bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Calamintha officinalis on Vascular Contractility and Angiotensinconverting Enzyme-2
Authors: Eddouks Mohamed , Azzane Amine , Azzaoui Bouchra , Akdad Mourad , Bouadid Ismail
Published: March 2022

Aims:

The study aimed to assess the antihypertensive activity of Calamintha officinalis.

Background:

Calamintha officinalis (CO) is a medicinal and aromatic herb as well as an antihypertensive plant that is widely used for its medicinal properties in several regions.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Calamintha officinalis (AECO) on vasorelaxant activity and arterial blood pressure under normal and hypertensive states in rats. Additionally, the effect of AECO on vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) was assessed.

Material and Methods:

In the current study, AECO (100 mg/Kg) was prepared, and its antihypertensive ability was assessed in L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded for 6 h for the acute experiment and during seven days for the subchronic treatment.

Results:

The results indicated that AECO reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensive rats. In addition, the study showed that AECO exerts a vasorelaxant ability through the sGC-cGMP induction pathway, vascular cyclooxygenase pathway, and the opening of K+ channels. However, AECO had no inhibitory effect on aortic ACE-2.

Conclusion:

The study illustrates the beneficial action of AECO as an antihypertensive and vasorelaxant agent.
Challenges and Approaches of Drugs Such as Memantine,
Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Aducanumab in the Treatment,
Control and Management of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Saeedi Mohammad , Mehranfar Fatemeh
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of neuropsychiatric illness that affects the
central nervous system. In this disease, the accumulation of amyloid-beta increases, and
phosphorylated tau (P-tau) protein is one of the ways to treat this disease is to reduce the
accumulation of amyloid-beta. Various studies have demonstrated that pharmacological
approaches have considerable effects in the treatment of AD, despite the side effects and
challenges. Cholinesterase inhibitors and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine are
presently authorized therapies for AD. Memantine and Donepezil are the most common
drugs for the prevention and therapy of AD with mechanisms such as lessened β-amyloid
plaque, affecting N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Diminution glutamate and
elevated acetylcholine are some of the influences of medications administrated to treat AD,
and drugs can also play a role in slowing the progression of cognitive and memory impairment.
A new pharmacological approach and strategy are required to control the future
of AD. This review appraises the effects of memantine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and aducanumab
in clinical trials, in vitro and animal model studies that have explored how these
drugs versus AD development and also discuss possible mechanisms of influence on the
brain. Research in clinical trials has substantial findings that support the role of these
medications in AD treatment and ameliorate the safety and efficacy of AD therapy, although
more clinical trials are required to prove their effectiveness.
Protective Role of Eupafolin against Tumor, Inflammation, Melanogenesis,
Viral Disease and Renal Injury: Pharmacological and Analytical Aspects
through Scientific Data Analysis
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background:

Plant derived natural products have been always used in medicine for the treatment of human disorders due to their pharmacological activities and safety profile. Plant derived natural products have been used in food, Nutraceuticals and medicine for the better growth and development. Phytoconstituents are pure chemicals derived from various plant material and some of the best examples are tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, terpenoids, coumarins, polysaccharides, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. Flavonoids are pure phytochemicals present in plants and their derived products and examples are eupafolin, kaempferol, quercetin, apigenin, myricetin, and luteolin. Flavonoids have different pharmacological activities due to their unique chemical structure and ring substitution.

MethodS:

In the present investigation, various scientific databases, including PubMed, Google, Science Direct and Scopus, have been searched to collect all the needed information of eupafolin. The biological potential and pharmacological activities of eupafolin have been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of eupafolin through different scientific works. Detailed pharmacological activities of eupafolin have been collected and analyzed in the present work to know their effectiveness in the medicine for the treatment of human disorders. The importance of analytical techniques for the separation, identification and quantification of eupafolin in medicinal plants has been also investigated in the present work through literature data analysis.

Results:

Analysis of scientific databases revealed that eupafolin is a flavonoid class phytochemical found to be present in Arnica chamissonis, Arnica Montana, Artemisia mongolica, Artemisia princeps, Artemisia scoparia, Chamaemelum nobile, Dimerostemma vestitum, Eupatorium cannabinum, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Gaillardia aristata, Kalanchoe brasiliensis, Kalanchoe pinnata, Korscheltellus gracilis, Lantana montevidensis, Lippia canescens, Lippia dulcis, Phyla nodiflora and Salvia officinalis. Scientific research data analysis revealed the biological importance of eupafolin in medicine due to its anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-oxidant activity. However its potential on melanogenesis, cardiomyocytes, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, glutamate release has been also mentioned in the scientific research work. The study of analytical data revealed the importance of Gas chromatography, GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-UV, TLC and UHPLC-MS for qualitative and quantitative analysis of eupafolin in the medicine and other allied health sectors.

Conclusion:

Eupafolin has a very impressive pharmacological profile and could be used against different types of human disorders.
Recent Advances in Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Updates on
Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutics for COVID-19
Authors: Mukherjee Maumita D. , Kumar Anil , Solanki Pratima R. , Verma Damini , Yadav Amit K. , Chaudhary Navneet , Kumar Pramod
Published: March 2022

A more focused approach is needed to understand the SARS-CoV-2 virulence, structure, and
genomics to devise more effective diagnostic and treatment interventions as this virus can evade the immune
attack and causes life-threatening complications such as cytokine storm. The spread of the virus is
still amplifying and causing thousands of new cases worldwide. It is essential to review current diagnostics
and treatment approaches to pave the way to correct or modify our current practices to make more
effective interventions against COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccine development has moved at a breakneck
pace since the outbreak began, utilizing practically all possible platforms or tactics to ensure the success
of vaccines. A total of 42 vaccine candidates have already entered clinical trials, including promising
results from numerous vaccine candidates in phase 1 or phase 2 trials. Further, many existing drugs are
being explored on broad-spectrum antiviral medications for their use in clinical recovery against COVID-
19. The present review attempts to re-examine the SARS-CoV-2 structure, its viral life cycle, clinical
symptoms and pathogenesis, mode of transmission, diagnostics, and treatment strategies that may be useful
for resorting to more effective approaches for controlling COVID-19. Various antiviral drugs and
vaccination strategies with their strengths and weaknesses are also discussed in the paper to augment our
understanding of COVID-19 management.
Trump's strategic maneuvering in coronavirus press conferences
Authors: Al-Hindawi Fareed Hameed , Rahi Hawraa Jabbar
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus Pandemic attracts the attention of most, if not all researchers, each from his perspective. Trump's press conferences about coronavirus are fertile land to study strategic maneuvering. This study, therefore, aims at identifying the pragmatic structure of Trump's strategic maneuvering in a coronavirus press conference. In accordance with its aim, the study hypothesizes that strategic maneuvering in Trump's coronavirus press conference is pragmatically constructed by three stages, namely: the unveiling, the maneuvering, and the terminating stages, and each stage of its pragmatic structure has certain tactics and strategies. For the sake of achieving its aim and testing the validity of its hypothesis, this study follows certain steps. It mainly reviews the relevant literature about strategic maneuvering, analyzes six situations from the press conference at hand via a model developed by the study for this purpose. The analysis conducted by this study has led to a variety of conclusions, the most central of which is that Trump's strategic maundering is pragmatically rooted in terms of stages, tactics, and strategies. Additionally, the analysis proves the workability and instrumentality of the pragmatic model developed by the study to examine strategic maneuvering in Trump's coronavirus press conferences from a pragmatic point of view.
The pedagogical challenges of teaching psychiatry residents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Knez Rajna
Published: March 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged and almost completely disrupted the previous teaching system, based mainly on teachers’ and learners’ physical presence. This impact has forced educators to identify alternative learning models and begin utilizing new approaches, often without detailed analysis or thorough, systematic planning. The current literature review aims to reveal some of the greatest pedagogical challenges in remotely teaching psychiatry residents during the pandemic. This mini-review’s results may help in developing additional pedagogical techniques and key applications for educational activities to teach psychiatry residents, as well as to suggest directions for future psychiatry resident education.
María Fernanda Yasnot A. Colombia en espera de la eliminación de la malaria
Authors: Yasnot María Fernanda
Published: March 2022

La malaria es una enfermedad que ha acompañado a los humanos desde hace más de 50.000 años, incluso puede que haya sido un patógeno humano durante toda la historia de la humanidad. De ella se tienen registros de hace unos 2700 años en la China.

Solo fue hasta 1880 que Charles Alfonse Louis Laveran obtuvo evidencias de que la malaria era producida por un protozoario. Posteriormente, Carlos Finlay sugirió que eran los mosquitos quienes la transmitían, teoría que fue corroborada por Ronald Ross en 1898 al probar que ciertas especies de mosquitos transmitían los parásitos a pájaros, al aislar parásitos de las glándulas salivales de mosquitos que se alimentaron de aves infectadas. 

Los hallazgos de Finlay y Ross fueron comprobados por un comité médico dirigido por Walter Reed en 1900. Las recomendaciones derivadas de este trabajo fueron implementadas por William C. Gorgas durante la construcción del Canal de Panamá y sirvieron como base para posteriores campañas de salud pública contra la malaria.
Estratificación del riesgo de transmisión malárica en la región Caribe colombiana.
Authors: Padilla Julio Cesar , Acuña Luis Mariano , Olivera Mario Javier
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de transmisión malárica en la región Caribe colombiana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo y retrospectivo en 167 municipios de la región entre los años 2010-2019. Se clasificaron los municipios como: E4: aquellos con casos autóctonos de focos activos y residuales; E3: receptivos, sin casos autóctonos, y con riesgo de importación del parásito; E2: receptivos sin transmisión y baja vulnerabilidad; E1: no receptivos ubicados por encima de los 1.600 msnm donde no existe riesgo comprobado de transmisión; acorde a la metodología de estratificación de la OPS (2019) Resultados: El 5% (8) de los municipios se clasificaron como E4, siete en el departamento de Bolívar y  uno en La Guajira. El 72,4% (121) de los municipios se clasificaron E3 y el 22,8% (38) como E2. La carga acumulada de casos en la región fue de 23.285 casos, con predominio de Plasmodium vivax, y el 80,8% (18.804 casos) de la carga se registró en los municipios E4. Conclusiones: La región Caribe colombiana evidencia transmisión endemo-epidémica, focal y dispersa, variable y de muy baja intensidad. Existen dos focos de transmisión autóctona activa en el sur de Bolívar y el área rural de Riohacha, La Guajira.
Biochemical Aspects of Lipid Peroxidation. Modern Methods of Diagnostics of Cell Membrane Damage
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Boldyreva Yulia V. , Mardanov Yunus M. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Lebedev Ilya A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Alyokhina Maria N. ,   Tyumen City Polyclinic No. 8, Zakharchuk Ekaterina V. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Adamchuk Sofia V. ,   Tyumen State Medical University
Published: March 2022

The fundamentals of the biochemical processes underlying the damage of cell membranes are characterized, and modern methods of diagnosing lipid peroxidation (POL) are considered. POL is a chain reaction that provides an expanded reproduction of free radicals (reactive oxygen species), which initiate the further spread of POL. Reactive oxygen species can take an electron (s) away from molecules and, thereby, start a cascade of free radical oxidation reactions, as a result of which the substance becomes unable to perform its functions, because first of all, the oxidation of cell lipids occurs, which leads to damage to the cell membrane and cell death as a whole. High activity of sex is characteristic of many diseases. Therefore, it is important to be able to diagnose the level of oxidative stress in the body. Oxidative stress is expressed in the formation of numerous products that differ in chemical structure, lifetime, toxicity and biological activity. The analysis of POL products is of interest for assessing the level of oxidative stress in the body, for studying the toxic, metabolic and regulatory effects of this process on the body, as well as for the diagnosis of certain diseases.
EXPLOITATION OF EDIBLE WILD PLANTS AS MEDICINAL PROPERTIES FOR PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN BIDAR DISTRICT, NORTH KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: M. P. SUJATA
Published: March 2022

Objective: Plants since times immemorial have been used practically in all societies as a source of medicine and food. The huge data of medicinal plants are available in the different geographical regions of India. Most of the knowledge and awareness about plants are found in the ethnic community and villages. The present paper tried to explore of medicinal plant property used in the study region with the help of ethnic communities.
Methods: A perspective documentation and cross-sectional studies of edible wild plants used as medicinal properties for various diseases of Bidar district. Surveys were undertaken in January 2018-July 2019in villages, ethnic people community and medicinal healers or local herbal practitioners in the study area.
Results: Total 42 medicinal healers’ interviews were undertaken by the help of questioners or a standard survey datasheet. During the survey, a description of, 63 edible wild plant species belonging to 40 families and 53 genera was recorded. Total63 edible wild plants are used as medicine to cure different diseases by local medicinal practitioners of the district. Among 63 edible wild plants, the plant parts leaf (31 species) is most abundantly used, followed by fruits (22 species) and other plant parts are with less than 5 species i.e. 4, 3, 2 and single species.
Conclusion: However, day by day people will be attracted towards herbal medicine for the treatment of diseases. Many of the herbal plants have no side effect. So far, the present paper has been communicated to give more and more medicinal properties of edible wild plants.
A Critical Review on Effects of Residual Stresses on Machining of Titanium alloys by various Non-Conventional Processes
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Hassan Mohammad , Pal Monu
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Titanium alloys possess some excellent properties that make the material of choice in many important industries. However, as titanium alloys undergo various kinds of machining operations in these industries, residual stresses may be generated within them, that can lead to significant reduction in their fatigue performance. Since titanium alloys are best machined by non-conventional processes, it is necessary for industry professionals working with titanium alloys to have accurate knowledge about residual stresses for optimum designing and manufacturing of reliable and safe components. This paper presents a critical review on the studies done by various authors to investigate the effects of residual stresses generated within titanium alloys under different non-conventional machining processes, so as to compile the available literature for the reference of industry professionals who work with titanium alloys. Keywords: Residual stresses, non-conventional machining, Titanium alloys, fatigue strength, residual stress measurement
Discrete-Time Quantum-Walk & Floquet Topological Insulators via Distance-Selective Rydberg-Interaction
Authors: Khazali Mohammadsadegh
Published: March 2022

This article proposes the first discrete-time implementation of Rydberg quantum walk in multi-dimensional spatial space that could ideally simulate different classes of topological insulators. Using distance-selective exchange-interaction between Rydberg excited atoms in an atomic-array with dual lattice-constants, the new setup operates both coined and coin-less models of discrete-time quantum walk (DTQW). Here, complicated coupling tessellations are performed by global laser that exclusively excite the site at the anti-blockade region. The long-range interaction provides a new feature of designing different topologically ordered periodic boundary conditions. Limiting the Rydberg population to two excitations, coherent QW over hundreds of lattice sites and steps are achievable with the current technology. These features would improve the performance of this quantum machine in running the quantum search algorithm over topologically ordered databases as well as diversifying the range of topological insulators that could be simulated.
Indeks razvitiya obshchestva potrebleniya: teoreticheskoe obosnovanie i pervichnaya validizatsiya pokazatelya
Authors: Babich N. S. , Batykov I. V.
Published: March 2022

The article considers a range of issues in the analysis of the consumer society in order to develop an index that characterizes states in terms of the degree of their consumerization. The authors suggest the staging of social changes in the development of the consumer society, the possibility of comparing societies on a scale that reflects this staging, and the presence of distinctive features determined by the mechanism of transition to this type of society. The article explains the role of individual demand, the quantitative increase in the possibilities of which is reflected in its qualitative structure, which determines the growth of the non-material demand, the potential of which far exceeds any possible demand for material goods. Based on the review of studies and statistical data, the authors confirm the central role of branding in the consumer society and develop the consumerization index (IC) as a natural logarithm of the product of the average per capita number of registered trademarks (T) and average per capita consumer spending (S) of households (IC=ln(ST)). The index reflects the space of consumption opportunities for the average individual in a particular society. According to the authors calculations, the lowest values of the index are observed in the poor countries of Asia and Africa, where the consumer society is obviously undeveloped, while the maximum values of the index - in the regions that can be considered a reference in terms of consumption. The authors assessed the convergent and discriminant validity of the index on the indicators of the information society development, economic, political and cultural globalization, and the connections it generates correspond to theoretical expectations. Thus, the constructed index can be considered a valid indicator and can be used in empirical cross-country comparisons based on the concept of the consumer society.
Uma Revisão Teórica da literatura sobre Empresas Familiares: Posicionamento do campo frente às teorias
Authors: Silva Bárbara Gabrielle , Ornellas Ana Luiza Monteiro Bastos , Araújo Uajará Pessoa
Published: March 2022

A pesquisa sobre empresas familiares vivenciou nos últimos anos mudanças importantes em termos de produção científica. A ascensão da relevância de tais pesquisas podem ser comprovada com a crescente apresentação do tema em periódicos reconhecidos e pela criação e consolidação de revistas especializadas na temática. À medida que a literatura cresce, encontrar novos horizontes de pesquisa e identificar possibilidades de direções futuras, torna-se um importante passo para o avanço do conhecimento. Neste sentido, o presente artigo se propôs a consolidar uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema, afim de compreender onde o campo tem se posicionado atualmente, quais fontes e correntes teóricas os estudos sobre essa temática têm bebido e quais oportunidades e direções para pesquisas futuras. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura e um levantamento da produção científica publicada em periódicos de reconhecida relevância para a área de empresas familiares. A metodologia empregada foi qualitativa de cunho descritiva e a coleta dos dados realizada através de buscas em bases de dados. Identificaram-se 100 artigos científicos que trataram da temática e as análises foram relacionadas às teorias e metodologias empregadas. Com isso, espera-se que o presente estudo auxilie na abertura de novos caminhos para a pesquisa sobre empresas familiares, contribua para o crescimento do interesse acadêmico e avanço do campo de estudos.Palavras-Chave: Empresa Familiar. Empreendedorismo Familiar. Revisão da Literatura.
Na Expectativa de Um Novo Tempo
Authors: Gurgel Claudio
Published: March 2022

A revista Estudos de Administração e Sociedade, neste número, tal qual no número anterior, reflete as expectativas de que em breve possamos retomar com toda energia e determinação a reconstrução do Brasil pós pandemia.
An intriguing mass associated with a cleft palate.
Authors: Daldoul Malek , Tritar Sirine , Ayachi Samia , Moatemri Ramzi , Khochteli Habib
Published: March 2022

Nasopharyngeal teratomas (NPT) are rare and represent only 2% of all
teratomas. They can lead to an embryopathogenic mechanical obstacle
responsible for a cleft palate (CP). We report the case of a
14-month-old female with NPT associated with a CP.
Nodal Surfaces of Wave Functions of Many-Electron Systems
Authors: Smolenskii Evgenii , Ryzhov Anton , Chuvaeva Irina , Eliseev Oleg
Published: March 2022

Possible theoretical basis for the hypothesis of prohibition of some
electron configurations in atoms and molecules presented by one of the
authors earlier is considered. Existence of such prohibited
configurations follows from the wave function antisymmetry of atoms and
molecules. Our hypothesis is as follows: the configurations, in which
the potentials of any two electrons with the same spins are equal, are
forbidden. If the hypothesis comes true, it will be possible to find the
nodal surfaces of many-electron wave functions for atoms and molecules
analytically a priori.
Cardiac Surgery in Nonagenarians: Rethinking operative strategies in the era of TAVR and TMVR
Authors: Pereira Sara
Published: March 2022

As growth of the elderly population continues to increase alongside
improvements in percutaneous and minimally invasive interventions,
cardiac surgeons question the role of high-risk surgery in treating
these patients. TAVR has transformed the management of symptomatic
severe aortic stenosis in elderly patients, and has become standard
therapy for patients greater than 80 years of age. With improvements in
procedural risks and technical complications for both transcatheter
valves and percutaneous interventions, should we rethink the operative
strategies for octogenarians and nonagenarians, particularly as they
apply to concurrent high-risk operations?
Home Hospital and Health Education: Legal documentation analysis pre COVID
Authors: André das Dores Ricardo Miguel , Clara Ana Rita
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Hospital from home (HH) is a valid and stable alternative to the conventional hospital admission. Although it has been used since early XX century only recently was implemented in Portugal, on the public sector. Health literacy is a sine qua non condition to exercise of citizenship and informed consenting.
Method: document analysis based on a review process of public legal documents from the last 5 years related with the implementation of HH and the development and role that health literacy plays on the process on HH. A discourse analysis was undertaken after documents gathering.
Results: a total of 27 documents were recovered from the Portuguese public legal database (Diário da República Portuguesa). From those, a total of 3 versed HH. Discourse analysis presented the lack of emphasis on health literacy on the documents and, thus, on the legal fundamentals of implementation of HH units.
Conclusions: Health literacy is a key element to included individuals on their health seeking behaviors and to manage their own health balance. Thus, to accept a different kind of hospital admission (when conditions are met) individuals should be provided with fundamental tools to overcome and develop their health literacy and to have an informed decision and consenting. Health literacy and health education are the core of HH units and, therefore, should be present on the discourse that establishes the units implementation on a legal basis.
Japanese Detective Novels and Southeast Asia
Authors: YOSHIDA Morio
Published: March 2022

Southeast Asia as depicted in Japanese detective novels was not only a source of exotic mysteries, but also a space where complex histories and cultures were intertwined. One example is “Kaikyo Tenchikai”, written by Oguri Mushitaro, who stayed in Murray from 1941 to 1942. One feature of this work is that the people who solve the novel’s mystery are Iinuma, an apprentice doctor, and Kogure, a detective novelist and a member of the press. Their relationship is reminiscent of the one between Holmes and Watson, but the detective and the narrator are not clearly distinct, and in fact their voices gradually overlap. They are more like characters in spy novels than in detective novels. Another example of the genre is Yuki Shoji’s “Gomez no na ha Gomez”, in which a former Japanese soldier who assimilated into Vietnam appears, having not returned to Japan after the end of the war. Here, the theme of being a double agent overlaps with that of national betrayal. In one more example, a Japanese holdout from the end of the war living in Asia also appears in Matsumoto Seicho’s “Atsui Kinu”. Ultimately, the divergence between the ideal of the liberation of Asia, which was the cause of the Pacific War, and the reality brought about by the Japanese military invasion, casts a complex shadow over mysteries set in Southeast Asia.
On the Korean translation of Japanese Philosophy：A Sourcebook
Authors: KIM Seungchul
Published: March 2022

The Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture in Nagoya, Japan, published Japanese Philosophy：A Sourcebook, which was translated into Korean and published by Bogosa in 2021 as 일본철학사상자료집 (Ilbon Cheolhak Sasangjaryo Chib). The translation was carried out through the cooperation of 19 Korean scholars who specialize in Japanese religion, philosophy, literature, and so on, who are mainly affiliated with Korea University’s Global Institute for Japanese Studies. We hope that this work will help many Koreans understand and access the sources of Japanese religious and philosophical thought.
Interactive Auditor-Client Negotiations: The Effects of the Accumulating Nature and Direction of Audit Differences
Authors: Hatfield Richard C. , Mullis Curtis E. , Trotman Ken T.
Published: March 2022

In this study, we consider how the accumulating nature and income direction of audit differences influence negotiated audit adjustments. We test our expectations by constructing dyads consisting of experienced auditors and financial officers, allowing them to interact via a web-based instrument. As predicted, based on expectancy violation theory and consideration of negotiation leverage, these audit difference characteristics alter the behaviors and negotiated outcomes of our participants. Specifically, dyads determine smaller adjustments when audit differences accumulate over time. Analysis of auditor-client expectations and dialog suggests the leverage of the negotiators impacts the arguments used and the persuasiveness of those arguments. Dyads also produce smaller adjustments when an accumulating audit difference increases, rather than decreases, income, due in part to clients successfully using conservatism as a persuasive argument to convince auditors to concede. Our method provides insight into how these effects occur and how the social process can alter auditors' pre-negotiation expectations.
Efficacy and Safety of K-877 (Pemafibrate), a Selective PPARα Modulator, in European Patients on Statin Therapy
Authors: Ginsberg Henry N. , Hounslow Neil J. , Senko Yusuke , Suganami Hideki , Bogdanski Pawel , Ceska Richard , Kalina Akos , Libis Roman A. , Supryadkina Tatiana V. , Hovingh G. Kees
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

High plasma triglyceride (TG) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Fibrates lower TG levels through peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα) agonism. Currently available fibrates, however, have relatively low selectivity for PPARα. The aim of this trial was to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of K-877 (pemafibrate), a selective PPARα modulator, in statin-treated European patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 408 statin-treated adults were recruited from 68 European sites for this phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They had fasting TG between 175 and 500 mg/dL and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) ≤50 mg/dL for men and ≤55 mg/dL for women. Participants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or one of six pemafibrate regimens: 0.05 mg twice a day, 0.1 mg twice a day, 0.2 mg twice a day, 0.1 mg once daily, 0.2 mg once daily, or 0.4 mg once daily. The primary end points were TG and non–HDL-C level lowering at week 12.

RESULTS

Pemafibrate reduced TG at all doses (adjusted P value <0.001), with the greatest placebo-corrected reduction from baseline to week 12 observed in the 0.2-mg twice a day treatment group (54.4%). Reductions in non–HDL-C did not reach statistical significance. Reductions in TG were associated with improvements in other markers for TG-rich lipoprotein metabolism, including reductions in apoB48, apoCIII, and remnant cholesterol and an increase in HDL-C levels. Pemafibrate increased LDL-cholesterol levels, whereas apoB100 was unchanged. Pemafibrate was safe and well-tolerated, with only minor increases in serum creatinine and homocysteine concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS

Pemafibrate is effective, safe, and well-tolerated for the reduction of TG in European populations with hypertriglyceridemia despite statin treatment.
Metabolomics and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Morze Jakub , Wittenbecher Clemens , Schwingshackl Lukas , Danielewicz Anna , Rynkiewicz Andrzej , Hu Frank B , Guasch-Ferré Marta
Published: March 2022

Background Due to the
rapidly increasing availability of metabolomics data in prospective studies, an
update of the meta evidence on metabolomics and type 2 diabetes risk is warranted.

Purpose To conduct an updated systematic review and
meta-analysis of plasma, serum, or urine metabolite markers and incident type 2
diabetes.

Data Sources PubMed and Embase.

Study Selection Prospective observational studies investigating
the relationship between plasma, serum, or urine metabolites using high
throughput techniques and incident type 2 diabetes.

Data Extraction Baseline
metabolites per-standard deviation risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals
for incident type 2 diabetes were extracted from all eligible studies.

Data Synthesis Sixty-one
reports with 71,196 participants and 11,771 type 2 diabetes cases/events were
included in the updated review. Overall, 412 metabolites were meta-analyzed, of
which 123 were statistically significantly associated (FDR-P<0.05) with type
2 diabetes risk. Higher plasma and serum levels of certain amino acids (branched-chain,
aromatic, alanine, glutamate, lysine, and methionine), carbohydrates and
energy-related metabolites (mannose, trehalose, pyruvate), acylcarnitines (C4DC,
C4OH, C5, C5OH, C8:1), the majority of meta-analyzed glycerolipids (di- and
triacylglycerols), (lyso)phosphatidylethanolamines, and ceramides were
associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07-2.58). Higher levels of
glycine, glutamine, betaine, indolepropionate, and (lyso)phosphatidylcholines
were associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk (HR 0.69-0.90).

Limitations Substantial
heterogeneity (I2>50%, t2>0.1) was observed
for some of the metabolites.

Conclusions Several
plasma and serum metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates
are associated with type 2 diabetes risk.
Corrosion resistance of novel coatings on packaging steels
Authors:   , Whiteside Jordan W. J.
Published: March 2022

ECCS (Electrolytically Chromium Coated Steel) is historically made from a Cr(VI) based bath, but REACH legislation makes market expansions following this route restricted. A novel chromium based coating alternative has been developed by Tata Steel using a Cr(III) containing electrolyte. Initial studies were undertaken to understand the relationship between deformation of the packaging steels and the resultant impact on corrosion performance. An organic overcoat (PVB) was applied to strained samples and an in-situ scanning Kelvin probe technique (SKP) was used to determine rates of PVB cathodic disbondment. The Cr(VI) derived coatings were fully resistant to cathodic disbondment post-deformation. The Cr(III) derived coatings exhibited increased rates of cathodic disbondment with increasing uniaxial strain. Enhancements of the Cr(III) based coating were explored using a citric acid passivation treatment. SVET (scanning vibrating electrode technique) was used to study aqueous corrosion mechanisms and time lapse photography was utilized to measure PVB cathodic disbondment on the Cr(III) coated substrate. The best performance for localised corrosion was identified at a passivation time of 5 minutes. However, 15 minutes of treatment produced improvements in suppressing cathodic disbondment rates of the PVB overcoat. The primary mechanisms for the passivation treatment with citric acid was identified as chromium oxidation and the dissolution of surface iron. Prolonged exposure to citric acid incurred a detrimental effect in aqueous corrosion circumstances, however an enhanced performance during cathodic disbondment studies. The influence of changes in total chromium coating weight and chromium oxide levels on corrosion resistance were studied, revealing a correlation between higher coating weights and resistance to filiform corrosion. SVET experiments revealed the resistance to localised corrosion activity was not dependent on total coating weight, but the levels of chromium oxide on the Cr(III) coating.
Knowledge and Attitude toward Bariatric Surgery among Family Physicians in Cluster 2, Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alwhibi Mohammed W. , Alfawaz Abdulrahman M. , Alfakhri Mohannad M. , Alsadhan Khalid F.
Published: March 2022

Aim: The present study aimed at investigating knowledge and attitudes towards bariatric surgery among family medicine physicians at cluster two in Riyadh city. Method: A cross-sectional study using a self-filled questionnaire was performed during the period between October and November 2021 over a study sample of 223 family medicine physicians from cluster two health care facilities in Riyadh city; namely King Fahad Medical City, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdul Aziz Hospital and the primary care centers. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software through descriptive statics and Chi-square analysis. Results: The findings of the study showed that 67.6% (n=151) were able to identify cases that should be considered for bariatric surgery, 81.6% (n=182) identified the safest way to perform weight loss surgery (laparoscopic), 87.9% (n=196) identified the research-based evidenced outcome of surgical management of obesity (extending life expectancy with increase in quality of life) compared to conservative treatment, and 87% (n=184) identified cases that should be referred to bariatric surgery based on their body mass index (BMI) range. In addition, the findings of the study showed that family medicine physicians had positive attitudes toward bariatric surgery in term of its effectiveness and outcomes. Finally, the study found significant statistical differences in the knowledge score based on physicians’ years of practice (Χ2=40.9278, p≤0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that the family medicine physicians at cluster two in Riyadh city had varied level of knowledge and positive attitudes regarding bariatric surgery. The study recommended increasing family medicine physicians’ knowledge and awareness regarding the benefits, consequences, techniques and rationale of bariatric surgery through engaging them in basic and advanced health education workshops and courses concerned with surgical management of obesity and metabolic disorders.
Estimation and Economic Valuation of Above-Ground Carbon in Forest Area with the Special Purpose of Gunung Bromo, Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmadwiati Rissa , Wicaksono Rezky Lasekti , Apriyanto Dwi
Published: March 2022

Climate change and the increasing greenhouse effect are serious problems of global concern today. The existence of forests plays an essential role in carbon sequestration and storage to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere. Forest Area with the Special Purpose (KHDTK) of Gunung Bromo has an area of 126,291 ha that is designated as an educational forest.  The area has been managed by Universitas Sebelas Maret since 2019 and consists of three main tree species, namely Pinus merkusii, Swietenia mahagoni, and Dalbergia latifolia. This study aims to estimate the potential uptake and economic valuation of carbon stocks in the KHDTK of Gunung Bromo. Stratified Systematic Sampling with Random Start was used as an inventory method in this study. The estimation of above-ground carbon uptake used general allometric equations (non-destructive method). Furthermore, the carbon economy valuation referred to the range of calculating the average carbon price for each program specification. The results showed that the estimated carbon of tree stands in KHDTK of Gunung Bromo reached 75.81 tonnes C/ha with a carbon economic valuation of USD 758.1/ha or equivalent to IDR 10,856,863.80/ha. Exploring the potential for biodiversity (flora and fauna) and environmental services such as carbon sink will support the ecotourism program in KHDTK of Gunung Bromo.
Keywords: biomass, carbon estimation, economic valuation, KHDTK of Gunung Bromo
The Composition of Undergrowth Vegetation in Forest Area with the Special Purpose of Gunung Bromo, Karangayar, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Zaki Abdul Ghaffar Amiruddin , Pertiwi Yus Andhini Bhekti , Nufus Malihatun , Sakya Amalia Tetrani
Published: March 2022

Data on the biodiversity is essential to support the Forest Area with the Special Purpose (KHDTK) of Gunung Bromo as an educational forest and training center. This study aimed to obtain basic information on undergrowth vegetation composition under pine stands. Furthermore, the important value index (IVI), species diversity index (H’), species richness index (R), and evenness index (E) were determined. The data was systematically obtained by marking 35 plots of 2 m × 2 m. The distance between plots was 100 m. The results showed that the undergrowth vegetation consisted of 39 species from 26 families. The habitus of undergrowth vegetation was herb (15 species), shrub (14 species), liana (3 species), fern (6 species), and palm (1 species). Eragrostis tenerum was the dominant species with an IVI of 58.84%). Centrosema pubescens showed an IVI of 18.38%, while the other species showed less than 10%. Furthermore, H’ was classified as moderate (2.35), R was classified as moderate (4.69), and E was classified as uneven (0.64). This condition indicated that the undergrowth species that grew in KHDTK of Gunung Bromo was limited and uneven. It was considered due to inhibiting factors such as allelopathy in pine leaf litter and low light intensity. Undergrowth species that grow in KHDTK of Gunung Bromo showed several potential utilizations, such as medicinal plants (30 species), ornamental plants (9 species), food sources (5 species), forage (4 species), culture and crafts (4 species), and conservation (3 species).
Keywords: important value index, KHDTK of Gunung Bromo, species composition, species diversity, undergrowth vegetation
The Estimation of Biomass in Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata in Tuamese Village, North Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Ledheng Ludgardis , Naisumu Yolanda Getrudis , Binsasi Remigius
Published: March 2022

Mangrove forest in North Central Timor Regency is dominated by Rhizophora sp. The highest number was found in Tuamese Village, namely Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata. The biomass productivity in mangrove forests varies according to age, dominant species, and locality. It shows differences in carbon uptake and storage at the level, type, and place of growth. This study aimed to analyze the carbon content and carbon uptake of R. apiculata and R. mucronata at the stake level to the tree level in two plots with the size of 2,000 m2 each. The method used was allometric equations, while the power discrimination test used an independent sample t-test. The result showed that R. apiculata and R. mucronata had the same potential in producing biomass and necromass as well as in storing and absorbing carbon. The total biomass was 77.21 Mg/ha, which can absorb and store carbon, respectively, 141.68 Mg/ha and 36.61 Mg/ha. This research data provides an overview of the potential of biomass in meeting carbon trading standards as an effort to succeed in mangrove conservation in Tuamese Village.
Keywords: Biomass, Carbon uptake, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata
Панория - "теория всего", мир перемен
Authors: Пан Александр
Published: March 2022

На основе переменного действия предлагается теория строения материи, пространства и мира. Из неё следуют уравнения квантовой механики и теории относительности. Электричество, тяготение и частицы описываются единым образом. Показано как мир возникает из внепространственного шума и развивается до надшумного пространственного строения. Скрывающаяся за кажущимся пустым пространством среда имеет огромную плотность и является причиной электрического и гравитационного полей. Предполагается наличие бесконечной цепи взаимосвязанных и управляемых миров. Объясняется строение частиц. Из этого представления следуют теории современной физики.
Workplace Violence (Mobbing) the Example of A Hospital in Greece during the Economic Crisis
Authors: Papadeli Chrysi , Filippou Adamantia , Haidemenos Ioannis , Tsilakidou Eydoksia , Krachtis Agisilaos
Published: March 2022

Aim: During the last decade various efforts have been made to investigate and record the "mobbing syndrome" in Greece. The present study aims to map the rates of mobbing, to determine the causes, to highlight the vulnerable groups to mobbing, to describe its expression, and to document the ways of dealing with it.

Material and method: The study used the LIPT (Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terrorization) questionnaire, which has been widely used to measure mobbing. The SPSS statistical program was used for statistical analysis and processing of the results.

Results: Out of a total of 150 questionnaires, 91 were returned correctly completed. The majority of the participants were women, mainly aged 41-45 years, graduates of universities/universities of applied sciences, married, with more than 21 years of experience. The mobbing rate recorded was 16.48%. The most frequent mobbing behavior is the statement " they often talk behind your back" 31.9%, at least once a month 30% and 79% still experience mobbing behaviors to date. Mobbing of others has been observed in 45.1%. Mobbing comes from someone higher up the hierarchy in 34.1% and is attributed to the poor organization in 27.5% and management problems in 34.1%. To deal with the phenomenon they primarily turned to colleagues 29.7%.

Conclusions: This study was an attempt to investigate and document the "mobbing syndrome" among nurses in a public hospital. The results demonstrate that mobbing behaviors are practiced in the workplace and experienced by about half of the survey population and a large proportion still experience them today.
Research progress on the electrospinning nanofiber lithium-ion battery separators
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yu Bin , Zhai Mengzhen , Wang Xiaohan
Published: March 2022

Electrospinning nanofiber membrane has the advantages of wide raw materials, large specific surface area, and high porosity. It is an ideal separator material for lithium-ion batteries. This paper first introduces two common electrospinning nanofiber diaphragms: polymer, polymer, and inorganic composite, and then focuses on the modification methods of composite modification, blending modification, and inorganic modification, as well as the methods of electrospinning nano modified polyolefin diaphragm. Finally, the development direction of the electrospinning lithium-ion battery separator has prospected.
Creativity and Executive Function in School-Age Children: Effects of Creative Coloring and Individual Creativity on an Executive Function Sorting Task
Authors: Crenshaw Katherine C. , Miller Stephanie E.
Published: March 2022

We examined the relationship between executive function (EF) and creativity and whether a creative manipulation related to free coloring or coloring task-relevant materials would impact EF performance in the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS). Participants also completed individual difference measures of creativity with an Alternative Uses Task and EF with a Backward Digit Span Working Memory Task and Delay of Gratification Inhibition Task. Although we failed to find a relationship between creativity in the Alternative Uses Task and our EF measures (rs < .25, ps > .10), we found evidence to suggest the effects of a creative color manipulation differed by individual differences in creativity. Those who were low in certain creative components like the ability to switch between categories (p = .03 and p = .08), generate a number of unique ideas (p = .03 and p = .04), and originality (p = .01) seemed to perform better when allowed to freely color before the DCCS compared to other conditions. Those who performed higher in creative measures generally did not benefit from a creative manipulation before the task. This suggests that a more nuanced examination of the relationship between creativity and EF considering possible experimental manipulations, multiple components, and individual differences may be useful in understanding the relationship between these 2 constructs.