bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personnel consulting
Authors: Чуланова  , Chulanova Oksana
Published: July 2017

The relevance of the "Personnel Consulting" presented in the textbook
Material is due to the fact that in a post-crisis environment,
The human resources of the enterprise are one of the most
More valuable, so they require special attention and osto-
Rational approach, as well as constant monitoring.
The textbook was developed on the basis of the requirements of the work program
Discipline "Human Resources Consulting" in accordance with the
Higher educational standard of higher education
Education in the areas of 38.03.03 "Human Resource Management";
38.04.03 "Personnel Management" within the framework of the disciplines "Consulting-
Staffing "," HR consulting "; 38.06.01 "Economy"
(Profile of training 08.00.05 "Economics and management of the people
Economy ") within the framework of the discipline" Contemporary problems
Management of personnel "and the preparation of final qualifications
On these lines.
Carrier Portfolio Management for Shipping Seasonal Products
Authors: Lu Tao , Fransoo Jan C. , Lee Chung-Yee
Published: July 2017

Many seasonal products are transported via ocean carriers from origin to destination markets. The shipments arriving earlier in the market may sell at higher prices, but faster shipping services can be costly. In this paper, we study a newsvendor-type shipper who transports and sells seasonal products to an overseas market, where the selling price declines over time. A set of vessels with different schedules and freight rates are available to choose from. Our analysis demonstrates that a portfolio of vessels has two distinct effects on mitigating uncertainties in both demand and vessels’ arrival schedules, while these two portfolio effects have been previously understood as separate issues in the literature. To find the optimal portfolio in our problem, we first show that when vessels arrive in a deterministic sequence, the optimal portfolio can either be derived in closed form (in the single-demand setting), or computed efficiently with a variation of the shortest-path algorithm (in the multi-demand setting). Then, based on these results, we propose an approximation procedure to address the general problem with an uncertain arrival sequence. In each iteration of the procedure, we only need to minimize a cost function approximated by a deterministic arrival schedule, and the portfolio generated can converge to the optimal one under mild conditions. Finally, we present a real-world case study to demonstrate several practical implications of managing a carrier portfolio.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1616 .
Flexible Queueing Architectures
Authors: Tsitsiklis John N. , Xu Kuang
Published: July 2017

We study a multiserver model with n flexible servers and n queues, connected through a bipartite graph, where the level of flexibility is captured by an upper bound on the graph’s average degree, dn. Applications in content replication in data centers, skill-based routing in call centers, and flexible supply chains are among our main motivations. We focus on the scaling regime where the system size n tends to infinity, while the overall traffic intensity stays fixed. We show that a large capacity region and an asymptotically vanishing queueing delay are simultaneously achievable even under limited flexibility (dn ≪ n). Our main results demonstrate that, when dn ≫ ln n, a family of expander-graph-based flexibility architectures has a capacity region that is within a constant factor of the maximum possible, while simultaneously ensuring a diminishing queueing delay for all arrival rate vectors in the capacity region. Our analysis is centered around a new class of virtual-queue-based scheduling policies that rely on dynamically constructed job-to-server assignments on the connectivity graph. For comparison, we also analyze a natural family of modular architectures, which is simpler but has provably weaker performance.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1620 .
Choosing a test for relationships between variables
Authors: Campbell Malcolm
Published: July 2017

In this article, we will look more generally at statistical methods for measuring and testing relationships between two or more variables
The association between economic development, education and FGM in six selected African countries
Authors: Rawat Ramu
Published: July 2017

Background:

The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is highly prevalent in countries in African and the Middle East and is present at all levels of society, due to beliefs that it ensures girls' purification for their marriage.

Objective:

To examine the effect of education and economic development on FGM by selected co-variants.

Methods:

Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) (2010–13) data sets were used. The data used were from six selected African countries: Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone and Somalia.

Findings:

The prevalence of FGM was significantly higher in Somalia (98.6%), Guinea (97.8%) and Mali (92.6%) in comparison with other selected countries. The results showed that education was statistically significant (168.34; P<0.001) in changing the percentage of FGM practices in the selected countries. The economic status of women was directly associated with mutilation practices, with FGM less likely to be found among higher educated women.

Conclusions:

In these countries, various programmes are run by the government, which have not affected FGM practices, as community beliefs are often stronger than a government programme. It may take a long time for significant decline of FGM, but increasing women's education level may lead to an immediate reduction in prevalence.
Maternity waiting homes—a solution for Malawian mothers?
Authors: Urwin Liz
Published: July 2017

Background:

The maternal mortality rate in Malawi remains unacceptably high, and maternity waiting homes might offer an effective solution. The current and previous Malawian Governments both stated that they were committed to improving the maternal mortality rate, and pledged to increase the numbers of maternity waiting homes (MWH). However, it seems that little was documented about the existing maternity waiting homes.

Aims:

To gather information about one Malawian MWH and the women who attended.

Methods:

Interviews with a random sample of pregnant women in a waiting home at a local district hospital outside Lilongwe indicated why women choose to use the homes and the challenges they faced.

Findings:

Of the seven women in the study, six lived between 5 and 10 km from the MWH, and one lived more than 10 km away. Six of the women were primiparous and therefore potentially at risk of prolonged labour. Six women presented late into their pregnancy for antenatal care, and one did not present for antenatal care at all. None of the women knew their expected date of delivery, and all women in the study believed that it was better to deliver a baby in a hospital than in the village or on the way to hospital.

Conclusions:

More information about more maternity waiting homes throughout the country is needed, in order to make informed decisions about whether maternity waiting homes are useful at all and if so, how they might be optimally effective.
Obesity: our biggest challenge
Authors: McGrath Anthony
Published: July 2017

Anthony McGrath, Head of Adult Nursing and Midwifery at London South Bank University, discusses approaches to treating obesity
What is an enhanced recovery nurse: a literature review and audit
Authors: Burch Jennie , Fecher-Jones Imogen , Balfour Angie , Fitt Irene , Carter Fiona
Published: July 2017

Background:

the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme is an evidence-based pathway used to improve recovery after surgery. Despite consensus in the ERAS community that an ERAS nurse is necessary to the success of the programme, there is no definitive role profile.

Objectives:

this study aimed to define the role of the ERAS nurse and establish the main responsibilities.

Methods:

a literature review was undertaken, and a purpose-designed online survey was sent to all nurse members of ERAS UK.

Data analysis:

data are displayed as percentages with tables and charts.

Results:

33/89 ERAS nurses responded, describing their main roles as pathway development and implementation, data collection/audit, staff education and project management, as well as patient support and education throughout the pathway.

Conclusions:

roles vary considerably between ERAS nurses, their impact on the ERAS pathway is unclear, and more research is needed.
What next for nurses now the votes are cast?
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: July 2017

Penny Harrison, Senior Lecturer in Adult Nursing at De Montfort University, Leicester, looks at impact the June 2017 general election will have on nurses
Modernising Russia's National Economic System: The Potential for Reindustrialisation
Authors: Sergey Bodrunov
Published: July 2017

The author analyses the problem of reindustrialisation as the basis for the modernisation Russia's national economic system. The main goal of reindustrialisation has to be restoring the role and place of industry as the basic component of the country's economy. In Russia, the “invisible hand of the market” cannot by itself ensure the necessary structural shifts in the material and technical basis of the economy; so to supplement the self-regulation of the market, our country needs both stimulation of business and limitations on it, consciously imposed by the state. Thus, selective state regulation is indispensable in Russia, and the main objective is to identify key areas for development.
Re-using the archive in video posters: A win–win for users and archives
Authors: Sanders Willemien , Salgado Mariana
Published: July 2017

Re-use of digital archival content means interpretation; and the ability to create new and original interpretations of cultural heritage materials constitutes necessary contemporary digital and media literacy skills for any (aspiring) scholar and, by extension, informed citizen. For archives, re-use of their content results in more accessible metadata, as user-generated content has proven to be a valuable addition to traditional catalogue metadata. The Carrot is a design concept for a tool that allows its users to re-use digital archival audio-visual content and create digital narratives with the material, thereby interpreting it and adding to our understanding of the original material. By creating these narratives, new archival material is added, and the archive is thus augmented, with both the narrative and user-generated metadata. Taking the Carrot as an example, in this article we argue that digital tools for re-use of archival content provide opportunities for both users and archives and should therefore be embraced by archives. In addition, actively participating in the development of these tools gives the archives the possibility to get more tailored tools.
Review
Authors: Quanz Katherine
Published: July 2017

Society for Cinema and Media Studies Conference Report
Hacia la educación del futuro: El pensamiento computacional como mecanismo de aprendizaje generativo
Authors: Segredo Eduardo , Miranda Gara , León Coromoto
Published: July 2017

La transformación de la educación tradicional en una educación “SMART” (del inglés, “Sensitive, Manageable, Adaptable, Responsive and Timely”) implica la modernización integral de todos los procesos educativos. Para dicha transformación, la incorporación de nuevas pedagogías se vuelve imprescindible a nivel metodológico, mientras que el uso de entornos interactivos e inteligentes de aprendizaje supone un hito fundamental a nivel tecnológico. En cualquier caso, el objetivo último de esta transformación es formar y transformar a los estudiantes del futuro para que desarrollen habilidades del siglo XXI y puedan convertirse así en ciudadanos de nuestro mundo en continuo cambio. La tecnología y las computadoras son un aspecto esencial para esta modernización, no solo en términos de soporte tecnológico, sino también en términos de ofrecer nuevas metodologías para el desarrollo de nuevas pedagogías y habilidades. En este contexto, el pensamiento computacional aparece como un mecanismo prometedor para fomentar estas nuevas competencias básicas, ya que ofrece herramientas que se ajustan a los intereses del alumnado y les da la posibilidad de comprender mejor los fundamentos de nuestra sociedad y de los entornos basados en las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). En este trabajo, planteamos la necesidad de realizar un esfuerzo para fomentar el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional como una oportunidad para transformar las pedagogías tradicionales en metodologías adaptadas al futuro. Además, presentamos una visión general sobre el pensamiento computacional y analizamos el estado actual de la educación “SMART”, haciendo hincapié en la falta de metodologías que permitan apoyar esta transición. Por último, proporcionamos —a aquellos educadores interesados en conseguir un cambio real— información sobre iniciativas dedicadas a la difusión o promoción del pensamiento computacional; herramientas o materiales de apoyo para el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional entre los estudiantes; así como una síntesis de las experiencias y los resultados existentes en relación a la aplicación del pensamiento computacional en entornos educativos.
De Kant a Jean-Luc Nancy: Apontamentos sobre a problemática do sublime
Authors: Nóbrega Diogo
Published: July 2017

Este ensaio aborda o estatuto da categoria filosófica do sublime no espectro da atual reflexão sobre estética. O seu percurso desenvolve-se em três momentos. Em primeiro lugar, desenharemos uma breve arqueologia do conceito, expondo, designadamente, o seu aparecer no pensamento de Kant, tal como as influentes releituras dos filósofos franceses Jacques Derrida e Jean-François Lyotard, declaradamente marcadas por um ajustamento problemático do sublime sob referência às categorias do impossível e do inapresentável, i.e., do sublime como culminação de um experiência que nenhuma forma ou conceito poderão preencher. Em segundo lugar, sob a lente de Jean-Luc Nancy, procuraremos dar conta de uma inflexão decisiva no enquadramento contemporâneo do problema, agora referido, segundo o autor, já não à doação de um impossível, um inapresentável, mas ao acompanhamento de um ilimitado que perpetuamente se oferece no limite de uma figura. Em terceiro lugar, examinaremos, sucintamente, as condições de reversibilidade e atualização dos pressupostos de Nancy no espaço cinematográfico de Pedro Costa. Nessa sede, procuraremos enquadrar a apresentação dos corpos humanos sob referência à dominante modal e generativa que os atravessa e distingue, finalmente, como figuras sublimes.
#firstworldproblems: When Long Films Last Even Longer
Authors: Brown William
Published: July 2017

The aim of this essay is to identify the ways in which long films might be seen to constitute a challenge to the capitalist ideology that underwrites much of contemporary life. I shall do this not by identifying what makes a long film long, but by working with the very relativity of the term (it is not that all movies over, say, three hours in length are ‘long’). That is, I shall argue that a film becomes ‘long’ when it contradicts the demands of contemporary life under capitalism. I shall then explore to what extent this contradiction always holds if all films are, regardless of running time, spectacles of a sort, and thus not a challenge to, but a critical component of life under capitalism. Finally, I shall suggest that it is when films are unnecessarily longer than they should be, e.g. when the internet is not working for online film viewing, that we have perhaps the most powerful challenge to the ‘busy’ ideology of life under capitalism.
Yvone Kane e as representações do passado africano
Authors: Silva Alexsandro de Sousa e
Published: July 2017

Recensão crítica da programação de cinema Mostra África(s). Cinema e revolução: as independências de Angola, Guiné-Bissau e Moçambique, em filmes de luta e memória (Caixa Belas Artes, São Paulo, 10 a 23 de novembro de 2016).
Exhibiting Lav Diaz’s Long Films: Currencies of Circulation and Dialectics of Spectatorship
Authors: Ingawanij May Adadol
Published: July 2017

This article forms part of a larger project to explore the contemporaneity of the long films and mode of artistic practice of Filipino independent filmmaker Lav Diaz. Its research method encompasses the practice of curation combined with an exploration of the trajectories of circulation and exhibition of Diaz’s films. Drawing on my recent experience of co-curating the exhibition Lav Diaz: Journeys (January-March 2017), the article discusses the practical, institutional, conceptual, and discursive challenges of exhibiting Diaz’s long films. The process of exhibition making, and some responses to the strengths and limitations of the exhibition’s form, opened up productive hesitancies over the question of how one is to exhibit Diaz’s long films in the way that they are ‘meant to be shown.’ The frictions encountered in the curatorial process and during the exhibition’s life would seem to signal the way that Diaz’s films invoke disparate, and at times contending, conceptions of cinematic experience, participation, and spectatorial ethics.
Por Dentro das Imagens: O movimento do olhar e a vertigem do novo milénio
Authors: Mendonça Luís
Published: July 2017

Recensão crítica do livro Por Dentro das Imagens – Obras de cinema. Ideias do cinema, de Sérgio Dias Branco (2016).
The Cinema as Time Machine: Temporality and Duration in the Films of Abel Gance
Authors: Cuff Paul
Published: July 2017

This essay examines the role of duration in the films of Abel Gance, focusing in particular on J’accuse! (1919) and La Roue (1922). I relate how the length and format of these films played a central role in the way they were produced, distributed, and receiving critically. The essay begins by tracing the evolution of Gance’s early films in relation to contemporary modes of production and distribution. I demonstrate that his move from short to feature-length films also involved a move toward seriality as a means of commercial exhibition. By exploiting its long duration and multipart format, Pathé successfully marketed Gance’s four-hour J’accuse as a work of great artistic quality and of tremendous popular appeal. My second section traces the release of La Roue, highlighting the critical reaction against its extreme (eight-hour) duration and episodic format. The essay’s final section contains a close analysis of the final “episode” of La Roue. I defend the film’s slow tempo and extensive duration, arguing that both serve a complex expressive purpose – especially in its last scenes. Finally, I suggest that Gance’s concern with temporality stems from his belief in cinema as a means of memorializing the lost – and that the narrative resolution of La Roue embodies his own attempt to come to terms with personal grief.
Retrospecto sobre Andrea Tonacci: O já visto e o jamais visto
Authors: Zan Vitor
Published: July 2017

Esta resenha sintetiza e comenta a mais completa retrospectiva já realizada acerca da obra de Andrea Tonacci, sucedida no festival de documentário Cinéma du Réel, em 2017.
Cine y guerra civil española. Del mito a la memoria
Authors: Benet Vicente J.
Published: July 2017

Recensión del libro de Vicente Sánchez Biosca aparecido originalmente en español en 2006 y que acaba de ser publicado en 2016 en francés por la editorial de la Sorbona de París.
Mysteries of Lisbon and Intermedial History-Telling
Authors: Nagib Lúcia
Published: July 2017

Raúl Ruiz’s copious cinematic production has been treated as a single never-ending film due to his notorious disregard for narrative closure. Mysteries of Lisbon is his lengthiest film, consisting of a monumental adaptation (4h26min as a film, 6h as a TV series) of Camilo Castelo Branco’s eponymous novel in which interconnected narrative strands multiply across generations. However, all of these strands in the TV series, and most of them in the film, come to a logical resolution, indicating that the film’s protracted length derives from the chosen genre, the literary feuilleton combined with the soap opera, rather than being the consequence of an open-ended work. My hypothesis here is that the film’s self-reflexive procedures, questioning the medium and its hierarchic position among other media, bring storytelling close to reality and history-telling by creating holes in the narrative mesh through which the spectator can catch a glimpse of the incompleteness and incoherence of real life. In this context, the film’s constant intermedial morphings become “passages” to the real, through which decorated tiles, toy theatres, drawings and paintings change into live action and vice versa, silently subverting the idea that the story could have one single end, or an end at all.
Arte y cine. Una historia haciéndose
Authors: Vinyes Albes Marina
Published: July 2017

Comentario crítico de la exposición "Arte y cine. 120 años de intercambios", organizada por el CaixaForum Barcelona del 16 de diciembre 2016 al 26 de marzo 2017.
PERWUJUDAN PARIWISATA BERKELANJUTAN MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT LOKAL DI PULAU PAHAWANG, PESAWARAN, PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Susana Isye , Alvi Nava Neilulfar , Persada Citra
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, the concept of Tourism Planning has shifted into sustainable tourism development. Because of the slow movement in implementing the concept, many alternative approaches have been offered. One of the alternative approaches to gain the sustainable development tourism is implementing the Cittaslow philosophy. This study aims to identify the local community’s empowerment and involvement in the tourism sector in Pahawang Island, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The local community involvement and empowerment are the essence ingredients of Cittaslow philosophy implementation.  From the implication of those two aspects in the tourism sector, this study will analyze through which sustainable tourism is better to conduct. The local community empowerment was noted in the context of psychological and social aspects of local community empowerment, particularly for developing and managing tourism. This study used the qualitative method in the case of Pahawang Tourism in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The result reveals that, the more effective collaboration among government, local communities (businesses, and residents), the more chance to gain sustainable tourism.
PENGEMBANGAN KELEMBAGAAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI DAS CATUR KABUPATEN MADIUN
Authors: Pratama Khabibi Nurrofi' , Murtilaksono Kukuh , Hendrayanto Hendrayanto
Published: July 2017

Land use over its capability led to a watershed criticality. It was hypothesized by a lack of coordination in formulation and implementation of land use institution in watershed management. Catur watershed is one of critical watershed in Indonesia. This study aimed to formulate the development strategies of land use institution in Catur watershed. Institution analysis and development (IAD) framework was used to formulate it. The results showed land use problems in managing Catur watershed were 1) the overlap in determination of area function, 2) lack of socialization and supervision in implementing the regulation, and 3) a forum of coordination that has not been effective in accommodating the interests of each actors. Therefore, need an identification and involvement all the actors on conference of development planning (Musrenbang) to achieve a good governance.
PASAR DI SUDUT TIGA KORIDOR LAMA SEMARANG SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK PLACE DAN LINGKAGE EKONOMI
Authors: Rukayah Siti , Supriadi Bambang
Published: July 2017

Semarang city has golden triangle corridor as a commercial corridor in the present day. But, in the past, the city had three corridors (bigger than now). There were Bodjong street (now known as Pemuda street, part of Groote Postweg 1809-1811),  Mataram  street (now Mt. Haryono road - the road that connects the old Semarang port to the Mataram kingdom in inland Java) and Veteran road (the road linking the western side of the city to the street Mataram, to avoid the downtown area which was a swamp area). There were traditional markets in each part of the node of triangle corridors (Johar, Randu Sari and Peterongan ) that still exist until now. This study aims to reveal the organization of city structure at that time. By using the historical method and a naturalistic approach were found that the formation of triangle corridor has a function as economic lingkage and economics place, connecting and attracting each other. In the city development,  these markets become magnet and strategic node as  a place for economic activity. It was formed by the existence of  markets, functioning as the magnet for circulations dan be a place for the community. The existence of traditional villages along the corridors which have toponyms based on community economic activity at that time, became evident that the economic linkage has been formed in the past. This phenomenon has become a new knowledge that can be applied to the government for creating the concept of a city walk/ shopping belt corridor based on local wisdom of the urban planning in the past. Recommendations of this study is to preserve and develop the urban design in the past, so it can be utilized in the present situation.
An empirical note on the long-run relationship between education and religiosity in Christian countries
Authors: Herzer Dierk
Published: July 2017

The economics of religion is a relatively new field of research in economics. This note examines whether and how permanent changes in religiosity, measured by church attendance, in the long run are affected by permanent changes in education, measured by three categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Applying panel cointegration techniques to data from 20 Christian countries over the period 1925–1990, it is found that (i) only secondary education has a long-run relationship with religiosity, while there is no long-run relationship between religiosity and primary and tertiary education; (ii) secondary education has a strong negative long-run influence on religiosity; and (iii) long-run causality is unidirectional from secondary education to religiosity.
The diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers for diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)-negative PBC patients: a review of literature
Authors: de Liso Federica , Matinato Caterina , Ronchi Mariangela , Maiavacca Rita
Published: July 2017

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), also known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterized by anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) in 90%–95% of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of several serum biomarkers in patients with PBC but negative for AMA. Some antinuclear antibodies (ANA) pattern, detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), such as multiple nuclear dot (MND) and rim-like patterns are well-known to be specific for PBC. The corresponding nuclear antigens are the components of the nuclear pore complex (Gp210 for rim-like pattern) and Sp100, PML proteins (for MND pattern) detectable by immunoblotting and ELISA methods. More recently, new biomarkers have been evaluated in order to improve the diagnostic sensitivity, such as kelch-like 12 (KLHL12) and hexokinase-1. Considering these different serum biomarkers, studies evaluating their diagnostic role in AMA-negative PBC patients compared to AMA-positive ones and controls were included in this review. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 37% and 85%, respectively. The overall PPV and NPV mean values were 45% and 83%. Even if all biomarkers are very specific for PBC, the overall sensitivity was poor and therefore is necessary to identify a marker with a greater sensitivity for PBC in AMA-negative patients.
Recycling Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) from the Recirculating Waste of an Ethylene Oxide Unit
Authors: Moayed Mohsen , Mahdavian Leila
Published: July 2017

In the ethylene glycol generation unit of petrochemical plants, first a reaction of ethylene oxide takes place which is then followed by other side reactions. These reactions include water absorption with ethylene oxide, which leads to the generation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Over the lifetime of the alpha-alumina-based silver catalyst there is an increase in side reactions, increasing the amount of the formaldehyde and acetaldehyde generated by the ethylene oxide reactor which leads to reduced MEG product purity. Given the need of a petrochemical complex to further strip the aldehyde (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) to increase the quality of the MEG and increase the lifetime of the alpha-alumina-based silver catalyst, resin beds are designed and their surface absorption capacity is investigated to optimize aldehyde (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) removal in the recirculating water flow of the ethylene oxide unit. Experiments show that the ion exchange system based on strong anionic resin pre-treated with a sodium bisulfite solution can reduce the aldehyde level from about 300ppm to less than 5ppm. After the resin is saturated with aldehyde, the resin can be recycled using the sodium bisulfite solution which is a cheap chemical substance.
Antimicrobial activity and thiosulfinates profile of a formulation based on Allium cepa L. extract
Authors: Orăşan O. , Oprean R. , Saplonţai-Pop A. , Filip M. , Carpa R. , Saroşi C. , Moldovan M. , Man S.C.
Published: July 2017

Background

Allium species extracts including Allium cepa L. contain sulfur compounds, known for their antiplatelet, antimicrobial, antineoplasic activities.

Methodology

Antibacterial activity of a formulation based on A. cepa extracts-liquid and lyophilized samples, has been demonstrated using two classes of bacteria: Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and three methods: discs soaked with liquid extract, the wells method in the culture medium, filled with the liquid extract and lyophilized formulation extracts transformed by the incorporation of ultrapure water. The second part of this study includes identification of thiosulfinates compounds from the studied samples by high performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).

Results

The most important inhibition and the highest antibacterial effficiency were observed against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. The HPLC-MS thiosulfinates profile of the tested formulation extracts shows the presence of seven thiosulfinate compounds, MeS(O)S 1-propenyl (E,Z); n-PrS(O)S 1-propenyl-(E); n-PrS(O)S 1-propenyl-(Z); trans-zwiebelane; n-PrS(O)CHEtSS-1propenyl; 1-propenylS(O)CHEtSS1-propenyl, which may be responsible for antibacterial activity.

Conclusion

Testing antimicrobial effects using the three mentioned methods confirmed the antimicrobial activity of the tested samples based on A. cepa extracts, with a demonstrated content of seven thiosulfinate compounds.
Environmentally assisted cracking of pipeline steels in CO2 containing environment at near-neutral pH
Authors: Cabrini Marina , Lorenzi Sergio , Pastore Tommaso , Bolzoni Fabio Maria
Published: July 2017

The paper summarizes the results obtained by authors concerning near-neutral stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomena on buried pipelines. Stress corrosion tests according to different methodologies and fatigue propagation tests were executed on traditional steel grades. Tests were performed also on specimens pre-corroded according to a procedure developed to produce localized attacks similar to those observed during failure analysis on pipelines, acting as preferential sites for crack nucleation. Electrochemical tests were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of environmental parameter on pit formation. The main role of continuous plastic deformations on near-neutral SCC is confirmed. The effect of pH, CO2, and bicarbonate concentrations on pitting formation is discussed.
Examination and prediction of corrosion fatigue damage and inhibition
Authors: Galyon Dorman Sarah E. , Rausch Justin W. , Arunachalam Saravanan , Fawaz Scott A.
Published: July 2017

The United States Department of Defense (DoD) estimated that the annual cost of corrosion to weapon systems and infrastructure in 2014 exceeded $18 billion and that the number was likely to continue to rise. Corrosion affects military readiness by taking critical weapon systems out of action, due to the degradation of equipment. Unfortunately, as the warfighters demand more from their systems, corrosion prevention and control is frequently traded during the acquisition cycle for weapon system performance. As a result, the DoD remains entrenched in a find-and-fix corrosion management philosophy which is expensive and unsustainable. Better standardized laboratory procedures are needed to help the DoD develop (1) a fundamental understanding of corrosion damage, (2) material performance data relevant to corrosion damage, (3) prediction methodologies to help mitigate the effects of corrosion nucleated damage and (4) to develop an understanding of how corrosion preventative coatings can slow mechanical damage. This paper addresses the effect of the corrosion inhibitors strontium chromate and calcium molybdate in concentrations relevant to service on corrosion fatigue damage as well as presents development of a test methodology for the examination of the corrosion pit-to-fatigue crack transition to help the DoD improve corrosion protection system selection.
Very ampleness of the bicanonical line bundle on compact complex 2-ball quotients
Authors: Yeung Sai-Kee
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this note is to show that

2
⁢
K

{2K}

of any smooth compact complex 2-ball quotient is very ample, except possibly for four pairs of fake projective planes of minimal type, where K is the canonical line bundle.
For the four pairs of fake projective planes, the sections of

2
⁢

K
M

{2K_{M}}

give an embedding of M except possibly for at most two points on M.
Purely infinite simple Kumjian–Pask algebras
Authors: Larki Hossein
Published: July 2017

Given any finitely aligned higher-rank graph Λ and any unital commutative ring R, the Kumjian–Pask algebra

KP
R

⁢

(
Λ
)

{\mathrm{KP}_{R}(\Lambda)}

is known as the higher-rank generalization of Leavitt path algebras.
After the characterization of simple Kumjian–Pask algebras by Clark and Pangalela among others, in this article we focus on the purely infinite simple ones.
Briefly, we show that if

KP
R

⁢

(
Λ
)

{\mathrm{KP}_{R}(\Lambda)}

is simple and every vertex of Λ is reached from a generalized cycle with an entrance, then

KP
R

⁢

(
Λ
)

{\mathrm{KP}_{R}(\Lambda)}

is purely infinite.
We also prove a dichotomy for simple Kumjian–Pask algebras: If each vertex of Λ is reached only from finitely many vertices and

KP
R

⁢

(
Λ
)

{\mathrm{KP}_{R}(\Lambda)}

is simple, then

KP
R

⁢

(
Λ
)

{\mathrm{KP}_{R}(\Lambda)}

is either purely infinite or locally matritial. This result covers all unital simple Kumjian–Pask algebras.
Hormonal factors in the control of the browning of white adipose tissue
Authors: Hu Jiamiao , Christian Mark
Published: July 2017

Adipose tissue has been historically classified into anabolic white adipose tissue (WAT) and catabolic brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recent studies have revealed the plasticity of WAT, where white adipocytes can be induced into ‘brown-like’ heat-producing adipocytes (BRITE or beige adipocytes). Recruiting and activating BRITE adipocytes in WAT (so-called ‘browning’) is believed to provide new avenues for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. A number of hormonal factors have been found to regulate BRITE adipose development and activity through autocrine, paracrine and systemic mechanisms. In this mini-review we will discuss the impact of these factors on the browning process, especially those hormonal factors identified with direct effects on white adipocytes.
A Note on Hidden Transient Chaos in the Lorenz System
Authors: Yuan Quan , Yang Fang-Yan , Wang Lei
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the classic Lorenz system is revisited. Some dynamical behaviors are shown with the Rayleigh number

ρ

$\rho $

somewhat smaller than the critical value 24.06 by studying the basins characterization of attraction of attractors and tracing the one-dimensional unstable manifold of the origin, indicating some interesting clues for detecting the existence of hidden transient chaos. In addition, horseshoes chaos is verified in the famous system for some parameters corresponding to the hidden transient chaos by the topological horseshoe theory.
Horizontal Transfers and Consumption Smoothing in a Monetary Union
Authors: Roeger Werner , Vogel Lukas
Published: July 2017

The paper investigates the impact of automatic horizontal fiscal transfers on risk sharing and consumption smoothing in a 2-country DSGE model of monetary union. In particular, it uses the Asdrubali et al. (1996) approach to quantify and decompose the strength of consumption smoothing. The system of horizontal transfers between member countries has no borrowing capacity and, hence, needs to be balanced in every period in time. The transfers increase the fiscal space of national governments in (relatively) adverse situations, i. e. when the budget balance deteriorates (falling tax revenue, higher expenditure) and debt issuance is costly or constrained. The simulation results illustrate the smoothing capacity of horizontal transfers, but also suggest a significant degree of crowding-out of alternative risk sharing channels. Consequently, net stabilisation gains in the “normal times” scenario are small. Net gains increase when financial constraints in the recipient country tighten at the national level.
Eringen’s small length scale coefficient for vibration of axially loaded nonlocal Euler beams with elastic end restraints
Authors: Wang C. M. , Zhang H. , Challamel N. , Duan W. H.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the calibration of Eringen’s small length scale coefficient
Profit, Persuasion, and Fidelity: Why People Follow the Rule of Law
Authors: Ilg Michael
Published: July 2017

This article proposes that there are three types of individual interest perception that explain adherence to the rule of law. The first level, “profit,” refers to tangible individual gain, whether in the form of economic enrichment or the accumulation of political power. The second layer of interest, “persuasion,” involves social norms and reputation. In this second level, individuals adhere to a rule not because of the threat of government sanction or reward, but rather because of intangible concerns for reputation and social status. Finally, the third layer of interest involves individuals forgoing tangible benefit for the sake of fidelity to a constitutional order or a shared set of beliefs. A potential advantage of the three-interest view is that it provides for an accessible descriptive framework that captures the broad nature of the rule of law, moving from the small bribe for a local official to the question of whether a constitution will constrain the powerful. The three-interest view also aligns well with modern developments in experimental and behavioural economics and suggests future lines of research into how individuals and groups navigate from self-interest toward cooperation and fidelity.
New insights into the factors influencing movements and spatial distribution of reintroduced Bengal tigers (
Panthera tigris tigris
) in the human-dominated buffer zone of Panna Tiger Reserve, India
Authors: Kolipaka S.S. , Tamis W.L.M. , van ‘t Zelfde M. , Persoon G.A. , de Iongh H.H.
Published: July 2017

The influence of tiger-specific (sex, age group), environmental (seasons, photoperiod) and anthropogenic (human use regimes) factors on the movements and spatial distribution of tigers using the human-dominated buffer zone of the Panna Tiger Reserve, India was studied. Generalised linear mixed models were used to test the significance of the relationships between the covariates influencing tiger presence. We report that tiger-specific factors – age group (generation) and sex – and environmental factors – seasons and day/night – significantly explain the observed variations in tiger use of the human-dominated buffer zone. For instance, second-generation tigers (sub-adults) spent 40% of their time in the human-use areas, compared to 10% spent by first-generation tigers (adult). When in human-use areas, sub-adult tigers approached areas near villages and spent 30% less time in areas close to water than adult tigers. Our study concludes that, in addition to tiger-specific factors, human factors, including livestock practices and peoples’ activities, influence tiger behaviour and their use of shared spaces. These unchecked human practices may lead to increased negative tiger-human interactions and restricts tigers from exploiting the resources in multiple-use areas.
Direct generation of linearly polarized single photons with a deterministic axis in quantum dots
Authors: Wang Tong , Puchtler Tim J. , Patra Saroj K. , Zhu Tongtong , Ali Muhammad , Badcock Tom J. , Ding Tao , Oliver Rachel A. , Schulz Stefan , Taylor Robert A.
Published: July 2017

We report the direct generation of linearly polarized single photons with a deterministic polarization axis in self-assembled quantum dots (QDs), achieved by the use of non-polar InGaN without complex device geometry engineering. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of the polarization properties of these QDs and their origin with statistically significant experimental data and rigorous k·p modeling. The experimental study of 180 individual QDs allows us to compute an average polarization degree of 0.90, with a standard deviation of only 0.08. When coupled with theoretical insights, we show that these QDs are highly insensitive to size differences, shape anisotropies, and material content variations. Furthermore, 91% of the studied QDs exhibit a polarization axis along the crystal [1–100] axis, with the other 9% polarized orthogonal to this direction. These features give non-polar InGaN QDs unique advantages in polarization control over other materials, such as conventional polar nitride, InAs, or CdSe QDs. Hence, the ability to generate single photons with polarization control makes non-polar InGaN QDs highly attractive for quantum cryptography protocols.
Crystal structure of 3,3′-(butane-1,4-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(1-phenylbut-1-en-1-olato)-κ4
N,N′,O,O′]copper(II), C24H26N2O2Cu
Authors: Luo Xiaofang , Li Guoqiang , Zuo Ying , Jiang Qi , Xu Qiang
Published: July 2017

C24H26N2O2Cu, orthorhombic, C2221 (no. 20), a = 11.372(2) Å, b = 19.861(4) Å, c = 9.2904(19) Å, V = 2098.3(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0201, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0580, T = 296(2)K.
Crystal structure of 2-(8a-methyl-5-oxo-hexahydroimidazo [1,2-a]pyridin-1(5H)-yl)-2-oxoethyl acetate, C12H18N2O4
Authors: Ye Fei , Li Juan-Juan , Xu Zhao-Zheng , Fu Ying
Published: July 2017

C12H18N2O4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.1591(14) Å, b = 10.236(2) Å, c = 16.713(3) Å, V = 1224.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0333, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0810, T = 293(2) K.
Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit im höheren Lebensalter
Authors: Lampert Thomas , Hoebel Jens , Kuntz Benjamin , Fuchs Judith , Nowossadeck Enno
Published: July 2017

Anhand von Daten der Studie „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell“ (GEDA) befasst sich der Beitrag mit der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit im höheren Lebensalter. Sowohl in Bezug auf die Selbsteinschätzung des allgemeinen Gesundheitszustandes als auch in Bezug auf gesundheitsbedingte Alltagseinschränkungen treten deutliche Unterschiede zu Ungunsten von Personen mit niedrigem Sozialstatus zutage. Lediglich bei Männern ab 75 Jahren fallen die Unterschiede zwischen den Statusgruppen etwas schwächer aus. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, ältere Menschen stärker als bisher bei der Diskussion über gesundheitliche Ungleichheit und Interventionen zu deren Verringerung zu berücksichtigen.
Biomarkers in Sports and Exercise: Tracking Health, Performance, and Recovery in Athletes
Authors: Lee Elaine C. , Fragala Maren S. , Kavouras Stavros A. , Queen Robin M. , Pryor John Luke , Casa Douglas J.
Published: July 2017

Lee, EC, Fragala, MS, Kavouras, SA, Queen, RM, Pryor, JL, and Casa, DJ. Biomarkers in sports and exercise: tracking health, performance, and recovery in athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2920–2937, 2017—Biomarker discovery and validation is a critical aim of the medical and scientific community. Research into exercise and diet-related biomarkers aims to improve health, performance, and recovery in military personnel, athletes, and lay persons. Exercise physiology research has identified individual biomarkers for assessing health, performance, and recovery during exercise training. However, there are few recommendations for biomarker panels for tracking changes in individuals participating in physical activity and exercise training programs. Our approach was to review the current literature and recommend a collection of validated biomarkers in key categories of health, performance, and recovery that could be used for this purpose. We determined that a comprehensive performance set of biomarkers should include key markers of (a) nutrition and metabolic health, (b) hydration status, (c) muscle status, (d) endurance performance, (e) injury status and risk, and (f) inflammation. Our review will help coaches, clinical sport professionals, researchers, and athletes better understand how to comprehensively monitor physiologic changes, as they design training cycles that elicit maximal improvements in performance while minimizing overtraining and injury risk.
Comparison of Acute Physiological and Psychological Responses Between Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise and Three Regimes of High-Intensity Interval Training
Authors: Olney Nicole , Wertz Timothy , LaPorta Zachary , Mora Adam , Serbas Jasmine , Astorino Todd A.
Published: July 2017

Olney, N, Wertz, T, LaPorta, Z, Mora, A, Serbas, J, and Astorino, TA. Comparison of acute physiological and psychological responses between moderate-intensity continuous exercise and three regimes of high intensity interval training. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2130–2138, 2018—High-intensity interval training (HIIT) elicits similar physiological adaptations as moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) despite less time commitment. However, there is debate whether HIIT is more aversive than MICT. This study compared physiological and perceptual responses between MICT and 3 regimes of HIIT. Nineteen active adults (age = 24.0 ± 3.3 years) unfamiliar with HIIT initially performed ramp exercise to exhaustion to measure maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max) and determine workload for subsequent sessions, whose order was randomized. Sprint interval training (SIT) consisted of six 20-second bouts of “all-out” cycling at 140% of maximum watts (Wmax). Low-volume HIIT (HIITLV) and high-volume HIIT (HIITHV) consisted of eight 60-second bouts at 85% Wmax and six 2-minute bouts at 70% Wmax, respectively. Moderate-intensity continuous training consisted of 25 minutes at 40% Wmax. Across regimes, work was not matched. Heart rate (HR), V̇o
2, blood lactate concentration (BLa), affect, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed during exercise. Ten minutes postexercise, Physical Activity Enjoyment (PACES) was measured via a survey. Results revealed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) V̇o
2, HR, BLa, and RPE in SIT, HIITLV, and HIITHV vs. MICT. Despite a decline in affect during exercise (p < 0.01) and significantly lower affect (p ≤ 0.05) during all HIIT regimes vs. MICT at 50, 75, and 100% of session duration, PACES was similar across regimes (p = 0.65), although it was higher in women (p = 0.03). Findings from healthy adults unaccustomed to interval training demonstrate that HIIT and SIT are perceived as enjoyable as MICT despite being more aversive.
Special Populations: Training the Pregnant Client
Authors: Smith Katie M. , Ziel Erica
Published: July 2017

THE BENEFITS OF PRENATAL EXERCISE ARE EXTENSIVE FOR THE MOTHER AND CHILD. AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ARE SAFE WITH PROPER MODIFICATIONS SPECIFIC TO THE CLIENT'S NEEDS AND ADVANCING GESTATION. TRAINING A PRENATAL CLIENT REQUIRES UNDERSTANDING OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF PREGNANCY TO OPTIMIZE THE EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION AND RESULTING OUTCOMES.