bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imágenes de la conquista de México en los códices del siglo XVI. Una lectura de su contenido simbólico
Authors: Magaloni Kerpel Diana
Published: October 2016

En el presente trabajo presento y comparo dos estrategias narrativas de las imágenes de la conquista en los anales indígenas del siglo xvi. La primera corresponde a la tradición tlacuilloli (la acción de pintar) más apegada a la forma tradicional de escribir mediante pictografías ligadas a fechas calendáricas. En este sentido analizo las pictografías del Códice Aubin y la Tira de Tepechpan. La segunda, que he denominado “los nuevos tlacuiloque” (plural de tlacuilo, pintor-escritor), evidencia una nueva estrategia simbólica y plástica, en la que el estilo pictórico occidental y los símbolos cristianos son introducidos en los textos visuales de la conquista, creando en definitiva una nueva escritura icónica. Esta nueva tradición es evidente en la historia de la conquista de México escrita y pintada para el libro XII del Códice Florentino y en las imágenes de la conquista en la Historia de las Indias de la Nueva España de fray Diego Durán. En ambas expresiones, sin embargo, subyacen las mismas unidades temáticas o categorías, así como la manera de entender la escritura en imágenes. Los pintores indígenas, a través de textos visuales que representan hechos sustanciales (icónicos) de este importante suceso, conciben la conquista de México como el momento de la alternancia de ciclos temporales (eras cósmicas). Las pictografías establecen un paralelismo cíclico entre la era tolteca, la mexica y la cristiana, para proponer que la llegada de los españoles representa la fundación de una nueva era en Mesoamérica concordante con la historia cíclica indígena.
La infortunada recepción de un emblema en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Moreno Silva Desirée
Published: October 2016

Elementos de la filosofía moral neoestoica, plasmados a través del emblema, tuvieron una gran influencia en la cultura de la Nueva España aún en una época tan tardía como mediados del siglo xviii. La difusión de estas ideas se ha rastreado en diferentes elementos del mobiliario doméstico, principalmente en los biombos. En este artículo se presenta otro espacio utilizado para exponer este tipo de reflexiones moralizantes: el cielo raso de una vinatería. La investigación se basa en una denuncia realizada al Santo Oficio de la Inquisición y se interesa por el análisis, lectura y recepción de un mensaje emblemático.
La revista Dyn (1942-1944). Sus principales contenidos
Authors: Pascual Gay Juan , Rolland Philippe
Published: October 2016

La revista Dyn (1942-1944) fue una publicación que el artista austriaco Wolfgang Paalen editó en México, pero que distribuía en Londres y Nueva York. Se trata de una revista que aglutinó en sus páginas lo más granado de un surrealismo disidente, alejado de los dogmas de este movimiento impuestos por Breton. Dyn es un experimento de aliento surrealista que nace como consecuencia de la Exposición Internacional del Surrealismo que tuvo lugar en la ciudad de México en 1940. El artículo quiere dar cuenta del contexto en el que aparecen los artículos y las ilustraciones de la publicación, así como los intereses de los colaboradores en relación con el arte moderno, surrealista y amerindio desplegados a lo largo de sus seis números.
Tzompantli, horca y picota. Sacrificio o pena capital
Authors: Carreón Blaine Emilie
Published: October 2016

En este artículo me refiero a una faceta del proceso de aculturación del México antiguo, la manifestación pública de violencia corporal ligada al castigo, la pena de muerte y la exposición de partes del cuerpo humano, como se representa en los mapas de las Relaciones geográficas del siglo XVI, donde la frontera entre el lugar de castigo y el lugar de sacrificio se desvanece. El estudio de dicho aspecto de la sociedad colonial permite entender el proceso mediante el cual las prácticas sacrificiales indígenas se han malinterpretado, cuando los conceptos divergentes de castigo y tortura de cada grupo se pasan por alto.
El retablo de Xaltocán, las imágenes de Jerónimo Nadal y la monja de Ágreda
Authors: Robin Alena
Published: October 2016

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo llamar la atención sobre un importante conjunto de pinturas novohispanas de temática pasionaria cuya fuente la constituyen los grabados de la obra del jesuita Jerónimo Nadal (1507-1580) y proponer una hipótesis en cuanto a su circulación. Muchas de estas composiciones forman parte de una serie narrativa, pero el retablo lateral de la parroquia de Nuestra Señora de los Dolores de Xaltocán es el único caso donde se establece un ciclo narrativo completo a partir de las Imágenes de Nadal. En cada uno de estos ejemplos se aprovecha de manera diferente la estampa utilizada, por lo que también se quiere examinar cómo el pintor anónimo de Xaltocán seleccionó y transformó los grabados consultados.
Arte rupestre y paisaje simbólico mesoamericano en el norte de Durango
Authors: Berrojalbiz Fernando
Published: October 2016

En este trabajo se estudia el arte rupestre como uno de los principales ejes de la conformación del paisaje simbólico del valle del alto río Ramos en el norte de Durango, por la cultura chalchihuiteña, alrededor del año 1000 de la era. Se analiza cómo este paisaje simbólico corresponde plenamente a la tradición mesoamericana, participando de muchos de sus simbolismos. Destaca la constatación de un culto a los cerros y de la plasmación de una concepción dual del universo similar a la de las culturas del centro de México en el Posclásico. Se reflexiona sobre los aportes norteños chalchihuiteños al simbolismo religioso mesoamericano del Posclásico.
Los inicios de la litografía en México: el periodo oscuro (1827-1837)
Authors: Aguilar Ochoa Arturo
Published: October 2016

A partir de una revisión acuciosa en archivos, colecciones públicas y particulares que conservan litografías, periódicos y otras fuentes primarias, el autor redescubre el panorama de los primeros años de la litografía en México, que van, según el mismo autor, de 1827 (año en que salió Claudio Linati del país), hasta 1837, cuando empieza el primer auge de esta técnica con la aparición de diversas publicaciones que demandan el trabajo de los litógrafos como el Mosaico Mexicano, editado por Ignacio Cumplido. Contradiciendo la tradicional idea de que en este periodo no se hizo nada, o casi nada en litografía, Arturo Aguilar repasa los primeros trabajos para los litógrafos mexicanos en este llamado “periodo oscuro”. Es a través de talleres como los de Rocha y Fournier, donde los artistas mexicanos empezaron a descubrir sus capacidades en esta nueva técnica.
La ciudad posrevolucionaria en tres planos
Authors: Escudero Alejandrina
Published: October 2016

Este artículo revisa tres tipos de planos de la ciudad de México y el Distrito Federal (al que pertenecen las áreas centrales de la ciudad de México) realizados entre 1929 y 1932: los planos catastrales incluidos en el Atlas general del Distrito Federal editado por el Departamento del Distrito Federal; un mapa artístico pintado por Emily Edwards y patrocinado por las compañías de Tranvías y de Luz y Fuerza Motriz, y un plano regulador trazado por el urbanista Carlos Contreras. Aquí se reflexiona sobre los tipos de planos, sus autores, sus patrocinadores, la difusión que alcanzan y la forma en que representan el espacio urbano.
Juan Caballero y Ocio, patrono y benefactor de obras religiosas
Authors: Montoya Rivero María Cristina
Published: October 2016

Juan Caballero y Ocio (1644-1707), presbítero originario de Querétaro, estudió en el Colegio Máximo de San Pedro y San Pablo y en la Universidad de México. Su desahogada posición económica, proveniente de la cría de ganado, le permitió dedicar una buena parte de sus recursos a las obras pías y a patrocinar o apoyar la construcción de templos y conventos, especialmente en su ciudad natal; él manifestó un interés particular por el bienestar del clero secular y por resolver algunas necesidades de la población de Querétaro, pero al mismo tiempo la ayuda que otorgó llegó a otros sitios del virreinato. Entre los motivos que lo impulsaron a ello estuvo el de continuar las obras en que sus antepasados habían intervenido. Al realizar tales tareas, Caballero participó en la propagación de ciertos cultos, se relacionó con los artistas y los artífices de su época y se mantuvo al tanto de las expresiones del arte de aquel entonces.
Los catálogos de piezas constructivas y ornamentales en arquitectura: artefactos modernos del siglo XIX y patrimonio del siglo XXI
Authors: Silva Contreras Mónica
Published: October 2016

Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, cuando ya habían madurado las experiencias en la fundición de piezas constructivas en hierro, aparecieron los primeros catálogos para la promoción y venta de objetos realizados con este material, con diversas escalas y funciones, incluyendo elementos arquitectónicos, mobiliario urbano y estatuaria. Mientras la representación del proyecto en la tradición académica internacionalizada pretendía enseñar cómo se vería el edificio terminado, en un tiempo en que se redefinía la relación entre la arquitectura como expresión artística y las posibilidades de la construcción moderna, los catálogos del siglo XIX mostraron una particular dependencia entre arte y técnica. Aunque presentaran los aspectos funcionales de sus productos —dimensiones y modos de instalación o combinación—, sólo podían persuadir a sus potenciales usuarios si se expresaban estéticamente convincentes, con la representación de formas artísticas tradicionales.
Todo emana de su persona, a imagen del soberano: reflexiones a partir de un retrato del virrey duque de Linares
Authors: Berndt León Mariscal Beatriz
Published: October 2016

La idea fundamental del presente artículo es contribuir a la reflexión sobre la imagen de corte político en la Nueva España, a partir de un retrato que el pintor Juan Rodríguez Juárez (1675-1728) realizó del virrey don Fernando de Alencastre Noroña y Silva, segundo duque de Linares (1661-1717). Entre los resultados de la investigación está el documentar que el lienzo procede del convento de San Sebastián de México, así como el localizar otras versiones pictóricas y testimonios escritos que describen al segundo duque de Linares como un hombre liberal, de manera que ofrecían en su época un ejemplo moralizador vinculado a la actividad política. Al difundir sus facultades como gobernante, sus cualidades éticas y sus tareas de patronazgo, la imagen novohispana tuvo un papel significativo al propagar ideas o valores referentes al virrey y la monarquía a la que servía.
Número 100 de Anales
Authors: González Mello Renato
Published: October 2016

...
El proceso constructivo del Sagrario Metropolitano de Guadalajara: la llegada de José Gutiérrez y el inicio de la arquitectura neoclásica en la ciudad
Authors: Camacho Enrique
Published: October 2016

Aunque los estudios sobre el edificio han venido relacionando las primeras noticias sobre la construcción del Sagrario con la figura del obispo Antonio Alcalde y Barriga en 1785, hubo con anterioridad un interés por construir un templo propio para el sagrario. La obra, que se inició en 1808 y no se concluyó hasta 1843, atravesó diversos momentos o etapas en la construcción. Si bien se conocen diferentes causas económicas y políticas que obligaron a paralizarla en varias ocasiones, se han ignorado otros motivos y noticias sobre la construcción y sus arquitectos que impidieron que la obra se realizara con mayor rapidez. Paralelamente al inicio de la obra, la llegada del arquitecto José Gutiérrez a Guadalajara significó un cambio en el ámbito de la arquitectura de la ciudad con la introducción de la nueva estética académica
Presentación
Authors: Editoras Las
Published: October 2016

.
Antecedentes iconográficos de la imagen de la Virgen de Guadalupe
Authors: Von Wobeser Gisela
Published: October 2016

La imagen de la Virgen de Guadalupe pertenece a un modelo iconográfico flamenco-alemán, que data de la Edad Media, y representa a la Virgen coronada, rodeada de una mandorla de luz, parada sobre una luna creciente. Algunos grabados correspondientes al modelo (entre 1400 y 1530) presentan similitudes formales con la mencionada imagen. Uno de ellos, La Virgen en la gloria, fechado hacia 1420, tiene gran similitud con la Guadalupana en el trazo, la postura corporal, la proporción de sus miembros, los rasgos de la cara y la vestimenta, de manera que puede haber sido la fuente utilizada por el pintor indígena que realizó la obra. Las variaciones que existen entre ambas imágenes probablemente se debieron a la adaptación que requirieron los emisores y receptores de la imagen.
ESCALA DE ROSENBERG EN POBLACIÓN DE ADULTOS MAYORES
Authors: De León Ricardi César Augusto , García Méndez Mirna
Published: October 2016

De los diferentes instrumentos que existen para medir la autoestima, la escala de Rosenberg ha demostrado ser un instrumento confi able y válido en diferentes etapas del desarrollo como la adolescencia y la adultez. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg en población de adultos mayores de la ciudad de México. La muestra no probabilística por conveniencia quedó conformada por 220 adultos mayores, con un rango de edad de 60 a 88 años (Medad= 68.8, DE = 6.8). Los resultados señalan que la escala posee un alfa de Cronbach total de .73, una varianza explicada del 52% y una adecuada estructura factorial. La escala de autoestima de Rosenberg cuenta con criterios psicométricos adecuados para medir autoestima en adultos mayores de la ciudad de México. En futuros estudios se recomienda realizar adaptaciones de la escala con muestras más amplias y representativas.
VALORES ORGANIZACIONALES: EVIDENCIAS DE VALIDEZ PARA UN INSTRUMENTO DE MEDIDA
Authors: Rueda Fabián J. M. , De Campos Maria Isabel
Published: October 2016

El objetivo fue buscar evidencias de validez para el Inventario de Valores Organizacionales (IVO) por medio de sus relaciones con otras variables. Se utilizaron la Escala de Satisfacción en el Trabajo (EST) y la Escala de Evaluación de la Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo (Escala-QVT). Participaron 213 personas, con edades entre 17 y 71 años, de ambos sexos y de diversos estados brasileños. La mayoría de los participantes (95,3%) tenían nivel superior incompleto, completo o postgrado. El tiempo de trabajo en la organización fue entre uno y 31 años y los niveles jerárquicos informados fueron desde la presidencia de la organización hasta posiciones no gerenciales. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas y estadísticamente signifi cativas entre todos los factores del IVO y todos los factores de la EST y de la Escala-QVT, con magnitudes oscilando entre bajas y moderadas, lo que puede ser considerado una evidencia de validez para los instrumentos, en especial para el IVO, enfoque de este estudio.
Performance of pigs kept under different sanitary conditions affected by protein intake and amino acid supplementation
Authors: van der Meer Y. , Lammers A. , Jansman A. J. M. , Rijnen M. M. J. A. , Hendriks W. H. , Gerrits W. J. J.
Published: October 2016

There is growing evidence that requirements for particular AA increase when pigs are kept under low sanitary conditions. The extent to which reduction in growth performance is related to these increased requirements is unclear. To evaluate this relationship, an experiment (2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement) was performed with 612 male pigs (9 per pen) kept under low sanitary conditions (LSC) or high sanitary conditions (HSC) and offered ad libitum access to either a normal CP concentration diet (NP; 17, 15, and 15% CP for the starter, grower, and finisher phase, respectively) or a low CP concentration diet (LP; 20% CP reduced relative to NP for each phase), each of which containing a basal AA profile (AA-B) or a supplemented AA profile (AA-S). The supplemented diet type contained 20% more Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys on an apparent ileal digestible basis compared with the basal diet type. Pigs were followed for a complete fattening period and slaughtered at a targeted pen weight of 110 kg. Haptoglobin concentrations in serum (0.92 g/L for LSC and 0.78 g/L for HSC) and IgG antibody titers against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (3.53 for LSC and 3.08 for HSC) collected in the starter, grower, and finisher phases and pleuritis scores at slaughter (0.51 for LSC and 0.20 for HSC) were greater for LSC pigs compared with HSC pigs (P ≤ 0.01), illustrating that sanitary conditions affected health conditions. The ADG and G:F were greater for HSC pigs compared with LSC pigs (P ≤ 0.01). The number of white blood cells (WBC) was higher in (AA-S)–fed pigs compared with (AA-B)–fed pigs when kept at LSC but not at HSC [SS (sanitary conditions) × AA interaction, P = 0.04]. Pigs fed NP had a lower number of WBC compared with pigs fed LP (P = 0.02). The number of platelets in pigs fed AA-S diets was higher compared with pigs fed AA-B diets (P ≤ 0.01). A 20% reduction in dietary supplementation of Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys decreased G:F more in LSC pigs than in HSC pigs (interaction, P = 0.03), illustrating that dietary requirements for these AA differ depending on sanitary conditions. This study, performed under practical conditions, shows that AA requirements are dependent on sanitary conditions. Furthermore, supplementation of diets with particular AA may improve performance, especially under poor hygienic conditions. Dietary protein concentration as well as Met, Thr, and Trp supplementation can modify immune status, which may influence resistance to subclinical and clinical diseases.
Prolonged colonisation with Escherichia coli O25:ST131 versus other extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli in a long-term care facility with high endemic level of rectal colonisation, the Netherlands, 2013 to 2014
Authors: Overdevest Ilse , Haverkate Manon , Veenemans Jacobien , Hendriks Yvonne , Verhulst Carlo , Mulders Ans , Couprie Willemijn , Bootsma Martin , Johnson James , Kluytmans Jan
Published: October 2016

The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli clone ST131 (ESBL-ST131) has spread in healthcare settings worldwide. The reasons for its successful spread are unknown, but might include more effective transmission and/or longer persistence. We evaluated the colonisation dynamics of ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-EC), including ESBL-ST131, in a long-term care facility (LTCF) with an unusually high prevalence of rectal ESBL-EC colonisation. During a 14-month period, rectal or faecal samples were obtained from 296 residents during six repetitive prevalence surveys, using ESBL-selective culture. Transmission rates, reproduction numbers, and durations of colonisation were compared for ESBL-ST131 vs other ESBL-EC. Furthermore, the likely time required for ESBL-ST131 to disappear from the LTCF was estimated. Over time, the endemic level of ESBL-ST131 remained elevated whereas other ESBL-EC returned to low-level prevalence, despite comparable transmission rates. Survival analysis showed a half-life of 13 months for ESBL-ST131 carriage, vs two to three months for other ESBL-EC (p < 0.001). Per-admission reproduction numbers were 0.66 for ESBL-ST131 vs 0.56 for other ESBL-EC, predicting a mean time of three to four years for ESBL-ST131 to disappear from the LTCF under current conditions. Transmission rates were comparable for ESBL-ST131 vs other ESBL-EC. Prolonged rectal carriage explained the persistence of ESBL-ST131 in the LTCF.
Performance Evaluation of Longitudinal Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete Closure Pour Connection for Use in Modular Bridge Construction: Pairwise Comparison of Capacity and Ductility at Failure Limit State
Authors: Deng Yaohua , Phares Brent M. , Putz Andrew J. , Carter Curtis , Nop Michael , Bierwagen Dean
Published: October 2016

Accelerated bridge construction techniques taking advantage of prefabricated bridge elements and high-performance materials are being used more frequently for bridge replacement projects. They result in minimal road closure times and traffic interruption and in the reconstruction of long-lasting highway bridges. Longitudinal closure pour connections are an important deck-level component for modular bridge elements that are heavily stressed by traffic loadings and environmental effects and whose durability is a concern. To address cracking and leakage issues in such connections, the strength and failure modes of the longitudinal ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) closure pour connection between adjacent prefabricated deck units were evaluated. First, specimens with and without a longitudinal UHPC closure pour connection were fabricated, instrumented, and tested. Finite element (FE) models were established to improve understanding of the behavior of the specimens under the loading condition. In addition, strut-and-tie models (STMs) were developed on the basis of FE model predictions to estimate the strength of the specimens. The jointed specimens were found not to have any cracks or leakage at the early stage but had lower cracking loads than did the jointless specimens. The strength and ductility of the jointed specimens were comparable with those of the jointless specimens. On the basis of the FE models and STMs, the ultimate strength of the specimens was accurately predicted.
Hillsborough River Bascule Bridge Vibration and Rehabilitation
Authors: Huang Dongzhou
Published: October 2016

Hillsborough River Bascule Bridge, located in Tampa, Florida, vibrates significantly under traffic loading, and discomforting noises have been reported, especially in recent years. The cause of such a significant vibration was investigated. The bridge is briefly described. Analytical theory is then presented, including the vehicle model, bridge model, road surface model, and numerical methods. A vehicle is simulated as a three-dimensional nonlinear model. The bridge is treated as a space structure consisting of three-dimensional frame elements. The road profile is modeled as a stationary Gaussian random process that is described by a power spectral density function. The free and forced vibration characteristics of the bridge were investigated with trucks traveling over a rough deck. The stiffness effects of the main girders, bracings, and floor beams were studied. Analytical results indicate that insufficient stiffness of lateral bracings and floor beams is a main factor causing the severe vibration. Some rehabilitation schemes for mitigating the severe vibration were investigated. The actual behaviors of the rehabilitated bridge indicate that research results were correct and applicable to bascule bridge design and rehabilitation.
Joint Detailing Between Double Tee Bridge Girders for Improved Serviceability and Strength
Authors: Wehbe Nadim , Konrad Michael , Breyfogle Aaron
Published: October 2016

Precast, prestressed double tee bridge girders are widely used for accelerated bridge construction on local roads in South Dakota. A common issue among double tee bridges in South Dakota is the rapid deterioration of longitudinal joints (shear keyways) between adjacent girders. Deteriorated joints allow moisture and deicing chemicals to reach the deck reinforcement, which leads to premature corrosion of reinforcing steel and spalling of concrete. The structural performance of conventional and proposed longitudinal joints between precast double tee bridge girders was examined experimentally under cyclic and monotonic loading. The proposed continuous joint with overlapping steel mesh reinforcement in a grouted shear keyway exhibited serviceability and strength performance characteristics substantially improved over those of the conventional grouted joint with discrete welded connections.
Assessment of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali–Silica Reaction and Freeze–Thaw by Use of Ultrasonic Surface Wave Method
Authors: Azari Hoda , Nazarian Soheil
Published: October 2016

Two of the most common causes of concrete degradation are alkali–silica reaction (ASR) and freeze–thaw (FT) cycling. ASR and FT may significantly reduce service life of concrete structures and can cause degradation in the mechanical properties of concrete, including its modulus of elasticity and its flexural strength. Cracking due to ASR and FT provides numerous open pathways for water and could cause premature failure of various concrete structures. The progression of damage due to ASR and FT was investigated by testing beams or cylindrical specimens cured under laboratory conditions or through conventional destructive methods, such as mechanical testing and petrography on the drilled cores. Coring is time-consuming and expensive, and the retrieved cores are representative of only a small portion of the structure. In some cases, extraction of cores is not feasible. The rapid in situ detection and quantification of the adverse impacts of ASR and FT are desirable. Nondestructive evaluation methods can supplant conventional destructive methods for that purpose. The relative and absolute applicability and usefulness of the ultrasonic surface wave (USW) method in characterizing the severity of cracking and surface defects in structures affected by ASR and FT were investigated. The results indicate that the USW method is an effective nondestructive evaluation method for characterizing ASR- and FT-induced damage and detecting cracked areas. The in situ modulus of elasticity measured by the USW method is correlated well with ASR and FT damage levels.
Empirical Evaluation of the Accuracy of Technologies for Measuring Average Speed in Real Time
Authors: Hargrove Stephanie R. , Lim Hyeonsup , Han Lee D. , Freeze Phillip Bradley
Published: October 2016

A federal mandate challenges states to acquire and to disseminate reliable travel time–speed information with limited sensor infrastructure and resources; the mandate also opens the opportunity to look beyond traditional sensor technologies. Some of these new and promising travel data technologies include various deployments and combinations of GPS, probe vehicles, cellular devices, Bluetooth devices, radio frequency identification, automated license plate recognition (LPR), and even social media. To take on this challenge, the objective of this study was to provide several key considerations for evaluation of travel speed data for general cases. The key items included obtaining reliable ground truth data, transforming and comparing data sets, and evaluating data accuracy. Along with the explanation of these considerations, the results of a case study are provided to help illuminate the issues. The case study, which was performed in the vicinity of downtown Nashville, Tennessee, along Interstate 40 and Interstate 65 evaluated real-time travel time–speed data from Bluetooth sensors, from probes supplied by two major vendors, and from remote traffic microwave sensors. These data were compared with ground truth data from an LPR-based vehicle tracking system as well as video footage collected simultaneously. The paper discusses the reliability of ground truth, the advantages and shortcomings of different technologies, the evaluation of data accuracy methodologies, and future research directions.
Mixture Models for Fitting Freeway Travel Time Distributions and Measuring Travel Time Reliability
Authors: Yang Shu , Wu Yao-Jan
Published: October 2016

Travel time reliability has attracted increasing attention in recent years and is often listed as a major roadway performance and service quality measure for traffic engineers and travelers. Measuring travel time reliability is the first step toward improving it, ensuring on-time arrivals, and reducing travel costs. Most measures of travel time reliability derive from continuous probability distributions and apply to traffic data directly. However, little previous research shows a consensus for selection of a probability distribution family for travel time reliability. Different probability distribution families could yield different values for the same measure of travel time reliability (e.g., standard deviation). The authors believe that specific selection of probability distribution families has few effects on measuring travel time reliability. Therefore, they proposed two hypotheses for accurately measuring travel time reliability and designed an experiment to prove the two hypotheses. The first hypothesis was proved by ( a) conducting the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and ( b) checking log likelihoods and the convergences of the corrected Akaike information criterion and of the Bayesian information criterion. The second hypothesis was proved by examining both moment- and percentile-based measures of travel time reliability. The results from testing the two hypotheses suggest that ( a) underfitting may cause disagreement in distribution selection, ( b) travel time can be precisely fitted by using mixture models with a higher value of K (regardless of distribution family), and ( c) measures of travel time reliability are insensitive to the selection of the distribution family. These findings allow researchers and practitioners to avoid testing of various distributions, and travel time reliability can be more accurately measured by using mixture models because of the higher values of log likelihoods.
Multimodal Data Fusion for Big Events
Authors: Papacharalampous Alexandros E. , Cats Oded , Lankhaar Jan-Willem , Daamen Winnie , van Lint Hans
Published: October 2016

Many of the transportation problems prevalent in urban areas culminate in large-scale events. Such events generate large multimodal flows that arrive and depart within short time intervals to constrained areas. Monitoring and managing big events pose a challenge for transport planners, operators, event organizers, and city officials. In this study, data concerning multimodal flows were collected and analyzed for a so-called triple event in Amsterdam, Netherlands, where more than 60,000 people visited the Amsterdam ArenA area. The collection and fusion of large and diverse data sets provided this study a unique opportunity to reconstruct, from incomplete data, the crowds’ arrival and departure times and estimate their modal-split patterns. Considerably different arrival and departure time patterns were observed for car and public transport users. Visitors using public transport arrived approximately 45 min before the start times of the events compared with 75 min for car users. The lag between the event end time and the departure time of public transport users was approximately 20 to 50 min, whereas a lag of 20 to 80 min was observed for departing cars. The factors that possibly underlie these differences are discussed as are the limitations in the analysis. The results of this study can support decisions about the allocation of parking lots and the scheduling of public transport services.
A Note on Comparing Rate of Soil Moisture Loss for Conventional and Conservation Tillage Production methods for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Hawkins G.L. , Kelton J. , Smith N. , Balkcom K.
Published: October 2016

Soil moisture retention is important for peanut production as well as water conservation in irrigated and non-irrigated fields. One way to increase soil moisture retention of the soil is by increasing soil organic matter. Research was conducted to determine if there is a difference in the rate of soil moisture loss in a field operated under a conservation production system (CPS) method and a conventionally tilled (CT) method, and if there was a time difference between needed wetting events. Experiments were conducted on two different fields with Tifton sandy loam soil. Soil moisture was monitored with Watermark sensors installed at 10, 20 and 30 cm depths. Data was analyzed to determine the rate of soil moisture loss when the soil was wet (below 50 kPa) and dry (above 80 kPa). The rate of soil moisture loss was not significant between CPS and CT when the soil was wet; however, there was a difference in the soil moisture loss rate when soils were dry. When dry, the CT soils lost moisture at a rate 2.5 times that of the CPS soils. This increased rate of loss indicates that water would need to be supplied to the CT soils every 1.5 d whereas the CPS soils would need water every 3.9 d. These results indicate that use of CPS increased the water holding capacity of soil, increased time required between wetting events, and can aid in the conservation of water resources in peanut production.
Quels mécanismes au cœur des organisations temporaires pulsatoires ?
Authors: Salaun Vincent , Fulconis François , Fabbe-Costes Nathalie
Published: October 2016

Nombreuses sont encore les questions qui demeurent sur le fonctionnement des structures en réseau qualifiées de temporaires, constituées le temps d’un projet parfois récurrent. Par l’étude d’un festival musical, l’article révèle les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans de telles organisations qui reposent toutes sur une logique de coopération. À partir d’une grille d’analyse élaborée autour du concept d’organisation temporaire pulsatoire (OTP), quatre mécanismes sont mis en exergue : coordination logistique, anticipation, construction modulaire et capitalisation de l’expérience (ou LAME).
Registration of ‘FL720’ Oat
Authors: Babar M. A. , Blount A. R. , Barnett R. R. , Mackowiak C. , Akond M. , Harrison S. A. , Johnson J. W. , Mergoum M. , Mason E. , Murphy P. , Ibrahim A. M. H. , Sutton R. , Simoneaux B.
Published: October 2016

FL720 (Reg. No. CV‐380, PI 678418), a facultative‐type forage oat (Avena sativa L.), was co‐developed by the University of Florida and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and was released in 2014. FL720 was tested under the experimental designation FL0720‐R6. This line was derived from the three‐way cross FL0206FSB‐34‐S1//FL0016‐H1/IL 3555. FL720 was developed using selected bulk breeding method and was selected as an F5:6 head row. The line was evaluated in preliminary, advanced, and regional forage and grain yield trials from 2012 to 2015. It is a mid‐maturing, high‐yielding forage cultivar with excellent potential for early fall forage production. FL720 was observed to be uniform and stable across multiple locations from 2011 to present. FL720 possess a semiprostrate growth habit and tall plant type. The leaves are large and light green in color. The panicles are long with an average of 4.0 seed whorls. FL720 possesses excellent crown rust (CR) and Barley yellow dwarf virus resistance and moderate resistance to stem rust. FL720 is resistant to the prevalent CR virulence combination that has caused significant disease on the most commonly grown oat cultivars across the southeastern United States since 2013. Average late fall and winter forage yield of FL720 was higher than ‘LA99016’ and was similar to that cultivar in early spring forage production. FL720 has broad environmental adaptation and has performed well in trials conducted in Florida, southern Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, and South Carolina.
Pretreatment expectations of side effects from endocrine therapy found to influence occurrence
Authors: Barton Mary Kay
Published: October 2016

Key Points

A higher expectation of side effects from adjuvant endocrine therapy increased the risk of actual side effects experienced.

Adherence was worse in patients with higher expectations of side effects from adjuvant endocrine therapy, and health‐related quality of life was lower.
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Affects Progenitor Cell Numbers in Olfactory Bulbs and Dentate Gyrus of Vervet Monkeys
Authors: Burke Mark , Inyatkin Alexey , Ptito Maurice , Ervin Frank , Palmour Roberta
Published: October 2016

Fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) alters hippocampal cell numbers in rodents and primates, and this may be due, in part, to a reduction in the number or migration of neuronal progenitor cells. The olfactory bulb exhibits substantial postnatal cellular proliferation and a rapid turnover of newly formed cells in the rostral migratory pathway, while production and migration of postnatal neurons into the dentate gyrus may be more complex. The relatively small size of the olfactory bulb, compared to the hippocampus, potentially makes this structure ideal for a rapid analysis. This study used the St. Kitts vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sabeus) to (1) investigate the normal developmental sequence of post-natal proliferation in the olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus and (2) determine the effects of naturalistic prenatal ethanol exposure on proliferation at three different ages (neonate, five months and two years). Using design-based stereology, we found an age-related decrease of actively proliferating cells in the olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus for both control and FAE groups. Furthermore, at the neonatal time point, the FAE group had fewer actively proliferating cells as compared to the control group. These data are unique with respect to fetal ethanol effects on progenitor proliferation in the primate brain and suggest that the olfactory bulb may be a useful structure for studies of cellular proliferation.
Enhancing the Enzymatic Activity of a Heme-Dependent Peroxidase through Genetic Modification
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Rong , Liu Dan , Feng Wei
Published: October 2016

A heme-dependent peroxidase (HDP) catalyzes the ortho-hydroxylation of l-tyrosine to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. l-DOPA can be used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this work, to improve the catalytic efficiency, the heme-dependent peroxidase has been genetically modified with an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay demonstrated that HDP-ELP has a higher solubility in aqueous solutions than HDP. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that HDP-ELP has a higher stability than HDP. Enzyme kinetics has been investigated over a range of substrate concentrations. It has been demonstrated that HDP-ELP exhibited a catalytic efficiency 2.4 times that of HDP.
Quasicrystals and Other Aperiodic Structures in Mineralogy
Authors: Pina Carlos , López-Acevedo Victoria
Published: October 2016

In this article, we first present and discuss eighteenth-century descriptions of minerals that contributed decisively to the development of crystallography. Remarkably, these old crystallographic descriptions included morphologies with symmetries incompatible with an internal periodic order of atoms, which, however, have been recognised to be characteristics of quasicrystals. Moreover, we also review a number of studies of minerals with aperiodic crystal structures, including recently reported natural quasicrystals of extra-terrestrial origin. Finally, we discuss the current investigations addressing the search for new quasicrystalline minerals in nature.
Application of the Self-Organization Phenomenon in the Development of Wear Resistant Materials—A Review
Authors: Gershman Iosif , Gershman Eugeniy , Mironov Alexander , Fox-Rabinovich German , Veldhuis Stephen
Published: October 2016

Application of the phenomenon of self-organization for the development of wear resistant materials has been reviewed. For this purpose the term of self-organization and dissipative structures as applied to tribology have been discussed. The applications of this phenomenon have been shown in order to develop new wear resistant- and antifriction materials. Specific examples have been shown for the application of the self-organization phenomenon and the generation of dissipative structures for the formation of tribotechnical materials with enhanced wear resistance for current collecting materials and antifriction materials of bearings.
Genetic Improvement of Wood Properties in Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon for Sawn Timber Production in Malawi
Authors: Missanjo Edward , Matsumura Junji
Published: October 2016

Accurate prediction of genetic potential and response to selection in breeding requires knowledge of genetic parameters for important selection traits. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters for wood properties in Khasi pine (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon) grown in Malawi. Data on wood properties and growth traits were collected from six families of Pinus kesiya at the age of 30. The results show that wood density had a higher genetic control (h2 = 0.595 ± 0.055) than wood stiffness (h2 = 0.559 ± 0.038) and wood strength (h2 = 0.542 ± 0.091). The genetic correlation among wood quality traits was significantly moderate (0.464 ± 0.061) to high (0.735 ± 0.025). The predicted genetic response indicated that selection for wood density at 10% selection intensity would increase stiffness and strength by 12.6% and 8.85%, respectively. The genetic correlations between growth and wood quality traits were moderately unfavourable. However, sufficient variation exists within the breeding population to select individuals with both good growth rate and high wood quality traits. It is therefore suggested that all trees with both diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 32.0 cm and density greater than 0.593 g/cm3 must be selected in order to increase the efficiency of the breeding programme. However, in the long term, it is recommended that the best selection strategy would be to develop a multiple-trait selection index. The selection index should be developed using optimal index weights for the advanced Pinus kesiya breeding programme in Malawi.
Essential Oil Characterization of Thymus vulgaris from Various Geographical Locations
Authors: Satyal Prabodh , Murray Brittney , McFeeters Robert , Setzer William
Published: October 2016

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is a commonly used flavoring agent and medicinal herb. Several chemotypes of thyme, based on essential oil compositions, have been established, including (1) linalool; (2) borneol; (3) geraniol; (4) sabinene hydrate; (5) thymol; (6) carvacrol, as well as a number of multiple-component chemotypes. In this work, two different T. vulgaris essential oils were obtained from France and two were obtained from Serbia. The chemical compositions were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In addition, chiral gas chromatography was used to determine the enantiomeric compositions of several monoterpenoid components. The T. vulgaris oil from Nyons, France was of the linalool chemotype (linalool, 76.2%; linalyl acetate, 14.3%); the oil sample from Jablanicki, Serbia was of the geraniol chemotype (geraniol, 59.8%; geranyl acetate, 16.7%); the sample from Pomoravje District, Serbia was of the sabinene hydrate chemotype (cis-sabinene hydrate, 30.8%; trans-sabinene hydrate, 5.0%); and the essential oil from Richerenches, France was of the thymol chemotype (thymol, 47.1%; p-cymene, 20.1%). A cluster analysis based on the compositions of these essential oils as well as 81 additional T. vulgaris essential oils reported in the literature revealed 20 different chemotypes. This work represents the first chiral analysis of T. vulgaris monoterpenoids and a comprehensive description of the different chemotypes of T. vulgaris.
Observing—and Imaging—Active Galactic Nuclei with the Event Horizon Telescope
Authors: Fish Vincent , Akiyama Kazunori , Bouman Katherine , Chael Andrew , Johnson Michael , Doeleman Sheperd , Blackburn Lindy , Wardle John , Freeman William ,   The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
Published: October 2016

Originally developed to image the shadow region of the central black hole in Sagittarius A* and in the nearby galaxy M87, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provides deep, very high angular resolution data on other active galactic nucleus (AGN) sources too. The challenges of working with EHT data have spurred the development of new image reconstruction algorithms. This work briefly reviews the status of the EHT and its utility for observing AGN sources, with emphasis on novel imaging techniques that offer the promise of better reconstructions at 1.3 mm and other wavelengths.
Initial Results of the Precise Orbit Determination for the New-Generation BeiDou Satellites (BeiDou-3) Based on the iGMAS Network
Authors: Tan Bingfeng , Yuan Yunbin , Wen Mingyue , Ning Yafei , Liu Xifeng
Published: October 2016

By August 2016, 5 new-generation BeiDou satellites (BeiDou-3) have successfully been launched. The observations of a very limited number of 9 International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Monitoring and Assessment Service (iGMAS) stations and 52 Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations from 16 July to 14 August 2016 are processed to determine the orbits of BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-2 satellites, respectively. The internal consistency and satellite laser ranging (SLR) validations are conducted for the orbit validation. BeiDou-3 MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) (C33 and C34) have larger root mean square (RMS) values than those BeiDou-3 IGSO (C31 and C32), whereas BeiDou-2 MEO satellites have smaller RMS values than the BeiDou-2 IGSO satellites. Furthermore, BeiDou-3 IGSO and BeiDou-2 satellites have RMS values at identical levels, whereas BeiDou-3 MEO satellites have larger RMS values than the BeiDou-2 MEO satellites. The RMS residuals are approximately 10 cm in the radial component and approximately 25 cm in the along component for BeiDou-3 IGSO satellites. For BeiDou-3 MEO satellites, the RMS residuals are approximately 40 cm in the radial component and approximately 60 cm in the along component. The SLR validation reports that the orbit radial component can reach an accuracy on the level of 1 decimeter and 4 decimeters for BeiDou-3 IGSO and MEO, respectively.
Surface Texturing-Plasma Nitriding Duplex Treatment for Improving Tribological Performance of AISI 316 Stainless Steel
Authors: Lin Naiming , Liu Qiang , Zou Jiaojuan , Guo Junwen , Li Dali , Yuan Shuo , Ma Yong , Wang Zhenxia , Wang Zhihua , Tang Bin
Published: October 2016

Surface texturing-plasma nitriding duplex treatment was conducted on AISI 316 stainless steel to improve its tribological performance. Tribological behaviors of ground 316 substrates, plasma-nitrided 316 (PN-316), surface-textured 316 (ST-316), and duplex-treated 316 (DT-316) in air and under grease lubrication were investigated using a pin-on-disc rotary tribometer against counterparts of high carbon chromium bearing steel GCr15 and silicon nitride Si3N4 balls. The variations in friction coefficient, mass loss, and worn trace morphology of the tested samples were systemically investigated and analyzed. The results showed that a textured surface was formed on 316 after electrochemical processing in a 15 wt % NaCl solution. Grooves and dimples were found on the textured surface. As plasma nitriding was conducted on a 316 substrate and ST-316, continuous and uniform nitriding layers were successfully fabricated on the surfaces of the 316 substrate and ST-316. Both of the obtained nitriding layers presented thickness values of more than 30 μm. The nitriding layers were composed of iron nitrides and chromium nitride. The 316 substrate and ST-316 received improved surface hardness after plasma nitriding. When the tribological tests were carried out under dry sliding and grease lubrication conditions, the tested samples showed different tribological behaviors. As expected, the DT-316 samples revealed the most promising tribological properties, reflected by the lowest mass loss and worn morphologies. The DT-316 received the slightest damage, and its excellent tribological performance was attributed to the following aspects: firstly, the nitriding layer had high surface hardness; secondly, the surface texture was able to capture wear debris, store up grease, and then provide continuous lubrication.
Assessment of the Presence and Strength of H-Bonds by Means of Corrected NMR
Authors: Scheiner Steve
Published: October 2016

The downfield shift of the NMR signal of the bridging proton in a H-bond (HB) is composed of two elements. The formation of the HB causes charge transfer and polarization that lead to a deshielding. A second factor is the mere presence of the proton-accepting group, whose electron density and response to an external magnetic field induce effects at the position of the bridging proton, exclusive of any H-bonding phenomenon. This second positional shielding must be subtracted from the full observed shift in order to assess the deshielding of the proton caused purely by HB formation. This concept is applied to a number of H-bonded systems, both intramolecular and intermolecular. When the positional shielding is removed, the remaining chemical shift is in much better coincidence with other measures of HB strength.