bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemical aspect of landscape planning in forestry
Authors: Maksymenko N. V. , Voronin V. O. , Cherkashyna N. I. , Sonko S. P.
Published: August 2018

One of the modern methods of spatially estimating anthropogenic impact on a given territory is landscape planning, including the stage of assessment of the conditions of a natural complex . The results of such an evaluation are used in environmental management. The aim of the work is to assess the ecological conditions of the Vasyshchivsky forest area by means of landscape and environmental planning. The aim is achieved by performing the following stages of work: assessment of the distribution and intensity of contamination sources in the Vasyshchivsky forest area; drawing a scheme showing parts of the territory with probable conflicts; making a soil and geochemical survey of the forest area to assess acidity distribution and total content of carbonates in the soil as the consequences of pollution of the forest ecosystem ; specification of geochemical characteristics of soils on the forest sites in the established location of former fires; forecast of limits of afte-r fire areas based on the analysis of cartographic works developed by the authors. The geochemical characteristics of the soils in Vasyshchivsky forest have been studied to identify the areas affected by fire, and the results of this study are given in this paper. During the inventory phase of landscape and environmental planning, a complete survey of the forest territory was conducted and a landscape map was drawn. Based on the authors’ matrices filled with conflicts of natural use, the areas with low, medium and high levels of conflict have been marked within the study area. Landscape and environmental planning has been evaluated by soil sampling outside the test points on the network and their laboratory analysis. The results of the evaluation phase were maps illustrating the geochemical situation in the forest soil cover. The article presents cartographic models of the spatial distribution of carbonates in the forest soils, water and salt extraction pH. The results of the study are part of an environmental assessment of Vasyshchivsky forest area. In future they will be used in restoration of the forest ecosystems after fire.
PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS OF FRICTION STIR WELDING
Authors: Plitchenko S. O.
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The study is aimed at improving the procedure for determining the optimum radius of the shoulder of a special tool for friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys and its change depending on the variations of base metal thickness. Methodology. The friction stir welding process was carried out on specially designed equipment. The material for the studies were 1.85 mm thick plates made of aluminum alloy AMg3 with a chemical content of alloying elements within the range of the brand composition. The temperature in the welding zone and the pressure from the tool on the edges of the welded joint were determined using a specially designed research stand. The pressing force of the tool to the base metal during welding was measured with a dynamometer type DC-0.1 with the indicator head. Findings. During the research, the degree of metal heating and the quality of the welded joint formation were determined at various ratios of the rotation frequency of the working tool and the normal pressure to the joining edges. The research allowed determining the influence of FSW process parameters on the temperature of metal heating in the action zone of the working tool shoulder. Originality. The experimental studies allowed to determine the effect of the working tool rotation speed and the magnitude of its pressure on the welded metal during welding on the temperature in the weld zone. Increasing the tool rotation frequency allows to reduce pressure of the working tool during welding, which results in more efficient and high-quality welding process. It has been established that it is possible to obtain better welded joints at a temperature of about 0.7 Tm and to determine the optimal temperature range in the welding zone. Practical value. The study resulted in determination of the conditions for achieving the permanent softening effect during friction stir welding and the optimum temperatures in the welding zone for the tested alloy. The main technological parameters of the working tool are calculated and their influence on the generation of thermal energy in the welding zone is determined. The thermal analysis of the welding process resulted in development of the procedure for determining the technological parameters of the working tool and its rotation frequency depending on the weld metal thickness.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DYNAMIC, COMPETITIVE AND FUZZY MODELS FOR PLANNING OF THE MULTI-PRODUCT FLOWS IN TRANSPORT NETWORKS
Authors: V. V. Skalozub  , L. O. Panik
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop a new unified procedure for planning of the fuzzy multi-product, dynamic and competitive flows in the transport networks and in the information network systems. The procedure is based on the use of the parallel synchronous algorithms for inhomogeneous maximum flows calculating. Methodology. The paper proposes the mathematical models’ classification of the tasks for planning the flows in transport networks. The possibilities of using the unified procedure and the parallel synchronous algorithm for calculating the maximum inhomogeneous flows for implementation of the tasks for planning multi-product, fuzzy, dynamic and competitive flows are investigated. The efficiency and universality of the proposed methods for the planning inhomogeneous flows is established by comparing the results of the calculations obtained in the article with the known results. Findings. The article proposes classification of the mathematical models for the planning inhomogeneous flows in the transport networks. The unified procedure and the parallel synchronous algorithm for planning fuzzy multi-product, dynamic and competitive flows in the transport networks have been developed. The tasks of the optimal distribution of the fuzzy multi-product, dynamic and competitive flows in the transport networks are realized. Originality. The article describes the new unified procedure for planning fuzzy multi-product, dynamic and competitive flows in the transport and information systems, using the parallel synchronous algorithms for calculating maximum flows. The procedure allows us to calculate the local extrema of the optimal flows distribution models. Practical value. The practical value of the obtained results is determined by the unified capabilities and the procedure efficiency, as well as the parallel synchronous algorithm designed to calculate the maximum multi-product flows in transport networks. The developed procedure provides the possibility to solve the analysis and planning problems of the multi-product flows in the networks for dynamic, fuzzy and competitive models for the distribution of the transport and information flows.
Los medios en la gestión de la comunicación de las ONG en tiempos de crisis: oportunidades para el cambio social
Authors: González Elisa Regadera , Luis Hildegart González , Esteban Pilar Paricio
Published: August 2018

El artículo estudia cómo ha influido la crisis económica en la gestión de la comunicación entre las ONG y los medios. También analiza las oportunidades informativas generadas, que estas entidades podrían utilizar para contribuir al cambio social: visibilizar el aumento producido en las necesidades a cubrir; evidenciar la reducción de ingresos a la que se han visto sometidas, y denunciar las desigualdades sociales para conseguir el apoyo de la opinión pública.
El estudio se centra en la Comunidad Valenciana -una de las más castigadas por la crisis- y desarrolla una triple metodología: entrevistas a los responsables de comunicación de una muestra representativa de ONG que atienden a sectores de población vulnerables en Valencia; análisis del tratamiento periodístico que han recibido en 2008 (inicio de la crisis) y 2012 (consolidación de la crisis) en los cinco diarios de referencia de Valencia; y entrevistas a los cinco periodistas responsables de la cobertura de temas sociales y ONG en los diarios analizados.
Los resultados obtenidos permitirán comprobar la influencia de la crisis en la gestión de la comunicación de las ONG y en el tratamiento periodístico de estas entidades. Además han facilitado la identificación de buenas prácticas entre ONG y medios de comunicación, encontrando un mayor compromiso en los medios hacia la denuncia de las injusticias potenciadas por la crisis, mientras que las ONG se han centrado más en la divulgación de su labor.
Monarquía y medios de comunicación: de la Transición a Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Authors: Velasco Molpeceres Ana María
Published: August 2018

El fin de este texto es el estudio de la relación entre los medios de comunicación y la monarquía española. Este trabajo se centra en la publicación Vanity Fair España y los reportajes sobre la relación de Juan Carlos I y Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein. Los objetivos son identificar la línea editorial de VF sobre la Casa Real e investigar en los conflictos entre periodismo y democracia en España (la censura y la autocensura). La hipótesis principal de este artículo es que la inviolabilidad que rodeaba a la corona desde la Transición ha ido desapareciendo. En ese nuevo escenario mediático, situamos los reportajes sobre el rey y su amiga que publicó VF en los números 46 y 56 (estudiados a través del Análisis Textual), tras el accidente en Botswana en abril de 2012.
Behavior of expanded polystyrene (EPS) blocks under cyclic pavement foundation loading
Authors: Ghotbi Siabil S. M. A. , Moghaddas Tafreshi S. N. , Dawson A. R. , Parvizi Omran M.
Published: August 2018

This study introduces a mechanism for initial assessment and future development to improve understanding of expanded polystyrene (EPS) behavior as a super-lightweight material for road construction. Large scale cyclic plate load tests on model pavements were performed. The effect of several factors including thickness of soil, thickness of subsequent EPS layers and density of EPS on the surface deformations, resilient modulus (Mr) and interlayer pressure transfer were investigated. The results indicated that, compared to a covering soil layer of 300 mm, the rut depth on the loading surface reduced by 13.5% and 40.8% when the soil thickness was increased by 33% and 100%, respectively. With a constant soil thickness, increasing the thickness of an upper (denser) EPS layer with respect to a bottom (softer) EPS layer, from 200 mm to 600 mm, would only result in a 20% decrease in the peak settlements after loading. Resilient modulus of the system was found to be dependent on soil thickness. A designer can choose an appropriate resilient modulus assuming the soil-EPS composite acts as subgrade or subbase. In order to extend the results to a wider range of geofoams, soils and layer thicknesses, a simple stress analysis method was also trialed.
İNTİHAR GİRİŞİMİNDE BULUNAN ÇOCUK VE ERGENLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: DOĞAN MURAT , ESEN Feyza , ÖZTÜRK Selcan , ÖZTÜRK Mehmet Adnan , DEMİRCİ Esra
Published: August 2018

Amaç:
İntihar gençlerde en sık ölüm nedenlerindendir ve sıklığı giderek artmaktadır.
Bu araştırmanın amacı, intihar girişiminde bulunan çocuk ve ergenlerin ruhsal
tanıları ile klinik ve demografik özelliklerinin saptanmasıdırYöntem:
Ocak-Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında Erciyes Üniversitesi Çocuk Acil Servisine
intihar girişimi nedeniyle başvuran 18 yaş altı çocuk ve ergenler retrospektif
olarak incelenmiştirBulgular:
İntihar girişiminde bulunan 50 olgunun 42’si (%84) kız ve 27’si  (%54) 14-16 yaş aralığındaydı. Yüksek doz
ilaç alımı en yaygın intihar girişimi yöntemiydi (%96). Girişimde bulunanların
% 72’sinde ruhsal bozukluk saptandı. En sık belirlenen ruhsal bozukluklar
yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu, majör depresif bozukluk, davranım bozukluğu ve
obsesif-kompulsif bozukluktu. İntihar girişimi için en sık tetikleyici faktör
aile içi problemlerdi. Olguların % 8’inde hala ölüm isteği mevcuttu.

Sonuç:
Çalışmamıza göre ergenlerde intihar girişiminde psikiyatrik hastalıklar, aile
içi problemler, karşı cinsle ilgili sorunlar, sosyoekonomik durum, okul
başarısı gibi faktörler etkilidir. İntihar girişimleriyle ilgili risk
faktörlerinin belirlenmelidir. İntihar riski olan ergenler daha sık takip
edilmelidir.Aim: Suicide is the most common cause of death in
young people and the incidence is increasing day by day. The aim of this study was to investigate
psychiatric diagnoses, clinical and demographic characteristics of children and
adolescents who attempted suicide. Materials and methods: Patients admitted to Erciyes University Pediatric Emergency Department between January and December 2017 due to suicide attempt were evaluated retrospectively. Results
42 (84%) of the 50 suicide attempts
were girls and 27 (54%) were between the ages of 14-16. Drug overdose was the most common way of
attempting suicide (96%). Psychopathology was diagnosed in 72 % of these
patients. The most frequent psychiatric disorders were generalized anxiety
disorder,  major depressive disorder,
conduct disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
The most frequent trigger factor for attempted
suicide was family problems. In 8% of the cases, there was still a death wish. 

Conclusion: According to our study, factors such as psychiatric illnesses, family
problems, sexual problems, socioeconomic status, school success in adolescents
are effective in suicide attempts. Risk factors for suicide attempts should be
determined. Adolescents at risk of suicide should be monitored more frequently.
BİR ÜNİVERSİTE HASTANESİ ORTOPEDİ VE TRAVMATOLOJİ POLİKLİNİĞİNE BAŞVURAN ADLİ OLGULARIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YILDIRIM GÜRKAN DİLEK , SÖNMEZ EBRU , KORKMAZ MURAT
Published: August 2018

BİR ÜNİVERSİTE HASTANESİ ORTOPEDİ VE
TRAVMATOLOJİ POLİKLİNİĞİNE BAŞVURAN ADLİ OLGULARIN İNCELENMESİDilek YILDIRIM
GÜRKAN, Ebru SÖNMEZ, Murat KORKMAZÖZETAmaç: Bu çalışma ortopedi ve travmatoloji polikliniğine başvuran
adli olguları demografik özellikler, olay türleri ve takip açısından
değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Gereç-yöntem: Çalışma 1 Ocak 2016-31
Aralık 2016 tarihlerinde üniversitemiz hastanesi ortopedi ve travmatoloji
polikliniğine başvuran, 115 olgunun dosyaları retrospektif olarak cinsiyet,
medeni durum, olay türü, cerrahi gereklilik ve kırık bölgesi incelenerek
tamamlanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; ki kare ve fisher exact testi
kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler sayı ve yüzde olarak sunulmuştur.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen
115 vakanın 90 (%78.3)‘ının erkek olduğu, yaş ortalamasının 35.71±17.75 olduğu,
71 (%61.7) ‘inin evli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Polikliniğe başvurular da en fazla
trafik kazası (40,%34.8), darp (32,%27.8) ve düşmenin (21,%18.3) görüldüğü ve
74 vakanın da (%64.3) olay sonrası cerrahi operasyon geçirmediği tespit
edilmiştir. Yaralanan bölge açısından bakıldığında alt ekstremite (36,%31.3) ve
üst ekstremite (28,%24.3) en fazla etkilenen bölgeler olarak bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Adli vakaların daha çok
genç-orta yaş grubunda ve erkek olması, bu grubunun iş ve sosyal hayatta daha
fazla yer alması ve Türkiye’nin genç bir nüfusa sahip olması ile açıklanabilir.
Adli vakaların olay türlerine bakıldığında en fazla trafik kazasının görülmesi,
araç sayılarının artması, sürücülerin dikkatsiz ve kurallara uymaması, yolların
kötü olması ve alkollü araç kullanılması trafik kazalarını artıran nedenler
olarak düşünülebilir. Adli vaka özelliklerinin belirlenmesi adli olayları
azaltma ve önlemede, eğitim çalışmalarında yol gösterici olacaktır. 

Anahtar kelimeler: Adli tıp, Ortopedi ve travmatoloji
Desempenho operacional e energético de um trator agrícola durante operação de gradagem
Authors: Farias Marcelo Silveira de , Schlosser José Fernando , Martini Alfran Tellechea , Bertollo Gilvan Moisés , Alvez Jorge Volpi
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a capacidade de campo efetiva e o consumo operacional de combustível de um trator agrícola, utilizando diferentes tamanhos de grades niveladoras e velocidades de trabalho, durante a operação de gradagem. O experimento foi conduzido sobre solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico, com delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso e três repetições, totalizando 27 unidades experimentais. Utilizaram-se três grades niveladoras leves de 28, 32 e 36 discos acopladas, por meio da barra de tração, em um trator agrícola, com potência máxima no motor de 57,5 kW (78,2 cv). Os dados foram registrados por meio de instrumentação eletrônica instalada no trator. Nestas condições, os resultados indicam que, tecnicamente, a maior velocidade compensa a menor largura de trabalho, porém trabalhar com grade mais larga e com menor velocidade, proporciona economia de combustível, tornando a operação de gradagem mais eficiente economicamente.
O problema do carteiro chinês aplicado na otimização das rotas de coleta de resíduos recicláveis: um estudo de caso
Authors: Moro Matheus Fernando , Andrade Dalton Francisco de , Santos Bruno Miranda dos , Neto Cyro Rei Prato , Battisti Juliane De Freitas
Published: August 2018

O Problema do Carteiro Chinês caracteriza-se pela roteirização de arcos e tem como objetivo a cobertura de arcos de um grafo, criando uma rota que passe ao menos uma vez em cada um destes arcos. Nesta pesquisa, o algoritmo do Problema do Carteiro Chinês foi aplicado na área urbana da cidade de Matelândia/PR, para otimizar a rota percorrida pelo caminhão de coleta de resíduos sólidos recicláveis. O estudo foi dividido em três partes: segunda-feira, terça-feira e quarta-feira, pois cada dia o caminhão faz uma rota diferente. Por meio do resultado do algoritmo do Carteiro Chinês utilizou-se do algoritmo de Fleury para encontrar a rota de cada um dos dias. A utilização destes algoritmos forneceu uma solução satisfatória para o problema de geração de rotas na coleta de resíduos sólidos recicláveis. Na área onde o Algoritmo do Carteiro Chinês foi aplicado, obteve-se um ganho aproximado de 23,45%, 33,12% e 40,13% para segunda, terça e quarta-feira respectivamente.
DELINEATION OF ORE OCCURRENCES IN ORE RESERVES APPRAISAL WITH MICROMINE PACKAGE
Authors: Osipov V. L.
Published: August 2018

The ore quality requirements include: cutoff grade, minimum thickness of ore body, maximum permissible thickness of interbeds  of barren rocks or offgrade ore within the ore body perimeter,  minimum metropercent (metrogram) calculated as the product of  cutoff grade and minimum ore body thickness. Recently, mineral  reserves appraisal has put in practice automation within specialized programs of geological–surveying data processing. The  principal subject in automation of ore occurrence delineation in  Micromine package and the topic of this article is delimitation of an  ore body across its thickness using the data from the ore quality  requirements. This becomes necessary when geological data on  external boundaries are absent, which is typical of variable  morphology ore bodies: mineralized dikes and zones, ore folds,  skarns, ore chimneys, etc. Previously, before this study, Micromine  package implemented appraisal of composite material reserves in  the following scenarios: along boreholes, by benches, by intervals,  by geology, by content. The programmers implemented ,since  version 16,the ore occurrence algorithm based on the ore quality  requirements using a method in a separate menu tab: Drillhole/  Compositing/ Grade (GKZ).The main kinds (parameters) of the ore occurrence algorithm are the Strictly rules and the Relaxed  rules.. The article describes general framework of the analysis of  ordinary ore occurrences, and similarity and distinctions in  performance of the main kinds of the algorithm. Technically, the ore  reserves appraisal based on the ore quality requirements should use  the algorithm where all the requirements are maximum possible  taken into account. In Micromine package, such algorithm is the  Strictly Rules with the option “Do not allow contiguous composites”.  Practically, there arises multivariate coupling and delimitation of ore  bodies in the identified ore occurrences. The article gives a few  somewhat formalized examples to illustrate appropriateness of one  or the other method of ore occurrence delineation. Automation of ore reserves appraisal results in essential acceleration of data processing. The described algorithms enable calculation and  statistical processing of numerous alternatives of ore occurrences  based on the input variables of the ore quality requirements: Cб, Mп,  Mр, MC within a short time provided that the data are prepared and clean.
Reproduction Properties of Wels Catfish (Silurus glanis, L., 1758) Inhabiting Sıddıklı Reservoir
Authors: YAZICI Ramazan , YILMAZ Mahmut , YAZICIOĞLU Okan
Published: August 2018

In
this study, some reproduction properties (sex ratio, reproduction period, egg
diameter and fecundity) of Silurus glanis inhabiting Sıddıklı Reservoir
were investigated. A total of 200 samples were caught between September 2015
and August 2016 from different regions of Sıddıklı Reservoir. Sex ratio was
calculated as 0.88:1.00 (Female: Male). The sex ratio was not statistically
different from the expected 1.00:1.00 (χ2= 0.841, P>0.05). The values of
gonadosomatic index (GSI) varied from 0.033 to 11.80 in females and 0.008 to
0.451 in males. According to GSI values, reproduction period of the S.
glanis in Sıddıklı Reservoir was determined to be between April and June.
The mean total fecundity and egg diameter were calculated as 46343
eggs/individual and 1.758 mm, respectively. Relative fecundity for each
kilogram of female fish was 13000 eggs. The strong relationships between total
fecundity-length and total fecundity-weight were determined (r2>0.80).
Bronchoscope saline injection method (ME Hejazi Method) in ruptured peripheral and central pulmonary hydatid cysts: a case series
Authors: Hejazi Mohammad Esmaeil , Tekantapeh Sepideh Tahsini , Maddahi Saeede
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThis paper mainly focuses on patients with ruptured pulmonary Echinococcus granulosus infections (alveolar hydatid disease), who suffered from ruptured alveolar hydatid cyst. In this study we aimed to remove these ruptured central and peripheral pulmonary hydatid cysts by the bronchoscopic saline injection method (ME Hejazi method). Case descriptionIn this retrospective study, we evaluated eight patients from an endemic area who were non-surgically treated for ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts at Imam Reza hospital between 2016-2017. By the bronchoscopic saline injection method (ME Hejazi method), we extracted the entire hydatid cysts of all patients by fiber optic bronchoscopy for the detachment of the underlying membrane from the cavity wall. There were three female and five male patients, with a mean age of 40 ± 23 years (range 17–63 years). Ruptured cysts were located in the peripheral (2) and central (6) parts of the lungs. All of our experiences have been successful without any complications and residual cyst membrane. During the follow-ups, clinical and radiological recovery were seen in these patients.ConclusionsIn the peripheral ruptured hydatid cysts, accurate recognition and location of the cyst is essential and the blind approach is not recommended because it needs several bronchoscopic interventions. Therefore the Hejazi method will be a beneficial and suitable alternative method for surgery in the treatment of patients with ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst with cyst membrane adhesions.
Tianeptinin Sıçanlarda İskemi Reperfüzyonla Oluşturulan Oksidatif Böbrek Hasarına Etkisi
Authors: SÜLEYMAN Bahadir , ÖZBEK BİLGİN Aslı , MAMMADOV Renad
Published: August 2018

Böbrek iskemi-reperfüzyon (İ/R) hasarı  şok, travma
ve böbrek transplantasyonu gibi majör cerrahi durumları takiben
gelişebilmektedir ve akut böbrek yetmezliğine neden
olmaktadır. Böbrek İ/R hasarının,   dokunun
oksijensiz  kalması ile başlayan ve  serbest oksijen
radikallerinin üretimi ile devam eden patolojik bir süreç olduğu
bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda böbrek İ/R hasarına etkisini araştıracağımız
tianeptin,  antioksidan özelliğe sahip atipik antidepresan bir
ilaçtır. Literetürlerde tianeptinin, İ/R ile oluşturulan böbrek hasarına
karşı etkisine ait bilgilere rastlanmadı. Çalışmamızın amacı tianeptinin, sıçanlarda İ/R ile oluşturulan
oksidatif böbrek hasarına etkisini araştırmaktır. Albino wistar türü erkek
sıçanlar renal iskemi-reperfüzyon (RİR), 25 mg/kg tianeptin+renal
iskemi-reperfüzyon (TİR-25) ve şam operasyonu uygulanacak (SG)
gruplara  ayrıldı. İ/R işlemi (bir saat iskemi, üç saat reperfüzyon),
25 mg/kg intraperitoneal tiopental sodyum anestezisi uygulanarak yapıldı.
Oksidatif hasar böbrek dokusunda malondialdehid (MDA) ve total glutatyon (tGSH)
ölçümü ile değerlendirildi. Biyokimyasal deney sonuçları, İ/R işleminin böbrek
dokusunda MDA miktarının artmasına tGSH’nın ise azalmasına neden olduğunu
göstermiştir. Tianeptinin, böbrek dokusunda MDA’nın İ/R ile artmasını ve
tGSH’nın azalmasını anlamlı önlediği saptanmıştır. Deney
sonuçlarımız, tianeptinin İ/R ile indüklenen oksidatif böbrek hasarını
önlemede yararlı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
An Efficient Synthesis of Novel Type Chalcones Containing 8-hydroxyquinoline Under Green Conditions
Authors: ARSLAN Tayfun
Published: August 2018

In
this study, new type of chalcones containing
8-hydroxyquinoline as
an alternative to natural and synthetic chalcones have synthesized for the
first time using microwave irradiation with environmentally benign approach.
Firstly, (E)-1-(4-((8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)diazenyl)phenyl)ethanone (3) were synthesized by diazotization of
p-aminoacetophenone. Secondly, most important step of synthesis included the
Claisen-Schmidt condensation of chalcones using the microwave method. The
structures of all compounds were characterized by means of FT-IR, NMR and
elemental analysis.
Prevalence and risk factors for bacterial vaginosis in sexually active females in age group 20-45 years and comparison of Amsel's criteria with Nugent's score
Authors: Ghattargi Sharadini , N. Sheela , Dias Mary
Published: August 2018

Background: In recent years Bacterial vaginosis has emerged as a global issue of concern due to its association with cervicitis, salphingitis, endometritis, postoperative infections, Urinary tract infections, pelvic inflammatory infections, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, abnormal Pap smears and increased susceptibility to HIV. Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common lower genital tract infections among women of childbearing age and yet its diagnosis can be problematic. Gardnerella has been reported in upto 50% of women with no signs or symptoms of Bacterial vaginosis. So, it is important to know the prevalence and risk factors of Bacterial vaginosis, so that requirement of screening, early diagnosis and management can be planned.Methods: After obtaining ethical committee approval, hundred consenting patients between 20-45 yrs of women, diagnosis by Amsel’s criteria was done in gynaecology outpatient department and diagnosis by Nugent criteria was done in microbiology laboratory.Results: In present study authors had a prevalence of 37% and among them 48.65% were asymptomatic. Bacterial vaginosis was statistically significantly associated with multipara and the trend was more towards low socio-economic group and lower education. In our study we considered Nugent’s criteria as gold standard and found that Amsel’s criteria had positive predictive value = 88.88%, negative predictive value = 79.67%, sensitivity = 71.11% and specificity = 92.73%.Conclusions: Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 37%, which is a significant proportion and therefore screening for bacterial vaginosis may be useful to detect and treat the cases, larger trials are required before any recommendation can be made.
Antipartum surveillance by scoring system for pregnancy outcome of cesarean section in a tertiary referral centre of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Jain Sapna B. , Tripathi Rashmi
Published: August 2018

Background: It is imperative to find out high risk pregnancy for providing apt care to the needy mother and fetus, so application of risk scoring system helps in pin pointing the at-risk patient and also gives a notion about the prognosis of fetal and maternal wellbeing. This study aims to evaluate the clinical application of risk scoring system in cesarean delivery for identification and management of risk pregnancies appropriately to improve perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality.Methods: LNMC Bhopal M.P. a tertiary referral centre with approximately 2100 delivery / year and cesarean rate of 33%, serving primarily rural population. This prospective analytical study conducted from July 2017 till June 2018. Focused on the combination of the principal predictors of obstetric outcome taken from the previously published scoring system were applied on 120 cases of unplanned at risk caesarean section and summed up to identify risk-pregnancy and its predictive value for maternal and perinatal outcome.Results: It was determined by birth weight, APGAR score, birth asphyxia and NICU admission, Perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Out of 120 caesarean cases 25% grouped in high risk, 58.3% low risk and 16.6%moderate group and their perinatal outcome was compared. 90% and 15% of the high risk and moderate group respectively had high risk neonates. In the high-risk group 2% had neonatal death, while no mortality in low risk cases. Maternal outcome was analysed by HDU admission 3% mothers were admitted in HDU with eclampsia and multi organ failure with one maternal mortality due to HELLP syndrome other recovered well, while one patient left against medical advice due to high expenses.Conclusions: Risk evaluation by simplified scoring system is an easy and economical way to identify high risk pregnancy to provide quick, comprehensive and quality health services to needy mother and neonate at right time, thus help in lowering the perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity even at PHC level.
Importação, Exportação e Consenso Regional na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Neuman Gerald L.
Published: August 2018

A Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos elaborou um significativo corpo jurisprudencial de direitos humanos por meio da interpretação de convenções regionais de direitos humanos, da adaptação de precedentes globais, europeus e do soft law global. A Corte Interamericana também aspirou influenciar para além de sua região ao oferecer interpretações inovadoras dos direitos humanos e identificando normas caracterizadas como jus cogens. A metodologia da Corte nos anos recentes parece atribuir insuficiente consideração ao consenso da comunidade regional dos Estados como um fator na interpretação evolutiva de um tratado de direitos humanos. O artigo ilustra e critica essa tendência, e argumenta que maior atenção aos indícios de consenso regional poderia aprimorar a aceitação e a eficácia do sistema interamericano de direitos humanos.
A violência alteritária: a negação do outro no brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Fonseca Paulo Henrique , Abreu Leonardo Lani
Published: August 2018

Nunca foi tão necessário falar sobre violência quanto nos dias de hoje, nos quais as situações de violação à integridade dos seres humanos atingiram um nível tão alarmante que quaisquer esperanças de um futuro mais harmônico parecem infundadas. No mundo, em geral, e no Brasil, em particular, acumulam-se os exemplos de banalização da violência, tais como os episódios recentes de ódio a imigrantes, registrados na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, e, no caso brasileiro, as decapitações ocorridas durante rebeliões em presídios, o assassinato de indígenas e trabalhadores rurais e o assalto à democracia e aos direitos sociais. Se é verdade que a humanidade sempre foi violenta, também é verdadeiro que os novos meios de comunicação, ao transformarem o mundo numa aldeia, aumentaram a percepção a respeito da violência de um modo jamais visto antes. A própria internet tem se transformado cada vez mais em uma arena em que se embatem opiniões muitas vezes irreconciliáveis. Porém, considerando-se que o simples lamento quanto aos efeitos nocivos da violência é contraproducente, é necessário perquirir acerca das causas desse fenômeno, a fim de mitigar o sofrimento por ele causado, e uma primeira constatação é desde logo evidente: a de que a violência, ao permear, em variados graus de intensidade, todas as relações humanas, desponta como um elemento estrutural da sociedade. Com isso, não se pretende dizer que essa violência alteritária, que recai sobre o "alter", o outro, e se manifesta em três níveis - intergrupal, intragrupal e individual -, seja inevitável, mas sim lançar as bases para perscrutar suas raízes, por meio da adoção de um viés interdisciplinar e do método histórico-dialético, no intuito de promover a tomada de consciência em torno da natureza da violência, tanto por parte de suas vítimas quanto de seus agentes.
Para além de uma crítica aos direitos humanos: a interculturalidade como alternativa
Authors: Monteiro Michelle Alves , Squeff Tatiana Cardoso
Published: August 2018

A fim de se trazer à tona a problemática que o sistema jurídico gera, baseado numa estrutura colonialista, europeia e universalista, que prima pela observância de direitos humanos, cujo discurso é fundamentalmente excludente àqueles que não fazem parte do grupo dominante - o homem branco europeu proprietário cristão ocidental, o presente trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar as incompletudes e desigualdades reproduzidas pelo discurso dos direitos humanos. Assim, para que se vislumbrem os paradoxos existentes, apresenta-se um breve estudo acerca da construção da concepção de direitos humanos, dando-se destaque aos direitos naturais, que serviram de suporte para o que se ainda entende por direitos humanos, de modo que se elabora uma crítica a tal discurso exatamente por ele ser eurocêntrico, universalista, colonialista e, portanto, restrito, a fim de que seja possível ressaltar outra forma de pensar os direitos humanos, reconhecendo e respeitando a diversidade cultural, tendo por escopo a formação de um discurso dos direitos humanos emancipatório e não excludente, que prime pela interculturalidade.
Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: conhecimentos e práticas de enfermeiros da atenção primária
Authors: Santos Wallison Pereira dos , Freitas Fernanda Beatriz Dantas de , Silva Joice Pereira da , Souza Fernanda Teixeira de , Alexandrino Arthur , Costa José Lindemberg Bezerra da , Alencar Cândida Mirna de Souza Alves
Published: August 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar o conhecimento e as práticas dos enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde e quais estratégias de persuasão são utilizadas no enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada no mês de setembro de 2017, na cidade de Cuité, Utilizou-se formulário estruturado e análise descritiva. Participaram cinco enfermeiros. A idade variou entre 21 e 55 anos; três eram mulheres.Quanto ao conhecimento sobre as doenças crônicas mais prevalentes no município, foi majoritariamente citadas a Hipertensão Arterial e o Diabetes Mellitus, apenas um dos enfermeiros sinalizou as neoplasias na sua área de abrangência. Os enfermeiros afirmam não encontrar estímulos estruturais, burocráticos e financeiros que favoreçam a atuação efetiva do serviço de atenção primária.
Qualidade de vida no trabalho: um relato sobre manicures
Authors: Jorge Iranise Moro Pereira , Dario Kelly Hellmann , Belletti Amanda Nascimento Oliveira
Published: August 2018

Sendo o trabalho umas das áreas de ocupação, o terapeuta ocupacional contribui para a prevenção e promoção da saúde no contexto laboral. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar a qualidade de vida de profissionais do serviço de manicure e pedicure. Utilizou-se metodologia com abordagem quantitativa, exploratória, descritiva e de caráter transversal. A coleta de dados aconteceu no segundo semestre de 2012, sendo utilizada uma anamnese e questionário denominado de WHOQOL-Bref, contando com a participação de 31 pessoas de um salão de beleza em Curitiba/PR. Os resultados apontam baixo escore para o domínio Relações Sociais (Autoestima e Relações Pessoais), e uma pontuação alta para o domínio Físico (Energia e Capacidade de Trabalho). Conclui-se que para uma qualidade de vida satisfatória almeja-se um equilíbrio entre as diversas áreas de ocupação humana, visando saúde e bem-estar.
O abatimento mecanizado de rochas instáveis e segurança no trabalho em mina subterrânea de ouro
Authors: Faria Mario Parreiras de , Assunção Ada Ávila
Published: August 2018

Nos últimos anos, a introdução de um equipamento chamado de scaler buscou controlar a exposição ao risco de acidentes durante a atividade de abatimento de “choco”. Os objetivos deste artigo são analisar as vantagens e limitações da tecnologia de abatimento mecanizado de rochas instáveis; identificar as dificuldades e os riscos para os operadores e as estratégias utilizadas no desempenho da atividade. Realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa, combinando análise documental e entrevistas com seis trabalhadores durante quatro sessões coletivas, utilizando roteiro prévio. O uso do scaler trouxe benefícios para a segurança e minimizou o esforço físico necessário na atividade. Fatores organizacionais e a concepção do equipamento agravam a situação, uma vez que não levam em conta as características físicas e psicológicas dos operadores e a gestão implicada na atividade.
Alterações no desempenho ocupacional de pessoas com doença renal crônica em diálise peritoneal
Authors: Moraes Alice Da Silva , Souza Airle Miranda de , Sena Teresa Christina Da Cruz Bezerra de , Falcão Luiz Fábio Magno , Corrêa Victor Augusto Cavaleiro
Published: August 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho ocupacional de pacientes diagnosticados com DRC e que realizavam Diálise Peritoneal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, do tipo observacional e transversal, em que foi aplicada a Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional em 12 pacientes, realizada de junho a agosto de 2016. As áreas do desempenho ocupacional como trabalhar, viajar, alimentar-se e realizar tarefas domésticas sofreram alterações significativas após o inicio da Diálise Peritoneal. Todas as áreas observadas apresentaram alteração e afetaram as ocupações desempenhadas. Verifica-se a necessidade de avaliação e acompanhamento de pacientes e suas atividades ocupacionais para que intervenções ao longo do tratamento sejam viabilizadas.
Capacidade para o trabalho e qualidade de vida de trabalhadores atendidos na atenção primária
Authors: Dutra Fabiana Caetano Martins , Sousa Alline Alves de , Vieira Patrícia Maria , Pacheco Edna Aparecida Carvalho , Querino Rosimár Alves , Aragão Ailton De Souza
Published: August 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a capacidade para o trabalho e qualidade de vida de trabalhadores atendidos pela rede pública municipal de saúde de Uberaba-MG, e identificar possíveis associações entre capacidade para o trabalho, qualidade de vida e características sócio demográficas, econômicas e ocupacionais. Estudo transversal, envolvendo 111 trabalhadoresavaliados com um questionário sobre características sociodemográficas, econômicas e ocupacionais; SF-36 para avaliação de qualidade de vida e o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho, no período de março a outubro de 2013.Para análise dos dados empregou-se estatística descritiva, teste Mann-Whitney e correlação de Speraman. A amostra foi composta em sua maioria por mulheres, com menos de 44 anos e ativa no trabalho. A capacidade para o trabalho apresentou associação significativa com idade, escolaridade, tempo de afastamento do trabalho, e com todos os domínios da qualidade de vida. Sugere-seações de preservação da capacidade do indivíduo no trabalho e melhorias na qualidade de vida.
Women's Use of Indigenous Knowledge for Environmental Security and Sustainable Development in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Aluko Yetunde Adebunmi
Published: August 2018

Indigenous women are important part of a community’s social capital. This study examined women’s use of Indigenous knowledge (IK) for environmental security and sustainable development in southwest Nigeria. Qualitative data was collected using in-depth interviews conducted among 80 purposively selected rural Yoruba women. The data were analysed using descriptive tools such as frequencies, percentages, and content analysis. The findings reveal an extensive wealth of IK used in agriculture, food processing and preservation, family health care, and child care. The findings also suggest that paying attention to IK will help to incorporate culture as part of rural development and sustainable development in Nigeria, leading to more successful outcomes using place-based knowledge. Indigenous women can, and should, contribute to the design and implementation of sustainable development initiatives because of their extensive IK.
Vergi Kaçırma Analizinde İki Yeni Yöntem: Ajan Tabanlı Modelleme ve Ekonofizik
Authors: Arslan M. Oğuz
Published: August 2018

Günümüzde
mükelleflerin vergi kaçırma davranışının açıklanması oldukça önemli bir konu
haline gelmiştir. Bu amaçla geleneksel yöntemlere ek olarak hesaplamalı
yöntemler olan ajan tabanlı modelleme ve ekonofizik gibi yeni yaklaşımlara
başvurulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada incelenen örnek modeller bu iki yeni yaklaşımın
da vergi kaçırma davranışlarının karmaşık yapısını açıklamada uygun ve gerçekçi
yaklaşımlar olarak değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, her
iki yaklaşımın yalnızca ekonomi bilimi için değil, sosyal bilimlerin tüm
dalları için yeni olanaklar sunduğu açıktır.
Developments in cacao breeding programmes in Africa and the Americas
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil, Ahnert Dário , Eskes Albertus Bernardus ,   formerly CIRAD and Bioversity International, France
Published: August 2018

This chapter explores the main developments in cacao breeding programmes in Trinidad, Brazil, Ecuador and Costa Rica in the Americas; and Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroon in Africa. The different types of commercial cacao cultivars and breeding programme objectives are described. Heterosis and heterotic groups in cacao, and the contrast between ‘traditional’ and new cacao breeding methods are explored. Finally, the issue of breeding cacao for organoleptic quality is examined and future developments in this area are discussed.
Improving soil and nutrient management for cacao cultivation
Authors:   CIRAD, UR Systèmes de pérennes, France, Snoeck Didier , Dubos Bernard ,   CIRAD, UR Systèmes de pérennes, France
Published: August 2018

The results of early fertiliser trials on cacao showed that phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) always had positive effects, along with variable effects from calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The variability of yield responses to nutrients pointed to the need to link the nutrients with each other or with other factors, in particular with soil, climate, and topography. This chapter outlines an approach to nutrition management based on correcting the soil so that the cacao can find the nutrients it needs in optimal quantities and balances. Through two detailed case studies, the chapter discusses the determination of fertiliser formula by physical-chemical analyses of a sample of soil taken from each plot to be corrected. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future trends in this area and suggests further reading on the subject.
Cocoa diseases: witches’ broom
Authors:   Federal University of Lavras, Brazil, De Souza Jorge Teodoro , Pereira Monteiro Fernando ,   Federal University of Lavras, Brazil,   UNIVAG Centro Universitário, Brazil, Ferreira Maria Alves ,   Federal University of Lavras, Brazil, Gramacho Karina Peres ,   Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC), Brazil, Martins Newman Luz Edna Dora ,   Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC), Brazil
Published: August 2018

Witches' broom, caused by the hemibiotrophic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa, is one of the most important cocoa diseases. The pathogen co-evolved with cocoa in the Amazon River basin and is currently restricted to South and Central America. Other cocoa-producing regions of the world are at risk because the introduction of the pathogen would greatly impact cocoa production. In the last few years new technologies such as NGS, bioinformatics, transformation, and the establishment of a model host-plant interaction accelerated the gain of information and have enabled significant advances in our knowledge of witches’ broom. In this chapter, we review the information on witches' broom, including the latest information on disease physiology, genomics and transcriptomics, diversity, and management practices.
Cacao diseases: vascular-streak dieback
Authors:   University of Sydney, Australia, Guest David I. , Keane Philip J. ,   LaTrobe University,  Australia
Published: August 2018

‘Vascular-streak dieback’ (VSD) was the name given to a devastating disease of cacao, first described in Papua New Guinea in the 1960s and later found to be caused by a previously undescribed tullasneloid basidiomycete, Oncobasidium theobromae (now Ceratobasidium theobromae). This chapter describes the symptoms of VSD and the biology of the pathogen, the disease’s epidemiology and methods of management, as well as including a detailed case study showing the importance of field studies of the disease. The chapter anticipates future trends for research into this disease and suggests further reading on the subject.
Nematode pests of cocoa
Authors:   Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Nigeria, Orisajo Samuel
Published: August 2018

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause cocoa yield losses, a sudden death of trees and retardation of seedling growth in nurseries. This chapter explains the hidden nature and the masking effects of these nematodes and how these have led to erroneous control measures. The chapter describes the nematode pests associated with cocoa and the symptoms of damage. It also addresses several available control options and outlines how nematode management is essential in order to reduce crop losses and to ensure self-sufficiency for food and industrial raw materials. The chapter finally looks ahead to future research in this area and provides additional reading for those interested in researching further.
Advances in pest- and disease-resistant cocoa varieties
Authors:   CIRAD, France, Cilas Christian , Sounigo Olivier ,   CIRAD, France, Efombagn Bruno ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Cameroon, Nyassé Salomon ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Cameroon, Tahi Mathias ,   CNRA, Côte d’Ivoire, Bharath Sarah M. ,   Meridian Cacao, USA
Published: August 2018

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause cocoa yield losses, a sudden death of trees and retardation of seedling growth in nurseries. This chapter explains the hidden nature and the masking effects of these nematodes and how these have led to erroneous control measures. The chapter describes the nematode pests associated with cocoa and the symptoms of damage. It also addresses several available control options and outlines how nematode management is essential in order to reduce crop losses and to ensure self-sufficiency for food and industrial raw materials. The chapter finally looks ahead to future research in this area and provides additional reading for those interested in researching further.