bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linearization of the effect of slit function changes for improving Ozone Monitoring Instrument ozone profile retrievals
Authors: Bak Juseon , Liu Xiong , Sun Kang , Chance Kelly , Kim Jae-Hwan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We introduce a method that accounts for errors caused by the slit function
in an optimal-estimation-based spectral fitting process to improve ozone
profile retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ultraviolet
measurements (270–330 nm). Previously, a slit function was parameterized as
a standard Gaussian by fitting the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the
slit function from climatological OMI solar irradiances. This cannot account
for the temporal variation in slit function in irradiance, the intra-orbit
changes due to thermally induced change and scene inhomogeneity, and
potential differences in the slit functions of irradiance and radiance
measurements. As a result, radiance simulation errors may be induced due to
convolving reference spectra with incorrect slit functions. To better
represent the shape of the slit functions, we implement a more generic super
Gaussian slit function with two free parameters (slit width and shape
factor); it becomes standard Gaussian when the shape factor is fixed to be 2. The effects of errors in slit function parameters on radiance spectra,
referred to as pseudo absorbers (PAs), are linearized by convolving
high-resolution cross sections or simulated radiances with the partial
derivatives of the slit function with respect to the slit parameters. The
PAs are included in the spectral fitting scaled by fitting coefficients that
are iteratively adjusted as elements of the state vector along with ozone
and other fitting parameters. The fitting coefficients vary with cross-track
and along-track pixels and show sensitivity to heterogeneous scenes. The PA
spectrum is quite similar in the Hartley band below 310 nm for both standard
and super Gaussians, but is more distinctly structured in the Huggins band
above 310 nm with the use of super Gaussian slit functions. Finally, we
demonstrate that some spikes of fitting residuals are slightly smoothed by
accounting for the slit function errors. Comparisons with ozonesondes
demonstrate noticeable improvements when using PAs for both standard and
super Gaussians, especially for reducing the systematic biases in the
tropics and midlatitudes (mean biases of tropospheric column ozone reduced
from -1.4∼0.7 to 0.0∼0.4 DU) and reducing
the standard deviations of tropospheric ozone column differences at
high latitudes (by 1 DU for the super Gaussian). Including PAs also makes
the retrievals consistent between standard and super Gaussians. This study
corroborates the slit function differences between radiance and irradiance,
demonstrating that it is important to account for such differences in the
ozone profile retrievals.
Alternatives to Traditional Cast Immobilization in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Shirley Eric D. , Maguire Kathleen Joan , Mantica Abigail Louise , Kruse Richard Wayne
Published: July 2019

Casts are commonly used for fracture management and postoperative immobilization in pediatric patients. However, cast immobilization is not without complications (eg, thermal injuries, pressure sores, infection, and neurovascular injury) and may be associated with additional costs and increased loss of school/work days for cast removal or other complications. The disadvantages of traditional casting can be minimized by alternative management strategies: waterproof casts to facilitate bathing and swimming; a Pavlik harness in infants, a single-leg spica cast, or flexible intramedullary nails to avoid complications with double-leg spica casts for femur fractures; and braces or splints to manage buckle and minimally displaced distal radius fractures, toddler's fractures, and stable foot/ankle fractures.
Is the Study Abroad (SA) Program Important for Indonesian Students?
Authors: Nanda Dodi Widia
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to investigate how the concept of language, culture, identity and difference work together in the implementation of the SA Program for Indonesian students and how important its application for them. Concerning the interrelatedness between the four concepts in the employment of SA program, it is found that there is a chance for Indonesian learners to create new cultures after having interaction and dialogues through English as the target language. They also construct their new identity as people who have high-skills in English, in which they are marked out differently by other people. Furthermore, regarding the importance of joining in the SA program, it is seen that the program is vital to improve students’ language skills, affect their cultural transformation and increase their level of confidence in using English. However, it should be applied carefully and put some considerations due to some challenges, including the limitation of English competence, the different of learning culture characteristics, the likelihood of crisis identity. Hence, all of the emerged insights above might be beneficial for policymakers of the SA program to revisit the regulation and enhance the quality of their guided SA program. Then, it may be useful as well for the SA program educators to design and employ suitable learning strategies to be suitable with students’ demands. Ultimately, it can be useful insights as well for students to be well-prepared before joining the SA program.
Discourse Analysis: New Language and New Attitude towards Yemen in Contemporary British Novel; Salmon Fishing in Yemen as an Example
Authors: Altwaiji Mubarak
Published: July 2019

In the critical work on European orientalism, the European scholars approach post 9/11 British neo-orientalist discourse with a totalizing view of representation; a part of the dominant misrepresentation. This study examines issues related to Yemen in Paul Torday’s novel Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (2007). In Salmon Fishing, Torday uses fragmented forms of narrations for his new approach of representation. He uses newspapers, interviews, emails, news articles, document transcripts, diary entries, personal interviews, scientific reports and memoranda as narrative techniques to re-conceptualize the Yemeni people. This study investigates the British political and cultural attitudes towards Yemen and the improvement in the representation of Yemen in post 9/11 British discourse by focusing on the fissures between classic orientalism and neo-orientalism. In the analysis of Salmon Fishing, the study scrutinizes the views of Ralph Emerson and Georg Lukács which are usually associated more closely with studies on representations. The study manifestly identifies the harmony, cooperation and mutual understanding between the east and the west in post 9/11 British discourse on Yemen.
External Quality Control: Official Results of Forage Seeds Quality
Authors: Ternus Ricardo Miotto , Cavalcante Jerffeson Araujo , Meneghello Geri Eduardo , Szareski Vinícius Jardel , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Martins Andrea Bicca Noguez , Conte Giordano Gelain , Villela Francisco Amaral
Published: July 2019

The objective of this work to evaluate the official results of seeds quality of ryegrass, black oat grass, sudangrass and pearl millet, originated from commercial establishments from the State of Santa Catarina. Lots of forage seeds sampled in the state of Santa Catarina in the year of 2013 to 2015, presented low physiologic and physic quality, being the main criteria of disapproval the physic purity and germination. The samples of forage seeds from C1 and C2 categories collected in Santa Catarina present superior quality in relation to the non-certified S1 and S2. The quality of ryegrass seeds (national) showed below the legal standards established, independent of the year, for the physic purity and germination criteria. Although, for the ryegrass lots (imported) there was none disapproval related to germination and physic purity being out of the tolerated limits.The germination and physic purity indexes, for sudangrass lots presented conformity index adequate to the tolerated limits allowed by legal standards. In the other hand, for the same species, the criteria for number of other cultivated species presented 100% of disapproval for the analyzed lots in the non-certified categories in 2013. Lots of pearl millet seeds, with exception of those from the C2 category sampled in 2014, presented in conformity to the legal standards required, being, in comparison with the other species, the one that showed lower non-conformity degree in the analyzed period.
The Experiences of Students in English Language Teaching on Learning “German as a Foreign Language”
Authors: Orhan Arzu
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to illustrate the experiences of students who have taken the optional course “German as a Foreign Language” using the textbook “studio d A1” (Funk et al., 2010) at the Department for English Language Teaching at Bursa Uludağ University, and also their reasons for learning a second foreign language. To identify the thoughts and opinions of the students using the textbook, a questionnaire containing ten questions was used. In addition, four questions regarding demographic information were posed to 32 students at the department. The purpose of the study was to analyze the suitability of maintaining the set textbook for the optional course “German as a Foreign Language”. The results indicate that, in this optional course, there is a need to use textbooks that are designed according to the combination German after English or German with English. The students have also been given the opportunity to express their opinions concerning whether the hours offered in the curriculum of Bursa Uludağ University were sufficient for them to learn a language at a level that would facilitate their learning of yet another foreign language. The analysis of these data shows that students wished to increase the weekly quota of hours of this course.
Het goedkeuringsrecht voor deelnemingen in art. 2:107a (en 2:164/274) BW: Mylan/Meda revisited
Authors: de Groot C. , Verdoes T.L.M.
Published: July 2019

Het goedkeuringsrecht voor deelnemingen in art. 2:107a (en 2:164/274) BW: Mylan/Meda revisited

Art. 2:107a BW geeft de algemene vergadering van een naamloze vennootschap een goedkeuringsrecht met betrekking tot bestuursbesluiten die leiden tot een belangrijke verandering van de identiteit of het karakter van de vennootschap. Een van de gevallen waarin dit goedkeuringsrecht een rol speelt, betreft een besluit tot het nemen of afstoten van een deelneming in een andere vennootschap ter waarde van ten minste een derde van de activa volgens de balans of de geconsolideerde balans. Dit geval lijkt duidelijk, maar is gecompliceerd. Dit komt omdat de waardering van een deelneming op de balans en die op de geconsolideerde balans beduidend van elkaar kunnen verschillen.
Virtuele valuta in een regulatoir hoekje
Authors: van Poelgeest J.M.
Published: July 2019

Virtuele valuta in een regulatoir hoekje

In dit artikel wordt besproken in welk financieelrechtelijk hoekje virtuele valuta vallen en de activiteiten met betrekking tot virtuele valuta en welke criteria daarvoor belangrijk zijn. In dit kader worden de cryptoplatformen besproken en de partijen die virtuele valuta beheren of middelen beheren ter belegging in virtuele valuta. In dit verband wordt ingegaan op de komende vergunningplicht voor bepaalde cryptoplatformen en op de Wwft-verplichtingen die in dit verband ook voor die partijen zullen gelden.
Feminist social work. Outline of the problem
Authors: Ostaszewska Aneta
Published: July 2019

The aim of the article is to answer two questions:
– what is feminist social work, and
– what is the influence of feminism on the theory and practice of social work?
The first part of the article is focused on the history of social work (in terms of women's contribution to the development of this discipline) and feminism (including various trends of feminism). Then, the features of feminist social work are discussed. The article is only an introduction to the issue of feminist social work and does not cover all the related topics.
Transformation. Digital führen
Authors: Hascher-Kück Margarete
Published: July 2019

Der digitale Wandel in der Sozialwirtschaft erfordert ein neues Verständnis von Führung von Organisationen und Unternehmen.
Immobilien müssen organisiert werden
Authors: Nowak Johannes
Published: July 2019

Insbesondere bei kleineren sozialen Organisationen ist das Gebäudemanagement oft eine lästige Nebenaufgabe der Leitung. Doch der Aufbau eines funktionierenden Systems der Bewirtschaftung genutzter Räumlichkeiten lohnt sich auch finanziell, meint Johannes Nowak vom Beratungsbüro Meerbusch.
Information Exchange for the Purpose of Crime Control: the EU Paradigm for Controlling Terrorism – Challenges of an “Open” System for Collecting and Exchanging Personal Data
Authors: Kaiafa-Gbandi Maria
Published: July 2019

The paper underlines the role of the exchange of information on crime control and its consequences, highlighting the Union's example of countering terrorism, which plays a pivotal role in contemporary EU measures to combat crime. To this end, it critically reviews the four pillars of EU institutional intervention to address the terrorist threat under its European Agenda on Security, and in particular (a) the harmonization of the definition of terrorist offenses, (b) the collection and exchange of information for the facilitation of the prevention and repression of terrorism, (c) the obstruction of its funding, and (d) the cooperation with other countries for preventing terrorism. These pillars reveal the widespread collection and exchange of information as a principal tool of vital significance for countering terrorism as well as the ensuing challenges for protecting citizens’ personal data. On this basis, the paper sheds light on the existence of an “open” system of mass collection and exchange of data for monitoring terrorism in the EU which poses grave risks for fundamental rights that have to be addressed, and proposes directions for relevant solutions. Last but not least, the paper connects the “added value” of such an open system of mass collection and exchange of data with the detection of persons considered suspects of terrorist offenses in the future. It also links this “added value” to the legitimizing effect that the modification in the concept of a “suspected person” may have for burdensome measures belonging to a gray zone of unspecified sanctions which remain detached from the guarantees of criminal law. These developments call for cautiousness and restoration of the subsidiary role of criminal law.
Accountability of International Organizations and Transnational Corporations
Authors: Möldner Mirka
Published: July 2019

What does accountability of international organisations mean? What does it mean for transnational corporations? How can they be held accountable? This book analyses and compares the accountability frameworks of both types of institutions—their rationales, conceptualisations and mechanisms. To achieve this, it comprehensively examines two select institutions: the United Nations and Siemens. It presents their similarities and differences in detail, compares their accountability mechanisms and critically assesses their conceptualisations of accountability. To understand underlying structures, the book makes use of economic theories. It adopts and refines a procedural understanding of accountability originally developed in international relations and political science. Last but not least, this book examines to what extent accountability has become a legal concept and aims at contributing to the ongoing efforts of conceptualising ‘accountability’.
Geschlecht und Partnergewalt
Authors: Hohendorf Ines
Published: July 2019

Studies about intimate partner violence (IPV) explain victimisation and perpetration with the social character of the sexes. But while in the national criminological research on IPV a person’s sex is used in place of gender, this study utilises a person’s gender to examine the link between social character and victimisation and perpetration. A sample of 14 to 25 year-old teenagers and young adolescents forms the empirical basis for the study’s quantitative analysis. Using role and action theory, the study examines to what extent gender stereotypes occur and how they affect both the victims and the perpetrators.
Kommerzielle Sportveranstalter und ihre Verantwortlichkeit für Polizeikosten
Authors: Lampart Daniel
Published: July 2019

This thesis deals with the current question of whether organisers of commercial events have to cover the costs of policing them or whether such costs can be financed through taxes.
In the first part of the study, the author deals with the fundamental question of when a state is allowed to raise non-tax dues. He develops suitable requirements of the tax state principle, from which it is possible to evaluate if a non-tax due may be levied. Under these conditions, in the opinion of the author, it is not possible for the organisers of events to finance the policing costs.
The second part focuses on current German administrative practice by referring to the ‘Bremer Modell’ (the policy used in Bremen with regard to this matter). The author explains in detail the current procedure legislators in Bremen undergo and the legal problems in this context.
Dwelling in Carceral Space
Authors: Guenther Lisa ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2019

What is the relationship between prisons designed to lock people in and suburban fortresses designed to lock people out? Building on Jonathan Simon’s account of “homeowner citizenship,” I argue that the gated community is the structural counterpart to the prison in a neoliberal carceral state. Levinas’s account of the ambiguity of dwelling—as shelter for our constitutive relationality, as a site of mastery or possessive isolation, and as the opening of hospitality—helps to articulate what is at stake in homeowner citizenship, beyond the spectre of stranger danger: namely, my own capacity for murderous violence, and my investment in this violence through the occupation of territory and the accumulation of private property. Given the systemic nature of such investments, the meaning of hospitality in the carceral state is best expressed in abolitionist social movements like the Movement for Black Lives, which holds space for a radical restructuring of the world.
Complete Digital Pathology for Routine Histopathology Diagnosis in a Multicenter Hospital Network
Authors: Retamero Juan Antonio , Aneiros-Fernandez Jose , del Moral Raimundo G.
Published: July 2019

Context.—

Complete digital pathology and whole slide imaging for routine histopathology diagnosis is currently in use in few laboratories worldwide. Granada University Hospitals, Spain, which comprises 4 hospitals, adopted full digital pathology for primary histopathology diagnosis in 2016.

Objective.—

To describe the methodology adopted and the resulting experience at Granada University Hospitals in transitioning to full digital diagnosis.

Design.—

All histopathology glass slides generated for routine diagnosis were digitized at ×40 using the Philips IntelliSite Pathology Solution, which includes an ultrafast scanner and an image management system. All hematoxylin-eosin–stained preparations and immunohistochemistry and histochemistry slides were digitized. The existing sample-tracking software and image management system were integrated to allow data interchange through the Health Level 7 protocol.

Results.—

Circa 160 000 specimens have been signed out using digital pathology for primary diagnosis. This comprises more than 800 000 digitized glass slides. The scanning error rate during the implementation phase was below 1.5%, and subsequent workflow optimization rendered this rate negligible. Since implementation, Granada University Hospitals pathologists have signed out 21% more cases per year on average.

Conclusions.—

Digital pathology is an adequate medium for primary histopathology diagnosis. Successful digitization relies on existing sample tracking and integration of the information technology infrastructure. Rapid and reliable scanning at ×40 equivalent was key to the transition to a fully digital workflow. Digital pathology resulted in efficiency gains in the preanalytical and analytical phases, and created the basis for computational pathology: the use of computer-assisted tools to aid diagnosis.
Evaluación de la implementación de materiales didácticos en Ciencias Sociales: propuestas para el desarrollo de la competencia social y ciudadana
Authors: Salazar Jiménez Rodrigo Arturo
Published: July 2019

La información que se presenta en este artículo se centra en la evaluación de la implementación de cinco propuestas didácticas en Ciencias Sociales, para el desarrollo de la competencia Social y Ciudadana, particularmente en la percepción del profesorado sobre el material propuesto. Los resultados se obtuvieron por medio de encuestas que los y las docentes de nueve institutos de Cataluña debían responder antes de aplicar las unidades didácticas y después de cada una de las sesiones.

El procesamiento de la información se realizó con un modelo de análisis cuantitativo con el uso del programa Excel. Entre los principales resultados que podemos destacar de la información entregada por los nueves docentes que aplicaron el material: el profesorado hace una evaluación positiva de las unidades didácticas; las actividades son motivadoras para el alumnado; por último, que para los y las docentes el material resulta útil para conseguir los objetivos de aprendizaje propuestos al alumnado.

 

The information presented in this article focuses on the evaluation of the implementation of five didactic proposals in Social Sciences, for the development of Social and Citizen competence, particularly in the perception of the teaching staff about the proposed material. The results were obtained through surveys that the teachers of nine institutes in Catalonia had to answer before applying the teaching units and after each of the sessions.

The processing of the information was done with a quantitative analysis model with the use of the Excel program. Among the main results we can highlight the information provided by the nine teachers who applied the material: the teachers make a positive evaluation of the teaching units; the activities are motivating for the students; finally, that for teachers the material is useful to achieve the learning objectives proposed to the students.
Motivational analysis regarding to Learning throught Augmented Reality in Professional Education
Authors: Villarejo Villar Ana Belén
Published: July 2019

La realidad aumentada es una tecnología que aporta múltiples recursos al ámbito educativo. Permite al alumno percibir el entorno real “aumentado” a través de determinados objetos virtuales con el fin de instruirlo sobre diferentes materias, como es el caso de la anatomía, disciplina utilizada en nuestro estudio. De esta forma se favorece la adquisición de conocimientos sobre los diferentes aparatos y sistemas que componen nuestro organismo, sobre su funcionamiento y patologías. El objetivo fundamental del presente trabajo es diseñar, implementar y evaluar una propuesta didáctica basada en la realidad aumentada para la materia de anatomofisiología en los ciclos de grado medio de Cuidados Auxiliares de Enfermería y de Emergencias Sanitarias. La intención es recoger información sobre cuatro grandes dimensiones como son la atención, la confianza, la relevancia y la satisfacción a través de un cuestionario compuesto por 26 ítems que se aplica antes y después de la interacción con los dos objetos en realidad aumentada elaborados ad hoc. Los resultados nos demuestran que el instrumento utilizado posee un nivel de confianza satisfactorio para su empleo en la valoración de la motivación suscitada en los estudiantes al interaccionar con las tecnologías. Las aplicaciones dirigidas a la formación facilitan el desarrollo y la asimilación de técnicas, ya que aproxima la teoría al profesional y permite interaccionar con ella de una forma más práctica y visual.

Augmented reality is a technology that brings multiple resources to the educational field. It allows the student to perceive the "improved" real world through certain virtual objects in order to instruct him on different subjects, such as anatomy, the discipline used in our study. In this way, the acquisition of knowledge about the different devices and systems of our body, its functioning and pathologies is favored.The main objective of the present work is to design, implement and evaluate a didactic proposal based on augmented reality for the subject of anatomy-physiology in the cycles of intermediate degree of Auxiliary Nursing Care and Health Emergencies. The purpose is to collect information on four large dimensions such as attention, trust, relevance and satisfaction through a questionnaire composed of 26 items that is applied before and after the interaction with the two objects in augmented reality prepared ad hoc.The results show that the instrument used has a satisfactory level of confidence for its use in the assessment of the motivation aroused in students when interacting with technologies. The applications directed to the formation facilitate the development and the assimilation of techniques, since it approaches the theory to the professional and allows to interact with her in a more practical and visual way.
Degenerate Heirs of the Empire. Climatic Determinism and Effeminacy in the Mercurio Peruano
Authors: Alegre Henderson Magally
Published: July 2019

Objective/context: The European Enlightenment debates on the influence of climate over a region’s inhabitants created a gendered discourse that questioned the virility of European men born and raised in the Americas, while at the same time reducing American indigenous men to a state of infancy. These scientific discussions, which circulated throughout the American continent, had a particular resonance in Lima’s Enlightenment newspaper the Mercurio Peruano. This was due to the broader discussion on the sources of effeminacy and feebleness among Limeño men of which this scientific debate was a part. Originality: This article explores the gendered dimension of European and American scientific discussions on climatic determinism, researching a particular case: the knowledge produced by the contributors to the Mercurio Peruano (mercuristas), dismissing European misrepresentations that claimed Peruvian men lacked virile features. Methodology: Looking primarily at natural history produced in Europe, the reactions in the Peruvian Enlightenment press, but also public debate and further knowledge produced in Peru, this research analyzes scientific discourses from a gender perspective centered on masculinities. Conclusions: Based on Connell’s masculinity theory, this article demonstrates that the extensive scientific knowledge produced by the Mercurio Peruano, praising the benefits of the land for Peruvian manhood, promoted a new form of industrious fatherhood-centered masculinity.
When mothers leave their mark
Authors: Barajas-Azpeleta Raquel , Si Kausik
Published: July 2019

Progeny can inherit parental experiences through altered brain chemistry.
Upregulation of SPOCK2 inhibits the invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells by regulating the MT1-MMP/MMP2 pathway
Authors: Liu Gang , Ren Fang , Song Yongsheng
Published: July 2019

Background

It is known that secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) plays a significant role in the development and progression of several human cancers; however, the role of SPOCK2 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. This study aimed to find the role and mechanism of SPOCK2 in the development and progression of PCa.

Methods

The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of SPOCK2 in PCa tissue was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Upregulation of the SPOCK2 gene was achieved using the DU145 and LNCaP cells by transfecting the cells with SPOCK2 recombinant fragment. Cell invasion and migration ability were detected by transwell chamber and wound healing assay. The expression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) in the cells was detected by Western Blot and zymography gel assay.

Results

The mRNA level of SPOCK2 was significantly lower in the PCa tissue compared to benign prostate hyperplasia. Upregulation of SPOCK2 inhibited cell invasion and migration in DU145 and LNCaP cells, inhibited the expression of MT1-MMP and MMP2 and, inhibited activation of MMP2 in DU145 and LNCaP cells.

Conclusion

SPOCK2 is associated with the progression of PCa. Upregulation of SPOCK2 can inhibit PCa cell invasion and metastasis by decreasing MT1-MMP and MMP2 gene expression and decreasing MMP2 protein activation.
A Review of Microbiologic Isolates of Adults with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Thairu Yunusa, , Agada Akor, Alexander
Published: July 2019

Aims: This study was designed to determine the isolates from microbial cultures and the antibiotics susceptibility pattern of adults with lower respiratory tract infection.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Pulmonology units of Medicine department and Microbiology research laboratory unit, Microbiology and Parasitology department, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH) Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory (F.C.T) from August 2015 to September 2018 (Thirty-six months).

Methodology: This was a retrospective study. patients with LRTI who met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The data were extracted from patients’ case notes using well-structured tools. The quality of clinical and laboratory work up were verified by the contribution of specialist Pulmonologist and Microbiologist in the management of patients. 

Results: A total of one hundred and ninety-eight sample were reviewed of which fifty-seven percent (112) were males and the mean age of the study populations was 37± 13.8 years. From the positive cultures 86.9% were bacteremia and 4.0% were fungaemia. Streptococcus pneumoniae (30.3%) was the most predominant bacteria recovered from the sputum specimens; closely followed by Klebsiella pneumoniea and Staphylococcus aureus. imipenem and ofloxacin had good susceptibility activity and bacteria eradication rate with susceptibility rate of 92.8% and 92.5% respectively. Erythromycin, Augmentin and ceftriaxone had susceptibility of 66.2%, 89.4% and 90.0% respectively.

Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumoniea and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common bacteria isolated from sputum of patient who presented with LRTI. Quinolone (ofloxacin) and imipinem are the most sensitive antibiotics and should be considered in initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment.
Inhibition of miR‐34a‐5p can rescue disruption of the p53‐DAPK axis to suppress progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Jing Zhi‐Fei , Bi Jian‐Bin , Li Zeliang , Liu Xiankui , Li Jun , Zhu Yuyan , Zhang Xiao‐Tong , Zhang Zhe , Li Zhenhua , Kong Chui‐Ze
Published: July 2019

DAPK, a transcriptional target of the p53 protein, has long been characterized as a tumor suppressor that acts as a negative regulator in multiple cellular processes. However, increasing studies have suggested that the role of DAPK may vary depending on cell type and cellular context. Thus far, the expression and function of DAPK in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain ambiguous. Since ccRCC behaves in an atypical way with respect to p53, whether the p53‐DAPK axis functions normally in ccRCC is also an intriguing question. Here, tissue specimens from 61 ccRCC patients were examined for DAPK expression. Functional studies regarding apoptosis, growth, and migration were used to determine the role of DAPK in renal cancer cells. The validity of the p53‐DAPK axis in ccRCC was also determined. Our study identified DAPK as a negative regulator of ccRCC, and its expression was reduced in certain subgroups. However, the p53‐DAPK axis was disrupted due to upregulation of miR‐34a‐5p under stressed conditions. miR‐34a‐5p was identified as a novel repressor of DAPK acting downstream of p53. Inhibition of miR‐34a‐5p can correct the p53‐DAPK axis disruption by upregulating DAPK protein and may have potential to be used as a therapeutic target to improve outcomes for ccRCC patients.
Masc‐induced dosage compensation in silkworm cultured cells
Authors: Katsuma Susumu , Shoji Keisuke , Sugano Yudai , Suzuki Yutaka , Kiuchi Takashi
Published: July 2019

The Masculinizer (Masc) gene encodes a CCCH‐tandem zinc finger protein that controls both masculinization and dosage compensation in the silkworm Bombyx mori. We previously measured the masculinizing activity of the lepidopteran Masc proteins using B. mori ovary‐derived cell line BmN‐4. Here, we established an RNA‐seq data‐based assay system in which the level of B. mori Masc (BmMasc)‐induced dosage compensation can be estimated in BmN‐4 cells. Using this system, we found that a cysteine residue at position 301, which was shown to be essential for the masculinizing activity of BmMasc, is also required for dosage compensation. We further investigated the relationships between Masc‐induced cell growth inhibition, masculinizing activity, and the level of dosage compensation, using Masc genes from three lepidopteran insects. In summary, we have established a cell‐based system to monitor levels of Masc‐induced dosage compensation.
In Situ Inkjet Printing Strategy for Fabricating Perovskite Quantum Dot Patterns
Authors: Shi Lifu , Meng Linghai , Jiang Feng , Ge Yong , Li Fei , Wu Xian‐gang , Zhong Haizheng
Published: July 2019

Perovskite quantum dots are emerging as attractive materials for photonic and optoelectronic applications. Patterning is an important step to incorporate them into display, anti‐counterfeiting, and optical chip applications. In this work, an in situ inkjet printing strategy is demonstrated for fabricating perovskite quantum dots patterns by printing perovskite precursor solutions onto a polymeric layer. Importantly, this strategy can achieve bright photoluminescence with a quantum yield up to 80% and shows broad applicability to a variety of perovskites and polymers. Moreover, the as‐fabricated perovskite quantum dots patterns are composed of a microdisks array on the surface of polymeric layer. The size of these microdisks can be varied by adjusting the printing temperature. To demonstrate the potential use in display and advanced anti‐counterfeiting applications, color pixel patterns and 2D code pattern are fabricated by varying the precursor solutions. The combination of superior photoluminescence properties, simple process, and low cost makes the in situ inkjet printing strategy very promising for patterning perovskite quantum dots toward photonic integrations.
High‐Performance, Low‐Cost, and Dense‐Structure Electrodes with High Mass Loading for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Xinsheng , Xia Shuixin , Huang Yuanqi , Hu Xiangchen , Yuan Biao , Chen Shaojie , Yu Yi , Liu Wei
Published: July 2019

Lithium‐ion batteries have undergone a remarkable development in the past 30 years. However, conventional electrodes are insufficient for the ever‐increasing demand of high‐energy batteries. Here, reported is a thick electrode with a dense structure, as an alternative to the commonly recognized porous framework. A low‐temperature sintering technology with the aid of aqueous solvent, high pressure, and an ion‐conductive additive is originally developed for preparing the LiCoO2 (LCO)/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) dense‐structure electrode as the representative cathode/anode material. The 400 µm thick cathode with 110 mg cm−2 mass loading achieves a high specific capacity of 131.2 mAh g−1 with a good capacity retention of 96% over 150 cycles, far exceeding the commercial counterpart (≈40 µm) of 54.1 mAh g−1 with 39%. The ultrathick electrode of 1300 µm thickness presents a remarkable area capacity of 28.6 mAh cm−2 that is 16 times that of the commercial electrode. The full cell based on the dense electrodes delivers an extremely high areal capacity of 14.4 mAh cm−2. The ion‐diffusion coefficients of the densely sintered electrodes increase by nearly three orders of magnitude. This design opens up a new avenue for scalable and sustainable material manufacturing towards various practical applications.
Functional Oxides for Photoneuromorphic Engineering: Toward a Solar Brain
Authors: Pérez‐Tomás Amador
Published: July 2019

New device concepts and new computing principles are needed to balance our ever‐growing appetite for data and information with the realization of the goals of increased energy efficiency, reduction in CO2 emissions, and the circular economy. Neuromorphic or synaptic electronics is an emerging field of research aiming to overcome the current computer's Von‐Neumann bottleneck by building artificial neuronal systems to mimic the extremely energy efficient biological synapses. The introduction of photovoltaic and/or photonic aspects into these neuromorphic architectures will produce self‐powered adaptive electronics but may also open new possibilities in artificial neuroscience, artificial neural communications, sensing, and machine learning which would enable, in turn, a new era for computational systems owing to the possibility of attaining high bandwidths with much reduced power consumption. This perspective is focused on recent progress in the implementation of functional oxide thin‐films into photovoltaic and neuromorphic applications toward the envisioned goal of self‐powered photovoltaic neuromorphic systems or a solar brain.
High Sensitivity and Broad Range Flexible Pressure Sensor Using Multilayered Porous PDMS/AgNP Sponge
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Zhu Rong
Published: July 2019

Flexible pressure sensors attract wide attentions in recent years for their significant applications in wearable electronics and health monitoring. It is strongly desired that a pressure sensor possesses both low detection limit and wide measuring capability, covering a broad pressure range from Pa to hundred kPa, to meet diverse demands in different applications. This paper proposes a novel flexible pressure sensor based on thermosensation, using a multilayered and graded‐porosity polydimethylsiloxane/silver nanoparticle sponge as piezo‐thermic transduction. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity, a low detection limit of 4.1 Pa, and a wide measuring range up to 200 kPa, which leads to a high range‐to‐limit ratio of about 50 000. The pressure sensor is monolithically integrated with a temperature sensor and dissolves temperature‐compensation. The unique combination of properties makes it feasible to monitor various human signals from subtle wrist pulse to finger tapping pressure and foot stepping pressure by a single device, which shows competent capabilities for multifarious applications in wearable electronics and health monitoring.
Network‐targeted approach and postoperative resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging are associated with seizure outcome
Authors: Boerwinkle Varina L. , Cediel Emilio G. , Mirea Lucia , Williams Korwyn , Kerrigan John F. , Lam Sandi , Raskin Jeffrey S. , Desai Virendra R. , Wilfong Angus A. , Adelson P. David , Curry Daniel J.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Postoperative resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with intractable epilepsy has not been quantified in relation to seizure outcome. Therefore, its value as a biomarker for epileptogenic pathology is not well understood.

Methods

In a sample of children with intractable epilepsy who underwent prospective resting‐state seizure onset zone (SOZ)‐targeted epilepsy surgery, postoperative resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) was performed 6 to 12 months later. Graded normalization of the postoperative resting‐state SOZ was compared to seizure outcomes, patient, surgery, and anatomical MRI characteristics.

Results

A total of 64 cases were evaluated. Network‐targeted surgery, followed by postoperative rs‐fMRI normalization was significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with seizure reduction, with a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.83. Of 39 cases with postoperative rs‐fMRI SOZ normalization, 38 (97%) became completely seizure free. In contrast, of the 25 cases without complete rs‐fMRI SOZ normalization, only 3 (5%) became seizure free. The accuracy of rs‐fMRI as a biomarker predicting seizure freedom is 94%, with 96% sensitivity and 93% specificity.

Interpretation

Among seizure localization techniques in pediatric epilepsy, network‐targeted surgery, followed by postoperative rs‐fMRI normalization, has high correlation with seizure freedom. This study shows that rs‐fMRI SOZ can be used as a biomarker of the epileptogenic zone, and postoperative rs‐fMRI normalization is a biomarker for SOZ quiescence. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:344–356
Edge Capping of 2D‐MXene Sheets with Polyanionic Salts To Mitigate Oxidation in Aqueous Colloidal Suspensions
Authors: Natu Varun , Hart James L. , Sokol Maxim , Chiang Helen , Taheri Mitra L. , Barsoum Michel W.
Published: July 2019

MXenes have shown promise in myriad applications, such as energy storage, catalysis, EMI shielding, among many others. However, MXene oxidation in aqueous colloidal suspensions when stored in water at ambient conditions remains a challenge. It is now shown that by simply capping the edges of individual MXene flakes, Ti3C2Tz and V2CTz, by polyanions such as polyphosphates, polysilicates or polyborates, it is possible to quite significantly reduce their propensity for oxidation even when held in aerated water for weeks. This breakthrough resulted from the realization that the edges of MXene sheets are positively charged. It is thus an example of selectively functionalizing the edges differently from the MXene sheet surfaces.
Mechanochemistry for Synthesis
Authors: Friščić Tomislav , Mottillo Cristina , Titi Hatem M.
Published: July 2019

Mechanochemical solvent‐free reactions by milling, grinding or other types of mechanical action have emerged as a viable alternative to solution chemistry. Mechanochemistry offers not only a possibility to eliminate the need for bulk solvent use, and reduce the generation of waste, but it also unlocks the door to a different reaction environment in which synthetic strategies, reactions and molecules previously not accessible in solution, can be achieved. This Minireview examines the potential of mechanochemistry in chemical and materials synthesis, by providing a cross‐section of the recent developments in using ball milling for the formation of molecules and materials based on covalent and coordination bonds.
Direct Visualization of Live Zebrafish Glycans via Single‐Step Metabolic Labeling with Fluorophore‐Tagged Nucleotide Sugars
Authors: Hong Senlian , Sahai‐Hernandez Pankaj , Chapla Digantkumar Gopaldas , Moremen Kelley W. , Traver David , Wu Peng
Published: July 2019

Dynamic turnover of cell‐surface glycans is involved in a myriad of biological events, making this process an attractive target for in vivo molecular imaging. Metabolic glycan labeling coupled with bioorthogonal chemistry has paved the way for visualizing glycans in living organisms. However, a two‐step labeling sequence is required, which suffers from the tissue‐penetration difficulties of the imaging probes. Here, by exploring the substrate promiscuity of endogenous glycosyltransferases, we developed a single‐step fluorescent glycan labeling strategy by using fluorophore‐tagged analogues of the nucleotide sugars. Injecting fluorophore‐tagged sialic acid and fucose into the yolk of zebrafish embryos at the one‐cell stage enables systematic imaging of sialylation and fucosylation in live zebrafish embryos at distinct developmental stages. From these studies, we obtained insights into the role of sialylated and fucosylated glycans in zebrafish hematopoiesis.
Zirconium (IV) porphyrin graphene oxide: a new and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Ghadamyari Zohreh , Shiri Ali , Khojastehnezhad Amir , Seyedi Seyed Mohammad
Published: July 2019

A covalently cross‐linked graphene oxide (GO) as a catalyst was prepared by a cross‐linking process using the nucleophilic reaction of zirconium (IV)‐coordinated 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis (aminophenyl)porphyrin (ZrPPh) with carboxyl groups of the edges of GO (GO‐ZrPPh). The chemical structure of catalyst was characterized by different analyses such as FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, EDS, ICP, TGA and UV. All analyses confirm the occurrence of successfully covalent immobilization of ZrPPh on the GO. Also, TEM and SEM images show that ZrPPh has been immobilized in the both of the edges and the basal plane of GO. The activity of the catalyst was studied for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones via Biginelli reaction. The cross‐linked catalyst is able to catalyze the reaction in short reaction times and good to excellent yields.
Study of electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers with porous and ultrafine nanofibril structures: Effect of stabilization treatment on the resulting carbonized structure
Authors: Huang Chien‐Lin , Wei Tzu‐Hsin , Peng Sheng‐Yin , Lee Kun‐Mu
Published: July 2019

Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with high surface area have been of promising interest because of their potential for applications in various fields, especially energy devices. In this study, PAN nanofibers with porous and ultrafine nanofiber structures were prepared by electrospinning PAN/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) immiscible solutions and then selectively removing the PVP component from the electrospun PAN/PVP bicomponent nanofibers. The chemical reaction and microstructure of the PAN fibers with porous and ultrafine nanofibril structures in the stabilization process were investigated. The results revealed the effects of PAN fibers with porous and ultrafine nanofibril structures on the crosslinking reaction, microstructure, and morphology during the stabilization process. According to thein situFourier transform infrared spectroscopy results, the intermolecular and intramolecular reactions of the nitrile group for the PAN fibers with ultrafine nanofibril structures exhibited slower reaction rates than those for the neat PAN fibers during stepwise and isothermal heating. Selecting a good stabilization temperature for ultrafine PAN‐crosslinked nanofibrils can enhance the surface area and carbonized structure of CNFs. The possible applications of CNFs with porous and ultrafine nanofibril structures in supercapacitors were also evaluated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48218.
Metal–Organic‐Framework‐based Gas Chromatographic Separation
Authors: Tang Wen‐Qi , Xu Jin‐Ya , Gu Zhi‐Yuan
Published: July 2019

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been applied in various fields because of their fascinating structures and excellent properties. MOFs can serve as stationary phases in gas chromatography (GC), which has led to exceptional improvements of performance. Here, we summarize the application of MOFs in GC based on the classification of analytes. The advantages and separation mechanism of MOFs as stationary phases in GC are discussed in combination with the characteristics and structures of MOFs. The limitations are also summarized in this review, which can provide prospects on further research for the applications of MOFs.