bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Søren Kierkegaard y la reconstrucción de la filosofía mediante la duda subjetiva y la repetición a partir del escrito De omnibus dubitandum est
Authors: Dobre Catalina Elena
Published: June 2016

En este artículo se parte de la crítica de Kierkegaard hacia el método de la duda objetiva como lo presenta el autor seudónimo Johannes Climacus en De omnibus dubitandum est. Kierkegaard reconstruye el sentido de la filosofía mediante la idea de duda subjetiva y la repetición como conceptos fundamentales de la nueva filosofía. Por lo cual, primero se analizará qué significa duda subjetiva, conciencia subjetiva y repetición, para demostrar que para Kierkegaard la duda no puede ser limitada a un proceso lógico y universal del pensamiento, sino que está relacionada con la conciencia individual e implica contradicción, angustia y fe. Segundo, se tratará de subrayar la relación entre conciencia subjetiva, duda y repetición para demostrar que la duda refleja un modo existencial de ser porque es la manifestación de una conciencia subjetiva y por eso la filosofía es, para Kierkegaard, imposible sin un pensador subjetivo y sin una duda subjetiva. Para una mejor comprensión de todos estos conceptos debemos argumentar usando también otros escritos de Kierkegaard como: Migajas filosóficas, La repetición, Temor y temblor, Postscriptum no científico y definitivo a Migajas filosóficas.
Ética empresarial, responsabilidad social y bienes comunicativos
Authors: Cabeza Patricio Calvo
Published: June 2016

Desde su irrupción en el panorama económico, la responsabilidad social se ha conceptualizado de muy distintas formas. Algunas relacionadas con la filantropía, el mecenazgo, la estrategia o el marketing empresarial. Este estudio pretende mostrar que la empresa necesita gestionar debidamente aquellos bienes comunicativos que, como la confianza, la reputación o la reciprocidad, están implicados en el correcto desarrollo de su actividad y, por consiguiente, en la maximización del beneficio económico. Pero para ello, es preciso implementar una responsabilidad social a la altura de las expectativas en juego; es decir, que tenga en cuenta la dimensión ética que le subyace.
Ana María Andaluz: Las armonías de la razón, Salamanca: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca 2013, 366 pp.
Authors: Granja Dulce María
Published: June 2016

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Ángel Xolocotzi, Luis Tamayo: Los demonios de Heidegger. Eros y manía en el maestro de la Selva Negra. Madrid: Trotta, 2012, 239 pp.
Authors: Gibu Ricardo
Published: June 2016

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Los múltiple a priori de los actos sociales en Adolf Reinach
Authors: Ferrer Urbano
Published: June 2016

El artículo pone en relación los dos principales hallazgos de Reinach: la noción de estado de cosas y los aprioris materiales de los actos lingüistico-sociales. Aunque ambos provienen de la reducción eidética dentro de la Fenomenología, se anticipan con ellos los estudios de autores analíticos sobre los actos de habla. Se examinan los componentes y estructura de los actos sociales, con especial atención al prometer y al preguntar, que llevan a Reinach a sobrepasar ampliamente el marco husserliano de los actos objetivantes; para ello cuenta con algunos precursores dentro de la Escuela fenomenológica de Munich. Se destaca el alcance de lo apriori dentro del ámbito lingüístico-social, diferenciándolo tanto de los aprioris formales como de los conceptos normativos propios de los órdenes moral y jurídico.
Lozano-Vasquez, Andrea, et al. Platón y la Irracionalidad, Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes, 2012
Authors: Quiñones Roberto Rivadeneyra
Published: June 2016

No aplica.
RACIONALIZACIÓN DE LA ESFERA PÚBLICA
Authors: Martín Francisco Javier Gil
Published: June 2016

Este artículo emprende un cotejo de textos pertenecientes a tres periodos diferentes del pensamiento de Habermas y defiende que existe una conexión genealógica entre la concepción de la racionalidad procedimental con las ideas de la esfera pública burguesa y de la situación ideal de habla. Además de examinar el contenido normativo de la racionalidad procedimental asentado en las “reglas de la razón”, el artículo explora algunas de las implicaciones de la dimensión pública de las idealizaciones inevitables y contrafácticas de los discursos racionales.
LA FORMULACIÓN DEL PRINCIPIO DE INMANENCIA EN EL FRAGMENTO DE ANAXIMANDRO
Authors: Díaz Leonardo Ordóñez
Published: June 2016

En principio, podría pensarse que la interpretación del fragmento de Anaximandro tiene un interés puramente ‘arqueológico’ y que su relevancia sólo concierne a la historia de la filosofía griega. Sin embargo, esto es un error. En este artículo demostraremos que dicho fragmento puede ser visto como la primera formulación del principio de inmanencia en la historia de Occidente. El mayor obstáculo para probar esta tesis radica en el carácter unilateral de las tendencias interpretativas que han dominado la lectura del fragmento durante el último siglo. Nuestra búsqueda de un camino alterno sigue cuatro etapas: primero señalamos las deficiencias de las lecturas tradicionales; luego examinamos críticamente la interpretación de Heidegger; después, utilizando los principios de la hermenéutica gadameriana, proponemos una lectura renovada del fragmento; al final, precisamos en qué forma el planteamiento de Anaximandro cobra relevancia en la actualidad.
LA MARAVILLA DE LAS MARAVILLAS: QUE EL ENTE ES
Authors: Volpi Franco
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo analiza la polémica sobre la superación de la metafísica en la filosofía de Heidegger por un lado, y la de Carnap por el otro; pasando por la ambivalente actitud de Wittgenstein. ¿Vivimos realmente en una época postmetafísica? El objetivo del autor es mostrar que nuestra relación con la metafísica tiene que ser crítica y no puede ignorar la filosofía práctica.
Virginia ASPE: Perennidad y apertura de Aristóteles. Reflexiones Poéticas y de Incidencia Mexicana, México: Publicaciones Cruz; Universidad Panamericana 2005, pp. 270.
Authors: Vázquez Daniel
Published: June 2016

Virginia ASPE: Perennidad y apertura de Aristóteles. Reflexiones Poéticas y de Incidencia Mexicana, México: Publicaciones Cruz; Universidad Panamericana 2005, pp. 270.
THE THREE-STRANDED CORD
Authors: Redmond Walter
Published: June 2016

Gran parte de la filosofía más interesante y original los escolásticos la hacían en la teología. Un buen ejemplo es el dilema en el Siglo de Oro sobre el libre albedrío: ¿cómo podemos actuar libremente si Dios causa y conoce nuestros actos? La discusión incluye varios temas fundamentales como la antinomia entre la libertad y la determinación, la semántica modal, la lógica temporal y la lógica de los estados de cosas contrafácticos. Los jesuitas mexicanos Matías Blanco (d. 1734) y Antonio Peralta (d. 1736) escribieron libros sobre la cuestión. Se describirá aquí la solución “disyuntiva” que Blanco propuso en su Funiculus triplex (La Cuerda de tres cabos), publicado póstumamente en México en 1746. Cuando alguien ha de eligir entre las alternativas B y C, barrunta Blanco, Dios no actualiza ni B ni C, sino su disyunción B-o-C. Blanco propone una tregua en la “guerra” entre las escuelas contrincantes para que consideren su solución– pues cree podría ser aceptable para todos.
LA IDEA EJEMPLAR COMO INCLUSIVAMENTE PRÁCTICA
Authors: Llano Carlos
Published: June 2016

La idea ejemplar se ha pensado en la escolástica para teorizar sobre la póiesis referida a objetos externos. El objetivo del autor es mostrar que también —y sobretodo— la idea debe referirse a la acción denominada praxis, a la creación del ser humano como tal, a la decisión del propio modo de vida. Para exponer dicho propósito, el autor dialoga con dos posturas filosóficas históricamente relevantes: el marxismo y el existencialismo.
VIRTUD Y FELICIDAD: DOS PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE LA AUTARQUÍA
Authors: R. Gabriel Schutz
Published: June 2016

En este ensayo estudio las razones que llevan a Aristóteles a rechazar el carácter autárquico de la virtud, esto es, la posibilidad de que el ejercicio de la virtud baste por sí solo para alcanzar la felicidad (eudaimonía). Esbozo, luego, qué características fundamentales debería tener una teoría de la acción que, al contrario de la aristotélica, defendiera el ser virtuoso como condición, no sólo necesaria, sino también suficiente para alcanzar la felicidad —sin necesidad, para ello, de gozar de bienes externos.
Carlos Llano: Separatio. Bases noéticas para una metafísica no racionalista, México: Ediciones Ruz 2007, 403pp.
Authors: Jiménez Oscar
Published: June 2016

Carlos Llano: Separatio. Bases noéticas para una metafísica no racionalista, México: Ediciones Ruz 2007, 403pp.
Ysabel DE ANDÍA : Denys L´Aréopagite. Tradition et Métamorphoses, París: Vrin 2006, 352pp.
Authors: Nieva José María
Published: June 2016

Ysabel DE ANDÍA : Denys L´Aréopagite. Tradition et Métamorphoses, París: Vrin 2006, 352pp.
INSTRUMENTO, CATEGORÍA PARA LA COMPRENSIÓN DEL NUEVO MUNDO
Authors: García Alberto Saladino
Published: June 2016

La epistemología acerca de la noción de instrumento en el siglo XVI novohispano destacaba la idea de herramienta, utensilio, medio para producir o transformar bienes, aparato musical y órgano de la sensibilidad. De manera explícita, las referencias aparecen recurrentemente en obras como Historia general de las cosas de la Nueva España , de Bernardino de Sahagún, y Antigüedades de la Nueva España de Francisco Hernández, entre otras. Los diversos sentidos del empleo de la noción de instrumento en la centuria de la conquista confluyeron en su consolidación como categoría de interpretación al ser considerada un medio fundamental para coadyuvar a la comprensión de la realidad americana tanto en sus manifestaciones materiales como en las socioculturales.
COACCIÓN PARA LA FE.
Authors: Heredia Roberto
Published: June 2016

Análisis de los pasajes del texto mencionado que tratan en diversas maneras la coacción para la fe. Se consideran cuatro etapas en esta coacción: para que sean admitidos los predicadores; para que sean escuchados los predicadores; para que los indígenas acepten la fe y el bautismo; para que perseveren en la fe. Se añade un quinto aspecto: conquista previa a la evangelización. El pensamiento de fray Alonso se sitúa en el contexto de la tradición cristiana y del pensamiento de sus contemporáneos.
José María TORRALBA: Acción intencional y razonamiento práctico según G. E. M. Anscombe, Pamplona: Eunsa 2005, 241 pp.
Authors: Enríquez Teresa
Published: June 2016

José María TORRALBA: Acción intencional y razonamiento práctico según G. E. M. Anscombe, Pamplona: Eunsa 2005, 241 pp.
TOMÁS DE AQUINO COMO ANTECEDENTE MEDIEVAL DE LA TOLERANCIA MODERNA
Authors: Maqueo Ezequiel Téllez
Published: June 2016

El autor examina brevemente algunos textos del corpus tomista, en donde parece que la tolerancia no constituye un valor propio de la modernidad, sino que fue practicada y explicada por Tomás de Aquino, quien vivió en un período multiculturalmente rico de la historia como lo fue la Edad Media, en donde defendió convincentemente sus propias creencias con respeto ante toda clase de pensadores (filósofos musulmanes y judíos, herejes, infieles, etc.) con los que no estaba completamente de acuerdo. Después de concluir que la prostitución es inmoral pero no ilegal según santo Tomás, tal como lo haría cualquier filósofo tolerante, el autor establece la naturaleza y límites de esta virtud ética, aportando buenas razones para ser cultivada por cualquier persona.
CONSIDERACIONES ACERCA DEL CONCEPTO KANTIANO DE OBJETO TRASCENDENTAL
Authors: Beade Ileana P.
Published: June 2016

El concepto de objeto trascendental hace referencia, en el marco de la Crítica de la razón pura, a la causa o fundamento de los fenómenos externos, o bien, por el contrario, a un concepto de objeto en general pensado por la conciencia a fin de garantizar la validez objetiva de sus representaciones. En este trabajo se intentará mostrar que —contrariamente a lo sugerido por diversos intérpretes— la ambigüedad implicada en el uso kantiano de este concepto no es resultado de un descuido terminológico, sino que se funda en principios doctrinales del idealismo crítico.
DELIBERATION, ACTION AND NORMATIVITY
Authors: Millán Gustavo Ortiz
Published: June 2016

En este artículo hago comentarios a varios aspectos del artículo de Martin Seel, “The Ability to Deliberate”, principalmente en sus afirmaciones de que la deliberación es una forma de acción, en su no muy clara distinción entre deliberación y pensamiento, y en la relación entre normatividad y deliberación. Hay también algunos comentarios sobre el razonamiento práctico y el teórico, así como en su caracterización de lo que son las razones.
¿POR QUÉ HEIDEGGER LLEVA A CABO UNA REHABILITACIÓN DE LA PHRÓNESIS ARISTOTÉLICA?
Authors: Yáñez Ángel Xolocotzi
Published: June 2016

Desde hace tres décadas la tesis de Franco Volpi en torno al aristotelismo de Heidegger ha impulsado la investigación. Sin embargo hasta el momento había quedado pendiente profundizar en los motivos que hicieron de Aristóteles el gigante filosófico con el cual Heidegger medirá sus fuerzas. El presente trabajo es una contribución en esa línea al tematizar las inquietudes del joven Heidegger en sus primeras lecciones en Friburgo, especialmente en el semestre de posguerra de 1919, así como las discusiones que sostenía con las filosofías radicales de Dilthey, Rickert y Husserl. A partir de eso se entenderá de mejor forma porqué Heidegger requirió rehabilitar la filosofía práctica de Aristóteles.
LIMITES DEL CONOCIMIENTO METAFÍSICO, SEGÚN KANT Y TOMÁS DE AQUINO
Authors: Vicente-Burgoa Lorenzo
Published: June 2016

El estudio comparativo de Kant y Tomás de Aquino, en cuanto al tema de las limitaciones del conocimiento metafísico presenta unas coincidencias notables, a pesar de las claras diferencias del enfoque sistemático de cada uno. Ello permite apreciar también mejor el nudo del problema y quizás clarificar un poco mejor las cuestiones relativas al valor del conocimiento metafísico. A pesar de las apariencias, nuestro enfoque no es primordialmente histórico, sino filosófico-temático. Los autores citados nos sirven para estudiar un problema filosófico y no tanto como argumentos de autoridad. Por ello nos atenemos a las fuentes primarias y no citamos estudios históricos, salvo para clarificar las dudas de interpretación o confirmar las aserciones del autor.
Marco Tulio Cicerón: Disputas tusculanas, 2ª. ed., introd., versión y notas de Julio Pimentel Álvarez, México: UNAM/IIFL 2008, (Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Mexicana), CCCXCII +237 (dobles) pp.
Authors: Aguirre Víctor Hugo Méndez
Published: June 2016

Marco Tulio Cicerón: Disputas tusculanas, 2ª. ed., introd., versión y notas de Julio Pimentel Álvarez, México: UNAM/IIFL 2008, (Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Mexicana), CCCXCII +237 (dobles) pp.
LA ANTROPOLOGÍA TOMISTA DE LAS PASIONES
Authors: Pé Antonio Malo
Published: June 2016

El estudio tomista de las pasiones permite fundar la antropología sobre firmes bases metafísicas y psicológicas. La metafísica de la creación y la unión sustancial son los pilares metafísicos de esta antropología, mientras que la experiencia de esta unión constituye el pilar psicológico. A partir del análisis de estos elementos, el autor entresaca lo que él denomina la antropología tomista de las pasiones, haciendo ver cómo las pasiones humanas se distinguen de las animales tanto por lo que se refiere a la relación entre instancias aprensivas y desiderativas, como por lo que se refiere a la experiencia de la pasión en sus diferentes avatares: desde el amor a la esperanza pasando por el deseo. La conclusión es que la comprensión de la antropología de las pasiones es necesaria para entender con más claridad la unión sustancial y la integración de la afectividad humana en la persona mediante la acción y las virtudes.
PENSAR LA MORAL DESDE LA BELLEZA: UNA LECTURA DEL PARÁGRAFO CINCUENTA Y NUEVE DE LA Kritik der Urteilskraft
Authors: Elorduy Eduardo Charpenel
Published: June 2016

Mi objetivo en este artículo es estudiar el papel de la belleza como símbolo de la moralidad en la Kritik der Urteilskraft. En primer lugar, realizo una comparación entre el esquematismo de los conceptos y el proceso del razonamiento analógico. Lo que sostengo es que el razonamiento analógico y simbólico conduce en Kant a una consideración sobre los objetos bajo las condiciones establecidas por el agente reflexivo mismo: la tesis que mostraré con ello es que los objetos simbólicos contribuyen a los propios propósitos de reflexión de uno sobre una temática particular. Posteriormente, explico por qué Kant considera que la belleza es un símbolo adecuado de la moralidad en vistas de la existencia de un interesante número de similitudes entre el ámbito de lo estético y de lo moral. Finalmente, discuto por qué únicamente la libertad puede exhibirse por medio de un símbolo según la estética kantiana, y por qué las otras ideas de la razón—Dios y el alma—están mucho más asociadas con la experiencia de lo sublime.
SINKRONISASI PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN MENGENAI PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA
Authors: Rosidah Zaidah Nur
Published: June 2016

This study aims to know the horizontal and vertical synchronization of legislation on interfaith marriage in Indonesia. This study is a part of normative legal research which is projected to examine the harmonization of legislation regarding interfaith marriage. The current approach of this research is legislation approach (statue approach) in which the data was collected by reciting the literature of primary and secondary legal materials. The next to analysis the data, the researcher examined them through horizontal and vertical synchronization.  And the last, the finding outs are :  the first, it horizontally occurs discrepancies between the regulation No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and the regulation No. 23 of 2006 on Demographic and Civic Administration. According to the marriage regulation, interfaith marriage is prohibited meanwhile Demographic and Civic Administration regulation allows it. The second, vertically, between the Marriage regulation of the Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 and Presidential Decree No. 9 of 1991 already contained synchronization that prohibits interfaith marriage. However, the Cross Marriage Regulation No. 158 of 1898 occurred discrepancies in where Marriage regulation prohibits people to do the interfaith marriage, meanwhile according to the Cross Marriage Regulation, interfaith is not a barrier to marry.
MAKNA AHL AL-KITĀB DALAM KONTEKS HUKUM PERKAWINAN MUSLIM DAN AHL AL-KITĀB
Authors: Sya'roni Sam'ani
Published: June 2016

This article intends to (re) discuss about the position of ahl al-kitāb woman in the legal context of her marriage with a Muslim. Although thematically, this study has been carried out by experts, an interpretation approach used in this paper is expected to be as distinctive and produce a unique thought. According to khiṭāb Qur'an, that are called ahl al-kitāb are Jews and Christians. But some scholars expand the meaning scope of the ahl al-kitāb for all faiths whose holy book allegedly from God. Islam does not forbid people to marry with ahl al-kitāb. In other side, who is categorized scribes today is the problem. The controversial would be the root of the difference opinions among scholars that there are scholars who allow and forbid anyone on the basis of beneficiaries contains. However, the ability to marry the ahl al-kitāb is not a recommendation, so the positive and negative impacts should be considered in depth by Muslims.
PERGULATAN HUKUM DAN POLITIK DALAM LEGISLASI UU NO. 21 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG PERBANKAN SYARI’AH
Authors: Ghofur Abdul
Published: June 2016

This study intends to analyze the historical background of the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking in the perspective of relationship between law and political power. This study are considered attractive in the context of Indonesia as a state law that the majority of the population is Muslim, which is ethically Islamic law becomes an important part in the law development. Politically, the Indonesian government also has a historical background of the harmonious relationship with the Islamic forces. Determination of law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia banking is not free from the constellation and political configurations that occured at that time. However, despite decorated by strict political configuration, the determination of this statue has a accountability of its juridical basis, sociological, and philosophical. Determination This law proves that Islamic law has become one of the sources of national law and has the opportunity to contribute to the development of national laws optimally in the future.
EKSEKUSI HUKUMAN MATI Tinjauan Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah dan Keadilan
Authors: Yahya Imam
Published: June 2016

The debate about death penalty, is still attracted attention of people. At least, there are, two mainstream firstly those who agrees and secondly who refuses the death penalty being imposed. For those who agrees reasoned that severe violations of the right to life, should be punished by death so that could provide a deterrent effect, while those who refuses argued that the death penalty is a denial of human rights, especially right to life. The essence of the death penalty is not a violation of the law, because the implementation the death penalty actually enforced in order to protect human rights itself. In the view of Islamic law, death penalty, can be done on four cases, namely that of adultery, killing intentionally, Hirabah and apostasy. Furthermore, the death penalty should be carried out in accordance with maqāṣid al-sharī'ah and justice. In maqāṣid al-sharī'ah perspective, the purpose of death penalty should refer to maintain religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), maintain body or maintain the survival (ḥifẓ al-nafs), mind (ḥifẓ al-'aql), descent (ḥifẓ alnasl), and maintaining property (ḥifẓ al-māl). While in the perspective of justice, State, on behalf of the law must protect its citizens from legal events that harm society.
REKONSEPTUALISASI MAṬLA‘ DAN URGENSINYA DALAM UNIFIKASI AWAL BULAN QAMARIYAH
Authors: Muhaini Akhmad
Published: June 2016

In Indonesia, frequently occured the differences on initial determination of islamic lunar month such as Ramadhan, Syawal and Zulhijjah. This difference can not be separated from the two major methods of determining begining of lunar month namely ḥisāb (calculation) and ru’yat (observing hilāl). Apart from debate between ḥisāb and ru’yat, another issue that is also often raises is applicability rukyah and ḥisāb, known as validity of maṭlā‘. Meaning of the maṭlā‘s concept now seen no longer adequate and unable to overcome that differences. For that reason, reinterpretation of the maṭlā‘s meaning is something that is very important. However it should be noted that reinterpretation should not be out of bounds from Shar'i limitation and on the other hand must involve basic science of astronomy so can make it more up to date and more easily accepted rationally.
DINAMIKA HUKUM DAN PERKEMBANGAN PERBANKAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mujib Abdul
Published: June 2016

Almost all countries in the world including Indonesia give serious attention to the existence of Islamic banking that using religion approach in all activities and services. Institutional development it should be followed by the availability of legal basis, which is an established and clear. During the six years of its inception, the Islamic banking law stands with a very limited law basis, although the limitations of regulations have been describing aspects of sharia in Islamic banking for sure. The improvement of law is done by replacing Law No. 7 of 1992 by the Law No. 10 of 1998. This law has explicitly mention sharia aspects of Islamic banking, however Islamic banking regulation still governed together with conventional banking. The birth of Law 21 of 2008 became an important change for the development of Islamic banking. This law has given limits and a clear boundary line between Islamic banking and conventional banking in various aspects. The development of Islamic banking regulation are gaining its momentum with the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking. The strategic value of this law is increasingly opening up opportunities and legal certainty to accelerate the development of Islamic banks in the future
INTEGRASI HUKUM PAJAK DAN ZAKAT DI INDONESIA Telaah terhadap Pemikiran Masdar Farid Mas’udi
Authors: Triantini Zusiana Elly
Published: June 2016

Masdar Farid Mas'udi is famous as an eclectic scholar who produces Islamic thought (ijtihad), which is becomes a subject of conversation among thinkers of Islam in Indonesia. The discourse of zakat and tax integration actually is not something new, but substantially, his thoughts can be used as a consideration of zakat and tax policies in Indonesia, and even become enlightened understanding of Islamic substance in Indonesia. His thoughts on integration of zakat and tax caused controversy and quite diverse questions. This even seems “strange” because he wanted to unite two things that are different substantially and usefulness. However, if we understand his thought more comprehensively both its content and his method of ijtihad, it would seem that his real thinking about tax and zakat unification substantially, can be a problem solution of zakat and tax implementation for Muslims in Indonesia. This paper will present ideas, methods and the formulations of zakat and tax’s concept of Masdar Farid Mas'udi.
ASTRONOMI ISLAM DAN TEORI HELIOCENTRIS NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
Authors: Hambali Slamet
Published: June 2016

In the 13th century BC Heliocentric concept presented by the Greek philosopher: Aristarchus. But the theory is still a hypothesis, and contrary to the opinion of Aristoteles. Heliocentric theory has not been able to replace Geocentric one, especially with the emergence of Ptolemy (140 AD), known as a pioneer of the Geocentric theory, who wrote a big book titled Almagest which astronomers have refered for centuries. But after Nicolaus Copernicus wrote a book with the title De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, his published heliocentric theory, and finally It was able to undermine Geocentric theory that has long been established. Qur'an which was revealed long ago before this theory has been presented, has explained the astronomical concept such us motion of earth, that aligned with the Heliocentric theory. In the Qur'an there are some verses of earth, moon and sun, among others: Surat Yūnus: 5, al-Naml: 88, Yāsīn: 38, dan 40, al-Anbiyā’: 33, Āli ‘Imrān: 190. According to the exegete such Aḥmad Musṭafā al-Marāghī in his book Tafsir al-Marāghī, that the Heliocentric theory was the one that inline with the Qur'an,
and that the Heliocentric theory is a part of the miracle of the Qur'an.
OTENTISITAS SUNNAH DAN KEDUDUKANNYA DALAM LEGISLASI HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Hauqola Nur Kholis
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to discover the truth of the authenticity of the Sunnah as the basis of Islamic law legislation. The problem lies on the "doubt" polemic of the existence of Sunnah considering the length of time from the time of codification. Namely, on how the Sunnah "made" and defended as genuine (authentic) sources derived from the Prophet. How did the position of the Sunnah in Islamic law legislation that he deserves obeyed. To find out the answer to these problems, this study analyzes literatures related with, both the "pro-Sunnah" and the "counter-Sunnah", both from the insider and outsider. The conclusion is that the question of the authenticity of the Sunnah always raises debate over writing, history, until the issue of trustworthiness to it. This problem not only sparked debate in relation Muslims and non-Muslims, even among fellow Muslims themselves.
KANUNISASI FIKIH JINAYAT KONTEMPORER Studi Materi Muatan Qānūn Jināyat Aceh dan Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Aziz Samsudin
Published: June 2016

This article will view specifically codification of Islamic Criminal Law in `Muslim community, such as Brunei Darussalam, a country based on Islamic principles, and Aceh is a part of Indonesian territory administratively, granted special autonomy to implement Islamic Sharia. Despite having different qualities, -as a country and a province- both have in common as a political power which apply Islamic Criminal Law. Refer to both qānūn jināyat in Brunei and Aceh, the author’ll explain the substance of the criminal law in both area, while also reinforces the implementation of Islamic Criminal Law in the framework of a modern state. The article concludes that basically the application of Islamic Sharia, particularly the Islamic Criminal Law, is closely related to the situation and socio-political conditions of a community or country. The differences of political system, for example, has contributed to the difference in the output of product or policy made by a particular country or territory. On the other hand, Brunei and the Aceh case show that there has been adjustment Islamic Criminal Law specifically set forth in the books of fiqh (as illustration of the Qur'an and Sunnah) with the needs of the community itself
REKONSTRUKSI PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM MELALUI INTEGRASI METODE KLASIK DENGAN METODE SAINTIFIK MODERN
Authors: Mahsun Mahsun
Published: June 2016

This article discusses methodological thinking about integration deals between classical methods with modern scientific methods in a project of reconstruction of Islamic legal thought. The idea of this paper is motivated by the need for the development of Islamic thought, especially in Islamic law. Philosophically, the real emergence manhaji-eclectic method as a result of integration between the classical methods and modern scientific methods is possible. Implementation of the integration must meet the main prerequisites: first, making al-maṣlaḥah al-'āmmah (public decency) or maqāṣid alsharī’ah as a decisive consideration in seeking a legal aid in three main domains, namely ḍarūriyyah (urgent needs) ḥājiyyah (normal needs), and taḥsīniyyah (complementary needs). The second prerequisite, is the emergence of human consciousness that the classical method will not capable to answer the challenges that change dynamically. While the third, is the willingness of people to change to something new and better, as the implementation of al-muḥāfaẓah ‘alā al-qadīm al-ṣāliḥ wa al-akhdh bi ‘l-jadīd l-aṣlaḥ
REINTERPRETASI MAṢLAḤAH SEBAGAI METODE ISTINBĀṬ HUKUM ISLAM: Studi Pemikiran Hukum Islam Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm al-Shāṭibī
Authors: Farih Amin
Published: June 2016

This article aims to analyze al-Shāṭibī’s thought about maṣlaḥah and its contribution to the renewal of Islamic law. Maṣlaḥah is a method of istinbāṭ which aims to deprive human difficulties in carrying out their obligations, especially in the field of muamalah. General principles of maṣlaḥah that was conceived in al-Qur'an and hadis rise in the doctrine of maqāṣid al-sharī’ah. The main purpose is to enforce maṣlaḥah as an essential element for the all purposes of Islamic law. The doctrine of maqāṣid al-sharī’ah asserted that the purpose of the law is one, namely maṣlaḥah or goodness and prosperity of mankind. According to al-Shāṭibī, maṣlaḥah which formulated the law of Islam must consider the aspects of ḍarūriyyah, ḥājiyyah and taḥsīniyyah as a structure consisting of three tiers one of another mutually related. The significance of al-Shāṭibī’s thinking about maṣlaḥah mursalah is that this method is a kind of unification and as an alternative over differences of opinion among the scholars on the validity of maṣlaḥah mursalah as a method of Islamic law.
Proposta de um Jogo Pedagógico para dar Visibilidade a Violência Domêstica Durante a Gravidez
Authors: Barrientos Dora Mariela Salcedo , Miura Paula Orchiucci , Costa António Pedro , Siqueira Elienai de F. G.
Published: June 2016

A gravidez na adolescência é considerada um determinante social e um grave problema de saúde pública, devido a sua magnitude e amplitude e não é apenas fruto, mas também é um determinante da disfuncionalidade familiar. A violência doméstica também constitui um grave problema de saúde pública, uma vez que afeta profundamente a integridade física e psicológica das vítimas. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de jogo que atenda as necessidades em saúde das adolescentes grávidas que frequentam um Hospital Universitário na cidade de São Paulo...Palavras chave: Violência doméstica; Adolescentes Grávidas; Profissionais de Saúde; Gênero; Jogo.
Centralidade em Senador Canedo (GO): O caso do bairro Jardim das Oliveiras
Authors: Mendonça Gustavo Henrique , Luz Janes Socorro da
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho busca uma verificação da formação e existência da centralidade no bairro Jardim das Oliveiras na cidade de Senador Canedo (GO). Foi objetivado de modo geral caracterizar a formação desse subcentro de acordo com o arranjo interno do espaço da cidade, bem como as atividades desenvolvidas no bairro, como comércio e serviços e os usos exercido pela população do bairro. Buscou-se portanto, através de entrevistas com comerciantes, usuários e moradores do bairro, caracterizar duas avenidas como centralizadoras de atividades comerciais e de serviços na região, as avenidas Senador Canedo e Macaúbas. Desta maneira foi possível identificar a centralidade existente no bairro e a concentração de serviços e comércios nas avenidas mencionadas.Palavras chave: Centro; Centralidade; Jardim das Oliveiras; Senador Canedo.
Religiosidades no Cerrado: a festa do Divino Espírito Santo em Pirenópolis/GO
Authors: Curado João Guilherme da Trindade , Silva Erick Tavares
Published: June 2016

A Festa do Divino Espírito Santo que acontece em Pirenópolis (Goiás) desde 1819 é uma significativa manifestação da religiosidade popular que perdura por gerações e possui grande representatividade, por isso foi reconhecida como Patrimônio Cultural do Brasil em 2010. Pretendemos a partir das observações de campo e dos registros fotográficos realizados em 2014, descrever alguns aspectos desta Festa tão esperada e preparada pela comunidade pirenopolina e que apresenta saberes e fazeres exclusivos para esta festividade do Divino. Para tanto, abordaremos, também a partir da bibliografia existente sobre a Festa, aspectos ligados à tradição, destacando algumas das manifestações como as Folias, as Cavalhadas, os mascarados, o Imperador, o Reinado e o Juizado. Ainda serão destacados os aspectos alimentares que compõem o conjunto ritualístico e as espacialidades da Festa.Palavras chave: Festa do Divino; Religiosidade; Pirenópolis.
Deposição de Calda de Pulverização Hidráulica de Uso Agrícola em Condições Controladas de Temperatura
Authors: Queiroz Hélio De Souza , Reis Elton Fialho dos
Published: June 2016

Pesquisas agrícolas sobre aplicações hidráulicas de fitossanitários destacam significativa influência das perdas por deriva, influenciadas pelo vento, evaporação da água, tamanho das gotas pulverizadas e do tipo de produto aplicado. Objetivou-se avaliar em laboratório a influência das temperaturas da calda e do ambiente próximo ao bico de aplicação na deposição da solução aquosa sobre o alvo. A calda foi preparada com água destilada e deionizada e cloreto de potássio, sendo resfriada em refrigerador convencional. O ambiente foi resfriado utilizando tubo de vórtice com ar comprimido. Utilizou-se um pulverizador com injeção de CO2, mantendo constantes os parâmetros: altura, velocidades de aplicação e do vento. A taxa de deposição no alvo foi avaliada através da análise de condutividade elétrica. O experimento foi realizado em blocos, em parcelas subdivididas. Os resultados mostraram que a redução das duas temperaturas analisadas provocou aumento na deposição no alvo, destacando a influência da temperatura da calda.Palavras chave: Eficiência de Pulverização; Resfriamento Localizado do Ar; Tubo de Vórtice; Resfriamento da Calda de Agrotóxicos.
Carta Editorial
Authors: Cravo Pedro Vitor Lemos , Silva Sandro Dutra
Published: June 2016

A última edição de 2015 da revista Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, está disponível com a grata notícia de ter sido aprovada em avaliação feita pela Scopus Title Evaluation Support para compor os periódicos indexados pela Elsevier/Scopus. A Scopus figura como uma das mais importantes bases de dados de revistas científicas, com uma visão abrangente da produção de pesquisa do mundo nas áreas de ciência, tecnologia, medicina, ciências sociais e artes e humanidades. Num momento em que a divulgação científica se torna cada vez mais global, interdisciplinar e colaborativa, esse reconhecimento auxilia a nossa orientação em buscar cada vez mais esse caminho como missão e visão da Fronteiras. Nesse sentido é que o volume 4, número 3 (2015) se propõe a cumprir parte dessa missão, agora com a chancela de mais uma importante referência em base de dados de divulgação científica que é a Scopus
Dinâmica de Uso e Cobertura da Terra em Paisagem no Interior do Estado de São Paulo: Subsídios para o planejamento
Authors: Trevisan Diego Peruchi , Moschini Luiz Eduardo
Published: June 2016

Os padrões temporais de mudanças das paisagens somente serão revelados através da descrição dos processos que influenciam sua a dinâmica. Diante da necessidade de determinar estes processos, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a caracterização ambiental do município brasileiro de Americana-SP, bem como, analisar a dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra em 1984, 1991, 1997, 2008 e 2014. O enfoque do procedimento metodológico foi a caracterização ambiental do município e a utilização da dinâmica de usos na avaliação da paisagem por meio de imagens LandSat, referentes à área de estudo. O uso com maior destaque ao longo dos anos foi o urbano, com aumento de 16,88% em todo o período estudado. Em contrapartida, tal crescimento tem gerado impactos sobre os ecossistemas naturais, com perda de áreas e diminuição de sua conectividade. O planejamento do município deve ser sistemático para que sejam ideais sustentavelmente e cumpram seus objetivos. Palavras chave: Uso e Cobertura da Terra; Dinâmica da Paisagem; Conservação dos Ecossistemas.
Genetic, Environmental, and Disease-Associated Correlates of Vitamin D Status in Children with CKD
Authors: Doyon Anke , Schmiedchen Bettina , Sander Anja , Bayazit Aysun , Duzova Ali , Canpolat Nur , Thurn Daniela , Azukaitis Karolis , Anarat Ali , Bacchetta Justine , Mir Sevgi , Shroff Rukshana , Yilmaz Ebru , Candan Cengiz , Kemper Markus , Fischbach Michel , Cortina Gerard , Klaus Günter , Wuttke Matthias , Köttgen Anna , Melk Anette , Querfeld Uwe , Schaefer Franz ,   for the 4C Study Consortium
Published: June 2016

Background and objectives

Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in children with CKD. We sought to investigate the association of genetic disposition, environmental factors, vitamin D supplementation, and renal function on vitamin D status in children with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, and 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D concentrations were measured cross-sectionally in 500 children from 12 European countries with CKD stages 3–5. All patients were participants of the Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease Study, had CKD stage 3–5, and were age 6–18 years old. Patients were genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding 25-hydroxylase, vitamin D binding protein, 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, and 24-hydroxylase. Associations of genetic status, season, local solar radiation, oral vitamin D supplementation, and disease-associated factors with vitamin D status were assessed.

Results

Two thirds of patients were vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxy-vitamin D <16 ng/ml). 25-Hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations varied with season and were twofold higher in vitamin D–supplemented patients (21.6 [14.1] versus 10.4 [10.1] ng/ml; P<0.001). Glomerulopathy, albuminuria, and girls were associated with lower 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels. 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D levels were closely correlated with 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (r=0.87 and r=0.55; both P<0.001). 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D concentrations were higher with higher c-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 and inversely correlated with intact parathyroid hormone. Whereas 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were independent of renal function, 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D levels were lower with lower eGFR. Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in Turkey than in other European regions independent of supplementation status and disease-related factors. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D binding protein gene were independently associated with lower 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and higher 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D.

Conclusions

Disease-related factors and vitamin D supplementation are the main correlates of vitamin D status in children with CKD. Variants in the vitamin D binding protein showed weak associations with the vitamin D status.
Genetic diversity and population structure of the narrow endemic and endangered species Heteroplexis microcephala Y. L. Chen. in China revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers
Authors: Shi Yancai , Wei Xiao , Wei Jiqing , Li Yongtao , Chai Shengfeng , Tang Jianming
Published: June 2016

Heteroplexis microcephala Y. L. Chen. is an endemic and endangered species
found only in karst limestone regions in the Yangshuo County of the Guangxi
Zhuang Autonomous Region in China: it is a habitat representative of species
in the Heteroplexis genus. To provide basic genetic information for its
conservation, in this study we evaluated the genetic variation and
differentiation among six wild populations of H. microcephala by random
amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD). The leaves of 141 individuals were
sampled. Based on 12 primers, 113 DNA fragments were generated. Genetic
diversity was low at the population level (Nei?s gene diversity (h)=0.0579;
Shannon information index (I)=0.0924; percentage of polymorphic bands
(PPB)=23.30%), but relatively high at the species level (h=0.1701; I=0.2551;
PPB=46.34%). The coefficient of genetic differentiation based on Nei?s
genetic diversity analysis (0.6661) was high, indicating that there was
significant genetic differentiation among populations, which was confirmed
by AMOVA analysis exhibiting population differentiation among populations of
68.77%. Low gene flow among populations (0.2507) may result from several
factors, such as a harsh pollination environment, population isolation and
low seed dispersal distance. Limited gene flow and self-compatibility are
the primary reasons for the high genetic differentiation observed for this
species. We propose the collection of seeds from more populations with fewer
individuals and core populations for ex situ conservation and suggest
methods to increase seed germination rates.
Noether’s theorem for nonconservative systems in quasicoordinates
Authors: Musicki Djordje
Published: June 2016

In this paper the generalized Noether?s theorem is given in quasicoordinates
for the systems of particles, the motion of which can be presented in
quasicoordinats and quasivelocities. After a systematic review of the
calculus with quasicoordinates and the corresponding Boltzmann-Hamel?s
equations of motion, the total variation of action is given in
quasicoordinates. Then, the corresponding generalized Noether?s theorem is
formulated, valid for nonconservative systems as well, which is obtained
from the total variation of action and corresponding Boltzmann-Hamel?s
equations. So formulated Noether?s theoerm in quasicoordinates is valid for
all conservative and nonconservative systems without any limitation. It is
applied to obtain the corresponding energy integrals in quasicoordinates for
conservative and nonconservative systems, in the latter case these are
energy integrals in broader sense. The obtained results are illustrated by a
characteristic example, where the corresponding energy integral is found.
This generalized Neother?s theorem is equivalent, but not in the form and
with some limitation, to the corresponding Noether?s theorem formulated by
Dj. Djuki.c [13], which is obtained from the invariance of total variation
only of element of action ?(??????). However, for nonconservative systems
the Lagrangian ??, appearing in this relations, represents not the usual,
but an equivalent Lagrangian, which completely determines the considered
system, including the influence of nonpotential forces. Therefore, the cited
Noether?s theorem is valid only for these nonconservative systems for which
it is possible to find such equivalent Lagrangian, (what for the natural
systems is mostly possible).
Read Range Sensitivity of Embedded RFID Tags in Commercial Tires
Authors: Wei Terence E. , Wilson Paul B.
Published: June 2016

Radiofrequency (RFID) identification is a commonly used technology in retail stores, highway toll payment transceivers, payment cards for mass transit systems, electronic access cards for office buildings, and many other applications. The use of RFID in tires can increase efficiencies of tracking manufacturing, distribution, retreading, and tire usage, resulting in reduced costs. Previous research has shown difficulty in obtaining a useful read range from RFID tags in tires, although most of these studies have involved passenger car tires that do not have steel body plies. In this work, commercially available RFID tags with helical dipole antennas were embedded into commercial tires of four different sizes. The difference in size between the largest and smallest tire used was 10%. These commercial tires have steel belts as well as steel body plies. Other than dimensions, all of the tires had identical tire constructions and used the same rubber compounds. Identical tags were embedded at the same location in all tires. Measurements were performed on multiple tires per size, which show that the read range of the helical dipole antenna has a high sensitivity to tire size. The sensitivity of the read range due to tire size is undesirable, because it means that sufficient read range may not be achieved in all tire constructions with the same tag.
Effects of Locomotor Exercise Intensity on Gait Performance in Individuals With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Leech Kristan A. , Kinnaird Catherine R. , Holleran Carey L. , Kahn Jennifer , Hornby T. George
Published: June 2016

Background

High-intensity stepping practice may be a critical component to improve gait following motor incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). However, such practice is discouraged by traditional theories of rehabilitation that suggest high-intensity locomotor exercise degrades gait performance. Accordingly, such training is thought to reinforce abnormal movement patterns, although evidence to support this notion is limited.

Objective

The purposes of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effects of short-term manipulations in locomotor intensity on gait performance in people with iSCI and (2) to evaluate potential detrimental effects of high-intensity locomotor training on walking performance.

Design

A single-day, repeated-measures, pretraining-posttraining study design was used.

Methods

Nineteen individuals with chronic iSCI performed a graded-intensity locomotor exercise task with simultaneous collection of lower extremity kinematic and electromyographic data. Measures of interest were compared across intensity levels of 33%, 67%, and 100% of peak gait speed. A subset of 9 individuals participated in 12 weeks of high-intensity locomotor training. Similar measurements were collected and compared between pretraining and posttraining evaluations.

Results

The results indicate that short-term increases in intensity led to significant improvements in muscle activity, spatiotemporal metrics, and joint excursions, with selected improvements in measures of locomotor coordination. High-intensity locomotor training led to significant increases in peak gait speed (0.64–0.80 m/s), and spatiotemporal and kinematic metrics indicate a trend for improved coordination.

Limitations

Measures of gait performance were assessed during treadmill ambulation and not compared with a control group. Generalizability of these results to overground ambulation is unknown.

Conclusions

High-intensity locomotor exercise and training does not degrade, but rather improves, locomotor function and quality in individuals with iSCI, which contrasts with traditional theories of motor dysfunction following neurologic injury.