bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Audit of VTE prophylaxis prescribing preferences among orthopaedic consultants in Irish orthopaedic trauma centres
Authors: Timon Charles , Kilkenny Conor , Byrne Nicola , Quinlan John F. , McGoldrick Niall P.
Published: February 2025

Background

Thromboembolic complications are common in trauma orthopaedic practise. Despite extensive research, there remain a number of unanswered questions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis.

Aims

To establish the current practise among Irish consultant orthopaedic surgeons regarding thromboprophylaxis.

Methods

A confidential online questionnaire regarding VTE prophylaxis was circulated to all consultant orthopaedic surgeons in training hospitals in the Republic of Ireland. Questions investigated surgeon awareness of local/national guidelines, inpatient and outpatient prescribing preferences and agreement/disagreement with the statement that defensive medicine, rather than evidence-based medicine, has driven increased emphasis on VTE prophylaxis in Ireland in recent years.

Results

The response rate was 72% (69/96). 72% (50/79) of surgeons were aware of local VTE prophylaxis guidelines. 38% (29/96) were aware of national guidelines. 89% (62/69) routinely used mechanical prophylaxis modalities. 73.9% (51/69) routinely used chemical prophylaxis for inpatients. However, this practise was z extremely heterogenous with five other pharmacological agents used by the remainder. 82.6% (57/69) routinely discharged patients on extended duration chemical prophylaxis. 67% (46/69) agreed that the recent increased emphasis on VTE prophylaxis was due to defensive medicine and not evidence-based medicine.

Conclusion

The results of this survey show that venous thromboembolism is regarded as a significant complication of orthopaedic surgery and most orthopaedic surgeons actively try to prevent it. There was a higher rate of intervention compared to previous surveys of Irish orthopaedic surgeons, possibly reflecting surgeon concerns regarding the high rate of litigation nationally. However, there is no consensus as to the optimum therapy which reflects the conflicting evidence available in the many publications on this subject.
Bullying Victimization and Subjective Well-Being in 10- and 12-year-Old Children from 24 Countries: The Buffering Effect of Family and Teacher Support
Authors: Oriol Xavier , Miranda Rafael , Varela Jorge , Garcia Nuria
Published: February 2025

Bullying victimization in children is a recognized public health concern in many countries worldwide. Specifically, studies have consistently demonstrated that bullying victimization is one of the indicators that most significantly and negatively influences the subjective well-being (SWB) of children. Following this assumption, a study was conducted to examine the impact of bullying victimization on subjective well-being among 75,877 students aged 10 and 12 years across 24 countries. Additionally, the moderating role of support from teachers and family members in the relationship between bullying victimization and subjective well-being was investigated using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The results show that, in many countries, there is an interaction effect of both family support and teacher support figures in both age groups (10 and 12 years). However, significant variability in these interaction effects was observed across countries, and in some countries, no moderating effect was detected. Specifically, in the 12-year-old group, a larger number of countries show no interaction effect from any adult support figure in the relationship between bullying victimization and SWB. The findings are discussed with a focus on the buffering effects of both types of support, the variability observed across countries, and the practical implications of these results.
Lifestyle Habits, Problem Behaviors and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Goñi-Sarriés Adriana , Gutiérrez-Valencia Marta , Morata-Sampaio Leticia , Saiz-Fernández Luis C. , Leache-Alegría Leire , Sánchez-Villegas Almudena
Published: February 2025

Some lifestyle habits and problematic behaviors have been associated to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents in cross-sectional studies but their role as individual risk factors needs to be analyzed through proper longitudinal designs. The objective is to analyze and summarize the evidence on the association of lifestyle habits and problem behaviors with NSSI in adolescents. Longitudinal studies were searched in Medline, Embase and APA PsycInfo without date or language restrictions. Adolescents with and without exposure factors were compared. Out of 5295 identified records, 13 longitudinal studies were included (39,575 participants). Studies included different age ranges (10–20 years, mean 14.3, SD 2.4), and 78% were female. Results showed a statistically significant increased risk of NSSI with regular smoking, alcohol use, early cannabis use, and poor physical activity. Inconsistent results were found for use of technology and sleep habits, and no studies analyzed dietary habits or gambling. Most studies were of moderate or high quality but certainty of the evidence was very low according to GRADE criteria. Longitudinal evidence suggests that some lifestyle habits and problem behaviors are risk factors for NSSI in adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of developing strategies to promote healthy lifestyles in adolescents.
Chinweizu’s Vision: Unveiling the Complexities of Pan-Africanism and African Sovereignty
Authors: Atimniraye Nyelade Richard
Published: February 2025

The paper critically revisits Chinweizu’s contributions to Pan-Africanism and African sovereignty, focusing on his analysis of Arab and Western imperialism, internal complicity, and the concept of “culturecide.” His call for a distinct Black African identity is explored as a foundation for reclaiming sovereignty, while also addressing critiques of nativism and essentialism. A nuanced approach to decolonization is proposed, emphasizing its relevance in today’s globalized world. Chinweizu’s ideas challenge a rethinking of the intersections between history, culture, and power in the ongoing quest for African autonomy.
Latine Aspirational Status and Support for the January 6 Insurrection
Authors: Ocampo Angela X. , Ocampo-Roland Angie N. , Uribe Laura
Published: February 2025

Henry “Enrique” Tarrio—the former Afro-Latino leader of the Proud Boys, a right-wing extremist group—positioned himself as a prominent leader of the January 6 insurrection. Our current understanding of Latine politics, and ethnoracial politics more broadly, would call this a striking paradox. Tarrio’s views highlight that Latines’ view of their place in the ethnoracial hierarchy can vary. We argue that an understudied phenomenon, aspirational status, particularly on ethno-cultural and socioeconomic dimensions, can help us understand variation in Latines’ attitudes and behaviors. While some Latines may adopt a minoritized status and align themselves closer to ethnoracial minorities, others may align themselves closer to whites. We explore how these forms of aspirational status, as well as racial resentment, impact Latines’ political attitudes toward the January 6 insurrection. Using the 2020 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (CMPS), we find that Latines who aspire to a higher ethno-cultural status that approximates whiteness, as well as those who aspire to a higher socioeconomic status and who distance themselves from Black Americans, are more likely to be supportive of the insurrection. This paper contributes to the overall understanding of the heterogeneity of Latine political attitudes and illustrates the role of status in shaping political attitudes among Latines.
Domination vs. Persuasion: The Role of Libido Dominandi in Adam Smith’s Thought
Authors: Santori Paolo
Published: February 2025

Adam Smith argued that human beings naturally desire to dominate others and that they enjoy it. He showed how ancient masters, landlords, and economic actors in some eighteenth-century English and colonial markets were driven by their love of domination against their own economic interests. Recent scholarship argues that to fully understand the role libido dominandi plays in Smith’s thought, love of domination should be associated with the broader concept of vanity and esteem-seeking. This article challenges that interpretation, showing that, for Smith, the love of domination has nothing to do with the love of praise but that most of the pleasure people derive from it is to see their ends promoted by others without the need to persuade them about the utility of those ends. This understanding locates the love of domination outside commercial society where, under certain socio-economic circumstances, mutual persuasion among individuals is the rule.
A NONPARAMETRIC TEST FOR INSTANTANEOUS CAUSALITY WITH TIME-VARYING VARIANCES
Authors: Wu Jilin , Wu Ruike , Xiao Zhijie
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a consistent nonparametric test with good sampling properties to detect instantaneous causality between vector autoregressive (VAR) variables with time-varying variances. The new test takes the form of the U-statistic, and has a limiting standard normal distribution under the null. We further show that the test is consistent against any fixed alternatives, and has nontrivial asymptotic power against a class of local alternatives with a rate slower than

$T^{-1/2}$

. We also propose a wild bootstrap procedure to better approximate the finite sample null distribution of the test statistic. Monte Carlo experiments are conducted to highlight the merits of the proposed test relative to other popular tests in finite samples. Finally, we apply the new test to investigate the instantaneous causality relationship between money supply and inflation rates in the USA.
The connectedness of Sierpiński sponges with rotational and reflectional components and associated graph-directed systems
Authors: RUAN HUO-JUN , XIAO JIAN-CI
Published: February 2025

We provide two methods to characterise the connectedness of all d-dimensional generalised Sierpiński sponges whose corresponding iterated function systems (IFSs) are allowed to have rotational and reflectional components. Our approach is to reduce it to an intersection problem between the coordinates of graph-directed attractors. More precisely, let

$(K_1,\ldots,K_n)$

be a Cantor-type graph-directed attractor in

${\mathbb {R}}^d$

. By creating an auxiliary graph, we provide an effective criterion for whether

$K_i\cap K_j$

is empty for every pair of

$1\leq i,j\leq n$

. Moreover, the emptiness can be checked by examining only a finite number of geometric approximations of the attractor. The approach is also applicable to more general graph-directed systems.
Das Bild vom Kind pädagogischer Fachkräfte
Authors: Kähler Samuel
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung: Obwohl das Bild vom Kind pädagogischer Fachkräfte im Kontext frühpädagogischer Diskurse immer wieder als relevant markiert wird, finden sich kaum empirische Arbeiten in diesem Zusammenhang. An diesem Desiderat ansetzend widmet sich die vorliegende Studie dem Bild vom Kind pädagogischer Fachkräfte der Kindertagesbetreuung. Ausgehend von einer praxeologischen Gegenstandskonstruktion, teilnarrativen Interviews und einem qualitativ-rekonstruktiven Interpretationszugang wird das Bild vom Kind akteursbezogen bearbeitet.
Pacific Controls the Co‐Occurrence of Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole and the Following Summer Tropical Indian Ocean Basin‐Wide Warming
Authors: Tang Shaolei , Luo Jing‐Jia , Zhang Zhiyuan
Published: February 2025

The extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) in 2019 was followed by tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) basin‐wide warming in summer 2020, which contributed to severe flooding in the Yangtze River basin. Here, the potential relationship between extreme pIOD and subsequent summer TIO basin‐wide warming is explored using observations and model outputs, revealing that this sequential co‐occurrence is significantly influenced by Pacific SST conditions. Extreme pIODs that coincide with El Niño tend to be followed by TIO basin‐wide warming, whereas those cooccurring with neutral or La Niña conditions are comparatively less likely to do so. This is because El Niño can trigger anomalous anticyclone over the southeastern TIO, thereby maintaining and reinforcing the extreme pIOD‐related warm SST anomalies over the southwestern TIO, which subsequently induces SST warming over the northern TIO in summer. Our findings highlight the important modulation role of Pacific SST conditions, with significant implications for regional climate predictions.
Increasing Large Precipitation Events and Low Available Water Holding Capacity Create the Conditions for Dry Land‐Atmosphere Feedbacks in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Jurado Samuel , Matthes Jackie
Published: February 2025

As a warmer climate enables an increase in atmospheric humidity, extreme precipitation events have become more frequent in the Northeastern United States. Understanding the impact of evolving precipitation patterns is critical to understanding water cycling in temperate forests and moisture coupling between the atmosphere and land surface. Although the role of soil moisture in evapotranspiration has been extensively studied, few have analyzed the role of soil texture in determining ecosystem‐atmosphere feedbacks. In this study, we utilized long term data associated with ecosystem water fluxes to deduce the strength of land‐atmosphere coupling at Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, USA. We found a 1.5% increase in heavy precipitation contribution per decade where high‐intensity events compose upwards of 42% of total yearly precipitation in 2023. Intensifying precipitation trends were found in conjunction with a long‐term soil drying at the Harvard Forest despite no significant increase in evapotranspiration over 32 years. This suggests that soil water holding capacity is a key mediating variable controlling the supply of water to ecosystems and the atmosphere. We found that these land surface changes directly impacted the lifted condensation level (LCL) height over Harvard Forest which was found to be increasing at a rate of 6.62 m per year while atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) heights have fallen at a modest rate of 1.76 m per year. This has amplified dry feedbacks between the land surface and the atmosphere such that 80% of observed summers ending in a water deficit also had an anomalously low soil water content in the spring.
Systemic HER3 ligand-mimicking nanobioparticles enter the brain and reduce intracranial tumour growth
Authors: Alonso-Valenteen Felix , Mikhael Simoun , Wang HongQiang , Sims Jessica , Taguiam Michael , Teh James , Sances Sam , Wong Michelle , Miao Tianxin , Srinivas Dustin , Gonzalez-Almeyda Nelyda , Cho Ryan H. , Sanchez Romny , Nguyenle Kimngan , Serrano Erik , Ondatje Briana , Benhaghnazar Rebecca L. , Gray Harry B. , Gross Zeev , Yu John , Svendsen Clive N. , Abrol Ravinder , Medina-Kauwe Lali K.
Published: February 2025

Crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reaching intracranial tumours is a clinical challenge for current targeted interventions including antibody-based therapies, contributing to poor patient outcomes. Increased cell surface density of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is associated with a growing number of metastatic tumour types and is observed on tumour cells that acquire resistance to a growing number of clinical targeted therapies. Here we describe the evaluation of HER3-homing nanobiological particles (nanobioparticles (NBPs)) on such tumours in preclinical models and our discovery that systemic NBPs could be found in the brain even in the absence of such tumours. Our subsequent studies described here show that HER3 is prominently associated with both mouse and human brain endothelium and with extravasation of systemic NBPs in mice and in human-derived BBB chips in contrast to non-targeted agents. In mice, systemically delivered NBPs carrying tumoricidal agents reduced the growth of intracranial triple-negative breast cancer cells, which also express HER3, with improved therapeutic profile compared to current therapies and compared to agents using traditional BBB transport routes. As HER3 associates with a growing number of metastatic tumours, the NBPs described here may offer targeted efficacy especially when such tumours localize to the brain.
Exploring the efficiency of chemically activated palm frond carbon in heavy metal adsorption a modeling approach
Authors: Hammad W. A. , Darweesh M. A. , Eweida Basant , Amr M. H. A. , Bakr Ahmed
Published: February 2025

The industry’s unregulated discharge of unprocessed trash is a major contributor to environmental contamination. Drinking water contaminated by heavy metals is a serious environmental and public health problem. Cadmium (Cd (II)) is one heavy metal frequently found in wastewater. Adsorption is the most widely used method for treating water contaminated with heavy metals due to its great performance, affordability, and ease of use. This work examined the potential for heavy metal adsorption in palm fronds, a chemically treated agricultural waste, using H3PO4-derived activated Carbon (also known as chemically treated Carbon from palm fronds, or CTCPFs) for Cd(II) adsorption. Extensive batch tests investigated the effects of pH, initial metal concentration, dosage of CTCPFs, and contract duration on adsorption at room Temperature (25 ± 1 °C). Using BET techniques, the surface area and porosity of the sample were measured, and the surface morphology was examined using SEM. FT-IR and XRD measurements were made. After 90 min, 99.65% of the Cd (II) had been removed. Cd (II) was efficiently adsorbed by CTCPFs (> 99%) at pH = 5,C0 = 50 mg/l, CTCPFs dosage 1 g /250 ml at 45 ℃ and contact time 90 min. According to the findings, CTCPFs are a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly adsorbent that can treat heavy metal-contaminated industrial wastewater as impure water. They also show promise in removing Cd (II) under neutral conditions.
Disruption of functional network development in children with prenatal Zika virus exposure revealed by resting-state EEG
Authors: Omurtag Ahmet , Abdulbaki Samah , Thesen Thomas , Waechter Randall , Landon Barbara , Evans Roberta , Dlugos Dennis , Chari Geetha , LaBeaud A. Desiree , Hassan Yumna I. , Fernandes Michelle , Blackmon Karen
Published: February 2025

Children born to mothers infected by Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy are at increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes including microcephaly, epilepsy, and neurocognitive deficits, collectively known as Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome. To study the impact of ZIKV on infant brain development, we collected resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from 28 normocephalic ZIKV-exposed children and 16 socio-demographically similar but unexposed children at 23–27 months of age. We assessed group differences in frequency band power and brain synchrony, as well as the relationship between these metrics and age. A significant difference (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected) in Inter-Site Phase Coherence was observed: median Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.15 in unexposed children and 0.07 in ZIKV-exposed children. Results showed that functional brain networks in the unexposed group were developing rapidly, in part by strengthening distal high-frequency and weakening proximal lower frequency connectivity, presumably reflecting normal synaptic growth, myelination and pruning. These maturation patterns were attenuated in the ZIKV-exposed group, suggesting that ZIKV exposure may contribute to neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities that can be detected and quantified by resting-state EEG.
Assessment of biocompatibility for citric acid crosslinked starch elastomeric films in cell culture applications
Authors: Pooja N , Ahmed Nafisa Yeshmin , Mal Sib Sankar , Bharath Prasad A. S , Zhuo Guan-Yu , Noothalapati Hemanth , Managuli Vishwanath , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the synthesis of potato starch elastomers reinforced with silicon dioxide (SiO2) and citric acid as a crosslinking agent to enhance their mechanical and barrier properties. Surface morphology analysis using optical microscopy revealed that pure potato starch films had uneven surfaces. However, higher SiO2 concentrations increased roughness, while citric acid crosslinked films displayed smoother surfaces overall. Water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) indicated that native starch films were highly hydrophilic, while SiO2 incorporation and citric acid crosslinking significantly reduced WVTR of 17% (30% lower than native film), enhancing the barrier properties. Tensile strength testing revealed that citric acid crosslinking increased the tensile strength by 25%, while SiO2 further reinforced the films but decreased elasticity by 15%. SiO2 had little impact on degradation rates, while citric acid crosslinking delayed microbial growth, extending film longevity by 20%. Biocompatibility assays using SiHa, HT-29, and HEK 293 cell lines revealed that the films had varying degrees of cell confluency. Films with both SiO2 and citric acid showed improved confluency (20% higher) compared to films containing only SiO2. However, citric acid alone resulted in the highest confluency (95% viability), suggesting its significant role in biocompatibility. This eco-friendly approach demonstrates substantial advancements in film properties, offering potential applications in diverse biomedical industries.
UOx@HMnO2 Biozyme-Nanozyme Driven Electrochemical Platform for Specific Uric Acid Bioassays
Authors: He Chenlong , Liu Huawei , Yin Ming , Chen Jing , Huang Wensi , Zhou Han , Wu Shengming , Wang Yilong
Published: February 2025

Uric acid (UA) is a key end product of purine metabolism in the human body, and its abnormal level is associated with many diseases, so accurate monitoring is essential. Existing...
Rapid Biosensors of Antibiotics Based on Multiple Molecular Recognition Elements
Authors: Guo Feng , Chen Keren , Yang Jiaru , Wu Yifan , Cheng Jiageng , Yang Qian , Zhu Longjiao , li jun , Xu Wentao
Published: February 2025

The extensive use of antibiotics poses significant public health concerns, including the rise of drug-resistant bacteria and environmental pollution, underscoring the urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and specific antibiotic detection...
Molecular Dynamic simulation study on Hydrocarbon ladder polymer membranes for gas separation
Authors: Tian Wenxuan , Gong Lidong , Yu Chunyang , Zhou Yongfeng
Published: February 2025

To address global environmental challenges and support the transition of energy systems, the study of CO2 capture and separation is at the fore front of scientific research. Utilizing membsranes based...
Advancing super-resolution microscopy with metal complexes: functional imaging agents for nanoscale visualization
Authors: Yusoh Nur Aininie , Gill Martin R. , Tian Xiaohe
Published: February 2025

This review highlights recent advancements in the use of metal complexes as functional imaging agents for nanoscale imaging via super-resolution microscopy.
Alleviation of hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress by fruit extracts of different cultivars of the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L. and Cornus mas × Cornus officinalis) in rats with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Brodyak Iryna , Moroz Anna , Bernacka Karolina , Kucharska Alicja Z. , Sybirna Nataliia
Published: February 2025

Biological effects of fruit extracts from the different cultivars of cornelian cherry in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
Design, synthesis of 2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives as 17β-HSD10 inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: liu Xiaohan , zhou bin , Chen Yan , lin Jinyuan , shao Chenwen , Chen Liuzeng , Ruan Banfeng , zhang xingxing , Qian Yong
Published: February 2025

It has been reported that 17β-HSD10 plays a key role in Alzheimer's Disease. Here, a total of 44 2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel 17β-HSD10 inhibitors based on...
Rational synthesis of carbon-rich hollow carbon nitride spheres for photocatalytic H2O2 production and Cr (VI) reduction
Authors: hu yong hu , Yang Zhengchun , Zheng Dandan , Xing Wandong , Zhang Guigang
Published: February 2025

Hollow carbon nitride sphere with well-designed architecture and excellent optical properties serves as promising polymer for solar fuel production. In this study, carbon-rich hollow nanosphere carbon nitride was rationally designed...
PX-MDsim: a rapid and efficient platform for large-scale construction of polyamide membranes via automated molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Peng Yiran , Zhang Chi , Wu Ming , Bu Guangle , Fan Kai , Chen Xingren , Liang Lijun , Zhang Lin
Published: February 2025

We have developed an efficient automated platform to facilitate the construction of different simulated polyamide membranes, which has been validated in two example systems.
Construction of flexible paper-based sensor for label-free recognition of histamine in cow meat samples by conductive nano-silver ink: a new platform for the analysis of biogenic amines towards early diagnosis of meat spoil
Authors: Ebrahimi Rokhsareh , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Shadjou Nasrin
Published: February 2025

Biogenic amines are organic nitrogen compounds that play key roles in various biological processes and are produced through amino acid decarboxylation.
Quad-narrowband perfect absorption in near infrared for optical switching and sensing baesd on quasi-bound state in the continuum
Authors: Deng Yuanwen , Li Boxun , Zeng Lili , Wang Qiang , Ma Zhengchao , Fan Yang , Shao Zhengzheng , Deng Chaosheng
Published: February 2025

The absorption of light based on quasi-BICs is a significant factor influencing the performance of solar cells and photodetectors. Nevertheless, the development of multiple narrowband perfect absorbers remains a significant...
Maximizing thermoelectric performance in SnTe through strategic co-doping, nanostructuring, and topological insights
Authors: Ganesan Peramaiyan , Gantepogu Chandra Shekar , Duraisamy Sidharth , Wu Phillip , Huang Gwo-Tzong , Fakhri Muhammad Yusuf , Chen Kuei-Hsien , Chen Yang-Yuan , Wu Maw-Kuen
Published: February 2025

Illustrate the optimizations of the thermoelectric figure of merit for doped SnTe through various effects, including nanoprecipitates, surface states, and phonon scattering.
Leveraging Meta‐Learning for Enhanced False Data Injection Detection in Smart Grids: The ONF‐ML Approach
Authors: Pourshirazi Mohammadreza , Simab Mohsen , Mirzaee Alireza , Fani Bahador
Published: February 2025

While digitalization promotes grid management efficiency, it also makes power systems more vulnerable to a variety of anomalies, especially false data injection (FDI) anomalies. FDI intrusions pose a serious threat to the security of smart grids. The existing approaches, like machine learning, have certain limitations, which can be addressed by proposing the optimized neuro‐fuzzy meta‐learning (ONF‐ML) model. This model combines several machine learning classifiers serving as a two‐step optimization process including hyperparameter optimization for individual classifiers and simulated annealing for tuning neuro‐fuzzy parameters. Simulation results conducted on the IEEE 14‐bus system using MATPOWER demonstrate the superior performance of ONF‐ML in detecting FDI intrusions compared to baseline models, especially for subtle injections. In every bus, FDI intrusion has occurred and average performance metrics are considered. The results illustrate an average detection rate of 91.7% and 81.9% for intrusion samples and 99.9% and 99.8% for normal instances in cases of −3% and +3% occurrences, respectively. While baseline models illustrated critical performance degradation during robust analyses, this technique was remarkably stable, maintaining a detection rate of over 75%, outperforming the second‐best technique by up to 45% in worst‐case scenarios. By addressing real‐world challenges such as sensitivity to noise, inflexibility and incompetence in detecting subtle intruders, the ONF‐ML approach enables continuous learning from new data, ensuring adaptability to new threats. Taken together, these features make ONF‐ML a practical and scalable solution to overcome the limitations of traditional FDI detection techniques and provide a path to improved smart grid security.
Habitable Zone and Atmosphere Retention Distance (HaZARD)
Authors: Van Looveren Gwenaël , Boro Saikia Sudeshna , Herbort Oliver , Schleich Simon , Güdel Manuel , Johnstone Colin , Kislyakova Kristina
Published: February 2025

Context. Thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), observations of the secondary atmospheres of rocky planets have become possible. Of particular interest are rocky planets orbiting low-mass stars within the habitable zone (HZ). However, no thick secondary atmospheres have been found around Earth-sized planets to date. This leaves open the question of whether secondary atmospheres are rare around Earth-sized rocky exoplanets.

Aims. In this work, we determine the distance at which an Earth-sized planet orbiting a variety of stellar hosts could retain a CO2- or N2-dominated atmosphere and compare this atmospheric retention distance (ARD) with that of the liquid-water HZ.

Methods. We combined planetary atmosphere models with stellar evolution models. The atmospheric models produced by the thermochemical Kompot code allowed us to calculate the Jeans escape rates for different stellar masses, rotation rates, and ages. These loss rates allowed us to determine the closest distance a planet is likely to retain a CO2- or N2 -dominated atmosphere. Using stellar rotation evolution models, we modelled how these retention distances evolve as the X-ray and ultraviolet activity of the star evolves.

Results. We find that the overlap of the HZ and the ARD occurs earlier around slowly rotating stars. Additionally, we find that HZ planets orbiting stars with masses under 0.4 M⊙ are unlikely to retain any atmosphere, due to the lower spin-down rate of these fully convective stars. We also show that the initial rotation rate of the star can impact the likelihood of a planet retaining an atmosphere, as an initially fast-rotating star maintains high levels of short-wavelength irradiance for much longer.

Conclusions. The orbits of all Earth-like rocky exoplanets observed by JWST in cycles 1 and 2, including HZ planets, fall outside the ARD. Our results will have implications for future target selections of small exoplanet observing programmes with JWST or future instruments such as the Ariel space mission.
Deterministic Mean Field Games with jumps and mixed variational structure
Authors: Dumas Annette , Santambrogio Filippo
Published: February 2025

We consider Mean field Game problems where the agents have an individual cost composed of an action penalizing their motion and a running cost depending on the density of all players. This running cost involves two parts: one which is variational but possibly non-smooth (typically, a local cost of the form $f'(\rho(x))$) and one which is smooth but non-variational. We consider both the case where the action is of kinetic energy type (integral of a power of the velocity), and the case where it counts the number of jumps of the curve. We provide an existence result of a ``formal'' equilibrium by Kakutani fixed point. We then rigorously prove that optimizers of this variational problem areconcentrated on optimal  curves for an individual problem, both in the kinetic and in the jumps case. We then prove that the opimization among measures on curves can be reduced to a minimization among curves of measures (the Eulerian framework) and that the solution of the variational problem expressed in Eulerian language depends in a Lipschitz continuous way on the data. Under smallness assumptions, the equilibrium can be found by Banach fixed point. This allows for efficient numerical computations, based on non-smooth convex optimization algorithms.
Urban Gardens and Plant Physiology: Green Infrastructure and Urban Sustainability
Authors: Zeng Yuchen
Published: February 2025

The balance between supply and demand of green infrastructure (GI) is of great significance for maintaining the stability of urban or regional ecosystems, improving the modernization level of territorial spatial governance system and governance capacity, and promoting high-quality urban development [1]. With the acceleration of urbanization, the importance of urban garden and plant physiology has become increasingly prominent. This study aims to explore the role of green infrastructure in urban sustainability and to analyze how plant physiology supports the development of urban gardens. Based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, this paper argues that green infrastructure is a key factor to achieve sustainable urban development, and the application of plant physiology can improve the ecological benefits and aesthetic value of urban gardens.
The Relationship Between Late Devonian Environmental Evolution and Organic Matter Enrichment
Authors: Ma Yingying
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the interplay between environmental evolution and organic matter (OM) accumulation during the Late Devonian, with a focus on the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) transition in the Lengshuijiang section, South China. By analyzing geochemical proxies such as Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Phosphorus/Aluminum (P/Al) ratios, Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), and Co/Ni ratios, we aim to elucidate the factors that controlled OM enrichment during this period. Our findings suggest that the processes driving OM accumulation, including primary productivity and preservation mechanisms, were closely linked to significant environmental changes. The data reveal that periods of high TOC coincided with anoxic or euxinic conditions, driven by global sea-level changes and oceanic stagnation, contributing to increased environmental stress and the F-F mass extinction. Additionally, fluctuations in CIA values indicate alternating warm and humid to cooler, more arid climatic phases, which likely exacerbated environmental stress and disrupted marine ecosystems. This research highlights the interconnectedness of climate, ocean chemistry, and biological evolution during periods of significant environmental upheaval, offering valuable insights into the processes that drove one of Earth's most profound biotic crises.
Research on Testing Methods of Life Detection Equipment for Water-bearing Soil Disasters
Authors: Nan Yanyun , Yan Jin , Xie Shizhe
Published: February 2025

Aiming at the current water-bearing soil disaster life detection equipment testing research is relatively small, mainly relying on key components and equipment as a whole of the factory test, the lack of standardised system testing problems, this paper designs the water-bearing soil disaster life detection equipment comprehensive performance testing methods and testing process. We combine the equipment with the actual application scenarios, analyse the equipment testing requirements, determine the equipment testing content and testing methods, and establish a standardised testing process. The establishment of standardised test methods is of great importance in assessing the overall capability of the equipment and improving its effectiveness and reliability in complex disaster environments.
Research and Characteristic Analysis of Ocean Wave Simulation in Jiangsu Coast
Authors: Liang Xiaohong , Xiao Wenjun
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the wave disaster data of Jiangsu Province from 2003 to 2022 is used to analyze the disaster situation, and the third generation wave model SWAN is used to simulate the wave characteristics of Jiangsu sea area. The research and analysis results of wave disaster characteristics of Jiangsu Sea area show that: The whole coastal area of Jiangsu is mainly dominated by northeast and southeast wave, and the large wave occurs from August to September, and the distribution of large wave has obvious seasonal and regional differences.
Research on Regional Traffic Simulation Analysis and Traffic Capacity Improvement Technology Under the Background of Urban Renewal
Authors: Wang Liang , Shang Anfan , Feng Yang , Fu Hao , Gao Ziqi
Published: February 2025

With the continuous advancement of urban renewal, existing road resources are difficult to meet new transportation needs. In order to alleviate various traffic problems arising from urban renewal, this article starts from macro and micro perspectives, based on macroscopic fundamental diagram theory and urban traffic microcirculation theory, and studies an innovative macro traffic control strategy and micro traffic organization method for urban renewal areas. The evaluation is conducted through VISSIM dynamic traffic simulation. This article takes the Xiaozhai commercial district in Xi'an as a case study to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the macro region boundary control algorithm based on the macroscopic fundamental diagram can always maintain the cumulative number of vehicles in the region around the optimal number of vehicles. Meanwhile, the micro traffic organization method based on the concept of microcirculation can effectively utilize road resources for diversion, significantly improving the service level of intersections and roads in the control area. The average operating delay of vehicles in the road network is reduced by 13.29%, the queue length at intersections is reduced by 19.20%, and the efficiency of regional traffic operation is effectively improved. This study ultimately developed a practical, portable, and promotable urban renewal area traffic governance method system, which has significant industry, social, and economic benefits.
Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factor Analysis of Parcel Lockers in London
Authors: Kang Xinwei
Published: February 2025

When carriers deliver goods to customers, last-mile delivery is one of the supply chain’s most costly and environmentally damaging components [1]. In recent years, a growing number of scholars have investigated parcel lockers as a solution to the problems of last-mile delivery [2]. The goal of this work is to satisfy urban consumers’ demand for online shopping while lowering CO2 emissions. However, few studies have focused on the parcel locker itself. Therefore, for the first time, this paper introduces clustering methods into the study of last-mile delivery on parcel lockers; moreover, it builds a methodology to analyse the spatial distribution of parcel lockers and identifies parcel locker clustering based on the DBSCAN algorithm. This study employs Ordinary Least Squares Regression and Geographically Weighted Regression models with data on the socioeconomic, built environment and public transportation to quantify the relationship between the degree of parcel locker clustering in London and these factors at the global and local levels. The study’s findings indicate that parcel lockers are spatially clustered in London, with a significant degree of clustering in central London. Fufrthermore, the degree of parcel locker clustering is affected by population density, restaurant density, supermarket density, underground station density and bus stop density. However, the influence of these factors on the degree of parcel locker clustering at different sites is varied. Based on this, we propose that the government and businesses collaborate to establish various renovation projects and strategies for various MSOAs to improve the spatial distribution of parcel lockers, helping London achieve its goal of becoming a zero-carbon city by 2050.
Photovoltaic Potential of Elevated Metro Stations: A Case Study of Shanghai, China
Authors: Mao Hui , Zhang Lina , Zhang Gaijing
Published: February 2025

As an essential part of urban development, the urban rail transit sector has seen rapid growth in recent years. In alignment with energy-saving and carbon reduction goals, improving energy efficiency in this sector is critical. Elevated metro stations, situated above urban roads with minimal obstructions, present an ideal opportunity for photovoltaic integration. This study investigates the PV potential of Shanghai’s elevated stations through field investigation, numerical simulations and case studies. Taking Shanghai Rail Transit Line 17 as an case study, the photovoltaic application potential of the roof and facade of the elevated station is estimated, the results indicate an annual PV generation of 3.6 million kWh, potentially meeting over 30% of the stations' energy demand.
Substitution Efficiency Test of CH3127I Photoelectric Method for Traditional Radioactive CH3131I Method
Authors: Tian Yao , Fan Sijun , Yin Weiye , Zhou Shuai , Li Zhaojie , Yang Shuai , Wang Chen
Published: February 2025

Iodine adsorber is a purification and adsorption functional unit for possible radioactive iodine in the ventilation system of nuclear power plant. In order to ensure its functional availability, the adsorption performance efficiency test should be conducted every year. At present, the mainstream tracer used in the test is CH3131I and no unmanned automation has been realized, which has the risk of radioactive contamination to the test personnel and the environment. In order to realize the safety of the test in essence, this paper attempts to use non-radioactive CH3127I, which has almost the same physical and chemical properties as CH3131I, as the test tracer to replace the iodine efficiency test of the iodine adsorber. A large number of test data are compared to explore the result gap between the two tracers and the test method. Finally, the feasibility of CH3127I photoelectric method in iodine efficiency test was verified.
Evaluating Urban Ecological Livability Based on the Coupling Coordination Degree Model: A Case Study of Guangzhou
Authors: Huang Shan , Wang Baoqiang
Published: February 2025

The construction of an ecologically livable city has emerged as a crucial objective in Guangzhou's “14th Five-Year Plan” and the vision for 2035. This paper establishes an evaluation index system for urban ecological livability, encompassing five dimensions: economy, society, technology, environment, and nature. It employs the TOPSIS analysis method and a coupling coordination model to conduct a trend analysis of the evaluation values and coupling coordination degrees of these five systems in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2023. The findings indicate: (1) the overall ecological livability of Guangzhou shows a positive trend, with a relatively favorable development level; however, the progress of each system is constrained by various factors. (2) Since 2015, the coupling degree of the five systems has gradually increased, maintaining a good state since 2017. The calculations of coordination degree reveal a steady rise in the overall system's coupling coordination. This study enhances the index system for ecologically livable cities and offers policy recommendations to strengthen urban ecological livability, thereby providing valuable guidance for promoting sustainable urban development and the construction of ecologically livable cities.
Strategy and Practice of Artistic Transformation of Discarded Teaching Facilities in the University
Authors: Shi Mingqi , Shi Jiayi , Cheng Wei
Published: February 2025

The university is not only crucial for talent cultivation but also plays a significant role in resource recycling. Recycling waste resources in universities has a positive effect on building a sustainable campus and promotes educational activities' development in a more sustainable and innovative direction. Against this background, our case study is based on renovating the public space in the teaching building of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China. Firstly, we investigate the current situation of used teaching facilities in the university and carry out sorting statistics. Secondly, based on the theory of material aesthetics and value regeneration, we explore the possibility of recycling waste materials in college and achieve the value of recycling. Finally, the project is a space design study in the form of artistic transformation and proposes a strategy for redesigning used teaching facilities in the university.
Jiading New City Green Ecological Urban Planning and Practice — A Case Study of Yuanxiang Lake Central Activity Zone
Authors: Yang Guoshu , Pan Hongyan , Sun Hua
Published: February 2025

The “14th Five-Year Plan” represents a critical window for the green and low-carbon transition. Jiading New City, characterized by its pioneering role as a “Low-Carbon Urban Area Leader,” focuses on advancing the development of a green ecological urban district and explores the construction of a livable, green, and low-carbon new city. This paper takes the Yuanxiang Lake Central Activity Zone as the subject, elaborating on the green ecological positioning, green ecological indicator system, planning strategies, and the implementation safeguard system. It innovatively proposes the planning and design scheme of a “Green Gene Chain” to activate the Yuanxiang Lake Central Activity Zone, establishing it as a model for the green ecological urban district of Jiading New City and providing a reference for the green ecological planning and construction of other new citys.
Urban Waterfront Space in Macao: Distribution Characteristics, Existing Problems and Design Strategies
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Yue Qi , Sang Xinchun , Zhang Xiangguo
Published: February 2025

As a new urban culture emerged, waterfront spaces underwent a historic transformation in terms of humanistic aspects, functionality, and spatiality by shifting their primary functions to include leisure tourism, landscape effects, ecological services among others. By combining Macao's unique developmental history with its environmental topography, a distinctive coastal cityscape belonging to Macao has been created. Through extensive field investigations, the fundamental distribution characteristics of waterfront spaces in Macao have been comprehensively summarized. Furthermore, this study examines the prevailing issues and challenges associated with Macao’s urban waterfront space resulting from extensive land reclamation, such as the repercussions on the natural ecological environment, the reinforced susceptibility to ecological catastrophes and the reconfiguration of urban waterfront spatial structure. At last, based on the case studies and public participation, the present study proposes countermeasures and strategies for the design of waterfront spaces in Macao, with the objective of creating urban waterfront areas that are environmentally safe, resilient to climate change, ecologically friendly, convenient, and possess a sense of historical significance and composite attributes.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Committees and Corporate ESG Information Disclosure: From the Perspective of Organizational Information Processing
Authors: Yang Hang
Published: February 2025

Based on the organizational information pro- cessing theory, this paper examines the impact and mech- anisms of ESG committees on the level of corporate ESG information disclosure using a sample of Chinese A+H share listed companies from 2016 to 2022. The study finds that establishing an ESG committee significantly improves the level of corporate ESG information disclosure. ESG commit- tees enhance corporate information processing capabilities through three aspects: improving ESG governance structure, increasing board and management attention to ESG informa- tion, and attracting external stakeholders’ attention. These improvements contribute to higher levels of ESG information disclosure. Moderation tests show that in companies with higher internationalization, intense industry competition, and high economic policy uncertainty, the increased information processing task encourages more proactive ESG committee activities, thereby significantly improving ESG information disclosure levels.