bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexivity of Spaces of Polynomials on Direct Sums of Banach Spaces
Authors: Aguiar Adriano L. , Moraes Luiza A.
Published: May 2009

Let

P({}^nE,F)

be the space of the continuous

n

-homogeneous polynomials from

E

into

F

and

H_b(E,F)

be the space of the holomorphic mappings from

E

into

F

that are bounded in the bounded subsets of

E

, both spaces endowed with the topology

τ_b

of uniform convergence on the bounded subsets of

E

. The reflexivity of

P({}^nE,F)

is studied in connection with the density of the space of the finite type

n

-homogeneous polynomials in

P({}^nE,F)

and in connection with the equality

[P({}^nE,F), τ_b]' = [P({}^nE,F), τ_0]'

in case

E

is a reflexive countable direct sum of complex Banach spaces and

F

is a reflexive complex Banach space. The reflexivity of

H_b(E)

is also considered.
The $p$-Schrödinger Equations on Finite Networks
Authors: Park Jea-Hyun , Kim Jong-Ho , Chung Soon-Yeong
Published: May 2009

We introduce the discrete

p

-Schrödinger operator

\mathcal L_{p,ω}

and solve the following

p

-Schrödinger equation:

\mathcal L_{p,ω}u = −Δ_{p,ω}u + q|u|^{p_−2}u = f

on networks. To show the uniqueness of solutions of the

p

-Schrödinger equation, we first solve the eigenvalue problem for the

p

-Schrödinger operator and obtain some properties of the smallest eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenfunction of the

p

-Schrödinger operator.
Representation of Spaces of Entire Functions on Banach Spaces
Authors: Ansemil José M. , Aron Richard M. , Ponte Socorro
Published: May 2009

We prove the impossibility of expressing the space of entire functions on any infinite dimensional complex Banach space with a Schauder basis

E

as a countable union of spaces of entire functions that are bounded on countable open covers of

E

.
C*-Crossed Products by R, II
Authors: Kishimoto Akitaka
Published: May 2009

We propose a condition called no energy gap for a flow on a C*-algebra, which is expressed in terms of spectral subspaces, and find an equivalent condition on the primitive ideals of the crossed product which says that any primitive ideal is monotonely increasing or decreasing under the dual flow, when the C*-algebra is simple and the flow is outer. We also discuss some examples involving UHF flows.
Unit Vectors, Morita Equivalence and Endomorphisms
Authors: Skeide Michael
Published: May 2009

We solve two problems in the theory of correspondences that have important implications in the theory of product systems. The first problem is the question whether every correspondence is the correspondence associated (by the representation theory) with a unital endomorphism of the algebra of all adjointable operators on a Hilbert module. The second problem is the question whether every correspondence allows for a nondegenerate faithful representation on a Hilbert space. We also solve an extension problem for representations of correspondences and we provide new efficient proofs of several well-known statements in the theory of representations of
W
*–algebras.
On the Representation of Orthogonally Additive Polynomials in $ℓ_p$
Authors: Ibort Alberto , Linares Pablo , Llavona José G.
Published: May 2009

We present a new proof of a Sundaresan’s result which shows that the space of orthogonally additive polynomials

\mathcal P_o({}^kℓ_p)

is isometrically isomorphic to

ℓ_{p/p−k}

if

k < p <∞

and to

ℓ_∞

if

1 ≤ p ≤ k

.
Resolution of Operator Singularities via the Mixed-Variable Method
Authors: Ma Sheng-Ming
Published: May 2009

This paper applies a modern method of singularity resolution in algebraic geometry to resolving singularities of integral operators in Fourier analysis. This is achieved by introducing a method of mixed variables that is equivalent to changing coordinates for integral operators. We decompose the integral operator into dyadic pieces via monomial transforms and the mixed-variable method so as to obtain its sharp estimates on different domains. These sharp estimates can be written in an elegant form in terms of continued fractions.
República y exilio español en el fin del mundo. Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: Estrada Turra Baldomero
Published: May 2009

En este artículo nos interesa mostrar las repercusiones que tuvo la experiencia republicana española en la colectividad migrante, de esa nacionalidad, en Valparaíso (Chile). Así como analizar el proceso de adaptación e integración del grupo de exiliados españoles que llegó a esta ciudad, luego de terminada la guerra civil en su país de origen.
El aluvión comienza a sedimentar
Authors: Labrador Fernández Jesús
Published: May 2009

Los flujos de inmigrantes en España han sido continuos y crecientes en los últimos quince años. Este proceso tiene como posible consecuencia la consolidación de minorías en nuestro país. Este artículo trata de analizar algunos de los procesos de asentamiento y consolidación de una población, la ecuatoriana, que ha protagonizado un flujo significativo de entrada. Se centra fundamentalmente en las estrategias de adaptación en los ámbitos familiares y educativos de los hijos de inmigrantes ecuatorianos.
Redes sociales y emigración: el caso de los marplatenses
Authors: González Martínez Elda
Published: May 2009

Este artículo describe la última oleada de inmigración argentina en España, aquella que se produjo a raíz de la crisis que afectó al país a comienzos del nuevo milenio. A partir de entrevistas, documentación de prensa y fuentes estadísticas se analiza el papel de las redes sociales como factor que facilita, en primer lugar, la elección de destino a los emigrantes marplatenses, mientras que más tarde contribuye al proceso de asentamiento en las Baleares.
Mercado de trabajo y formación entre inmigrantes latinoamericanos en la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Rodríguez Vicente , Marcu Silvia
Published: May 2009

El artículo estudia la relación existente entre la formación y el empleo inmigrante en la Comunidad de Madrid (CAM), de los inmigrantes procedentes de Ecuador y Colombia. La primera parte aborda los desajustes existentes entre la formación y el empleo haciendo hincapié en el nivel formativo de los inmigrantes en los países de origen, mientras que la segunda parte analiza la necesidad y el valor de la formación para el acceso laboral en el mercado de trabajo madrileño. A partir del análisis del discurso de los inmigrantes y de los técnicos especialistas en el ámbito (entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales), es posible avanzar en el debate acerca del presente y de las perspectivas de futuro del mercado de trabajo y la inmigración, por una parte, y de los retos y limitaciones de la intervención sociolaboral como vía para la integración del colectivo latinoamericano, por la otra parte.
Application of a bioeconomic model for supporting the management process of the small pelagic fishery in the Veneto Region, northern Adriatic Sea, Italy
Authors: Silvestri Silvia , Maynou Francesc
Published: May 2009

We explore the sustainability of the small pelagics fishery in the northern Adriatic sea, northeastern Italy, by means of a bioeconomic simulation model. This model reproduces the biological and economic conditions in which the fisheries occur. Starting from an initial condition (2004), the simulation model incorporates the biological and economic processes of the resources and the fishing fleet and computes the most probable future trajectory of the system under different management conditions. We analysed the projection of selected indicators (biomass, recruitment, catches, profits) under four different management scenarios based on effort control, and we assessed the performance of these management measures against the current situation. The four scenarios were: i) increase in fuel price, ii) reduction in fuel price, iii) limiting the number of days at sea, and iv) extending the fishing period. Each management event was introduced in the third year of the simulation. For each scenario a stochastic simulation was carried out. Our results show that the impact of each management measure tested was not homogeneous across the fleet. In particular, comparatively smaller vessels generally display narrower profit margins and tend to be more sensitive to negative shocks, reinforcing the idea that management measures should be calibrated by stratifying the fleet before implementation.
The socio-economic impact of the Karoo National Park
Authors: Saayman Melville , Saayman Andrea , Ferreira Madelien
Published: May 2009

National parks in South Africa are seen as major tourism assets due to the wildlife and various activities for international and local visitors. Little is known of the socio-economic contribution of these parks to their respective local economies. The purpose of this research was to determine the socio-economic impact of the Karoo National Park (Karoo NP) in South Africa, especially the economic impact of the Karoo NP on the local economy, the impact of tourism business development in the Karoo district, and how the park affects the community. Three surveys were used to determine the socio-economic impact: a community survey, a business survey and a tourist survey. The results show that the park has an impact in terms of production, income generation and employment in the area, but this impact is not as significant as that of other national parks in South Africa. A small percentage (4%) of businesses in Beaufort West owe their existence to the Karoo NP, but most rely on tourist spending. For the park to have a greater impact, it is imperative to increase accommodation capacity, offer more activities and promote activities and attractions in the region.Conservation implication: The importance of this article lies in the economic value that conservation management generates as well as identifying the benefits that communities derive from the existence of a national park. It also supports the notion that conservation entails more than just conserving fauna and flora and highlights the interdependence of conservation, tourism and community participation.
Work and personal life: Which strategies do secondary school educators use to deal with the interaction?
Authors: Wentzel Lizelle , Buys Chenell , Mostert Karina
Published: May 2009

The general objective of this study was to investigate which strategies secondary school educators use to deal with the interaction between their work and personal lives. A non-probability purposive voluntary sample (N = 21) was taken of secondary school educators from the Potchefstroom and Promosa areas in the North West Province. Data was collected through a phenomenological method of semi-structured in-depth interviews and was analysed by the use of content analysis. Strategies that were reported by the educators included support and understanding from important others, work satisfaction, keeping work and personal life apart, acceptance of their teaching environment, planning ahead, experiencing teaching as a calling, experience in the educational field, communication, religion or prayer, doing exercise and staying active, and doing the work that is expected of them.
Fluid intellingence and spatial reasoning as predictors of pilot training performance in the South African Air Force (SAAF)
Authors: De Kock François , Schlechter Anton
Published: May 2009

Pilot selection is a form of high-stakes selection due to the massive costs of training, high trainee ability requirements and costly repercussions of poor selection decisions. This criterion-related validation study investigated the predictive ability of fluid intelligence and spatial reasoning in predicting three criteria of pilot training performance, using an accumulated sample of South African Air Force pilots (N = 108). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses with training grade achieved as criterion were performed for each of the phases of training, namely practical flight training, ground school training, and officers’ formative training. Multiple correlations of 0.35 (p < 0.01), 0.20 (p > 0.05) and 0.23 (p > 0.05) were obtained for flight, ground school and formative training results, respectively. Spatial ability had incremental validity over fluid intelligence for predicting flight training performance.
Insertion of the FeB cofactor in cNORs lacking metal inserting chaperones
Authors: Appelgren Sofia , Ädelroth Pia
Published: February 2025

Cytochrome c‐dependent nitric oxide reductase (cNOR) catalyzes the reduction of NO into nitrous oxide (N2O), a strong greenhouse gas released from denitrifying microorganisms. The cNOR active site holds an essential non‐heme iron, FeB, inserted using the chaperone complex NorQD. However, in Thermus thermophilus, the cNOR (TtcNOR) cluster lacks the norQD genes. Here we investigated FeB insertion into TtcNOR and characterized and compared TtcNOR expressed in Escherichia coli to that natively produced. We show that FeB is present in the natively produced TtcNOR only. Analysis of cNOR operon sequences suggests that a hydrophilic K‐pathway analogue is present in cNORs that do not rely on NorQD for iron insertion. We discuss the implications of our data for the evolution of the NOR family.
Clinical characterization of Collagen XII‐related disease caused by biallelic COL12A1 variants
Authors: McCarty Riley M. , Saade Dimah , Munot Pinki , Laverty Chamindra G. , Pinz Hailey , Zou Yaqun , McAnally Meghan , Yun Pomi , Tian Cuixia , Hu Ying , Feng Lucy , Phadke Rahul , Ceulemans Sophia , Magoulas Pilar , Skalsky Andrew J. , Friedman Jennifer R. , Braddock Stephen R. , Neuhaus Sarah B. , Malicki Denise M. , Bainbridge Matthew N. , Nahas Shareef , Dimmock David P. , Kingsmore Stephen F. , Lotze Timothy E. , Foley A. Reghan , Muntoni Francesco , Straub Volker , Donkervoort Sandra , Bönnemann Carsten G.
Published: February 2025

Objective

While there have been several reports of patients with dominantly acting COL12A1 variants, few cases of the more severe recessive Collagen XII‐related disorders have previously been documented.

Methods

We present detailed clinical, immunocytochemical, and imaging data on eight additional patients from seven families with biallelic pathogenic variants in COL12A1.

Results

All patients presented with a consistent constellation of congenital onset clinical features: hypotonia, dysmorphic features, most notably gingival hypertrophy, prominent distal joint hyperlaxity, with co‐occurring contractures of large joints, and variable muscle involvement, evident both clinically and on muscle imaging. Five patients presented with a severe congenital phenotype manifesting with profound weakness, significantly delayed or minimal attainment of motor milestones, respiratory insufficiency, and feeding difficulties. Three patients presented with mild‐to‐moderate muscle weakness and delayed milestones but were able to achieve independent ambulation. Patients were found to have biallelic loss‐of‐function COL12A1 variants, except for one family (p.I1393Ffs*11/p.A1110D). Consistent with the variable clinical spectrum, in vitro immunocytochemistry analysis in fibroblasts ranged from complete absence of Collagen XII expression in a patient with severe disease, to a mild reduction in a patient with milder disease.

Interpretation

Here we characterize the clinical presentation, muscle imaging, and dermal fibroblast immunostaining findings associated with biallelic variants in COL12A1, further establishing COL12A1 as a recessive myopathic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (mEDS) gene, and expanding the clinical spectrum to include a milder EDS phenotype.
Adaptive Fixed‐Time Control for Switched Nonlinear Systems With Actuator Faults
Authors: Liu Shuo , Zhang Huaguang , Pang Hongbo
Published: February 2025

This article concerns the adaptive fuzzy fixed‐time tracking control of uncertain switched strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with external disturbances and actuator faults, which consist of the loss of effectiveness and switched time‐varying bias fault. Fuzzy fixed‐time control problem of each subsystem is not required to be solvable, an adaptive state‐dependent switching law with dwell time and adaptive fuzzy fixed‐time fault‐tolerant controllers are designed constructively to make the output to track a reference signal in fixed time based on a switched fixed‐time command filter. The designed switching law is dependent on adaptive parameter estimation, which can prevent the Zeno behavior from happening. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the developed method, it is applied to switched RLC circuit system.
Cannabis legalization associated with teen OD deaths
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

A Regardless of sex or ethnicity, legalization of cannabis is associated with overdose deaths in American adolescents, according to a recent study published in tk. The researchers used data from CDC WONDER to evaluate legalization in each state, using the following three categories: recreational legalization, medicinal but not recreational legalization, and nonlegalization. In general drug overdose deaths have more than doubled among teens 14‐18 years of age since 2019. The cause and effect relationship is not clear, but merits additional research, according to the authors of the paper, “Cannabis and the overdose crisis among US adolescents.” The findings were that recreational legalization, in particular, was associated with the ODs. The researchers found that states which implemented recreational legalization had death rate increases of 88% in 2019, 479% in 2020, and 115% in 2021 compared to nonlegalization jurisdictions. If there is a cause‐and‐effect link, there should be an investigation of the biologic and psychosocial mechanisms, as well as interventions and prevention strategies, the researchers, led by Archie Bleyer, M.D., conclude. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
AATOD calls for presentations for 2025 meeting
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

The American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD) has issued a call for presentations for its 2025 conference, to be held October 4‐8 in Philadelphia. The deadline for submissions is February 25. Submissions should be for workshops or poster session presentations focusing the latest research, regulatory developments, and innovations highlighting current treatment initiatives. This year's conference is designed to deliver content that captures best‐practices, as well as highlight new initiatives that have been developed in response to the vast, sweeping changes that have taken place in the field of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) through federal and state regulatory bodies. “As the wide‐spread opioid epidemic continues to ravage our country and much of the world, our primary goal is to remain abreast of highly effective treatment initiatives that are critical to the success of our programs and patients,” wrote conference chair Joshua Nirella. “We also seek to educate and forge partnerships with other providers, and broader healthcare systems, judicial systems, social services systems, and government and policy makers, to improve access to quality MOUD care.” And Nirella said it's essential to get help from people with the knowledge, experiences, research, and expertise. “We are living in historic times in MOUD care,” said Nirella, who is regional director at Acadia Healthcare. “This is your opportunity to educate a broad audience on MOUD, provide cutting‐edge information on the opioid epidemic, and exhibit your commitment to those individuals with a diagnosed opioid use disorder.” To submit a proposal, go to https://www.abstractscorecard.com/cfp/submit/login.asp?EventKey=JBRDKQEE
Nonlinearity and Domain Switching in a 3D‐Printed Architected Ferroelectric
Authors: Pramanick Abhijit , Babori Chaimae , Albertini Frédéric , Gjørup Frederik Holm , Oudot Aurore Brézard , Kumar Ashutosh , Jørgensen Mads Ry Vogel , Daniel Laurent
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in 3D printing have enabled fabrication of architected functional ceramics with tunable functionalities at reduced weight and cost. An essential cornerstone of materials design is to determine structure–property relations. For polycrystalline ferroelectrics, such relationships can be complex due to several microscopic mechanisms, such as lattice strains and/or domain switching, which show nonlinear dependence on external stimuli and are furthermore dependent on grain orientations. For architected materials, these microscopic mechanisms can also be spatially nonuniform. Herein, the development of appropriate methodology is entailed to correlate functional properties of architected ferroelectrics with spatial‐ and orientation‐resolved microscopic mechanisms. Herein, using in situ orientation‐resolved X‐ray microdiffraction, it is shown that nonlinear polarization and strain responses in a 3D‐printed architected ferroelectric are driven by localized progression of non‐180° domain switching, which depends not only on the internal distribution of electric‐field lines but also on the evolving long‐range stress fields resulting from inhomogeneous domain‐switching transformation strains. In this current study, it is indicated that nonlinear behavior in architected ferroelectrics can be effectively tuned by appropriate design of sample geometry, which controls the internal electric‐field distribution in the material.
Designing and Fabrication of a Biomimetic Soft Gripper Utilizing Phase Transition 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Cui Hongchao , Zhou Heng , Xu Haitian , Deng Chengyao , Sun Xudong , Lu Jingjing , Cheng YiHang , Xu Jiahao , Zhenkun Li
Published: February 2025

The reversible phase‐change 3D printing technology offers significant advantages in creating magnetic biomimetic soft fixtures. A novel magnetic biomimetic soft gripper is developed using magnetic thixotropic fluid, known for its complex rheological properties. The gripper consists of a modified silicone shell and a magnetic fluid actuator, fabricated using a dual‐channel 3D printing platform and a magnetic field module. Various shapes were modeled and simulated, with cylindrical designs proving easy to produce and highly deformable. Refined printing parameters, based on rheological data, enhanced precision and performance. The gripper's variable stiffness, controlled by magnetic field strength, successfully grips POM balls of different sizes, demonstrating its potential in flexible precision clamping, aerospace, and low‐friction transmission.
Hybrid Framework Materials: Next‐Generation Engineering Materials
Authors: McCarron Jay , Turner Bethan , McHugh Lauren N.
Published: February 2025

Hybrid organic–inorganic materials represent a fascinating class of compounds that combine the unique properties of both organic compounds and inorganic materials. This review provides an overview of two classes of hybrid materials: metal–organic frameworks and hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, with their structures, applications, and responses to external stimuli discussed. These hybrids leverage the versatility of organic molecules, for example, flexibility and functionality, alongside the robustness and stability of inorganic components through coordination between components. By tailoring both composition and structure, researchers have been able to create multifunctional systems that exhibit enhanced performance, such as improved mechanical strength, and thermal stability, leading to innovative applications across various fields, including optoelectronics, gas storage/separation, and catalysis. The emerging field of hybrid glasses is also discussed as it represents a novel frontier in the design of hybrid materials, combining the nature of glasses with the functional properties of hybrid materials. With several key areas of active research discussed, the future of hybrid framework materials and the obstacles that must be overcome, for example, synthesis at scale and stability at ambient conditions, to see their widespread applications in the modern world, is speculated.
Design for Additive Manufacturing Driven Multi‐Layered Hybrid Mechanical Metamaterials for Improved Mechanical Performance
Authors: Khan Mehmood , Haq Muhammad Rizwan ul , Khan Muhammad Salman , Butt Shahid Ikramullah , Nazir Aamer , Jan Asadullah
Published: February 2025

In this study, hybrid lattice structures are created, combining truss‐based and sheet‐based triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)‐based structures. Body‐centered cubic (BCC), octet, and diamond‐TPMS lattice structures are hybridized utilizing multi‐layer staking or longitudinal hybridization approach. Two types of hybrid lattice structures with varying strut thicknesses and unit‐cell counts per layer are examined along with the homogenous lattice structures. The hybrid structures are additively manufactured using fused deposition modeling (FDM) process for conducting uniaxial compression tests to evaluate the mechanical properties of the hybrid structures in terms of load‐bearing capacity, specific energy absorption (SEA), deformation, and collapse behavior. The investigation reveals that the homogenous lattice structures failed due to shear band formation, severely affecting their mechanical performance. Whereas the hybrid structures with one‐unit cells per layer (HS7–HS12) deformed in a strictly layer‐wise deformation pattern, corresponding to the stiffness of the unit cells. while those with one‐unit cells per layer (HS1–HS6), display crushing behavior of each lattice structure simultaneously. HS7 demonstrats the highest SEA value of 12.7 kJ kg−1, surpassing homogeneous diamond by 32% and homogenous BCC by 690%. The results establishes that the layer‐staking pattern hybridization technique can effectively engineer progressive phase‐wise mechanical response.
An Implantable Biohybrid Neural Interface Toward Synaptic Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Sifringer Léo , Fratzl Alex , Clément Blandine F. , Chansoria Parth , Mönkemöller Leah S. , Duru Jens , Ihle Stephan J. , Steffens Simon , Beltraminelli Anna , Ceylan Eylul , Hengsteler Julian , Maurer Benedikt , Weaver Sean M. , Tringides Christina M. , Vulić Katarina , Madduri Srinivas , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy , Roska Botond , Vörös János , Ruff Tobias
Published: February 2025

In patients with sensory nerve loss, such as those experiencing optic nerve damage that leads to vision loss, the thalamus no longer receives the corresponding sensory input. To restore functional sensory input, it is necessary to bypass the damaged circuits, which can be achieved by directly stimulating the appropriate sensory thalamic nuclei. However, available deep brain stimulation electrodes do not provide the resolution required for effective sensory restoration. Therefore, this work develops an implantable biohybrid neural interface aimed at innervating and synaptically stimulating deep brain targets. The interface combines a stretchable stimulation array with an aligned microfluidic axon guidance system seeded with neural spheroids to facilitate the development of a 3 mm long nerve‐like structure. A bioresorbable hydrogel nerve conduit is used as a bridge between the tissue and the biohybrid implant. Stimulation of the spheroids within the biohybrid structure in vitro and use of high‐density CMOS microelectrode arrays show faithful activity conduction across the device. Although functional in vivo innervation and synapse formation has not yet been achieved in this study, implantation of the biohybrid nerve onto the mouse cortex shows that neural spheroids grow axons in vivo and remain functionally active for more than 22 days post‐implantation.
2D Perovskite/Organic Heterojunction Black‐Light Level Photodetector with Record‐High Detectivity
Authors: Xi Yuying , Li Guohui , Jiao Jinyang , Ji Ting , Hao Yuying , Cui Yanxia
Published: February 2025

2D single‐crystal perovskites have attracted interest due to their excellent photoelectric properties and improved moisture stability, making them promising for various optoelectronic applications. However, challenges remain, particularly low carrier collection efficiency caused by high exciton binding energy. This study introduces self‐powered heterojunction photodetectors (PDs) based on (PEA)2PbI4/ZnPc, enhancing carrier conduction by the configuration of lateral electrodes and regulating carrier/exciton dynamics via the heterojunction design. The PD achieves an impressive detectivity of 1.14 × 1016 Jones, a 770% increase compared to the control, with a detection limit reaching the black‐light level of 3 pW cm−2 under 532 nm at 1 V bias. This performance surpasses all previously reported 2D perovskite PDs and is attributed to suppressed dark current and increased photocurrent. The built‐in electric field at the heterojunction counteracts part of the forward bias, reducing intrinsic carrier motion in (PEA)2PbI4 in the dark. It also effectively dissociates photogenerated excitons, minimizing radiative recombination under illumination. This allows the device to detect weak light at the black‐light level in self‐driven mode. Additionally, the heterojunction device extends the detectable wavelength to 980 nm. This PD has been successfully applied in acousto‐optic conversion communication, highlighting its potential for low‐power, energy‐efficient optical communication solutions.
A Hierarchically Designed Janus Polymer Electrolyte for High‐Performance Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Liting , Jo Seunghwan , Shin Ki Hoon , Kim Eunmin , Lee Keon Beom , Cui Ruhao , Kim Min‐Cheol , Hong John , Sohn Jung Inn
Published: February 2025

Practical implementations of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) in solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (SSLMBs) are inhibited by the limited lithium‐ion (Li+) transport and poor‐quality interface between SPEs and both electrodes. SPEs exhibit lower ionic conductivity than other electrolytes and are oxidized and decomposed by oxide‐based cathode materials in high‐voltage windows. SSLMBs are also long‐term destabilized by parasitic side reactions at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces and Li dendrite formations. This study proposes a selectively designed Janus‐structured polymer electrolyte (JPE), which is more physically and chemically compatible with the electrodes than other SPEs. The proposed JPE includes a cathode‐facing composite polymer electrolyte (C‐CPE) containing succinonitrile and Li7La3Zr2O12, and an anode‐facing composite polymer electrolyte (A‐CPE) incorporating fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The C‐CPE layer provides additional Li+ paths and increases the antioxidant properties, improving the high‐voltage tolerance of the SSLMB, while the A‐CPE layer alleviates side reactions with the Li metal anode and improves the stability against protruding dendrites. Full cells of Li|JPE|Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 and Li|JPE|LiCoO2 remain stable over 1600 cycles at 1 C, demonstrating the potential of the JPE structures for SSLMBs. Moreover, symmetric Li||Li cells assembled with the JPE cycle over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 and 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2.
Lattice Regulation Boosts Working Voltage and Energy Density of Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2 Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Lin , Xiang Shuang , Wang Miaomiao , Sun Dan , Zhang Xianbi , Fu Liang , Huang Xiaobing , Tang Yougen , Zhang Qi , Wang Haiyan
Published: February 2025

Pyrophosphate Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2 (NFPO) has triggered widespread attention due to its high safety and robust framework. However, it suffers from low energy density due to the limited specific capacity and partial low voltage plateau (≈2.5 V vs Na+/Na). Regulating such low voltage plateau can be a promising way to increase the energy density of NFPO. As revealed by the systematic characterizations and theoretical calculations, the low‐voltage plateau results from the Fe1 site (corner‐sharing mode) redox reaction accompanied by Na4 insertion/extraction process. Accordingly, in this work, a precise Ti3+ doping strategy is proposed to selectively occupy the Fe1 site based on the energy effect, thus boosting the energy density from 277.5 to 307.7 Wh kg−1 due to the improved reversible capacity (109.8 mAh g−1) and regulated voltage plateau. Reversible structural evolution with very tiny volume variation (3%) due to the strengthened local environment (Ti─O bonds) promises outstanding cycling durability (90.3% capacity retention over 4000 cycles). Moreover, fast reaction kinetics and low diffusion energy barriers achieved by introducing Ti3+ contribute to the excellent rate capability. This lattice regulation strategy enables NFPO cathode with superior performance and can provide deep guidelines for designing advanced polyanion cathodes.
Shape‐Stabilization of Phase Change Materials with Carbon‐Conscious Poly(hydroxy)Urethane Foams
Authors: Lee Minjung , Dahlhauser Samuel D. , Lucci Chloe , Donohoe Bryon S. , Allen Robert D. , Rorrer Nicholas A.
Published: February 2025

Thermal energy regulation is a significant challenge, contributing to over 30% of annual greenhouse gas emission (GHG) emissions. Phase change materials (PCMs) offer a promising solution by storing thermal energy, which can enable the reuse of waste heat for heating and cooling; however, developing materials for shape‐stabilized PCMs remains crucial. This work investigates a self‐foaming poly(hydroxy)urethane (PHU), derived from a non‐isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU), as a porous support for shape‐stabilizing paraffinic and salt hydrate PCMs. PHU‐encapsulated paraffinic PCMs exhibited excellent thermal stability over repeated cycles. Thermal stability with salt hydrate PCMs, specifically calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2•6H2O), is achieved by the incorporation of 5 wt.% barium carbonate (BaCO3) into the PHU foam. This enabled stable cycling for over 48 cycles with desirable thermal properties, i.e., a melting point ≈30 °C, high enthalpy (ca. 138 J g−1 per cycle), and a consistent freezing point ≈20 °C, making it suitable for applications in buildings and electric vehicle battery insulation. Also, incorporating graphite (1.5–10 wt.%) into the foam enhanced the thermal conductivity of shape‐stabilized CaCl2•6H2O during heating and cooling cycles. Overall, the approach detailed here offers a carbon‐conscious and chemically tunable material for thermal energy storage.
Wearable Solar Ionic Thermoelectric Detectors for Human Motion Monitoring and Language Recognition Conversion
Authors: Xue Yang‐Biao , Jiang Hai‐Tao , Luo Peng , Liu Hai‐Juan , Yang Yu‐Hang , Xue Qian‐Kun , Wu Bin , Zhang Guo‐Liang , Zheng Mi , Zheng Min , Wang Zuo‐Shan , Zhuo Ming‐Peng
Published: February 2025

Flexible self‐powered sensors with the significant ability to the information perception, decoding, and conveying processes have attracted tremendous attention in healthcare monitoring, motion detection, and intelligent interaction. Also, the solar thermoelectric technology holding the effective solar energy/heat harvesting capacity for sustainable electricity generation shows attractive prospects in self‐powered wearable sensing but is terribly limited by its poor flexibility and complex construction. Herein, a solar thermoelectric system, prepared via facilely sandwiching the self‐assemble MoS2/Carbon hollow nanoflower‐based fabrics with [Fe(CN)6]3‐/4− thermoelectric gels, is successfully applied for the self‐powered wearable sensing. Owing to the hollow‐heterostructure for the strong light absorption, MoS2/Carbon hollow nanoflower‐based fabrics demonstrated a photothermal conversion efficiency of 39.6%. The strong heat concentration can supply a considered temperature gradient of 42.7 K for thermoelectric gels with a Seebeck coefficient of 1.08 mV K−1 under a solar intensity of 1 sun, outputting a voltage density of 101.2 V m−2 with a response of 431 ms. Their promising application in self‐powered wearable fields, such as noncontact motion monitoring and language interaction is foreseen.
Suppressing Nonradiative Recombination in Pure Red Perovskites Toward Efficient Hybrid Perovskite/Organic Tandem White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhu Min , Wu Zhuxia , Shi Tingting , Sun Shuang‐Qiao , Kuang Ziming , Sun Qi , Xie Yue‐Min , Lee Shuit‐Tong , Fung Man‐Keung
Published: February 2025

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have recently attracted great interest for their superior electroluminescent properties. However, the development of pure red (620–660 nm) PeLEDs as an essential component for display applications continues to be hampered by severe nonradiative recombination. Particularly, the solution fabrication process of perovskites poses a challenge in the fabrication of white PeLEDs, which further hinders their commercialization. Herein, a novel design is reported of high‐efficiency hybrid perovskite/organic tandem white light‐emitting diodes (POTWLEDs) by integrating bottom pure red (640 nm) PeLED units with top blue OLED units. To optimize device performance, 5‐Bromo‐2‐fluoropyridine (PD) is introduced, featuring strong electronegative groups of C─N and C─F, as a pyridine passivator into pure red PeLEDs to inhibit nonradiative recombination in the perovskites by passivating defects and improving phase purity of perovskite films, which promotes a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.4%. By integrating the optimized red PeLED units with blue OLED units, efficient POTWLEDs are obtained with high EQE values of 25.9 and 23.7% with CIE coordinates of (0.279 and 0.339) and (0.310 and 0.330), respectively. These values represent the highest efficiencies reported for perovskite‐based white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs), illustrating the great potential for solid‐state lighting and display applications.
Ge‐Doped CZTSe Solar Cell Efficiency Beyond 14% by Suppressing Recombination
Authors: Tao Shengye , Wang Hanpeng , Jia Mengyao , Han Junsu , Wu Zhihao , Zhou Jihui , Baranova Maria , Zhu Hongwei , Zhao Ming , Zhuang Daming
Published: February 2025

Recombination is one of the main factors that cause the large open‐circuit voltage deficit (Voc, def) in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. To mitigate this issue, an effective strategy is developed to suppress the recombinations in CZTSe devices by doping Ge in the absorber. A certified efficiency of 14.67%(total area: 0.3143 cm2, without an anti‐reflective layer) was achieved in optimally Ge‐doped CZTSe solar cells. In addition to promoting the grain growth, Ge doping induces more pronounced downward band‐bending, effectively passivating GBs and suppressing recombination in the quasi neutral region (QNR). While optimal Ge doping reduces the number of CuZn defects, excessive Ge doping leads to additional Sn loss, resulting in the formation of deep‐level defects such as VSn. Furthermore, the incorporation of Ge resulted in the formation of residual SnSex secondary phases near the rear interface, highlighting the need for precise cation ratio adjustments in the precursor films. This work reveals the mechanism underlying Ge doping, demonstrating it potential to mitigate the high recombination velocity at GBs, providing a pathway for achieving high‐efficiency CZTSe solar cells.
Synergistic Photoluminescence Enhancement in Nonaromatic Amino Acids and Sugars via Glycosylation
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zhao Zihao , Yang Guangxin , Li Anze , Cui Yijing , Cai Yusong , Yin Zhuojie , Tan Yuntian , Zhou Chenyang , Peng Qian , Yuan Wang Zhang
Published: February 2025

Nonaromatic amino acids with intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) have drawn growing attention due to their crucial role in the luminescence of natural proteins. However, the weak luminescence significantly constrains the study of specific photophysical processes, emission mechanism of biomolecules, and their applications. Here, a serendipitous finding of synergistic PL enhancement by coupling nonaromatic amino acids and sugars via glycosidic bonds is reported. For example, the crystals of glucose, L‐serine, alongside their corresponding disaccharide and dipeptide are weakly emissive, while glycosylation drastically boosts the quantum yields of L‐serine crystals from 0.3% to as high as 9.2%, accompanied by the emergence of pronounced persistent room temperature phosphorescence (p‐RTP). This synergistic PL enhancement arises from the ingenious integration of the electron‐rich oxygen clusters present in sugar with the charge separation characteristics of amino acids. Furthermore, the ultrafast femtosecond to nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations further reveal the importance of hybridization of locally excited and charge transfer states for PL enhancement and p‐RTP features. These results not only provide a universal strategy for constructing efficient nonconventional luminophores but also shed new light on the underlying mechanism of biological autofluorescence.
Tunable and Responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Self‐Organized Cellulose Nanocrystal Chiral Superstructures Loaded with AIE Luminogen
Authors: Yuan Baohua , Qin Jing , He Longxiang , Zhang Zuowei , Feng Yue , Lv Liezheng , Wang Xiao , Zou Cheng , Yu Meina , Chen Yuanwei , Gao Yanzi , Yang Huai
Published: February 2025

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) holds great potential for next‐generation display techniques. However, dynamic, multicolor CPL with high luminescent quantum yield (PLQY) and tunable dissymmetry factor (glum) based on cost‐effective, sustainable materials is scarcely attainable. Herein, a straightforward approach is proposed for engineering cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) chiral superstructures loaded with aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) through the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly of renewable CNCs and tetra‐(4‐pyridylphenyl)ethylene molecules. The judicious design of two building blocks as chiral donor–acceptor pairs not only respectively achieves an 86‐fold and 2.1‐fold improvement in the PLQY of resulting systems in the suspension and aggregate states in comparison with bare AIEgens, but also endows AIEgen‐loaded CNC chiral superstructures with pH‐tunable, humidity‐responsive, multicolor CPL with a maximal |glum| of 0.89. It is revealed that chiral induction and photonic bandgap effects—which are dominated by chiral donor–acceptor interactions and homogeneous or heterogeneous self‐assembly processes—are involved in CPL mechanisms. Finally, humidity‐responsive multiple changes (structural color, fluorescent color, CPL) are realized in both biobased inks and films, which is of paramount importance for potential applications in multicolor dynamic display and information encryption. This work offers the underlying insights for the construction of cost‐effective, renewable superstructures with dynamically tunable CPL.
Role of Small Organic Molecules in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes: Applications, Mechanisms and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Feihu , Guo Runda , Zeng Haibo , Wang Lei
Published: February 2025

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has emerged as one of the most promising technologies for the next generation of lighting and high‐definition display applications due to their exceptional color purity, tunable color emission, and low material costs. In the past eleven years, PeLEDs have made remarkable progress as researchers have come up with many innovative approaches. Among them, additive engineering based on small organic molecules (SOMs) has been demonstrated as one of the most effective strategies to enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and stability of PeLEDs. Notably, the champion EQEs for red, green, and blue devices cannot be realized without the participation of SOMs. Here, this paper first reviews the development of PeLEDs, followed by a focused discussion on the specific application and mechanism of SOMs in PeLEDs. Lastly, it analyzes the challenges and provides an outlook on their future development.
Enhancement of Stability and Durability in Nanocrystal Memristors with Surface Defect Control for Image Encryption and Storage
Authors: Pan Jianyong , Hu Jingyang , Dong Xinning , Wang Yuhui , Zhang Xiaoyu , McLachlan Martyn A. , Wang Zhongrui , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhang Lijun
Published: February 2025

Memristors based on perovskite materials demonstrate significant potential for applications in information encryption and storage. However, the stability and durability of their device structures remain major challenges for commercial deployment. In this study, Mn:CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals capped with short‐chain ligands are synthesized at a controlled ratio using an in situ ligand passivation strategy. Compared with long‐chain ligands, short‐chain ligands possess higher surface adsorption energy, which enhances nanocrystal size uniformity and enables more effective attachment to the perovskite surface at adsorption sites. This process mitigates surface defects in the nanocrystals, thereby decreasing the randomness in conductive filaments formation and enhancing device stability. Furthermore, short‐chain ligand capping improves the contact at the material‐electrode interface correspondingly reducing leakage current. The fabricated short‐chain Al/Mn:CsPbCl3/FTO memristor exhibits good reconfigurable storage behavior. By adjusting the compliance current, a transition from non‐volatile to volatile storage modes is successfully achieved. Leveraging the device's electrical characteristics, binary image encryption, and storage functions are realized. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of surface defects on the operational stability of nanocrystal memristors and provides a foundation for the application of perovskite memristors in information encryption and secure transmission.
Co‐Delivery of Multiple Toll‐Like Receptor Agonists and Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin on Protein Nanoparticles Enhances Vaccine Immunogenicity and Efficacy
Authors: Ramirez Aaron , Hernandez‐Davies Jenny E. , Jain Aarti , Wang Lu , Strahsburger Erwin , Davies D. Huw , Wang Szu‐Wen
Published: February 2025

Most seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines are derived from inactivated or attenuated virus propagated in chicken eggs, while more advanced delivery technologies, such as the use of recombinant proteins and adjuvants, are under‐utilized. In this study, the E2 protein nanoparticle (NP) platform is engineered to synthesize vaccines that simultaneously co‐deliver influenza hemagglutinin (H5) antigen, TLR5 agonist flagellin (FliCc), and TLR9 agonist CpG 1826 (CpG) all on one particle (termed H5‐FliCc‐CpG‐E2), with uniform molecular orientation significant for immunomodulation. Antigen‐bound NP formulations elicit higher IgG antibody responses and broader homosubtypic cross‐reactivity against different H5 variants than unconjugated antigen alone. IgG1/IgG2c skewing is modulated by adjuvant type and NP attachment. Conjugation of flagellin to the NP causes significant IgG1 (Th2) skewing while attachment of CpG yields significant IgG2c (Th1) skewing, and simultaneous conjugation of both flagellin and CpG results in a balanced IgG1/IgG2c (Th2/Th1) response. Animals immunized with E2‐based NP vaccines and subsequently challenged with H5N1 influenza show 100% survival, and only animals that receive adjuvanted NP formulations are also protected against morbidity. This investigation highlights that NP‐based delivery of antigen and multiple adjuvants can be designed to effectively modulate the strength, breadth toward variants, and bias of an immune response against influenza viruses.