bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Settling dynamics of circular particles in vibrating tanks filled with a yield-stress liquid
Authors: Pourjafar-Chelikdani M. , Taghilou B. , Rezaee T. , Khabazi N. P. , Taghavi S. M. , Sadeghy K.
Published: May 2023

The effect of sinusoidal vibration is numerically investigated on the settling dynamics of a heavy particle of circular shape immersed in a viscoplastic fluid obeying the regularized Bingham–Papanastasiou (BP) model. Having modeled the solid particle as a highly viscous Newtonian droplet, we have relied on the finite element method for solving the equations of motion for the particle and the surrounding fluid. Our numerical results could closely recover the theoretical critical Bingham number of 0.0658 for circular particles settling in Bingham materials. Using a very small threshold velocity to decide whether a particle is stuck or unstuck, it is shown that stuck particles can be excited to fall in the BP liquid provided that, for any given frequency, the amplitude is larger than a minimum value. An increase in the size of the particle or its density is predicted to reduce the threshold amplitude. In general, vibration is found to have an accelerating effect on particle settling in the BP liquid although the effect is non-monotonic. The accelerative effect of vibration is attributed to the enlarged size of the yielded zone, while the non-monotonic behavior is attributed to the effect of the sidewalls. At high density ratios, a phase lag is predicted to arise between the particle and the vessel. A comparison between the obtained numerical results with published experimental data for spherical particles suggests that, in settling flows, circular particles can be used as a good paradigm for spherical particles.
Influence of indium doping on electrical performance of gallium oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Ji Liwei , Chen Xue , Su Xi , Wan Jiaxian , Tu Zexin , Wu Hao , Liu Chang
Published: May 2023

In the field of oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs), the occurrence of charge trapping in the gate dielectric and interfaces presents significant challenges to their operational stability and reliability. In this study, we present high-performing amorphous Ga2O3 TFTs created using atomic layer deposition with varying indium doping concentrations. The channel length (Lch) and channel width (Wch) are 50 and 200 μm, respectively. As the Indium concentration increases from 0% to 60%, the charge trap density (Nit) decreases, resulting in a smaller hysteresis window. The TFTs with a doping concentration of 20% are particularly noteworthy, exhibiting high field-effect mobility (22.6 cm2 V−1 s−1), lower subthreshold swing (160 mV/dec) than amorphous Ga2O3 channel devices, a high on-off current ratio (109), an appropriate threshold voltage (−1 V), and a substantial output current (26 mA/mm at VGS = 16 V).
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary care delivery in a remote Aboriginal community
Authors: Hamilton Yasuchiyo , Cairns Alice , Jones Rhondda
Published: May 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted the delivery of primary health care internationally, particularly for the most marginalised groups. This project investigated the impact of the initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the delivery of primary health care in a remote First Nations community in Far North Queensland with a high chronic disease burden. There were no confirmed cases of COVID-19 circulating in the community at the time of the study. A comparison was conducted of patient numbers presenting to a local primary healthcare centre (PHCC) in the periods before, during and after the initial peak of Australian COVID-19 restrictions in 2020, compared to the same period in 2019. A significant proportional decrease was observed in the number of patients that presented from the target community during the initial restrictions. A sub-analysis of preventative services delivered to a defined high-risk group found that services delivered did not decrease to this particular group during the periods of interest. This study has highlighted that there is a risk of underutilisation of primary healthcare services during a health pandemic in remote settings. Strengthening the primary care system to adequately provide ongoing services during natural disasters requires further consideration to reduce the risk of long-term impacts of service disengagement.
Multiple Magnetic Phase Transitions and Critical Behavior in Single-Crystal SmMn2Ge2
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yan , Lin Jun-Fa , Zeng Xiang-Yu , Wang Huan , Ma Xiao-Ping , Wang Yi-Ting , Han Kun , Xia Tian-Long
Published: May 2023

Magnetic materials with noncollinear spin configurations have engendered significant interest in condensed matter physics due to their intriguing physical properties. We direct our attention towards the magnetic properties and critical behavior of single-crystal SmMn2Ge2, an itinerant magnet with numerous temperature-dependent magnetic phase transitions. Notably, SmMn2Ge2 displays significant magnetic anisotropy with easy magnetization direction switching from the c axis to the ab plane as temperature decreases. The critical behavior of the ferromagnetic transition occurring above room temperature is thoroughly examined. Reliable and self-consistent critical exponents, including β = 0.292(2), γ = 0.924(8), and δ = 4.164(6), along with the Curie temperature T
c = 347 K, are extracted through various methods, which provide evidence for the coexistence of multiple magnetic interactions in SmMn2Ge2. Further analysis reveals that the magnetic interaction of SmMn2Ge2 is a long-range type with the interaction distance decaying as J(r) ∼ r
−4.35.
Electroweak Axion in Light of GRB221009A
Authors: Lin Weikang , Yanagida Tsutomu T.
Published: May 2023

Very high energy (VHE) photons may have a higher survival rate than that expected in standard-model physics, as suggested by the recently reported gamma ray burst GRB221009A. While a photon-axion like particle (ALP) oscillation can boost the survival rate of the VHE photons, current works have not been based on concrete particle models, leaving the identity of the corresponding ALP unclear. Here, we show that the required ALP scenario is consistent with the electroweak axion with an anomaly free Z
10 Froggatt–Nielsen symmetry.
Hierarchical off-diagonal low-rank approximation of Hessians in inverse problems, with application to ice sheet model initialization
Authors: Hartland Tucker , Stadler Georg , Perego Mauro , Liegeois Kim , Petra Noémi
Published: May 2023

Obtaining lightweight and accurate approximations of discretized objective functional Hessians in inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) is essential to make both deterministic and Bayesian statistical large-scale inverse problems computationally tractable. The cubic computational complexity of dense linear algebraic tasks, such as Cholesky factorization, that provide a means to sample Gaussian distributions and determine solutions of Newton linear systems is a computational bottleneck at large-scale. These tasks can be reduced to log-linear complexity by utilizing hierarchical off-diagonal low-rank (HODLR) matrix approximations. In this work, we show that a class of Hessians that arise from inverse problems governed by PDEs are well approximated by the HODLR matrix format. In particular, we study inverse problems governed by PDEs that model the instantaneous viscous flow of ice sheets. In these problems, we seek a spatially distributed basal sliding parameter field such that the flow predicted by the ice sheet model is consistent with ice sheet surface velocity observations. We demonstrate the use of HODLR Hessian approximation to efficiently sample the Laplace approximation of the posterior distribution with covariance further approximated by HODLR matrix compression. Computational studies are performed which illustrate ice sheet problem regimes for which the Gauss–Newton data-misfit Hessian is more efficiently approximated by the HODLR matrix format than the low-rank (LR) format. We then demonstrate that HODLR approximations can be favorable, when compared to global LR approximations, for large-scale problems by studying the data-misfit Hessian associated with inverse problems governed by the first-order Stokes flow model on the Humboldt glacier and Greenland ice sheet.
Rotational (de-)excitation of protonated tricarbon monosulfide HC3S+ by collision with helium atoms
Authors: Naouai Manel , Jrad Abdelhak
Published: May 2023

A new two-dimensional potential energy surface of the interaction between HC3S+ molecule and helium atom is mapped using an explicitly correlated coupled cluster approach with a single, double and perturbative triple excitation-F12a approach with an augmented-correlation-consistent polarized valence triple-zeta Gaussian basis set. The deepest potential well is identified at θ = 95∘ and R = 6.0 bohr with a depth of 100.67 cm−1. Cross-sections are determined for total energy up to 300 cm−1 using a coupled states method. Thermal rate coefficients are derived from the determined cross-sections for temperatures ranging between 3 K and 50 K. A clear predominance of

|

Δ
j

|

 = 2 processes is observed.
Synergism in SF6 mixtures with C=C−C backbone compounds
Authors: Egüz E A , Pachin J , Vemulapalli H , Franck C M
Published: May 2023

A positive synergy in the electric strength was observed in a previous study in SF6/HFO1234ze(E) mixtures which was shown to result from a strong electron energy moderation capability of HFO1234ze(E) combined with thermal electron attachment of SF6 (Egüz et al 2022 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
55 315203). In the present work, the electron energy moderation properties of compounds with a similar C=C−C backbone are investigated. Swarm and breakdown measurements are performed in pure gases and in mixtures with SF6. Compounds with a trifluoromethyl group (−CF3) showed lower characteristic energy and as a consequence a positive synergism with SF6. Descriptors related to electron energy moderation are identified and computed; a clear trend is found from the analysis of descriptors related to inelastic processes which suggest(s) that vibrational excitations may be the main source of electron energy loss in the compounds showing positive synergy.
Study on the exciton dynamic processes of exciplex host–guest system by transient magnetic field effects
Authors: Chen Yiwen , Chen Liangjian , Xiao Shu , Qiao Xianfeng , Ma Dongge
Published: May 2023

Utilizing exciplex as the host and fluorescence emitter with dopant materials has been proved successfully to fabricate highly-efficient organic light-emitting diodes. Exciton evolution and energy transfer in this exciplex host–guest system are complex. Gaining insight into the electroluminescence (EL) mechanisms in exciplex-based devices is key for further optimizing device configuration. Here, we have investigated exciton dynamics in devices with exciplex as host and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidin-4-yl-vinyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) as red fluorescence emitter. Two exciplexes, 2,6-bis(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)pyridine (26DCzPPY) doped 2,4,6-tris[3-(triphenylphosphine)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine (POT2T), and 4,4′,4″-tris[3-methylphenyl(phenyl)amino]-triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) doped tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III) (Alq3), with different band energy are utilized as host materials. Combining the measurements of transient EL, transient photoluminescence and magnetic field effect (MFE), it is concluded that Dexter energy transfer, together with Förster resonance energy transfer, are confirmed in the pure fluorescence doped system. Meanwhile, it is found that DCJTB works with the hot excitons mechanism but not a traditional red fluorescence emitter as recognized previously. This work presents that the transient MFE is powerful for detecting excitonic dynamic processes in excipelx based host–guest EL systems.
Flavored leptogenesis and Dirac CP violation
Authors: Mukherjee Ananya , Narendra Nimmala
Published: May 2023

In this work, we pay special attention to establish the crucial role of the Casas-Ibarra parameterization in the presence of two different orthogonal matrices, R = O eiA
and R = O e
A
in order to investigate the role of Dirac CP violation in flavored leptogenesis. By considering these two choices of the R matrix we examine the connection between the low-energy and high-energy CP violations together with certain interesting predictions on the low-energy parameters, namely, the lightest neutrino mass and the Dirac CP phase (δ). By considering the right-handed neutrino (RHN) mass window to be 108 GeV, we show that Dirac-phase leptogenesis is possible with the choices of these two orthogonal matrices. The above forms of R matrices allow us to choose a nearly degenerate spectrum for the RHN masses. The complex R matrix predicts a maximal Dirac CP violation (δ = π/2) for leptogenesis, which can be verified by the ongoing and upcoming searches for a precise δ measurement at the neutrino factories. We also discuss the phenomenological implications of these two case studies within the context of lepton flavor violation (LFV) by considering the μ → e
γ decay process, in terms of an indirect probe of the R matrix parameter space. We report an upper bound on the lightest neutrino mass (m
1) of around 0.015 eV from the baryon asymmetry criteria for normal hierarchy of neutrino masses.
Signatures for shape coexistence and shape/phase transitions in even–even nuclei
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis , Martinou Andriana , Peroulis S K , Mertzimekis T J , Minkov N
Published: May 2023

Systematics of B(E2) transition rates connecting the first excited

0

2

+

state to the first excited

2

1

+

state of the ground state band in even–even nuclei indicates that shape coexistence of the ground state band and the first excited K = 0 band should be expected in nuclei lying within the stripes of nucleon numbers 7–8, 17–20, 34–40, 59–70, 96–112 predicted by the dual shell mechanism of the proxy-SU(3) model, avoiding their junctions, within which high deformation is expected. Systematics of the excitation energies of the

0

2

+

states in even–even nuclei show that shape coexistence due to proton-induced neutron particle-hole excitations is related to a first-order shape/phase transition from spherical to deformed shapes, while shape coexistence due to neutron-induced proton particle-hole excitations is observed along major proton shell closures.
Compound fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on the multipoint kurtosis spectrum and AO-MOMDEA
Authors: Wang Huibin , Yan Changfeng , Wang Zonggang , Liu Bo , Li Shengqiang , Wu Lixiao
Published: May 2023

In compound rolling bearing faults, different types of fault signals are coupled and cross-affected, which makes it difficult to separate and extract weak fault features, and making it easy to miss diagnoses or misdiagnose. Aiming at solving this problem, a compound fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on the multipoint kurtosis spectrum (MKS) and the aquila optimizer multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted (AO-MOMEDA) method is proposed. Variational modal decomposition is used to reduce the noise of the original vibration signal and improve the recognition of the MKS so as to predict the fault type and preset the search range of the initial period value. A new fault feature strength index with relative amplitude difference is proposed and, combined with the kurtosis of the envelope spectrum, a multi-objective optimization function is constructed. Through the excellent optimization characteristics of the aquila optimizer, the optimal initial period value and filter length are automatically obtained. The optimized MOMEDA method is used for optimal deconvolution of different types of fault signals. Envelope demodulation of the deconvolution signal is carried out to obtain the 1.5-dimensional spectrum of the envelope signal. The types of rolling bearing composite faults are identified according to the fault features in the 1.5-dimensional spectrum. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through measurements of the signals of rolling bearings with three different types of compound faults. The experimental results show that the proposed method can overcome the influence of strong fault signals and improve the accuracy of compound fault identification. Our results have application value in engineering practice.
Design of a line-of-sight fluorescence-based imaging diagnostic for classification of microbe species
Authors: Herzog Joshua M , Sick Volker
Published: May 2023

Fluorescence imaging of certain biochemicals, including flavins and pyridine nucleotides, has utility in characterizing the metabolic state of tissue and in discriminating between microbial species. There is significant clinical utility in this class of imaging techniques but most measurements reported to date require specialized training and equipment rendering most implementations unsuitable for routine medical imaging. Here, a low-cost and robust imaging technique is designed using ultraviolet-induced fluorescence of pyridine nucleotides (primarily NADH) and flavins (primarily FAD) in microbial samples. The diagnostic is optimized to distinguish between different microbial species based on previously reported spectral data using a ratiometric imaging approach. A detailed performance analysis is provided that relates the measured fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) to the relative concentration ratio of NADH to FAD using a simplified spectroscopic model. Analysis suggests the technique is sensitive to changes in the NADH/FAD concentration ratio over several orders of magnitude, with better than 10% FIR precision on a per-pixel basis for microbial smears as thin as 10 s of microns at a resolution of 30 mm−1 and exposures of 20 ms. Representative microbe samples from eight species were imaged to demonstrate the proposed technique. Results show that the FIR varies by an order of magnitude across different species but the intra-species variation is only ∼5% for the conditions used here. An additional imaging band may be necessary to classify species that contain red pigments or bacteriochlorophyll. Radiative trapping was discussed as a possible limitation of the technique, but no clear evidence for radiative trapping was observed here. Overall, the results suggest that the proposed approach is feasible for rapid, low-cost, and robust characterization of microbial samples.
Fastening solutions on composite structures: model and verifications of contact with friction, progressive composite damage, and ductile metal damage
Authors: Erbil Emre , Karakuzu Ramazan
Published: May 2023

In this study, the fundamental steps required for the mechanical analysis of bolted laminated composite structures were revealed. Advanced methods were developed in Fortran and Python to implement nonlinearity to the composite material model using MARC/MENTAT finite element software. Friction and damage parameters for HTA/6376 CFRP material are verified using experimental data sources in the literature. The critical Cockroft–Latham ductile damage parameter of AISI 304L sheet material with its anisotropic properties, which is required for the design of plastically deformable metal components in the composite joint, is computed. Good agreement was obtained between the friction and progressive damage of CFRP composite, ductile damage of AISI 304L, and the external experimental references.
Multi-physics simulation of mechano-electrochemical bidirectional coupling interaction of galvanic corrosion between Al alloy and 316L SS
Authors: Hou Yue , Wang Wei , Guo Zihao , Tian Yuan , Chen Shougang
Published: May 2023

Due to the limitations of experimental testing in material size and time scale, this work presents a mechano-electrochemical bidirectional coupling finite element method (FEM) simulation model on account of mechanistic and corrosion kinetics understanding in Al alloy-316L SS galvanic couple. The galvanic corrosion behavior and anodic dissolution deformation of the couple in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were analyzed. The effect of external load on galvanic corrosion initiation and propagation was investigated based on Gutman’s theory. The FEM model reveals that the galvanic corrosion is connected with the mechanical damage and the stress concentration coefficient, and highlights the crucial role of corrosion defect in the mechanical behavior of Al alloy. The results show that the external force aggravates the galvanic corrosion at the defects, deteriorating the protection of corrosion products. The thickness of the Al (OH)3 deposition layer reflects the electrochemical reactivity at different positions on the anode surface. The mechanical damage occurs initially at the corrosion defect and then extends to the middle of the anode. The stress concentration coefficient at the center of the anode gradually exceeds the position of the corrosion defect, resulting in mechanical failure at this position.
On the role of Gd3+ ions in enhancement of UV emission from Yb3+–Tm3+ up-converting LiYF4 nanocrystals
Authors: Misiak Małgorzata , Pavlosiuk Orest , Szalkowski Marcin , Kotulska Agata , Ledwa Karolina , Bednarkiewicz Artur
Published: May 2023

Materials capable of emitting ultraviolet (UV) radiation are sought for applications ranging from theranostics or photodynamic therapy to specific photocatalysis. The nanometer size of these materials, as well as excitation with near-infrared (NIR) light, is essential for many applications. Tetragonal tetrafluoride LiY(Gd)F4 nanocrystalline host for up-converting Tm3+–Yb3+ activator-sensitizer pair is a promising candidate to achieve UV–vis up-converted radiation under NIR excitation, important for numerous photo-chemical and bio-medical applications. Here, we provide insights into the structure, morphology, size and optical properties of up-converting LiYF4:25%Yb3+0.5%Tm3+ colloidal nanocrystals, where 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of Y3+ ions were substituted with Gd3+ ions. Low gadolinium dopant concentrations modify the size and up-conversion luminescence, while the Gd3+ doping that is exceeding the structure resistance limit of the tetragonal LiYF4 results in appearance of foreign phase and significant decrease of luminescence intensity. The intensity and kinetic behavior of Gd3+ up-converted UV emission are also analyzed for various gadolinium ions concentrations. The obtained results form a background for further optimized materials and applications based on LiYF4 nanocrystals.
Analyticity of the Lyapunov exponents of random products of quasi-periodic cocycles
Authors: Bezerra Jamerson , Sánchez Adriana , Tall El Hadji Yaya
Published: May 2023

We show that the top Lyapunov exponent

λ
+

(
p
)

,

p
=
(

p
1

,
…
,

p
N

)

with

p
i

>
0

for each i, associated with a random product of quasi-periodic cocycles depends real analytically on the transition probabilities p whenever

λ
+

(
p
)

is simple. Moreover if the spectrum at p is simple (all Lyapunov exponents having multiplicity one ) then all Lyapunov exponents depend real analytically on p.
ORBIT simulations of fast ion power loads on the wall of the Divertor Tokamak Test
Authors: Gobbin Marco , Spizzo Gianluca
Published: May 2023

Neutral beam injection in tokamaks produces a population of fast ions, which interact with 3D magnetic fields in a variety of ways, often resulting in energetic particle losses in very short times to the wall. Careful design of neutral beams and active control of error fields helps to keep these losses to a minimum. Nevertheless, past experience in tokamaks in the 1980s and detailed simulations for future machines, such as International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, suggest that very localized fast ion losses (‘hot spots’) can be present, even if the overall losses are low. In this paper, we discuss this issue in the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) project, and we show that in the standard single-null full-power scenario of the DTT, fast ions produce two hot spots, corresponding approximately to the beam injection and exit toroidal angles: the former being mainly due to prompt losses/passing particles, while the latter is due to trapped ions. However, the maximum power load in these spots is of the order∼63 kW m−2, below the tolerance of plasma-facing components of the machine.
Statistical analysis of similarity of plasma parameters profiles at quasi-stationary stage of discharge in JET tokamak
Authors: Kukushkin A B , Sdvizhenskii P A , Flanagan J , Kos D , Neverov V S , Szepesi G , Taylor D M A
Published: May 2023

A statistical analysis is carried out of the similarity of profiles of plasma parameters: electron temperature T
e, density n
e, and pressure P
e, at the stage of quasi-stationary plasma current (the so called flat-top stage) of about 9000 discharges in the JET tokamak, among the discharges from #84458 to #99419 that covers almost the entire database of successful discharges in the JET ITER-like wall machine. For all these parameters, the existence of universal profiles is shown as functions of the normalized minor radius of the plasma column ρ. The discharge universal profiles (DUPs) are obtained by dividing the space-time-dependent profile by its value at the center of the plasma column or by the space-averaged value of this parameter in the region ρ ⩽ ρ
max = 0.5–1, and subsequent averaging over time at the flat-top stage of each discharge. The machine universal profiles (MUPs) are obtained by averaging over time of flat-top stage of all discharges. It is shown that for 86% of the discharges, the time-averaged relative root-mean-square deviation of P
e profile from the DUP is less than 20% at ρ ⩽ 0.8, and for the MUP, it is less than 17%. A similar picture is observed for the profiles of T
e and n
e/√T
e. An auxiliary heating, P
aux ⩾ 1 MW or 10 MW, was present at, respectively, 44% and 21% of the total duration of the flat-top stage of discharges. It is shown that large, ∼100% in magnitude, jumps of T
e at ρ = 0, caused by the switch-on of auxiliary heating, can be described with a ∼20% accuracy by the jumps of the space-averaged temperature if the DUP is used to describe the stationary shape of the temperature spatial profile. The results obtained illustrate the degree of plasma self-organization in tokamaks.
Electric field in APTD in nitrogen determined by EFISH, FNS/SPS ratio, α-fitting and electrical equivalent circuit model
Authors: Mrkvičková Martina , Kuthanová Lucia , Bílek Petr , Obrusník Adam , Navrátil Zdeněk , Dvořák Pavel , Adamovich Igor , Šimek Milan , Hoder Tomáš
Published: May 2023

We investigate the electric field development in weak microseconds-lasting atmospheric pressure Townsend discharge operated in a barrier discharge arrangement in pure nitrogen. The electric field is determined using four different methods: laser-aided electric field induced second harmonics (EFISH), optical emission-based first negative/second positive systems (FNS/SPSs of molecular nitrogen) intensity ratio, electrical equivalent circuit approach and via determination of the Townsend first coefficient

α
(
E

/

N
)

from the spatial optical emission profile. The resulting values of the electric field obtained by these respective methods, regardless of the differences in absolute values, lie within a reasonable range. The limitations and advantages of all methods are discussed in detail for the investigated discharge. The EFISH measurements are supported by re-computation of the effective interaction-path of the laser using an electrostatic model. The FNS/SPS method provides systematically higher values compared to other methods. We discuss in detail the potential origin of this discrepancy, as this method is at the limit of its applicability due to the low E/N values and we also consider the impossibility of full verification of the underlying assumptions. The focused discussion addresses best-practice issues and identifies possible future steps to improve each of the four methods under given conditions.
Two instances of random access code in the quantum regime
Authors: Sakharwade Nitica , Studziński Michał , Eckstein Michał , Horodecki Paweł
Published: May 2023

We consider two classes of quantum generalisations of random access code (RAC) and study the bounds for probabilities of success for such tasks. It provides a useful framework for the study of certain information processing tasks with constrained resources. The first class is based on a RAC with quantum inputs and output known as the no-signalling quantum RAC (NS-QRAC) box (Grudka et al 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 052312), where unbounded entanglement and constrained classical communication are allowed. We show that it can be seen as quantum teleportation with constrained classical communication and provide a lower quantum bound for the success probability. We consider two modifications to the NS-QRAC scenario: the first, where unbounded entanglement and constrained quantum communication is allowed and the second, where bounded entanglement and unconstrained classical communication is allowed. We find a monogamy relation for the transmission fidelities, which—in contrast to the usual communication schemes—involves multiple senders and a single receiver. We provide an upper bounds for the latter and a lower one for the former. The second class is based on a RAC with a quantum channel and shared entanglement (Tavakoli et al 2021 PRX Quantum
2 040357). We study the set of tasks where two inputs made of two digits of d-base are encoded over a qudit and a maximally entangled state. We show that such tasks can be seen as quantum dense-coding with constrained quantum communication and explicit protocols, which give lower quantum bounds for the tasks’ efficiency, in dimensions

d
=
2
,
3
,
4

. The employed encoding utilises Gray codes.
Generation and manipulation of phonon lasering in a two-drive cavity magnomechanical system
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Yu , Cao Cong , Gao Yong-Pan , Fan Ling , Zhang Ru , Wang Chuan
Published: May 2023

A simple and feasible scheme for the generation and manipulation of phonon lasering is proposed and investigated based on a generic three-mode cavity magnomechanical system, in which a magnon mode couples simultaneously with a microwave cavity mode and a phonon mode. In sharp contrast to all previous phonon lasering schemes with only a single drive, the input pump field for the system in the proposed scheme is split into two microwave driving fields to drive the microwave cavity mode and the magnon mode, respectively. The impact of changing relative phase and relative amplitude ratio of the two microwave drives on mechanical gain, stimulated emitted phonon number, threshold power, and phonon emission line shape are theoretically and numerically investigated. The results indicate that the phonon laser action can be effectively controlled simply by adjusting the relative phase and relative amplitude ratio, so additional and tunable degrees of freedom are introduced to control the phonon laser. Considering the experimental feasibility of the generic cavity magnomechanical system and the two-drive approach, the present scheme provides a potentially practical route for the development of tunable phonon lasering devices with low-threshold, high-gain, and narrow-linewidth properties based on the platform of cavity magnomechanics.
Optimization of the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of sol-gel derived La3+ substituted nanostructured barium hexaferrites
Authors: Priya Om , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Bhushan Das Shashank , Kumar Vivek , Farozan Shama
Published: May 2023

The M-type barium hexaferrites have been considered an impeding material for their use as microwave absorbers and storage devices. In present investigation, the La3+ substituted M-type BaFe12−xLaxO19, (where x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) was prepared via a facile sol-gel process at 850 °C for 3 h. XRD confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of La3+ substituted BaFe12O19 belonging to P63/mmc space group with the crystallite size in the range of 23.08–39.59 nm, which decreased with the increase in La3+ content. The Rietveld refinements displayed better goodness of fit (χ
2), which was observed between 1.20–1.90 for proper peak fitting. The W-H plot indicated the decrease in lattice strain (0.21 × 10–3–2.14 × 10−3) with the increase in La3+ contents. The SEM imaging revealed the agglomerations and estimated the average grain size in the range of 0.42–3.69 μm. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the bands in the range of 432–622 cm−1, which represents stretching and bending vibrations of metal oxide bonds. The tetrahedral site exhibited a higher force constant and lower bond length than the octahedral site in M-type barium hexaferrite. The photoluminescence spectroscopy demonstrated that a prominent peak of La3+ substituted BaFe12O19 near 481 nm, which falls under the visible range with strong blue emission and indicates the radiative defects present in the crystal. At room temperature, the magnetic measurements indicate that the coercivity (Hc) increased, but the saturation magnetization (Ms) and the retentivity (Mr) decreased with the increase in La3+ substitutions. The anisotropy constant (K) and Bohr magnetron number (nB) were also evaluated between 0.932 × 106−1.109 × 106 erg cm−3 and 10.28–11.68 μB, respectively. Hence, the unique photoluminescence and magnetic properties may be responsible for its application in the electronic industry, telecommunication, microwave engineering and storage devices etc.
Collisional dynamics of a few atom quantum system with tunable interaction
Authors: Singh Neha , Barad Ruhanshi , Shweta  , Kamalkant  , Choudhary Aditya , Majumder Prosenjit , Santra Bodhaditya
Published: May 2023

The advent of single-atom trapping in optical tweezers and experimental evolution in control, isolation, and manipulation of cold atoms allows us to manifest the few-body physics and its connection with the many-body systems. In cold atom experiments, the universality of few-body physics is majorly governed by the scattering length which makes it an important parameter in determining theoretically calculated loss rates. Here, we numerically study the 3-body collisional dynamics for Cesium atoms using the atom loss model described by Born-Markov approximation. Using the Cs atoms provides us the freedom to vary the scattering length, a, as a function of the magnetic field through Feshbach resonances. We investigate the three-, two-, and one-particle processes in the repulsive interactions regime at different values for a. We find that the probability of one atom remaining in the trap is maximum at B = 26 G corresponding to a = 402.382a
0 and has the highest value amongst the probability of zero-, two-, and three-particle remaining in the trap at same magnetic field after the collision. Our findings leads to high fidelity single atom tweezers which have direct application in creating defect free arrays for quantum information processing purposes.
Diagonal canonical form of interval matrices and applications on dynamical systems
Authors: Surya S Hema , Nirmala T , Ganesan K
Published: May 2023

Finding the simplest form of a set of quantities is an important aspect of any branch of Mathematics. Of course, the simplest form or the canonical form as we often call it in mathematics, must possess all the important characteristics of the set of quantities. A real square matrix satisfying certain conditions can be brought to diagonal form which is its simplest form such that the diagonal form retains the eigenvalues, determinants, trace, rank, nullity,.. of the original matrix. Many computations with matrices become easier if one can diagonalize the matrices. In this article, we suggest an approach for diagonalizing interval matrices employing a novel methodology called the pairing technique, which will make it simpler and more effective to classify and investigate interval matrices. This is extremely useful because computations involving a diagonalizable matrix can often be reduced to much simpler computations involving the corresponding diagonal matrix. We also discuss two real world applications on planar systems and linear discrete dynamical systems.
Assessment of natural radioactivity and radiological hazards of soil collected from rabia town in nineveh governorate (North Iraq)
Authors: Wais Taha Yaseen , Ali Farah Nathim Mohammed , Najam Laith A , Mansour Howaide , Mostafa Mostafa Yuness Abdelfatah
Published: May 2023

The effects of the environment on human exposure to radiation from naturally occurring radioactive elements have been investigated around the world. In the group of natural radionuclides under examination, the study’s objective is to ascertain the distribution, potential anthropogenic origins, and activity of the radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and their radiological risk parameters in twelve soil samples taken from Rabia town in Nineveh Governorate, North Iraq using NaI (Tl) detector. For the examined region, the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 4.79 ± 0.211 to 21.77 ± 0.675 Bq kg−1, 11.21 ± 0.942 to 33.57 ± 2.185 Bq kg−1, and 112.8 ± 32.074 to 312.2 ± 95.463 Bq kg−1, respectively. The estimated radiological hazard parameters for the examined samples included the absorbed dose rate (Dair), annual effective dose equivalent (AED), gamma-ray hazard index (I), and annual gonadal dose equivalent. Furthermore, the current work revealed the distribution of radionuclides and their relationships with the mineralogical composition. Based on obtained results, this soil is safe for the population living in the study area and can be used as a building material or for other human activities without posing any radiological danger.
Anisotropic magnetic and magnetotransport properties in morphologically distinct Nd0.6Sr0.4MnO3 thin films
Authors: R S Mrinaleni , Amaladass E P , Sathyanarayana A T , Amirthapandian S , P Jegadeesan , Gupta Pooja , Geetha Kumary T , Rai S K , Mani Awadhesh
Published: May 2023

We investigate the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of nanostructured Nd0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (NSMO) thin films grown on (100) oriented SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. The thin films of 100 nm thickness fabricated using the pulsed laser deposition technique possess two distinct surface morphologies—granular and nano-rod type. The morphological change present in the system significantly affects the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of the thin films. Magnetization measurements revealed that the films with rod-type morphology exhibit improved in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The colossal magnetoresistance (∆R/R(H = 0)) of the granular sample is ∼91 %, and the rod morphology sample is ∼97 % at 3 T magnetic field. Additionally, magnetotransport studies revealed that the granular thin films display a characteristic butterfly-shaped low-field magneto-resistive (LFMR) behavior with the value of LFMR of up to ∼10 %. Furthermore, it is observed that the thin film’s morphology has a significant effect on the anisotropic magnetoresistance ratio (AMR). Thin films with rod-type morphology show an enhanced AMR of ∼30 % around its metal-insulator transition temperature. Such morphology-dependent tunability in magnetoresistance properties over a wide temperature range is potentially interesting for developing oxide-based sensors and devices.
Pump power induced instability and hysteresis in an all-normal dispersion linear mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Samanta Uttam Kumar , Chowdhury Sourav Das , Paul Mukul Ch
Published: May 2023

In this manuscript, experimental studies on the instability and hysteresis in an all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fiber laser have been presented. The laser was mode-locked by using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and a chirped fiber Bragg grating in linear cavity configuration and under the stable conditions it delivered stationary dissipative soliton pulses with characteristic rectangular-shaped steep-edged spectrum. With increasing the pump power, the laser transits to a non-stationary state with a near trapezoidal-shaped spectrum with significant temporal instabilities. The hysteresis associated with the state transition and variations in spectral characteristics has been studied including dispersive Fourier transform based analysis. Pump power induced state transition in an ANDi linear cavity with a physical saturable absorber without the influence of any physical polarization controller or apparent limitation due to spectral filtering is the key observation presented in this paper.
Virtual experiments for the assessment of data analysis and uncertainty quantification methods in scatterometry
Authors: Kok Gertjan , Dijk Marcel van , Wübbeler Gerd , Elster Clemens
Published: May 2023

Geometrical dimensions in nanostructures can be determined through indirect optical measurements carried out by a scatterometer. This includes solving a non-linear regression task in which a physical model is fitted to the observed optical diffraction pattern. We developed a virtual experiment which produces simulated diffraction patterns in coherent Fourier scatterometry measurements including perturbations due to various error sources. We utilize this virtual experiment to assess the suitability of data analysis and uncertainty quantification methods employed in scatterometry. In addition to investigating relevant physical parameters we explore the impact of deviations between the regression model utilized for the analysis and the scatterometry model used to produce the virtual diffraction pattern. We choose coverage probabilities of interval estimates of the geometrical dimensions as the main metric for the assessment. One of our findings is that the discretization level, expressed as the number of retained Fourier orders, can be relaxed up to order 9 in our case study, which is relevant as calculation times strongly depend on this parameter. Another result is that the least-squares approach considered here for solving the regression task in combination with the propagation of variances yields uncertainties which have somewhat lower coverage probabilities than the envisaged 95%. It turned out that it was critically important to model the oxide layer in order to get proper estimates of the width, or ‘critical dimension’, of the sample, while the uncertainty of the side wall angle had the largest impact on the uncertainty of the measurands. Our findings can help establishing traceability of Fourier scatterometry and underline the usefulness of high-quality virtual experiments in connection with complex measurement principles. At the same time the presented case study can be seen as a generic approach that could be followed for assessing uncertainty quantifications in other applications as well.
Harvested winter rye energy cover crop: multiple benefits for North Central US
Authors: Malone Robert W , Radke Anna , Herbstritt Steph , Wu Huaiqing , Qi Zhiming , Emmett Bryan D , Helmers Matthew J , Schulte Lisa A , Feyereisen Gary W , O’Brien Peter L , Kovar John L , Rogovska Natalia , Kladivko Eileen J , Thorp Kelly R , Kaspar Tom C , Jaynes Dan B , Karlen Douglas L , Richard Tom L
Published: May 2023

Cover crops (CCs) can reduce nitrogen (N) loss to subsurface drainage and can be reimagined as bioenergy crops for renewable natural gas production and carbon (C) benefits (fossil fuel substitution and C storage). Little information is available on the large-scale adoption of winter rye for these purposes. To investigate the impacts in the North Central US, we used the Root Zone Water Quality Model to simulate corn-soybean rotations with and without winter rye across 40 sites. The simulations were interpolated across a five-state area (IA, IL, IN, MN, and OH) with counties in the Mississippi River basin, which consists of ∼8 million ha with potential for rye CCs on artificially drained corn-soybean fields (more than 63 million ha total). Harvesting fertilized rye CCs before soybean planting in this area can reduce N loads to the Gulf of Mexico by 27% relative to no CCs, and provide 18 million Mg yr−1 of biomass-equivalent to 0.21 EJ yr−1 of biogas energy content or 3.5 times the 2022 US cellulosic biofuel production. Capturing the CO2 in biogas from digesting rye in the region and sequestering it in underground geologic reservoirs could mitigate 7.5 million Mg CO2 yr−1. Nine clusters of counties (hotspots) were identified as an example of implementing rye as an energy CC on an industrial scale where 400 Gg yr−1 of rye could be sourced within a 121 km radius. Hotspots consisted of roughly 20% of the region’s area and could provide ∼50% of both the N loss reduction and rye biomass. These results suggest that large-scale energy CC adoption would substantially contribute to the goals of reducing N loads to the Gulf of Mexico, increasing bioenergy production, and providing C benefits.
Rationally-extended Dunkl oscillator on the line
Authors: Quesne C
Published: May 2023

It is shown that the extensions of exactly-solvable quantum mechanical problems connected with the replacement of ordinary derivatives by Dunkl ones and with that of classical orthogonal polynomials by exceptional orthogonal ones can be easily combined. For such a purpose, the example of the Dunkl oscillator on the line is considered and three different types of rationally-extended Dunkl oscillators are constructed. The corresponding wavefunctions are expressed in terms of exceptional orthogonal generalized Hermite polynomials, defined in terms of the three different types of X

m
-Laguerre exceptional orthogonal polynomials. Furthermore, the extended Dunkl oscillator Hamiltonians are shown to be expressible in terms of some extended Dunkl derivatives and some anharmonic oscillator potentials.
Influence of contact angle on droplet parameters in ellipsoidal wettability model
Authors: Xu Zehua , Zhang Yanbin , Wang Xiaosen , Li Kangshuai , He Qiang
Published: May 2023

Contact angle is one of the most important indexes to evaluate the hydrophobicity of solid surface. In order to explore the wetting characteristics of droplets on anisotropic solid surfaces, including contact angle, droplet radius, droplet height, contact radius, contact area and projected area, an ellipsoidal droplet contact angle model was established. Different from the ordinary plane ellipsoidal cap model, the major axis and minor axis of the elliptical cap shape in this model are not exactly the same in different planes. This model studied the relationship between contact angle and interface parameters in different planes. By collecting the droplet size parameters of fluororubber (FKM) prepared by template method, the correctness of the theoretical model was verified. Among them, the maximum error between the theoretical value of droplet radius and the actual measured value was 4.3%, and the maximum error of droplet projected area was 2.1%. It was found that the contact angle was inversely proportional to the droplet-solid contact radius and contact area, and directly proportional to the projected area of the droplet. In addition, for the same droplet on the surface of the same solid material, it was observed that the contact radius between the droplet and the solid was small in the direction of large contact angle. This discovery is helpful to explain the hydrophobic mechanism of the material surface with anisotropic contact angle.