bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Oshima Yasuo , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Yuji Koichiro , Tojo Arinobu
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To investigate characteristics of multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients associated with drugs other than natalizumab since our experience in other disease-modifying drugs (DMD) is still limited.

Methods:

This is a descriptive observational study within the FAERS database, registered between July 2015 and June 2017.

Results:

The primary cohort for the analysis consisted of 100,921 MS patients (mean (standard deviation (sd)) age, 48.9 (12.8) years, 20.9% male). Among them 786 (0.78%) developed PML. The adjusted odds ratio of PML for each drug was as follows; natalizumab 115.72 (95% CI; 83.83, 159.74), fingolimod 4.98 (3.64, 6.81) followed by dimethyl fumarate 1.77 (1.2, 2.62) and rituximab 3.22 (1.07, 9.72). The median time from the start of suspected drugs to the onset of PML for natalizumab and other agents were 1463 and 178 days, respectively. The proportion of PML appeared higher in Japan (2.4%) compared to that in the United States (0.24%).

Conclusion:

The reporting proportion of PML was relatively higher in natalizumab followed by fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate and rituximab. Other characteristics of PML associated with DMDs, including the time to onset and differences in reporting among countries, are described.
Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction for people with multiple sclerosis at 8 weeks and 12 months: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Senders Angela , Hanes Douglas , Bourdette Dennis , Carson Kimberly , Marshall Lynn M , Shinto Lynne
Published: July 2018

Background:

Mindfulness training is often used as a therapeutic intervention to manage stress and enhance emotional well-being, yet trials for multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited and few have used an active control.

Objective:

Assess the feasibility of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for people with MS and evaluate the efficacy of MBSR compared to an education control.

Methods:

We conducted a single-blind, randomized trial of MBSR versus education control among 62 adults with MS. Primary outcomes were measures of feasibility. Secondary outcomes included perceived stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain, resilience, and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, assessed at baseline, 8 weeks, and 12 months. Mean scores for secondary outcome measures were compared between groups at each time point and within groups across time by analyses of covariance or paired t-tests, respectively.

Results:

Successful recruitment and retention demonstrated feasibility. Improvements in several secondary outcomes were observed among both MBSR and control groups. However, differences between the groups were not statistically significant at either 8 weeks or 12 months.

Conclusion:

Emotional well-being improved with both MBSR and education. Spontaneous improvement cannot be ruled out as an explanation for findings and additional studies that evaluate the impact of mindfulness training to improve emotional health are warranted.
Justified killing in an age of radically asymmetric warfare
Authors: Renic Neil C
Published: July 2018

The growing ability of the US to kill with impunity in war has prompted some to question whether such advantage challenges the moral justifications for inter-combatant violence. This scholarship, however, has yet to properly clarify both the explicit and tacit role of reciprocal risk within this moral determination. A systematic explanation is needed of the function of risk in the right to kill in war. This article engages with the in bello component of the Just War Tradition to determine: first, the role of reciprocal risk in the moral justifications for killing in war; and, second, the extent to which these justifications may be challenged within conditions of radical asymmetry, exemplified today by the unmanned aerial vehicle exclusive violence of the US. The first three sections of this article each review an account of Just War: conventionalism, revisionism and contractarianism. It is argued that the coherence of each of these moral accounts, particularly in terms of the permissiveness of inter-combatant violence, is grounded in an assumption of collective reciprocal risk. Radically asymmetric conditions of battle render ambiguous what would otherwise be a morally unproblematic use of military violence. This article will conclude by highlighting how this challenge manifests in practice, through analysis of the ongoing unmanned aerial vehicle exclusive violence of the US. The radical differentials of physical risk that characterise this violence threaten to erode the capacity of the US to interpret and apply standard judgements of Just War theory against those it targets.
Targeting the ‘right’ patients for integrated care: stakeholder perspectives from a qualitative study
Authors: Stokes Jonathan , Riste Lisa , Cheraghi-Sohi Sudeh
Published: July 2018

Objective

To explore the perceptions of relevant stakeholders in terms of targeting the ‘right’ patients for integrated care.

Methods

Secondary analysis of qualitative interviews with relevant stakeholders (including programme managers, programme initiators, a representative of the payers, medical and social care professionals and allied health services staff) from two integrated care sites in England. A thematic analysis was conducted of cross-cutting themes.

Results

Both sites focused on individualized management of ‘high-risk’ patients through multidisciplinary team case management. The data-driven approach to targeting patients, recommended in the policy literature, did not align with stakeholders’ experience of selecting patients in practice. The ‘right’ patients were at lower risk than those recommended by policy, and their complexities were identified as comprising mostly social rather than medical issues.

Conclusions

These findings raise timely questions about the individualized management approach. They potentially explain why management of high-risk patients has not been found to be effective using quantitative measures, undermining the assumption that this approach will lead to cost savings. There is a need to expand beyond an individually targeted approach to incorporate prevention and to address social issues.
Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid profile is associated with vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Morioka Tomoaki , Emoto Masanori , Imamura Satoshi , Kakutani Yoshinori , Yamazaki Yuko , Motoyama Koka , Mori Katsuhito , Fukumoto Shinya , Shioi Atsushi , Shoji Tetsuo , Inaba Masaaki
Published: July 2018

Decreased plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels or the n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios are associated with a risk of cardiovascular events. In this cross-sectional study, we measured plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid and investigated the association between the plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and vascular endothelial function in 396 patients with type 2 diabetes. Endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery was measured using ultrasonography. Multiple regression analyses, including age, sex, body mass index, and other cardiovascular risk factors, revealed that plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels ( β = 0.140, p = 0.008) and the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio ( β = 0.127, p = 0.019), but not plasma docosahexaenoic acid levels ( β = 0.067, p = 0.220) or the docosahexaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio ( β = 0.034, p = 0.559), were independently and positively associated with flow-mediated dilatation. In conclusion, plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels and the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio are independently associated with endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study indicates a positive association between eicosapentaenoic acid, rather than docosahexaenoic acid, and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.
Training Child Care Inspectors to Deliver Health Messaging: A Quality Improvement Pilot Project
Authors: Farewell Charlotte V. , Puma Jini , Mason Mondi A. , Peirce Paula , Shimomura Michele , Harms Megan
Published: July 2018

Early childhood obesity is at epidemic proportions. Early child care providers have a unique opportunity to instill healthy eating and active living behaviors in children that can foster lifelong health. Academic–community partnerships that involve collaborations between child care centers, local public health departments, and universities provide one avenue to strengthening healthy eating and active living–related knowledge and skills among early child care providers. This quality improvement pilot intervention, titled Healthy Child Care Makes a Healthy Start, is one example of this type of collaboration. This quality improvement pilot project consisted of two complementary intervention components. Inspectors were trained to cofacilitate a strategic planning process with university researchers to help providers implement healthy eating and active living–related policy, system, and environment changes in their child care homes and centers. An average of five changes were implemented in participating child care locations. Inspectors also received training on health-related best practices and delivered 1-minute health messages to child care providers during routine inspection visits. This type of innovative partnership has the potential to leverage a currently existing relationship between child care providers and licensing and regulation inspectors and shift the relationship to include dissemination and implementation of health messaging in child care center and home settings.
The Effects of a Choral Singing Intervention on Speech Characteristics in Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Higgins Ashley N. , Richardson Kelly C.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine speech characteristics in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) before and after participation in an 11-week choral singing intervention. Speech characteristics were analyzed using an acoustic measure of vowel space area (VSA) and a standardized speech intelligibility metric. Participants included five males and five females with PD. VSA was derived for the corner vowels (/i/, /u/, /æ/ /α/) produced during a sentence-level task. VSA was expressed as an irregular quadrilateral formed by the first and second formants of these corner vowels. A validated speech intelligibility instrument was administered pre- and posttreatment. VSA significantly increased posttreatment, which suggests greater tongue excursion during vowel articulation. Speech intelligibility scores significantly increased posttreatment, thus reflecting improved speech communication. Results suggest that choral singing may be a viable speech treatment for some individuals with PD. A large-scale randomized controlled trial is warranted.
Becoming Acrobat, Becoming Academic: An Affective, Autoethnographic Inquiry Into Collective Practices of Knowing and Becoming
Authors: Stephens Lindsay
Published: July 2018

This article mobilizes a Spinozo–Deleuzian understanding of affect to articulate connections between embodied sensation and academic thinking, connections which surfaced during my ethnographic and autoethnographic research as a circus performer. I argue against reifying differences between the production of knowledge and of movement, suggesting we explore similarities in the conditions of their emergence including reflection, multiplicity, and responsiveness to repetition. In so doing, I challenge hegemonic ideas about who belongs in the body of an academic; inviting us to better understand our “less-rational” and more collective selves in becoming purveyors of academic knowledge.
Transforming Sustainability Education at the Creative Edge of the Mainstream
Authors: Sterling Stephen , Dawson Jonathan , Warwick Paul
Published: July 2018

Mainstream westernised educational policy and practice continue to be firmly rooted in ontological and epistemological traditions that reflect what Gregory Bateson referred to as the illusion of our separation from the living world. In response, there has been a flourishing of innovation at the levels of educational philosophy, curriculum, and pedagogy, drawing upon various indigenous and countercultural trends. For the most part, these are being fully expressed only outside of the formally accredited educational system. There are, however, a small number of pioneering centres of holistic educational innovation that are straddling this divide, operating within conventionally accredited systems. This article seeks to profile one such institution, Schumacher College in Devon, England. This article describes its principles; innovations in curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment; and its approach to supporting transformative learning. Possible strategies are outlined for such institutions on the creative edge of the mainstream to help transform sustainability education.
High Frequencies in QEEG Are Related to the Level of Insight in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Arikan Mehmet Kemal , Metin Baris , Metin Sinem Zeynep , Tülay Emine Elif , Tarhan Nevzat
Published: July 2018

Lack of insight is a neurocognitive problem commonly encountered in patients with psychotic disorders that negatively affects treatment compliance and prognosis. Measurement of insight is based on self-report scales, which are limited due to subjectivity. This study aimed to determine the correlation between resting state beta and gamma power in 23 patients with schizophrenia and insight. It was observed that as beta and gamma power measured via qualitative electroencephalography (qEEG) increased the level of insight decreased. Negative correlation was found in F3, C3, Cz for gamma activity and in F3 and C3 for beta activity. This finding indicates that resting state qEEG could be used to evaluate the level of insight in patients with schizophrenia.
Does national culture influence the turnover frequency of national football coaches? A macro-level analysis
Authors: Foroughi Behzad , Gholipour Hassan F , McDonald Heath , Jafarzadeh Behnam
Published: July 2018

This paper examines whether a national cultural characteristic (long-term orientation) influences turnover frequency of head coaches of national football teams. We use a sample covering 90 countries and apply ordinary least squares and negative binomial regressions. The results show that turnover frequency is lower in countries with pragmatic (long-term orientation) cultures than in countries with normative (short-term orientation) cultures, after controlling national team performance and institutional variables. The results also show that countries with higher levels of control over corruption have less coaching turnover.
Wrist arthroplasty using prosthesis as an alternative to arthrodesis: design, outcomes and future
Authors: Reigstad Ole , Røkkum Magne
Published: July 2018

We developed an uncemented screw-shaped ball-and-socket wrist prosthesis and modified it during a decade of trails from 1996 to 2005. The final Motec® wrist prosthesis was launched in 2006. Since then we have used this prosthesis in 110 wrists (110 patients) from 2006 to 2018. This article reviews the design, functional outcomes, complications, clinical usefulness and possible future modifications of the Motec® wrist prosthesis.
Fecal calprotectin for detection of postoperative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tham Yuen Sau , Yung Diana E. , Fay Shmuel , Yamamoto Takayuki , Ben-Horin Shomron , Eliakim Rami , Koulaouzidis Anastasios , Kopylov Uri
Published: July 2018

Background:

Anastomotic recurrence is frequent in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) following ileocecal resection. The degree of endoscopic recurrence, quantified by the Rutgeerts score (RS), correlates with risk of clinical and surgical recurrence. Several studies demonstrate the accuracy of fecal calprotectin (FC) for detection of endoscopic recurrence, however the optimal threshold FC value remains to be established. The aim of our meta-analysis was to evaluate the accuracy of common FC cut-offs for detection of endoscopic recurrence.

Methods:

We performed a systematic literature search for studies evaluating postoperative recurrence in CD which reported RS and FC levels. Endoscopic recurrence was defined as RS = 2–4 (or RS ⩾ 2). We calculated pooled diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves for each available FC cut-off value.

Results:

A total of 54 studies were retrieved; 9 studies were eligible for analysis. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated for FC values of 50, 100, 150 and 200 µg/g. A significant threshold effect was observed for all FC values. The optimal diagnostic accuracy was obtained for FC value of 150 µg/g, with a pooled sensitivity of 70% [95% confidence interval (CI) 59–81%], specificity 69% (95% CI 61–77%), and DOR 5.92 (95% CI 2.61–12.17). The area under the SROC curve was 0.73.

Conclusion:

FC is an accurate surrogate marker of postoperative endoscopic recurrence in CD patients. The FC cut-off 150 μg/g appears to have the best overall accuracy. Serial FC evaluations may eliminate or defer the need for colonoscopic evaluation in up to 70% of postoperative CD patients.
Barriers to Healthcare Participation in Persons With Disabilities in Appalachia: A Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Kurowski-Burt Amy , Haddox John Christopher
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

A study exploring facility-related barriers to healthcare participation (the level to which an individual is engaged or involved in their own healthcare activities from simply keeping appointments to following treatment regimens) in persons with disabilities in Appalachia from the perspectives of four stakeholder groups, (1) adults with disabilities, (2) caregivers of persons with disabilities, (3) advocates for persons with disabilities, and (4) providers who treat persons with disabilities.

Background:

Persons with disabilities potentially face additional barriers to healthcare participation than those without disabilities. Understanding and addressing the barriers to participation could assist in improving healthcare outcomes among the disabled population.

Methods:

A qualitative study was conducted involving scripted focus groups with four stakeholder groups with expertise/experience in disabilities. The objective was to assess perceptions of impacts of clinical design elements on healthcare participation.

Results:

Participants identified and characterized six major categories of facility- and nonfacility-related barriers they felt impacted healthcare participation, with priority differences reported between each group.

Conclusions:

The healthcare facility is perhaps the most visible tool the provider has at his or her disposal to deliver effective healthcare. Understanding the interactions persons with different disabilities have with the physical facility and the messages, both intentional and unintentional, the state of the facility sends can provide useful insights into delivering more effective healthcare to this population.
Outcomes of Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Moderate and Severe Valgus Deformity
Authors: Demetracopoulos Constantine A. , Cody Elizabeth A. , Adams Samuel B. , DeOrio James K. , Nunley James A. , Easley Mark E.
Published: July 2018

Introduction. Failure to correct coronal deformity at the time of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) can lead to early implant failure. We aimed to determine clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes of patients with moderate to severe valgus deformity who underwent TAA for end-stage ankle arthritis. Methods. Patients with a valgus deformity of at least 10° who underwent TAA were retrospectively reviewed. The coronal tibiotalar angle was assessed on radiographs preoperatively, at 1 year, and at final follow-up. The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Short Form-36 (SF-36), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot-ankle scale, and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) scores were assessed preoperatively and at final follow-up. Results. Mean preoperative valgus deformity was 15.5 ± 5.0°, and was corrected to a mean of 1.2 ± 2.6° of valgus postoperatively. VAS, SF-36, AOFAS, and SMFA scores improved significantly ( P < .001 for all). There was no significant change in tibiotalar angle between 1 year and final follow-up in either group. Reoperation and revision rates did not differ between groups. Conclusion. Correction of coronal alignment was achieved and maintained in patients with both moderate and severe preoperative valgus malalignment. Outcome scores significantly improved for all patients.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Assessment of Cell Viability of Fresh Osteochondral Allografts in N-Acetylcysteine-Enriched Medium
Authors: Calvo Rafael , Espinosa Maximiliano , Figueroa David , Pozo Luz María , Conget Paulette
Published: July 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-enriched storage medium on fresh osteochondral viability at 4°C. Our hypothesis was that the cell viability of chondrocytes obtained from human osteochondral tissue and stored at 4°C significantly improves in the presence of NAC.

Design

Controlled laboratory study. For this study, 8 samples of femoral condyle osteochondral tissue were obtained from patients undergoing total knee replacement. The samples were stored at either 4°C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or at 3 different concentrations of NAC (NAC 1, 2, and 5 mM). Cell viability was analyzed at time 0 and 4 weeks by flow cytometry. The results of cell viability (median) were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The viability at time 0 was 95.5% ± 3.7%. At 4 weeks, the cell viability was 56.8% ± 20.1% in the control group (PBS), 83.8% ± 11.9% in the group stored with NAC 1 mM, 73.4% ± 13.6% in the group stored with NAC 2 mM, and 66.4% ± 27.7% in the group stored with NAC 5 mM. A statistically significant difference from the baseline viability (time 0) was observed in the PBS control group ( P = 0.0018) but not in the other groups. A statistically significant difference was observed in the NAC 1 mM group compared with the PBS group ( P = 0.0255).

Conclusion

The use of NAC at 1 mM concentration improves cell viability after 4 weeks of storage in chondrocytes obtained from human osteochondral tissue.
The possibilities and limits to dialogue
Authors: Rose-Redwood Reuben , Kitchin Rob , Rickards Lauren , Rossi Ugo , Datta Ayona , Crampton Jeremy
Published: July 2018

In this article, we explore the nature, value, and challenges of dialogue both within and outside the academy. After considering the possibilities and limits to dialogue, we divide our analysis into three sections, first discussing dialogue as a form of embodied action, next examining dialogue as a means of enacting a critically affirmative politics, and finally exploring the challenges of engaging in dialogue as a way of practicing public geographies. In each case, we raise a number of questions concerning the potential of, and limitations to, dialogue in an age of increasing social tensions and political divides. We conclude by suggesting that although there are times when dialogical disengagement is warranted if the conditions of possibility for meaningful dialogue are unfulfilled, scholarly dialogue continues to play an important role in fostering spaces of mutual engagement in a polarized age.
On the merits of recognizing the near-impossibility of dialogue
Authors: Srivastava Sanjay
Published: July 2018

What does it mean to insert and describe actual spaces of dialogue and debate within discussions regarding power, privilege, disparate geographies, and the ‘Possibilities and Limits to Dialogue’? Is there a critical potential to the argument that we recognize the near-impossibility of the conditions of dialogue under certain actually existing conditions of life? Through providing a concrete example from India, this commentary suggests that recognition of the impossibility of dialogue provides an understanding of the state of global and local asymmetries and the specificity of the quotidian. And that to strive toward such an understanding is a key objective of critical social science practice.
The possibilities of cosmopolitan dialogue
Authors: Qian Junxi
Published: July 2018

This commentary responds to Rose-Redwood et al.’s (2018) article, ‘The Possibilities and Limits to Dialogue’, by reflecting on the possibilities of a culture of cosmopolitan dialogue. First, I focus on dialogue as part of knowledge production within academic communities, identifying the institutional challenges and power inequalities that fetter dialogues between Western academia and beyond. Next, I reflect upon the different ways in which the ‘relevance’ of human geography is understood in different contexts, partaking in an alternative meaning of dialogue, that is, as public engagement and social relevance.
Dialogue, discourse, disjunctures
Authors: Mahtani Minelle , Shafer Don
Published: July 2018

In this short commentary, we dissect shrouded dialogues of complex negotiation that are produced and consumed in public media spheres. We explore the possibilities and limits of dialogue by investigating how the medium of radio creates a geographic space for us—a professor of geography, and CEO of a radio station—to engage in more productive dialogical practices toward anti-colonial representations.
Geographic perspectives on development goals
Authors: Liverman Diana M
Published: July 2018

The successes and failures of the UN Millennium Development Goals and the establishment of a new set of Sustainable Development Goals provide many opportunities for geographic engagement and critical attention. Development goals, in their focus at the national level and on measurable indicators, redirect investment and frame views of the world. They are often difficult to measure and implement and sometimes contradictory. In reviewing the history, progress, and critiques of the UN goals, this article asks what a geographic perspective shares and adds to the debates about development, its measurement, and impact.
Geography’s contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Nightingale Andrea J
Published: July 2018

Building on Liverman’s critique of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), I argue SDGs must be conceptualized as situated by (i) unpacking the black box of social, political and intellectual consensus behind indicators and (ii) reimagining development goals as dynamic performances that are uneven over time and space for both populations and individuals. Poverty, justice and other targets of SDGs are not a state of being but rather a punctuated experience for the individuals and populations in question. For the SDGs to be effective, they need to go beyond simple statistics to account for how situated, performative aspects of lives evolve, rather than as they are.
Geography and engagement with UN development goals
Authors: Moseley William G
Published: July 2018

It is sensible to assert that geographers ought to participate in an ongoing discussion about the UN development goals because development will be better for it. I largely agree with this sentiment but also wonder whether this means walking into an intellectual cul-de-sac of sorts, a debate where the parameters are too restrictively defined. This essay is written in response to a paper by Diana Liverman and is divided into three parts: questioning the value of engaging with development metrics, the geographic perspective and development goals, and thoughts for moving forward.
Objective and subjective measures of dalfampridine efficacy in clinical practice
Authors: Klineova Sylvia , Farber Rebecca , Friedman Joshua , Farrell Colleen , Lublin Fred D , Krieger Stephen
Published: July 2018

Background

Multiple sclerosis affects mobility in over 80% of patients. Dalfampridine is the only approved treatment for walking impairment in multiple sclerosis. We assessed dalfampridine utilization in our practice and investigated response using timed 25 foot walk (T25FW) improvement and a patient-reported ambulation inventory.

Methods

Chart review identified patients with multiple sclerosis for whom dalfampridine was prescribed. T25FW data were extracted from medical records. Participants completed a dalfampridine-specific version of the multiple sclerosis walking scale (dMSWS-12) to assess the qualitative impact of dalfampridine on ambulation. We evaluated two responder categories: liberally defined as any improvement in T25FW; and over 20% T25FW improvement.

Results

The dMSWS-12 questionnaire was completed by 39 patients. Eighteen patients (46%) did not show any T25FW improvement. Of the 21 patients (54%) with T25FW improvement, four patients (11%) showed improvement greater than 20%. Analysis of dMSWS-12 scores showed a median score of 40 (range 12–60). Eleven patients (28%) showed no improvement (dMSWS-12 score ≤36). In contrast to objective T25FW improvement (54%), 28 patients (72%) reported improvement in walking ability (dMSWS-12 score ≥37).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that T25FW alone might not be sufficient for response characterization and that adding patient-reported measures may further elucidate the therapeutic response.
Promotion of physical activity and exercise in multiple sclerosis: Importance of behavioral science and theory
Authors: Motl Robert W , Pekmezi Dorothy , Wingo Brooks C
Published: July 2018

There is an obvious disconnect between evidence of benefits and rates of participation in exercise and physical activity among people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). We propose that the problem with exercise behavior in MS (i.e. lack of broad or increasing participation by people with MS despite evidence of meaningful benefits) might be ameliorated through the inclusion of behavior change theory in the design of exercise programs and promotion efforts, as has been undertaken in other populations such as breast cancer survivors. This paper reviews Social Cognitive Theory as an example approach for informing interventions for increasing exercise and physical activity behavior outside of MS and provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the application of this theory for physical activity in MS. We then outline future research necessary for informing trials that design, implement, and test theory-based interventions for physical activity promotion in MS. If theories of behavior change are adopted for informing exercise and physical activity research in MS, we can take a major step forward in addressing the problem of exercise and physical activity participation that has plagued the field for more than 25 years.
Human papillomavirus DNA prevalence and type distribution in oral squamous cell carcinoma in Ghana
Authors: Dawson Richardar N Taylor , Nartey Nii Otu , Kwamin Francis , Nyako Ebenezer A , Asmah Richard H , Blankson Harriet N , Mensah Samuel De Graft , Ndanu Tom Akuetteh , Johnson Newell W
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods:

A total of 88 OSCC specimens collected between 2006 and 2013 were available for the study. DNA was extracted using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens and analysed for the presence of 18 HPV genotypes using a nested polymerase chain reaction using consensus forward primer (GP-E6-3F) and two consensus back primers (GP-E7-5B and GP-E7-6B). Plasmid DNA of HPV 16 and 18 was used as positive controls.

Results:

HPV DNA was detected in 3 of the 88 samples, a prevalence of 3.4%. Genotypes detected were 16, 18 and 52.

Conclusion:

The overall prevalence of HPV DNA was 3.4%. Only high-risk genotypes were detected. This low prevalence of high-risk types of HPV suggests that the HPV virus may not have a significant role in the development of oral cancers in Ghana, unlike higher rates described elsewhere in the world, especially in Western countries. Surveillance of future prevalence of HPV and attention to other major risk factors is warranted.
VEGF-R2 and TNF-R1 expression and cytokine production by samples of mammary adenocarcinomas and correlations with histopathological parameters of these malignant tumors
Authors: Autenshlyus Alexander , Arkhipov Sergey , Mikhailova Elena , Arkhipova Valentina , Varaksin Nikolay
Published: July 2018

Currently, the role of cytokines in the tumor progression, including breast cancer, is universally recognized. At the same time, there are still many questions concerning the role of individual cytokines and receptors for cytokines in various morphogenetic processes underlying the tumor progression. The objective of this work was to study cytokine production and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-R2 and VEGF-R1 expression by mammary adenocarcinoma (MAC) and the correlations with histopathological parameters of malignant tumors. The object of the study was cultured tumor biopsy samples from 47 women aged 43–75 years with invasive ductal carcinoma, which was classified as grade II–III adenocarcinoma. It was shown that the cytokine profiles of the supernatants of MAC samples from patients differ greatly. A correlation between the levels of VEGF-R2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-R1 expression was observed. Correlations were also revealed during analysis of the relations of histopathological MAC indicators with KVEGF-R2/VEGF-A and KTNF-R1/TNF-α coefficients, which are equal, respectively, to the ratio of expression values of receptors VEGF-R2 and TNF-R1 to the concentrations of the relevant cytokines (VEGF-A and TNF-α) in the culture supernatants of the same MAC samples. A direct correlation was identified between KVEGF-R/VEGF-A and some histopathological MAC characteristics: proportion of cells undergoing mitosis or pathological mitosis in MAC and poorly differentiated cells. KVEGF-R2/VEGF-A directly correlated with the concentration in supernatant interleukin (IL)-18 and interferon (IFN)-γ. KTNF-R1/TNF-α was inversely correlated with the concentration in supernatant of IL-1Ra, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The data obtained show that the high-level production of IL-18 and IL-1β by MAC, overexpression of VEGF-R2 in tumor (at relatively low VEGF-A production), and the high level of IFN-γ production are attributed factors contributing to the formation of a population of low-grade cells in the tumor. The factors regulating the population of moderately differentiated cells in the tumor are referred to as IL-1Ra, IL-8, and GM-CSF.
Bipolar Bone Loss in Male Athletes With Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability: An Evaluation Using a New Scoring System
Authors: Nakagawa Shigeto , Hanai Hiroto , Mae Tatsuo , Hayashida Kenji , Yoneda Minoru
Published: July 2018

Background:

The combination of a glenoid defect and a Hill-Sachs lesion in a shoulder with anterior instability has recently been termed “bipolar bone loss,” but the prevalence and influence of this condition on postoperative recurrence after arthroscopic Bankart repair are still unclear.

Purpose:

To investigate bipolar bone loss in male athletes using a new scoring system and to evaluate its efficacy by comparing it with the glenoid track concept.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The sizes of both lesions were evaluated retrospectively in 80 male athletes (85 shoulders) using computed tomography. The glenoid defects and the length, width, and depth of the Hill-Sachs lesions were classified into 5 size categories and were allocated scores from “0” for no defect to “4” for the largest defect. Patients were then classified into 5 classes according to the total score for both lesions: class 1, 0-1 point; class 2, 2 points; class 3, 3 points; class 4, 4 points; and class 5, ≥5 points. The prevalence of bipolar bone loss and postoperative recurrence rates for patients with at least 2 years of follow-up were compared among the classes. The recurrence rate for each class was also compared between shoulders with an off-track lesion and shoulders with an on-track lesion as well as among 3 sporting categories: rugby, American football, and other sports.

Results:

Based on the combination of glenoid defect size and Hill-Sachs lesion length, the postoperative recurrence rate was 0% for shoulders in class 1, 12.5% for class 2, 33.3% for class 3, 28.6% for class 4, and 31.3% for class 5, while the recurrence rates were 0%, 16.7%, 28.6%, 27.3%, and 31.6%, respectively, for the combination of glenoid defect size and Hill-Sachs lesion width and 0%, 8.3%, 26.7%, 28.6%, and 35.3%, respectively, for the combination of glenoid defect size and Hill-Sachs lesion depth. Postoperative recurrence was frequently recognized regardless of the presence of off-track Hill-Sachs lesions. No recurrence was recognized in class 1 shoulders among rugby players, in classes 1 and 2 among American football players, and in classes 1 through 3 among other athletes based on the combination of glenoid defect size and Hill-Sachs lesion size.

Conclusion:

Our scoring system for bipolar bone loss was useful to evaluate the influence on postoperative recurrence in male athletes. The postoperative recurrence rate was influenced by the extent of bipolar bone loss and the sporting category regardless of the presence of off-track lesions.
Prevalence of Shoulder Labral Injury in Collegiate Football Players at the National Football League Scouting Combine
Authors: Mannava Sandeep , Frangiamore Salvatore J. , Murphy Colin P. , Sanchez Anthony , Sanchez George , Dornan Grant J. , Bradley James P. , LaPrade Robert F. , Millett Peter J. , Provencher Matthew T.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Labral tears confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are a relatively common injury among collegiate athletes and can influence a player’s ability to compete at the professional level.

Purpose:

To determine the prevalence of MRI-confirmed shoulder labral injuries in collegiate football players entering the National Football League (NFL) Combine and to further describe these injuries by tear location, player position, history of surgical intervention, and associated concomitant shoulder injuries.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Data from 2009 to 2015 were retrospectively collected through review of the injury data registry available to the medical and training staff of all NFL teams following the completion of the NFL Combine. After players with potential labral tears were identified through history and examination, their MRIs were reviewed by 2 fellowship-trained orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons. Players diagnosed with a labral tear confirmed by MRI were separated for further analysis.

Results:

A total of 2285 players were analyzed for the presence of labral tears at the NFL Combine. Overall, 377 shoulders (in 340/2285 players; 14.9%) demonstrated MRI evidence of labral tear; whereas linebackers had the highest rate of labral tear (19.2%), linemen had significantly higher risk for labral injury in at least 1 shoulder (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02-1.67; P = .029) compared with nonlinemen. Of the 377 shoulders analyzed, 115 (30.5%) exhibited an anterior labral tear, 131 (34.7%) had a posterior labral tear, and 131 (34.7%) had combined anterior and posterior tears. One hundred twenty (31.8%) shoulders had superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears. A total of 203 (53.8%) shoulders demonstrated evidence of previous surgical intervention on imaging.

Conclusion:

Injury involving the labrum is relatively common among participants at the NFL Combine, especially linebackers and linemen. Further investigation is necessary to determine the impact these injuries have on player draft position and NFL performance.
A Global Critical Race and Racism Framework: Racial Entanglements and Deep and Malleable Whiteness
Authors: Christian Michelle
Published: July 2018

Twenty years after Bonilla-Silva developed the analytic components of a structural race perspective and called for “comparative work on racialization in various societies,” U.S.-centric race theory continues to be mostly rooted in a U.S. focus. What is missing is a framework that explores race and racism as a modern global project that takes shape differently in diverse structural and ideological forms across all geographies but is based in global white supremacy. Drawing from Bonilla-Silva’s national racialized social systems approach, global South scholars, and critical race scholars in the world-systems tradition, the author advances a global critical race and racism framework that highlights two main areas: (1) core components that include the “state,” “economy,” “institutions,” and “discourses” and “representations,” as divided by “racist structure” and “racist ideology” and shaped by the “history” of and current forms of transnational racialization and contemporary “global” linkages, and (2) the production of deep and malleable global whiteness. With this framework, both the permanence and flexibility of racism across the globe can be seen, in all its overt, invisible, and insidious forms, that ultimately sustains global white supremacy in the twenty-first century.
When the Past Is in the Present: The Paradox of Educational Opportunity and Social Inclusion in South Africa and Rwanda
Authors: Russell S. Garnett , Carter Prudence L.
Published: July 2018

The legacies of a racial and ethnocentric past continue to have implications for the present in South Africa and Rwanda, particularly within the realm of education. Although in both societies, the governments have addressed their repressive and violent histories through the implementation of color-blind (or nonracial/ethnic) policies that espouse national unity and reconciliation, these very same policies inadvertently reinforce old divisions. They suppress candid discussion about past and current intergroup tensions, resulting in a paradox of social inclusion. In this article, the authors interrogate how historically ascribed identities, which were used for the purposes of oppression and social divisions in South Africa and Rwanda, are reconstituted in the postapartheid and postgenocide eras. The authors draw on empirical evidence from case studies of contemporary schools in both countries and argue that the nations’ two approaches—nonracialization and nonethnicization, respectively—aim to mute explicit discourse and language about racial and ethnic differences though the spread of “color-blind” ideologies. However, everyday behaviors and attitudes of individuals—students and educators—who are inculcated with ideas of past racial/ethnic ideologies remain rigid and continue to affect micro-level and school-level interactions that undermine the legitimacy of either color-mute or color-blind ideologies and contribute to boundary maintenance.
TIGIT immune checkpoint blockade restores CD8+ T-cell immunity against multiple myeloma
Authors: Guillerey Camille , Harjunpää Heidi , Carrié Nadège , Kassem Sahar , Teo Tricia , Miles Kim , Krumeich Sophie , Weulersse Marianne , Cuisinier Marine , Stannard Kimberley , Yu Yuan , Minnie Simone A. , Hill Geoffrey R. , Dougall William C. , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Teng Michele W. L. , Nakamura Kyohei , Martinet Ludovic , Smyth Mark J.
Published: July 2018

Key Points

TIGIT expression is upregulated on CD8+ T cells during MM progression and is associated with impaired effector functions. TIGIT deficiency or blockade protects mice against MM and improves effector functions of myeloma patient CD8+ T cells.
Evaluating the effects of a peer-led suturing and wound management workshop for doctors working in a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Buick T. A. , Hamilton D. , Weatherdon G. , O'Shea C. I. , McAlpine G.
Published: July 2018

Background

Psychiatric in-patients are often transferred to an emergency department for care of minor wounds, incurring significant distress to the patient and cost to the service.

Aims

To improve superficial wound management in psychiatric in-patients and reduce transfers to the emergency department.

Method

Thirty-four trainees attended two peer-led suturing and wound management teaching sessions, and a suturing kit box was compiled and stored at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital. Teaching was evaluated using Kirkpatrick's model, and patient transfer numbers were acquired by reviewing in-patient Datix reports and emergency department case notes for 6 months before and after teaching.

Results

The proportion of patients transferred to the emergency department decreased significantly from 90% 6 months before the workshop to 30% 6 months after (P < 0.05). Trainees engaged positively and there was a significant increase in self-confidence rating following the workshop (P < 0.05). The estimated cost saving per transfer was £183.76.

Conclusion

The combination of a peer-led workshop and on-site suturing kit box was effective in reducing transfers to the emergency department and provided a substantial cost saving.

Declaration of interest

None.
LA LUTTE CONTRE LES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES DES ANIMAUX: I
Authors: DALLING Sir THOMAS
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ ΤΙΝΑ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΥΓΙΕΙΝΗΣ ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΟΥ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗΝ ΑΤΤΙΚΗΣ ΠΑΣΤΕΡΙΩΜΕΝΟΥ ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΣ
Authors: ΝΤΡΙΝΙΑΣ Γ. Β. , ΒΕΛΤΣΟΣ Α. Γ.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
O ΚΤΗΝΙΑΤΡΟΣ ΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΒΛΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΙΚΗΣ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΗΣ
Authors: De VUYST A.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΠΙ ΜΙΑΣ ΝΕΩΤΑΤΗΣ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΥ ΑΝΙΧΝΕΥΣΕΩΣ ΤΗΣ ΦΩΣΦΑΤΑΣΗΣ ΔΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΕΑΕΓΧΟΝ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΣΤΕΡΙΩΣΕΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΣ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ , ΣΚΟΥΛΑΣ ΕΜΜΑΝΟΥΗΛ
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΙΣ ΓΟΝΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΣΕΩΣ ΗΜΙΟΝΟΥ
Authors: ΕΥΣΤΑΘΙΟΥ ΛΟΥΚΑΣ
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΙΣ ΤΡΟΦΙΚΗΣ ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΑΣΕΩΣ ΟΦΕΙΛΟΜΕΝΗΣ ΕΙΣ ΤΟΝ ΒΑΚΙΛΛΟΝ CEREUS
Authors: ΓΙΑΝΝΑΚΟΥΛΑΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΣ
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
MALADIES INFECTIEUSES DES ANIMAUX: III
Authors: DALLING Sir THOMAS
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΚΑΤΑΓΜΑΤΩΝ ΕΙΣ ΤΑ ΜΕΓΑΛΑ ΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΔΙΑ ΖΩΑ
Authors: ΒΙΚΕΛΙΔΗΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΑΙ ΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΙΚΑΙ ΝΟΣΟΙ ΤΩΝ ΖΩΩΝ
Authors: DALLING Sir THOMAS
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΟΙ ΜΙΚΡΟ-ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΟΙ ΤΩΝ ΤΡΟΦΙΜΩΝ
Authors: ΓΑΛΑΝΗΣ ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΡΕΥΝΑΙ ΕΠΙ ΜΙΑΣ ΔΥΝΑΤΗΣ ΑΝΤΙΓΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΑΣ ΜΕΤΑΞΥ ΛΕΠΤΟΣΠΕΙΡΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΡΙΚΩΝ ΣΤΕΛΕΧΩΝ ΣΙΓΚΕΛΛΩΝ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΚΥΡΙΑΚΟΥ ΕΡΜΙΟΝΗ
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗ ΤΗΣ ΤΕΧΝΗΤΗΣ ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΕΓΧΥΣΕΩΣ ΕΙΣ ΤΑ ΜΙΚΡΑ ΜΗΡΥΚΑΣΤΙΚΑ
Authors: ΒΛΑΧΟΣ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
LE ROLE DES SERVICES DE SANTE PUBLIQUE VETERINAIRE DANS LES ETUDES DE MEDECINE COMPAREES SUR LES MALADIES DEGENERATIVES CHRONIQUES
Authors: KAPLAN MARTIN M.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΟΙ ΙΟΙ
Authors: ΣΤΟΦΟΡΟΣ ΕΥΘ. , GARCIA A. , ΣΕΪΜΕΝΗΣ ΑΡΙΣΤ.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΠΙΔΡΑΣΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΩΝ ΤΑΥΡΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΣΤΑΘΜΟΥ ΚΤΗΝΟΤΡΟΦΙΚΗΣ ΕΡΕΥΝΗΣ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΓΑΑΑΚΤΟΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΠ0Γ0ΝΩΝ ΤΩΝ
Authors: ΒΛΑΧΟΥ Κ. , ΚΑΛΛΙΦΑΤΙΔΟΥ Ι.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΡΕΥΝΑ ΕΠΙ ΤΩΝ ΕΚΛΥΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΥΠΟ ΤΩΝ ΑΝΑΕΡΟΒΙΩΝ ΟΣΜΩΝ
Authors: ΦΡΑΓΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α. , BILLY C.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE