bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventive Efficacy of Dried Lime (Citrus aurantifulia) in Common Cold Among Hajj Pilgrims: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Pasalar Mehdi , Mosavat Seyed Hamdollah , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein , Keshavarz Mohsen , Mosaffa-Jahromi Maryam , Owji Seyed Hosein , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran
Published: March 2019

Background: Dried lime (Citrus aurantifulia) is one of the herbal preparations used especially by Iranian pilgrims as a preventative agent and self-remedy for respiratory tracts symptoms in folklore medicine. Therefore, we evaluated the preventive efficacy of dried lime preparation in common cold among Iranian pilgrims. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial patients in the drug group received dried lime capsules, 500 mg in a single dose per day for four weeks. In the placebo group, the patients received placebo capsules using the same method. The primary outcome measure in this trial was the severity of cold symptoms assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the trend of cold symptoms severity during the study period. However, in the second week, the severity of all the cold symptoms in the drug group was less, compared to the placebo, but at the end of the study, comparison of the two groups revealed no significant difference in any of the investigated options. Conclusion: The findings revealed that although the severity of all the cold symptoms in the drug group was less as compared to the placebo group, the dried lime capsule showed no statistically significant effect on the control of these symptoms in Iranian pilgrims. [GMJ.2020;9:e1462]
Designing a Comprehensive Pattern of Structural-Psychological Empowerment for Employees of Medical Sciences Universities
Authors: Roohollahi Nayereh Sadat , Masoudi Asl Iravan , Hesam Somayeh , Mahmodi Mahmoud
Published: March 2019

Background: The concept of empowerment requires the abandonment of traditional models. The need to design and develop employee empowerment patterns has been emphasized in several studies. The present study aims to design a comprehensive structural-psychological empowerment pattern for employees of medical sciences universities. Materials and Methods: Our exploratory research was conducted on 410 employees of medical universities of Tehran, Iran, and Islamic Azad University. Firstly, a primary pattern was designed according to a review of available literature, texts, patterns, and tools. Then, the psychometric analysis was done using validation (face validity, content validity, construct validity, factor validity) and reliability (internal consistency and stability). Lastly, the final pattern was introduced after having been approved by experts. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and AMOS software. P<0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results: Based on our study, 83.9% of participants were holders of bachelor's degrees or higher degrees. The results of validation (face, content, structure, and confirmation validity) and reliability (internal consistency [α=0.90] and stability [0.91] ) showed that the structural-psychological empowerment pattern was appropriate, which was validated with 31 items and 8 domains. The scope of this pattern included resources, self-sufficiency, competence, support, effectiveness, and opportunity, significance, and information domains. The highest impact on the model was related to the support domain (impact factor=0.87). Conclusion: The present pattern is an appropriate and verified Iranian model in the field of structural-psychological empowerment, which is suggested in the cultural context of Iran, especially in medical universities. [GMJ. 2019;inpress:e1486]
Reuse of Spent Hydrotreating Catalyst of the Middle Petroleum Fractions
Authors: Nabeel Abdulqahar Safa , I. Abdulwahab Majid , K. Hummadi Khalid
Published: March 2019

Reuse of spent hydrodesulphurization (HDS) of middle petroleum fractions catalyst CoMo/γAl2O3 was accomplished via removal of coke and contaminants such as vanadium, Iron, Nickel, and sulfur. Three processes were adopted; extraction, leaching, decoking. Soluble and insoluble coke was removed. Leaching step used three different solvents (oxalic acid, ammonium peroxydisulfate and oxalic acid + H2O2) in separate in order to remove contaminant metals (V, S, Ni and Fe).

   The effect of soluble coke removal on leaching step was studied. It was found that the removal of soluble coke significantly enhances the leaching of contaminants and barely affected the removal of active metals (Co and Mo). It was found that the best route (sequence) was soluble coke extraction followed by contaminants leaching then decoking process and the best leaching solvent was oxalic acid. According to this determination, the removed contaminants were 79.9 % for sulfur, 13.69% for vanadium, 82.27 % for iron, and 76.34 % for nickel. The active components loss accompanied with this process were 5.08 % for cobalt and 6.88% for molybdenum. Leaching process conditions (leaching solvent concentration, temperature and leaching time) were studied to determine the best-operating conditions. The rejuvenated catalyst activity was examined by a pilot scale HDS unit of naphtha. Sulfur content removal of naphtha was found to be 85.56 % for single pass operation under typical operating conditions of refinery HDS unit of naphtha which are 1 ml/min feed flow rate, 200 H2/HC ratio, 32 bar operating pressure and 320 °C operating temperature.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Kreatif-Produktif Pada Materi Operasi Aljabar
Authors: Komalasari Ayu , Darmasih Darmasih
Published: March 2019

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP melalui penerapan strategi pembelajaran kreatif-produktif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Data yang dikumpulkan dari penelitian adalah hasil tes dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata diperoleh siswa pada siklus I sebesar 48,68 dengan ketuntasan klasikal belajar sebsar 71,42 dan pada siklus II nilai rata-rata sebesar 64,34 dengan ketuntasan klasikal belajar sebsar 78,12%. Sedangkan aktivitas siswa pada siklus I pertemuan pertama menghasilkan rata-rata 8,4 dan pertemuan kedua dengan rata-rata sebesar 10,2, kemudian pada siklus II pertemuan pertama dengan rata-rata 11,6 dan pada pertemuan kedua dengan rata-rata 15,4. Hasil penelitian menujukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar matematika melalui strategi pembelajaran kreatif-produktif pada materi operasi aljabar kelas VIII SMP.Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of eighth grade students of Junior High School through the application of creative-productive learning strategies. This type of research is classroom action research (CAR). Data collected from research are test results and observations. The results showed that the average value obtained by students in the first cycle was 48.68 with the classical completeness of learning was 71.42 and in the second cycle the average score was 64.34 with the classical completeness of learning was 78.12%. While the activities of students in the first cycle of the first meeting produced an average of 8.4 and the second meeting with an average of 10.2, then in the second cycle the first meeting with an average of 11.6 and at the second meeting with an average of 15, 4. The results of the study showed an increase in mathematics learning outcomes through creative-productive learning strategies in algebraic operating material in eighth grade students of Junior High School.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Melalui Model Make A Match Berbantuan Media Konkret Kelas 4 SD
Authors: Kurniasari Ekka , Koeswanti Henny Dewi , Radia Elvira Hoesein
Published: March 2019

Abstrak: Permbelajaran Make A Match berbantuan media konkret terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas 4 SD Negeri 1 Jipang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi Data penelitian diperoleh melalui observasi, dan tes. Data hasil observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa dianalisis dalam ketuntasan belajar secara individu dan klasikal kemudian dijabarkan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan persentase hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa kelas 4, hal ini ditunjukan dengan hasil belajar siswa pada evaluasi mengacu pada kriteria keberhasilan yang sudah ditentukan 65. Nilai rata-rata ketuntasan belajar siswa secara klasikal mengalami peningkatan sebesar 89,39% pada matapelajaran Matematika, dengan rincian pra siklus ketuntasan 42,86% dari 8 siswa yang mencapai keberhasilan dengan rata-rata 57,7, siklus I menjadi 73,43% dari 19 siswa yang mencapai keberhasilan dengan rata-rata 70,42 dan menjadi 89,39% pada siklus II dari 21 siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar dengan rata-rata 80,64. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model Make A Match berbantuan media konkret dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas 4 SD Negeri 1 Jipang. Abstract: Make A Match method assisted by concrete media on mathematics learning outcomes of 4th grade students at SD Negeri 1 Jipang. The type of the research is used classroom action research which consist of 2 cycles. Each cycle in this reserch pass through 4 stages which are planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were all students in grade 4. Research data was collected through observation, and tests. The observation data of the teacher and students activities were analyzed in completeness of individual and classical learning and then described descriptively. The results showed an increase in the percentage of student learning outcomes in the first cycle and second cycle learning outcomes by grade 4 students, this is indicated by student learning outcomes on evaluation refers to the success criteria that have been determined 65. The average value of student learning completeness in the classical experience increases by 89.39% in Mathematics subjects, with pre-cycle details completeness of 42.86% of the 8 students who achieved success with average of 57.7, cycle I became 73.43% of 19 students who achieved success with average of 70.42 become 89.39% in cycle II, from 21 students who achieved mastery learning with an average of 80.64. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that learning using the Make A Match method assisted by concrete media can improve the learning outcomes of 4th grade students of SD Negeri 1 Jipang.
Perbandingan Metode Moving Average dan Metode Naïve Dalam Peramalan Data Kemiskinan
Authors: Kumila Ais , Sholihah Baqiyatus , Evizia Evizia , Safitri Nur , Fitri Safama
Published: March 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi metode terbaik pada sistem peramalan dengan menggunakan metode Moving Average (SMA, WMA, dan EMA) dan metode Naive. Pada tahap simulasi, kami menggunakan data jumlah kemiskinan penduduk Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) tahun 2002-2018 untuk memprediksi data tahun 2019. Adapun, model dievaluasi untuk melihat tingkat akurasi masing-masing metode berdasarkan nilai MAD, MSE, RMSE dan MAPE. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi data dari metode-metode yang diuji, diketahui bahwa metode Naive paling akurat dengan hasil prediksi tahun 2019 sebesar 737.460 dengan MAD, MSE, RMSE dan MAPE berturut-turut sebesar 41.427,188; 2.711.468.146; 52.071,760; dan 0.043.

Abstract: This study aims to predict the best method on the forecasting system using the Moving Average method (SMA, WMA, and EMA) and the Naive method. In the simulation phase, we used data on the Number of Poverty of the Population of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) in 2002-2018 to predict the Poverty of Population of the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) in 2019. Meanwhile, the model was evaluated to see the accuracy of each method based on the value MAD, MSE, RMSE and MAPE. Based on the simulation results of the data from the methods tested, it can be seen that the Naive method is most accurate with the results of the 2019 prediction of 737,460 with MAD, MSE, RMSE and MAPE in the amount of 41.427,188; 2.711.468.146; 52.071,760; and 0.043.
Pengembangan Game Puzzle Sebagai Edugame Berbasis Android Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Matematika Siswa SD
Authors: Aini Baiq Olatul , Ayu Khaerunnisa Cantika , Siswati Siswati
Published: March 2019

Abstrak: Pada aplikasi game puzzle ini berisi materi teori bilangan, aljabar, bangun datar dan bangun ruang. Pada game ini terdapat 15 level dan dibuat dari Appsgeyser. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir melalui minat belajar siswa di SD kelas III, IV, V dan VI. Dampak dari media pembelajaran edugame ini adalah media pembelajaran berpengaruh pada kemampuan berpikir siswa. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah pedoman angket dan observasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh hasil validasi dari ahli media dengan skor rata-rata 73,649% dalam kriteria layak, sedangkan respon dari pengguna rata-rata sebesar 80,335% dalam kreteria menarik. Abstract: In this puzzle game application contains material in number theory, algebra, wake up flat and build space. In this game there are 15 levels and are made from Appsgeyser. This study aims to increase students' interest in learning at SD class III, IV, V, and VI. The impact of edugame learning media is learning media influencing student learning outcomes. The research instrument used was the questionnaire and observation guidelines. Based on the results of data analysis, the results of validation from media experts were obtained with an average score of 73,649% in eligible criteria, while the response from users on average was 80,335% in the criteria interesting.
Comparison of Document Examiners' Opinions on Original and Photocopied Signatures
Authors: Found Bryan , Rogers Doug , Herkt Allan
Published: March 2019

There is a lack of empirical evidence concerning document examiners’ ability to perform handwriting comparisons on photocopied writings. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of examiners’ opinions on 260 original questioned signatures and on the same signatures that had been photocopied. Six of the examiners from the Document Examination Section of the New Zealand Police participated in the study, which comprised two trials. Each trial was constructed according to the accepted process of comparing a group of known (specimen) signatures with a group of questioned signatures where the writer was known to the experimenters but not to the document examiners. One trial contained originals of the specimen and questioned signatures and the other comprised photocopies of the same specimen and questioned signatures. No errors regarding authorship were made for original or photocopied signatures, and there were no instances where an identification/elimination opinion was reversed between a photocopy and its original. Only 2.3% of opinions relating to an original signature differed in any way from that offered for its photocopy. The high correct rates for questioned genuine signatures were similar for original (100%) and photocopied signatures (98%). The correct opinion rate regarding the process of production of original and photocopied, simulated, questioned signatures combined was 99.7%. The results provide evidence that examiners are able to make comparisons on a complex signature with the same accuracy and similar sensitivity when using either originals or photocopies.

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The Frequency of Occurrence of Handwriting Performance Features Used to Predict Whether Questioned Signatures are Simulated
Authors: Black David , Found Bryan , Rogers Doug
Published: March 2019

Forensic Document Examiners (FDEs) examine the physical morphology and performance attributes of a line trace when comparing questioned to specimen handwriting samples for the purpose of determining authorship. Along with spatial features, the elements of execution of the handwriting are thought to provide information as to whether or not a questioned sample is the product of a disguise or simulation process. Line features such as tremor, pen-lifts, blunt beginning and terminating strokes, indicators of relative speed, splicing and touch ups, are subjectively assessed and used in comparisons by FDEs and can contribute to the formation of an opinion as to the validity of a questioned sample of handwriting or signatures. In spite of the routine use of features such as these, there is little information available regarding the relative frequency of occurrence of these features in populations of disguised and simulated samples when compared to a large population of a single individual’s signature. This study describes a survey of the occurrence of these features in 46 disguised signatures, 620 simulated signatures (produced by 31 different amateur forgers) and 177 genuine signatures. It was found that the presence of splices and touch-ups were particularly good predictors of the simulation process and that all line quality parameters were potentially useful contributors in the determination of the authenticity of questioned signatures.

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Temporal Features of Handwriting: Challenges for Forensic Analysis
Authors: Thomassen Arnold J.W.M. , VanGalen GP
Published: March 2019

This paper looks at handwriting as a multi-stage motor process which develops over time and leaves its time-bound marks in the writing trajectory. It explains some of the time-based research methodology and points out a number of ‘dynamic’ features with potential relevance for forensic application. The final sections of the paper contain suggestions for research leading to the re-establishment of temporal features in the static trace, which could support the handwriting expert’s effort to decide on a document’s authorship and on the circumstances at the time of writing. Some of these suggestions present challenges for prolonged interdisciplinary research co-operation.

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Light and Electron Microscope Approaches to Sequence of Writing Problems
Authors: Barabe Joseph G. , Niemeyer Wayne D. , Willard Vickie
Published: March 2019

Sequence of writing problems constitute only a small percentage of most document examiners’ case loads, but solving such problems can be crucial. It is important to know the factors that make sequences capable of determination, and when possible, to know how to make such a determination or where to find further assistance. McCrone Associates, a microscopical and microanalytical consulting firm with a wide range of instrumentation and analytical techniques, is occasionally asked to supplement work performed by individual examiners in smaller laboratories. For this reason, McCrone sponsored research to ascertain which instruments, illumination methods, magnifications and techniques might provide more definitive answers to a variety of sequence of writing questions. We derived a number of insights from this research which we would like to present as a general microscopical theory of sequence determinability. It is hoped that this theory will provide the document examiner with one more practical tool with which to approach sequence of writing problems. We also invite our colleagues to test this theory and report both confirmations and discrepancies.

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Stability of solution of a backward problem of a time-fractional diffusion equation with perturbed order
Authors: Dien Nguyen Minh , Trong Dang Duc
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is of studying the stability of solution of a backward problem of a timefractional diffusion equation with perturbed order. We investigate the well-posedness of the backward problem with perturbed order for t>0. The results on the unique existence and continuity with respect to the fractional order, the source term as well as the final value of the solution are given. At t=0 the backward problem is ill-posed and we introduce a truncated method to regularize the backward problem with respect to inexact fractional order. Some error estimates are provided in Holder type.
Phrenic Nerve Damage After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Using Second Generation Cryoballoon
Authors: YORGUN Hikmet , ŞENER Yusuf Ziya , OKŞUL Metin , CANPOLAT Uğur , EVRANOS Banu , ATEŞ Ahmet Hakan , AYTEMİR Kudret
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective:

Cryoballoon (CB) ablation is a safe alternative to radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, phrenic nerve damage (PND) is a bothersome complication of the procedure. In this study, we aimed to establish the incidence of PND during CB and define the characteristics of affected patients.

Material & Methods: 

In this retrospective analysis, all patients with AF that underwent CB ablation between 2013 and 2018 were included into the study. Characteristics and outcomes of patients complicated with  PND were evaluated. PNP was detected by palpation of diaphragma contractions or observation of reduced diaphragma motility by fluoroscopy during the procedure.

Results:

Totally 653 patients were included in the study. PND was detected in 3.5% (23/653) of the patients. Median age of the patients with PNP was 56 (25-78) years and 10 patients (43.4 %) were male. The most common ablation site related with PND was RSPV (18 patients, 78%). Transient PND was observed in 16 patients (69%) of the patients which resolved within 24 hours after the procedure. In the remaining 5 patients (21%) diaphragmatic contraction was recovered at the 6th month control visit. In 2 patients (10%), phrenic nerve paralysis was still present >1 year visit

Conclusion:

PND is not a rare complication of CB ablation despite all the preventive maneuvers during the procedure and technological developments. However, most of the PND recovered during the follow-up.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus Prolongs Rocuronium Induced Neuromuscular Blockade Irrespective Of Glycaemic Control
Authors: Şahin Aysun , Ankay Yılbaş Aysun , Pamuk A.Gülsün , Akça Başak , Üzümcügil Filiz , Çelebi Nalan
Published: March 2019

Objective: Recovery from neuromuscular blockade could be delayed and the risk of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB) could be an important anesthetic consideration in diabetic patients undergoing general anesthesia due to decreased nerve conduction velocity. The aim of this study was to analyse the recovery from rocuronium and the risk of postoperative RNMB in type-II diabetic patients undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane.

 

Materials and Methods: The patients undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane and rocuronium for abdominal surgery were included in this prospective observational study between December 2014 - May 2015. After rocuronium injection; time to reappearance of T1, T2, T3 and T4 and time to reaching TOF ratios of 0.7 and 0.9 were recorded. For detecting RNMB, TOF ratios were recorded in the postoperative care unit at 5th and 10th minutes of arrival. The correlation between glycemic control and the risk of RNMB was also evaluated via glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

 

Results: A total of 82 patients (Group DM: 48 patients, Group non-DM: 34 patients) were included. The groups were comparable according to demographic data and other characteristics that can effect neuromuscular blockade. Times to reappearance of T1, T2, T3, T4 and to reaching a TOF ratio of 0.9 were significantly longer in Group DM. Although there was no difference between the TOF ratios at the arrival to the postoperative care unit, TOF ratios of Group DM were significantly lower at 5th and 10th minutes at postoperative care unit. Poor glycaemic control was found not to affect the risk of RNMB.

 

Conclusion: Even in the absence of known neurologic complications; the neuromuscular blockade effect of rocuronium is longer and the risk of RNMB is higher in type-II diabetic patients irrespective of the degree of glycaemic control.

 

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Rocuronium, Residual Neuromuscular Blockade
PREVALENCE OF ABO AND RHESUS BLOOD GROUPS IN BLOOD DONORS. A STUDY FROM A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL S.V.R.R.GOVT. GENERAL HOSPITAL IN RAYALASEEMA REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH, TIRUPATI.
Authors: Lakshmi Vijay , Palla Dr. Durga Prasad , Babu Dr. D Surendra , Sekhar Dr. Chittooru Chandra
Published: March 2019

Back ground: The ABO and Rhesus –D blood group are the major blood group systems. The frequency of four main blood group systems varies in population throughout the world and even in different parts of the country. ABO & Rh blood group antigens play a Vital role in immunologic safety of whole blood and blood component transfusion and also useful in population genetic studies, in resolving medico legal issues.

Aim: This study is aimed to document the frequency and distribution pattern of ABO and Rh among blood donors in S.V.R.R.Govt. General Hospital, Tirupati.

Study Design: It is a retrospective record based study carried out at Model blood bank S.V.R.R.Govt. General Hospital Tirupati from January 2014 to December 2015.

Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 13,040 donors. ABO and Rh typing was done by using slide agglutination method with antisera ABO and Rh (tulip Diag). Doubtful cases were confirmed by tube agglutination method and reverse grouping by using pooled A& B cells. The age group and sex of donors and frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups were reported in simple percentages.

Results: In the present study the most common blood group was ‘O’ 5505 (42.2%) and least common being AB 778 (5.96%). The prevalence of Rh positive and negative distribution in the study population is 12267(94.07%) and 773(5.93%) respectively. Predominant donors belonged to age group between 18-35 years (85.37 %).Male donors (97.88%) are common than female donors (2.12%) with ratio. Blood group frequency with respect to ABO and Rh was found to be O>B>A>AB.

Conclusion:   O positive blood group is significantly high  in our population  while AB Iis least.. Blood donation by females appears to be low provably because of illiteracy, malnutrition and social taboo. So female donor need to be motivated for blood donation.  Knowledge of frequencies of different blood groups is very important for blood banks and transfusion service polices for better use and good inventory of blood units.

Key words: Blood groups ABO, Rh
SIGNIFICANCE OF WHO MODIFIED PARTOGRAPH IN MANAGEMENT OF SPONTANEOUS LABOUR IN PRIMIGRAVIDAS
Authors: Singhal Dr. Manisha , Radheshyam Dr. , Sharma Dr. Savitri
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The importance of partogram is to prevent the maternal and perinatal complications. The WHO has simplified the partogram for its use by skilled birth attendants.

Aims and Objectives: To study the progress and outcome of labour using modified WHO partogram in spontaneous labour in primigravidas.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study of 100 women primigravidas admitted to Jhalawar Medical College from November 2017 to October 2018 with spontaneous onset of labour at term with no high risk factors were recruited for the study using modified WHO Partogram.

Patients were divided into 3 groups –. Group 1- cervical dilatation and descent curve falling to the left of the alert line. Group 2- cervical dilatation and descent curve falling to the right of the alert line. Group 3 with women to right of action line was planned.

Results: Most women belonged to age group of 21-25 years. The mean gestational age was 38.2 weeks. In Group 1, the mean duration of active phase of first stage of labour was 4.52±0.10 hours, where as it was 5.94±1.46 hours in Group 2. In Group 2, the mean duration of second stage of labour was 45.44±1.94 mins but it was 34.42±16.41mins in Group 1study subjects. Mean rate of cervical dilatation is 1.2 cm/hr. Seventy seven percent had normal delivery, 11% had caesarean delivery and 12% had instrumental delivery. Augmentation was significantly higher in Group 2 (92.3%) than in Group 1 (67.8%). In the study group, there were no maternal and perinatal deaths.

Conclusion: The partograph is an inexpensive and easily accessible tool that can effectively monitor the progress of labour. The WHO simplified partograph is highly useful in identifying when to intervene and also reduces perinatal and maternal mishaps.

Keywords: WHO partogram, Alert line, Maternal outcome, Perinatal outcome
ANALYSIS OF COST VARIATION OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS
Authors: Bhandari Prasan R.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Indian pharmaceutical industry being one of the largest pharmaceutical markets in the world has a large number of branded formulations and generic brands of the same drug with a large difference in their selling price. The study was planned to find out variation in cost of  anti-cancer drugs

Methods: Information was sourced from NETMED MOBILE APP. The drug formulation being manufactured by only one company or being manufactured by different companies; however, in different strengths would be excluded. Difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug formulation manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage variation in price would be calculated.

Results: The maximum cost variation in the alkylating agents group was seen with Oxaliplatin 50mg/10ml (71.43%). In the antimetabolite group the maximum cost variation was seen in Gemicitabine 1000mg (357.67%). 68.7% cost variation was observed with Paclitaxel 30mg/5ml in the antimitotic natural products group. Doxorubicin 10mg/5ml showed the maximum cost variation in the cytotoxic antibiotic group as well amongst all the anticancer drugs. Within the targeted group imatinib 400mg showed the maximum cost variation i.e 505.20%.

Conclusion: Thus, this study highlights that there is a significant price difference among the anti-cancer drugs manufactured by different companies. Hence stringent measures should be brought into implementation by the government and concerned agencies for uniformity in drug pricing.
Multifunctionality of Agriculture and Its Influence on the Process of International Trade Liberalization
Authors: Mikhnevich S.
Published: March 2019

The essence of the modern concept of multifunctionality of agriculture is analysed in the article. Three multifunctional aspects of agricultural sector, the influence of the concept of multifunctionality on the process of trade policy negotiations in the framework of the WTO, the impact of the said concept on the process of liberalization of the international trade of agricultural produce are considered.
Trust and Transaction Costs
Authors: Lyasko A.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the influence of interfirm trust relationships on the level of transaction costs of economic exchanges is analysed. In many cases, it is argued, trust appears to be either neutral in respect of transaction costs or even augmenting them. The lowering of transaction costs can be explained by virtue of different attendant institutions, like reputation or contract securities, rather than owing to trust per se. Mutual correlation between trust and transaction costs, including knowledge accumulation in interfirm alliances, property rights protection within joint innovation projects and social capital formation in business groups, is considered.
The Institute of Land Ownership in Russia
Authors: Kirdina S.
Published: March 2019

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Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia
Authors: Dezhina I. , Leonov I.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.
Redistribution of Regional Incomes within the Framework of the System of Interbudgetary Relations in Russia
Authors: Kadochnikov P. , Sinelnikov-Murylev S. , Trunin I. , Chetverikov S.
Published: March 2019

The authors analyze the equalization properties of the present system of resource allocation among budgets of different levels in Russia (allocation of tax revenue and intergovernmental transfers). They consider the actual impact of the following federal fiscal instruments on the regional income distribution: the system of intergovernmental transfers, the system of federal tax revenue sharing between federal and regional budgets and the federal net tax on the region.
Interaction of Regional Administration and Business in the Process of Regional Resources Utilization
Authors: Aparina N. , Kurbatova M.
Published: March 2019

The authors state that in the 1990s in the context of absence of adequate sources of financing regional authorities activities, a peculiar mechanism of solving social and economic problems on the regional and municipal levels was formed. The substitution of the budget financial resources by the resources of administrative decisions has occurred. The mechanism of exchanging administrative decisions in favor of a certain businessman for his undertaking an obligation to solve a problem of regional or local development has been established. Under these conditions the state authorities have transformed from the guarantor of the economic agent rights into one of the agents trading in rights.
Historic Memory as an Element of Cognition
Authors: Abalkin L.
Published: March 2019

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From the Memoirs about N.A. Voznesensky
Authors: Baibakov N.
Published: March 2019

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Sketches of the History of the Russian Economic Thought. Ed. by academician L. I. Abalkin
Authors: Pokidchenko M.
Published: March 2019

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The Salvage of Ideas: Schumpeter and the Core Problems Still Confronting Economics
Authors: Wynarczyk P.
Published: March 2019

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.
Inter-firm Trust and Schumpeterian Innovations
Authors: Lyasko A.
Published: March 2019

This paper focuses on discussing the role of trust in strategic alliances aimed at creating new knowledge and developing novel products in the rapidly changing technological setting. Trust is regarded as a salient factor in forming collaborative relationships among direct or indirect competitors for high technology markets. Trusting attitudes also foster organizational learning and unhampered knowledge exchange within an alliance structure. Finally, trust plays a considerable role in distributing and enforcing property rights for the objects of innovation when their valuable features cannot be meaningfully predicted or fully defined due to the rapidly changing environment as well as incomplete firms' knowledge caused by radical shifts of technology.
Institutional Specifics of Business Self-regulation
Authors: Obydenov A.
Published: March 2019

Self-regulation appears to be a special institution where economic actors establish their own rules of economic activity for themselves in a specific business field. At the same time they are the object of control within these rules and the subject of legal management of the controller. Self-regulation contains necessary prerequisites for fundamental resolution of the problem of "controlling the controller". The necessary and sufficient set of five self-regulation organization functions provides efficiency of self-regulation as the institutional arrangement. The voluntary membership in a self-regulation organization is essential for ensuring self-enforcement of institutional arrangement of self-regulation.
On the Transfer of the State Control and Regulatory Functions to Small Business Associations
Authors: Vilensky A.
Published: March 2019

The author states that associations of small businesses are necessary for formation of positive corporate business ethics, control over authorities, development of partnership of business and authorities aimed at improving economic performance. Stage-by-stage monitoring of associations of small enterprises is carried out in Moscow. Its first results show that opportunities of transferring some of the state control and regulating functions to business associations unfortunately are rather weak due to immaturity of small business itself.
Post-Soviet Privatization in the Light of the Coase Theorem (Transaction Costs and Governance Costs)
Authors: Andreff V.
Published: March 2019

A Coasian theoretical perspective is assumed to be in the background of most post-Soviet economies' privatization drives. The assumption of zero transaction costs underlying the Coase theorem guarantees an efficient reallocation of property rights whatever is their initial distribution. Once this assumption is relaxed, the result predicted by the Coase theorem is less certain and clashes with the nature of the firm as it has been analyzed earlier by Coase himself. This preliminary presentation is used as a critical driver to provide a non-mainstream assessment of privatization objectives in Russia that became so obviously high in the early years of the transition process. A Coasian analysis also helps to figure out the post-privatization firm boundaries and to design in-house restructuring as well as industrial restructuring - between industrial branches. The issue of the firm boundaries is crucial in the relationship between privatization and restructuring. Finally, we come to terms with the analysis of post-privatization property rights and corporate governance and their possible (governance) costs for in-house restructuring. The last section is devoted to an evaluation of standard and non-standard methods of privatization.
China's Banking System as Compared to Other Transition Banking Systems
Authors: Golovnin M.
Published: March 2019

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Recent Reforms of the Russian Pension System: pro et contra
Authors: Khmyz O.
Published: March 2019

Recent reforms of the general pension regime have gone a long way to ensuring a fair, equitable and transparent pension scheme, available to all workers younger than 45 years old. An adjustable formula relates pensions to the duration and level of contributions, and life-expectancy. It introduces some welcome flexibility to the system, as benefits are automatically adjusted for the effects of population ageing. Today the workers must choose a state or a private pension fund's management company. However, it is not clear whether recent reforms will be sufficient to ensure the long-term actuarial and financil balance of the general system.
"Real Sector", Banks and Inflation
Authors: Babicheva Yu. , Chernykh S.
Published: March 2019

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Technological Innovations and Innovational Policy
Authors: Boiko I.
Published: March 2019

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The New Image of Kaliningrad Region
Authors: Samson I. , Eliseyeva I.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the problems of Kaliningrad Oblast which are very important taking into account the expansion of the EU. Many specialists continue to develop the myth of Kaliningrad as a poor region. However the scrupulous analysis shows that Kalinigrad is a well developed region comparing not only with Russian regions, but also with the Baltic countries and Poland. Moreover this region has developed since 1990 specific resources and assets and after 1999 has been enjoying high economic performance.
Heuristic Potential of Political Economy of Socialism in the 21st Century
Authors: Buzgalin A.
Published: March 2019

The author tries to distinguish the main achievements of political economy of socialism, its contribution to modern economic theory and potential in analysis of post-industrial society. To his opinion political economy of socialism is useful for understanding the nature of "real socialism" (i.e. economic system that was really functioning in the USSR and socialist countries), future post-capitalist economic systems and transitional economy. Moreover, this discipline can be helpful in overcoming the market-oriented paradigm dominating now in economic theory.
Contemporary World Economy and Russia
Authors: Kudrov V.
Published: March 2019

The author analyses the forecast of the world economy performance provided in the early 1970s by the UN group of experts under W. Leontief leadership and compares it with contemporary world economic indicators. The conclusion is that the forecast was too optimistic: the world economy didn't manage to reach the suggested rates of economic growth. Russia and other transition economies suffered of great recession in the 1990s but now are stepping on the path of economic growth based on integration in the globalized world economy. One of the main factors of achieving that goal is WTO accession.
The Political Economy of Employment Deregulation
Authors: Gimpelson V.
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the politics of the labor market reform aimed at employment deregulation and decrease in firing costs. Such reform promises to benefit most of the population and is expected to affect positively job creation and aggregate employment. However, any reforms of labor market institutions are extremely complicated in the political aspect. The author discusses two closely interconnected questions: why these reforms are so difficult for politicians and which measures can help in overcoming the existing political constraints.
Demand for Law in the Sphere of Corporate Governance: Evolution of Economic Actors' Strategies
Authors: Yakovlev A.
Published: March 2019

The paper defines major groups of influential private and public actors involved in corporate governance processes in Russia. Their main incentives and interests as well as the evolution of their relations to corporate law are analyzed. On this base opportunities of applied analysis of the demand for law in the sphere of corporate governance are discussed.
Studying Demand for Institutes of Corporate Governance: Legal Aspects
Authors: Medvedeva T. , Timofeev A.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes legal aspects of institutes of corporate governance. Different draft laws "On Joint-Stock Companies" are considered which reflected interests of separate groups of participants of market relations. Stages of property redistribution are outlined. The advantages of the model of the open joint-stock company are formulated. Special attention is paid to the demand for legal institutes of corporate governance as well as to the process of accepting the Federal Law "On Entering Amendments to the Federal Law "On Joint-Stock Companies"" which was enacted in 2002. The article contains proposals directed at improvement of corporate legislation.
Institute of Insolvency in Russia: Demand, Trends and Major Problems
Authors: Simachev Yu.
Published: March 2019

The article discusses key issues of the insolvency (bankruptcy) institute development in Russia as an important element of market economy. Main accents are made on economic and institutional factors that determine specific features of insolvency procedures in Russia and its consequences for the national economy. The structure of the demand for insolvency is evaluated. The evaluation is based on the arbitrage courts' statistics and enterprise survey data. Discussion of major problems that arise during transition to civilized insolvency system and are conditioned by institutional limitations and established motivations for bankruptcy concludes the article.
Russia' Path to Prosperity in the Post-Industrial World
Authors: Breach A.
Published: March 2019

The author explores the comparative advantages of the Russian economy and states that resource export orientation can be a strong factor of sustainable economic growth as for example in Australia. Economic relations with rapidly growing China are of extreme importance because the Chinese economy can provide a huge market for Russian commodities. The author warns that the rapid growth of rouble's real exchange rate can decelerate economic development but his forecasts for the nearest future are rather optimistic.
The Recovery Growth and Some Specifics of Modern Economic Situation in Russia
Authors: Gaidar E.
Published: March 2019

The author points out that after the transformational slump all post-Soviet economies stepped on the path of growth. But its nature, known as recovery growth, appears inevitably fading, and in today's Russia its capacity has been practically depleted. And now the problem is not to stir up the rates of growth that would be dangerous. The comprehensive, mutually related reforms are needed which will secure sustainable economic growth in the future. The author argues that the country should learn how to insure economic development by means of private incentives rather than state regulation mechanisms.
Economic Integration of the Commonwealth States: Possibili ties and Prospects
Authors: Shumsky N.
Published: March 2019

The article considers the necessary reasons and main peculiarities which determine to a large extent the character and dynamics of the processes of economic integration within the CIS. It analyses the development of mutual trade, possibilities and prospects of economic integration in the framework of different unions of the Commonwealth States.
Organizations, Institutions, Systems: Types and Levels of Rules
Authors: Chavance B.
Published: March 2019

The notion of rules is common to the economics of organization and the economics of institutions. The author analyses the concept of going concern by Commons, the spontaneous and organized order in Hayek's works, and North's distinction of formal and informal institutions. Comparing these three theories he proposes a synthetic and critical approach in trying to articulate individual and collective actions in a systemic framework where organizations are defined as collective and hierarchised ensembles of specific rules, and institutions as general and social rules with higher durability, directly or indirectly sanctioned by the state.
Financial Flows among Major Sectors of the Russian Economy in 1997-2002
Authors: Plushchevskaya Yu.
Published: March 2019

The article focuses on changes in financial flows among major sectors of the Russian economy after the financial crisis in 1998. Dynamics of financial assets and liabilities of general government, non-financial corporations and households sectors is considered from the point of view of their relations with other institutional sectors and financial instruments' structure. Conclusions on the character of changes in the sectors' financial policies and position in financial flows are drawn. Factors preventing growth in effectiveness of financial resources circulation in the economy are specified.
Historical Optimism and Heuristic Potential of the Political Economy of Socialism
Authors: Novikov V.
Published: March 2019

Historical optimism is a rather common belief in economics. It is often thought that a newly established theory (or society) is better than the previously prevailing one. The author doesn't share this view and finds it useful to discuss the role of the political economy of socialism in contemporary economics which was begun with the publication of the paper by A. Buzgalin in 2003, No 3. But the analysis of A. Buzgalin's arguments doesn't support his conclusion on possible usefulness of the political economy of socialism in the studies of post-industrial society.
Mutual Debts of Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Gavrilov V.
Published: March 2019

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Mineral Resources Tax and Recultivation of Lands
Authors: Buer A. , Porunov A.
Published: March 2019

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