bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das Öffnen der Blende
Authors: Reinke Ellen
Published: July 2021

Literatur ist ein ernstes Spiel mit der Zeit- und der Lebensgeschichte ihrer Protagonistinnen und Protagonisten, aber auch ihrer Schöpferinnen und Schöpfer. Die Verwerfungen des 20. Jahrhunderts bringen auf diese Weise ein Nachdenken über Erinnerung, Verlust und Wahn in Gang. So wird ein Lesen und Wiederlesen in Schleifen angeregt. Ellen Reinke nutzt diese Anregungen zu weiträumigen Streifzügen durch Romane, Kurzgeschichten und Erzählungen, unter anderen von Stefan Heym, Stanislaw Lem, Elias Canetti oder Patrick Modiano. Die tiefenhermeneutische Betrachtungsweise der literarischen Texte eröffnet einen neuen, einen anderen Blick auf das individuell und kollektiv Durchlittene. Mit Freud können wir so zwar nicht auf eine Erlösung, jedoch auf eine ›Ermäßigung‹ dieses Leidens hoffen.
Monitoring System for Railway Automation Devices Based on the Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Efanov D. V.
Published: July 2021

The features of monitoring systems for railway infrastructure and rolling stock are considered. The main approaches to organisation of monitoring of railway infrastructure and rolling stock objects are described, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The main objective of this work is to present to the reader a conceptual vision of a system for monitoring devices and systems for ensuring train traffic safety, using technologies for transmitting diagnostic information over a radio channel. The methods of the theory of technical diagnostics and monitoring were used. Attention is focused on the use of wireless data transmission technologies and the use of autonomous industrial automation sensors for monitoring systems for railway automation devices.

The architecture of the monitoring system is presented. The description of the system itself and the monitoring technology is given, the main advantages of the presented approach are noted, which, first, are linked to reduction of the volume of design work and of energy consumption of the system as a whole. The disadvantages are associated with the need to replace autonomous power supply sources, ensure security of the data transmission network, to proceed with periodic verification and calibration of measuring instruments. The basic diagrams of connecting sensors for measuring physical quantities to the circuit units of railway automation are presented. A list of parameters necessary for high-quality and effective monitoring of railway automation devices is given. The need is noted for both the control of mechanical and geometric parameters of devices and the accounting of data from interconnected objects of railway infrastructure and rolling stock. The proposed approach can find its application in the field of railway automation and, first of all, at those facilities that are located in premises with limited area (e.g. at subway facilities).
Justification of the N eed for Locomotive Diagnostic Systems
Authors: Semenov A. P. , Lakin I. K.
Published: July 2021

In the world and domestic practices of technical maintenance and repair (TMR) of locomotives there exists a tendency for the expanded use of technical diagnostics systems, the transition to predictive repair to reduce the costs of their life cycle. Modern hardware and software tools make it possible to create automated technical diagnostics systems (ATDS) for all types of locomotive equipment but equipping service repair locomotive depots with them requires significant capital costs with an unacceptably long payback period. The objective of the work is to develop a method and a corresponding simulation modelling software program to determine technical and economic feasibility of using certain means of technical diagnostics.

Diagnostic systems reduce waiting time for repairs, the volume and cost of scheduled and unscheduled TMR, which makes it possible to reduce the operating fleet of locomotives.

In modern economic calculations, to assess the success of an investment project, the indicator «Net present value (NPV)» of the project is used. Based on this principle, in relation to ATDS, a method for determining feasibility of introducing various types of ATDS and the corresponding methodology and software made with the algorithmic language VBA (Visual BASIC for Applications) in the MS Excel environment has been developed.

The work carried out simulation modelling for Russian conditions of the payback of main types of diagnostic systems comprising on-board based microprocessor control systems, rheostat testing stations for diesel locomotives, diagnostics of traction motors, etc. The economic feasibility of introducing these systems has been proved. Also, economically inexpedient diagnostic systems have been identified, f o r example, automatic measurement of the profile of a wheel set tire.
HSR Development in Russia Considering the Dynamics of Passenger Traffic and Public Opinion
Authors: Ivanova E. A. , Flyagina T. A.
Published: July 2021

To study the problems and opportunities for implementation of high-speed railway (HSR) projects, as well as to confirm the potential demand for highspeed transportation services, the authors studied public opinion regarding three of the potential HSR lines as well as the experience of foreign countries in implementation of projected passenger traffic, financing of construction of high-speed main lines and assessing their impact on the general economic growth of regions.

When conducting the study, the authors used the methods of a questionnaire sociological survey, analysis, comparison, induction.

The main results of the study have shown that in development and implementation of expensive highspeed rail projects, it is of particular importance to identify the demand of passengers for high-speed transportation, the general attitude and readiness of the population of countries to use such main lines. The article has studied the dynamics of demand for passenger transportation by branded and non-branded trains on key directions, which made it possible to identify several of them as the most promising for development of high-speed lines. The sociological research carried out by the authors, using the method of questioning in social networks, made it possible to reveal the attitude of the country’s residents towards the most potentially promising for high-speed rail projects directions: Moscow–St. Petersburg, Moscow– Kazan and Moscow–Rostov-on-Don. According to the results of the survey, Russians have a positive attitude to development of high-speed railways in the country, most of the respondents intend to use them when it is necessary to make interurban trips, especially on Moscow–St. Petersburg route.

The authors present the external economic effects and risks of development of high-speed railways in Russia. The effects comprise the growth of the population’s transport mobility. The potential risks of developing high-speed rail projects are associated with complexity of ensuring reliable operation of rolling stock and infrastructure of these main lines under difficult climatic conditions in Russia, as well as with high cost of travel for Russians, which negatively affects demand. To overcome the latter risk, it is important to form a positive image of projects by modelling public opinion.
Risk-Based Approach in Assessing the Technical Condition of Foundations of Bridge Structures
Authors: Kaimov E. V.
Published: July 2021

The objective of this article is to consider the use of predictive mathematical models for assessing risks associated with a critical loss of values of functional quality of bearing structural elements (foundations) of bridge structures using methods of probabilistic analysis and forecasting the risks of reducing of values of indicators of the technical state of structural elements.

The research results in development of an algorithm and a mathematical model that characterise the features of the process of reducing of values of indicators of the technical condition of load-bearing structures during the service life cycle. The results of assessing the loss of functional quality of foundations obtained using this model are presented.

The practical significance of the study relates to the possibility and expediency of using probabilistic methods for predictive assessment of the technical state of loadbearing structures. With the help of an appropriate mathematical model, it becomes possible to proceed with design rationale of indicators of functional quality of foundations of bridge structures.

The need to improve regulatory provisions for design and forecasting of indicators of the technical condition of transport infrastructure objects is substantiated.
Greek, Tamil and Sanskrit: Comparison between the Myths of Prometheus, Sembian and Sibi
Authors: Pugazhendhi D
Published: July 2021

The Prometheus myth in Greek literature deals primarily with the theft of fire. The mythological story unwinds such events as the sacrificial thigh bone, God’s corporal punishment, and the eating of flesh by an eagle. A link with the Oceanus race and with the continent of Asia is also seen. Interestingly resemblances with this myth can be seen in some ancient literary sources from Tamil and Sanskrit languages. The Tamil myth of ‘Sembian’ and the Sanskrit myth of ‘Sibi’ also have resemblances with the Greek myth of Prometheus. The parallels seen between these myths are examined here. Keywords: comparative study, Indian, myth, Prometheus, Sanskrit, Sembian, Sibi, Tamil
Racismo e invisibilização:
Authors: Moreno Fernandes Pablo
Published: July 2021

Discutimos o racismo na publicidade brasileira, investigando a representatividade negra em anúncios veiculados na revista Veja em 2019. Analisamos a representação das pessoas negras na publicidade pela intersecção de raça e gênero, posições de protagonismo, coadjuvância e figuração nos anúncios. O levantamento, realizado a partir da análise de conteúdo, somada a processos de heteroidentificação, é interpretado sob a perspectiva do feminismo negro, do pensamento interseccional e do consumo. Os resultados, apontam para baixos índices de representatividade, cerca de 1/3, inferior aos 53,9% de negros do Brasil, o que comprova as estratégias de invisibilização desse grupo na publicidade nacional.
Alma pater?
Authors: Kobel Esther
Published: July 2021

In antiquity, breast milk was an elixir for every nursling. Despite this, there are but very few passages in the Bible that mention nursing. Curiously enough, the apostle Paul depicts himself as a nurse and provider of milk for his believers (1 Thess 2:7; 1 Cor 3:2). The motif of male providers of milk appears in numerous first and second century sources dependent on and independent from Paul. An overview of sources of Christ-believers from the first two centuries demonstrates that in characterizations of the lactating Godfather and the nursing Christ, the motifs of nursing and breastmilk continuously loses its real life connotation as something female thing and becomes predominantly male. This paper traces how a metaphor that is originally informed by nourishment, health, survival, and wellbeing at a female breast, eventually develops into a description of salvation mediated by male characters.
Jerusalem in Lukasevangelium und Apostelgeschichte
Authors: Bachmann Michael
Published: July 2021

Undoubtedly the city Jerusalem (with its temple) is accentuated in Luke-Acts. This is indicated by the high frequency of the name(s) (Luke-Acts presents ca. 65% of the NT-instances!) Ἰερουσαλήμ and Ἱεροσόλυμα and also by the important role of the town within the structure, i.e. within the composition of the two books (cf. only Lk 1–2; 9:51; Acts 1:8; 19:21). But what does this emphasis mean? Differences in the understanding of the relevant data are obvious (and this matter resembles [not without cause] the intense discussions in the area of Pauline studies during the last decades). Older perspectives (advocated amongst others by F. C. Overbeck, E. Haenchen and H. Conzelmann) try to conceive for instance the Stephanus episode (Acts 6–7) and the last scene of Acts in an „anti-Judaic“ manner. But Acts 7:55–56 (cf. Lk 1:11) could hint at the celestial sanctuary, and Acts 28:20 (cf. v. 26–27, esp. v. 27b) names the „hope of Israel“. So a „New(er) Perspective“ could or should be preferable, paying attention to certain features of Luke-Acts, which possibly point to salvation-historical aims of the author.
Il pomo d’oro
Authors: Cesti Antonio
Published: July 2021

Cesti's opera was one of the most celebrated court spectacles of the entire seventeenth century. These newly discovered excerpts allow us, for the first time, to have the music for acts three and five, thus supplementing Guido Adler's edition of the Prologue and acts one, two, and four in Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich.
“Only I have to help myself”: Indian Migrant Workers’ Plight During COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Bhattacharya Shubhasheesh , Bhattacharya Sonali
Published: July 2021

Qualitative research was undertaken
(Creswell, J. W. 2013), content analysis was conducted on the video data and
newspaper data, the data were available in public domain and open for all. Phenomenological
research methodology (Moustakas, C. 1994) was adopted to understand the
commonality of lived experience of migrant workers regarding what they
experienced after lockdown, as the migrant workers shared the lived experiences
on video camera to the reporters of news channels. The goal of this phenomenological
approach was to arrive at the nature of the description of the phenomenon
(Morrow, R., Rodriguez, A., & King, N. 2015), that they were experiencing
on the ground (Creswell, 2013). Codes were identified and themes were found
from the data. Due to lockdown, author could not go out in the field to speak
to these migrant workers and collect primary data, hence the rich data
available in the field in the form of videos captured by different news
channels, and also some newspaper reports, which were available in public
domain open to all, were utilised. Migrant workers communicated in native Hindi
language; as reporters spoke to them and interviewed them (Bevan, M. T. (2014).
The author well conversant with native Hindi language could understand the
language well and could translate it in meaningful English language. To ensure
the accuracy, it was also got checked by one more expert.
Ethical Concerns in Clinical Psychology: A Brief Account of Challenges in Pakistan
Authors: Sahar Namood-e- , Hussain Shakir , Anwaar Mariam
Published: July 2021

The present report provides a brief indigenous account of these
challenges and issues. The purpose of the report was accomplished through
semi-structured interviews conducted with two clinical psychologists who have
an extensive experience in the field of clinical psychology
Tinjauan Yuridis Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Ujaran Kebencian Melalui Media Sosial di Wilayah Pengadilan Negeri Tembilahan (Studi Kasus : Putusan Nomor : 13/Pid.Sus/2020/PN. Tbh)
Authors: Hukum Fakultas
Published: July 2021

Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal (1) Negara indonesia adalah negara kesatuan yang berbentuk republik.1 Indonesia pada dasarnya penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan berada pada kekuasaan pemerintahan pusat dan pemerintahan daerah hanyalah melaksanakan urusan-urusan pemerintahan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat melalui desentralisasi, dekonsentrasi maupun tugas pembantuan.Penerapan desentralisasi dan dekonsentrasi pada negara kesatuan adalah merupakan perwujudan dari distribution of power antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah. Sebagai konsekuensinya terjadi penyerahan dan/atau pelimpahan urusan pemerintah pusat.
Pelaksanaan Penyidikan Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan di Kepolisian Sektor Tanah Merah
Authors: Hukum Fakultas
Published: July 2021

Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal (1) Negara indonesia adalah negara kesatuan yang berbentuk republik.1 Indonesia pada dasarnya penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan berada pada kekuasaan pemerintahan pusat dan pemerintahan daerah hanyalah melaksanakan urusan-urusan pemerintahan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat melalui desentralisasi, dekonsentrasi maupun tugas pembantuan.Penerapan desentralisasi dan dekonsentrasi pada negara kesatuan adalah merupakan perwujudan dari distribution of power antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah. Sebagai konsekuensinya terjadi penyerahan dan/atau pelimpahan urusan pemerintah pusat.
Xuân, Hạ, Thu, Đông... rồi lại Xuân
Authors: Ho Manh-Toan
Published: July 2021

Chặng đường vượt qua khủng hoảng đại dịch Covid-19 còn rất nhiều chông gai và cuốn “Kinh tế Việt Nam: Thăng trầm và Đột phá” là một thước phim lịch sử quý giá, vẫn còn nguyên giá trị giúp chúng ta có thể vững tâm tin tưởng vào chu kỳ thế tục, Xuân, Hạ, Thu, Đông… rồi lại Xuân.
Gesture-speech coupling in L2 lexical stress production: A pre-registration of a speech acoustic and gesture kinematic study
Authors: Bosker Hans Rutger , Hoetjes Marieke , Pouw Wim , van Maastricht Lieke
Published: July 2021

The prosody of a second language (L2) is notoriously difficult to acquire. It requires the mastery of a range of nested multimodal systems, including articulatory but also gestural signals, as hand gestures are produced in close synchrony with spoken prosody. It remains unclear how easily the articulatory and gestural systems acquire new prosodic patterns in the L2 and how the two systems interact, especially when L1 patterns interfere. This interdisciplinary pre-registered study investigates how Dutch learners of Spanish produce multimodal lexical stress in Spanish-Dutch cognates (e.g., Spanish profeSOR vs. Dutch proFESsor). Acoustic analyses assess whether gesturing helps L2 speakers to place stress on the correct syllable; and whether gesturing boosts the acoustic correlates of stress through biomechanic coupling. Moreover, motion-tracking and time-series analyses test whether gesture-prosody synchrony is enhanced for stress-matching vs. stress-mismatching cognate pairs, perhaps revealing that gestural timing is biased in the L1 (or L2) direction (e.g., Spanish profeSOR with the gesture biased towards Dutch stressed syllable -fes). Thus, we will uncover how speakers deal with manual, articulatory, and cognitive constraints that need to be brought in harmony for efficient speech production, bearing implications for theories on gesture-speech interaction and multimodal L2 acquisition.
Microbial iron(III) reduction during palsa collapse promotes greenhouse gas emissions before complete permafrost thaw
Authors: Patzner Monique , Logan Merritt , McKenna Amy , Young Robert , Zhou Zhe , Joss Hanna , Mueller Carsten , Hoeschen Carmen , Scholten Thomas , Straub Daniel , Kleindienst Sara , Borch Thomas , Kappler Andreas , Bryce Casey
Published: July 2021

Reactive iron (Fe) minerals can preserve organic carbon (OC) in soils overlying intact permafrost. With permafrost thaw, reductive dissolution of iron minerals releases Fe and OC into the porewater, potentially increasing the bioavailability of OC for microbial decomposition. However, the stability of this so-called rusty carbon sink, the microbial community driving mineral dissolution, the identity of the iron-associated carbon and the resulting impact on greenhouse gas emissions are unknown. We examined palsa hillslopes, gradients from intact permafrost-supported palsa to semi-wet partially-thawed bog in a permafrost peatland in Abisko (Sweden). Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we found that Fe-bound OC in intact palsa is comprised of loosely bound more aliphatic and strongly-bound more aromatic species. Iron mineral dissolution by both fermentative and dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction releases Fe-bound OC along the palsa hillslopes, before complete permafrost thaw. The increasing bioavailability of dissolved OC (DOC) leads to its further decomposition, demonstrated by an increasing nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) and a peak in bioavailable acetate (61.7±42.6 mg C/L) at the collapsing palsa front. The aqueous Fe2+ released is partially re-oxidized by Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria but cannot prevent the overall loss of the rusty carbon sink with palsa collapse. The increasing relative abundance and activity of Fe(III)-reducers is accompanied by an increasing abundance of methanogens and a peak in methane (CH4) emissions at the collapsing front. Our data suggest that the loss of the rusty carbon sink directly contributes to carbon dioxide (CO2) production by Fe(III) reduction coupled to OC oxidation and indirectly to CH4 emission by promoting methanogenesis even before complete permafrost thaw.
Mathematical modeling and optimization scheme for omnidirectional tuned liquid column dampers
Authors: Mehrkian Behnam , Altay Okyay
Published: July 2021

As a well-known and reliable control device, tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) have been investigated numerically and experimentally and implemented in a number of structures over the last three decades. However, TLCDs basically suffer from the lack of multidirectionality, which is the critical need for real structures, in particular under random vibrations such as wind and earthquake excitations. This aspect has garnered the attention of the structural control community to modify this promising damper to achieve more efficiency and to extend its application range to multidirectional vibrations. This paper proposes a mathematical modeling and optimization approach for omnidirectional tuned liquid column dampers (O-TLCDs). As an improved and reformed TLCD, O-TLCDs are formed by circularly distributed of n ≥ 3 L-arms about a common joint point at the center, through which all L-arms are connected to each other. Thanks to this layout, O-TLCDs can control structures with full counteracting force capacity in all transversal directions regardless of the excitation angle of incidence. This paper, in the first step, proposes the governing equation of motion of O-TLCDs, for which Lagrange’s principle is employed, and the equation of motion of the coupled O-TLCD-structure system. In doing so, a formal solution to determine the degree of freedom (DoF) of the O-TLCD is introduced, which proves independence of the O-TLCD response from the number of L-arms as well as from the angle of excitations. Second, for designing O-TLCDs, a set of design criteria and a general optimization scheme, which accommodate the online simulation of coupled O-TLCD-structure system under arbitrary excitations, are proposed. Consequently, without adding extra complication coming from extra DoFs to the motion equation of the damper, the O-TLCD functions as an enhanced liquid damper for multidirectional vibration attenuation. Next, using the O-TLCDs designed with different mass ratios, numerical simulations of O-TLCD-structure systems are conducted under seismic loads, free vibration, harmonic excitation and white noise and the controlled and uncontrolled responses of the systems are assessed in the time and the frequency domain. Here, the role of important parameters such as the mass ratio, the head loss coefficient, the liquid deflection and the excitation amplitude are evaluated and the influence of varying conditions on the efficiency of the O-TLCD are discussed. Results demonstrate that the proposed O-TLCD can be well tuned to the structure and markedly control the peak and the RMS of responses of the structure. In the end, an experimental study on a prototype O-TLCD is performed using a shaking table, which verifies the proposed mathematical modeling approach.
To wrap or to not wrap cucumbers?
Authors: Shrivastava Chandrima , Crenna Eleonora , Schudel Seraina , Shoji Kanaha , Onwude Daniel , Hischier Roland , Defraeye Thijs
Published: July 2021

In light of increasing public pressure, retailers strive to remove plastic packaging as much as possible from fresh fruits and vegetables to reduce the environmental impacts along their supply chains. Plastic packaging, however, also has an important protective function, similar to the fruit's peel. For cucumbers transported from Spain and sold in Switzerland, our investigations in the form of a life cycle assessment study showed that the plastic wrapping has a rather low environmental impact (only about 1%) in comparison to the total environmental impacts of the fruit from grower to grocer. Hence, each cucumber that has to be thrown away has the equivalent environmental impact of 93 plastic cucumber wraps. We found that plastic wrapping protects the environment more by saving more cucumbers from spoilage than it harms the environment by the additional use of plastic. If, by using the plastic wrap, we reduce cucumber losses at retail even by only 1.1%, its use has already a net environmental benefit. Currently, in the cucumber import supply chain from Spain to Switzerland, the use of plastic wrapping lowers the cucumber losses at retail by an estimated 4.8%; therefore, it makes sense to use it from an environmental perspective. The environmental benefit of food waste reduction due to plastic wrapping the cucumbers was found to be 4.9 times higher than the negative environmental impact due to the packaging itself. Alternative strategies to preserve fresh cucumbers without using plastic wrapping will have to compete with this challenging limit.
Waiting for Baseline Stability in Single-Case Designs: Is It Worth the Time and Effort?
Authors: Lanovaz Marc J , Primiani Rachel
Published: July 2021

Researchers and practitioners often use single-case designs (SCDs), or n-of-1 trials, to develop and validate novel treatments. Standards and guidelines have been published to provide guidance as to how to implement SCDs, but many of their recommendations are not derived from the research literature. For example, one of these recommendations suggests that researchers and practitioners should wait for baseline stability prior to introducing an independent variable. However, this recommendation is not strongly supported by empirical evidence. To address this issue, we used a Monte Carlo simulation to generate a total of 480,000 AB graphs with fixed, response-guided, and random baseline lengths. Then, our analyses compared the Type I error rate and power produced by two methods of analysis: the conservative dual-criteria method (a structured visual aid) and a support vector classifier (a model derived from machine learning). The conservative dual-criteria method produced more power when using response-guided decision-making (i.e., waiting for stability) with negligeable effects on Type I error rate. In contrast, waiting for stability did not reduce decision-making errors with the support vector classifier. Our findings question the necessity of waiting for baseline stability when using SCDs with machine learning, but the study must be replicated with other designs to support our results.
Collinearity issues in autoregressive models with time-varying serially dependent covariates
Authors: Ariens Sigert , Adolf Janne , Ceulemans Eva
Published: July 2021

First-order autoregressive models are popular to assess the temporal dynamics of a univariateprocess. Researchers often extend these models to include time-varying covariates, such ascontextual factors, to investigate how they moderate processes’ dynamics. We demonstrate thatdoing so has implications for how well one can estimate the autoregressive and covariate effects, asserial dependence in the variables can imply predictor collinearity. This is a noteworthy contribution,since in current practice serial dependence in a time-varying covariate is rarely considered important.We first recapitulate the role of predictor collinearity for estimation precision in an ordinary leastsquares context, by discussing how it affects estimator variances, covariances and correlations. Wethen derive a general formula detailing how predictor collinearity in first-order autoregressive modelsis impacted by serial dependence in the covariate. We provide a simulation study to illustrate theimplications of the formula for different types of covariates. The simulation results highlight whenthe collinearity issue becomes severe enough to hamper interpretation of the effects. We also showthat the effect estimates can be biased in small samples (i.e., 50 time points). Implications for studydesign, the use of time as a predictor, and related model variants are discussed.
Peer review procedures as practice, decision, and governance – the road to theories of peer review
Authors: Reinhart Martin , Schendzielorz Cornelia
Published: July 2021

Peer review is a ubiquitous feature of science and fulfills three interrelated roles. Firstly, it is a mechanism used to assess quality based on expert judgement (process). Secondly, it is a decision mechanism used to distribute scarce resources, such as publication space, funding, or employment (outcome). And thirdly, it is an instrument for self-governance in science (context). This is poorly reflected in public debates and, more importantly, in theoretical conceptions informing research about peer review. To move beyond such a “deficit model,” we provide two preliminary considerations that lay the foundation for a more encompassing theory of peer review. First, the peer-review process can be divided into at least eight different practices, which can in turn comprise a wide variety of specific peer-review procedures when combined. Second, peer review not only provides evaluative decisions, but, more importantly, also provides the legitimacy for these decisions. Thus, an encompassing view of peer review should integrate process, outcome, and context. We argue that such a view could start by theorizing peer review as a form of government, not unlike democratic government, which has grown historically around concerns for legibility, responsibility, and responsiveness (Rosanvallon) in a similar way to the Mertonian norms.
Ormeloxifene in acute heavy menstrual bleeding in menopausal transition
Authors: Shrestha Subha , Thapa Babita , Baniya Sebina , Pandey Vivek
Published: July 2021

Background: Ormeloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is a safer, cost effective and convenient dosing medical therapy in heavy menstrual bleeding of acute abnormal uterine bleeding.
Aims and Objective: The study aimed to find the effectiveness of Ormeloxifene as 1st line therapy for heavy menstrual bleeding in menopausal transition women to prevent unnecessary hysterectomies and improve quality of life.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Lumbini Medical College for a period of one year. Sixty-five cases of acute Abnormal Uterine Bleeding with heavy menstruation during menopausal transition period were provided with Ormeloxifene therapy of 60 milligrams dose two times per week after evaluating pre treatment hemoglobin percentage, Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBAC) score and endometrial thickness. The dose of the drug was reduced to 60 mg weekly after 3rd month if subjective improvement was documented and continued for further 3 months.
Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in mean PBAC score, mean endometrial thickness and rise in hemoglobin level. Eighty percentages of women had marked subjective improvement of symptoms, 87.7% women had reduction of blood clots, 15. 8% women had relief from dysmenorrheal pain and 50.8% women had regularization of menstrual pattern after 6 months. Amenorrhea (25.3%) was the most common side effect reported in 6 months therapy.
Conclusion: Ormeloxifene is an effective 1st line medical therapy in acute heavy menstrual bleeding in menopausal transition women.
A study of association between serum zinc and HbA1c in type2 diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, Tamilnadu
Authors: Seetharaman Dhanoushyaa , Perumal Muraliswaran , Mohan Priyatharshini , Gnanasekaran Prabu , Venkatesan Indhumathi
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetes currently affects more than 66.8 million people in India which has become a major health care problem, representing the largest number of any country in the world. Reduced concomitant intake of Zinc studies proved to be associated with risk of increased HbA1c percentage in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes patients.
Aims and Objective: The current study was designed to assess serum Zinc level in Type 2 Diabetes patients and to find out the correlation between serum Zinc and HbA1c level in Type 2 Diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: One hundred patients were included in the study and they were divided into two groups like Group I (50 patients): Type 2 Diabetic patients with HbA1c more than 7 percent. Group II (50 patients): Type 2 Diabetic patients with HbA1c less than 7 percent (50). Estimation of blood glucose (Fasting and post prandial), Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum Zinc was done. Statistical Analysis: The data is collected, recorded and analyzed statistically to determine the significance of different parameters by using SPSS package for windows version23.0.
Results: The mean value of serum zinc was lower in the diabetic group whose HbA1c more than 7 (p value – 0.001) when compared to the diabetic group whose HbA1c less than 7.
Conclusion: Estimating the level of serum zinc becomes important to know the status of insulin in diabetic patients and correlating the levels of HbA1c and Serum zinc in Type 2 DM patients, can monitor the levels of glycemic control and prevent the risk of development of complications.
Anemia predicts poor outcomes of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: A Prospective study in a tertiary care hospital from South India
Authors: Rajanna Avinash Hanbe , Sivasankaran Ramakrishnan , Krishnegowda Ravi
Published: July 2021

Background: Hemoglobin plays a vital role in tissue oxygenation. Hence anemia might significantly affect the prognosis of COVID 19 pneumonia, where in there is development of tissue hypoxia due to the disease pathogenesis.
Aims and Objectives: To correlate the severity of anemia in COVID 19 patients with disease outcomes in patients admitted in a tertiary care setting.
Materials and Methods: The prospective single-center study considered adults patients of both the gender, diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by RT-PCR technique. Necessary demographic, clinical data and Hemoglobin level were collected and selected subjects were followed-up until discharge or death. Subjects were classified as those who survived and succumbed to death. t-test was used for comparing continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical data between the groups.
Results: The study included 1212 patients, where in there was a statistically significant correlation between low hemoglobin level and the disease outcome. The hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in patients who died than the patients who were discharged.
Conclusion: Severe anemia as noted by low hemoglobin level was associated with higher mortality than subjects with normal hemoglobin.
To study duration of viral clearance in COVID 19 patients: A Prospective study from Bangalore, India
Authors: Rajoli Swetha , Rajanna Avinash Hanbe , Yadav Sumesh
Published: July 2021

Background: COVID-19 infection, which first reported as a cluster of pneumonia from Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has rapidly emerged as a global pandemic. During the early course of the pandemic. The duration of infectious virus replication is an important factor for clinicians. There is a significant correlation between the duration of SARS-CoV-2 virus clearance and the prognosis of COVID-19.
Aims and Objective: To study Duration of viral clearance in COVID 19 patients, admitted in an Indian setting.
Materials and Methods: The prospective single-center study considered adults patients of both the gender, diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by RT-PCR technique. Necessary demographic and clinical data were collected and selected subjects were followed-up until discharge or death. Based on the number of days required for viral clearance, the subjects were classified as: group 1: ≤ 14 days, group 2: 15-28 days, and group 3:>28 days.
Results: The study included 536 patients it was found that mean duration required for viral clearance was around 8.98±3.54. Mean ages noted for group1, 2 and 3(based on viral clearance) were 37.57±13.65 years, 37.12±13.73 years and 49.50±23.56 years respectively. There was a significant difference between mean age of group 1 and 2, as well as group 1 and 3. Moreover, the distribution of patients across different age group was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Significant difference was noted between three groups with respect to the comorbidity status (P<0.0001). The COVID-related symptoms dyspnea and cough were more prominent in group 3 (P<0.05). TLC which is statistically significant (p<0.05), lower the TLC more the duration of viral clearance and more the duration of hospital stay.
Conclusion: The mean days of viral clearance noted in COVID subjects is around 8.98±3.54 days. There was a significant difference between mean age of group 1 and 2, as well as group 1 and 3. However, there is no statistically significant correlation between duration of hospital stay and inflammatory markers except TLC which is statistically significant (p<0.05), lower the TLC more the duration of viral clearance and more the duration of hospital stay.
संस्कृत साहित्ये नैपालमिथिलाक्षेत्रस्य योगदानम् [Contribution of Nepali Mithila Region in Sanskrit Literature]
Authors: पाण्डेय Pandey गणेश Ganesh
Published: July 2021

सूर्यवंशीयराज्ञो निमेः शरीरमन्थनाज्जातेन मिथिनाम्ना राज्ञा प्रवर्तितत्वात् तदीया राजधानी मिथिलेति प्रसिद्धिमुपगता । मिथिलायाः सीमासङ्कोचविस्तारयोर्जातेऽपि प्रवृmताध्ययने नेपालस्य साम्प्रतिकः द्विसङ्ख्यकः प्रदेशः मिथिलाक्षेत्रत्वेन गृहीतः । मिथिलाराज्यस्य सीमायाः परिवर्तने दृष्टेऽपि मिथिलासंस्वृते राजधानी जनकपुरं वर्तते । मिथिलायां वैदिककाले विश्वामित्रप्रभृतयो ऋषयो दृश्यन्ते । तेषु महर्षिर्याज्ञवल्क्यः सर्वाधिक्येन प्रदीप्तं मिथिलायाः प्रोज्ज्वलं रत्नं वर्तते । अर्वाचीनेषु कविषु वंशमणिशर्मा हरिकेलिमहाकाव्यमाध्यमेन सर्वोत्वृष्टं स्थानं लभते । मिथिलायां स्फुटरूपेण संस्वृmतकवितारचनायाः परम्परा सम्प्रत्यपि जीविता वर्तते ।
[This research confirms that the naming of the Mithila region was initiated by a king named Mithi, who was born by churning the body of Suryavanshi king Nimi. Although the border of Mithila has been constricting and widening over time, in this study, the current state number two of Nepal has been taken as Mithila region. Janakpur remained the capital of Mithilaculture even when the borders of Mithila state changed. Vishwamitra and other sages have been seen in Mithila during the Vedic period. Among them, MaharshiYajnavalkya is the brightest gem. In the modern age, it has been confirmed that Vanshamani Sharma has reached the best place through the epic Harikeli. This research has confirmed that the tradition of composing Sanskrit poetry in Mithila is still alive today.]
Coronary Artery Disease Awareness: Levels of Socioeconomic Status and Dietary Restriction
Authors: Prasad Snehita , Mishra Mritunjay Kumar , Yadav Tapeshwar
Published: July 2021

Introduction: India has undergone a remarkable demographic transition over the period time. Socioeconomic status indicators including education, income, and occupation are associated with coronary heart disease risk factors, morbidity, and mortality.

Objective: To assess the socioeconomic status and diet restriction in patients with coronary artery diseases.

Methods: The present study was a type of observational study conducted on total 200 subjects in Dhiraj Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth from August-2019 to July-2020 after ethical approval. Out of which 100 were coronary artery diseases and 100 were healthy controls. Patients with other than coronary artery diseases were excluded from the study, data were collected with the help of a pre-val­idated questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS-16 software.

Results: Eighty-nine subjects with coronary artery diseases and seventy-five healthy controls were physically inactive. Eighty-five subjects with coronary artery diseases do not have any diet restriction, however, fifty-nine subjects had exposure to only primary education.

Conclusion: Majority of the subjects were from a rural area, there were high illiteracy levels so there was low awareness. Patients could come to know the importance of physical activities and how to maintain a normal weight by following a dietary regimen to minimize the risks of disease.
One Health in Nepal- An Overview
Authors: Khatiwada Abishkar , Karna Alina , Bhat Neeti , Deo Satish
Published: July 2021

In order to meet today’s complex health and environmental challenges, multi-disciplinary research has never been more exigent. Nepal is in the early stages of adopting One Health (OH), but it is continuously expanding. Various initiatives have been taken by the Government of Nepal (GoN) to combat problems such as antimicrobial resistance, highly pathogenic avian influenza and rabies using an integrated health approach, but several challenges remain in their implementation. A few of the major obstacles to implementing OH in Nepal include weak organizational structure to support the initiative, no legal framework required to implement OH, insufficient technical expertise, lack of intersectoral data sharing mechanisms, a limited budget, and poor legislative understanding. To address these gaps and prioritize the health problems where OH will lead to the best outcome, we encourage GoN to address the gaps. To control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the rational appli­cation of the One Health strategy should be our utmost priority. The One Health paradigm can help healthcare professionals and researchers improve the public’s health in response to the coming wave of COVID-19 pandemic and prepare for future pandemics.
The Shiners’ War: Social Violence in the Ottawa Valley in the 1830s
Authors: Cross Michael S.
Published: July 2021

By late May of 1835, unrest in Bytown had reached unprecedented proportions. All winter, the people of the town, the entrepôt of the Ottawa timber trade, had been bracing themselves, awaiting the annual visitation, the annual affliction, of the raftsmen who came each spring from high up the Valley to roister and riot in the streets of Bytown. Like the freshets in the streams, the raftsmen and social disorder arrived each April and May. But never before had their coming brought such organized violence as it did in 1835. For the Irish timberers, now had a leader, and a purpose. Peter Aylen, run-away sailor, timber king, ambitious schemer, had set himself at the head of the Irish masses, had moulded them into a powerful weapon. He had given them a purpose: to drive the French Canadians off the river and thus guarantee jobs and high wages in the timber camps to the Irish.
Advancements and Future Predictions on Diagnostic Approaches towards Cervical Cancer through Nanotechnology-Based Sensors for the Detection of Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Chauhan Nidhi , Pareek Sakshi , Jain Utkarsh , Tikadar Mayukh , Kumar Prabhanshu , Pudake Ramesh Namdeo , Chauhan Nidhi
Published: July 2021

Cervical cancer has the highest mortality rate worldwide. In the quest for reducing such a high mortality
rate, advancements in diagnosis as well as treatment are being undertaken at various scales across the globe.
With the recent advancements in the applications of nanotechnology, simple, rapid and inexpensive
diagnostic methods for cervical cancer, i.e., human papillomavirus (HPV), especially high-risk oncogenic
subtypes 16 and 18 have started to gain attention of health care practitioners. This review outlines the current
applications of biosensors for the diagnosis of HPV, as compared to the conventional techniques for
measuring HPV that have some limitations. The traditional methods used for cervix cancer are less sensitive,
whereas nanotechnology has greatly improved the sensitivity. Due to cancer incidence and mortality
growing rapidly worldwide, the prevalence and risk factors are also discussed in this review.
ENSINO SUPERIOR A DISTÂNCIA: REGULAMENTAÇÃO E PERSPECTIVAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Andrade Patrícia Maria Medeiros de
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é enfatizar alguns conceitos da Educação a Distância (EaD), apresentar um panorama histórico no Brasil, pontuando a legislação que embasa essa modalidade de educação bem como o cenário atual, de modo a entender a origem e sua finalidade como modelo de ensino nos dias atuais. Pois o EaD não se trata de um novo formato de educação, pois o que a diferencia de tempos atrás são as tecnologias aplicadas a cada época, sendo amplamente integrada ao sistema de educação a partir da criação da Lei nº 9.394/96.  Para essa pesquisa foram utilizados um levantamento bibliográfico. Observou-se que esta modalidade de ensino a distância apresenta desafios e sua superação depende, sobretudo de propostas de atualizações nas regulamentações que beneficie as competências e habilidades dos tutores.
Sinemada Dramatik Yapıyı Oluşturan Unsurların “400 Darbe” Filmi Üzerinden Çözümlenmesi
Authors: SİRER Esennur
Published: July 2021

Kamera keşfedildiği günden bu yana insanın hikâyesini görsel olarak yazan bir araçtır. Bu aracın çektikleri yirminci yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine kadar sinema salonlarında ilgiyle izlenmiştir. Yüzyılın ortalarında teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte filmler daha portatif kameralarla çekilmeye başlanmış, böylece konu seçiminde de özgürleşilmiştir. Bu dönemde Fransa’da ortaya çıkan ‘Yeni Dalga’ Sineması dramatik yapıyı tamamen yönetmenin oluşturduğu doğal mekânlarda çekilen, sade anlatım dili olan ve kendine özgü bir sinema anlayışını benimsemiştir. ‘Auteur Sineması’ olarak adlandırılan bu kuramın ilk filmi sayılan ‘400 Darbe’ aynı zamanda ‘Yeni Dalga’nın da ilk filmidir. Fransızca adı ‘okulu kırmak’ anlamına gelen filmde; ailesi tarafından istenmeyen, okuldaki katı disiplin kuralları yüzünden eğitim sisteminin mutsuz ettiği Antoine adında bir çocuğun hikâyesi anlatılmaktadır. Filmde; ilgisiz ebeveynler ve öğrenciye önem vermeyen, otoriter öğretmenlerin çocukların gelişimine verdiği zarar gözler önüne serilmiştir. ‘400 Darbe’ Filmi gösterime girdikten sonra filmin etkisiyle Fransız eğitim sisteminde köklü değişikliklere gidilmiş, öğrenci odaklı eğitim sistemine geçilmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada; keşfedildiği günden bu yana ilgi ile seyredilen sinemanın toplumu değiştirici etkisi konu edilmiştir. Eğitim sisteminin sinema yoluyla eleştirilmesi ve toplumsal değişim disiplinler arası bir çalışma bağlamında ele alınmış, ‘400 Darbe’ Filmi dramatik yapının tüm unsurlarına bakılarak çözümlenmiştir.
Social participation in the media: The dialogue of digital journalists with audiences
Authors:   University of the Basque Country, Peña-Fernández Simón , Pérez-Dasilva Jesús Ángel ,   University of the Basque Country, Meso-Ayerdi Koldobika ,   University of the Basque Country, Larrondo-Ureta Ainara ,   University of the Basque Country
Published: July 2021

The emergence of social media altered the relation between journalism and the public in digital media and bequeathed the relationship a more active and collaborative role. As such, the general objective of this research is to characterise the dialogue between digital journalists and their audiences through social media and to describe how they perceive the consequences of this relationship. To this end, a survey was conducted with 73 digital journalists. The results display an ambivalent attitude on the part of the professionals regarding the use of social media as a tool for dialogue with their audiences. On one hand, they believe that using them is a priority need to maintain a fluid relationship with readers, although they mainly lean toward a majority one-way and limited use of them and believe that media managers have mainly perceived participation as a channel to garner audience loyalty and increase audiences.