bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biofilm formation on three different endotracheal tubes: a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Thorarinsdottir Hulda Rosa , Kander Thomas , Holmberg Anna , Petronis Sarunas , Klarin Bengt
Published: May 2020

Background: Biofilm formation on endotracheal tubes (ETTs) is an early and frequent event in mechanically ventilated patients. The biofilm is believed to act as a reservoir for infecting microorganisms and thereby, contribute to development and relapses of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Once a biofilm has formed on an ETT surface, it is difficult to eradicate. This clinical study aimed to compare biofilm formation on three widely used ETTs with different surface properties and to explore factors potentially predictive of biofilm formation.Methods: We compared the grade of biofilm formation on ETTs made of uncoated polyvinyl chloride (PVC), silicone-coated PVC, and PVC coated with noble metals after > 24 hours of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. The comparison was based on scanning electron microscopy of ETT surfaces, biofilm grading, surveillance and biofilm cultures, and occurrence of VAP.Results: High-grade (score ≥ 7) biofilm formation on the ETTs was associated with development of VAP (OR 4.17 [95% CI 1.14–15.3], p = 0.031). Compared to uncoated PVC ETTs, the silicone-coated and noble-metal-coated PVC ETTs were independently associated with reduced high-grade biofilm formation (OR 0.18 [95% CI 0.06–0.59], p = 0.005 and OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.13–0.93], p = 0.036, respectively). No significant difference was observed between silicon-coated ETTs and noble-metal-coated ETTs (OR 0.54 [95% CI 0.17–1.65] p = 0.278). The microbes found in the ETT biofilm were frequently found in surveillance cultures at intubation and often remained in the biofilm despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. High-grade biofilm formation on ETTs was not predicted by either colonization with common VAP pathogens in surveillance cultures or duration of invasive ventilation.Conclusion: High-grade biofilm formation on ETTs was associated with development of VAP. Compared to the uncoated PVC ETTs, the silicone-coated and noble-metal coated PVC ETTs were independently associated with reduced high-grade biofilm formation. Methods aimed at the continuous monitoring of biofilm formation are warranted. Routines for biofilm removal need further study.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02284438. Retrospectively registered on 21 October 2014, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02284438.
Tectonic plates in 3D mantle convection model with stress- history-dependent rheology
Authors: Miyagoshi Takehiro , Kameyama Masanori , Ogawa Masaki
Published: May 2020

Plate tectonics is a key feature of the dynamics of the Earth’s mantle. By taking into account the stress-history-dependent rheology of mantle materials, we succeeded in realistically producing tectonic plates in our numerical model of mantle convection in a three-dimensional rectangular box. The calculated lithosphere is separated into several pieces (tectonic plates) that rigidly move. Deformation of the lithosphere caused by the relative motion of adjacent plates is concentrated in narrow bands (plate margins) where the viscosity is substantially reduced. The plate margins develop when the stress exceeds a threshold and the lithosphere is ruptured. Once formed, the plate margins persist, even after the stress is reduced below the threshold, allowing the plates to stably move over geologic time. The vertical component of vorticity takes a large value in the narrow plate margins. Secondary convection occurs beneath old tectonic plates as two-dimensional rolls with their axes aligned to the direction of plate motion. The surface heat ﬂow decreases with increasing distance from divergent plate margins (ridges) in their vicinity in the way the cooling half-space model predicts, but it tends towards a constant value away from ridges as observed for the Earth because of the heat transport by the secondary convection.
Nurses’ attunement to patients’ meaning in life – A qualitative study of experiences of Dutch adults ageing in place
Authors: Hupkens Susan , Goumans Marleen , Derkx Peter , Machielse Anja
Published: May 2020

Background: Meaning in life (MiL) is considered to be an important part of health and is associated with many positive outcomes in older adults, such as quality of life and longevity. As health promotors, nurses may take patients’ MiL into account in the care process. There is a knowledge gap in terms of what constitutes good care in relation to older patients’ MiL, and what the benefits may be for patients when nursing is attuned to this aspect. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of home nursing older adults in relation to nurses’ attunement to MiL. Methods: Gadamerian hermeneutic phenomenological design with semi-structured interviews. Participants were 24 aged home nursing patients. A framework of care ethical evaluation was used in the analysis. Multiple dialogues enhanced understanding. Results: Patients did not expect nurses’ regard for their MiL. They rather expected ‘normal contact’ and adequate physical care. Nurses showed that they were open to patients’ MiL by being interested in the patient as a person and by being attentive to specific and hidden needs. Participants explained that the nurse’s behaviour upon arrival set the tone: they knew immediately if there was room for MiL or not. All participants had positive and negative experiences with nurses’ behaviour in relation to MiL. Valued nursing care included maintaining a long, kind and reciprocal relationship; doing what was needed; and skilled personalised care. Participants mentioned ‘special ones’: nurses who attuned to them in a special way and did more than expected. Benefits of care that was attuned to patients’ MiL were: experiencing a cheerful moment, feeling secure, feeling like a valuable person and having a good day. Older adults also stressed that consideration for MiL helps identify what is important in healthcare. Conclusion: Aged homecare patients value nurses’ attunement to their MiL positively. Although patients regard MiL mostly as their own quest, nurses play a modest yet important role. Managers and educators should support nurses’ investment in reciprocal nurse-patient relationships.
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation can improve the prognosis of high-risk paediatric t(8;21) acute myeloid leukaemia in first remission based on MRD-guided treatment.
Authors: Hu Guan-hua , Cheng Yi-fei , Lu Ai-dong , Wang Yu , Zuo Ying-xi , Yan Chen-hua , Wu Jun , Sun Yu-qian , Suo Pan , Chen Yu-hong , Chen Huan , Jia Yue-ping , Liu Kai-yan , Han Wei , Xu Lan-ping , Zhang Leping , Huang Xiao-jun
Published: May 2020

Background: Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) (q22;q22) is classified as a low-risk group. However, relapse is still the main factor affecting survival. We aimed to investigate the effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) on reducing recurrence and improving the survival of high-risk pediatric t(8;21) AML based on minimal residual disease (MRD)-guided treatment, and to further explore the prognostic factors to guide risk stratification treatment and identify who will benefit from allo-HSCT. Methods: Overall, 129 newly diagnosed pediatric t(8;21) AML patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk group according to RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels after two cycles of consolidation chemotherapy. High-risk patients were divided into HSCT group and chemotherapy group according to their treatment choices. The characteristics and outcomes of 125 patients were analyzed. Results: For high-risk patients, allo-HSCT could improve 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate compared to chemotherapy (87.4% vs. 61.9%; P = 0.026). Five-year overall survival (OS) rate in high-risk HSCT group had a trend for better than that in high-risk chemotherapy group (82.8% vs. 71.4%; P = 0.260). The 5-year RFS rate of patients with a c-KIT mutation in high-risk HSCT group had a trend for better than that of patients with a c-KIT mutation in high-risk chemotherapy group (82.9% vs. 75%; P = 0.400). Extramedullary infiltration (EI) at diagnosis was associated with a high cumulative incidence of relapse for high-risk patients (50% vs. 18.4%; P = 0.004); allo-HSCT can improve the RFS (P = 0.009). Conclusions: allo-HSCT can improve the prognosis of high-risk pediatric t(8;21) AML based on MRD-guided treatment. Patients with a c-KIT mutation may benefit from allo-HSCT. EI is an independent prognostic factor for high-risk patients and allo-HSCT can improve the prognosis.
Validation Of IGBO Version Of The Modified Falls Efficacy Scale Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Validation Study
Authors: Okoye Emmanuel Chiebuka , Akosile Christopher Olusanjo , Maruf Fatai Adesina , Onwuakagba Ifeoma Uchenna , Urama Sunday Tobias
Published: May 2020

Background: Fear of falling (FOF) is a very pervasive problem among older adults. Consequently, many scales have been developed for its assessment. The Modified Fall Efficacy Scale (MFES) is one of the most popular FOF scales. The MFES was originally developed for use in developed countries, and thus may not be entirely suitable for use in developing countries due to cultural and environmental differences between the two country categories. This study was therefore designed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the MFES to Igbo culture and environment among community-dwelling older adults in Nnewi community using established guidelines.Methods: The original English version of the MFES (E-MFES) was translated, synthesized, back-translated, subjected to expert panel review, and pretested before producing the final Igbo version of the MFES (I-MFES). The E-MFES, the I-MFES and the Short Falls Efficacy International were randomly administered to consecutively recruited 109 consenting older adult residents of Nnewi (43.1% males; mean age=74.45±8.78 years). Concurrent, convergent and structural validities and internal consistency of the I-MFES were assessed at 0.05 level of significance. Results: All the 14 items on the E-MFES were retained on the I-MFES. There was no significant difference between the corresponding scores on the E-MFES and the I-MFES (p<0.05). The correlations between the corresponding scores on the I-MFES and the M-FES were all excellent (r=0.97-1.00) indicating evidence of concurrent validity of the I-MFES. The correlation between the total scores on the I-MFES and the Short Falls Efficacy International was excellent (r=9.3) indicating evidence of convergent validity. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the I-MFES is 0.97 showing evidence of excellent internal consistency. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of some aspects of validity and reliability of the I-MFES.
The Pulmonary Sequalae in Discharged Patients With COVID-19: A Short-term Observational Study
Authors: Liu Dehan , Zhang Wanshu , Pan Feng , Li Lin , Yang Lian , Wang Jiazheng , Zheng Dandan , Liang Bo
Published: May 2020

Background: A cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia were discharged from hospitals in Wuhan, China. We aimed to determine the cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution at each time point, to explore the relevant affecting factors, and to describe the chest CT findings at different time points after hospital discharge.Methods: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by RT-PCR who were discharged consecutively from the hospital between 5 February 2020 and 10 March 2020 and who underwent serial chest CT scans on schedule were enrolled. The radiological characteristics of all patients were collected and analysed. The total CT score was the sum of non-GGO involvement determined at discharge. Afterwards, all patients underwent chest CT scans during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge. Imaging features and distributions were analysed across different time points.Results: A total of 149 patients who completed all CT scans were evaluated; there were 67 (45.0%) men and 82 (55.0%) women, with a median age of 43 years old (IQR 36-56). The cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution was 8.1% (12 patients), 41.6% (62), 50.3% (75), and 53% (79) at discharge and during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge, respectively. Patients ≤44 years old showed a significantly higher cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution than patients >44 years old at the 3-week follow-up. The predominant patterns of abnormalities observed at discharge were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (65 [43.6%]), fibrous stripe (45 [30.2%]), and thickening of the adjacent pleura (16 [10.7%]). Lung lesions showed obvious resolution from 2 to 3 weeks after discharge, especially in terms of GGO and fibrous stripe. “Tinted” sign and bronchovascular bundle distortion as two special features were discovered during the evolution.Conclusion: Lung lesions in COVID-19 pneumonia patients can be absorbed completely during short-term follow-up with no sequelae. Three weeks after discharge might be the optimal time point for early radiological estimation.
Biodegradation of textile dye using consortium of bacterial strains isolated from industrial dye effluent
Authors: El-Sheshtawy H. S. , Abdelkreem M.
Published: May 2020

Dyes are discharged into water through many industries such as textile industries. Disposal of these dyes into the aquatic and terrestrial environment causes serious damage. Remarkable, processes for the treatment of dye waste involve biological remediation, catalytic oxidation, filtration, and sorption process. In this study the textile industrial dye effluent was treated using biodegradation method. The degradation of dye wastewater was determined by pure bacteria and its consortium isolated from textile effluent. Three different bacterial spp. were isolated and subjected to dye decolorization assays. The isolates were identified by 16sRNA as Aeromonas aquatic AE 235, Flavobacterium ginsengiterrae DCY55, Shewanella xiamenensis S4. The percentage decolorization process was detected by UV spectrophotometer. This process was obtained at 90, 94, 95 and 98% respectively by pure of three bacterial strains B1, B2, and B3 and its consortium BC. The degradation process of dye effluent was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The physico-chemical analysis of the effluent sample was investigated before and after biodegradation treatment to emphasize the process efficiency. The results indicated that these bacterial strains have good potential for the biodegradation of dye from textile waste water.
Identification of ACSL4 as a biomarker and contributor of ferroptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: guo na
Published: May 2020

Background

ACSL4 has been reported to be related to tumor genesis and involved in the processes of ferroptosis. However, the expression levels and prognostic value of ACSL4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unclear.
Methods

The Oncomine and TCGA databases were used to predict the expression of ACSL4 mRNA in ccRCC and its association with ccRCC prognosis. The expression levels of ACSL4 were determined in human RCC tissues by real-time PCR. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ACSL4 in ccRCC. A ferroptosis inducer (erastin) was used to investigate the effects of ACSL4 on ferroptosis in ccRCC cell lines.
Results

The expression level of ACSL4 was significantly down-regulated in ccRCC tissues (P < 0.001), which was consistent with the analysis of the Oncomine and TCGA database. Then, immunohistochemical results demonstrated that the ACSL4 was weak or not detected in ccRCC tissues than that in normal tissues. ACSL4 differential expression level was significantly related to gender, ccRCC subtypes, nodal invasion, tumor grade and cancer stages (all P < 0.001). Survival analysis revealed that overall survival was favorable in ccRCC patients with ACSL4 high expression (P = 0.014). Overexpression of ACSL4 by gene transfection restores ferroptosis sensitization in cancer cells, whereas suppression of ACSL4 expression by RNAi increases ferroptosis resistance. Mechanically, protein ubiquitination may be involved in ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis.
Conclusions

As a monitor and contributor of ferroptosis, ACSL4 was decreased in ccRCC and served as a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, which will be a new potential therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Intramedullary reaming and irrigation in associated with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate implantation in the treatment of infection after intramedullary nailing: A retrospective study of 19 cases.
Authors: Zhang Hong-An , Zhou Chun-Hao , Meng Xiang-Qing , Fang Jia , Qin Cheng-He
Published: May 2020

Background
The incidence of intramedullary infection is increasing with the frequent application of intramedullary fixations on long bone fractures in latest decades. However, appropriate treatment for those special infection remains a challenge. The aims of this study were to assess the efficiency of our treatment protocols: intramedullary nail removal, medullary canal reaming and irrigation, followed by antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate implantation with or without distraction osteogenesis, for the treatment of infection after intramedullary nailing.
Methods
From 2014 to 2017, a total of 19 patients with intramedullary infection were treated in our center, with means of intramedullary nail removal, distal diaphysis fenestration, medullary canal reaming and irrigation, antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate implantation, followed by distraction osteogenesis in 9 cases to repair bone defect. The infection remission rate, infection recurrence rate and post-operative complications rate were assessed during the follow-up.
Results
All of patients gained satisfactory outcomes with an average follow-up of 38.1 (24 to 55months). 94.7% (18/19) patients achieved infection remission after surgical treatment. 5.3% (1/19) patient developed reinfection, but healed at the end of follow up with re-debridement. 9 patients with surgery-related bone defects received bone transport and successfully restored the length of involved limbs, with a mean transport duration of 10.7 months (range, 6.7 to 19.5months). Majority of patients achieved pain free and full weight bearing during the follow-up. Postoperative complications mainly included prolonged aseptic draining (36.8%, 7/19) and refracture (5.3%, 1/19), which were successfully managed by regular dressing and refixation.
Conclusion
Intramedullary nail removal, canal reaming and irrigation in associated with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate implantation (with or without distraction osteogenesis) were effective in the treatment of infection after intramedullary nailing.
Propensity for COVID-19 severe epidemic among the populations of the neighborhoods of Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2020
Authors: Braga Jose Ueleres , Ramos Alberto Novaes , Ferreira Anderson Fuentes , Lacerda Victor Macêdo , Freire Renan Monteiro Carioca , Bertoncini Bruno Vieira
Published: May 2020

Background: The state of Ceará (Northeast Brazil) has shown a high incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and most of the cases that were diagnosed during the epidemic originated from the capital Fortaleza. Monitoring the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic is of strategic importance and requires the use of sensitive tools for epidemiological surveillance, including consistent analyses that allow the recognition of areas with a greater propensity for increased severity throughout the cycle of the epidemic. This study aims to classify neighborhoods in the city of Fortaleza according to their propensity for a severe epidemic of COVID-19 in 2020. Methods: We conducted an ecological study within the geographical area of the 119 neighborhoods located in the city of Fortaleza. To define the main transmission networks (infection chains), we assumed that the spatial diffusion of the COVID-19 epidemic was influenced by population mobility. To measure the propensity for a severe epidemic, we calculated the infectivity burden (ItyB), infection burden (IonB), and population epidemic vulnerability index (PEVI). The propensity score for a severe epidemic in the neighborhoods of the city of Fortaleza was estimated by combining the IonB and PEVI. Results: The neighborhoods with the highest propensity for a severe COVID-19 epidemic were Aldeota, Cais do Porto, Centro, Edson Queiroz, Vicente Pinzon, Jose de Alencar, Presidente Kennedy, Papicu, Vila Velha, Antonio Bezerra, and Cambeba. Importantly, we found that the propensity for a COVID-19 epidemic was high in areas with differing socioeconomic profiles. These areas include a very poor neighborhood situated on the western border of the city (Vila Velha), neighborhoods characterized by a large number of subnormal agglomerates in the Cais do Porto region (Vicente Pinzon), and those located in the oldest central area of the city, where despite the wealth, low-income groups have remained (Aldeota and the adjacent Edson Queiroz).Conclusion: Although measures against COVID-19 should be applied to the entire municipality of Fortaleza, the classification of neighborhoods generated through this study can help improve the specificity and efficiency of these measures.
Preparing for the COVID-19 Pandemic Response in a Country Emerging From an Ebola Epidemic: Assessment of Health Workers' Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Guinea
Authors: CAMARA Ibrahima
Published: May 2020

Background: On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization designated the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Scope (USPPI). Underdeveloped countries, such as the Republic of Guinea, where the health system has been severely impacted by the Ebola virus epidemic between 2013 and 2014, will therefore find it difficult to respond effectively to the predicted epidemic. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical personnel on the prevention of Covid-2019.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study with an analytical aim carried out from 1st to 29th February 2020 among front-line health workers in the health structures of the city of Conakry. Data were collected using the Kobocollect application by administration of a standardized questionnaire. The knowledge and attitude score was categorized in 2: Good if ≥ at the average score and bad if < 50%. Logistic regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with knowledge and attitude. Odds ratios (OR) with their confidence intervals were calculated.Results :548 health workers surveyed, the mean score for knowledge on the prevention of Covid-19 was 54.81 SD = 9.71, [95% CI: [ 53.9-55.6]. 70.6% had a good knowledge of Covid-19. However, 99.6% of the staff did not know the emergency number in case of a suspected case and about 50% did not know the incubation period of Covid-19.Among the health personnel interviewed, 57.7% had a good attitude towards a suspected case of Covid-19.Although the majority (57.5%) of the health workers had received training in infection prevention and control, infection prevention and control (IPC) practices were not routinely implemented, as the implementation rate was not even 80% for every action.Variables associated with poor knowledge of Covid-19 prevention were sex, health facility, and staff grade. As for poor attitude, the associated variables were knowledge of Ebola cases reported in the facility and the rank of the health staff.Conclusion:This study underlines the difficulties of the appropriation of prevention and protection measures against Covid-19 by health personnel for whom the risk appears remote and limited to a transnational or foreign elite.
Evaluation of Youtube Video Content About Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Oztermeli Ahmet , Karahan Nazım
Published: May 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos regarding developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).YouTube is one of the most popular websites used as a source of information, but the variety in authorship and lack of a peer-review process are problems.Methods: The search string “developmental dysplasia of the hip” was inputted to the YouTube search engine, and the first 52 videos returned as a response were assessed. The Video Power Index (VPI) (like ratio*view ratio/100) was used to assess the popularity of the videos. Global Quality Score (GQS) and developmental dysplasia of the hip scores (DDHS) were used to evaluate the quality and educational quality of the videos, and The Journal of the American Medical Association Score (JAMAS) was used to evaluate the accuracy of the source of information.Results: According to our research, the mean duration time of the videos was 526 s (SD: 813), and the average view count of the videos was 34,644. The mean time since upload was 1907 days (SD: 1137). On average, the videos received 10.9 comments, 210.3 likes, and 6.8 dislikes. The mean like ratio and VPI were 92.9 (SD: 19.57) and 25.8 (SD: 53.43), respectively. The mean JAMAS, GQS, and DDHS of all videos evaluated were 1.37 (SD: 0.7), 2.46 (SD: 1.09), and 4.63 (SD: 5.00), respectively. The DDHS and GQS were positively correlated (p:0.001 r: 65.8%). The GQS and the DDHS were higher in the academic group than in the commercial group (p:0.01). (p:0.037).Conclusions: The videos regarding DDH on YouTube generally had poor quality. As a result, to maintain an optimal parent–physician or patient–physician relationship, we suggest that international health societies make their own educational videos for parents, patients, and fellow physicians.
Dendrobium officinale Six nostrum promotes excretion of intestinal uric acid in hyperuricemia rat through inhibiting LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: xue chen , hongzhang ge , shanshan lei , zhetian jiang , jie su , qiaoxian yu , bo li , guiyuan lv , suhong chen
Published: May 2020

Background : To evaluate the effect of Dendrobium officinale Six nostrum (DOS) on promoting the intestinal excretion of uric acid (UA) in the rat model of hyperuricemia (HUA), and explored its possible mechanisms of action. Methods: In this study, HUA was induced in rat by administration of lipid emulsion (LE) for 6 weeks, meanwhile, the rat was orally administered with DOS for 6 weeks. Then the level of serum uric acid (SUA) and fecal uric acid (FUA) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in hepatic portal vein blood was detected by ELISA kit. The intestinal protein levels of ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) were measured by Western blot assay. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess intestinal histological changes. Meanwhile, the main compositions of DOS were identified and determined by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: According to HPLC analysis, acteoside and astilbin were identified as the main chemical components of DOS. Our results indicated that DOS significantly reduced SUA level and increased FUA level in the HUA rat induced by oral administration of LE for 6 weeks. IHC and Western blot showed that DOS could significantly increase protein level of ABCG2 and reduce protein level of GLUT9 in the intestine. It remarkably reduced the content of LPS in hepatic portal vein blood and decrease protein levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the intestine. In addition, DOS could improve the histopathological changes of intestine through increasing the number of intestinal gland goblet cells, and recovering the complete and neatly-arranged structure of small intestinal epithelial cells. Conclusions: DOS has the effect of treating hyperuricemia, the molecular mechanism may be associated with up-regulating ABCG2 protein level, and down-regulating protein level of GLUT9 in the intestine to promote the intestinal excretion of UA, and then decreasing the SUA level. In addition, DOS can reduce the damage of inflammatory response to the intestine, improve the histopathological changes of intestine in HUA rat through inhibiting LPS/TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
Folic Acid Can Reduce Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced Vascular Damage by Immune/Inflammatory Response in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Zhang Lihua , li Zhongliang , Xing Changcheng , Gao Ning , Cao Ping , Hui Qingcheng , Yun Lin , Xu Rui
Published: May 2020

Background

Hypertension associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is correlated with a high risk of vascular diseases. However, the mechanisms of HHcy-associated hypertensive vascular damage and the efficacy of folic acid (FA) as a treatment have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of immune/inflammatory molecules and oxidizing factors in HHcy-associated hypertensive vascular damage, and to observe the intervention effect of FA on the two vascular injury factors.
Methods

Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were administered DL-Hcy intraperitoneally to mimic HHcy and hypertension associated with HHcy for 12 weeks. WKYs and SHRs were randomized into WKY group, HHcy group, SHR group, SHR + HHcy group and SHR + HHcy + FA group. Mean tail artery blood pressure, plasma Hcy, serum SOD and MDA of rats in each group were compared. The thoracic aorta and bilateral carotid artery of rats were harvested for morphometric and immunostaining analyses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of immune/inflammatory molecules such as TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB p65/Rela and NF-κB2 and oxidative factors such as Nox2 and Nox4.
Results

We found that vascular inflammatory factors of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB) p65/Rela in HHcy-associated hypertensive rats were significantly higher than those in SHRs (P༜0.05). While the oxidative stress indicators of Nox2 and Nox4 in HHcy-associated hypertensive rats were not significantly higher than those in SHRs (P༞0.05). Compared with SHRs, FA intervention in HHcy-associated hypertensive rats significantly increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (P = 0.000) and significantly reduced vascular inflammatory factors of IL-6 and NF-κB p65/Rela (P༜0.05), but did not significantly change the oxidative stress indicators of Nox2 and Nox4 (P༞0.05).
Conclusions

HHcy-induced immune/inflammatory response plays a dominant role in vascular damage of HHcy-associated hypertensive rats. In addition to reducing the negative effects of HHcy, FA might involve unique antioxidant effects and inhibition of immune/inflammatory overreaction for HHcy-associated hypertensive rats.
Retrospective cohort study of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel plus ramucirumab versus paclitaxel plus ramucirumab as second-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Okunaka Mashiro , Kotani Daisuke , Demachi Ken , Kawazoe Akihito , Yoshino Takayuki , Kawasaki Toshikatsu , Shitara Kohei
Published: May 2020

Background Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) has shown non-inferiority to paclitaxel (PTX) as second-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) with fewer infusion-related reactions. The efficacy and safety of nab-PTX plus ramucirumab (RAM) was reported in a phase II trial; however, there is no randomized trial comparing this regimen with PTX plus RAM in patients with AGC. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of nab-PTX plus RAM versus PTX plus RAM in patients with AGC. Methods This study included patients with AGC who received nab-PTX plus RAM from September 2017 to January 2019 or PTX plus RAM from June 2015 to August 2017 as second-line chemotherapy in our hospital. Results A total of 113 and 138 patients who received nab-PTX plus RAM and PTX plus RAM, respectively, were analyzed. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4–4.3) in the nab-PTX plus RAM group and 3.9 months (95% CI: 3.1–4.7) in the PTX plus RAM group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.83–1.40; P = 0.573). Median overall survival (OS) was 10.9 months (95% CI: 9.3–12.7) in the nab-PTX plus RAM group and 10.3 months (95% CI: 8.5–12.0) in the PTX plus RAM group (hazard ratio: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.61–1.10; P = 0.188). In patients with moderate/massive ascites, favorable outcomes for progression-free survival were observed in the nab-PTX plus RAM group compared with the PTX plus RAM group. Although anemia and fatigue (any grade) were more frequent in the nab-PTX plus RAM group, discontinuation of study treatment was not increased in the nab-PTX plus RAM group. There was no occurrence of hypersensitivity reaction in the nab-PTX plus RAM group, while two patients (1.4%) experienced grade 3 hypersensitivity reactions in the PTX plus RAM group. Conclusions The combination of nab-PTX plus RAM showed a similar efficacy and safety profile to PTX plus RAM as second-line treatment for patients with AGC.
Development and Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire for Food and Nutrient Intake of Adults in Butajira, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Feyesa Ilili , Endris Bilal S , Habtemariam Esete , Hassen Hamid Y , Gebreyesus Seifu H
Published: May 2020

Background: To date, there is no culture-specific and validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) available in Ethiopia. We developed a FFQ and evaluated its validity as compared to estimates of a food group and nutrient intakes derived from two 24-Hour Dietary Recalls (24-HRs).Method: The FFQ has a total of 89 food items. A total of 105 adults aged 20–65 years participated in this study. Wilcoxon- signed rank test, Spearman’s correlation, Cross-classification, kappa, and Bland-Altman analysis were used to validate food group intakes and nutrients derived from FFQ against two 24-HRs.Results: Mean energy and macronutrient intakes obtained from the FFQ were significantly higher than those obtained from the mean of two 24-HRs. For energy and macronutrients, the correlation between two instruments ranged from 0.05 (total fat) to 0.32 (carbohydrate). Whereas, for micronutrients it ranged from 0.1 (calcium) to 0.49 (vitamin B1). Visual inspection of the Bland-Altman plots for both energy and macronutrients shows no consistent trend across the intake values. For the majority of the food groups, no significant difference was observed in median intake of foods and nutrients between 24-HRs and FFQ. Correlation coefficients for food groups ranged from 0.12 (egg) to 0.78 (legumes). The FFQ showed a fair classification agreement with the 24-HRs for cereals, legumes, and roots and tubers intakes. A systematic trend of overestimation for roots and tubers and under estimation of beverage intakes at higher values was observed when we used FFQ.Conclusion: The FFQ is valid to assess and rank individuals in terms of intakes of most food groups according to high and low intake categories. However, estimates of roots and tuber and beverages should be interpreted with caution.
Anemoside B4 protects against Klebsiella pneumoniae- and influenza virus FM1-induced pneumonia via the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway in mice
Authors: He Jia , Yuan Renyikun , Cui Xiaolan , Cui Yushun , Han Shan , Wang Qin-Qin , Chen Yangling , Huang Liting , Yang Shilin , Xu Qiongming , Zhao Yonghui , Gao Hongwei
Published: May 2020

Background Pneumonia refers to the inflammation of the terminal airway, alveoli and pulmonary interstitium, which can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms, physical and chemical factors, immune damage, and drugs. Anemoside B4, the major ingredient of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. However, the therapeutic effect of anemoside B4 on pneumonia has not been unraveled. This study aims to investigate that anemoside B4 attenuates the inflammatory responses in Klebsiella pneumonia (KP)- and influenza virus FM1 (FM1)-induced pneumonia mice model.Methods The network pharmacology and molecular docking assays were employed to predict the targets of anemoside B4’s treatment of pneumonia. Two models (bacterial KP-infected mice and virus FM1-infected mice) were employed in our study. BALB/c mice were divided into six groups: control, model group (KP- induced pneumonia or FM1-induced pneumonia), anemoside B4 (B4)-treated group (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg), and positive drug group (Ribavirin or Ceftriaxone Sodium Injection). Blood samples were collected for hematology analysis. The effects of B4 on inflammation-associated mediators were investigated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Proteins expression was quantified by western blotting.Results The network results indicated that many pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) participated in anemoside B4’s anti-inflammatory activity. The counts of neutrophil (NEU) and white blood cell (WBC), the level of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased by KP or FM1 infection, which were reversed by anemoside B4. In addition, anemoside B4 significantly suppressed the FM1-induced expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88), and myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2), which were further validated by molecular docking data that anemoside B4 bound to bioactive sites of TLR4. Therefore, anemoside B4 exhibited a significant therapeutic effect on pneumonia via the TLR4/MyD88 pathway.Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that anemoside B4 attenuates pneumonia via the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway, suggesting that anemoside B4 is a promising therapeutic candidate for bacterial-infected or viral-infected pneumonia.
Modulation of steroidogenesis by Actaea racemosa and vitamin C combination, in Letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model: Promising activity without the risk of hepatic adverse effect
Authors: Azouz Asmaa A. , Ali Sara E. , Abd-Elsalam Reham M. , Emam Shimaa R. , Galal Mona K. , Elmosalamy Sherif H. , Alsherbiny Muhammad , Hassan Bardes B. , Li Chun Guang , Badawy Shymaa A. El
Published: May 2020

Background Complementary remedies such as the Chinese herb ‘Sheng Ma’ (Black cohosh; Actaea racemose ‘AR’) are being sought to surmount the shortcomings of conventional hormonal and surgical therapies developed in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the AR hepatotoxicity urges a cautionary warning to be labelled on its products as recommended by the United States Pharmacopeia where 4 out of 7 hepatotoxic cases in Sweden were possibly associated with black cohosh products.Methods We investigated the efficacy, safety and molecular targets of black cohosh ethanolic extract and/or vitamin C on ovarian functionality, oxidative response in the hyperandrogenism-induced PCOS alongside with holistic profiling of its arsenal of secondary metabolites using UPLC-Qtof-MS. A well-established rat model using oral letrozole, daily, for 21 days was employed then the rats received the AR extract with and without vitamin C for 28 days. The hormonal evaluation, antioxidant status, histopathological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression ratio of the aromatase (Cyp19α1) gene were evaluated.Results Beneficial effects were exerted by AR in PCOS rats via the improved antioxidant status, hormonal profile, lipid profile, glucose level, liver functions, curtailed percentage of apoptotic cells and the induced Ki-67 expression in the granulosa, theca cell layers and interstitial stromal cells. Notably, AR combination with vitamin C was not only more effective to reverse the dysregulated levels of testosterone, luteinising hormone, and mRNA level of Cyp19α1 gene in the PCOS rat, but also safer, while the combination regulated both ovarian and hepatic MDA and GSH levels with a histologic improvement noticed in livers and ovaries. In addition, the untargeted metabolomic profiling enabled the identification of 61 metabolites allocated in five major chemical classes.Conclusion This study demonstrated the benefit of the combination between AR and vitamin C in mitigating the reproductive and metabolic disorders of PCOS with the elimination of AR hepatotoxic risk.
Abnormal Expression and Prognostic Significance of EPB41L1 in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Based on Data Mining
Authors: Liang Taotao , Sang Siyao , Shao Qi , Deng Zhichao , Wang Ting , Kang Qiao-zhen
Published: May 2020

Background: EPB41L1 gene (erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 1) encodes the protein 4.1N, a member of 4.1 family, playing a vital role in cell adhesion and migration, which is associated with the malignant progression of various human cancers. However, the expression and prognostic significance of EPB41L1 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains to be investigated.Methods: In this study, we collected the mRNA expression of EPB41L1 in KIRC through the Oncomine platform, and used the HPA database to perform the pathological tissue immunohistochemistry in patients. Then, the sub-groups and prognosis of KIRC were performed by UALCAN and GEPIA web-tool, respectively. Further, the mutation of EPB41L1 in KIRC were analyzed by c-Bioportal. The co-expression genes of EPB41L1 in KIRC were displayed from the LinkedOmics database, and function enrichment analysis was used by LinkFinder module in LinkedOmics. Co-expression gene network was constructed through the STRING database, and the MCODE plug-in of which was used to build the gene modules, both of them were visualized by Cytoscape software. Finally, the top modular genes in the same patient cohort were constructed through data mining in TCGA by using the UCSC Xena browser.Results: The results indicated that EPB41L1 was down-expressed in KIRC, leading to a poor prognosis. Moreover, there is a mutation in the FERM domain of EPB41L1, but it has no significant effect on the prognosis of KIRC. The co-expressed genes of EPB41L1 was associated with cell adhesion. Further analysis suggested that EPB41L1 and amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) were coordinated to regulated cancer cell adhesion, thereby increasing the incidence of cancer cell metastasis and tumor invasion.Conclusions: In summary, EPB41L1 is constantly down-expressed in KIRC tissues, resulting a poor prognosis. Therefore, we suggest that it can be an effective biomarker for the diagnosis of KIRC.
Transplantation of bone mesenchymal stem cells effectively promotes intestine regeneration to eliminate endotoxemia and reduce mortality in the animal model of acute liver failure
Authors: Jiang Ting , Xia Geng , Yang Bo , Zhang Hong-wei , Yin Yue-shan , Tang Cheng-wei , Yang Jin-hui
Published: May 2020

Background

Endotoxemia based on liver failure has been reported to be related to the worse clinical outcomes, but its management remains unsatisfactory. The addition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could promote the recovery of liver function and increase the survival with the liver failure. However, little is known about the potential of cell therapy with endotoxemia based on liver failure.
Methods

BMSCs were isolated from rats, and their morphology, differentiation potential, surface markers, and cell cycle were assayed. Thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure rats were randomized to groups with or without BMSCs. During the experiment, survival was recorded. Diamine oxidase (DAO), endotoxin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) and tissue were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), histology, and western blot. Bromodeoxynucleoside uracil (BrdU) incorporation assay was performed to observe the migration of BMSCs. The intestinal epithelial differentiation of BMSCs was induced by co culture with small intestinal crypt in rats (IEC-6). Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression of intestinal endothelial markers. Western blot analysis was further performed to examine the differentiation effect when inhibiting the phosphoinositide kinase-3 (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.
Results

BrdU-traced BMSCs targeted migrate to intestinal injury sites. Mortality was significantly decreased and intestinal damage was repaired following BMSCs transplantation. Proteomics revealed higher expression of DAO, endotoxin, IL-6 and TNF-α in the model animals, but these changes were reversed after BMSCs transplantation. In the in vitro study, the intestinal epithelial differentiation of BMSCs was exhibited following co-culture. Moreover, the blocking of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway inhibited this differentiation.
Conclusions

These evidences indicate that BMSCs eliminate endotoxemia and reduce mortality in the animal model of acute liver failure by reducing intestine damage.
Downregulation of Dickkopf-1 Augments the Therapeutic Effects of Endometrial Regenerative Cells on Experimental Colitis
Authors: Yu Dingding , Zhao Yiming , Hu Yonghao , Kong Dejun , Jin Wang , Qin Yafei , Zhang Baoren , Li Xiang , Hao Jingpeng , Wang Hongda , Li Guangming , Wang Hao
Published: May 2020

Background

We have demonstrated that endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) are mesenchymal-like stromal cells and can attenuate experimental colitis, however, its underlying mechanism needs further investigation. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a glucoprotein secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), is a classical inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway which is closely associated with the development of colitis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether ERCs could also secret DKK1, and whether the downregulation of DKK1 (DKK1low-ERCs) would enhance the therapeutic effects of ERCs in attenuation of experimental colitis.
Methods

BALB/c mice were given 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 consecutive days and free tap water for 3 days sequentially to induce experimental colitis. Unmodified ERCs, IL-1β-treated ERCs (DKK1low-ERCs) and glucocorticoid-treated ERCs (DKK1high-ERCs) were injected (1 million/mouse/day, i.v.) on day 2, 5 and 8 respectively. Colonic and splenic samples were harvested on day 10 after DSS-induction.
Results

It was found that DKK1low-ERC treatment markedly attenuated colonic damage, body weight loss and colon-length shortening in colitis mice. Compared with other treatments, cell populations of CD4+IL-4+Th2, CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg, and CD68+CD206+macrophages in spleens were also significantly upregulated in DKK1low-ERC group (p < 0.05). In addition, lower expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and IFN-γ), but higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and β-catenin were detected in colons in DKK1low-ERC group (p < 0.01 vs. other groups).
Conclusions

DKK1low-ERCs display augmented immunoregulatory ability and therapeutic effects in DSS-induced colitis.