bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new aza crown macrocycles and lariat ethers
Authors: Ebrahimi Sattar , Moghanian Hassan
Published: March 2012

Aza crown macrocycles 3a,b were synthesized in good yield by condensation reaction of 1,3- and 1,4-bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)alkanes 1a,b with bis-aldehydes 2a,b. Reactions of 3a,b with methyl or benzyl iodide furnished the target lariat ethers 4a–d.
Coefficients in Powers of the Log Series
Authors: Davis Donald M.
Published: March 2012

We determine the
On a Combinatorial Conjecture
Authors: Cusick Thomas W. , Li Yuan , Stănică Pantelimon
Published: March 2012

Recently, Tu and Deng proposed a combinatorial conjecture about binary strings, and, on the assumption that the conjecture is correct, they obtained two classes of Boolean functions which are both algebraic immunity optimal, the first of which are also bent functions. The second class gives balanced functions, which have optimal algebraic degree and the best nonlinearity known up to now. In this paper, by using three different approaches, we prove the conjecture for many cases. We also propose some problems about the weight equations which are related to this conjecture. Because of the scattered distribution, we predict that an exact count is difficult to obtain, in general.
A Correlation Identity for Stern's Sequence
Authors: Coons Michael
Published: March 2012

The

It seems that this is the first correlation-type identity concerning Stern's sequence in the literature.
Primitive Prime Divisors in Zero Orbits of Polynomials
Authors: Doerksen Kevin , Haensch Anna
Published: March 2012

Let
On Weakly Complete Sequences Formed by the Greedy Algorithm
Authors: Knapp Michael P. , Paul Michael D.
Published: March 2012

In this article, we consider increasing sequences of positive integers defined in the following manner. Let the initial terms
A -Expansion Associated to Sturmian Sequences
Authors: Nakano Fumihiko , Sadahiro Taizo
Published: March 2012

We consider a
A Probabilistic Look at Series Involving Euler's Totient Function
Authors: Chen Yung-Pin
Published: March 2012

We use a probabilistic method to evaluate the limit of
An Explicit Bound for Aliquot Cycles of Repdigits
Authors: Broughan Kevin A.
Published: March 2012

We find an explicit bound, in terms of
Zero excess and minimal length in finite Coxeter groups
Authors: Hart Sarah B. , Rowley Peter J.
Published: March 2012

Let

When
Rational defect groups and 2-rational characters, II
Authors: Gluck David
Published: March 2012

Let
Abelian by cyclic groups resulting in Moufang loops
Authors: Gagola Stephen M.
Published: March 2012

In 1999 Orin Chein and Andrew Rajah [Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 41: 237–244, 2000] presented the following question. If a Moufang loop
Localization of nilpotent R-powered groups
Authors: Majewicz Stephen , Zyman Marcos
Published: March 2012

In this paper, we generalize portions of the theory of localization to the category of nilpotent
Protagoras vs. Euathlos
Authors: Henke Christoph Conrad
Published: March 2012

Seit über 2000 Jahren diskutieren Philosophen und Juristen über den wohl eher hypothetischen Sachverhalt eines gerichtlichen Prozesses zwischen Protagoras und Euathlos. Die
nachfolgenden Überlegungen führen in diese Diskussion ein und erörtern einen juristischen Lösungsweg.
Examensklausur Schwerpunktbereich Arbeit und Soziales Fortgeltung von Tarifnormen nach Betriebsübergang, Schadensersatz und Entschädigung wegen Diskriminierung
Authors: Jacobs Matthias , Jacobs Matthias
Published: March 2012

Der nachstehende Fall wurde als fünfstündige Examensklausur für den Schwerpunktbereich Arbeit, Wirtschaft und Soziales an der Bucerius Law School (Hamburg) im Wintertrimester 2010 gestellt. Der erste Teil problematisiert unter anderem die vom BAG jüngst »neu interpretierte« Transformation von Tarifnormen im Zuge eines Betriebsübergangs sowie die Zulässigkeit der sog. Überkreuzablösung durch eine Betriebsvereinbarung im Erwerberbetrieb. Der zweite Teil behandelt die Ansprüche auf Schadensersatz und Entschädigung nach § 15 AGG.
Die Behandlung von Kosten der ersten »beruflichen« Ausbildung im Steuerrecht
Authors: Greil Stefan
Published: March 2012

Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung stellt die fortwährende Diskussion um die steuerliche Behandlung der Kosten der Aus- und Weiterbildung, insbesondere der »beruflichen« Erstausbildung, in den Vordergrund. Anschaulich aufgezeigt werden vor allem die derzeitige Gesetzeslage und die zu diesem Themenbereich ergangene (aktuelle) Rechtsprechung.
Übungsklausur ÖR Nomen est omen
Authors: Horn Robert
Published: March 2012

Die Klausur auf Examensniveau hat schwerpunktmäßig den
vorläufigen Rechtsschutz im Verwaltungsgerichtsprozess
zum Gegenstand. Sie verbindet gängige Prüfungsmaterien
des vorläufigen Rechtsschutzes mit dem Sonderproblem
des faktischen Vollzugs. Daneben gibt die Klausur in Teil B
Gelegenheit zur eigenständigen juristischen Argumentation
auch in dem nicht alltäglichen Rechtsgebiet des NÄG. Hierbei
sollten die Bearbeiter den zivilrechtlichen Bezug zu § 1618
S. 4 BGB in die Argumente mit einbeziehen.
Der gute Glaube an die Gesellschafterstellung nach § 899 a BGB
Authors: Schmidt Damian
Published: March 2012

Nach Anerkennung der Rechtsfähigkeit der Außen-GbR im
Jahre 2001 hat sich der BGH in einem Beschluss aus dem
Jahre 2008 auch für die bis dahin umstrittene sog. Grundbuchfähigkeit
der GbR ausgesprochen. Diese Entscheidung
wurde in der Literatur zum Teil heftig kritisiert und als »großes
Unglück«, »praktisch untauglich und »Schlamassel« bezeichnet. Der Gesetzgeber hat auf den Beschluss reagiert und mit § 899 a BGB eine Gutglaubensvorschrift geschaffen,
die denjenigen schützen soll, der von einer im Grundbuch eingetragenen GbR erwirbt. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich mit dem umstrittenen Anwendungsbereich der Norm anhand
von zwei Beispielsfällen auseinander. Da § 899 a BGB nun nicht mehr ganz so neu ist, entsprechende Fälle leicht zu bilden sind und sich die Problemstellungen eignen, argumentative Fähigkeiten zu zeigen, liegt es nahe, dass die Justizprüfungsämter Problematiken aus diesem Bereich in Examensklausuren »einbauen« werden.
Die strafprozessuale Regelung von Zeugnis- und Auskunftsverweigerungsrecht
Authors: Bosch Nikolaus
Published: March 2012

Die Frage nach den Voraussetzungen der Verwertbarkeit von
Aussagen zeugnis- oder auskunftsverweigerungsberechtigter
Personen gehrt sicherlich zu den Problemkreisen, die in
Examensklausuren am hufigsten abgefragt werden. Eine
fundierte Kenntnis der Anwendungsvoraussetzungen, aber
auch der Abgrenzung der unterschiedlichen Weigerungsrechte
und der Rechtsfolgen ihrer Verletzung sollte damit zum
unverzichtbaren Rstzeug eines jeden Examenskandidaten
gehren. Der folgende Beitrag will hierzu eine Hilfestellung
bieten.
Schwerpunktbereich Handels- und Gesellschaftsrecht Alleingang beim Beteiligungserwerb
Authors: Schwarz Sebastian
Published: March 2012

Der folgende Fall wurde im Wintersemester 2010/2011 im Klausurenkurs des Masterstudiengangs Unternehmens- und Steuerrecht an der Universität Potsdam als Hauptteil
einer 5-stündigen Klausur gestellt. Angelehnt an den aktuell die Rechtsprechung beschäftigenden Fall der Übernahme der Dresdner Bank durch die Commerzbank behandelt die Klausur v. a. die Frage nach dem Bestehen einer Hauptversammlungskompetenz im Falle eines Beteiligungserwerbs nach den Vorschriften des AktG, des UmwG sowie als ungeschriebene Kompetenz i. S. d. Holzmüller- und Gelatineentscheidungen des BGH. Außerdem werden die Rechtsfolgen der Missachtung ungeschriebener Hauptversammlungskompetenzen sowie die Anfechtbarkeit von Entlastungsbeschlüssen behandelt.
Die Agenturen der Europäischen Union
Authors: Görisch Christoph
Published: March 2012

Auerhalb der Europäischen Kommission wurde im Laufe
der Zeit ein umfangreicher Verwaltungsapparat der Union in
Gestalt von rechtlich verselbständigten Agenturen errichtet.
Die unterschiedlichsten Sach- bzw. Politikbereiche, wie öffentliche
Sicherheit, Kriminalitätsbekämpfung, Wirtschaftsregulierung,
Gesundheits- und Verbraucherschutz, werden davon erfasst. In den Gründungsverträgen sind aber nur wenige Unionsagenturen (z. B. Europol) ausdrücklich erwähnt.
Der Beitrag geht den daran anknüpfenden Fragen nach der Zulässigkeit der Agenturschaffung und den rechtlichen Anforderungen an das Agenturhandeln nach.
Communicating new perspectives through Nanotechnology Reviews
Authors: Kumar Challa
Published: March 2012

No abstract available
Use of Dental Xeroradiographs in Periodontics: Comparison With Conventional Radiographs
Authors: Gratt Barton M. , Sickles Edward A. , Armitage Gary C.
Published: March 2012

An experimental intraoral dental xeroradiographic system was evaluated for its ability to image structures important in periodontal radiographic interpretation. On consenting dental patients, similar x‐ray projections were made on (1) conventional film radiographs and (2) experimental dental xeroradiographs. The resultant images were compared visually. In all categories examined the information provided by xeroradiography was either equal to or greater than that provided by conventional film radiographs. Intraoral dental xeroradiography appears to be a highly accurate, low‐radiation, rapid, and convenient alternative to conventional intraoral radiography.
Immunoglobulins in Periodontal Tissues: III. Concentrations of Immunoglobulins in Dilantin‐Induced and Idiopathic Gingival Hyperplastic Tissues
Authors: Setterstrom Jean A. , Gross Arthur , D'Alessandro Sandra M. , Godat Ronald F.
Published: March 2012

Immunoglobulin levels in both Dilantin‐induced and idiopathic hyperplastic gingiva were determined and compared with the concentrations in normal gingival tissue. A statistically significant increase in IgG was found in Dilantin hyperplastic tissue, but no significant difference could be shown for idiopathic gingival hyperplasia. IgA levels did not differ significantly in the three types of tissue assayed. IgM was detected in 90% of the Dilantin hyperplastic gingival specimens assayed (mean GI = 1.2) and in 75% of the idiopathic hyperplastic tissue (mean GI = 0.7). This incidence of IgM detection was higher than that reported for normal and inflamed gingiva from periodontitis patients. The significance of these findings and possible correlation with the degree of tissue inflammation are discussed.
Humoral Immunologic Responses in Idiopathic Juvenile Periodontitis (Periodontosis),
Authors: Nisengard R. J. , Newman M. N. , Myers D. , Horikoshi A.
Published: March 2012

Humoral responses were examined in idiopathic juvenile periodontitis (IJP) including antibody titers to representative strains of the five groups of periodontosis‐associated bacteria. Titers as determined by indirect immunofluorescence were compared in IJP, non‐IJP family members, periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. Serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were also assayed. Antibody titers to the periodontosis‐associated bacteria were generally low. Some disease specificity was observed in that titers to Groups II and III bacteria were highest in IJP. These titers in IJP were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in the other subjects. Titers to Group I bacteria were similar in all periodontal groups except the periodontally healthy subjects where titers were the lowest. Titers to Group I bacteria were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in the periodontally healthy subjects. Titers to Groups IV and V were uniformly low in all periodontal groups.

Immunoglobulin concentrations of IgA, IgM and IGE were similar in IJP and non‐IJP. The IgG concentrations in IJP, while within the normal range were significantly higher in IJP compared to non‐IJP family members.
Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Freeze‐Dried Skin Allografts in Humans
Authors: Gher Marlin E. , Williams John E. , Vernino Arthur R. , Strong Douglas M. , Pelleu George B.
Published: March 2012

A study was undertaken to evaluate the antigenic potential of allogeneic freeze‐dried skin (FDS) when used as a grafting material and to examine the clinical results when FDS is used for the correction of mucogingival problems in humans. FDS was obtained from an HLAtissue‐type donor according to Navy Tissue Bank protocol. Allogeneic FDS grafts were performed to correct mucogingival problems. In addition, periosteal fenestration was used in conjunction with approximately one‐half of the grafts. Documentation with a standardized periodontal probe consisted of clinical measurements taken preoperatively and 8 weeks postoperatively. Blood samples were drawn prior to and at 1,2,3,5, and 8 weeks postsurgically. Testing of blood samples for anti‐HLA antibody was performed by use of a modified microcytotoxicity assay. Thirty‐one patients received 36 FDS grafts involving 148 tooth sites. The FDS allografts resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the width of attached‐type tissue (mean gain = 3.80 mm). Clinically, there was no sign of graft rejection, and serologically, all serum samples tested were negative for the presence of anti‐HLA antibody. FDS grafts used for the treatment of mucogingival problems in humans are nonimmunogenic as evaluated for anti‐HLA antibody. The surgical procedure performed using FDS as a graft material resulted in a significant increase in the width of attached‐type tissue.
Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Paghdiwala Abid F.
Published: March 2012

A case of Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome is presented. Hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles along with precocious destruction of the periodontal support of both the primary and permanent dentitions were observed. Ectopic intra‐cranial calcified deposits, seen in some cases of the syndrome, were absent in this case. A greater awareness of this condition among dentists and dermatologists would be helpful in identifying more cases for study.
Alveolar Bone Destruction Due to Overhanging Amalgam in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Jeffcoat M. K. , Howell T. H.
Published: March 2012

Interproximal bone loss around 100 teeth with overhanging amalgam restorations was measured and compared to interproximal bone loss around 100 contralateral teeth without overhanging amalgams. The latter served as controls. Overall, bone loss was found greater around teeth with overhangs (P < 0.01). This finding was true for all periodontal disease types. However, the more severe the periodontal disease the greater the role of the overhang appeared. Small overhangs, unlike medium and large overhangs, did not result in increased alveolar bone loss around the affected tooth.
Hydrogen Sulfide Production From Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Authors: Solis‐Gaffar M. C. , Rustogi K. N. , Gaffar A.
Published: March 2012

A method was developed and evaluated in a pilot study to determine a relationship between gingival health, crevicular fluid flow and the production of H2S from the crevicular fluid. A moderate degree of correlation was observed between the crevicular fluid volume and the gingival index. A stronger correlation was obtained between the crevicular fluid volume and H2S production by the crevicular fluid. The method described could prove useful in evaluating gingival health and disease objectively and for monitoring the activity of periodontitis.
Evaluation of an Oral Disease Control Program Administered to a Clinic Population at a Suburban Dental School
Authors: McGuire Michael K. , Sydney Sheldon B. , Zink Fulton J. , Weber Margaret B. , Fritz Michael E.
Published: March 2012

This study included 99 patients. Seventy‐four of these participated in the Oral Disease Control program at Emory University School of Dentistry and 25 control patients did not. Those who completed the Oral Disease Control program were examined and scored from 2 to 24 months afterward. The Patient Hygiene Performance Scoring was used. It was found that there was no significant difference in levels of plaque between subjects who completed the Oral Disease Program and those who did not participate. Also, the patient's knowledge of the causes of dental caries and gingival disease bore no significant relationship to the amount of plaque present. Further, certain selected hygiene habits had no significant effect on plaque level. The patients studied were enthusiastic about the control program and developed an increased awareness of oral disease control. However, this study confirms others that demonstrate the need for repeated professional reinforcement in any effective oral disease control program.
The Effect of Different Plaque Control Modalities on the Keratinizing Potential of the Sulcular Epithelium in Monkeys
Authors: Bye Fred L. , Caffesse Raul G. , Nasjleti Carlos E.
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine if various plaque control regimes would be effective in permitting the gingival sulcular epithelium to keratinize. Three adult Rhesus monkeys had their teeth scaled and were placed on specific plaque control regimes including various combinations of prophylaxes, topical Chlorhexidine and systemic tetracycline. Over the 2‐month experimental period, weekly Plaque and Gingival Indices were determined. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained during the first 2 treatment weeks and at the end of the 1st month. Block sections of individual teeth from the different experimental regimes were serially sectioned to be evaluated histologically for inflammation and keratinization. Plaque and Gingival Indices were significantly reduced by the end of the 8th week compared to the pretreatment levels for all experimental regimes, except that the regime consisting only of three prophylaxes per week failed to reduce the Gingival Index significantly. Rubber cup prophylaxes were less effective in reducing plaque and inflammation than when the prophylaxes were combined with topical Chlorhexidine application or systemic tetracycline administration. However, all experimental regimes were capable of reducing the subgingival bacterial flora to a level permitting sufficient reduction in gingival inflammation so that sulcular keratinization would occur. Some degree of sulcular keratinization was observed for every tooth of all experimental regimes. All regimes caused a significant decrease in the Inflammatory Indices relative to the control values. A negative correlation was found between the Crestal Inflammatory Index and the Keratin Width and Keratin Length, while a positive correlation was apparent between the Keratin Width and Keratin Length.
Dental Flossing and Its Relationship to Transient Bacteremia
Authors: Carroll Gilbert C. , Sebor Raymond J.
Published: March 2012

This study was designed to determine the role of dental flossing in producing transient bacteremias. An improved protocol that provides for repeated samplings of blood was developed. Four patients had 32 blood cultures taken (16 before flossing and 16 after). Two of the patients had no periodontal disease and two had only marginal gingivitis. The results showed that the patients who flossed daily developed no bacteremias but that patients who delayed flossing from 1 to 4 days developed bacteremias 86% of the time. It is important that patients who have a history of rheumatic fever and those who have internal prosthetic devices be cautioned regarding sporadic flossing. While gingival bleeding was not significantly related to bacteremias in this study, further investigation is needed to ascertain how flossing in various types of periodontal disease relates to bacteremias.
In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Periodontally Diseased Root Surfaces
Authors: Adelson Lance J. , Hanks Carl T. , Ramfjord Sigurd P. , Caffesse Raul G.
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this experiment was to develop a model system for controlled in vitro testing of root surface toxicity. Human gingival fibroblasts were placed into a depression created in the root surfaces of ten heat sterilized periodontally involved teeth, one half of which were root planed to remove all irritants. The teeth and fibroblasts were incubated in culture medium for 5 days, after which the cells were fixed and stained. Each tooth was examined for migration of cells onto the root planed and non‐root planed areas of the tooth, and for evidence of any cytotoxic reaction. No difference in pattern of cell growth, cell migration, or cytotoxic reaction was discernible between root planed and non‐root planed areas. Normal fibroblasts could be detected on the surfaces of dentin, calculus, periodontally involved cementum, and enamel. It appears that heat‐sterilized periodontally‐involved root surfaces, as well as calculus and calculus‐laden enamel, were not toxic to human gingival fibroblasts in cell culture.
Evidence for Hydroxyacyl‐Ceramides and Hydroxyacyl‐Cerebrosides in Female Rhesus Monkey Gingiva
Authors: Wood Nelson , Rabinowitz Joseph L. , Bremer Eric G. , Fillios Louis C.
Published: March 2012

Materials believed to be hydroxyacyl‐ceramides (HO‐Cer) and hydroxyacyl‐cerebrosides (HO‐Ceb) have been analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from the glycolipid components of six female rhesus monkey gingivae. These recovered materials show indentical behavior by (HPLC) with authentic standards.
Salivary Antibodies in Acute Gingivitis
Authors: Harding Jon , Berry W. C. , Marsh Connell , Jolliff Carl R.
Published: March 2012

This investigation was designed to gain information on the relative levels of salivary immunoglobulins in patients with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis as compared to patients with clinically healthy gingival tissue. Relative levels of salivary immunoglobulins in diseased and healthy patients were measured and standard antisera to human immunoglobulins were used to detect any host antibody production in both parotid fluid and whole saliva. Salivary samples were analyzed for five classes of immunoglobulins: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgAsec, and IgE. Healthy individuals showed no detectable concentration of IgM or IgE in whole saliva or parotid fluid. IgG, IgA, and IgAsec were present in all samples. Individuals with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis demonstrated no detectable concentration of IgM in whole saliva or parotid fluid, IgE in normal individuals was not detectable; therefore, it was not included in the acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis analysis. There was a decrease in parotid fluid concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgAsec. Whole saliva showed a decreased concentration of IgG and IgA. The IgAsec concentration was increased in whole saliva. At the 5% level of significance, the “Students” t test illustrates that in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis patients IgG, IgA and IgAsec concentrations in parotid fluid demonstrate a significant difference in relative concentrations as compared to the normal individuals. Whole saliva IgA and IgAsec concentrations were significantly different. Whole saliva IgG concentrations were not significantly different at this level. The Chi‐square test at the 5% level of significance illustrates the same order of significance as in “Student” t test, for the relative frequency of salivary immunoglobulins in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis patients as compared to normal individuals. The decreased salivary immunoglobulin concentration observed in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis patients, as compared to normal individuals, suggests that an immune defect—hypogammaglobulinemia—may be the primary factor in the etiology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. The increased whole saliva IgAsec concentration illustrated in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis patients, as compared to normal individuals, suggests that “pathotopic potentiation” may be responsible for such an increase.
Root Surface—Soft Tissue Interface: Part I: A Review
Authors: Daryabegi Parvix , Pameijer Cornelis H. , Ruben Morris P. , Ricchetti Paul A.
Published: March 2012

A review of the literature is presented with regards to the soft tissue‐root surface interface. The basic biological aspects are discussed followed by reports on healing after periodontal surgery. The effect of citric acid, to enhance new attachment, is reviewed in detail. Articles reporting on clinical findings, ultrastructural observation (TEM and SEM), and light microscopic studies have been selected to present the reader with a logical overview of what has been reported in the literature.
Granulomatous Gingivitis in Anderson‐Fabry Disease
Authors: Young William G. , Pihlstrom Bruce L. , Sauk John J.
Published: March 2012

The patient is suffering from Anderson‐Fabry disease. This was documented by family history, clinical findings, histochemical and electronmicroscopic demonstration of ceramide in the blood vessels, and enzyme studies. The patient, at age 17, developed a unique gingival enlargement, gingivitis granulomatosa, a cobbled tongue, glossitis granulomatosa, and a lip enlargement, Cheilitis granulomatosa. This was not found in other members of the family. The clinical, histological, and electronmicroscopic findings were analogous to Melkersson‐Rosenthal syndrome. The patient did not have sarcoidosis or other specific granulomatous diseases. These were ruled out by skin examination, chest films, histology, and skin sensitivity testing, nor did he have Dilantin associated gingival enlargement. The patient had only taken the drug for a brief period at age 11 when he had a generalized granulomatous lymphadenopathy which was not categorized with certainty. This could have been secondary to Anderson‐Fabry disease aggravated by a minor infection, an idiosyncratic reaction to Dilantin, or the lymph node equivalent of the granulomatous response that later affected the gingiva. Although the gingival enlargement appeared to be a manifestation of an unusual syndrome, local therapy in the form of oral hygiene instruction, dental prophylaxis, gingivectomy, and regular maintenance therapy was successful in treatment and prevention of recurrence.
Treatment of Localized Gingival Recessions: Part IV. Results After Three Years
Authors: Caffesse Raul G. , Guinard Emilio A.
Published: March 2012

Twenty‐six localized gingival recessions treated with either a lateral sliding flap or a coronally repositioned flap procedure more than 3 years ago were reevaluated. Biometric measurements on the recipient and the donor or control teeth included: a) cementoenamel junction, gingival margin; b) sulcus depth; c) gingival margin, mucogingival line. These recordings were statistically compared to those taken 180 days after the surgical procedures were performed. Pairwise t tests were used to determine whether there were any changes between the 180 days and the 3 years postoperative control with either procedure. A two sample t test was run to see whether the changes obtained with the two procedures differed from each other. No significant changes were found. The values for gingival recession, sulcus depth and width of keratinized gingiva remained stable for both techniques throughout the observation period.
The Effects of Periodontal Therapy on the Mast Cell Population in Gingival Tissues
Authors: Aeschlimann C. R. , Kaminski E. J. , Robinson P. J.
Published: March 2012

The histologic condition of the gingival tissues was determined prior to and 4 weeks after scaling and curettage, then 4 months after periodontal osseous surgery in a group of eight patients with chronic periodontitis. The histopathologic changes were correlated with variations in mast cell population following the different modes of periodontal therapy.
Clinical and Laboratory Studies on Human Sclera Allografts
Authors: Iacono Vincent J. , Gomes Blasco C. , Sciubba James J. , Davis Robert K. , Klingsberg Jules , Baer Paul N.
Published: March 2012

In the first section of this two‐part report human peripheral blood leukocytes were tested for reactivity to extracts of sclera. Absence of scleral antigenicity is suggested by the results which showed that the leukocytes reacted similarly in sclera stimulated cultures and in the controls. The second part of the report discusses the clinical aspects of sclera allografts and provides guidelines for their clinical use. A case is presented where a sclera graft was in position for approximately a year. The tooth was removed with the attached graft and a histologic study made.
The Use of a New Topical Hemostatic Agent,
Authors: Wirthlin M. R. , Vernino A. R. , Hancock E. B.
Published: March 2012

Microfibrillar collagen hemostat (MCH) is described in clinical use as a topical hemostatic agent for control of bleeding at the donor site of the free gingival graft procedures. On the basis of clinical trials, it is an excellent adjunct to periodontal surgical procedures.
Relationship of Occlusion and Periodontal Disease: Part XI. Relation of Axial Inclination (Mesial‐Distal) and Tooth Drift to Periodontal Status
Authors: Geiger Arnold M. , Wasserman Bernard H.
Published: March 2012

Common among the sequellae of tooth loss is drifting and inclination of adjacent teeth toward the edentulous space. The resultant changes in proximal contact relationships, the deepened gingival sulci and abnormal angulation of occlusal forces have been implicated as etiologic factors in periodontal disease. The relationship of abnormal tooth inclination and drift to periodontal pathology was studied in a clinic population whose periodontal status had been carefully characterized using a Tissue Destruction Index, an inflammation index and mobility scores. The distribution of both inclination and drift was bilaterally symmetrical in the study population. For all teeth in the study population, periodontal parameters ranked by incidence, showed a positive association with mesial inclination and drift, and a negative one with distal inclination. These relationships, however, cannot be deemed as either causal or protective. In the dentitions of younger individuals, the incidence and severity of tooth inclination and drift occur rapidly after tooth loss with only very slight changes thereafter. Also, older dentitions may not be as susceptible to abnormal tooth inclination and drift after tooth loss. For the selected teeth, periodontal status by tooth and surface was compared for those abnormally inclined and drifted with normally positioned teeth. The only consistent correlation with periodontal destruction was found in mesially inclined molars where the destruction was 10% greater than that found in normally aligned teeth. Gingival inflammation was not influenced by either abnormal tooth inclination or drift. Mesial inclination also predisposed to a slightly increased incidence of tooth mobility while distal inclination had no such affect.
The Healing of Gingival Wounds in Miniature Swine,,
Authors: Wirthlin M. R. , Yeager J. E. , Hancock E. B. , Gaugler R. W.
Published: March 2012

Standard wounds of simple incision and partial excision of the dentogingival junction were made in miniature swine. The healing from the 1st to the 14th day were described clinically and histologically, and the standardization of the wounds permitted quantitative and statistical analysis. In wounds that are closely adapted to the tooth, the epithelium of the new dentogingival junction contributes primarily to early wound strength recovery. This functional achievement probably would not occur with thick clots or hematomas, or with any displacement of the gingiva away from the tooth.
Tetracycline: A Clinical Study to Determine its Effectiveness as Long‐Term Adjuvant
Authors: Scopp Irwin Walter , Froum Stuart J. , Sullivan Michael , Kazandjian Gregory , Wank David , Fine Albert
Published: March 2012

A random double blind crossover study of patients on the effects of tetracycline therapy over a 3‐month period revealed that there were no significant differences between the placebo group and tetracycltne‐treated groups in relation to (1) Gingival Index, (2) Debris Index and (3) Papillary Bleeding. A marked improvement in the Gingival Index occurred after 3 months of treatment in each group resulting from curettage and home care. Papillary bleeding was significantly reduced after 3 months of treatment in the tetracycline group and similar trends were observed in the placebo group. The Debris Index in both experimental and placebo groups showed no significant change after treatment for 3 months. The data suggest that tetracycline therapy does not appreciably alter either the Gingival Index, Debris Index, or the Papillary Bleeding Index over a 3‐month period.
The Effect of Levamisole on Experimental Gingivitis in the Beagle Dog
Authors: Bratthall Gunilla , Magnusson Ingvar , Lindhe Jan
Published: March 2012

The effect of Levamisole on gingivitis development was studied in three beagle dogs. Plaque accumulation was first allowed on one side of the jaws whereas the other side was subjected to careful tooth cleaning procedures. After 2 weeks' experimental gingivitis the dogs were given Levamisole and plaque accumulation was permitted on the other side of the jaws for another two weeks. The following parameters were investigated in the two gingivitis experiments: Plaque and Gingival Indices, Gingival Exudate measurements and histologic measurements. The biopsies were prepared both for light and electron microscopy. The clinical parameters did not show any differences between the two gingivitis experiments. The biopsies, however, demonstrated a larger area of infiltrated connective tissue and an increased number of leukocytes in the junctional epithelium in Levamisole‐treated compared to normal animals.
Salivary Composition and Calculus Formation in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Epstein Stuart R. , Mandel Irwin , Scopp Irwin W.
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this report is to provide further information regarding oral changes in patients with chronic renal disease who are undergoing hemodialysis. Quantitative changes in salivary flow rate and alterations in the composition of stimulated and unstimulated saliva were studied along with the rate of formation of supragingival calculus. Results revealed a lower salivary flow rate and increased salivary urea concentration in the dialysis group. Dialysis patients also formed more heavy calculus.
The Effect of Strontium Chloride Upon Alveolar Bone
Authors: Ferraro Eugene F. , Glass Richard T.
Published: March 2012

Strontium chloride absorbed on absorbable gelatin sponge, U. S. P. appears to stimulate the formation of bone in the maxilla of Sprague Dawley rats.
A Longitudinal Study of Peridontal Status Comparing Osseous Recontouring With Flap Curettage: I. Results After 6 Months
Authors: Smith Dennis H. , Ammons William F. , Van Belle Gerald
Published: March 2012

The Purpose of this study was to test for short‐term clinical differences in periodontal status after treatment with osseous recontouring and flap curettage in humans. Twelve systemically healthy patients with bilaterally similar marginal periodontal destruction received a standardized regime of presurgical therapy. The posterior segments of these patients were then treated with osseous recontouring and flap curettage. The investigators assigned the segments in one jaw at random to osseous recontouring and flap curettage, and then reversed the sides receiving surgical treatment in the opposing jaw. Postsurgical photographs and measurements for supragingival plaque, tooth mobility, gingival inflammation and periodontal attachment levels relative to the cemento‐enamel junction were made for 6 months. Statistical analysis revealed that: (1) osseous recontouring and open flap curettage equally reduced plaque and gingival inflammation; (2) each surgical procedure equally increased attached gingiva; (3) pocket reduction achieved with osseous recontouring was maintained over 6 months, pockets recurring after open curettage; (4) open curettage did not induce bone regeneration; (5) osseous recontouring did not result in irreversible tooth mobility; (6) osseous recontouring resulted in a net loss of attachment; open curettage producing a net gain, especially in deeper pockets; and (7) both procedures improved periodontal health.
Five Year Evaluation of the Excisional New Attachment Procedure
Authors: Yukna Raymond A. , Williams John E.
Published: March 2012

Patients treated with the Excisional New Attachment Procedure were evaluated 5 years or more following the procedure. They had received maintenance therapy about four times a year. Clinical measurements of free gingival margin height, pocket depth, and width of keratinized gingiva were made from the cemento‐enamel junction in 56 surgical sites and compared to the same parameters recorded presurgically and at 1 and 3 years postsurgically. Probeable depths increased slightly and the amount of previously gained new attachment decreased slightly at each postoperative evaluation period. Only isolated sites were the same as or worse than pretreatment levels. An overall mean net gain in clinical attachment of 1.5 mm was found at 5 years after treatment, and probeable depths approached 3.0 mm at this time. Both of these 5 year findings were statistically and clinically significant improvements over preoperative measurements.
The Need for Periodontal Treatment in Relation to Socioeconomic Status and Health Behavior
Authors: Markkanen H. , Rajala M. , Lammi S. , Karinpää A. , Heinonen O. P.
Published: March 2012

Socioeconomic factors, dental status, health behavior and some environmental factors were scrutinized in relation to the need for periodontal treatment. A linear multiple regression model was fitted to test which variables best explain the need of periodontal treatment. The subjects (315) of the study were employees of a paper mill in Finland. The periodontal status was classified according to a modified Periodontal Treatment Need System. The data on background variables was collected by a self‐administered questionnaire. About 30% of the treatment need could be explained with the above factors. The order of the factors determining the periodontal treatment need was: number of teeth (13.3%), age (13.2%), education (0.9%), toothbrushing frequency (0.6%), and use of chewing gum (0.3%).
Collagen Resorption by Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts at the Hard Tissue‐Ligament Interfaces of the Mouse Periodontium
Authors: Deporter D. A. , Cate A. R. Ten
Published: March 2012

Electron microscopic examination of the periodontal ligament of the mouse molar at the ligament‐cementum and ligament‐bone interfaces revealed fibroblasts apparently engaged in the severing and phagocytosis of ligament collagen fibrils originally anchored to bone or cementum as “Sharpey's fibers”.
The Behavior of Angular Bony Defects Following Reduction of Inflammation
Authors: Kantor Michael
Published: March 2012

This study was designed to quantitate the changes in experimental angular bony defects and the surrounding tissues following the removal of irritants associated with marginal periodontitis. Plaque retentive ligatures were placed around the mandibular second bicuspids in each of four squirrel monkeys. Ten weeks later the ligatures were removed and mechanical cleaning was implemented. At the same time, ligatures were placed on the contralateral (control) bicuspids. After 10 weeks the monkeys were sacrificed and the tissues prepared for analysis. The control tissues represented the state of the periodontium immediately prior to ligature removal and the implementation of 10 weeks of mechanical cleaning. Histometric analyses revealed a reduction from 68 to 14% in the inflammatory cell infiltrate present in the supracrestal connective tissue following ligature removal and plaque control. Concomitant with this decrease was a 50% increase (P < 0.01) in the amount of bone present in the coronal periodontium. There was bone repair at the crest and along the angular defect but there was not a total regeneration of the lesion. These tissue changes were accompanied by a reduction in tooth mobility and a reformation of the gingival architecture although there was no new attachment. It appears that there is a potential for bone repair in these angular defects without an alteration in the connective tissue attachment level.
A New Look at the Rests of Malassez: A Review of Their Embryological Origin, Anatomy, and Possible Role in Periodontal Health and Disease
Authors: Spouge J. D.
Published: March 2012

The embryological formation and anatomy of the rests of Malassez are described and their possible roles of health and disease are discussed. It is emphasized that the rests are worthy of new interest and further study. They comprise a structure whose precise anatomy still is in need of accurate description and in which the presence or absence of a physiological role is unproven.
Collagenase in the Human Periodontal Ligament
Authors: Christner Paul
Published: March 2012

Collagenase activity was demonstrated by direct incubation to be present in human periodontal ligament. This activity was found in only one of two populations of ligament, i.e., those ligaments taken from teeth in which their attachment site was at least 2.5 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. The collagenase was demonstrated to be of host origin because it degraded collagen into 3/4 and 1/4 α chain fragments characteristic of mammalian collagenases. The enzyme was shown to be inhibited in the presence of EDTA and to have a pH optimum of 7.5.
A New Method for Stabilization of Periodontally Involved Teeth
Authors: Rosenberg Solly
Published: March 2012

An approach is presented for the construction of an extracoronal temporary splint that meets the demands of stabilization in the presence of a compromised attachment apparatus. It is completely reversible and esthetically acceptable. It also combines the versatility of two often used materials—orthodontic grid material (for bracket placement) and self‐polymerizing resins and composites, giving the combined effect of strength, stability and esthetics.
Interaction of Parotid Saliva Basic Glycoprotein With Streptococcus Sanguis ATCC 10557
Authors: Shibata S. , Nagata K. , Nakamura R. , Tsunemitsu A. , Misaki A.
Published: March 2012

It is postulated that an initial step in dental plaque formation is the adherence of oral bacteria to the salivary pellicle. Recently, we have found that a proline‐rich and basic glycoprotein (MGP) from human parotid saliva, which is successfully purified by Concanavalin A‐Sepharose affinity chromatography, binds to some oral streptococci such as S. mitis and S. sanguis. This paper deals with some inhibitors which affect the binding of the MGP to S. sanguis ATCC 10557. The assay for the binding ability of the radioactive MGP to the bacterial cells was performed by incubation of the reaction mixture containing 10 μg of [3H]MGP (6000 dpm) and about 4.5 mg of bacterial cells (dry weight) in 0.5 ml of 0.05 M Tris‐HCl buffer containing 0.05 M NaCl, pH 8.0, with a final volume of 0.51 ml. After 1 hour standing at 4°C, the cells were washed five times with the same buffer. The resulting sediment was solubilized in 0.5 ml of NCS tissue solubilizer and the radioactivity was measured. The binding of the radioactive MGP to bacterial cells was specifically inhibited by galactose, lactose and N‐acetyllactosamine. Applications of heat and trypsin on the cell surface, strikingly reduced the binding ability. These findings strongly suggested that a lectin‐like substance may be present on the bacterial cell surface.
A Surgical Procedure for the Treatment of Localized Gingival Recession in Conjunction With Root Surface Citric Acid Conditioning
Authors: Liu William Jar‐Liang , Solt Charles W.
Published: March 2012

A total of 9 teeth were treated with a free gingival graft followed by a coronally positioned flap in conjunction with conditioning of the root surface with citric acid. The grafting procedure was done 2 weeks after the subjects could perform adequate plaque control. Thirty days after grafting, a mucoperiosteal flap was raised. The root surface was thoroughly planed and conditioned with citric acid at pH 1.0, and the flap was then positioned coronally. Clinical measurements of the amount of recession, sulcus depth, and keratinized gingiva were taken preoperatively, and at 30 and 60 days after surgery. Recession was reduced by a mean of 3.24 ± 2.08 mm. Width of keratinized gingiva was increased to a mean of 4.99 ± 1.23 mm. Both of these findings were highly significant. Sulcus depth was not significantly changed.
Therapeutic Alternatives in Phenytoin‐Induced Gingival Hyperplasia: A Case Report and Discussion
Authors: Reynolds Norman C. , Kirkham Dan B.
Published: March 2012

The problem of phenytoin‐induced gingival hyperplasia is discussed within the context of consultative planning between oral care practitioners and the physician managing the epilepsy. The reluctance of the neurologist or of the patient to change an ongoing anti‐convulsant program is often a response to a long history of tedious steps in medication adjustments to establish a level of seizure control without sacrificing alertness and mood control. Realistic indicators for discontinuing phenytoin are enumerated and therapeutic alternatives in treating phenytoin hyperplasia are discussed. A complicated case of seizure control is offered as an example of requirements in the medical control of epilepsy and the context in which periodontal therapy can be planned in conjunction with these medication adjustments. The mechanism of phenytoin induction of gingival hyperplasia is briefly discussed. Phenytoin (Dilantin®) and a newer agent, valproic acid (Depakene®), are compared as alternatives in seizure control.
Connective Tissue Response to Periodontal Dressings
Authors: Nezwek Richard A. , Caffesse Raul G. , Bergenholtz Axel , Nasjleti Carlos E.
Published: March 2012

The effects of three periodontal dressings (Coe‐Pak, PPC, Perio Putty) upon subcutaneous tissues in 26 Sprague‐Dawley rats were investigated. The three dressings, and a control (Teflon), were placed into polyethylene tubes. Two tubes per animal were implanted on either side of the dorsal midline area. After 14 days the specimens were retrieved and prepared for histological examination. Three methods of scoring were utilized for evaluation. First, a system evaluating the overall number of inflammatory cells, connective tissue capsule thickness, and the vascular changes produced; second, an inflammatory cell count, the Inflammatory Index (I.I.), computing the inflammatory cells in a particular field of view for each material; and third, a Reaction Spread Index (R.S.I.) comparing the distance of the spread of the inflammatory reaction into the connective tissues. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out utilizing the Chi‐square test and analysis of variance. While the three scoring systems utilized did result in some comparative variation in reactions, the overall order of decreasing severity was always PPC, Coe‐Pak, Perio Putty, and Teflon.
The Relationships Between Malocclusion, Gingival Inflammation, Plaque and Calculus
Authors: Buckley Louis A.
Published: March 2012

Certain features of malocclusion considered important in relation to periodontal health were analyzed in a study of 300 subjects. It was found that plaque and gingival inflammation were not related to vertical incisor overbite, horizontal incisor overjet or posterior cuspal interdigitation. Individual tooth irregularity measured as tilting, rotation, displacement and crowding had a low but statistically significant correlation with plaque, calculus and gingival inflammation. However, the study showed that these features of malocclusion are far less important than the extent of plaque and calculus deposits in the development of gingival inflammation.
A New Filter for Osseous Coagulum Collection
Authors: Dayoub Michael B.
Published: March 2012

A filter which can be used for the collection of osseous coagulum is described. The filter is a stainless steel screen in a plastic housing which does not require the addition of cloth or membrane filters. It is compact, autoclavable, and reusable.