bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan Portal Informasi Web Sebagai Terobosan Terbaru Untuk Layanan Referensi
Authors: Adi Nugroho Prasetyo
Published: December 2021

Perkembangan jaman yang semakin maju telah mengubah banyak hal terutama perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat.Memaksa masyarakat untuk mengikuti arus yang pada dasarnya adalah globalisasi. Seperti halnya perpustakaan kini telahberkembang mengikuti arus globalisasi dan arus perkembangan teknologi informasi yang dibutuhkan pun beragam dibedakan dari jenis usia dan jenis keperluan masing-masing. Dari situ perpustakaan berusaha untuk memberi kepuasan kepada parapemustakanya. Kecocokan informasi yang ada, dengan kebutuhan pemustaka merupakan salah satu cara kita mengoptimalkan akses informasi. Sistem penemuan kembali informasi berguna untuk mencocokkan apa yang tersedia, dengan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh pemustaka perpustakaan. Layanan referensi online berbentuk portal web adalah salah satu jawaban dari kebutuhan masyarakat atau pemustaka yang haus akan informasi.
Kesadahan Air Minum dengan Kadar Kalsium Urin dan Keluhan Kesehatan pada Masyarakat Samaran Barat Desa Samaran Sampang
Authors: Sa'adah Ulfa Lailatus , Mukono J , Sulistyorini Lilis , Setioningrum Rica Naudita Krisna
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Delapan bulan terakhir pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 19 kasus penyakit batu saluran kemih ditemukan di Kabupaten Sampang. Peneliti melakukan studi pendahuluan pada Januari 2020, ditemukan empat kasus batu saluran kemih di masyarakat Samaran Barat. Daerah penelitian ini merupakan perbukitan kapur sehingga kesadahan air sumur tinggi, dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan.Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kesadahan air minum dengan kadar kalsium urin dan keluhan kesehatan pada masyarakat Samaran Barat.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi analitik cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Dukuh Samaran Barat, Desa Samaran, Kecamatan Tambelangan, Kabupaten Sampang. Populasi penelitian adalah penduduk Dukuh Samaran Barat yang berjumlah 50 orang, dengan sampel 34 responden. Sampel yang diambil menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Variabel penelitian meliputi kesadahan air minum sumur gali, kadar kalsium urin responden dan keluhan kesehatannya. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode uji statsitik Chi-squareHasil: Hasil analisis data didapatkan bahwa kesadahan air minum tidak berhubungan dengan kadar kalsium urin (p = 0,945), dan kadar kalsium urin tidak berhubungan dengan keluhan kesehatan, keluhan mual (p = 0,07), keluhan muntah (p = 1,00), keluhan demam (p = 1,00), nyeri pinggang (p = 1,00), dan keluhan nyeri kemih pada saat buang air kecil (p = 0,143).Kesimpulan: Kesadahan air minum dan kadar kalsium urin tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan. Namun kadar rata-rata kalsium urin responden sebesar 17,6 mg/dL. Kadar tersebut terkumpul dalam waktu lama dan menjadi penyebab awal gejala penyakit batu saluran kemih. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar kalsium urin dengan keluhan kesehatan. Keluhan akan muncul setelah terjadi sumbatan (obstruksi), infeksi ataupun kombinasi keduanya.Kata kunci: kesadahan air minum, kadar kalsium urin, keluhan kesehatan
The Evolvement of the Israeli Grandmother – As Reflected in Children’s Book Illustrations
Authors: Dori Nitsa
Published: December 2021

Gender and ageism as mirrored in illustrations of grandmothers in Hebrew children’s books (1930-2020), shed light on the Israeli reality, which shows the world’s portrayal of grandmothers as sometimes empowering and sometimes discriminatory. This article draws from the fields of the visual arts, gender studies, sociology, and culture, and emphasizes the power of illustration in children’s literature as an activistic tool for changing social and familial awareness among young receivers. The grandmother (and, recently, also the grandfather) is a popular character in children’s literature. The article will present models which shape the consciousness of children’s book illustrators regarding old age with the aid of many visual examples. This article will enable deeper understanding of the gender-based messages and effects of visual interpretation. This study can serve as a tool for educators and parents, to help children develop critical, independent, and value-based thinking. The article concludes that in today’s books, grandmothers appear more connected to advanced technology than ever. The illustrators of today’s children’s books connect with the model of the new grandmother and draw her wearing jeans and without wrinkles. In parallel, we also see traditionally-portrayed grandmothers in certain illustrations in recent books, from a post-feminist, rather than stereotypical, approach.
Principios-guía y leyes especiales
Authors: Díez José , Moulines C. Ulises
Published: December 2021

La finalidad de este trabajo es revisar una de las nociones centrales de la metateoría estructuralista, la noción de principio-guía, mostrar su fecundidad para abordar algunas cuestiones centrales tanto de filosofía general como de filosofía especial de la ciencia, así como de historia de la filosofía de la ciencia, y, por último, revisar y valorar algunas propuestas de elucidación de la misma. La conclusión es que se trata de una noción tan fructífera como difícil de analizar.
A natureza e a estrutura das teorias científicas
Authors: Moulines C. Ulises
Published: December 2021

Na filosofia da ciência duas questões tornam-se centrais na discussão da natureza da ciência empírica: 1) o que é uma teoria (científica)? Ou seja, como é construída, como funciona? E, 2) como é que uma teoria se relaciona com sua base experiencial correspondente? Para lidar com estas duas questões, a moderna filosofia da ciência concebeu vários “modelos” (metateóricos) sobre a natureza e o funcionamento das teorias científicas. Alguns aspectos desses modelos são amplamente aceitos pela comunidade de filósofos da ciência, mas outros ainda estão sendo discutidos de forma bastante controversa. Neste artigo, vamos considerar ambos tipos de aspectos. Particularmente, analisaremos como o significado dos conceitos científicos é determinado; a construção axiomática de uma teoria científica; a ideia de construção de modelos como uma ponte entre a teoria e a experiência; a tese semântica holística da ciência; a questão sobre a verdade das teorias científicas e, finalmente, a estrutura hierárquica das teorias.
A teoria do discurso e análise do discurso
Authors: Ferreira Fabio Alves
Published: December 2021

Neste trabalho pretendemos analisar as propostas de construção social da realidade a partir da Teoria do Discurso, na perspectiva de Ernesto Laclau e da análise do discurso de Michel Foucault. Um discurso na perspectiva de Laclau ocorre pela articulação contingente de identidades, em torno de demandas hegemonizadas por uma das identidades que configuram o sentido da realidade. Esse fechamento de sentido é sempre inacabável e, portanto, é contingente e temporário. Já para Foucault o sentido do discurso não está preso às suas condições de emergência passadas, e o que o define não é tanto um conjunto de aspectos comuns, mas um conjunto de regras de formação comuns e um marco institucional desde onde a autoridade do discurso emana. Aqui pretendemos expor os pressupostos epistemológicos dos dois autores e suas implicações na construção do político.
Metafísica empírica ou empirismo radical: Bergson e a superação fenomenológica do intelectualismo representacionista
Authors: Prates João Batista
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho procura descrever, de maneira sucinta, o método bergsonista. Para isso, sugere aproximações entre o bergsonismo e a fenomenologia naquilo que se propõe um “empirismo radical”, ao mesmo tempo que demonstra a sua superação ao encaminhar-se do fenomênico ao real, do para si ao em si. Na busca da realidade em si mesma o bergsonismo descortinará uma realidade ampliada para além dos quadros do intelectualismo clássico, ombreando as pesquisas surrealistas do romantismo e da Escola de Frankfurt, somando-se a eles naquilo que empenharão a crítica à razão instrumental entendida como o todo das possibilidades da razão, concepção racionalista herdada da modernidade positivista que, em última instância, reifica o mundo natural e opõe ser humano e natureza de forma radical. A superação deste estreitamento da razão resolverá não só problemas teóricos da História da filosofia: a aposta de Bergson é que fazê-lo significará a um só tempo elevar o padrão moral da humanidade.
Determining COVID-19 Dynamics Using Physics Informed Neural Networks
Authors: Malinzi Joseph , Gwebu Simanga , Motsa Sandile
Published: December 2021

The Physics Informed Neural Networks framework is applied to the understanding of the dynamics of Coronavirus of 2019. To provide the governing system of equations used by the framework, the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Death mathematical model is used. The study focused on finding the patterns of the dynamics of the disease which involves predicting the infection rate, recovery rate and death rate; thus predicting the active infections, total recovered, susceptible and deceased at any required time. The study used data that was collected on the dynamics of COVID-19 from the Kingdom of Eswatini between March 2020 and September 2021. The obtained results showed less errors thus making highly accurate predictions.
Numerical Simulation of the Fracture Behaviour of High-Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete by Using a Cohesive-Crack-Based Inverse Analysis
Authors: Enfedaque Alejandro , Alberti Marcos G. , Gálvez Jaime C. , Cabanas Pedro
Published: December 2021

Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has become an alternative for structural applications due its outstanding mechanical properties. The appearance of new types of fibres and the fibre cocktails that can be configured mixing them has created FRC that clearly exceed the minimum mechanical properties required in the standards. Consequently, in order to take full advantage of the contribution of the fibres in construction projects, it is of great interest to have constitutive models that simulate the behaviour of the materials. This study aimed to simulate the fracture behaviour of five types of FRC, three with steel hooked fibres, one with a combination of two types of steel fibres and one with a combination of polyolefin fibres and two types of steel fibres, by means of an inverse analysis based on the cohesive crack approach. The results of the numerical simulations defined the softening functions of each FRC formulation and have pointed out the synergies that are created through use of fibre cocktails. The information obtained might suppose a remarkable advance for designers using high-performance FRC in structural elements.
A Clinical Risk Model for Surgical Site Infection Following Pediatric Spine Deformity Surgery
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroko , Larson Elaine L. , Warren Shay I. , Hammoor Bradley T. , Bonsignore-Opp Lisa , Troy Michael J. , Barrett Kody K. , Striano Brendan M. , Li Gen , Terry Mary Beth , Roye Benjamin D. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Skaggs David L. , Glotzbecker Michael P. , Flynn John M. , Roye David P. , Vitale Michael G.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Despite tremendous efforts, the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) following the surgical treatment of pediatric spinal deformity remains a concern. Although previous studies have reported some risk factors for SSI, these studies have been limited by not being able to investigate multiple risk factors at the same time. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a wide range of preoperative and intraoperative factors in predicting SSI and to develop and validate a prediction model that quantifies the risk of SSI for individual pediatric spinal deformity patients.

Methods:

Pediatric patients with spinal deformity who underwent primary, revision, or definitive spinal fusion at 1 of 7 institutions were included. Candidate predictors were known preoperatively and were not modifiable in most cases; these included 31 patient, 12 surgical, and 4 hospital factors. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition of SSI within 90 days of surgery was utilized. Following multiple imputation and multicollinearity testing, predictor selection was conducted with use of logistic regression to develop multiple models. The data set was randomly split into training and testing sets, and fivefold cross-validation was performed to compare discrimination, calibration, and overfitting of each model and to determine the final model. A risk probability calculator and a mobile device application were developed from the model in order to calculate the probability of SSI in individual patients.

Results:

A total of 3,092 spinal deformity surgeries were included, in which there were 132 cases of SSI (4.3%). The final model achieved adequate discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.76), as well as calibration and no overfitting. Predictors included in the model were nonambulatory status, neuromuscular etiology, pelvic instrumentation, procedure time ≥7 hours, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade >2, revision procedure, hospital spine surgical cases <100/year, abnormal hemoglobin level, and overweight or obese body mass index.

Conclusions:

The risk probability calculator encompassing patient, surgical, and hospital factors developed in the present study predicts the probability of 90-day SSI in pediatric spinal deformity surgery. This validated calculator can be utilized to improve informed consent and shared decision-making and may allow the deployment of additional resources and strategies selectively in high-risk patients.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
En teselas exactas de memoria: glosas a «Materia materna» de José Lara Garrido
Authors: Ponce Cárdenas Jesús
Published: December 2021

Artículo-reseña sobre el poemario 'Materia materna' de José Lara Garrido
Development of smartphone-based semi-prepared runway operations (SPRO) models and methods
Authors: Ward Andrew , Falls Anthony , Rutland Craig
Published: December 2021

The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has developed a method for predicting surface friction response by use of ground vehicles equipped with deceleration-based measurement devices. Specifically, the ERDC has developed models and measurement methods between the Findlay Irvine Mk2 GripTester and a variety of deceleration measurement devices: Bowmonk AFM2 Mk3, Xsens MTi-G-710, two Android smartphones, and two iOS smartphones. These models show positive correlation between ground vehicle deceleration and fixed-slip surface continuous surface friction measurement. This effort extends prior work conducted by the U.S. Army ERDC in developing highly correlative models between the Findlay Irvine Mk2 GripTester and actual C-17 braking deceleration, measured via the runway condition rating (RCR) system. The models and measurement methods detailed here are of considerable use to semi-prepared airfield managers around the world needing to measure safe landing conditions following inclement weather. This work provides the tools necessary for airfield managers to quantify safe landing conditions for C-17 aircraft by using easily obtainable equipment and simple test standards.
Data collection tools for river geomorphology studies : LiDAR and traditional methods
Authors: Haring Christopher
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this review is to highlight LiDAR data usage for geomorphic studies and compare to other remote sensing technologies. This review further identifies survey efficiencies and issues that can be problematic in using LiDAR digital elevation models (DEMs) in completing surveys and geomorphic analysis. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) geospatial data collection guidance (EM 1110-1-1000) (USACE 2015) aligns with the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Positional Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data (ASPRS 2014). Geomorphic assessment technologies are rapidly evolving, and LiDAR data collection methods are at the forefront. The FluvialGeomorph (FG) toolbox, developed to support USACE watershed planning, is a recent example of the use of LiDAR high-resolution terrain data to provide a new, efficient approach for rapid watershed assessments (Haring et al. 2020; Haring and Biedenharn 2021). However, there are advantages and disadvantages in using LiDAR data compared to other remote sensing technologies and traditional topographic field survey methods.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Organisasi Pada Kelompok Usaha X (Pendekatan 7s Framework Of Mckinsey)
Authors: Widiantoro Didik , Arief Yanwar , Rizal Irfani , Sari Wina Diana , Gohensen Rino
Published: December 2021

Perkembangan era globalisasi menjadikan persaiangan dunia usaha dan industri semakin meningkat pesat. Usaha X termasuk kedalam usaha mandiri yang didirikan dengan tujuan mengembangan keterampilan serta perekonomian kelompok dari Usaha X, pada akhirnya Usaha X ini berhasil didirikan pada tahun 2020. Salah satu metode efektif yang dapat dilakukan untuk melihat efektivitas Usaha X adalah dengan menggunakan analisis 7s Mc Kinsey. Tujuan dari pelaksanaan penelitian ini ialah untuk Mengevaluasi efektivitas kinerja Usaha X dan Menganalisa kebutuhan pengembangan Usaha X berdasarkan hasil asesmen dan analisis yang dilakukan. Metode utama yang digunakan dalam deksriftif kualitatif dengan observasi dan wawancara yang menjadi metode pengumpulan data. Berpedoman dari hasil yang diperoleh memperlihatkan sasaran yang ditentukan pada awal untuk pengembangan terkait keterampilan individu sebagai pengurus usaha X belum jelas. Oleh sebab itu, Goal Setting Training dibutuhkan untuk psikoedukasi/pelatihan dalam usaha X untuk peningkatan kinerja untuk mencapai tujuan yang tepat dan jelas.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nanofibers Membranes using Electrospinning Technology for Oil Removal
Authors: Al-Naemi Amer Naji , Abdul-Majeed Mohammed Amer , Al-Furaiji Mustafa H. , Ghazi Inmar N
Published: December 2021

Oily wastewater is one of the most challenging streams to deal with especially if the oil exists in emulsified form. In this study, electrospinning method was used to prepare nanofiberous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and study their performance in oil removal. Graphene particles were embedded in the electrospun PVDF membrane to enhance the efficiency of the membranes. The prepared membranes were characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to verify the graphene stabilization on the surface of the membrane homogeneously; while FTIR was used to detect the functional groups on the membrane surface. The membrane wettability was assessed by measuring the contact angle. The PVDF and PVDF / Graphene membranes efficiency was tested in separation of emulsified oil from aqueous solutions. The results showed that PVDF-Graphene nanofiber membrane exhibited better performance than the plain PVDF nanofiber membrane with average water flux of 210 and 180 L.m-2.h-1, respectively. Both membranes showed high oil rejection with more than 98%.
A New Higher Order Displacement Discontinuity Method Based on the Joint Element for Analysis of Close-Spacing Planar Fractures
Authors: Li Jiawei , Liu Yongzan , Wu Kan
Published: December 2021

The 2D displacement discontinuity method (DDM) has been widely used to characterize the hydraulic fracture geometry and the induced in-situ stresses in the oil and gas industry owing to its simplicity and accuracy. As smaller fracture spacing is used by multistage fracturing, the constant DDM (CDDM) loses its accuracy in predicting the fracture behaviors, especially for the inner fractures in a stage where they are subjected to the strong stress shadowing effect. In this paper, the 2D higher order DDM (HDDM) based on the joint elements was developed to overcome this limitation. The higher order displacement discontinuity intensively increases the accuracy of CDDM but maintains the same amount of computation time by using patched-element pattern. The joint elements are introduced to simultaneously determine the opening, shearing, and closing of each fracture element based on the stress boundary condition, which can avoid the “negative width” of the inner fractures given by CDDM which are mechanically closed under the strong stress shadowing effect. The developed 2D joint element HDDM (JE-HDDM) gives the same results with the CDDM when the fracture spacing is relatively large, but shows its outperformance in both efficiency and accuracy over the CDDM in predicting the displacement discontinuities and induced in-situ stresses in close fracture-spacing case.
Bacterial communities in the polluted area of pyrite tailings: From the upstream, pollutant source, and to the downstream
Authors: Li Wenkai , Han Yun , Lei Hongwei , Zheng Tianlong , Lian Yiming , Gao Po
Published: December 2021

Pyrite tailings can cause serious pollution to the surface water as the strong acidity, high iron and sulfate concentration in the leachate. The bacterial communities of pyrite tailings polluted area were still unclear which could restrict the recognition of the pyrite tailings pollution effect and further impede the development of microbial or ecology treatment technologies. In this study, the bacterial communities in the polluted area of pyrite tailings, from the upstream, pollutant source, and to the downstream, were analyzed with Illumina HiSeq sequencing. Results showed that Acinetobacter and Flavobacterium were abundant in the water and sediment of upstream and downstream while Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia were abundant in the pollutant source. Sulfur-metabolizing or iron-metabolizing bacteria extensively existed in the polluted area in which Acidiferrobacter, Ferrithrix, and Desulfovibrio played crucial roles on the whole communities. Sulfur-metabolizing bacteria (e.g. Thiomonas, Sulfurospirillum, and Desulfobulbus) and iron-metabolizing bacteria (e.g. Ferrimicrobium, Ferrithrix, and Ferrovum) were introduced to the river polluted by pyrite tailings. Pyrite tailings can remarkably change the physicochemical characteristics and bacterial communities of river water and sediment.
Electronic structure, Mechanical and Thermodynamic properties of CoYSb (Y= Cr, Mo, W) half-Heusler compounds as potential spintronic materials
Authors: Uto O. T. , Akinlami J. O. , Kenmoe S. , Adebayo G. A.
Published: December 2021

We used Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the structural, electronic, magnetic, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of CoYSb (Y = Cr, Mo and W) compounds. These are XYZ type half-Heusler alloys, which also exist in the face centred cubic MgAgAs-type structure and conform to F¯43m space group. We computed these properties in three different atomic arrangements known as Type-I, Type-II and Type-III phases. In all these phases, the alloys were found to be in the ferromagnetic state. Furthermore, the calculated electronic band structure and the total electronic density of states indicated a metallic behaviour in CoWSb, nearly half-metallic in CoMoSb and half-metallic in CoCrSb, with a minority-spin band gap of 0.81 eV. Furthermore, the calculated mechanical properties predicted an anisotropic behaviour of these alloys in their stable phase. Finally, due to its high Debye temperature value, CoCrSb shows stronger covalent bonding than CoMoSb and CoWSb, respectively.
Temporal and Spatial Characterization of Sediment Bacterial Communities From Lake Wetlands in a Plain River Network Region
Authors: Huang Wei , Tu Chengqi , Jin Zhenghai , Yang Haoran , Lu Changyu , Dong Jiao , Wang Kun
Published: December 2021

Sediment bacterial communities are a vital component of microbial communities in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and they play a critical role in lake wetlands. To investigate the effect of season, depth and regional environmental factors on the composition and diversity of bacterial communities in lake wetland sediments, the millions of Illumina reads (16S rRNA gene amplicons) from sediment bacterial communities in different seasons were examined using a technically consistent approach. Results from diversity index, relative abundance, principal component analysis (PCA), redundancy analysis (RDA) and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis indicated that the diversity of the bacterial community in summer was generally higher than in other seasons. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the sediment samples in different seasons (43.15%–57.41%) and different layers (39.66%–77.97%); the autumn sediments were enriched with Firmicutes (5.67%) and Chloroflexi (12.5%); in all four seasons the sediments were enriched with Betaproteobacteria (14.98%–23.45%), Gammaproteobacteria (11.98%–14.36%) and Deltaproteobacteria (8.68%–14.45%). In the bottom sediments (10–25 cm) Chloroflexi were abundant (average value 10.42%), while Bacteroidetes was the dominant phylum in the surface sediments; and redundancy analysis found that total phosphorus (TP) (P = 0.036) was the main environmental factor influencing the sediment bacterial community in different layers. This study provides a reference for further understanding the effects of seasonal changes on sediment microorganisms in lake wetlands.
The Impact of Selenium on the Rhizosphere Microbiome of a Hyperaccumulation Plant Cardamine Violifolia
Authors: Guo Zisheng , Zhu Bin , Guo Jia , Wang Gongting , Li Meng , Yang Qiaoli , Wang Liping , Fei Yue , Wang Shiwei , Yu Tian , Sun Yanmei
Published: December 2021

Cardamine violifolia is the only selenium hyperaccumulation plant found in China. It has been developed as a source of medicinal and edible products for selenium supplementation of human. It is essential to increase selenium content of C. violifolia for nutrient biofortification and many planting approaches have been developed to achieve this aim. However, the contribution of rhizosphere microbes of C. violifolia to the selenium enrichment has not been investigated. In this study, four types of selenium, i.e., selenate, selenite, nanoparticles element selenium from Bacillus subtilis, and organic selenium from yeast, was added to the soil for the growth of C. violifolia, respectively. Selenate had the highest accumulation in C. violifolia, following by selenite, B. subtilis-Se, and yeast-Se. Except for yeast-Se, the concentration of selenium in C. violifolia is positively correlated with the amount of selenium added in the soil. Furthermore, different exogenous selenium exhibited distinct effects on the rhizosphere microbiome of C. violifolia. Both Alpha diversity and Beta diversity analyses displayed that rhizosphere microbiome were more obviously affected by selenium from B. subtilis and yeast than that of selenate and selenite. Different microbial species were enriched in the rhizosphere of C. violifolia under various exogenous selenium treatments. B. subtilis-Se application enhanced the abundance of Leucobacter, Sporosarcina, Patulibacter, and Denitrobacter, and Yeast-Se application enriched the abundance of Singulishaera, Lactobacillus, Bdellovirio, and Bosea. Bosea and the taxon belonging to the order of Solirubrobacterales was enriched in the samples with selenite and selenite addition, respectively, and their abundance was linearly related to the concentration of selenate and selenite application in the rhizosphere of C. violifolia. In summary, this study revealed the response of the rhizosphere microbiome of C. violifolia to exogenous selenium and it is of help to develop suitable selenium fertilizers to increase selenium hyperaccumulation level of this plant.
Golgi structural defect impairs glycosaminoglycan synthesis, sulfation, and secretion
Authors: Ahat Erpan , Song Yuefan , Xia Ke , Reid Whitney , Li Jie , Bui Sarah , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J , Wang Yanzhuang
Published: December 2021

Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) occurs in the lumen of the Golgi but the relationship between Golgi structural integrity and glycosaminoglycan synthesis is not clear. In this study, we disrupted the Golgi structure by knocking out GRASP55 and GRASP65 and determined its effect on the synthesis, sulfation, and secretion of HS and CS. We found that GRASP depletion increased HS synthesis while decreasing CS synthesis in cells, altered HS and CS sulfation, and reduced both HS and CS secretion. Using proteomics, RNA-seq and biochemical approaches, we identified EXTL3, a key enzyme in the HS synthesis pathway, whose level is upregulated in GRASP knockout cells; while GalNacT1, an essential CS synthesis enzyme, is robustly reduced. In addition, we found that GRASP depletion decreased HS sulfation via the reduction of PAPSS2, a bifunctional enzyme in HS sulfation. Our study provides the first evidence that Golgi structural defect may significantly alter the synthesis and secretion of glycosaminoglycans.
A Survey on the Influence of CYBATHLON on the Development and Acceptance of Advanced Assistive Technologies
Authors: Meyer Jan Thomas , Weber Selina , Jäger Lukas , Sigrist Roland , Gassert Roger , Lambercy Olivier
Published: December 2021

Background: Advanced assistive technologies (AAT) aim to exploit the vast potential of technological developments made in the past decades to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities. Combining complex robotic technologies with the unique needs of people with disabilities requires a strong focus on user-centered design to ensure that the AAT appropriately addresses the daily life struggles of target users. The CYBATHLON aims to promote this mindset by empowering the AAT target users (“pilots”) to compete on race tracks that represent daily life obstacles. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of the CYABTHALON on AAT technology development, acceptance, and user involvement (i.e., application of user-centered design).Methods: With an online survey targetting the pilots and technical leads of teams preparing for the CYBATHLON 2020 Global Edition, we investigated to what extent the pilots were involved in device development and how this influences the perceived daily life usability of the showcased AAT. Furthermore, the effects of user-centered design variables on the individual race performances were analyzed.Results: A total of 81 responses from 35 pilots and 46 technical leads were collected in the two weeks prior to the event. Of all teams partaking in the included disciplines of the CYBATHLON 2020 Global Edition, 81.8% (36 of 44) were included in the study. User-centered design appeared to be a prevalent practice among the teams, as 85.7% of all pilots reported a certain level of involvement. However, only 25.5% of the pilots reported daily life usage, despite QUEST usability scores of both respondent groups showing moderate to high satisfaction with the respected AAT across all investigated disciplines. An explorative linear mixed model indicated that daily life usage (p < 0.05) and prolonged user involvement (e.g. more than 2 years, p < 0.001) have a significant positive effect on the race performance at the competition.Conclusions: We conclude that the CYBATHLON positively fullfills its conceptual goals of promoting active participation and inclusion of people with disabilities in the design and evaluation of AAT, thereby stimulating the development of promising novel technological solutions. Also, our data could underline the value of the competition as a benchmark, highlighting remaining usability limitations or technology adoption hurdles.
A survey on current practice of informed consent process in surgical specialties of a tertiary teaching hospital center: What is the state of play?
Authors: Vieira Ana Luísa , Infante Cândida , Santos Sérgio , Asseiro Mariana , Ferreira Celine
Published: December 2021

Background
Informed consent is essential in current medical practice and should be a global standard to be sought at all instances when doctors interact with patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate compliance to the guidelines of the Portuguese health entity regarding the correct filling process of informed consent.
Methods
A prospective observational survey was conducted upon arrival of the patient at the operating room of a tertiary teaching hospital center in Portugal, in march 2021, to verify the presence of informed consent in the clinical process. A sample of 202 clinical files was randomly collected.
Results
Only 47% of the patients had the informed consent document in the clinic process and only 45% of the total clinical files had the informed consent signed by the patient. Merely 21.8% of the informed consents respected all the items recommended by the guidelines of the Portugal health entity. Most of the surgical informed consent (SIC) had only basic information and only a lower percentage had reports about the surgical procedure, information regarding the treatment, possible consequences of a missed treatment or complications and possible treatment alternatives. Those results didn’t conform to the standard regulations of the Portuguese health guidelines regarding SIC.
Conclusion
Even though improvements in SIC were attained in recent years, our study suggests that the implementation of SIC is still suboptimal in surgical practice. It is important to raise awareness for the obtention of SIC by the healthcare team, because complete information before an invasive procedure is an ethical requirement.
Levels And Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics In Water And Sediment of A Typical Shallow Lake In Northern China
Authors: Hu Ruonan , Hu Xiufeng , Wang Yu , Liu Wei , Wei Lihong , Guo Yiding , Fang Yanyan
Published: December 2021

Microplastics (MPs), generally found in all environment matrices, have become a hot issue in the word. In this study, a typical shallow lake (Baiyangdian) in Northern China was selected, MPs (0.45 μm-5 mm) in different depth of the water and sediment samples were determined. The abundance of MPs in water samples was 1000-20000 items /m3 (9595 items /m3 in average) and 400-2200 items /kg (1023 items /kg in average) in sediment samples. Since the pollution abatement measures implemented, MPs visible to eyes are generally eliminated, the detected MPs in this study are mainly μm sizes with no more than 3-5 items being mm size for each collected sample. The main forms of MPs are fibrous and fragmented with components mainly being polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). MPs in the water at the garbage transfer station can be ranked as surface water < middle water < bottom water and the sediment contained obviously higher MP fragments indicating the history transferring of garbage can be a main cause of plastic deposition in this place. The content of fibrous MPs in surface water was high, and the fragments were found increasing with the depth of water. The southern area contained less MPs compared with the middle and north part of Baiyangdian lake due to the less human activities. The main sources of MPs in this area are the earlier residents' activities, the running of local plastic factories and the effluent from sewage treatment plant.
Clinical Features and Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping Analysis in Primary Immunodeficiency Patients With Non-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Lee Wen-I , Huang Jing-Long , Chen Li-Chen , Yeh Kuo-Wei , Ou Liang-Shiou , Yao Tsung-Chieh , Wu Chao-Yi , Lin Syh-Jae , Chen Shih-Hsiang , Jaing Tang-Her , Liang Chi-Jou , Kang Chen-Chen
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases and can be classified categorized into the category as being immune dysregulation diseases in primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) that typically represent as monogenetic X-linked and autoimmune lymphoproliferative diseases (XLP and ALPS). The LPD phenotype extends to other categories in PID and its distribution remains scarce. Methods: The clinical course and lymphocyte immunophenotyping in PID patients with the LPD phenotype who were referred to the PICAR (Primary Immunodeficiency Care And Research) institute were investigated between 2004 and 2020.Results: Of the 96 enrolled patients, 31 (32.3%) (median age 144, range 3-252 months) developed the LPD phenotype mainly encompassing lymphadenopathy (in 10 patients), refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like with intestinal lymphadenopathy in 8 and hepatosplenomegaly (in 7) during long-term follow-up (median 144, range 3-252 months). The LPD phenotype was most frequently present in the categories of antibody deficiency (in 7: 2 CVID, 2 TTC37, PIK3CD, PIK3R1 and AICDA each), phagocyte (in 6: 4 CYBB, 1 STAT1 and 1 IFNRG1), immune dysregulation (in 6: 2 FOXP3, 2 XIAP and 2 HLH), combined immunodeficiencies (in 5: 2 IL2RG, 1 CD40L, 1 ZAP70 and 1 unknown) and syndromic features (in 4: 2 STAT3-LOF, 1 WAS and 1 ATM) as well as three patients with anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies. Those with the LPD phenotype had a significantly higher mortality rate than those without (p=0.0016) despite a similar age at onset (median 66 vs 44 months) and follow-up duration (138 vs 144 months). EBV virus load was only detectable in the PIK3CD and HLH patient each. An increased senescent (CD8+CD57+) and CD21-low components, and disturbed transitional B (CD38+IgM++), plasamablast B (CD38++IgM-), memory B (CD19+CD27+) and TEMRA (CD27-IgD-) components were often observed in cross-sectional immunophenotyping. However, except patients with CD40L and ZAP70 mutations, those with profound T cell defects who bear almost naïve (T and B cells) components and extreme low in the remaining subsets components trended to develop their LPD phenotype. Conclusion: The spectrum of the LPD phenotype in one third of the PID patients overriding the categorical boundaries had higher mortality and heterogeneous lymphocyte disturbances, especially higher senescent and CD21-low but lower memory B subpopulations. Large-scale longitudinal studies of PID patients are needed to validate the correlation between immunophenotype and the LPD status.
An Evaluation of Childhood Tuberculosis Program in Chegutu District, Zimbabwe, 2020: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chimsimbe Memory , Mucheto Pride , Juru Tsitsi Patience , Chadambuka Addmore , Govha Emmanuel , Gombe Notion Tafara , Tshimanga Mufuta
Published: December 2021

Background
Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health concern contributing to significant child morbidity and mortality. A records review of the TB notification for Chegutu District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) showed a low childhood TB case detection rate. For 2018 and 2019, childhood TB notifications were 4% and 7% respectively against the national 12% case detection rate. We evaluated the performance of the childhood TB program in Chegutu.
Methods
We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study. Sixty-six health workers (HW) participated in the study. Interviewer-administered questionnaires and checklists were used to collect data on reasons for low TB case detection, HW childhood TB knowledge, program inputs, processes and outputs. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats analysis was used to assess the childhood TB processes. We analyzed the data using Epi Info 7TM to generate frequencies, proportions and means. A Likert scale was used to assess health worker knowledge.
Results
The majority 51/66(77%) of HW were nurses and 51/66(67%) of respondents were females. Reasons for the low childhood TB case detection were lack of HW confidence in collecting gastric aspirates 55/66(83%) and HW’s negative attitudes towards gastric aspirate collection 23/66(35%). HW 24/66 (37%) had a fair childhood TB notification knowledge. The district had only one functional X-ray machine for 34 health facilities. Only 6/18 motorcycles were functional with inadequate fuel supply. No desk guide for the management of TB in children for HW (2018) was available in 34 health facilities. Ethambutol 400mg was out of stock and adult 800mg tablets were used. Funds allocated for motor vehicle and motorcycles service ($1612USD/year) were inadequate. The district failed to perform planned quarterly TB review meetings, contact tracing and childhood TB training due to funding and COVID-19 lockdown restrictions.
Conclusion
The childhood TB program failed to meet its targets due to inadequate inputs and suboptimal HW childhood TB knowledge. Case detection and notification can be improved through on-job training, mentorship, support and supervision and adequate resources.
Impact of Comorbidities and COVID-19 on the Survival Rate of Geriatric Patients Receiving Anesthesia Services: A Prospective Cohort Study in Indonesia
Authors: Rehatta Nancy Margarita , Susilo Chandra , Sari Djayanti , Lestari Mayang Indah , Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Agung , Nurdin Haizah , Wirabuana Belindo , Pramodana Bintang , Pradhana Adinda Putra , - Isngadi , Anggraeni Novita , Sikumbang Kenanga Marwan , Halimi Radian Ahmad , Jasa Zafrullah Khany , Nasution Akhyar Hamonangan , - Mochamat , - Purwoko
Published: December 2021

Background
As life expectancy increases, the worldwide population aged 60 years and older increases year by year. Consequently, more older people receive medical attention, especially those who undergo surgery. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on elderly patients, especially those undergoing surgery. This study aims to describe the characteristics and analyze the survival rate of elderly patients who receive anesthesia services, especially those with comorbidities and COVID-19.
Methods
A prospective cohort study at 14 central hospitals in Indonesia analyzed 1621 elderly patients (67.1 ± 6.2 years old). The variables that were recorded included patient characteristics, comorbidities, the COVID-19 status, and the survival rate, including 30-day mortality.
Results
The 30-day mortality was 4.4%. The most comorbidity was hypertension (30.0). Patients with a Charlson's Comorbidity Index Score of 3-4 had a higher death rate (15.3%). The highest mortality rates were in the patients who had dementia, rheumatologic disease, liver disease, previous myocardial infarction, and diabetes with chronic complications as comorbidities. The percent of patients with COVID-19 who died was 26.6%. Patients with several comorbidities and COVID-19 had a lower survival rate than those without (log-rank p<0.05)
Conclusion
Approximately four in ten elderly patients receiving anesthesia died, and the percent increased when the patients had comorbidities and COVID-19.
A Novel Quasi-opposition Based Sine Cosine Algorithm for Optimal Allocation and Sizing of Capacitor in Radial Distribution Systems
Authors: Biswal Saubhagya Ranjan , SHANKAR GAURI
Published: December 2021

Increasing trend in load demand has introduced many problems in distribution systems like more line losses, low power factor, voltage fluctuations and so on. These issues have become a vital challenge for the power utilities to resolve and maintain the system under healthy conditions. For handling these issues, optimal capacitor placement (OCP) in radial distribution systems employing an optimization approach is explored in this work. The present work proposes a novel application of quasi-opposition based sine cosine algorithm for solving OCP problem. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm is verified over other algorithms using different standard benchmark test functions. For solving OCP problem, at first, the most deserving candidate buses for the OCP are identified using a new proposed sensitivity index that helps in reducing search space for the optimization process. Thereafter, by minimizing the losses and maximizing the net annual profit of the system, the optimal location and selection of the fixed-step capacitor banks are obtained. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm has been verified by comparing the results obtained with that of other state-of-the-art algorithms on the standard IEEE 85 bus and 118 bus radial distribution test systems considering full load and variable load scenarios.
Substrate multiplexed protein engineering facilitates promiscuous biocatalytic synthesis
Authors: McDonald Allwin , Higgins Peyton , Buller Andrew
Published: December 2021

Enzymes with high activity are readily produced through protein engineering, but intentionally and efficiently engineering enzymes for an expanded scope is a contemporary challenge. Measuring reaction outcomes on mixtures of substrates, called here SUbstrate Multiplexed Screening (SUMS), has long been used to rigorously quantitate enzyme specificity. Despite the potential utility of SUMS to guide engineering of promiscuous enzymes, this approach has not found widespread adoption in biocatalysis. Here, we develop principles of how to design robust SUMS methods that, rather than assess absolute specificity, use heuristic readouts of substrate promiscuity to identify hits for further investigation. This rich information enables engineering of activity for multiple substrates simultaneously and identifies enzyme variants with altered promiscuity, even when overall activity is lower. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SUMS by engineering two enzymes to produce pharmacologically active tryptamines from simple indole precursors in a biocatalytic cascade. These advances leverage common laboratory equipment and represent a highly accessible and customizable method for enzyme engineering.
Unmasking the truth: experimental evidence of facemask compliance in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Grépin Karen , Mueller Valerie , Wu Nicole , Rabbani Atonu
Published: December 2021

High levels of compliance with public health measures are critical to ensuring a successful response to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, most data on compliance are self-reported. Tendency to overreport due to social desirability can yield biased estimates of compliance. We estimate rates of compliance with facemask mandates in Kenya, Nigeria, and Bangladesh using data from phone surveys conducted in March-April 2021. Data on compliance are collected from different survey modules: self-reported compliance (stated) and a list experiment (elicited). We find substantial gaps between stated and elicited rates of facemask wearing for different groups depending on specific country contexts and high levels of overreporting of facemask compliance in self-reported surveys. We observe differences in rates of self-reported facemask wearing among key groups but not using the elicited responses from the list experiment, which suggest that social desirability bias may vary by demographics. Data collected from self-reported surveys may not be reliable to monitor ongoing compliance with public health measures. Moreover, elicited compliance rates indicate levels of mask wearing are likely much lower than those estimated using self-reported data.