bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the factor of having a border as a unique phenomenon of development of urban planning solutions of Russia’s border area and formation of transboundary spaces (on the example of Russian-Kazakhstan border zone)
Authors: Ordynskaya Yuliya
Published: November 2020

The object of this research is the urban planning solutions of territorial development. The subject is the determination of peculiarities of development of urban planning solutions influenced by the factor of having a border. The capabilities of border areas are viewed as a combination of all resources existing within its limits. I this case, urban planning potential of border areas includes a particular set of factors (natural resources potential, infrastructure, demographic, etc.). The conducted analysis demonstrated the need for elaboration of a mechanism of development of border areas, with competent and accurate legislative regulation, considering positive and negative criteria, and reducing the latter to the minimum. The research of urban planning solutions, carried out in the context of the existing and anticipated risk factors, showed that risk factor pertains to natural-ecological, socio-demographic and infrastructural spheres. The researchers have previously covered the question on the development prospects of transboundary regions on the basis of Russia-Kazakhstan border cooperation, but mostly within the framework of geographical and social disciplines [4, 11, 10]. This article is first to view the solutions and risk factors emerging in formation and further development of territorial spaces from the perspective of urban planning activity. The scientific novelty consists in determination of positive and negative factors that impact the development of Russian-Kazakhstan border zone. In the course of study, the author determine the criteria affecting the advancement of urban planning solutions of a border area. The criteria used for assessing the risk factors give grounds for further long-term forecasting.
“Bears in the city”: visual aesthetics of Perm’s urban environment
Authors: Dianova Yuliya Viktorovna
Published: November 2020

Visual image of modern Perm resembles the images of bear. Most recognized in urban environment is image of a bear in sacrificial pose (“bear-pray”). This image reflects a phenomenal “core” of Perm archaic cultures of pre-Christian time. Myths and legends about Bjarmia and Parma are currently depicted in the artistic-stylized form in the objects of Perm’s urban environment. The image of “bear-pray” is captured on the facades of public buildings, street lightening, small architectural forms. Painters, architects and designers explain their reference to this image as imposing “Perm character” to their works. At the same time, in festival movement such image of bear is overshadowed by other bear-themed compositions: polygonal “rainbow” bear of the “Great Perm” tourist brand, polygonal bear of the mega festival “Perm Period. Modern Age” in white and red colors. It is demonstrated that Perm animalistic style with its stylized images that retained semantic and symbolic features, can be viewed as the foundation for realization of the strategy of city’s geocultural branding for Perm and other cities of Ural Region. It is suggested to use art potential of animalistic style, useful for visualization of aesthetics of urban environment, through reference to the practices of arranging street space of Perm.
Features of the organization of the environment of commercial rehabilitation centers
Authors: Kozyrenko Sergei Mikhailovich
Published: November 2020

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the organization of the environment of specific centers, the main activity of which is the direction of the recovery of patients. The object of the study is domestic and foreign commercial rehabilitation centers for drug addicts and alcoholics. The increase in their number indicates the growth of a dangerous disease. The author examines in detail such aspects of the problem as the organization of rehabilitation centers abroad and in Russia and notes the main directions in the formation of an environment for the rehabilitation of patients with alcoholism and drug addiction. Special attention is paid in the article to the peculiarities of the environmental organization of rehabilitation centers. In this context, their architectural and planning solution and spatial design are of great importance.The main conclusions of the study are to identify the features of the environment of rehabilitation centers, which are determined through their organization (comfortable, safe, friendly, shock environment). The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is to determine the typological characteristics of existing rehabilitation centers (VIP-houses, hotel, family types, cottage, work, motivational) and their functional and planning formation. The novelty lies in the fact that the author conducted a comprehensive study, as a result of which the main characteristics of the environmental organization of rehabilitation centers, as well as their typological features, were determined. This allows us to identify promising areas in their creation and development.
Inclusive culture of urban communities: on the example of historical reenactors
Authors: Bozhok Nikolay Sergeevich
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to study and generalize the positive experience of implementing inclusive practices initiated by nonвЂ“state actors - formal and informal associations of reconstructors. The subject of the research in this article is the inclusive culture of urban communities of historical reenactors, and the main goal is to identify the specifics of inclusive culture based on the analysis of the normative and value system of the reenactor movement and current socioвЂ“cultural practices implemented in the public space of the Russian city. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the analysis are the conceptual provisions of the model of inclusive culture of the city, developed by the participants of the interdisciplinary project of the RFBR "Inclusive culture of social time: modern urban context (Lower Volga region)". Empirical research methods are used вЂ“ included observation, secondary analysis of interviews. The novelty of the presented research is determined by the introduction into scientific circulation of new empirical material, the analysis of which allows us to reveal the inclusive readiness and specifics of the inclusive culture of the reenactors who are part of the All-Russian social movement "Historical Reconstruction Clubs". The author comes to the conclusion that the associations of reenactors belong to an inclusive community that shares key inclusive values вЂ“ acceptance and support of diversity and participation. An important aspect of the inclusive culture of reenactors is participation in practical activities aimed at creating a barrier-free urban environment, an interactive communicative space in order to represent the world and domestic cultural and historical experience.
The concept of creation of folklore subcorpus of the national corpus of Yakut language: articulation of the problem, structure, and technique
Authors: Kuzmina Aitalina Akhmetovna
Published: November 2020

This article is dedicated to the creation of a folklore subcorpus of the national corpus of Yakut language. The need for creating a folklore subcorpus is substantiated by fact that it illustrates the initial, historical path of development of a particular language, cultural and linguistic richness, and folk traditions. Language corpora are considered incomplete if not contain folklore texts. The development of such subcorpus has a number of theoretical and technological difficulties, which defines the relevance of this work. The object of this research is the folklore subcorpus of the national corpus of Yakut language. The subject is articulation of the problem, structure, and technique of creating this subcorpus. Attention is focused on the problematic of creation of a folklore subcorpus. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article is first to develop the concept of creation of the Yakut folklore corpus and determine the cognate problems, structure and technique of its formation. It is revealed that the structure of folklore subcorpus must reflect the genre differences, forms of record, authenticity, various databases that characterize a folklore text, its performer or register.  The author determines the work stages and preparation technique of the folklore subcorpus. The conclusion is made that the folklore subcorpus can serve as a method for solution of fundamental and applied tasks of Yakut philology, as well as one of the ways to preserve folklore heritage of the Sakha people.
Comparative analysis of wishful thinking and curses of the Bezhta and Chamalal people
Authors: Alieva Zainab Magomedovna , Khalilov Madzhid Sharipovich
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is small folklore genres, namely wishful thinking and curses. The goal of this article consists in the comparative analysis of most used emotional and expressive lexis in the Bezhta and Chamalal languages. Currently, in the context of irreversible process of narrowing and unification of linguistic palette of humanity, its preservation requires the creation of full descriptions of the living” languages. This list also includes the non-written Bezhta language (from Tsez subgroup) and Chamalal language (from Andi subgroup) – two of the 18 minority languages existing in Dagestan. The research employs field material collected by the authors during expeditions of 2018-2020). Analysis is conducted on wishful thinking and curses in different ontological situations of the Bezhta and Chamalal communities. The relevance of studying small folklore genres of Bezhta and Chamalal people is substantiated by uniqueness of the type, is observed to a different degree in the folklore of different peoples. The key research methods contain analytical (analysis of theoretical literature and factual material on the matter), continuous sampling, descriptive and comparative methods. The methods of field work were applied in the course of expedition to Bezhta and Tsumadinsky Districts of the Republic of Dagestan in terms of collection of the materials on paremiology of Bezhta and Chamalal languages.
The role of categories of space and time in creation of artistic worldview in the works of Buryat writers (on the example of tales by Baradiĭ Mungonov “Call of the Ancestors and Sounds of the Forthcoming” and Dorji Erdyneev “Toonto”
Authors: Danchinova Mariya Danilovna
Published: November 2020

This article explores the worldview in tales of the Buryat writers. The subject of this research is the role of categories of space and time in the architectonics of artistic image of the world in tales “Call of the Ancestors" by B. Mungonov and “Toonto” by D. Erdyneev. These works have not previously become the object of research in Buryat literary studies from perspective of significance of space-time interrelation. This defines the novelty of this article, and allows revealing other aspects of artistic vision in the works of Buryat writers. The key methods for studying the categories of space and time in a literary text include descriptive, comparative, and mythopoetic. It is demonstrated that the categories of space and time are localized in various artistic images, symbols and meanings, contain the concepts of endlessness, infinity, relativity and discreteness, as well as allow creating a vivid unique palette of artistic vision of the world in tales of the Buryat writers. Analysis is conducted on the artistic architectonics through the prism of correlation between the categories of space and time in tales of B. Mungonov “Call of the Ancestors and Sounds of the Forthcoming” and D. Erdyneev “Toonto”. Peculiarity of the categories of space and time in the artistic picture of Buryat writers is reflected in Eastern outlook upon the world, which is based on the models of cyclicity and substantiality. In the tale of B. Mungonov prevails the category of time. In the artistic worldview, one stems from the other. In the tale of D. Erdyneev “Toonto” dominates the by category of space. Toonto is translated from Buryat as a particular space, birthplace of a man, where him and his ancestors have roots. Tales of B. Mungonov and D. give thoughts on the value of life and chances to repair past mistakes.
Category of tonality in the genre of essay (on the example of essays of V. M. Peskov)
Authors: Cheng Jiaojiao
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is the category of tonality — one of the key text categories that reflects mentality of the author of the text. Essay, as a peculiar genre that functions at the intersection of publicistic and fiction styles, has its own typical range of tonality. Examination of the category of tonality in essays is a relevant  trend in the humanities. Well-known Soviet essays written by V. M. Peskov, which are considered exemplary, representative, and retain their relevance, served as the material for this work. The conducted analysis of V. M. Peskov’s essays reveals versatile means of explication of tonality and individual manner of the author. The novelty consists in observation that the texts of V. M. Peskov reflect the general tone of freedom and friendliness, the tone of conversation with the audience. His essays also reflect a clear authorial “Self”. Different essays mark different means of explication of tonality: in essays dedicated to nature, the author often applies metaphors, personifications, neutral words with positive connotations and words that express rational evaluation for imagery depiction of landscape with love for nature; in essays dedicated to people, the essayist often uses neutral lexicon with rational-evaluative or positive-evaluative connotations for creating image of the character; in essays dedicated to local culture, V. M. Peskov often applied emotionally expressive lexicon, words with suffixes of subjective evaluation, expressively syntactic constructs, special visual expressive means (personification, epithets, hyperbole, etc.) and colloquialism for admirable depiction of the local life and culture. Different techniques of explication of the category of tonality impose descriptiveness, attractiveness and influential power on the essay.
Comprehension of the ideological content of P. A. Oyunsky's poem “The Red Shaman” through the lens of modernity
Authors: Illarionov Vasilii Vasil'evich , Chegien Aiyyna Egorovna
Published: November 2020

Over the past decades, public consciousness has undergone reconsideration of the spiritual values. This heightened the interest towards the works of the classics of world literature, including Yakut. Among the compositions of Yakut literature, the dramatic poem by P. A. Oyunsky “The Red Shaman” is of definite interest. This work, as an example of high art, continues to heat the imagination and gives food for thoughts. Since its first publication, “The Red Shaman” arouses interest of multiple literary scholars and linguists. There is an urgent need for revising its ideological content through the prism of universal outlook upon the world as demanded by time. An attempt is made to reveal the true content of P. A. Oyunsky’s dramatic poem The Red Shaman” from the perspective of new generation of the audience, by detection of literary techniques applied by the author, examination of conflict situations, interaction between the images that requires axiomatic method, as well as usage of the method of abstraction within the framework of anthropomorphic principle of research that suggests reference to the primary source for ethical-philosophical interpretation based on the new approach. The attention of both, audience and researchers is currently focused on comprehension of the authentic content of P. Oyunsky's compositions outside the influence of traditional interpretations. For the contemporary audience “The Red Shaman” disclosures the new sides of its ideological-literary content. This work contains the author's profound reasoning on the trends of development of modern society, which requires a different approach towards the artistic heritage of the prominent poet.
Effects of Feeding Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) with or without Enzymes on Carcass Characteristics of Indigenous Chicken
Authors: Saikia Ashim Kumar , Bhuyan Robin , Saikia Bibeka Nanda , Mahanta Jog Dev , Borah Subhalakshi , Islam Rafiqul
Published: November 2020

Aims: The present investigation aimed at assessing the effects of feeding graded levels of DDGS with or without enzymes on the carcass characteristics of indigenous chicken.

Study Design:  The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD).

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati-22, Assam for a period of 182 d (13 fortnights) between January 2018 and June 2018.

Methodology: A total of 180 21 d old indigenous chicks were divided into six groups: T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 each with 30 chicks. The birds of T1, T3 and T5 were fed a basal diet containing 0, 10 and 20 per cent DDGS while the birds in T2, T4 and T6 were fed the same basal diet as that of T1, T3 and T5, respectively, but were additionally supplemented with a commercial exogenous multi-enzyme preparation. The feeding trial was conducted for a period of 182 d (13 fortnights) excluding a metabolic trial for a period of 8 days. At the end of the experiment, four birds from each treatment group were randomly selected, slaughtered and processed and different carcass traits viz. live weight, dressing percentage, relative weights of breast, thigh, drumsticks, liver, heart, gizzard, giblets, head and shank in relation to pre-slaughtered live weights were recorded. The chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation of meat samples from different treatment groups were also conducted.

Results: The percent dressing and eviscerated yields of experimental birds under different treatment groups were ranged from 66.81±0.37 to 67.68±0.41 and 71.74±0.54 to 73.35±0.34, respectively. No significant (P ≥ .05) differences were observed in respect of relative weights of various carcass traits in relation to the live body weights, the chemical compositions of breast meat comprising of moisture, crude protein, ether extract and total ash and the mean scores for organoleptic evaluation comprising of colour, tenderness, flavor, juiciness and overall acceptance of the breast meat of experimental birds from different treatment groups.

Conclusion: It is concluded that DDGS can be incorporated at 20% level in the rations of indigenous chicken for the economic gain without any adverse effect on dressing percentage as well as various carcass traits and organoleptic qualities.
Comparative Analysis of Moderate Intensity Aerobic and Progressive Resistance Exercises on Bone Mineral Density and Weight of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Ebonyi State
Authors: Ijego Asogwa, Eucharia , Suoton Ekine, Rupee , Okwy Asogwa, Okwudilichukwu , Ogbu Chukwu, Odochi , Ada Orizu, Ifeoma , Chizoba Akamike, Ifeyinwa , U. Udeoji, Dioma
Published: November 2020

The main aim of this study was to find out the comparative effects of 6 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercises (MIAE) and progressive resistance exercise (PRE) on bone mineral density and weight of people living with HIV/AIDS in Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Ebonyi State. The study adopted quasi experimental research design. The population of the study was 60 HIV/AIDS patients that attended HIV clinics at AE-FUTHA which formed the 58 sample size for the study after two people dropped from the control group. Simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study. Heel Densitometer (X-rite 331C) and Omron BF 400 was the instrument used for data collection of BMD and weight respectively. Mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data obtained. The instruments were not validated because they are standard. The reliability coefficient obtained from the pilot study was 0.835 and 0.994 for BMD and WEIGHT respectively. The major findings revealed that PRE had more effect than MIAE on BMD and Weight.
Study of INR Profile in Patients on Vitamin K Antagonists in Tanta University Hospital Egypt
Authors: Ibshehy Dina M. AL- , Abouomar Mahmoud A. , Draz Enas E. , Masry Magdy M. EL-
Published: November 2020

Background:  Oral vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease. Optimal use of these agents in clinical practice is challenged by their narrow therapeutic window. We aimed to Study the international normalized ratio values in patients on vitamin K antagonists to find out which patient characteristics that are associated with good INR control. 

Methods: From June 2019 till May 2020 we studied 502 patients receiving vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) as an oral anticoagulant treatment for thromboembolic prevention for at least more than 1 month. The cases were classified into two groups according to time to therapeutic range (TTR); group I included 289 patients with TTR < 65 and group II that included 213 patients with TTR ≥ 65.  We included patients with atrial fibrillation, prosthetic valve replacement or deep venous thrombosis.

Results: In univariate regression analysis, increasing age, male gender, lower level of education, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease and higher CHADS-VASC were revealed as risk factors for poor response (time to therapeutic range (TTR) < 65). With multivariate logistic regression analysis, lower level of education, HTN, smoking, CKD and higher CHADS-VASC were revealed as independent risk factors for poor response (TTR < 65).

Conclusion: This study indicated that, poor education, hypertension, smoking, chronic kidney disease, and high CHADS VSAC score were independent predictors of poor time to therapeutic range (TTC) control.
Influence of Inter and Intra Row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Jimma Horro District, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Chala Birhanu , Abera Tolera , Nandeshwar Bhupesh
Published: November 2020

Improved agronomic practices increases yield potential of chickpea in different agroecology of the country. In this view a field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of inter-and intra row spacing on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Jimma Horro district of Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Oromia, Ethiopia. The treatment consisted of three inter-row spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) and four intra-row spacing (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The highest (52) number of pods plant-1 was obtained with the interaction effect of 40 cm inter and 20 cm intra row spacing. The highest dry biomass (8457 kg ha-1) was recorded at 20 cm × 5 cm spacing while the lowest dry biomass (5413 kg ha-1) was recorded at 40 cm × 20 cm spacing combination. Significantly  higher  (248 g) 1000 grain weight was recorded under 40 cm with 20 cm spacing and lowest (165 g) 1000 grain weight under 30 cm x 5 cm row spacing. The highest (1625 kg ha-1) seed yield of chickpea was obtained from 30 cm x 15 cm and the lowest seed yield (1096 kg ha-1) was recorded from 20 cm x 5 cm row spacing. The highest harvest index (34.03%) was achieved for the interaction of 40 cm inter- and 20cm intra-row spacing and the lowest harvest index (12.14%) under 20 cm x 5 cm row spacing. Thus 30 cm inter-row with 15 cm intra-row spacing can tentatively be recommended for the production of chickpea in the study area as compared to the current recommendation of 30 x 10 cm. Further research would be needed at more locations and seasons to give conclusive recommendations.
The Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (l.) Del Plant on Some Selected Clinical Human Pathogens
Authors: Ezemokwe G. C. , Aguiyi J. C. , Chollom F. P.
Published: November 2020

The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Balanites aegyptiaca plant was investigated on five selected clinical common human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli, in vitro. The phytochemical screening, susceptibility testing and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, steroids, tannins, and carbohydrates in varying concentrations. Ethanolic leaf extract was more effective. The extracts inhibited the growth of isolates with increasing concentrations, ranging from 8-12 mm zones of inhibitions, showing the susceptibility of the test organisms. S. dysentriae had the highest susceptibility for both extracts with 12 mm and 13 mm zones of inhibition for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively at the highest concentration of 400 mg/ml. S. aureus showed the least susceptibility with 8 mm for aqueous extract while S. typhimurium showed the least susceptibility for the ethanolic extract with 9mm zones of inhibition. The analysis of variance results on zones of inhibition revealed a significant difference for both extract treatments, concentrations, and interactions between the treatments and concentrations. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations determined from the corresponding concentration-response curves showed that S. dysentriae had the least value of 79.433 mg/ml while the aqueous extracts against S. aureus and S. typhimurium were the largest with 125.893 mg/ml value. The activity index and activity were also deduced to measure activity. The antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of B. aegyptiaca on bacteria of the tested isolates have been established in this study and justify the claims by the traditional healers in its use to treat infectious diseases.
Exchange Rate Pass-through and Its Impacts on the Nigeria Economy
Authors: Omokugbo Obasanmi, Jude
Published: November 2020

Exchange Rate Pass-Through is an approximation of international macroeconomic transmission of prices and thus has implications for the timing of economic policy interventions. Hence, the degree and speed of pass-through is important for formulating policy responses to economic shocks. In this study, the researcher evaluated some channels and impacts of exchanges rate pass-through on the Nigerian economy during the period spanning from 1981 to 2018. Unit root and co-integration tests, as well as the error regression analysis on the time series data for the period 1981-2018 were carried out. The empirical outcomes indicated that Exchange rate changes pass-through interest rate and inflation rate channels on both short and long run and thus significantly affected interest rates and prices of goods and service in Nigeria during the study period. These outcomes yielded key policy insights and outlook which made the researcher to recommend amongst others that Government should ensure that the interest rates are brought to a level that will enable producers access investible funds. When there is high level of funds for production, exports would likely increase ceteris paribus, there by an increase in the foreign exchange earnings for the country and an appreciation of the naira.
Presence of Cardiac Troponin I in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Mane U. T. , Patil Rahul S. , Pardesi A. T. , Bhattad Anil , Agarwal Vaibhav
Published: November 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequently associated with right ventricular loading and pulmonary hypertension. We aimed to evaluate a possible association between cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels and adverse events in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. 120 Patients with acute exacerbation of COPD were studied between 18 months (October 2014 to March 2016). A Male preponderance was found with M: F ratio being 3:2. 35% were current smokers. In hospital mortality in group 1 was 14.3% and in group 2 was 1.9%. Thus cardiac troponin I can be taken as a marker to identify high risk patients during acute exacerbation of COPD.
Understanding the Role of Alumina (Al2O3), Pentalithium Aluminate (Li5AlO4), and Pentasodium Aluminate (Na5AlO4) Coatings on the Li and Mn‐Rich NCM Cathode Material 0.33Li2MnO3·0.67Li(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4)O2 for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Maiti Sandipan , Sclar Hadar , Sharma Rosy , Vishkin Noam , Fayena‐Greenstein Miryam , Grinblat Judith , Talianker Michael , Burstein Larisa , Solomatin Nickolay , Tiurin Ortal , Ein‐Eli Yair , Noked Malachi , Markovsky Boris , Aurbach Doron
Published: November 2020

The active role of alumina, pentalithium aluminate (Li5AlO4, Li‐aluminate), and pentasodium aluminate (Na5AlO4, Na‐aluminate) as the surface protection coatings produced via atomic layer deposition on Li and Mn‐rich NCM cathode materials 0.33Li2MnO3·0.67LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 is discussed. A notable improvement in the electrochemical behavior of the coated cathodes has been found while tested in Li‐coin cells at 30 °C. Though all the coated cathodes demonstrate enhanced electrochemical cycling and rate performances, Na‐aluminate coated cathodes exhibit exemplary behavior. Prolonged cycling and rate capability testing demonstrate that after more than 400 cycles at 1 C rate, the uncoated cathode delivers only 63 mAh g−1, while those with alumina, Li‐aluminate, and Na‐aluminate coatings exhibit approximately two times higher specific capacities. The coated cathodes display steady average discharge potential and lower evolution of the voltage hysteresis during prolonged cycling compared to the uncoated cathode. Importantly, Na‐aluminate coated cathode shows a lowering in gases (O2, CO2, H2, etc.) evolution. Post‐cycling analysis of the electrodes demonstrates higher morphological integrity of the coated cathode materials and lower transition metals dissolution from them. The coatings mitigate undesirable side reactions between the electrodes and the electrolyte solution in the cells.
Solution‐Processed All‐Ceramic Plasmonic Metamaterials for Efficient Solar–Thermal Conversion over 100–727 °C
Authors: Li Yang , Lin Chongjia , Wu Zuoxu , Chen Zhongying , Chi Cheng , Cao Feng , Mei Deqing , Yan He , Tso Chi Yan , Chao Christopher Y. H. , Huang Baoling
Published: November 2020

Low‐cost and large‐area solar–thermal absorbers with superior spectral selectivity and excellent thermal stability are vital for efficient and large‐scale solar–thermal conversion applications, such as space heating, desalination, ice mitigation, photothermal catalysis, and concentrating solar power. Few state‐of‐the‐art selective absorbers are qualified for both low‐ (<200 °C) and high‐temperature (>600 °C) applications due to insufficient spectral selectivity or thermal stability over a wide temperature range. Here, a high‐performance plasmonic metamaterial selective absorber is developed by facile solution‐based processes via assembling an ultrathin (≈120 nm) titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticle film on a TiN mirror. Enabled by the synergetic in‐plane plasmon and out‐of‐plane Fabry–Pérot resonances, the all‐ceramic plasmonic metamaterial simultaneously achieves high, full‐spectrum solar absorption (95%), low mid‐IR emission (3% at 100 °C), and excellent stability over a temperature range of 100–727 °C, even outperforming most vacuum‐deposited absorbers at their specific operating temperatures. The competitive performance of the solution‐processed absorber is accompanied by a significant cost reduction compared with vacuum‐deposited absorbers. All these merits render it a cost‐effective, universal solution to offering high efficiency (89–93%) for both low‐ and high‐temperature solar–thermal applications.
Ultraflexible Integrated Organic Electronics for Ultrasensitive Photodetection
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Yu Kilho , Wang Haoyang , Rich Steven , Yokota Tomoyuki , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao
Published: November 2020

Flexible organic photodetectors can form seamless contact with human skin, enabling continuous health monitoring. However, developing flexible photodetectors with high detectivity remains challenging because of the high theoretical dark current of photodetectors using a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure. Herein, a simple approach is reported that integrates a field‐effect transistor (FET) and an organic photodiode (OPD) module on the same substrate to achieve an ultralow dark current density (3.0 × 10−8 mA cm−2), ultrahigh detectivity (1.7 × 1015 Jones), and excellent flexibility. In the integrated sensor, the light‐sensing process occurs in the OPD module, whose signal is used to control the gate of the FET where the current output process occurs, enabling to utilize the light‐sensing properties of the OPD's BHJ structure while bypassing its high dark current. The ultraflexible integrated sensor amplifies the photoplethysmogram signal intensity from the OPD module by a factor of ≈10, thereby confirming its potential as an indoor wearable biosensor.
A Thermostat‐Consistent Fully Coupled Molecular Dynamics—Generalized Fluctuating Hydrodynamics Model
Authors: Liu Xinjian , Korotkin Ivan , Rao Zhonghao , Karabasov Sergey
Published: November 2020

The previously developed multiscale method for concurrently coupling atomistic and continuum hydrodynamic representations of the same chemical substance is extended to consistently incorporate the Langevin‐type thermostat equations in the model. This allows not only to preserve the mass and momentum conservation laws based on the two‐phase flow analogy modeling framework but also to capture the correct local fluctuations and temperature in the pure atomistic region of the hybrid model. Numerical results for the test problem of equilibrium isothermal fluctuations of SPC/E water are presented. Advantages of using local thermostat equations adjusted for the multiresolution model for accurately capturing of the local water density in the atomistic part of the hybrid simulation domain are discussed. Comparisons with the reference pure all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations in GROMACS show that the suggested hybrid models are by a factor of 5–20 faster depending on the simulation domain size.
Nitrogen fertilization for hay and seed from endophyte‐free and endophyte‐infected tall fescue
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W. , Farney Jaymelynn K. , Moyer Joseph L. , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A.
Published: November 2020

Tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] is an important forage, but a fungal endophyte often found in the aboveground biomass can negatively affect animal production. Nitrogen also affects production, but data are limited regarding N fertilization effects on hay and seed yields from endophyte‐free (EF) compared with endophyte‐infected (EI) tall fescue grown on claypan soil in the eastern Great Plains. This study's objective was to determine the effects of N fertilizer timing and rate on EF and EI tall fescue yield of R4 (anthesis) hay, seed, and hay residual after seed harvest (stubble hay, SH). Endophyte infection did not affect R4 hay, seed, or SH yields and did not interact with N timing, N rate, or year for any measured parameters. Across the 3‐yr study, N fertilizer applied in late fall resulted in 18% greater seed production than late winter, with split late fall/late winter applications being intermediate. The effect of N timing on R4 and SH varied by year. Annual fescue seed yield response to N rate varied, but required 112 kg N ha−1 or more to achieve near 300 kg ha−1 in better‐yielding years. Hay measured at R4 or SH responded to N up to at least 168 kg ha−1. Hay N concentration was diluted with initial increments of N fertilizer but increased as yield response diminished with greater N rates. Simple return functions suggest that the N rate to achieve maximum economic return is reduced when N fertilizer costs are high and when seed/hay selling prices are low.
Post‐last glacial maximum expansion of Y‐chromosome haplogroup C2a‐L1373 in northern Asia and its implications for the origin of Native Americans
Authors: Sun Jin , Ma Peng‐Cheng , Cheng Hui‐Zhen , Wang Chi‐Zao , Li Yong‐Lan , Cui Yin‐Qiu , Yao Hong‐Bin , Wen Shao‐Qing , Wei Lan‐Hai
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Subbranches of Y‐chromosome haplogroup C2a‐L1373 are founding paternal lineages in northern Asia and Native American populations. Our objective was to investigate C2a‐L1373 differentiation in northern Asia and its implications for Native American origins.

Materials and Methods

Sequences of rare subbranches (n = 43) and ancient individuals (n = 37) of C2a‐L1373 (including P39 and MPB373), were used to construct phylogenetic trees with age estimation by BEAST software.

Results

C2a‐L1373 expanded rapidly approximately 17.7,000–14.3,000 years ago (kya) after the last glacial maximum (LGM), generating numerous sublineages which became founding paternal lineages of modern northern Asian and Native American populations (C2a‐P39 and C2a‐MPB373). The divergence pattern supports possible initiation of differentiation in low latitude regions of northern Asia and northward diffusion after the LGM. There is a substantial gap between the divergence times of C2a‐MPB373 (approximately 22.4 or 17.7 kya) and C2a‐P39 (approximately 14.3 kya), indicating two possible migration waves.

Discussion

We discussed the decreasing time interval of “Beringian standstill” (2.5 ky or smaller) and its reduced significance. We also discussed the multiple possibilities for the peopling of the Americas: the “Long‐term Beringian standstill model,” the “Short‐term Beringian standstill model,” and the “Multiple waves of migration model.” Our results support the argument from ancient DNA analyses that the direct ancestor group of Native Americans is an admixture of “Ancient Northern Siberians” and Paleolithic communities from the Amur region, which appeared during the post‐LGM era, rather than ancient populations in greater Beringia, or an adjacent region, before the LGM.
Serum cystatin C was a marker of poststroke fatigue in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Fulan , Liu Peipei , Huang Saiyu , Liu Xiaojie , Gao Xue , Liu Chunyin , Chen Lanlan , Chen Yingzhu
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The relationship between poststroke fatigue (PSF) and serum Cystatin C (Cys‐C) levels in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) patients has not been determined. In this study, we investigated the association between serum Cys‐C levels and PSF in HICH patients.

Methods

A total of 125 patients with HICH were enrolled. Fatigue assessment was performed 6 months after HICH onset. The presence of PSF was defined as Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) of 4 or more. Serum Cys‐C levels were measured within 24 hr after admission. The correlation between FSS score and Cys‐C level was analyzed by Spearman's correlation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for PSF were calculated using Cys‐C values.

Results

Of enrolled 125 patients in the study, 36.0% who developed PSF were divided to the PSF group, which had higher Cys‐C levels compared with the no‐PSF group. There was significant positive correlation between FSS score and serum Cys‐C level. Receiver operating characteristic curves for PSF revealed an area under the curve of 0.86 for Cys‐C. High admission Cys‐C (>0.75mg/L) yielded specificity of 93.7%, positive predictive value of 87.5%, and negative predictive value of 88.2%. In multivariate analysis, Cys‐C increased by 1 mg/dl (0.1 mg/L), and the risk of PSF in patients increased by 2.55 times (odds ratio = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.65–3.95, p < .001).

Conclusions

High Cys‐C levels have predictive value for PSF and can be used as one screening indicator for PSF occurrence.
Determinants of a sustainable innovation system
Authors: Zartha Sossa Jhon Wilder , López Montoya Oscar Hernán , Acosta Prado Julio Cesar
Published: November 2020

This study seeks to identify and define the determinants of the sustainable innovation system (SIS). To achieve the objective, a qualitative approach was used through a systematic literature review using data from Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. Two search equations were used to extract the data. In the first search equation, 69 documents were analyzed, and for the second, 102 documents were analyzed. Multiple definitions were found regarding SIS, it is worth highlighting in the findings the evolutionary process that these systems follow. As a contribution to the study, 79 determinants of an SIS are presented derived from the classic functions of an innovation system.
Realizing virtual research environments for the agri‐food community: The AGINFRA PLUS experience
Authors: Assante Massimiliano , Boizet Alice , Candela Leonardo , Castelli Donatella , Cirillo Roberto , Coro Gianpaolo , Fernández Enol , Filter Matthias , Frosini Luca , Georgiev Teodor , Kakaletris George , Katsivelis Panagis , Knapen Rob , Lelii Lucio , Lokers Rob M. , Mangiacrapa Francesco , Manouselis Nikos , Pagano Pasquale , Panichi Giancarlo , Penev Lyubomir , Sinibaldi Fabio
Published: November 2020

The enhancements in IT solutions and the open science movement are injecting changes in the practices dealing with data collection, collation, processing, analytics, and publishing in all the domains, including agri‐food. However, in implementing these changes one of the major issues faced by the agri‐food researchers is the fragmentation of the “assets” to be exploited when performing research tasks, for example, data of interest are heterogeneous and scattered across several repositories, the tools modelers rely on are diverse and often make use of limited computing capacity, the publishing practices are various and rarely aim at making available the “whole story” including datasets, processes, and results. This paper presents the AGINFRA PLUS endeavor to overcome these limitations by providing researchers in three designated communities with Virtual Research Environments facilitating the use of the “assets” of interest and promote collaboration.
Investigations on a platinum catalyzed membrane for electrolysis step of copper‐chlorine thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production
Authors: Banerjee Atindra Mohan , Antony Rajini P. , Pai Mrinal R. , Kumar Asheesh , Tripathi Arvind K.
Published: November 2020

Considering the low temperature demand (~550°C maximum) and high efficiency (~43%), Cu–Cl thermochemical water splitting cycle has immense potential as a futuristic scalable hydrogen generation process. CuCl/HCl electrolysis is the crucial hydrogen generation step in the Cu–Cl thermochemical cycle. The efficiency of this electrolysis process is highly dependent on the performance of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) employed. To explore the suitability of the platinized membrane for this step, in this study, we have investigated a Pt/Nafion‐117 MEA prepared by in‐situ impregnation‐reduction method for CuCl/HCl electrolysis. A single‐cell PEM‐type electrolyser (4 cm2 active area) consisting of serpentine channels (2 cm × 2 cm) grooved in graphite flow field plates was designed and fabricated to carry out the CuCl/HCl electrolysis. Platinum electrocatalyst was deposited on Nafion‐117 membrane on the cathodic side by reduction of hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) by the impregnation‐reduction method which served as the MEA. Monodispersed nanocrystalline Pt particles formed a ~30 μm thick electrocatalyst layer on the membrane. Pt/Nafion‐117 MEA was found to be effective for CuCl /HCl electrolysis. In a PEM‐type electrolyser with Ar‐purged 0.2 M CuCl in ~2 M HCl solution as anolyte flowing at ~ 8.8 mLmin−1, a current density of ~100 mA cm−2 was achieved at a cell voltage of 1 V. However, undesired Cu‐crossover could be noticed from anode to cathode side during operation.
Intelligent optimization of bioleaching process for waste lithium‐ion batteries: An application of support vector regression approach
Authors: Ruhatiya Chaitanya , Gandra Ruthvik , Kondaiah P , Manivas Kura , Samhith Aditya , Gao Liang , Lam Jasmine Siu Lee , Garg Akhil
Published: November 2020

Recovery of toxic and vital metal from spent Li‐ion batteries is a vital problem in the recycling industry. The recycling processes such as bioleaching are much simpler and environment friendly but lack the required efficiency for metal recovery to prove the commercial feasibility of the model. This work focuses on increasing the efficiency of the bioleaching process by targeting its intermediate processes for maximum vital metal recovery. The intermediate process of biomass generation from Aspergillus niger fungus is targeted. The data from experimental design is modelled using support vector regression with v‐fold cross‐validation. The bioleaching process is optimized such that maximum biomass concentration is obtained for efficient and commercially viable metal recovery. The results are divided into four sections, each addressing an important issue of the recycling process mechanism. The generated model is found to have good stability and accurate process mechanism predictability. Global sensitivity and interaction analysis is employed for efficient weighted optimization. The model generated trends and optimization results are verified through the profiling curve as well as past literature experimental data. This work reports the maximum biomass concentration of 25 g/L. The model employed is stable and efficient, reaching a stable optimized value under 300 iterations. The optimized input parameters values obtained are 144.39 g/L, 1.29% v/v, 6.70, 1513.05 ppm, 4989.79 ppm, 2094.22 ppm, 347.57 ppm and 2.37 for sucrose concentration, inoculum size, initial pH, oxalic acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, citric acid concentration and final pH, respectively.
The value added of the Bank of Japan's range forecasts
Authors: Tsuchiya Yoichi
Published: November 2020

This study investigates whether the Bank of Japan's (BOJ's) interval forecast publications have an added value relative to its point forecast publications by focusing on the range forecasts released by its policy board members. We find that the width of the BOJ's range forecasts has additional information for predicting inflation over point forecasts for the policy decision periods of 12–18 months. The predictive power of the range forecast is robust to the state of the economy, the recently introduced negative interest rate policy, and economic uncertainty measures. Furthermore, both the point and range forecasts influence professional forecasts. Our findings suggest that the source of the central bank's influence is closely related to its information content, not to forecasting accuracy. Therefore, range forecasts are important tools for monetary policy communication.
Enhancement of low‐fat Feta cheese characteristics using probiotic bacteria
Authors: Hamdy Ahmed M. , Ahmed Mahmoud E. , Mehta Dipakkumar , Elfaruk Mohamed Salem , Hammam Ahmed R. A. , El‐Derwy Yaser M. A.
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to manufacture low‐fat Feta cheese (LFC) using different types of starter cultures, such as yogurt (Y) cultures (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus), bifidobacterium (B) cultures (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum), and mixed of them (Y + B) at different rates (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6%). The Y + B cultures improved the flavor and body and texture of LFC, especially at a ratio of 0.4 + 0.6% and 0.5 + 0.5%, which is similar to the typical full‐fat Feta cheese. Also, the LFC maintained a higher number of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria after 30 d of storage at a range of 5 to 7 log cfu/g.