bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete resolution of long pedunculated thrombus of the proximal ascending aorta following conservative management: an interesting case
Authors: Prasad Surya Nandan , Singh Vivek , Selvamurugan Vignesh , Phadke Rajendra Vishnu
Published: March 2021

We report a case of a 60-year-old woman who presented clinically with symptoms of acute embolic stroke. On workup with MRI, carotid Doppler and subsequent CT angiography, a long pedunculated mobile thrombus was seen with the base of the thrombus attached to the ascending aorta and the tip protruding into the left common carotid artery. She was advised urgent cardiovascular surgery consultation; however, she preferred medical management over surgery. She was put on dual antiplatelet therapy. On follow-up after 6 months, there was complete resolution of the thrombus.
Result of delayed repair of quadriceps muscle following a sharp cut injury
Authors: Nag Hira Lal , Jain Gunjar , Nayak Mayur , Goyal Archit
Published: March 2021

We herewith report a case of a 22-year-old man who suffered from a transverse laceration of the quadriceps muscle. The patient presented to us after 3 months of the injury with an inability to extend the knee. We undertook a surgical repair of the muscle tear using the modified Mason-Allen technique and a polypropylene mesh augmentation. To the best of our knowledge, the use of polypropylene mesh for repair augmentation of mid-substance tear of quadriceps muscle has never been described in the literature. The patient had achieved a full active knee extension at 9 months following the surgery. At 3 years of follow-up, the patient has maintained the movements and strength of the knee. He has no functional limitations and is satisfied with the outcome. Thus, the middle term results are good and the treatment is promising.
Vesico-vaginal fistula presenting as overactive bladder in a case of Gellhorn pessary for vault prolapse
Authors: Bhat Mamta , Acharya Santanu , Agur Wael
Published: March 2021

An 81-year-old woman with early dementia was on a regular follow-up for change of Gellhorn pessary every 6 months for vault prolapse. She presented with frequency and urgency for 10 months duration 5 years into conservative management. Her symptoms did not improve on anticholinergics and lifestyle modifications. She underwent an opportunistic change of pessary under general anaesthesia coincidental to scalp wound debridement. On removal of the pessary, a gush of urine was noted followed by confirmation of a large vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF). In the initial period of follow-up, she was reviewed by the urogynaecology team and considered to be a poor surgical candidate for a major surgical procedure and was offered conservative measures with incontinence pads and possible indwelling catheter. Serious complications like fistulae can still occur despite well-managed pessary treatment. Earlier presentation with overactive bladder symptoms masked the VVF resulting in delayed diagnosis.
Beta-decay studies for applied and basic nuclear physics
Authors: Algora A. , Tain J. L. , Rubio B. , Fallot M. , Gelletly W.
Published: March 2021

In this review we will present the results of recent $$\beta $$
β
-decay studies using the total absorption technique that cover topics of interest for applications, nuclear structure and astrophysics. The decays studied were selected primarily because they have a large impact on the prediction of (a) the decay heat in reactors, important for the safety of present and future reactors and (b) the reactor electron anti-neutrino spectrum, of interest for particle/nuclear physics and reactor monitoring. For these studies the total absorption technique was chosen, since it is the only method that allows one to obtain $$\beta $$
β
-decay probabilities free from a systematic error called the Pandemonium effect. The total absorption technique is based on the detection of the $$\gamma $$
γ
cascades that follow the initial $$\beta $$
β
decay. For this reason the technique requires the use of calorimeters with very high $$\gamma $$
γ
detection efficiency. The measurements presented and discussed here were performed mainly at the IGISOL facility of the University of Jyväskylä (Finland) using isotopically pure beams provided by the JYFLTRAP Penning trap. Examples are presented to show that the results of our measurements on selected nuclei have had a large impact on predictions of both the decay heat and the anti-neutrino spectrum from reactors. Some of the cases involve $$\beta $$
β
-delayed neutron emission thus one can study the competition between $$\gamma $$
γ
- and neutron-emission from states above the neutron separation energy. The $$\gamma $$
γ
-to-neutron emission ratios can be used to constrain neutron capture (n,$$\gamma $$
γ
) cross sections for unstable nuclei of interest in astrophysics. The information obtained from the measurements can also be used to test nuclear model predictions of half-lives and Pn values for decays of interest in astrophysical network calculations. These comparisons also provide insights into aspects of nuclear structure in particular regions of the nuclear chart.
Down type iso-singlet quarks at the HL-LHC and FCC-hh
Authors: Paul Arpon , Sekmen Sezen , Unel Gokhan
Published: March 2021

We study the discovery potential of down type iso-singlet quarks, D, predicted by the $$E_6$$

E
6

GUT model in the $${pp\rightarrow D\bar{D}\rightarrow ZZd\bar{d} \rightarrow \ell ^+\ell ^-\ell ^+\ell ^- d\bar{d}}$$

p
p
→
D

D

¯

→
Z
Z
d

d

¯

→

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

d

d

¯

channel, at the HL-LHC and FCC-hh colliders. The analysis is performed using a high level analysis description language and its runtime interpreter. The study shows that, using solely this channel, HL-LHC can discover D quarks up to a mass of 730 GeV whereas FCC-hh up to 2980 GeV with data collected in their complete run periods.
Enhanced position resolution for ZnS:Ag/$$^6$$LiF wavelength shifting fibre thermal neutron detectors
Authors: Mauri Giacomo , Sykora G. J. , Schooneveld E. M. , Rhodes N. J.
Published: March 2021

The high neutron intensity, improvements in neutron delivery and increasingly more complex experiments at neutron scattering facilities, i.e. J-PARC, SNS, ISIS, CSNS and ESS, which is presently under construction, drive the development of neutron scattering instruments and their associated detectors. High position resolution is one of the most demanding detector requirements and is particularly relevant of neutron reflectometry applications. Scintillator detectors using ZnS:Ag/$$^6$$

6

LiF coupled to wavelength shifting fibre (WLSF) are currently employed in several neutron scattering facilities, including J-PARC, SNS, ISIS and CSNS. For WLSF-based scintillation detectors, the position reconstruction is routinely achieved by determining the combination of fibres that absorb scintillation light. The use of position reconstruction algorithms, analysing light spread in the system, leads to an increase in the position resolution. The optimisation of a centre of gravity interpolation method for linear position-sensitive detectors has been developed, and a factor 2 improvement in position sensitivity has been achieved. The investigation of the light spread over the fibres and the detector performance in correlation with the reconstructed position resolution are discussed.
Dynamic magnetic hysteresis loop features of a mixed spin (1/2, 1) Ising system on a hexagonal lattice using path probability method
Authors: Gençaslan Mustafa , Keskin Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Batı and Ertaş [Physica B 513 (2017) 40] presented a study of dynamic magnetic hysteresis loop properties (DMHLFs) of a mixed spin (1/2, 1) Ising system (IS) on a hexagonal lattice within the mean-field theory based on the Glauber dynamics approach. They observed a number of interesting DMHLFs. We extended the investigation of DMHLFs of a mixed spin (1/2, 1) IS on a hexagonal lattice using the path probability method. We also examined the influences of the rate constants on DMHLFs as well as magnetic coercive fields and remanent magnetizations. We observed that some of our results are in quantitatively good agreement with some theoretical works on various ISs and experimental reported works on some magnetic materials as well as works within the melt-spinning method. We also found that the effects of rate constants are more effective on DMHLFs of the magnetization of spin-1 particles than loops of the magnetization of spin-1/2 particles.
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Offshore Oil Platform in Square and Diamond Arrangements
Authors: Nouri Saliha , Hafsia Zouhair , Boulaaras Salah Mahmoud , Allahem Ali , Alkhalaf Salem , Vazquez Aldo Munoz
Published: March 2021

The interaction of the solitary wave with an oil platform composed of four vertical circular cylinders is investigated for two attack angle of the solitary wave

β
=

0

°

(square arrangement) and

β
=

45

°

(diamond arrangement). The solitary wave is generated using an internal source line as proposed by Hafsia et al. (2009). This generation method is extended to three-dimensional wave flow and is integrated into the PHOENICS code. The volume of fluid approach is used to capture the free surface evolution. The present model is validated in the case of a solitary wave propagating on a flat bottom for

H
/
h
=
0.25

where

H

is the wave height and

h

is the water depth. Compared to the analytical solution, the pseudowavelength and the wave crest are well reproduced. For a solitary wave interacting with square and diamond cylinders, the simulated results show that the maximum run-ups are well reproduced. For the diamond arrangements, the diffraction process seems to not affect the maximum run-ups, which approached the isolated cylinder. For the square arrangement, the shielding effect leads to a maximum wave force more pronounced for the upstream cylinder array.
Implications of Advertising Lag on the Dynamic Optimal Decisions in an O2O Supply Chain
Authors: Li Xiuxian , Li Ling , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Shuhua
Published: March 2021

The advertising lag effect and the reference quality effect are intrinsic properties of the market that influence supply chain performance. In this paper, we use the differential game theory considering the above two effects under an O2O (online to offline) environment. We investigate how these two effects impact supply chain performance. By the extended maximum principle, the optimal analytical solutions of the decision variables in two different game scenarios are obtained, i.e., with and without advertising cooperation. We conclude that the optimal wholesale price (advertising effort level, product quality level, and retail price) increases or decreases exponentially to its steady state, which depends on whether the initial goodwill is lower than the static goodwill or not. The analysis shows that the advertising lag effect has a negative impact on the supply chain, while the reference quality effect is positive. The vertical advertising cooperation strategy is effective in facilitating the channel performance. From a comparison analysis, we obtain that the manufacturer concentrates more effort on quality improvement if the advertising lag time is larger or if consumers are more sensitive to quality, and the manufacturer pays more attention to advertising relative to quality improvements with a higher advertising cost sharing ratio.
Effect of Notch on Strain Rate Concentration Factor of 304 Stainless Steel Bar
Authors: Yu Zhengyang , Zhong Bin , Sun Yaojie , Ma Lei
Published: March 2021

In this study, the notch effect of different types of 304 stainless steel rod notch is studied because of the problem of difficulty in measuring the notch root strain of 304 rod stainless steel, and the parameters of the annular notch root are analyzed. The notch angle, notch depth, and notch root radius are the main parameters of the stress field affecting the annular notch, and the mathematical expression of the strain rate concentration factor is derived. In order to verify the accuracy of the theory, the mechanical model of 304 stainless steel bar is established by finite element and numerical simulation calculation. The results show that the theoretical and finite elements have a high degree of agreement. When the notch angle increases, both theoretical and finite elements show a downward trend. When the notch depth of 304 stainless steel bar increases, both theoretical and numerical simulations show an increasing trend. The notch root radius of 304 stainless steel bar increases with decreasing numerical simulation.
Bond Deterioration of Corroded-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Structures Exposed to Severe Aggressive Marine Environment
Authors: Dacuan Cecielle N. , Abellana Virgilio Y.
Published: March 2021

Cracks lead to a reduction of the bond between concrete and reinforcing steel rebars. A considerable decrease in the bond strength is more dangerous to a structural element’s safety than the loss of the cross-sectional steel reinforcement area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of corroded-damaged structures exposed to severely aggressive marine environments. Eighteen (18) cube specimens with dimensions of

200
 
mm
 
x
 
200
 
mm

were cast. They were reinforced with three (3) different diameters of deformed steel and were grouped as unconfined and confined. The specimen was accelerated under a simulated corrosive environment. The experiment results reveal that the bond strength of concrete and steel reinforcement is susceptible to corrosion levels. The degree of corrosion significantly affects the bond strength of concrete and steel. The bond strength and the average crack width have a strong correlation; a minimal amount of corrosion with a minimum crack width of 0.03 mm after cracking reduces the bond strength to an unacceptable level. Stirrups confinement has a significant influence on the bond strength; it provides an excellent means to counteract bond loss. The loss of bond directly affects the serviceability and ultimate strength of reinforced concrete structures. There is an exponential relationship between cement and steel reinforcement’s bond strength with the serviceability and residual strength of reinforced concrete structures.
Influencing Factors of Disturbance Effects of Blasting and Driving of Deep Mine Roadway Groups
Authors: Kan Jiaguang , Wang Peng , Wang Peng
Published: March 2021

The development and application of roadway group layout methods in coal mines have become more common and the mutual disturbance of blasting and driving of roadway groups has also become more prominent at depth. To improve the stability of rock mass surrounding roadways, we performed a systematic study on the factors that influence blasting and driving disturbances of adjacent roadways in deep mine roadway groups. We use the dynamic analysis module in FLAC3D to obtain the influence laws of three factors on the disturbance effects of adjacent roadways, namely, excavation methods, layer position changes of the roadway group, and whether or not bolt support is applied in the first roadway. Blasting strongly influences the surrounding roadway and increased horizontal distance can effectively reduce the disturbance effects of blasting and driving between adjacent roadways compared with increased vertical distance. Bolt support of the first excavated roadway enhances the roadway integrity and better stabilizes the rock structure surrounding the roadway. Industrial tests were carried out on three uphill roadways in the Gubei no. 1 mine (6‐2). The monitoring results show that the movement of the roof and floor of the floor uphill return wind roadway is larger than that on the two sides. There is no notable change in the deformation speed of the surrounding rock in the floor return air roadway, but the deformation speed of the uphill conveyor belt roadway changes significantly. The results show that when the blasting excavation of a deep mine roadway group is more than five times the tunnel spacing, the increased horizontal distance effectively reduces the disturbance effects of excavation between adjacent roadways, which is consistent with the simulation results.
Seismic Test and Simulation of Spring Vibration Isolated Foundation for Turbo‐Generator
Authors: An Dong , Liu Tianwang
Published: March 2021

The 1 : 8 model of turbo‐generator vibration isolated foundation of common islands in nuclear plants was established for vibration characteristic tests and pseudodynamic experiments. The finite element model was established by SeismoStruct for time‐history analysis. Frequencies, modal shapes and seismic responses, deformation curves, and spring deformations were compared and analyzed. Results from tests and experiments show that the natural frequencies of spring vibration isolation foundation are lower than those of common frame foundations and the vertical frequencies are far from the working disturbance frequency of the turbo‐generator units. The spring vibration isolation device can reduce the acceleration response of the TG (turbo‐generator) deck and redistribute the horizontal earthquake action of the foundation according to the stiffness to give full play to the seismic capacity of the columns. The errors of natural vibration frequencies and maximum seismic response are approximately 15% and 10%, respectively, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the test and experiment data. The proportion and distribution of spring deformation are close, and the test study shows the convenient and precise realization of the simulation. Results of seismic experiments and numerical simulations show that the foundation design meets the standard of the “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings” in China, which realizes the goal of spring vibration isolation and seismic resistance. The foundation design is also reasonable, safe, and reliable.
A Clinical Case of 5 Times Irradiated Recurrent Orbital Hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Gordon Konstantin , Gulidov Igor , Gogolin Danil , Lepilina Olga , Golovanova Olga , Semenov Alexey , Dujenko Sergey , Medvedeva Kira , Koryakin Sergey , Ivanov Sergey , Kaprin Andrey
Published: March 2021

Orbital hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are rare mesenchymal tumors with a high tendency to recur. Treatment options are quite limited in case of a relapse, but re-irradiation can be useful. Most of the available data limit the possibility of re-irradiation, while novel techniques (e.g., pencil beam proton therapy [PT]) open new approaches for the safe repeating of treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well-documented case of multi-times (>3) irradiation of tumors located intracranially. The case reported here describes orbital HPCs with proton irradiation performed two times since 1999 in a 30-year-old woman with a medical history as well as surgery followed by conventional radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy, and two times stereotactic RT (in 2009 and 2013).In 2016 the patient came to our hospital with the 3rd relapse of the tumor, located in the left orbit, with an intracranial part, involving cavernous sinus, which was close to the temporal lobe. The 4th course of irradiation was done in May to June 2016 by pencil beam PT. Radiation necrosis occurred after 2 years and was treated with bevacizumab (BVZ). Three years later, another relapse was treated with PT and BVZ. The 9-month follow-up showed complete tumor response without signs of brain toxicity. The patient died due to a brain abscess 1 year after the 5th irradiation. This case shows a possibility of irradiation, applied 5 times to the same location, with promising results and manageable toxicity.
Augmenting Transformers with KNN-Based Composite Memory for Dialog
Authors: Fan Angela , Gardent Claire , Braud Chloé , Bordes Antoine
Published: March 2021

Various machine learning tasks can benefit from access to external information of different modalities, such as text and images. Recent work has focused on learning architectures with large memories capable of storing this knowledge. We propose augmenting generative Transformer neural networks with KNN-based Information Fetching (KIF) modules. Each KIF module learns a read operation to access fixed external knowledge. We apply these modules to generative dialog modeling, a challenging task where information must be flexibly retrieved and incorporated to maintain the topic and flow of conversation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by identifying relevant knowledge required for knowledgeable but engaging dialog from Wikipedia, images, and human-written dialog utterances, and show that leveraging this retrieved information improves model performance, measured by automatic and human evaluation.
A new species of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from Mexico and the transfer of Gosiphrurus schulzefenai Chamberlin & Ivie to Phonotimpus
Authors: CHAMÉ-VÁZQUEZ DAVID , CAMPUZANO EMMANUEL F. , IBARRA-NÚÑEZ GUILLERMO
Published: March 2021

Phonotimpus padillai sp. nov. is described on the basis of morphological characteristics of both sexes: males are easily distinguished by the shape of the embolus and females by the shape of the copulatory openings. Additionally, Gosiphrurus schulzefenai Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 is transferred to the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis, 1940, based on the redescription of the female and first description of the male, with an update of the diagnosis of this species.
Plasma-Derived Exosomes Boost the Healing of Irradiated Wound by Regulating Cell Proliferation and Ferroptosis
Authors: Gan Feihong , Wang Raokaijuan , Lyu Ping , Li Yanxi , Fu Ruijie , Du Yu , Gong Ping , Yao Yang
Published: March 2021

Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy for malignant tumors can damage adjacent tissues, leading to severe wound complications. Plasma-derived exosome treatment has recently emerged as a safe and impactful cell-free therapy. Herein, we aimed to determine whether plasma-derived exosomes could
improve the healing of post-radiation wound. Rat plasma-derived exosomes (RP-Exos) were locally injected on cutaneous wounds created on the backs of irradiated rats and boosted the healing process as well as the deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix with collagen formation.
Subsequently, the effects of RP-Exos were further evaluated on irradiated fibroblasts in vitro. The results suggested that exosomes promoted fibroblast proliferation, migration, cell cycle progression, and cell survival. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing analysis and quantitative polymerase
chain reaction validation were performed to identify potential mechanisms. RPExos enhanced the expression of cell proliferation and radioresistance-related genes, and yet downregulated ferroptosis pathway in irradiated fibroblasts. Inhibition of ferroptosis by RP-Exos was further confirmed
through colorimetric assay, fluorescence probe and flow cytometry in ferroptosis-induced fibroblasts. Our results suggest that RP-Exos regulate cell proliferation and ferroptosis in irradiated fibroblasts, thereby boosting the healing of irradiated wound. These findings support plasma-derived
exosomes as a potential therapeutic method for post-radiation wound complications.
Targeting Breast Cancer Using Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated Liposomes Triggered with Ultrasound
Authors: Ben Daya Safa M. , Paul Vinod , Awad Nahid S. , Al Sawaftah Nour M. , Al Sayah Mohammad H. , Husseini Ghaleb A.
Published: March 2021

The successful targeting of tumors can be achieved by conjugating targeting moieties to nanoparticles. These modifications allow nannocarriers to achieve greater targeting specificity through binding to specific receptors overexpressed on the surface of the tumor cells. In this study,
pegylated liposomes encapsulating the model drug/dye calcein and conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA) molecules were successfully synthesized, and their ability to target HA receptors overexpressed on a breast cancer cell line was investigated in vitro. Low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS),
applied at three different power densities (6.2, 9, and 10 mW/cm2) were used to trigger the release of the entrapped calcein. Both the control and HAconjugated liposomes showed similar release profiles. HA conjugation to the liposomes resulted in a significant increase in calcein
uptake by the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 known for its CD44 (HA receptor) overexpression, while such an effect was not recorded with NIH-3T3, an embryonic mouse fibroblast, with low levels of CD44 expression. The application of low LFUS showed a significant enhancement of calcein uptake
by MDA-MB-231 cells from our liposome compared to calcein uptake without cell exposure to ultrasound. These findings suggest that combining HA-conjugated liposomes with ultrasound is a promising drug delivery platform in breast cancer treatment.
Ultrasound-Induced Microbubble Cavitation Combined with miR-34a-Loaded Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Chen Chuanrong , Tao Yuchen , Zou Penglin , Gao Feng , Jia Chao , Liu Long , Li Gang , Zhang Guoxiu , Duan Yourong , Shi Qiusheng
Published: March 2021

Currently chemotherapy drugs are usually used as first-line treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but they are ineffective and accompanied by serious side effects. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) simultaneously targets multiple genes related to the cell apoptosis in CRPC
cells without obvious side effects. It has shown great potential in the treatment of CRPC. Previous studies focused on miR-34a increasing the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs to chemoresistant prostate cancer cells. There are few researches on miR-34a alone in the treatment of CRPC. But the
macromolecular miR-34a is difficult to enter the cell and is easily degraded by nuclease. Therefore, we constructed methoxy polyethylene glycol-polylacticco-glycolic acid-polylysine (mPEG-PLGA-PLL) nanoparticles to encapsulate miR-34a (miR-34a/NP). The results showed that miR-34a/NP protects
miR-34a from degradation by nucleases and can be phagocytized by PC-3 CRPC cells. Ultrasound induces microbubble cavitation (UIMC) improves cell membrane permeability and capillary gaps, and further promotes miR-34a/NP to enter cells PC-3 and prostate cancer xenografts. The miR-34a/NP that
enters the cell and tumor tissue releases miR-34a, which suppressed CRPC cells PC-3 proliferation, promoted its apoptosis, and inhibited the growth of CRPC xenografts. Our research verified that miR-34a/NP, especially combined with UIMC, has a significant anti-tumor effect on CRPC.
Novel Multifold Secured System by Combining Multimodal Mask Steganography and Naive Based Random Visual Cryptography System for Digital Communication
Authors: Jahnavi S. , Nandini C.
Published: March 2021

With increase in growth of data and digital threat, demand of securing the data communicated over the internet is an essential play in the digital world. In the vision of digitalizing services with the next generation of security to the sensitive data transmitted over the internet by
hiding the existence of the data using next generation cryptography by fusing cryptography techniques is one the major technique adopted. With this the aim in traditional Least Significant Bit (LSB) is one of the widely used technique. Where the secret message or image are placed in the cover
image in the least significant bits of RGB Channels resulting in a stego image. But the drawback is, on suspecting the differences in the pixels of original and stegoimage in the secret data embedded can be guessed and extracted by attacker. The Proposed visual crypto-mask steganography method
overcomes this drawback and support good payload capacity with multi modal approach of embedding biometrics, resulting in ∞ PSNR. The authenticated person face and fingerprint information is transmitted in a cover image and mask image (magic sheet) using proposed steganography and is
combined with Random Visual Crypto Technique. Which results in enhanced and advance visual crypto steganography secured model in communicating sensitive (biometric features) information over the internet. Where the complete information cannot be extracted using only cover image. Mask image
(magic sheet) is used along with cover image that reveals the secret data in the receiving end.
Implementation of Internet of Things-Based Sentiment Analysis for Farming System
Authors: Dadheech Pankaj , Sheeba R. , Vidya R. , Rajarajeswari Pothuraju , Srinivasan P. , Kumar C. Sathiya , Sengan Sudhakar
Published: March 2021

The Internet is slowly shaping to be the primary information source that fulfils all the needs of a person. Whenever someone plans to buy a product, they tend to consult with the reviews online to get a clear idea of the product in terms of its various aspects. The problem is that the
information available about a single product is so much in volume that the users not be able to extract the information they require from this massive amount of data. The paper proposes a system that generates a temporal aspect based text summary of user opinions that are collected from different
sources across the Internet with their time-stamp. These comments are broken into sentences and sub-sentences after predefined based classification. Then, Sentiment analysis is performed. The time relationship is taken into account, and the causal relationship is identified at the deflection
points or the time frames during which there is a significant opinion change. The major advantage of this system is that the changes in user opinions with time can be traced and the cause of this sentiment change can be found out in addition to offering customers a quick, convenient and easy
way to consume information about a product to help them decide whether or not to purchase it. It also helps enterprises to get relevant insights related to their products based on the customer reviews online.
TiO2-Chitosan Hybrid Materials for Drug Delivery Applications: Conjugation Reaction with a Model Drug and Evaluation of the Functional Properties
Authors: Cerrato Giuseppina , Martra Gianmario , Viscardi Guido , Signoretto Michela
Published: March 2021

The combination of TiO2 and chitosan is known to allow the achievement of implantable devices which combines the mechanical properties of TiO2, with the presence of chitosan, which ensures antibacterial properties combined with an in-situ drug-delivery of biomolecules
physisorbed and/or covalently linked to chitosan. In this study, 5-aminofluorescein (5-AF), a derivative of fluorescein containing a primary amino group, has been used as model molecule to simulate a drug. This dye is characterized by low cost and low toxicity, and due to its high molar absorptivity
it can easily be detected by means of absorption and emission spectroscopies. The combination of 5-AF and maleic anhydride (MA) with TiO2-chitosan materials has generated a range of novel hybrid materials tailored to applications in localized stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems.
Maleic anhydride has been used as pH sensitive spacer for the covalent functionalization of the TiO2-chitosan hybrid with MA as linker molecule. This functionalization allowed to obtain a pH-sensitive hybrid material. The efficiency of the functionalization has been verified by
means of different physico-chemical characterization techniques. The behaviour of the functionalized materials is related to different parameters, among which the ratio between physisorbed/coordinated and chemisorbed 5-AF and the matrix degradation. Moreover, delivery tests in simulated body
solutions at different pH have been performed showing a pH-sensitive drug delivery behaviour and indicating that the release of 5-AF is favoured at basic pH.
Bromination Reactivity of Oxygen-Terminated Edges of Graphene
Authors: Kim Jungpil , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sato Satoshi
Published: March 2021

The bromination reactivity of various types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with oxygen atoms and graphene with oxygen atoms was estimated by density functional theory calculation and experimentally clarified by analyzing bromination of PAHs using gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry. In the experimental and theoretical bromination reactivity of PAHs, the presence of hydroxyl group increased the reactivity of PAHs because of electron-donating nature of the hydroxyl group but the other oxygen-containing functional groups such as lactone, ether, and ketone decreased
the reactivity due to the electron-withdrawing nature of those groups. These effects of functional groups on the reactivity were also confirmed in graphene. The tendency of theoretical bromination reactivity of graphene was graphene with hydroxyl group > graphene with no group > graphene
with lactone group > graphene with ether group > graphene with ketone group. Our study on the estimation of bromination reactivity of graphene edges provides the groundwork for the bromination of graphene edges.
Transparent Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Thermoplastic Polyurethane Films
Authors: Srither S. R. , Dhineshbabu N. R. , Shankar Rao D. S. , Krishna Prasad S. , Dahlsten Oscar , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: March 2021

This study aims at investigating flexible and transparent thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as a novel material for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices with a polyethylene terephthalate layer. Devices having TPU—either as a flat film or as electrospun micrometer-dimension
fibers with varying concentrations of TPU—were tested. The best output performing device provided 21.4 V and 23 μA as open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current respectively, with the application of a small force of 0.33 N indicating the high efficiency of the device. Devices
with flat films-obtained using the doctor-blade (DB) technique—have high transparency (80%) as well as high TENG output. The topography of the TPU layer, characterized by atomic force microscopy, reveals nanoscale roughness of the film surface. Finally, we demonstrate that gentle hand
tapping on the TENG device can power upto 11 light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The high transparency, lightweight, simple fabrication, flexibility, and robust features of such device make it an added value for various optoelectronic applications.
Co-Encapsulation of Lycopene and Resveratrol in Polymeric Nanoparticles: Morphology and Lycopene Stability
Authors: Thi Oanh Ho , Hac Thi Nhung , Nhan Nguyen Thanh , Anh Dang Thi Tuyet , Van Nguyen Tuyen , Hoang Mai Ha
Published: March 2021

Lycopene and resveratrol are well-known for their high bioactivity, anti-inflammatory effects, and strong antioxidant properties. The combination of lycopene and resveratrol was synergistic in the potentializing immunity of the mammal body. In this study, the scalable co-encapsulation
of lycopene and resveratrol into polymeric nanoparticles was performed using lycopene extracted from ripe gac fruit. These nanoparticles exhibited excellent water dispersion and spherical morphology with average particle diameters of 66.102 nm. The particle size was proportional to the lycopene/resveratrol
ratio. The combinative use of lecithin and Tween® as surfactants and the use of a polylactide-polyethylene glycol copolymer as an encapsulation agent generated well-defined lycopene/resveratrol nanoparticles although the total content of these active compounds reached 12%. The stability
of lycopene was enhanced when combined with resveratrol and antioxidants such as vitamin E and butylated hydroxytoluene. After 3 months of storage at −16 °C, the lycopene content in the lycopene/resveratrol nanopowder remained at ∼95%.
Improvement in Self-Heating Characteristic by Utilizing Sapphire Substrate in Omega-Gate-Shaped Nanowire Field Effect Transistor for Wearable, Military, and Aerospace Application
Authors: Suh Song Young , Kim Hyunwoo , Yu Junsu , Lee Jongho
Published: March 2021

In this study, we propose an omega-shaped-gate nanowire field effect transistor (ONWFET) with a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) substrate. In order to investigate improvements in the self-heating characteristic with the use of a SOS substrate, the lattice temperature is examined using a Synopsys
Sentaurus 3D Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulator with the results compared to those with a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. To validate the proposed structure with the SOS substrate, the locations of hot spots and heat dissipation paths (heat sinks) depending on the substrate
materials are also analyzed. The electrical characteristics, specifically the on-current (Ion), off-current (Ioff), and subthreshold swing (SS), were investigated as well. Hence, it is demonstrated here that incorporating a SOS substrate can improve both
the self-heating characteristic and the SS at the same time. Therefore, enhanced logic devices are feasible if using an ONWFET with a SOS substrate. Examples include wearable devices and military and future aerospace applications achieved by the radiation-resistant material Al2O3
that has high thermal conductivity.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotic and Hydrogen Production by Iron Doped Cerium(IV) Oxide
Authors: Hsu Yang , Thomas Joy , Tang Chang Chang , Ma Chih Ming
Published: March 2021

Norfloxacin (NF) is an emerging antibiotic contaminant due to its significant accumulation in the environment. Photocatalytic degradation is an effective method for removing emerging contaminant compounds in aqueous solution; however, it is not commonly applied because of the poor solubility
of contaminant compounds in water. In this study, a photocatalytic degradation experiment was carried out on NF using a self-made ceria catalyst. At an initial concentration of NF of 2.5 mg L−1, the dosage of CeO2 was 0.1 g L−1 photocatalyst in
water, and the initial pH of the NF solution was 8.0. With a reaction time of 180 min, the total removal rate of NF could reach 95%. Additionally, the studies on hydrogen production show that the maximum hydrogen production with 2% Fe–CeO2 can reach 25,670 μmol h−1
g−1 under close to 8 W of 365 nm, a methanol concentration of 20%, and a catalyst dose of 0.1 g L−1 photocatalyst in water. Furthermore, the intensities of photoluminescence (PL) emission peaks decreased with increased Fe-doped amounts on CeO2,
suggesting that the irradiative recombination seemed to be weakened.
Pleading for Justice: Bullpen Therapy, Pre-Trial Detention, and Plea Bargains in American Courts
Authors: Lerman Amy E. , Green Ariel Lewis , Dominguez Patricio
Published: March 2021

What role do extra-legal factors play in whether defendants plead guilty to a criminal offense? In this study, we provide qualitative evidence that pretrial detention is a contributing factor in adjudication outcomes. Many of our subjects reported that the prospect of being held in unsanitary and unsafe jails was sufficient to induce their ﻿acceptance of a plea, even when they maintained their innocence. Others worried that being held pre-trial would have a negative impact on employment and family responsibilities, and so chose to plead. Our quantitative analyses bolster these self-reports: in a national sample, defendants held in custody pre-trial are significantly more likely to enter a guilty plea, all else equal. These findings have important implications for individual outcomes, but also for the accountability of the criminal justice system as a whole.
Out of the Picture: Latinx and White Male Youths’ Facial Features Predict Their Juvenile Justice System Processing Outcomes
Authors: Chen Jacqueline M. , Fine Adam D. , Norman Jasmine B. , Frick Paul J. , Cauffman Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

Adults’ facial characteristics predict whether and how severely they are sentenced in the adult criminal justice system. We investigate whether characteristics of White and Latinx male youths’ faces predict the severity of their processing in the juvenile justice system. Among a sample of first-time offenders, despite no differences in the severity of their offenses, youth who were perceived by naïve observers as more dominant, less trustworthy, less healthy, and having darker skin were more likely to receive harsher sanctions. Thus, extralegal factors like appearance may bias legal decisions that place some youth at increased risk for more restrictive sanctioning. Our findings highlight the need for structured approaches to juvenile processing decisions that take youths’ appearance out of the picture.
Following Dutch healthcare professionals’ experiences during COVID-19: Tensions in everyday practices and policies amid shifting uncertainties
Authors: van der Molen Maartje , Brown Patrick
Published: March 2021

While the limits of rational-calculative approaches for healthcare decision-making, alongside institutional forms of ritual, routines and hope employed to deal with these limits, were already described in the 1950s, healthcare professionals’ syncretism of rational and non-rational approaches in their everyday work remains a neglected topic in Northern Europe. Using COVID-19 as an urgent problem for healthcare policy and practice, and a natural ‘breaching experiment’ which disrupts everyday work in ways which help professionals to critically reflect, this article explores how a small, purposive sample of young healthcare professionals in the Netherlands dealt with the uncertainties and risks posed by continued healthcare work amid the pandemic. Analysing qualitative data, collected via longitudinal online interviews among healthcare professionals, the analysis pays particular attention to: concerns, anxieties and risks faced by professionals; understandings and ways of working with(out) protocols; different logics for handling uncertainty in different situations; how different logics (rational, non-rational and ‘in between’ rationalities) are combined in different aspects of their work. A key feature of the analysis is the tensions which emerged within these combined strategies and how these relate to broader tensions in terms of the limits of rationality, economic scarcity, work-life experiences, and evidence versus emotions.
Turning Rules into Resources: Worker Enactment of Labor Standards and Why It Matters for Regulatory Federalism
Authors: Iskander Natasha , Lowe Nichola
Published: March 2021

Labor standards are not just enforced; they are enacted, and often in ways that are different from their stated intention. This distinction creates an opening to consider the ways that frontline workers extend and repurpose enforcement practices. Drawing on qualitative research in two US cities, the authors focus on Latino immigrant construction workers to identify the strategies they use to rework formal safety mandates to advance technical knowledge, create skill-based alliances across organizational hierarchies, and protect career trajectories. These resourcing strategies were present in both locations, but workers’ ability to affect the quality of their jobs through the collective enactment of labor standards varied significantly by city and depended on the enforcement practices in play. Workers’ attention to these localized resourcing opportunities suggests possibilities for progressive innovation at the multiple levels of government driving emerging research on regulation and federalism.
Host Modulation and Treatment of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Balta M.G. , Papathanasiou E. , Blix I.J. , Van Dyke T.E.
Published: March 2021

Periodontitis is the sixth-most prevalent disease in the world and the first cause for tooth loss in adults. With focus shifted to the inflammatory/immune response in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, there is a critical need to evaluate host modulatory agents. Synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are a cornerstone for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Recent prospective cohort studies showed that synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs improved periodontal clinical parameters following nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment with recombinant humanized monoclonal antibodies against CD20 (rituximab) and IL-6 receptor (tocilizumab), the latter also in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, resulted in decreased periodontal inflammation and improved periodontal status. Studies on the effect of TNF-α inhibitors in patients with periodontitis yielded inconsistent results. Recent data suggest that probiotics provide anti-inflammatory clinical benefit, as do nutritional supplements, such as n-3 fatty acids, when combined with periodontal therapy. Probiotics reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines by suppressing NF-κB pathways and promote the accumulation of T regulatory cells. Statins, like aspirin, have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and bone-preserving actions by upregulating production of Specialized Proresolving Mediators (SPMs). Currently, there is insufficient scientific support for the topical delivery of statins or bisphosphonates as adjuncts to periodontal therapy. Here, we present a critical review of the most recent host modulatory agents applied in humans and the key immune pathways that they target. Emerging evidence from novel drug candidates, including SPMs and complement inhibitors as previously studied in animal models and currently in human clinical trials, suggests future availability of adjunctive therapeutic strategies for the management of periodontitis.
Periodontitis Is Related to Exercise Capacity: Two Cross-sectional Studies
Authors: Holtfreter B. , Stubbe B. , Gläser S. , Trabandt J. , Völzke H. , Ewert R. , Kocher T. , Ittermann T. , Schäper C.
Published: March 2021

Although a potential link between periodontitis and cardiorespiratory fitness might provide a reasonable explanation for effects of tooth-related alterations seen on cardiometabolic diseases, evidence is currently limited. Thus, we investigated the association between clinically assessed periodontitis and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Data from 2 independent cross-sectional population-based studies (5-y follow-up of the Study of Health in Pomerania [SHIP-1; N = 1,639] and SHIP-Trend-0 [ N = 2,439]) were analyzed. Participants received a half-mouth periodontal examination, and teeth were counted. CPET was based on symptom limited-exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer. Associations of periodontitis parameters with CPET parameters were analyzed by confounder-adjusted multivariable linear regression. In the total sample, mean pocket probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment levels, and number of teeth were consistently associated with peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and exercise duration in both studies, even after restriction to cardiorespiratory healthy participants. Statistically significant associations with oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT), slope of the efficiency of ventilation in removing carbon dioxide, and peak oxygen pulse (VÉ/VCO2 slope) occurred. Further, interactions with age were identified, such that mainly older individuals with higher levels of periodontal disease severity were associated with lower peakVO2. Restricted to never smokers, associations with mean clinical attachment levels and the number of teeth mostly diminished, while associations of mean PPD with peakVO2, VO2@AT, VÉ/VCO2 slope, and exercise duration in SHIP-1 and SHIP-Trend-0 were confirmed. In SHIP-1, mean peakVO2 was 1,895 mL/min in participants with a mean PPD of 1.6 mm and 1,809 mL/min in participants with a mean PPD of 3.7 mm. To conclude, only mean PPD reflecting current disease severity was consistently linked to cardiorespiratory fitness in 2 cross-sectional samples of the general population. If confirmed in well-designed large-scale longitudinal studies, the association between periodontitis and cardiorespiratory fitness might provide a biologically plausible mechanism linking periodontitis with cardiometabolic diseases.