bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konflikte und Auseinandersetzungen – Conflicts and Struggles
Authors: Naether Franziska
Published: September 2019

Wenn zwei sich streiten, freut sich der dritte, wer anderen eine Grube gräbt, fällt selbst hinein, Verbrechen lohnt sich nicht – so klingen wohlgemeinte Ratschläge, teilweise sehr alt, aus dem Volksmund oder von Behörden. Konflikte machen einen guten Teil unseres Lebens aus. Blicken wir auf das weite Feld der Wissenschaft, bieten sich mannigfaltige Forschungsfelder, die Feindschaften, Konflikte und Opposition zum Fokus des Interesses haben. In der Diskussion steht der Ausgang von Auseinandersetzungen, aber auch die Formen von Opposition und ihre Beteiligten selbst.
Der Kampf des Bildtitels
Authors: Müller-Spreitz Annette
Published: September 2019

In diesem Beitrag werden historische, medientheoretische, sprachphilosophische und den Betitelungsvorgang betreffende Überlegungen angestellt, um den Bildtitel als Autonomie stiftendes Instrument zu beschreiben. Ziel ist die Beantwortung der Frage nach der Rolle der Bildtitel im Werk des in der DDR wirkenden Künstlers Wolfgang Mattheuer hinsichtlich seiner künstlerischen und persönlichen Selbstbehauptung. Die Darstellung umfasst acht Ebenen, auf denen der Bildtitel kämpft und Beihilfe zur Unabhängigkeit eines Künstlers leistet. Dies geschieht generell in ‚Konflikt und Gegnerschaft‘ zu systemischen Bedingungen und ist nicht nur in der ehemaligen DDR relevant. Darüber hinaus gibt der Beitrag Einblicke in die Beziehung von Titeltext und Bild, in der der Bildtitel selbst beschränkt Autonomie entfaltet.
Ericksen, Robert P.: Complicity in the Holocaust. Churches and Universities in Nazi Germany, Cambridge University Press, 2012 (Rezension)
Authors: Schuster Dirk
Published: September 2019

Rezension zu Ericksen, Robert P.: Complicity in the Holocaust. Churches and Universities in Nazi Germany, Cambridge University Press, 2012
Verrat im Kommunistischen Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus 1933–1945
Authors: Grashoff Udo
Published: September 2019

Im Zuge der Habilitation sollen Dimensionen, Ursachen und Folgen von „Verrat“ innerhalb der kommunistischen Widerstandsnetzwerke während der nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft untersucht werden, womit eine dunkle Seite des „antifaschistischen Mythos“ der DDR beleuchtet wird.
Jugend und Widerstand in Algier
Authors: Hecking Britta Elena
Published: September 2019

Vor dem Hintergrund ungleicher Stadtentwicklung untersucht das Forschungsprojekt die Beziehungen zwischen Alltagsbewältigung und Widerstand am Beispiel Jugendlicher in der Kasbah, der Altstadt von Algier.
Developing Space
Authors: Leon Daniel S.
Published: September 2019

Venezuela, a Latin American rentier state, went from experiencing 11 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants in 1983 to 44 in 2002. My dissertation project examines why this significant increase in social violence took place by analysing the relationship between slum development and the withering of institutions of social control in the country after the 1970s. This article however only discusses the conceptual framework behind the dwindling of institutions of social control. The hypothesis of this article (and that of my dissertation) is that a Durkheimian anomic gap was fomented in the Venezuelan slums because transition to modernity (rural-to-urban migration) did not allow recreating institutions that promoted norms of social interaction, which reduce the possibility of violent conflict between people. It concludes by reviewing the tentative methodology that will be applied in my dissertation to confirm or dismiss the aforementioned hypothesis.
Klimaanpassung in der Stadtplanung
Authors: Süßbauer Elisabeth
Published: September 2019

Städte sind von den Folgen des Klimawandels in besonderer Weise betroffen. In dieser Arbeit wird argumentiert, dass Klimaanpassung in Städten aufgrund ihrer Komplexität und Planungsunsicherheit ein „widerspenstiges Problem“ (wicked problem) ist, das die üblichen Problemlösungsstrategien der Entscheidungsträger herausfordert.
„Wir sind auf seinen Tod getauft …“
Authors: Tost Claudia Katharina
Published: September 2019

Paulus beschreibt und interpretiert die christliche Taufe in dem Brief an die ihm unbekannte Gemeinde in Rom mit Hilfe einer Leben-Tod-Metaphorik. Immer wieder ist die Frage gestellt worden, ob das Motiv des Mitsterbens mit Christus einen Anhalt am Ritualvollzug hat. Dahinter stehen widerstreitende Thesen darüber, ob mit der frühen Verbreitung der Taufe auch eine theologisch reflektierte Deutung in den Gemeinden vorauszusetzen ist. Die Untersuchung kann nun aufzeigen, dass etwa mit der Taufformel erste Interpretationsansätze gegeben sind, diese jedoch nach Meinung des Paulus weiterer Erläuterungen bedürfen. Dazu nimmt er auf verschiedene Aspekte des Rituals Bezug, ohne allerdings dessen Vollzug auf symbolische Weise zu deuten.
Satans-Capelle oder Musikalische Universität?
Authors: Rekatzky Ingo
Published: September 2019

Ist es legitim und nützlich, sich mit Theater auseinanderzusetzen? Diese Streitfrage ist keinesfalls neu. Sie war in der christlichen Kultur für ca. 1500 Jahre virulent und wurde im deutschsprachig-protestantischen Raum erst spät im Ersten Hamburgischen Theaterstreit der 1680er Jahre beantwortet, der an der Gänsemarkt-Oper (1678–1738) entbrannte. An diesen theologischen Debatten – sie klärten nicht, was gespielt wurde, sondern dass gespielt wurde – lässt sich der Anerkennungsprozess von Theater als Voraussetzung für das aufklärerische Modell nachvollziehen. Es zeigt sich aber auch, wie eine vom materiellen Nützlichkeitsdenken geprägte Legitimation als Ausschlussverfahren zum Untergang einer Vielzahl kultureller Praktiken und des damit verbundenen Wissens führte.
Michael Brückner, Andrea Przyklenk: Lost Brands – vom Aufstieg und Niedergang starker Marken. Warum „too big to fail“ nicht einmal für Traditionsmarken gilt, Wiesbaden 2013 (Rezension)
Authors: Stoppe Sebastian
Published: September 2019

Rezension zu Michael Brückner, Andrea Przyklenk: Lost Brands – vom Aufstieg und Niedergang starker Marken. Warum „too big to fail“ nicht einmal für Traditionsmarken gilt, Wiesbaden 2013
Lernen in der Forensik
Authors: Zetsche Oliver Tobias
Published: September 2019

Obwohl in den Standardwerken der forensisch-psychiatrischen Literatur auf die Bedeutung der schulischen und beruflichen Nachreifung der Maßregelvollzugs-Patienten hingewiesen wird, verläuft die Ausführung – gerade vor dem Hintergrund der Delinquenz begünstigenden Sozialisationsdefizite – jedoch meist nur beiläufig in randständigen Kapiteln. Obwohl sich für viele im Maßregelvollzug (MRV) Untergebrachte erstmals die Möglichkeit einer erfolgreichen Ausbildung eröffnet, da ein großer Teil der Patienten erst durch die Behandlung im MRV empfänglich für Bildungsmaßnahmen wird, gestalten sich die Bildungsangebote im MRV in Deutschland so dürftig, dass sie den enormen und tatsächlichen Bildungsbedarf vieler Patienten nicht annähernd decken können und eine bedarfsgerechte Weiterentwicklung dringend erforderlich ist. Aufgrund der meist nur lokal durchgeführten Studien fehlen dem überschaubaren Literaturrepertoire aussagekräftige Zahlen und Fakten. Die hier präsentierte Studie möchte daher versuchen, diese Lücke zu schließen, indem ein umfassendes Abbild des Arbeitsgebiets der pädagogischen Hilfsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Maßregelvollzugsbehandlung skizziert, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Implementierung von pädagogischer Therapie aufgezeigt und die Notwendigkeit von pädagogischen Bildungsangeboten im MRV sowie die Sinnhaftigkeit dieser Behandlungsform diskutiert werden sollen.
Alcaloides del opio en pan de molde con semillas de amapola
Authors: San Deogracias de Diego Teresa , Fernández Dueñas Berta , Sotodosos Carpintero Mercedes
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo describe las actuaciones realizadas por Técnicos de la Dirección General de Salud Pública sobre una denuncia presentada por una ciudadana que dio positivo a opiáceos en una prueba de control de drogas de la Guardia Civil de Tráfico, tras haber consumido unos sándwiches elaborados con pan con semillas de amapola. Se llevaron a cabo inspecciones de los establecimientos alimentarios implicados, así como toma de muestras y análisis del pan, compro-bando que dicho producto cumple las normas que le son aplicables. Se llevó a cabo la caracterización del riesgo, que indicó que con la cantidad de morfina detectada en el pan sería necesario consumir más de 2 Kg en un día para superar la dosis aguda de referencia (ARfD). La Comunidad de Madrid ha comunica-do estos hechos a la Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición y a las autoridades de tráfico para su consideración de cara a las pruebas de detección de opiáceos.
Analisa Cemaran Timbal Pada Lipstik Cair Menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA)
Authors: Dewi Asiska Permata , Kartini Sri , Islami Deri
Published: September 2019

Lipstick is the familiar product for women in difference age. Kind of lipstick that interested now is liquid lipstick. Not only it is cheap but also it can durable on lips. The actually using lipstick have to see of that safety  from dangerous content like weight metal that content more than regulation. The objective of this research to know polluted metal content on some liquid lipsticks brand that they don’t registered in BPOM RI. Determine of standard metal on samples used spectrometry atom absorption (SSA) on facet 283.22 nm. The average metal content on sample a was 0.45999 PPM, sample B was 2.96333 ppm, and sample C was 0.62334 ppm. It can conclude that liquid lisptics have polluted on weight metal content but its content still fulfill of BPOM Standard is 20 µg/grs or 20 mgs/L
Switch Therapy Antibiotik Pasien Apendisitis RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau
Authors: Rahmawati Ayu , Yulinda Elka , Nasif Hansen
Published: September 2019

Has conducted a study entitled Switching Antibiotic Therapy to Cases of Appendicitis Surgery in Functional Medical Staff of Arifin Achmad Regional General Hospital, Riau Province. This type of research is a retrospective data observation study, medical record data of appendicitis surgery patients during 2010. The method used is the census method. Antibiotics - Oral Substitution Therapy (IAOST) Protocol to medical record data of appendicitis surgery patients at surgical SMF Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province, following: a therapeutic switch (+) of 17% (29 cases), a percentage that met the switch therapy criteria and did not occur switch therapy (Δ) of 67% (114 cases), the percentage that did not meet the switch therapy criteria and switch therapy occurred (X) by 6% (11 cases), the percentage that did not meet the switch therapy criteria and no therapeutic switch (V) 17% (17 cases).
Efektifitas Antibiotik Pasien Demam Tifoid RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Authors: Rahmawati Ayu , Muchtar Husni , Nasif Hansen
Published: September 2019

To find out the effectiveness of antibiotics in typhoid fever patients at the SMF of Pediatric and SMF in Internal Medicine Dr. RSUP M. Djamil Padang. This study was a cross-sectional study with a retrospective type of data during 2012 and prospective from June to September 2013, with a descriptive analysis design. The number of patients who met the inclusion criteria were 11 patients. Percentage of antibiotic use in adult patients for ceftriaxone (60%) and chloramphenicol (40%). The percentage of antibiotic use in pediatric patients for ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, and cefixim are 60%, 27%, and 13%, respectively. Fever free for ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol in pediatric and adult patients, each of which is 2-3 days and 4-6 days; 3-4 days and 4 days. To be free of cefixime fever in pediatric patients is 2 days. The length of treatment required is ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol (children and adults) antibiotics, 6 - 13 days and 9-13, respectively; 11-14 and 7 days. For the duration of cefixime antibiotic treatment for children is 13 days. The results of this study indicate that antibiotics that are used effectively against typhoid fever patients are seen from the time of free of fever and length of stay.
Sintesis Dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Flavonol 2-(3,4,5-Dimetoksifenil)-3-Hidroksi-4h-Kromen-4-On
Authors: Rokhim Muhamad , Zamri Adel , Yuda Teruna Hilwan
Published: September 2019

Flavonols derivatives of 2'-hydroxycalone have been synthesized under basic condition (KOH). The structures of all compounds were characterized based on the interpretation of spectroscopic data including HPLC, UV, FTIR, NMR and HRMS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay which showed that the flavonol 2'-hydroxycalone derivative was potentially active as antioxidants with IC50 values <1000 µg / mL.
Friedel–Crafts approach to the one-pot synthesis of methoxy-substituted thioxanthylium salts
Authors: Tanaka Kenta , Tanaka Yuta , Kishimoto Mami , Hoshino Yujiro , Honda Kiyoshi
Published: September 2019

An efficient synthesis of methoxy-substituted thioxanthylium salts has been developed. The reaction of diaryl sulfides with benzoyl chlorides in the presence of TfOH smoothly proceeded to give the desired thioxanthylium salts in good yields. In their UV–vis spectra, the maximum absorption wavelengths of methoxy-functionalized thioxanthylium salts were observed at around 460 nm, which show a drastic red shift compared to the parent thioxanthylium salts. The present reaction provides a versatile access to functionalized thioxanthylium salts, and therefore it constitutes a promising tool for the synthesis of biologically and photochemically active molecules.
BUILDING 3D SURFACES OF LAND STORAGE VERTICAL CYLINDRICAL STEEL TANK USING BICUBIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION
Authors: Burak Kostyantyn , Kovtun Vitaliy , Nychvyd Mary
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this work is to increase the accuracy, quality and information content of geodetic surveys of vertical steel tanks by using modern geodetic equipment and creating algorithms for data processing of these observations. Method. In order to increase the information content of data for straightening, it is proposed to calculate the geometric parameters of vertical steel tanks not only in places where data are directly obtained through instrumental observations, but also at any point of the 3D surface of the tank. The paper describes an algorithm for creating a 3D surface of a tank by bicubic spline interpolation (BSI). Results on the basis of the conducted research, it was established that the developed algorithm could be used and the 3D-surface spatial coordinates were determined. The method of determining the geometric parameters of vertical steel tanks by using BSI is improved. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Bicubic spline interpolation (BSI) was used for the first time. It greatly increases the accuracy and informality of the results of the control. The practical significance is confirmed by the control of the geometric parameters of a vertical cylindrical steel tank with a nominal capacity of 75.000 m3 with a floating roof and a double wall of the LODS “Brody” company.
DEMOGRAPHIC FORECASTS AND VOLATILITY OF INVESTMENT RATES VS. LABOR PRODUCTIVITY TRAJECTORIES
Authors: Bolińska Monika , Dykas Paweł , Mente Grzegorz , Misiak Tomasz
Published: September 2019

In the article the authors attempted to develop the neoclassical model of economic growth, repealing two assumptions regarding the Solow growth model. First of all, the authors assume that the growth path of the number of employees is increasing asymptotically to a fixed value, not to infinity as in the Solow model. The growth paths of the number of employees were determined based on demographic forecasts and the economic activity coefficient, which in the paper is understood as the ratio of the number of employees to the number of people. Secondly, the authors repeal the assumption of a fixed investment rate by taking into account the trend of changes in investment rates (a growing or declining trend). The theoretical model obtained was subjected to calibration and then numerical simulations were carried out. It was assumed that investment rates in the Polish economy decrease (from 25 to 15%) or grow (from 15 to 25%). Numerical simulations were based on demographic forecasts for the Polish economy up to 2050. Moreover, two scenarios for shaping the economic activity coefficient were considered: realistic one when in the period 2000-2050 it increased from 0.38 to 0.5. In the second scenario, it was optimistic that the increase would be 50% higher than in the first option and in 2050 it would reach 0.56. Important conclusions from the study can be presented as follows: (i) the population decline can be offset by the growing economic activity rate and therefore does not have a negative impact on economic growth, (ii) the negative impact of demographic changes on economic growth can also be offset by growing investment rates.
DOES CHINA’S IRON ORE FUTURES MARKET HAVE PRICE DISCOVERY FUNCTION? ANALYSIS BASED ON VECM AND STATE-SPACE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ge Yongbo , Cao Tingting , Jiang Ruchuan , Liu Peide , Xie Hengxin
Published: September 2019

As the world’s largest importer, trading of iron ore occupies a pivotal position in China’s international trade. In order to seek the decision power of deciding the price for iron ore, China’s Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) listed iron ore futures in October 2013,which has become the world’s largest iron ore financial derivatives trading market now. Based on VECM and state-space perspective, this paper aims to explore the price discovery function of iron ore futures on the DCE. Comprehensive analysis from the views of long-term equilibrium relationship, short-term information shocks and dynamic contribution share are made in this paper. The empirical results show that: firstly, from the perspective of cointegration test, there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the futures prices in DCE and the spot prices; secondly, when facing with short-term information shocks, iron ore futures in DCE have an obviously price discovery function by the analysis of impulse response and variance decomposition; finally, by the way of state-space and Kalman filter algorithm, the long-term equilibrium relationship dynamic contribution for price discovery function of DCE's iron ore futures remains stable between 60% and 70% now.
Accretion Disk Parameters Determined from the Great 2015 Flare of OJ 287
Authors: Valtonen Mauri J. , Zola Staszek , Pihajoki Pauli , Enestam Sissi , Lehto Harry J. , Dey Lankeswar , Gopakumar Achamveedu , Drozdz Marek , Ogloza Waldemar , Zejmo Michal , Gupta Alok C. , Pursimo Tapio , Ciprini Stefano , Kidger Mark , Nilsson Kari , Berdyugin Andrei , Piirola Vilppu , Jermak Helen , Hudec Rene , Laine Seppo
Published: September 2019

In the binary black hole model of OJ 287, the secondary black hole orbits a much more massive primary, and impacts on the primary accretion disk at predictable times. We update the parameters of the disk, the viscosity, α, and the mass accretion rate,

. We find α = 0.26 ± 0.1 and

in Eddington units. The former value is consistent with Coroniti, and the latter with Marscher & Jorstad. Predictions are made for the 2019 July 30 superflare in OJ 287. We expect that it will take place simultaneously at the Spitzer infrared channels, as well as in the optical, and that therefore the timing of the flare in optical can be accurately determined from Spitzer observations. We also discuss in detail the light curve of the 2015 flare, and find that the radiating volume has regions where bremsstrahlung dominates, as well as regions that radiate primarily in synchrotron radiation. The former region produces the unpolarized first flare, while the latter region gives rise to a highly polarized second flare.
SN 2018hna: 1987A-like Supernova with a Signature of Shock Breakout
Authors: Singh Avinash , Sahu D. K. , Anupama G. C. , Kumar Brajesh , Kumar Harsh , Yamanaka Masayuki , Baklanov Petr V. , Tominaga Nozomu , Blinnikov Sergei I. , Maeda Keiichi , Dutta Anirban , Bhalerao Varun , Anche Ramya M. , Barway Sudhanshu , Akitaya Hiroshi , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Kawabata Miho , Kawabata Koji S , Sasada Mahito , Takagi Kengo , Maehara Hiroyuki , Isogai Keisuke , Kino Masaru , Taguchi Kenta , Nagao Takashi
Published: September 2019

High-cadence ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared photometric and low-resolution spectroscopic observations of the peculiar Type II supernova (SN) 2018hna are presented. The early-phase multiband light curves (LCs) exhibit the adiabatic cooling envelope emission following the shock breakout up to ∼ 14 days from the explosion. SN 2018hna has a rise time of ∼ 88 days in the V band, similar to SN 1987A. A 56Ni mass of ∼0.087 ± 0.004 M
⊙ is inferred for SN 2018hna from its bolometric LC. Hydrodynamical modeling of the cooling phase suggests a progenitor with a radius ∼50 R
⊙, a mass of ∼14–20 M
⊙, and an explosion energy of ∼1.7–2.9 × 1051 erg. The smaller inferred radius of the progenitor than a standard red supergiant is indicative of a blue supergiant progenitor of SN 2018hna. A subsolar metallicity (∼0.3 Z
⊙) is inferred for the host galaxy UGC 07534, concurrent with the low-metallicity environments of 1987A-like events.
Low (COI) differentiation between the Carabus hungaricus populations in the Carpathian basin
Authors: Sándor Bérces , Fülöp David , Bozsó Miklós , Pénzes Zsolt
Published: September 2019

The main goal of our study was to analyse the differences between Carabus hungaricus populations in different regions in the Carpathian basin, and to clear the taxonomic rank of the three subspecies living in the area. We performed analyses of mitochondrial genes (COI) to analyse regional isolation besides taxonomic questions. Extensive sampling was preformed spatially, focusing also on the different habitat types hosting C. hungaricus populations. Low differences were found based on mitochondrial genes (COI) between populations living in the Carpathian basin. Neither spatial nor habitat based differences were significant. Some difference were found in the COI sequences from Deliblato sands (Serbia), while significant difference in the COI sequences was found when analysing specimen from the Crimea. The question arises: was there a refugia for Carabus hungaricus within the Carpathian basin in the Ice Ages? To answer this question further research is needed.
Does a suburban reserve host a significant Carabuspopulations? A capture-recapture case study in Budapest, Hungary
Authors: Sándor Bérces
Published: September 2019

A two season capture-recapture study was preformed between 2016-2017, focusing on the Carabus species living in a suburban park (3 hectare) in Budapest, Hungary. Eighty live-capture, non-baited pitfall traps were used in a 3 x 3 m grid in 4 rows and 20 columns, covering almost totally a forested area of 240 m2. Five Carabus species were captured, the most numerous were C. scheidleri, C. ullrichii and C. coriaceus. C. convexus and C. intricatus were captured only a few times. All Carabus species were individually marked and released. Population size and survival rate was estimated only for the C. scheidleri population using POPAN in order to receive gross population size. In total 491 C. scheidleri individuals (251 females and 239 males) were marked. Recapture rate in 2016 and 2017 were 41 and 50 percent for the total population respectively. Estimated population size varied between years, the maximum population size was 680 ± 50 specimen in 2016. In 2017 a population size of 190 ± 16 individuals were estimated. Overwintering of eight C. scheidleri and three C. ullrichii specimen were observed. Less mobile large bodied forest specialist Carabus species living in a relatively small reserve underline the importance of habitat islands in a city.
Mobile-Based Word Matching Detection using Intelligent Predictive Algorithm
Authors: Jantan Hamidah , Baharudin Nurul Aisyiah
Published: September 2019

Word matching is a string searching technique for information retrieval in Natural Language Processing (NLP). There are several algorithms have been used for string search and matching such as Knuth Morris Pratt, Boyer Moore, Horspool, Intelligent Predictive and many other. However, there some issues need to be considered in measuring the performance of the algorithms such as the efficiency for searching small alphabets, time taken in processing the pattern of the text and extra space to support a huge table or state machines. Intelligent Predictive (IP) algorithm capable to solve several word matching issues discovered in other string searching algorithms especially with abilities to skip the pre-processing of the pattern, uses simple rules during matching process and does not involved complex computations. Due to those reasons, IP algorithm is used in this study due to the ability of this algorithm to produce a good result in string searching process.  This article aims to apply IP algorithm together with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tool for mobile-based word matching detection. There are four phases in this study consists of data preparation, mobile based system design, algorithm implementation and result analysis. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm was evaluated based on the execution time of searching process among the selected algorithms. The result shows that the IP algorithm for string searching process is more efficient in execution time compared to well-known algorithm i.e. Boyer Moore algorithm. In future work, the performance of string searching process can be enhanced by using other suitable optimization searching techniques such as Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Optimization and many others.
Diversity and the Media
Authors: Onyebadi Uche T. , Satti Mohamed A. , Mbunyuza-Memani Lindani
Published: September 2019

This chapter investigated the curricula of journalism and mass communication programs in African universities. Sixty-seven programs in public and private universities located in all regions of the continent were examined. The major findings show that diversity and the media courses were taught in 58% of the sample. Programs in the sample from North Africa did not have the course or its equivalent. And, with the exception of Southern Africa, most of the programs in other regions of Africa mainly limit their diversity courses to gender issues. To better prepare journalism students for the coverage of a diverse world, this study recommends that diversity and the media courses be requirements in journalism and mass communication programs in Africa, with the courses expanded to include other elements of diversity such as social class, age/generation, race/ethnicity, religion, and geographical/physical location.
Applying Data Triangulation to Explain Parenting Experiences in the African Diaspora
Authors: Rombo Dorothy O. , Lutomia Anne Namatsi , Sore Inviolata L.
Published: September 2019

This study investigated African diaspora parenting in the United States. Three different sources of data were analyzed: parents' focus group discussions, interviews from children and parents, and YouTube videos made by African immigrant children living in the United States. This study applied the thematic analysis methodology, and the results validate other studies that found that parenting is influenced by culture. The results also show that African immigrant parents in the United States use abstract yet multifaceted approaches to parenting, while their children acculturate faster but are also aware of their African cultural heritage. Overall, this chapter underscores the importance of triangulation in studying ethnic minority groups, not only in the way that it precludes lumping their stories together, but also how this method reduces bias and increases the relevance of data.
Knowledge and Skills Transfer as Peace-Building Mechanisms
Authors: Omar Yusuf Sheikh
Published: September 2019

Somalia has been involved in a prolonged war that commenced in the 1990s, and millions of her citizens have fled their homeland in search of protection and safety in other countries, particularly in the West. This chapter therefore examined the Somali diasporas with particular focus on their levels of knowledge and skills transfer as contributions to peace and nation building in their homeland. It also examined how their engagement on issues such as transnational networking, remittances, investments in the economy and education, media development, advocacy, politics and governance, as well as humanitarian endeavors have helped build capacities in the country. The chapter highlights the opportunities and challenges faced by Somali diasporas, especially the uncertain security atmosphere in the country.
Nigerian Muslims in the United States
Authors: Sodiq Yushau
Published: September 2019

Nigerian Muslims in the United States face a myriad challenges that include how to construct and maintain their Islamic identity and practice their religion in the face of widespread Islamophobia in the various communities where they live and even in their workplaces. Another challenge is about parenting in an environment that is predominantly Christian. This chapter explores some of the issues encountered by members of the Nigerian Muslim diaspora population in the US. It also attempts to showcase some of the sterling achievements of some of their members, from prominent athletes to people who have left indelible footprints on the academy and philanthropic activities in their adopted homeland.
A Value for the Non-Valued
Authors: Sylva Kappina Kasturige Kamani
Published: September 2019

The ecosystem has its intrinsic value while offering an extrinsic satisfaction to humans. Ecosystem resources are devalued in the economic valuing process when a monetary value is difficult in assigning to the ‘non-use' effects of the separated functions of the ecosystem. There is a tendency to forego the value of the ecosystem, the bequest or existence values, although it offers some utility of satisfaction. This trade-off decision leads to detrimental effects on the survival of organisms. The chapter allows the decision-maker to identify the non-use ecosystem resources with an ‘off-trade' value for the production process through Reflective Analysis, systems theory and feed-in indicators. The off-trade decision would enable the sustainability of organisms in the ecological system with their interwoven functions intact and not exposed to bargaining as separated parts. As a result, it would help the regeneration of the valued resources for economic valuing process.
Integral Ecology and Educational Policies
Authors: Patriarca Giovanni , Valentini Diana M.
Published: September 2019

Education plays a major role in enabling us to become more active in the building of a better society, attacking the structural causes of inequality that creates an inhuman culture of waste and—from an ecological point of view—generates a unacceptable negligence with the care of our common home, causing environmental degradation and other disastrous consequences. This chapter explores integral ecology and education policies through axiological convergences with SDG4.
Public Risk Perception Towards Power Generation by Municipal Waste Incineration
Authors: Zhao Rui , Huang Yuxin , Zhou Yuyu , Yang Meng , Liu Xinyue
Published: September 2019

Power generation by municipal waste incineration provides a template not only for waste reduction but also for energy recovery. However, incineration plants face considerably strong protests from local communities. In such context, this study investigates the public's risk perception towards an operating incineration plant by using a word-frequency-based decision making approach to provide insight into risk mitigation while enhancing public acceptance. An operating municipal waste plant located at Chengdu, Sichuan Province was used as a case study to examine the risk perception posed by the host communities. Face-to-face interviews through a structured questionnaire were applied to data collection. A word frequency analysis was used to identify the key factors that influence public's risk perception and construct a multi-attributive decision matrix for the risk assessment. Entropy-based fuzzy decision making was implemented to discriminate the risk semi-quantitatively. To alleviate possible conflicts, policy implications were given.
Climate Change and Profit Loss
Authors: Khai Huynh Viet
Published: September 2019

The chapter aims to evaluate the profit loss of rice farmers due to salinity intrusion by collecting the information of rice production in three regions with the same natural environment conditions, social characteristics (e.g., the same social and farming culture, ethnicity, type of soil), and only differed with respect to the level of salinity in Soc Trang province, one of the most salinity-affected areas in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The study estimated the profit loss in rice production due to saltwater intrusion by the difference in rice profit between the non-salinity and salinity regions and showed this loss was about VND 9.3-15.1 million per ha-1 a year.
A Specified Ubiquitous Learning Design for Seamless Learning
Authors: Deryal Ibrahim Emin , Demirer Veysel
Published: September 2019

Seamless learning and ubiquitous learning are nested concepts and they may be confused notions without elaborating definitions and implications. In this chapter, seamless learning is handled deeply, and ubiquitous computing and ubiquitous learning concepts are explained. Seamless learning is explained through the definition stated by Kuh and implications carried out by numerous researchers who conducted many studies in the field. Each implication and study are analyzed and elaborated carefully in order to propose an efficient seamless learning management system. In addition to those analyses, after explaining ubiquitous computing and ubiquitous learning concepts, MOOCs are mentioned in order to give a well applied ubiquitous learning system. Finally depending on seamless learning fundamentals (stated by authors) an efficient seamless learning management system is proposed.
Supporting Digital Information Literacy in the Age of Open Access
Authors: Felber Sarah , Roubides Pascal
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, the authors aim to inform the audience about the issues pertaining to access to educational resources, with a focus on open access; how to access such sources; ways of integrating principles of information literacy into the entire educational experience; and the potential of open access sources in providing much needed, affordable information literacy to all knowledge seekers, especially in academic endeavors. The issue of information literacy and open access is defined and explored, with a bias toward practical implementation and impact in the academic setting, culminating in hands-on recommendations for academic professionals.
Supporting Learners with Special Needs in Open and Distance Learning
Authors: Genc Hakan , Kocdar Serpil
Published: September 2019

Open and distance learning (ODL) systems provide learners with a flexible learning environment independent of time and place. However, the advantage of this flexibility may turn out a disadvantage if the learners do not find a solution to problems they may face before, during, and after the learning process. In eliminating this disadvantage, learner support services play an important role. The quality of support services has a direct impact on learner retention and academic success. Especially, for the learners with special needs, the quality of support services has a particular importance. Within this context, in this chapter, the authors address accommodations for learners with special needs in ODL. First, this chapter focuses on support services in ODL, then learners with special needs in ODL and what accommodations learners with special needs require according to their disability type. Finally, the authors exemplify the accommodations for learners with special needs in ODL institutions and offer recommendations.
The Contribution of Information Communication Technologies in Online Career Counseling
Authors: Mouratoglou Nikolaos , Zarifis George K.
Published: September 2019

Information communication technologies have undoubtedly affected the discipline of career counselling. Nevertheless, online career counselling remains a rather limited practice in Greece; therefore, the chapter attempts to contribute to the wider dialogue that has been addressed so far, by focusing on the design, implementation, and assessment of an online career counselling program for higher education students and graduates. The purpose of the study is to present the main parameters related to participants' learning experience, such as motivation, barriers to participation, as well as adopted strategies for overcoming these barriers during the online program. The researchers conducted 15 semi-structured interviews to collect data for summative assessment. The analysis of the data indicates that prior acknowledgement of learners' motivation, educator/career counsellor's role, the learning environment, the methods utilized, and the teaching material can maximize the effectiveness of equivalent programs, due to the fulfillment of their needs, goals, and expectations.
The Challenges and Opportunities of Partnership in Establishing Online Postgraduate Provision
Authors: Taylor Faye
Published: September 2019

This chapter shares some of the ‘lessons learned' from the author's perspective of adopting a higher education services provider as partner for the design, development, and delivery of online postgraduate provision. Ultimately, partnering with a higher education services provider for the development of online learning offers distinct benefits in terms of marketing support, project management, and instructional design but the key to ensuring the partnership works effectively and impacts positively upon student experience, is to ensure a clear delineation of roles and responsibilities from the outset, avoid unnecessary shifts in personnel, and have a system of monitoring and control in place from the university's perspective to ensure that roles and responsibilities within the partnership are being upheld.
Some Basics to the Initial Setup and Maintenance of Serialized Online Learning
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: September 2019

Optimally, the learning sequence experienced by learners is addressed in the instructional design plan. So too is the sequencing of learning objects in the modules, related modules in the course, related courses in a degree program, and so on, from granular objects to larger ones. A variety of learning contents may be conceptualized, at a zoomed-out level, as “serialized” or a part of a series. Serialized online learning refers to any number of types of large-scale sequenced learning, such as endeavors that continue over extended time (such as a number of years), that involve a number of interrelated learning objects (like podcast series), and that serve both new learners and continuing learners. The instructional design for serialized online learning requires front-loaded design considerations and approaches that consider the continuing nature of such learning.
Defining Salient Features of “Boutique” Instructional Designs and Implications for Design, Development, and Deployment
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: September 2019

“Boutique” instructional design (ID) projects are fairly common across verticals, especially in higher education, open shared learning, government, and some commercial enterprises. In general, boutique-designed learning is small-scale, with narrowly targeted learners, limited development funding/access to information/development and deployment technology/human resources, and other aspects. The strategies and tactics for successful boutique projects differ in some ways than those used for mid-scale and full-scale/general ID projects. This work explores some of the dimensions of boutique ID projects and the implications of those dimensions on design, development, and deployment strategies and tactics. This work is informed by decades in the profession, a review of the literature, and analyses of related open-source and closed-source online learning objects.
Eliminating Trust Issues in Islamic Interbank Monetary System by Blockchain Technology
Authors: Yavuz Muhammet Furkan , Saiti Buerhan
Published: September 2019

In the literature, it is argued that there is an agency or incentive problem in the Mudarabah Interbank Instrument (MII), an instrument where the depositor is the rabbul-mal (capital provider or investor) while the counterparty is the mudarib or entrepreneur. It is to the receiving bank's advantage to ‘declare' a lower profit rate. To solve this problem, the Malaysian Central Bank revised the rules by setting a minimum benchmark rate for the MII. This practice is quite similar to the fixed interest rate in conventional financial system which may trigger several Shariah issues. In this chapter, the authors argue that the blockchain technology is a better way to address the issue and propose and how it overcomes the issue in the Islamic interbank money market. As implication of the study, Islamic banks can start using it as a testing process for the future businesses, and in accordance with the analyzing test results, they can implement the system for every occasion.
An Edge Detection Approach for Fractal Image Processing
Authors: Jena Kalyan Kumar , Mishra Sasmita , Mishra Sarojananda
Published: September 2019

Research in the field of fractal image processing (FIP) has increased in the current era. Edge detection of fractal images can be considered as an important domain of research in FIP. Detecting edges in different fractal images accurate manner is a challenging problem in FIP. Several methods have introduced by different researchers to detect the edges of images. However, no method works suitably under all conditions. In this chapter, an edge detection method is proposed to detect the edges of gray scale and color fractal images. This method focuses on the quantitative combination of Canny, LoG, and Sobel (CLS) edge detection operators. The output of the proposed method is produced using matrix laboratory (MATLAB) R2015b and compared with the edge detection operators such as Sobel, Prewitt, Roberts, LoG, Canny, and mathematical morphological operator. The experimental outputs show that the proposed method performs better as compared to other traditional methods.
A Review on Chaos-Based Image Encryption Using Fractal Function
Authors: Anandkumar R.  , Kalpana R.
Published: September 2019

The tremendous development in the field of telecommunication and computer technologies leads to the preference of transferring information as a digital data. In this transformation of information, cryptography helps in encrypting/decrypting digital data, so that intruders will not be able to sniff the highly confidential information. Most information is transferred as a digital image, where image encryption is done by scrambling the original pixels of the image, and hence, the correlation between the original pixel and scrambled pixel differs leading to confusion to unauthorized accesses. Chaotic image encryption is one of the recent technologies in cryptosystems, where a pseudorandom and irregular key is used for encryption/decryption, as the key suffers a great change if some initial conditions are altered, leading to highly secured transmission in the network. In this chapter, a detailed survey is conducted on chaotic image encryption using fractal function, in which fractal key is used for encryption and decryption of an image.
Empirical Performance Analysis of Wavelet Transform Coding-Based Image Compression Techniques
Authors: Shah Tawheed Jan , Banday M. Tariq
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, the performance of wavelet transform-based EZW coding and SPIHT coding technique have been evaluated and compared in terms of CR, PSNR, and MSE by applying them to similar color images in two standard resolutions. The application of these techniques on entire color images such as passport size photograph in which the region containing the face of a person is more significant than other regions results in equal loss of information content and less compression ratio. So, to achieve the high CRs and distribute the quality of the image unevenly, this chapter proposes the ROI coding technique. Compressing ROI portion using discrete wavelet transform with Huffman coding and NROI compressed with Huffman, EZW coding, SPIHT coding suggested effective compression at nearly no loss of quality in the ROI portion of the photograph. Further, higher CR and PSNR with lower MSE have been found in high-resolution photographs, thereby permitting the reduction of storage space, faster transmission on low bandwidth channels, and faster processing.
A Review of Contemporary Image Compression Techniques and Standards
Authors: Shah Tawheed Jan , Banday M. Tariq
Published: September 2019

Uncompressed multimedia data such as images require huge storage space, processing power, transmission time, and bandwidth. In order to reduce the storage space, transmission time, and bandwidth, the uncompressed image data is compressed before its storage or transmission. This process not only permits a large number of images to be stored in a specified amount of storage space but also reduces the time required for them to be sent or download from the internet. In this chapter, the classification of an image on the basis of number of bits used to represent each pixel of the digital image and different types of image redundancies is presented. This chapter also introduced image compression and its classification into different lossless and lossy compression techniques along with their advantages and disadvantages. Further, discrete cosine transform, its properties, and the application of discrete cosine transform-based image compression method (i.e., JPEG compression model) along with its limitations are also discussed in detail.
Analysis of Biomedical Image for Alzheimer's Disease Detection
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Pushkar Shashank
Published: September 2019

Image analysis is giving a huge breakthrough in every field of science and technology. The image is just a collection of pixels and light intensity. The image capturing was done in two ways: (1) by using infrared sensors and (2) by using radiography. The normal images are captured by using the infrared sensors. Radiography uses the various forms of a light family, such as x-ray, gamma rays, etc., to capture the image. The study of neuroimaging is one of the challenging research topics in the field of biomedical image processing. So, from this note, the motivation for this work is to analyze 3D images to detect Alzheimer's disease and compare the statistical results of the whole brain image data with standard doctor's results. The authors also provide a very short implementation for brain slicing and feature extraction using Freesurfer and OpenNeuro dataset.
An Algorithmic Approach Based on CMS Edge Detection Technique for the Processing of Digital Images
Authors: Jena Kalyan Kumar , Mishra Sasmita , Mishra Sarojananda
Published: September 2019

Research in the field of digital image processing (DIP) has increased in the current scenario. Edge detection of digital images is considered as an important area of research in DIP. Detecting edges in different digital images accurately is a challenging work in DIP. Different methods have been introduced by different researchers to detect the edges of images. However, no method works well under all conditions. In this chapter, an edge detection method is proposed to detect the edges of gray scale and color images. This method focuses on the combination of Canny, mathematical morphological, and Sobel (CMS) edge detection operators. The output of the proposed method is produced using matrix laboratory (MATLAB) R2015b and compared with Sobel, Prewitt, Roberts, Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG), Canny, and mathematical morphological edge detection operators. The experimental results show that the proposed method works better as compared to other existing methods in detecting the edges of images.