bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A computational model of bounded developable surfaces with application to image‐based three‐dimensional reconstruction
Authors: Perriollat Mathieu , Bartoli Adrien
Published: September 2012

Developable surfaces have been extensively studied in computer graphics because they are involved in a large body of applications. This type of surfaces has also been used in computer vision and document processing in the context of three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction for book digitization and augmented reality. Indeed, the shape of a smoothly deformed piece of paper can be very well modeled by a developable surface. Most of the existing developable surface parameterizations do not handle boundaries or are driven by overly large parameter sets. These two characteristics become issues in the context of developable surface reconstruction from real observations. Our main contribution is a generative model of bounded developable surfaces that solves these two issues. Our model is governed by intuitive parameters whose number depends on the actual deformation and including the “flat shape boundary”. A vast majority of the existing image‐based paper 3D reconstruction methods either require a tightly controlled environment or restricts the set of possible deformations. We propose an algorithm for reconstructing our model's parameters from a general smooth 3D surface interpolating a sparse cloud of 3D points. The latter is assumed to be reconstructed from images of a static piece of paper or any other developable surface. Our 3D reconstruction method is well adapted to the use of keypoint matches over multiple images. In this context, the initial 3D point cloud is reconstructed by structure‐from‐motion for which mature and reliable algorithms now exist and the thin‐plate spline is used as a general smooth surface model. After initialization, our model's parameters are refined with model‐based bundle adjustment. We experimentally validated our model and 3D reconstruction algorithm for shape capture and augmented reality on seven real datasets. The first six datasets consist of multiple images or videos and a sparse set of 3D points obtained by structure‐from‐motion. The last dataset is a dense 3D point cloud acquired by structured light. Our implementation has been made publicly available on the authors' web home pages. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitric Oxide (NO)‐Induced Death of Gram‐Negative Bacteria from a Light‐Controlled NO‐Releasing Platform
Authors: Halpenny Genevieve M. , Heilman Brandon , Mascharak Pradip K.
Published: September 2012

A NO‐delivery platform has been fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Pluronic® F127 gel that contains the light‐sensitive NO donor, [Mn(PaPy3)(NO)]ClO4. The material was assembled layer‐by‐layer. First, a thin PDMS membrane was cast. It was then layered with cold 25% (w/v) Pluronic® F127 gel mixed with [Mn(PaPy3)(NO)]ClO4. Finally, it was covered with a thick layer (nearly impermeable to NO) of PDMS (=polydimethoxysiloxane) to allow release of NO only from the thinner side upon exposure to light. Light‐induced NO release from this layered material has been confirmed via NO‐specific electrode and by a modified soft Griess‐agar assay. Incorporation of ca. 8 mg/g of [Mn(PaPy3)(NO)]ClO4 in the Pluronic gel layer affords a material that drastically reduces the microbial loads of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the antibiotic effects of the photoreleased NO. Application of this flexible layered NO‐donating composite as bandage material has been proposed.
Syntheses, Characterization, and Antitumor Activities of Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes with Sugar‐Conjugated Triazole Ligands
Authors: Yano Shigenobu , Ohi Hiromi , Ashizaki Mizue , Obata Makoto , Mikata Yuji , Tanaka Rika , Nishioka Takanori , Kinoshita Isamu , Sugai Yuko , Okura Ichiro , Ogura Shun‐ichiro , Czaplewska Justyna A. , Gottschaldt Michael , Schubert Ulrich S. , Funabiki Takuzo , Morimoto Keiko , Nakai Misaki
Published: September 2012

Four platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes with sugar‐conjugated bipyridine‐type triazole ligands, [PtIICl2(AcGlc‐pyta)] (3), [PdIICl2(AcGlc‐pyta)] (4), [PtIICl2(Glc‐pyta)] (5), and [PdIICl2(Glc‐pyta)] (6), were prepared and characterized by mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, IR as well as UV/VIS spectroscopy, where AcGlc‐pyta and Glc‐pyta denote 2‐[4‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl]ethyl 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1) and 2‐[4‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl]ethyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), respectively. The solid‐state structure of complex 6 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray‐diffraction analysis. These complexes exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against human cervix tumor cells (HeLa) though weaker than that of cisplatin.
Europium Complexes as Novel Indicators of Paracellular Diffusion
Authors: Xu Zhihan , Zhang Chengyue , Zhang Yue , Yang Xiaoda
Published: September 2012

Measurement of paracellular permeation is an important assay for tight‐junction investigations of drug toxicity, especially for metal‐based drugs, and routine validation of the integrity of cell monolayers for models of drug absorption. Great efforts have been made in discovery and validation of novel paracellular diffusion indicators. In the present work, we prepared three Eu complexes, i.e., [Eu(dtpa)] (dtpa=diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), [Eu(dtpa)(BSA)], and [Eu(dtpa)(PLL)] (PLL=poly(L‐lysine)), and tested their permeation properties on MadinDarby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The experimental results showed that all three probes were nontoxic to MDCK cells, permeated across MDCK monolayer exclusively via the paracellular pathways, and responded well to the changes on tight junction with high correlation of Papp values to the decrease of trans‐epithelial electric resistance (TEER). In addition, time‐resolved fluorescence assays were conducted in a high‐sensitivity and background‐free mode. All these results confirmed the Eu complexes as novel and practical paracellular indicators.
Correlating CH Bond Cleavage with Molybdenum Reduction in Xanthine Oxidase
Authors: Kirk Martin L. , Berhane Abebe
Published: September 2012

We have performed a computational study of substrate CH bond activation in enzymes of the XO family. The CH H‐atom for all XO substrates studied is transferred to the terminal sulfido at the transition state with near neutral charge, and this is consistent with both MoS π→ CH σ* and CH σ→MoS π* donoracceptor interactions activating the CH bond. A CH bond scission and Mo reduction appear to be highly correlated along the reaction coordinate for all XO substrates studied, with Mo reduction being a continuous and exponential function of CH bond breaking along the reaction coordinate.
Changes in lymphocyte and neutrophil function induced by a marathon race
Authors: Santos Vinicius Coneglian , Levada‐Pires Adriana Cristina , Alves Sâmia Rocha , Pithon‐Curi Tânia Cristina , Curi Rui , Cury‐Boaventura Maria Fernanda
Published: September 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in lymphocyte and neutrophil selected functions before and after a marathon race. Fifteen professional athletes were recruited, and the following parameters were measured: plasma concentrations of IL‐1ra, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α and C‐reactive protein (CRP); neutrophil phagocytic capacity; cytokine production by neutrophils and lymphocytes and signs of neutrophil and lymphocyte death. The marathon race had no effect on CRP levels, but plasma concentrations of IL‐6 and IL‐1ra were increased. Although no effect was observed on the production of IL‐6, IL1‐ra, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐8 by unstimulated or stimulated neutrophils, a decrease in neutrophil phagocytic activity was observed immediately following the marathon. A high percentage of neutrophils undergoing apoptosis was observed due to the intense training regimen, whereas the percentages of apoptotic neutrophils were reduced after the race. The production of IL‐2, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐10 by lymphocytes was decreased by 50%–80%, and the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic lymphocytes was increased by 42% and fourfold, respectively, as a result of the race. In conclusion, the increase in plasma levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1ra and IL‐10 after the race was not due to the production of the cytokines by neutrophils or lymphocytes. In fact, the marathon led to a decrease in lymphocyte and neutrophil function, and the diminished function was more pronounced in lymphocytes, indicating an impairment in acquired immunity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation is not essential for CCL3‐, CCL5‐ or CCL8‐induced chemotaxis
Authors: Khabbazi S. , Jacques R.O. , Moyano Cardaba C. , Mueller A.
Published: September 2012

Chemokine receptors induce cell migration, but the molecular basis of the signal cascade involved is not completely understood. Therefore, we investigated here the molecular mechanisms of CCL3‐, CCL5‐ and CCL8‐induced cells migration and investigated whether the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway is involved. Some STAT3 inhibitors, like Cucurbitacin I, destroy the actin cytoskeleton inside the cells and therefore prevent any cellular migration. However, for inhibitors that do not affect the actin cytoskeleton or induce cell death, we show that chemokine‐induced cell migration is not dependent on activation of Janus kinase 2 or STAT3. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite Metal–Oxide Nanocatalysts
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Bai Shi‐Qiang , Zheng Yuangang , Shah Kwok Wei , Han Ming‐Yong
Published: September 2012

To incorporate new functionalities, various oxide materials can be composited with metal nanoparticles to form metal–oxide nanostructures, which are very promising for a wide range of applications. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in advanced synthesis of structure‐diversified core–shell, yolk–shell, Janus, and their combined metal–oxide nanostructures. We also summarize their representative catalytic applications including organic reduction and oxidation, CO oxidation, CO2 conversion, water–gas shift reaction, and water splitting. We discuss recyclable metal–oxide nanocatalysts with mesoporous, hollow, or multilayered structures. We highlight perspectives for their challenges ahead and opportunities for their widely used applications in plasmon localization enhanced photocatalysis, artificial enzyme catalysis, and catalytic biomass conversion.
ChemInform Abstract: SrZn2Sn2 and Ca2Zn3Sn6 — Two New Ae—Zn—Sn Polar Intermetallic Compounds (Ae: Alkaline Earth Metal).
Authors: Stegmaier Saskia , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: September 2012

The title compounds are synthesized from the elements (950—1000 °C, 45 min—48 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD and DFT electronic structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Strongly Fluorescent Quaternary Cu—In—Zn—S Nanocrystals Prepared from Cu1‐xInS2 Nanocrystals by Partial Cation Exchange.
Authors: Manna Liberato , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

Cu1‐xInS2 (x = 1—0.4) nanocrystals are synthesized from solutions of CuI and In(OAc)3 in 1‐dodecanethiol (230 °C, 11 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of a New Congruently Melting Compound, K3ZnB5O10.
Authors: Wu Hongping , Pan Shilie , Yu Hongwei , Chen Zhaohui , Zhang Fangfang
Published: September 2012

The new title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of ZnO, K2CO3, and H3BO3 (Pt crucible, 600 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Three‐Dimensional Heterometallic MnIICuII Azide‐Bridged Coordination Polymer: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Gu Zhi‐Guo , Zhou Wen , Bao Fei‐Fei , Pang Chun‐Yan , Xu Xin‐Xin , Li Zaijun
Published: September 2012

Black block‐shaped crystals of [Mn2Cu(N3)6(en)2]n are synthesized by slow evaporation of solutions containing MnCl2, NaN3, Cu(NO3)2, and en in MeOH and H2O (5 °C, 7 d, 30% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Guanidine Catalyzed Aerobic Reduction: A Selective Aerobic Hydrogenation of Olefins Using Aqueous Hydrazine.
Authors: Lamani Manjunath , Guralamata Ravikumara Siddappa , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: September 2012

An efficient procedure is elaborated for the chemoselective aerobic reduction of different alkenes, dienes and alkynes with hydrazine in the presence of guanidinium nitrate as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanoparticles of Ferrite Complex Oxides: A Cheap, Efficient, Recyclable Catalyst for Building the C—N Bond under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Rongzhao , Miao Chengxia , Shen Zhiqiang , Wang Shoufeng , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei
Published: September 2012

A variety of magnetic nanoparticles of ferrite complex oxides is prepared and tested in the N‐arylation of imidazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Molecular Recognition with Aminoorganoboron Complexes: Selective Alcoholysis of β‐Dicarbonyl Derivatives.
Authors: Oishi Shunsuke , Saito Susumu
Published: September 2012

Aminoorganoboron complexes such as AOB recognize alcohol and β‐dicarbonyl units, and then facilitate chemo‐ and site‐selective alcoholysis of the β‐dicarbonyl unit.
ChemInform Abstract: Heck—Matsuda Reactions Catalyzed by a Hydroxyalkyl‐Functionalized NHC and Palladium Acetate.
Authors: Penafiel Itziar , Pastor Isidro M. , Yus Miguel
Published: September 2012

Best results with the present catalytic system are obtained in the absence of an additional base.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C—F Bond Activation of Perfluoroarenes by Tricoordinated Gold(I) Complexes.
Authors: Zhan Jin‐Hui , Lv Hongbin , Yu Yi , Zhang Jun‐Long
Published: September 2012

Electronic effects of perfluoroarenes play a critical role on the reactivity of hydrodefluorination and the reaction proceeds in the order para<ortho.
ChemInform Abstract: A Biologically Inspired Cu(I)/Topaquinone‐Like Co‐Catalytic System for the Highly Atom‐Economical Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Amines to Imines.
Authors: Largeron Martine , Fleury Maurice‐Bernard
Published: September 2012

The process tolerates the presence of various reactive functional groups and allows selective cross‐coupling of two amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Bromohydrins via Reduction of α‐Bromoacetophenone Analogues Catalyzed by an Isolated Carbonyl Reductase.
Authors: Ren Jie , Dong Wenyue , Yu Benqing , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming
Published: September 2012

A new selective synthesis of (S)‐α‐bromohydrins is presented, involving the highly stereoselective (<99% e.e.) reduction of α‐bromoacetophenones (I) with carbonyl reductase in a D‐glucose—D‐glucose dehydrogenase‐based NADP regeneration system.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective β‐Arylation of Ketones Enabled by Lithiation/Borylation/1,4‐Addition Sequence under Flow Conditions.
Authors: Shu Wei , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: September 2012

The three‐step protocol uses readily available and inexpensive aryl bromides instead of arylboron reagents and affords β‐arylated ketones in good yields with high levels of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ketone Formation via Mild Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Aryl Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Wu Fan , Lu Wenbin , Qian Qun , Ren Qinghua , Gong Hegui
Published: September 2012

The title reaction allows an efficient access to a wide range of ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Simultaneous Formation of C—C, C=O, and C—F Bonds in the Presence of Selectfluor: A Synthesis of Fluoroindenes from Allene Esters.
Authors: Liu Yunkui , Zhu Jie , Qian Jianqiang , Xu Zhenyuan
Published: September 2012

It is found that Au‐mediated treatment of allene esters such as (I), (III), (Va), and (Vb) with Selectfluor and water allows an efficient access to biologically important fluoroindene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation of Cyclobutanones with 10‐Methylacridinium as an Efficient Organocatalyst.
Authors: Xu Hua‐Jian , Zhu Feng‐Fei , Shen Yong‐Ya , Wan Xin , Feng Yi‐Si
Published: September 2012

A metal‐free and convenient approach to substituted lactones under conditions A) or B) affords the target compounds with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Tandem Reaction of 2‐(gem‐Dibromovinyl)phenols(thiophenols) with Organosilanes to 2‐Arylbenzofurans(thiophenes).
Authors: Liu Jie , Chen Wei , Ji Yong , Wang Lei
Published: September 2012

The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and is not sensitive to steric effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cyclization Reactions via Manganese(III) Acetate Leading to 2‐Thienyl‐Substituted Dihydrofuran Compounds.
Authors: Bicer Emre , Yilmaz Mehmet , Karatas Melih , Pekel Ahmet Tarik
Published: September 2012

The Mn(III)‐mediated radical cyclization of various β‐dicarbonyl compounds with thienyl‐substituted alkenes provides an efficient, high yielding access towards thienyl‐substituted dihydrofurans, e.g. (III), (V)/(VI) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Scaffold‐Inspired Enantioselective Synthesis of Biologically Important Spiro[pyrrolidin‐3,2′‐oxindoles] with Structural Diversity Through Catalytic Isatin‐Derived 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions.
Authors: Shi Feng , Tao Zhong‐Lin , Luo Shi‐Wei , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: September 2012

The cycloaddition reactions are performed with maleates, fumarates, or acrylates and azomethine ylides generated in situ from unsymmetrical cyclic ketones (isatins) and aminomalonates in the presence of axially chiral biphosphoric acid BPA as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Protocol for Indoline Synthesis via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp2)—H Amination.
Authors: He Gang , Lu Chengxi , Zhao Yingsheng , Nack William A. , Chen Gong
Published: September 2012

This method can be applied to prepare the betanin precursor (VIc).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Efficient Synthesis of Novel Fused Pentacyclic Indolopyridobenzimidazoles and Pyridoimidazopyridoindoles from the Reaction of Pyranoindolones with 1,2‐Diaminobenzenes and 2,3‐Diaminopyridines.
Authors: Livadiotou Despina , Fadel Anna Maria , Tsoleridis Constantinos A. , Stephanidou‐Stephanatou Julia
Published: September 2012

In the case of 2,3‐diaminopyridines (VII), the reaction proceeds regioselectively affording only regioisomers (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H/C—H Cross‐Coupling Between Two Structurally Similar Azoles.
Authors: Dong Jiaxing , Huang Yumin , Qin Xurong , Cheng Yangyang , Hao Jing , Wan Danyang , Li Wei , Liu Xingyan , You Jingsong
Published: September 2012

The chemo‐ and regioselective oxidative cross coupling between two non‐benzofused azoles at the C‐2 positions is achieved in the presence of a Pd—Cu co‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4H‐pyrans via the Organocatalytic Cascade Reaction of Malononitrile and α‐Substituted Chalcones.
Authors: Hu Zhi‐Peng , Wang Wei‐Juan , Yin Xiao‐Gang , Zhang Xue‐Jing , Yan Ming
Published: September 2012

Title reaction is effectively catalyzed by quinine to give a diversity of polysubstituted pyrans in good yields and stereoselectivities (up to 95% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Synthesis of 2‐[1‐Alkyl‐5,6‐bis (alkoxycarbonyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2‐oxopyridine‐3‐yl]acetic Acid Derivatives via Domino Michael Addition—Cyclization Reaction.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Rezvanian Atieh
Published: September 2012

Three‐component condensation of itaconic anhydride (I) with acetylenedicarboxylate (II) and primary amines (III) provides a novel efficient access towards title tetrahydrooxopyridinylacetic acids (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Piperidin‐4‐ylidenemethyl‐benzamides as δ‐Opioid Receptor Agonists for CNS Indications: Identifying Clinical Candidates.
Authors: Wesolowski Steven S. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

A series 4‐piperidin‐4‐ylidenemethylbenzamide δ‐opioid receptor agonists (I) is described with an emphasis on balancing the potency, subtype selectivity and in vitro ADME and safety properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline Compounds as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors.
Authors: Zhou You‐Jun , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

A variety of 1‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Mg(ClO4)2‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Allylic Amination: Application to the Total Synthesis of Demethoxyfumitremorgin C.
Authors: Jiang Danfeng , Xu Zhengren , Jia Yanxing
Published: September 2012

The process affords substituted piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Regioselective Synthesis and Potential Antitumor Evaluation of Isoxazolo[5,4‐b]pyridines and Related Annulated Compounds.
Authors: Hamama Wafaa S. , Ibrahim Mona E. , Zoorob Hanafi H.
Published: September 2012

A variety of isoxazolopyridine derivatives and related compounds are synthesized starting from 5‐amino‐3‐methylisoxazole (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Biginelli Reaction Catalyzed by SPINOL‐Phosphoric Acids.
Authors: Xu Fangxi , Huang Dan , Lin Xufeng , Wang Yanguang
Published: September 2012

The synthetic value of the present protocol is demonstrated by synthesis of (IX), the enantiomer of which is a potent orally active antihypertensive agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of Isoquinolino[2,3‐a]quinazolinones.
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhu Chongyu , Yang Haijun , Fu Hua
Published: September 2012

A number of 2‐(2‐bromobenzamido)benzoates is converted to the target heterocycles in the reaction with nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Floral Pigments Isolated from the Sky‐Blue Flowers of Oxypetalum caeruleum
Authors: Saito Norio , Toki Kenjiro , Honda Toshio , Tatsuzawa Fumi
Published: September 2012

isolation and structure elucidation of six anthocyanin dyes, e.g. the new cyanidin dye (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Symmetric Dimers of ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoids with Cytotoxic Activity from Croton tonkinensis.
Authors: Thuong Phuong Thien , Pham Thi Hong Minh , Le Thi Van Thu , Dao Trong Tuan , Dang Thai Trung , Nguyen Quyet Tien , Oh Won Keun
Published: September 2012

Two new symmetric dimers of ent‐kaurane diterpenoids, crotonkinensins C (Ia) and D (Ib), with connectivity at C‐17 are isolated from the leaves of the Vietnamese endemic medical plant.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Amine‐Catalyzed Carbohydrate Chain Elongation.
Authors: Voigt Benjamin , Scheffler Ulf , Mahrwald Rainer
Published: September 2012

2,3‐anti Substrates give mainly internal syn‐configurated products, while 2,3‐syn isomers produce mainly anti‐configurated structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Functional Magnetic Nanocomposites and Hybrid Materials: Recent Progress and Future Directions
Authors: Behrens Silke
Published: September 2012

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Dendrimers.
Authors: Rasmussen Brian , Christensen Joern Bolstad
Published: September 2012

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthetic Opportunities in Miniaturized Flow Reactors with Inductive Heating
Authors: Krischning Andreas , Kupracz Lukas , Hartwig Jan
Published: September 2012

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Dioxide: Versatile, Cheap and Safe Alternative in the Syntheses of Organic Carbamates
Authors: Chaturvedi Devdutt , Chaturvedi Amit K. , Mishra Virendra
Published: September 2012

Review: 234 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Ionic Liquids in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Pereira Maria M. A.
Published: September 2012

Review: 172 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Overview of the Chemical Reactivity of Phosphonyl Carbanions Toward Some Carbon‐nitrogen Systems
Authors: Abdou Wafaa M. , Khidre Rizk E.
Published: September 2012

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐3‐one: Chemical Profile of a Versatile Synthetic Building Block and Its Impact on the Development of Therapeutics
Authors: Singh Rohit , Vince Robert
Published: September 2012

Review: 1113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Mixtures: Challenges and Opportunities for the Amplification and Sensing of Scents
Authors: Herrmann Andreas
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantification of “Fuzzy” Chemical Concepts: A Computational Perspective
Authors: Gonthier Jerome F. , Steinmann Stephan N. , Wodrich Matthew D. , Corminboeuf Clemence
Published: September 2012

Review: 96 refs.
Lightweight Aggregates from Masonry Rubble
Authors: Müller Anette , Schnell Alexander , Rübner Katrin
Published: September 2012

Heterogene und feinkörnige Bauabfälle aus Mauerwerkbruch lassen sich heute nur auf einem sehr geringen Qualitätsniveau verwerten. Um diese Situation zu überwinden, wurde das Material als Rohstoff für die Herstellung von leichten Gesteinskörnungen verwendet, die ähnlich wie Blähtone und Blähschiefer in einem thermischen Prozess erzeugt werden. Auf der Grundlage einer Literaturübersicht wurde zunächst die grundsätzliche Eignung von Mauerwerkbruch bewertet. Es folgten experimentelle Untersuchungen, in welchen nachgewiesen werden konnte, dass Leichtgranulate mit definierten, einstellbaren Eigenschaften aus Mauerwerkbruch herstellbar sind. Sie sind in ihren Eigenschaften den leichten Gesteinskörnungen aus natürlichen Rohstoffen mindestens ebenbürtig.
Afferent regulation of chicken auditory brainstem neurons: Rapid changes in phosphorylation of elongation factor 2
Authors: McBride Ethan G. , Rubel Edwin W , Wang Yuan
Published: September 2012

The relationships between protein synthesis and neuronal survival are poorly understood. In chicken nucleus magnocellularis (NM), significant alterations in overall protein synthesis precede neuronal death induced by deprivation of excitatory afferent activity. Previously we demonstrated an initial reduction in the overall rate of protein synthesis in all deprived NM neurons, followed by quick recovery (starting at 6 hours) in some, but not all, neurons. Neurons with recovered protein synthesis ultimately survive, whereas others become “ghost” cells (no detectable Nissl substance) at 12–24 hours and die within 48 hours. To explore the mechanisms underlying this differential influence of afferent input on protein synthesis and cell survival, the current study investigates the involvement of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2), the phosphorylation of which reduces overall protein synthesis. Using immunocytochemistry for either total or phosphorylated eEF2 (p‐eEF2), we found significant reductions in the level of phosphorylated, but not total, eEF2 in NM neurons as early as 0.5–1 hour following cochlea removal. Unexpectedly, neurons with low levels of p‐eEF2 show reduced protein synthesis at 6 hours, indicated by a marker for active ribosomes. At 12 hours, all “ghost” cells exhibited little or no p‐eEF2 staining, although not every neuron with a comparable low level of p‐eEF2 was a “ghost” cell. These observations demonstrate that a reduced level of p‐eEF2 is not responsible for immediate responses (including reduced overall protein synthesis) of a neuron to compromised afferent input but may impair the neuron's ability to initiate recovery signaling for survival and make the neuron more vulnerable to death. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1165–1183, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐throughput virtual molecular docking with AutoDockCloud
Authors: Ellingson Sally R. , Baudry Jerome
Published: September 2012

Virtual molecular docking is a computational method used in computer‐aided drug discovery that calculates the binding affinity of a small molecule drug candidate to a target protein. High‐throughput virtual screenings calculate the binding affinities for a large number of molecules at once and ranks potential drug candidates to greatly reduces the time and cost of suggesting new potential pharmaceuticals. This high‐throughput screening is a task parallel process and therefore well‐suited for distributed computing. In this study, we use the open source Hadoop framework implementing the MapReduce paradigm for distributed computing on a cloud platform and the widely used molecular docking program, AutoDock. The initial implementation of AutoDockCloud showed a speed‐up of 450 on Kandinsky, a cloud computer located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Further modifications show promise for a greater speed‐up of large chemical library screenings and also incorporates and distributes the pre‐docking procedures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotope ratio mass spectrometry – history and terminology in brief
Authors: Flenker Ulrich
Published: September 2012

The history of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is briefly described. It is shown that the fundamental design of isotope ratio mass spectrometers has not changed since the 1940s. The basic findings concerning the natural variation of isotope abundances even date back to the 1930s. Recent improvements in the methodology mainly concern online coupling and analytical peripherals. The nature of isotopic scales necessitates a specific terminology which is unfamiliar to many analysts. However, corresponding guidelines exist that should be adopted by the anti‐doping community. Currently, steroids represent the only group of compounds routinely analyzed by IRMS in doping‐control. Suggestions are made in respect to a harmonized terminology concerning the nature and origins of steroids. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracoastal shipping drives patterns of regional population expansion by an invasive marine invertebrate
Authors: Darling John A. , Herborg Leif‐Matthias , Davidson Ian C.
Published: September 2012

Understanding the factors contributing to expansion of nonnative populations is a critical step toward accurate risk assessment and effective management of biological invasions. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted explicitly to test hypotheses regarding factors driving invasive spread by seeking correlations between patterns of vector movement and patterns of genetic connectivity. Herein, we describe such an attempt for the invasive tunicate Styela clava in the northeastern Pacific. We utilized microsatellite data to estimate gene flow between samples collected throughout the known range of S. clava in the region, and assessed correlation of these estimates with patterns of intracoastal commercial vessel traffic. Our results suggest that recent shipping patterns have contributed to the contemporary distribution of genetic variation. However, the analysis also indicates that other factors—including a complex invasion history and the influence of other vectors—have partially obscured genetic patterns associated with intracoastal population expansion.
Extensive genetic diversity and rapid population differentiation during blooms of Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae) in an isolated salt pond on Cape Cod, MA, USA
Authors: Richlen Mindy L. , Erdner Deana L. , McCauley Linda A. R. , Libera Katie , Anderson Donald M.
Published: September 2012

In Massachusetts, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is annually recurrent along the coastline, including within several small embayments on Cape Cod. One such system, the Nauset Marsh System (NMS), supports extensive marshes and a thriving shellfishing industry. Over the last decade, PSP in the NMS has grown significantly worse; however, the origins and dynamics of the toxic Alexandrium fundyense (Balech) populations that bloom within the NMS are not well known. This study examined a collection of 412 strains isolated from the NMS and the Gulf of Maine (GOM) in 2006–2007 to investigate the genetic characteristics of localized blooms and assess connectivity with coastal populations. Comparisons of genetic differentiation showed that A. fundyense blooms in the NMS exhibited extensive clonal diversity and were genetically distinct from populations in the GOM. In both project years, genetic differentiation was observed among temporal samples collected from the NMS, sometimes occurring on the order of approximately 7 days. The underlying reasons for temporal differentiation are unknown, but may be due, in part, to life‐cycle characteristics unique to the populations in shallow embayments, or possibly driven by selection from parasitism and zooplankton grazing; these results highlight the need to investigate the role of selective forces in the genetic dynamics of bloom populations. The small geographic scale and limited connectivity of NMS salt ponds provide a novel system for investigating regulators of blooms, as well as the influence of selective forces on population structure, all of which are otherwise difficult or impossible to study in the adjacent open‐coastal waters or within larger estuaries.
Synthesis of Precursors for Large‐Diameter Hemispherical Buckybowls and Precursors for Short Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Mueller Andreas , Amsharov Konstantin Yu.
Published: September 2012

We report herein the synthesis of six precursor molecules for the rational synthesis of isomerically pure armchair, zigzag, or chiral single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons possess the required carbon connectivity for the generation of extended hemispherical buckybowls with predefined geometry through intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation. The precursors for the short carbon nanotubes and the large‐diameter hemispherical buckybowls have potential for the rational initiation of single‐chirality SWCNT growth on metal surfaces. The options for the construction of precursors for various SWCNT chiralities based on the suggested synthesis strategy are presented.
Mapping and sequencing DNA using nanopores and nanodetectors
Authors: Thompson John F. , Oliver John S.
Published: September 2012

Even prior to the introduction of capillary DNA sequencers, nanopores were discussed as a low‐cost, high‐throughput substrate for sequencing. Since then, other next‐generation sequencing technologies have been developed and achieved widespread use, but nanopores have lagged behind due to difficulties in generating usable sequence data. The practical and theoretical issues of translocation speed and signal detection encountered when attempting to sequence DNA with nanopores are discussed. Various methods that different laboratories have used to overcome difficulties in biologically based and solid‐state nanopores are also presented. Different approaches designed to circumvent the overriding issue of detecting signals from individual bases in a time‐resolved manner in nanopores are described. For example, genomic positional sequencing utilizes hybridization of short oligonucleotide probes to very long DNA templates and then detects these probes by variations in current blockade in solid‐state nanodetectors. The positions of the probes relative to each other and relative to the ends of the DNA are determined by measuring the time between current blockade peaks. By assembling many such measurements, it is possible to overcome the problems encountered when attempting to sequence DNA at high speed in nanopores, providing the potential for true de novo sequencing of large genomes on a routine basis.
Proteomic analysis of mice expressing human ApoE demonstrates no differences in global protein solubility between APOE 3 and APOE 4 young mice
Authors: Londono Carolina , DeKroon Robert M. , Mocanu Mihaela , Booe Jessica , Winnik Witold M. , Swank Adam , Osorio Cristina , Hamlett Eric D. , Alzate Oscar
Published: September 2012

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a major lipid carrier protein. In humans, ApoE is expressed in three polymorphic isoforms, which are encoded by three different alleles APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4. In the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, each one of these three allelic isoforms is found in several “isoelectric” protein isoforms (qPI), i.e. protein isoforms resulting from PTMs altering the net charge (q) of the polypeptide. AD is a complex disease in which multiple causes and several risk factors affect the onset and disease outcome. A major risk factor for AD is ApoE4; therefore, it is important to characterize the different ApoE qPIs. We have implemented a detergent‐based method for isolation and quantitation of protein isoforms, and we found differences in the solubility of protein isoforms depending on the type of solvent used. In this manuscript, we describe these methods and applied them to young human‐ApoE targeted replacement mice. Our results indicate that there are no significant differences in the hippocampus proteome of these mice as a function of the APOE genotype.
Culture writes the script: On the centrality of context in indigenous evaluation
Authors: LaFrance Joan , Nichols Richard , Kirkhart Karen E.
Published: September 2012

Context grounds all aspects of indigenous evaluation. From an indigenous evaluation framework (IEF), programs are understood within their relationship to place, setting, and community, and evaluations are planned, undertaken, and validated in relation to cultural context. This chapter describes and explains fundamental elements of IEF epistemology and method and gives several examples of these elements from evaluations in American Indian communities. IEF underscores the importance of putting context ahead of method choice and suggests that context exerts an even greater impact than previously recognized. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Political culture as context for evaluation
Authors: Dahler‐Larsen Peter , Schwandt Thomas A.
Published: September 2012

One way to understand the context of evaluation is in terms of its interaction with political culture. That culture includes citizens' views of the role of government and of evaluation and the history of the polity. This chapter illustrates the relationship of political culture and evaluation by means of two accounts of Danish political culture. The chapter also draws on this analysis to stimulate our thinking on the very idea of how context can be studied. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Focal aberrations indicate EYA2 and hsa‐miR‐375 as oncogene and tumor suppressor in cervical carcinogenesis
Authors: Bierkens Mariska , Krijgsman Oscar , Wilting Saskia M. , Bosch Leontien , Jaspers Annelieke , Meijer Gerrit A. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Snijders Peter J. F. , Ylstra Bauke , Steenbergen Renske D. M.
Published: September 2012

Cervical cancer results from persistent infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). Common genetic aberrations in cervical (pre)cancers encompass large genomic regions with numerous genes, hampering identification of driver genes. This study aimed to identify genes functionally involved in HPV‐mediated transformation by analysis of focal aberrations (<3 Mb) in high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (hgCIN). Focal chromosomal aberrations were determined in high‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization data of 60 hgCIN. Genes located within focal aberrations were validated using 2 external gene expression datasets or qRT‐PCR. Functional roles of candidate genes EYA2 (20q13) and hsa‐miR‐375 (2q35) were studied by siRNA‐mediated knock‐down and overexpression, respectively, in hrHPV‐containing cell lines. We identified 74 focal aberrations encoding 305 genes. Concurrent altered expression in hgCIN and/or cervical carcinomas compared with normal cervical samples was shown for ATP13A3, HES1, OPA1, HRASLS, EYA2, ZMYND8, APOBEC2, and NCR2. Gene silencing of EYA2 significantly reduced viability, migratory capacity, and anchorage‐independent growth of HPV16‐transformed keratinocytes. For hsa‐miR‐375, a direct correlation between a (focal) loss and significantly reduced expression was found. Downregulation of hsa‐miR‐375 expression was confirmed in an independent series of cervical tissues. Ectopic expression of hsa‐miR‐375 in 2 cervical carcinoma cell lines reduced cellular viability. Our data provide a proof of concept that chromosomal aberrations are actively contributing to HPV‐induced carcinogenesis and identify EYA2 and hsa‐miR‐375 as oncogene and tumor suppressor gene, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Common attributes of hydraulically fractured oil and gas production and CO2 geological sequestration
Authors: Nicot Jean‐Philippe , Duncan Ian J.
Published: September 2012

Areal footprints of current and future hydraulically fractured oil and gas reservoirs and potential CO2 geological‐sequestration intervals often overlap in sedimentary basins. Significant vertical separations between prospective subsurface volumes, however, will limit their interaction, particularly if the carbon‐storage site is deeper than the hydrocarbon resource. Recent intense development of shale resources translates into a reduced need for sequestration capacity. It has also resulted in technological innovations directly transferable to the carbon‐storage industry, in particular progress on well completion, such as new approaches to cementing, more mature horizontal drilling methods, and development of field‐treatment techniques for saline water. In addition, knowledge collected by operators on stratigraphy and faults – for example, using 3D seismic – and on abandoned wells is directly useful in reducing risk in future carbon‐storage projects. Both industries can benefit from development of regional transmission pipelines, pipeline rights‐of‐way, and a trained workforce. From a regulatory standpoint, hydraulic fracturing of shale and tight formations is not considered injection. Under the US UIC program, because hydraulically fractured wells fall under the production category, they do not follow the same set of rules for protecting water resources as oil and gas industry disposal wells do (UIC Class II). Both subsurface uses share some risk elements, however. Environmental risks result mostly from abandoned wells and faults, poorly characterized for carbon storage, and from defective well completions and surface spills during oil and gas production. Operators of both fields are also concerned about disposal of large fluid volumes possibly generating seismic events. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
N2O emission and reduction in the electronics manufacturing industries
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jae , Ryu In‐Soo , Moon Seung‐Hyun
Published: September 2012

Electronics manufacturing industries have rapidly developed in South Korea. To reduce the use of fluorinated gases having high global warming potential (GWP) in their processes, companies have recently attempted to replace these gases with nitrous oxide (N2O). Unfortunately, N2O itself has a GWP of 310 and is one of the main greenhouse gases. The electronics manufacturing industries should therefore consider reducing N2O emissions from their processes. This study measured the N2O emission from a large display manufacturing plant in South Korea and investigated the removal of N2O at the site of the plant by either a catalytic decomposition process or a reduction process. We suggest a hybrid N2O reduction process to effectively reduce the N2O emissions of the electronics manufacturing industries. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Transoral en bloc resection of superficial laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers
Authors: Okami Kenji , Ebisumoto Koji , Sakai Akihiro , Sugimoto Ryousuke , Maki Daisuke , Saito Kosuke , Kaneda Shoji , Iida Masahiro , Ogura Go , Nakamura Naoya , Nishiyama Koichiro
Published: September 2012

Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive transoral en bloc resection of superficial pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers.

Methods

Forty‐one superficial lesions (from 35 patients) were resected transorally under a surgical microscope using a monopolar cautery. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using a questionnaire European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ‐H&N35) 1 year after the surgery.

Results

Twenty‐eight hypopharyngeal, 5 oropharyngeal, and 8 laryngeal cancers were operated on using this method. The surgical field was widely exposed with a wide‐caliber scope or extending laryngoscope. A bimanual procedure under a surgical microscope enabled us to achieve en bloc resection. The local control rate was 98%. No postoperative dyspnea or dysphagia was observed. Postoperative QOL scores were favorable.

Conclusions

Our transoral en bloc resection technique can be easily adopted, and it effectively maintained QOL after treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Prognostic significance of expression of cyclooxygenase‐2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epidermal growth factor receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Pan Jianji , Tang Tianlan , Xu Luying , Lu Jiade J. , Lin Senan , Qiu Sufang , Chen Gang , K. Tham Ivan W.
Published: September 2012

Background

The association between expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the long‐term outcomes in treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was studied.

Methods

Expression of COX‐2, VEGF, and EGFR by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was assessed in 128 patients with NPC. Overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), locoregional control, and distant metastasis‐free survival rates were compared for different expression levels of each marker. Multivariate analysis was by the Cox regression model.

Results

Median follow‐up after radiation therapy ± chemotherapy was 116 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that COX‐2, VEGF, EGFR, and clinical stage were all independent predictors for OS, DFS, locoregional control, and distant metastasis–free survival rates.

Conclusions

High expression of COX‐2, VEGF, and EGFR were independent adverse prognostic factors for long‐term outcomes in nonmetastatic NPC independent of clinical stage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Use of molecular biomarkers in FNA specimens to personalize treatment for thyroid surgery
Authors: Mehta Vikas , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Ferris Robert L.
Published: September 2012

Background

Accurate preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules with fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) continues to be a challenge, often resulting in unnecessary diagnostic surgical intervention. The detection of several novel gene mutations in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) over the last decade has led to the diagnostic use of these oncogenic alterations to improve FNAB sensitivity and specificity.

Methods and Results

Thyroid oncogene mutations including BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC are reviewed. The potential benefit of using this panel on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology samples will be described.

Conclusion

Our use of ‘‘reflexive’’ molecular testing demonstrates its clinical value in conjunction with FNAB cytology, representing an application of personalized molecular medicine to guide appropriate surgical therapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1499–1506, 2013