bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eco-friendly diet: nutrient digestibility, nitrogen and energy balances and growth performance of growing pigs
Authors: de Quelen Francine , Garcia-Launay Florence , Wilfart Aurélie , Dourmad Jean-Yves , Labussière Etienne
Published: July 2024

The traditional approach to formulating pig diets is based only on minimizing cost while meeting nutritional requirements and thus does not consider the environmental impacts associated with producing feed ingredients. To reduce the overall environmental impact of pork production, feed ingredients can be considered to formulate environmentally friendly diets. However, their potential effects on pig performance could decrease environmental benefits at the farm gate. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of such eco-friendly pig diets on nitrogen (N) and energy (E) balances, the components of heat production (HP), and the performance of growing pigs. Digestibility coefficients of dry matter (84.5% vs. 88.2%, P < 0.01) and N (80.4% vs. 86.3%, P < 0.01) were significantly lower for the eco-friendly diet than the Control-diet (a commercial diet used in France). N excretion in feces was significantly higher for the group of pigs fed the eco-friendly diet than for the group fed the Control-diet (9.8 vs. 6.9 g/d, respectively, P = 0.01), while the N retention tended to be lower (27.8 vs. 30.3 g/d, respectively; P = 0.06). The metabolizable E:digestible E ratio did not differ between diets, but total HP was significantly lower for the eco-friendly diet group than for the Control-diet group (1,340 vs. 1,388 kJ/kg body weight0.60/d, respectively, P = 0.03). Using feed ingredients with lower environmental impacts, such as locally produced protein or co-products from wheat processing, is an effective way to decrease the environmental impacts of pig production. However, the nutritional composition of these eco-friendly ingredients could be overestimated, in particular the true digestibility of amino acids. This indicates the need to better estimate and consider the true digestibility of eco-friendly diets to decrease environmental impacts of livestock production without decreasing animal performance.
Degree-day models for predicting adult Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) spring flight and first emergence in New York State
Authors: Olaya-Arenas Paola , Cho Chloe Yi-Luo , Olmstead Daniel , DiPaola Anna , Crowther Shea , Degni Janice , Miller Jeff , Gabriel Aaron , Stanyard Mike , Zuefle Marion , Letham Jodi , Poveda Katja
Published: July 2024

The seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Meigen), is a pest affecting many crops, including corn. The early spring emergence of adults and belowground seed damage by maggots leave no room for rescue treatments during the short growing season in New York State. Degree-day (DD) models play a crucial role in predicting insect emergence and adult peak activity and are essential for effective pest management. The current D. platura DD model was launched on the Network for Environment and Weather Applications (NEWA) in 2022, using existing scientific literature from other North American regions. The NEWA model predicted adult D. platura first emergence at an average of 471 (39°F) DD in 2022. To gain an accurate and precise understanding of D. platura adult spring emergence and activity, we used interpolated temperature data to calculate the DD for each specific location where adults were captured in the field. DD calculations were performed using the average method, setting a biofix on January 1st and a base temperature of 39°F. In 2023, overwintering adults emerged at an average of 68 DD, and in 2022, adult activity was registered at an average of 282 DD. Accurately predicting the emergence of D. platura could contribute to informing integrated pest management strategies that incorporate timing and cultural practices over chemical solutions to protect crops and the environment.
Oebalus pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in Texas and efficacy of 2 alternative insecticides in grain sorghum
Authors: Gray Danielle D , Biles Stephen , Bernaola Lina , Mays D Tyler , Walker Wade , Towles Tyler , Kerns David , Ludwick Dalton C
Published: July 2024

Along the Coastal Bend of Texas, the rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), is a major pest of grain sorghum and rice that is primarily managed by insecticide applications. Reports of rice stink bug resistance to pyrethroids in Texas first surfaced in 2015 and continued to spread. To determine the status of pyrethroid resistance, rice stink bug populations across Texas and Louisiana were evaluated from 2021 to 2023. Mortality was assessed through glass vial exposures to eight concentrations (0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30 μg/vial) of a pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin. The concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin required to kill 50% (LC50) of each population was estimated by probit analysis. Furthermore, the efficacy of insecticides, including lambda-cyhalothrin, dimethoate, and dinotefuran, were evaluated in field experiments conducted in 2021. Our results indicated that 14 of the 21 rice stink bug populations sampled were resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin, with LC50 values ranging from 42 to 1,600 times higher than a susceptible population. In the field trial, lambda-cyhalothrin did not control rice stink bugs. Dinotefuran provided excellent control of nymphs, but dimethoate provided greater control of adult rice stink bugs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to thoroughly evaluate the extent or geographic range of pyrethroid resistance in Texas for rice stink bugs.
Simulate the elastic wavefields in media with an irregular surface topography based on staggered grid finite difference
Authors: Mao Qinghui , Zhong Yu , Liu Yangting , He Mei , Zou Kun , Gu Hanming , Xu Kai , Huang Haibo , Zhou Yuan , Shi Zeyun
Published: July 2024

Wave equation forward modeling is a useful method to study the propagation regulation of seismic wavefields. Finite difference (FD) is one of the most extensively employed numerical approaches for computing wavefields in earthquake and exploration seismology. However, the FD approach relying on regular grids often struggles to calculate wavefields in regions featuring surface topographies. The elastic wave equation can more accurately describe the propagation of seismic wavefields in elastic media compared to the acoustic wave equation. We introduce a new FD scheme to calculate the elastic wavefields in an isotropic model with a surface topography. The novel approach can use a conventional staggered grid FD (SGFD) approach based on regular grids. A new elastic model with a horizontal surface is first obtained from the nearby surface's elastic properties and the undulating terrain elevation. We subsequently employ a topography-related strategy to eliminate the effects of surface topographies on the seismic wavefields in models with irregular surface topographies. The merits of our proposed scheme lie in its ability to stable numerically compute wavefields in models with irregular surface topographies without altering the conventional SGFD relying on regular grids. To validate the effectiveness and practicality of our method, we utilize elastic models featuring complex surface topographies. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our approach efficiently calculates elastic wavefields in isotropic media with irregular topographies based on conventional SGFD.
Exploring the effects of two-segment loop tunnels on termite food transport efficiency: a simulation study
Authors: Lee Sang-Hee , Park Cheol-Min
Published: July 2024

This study explores the food transport efficiency (E) in a termite tunnel consisting of a main tunnel and a 2-segment loop tunnel through a model simulation. Simulated termites navigate between the main and loop tunnels through branching nodes (a, b, c, d) with associated probabilities (P1, P2, P3, P4). The loop tunnel locations (δ) are considered: near the nest (δ = 1), at the center of the main tunnel (δ = 2), and close to the food site (δ = 3). The results reveal that for δ = 1, paths such as a → d → b → c and c → d → b → a exhibited high E values. Conversely, for δ = 2, P3 and P4 demonstrate elevated E values ranging from 0.4 to 0.6. For δ = 3, paths like c → d or c → b display high E values, emphasizing the significance of in-loop separation tunnels (characterized by P3 and P4) in alleviating traffic congestion. Partial rank correlation validates that P1 and P2 minimally influence E, while P3 and P4 significantly negatively impact E, regardless of δ. However, for δ = 2, the influence of P3 and P4 is notably reduced due to the positional symmetry of the loop tunnel. In the discussion, we address model limitations and propose strategies to overcome them. Additionally, we outline potential experimental validations to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics governing termite food transport within tunnels.
Island area and diet predict diversity and distribution of bats in a Pacific Northwest archipelago
Authors: Kelly Rochelle M , Santana Sharlene E
Published: July 2024

The island biogeography theory predicts that species richness in islands and island-like systems is the ultimate result of island isolation and area. Species with high dispersal capabilities are predicted to be less affected by these factors because of their capacity to move more efficiently between islands or habitats, and here we test this idea in bats, the only mammals capable of flight. We conducted mist net and acoustic surveys across 21 islands in the San Juan Archipelago (Washington State, United States) and adjacent northwest mainland to: (i) investigate the effects of island area, distance from mainland, and habitat on bat diversity; and (ii) evaluate whether differences in morphological (body mass, forearm length, wing loading) and ecological (dietary niche breadth, foraging guild) traits among species influence their prevalence across islands. We found that island size strongly influenced patterns of species richness, with larger islands having a greater number of bat species. However, neither island distance from mainland nor any measure of habitat availability was a significant predictor of species richness at the scale of this study. Additionally, we found that dietary niche breadth, as opposed to any morphological trait, best predicted the prevalence of species across the islands. Our results suggest that species with more specialized diets may be more vulnerable to habitat fragmentation, and provide insight into how geographic and ecological factors affect the diversity of insular bat communities, adding to growing knowledge about the role of species traits as mediators of their responses to large-scale landscape structure.
Implementation of ChatGPT to enhance pre-travel consultation in a specialist tertiary centre in Singapore
Authors: Koh Matthew Chung Yi , Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Chan Nicholas Jian Hao , Goh Wilson , Salada Brenda Mae Alferez , Lum Lionel Hon-Wai , Smitasin Nares , Tambyah Paul Anantharajah , Archuleta Sophia , Oon Ee Ling Jolene
Published: July 2024

We designed and implemented an interactive artificial intelligence tool based on ChatGPT to complement the pre-travel consultation in a specialist tertiary centre that cares for a range of travellers including those who have undergone solid organ or bone marrow transplantation, as well as persons living with HIV.
The Burden of Diversity
Authors: Mishra Atul
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the relationship between national identity and sovereign statehood. It examines the anxieties around national identity as evidenced in the realms of ideas as well as political practices and policy. It shows how the efforts at addressing this anxiety in India have resulted in two competing conceptions of the nation: the Nehruvian and the Hindutva. The two conceptions are juxtaposed to show how the anxiety remains unresolved as well as highlight the divergent notions of sovereign statehood they carry. The impact of Hindutva on contemporary politics and policy is discussed. Finally, the chapter examines an aborted early attempt in Pakistan at adopting secular democratic political order and, subsequently, a concerted effort at Islamizing the polity. It concludes by showing how the pursuit of a homogenized Islamic identity has undermined the sovereignty of the Pakistan state over the past two decades.
Epilogue
Authors: Mishra Atul
Published: July 2024

This chapter begins by foregrounding how India and Pakistan have emerged as callous states vis-à-vis those people—citizens and neighbouring aliens—who have been caught in their sovereignty dynamic. It also notes how internationalization has caused the loss of those civilizational resources which could minimize conflict and aid cooperation in intercommunity relations in the region. Against the backdrop of this reckoning, the chapter foregrounds the importance of revisiting the regionalist thought-world of the first half of the twentieth century in which ideas about shared sovereignty and a united subcontinental polity were articulated.
Digital Technology Rocks the Record/Radio/Retail Relationships
Authors: Sanjek Rick
Published: July 2024

The records, radio, and retail sectors all benefited from the investment mania of the late 1990s. Then the burst of the dot-com bubble, the Napster-led MP3 file-sharing epidemic, and the recession following 9/11 all contributed to falling retail sales. The industry’s substandard PressPlay and MusicNet offerings; insistence on copy protection contrivances, and ignoring growing consumer preference for single tracks over albums caused further damage to the retail supply chain. Also covered are Apple’s rise to dominance over Liquid Audio, RealNetworks, and the other digital download contenders; the slow collapse of the retail sector; the demise of the record clubs; and the lingering effects of file-sharing. Also addressed are the Telecommunications Act of 1996 that eased station ownership restrictions; station consolidation led by SFX Entertainment; the rise of Clear Channel and Viacom; the fall of Tower Records and other record chains; and the debut of Sirius and XM satellite radio stations.
Physical Aspects of Care
Authors: Altilio Terry , Lyon Leimena Meagan
Published: July 2024

I did not know what happened to me; I felt like I was broken into a million pieces.
Social Aspects of Care
Authors: Bikson Karra
Published: July 2024

It really boils down to this: that all life is interrelated an inescapable network of mutuality, tried into a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one destiny, affects us all indirectly.
Legal and Ethical Aspects of Care
Authors: Smolinski Kathryn M
Published: July 2024

In most ethics consultations, 8 times out of 10, the main issue is one of communication and not ethics.
Special Issues in Children and Older Adults
Authors: Altilio Terry , Lyon Leimena Meagan , Sumser Bridget , Shukraft Allie , Schermer Martha , Bern-Klug Mercedes , Lemke Amy L
Published: July 2024

A population that does not take care of the elderly and of the children and the young has no future because it abuses both its memory and its promise.
Jesus and the Closets
Authors: Zaanti Sara
Published: July 2024

I was born in a quaint Midwestern town to what would seem like a typical Midwestern family. I was born a sister to three boys and grew up in the same 1970s ranch house where my parents still live. There are guns in the basement—in a hand made decorative rack, of course—and pegboards full of tools in the garage and basement. When we get together, it’s a blur of nieces and nephews, multiple generations and time-honored traditions like “driveway sitting,” which, to the uninitiated, means literally that the whole family sits in lawn chairs in the driveway, talking, drinking beer, and eating barbecue. Pork is serious business for us Midwesterners—almost as serious as Jesus.
Knowing Reynolds
Authors: Winer Lucy
Published: July 2024

It was the summer of 1969 and it was hot, even by Long Island standards. And we were used to the kind of heat and suffocating damp that never quits. In those days heat meant something. It took you over, crushed you, even made you cry. And there was no escape. Air conditioners were still rare, at least in people’s homes, and they didn’t necessarily work. Just made a lot of noise, promising something they never delivered, leaving us gasping for relief. In my mind’s eye, I see clouds of steam coming up from the roadways. But I think I’m making that part up.
On a Subway Platform, a Life Flashes—Here, Gone
Authors: Craigwell Antoine B
Published: July 2024

Mark stood at the edge of the subway platform, balancing as if on a seesaw’s fulcrum point, on the uptown side of the local No. 1 train at the 34th Street/Pennsylvania Station in New York City. Most of the soles of his feet hung over the side into the well where the electrified rails ran below him, precariously perched on the sliver of yellow-warning-painted wood at the edge, demarcating that point of no return. Leaning so far forward, he could see the twin lights of the train illumining the darkness of the tunnel and feel the force of the head wind preceding it as it roared into the station. Balanced as he was, any involuntary reflex action, a sneeze or a sudden shudder, could tip him forward directly into the path of the oncoming train and propel him into nothingness, into cementing the past as a single moment, removing the future. Finely balanced, he debated what he should do: should he allow himself to fall forward or should he pull himself back? The image of his mother flashed in his mind, causing him to lean back ever so slightly. Mark felt his heels connect with the solidness of the platform
Taming My Inner Fundamentalist
Authors: Barth Kelly
Published: July 2024

Though I felt more at ease in a progressive church, fundamentalism was, for me, a dormant virus that lurked in my psyche and waited for lowered spiritual resistance. Each outbreak was usually less severe, but nonetheless debilitating. I regularly woke disoriented and discouraged from dreams about Celeste, a British missionary friend, with whom I had fallen privately in love during my Southwest Bible Church Singles Group years. She had come to the states for a year to provide hospice care to her cranky, toothless American grandmother.
Fix Me Please: I’m Gay!
Authors: Albert Guy
Published: July 2024

He looked as if he was straight out of One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Not just one but both of his eyes were lazy. One never knew where he was looking and if indeed he was looking at you. His voice was a slow drawl that took great patience to listen to. And he shuffled along at a turtle’s pace, barely able to motor himself, and he was seemingly constantly absorbed in some kind of trance. I was just beginning my career as a psychologist when I encountered him. I eventually learned of the unfortunate circumstances that led, at least partially, to his unusual demeanor. Early in his adulthood, he had been lobotomized, a procedure that involved inserting a sharp tool through the eye sockets to reach into specific areas of the frontal cortex—that is, the front part of the brain. The now-outdated procedure attempted to alter some mental functions to reduce certain mental health symptoms by removing small segments of gray matter.
Bad Penny
Authors: Ellison J M
Published: July 2024

My pockets always contain coins from Palestine. I keep the bills in a drawer with my passport, but the shekel coins escape and mix in with the nickels and dimes of my daily life. They turn up like bad pennies. Inevitably, I must apologize for them to unamused clerks and bus drivers. “Why do you have that in your pocket?” a friend asks, as he hands me the coin I dropped on the floor.
Jekyll’s Lover
Authors: Penha James
Published: July 2024

James Penha
Firestorm
Authors: Ostovar Afshon
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines the rise of ISIS in Syria and Iraq and of the Houthis in Yemen. ISIS’s blitzkrieg across northern Iraq threatened the government in Baghdad. ISIS’s empowerment was due in part to Iran’s strategy in Syria and the policies of the Maliki government in Iraq, and threatened Iran’s entire regional project. Iran quickly intervened to save the Iraqi state from collapse, sending troops, weapons, and overseeing the operations of its Shia militia proxies, who had now become an adjunct of the state. When the United States also intervened in support of Baghdad, the war against ISIS put Washington and Tehran nominally on the same side, but divergent agendas kept tensions high. In Yemen, the Iran-backed Houthis exploited Arab Spring unrest to gain ascendancy in the capital Sanaa. With their advance toward Aden, the Houthis commenced a military campaign aimed at gaining control of the entire country.
Peninsular Woes
Authors: Ostovar Afshon
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines how Trump’s laissez-faire approach to the Middle East encouraged bold and reckless policies by regional states. Following the storming of the Saudi consulate in Mashhad by hardliner protestors angered by the kingdom’s execution of the imprisoned Shaykh Nimr al-Nimr, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain broke relations with Iran, and the UAE and other Arab states downgraded ties. Saudi and Emirati tensions with Iran paralleled their growing anger with Qatar, and led to the imposition of a blockade on their GCC neighbor. A Saudi hit team’s assassination of Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul sparked fury in both Ankara and Washington, and led to a congressional effort to hold Mohammed bin Salman responsible and end weapons sales to Saudi Arabia. Political pressure from Washington, and a stalling campaign, caused the UAE to shift strategy in Yemen and reduce its military footprint in the war.
Inter-State Arbitration
Authors: Wordsworth Sam , Veeder Marie
Published: July 2024

The chapter examines the role played by The Hague Peace Conference of 1899, convened by the Russian Empire and the 1907 Conference in the evolution of arbitration between States. The 1907 Conference led to the replacement of the Hague Convention on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes (the 1899 Hague Convention) with the 1907 Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (the 1907 Hague Convention). These conferences led to the establishment of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (‘PCA’), whose existence marks the development of modern inter-state arbitration and, importantly, rejected the concept of an appeal from an arbitral award.
1922
Authors: Wordsworth Sam , Veeder Marie
Published: July 2024

In the years subsequent to the Russian revolution, considerable efforts were made to re-initiate the vast British mining investments of Czarist days. These efforts, which directly involved figures such as Lenin and Stalin, ultimately foundered. In the 1922 negotiations between the British mining magnate Leslie Urquhart and the Soviet Commissar for International Trade, Leonid Krasin, Urquhart insisted on the neutral arbitration of disputes. Soviet leadership was divided. One element was willing to accept neutral arbitration of concession disputes because much-needed foreign capital would not flow without it. One element (principally Lenin and Trotsky) was not, and it was that element which prevailed.
The Lena Goldfields Arbitration
Authors: Wordsworth Sam , Veeder Marie
Published: July 2024

The Lena Goldfields award was a majority award made by a tribunal chaired by Dr Otto Stutzer, professor at the Freiburg School of Mines, jointly appointed by the parties after Lena declined to accept the Russian proposal to appoint Dr Albert Einstein as chairman. Lena appointed Sir Leslie Scott, a British arbitrator. The Russian-appointed arbitrator refused to attend the hearing on orders involving Stalin and Molotov. Nonetheless, the tribunal met, in London, as the arbitration agreement allowed for the possibility of a truncated tribunal. Tribunal applied three innovative and hugely important ideas: (i) the application of a non-national system of law to the merits of a private law dispute, namely, ‘general principles of law’; (ii) the power of the majority of an arbitration tribunal to continue the proceedings in the absence of the minority; and (iii) the legal autonomy or ‘separability’ of an arbitration clause. It dissolved the most important concession granted by the USSR and required it to pay a sum for unjust enrichment of £13 million, plus interest, equivalent nowadays to about £350 million, a very large sum but much less than Lena’s actual loss.
The Alexander Lecture 2015, London 26 November 2015‘What Matters—about Arbitration’
Authors: Wordsworth Sam , Veeder Marie
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines the successes and alternatives to investor–State arbitration, with a particular look at the proposals of the European Commission to replace investor–State arbitration with a standing international investment court. As the author recognizes, it must be asked whether arbitrators, arbitration practitioners, and arbitral institutions, self-interested as they must be, are credible advocates for arbitration. However, serious questions are raised as to whether there are workable alternatives. It is suggested there is a need for more comprehensive statistical data on arbitration, some continuous monitoring and research to provide reliable data on which to base new law.
A Theory of Presidential Government Formation in New Democracies
Authors: Lee Don S.
Published: July 2024

This chapter presents a theory of presidential cabinet formation in new democracies, focusing on the chief executive’s pressures and dilemmas in dealing with key political institutions surrounding the president, namely the legislature, the ruling party, the party system, and the bureaucracy. When presidents are more constrained by these institutions, they are more likely to accommodate the latter’s interests by appointing candidates representing them to cabinet. However, when presidents have stronger command over these institutions, they have greater discretion in choosing top executive appointees from outside the institutions. Building on this argument, this chapter extends the discussion of the president’s appointment strategy when facing various conditions shaping the president’s strength vis-à-vis each of the four institutions, and then sets out the observable implications for the theory. The chapter also discusses the possible interaction between different institutions and provides predictions of how such interaction may constrain the president’s cabinet choices.
Legislative Challenges and Presidential Cabinet Choices
Authors: Lee Don S.
Published: July 2024

This chapter empirically tests the theory of presidential strategy in connection with the legislature. It argues that, facing a powerful legislature, the president tends to appoint ministers from the legislature to secure its support, but facing a weak legislature, the president is more likely to appoint nonpartisan ministers who can manage the implementation of the president’s reform agenda. The results of statistical analysis show that in circumstances where presidents face more intense challenges from the legislature, they are more likely to concede cabinet posts to other legislative parties in order to build coalitional support. However, when presidents are more effectively able to control the legislature and thus secure legislative support, they are more likely to appoint ministers from outside the legislature, that is, nonpartisan ministers. Furthermore, when facing stronger challenges from the legislature, presidents are more likely to allocate posts in key policy areas to other legislative parties.
Intraparty Tension and Presidential Cabinet Selection
Authors: Lee Don S.
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines presidents’ appointment strategy in dealing with the ruling party. The theory of the chapter predicts that when facing more pressing demands from within the ruling party, presidents are more likely to tap into the pool of copartisan ministers in order to increase party unity. However, with greater control over the ruling party, presidents have more freedom to choose ministers beyond the ruling party, that is, nonpartisan ministers. Quantitative analysis of data on presidential government formation and ministerial appointments in Asia supports this prediction. Presidents tend to appoint ministers from the ruling party in more institutionalized ruling parties, but are more likely to choose nonpartisan ministers in inchoate ruling parties. Moreover, an additional analysis adds robustness and nuance to this finding, showing that presidents are more likely to assign cabinet posts of the highest importance to copartisans as ruling parties become more institutionalized.
Prologue
Authors: Jenks Tom
Published: July 2024

The Prologue covers the author’s background, growing up white in racist Virginia, contemporaneous with the time setting of Baldwin’s story set in Harlem and the racial divide it described. The Prologue also contains thoughts about fictional masterpieces, of which “Sonny’s Blues” is one, and about what makes a great story great, with references to Tolstoy, W. H. Auden, Eudora Welty, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Raymond Carver. Aspects of voice, lyricism, and musicality, which are primary elements in “Sonny’s Blues,” are introduced. There are also thoughts on the author’s professional life as an editor and what goes into reading works of literature.
Act II
Authors: Jenks Tom
Published: July 2024

Act II explores the structure and effects that Baldwin creates in Act II of “Sonny’s Blues,” which is composed of backstory in several nested stories, one within another, revealing painful family history and perspectives that the older brother did not know because his parents had protected him from knowing, thus inculcating a habit of denial with which to withstand the white world’s indifference, fear, and hatred. Comparison is made to Baldwin’s later book-length essay The Fire Next Time, which reveals how he drew on material from his own life in order to create particular yet universal motifs that would elicit the sympathy of readers, especially ones not necessarily previously disposed to understanding the suffering of Black people. Discussion is given to how the character interactions (impasse and rupture between the brothers) dramatized in this chapter provide for the depth of reproachment in the following chapter, and how the brothers’ conflict offers an implicit analogy to the societal division between Black and white and elicits a natural human desire for healing. The chapter includes a recollection of a reading Baldwin gave at 92nd St. Y in Manhattan and his tense response to a question from the audience, challenging his fidelity to the struggle for equality.
Act III
Authors: Jenks Tom
Published: July 2024

Act III traces how “Sonny’s Blues” embodies Baldwin’s transition from having been a child preacher to taking up literature as a more likely means of contributing to human enlightenment, and how his dramatization of Sonny’s jazz performance mirrors a cultural shift from lamentation expressed in blues to triumph expressed in modal forms of jazz. Discussion is given to Baldwin’s appeal for constant attention to be paid to choosing love instead of fear as the medium of human interaction and his prophetic warning of the dire consequences otherwise, a warning that would prove out in violent racial discord in the late 1960s and today. The pattern of meaning in the story developed by Baldwin’s use of biblical allusions and a totality of imagistic, lyric, and character-based effects throughout the piece.
Winter 1940–1941
Authors: Deák Dušan , Baldwin Rowenna
Published: July 2024

Work for the Red Crescent; the second wedding of Princess Rabia; visit to Hyderabad; meeting with Sarojini Naidu; life in Hyderabad and richness of the Nizam; meeting with Salar Jang; moving to Aurangabad; visiting Ellora and Ajanta; back to Bhopal’s affairs.
Summer 1942
Authors: Deák Dušan , Baldwin Rowenna
Published: July 2024

Meeting with Franciscan monks; debates on behaviour of Indian princesses; debating black magic with the Begum and story of the Rani of Ch.; Mark’s meeting with the Bhopal ghost.
Winter 1943–1944
Authors: Deák Dušan , Baldwin Rowenna
Published: July 2024

Stories of different princes; Nagpur oranges.
Epistemic Blame
Authors: Boult Cameron
Published: July 2024

This book is about our practice of criticizing one another for epistemic failings. We clearly evaluate and critique one another for forming unjustified beliefs, harboring biases, and pursuing faulty methods of inquiry. But what is the nature of this criticism? Does it ever rise to the level of blame? The question is puzzling because there are competing sources of pressure in our intuitions about “epistemic blame,” ones not easy to reconcile. The more blame-like a response is, the less at home in the epistemic domain it seems—but the more at home in the epistemic domain a response is, the less blame-like it seems. These competing sources of pressure constitute a puzzle about epistemic blame. The most promising solution to this puzzle focuses on the interpersonal side of epistemic normativity. Members of an epistemic community stand in an “epistemic relationship,” and epistemic blame is a way of modifying this relationship. Understanding epistemic blame as a distinctive kind of relationship modification locates a response that is both robustly blame-like, and entirely at home in the epistemic domain. Epistemic relationships can also illuminate a unique set of issues in the “ethics of epistemic blame,” ones that mirror corresponding issues in the ethics of moral blame. The book examines the scope of appropriate epistemic blame, standing to epistemically blame, and the value of epistemic blame in our social and political lives. Throughout the investigation, a better understanding of the parallels and points of interaction between the epistemic and other normative domains emerges.
The Significance and Fittingness of Epistemic Blame
Authors: Boult Cameron
Published: July 2024

By linking the motivational component of epistemic blame to relationship modification, the relationship-based account can tell us something deeper about the nature of epistemic blame than the previous accounts. The chapter defends this claim in three main stages. First, it is argued that epistemic relationship modification can account for epistemic blame’s significance. Second, it is argued that epistemic relationship modification is at home in the epistemic domain. Third, the chapter advertises some further advantages of the account over its competitors, and responds to the most pressing remaining objections—including appeals to cool blame, self-blame, and blame of the dead and distant. This completes the argument that the relationship-based account can resolve the puzzle of epistemic blame.
A Promised Land
Authors: Jortner Adam
Published: July 2024

A Promised Land: Jewish Patriots, the American Revolution, and the Birth of Religious Freedom highlights the key role Jews and Judaism played in the American Revolution and the founding of the United States. As the most visible non-Christian religion, Judaism was central to the debate over religious freedom in America at a critical juncture. The decision to extend citizenship to all religions existed as a debate during the Founding generation. However, the debate was unambiguously decided against the idea of the nation being defined exclusively by Christianity. A Promised Land discusses the key struggle of early America to achieve the broadest possible definition of religious liberty in line with the separation of church and state.
Conclusion
Authors: Jortner Adam
Published: July 2024

This final chapter considers the legacy of the American Revolution. It highlights how religious freedom and religious diversity were baked into the American founding. Almost every place where Jews lived in the early American republic got rid of its religious restrictions on citizenship directly after the revolution. Religious freedom did not and does not require a theological acceptance of all faiths as equally valid, so American patriots accepted Jews as citizens without accepting Judaism. Indeed, advocates of religious freedom noted with satisfaction that broad religious freedom aided Christianity in America far more than state churches ever had. The chapter argues that the history of the American Revolution cannot be understood without the patriot Jews. It is the story of how the first generation of Americans handled religious nationalism and the challenge of a multireligious democracy. It is a case study of how the American Revolution created freedoms where there were none before.
Introduction
Authors: Craft Elizabeth T.
Published: July 2024

Laying out the framework and key ideas of the book, this introduction offers a new understanding of who George M. Cohan was and how his shows embodied the vitality and turbulence of the United States during the early twentieth century. Cohan was remarkable—then and since—for his multiplicity of talents and roles: he was a composer, lyricist, playwright, performer, director, theater owner, and producer. His shows helped tell Americans who they were, what the United States was, to whom the nation belonged and who would be excluded, at a time when each of these questions was contested. The introduction also positions Cohan, as an Irish American, and his theatrical upbringing as part of the family vaudeville troupe the Four Cohans, within the racial politics of the day.
The “Great American Service” of Yankee Doodle Dandy
Authors: Craft Elizabeth T.
Published: July 2024

Since its release in 1942, the musical biopic Yankee Doodle Dandy, starring James (“Jimmy”) Cagney, has become the primary vehicle for George M. Cohan’s legacy. Unlike the subjects of many biopics, Cohan was still living at the time of Yankee Doodle Dandy’s writing and premiere, and the film’s contract stipulated that he would be an active participant in its development and have final approval of the product. This chapter traces the film’s development, demonstrating how the film strategically elided three simultaneous histories—those of Cohan, the musical, and the nation—and how the theme of patriotism came to dominate the story. By depicting a rich theatrical history aligned with US history and Cohan’s personal story, Yankee Doodle Dandy helped not only to unify and glorify the nation during wartime but also to position the musical as the United States’ own homespun art form and solidify Cohan’s reputation as patriot extraordinaire.
Grappling All Day
Authors: Bronfman Alejandra
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the process of laying the telegraph cable in the late nineteenth-century Caribbean. Its attention to the environment and to labor challenges dominant narratives of early telegraphy that stress elites and the successes of faster communications. It turns instead to disease, environmental destruction, and exploited labor that underwrote the laying of the West India and Panama Cable and the Cuba Submarine Telegraph. Drawing from correspondence and memoirs it contextualizes the arrival of the cable amid the Cuban Wars for Independence and post-Morant Bay Jamaica. The telegraph enabled unprecedented speed of communication, with sound playing an important role, both as a way of perceiving signal quickly but also as an index and trace of imperial destruction and violence. A media archaeology of this sonic medium must attend to empire and its conscription of the sea, of labor, and ultimately of death to do its work.
Encounter and Memory in Ottoman Soundscapes
Authors: Maksudyan Nazan
Published: July 2024

Tracing multiple auditory encounters, this chapter focuses on the aural presence of street vendors in nineteenth-century Ottoman soundscapes, analyzing different listening habits and subjectivities along the lines of religion, class, language, ethnicity, and gender. I stress the way cultural difference, especially intra-imperial difference, emerges in an urban soundscape like Istanbul. The chapter describes four encounters that are embodied through the auditory practices of street vendors and that shed light upon Ottoman subjectivities, social relations, and power relations: rural-urban migration, representation of multilingualism and diversity, human-animal encounters, and the audibility of gender. The main source for this chapter is a unique audiovisual media object: an album of photos and musical transcriptions of street vendors’ cries in Western staff notation, bringing to light the intersection of the visual and sonic. I also utilize a wide range of silent (written) sources, including materials from the Ottoman archives, literature in different Ottoman languages, ego-documents, travelogues, scientific writings, and newspapers, are referenced.
Colonial Listening and the Epistemology of Deception
Authors: Steingo Gavin
Published: July 2024

Focusing on nineteenth-century colonial southern Africa, this paper suggests that the deployment of European listening technologies led equally to new forms of knowledge and new forms of deception. Particularly in colonial medical practice, deception proliferated in two main arenas: first, there was tremendous anxiety surrounding medical imposters, that is, con men and women without training who acted like doctors and nurses, and who pretended to listen to the signs of the body while making (fake) diagnoses; second, physicians doubted the efficacy of stethoscopes and frequently compared the devices to the paraphernalia of “Zulu witchdoctors.” Taken together, these twin uncertainties produced epistemological instability. In addition and contrary to increased rationalization and efficiency, imperialism therefore produced acoustic deception, counterfeiting, and illusion. Taking a cue from Ackbar Abbas, I advocate the analysis of an epistemology of deception alongside the more typical epistemology of truth.
Epistemological Jugalbandī
Authors: Williams Richard David
Published: July 2024

In the late nineteenth century, Indian scholars embedded elements of European science in new works on the nature of sound and music. Exploring a range of genres and languages, this chapter examines moments of enquiry into the physics and experience of sound, and considers points of continuity, transition, and departures in new directions. Far from a single arena of global debate, nineteenth-century books, manuscripts, and newspapers in Indian languages indicate an enormous diversity of ideas, arguments, and sonic practices, many of which intersected with ideas from Europe, but selectively and often unexpectedly. This chapter also examines sonic practices relating to medicine, healing, and divination, and interrogates how French history and British philosophy became entangled with Hindustani music and tantric hymnology. I argue these entanglements gestured to an epistemological jugalbandī—borrowing a term in Hindustani music for a creative dialogue—that is, a contrapuntal, selective, and adaptive conversation between knowledge systems.
Listening through the Operatic Voice in 1820s Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Walton Benjamin
Published: July 2024

This chapter reconsiders the arrival of Italian opera in Rio de Janeiro during the early years of Brazilian independence in the 1820s. By bringing operatic performance into contact with the sounds of the city beyond the walls of the opera house, it seeks to undermine familiar and persistent divisions between operatic and non-operatic voices, as well as between the sonic worlds inside and outside the theater. The sound of opera, as a result, became just one of many elements within the contested acoustic geographies of the city, and one more site for writers at the time to struggle over how to draw clear divisions between noise and music, not least in the context of Rio as a city whose sound worlds bore constant witness to the presence and ongoing suffering of a huge (and growing) enslaved population.
Introduction
Authors: Ganz Marshall
Published: July 2024

The author introduces this book by sharing why it was written, why it can be of value to all of us, and why a call to action matters now. The author shares the origin of what would become his “calling” for life: “enabling others to find the courage to lead, to build community, and to enable that community to turn resources it has into the power it needs to get what it wants.” Then the author shares how he learned much of the organizing craft recounted in this book. Organizing can transform the desire to achieve change into the power to create change. Organizing forms the basis of social movements that may either strengthen or undermine democracy. The chapter concludes with what this book intends to teach: “practicing democracy.”
Practicing Democracy
Authors: Ganz Marshall
Published: July 2024

In this chapter the author introduces democracy as something you do, not something you have. Its promise can only be realized through practice: placing people at the center as agents, not objects, and enabling people to turn resources they have into the power they need to make democracy work for them. Organizing is at the heart of this practice: developing leadership, growing community, and building power. It can be learned, improved upon, adapted, and sustained. Creating a culture of learning enables democracy to work.
Developmental Leadership
Authors: Ganz Marshall
Published: July 2024

In this chapter the author argues that organizing the practice of developmental leadership developmental is foundational. This requires seeing each of us as capable of learning, growth, and development. This chapter focuses on specific ways we can develop leadership in the work we do. It looks at leadership less as the capability of a single individual than as a capacity both collaborative and distributed. The focus is first on collaboration in the design, launching, and practice of “real” leadership teams. Then looks at how teams can anchor the distribution of leadership practice throughout campaigns and organization. The chapter concludes by attending to the practice of coaching as fundamental to leadership as “enabling others to achieve shared purpose in the face of uncertainty.”
Heterogeneous Hierarchy
Authors: Tymoczko Dmitri
Published: July 2024

This chapter considers phenomena contributing to long-term musical coherence: melodic connections between nonadjacent notes, the construction of directed melodies and bass lines, simple harmonic hierarchy, and phrase templates like “sentence” and “period.” The goal is to show how these higher-level structures coexist with the moment-to-moment organization described elsewhere in the book. In some cases this is a matter of superimposing multiple distinct syntactical systems. But sometimes the systems interact, as when the conventions of “sentence form” exploit features of voice-leading geometry. The chapter compares my approach with Schenker’s, providing contrasting analyses of passages from Chopin and Beethoven. It also considers the modest degree of recursion that characterizes local harmonic progressions, including secondary dominants and the cadential six-four.
I Saw Her Standing There
Authors: Rogovoy Seth
Published: July 2024

Chapter 1, “I Saw Her Standing There,” in Within You Without You, closely analyzes the early Beatles hit “I Saw Her Standing There” to tell how the group was formed and how the Beatles were the first true rock band. The chapter also explicates how George Harrison’s guitar playing on the recording set the parameters for what distinguished the Beatles sound. The first Beatles track to include a George Harrison guitar solo contains what will come to define Harrison’s approach to solos: a mixture of single-note lines with double stops and chords; hammer-ons, bends, trills, and sliding notes and chords. His frequent pauses and space serve as punctuation, as musical elements unto themselves, giving the solo air and breath. In another Harrison touch, the number comes to a halt with what would soon become another Beatles signature: one of Harrison’s “naughty,” unresolved chords that concludes the song ambiguously.