bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Assessment of Dietary Patterns in the United States: A Full Food Supply Chain Perspective
Authors: Kim Daesoo , Parajuli Ranjan , Thoma Gregory J.
Published: February 2020

A tiered hybrid input–output-based life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to analyze potential environmental impacts associated with current US food consumption patterns and the recommended USDA food consumption patterns. The greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) in the current consumption pattern (CFP 2547 kcal) and the USDA recommended food consumption pattern (RFP 2000 kcal) were 8.80 and 9.61 tons CO2-eq per household per year, respectively. Unlike adopting a vegetarian diet (i.e., RFP 2000 kcal veg or RFP 2600 kcal veg), adoption of a RFP 2000 kcal diet has a probability of increasing GHGEs and other environmental impacts under iso-caloric analysis. The bigger environmental impacts of non-vegetarian RFP scenarios were largely attributable to supply chain activities and food losses at retail and consumer levels. However, the RFP 2000 vegetarian diet showed a significant reduction in the environmental impacts (e.g., GHGEs were 22% lower than CFP 2547). Uncertainty analysis confirmed that the RFP 2600 scenario (mean of 11.2; range 10.3–12.4 tons CO2-eq per household per year) is higher than CFP 2547 (mean of 8.81; range 7.89–9.95 tons CO2-eq per household per year) with 95% confidence. The outcomes highlight the importance of incorporating environmental sustainability into dietary guidelines through the entire life cycle of the food system with a full accounting of the effects of food loss/waste.
Structural Changes of Compacted Soil Layers in Northeast China due to Freezing-Thawing Processes
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Hengfei , Tian Zhengchao , Lu Yili , Gao Weida , Ren Tusheng
Published: February 2020

Soil compaction has become a global concern that reduces soil quality and may jeopardize agricultural sustainability. The objective of this study is to evaluate if the freezing–thawing process can alleviate the negative effects of soil compaction during overwinter time in Northeast China. The field experiment was a split plot design including two surface treatments (bare and mulch) and three compaction levels (low, moderate, and high compactions with initial bulk densities of 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 g cm−3). Results showed that compared with initial values in the fall, freezing–thawing events increased soil porosity (by 4.28% to 25.68%) and the ratio of large-size pores (by 44.5% to 387.6%) after thawing in the spring. The greatest changes were observed in the high compaction treatment, and mulch-enhanced soil structural transformation. Additionally, the ratio of large-size aggregates (>1 mm) was increased and the fraction of small-size aggregates (<1 mm) was decreased. These changes in soil structural characteristics were attributed mainly to the modification of ice-filled pores space during the overwinter period. We concluded that the freezing–thawing process was an effective natural force for ameliorating soil compaction in Northeast China.
“Mens Sana in Sound Corporations”: A Principled Reconciliation Between Profitability and Responsibility, With a Focus on Environmental Issues
Authors: Jora Octavian-Dragomir , Apăvăloaei Matei-Alexandru , Roșca Vlad I. , Iacob Mihaela
Published: February 2020

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a praised and promoted business behavior nowadays, widely understood as the entrepreneurs’ and managers’ attempts to make amends for some of the excesses that their economic activities bring about, for instance with regard to environmental negative externalities or to public ecological assets under-provision. It is of utmost importance to duly process and profess the CSR concept, one placed at a subtle interplay between business profitability and civic/social responsibility, between economic and ethical/legal realms, since the misrepresentation of economic agents’ benchmark of proper conduct might harm both social landscape and ecological environment. Still, despite its rich occurrence in scholarly literature as well as recurrence in business practices, CSR requires both further and thorough clarification, since many studies postulate that the free-market mindset is rather dismissive of CSR solicitudes. The current research paper fills such a sensitive conceptual gap by explaining why CSR regards are logically compatible with the free markets, with no reason to decree a market failure in this matter. The work takes the form of an analytical research, of an explicitly conceptual nature, based on praxeologically-deductive argumentation, documenting the fundamental compatibility of CSR with the free market order, populated by profit-driven capitalist corporations that, far from being reckless, are disciplined by the rule of law of clearly defined, defended, divestible property rights. As such, the plea adopted the methodological acquis of the Austrian School of law and economics. The main findings of the present study reveal that (a) in economic commonsense, the “profit motive” is the prima facia rule of judiciousness as the care for third-parties’ welfare can be ensured only after own well-being has been secured, while (b) ethically, “social responsibility”, as an extra-contractual duty, does build up on top of, not as trade-off with a robust property rights order.
Measuring Improvement of Economic Condition in State-Owned Forest Farms’ in China
Authors: Chen Rongyuan , Chen Wenhui , Hu Mingxing , Huang Wei
Published: February 2020

An important policy cornerstone for China to reduce poverty includes China’s goal of achieving complete poverty alleviation in its state-owned forest farms by 2020. This study describes and documents the poverty reduction effect in impoverished Chinese state-owned forest farms. Based on a sample of 4855 state-owned forest farms in 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2017, this paper uses the difference-in-difference method to study the dynamic process of poverty reduction by policies for impoverished state-owned forest farms. The results show that the implementation of the policy significantly promoted the economic development of impoverished state-owned forest farms and caused the treatment group to increase by approximately 10.6% over the control group. Moreover, the establishment of a list of impoverished state-owned forest farms had an indirect impact on the economic performance of forest farms, through channels such as infrastructure poverty alleviation, human capital investment, and per capita income of forest farm employees. Additionally, the effects of the policy on non-impoverished counties were stronger than that on impoverished counties, and impoverished state-owned forest farms may not appear in impoverished counties. The degree of financial dependence of the local government had a significant positive impact on the economic development of impoverished state-owned forest farms. The effects of the policy on different forest farms were heterogeneous. Our study provides recommendations for the future development of impoverished Chinese state-owned forest farms and for the improvement of poverty alleviation efficiency.
Characterization of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in Europe
Authors: Arnés García Marta , Yagüe José Luis , de Nicolás Víctor Luis , Díaz-Puente José M.
Published: February 2020

The recognition and safeguarding of agricultural heritage in Europe are new concepts that are gaining attention due to the contribution they make to sustainability. Of the 57 Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) that exist in the world today, only six have been designated in Europe. Through a qualitative analysis of the proposal documents submitted by these six European GIAHS to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) during the designation process, this study provides a comparative characterization of these sites supported by expert assessment. During the first phase, 24 specific sub-criteria were observed based on the five main criteria that a site has to meet in order to demonstrate its global relevance as an agricultural heritage of humanity. The relevance of the resulting sub-criteria was then assessed by a Delphi panel of experts and the validated ones were applied in an assessment of the six European sites. The European GIAHS sites are characterized by the high value of their cultural landscapes’ evolution, modeled by traditional and adaptive agriculture knowledge and practices that are promoted and maintained thanks to organized and committed social organizations. The results of structuring of sub-criteria can facilitate the application of other possible European GIAHS sites.
A Planning Support Tool for Layout Integral Optimization of Urban Blue–Green Infrastructure
Authors: Zhou Conghui , Wu Yun
Published: February 2020

Urban blue infrastructure (UBI) and urban green infrastructure (UGI) can be seen as an integrated system in which services and spatial layouts complement each other. However, given its complexity, it is difficult to integrate and optimize the layout of urban blue and green infrastructure (UBGI) in the built environment. This study develops a planning support tool for the layout integral optimization (PSTLIO) of UBGI. Using Hekou City in China as a case study, service demands and the supply of suitable land for UBGI development are assessed and mapped on geographic information system (GIS). The potential areas for UBGI development are delineated after mapping assessments of service demand and land supply and suitability. Following discussions on the exact means for PSTLIO to support the layout optimization of UBGI, a PSTLIO-based solution is developed to structure the UBGI link network and hub system, define the functions and service patterns of single UBGI components, and provide guidance for determining the scale of UBGI components. The results show that PSTLIO is able to provide a quantifiable base for decision-making in UBGI layout optimization.
Impact of Political Connection Strength on the Internationalization Outcome of Chinese Firms: Perspectives from Market Exploration and Technology Acquisition
Authors: Zhang Gupeng , Zhang Qianlong , Huang Dujuan
Published: February 2020

Although the role of a home country’s government in firms’ internationalization processes has been investigated, there is a gap in the literature concerning the effectiveness of the government’s effort. Based on the data of 1996 Chinese listed firms, this study investigates how the strength of Chinese firms’ political connection with their home country government impacts the outcomes of their internationalization activities. These activities are classified into market exploration and technology acquisition. We establish an index to measure the firms’ political connection strength and find that it exhibits a bimodal distribution, which indicates that some firms maintain a close relationship with the government, while the business activities of others are distant from the government. The strength of the political connection has different moderating effects on firms’ internationalization processes when either the international market context or the firms’ internationalization activities vary. A strong political connection is beneficial for firms to explore the markets and acquire beneficial technology from developed countries. Compared with its role in exploring international markets, political connection plays a more significant moderating role in augmenting the positive effect of international technology acquisition on firms’ innovation capability. Therefore, Chinese firms may perform better in the internationalization process if they maintain a close relationship with the Chinese government, which engages in promoting the internationalization of domestic firms through an array of policies that may compensate for the firms’ disadvantages. Our results show the mechanism through which emerging countries’ governments use directives and incentives to facilitate the internationalization of domestic firms.
The Spatial Dimension of Income Inequality: An Analysis at Municipal Level
Authors: Mastronardi Luigi , Cavallo Aurora
Published: February 2020

This paper focuses on the analysis on income inequality in Italy at the municipal level of the areas defined by the National Strategy for Inner Areas. We discuss an analysis of the economic and spatial dynamics of the phenomenon through the construction of the Gini’s coefficient and the estimation of the regression model for the evaluation of the determinants of inequality. We highlight the influence of the spatial dimension on income inequality in Italy. Inequality appears to be greater in densely populated urban centers with a strong incidence of tertiary activities and young population. Conversely, in the inner areas, the distribution of income is more balanced due probably to the weakness of the social and economic structure that determines low levels of income and job opportunities mainly in the agricultural sector.
The Relationship between Development of Tourism, Quality of Life and Sustainable Performance in EU Countries
Authors: Băndoi Anca , Jianu Elena , Enescu Maria , Axinte Gheorghe , Tudor Sorin , Firoiu Daniela
Published: February 2020

Relationships between tourism development, quality of life and sustainable performance are very important topics and benchmarks in long-term policies and strategies at global, regional and local levels. Starting from the concerns expressed by researchers and international organizations, as well as the characteristics of the European region, our research aims to identify these relationships in the context of increasing pressure from stakeholders on the adoption of decisive measures in order to limit the negative effects manifested globally in the context of climate change. Using cluster analysis, we managed to identify relevant groups of countries, based on the selected variables. The results of the study highlight the existence of a positive relationship between the development of tourism and the increase of the quality of life, as between the level of sustainable performance and tourism intensity, opening the possibility of future research on the causal relationships between the selected variables and the promotion of coherent public policies that support the sustainable development.
Effect of Embodied Energy on Cost-Effectiveness of a Prefabricated Modular Solution on Renovation Scenarios in Social Housing in Porto, Portugal
Authors: Almeida Manuela , Barbosa Ricardo , Malheiro Raphaele
Published: February 2020

A large-scale energy renovation intervention in existing buildings has been consistently presented as the most significant opportunity to contribute to achieving the European targets for 2030 and 2050. One of the key points for such achievement is the cost-effectiveness of the interventions proposed, which is also closely related to decent housing affordability. Prefabricated modular solutions have been pointed out as a pathway, but there are knowledge gaps regarding both its cost-effectiveness and its environmental performance. Considering a social housing multi-family building in Porto, Portugal, as a case study, this research employs energy simulations, a cost-optimal methodology and a life cycle analysis approach to assess the influence of considering embodied energy and emissions in cost-effectiveness calculations. In general terms, the hierarchical relation between calculated renovation scenarios remain identical, as well as the choice of the cost-optimal combination, which can reduce primary energy needs by 226 kWh/(y.m2). However, embodied carbon emissions and embodied energy of the materials used in the calculations, which are indicative of the sustainability of such interventions, increase the energy and carbon emissions associated to each renovation package by an average of 43 kWh/(y.m2) and 9.3 kgCO2eq/(y.m2), respectively.
Submergence Tolerance in Rice: Review of Mechanism, Breeding and, Future Prospects
Authors: Oladosu Yusuff , Rafii Mohd Y. , Arolu Fatai , Chukwu Samuel Chibuike , Muhammad Ismaila , Kareem Isiaka , Salisu Monsuru Adekunle , Arolu Ibrahim Wasiu
Published: February 2020

Flooding or submergence is one of the major environmental stressors affecting many man-made and natural ecosystems worldwide. The increase in the frequency and duration of heavy rainfall due to climate change has negatively affected plant growth and development, which eventually causes the death of plants if it persists for days. Most crops, especially rice, being a semi-aquatic plant, are greatly affected by flooding, leading to yield losses each year. Genetic variability in the plant response to flooding includes the quiescence scheme, which allows underwater endurance of a prolonged period, escape strategy through stem elongation, and alterations in plant architecture and metabolism. Investigating the mechanism for flooding survival in wild species and modern rice has yielded significant insight into developmental, physiological, and molecular strategies for submergence and waterlogging survival. Significant progress in the breeding of submergence tolerant rice varieties has been made during the last decade following the successful identification and mapping of a quantitative trait locus for submergence tolerance, designated as SUBMERGENCE 1 (SUB1) from the FR13A landrace. Using marker-assisted backcrossing, the SUB1 QTL (quantitative trait locus) has been incorporated into many elite varieties within a short time and with high precision as compared with conventional breeding methods. Despite the advancement in submergence tolerance, for future studies, there is a need for practical approaches exploring genome-wide association studies (GWA) and QTL in combination with specific tolerance traits, such as drought, salinity, disease and insect resistance.
Inter-Campus Sharable Potential of Hardware Educational Resources in A University Town: Connotation, Determination Method and A Case Study
Authors: Zhang Yali , Zhu Huihui , Mu Bo , Zhang Xiaojian , Cui Xuerong
Published: February 2020

Sharing educational resources (ERs) among campuses in a university town (UT) could avoid the waste or repeated construction of ERs, which is beneficial to the sustainable utilization of resources. For hardware educational resources (HERs) greatly attached to land resources, whether they have surplus shareable potential is the key factor relating to inter-campus sharing. However, there is a serious lack of definition and quantitative research on HERs’ shareable potential. Based on the correlation between land resource utilization and HER sharing, we firstly defined the connotation of inter-campus sharable potential of HERs (ISPHERs), put forward its calculation method and carried out a case study in Longzi Lake UT of Zhengzhou City, Henan province, China. The results show that: (1) ISPHERs could be defined from the perspective of “the best utilization degree” which mainly depended on the utilization and development gap between the present area value and the possible most intensive one under certain conditions; (2) based on the area quota and the students’ number, the ISPHERs was calculated by the Delphi and multi-factor model methods; (3) the case study in Longzi Lake UT of Zhengzhou City, Henan province, China showed that the comprehensive ISPHERs was high in the south and low in the north, and the libraries and canteens in five colleges and universities mainly providing vocational skills training were insufficient. If all the 11 campuses could freely share HERs, there would be an overall surplus of the five kinds of HER (i.e., classroom, laboratory, library, indoor sports room and canteen). The comprehensive management framework should include sustainable concept guidance, cooperation system construction, planning control, benefit adjustment and technological innovation, etc.
Cell Lines for Honey Bee Virus Research
Authors: Guo Ya , Goodman Cynthia L. , Stanley David W. , Bonning Bryony C.
Published: February 2020

With ongoing colony losses driven in part by the Varroa mite and the associated exacerbation of the virus load, there is an urgent need to protect honey bees (Apis mellifera) from fatal levels of virus infection and from the non-target effects of insecticides used in agricultural settings. A continuously replicating cell line derived from the honey bee would provide a valuable tool for the study of molecular mechanisms of virus–host interaction, for the screening of antiviral agents for potential use within the hive, and for the assessment of the risk of current and candidate insecticides to the honey bee. However, the establishment of a continuously replicating honey bee cell line has proved challenging. Here, we provide an overview of attempts to establish primary and continuously replicating hymenopteran cell lines, methods (including recent results) of establishing honey bee cell lines, challenges associated with the presence of latent viruses (especially Deformed wing virus) in established cell lines and methods to establish virus-free cell lines. We also describe the potential use of honey bee cell lines in conjunction with infectious clones of honey bee viruses for examination of fundamental virology.
Identification of HIV-1 Envelope Mutations that Enhance Entry Using Macaque CD4 and CCR5
Authors: Roop Jeremy I. , Cassidy Noah A. , Dingens Adam S. , Bloom Jesse D. , Overbaugh Julie
Published: February 2020

Although Rhesus macaques are an important animal model for HIV-1 vaccine development research, most transmitted HIV-1 strains replicate poorly in macaque cells. A major genetic determinant of this species-specific restriction is a non-synonymous mutation in macaque CD4 that results in reduced HIV-1 Envelope (Env)-mediated viral entry compared to human CD4. Recent research efforts employing either laboratory evolution or structure-guided design strategies have uncovered several mutations in Env’s gp120 subunit that enhance binding of macaque CD4 by transmitted/founder HIV-1 viruses. In order to identify additional Env mutations that promote infection of macaque cells, we utilized deep mutational scanning to screen thousands of Env point mutants for those that enhance HIV-1 entry via macaque receptors. We identified many uncharacterized amino acid mutations in the N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) and C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR) regions of gp41 that increased entry into cells bearing macaque receptors up to 9-fold. Many of these mutations also modestly increased infection of cells bearing human CD4 and CCR5 (up to 1.5-fold). NHR/CHR mutations identified by deep mutational scanning that enhanced entry also increased sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies targeting the MPER epitope, and to inactivation by cold-incubation, suggesting that they promote sampling of an intermediate trimer conformation between closed and receptor bound states. Identification of this set of mutations can inform future macaque model studies, and also further our understanding of the relationship between Env structure and function.
Clinical Challenges in a 49-Year-Old Patient with Severe Tick-Borne Myeloradiculitis Despite Complete Active Vaccination
Authors: Feige Julia , Moser Tobias , Hauer Larissa , Pikija Slaven , Sellner Johann
Published: February 2020

Vaccination is an effective means to prevent infectious diseases including tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), an emerging Flavivirus infection. There is, however, only limited knowledge about risk of vaccination failure, the disease course and the challenges for work-up and care. Of note, there is evidence that patients with breakthrough disease experience a more severe disease course. We report the case of a previously healthy 49-year-old woman who developed severe myeloradiculitis caused by the TBE virus despite receiving a complete cycle of primary immunization and booster vaccinations within the recommended timeframe. The disease course was characterized by progressive tetraparesis, pain and bladder dysfunction and necessitated intensive care unit admission (ICU) and the escalation of pain management. This case raises awareness for the recognition of breakthrough disease in younger patients and reinforces the need to develop measures to identify patients with insufficient protection.
Generation of A Triple Insert Live Avian Herpesvirus Vectored Vaccine Using CRISPR/Cas9-Based Gene Editing
Authors: Tang Na , Zhang Yaoyao , Sadigh Yashar , Moffat Katy , Shen Zhiqiang , Nair Venugopal , Yao Yongxiu
Published: February 2020

Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), used originally as a vaccine against Marek’s disease (MD), has recently been shown to be a highly effective viral vector for generation of recombinant vaccines that deliver protective antigens of other avian pathogens. Until the recent launch of commercial HVT-vectored dual insert vaccines, most of the HVT-vectored vaccines in the market carry a single foreign gene and are usually developed with slow and less efficient conventional recombination methods. There is immense value in developing multivalent HVT-vectored vaccines capable of inducing simultaneous protection against multiple avian pathogens, particularly to overcome the interference between individual recombinant HVT vaccines. Here we demonstrate the use of a previously developed CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing protocol for the insertion of ILTV gD-gI and the H9N2 AIV hemagglutinin expression cassettes into the distinct locations of the recombinant HVT-IBDV VP2 viral genome, to generate the triple insert HVT-VP2-gDgI-HA recombinant vaccine. The insertion, protein expression, and stability of each insert were then evaluated by PCR, immunostaining and Western blot analyses. The successful generation of the first triple insert recombinant HVT vaccine with the potential for the simultaneous protection against three major avian viral diseases in addition to MD is a major innovation in vaccination-based control of major poultry diseases.
Straight-Move Robot Control System with LabView-Based Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Control
Authors: W Andrean George
Published: February 2020

Abstract - Control and monitoring of the rotational speed of a wheel (DC motor) in a process system is very important role in the implementation of the industry. PWM control and monitoring for wheel rotational speed on a pair of DC motors uses computer interface devices where in the industry this is needed to facilitate operators in controlling and monitoring motor speed. In order to obtain the best controller, tuning the Integral Derifative (PID) controller parameter is done. In this tuning we can know the value of proportional gain (Kp), integral time (Ti) and derivative time (Td). The PID controller will give action to the DC motor control based on the error obtained, the desired DC motor rotation value is called the set point. LabVIEW software is used as a PE monitor, motor speed control. Keyword : LabView, Motor DC, Arduino, LabView, PID.
Chicken Egg Incubator Temperature Control Using DC Lights With PID Control
Authors: Hendriawan Ade
Published: February 2020

Abstract - Hatching of chicken eggs or incubators is a tool to petrify the hatching process by using incandescent lamps as a substitute for the hatching process of hens, In the industry Chicken poultry hatchery cultivation is very important in terms of temperature stability especially using artificial incubators. The incubator circulating on the market today only uses the reley system, which works on and off on a very long time to reach the steady state. The purpose of this research is to make chicken egg incubatot using dc lamp and lm35 sensor with Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control. In this experiment we can find out the values of Proportional gain (Kp), Integral Time (Ti), and Derivative Time (Td). Keyword : PID, lm35 sensor, DC light, Chicken Egg Incubator
“Deixa Amor”
Authors: Oliveira André de Brito , Osborne Renata
Published: February 2020

É objeto deste estudo o grupo de lazer Deixa Amor, estruturado há mais de uma década na cidade de São Pedro da Aldeia-RJ, o qual tem como álibi para seus encontros semanais, a prática do futebol de praia, realizada na Praia do Boqueirão aos domingos pela manhã. Trata-se de um grupo formado por 30 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade igual ou superior a 40 anos. Por meio de um estudo de caso, utilizando entrevista de grupo focal, observação participante, diário de campo e gravação de áudio e vídeo, objetiva-se com este artigo, compreender em profundidade os sentidos que os sujeitos envolvidos atribuem ao esporte de lazer que praticam e, os significados daquilo que chamam de lazer pela prática do esporte competitivo, sem que este denote, para o grupo, competição. Como resultado, encontrou-se um grupo bastante estável no que se refere à manifestação do esporte de praia na cultura local, sem muita influência da esportivização, ainda que se perceba em sua prática e narrativas, discursos acerca da competição. No entanto, apesar de sustentar o perfil do homo competitivus, a inventividade e a liberdade deste grupo são características que superam as limitações da idade e, forjam um estilo de homo ludens que não nega a sua natureza competitiva.
Kontribusi maslahah Al-Thufi dalam pembaharuan Hukum Islam di era kontemporer
Authors: Hudiyani Zulfa
Published: February 2020

Abstrak

Artikel ini ingin mendongkrak lebih aktif tentang argumen para sarjana hukum Islam yang mengatakan bahwa al-Thufi merupakan seorang ulama yang dipandang ‘nyeleneh’ dalam menggunakan mashlahah mursalah dalam istinbath hukum.  Pemikirannya tentang maslahah dikenal oleh sebagian peneliti hukum Islam sebagai pemikiran yang bias. Karena menurutnya, apabila terjadi pertentangan antara nash yang qath’i dengan kemaslahatan didalam subutut dilalah, maka maslahah harus didahulukan dan menangguhkan nash.  Lantas, bagaimana sebenarnya al-Thufi dengan konsep mashlahahnya? Dan Bagaimana aplikasi mashlahah mursalah al-Thufi dan kontribusinya di era kontemporer?. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam studi ini  adalah pendekatan interpretasi dalam rangka memahami pemikiran seorang tokoh melalui karya-karyanya dan pendekatan fenomenologi. Dengan pendekatan library research terhadap literatur-literatur terkait, kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kontribusi pemikiran Al-Thufi tentang maslahat sungguh relevan pada era sekarang. Dengan konsepnya yang paling mendasar, yaitu kemaslahatan manusia juga termasuk tujuan syariat Islam.

 

Kata Kunci: Najamuddin Al - Thufi, Maslahah Mursalah, Istinbath Hukum.

 

Abstrac

This article wants to jack up more actively about the arguments of Islamic law scholars who say that al-Thufi is a scholar who is considered "eccentric" in using mashlahah mursalah in istinbath law. His thoughts about maslahah are known by some Islamic law researchers as bias thinking. Because according to him, if there is a conflict between the texts that are qath'i with the benefit in sub knees, then the issue must take precedence and suspend the texts. So, how exactly is al-Thufi with the concept of mashlahah? And how does the application of mashlahah mursalah al-Thufi and its contribution in the contemporary era?. The approach used in this study is the interpretation approach in order to understand the thoughts of a character through his works and the fenomenological approach. With a library research approach to related literatures, this study concludes that the contribution of Al-Thufi's thoughts about the maslahat is really relevant in the current era. With the most basic concept, namely the benefit of humans is also included in the purpose of Islamic law.

Keywords: Najamuddin Al - Thufi, Maslahah Mursala h , Istinbath of Law
Autonomías indígenas en América Latina a principios del siglo XXI
Authors: Śniadecka-Kotarska Magdalena
Published: February 2020

El artículo fue publicado originalmente sin un resumen
Изобретательская активность российских вузов: информационное исследование
Authors: Захарчук Т.В. , Zakharchuk T.V. , Кий М.И. , Kiy M.I.
Published: February 2020

С использованием информационно-аналитических методов выявлен общий уровень изобретательской активности вузов России. Углублённое изучение отобранных описаний изобретений позволило определить ведущие университеты и регионы России в создании интеллектуальной собственности. Показано современное состояние и основные направления изобретательской активности университетов России. Предпринята попытка установить соответствие тематики изобретений вузов «Стратегии инновационного развития Российской Федерации на период до 2020 года».
Научно-методическая деятельность Президентской библиотеки в области формирования цифрового контента
Authors: Стегаева М.В. , Stegaeva M.V. , Селиванова Ю.Г. , Selivanova J.G. , Завьялова Л.В. , Zavialova L.V.
Published: February 2020

Охарактеризовано участие специалистов Президентской библиотеки в формировании цифрового контента учреждения по программе национальной стандартизации. Освещается инновационный опыт работы Президентской библиотеки по оказанию информационно-консультационных услуг и подготовке информационной продукции. Рассматривается организация системы повышения квалификации библиотечных кадров, деятельность по переводу международных стандартов и руководств и разработке методических материалов, а также перспективные направления деятельности Президентской библиотеки в области формирования цифрового контента.
Основные методологические подходы к формированию и обоснованию архитектуры и протокола квантового распределенного реестра
Authors: Гриняев С.Н. , Grinyaev S.N. , Правиков Д.И. , Pravikov D.I. , Разгуляев К.А. , Razgulyaev K.A. , Рязанова А.А. , Ryazanova A.A. , Хан Д.В. , Khan D.V. , Щербаков А.Ю. , Shcherbakov A. Yu.
Published: February 2020

Рассмотрена проблема создания универсального методологического подхода к формированию и обоснованию архитектуры и протокола квантового распределенного реестра на основе квантовых коммуникаций и специализированного протокола обмена квантовыми ключами.
DEGREES OF SOLID VARIETIES OF SEMIRINGS
Authors: HOUNNON Hippolyte , DENECKE Klaus
Published: February 2020

For any arbitrary variety V , the degree dp(V ) of V with respectto proper hypersubstitutions was introduced in [6]. This degree of any varietyof bands was determined in [4]. In this paper we characterize the universe ofthe free algebra of each solid variety of semirings and from this we derive thedegree dp(V ) if V is any solid variety of semirings.
STANDARDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF ADVOCATE
Authors: TOMLYAK Taisa
Published: February 2020

The article deals with national, European and international legislation governing the activity of a lawyer. The analysis of labours of domestic scientists is conducted from the problems of approaching of legislation of Ukraine which regulates advocate activity, to the European and international standards. A concept «standardization of advocate activity» and its purpose is considered.

Investigational sources of standards of organization and professional activity advocacies which expose maintenance of legal model of professional and personal conduct of advocate on national, regional and international levels. The standards of advocate ethics are analysed in Ukraine, that touch the ethics obligations of advocate. Certainly basic standards of professional advocate activity, which touch functioning of advocacy (related to the grant by it professional legislative help): priority of interests of client; professionalism; specialization; insurance of advocate activity; professional advertising; guarantees of advocate activity. The international, European and national standards of organization and professional advocate activity are analysed.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL BASIS OF INFORMATION SECURITY OF UKRAINE
Authors: PRAVDYUK Andrew
Published: February 2020

The article considers the priorities of improving information security of Ukraine on the basis of analysis of internal and external factors, European tendencies and the current situation in the country. It is grounded that information security is one of the key places in the system of maintenance of vital interests of all without exception of societies. This is primarily due to the urgent need to create a well -developed information environment for society. But precisely because of the nformation environment, threats to national security are most often carried out in various spheres of activity of the individual, society and the state. The problem of information security of Ukraine and protection of the national information space from negative propaganda-manipulative information-psychological influences is investigated. The theoretical approaches to the definition of the essence of the concept of information security are analyzed; The types of real and potential information threats, principles of information security of Ukraine, which are the starting points of the formation and functioning of the information security system as a system-forming factor of all components of national security, norms and rules of conduct of citizens, state and public institutes in this sphere, are thoroughly investigated. The following topical contemporary phenomena such as cybersecurity and cyberterrorism have been researched.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF THE MARKETING STRATEGY OF THE BEAUTY SUGAR COMPANY ENTERPRISES
Authors: KRFSNIAK Olena , AMONS Sergey
Published: February 2020

The conceptual bases of development and realization of marketing strategy of enterprises of beet sugar subcomplex are considered in the article; stages of strategy formation are characterized; the complex of economic and organizational problems of realization of strategic marketing approach in the market of agricultural products is revealed.

It is established that the domestic sugar processing industry remains one of the strategically important directions of the agroindustrial complex and today it preserves the prospects of stabilization despite certain problematic aspects in the development of the enterprises of the sugar processing industry as a whole.

The basic aspects of forming of marketing strategy of processing enterprises are presented; describes the relationship between the phases of food marketing development and the level of application of the food marketing strategy. Based on this research, a set of conceptual approaches of the enterprise marketing strategy was developed, the application of which should contribute to providing a systematic approach to its planning, implementation and control.

The results of the conducted research show that the commodity policy of the sugar beet subcomplex enterprises of Ukraine should be focused on continuous improvement of the quality of production - as one of the priority areas of activity of the sugar plant, which provides its competitive advantages in the agricultural market. The assortment component implies the integrated application of diversification of commodity production by improving the existing assortment and processing of by-products.

On the basis of the analysis of the works devoted to the peculiarities of forming the marketing strategy of the processing enterprise, the authors propose their own integrated model of marketing strategy of the sugar beet subcomplex enterprises, which combines commodity, price, communication and organizational policy.
Quality Issues Regarding the Watercourses from Middle Basin of Jiu River
Authors: Cirtina Daniela , Capatina Camelia
Published: February 2020

The study aims to characterize the quality of surface waters in the middle of the river basin Jiu by monitoring physicochemical indicators of their quality, in 2013-2015. In this regard, the pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) of nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), ammonium (NH4+), total phosphorus (Ptotal), chlorides and sulphates from water have been determined. Water of Jiu River and its tributaries of Gorj county have been monitored on representative sections for the evolution of their quality. It was found that the water from natural reservoirs monitored shows an evolution in the limits permitted by the regulations in force except biochemical oxygen demand and nitrites indicators for river Jiu and Tismana and nitrate and chloride content for Gilort River.
Characterization and Stability of Heteropolyacid Catalysts Supported on MCM-41 Materials Synthesized by Ultrasonic Irradiation
Authors: Kong Song Il , Matei Danuta , Cursaru Diana , Matei Vasile , Ciuparu Dragos
Published: February 2020

A series of solid acid catalyst of the Keggin-type 12-phosphotungstic acid, H3PW12O40, supported on ordered mesoporous silica MCM-41 were prepared by a simple and effective impregnation method. MCM-41 supports were synthesized in a relatively short time via a recently reported ultrasonic irradiation method. The synthesis sonication time has been systematically varied in order to investigate its influence on the structural order of the resulting materials. The prepared catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting materials exhibited hexagonally ordered meso structure, with high surface area of the order of several hundreds of m2g-1,relatively large pore volumes, with the pore diameter in the range of 2.19 to 2.41 nm and a corresponding pore wall thickness of over 1.67nm. The results have demonstrated that high quality MCM-41 materials can be synthesized via the ultrasonic irradiation in few tens of minutes, much shorter than the conventional synthesis methods. Despite their relatively high loading, all synthesized materials retained the characteristic MCM-41mesoporous structure after impregnation of the heteropolyacid active phase onto the inner pore surface, without crystallization, but preserving the Keggin structure as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy.
Performance of Ag-HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts in n-heptane Conversion
Authors: Asaftei Iuliean Vasile , Lungu Neculai Catalin , Birsa Lucian Mihail , Sandu Ioan Gabriel , Sarbu Laura Gabriela , Ignat Maria
Published: February 2020

The conversion of n-heptanes into aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX), by the chromatographic pulse method in the temperature range of 673 - 823K was performed over the HZSM-5 and Ag-HZSM-5 zeolites modified by ion exchange with AgNO3 aqueous solutions. The catalysts, HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 33.9), and Ag-HZSM-5 (Ag1-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag1.02, Ag2-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag 1.62; and Ag3-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag 2.05 having different acid strength distribution exhibit a conversion and a yield of aromatics depending on temperature and metal content. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons BTX appreciably increased by incorporating silver cations Ag+ into HZSM-5.
Lipid Profiles and Framingham Risk Score in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Namat Razan Al , Costache Irina Iuliana , Felea Maura Gabriela , Petris Antoniu , Aursulesei Viviana , Mitu Ovidiu , Namat Nadia Al , Namat Dina Al , Constantin Mihai , Mitu Florin
Published: February 2020

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major predictors of future cardiovascular events (CVEs). In addition, biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, homocysteine, and free fatty acid (FFA) correlate well with a future CVE. The Framingham Risk Score is a gender-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual. Cardiac rehabilitation is an instrument of medical management in cardiovascular diseases; beyond prevention, it can improve heart and muscle functioning in patients that were undergoing CABG, and cardiac and vascular adaptation. Over a 2-year period, 120 subjects were randomized and comprehensively evaluated. The mean age of the patients under study was 65.70 � 9.91 years old. For the Framingham cardiovascular risk score, the mean value in the Phase I was 16.5, while the mean value in Phase III was 10.6. The difference registered after cardiac surgery and the value in 6 months after the onset of cardiac rehabilitation program was important and statistically significant, as p [ 0.05. Fibrinogen showed significant phase-to-phase reductions of plasmatic values. Lipid profile values showed a statistically significant decrease. The renal filtration function evaluated by plasma creatinine showed statistically significant improvement and, in terms of absolute values, creatinine level was reduced in a range between 0.2-0.4 mg/dL. Also, it was recorded a significantly lower level of blood urea. By comparing the Phase I and Phase III results, we observed that the median 10-year Framingham cardiovascular risk score was approximately 6% lower (p [0.05), reflecting the survival benefit gained by patients under the intensive cardiovascular recovery program.
Study of Benzoic Acid Solubility in Imidazolium Formate as Pure Ionic Liquid and Its Binary Aqueous Mixtures
Authors: Stefan Claudia Simona , Chiriac Elena Roxana , Dragostin Oana , Lisa Elena Lacramioara , Cioroi Maria
Published: February 2020

The determination of benzoic acid (BAc) solubility in pure imidazolium formate (ImForm) and their aqueous mixtures of [ImForm/water], was performed by the acid-base titration of the saturated solutions. [ImForm/water] solutions were tested using an ImForm concentration ranging from 1.66-4.33 g/L. The BAc solubility in pure ionic liquid was compared with that of some common organic solvents reported in literature, such as: ethanol, chloroform, cyclohexane. The highest solubility of BAc was for pure ImForm (from 1073 g/L at 293 K up to 2200 g/L at 323 K), the determined values being superior to BAc solubility in organic solvents mentioned. The results confirm that the polar solvents, such as ImForm and ethanol, present the highest BAc solubility values. At 293 K, the mole fraction of BAc in pure ImForm was 2.8 times higher than the mole fraction of BAc in ethanol. The BAc solubility in binary mixtures [ImForm/water] was compared with that determined in [NaCl/water] mixtures. At the same salt concentration, ranging from 1.66 to 4.33 g/L, at a constant working temperature (323 K), the increasing concentration of NaCl lowers the solubility of BAc. In opposite, the increasing of ImForm concentration determines a considerable increase in BAc solubility into the [ImForm/water] mixture. At 277 K, for 1.66 g/L salt concentration in water, the BAc solubility in [salt/water] solvents shows very similar values (~1.3 g/L) for both [ImForm/water] and [NaCl/water]. If the temperature increases to 323 K, the BAc solubility in [ImForm/water] mixture is about 1.5 times higher than that of solubility in distillated water and 2.5 times higher compared to that in [NaCl/water]. It was concluded that the benzoic acid presents a great solubility in pure ImForm and in its [ImForm/water] aqueous mixture.
Concomitant Quantification of Caffeine, Cotinine and N-methyl Uric Acid in Urine. Applications for athlete monitoring and pharmacological screening
Authors: Tero Vescan Amelia , Osz Bianca Eugenia , Maier Anca , Imre Silvia , Ormenisan Alina , Hancu Violeta , Vari Camil Eugen
Published: February 2020

Simultaneous determination of caffeine, cotinine, and 1N-methyluric acid in urine has numerous applications in determining patterns of use by athletes, according to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) which includes these substances on the Monitoring List. The method can provide information on the enzyme-inducing activity on CYP1A2 of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from cigarette smoke. Urine samples from 30 people (15 smokers and 15 non-smokers) were sampled 6 hours after having consumed a beverage with a total caffeine content of 200 mg. A HPLC with UV detection method was used which allowed concomitant determination of the three analytes. The results obtained show different values of caffeine urine concentrations (6.47 � 3.63 mM / L in smokers vs 10.09 � 5.68 in non-smokers, p [0.05) and a higher elimination of N1-methyluric acid by over 50% in smokers (identifiable due to the presence of cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine).