bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural, Conductivity, and Dielectric Properties of Nickel Oxide and Copper (Cu) or Chromium (Cr) Doped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Bashal Ali , Baset Tarob A Abdel , Abboudi Mostafa , Qasem Hamza , Al-Wadaani Fahd
Published: April 2021

In this study, NiO NPs and doped NiO NPs were prepared in a two-step process and they were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption desorption. X-ray diffraction outcome clarified that all the patterns present the similar peaks that are attributed to the cubic variety of the NiO and all doping metals could be inserted into the NiO structure. TEM result showed that the NiO NPs are assembled side by side and aligned along the same direction to form small array shaped nano-agglomerates of 500 nm in length and 50–70 nm in diameter. Adsorption-desorption isotherms for N2 showed that NiO NPs represents type IV isotherms containing a hysteresis loop at relative pressure between 0.5 and 1.0. Hysteresis loop’s shape was of H2 type which is characteristic of inckbottle shaped pores. It was also in the shape of solids composed by small spherical particles. The dielectric properties and electrical conductivity for these samples were also studied within the temperature range 25oC – 110oC and within the frequency range 100 Hz to 0.3 MHz.
Antibiotic-resistant profile and the factors affecting the intravenous antibiotic treatment course of generalized Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Jiangyi , Cao Junya , Zhang Xinyue , Lai Yun , Li Longnian , Ye Xiaoying , You Cong
Published: April 2021

Background: Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) is caused by a special type of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) which can produce exfoliative toxins. The generalized SSSS is recommended to be admitted and treated with intravenous antibiotics. However, there were limited reports on whether personal and clinical factors can have impacts on the duration of intravenous antibiotic application for pediatric patients with generalized SSSS.We performed a study to assess the factors affecting intravenous antibiotic treatment course of SSSS patients. Additionally, the positive culture rates of S.aureus in different samples and the antibiotic-resistant profile were investigated. Methods: 219 patients with generalized SSSS were included. Gender, age, area, season, maximum axillary temperature, white blood cell(WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, types of intravenous antibiotics, and types of external antibiotics were recorded as the baseline. Simple linear regression was applied in the univariate analysis to determine the variables with statistical significance and then these variables were further examined in multivariate linear regression model. The positive culture rates of S.aureus in different samples and the drug sensitivity results were statistically compared by Fisher’s exact test and pairwise Chi square test respectively. Results: According to the multiple linear regression, older ages (β=-0.01, p <0.05) and external application of fusidic acid (β=-1.57, p <0.05) were associated with shorter treatment course, elevated leukocytes (β=0.11, p <0.001) and CRP level (β=1.64, p <0.01) were associated with longer treatment course. The positive culture rates of periorificial (54.55%) and throat swabs (30.77%) were higher than the ones of blood samples (5.97%) (p <0.01). The resistant rates of levofloxacin (8.33%), gentamycin (8.33%), tetracycline (25%), oxacillin (8.33%), vancomycin (0%) were significantly lower than the ones of erythromycin (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (83.33%), clindamycin (91.67%), penicillin G(100%) (p <0.001).Conclusion: Elevated leukocytes and CRP level indicated prolonged intravenous antibiotic treatment course. Older ages and external application of fusidic acid helped to reduce the treatment course. Periorificial and throat swabs were useful to identify causative S.aureus. Oxacillin and vancomycin resistance was rare and clindamycin resistance was common. Clindamycin monotherapy for SSSS should be avoided.
Breeding and Evaluation of Fine Fescues for Increased Tolerance to Mesotrione Herbicide
Authors: Tate Trent M. , Bonos Stacy A. , Meyer William A.
Published: April 2021

Fine fescues (Festuca sp.) are a group of species that require fewer inputs, such as fertilizer, than other cool-season species managed for turf. They are adapted to infertile, acidic soils; shade; and drought. One area that poses additional challenges is the lack of weed control options for fine fescues during establishment from seed. Mesotrione is a herbicide that provides preemergence control of many broadleaf and grassy weeds, such as annual bluegrass (Poa annua), but is currently not labeled for use in fine fescues at seeding. The objectives of this research were 1) to use a recurrent selection technique to develop mesotrione-tolerant chewings fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. commutata), hard fescue (Festuca brevipila), and strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra spp. rubra); and 2) to conduct field trials to compare the new selections to commercially available cultivars and experimental lines not selected for tolerance to mesotrione. Progress was made after each of the three generations of recurrent selection. The top statistical grouping of entries for injury following application of mesotrione at the 8-oz/acre rate included all the third-generation (G3) hard fescues, all the G3 chewings fescues, and the G3 strong creeping red fescue STB1 Composite. After three generations, selections of hard, chewings, and strong creeping red fescues had equivalent or better tolerance to mesotrione than tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) cultivars, which are on the label for safe use at seeding. These new selections would provide turf managers an option to control weeds using mesotrione during seedling establishment of fine fescues.
Optimal tuning of a proportional controller for DC motor position control via Fibonacci Search Method
Authors: Mosconi Denis , Silva Maira Martins , Siqueira Adriano Almeida Gonçalves
Published: April 2021

One of the advantages of using DC motors is the ease of controlling their position and speed by manipulating the input voltage. To this, feedback PID-based controllers can be used. However, adjusting these controllers can be challenging and require some reasonable effort from the controller designer. This work proposes an algorithm based on the Fibonacci Search Method to determine the optimal gain of a proportional controller applied to the position control of a DC motor. The project specifications were minimum settling time with null overshoot. The results obtained showed that the proposed method is valid for determining the Kp gain according to the plant and the conditions involved. The proposed method was compared with other optimization techniques such as Golden Section, Quasi-Newton and Grey Wolf Optimization, standing out for its simplicity of implementation, low number of iterations and fast convergence.
Impurities in systems of noninteracting trapped fermions
Authors: Dean David , Le Doussal Pierre , majumdar satya , Schehr Gregory
Published: April 2021

We study the properties of spin-less non-interacting fermions trapped in a confining potential in one dimension but in the presence of one or more impurities which are modelled by delta function potentials. We use a method based on the single particle Green's function. For a single impurity placed in the bulk, we compute the density of the Fermi gas
near the impurity. Our results, in addition to recovering the Friedel oscillations at large distance from the impurity, allow the exact computation of the density at short distances. We also show how the density of the Fermi gas is modified when the impurity is placed near the edge of the trap in the region where the unperturbed system is described by the Airy gas. Our method also allows us to compute the effective potential felt by the impurity both in the bulk and at the edge. In the bulk this effective potential is shown to be a universal function only of the local Fermi wave vector, or equivalently of the local fermion density. When the impurity is placed
near the edge of the Fermi gas, the effective potential can be expressed in terms of Airy functions. For an attractive impurity placed far outside the support of the fermion density, we show that an interesting transition occurs where a single fermion is pulled out of the Fermi sea and forms a bound state with the impurity.
This is a quantum analogue of the well-known Baik-Ben Arous-Péché (BBP) transition, known in the theory of spiked random matrices. The density at the location of the impurity plays the role of an order parameter. We also consider the case of two impurities in the bulk and compute exactly the effective force between them mediated by the background Fermi gas.
Fig. 1. Distribution of urban census tracts used in our analysis (red). District municipality polygons are outlined in black. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Authors: Venter Zander S , Shackleton Charlie M. , Staden Francini Van , Selomane Odirilwe , Masterson Vanessa A
Published: April 2021

Urban green infrastructure
provides ecosystem services that are essential to human wellbeing. A dearth of
national-scale assessments in the Global South has precluded the ability to
explore how political regimes, such as the forced racial segregation in South
Africa during and after Apartheid, have influenced the extent of and access to
green infrastructure over time. We investigate whether there are disparities in
green infrastructure distributions across race and income geographies in urban
South Africa. Using open-source satellite imagery and geographic information,
along with national census statistics, we find that public and private green
infrastructure is more abundant, accessible, greener and more treed in
high-income relative to low-income areas, and in areas where previously
advantaged racial groups (i.e. White citizens) reside.
Fig. 4. Box-and-whisker plots of log-transformed monthly income for census districts with and without parks, for each race category (A). Three park attributes including distance from residence (B), the percentage of census tract covered by park (C) and park size (D) are plotted against log-transformed monthly income. Please refer to the caption in Fig. 3 for description of data points and trend lines. Park distance, size and cover are also log-transformed.
Authors: Venter Zander S , Shackleton Charlie M. , Staden Francini Van , Sebogoe Odirile , Masterson Vanessa A
Published: April 2021

Urban green infrastructure
provides ecosystem services that are essential to human wellbeing. A dearth of
national-scale assessments in the Global South has precluded the ability to
explore how political regimes, such as the forced racial segregation in South
Africa during and after Apartheid, have influenced the extent of and access to
green infrastructure over time. We investigate whether there are disparities in
green infrastructure distributions across race and income geographies in urban
South Africa. Using open-source satellite imagery and geographic information,
along with national census statistics, we find that public and private green
infrastructure is more abundant, accessible, greener and more treed in
high-income relative to low-income areas, and in areas where previously
advantaged racial groups (i.e. White citizens) reside.
Fig. 6. Maps of census tracts in the City of Cape Town district municipality. Census tracts are coloured by relative street greenness (A, D), income (B) and race (C, E). The height of census tracts in D and E represents income. Empty space within the city represents non-residential areas that were not accounted for in the 2011 census.
Authors: Venter Zander S , Shackleton Charlie M. , Staden Francini Van , Sebogoe Odirile , Masterson Vanessa A
Published: April 2021

Urban green infrastructure
provides ecosystem services that are essential to human wellbeing. A dearth of
national-scale assessments in the Global South has precluded the ability to
explore how political regimes, such as the forced racial segregation in South
Africa during and after Apartheid, have influenced the extent of and access to
green infrastructure over time. We investigate whether there are disparities in
green infrastructure distributions across race and income geographies in urban
South Africa. Using open-source satellite imagery and geographic information,
along with national census statistics, we find that public and private green
infrastructure is more abundant, accessible, greener and more treed in
high-income relative to low-income areas, and in areas where previously
advantaged racial groups (i.e. White citizens) reside.
Fig. 7. Maps of census tracts in the City of Johannesburg district municipality. Census tracts are colored by relative street greenness (A, D), income (B) and race (C, E). The height of census tracts in D and E represents income. Empty space within the city represents non-residential areas that were not accounted for in the 2011 census.
Authors: Venter Zander S , Shackleton Charlie M. , Staden Francini Van , Sebogoe Odirile , Masterson Vanessa A
Published: April 2021

Urban green infrastructure
provides ecosystem services that are essential to human wellbeing. A dearth of
national-scale assessments in the Global South has precluded the ability to
explore how political regimes, such as the forced racial segregation in South
Africa during and after Apartheid, have influenced the extent of and access to
green infrastructure over time. We investigate whether there are disparities in
green infrastructure distributions across race and income geographies in urban
South Africa. Using open-source satellite imagery and geographic information,
along with national census statistics, we find that public and private green
infrastructure is more abundant, accessible, greener and more treed in
high-income relative to low-income areas, and in areas where previously
advantaged racial groups (i.e. White citizens) reside.
Figure 1. The location of the study sites in Eswatini, Malawi and Zimbabwe
Authors: Thondhlana Gladman , Pullanikkatil Deepa , Shackleton Charlie M.
Published: April 2021

The production of plant fibre products is
considered a promising pathway for contributing to people’s livelihoods
particularly in developing countries, where economic options might be limited.
However, there are limited comparative studies across countries on plant fibre
products, making it difficult to examine how local and broader biophysical,
socioeconomic, cultural and policy contexts influence craft production patterns
in terms of primary plant resources used, products made and contributions to
livelihoods. Using household surveys for data collection, this paper presents
findings from a comparative analysis of plant fibre craft production and income
in three southern African countries, Eswatini, Malawi and Zimbabwe.
Figure 1. Location of Njela, Gogogo and Ludaka
Authors: Herd-Hoare Shannon C , Shackleton Charlie M.
Published: April 2021

This study presents an integrated examination of
both the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem disservices (EDS) associated
with smallholder animal husbandry in rural livelihoods in three villages in
southeast South Africa. It recognises the contribution of ES supporting and
resulting from smallholder livestock and poultry production, but also details
the limiting factors or EDS, such as tick-borne disease, birds of prey or
unpalatable rangeland, produced by the same system. Using a mixed-methods
approach, including focus group discussions with various Participatory Learning
and Action (PLA) activities, key informant interviews, household surveys and
land-use change mapping on GIS, we consider the relative value and benefits
from ES after the effects of EDS, as well as the management and strategies that
households adopt to minimise EDS
Table 2. Change in the average number of animals per household between 2015 and 2016
Authors: Herd-Hoare Shannon C , Shackleton Charlie M.
Published: April 2021

This study presents an
integrated examination of both the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem
disservices (EDS) associated with smallholder animal husbandry in rural
livelihoods in three villages in southeast South Africa. It recognises the
contribution of ES supporting and resulting from smallholder livestock and
poultry production, but also details the limiting factors or EDS, such as
tick-borne disease, birds of prey or unpalatable rangeland, produced by the
same system. Using a mixed-methods approach, including focus group discussions
with various Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) activities, key informant
interviews, household surveys and land-use change mapping on GIS, we consider
the relative value and benefits from ES after the effects of EDS, as well as
the management and strategies that households adopt to minimise EDS.
Table 7. Pre-emptive and reactive strategies to reduce crop loss across all three villages
Authors: Herd-Hoare Shannon C , Shackleton Charlie M.
Published: April 2021

This study presents an integrated examination of
both the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem disservices (EDS) associated
with smallholder animal husbandry in rural livelihoods in three villages in
southeast South Africa. It recognises the contribution of ES supporting and
resulting from smallholder livestock and poultry production, but also details
the limiting factors or EDS, such as tick-borne disease, birds of prey or
unpalatable rangeland, produced by the same system. Using a mixed-methods
approach, including focus group discussions with various Participatory Learning
and Action (PLA) activities, key informant interviews, household surveys and
land-use change mapping on GIS, we consider the relative value and benefits
from ES after the effects of EDS, as well as the management and strategies that
households adopt to minimise EDS
SOB OS SIGNOS DA EXCLUSÃO E DO ELITISMO: DIFERENTES PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE A EDUCAÇÃO E OS PROCESSOS DE DESIGUALDADE NO BRASIL
Authors: Derossi Caio Corrêa , Carvalho Thaís Carneiro
Published: April 2021

O presente ensaio teórico de abordagem qualitativa e naturezas bibliográfica e documental visa discutir a partir da literatura especializada em uma perspectiva histórica de longa duração, que permite compreender de forma holística os movimentos sociais, políticos e econômicos, com a finalidade de refletir sobre as trajetórias que envolvem os processos de institucionalização da escolarização, evidenciando como tal desenvolvimento foi norteado a partir de premissas desiguais e excludentes. Assim, com uma visada panorâmica, pode ser pensado como interesses outros, na maioria das vezes particulares e do mercado, se sobrepujaram perante ao compromisso ético e de transformação social assumidos pela educação. No decorrer da história, é notado um projeto dual de ensino, que segrega os sujeitos de diferentes classes, reproduzindo as desigualdades e voltado para uma formação direcionada ao trabalho em detrimento da emancipação e integralidade formativa humanas. Nesse sentido, embasados nos documentos legais e em pesquisadas relacionadas a temática, optou-se pelas lentes da História da Educação para se analisar e compreender as faces das desigualdades no que se refere as dinâmicas da sociedade que se inserem no processo de escolarização, no estabelecimento escolar e na relação com os sujeitos, no tocante a aspectos como o acesso, a permanência e a inserção perante ao projeto educacional. A relevância do estudo se inscreve na possibilidade de se refletir sobre as rupturas e continuidades nos diferentes modelos educativos, que nos possibilitam pensar na sociedade e nas suas estruturas, bem como os conceitos que orientaram a formação do cidadão vigentes ao longo do tempo, observando os avanços, os retrocessos e o caminho necessário a se percorrer ainda.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E A INSERÇÃO DO PSICÓLOGO NA SAÚDE PRISIONAL
Authors: Hernandes Linccon Fricks , Silva Maria Vitória Dias Rosa
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo contextualizar a atuação do psicólogo na saúde do sistema prisional brasileiro a partir dos marcos legais e políticas públicas que regulamentam a sua atuação neste contexto. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo narrativa, que foi realizada por meio de um levantamento de literatura onde foram utilizadas fontes secundarias referentes à temática em questão, a fim de responder a problemática do estudo. Para isso, realizou-se uma busca eletrônica de artigos indexados no banco de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), obras literárias e legislação vigente e normativas do Conselho Federal de Psicologia. O estudo possibilitou conhecer as políticas públicas de saúde e as demais que estabelecem a prática do psicólogo da saúde junto ao público privado de liberdade e o que propõem como prática deste profissional; investigou os principais desafios e dificuldades enfrentados pelos psicólogos nesta área de atuação e levantou o que se tem discutido sobre alguns temas transversais que influenciam o trabalho do psicólogo neste contexto, tais como: risco de suicídio dos apenados, uso abusivo de psicotrópicos ou dependência química e agravos emocionais na população prisional; estrutura, condições físicas e sanitárias das unidades prisionais. A partir dos resultados encontrados, observou-se que há pouca discussão acerca da atuação do psicólogo voltada para a saúde prisional no Brasil, faz-se pensar então, a necessidade de maior produção científica na temática proposta neste estudo, para que se torne possível a ampliação de possibilidades na prática profissional neste seguimento da saúde pública e coletiva no atendimento as pessoas privadas de liberdade.
Bir Hafif Raylı Ulaşım Sisteminde Makinist Çizelgeleme Problemi
Authors: CEYLAN Zeynep , ARSLAN Merve , ARSLAN Tuba
Published: April 2021

Hızlı kentleşme ve nüfus artışından dolayı raylı ulaşım sisteminin kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Ancak, raylı ulaşım sistemlerin şehir içi taşımacılıkta yaygın kullanımı beraberinde büyük boyutlu ve çözülmesi zor problemlere sebep olmaktadır. Özellikle, tren seferlerinin düzenlenmesinde dengesizlikler, makinistlerin vardiya planlamasının ve çalışma-dinlenme sürelerinin uygun şekilde ayarlanamaması gibi pek çok sorun ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu sistemlerin planlanması, işletilmesi ve sürekliliğin sağlanması için sorunlara hızlı ve uygun çözümler üretilmesi zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, hafif raylı ulaşım sisteminde hizmet eden bir işletmenin tüm makinistlerinin toplam çalışma süresini ve vardiya sayısını eşitleyerek adil bir görev çizelgesi oluşturulması hedeflenmektedir. Mevcut durumda işletmede makinist görev çizelgesinin manuel olarak yapılması zaman kaybına sebep olmaktadır. Ayrıca, oluşturulan çizelgede eşit iş dağılımının sağlanamaması çalışan memnuniyetsizliğine yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada, söz konusu işletmede makinist çizelgeleme problemi için hedef programlama modeli geliştirilmiş ve GAMS/CPLEX programı ile çözülmüştür. Önerilen matematiksel model ile adil görev ataması sağlanmış ve çalışanların artan motivasyon ve memnuniyeti ile hizmet kalitesinin artması beklenmektedir.
Kara Mürverin (Sambucus nigra L.) Besinsel İçeriği ve Fonksiyonel Özellikleri
Authors: ALIÇ Betül , OLCAY Nezahat , DEMİR Mustafa Kürşat
Published: April 2021

Kara mürver (Sambucus nigra) Adoxaceae familyasında, Avrupa, Asya, Kuzey Afrika ve ABD’ye özgü bir bitki türüdür. Kara mürver bitkisi; yuvarlak şekilli, mor-siyah renkli, 3-5 çekirdekli, küçük meyvelere sahiptir. Sambucus türlerinin kimyasal yapısını; majör bileşikler, flavonoidler, fenolik asitler, antosiyanidoller, triterpenler, lektinler, siyanojenik heterozitler ve uçucu yağlar oluşturmaktadır. Mürver türleri önemli miktarda lektin içermektedirler. Mürver meyveleri zengin antosiyanin içerikleri ile yüksek antioksidan aktivite göstermektedir. Antioksidan aktivitesi sayesinde insan sağlığında soğuk algınlığı, grip, kanser, diyabet gibi birçok hastalığa karşı terapötik etkiye sahiptir. Antioksidan özelliğinin yanı sıra; antiviral, antidepresan, antienflamatuvar ve antikarsinojenik gibi çeşitli aktiviteler de göstermektedir. Kara mürver, tüm bu özellikleri ile modern gıda ve tıbbi ürünlerin zenginleştirilmesi ve/veya geliştirilmesinde önemli katkı sağlayabilme potansiyeline sahip bir bitkidir. Bu makale kara mürver meyvesinin besinsel içeriği ve fonksiyonel özellikleri ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaları derlemektedir ve gelecekte yapılabilecek çalışmalara ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Investigation of Changes Against Time in the Artificial Gastric Liquid Medium of Pesticide Active Substances
Authors: ELMASTAŞ Ayhan , UMAZ Adil , AYDIN Fırat
Published: April 2021

In this study, grown tomato samples were examined changes of pesticide active substances by two different methods in the artificial gastric liquid (AGL) medium prepared. In the first method, Trifloxystrobin and Imidacloprid pesticide active substances were sprayed on the tomato samples before the harvest period. Time-dependent change of the active substance of Trifloxystrobin; although initially 83.17 ng g-1, it was determined as 24.71 ng g-1 in 240 min. The concentration of this active substance was determined that decreased with time and the % change was 70.29. While Imidacloprid active substance initially was 10.20 ng g-1, it was determined as 10.32 ng g-1 at 240 min. It was determined that this active substance did not change between the first and the last concentration depending on the time. In the second method, 75 pesticide active substances were spiked to the tomato sample and the time-dependent change in the AGL medium was examined. The concentration of 10 active substances that above 70% of the change rate was determined that there was a statistical decrease depending on the time % changes in the range between 0-240 min. The concentration of 30 active substances in below 70% of the change rate was determined that did not a statistical decrease as depending on time. however, % changes were observed that there was a certain thought at different rates between the first and the last concentration after 240 min. The last 15 active substances 240 min concentrations were determined that increased of % changes compared to 0 min.
Gıdaların Kurutulmasında Ultrason Ön İşleminin Kullanımı
Authors: AYDAR Alev Yüksel , YILMAZ Tuncay , MATARACI Ceren , SAĞLAM Tuba
Published: April 2021

Kurutma, gıda endüstrisinde uzun raf ömrüne sahip gıda ürünleri üretmek ve depolamak için yaygın olarak uygulanan bir işlemdir. Ancak, kurutma işlemi son ürünün kalite özelliklerinde istenmeyen sonuçlara sebep olabileceğinden, gıdaların kalite özelliklerini koruyacak veya en az düzeyde azaltacak ultrason gibi ön işlemler kurutma öncesi uygulanmaktadır. Termal olmayan gıda işleme teknolojisi olarak kabul edilen ultrason (sonikasyon), geleneksel ısıl işleme kıyasla düşük enerji kullanımı, gıdalarda tazeliği koruma, yüksek duyusal kabul edilebilirliği ve besin içeriğini iyileştirme gibi özellikleriyle son yıllarda önemli ölçüde dikkat çekmiştir. Bu derlemede ultrasonun zeytin, yer elması, elma, sarımsak, kavun gibi meyve ve sebzelerin kurutulması öncesinde uygulanmasının fiziksel ve kimyasal parametreleri, renk değişimi, reolojik davranışı, biyoaktif bileşikleri ve duyusal özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi özetlenmiştir.
A_{p1,q1}^{p2,q2}(G,w) Uzayı ve Bazı Topolojik Özellikleri Üzerine
Authors: DEĞİRMEN Nilay , DEĞİRMEN İbrahim
Published: April 2021

ünimodüler yerel kompakt grup ve olmak üzere olsun. Bu makalede, infimum normlu uzayının bazı önemli topolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir. İlk olarak, uzayının bir Banach uzayı olduğu ve ötelemeler altında invaryant olduğu ispatlanmıştır. Ayrıca uzayından uzayına tanımlı dönüşümünün lineer ve sınırlı olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Orman Yangın Şiddetinin Google Earth Engine ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Kullanarak Analizi: Hatay-Belen Örneği
Authors: YILMAZ Osman Salih , ORUÇ Mehmet Serdar , ATEŞ Ali Murat , GÜLGEN Fatih
Published: April 2021

Türkiye'de orman yangınlarının nedenlerini kundaklama (bilerek yangın çıkarma), dikkatsizlik ve ihmal, doğal ve faili meçhul olmak üzere dört ana grup altında toplamak mümkündür. Özellikle Akdeniz ve Ege bölgelerimiz bu yangınlardan en çok etkilenen bölgelerdir. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü’nden (OGM) alınan verilere göre 1988 – 2019 yılları arasında sadece Hatay'da yangın başına 4.91 ha ormanlık alan yanmıştır. Orman yangınları tespitinde özellikle son yıllarda gelişen uydu teknolojileri ile Uzaktan Algılama (UA) teknikleri oldukça yaygın kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Sentinel-2A 09.10.2020 tarihinde Hatay’ın Belen ilçesinde çıkan orman yangını için UA yöntemi kullanılarak Google Earth Engine Platformunda (GEE) yangın şiddeti haritaları üretilmiştir. Bu amaçla yangın öncesi 04.07.2020 ve yangın sonrası 12.10.2020 tarihli Sentinle-2A (L2A) uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Normalize Edilmiş Vejetasyon İndeksi (Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index, NDVI), Normalize Edilmiş Yanma Şiddeti (Normalized Burned Ratio, NBR) ve NBR farklarından Fark Normalize Edilmiş Yanma Şiddeti (Difference Normalized Burned Ratio, dNBR) kullanılarak yanma şiddeti derecelendirilmiştir. Ayrıca Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ile yükselti, eğim ve bakı haritaları üretilerek orman yangını topografik faktörler yönünden analiz edilmiştir. Yüksekliğin 200 – 300 m arasında olduğu 50 ha alanda, eğimin %30’dan fazla olduğu 36 ha alanda ve doğu bakıda 35 ha alanda yüksek yanma şiddeti görülmüştür. Analizler sonucu çalışma alanında, yüksek yanma şiddeti bulunan toplam alan 90.94 ha olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Citrus Limon L. Peel Powder Incorporated Polyvinyl Alcohol/Corn Starch Antioxidant Active Films
Authors: TERZİOĞLU Pınar , SICAK Yusuf
Published: April 2021

Active food packaging films has gain more significance over conventional packaging. In this study, novel active composite films were prepared by incorporating lemon peel to a polyvinyl alcohol-starch matrix. The morphological, thermal and antioxidant activity evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol-starch-lemon peel composite films were discussed to determine whether the presence and content of lemon peel influenced the film’s characteristics. The results indicated that tested properties of composite films depended on the content of lemon peel. It was found that the thermal stability and antioxidant activity of films considerably improved upon the incorporation of peel. The prepared films with enhanced antioxidant activity may be used for preservation of oxidation-sensitive food products. The results showed that lemon by-product has great potential to be evaluated into added-value products for functional packaging applications. The developed packaging films will be new alternatives for food preservation materials.
Saccharification of Hazelnut and Rhododendron Biomasses Using β-xylanase from Thermotoga naphthophila
Authors: DİNÇER Özgenur , CELEBİOGLU Hasan Ufuk , HAMID Attia , AFTAB Muhammad Nauman , KARADAĞ Ahmet
Published: April 2021

Enzymes can be used in various biotechnological applications due to the easy and cheap production. Since xylanase enzymes are preferred in various industries, researchon this enzyme is extensively being carried out. In this study, the β-xylanase gene was cloned from Thermotoga naphthophila, a thermophilic organism. The expression vector pET21a(+) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). As a result of the studies, the pH, temperature and IPTG concentration of the enzyme were optimized to obtain highest expression. Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) was used to determine sugar content of the enzyme. The molecular mass of the
purified β-xylanase enzyme was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis. The molecular mass of the enzyme was calculated to be 38 kDa. Enzymatic hydrolysis of
hazelnut shell, rhododendron branch and rhododendron leaves was performed. Released reducing sugar contents from the enzymatic hydrolysis were calculated as 0.8461 mg mL-1, 0.6976 mg mL-1 and 0.3605 mg mL-1 for hazelnut shell, rhododendron branch, and rhododendron leaf respectively. In conclusion, β-xylanase enzyme can be an effective source for enzymatic hydrolysis to produce fermentable sugars from such biomasses.
The Effect of Alkaline Activator Components on the Properties of Fly Ash Added Pumice Based Geopolymer
Authors: KARAASLAN Cemal , YENER Engin
Published: April 2021

The effect of sodium hydroxide (SH) concentration and sodium silicate (SS) content in alkali activator on mechanical properties and wet-dry resistance of fly ash added pumice based geopolymer paste were investigated. In the study, the concentration of SH was used as 8, 10, 12 and 14 molar, while the weight ratio of SS to SH was used as 0, 1, 2 and 3. While the density of geopolymer paste samples increased significantly with the increase of SH molarity in mixtures with low SS content, it was less affected by SH molarity in mixtures with high SS content. For all SH molarity values, the compressive strength of the geopolymer paste samples increased with the increase of the SS/SH ratio, while a slight decrease was observed with the SS/SH ratio increasing from 2 to 3. However, with the increase of the SH molarity, the compressive strength of the samples was less affected by the SS content. As large cracks or splits occur in paste samples activated only with SH under the effect of wet-dry, their compressive strength could not be measured. The wet-dry performance of the paste samples activated with SS + SH was not affected much by the SH molarity and the SS/SH ratio and were close to each other. When looking at the microstructure studies, FTIR analyzes show that SS content provides a better geopolymerization, and SEM images show that micro-cracks relatively decrease with SS content.
Comparison of Structural and Electro-optical Properties of Thin Films Fabricated for Different Deposition Times Using TiO2 Precursor Solutions with and without HCl by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: BAYRAM Ahmet Buğrahan , KOÇ Murat , AKYÜREKLİ Salih , KALELİ Murat
Published: April 2021

In this report, two different TiO2 solutions with and without HCl were, firstly, prepared. Then, totally twelve number of thin film samples were obtained using these solutions for each of these two different group films by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP). Of these twelve samples, each of the four was created at three different spray times (25, 50, 75 min), respectively, and they were annealed at 500 C. Structural, morphological, and electro-optical properties of TiO2 thin films were performed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-VIS). It was seen that the HCl addition improves the crystallinity of the thin film samples dramatically even though at low deposition temperatures. HCl addition causes densification on the surface of the films and these films also exhibited the best morphological and structural properties compared to thin films without HCl. Also, the bandgap values of all thin films prepared with and without HCl decreases from 3.40 to 3.21 eV and 3.29 to 3.15 eV, respectively. Increase in the thickness of films by the addition of HCl plays a vital role on the morphological, structural, and electro-optical properties of the samples.
Halal food supply chains: A literature review of sustainable measures and future research directions
Authors: Rejeb Abderahman , Keogh John G. , Rejeb Karim , Dean Kevin
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Although sustainability represents a high-profile topic in supply chain management, it remains an unexplored research area for Halal food supply chains (HFSCs). Hence, to bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic literature review to identify the measures necessary for the development of sustainable HFSCs and potential research gaps at the nexus of sustainability and Halal food literature.

Study objects and methods. We carefully analyzed forty (40) papers selected from leading, highly-ranked journals to answer the following research question: “What are the measures necessary for the development of sustainable Halal food supply chains?”

Results and discussion. The findings revealed that the improvement of Halal processes through the implementation of quality management systems, the effectiveness of Halal labeling, and the use of technology could enhance the economic performance of HFSCs. Furthermore, HFSC’s sustainability efforts are strengthened by enhancing trust and transparency benefitting human resource skills development, promoting animal welfare issues, and increasing regulatory compliance. The implementation of environmental protection measures is a primary driving factor for environmental sustainability activities. Environmental sustainability could be fostered by a shift to the application of greening practices and the support of environmentalism in the Halal food industry.

Conclusion. The findings of this study provide critical managerial implications for Halal food practitioners as they can have a summary of the previous studies and thus use it as a benchmark for introducing sustainable measures in their Halal food firms.
Influence of blackberry juice addition on mead fermentation and quality
Authors: Savić Aleksandar , Velemir Ana , Papuga Saša , Stojković Maja
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Mead, one of the oldest alcoholic beverages that man consumed is obtained by fermentation of honey solution, and contains from 8 to 18% vol. ethanol. Honey can be considered as an excellent source of carbohydrates for the fermentation process, but low concentrations of other substances in the honey can slow down the process. Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) contains dietary fibers, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin A, vitamin E, potassium and calcium, along with the phenolic metabolites that are a source of possible health benefits.

Study objects and methods. In this study was investigated the influence of blackberry juice addition on mead fermentation process, chemical composition and antioxidative activity. Dynamics of the fermentation process were controlled based on weighing the flasks in time on a scale every 24 h throughout the alcoholic fermentation. At the end of fermentations, oenological parameters of mead: dry matter content, pH, volatile acidity and ethanol content and reducing sugars. For the determination of antioxidative capacity the content of total phenolics, total flavonoids and total flavonols were measured and two tests were performed: DPPH and ABTS.

Results and discussion. Addition of blackberry juice had a positive effect on fermentation dynamics (almost 25% higher rate of fermentation than in control samples), and improved all physicochemical characteristics and composition of resultant meads. Also, meads with the addition of blackberry juice had a significantly higher concentration of total phenolics, total flavonoids and total flavonols and significantly stronger antioxidative properties compared to the control meads without juice addition. The highest total phenolics, total flavonoids and total flavonols content was determined in the mead with the maximum addition of blackberry juice (B20W): it reached 490.88, 50.34 and 62.57 μgQE.mL–1, respectively, and was 6-fold higher for total phenolics and total flavonoids content, and 10-fold higher for total flavonols content than in the mead without juice addition (CW). The strongest antioxidative activity was determined in the B10W mead; it accounted for 6.98 μgTE.mL–1 (DPPH assay) and 0.65 μgTE.mL–1 (ABTS assay), what was 1.5-fold and 3-fold higher, respectively, than in the mead without juice addition (CW).

Conclusion. The conducted study demonstrated that the use of blackberry juice influenced the course of fermentation of meads as well as their physicochemical and antioxidative properties (positive effect on fermentation dynamics – almost 25% higher rate of fermentation than in control samples, and improvement of all physicochemical characteristics and composition of resultant meads).
Lead exposure through eggs in Iran: health risk assessment
Authors: Faryabi Sajad , Ghorbiani Mohsen , Nazarpak Hadi Haghbin , Rashidimehr Azadeh
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Contamination of food, including animal protein sources, with heavy metals is a major threat to humans. The aim of this research was to determine lead concentrations in eggs from different Iranian regions and assess risks to human health.

Study objects and methods. In this study, lead concentrations in eggs produced at laying hen farms in Qom, Isfahan (Kashan city), and Khorasan Razavi (Mashhad city) provinces were measured by an atomic absorption device. Health risk was estimated using the Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) model.

Results and discussion. The levels of lead in eggs were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) among the three regions. They were lower than the permissible limit (0.1 mg/kg) for Kashan (0.0756 mg/kg) and Mashhad (0.0633 mg/kg), but eggs from Qom contained

0.1163 mg/kg of lead. In all the three regions, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of lead was lower than the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI), indicating no health risk for lead through egg consumption among Iranian consumers. Also, no risks were detected for adults in terms of non-cancer risk, or target hazard quotients (THQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) of lead (THQ < 1 and CR < 10–6).

Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that lead health risk through egg consumption is within safe limits. However, the nutritional importance and high consumption of eggs among households necessitate a more careful monitoring of lead concentrations to meet public health requirements.
Functional and sensory properties of jam with different proportions of pineapple, cucumber, and Jatropha leaf
Authors: Ogori Akama Friday , Amove Julius , Evi-Parker Precious , Sardo Giacomo , Okpala Charles Odilichukwu R. , Bono Gioacchino , Korzeniowska Małgorzata
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Fruits and vegetables are vital for healthy food consumption. Conservation is the only option to prolong their shelf life. Nigeria is currently experiencing an increase in production of fruit jams that incorporate vegetables. Cucumbers, Jatropha tanjorensis L. leaf, and pineapples have a lot of health benefits, which makes them very promising for jam making. The present research featured the effect of cucumber, pineapple, and Jatropha leaf in different proportions on the functional and sensory properties of composite jam.

Study objects and methods. The technology of jam making followed standard procedures. Pineapple jam without cucumbers and Jatropha leaf served as control (pineapple:cucumber:Jatropha leaf = 100:0:0). The experimental jam samples had increasing amounts of Jatropha leaf (J), decreasing amounts of pineapple pulps (P), and a constant amount of cucumber (C), i.e. P:C:J = 85:10:5, 80:10:10, 75:10:15, and 70:10:20. The functional analysis involved chemical and proximate aspects, whereas the sensory evaluation involved appearance, aroma, taste, spreadability, and overall liking.

Results and discussion. The experimental samples showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in vitamins, minerals, total titratable acidity, pH, Brix, and total soluble solids. The control sample (P:C:J = 100:0:0) had significantly lower (P < 0.05) contents of moisture, protein, ash, fat, and fiber than the experimental ones. However, the pH and total titratable acidity of the experimental samples 85:10:5 and 80:10:10 appeared to be quite similar (P > 0.05). Compared to the control sample, the sensory properties of the experimental samples differed significantly (P < 0.05) by appearance, aroma, and spreadability but were of similar (P > 0.05) taste and overall liking.

Conclusion. The obtained functional and sensory data proved that the new pineapple jam with cucumber and Jatropha leaf is a promising functional product.
α-amylase from white pitaya (Hylocereus undatus L.) peel: optimization of extraction using full factorial design
Authors: Shad Zahra , Mirhosseini Hamed , Motshakeri Mahsa , Sanjabi Mohammad Reza , Meor Hussin Anis Shobirin
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Amylase is a significant enzyme with numerous commercial applications, which is largely used to convert starches into oligosaccharides. Extraction of amylase from plant by-products or cheap sources is cost-effective. Annually, pitaya fruit juice industry produces huge amounts of peels that could be utilized as an alternative source in enzyme production industry. The work aimed to examine and optimize extraction process.

Study objects and methods. In this study, we investigated parameters of extraction to optimize the process, as well as activity of α-amylase from white pitaya fruit (Hylocereus undatus L.) peel. For this purpose, a two-level full factorial design was applied. Three variables, namely the pH of sodium phosphate buffer (X1, 4.5–7.5), mixing time (X2, 1–3 min), and a sample-to-buffer ratio (X3, 1:3–1:5), were used to identify significant effects and interactions within the samples.

Results and discussion. The results demonstrated that the buffer pH had the most significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on total amylase activity. Based on full factorial design analysis, we revealed the optimal conditions for amylase enzyme extraction ‒ pH of 6, mixing time of 2 min, and a sample-to-buffer ratio of 1:4. Lower and higher values influenced adversely on specific activity of amylase.

Conclusion. Optimization increased the enzyme specific activity by a factor of 4.5. Thus, pitaya peel could be used in different industries as a rich natural α-amylase source.
Generation of microplastics from the opening and closing of disposable plastic water bottles
Authors: Singh Tvisha
Published: April 2021

There has recently been a significant increase in interest regarding the prevalence of microplastics in bottled water. Previous studies have shown that the composition of many of the microplastics in bottled water is consistent with the materials of the bottle and bottle cap. The focus of this study is to quantify microplastic particle generation from the cap and bottle interaction during open and close cycles. Nile Red dye was used for the detection of microplastics >4.7 μm in size. Microplastic contamination levels in the water were found to increase as the bottle cap is opened and closed repeatedly. The rate of generation of particles with bottle opening and closing cycles (553 ± 202 microplastics/L/cycle) is adequate to account for the total particle density in the water. This clearly demonstrates that the abrasion between the bottle cap and bottleneck is the dominant mechanism for the generation of microplastic contamination detected in bottled water. A large spread between the maximum and minimum levels of microplastic contamination for bottles from the same lot, regardless of the number of times the cap is opened and closed, suggests that mechanical tolerances in the manufacturing of bottles and caps might play an important role in microplastic generation.