bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laptop-Induced Erythema ab igne: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bimbi César , Khabbus Alidzhan
Published: May 2023

Erythema ab Igne (EAI) or “toasted skin syndrome”, is a skin reaction manifested by a reticulate hypermelanosis on body areas submitted to prolonged exposure to infrared radiation (IRR) in the form of moderate heat insufficient to produce a skin burn. This reaction is probably as old as civilization and accompanies the use of fire for heating icy environments or the body directly. Currently, several cases due to bodily contact with laptops have been reported and makings EAI an old condition new again.

Here, we present a case of a male patient with continuous use of a laptop computer placed on the abdominal area in a reclining position and the consequent formation of EAI on the exposed site.
Identification of Tomato Genotypes for Growth, Yield and Quality Attributes under Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: Jogi Mahantesh , Naik Vasudev , Ramachandra R. K. , Lingaiah H. B. , Indiresh K. M. , Samuel D. K. , Singh T. H.
Published: May 2023

The experiment was conducted to study the 200 tomato genotypes for growth, yield and quality attributes. Among the 200 genotypes, the genotype Akshaya was exhibited least days taken to fifty percent flowering (21.00). In case of growth parameters maximum plant height noticed in genotype (13P3) 202.33 cm and maximum branches was observed in genotype (AR-56) i.e. 11.33 branches per plant. The highest fruit width and average fruit weight reported in (H-86) 8.15cm and (131.94 g). Yield attributing characters like number of fruits per plant (204.37) was highest recorded in EC-338717. The total tomato fruit yield highest was recorded per plant 6.48 kg genotype (4P1). With respect to quality parameters like Pericarp thickness highest was observed in (AOTD-10) i.e. 7.42 mm. The genotype AR-56 (7.00) was recorded highest total soluble solids. High range of fruit firmness was observed in (AOTD-18) 6.25 kg/cm2.  This study gives information on the agronomic variation in the 200 tomato genotypes assessed which can invariably serve as an index to selecting putative parents in breeding for new tomato variety that will combine desirable agronomic characteristics with high yield and its attributing characters.
Influence of Stage of Harvest on Seed Yield and Quality in Soybean Varieties
Authors: Gnyandev B. , Gowda Basave , Hiremath Umesh , Reddy Vijaychandra , Bagli Shivakumar B.
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bidar during Kharif 2018 and 2019 to determine the influence of appropriate stage of harvest on seed yield and quality parameters of soybean varieties JS-335 and DSb-21. The research plots were laid out in replication using factorial RCBD design. The crop was harvested according to the stage of harvest which was fixed as treatments i.e. at 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100 days after sowing (DAS) in both the varieties and threshing was done manually. The results revealed that among different harvesting stages, the seeds of the variety JS-335 harvested at 85 DAS showed highest seed yield and quality characters compared to early and delayed harvesting stage. Likewise in case of DSb-21 variety the crop harvested at 90 DAS recorded highest seed yield and quality parameters compared to other stages of harvest.
Data Exploration and Statistical Analysis of Lost Time Injury in Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Ojo Oluwaseun O. , Oladapo Ifeoluwa D. , Fasasi Tajudeen A. , Akinsola Victor O.
Published: May 2023

Accident (whether major or minor) is unexpected and inevitable due to dynamic nature of works, lack of workmanship, and lots of activities in industries. Some occur due to negligence, lack of knowledge or skill, improper handling of tools or equipment, lackadaisical attitudes towards the safety precautions. These attitudes result to highly prevalent exposure to dangers by employees in some industries. The study identified the industries with peculiar risk cases and safety conditions, design questionnaires applicable to accident reporting cases for the industries, model the percentage effect of injuries, illnesses, and fatalities (variables) on yearly basis, and model lost time injuries, illnesses, and fatalities with statistical analysis against the cost of implications. The software used in this study was SPSS version 25 while model built was Multi-linear regression and a correlation matrix was used to check the relationship between the dependent variable (i.e. cost of implication) and the independent variables (percentage of injuries, illnesses and fatalities). The results showed that, the independent variables have significant effects on the dependent variable. However, while considering the individual effect on the dependent variable, only the percentage of illnesses have significant effect on the dependent variable. This implies that, the industries are less concerned to the workers’ benefits and other allowances which causes fatigue on the workers and have much effect on the costs.
Autism Prevalence Has Been on the Rise in the US for Decades—And That’s Progress
Authors: Harris Emily
Published: May 2023

This Medical News article discusses advancements in understanding and characterizing autism over the past 20 years.
Young Man With Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Beltran Ontiveros Luis David , Salazar Juan Francisco Fritche , Zanella Hugo Rodriguez
Published: May 2023

This case report discusses a diagnosis of double-orifice mitral valve in a young man with coarctation of the aorta.
Multiple Erythematous-Violaceous Patches and Plaques on the Left Upper Arm and Left Side of the Chest
Authors: Chen Tian , Ma Dong-Lai
Published: May 2023

A woman in her late 20s had multiple, slowly growing, infiltrated erythematous-violaceous patches and plaques with occasional slight pain extending from her left upper arm to the left side of her chest. What is your diagnosis?
Enhanced Superconductivity and Rashba Effect in a Buckled Plumbene‐Au Kagome Superstructure
Authors: Chen Wan‐Hsin , Chen Chin‐Hsuan , Chen Guan‐Hao , Chen Wei‐Chuan , Chen Fu‐Xiang Rikudo , Chen Pei‐Jung , Ku Chun‐Kai , Lee Chang‐Tsan , Kawakami Naoya , Li Jia‐Ying , Matsuda Iwao , Chang Wen‐Hao , Lin Juhn‐Jong , Wu Chien‐Te , Mou Chung‐Yu , Jeng Horng‐Tay , Tang Shu‐Jung , Lin Chun‐Liang
Published: May 2023

Plumbene, with a structure similar to graphene, is expected to possess a strong spin–orbit coupling and thus enhances its superconducting critical temperature (Tc). In this work, a buckled plumbene‐Au Kagome superstructure grown by depositing Au on Pb(111) is investigated. The superconducting gap monitored by temperature‐dependent scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy shows that the buckled plumbene‐Au Kagome superstructure not only has an enhanced Tc with respect to that of a monolayer Pb but also possesses a higher value than what owned by a bulk Pb substrate. By combining angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy with density functional theory, the monolayer Au‐intercalated low‐buckled plumbene sandwiched between the top Au Kagome layer and the bottom Pb(111) substrate is confirmed and the electron–phonon coupling‐enhanced superconductivity is revealed. This work demonstrates that a buckled plumbene‐Au Kagome superstructure can enhance superconducting Tc and Rashba effect, effectively triggering the novel properties of a plumbene.
Ruthenium Engineered A2B2O6‐Hybrid Columbite Ferrite for Bifunctional pH‐Universal Water Splitting
Authors: Bacirhonde Patrick M. , Mohamed Ahmed Yousef , Han Byounggun , Cho Deok‐Yong , Devendra Shrestha , Choi Jong‐Won , Lim Che‐Ryong , Afranie Emmanuel O. , Baik Kyeong‐Ho , Kang Kyoungin , Lee Sunny , Jeong Eun‐Suk , Komalla Nikhil , Dzade Nelson Y. , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang
Published: May 2023

Single‐atomic catalysts based on ruthenium have a balanced efficiency for water splitting, but it is necessary to control their activity and durability. In this work, a binder‐free Fe2‐xRuxNb2O6 (FRNO) hybrid catalyst is rationally designed through a facile hydrogel‐crosslinking route. The as‐prepared FRNO catalyst exhibits high electrocatalytic activity and stability when operating under acidic (0.5 m H2SO4) and alkaline (1 m KOH) media. Operando X‐ray adsorption and density functional theory calculations show that FRNO/CC, with its high intrinsic conductivity, promotes the adsorption and dissociation of water on its surface by regulating the charge distribution via charge transfer to the coordinated surface oxygen. This facilitates the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance by stabilizing *OOH adsorption on Ru and Fe. The FRNO/carbon cloth (CC) hybrid catalyst also delivers excellent activity and stability for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and OER in pH‐universal electrolytes with low overpotentials of 30 mV per 82 mV for HER and 200 mV per 260 mV for OER at a current density of 10 mA cm‐2 in acidic/basic medium. Ultimately, the FRNO/CC hybrid catalyst shows good water‐splitting performance, and it is expected to help contribute to the creation of various hybrid electrocatalysts.
Dispersive Charge Transfer State Electroluminescence in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lampande Raju , Pizano Adrian , Gui Manting , Cawthorn Robert , Rand Barry P. , Giebink Noel C.
Published: May 2023

The notion of quasi‐equilibrium is central to most solar cells; however, it has been questioned in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) owing to strong energetic disorder that frustrates efficient relaxation of electrons and holes within their respective density of states (DOS). Here, modulation electroluminescence (EL) spectroscopy is applied to OPVs and it is found that the frequency response of charge transfer (CT) state EL on the high energy side of the spectrum differs from that of the low energy side. This observation confirms that static disorder contributes substantially to the linewidth of the steady‐state EL spectrum and is unambiguous proof that the distribution of CT states formed by electrical injection in the dark is not in quasi‐equilibrium. These results emphasize the need for caution when analyzing OPV cells on the basis of reciprocity models that assume quasi‐equilibrium holds, and highlight a new method to study this unusual aspect of OPV operation.
Temporal cannabinoids profile and biomass yield in cannabigerol dominant industrial hemp under different planting dates in southern Florida
Authors: Chiluwal Anuj , Sandhu Saroop S. , Irey Mike , Johns Flint , Sanchez Richard , Sandhu Hardev
Published: May 2023

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) commercialization in Florida is mainly challenged by the lack of suitable essential oil hemp cultivars with Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration below the legal threshold. However, previous studies have only evaluated cannabidiol (CBD)‐dominant industrial hemp cultivars but not the cultivars primarily grown for cannabigerol (CBG) production. Hence, field trials were conducted using two CBG dominant cultivars adapted in Kentucky (CBG Gold) and Colorado (Panacea) at three experimental farms located at Okeechobee (Lykes) and Clewiston (Townsite and Ritta) in southern Florida with three planting dates from late April to late June under two different soil types (sandy soil at Lykes and Townsite, and organic soil at Ritta). CBG, CBD, and THC concentrations were analyzed in developing flowers harvested at weekly intervals beginning 2 weeks after flowering until crop maturity. Location and planting date had some effect on cannabinoids profile, but the effect was not consistent in any of the tested cultivars. Both the cultivars contained THC concentration (<0.1%) well below the legal requirement making them suitable for cultivation in Florida. However, both the cultivars adapted in longer photoperiod environments recorded short vegetative growth period in Florida's short‐day conditions and consequently produced less floral biomass. Hence, evaluating more cultivars with shorter photoperiod requirements would be helpful in identifying suitable CBG‐dominant cultivars for Florida and other locations with similar climatic conditions.
Uniparental disomy of multiple chromosomes in two cases with a complex phenotype
Authors: Polonis Katarzyna , Lopes Jaime L. , Cabral Huong , Babcock Holly E. , Kline Laura , Ruiz Kaylee M. , Schwartz Stuart , Grant Christina L. , Hasadsri Linda , Rowsey Ross A. , Hoppman Nicole L.
Published: May 2023

Uniparental disomy (UPD) is the inheritance of both chromosomal homologs from one parent. Depending on the chromosome involved and the parental origin, UPD may result in phenotypic abnormalities due to aberrant methylation patterns or unmasking recessive conditions in isodisomic regions. UPD primarily originates from somatic rescue of a single meiotically‐derived aneuploidy, most commonly a trisomy. Double UPD is exceedingly rare and triple UPD has not been previously described. Here, we report two unrelated clinical cases with UPD of multiple chromosomes; an 8‐month‐old male with maternal isodisomy of chromosome 7 and paternal isodisomy of chromosome 9, and a 4‐week‐old female with mixed paternal UPD for chromosomes 4, 10, and 14. These cases also demonstrate that although extremely rare, the detection of AOH on two or more chromosomes may warrant additional clinical and laboratory investigation such as methylation and STR marker analysis, especially when involving chromosomes known to be associated with imprinting disorders.
Non‐canonical Biosynthesis of the Brexane‐Type Bishomosesquiterpene Chlororaphen through Two Consecutive Methylation Steps in Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 and Variovorax boronicumulans PHE5‐4
Authors: Magnus Nancy , von Reuss Stephan H. , Braack Freya , Zhang Chi , Baer Katja , Koch Arthur , Hampe Philine L. , Sutour Sylvain , Chen Feng , Piechulla Birgit
Published: May 2023

A non‐canonical biosynthetic pathway furnishing the first natural brexane‐type bishomosesquiterpene (chlororaphen, C17H28) was elucidated in the γ‐proteobacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. A combination of genome mining, pathway cloning, in vitro enzyme assays, and NMR spectroscopy revealed a three‐step pathway initiated by C10 methylation of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP, C15) along with cyclization and ring contraction to furnish monocyclic γ‐presodorifen pyrophosphate (γ‐PSPP, C16). Subsequent C‐methylation of γ‐PSPP by a second C‐methyltransferase furnishes the monocyclic α‐prechlororaphen pyrophosphate (α‐PCPP, C17), serving as the substrate for the terpene synthase. The same biosynthetic pathway was characterized in the β‐proteobacterium Variovorax boronicumulans PHE5‐4, demonstrating that non‐canonical homosesquiterpene biosynthesis is more widespread in the bacterial domain than previously anticipated.
High durable three‐dimensional electroconductive patterns on textiles: Direct laser scribing of crosslinked graphene oxide sheets
Authors: Babaahmadi Vahid
Published: May 2023

For smart textiles and multifunctional wearable electronic devices, it is mandatory to fabricate high efficient and durable fine electroconductive patterns as circuits and elements. In this study, a fast method has been presented to direct writing of desired durable electroconductive patterns on textiles by using laser scribing of graphene oxide (GO) coatings. Laser CO2 is used to produce fast, direct, high resolution and three‐dimensional (3D) patterns of crosslinked reduced graphene oxide (LCrGO) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. The choice of this method ensured a high electrical conductivity along with great durability that makes the final fabric as great structure for fine multifunctional wearable electronic devices. X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscope have been used to characterize the structure and morphology of LCrGO patterns on PET fabric. The sheet resistance of the LCrGO patterns on PET fabrics decreased associated with the increase of laser power as a main source of in situ photochemical/thermal reduction. The sheet resistance for the best LCrGO patterns was about 3.7 kΩ/sq that can be used in different smart and wearable electronic devices. After washings and exposure to mechanical deformation cycles, the patterns showed good conductivity retention of about 90%.
Phase 2 study of preoperative chemotherapy with nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine followed by chemoradiation for borderline resectable or node‐positive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Emerson Y. , Kardosh Adel , Nabavizadeh Nima , Foster Bryan , Mayo Skye C. , Billingsley Kevin G. , Gilbert Erin W. , Lanciault Christian , Grossberg Aaron , Bensch Kenneth G. , Maynard Erin , Anderson Eric C. , Sheppard Brett C. , Thomas Charles R. , Lopez Charles D. , Vaccaro Gina M. ,   OHSU Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Group
Published: May 2023

Background

Neoadjuvant treatment with nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine for potentially operable pancreatic adenocarcinoma has not been well studied in a prospective interventional trial and could down‐stage tumors to achieve negative surgical margins.

Methods

A single‐arm, open‐label phase 2 trial (NCT02427841) enrolled patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma deemed to be borderline resectable or clinically node‐positive from March 17, 2016 to October 5, 2019. Patients received preoperative gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and nab‐paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, 15, every 28 days for two cycles followed by chemoradiation with 50.4 Gy intensity‐modulated radiation over 28 fractions with concurrent fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. After definitive resection, patients received four additional cycles of gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel. The primary endpoint was R0 resection rate. Other endpoints included treatment completion rate, resection rate, radiographic response rate, survival, and adverse events.

Results

Nineteen patients were enrolled, with the majority having head of pancreas primary tumors, both arterial and venous vasculature involvement, and clinically positive nodes on imaging. Among them, 11 (58%) underwent definitive resection and eight of 19 (42%) achieved R0 resection. Disease progression and functional decline were primary reasons for deferring surgical resection after neoadjuvant treatment. Pathologic near‐complete response was observed in two of 11 (18%) resection specimens. Among the 19 patients, the 12‐month progression‐free survival was 58%, and 12‐month overall survival was 79%. Common adverse events were alopecia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, rash, and neutropenia.

Conclusion

Gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel followed by long‐course chemoradiation represents a feasible neoadjuvant treatment strategy for borderline resectable or node‐positive pancreatic cancer.
MicroRNA‐215‐5p promotes proliferation, invasion, and inhibits apoptosis in liposarcoma cells by targeting MDM2
Authors: Song Zhengnan , Bai Jingping , Jiang Renbing , Wu Junshen , Yang Wenpeng
Published: May 2023

Background

Liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most common soft tissue malignancies in adults, and it is characterized by dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways, including MDM2 proto‐oncogene (MDM2) amplification. MicroRNA (miRNA) regulates gene expression through incomplete complementary pairing with the 3' untranslated region of mRNAs involved in tumor progression.

Methods

In this study, bioinformatics analysis, RT‐qPCR, dual‐luciferase reporter gene, MTT, flow cytometry, cell scratches, chamber migration, colony formation, FISH, WB, and CCK8 were used.

Results

RT‐qPCR showed that the expression of MDM2 was increased when miR‐215‐5p was overexpressed compared with the control group. The dual‐luciferase reporter gene showed that the Renilla ratio firefly fluorescence intensity was decreased in the overexpression group compared with the control group. Cell phenotype experiments revealed that the overexpression group had increased cell proliferation rate, increased apoptosis rate, increased colony formation rate, increased cell healing area ratio, and increased number of cell invasions. FISH revealed increased MDM2 expression in the overexpression group. WB suggested decreased Bax expression, increased PCNA, Bcl‐2, and MDM2 expression, and decreased P53 and P21 expression in the overexpression group.

Conclusions

In this study, we suggest that miR‐215‐5p can target and promote MDM2 expression, promote the proliferation and invasion of LPS cells SW‐872, and inhibit apoptosis.Targeting miR‐215‐5p may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of LPS.
Distress, anxiety, and depression in persons with hereditary cancer syndromes: Results from a nationwide cross‐sectional study in Germany
Authors: Kastner Anna Maria , Fischer‐Jacobs Josefine , Brederecke Jan , Hahne Andrea , Zimmermann Tanja
Published: May 2023

Background

Persons with hereditary cancer syndromes (carriers) have a higher risk of developing cancer early. They are confronted with decisions regarding prophylactic surgeries, communication within their families, and childbearing. The present study aims to assess distress, anxiety, and depression in adult carriers and identify risk groups and predictors; clinicians can use to screen for particularly distressed persons.

Methods

N = 223 participants (n = 200 women, n = 23 men) with different hereditary cancer syndromes affected and unaffected by cancer answered questionnaires measuring their distress, anxiety, and depression levels. The sample was compared to the general population using one‐sample t‐tests. The n = 200 women with (n = 111) and without cancer (n = 89) were then compared and predictors for increased levels of anxiety and depression were identified using stepwise linear regression analyses.

Results

66% reported clinical relevant distress, 47% reported clinical relevant anxiety, and 37% reported clinical relevant depression. Compared to the general population, carriers experienced increased distress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, women with cancer suffered from more depressive symptoms than those without cancer. Past psychotherapy for a mental disorder and high distress were identified as predictors for increased anxiety and depression in female carriers.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the psychosocial consequences of hereditary cancer syndromes are serious. Clinicians could regularly screen carriers regarding anxiety and depression. The NCCN Distress Thermometer can be combined with questions about past psychotherapy to identify especially vulnerable persons. Further studies are needed to develop psychosocial interventions.
Global, regional, and national burden of oral cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Sun Rongyin , Dou Weijie , Liu Weiliang , Li Jin , Han Xiangxiang , Li Shunhang , Wu Xueqian , Wang Fei , Xu Xin , Li Jing
Published: May 2023

Background

This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of oral cancer by analyzing the epidemiological trends of oral cancer.

Materials and Methods

The data on oral cancer from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. The incidence, mortality, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), and age‐standardized rate as well as attributable risk factors of oral cancer were used for the analysis. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to describe the changes in age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age‐standardized DALYs rate (ASDR).

Results

The global ASIR of oral cancer showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019. ASIR in high SDI regions showed a decreasing trend during the studied period, with high SDI regions having the lowest ASMR in 2019. In 2019, the highest ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR were detected in South Asia. At the national level, Pakistan had the highest ASMR and ASDR in 2019. The increasing disease burden was observed in younger populations aged below 45 during the studied period. Smoking and alcohol use still exerted profound impacts on the oral cancer burden, with South Asia having the greatest increase in the percentage of deaths due to oral cancer attributable to chewing tobacco from 1990 to 2019.

Conclusion

In conclusion, there is a large variability in the temporal and spatial burden of oral cancer, and it is essential for priority countries to take targeted intervention policies and measures to reduce the disease burden of oral cancer. In addition, the oral cancer burden caused by attributable risk factors should also receive close attention.
Laboratory methods: A concise review and update for COVID‐19 diagnosis
Authors: Nemati Mohadeseh , Jafari Ameneh , Ebrahimi Yaser , Golchin Ali , Pouya Fahima Danesh , Rezaei‐Tavirani Mostafa , Rasmi Yousef
Published: May 2023

Since late December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been rapidly spread across the globe. The early, safe, sensitive, and accurate diagnosis of viral infection is required to decrease and control contagious infection and improve public health surveillance. The diagnosis generally is made by detecting SARS‐CoV‐2‐related agents, including a range of nucleic acid detection‐based, immunoassay‐based, radiographic‐based, and biosensor‐based methods. This review presents the progress of various detection tools for diagnosing COVID‐19 and addresses the advantages and restrictions of each detection method. Given that diagnosis of a contagious various like SARS‐COV‐2 can improve patient survival rates and break the transmission chain, there is no surprise that significant efforts should be made to reduce the limitations of tests that lead to false‐negative results and to develop a substantial test for COVID‐19 diagnosis.
Constrictive pericarditis heart failure in a patient with atrial fibrillation: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Muñoz‐Rodríguez Rebeca , Igareta‐Herraiz Aída T. , Izquierdo‐Gómez María Manuela , Marí‐López Belén , Duque‐González María Amelia , Baeza‐Garzón Flor , Barragán‐Acea Antonio , Miranda‐Bacallado Julio , Bosa‐Ojeda Francisco , Lacalzada‐Almeida Juan
Published: May 2023

Constrictive pericarditis is an infrequent cause of heart failure. Diagnosis is challenging and requires a high level of suspicion. Subtle echocardiographic findings, as the pericardial bounce, could be the clue to diagnosis.
Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Functionalisation of Glycine Schiff Base Aryl Esters via 1,6‐ and 1,4‐Additions
Authors: Stockhammer Lotte , Craik Rebecca , Monkowius Uwe , Cordes David B. , Smith Andrew D. , Waser Mario
Published: May 2023

The enantioselective α‐functionalisation of glycine Schiff base aryl esters through isothiourea catalysis is successfully demonstrated for 1,6‐additions to para‐quinone methides (21 examples, up to 95 : 5 dr and 96 : 4 er) and 1,4‐ additions to methylene substituted dicarbonyl or disulfonyl Michael acceptors (17 examples, up to 98 : 2 er). This nucleophilic organocatalysis approach gives access to a range of α‐functionalised α‐amino acid derivatives and further transformations of the activated aryl ester group provide a straightforward entry to advanced amino acid‐based esters, amides or thioesters.
Controllable and large‐area growth of ZnO nanosheet arrays under ambient condition as superior anodes for scalable aqueous batteries
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Fu Yanqing , Wei Qiliang , Zheng Yapeng , Wang Lin , Teng Jie , Yang Weiyou
Published: May 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) oxides have been the focus of substantial research interest recently, owing to their fascinating physico‐chemical properties. However, fabrication of large‐area 2D oxide materials in a controlled manner under mild conditions still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we develop a facile and universal strategy based on the sonochemistry approach for controllable and large‐area growth of quasi‐aligned single‐crystalline ZnO nanosheets on a Zn substrate (Zn@SC‐ZnO) under ambient conditions. The obtained ZnO nanosheets possess the desired exclusively exposed (00) facets, which have been confirmed to play a critical role in significantly reducing the activation energy and facilitating the stripping/plating processes of Zn. Accordingly, the constructed Zn@SC‐ZnO||Zn@SC‐ZnO symmetric cell has very low polarization overpotential down to ~20 mV, with limited dendrite growth and side reactions for Zn anodes. The developed Zn@SC‐ZnO//MnO2 aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) show a voltage efficiency of 88.2% under 500 mA g−1 at the stage of 50% depth of discharge, which is state of the art for ZIBs reported to date. Furthermore, the as‐assembled large‐size cell (5 cm × 5 cm) delivers an open circuit potential of 1.648 V, and can be robustly operated under a high current of 20 mA, showing excellent potential for future scalable applications.
Symmetrically Functionalized Copper and Silver Corrole‐Bis‐Tetracyanobutadiene Push‐Pull Conjugates: Efficient Population of Triplet States via Charge Transfer
Authors: Yadav Inderpal , Sharma Jatan K. , Sankar Muniappan , D'Souza Francis
Published: May 2023

Copper and silver tritolylcorroles (TTC) are symmetrically functionalized to carry two tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) entities via [2+2] cycloaddition‐retroeletrocyclization reaction involving ethynyl functionalized corroles with an electron acceptor, tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in excellent yields, as the first examples of corrole‐TCBD push‐pull systems. The strong push‐pull effect resulted in charge polarization in the ground state resulting in a considerable hypsochromic shift of the spectrum extending it into the near‐IR region. Electrochemical studies coupled with computational studies revealed considerable interactions between the two TCBD entities via the corrole π‐system and the degree of such interactions was found to depend on the metal ion present in the corrole cavity. Energy considerations suggested charge transfer (CT) from the S2 or vibrationally hot S1 state but not the relaxed S1 state in the case of CuTTC(TCBD)2 while CT to occur from all these states in the case of AgTTC(TCBD)2. Additionally, the high‐energy CT states populate the low‐lying triplet states. Systematic femtosecond pump‐probe studies provided the ultimate proof for the occurrence of excited CT as a function of excitation wavelength followed by the efficient population of the triplet states. The present study brings out the significance of charge transfer in efficiently populating the triplet states in rather unusual copper and silver corroles carrying two TCBD entities.
Disposition and Mass Balance of Etrasimod in Healthy Subjects and In Vitro Determination of the Enzymes Responsible for Its Oxidative Metabolism
Authors: Lee Caroline A. , Oh D. Alexander , Tang Yong , Yi Ping , Bashir Mohammad , English Stephen , Croft Marie , Blackburn Anthony , Bloom Steve , Gilder Kye , Grundy John S.
Published: May 2023

Etrasimod (APD334) is an investigational, once‐daily, oral, selective sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor 1,4,5 modulator (S1P1,4,5) in development for treatment of various immune‐mediated inflammatory disorders. The disposition and mass balance of a single 2‐mg [14C]etrasimod dose were evaluated in 8 healthy males. An in vitro study was also conducted to identify etrasimod's oxidative metabolizing enzymes. Peak concentrations of etrasimod and total radioactivity in plasma and whole blood were typically reached 4–7 hours postdose. Etrasimod constituted 49.3% of total radioactivity plasma exposure, with multiple minor/trace metabolites making up the remainder. Etrasimod was slowly cleared mainly via biotransformation, predominantly by oxidative metabolism, with unchanged etrasimod recovered in feces accounting for only 11.2% of the dose and none in urine. The mean apparent terminal half‐lives of etrasimod and total radioactivity in plasma were 37.8 and 89.0 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative recovery of radioactivity in excreta over 336 hours was 86.9% of the dose, mostly in feces. The prevalent metabolites eliminated in feces were M3 (hydroxy‐etrasimod) and M36 (oxy‐etrasimod sulfate), accounting for 22.1% and 18.9% of the dose, respectively. From in vitro reaction phenotyping, the predominant enzymes involved in the oxidation of etrasimod were CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4, with minor contributions from CYP2C19 and CYP2J2.
Pharmacokinetic Drug‐Drug Interaction With Coadministration of Cannabidiol and Everolimus in a Phase 1 Healthy Volunteer Trial
Authors: Wray Louise , Berwaerts Joris , Critchley David , Hyland Kerry , Chen Cuiping , Thai Ching , Tayo Bola
Published: May 2023

When highly purified cannabidiol (CBD; Epidiolex) and the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus are used concomitantly in the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex, there is evidence of a pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction, leading to increased everolimus systemic exposure. We evaluated the effect of steady‐state CBD exposure following multiple clinically relevant CBD doses on everolimus PK in healthy adult participants in a single‐center, fixed‐sequence, open‐label, phase 1 study. All participants received oral everolimus 5 mg on day 1, followed by a 7‐day washout. On days 9–17, participants received CBD (100 mg/mL oral solution) at 12.5 mg/kg in the morning and evening. On the morning of day 13, participants also received a single dose of oral everolimus 5 mg. Medications were taken 30 or 45 minutes (morning or evening dose) after starting a standardized meal. Maximum concentration and area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time of dosing to the last measurable concentration and extrapolated to infinity, of everolimus in whole blood were estimated using noncompartmental analysis, with geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals for the ratios of everolimus dosed with CBD to everolimus dosed alone. A single dose of everolimus 5 mg was well tolerated when administered with multiple doses of CBD. Log‐transformed everolimus maximum concentration, AUC from time of dosing to the last measurable concentration, and AUC extrapolated to infinity values increased by ≈2.5‐fold, and everolimus half‐life remained largely unchanged in the presence of steady‐state CBD relative to everolimus dosed alone. Everolimus blood concentration monitoring should be strongly advised with appropriate dose reduction when coadministered with CBD.
Proposed time‐mode wide fan‐in NAND and NOR gates
Authors: Sharroush Sherif M. , Badry Emad
Published: May 2023

CMOS circuits usually operate either in the voltage, current, charge, or time domain. Each of these domains has its own features. As the fan‐in of CMOS circuits increases, the performance of circuits that operate in the voltage domain, the current domain, or the charge domain degrades. This is the case especially with scaling down the power‐supply voltage associated with technology scaling. In this paper, a time‐mode scheme that utilizes a floating‐gate MOSFET (FGMOS) transistor is proposed. The proposed scheme showed good performance for wide fan‐in NAND and NOR gates. The design issues of the proposed scheme like the speed and the power consumption are investigated quantitatively. The performance of the proposed scheme is confirmed through simulation using the 45‐nm CMOS predictive technology model (PTM) with a 1‐V power‐supply voltage. 64‐input NAND and NOR gates realized using this scheme have time delays of 0.375 and 0.25 ns, respectively, at a load capacitance of 5 fF. The application of the proposed scheme for realizing multiplexers required in register files is illustrated and compared with the conventional domino logic in the superthreshold, near‐threshold, and subthreshold regions.
A voltage waveform design method for shortening current response time of a coil
Authors: Dou Minfeng , Long Linshuang , Yao Hongxin , Wang Yue , Wang Xiyao , Zhao Guozhu , Dang Saichao , Ye Hong
Published: May 2023

Coils are widely used in magnetorheological dampers, solenoid valves, and electron guns, where a quick response of the magnetic induction to the excitation voltage is needed. To achieve a quick response, the response time of the magnetic induction relative to the current and that of the current relative to the voltage should be shortened as much as possible. The latter is dominant in the total response time and can be shortened by using voltage control with an increased resistance or current control. The current time responses of the Helmholtz coils based on voltage control with an increased resistance and current control are measured. The results indicate that the current response times of the coils based on voltage control with resistances of 23.7 and 162 Ω and current control with a resistance of 23.7 Ω are 235.3, 42.3, and 62.1 μs, respectively. The current time responses of the voltage control are smooth, while those of the current control have large oscillations. Based on Kirchhoff's equilibrium equation, an overshoot voltage waveform design method is proposed to shorten the current response time and eliminate the current oscillations. The experimental results show that the current time response is smooth, and the current response time can be shortened by 91.8%, 54.4%, and 68.9% in comparison with those of the former three control cases. The demonstration experiments of the effect of the different control methods on the electron‐beam scanning path and hot spot distribution show that the scanning path and dwell duration are closer to the expected ones with the proposed method. The proposed method is of great value for improving the damping performance of a magnetorheological damper, the accuracy of the fluid injection of a solenoid valve, and the accuracy of the electron‐beam thermal assessment.
Classification of foot ulcers in people with diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Monteiro‐Soares Matilde , Hamilton Emma J. , Russell David A. , Srisawasdi Gulapar , Boyko Edward J. , Mills Joseph L. , Jeffcoate William , Game Fran
Published: May 2023

Background

Classification and scoring systems can help both clinical management and audit the outcomes of routine care.

Aim

This study aimed to assess published systems used to characterise ulcers in people with diabetes to determine which should be recommended to (a) aid communication between health professionals, (b) predict clinical outcome of individual ulcers, (c) characterise people with infection and/or peripheral arterial disease, and (d) audit to compare outcomes in different populations. This systematic review is part of the process of developing the 2023 guidelines to classify foot ulcers from the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for articles published up to December 2021 which evaluated the association, accuracy or reliability of systems used to classify ulcers in people with diabetes. Published classifications had to have been validated in populations of >80% of people with diabetes and a foot ulcer.

Results

We found 28 systems addressed in 149 studies. Overall, the certainty of the evidence for each classification was low or very low, with 19 (68%) of the classifications being assessed by ≤ 3 studies. The most frequently validated system was the one from Meggitt‐Wagner, but the articles validating this system focused mainly on the association between the different grades and amputation. Clinical outcomes were not standardized but included ulcer‐free survival, ulcer healing, hospitalisation, limb amputation, mortality, and cost.

Conclusion

Despite the limitations, this systematic review provided sufficient evidence to support recommendations on the use of six particular systems in specific clinical scenarios.
Incidence of shark‐inflicted bite injuries on Australian snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni) and Australian humpback (Sousa sahulensis) dolphins in coastal waters off east Queensland, Australia
Authors: Nicholls Caitlin R. , Peters Katharina J. , Cagnazzi Daniele , Hanf Daniella , Parra Guido J.
Published: May 2023

The ecology and evolution of prey populations are influenced by predation and predation risk. Our understanding of predator–prey relationships between sharks and dolphins is incomplete due to the difficulties in observing predatory events directly. Shark‐inflicted wounds are often seen on dolphin bodies, which can provide an indirect measure of predation pressure. We used photographs of Australian humpback and snubfin dolphins from north, central, and south Queensland to assess the incidence of shark‐inflicted bite injuries and to examine interspecific differences in bite injuries and their relationship with group sizes, habitat features, and geographical locations characteristic of where these individuals occurred. The incidence of shark‐inflicted scarring did not differ between species (χ2 = 0.133, df = 1, p = .715), with 33.3% of snubfin and 24.1% of humpback dolphins showing evidence of shark bites when data were pooled across all three study sites. Generalized additive models indicated that dolphins closer to the coast, with greater photographic coverage, and in north Queensland were more likely to have a shark‐inflicted bite injury. The similar incidence of shark‐inflicted wounds found on snubfin and humpback dolphins suggests both are subject to comparable predation pressure from sharks in the study region. Results highlight the importance that habitat features such as distance to the coast and geographical location could have in predation risk of dolphins from sharks, as well as the importance of considering photographic coverage when assessing the incidence of shark‐inflicted bites on dolphins or other marine animals. This study serves as a baseline for future studies on shark‐dolphin interactions in Queensland and into how predation may influence dolphin habitat usage, group living, and behavior.
Identity of the holotype and type locality of Rhabdophis leonardi (Wall, 1923) (Colubridae: Natricinae), with notes on the morphology and natural history of the species in southwestern China
Authors: Yang Shi‐Jun , Savitzky Alan H. , Gower David J. , Deepak V. , Mori Akira , Khot Rahul , Shi Jing‐Song , Ding Li , Hou Mian , Xu Hai‐Yuan , Wang Qin , Zhu Guang‐Xiang
Published: May 2023

The original description of Natrix leonardi (currently Rhabdophis leonardi) by Frank Wall in 1923, based on a specimen from the “Upper Burma Hills,” lacked important morphological details that have complicated the assignment of recently collected material. Furthermore, although the holotype was never lost, its location has been misreported in one important taxonomic reference, leading to further confusion. We report the correct repository of the holotype (Natural History Museum, London), together with its current catalog number. We also describe key features of that specimen that were omitted from the original description, and provide new details on the morphology of the species, including sexual dichromatism unusual for the genus, based upon specimens from southern Sichuan, China. Rhabdophis leonardi is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: 15 or 17 DSR at midbody and 6 supralabials; distinct annulus around the neck, broad and red in males, and narrow and orange with a black border in females; dorsal ground color light green or olive; some lateral and dorsal scales possessing black edges, the frequency of black edges gradually increasing from anterior to posterior, forming irregular and ill‐defined transverse black bands; eye with prominent green iris; black ventral spots with a red edge, most numerous at midbody but extending halfway down the length of the tail. In southwestern China, this species is frequently found at 1730–2230 m elevation. It has been documented to prey upon anuran amphibians, including toads. A recently published phylogenetic analysis showed this species to be deeply nested with the genus Rhabdophis, as a member of the R. nuchalis Group. That analysis also revealed the existence of two closely related but geographically distinct subclades in the molecular analysis, one of which may represent an unnamed taxon.
Empirical landscape genetic comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites in three arid‐zone mammals with high dispersal capacity
Authors: Skey Ebony D. , Ottewell Kym M. , Spencer Peter B. , Shaw Robyn E.
Published: May 2023

Landscape genetics is increasingly transitioning away from microsatellites, with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) providing increased resolution for detecting patterns of spatial‐genetic structure. This is particularly pertinent for research in arid‐zone mammals due to challenges associated with unique life history traits, such as boom‐bust population dynamics and long‐distance dispersal capacities. Here, we provide a case study comparing SNPs versus microsatellites for testing three explicit landscape genetic hypotheses (isolation‐by‐distance, isolation‐by‐barrier, and isolation‐by‐resistance) in a suite of small, arid‐zone mammals in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Using clustering algorithms, Mantel tests, and linear mixed effects models, we compare functional connectivity between genetic marker types and across species, including one marsupial, Ningaui timealeyi, and two native rodents, Pseudomys chapmani and P. hermannsburgensis. SNPs resolved subtle genetic structuring not detected by microsatellites, particularly for N. timealeyi where two genetic clusters were identified. Furthermore, stronger signatures of isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐resistance were detected when using SNPs, and model selection based on SNPs tended to identify more complex resistance surfaces (i.e., composite surfaces of multiple environmental layers) in the best‐performing models. While we found limited evidence for physical barriers to dispersal across the Pilbara for all species, we found that topography, substrate, and soil moisture were the main environmental drivers shaping functional connectivity. Our study demonstrates that new analytical and genetic tools can provide novel ecological insights into arid landscapes, with potential application to conservation management through identifying dispersal corridors to mediate the impacts of ongoing habitat fragmentation in the region.
The impact of small groups on pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection in polyandrous populations
Authors: McDonald Grant C.
Published: May 2023

Sexual selection is a key evolutionary force but varies widely between populations. Two key factors that influence sexual selection are the extent to which females copulate with multiple males (polyandry) and variation in the social environment. Increasing research demonstrates populations are structured by complex socio‐sexual networks, and the structure of these networks can influence sexual selection by shaping the relationship between male precopulatory mating success and the intensity of postcopulatory competition. However, comparatively less attention has been dedicated to the influence of group structure on sexual selection and how differences in the size of groups may impact on the relative force of pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection in polyandrous populations. The presence of groups (i.e., group structure) and the size of groups varies widely in nature and forms an implicit part of much experimental sexual selection research under laboratory conditions. Here I use simulations of mating competition within populations that vary in the size of groups they contain, to show that variation in group size, and in particular small groups, can influence sexual selection. Specifically, I show that null expectations for the operation of pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection is governed by the size of groups within populations because smaller group sizes constrain the structure of sexual networks leading to reinforcing episodes of pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection. Given broad variation in group structure in nature and the tendency for experimental sexual selection research to study replicate small groups, these effects have implications for our understanding of the operation of sexual selection in polyandrous populations.