bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring influence of eccentricities and axis deviations on stress and strain state of reinforced concrete columns in multi-story frame buildings
Authors: Lastovka A. V. , Murzintcev A. K.
Published: December 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyze the issues associated with the determination of parameters for stress and strain state of compression load-bearing elements in frame buildings. The paper highlights the main sources and causes of eccentricities, as well as the differences in the behavior of centrally and eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete elements. Particular attention was also paid to stress distributions both in cross-sectional and height direction of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete elements depending on the eccentricity value. According to the conducted analysis, the functional efficiency of compression columns of the framework depends directly on initially set (designed) parameters of bearing capacity, technology and quality of implementation of corresponding construction processes. The formation of eccentricities and deviations of cross-section axes for framing columns is a consequence of insufficient design solutions (taking into account possible manifestations of the phenomena under consideration) and/or construction works. In order to consider eccentricities and axis deviations, the special algorithm should be developed to examine the actual parameters of the stress and strain state. Moreover, a set of measures should be introduced to increase the indicators of bearing capacity of columns for frameworks of multi-story buildings. The paper provides the analytical data which can be used in the development of guidelines for improving the bearing capacity for eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete columns of multi-story frame buildings.
Methodology for assessing the competence level of experts in cast-in-place and precast construction
Authors: Lysova Yu. D. , Mironova L. I. , Fomin N. I.
Published: December 2023

The technology of cast-in-place and precast construction has been developed and used extensively in civil engineering since the 1950s. Several dozen precast frame systems have been developed independently in the USA, Europe and Asia. The main design and technological parameters of foreign systems have been elaborated. A particular attention is paid to evaluation of the strong and weak points of these systems in order to identify the parameters that ensure their technological vitality, efficiency and usability of the structural system. One way of implementing the evaluation procedure is to have the precast frame systems assessed by a panel of experts, which poses a methodological problem in terms of selecting candidates. The present paper suggests a methodology for assessing the competence level of a potential expert in cast-in-place and precast construction. The methodology provides an integral evaluation of the professional competence level of experts, as well as their personal qualities. A comprehensive assessment of candidates in terms of their inclusion in an expert panel is expected to reveal not only their professional level, but also their capacity for flexible thinking in response to new facts and reasoning, thus minimizing the likelihood of inconsistent and unreliable expert conclusions. The developed methodology for assessing the competence level of experts can be used to analyze foreign experience in cast-in-place and precast construction and to identify opportunities for the development of domestic construction technologies.
Cements with low water demand as an alternative type of binding mixture used in ready-mixed concrete
Authors: Makarenko S. V.
Published: December 2023

The paper compares Portland cement and cement with low water demand. The aim of the study was to estimate the possibility of reducing the cost of a binder and the cost of the resulting readymixed concrete, along with achieving its improved physical and mechanical properties over a short time frame. This is undoubtedly a relevant indicator, especially in winter construction, since the kinetics of concrete strength gain is one of the key factors limiting the pace of construction. The study assesses the feasibility of introducing technogenic waste and local minerals into concrete composition, as well as effectively selected structural chemistry based on polycarboxylates. Cements with low water demand of various grades were produced by grinding Portland cement and silica or carbonate filler, in the presence of the required dosage of superplasticizer and depending on the type of cement with low water demand under investigation. Based on the results of the study, the efficiency of obtaining cements with low water demand of carbonate and silica type was estimated. Kinetics of strength gain and normal density of cement-water paste of various compositions were considered. Optimal value of the specific surface area of the cement with low water demand was established. The strength dependencies of the concrete produced on the basis of low water demand cement of different grades were analyzed. The conclusions enable the effectiveness of using the binders under development to be assessed.
Dependence of actual filling level of gravity flow water distribution on sediment thickness in benching part of pipes
Authors: Prodous O. A. , Shlychkov D. I. , Parkhomenko S. V. , Abrosimova I. A.
Published: December 2023

The regulatory requirements of SP 32.13330.2018 (Sewerage. Pipelines and wastewater treatment plants) set the minimum sewage velocity in water distribution systems, depending on the highest filling level of pipes. It is known that during the operation of gravity flow water distribution systems under certain conditions, a layer of internal sediments might be formed, which increases the filling level of pipes and changes the values of the hydraulic characteristics of the flow. The study suggests the dependence between the values of hydraulic characteristics of the flow and the amount of internal sediments on the surface where the sewage flows. The authors introduced the calculated dependencies for hydraulic calculation of gravity flow water distribution systems with sediments on the surface where the sewage is moving. The study confirmed the dependence of the actual filling level of gravity flow water distribution systems on the amount of sediments on the surface. A specific example confirming the existence of such a dependence was given. The paper presented a graph of dependence between actual filling level and sediment thickness in benching part of pipes. It was shown that during the operation of gravity flow water distribution systems with internal sediments it is necessary to control the value of the actual filling of pipes 𝐻ф 𝑑пр and the amount of sediment in their benching part ℎ, which have a significant impact on the values of the hydraulic characteristics of the sewage flow.
Economic efficiency and prospects for introducing information modelling technologies during the design stage in the building sector of a region
Authors: Torokhova K. E. , Matveeva M. V.
Published: December 2023

Over the past decade, information modelling technologies have been actively introduced in the global construction industry. This study aims to substantiate the economic efficiency of implementing these technologies in construction processes. The primary methods employed in this study involve analysis and synthesis. The article examines data that reflects the indicators of economic efficiency associated with information modelling technologies. The cooperation of all project participants, while considering specific regional characteristics, is of utmost importance. Since the design stage is the least financially expensive phase, the efficiency of information modelling technologies can be well observed. The article discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of using information modelling technologies. A comparison of return on investment (ROI) indicators was carried out, considering the degree of adoption of information modelling technologies within enterprises. It is important to note that ROI comprises only one of the indicators used to assess economic efficiency, since it fails to consider other factors. In order to comprehensively evaluate the economic effect, various indicators used in investment project assessment were analysed, including net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, and payback time. The article presents an example of implementing information modelling technologies in a small project entity, where the ROI coefficient is calculated. From the analysis, it is concluded that information modelling technologies should be widely implemented as a foundation for improving the production and economic efficiency of companies.
Evaluation of the impact of various stabilizing additives, including hydrolysis lignin, on the basic physical and operational parameters of rubble-mastic asphalt concrete mixtures
Authors: Balabanov V. B. , Molokov V. S.
Published: December 2023

The paper considers the use of various stabilizing additives, including hydrolysis lignin, in rubble-mastic asphalt mixtures. Laboratory tests were conducted using calibrated measuring instruments and certified laboratory equipment, along with officially recognized methods for testing the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. Based on the data obtained, a comparative analysis of the effect of stabilizing additives on the main physical and operational indicators of rubblemastic asphalt concrete mixtures was carried out. It was established that the use of different stabilizing additives in rubble-mastic asphalt concrete mixtures did not lead to significant changes in the basic physical and operational indicators, except for the binder flowing indicator, i.e., the ability of rubblemastic asphalt concrete mixtures to retain bitumen. The laboratory studies also confirmed the possibility of using a stabilizing additive – hydrolysis lignin – without compromising the physical and operational characteristics of the mixture according to GOST R 58406.1-2020. A slight increase in water resistance was observed when hydrolysis lignin was added, largely due to its ability to modify road bitumen and its high content in the mixture compared to other additives.
Improving reliability of a sewer system through accumulating capacity of gravity-flow sewers
Authors: Bober V. A. , Chupin R. V. , Skibo D. V. , Dudarev V. I.
Published: December 2023

Improving the reliability of sewer systems involves implementing measures and facilities to prevent the discharge of untreated sewage onto the ground or surface. These measures include the redundancy of both pressurized and non-pressurized pipelines within the network, as well as the use of their accumulating capacity and emergency wastewater tanks. The accumulating capacity of a gravityflow sewer system was examined in this work. An algorithm for calculating the accumulating capacity of existing sewer systems was proposed. Additionally, the study explored methods to enhance accumulating capacity by replacing smaller diameter manifolds with larger ones and implementing blocking devices (back-flow barriers) in control wells to prevent wastewater from reaching the surface and to transfer wastewater flow from gravity-flow to pressurized mode. In order to investigate the accumulating capacity of existing gravity-flow collectors in the sewerage handling area to maintain operations during a 6-hour pump station shutdown resulting from an accident, the sewerage pumping station-18 (SPS-18) in Irkutsk was taken as an example. On the basis of the performed calculations, it is suggested that five control wells be equipped with blocking devices in order to increase the accumulating capacity of the gravity-flow network to the required levels. The article offers a methodology for calculating and developing the required accumulating capacity of the designed, existing, and reconstructed sewer systems. The research findings can be useful for updating the development plan for the water supply and wastewater disposal systems of the city.
Testing of metal waterstops for waterproofing tack welds
Authors: Vasilev A. V. , Savvateev V. A. , Fomin N. I. , Antipin V. V.
Published: December 2023

The existing information on the study and application of tack weld metal waterstops in Russian construction practice is limited. The authors of the present paper investigate the operation and effectiveness of metal waterstops designed for waterproofing tack welds. An experimental study of metal waterstops made of zinc-coated sheets and installed in a factory-fabricated capacitive monolithic reinforced concrete structure was conducted. In order to provide different exposure conditions for a waterstop, a vessel structure was manufactured with two split-level tack welds on its perimeter. As a result of filling the vessel with water and monitoring the waterstops through special cavities, it was determined that the waterstops mounted with epoxy glue did not provide sufficient sealing, unlike those mounted with a silicone sealant. In addition, some technological advantages and disadvantages of metal waterstops were experimentally revealed. The disadvantages included a relatively high labor intensity of their installation, in particular, joining the elements along the length. The main technological advantage consisted in the inherent rigidity of the product. Further research should investigate the chemical behavior of the waterstop metal in the concrete body. To this end, the steel behavior under increased water pressure and the influence of the waterstop geometry and the chemical activity of the "structural concrete – waterstop metal" complex on the value of the hydrostatic pressure resistance limit should be elucidated.
Design forecasting of serviceability of structures in harsh climatic conditions
Authors: Pinus B. I.
Published: December 2023

By using system analysis, which examines the physical laws of the interaction between external low-temperature environments and reinforced concrete structures, along with their resulting consequences, a graphical-analytical algorithm is proposed in order to adjust the standard functional relationships of serviceability indicators, thereby ensuring the required reliability within the designated service life. The analysis of structural behaviour was carried out through a dynamic model, which involves a combination of static tests at different stages of standardized low-temperature actions. In this case, the time factor was analysed in the form of a relative (to the frost-resistance grade) number of cycles, enabling the statistical compilation of various tests. The controlled reliability parameters were substantiated by the methods of statistical analysis with due regard for the variability of all the parameters within the standard criteria models. Here, their sensitivity and representativeness were assessed using approved probabilistic forecast methods. The technical and economic feasibility of the proposed approach for adjusting the parametric reliability of bending reinforced concrete structures was experimentally confirmed. Statistically significant experimental studies were carried out with automatic registration of all significant resistance parameters during various stages of fatigue-induced structural transformations of the elements intended for arctic service. A catalogue, containing graphical relationships of ultimate tensile strength values for bending elements within dispersion fields at different levels of reinforcement and under varying temperature-humidity climatic conditions, was compiled. The research findings confirm the significant influence of temperature and internal resistance on the parametric failures of structural elements having previously established reliability (probability).
Harmonic element method for calculation of operating safety of structures
Authors: Sobolev V. I. , Karmazinov D. A. , Chernigovskaya T. N.
Published: December 2023

The possibilities and efficiency of the use of the harmonic element method (HEM) for the determination of frequency characteristics for structures subjected to intensive dynamic effects are considered. This method allows the necessary values of frequencies for structural natural vibrations to be obtained by including the longitudinal forces influencing the bending vibrations of beam elements in the parameters of harmonic elements. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the frequencies of natural vibrations, whose variation within known limits offers the vibration or seismic protection of the structure, along with an assessment of its stability limits. The method considers beams with distributed inertial masses, concentrated masses, and solid bodies as harmonic elements, which allows the dynamic models of structures carrying technological equipment to be created. This approach avoids the need for constructing discretized models, which entail the estimation of discretization errors and various computational challenges. In the case of reinforced concrete structures, the necessary longitudinal forces can be generated by prestressing the reinforcement.
Optimization of microclimate parameters in sports frame and tent facilities
Authors: Shelekhov I. Yu. , Fedotova M. I. , Shelekhova A. I.
Published: December 2023

The paper considers measures to optimize energy costs in the heating of frame and tent facilities designed for sports events. Data on the available heating systems of temporarily used tent facilities are presented. It is shown that climatic conditions for athletes and the audience in these facilities do not meet the existing standards in the vast majority of cases. The combination of two factors affecting the microclimate parameters, i.e., the usage frequency and the low thermal resistance coefficient of the enclosing structures, requires the application of new practices not only in the form of climate control equipment operation mode, but also in the form of new monitoring techniques. The paper presents the results of a study of microclimate parameters in a frame and tent facility when using new techniques and approaches to climate control systems and to the process of forming climatic conditions depending on the clothing and the type of work performed. The results show that the introduction of new control algorithms and the implementation of new ways of monitoring microclimate parameters can save up to 30% of thermal energy while providing favorable microclimate parameters throughout the entire room, with the room reaching steady-state heating mode more than twice as fast. For the development of physical education and sports, it is necessary to use structures that can be quickly assembled and put into operation. For these purposes, frame and tent facilities are the best option.
A Corpus-Based Cognitive Linguistic Analysis of Taste Words: The Case of English “Bitter” and Chinese Ku
Authors:   English Language Studies, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Ting Zhang , Lahlou Hicham ,   English Language Studies, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Azam Yasir ,   English Language Studies, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: December 2023

This study explores the polysemy of the word “bitter” in English and ku in Chinese. It examines the similarities and differences between their semantics and identifies the cognitive mechanisms that motivate their semantic expansion. The study attempts to answer two questions: (1) What are the similarities and differences between Chinese ku and English “bitter” in terms of meaning? (2) What cognitive mechanisms motivate meaning extensions of these two words? To this end, 汉语大词典 (Chinese Dictionary), 英汉大词典 (English-Chinese Dictionary), the British National Corpus (BNC) and BLCU Corpus Center (BCC) were employed. The two dictionaries were utilised to investigate the multiple meanings of the two terms, while the BNC and the BCC were employed to identify metaphors and metonymies in sentences. Theoretically, the study is informed by Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. The results showed that half of the meanings of “bitter” and ku overlapped, but there were still some differences. Their semantic expansion is motivated by both conceptual metonymy and conceptual metaphor. In addition, the words under investigation differ in the emotions expressed. English “bitter” is more negative, while Chinese ku is more positive. The present findings have important implications for education and cross-cultural communication in language.
Transient superconductivity in three-dimensional Hubbard systems by combining matrix-product states and self-consistent mean-field theory
Authors: Marten Svenja , Bollmark Gunnar , Köhler Thomas , Manmana Salvatore R. , Kantian Adrian
Published: December 2023

We combine matrix-product-state (MPS) and mean-field (MF) methods to model the real-time evolution of a three-dimensional (3D) extended Hubbard system formed from one-dimensional (1D) chains arrayed in parallel with weak coupling in-between them. This approach allows us to treat much larger 3D systems of correlated fermions out-of-equilibrium over a much more extended real-time domain than previous numerical approaches. We deploy this technique to study the evolution of the system as its parameters are tuned from a charge-density wave phase into the superconducting regime, which allows us to investigate the formation of transient non-equilibrium superconductivity. In our ansatz, we use MPS solutions for chains as input for a self-consistent time-dependent MF scheme. In this way, the 3D problem is mapped onto an effective 1D Hamiltonian that allows us to use the MPS efficiently to perform the time evolution, and to measure the BCS order parameter as a function of time. Our results confirm previous findings for purely 1D systems that for such a scenario a transient superconducting state can occur.
Desenvolvimento de um aplicativo móvel como ferramenta facilitadora no processo de ensino em oftalmologia
Authors: Sarquis Ingrid Cavalcante , Nascimento Karla Angélica Silva do
Published: December 2023

O globo ocular apresenta diferenças funcionais e é muito sensível a agressões, exigindo atenção especial. Deve-se atentar às urgências oftalmológicas, que representam perigo de danos oculares, algumas vezes irreversíveis, devendo ser tratadas o mais rápido possível. Assim, buscou-se apresentar o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo móvel para orientar os médicos generalistas e oftalmologistas em condutas de urgências oftalmológicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de produção tecnológica para uso médico, quantitativa, descritiva e transversal. Durante a elaboração do aplicativo foi necessário aplicar um questionário com profissionais da área, visando a identificar o seu nível de contribuição nos diagnósticos em urgências oftalmológicas. Os resultados apontam respostas favoráveis ao aplicativo com enfoque nas condutas de urgências oftamológicas, com presença de imagens e de fácil manuseio. O aplicativo apresenta-se como uma ferramenta de ensino, bem como nos diagnósticos, prevenção de danos, monitoramento e controle de complicações em urgências oftalmológicas.
Aeration strategies and total nitrogen removal in a hybrid aerated treatment wetland
Authors: Miyazaki Caroline Kimie , Morvannou Ania , Higelin Elodie , Nivala Jaime , Molle Pascal
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the impact of aeration strategy on the performance of total nitrogen (TN) removal in a compact hybrid aerated treatment wetland (TW), called Rhizosph'air®. The system combines a single-stage French vertical flow wetland with an aerated horizontal-flow wetland, offering a unique and flexible approach for optimizing TN removal. In total, seven experimental conditions were tested, with different aeration modes, hydraulic loading rates and ammonium addition. The wetland system demonstrated high performance in terms of chemical oxygen demand removal (>85%) and solids removal (>90%), regardless of the experimental condition. However, TN removal was found to be directly impacted by operational changes. Increasing the hydraulic loading rate from 0.15 to 0.25 m/day led to an improvement in TN removal, achieving over 60%. Furthermore, when ammonium was added to the inlet and when the aeration timing was synced with the timing of the influent batch load, the environmental conditions facilitated the denitrification process, resulting in TN removal of approximately 70% and the lowest effluent NO3-N concentrations (8.70 ± 4.40 mg/L). In summary, the timing of the aeration strategy according to influent batch loading improved TN removal, suggesting its potential for optimization in future studies.
Adsorption efficiency of biochar produced by aquaculture by-products for removing geosmin in aquaculture environment
Authors: Cui Yadi , Chen Xi , Pitakrattanawong Chompoonuch , Du Xiaolu , Qiu Liping , Xu Huimin , Chen Jiazhang , Meng Shunlong , Fan Limin , Song Chao
Published: December 2023

Aquaculture produces numerous by-products like aquatic plants, algae, and nutrient-enriched sediment annually, which are often discarded as waste, are not environmentally friendly, and are harmful to the environment. In this study, aquaculture by-products were utilized to prepare moss biochar at 500, 700, and 800 °C (BC500, BC700, and BC800, respectively); Elodea biochar (WBC800) at 800 °C; and sediment biochar (SBC800) at 800 °C. Characterization and experimental results showed that BC800 had the best adsorption effect on geosmin (GSM) under the same conditions; when using BC800 to treat GSM solution with a pH of 7, the adsorption efficiency of GSM was high (97.08%) under the conditions of dosage of 1.0 g, temperature of 25 °C, and adsorption time of 2 min. Adsorption is a multimolecular layer process that involves both physical aspects of porous adsorption and connections between chemical bonds. Biochar, derived from aquaculture by-products, is utilized to eliminate odorous substances in aquaculture environments, thereby promoting resource recycling.
Eksploracja zagadnień ezoteryki i nowej duchowości. Raport z badań pilotażowych wśród studentów 2021/2022
Authors: Grzyb Mateusz , Jaworska Weronika
Published: December 2023

W ponowoczesnym społeczeństwie wszystko się zmienia, wszystko jest płynne, nawet duchowość. Nie zanika ona – jak głosiły tezy sekularyzacyjne – lecz się przeobraża. Obecny stan badań nad religią i religijnością nie obejmuje przeważnie całego obszaru badawczego, szczególnie pozainstytucjonalnego aspektu (duchowość poza sformalizowanymi wierzeniami „kościelnymi”). W ramach projektu badawczego wykonane zostało ilościowe badanie pilotażowe obejmujące 183 studentów. Respondenci podzieli się swoją „wiedzą ezoteryczną”, przekonaniami i wierzeniami, praktykami i ich powodami, teoriami o życiu po śmierci i definicjami Boga. Badanie to nie ma charakteru reprezentatywnego, lecz ma na celu wzbudzić dyskusję i zaproponować możliwe kierunki i sposoby dalszej eksploracji empirycznej nowej duchowości.
Synthetic 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and
Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells
Authors: Ekaterina Zhidkova , Daria Stepanycheva , Lyubov Grebenkina , Ekaterina Mikhina , Varvara Maksimova , Diana Grigoreva , Andrey Matveev , Ekaterina Lesovaya
Published: December 2023

Background::

A number of studies demonstrate the efficacy of ribavirin against various cancer
types in in vitro and in vivo models. However, ribavirin induces the development of multiple side effects,
suggesting a high demand for ribavirin analogues with improved therapeutic indexes.

Objective::

This study was focused on the analysis of ribavirin, its aglycon 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, and
several of its derivatives activities in blood cancer cells in vitro.

Methods::

Four 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. Antiproliferative
effects were evaluated in chronic myeloid leukemia cells К562 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
CCRF-SB as well as in the cells of whole blood mononuclear fraction of healthy volunteers by cell counting
using the trypan blue exclusion method. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis under the influence of the compounds
were analyzed by flow cytometry with PI staining, and then apoptosis data were confirmed by Western
blot analysis for PARP1 and caspase-3 cleavage.

Results::

We demonstrated the significant antiproliferative effect of 5-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-
carboxamide and 1-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxamide in leukemia cell lines in vitro in comparison
to non-transformed monocytes, providing the rationale for further studies of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide
derivatives as anti-leukemia drugs.

Conclusion::

These results implied that the 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives exhibited their antiproliferative
activities by induction of cell cycle arrest. Consequently, 5-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide
and 1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxamide may present antimetabolites with potential
anticancer efficacy.
Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy and Toxicity of a New Hybrid
Antimicrobial Peptide MY8
Authors: Alrabadi Nasr , Hamdan Maryam , Haddad Razan , Sabi Salsabeel H. , Masadeh Majed M. , Alzoubi Karem H. , Al-Batayneh Khalid M.
Published: December 2023

Background::

Antibiotics have led to significant advancements in medicine. Unfortunately, they
were faced with the emergence of pathogen resistance. According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial
resistance has been declared one of humanity's top ten global public health threats. The risk of those bacteria
is not only from their being resistant to multi-antibiotics but also from their ability to form biofilms, which
can be 1,000 times more resistant than planktonic bacteria.

Method::

This study used rational design to hybridize two antimicrobial peptides, aiming to enhance their efficacy
and stability with reduced toxicity.

Results::

The MY8 novel peptide was designed from the parent peptides BMAP-27 and CAMP 211-225. Some
amino acid modifications were introduced to the hybrid peptide to improve its physicochemical properties
guided by several software. Its antimicrobial activity has been studied against gram-negative and gram-positive
strains, which showed broad-spectrum activity with MIC values against planktonic bacteria ranging from
0.125 to 25 μM. In contrast, 25-200 μM were needed to eradicate biofilms. Moreover, the MY8 peptide
showed synergism with four conventional antibiotics., It also showed reduced toxicity against mammalian
cells and a slight hemolysis tendency towards erythrocytes.

Conclusion::

The design of the MY8 peptide was successful, resulting in a novel, potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial
peptide with reduced toxicity and possible synergism with conventional antibiotics.
PEGylation Strategy for Improving the Pharmacokinetic and Antitumoral
Activity of the IL-2 No-alpha Mutein
Authors: Díaz-Hernández Marianniz , Chang-Calderón Janoi , Álvarez Miguel Angel , Ruiz Ramírez Ingrid , Fernández Saez Olga Lidea , López Medinilla Armando , González Castillo Carlos Yordan , Diaz Borges Claudia , Lozada Chang Sum Lai , León Kalet , Carmenate Tania
Published: December 2023

Background::

In a previous work, an IL-2Rβγ biased mutant derived from human IL-2 and called
IL-2noα, was designed and developed. Greater antitumor effects and lower toxicity were observed compared
to native IL-2. Nevertheless, mutein has some disadvantages, such as a very short half-life of about 9-12 min,
propensity for aggregation, and solubility problems.

Objective::

In this study, PEGylation was employed to improve the pharmacokinetic and antitumoral properties
of the novel protein.

Methods::

Pegylated IL-2noα was characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography,
in vitro cell proliferation and in vivo cell expansion bioassays, and pharmacokinetic and antitumor
studies.

Results::

IL-2noα-conjugates with polyethylene glycol (PEG) of 1.2 kDa, 20 kDa, and 40 kDa were obtained
by classical acylation. No significant changes in the secondary and tertiary structures of the modified protein
were detected. A decrease in biological activity in vitro and a significant improvement in half-life were
observed, especially for IL-2noα-PEG20K. PEGylation of IL-2noα with PEG20K did not affect the capacity
of the mutant to induce preferential expansion of T effector cells over Treg cells. This pegylated IL-2noα
exhibited a higher antimetastatic effect compared to unmodified IL-2noα in the B16F0 experimental metastases
model, even when administered at lower doses and less frequently.

Conclusion::

PEG20K was selected as the best modification strategy, to improve the blood circulation time of
the IL-2noα with a superior antimetastatic effect achieved with lower doses.
Improving ADMET Prediction Accuracy for Candidate Drugs: Factors to Consider in QSPR Modeling Approaches
Authors: Chen Meilun , Yang Jie , Tang Chunhua , Lu Xiaoling , Wei Zheng , Liu Yijie , Yu Peng , Li HuanHuan
Published: December 2023

Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) employs mathematical and statistical methods to reveal quantitative correlations between the pharmacokinetics of compounds and their molecular structures, as well as their physical and chemical properties. QSPR models have been widely applied in the prediction of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). However, the accuracy of QSPR models for predicting drug ADMET properties still needs improvement. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the tools employed in various stages of QSPR predictions for drug ADMET. It summarizes commonly used approaches to building QSPR models, systematically analyzing the advantages and limitations of each modeling method to ensure their judicious application. We provide an overview of recent advancements in the application of QSPR models for predicting drug ADMET properties. Furthermore, this review explores the inherent challenges in QSPR modeling while also proposing a range of considerations aimed at enhancing model prediction accuracy. The objective is to enhance the predictive capabilities of QSPR models in the field of drug development and provide valuable reference and guidance for researchers in this domain.
Study of the Antihypertensive Effect of Scorzonera undulata ssp. deliciosa
in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Amssayef Ayoub , Ajebli Mohammed , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Aims:

The study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive activity of Scorzonera undulata
ssp. deliciosa.

Background:

Scorzonera undulata ssp deliciosa, locally known as “Guiz”, is used in traditional
medicine in Morocco as a diuretic and mainly against snake bites.

Objective:

This study investigated the possible antihypertensive effect of the aqueous extract of
Scorzonera undulata (AESU).

Material and Methods:

In the present study, the antihypertensive activity of AESU was tested
in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

Results:

The results indicated that AESU decreased the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial
blood pressure in hypertensive rats. The data revealed that AESU exerted its antihypertensive
effect through vasodilatory properties. Interestingly, the study demonstrated that the vasorelaxation
ability of AESU might be mediated through receptor-operated calcium channels (ROCCs).
However, AESU dhad effect on inhibiting ACE-2.

Conclusion:

The present study indicates the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities of AESU
in hypertensive rats.
An Extensive Review on Image Classification Techniques for Expert Systems
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Sharma Rajeev Kamal , Kansal Isha , Kumar Rajeev , Gill Rana
Published: December 2023

Picture categorization is a fundamental task in vision recognition that aims to understand
and label an image in its entirety. While object detection works with the categorization and
placement of many elements inside an image, image classification often pertains to photographs
containing a single object. The development of sophisticated parallel computers in tandem with
the introduction of contemporary remote sensors has fundamentally changed the picture categorization
theory. Various algorithms have been created to recognise objects of interest in pictures and
then categorise them and practise. In recent years, a number of authors have offered a range of
classification strategies. However, there are not many studies or comparisons of classification
techniques in soft computing settings. These days, the use of soft computing techniques has improved
the performance of classification methods. This work explores the use of soft computing
for image classification for various applications. The study explores further details regarding new
applications and various classification technique types. To promote greater study in this field, important
problems and viable fixes for applications based on soft computing are also covered. As a
result, researchers will find this survey study useful in implementing an optimal categorization
method for multiple applications.
TALIS 2018: Análise comparativa da qualidade da educação em Portugal em relação à média dos países da OCDE, segundo os professores e os diretores de Escola
Authors: Mascarenhas Daniela , Rosa Vítor , Sampaio Maia João
Published: December 2023

O Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) é um estudo coordenado pela Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE) sobre ensino, aprendizagem, ambiente na sala de aula e condições de trabalho dos docentes e diretores escolares do 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB), a partir das suas opiniões e relatos. Neste artigo, desenvolvemos uma análise quantitativa sobre os resultados de Portugal, comparando-os com a média dos países da OCDE. Tivemos como base os valores obtidos nos 61 indicadores quantificados nas dez áreas definidas nos dois relatórios da OCDE sobre o TALIS 2018, bem como a perspetiva da OCDE quanto à influência desses indicadores na melhoria da qualidade da educação. Verificámos que: a) para os professores portugueses, o número de indicadores desfavoráveis à melhoria da qualidade da educação é muito superior ao número de indicadores favoráveis, tanto nas áreas referentes a competências e conhecimentos básicos como nas referentes a prestígio, responsabilidade e autonomia; b) para os diretores portugueses, o número de indicadores desfavoráveis é superior ao de indicadores favoráveis no total de todas as áreas. Concluímos que, segundo os diretores e docentes (em especial estes), o panorama educativo do 3.º CEB em Portugal se situa muito abaixo da média dos países da OCDE, em relação à potencialidade de melhoria da qualidade de educação neste nível educativo.
Immunomodulatory Benefits of Probiotic Bacteria: A Review of Evidence
Authors: Adejumo Samson Adedeji , Oli Angus Nnamdi , ROWAIYE Adekunle Babajide , IGBOKWE Nwamaka Henrietta , EZEJIEGU Chinelo Kene , YAHAYA Zwanden Sule
Published: December 2023

Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as a viable medical tool for preventing and/or treating diseases. This narrative review provides recent findings on Probiotics and their benefits on the host immune system. It also highlights the specific mechanisms through which probiotics mediate those benefits. The study also explores the topical or systemic probiotic administration method. Authors screened databases like Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, using various keyword combinations such as: “probiotic” AND “Immunomodulation” OR “probiotic” AND “Immunoregulation” OR “probiotic” AND “Immunostimulation”, for relevant literature written in English only. The review shows that probiotics can regulate the host immune system, including regulating T cells, dendritic cells, intestinal epithelial cells, and several signal pathways, and confer health benefits. Although several clinical trials also revealed the prospects and efficacy of probiotics as immunomodulators and treatment of diseases, there is a need for thorough future investigations on the effectiveness of specific strains of probiotics involved in immunomodulation.
Active constituents and their therapeutic and pharmacological role in the most used herbs in Basrah
Authors: Hantoosh Neamah Wurood , Ali Hasan Fatimah , Mosa Essaa Wageeha
Published: December 2023

Basrah is a southern Iraq governorate bordering Kuwait to the south and Iran to the east. It is the second population city in Iraq after Baghdad. Via the directed questionnaire to 22 herbalists, a list of medicinal herbs used in ascending order by the flock in a city was obtained. The five most used herbs on the list head are Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Nigella sativa (black seed), Anchusa italica (Italian bugloss), Pimpinella anisum (anise), and Trigonella foenum graecu (fenugreek). GC\MS analysis of the first five herbs displayed numerous remarkable constituents, including N-Hexadecanoic acid, Thymoquinone, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl ester, 5- Hydroxymethylfurfural, Anethole, Vitamin E, Campesterol, Stigmasterol, and gamma.-Sitosterol that elucidate the purpose from a comprehensive utilization of these herbs by folk in the city. A current study adds a new input to the database. It exhibits an integrative investigation of Basrah governorate’s most used medicinal herbs, their constituents, and their therapeutic and pharmacological role.
Keywords: Basrah, Constituents, GC/MS, Herbs, Pharmacology role, Therapy role
Evaluation of the quality of potable water in Al-Rusafa side, Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Aldhamin Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Safe drinking water is essential for the present and future generations' health. This study aims to assess drinking water quality in Baghdad's Al-Rusafa neighborhood. Water samples were taken from 32 neighborhoods on this side. The quality of the examined potable water samples differed depending on the water source. This investigation's pH, chlorine, EC, TDS, TSS, Cd, and Pb levels were below acceptable ranges. TDS levels in Al-Mada'in are more significant than acceptable (>600ppm) water levels. Bacteria have polluted six communities (Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella). Bacterial quality of drinking water and gram-negative bacteria resistant to chlorine in Baghdad's municipal water supply. Regarding pH, the water quality, EC, TDS, TSS, Pb, and Cd of Al-Rusafa neighborhoods were within the recommended limits of WHO and the Iraqi drinking water standards.
Keywords: Safe drinking water; contaminated bacteria; Baghdad city; healthcare; pH; Temperature.
Evaluation of the growth efficiency of some citrus rootstocks for spraying melatonin growth regulator under salt stress conditions
Authors: Al-Mousawi Muntadher , Al-Tamimi Harith
Published: December 2023

This research was conducted to determine the impact of spraying the increased regulator melatonin on the tolerance of some citrus roots to salt stress. The results showed that the Sour Orange root was significantly superior to the rest of the citrus rootstocks and recorded the highest increase in the rate (Height, diameter, quantity, and area of leaves for the plant), while the root Volkamer lemon was significantly the best by recording the highest rate of arid mass of the root system and plant life. Furthermore, irrigation with electrical connection water (1.7 sec.m-1) led to obtaining the highest values ​​for vegetative plant girth growth characteristics (plant girth, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of the vegetative and root system and root length). Moreover, treatment with the growth regulator melatonin at a concentration of (100 mg.L-1) showed the most significant percentage in the trait (plant height, diameter of the stem, number of leaves, size of the leaves, and dry weight of the vegetative both root system and root length). As well as the binary and triple interactions between these study factors led to a clear significant superiority in the studied traits compared to the comparison treatment, as the triple interaction treatment (Sour Orange root + melatonin at 100 mg. l-1 as the concentration+ salinity of irrigation water at a concentration of 1.7 decimens.m-1) was the most significant treatment by giving the highest increase in the rate of vegetative characteristics. Finally, the treatment (rootstocks Volkamer lemon + melatonin at 100 mg.l-1 as the concentration + salinity of irrigation water at a concentration of 1.7 dm. m-1) recorded the highest rate of length and weight of the root when it is a dry system.
Keywords: melatonin; rootstocks; salinity
First report of Alternaria alternata associated with spot blotch of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Iraq.
Authors: AlMasoodi Itlal , Hameed Zainab , Lahuf Adnan
Published: December 2023

A field survey was conducted during the barley growing season 2019 in the Karbala Province of Iraq. Barley plants with severe leaf spot symptoms were collected from several barley fields. The associated fungus was isolated and purified from those symptomatic leaves. The fungus colonies were aeriform mycelia in grey to black color. Conidia observed that they were light to dark brown and formed different-length chains. The causal agent was confirmed as Altenaria alternata via the PCR amplification and sequencing of the rDNA-ITS region, actA, and tef1 genes. Pathogenicity test showed that A. alternata isolated was pathogenic by producing light to dark brown spots on barley foliage. This is the first record of this pathogen causing Alternaria spot blotch on barley crops in Iraq.
Keywords: Alternaria alternata; leaf spot; Hordeum vulgare; Pathogenicity assessment; Phylogeny analysis.
Effectiveness of Telemonitoring in Reducing Hospitalization and Associated Costs for Patients With Heart Failure in Finland: Nonrandomized Pre-Post Telemonitoring Study
Authors: Kokkonen Jorma , Mustonen Pirjo , Heikkilä Eija , Leskelä Riikka-Leena , Pennanen Paula , Krühn Kati , Jalkanen Arto , Laakso Jussi-Pekka , Kempers Jari , Väisänen Sami , Torkki Paulus
Published: December 2023

Background

Many patients with chronic heart failure (HF) experience a reduced health status, leading to readmission after hospitalization despite receiving conventional care. Telemonitoring approaches aim to improve the early detection of HF decompensations and prevent readmissions. However, knowledge about the impact of telemonitoring on preventing readmissions and related costs remains scarce.

Objective

This study assessed the effectiveness of adding a telemonitoring solution to the standard of care (SOC) for the prevention of hospitalization and related costs in patients with HF in Finland.

Methods

We performed a nonrandomized pre-post telemonitoring study to estimate health care costs and resource use during 6 months on SOC followed by 6 months on SOC with a novel telemonitoring solution. The telemonitoring solution consisted of a digital platform for patient-reported symptoms and daily weight and blood pressure measurements, automatically generated alerts triggering phone calls with secondary care nurses, and rapid response to alerts by treating physicians. Telemonitoring solution data were linked to patient register data on primary care, secondary care, and hospitalization. The patient register of the Southern Savonia Social and Health Care Authority (Essote) was used. Eligible patients had at least 1 hospital admission within the last 12 months and self-reported New York Heart Association class II-IV from the central hospital in the Southern Savonia region.

Results

Out of 50 recruited patients with HF, 43 completed the study and were included in the analysis. The hospitalization-related cost decreased (49%; P=.03) from €2189 (95% CI €1384-€2994; a currency exchange rate of EUR €1=US $1.10589 is applicable) during SOC to €1114 (95% CI €425-€1803) during telemonitoring. The number of patients with at least 1 hospitalization due to HF was reduced by 70% (P=.002) from 20 (47%) out of 43patients during SOC to 6 (14%) out of 43 patients in telemonitoring. The estimated mean total health care cost per patient was €3124 (95% CI €2212-€4036) during SOC and €2104 (95% CI €1313-€2895) during telemonitoring, resulting in a 33% reduction (P=.07) in costs with telemonitoring.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the telemonitoring solution can reduce hospital-related costs for patients with HF with a recent hospital admission.