bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Patients Have a Preference for Major Connector Designs?
Authors: Pallegama Ranjith W. , Namano Sunphat , Aridome Kumiko , Baba Kazuyoshi , Purnaveja Supaboon , Ohyama Takashi
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this research was to evaluate patients. preferences for resin analogs of four major connector designs formulated to have equal rigidity once fabricated in the same alloy

Methods and Materials

Nineteen Kennedy Class I or II partially edentulous patients participated at two centers. The four major connector analogs (MCAs) were fabricated for each subject using light-polymerizing acrylic resin. The subjects were asked to wear each of them in the mouth for 30 seconds in six pairs in random order, and to report their preference for each pair. Based on these data, the four analogs were ranked in a descending preference order for each patient. Within-subject comparisons preferences were performed with the Friedman test, and the multiple comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for data of each sample independently.

Results

Statistically significant and consistent preference orders were revealed for both samples, and the thin and wide design was significantly preferred to the thick and narrow design. However, a higher variation was observed for the first preference of each subject.

Conclusions

Subjects demonstrated a tendency to prefer thinner MCAs. However, the individual predilections of patients may not be an appropriate basis for an attempt to find a .best design. applicable to all patients.

Citation

Pallegama RW, Namano S, Aridome K, Baba K, Purnaveja S, Ohyama T. Do Patients Have a Preference for Major Connector Designs? J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 November;(7)5:071-079.
Factors Influencing Tooth Shade Selection for Completely Edentulous Patients
Authors: Esan Temitope Ayodeji , Olusile Adeyemi Oluniyi , Akeredolu Patricial Adetokunbo
Published: July 2019

Aim

There is limited scientific information on the relationship between tooth shade, age, gender, and skin color in black Africans. This lack of knowledge may impact the ability of the prosthodontist to select artificial teeth for completely edentulous patients. This study explores the possibility of a relationship between tooth shade, gender, age, and skin color in a black African population.

Methods and Materials

A total of 212 individuals aged 15 to 79 years participated in this study. One investigator, calibrated for examining tooth shade, performed all examinations. A Vita-Lumin shade guide was used to examine either the maxillary right or left central incisor. One had to be sound for inclusion in the study. Tooth shades were divided into two categories according to value, and skin tones were divided into two categories (light, and dark). Chi-square analysis and Fisher's exact tests were used to analyze the data (P< 05).

Results

No statistically significant difference was found between tooth shade and skin color and the subjects’ perception of their tooth shade. However, a statistically significant difference was found between age and tooth shade (P<.001). There was also a statistically significant difference in tooth shade between men and women.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, tooth shade value and skin color were not related. However, older adults and men are more likely to have darker teeth.

Citation

Esan TA, Olusile AO, Akeredolu PA. Factors Influencing Tooth Shade Selection for Completely Edentulous Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 November;(7)5:080-087.
A Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Root Canal Wall Cleanliness after Calcium Hydroxide Removal Using Three Irrigation Regimens
Authors: Naaman Alfred , Medioni Etienne , Kaloustian Hrant , Ounsi Hani Fouad , Abboud Nada Naaman-Bou , Ricci Catherine
Published: July 2019

Aims

The aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate debris and smear layer elimination capability effectiveness of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) after calcium hydroxide removal from the root canal and to determine if ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid have any additional effects on debris and smear layer removal.

Methods and Materials

All irrigation regimens are associated with ultrasonics. Thirty-six pulpless single-rooted teeth were divided into three groups on the basis of the irrigation regimen, namely 5.25% NaOCl alone, 5.25% NaOCl with 17% EDTA pH 7 (NaOCl-EDTA), and 5.25% NaOCl with 50% citric acid (NaOCl-CA). All root canals were instrumented with the Protaper® rotary system (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using a crowndown approach. The apical foramen of each tooth was enlarged to a size 30 with a 0.09 taper. After longitudinal sectioning, the dentin walls were microphotographed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at a 1500X magnification. Using a grid and a 5-step scale these microphotographs were scored by three investigators in order to evaluate debris and smear layer residuals. Data were statistically evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.

Results

In the coronal third the lowest score obtained with NaOCl-CA was similar to NaOCl-EDTA. When using NaOCl-EDTA, mean debris scores were similar to the control group (NaOCl) and lower than NaOCl-CA in the middle and apical thirds. Regarding the mean smear layer score, NaOCl-CA was the lowest in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds with a statistically significant difference (p< 0.001).

Conclusion

When the total surface of the root was evaluated, NaOCl-EDTA was superior in removing debris, but the association of NaOCl-CA enabled the most effective removal of the smear layer.

Citation

Naaman A, Kaloustian H, Ounsi HF, Naaman-Bou Abboud N, Ricci C, Medioni E. A Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Root Canal Wall Cleanliness after Calcium Hydroxide Removal Using Three Irrigation Regimens. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:011-018.
Fracture Resistance of Various Temporary Crown Materials
Authors: Yilmaz Asude , Baydaş Seyfettin
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of various provisional crown materials using anin vitromodel test system.

Methods and Materials

In the present study polycarbonate crowns, prefabricated by the manufacturer (3M Polycarbonate Crown), and the temporary crowns, fabricated in the dental laboratory environment, were fabricated using bis-acryl composite (Protemp II), autopolymerizing PMMA resin (BISICO Temp S), and heatpolymerized PMMA resin (Major C&B-V Dentine). All temporary crowns were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at room temperature prior to testing. The crowns were seated on metal dies, fabricated from Cr-Co alloy (AZ Dental, Konstanz, Germany), and then tested using the indenter of a Hounsfield testing machine (Hounsfield Tensometer, Hounsfield Test Equipment, Raydon, England). The tip of the indenter was located at a position one-third of the way down the inciso-palatine surface at 135°. The data were statistically analyzed for differences using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD test (P<.05). Additionally, the types of failure obtained from the fracture load test were examined using 10X magnification with a stereo microscope.

Results

The results of the present study indicated polycarbonate crowns were significantly different from the BISICO Temp S, Protemp II, and Major C&B-V Dentine (P<.05) groups.

Conclusion

Thisin vitrostudy shows polycarbonate crowns may be preferable to the other types of temporary crowns used in this study.

Citation

Yilmaz A, Baydaş S. Fracture Resistance of Various Temporary Crown Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:044-051.
Gap Formation between Different Cavity Walls and Resin Composite Systems on Primary and Permanent Teeth
Authors: Tulunoglu Ozlem , Ulker Asli Evren
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of five self-etching and etch-rinse dentin-bonding agents in achieving a gap-free adaptation between the restorative material and the dentin in primary and permanent teeth.

Methods and Materials

Gaps located at the restoration dentin interface were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

There were more gaps on the corner of the cavities, but no significant difference was detected between different cavity walls (p>0,05). Statistical results of the SEM analysis revealed fewer gaps in the restorations made with self-etching dentin bonding agents than etch-rinse agents at the restoration-dentin interface in both primary and permanent teeth.

Conclusion

Self-etching bonding systems were preferable in primary and permanent teeth according to the results of this study. However, further studies should be conducted to determine a favorable strategy to eliminate the gaps on the corners of cavities and maintain a gap-free adaptation between resin composite and tooth structure.

Citation

Tulunoglu O, Ulker AE. Gap Formation between Different Cavity Walls and Resin Composite Systems on Primary and Permanent Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:060-069.
Epidermoid Cyst of the Buccal Mucosa: A Case Report
Authors: Ozan Fatih , Polat Hidayet Burak , Ay Sinan , Goze Fahrettin
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this article is to describe a rare case of an epidermoid cyst in the buccal cheek region and a review of the literature.

Background

Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are developmental pathologies occurring in the head and neck region with an incidence ranging from 1.6% to 6.9%, and both cysts reported in less than 0.01% of all oral cavity cysts.

Report

A rare case of an epidermoid cyst originating from the buccal mucosa in a 38-year-old woman with a complaint of swelling and facial asymmetry in the left cheek just distal to the commissure for six months is presented in this report.

Citation

Ozan F, Polat HB, Ay S, Goze F. Epidermoid Cyst of the Buccal Mucosa: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 March;(8)3:090-096.
Plasma Cell Gingivitis Among Herbal Toothpaste Users: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Anil Sukumaran
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this article is to present a brief review of plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) along with reports of three cases with varying clinical presentations of the condition associated with the use of herbal toothpaste.

Background

PCG is a rare benign condition of the gingiva characterized by sharply demarcated erythematous and edematous gingivitis often extending to the mucogingival junction. This is considered a hypersensitive reaction. The histological appearance consists of a dense infiltration of normal plasma cells separated by collagenous stroma, usually confined to the free and attached gingiva. The lesion can be eliminated by identifying and avoiding the source of the allergen.

Report

Three patients ages 26, 27, and 36, respectively, presented with acutely inflamed gingival and a history of recently switching to herbal toothpaste. The gingiva bled readily on probing. Blood tests and gingival biopsy were not contributory. Patients were advised to refrain from the use of herbal toothpaste, and, along with periodontal treatment, the condition underwent remission within a week to two weeks in all three cases.

As more and more herbal products are gaining popularity, clinicians should be aware of some of the untoward effects of these products. Since PCG mimics lesions associated with leukemia and myeloma an early diagnosis of the condition is vital.

Citation

Anil S. Plasma Cell Gingivitis Among Herbal Toothpaste Users: A Report of Three Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 May;(8)4:060-066.
An Anticalculus Dentifrice with Sodium Hexametaphosphate and Stannous Fluoride: A Six-month Study of Efficacy
Authors: Winston J. Leslie , Schiff Thomas , Fiedler Susan K. , Baker Robert A.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To compare the anticalculus efficacy of an experimental dentifrice (0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride/ sodium hexametaphosphate) with a negative control.

Methods and Materials

This was a randomized, examiner-blind, parallel group study. After a three-month run-in, qualifying subjects were randomized to the experimental or control dentifrice to use twice a day for six months. Volpe-Manhold Index (V-MI) and oral soft tissue examinations were conducted at baseline, three, and six months. Additional analyses were performed separately at three and six months on three subgroups categorized into high, medium, and low calculus-forming subjects.

Results

Compared to the control group, the experimental dentifrice group had a mean calculus score statistically significantly lower at both three months (50%) and six months (55%) post-treatment (p<0.001). Compared to control scores, mean experimental dentifrice calculus scores at three and six months were statistically significantly lower at both points in time for high, medium, and low calculus forming sub-groups (p<0.001). Both products were generally well tolerated.

Conclusion

The experimental dentifrice revealed significant anticalculus efficacy compared to the control regardless of levels of baseline calculus formation.

Clinical Significance

The stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice technology is an effective calculus inhibitor for home care.

Citation

Winston JL, Fiedler SK, Schiff T, Baker RA. An Anticalculus Dentifrice with Sodium Hexametaphosphate and Stannous Fluoride: A Six-month Study of Efficacy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:001-008.
The Influence of Temperature on the Efficacy of Polymerization of Composite Resin
Authors: Awliya Wedad Y.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperatures on the efficacy of polymerization during the insertion of composite resin using different light curing units.

Methods and Materials

A total of 45 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated from Z250 composite resin (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) with 15 each prepared at three different temperatures (refrigerated to 5°C, room temperature at 25°C, and preheated to 37°C). Each of these temperature-controlled specimen groups of 15 were then subdivided into three groups of five specimens, according to the type of curing light used to polymerize them. Curing lights included a conventional halogen light (QTH) in two modes (continuous and softstart polymerization) and a light emitting diode (LED). The microhardness of the top and bottom surfaces of the specimens was determined using a Buehler Micromet II digital microhardness tester (Buehler, Dusseldorf, Germany). Data obtained was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Post Hoc Tukey's test at a 0.05 significance level.

Results

As the temperature of composite resin increased, the top and bottom microhardness of the specimens also increased regardless of the type of polymerizing light used. The LED light produced a significantly better hardness on top and bottom surfaces of composite resin specimens polymerized at the three different temperatures. Effectiveness of cure at top and bottom surfaces of composite specimens was significantly reduced by using soft-start curing.

Conclusion

The use of pre-warmed composite resins might help to improve polymerization of composite resin especially at the deeper areas of a restoration which could result in an increase in the expected life of a composite restoration.

Citation

Awliya WY. The Influence of Temperature on the Efficacy of Polymerization of Composite Resin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 September; (8)6:009-016.
The Erosive Potential of Soft Drinks on Enamel Surface Substrate: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation
Authors: Owens Barry M. , Kitchens Michael
Published: July 2019

Aim

Using scanning electron and light microscopy, this study qualitatively evaluated the erosive potential of carbonated cola beverages as well as sports and high-energy drinks on enamel surface substrate.

Methods and Materials

Beverages used in this study included: Coca Cola Classic®, Diet Coke®, Gatorade® sports drink, Red Bull® high-energy drink, and tap water (control). Extracted human permanent molars free of hypocalcification and/or caries were used in this study. The coronal portion of each tooth was removed and sectioned longitudinally from the buccal to the lingual surface. The crown sections were embedded in acrylic resin, leaving the enamel surfaces exposed. Following finishing and polishing of all surfaces, one side was covered with red nail varnish while the remaining side was exposed to individual beverage immersion for 14 days, 24 hours per day, at 37°C. The specimens were evaluated for enamel surface changes using scanning electron and light microscopy.

Results

Enamel specimens exhibited visual surface changes following immersion in the test beverages with Red Bull® and Gatorade® revealing the most striking surface morphological changes. Specimens subjected to Coca Cola Classic® and Diet Coke® immersion also displayed irregular post-treatment surface morphology.

Conclusions

As verified by microscopic evaluation, all test beverages displayed enamel dissolution in the following order: Red Bull®>Gatorade®>Coca-Cola Classic®>Diet Coke®.

Citation

Owens BM, Kitchens M. The Erosive Potential of Soft Drinks on Enamel Surface Substrate: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:011-020.
Temperature Rise Produced by Different Light-curing Units through Dentin
Authors: Yazici A. Rüya , Kugel Gerard , Müftü Ali
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study investigated the temperature rise caused by different light curing units and the temperature increase in dentin of different thicknesses.

Methods and Materials

Dentin discs of 1.0 and 2.0 mm thicknesses were prepared from extracted human mandibular molars. Temperatures were recorded directly at the surface of the light guide tip, under dentin discs with different thicknesses, and through a sandwich composed of 2 mm thick cured composite and dentin using a K-type thermocouple. The curing units used were two quartz-tungsten-halogen lights (Spectrum and Elipar Trilight-ET) and a light-emitting diode (LED).

Results

The highest temperature rise was observed under a Mylar strip using ET standard mode. Under 1 and 2 mm thick dentin barriers, the lowest temperature rise was measured for the LED curing light. Significant differences in temperature rise existed among all curing units except between the Spectrum and ET exponential modes under a 1 mm thick dentin barrier with cured composite. Temperature rises were insignificant between the Spectrum and ET exponential modes and between two modes of Trilight when the same experimental setup was used under a 2 mm thick dentin barrier.

Conclusion

For all curing units, temperature elevation through 2 mm of dentin was less than for 1 mm of dentin thickness. The ET standard mode produced the highest and the LED produced the lowest temperature rise for all tested conditions. The thickness of dentin and light-curing unit might affect temperature transmission.

Citation

Yazici AR, Müftü A, Kugel G. Temperature Rise Produced by Different Light-curing Units through Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:021-028.
Effect of a Resin-based Desensitizing Agent and a Self-etching Dentin Adhesive on Marginal Leakage of Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Alavi Samin , Ghavamnasiri Marjaneh , Alavi Mohammad
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal leakage of Class II amalgam restorations whose preparations were lined with a resin-based desensitizing agent, a self-etching adhesive system, and copal varnish.

Methods and Materials

Fifty-six freshly extracted human premolar teeth were divided into four groups. A Class II preparation was prepared with only a proximal box on the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth. The cavities in one group were lined with a desensitizing agent (VivaSens™) and a second group with an adhesive (Clearfil S3 Bond™). A third group was lined with copal varnish (Copalite™) and a fourth group was used as the control without any cavity liner. Spherical high copper amalgam was hand-condensed into each preparation, specimens were thermocycled, stained, and sectioned. Microleakage was graded using a stereomicroscope. Microleakage scores were calculated and analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and the Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05).

Results

Less microleakage was indicated with the VivaSens™ liner when compared with the other groups (P<0. 05). Clearfil S3 Bond™ showed less microleakage than the control group (P<0.05), but the leakage with copal varnish and Clearfil S3 Bond™ was similar (P>0.05).

Conclusion

VivaSens™ reduced the microleakage of Class II high copper amalgam restorations significantly more than the Clearfil S3 Bond™ and copal varnish.

Citation

Ghavamnasiri M, Alavi M, Alavi S. Effect of a Resin-based Desensitizing Agent and a Self-etching Dentin Adhesive on Marginal Leakage of Amalgam Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:054-061.
Evaluation of the Effect of Different Ferrule Designs on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Central Incisors Incorporating Fiber Posts, Composite Cores and Crown Restorations
Authors: Ozel Emre , Dikbas Idil , Tanalp Jale , Koksal Temel , Ersoy Mustafa
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors restored with quartz fiber posts, composite cores, and crowns when different types of ferrule designs were incorporated.

Methods and Materials

Sixty maxillary incisors were divided into six groups: Group 1 (control): teeth with root canal treatments having a full crown prosthesis; Group 2: teeth with a 2 mm circumferential ferrule; Group 3: teeth with a 2 mm ferrule only in the vestibular region; Group 4: teeth with a 2 mm ferrule only in the palatal region; Group 5: teeth with a 2 mm ferrule in the vestibular and palatal region, having cavities in both proximal areas; and Group 6: teeth with no ferrule. The teeth in the experimental groups were restored with quartz fiber posts-composite cores and full metallic crowns. All experimental teeth were subjected to an increasing compressive force with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, until fracture occurred.

Results

The median fracture values of groups were as follows: Group 1: 574.4 N, Group 2: 472.4 N, Group 3: 474.3 N, Group 4: 480.7 N, Group 5: 463.1 N, and Group 6: 297.9 N. A statistically significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 6 (p< 0.01).

Conclusion

It was concluded different ferrule designs did not have any influence on the fracture resistance of teeth with fiber posts. The results of this study indicate fiber posts can safely be used for their reinforcing properties. Furthermore, there is no significant change in the resistance of teeth with fiber posts regardless of which ferrule design is incorporated. The property of these types of posts is an additional advantage in clinical practice.

Citation

Dikbas I, Tanalp J, Ozel E, Koksal T, Ersoy M. Evaluation of the Effect of Different Ferrule Designs on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Central Incisors Incorporating Fiber Posts, Composite Cores and Crown Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:062-069.
An Accessory Mental Foramen: A Case Report
Authors: Çağirankaya Leyla Berna , Kansu Hilmi
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this article is to present a case of an accessory mental foramen (AMF).

Background

The mental foramen is an important anatomical structure of particular importance in local anesthesia and surgical procedures in terms of achieving effective mandibular nerve blocks and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles. Although rare, multiple mental foramina have been described in humans. In these cases one foramen is termed the mental foramen and the others are referred to as an AMF.

Report

A 62-year-old woman presented for a routine dental examination. In addition to the normal radiographic image of the mental foramen, periapical radiographs of the left mandibular premolar and molar region revealed a round-shaped radiolucency with distinct borders along with an inferior extension below the apex of the mesial root of the first molar. This image was considered to be an AMF.

Although no surgical operation was planned, the patient was informed about the existence and importance of the anatomical variation with regard to the need for local anesthesia, diagnosis of periapical disease, and the prevention of nerve damage during surgery in that area of the mandible.

Citation

Çağirankaya LB, Kansu HK. An Accessory Mental Foramen: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:098-104.
Comparison of the Effect of Hydrogel and a Solution of Sodium Ascorbate on Dentincomposite Bond Strength After Bleaching
Authors: Kimyai Soodabeh , Valizadeh Hadi
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of solution and different sodium ascorbate hydrogels on dentin-resin composite shear bond strength subsequent to a bleaching procedure with 10% carbamide peroxide.

Methods and Materials

Sixty buccal dentin surfaces obtained from intact human third molars were randomly divided into five groups (n=12). Dentin surfaces received different treatments: (1) no treatment; (2) bleaching (10% carbamide peroxide gel); (3) bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate solution; (4) bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate hydrogel, and (5) bleaching + 20% sodium ascorbate hydrogel. Dentin surfaces were bonded with Single Bond™ and restored with a composite (Z100). The samples were tested for shear bond strengths. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests.

Results

Significantly higher bond strengths were observed subsequent to treatment with hydrogel and solution forms of sodium ascorbate (p<0.05). No significant differences were demonstrated between different forms of sodium ascorbate preparations. In addition, no significant differences were observed among groups with antioxidant treatment (Groups 3, 4, and 5) and Group 1 (no treatment).

Conclusion

Reduced bond strength to bleached dentin can be amended by the use of sodium ascorbate as an antioxidant.

Clinical Significance

Both hydrogel and solution forms of sodium ascorbate can significantly improve the reduced bond strength of resin composite to dentin subsequent to a bleaching procedure with 10% carbamide peroxide.

Citation

Kimyai S, Valizadeh H. Comparison of the Effect of Hydrogel and a Solution of Sodium Ascorbate on Dentin-composite Bond Strength After Bleaching. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:105-112.
Dental Caries in Relation to Salivary Factors in Saudi Population Groups
Authors: Farsi Najat
Published: July 2019

Aims

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to register caries trends in relation to some risk factors such as oral hygiene, salivary level of streptococcus mutans (SM), lactobacilli (LB), yeast, salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, pH, and fluoride level among different age groups of a Saudi population. The study also aimed at determining which of the salivary factors correlate significantly to caries.

Methods and Materials

A random sample of 312 subjects belonging to age groups six-11, 12-17, and 18-40 years were selected from patients attending the screening dental clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Patients were examined clinically to measure the caries experience using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and oral hygiene levels using the Green and Vermillion method. Resting and stimulated saliva were collected to determine flow rate, fluoride, pH, buffering capacity as well as salivary level of SM, LB and yeast.

Results

The mean DMFT was 7.59. Females as well as the older age group of patients were more affected than males and younger patients. The only salivary factor showing a significant relationship to caries was pH. Counts of SM and LB correlated positively with DMFT scores. Significant higher plaque scores were present among the highest caries level group.

Conclusion

The results stress the importance of screening for caries risk factors. The screening starts with simple clinical observations, expanding to a diversified pattern of tests to assess the pH level and SM and LB counts designed to target high-risk subjects who should be given the most intensive caries preventive measures.

Citation

Farsi N. Dental Caries in Relation to Salivary Factors in Saudi Population Groups. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:016-023.
The Effect of Topical Application of Pure Honey on Radiation-induced Mucositis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Motallebnejad M. , Akram S. , Moghadamnia A. , Moulana Z. , Omidi S.
Published: July 2019

Aim

Radiation-induced mucositis is an early effect of head and neck radiotherapy. Mucositis can cause ulcers, and patients may experience pain and dysphasia which need treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of pure natural honey on radiation induced mucositis.

Methods and Materials

In this randomized single blind (examiner blind) clinical trial 40 patients with head and neck cancer requiring radiation to the oropharyngeal mucosa were randomly assigned to two groups. Twenty patients assigned to the study group received honey, while both the study and control groups received standard head and neck radiation therapy based on a standard protocol. In the study group patients were instructed to take 20 ml of honey 15 minutes before radiation therapy, then again at intervals of 15 minutes and six hours after radiation. In the control group patients were instructed to rinse with 20 ml of saline before and after radiation. Patients were evaluated weekly for progression of mucositis using the Oral Mucositis Assessing Scale (OMAS). Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Friedman tests.

Results

A significant reduction in mucositis among honey-received patients compared with controls (p=0.000) occurred.

Conclusion

Within the limits of this study the results showed the application of natural honey is effective in managing radiation induced mucositis.

Clinical Significance

Natural honey is a product with rich nutritional qualities that could be a pleasant, simple, and economic modality for the management of radiation mucositis.

Citation

Motallebnejad M, Akram S, Moghadamnia A, Moulana Z, Omidi S. The Effect of Topical Application of Pure Honey on Radiation-induced Mucositis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:040-047.
Review of Over-the-counter Treatments for Aphthous Ulceration and Results from Use of a Dissolving Oral Patch Containing Glycyrrhiza Complex Herbal Extract
Authors: Burgess Jeff , Van der Ven Peter , Martin Michael , Sherman Jeffrey , Haley Jeff
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this article is to present a review of over-the-counter (OTC) treatment strategies used for aphthous ulcerations and to provide results from the use of an herbal extract containing glycyrrhiza.

Background

Aphthous ulceration, a disease of the intra-oral mucosa, is a common condition of unknown etiology that is often self-managed by OTC (no prescription required) medication.

Review

Preparations currently on the market can be divided into several categories: local anesthetic agents, oxygenating agents, mouth rinses, and barriers - further subdivided into paste coverings such as gels or dissolvable or non-dissolvable adhesive patches containing plant extract or synthetic drugs. Other strategies include herbs, hematinic replacement, or off-label OTC drug applications. While many OTC treatments are available and accepted for use with aphthous ulceration, a review of the literature via a number of published research search engines suggests that to date there are no randomized controlled studies to demonstrate OTC preparations do more than manage symptoms. Exceptions include OTC cyanoacrylate products and CankerMelts® GX patches which include glycyrrhiza (licorice) extract. The use of CankerMelts has been shown to alter the course of the condition by reducing lesion duration, size, and pain.

The results of the studies reviewed here suggest CankerMelts GX discs may be as effective as amlexanox (which must be prescribed) in reducing pain and speeding healing. In addition it can be applied by the patient without the adverse events associated with cyanoacrylate formulations.

Citation

Burgess J, van der Ven P, Martin M, Sherman J, Haley J. Review of Over-the-counter Treatments for Aphthous Ulceration and Results from Use of a Dissolving Oral Patch Containing Glycyrrhiza Complex Herbal Extract. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:088-098.
Effect of Storage Time on the Accuracy of Casts Made from Different Irreversible Hydrocolloids
Authors: Sedda Maurizio , Casarotto Andrea , Raustia Aune , Borracchini Andrea
Published: July 2019

Aim

Several new irreversible hydrocolloid formulations have recently become available with claims of an improved dimensional stability by the manufacturers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of casts made from alginate impression materials poured immediately and after specific storage periods.

Methods and Materials

Five alginates were tested: CA 37 (Cavex); Jeltrate (Dentsply Caulk); Jeltrate Plus (Dentsply Latin America); Hydrogum 5 (Zhermack); and Alginoplast (Heraeus Kulzer). A master model was mounted on a special device and used to obtain the impressions. These impressions were stored at 23°C and 100% relative humidity, then poured with gypsum immediately, and again after 24, 72 and 120 hours. The casts were measured and the data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test at p<0.05.

Results

The dimensional stability of the alginate impressions was both material and time dependent (p<0.05). After 24 hours of storage, only Alginoplast and Hydrogum 5 comply with the master model (p>0.05). After 72 and 120 hours, only Hydrogum 5 was dimensionally stable (p>0.05).

Conclusion

The dimensional stability of the alginate impressions is influenced by the selected material and the storage time.

Clinical Significance

Alginate impressions should generally be poured immediately. However, some new types of alginate may have the pouring delayed.

Citation

Sedda M, Casarotto A, Raustia A, Borracchini A. Effect of Storage Time on the Accuracy of Casts Made from Different Irreversible Hydrocolloids. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:059-066.
Evaluation of Tissue Reaction to Some Denture-base Materials: An Animal Study
Authors: Ebadian Behnaz , Razavi Mohammad , Soleimanpour Solmaz , Mosharraf Ramin
Published: July 2019

Aim

Controversy continues regarding the biocompatibility of denture base materials. One method to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials is in an animal study. Using dogs as subjects, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the vestibular tissue reaction to cobalt chromium (Co-Cr), heat cure acrylic resin, and acrylic resin mixed with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) compared with a control group using the histopathologic method.

Methods and Materials

Twelve disk shape samples (2 mm × 8 mm) in four groups of Co-Cr, acrylic resin, acrylic resin mixed with a 20% weight ratio of Al2O3, and a control group (Teflon) were fabricated. In one stage surgery two samples of each material (8 samples) was implanted in the buccal vestibule of each dog (n=6), subcutaneously. At 45 and 90-day intervals, half of the samples were excised along with peripheral tissue to assess the presence of inflammation by grading on a scale from 0 to 3 and the presence of a fibrotic capsule using histological observations. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Tau b Kendal tests.

Results

Tissue reaction between Co-Cr and the control group was significant (P=0.02), but it was not significant between other groups. There was no significant difference between the 45 and 90-day postinsertion samples. The formation of fibrotic capsule groups was significant (P=0.01). It was significant between the Co-Cr and acrylic resin groups (P=0.01) and the acrylic resin and control groups (P=0.01).

Conclusion

The Co-Cr group was more toxic than the other groups. The inflammation increased during time. The inflammation in two acrylic groups was greater than the control and less than the Co-Cr group. The formation of fibrotic capsule, except in the acrylic resin with Al2O3 group, increased over time.

Clinical Significance

Co-Cr alloys are toxic and can produce damage to living tissue. Heat cure acrylic resin materials have less toxicity, and their use is safer than Co-Cr alloys.

Citation

Ebadian B, Razavi M, Soleimanpour S, Mosharraf R. Evaluation of Tissue Reaction to Some Denture-base Materials: An Animal Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:067-074.
Ozone Therapy in Medicine and Dentistry
Authors: Nogales Carlos Goes , Ferrari Patricia Helena , Kantorovich Efraim Olszawer , Lage-Marques José Luiz
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this review is to present the potential for the incorporation of ozone therapy into the practice of dentistry.

Background

Ozone gas has a high oxidation potential and is 1.5 times greater than chloride when used as an antimicrobial agent against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It also has the capacity to stimulate blood circulation and the immune response. Such features justify the current interest in its application in medicine and dentistry and have been indicated for the treatment of 260 different pathologies. It can be used for the treatment of alveolitis as a replacement for antibiotic therapy, as a mouthwash for reducing the oral microflora, as well as the adherence of microorganisms to tooth surfaces. Ozone has been shown to stimulate remineralization of recent caries-affected teeth after a period of about six to eight weeks.

Conclusion

The future of ozone therapy must focus on the establishment of safe and well-defined parameters in accordance with randomized, controlled trials to determine the precise indications and guidelines in order to treat various medical and dental pathologies. Scientific support, as suggested by demonstrated studies, for ozone therapy presents a potential for an atraumatic, biologically-based treatment for conditions encountered in dental practice.

Citation

Nogales CG, Ferrari PA, Kantorovich EO, Lage-Marques JL. Ozone Therapy in Medicine and Dentistry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:075-084.
Smear Layer Removal and Collagen Fiber Exposure Using Tetracycline Hydrochloride Conditioning
Authors: Dantas Andrea Abi Rached , de Paula Ishi Eduardo , Batista Luiz Henrique Carvalho , Onofre Mirian Aparecida , Sampaio José Eduardo C.
Published: July 2019

Aim

Smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure may improve periodontal treatment and regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure after tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC) application on root surfaces using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Methods and Materials

Root cementum was removed with diamond burs followed by scaling and root planning. Four hundred fifty samples were divided into ten groups: a control (saline application) and nine different TTC concentrations were applied at doses of 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, and 250 mg/ml. The TTC application was performed in all groups in three different ways (passive, brushing, and burnishing) and at three different periods of conditioning (1, 2, and 3 minutes). A previously trained, calibrated, and blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs of the samples using Sampaio's index (2005). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis’ and Dunn's tests.

Results

The concentrations of 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL applied by burnishing were the most effective in smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure. Both the passive mode of application (p=0.0001) and 1 minute period of application (p=0.002) were the least effective.

Conclusions

The concentrations of 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL applied by burnishing during 2 or 3 minutes were the most effective.

Clinical Significance

These parameters may be applied in periodontal procedures involving TTC root conditioning to optimize results.

Citation

Ishi EP, Dantas AAR, Batista LHC, Onofre MA, Sampaio JEC. Smear Layer Removal and Collagen Fiber Exposure Using Tetracycline Hydrochloride Conditioning. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:025-033.
An Analysis of the Etiological and Predisposing Factors Related to Dentin Hypersensitivity
Authors: Oginni Adeleke O. , Bamise Cornelius T. , Olusile Adeyemi O.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To determine the prevalence of different etiological factors of dentin hypersensitivity in patients and to provide information on their association with dentin hypersensitivity.

Methods and Materials

Twenty-nine patients (17 male, 12 female) suffering from pain of dentin hypersensitivity were recruited to participate in the study. A relevant history was taken and dentin hypersensitivity confirmed by using air-blast and tactile stimuli.

Results

All patients were right-handed. The left side of the mouth showed a preponderance of gingival recession, abrasion, abfraction, and erosion while more teeth on the right side showed attrition. Gingival recession and attrition were common among the molars, abrasions among the molars and premolars, abfraction among the premolars, while erosive lesions were predominantly found among the incisors.

A total of 911 teeth were examined in the 29 subjects presenting with dentin hypersensitivity. The following conditions were found to be associated with the dentin hypersensitivity: 43 of 117 teeth (36.8%) with gingival recession; 41 of 99 teeth (41.4%) with attrition; 40 of 67 teeth (59.7%) with abrasion; 16 of 25 teeth (64%) with abfraction; and 32 teeth had erosive lesions all associated with hypersensitivity.

Conclusion

Gingival recessions followed by attrition were the most commonly found etiological factors leading to dentin hypersensitivity. Erosive lesions were mostly associated with dentin hypersensitivity. A statistically significant relationship exists between dentin hypersensitivity, tooth wear lesions, and gingival recession.

Clinical Significance

This study provides clinical evidence supporting the notion of dentin hypersensitivity being a tooth wear phenomenon. Therefore, successful preventive and management strategies for sufferers of dentin hypersensitivity must take into consideration causal factors for tooth wear and gingival recession.

Citation

Bamise CT, Olusile AO, Oginni AO. An Analysis of the Etiological and Predisposing Factors Related to Dentin Hypersensitivity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:052-059.
Preparedness for Management of Medical Emergencies Among Dentists in Udupi and Mangalore, India
Authors: Gupta Tanupriya , Aradhya M.R. Shankar , Anup N.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the preparedness for management of medical emergencies among dentists in the cities of Udupi and Mangalore in India.

Methods and Materials

A self-administered questionnaire was completed by the dental teaching hospital faculty members and private dental practitioners in Udupi and Mangalore, India.

Results

Less than half (42.1%) of the dentists reported having received practical training in management of medical emergencies during their undergraduate and postgraduate education. Only about one-third of the respondents felt competent in performing mouth-to-mouth breathing (39.3%), cardiac compression (35.2%), foreign body obstruction relief (32.8%), and in administering IV drugs (34.5%) or supplemental oxygen (27.4%). The most commonly available emergency drugs in treatment areas were oral glucose (82.2%) and adrenaline (65.8%). However, less than one-fourth of the respondents had the following on hand in their treatment facility: oxygen (24.0%), an AMBU bag (17.1%), pocket mask (13.0%), bronchodilator spray (24.7%), diazepam (20.5%), aspirin (20.5%), and glyceryl trinitrate (17.8%). Less than half (39%) of the respondents reported having clinical staff members trained to assist in emergency recognition and management and only 5.8% carried out emergency drills in their workplace.

Conclusion

Preparedness for management of medical emergencies was found to be inadequate among the surveyed dentists.

Clinical significance

The results of the study emphasize the need for improvement of the training of practicing dentists in the management of medical emergencies at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education levels as well as the need for organization of the dental workplace to handle such emergencies.

Citation

Gupta T, Aradhya S, Anup N. Preparedness for Management of Medical Emergencies Among Dentists in Udupi and Mangalore, India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:092-099.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in a Residual Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Muğlali Mehtap , Sumer Ayse Pinar
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this report is to present a case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from a mandibular residual cyst.

Background

Although rare, SCC may arise in the epithelial lining of odontogenic cysts. The diagnosis of the development of carcinoma from the cyst lining can only be established by histopatologic examination.

Report

A case of SCC arising from a mandibular residual cyst in a 55-year-old man is presented along with a discussion of the critical elements needed for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

The development of SCC from residual cysts is rare but should always be considered in the differential diagnosis. This case report clearly demonstrates the importance of clinician awareness of the malignant potential of apparently innocuous cystic lesions. It also underscores the importance of a careful histological examination and the necessity of obtaining biopsy materials from various areas to prevent a misdiagnosis of large-sized cysts.

Citation

Muglali M, Sumer AP. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in a Residual Cyst: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 September; (9)6:115-121.
Histologic Study of the Effect of Laser Therapy on Bone Repair
Authors: Pozza Daniel Humberto , de Oliveira Marilia Gerhardt , Blaya Diego Segatto , Guimarães Micéli Beck , Weber João Batista Blessmann
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study used histologic analysis and HE staining to evaluate laser biomodulation of bone repair in cavities made in the femurs of rats that underwent non-ablative laser irradiation.

Methods and Materials

Eighteen male Wistar rats weighing 300 to 400 grams were randomly assigned to three groups of six animals each. A surgical defect site was produced with a trephine about 2 mm in diameter under abundant irrigation. In Group I the complete surgical protocol to produce a bone defect was followed but without laser radiation (control). In Group II a continuous wave 830 nm infrared laser was used at 10 J/cm2 and 50 mW at each point of the surgical site. In Group III a continuous wave 685 nm infrared laser at 10J/cm2 and 35 mW was used at each point of surgical site. The animals were irradiated at intervals of 48 hours beginning immediately after the preparation of the defect and were sacrificed on the 15th, 21st, and 30th days. Slides were studied by means of descriptive analysis.

Results

Greater degrees of new bone formation and vertical regeneration were found in the irradiated groups than in the control group.

Conclusion

Laser therapy in this study protocol was efficient in promoting bone repair.

Clinical Significance

The use of laser technology has been used to improve the clinical results of bone surgeries and to promote a more comfortable postoperative period and quicker healing.

Citation

Blaya DS, Guimarães MB, Pozza DH, Weber JBB, de Oliveira MG. Histologic Study of the Effect of Laser Therapy on Bone Repair. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 September; (9)6:041-048.