bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing the electronic properties of the B–B bond: the bis-catecholato diboron molecule
Authors: Toffoli D. , Grazioli C. , Monti M. , Stener M. , Totani R. , Richter R. , Schio L. , Fronzoni G. , Cossaro A.
Published: September 2021

ΔSCF calculations reveal the nature of the transitions in a B–B containing molecule, describing its electronic structure.
Comprehensive rear surface passivation of superstrate Sb2Se3 solar cells via post-deposition selenium annealing treatments and the application of an electron blocking layer
Authors: Jeong Giuk , Ji Seunghwan , Choi Jiwoon , Jung Jihun , Shin Byungha
Published: September 2021

The passivation of defects associated with the Se deficiency on a rear surface of superstrate SbSe3 is acheived by post-deposition annealing treatment (PAT) under Se ambiance. The PAT greatly improves the device performance, mainly Voc and FF.
Production of alkoxyl-functionalized cyclohexylamines from lignin-derived guaiacols
Authors: Zheng Bingxiao , Wu Haihong , Song Jinliang , Wu Wei , Mei Xuelei , Zhang Kaili , Xu Caiyun , Xu Jiao , He Mingyuan , Han Buxing
Published: September 2021

The direct reductive coupling of guaiacol and other guaiacol analogues with different amines over Pd/C with H2 as the reductant and without any additional additives is reported.
A single small molecule fluorescent probe for imaging RNA distribution and detecting endogenous SO2 through distinct fluorescence channels
Authors: Wang Zhaomin , Liu Yong , Wang Weishan , Zhao Chang , Lin Weiying
Published: September 2021

Herein, we developed a novel small molecule fluorescent probe for imaging the distribution of RNA and detecting endogenous SO2 through distinct fluorescence channels in cells.
Influence of (de)protonation on the photophysical properties of phenol-substituted diazine chromophores: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Hodée Maxime , Lenne Augustin , Rodríguez-López Julián , Robin-le Guen Françoise , Katan Claudine , Achelle Sylvain , Fihey Arnaud
Published: September 2021

In this contribution, a series of seven push–pull systems has been designed by combining a protonable diazine heterocycle with a deprotonable phenol unit through various π-conjugated linkers (phenylene, thienylene, thienylenevinylene, and phenylenevinylene).
Mechanical and optical behaviors: strain synergy effects in high temperature phase oxides of lead
Authors: Kang Qidong , Yang Fei , Zhang Xinyu , Hu Ziyu
Published: September 2021

The structural, electronic, mechanical and optical properties of lead oxide (α-PbO, β-PbO, CsCl–PbO, α-PbO2, and β-PbO2) systems were studied. Furthermore, these results may motivate more experimental and theoretical studies on different phases of lead oxides under high pressure and temperature.
Structure, synthesis, biosynthesis, and activity of the characteristic compounds fromGinkgo bilobaL.
Authors: Liu Xin-Guang , Lu Xu , Gao Wen , Li Ping , Yang Hua
Published: September 2021

Ginkgo bilobaL. is one of the most distinctive plants to have emerged on earth and has no close living relatives.
The tryptophan connection: cyclic peptide natural products linkedviathe tryptophan side chain
Authors: Swain Jonathan A. , Walker Stephen R. , Calvert Matthew B. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: September 2021

A review discussing the isolation and bioactivity of tryptophan-linked cyclic peptide natural products, along with discussion of their total synthesis and biosynthesis.
Liposome leakage and increased cellular permeability induced by guanidine-based oligomers: effects of liposome composition on liposome leakage and human lung epithelial barrier permeability
Authors: Ha Yeonjeong , Koo Yerim , Park Seon-Kyung , Kim Ga-Eun , Oh Han Bin , Kim Ha Ryong , Kwon Jung-Hwan
Published: September 2021

In this study, liposome leakage using different liposome compositions and increased cellular permeability of human lung monolayer models induced by PHMG and PHMB were investigated.
Fabrication of patterned solid surfaces with highly controllable wettability
Authors: Wang Meng , Guo Chuan Fei , Wang Xiaofeng , Xiang Bingxi , Qiu Mingxia , He Tiefeng , Yang Huan , Chen Yu , Dong Jianjie , Liu Qian , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: September 2021

Precisely controlling the wettability of a solid surface is vital for a wide range of applications such as control of liquid droplet motion, water collection and the directional transport of fluids.
Bathocuproine as a cathode interlayer for nonfullerene organic solar cells with efficiency over 17%
Authors: Liu Tiefeng , Sun Lulu , Xie Cong , Wang Wen , Qin Fei , Zhou Yinhua
Published: September 2021

Bathocuproine (BCP) is demonstrated as an efficient cathode interlayer for nonfullerene organic solar cells, where it is important to introduce PCBM into the active layer to suppress the reaction between the nonfullerene acceptor and BCP.
MOF-based electrocatalysts for high-efficiency CO2 conversion: structure, performance, and perspectives
Authors: Wang Xuanyu , Fan Mengyang , Guan Yayu , Liu Yuyu , Liu Minmin , Karsili Tolga N. V. , Yi Jin , Zhou Xiao-Dong , Zhang Jiujun
Published: September 2021

CO2 molecules are adsorbed by MOF-based catalysts with a moderately porous structure, which are subsequently converted by single metal atoms (Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Bi, etc.) to value-added chemicals and low carbon fuels such as CO and C2H4.
High-quality borophene quantum dot realization and their application in a photovoltaic device
Authors: Zhao Anran , Han Yu , Che Yuhang , Liu Qi , Wang Xiyang , Li Qi , Sun Jie , Lei Zhibin , He Xuexia , Liu Zong-Huai
Published: September 2021

High-quality and stable borophene quantum dots (BQDs) are first introduced as a surface passivation agent on the TiO2 layer in CsPbI2Br solar cells. The efficiencies of solar cells with and without BQDs modified are15.31% and 14.40%, respectively.
Stretching the c-axis of the Mn3O4 lattice with broadened ion transfer channels for enhanced Na-ion storage
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Zhao Rui , Yao Shuyun , Li Bingcan , Liu Ruochen , Hu Lingyuan , Zhang Anqi , Yang Ru , Liu Xia , Fu Zhenzhen , Wang Dewei , Yang ZhiYu , Yan Yi-Ming
Published: September 2021

C-Axis stretched lattice distorted Mn3O4 is achieved by a simple sulfurization/desulfurization treatment. The resultant Ov-Mn3O4 exhibits accelerated electronic and ionic transport kinetics, beneficial for the energy storage performance.
Constructing anion vacancy-rich MoSSe/G van der Waals heterostructures for high-performance Mg–Li hybrid-ion batteries
Authors: Yu Xianbo , Zhao Guangyu , Wu Canlong , Huang Huihuang , Liu Chao , Shen Xiaojie , Wang Ming , Bai Xiaoming , Zhang Naiqing
Published: September 2021

Anion vacancies riched MoSSe and graphene van der Waals heterostructures can reduce the ion diffusion barriers and increase the adsorption energy, thereby greatly enhancing the ion diffusion rate and suppressing the rapid voltage drop in discharge.
Structural design and evolution of a novel Bi3+-doped narrow-band emission blue phosphor with excellent photoluminescence performance for wide color gamut wLED
Authors: Piao Siqi , Wang Yichao , Zhu Ge , Zhang Jinsu , Zhang Xizhen , Wu Danyang , Cao Yongze , Li Xiangping , Chen Baojiu
Published: September 2021

A series of novel garnet structure narrow-band blue emission phosphors Ca4HfGe3−ySiyO12:xBi3+(0 ≤x≤ 0.04, 0 ≤y≤ 0.9) with great color purity and enhanced thermal stability have been successfully developed and synthesized.
Optical properties of orthorhombic germanium selenide: an anisotropic layered semiconductor promising for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Tołłoczko Agata , Zelewski Szymon J. , Błaszczak Michał , Woźniak Tomasz , Siudzińska Anna , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Scharoch Paweł , Kudrawiec Robert
Published: September 2021

The fundamental optical properties and photoconversion efficiency of GeSe, a strongly anisotropic semiconducting van der Waals crystal, are studied by exploiting a complementary combination of spectroscopic methods and photogenerated current measurements.
Type 2 immunity in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Luo Xinxin , Villablanca Eduardo J.
Published: September 2021

Type 2 immune responses commonly emerge during allergic reactions or infections with helminth parasites. Most of the cytokines associated with type 2 immune responses are IL-4, IL-5, and IL13, which are mainly produced by T helper 2 cells (TH2), eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Over the course of evolution, humans have developed type 2 immune responses to fight infections and to protect tissues from the potential collateral damage caused by inflammation. For example, worm parasites induce potent type 2 immune responses, which are needed to simultaneously clear the pathogen and to promote tissue repair following injury. Due to the strong type 2 immune responses induced by helminths, which can promote tissue repair in the damaged epithelium, their use has been suggested as a possible treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the role of type 2 immune responses in the initiation and progression of IBD is not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate type 2 immune responses during intestinal homeostasis, and we briefly discuss the scarce evidence linking type 2 immune responses with the aetiology of IBD.
Targeting the BCL-2-regulated apoptotic pathway for the treatment of solid cancers
Authors: Fairlie W. Douglas , Lee Erinna F.
Published: September 2021

The deregulation of apoptosis is a key contributor to tumourigenesis as it can lead to the unwanted survival of rogue cells. Drugs known as the BH3-mimetics targeting the pro-survival members of the BCL-2 protein family to induce apoptosis in cancer cells have achieved clinical success for the treatment of haematological malignancies. However, despite our increasing knowledge of the pro-survival factors mediating the unwanted survival of solid tumour cells, and our growing BH3-mimetics armamentarium, the application of BH3-mimetic therapy in solid cancers has not reached its full potential. This is mainly attributed to the need to identify clinically safe, yet effective, combination strategies to target the multiple pro-survival proteins that typically mediate the survival of solid tumours. In this review, we discuss current and exciting new developments in the field that has the potential to unleash the full power of BH3-mimetic therapy to treat currently recalcitrant solid malignancies.
Temporäre Endgelenkstransfixation bei subkutanen Strecksehnenabrissen der Zone 1 am Fingerendglied
Authors: Suffa Nadine , Merkel Pauline , Horch Raymund E. , Arkudas Andreas , Ludolph Ingo , Stumpfe Maximilian Christoph
Published: September 2021

Ziel Diese retrospektive, unizentrische Kohortenstudie untersucht die klinischen und subjektiven Ergebnisse nach temporärer K-Drahttransfixation in leichter Überstreckung des distalen Interphalangealgelenkes bei Strecksehnenabrissen.

Patienten und Methoden Die demografischen Daten der Patienten, der Bewegungsumfang des Endgelenkes, der Quick-DASH-Score sowie die Patientenzufriedenheit (0 = unzufrieden, 10 = sehr zufrieden), fortbestehende Schmerzen (ja/nein) und postoperative Komplikationen wurden anhand eines eigens entworfenen Fragebogens und einer zur Bestimmung des Bewegungsausmaßes des Fingerendgelenkes durch die Patienten selbst entwickelten Schablone ermittelt. Fragebogen und Schablone wurden 132 Patienten zugesandt, bei denen im Zeitraum von Januar 2009 bis Dezember 2019 ein Strecksehnenabriss am Fingerendgelenk mittels temporärer K-Drahttransfixation behandelt wurde. 65 Patienten (49,2 %) – 40 Männer und 25 Frauen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 53,3 Jahren – sandten Fragebogen und Schablone vollständig ausgefüllt zurück. 40-mal lag eine akute, 25-mal eine chronische Verletzung vor. 35-mal (54 %) war der Mittel-, 19-mal (29 %) der Klein-, 10-mal (15 %) der Ring- und nur einmal (2 %) der Zeigefinger betroffen. Das Gesamtergebnis wurde unter Berücksichtigung des Streckdefizits entsprechend der Crawford-Klassifikation und dem Vorhandensein von persistierenden Schmerzen bewertet.

Ergebnisse Entsprechend der modifizierten Crawford-Klassifikation fanden sich 75 % exzellente, 14 % gute und 11 % befriedigende Ergebnisse. Die Patienten waren subjektiv im Durchschnitt mit 7,9 von 10 Punkten sehr zufrieden. 15 Patienten berichteten über Komplikationen, 6 davon beklagten anhaltend Schmerzen. Der Quick-DASH-Score lag durchschnittlich bei 5,4 Punkten.

Schlussfolgerung Die temporäre Transfixation des distalen Interphalangealgelenkes in Hyperextensionsstellung stellt ein effektives Verfahren zur Behandlung subkutaner Strecksehnenabrisse mit hoher Patientenzufriedenheit dar.
Pflegevisite – Pflege sichtbar machen
Authors: Noelle Reiner
Published: September 2021

Die Pflegeprozessdokumentation gepaart mit einer Pflegevisite, die die Vorzüge aus der Digitalität ziehen kann, sind eine ideale Kombination, um die Pflege zu stärken.
Distal interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis using only Kirschner Wires in small distal Phalanges
Authors: Lee Jun-Ku , Lee Soonchul , Choi SeongJu , Han Dong Hun , Oh Jongbeom , Kil Minkyu , Han Soo-Hong
Published: September 2021

Purpose To report the clinical and radiographic results of arthrodesis of relatively small-sized distal interphalangeal joints (DIPJs) using only K-wire fixation.

Patients and methods Between January 2000 and December 2018 28 arthrodesis in 21 patients (9 males and 12 females with an average age of 52.1 years) with relatively small-sized DIPJs were performed using only K-wires. Data on patient’s characteristics, such as age, sex, affected finger, and the number and size of the used k-wires were collected from the medical database. The narrowest diameter of the cortex and medulla of the distal phalanx was measured on preoperative plain radiographs. The time to union and the arthrodesis angle was determined using serial X-ray radiography follow-up. Preoperatively and at the latest follow-up examination, pain using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the quick DASH score was registered. In addition, complications were investigated.

Results Average follow-up period was 11.4 months. The small finger was mostly affected (n = 12; 42.9 %). The narrowest diameters of the distal phalanx cortex and the medulla measured on preoperative X-ray images were 2.8 mm (SD 0.5) and 1.2 mm (SD 0.4), respectively. Seven fusions were done with use of 1 K-wire, 20 with 2 (71.4 %), and 1 with 3 K-wires. The most common K-wire sizes were 1.1-inch (24 K-wires = 48 %), and 0.9 inch (21 K-wires = 42 %) The preoperative VAS score and quick DASH score improved from 6.1 (range: 0–9) and 25.8 (range: 2–38) to 0.4 (range: 0–2) and 3.4 (range: 0–10.2), respectively. 25 (89.3 %) out of 28 fingers achieved bony union in an average of 96.1 days (range: 58–114) with three non-union.

Conclusion Arthrodesis of small DIPJs with K-wire fixation has a high success rate. Therefore, we suggest K-wire fixation as an acceptable alternative for patients with a small phalanx which may be at risk of mismatch with bigger implants. However, concerns remain in terms of fusion delay with K-wire only fixation.
Der Gelenkersatz mit einem Silikonimplantat bei der Primärversorgung offener Defektverletzungen eines Fingergelenkes
Authors: Besmens Inga Swantje , Giesen Thomas , Guidi Marco , Calcagni Maurizio
Published: September 2021

Fingergelenksarthroplastiken mit Silikonimplantaten zur Behandlung einer degenerativen, rheumatischen oder posttraumatischen Gelenksdestruktion werden seit Jahren mit gutem Erfolg durchgeführt. Bei akut schwer traumatisierten Händen erfolgt der Einsatz von Silikonimplantaten selten. Wir berichten über 5 konsekutive Patienten, bei denen bei einer Defektverletzung eines Fingergelenkes bei der Primärversorgung das defekte Gelenk durch ein Silikonimplantat komplikationslos ersetzt wurde. Die Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug mindestens 8 Monate. Bei allen Patienten verlief die Heilung ereignislos ohne Infektionen und mit einem funktionellen Bewegungsumfang. Kein Patient klagte über Instabilität. Bei richtiger Patientenselektion ist der Gelenkersatz mit Silikonimplantaten auch in der akuten Unfallsituation eine sinnvolle Alternative zur Arthrodese von zerstörten Fingergelenken.
The Effect of early active Movement following Repair of Extensor Tendons in Zone IV using three different suture Techniques – A cadaveric Study
Authors: Zeynalov Samir Ilgaroglu , Ismailoglu Abdulveli , Verimli Ural , Alakbarov Anar , Cansü Eren
Published: September 2021

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of early active movement on the area repaired with three different suture techniques used in extensor tendon injuries in zone IV.

Materials and Methods A total of nine cadaver’s 35 extensor tendons from 9 intact upper extremities were used in this study. The proximal and distal borders of the extensor tendons in zone IV were marked. The distance between the proximal and distal border was measured with a 0.5 mm precision tape measure and the mid-point was marked. Intertendinous connections were dissected and loop sutures were prepared for each extensor digitorum. Afterwards, force was applied to each digit along the tendon axis from the loops inserted into the extensor tendons, to measure the extensor forces required to extend the MCP joints to 0˚ with a hand scale. The flexor tendons of the digits were dissected at zone III, and loop sutures were prepared individually for the tendons to enable independent flexion for each digit. The force required to fully flex the digits was measured with a hand scale. The extensor tendons were incised transversely and repaired at the mid-point in zone IV with three different suture techniques (double Kessler, double figure of eight, running interlocking horizontal mattress (RIHM)). The extenxor tendon lengths in zone IV were re-measured for all digits after suturing. The predetermined forces required for full flexion and extension of the digits were applied to the repaired digits. After force was applied 20 times to each tendon, the gap formation was checked. Totally 200 flexion and 200 extension movements were applied to each finger with the help of a hand-held scale. Formation of 2-mm gap was failure criteria. At the end of the movements the extent of the gaps was recorded. In the absence of insufficiency at the repair site, 50 additional flexion and extension movements with double the previously recorded forces were applied to the tendons.

Results There was a significant shortening of the extensor tendons after repair independent from the used suture technique. No significant gap formation was detected in all three suture techniques.

Conclusion All three suturing techniques are reliable for early active movements following the zone IV extensor tendon repairs. Therefore, surgeons can choose one of those three suture techniques to repair extensor tendon injuries in zone IV.
Orale Therapie der Interstitiellen Zystitis: Pentosanpolysulfat-Natrium
Authors: Wiedemann Andreas
Published: September 2021

Einleitung Die im Moment favorisierte Entstehungstheorie der
Interstitiellen Zystitis/Blasenschmerzsyndrom (IC/BPS) stellt einen Defekt der das Urothel vor
Urinbestandteilen isolierenden Glycosaminoclycan-Schicht in den Vordergrund. Diese
Polysaccharid-Schicht kann durch eine orale Therapie mit dem Heparinoid Pentosanpolysulfat
(PPS) restituiert werden. Die Historie der Substanz, ihre Wirksamkeit, Bewertung in Leitlinien
und besonders die fraglichen Zusammenhänge mit einer Makulopathie sollen im Folgenden
vorgestellt werden.

Methodik Literaturrecherche in PubMed und Embase

Ergebnisse PPS besitzt eine US-amerikanische und europaweite
Zulassung zur Therapie der IC – zumeist geknüpft an den Nachweis von Glomerulationen oder
einem sog. Hunner-Ulcus in der Distensionszystoskopie. In randomisierten Zulassungsstudien
wurde die Wirksamkeit belegt. Dies führte zu einer Empfehlung als Basistherapeutikum der IC
neben verhaltensmodulierenden, diätetischen und medikamentös-flankierenden Maßnahmen wie z. B.
einer Schmerztherapie. Nach einer sechsmonatigen Therapie soll eine Reevaluation erfolgen. Zu
den Nebenwirkungen gehören der mild blutverdünnende Effekt, Übelkeit und Haarausfall. 2
Publikationen einer amerikanischen Augenklinik postulierten jüngst einen Zusammenhang einer
langjährigen, hoch dosierten Therapie mit einer bestimmten Form der retinalen Makulopathie.
Dieser Zusammenhang wurde in unabhängigen Registerstudien inzwischen widerlegt, führte aber
per Rote-Hand-Brief zu einem entsprechenden Warnhinweis in Deutschland. Aufgrund eines
Rechtsstreites zwischen den Kostenträgern und dem Hersteller über die Erstattung ist PPS in
Deutschland inselartig außer Handel, jedoch weiter verordnungsfähig und kann aus dem
europäischen Ausland reimportiert werden. Die Kosten schlagen in Deutschland mit rund 20 Euro
Tagestherapiekosten zu Buche. Dieser Umstand und viele Missverständnisse über die
Verordnungsmodalitäten haben bedauerlicherweise zu einer Verstärkung der schon bestehenden
Unterversorgung von IC-Patienten geführt. Es steht zu befürchten, dass mit zunehmender
Zeitdauer des laufenden Rechtsstreites diese Unterversorgung noch zunehmen wird.

Fazit Als einzige kausal wirkende orale Therapieform der IC
besitzt PPS einen besonderen Stellenwert. Allen Besonderheiten bzgl. der
Verordnungsmodalitäten und dem strittigen Zusammenhang mit einer möglichen Makulopathie zum
Trotz darf PPS Betroffenen nicht vorenthalten werden.
The Effect of Continuous PEEP Administration during Surfactant Instillation on Cerebral Hemodynamics in Intubated Preterm Infants: A NIRS Study
Authors: Bezirganoglu Handan , Okur Nilufer , Buyuktiryaki Mehmet , Oguz Serife Suna , Simsek Gulsum Kadioglu , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Kutman Gozde Kanmaz
Published: September 2021

Objective There is an ongoing debate about the best and comfortable way to administer surfactant. We hypothesized that uninterrupted respiratory support and continuous PEEP implementation while instilling surfactant via endotracheal tube (ETT) with side port will result in higher regional cerebral tissue oxygenation (rcSO2) and the alterations in cerebral hemodynamics will be minimal.

Study Design Preterm infants who required intubation in the delivery room and/or in the first 24 hours of life with gestational age <32 were enrolled. Patients were intubated either via conventional ETT or ETT with side port (Vygon) with appropriate sizes. Following neonatal intensive care unit admission a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) probe was placed on the forehead and each infant was started to be monitored with NIRS. In conventional ETT group, patients separated from the ventilator while surfactant was instilled. In ETT with side port group, respiratory support was not interrupted during instillation. Heart rate, oxygen saturation, rcSO2, cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE), and blood pressures were recorded.

Results A total of 46 infants were analyzed. Surfactant was instilled with conventional ETT in 23 and ETT with side port in 23 infants. Birth weights (1,037 ± 238 vs. 1,152 ± 277 g) and gestational ages (28 ± 2.3 vs. 29 ± 1.6 weeks) did not differ between groups. During instillation of surfactant, rcSO2 levels [61.5 (49–90) vs. 70 (48–85)] and cFTOE levels 0.28 (0.10–0.44) vs. 0.23 (0.03–0.44)] were similar (p = 0.58 and 0.82, respectively).

Conclusion Interruption of respiratory support during surfactant instillation did not significantly alter the cerebral tissue oxygenation. These results did not support our hypothesis and should be confirmed with further studies.

Key Points
A Quality Assessment of Online Patient Information Regarding Rhinoplasty
Authors: Shamil Eamon , Scenza Gabriela Di , Ghani Shahi Abdul , Fan Ka Siu , Ragulan Suthaharan , Salem Joseph , Šurda Pavol , D'Souza Alwyn Ray
Published: September 2021

There is a large demand for online patient information for patients considering rhinoplasty. While there are many resources available, the quality and content of the information provided are unknown. This study aimed to assess the quality of the most popular information available online, using the “Ensuring Quality Information for Patients” (EQIP) tool to evaluate the content, structure, and readability of patient information on websites. Search terms including nose operation, nose job, nose reshaping, nose tip surgery, rhinoplasty, septorhinoplasty, were identified using Google AdWords and Trends. Unique links from the first 10 pages for each term were identified and evaluated with websites written in English and for general non-medical public use were included. 295 websites met the eligibility criteria with a median overall EQIP score of 17. Only 33% contained balanced information on the risks and benefits. Bleeding and infection risk was only mentioned in 29% and 27% of websites, respectively. Two percent described complication rates of the procedures and only 20% of articles explained further surgery may be required to achieve patient cosmetic or functional satisfaction. Information regarding rhinoplasty available online is currently of poor quality. The lack of effective risk counselling, possible outcome management, and complications may likely lead to unrealistic expectations of rhinoplasty. It is crucial the risks of surgery are communicated to the patient to ensure they can make an informed decision. Improved education through online resources would likely help to promote more realistic patient expectations.
Thiamine Deficiency and Neurological Symptoms in Patients with Hematological Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Iimura Yohei , Andoh Shohei , Kawamata Toyotaka , Sato Aki , Yokoyama Kazuaki , Imai Yoichi , Tojo Arinobu , Nojima Masanori , Sugiura Munetoshi , Kuroda Seiichiro
Published: September 2021

Objectives Patients with hematological cancer receiving chemotherapy have a high risk of thiamine deficiency due to accelerated thiamine usage by tumor cells. Mild or severe thiamine deficiency can lead to varying degrees of neurological symptoms. We evaluated the relationship between thiamine deficiency and neurological symptoms, including mild or nonspecific symptoms, and the influence of chemotherapy on thiamine serum levels in patients with hematological cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively identified 42 patients diagnosed with hematological cancer at our hospital, using electronic medical records collected from March 2019 to March 2020. We evaluated the risk factors associated with neurological symptoms (mild-to-severe cognitive impairment, attention impairment, and mood or emotional disorder), the relationship between the presence of neurological symptoms and thiamine serum levels, and changes in thiamine serum levels after chemotherapy.

Results Thiamine deficiency was significantly associated with neurological symptoms. The thiamine serum levels in the group with neurological symptoms were significantly lower than those in the group without neurological symptoms. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that thiamine serum levels after chemotherapy were significantly lower than those before administration of chemotherapy.

Conclusion Thiamine serum levels in patients with hematological cancer may be used as a reference to maintain neurological status during chemotherapy.
Maternal Morbidity with Repeated Cesarean Deliveries
Authors: Klahr Rebecca , Cheung Kevin , Markovic Emily S. , Naert Mackenzie , Rebarber Andrei , Fox Nathan S.
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to estimate the association between adverse maternal outcomes and the number of repeated cesarean deliveries (CDs) in a single obstetrical practice.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of all CDs between 2005 and 2020 in a single maternal fetal medicine practice. We used electronic records to get baseline characteristics and pregnancy/surgical outcomes based on the number of prior CDs. We performed two subgroup analyses for women with and without placenta previa. Chi-square for trend and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used.

Results A total of 3,582 women underwent CD and met inclusion criteria. Of these women, 1,852 (51.7%) underwent their first cesarean, 950 (26.5%) their second, 382 (10.7%) their third, 191 (5.3%) their fourth, 117 (3.3%) their fifth, and 84 (2.3%) their sixth or higher CDs. The incidence of adverse outcomes (placenta accreta, uterine window, uterine rupture, hysterectomy, blood transfusion, cystotomy, bowel injury, need for a ventilator postpartum, intensive care unit admission, wound complications, thrombosis, reoperation, and maternal death) increased with additional CDs. However, the absolute rates remained low. In women without a placenta previa, the likelihood of adverse outcome did not differ across groups. In women with a placenta previa, adverse outcomes increased with increasing CDs. However, the incidence of placenta previa did not increase with increasing CDs (<5% in each group). The incidence of a uterine dehiscence increased significantly with additional CDs: first, 0.2%; second, 2.0%; third, 6.6%; fourth, 10.3%; fifth, 5.8%; and sixth or higher, 10.4% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Maternal morbidity increases with CDs, but the absolute risks remain low. For women without placenta previa, increasing CDs is not associated with maternal morbidity. For women with placenta previa, risks are highest, but the incidence of placenta previa does not increase with successive CDs. The likelihood of uterine dehiscence increases significantly with increasing CDs which should be considered when deciding about timing of delivery in this population.

Key Points
Improved imaging using Mn He-α x rays at OMEGA EP
Authors: Fiedler Kawaguchi C. , Flippo K. A. , Rasmus A. M. , Tobias B. , Byvank T. , Di Stefano C. A. , Merritt E. C. , Doss F. W. , Kelso K. V. , Vazirani N. N. , Stoeckl C. , Bedzyk M. , Jungquist R. , Mileham C.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we report on a crystal based x-ray imaging system fielded at the OMEGA EP laser facility. This new system has a pointing accuracy of +/100 μm, a temporal resolution down to 100 ps (depending on backlighter characteristics), variable magnification, and a spatial resolution of 21.9 µm at the object plane at a magnification of 15×. The system is designed to use a crystal along the crystal plane that satisfies the Bragg condition for the x ray of interest. The thin crystal is then bent into a spherical geometry and attached to a glass backing substrate to hold it in the diagnostic, and the x rays are imaged onto a charge coupled device. We report on data acquired with the new Los Alamos National Laboratory supplied spherical quartz crystal to image the Mn He-α 6.15 keV line emission.
Assessing the potential of ion beam analytical techniques for depth profiling Li in thin film Li ion batteries
Authors: Mathayan Vairavel , Morita Kenji , Tsuchiya Bun , Ye Rongbin , Baba Mamoru , Moro Marcos V. , Primetzhofer Daniel
Published: September 2021

Depth resolution and probing depth for Li in lithium thin film batteries achievable using different ion beam analytical techniques were investigated. Experiments using protons for nuclear reaction analysis, He ions for time-of-flight (TOF) energy elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) in transmission geometry, as well as He and Li ions for coincidence ERDA in transmission geometry are performed. Experimental results are compared in terms of the obtained Li concentration in the separator layer. In coincidence ERDA experiments, significant loss of Li–Li and He–Li coincidence counts was observed due to multiple scattering of recoiled/scattered particles in the battery sample. The ideal achievable Li depth resolution was calculated for the ion beam techniques. A depth resolution of 750, 1030, 310, and 510 × 1015 atoms/cm2 could be achieved in the Nb2O5 cathode by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) using 2 MeV H, TOF-ERDA using 8 MeV He, and coincidence ERDA using 8 MeV He and 8 MeV Li ions, respectively, upon optimization of the experimental setup. While a depth resolution of 120 × 1015 ions/cm2 could be achieved for Li by conventional TOF-ERDA using an solid-state detector energy detector and light primary ions such as O under gracing incidence, TOF-ERDA experiments are found to produce significantly higher beam damage in batteries than other techniques. The beam damage in NRA and coincidence ERDA as performed in this study is estimated to be of the order of 10−4 dpa.
Traveling of extreme events in network of counter-rotating nonlinear oscillators
Authors: Varshney Vaibhav , Kumarasamy Suresh , Mishra Ajay , Biswal Bibhu , Prasad Awadhesh
Published: September 2021

We study the propagation of rare or extreme events in a network of coupled nonlinear oscillators, where counter-rotating oscillators play the role of the malfunctioning agents. The extreme events originate from the coupled counter-oscillating pair of oscillators through a mechanism of saddle-node bifurcation. A detailed study of the propagation and the destruction of the extreme events and how these events depend on the strength of the coupling is presented. Extreme events travel only when nearby oscillators are in synchronization. The emergence of extreme events and their propagation are observed in a number of excitable systems for different network sizes and for different topologies.
Low-energy intense pulsed light annealing of InZnO sol-gel films via employment of a resonant absorber
Authors: Cho Minwoo , Song Kyeong-Youn , Cho Kwan hyun , Lee Hoo-Jeong
Published: September 2021

A resonant absorber enables low-temperature sintering of InZnO sol–gel films with low-energy-density intense pulse light (IPL) irradiation (1 J/pulse). A back-gate structure, incorporated with a resonant absorber, exhibits effective light absorption. A device fabricated based on such a gate structure and sintered with irradiation of 50 pulses (∼50 J/cm2) demonstrates good electrical properties with a mobility of 0.34 cm2/V s and an on–off ratio of 106 and a substrate temperature under 210 °C, showcasing that employing a resonant absorber could enable low-temperature sintering of sol–gel films with low-energy-density irradiation. Further x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the oxygen and nitrogen peaks indicates that IPL irradiation facilitated sol–gel reactions in films.
Emergent electronic properties in Co-deposited superatomic clusters
Authors: Fiedler Holger , Schacht Julia , Hammerschmidt Lukas , Golovko Vladimir , Gaston Nicola , Halpert Jonathan E.
Published: September 2021

We report an intercluster compound based on co-deposition of the Au cluster [Au9(PPh3)8](NO3)3 and the fulleride KC60(THF). Electronic properties characteristic for a charge interaction between superatoms emerge within the solid state material [Au9(PPh3)8](NO3)3−x(C60)x, as confirmed by UV–VIS and Raman spectroscopy and I–V measurements. These emergent properties are related to the superatomic electronic states of the initial clusters. The material is characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical measurements. Structural optimization and ab initio band structure calculations are performed with density functional theory to interpret the nature of the electronic states in the material; Bader charge calculations assign effective oxidation states in support of the superatomic model of cluster interactions.
Exploiting eutectic formation and phase separation to produce plasmonic metamaterials
Authors: Dice Nathan , Austin Aaron J. , McIlroy David
Published: September 2021

Novel Au mesostructures with a polyhedron shape, henceforth referred to as pyramids, are produced by annealing in vacuo an Au thin film on a Si(100) substrate. Gold diffusion and incorporation into pyramids is a function of the thickness of the Au film, the annealing temperature, and the vacuum pressure. The Au pyramids have unique surface morphologies due to the presence of channels and plateaus, where channels are cut into the surface of the pyramids and plateaus are the surfaces between adjacent channels. The bulk of the pyramids consists of Au with cavities that are devoid of Au or Si. Normalized energy dispersive spectroscopy of intact regions of the surface are 98.1 wt. % Au and 1.9 wt. % Si, while the bottom of the channels are 85.7 wt. % Au and 14.3 wt. % Si. Therefore, one step in the growth process is the formation of an Au–Si eutectic. The low concentration of Si in the solid regions of the pyramid and its high concentration in the walls of the cavities are indicative of phase separation of the Au–Si eutectic. The pyramids are oriented in the same direction relative to one another and are a consequence of eutectic formation-induced etching of the Si(100) surface. The scattering spectrum (non-specular reflectivity) of the Au pyramids consists of two very strong surface plasmon polariton states that correspond to excitation from the Au d-bands to the sp conduction bands. The surface morphology produces linearly polarized reflected light.
Effect of short-range order on the mechanical behaviors of tensile and shear for NiCoFeCr
Authors: Liu Xiaotao , Zhao Hanyue , Ding Hongsheng , Lin De-Ye , Tian Fuyang
Published: September 2021

We adopt the modified embedded atom potentials based classical molecular dynamics in combination with the similar atomic environment method to investigate the effects of different short-range orders on the mechanical behaviors of NiCoFeCr under the tensile and shear load conditions. Results indicate that the tensile and shear loads induce the elastic deformation, non-evenly yield deformation, and evenly plastic deformation. The formation of partial dislocations and stacking faults' core as well as the twin is the key factor of plastic deformation. The short-range order enhances the strength of NiCoFeCr.
Growth of highly relaxed InGaN pseudo-substrates over full 2-in. wafers
Authors: Chan Philip , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji
Published: September 2021

A highly relaxed InGaN buffer layer was demonstrated over a full two-inch c-plane sapphire substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The InGaN buffer layer was grown on a 100 nm GaN decomposition stop layer with a 3 nm thick high indium composition InGaN underlayer. After thermal decomposition of the underlayer at 1000 °C, a 200 nm thick In0.04Ga0.96N buffer showed 85% biaxial relaxation measured by a high resolution x-ray diffraction reciprocal space map. When used as a pseudo-substrate for the regrowth of InGaN/InGaN multi-quantum wells, the sample showed a 75 nm red-shift in room temperature photoluminescence when compared to a co-loaded GaN template reference. The longer emission wavelength is associated with higher indium incorporation in the InGaN layers from the lessening of the compositional pulling effect caused by compressive strain. Using this technique, a simple red light emitting diode was demonstrated with an active layer growth temperature of 825 °C and a peak wavelength of 622 nm at a current density of 20 A cm−2. This work represents a unique method to relax a III-nitride based layer over a full substrate.
Gas adsorption and separation in metal–organic frameworks by PC-SAFT based density functional theory
Authors: Sang Jiarong , Wei Feng , Dong Xinyan
Published: September 2021

In this work, we examine the theoretical performance of perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory based density functional theory (DFT) in predicting gas adsorption and separation in metal–organic frameworks by using simulation and experimental data as the benchmark. Adsorption isotherms of methane and ethane in pure gas and mixtures and selectivities for ethane/methane mixtures are calculated. The predicted isotherms by DFT are in excellent agreement with simulation and experimental data for pure methane and ethane, whereas for the mixture, DFT is in semi-quantitative accordance with simulation results. For fast and high-throughput screening of material purpose, three algorithms including Picard iteration with line search, Anderson mixing, and Picard–Anderson-hybrid algorithm are proposed to calculate the three dimensional density distribution of confined gases. The advantages and limitations of the three algorithms under various conditions are discussed.
Optical simulation for radiative absorption of plasmonic nanoparticles using metal–insulator–magnetic structure for solar energy applications
Authors: Gonome Hiroki , Hirai Tatsuro , Lee Bong Jae , Kashiwagi Makoto
Published: September 2021

Recently, solar thermal conversion technology, wherein solar energy is directly converted into thermal energy, has attracted significant attention as it ensures sustainable and modern clean energy generation for a progressive society. A direct-absorption solar collector that uses plasmonic nanofluids is useful for collecting solar energy. Thus, improving the solar absorption performance of plasmonic nanoparticles can further reduce the fabrication cost. We conceptualized multilayer sputtered (metal–insulator–magnetic) plasmonic nanoparticles that exhibit a broadband absorption spectrum and are easy to mass-produce. Particles with a metal–insulator–magnetic structure have not been developed in the past. To clarify the physics of the optical properties of the particles, electromagnetic field analysis was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics. Electromagnetic field analysis of the stacked plasmonic nanoparticles showed that the absorption efficiency depended on particle size and film thickness; the absorption peak increased significantly for an increasing particle size with a long shift, indicating the broadening of the absorption spectrum. In addition, the absorption spectrum could be controlled by changing the number of metal layers and the structure of the plasmonic nanoparticles. To quantitatively evaluate the spectral absorption efficiency, the total sunlight absorption efficiency (TSA) was defined as an evaluation parameter. TSA showed that the solar absorption performance of two-layer plasmonic nanoparticles was approximately 2.4 times that of homogeneous nanoparticles of the same size. Thus, the present study demonstrates the usefulness of bilayer plasmonic nanoparticles.
Employing nurse practitioners in general practice: an exploratory survey of the perspectives of managers
Authors: Mustafa Maher , Adams Sue , Bareham Corinne , Carryer Jenny
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Establishing the nurse practitioner (NP) workforce in New Zealand is a viable solution to health and workforce challenges in primary health care. General practices have been slow to implement NP services. Managers of general practices are central to the employment and development of NP roles. AIM To explore the perspectives of managers on employing NPs in general practice. METHODS An electronic survey was used to collect demographic and numerical data, which were analysed descriptively and analytically using SPSS (version 26). Written answers to open-ended questions were analysed qualitatively. RESULTS In total, 143 managers participated in the survey (response rate 39.7%); 54 (37.8%) worked in practices employing at least one NP. Of respondents, 88.9% (n = 127) agreed or strongly agreed that NPs could enhance continuity of care (89/143, 62.2%), improved access to services and medications (89/143, 62.2%) and filled a gap that added value to health care (97/143, 67.8%). Practices employing NPs had statistically significant higher levels of agreement about the advantages of NPs than practices not employing NPs. Challenges and enablers to employing NPs were themed under organisational environment, NP scope of practice and role, and NP workforce development. DISCUSSION This exploratory study revealed that there is little knowledge about the NP workforce in surveyed general practices. Ongoing work is required to improve knowledge for employing general practices, including dissemination of information about NP education and training, scope and models of care, and ability to generate business income.
Glycocalyx crowding with mucin mimetics strengthens binding of soluble and virus-associated lectins to host cell glycan receptors
Authors: Honigfort Daniel J. , Altman Meghan O. , Gagneux Pascal , Godula Kamil
Published: September 2021

Significance

Like other animal hosts, humans are constantly challenged by pathogens. This has led to an evolution of physical barriers coating all mucosal tissues, which are most vulnerable to infection. An important part of this defense is a dense brush of large proteins, called mucins, which are heavily decorated with sugars and keep pathogens at bay. Deciphering how pathogens overcome the mucin barrier is necessary to understand early stages of infection and to develop more effective treatments. By artificially installing a mucin-like shield on the surfaces of cells using synthetic sugar–bearing polymers, we have discovered a physical mechanism by which proteins and viruses can exploit this barrier to adhere to their targets more strongly.
An L1 retrotransposon insertion–induced deafness mouse model for studying the development and function of the cochlear stria vascularis
Authors: Song Chenmeng , Li Jie , Liu Shuang , Hou Hanqing , Zhu Tong , Chen Jiaofeng , Liu Lian , Jia Yichang , Xiong Wei
Published: September 2021

Significance

To gain better hearing sensitivity, the energetic and metabolic supplies are crucial for cochlea to develop a blood-labyrinth barrier containing abundant capillaries and cellular compartments. For example, the stria vascularis, the power plant of the cochlea, generates a +80 mV endocochlear potential and a 150 mM potassium concentration in the scala media. Previous studies of stria vascularis development and function have been largely focused on characterizing transcription factors, channels, and transporters. In our study, we identify a retrotransposon insertion mutation responsible for complete stria vascularis loss of function. Our study further highlights the diversity of genetic mutations capable of inducing inherited deafness.
Gestural symbolic strategies in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Bello Arianna , Stefanini Silvia , Rinaldi Pasquale , Onofrio Daniela , Volterra Virginia
Published: September 2021

In early communicative development, children with Down syndrome (DS) make extensive use of gestures to compensate for articulatory difficulties. Here, we analyzed the symbolic strategies that underlie this gesture production, compared to that used by typically developing children. Using the same picture-naming task, 79 representational gestures produced by 10 children with DS and 42 representational gestures produced by 10 typically developing children of comparable developmental age (3;1 vs. 2;9, respectively) were collected. The gestures were analyzed and classified according to four symbolic strategies. The two groups performed all of the strategies, with no significant differences for either choice or frequency of the strategies used. The item analysis highlighted that some photographs tended to elicit the use of the same strategy in both groups. These results indicate that similar symbolic strategies are active in children with DS as in typically developing children, which suggests interesting similarities in their symbolic development.
Social hyperscanning with fNIRS
Authors: Balconi Michela , Bartolo Angela , Fronda Giulia
Published: September 2021

The interest of neuroscience has been aimed at the investigation of the neural bases underlying gestural communication.
This research explored the intra- and inter-brain connectivity between encoder and decoder. Specifically, adopting a “hyperscanning
paradigm” with the functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) cerebral connectivity in oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb)
hemoglobin levels were revealed during the reproduction of affective, social, and informative gestures of different valence. Results showed
an increase of intra- and inter-brain connectivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for affective gestures, in superior frontal gyrus for
social gestures and in frontal eyes field for informative gestures. Moreover, encoder showed a higher intra-brain connectivity in posterior
parietal areas more than decoder. Finally, an increasing of inter-brain connectivity more than intra-brain (ConIndex) was observed in left
regions for positive gestures. The present research has explored how the individuals neural tuning mechanisms turn out to be strongly
influenced by the nature of specific gestures.