bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ontwortelde gemeenschappen op Cyprus: Een etnografie van Grieks- en Turks-Cypriotische vluchtelingen
Authors: Dikomitis Lisa
Published: October 2024

This is an ethnographic article about the refugee experience in Cyprus and deals with two groups of refugees, one group of Greek Cypriots and one of Turkish Cypriots. The two groups are linked by their histories of displacement to a single ‘place of desire’, a small mountainous village located in the north of Cyprus. The article focuses on the nature of the attachment to this particular village by both refugee groups and how this attachment has been shaped by questions of justice and suffering and the specific meanings that these notions have for each group. The original name of the village is Larnakas tis Lapithou and for its Greek Cypriot inhabitants, who fled during the Turkish invasion of 1974 and scattered all over the south of Cyprus, it will always remain so. But the village has changed drastically. It was renamed after 1974 to Kozan (in Turkish) and became home to the Turkish Cypriot refugees from the south of Cyprus, who moved there after 1974. Their desire too is that the village remains so. The article emphasizes the importance of place as a constructed network of social relationships, as this captures well the experience of these Greek and Turkish Cypriot refugees. For Greek Cypriots the desire is to return to the village and recreate the network of relationships that was shattered by the war. For Turkish Cypriots the desire is to remain in the village and maintain the network of relationships that wasconstructed since the war. And for both this is a question of justice, recognition of their suffering, even if what is meant by justice in each case is antithetical: for Greek Cypriots, it is the right to return, for Turkish Cypriots, the right to stay.
Onsterfelijkheid in fragmenten: De 'Aetia' van Callimachus: teloorgang en reconstructie
Authors: Klooster Jacqueline
Published: October 2024

In this article the ironies of the transmission of the text of Callimachus’ long and innovative elegy, the Aetia, are briefly sketched. Claimed by its author to be a discontinuous and fragmentary poem, it ended up in countless diminutive fragments after its manuscript got lost during the fall of Constantinople. Nevertheless, much like the paradoxical figures in the Aetia itself, in particular the Lock of Berenice and the deceased Simonides, who both seem to address the readers of the Aetia as disembodied speakers, Callimachus’ poetry now once more has the
chance of speaking to us, in the excellent new edition of his Aetia by professor Annette Harder (Oxford University Press, 2012).
Een geluksindex voor de oudheid?: Grieks-Romeins Egypte doorgelicht
Authors: Vandorpe Katelijn
Published: October 2024

For Greco-Roman Egypt we have exceptional material at our disposal. Papyri are like photographs, which allow us to take an honest glance at people’s private lives, but there is more: people’s private archives present a coherent film of a person’s or family’s lives over a longer period. Papyrologists discuss in great detail their names, habits, professions, taxes, the contents of their archives, but they hardly ask themselves: what made people happy in Greco-Roman Egypt? Whatwas important to them? The happiness or quality of life index is nowadays based on a specific set of indicators such as economic satisfaction, growth or prosperity, entrepreneurship, political participation, education, health, safety (national and personal), personal freedom (social tolerance, individual freedom) and social and family networks. To which degree can these indicators be applied to the evidence of Greco-Roman Egypt in order to give papyrological research a new impulse?This article focuses on the dominant indicators for happiness in Egypt, on new types of research questions in the domain of papyrology, and develops new suggestions for the evaluation of governmental policies in Greco-Roman times.
Dan maar geen ‘vrai klassischer Philolog’? De verschillende gezichten van het hellenisme in het werk van Franz Cumont
Authors: Scheerlinck Eline
Published: October 2024

This article examines the role which different concepts of ‘ancient Greece’ played in the work of the Belgian classicist and historian of religions Franz Cumont (1868-1947). Prompted by a recent cinematic interpretation of the Persian Wars, it introduces different views on ancient Greeks, both from Antiquity and from the long 19th century. Subsequently, the nuanced and sometimes surprising views of Cumont will be analyzed, whose work centers around the interaction between ‘East’ and ‘West’ in Antiquity: the Hellenization of the Middle East and a perceived religious Orientalization of the Roman West during the Empire. While Cumont condemned the hellenocentric tendencies so common within the tradition of Classical Studies in the 19th century, the article also argues that his characterization of the ancient Greeks and of the process of Hellenization was very much akin to the narrow philhellenic discourse which he refuted.
De ‘plaatselijkheid’ van Griekenland: De territoriale verankering van het Griekendom in de vroege 16de eeuw
Authors: Lamers Han
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the problem of imagining ‘Greece before Greece’ and focuses on one of the very first politico-territorial conceptualisations of the Greek world by a Greek. Against the background of the general confusion about the exact location of Greece in ancient and pre-modern sources, it shows how Giovanni Gemisto of Epidaurus created an unprecedented image of ‘Graecia’ in his long crusade poem to Pope Leo X, written in Latin hexameters in ca. 1516. It also demonstrates how Gemisto tried to dissimulate the fact that his image of the Greek world was exceptional, if not unparalleled. By exploring some of the strategies with which the poet anchored his notion of ‘Graecia’ in the mytho-historical past of ancient Hellas, it places Gemisto’s imagined country in its literary and rhetorical context in order to understand its peculiarities.
De ruimte voor een wetenschap van de mens bij Aristoteles
Authors: Dewulf Fons
Published: October 2024

Aristotle’s Poetics, Rhetoric and Politics can be considered as works within the humanities since they study human beings, their social institutions and their cultural artefacts. It remains unclear, however, whether these disciplines can be considered as ‘sciences’ in Aristotle’s own terms (epistèmai). In this article I argue that Aristotle’s demonstrative theory on epistèmè can not only be applied to the theoretical sciences, but also to the practical and productive sciences – such as poetics, rhetoric or politics. To this end I first investigate how Aristotle’s epistemology and metaphysics allow for the constitution of sciences concerning man and his products. Secondly, I attempt to show which demonstrative principles are at work in the three aforementioned works.
Graven naar de wortels van de menselijke verbeelding: Over Michael Witzels 'The Origins of the World’s Mythologies'
Authors: Sels Nadia
Published: October 2024

This contribution discusses The Origins of the World’s Mythologies, a voluminous study by Wales Professor of Sanskrit at Harvard University Michael Witzel (Oxford University Press, 2012). A simple review would not do the book justice, as it attempts to redefine the field of comparative mythology and is already the object of great controversy. Using the comparative method and buttressed by data from historical linguistics, archaeology and genetics, Witzel aims to reconstruct the family tree of human myths right up until the Paleolithic. He distinguishes two great branches, Gondwana and Laurasian mythology. The last one in particular gets his attention, for he claims that it was in this branch that around 40.000 BC separate myths were moulded together into a ‘story line’ – an all-encompassing narrative about the cosmos from which all dominant modern day religions ultimately descend. Witzel’s extraordinary study has been both praised as revolutionary and heavily criticized as flawed and implicitly racist. This contribution considers the arguments from both sides.
Het vroege christendom en de antieke mysterieculten
Authors: Praet Danny
Published: October 2024

The possible influence of the Greek, Roman and so-called Oriental Mystery Cults or Oriental Religions on early Christianity in its many forms has been a prominent topic in scientific debates between theologians, church-historians, comparative historians of religions, classicists and orientalists since the nineteenth century. On the wide spectrum of answers to this question, some have claimed Christianity simply is a mystery religion both in its central rituals and in the myth of a dying and resurrecting god, others have stated that there is no real influence at all, and that even the terminological parallels should be seen as superficial translations of purely Jewish Old Testament concepts. This contribution cannot answer all the questions relevant to this debate but tries to give a short outline of the Greek (Eleusinian and Bacchic) Mysteries, and some of the Oriental cults (especially Isis and Osiris, Mithras) with reference to the work of Franz Cumont and Alfred Loisy and its later reception. Christianity is discussed both from some of the New Testament texts, the Apologists and later examples of deliberate use of mystery-terminology to describe the Christian sacraments. In conclusion some methodological reflections are made and the author positions himself on the side of those who do think there was a real influence at different stages in the development of mainstream Christianity.
Wachtend op de barbaren: Het Byzantijnse Rijk en de ander
Authors: Bernard Floris
Published: October 2024

Byzantium presented itself as a universal empire, theoretically encompassing the whole inhabited world. In practice, throughout its existence, the empire had to come to terms with a rapidly transforming geopolitical reality. Thus, Byzantines came into contact with foreigners in many different contexts. The empire made war with them, conducted diplomacy with them, or attracted them into its cultural and religious sphere. This article discusses the contribution of two literary texts to the formation of discourses of ‘othering’. First, the panegyric/epic poems of George of Pisidia (7th century) are a fine example of the conventional and perpetual literary representation of the Eastern enemy (in this case the Sassanid Persians), going back to ancient examples of the Achaemenid Persians and showing connotations of luxuriousness, depravity, and deviousness. The second text discussed, the History of Michael Attaleiates (11th century) presents a first-hand account of the complex situation in Anatolia, where Norman mercenaries gotentangled with Byzantine imperial agents and Seljuk bands of raiders. The confrontation with Westerners and Easterners, both new to the scene, provided Attaleiates with an occasion to redefine the ‘Romanness’ of the medieval Byzantine empire. Thus, the ‘othering’ in Byzantine literary texts is first and foremost part of how the Byzantines defined themselves.
Wil de echte Griek opstaan? Verwantschap en vereenzelviging met de oude Grieken in vroegmodern Europa
Authors: Lamers Han
Published: October 2024

This article examines the ways in which early modern scholars sometimes identified themselves and their communities with the ancient Greeks in their quest for distinctive cultural identities. This ‘imagined Greekness’ has mostly been discussed in the context of French humanism, where it is generally referred to as celt’-hellénisme, suggesting that it was a consistent ideology. This paper shows that, in sixteenth-century French humanism, ‘Greekness’ was not an entirely coherent set of ideas but entails a range of different perspectives on the connections between French and Greek. Moreover, it shows that identifications with the ancient Greeks were not confined to France but occurred in various cultural and political contexts throughout Europe, from Southern Italy to Finland, roughly from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. Whereas a full history of the phenomenon is still lacking, this article offers a first overview of the subject and indicates some avenues for further research.
Alexandrië, van Alexander tot Kavafis: van plaats tot topos
Authors: De Boel Gunnar
Published: October 2024

Alexandria was founded as a Greek ‘island’ in Egypt, with an immigrated population that remained very much attached to its Greek identity. The Library of the Mouseion became a museum of the Greek literary tradition, which was selected and studied by scholars who stood themselves outside the classical polis tradition.Their ‘modern’ attitude led to a different kind of literature, which privileged the experience of the individual in the big city over the commitment to the community, which characterised the polis tradition. The Arab conquest put an end to Alexandria as an intellectual centre. Over the centuries, the harbour’s economic significance declined. After Napoleon’s Egyptian expedition, the country’s rapid economic development under its khedive Mehmet Ali attracted to the city a colony of ‘Franks’ and Greeks, which grew ever more important in the second half of the nineteenth century. Just like their ancient predecessors, these Greeks lived quite separately from the local population. One of them, Cavafy, created in his poetry an Alexandrian mythology, in which his sensuality, unlike in his own day, enjoyed a high standing, and Greek was the universal language of civilisation, defined as both a way of life in which pleasure played an important part, and a commitment to art and science.
Thessaloniki: van Balkanmetropool tot regionale hoofdstad
Authors: Klok Kees
Published: October 2024

This article deals with the various developments that transformed Thessaloniki from a Balkan metropolis and second city of the Ottoman Empire into a Greek city of regional importance over the course of the 20th and early 21st century.These developments include the conquest of Thessaloniki by the Greeks (1912), the great fire of 1917, the exchange of Greek and Turkish populations with the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), the German occupation (1941-1944), the civil war (1946-1949) and the economic and demographic developments after 1960.
Van analfabeten tot langzame schrijvers: Grieks schrijfonderwijs in Egypte
Authors: Stolk Joanne
Published: October 2024

This article summarizes the evidence for Greek education in Greco-Roman Egypt on the basis of documentary papyri. Writing education usually started with learning to write your name, the letters of the alphabet and copying short passages, before one continued to learn how to read and compose texts. Since writing education was not accessible to everyone and students could drop out at any time, various degrees of literacy are found in the papyri: from illiterates with some acquaintance with written materials to fully and actively literate individuals. The so-called ‘slow writers’ may have joined the first stages of writing education so that they were able to write their name or copy short passages, but they were not regarded as fully literate, probably often because they were unable to read for themselves. Being able to write often implied knowing Greek, especially from the Roman period onwards. The arrival of Coptic (written in the Greek script) meant that monolingual Egyptians were able again to produce or reproduce texts – even Greek ones – without knowing Greek perfectly.
“De trots van de wereld”: De literaire tuin van Joannes Geometres
Authors: De Ridder Niels
Published: October 2024

The present article contains a Dutch translation of John Geometres’ second and third progymnasmata. Within the collection of six progymnasmata of Geometres, the two here translated form a pair, both in form and subject matter. Both texts are presented in the form of a letter to an anonymous addressee, and both contain ecphraseis, rhetorical descriptions of Geometres’ garden estate. This article provides the first translation of both texts into a modern language other than contemporary Greek. The translation is accompanied by concise commentary in the form of notes to assist in the understanding and appreciation of the text.
De (oud)griekse taalfamilie: de oorsprong en oudste taalvormen
Authors: De Decker Filip
Published: October 2024

In this longer article I give an overview of the history of the Greek language (4000 (?) – 500 BC), focusing on the value of Greek for Indo-European and historical linguistics, its relations with other (Indo-European and non-Indo-European) languages, the creation of its alphabet, its dialectal differences with an analysis of some inscriptions. At the end I take a closer look at the oldest Greek, Mycenaean, describing its writing system, some aspects of the language and the answers it provides and questions it raises for the history of Greek and Indo-European.
Enthousiaste etymologieën: de oorsprong van θεός, deus en god
Authors: De Meyer Isabelle
Published: October 2024

The point of departure of the article is the etymology of three nouns for ‘god’: Greek θεός, Latin deus and Dutch (or English) god. In order to find an answer it is necessary to turn to a broader framework: comparative linguistics. In the first section it is explained how the reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the proto-language of Greek, Latin, Dutch and others, is necessary for the establishment of the etymology of these specific words. It is stated that the terms for ‘god’ find their origin in three PIE conceptualizations: 1) gods exert human forces; 2) gods are characterized by their opposites towards humans; 3) gods are an integral part of ritual practices. In the following three parts these notions are explored and it is shown that the Latin term arose from the second concept, whereas the Greek and Dutch one from the third one. The final section focuses on the (semantic) evolutions of the words for ‘god’.
Schelden met lange neologismen: Context, vertaling en analyse van 'Tegen Choirosphaktes Leo' van Konstantinos Rhodios
Authors: Vandendriessche Vic
Published: October 2024

This article provides insights in the Byzantine satirical poem Πρὸς τὸν Χοιροσφάκτην Λεόντα by Constantine Rhodios. As the poem consists of long, sometimes unclear, compound nouns this article focuses on the neologisms and the root words of which they consist. The first part introduces the writer Rhodios and his adversary Leo Choirosphaktes, and explains the term satire and its meaning in Byzantium. The second part consists of a translation and an analysis of the poem, followed by a quick summary of what the poem tells us about the Zeitgeist as well as an impetus to link it to other works from the same period.
Verloofde of broer? De paneuropese context van de Griekse Ballade van de dode broer
Authors: De Boel Gunnar
Published: October 2024

In this article, the link between the romantic 18th century interest in folk-songs in England and Germany, the renewed interest in Homer as a singer of songs, and the fashion of Greek folk-songs in the 19th century is explicited. The close relationship between the Greek Ballad of the Dead Brother and the Lenore-ballad by Bürger, about a dead fiancé, is examined. It is suggested that the replacement of the fiance by the brother has important consequences asto the structure and the function of the song.
“Red, Heer, uw volk en zegen uw erfdeel”. Griekse orthodoxie en nationale identiteit
Authors: Groen Bert
Published: October 2024

This article looks at the ‘synergy’ between the national and the religious elements in Greece. Firstly, the position of Orthodoxy in Greek society and the close constitutional bonds between the Orthodox Church and the Greek State are examined. Special attention is paid to the views of the new Archbishop of Athens, Christodoulos. Secondly, the historical development of the link between Church and State or Nation is described. Thirdly, the position of other churches and religions in Greece and the issue of religious freedom are discussed. Fourthly, the Constantinople Patriarchate and its supranational self-consciousness are examined.
Van harmonieuze paarden en mislukte reizen. Platonisme bij Johan Daisne en Andreas Bumier
Authors: van der Paardt Rudi
Published: October 2024

This is an essay dialing with the platonic elements in two novels with some reputation in the history of modem literature in the Low Countries: De trap van steen en -wolken (The Stairs of Stone and Clouds) by the Flemish author Johan Daisne, first published in 1942, during the Second World War, and De reis naar Kithira (The Journey to Kithira) by the Dutch feminist writer Andreas Bumier, which appeared in 1976.
Rigas Velestinlis (1757-1798)
Authors: Ioannidou Mariëtta
Published: October 2024

Short presentation of Rigas, and introduction to the papers.
De onderneming boven alles. Economische en ideologische omstandigheden van Rigas’ verklikking en terechtstelling
Authors: Katsiardi-Hering Olga
Published: October 2024

Why was Rigas betrayed by a fellow-Greek in 1797, and did this betrayal constitute high treason? The author shows that these questions can only be answered within the larger social context of the Greek 18th century diaspora communities. She also shows that interest for Rigas was not always as great as today, and why this is so. Celebration of historical events depends on the ideological demands of the society at least as much as on the historical events themselves.
Millenniumdrukte en de symboolwaarde van het eeuwjaar 1900 in André Gides Le Prométhée mal enchaïné (1899)
Authors: De Groote Pierre
Published: October 2024

The coming of a new century and, moreover, of a millennium causes a lot of excitement, both positive and negative. In his delightful little tale Le Prométhée mal enchainé (1899) André Gide anticipated that the symbolical dawn of the twentieth century would throw an intricate web of contemporary doubts into bold relief- at least according to our ‘modernist’ interpretation of his sotie. This interpretation will enable us to clarify Gide’s imaginative ‘recycling’ of ancient mythological or literary characters such as Prometheus, Damocles, Horatius Codes and Tityrus. Our semiotical reading will show that Gide’s mixing of Greek and Roman characters with 'modem' elements serves two closely related purposes : a qualified highlighting of the modernist doubts as well as an unsteady supporting of a distorted plot line.
Het Lassithiplateau (Kreta). Dynamiek van het mediterrane landschap en rurale bewoning in de microkosmos van een hoogvlakte
Authors: Sevenant Marjanne
Published: October 2024

The Lassithi Plateau is a highland plain in the central part of the eastern Lassithian mountain range of the Greek Island Crete. The closed character of the place, environmental and socio¬ economic, allowed us to investigate the area as a separate entity, yet without isolating the study from the Cretan and Mediterranean context. As an attempt to integrate both human- and landscape-ecological aspects, the study aimed at investigating the evolution of the mutual influence between human and environmental conditions in the specific physical context of a 'polje’ by combining the spatial and temporal dimension. Archaeological evidence indicates settlement on the plateau already since 3000-2500BC, though successful draining of the polje only dates back to the seventeenth century. Still there never has been any settlement in the alluvial plain of the plateau. During history the style of life has not changed significantly until very recently, when technological improvement of draining and irrigation allowed raising of cash crops such as potatoes. This has infected the functional organisation of the landscape by man.
Enthousiasmos. Sociale aspecten van muziek in de klassieke oudheid
Authors: van Beek René
Published: October 2024

In ancient Greece and Rome music played a very important role in daily life. At banquets and funerals, religious ceremonies and work, in battles and in the theatre, music was everywhere, mostly combined with singing and dancing. Ancient music had several sources of inspiration: sorrow, joy and enthousiasm. The difference between the serene music of Apollo and the orgiastic sounds of Dionysos becomes palpable in the different appreciations of the instruments lyra and aulos. Music was of paramount importance in education, as it was seen to contribute to the formation of a strong character. The combination of several sources (instruments, representations of music life on pottery, papyri with musical notation) makes it possible to get a glimpse of ancient music.
Historiciteit en geografische realia in Charitoons Kallirhoë
Authors: De Temmerman Koen
Published: October 2024

Chariton's novel Callirhoe is the oldest in a series of five entirely preserved ancient Greek novels. Since Callirhoe has the main characteristics of what modem literary theory would call a 'historical novel', any historical approach to the novel is fundamentally determined by the historical layers that can be distinguished in the story. There is a permanent tension between fifth century BC elements, consciously introduced by the author in the historical setting, and contemporary (first century AD) influences, anachronistic and largely unconscious. In order to assess the relative importance of these elements, this article focuses on the historicity of characters and events, and on the geographic framework. The study of these topics makes clear how Chariton evokes a reality he never wanted to evoke.
Classicisme in de kunst van het nazisme
Authors: Nelis Jan
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the relationship between art- especially the neoclassical movementand politics in nazi Germany. During the reign of Adolf Hitler tremendous efforts were made to represent the nazi state by means of massive propaganda. Inspired by the subtility of Greek art and above all by the grandeur of Roman imperial times, Hitler wanted to create an image of his Third Reich, reflecting its strength and ideal character. He wanted a national, völkisch art, but instead came up with an eclectic mixture, using classical forms but forgetting the classical spirit.
Het demonische karakter en uiterlijk van de homerische Sirenen
Authors: Penninck Mieke
Published: October 2024

In this article, the author tries to show the similarities between the so-called ‘Sirens’ of Greek Archaic Art and the Sirens of Homer, concerning the daemonic features of both. In the end, the author connects the results of her investigation to considerations of the name of the Sirens, whether it is correct or not to call all birds with woman’s heads by the name of Sirens. She also tries to show the probability of the fact that the homeric Sirens had the shape of human beings.
Het Hodoiporikón ("reisverslag") van Konstantinos Manasses
Authors: Aerts Willem
Published: October 2024

The Byzantine Empress Irene (= Bertha of Sulzbach), first wife of Manuel I died 1160. A Byzantine delegation was sent to Palestine in order to find for him a second wife from one of the Crusaders States in Palestine. Constantine Manasses was one of the members of that dele¬ gation and in his poem Hodoiporikón (± 900 verses in 4 poems, ed. by K. Homa in BZ 1904) he describes his dreams, his voyage, his visits of the holy places in Palestine, his illnesses and his revalidation on Cyprus. This work of Manasses is his only poem written in 12-syllable verses, probably to be understood as a messenger’s story in a classical tragedy. The text is presented here with a Dutch translation, following the metre as close as possible.
De Grieks-Romeinse wereld en Indië
Authors: Seldeslachts Erik
Published: October 2024

Throughout Antiquity contacts and exchanges have taken place between the Graeco-Roman and the Indian worlds: war, politics and trade. Several periods are highlighted, viz. that of the Achaemenids, Alexander the Great and his successors, the Indo-Greeks. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms, routes, products and people involved in the overland and maritime trade. Cul¬ tural and linguistic exchanges are retraced and an evaluation is made of the mutual knowledge and understanding between Greeks and Indians. Although protracted contacts over centuries led to a large number of affinities and similarities between Ancient India and the Ancient West, the¬ re never was a far-reaching or generalised cultural osmosis between the two.
Leven, dood en werken van Johann Joachim Winckelmann
Authors: van Dolen Hein
Published: October 2024

Johann Joachim Winckelmann was bom on December 9th, 1717, in Stendal, a village not far from Berlin. Being a son of an indigent cobbler, he worked with ardent zeal and much ambi¬ tion his way up until he became one of the most famous classical scholars of the eighteenth century. Nowadays, he is known with three titles of honour: father of the archaeology, father of the history of art and initiator of the neoclassicism. After a colourful life with many successes and disappointments the story goes that he died a violent death in Triest, on June 8th, 1768. The circumstances of this tragedy and the motive of the murderer have been remained so obscure that there is a reasonable doubt that it was Winckelmann himself who was stabbed down on that occasion.
Pindaros’ kleine Oresteia. Een lectuur van de Elfde Pythische Ode
Authors: Lateur Patrick
Published: October 2024

The author, on the one hand, presents his Dutch translation of Pindarus’ Eleventh Pythian Ode and, on the other, situates this poem in its literary-historical context; the poem’s structural elements and its mythological references receive detailed analysis.
Het Griekse konijn is geen landschapschilder, maar wel groen! Het landschappelijk bewustzijn in het werk van Jannis Kounellis
Authors: Laureyns Jeroen
Published: October 2024

When one raises the question what the specific meaning could be when Jannis Kounellis uses animals in his art, it is remarkable that one thinks immediately of the performance he held in 1969 in Rome, installing twelve living horses in a white gallery space. The relationship be¬ tween Jannis Kounellis and the arte povera has already been examined by Thomas McEvilly. This paper wants to look for a new interpretation on the environmental aspects in the work of Kounellis, focusing on the works with animals. It is the conviction of the author that one could define this aspect as a ‘consciousness of the landscape’, a term borrowed from a book by the Dutch philosopher Ton Lemaire. The author wonders how a sensual and sensorial ex¬ perience can take place by looking simply at a reproduction of Kounellis’ work with the twelve horses. The paper closes with methodological questions of how a common art histori¬ cal look has had so many difficulties of accepting the sensual sensations of a work of art when it is not literally sensual.
De grote Griekse wereld van Kavafis
Authors: Hokwerda Hero
Published: October 2024

Classical Hellas and modern Ellada was and is only a small part of the great Greek world, i.e. the ellinismós as existing from Alexander the Great till well in the 20th century and part of which felt the Alexandrian poet Kavafis. This ‘hellenism’ (in the broad sense of the great Greek world) stayed in Roman centuries culturally dominant in the Eastern part of the Mediterranean, continued in christianised form as Byzantium, in Ottoman times as the Greek world with the Orthodox Church and the Fanariots and later, from around 1800, with the developing Greek commercial and bourgeois class outside Greece, esp. in cities as Constantinopel, Smyrna and Alexandria. As a poet Kavafis felt particularly committed to this long, time and again evolving tradition of ‘hellenism’ from Alexander the Great up to his own days.
Peran keluarga dalam pendidikan: kontekstualisasi pemikiran Pestalozzi dan Imam al-Ghazali
Authors: Anam Ahmad Muzakkil , Rukiyati Rukiyati
Published: October 2024

Pendidikan adalah proses esensial dalam perkembangan karakter dan kemampuan manusia yang dimulai sejak lahir hingga tutup usia, dan keluarga menjadi lembaga pendidikan pertama dan utama. Penelitian ini mengkaji pemikiran dua tokoh pendidikan dengan latar belakang dan konteks yang berbeda, yaitu Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi dan Imam al-Ghazali. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam terkait dengan topik yang diteliti, kemudian mengidentifikasi celah penelitian, dan membangun dasar teori yang kuat. Pestalozzi adalah seorang ahli pendidikan yang berasal dari Swiss yang sangat menekankan pentingnya cinta, kasih sayang, dan keaktifan jiwa raga. Selain itu, ia juga percaya bahwa pendidikan sudah seharusnya diawali dari keluarga dengan peran utama orang tua, terutama ibu yang merupakan pendidik pertama dan utama bagi anak. Sementara itu, Imam al-Ghazali yang juga dikenal sebagai ulama besar dalam Islam, memberikan penekanan pada pendidikan yang penuh kasih sayang, keteladanan yang konsisten, serta pemahaman mendalam yang terkait dengan tingkat pemahaman setiap anak. Imam Al-Ghazali juga berpendapat bahwa keluarga merupakan lingkungan yang sangat dominan dalam upaya pembentukan akhlak dan budi pekerti anak. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan keluarga harus diberikan semaksimal mungkin, karena akan sangat besar pengaruhnya terhadap perkembangan anak dari kecil hingga dewasa kelak.Education is an essential process in the development of human character and abilities starting from birth until the end of age, and the family becomes the first and main educational institution. This research examines the thoughts of two educational figures with different backgrounds and contexts, namely Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and Imam al-Ghazali. In this research, the method used is library research to gain a deep understanding related to the topic under study, then identifying research gaps, and building a strong theoretical basis. Pestalozzi was a Swiss educationist who emphasized the importance of love, affection, and physical activity. In addition, he also believed that education should start from the family with the main role of parents, especially mothers who are the first and main educators for children. Meanwhile, Imam al-Ghazali, who is also known as a great scholar in Islam, emphasizes loving education, consistent role modeling, and deep understanding related to the level of understanding of each child. Imam Al-Ghazali also argues that the family is a very dominant environment in efforts to shape the morals and character of children. Therefore, family education must be given as much as possible, because it will greatly influence the development of children from childhood to adulthood.
Modern life experience of Ukrainian migrants in the context of intercultural strategies
Authors: Kolinko Maryna , Aleksandrova Olena
Published: October 2024

The article reveals the current aspects of the problem of intercultural relations, adaptation and integration of Ukrainian refugees in a new social and cultural envi-ronment. The stages of acculturation of migrants are systematized using the classic works of K. Oberg, J. Berry and modern sociological research. It was found that the processes of assimilation of values, forms of behavior of a new community, crea-tion of new cultural algorithms contribute to the separation of a person from the traumatic experience of the past and overcoming post-traumatic cultural stress. An important component of adaptation processes of migrants is the support of their host state and civil society. The need to work with migrants is emphasized, in particular, work with injuries caused by the military conflict, strategies to counter violence caused by the consequences of war, work to achieve dialogue and peace-ful resolution of conflicts, countering discrimination, integration of refugees into the everyday and cultural space of the local community, assistance in the development of social entrepreneurship to resolve socio-economic conflicts.
Value priorities in labor behavior of Ukrainian war refugees
Authors: Tymofieieva Halyna
Published: October 2024

The article examines the peculiarities of the labor behavior of Ukrainians who, due to the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine, left en masse to other countries to seek temporary protection and asylum. Therefore, they replenished the ranks of war refugees and, fulfilling the rules and requirements of the host countries, carry out labor activities. The peculiarities of their work behavior are considered through the prism of values, understood as the basis of individual socialization (T. Parsons). The criterion basis for the selection of values for the author's analysis was the European Social Survey of the Values of Democracy and Ways to Achieve Personal Well-being (ESS), in which Ukraine was included in 2012. At that time, the value priorities of Ukrainians in relation to work related to the level of income, job reliability, the ability to combine work and family responsibilities, to improve qualifications and the ability to take the initiative. Having chosen this scale of values as a basis and having processed a number of open statistical and scientific sources, sociological studies, the author found out how much these values have changed/transformed among war refugees who left for European countries, as of the beginning of 2023. In particular, several types of the employee's labor mentality are highlighted, which are based on the ambivalence of the elements of the national labor pattern, and the correlation of these elements with the image of the Ukrainian war refugee of the sample of 2022-2023 years is made (mostly women aged 30-60, with children, has a higher education, is a representative of the average class with high adaptability). It is shown that the prospects of Ukrainian refugees to integrate into the labor market of the host country are generally high due to their high ability to adapt to new social and economic conditions.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Neurodegenerative Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes by Derivation and Validation in 2 Independent Korean Cohorts: Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Sang Hyunji , Lee Hojae , Park Jaeyu , Kim Sunyoung , Woo Ho Geol , Koyanagi Ai , Smith Lee , Lee Sihoon , Hwang You-Cheol , Park Tae Sun , Lim Hyunjung , Yon Dong Keon , Rhee Sang Youl
Published: October 2024

Background

Several machine learning (ML) prediction models for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have recently been developed. However, the predictive power of these models is limited by the lack of multiple risk factors.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the validity and use of an ML model for predicting the 3-year incidence of ND in patients with T2DM.

Methods

We used data from 2 independent cohorts—the discovery cohort (1 hospital; n=22,311) and the validation cohort (2 hospitals; n=2915)—to predict ND. The outcome of interest was the presence or absence of ND at 3 years. We selected different ML-based models with hyperparameter tuning in the discovery cohort and conducted an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis in the validation cohort.

Results

The study dataset included 22,311 (discovery) and 2915 (validation) patients with T2DM recruited between 2008 and 2022. ND was observed in 133 (0.6%) and 15 patients (0.5%) in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. The AdaBoost model had a mean AUROC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.79-0.85) in the discovery dataset. When this result was applied to the validation dataset, the AdaBoost model exhibited the best performance among the models, with an AUROC of 0.83 (accuracy of 78.6%, sensitivity of 78.6%, specificity of 78.6%, and balanced accuracy of 78.6%). The most influential factors in the AdaBoost model were age and cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions

This study shows the use and feasibility of ML for assessing the incidence of ND in patients with T2DM and suggests its potential for use in screening patients. Further international studies are required to validate these findings.
Alternative Futures: Who Decides? A story of lived experiences told through art
Authors: Green Rachel , Turner Jimmy
Published: October 2024

This mini-book tells the story of the ‘The Ripple – Past, Present, Future’ Project, conducted as a research partnership between the Ripple Project, a community organisation in the Restalrig, Lochend and Craigentinny areas in Northeast Edinburgh, and the Binks Hub (University of Edinburgh) in 2023-24. The project used community art-making, creative and curational methods and practices to co-research local people’s experiences and understandings of their community, and express their hopes, dreams and demands for the future. In this mini-book we focus on the four artworks produced through the project and the series of exhibitions we curated to display them. We discuss how these exhibitions were curated to carry the wisdom of the community to wider audiences, and how this wisdom gives rise to a series of participatory democracy demands made of policymakers. The policy-focused aims of the project are summarised here, but are expanded upon in greater detail in our companion publication Alternative Futures: Who Decides? – The respectful inclusion of community voices in decision-making.
Nueve cartas de amor y un testamento inesperado. Lo público de la vida privada en la Guatemala dieciochesca
Authors: Ruz Mario Humberto
Published: October 2024

Dada su naturaleza, intrínsecamente privada, la correspondencia amorosa muy rara vez figura en archivos públicos, a menos que su contenido afectara en modo especial las relaciones entre otros miembros de la sociedad. La aquí tratada, a más de permirirnos atisbar en la relación amorosa entre un rico comerciante asturiano y una costurera mestiza guatemalteca, muestra cómo, en ocasiones, tales documentos podían emplearse con fines jurídicos, a la vez que nos ilustra sobre el desamparo en que se hallaban los vecinos comunes frente a las ambiciones de ciertos representantes de las órdenes religiosas, en este caso la poderosa Compañía de Jesús
La virgen de Guadalupe en Guatemala: Los Juandiegos, las Marías y las indias bonitas. Práctica religiosa y subalternidad étnica
Authors: Taracena Arrióla Arturo
Published: October 2024

A partir del estudio de la implantación y desarrollo del culto a la Virgen de Guadalupe en Guatemala, se analiza el rasgo más espectacular del mismo: vestir desde hace más de 200 años como indígenas (Juandiegos y Marías) a niños no indígenas el 12 de diciembre. Sin embargo, al vestir así a los infantes no se busca asumir la identidad del "otro", sino tan sólo adoptar su vestimenta con el fin de obtener el favor de la Virgen. Ello hace que se caiga fácilmente en la asunción de un gesto antiindígena que deliberadamente recrea rasgos de indumentaria o cosmética para indicar que los infantes no son "indios". A inicios del siglo XX, retomando un concurso de belleza aparecido en México D. E, tal tradición travestista tendrá como resultado el surgimiento de la moda de las "indias bonitas" entre mujeres que se integran a los festejos. Pronto son censuradas por las autoridades eclesiásticas por la "mundanidad" que introducen en la fiesta religiosa. Dicha moda dará paso a un proceso secularizante, que se caracterizó, por una parte, en la recuperación del mundo festivo guadalupano por la sátira política y, por la otra, en el surgimiento de las reinas de belleza no indígenas vestidas con indumentarias "típicas" al ser recuperada por el Estado.
De la perversión a la violencia natural
Authors: Noel Lapoujade María
Published: October 2024

El artículo examina el concepto de violencia en algunos autores de la literatura y la filosofía, pasando por la consideración de las ideas de Hermes Trimegisto, Dante Alighieri, Voltaire, Sigmund Freud, y especialmente Guy de Maupassant y Alphonse-Donatien, Marqués de Sade. Se analiza también el significado del concepto de terror, que, naciendo de un concepto que implica amenaza a la vida, termina siendo muestra de cómo la vida mantiene su autonomía y predominio, su equilibrio y armonía cósmica a pesar del terror y la violencia que existencialmente parecieran reducirla.
La instrumentalización del way según las escenas de los vasos pintados
Authors: Matteo Sebastian , Rodríguez Manjavacas Asier
Published: October 2024

El ensayo se centra en el papel que tuvo el nahualismo en la sociedad maya clásica, un fenómeno religioso que, a pesar de su importancia, aún resulta un tanto confuso para los especialistas. Nuestra propuesta, que pretende identificar si realmente existió una oposición entre el tonalli y el nahualli —nociones que dieron origen a las definiciones actuales—, aborda varios tipos de representaciones artísticas de este concepto, correspondientes a la época clásica, las cuales son contrastadas a la luz de fuentes etnográficas.
Los padres Camacho y su museo: dos puntos de luz en el Campeche del siglo XIX
Authors: Sellen Adam T.
Published: October 2024

Los padres Camacho, José María y Leandro, fueron dos hermanos españoles que residieron en la ciudad de Campeche durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Instruidos pero de escasos recursos, estos sacerdotes lograron reunir un formidable gabinete de antigüedades prehispánicas que parece constituir el primero de su clase en la región, si no es que el más antiguo en México dedicado a los antiguos mayas. No obstante, las escasas noticias sobre su colección —registradas en su mayoría en crónicas y relatos de extranjeros que recorrieron la zona en aquellos tiempos— no han recibido la atención que merecen en la literatura académica. Es propósito de este artículo presentar los datos reunidos sobre sus interesantes vidas para poder comprender mejor el contexto histórico de su búsqueda intelectual, así como trazar el destino de su acervo. Finalmente demostramos que el esfuerzo de los hermanos Camacho por crear un museo local se prestó a las intenciones de algunos miembros de la clase política de la época, en particular Justo Sierra O’Reilly, de reforzar una identidad regional en el marco de un proyecto separatista.
Trayectoria de definiciones de Administración Pública bajo un enfoque de Nube Dinámica de Palabras
Authors: Sanchez Gonzalez José Juan , Espejel Mena Jaime , López Chau Asdrúbal
Published: October 2024

El presente documento tiene como propósito revisar los adjetivos, verbos y sustantivos recurrentes en las definiciones de la Administración Pública, a través de la revisión de los planteamientos de 68 autores y 150 definiciones. Se utilizó una “nube dinámica de palabras” para representar de forma resumida, la frecuencia del uso de palabras en los textos revisados en los diferentes periodos. Se concluye que: primera, en el campo disciplinario se ha recurrido a los términos “administración”, “pública”, “gobierno”, “ciencia” y “sociedad” como las voces más representativas. Segunda, las definiciones son construcciones teóricas que corresponden a su contexto histórico relacionado con el papel del Estado; tercera, explican el desarrollo de la expansión del Estado y las actividades administrativas encomendadas a la administración pública; y cuarta, son aproximaciones para un mayor entendimiento tanto como materia administrativa y como disciplina científica.
Arte y cultura del patrón en zigzag ngäbe-buglé: antes y después de la Conquista
Authors: Barberena Candy
Published: October 2024

El presente estudio explora la evolución del patrón en zigzag, símbolo omnipresente en la escultura y cerámica prehispánicas de Panamá, hasta su integración en el arte barroco indigenizado del periodo virreinal panameño, que alcanza su apogeo en el siglo XVIII. El patrón en zig-zag encadenado, presente en retablos como los de Santa Librada (Los Santos) y San Francisco de Asís (Veraguas), así como en el sagrario MARC 0008, atestigua la pervivencia de la identidad ngäbe-buglé. Esta pervivencia se manifiesta en la construcción de sus viviendas, el arte y los adornos personales, elementos que mantienen viva la cosmogonía comarcal.