bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Influences on Local Species Composition
Authors: Zobel Martin , Szava‐Kovats Robert C , Pärtel Meelis
Published: February 2011

Regional influences on local species composition are considered within the context of ‘species pools’, representing sets of species that are potentially capable of coexisting in a particular community. Accumulating evidence shows that many ecological communities are not saturated with species, indicating that in addition to local biotic interactions such as predation, symbiosis and competition, regional processes such as dispersal, speciation and extinction are the important drivers of local community composition. Although current studies have been unable to reconcile completely two important difficulties – the filtering of species lists and the study of nonindependent variables – it is evident that much of the observed local variation in plant and animal diversity can be attributed to the differing sizes of species pools evolved under particular habitat conditions and to the probabilities with which the species may arrive in particular local communities.

Key Concepts:

Local species composition is the result of complex interactions of small‐scale and regional processes.

Empirical relationships between diversity at local and regional scales provide an indication of the relative roles of local processes (e.g. biotic interactions) and regional processes (e.g. dispersal, speciation) in structuring ecological communities.

Existing evidence suggests that many ecological communities are unsaturated by species and that new species may immigrate to the community by crossing dispersal barriers.

Uncertainty remains with respect to methodology. Estimation of regional species pools lacks a definitive approach; both empirical and theoretical methods exist. The interpretation of local and regional species richness suffers from unresolved statistical controversy.

More case studies are needed to overcome these problems and provide community ecology with further empirical evidence.
Genomic Rearrangements: Mutational Mechanisms
Authors: Chen Jian‐Min
Published: February 2011

Genomic rearrangements involve gross alterations of chromosomes or large chromosomal regions and can take the form of deletions, duplications, insertions, inversions or translocations. The characterisation of a considerable number of rearrangement breakpoints has now been accomplished at the nucleotide sequence level, thereby providing an invaluable resource for the detailed study of the mutational mechanisms which underlie genomic recombination events. At least five categories of mutational mechanism are known to give rise to genomic rearrangements: (i) homologous recombination including nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR), gene conversion, single strand annealing (SSA) and break‐induced replication (BIR); (ii) nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ); (iii) microhomology‐mediated replication‐dependent recombination (MMRDR); (iv) long interspersed element 1 (LINE‐1 or L1)‐mediated retrotransposition and (v) telomere healing. We compare and contrast the hallmark characteristics of the first three mutational mechanisms and discuss the recent developments with respect to the ratio of deletions to duplications

in vivo

.

Key Concepts:

Genomic rearrangements refer to changes in the genetic linkage relationship of discrete chromosomal fragments, involving deletions, duplications, insertions, inversions or translocations.

At least five categories of mutational mechanism can give rise to genomic rearrangements: homologous recombination, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), microhomology‐mediated replication‐dependent recombination (MMRDR), long interspersed element 1 (LINE‐1 or L1)‐mediated retrotransposition, and telomere healing.

Homologous recombination, one of the major pathways for the repair of double‐strand breaks, is mediated through sequences which exhibit considerable homology (generally >200 bp) that presumably serves to stabilise chromosomal mispairing.

Homologous recombination can be further subdivided into four pathways, namely, nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR), gene conversion, break‐induced replication (BIR) and single‐strand annealing (SSA).

NHEJ involves simple ligation of any two broken DNA ends together. It is the most prominent DNA repair mechanism because it can occur at any time during the cell cycle and does not require a homologous sequence.

Replication‐based models such as serial replication slippage and microhomology‐mediated BIR have been increasingly used to account for the generation of gross genomic rearrangements.

The term ‘MMRDR’ was thought to best define the hallmark characteristics of the aforementioned replication‐based mutational mechanisms as compared with homologous recombination and NHEJ.

A deletion:duplication ratio of between 2 and 3 is likely to represent the best estimate of the relative occurrence of deletion and duplication copy number mutations
in vivo
.
Multistate System Reliability
Authors: Natvig Bent
Published: February 2011

One inherent weakness of traditional reliability theory is that the system and the components are always described just as functioning or failed. The first attempts to replace this by a theory for multistate systems of multistate components were done in the late 1970s. By the mid‐1980s, the basic theory in this area was established. Proper definitions of a multistate monotone system and of multistate coherent systems, and also of minimal path and cut vectors were given. Furthermore, upper and lower bounds for the availabilities and unavailabilities, to any level, in a fixed time interval were arrived at for multistate monotone systems based on corresponding information on the multistate components. These were assumed to be maintained and interdependent. Such bounds are of great interest when trying to predict the performance process of the system, noting that exact expressions are obtainable just for trivial systems. Recently, probabilistic modeling of partial monitoring of components with applications to preventive system maintenance has been extended to multistate monotone systems. A series of applications of multistate reliability theory have been suggested during the past years. This theory enables one in an electrical power generation system, for instance, to let the system state be the amount of power generated, or, in an offshore gas pipeline network, the amount of gas actually delivered.
Gold Catalysis: Alkyl Migration in the Addition of Alcohols to Nitriles
Authors: Ibrahim Nada , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Rominger Frank
Published: February 2011

Benzhydroles and nitriles upon gold‐catalysed conversion deliver symmetrical ethers and/or N‐substituted carboxylic amides. While with most phosphane ligands tested, the dominating product is always the ether, with the trimesitylene ligand the amides are the major products. The reaction conditions are much milder than those reported previously. Mechanistic control experiments with a chiral alcohol prove the intermediacy of carbenium ions, further studies with not readily ionisable alcohols indicate that for the benzhydroles the carbenium ions and gold(I)‐hydroxy complexes are intermediates.
Study on the flame‐retarded poly(methyl methacrylate) by triphenylphosphate and nano‐poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) spheres
Authors: Wang Xinlong , Wu Lianghu , Li Jin
Published: February 2011

The flame‐retarded systems consisting of triphenylphosphate (TPP) and nano‐poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) spheres (nano‐PPSQ) for poly(methyl methacrylate) are reported. The flame‐retarded effects were studied by a cone calorimeter test and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that when a part of TPP was substituted with nano‐PPSQ, the values of the peak heat release rate of the samples are reduced. The burnt resides were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectra, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results provide evidences that nano‐PPSQ can efficiently promote the formation of more dense and compact charred layers composed of varying amounts of graphite and amorphous carbon. The possible mechanisms were discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30:33–40, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20205
Polyester‐based nanocomposite fibers: A preliminary investigation on structure, morphology, and mechanical properties
Authors: Acierno D. , Lavorgna M. , Piscitelli F. , Russo P. , Spena P.
Published: February 2011

Melt‐spun fibers produced from poly(butylene terephthalate) and containing very small amounts of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been investigated. Preliminary studies have been carried out on fibers produced at low draw ratio. The additive contents (≤ 1% by weight) and process conditions for the production of fibers have been optimized to obtain a satisfactory level of MWNTs dispersion for all systems, as confirmed by electron microscopy observations. Structural investigations performed on fibers with varying content and aspect ratio of nanotubes made it possible to relate the observed changes in properties, such as dynamic mechanical behavior and mechanical properties, to the crystalline structure of the polymer in terms of size, main distance between the crystalline lamellae, and orientation. The results have revealed unexpectedly large increase in elongation at break‐in fibres containing MWNTs, even though these exhibited a slight increase in the stiffness of the fibers. This effect has been attributed to structural changes and has also been found to affect the nanotubes' external diameter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30:41–50, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20206
Why do capuchin monkeys urine wash? An experimental test of the sexual communication hypothesis using fMRI
Authors: Phillips Kimberley A. , Buzzell Courtney A. , Holder Nicholas , Sherwood Chet C.
Published: February 2011

Urine washing (UW) consists of depositing urine on the hands and vigorously rubbing the body. As urine contains chemical and pheromonal cues, UW may convey socially relevant information. Although ritualized UW is observed in many New World primates, including capuchin monkeys, the functional significance of UW remains unclear. In this experiment, we investigated the social signaling hypothesis of UW. Specifically, we hypothesized that UW by males conveys socially relevant signals that females can detect. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test whether adult female capuchins show differential brain activation in response to adult male and juvenile male capuchin urine. We expected to see changes in activation of structures involved in olfactory processing, including the piriform cortex, medial preoptic and anterior hypothesis, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Data were acquired from four adult female capuchin monkeys. Presentations of odor stimuli (obtained from unfamiliar males) were made during fMRI acquisition using a standard ON‐OFF design. All fMRI data were spatially normalized to a template and analyzed using the FMRI Expert Analysis Tool Version 5.98, part of the FMRIB's Software Library (www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl). Whole brain analyses revealed significant activations in the inferior temporal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, precuneus, hippocampus, pulvinar, and cerebellum when females were presented with the adult male urine. Notably, significantly greater signal activation was observed in several regions associated with olfactory processing, when subjects were presented with adult male urine as compared with urine from juvenile males. Our results indicate that UW serves a social communicative function in capuchins, providing support for the sexual signaling hypothesis. Am. J. Primatol. 73:578‐584, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sorption of textile dye from aqueous solution by macroporous amino‐functionalized copolymer
Authors: Sandić Zvjezdana P. , Nastasović Aleksandra B. , Jović‐Jovičić Nataša P. , Milutinović‐Nikolić Aleksandra D. , Jovanović Dušan M.
Published: February 2011

Macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PGME) was synthesized by suspension copolymerization and functionalized with diethylene triamine (PGME‐deta). The effect of pH, contact time, and sorbent mass on sorption efficiency of initial and functionalized copolymer sample for removal of Acid Orange 10 dye from aqueous solutions was studied. No dye was sorbed by nonfunctionalized copolymer, indicating that sorption of Acid Orange 10 by PGME‐deta is specific, through amino groups. The isotherm data are best fitted by Langmuir model, indicating homogeneous distribution of active sites in PGME‐deta as well as monolayer sorption. Sorption kinetics study showed that the sorption of Acid Orange 10 by PGME‐deta obeys the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. It was shown that PGME‐deta selectively sorbs Acid Orange 10 from binary solution with Bezaktiv Rot reactive dye. The comparison of sorption characteristics of PGME‐deta with activated carbon showed that this functionalized copolymer might be used as an alternative sorbent for textile dyes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The pH‐responsive cycloterpolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride, 3‐(N,N‐diallylammonio)propanesulfonate, and sulfur dioxide
Authors: Abu‐Thabit N. Y. , Al‐Muallem H. A. , Ali S. Asrof
Published: February 2011

The cycloterpolymerizations of diallyldimethylammonium chloride, 3‐(N,N‐diallylammonio)propanesulfonate, and sulfur dioxide afforded a series of pH‐responsive cycloterpolymers in excellent yields. The solution properties of these ionic polymers were controlled by the composition of the monomeric units; exhibiting dominance either in polyzwitterionic or cationic character. The unquenched valency of nitrogen in the monomeric units of the sulfobetaine zwitterions has permitted these cationic/zwitterionic polymers to be converted into a series of polyampholytes with a charge asymmetry arising out of excess of either the cationic or anionic centers. The water‐solubility of these polymers, upon low‐ and high‐salt (NaCl) additions has been investigated to provide critical solution concentrations to promote water‐insolubility and ‐solubility. A series of associating polymers of the above two monomers and SO2 with a hydrophobic incorporation of 3–7 mol % of diallyloctadecylammonium chloride has also been synthesized. The solubility and viscosity of the hydrophobically modified polymers in the polyampholytic form were increased considerably in the presence of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Degradation of the crocodile population in the Olifants River Gorge of Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: Ferreira Sam M. , Pienaar Danie
Published: February 2011

Top predators such as crocodiles often reflect ecosystem degradation. The recent spate of close to 200 Nile crocodile deaths may reflect the ecosystem state of the Olifants–Letaba River system in the Kruger National Park. This paper investigates whether the crocodile deaths were indeed the consequence of a rare and perhaps acute event given the variability in annual population growth rates of crocodilians.

Spotlight‐ and helicopter‐based surveys designed to correct for availability and detectability bias were used to estimate population sizes of crocodiles from 2008 to 2010 in and around the Olifants River Gorge, the focal area of crocodile deaths.

Correction factors derived from individually observed crocodiles for both spotlight‐ and helicopter‐based counts were lower than those typically used for Nile crocodiles as well as other crocodile species. Even so, corrected spotlight‐ and helicopter‐based estimates were comparable and the number of crocodiles in the focal study area declined significantly from 780 (95% CI: 637–1222) to between 460 (spotlight estimate, 95% CI 375–665) and 505 (aerial estimate, 95% CI: 559–1746) during the period of crocodile deaths. The average annual decline of 35% was at the lower end of the distribution of annual population growth rates across the rivers of Kruger National Park.

The crocodile deaths reflect a possible rare event that suggests a degraded crocodile population, possibly the consequences of broad‐scale cascades of environmental deterioration of the Olifants–Letaba River system.

Even so, the potential risk of local demise of the population in the focal study area in the short term may be diminished through evolutionary, demographic and spatial resilience inherent within crocodiles that can accommodate the as yet unknown disease dynamics of pansteatitis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
S100A8 enhances osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro through activation of Toll‐like receptor 4: Implications for bone destruction in murine antigen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Grevers Lilyanne C. , de Vries Teun J. , Vogl Thomas , Abdollahi‐Roodsaz Shahla , Sloetjes Annet W. , Leenen Pieter J. M. , Roth Johannes , Everts Vincent , van den Berg Wim B. , van Lent Peter L. E. M.
Published: February 2011

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis, which is associated with elevated levels of S100A8 and S100A9, is characterized by severe bone erosions caused by enhanced osteoclast formation and activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of S100A8 and S100A9 in osteoclastic bone destruction in murine antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA).

Methods

Bone destruction was analyzed in the arthritic knee joints of S100A9‐deficient mice in which S100A8 protein expression was also lacking, and in wild‐type (WT) controls. Osteoclast precursors from S100A9‐deficient and WT mice were differentiated into osteoclasts in vitro. Additionally, precursors were stimulated with S100A8, S100A9, or S100A8/A9 during osteoclastogenesis. Receptor involvement was investigated using an anti–receptor for advanced glycation end products (anti‐RAGE)–blocking antibody, soluble RAGE, or Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4)–deficient osteoclast precursors. The formation of osteoclasts and actin rings, the regulation of osteoclast markers, and bone resorption were analyzed.

Results

Bone erosions and cathepsin K staining were significantly suppressed in S100A9‐deficient mice after AIA induction. However, osteoclast precursors from S100A9‐deficient mice developed normally into functional osteoclasts, which excludes a role for intrinsic S100A8/A9. In contrast to the results observed with S100A9 and S100A8/A9, the addition of S100A8 during osteoclastogenesis resulted in stimulation of osteoclast formation in conjunction with enhanced actin ring formation and increased bone resorption. Analysis of the putative receptor for S100A8 in osteoclastogenesis revealed that osteoclast differentiation and function could not be inhibited by blocking RAGE, whereas the increase in osteoclast numbers and enhanced bone resorption were completely abrogated using TLR‐4–deficient osteoclast precursors.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that S100A8 stimulated osteoclast formation and activity and suggest that both S100A8 and TLR‐4 are important factors in mediating osteoclastic bone destruction in experimental arthritis.
Design and stability analysis of a variable structure adaptive backstepping controller
Authors: Queiroz Kurios , Araujo Aldayr , Dias Samaherni
Published: February 2011

This paper presents the design and stability analysis of a Variable Structure Adaptive Backstepping Controller (VS‐ABC) for linear plants with relative degree one, using only input/output measurements. Instead of traditional integral adaptive laws for estimating the plant parameters, switching laws are proposed to increase robustness to parametric uncertainties and disturbances, as well as to improve transient response. Moreover, the controller design is more intuitive when compared with the original adaptive backstepping controller, since the relay amplitudes are related to the plant nominal parameters and their respective uncertainties. Simplified algorithm versions are also presented, named Compact and Relay VS‐ABC, which reduce the practical implementation complexity, and encourage applications in industrial environments.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Leveraging external knowledge on molecular interactions in classification methods for risk prediction of patients
Authors: Porzelius Christine , Johannes Marc , Binder Harald , Beißbarth Tim
Published: February 2011

Classification of patients based on molecular markers, for example into different risk groups, is a modern field in medical research. The aim of this classification is often a better diagnosis or individualized therapy. The search for molecular markers often utilizes extremely high‐dimensional data sets (e.g. gene‐expression microarrays). However, in situations where the number of measured markers (genes) is intrinsically higher than the number of available patients, standard methods from statistical learning fail to deal correctly with this so‐called “curse of dimensionality”. Also feature or dimension reduction techniques based on statistical models promise only limited success. Several recent methods explore ideas of how to quantify and incorporate biological prior knowledge of molecular interactions and known cellular processes into the feature selection process. This article aims to give an overview of such current methods as well as the databases, where this external knowledge can be obtained from. For illustration, two recent methods are compared in detail, a feature selection approach for support vector machines as well as a boosting approach for regression models. As a practical example, data on patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are considered, where the binary endpoint “relapse within first year” should be predicted.
Study of robustness of filamentous bacteriophages for industrial applications
Authors: Branston Steven , Stanley Emma , Ward John , Keshavarz‐Moore Eli
Published: February 2011

The development of a whole new class of industrial agents, such as biologically based nanomaterials and viral vectors, has raised many challenges for their large‐scale manufacture, principally due to the lack of essential physical data and bioprocessing knowledge. A new example is the promise of filamentous bacteriophages and their derivatives. As a result, there is now an increasing need for the establishment of strong biochemical engineering foundations to serve as a guide for future manufacture. This article investigates the effect of high‐energy fluid flow on filamentous bacteriophage M13 to determine its robustness for large‐scale processing. By the application of well‐understood ultra scale‐down predictive techniques, the viability of bacteriophage M13 was studied as a measure of its robustness and as a function of energy dissipation rate and fluid conditions. These experiments suggested that despite being perceived as a relatively fragile molecule in the literature, bacteriophage M13 should tolerate processing conditions in existing large‐scale equipment designs. No loss of viability was noted up to a maximum energy dissipation rate of 2.9 × 106 W kg−1. Furthermore, significant losses above this threshold only occurred over periods well in excess of the exposure times expected in a bioprocess environment. Filamentous bacteriophages may therefore be regarded as a viable process material for industrial applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1468–1472. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assay Development: Fundamentals and Practices. By Ge Wu.
Authors: Swarnakar Snehasikta , Dhar Tarun K.
Published: February 2011

Wiley, Hoboken 2010, XX+425 pp., hardcover $ 139.95.—ISBN 978‐0‐470‐19115‐6
One stop shopping: feature selection, classification and prediction in a single step
Authors: Lavine Barry K. , Nuguru Kadambari , Mirjankar Nikhil
Published: February 2011

We report on the application of a genetic algorithm (GA) for pattern recognition that uses both supervised and transverse learning to mine spectroscopic and proteomic data. The pattern recognition GA selects features that optimize the separation of the classes in a plot of the two or three largest principal components of the data. For training sets with small amounts of labeled data (i.e. data points tagged with a class label) and large amounts of unlabeled data (i.e. data points that are not tagged with a class label), this approach is preferred, as our results show, information in the unlabeled data is used by the fitness function to guide feature selection. The advantages of incorporating transverse learning into the fitness function of the pattern recognition GA have been evaluated in two recently published studies by our group. In one study, Raman spectroscopy and the pattern recognition GA were used to develop a potential method to discriminate hardwoods, softwoods and tropical woods. In a second study, biopsy material of small round blue cell tumors analyzed by cDNA microarrays was identified as to type (Ewings sarcoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma) through supervised learning implemented by the pattern recognition GA. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C5‐Functionalized DNA, LNA, and α‐L‐LNA: Positional Control of Polarity‐Sensitive Fluorophores Leads to Improved SNP‐Typing
Authors: Østergaard Michael E. , Kumar Pawan , Baral Bharat , Guenther Dale C. , Anderson Brooke A. , Ytreberg F. Marty , Deobald Lee , Paszczynski Andrzej J. , Sharma Pawan K. , Hrdlicka Patrick J.
Published: February 2011

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important markers in disease genetics and pharmacogenomic studies. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ONs) modified with 5‐[3‐(1‐pyrenecarboxamido)propynyl]‐2′‐deoxyuridine monomer X enable detection of SNPs at non‐stringent conditions due to differential fluorescence emission of matched versus mismatched nucleic acid duplexes. Herein, the thermal denaturation and optical spectroscopic characteristics of monomer X are compared to the corresponding locked nucleic acid (LNA) and α‐L‐LNA monomers Y and Z. ONs modified with monomers Y or Z result in a) larger increases in fluorescence intensity upon hybridization to complementary DNA, b) formation of more brightly fluorescent duplexes due to markedly larger fluorescence emission quantum yields (ΦF=0.44–0.80) and pyrene extinction coefficients, and c) improved optical discrimination of SNPs in DNA targets. Optical spectroscopy studies suggest that the nucleobase moieties of monomers X–Z adopt anti and syn conformations upon hybridization with matched and mismatched targets, respectively. The polarity‐sensitive 1‐pyrenecarboxamido fluorophore is, thereby, either positioned in the polar major groove or in the hydrophobic duplex core close to quenching nucleobases. Calculations suggest that the bicyclic skeletons of LNA and α‐L‐LNA monomers Y and Z influence the glycosidic torsional angle profile leading to altered positional control and photophysical properties of the C5‐fluorophore.
CH Activation on Aluminum–Vanadium Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Anions
Authors: Wang Zhe‐Chen , Wu Xiao‐Nan , Zhao Yan‐Xia , Ma Jia‐Bi , Ding Xun‐Lei , He Sheng‐Gui
Published: February 2011

Aluminum–vanadium bimetallic oxide cluster anions (BMOCAs) have been prepared by laser ablation and reacted with ethane and n‐butane in a fast‐flow reactor. A time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer was used to detect the cluster distribution before and after the reactions. The observation of hydrogen‐containing products AlVO5H− and AlxV4−xO11−xH− (x=1–3) strongly suggests that AlVO5− and AlxV4−xO11−x− (x=1–3) can react with ethane and n‐butane by means of an oxidative dehydrogenation process at room temperature. Density functional theory studies have been carried out to investigate the structural, bonding, electronic, and reactive properties of these BMOCAs. Terminal‐oxygen‐centered radicals (Ot.) were found in all of the reactive clusters, and the Ot. atoms, which prefer to be bonded with Al rather than V atoms, are the active sites of these clusters. All the hydrogen‐abstraction reactions are favorable both thermodynamically and kinetically. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of hydrogen‐atom abstraction by BMOCAs and may shed light on understanding the mechanisms of CH activation on the surface of alumina‐supported vanadia catalysts.
Synthesis of Dodecavalent Fullerene‐Based Glycoclusters and Evaluation of Their Binding Properties towards a Bacterial Lectin
Authors: Cecioni Samy , Oerthel Vincent , Iehl Julien , Holler Michel , Goyard David , Praly Jean‐Pierre , Imberty Anne , Nierengarten Jean‐François , Vidal Sébastien
Published: February 2011

Multivalency is playing a major role in biological processes and particularly in lectin–carbohydrate interactions. The design of high‐affinity ligands of lectins should provide molecules capable of interfering with these biological processes and potentially inhibit bacterial or viral infections. Azide–alkyne “click” chemistry was applied to the synthesis of dodecavalent fullerene‐based glycoclusters. The conjugation could be efficiently performed from alkyne or azide functions on either partners (i.e. hexakis‐fullerene adduct or glycoside). PA‐IL is a bacterial lectin from the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is involved in the recognition of glycoconjugates on human tissues. The glycoclusters obtained were evaluated as ligands of PA‐IL and for their potential for competing with its binding to glycosylated surfaces. The affinities measured by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA), enzyme‐linked lectin assay (ELLA), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) displayed a significant “glycoside cluster effect” with up to a 12 000‐fold increase in binding when comparing a monovalent carbohydrate reference probe with a dodecavalent fullerene‐based glycocluster, albeit with some differences depending on the analytical technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure Determination of In3TeO3F7: An Indium Oxyfluorotellurate IV Derived from W Bronze Structure with Te4+ in Hexagonal Tunnels.
Authors: Jennene Boukharrata N. , Laval J. P.
Published: February 2011

The new title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of InF3, In2O3, and TeO2 (Pt tube, 963 K, 4 d) and its structure is determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Ab initio Structure Determination of the New Ion Conductor K2Al2O3F2 from Powder Diffraction Data.
Authors: Kubel Frank , Fleig Juergen , Pantazi Mariana , Januschewsky Judith
Published: February 2011

The title compound is prepared by reaction of Al(OH)3 and KF powders (Pt crucible, 800 °C, 18 h; 96 wt.% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Characterization of Two New Selenides Ba5Al2Se8 and Ba5Ga2Se8.
Authors: Mei Dajiang , Yin Wenlong , Lin Zheshuai , He Ran , Yao Jiyong , Fu Peizhen , Wu Yicheng
Published: February 2011

The new title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of 1:5 mixtures of M2Se3 (M: Al, Ga) and BaSe (silica tubes, Ar, 950 °C, 72 h) and their structures are determined by single crystal (M: Ga) or powder XRD (M: Al).
ChemInform Abstract: Ln4B4O11F2 (Ln: Eu, Dy): New Phases Isotypic to the Fluoride Borate Gd4B4O11F2
Authors: Pitscheider Almut , Enders Michael , Huppertz Hubert
Published: February 2011

The title compounds are prepared in a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus from mixtures of Ln2O3 (Ln: Eu, Dy), LnF3, and B2O3 (5 GPa, 900 °C for the Eu‐compound and 8 GPa, 1000 °C for the Dy compound, 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of a Novel Three‐Hindered Quadrant Bisphosphine Ligand and Its Application in Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Huang Kexuan , Zhang Xiaowei , Emge Thomas J. , Hou Guohua , Cao Bonan , Zhang Xumu
Published: February 2011

The title bisphosphine appears to be a practical ligand in Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation reactions of functionalized olefins furnishing the products in excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Immobilized Piperazine: A Sustainable Organocatalyst for Aldol and Knoevenagel Reactions.
Authors: Shanmuganathan Saravanakumar , Greiner Lasse , Dominguez de Maria Pablo
Published: February 2011

The use of commercially available SIP is investigated for the cross condensation of aromatic aldehydes with acetone and for the Knoevenagel condensation of salicylaldehyde with diethyl malonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Enhancement Effect of Potassium tert‐Butoxide/THF Solution in Base‐Induced Sommelet—Hauser Rearrangements.
Authors: Tayama Eiji , Takedachi Keisuke , Iwamoto Hajime , Hasegawa Eietsu
Published: February 2011

The rearrangement of (benzylammoniomethyl)esters of type (I) under the title conditions affords α‐aryl‐α‐amino acid derivatives (II) and generally only minor amounts of the [1,2] Stevens rearrangement products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient CuCl‐Catalyzed Selective and Direct Oxidation of β‐ and γ‐Substituted Aliphatic Primary Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Mannam Sreedevi , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: February 2011

This is the first report of a ligand‐ and additive‐free copper‐catalyzed direct and selective oxidation of unactivated substituted aliphatic primary alcohols to carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Fluoro Acetals and α‐Fluoro Ketones from Alkynes.
Authors: de Haro Teresa , Nevado Cristina
Published: February 2011

Alkynes are selectively transformed into α‐fluoro acetals (III) and α‐fluoro ketones (IV) in the presence of alcohols and Selectfluor as a stoichiometric source of fluorine, and catalytic amounts of gold.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient N‐Arylation Catalyzed by a Copper(I) Pyrazolyl‐Nicotinic Acid System.
Authors: Liu Hai‐Yang , Yu Zhen‐Tao , Yuan Yong‐Jun , Yu Tao , Zou Zhi‐Gang
Published: February 2011

The in situ generated copper complex efficiently promotes the N‐arylation of pyrazoles and imidazole with aryl/pyridyl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Metal‐Free Electrophilic 5‐endo‐Selective Iodocarbocyclization of 1,5‐Enynes.
Authors: Pradal Alexandre , Nasr Alexandre , Toullec Patrick Y. , Michelet Veronique
Published: February 2011

It is demonstrated, that functionalized 1,5‐enynes can be cyclized under mild conditions in the presence of NIS to form 1‐iodocyclopentenes structures through an unprecedented 5‐endo process.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Zinc‐Catalyzed Amine N‐Formylation.
Authors: Kim Joong‐Gon , Jang Doo Ok
Published: February 2011

An efficient and chemoselective method for the formylation of amines is presented which uses activated zinc as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Trypsin‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Chai She‐Jie , Lai Yi‐Feng , Zheng Hui , Zhang Peng‐Fei
Published: February 2011

The biocatalyst renders possible the formation of β‐amino ketones in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Trimethylaluminum‐Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis of Functional Heteroaromatic and Carbocyclic Trifluoroethylamines.
Authors: Allendoerfer Nadine , Sudau Alexander , Braese Stefan
Published: February 2011

The new method includes the generation of a trifluoromethyl‐ketimine from corresponding (hetero)aryl trifluoromethyl ketones and an aniline derivative.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylated Amines from α‐Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Xu Jian , Liu Zhen‐Jiang , Yang Xian‐Jin , Wang Li‐Min , Chen Guan‐Long , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: February 2011

Reaction of α‐trifluoromethyl ketones with optically active sulfinamide (II) generates the corresponding ketimines which are subsequently reduced to give α‐trifluoromethyl amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Wet SiO2 as a Suitable Media for Fast and Efficient Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds with NaBH3CN under Solvent‐Free and Acid‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Kouhkan Mehri , Zeynizadeh Behzad
Published: February 2011

The system wet SiO2/NaBH3CN is shown to be an efficient catalyst for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohols under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Oxidation of Alcohols by Iron(III)‐Schiff Base‐Triphenylphosphine Complexes.
Authors: Rani Sandya , Bhat Badekai Ramachandra
Published: February 2011

The iron complexes (I) are found to be useful catalysts for the title process.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Addition of α‐Ketoamides to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Basle Olivier , Raimondi Wilfried , Sanchez Duque Maria del Mar , Bonne Damien , Constantieux Thierry , Rodriguez Jean
Published: February 2011

The method furnishes Michael adducts with high anti selectivity (<90% d.e.) and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Monomeric Vanadium Catalyst for Dehydration of Amides to Form Nitriles.
Authors: Sueoka Shoichiro , Mitsudome Takato , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: February 2011

A monomeric vanadium oxide species is created on the surface of hydrotalcite.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for Thiomethylation of Phenols.
Authors: Bugaev I. M. , Prosenko A. E.
Published: February 2011

Alkyl diethylaminomethyl sulfides (II) are convenient and efficient reagents for the introduction of alkylthiomethyl groups into phenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive ortho‐Arylation: Evidence for the Decomposition of 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane and Subsequent Arylpalladium(II) Reduction.
Authors: Martins Andrew , Candito David A. , Lautens Mark
Published: February 2011

The title reaction is highly suitable for the synthesis of meta‐substituted biaryls.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of Functionalized 1,3‐Diarylisobenzofurans via Palladium‐ and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Boronic Acids with o‐Acylbenzaldehydes under Thermal or Microwave Activation.
Authors: Jacq Jerome , Bessieres Bernard , Einhorn Cathy , Einhorn Jacques
Published: February 2011

In most cases, the reaction under microwave‐assisted conditions provides much higher yields of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzofurans from Acetophenones by Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Kumar T. S. S. P. N. S. Sanath , Krupadanam G. L. David , Kumar K. Akshaya , Gourishankar Ch.
Published: February 2011

The compounds (IV) and (VI) are tested for their activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: A Remarkable Cyclization of TADDOL‐Bisthioacetate under Oxidative Conditions.
Authors: Waser Mario , Haunschmidt Manuela , Himmelsbach Markus
Published: February 2011

Attempted oxidation of the TADDOL‐derived bisthioacetate (III) results in an unexpected cyclization and deprotection reaction giving the thiolane‐1,1‐dioxide (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Aminomethyl‐N‐tosyl‐indazoles.
Authors: Kylmaelae Tuula , Haemaelaeinen Antti , Kuuloja Noora , Tois Jan , Franzen Robert
Published: February 2011

In situ generation of vinyl azines [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and General One‐Pot Reduction and Cyclization of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic 2‐Nitroamines to Bicyclic 2H‐Imidazoles.
Authors: Hanan Emily J. , Chan Bryan K. , Estrada Anthony A. , Shore Daniel G. , Lyssikatos Joseph P.
Published: February 2011

Optimized conditions allow the reductive cyclization of various aromatic substrates bearing a wide range of functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide: A Novel and Efficient Catalyst for Facile Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazole Derivatives (III).
Authors: Safari Javad , Khalili Shiva Dehghan , Rezaei Mehran , Banitaba Sayed Hossein , Meshkani Fereshteh
Published: February 2011

via three‐component, one‐pot condensation of 1,2‐diketones (I), aryl aldehydes and ammonium acetate
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aldehyde‐Derived Hydrazones: Practical Synthesis of Triazolopyridines and Related Heterocycles.
Authors: Thiel Oliver R. , Achmatowicz Michal M. , Reichelt Andreas , Larsen Robert D.
Published: February 2011

Mild and selective coupling of 2‐chloropyridines with arylhydrazones, followed by oxidation of the resulting hydrazono pyridines offers an efficient entry to triazolopyridines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Excellent Protocol for the Synthesis of Benzopyrans Using Basic Resin under MWI.
Authors: Tripathi A. K. , Koul S. , Taneja Subhash C.
Published: February 2011

The reaction is conducted under solvent‐free and mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulations of Arynes with 2‐(2‐Iodophenoxy)‐1‐substituted Ethanones.
Authors: Li Rong‐Jiang , Pi Shao‐Feng , Liang Yun , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Song Ren‐Jie , Chen Guo‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: February 2011

The title reaction offers a mild and efficient method for the synthesis of 6H‐benzo[c]chromenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pentacyclic Chromophores Through a Highly Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Cascade Process.
Authors: Chamas Zein el abidine , Dietz Olivier , Aubert Emmanuel , Fort Yves , Mamane Victor
Published: February 2011

Four new bonds and two stereocenters are formed selectively in one step.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed Annulation of Enals to Tethered Dienones: Efficient Synthesis of Bicyclic Dienes.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Vellalath Sreekumar , Babu Beneesh P. , Varghese Vimal , Paul Rony Rajan , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: February 2011

The reaction is applied to a variety of diarylidene cyclohexanones and their piperidone analogues to afford diastereomerically pure products.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐Magnesiated 1,3,5‐Triazines via an Iodine—Magnesium Exchange.
Authors: Peng Zhihua , Haag Benjamin A. , Knochel Paul
Published: February 2011

A variety of fully substituted 1,3,5‐triazines is prepared via reaction of the magnesiated or zincated derivatives, trapped with various electrophilic reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 2‐Phenylimino‐3‐aryl‐4‐S‐benzyl‐6‐hepta‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐lactosylimino ‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,5‐thiadiazine Hydrochlorides.
Authors: Agrawal P. T. , Deshmukh S. P.
Published: February 2011

All synthesized compounds (III) are screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Phenyl Ether Type Biflavonoids, Zizyflavosides A and B with Biomimetic Synthesis for Zizyflavoside A.
Authors: Mostafa Mahmoud , Takano Fumihide , Ohta Tomihisa
Published: February 2011

Eight flavonoids are isolated from the plant zizyphus spina‐christi.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Electronic Structure of Early Transition Metal Oxide Clusters: Molecular Models Towards Mechanistic Insights into Oxide Surfaces and Catalysis
Authors: Zhai Hua‐Jin , Wang Lai‐Sheng
Published: February 2011

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Grignard Reagents in Kumada Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Adrio Javier , Carretero Juan C.
Published: February 2011

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendrimers as Nanoreactors: Catalytic Dendrimers
Authors: Rasmussen Brian , Christensen Joern B.
Published: February 2011

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium Cations in Organic Chemistry: From Chemzymes to Supramolecular Building Blocks
Authors: Noujeim Nadim , Leclercq Loic , Schmitzer Andreea R.
Published: February 2011

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes Covalently Linked to β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Woggon W.‐D.
Published: February 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanoassisted Supramolecular Catalysis in Solid State Synthesis
Authors: Ma Da‐You , Waernmark Kenneth
Published: February 2011

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Overcoming Limitation in the Design of Selective Solid Catalysts by Manipulating Shape and Size of Catalytic Particles: Epoxidation Reactions on Silver
Authors: Linic Suljo , Christopher Phillip
Published: February 2011

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Porphyrin (Porphine) — A Neglected Parent Compound with Potential
Authors: Senge Mathias O. , Davis Mia
Published: February 2011

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Enantiomerically Enriched α‐Aminoorganostannanes and Their Applications in Stereoselective Synthesis
Authors: Coeffard Vincent , Beaudet Isabelle , Quintard Jean‐Paul , Le Grognec Erwan
Published: February 2011

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Absolute Configuration of Natural Products: Theoretical Calculation of Electronic Circular Dichroism as a Tool
Authors: Li Xing‐Cong , Ferreira Daneel , Ding Yuanqing
Published: February 2011

Review: 97 refs.
Modified correlations for the first and second critical rotor speeds, as well as break up probability in a rotary disc contactor
Authors: Molavi Hoda , Hosseinpour Sima , Bahmanyar Hossein , Niasar Mojtaba Shariaty
Published: February 2011

A rotary disc contactor with 9.1 cm inner diameter and 28 compartments has been used to investigate the effect of continuous phase height on the first and second critical rotor speeds, as well as breakage probability by using 12 different chemical systems, in case of mass transfer and no mass transfer. Three modified correlations have been proposed to predict the first and second critical rotor speeds as well as break up probability by considering physical properties, drop size, and continuous phase height. Furthermore, estimated results of the proposed correlations were compared to the randomly selected literature data.
The association of red blood cell parameters with mortality in a population of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Michel Brian E.
Published: February 2011

BBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The targeting of higher hemoglobin levels leads to increased cardiovascular events in patients with renal disease. This study is an attempt to discover if changes in red blood cell parameters are induced by erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents, and whether these changes are associated with mortality.

METHODS

A retrospective study of patients on hemodialysis at two dialysis units operated by Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Camden, N.J., evaluating the effect of dosage of epoetin alfa on red blood cell parameters and the relationship of these parameters with all cause mortality over the course of one year.

RESULTS

Dosage of epoetin alfa was related to red blood cell distribution width and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in a statistically significant manner. Red blood cell distribution width was significantly lower in one year survivors. Quintile analysis demonstrated a relationship between red blood cell distribution width and iron saturation with one year survival. Low MCHC is a powerful predictor of short term mortality.

CONCLUSION

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell distribution width are influenced by high doses of epoetin alfa. This study should serve to stimulate further investigation of the predictive role of red blood cell parameters in mortality in patients with renal disease and anemia treated with erythropoiesis stimulating agents, in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of increased cardiovascular events in patients targeted to higher hemoglobin levels. Dial. Transplant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulation of hub mRNA stability and translation by miR430 and the dead end protein promotes preferential expression in zebrafish primordial germ cells
Authors: Mickoleit Michaela , Banisch Torsten U. , Raz Erez
Published: February 2011

The Hu proteins are RNA‐binding proteins known to be involved in various aspects of RNA metabolism, such as nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling, translation, and stability. These proteins are predominantly expressed in neuronal tissues and are important for neuronal differentiation and plasticity. Here, we report on the regulation over hub mRNA stability and function in zebrafish embryos. Using reporters encoding for fluorescent proteins, we show that hub RNA is a target of global miRNA‐mediated repression, while the RNA‐binding protein Dead end (Dnd) contributes to maintenance of the expression in the primordial germ cells (PGCs). Developmental Dynamics 240:695–703, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.