bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rituximab dose-dependent infection risk in rheumatoid arthritis is not mediated through circulating immunoglobulins, neutrophils or B cells
Authors: Opdam Merel A A , de Leijer J H , den Broeder Nathan , Thurlings Rogier M , van der Weele Wilfred , Nurmohamed Michael T , Kok Marc R , van Bon Lenny , Ten Cate David F , Verhoef Lise M , den Broeder Alfons A
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Rituximab (RTX) is a safe and effective treatment for RA. A dose-dependent infection risk was found in the REDO trial. Some studies associate RTX use with higher infection risks, possibly explained by low immunoglobulin levels and/or neutropenia. Additionally, a higher infection risk shortly after RTX infusion is reported. The objectives of this study were (i) to compare incidence rates of infections between doses and over time, and (ii) to assess B-cell counts, immunoglobulin levels, neutrophil counts and corticosteroid/disease modifying rheumatic drug use as mediating factors between RTX study dose and infection risk.

Methods

Post hoc analyses of the REDO trial were performed. Infection incidence rates between RTX dosing groups and between time periods were compared using Poisson regression. A step-wise mediation analysis was performed to investigate if any of the factors mentioned above act as a mediator in the observed dose-dependent difference in infection risk.

Results

The potential mediators that were investigated (circulating B-cell counts, immunoglobulin levels, neutrophil counts and drug use) did not explain the dose-dependent infection risk observed in the REDO trial. Additionally, a trend towards a time-dependent infection risk was found, with higher infection rates shortly after RTX infusion.

Conclusions

These secondary analyses of the REDO trial confirmed the observed dose-dependent infection risk. Additionally, we found that infection risks were higher shortly after RTX infusion. However, a mediating pathway was not found.
DNA from macrophages induces fibrosis and vasculopathy through POLR3A/STING/type I interferon axis in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Liu Chaofan , Tang Jiaxuan , Luo Wei , Liu Shiying , Sun Xiaolei , Hong Wenxuan , Zhou Xing , Lu Jinghao , Li Ming , Zhu Lubing
Published: June 2022

Objective

To clarify the role of RNA polymerase III A (POLR3A)/type I IFN in the pathogenesis of SSc.

Methods

Cytosolic DNA and stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway in skin or serum of SSc patients were detected by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. DNA from human macrophages was transfected to SSc fibroblasts or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and then markers of POLR3A/STING pathway were detected by real-time qPCR, western blotting and confocal microscopy. After H151 treatment or knocking down POLR3A/STING, type I IFN response, monocytes adhesion and activation of fibroblasts and HUVECs were evaluated. Regulation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In bleomycin (BLM)-induced SSc mice, the effect of STING knockout or H151 on vasculopathy and fibrosis was assessed.

Results

Cytosolic DNA, colocalization of STING with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) or CD31 in the skin, and STING pathway in the serum of SSc patients were increased. Macrophage-derived DNA stimulated the translocation of POLR3A from nucleus to the perinuclear region near STING and activated POLR3A/STING/type I IFN response, monocytes adhesion and MCP-1 expression in fibroblasts/HUVECs and collagen overproduction of fibroblasts. The activated IRF3 bound to the promoter of MCP-1. STING deficiency or H151 administration ameliorated fibrosis and vasculopathy both in vitro and in BLM-induced SSc mice.

Conclusions

SSc presented increased DNA leakage and STING pathway activation. DNA from macrophages induced type I IFN signature of fibroblasts and ECs through POLR3A/STING pathway. Blocking POLR3A/STING axis provides a new therapeutic target for SSc.
Trajectories of depressive symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus over time
Authors: Chawla Seerat , Su Jiandong , Touma Zahi , Katz Patricia
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to determine the trajectories of depressive symptoms in patients with SLE and to identify baseline characteristics that are associated with a patient’s trajectory of depression.

Methods

Data from the Lupus Outcomes Study at the University of California, San Francisco were analysed. Depressive symptomatology was assessed in years two through seven using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), with higher scores representing more severe depressive symptoms. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to determine latent classes of CES-D scores over time. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to identify baseline characteristics associated with worse classes of depressive symptoms.

Results

CES-D scores for 763 individuals with SLE over 6 years were mapped into four distinct classes. Class 1 (36%) and class 2 (32%) comprised the largest proportion of the cohort and were defined by the lowest and low CES-D scores (no depression), respectively. Class 3 (22%) and class 4 (10%) had high and the highest scores (depression), respectively. Greater age [odds ratio (OR): 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99] and higher education level (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.89) at baseline were associated with lower odds of membership in worse classes of depressive symptoms. Conversely, lower income (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.92), worse SF-36 physical functioning scores (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.13) and worse SF-36 bodily pain scores (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.55, 1.61) were positively associated with membership in worse classes of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Four classes of depressive symptoms were identified in patients with SLE. Understanding the trajectories of depressive symptoms and the associated risk factors can aid in the management of these symptoms in individuals living with SLE.
Psychological Acceptance in Adults With Hearing Loss—Psychometric Evaluation and Validation of the Hearing Acceptance Questionnaire
Authors: Molander Peter , Andersson Gerhard , Hesser Hugo
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

Hearing loss is common and a major contributor to the global number of years lived with disability. An increasing number of studies have begun to consider the specific psychological processes by which distressing thoughts, emotional experiences and non-adaptive behaviours exert an influence on functioning and health among those who suffer from audiological disorders. Psychological acceptance has recently been proposed to be a core process but has to date not been systematically examined among individuals with hearing problems. This study examined the reliability, factor structure and the validity of the Hearing Acceptance Questionnaire (HAQ).

Design:

The HAQ was developed from similar questionnaires for other chronic health conditions and was evaluated using data from an online screening of hearing ability (N=1351). Measures included a hearing test (speech-in-noise), standardized and validated self-report measurements of anxiety and depression symptoms (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), hearing related disability (the Amsterdam Inventory of Hearing Disability and Handicap), and quality of life (the Quality of Life Inventory). Factor structure of the HAQ was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis, and the unique contribution of psychological acceptance in accounting for variance in hearing disability was examined by hierarchical multiple regression analyses.

Results:

Findings supported the reliability, factor structure and validity of the HAQ. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor model with one subscale measuring Avoidance with 9 items; alpha = 0.84) and the other Activity Engagement (3 items; alpha = 0.76). Both subscales of the HAQ explained unique variance in disability after hearing ability, depression and anxiety symptoms were statistically taken into account. Theoretical and clinical implications of psychological acceptance in adults with hearing problems are discussed.

Conclusions:

This paper evaluated the psychometric properties of a new measure of hearing loss acceptance, the HAQ, to measure psychological acceptance among individuals with hearing problems. Regression analysis revealed that lack of psychological acceptance was strongly positively correlated with hearing disability, even after accounting for other psychological factors and hearing ability. Taken together, the findings provide preliminary support for HAQ as a psychometrically sound measure of psychological acceptance among individuals with hearing problems.
Early Titration of Oxygen During Mechanical Ventilation Reduces Hyperoxemia in a Pilot, Feasibility, Randomized Control Trial for Automated Titration of Oxygen Levels
Authors: Pannu Sonal R. , Exline Matthew , Klamer Brett , Brock Guy , Crouser Elliott D. , Christman John W. , Diaz Philip
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVES:

Timely regulation of oxygen (Fio
2) is essential to prevent hyperoxemia or episodic hypoxemia. Exposure to excessive Fio
2 is often noted early after onset of mechanical ventilation. In this pilot study, we examined the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a clinical trial to prioritize Fio
2 titration with electronic alerts to respiratory therapists.

STUDY DESIGN:

Open-labeled, randomized control pilot trial.

SETTING:

Medical ICU.

SUBJECTS:

Adults requiring mechanical ventilation.

INTERVENTIONS:

Protocolized oxygen titration was initiated one hour after initiation of mechanical ventilation. When Spo2 exceeded 92% while on Fio2 ≥ 0.5, an electronic alert to respiratory therapists was triggered at 30-minute intervals. In the control arm, respiratory therapists titrated Fio
2 by standard physician’s orders.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

The primary end point was to determine if early Fio
2 titration based on automated alerts was feasible in terms of reducing hyperoxemia. Secondary analyses included the number and frequency of alerts, mechanical ventilation duration, and ICU length of stay. Among 135 randomized patients, 72 were assigned to the intervention arm and 63 to the control arm. A total 877 alerts were sent. Exposure to hyperoxemia was significantly reduced in the intervention group by a median of 7.5 hours (13.7 [interquartile range (IQR), 2.9–31.1] vs 21.2 [IQR, 10.9–64.4]; p < 0.0004). Maximal Fio
2 titration during the first quartile resulted in significant reduction in mechanical ventilation duration and ICU stay. Minor hypoxemic events (Spo
2 < 88%) represented 12% of alerts, 9% were transient and responded to a single Fio
2 increase, whereas 3% of alerts were associated with recurrent transient hypoxemia.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our pilot study indicates that early Fio
2 titration driven by automated alerts is feasible in the ICU, as reflected by a statistically significant reduction of hyperoxemia exposure, limited consequential hypoxemia, and reduced ICU resource utilization. The encouraging results of this pilot study need to be validated in a larger ICU cohort.
Research Letter: Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Disease Duration on Neuropsychological Functioning After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Veterans Affairs TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Silva Marc A. , Lee Jaylene M. , Garcia Amanda , Dams-O'Connor Kristen , Nakase-Richardson Risa
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To examine the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) disease duration and cognitive functioning in those with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesized that longer OSA duration would predict poorer cognitive performance.

Setting:

Inpatient brain injury units at a Veterans Affairs (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center.

Participants:

Participants in the VA TBI Model Systems multicenter longitudinal study who enrolled in a modular substudy (April 15, 2018, to January 15, 2021) examining cognition following TBI. All participants had received inpatient rehabilitation for TBI and reported a diagnosis of OSA (n = 89, mean age = 40.8 years, 97% male, 81% White). Reported duration of OSA ranged from 2 to 7 years (mean = 4.2; SD = 3.9).

Design:

Retrospective analysis of prospective cohort, cross-sectional.

Main Measures:

Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT).

Results:

Controlling for age, education, and time to follow commands, OSA disease duration was negatively associated with delayed verbal memory (R
2
Δ = 0.053, F
(1,84) = 5.479, P = .022). Performance in other cognitive domains was not significantly associated with OSA disease duration.

Conclusion:

This study provides preliminary evidence that longer duration of OSA (ie, time since diagnosis) has a negative impact on verbal memory in those with a history of hospitalized TBI. This finding extends the literature (which focused on the general population) on the cognitive impact of OSA and is consistent with hypothesized mechanisms such as hippocampal damage and secondary impact of fatigue. Findings suggest that early OSA identification and treatment may be prudent for persons with TBI.
Associations of Preexisting Vascular Risk Factors With Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study
Authors: Schneider Andrea L. C. , Barber Jason , Temkin Nancy , Gardner Raquel C. , Manley Geoffrey , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Sandsmark Danielle
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To evaluate associations of preinjury vascular risk factors with traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes.

Setting:

The level 1 trauma center-based Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) Study.

Participants:

A total of 2361 acute TBI patients 18 years or older who presented to the emergency department within 24 hours of head trauma warranting clinical evaluation with a noncontrast head CT between February 26, 2014, and August 8, 2018.

Design:

A multicenter prospective cohort study.

Main Measures:

Vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking) were assessed at baseline by self- or proxy-report and chart review. The primary outcome was the 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended TBI version (GOSE-TBI). Secondary 6-month outcomes included the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory Global Severity Index (BSI-18-GSI).

Results:

Mean age of participants was 42 years, 31% were women, and 16% were Black. Current smoking was the most common vascular risk factor (29%), followed by hypertension (17%), diabetes (8%), and hyperlipidemia (6%). Smoking was the only risk factor associated with worse scores on all 4 outcome indices. Hypertension and diabetes were associated with worse RPQ scores, and hypertension was associated with worse BSI-18-GSI scores (all P < .05). Compared with individuals with no vascular risk factors, individuals with 1 but not 2 or more vascular risk factors had significantly worse GOSE-TBI and SWLS scores, while a higher burden of vascular risk factors was significantly associated with worse RPQ and BSI-18-GSI scores.

Conclusion:

Our study found that preinjury vascular risk factors, especially smoking, are associated with worse outcomes after TBI. Aggressive postinjury treatment of vascular risk factors may be a promising strategy to improve TBI outcomes.
Family Needs After Traumatic Brain Injury: A VA TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Finn Jacob A. , Klocksieben Farina A. , Smith Austin N. , Bernstein John , O'Neil-Pirozzi Therese M. , Kreutzer Jeff S. , Sander Angelle M. , Dreer Laura E. , Niemeier Janet P. , Cotner Bridget A. , Nakase-Richardson Risa
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To describe the self-reported needs of family caregivers of service members and veterans (SMVs) who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to identify predictors of the unmet family caregiver needs.

Setting:

Five Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers (PRCs).

Participants:

Family caregivers of SMVs enrolled in the VA PRC TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) national database who were within their first 5 years post-TBI (n = 427).

Design:

Observational study.

Main Outcome Measure:

The Family Needs Questionnaire-Revised (FNQ-R) was completed by each SMV's designated caregiver.

Analyses:

Descriptive analyses were conducted on the FNQ-R responses at the item, domain, and total score levels. Unadjusted univariable and adjusted multivariable regression models were fitted to identify predictors of total unmet needs and unmet family need domains.

Results:

FNQ-R item-level and domain-level descriptive results indicated that health information was the most frequently met need domain. In contrast, emotional and instrumental support domains were the least often met. On average, family caregivers reported that 59.2% of the 37 FNQ-R needs were met at the time of the follow-up assessment. Regression models indicated that both the number of SMV-perceived environmental barriers and whether the SMV received mental health treatment within the past year predicted the number of unmet FNQ-R needs. SMV-reported environmental barriers predicted increased unmet needs in all 6 family caregiver domains, and SMV mental health treatment in the past year predicted more unmet family caregiver emotional support, community support, and professional support needs.

Conclusions:

The current findings can be used to inform policy and programming for VA and Department of Defense to proactively address the specific needs of families and caregivers experienced in the first 5 years post-TBI.
Psychometrics of the Multiple Sclerosis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Knowledge Patient Questionnaire: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ben-Zacharia Aliza Bitton , Blessing Opeyemi , Eckardt Patricia A.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: In the last few decades, the revised diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) and the development of numerous new MS therapies have created the possibility of early diagnosis and opportune MS management. However, these changes, and the mounting emphasis on patient choice and shared decision making, have not been accompanied by improvements in information provided to patients with MS (PwMS). Information provision for PwMS increases disease-related knowledge that may assist them in decision making and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to validate the Multiple Sclerosis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Knowledge Questionnaire (MSMRIKQ) to improve patients' shared decision-making capabilities. METHODS: In this methodological study, the instrument development process was completed in 4 stages using principles of measurement theory: (1) establishing a pool of items after patient and clinician panels' review, (2) evaluating the validity of the scale—both face and content validity, (3) pilot testing the scale, and (4) post–pilot testing statistical analysis of items and scale reliability and validity. RESULTS: The 20-item instrument was finalized based on a panel of MS experts' and patients' comments. The final version of the MSMRIKQ was pilot tested with a sample of 46 PwMS. Face validity was established on all MSMRIKQ items. Individual item-level and scale-level content validity indices for universal agreement estimates were acceptable at item-level content validity index = 1 and scale-level content validity index = 1 for the 20 items. The Kuder-Richardson 20 reliability estimate for the entire scale was 0.58; the Kuder-Richardson 20 estimates for the subscales of MS and magnetic resonance imaging knowledge were 0.35 and 0.51, respectively. The split-half reliability with Spearman-Brown correction for the total scale was 0.60. The Poisson regression model was significant for predicting MS knowledge within this population. CONCLUSION: The MSMRIKQ is a basic knowledge instrument for clinical and research use.
A bibliometric analysis of research on herbal medicine for obesity over the past 20 years
Authors: Seo Yeonho , Park Han-Song , Kim Hyungsuk , Kim Koh-Woon , Cho Jae-Heung , Chung Won-Seok , Song Mi-Yeon
Published: June 2022

Background:

The aim of this study was to analyze published papers on the use of herbal medicine in obesity research over the past 20 years using bibliometric methods and present an overview of global research trends.

Methods:

English articles on herbal medicine for obesity published from 2001 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database using the search terms “herbal” AND “obesity”. Microsoft Office Excel was used to sort and analyze the statistical data. Bibliographic analysis and data visualization were performed using visualization of similarities viewer based on publication year, country of publication, journal, research area, author, affiliated institution, and keywords.

Results:

A total of 463 English articles were retrieved, and we observed a trend in which the number of publications on herbal medicine for obesity has gradually increased over the past 20 years. The most productive countries and research organizations in this field were Korea and Kyunghee University, respectively. Many papers have been published in research areas, such as pharmacology pharmacy and integrative complementary medicine, and the journals with the most published articles in this field were Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The main research keywords formed 3 clusters, and keywords with the most occurrences were “obesity,” “adipose-tissue,” and “insulin resistance.”

Conclusion:

This study presents an overview of the global research trend of herbal medicine for obesity from the bibliographic analysis. An increased understanding of the recently changing research topics provides a new perspective on future research directions. This study may help guide the research in the field of obesity in the future.
Development of a Novel Scar Screening System with Machine Learning
Authors: Ito Hiroyuki , Nakamura Yutaka , Takanari Keisuke , Oishi Mayumi , Matsuo Keitaro , Kanbe Miki , Uchibori Takafumi , Ebisawa Katsumi , Kamei Yuzuru
Published: June 2022

Background:

Hypertrophic scars and keloids tend to cause serious functional and cosmetic impediments to patients. As these scars are not life threatening, many patients do not seek proper treatment. Thus, educating physicians and patients regarding these scars is important. The authors aimed to develop an algorithm for a scar screening system and compare the accuracy of the system with that of physicians. This algorithm was designed to involve health care providers and patients.

Methods:

Digital images were obtained from Google Images (Google LLC, Mountain View, Calif.), open access repositories, and patients in the authors’ hospital. After preprocessing, 3768 images were uploaded to the Google Cloud AutoML Vision platform and labeled with one of the four diagnoses: immature scars, mature scars, hypertrophic scars, and keloid. A consensus label for each image was compared with the label provided by physicians.

Results:

For all diagnoses, the average precision (positive predictive value) of the algorithm was 80.7 percent, the average recall (sensitivity) was 71 percent, and the area under the curve was 0.846. The algorithm afforded 77 correct diagnoses with an accuracy of 77 percent. Conversely, the average physician accuracy was 68.7 percent. The Cohen kappa coefficient of the algorithm was 0.69, while that of the physicians was 0.59.

Conclusions:

The authors developed a computer vision algorithm that can diagnose four scar types using automated machine learning. Future iterations of this algorithm, with more comprehensive accuracy, can be embedded in telehealth and digital imaging platforms used by patients and primary doctors. The scar screening system with machine learning may be a valuable support tool for physicians and patients.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Diagnostic, II.
The linear framework: using graph theory to reveal the algebra and thermodynamics of biomolecular systems
Authors: Nam Kee-Myoung , Martinez-Corral Rosa , Gunawardena Jeremy
Published: June 2022

The linear framework uses finite, directed graphs with labelled edges to model biomolecular systems. Graph vertices represent biochemical species or molecular states, edges represent reactions or transitions and labels represent rates. The graph yields a linear dynamics for molecular concentrations or state probabilities, with the graph Laplacian as the operator, and the labels encode the nonlinear interactions between system and environment. The labels can be specified by vertices of other graphs or by conservation laws or, when the environment consists of thermodynamic reservoirs, they may be constants. In the latter case, the graphs correspond to infinitesimal generators of Markov processes. The key advantage of the framework has been that steady states are determined as rational algebraic functions of the labels by the Matrix-Tree theorems of graph theory. When the system is at thermodynamic equilibrium, this prescription recovers equilibrium statistical mechanics but it continues to hold for non-equilibrium steady states. The framework goes beyond other graph-based approaches in treating the graph as a mathematical object, for which general theorems can be formulated that accommodate biomolecular complexity. It has been particularly effective at analysing enzyme-catalysed modification systems and input–output responses.
Spatiotemporal bias of the human gaze toward hierarchical visual features during natural scene viewing
Authors: Akamatsu Kazuaki , Nishino Tomohiro , Miyawaki Yoichi
Published: June 2022

The human gaze is directed at various locations from moment to moment in acquiring information necessary to recognize the external environment at the fine resolution of foveal vision. Previous studies showed that the human gaze is biased to particular locations in the visual field at a particular timing, but it remains unclear what visual features produce such spatiotemporal bias. In this study, we used a deep convolutional neural network model to extract hierarchical visual features from natural scene images and evaluated how much the human gaze is attracted to the visual features in space and time. Eye movement measurement and visual feature analysis using the deep convolutional neural network model showed that the gaze was strongly attracted to spatial locations containing higher-order visual features than lower-order visual features and conventional saliency. Analysis of the gaze time course revealed that the bias to higher-order visual features was prominent within a short period after the beginning of observation of the natural scene images. These results demonstrate that higher-order visual features are a strong gaze attractor in both space and time, suggesting that the human visual system uses foveal vision resources to extract information from higher-order visual features with higher spatiotemporal priority.
Transcriptome-wide analysis suggests piRNAs preferentially recognize the coding region of mRNAs in C. elegans
Authors: Wu Wei-Sheng , Brown Jordan S. , Shiue Sheng-Cian , Lee Dong-En , Zhang Donglei , Lee Heng-Chi
Published: June 2022

Background

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) protect genome integrity by silencing transposon mRNAs and some endogenous mRNAs in various animals. However, C. elegans piRNAs fail to trigger gene silencing at many sequence-based predicted targeting sites.

Results

To gain insights into the mechanisms that control piRNA silencing capability, we compared the transcriptome-wide predicted piRNA targeting sites to the in vivo piRNA binding sites. Surprisingly, while predicted piRNA targeting sites are enriched in 3’ UTRs, we found that C. elegans piRNAs preferentially bind to coding regions (CDS) of target mRNAs, leading to preferential production of secondary silencing small RNAs in the CDS. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that Argonaute protein CSR-1 protects mRNAs from piRNA silencing through two distinct mechanisms – by inhibiting piRNA binding across the entire CSR-1 targeted transcript, and by inhibiting secondary silencing small RNA production locally at CSR-1 bound sites. However, CSR-1 is not responsible for the piRNA binding preference for the CDS.

Conclusions

Our work identifies the CDS as the critical region that is uniquely competent for piRNA silencing in C. elegans. We speculate that the preference for CDS recognition by piRNAs may represent a mechanism to counteract the evolution of foreign protein-coding RNAs that evade piRNA surveillance.
When is a law firm liable for a data breach? An exploration into the legal liability of ransomware and cybersecurity
Authors: Teichmann Fabian Maximilian Johannes , Wittmann Chiara
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The threat of cybercrime is pervasive. Corporations cannot be convinced, out of sheer luck or naïve conviction, that they will remain unaffected. When targeted, the stark reality is that a company also incurs a liability risk. This paper aims to explore the boundaries of liability resulting from a data breach and privacy concerns according to the emerging regulations on cybersecurity.

Design/methodology/approach

The nature of cybercrime and its constant evolution is analysed as a threat of liability. Its distinctly modern developments require consideration. In response to the threat of hackers, the protection that a corporation can invoke is also considered as a mitigating factor in ascribing liability.

Findings

Preventative steps to protect a corporation from cyberthreats must remain a consistent priority in the running of a company. The influence of human behaviour has become a foreseeable element in cybersecurity and as such the management of unreliable user behaviour is a key determining factor in ascribing liability in hindsight.

Originality/value

Foresight is everything in the prevention of cyberattacks. Cyberattacks can no longer be dismissed as an unlikely eventuality. Legislation on data security and data privacy is demanding higher standards of preventative action, under the duty of care to stakeholders. There is a substantial literature deficit on data security and data liability regulations in light of the liability risk incurred by cyberattacks.
An empirical study of collection assessment based on the quality–utility–value theory
Authors: Ping An
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to build a more scientific and refined collection assessment indicator system and examine the state of the collections, and adjusting collection development planning.

Design/methodology/approach

To analyze the weaknesses in the current assessment indicator system, advance the quality–utility–value Theory of collection assessment, introduce the advantages of the theory, use it to construct a collection assessment indicator system and clarify the content of each assessment indicator.

Findings

Empirical analysis of the foreign language collection of the National Library of China verified the scientific nature and feasibility of the assessment indicator system based on the quality–utility–value Theory.

Research limitations/implications

The indicator system should be more detailed according to the needs, and the scoring standard can be clearer.

Practical implications

According to the quality–utility–value Theory or based on such an assessment indicator system, libraries can build an indicator system related to their own libraries.

Social implications

Building a good collection assessment, it is very important In today’s library tight funds, after the outbreak of COVID-19. With the value dimension, the collection assessment of the library is more objective, comprehensive and three-dimensional.

Originality/value

This paper considers how to construct a collection assessment indicator system with the new theory, the quality–utility–value Theory; it is three-dimensional. Well, the collection value is not clearly measured and expressed in the indicator system before. Using this theory, this paper makes an empirical study on the evaluation of the foreign language collection of the National Library of China.
Historical context modifies plant diversity–community productivity relationships in alpine grassland
Authors: Luo Shan , Bardgett Richard D. , Schmid Bernhard , Johnson David , Png Kenny , Schaffner Urs , Zhou Huakun , Yao Buqing , Hou Xiangyang , Ostle Nicholas J.
Published: June 2022

While most studies yield positive relationships between biodiversity (B) and ecosystem functioning (EF), awareness is growing that BEF relationships can vary with ecological context. The awareness has led to increased efforts to understand how contemporary environmental context modifies BEF relationships, but the role of historical context, and the mechanisms by which it may influence biodiversity effects, remains poorly understood.

We examined how historical context alters plant diversity–community productivity relationships via plant species interactions in alpine grassland. We also tested how historical context modifies interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which can potentially mediate the above processes.

We studied biodiversity effects on plant community productivity at two grassland sites with different histories related to grazing intensity—heavy versus light livestock grazing—but similar current management. We assembled experimental communities of identical species composition with plants from each of the two sites in disturbed soil from a contemporary heavily grazed grassland, ranging in species richness from one to two, three and six species. Moreover, we carried out a mycorrhizal hyphae‐exclusion experiment to test how plant interactions with AM fungi influence plant responses to historical context.

We detected a significantly positive diversity–productivity relationship that was driven by complementarity effects in communities composed of plants from the site without heavy‐grazing history, but no such relationship in plant communities composed of plants from the site with heavy‐grazing history. Plants from the site with heavy‐grazing history had increased competitive ability and increased yields in low‐diversity communities but disrupted complementarity effects in high‐diversity communities. Moreover, plants of one species from the site with heavy‐grazing history benefitted more from AM fungal communities than did plants from the site without such history.

Synthesis. Using the same experimental design and species, communities assembled by plants from two sites with different historical contexts showed different plant diversity–community productivity relationships. Our results suggest that historical context can alter plant diversity–community productivity relationships via plant species interactions and potentially plant–soil interactions. Therefore, considering historical contexts of ecological communities is of importance for advancing our understanding of long‐term impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on ecosystem functioning.
Once a caesarean: Prediction of pelvic floor injury is needed
Authors: Brismar Wendel Sophia
Published: June 2022

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Perslev et al., pp. 1961–1968 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17227
Is there a sex gap in outcomes of comparable patients supported with left ventricular assist devices?
Authors: Li Tong , Mariani Silvia , Bounader Karl , Boethig Dietmar , Schöde Alexandra , Homann Katharina , Hanke Jasmin S. , Napp L. Christian , Merzah Ali Saad , Dogan Guenes , Haverich Axel , Schmitto Jan D.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Historically, females were described as suffering from worse outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. However, females' preoperative conditions are unique, making direct comparisons with males challenging. This study aimed to select through propensity score (PS) matching two preoperatively comparable populations of females and males and test if any real sex‐related difference exists regarding survival and adverse events after LVAD implantation.

Methods

This retrospective single‐center observational study investigated patients who received LVAD implantation between 2010 and 2018. PS matching was applied to balance preoperative heterogeneity between males and females. Primary endpoint was survival at follow‐up. Secondary endpoints included perioperative outcomes and LVAD‐related adverse events.

Results

92 fully comparable females(n = 46) and males(n = 46) were selected after PS matching (median age:57 years, min–max:18–75). 26.1% of patients required preoperative mechanical circulatory support. Females needed more intraoperative fresh frozen plasma (p < 0.001) and platelets transfusions (p = 0.008) compared to males, but postoperative outcomes were comparable between groups. In‐hospital, 1 and 2‐year survival were 78.3%, 69.6% and 65.2%, respectively, with no differences between groups. Survival probability remained comparable up to 8 years of follow‐up (p = 0.35). Overall, females showed a higher rate of strokes (p = 0.039) compared to males in the follow‐up time.

Conclusions

After reducing preoperative heterogeneity between females and males, survival after LVAD implantation does not differ based on sex. However, differences might exist in terms of higher transfusions and strokes in females. Reducing preoperative sex disparities and developing intraoperative and anticoagulation strategies which acknowledge sex‐related variations might help abolishing differences in LVAD outcomes.
‘It was doing my head in’: Low‐paid multiple employment and zero hours work
Authors: Smith Andrew , McBride Jo
Published: June 2022

This article explores the lived experiences and working time complexities of low‐paid workers in legitimate multiple employment and zero hours work. Based on detailed qualitative research, these workers have 2, 3, 4, 5 and even 7 different jobs out of necessity due to low‐pay, unpredictable working hours and employment precarity. The research reveals that workers need to be available for (potential) work at any point but may not actually be offered any hours, which we argue constitutes unremunerated labour time. The findings highlight a densification of working time with zero hours work as employers maximize productive effort into specifically numbered, demarcated and minimized working hours, which tightens the porosity of labour. There is a dual fragmentation and individualization of employment, as these workers traverse multiple, expansive, complex and dynamic temporalities of work. This study identifies new economic and temporal indeterminacies of labour, which fundamentally transform the employment relationship and wage‐effort bargain.
Assessing the feasibility of a web‐based outcome measurement system in child and adolescent mental health services – myHealthE a randomised controlled feasibility pilot study
Authors: Morris Anna C. , Ibrahim Zina , Heslin Margaret , Moghraby Omer S. , Stringaris Argyris , Grant Ian M. , Zalewski Lukasz , Pritchard Megan , Stewart Robert , Hotopf Matthew , Pickles Andrew , Dobson Richard J. B. , Simonoff Emily , Downs Johnny
Published: June 2022

Background

Interest in internet‐based patient reported outcome measure (PROM) collection is increasing. The NHS myHealthE (MHE) web‐based monitoring system was developed to address the limitations of paper‐based PROM completion. MHE provides a simple and secure way for families accessing Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services to report clinical information and track their child's progress. This study aimed to assess whether MHE improves the completion of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) compared with paper collection. Secondary objectives were to explore caregiver satisfaction and application acceptability.

Methods

A 12‐week single‐blinded randomised controlled feasibility pilot trial of MHE was conducted with 196 families accessing neurodevelopmental services in south London to examine whether electronic questionnaires are completed more readily than paper‐based questionnaires over a 3‐month period. Follow up process evaluation phone calls with a subset (n = 8) of caregivers explored system satisfaction and usability.

Results

MHE group assignment was significantly associated with an increased probability of completing an SDQ‐P in the study period (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 12.1, 95% CI 4.7–31.0; p = <.001). Of those caregivers' who received the MHE invitation (n = 68) 69.1% completed an SDQ using the platform compared to 8.8% in the control group (n = 68). The system was well received by caregivers, who cited numerous benefits of using MHE, for example, real‐time feedback and ease of completion.

Conclusions

MHE holds promise for improving PROM completion rates. Research is needed to refine MHE, evaluate large‐scale MHE implementation, cost effectiveness and explore factors associated with differences in electronic questionnaire uptake.
Weighing in on COVID‐19: The impact of the pandemic on children and adolescents with obesity participating in a weight management program
Authors: Patel Barkha P. , Sathiyamoorthy Thrmiga , Giruparajah Mohana , Toulany Alene , Hamilton Jill K.
Published: June 2022

Background

COVID‐19 mitigation measures, including closures of schools and recreational facilities and alterations in eating behaviours and physical activity, may impact weight.

Objective

To examine changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents with obesity participating in an obesity treatment program before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

Body weight and BMI at baseline and 6 months were recorded for the ‘historic’ cohort (females = 34, males = 21) before the pandemic (November 1, 2018, to March 18, 2020) and for the ‘pandemic’ cohort (females = 30, males = 30) during the pandemic (March 19, 2020 to July 31, 2021). Analyses were adjusted for baseline weight/BMI, age, and ON‐Marg score, a measure of the social determinants of health.

Results

In males, body weight (98.29 versus 89.28 kg, p < 0.001) and BMI (36.46 versus 34.85 kg/m2, p = 0.027) were greater in the pandemic compared with historic cohort. In females, body weight (p = 0.769) and BMI (p = 0.548) were not different between the two cohorts.

Conclusion

The COVID‐19 pandemic may have diminished the health impacts of a weight management program, particularly in males, leading to increased body weight and BMI.
The significant transformation of life into health and beauty in metaverse era
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han
Published: June 2022

Background

In 2019, coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) continues, and it is evolving and starting again. It is a situation to keep in mind that now is the era of With Corona (WC) and Long‐COVID. “WC” will be a transformation of the quarantine system. The current situation is associated with health and beauty. Sustainability of healthy beauty is giving new meaning to well‐being and well‐dying.

Objectives

Therefore, in this study, we empirically analyzed the changes in the perception of health and beauty among cosmetic consumers in the metaverse, which are recently becoming an issue in the WC era.

Methods

It was created by searching keywords such as “With Corona,” “Health,” “Life Beauty,” “Customized inner beauty,” “Customized cosmetics,” “Metaverse,” “DTC GT,” etc. This study was conducted with reference to PubMed, Google Scholar, Riss, Scopus, and ResearchGate. Accordingly, a total of 472 papers were researched, and among them, 32 papers, which are the focus of the study, were finally included in this study.

Results

As the era of WC changes, a new paradigm of converting the customer experience of the beauty market into a metaverse will be beginning. Accordingly, it is necessary to pay attention to changes in the cosmetic industry by reflecting the needs of consumers.

Conclusion

It is necessary to create a new mobile platform that encompasses three‐dimensional health and beauty life using direct‐to‐customer genetic testing (DTC GT) with Web 3.0 in the metaverse that integrates life health and beauty in the WC era. Accordingly, it is expected that this article will be used as an invaluable marketing material in preparation for new changes in the metaverse cosmetics market in the future by clearly understanding the needs of consumers in the cosmetics industry, which are changing as they transformation to WC era.
Diet of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in southern Spanish waters
Authors: Saavedra Camilo , García‐Polo Manuel , Giménez Joan , Mons José Luis , Castillo Juan José , Fernández‐Maldonado Carolina , de Stephanis Renaud , Pierce Graham John , Santos María Begoña
Published: June 2022

Identifiable food remains were analyzed from 46 stomachs of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded in southern Spain between 2007 and 2014. Results suggest that the species feeds mainly on mesopelagic and neritic fish, but also on oceanic squids. Fish species of the family Myctophidae were the main prey in terms of numerical importance and reconstructed prey weight (62% N and 29% W), followed by squids of the family Ommastrephidae (20% W) and bogue (Boops boops) (15% W). The most important prey taxa according to the General Importance Index (GII) were C. maderensis, Ommastrephidae gen. spp., Notoscopelus spp., and M. punctatum. Higher number of mesopelagic myctophids were found in dolphins from the Mediterranean (73% vs. 29% N), while more demersal gobiids and European hake (Merluccius merluccius) were found in those from the Atlantic (44% vs. 1% and 8% vs. <1% N), where a more varied diet was also observed. Differences were also seen in the seasonal importance of some prey, as well as between years, sexes, and maturity states. The diet composition suggests that most of feeding occurred in oceanic regions, during twilight and night hours, while the observed dietary variation may reflect differences in topography, and changes in the prey availability.
Progressive Adolescent Idiopathic Cervical Kyphosis Secondary to Constant Postural Neck Flexion Reading Habit with a 10‐year Follow‐up: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Lianlei , Ibrahim Yakubu , Tian Yonghao , Yuan Suomao , Liu Xinyu
Published: June 2022

Background

Although it has been established that adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis (AICK) has no known cause, there are associated risk factors. However, the underlying causes remain puzzling. This case report presents severe AICK linked to chronic neck flexion postural habit, treated with combined anterior and posterior correction surgery and review of the literature.

Case presentation

A 16‐year‐old male with no history of trauma, surgery, or family history of spinal deformity complained of intolerable neck pain and rigidity. He developed an incessant reading of comic books at a very young age, and he preferred placing the book on the floor with his head flexed between his thighs. Acupuncture and massage therapy failed to relief symptoms. He had no neurological symptoms on examination and X‐ray showed Cobb angle of 70.5°. MRI and CT scans showed no spinal cord compression or osteophyte formation. A combined anterior and posterior correction surgery was performed after a week of skull traction. The deformity was corrected, neck pain disappeared, and neck rotatory function maintained after posterior implant removal. The maximum follow‐up was 10 years.

Conclusions

The potential underlying risk factor observed in this case is unusual. Chronic neck flexion postural habit is a potential risk factor of severe AICK in some individuals.