bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto del enjuague bucal de extracto etanólico psidium guajava l. Sobre candida albicans y streptococcus mutans. Huánuco, 2019.
Authors: Calzada-Gonzales Nancy Doris , Ortega-Buitrón Marisol Rossana , Bacilio-Cruz Silvia Lina
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto antimicótico y antibacteriano del Psidium Guajava L. al 50 % y 90 % sobre la Cándida Albicans y los Streptococcus mutans Huánuco, 2019. Métodos. Estudio experimental in vitro donde fueron incluidas 32 unidades de análisis (placas Petri con cepas de Cándida albicans o Streptococcus mutans de las cuales 16 muestras correspondieron a los cuatro grupos de estudio de la cepa cándida albicans y 16 muestras para los cuatro grupos de las cepas de Streptococcus mutans, el grupo control positivo (Clorhexidina al 2 % o Nistatina 100.000 UI) y grupo control negativo (agua destilada). El efecto antimicótico y antibacteriano se determinó mediante la cuantifcación del diámetro del halo de inhibición. En una fcha de observación se recolectó la información. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron la prueba de ANOVA y T de Student. Resultados. El Psidium Guajava L. 90 % presentó mayor diámetro de formación del halo de inhibición media 14,40 ± 2,06 mm frente al Streptococcus mutans y una media 13,50 ± 1,50 mm frente a la Cándida albicans. Respecto al Psidium Guajava L. 50 % la media de diámetro del halo de inhibición fue 11,30 ± 1,76 mm y frente a la Cándida albincas la media fue 8,40 ± 2,22 mm. Encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente signifcativas (p < 0,05) del efecto antimicótico y antibacteriano del Psidium Guajava L. sobre Cándida albicans y Streptococcus mutans entre los cuatro grupos estudiados (p = 0,00). Conclusiones. La aplicación del enjuague bucal a base de extracto etanólico de Psidium Guajava L. al 90 % tiene mayor efecto antimicótico y antibacteriano en el tratamiento de la candidiasis de la mucosa bucal.
Efectividad de los enfoques de rehabilitación según el porcentaje de pérdida de capacidad laboral en Santiago de Cali
Authors: Cantor-Barona Gely Audrey , Bergonzoli Gustavo
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el enfoque de rehabilitación más efectivo para la reincorporación laboral según el porcentaje de pérdida de capacidad laboral; para esto utilizó una fuente de información secundaria(base de datos de la compañía de seguros positiva) y se aplicaron análisis univariados, bivariados y Kaplan-Meier a los 75 registros que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que no hay diferencias estadísticamente signifcativas entre el tiempo transcurrido entre “la ocurrencia del evento e inicio de la rehabilitación”; ni en entre “el inicio de la rehabilitación y egreso de la rehabilitación”; ni entre “el egreso de la rehabilitación y alta para la reincorporación laboral” en los enfoques físico, ocupacional e integral. Las conclusiones de esta investigación sugieren eliminar los retrasos administrativos y legislar que el trabajo de los rehabilitadores se ejecute de manera conjunta con los encargados de intervenir o adaptar el puesto de trabajo.
Tips educativo como método de recordatorio en el cumplimiento del autocuidado saludable del adulto mayor
Authors: Rojas-Bravo Violeta , Torres-Rojas Harold
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Demostrar la efectividad de los tips educativos como método recordatorio en el cumplimiento del utocuidado saludable de las personas adultas mayores (PAMs). Métodos. El estudio fue longitudinal, prospectivo y con intervención: antes-después desarrollado en 20 PAMs, pertenecientes al programa del Centro Integral Del Adulto Mayor (CIAM) de la Municipalidad de Pillcomarca, de la provincia de Huánuco, Perú, durante el año 2018. Se aplicó una guía de entrevista de las características generales de la muestra y un cuestionario del cumplimiento del autocuidado saludable. Se desarrollaron sesiones de consejería utilizando los tips educativos mediante las visitas domiciliarias. Se utilizó la t de Student para muestras relacionadas, a fn de contrastar las hipótesis y se tuvo en cuenta los principios bioéticos. Resultados. Respecto al análisis del cumplimiento del autocuidado saludable de las PAMs, se halló que, antes de la intervención, el 35 % (7) tenía conocimientos correctos del autocuidado saludable; mientras que, después de la misma, el 95 % (19) logró conocimientos correctos [t = -5,50; p = 0,00]. Al contrastar la efectividad de los tips educativos como método recordatorio en el cumplimiento del autocuidado saludable de las PAMs, durante los momentos del estudio,se evidenció que, antes de la aplicación de los tips, el 30 % (6) cumplía el autocuidado saludable; mientras que, después de la intervención, se aumentó al 85 % (17). Conclusión. La intervención desarrollada mediante los tips educativos como método recordatorio resulta efectiva en el cumplimiento del autocuidado saludable
Caracterización de problemas gástricos en usuarios de un hospital de Huancavelica, Perú
Authors: Nieva-Villegas Lilia Maria , Carhuachuco-Rojas Elsy Sara , Gómez-Gonzales Walter Edgar
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Caracterizar los problemas gástricos de la población usuaria del Hospital Regional de Huancavelica Zacarias Correa Valdivia en los años 2015-2017. Métodos. Fue un estudio de diseño descriptivo, transversal, no experimental, retrospectivo y bibliográfco, realizándose la revisión bibliográfca del Sistema de Información en Salud (HIS) y de historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos con problemas gástricos en los años mencionados (n = 3261). Resultados. Se evidenció que el 67 % de la población son mujeres; 34,7 % nació en la región de Huancavelica, 93,7 % tuvo trabajo de ofcina, el 78,1 % era usuarios del servicio de gastroenterología, 93,7 %, no informó su estado de alta, el 34,5 %, no poseía un sistema de seguro de salud y el 61,7 % de la población padeció gastritis crónica inespecífca. Los pacientesdiagnosticados con problemas gástricos representaban en el 2015 un 64,9 % de casos, en el 2016 un 55,4 % y en el 2017 un 64,3 % del total de consultas. Conclusión. El género femenino presentó la mayor frecuencia de diagnósticode gastritis crónica no específca, así como los jóvenes y adultos jóvenes para el año 2017 según el total de diagnósticos observados retrospectivamente en el reporte HIS
Injuria cerebral aguda causada por oclusión de gran vaso por COVID–19
Authors: Ruiz-Laos Santiago Gerardo , Díaz-Lazo Aníbal Valentín
Published: August 2020

En la pandemia de la enfermedad por el coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causada por el virus SARS-CoV2, la mayoría de los pacientes presentan síntomas generales y respiratorios, algunos cuadros atípicos gastrointestinales, cardiovasculares, dermatológicos o neurológicos. Se reporta el caso de un paciente varón de 40 años, sin ningún antecedente epidemiológico importante, diagnosticado de COVID 19 por prueba rápida inmunológica, quien presenta un accidente cerebro vascular isquémico súbito. En el estudio tomográfco cerebral sin contraste se evidenció un área extensa isquémica, en el hemisferio cerebral izquierdo en territorio de la arteria cerebral media, acompañado de edema. En los pacientes con COVID-19, infectados por coronavirus SARS-CoV2, debe tenerse en cuenta la posibilidad de que el paciente presente accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), para permitir un manejo adecuado y oportuno.
QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE OLERÍCOLAS BASEADA EM PARÂMETROS DE CRESCIMENTO E INFLUÊNCIA DE BIOCHAR
Authors: Lima Stefany Lorrayny , Do Couto Charlismilã Amorim , De Souza Eli Regina Barboza , Junior Ben Hur Marimon
Published: August 2020

No sistema de produção de olerícolas, a qualidade de mudas é fundamental, influenciada entre outros fatores pelo substrato. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade de mudas quando o substrato é incrementado com biochar. Além disso, verificar a relação entre o Índice de qualidade de Dickson e variáveis de crescimento, com o intuito de prever a qualidade das plântulas sem a necessidade de destruição. Foram produzidas mudas de rúcula, beterraba e berinjela em bandejas de poliestireno, em casa de vegetação. Os arranjos experimentais e os tratamentos foram distintos para cada espécie. A qualidade das mudas foi verificada pelas relações entre altura e diâmetro, altura e massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca radicular e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. A influência dos substratos na qualidade das mudas foi verificada com análise de variância e, quando significativo, com posterior teste estatístico indicado para cada arranjo experimental. Para verificar a correlação entre o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson e os parâmetros de crescimento foi aplicada a análise de correlação linear. O uso de biochar nos arranjos analisados não influenciou a qualidade das mudas de rúcula, beterraba e berinjela. A correlação entre o Índice de qualidade de Dickson foi forte e positiva para número de folhas e diâmetro, nas mudas de rúcula, beterraba e berinjela. Nos arranjos experimentais testados o biochar não é eficiente. Os parâmetros de crescimento podem ser usados para aferir a qualidade das mudas de beterraba, rúcula e berinjela.
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH PEPPER TEN LINES RHIZOSPHERE CHILLIES Capsicum frutescens
Authors: Vieira Junior Wagner Gonçalves , Matos Diogo Jânio de Carvalho , Oliveira Thales Caetano de , Lucas Leidiane Dos Santos , Lima Isabelly Ribeiro , Braga Ana Paula Maciel , Souza Rodrigo Fernandes de , Moura Jadson Belem de
Published: August 2020

The peppers business is an important segment of the Brazilian agricultural market, with strong expression in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The objective of this work was to determine the mycorrhizal colonization rate, spore density and mycorrhizal fungi genotypes associated with the rhizosphere of ten lines of chilli peppers (Capsicum frutescens). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 10 treatments and 4 replicates, with the ten strains of Capsicum frutescens: IFET-1121; IFET-1109; IFET-1129; IFET-1119; IFET-1117; IFET-1137; IFET-1131; IFET-1127; IFET-1125 and IFET-1111. The spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) will be extracted from the soil using 50 cm³ of each composite sample, using the wet sieving technique. The determination of the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization occurred through the technique of intersection of the quadrants. The identification of mycorrhizal fungi species was by morphological comparison based on the descriptions of the reference cultures present in the International Culture Collection of Arbuscular and Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. The spore number and mycorrhizal colonization data will be submitted to classical statistical analysis using the Assistat program (2016). The genus Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Diversispora, Scutellospora, Sclerocystis, Glomus, Funneliformis and Gigaspora associated with the rhizosphere of the Capsicum frutescens strains were identified. The genera Glomus, acaulosporand Claroideoglomuswere found in all strains analyzed. The IFET - 1127 strain presented higher spore density values when compared to the other strains studied. No significant difference was found in the values of mycorrhizal colonization rate among the investigated strains
DRONE APLICADO NA AGRICULTURA DIGITAL
Authors: Arantes Bruno Henrique Tondato , Arantes Leticia Tondato , Costa Estevam Matheus , Ventura Matheus Vinícius Abadia
Published: August 2020

O aumento dos custos de insumos e da demanda pela busca da sustentabilidade no meio rural exigem melhorias na eficiência do uso de recursos na agricultura. A agricultura de precisão (AP) pode ser utilizada para tomar decisões temporais e espaciais de forma precisa aumentando a eficiência nas aplicações e um manejo sustentável. Logo esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar algumas aplicações com o veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT) na identificação de falhas de plantio, de linhas de plantio e da contagem de plantas da cultura de mandioca. Teve também como objetivo a identificação de plantas daninhas em uma área de pré-plantio. Os voos foram realizados entre as 10h00 e as 14h00, para evitar efeitos da sombra gerados pela inclinação do sol sobre os objetos. Uma alta sobreposição foi adotada para as fotografias utilizadas. A altura de voo definida para todos os modelos de câmeras, foi de 40 metros, já que as áreas a serem sobrevoadas eram pequenas. Quanto a contagem de plantas e o mapeamento das linhas e das falhas de plantio, elas foram elaboradas no QGIS 2.18, através do mosaico gerado pelo DroneDeploy. Elas foram obtidas por meio das ferramentas de vetorização do software. Os espaços foram contabilizados como falhas, quando tal espaço era o suficiente para alocar uma planta ou mais. Para o mapeamento das plantas daninhas se utilizou um índice de vegetação (IV) elaborado no QGIS 2.18, na qual se gerou a classe de solo exposto e de plantas daninhas em função da biomassa. Através da aplicação de herbicida com o mapa de plantas daninhas, é possível realizar a aplicação à taxa variável a fim de minimizar os custos, já que onde só possui solo exposto a aplicação não é efetivada. Além disso, o mapa também permite inferir os locais que necessitam de uma vazão maior em função da quantidade de biomassa das plantas daninhas. Quanto à identificação das falhas de plantio e contagem de plantas, ela permite aumentar a produtividade e realizar planejamentos de replantio.
INFLUÊNCIA DO TAMANHO DA SEMENTE NA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DA SOJA
Authors: Coelho Elisângela Borges , De Souza José Eduardo Barbosa , Martins Thaís Antonia , Santos Dahyane Pereira dos
Published: August 2020

A demanda por sementes de boa qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária tem aumentado, e os produtores de sementes têm passado a praticar a classificação das sementes de soja por tamanho após o processo de limpeza. Apesar da adoção dos produtores da classificação por tamanho, existe ainda muita controvérsia em relação ao efeito do tamanho da semente de soja no desempenho da cultura. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a influência do tamanho da semente na qualidade fisiológica da soja. Para isso foi utilizada a cultivar de soja, BMX. Bônus IPRO, classificada em três tamanhos: 5 mm; 6 mm e 7 mm. Foi realizado testes de germinação em canteiro e laboratório e teste do vigor por meio da massa seca de plântula e comprimento de plântula. Constatou-se que as sementes da peneira de 6 mm apresentaram maiores taxas de germinação nos testes realizados em campo e canteiro. A classificação das sementes possui influência direta sobre a taxa de germinação e vigor das sementes, bem como o tempo de armazenamento da semente.
CRESCIMENTO DE MINIRREBOLOS DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SOB DOSES DE ÁCIDO INDOLBUTÍRICO E ÁCIDO GIBERÉLICO
Authors: Lucas Leidiane Dos Santos , Pereira Joseanny Cardoso da Silva , Silva Mirelly Martins da , Silva Millena Yorrâna Oliveira , Alves Doralice Ferreira
Published: August 2020

A adoção doplantio mecanizado da cana-de-açúcar causou o aumento do número de falhas no plantio, o que acarretou prejuízos na produtividade. Devido a isso, o Programa Cana, do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) desenvolveu o sistema de mudas pré-brotadas (MPB) com o objetivo de diminuir o volume de mudas e falhas, além de permitir maior controle na qualidade, tanto para controle de pragas e doenças quanto para uniformidade do canavial.No entanto, a capacidade de desenvolvimento da gema e do sistema radicular do minirrebolo é variável com a variedade. Dessa forma, o uso de reguladores vegetais pode induzir o desenvolvimento do minirrebolo, como o ácido giberélico, que influencia, principalmente, no alongamento da parte aérea e o ácido indolbutírico, que é apontado como um dos maiores estimuladores de enraizamento. Desta forma, objetivou-se verificar o uso do ácido indolbutírico e do ácido giberélico associados a tempos de imersão como estimulante de brotação e enraizamento em muda pré-brotada (MPB) de cana-de-açúcar.O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 5x3 [doses de AIB (500, 1000 mg L-1), doses de GA (60 mg L-1) e doses associadas de AIB e GA (500 + 60 e 1000 + 60 mg L-1) e tempos de imersão (60, 120, 180 segundos)], num total de quinze tratamentos + testemunha – imersa em água destilada.A porcentagem de brotação e massa seca da parte aérea de minirrebolos de cana-de-açúcar apresentaram resultados inferiores quando comparados a testemunha. Para altura de planta, massa verde da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz, a dose de 1000 mg L-1 apresentou melhores resultados em ambos.  Para os parâmetros altura de planta, massa verde da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz, a dose de 500 mg L-1 foi inferior estatisticamente às demais. O uso dos reguladores de crescimento ácido indolbutírico e ácido giberélico associados aos tempos de imersão não influenciaram positivamente no crescimento dos minirrebolos de cana-de-açúcar em relação à testemunha.
VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO HIDROPÔNICA NA CULTURA DA ALFACE
Authors: Vespucci Igor Leonardo , Brito Daniel Soares , Nunes Milanna Paula Cabral , Brito Gustavo Henrique Mendes
Published: August 2020

Em consequência do aumento populacional tem havido a necessidade de se produzir mais em um menor espaço observando os cuidados com o meio ambiente. Sendo assim, o homem vem procurando novas formas de cultivo como a hidroponia. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a viabilidade econômica da implantação hidropônica na cultura da alface. Utilizou-se os seguintes métodos de análise de viabilidade: VPL, TIR e Pay back. Após a análise destas três ferramentas, fica constatado que é economicamente viável a implantação de um projeto hidropônico na cultura da alface, no qual o investimento veio a apresentar um retorno financeiro em tempo menor que um ano, sendo capaz de produzir lucros a partir do primeiro ano de produção. Portanto, nota-se que trata-se de uma cultura totalmente viável economicamente para o cultivo em hidroponia.
Viabilidade Econômica Do Uso De Fungicidas No Controle Da Ferrugem Asiática Da Soja
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo Alencar Evangelista , Mendonça Júnior Dário Peixoto , Sá Douglas de Deus de , Araújo Fabrício Pereira de , De Souza José Eduardo Barbosa
Published: August 2020

A produção de soja é muito influenciada pelo ataque de fungos, e quando estão em condições ideais para seu desenvolvimento a infecção e disseminação desse patógeno é muita rápida, o que resulta na diminuição do potencial produtivo da planta e, consequentemente, queda na produtividade da lavoura. Grande parte dos custos de uma lavoura de soja está relacionada com doenças fúngicas, e uma doença de grande importância econômica da soja é a ferrugem-asiática.

Os custos devido as perdas e as aplicações de fungicidas foram de U$ 2,2 bilhões por safra. E os fungicidas de sítio específico são utilizados no controle da doença, exemplo de modo de ação utilizados são os Inibidores de desmetilação (conhecidos como triazóis), os Inibidores de Quinona externa (estrobilurinas) e os inibidores de Succinato Desidrogenase (carboxamidas). Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar a relação custo benefício da aplicação de diferentes ingredientes ativos de fungicidas na cultura da soja. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados (DBC), com 12 tratamentos e 4 repetições, com total de 48 parcelas. Cada parcela do experimento foi composta por 6 linhas de 5 m de comprimento, e com espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas. Os melhores resultados para variável produtividade foram obtidos com a utilização do fungicida Ativum, Fusão e Priori Xtra; para o custeio de produção, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o uso dos fungicidas Aproach Prima, Priori Xtra e Horos, e, para retorno financeiro, os que obtiveram melhores resultados foram com os produtos Priori Xtra, e Fusão.
EFICÁCIA DE DOIS CONTROLES PREVENTIVOS PARA DOENÇAS RESPIRATÓRIAS DE BOVINOS CONFINADOS
Authors: Silva Mateus Santana , Caixeta Daniel Ferreira , Oliveira Manoel Henrique Reis de , Bittar Dyb Youssef
Published: August 2020

Os bovinos criados em sistema intensivo de confinamento possuem maior risco ao desenvolvimento de doenças respiratórias, devido serem expostos a fatores estressantes como o transporte, aglomeração e mistura de animais de diferentes origens, ambientes e variações climáticas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade sanitária das vacinas Inforce 03® e CattleMaster 4® no controle preventivo de pneumonia em bovinos submetidos ao sistema intensivo de engorda. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Vera Cruz, do Grupo Otavio Lage, localizado as proximidades da GO 080, KM 65,5, município de Goianésia, estado de Goiás. Nos lotes foram avaliadas as seguintes vacinas, CattleMaster 4®, Inforce 3 e COMBO (CattleMaster 4® + Inforce 3 ), utilizadas para prevenção da pneumonia. A vacina para pneumonia Inforce 03®, promoveu maiores ganho de peso vivo, ganho médio diário, peso morto, peso morto em @, retorno financeiro por animal (p<0,01%). Pensando no peso morto, ou seja, no rendimento dos animais em @ foi 15% superior aos demais tratamentos, e promoveu um retorno de R$ 141,03 a mais em relação ao principal concorrente (p<0,01%). A vacina Inforce 03® se destacou com os melhores resultados para para ganho de peso vivo, ganho médio diário, peso morto, peso morto em arrobas (@) e ganho em R$ por animal. Em relação a morbidade dos lotes o melhor resultados foram obtidos com o COMBO e a Inforce 03®.
SEEDLING PRODUCTION OF YELLOW MARACUJA IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Nomura Mirian , Borges Mozart De Mattos Silveira , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia , Costa Estevam Matheus , Vilarinho Muriel Silva , Silva Jeovane Nascimento , Evangelista Régila Santos , Machado Louhanny Carvalho
Published: August 2020

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings in protected environments composed of different photoselective screens. The work was developed at the UEMG, unit Ituiutaba and started in May and was evaluated in June 2018. The treatments consist of different types of protected environment: T1-Open Sky; T2 - Black Screen (mesh for 30% shade); T3 - White Screen (mesh for 20% shade); T4 - Blue Screen (mesh for 20% shade) and T5 - Red Screen (mesh for 20% shade). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, ten plants per experimental plot. The analysis of the germination content, chlorophyll a and b, number of leaves, leaf length, stem diameter, and shoot height were performed. No photoselective effects were observed for the germination rate, chlorophyll a and b, the number of leaves, shoot height, leaf length and stem diameter in the yellow passion fruit crop.
Eficiência de fungicida sistêmico com multissítios para o controle da ferrugem asiática da soja
Authors: Sá Douglas De Deus de , Rangel Bruna Camila , Gonçalves Iara Alves , Araújo Fabrício Pereira de , De Souza José Eduardo Barbosa
Published: August 2020

A cultura da soja vem mantendo a tendência de crescimento na área cultivada e, nesta safra 2018-2019, a estimativa aponta para crescimento de 2,3% em relação ao ciclo passado, produzindo 120,9 milhões de toneladas. A ferrugem asiática é uma doença causada pelo fungo basidiomiceto Phakopsora pachyrhizi, originário da Austrália, essa doença chegou ao Brasil em 2001. Por apresentar um alto potencial destrutivo para a cultura da soja, em todos os países onde foi detectada, Considerada atualmente o principal problema a ser combatido pelos sojicultores brasileiros, a ferrugem asiática tem sido alvo de exaustivas tentativas de controle, as condições ambientais favorecem a ocorrência da doença. As avaliações da incidência de P. Pachyrhizi foram realizadas em: estádio V4; V6; R1/R2; R1/R2 + 14 dias; R1/R2 + 28 dias; R1/R2 + 42 dias e R1/R2 + 49 dias, para a produção da área abaixo da curva de progresso dos dados para severidade (AACPD) da P. pachyrhizi na cultura da soja. Na colheita (R9) foi avaliado a média de altura de planta, utilizando quatro plantas por parcela, a área colhida foi de 4m2. Após a colheita as plantas foram trilhadas manualmente e estimado a produtividade em kg.ha-1 com umidade de 13% no grão, e posteriormente estimando o peso de 1.000 grãos. As avaliações da porcentagem de severidade foram realizadas pela escala diagramática para a ferrugem asiática. Conclui-se que os tratamentos SPM + Difere, SPM + Previnil 720, SPM +  Manfil 800 WD, SPM + Fezan Gold, SPM + Eleve, SPM + Nillus, SPM + Bravonil 720 sc refletiu de modo semelhante na produtividade da cultura. Em relação ao peso de mil grãos todos os tratamentos foram semelhantes estatisticamente sendo superiores apenas a testemunha sem controle. As aplicações de SPM + Bravonil 500 sc, SPM + Unizeb Gold, e SPM + Previnil 720 sc, apresentaram menor índice de severidade da doença AACPD.
Moral Duties and Divine Commands: Is Kantian Religion Coherent?
Authors: Lott Micah
Published: August 2020

Kant argues that morality leads to religion, and that religion consists in regarding our moral duties as divine commands. This paper explores a foundational question for Kantian religion: When you think of your duties as divine commands, what exactly are you thinking, and how is that thought consistent with Kant’s own account of the ways that morality is independent from God? I argue that if we assume the Kantian religious person acts out of obedience to God, then her overall outlook will be inconsistent. I then develop an account of regarding duties as divine commands that does not involve acting out of obedience to God. This account, however, faces an objection—that without obedience, one cannot actually be thinking of duties as divine commands. In the final section, I consider this objection and suggest a response.
PENGARUH BUDAYA KERJA, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN TUNJANGAN KINERJA TERHADAP KINERJA MELALUI KEPUASAN PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR KEMENTERIAN AGAMA KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO
Authors: Widyanarko Agung , Sukesi Sukesi
Published: August 2020

Employee performance affects how much employees contribute to the organization. Performance affects the results or goals of the organization if performance is poor then organizational goals cannot be achieved. Many things that greatly affect an employee's performance include internal and external factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of work culture, work environment and performance benefits on job satisfaction and employee performance at the Mojokerto Regency Ministry of Religion Office.This type of research uses quantitative research, which was carried out within the Mojokerto Regency Ministry of Religion Office. Hypothesis testing using t test. The analysis technique used to test and prove hypotheses is structural equation modeling analysis with Smart PLS statistical tools.The results showed that work culture and performance benefits were statistically proven to have an influence on employee satisfaction. While the work environment does not have a significant effect on employee satisfaction at the Mojokerto Regency Ministry of Religion Office. Work culture, work environment and performance benefits are statistically proven to have a significant influence on employee performance. And employee job satisfaction is statistically proven to have a significant effect on employee performance at the Mojokerto Regency Ministry of Religion Office.
Composition Effects on Kilonova Spectra and Light Curves. I
Authors: Even Wesley , Korobkin Oleg , Fryer Christopher L. , Fontes Christopher J. , Wollaeger R. T. , Hungerford Aimee , Lippuner Jonas , Miller Jonah , Mumpower Matthew R. , Misch G. Wendell
Published: August 2020

The merger of neutron star binaries is believed to eject a wide range of heavy elements into the universe. By observing the emission from this ejecta, scientists can probe the ejecta properties (mass, velocity, and composition distributions). The emission (a.k.a. kilonova) is powered by the radioactive decay of the heavy isotopes produced in the merger and this emission is reprocessed by atomic opacities to optical and infrared wavelengths. Understanding the ejecta properties requires calculating the dependence of this emission on these opacities. The strong lines in the optical and infrared in lanthanide opacities have been shown to significantly alter the light curves and spectra in these wavelength bands, arguing that the emission in these wavelengths can probe the composition of this ejecta. Here we study variations in the kilonova emission by varying individual lanthanide (and the actinide uranium) concentrations in the ejecta. The broad forest of lanthanide lines makes it difficult to determine the exact fraction of individual lanthanides. Nd is an exception. Its opacities above 1 μm are higher than other lanthanides and observations of kilonovae can potentially probe increased abundances of Nd. Similarly, at early times when the ejecta is still hot (first day), the U opacity is strong in the 0.2–1 μm wavelength range and kilonova observations may also be able to constrain these abundances.
Clustering of Fast Coronal Mass Ejections during Solar Cycles 23 and 24 and the Implications for CME–CME Interactions
Authors: Rodríguez Gómez Jenny M. , Podladchikova Tatiana , Veronig Astrid , Ruzmaikin Alexander , Feynman Joan , Petrukovich Anatoly
Published: August 2020

We study the clustering properties of fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that occurred during solar cycles 23 and 24. We apply two methods: the Max Spectrum method can detect the predominant clusters, and the declustering threshold time method provides details on the typical clustering properties and timescales. Our analysis shows that during the different phases of solar cycles 23 and 24, CMEs with speeds ≥1000 km s−1 preferentially occur as isolated events and in clusters with, on average, two members. However, clusters with more members appear, particularly during the maximum phases of the solar cycles. Over the total period and in the maximum phases of solar cycles 23 and 24, about 50% are isolated events, 18% (12%) occur in clusters with two (three) members, and another 20% in larger clusters ≥4, whereas in a solar minimum, fast CMEs tend to occur more frequently as isolated events (62%). During different solar cycle phases, the typical declustering timescales of fast CMEs are τ

c
 = 28–32 hr, irrespective of the very different occurrence frequencies of CMEs during a solar minimum and maximum. These findings suggest that τ

c
for extreme events may reflect the characteristic energy build-up time for large flare and CME-prolific active regions. Statistically associating the clustering properties of fast CMEs with the disturbance storm time index at Earth suggests that fast CMEs occurring in clusters tend to produce larger geomagnetic storms than isolated fast CMEs. This may be related to CME–CME interaction producing a more complex and stronger interaction with Earth’s magnetosphere.
Detailed Calculations of the Efficiency of Planetesimal Accretion in the Core-accretion Model
Authors: Podolak Morris , Haghighipour Nader , Bodenheimer Peter , Helled Ravit , Podolak Esther
Published: August 2020

We present the results of a study of the accretion rate of planetesimals by a growing proto-Jupiter in the core-accretion model. The purpose of our study is to test the assumptions of Pollack et al. regarding the flux of planetesimals and their encounter velocities with the protoplanet. Using a newly developed code, we have accurately calculated planetesimals trajectories during their passage in the envelope by combining detailed three-body integrations with gas drag. To be consistent with Pollack et al., our calculations do not include the effect of nebular gas. The results point to several new findings. For instance, we find that only 4–5 M
⊕ is accreted in the first 1.5 Myr before the onset of rapid gas accretion and ∼10 M
⊕ is accreted simultaneously during this phase. We also find that mass accretion remains small (0.3–0.4 M
⊕) for ∼1 Myr after this time. This late accretion, together with a rapid infall of gas, could lead to a mixing of accreted material throughout the outer regions, which may explain the enhancement of high-Z material in Jupiter’s envelope. Results demonstrate that planetesimal encounters with the protoplanetary envelope become so fast that in most cases, ram pressure breaks them up. As a result, the accretion rate is largely independent of the planetesimals’ size and composition. We also carried out some calculations considering nebular gas drag. As expected, the accreted mass of planetesimals depended strongly on their size and composition. In general, nebular gas lowered the amount of accreted planetesimals, although the majority of planetesimals were still accreted during the rapid gas accretion phase.
On the Origin of Metal-poor Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
Authors: Şahin Timur , Bilir Selçuk
Published: August 2020

We determined the ages, kinematic parameters, and Galactic orbital parameters of six metal-poor (−2.4 < [Fe/H] < −1.0 dex), F-type, high-proper-motion (HPM) stars to investigate their HPM nature and origin. For the kinematical procedure, the astrometric data from the Gaia DR2 were used. High-resolution ELODIE spectra of the six dwarfs were also used to obtain accurate [Fe/H] abundances and up-to-date [α/Fe] abundances. The calculations for stellar ages were based on Bayesian statistics, with the computed ages falling in the range 9.5–10.1 Gyr. On the basis of the metallicities and ages, six HMP stars are either members of the halo (HD 6755, HD 84937, BD +42 3607) or members of the low-metallicity tail of the thick disk (HD 3567, HD 194598, HD 201891). However, Galactic orbital parameters suggest thin disk (HD 84937, HD 194598), thick disk (HD 3567, HD 201891), and halo (HD 6755, BD +42 3607) populations. The dynamical analysis was also performed for the escape scenario from the candidate GCs. The tidal disruption of a dwarf galaxy was also considered as an alternative origin. HD 6755, HD 194598, and HD 3567, with their retrograde orbital motions, are likely candidate stars for a tidally disrupted dwarf galaxy origin. However, the relationship of HD 194598 with NGC 6284 presents an interesting case. Its encounter velocity is low (16 ± 28 km s−1), and their ages and metallicities are very nearly consistent with each other at the 1σ level. The rest of the HPM sample stars have a 4%–18% probability of encountering with selected GCs for 1.5 tidal radii. This indicates that a globular cluster origin for the program stars is unlikely.
The Invariance of the Diffusion Coefficient with Iterative Operations of the Charged Particle Transport Equation
Authors: Wang J. F. , Qin G.
Published: August 2020

The spatial parallel diffusion coefficient (SPDC) is one of the important quantities describing energetic charged particle transport. There are three different definitions for the SPDC: the displacement variance definition

, the Fick’s law definition

with

, and the Taylor–Green–Kubo (TGK) formula definition

. For a constant mean magnetic field, the three different definitions of the SPDC give the same result. However, for a focusing field, it is demonstrated that the results of the different definitions are not the same. In this paper, from the Fokker–Planck equation, we find that different methods, e.g., the general Fourier expansion and iteration method, can give different equations of the isotropic distribution function (EIDFs). But it is shown that one EIDF can be transformed into another by some derivative iterative operations (DIOs). If one definition of the SPDC is invariant for the DIOs, it is clear that the definition is also invariant for different EIDFs; therefore, it is an invariant quantity for the different derivation methods of the EIDF. For the focusing field, we suggest that the TGK definition

is only an approximate formula, and the Fick’s law definition

is not invariant to some DIOs. However, at least for the special condition, in this paper we show that the definition

is an invariant quantity to the DIOs. Therefore, for a spatially varying field, the displacement variance definition

, rather than the Fick’s law definition

and TGK formula definition

, is the most appropriate definition of the SPDCs.
Revision of the birch-associated genus Massalongia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), with description of a new species from Japan and a taxonomic key to worldwide species
Authors: Elsayed Ayman Khamis , Skuhravá Marcela , Ohta Kazuki , Yoshida Satoshi , Tokuda Makoto
Published: August 2020

Betula (Betulaceae), or birch, is a Holarctic genus of trees and shrubs whose species have ornamental, industrial, and medical importance. Gall midges of the genus Massalongia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiidi) are exclusively associated with birches in the Palearctic region. In 2018, an undescribed Massalongia species was discovered forming leaf galls on the midveins of B. grossa on Mount Tara, Saga Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. In this study the species is described as M. nakamuratetsui Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. nov., and a DNA barcode provided for it. The other known species of Massalongia are redescribed because the original descriptions are outdated and insufficient. A lectotype is designated for M. bachmaieri. In addition, the monotypic genus Apagodiplosis, containing A. papyriferae associated with B. papyrifera in the Nearctic region, is synonymized here under Massalongia, resulting in M. papyriferaecomb. nov., rendering Massalongia a Holarctic genus with six species. Comparing the sequence data of M. nakamuratetsui with all sequences available in The Barcode of Life Data (BOLD) system supports the occurrence of Massalongia in the Nearctic region and suggest that more species could be discovered there. Massalongia species form leaf or bud galls, and their mature larvae drop to the ground in autumn and overwinter in characteristic waterproof bottle-like cocoons, which is possibly a protective adaptation for pupation in wet and snowy lands. A taxonomic key to all Massalongia species is provided.
Mathematical modeling of a continuous-flow packed-bed reactor with immobilized lipase for kinetic resolution of (R,S)-2-pentanol
Authors: SOYER MALYEMEZ Aslı , GIWA Abdulwahab , BAYRAKTAR Emine , MEHMETOĞLU Ülkü
Published: August 2020

In this study, the kinetic resolution of (R,S)-2-pentanol via transesterification to achieve S-2-pentanol, a key intermediate required in the synthesis of anti-Alzheimer drugs, was investigated in continuous-flow packed-bed reactors. The effects of residence time, substrate concentration, and operation time of the enzyme were investigated. Under steady state conditions, 50% conversion and enantiomeric excess of the substrate (eeS)>99% were achieved at a residence time of 0.04 min. Productivity of the continuous-flow process (1.341 mmol/min/g)was about 4 times higher than that of the corresponding batch process (0.363 mmol/min/g). In addition, the mathematical modeling of the packed-bed reactor was conductedusing an axial dispersion model. Ping Pong Bi Bi kinetics was used in this model. Design parameters were determined and the developed equations were solved using an algorithm for solving boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations by collocation (bvp4c) using MATLAB. The results, obtained from the model, fitted the experimental data very well.
Design, synthesis, and spasmolytic activity of thiophene-based derivatives via Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid: their structural and computational studies
Authors: RASOOL Nasir , IKRAM Hafiz Mansoor , RASHID Ammara , AFZAL Nazia , HASHMI Muhammad Ali , KHAN Muhammad Naeem , KHAN Ayesha , IMRAN Imran , RAHMAN Hafiz Muhammad Abdur , SHAH Syed Adnan Ali
Published: August 2020

In the current research work, a facile synthesis of a series of novel thiophene-based derivatives of 5-bromothiophene-2- carboxylic acid (1) have been synthesized. All analogs (5a-5e, 10a-10f) were obtained from the coupling reaction of 5-bromothiophene- 2-carboxylic acid (1) and different arylboronic acids with moderate-to-good yields under controlled and optimal conditions. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized through spectral analysis and their spasmolytic activity, and most of the compounds exhibited potentially good spasmolytic effect. Among the synthesized analogs, compound phenethyl 5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate (10d) particular showed an excellent spasmolytic effect with an EC50 value of 1.26. All of the compounds were also studied for their structural and electronic properties by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Through detailed insight into frontier molecular orbitals of the compounds and their different reactivity descriptors, it was found that the compounds 10c and 5c are the most reactive, while 10a is the most stable in the series. Furthermore, compounds 10c and 5c showed a very good NLO response with the highest β values.
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Stromal Lenticule Addition Keratoplasty for Advanced Keratoconus
Authors: Mastropasqua Leonardo , Salgari Niccolò , D'Ugo Erminia , Lanzini Manuela , Alió del Barrio Jorge L. , Alió Jorge L. , Cochener Beatrice , Nubile Mario
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE:

To investigate the in vivo corneal microscopic changes after femtosecond laser–assisted stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty in keratoconus by means of in vivo confocal microscopy.

METHODS:

Patients affected by advanced keratoconus were included in the study. Negative meniscus-shaped stromal lenticules, produced with a femtosecond laser (VisuMax; Carl Zeiss Meditec) from eye bank corneas were transplanted into a stromal pocket dissected in the recipient cornea at a depth of 120 µm. In vivo confocal microscopy was performed during the 12-month follow-up to investigate changes of the corneal and lenticule structure.

RESULTS:

Ten patients were enrolled in the study. No changes of the dendritic cell population were documented during the follow-up period. Mild edema and stromal keratocyte activation gradually decreased during the first month. Subbasal nerve density returned to preoperative values after 6 months. Donor-recipient interfaces appeared hyperreflective but gradually improved over time with significantly reduced reflectivity after 3 months. No evidence of stromal inflammatory cell migration or matrix opacification was observed. Endothelial and keratocyte density remained stable over time. A variable degree of stromal radially distributed folds, not visible on biomicroscopy, was observed in the lenticule and in the posterior recipient stroma.

CONCLUSIONS:

Stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty produces transitory nerve plexus density reduction and minor inflammatory reaction that rapidly decreases during the first month. Donor-recipient interface reflectivity is comparable to a femtosecond laser refractive procedure with no sign of stromal opacification or stromal rejection in 1 year of follow-up.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(8):544–550.]
The Relationship Between Preoperative Anterior Corneal Higher Order Aberrations and Topography-Guided Excimer Ablation Depth
Authors: Wallerstein Avi , Gauvin Mathieu , Cohen Mark
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE:

To determine the correlation and relative contribution of preoperative anterior corneal Zernike coefficients to higher order aberration ablation depth (HOA-AD) with topography-guided excimer laser correction.

METHODS:

Retrospective study of 46,271 consecutive preoperative virgin eyes. Anterior corneal Zernike coefficients (C6 to C27) and HOA-AD data on a 6.5-mm optical zone were analyzed from the Contoura (Alcon Laboratories, Inc) treatment software. Pearson correlations were performed to assess the relationship between Zernike coefficients and HOA-AD.

RESULTS:

A strong direct relationship was found between the total root mean square (RMS) anterior corneal HOA and HOA-AD (
R
= 0.84;
P
< .001). The 3rd order HOAs (C6 to C9) accounted for most of the HOA-AD (
R
= 0.83;
P
< .001). Zernike orders 4, 5, and 6 had significantly weaker correlations (4th order:
R
= 0.30; 5th order:
R
= 0.38; 6th order:
R
= 0.29). Vertical coma was the individual HOA with the highest correlation (
R
= 0.59;
P
< .001). Combining vertical and horizontal coma as total RMS coma increased the correlation significantly (
R
= 0.76;
P
< .001). The average HOA-AD increased by 1.5 µm for each additional 0.1-µm increment of total RMS coma.

CONCLUSIONS:

Anterior corneal Zernike coefficients directly and strongly correlate to the HOA-AD, with anterior corneal coma having the greatest contribution to HOA-AD.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(8):506–510.]
Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Wiseman Yair
Published: August 2020

The first car was invented in 1870 by Siegfried Marcus. Actually, it was just a wagon with an engine but without a steering wheel and without brakes. Instead, it was controlled by the legs of the driver. Converting traditional vehicles into autonomous vehicles was not just one step. The first step was just 28 years after the invention of cars, that is to say 1898. This step's concept was moving a vehicle by a remote controller. Since this first step and as computers have been becoming advanced and sophisticated, many functions of modern vehicles have been converted to be entirely automatic with no need of even remote controlling. Changing gears was one of the first actions that could be done automatically without an involvement of the driver, so such cars got the title of “automatic cars”; however, nowadays there are vehicles that can completely travel by themselves although they are not yet allowed to travel on public roads in most of the world. Such vehicles are called “autonomous vehicles” or “driverless cars”.
Human-Agent-Robot Teamwork (HART) Over FiWi-Based Tactile Internet Infrastructures
Authors: Chowdhury Mahfuzulhoq , Maier Martin
Published: August 2020

To facilitate making the human-machine co-activity-based human-agent-robot teamwork (HART) task execution process more efficient, this chapter first discusses related work and open challenges for latency-sensitive HART task. To speed up the HART task execution, this chapter next presents a latency sensitive HART task migration scheme for efficiently orchestrating tasks among human mobile users (MUs), central and decentralized computational agents (cloud/cloudlets), and robots across converged FiWi network infrastructures. Moreover, this chapter describes a bandwidth allocation scheme that allocates timeslots to MUs' broadband and task migration traffic at the same time. Furthermore, this chapter presents performance evaluation results of the proposed scheme. Importantly, this chapter compares the performance of the proposed task migration scheme with traditional schemes. This chapter is finally concluded by summarizing important findings and outlining open research issues for HART task coordination over FiWi-enhanced tactile internet infrastructures.
Error Types in Natural Language Processing in Inflectional Languages
Authors: Donaj Gregor , Sepesy Maučec Mirjam
Published: August 2020

This article presents the challenges of natural language processing applications when they are used with inflectional languages. Two typical applications are presented: automatic speech recognition and machine translation. An overview of those applications and the properties of inflectional languages is given as well as examples from the highly inflectional Slovene language. Then, an error classification with examples is given, also with an emphasis on inflectional languages, as well as some directions for further research in this area.