Gaia DR2 G + GBP + GRP photometry, positions, proper motions, and parallaxes to obtain the membership and distance of a stellar group and applied these values to Collinder 419 and NGC 2264. Second, I present a new code that calculates astrometric orbits by searching the whole seven-parameter orbit space and apply it to HD 193 322 Aa,Ab and 15 Mon Aa,Ab using, as input, literature data from the Washington Double Star Catalog and the AstraLux measurements recently presented by our group in another paper published this year.

Results. I obtain Gaia DR2 distances of 1006+37−34 pc for Collinder 419 and 719 ± 16 pc for NGC 2264; the main contribution to the uncertainties comes from the spatial covariance of the parallaxes. The two NGC 2264 subclusters are at the same distance (within the uncertainties) and show a significant relative proper motion. The distances are shown to be robust. HD 193 322 Aa,Ab follows an eccentric (e = 0.58+0.03−0.04) orbit with a period of 44 ± 1 a and the three stars it contains have a total mass of 76.1+9.9−7.4M⊙. The orbit of 15 Mon Aa,Ab is even more eccentric (e = 0.770+0.023−0.030); it has a period of 108 ± 12 a and a total mass of 45.1+3.6−3.3M⊙ for its two stars.
Constraining the detectability of water ice in debris disks
Authors: Kim M. , Wolf S. , Potapov A. , Mutschke H. , Jäger C.
Published: August 2019

Context.Water ice is important for the evolution and preservation of life. Identifying the distribution of water ice in debris disks is therefore of great interest in the field of astrobiology. Furthermore, icy dust grains are expected to play important roles throughout the entire planet formation process. However, currently available observations only allow deriving weak conclusions about the existence of water ice in debris disks.

Aims.We investigate whether it is feasible to detect water ice in typical debris disk systems. We take the following ice destruction mechanisms into account: sublimation of ice, dust production through planetesimal collisions, and photosputtering by UV-bright central stars. We consider icy dust mixture particles with various shapes consisting of amorphous ice, crystalline ice, astrosilicate, and vacuum inclusions (i.e., porous ice grains).

Methods.We calculated optical properties of inhomogeneous icy dust mixtures using effective medium theories, that is, Maxwell-Garnett rules. Subsequently, we generated synthetic debris disk observables, such as spectral energy distributions and spatially resolved thermal reemission and scattered light intensity and polarization maps with our code DMS.

Results.We find that the prominent ~3 and 44μm water ice features can be potentially detected in future observations of debris disks with theJames WebbSpace Telescope (JWST) and the Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA). We show that the sublimation of ice, collisions between planetesimals, and photosputtering caused by UV sources clearly affect the observational appearance of debris disk systems. In addition, highly porous ice (or ice-rich aggregates) tends to produce highly polarized radiation at around 3μm. Finally, the location of the ice survival line is determined by various dust properties such as a fractional ratio of ice versus dust, physical states of ice (amorphous or crystalline), and the porosity of icy grains.
Performances of a Research CFR Octane Rating Unit Engine and Dacia Single Cylinder SI Engine Ignited by a LASER System
Authors: George Done Bogdan , Copae Ion
Published: August 2019

At this time, the severe legislation regarding the level limits of the waste and exhaust gases released by thermal engines and also the necessity of engines efficiency improvement boost the engine research domain to bring in front the use of new technologies that can be used to control the in-cylinder combustion process. Now, the new technologies is represented by LASER spark plug systems which can be successfully used at petrol engines. LASER spark plug technology can have many advantages for engine operation control, an ignition system that could provide improved combustion is the one using plasma generation and a Q-switched LASER that results in pulses with high MW power. The LASER spark plug device used in the current research was a LASER medium Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG ceramic structure made up of a 8.0-mm long, 1.0-at.% Nd:YAG ceramic, optically-bonded to a Cr4+:YAG c. It was developed and constructed similar to classical spark plug and could be assembled on a CFR Octane Rating Unit Engine as well as on a Dacia Single Cylinder SI Engine which led to several results among which: influences on in-cylinder pressure, combustion and pollutant emissions.
A mathematical model for the accumulation of fatigue in bars subjected to lateral vibrations
Authors: Cardei Petru , Sfiru Raluca , Muraru Vergil
Published: August 2019

The article presents a mathematical model for the phenomenon of fatigue accumulation in the slender bar subjected to lateral bending. The model is based on the Euler-Bernoulli type bar, a bi-linear elastic-plastic model and, for simulation of fatigue, a system of equations describing the decrease resistance parameters of the material: the ultimate strain and stress. In the article is exposes the bar response to two types of dynamic loads, as well as a fatigue test simulating process using the proposed model, which results in the Wöhler diagram of the material for the bending vibrations. The conclusions outline the outlook of the model as well as its shortcomings. The author expounds the advantages of the model, but the reader is also challenged to reflect on the opportunity of using mathematical models of great complexity.
Researches on the capitalization of some medicinal plants to obtain essential oils by using the performant innovative installation EUV 2x1000 type
Authors: Grigore Ion , Grigore Andreea Iulia , Vlăduţoiu Laurentiu-Constantin , Cristea Mario , Sorica Elena , Dumitru Dragos , Sirbu Florin , Badea Gabriel , Raischi Marius , Duţă Denisa , Sandu Roxana Andreea
Published: August 2019

The article includes research on the production of essential oils from medicinal plants by applying water vapour distillation, the method most commonly used for the extraction of essential oils from plants. The results consist of extracting the essential oil from 2 types of medicinal plants: lavender and mint with the help of the EUV installation. The paper highlights the important aspects of obtaining quality products, on economically advantageous terms, addressing both specialists, farmers in larger farms and family associations. The article presents the experimental research results on obtaining essential oils from medicinal plants. Oils obtained by this method contain only volatile components, while wax and volatile resins are not found in the finished product.
Utilization of the thermohydric stress in the psamosols area in Southern Oltenia through the cowpea culture
Authors: Draghici Reta , Draghici Iulian , Diaconu Aurelia , Croitoru Mihaela , Paraschiv Alina Nicoleta , Dima Milica , Constantinescu Mircea
Published: August 2019

The area of psamosols in southern Oltenia is characterized by thermohydraulic stress, accentuated by the thermal resources recorded and by the poor hydrophysical properties of the soil. Higher capitalization of these lands has been an important concern both in the world and in our country, and the choice of plant species with increased drought resistance and low water consumption is a measure to counteract the negative effects of the drought. The humidity analysis of a psamosol, on the 0-125 cm profile, indicates a momentary supply of reduced water and a water deficit compared to the field capacity of -34.4 ... -65.5 m3 / ha. In order to obtain economic results on these soils, it is necessary to cultivate low-water plants, such as a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) that consumes about 4160 m3 / ha, compared to soybeans that have almost double consumption. The results obtained in 4 genotypes of cowpea highlight the daily average values of the plant's foliar sweating, in the blooming phase, ranging between 4.05 -5.23 mmol H2O / m2 / s, which correlated negatively with the level of grain production.
Kinematic parameters determination of the drilling equipment designed to work in slope degraded terrains
Authors: Vişan Alexandra Liana , Bogdanof Gabriel Constantin , Milea Dumitru , Ciupercă Radu , Gheorghe Gabriel
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to present the cinematic parameters determination of a drilling equipment design to work in slope degraded terrains, based on field experimental data acquired in normal exploitation condition and also in heavy environmental conditions. This equipment is developed in order conduct forestation and rehabilitation works of degraded lands and to be incorporated on innovative planting technology (degraded soil processing, levelling and terrace surface modelling, planting settlement, etc). This technology answers to the need to implement measures of environmental rehabilitation and enhancement of slope-degraded forestlands, by development several performing equipments that answer to technological needs of this works (land stability, terrace dimensions, type of power source and seedlings planting variety) in order to rise to the performances and to respect the labour safety standards under difficult working conditions. Also, here in presented equipment has a great impact on forestry and pomiculture works, and also on environmental technical works meant to improve soil quality, lowering the surface and depth erosion, rainwater capitalization, lowering the dust pollution and natural calamity risk, and at last to rehabilitate the inland flora.
Researches on obtaining vegetable oils as a source of alternative energy
Authors: Găgeanu Paul , Găgeanu Iuliana , Bunduchi George , Zaica Alexandru
Published: August 2019

Biodiesel type fuel is widely used on a large scale in most of the European Union. Carbon dioxide is eliminated by combusting biodiesel, but not toxic emissions. Due to the more drastic European ecological demands to reduce the quantity of toxic emissions from automobiles, there is an increased interest to use biodiesel, because it is a bio-degradable and non-polluting fuel. Even by mixing diesel fuel with biodiesel in a percentage of 20%, the emission of toxic gases will be greatly reduced. Vegetable oils used as biofuels are obtained from oleaginous plant crops, without any prejudice to food security. The use of biodiesel can also bring benefits by prolonging the lifetime of diesel engines, ensuring a better lubrication. The paper presents a series of researches on obtaining vegetable oils from various oleaginous seeds (rapeseed, camelina, hemp) using a special installation for producing oils through cold pressing.
Researches on the freezing of blueberries and green bean pods using an experimental model of a fast freezing equipment
Authors: Sorica Cristian , Vintilă Marian , Pirnă Ion , Grigore Ion , Cristea Mario , Vladuţoiu Laurenţiu , Sorica Elena , Neacşu Bălănescu Irina , Grosu Cristina , Raischi Marius , Grădilă Marga
Published: August 2019

In order to conserve perishable food and extend the permissible storage and marketing period, one of the best methods that uses artificial frost is freezing. The action of low temperatures leads to a slowing down of the modifying processes, both nutritionally and organoleptically. The researches presented within the paper aims to determine some specific parameters for the freezing process using an experimental model of a fast freezing equipment with liquid nitrogen. Experimental researches use two species of horticultural products, namely blueberries and green bean pods. The results indicate that the values of total freezing time, average linear freezing rate and liquid nitrogen consumption for quick freezing of blueberries were higher than those recorded for green bean pods. Also, with the lowering of the set temperature inside the freezing chamber, the freezing time from 0°C to the temperature of -15°C decreases, resulting in lower freezing times, higher average linear freezing rates and liquid nitrogen consumptions with increasing tendency.
Structural analysis of deep soil loosening machine MAS-65
Authors: Matache Mihai Gabriel , Oprescu Remus Marius , Dumitru Dragos Nicolae , Gheorghe Gabriel Valentin , Cujbescu Dan , Persu Cătălin
Published: August 2019

Deep soil loosening machine MAS 65 is destined to work soil at depths exceeding 45 cm, thus the machine’s frame is subjected to loads which could affect its structural integrity. Within this paper a static structural analysis was performed on the machine’s 3D model using finite element method and strain and stress distribution maps were created. Using the Von Mises stress map there were identified several critical points which could fail during normal exploitation conditions and which should be monitored by strain gages during field tests in order to prevent structural failure.
Actipol 4Gi : un outil au service de la recherche des émetteurs de micropolluants sur les territoires
Authors: Reisser H. , Pagotto C. , Forestier T. , Trotouin T.
Published: August 2019

Actipol est un logiciel, accessible aux opérateurs Veolia via une plateforme Web dédiée, qui permet de faire le lien entre activités économiques et substances potentiellement émises par celles-ci. Depuis ses premiers développements, dans les années 1990, Actipol a toujours eu pour vocation d’assurer la protection du système d’assainissement vis-à-vis des effluents non domestiques et de préserver la qualité des sous-produits en vue de leur valorisation. L’outil s’inscrit dans une démarche globale de maîtrise de la qualité des effluents depuis les sources d’émission jusqu’au milieu naturel. Les récents développements améliorent notablement l’expérience de l’utilisateur lors des démarches d’identification des sources de pollution à l’échelle d’un territoire telles que celles requises réglementairement en assainissement (diagnostics vers l’amont – RSDE, recherche des sources de contamination des boues – arrêté du 21 juillet 2015), ou lors des démarches de protection des ressources en eau (diagnostic territorial des pressions). Les retours d’expérience montrent que, couplé à des campagnes de terrain, cet outil permet d’identifier les émetteurs et de proposer un plan d’action approprié.
Zum Beitrag: Frühgeburtenrate in 6 Perinatalzentren in Baden-Württemberg – Potenzial zur Reduktion der Frühgeborenenzahl
Authors: Rossi Rainer , Heller Günther , Maier Rolf F.
Published: August 2019

Frühgeburtenrate in 6 Perinatalzentren in Baden-Württemberg – Potential zur Reduktion der Frühgeborenenzahl

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,

mit großem Interesse haben wir die Arbeit von Trotter et al. 1 gelesen und teilen die Auffassung, dass eine Vermeidung von Frühgeburten und eine Reduzierung der Frühgeburtenrate unbedingt anzustreben ist, wie dies auch vom Bundesgesundheitsministerium als Nationales Gesundheitsziel „Gesundheit rund um die Geburt” gefordert wird 2.
YouTube as a Source of Patient Information for Prenatal Repair of Myelomeningocele
Authors: Castillo Jayme , Wassef Christina , Wassef Audrey , Stormes Katie , Berry Anna E.
Published: August 2019

Objective With the increasing interest in fetal repair of myelomeningoceles (MMCs) over the last decade, it is reasonable to anticipate the need for high quality and accessible educational materials for patients. Patients often look to the internet for details regarding medical topics and specifically to YouTube for informative health-related videos. This study aims to analyze the content and shortcomings of currently available videos on YouTube regarding prenatal repair of MMCs.

Study Design A YouTube search was performed on December 15, 2018, using the terms “fetoscopic surgery for neural tube defect” and “fetal surgery for neural tube defect.” The first 50 videos from each search were sorted by relevance and evaluated for video source (i.e., professional, personal, or other), target audience (medical professionals or general public), general descriptive statistics (i.e., video length, number of views, number of comments), and for five areas of content determined by the authors to constitute basic patient information regarding a surgical procedure: (1) procedure details, (2) eligibility criteria, (3) alternatives to surgery, (4) surgical risks, and (5) success rate. Accuracy of videos was not assessed.

Results Of the 16 videos that met inclusion criteria, only 1 discussed fetoscopic surgery. The majority (62.5%) of videos were produced by a professional source and 81.3% were targeted toward the general public rather than medical professionals. Of the 16 videos, 10 (62.5%) included details regarding the surgery, 3 (18.8%) discussed eligibility criteria, and 8 (50.0%) mentioned alternatives to surgery. Additionally, seven videos (43.8%) discussed risks of the procedure and six (37.5%) included surgical success rate.

Conclusion Only 2 of the 16 videos included all five areas of content that were evaluated, and both were in regard to open fetal repair. This study not only calls attention to the initial shortcomings of YouTube videos regarding fetal surgery for neural tube defects but also demonstrates the need for further investigation and more comprehensive analysis.
Direct numerical simulation and statistical analysis of stress-driven turbulent Couette flow with a free-slip boundary
Authors: Li Meng , Yang Di
Published: August 2019

The effects of free-slip boundary on shear turbulence are studied numerically using the direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach. The flow considered in this study is a stress-driven turbulent Couette flow between two flat boundaries. The top boundary has an imposed shear stress in the streamwise direction and a free-slip condition for the streamwise velocity fluctuation and the spanwise velocity, and the bottom boundary satisfies the no-slip condition. This type of flow has a mean flow pattern similar to the turbulent plane Couette flow between a stationary flat plate and a moving flat plate but exhibits considerable differences in turbulence statistics due to the effects of the free-slip boundary. Statistical analysis based on the DNS data and theoretical derivation based on Taylor series expansion show that near the free-slip surface the turbulence variances of the three velocity components vary as quadratic functions of the vertical distance from the boundary while the Reynolds shear stress exhibits a linear behavior, which are very different from the counterparts near the no-slip boundary. The free-slip surface condition also leads to zero horizontal vorticities at the surface but allows nonzero vertical vorticity in the meantime, leading to considerable differences in the near-boundary statistics of vorticities and coherent vortex structures. Comparison of three DNS runs with different grid resolutions shows that smoothly resolving the more energetic turbulent flow structures near the free-slip boundary requires a higher horizontal grid resolution than that used for resolving the structures near the no-slip boundary.
Exploring the mechanism of fracture for entangled polymer liquids in extensional flow
Authors: Huang Qian
Published: August 2019

The critical strain and stress at fracture are systematically investigated for two groups of nearly monodisperse linear polystyrene liquids in an extensional flow. The samples in group I have similar number of Kuhn segments per entangled strand (Ne) but different number of entanglements per chain (Z), while the samples in group II have similar Z but different Ne. We found that the critical conditions, especially the critical stress, are independent of Z but influenced by Ne. The observations indicate that the fracture in entangled polystyrene liquids occurs at a length scale smaller than an entangled strand. Therefore, the fracture originates more likely from scission of primary bonds in polymer chains, rather than rapid entanglement slipping. The level of the critical stress also suggests that at fracture, the polymer chains approach their theoretical maximum stretch ratio, which is equal to Ne.
Flow mechanism for the effect of pivot point on the aerodynamic characteristics of a pitching airfoil and its manipulation
Authors: Li Xiao , Feng Li-Hao , Li Zhen-Yao
Published: August 2019

The effects of pivot point location on the aerodynamic characteristics of a pitching airfoil were numerically investigated. The aerodynamic loads and evolution of flow structures for the fixed-pivot pitching airfoils with different pivot locations were studied first. It was found that the leading-edge vortex grows earlier and the lift coefficient becomes larger with the forward movement of the pivot location during the upstroke motion, which shows an opposite variation during the downstroke motion. Such trend stems from the phase lag in flow evolution of different cases. Thus, a new definition of the effective angle of attack for pitching motions was proposed, and it was found that this parameter could well unify the variations of lift coefficient and vortical evolution caused by the pivot location. The data assimilation indicates that the effective angle of attack is the dominant factor of pivot effect for most time of a period, which reveals the flow mechanism of the pivot effect. This definition was further extrapolated so that it could also be applied to the pitching-plunging motions. Furthermore, a movable pivot pitching scheme by combining respective advantages of fixed-pivot pitching airfoils with different pivot locations was proposed, and it was indicated that the lift performance of the dynamic airfoil could be improved.
Bubble removal is made easier as scientists identify mechanisms for bubble release in shear-thinning fluids
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: August 2019

A mechanism to remove detrimental bubbles is discovered during a study on the rising motion of their contraction and expansion in complex fluids.