bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical factors in implementing the ISSA Guidelines on return to work and re-integration in developing world contexts
Authors: Olivier Marius , Govindjee Avinash
Published: November 2014

The International Social Security Association (ISSA) “Guidelines on Return-to-Work and Reintegration” (the Guidelines) chronicles good practice models, policies and procedures which have successfully been implemented by social security institutions in respect of return-to-work and reintegration. Models have specifically been developed by ISSA in order to identify approaches that will enable decision-makers in social security institutions to benefit from global experience in this area. In particular, the Guidelines are designed to: outline strategic options for social security institutions in order to achieve these outcomes; stimulate discussion around good practice return-to-work programmes for social security institutions; identify critical success design elements; and offer practical implementation tools.

Return-to-work of occupationally injured and diseased workers, and the management of their disabilities, is an area clearly in need of reform in the developing world. The proposed contribution focuses on the recent experiences of two middle-to-high income developing countries, namely Malaysia and South Africa, who are at different stages of introducing and implementing detailed return-to-work measures. The paper considers salient aspects of the seven “Specific Return-to-work Principles and Guidelines” (the Specific Guidelines, contained in Part B of the Guidelines) and matches these against the approaches adopted / being adopted by Malaysia and South Africa respectively. This methodology is designed to provide a comparative, context-specific sample of the application of selected issues emerging from the Specific Guidelines in order to provide some pointers for purposes of extrapolating how return-to-work and reintegration might be introduced and implemented in other (middle-to-high income) countries in the developing world.

The paper acknowledges the tremendous challenges faced by developing countries in introducing and implementing return-to-work and reintegration arrangements, but focuses instead on the application of Specific Guidelines such as “early intervention” and an “individualized approach” in Malaysia and South Africa. The paper draws on constitutional frameworks, draft and existing legislation, policy statements and judicial precedent in order to demonstrate the extent to which the two countries have already been able to integrate selected best practice principles, which are now contained in the Specific Guidelines, in their respective approaches. The paper accordingly holds the potential to demonstrate that the sentiments contained in the Guidelines are practically implementable and ought, therefore, to be carefully considered and analysed by other countries seeking to introduce similar return-to-work and rehabilitation initiatives.
The integrated DM approach within the Scottish National Health System
Authors: Halsey Graham
Published: November 2014

Background: Scotland has historically had one of the highest rates of poor health and corresponding work related absence in the developed world. To address this challenge, the Scottish government formed a specialised unit in 2006, the Scottish Centre for Healthy Working Lives (SCHWL). Functioning as an extension of the government funded National Health System (NHS), SCHWL's principle goal was to engage employers and enable them to protect and improve the health of their employees.

Hypothesis: The establishment of disability management services within the National Health Service would create a primary link between medical/health services and employers/employees, resulting in improved timeframes for return to work and reduced absence rates.

Methods: The SCHWL established three pilot projects to deliver Vocational Rehabilitation Services across Scotland. This included the provision of disability management services to enable workers to return to or remain in work, with the intention of creating a necessary bridge between the health care system and employers/employees. SCHWL determined that specialised training of health professional staff working within the NHS would be a critical requirement for success. In 2009, SCHWL engaged KMG Health Partners to begin delivery of the NIDMAR education programme to a cross section of staff working within the NHS. KMG has now trained over 50 health professionals who have achieved their Certified Disability Management Professional (CDMP) designation and who work with the NHS across Scotland. Principle Findings: The CDMP's function as a critical link between the traditional health services accessed at the initial stages of an employee's injury or illness. Their primary role facilitates and supports return to work from the initial onset of medical/health treatment.

Conclusion: The innovative approach implemented by SCHWL has achieved measurable improvements in the communication process between NHS treating health professionals and employers, employer engagement in the return to work process, and reduced employee timeframes for return to work.
A new approach to occupational reintegration using the hybrid assistive limb voluntary driven exoskeleton HAL
Authors: Piasecki Hans-Jörg , Cruciger Oliver
Published: November 2014

The socio-professional reintegration of spinal cord injured (SCI) patients, remains challenging due to aggravating circumstances. In spite of conventional treatment the patients’ limitations regarding mobility, chronic pain syndrome, incontinence and prolonged inability to work due to decubitus ulcer and contractures often add up to an insurmountable disadvantage in the occupational rehabilitation. An international cooperation between Cyberdyne Inc. (Japan) and the professional association of raw materials and chemical industry (Germany), focusing on a new therapeutic approach reveals promising outcomes to improve the situation of these spinal cord injured patients. During the treatment the patients perform a locomotion training using the hybrid assistive limb (HAL®) exoskeleton which offers the unique possibility to record and amplify minimal bioelectrical signals by emg-electrodes on the skin of the lower extremities resulting in machine supported gait pattern synchronously to the patient´s voluntary drive. After 12 weeks of training significant improvements, regarding functional mobility has been achieved leading overall to a more autonomous and motivated patient. The presentation of the results and potential impact on the occupational rehabilitation will be based on video supported case reports.
An introduced pentastomid parasite (Raillietiella frenata) infects native cane toads (Rhinella marina) in Panama
Authors: KELEHEAR CRYSTAL , SALTONSTALL KRISTIN , TORCHIN MARK E.
Published: November 2014

The pentastomid parasite, Raillietiella frenata, is native to Asia where it infects the Asian House gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus. This gecko has been widely introduced and recently R. frenata was found in introduced populations of cane toads (Rhinella marina) in Australia, indicating a host-switch from introduced geckos to toads. Here we report non-native adult R. frenata infecting the lungs of native cane toads in Panama. Eight of 64 toads were infected (median = 2·5, range = 1–80 pentastomids/toad) and pentastomid prevalence was positively associated with the number of buildings at a site, though further sampling is needed to confirm this pattern. We postulate that this pattern is likely due to a host shift of this parasite from an urban-associated introduced gecko. This is the first record of this parasite infecting cane toads in their native range, and the first instance of this parasite occurring in Central America.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF NEBULIZED MAGNESIUM SULPHATE IN ACUTE SEVERE ASTHMA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Petrou Stavros , Boland Angela , Khan Kamran , Powell Colin , Kolamunnage-Dona Ruwanthi , Lowe John , Doull Iolo , Hood Kerry , Williamson Paula
Published: November 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of nebulized magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in acute asthma in children from the perspective of the UK National Health Service and personal social services.

Methods: An economic evaluation was conducted based on evidence from a randomized placebo controlled multi-center trial of nebulized MgSO4 in severe acute asthma in children. Participants comprised 508 children aged 2–16 years presenting to an emergency department or a children's assessment unit with severe acute asthma across thirty hospitals in the United Kingdom. Children were randomly allocated to receive nebulized salbutamol and ipratropium bromide mixed with either 2.5 ml of isotonic MgSO4 or 2.5 ml of isotonic saline on three occasions at 20-min intervals. Cost-effectiveness outcomes were constructed around the Yung Asthma Severity Score (ASS) after 60 min of treatment; whilst cost-utility outcomes were constructed around the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) metric. The nonparametric bootstrap method was used to present cost-effectiveness acceptability curves at alternative cost-effectiveness thresholds for either: (i) a unit reduction in ASS; or (ii) an additional QALY.

Results: MgSO4 had a 75.1 percent probability of being cost-effective at a GBP 1,000 (EUR 1,148) per unit decrement in ASS threshold, an 88.0 percent probability of being more effective (in terms of reducing the ASS) and a 36.6 percent probability of being less costly. MgSO4 also had a 67.6 percent probability of being cost-effective at a GBP 20,000 (EUR 22,957) per QALY gained threshold, an 8.5 percent probability of being more effective (in terms of generating increased QALYs) and a 69.1 percent probability of being less costly. Sensitivity analyses showed that the results of the economic evaluation were particularly sensitive to the methods used for QALY estimation.

Conclusions: The probability of cost-effectiveness of nebulized isotonic MgSO4, given as an adjuvant to standard treatment of severe acute asthma in children, is less than 70 percent across accepted cost-effectiveness thresholds for an additional QALY.
Biochemical markers for assessment of calcium economy and bone metabolism: application in clinical trials from pharmaceutical agents to nutritional products
Authors: Bonjour Jean-Philippe , Kohrt Wendy , Levasseur Régis , Warren Michelle , Whiting Susan , Kraenzlin Marius
Published: November 2014

Nutrition plays an important role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Substantial progress in both laboratory analyses and clinical use of biochemical markers has modified the strategy of anti-osteoporotic drug development. The present review examines the use of biochemical markers in clinical research aimed at characterising the influence of foods or nutrients on bone metabolism. The two types of markers are: (i) specific hormonal factors related to bone; and (ii) bone turnover markers (BTM) that reflect bone cell metabolism. Of the former, vitamin D metabolites, parathyroid hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I indicate responses to variations in the supply of bone-related nutrients, such as vitamin D, Ca, inorganic phosphate and protein. Thus modification in bone remodelling, the key process upon which both pharmaceutical agents and nutrients exert their anti-catabolic or anabolic actions, is revealed. Circulating BTM reflect either osteoclastic resorption or osteoblastic formation. Intervention with pharmacological agents showed that early changes in BTM predicted bone loss and subsequent osteoporotic fracture risk. New trials have documented the influence of nutrition on bone-tropic hormonal factors and BTM in adults, including situations of body-weight change, such as anorexia nervosa, and weight loss by obese subjects. In osteoporosis-prevention studies involving dietary manipulation, randomised cross-over trials are best suited to evaluate influences on bone metabolism, and insight into effects on bone metabolism may be gained within a relatively short time when biochemical markers are monitored.
HISTORICISM, SOCIALISM AND LIBERALISM AFTER THE DEFEAT: ON THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF YASIN AL-HAFIZ
Authors: FRANGIE SAMER
Published: November 2014

This essay deals with the intellectual transformation of the late Syrian intellectual Yasin al-Hafiz, and more precisely with his historicist blurring of the distinction between liberalism and socialism in the aftermath of the defeat of 1967. Even though this ideology was not a textbook liberalism, al-Hafiz's later rehabilitation of it is one of the many components of a genealogy of Arab liberalism, one that is marked by the end of the hopes of the postcolonial state. Through this reading of al-Hafiz's intellectual project, the essay addresses the broader question of travelling theories, and, more precisely, the question of how to study the modernist traditions in the non-Western world. In doing so, the goal is to set the basis for a rethinking of contemporary intellectual history in the Arab postcolonial era and to uncover its reflexive streak.
±10.5 V 16‐channel programmable pulse generator using high‐voltage BCD CMOS process
Authors: Wang Chua‐Chin , Wang Deng‐Shian , Sung Tzu‐Chiao , Wu Yi‐Hong , Shmilovitz Doron
Published: November 2014

A ±10.5 V programmable pulse generator (PPG) fabricated by high‐voltage (HV) BCD CMOS technology is demonstrated, where a charge pump composed of five cascaded voltage doublers is included to boost the voltage from 2.5 V to be higher than 10 V. A cross‐voltage‐domain operational amplifier is proposed to carry out voltage level conversion and amplification. HV analogue switches are also proposed to change the direction of output currents. The proposed 16‐channel PPG is realised on silicon, where the die area is 5.43 mm2. Physical measurements justify that the maximum output current is 525 μA, and the largest voltage of the pulses is ±10.5 V.
Digital predistortion technique based on non‐uniform MP model and interpolated LUT for linearising PAs with memory effects
Authors: Feng Xiaowen , Feuvrie Bruno , Descamps Anne‐Sophie , Wang Yide
Published: November 2014

A new digital predistortion technique based on a direct learning architecture is proposed for linearising power amplifiers (PAs) with nonlinear memory effects. It is based on the non‐uniform memory polynomial (MP) model and with a quadratically interpolated LUT. There are mainly two innovations. First, compared with the conventional MP model, the non‐uniform MP model achieves the same modelling accuracy with less coefficients. Secondly, compared with the linearly interpolated LUT, the quadratically interpolated LUT has higher accuracy, which is adopted to realise a part of the mathematical computations in the predistortion. The proposed solution is validated on a real PA ZFL‐2500. It reduces the number of the model's coefficients and achieves a spectrum regrowth suppression of about 15 dB with a table size of only 8.
Hardware‐assisted estimation of entropy norm for high‐speed network traffic
Authors: Lai Yu‐Kuen , Wellem Theophilus , You Hui‐Ping
Published: November 2014

The computation of the entropy of a high‐speed data stream in a one‐pass fashion is crucial to many network security applications. Motivated by the work of Lall et al., this study examines the design trade‐off of processing speed and accuracy for estimating the entropy norm. The proposed scheme leverages the Count Sketch with constant memory access on counter update and point query operations. With a bounded relative error and a constant memory access cycle, the design can process incoming traffic with a throughput of 30 Gbit/s.
Ground moving target imaging algorithm for single channel airborne CSSAR
Authors: Li Yongkang , Wang Tong
Published: November 2014

Airborne circular stripmap synthetic aperture radar (CSSAR) has the advantages of short revisit time and large coverage, and thus is an attractive tool for wide area surveillance. A novel ground moving target imaging algorithm for single channel airborne CSSAR is proposed. The proposed algorithm can be implemented without knowing a target’s motion parameters. Simulation results indicate that moving targets can be well focused by the proposed algorithm.
Soft‐error protection of TCAMs based on ECCs and asymmetric SRAM cells
Authors: Gherman V. , Cartron M.
Published: November 2014

Content‐addressable memories (CAMs) enable the comparison of their entire content to a search word in one single access. Ternary CAMs (TCAMs) provide the possibility to store and handle not only 0 s and 1 s but also don't cares. A way to protect TCAMs implemented with static random‐access memory (SRAM) cells against soft‐errors is proposed. Asymmetric SRAM cells are used to reduce the probability that soft‐errors (a) affect don't cares and (b) corrupt 0 s and 1 s into anything else than a don't care. This implies that soft‐errors will only have the tendency to generate false‐hits that point to an erroneous matching word. Such a failure can be mitigated with the help of an error‐correcting code (ECC), as is the case with conventional memories. Other types of failures which are more difficult to detect and locate, i.e. false‐misses or false‐hits that point to an error‐free matching word or false‐misses, become very rare or non‐existent.
Fairness guaranteed joint CRE and eICIC scheme for capacity improvement in two‐tier heterogeneous networks
Authors: Zhang Qixun , Yang Tuo , Zhang Yue , Feng Zhiyong
Published: November 2014

A joint cell range expansion (CRE) and enhanced inter‐cell interference coordination (eICIC) scheme is proposed to enhance the capacity of two‐tier heterogeneous networks. Optimal CRE bias and almost blank subframe ratio solutions are achieved by considering the fairness of users at the centre and cell edge. Capacity improvement is verified through extended results.
Fast algorithm for dark channel prior
Authors: Gao Renjie , Wang Yi , Liu Min , Fan Xin
Published: November 2014

A fast algorithm to calculate the dark channel prior (DCP) with the complexity constant for window size and linear for image size is presented. The strategy followed is that of ‘trade space for time’, and a data structure is developed, called the partitioned minimal table (PAMT), to orderly store the local minima of four partitions of every non‐overlapping patch. The comparisons of four values, one from each PAMT, give the DCP value at every pixel, which renders the fast DCP calculation. Experiments show that the fast algorithm greatly improves the time expense of DCP calculation where large size windows (hundreds) are necessary.
Memristor‐based parallel sorting approach using one‐dimensional cellular automata
Authors: Vourkas I. , Stathis D. , Sirakoulis G.Ch.
Published: November 2014

A novel memristor‐based circuit‐level cellular automata (CA)‐inspired approach to the solution of the classic sorting problem of n Keys in a linear array is presented. The presented system utilises the structural simplicity of CA combined with the threshold‐type switching behaviour of memristors and composite memristive components; the latter is used for both information encoding and computation. The focus is on a threshold‐type model for memristors for the implementation of the fundamental CA cell and the overall CA operation is verified via simulations.
5 × 5 scattered temperature sensor front‐end based on single‐doide with non‐trimmed ±0.7°C 3σ relative inaccuracy
Authors: Vosooghi Bozorgmehr , Lu Li , Li Changzhi
Published: November 2014

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT)‐based scattered relative temperature sensor front‐end with a 5 × 5 remote sensor node array in 180 nm CMOS process is presented. To eliminate diode mismatches and reduce the sensor node area, a single‐diode approach that accurately switches different amounts of currents into a single PNP BJT is employed. Dynamic element matching (DEM) is applied to the current mirrors so that the current ratio is precisely controlled. The 5 × 5 sensor nodes with a unit size of only 15 × 10 µm2 are distributed across the chip. Experimental results show that the minimum supply voltage (analogue) is 1 V over a temperature range of 0–125°C. The measured 3σ relative inaccuracy was <±0.7°C without trimming across the 0–125°C temperature range while drawing a current of < 22 µA. Furthermore, the multi‐location thermal monitoring function has been demonstrated experimentally and a 4°C/mm on‐chip temperature gradient was detected.
Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of deformation and aggregation of healthy and diseased red blood cells in a tube flow
Authors: Ye Ting , Phan-Thien Nhan , Khoo Boo Cheong , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we report simulation results assessing the deformation and aggregation of mixed healthy and malaria-infected red blood cells (RBCs) in a tube flow. A three dimensional particle model based on Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) is developed to predict the tube flow containing interacting cells. The cells are also modelled by DPD, with a Morse potential to characterize the cell-cell interaction. As validation tests, a single RBC in a tube flow and two RBCs in a static flow are simulated to examine the cell deformation and intercellular interaction, respectively. The study of two cells, one healthy and the other malaria-infected RBCs in a tube flow demonstrates that the malaria-infected RBC (in the leading position along flow direction) has different effects on the healthy RBC (in the trailing position) at the different stage of parasite development or at the different capillary number. With parasitic development, the malaria-infected RBC gradually loses its deformability, and in turn the corresponding trailing healthy RBC also deforms less due to the intercellular interaction. With increasing capillary number, both the healthy and malaria-infected RBCs are likely to undergo an axisymmetric motion. The minimum intercellular distance becomes small enough so that rouleaux is easily formed, i.e., the healthy and malaria-infected RBCs are difficultly disaggregated.
Tuning the smooth particle mesh Ewald sum: Application on ionic solutions and dipolar fluids
Authors: Linse Björn , Linse Per
Published: November 2014

Numerical properties of the smooth particle mesh Ewald (SPME) sum [U. Essmann, L. Perera, M. L. Berkowitz, T. Darden, H. Lee, and L. G. Pedersen, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 8577 (1995)] have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulation of ionic solutions and dipolar fluids. Scaling dependence of execution time on the number of particles at optimal performance have been determined and compared with the corresponding data of the standard Ewald (SE) sum. For both types of systems and over the range from N = 103 to 105 particles, the SPME sum displays a sub $\mathscr{O}$O(N ln N) complexity, whereas the SE sum possesses an $\mathscr{O}$O(N3/2) complexity. The breakeven of the simulation times appears at $\mathscr{O}$O(103) particles, and the SPME sum is ≈20 times faster than the SE sum at 105 particles. Furthermore, energy truncation error and the energy and force execution time of the reciprocal space evaluation as function of the number of particles and the convergence parameters of the SPME sum have been determined for both types of systems containing up to 106 particles.
Drag reduction effect by a wave-like wall-normal body force in a turbulent channel flow
Authors: Mamori Hiroya , Fukagata Koji
Published: November 2014

Skin-friction drag reduction effect of a wave-like wall-normal body force in a fully developed turbulent channel flow is investigated by means of direct numerical simulation. The flow rate is kept constant; the bulk Reynolds number is set at 5600, which corresponds to the friction Reynolds number of about 180 in the uncontrolled flow. An exponential decay of the wall-normal body force is assumed so that the body force acts in the regions near the walls only. The friction drag is found to decrease when the wave travels in the upstream direction at slower wavespeeds than the bulk-mean velocity; the maximum drag reduction rate of about 40% is achieved in the case of a stationary control input. The net energy saving rate, however, is found to be mostly negative and, if positive, subtle. Visualization of the flow field shows attenuation of streamwise vortical structures and existence of spanwise roller-like vortices. The spanwise roller-like vortices are found to produce a negative Reynolds shear stress in the regions near the walls, which contributes to the reduction of friction drag. A linear analysis reveals that the spanwise roller-like vortices are well described by a linearized Navier-Stokes equation.
On astigmatic exponentially localized solutions for the wave and the Klein–Gordon–Fock equations
Authors: Fialkovsky I. V. , Perel M. V. , Plachenov A. B.
Published: November 2014

Highly localized explicit solutions to the wave and Klein–Gordon–Fock multidimensional linear equations are presented. Their Fourier transforms are also found explicitly. Solutions depend on a set of parameters and demonstrate astigmatic properties. Asymptotic analysis for large and moderate time shows that constructed particle-like solutions have Gaussian localization near a point moving with the group speed.
Singularity analysis in planar vector fields
Authors: Giné Jaume
Published: November 2014

The aim of singularity analysis is to build local solutions around their singularities in the complex time. Integrability properties or the existence of particular solutions follow from the detailed analysis of the series expansions of the local solutions once they are constructed. In this work we made a survey of the most important results of the singularity analysis which we apply to planar vector fields.
A survey of pulse shape options for a revised plastic ablator ignition design
Authors: Clark D. S. , Milovich J. L. , Hinkel D. E. , Salmonson J. D. , Peterson J. L. , Berzak Hopkins L. F. , Eder D. C. , Haan S. W. , Jones O. S. , Marinak M. M. , Robey H. F. , Smalyuk V. A. , Weber C. R.
Published: November 2014

Recent experimental results using the “high foot” pulse shape for inertial confinement fusion ignition experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Moses et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 041006 (2009)] have shown encouraging progress compared to earlier “low foot” experiments. These results strongly suggest that controlling ablation front instability growth can significantly improve implosion performance even in the presence of persistent, large, low-mode distortions. Simultaneously, hydrodynamic growth radiography experiments have confirmed that ablation front instability growth is being modeled fairly well in NIF experiments. It is timely then to combine these two results and ask how current ignition pulse shapes could be modified to improve one-dimensional implosion performance while maintaining the stability properties demonstrated with the high foot. This paper presents such a survey of pulse shapes intermediate between the low and high foot extremes in search of an intermediate foot optimum. Of the design space surveyed, it is found that a higher picket version of the low foot pulse shape shows the most promise for improved compression without loss of stability.
Mobility and density induced amplitude death in metapopulation networks of coupled oscillators
Authors: Shen Chuansheng , Chen Hanshuang , Hou Zhonghuai
Published: November 2014

We investigate the effects of mobility and density on the amplitude death of coupled Landau-Stuart oscillators and Brusselators in metapopulation networks, wherein each node represents a subpopulation occupied any number of mobile individuals. By numerical simulations in scale-free topology, we find that the systems undergo phase transitions from incoherent state to amplitude death, and then to frequency synchronization with increasing the mobility rate or density of oscillators. Especially, there exists an extent of intermediate mobility rate and density that can lead to global oscillator death. Furthermore, we show that such nontrivial phenomena are robust to diverse network topologies. Our findings may invoke further efforts and attentions to explore the underlying mechanism of collective behaviors in coupled metapopulation systems.
Temperature dependence of the electrical properties of hydrogen titanate nanotubes
Authors: Alves Diego C. B. , Fonseca Fabio C. , Brandão Frederico D. , Krambrock Klaus , Ferlauto Andre S.
Published: November 2014

The temperature dependence of the electrical properties of hydrogen-rich titanate nanotubes (H-TNTs) in the 90–270 °C range was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. Three types of dominant conduction were found which depend on the previous thermal treatment of the samples. For untreated samples, at low temperatures (T < 100 °C), electrical conductivity is relatively high (>10−4 S/cm at T ≈ 90 °C) and is dominated by protonic transport within structural water molecules. For thermal annealing in inert atmosphere up to 150 °C, water molecules are released from the nanotube structure resulting in a dehydrated H2Ti3O7 phase. Such phase has a low, thermally-dependent, electrical conductivity (10−8 S/cm at T ≈ 90 °C) with activation energy of 0.68 eV. For samples annealed up to 260 °C, loss of OH groups, and consequent generation of oxygen vacancies, occurs that result in the non-stoichiometric H2(1−z)Ti3O7−z phase. This phase has much higher conductivity (10−5 S/cm at T ≈ 90 °C) and lower associated activation energy (0.40 eV). The generation of oxygen vacancies is confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements at room temperature, which revealed the presence of single-electron-trapped oxygen vacancies. The activation energy value found is consistent with the thermal ionization energy of the oxygen vacancies. Such defect formation represents the initial stage of the phase transformation from titanate to TiO2 (B). X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements also support such interpretation.
Large-amplitude thermal oscillations in defected, tilted nanocolumns
Authors: Hubartt Bradley C. , Amar Jacques G.
Published: November 2014

We consider the thermomechanical properties of highly defected, tilted copper nanocolumns grown via simulations of glancing angle deposition. The large defect density and compressive strain lead to ultra-low activation energies for plastic deformation via collective shear motion. As a result, the thermal oscillation amplitude is independent of temperature. This leads to a mechanism for large-amplitude thermally induced nanocolumn oscillation, in which the dynamics corresponds to a sequence of correlated activated events.
Giant magnetoresistance modulated by magnetic field in graphene p-n junction
Authors: Li Yuan , Jalil Mansoor B. A. , Zhou Guanghui
Published: November 2014

We investigate the tunneling transport across a graphene p-n junction under the influence of a perpendicular magnetic field (B field). We observe a sideway deflection of the transmission profile, which can be quantitatively explained by invoking the classical Lorentz force. By considering the trajectory of the Dirac fermions along their cyclotron orbits, we analytically derive the incident angles for transmission across the graphene junction under a B field, as well as the critical magnetic field for full suppression of tunneling across the junction. These analytical predictions are consistent with the numerical results obtained via the non-equilibrium Green's function method. A stronger B-field conductance modulation is obtained for a p-n as opposed to an n-n or p-p type graphene junction. The magnetic field also induces a forbidden region of almost zero transmission for electron energy close to the Dirac point, which can be utilized to achieve a giant magnetoresistance effect. Based on our analysis, we devise an optimal magneto-electrical transport modulation, which can potentially realize a giant magnetoresistance effect in graphene p-n junction systems.
Polariton condensation in a strain-compensated planar microcavity with InGaAs quantum wells
Authors: Cilibrizzi Pasquale , Askitopoulos Alexis , Silva Matteo , Bastiman Faebian , Clarke Edmund , Zajac Joanna M. , Langbein Wolfgang , Lagoudakis Pavlos G.
Published: November 2014

The investigation of intrinsic interactions in polariton condensates is currently limited by the photonic disorder of semiconductor microcavity structures. Here, we use a strain compensated planar GaAs/AlAs0.98P0.02 microcavity with embedded InGaAs quantum wells having a reduced cross-hatch disorder to overcome this issue. Using real and reciprocal space spectroscopic imaging under non-resonant optical excitation, we observe polariton condensation and a second threshold marking the onset of photon lasing, i.e., the transition from the strong to the weak-coupling regime. Condensation in a structure with suppressed photonic disorder is a necessary step towards the implementation of periodic lattices of interacting condensates, providing a platform for on chip quantum simulations.
Roles of V-shaped pits on the improvement of quantum efficiency in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes
Authors: Quan Zhijue , Wang Li , Zheng Changda , Liu Junlin , Jiang Fengyi
Published: November 2014

The roles of V-shaped pits on the improvement of quantum efficiency in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light-emitting diodes are investigated by numerical simulation. The simulation results show that V-shaped pits cannot only screen dislocations, but also play an important role on promoting hole injection into the MQWs. It is revealed that the injection of holes into the MQW via the sidewalls of the V-shaped pits is easier than via the flat region, due to the lower polarization charge densities in the sidewall structure with lower In concentration and {10–11}-oriented semi-polar facets.
Experimental evidence of α → β phase transformation in SiC quantum dots and their size-dependent luminescence
Authors: Guo Xiaoxiao , Dai Dejian , Fan Baolu , Fan Jiyang
Published: November 2014

Phase transformation can occur among different SiC polytypes under extreme conditions such as high pressure or temperature. It remains unknown whether phase transformation can occur under normal conditions. We demonstrate that the α → β phase transformation can occur at ambient temperature and pressure in nanoscale SiC. The microstructural characterization and light absorption and emission spectroscopy demonstrate the occurrence of this phase transformation. It is found that the quantum-confinement luminescence dominates in larger SiC quantum dots (QDs) and the surface-defect luminescence dominates in ultrasmall SiC QDs. The rare phenomenon of multiple-phonon-assisted light absorption is observed in the SiC QDs.
Time-resolved optical measurement of thermal transport by surface plasmon polaritons in thin metal stripes
Authors: Ganser A. , Benner D. , Waitz R. , Boneberg J. , Scheer E. , Leiderer P.
Published: November 2014

We investigate the thermal transport originating from the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a thin gold stripe. The SPPs are excited by a grating coupler on the Au stripe which was patterned onto a silicon membrane. The transmissivity changes of the Si membrane due to temperature-induced changes of the interference conditions enable measuring the temperature distribution with temporal and spatial resolution better than 1 μs and 1 μm. With this setup, we demonstrate that SPP excitation, propagation, and decay are accompanied by considerable heating and heat transport.
Healing of graphene on single crystalline Ni(111) films
Authors: Zeller Patrick , Speck Florian , Weinl Michael , Ostler Markus , Schreck Matthias , Seyller Thomas , Wintterlin Joost
Published: November 2014

The annealing of graphene layers grown on 150 nm thick single crystal Ni(111) films was investigated in situ by low energy electron microscopy and photoemission electron microscopy. After growth, by means of chemical vapor deposition of ethylene, the graphene layers consist of several domains showing different orientations with respect to the underlying Ni surface and also of small bilayer areas. It is shown that, in a controlled process, the rotated domains can be transformed into lattice-aligned graphene, and the bilayer areas can be selectively dissolved, so that exclusively the aligned monolayer graphene is obtained. The ordering mechanism involves transport of C atoms across the surface and solution in the bulk.
Grain size engineering for ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films by an insertion of Al2O3 interlayer
Authors: Kim Han Joon , Park Min Hyuk , Kim Yu Jin , Lee Young Hwan , Jeon Woojin , Gwon Taehong , Moon Taehwan , Kim Keum Do , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: November 2014

The degradation of ferroelectric (FE) properties of atomic layer deposited Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films with increasing thickness was mitigated by inserting 1 nm-thick Al2O3 interlayer at middle position of the thickness of the FE film. The large Pr of 10 μC/cm2, which is 11 times larger than that of single layer Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 film with equivalent thickness, was achieved from the films as thick as 40 nm. The Al2O3 interlayer could interrupt the continual growth of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films, and the resulting decrease of grain size prevented the formation of non-ferroelectric monoclinic phase. The Al2O3 interlayer also largely decreased the leakage current of the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films.
Exchange bias effect in Bi2Fe3AlO9 ceramics
Authors: Huang S. , Shi L. R. , Sun H. G. , Zhu C. M. , Tian Z. M. , Yuan S. L.
Published: November 2014

The exchange bias (EB) effect is observed in Bi2Fe3AlO9 polycrystalline ceramics. The EB field (HEB), vertical magnetization shift, and coercive field show a strong dependence on the cooling fields. When a larger applied field is used to measure the hysteresis loop, the EB effect is suppressed. The induced spin-glass-like phase via Al3+ doping is responsible for the EB effect below the spin-glass temperature (TSG) of ∼25 K. Moreover, the HEB varies nonmonotonically with temperature above TSG, which is interpreted using a random field model with the exchange coupling between ferromagnetic clusters and an antiferromagnetic phase.
Going for broke. From desire for illusion and the illusion of desire / De perdidos, al río. Del deseo a la ilusión y la ilusión del deseo
Authors: de Miguel Jesús M. , Martín Noemy
Published: November 2014

The illusion of control refers to an excessively high expectation of success considering the likelihood of it actually happening. This expectation seems to be modulated by idiosyncratic variables, such as the desire for control. This study aims first to provide evidence regarding the validity of the Spanish Desire for Control Scale and secondly to study the ‘going for broke’ phenomenon. Participants included 92 university students from different colleges, 59 females and 33 males. The results first show that there is enough evidence to validate the Spanish version of the scale and to support its application. Secondly they show that in cases where there is a perception of having nothing left to lose, people risk everything they have, causing a reversal in the outcome pattern in a normal situation.
Quantifying the Uncertainty of a Juvenile Chinook Salmon Race Identification Method for a Mixed-Race Stock
Authors: Harvey Brett N. , Jacobson David P. , Banks Michael A.
Published: November 2014

AbstractExpected daily FL ranges (length at date) of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have been used throughout California's Central Valley to identify federally listed winter-run and spring-run juveniles in a mixed four-race stock. Accurate race identification is critical both to species recovery and to management of the water supply for 25 million people and a multibillion-dollar agricultural industry. We used genetic race assignment of 11,609 juveniles sampled over 6 years to characterize the accuracy of the length-at-date approach, specifically by testing two of its central assumptions: (1) juvenile FL distributions do not overlap between races on a daily basis; and (2) the growth rates that are used to project FL at date are accurate. We found that 49% of FLs for genetically identified juveniles occurred outside the expected length-at-date ranges for their respective races, and we observed a high degree of overlap in FL ranges among the four races. In addition, empirical growth rates were well below those from which length-at-date criteria were derived. Given the high degree of FL overlap between races, we conclude that modification of the length-at-date method will not substantially reduce identification error. Thus, we recommend that genetic assignment be used at least as a supplemental approach to improve Central Valley Chinook Salmon race identification, research, and management.

Received January 7, 2014; accepted July 22, 2014
Age-related decline in the reflexive component of overt gaze following
Authors: Kuhn Gustav , Pagano Amber , Maani Sumaya , Bunce David
Published: November 2014

Previous research has found age-related declines in social perception tasks as well as the ability to engage in joint attention and orienting covert attention (i.e., absence of eye movements) in response to an eye gaze cue. We used an overt gaze following task to explore age differences in overt gaze following whilst people searched for a target. Participants were faster to detect targets appearing at the looked-at location, and although the gaze cue biased the direction in which saccades were executed, no age differences were found in overt gaze following. There were, however, age effects relating to involuntary eye movements. In the younger adults, anticipatory saccades were biased in the direction of the gaze cue, but this bias was not observed in the older group. Moreover, in the younger adults, saccades that followed the gaze were initiated more rapidly, illustrating the reflexive nature of gaze following. No such difference was observed in the older adults. Importantly, our results showed that whilst the general levels of gaze following were age invariant, there were age-related differences in the reflexive components of overt gaze following.
BALDEY: A database of auditory lexical decisions
Authors: Ernestus Mirjam , Cutler Anne
Published: November 2014

In an auditory lexical decision experiment, 5541 spoken content words and pseudowords were presented to 20 native speakers of Dutch. The words vary in phonological make-up and in number of syllables and stress pattern, and are further representative of the native Dutch vocabulary in that most are morphologically complex, comprising two stems or one stem plus derivational and inflectional suffixes, with inflections representing both regular and irregular paradigms; the pseudowords were matched in these respects to the real words. The BALDEY (“biggest auditory lexical decision experiment yet”) data file includes response times and accuracy rates, with for each item morphological information plus phonological and acoustic information derived from automatic phonemic segmentation of the stimuli. Two initial analyses illustrate how this data set can be used. First, we discuss several measures of the point at which a word has no further neighbours and compare the degree to which each measure predicts our lexical decision response outcomes. Second, we investigate how well four different measures of frequency of occurrence (from written corpora, spoken corpora, subtitles, and frequency ratings by 75 participants) predict the same outcomes. These analyses motivate general conclusions about the auditory lexical decision task. The (publicly available) BALDEY database lends itself to many further analyses.
An Examination of Management Strategiesand Attitudes Among Probation Officers
Authors: Andretta James R. , Odom Terri , Barksdale Fannie , Barnes Michael E. , Ramirez Aaron M. , Woodland Malcolm H.
Published: November 2014

The authors examined management strategy profiles in probationofficers (POs; N¼57; African American¼96%; male¼53%)using Probation Practices Assessment Survey scores. Results of acluster analysis yielded three profiles: compliance, therapeutic,and intensive. POs with a compliance profile were characterizedby high frequency of deterrence and confrontation strategies andless frequent use of behavioral, counseling, and restorative strate-gies when compared to colleagues. Therapeutic POs reported touse deterrence and confrontation strategies infrequently. At thesame time, therapeutic POs reported to use behavioral and counsel-ing tactics, and to a lesser degree restorative approaches, on aslightly above average basis. The intensive profile was marked bythe frequent use of all different types of probation approaches.Results also showed that management profiles were indicative ofattitudes toward punitiveness, mental health rehabilitation, andresponse to probation in juveniles.
In Memorium: Julia R. Hislop
Authors: Vaughan-Eden Viola
Published: November 2014

It is with much sadness, I report the passing of our colleague and my dear friend, Dr. Julia Hislop. After a long illness with breast cancer, Julia died at the age of 52 on October 11, 2014 in Norfolk, VA. In support of the Journal of Forensic Social Work, Julia was initially a reviewer and then served on the editorial board from 2012 to 2014. Julia received a BA in Psychology from the University of Michigan, a Master’s degree from California State University, and a PhD from the California School of Professional Psychology. Throughout her career as a licensed clinical psychologist, her primary focus was on children and adolescents, most recently working with the Richmond Department of Juvenile Justice and the Norfolk Department of Social Services. Julia previously worked as an adjunct faculty at St. Leo’s and Old Dominion Universities, as well as a forensic evaluator in children’s advocacy and residential centers. As a forensic psychologist, Julia was a nationally recognized authority on female sex offenders. In addition to authoring a variety of books, book chapters, and professional papers, she was featured on Larry King Live, CNN, and CBS as an expert on the subject. For all her professional accomplishments, Julia will be missed most for her generous heart and wicked sense of humor, which she kept even in her last days.
Optimizing Hospital Infection Control: The Role of Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Doan Tan N. , Kong David C. M. , Kirkpatrick Carl M. J. , McBryde Emma S.
Published: November 2014

Multidrug-resistant bacteria are major causes of nosocomial infections and are associated with considerable morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Preventive strategies have therefore become increasingly important. Mathematical modeling has been widely used to understand the transmission dynamics of nosocomial infections and the quantitative effects of infection control measures. This review will explore the principles of mathematical modeling used in nosocomial infections and discuss the effectiveness of infection control measures investigated using mathematical modeling.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1521–1530