bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The crucible of early career psychiatry
Authors: Ng Lillian , Steane Richard , Scollay Natalie , Harris Stephen , Milosevic Jasminka , Young Kirsten , Tan David , Chow Samantha
Published: November 2018

Objective:

To capture the voices of psychiatrists as they reflect on challenges at the early stages of the career trajectory.

Method:

Early career psychiatrists contributed reflections that identified various challenges in the transition from trainee to consultant psychiatrist.

Results:

Common difficulties included negotiating role transition and conflict. Specific events had deep impact such as involvement with a patient who had committed suicide.

Conclusions:

Challenges in the early career stage as a consultant psychiatrist may have lasting or career defining impact. Written reflection is a valuable tool that can impart collective learning, provide validation and engender support among peers.
Simultaneous load and structural monitoring of a carbon fiber rudder stock: Experimental results from a quasi-static tensile test
Authors: Neuschwander Klaus , Moll Jochen , Memmolo Vittorio , Schmidt Matthias , Bücker Marcel
Published: November 2018

Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics are widely used in lightweight marine structures due to their high strength and superior fatigue behavior. In this article, we will present an innovative methodology for simultaneous load and structural monitoring of a carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic rudder stock as part of a big commercial vessel. Experimental results are presented here from a quasi-static tensile test in which the load monitoring is performed using embedded strain sensors. Structural monitoring is based on high-frequency electromechanical impedance spectroscopy combined with dedicated signal processing and surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers. We have achieved the following results: (1) the demonstration of a hybrid monitoring system including load and structural monitoring, (2) successful embedding of strain gauges during composite manufacturing of the carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic rudder stock, (3) development of instrumentation hardware for multichannel electromechanical impedance measurements, and (4) successful damage detection by means of electromechanical impedance spectroscopy in thick carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic rudder stock samples exploiting strain data.
Prioritizing solution-oriented software requirements using the multiple perspective prioritization technique algorithm: An empirical investigation
Authors: Ibriwesh Iyas , Ho Sin-Ban , Chai Ian , Tan Chuie-Hong
Published: November 2018

This research proposed an algorithm to enhance the software requirements prioritization activity, called the multiple perspective prioritization technique. This proposed technique (algorithm) attempts to represent three perspectives: the customer, business and technical perspectives. In addition, this technique is designed for a medium to large number of requirements. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed multiple perspective prioritization technique were investigated empirically, in order to show whether it is worthy to be adopted in the real working environment. For this reason, a controlled experiment was conducted among 159 participants, where they were asked to prioritize 42 requirements using the three techniques: our proposed technique (multiple perspective prioritization technique), analytical hierarchical process and Wiegers’ technique. The aim of this experiment was to compare and evaluate the multiple perspective prioritization technique with two other techniques, which are among the most widely used prioritization techniques. By this comparison, we would like to show which of these techniques (multiple perspective prioritization technique, analytical hierarchical process and Wiegers) is more efficient, understandable, easy to use, more scalable and less time-consuming by the participants in practice. This will help the software industry and associated experts to improve the quality of their software products. The experiment outcome reveals in general that the multiple perspective prioritization technique is more effective, understandable, less time-consuming, more scalable and easier for prioritizing requirements than the analytical hierarchical process and Wiegers’ techniques. As a conclusion, the multiple perspective prioritization technique is worthy to be implemented in real environments. Our findings reflecting the three perspectives would provide valuable insights into the domain of prioritizing software requirements.
Radiographic Analysis of National Football League Players’ Fifth Metatarsal Morphology Relationship to Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fracture Risk
Authors: Karnovsky Sydney C. , Rosenbaum Andrew J. , DeSandis Bridget , Johnson Christopher , Murphy Conor I. , Warren Russell F. , Taylor Samuel A. , Drakos Mark C.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal are one of the most common foot injuries in athletes. Repetitive stresses endured by the fifth metatarsal can lead to stress fracture, delayed union, and refracture, making optimal treatment challenging. A radiographic analysis of fifth metatarsal morphology and foot type in National Football League (NFL) players was performed to investigate morphologic risk factors for these injuries.

Methods:

This was a case-control study that looked at NFL players treated between 1992 and 2012, as well as participants at the NFL Combine. Ninety-six feet (51 athletes) were included. Fractures were present in 15 feet. Two reviewers assessed fifth metatarsal morphology and foot type on anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique radiographs. Differences in foot type and metatarsal morphology between athletes with and without fractures were determined.

Results:

On anteroposterior radiographs, significant differences in apex medullary canal width, 4-5 intermetatarsal angle, fifth metatarsal angle, and talar head uncovering were observed between fractured and non-fractured feet ( P = .001, .003, .004, .008, respectively). On lateral radiographs, significant differences in the fifth metatarsal length, distance to apex, apex height, fifth metatarsal angle, and talocalcaneal angle were observed between fractured and nonfractured feet ( P = .04, .01, .02, .01, .01, respectively). On oblique radiographs, a significant difference was observed in apex height between fractured and nonfractured feet ( P = .002).

Conclusion:

Individuals with long, narrow, and straight fifth metatarsals with an adducted forefoot were most at risk for fifth metatarsal fractures. With this insight, attempts at fracture prevention can be implemented via footwear modifications, orthoses, and off-loading braces that account for those aforementioned morphologic attributes that place athletes at risk.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Prognostic factors for survival in patients with metastatic malign melanoma treated with ipilimumab: Turkish Oncology Group study
Authors: Urun Yuksel , Yasar H Arzu , Turna Hande , Esin Ece , Sedef A Murat , Alkan Ali , Oksuzoglu Berna , Ozdemir Nuriye , Sendur MA Nahit , Sezer Ahmet , Kılıckap Saadettin , Utkan Gungor , Akman Tulay , Akbulut Hakan , Celik Ismail , Abalı Huseyin
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Studies in the last decade show survival improvement with checkpoint blocker therapy in patients with metastatic malign melanoma. Our purpose was to define the efficacy of ipilimumab according to the patient's baseline characteristics including absolute lymphocytes count.

Methods

We collected the data of 97 patients with advanced malign melanoma treated with ipilimumab (3 mg/kg, q3w) retrospectively. Log-rank test was used to analyze the univariate effects of patient's characteristics (age, gender, metastatic sites, ECOG PS, type of melanoma, lactic dehydrogenase levels, anemia, lymphocytes (L), neutrophils (N), N/L ratio), c-kit and BRAF status. Survival analyses were estimated with Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the possible factors identified with log-rank test.

Results

The median age was 58, and 58% were male and 90% of patients had at least one prior systemic therapy. The median survival was 9.7 months for all patients; and the 12- and 24-month survival rates were 43% and 19%, respectively. Absolute lymphocytes count, lactic dehydrogenase level, bone metastasis, the number of metastatic sites, and RECIST response were significantly related to survival. After Cox regression analysis, RECIST response (complete or partial response), absolute lymphocytes count (more than 1500/mm3) and the number of metastatic sites (less than three sites) remained as significant independent prognostic factors for longer survival.

Conclusion

Ipilimumab improved survival of patients with metastatic malign melanoma. However, patients with fewer metastatic sites and higher absolute lymphocytes count have a significantly better benefit. To determine if these markers could be used to direct patient therapy, further validation analysis is needed.
Implications of parenteral chemotherapy dose standardisation in a tertiary oncology centre
Authors: Finch Milly , Masters Neil
Published: November 2018

Background

Dose banding parenteral chemotherapy has the potential to optimise aseptic unit capacity and reduce drug expenditure without compromising the service provided.

Methods

Dose banding tables from NHS England were implemented into the electronic chemotherapy prescribing system. Compliance to the dose bands was analysed and submitted quarterly. Analysis of drug expenditure, drug use and cost per milligram data was also collected.

Results

Expenditure on the 17 drugs identified in the 2016/17 dose standardisation CQUIN reduced by approximately £100,000 per month over the CQUIN despite an increase in the number of prescribed doses of these drugs. At the beginning of the year, the percentage of work compounded in house was 60%, which was reduced to 51% of total workload at the end of the year due to outsourcing commonly prescribed doses from commercial pharmaceutical aseptic manufacturers.

Conclusion

Dose banding parenteral chemotherapy is an efficient cost-saving strategy which also can help to increase the capacity of the aseptic unit.
Free vibration of functionally graded sandwich plates based on nth-order shear deformation theory via differential quadrature method
Authors: Fu Tao , Chen Zhaobo , Yu Hongying , Wang Zhonglong , Liu Xiaoxiang
Published: November 2018

The present study is concerned with free vibration of functionally graded sandwich plates on elastic foundation based on nth-order shear deformation theory. The material properties of functionally graded plate are assumed to vary according to power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents, and two common types of FG sandwich plates are considered. Governing differential equations are derived by means of Hamilton’s principle. The differential quadrature method is developed to formulate the problem, and rapid convergence is observed in this study. A numerical comparison is carried out to show the validity of the proposed theory with available results in the literature. Furthermore, effects of gradient indexes, thickness side ratio, aspect ratio, foundation parameters, boundary condition and different sandwich types on the natural frequency of plates are also studied.
Severe B cell–mediated disease activation despite two cycles of alemtuzumab in a patient with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hyun Jae-Won , Kim Yeseul , Kim Gayoung , Kim Su-Hyun , Kim Ho Jin
Published: November 2018

Alemtuzumab is a potent monoclonal CD52 antibody used to treat patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, recent literature reports have described paradoxical activation of B cell–mediated disease within 1 year of the first cycle of alemtuzumab. We raise awareness that severe B cell–mediated disease activation could develop, even after two cycles of alemtuzumab, in some vulnerable MS patients; therefore, individualized therapeutic strategies should be considered in clinical practice. We also propose that a novel regulatory B-cell subset may be a candidate for a predictive biomarker of disease activation in MS patients treated with alemtuzumab.
A qualitative study of parents’ and facilitators’ experiences of Group Stepping Stones Triple P for parents of children with disabilities
Authors: Ruane Ailbhe , Carr Alan , Moffat Valerie
Published: November 2018

In this qualitative study, we evaluated parents’ and facilitators’ experiences of the Group Stepping Stones Triple P (GSSTP) programme for parents of children with disabilities. The study was embedded in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of GSSTP and carried out in the Irish public health service. Eight parents and three psychologists participated in the study. We used a semi-structured interview schedule to collect data and conducted a thematic content analysis of interview transcripts to identify particularly useful and less helpful aspects of the programme and ways that its future delivery may be improved. We conducted separate analyses on parent and psychologist data. The main findings were that parents considered the GSSTP to have helped them develop better self-regulation and behaviour management skills, which contributed to improved family relations. Negative aspects of the programme included the use of dated videos, the volume of programme content, the attrition rate and the shortcomings of the programme in meeting the complex needs of vulnerable families. Improvement suggestions included increasing flexibility of manualised content, providing follow-up support to vulnerable parents, incentivizing parents to attend and updating videos.
‘Interaction structures’ between depressed adolescents and their therapists in short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy
Authors: Calderon Ana , Schneider Celeste , Target Mary , Midgley Nick , Goodyer Ian M. , Reynolds Shirley , Barrett Barbara , Byford Sarah , Dubicka Bernadka , Hill Jonathan , Holland Fiona , Kelvin Raphael , Roberts Chris , Senior Rob , Widmer Barry , Wilkinson Paul , Fonagy Peter
Published: November 2018

Objective:

Identify the core ‘interaction structures’ between therapists and depressed adolescents within and across two common forms of psychotherapy.

Method:

A total of 70 audio-recorded psychotherapy sessions representing short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (STPP) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with youth aged 12–18 years old were coded with the Adolescent Psychotherapy Q-set (APQ), a newly developed instrument. Data included different therapist-patient dyads and stages in treatment and were analysed with cluster analysis.

Results:

Three distinct interaction structures between therapists and depressed adolescents: two influenced by the therapists’ techniques and one more influenced by the young people’s attitude to therapy.

Conclusion:

When there is a collaborative working relationship between therapists and depressed young people, the therapy process is influenced by the therapists’ techniques; while when there is a poor working relationship, the techniques used by therapists of different theoretical orientation become more similar with the aim of engaging the young person in the process.
Numerical and experimental investigation on the vibro-impact responses analysis of shrouded blade
Authors: Cui Can , Ma Hui , Jin Yezhuang , Xie Fangtao , Yang Tong , Liu Shiyu
Published: November 2018

A finite element model of shrouded blades is established to analyze the vibration responses due to the impact between adjacent blades. In the finite element model, the blade and the shroud are simulated using beam element and lumped mass, respectively. On the basis of the finite element model, a beam–beam impact model is developed to study the vibro-impact responses of shrouded blades. By comparing the natural frequencies and vibration responses, the finite element model is verified by an analytical model. In addition, a test rig is also set up to compare the results obtained from simulation and experiment, and the influences of different parameters such as shroud gap, excitation amplitude, and excitation frequency on the vibro-impact response are analyzed by finite element model and experiment. The results obtained from finite element model and experimental model indicate that the impacts between adjacent shrouded blades weaken with the increase of the shroud gaps and excitation frequency, and the vibro-impact responses between shrouded blades become strong with the increasing excitation amplitude. The results also show that the second-order flexural vibration of blade is easier to be excited and the super-harmonic resonance phenomenon closed to the second-order flexural natural frequency is more significant than that at other flexural natural frequencies. The reason is that the position of the external force applied on shrouded blade accords with its second-order flexural vibration mode.
Machinability of titanium aluminides: A review
Authors: Castellanos SD , Cavaleiro AJ , Jesus AMP de , Neto R , Alves J Lino
Published: November 2018

Titanium aluminides are used in the aeronautical and automotive field as an alternative material to manufacture critical components exposed to high temperatures and corrosive environments. These alloys due to its intermetallic structure exhibit some special properties such as low density, high strength, high stiffness, corrosion resistance, and creep resistance. When these components are manufactured, surface integrity is one of the most relevant parameters used to evaluate the quality of the parts. Severe surface integrity problems are reported in the literature, defects such as microstructural alterations, work hardening, residual stresses, surface cracks, among others induced by the cutting process. The surface and sub-surface alteration induced by machining are critical because it will affect the parts performance. Some parameters affect the quality of machined surface. In particular cutting parameters, cutting tools material, tool wear and material properties are the most frequently investigated. Experimental and empirical studies are presented mainly in order to understand the surface integrity induced by machining. This paper provides an overview of the problems associated with the machining process of various types of titanium aluminides. The cutting tools, machining parameters, as well as processing parameters employed to improve machinability and reduce surface defects in titanium aluminides are analyzed and discussed. Particular focus was given to turning and milling process of gamma titanium aluminides. Also, some of the optimal parameters for machining titanium aluminides are presented offering a compilation of the most relevant information from the first to the most recent works that analyze the different aspects that affect the machining of these alloys.
Numerical simulation of compression and tensile tests on thermoplastics: A meshless approach
Authors: Rodrigues DES , Belinha J , Jorge RM Natal , Dinis LMJS
Published: November 2018

Thermoplastics, such as the polypropylene, often have different behaviours when subjected to traction or compression loads. Thermoplastics are also used in additive manufacturing processes, such as the fused filament fabrication, allowing to build complex structures possessing structural elements with an intricate internal architecture (foams and functionally graded material deposition). Thus, yield criterions have to be appropriately chosen in order to capture the homogenised material non-linear behaviour. In this work, polypropylene regular specimens are discretised and analysed assuming traction and compression tests. The non-linear elastoplastic analyses are performed considering three distinct discrete numerical approaches. Thus, the stress–strain curves obtained using two different meshless methods and the finite element method are compared with experimental data. In the end, a comparative study is performed between the results obtained using meshless methods and the finite element method, and the accuracy of the meshless methods is demonstrated.
Investigating the effect of electrode preheating in novel water-cooled advanced submerged arc welding process
Authors: Choudhary Ankush , Gupta Munish Kumar , Kumar Manoj
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a novel developed water-cooled advanced submerged arc welding (WASAW) process has been designed and established. The developed WASAW process can be utilized for higher preheating currents at 100% duty cycle. Subsequently, a multi-pass welding investigation has been carried out on AISI 1023 steel plates as per the L8 Taguchi orthogonal array by varying WASAW input factors namely voltage (V), wire feed rate (WFR), welding speed (WS), nozzle to plate distance (NPD), and preheat current (I), respectively. The relationships between selected WASAW process parameters and responses namely tensile strength (TS), yield strength (YS), percentage elongation (E), and weld metal hardness (H) has been established with statistical regression analysis and ANOVA method. Then, the effect of each input factor and their interactions on selected responses was analyzed using single effect and 3D surface plots. Lately, the fractography analysis of tensile fractured surfaces has been carried out to study the failure in all weld metals. Finally, Jaya and genetic algorithms have been applied to optimize the WASAW performance. Overall, the outcomes reveal that developed WASAW process yields a substantial enhancement in the mechanical behavior of all weld metals.
Microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stress distribution in pulsed tungsten inert gas welding of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn alloy
Authors: Junaid Massab , Khan Fahd Nawaz , Mirza Muhammad Rashid , Baig Mirza Nadeem
Published: November 2018

Pulsed tungsten inert gas welding with full penetration was performed on 1.6 mm thick Ti–5Al–2.5Sn alloy sheet. Hole-drill strain measurement method was employed to measure the distribution of residual stresses across the weld line. Tensile tests were performed on the specimens sectioned in transverse direction of the welded sample. The evolved microstructure in the welded zone was investigated by metallography and X-ray diffraction. Transverse residual stresses of tensile nature were present at different depths below the surface and decreased the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. However, this decrease was not dependent on the maximum value of transverse residual stress. Fracture location was found to be dependent on the micro-hardness profile and fracture took place in base metal where micro-hardness was the lowest. Furthermore, the presence of tensile residual stresses in the welded sample had no influence on the fractured surface morphology. Peak current and background current had a significant influence on the fusion zone width, heat-affected zone width, and fusion zone grain size.
What do New Zealand newspapers say about food tourism?
Authors: Fusté-Forné Francesc
Published: November 2018

Food and tourism are the largest industries in New Zealand. While the interfaces between food and tourism have been extensively studied during recent decades, media representations of food tourism still remain as an unexplored issue. This paper studies the coverage that New Zealand daily print media carries out with regard to food tourism. The method design is based on a discourse analysis, and it encompasses the six newspapers with major circulation across New Zealand. The study period runs from 2000 to 2016. Results reveal that media coverage of food tourism in New Zealand newspapers is focused on three topics: food culture, regional development and international practices.
Development of an accelerated artificial ageing method for the characterization of degradation products of antioxidants in lubricants by mass spectrometry
Authors: Kassler Alexander , Pittenauer Ernst , Doerr Nicole , Allmaier Guenter
Published: November 2018

The understanding of ageing mechanisms of antioxidants in base oils is indispensable for the development of improved lubricants. In this study, a novel artificial ageing method based on the application of peroxide as oxidant is presented for improved monitoring of thermo-oxidative degradation processes in combination with mass spectrometry. Model oils containing aminic and phenolic antioxidants were aged and chemical structures of their oxidation products were elucidated by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization high resolution (Orbitrap) mass spectrometry. Additionally, synergistic mixtures of four antioxidants were investigated, because the formation of condensed molecules from amines and phenols would have a major influence on the antioxidant potential but could not be detected in the bulk lubricant.
AR-glass/carbon-based textile-reinforced concrete elements for detecting water infiltration within cracked zones
Authors: Goldfeld Yiska , Perry Gali
Published: November 2018

The study examines the use of hybrid carbon-based textile-reinforced concrete elements with self-sensing capabilities to quantitatively detect wetting events within cracked zones. The self-sensory structural element combines the advantages of AR-glass and carbon-based textile-reinforced concrete for thin-walled structural elements with those stemming from the electrical properties of reinforced carbon rovings. The article investigates the sensitivity of sensory carbon rovings to distinguish between the magnitudes of various wetting events, which is associated with the severity of the cracking, according to two electrical setups (DC and AC circuits). The sensing concept takes advantage of the continuous configuration of the carbon rovings, which enables direct connection of the roving ends to the data acquisition system, and of the manufacturing process that two carbon rovings are placed adjacent to one another. Therefore, it is assumed that wetting events electrically short-circuit the two adjacent rovings. The sensitivity of the two electrical setups is experimentally investigated and performed on a couple of bared carbon rovings and on a cracked textile-reinforced concrete beam. Test results demonstrate the sensitivity of the sensing capabilities of the carbon rovings to detect and distinguish between the magnitudes of the wetting events and consequently the severity of the cracking.
Application of silicon carbide fibers as a sensor for low-velocity impact detection and localization
Authors: Kwon Hyunseok , Park Yurim , Shrestha Pratik , Kim Chun-Gon
Published: November 2018

In this study, silicon carbide fiber was proposed as a sensor for detection and localization of low-velocity impacts on composite structures. Semi-conductive silicon carbide fibers have excellent piezoresistivity and good mechanical properties, so their potential as a sensor for low-velocity impact detection and localization was investigated by attaching it on the surface of a composite panel. By measuring the resistance change of the silicon carbide fiber sensor due to low-velocity impacts on the composite material, impacts signals were obtained, and the resistance changes of the silicon carbide fiber sensor were acquired by conversion to voltage using a Wheatstone bridge circuit. The impact signals acquired using the silicon carbide fiber sensors were investigated to analyze the repeatability for impacts at the same location point and impact distinguishability at different points. Finally, impact localization based on a reference database using the silicon carbide fiber sensors attached to the composite panel was performed, and a total of 20 impacts were localized with an average error of 16.2 mm and a maximum error of 39.5 mm for a test section with planar dimensions of 200 mm × 200 mm.
Education for grandparents in longevity societies
Authors: Strom Robert D , Strom Paris S
Published: November 2018

What should grandparents be expected to learn in longevity societies experiencing rapid social transformation? Grounded theory was initially applied to identify assumptions, goals and curriculum. The Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory was developed to record the observations of grandparent attitudes and behaviours as seen by grandparents, parents and grandchildren. This research report describes (a) an educational intervention programme that confirmed grandparents are able to improve relationships with family members, (b) protocols for application by support groups of grandparents raising their grandchildren, (c) a model for education of assisted living residents with reliance on indigenous leadership, and (d) methods to determine strengths and learning needs grandparents in particular cultures have in common. Grandparent courses have been offered in public schools, universities, libraries, senior centres, and religious institutions and emphasize (a) conversation agenda for grandparents to explore with individual grandchildren and their parents, (b) awareness of the challenges parents encounter and ways to help them attain their goals, and (c) learning about grandchild experiences from infancy through early adulthood.
What Is an Ombudsperson? Global Diffusion, International Standardization, and Institutional Diversification
Authors: Dolan Norman J , Bennett Colin J
Published: November 2018

The global diffusion of administrative institutions such as the Ombudsperson office provides clues into wider questions of democratic development. Explanations of institutional diffusion tend to assume, however, that the essential character of the institution remains relatively stable. While the office of the Ombudsperson has become a potent symbol of administrative fairness and independence in defense of the individual against the powerful public agency or corporation, we show that the essential identity of this office has changed over time. As the number of agencies calling themselves ombudsmen has proliferated, the number of functions performed have diversified, shaping public perceptions and expectations. The article describes this pattern of institutional diversification into a widespread network of classical, executive, organizational, and advocacy ombudspersons. The institutional proliferation has led to processes of institutional standardization, and an increasing motivation to defend the ombudsman “brand” to justify its status and distinguish its place within different political and administrative systems.
Connecting Familismo and Higher Education: Influence of Spanish Language PFMO Programs on Latinx Family Involvement and Sense of Belonging
Authors: Witkowsky Patty , Obregon Victoria , Bruner Brett , Alanis Jennifer
Published: November 2018

Considering the collectivist culture and strong family connections in Latinx families, engaging parents and family members of new Latinx students in higher education is important to promote students’ persistence and completion of their degrees. Parent and family member orientation (PFMO) programs offered in Spanish provide a bridge between students’ families and the institution. This study focused on the perspectives related to involvement and sense of belonging following participation in a Spanish language PFMO program.
Initial Studies of Validity of the Children’s Occupational Performance Questionnaire
Authors: Mulligan Shelley E.
Published: November 2018

Studies of validity of a new caregiver report measure, the Children’s Occupational Performance Questionnaire (COPQ) designed to address children’s performance in the domains of personal and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), social participation, play/leisure, and education/work are presented. I examined criterion-related and discriminant validity of the COPQ. Criterion-related validity was addressed by correlating children’s COPQ scores with those from the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS-II). Quasi-experimental methods were used to compare COPQ scores from a heterogeneous group of children with disabilities with those from neurotypical children matched by age. COPQ scores correlated highly with scores from the VABS-II including social interaction, communication, daily living skills, and motor skills. Capacity of the COPQ to discriminate between children with and without disabilities varied dependent on age, and the occupational domain being considered. Preliminary support for the validity of COPQ as a measure of occupational performance for children was provided. Further study of the tool’s psychometrics and with larger samples is needed.
Response surface modeling of precision-guided fragmentation munitions
Authors: Ahner Darryl , McCarthy Andrew
Published: November 2018

The use of precision-guided artillery rounds has increased in recent years, but analytical models within simulations that enable effect analysis and tradeoff analysis between precision and conventional munitions are lacking. This paper develops an analytical model of precision-guided fragmentation munitions effects for low-resolution simulations. A modification of the commonly used Carlton Damage Function, called the Klopcic Hybrid approach, is implemented within a baseline simulation that addresses the Carlton Damage Function’s shortcomings and implementation issues. A designed experiment using a range of parameters accounting for many weapon types is then performed using a space filling design whose results are used in constructing an empirical model. The baseline simulation for the magnitude of target location error, a trait not normally modeled in simulations but critical in the determination of precision munition use, is addressed. A response surface is developed that analytically models the nonlinear behavior of the dependent variable. Defendable and traceable response functions are developed for varying precision munition types and target location error ranges that are flexible to a broad range of munition capabilities.
Random-forest-based failure prediction for hard disk drives
Authors: Shen Jing , Wan Jian , Lim Se-Jung , Yu Lifeng
Published: November 2018

Failure prediction for hard disk drives is a typical and effective approach to improve the reliability of storage systems. In a large-scale data center environment, the various brands and models of drives serve diverse applications with different input/output workload patterns, and non-ignorable differences exist in each type of drive failures, which make this mechanism much challenging. Although many efforts are devoted to this mechanism, the accuracy still needs to be improved. In this article, we propose a failure prediction method for hard disk drives based on a part-voting random forest, which differentiates prediction of failures in a coarse-grained manner. We conduct groups of validation experiments on two real-world datasets, which contain the SMART data of 64,193 drives. The experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve a better prediction accuracy than state-of-the-art methods.
Who owns Internet of Thing devices?
Authors: Jia Yuxuan , Han Bing , Li Qiang , Li Hong , Sun Limin
Published: November 2018

Although Internet of Things (IoT) has been recently receiving attention from the research community, undoubtedly, there still exists several privacy concerns about those devices. In particular, IoT devices in the cyberspace are reachable and visible through IP addresses. This article uniquely exploits to qualify the distribution of owner information of IoT devices based on the observation; consumers may write relevant details into the application-layer service on the IoT devices, such as company or usernames. We propose to automatically extract owner annotation by utilizing a set of techniques (network scanning, machine learning, and natural language processing). We use the probing and classifier to determine whether the response data come from an IoT device. The natural language-processing technique is used to extract owner information from IoT devices. We have conducted real-world experiments to evaluate our integrated approach empirically. The results show that the precision is 97% and the coverage is 96%. Furthermore, our approach is running on a more larger unlabeled dataset consisting of 93 million response packets from the whole IPv4 space. Our analysis has drawn upon nearly 4.3 million IoT devices exposed to the public, and it is a typical trail effect of the owner information distribution.
The study of the entropy generation in a thin film flow with variable fluid properties past over a stretching sheet
Authors: Gul Taza , Haleem Irfan , Ullah Ibrar , Khan Muhammad Altaf , Bonyah Ebenezer , Khan Idrees , Shuaib Muhammad
Published: November 2018

This research inspects the liquid film flow of the nanofluid in a permeable medium with the consequence of thermal radiation over a stretching sheet. The viscidness and thermal conduction of the nanofluid varies with temperature in such a manner that the thermal conductivity considered in direct relation while the viscosity considered inversely proportional to the temperature field. The invariable magnetic field applies vertically to the flow field in the existence of entropy generation. For the above-mentioned nanofluid study, Buongiorno’s model is used. The leading equations are changed into a set of third- and second-order nonlinear coupled differential equations. These nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved using the optimal approach of homotopy analysis method. The physical appearance of the modelled parameters based on the liquid film thickness is mainly focused. Furthermore, the influence of embedded parameters like variable viscosity parameter [Formula: see text] Prandtl number [Formula: see text] Schmidt number [Formula: see text] Brinkman number [Formula: see text] Brownian motion constraint [Formula: see text] thermophoresis constraint [Formula: see text] magnetic parameter [Formula: see text] thermal radiation parameter [Formula: see text] Reynolds number [Formula: see text] diffusion coefficient [Formula: see text] non-dimension temperature variation [Formula: see text] and non-dimension concentration variation [Formula: see text] is observed on the velocity pitch, temperature gradient and concentration sketch. The consequence of parameters due to entropy generation and Bejan number has also been observed in this work. The important physically quantities of skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and Sherwood number have also been studied. Residual error and optimal values have been calculated for the range of each physical parameter. The present work is compared with the published work and the comparison has been shown physically and numerically.
Heat exchange performance optimization of a wheel loader cooling system based on computational fluid dynamic simulation
Authors: Yu Chao , Qin Sicheng , Liu Yang , Chai Bosen
Published: November 2018

This study establishes a thermal management model to improve the heat exchange performance and uniformity of the flow-field distribution in the engine compartment of a wheel loader. Flow-field analyses are performed for an XG956 wheel loader in a virtual wind tunnel using the combined engine compartment thermal management model and computational fluid dynamics. The Fluent calculations revealed various problems. For example, the inlet flow rate at both sides of the engine compartment is small, which accounts for about 8.5% of the total flow, and the flow uniformity of radiator becomes worse with the increase in the air flow. The original cooling system is improved based on the simulation results and then verified by field testing. A comparison of the test data with the simulations indicates that the values obtained using the thermal management model of the engine compartment are largely in agreement with the experimental values, with a maximum deviation of the heat transfer rate at the rated speed of 5.1%. The research method presented in this article could further help to increase the productivity of the non-road mobile machinery cooling system and lower design costs. The temperature of pressurized air, hydraulic oil, transmission oil, and engine cooling fluid decreased by 22.5%, 8.7%, 2.2%, and 8.4% in the improved loader, respectively.
Seawater effects on static loads and interlayer cracking performance for polyvinyl chloride foam-cored sandwich composites
Authors: He Jian , Xie Dongyuan , Xue Qichao , Zhan Yangyang
Published: November 2018

The diffusion influence of seawater on the static and interlayer cracking properties of a polyvinyl chloride foam sandwich structure is investigated in this study. After soaking specimens in seawater for various durations, various comparison tests are performed to investigate the effects of seawater. Compression tests for H60 and H200 polyvinyl chloride foam specimens are conducted to study strength and modulus degradation, and the results show that immerging time and temperature have significant effects on polyvinyl chloride foam properties. Tensile tests for glass-fibre-reinforced plastic panels, four-point bending tests and double cantilever bending tests for polyvinyl chloride foam sandwich specimens are also performed. The results show that seawater immerging treatment has a noticeable influence on glass-fibre-reinforced plastic tensile properties and interlayer critical energy release rate values, but has almost no effect on bending properties of foam sandwich specimen. Furthermore, a rate-dependent phenomenon is observed in double cantilever bending tests, in which higher loading rate will lead to larger critical energy release values. Numerical simulation is also performed to illustrate the cracking process of double cantilever bending tests and shows a certain accuracy. The simulation also demonstrates that the viscoelasticity of foam material after immerging treatment results in the rate-dependent characterization of double cantilever bending tests.
A computational simulation study on the dynamic response of high-speed wheel–rail system in rolling contact
Authors: Ma Xiaoqi , Jing Lin , Han Liangliang
Published: November 2018

The dynamic wheel–rail responses during the rolling contact process for high-speed trains were investigated using the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA 971. The influence of train speed on the wheel–rail contact forces (including the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral forces), von Mises equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain, vertical acceleration of the axle, and the lateral displacement of the initial contact point on the tread, were examined and discussed. Simulation results show that the lateral and longitudinal wheel–rail contact forces are very smaller than the corresponding vertical contact forces, and they seem to be insensitive to train speed. The peak value of dynamic vertical wheel–rail contact force is approximately 2.66 times larger than the average quasi-static value. The elliptical wheel–rail contact patches have multiple stress extreme points due to the plastic deformation of the wheel tread and top surface of the rail. The vertical acceleration value of the axle in the steady condition is around ±5 m/s2 for the perfected wheel–rail system with the running speed below 300 km/h.
Nonlinear modeling and stability analysis of a pilot-operated valve-control hydraulic system
Authors: Wei Wei , Jian Hongchao , Yan Qingdong , Luo Xiaomei , Wu Xuhong
Published: November 2018

A nonlinear dynamic model is developed to analyze the stability of a pilot-operated valve-control hydraulic system. The dynamic model includes motion of the valve spool and fluid dynamics in the system. Characteristics such as pressure flow across the valve port and orifices, pressure, and flow rate in valve chambers are taken into consideration. Bifurcation analysis is proposed and examined by numerical simulation results when the feedback orifice diameter changes. The effects of different system parameters such as pilot-operating pressure, spring stiffness, and overlap of inlet port on the stability border of the system are studied by two-dimensional bifurcation analyses. The study identifies that bifurcation can occur in the system and lead to sustained self-excited vibration with parameters in certain region of the parameter space. It suggests that the vibration can be effectively predicted and prevented by selecting system parameters from the asymptotic stable parameter region.
When risks meet: The dance of experience, professional expertise and science in border security technology development
Authors: Degenhardt Teresa , Bourne Mike
Published: November 2018

As policing and threats become increasingly transnational and plural, practices of managing risk increasingly use technologies that promise certainty. Drawing on a study of the creation of a new border detection device, and ideas from Science and Technology Studies, we argue that devices deployed as objective tools for risk assessment and management in the policing of borders, and the laboratories that develop them, are not simply linear applications of scientific knowledge to control risk but rather are crucial sites in which multiple and contending conceptions and practices of risk converge. Following the interactions of scientists, border guards, policing agents and the EU shows how an official discourse of risk, a scientific conception and experiential working knowledge of risk all ‘danced’ together in the development of a portable detection device. In the process experiential/contextual and professional knowledge of risk were often privileged over rationalistic and statistically based risk assessment.
Omalizumab, the first available antibody for biological treatment of severe asthma: more than a decade of real-life effectiveness
Authors: Pelaia Corrado , Calabrese Cecilia , Terracciano Rosa , de Blasio Francesco , Vatrella Alessandro , Pelaia Girolamo
Published: November 2018

Omalizumab was the first, and for a long time the only available monoclonal antibody for the add-on treatment of severe allergic asthma. In particular, omalizumab selectively targets human immunoglobulin (Ig)E, forming small-size immune complexes that inhibit IgE binding to its high- and low-affinity receptors. Therefore, omalizumab effectively blunts the immune response in atopic asthmatic patients, thus significantly improving the control of asthma symptoms and successfully preventing disease exacerbations. These very positive effects of omalizumab make it possible to drastically decrease both referrals to the emergency room and hospitalizations for asthma exacerbations. Such important therapeutic actions of omalizumab have been documented by several randomized clinical trials, and especially by more than 10 years of real-life experience in daily clinical practice. Omalizumab can also interfere with airway remodelling by inhibiting the activation of IgE receptors located on structural cells such as bronchial epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells. Moreover, omalizumab is characterized by a very good safety and tolerability profile. Hence, omalizumab represents a valuable therapeutic option for the add-on biological treatment of severe allergic asthma.