bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation of endo-1,4-b-D-glucanase producing Bacillus subtilis sp. from fermented foods and enhanced enzyme production by developing the mutant strain
Authors: Park Eunhye , Lee Sung Sill , Kim Byeongwoo , Shin Teaksoon , Cho Byungwook , . Seongkeun , . Cho , Cho K.J. , Ha Jong K. , Seo Jakyeom
Published: February 2017

Cellulolytic bacteria living in food can be applied to microbial feed additives to improve fiber digestion in animal feeds. In this study, a cellulase-producing bacteria was isolated from salted clam and treated with physical or chemical agents to enhance their enzyme production. The bacteria was identified as a strain of Bacillus subtilis on the basis of 16S rRNA analysis. Endo-1,4-b-D-glucanase (endoglucanase) was produced by the wild type using 0.4% carboxy-methyl-cellulose as a carbon source with maximal activity (0.04 U/mL) after 24 h incubation. Insoluble cellulose and oat spelt xylan were also used as carbon sources for investigation of exoglucanase and xylanase, however, these enzymes were not found in the culture supernatant. Maximum endoglucanase activity of Bacillus subtilis sp. was measured at 50°C and pH 5, respectively. Then, the strain was subjected to classical mutagenesis (UV-irradiation and chemical treatment) to improve endoglucanase production. A mutant strain, P11 treated with ethyl methyl sulfonate was finally selected. Mutant P11 was sub-cultured and tested for endoglucanase production, which was 0.05 U/mL after 24 h growth. The significant difference of endoglucanase production between wild type and mutant P11 was prolonged to 10th generation. Thus, the mutant strain was found to have enhanced endoglucanase production.
Is there a relationship between serum minerals (Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) at mating on pregnancy rates in fat-tailed Morkaraman sheep?*
Authors: Uslu* Baris Atalay , Mis Leyla , Gulyuz Fetih , Comba Bahat , Ucar Omer , Tasal Ibrahim , Comba Arzu , Kosal Volkan , Sendag Sait , Wehrend Axel
Published: February 2017

The specific roles of nutrients in reproduction are not well defined in sheep. Hence, the relationships between certain mineral (Ca, Mg) and element (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) levels at mating and pregnancy rates was investigated in fat-tailed Morkaraman ewes synchronised with different hormones (melatonin, norgestomet implant and eCG) early in anoestrus season. For this purpose, 40 healthy ewes (aged 2-4 years) allocated in the synchronised (n=30) and no-treated group (n=10) were used during mid-May (suckling period). On the eCG injection day, fertile rams (n=8) were introduced into the groups and, then the oestrus signs were visually monitored twice daily for 7 days. The oestrous ewes were allowed to hand-mate using rotational (four rams daily) mating system. Additionally, jugular blood samples were collected on the days of onset of oestrus (before mating) for determination of serum Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn levels. Presence of pregnancies was diagnosed by real-time ultrasonography 35 days post-mating. Totally, 25 ewes became pregnant (21 ewes with stimulated- and 4 with spontaneous oestrus), while 9 ewes (all received stimulation) were not pregnant. In non-pregnant ewes, unlike other minerals and elements, the Cu and Zn values were significantly lower than their reference values (for Cu: 0.87±0.16 mg/dl vs. 9.20 mg/dl; for Zn: 2.06±0.30 mg/dl vs. 3.8 mg/dl, resp.; P less than 0.01 in both cases). In pregnant ewes, the corresponding values remained unchanged (P greater than 0.05). Hence, the present findings indicate that the low Cu and Zn levels during the oestrus might adversely affect the subsequent pregnancy rate in suckling ewes.
Seasonal variations in reproductive parameters ofOuled Djellal rams in the East of Algeria
Authors: Belkhiri Yamina , Bouzebda-Afri Farida , Bouzebda Zoubir , Mouffok Charef Eddine , Djaout Amal
Published: February 2017

This experiment was carried out on Ouled Djellal rams in order to study the effect of season on testicular size, serum testosterone level and semen characteristics for a period of one year. Blood samples were obtained via jugular vein, and semen was collected by using an electro-ejaculator from six fertile male rams (2-4 years of age) on a monthly basis. In this breed, testis parameters varied seasonally showing the highest average values during autumn. However, the variation of body weight, GSI, serum testosterone levels, mass motility, individual motility and sperm concentration were not significant during the sampling period. The results reported show that the lowest and highest levels of semen volume were recorded in winter (0.62±0.11 ml) and in autumn (1.23±0.09 ml) respectively. The pH value and total number in sperm showed a uniform pattern with low scores during breeding season and high scores in non-breeding season. High percentage of live sperm was recorded during the summer, and high percentage of abnormal sperm was recorded during winter.
MAGYAR IGEVONZATOK SZERB KÖZEGBEN
Authors: Rešetar Szabina Halupka
Published: February 2017

A Kárpát-medencében kisebbségben élő magyarok nyelve bizonyos mértékben a többségi nyelv hatása alá került, és gyakran másként beszélik a nyelvet, mint az anyaországban élő egynyelvű magyarok, hiszen a domináns nyelv szabályainak alkalmazása a másik nyelvben nyilvánvaló a nyelv minden szintjén, legfőképp lexikai szinten.  Jelen tanulmányban a szerb, mint domináns nyelv hatását vizsgálom a vajdasági magyar diákok nyelvhasználatában, méghozzá az igevonzatok szempontjából, hiszen, annak ellenére, hogy az anyanyelv struktúráit elsajátítja a gyerek 10–12 éves koráig, a környezetnyelv hatására gyakran normától eltérően kezdi használni azokat, ami a nyelv rendszerének a módosulásához vezet(het). A kutatás célja megtudni 1) milyen mértékben hat a szerb ige vonzatstruktúrája a hasonló magyar szerkezetre azokban az esetekben, amikor a két nyelv igéi más mondatszerkezetet kívánnak, 2) különbözik-e ezen befolyás mértéke az általános és középiskolás diákok, ill. az egyetemi hallgatók anyanyelvhasználatában, valamint 3) milyen tényezők befolyásolják a két grammatika interferenciáját, ill. a szerb nyelvre jellemző vonzatok használatát a magyar nyelvben. A kutatást Újvidéken végeztem, teszt formájában, melyet magyar ajkú, ill. magyarul tanuló bilingvális diákok és egyetemi hallgatók töltöttek ki. A teszt olyan véletlenszerűen felsorolt mondatpárokat tatalmazott, melyekben a két nyelv igéi különböző módon viselkednek, pl. az adott igének mindkét nyelvben határozói vonzata van, de a vonzatok a két nyelv vonatkozásában szerkezetileg különböznek, vagy pl. a magyar igék olyan határozói vonzatokat tartalmaznak, amelyek szerb fordításban tárgyi vonzatként realizálódnak. A feladatokban szereplő vonzatokat zárójelben adtam meg, a diákoknak kellett ezeket megfelelő módon a mondatba illeszteni. A kutatás eredménye arra utal, hogy a szerb nyelv hatása egyre csökken és a magyar nyelv normájától eltérő válaszok száma nem fokozódik sem gyakorisági, sem súlyossági szempontból, azonban ez nagyrészt az adatközlők megoszlásának következménye.
PROFESIONALNI I RODNI IDENTITET NOVINARKI U VOJVODINI –NOVINARKE KAO DRUGE
Authors: Milinkov Smiljana
Published: February 2017

Rad se bavi položajem žena u novinarstvu u Vojvodini sa idejom da istraži uticaj i ukrštanje različitih faktora, kao što su rod, profesija, obrazovanje, etnička pripadnost i društveni položaj na formiranje identiteta novinarki. Žene u novinarsku profesiju ulaze kao druge, a kako pojedina istraživanja pokazuju (Milivojević, 2011, Matović, 2013), bez obzira na brojnost žena u medijima, profesionalna i društvena moć i dalje pripada muškarcima jer oni i dalje drže upravljačke strukture u medijima. Novinarke pripadnice manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica su dvostruko drugo u odnosu na novinarke iz većinske zajednice i muške kolege u sopstvenoj zajednici. Istraživanje je rađeno po metodi usmenih životnih priča 16 novinarki različitih generacija koje su radile ili rade u različitim medijima u Vojvodini, na jeziku većinskog naroda ili na jezicima manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na intersekcionalnost drugosti intervjuisanih novinarki jer se ne zasniva samo na polnim razlikama i relaciji muško-žensko već se temelji na različitim identitetskim kategorijama kao što su etnicitet, rod, jezik, starosna dob, socijalni status, društveni položaj i ideološki okvir.
ROMANUL ROMÂNESC DIN VOIVODINA: TEME ŞI MOTIVE
Authors: Popović Virđinija
Published: February 2017

Istoricii literaturii române din Voivodina apreciază faptul că până în anii cincizeci ai secolului trecut nu s-a publicat niciun roman, sau măcar fragmente de roman care s-ar putea considera puncte de plecare pentru romanul de mai târziu din Voivodina. Istoriile literare din Voivodina nu au semnalat până acum existența unor romane apărute la edituri din alte țări înainte de deceniul cinci al secolului trecut. În lucrarea de față sunt prezentate cele mai importante momente în evoluția romanului românesc din Voivodina, începând cu primele fragmente publicate în revista „Lumina” în 1952, cu accente pe tematica și motivele folosite de autori.
DEKONSTRUKCIJA UREĐIVAČKE POLITIKE DNEVNOG LISTA „DANAS” U VREME PARLAMENTARNE PREDIZBORNE KAMPANJE U SRBIJI 2016
Authors: Valić Nedeljković Dubravka
Published: February 2017

Način praćenja predizborne kampanje se smatra najboljim testom stepena profesionalnosti za koji se zalaže uređivačka politika nekog medija. Cilj rada je dekonstrukcija uređivačke politike dnevnog lista „Danas” u vreme predizborne kampanje za vanredne parlamentarne izbore 2016. Korišćena metoda je kvantitativno-kvalitativna analiza sadržaja. Korpus obuhvata 12 brojeva dnevnog lista „Danas” i isto toliko brojeva dodatka „Izborna Groznica: informiši se i glasaj!”, ukupno 330 tekstova. „Danas” je u izveštavanju o predizbornoj kampanji  2016. očuvao profesionalne standarde i u osnovnom izdanju i u dodatku. Uredništvo je izbalansirano predstavilo najznačajnije liste i kandidate, nije se bavilo marginalnim listama i kandidatima. Odabralo je  važne događaje, a izbegavalo da izveštava o događajima koji su kvalifikovani kao otvoreno državno reklamiranje. U dodatku posvećenom izborima dominirala je medijska inicijativa i novi formati, te je tako izbegnut kliše u praćenju predizbornih aktivnosti stranaka. Najprisutniji pojedinačni subjekt je predsednik tehničke vlade. Muškarci dominiraju i kao subjekti i kao objekt. Najzastupljenija stranka je SNS, najzastupljenija tema su izbori kao takvi i proceduralna pitanja.  Komentar se izdvaja kao najprisutniji žanr u inače dobroj ponudi različitih medijskih žanrova. Iako je „Danas” dnevna novina sa nacionalnom pokrivenošću, ostao je beogradocentričan.
KONCEPT UGARA U KNEŽEVINI SRBIJI – IZMEĐU ZEMLJORADNIČKE TEORIJE I PRAKSE
Authors: Samardžić Momir
Published: February 2017

Rad predstavlja prilog istraživanju razvoja zemljoradnje, agrarnih tehnika i načina obrade zemlje u Srbiji u 19. veku. U fokusu je ugar kao jedna od najznačajnijih agrarnih tehnika za očuvanje nivoa plodnosti zemljišta u tradicionalnoj, egzistencijalnoj predindustrijskoj zemljoradnji. Polazeći od široko definisanog koncepta ugara, u radu dokazujemo da u Kneževini Srbiji nije dominantno prisutan kratki ugar poznat kroz primenu dvopoljnog, tropoljnog ili višepoljnog sistema uz rotaciju useva praćenu obradom, pre svega oranjem, njive koja je ostavljena na ugar, već da je prisutnije ostavljanje obrađivanog zemljišta da služi kao livada ili se zaparloži, te vremenom povrati plodnost. Nasuprot tome, u srpskoj literaturi i istorijskim izvorima koristi se izraz „ugar“, ali se pod njim podrazumeva višekratno oranje obradivih površina. Na trenutnom nivou razvoja agrarnih tehnika egzistencijalne zemljoradnje srpskog seljaka, pominjanje ugara najčešće je podrazumevalo jesenje oranje za proletnju setvu, odnosno svaku vrstu oranja koje nije neposredno praćeno sejanjem, već je podrazumevalo izloženost zemljišta atmosferskim prilikama određeno vreme pre drugog oranja i setve.
The Relationship Between Personal Hygiene with Hepatitis a Incident in Students
Authors: Sasoka Dwika Sari , Satyabakti Prijono
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe prevalence and distribution of Hepatitis A in Indonesia had been increased over past few years. It resulted in the endemic status of Hepatitis A in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between personal hygiene and Hepatitis A incidence in Jember. This study use a case-control design, with quantitative approach using primary data. Population of this study is student that has been randomize using simple random sampling for case group and purposive random sampling for control group. Respondents of this study is 15 for case group and 30 for control group. Idependent variable of this study is personal hygiene behaviour. Analysis are performed using Chi-Square test and Odd Ratio (CI = 95%). The study showed that majority case group have poor personal hygiene (53,3% respondents) and majority of control group have healthy personal hygiene (83,3% respondents). There is a significant relationship (p= 0,016) between personal hygiene with the incidence of Hepatitis A. Personal hygiene is the risk factor of Hepatitis A incidence, OR = 5,71 (95% CI: 1,17–29,88). The conclusion is there is a relationship between personal hygiene with Hepatitis A incidence. In order to increase awareness of personal hygiene to prevent Hepatitis A, is by using eating and drinking equipments proprietary, washing hands with soap before meals and after defecating, drinking boiled water and buy food in hygiene and sanitary food vendors.Keywords: Hepatitis A, personal hygiene, students, risk factor, case control
Séptima Lección Jesús Culebras. Respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y disfunción/ fracaso multiorgánico tras una agresión: implicaciones metabólicas
Authors: García de Lorenzo y Mateos Abelardo
Published: February 2017

Ante cualquier agresión, el organismo pone en marcha una respuesta inflamatoria, mediada por factores humorales y celulares, que tiende a limitar el proceso y a conseguir la curación. En algunos casos, ya sea por la intensidad o duración de la noxa,ya por una inadecuada respuesta del huésped secundaria a polimorfismos genéticos, malnutrición u otras causas, se produce un estado de hiperactivación de las células inflamatorias, con liberación de células inmaduras y activación de monocitos y macrófagos, que liberan poderosos mediadores proinflamatorios e inducen un estado de inflamación sistémica generalizada. Numerosos procesos pueden dar lugar a esta respuesta inflamatoria (sepsis, traumatismos, quemaduras, pancreatitis, etc.) con activación de los sistemas leucocitarios, endoteliales, de la coagulación y de la respuesta neuroendocrina, lo que genera un complejo entramado de mediadores (citocinas, moléculas de adhesión y factores de crecimiento, entre otros). Clínicamente, la respuesta se caracteriza por inflamación, anorexia, inmovilidad, aumento en la permeabilidad vascular que condiciona la aparición de edema, vasodilatación que se acompaña de hipotensión, taquicardia e incremento del gasto cardiaco. Por otro lado, la respuesta metabólica al estrés forma parte de ese mecanismo de adaptación, que el organismo genera para sobrevivir a la enfermedad aguda aumentando el aporte de sustratos energéticos a los tejidos vitales. Como resultado de esa compleja respuesta metabólica, el control de la utilización de los sustratos energéticos está solo parcialmente regulado por su disponibilidad, debido a que al estar alterados los mecanismos de producción energética, el organismo busca sustratos alternativos.
Logros y retos de Nutrición Hospitalaria 2016-2017
Authors: Moreno Villares José Manuel , Olveira Fuster Gabriel
Published: February 2017

Un edificio no se construye sino ladrillo a ladrillo. Y antes de construir ya hubo quien roturó el terreno y asentó los cimientos. Y cuando la construcción esté terminada otros diseñarán los interiores, la amueblarán y harán que sea no un edificio sino una casa. Una revista científi ca se parece un poco a una construcción: se trabaja por fases, se precisa la colaboración de muchos, busca ser hogar de todos.Hace un año asumíamos el reto de continuar la tarea de la anterior Dirección de Nutrición Hospitalaria.
Registro del Grupo NADYA-SENPE de nutrición enteral domiciliaria en España, años 2014 y 2015
Authors: Wanden-Berghe Carmina , Luengo Luis Miguel , Álvarez Julia , Burgos Rosa , Cuerda Cristina , Matía Pilar , Gómez Candela Carmen , Martínez Olmos Miguel Ángel , Gonzalo Montserrat , Calleja Alicia , Campos Cristina , Pérez de la Cruz Antonio , Irles José Antonio , Leyes Pere , Sánchez Rebeca , De Luis Román Daniel , Cardona Daniel , Santacruz Nieves , Suárez José Pablo , Ballesta Carmen , Salas Jordi , Penacho María Ángeles , Gardez Carmen , Martínez María José , Cánovas Bárbara , Moreno José Manuel , Del Olmo Dolores , Carabaña Fátima , Virgili Nuria , Higuera Isabel , Mauri Silvia , Sánchez-Vilar Olga , Miserachs Nuria , Ponce Miguel Ángel , García Yaiza , Morán Jesús M. , Apezetxea Antxón , Tejera Cristina , Calañas Alfonso , Cantón Ana , Díaz Patricia , NADYA-SENPE Grupo
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: exponer los resultados del registro de nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED) del año 2014 y 2015 del Grupo NADYA-SENPE.Métodos: se recopilaron los pacientes introducidos en el registro desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2014 y la mismas fechas de 2015, y se procedió al análisis descriptivo y analítico de los datos.Resultados: en el año 2014, se registraron 3.749 pacientes y en 2015, 4.202; la prevalencia fue de 80,58 pacientes/millón de habitantes en el año 2014 y de 90,51 en 2015. Por sexos, hubo un 49,9% de mujeres en 2014 y un 50,3% en 2015. La edad media fue de 73 años (IIQ 59-83) en ambos años. Finalizaron 684 episodios de NED en 2014 y 631 en 2015, la causa principal fue el fallecimiento en el 54,9% y 50,4% de los casos, respectivamente. Los portadores de sonda nasogástrica presentan una edad media superior a los pacientes con cualquier otra vía (p < 0,001). Se registraron 67 pacientes pediátricos en 2014 (56,7% niñas) y 77 en 2015 (55,8% niñas). La vía principal de administración fue la gastrostomía en el 52,0% de los casos de 2014 y sonda nasogástrica en el 50,8% de los casos de 2015. La causa principal de finalización de la nutrición fue el fallecimiento (57,1% en 2014 y 38,5% en 2015). Se observó que los niños más pequeños eran los que se alimentaban preferentemente por SNG (p 0,004 vs.0,002).Tanto en pacientes pediátricos como en adultos el diagnóstico principal que motivó la necesidad de NED fue la enfermedad neurológica que cursa con afagia o disfagia severa.Conclusiones: se ha incrementado el número de pacientes del registro, así como el número de centros participantes y el número medio de pacientes comunicados por cada centro respecto a años anteriores, sin que se hayan modificado sustancialmente las características de los pacientes, salvo mayor duración de los episodios.
Estudio de tolerancia y aceptación de una fórmula enteral con alta densidad energética en pacientes de una unidad de coronarias
Authors: Izaola Olatz , De la Fuente Beatriz , Gómez Hoyos Emilia , López Gómez Juan José , Torres Beatriz , Ortola Ana , De Luis Daniel A.
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: el objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue evaluar la tolerancia de una fórmula enteral con alta densidad energetica en pacientes hospitalizados en una unidad de coronarias con indicación de soporte enteral al menos durante cinco días.Métodos: estudio abierto, no comparativo, no aleatorizado, descriptivo, para evaluar la tolerancia de una fórmula enteral con alta densidad energética en pacientes ingresados en una unidad coronaria.Resultados: se incluyeron 31 pacientes con una media de edad de 67,32 ± 13,8 años y de los cuales el 66,7% eran varones. El volumen medio final prescrito de Nutrison Energy®fue de 928,5 ± 278,5 ml/día (rango: 800-1.500 ml/día). La duración media de la nutrición enteral fue de 11,2 ± 3,2 días. El aporte final promedio de calorías fue de 1.392 ± 417 cal/día, con 169,9 ± 50,9 g/día de hidratos de carbono, 53,8 ± 16,1 g/día de grasas y 55,7 ± 16,9 g/día de proteínas. Tras la administ racion existió un aumento significativo de los niveles de transferrina. Un total de 3 pacientes habían presentado algún episodio de diarrea (9,7%). El número de pacientes que presentaron al menos un episodio de residuo gástrico fue de 5 (16,1%) que no obligo en ningún caso a la suspensión de la nutrición enteral, obligando en 2 pacientes a disminuir el volumen del aporte nutricional durante 24 horas. Durante el soporte nutricional, solo en 3 pacientes fue necesario disminuir el volumen aportado el día previo de la fórmula energética. Con respecto a los vómitos, solo en 1 paciente se constató esta situación (3,2%). Ningún paciente presentó en el estudio otras complicaciones digestivas asociadas a la administración de la fórmula de nutrición enteral. Por último, no se registraron acontecimientos adversos relacionados con la fórmula administrada.Conclusiones: los resultados reflejan que una fórmula enteral con alta densidad energética es una fórmula bien tolerada con una muy baja frecuencia de síntomas gastrointestinales, lo que favorece el cumplimiento de la pauta.
Asociación de la percepción materna del peso del hijo y estilos maternos de alimentación infantil
Authors: Flores-Peña Yolanda , Acuña-Blanco América , Cárdenas-Villarreal Velia M. , Amaro-Hinojosa Marily D. , Pérez-Campa María E. , Elenes-Rodríguez Jesús R.
Published: February 2017

Introducción: las madres no reconocen cuando su hijo presenta sobrepeso-obesidad (SP-OB) y existe evidencia de relación entre esta percepción (PMPH) no adecuada y el estilo materno de alimentación infantil (EMAI).Objetivos: a) evaluar la confiabilidad del Cuestionario Estilos de Alimentación del Cuidador (CFSQ); b) verificar la asociación entre la PMPH y el estado nutricio del hijo; c) describir el EMAI; d) verificar diferencias entre el EMAI y el IMC del hijo; e) verificar la asociación entre la PMPH y los EMAI.Métodos: participaron 566 diadas (madre/hijo preescolar). Las madres seleccionaron la imagen que representaba el peso del hijo (PMPH) y contestaron el CFSQ. Se calculó coeficiente alpha de Cronbach. Se aplicó V de Cramer, ANOVA y Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: la consistencia interna del CFSQ fue 0,88. El 8,4% (n = 12) de madres de hijos con SP-OB tuvieron PMPH adecuada (V = 0,26, p = 0,001). El EMAI más frecuente fue el autoritario (34,5%, n = 195), el EMAI no involucrado presentó IMC más alto del hijo (F = 3,91, p < 0,05). Cuando las madres perciben el SP-OB de sus hijos ejercen un EMAI no involucrado (χ2 = 15,384, gl = 6, p < 0,05).Conclusiones: las madres de hijos con SP-OB tienen una PMPH no adecuada y presentan con mayor frecuencia EMAI autoritario. Cuando perciben a sus hijos como con SP-OB tienen EMAI no involucrado. Se recomiendan intervenciones para reconocer el SP-OB del hijo y la enseñanza de estrategias que promuevan un EMAI con autoridad.
Ayudas ergogénicas en el deporte
Authors: Santesteban Moriones Virginia , Ibáñez Santos Javier
Published: February 2017

Introducción: muy pocos suplementos nutricionales han demostrado científicamente su eficacia como ayuda ergogénica. Esta revisión analizará el monohidrato de creatina (MC), el β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato (HMB), el bicarbonato sódico (BS), la β-alanina y la cafeína.Objetivos: analizar la eficacia, mecanismos de acción, dosis, efectos adversos y algunos deportes que se pueden beneficiar de su consumo.Métodos: búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed de revisiones bibliográficas de los últimos 15 años y artículos originales de los últimos 5 años de las sustancias estudiadas.Resultados: dosis de MC de 20 g/día durante 4-7 días son eficaces para mejorar la fuerza y la potencia muscular y el rendimiento en sprints cortos y repetidos. El HMB en dosis de 3 g/día durante un mínimo de 2 semanas contribuye al aumento de la masa magra y de la masa libre de grasa. La ingesta de 0,3 g/kg de BS mejora el rendimiento en pruebas de 400-1.500 m de atletismo y en sprintsintermitentes. Por su parte, dosis de 80 mg/kg/día de β-alanina durante 4-10 semanas pueden mejorar el rendimiento en ejercicios intermitentes de alta intensidad. Finalmente, la cafeína en dosis de 2 mg/kg mejora la capacidad de reacción y en dosis de 3-6 mg/kg mejora el rendimiento en pruebas de resistencia aeróbica.Conclusiones: los suplementos revisados presentan una demostrada eficacia en el rendimiento físico, pero hay que tener en cuenta que la mayoría de los estudios se han realizado con deportistas de nivel recreativo. Generalmente, la mejora del rendimiento físico con estos suplementos es menor cuanto mejor es el nivel deportivo del individuo; sin embargo, un incremento de apenas un 1% permite a veces avanzar varios puestos en una final. Finalmente, se debe llamar la atención sobre la importancia de optimizar la alimentación antes de plantearse la introducción de suplementos deportivos, especialmente en niños y jóvenes. Las sustancias que hemos analizado poseen una base científica que respalda su efecto ergogénico. Todas ellas se pueden encontrar en el mercado con Certificado de Calidad y Pureza.
Utilidad en la clínica de la goma guar parcialmente hidrolizada: revisión de la evidencia y experiencia
Authors: Cantón Blanco Ana , Fernández López M.ª Teresa , Lugo Rodríguez Gloria , Martínez Olmos Miguel Á. , Palmeiro Carballeira Regina , Pita Gutiérrez Francisco , Tejera Pérez Cristina
Published: February 2017

Introducción: la fibra dietética es un componente importante de la dieta humana. Cada tipo de fibra tiene efectos específicos a nivel metabólico y en el funcionamiento gastrointestinal, por lo que en cada patología concreta habremos de elegir la fibra óptima teniendo en cuenta sus propiedades químicas, físicas y fisiológicas.Objetivo: encuadrar la goma guar parcialmente hidrolizada en su lugar en el complejo marco de la fibra dietética, revisar sus propiedades físico-químicas y posibles mecanismos de acción; así como su potencial utilidad en distintas situaciones clínicas en pacientes adultos.Métodos: revisión no sistemática en Medline.Resultados:la goma guar parcialmente hidrolizada (GGPH) se obtiene a partir de una hidrólisis enzimática parcial de la goma guar mediantela enzima β-endo-mananasa. Se trata de una fibra soluble, altamente fermentable y de baja viscosidad. La fermentación de la GGPH a nivel colónico produce ácidos grasos de cadena corta, implicados en los principales mecanismos fisiopatólogicos responsables de sus efectos a nivel clínico. Su uso en la diarrea asociada a la nutrición enteral está avalada por diversos estudios y por la recomendaciones de sociedades científicas como la European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism y la American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Se ha estudiado la utilidad de la GGPH en otras muchas situaciones clínicas, como diabetes, hipercolesterolemia, sobrecrecimiento bacteriano, etc. con resultados prometedores. Conclusiones: la GGPH es útil en el manejo de la diarrea asociada a nutrición enteral. Respecto a otras situaciones clínicas, serían necesarios más estudios de calidad para poder hacer recomendaciones concretas.
Dietas bajas en hidratos de carbono para diabéticos de tipo 2. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Valenzuela Mencía Javier , Fernández Castillo Rafael , Martos Cabrera María Begoña , Gómez-Urquiza José Luis , Albendín García Luis , Cañadas de la Fuente Guillermo Arturo
Published: February 2017

Introducción: usualmente se ha recomendado a personas diabéticas seguir una dieta baja en grasas. Sin embargo, las dietas bajas en carbohidratos (DBCH) parecen ser, al menos, igual de efectivas que las bajas en grasas, incluso aportan mejores resultados en algunos casos en cuanto a control glicémico, disminución de peso corporal y mejora de marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular.Objetivos: analizar el efecto de las DBCH con respecto a dietas bajas en grasas (DBG) u otras, en cuanto a glucemia basal, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), peso corporal, colesterol total y triglicéridos.Métodos:búsqueda bibliográfica de estudios publicados en Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Lilacs, Dialnet, Scielo y ProQuest. Se extrajeron datos sobre la composición de las dietas evaluadas, duración y cambios respecto a glucemia basal, HbA1c, peso corporal, colesterol y triglicéridos.Resultados: se incluyen 15 estudios en la revisión: en uno de ellos se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos en los niveles de glucemia basal, en 6 en cuanto a HbA1c y en 3 en cuanto a peso corporal. Con respecto a los niveles de lípidos sanguíneos, no se encuentran en ningún estudio diferencias significativas entre grupos en cuanto al colesterol total, mientras que sí se encuentran en 3 estudios respecto a los niveles de triglicéridos.Conclusiones: esta revisión muestra que las DBCH pueden ser efectivas en algunos aspectos como la reducción de HbA1c, de peso corporal o de triglicéridos, aunque no hay suficiente evidencia científica que respalde su uso a largo plazo por encima de otras dietas, por lo que se precisa de más investigaciones futuras.
Field‐Scale Evaluation of Biosolids‐Derived Organomineral Fertilizers Applied to Winter Wheat in England
Authors: Antille Diogenes L. , Godwin Richard J. , Sakrabani Ruben , Seneweera Saman , Tyrrel Sean F. , Johnston A. Edward
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

Agronomic efficiency of organomineral fertilizers higher than biosolids granules.

Organomineral fertilizers reduces the risk of soil P build‐up compared with biosolids.

Conversion of sewage sludge into organomineral fertilizers improves the fertilizer value of biosolids.

Field‐scale experiments in four crop seasons established the agronomic performance of biosolids‐derived organomineral fertilizers (OMF) for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in England. Two OMF formulations (OMF10 10:4:4 and OMF15 15:4:4) were compared with urea and biosolids granules (≈5:6:0.2) to determine crop responses and fertilizer effects on soil chemical properties. Fertilizers were applied at N rates between 0 and 250 kg ha−1 at regular increments of 50 kg ha−1 N. Average grain yields with OMF10 and OMF15 were higher than with biosolids granules, but lower than with urea (P < 0.05). The optimum N application rates, and corresponding grain yields, were 245 and 7900 kg ha−1 for biosolids, 257 and 9100 kg ha−1 for OMF10, 249 and 9500 kg ha−1 for OMF15, and 225 and 10350 kg ha−1 for urea, respectively. Differences in grain yield between fertilizer treatments were explained by differences in yield components, particularly number of grains and thousand‐grain‐weight. Grain‐N recoveries were 31% for biosolids, ≈40% for OMF, and 52% for urea. Organomineral fertilizers‐induced changes in soil extractable P and soil P Index were not significant. Thus, application of OMF replenished P offtake by the crop and therefore supported the choice of the proposed OMF formulations. By contrast, extractable P increased in biosolids and decreased in urea‐treated soils, respectively. Heavy metals in soil were unaffected by fertilizer treatment and lower than permissible limit values. The use of OMF for winter wheat production appears to be a sustainable approach to recycling biosolids to land.
Yield Potential and Nitrogen Requirements of Miscanthus × giganteus on Eroded Soil
Authors: Yost Matt A. , Randall Bryan K. , Kitchen Newell R. , Heaton Emily A. , Myers Robert L.
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

Miscanthus’s performance on eroded claypan soils was comparable to other more productive soil.

Only 4 of 12 site‐year combinations required fertilizer N to maximize Miscanthus yield.

Nitrogen priming had no benefit and the constant rate of 67 kg N ha−1 yr−1 was the lowest that maximized total yield.

Relative leaf chlorophyll concentration in June is a reliable indicator of yield response to N.

Miscanthus × giganteus yield and fertilizer N requirements have been well studied in Europe and parts of the United States, but few reports have investigated its production on eroded claypan soils economically marginal for grain crops. This study was conducted to evaluate yield potential and fertilizer N strategies for young and mature M. × giganteus on eroded soils. Constant (medium, high) and priming (low, medium, high) fertilizer N rates were applied during 2013 to 2015 at three locations in Missouri to young stands planted in 2012. Constant rates (low, medium, high) also were applied to one mature stand planted in 2007. Winter biomass yield (13.3–23.8 Mg ha−1) was comparable to more productive soils and increased with N fertilization at only two sites with young stands. At one location, yield increased by 44, 48, and 82% with fertilization in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively, while the other location increased by 43% only in 2015. At both locations, the medium constant rate (67 kg N ha−1 yr−1) was the lowest rate that maximized total yield across 3 yr. This rate was efficient as it did not increase N removal in harvested biomass. Fertilization always increased leaf chlorophyll concentration (LCC) and site‐years with relative LCC <0.85 had yield response to N, while those at or above this level did not. Nitrogen fertilization is not always needed for M. × giganteus on eroded soils with low organic matter content, and relative LCC can accurately identify when fertilization is required.
Temperature and Nitrogen Effects on Phosphorus Uptake by Agricultural Stream‐Bed Sediments
Authors: McDowell Richard W. , Elkin Kyle R. , Kleinman Peter J.A.
Published: February 2017

Climate change will likely increase the growing season, temperatures, and ratio of nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) loss from land to water. However, it is unknown how these factors influence P concentrations in streams. We sought to evaluate differences in biotic and abiotic processes affecting stream sediment P dynamics under different temperature and N‐enrichment regimes. Three sediments of varying P composition and sorption characteristics were placed into a fluvarium. Synthetic runoff water, with or without added N, was added to the flume's reservoir, and the solution was maintained at 19 or 26°C. Water and sediment samples were taken with time since runoff was introduced. The rate and magnitude of P uptake by sediment was greater at 19°C compared with 26°C, and also when N was added compared with no N added. Analysis of sediment samples indicated that P uptake via abiotic processes was greater at 19 than at 26°C. The addition of N stimulated P uptake by the microbial biomass at 19°C, but microbial uptake was potentially inhibited at 26°C. Because microbial biomass is a temporary store of P, these data suggest that more P may be available with increasing temperatures during the growing season, especially under baseflow, implying that strategies to mitigate P losses from land to water should be strengthened to prevent potential water quality impairment.

Core Ideas

Climate change will boost stream temperatures, N inputs, and P limitation of algae.

P uptake from runoff was greater at 19°C with added N than at 26°C without N.

Uptake at 19°C was attributed to sorption, but also to the microbial biomass.

Uptake by microbial biomass at 26°C was inhibited and P may be released.

Climate change may increase baseflow P requiring runoff inputs to be better mitigated.
Lead and Arsenic Bioaccessibility and Speciation as a Function of Soil Particle Size
Authors: Karna Ranju R. , Noerpel Matt , Betts Aaron R. , Scheckel Kirk G.
Published: February 2017

Bioavailability research of soil metals has advanced considerably from default values to validated in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) assays for site‐specific risk assessment. Previously, USEPA determined that the soil‐size fraction representative of dermal adherence and consequent soil ingestion was <250 μm. This size fraction was widely used in testing efforts for both in vivo and in vitro experiments. However, recent studies indicate the <150‐μm size fraction better represents the particle size that adheres to skin for potential ingestion. At issue is the relevance of validated in vivo and in vitro methods developed with <250 μm moving to the <150‐μm fraction. The objectives of this study were to investigate <250‐μm versus <150‐μm particle size and particle size groups for evaluating lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) IVBA and speciation. Soils with different properties were homogenized, oven dried, and sieved: <250 to > 150, <150 to >75, <75 to >38, and <38 μm. Sieved versus ground subsamples of <250‐μm and <150‐μm bulk soils were also used for IVBA and synchrotron‐based Pb and As speciation. Although we observed an increase in total and IVBA‐extractable Pb and As with decreased soil particle size, changes in %IVBA of Pb and As (dependent on the ratio extractable:total) remained consistent in all of the tested soils. No significant changes in Pb and As speciation were observed across the soil fractions. The results suggest that using the more relevant <150‐μm fraction will not undermine currently validated IVBA protocols in future bioavailability studies.

Core Ideas

Identified critical knowledge gaps regarding the <250‐μm vs. <150‐μm particle size used for IVBA.

Wider implementation of the <150‐μm size fraction maintains past validation with <‐250 μm fraction.

Regardless of increase in total and extractable Pb and As, %IVBA results remained consistent.

Using <150‐μm particle size for IVBA requires much higher volumes/masses of soils.

Synchrotron‐based speciation is significant in bioavailability studies to understand the fate and transport of contaminants.
Spatially Resolved Elemental Analysis, Spectroscopy and Diffraction at the GSECARS Sector at the Advanced Photon Source
Authors: Sutton Stephen R. , Lanzirotti Antonio , Newville Matthew , Rivers Mark L. , Eng Peter , Lefticariu Liliana
Published: February 2017

X‐ray microprobes (XRM) coupled with high‐brightness synchrotron X‐ray facilities are powerful tools for environmental biogeochemistry research. One such instrument, the XRM at the Geo Soil Enviro Center for Advanced Radiation Sources Sector 13 at the Advanced Photon Source (APS; Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL) was recently improved as part of a canted undulator geometry upgrade of the insertion device port, effectively doubling the available undulator beam time and extending the operating energy of the branch supporting the XRM down to the sulfur K edge (2.3 keV). Capabilities include rapid, high‐resolution, elemental imaging including fluorescence microtomography, microscale X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy including sulfur K edge capability, and microscale X‐ray diffraction. These capabilities are advantageous for (i) two‐dimensional elemental mapping of relatively large samples at high resolution, with the dwell times typically limited only by the count times needed to obtain usable counting statistics for low concentration elements, (ii) three‐dimensional imaging of internal elemental distributions in fragile hydrated specimens, such as biological tissues, avoiding the need for physical slicing, (iii) spatially resolved speciation determinations of contaminants in environmental materials, and (iv) identification of contaminant host phases. In this paper, we describe the XRM instrumentation, techniques, applications demonstrating these capabilities, and prospects for further improvements associated with the proposed upgrade of the APS.

Core Ideas

X‐ray microprobes are powerful tools for environmental biogeochemistry.

Upgraded GSECARS XRM operates down to the sulfur K edge.

Capabilities: spatially resolved elemental analysis, spectroscopy, and diffraction.

Advanced Photon Source upgrade will further advance XRM capabilities.
European mantis Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) in Poland: identification and handling
Authors: Zieliński Damian , Czyżowski Piotr , Karpiński Mirosław , Goleman Małgorzata , Drozd Leszek
Published: February 2017

The European Mantis (Mantis religiosa L.) is the only member of the Mantodea in Poland. Although it does not require active protection, the species is under strict protection by a regulation of the Minister of the Environment. In addition, Mantis religiosa is entered into the Polish Red Book of Animals (i.e. a list of threatened species) with the status EN. Praying Mantises are not well known in Poland, and as such, arouse great curiosity wherever encountered. In the absence of adequate knowledge about these insects and about their legal status, they are often removed from their natural habitat and taken home or to a veterinary clinic. This article describes the most important issues regarding the protection of Mantis religiosa, the dispersion of this species in Poland, and its developmental cycle. This information may prove useful to all who come into contact with these insects; including veterinarians to whom they are occasionally brought. It is important that the correct information regarding European mantises is available to the general public, as well as to the veterinarians, so that they know how to deal with the specimens found.
Late Amplatzer device displacement after percutaneous PDA embolization: case description.
Authors: Janiszewski Adrian , Pasławska Urszula , Pasławski Robert , Cepiel Alicja , Noszczyk-Nowak Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

A 6-month-old, 17 kg, male Labrador Retriever was presented for an evaluation of a suspected patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Transthoracic echocardiography confirmed a left-to-right shunting PDA with a minimal ductal diameter of 3.5 mm. A transcatheter PDA occlusion was performed, and a 16 mm Amplatzer Vascular Plug II was selected for the procedure. Within 13 days of discharge, the dog developed sudden lethargy, tachypnea, and coughing after physical activity. Thoracic radiographs showed the Amplatzer device to be abnormally positioned in the lumen of the pulmonary artery with a distinct alveolar pattern. Given the progressive cardiopulmonary distress of the dog, the owners opted for euthanasia. In the present case study, the authors have not been able to satisfactorily explain why the device migrated several days after the procedure. In order to avoid device migration, greater emphasis should be placed on strict activity restriction in dogs after percutaneous PDA occlusion.
Epidemiological situation of foot-and-mouth disease in 2014–2015 and the beginning of 2016
Authors: Paprocka Grażyna , Kęsy Andrzej
Published: February 2017

This article presents key information about foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks around the world, based on data from Office International des Epizooties (OIE), World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRL FMD) and the European Laboratory for Foot and Mouth Disease (EURL) at the Pirbright Institute. In the years 2014–2015 and early 2016, FMD caused by immunologically diverse serotypes O, A, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3 occurred in areas of Asia and Africa, but there were no new outbreaks of the disease in South America. Within this period of time the dominating serotype was serotype O. For many years there were no reports about outbreaks caused by serotype C, the last of them occurring in 2004 (Brazil, Kenya). Significant epidemiological events were related to spreading of the virus serotype O (ME-SA/Ind-2001) and A (ASIA/G-VII(G-18)) from the Indian subcontinent to new regions. Serotype O (ME-SA/Ind-2001) spread in the years 2013 – 2015 in the Middle East (United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain) and North Africa (Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco); it was also detected in 2015 in Southeast Asia (Laos). In turn, the serotype A (ASIA/G-VII(G-18)) was recorded in 2010 in Myanmar, and in 2015 appeared in the Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Armenia, Turkey). Those events constituted a threat to neighbouring countries and increased the risk of intrusion FMD to Europe. A reason for concern was also given by the numerous outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in South Korea, caused by serotype O (SEA/Mya-98). In European countries there have been no outbreaks since 2011 (Bulgaria). For the record, the last outbreak in Poland was identified 45 years ago, in 1971.
Biological filtration with and without prior in-line coagulation to reduce UF fouling by secondary effluent
Authors: Aly Samia A. , Anderson William B. , Huck Peter M.
Published: February 2017

The objectives of this research were to investigate biofiltration prior to ultrafiltration (UF) for treatment of secondary effluent. Biofiltration with and without prior in-line coagulation was assessed for UF membrane fouling reduction. Two parallel pilot-scale biofilters, each with different media (sand vs. anthracite), were operated under identical conditions at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.75 m/h. A component of this investigation included the in-line application of a 1.0 mg/L dose of ferric sulfate prior to an anthracite biofilter. All UF membrane fouling experiments were conducted at bench-scale at a constant flux of 32 L/m2h (LMH). The sand (BF1) and anthracite biofilters (BF2) removed on average 25 and 20%, respectively, of the biopolymer fraction of the effluent organic matter. Humic substances were less well removed at about 10%, while biofilter influent turbidity was reduced by 75 and 70% through BF1 and BF2, respectively. Feeding the UF membrane with biofilter effluent (no prior coagulant addition) substantially reduced both hydraulically reversible and irreversible membrane fouling by up to 60 and 80%, respectively. Hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling were further reduced (up to 69 and 87%, respectively) by the integration of the in-line coagulation/biofiltration pre-treatment processes compared to biofiltration alone.
Cisto ciliado hepático: Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Dos Santos Diego Dovidio , Levi Laís R M , Côrtes Paula Pitta de Resende , Ferraz Adriana R
Published: February 2017

Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare cystic liver disease that predominantly affects adult men and is usually asymptomatic. From embryonic of the foregut origin, CHFC presents the average size of 3.6 cm and they are well defined, are unilocular and are located in the medial segment of the left hepatic lobe. Diagnosis is based on incidental finding in radiological examinations which are with hypoechoic images on ultrasound, hypo or isoattenuating on computer tomography and hyperintense on T2 ponderation on MRI. Definitive diagnosis is given with the histological study evidencing the four layers typical of the cyst wall. The monitoring is important because of the possibility of malignant transformation in about 5% of cases. This theme has relevance due to the increase in incidence, difficulty of diagnosis, complications and the lack of knowledge of the scientific community. The purpose of this literature review is to demonstrate the importance of the diagnosis, the clinical-diagnostic features and suspicion of the frame. A review was made on the period from March 2014 to July 2015. The descriptors used were: "ciliated hepatic foregut cyst"; "diagnosis of ciliated hepatic foregut cyst" and "image of ciliated hepatic foregut cyst". We emphasize the importance of CHCH as a differential diagnosis for cystic lesions of the liver, given its importance for symptomatic patients with lesions and to patients that are asymptomatic, due of the risk of malignancy described in the literature. The complementary propaedeutic is indispensable to elucidate the diagnosis, being essential the histopathological study.