bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Will Artificial Intelligence Translate Big Data Into Improved Medical Care or Be a Source of Confusing Intrusion? A Discussion Between a (Cautious) Physician Informatician and an (Optimistic) Medical Informatics Researcher
Authors: Zeng-Treitler Qing , Nelson Stuart J
Published: October 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI), the computerized capability of doing tasks, which until recently was thought to be the exclusive domain of human intelligence, has demonstrated great strides in the past decade. The abilities to play games, provide piloting for an automobile, and respond to spoken language are remarkable successes. How are the challenges and opportunities of medicine different from these challenges and how can we best apply these data-driven techniques to patient care and outcomes? A New England Journal of Medicine paper published in 1980 suggested that more well-defined “specialized” tasks of medical care were more amenable to computer assistance, while the breadth of approach required for defining a problem and narrowing down the problem space was less so, and perhaps, unachievable. On the other hand, one can argue that the modern version of AI, which uses data-driven approaches, will be the most useful in tackling tasks such as outcome prediction that are often difficult for clinicians and patients. The ability today to collect large volumes of data about a single individual (eg, through a wearable device) and the accumulation of large datasets about multiple persons receiving medical care has the potential to apply to the care of individuals. As these techniques of analysis, enumeration, aggregation, and presentation are brought to bear in medicine, the question arises as to their utility and applicability in that domain. Early efforts in decision support were found to be helpful; as the systems proliferated, later experiences have shown difficulties such as alert fatigue and physician burnout becoming more prevalent. Will something similar arise from data-driven predictions? Will empowering patients by equipping them with information gained from data analysis help? Patients, providers, technology, and policymakers each have a role to play in the development and utilization of AI in medicine. Some of the challenges, opportunities, and tradeoffs implicit here are presented as a dialog between a clinician (SJN) and an informatician (QZT).
The Last Mile: Where Artificial Intelligence Meets Reality
Authors: Coiera Enrico
Published: October 2019

Although much effort is focused on improving the technical performance of artificial intelligence, there are compelling reasons to focus more on the implementation of this technology class to solve real-world applications. In this “last mile” of implementation lie many complex challenges that may make technically high-performing systems perform poorly. Instead of viewing artificial intelligence development as a linear one of algorithm development through to eventual deployment, there are strong reasons to take a more agile approach, iteratively developing and testing artificial intelligence within the context in which it finally will be used.
Unlocking the Power of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Medicine
Authors: Lovis Christian
Published: October 2019

Data-driven science and its corollaries in machine learning and the wider field of artificial intelligence have the potential to drive important changes in medicine. However, medicine is not a science like any other: It is deeply and tightly bound with a large and wide network of legal, ethical, regulatory, economical, and societal dependencies. As a consequence, the scientific and technological progresses in handling information and its further processing and cross-linking for decision support and predictive systems must be accompanied by parallel changes in the global environment, with numerous stakeholders, including citizen and society. What can be seen at the first glance as a barrier and a mechanism slowing down the progression of data science must, however, be considered an important asset. Only global adoption can transform the potential of big data and artificial intelligence into an effective breakthroughs in handling health and medicine. This requires science and society, scientists and citizens, to progress together.
Exploring the Characteristics and Behaviors of Nurses Who Have Attained Microcelebrity Status on Instagram: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kerr Hanna , Booth Richard , Jackson Kimberley
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Instagram is a social media platform that enables users to share images and videos worldwide. Some nurses have used Instagram to document their experiences as a nurse and have subsequently gained microcelebrity status—that is, a user who purposefully seeks to amass a substantive Web-based following and has become recognized as a niche area of interest.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify the characteristics and behaviors of microcelebrity nurses who act as influencers on Instagram and use their nursing profile to gain attention and presence on the Web.

METHODS

A qualitative, exploratory, nonparticipatory content analysis of media and text generated by a purposeful sample of 10 registered nurses who use Instagram and sustain a definable microcelebrity status was conducted. In this study, manifest and latent data were examined to gain an understanding of the characteristics and behaviors of nurses who have attained microcelebrity status on Instagram.

RESULTS

Data analysis revealed 5 themes of Instagram posts: (1) engaging Instagram users, (2) educational opportunities and insights, (3) nursing-related humor, (4) emotions experienced by nurses, and (5) media and narratives including patient details or work context. Messages were primarily positive in nature; however, multiple potential privacy, ethical, and professional issues were noted throughout the posted content.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study help to expand the current knowledge related to the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, especially in regard to the emergence of nurses who use this form of technology to achieve or maintain a microcelebrity status. This study calls for additional research on nurses’ attainment of microcelebrity status on social media as well as further policy development to adequately prepare nurses to navigate social media.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure and the Choice between Bank Debt and Public Debt
Authors: Tan Weiqiang , Tsang Albert , Wang Wenming , Zhang Wenlan
Published: October 2019

SYNOPSIS

This study examines whether and how corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure plays a role in firms' choices of public versus private debt financing. We find that borrowing firms with higher levels of CSR disclosure tend to rely more on public debt than private debt. Further analyses reveal that the relation between CSR disclosure and firms' reliance on public debt is stronger for borrowing firms with higher financial reporting quality, and with standalone or externally assured CSR reports. In addition, we find that borrowing firms with higher levels of CSR disclosure tend to issue bonds at more favorable terms (i.e., lower bond yield spread and longer maturity). Together, our findings are consistent with the notion that nonfinancial CSR disclosure plays an incrementally important role in a firm's debt placement decisions.

JEL Classifications: G32; M14; M21.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources identified in the paper.
The Effects of Auditor Designation by the Regulator on Auditor Decisions: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Shim Tae Sup , Pae Su Jin , Choi Eugene
Published: October 2019

The Korean market regulator designates external auditors for certain companies that have strong incentives to manage their earnings or that require strict external audits (the auditor designation system [ADS]). The ADS offers an interesting research setting for examining the effects of transferring the power of auditor selection to the regulator. Based on the results of a quasi-experiment with Korean auditors, we find that the ADS may be effective in reducing aggressive client accounting policy choices and achieve greater consensus in a hypothetical impairment loss recognition case. Although more research is needed on the various types of audit engagement systems, the results imply that the ADS may improve audit quality. Thus, auditor designation by the regulator for certain companies that try to manage their earnings (i.e., the ADS) may be a favorable alternative to the current audit engagement system.

Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
Does the Effectiveness of Interspersed and Blocked Questions Vary across Readers?
Authors: Phillips Fred , Lobdell Brooke , Neigum Jonathan
Published: October 2019

This paper examines whether answering questions that are interspersed within a reading versus presented as a block after a reading produces different learning outcomes for different readers. In an initial study, financial accounting students who read with interspersed (blocked) questioning earned higher exam scores if, in other courses, they typically read before (after) class. A follow-up study randomly assigned students to either interspersed or blocked questioning when reading about business viability. Interspersed questions led to greater delayed recall by stronger readers, whereas blocked questions led to greater delayed recall by weaker readers. A third study randomly assigned type of questioning (interspersed or blocked) and reading conditions (mind-wandering induced or not) to students learning the revenue recognition model. Test scores were higher when interspersed questions were asked of students not induced to mind-wander and when blocked questions were asked of students induced to mind-wander.
Quality Reliability Service Towards Student Satisfaction
Authors: Isnaeni Fajar , Widagdo Suwignyo , Supardi Supardi
Published: October 2019

This study aims to examine and analyze the simultaneous effect of service quality on student satisfaction, test and analyze the partial effect of service quality on student satisfaction, test and analyze variables that have a dominant influence on student satisfaction. This research method uses multiple linear regression analysis which is used to determine how much influence the independent (independent) variables, namely Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy on the dependent variable is student satisfaction. Research site is at STES Ihya 'Ulumiddin Banyuwangi. The study took a sample of 39 people. While the results of this study can be drawn as follows, the variables Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Emphaty simultaneously affect student satisfaction. The partial test of the Reliability variable, Responsiveness, Assurance and Emphaty is positive, but the Tangible variable is negative. Reliability variables are variables that have a dominant and significant influence on student satisfaction.
Perbandingan Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia dan India di Kawasan Afrika
Authors: Poerwantika Tine Ratna , Kotwhani Alisa
Published: October 2019

Diplomasi ekonomi merupakan aspek vital dalam relasi bernegara. Saat ini negara cenderung melakukan diplomasi ekonomi untuk meningkatkan perdagangan dan juga membuka akses pasar baru ditengah berkembangnya tren proteksionisme. Kawasan Afrika merupakan salah satu emerging economy market yang menjadi tujuan diplomasi ekonomi negara-negara. Indonesia dan India yang memiliki relasi historis dalam kerangka Konferensi Asia Afrika juga mengorientasikan diplomasi ekonominya di kawasan Afrika. Tulisan ini kemudian akan mengkaji bagaimana praktek diplomasi ekonomi kedua negara di kawasan.
Pengembangan Modul Matematika Berbasis Problem Solving pada Materi Vektor
Authors: Ariskasari Dewi , Pratiwi Dona Dinda
Published: October 2019

This study aims to develop, determine the response and effectiveness of problem-based mathematical modules on vector material. This type of research is research and development or better known as Research and Development (R&D). The approach model used in this study is ADDIE. Data analysis techniques in this study were used to calculate the validity of the validators, the response of educators and students, and the effectiveness of mathematics teaching materials. The results of the validation test conducted by the validator are 3.24 the criteria are quite valid. The results of educator responses 3.21 with interesting criteria, response to small-scale trials of 3.4 with very interesting responses and field trials of 3.8 with very interesting responses. The results of the effectiveness test conducted during the field test got a percentage of 61% with effective criteria. From these data it shows that instructional materials are feasible to use based on the educator's response and effectiveness carried out by students, so the development of mathematical modules is appropriate for use in schools.
Comparative Study of Antioxidant Phycocyanin Extracts Activity between S. platensis with S. fusiformis Using DPPH Method
Authors: Margiati Dwi , Ramdani Danni , Wulandari Asri Peni
Published: October 2019

Phycocyanin is Spirulina’s content which has antioxidant activity to inhibit oxidation process or formation of free radicals that play a role in the initiation high-degenerative diseases. This research is aim to determine the best antioxidant activity of S. platensis with S. fusiformis through the best extraction methods of Spirulina cell between distilled water and PBS (Phosphate Buffer Solution). This research method existed Spirulina cell extraction used distilled water and PBS, and then followed by fractionation and dialysis phycocyanin extract, afterward tested the antioxidant activity used DPPH method. The result of extraction used PBS with a salt concentration of ammonium sulfate 30% produced the best purity value of phycocyanin extract of both types of Spirulina. Results of tested the antioxidant activity, S. fusiformis has the best antioxidant activity compared with S .platensis with a value of 311.43 ppm and 387.36 ppm, respectively.Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, Phycocyanin extracts, S. fusiformis, S. Platensis
ADULTERY CHILD STATUS IN ISLAMIC LAW AND IN THE CIVIL CODE
Authors: Disemadi Hari Sutra
Published: October 2019

Problems regarding the status of children born outside of legal marital relations are still interesting discussions. In the community the status of children is often questioned, because not a few children are born without marriage. So from this this study will focus on the status of illegitimate children in Islamic law and in the Civil Code. The research method used is a normative juridical research method based on secondary data, namely primary legal material, secondary legal material and tertiary legal material. This research shows that in Islamic law and Civil Code the legitimate denial of children can result in the breakup of marriage making the child an illegitimate child and not having an inheritance relationship with his parents, but his mother according to Islamic law. If the child of adultery is associated with obligations and responsibilities regarding survival, then the parents or fathers are still charged with the obligation to provide a living. As the cost of living and the cost of their education as needed or according to their abilities, because he is the biological father of the child. If the status of the adultery child is associated with inheritance according to BW, then he does not inherit at all to the two tunya people. but if it is associated with Islamic inheritance, then he inherits only his mother and his mother's family.
THE DROWNING POLICY THE FOREIGN FISHING VESSELS OF ILLEGAL FISHINGBY INDONESIA GOVERNMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Tua Amry Mangihut
Published: October 2019

The drowning of foreign fishing vessels of illegal fishing actors in Indonesia teritory is one of law enforcement efforts to against the eradication of illegal fishing and to enforce the sovereignty of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. It is a special act mandated in Article 69 paragraph (4) of Law No. 45 of 2009 on fisheries. This sinking policy invites controversy from neighboring countries because it is considered as an action that violates the principle of peaceful dispute resolution and is not regulated in international law. Indonesia keep continues to enforce this policy because it is considered the most effective step in reducing massive illegal fishing in Indonesian waters and has a deterrent effect for the actors. Keywords: drowning policy of foreign ship, illegal fishing, international law
THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT’S POLICY IN INCREASING THE REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME THROUGH RETRIBUTION TARIFF COLLECTION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND THE LIKE
Authors: Citrawan Ahmad Lanang , Mucahrom Rully Syahrul
Published: October 2019

Regional autonomy essentially pushes the regional government to take care of its own region’s affairs. In the regional autonomy, the orientation in its development is surely based on the region’s potentials in various aspects and legalities to push the region’s potential of productivity. One of the reasons is so that the region may be advanced in the aspect of development. It cannot be denied that online transportations – both those which are two-wheeled or four-wheeled – have become a trend in the society as it has the advantage of an eased system. With this ease, there needs to be strategic policies in the form of regional government policies to increase the region’s potentials especially in the aspect of regional retribution through the public transportations provided by the transportation companies. This is so that the Regional Original Income may increase. This regulation is hierarchic. Thus, it gives the regional government to form a policy regarding the collection of regional retribution through public transportation services. This may increase the Regional Original Income in the framework of regional autonomy. This research uses a normative approach to analyze the region’s potentials to collect regional retribution through public transportation services, and it is regulated in the Constitution No. 28 of 2009 regarding Tax and Regional Retribution
House of Representative Dubious Authority Study of Selection Committee Existence for the Central Indonesian Broadcasting Commission Member
Authors: Mamulai Muslim , Ahmad Ahmad
Published: October 2019

Selection for commission member of Central Indonesian Broadcasting is administered by house of representative; nonetheless, the implementation is managed by the selection committee formed by the ministry of Communication and Information. The house of representative will conduct proper test to selection committee in order to examine the element of community and academic capacity within broadcasting field. Indonesian Ministry of Communication and information as the official has unjustly determined lists of Central Indonesian Broadcasting Commission Member candidates that has passed proper test selection by the house of representative. As a result, it harms those who do not qualify. The non-transparent determination violates the applicable laws and general principles of good governance so that it has harmed the rights and interests of some prospective members of the Central Indonesian Broadcasting Commission who have spent their energy, thoughts and time, as well as costs to participate in the selection
BUNDLING PRODUCT AS A COOPERATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN BANKS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES (BANCASURRANCE) IN RELATIONS WITH UNHEALTHY BUSINESS COMPETITION
Authors: Agustina Rani Sri
Published: October 2019

Banking institutions and insurance companies are two different finance institutions, both in terms of the type of business and in terms of the principles. The two of them undergo a cooperation (bancasurrance) through referential activities, distribution, and product integration. The cooperation activity of marketing integrated products is carried out by banks by offering and selling bundled products. Bundling is a marketing activity which is allowed, yet its implementation is almost the same as tying agreement, which is one of the prohibited agreements as it may lead to unhealthy business competition.
SOCIAL CULTURE AS KING OF VILLAGE GOVERNMENT “Perspective of Village Chief Election System Distortion Analysis in Pucung Village, Kismantoro District, Wonogiri Regency” BUDAYA SOSIAL SEBAGAI RAJA PEMERINTAHAN DESA
Authors: Sanusi Anwar , Bintoro Bima Wahyu , Wijaya Graha Dwi , Indiantoro Alfalachu
Published: October 2019

The village chief election is a form of village autonomy in the political aspect which aims to choose a prospecting leader od the village. It is a form of democracy in the village level. This is because the society is directly involved in it. The problem which arise regarding the Village Chief Election in Indonesia is the deviation of campaign activities which is against the regulation. Some deviations found by the researcher include incitement from the supporters to the society. This incitement is done by insulting other prospecting village head or negative campaign which may disturb the village head election system. Based on the Constitution No. 6 year 2014 Article 36 paragraph 3, “Prospecting Village Chiefs may undergo campaign based on the condition of the village society and the provisions of the constitutional regulations”. Yet, the reality is sometimes not according to the regulations
Dietary Administration of Ethanol and Methanol Extracts of Withania somnifera Root Stimulates Innate Immunity, Physiological Parameters and Growth in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Mukherjee Debosree , Ghosal Indranath , Moniruzzaman Mahammed , De Manojit , Chakraborty Suman Bhusan
Published: October 2019

Efficacy of ethanol and methanol extracts of medicinal herb Withania somnifera roots was evaluated in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus on immunostimulation and growth. Withania roots were extracted with water, ethanol, methanol, methylene chloride, hexane, successive methanol. Phenol, flavonoid content and antiradical activity of all the extracts were measured. Ethanol extract showed the highest phenol, flavonoid content and antiradical activity followed by methanol extract. Subsequently, Nile tilapia (n = 126) were fed diets containing different concentrations (0.0, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g kg−1 feed) of ethanol and methanol extracts of W. somnifera roots for 30 days (3 replicates). Fish fed plant extract fortified diets showed significantly better (P<0.05) immunological, haematological, biochemical and growth parameters compared to the fish fed control diet. Fish fed diet containing ethanol extract at the concentration of 0.7 g kg−1 feed showed the highest immunological (phagocytotic activity, respiratory burst activity, serum lysozyme, total protein, total immunoglobulin), haematological (total red blood cells, haemoglobin, hematocrit, total white blood cells, lymphocyte), biochemical (reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase activity) and growth (final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate) parameters. The plant extract might act as potent free radical scavenger in fish tissues and have tissue protecting ability, thus increasing fish health.
Participation Rates of Freshwater Recreational Fisheries in the Counties of Croatia
Authors: Treer Tomislav
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research was to define the participation rates of freshwater anglers in Croatia, their changes over the years and their differences across the counties of Croatia. In spite of a continuous population decline ever since Croatia joined the EU, the number of anglers has slightly increased to around 1%. The counties can be divided into three groups – counties on the Adriatic coast where marine fisheries are dominant, a very urbanized City of Zagreb and the remaining inland counties. In freshwater recreational fisheries in Croatia, the tradition and availability of fishing grounds dominate the participation rate of anglers. However, there are indications of the influence of GDP values so the counties with GDP over 6,500 euros per capita expressed positive relationship to the percentage of anglers (p<0.05). On the other hand, densely populated county of the City of Zagreb confirms that urbanization and much higher GDP result in a much lower percentage of recreational fishermen.
A Review of Extant Croatian Freshwater Fish and Lampreys
Authors: Ćaleta Marko , Marčić Zoran , Buj Ivana , Zanella Davor , Mustafić Perica , Duplić Aljoša , Horvatić Sven
Published: October 2019

A checklist of the freshwater fish fauna of Croatia is presented for the first time. It is based on 1360 publications of historical and recent data in the literature. According to the literature review, there were 137 fish species in 30 families and 75 genera recorded in Croatia. The checklist is systematically arranged and provides distributional data of the freshwater fish fauna as well as whether the species is endemic, introduced or translocated.
Linking CRM capabilities to business performance: a comparison within markets and between products
Authors: Trif Simona-Mihaela , Duțu Cristian , Tuleu Daniela-Liliana
Published: October 2019

Business performance is the primary goal of any type of firm, being a top priority for managers. Customer relationship management (CRM) capabilities is known in the literature as an important driver of business performance. However, there are significant differences across firms due to market settings they are acting on, or to the nature of products they are selling. Yet, little is known about how the impact of CRM capabilities on business performance vary across Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer markets, or across firms that are selling goods or services. In this study, we use data from a sample of 102 firms to investigate how customer relationship orientation influence the dimensions of CRM capabilities and how these capabilities determine customer satisfaction and market effectiveness, two business performance outcomes. Structural equation modelling is used in order to test the hypothesized relationships. The total sample is spilt into subsamples taking into consideration market settings and product type criteria, and the hypothesis are tested within them. Our results reveal that in case of each subsample, customer satisfaction and market effectiveness are driven by different dimensions of CRM capabilities. Critically, we find that in cases of firms that are acting mainly on Business-to-Business markets, customer relationship orientation doesn’t influence customer relationship upgrading capability, a dimension of CRM capabilities. Finally, the implications of these results for practitioners and managers are presented.
Visual Crisis Communication in the Scandinavian Press
Authors: Daniela Maier Carmen , Frandsen Finn , Johansen Winni
Published: October 2019

This study marks a shift in research focus from verbal to visual aspects in crisis communication and contributes to the emerging field of visual crisis communication by exploring the use of images in the Scandinavian press when reporting on and/or commemorating a disaster. We used rhetorical arena theory (RAT) and a social semiotic approach to visual analysis to investigate how fifteen newspapers from Sweden, Norway and Denmark visualised the MS Estonia disaster ten, fifteen and twenty years after the sinking of the ship. We examined 93 images published on the anniversaries in 2004, 2009 and 2014 to determine what kinds of images accompanied the press reports and how these changed over time. The results demonstrate that the images, which changed considerably over time, represented the disaster both as an irreversible loss and as a process with a strong symbolic value.
Language in the Conflict of Laws: Qualification, Meaning of Concepts. The Case of Marriage
Authors: Bagan-Kurluta Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

According to E. G. Lorenzen, the international theory of the conflict of laws rests almost wholly on fiction. The discipline of conflict of laws is created by a huge number of national internal laws and quite a large number of international instruments. Concepts used there are interpreted in many ways illustrating the variety of legal solutions and values. Some of the instruments facilitating the correct application of law are unregulated. One of them is qualification, which starts the process of indication and application of the proper law and assists in its completion.
Linguistic Rights in the Education System in Light of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (By the Example of Poland and Lithuania)
Authors: Doliwa-Klepacka Anna
Published: October 2019

One of the fields of protecting human rights within the framework of standards of the Council of Europe is the protection of national minorities – with the special issue of their linguistic rights. An intensification of actions aimed at adopting legal measures in this field happened in the 1960s. The concern for a proper range and level of regulation was expressed at the level of the Parliamentary Assembly and the Committee of Ministers. National experts formulated detailed resolutions to include the goals of international organizations such as CSCE and the United Nations concerning this matter. The fact that the framework convention was chosen as the means bears witness to a significant provision that the guarantee of rights were realized in the most flexible manner, including the designations and capacities of State parties.

This article includes an analysis of three stages of work connected with ensuring linguistic rights for national minorities, with a special emphasis on the linguistic rights in the education system. On the one hand, actions which resulted in the acceptance of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities are shown. On the other hand, the goals and details of this Convention are described. The third section concerns the analysis of mechanisms for monitoring the realization of the rights included in the Convention. Due to limitations in the terms of reference for this work, the analysis of the convention guarantees, and their realization, was limited to linguistic rights in the education system. The practice of these actions was shown through examples in Poland and Lithuania.

The right to education for national minorities (in a general sense) including knowledge about their culture, traditions, and their input into the development of the society of a given country is one of the rights clearly stated in the Framework Convention. By the same token are linguistic rights in an education system – the right to teach the language of a national minority or to teach in the language of a minority. As practice in Poland and Lithuania shows, the situation of education of national minorities is different, although some of the problems are common: an example for that would be access to proper coursebooks in the languages of national minorities, or properly trained teachers.
Metaphoric Use of Denotations for Colours in the Language of Law
Authors: Kordić Ljubica
Published: October 2019

In many papers dealing with the stylistic features of legal texts, metaphor is highlighted as a stylistic figure often used in the language of law. On a daily basis we can witness the frequent use of metaphoric collocations like soft laws, hard laws, silent partner, hedge funds, etc. In this paper, the author analyses the use of denotations for colours as constituent parts of metaphoric collocations in the language of law. The analysis is conducted by using a comparative approach to examples extracted by means of computer technology from international bills and conventions available online. In the main part of the paper, examples are classified by using a colour denotation as the main criterion for the classification. After that, the examples are compared with corresponding expressions used in German and Croatian. Taking into account the main principle of the Skopos translation theory that differences between cultures strongly influence the translation process, the hypothesis of this research is that in many cases there will be no lexical equivalence between collocations with colour denotation in three languages. Due to the fact that international bills and conventions build the corpus of the research, and that the English language has become the lingua franca of international communication, it can be expected that some metaphoric terms and collocations would be literally translated from English. Conclusions drawn from the comparative analysis of legal collocations containing denotations for colours can be interesting to lawyers and LSP teachers in the field of law. In this sense, results of the research can contribute to motivational aspects of teaching Legal English and Legal German.
Language and Law: Brevity and Drafting in Law, Business, and the Social Sciences
Authors: Shattah Joseph
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the author intends to present an approach against lengthy contracts, judgements, and pleadings. He describes the advantages of brevity, conciseness, and plain English, focusing on research in Israel and abroad. An extreme example of how a whole page may be condensed into one sentence is provided by the author, as well as the opinion of a Supreme Court Chief Justice regarding methods to be used in writing good judgments, and a lawyer’s proposal to summarize pleadings. In the second part of this paper, the author briefly illustrates the differences between three disciplines: Law, Business Administration, and Social Sciences. He proposes that the Law should examine and adopt several elements from other disciplines that can have a positive impact on legal language.
The Role of Smartphones for Online Language Use in the Context of Polish and Croatian Students of Different Disciplines
Authors: Sierocka Halina , Jurković Violeta , Varga Mirna
Published: October 2019

Easy and cheap access to the Internet and a wide array of new technologies, such as smartphones, have multiplied opportunities for online informal learning of English (OILE). Yet, despite sizeable research, few studies have examined the issue of OILE in the context of university students of different disciplines. The aim of this research study was to examine the role of online language use through smartphones among students of various disciplines and its possible effects on enhancement of their foreign language skills. The study assumed both qualitative and quantitative methodology encompassing three research instruments: an online survey, the self-assessment language competence grid of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFRL; Council of Europe, 2001) and a semi-structured interview. Data were collected with 377 students from two universities: University of Białystok, Poland and University of Osijek, Croatia. The research outcomes indicate that both Croatian and Polish students of different disciplines use their smartphones chiefly for receptive activities with infrequent use for language learning purposes and the predominant use of the mother tongue or English for the listed online activities through smartphones do not significantly affect the self-assessed level of their communicative competence in English. However, it can be stated that the choice of the preponderant language for online use through smartphones, especially for study-related issues, is conditioned by the students’ discipline of study.
Rape-related Terminology in Japanese and its Translation into English and Polish
Authors: Trzaskawka Paula
Published: October 2019

The aim of this paper is to discuss a selection of Japanese rape-related terminology and their potential equivalents in English and Polish. In this article the author will present an analysis of chosen rape-related terminology which is present in legislation and other legal texts, as well as in the media. Firstly, the definitions of selected terms will be provided; next, potential equivalents from the British, American, and Polish legal systems will be chosen in order to carry out comparative linguistic analysis. Finally, conclusions will be drawn on whether there are near, partial, or no equivalents in the languages under scrutiny.
Field-specific Conventions in the Translation of Commercial Law Documentation for Court Proceedings
Authors: Więcławska Edyta
Published: October 2019

The paper presents findings gathered in an exploratory, descriptive, corpus-based analysis of a parallel corpus composed of English corporate documents and their translations into Polish with regard to the frequency-related, binary strategy distribution pattern. In general, the author posits a distinctiveness of interlingual communication in the domain of law, as delineated by the institutional and disciplinary framework. The material extracted from the corpus and studied for its generic features (author, forthcoming-a) points to the hermetic character of corporate written communication in English. The thesis to be verified is whether there are any tendencies in the distribution of the translation strategies in the corpus texts. The research question was operationalised via coding the corpus extracts according to the binary strategy division scheme. Further, the data have been discussed in reference to the sociocultural background of the communicative situation covered under the analysis in order to account for the translators’ motivation.
Theoretic Analysis of Implicatures in Pride and Prejudice and Its Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Anggraini Dita Rizki , Petrus Ismail , Inderawati Rita
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed at finding out the implicatures, the types of the implicatures, and the intended meaning of the implicatures employed by the characters in Jane Austenâ€™s Pride and Prejudice. This study was a descriptive qualitative study with corpus-based approach. The data were collected through some procedures, namely reading the novel repeatedly and thoroughly, determining the utterances containing implicatures in dialogues based on the relevance theory, and selecting and organizing the data to be analyzed. To analyze the data, the procedures were presenting and describing the data, Â interpreting the data by referring to the relevance theory, determining the implicated premises and implicated conclusions, determining the strongly implicated conclusions and weakly implicated conclusions, and interpreting and describing the intended meanings of the implicatures. From the results, there were 60 implicatures found in the novel and the two types of them were strong and weak implicatures. As the follow-up, a dissemination to the second semester students of Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University was conducted which yielded to the result that there was no significant association between the respondentsâ€™ knowledge of implicatures and relevance theory and their performance in analyzing implicatures using the theory with the p-value of 0.406 (p-value > 0.05).
Digital Quiz as Media to Review Material for English Education Students
Authors: Mukaromah Dyah , Mutoharoh Anisa
Published: October 2019

Abstract: This study aims to explain the digital quiz to review learning material. Material Development is a subject that is reviewed by the student and the review done through Quizalize. A digital quiz which is so user friendly and quick interesting. The participants of this research are sixteen students of English Education Department, from University of Technology Yogyakarta. The researchers used qualitative descriptive to analyze the data. Qualitative data are obtained from quiz that has been completed by the students. The result of this study shows that the display of the quiz is interesting, Quizalize provides analysis for each questions, Quizalize also shows the result for each student, grouped students into categories based on their score. The researchers recommend Quizalize as digital quiz that can be used by the teacher to review the material.Keywords: digital quiz, review, material development, quizalize
Internet Use, Reading Habit and Reading Ability of Students of Private Junior High Schools in Kecamatan Ilir Timur II Palembang
Authors: Priambodo Sigit , Loeneto Bambang A. , Diem Chuzaimah D.
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to find out whether or not (1) there is Â any significant correlation between reading ability and reading habit, (2) There is any significant correlation between reading ability and internet use, (3) There is any significant correlation among reading ability, internet use, and reading habit of students of private junior high schools inÂ  Kecamatan Ilir Timur II Palembang. This study was a quantitative research approach with a corelational research design. The researcher collected the data through 2 instruments namely, reading test and questionnaires. A test was used to find out studentsâ€™ reading ability and questionnaires were used to find out studentsâ€™ reading habits and internet use. The population of this study was 803 and 120 for the population. To analyze the data, the procedures were presenting and describing the data,Â  testing the hypotheses, and analyzing the regression. From the results, only internet use and reading ability that had a significant correlation (p-value > 0.05). The result of the regression analysis between internet use to reading ability showed that the correlation between those variables was 16,7%.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) through Role Play and Task-Based Instruction
Authors: Rahmatillah Kartini
Published: October 2019

ThisÂ researchÂ focusesÂ onÂ severalÂ aims,Â firstÂ whetherÂ CommunicativeÂ LanguageÂ TeachingÂ (CLT)Â throughÂ RoleÂ PlayÂ andÂ TaskÂ BasedÂ InstructionÂ bestÂ implementedÂ inÂ EnglishÂ learningÂ processÂ inÂ STIEÂ MadaniÂ Balikpapan.SecondÂ itÂ aimsÂ toÂ proveÂ whetherÂ CommunicativeÂ LanguageÂ TeachingÂ (CLT)Â canÂ improveÂ studentsâ€™Â EnglishÂ skillÂ basedÂ onÂ TOEFLÂ score.Â Third,Â itÂ aimsÂ toÂ findÂ outÂ studentsâ€™Â perceptionÂ aboutÂ theÂ implementationÂ ofÂ CommunicativeÂ LanguageÂ TeachingÂ (CLT)Â inÂ EnglishÂ learningÂ processÂ inÂ STIEÂ MadaniÂ Balikpapan.ItÂ isÂ aÂ combinationÂ ofÂ quantitativeÂ andÂ qualitativeÂ researchÂ inÂ whichÂ survey,Â experiment,Â andÂ interviewÂ areÂ doneÂ relatedÂ toÂ theÂ aimsÂ ofÂ theÂ research.Â TheÂ sampleÂ isÂ 37Â studentsÂ fromÂ twoÂ classesÂ thatÂ tookÂ EnglishÂ Practice/TOEFLÂ subjectÂ inÂ academicÂ yearÂ ofÂ 2019-2020.Â TheÂ resultÂ statedÂ thatÂ CommunicativeÂ LanguageÂ TeachingÂ (CLT)Â isÂ bestÂ implementedÂ throughÂ roleÂ playÂ andÂ taskÂ basedÂ instruction.CLTÂ helpsÂ studentsÂ toÂ betterÂ achieveÂ theirÂ TOEFLÂ scoreÂ sinceÂ thereÂ isÂ anÂ increaseÂ betweenÂ theÂ pretestÂ andÂ theÂ post-test.Â ThroughÂ theÂ useÂ ofÂ CommunicativeÂ LanguageÂ TeachingÂ (CLT)Â approachÂ inÂ class,Â studentsÂ feelÂ theyÂ haveÂ interestÂ moreÂ inÂ learningÂ English,Â doÂ notÂ feelÂ afraidÂ inÂ makingÂ mistakeÂ againÂ becauseÂ theyÂ knowÂ theyÂ areÂ stillÂ learning,Â andÂ itÂ helpsÂ themÂ betterÂ inÂ communication.Â CommunicativeÂ LanguageÂ TeachingÂ (CLT)Â isÂ aÂ betterÂ promisingÂ wayÂ ofÂ learningÂ EnglishÂ sinceÂ inÂ whichÂ studentsÂ areÂ practicingÂ EnglishÂ asÂ ifÂ theyÂ areÂ usingÂ itÂ inÂ realÂ situation.FurtherÂ suggestionÂ isÂ thatÂ toÂ makeÂ useÂ ofÂ thisÂ approachÂ inÂ classroomÂ activitiesÂ andÂ encouragesÂ studentsÂ toÂ activelyÂ participateÂ inÂ eachÂ activities,Â whetherÂ inÂ classroomÂ orÂ outsideÂ theÂ classroom.Â
Fälle zum Verwaltungsrecht
Authors: Eisentraut Nikolas , Abromeit Wolfgang , Brade Alexander , Brings-Wiesen Tobias , Burbach Hendrik , Giere Katrin , Himstedt Jana , Kernchen Tanja , Kienle Thomas , Leinenbach Isabel , Michel Stefan , Prinz Hendrik , Sikora Judith , Skobel Eva , Sollmann Erik
Published: October 2019

Das vorliegende Fallrepetitorium zum Verwaltungsrecht ist das erste offen lizenzierte Fallrepetitorium in der deutschen Rechtswissenschaft. Es will als Leuchtturmprojekt die Idee freier Bildungsmaterialien (sog. Open Educational Resources) in den Bereich der rechtswissenschaftlichen Ausbildungsliteratur tragen und zum Nachahmen anregen. Es begleitet das ebenfalls 2019 erschienene Lehrbuch Verwaltungsrecht in der Klausur und bereichert dieses konkrete Fallbeispiele. "Fälle zum Verwaltungsrecht präsentiert das prüfungsrelevante Verwaltungsrecht anhand von 16 großen Fällen, die in dieser Form auch in Klausuren abgeprüft werden könnten. Die ausführlichen Lösungen werden von einer Einführung in die gutachterliche Prüfung und von Prüfungsschemata für die wichtigsten Klage- und Antragsarten der VwGO begleitet. Abstimmt auf die Inhalte des Open-Access-Lehrbuchs Verwaltungsrecht in der Klausur kann mit dem Fallrepetitorium die praktische Arbeit mit Sachverhalten in Klausuren trainiert werden. Der Herausgeber Nikolas Eisentraut ist Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Fachbereich Rechtswissenschaft der Freien Universität Berlin und Alumni des von Wikimedia, dem Stifterverband und der VolkswagenStiftung geförderten Fellow-Programms Freies Wissen, in dessen Rahmen dieses Fallrepetitorium entstanden ist.
Analysis of efficiency of photodynamic teeth bleaching with the use of photosensitizer chlorine e6
Authors: Korshunova A. V. , Makarov V. I. , Ryabova A. V. , Romanishkin I. D. , Zorina O. A. , Krechina E. K. , Ponomarev G. V.
Published: October 2019

Teeth whitening is one of the most sought-after procedures in aesthetic dentistry. Discolorites that are difficult to whiten, caused by dentin changes or enamel defects, can be eliminated by oxidizing the chromogens with chemical agents that penetrate to the enamel and dentin. In recent years, the method of photodynamic bleaching (PDB) is considered to be minimally invasive. It does not use hydrogen peroxide that leads to increased sensitivity of teeth, and is relatively effective over time. A convenient solution for PDB would be to use chlorin e6 as a photosensitizer, which has a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation, low phototoxicity, rapid elimination, on the one hand, and photobleaching capability, on the other. This paper presents quantitative data on the study of the effectiveness of PDB with chlorine e6: color change for 100 teeth after the procedure, chlorine e6 penetration into the tooth tissues, evaluation of the interstitial efficiency of the generation of singlet oxygen and photobleaching of chlorine e6 during laser exposure. It has been statistically established that for one PDB procedure, the tooth color saturation (C) varies on average by 0.5 tones on the VITA scale, and the lightness of color (L) in some cases increases by more than 10 units.
Potential for the application of dynamic skin thermography after local hypothermia
Authors: Novikov I. A. , Petrov S. Yu. , Rein E. S. , Borisenko Т. Е. , Sdobnikova S. V. , Lucevitch E. E. , Avetisov S. E.
Published: October 2019

Infrared thermography is one of the widely used non-invasive diagnostic methods. While the procedure is mainly used for early malignant tumor diagnostics, a potential application for thermography was proposed in cardiovascular, skin, autoimmune diseases, arthritis, Reynaud’s syndrome, burns, surgery and therapeutic treatment monitoring. The method of thermographic evaluation has not changed significantly since the end of 20th century. In this study we attempted to characterize the influence of skin capillary blood flow on surface temperature recuperation following local hypothermia. To improve sensitivity and standardize the procedure we developed a study protocol that involves minimizing or excluding the influence of external factors on study results. An original applicator was used to apply dosed hypothermia. Massive porcine tissue block was chosen as a passive model without active heat and mass transfer but with heat capacity, structure and heat dissipation characteristics similar to human tissues. 51 healthy volunteers were assigned to control group, while 16 patients with diabetes mellitus constituted the main study group. Cumulative temperature difference was calculated in all cases. It was 121,8 ± 70,8 °С×s in the control group, 95,6 ± 54,4 °С×s in the main study group and 307,2 ± 43,4 °С×s in the passive model. Based on the study results, we made the following conclusions: absence of heat and mass transfer in the passive model complicates heat balance recuperation due to layered structure of the skin; heat balance recuperation curve is an individual parameter and is not influenced by age or gender.