bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GB Grid 9 August 2019 Power Outage and Grid Inertia
Authors: Cooke Christian
Published: April 2021

A power outage on 9 August 2019 raised questions about the ability of the GB electricity grid to withstand rapid changes in frequency caused by outages and surges on the network. Grid inertia has been changing in recent years due to the emergence of renewable energy generation as a significant contributor to the energy mix. Measures to mitigate this change need to be evaluated and the level of investment required to prevent a reoccurrence of such an event quantified. An outline is presented of a research programme towards this goal.
Analytical Model for Compressed Air System Analysis
Authors: Thabet Mohamad , Sanders David , Becerra Victor
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a simple analytical model for a compressed air system (CAS) supply side. The supply side contains components responsible for production, treatment and storage of compressed air such as a compressor, cooler and a storage tank. Simulation of system performance with different storage tank size and system pressure set-point were performed. Results showed that a properly sized tank volume reduces energy consumption while maintaining good system pressure stability. Moreover, results also showed that reducing system pressure reduced energy consumption, however a more detailed model that considers end-user equipment is required to study effect of pressure set-point on energy consumption. Future work will focus on developing a supply-demand side coupled model and on utilizing model in developing new control strategies for improved energy performance.
Design Improvement of Water-Cooled Data Centres Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Sethuramalingam Ramamoorthy , Asthana Abhishek
Published: April 2021

Data centres are complex energy demanding environments. The number of data centres and thereby their energy consumption around the world is growing at a rapid rate. Cooling the servers in the form of air conditioning forms a major part of the total energy consumption in data centres and thus there is an urgent need to develop alternative energy efficient cooling technologies. Liquid cooling systems are one such solution which are in their early developmental stage. In this article, the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to further improve the design of liquid-cooled systems is discussed by predicting temperature distribution and heat exchanger performance. A typical 40 kW rack cabinet with rear door fans and an intermediate air–liquid heat exchanger is used in the CFD simulations. Steady state Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes modelling approach with the RNG K-epsilon turbulence model and the Radiator boundary conditions were used in the simulations. Results predict that heat exchanger effectiveness and uniform airflow across the cabinet are key factors to achieve efficient cooling and to avoid hot spots. The fundamental advantages and limitations of CFD modelling in liquid-cooled data centre racks were also discussed. In additional, emerging technologies for data centre cooling have also been discussed.
Integration of Catalytic Biofuel Production and Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas Production
Authors: Hurst G. , Peeters M. , Tedesco S.
Published: April 2021

The drive towards a low carbon economy will lead to an increase in new lignocellulosic biorefinery activities. Integration of biorefinery waste products into established bioenergy technologies could lead to synergies for increased bioenergy production. In this study, we show that solid residue from the acid hydrolysis production of levulinic acid, has hydrochar properties and can be utilised as an Anaerobic Digestion (AD) supplement. The addition of 6 g/L solid residue to the AD of ammonia inhibited chicken manure improved methane yields by +14.1%. The co-digestion of biorefinery waste solids and manures could be a promising solution for improving biogas production from animal manures, sustainable waste management method and possible form of carbon sequestration.
Low-Speed Aerodynamic Analysis Using Four Different Turbulent Models of Solver of a Wind Turbine Shroud
Authors: Ngouani M. M. Siewe , Chen Yong Kang , Day R. , David-West O.
Published: April 2021

This study presents the effect of four different turbulent models of solver on the aerodynamic analysis of a shroud at wind speed below 6 m/s. The converting shroud uses a combination of a cylindrical case and an inverted circular wing base which captures the wind from a 360° direction. The CFD models used are: the SST (Menter) k-ω model, the Reynolds Stress Transport (RST) model, the Improved Delay Detached Eddies Simulation model (IDDES) SST k-ω model and the Large Eddies Simulation Wall Adaptive model. It was found that all models have predicted a convergent surface pressure. The RST, the IDDES and the WALE LES are the only models which have well described regions of pressure gradient. They have all predicted a pressure difference between the planes (1–5) which shows a movement of the air from the lower plane 1 (inlet) to the higher plane 5 (outlet). The RST and IDDES have predicted better vorticities on the plane 1 (inlet). It was also found that the model RST, IDDES, and WALE LES have captured properly the area of turbulences across the internal region of the case. All models have predicted the point of flow separation. They have also revealed that the IDDES and the WALE LES can capture and model the wake eddies at different planes. Thus, they are the most appropriate for such simulation although demanding in computational power. The movement of air predicted by almost all models could be used to drive a turbine.
Towards an Optimal Deep Neural Network for SOC Estimation of Electric-Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Cells
Authors: Anjum Muhammad , Asif Moizzah , Williams Jonathan
Published: April 2021

This paper has identified a minimal configuration of a DNN architecture and hyperparameter settings to effectively estimate SOC of EV battery cells. The results from the experimental work has shown that a minimal configuration of hidden layers and neurons can reduce the computational cost and resources required without compromising the performance. This is further supported by the number of epochs taken to train the best DNN SOC estimations model. Hence, demonstrating that, the risk of overfitting estimation models to training datasets, can also be subsided. This is further supported by the generalisation capability of the best model demonstrated through the decrease in error metrics values from test phase to those in validation phase.
Optimal Design of Environmental-Friendly Hybrid Power Generation System
Authors: Hosseini SeyedVahid , Izadi Ali , Boloorchi Afsaneh Sadat , Madani Seyed Hossein , Chen Yong , Chizari Mahmoud
Published: April 2021

Combination of both renewable and fuel-based generation systems is an advantageous approach to develop off-grid distributed power plants. This approach requires evaluation of the techno-economic potential of each source in a selected site as well as optimization of load sharing strategy between them. Development of a remote hybrid power plant in an off-grid area is the interest of this study. Defining all available combinations, characteristics of performance, cost and availability of them evaluated. Applying constraints, multi-objective target domain based on load following and Levelized Cost of Electricity is established in which by utilizing Pareto front approach, optimized scenarios is achieved.
How Often Do You Open Your House Windows When Heating is ON? An Investigation of the Impact of Occupants’ Behaviour on Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings
Authors: Salim Sherna , Al-Habaibeh Amin
Published: April 2021

Currently, there are many initiatives to thermally insulate buildings on the assumption that the more insulated the building is, the more efficient in terms of energy conservation it will perform. Many assessment systems assume a linear relationship between building insulation and energy conservation. The drawback of such hypotheses is that they ignore the effect of occupants’ behaviour in their conclusions. In this study, the authors will examine the effect of people’s behaviour, particularly windows’ opening, as a behavioural pattern of occupants. It aims to study the impact of occupant’s behaviour on energy consumption of residential buildings and to identify the key factors that influence occupants’ behaviour; thus, providing ideas for improving energy efficiency by suggesting enhanced policies, approaches and techniques. The findings suggest that occupants’ behaviour could have a greater influence on the energy efficiency of buildings in some cases when compared with their thermal insulation due to opening of windows in cold weather which causes air infiltration.
Fuel Poverty and Health Implications of Elderly People Living in the UK
Authors: Abdi Ali Mohamed , Arewa Andrew , Tyrer Mark
Published: April 2021

Fuel poverty is widely recognised as distinct form of injustice and social inequality and a front burner issue in the last three decades in the UK. The crisis affects 4.5 million households in the UK, and it is a major high-risk contributor to health of elderly people (NEA in Effects of Living in Fuel Poverty, NEA.ORG, London, 2020, [1]). Thus, the consequences of fuel poverty range from psychological stress, worry and isolation to serious health conditions such as respiratory and circulatory diseases. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of fuel poverty on reoccurring health risks of elderly people. The study adopted quantitative research methods with participants drawn from West Midlands region of England - UK; an area with high population of elderly people, carers, health professionals and energy professionals. Findings from the survey indicate that fuel poverty is one of the major aspects that contributes to health implications among elderly people in the UK.
Review of Heat Demand Time Series Generation for Energy System Modelling
Authors: Peacock Malcolm , Fragaki Aikaterini , Matuszewski Bogdan J.
Published: April 2021

National heat demand time series are important inputs into national energy system models. Although time series for primary fuel such as gas might be available, heat demand is not and measuring heat demand is only possible for individual buildings. Four different methods are used in this work to generate daily heat demand time series for Great Britain for 2016–2018 from temperature and windspeed and are validated against heat demand derived from national grid gas demand. All seem to model heat demand well.
The Impact of Data Segmentation in Predicting Monthly Building Energy Use with Support Vector Regression
Authors: Mounter William , Dawood Huda , Dawood Nashwan
Published: April 2021

Advances in metering technologies and machine learning methods provide both opportunities and challenges for predicting building energy usage in the both the short and long term. However, there are minimal studies on comparing machine learning techniques in predicting building energy usage on their rolling horizon, compared with comparisons based upon a singular forecast range. With the majority of forecasts ranges being within the range of one week, due to the significant increases in error beyond short term building energy prediction. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the accuracy of building energy predictions can be improved for long term predictions, in part of a larger study into which machine learning techniques predict more accuracy within different forecast ranges. In this case study the ‘Clarendon building’ of Teesside University was selected for use in using it’s BMS data (Building Management System) to predict the building’s overall energy usage with Support Vector Regression. Examining how altering what data is used to train the models, impacts their overall accuracy. Such as by segmenting the model by building modes (Active and dormant), or by days of the week (Weekdays and weekends). Of which it was observed that modelling building weekday and weekend energy usage, lead to a reduction of 11% MAPE on average compared with unsegmented predictions.
Between Origin and Destination: German Migrants and the Individual Consequences of Their Global Lives
Authors: Erlinghagen Marcel , Ette Andreas , Schneider Norbert F. , Witte Nils
Published: April 2021

During the twentieth century, international migration was mainly understood as immigration into economically highly developed welfare states. This has changed over the course of recent decades because these countries are meanwhile also understood as important sources of international mobility. Whereas international mobility experiences have potentially far-reaching consequences for social inequalities and life chances, migration studies have only little experience in analysing international migration from those economically highly developed welfare states. This introduction frames the chapters in this volume that contribute to fill this gap by examining the individual consequences of global lives not only as a question of migrants’ integration into receiving societies (destination). Rather, the consequences of international mobility are also studied by comparing migrants with the non-mobile population of the country of origin (origin) and as results of specific trajectories (migration) in individual life courses during the migration process (Destination-Origin-Migration Approach). The introduction also provides an overview of how this approach is utilised by the different chapters of the book, all based on the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS), which provides a comprehensive empirical basis for studying the consequences of international migration along four dimensions of the life course: employment and social mobility, partner and family, wellbeing and health, as well as friends and social integration.
Out of Sight, out of Mind? Frequency of Emigrants’ Contact with Friends in Germany and its Impact on Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Mansfeld Lisa
Published: April 2021

Migration implies both benefits and costs. The latter include a possible breakdown of social networks, and thus a loss of social capital. Although there is some literature on the evolution of family networks after migration, not as much is known about friendship. This article assesses the quality of friendships between German emigrants and their friends who stayed in Germany. In particular, it asks three research questions: (a) How does the quality of relationships with friends in Germany differ from the quality of other relationships after migration? (b) How is friendship quality after migration related to socio-demographic or socio-economic factors? And (c) is there a link between friendship quality and the subjective well-being of emigrants? Results indicate that friendship quality measured as frequency of contact with friends falls in the middle range of contact frequency, as emigrants typically have more contact with partners and children, but less contact with some other relatives, compared to close friends. Furthermore, several determinants of contact frequency (e.g. gender, age, length of stay and household constellation) can be identified and correlations with various aspects of subjective well-being were found.
Emigration, Friends, and Social Integration: The Determinants and Development of Friendship Network Size After Arrival
Authors: Décieux Jean Philippe , Mörchen Luisa
Published: April 2021

Friendships can be interpreted as voluntary relationships between individuals and characterised as relatively amorphous bond. Since migration usually diversifies people’s social bonds, it can be suggested that in this context friendships have to be reconfigured. Even though friendships are important for societal integration and related to individual well-being, migration research has treated friendships as a side issue. This chapter aims to narrow this gap by answering three questions: Are there significant differences between emigrants and non-mobiles in their number of close friends? What are important factors influencing emigrants’ number of close friends abroad? How does this number develop during the first years after emigration? Based on data from the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study and the German Socio-Economic Panel, the results show that emigrants have more friends than non-mobiles. Additionally, we find that individual characteristics and cultural distance between emigrant and host society or the intension to stay in the emigration country are significantly related to emigrants’ friendship network size. Furthermore, we find that identification with the emigration country is the most influential factor on the size of the friendship networks during the first 2 years after arrival. Our results also provide some evidence that there is an optimal size of the close-friendship-network.
Setting up Probability-Based Online Panels of Migrants with a Push-to-Web Approach: Lessons Learned from the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS)
Authors: Genoni Andreas , Décieux Jean Philippe , Ette Andreas , Witte Nils
Published: April 2021

We address two major challenges in setting up probability-based online panels of migrants, using the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) as an example. The first challenge is potential spatial and social selectivity in unit response when using push-to-web recruitment. To address the first challenge, we draw on a split ballot experiment with return migrants in wave 1 of GERPS. The related analysis uses population register data and geo data. We use logistic regressions to compare unit nonresponse between a push-to-web-only control group (n = 5999) and two sub-samples (eachn = 1000) with optional paper and pencil interviews (PAPI). The second challenge is panel attrition. To address the second challenge, we investigate the role of individual-level and survey-related factors for panel consent. The regression analysis uses GERPS data of first-wave respondents, estimating panel consent rates for responding remigrants in general (n = 6395) and in the experiment sample (n = 2130). We find that the provision of an optional paper questionnaire marginally increases the likelihood of response. The positive correlation of PAPI and response rate, however, is counterbalanced by a negative correlation with the likelihood of panel consent. This suggests a trade-off scenario to the detriment of either response rates or panel participation rates.
Affluent Lives Beyond the Border? Individual Wage Change Through Migration
Authors: Witte Nils , Guedes Auditor Jean
Published: April 2021

This chapter investigates individual wage changes of German emigrants. The analytical strategy is twofold. First, we compare hourly wage changes among emigrants with wage changes among stayers. We estimate the Difference-in-Difference of mean net hourly wages between stayers and emigrants over time and account for the positive selection of emigrants on observable characteristics through entropy balancing. Second, we explore the heterogeneity of wage changes among emigrants. To that end, we calculate linear regressions on the log net hourly wage change through migration. The first analysis suggests substantial wage increases of 8 euros through migration. The second analysis provides evidence that characteristics of employment and of destination countries account for differences in the wage change among emigrants. Among individual characteristics, only age is negatively correlated, while education and gender do not account for differences. Our analysis rely on the first wave of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study. The German Socio-Economic Panel Study yields our reference population of stayers.
Migration Motives, Timing, and Outcomes of Internationally Mobile Couples
Authors: Erlinghagen Marcel
Published: April 2021

This chapter presents analyses of data from the first wave of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) to explore the role of gender differences in migration motives, patterns, and outcomes in recently emigrated or remigrated couples. The results show that emigration of couples follows a traditional gender pattern with leading men and trailing women. However, we also found important evidence that remigration patterns do not follow these traditional gender norms. The decision towards and the timing of remigration within couples is led by women independent of age, education, migration experience, migration motives, and personality traits. Turning to migration outcomes, we find evidence for at least some psychological burden for women. When women are the trailing partner with respect to emigration or remigration decisions, they report a decrease in overall life satisfaction as well as an increase in perceived social isolation after migration. However, under some circumstances men also suffer psychologically. Specifically, men who have remigrated in advance of their female partners report lower life satisfaction and higher perceived isolation.
Einleitung
Authors: Schäfer Philipp
Published: April 2021

Zu Beginn dieses Kapitels ist ein kurzer Abriss der Historie des Recyclings und der Entwicklung der Circular Economy (CE) gegeben. Recycling – das zentrale Thema dieser Forschungsarbeit – ist keineswegs ein neues Phänomen, sondern vielmehr beinahe so alt wie die Menschheit. Heute ist Recycling insbesondere als wesentliche Strategie der CE bekannt und daher als wesentlicher Teil der Nachhaltigkeits- sowie Umwelt- und Ressourcenschutzdebatte stark propagiert und politisch forciert. Allerdings weist die CE – wie sie derzeit angestrebt wird – noch einige Inkonsistenzen auf, die sich auch auf die Zielausrichtung des Recyclings auswirken und nun in der Wissenschaft vermehrt diskutiert werden.
Zielausrichtung des Recyclings
Authors: Schäfer Philipp
Published: April 2021

Dieses Kapitel befasst sich mit der noch nicht einheitlich festgelegten Zielausrichtung des Recyclings und der CE. Ein wesentlicher Treiber der CE und des Recyclings ist die Befürchtung um die Verknappung mineralischer Ressourcen. Darum wird seit mittlerweile vielen Jahrzehnten eine sehr kontroverse Diskussion geführt. In Abschnitt 3.1 sind die wichtigsten Fakten dieser Diskussion näher beleuchtet, mit dem Ergebnis, dass kein empirischer Beweis für eine drohende Verknappung der Ressourcen existiert. Es besteht also keine Notwendigkeit Recycling als Maßnahme der Ressourcenschonung auszulegen. Vielmehr sollte Recycling anhand der Aufwände und damit verbundenen Umweltbelastungen bewertet und mit der primären Gewinnung verglichen werden. Der Energiebedarf ist als einheitlicher Aufwandsindikator identifiziert, der Kommensurabilität der beiden Gewinnungsmethoden ermöglicht – siehe hierzu Abschnitt 3.2 und 3.3.
Methodisches Vorgehen
Authors: Schäfer Philipp
Published: April 2021

In diesem Kapitel ist das methodische Vorgehen beschrieben, anhand dessen die eingangs formulierten Forschungsfragen (1), (2) und (3) beantwortet sind. Nach der Definition des Untersuchungsrahmens und der Systemgrenzen sind die theoretischen Grundlagen der Modellbildung der Recyclingsysteme erläutert. Für diese Modelle sind umfangreiche Datengrundlagen notwendig. Wie diese Daten ermittelt sind und wie in diesem Zusammenhang mit Unsicherheiten und Allokationsproblematiken umgegangen wird, ist in Abschnitt 4.3 behandelt. Um die zentrale Forschungsfrage (3) der Arbeit zu beantworten – bis zu welcher EoL-RQ Recycling praktiziert werden sollte – ist abschließend eine Optimierungsmethode ausgewählt und ausführlich beschrieben.
Einleitung
Authors: Steiner Erich
Published: April 2021

Das Kapitel führt ein in den Untersuchungsgegenstand «Schulbezogenes Motivierungshandeln von Eltern in der Phase der Entscheidungsfindung vor dem Übertritt in die Sekundarstufe I» und skizziert die theoretischen Ansätze, mit denen die entsprechenden Praktiken in der vorliegenden Studie für die Analyse fassbar gemacht werden. Das Kapitel schliesst mit der Erörterung des Aufbaus des Theorieteils.
Elterliches schulbezogenes Unterstützungshandeln
Authors: Steiner Erich
Published: April 2021

Im vorliegenden Kapitel geht es darum, den Untersuchungsgegenstand des «elterlichen verbalen Motivierens» als Teilbereich des elterlichen schulbezogenen Unterstützungshandelns begrifflich fassbar zu machen. Dazu ist es zunächst notwendig, die übergeordnete Kategorie genauer zu betrachten und zu erörtern, was in der vorliegenden Studie im Kontext erwartungswert-theoretischer Konzeptionen unter «Handeln» verstanden wird. Nach der Klärung des Begriffs der elterlichen schulbezogenen Unterstützung werden empirische Befunde, die vor allem im Kontext der angelsächsischen parental-involvement-Forschung erarbeitet wurden, zusammengefasst, und herausgearbeitet, warum es sich als wichtig erwiesen hat, elterliches schulbezogenes Handeln vor allem hinsichtlich motivationaler Orientierungen des Kindes in den Blick zu nehmen. Merkmale dieses Handelns, die sich als in der neueren Forschung als produktiv erwiesen haben, werden skizziert und abschließend bezüglich ihrer Bedeutung für die vorliegende Studie eingeschätzt.
Elterliches Unterstützungshandeln und der Übertritt in die Sekundarstufe I
Authors: Steiner Erich
Published: April 2021

In der vorliegenden Studie wird elterliches Motivierungshandeln spezifisch im Kontext eines unsicheren Übertrittsentscheids untersucht. Die Sortierung der Schülerinnen und Schüler auf unterschiedlich anforderungsreiche Schultypen erzwingt von den Eltern und den schulischen Akteuren eine Entscheidung über den weiteren Bildungsweg des Kindes. Boudon (1974) zufolge dürften Eltern dabei relativ reflektiert Aspirationen und Leistungen des Kindes, schulische und berufliche Konsequenzen sowie Chancen und Gefahren beim Übertritt in bestimmte Bildungsgänge gegeneinander abwägen und schließlich mit dem Kind ein Übertrittsziel definieren, welches einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf ihr häusliches Unterstützungshandeln, u. a. ihre kontroll- und wertbezogenen Aussagen gegenüber dem Kind, ausüben dürfte. Auch die Klassenlehrkräfte nehmen eine Beurteilung vor und geben je nach Schulsystem eine mehr oder weniger bindende Empfehlung ab. Nachdem PISA 2000 für die gegliederten, relativ früh selektionierenden Bildungssysteme in den deutschsprachigen Ländern eine nach wie vor enge Koppelung zwischen sozialer Herkunft und Bildungserfolg offengelegt hatte (OECD, 2001), widmet sich die Bildungs- und Sozialstrukturforschung (wieder) verstärkt der Frage, welchen Anteil das Elternhaus daran trägt und welcher Anteil dem Bildungssystem und dem Handeln seiner Akteure zugeschrieben werden kann. Das vorliegende Kapitel widmet sich schwerpunktmäßig dem institutionellen Aspekt: Nach einer Erläuterung der zentralen Unterscheidung Boudons zwischen primären und sekundären Herkunftseffekten und der Vorstellung der Befundlage zu seinen Postulaten wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern die Befürchtungen der Eltern bezüglich des Ausleseverhaltens der Lehrkräfte sowie einer potentiellen schulischen und beruflichen Benachteiligung ihres Kindes bei einer Zuteilung zum weniger anforderungsreichen Schultyp (vgl. die Interviewausschnitte in Kapitel 1.1) auf der Grundlage entsprechender Befunde der neueren empirischen Bildungsforschung berechtigt scheinen. Das Kapitel wird mit einer Kommentierung der Ergebnisse, spezifisch mit Blick auf die konkrete organisatorische Ausgestaltung des Übertrittsverfahrens in der Volksschule des Kantons Zürich sowie einer Einschätzung darüber, wie stark das Verfahren die einzelnen an der Untersuchung teilnehmenden Elternteile in ihrem Motivierungshandeln beeinflusst haben mag, abgeschlossen.
Familiale Ressourcen und elterliches Unterstützungshandeln
Authors: Steiner Erich
Published: April 2021

Dieses Kapitel widmet sich der Frage, wie familiale bzw. elterliche Ressourcen mit dem Unterstützungshandeln der Eltern sowie mit schulbezogenen Orientierungen und fachlichen Leistungen des Kindes zusammenhängen – jenen Größen, die sich beim Übertritt in die Sekundarstufe I im Sinne primärer Herkunftseffekte (vgl. Boudon, 1974) nebst den elterlichen Aspirationen als wichtigste Kriterien für die Entscheide der Akteure erwiesen haben (z. B. Ditton & Krüsken, 2006). Hierfür wird zuerst der kulturtheoretische Ansatz von Pierre Bourdieu (1984, 1996a) ins Zentrum gerückt, der u. a. postuliert, dass neben den ökonomischen auch die sozialen Handlungspotentiale der Familie, vor allem aber deren kulturelle Ressourcen – namentlich die bildungsbezogenen Praktiken – prädiktierten, wie erfolgreich sich das Kind in den Anforderungsstrukturen der Schule behaupten könne. Nach der Erörterung diesbezüglicher Befunde der empirischen Bildungsforschung und ausgehend vom Bourdieu’schen Konstrukt des Habitus richtet sich dann die Aufmerksamkeit auf die psychologischen Ressourcen der Eltern in Form bildungsbezogener Überzeugungen: Mit Hilfe des «Modells motivations- und leistungsbezogener Sozialisation im Elternhaus» von Eccles und Kolleg*innen (Simpkins et al., 2015a, S. 617; Wigfield, Eccles, et al., 2015, S. 22) wird der Einfluss solcher generalisierten Überzeugungen der Eltern im Zusammenspiel mit strukturellen Merkmalen der Familie auf das schulbezogene Motivierungshandeln herausgearbeitet. Das Kapitel schließt mit einer Übersicht über sozialstrukturelle Merkmale der Fallfamilien sowie über ausgewählte bildungsbezogene Überzeugungen der 20 beteiligten Elternteile.
Elterliche Kontroll- und Wertregulationen und die Lernmotivation des Kindes
Authors: Steiner Erich
Published: April 2021

Das vorliegende Kapitel nimmt das elterliche schulbezogene verbale Motiverungshandeln in den Blick. Dazu werden zuerst die intramentalen Prozesse beim Kind beleuchtet, welche die Eltern zu beeinflussen versuchen: Erwartungswert-theoretischen Konzeptionen der Leistungsmotivation und -emotion (Pekrun & Perry, 2014; Wigfield, Eccles, et al., 2015) zufolge sind es namentlich die Kontroll- und Wertüberzeugungen des Kindes, die darüber entscheiden, welchen schulischen Aktivitäten und Zielen es sich zuwendet sowie mit welcher Qualität und welchem Erfolg es sich diesen widmet. Kontrollüberzeugungen, generalisierte subjektive Vorstellungen davon, inwieweit man in bestimmten Domänen sein Handeln und die Handlungsergebnisse selbst beeinflussen kann (vgl. Preiser & Sann, 2010, S. 387), bestimmen die situative Erfolgszuversicht beim Planen und Durchführen eigener Lernhandlungen und werden ihrerseits durch Erfolgs- und Misserfolgserfahrungen und deren subjektive Deutungen – sogenannte Kausalattribuierungen (vgl. Abschnitt 5.3.3.1) – geprägt. Eltern können vor, während und nach Lern- und Leistungssituation mittels Feedbacks auf die Kontrollkognitionen des Kindes Einfluss nehmen, indem sie es auf gelingende und misslingende Aspekte seines Tuns hinweisen und dafür mehr oder weniger explizit Gründe geltend machen. Wertüberzeugungen – individuelle Präferenzen für bestimmte Verhaltensklassen, Konzepte und Ziele – bestimmen dahingegen, welche subjektive Bedeutung man einer bestimmten Aufgabe zumisst. In Abschnitt 5.5 wird die Theorie des Subjective Task Value von Eccles, Wigfield und Kolleg*innen (Eccles, 2005; Wigfield & Eccles, 1992) erörtert, welche vier Beweggründe für die Wahl einer Aktivität postuliert. In ähnlicher Art wie bei den evaluativen Feedbacks können Eltern vor, während und nach Lern- und Leistungssituationen versuchen, auf die task values des Kindes Einfluss zu nehmen, indem sie vor diesem ihre eigenen aktivitätsbezogenen Bedeutsamkeitszuschreibungen verbalisieren. Der letzte Teil des Kapitels widmet sich nochmals detaillierter der Frage, welche kommunikativen Bedingungen verbale Kontroll- und Wertregulationen erfüllen sollten, damit die von den Eltern intendierte Botschaft mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit vom Kind aufgenommen und internalisiert wird.
Social Selling – Buzzword oder innovativer Vertriebsansatz?
Authors: Römmelt Benedikt
Published: April 2021

Das Kapitel „Social Selling – Buzzword oder innovativer Vertriebsansatz“ zeigt die Bedeutung sozialer Medien und deren steigende Bedeutung im Alltag der Menschen auf. Es bietet einen Überblick der aktuell genutzten Medien. Daraus leitet es die steigende Relevanz des Social Sellings ab und stellt dabei die kritische Frage, ob hier wirklich eine radikale Innovation im Vertrieb vorliegt.
Spezifische Ansätze im Kontext des Social Sellings
Authors: Römmelt Benedikt
Published: April 2021

Social Selling bedient sich unterschiedlicher Ansätze. Neben Content Marketing spielen Personal Branding, B2B-Influencer Marketing (Corporate Influencer) und Social Listening hierbei wichtige Rollen.
Social Selling in Practice
Authors: Römmelt Benedikt
Published: April 2021

Für die Umsetzung des Social Sellings bieten sich diverse Plattformen und Tools zur Unterstützung an. Die beiden wichtigsten Plattformen XING und LinkedIn werden näher beschrieben. CRM-Integration, Schwächen bei der Erfolgsmessung und beim Controlling sowie Herausforderungen und Risiken bei der Nutzung des Social Sellings werden diskutiert. Weiterhin zeigen Case Studies Erfahrungen und Erfolge des Social Sellings in der praktischen Anwendung.
Fazit und Ausblick: Was Sie aus diesem Essential mitnehmen können
Authors: Römmelt Benedikt
Published: April 2021

Ist Social Selling nun ein Buzzword oder ein radikal innovativer Vertriebsansatz? Sicherlich ist es weder das eine noch das andere Extrem. Die Grundidee, mittels qualitativ guter Inhalte (Content) Interesse zu generieren sowie systematisch an der Qualität der Beziehung zu Kontakten zu arbeiten, ist nicht neu. Auch die Nutzung von (nicht digitalen) Netzwerken zu Vertriebszwecken ist seit vielen Jahren etabliert.
Integrable Kondo problems
Authors: Gaiotto Davide , Lee Ji Hoon , Wu Jingxiang
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We discuss the integrability and wall-crossing properties of Kondo problems, where an 1d impurity is coupled to a 2d chiral CFT and triggers a defect RG flow. We review several new and old examples inspired by constructions in four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory and by affine Gaudin models.
The effect of directional social cues on saccadic eye movements in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Koçoğlu Koray , Akdal Gülden , Dönmez Çolakoğlu Berril , Çakmur Raif , Sharma Jagdish C. , Ezard Gemma , Hermens Frouke , Hodgson Timothy L.
Published: April 2021

There is growing interest in how social processes and behaviour might be affected in Parkinson’s disease. A task which has been widely used to assess how people orient attention in response to social cues is the spatial cueing task. Socially relevant directional cues, such as a picture of someone gazing or pointing to the left or the right have been shown to cause orienting of visual attention in the cued direction. The basal ganglia may play a role in responding to such directional cues, but no studies to date have examined whether similar social cueing effects are seen in people with Parkinson’s disease. In this study, patients and healthy controls completed a prosaccade (Experiment 1) and an antisaccade task (Experiment 2) in which the target was preceded by arrow, eye gaze or pointing finger cues. Patients showed increased errors and response times for antisaccades but not prosaccades. Healthy participants made most anticipatory errors on pointing finger cue trials, but Parkinson's patients were equally affected by arrow, eye gaze and pointing cues. It is concluded that Parkinson's patients have a reduced ability to suppress responding to directional cues, but this effect is not specific to social cues.
Singular Control of the Drift of a Brownian System
Authors: Federico Salvatore , Ferrari Giorgio , Schuhmann Patrick
Published: April 2021

We consider a standard Brownian motion whose drift can be increased or decreased in a possibly singular manner. The objective is to minimize an expected functional involving the time-integral of a running cost and the proportional costs of adjusting the drift. The resulting two-dimensional degenerate singular stochastic control problem has interconnected dynamics and it is solved by combining techniques of viscosity theory and free boundary problems. We provide a detailed description of the problem’s value function and of the geometry of the state space, which is split into three regions by two monotone curves. Our main result shows that those curves are continuously differentiable with locally Lipschitz derivative and solve a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.
Smoke on the Water: Comparative Assessment of Combined Thermal Shock Treatments for Control of Invasive Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea
Authors: Coughlan Neil E. , Cuthbert Ross N. , Cunningham Eoghan M. , Potts Stephen , McSweeney Diarmuid , Vong Gina Y. W. , Healey Emma , Crane Kate , Caffrey Joe M. , Lucy Frances E. , Davis Eithne , Dick Jaimie T. A.
Published: April 2021

Suppression of established populations of invasive alien species can be a complex and expensive process, which is frequently unsuccessful. The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774), is considered a high impact invader that can adversely alter freshwater ecosystems and decrease their socioeconomic value. To date, C. fluminea continues to spread and persist within freshwater environments worldwide, despite repeated management attempts to prevent dispersal and suppress established populations. As extensive C. fluminea beds can often become exposed during low-water conditions, the direct application of hot or cold thermal shock treatments has been proposed as suitable mechanism for their control. Further, mechanical substrate disturbance may enhance the efficacy of thermal shock treatments by facilitating exposures to multiple layers of buried clams. In the present study, we advanced these methods by assessing combined applications of both hot and cold thermal shock treatments for control of C. fluminea, using steam spray (≥100 °C; 350 kPa), low- or high-intensity open-flame burns (~1000 °C) and dry ice (−78 °C). In a direct comparison of raking combined with hot thermal shock applications, both steam and high-intensity open-flame treatments tended to be most effective, especially following multiple applications. In addition, when hot thermal treatments are followed by a final cold shock (i.e. dry ice), steam treatments tended to be most effective. Further, when dry ice was applied either alone or prior to an application of a hot shock treatment, substantial if not complete C. fluminea mortality was observed. Overall, this study demonstrated that combined applications of hot and cold thermal shock treatments, applied following the disruption of the substrate, can substantially increase C. fluminea mortality compared to separate hot or cold treatments.
Oil palm and rubber expansion facilitates earthworm invasion in Indonesia
Authors: Potapov Anton , Schaefer Ina , Jochum Malte , Widyastuti Rahayu , Eisenhauer Nico , Scheu Stefan
Published: April 2021

Deforestation, plantation expansion and other human activities in tropical ecosystems are often associated with biological invasions. These processes have been studied for above-ground organisms, but associated changes below the ground have received little attention. We surveyed rainforest and plantation systems in Jambi province, Sumatra, Indonesia, to investigate effects of land-use change on the diversity and abundance of earthworms—a major group of soil-ecosystem engineers that often is associated with human activities. Density and biomass of earthworms increased 4—30-fold in oil palm and rubber monoculture plantations compared to rainforest. Despite much higher abundance, earthworm communities in plantations were less diverse and dominated by the peregrine morphospecies Pontoscolex corethrurus, often recorded as invasive. Considering the high deforestation rate in Indonesia, invasive earthworms are expected to dominate soil communities across the region in the near future, in lieu of native soil biodiversity. Ecologically-friendly management approaches, increasing structural habitat complexity and plant diversity, may foster beneficial effects of invasive earthworms on plant growth while mitigating negative effects on below-ground biodiversity and the functioning of the native soil animal community.
Risk of breast cancer in relation to dietary intake of selenium and serum selenium as a marker of dietary intake: a prospective cohort study within The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
Authors: Bengtsson Ylva , Sandsveden Malte , Manjer Jonas
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Selenium has been suggested to be protective against breast cancer, but the evidence remains inconclusive. Hence, it is important to further examine the potential protective effect. This prospective cohort study investigates pre-diagnostic selenium intake in relation to breast cancer risk. In addition, we analyze serum selenium as a marker of dietary intake.

Methods

This study includes 17,035 women in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Dietary assessment and serum samples were collected at baseline (1991–1996). During 344,584 person-years of follow-up, 1,427 incident cases were retrieved. Cox regression analysis examined breast cancer risks adjusted for potential confounding factors. In addition, odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for 1186 cases and an equal number of controls in relation to quartiles (Q) of selenium intake and groups consisting of a combination of intake and serum selenium levels.

Results

No overall association between selenium intake, or a combination of intake and serum levels, and breast cancer risk was found. The adjusted relative risk for breast cancer in selenium intake Q4 versus Q1 was 0.96 (0.83–1.12) (Ptrend = 0.65). Similarly, adjusted the OR for breast cancer in selenium intake for Q4 versus Q1 was 0.97 (0.76–1.23). The kappa value, 0.096 (p = 0.001), showed poor agreement between serum selenium and selenium intake.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that there is no overall association between selenium intake, or a combination of intake and serum levels, and breast cancer risk. Finally, our results showed a poor correlation between estimated selenium intake and serum selenium.
The Redox Modulating Sonlicromanol Active Metabolite KH176m and the Antioxidant MPG Protect Against Short-Duration Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Xiao Yang , Yim Karen , Zhang Hong , Bakker Diane , Nederlof Rianne , Smeitink Jan A. M. , Renkema Herma , Hollmann Markus W. , Weber Nina C. , Zuurbier Coert J.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Sonlicromanol is a phase IIB clinical stage compound developed for treatment of mitochondrial diseases. Its active component, KH176m, functions as an antioxidant, directly scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and redox activator, boosting the peroxiredoxin-thioredoxin system. Here, we examined KH176m’s potential to protect against acute cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), compare it with the classic antioxidant N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG), and determine whether protection depends on duration (severity) of ischemia.

Methods

Isolated C56Bl/6N mouse hearts were Langendorff-perfused and subjected to short (20 min) or long (30 min) ischemia, followed by reperfusion. During perfusion, hearts were treated with saline, 10 μM KH176m, or 1 mM MPG. Cardiac function, cell death (necrosis), and mitochondrial damage (cytochrome c (CytC) release) were evaluated. In additional series, the effect of KH176m treatment on the irreversible oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), formed during ischemia only, was determined at 30-min reperfusion.

Results

During baseline conditions, both drugs reduced cardiac performance, with opposing effects on vascular resistance (increased with KH176m, decreased with MPG). For short ischemia, KH176m robustly reduced all cell death parameters: LDH release (0.2 ± 0.2 vs 0.8 ± 0.5 U/min/GWW), infarct size (15 ± 8 vs 31 ± 20%), and CytC release (168.0 ± 151.9 vs 790.8 ± 453.6 ng/min/GWW). Protection by KH176m was associated with decreased cardiac 4-HNE. MPG only reduced CytC release. Following long ischemia, IRI was doubled, and KH176m and MPG now only reduced LDH release. The reduced protection against long ischemia was associated with the inability to reduce cardiac 4-HNE.

Conclusion

Protection against cardiac IRI by the antioxidant KH176m is critically dependent on duration of ischemia. The data suggest that with longer ischemia, the capacity of KH176m to reduce cardiac oxidative stress is rate-limiting, irreversible ischemic oxidative damage maximally accumulates, and antioxidant protection is strongly diminished.
Borderline Personality Traits and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Adolescents: The Role of Implicit Theories
Authors: McLachlan Jane , Mehdikhani Mani , Larham Beth , Centifanti Luna C. Muñoz
Published: April 2021

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is associated with emotion dysregulation. The emotion regulation strategies people adopt may depend on one’s belief about emotion as either fixed or changeable (termed “implicit theory”). We test this experimentally by modifying beliefs about emotions using virtual reality (VR). A sample of 29 adolescents (ages 14–17 years) were recruited from two adolescent inpatient units for an uncontrolled pilot trial of a new brief intervention. We measured BPD traits, beliefs about emotion, treatment preference, cognitive reappraisal and rumination, before the VR game and 14–31 days later. Adolescents with higher levels of BPD traits endorsed fixed beliefs of emotion and reported higher levels of rumination and lower levels of cognitive reappraisal. After a one-time message delivered via VR, adolescents evidenced an increase in belief that their emotions were changeable. These findings suggest beliefs about emotions may have an important role in interventions for adolescents with BPD traits.
Projecting climate change impacts on Mediterranean finfish production: a case study in Greece
Authors: Stavrakidis-Zachou Orestis , Lika Konstadia , Anastasiadis Panagiotis , Papandroulakis Nikos
Published: April 2021

Finfish aquaculture in the Mediterranean Sea faces increasing challenges due to climate change, while potential adaptation requires a robust assessment of the arising threats and opportunities. This paper presents an approach developed to investigate effects of climate drivers on Greek aquaculture, a representative Mediterranean country with a leading role in the sector. Using a farm level approach, dynamic energy budget models for European seabass and meagre were developed, and environmental forcing was used to simulate changes in production and farm profitability under IPCC scenarios RCP45 and RCP85. The effects of temperature and extreme weather events at the individual and farm levels were considered along with that of husbandry parameters such as stocking timing, market size, and farm location (inshore, offshore) for nine regions. The simulations suggest that at the individual level, fish may benefit from warmer temperatures in the future in terms of growth, thus reaching commercial sizes faster, while the husbandry parameters may have as large an effect on growth as the projected shifts in climatic cues. However, this benefit will be largely offset by the adverse effects of extreme weather events at the population level. Such events will be more frequent in the future and, depending on the intensity one assigns to them, they could cause losses in biomass and farm profits that range from mild to detrimental for the industry. Overall, these results provide quantification of some of the potential threats for an important aquaculture sector while suggesting possibilities to benefit from emerging opportunities. Therefore, they could contribute to improving the sector’s readiness for tackling important challenges in the future.