bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for the COvid-19 Toolbox for All IslaNd (CONTAIN) project: A cross-border analysis in Ireland to disentangle psychological, behavioural, media and governmental responses to COVID-19
Authors: Darker Catherine D. , O'Connell Nicola , Dempster Martin , Graham Christopher D. , O'Connor Cliodhna , Zgaga Lina , Nolan Ann , Tobin Katy , Brennan Niamh , Nicolson Gail , Burke Emma , Mather Luke , Crowley Philip , Scally Gabriel , Barry Joseph
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 represents a serious challenge to governments and healthcare systems. In addition to testing/contact tracing, behavioural and social responses such as handwashing and social distancing or cocooning are effective tools for mitigating the spread of the disease. Psychological (e.g., risk perceptions, self-efficacy) and contextual factors (government, public health messaging, etc.) are likely to drive these behaviours. Collated real-time information of these indicators strengthens local, national and international public health advice and messaging. Further, understanding how well public health and government messages and measures are understood, communicated via (social) media and adhered to is vital. There are two governments and public health jurisdictions on the island of Ireland, the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI). This represents an opportunity to explore implications of differing measures and messaging across these two jurisdictions as they relate to COVID-19 on two similar populations. The expert research team are drawn from a range of disciplines in the two countries.

This project has four nested studies:

Assessment of key behavioural, social and psychological factors through a large, prospective representative telephone survey of individuals aged over-18 on a weekly basis over eight weeks (n=3072); and conduct qualitative focus groups over the same period.

Interrogation of social media messaging and formal media responses in both jurisdictions to investigate the spread of (mis)information.

Modelling data from Studies 1 and 2, plotting the psychosocial/behavioural and media messaging information with international, ROI and NI incidence and mortality data. 

Conducting an assessment of health policy transfer in an attempt to incorporate the most significant public health and political insights from each jurisdiction.

The CONTAIN project will develop an evidence-based toolbox for targeting public health messaging and political leadership and will be created for use for the anticipated second wave of COVID-19, and subsequently for future epidemics/pandemics.
Deadlock Free Resource Management Technique for IoT-Based Post Disaster Recovery Systems
Authors: B Madhavi Devi , Agrawal Smriti , Rao R. Rajeshwara
Published: August 2020

Disasters are inevitable, but their impact can be mitigated with careful planning. An IoT-based network with limited resources can be used in the post-disaster recovery. However, the resource of common interest creates contention among its contenders. This contention leads to tussle which in turn may lead to a deadlock. Some of the existing techniques prevent or avoid deadlock by performing stringent testing with significant testing overhead. While others propose recovery action after the deadlock is detected with significant overhead. A deadlock leads to a breakdown of the post-disaster recovery system while testing overhead implies delayed response either case can lead to catastrophic losses. This paper presents a new class of techniques that do not perform stringent testing before allocating the resources but still ensure that the system is deadlock-free and the overhead is also minimal. The proposed technique suggests reserving a portion of the resources to ensure no deadlock would occur. The correctness of the technique is proved in the form of theorems. The average turnaround time is approximately 18%  lower for the proposed technique over Banker’s algorithm and also an optimal overhead of O(m).
A New Approach for Navigation and Traffic Signs Indication Using Map Integrated Augmented Reality for Self-Driving Cars
Authors: Deore Harshal , Agrawal Akshat , Jaglan Vivek , Nagpal Pooja , Sharma Mayank Mohan
Published: August 2020

Self-driving vehicles are one of the emerging technologies. This technology has potential to save lives and make lives comfortable. However, the technology used in self driving cars has to perform series of task for building perceptions. This has some certain prerequisites related to road infrastructure and is affected by daylight and weather conditions of the place. If these prerequisites are not satisfied then it could affect the performance of the vehicle and can be considered as compromise with safety of the users. This research work is focused on trying to find a new approach using which the underdeveloped countries will also be able to implement self driving cars in their county. The objective of this paper is to propose a new approach to supplement the technology used in the self-driving cars for perception. Using this approach the countries who don’t satisfy the prerequisites would be eligible to implement them without compromising the safety.The proposed approach uses the technology Augmented Reality to create and augment artificial objects of navigational signs and traffic signals based on vehicles location to reality. Later the augmented scene is fed into the conventional Deep learning object detection algorithm to detect the navigational artificial objected along with other real objects. This approach help navigate the vehicle even if the road infrastructure does not have very good sign indications and marking.The approach was tested locally by creating a local navigational system and a smartphone based augmented reality app. The approach performed better than the conventional method as the objects were clearer in the frame which made it each for the object detection to detect them.
A Parallelization based Data Management Framework for Pervasive IoT Applications
Authors: Zahoor Saniya , Mir Roohie Naaz
Published: August 2020

Pervasive Internet of Things (IoT) is a research paradigm that has attracted considerable attention nowadays. The main aim of pervasive IoT is that in the future, the everyday objects (devices) would be accessible, sensed, and interconnected inside the global structure of the Internet. But in most of the pervasive IoT applications, the resources of an IoT device such as storage, processing, and energy are limited; as such there is a need for management of resources in such applications. Multiple aspects related to the data such as the type of data, size of data, number of transmission and reception of data packets, the structure of data, etc are taken into consideration while managing the resources of pervasive IoT applications. Therefore data management is essential for the management of limited resources in such applications. This paper presents the recent studies and related information in data management for pervasive IoT applications having limited resources. This paper also proposes a parallelization based data management framework for resource-constrained pervasive applications of IoT. The comparison of the proposed framework is done with the sequential approach through simulations and empirical data analysis. The results show an improvement in energy, processing, and storage requirements for the processing of data on the IoT device in the proposed framework as compared to the sequential approach.
Design and Modeling of Resource-constrained IoT based Body Area Networks
Authors: Zahoor Saniya , Mir Roohie Naaz
Published: August 2020

Due to the recent advancement and development of sensing, wireless, and communication technologies, therehas been a shift in attention towards Body Area Networks (BANs). One of the most important services of BAN is the remote monitoring of patients, enabling doctors to observe, diagnose, and prescribe the patients without being physically present. Various vital signs are being monitored by body sensing devices installed inside, on or off the body of patients, but most of these devices are constrained in terms of resources such as storage, processing, bandwidth, and energy due to their smaller size. This paper aims at highlighting the key findings related to BAN applications, constrained resources, and various resource management techniques. The paper also presents the design and modeling of a resource-constrained BAN system and discusses the various scenarios of BAN in the context of resource constraints. It further proposes an Advanced Edge Clustering (AEC) approach to manage the resources such as energy, storage, and processing of BAN devices while performing real-time data capture of critical health parameters and detection of abnormal patterns. The comparison of the AEC approach is done with the Stable Election Protocol (SEP) through simulations and empirical data analysis. The results show an improvement in energy, processing time and storage requirements for the processing of data on BAN devices in AEC as compared to SEP.
International Financial Reporting Standards: the Origins of Uncertainty and Probability
Authors: Mislavskaya N.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to identifying the causes of crisis situations that accompany modern economic reality. Despite the fact that the scientifi c community is discussing the issues of preventing the corresponding negative consequences, the research vector of the scientifi c community is aimed at the management system, at the state’s foreign and domestic policy. Th e author considers the problem from a classical perspective. It is proposed to look for answers to questions in economic theory, in philosophy, in accounting and accounting (fi nancial) statements. In support of the conclusions laid theoretical work of the English School of Economics.
Accounting Challenges and Solutions in the Context of Economic Security
Authors: Koske Margarita , Mishuchkova Yuliya
Published: August 2020

The article interprets the importance of accounting tasks in terms of their empirical role in ensuring the economic security of economic entities, as they are structurally related to the key tasks of internal control and their mutually agreed solution is a factor in reducing risks and threats to economic security. For this purpose, the mutual relationship of accounting tasks, both with certain risks and with key internal control tasks, which are implemented through labour actions aimed at reducing risks and established in professional standards of a number of specialists was revealed.
A New Qualifi cation Exam for Obtaining an Auditor Qualifi cation Certifi cate As a Development of a National System of Professional Qualifi cations in the Field of Audit in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kazakova Nataliya
Published: August 2020

On June 19, 2020 ANO “Unifi ed Certifi cation Commission” conducted an online presentation of the new qualification exam for obtaining the qualification certifi cate of an auditor in the Russian Federation, which ente red into force on March 31, 2020.
In situ evaluation of spaceborne CALIOP lidar measurements of the upper-ocean particle backscattering coefficient
Authors: Lacour Léo , Larouche Raphael , Babin Marcel
Published: August 2020

The spaceborne CALIOP lidar, initially designed for atmospheric measurements, was recently used to retrieve the particulate backscattering coefficient (b
bp
) in ocean subsurface layers. However, extensive field evaluation of CALIOP estimates was never conducted due to the scarcity of in situ data. Here, year-round and basin-wide data from Biogeochemical Argo floats (BGC Argo) were used to evaluate CALIOP estimates in the North Atlantic. The high density of BGC Argo float profiles in this region allowed us to test different matchup strategies at different spatio-temporal scales. When averaged over 2° by 2° grid boxes and monthly time resolution, CALIOP data present reasonably good correlation with highly variable float b
bp
values (correlation r = 0.44, root mean square relative error RMS% = 13.2%), suggesting that seasonal dynamics can be characterized at basin scale.
Full-color see-through near-eye holographic display with 80° field of view and an expanded eye-box
Authors: Duan Xinhui , Liu Juan , Shi Xueliang , Zhang Zhiqi , Xiao Jiasheng
Published: August 2020

A full-color see-through near-eye holographic display is proposed with 80° field of view (FOV) and an expanded eye-box. The system is based on a holographic optical element (HOE) to achieve a large FOV while the image light is focused at the entrance to human pupil and the image of entire field enters human eye. As we know, one of the major limitations of the large FOV holographic display system is the small eye-box that needs to be expanded. We design a double layer diffraction structure for HOE to realize eye-box expansion. The HOE consists of two non-uniform volume holographic gratings and a transparent substrate. Two fabricated holographic gratings are attached to front and back surfaces of the substrate to multiplex image light and achieve eye-box expansion. Simultaneously, the HOE is also manufactured for RGB colors to realize full-color display. The experiment results show that our proposed display system develops 80° round FOV and an enlarged eye-box of 7.5 mm (H) ×5 mm (V) at the same time. The dynamic display ability is also tested in the experiments. The proposed system provides a new solution for the practical application of augmented reality display.
1.4  W in-band pumped Dy3+-doped gain-switched fiber laser at 3.24  µm
Authors: Jobin Frédéric , Paradis Pascal , Fortin Vincent , Magnan-Saucier Sébastien , Bernier Martin , Vallée Réal
Published: August 2020

In this Letter, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of an in-band pumped gain-switched

D
y

3
+

-doped fiber laser operating at 3.24 µm. The monolithic cavity bounded by two fiber Bragg gratings was pumped by a gain-switched

E
r

3
+

-doped fiber system. It produced stable nanosecond pulses in a single-pulse regime on its entire operating range from 20 kHz to 120 kHz. A record average power of 1.43 W was achieved for a repetition rate of 120 kHz, and a record pulse energy of 19.2 µJ was achieved at 60 kHz. These results represent a significant improvement in

D
y

3
+

-doped pulsed fiber laser performances and open the way to applications in the fields of remote sensing and material processing.
Resonant frequency doubling of phase-modulation-generated few-frequency fiber laser
Authors: Zeng Xin , Cui Shuzhen , Cheng Xin , Zhou Jiaqi , Qi Weiao , Feng Yan
Published: August 2020

Resonant frequency doubling of periodically phase-modulated single-frequency fiber laser is investigated as a method for power scaling of visible fiber lasers. Sinusoidal phase modulation is applied to generate few-frequency lasers at 1064 nm in the proof of principle experiments. By adjusting the modulation frequency to match the free spectral range of a doubling cavity, a resonant enhancement condition can be achieved and a near 30 W 532 nm laser is generated with a maximum conversion efficiency above 80%. The indistinguishable conversion efficiencies between the single-frequency and few-frequency cases prove the feasibility of the approach. Interesting spectral evolvement of the phase-modulated laser in second-harmonic generation is analyzed theoretically and observed in the experiment.
Efficient random lasing in topologically directed assemblies of blue-phase liquid crystal microspheres
Authors: Chauhan Sumanyu , Mukherjee Souptik , Varanytsia Andrii , Tsung Hou Chien , Zou Lu , Chien Liang-Chy
Published: August 2020

Controlling light flow in the directed-assembly of blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) microspheres with curvature boundaries and random domain of cubic lattices is a highly interesting photonic phenomenon. A strategy of efficient random lasing with resonant feedback based on a microemulsion comprising of BPLC, laser dye and block copolymer is presented here. BPLCs are produced with a microfluidic apparatus and confined in microspheres. These spatially-assembled dye-doped BPLC microdroplets are used as a source for the generation of laser light. Recurrent light flow inside the droplets comprising of face-centered cubic blue-phase boundaries provides omnidirectional lasing with efficient coherent feedback which is not supported by conventional resonators. The topologically directed assemblies of BPLC microspheres with explicit shape and symmetry are essential for reducing threshold and increasing Q-factor of laser emission. These results provide new avenues for a wide range of photonic applications.
3D shape measurement with an uncalibrated camera using the feature quantity type whole-space tabulation method
Authors: Fujigaki Motoharu , Kusunoki Yoshiyuki , Hara Takuya , Tanaka Hideyuki
Published: August 2020

A prototype of a 3D shape measurement device with two cameras was developed, and the prototype was used to confirm the effectiveness of the 3D shape measurement method that does not require camera parameters. For 3D shape measurement using a fringe projection method, generally the pixel coordinate in the image and phase information of the projected fringe pattern are used; however, 3D coordinates can be obtained from only three fringe phase values. Recently, authors proposed this method as a feature quantity type whole-space tabulation method. There were no camera parameters required because pixel coordinates were not used, and thus a camera calibration-free 3D shape measurement can be realized. Moreover, the experimental evaluation was performed using the prototype having two cameras. Although these cameras were located at different positions and had lenses with different focal lengths, their measured shapes of an object were almost identical. An experiment of 3D shape measurement using an uncalibrated camera was performed. The effectiveness of the proposed method was quantitatively validated from experimental result obtained using the developed prototype.
Molecular signals that govern tuber development in potato
Authors: Kondhare Kirtikumar R. , Natarajan Bhavani , Banerjee Anjan K.
Published: August 2020

The potato serves as the fourth most important food crop on the planet after the three cereal crops. It is rich in starch, storage proteins and important vitamins, dietary antioxidants and minerals. Potato is a modified stem (stolon) that grows underground, at the base of the plant, under favourable conditions. Perception and processing of signals occur in leaves and the corresponding information is transported to the stolon-tip. The elongation of the stolon-tip ceases and the plane of cell division changes from transverse to longitudinal, causing swelling of the sub-apical region of the stolon. This is accompanied by synthesis of starch in leaves, followed by its transport to and accumulation in the stolon. The initiation of tuber developmental signals and the subsequent stolon-to-tuber transition (tuberization) is undoubtedly a dynamic process which involves integration of multiple molecular factors, environmental cues and crosstalk between various pathways, including phytohormones. Understanding the tuberization process has been an aim of many plant biologists across the globe. Recent discoveries have shown that apart from photoperiod and hormonal metabolism, there are crucial transcription factors, small RNAs, full-length mobile mRNAs and proteins that regulate tuberization in potato. Although we have gained significant knowledge about the tuberization process, many questions on the underlying mechanisms of tuber development remain to be answered. In this review, we summarize the crucial molecular signals that govern tuber formation and propose an updated tuberization network along with future research directions.
Fungal senescence induced by the Neurospora sen mutation and mitochondrial plasmids - the contributions of Ramesh Maheshwari
Authors: Kasbekar Durgadas P.
Published: August 2020

This article describes some of the research contributions made by Prof. Ramesh Maheshwari and his colleagues at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. These include (1) the understanding of the Neurospora life cycle in agricultural (sugarcane) fields, (2) identification of Neurospora mutants that trigger vegetative spore development via microcycle conidiation, and (3) isolation of wild Neurospora strains in which the essential immortality of the fungal mycelia is subverted.
Lessons on gene regulation learnt from the Drosophila melanogaster bithorax complex
Authors: Srinivasan Arumugam , Mishra Rakesh K.
Published: August 2020

Homeotic or Hox genes determine the anterior-posterior body axis in all bilaterians. As expected, Hox genes are highly conserved across bilaterians. Interestingly, however, the peculiar organization of Hox genes in the form of clusters where the order of occurrence of genes in the genome corresponds to the order in which they regulate segmental identity of anterior-posterior body axis is also conserved. The relation between collinearity of arrangement of genes on the chromosomes and spatial function along the body axis has attracted attention to exploring its relevance in the precise regulation of Hox genes. Conservation of genes and their arrangement suggests a linkage between co-regulation and the higher order chromatin organization of the entire complex. To this end, we and others have used Drosophila as the model system to understand the cis-and trans-regulatory components of Hox genes. A number of chromatin-level regulatory elements, like chromatin domain boundaries, and Polycomb Response Elements (PREs) have been discovered in this process. Interestingly, much of what has emerged from the study of homeotic genes, the cis-elements and protein factors, have relevance across the genome in a large number of regulatory events beyond the Hox genes. Here, we review our findings and discuss their genome-wide implications in complex regulatory processes.
The effect of age on non-reproductive division of labour in the tropical primitively eusocial wasp, Ropalidia cyathiformis
Authors: Unnikrishnan Sruthi , Gadagkar Raghavendra
Published: August 2020

Division of labour among workers (non-reproductive division of labour), a characteristic feature of eusocial insects enables the efficient functioning of their colonies. In many advanced insect societies division of labour is based on age (age polyethism). Primitively eusocial insects however are believed to have a weak age polyethism. Here we investigated the role of age in non-reproductive division of labour in the tropical primitively eusocial wasp, Ropalidia cyathiformis and compared it with that in Ropalidia marginata, a congeneric species that exhibits relatively strong age polyethism. Age had a significant effect on the first performance of the four tasks studied; tasks were initiated in the sequence feed larva, build, bring food and bring building material. We measured task performance as the absolute frequency of tasks performed (FTP) and the probability of performing a task relative to other tasks (PTP) and age as absolute age in days since eclosion as well as relative age compared to nestmates. FTP varied significantly with both absolute and relative age, although absolute age explained more variance. PTP varied significantly with absolute age but not always with relative age. This is contrary to R. marginata, where more variation is explained by relative age than by absolute age. There was no trade-off between intranidal and extranidal tasks in R. cyathiformis unlike in R. marginata where the frequency of intranidal tasks decreased and that of extranidal tasks increased with age. We conclude that age polyethism is weak and less flexible in R. cyathiformis compared to that in R. marginata.
Cell population growth regulates dorsalization and caudalization during chick morphogenesis and programmed cell death in lens fibres
Authors: Modak Sohan Prabhakar
Published: August 2020

The chick embryo ectoblast was examined for a possible relationship between the state of neural competence and cell population growth. It was found that although ectoblast cells with doubling times ranging between 5 to 20 h exhibit neural competence, the extent of neutralization induced by the Hensen’s node depends on the duration of the cell cycle; the longer the doubling time of the competent ectoblast, the stronger the induction and the greater the induced neural tissue. Neural induction in the competent ectoblast occurs in at least two steps: the first lasts for 1-2 h of direct contact with the inducing Hensen’s node graft; a contact for another 2 h with even a non-inducing post-nodal fragment is essential to consolidate neutralization. Hensen’s node graft induces mitotic activity in the competent ectoblast in contact. Teratogens which inhibit cell population growth, development and blastoderm expansion in chick embryo gastrula cause concomitant caudalization of the embryonic axis. We confirm Yamada’s hypothesis that dorsalization is under positive mitogenic control, whereas caudalization is controlled by a negative cell cycle regulation. Reverse transcripts of chick gastrula mRNA were cloned in pBR322. Colony hybridization with cDNA made against chicken yolk RNA showed positive clones. Thus chicken yolk contains maternal mRNAs. cDNA made against mRNA extracted from stage 10 foreheads was hybridized with RNA from stage 1 to 13 embryos, 19 day lens and egg yolk. The hybridization signal, which was low between stages 1 to 7, increased between stages 10-13 and decreased thereafter. Forehead cDNA also hybridized to yolk RNA. Thus, maternal RNA sequences are present in the early chick embryo. During lens development, epithelial cells retain proliferative activity and their progeny reaching a stationary phase join the fibre area and contribute to the growth of fibre cells. The rate of transfer from epithelium to fibre regulates the rate of programmed cell death of the non-dividing differentiated lens fibre cells.
Epigenetic regulation and transcriptional memory in development; selection facilitating prudence
Authors: Verma Akanksha , Maini Jayant , Jain Shruti , Ghasemi Mohsen , Kohli Surbhi , Brahmachari Vani
Published: August 2020

The epigenetic mechanisms regulating developmental gene expression are examples of a strategy to generate unique expression profiles with global regulators controlling several genes. In a simplified view, a common set of tools, that include DNA motif recognizing proteins (recruiters), binding/interacting surfaces (ARPs- actin related proteins), epigenetic writers (histone methyltransferases, acetylases), readers (chromatin remodeling proteins, PRC1 members) and erasers (demethylases, deacetylases) form complexes which not only regulate transcription, but also retain the transcriptional memory through mitosis. There are two arms of epigenetic regulation: covalent modification of DNA and the post-translational modification of histones. In this review, we discuss both of these aspects briefly to illustrate functional diversity. We discuss our efforts at utilization of the genome sequence data for de novo identification of new players and their functional validation in this remarkable process.
Determination of organ size: a need to focus on growth rate, not size
Authors: Coelho Carmen M.A.
Published: August 2020

The regulation of growth and the determination of organ-size in animals is an area of research that has received much attention during the past two and a half decades. Classic regeneration and cell-competition studies performed during the last century suggested that for size to be determined, organ-size is sensed and this sense of size feeds back into the growth control mechanism such that growth stops at the “correct” size. Recent work using Drosophila imaginal discs as a system has provided a particularly detailed cellular and molecular understanding of growth. Yet, a clear mechanistic basis for size-sensing has not emerged. I re-examine these studies from a different perspective and ask whether there is scope for alternate modes of size control in which size does not need to be sensed.
The human face: genes, embryological development and dysmorphology
Authors: Bhat Meenakshi
Published: August 2020

Clinical dysmorphology is a medical specialty which requires training to systematically observe aberrations in facial development and to understand patterns in the recognition of underlying genetic syndromes. An understanding of normal facial embryology and structure, genetic mechanisms that contribute to facial development and the influence of age, sex, epigenetic, environmental and teratogen effects that contribute to facial dysmorphology are essential. The role of software programmes and databases in achieving diagnoses in subtler phenotypes is growing. A description of specific dysmorphisms of various parts of the human face and key genetic and mechanistic pathways are discussed in this review. Recognizing facial patterns and genetic syndromes efficiently aids in planning appropriate tests, securing an accurate diagnosis, counselling and predicting outcomes and offering interventions and therapies where available.
Indirect flight muscles in Drosophila melanogaster as a tractable model to study muscle development and disease
Authors: Jawkar Saroj , Nongthomba Upendra
Published: August 2020

Myogenesis is a complex multifactorial process leading to the formation of the adult muscle. An amalgamation of autonomous processes including myoblast fusion and myofibrillogenesis, as well as non-autonomous processes, such as innervations from neurons and precise connections with attachment sites, are responsible for successful development and function of muscles. In this review, we describe the development of the indirect flight muscles (IFMs) in Drosophila melanogaster, and highlight the use of the IFMs as a model for studying muscle development and disease, based on recent studies on the development and function of IFMs.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF BERGENIA CRASSIFOLIA (L.) FITSCH LEAVES OF DIFFERENT TERMS OF VEGETATION
Authors: Tsyrendorzhieva Svetlana Vladimirovna , Zhamsaranova Sesegma Dashiyevna
Published: August 2020

New data on the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of aqueous leaf extracts of Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fitsch of different periods of vegetation growing in the Republic of Buryatia were obtained. It is shown that this is one of the few plants whose leaves contain a significant amount of phenolic compounds. The maximum content of tannins was noted in the extract of red leaves of the incense – 2.42%. Depending on the phase of the collection of raw materials, the content of flavonoids in the water extracts of the leaves of the frangipani varied from 3.88 to 5.42%. A higher accumulation of flavonoids was observed in the extract of black leaves of badan, which is apparently associated with leaf fermentation, in which the cellular structure is destroyed, enzymes and polyphenols are released. The leader in determining the total content of anthocyanins, as well as for flavonoids, was the extract of black leaves of frankincense. The largest amount of arbutin was contained in the extract of green leaves of frankincense – 1.22%. The studied extracts had a high ability to absorb free radicals, however, the extract of green leaves of badan had the highest antiradical activity, had a minimum EC50 of 4 mg/cm3. The iron-chelating ability of the tested aqueous extracts of frankincense leaves of different periods of in vitro vegetation showed that the leaf extracts had weak iron-chelating activity.
DETERMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SEA BUCKTHORN OILS AND EXTRACTS FROM THE CON-TENT OF LIPID ANTIOXIDANTS VIA MICROCALORIMETRY
Authors: Sizova Nataliya Vital'yevna
Published: August 2020

An alternative method for assessing the quality of sea buckthorn oils and extracts from the concentration of biologically active lipid substances exhibiting antioxidant activity is considered. The method of microcalorimetry is used to assess the content of antioxidants. The heat of a model cumene oxidation reaction in the presence of sea buckthorn oils and extracts obtained by various technologies is registered. As compared to other methods for obtaining sea buckthorn lipid fractions, the extraction of sea buckthorn fruits with sunflower oil is considered to be an unproductive method, since an increase in antioxidant activity compared with the initial oil is found to be moderate: from 1.56∙10-3 to 1.69∙10-3 mol/kg. Sea buckthorn oil obtained by pressing berries (antioxidant content 6.12∙10-3 mol/kg) and carbon dioxide extraction of sea buckthorn meal (antioxidant content 5.92∙10-3 mol/kg) are of the highest biological value among the objects under study. The maximum amount of antioxidants (5.5∙10-2 mol/kg) is determined in a dry extract of sea-buckthorn fruits enriched with triterpenic acids of the ursan and olean series. The method for assessing the quality of extracts used in the work allows choosing the most efficient technique for processing sea buckthorn fruits. The concentration of antioxidants consisting of a complex of tocopherols, carotenoids, triterpenoids, lipophilic acids, and other compounds is a good criterion of the quality and therapeutic value of oils.
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF THE MELANIN FROM BIRCH FUNGUS (INONOTUS OBLIQUUS) OBTAINED BY CUL-TIVATING F-1244 STRAIN ISOLATING TO PURE CULTURE
Authors: Ilyicheva Tat'yana Nikolayevna , Anan’ko Grigoriy Grigor'yevich , Kosogova Tat'yana Alekseyevna , Olkin Sergey Yevgen'yevich , Omigov Vladimir Vilor'yevich , Taranov Oleg Svyatoslavovich , Teplyakova Tamara Vladimirovna
Published: August 2020

The aim of the work was a comparative study of the antiviral activity of the melanin isolated from submerged culture of basidiomycete birch fungus Inonotus obliquus F-1244 and melanin obtained from natural birch fungus. We showed that the melanin isolated from cultivated birch fungus is similar to the melanin from natural birch fungus in respect of its physicochemical and antiviral properties. Although, the sample`s activity depended not only on the source of melanin, but also on the method of isolating and purification. The toxic dose (CD50) varied from 300 to 2500 µg/ml. The effective antiviral dose in the case of A/H1N1pdm09 (ID50) was one from 10 to 47 µg/ml. The highest therapeutic index was for the melanin of the cultivated birch fungus, purified by dialysis. The index made 160; it is higher in 2, 5 times in comparison with natural birch fungus. The melanin from cultivated birch fungus is a promising substance for the developing of naturally occurring medication.
RESEARCH OF WHEAT BRAN AND PRODUCTS OF THEIR PYROLYSIS FOR EVALUATION OF ENERGY USE POSSIBILITY
Authors: Astaf'yev Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Gaydabrus Mariya Andreyevna , Ibrayeva Kanipa Talgatovna , Tabakayev Roman Borisovich , Yazykov Nikolay Alekseyevich , Zavorin Aleksandr Sergeyevich
Published: August 2020

The aim of the work is research thermal characteristics of bran and products of pyrolytic processing to evaluation the possibility of their use as a fuel.

As research methods, experiments were used to determine the yield of pyrolysis products and their characteristics, as well as differential thermal analysis. Thermotechnical characteristics of raw materials are determined by АСТМ Е1755-01, ISO 589:2008, ISO 5071-1:2013 and a bomb calorimeter ABK-1 (RET, Russia). The elemental composition of the raw materials is determined by the Vario Micro Cube analyzer (Elementar, Germany).

In result of the work is established that wheat bran has a high heat of combustion (16.6 MJ/kg) for biomass and a high yield of volatile (81%). The ash content of raw materials was 6.9%, herewith the ash residue has a sintered character at temperatures above 725 °C, which indicates the slag ability. The active stage of bran decomposition proceeds in a temperature range 225–500 °C, that established by means of the differential thermal analysis. The results of material balance determination showed that the carbon residue (43%) has a predominant yield from the raw materials, the share of pyrogenetic water is 29%, which is due to the exothermic reactions in the bran during heating, resin – 12%, gas – 16%. The CO2 and CO concentrations are dominated in composition of pyrolysis gas during a heating temperature to 350 °C, which is associated with the decomposition of the main components in the bran – cellulose and hemicellulose. The methane concentration begins to increase after 350 °C and reaches a maximum at 450 °C, the decomposition of thermally more resistant lignin was occured at these temperatures. The maximum gas heat of combustion (9.3 MJ/m3) was associated to the peak of methane concentration in gas.
DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF BUPLEURUM SCORZONERIFOLIUM WILLD. AERIAL PART IN DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL PHASES
Authors: Tykheev Zhargal Aleksandrovich , Taraskin Vasiliy Vladimirovich , Zhigzhitzhapova Svetlana Vasilyevna , Chimitov Daba Gombocyrenovich , Radnaeva Larisa Dorzhievna
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to investigate the changes in the composition of biologically active substances (essential oils, lipid fraction, phenolic compounds) of the aerial part of the Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. in depending on the phase of plant development. The greatest variety of compounds included in the composition of essential oils is characterized by a flowering phase. Fifteen terpene compounds – p-cymol, β-myrcene, trans-β-ocymene, limonene, (E,E)-α-farnesene, α-copaene, β-elemene, humulene, germacrene D, caryophyllene, γ-muurolene, bicyclogermacrene, Δ-cadinene, t-muurolol, spatulenol – are constant components of essential oils, regardless of phenophase. The quantitative content of these components varies from trace to major at different phenological phases. The coincidence of the main components of the lipid fraction was established. The main saturated acid is 16:0. Its content changes depending on the phase of vegetation – it is approximately at the same level determined in the phases of vegetation and flowering phases (26.78% and 27.26%, respectively) and there is a decrease in the fruit phase (18.17%). The main monounsaturated fatty acid is 18:1n9. Its greatest content was found in the fruiting phase, the smallest – flowering. The predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid is 18:2n9,12. Its greatest content was found in the vegetation phase (26.78%), the lowest - flowering (24.23%). However, the total content of unsaturated fatty acids exceeds the total content of saturated fatty acids in all phases of plant development. Although, their ratio varies from phenophase. There is a general pattern of highest content of phenolic compounds in the flowering phase for all studied samples. It was shown that during the flowering phase, the maximum accumulation of essential oils, lipids and phenolic compounds is observed.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF DISSOLVING WOOD PULP
Authors: Khakimova Firdaves Kharisovna , Sinyayev Konstantin Andreyevich , Ruslan Eduardovich
Published: August 2020

The work is devoted to the study of possibility and expediency of ECF bleaching for semi-chemical pulp with production of dissolving pulp, which is very popular in Russia and in the world. Production of dissolving wood pulp is important to replace cotton pulp obtained from imported raw materials.

The conditions of bleaching and alkali treatment of sulfite pulp are investigated. CA dissolving pulp grade P was produced. To this end, new environmentally reliable short bleaching and alkali treatment schemes of sulfite pulp have been developed using only two oxidizing reagents: hydrogen peroxide and sodium chlorite. The bleaching schemes are based on the ECF technology developed earlier by the authors.

Bleached dissolving pulp CA grade P was obtained according to all proposed schemes, including the shortened scheme Pa–E–Ch1–HAT–Ch2–A; pulp with increased yield was obtained due to good selectivity of the used chemicals under the developed conditions of delignification and bleaching, which contributes to the economy of wood. The possibility of obtaining pulp for viscose according to the above scheme is also shown.

The results of studies have shown the possibility of obtaining wood pulp CA grade P from these raw materials by TCF technology with the use for delignification and bleaching (after alkali treatment) of hydrogen peroxide in an acidic and traditional alkaline medium, respectively.
THE EFFICIENCY OF PAENIBACILLUS BACTERIA CULTIVATION ON NUTRIENT MEDIUM FROM ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSATE OF RICE HUSKS
Authors: Ha Thi Dung , Kanarskiy Al'bert Vladimirovich , Kanarskaya Zosia Aĺbiertovna , Kruchina-Bogdanov Igor' Vadimovich , Shcherbakov Andrey Vladimirovich , Shcherbakova Yelena Nikolayevna
Published: August 2020

The full use of secondary raw materials from processing plants by biotechnological methods is economically feasible and promising for the biotechnological industry. The purpose of this study is developing technology for the utilization of rice husk to obtain nutrient medium for the cultivation of bacteria Paenibacillus, promising for the production of agricultural biological products, in particular, biological fertilizers and feed additives. The processing of rice husk by using chemical and biotechnological methods showed that optimized condition for the separation of fiber and mineral substances from rice husk is treating rice husk with sodium hydroxide with concentration 2.5% at 120 °C for 20 minutes. The possibility of obtaining simple sugars by enzymatic treatment of rice husk fiber with the enzyme preparation Accellerase 1500 for 24 hours at 55 °C was observed. Under these conditions, the enzymatic hydrolysate of rice husks contains 89% of reducing sugars of absolute dry matter, as well as amino acids and organic acids. It has been proved that the enzymatic hydrolysate of rice husk can be used as the main substrate for the cultivation of strains 560, 563, 567, 568, 572, 574, 17-2 bacteria P. mucilaginosus and 17-6 bacteria P. salinicaeni. Screening of bacteria Paenibacillus by specific growth rate, generation time, biomass yield, and also by the activity of extracellular enzymes, it was found that strain 560, which is recommended for further studies for developing technology of bioproducts for agricultural purposes.
Potencialidades da epidemiologia baseada em esgoto nas ações da Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia pela COVID-19
Authors: Saraiva Soares Alexandra Fátima , Nunes Bárbara Caroline Ricci , Costa Flávia Cristina Rodrigues , Silva Luís Fernando de Morais , Souza e Souza Luís Paulo
Published: August 2020

Com a presença de materiais genéticos do SARS-CoV-2 nas fezes de indivíduos infectados e em amostras de esgotos sanitários, novos desafios surgiram nas discussões sobre a COVID-19, destacando-se a Epidemiologia Baseada em Esgoto. Considerando o papel que a Atenção Primária à Saúde – APS desempenha na redução da incidência da infecção na população adscrita, com impacto direto nos índices de morbimortalidade, e levando em conta os desafios advindos das novas pesquisas de monitoramento dos esgotos, neste artigo, buscou-se discurtir as pontencialidades da Epidemiologia Baseada em Esgoto nos serviços da APS frente à COVID-19 no Brasil. O monitoramento do esgoto poderia subsidiar ações regionalizadas de contenção do vírus na APS, permitindo antecipar a mobilização dos serviços em áreas potencialmente em risco - onde a circulação do vírus seja detectada pelo monitoramento dos esgotos. Pela característica singular de ter o território como núcleo de análise e atuação, com as informações advindas dos esgotos, os serviços da APS poderiam organizar práticas educativas em cada comunidade, considerando as especificidades locais, a fim de potencializar a coordenação do cuidado e seus demais atributos. A Epidemiologia do Esgoto traria contribuições singulares aos serviços da APS, sendo capaz de monitorar tendências espaciais e temporais, produzir resultados em tempo quase-real (por meio de biossensores), gerar informações em escala populacional e determinar a situação da COVID-19 dentro e entre as comunidades. Ademais, demandaria menos gasto público, quando comparado aos testes clínicos. Frente às limitações financeiras e operacionais para a testagem em massa no Brasil, e mesmo com as limitações quanto à cobertura ideal dos serviços de saneamento em todas as cidades, os esgotos surgem como mais um ponto a ser considerado neste momento pandêmico, apresentando-se como uma ferramenta que pode fornecer um diagnóstico coletivo nas comunidades, somando no fortalecimento dos sistemas de vigilância sanitária, epidemiológica e ambiental no país.
ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA DO BAIXO CURSO DO RIO CUBATÃO, EM JOINVILLE (SC), NO PERÍODO ENTRE 1938 E 2015: IMPACTO DE BARRAGEM NA MORFODINÂMICA FLUVIAL
Authors: Silveira Ricardo Michael Pinheiro , Oliveira Fabiano Antônio de , Neuman Gisele
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar o impacto ocasionado na morfologia fluvial pela construção de uma barragem e de um canal retificado (de derivação) no baixo curso do rio Cubatão, localizado no nordeste do estado de Santa Catarina. A análise multitemporal se deu a partir fotografias aéreas e imagens de satélite dos anos de 1938, 1953, 1966, 1996 e 2010 e 2015. Foram delimitados os canais de drenagem de cada ano, seguido do cálculo da sinuosidade e mapeamento dos meandros e barras existentes. Por fim, foram modelados dois cenários do índice de potência do escoamento: um considerando o leito natural e outro apenas o canal de derivação. Como decorrência da construção da barragem e do canal retificado que dividiu o fluxo do rio Cubatão na década de 1950, os resultados expuseram as alterações morfológicas e morfodinâmicas do rio, denotando o aumento da sinuosidade (4,7%), a queda progressiva da área ocupada pelo leito vazante (44%) e o decréscimo de 78% da área ocupada por barras. Reforça-se que houve um destacado aumento da sinuosidade do rio entre 1953 e 1966. Próximo à foz, inversamente, a sinuosidade diminuiu em 2% e a área do leito vazante, de modo destacado, aumentou em 16%.
FISHING, PROCESSING, COMMERCIALIZATION AND A PROPOSE TO FISHERY WASTE REUSE OF SURURU Mytella falcata IN THE MUNDAÚ LAGOON, MACEIÓ – AL, BRAZIL
Authors: Tamano Luana Tieko Omena , Lima Beethoven Brandão Correia de , Da Silva Joseane , Araujo Daniel de Magalhães
Published: August 2020

A diagnosis was made on the fishing, processing, commercialization and generation of residues of the sururu fishery in Mundaú lagoon, Maceió-AL. Thirty nine fishermen were interviewed and also incursions were made for observations. Furthermore, sururus were collected to perform biometry. Residue of the sururu processing was collected to the fabrication of sururu waste meal (SWM), posteriorilly its bromatological composition was analysed. Fishermens of sururus fish 4.56 times week-1 and each fishing excursion lasts 5h26min, yielding 18.61 cans (18.61 to 37.22 kg soft tissue). Besides the sururus, 77.92% also catch fish, shrimp, and other organisms to complement the income. Average selling price was R$ 6.92 per kg of edible and CPUE from 3.42 to 6.85kg edible day-1. The average size and weight are 33.21 mm and 1.62 g, with 782.53 g of waste being generated to produce 1.0 kg of meat. SWM contained 37.00% calcium. It was verified that there is a need to create a management plan capable of reducing environmental impact in the lagoon, implement fishing programs and waste management, as well as improve the structure for the processing of that mollusc. Studies of the use of SWM as a source of calcium in diets are also recommended.