bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to HBV Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Sheppard-Law Suzanne , Zablotska-Manos Iryna , Kermeen Melissa , Holdaway Susan , Lee Alice , George Jacob , Zekry Amany , Maher Lisa
Published: January 2018

Background

HBV antiviral therapy has the potential to reduce the burden of HBV-related liver disease by suppressing HBV DNA replication to undetectable levels, reducing the progression of liver fibrosis and reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Treatment outcomes and long-term benefits require adherence to medication regimens. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to antiviral therapy.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of patients receiving HBV antiviral therapies was conducted in three Sydney hospitals. Participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between non-adherence (defined as missing more than 1 day of medication in the last 30 days) and demographic, socio-economic, disease, treatment, healthcare system and individual-related factors.

Results

Of the 277 participants, 66 (23.8%) were non-adherent, missing a mean 1.7 days of medication (sd 4.8) in the last 30 days. In multivariate analysis, non-adherent behaviour declined with age (odds ratio [OR] 0.9, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99; P<0.013). Participants who reported having no established routine to take their medication (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.4, 17.4; P<0.012) and having inadequate health literacy (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3, 5.5; P<0.007) were more likely to be non-adherent.

Conclusions

Almost a quarter of participants in the current study were non-adherent. Adherence is potentially modifiable through person-centred education, collaborative models of patient care and interventions designed to improve health literacy and establish medication routines. Findings have the potential to improve health service delivery to patients at risk of non-adherence to HBV antiviral therapy.
Irradiação (Co60) em batata minimamente processada
Authors: Angelo Pires Juliana , Carvalho Lima Dâmaris , Santos Silva Lucia Cristina Aparecida , Arthur Valter , Nalesso Costa Harder Marcia
Published: January 2018

A batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) é um tubérculo possuidor de qualidades nutritivas e por adaptar-se facilmente a vários tipos de solo, seu consumo generalizou-se em todo o mundo. A irradiação nos últimos anos está sendo utilizada como alternativa no aumento de vida útil de prateleira de vários alimentos, portanto esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da radiação gama na conservação de batatas inglesas minimamente processadas. As batatas foram higienizadas, e minimamente processadas e embaladas a vácuo e posteriormente irradiadas em dose de 0; 1; 2; 3kGy. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas de pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis e firmeza. Como resultado obteve-se melhor conservação nas amostras irradiadas à 1kGy. Conclui-se que o efeito da radiação na dose de 1kGy foi eficaz no aumento de vida útil de prateleira de batatas inglesas minimamente processadas.
Produção de cerveja artesanal tipo Ale utilizando mel de diferentes floradas como adjunto
Authors: Kempka Aniela Pinto , Thomé Bruna Cristina , De Conto Raquel Maleski
Published: January 2018

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi produzir cervejas tipo Ale elaboradas com méis de diferentes floradas, como adjuntos cervejeiros, e determinar as características físico-químicas dos méis e das cervejas visando verificar a influência do adjunto no produto final. Foram produzidas quatro formulações de cerveja: controle, cerveja com mel silvestre, cerveja com mel de uva japonesa e cerveja com mel de eucalipto. Os diferentes tipos de mel apresentaram valores dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira, exceto para a atividade diastásica nos méis de eucalipto e silvestre, com 5,7 e 3,4 na escala de Göthe respectivamente, com hidroximetilfurfural acima de 15 mg/Kg. As cervejas com méis de diferentes floradas apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si para extrato seco e açúcares residuais. Os valores de grau alcoólico ficaram entre 3,4% e 4,2%, sendo este último para a cerveja controle. A cor das cervejas foi influenciada pelo mel, com os valores para a* e b* diferentes estatisticamente. O mel é um adjunto que pode ser utilizado na produção de cerveja, porém, mais estudos devem ser realizados para otimização das concentrações de cada tipo de mel a serem utilizadas.
Elaboração de hambúrguer empanado de tilápia aplicando diferentes sistemas de coberturas comerciais
Authors: Alves Delfino Larissa , Schlichting da Silva Larissa , Biassi Deise Caroline , Poliseli-Scopel Fabio Henrique , Molardi Bainy Eduarda
Published: January 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar os melhores sistemas de cobertura comerciais para hambúrguer empanado, utilizando subprodutos da filetagem da tilápia, como a carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) da carcaça e CMS das aparas do corte em ‘V’ do filé de tilápia. No estudo foram avaliados o rendimento de cobertura, pick-up na pré-fritura, rendimento na cocção e análise sensorial com painel treinado. As coberturas 1 e 6 tiveram os maiores valores de rendimento de cobertura, entre 31,90 % e 35,34 %. Devido as coberturas 2 e 3 não passarem pela etapa de predust, o rendimento de cobertura foi menor quando comparada aos outros sistemas. A cobertura 2 que possui granulometria fina teve resultado negativo para o pick‑up na pré-fritura devido ao desprendimento parcial da camada externa. As coberturas 3 e 4 com granulometria média apresentaram valores inferiores de pick-up na pré-fritura comparado com as 1 e 5 que utilizaram breading com granulometria grossa. Os sistemas de cobertura 1 e 5 tiveram o melhor rendimento na cocção, entre 88,65% e 89,16%, pois apresentavam as três etapas de empanamento e a maior granulometria do breading.  A análise sensorial mostrou que os seis sistemas de coberturas tiveram boa aceitação pelo painel treinado, exceto para o atributo textura da cobertura 6 (forneável). Em conclusão, a maior granulometria do breading contribuiu para o rendimento de cobertura, pick-up na pré-fritura e rendimento na cocção. Além disso, a etapa de predust também aumentou o rendimento de cobertura.
Uso da Espectroscopia de Infravermelho Médio com Transformada de Fourier (IV-TF) aliada à quimiometria para classificação de vinhos e suco de uva
Authors: Bicas Thariane Carvalho , Fernandes Andréia , Prasniewski Anaclara , Calegari Matheus Augusto , Lima Vanderlei Aparecido , Oldoni Tatiane Luiza Cadorin
Published: January 2018

A indústria alimentícia procura ferramentas que a auxilie com precisão em análises de caracterização e controle de qualidade de seus produtos e insumos. A espectroscopia no infravermelho médio permite realizar análises qualitativas e quantitativas de amostras de diversas origens, fornecendo modelagens em função de suas propriedades químicas e físicas a partir de seus dados espectroscópicos.  Neste trabalho foi avaliado o perfil químico de vinhos e sucos de uvas tintas da região Sudoeste do Paraná, empregando o uso da espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier e acessório de reflexão total atenuada (FTIV-RTA) com o objetivo de desenvolver uma metodologia que permita a classificação entre os derivados da uva. Os espectros de infravermelho médio das amostras de vinho e suco foram gerados em um espectrômetro Frontier (Perkin-Elmer), em duplicata, com resolução de 4 cm-1 e 32 acumulações para cada espectro da região analisada (entre 4.000 e 400 cm-1). O conjunto de dados gerados a partir dos espectros de infravermelho foi submetido à análise de componentes principais (ACP). A análise de componentes principais foi capaz de identificar e separar em distintos grupos as amostras dos derivados de uva. As componentes principais (CP1 e CP2) explicaram 69,6% da variabilidade dos dados através do modelo multivariado proposto. Desta forma a análise espectroscópica de infravermelho médio aliada à quimiometria apresenta-se como uma ferramenta para a classificação de amostras de vinho e suco de uva.
Amido de milho modificado por processo de fosfatação em diferentes tempos de reação
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Dâmaris , Dos Santos Larissa Rocha , Giopato Viell Franciele Leila , Salvador Plata-Oviedo Manuel Vicente
Published: January 2018

O amido é uma matéria-prima oriunda de diferentes origens botânicas. O amido de milho é amplamente utilizado em diversos ramos industriais. Devido a algumas características intrínsecas dos amidos nativos, tem-se optado por realizar modificações químicas na estrutura dos grânulos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do tempo de reação sobre a fosfatação e as propriedades físico-químicas. O amido de milho nativo foi modificado variando-se o tempo em que as amostras permaneceram no forno a temperatura de 130 ºC. Foi determinada a viscosidade aparente e ácida, claridade da pasta, temperatura inicial de pasta, índice de solubilização e poder de inchamento. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas entre as amostras, onde a fosfatação apresentou melhor resultado em todas as variações de tempo, obtendo maior viscosidade de pasta do que o amido nativo devido os mesmos possuírem maior poder de inchamento e índice de solubilidade em água.
Extração e caracterização de compostos do resíduo vegetal casca de café.
Authors: Baqueta Michel Rocha , Do Prado Silva Jéssica Thais , Moya Moreira Thaysa Fernandes , Canesin Edmilson Antonio , Gonçalves Odinei Hess , Dos Santos Adriele Rodrigues , Coqueiro Aline , Demczuk Jr Bogdan , Leimann Fernanda Vitória
Published: January 2018

A quantidade de resíduos gerados durante o beneficiamento do café no Brasil (principalmente casca) representa aproximadamente 50% da produção. Visando diminuir este problema, o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter diferentes extratos das cascas de café, avaliar sua composição e atividade antimicrobiana. Utilizando extrações por Soxhlet, com solventes de diferentes polaridades e seletividades e analisando estes extratos por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas e Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier, foi possível observar que os extratos diferiam em composição química e que apenas clorofórmio e diclorometano foram capazes de extrair a cafeína, devido a seletividades destes solventes. Os componentes hidrofílicos foram extraídos utilizando diferentes proporções de etanol e água, a temperatura ambiente e a 40 °C. A cafeína presente nestes extratos foi quantificada por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. A mudança na composição do solvente e temperatura não alteraram a composição química dos extratos, porém alteraram a quantidade de cafeína extraída. Nenhum dos extratos testados demonstrou atividade contra os microrganismos Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) e Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579). Pode-se concluir que as cascas de café apresentam grande potencial para a extração de cafeína, agregando valor a este resíduo vegetal e contribuindo para o aproveitamento dos resíduos produzidos no beneficiamento do café, o que diminuiria o impacto ambiental gerado pelo descarte destes.
A second contender for “world’s smallest fly” (Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: Brown Brian
Published: January 2018

Flies of the family Phoridae (Insecta: Diptera) are amongst the most diverse insects in the world, with an incredible array of species, structures and life histories. Wiithin their structural diversity is the world's smallest fly, Euryplatea nanaknihali Brown, 2012.

A second minute, limuloid female phorid parasitoid fly (Diptera: Phoridae) is described. Known from a single specimen from a site near Manaus, Brazil, Megapropodiphora arnoldi gen. n., sp. n. is only 0.395 mm in body length, slightly smaller than the currently recognised smallest fly, Euryplatea nanaknihali from Thailand. The distinctive body shape of M. arnoldi, particularly the relatively enormous head, mesothorax and scutellum, the latter of which covers most of the abdomen, easily separates it from other described phorids. Most remarkably, the forelegs are extremely enlarged, whereas mid- and hind legs are reduced to small, possibly vestigial remnants. A possible male specimen, unfortunately destroyed during processing, is briefly described.
Emergency Department Use by Community-Dwelling Individuals With Dementia in the United States: An Integrative Review
Authors: Hunt Lauren J. , Coombs Lorinda A. , Stephens Caroline E.
Published: January 2018

As part of the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease, reducing potentially avoidable emergency department (ED) use by individuals with dementia has been identified as a component of enhancing the quality and efficiency of care for this population. To help inform the development of interventions to achieve this goal, an integrative review was conducted to: (a) compare rates and reasons for ED visits by community-dwelling individuals with and without dementia, considering also the effect of dementia subtype and severity; and (b) identify other risk factors for increased ED use among community-dwelling individuals with dementia. Nineteen articles met inclusion criteria. Individuals with dementia had higher rates of ED visits compared to those without dementia, although differences were attenuated in the last year of life. Increased symptoms and disability were associated with increased rates of ED visits, whereas resources that enabled effective management of increased need decreased rates. Gerontological nurses across settings are on the frontlines of preventing potentially avoidable ED visits by community-dwelling individuals with dementia through patient and family education and leadership in the development of new models of care. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(3), 23–30.]
Negotiating Risky Preferences in Nursing Homes: A Case Study of the Rothschild Person-Centered Care Planning Approach
Authors: Behrens Liza , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Brush Jennifer , Boltz Marie , Volpe Donna , Kolanowski Ann Marie
Published: January 2018

Delivering person-centered care (PCC) is no longer an option for nursing homes (NH) that receive funding from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. NH staff need evidence-based protocols to guide efforts in honoring preferred choices of residents, especially those that are perceived to be risky. The Rothschild Care Planning Process for Resident Choice was created to honor such choices. The current article provides a case exemplar to demonstrate the use of the Rothschild Care Planning Process for Resident Choice with one NH resident who was perceived by staff to be making a risky choice. The scenario outlines six steps to the process, highlighting areas for focus and documentation that addresses complexities and best practices in delivering PCC. Three recommendations are offered to address residents' choices that carry risk: (a) adapt care community policies, (b) engage direct care staff in care planning, and (c) provide staff training in facilitating resident choice. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(8), 11–17.]
Developing a Serious Game for Nurse Education
Authors: Johnsen Hege Mari , Fossum Mariann , Vivekananda-Schmidt Pirashanthie , Fruhling Ann , Slettebø Åshild
Published: January 2018

Future nursing education is challenged to develop innovative and effective programs that align with current changes in health care and to educate nurses with a high level of clinical reasoning skills, evidence-based knowledge, and professional autonomy. Serious games (SGs) are computer-based simulations that combine knowledge and skills development with video game–playing aspects to enable active, experiential, situated, and problem-based learning. In a PhD project, a video-based SG was developed to teach nursing students nursing care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in home health care and hospital settings. The current article summarizes the process of the SG development and evaluation. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(1), 15–19.]
Big Data Emerging Technology: Insights into Innovative Environment for Online Learning Resources
Authors: Huda Miftachul , Maseleno Andino , Atmotiyoso Pardimin , Siregar Maragustam , Ahmad Roslee , Jasmi Kamarul Azmi , Muhamad Nasrul Hisyam Nor
Published: January 2018

Digital devices like tablets, smart phones, and laptop have become increasingly raised and utilised in higher education. As a result, current trends on ICT (information and communication technology) used in education begin widely with focusing on teaching and learning. The new concept of big data in recent ICT domain extends the promising research direction on online learning and big data integration through promising content that can be tailored for each student based on the context and Internet behaviour of users in online learning. This paper aims to explore innovative design for innovative online learning in Higher education using Big Data approach. Critical review from referred journals and books was conducted using thematic analysis. This paper proposes model reference which can be implemented with the technology in teaching and learning to improve student learning environment and outcomes and to enhance students’ development, performance and achievement in learning process in higher education.
Learning Analytics Through Serious Games: Data Mining Algorithms for Performance Measurement and Improvement Purposes
Authors: Slimani Abdelali , Elouaai Fatiha , Elaachak Lotfi , Bakkali Yedri Othman , Bouhorma Mohammed , Sbert Mateu
Published: January 2018

learning analytics is an emerging discipline focused on the measurement, collection, analysis and reporting of learner interaction data through the E-learning contents. Serious game provides a potential source for relevant educational user data; it can propose an interactive environment for training and offer an effective learning process. This paper presents methods and approaches of educational data mining such as EM and K-Means to discuss the learning analytics through serious games, and then we provide an analysis of the player experience data collected from the educational game “ELISA” used to teach students of biology the immunological technique for determination of ANTI-HIV antibodies. Finally, we propose critically evaluation of our results including the limitations of our study and making suggestions for future research that links learning analytics and serious gaming.
How hot is .brussels? Analysis of the uptake of the .brussels top-level domain name extension
Authors: Waty Margot , van Hooland Seth , Hengchen Simon , Coeckelbergs Mathias , De Wilde Max , Decroly Jean-Michel
Published: January 2018

The opening up of the top-level domain name market in 2012 has offered new perspectives for companies, administrations and individuals to include a geographic component within the domain name of their website. Little to no research has been carried out since then to analyse the uptake of the new top-level domain names (TLDNs). Based on the specific case of the TLDN .brussels, this article proposes an empirical study of how the opening up of the top-level domain name market actually impacts registration practices. By making use of freely available software tools such as OpenRefine and Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods, the entire corpus of the .brussels domain names (6 300) was analysed from a quantitative perspective. Based on a statistically representative sample (592 domain names), a qualitative interpretation allowed a more fine-grained analysis of how the new TLDN is being used in practice. By doing so, the article gives detailed insight into the impact of the recent changes to the rules concerning domain name registration. Through this analysis, researchers, policy makers, investors and anyone concerned about the identity of Brussels in the digital realm may have a better understanding of the state of play of the .brussels TLDN.
High School Introductory Programming on Raspberry Pi Made from Scratch
Authors: Luse Andy , Hammer Bryan
Published: January 2018

This article investigates the use of Raspberry Pi and Scratch to introduce novice high school students to computer programming during a short interaction. Results show that, with only a four-hour engagement, students show a significant increase in programming self-efficacy. Furthermore, results show that this increase is the same for both males and females. This provides promising results for those who wish to effectively introduce programming to novices, even over a short engagement period.
Effect of Decellularized Cartilage Bovine Scaffold and Hypoxic Condition on Stem Cell Differentiation to Chondrocyte: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mahyudin Ferdiansyah , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Martanto Tri Wahyu , Hidayat Aries Rakhmat , Putri Linta Meyla
Published: January 2018

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) has been established for years to treat cartilage defect. Application of tissue engineering has advantages over ACI as tissue engineering requires simpler procedures without leaving morbidity at the donor site. Decellularized bovine cartilage scaffold and hypoxic stem cell differentiation were used in this in vitro experimental study. Comparative test was done between three study groups using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated in three different conditions: growth factor-rich chondrogenic medium, scaffold without growth factor, and combination of both. Each group was given two oxygen tension conditions of normoxia and hypoxic within phase of stem cell differentiation. Immunohistochemical examinations on SOX9, RUNX2, and collagen type II were done for evaluation. After 5-week treatment, the result showed that the highest expression SOX9 and collagen type II were found within the group that used the combination of both scaffold and chondrogenic medium in hypoxic condition. Collagen type II expression in scaffold without additional growth factor showed no statistically significant difference compared with the combination group in hypoxic condition. Cartilage tissue engineering has proven its effectiveness for cartilage regeneration. Decellularized biomaterial scaffold limited the use of growth factor resulting in better cost and resource efficiency.
Morphological Changes in the Upper Part of Digestive Tract in a Case of Experimental Duodenogastric Reflux
Authors: Romanenko Y.G. , Komskyi M.P.
Published: January 2018

Experimental reproduction of duodeno-gastric reflux was performed among Wistar line 28 rats, which were injected with 50 % solution of medical bile by intragastric way. Morphological study had been shown significant structural changes in the gingival tissues, mucous membrane of an esophagus, stomach and duodenum. In the epithelial layer of gingiva and esophagus was observed numerous infringements in a process of differentiation cells, in the stroma was shown phenomena of fibrosis in a papillary layer, microcirculation disorders. In the gastric mucosa had been found out multiple erosions, the glandular cells were increased. It was demonstrated vacuolization of the basal and thorn layers of the stomach epithelium. In the stroma defined phenomena of fibrosis and a dense lymphocyte infiltration with eosinophils. In the duodenum was determined desquamation of a glandular epithelium, superficial erosions of the villi, lympho–histio–plasmocytosis infiltration in a stroma, microvascular disorders. The given experiment demonstrates a role of functional disorders in the pathogenesis of combined pathology in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Detection of Novel GyrB Mutations Associated with Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates
Authors: Bin Thani Ali Salman
Published: January 2018

The following study is investigating the different GyrB mutations associated with Escherichia coli clinical isolates. The study interrogates part of the ATPase binding site (a.a 132-199) as it covers most of the naturally occurring mutations in GyrB. The following results were obtained: for Arg-136 two isolates had mutations, the first is isolate-1 (Ala-136), and the second is isolate-5 (Cys-136). Gly-164 had no changes for all tested isolates. For Thr-165 only isolate-3 had a change to Ser-165. Accuracy of sequence translation was checked by sequencing both CFT073 and MG1655. The current study presents novel mutations in the GyrB24 subdomain of the gyrase enzyme. These new mutations showed normal enzyme activity (no reduction in ATPase functions) indicating that they might be a result of GyrB interaction with ATP analog molecules rather than antibacterial agents such as coumarins. Furthermore, our findings are supporting the idea that mutations in the GyrB24 would require synchronization with the efflux pumps to maintain antibiotic resistance against coumarins.
Validation of Aramis Digital Image Correlation System for Tests of Fibre Concrete Based on Waste Aggregate
Authors: Domski Jacek , Katzer Jacek
Published: January 2018

The paper presents a research programme focused on steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) based on waste ceramic aggregate (WCA) prepared from debris. The matrix was reinforced by steel fibre from 0.5% to 1.5% (by volume). Flexural tests were performed using a limit of proportionality (LOP) method and a procedure based on optical measurements with the help of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) System. Residual strengths were calculated and flexural strength classes were assigned. Conclusions concerning both properties of SFRC based on WCA and feasibility of using DIC system for testing SFRC were drawn.
Effect of Plasticizing Admixtures on the Development of Hydration Temperatures and the Properties of Cement Pastes
Authors: Sedlmajer Martin , Zach Jiří , Hroudová Jitka
Published: January 2018

The hydration of cement is a very intricate process. A great amount of heat is generated during the reaction, which requires close monitoring especially in large concrete members. Modified cement pastes are simpler systems and can be easily used to observe the effect of plasticizing admixtures on the development of temperatures during cement hydration as well as its rheology and mechanical properties. Knowledge of the development of hydration temperatures can be of assistance in deliberate regulation of cement hydration and the generation of hydration heat. The paper describes what influence different amounts of different plasticizers have on the properties of cement pastes, with added focus on the development of their hydration temperatures, rheology and compressive strength.
Variation of Diffusion Coefficient for Selected Binary and Ternary Concrete Mixtures Considering Concrete Aging Effect
Authors: Konečný Petr , Lehner Petr , Ghosh Pratanu , Tran Quang
Published: January 2018

The paper deals with the variation of resistance of selected High Performance Concrete (HPC) materials against chloride ion penetration. The resistance of chloride penetration is described by means of the diffusion coefficient and it is derived from emerging non-destructive tests. It is computed from the measurements of surface electrical resistivity (see e.g. AASTHTO TP-95 specification) data. The effect of concrete aging on the diffusion coefficient is taken into account as the concrete properties are time dependent and it is significantly important for High Performance Concrete (HPC) materials.
Assessment of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slab and Subsoil Interaction - Experiment
Authors: Lahuta Hynek , Hrubesova Eva , Mohyla Marek , Duris Lukáš , Pinka Miroslav
Published: January 2018

The paper is focused on the interaction of the fibre reinforced concrete slab and the subsoil using both the results of experimental measurements on the experimental stand. Performed experimental measurements include monitoring of the concentrically loaded concrete slab with the dimensions of 2 m x 2 m and thickness of 0.15 m. This slab is in the interaction with subsoil of sandy clay character. The experimental load is applied in sequential steps by using a hydraulic press. During the tests the strain gauges and hydrostatic levelling method were used for the monitoring of the settlements of the slab. The contact stresses and the stresses corresponding to a certain depth below the slab were monitored by using a flat pressure cells. In the conclusion of this paper there are formulated the basic aspects of concrete slab-subsoil interaction, the results of various performed experimental measurements and the comparison of stress below the surface resulted from interaction of soil and slab of different degree of reinforcement.
Shrinkage-Reducing Admixture Efficiency in Alkali-Activated Slag across the Different Doses of Activator
Authors: Bílek Jr. Vlastimil , Kalina Lukáš , Fojtík Ondřej
Published: January 2018

One of the largest obstacles for the wider use of alkali-activated slag (AAS) in a building industry is its severe drying shrinkage. According to some studies shrinkage-reducing admixtures (SRAs) could be a solution of this problem, but they were also reported to have a fatal impact on AAS hydration resulting in a serious strength development slowdown. The aim of this paper was to investigate this phenomenon in a wide range of the waterglass doses (4–12% Na2O of the slag mass). Mortars without and with 2% of SRA based on hexylene glycol were prepared and their shrinkage and compressive strength development was tested. By far the highest shrinkage reduction was observed for the lowest doses of waterglass, but these were also the cases of the highest compressive strength decrease. However, it is possible to suppress the negative effect of SRA on AAS strength development through the activator dose increase with certainly decreased shrinkage reducing ability of SRA.
Solidia Cement an Example of Carbon Capture and Utilization
Authors: Meyer Vincent , de Cristofaro Nick , Bryant Jason , Sahu Sada
Published: January 2018

Solidia Cement is a non-hydraulic binder that is produced in existing cement kilns using the same raw material as Portland cement (PC). The key difference is that the Solidia binder is produced using less limestone and at lower kiln burning temperatures. This translates into reduced CO2 emissions during cement manufacturing (30% reduction). The Solidia concrete solution consists in a mix between the binder, aggregates, sand, water that is reacted with CO2 to form a durable matrix. The curing process captures up to 300 kg of CO2 per ton of cement used. Together, the Solidia cement and concrete reduce the CO2 footprint by down to 70% when compared to conventional cement and concrete products.The advantages to precasters are multiple also:- Full strength in concrete parts achieved within 24 hours thus allowing just-in-time manufacturing and a significant reduction in inventory cost.- Concrete waste from forming process is almost eliminated and equipment cleanup time is significantly reduced because the concrete does not harden until it is exposed to CO2.- The final precast products present better aesthetics than PC-based concretes (no efflorescence, better pigmentation, and better color grading).The first industrial demonstrations (cement production and precast applications) were achieved and confirm the CO2 and energy savings announced.
Utilization of By-Pass Cement Kiln Dust in Alkali-Activated Materials
Authors: Štěpánková Eva , Kalina Lukáš , Bílek Jr. Vlastimil , Bartoníčková Eva
Published: January 2018

This paper deals with the mechanical properties and phase study of alkali activated blast furnace slag and by-pass cement kiln dust mixture. The by-pass cement kiln dust (CKD) solves the problem with significant shrinkage of alkali activated materials which is considerably limiting their practical applications. The mechanism of action of CKD in alkali activated matrix has been investigated as well as its optimal dosage in the means of mechanical properties. The reaction products during the hydration process were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction.
The Influence of Activator Composition on the Strength, Shrinkage and Chloride Migration Resistance of Alkali-Activated Slag Mortars
Authors: Hu Nan Jie , Hüsken Götz , Gluth Gregor J.G. , Kühne Hans Carsten
Published: January 2018

Alkali-activated slag materials are known for their high chloride penetration resistance. This makes them potentially applicable as repair systems for damaged steel-reinforced concrete structures, which are exposed to chloride attack. For this purpose, the influence of the activator composition, i.e. the SiO2 and Na2O concentration of the alkaline solution on a) the compressive strength, b) shrinkage and mass change and c) the resistance against chloride penetration of four alkali-activated slag mortars (AASM) were studied. An ordinary Portland cement-based mortar was used as the reference sample. Increasing SiO2 and Na2O concentrations increased the strength, shrinkage and mass loss of the AASMs. The resistance of the mortars against chloride penetration was evaluated using the non-steady-state migration coefficient Dnssm obtained from NT BUILD 492. The results indicate that the Dnssm is related to differences in the pore solution of the AASMs rather than to differences in their microstructure. An upcoming study of the authors is going to evaluate this hypothesis by the accelerated chloride penetration (diffusion) test.
Influence of Different Mineral Precursors on the Properties of Fly Ash Based Alkali-Activated Mortars
Authors: Špak Matej , Raschman Pavel
Published: January 2018

Alkali-activated materials based on fly ash are widely developed and also produced on the present. Some of fly ashes are not suitable for production of alkali-activated materials because of their inconvenient chemical composition. Alumina-silicates are the most important components that are needed to accomplish the successful reaction. The proper content of amorphous phase of alumina-silicates and its proportion as well should be provided for the final composition of alkali-activated materials. The influence of pure aluminum oxide powder as well as raw milled natural perlite on mechanical properties and durability of alkali-activated mortars was investigated. These minerals were used as partial replacement of fly ash coming from black coal combustion. In addition, the mortars were prepared by using different alkali activators.
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3/HAp Composites for Use as Bone Substitute Material
Authors: de Lima Marcelino Guedes , Leal Elvia , Agnolon Pallone Elíria Maria de Jesus , Kiminami Ruth Herta Goldsmith Aliaga , Costa Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo
Published: January 2018

This work involved the development of alumina/hydroxyapatite (Al2O3/HAp) composites for use as bone graft material in maxillofacial reconstruction. The effect of introducing 20 and 30 wt% of hydroxyapatite into the alumina matrix was also investigated. The composites were produced from hydroxyapatite synthesized by the precipitation method, using commercial alumina as a matrix. Samples of the composite material were compacted under 260 MPa of isostatic pressure, followed by sintering at 1200°C/2h and characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and diametral compression. The XRD results confirmed the presence of Al2O3 and Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 – HAp crystalline phases in all composites. The addition of HAp to the alumina matrix inhibited alumina grain growth, reducing intergranular porosity and thus promoting greater densification and mechanical strength of the composites.
Structural Characterization for Ceramic Pyrochlores of Bi-Zn-Nb-O
Authors: Farias Francisco Werley Cipriano , Alves Antonio Sidnel Gomes , dos Santos Alves Yuri Mikael , Pereira Francisca Maria Martins , Barroso Maria das Dores Bandeira , Sales Juscelino Chaves , Sombra Antonio Sérgio Bezerra
Published: January 2018

Ceramic pyrochlores, the basis of Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5 (BZN), have dielectric properties of great interest, such a high dielectric constant (ε), a low dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) and a low coefficient of capacitance with temperature (TCC). The system has two main phases, Bi1,5ZnNb1,5O7 (α) and Bi2Zn0,67Nb1,33O7 (β) with cubic and orthorhombic crystal structures, and very different dielectric properties. The purpose of this article was to synthesize chemically homogeneous ceramic pyrochlores BZN-α and BZN-β, using the ceramic method in obtaining nanopowders and their characterizations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and the Rietveld refinement method of the structures. The powders were weighed in stoichiometric proportions and calcined at 700 °C/2h, they were sintered at 900, 950 and 1000 °C/2h. A pure BZN-α phase was obtained, while the BZN-β has remained in phases as Bi5Nb3O15 and BiNbO4.
Reutilization of the Solid Waste Materials Produced by a Ceramic Tiles Industry as a Raw Material for the Production of New Ceramic Tiles
Authors: Valença Renan Lucas , Ferraço Fabio
Published: January 2018

The increasing demand for tiles to be used in civil construction has resulted in the development of industrial ceramic production in Brazil. However, a bigger production of tile means an increase in raw material consumption, which could increase the amount of industrial waste materials. One of the guidelines within the Brazilian law for solid waste materials (“Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos”) is “Integrated Management”. The objective of this subcategory is to insure that research and application are being done in a way that will offer a solution and a use for the solid waste materials. Through laboratorial experiments regarding the ceramic microstructure, the properties of the ceramic waste materials were determined. These materials show great properties such as high mechanical resistance. New formulas were made that include the addition of waste materials and it was concluded that the maximum quantity of waste materials that can be added to the pre-existing formula is 4%, which will save around R$ 11,833.90 per month for the Porto Ferreira Ceramic Industry. In addition to helping the company financially, this change in the formula will also decrease the number of broken tiles and decrease the environmental damage.
Influence of Addition of CaO and SiO2 in Microstructure of Hexaferrite BaXSr1-XFe12O19
Authors: dos Santos Alves Yuri Mikael , Pereira Cláudio Henrique Araújo , Farias Francisco Werley Cipriano , Pereira Francisca Maria Martins , Barroso Maria das Dores Bandeira , Sales Juscelino Chaves , Sombra Antonio Sérgio Bezerra
Published: January 2018

This study is aimed to verify the influence of adding SiO2 and CaO in the sintering temperature of hexaferrite, obtained by standard ceramic methods. The powders were weighed in stoichiometric amounts, milled for 1 hour under a high energy mill and calcined at 1000 °C/24h. To study the effect of concentration of additives on the microstructure of the hexaferrite samples were prepared without additives, and with simultaneous addition of SiO2 and CaO, wherein the total concentration of the additive was 1%. The morphology and particle size of the samples were determined by SEM and the crystal structure was determined by XRD and the phases were quantified by the Rietveld method. The XRD data showed the predominance of magnetoplumblico structure with hexagonal symmetry and space group P63/mmc. All samples have distributed grain heterogeneously, clustered in different masses, with acute forms and some of them featuring hexagonal shapes with different sizes.
Biodiesel from Fatty Acids Found in Brazilian Native Cultures as Soybean and Cotton Using the Nanocatalyst Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4
Authors: Dantas Joelda , Leal Elvia , Feitosa Alex Cavalcanti , Vasconcelos Erik Vilar , Costa Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo
Published: January 2018

Biodiesel is a biodegradable fuel derived from renewable biomass, such as soybean and cottonseed oil, which may be obtained by different processes and requires a material to catalyze the obtaining reactions. The irons spinel comes overlapping as excellent materials to catalyze the biodiesel production reactions. Thus, the purpose of this work was the use of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoferrite as a catalyst in esterification reactions. The nanoferrite was synthesized by combustion in large scale, 200g/batch, where time and the temperature of the reactions were measured, and characterized by XRD and measuring its surface area. The biodiesel was obtained from methyl and ethyl esterification of acidified soybean oil and cottonseed, at a temperature of 160°C for 1 hour, molar ratio 1:15, 3% of catalyst and analyzed by chromatography. The nanoferrite has shown peaks of greater intensity corresponding to a majority crystal phase of the spinel and a surface area of ​​64.17m2/g. The conversion results for the soybean oil were 99.08% in methyl route and 98.38% in ethyl route. For cottonseed oil were 88.79% in methyl route and 78.65% in ethyl route.
Synthesis and Characterization of HMOR and Catalyst MoO3/HMOR, NiO/HMOR and Co2O3/HMOR
Authors: Silva F.M.N. , Lima Erivaldo Genuíno , Rodrigues Meiry Gláucia Freire
Published: January 2018

The mordenite zeolite is one of the most important industrially zeolites, used as a solid catalyst for various reactions hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, alkylation, reforming, alkane oxidation, Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The aim of this study was to hydrothermal synthesis mordenite zeolite in its sodium form under hydrothermal conditions, in organic-free synthesis. The form HMOR of the zeolite mordenite was obtained by an ion exchange. For the preparation of the catalysts precursor salts were used: ammonium heptamolybdate, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate dispersed from the impregnation by incipient wetness impregnation, such impregnated supports were calcined at 550 °C/4h to obtain the catalyst. The zeolite synthesized in the sodium form NaMOR in its ammonium form NH4MOR in form acid HMOR and their catalysts MoO3/HMOR, NiO/HMOR and Co2O3/HMOR were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of by Energy X-ray dispersive (FRX-ED). From the results it was possible to observe the formation of zeolite phase mordenite in its sodium and acid form and the effective impregnation and formation of the proposed catalysts.
Evaluation of Phyllite and Sand in the Heavy Clay Body Composition
Authors: Amaral Lucas Fonseca , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes , Delaqua G.C.G. , Nicolite M.
Published: January 2018

In this study the objective was to evaluate the properties affected by the incorporation of phyllite and sand as raw materials in the composition of ceramic material for the roofing tiles production with light color using kaolinite clay from Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ, Brazil as main raw material. Specimens were prepared by uniaxial pressing at 20 MPa and fired at 950oC. The determined technological properties were: dry apparent density, linear shrinkage, water absorption and mechanical strength (three point bend test). The results indicated that the incorporation of sand and phyllite improved the dry apparent density, reduced loss on ignition and aluminum oxide content of the pure clay. These factors resulted in a reduced open porosity, improving water absorption and linear shrinkage. However, the mechanical strength was compromised due to the increase of quartz content.
Evaluation of the Accelerated Degradation of Mortar in a Ceramic Coating Facade System
Authors: Cypriano Mateus Gonçalves , Degues Kananda de Matos , Rodrigues Andrigo , da Silva Simone Campos Bitencout , Rocha Márcio Roberto , Montedo Oscar Rubem Klegues , Angioletto Elidio
Published: January 2018

In Brazil, ceramic plates are widely used in the construction industry for both small and large constructions in view of their advantages compared with other coating systems [1]. These advantages include ease of maintenance, durability, impermeability, and ease of cleaning. Despite these favorable characteristics, problems occur due to aging of a building. The most common of these problems is the loss of adhesion of ceramic tiles with facades [2]. It is commonly observed that after a few years of use the plates begin to loosen, thereby endangering individuals and properties.
Assessment of PCM-Impregnated Zeolite as a Matrix for Latent Heat Storage
Authors: Degues Kananda de Matos , Cypriano Mateus Gonçalves , Coelho Ketlin Barros , Luza André Luís , Montedo Oscar Rubem Klegues , de Castro Luiz César , Angioletto Elidio
Published: January 2018

In the context of energy economy and thermal comfort, phase change materials (PCMs) have many useful applications. In this study, type A zeolite was tested as a matrix for impregnating obtaining a PCM-impregnated zeolite. A sample of type A zeolite was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The porosity was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Following that, an apparatus was mounted for vacuum impregnation to incorporate calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2.6H2O), which is a PCM, in the pores of the zeolite. The impregnation and the retention of the phase change material in zeolites were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) to simulate thermal cycles testing to determine the thermal behavior of the compound. The results of the XRD and FTIR analyses showed that CaCl2.6H2O remains in the zeolite phase after the impregnation and the thermal cycling performed on the material shows that there is a positive influence on the thermal behavior of the impregnated material. Varying the amount of the studied PCM between 0 and 30 wt%, different grout boards were constructed. The thermal behavior of the PCM-impregnated zeolite compared to the reference material (pure zeolite) showed an effective temperature difference (38.1 to 33.9 °C), which can lead to significant energy savings.
Intracellular BH3 Profiling Reveals Shifts in Antiapoptotic Dependency in Human B Cell Maturation and Mitogen-Stimulated Proliferation
Authors: Dai Joanne , Luftig Micah A.
Published: January 2018

Apoptosis is critical to B cell maturation, but studies of apoptotic regulation in primary human B cells is lacking. In this study, we sought to better understand the mechanisms of apoptotic regulation in normal and activated B cells. Using intracellular BH3 profiling, we defined the Bcl2 dependency of B cell subsets from human peripheral blood and tonsillar lymphoid tissue as well as mitogen-activated B cells. We found that naive and memory B cells were BCL-2–dependent, whereas germinal center B cells were MCL-1–dependent and plasma cells were BCL-XL–dependent. B cells stimulated to proliferate ex vivo by CpG or CD40L/IL-4 became more dependent on MCL-1 and BCL-XL. As B cell lymphomas often rely on survival mechanisms derived from normal and activated B cells, these findings offer new insight into potential therapeutic strategies for lymphomas.