bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the predictors of short duration of marriage to divorce
Authors: Motsima Tshaudi
Published: February 2025

Generically, couples marry with the intention of staying together for as long as they both live, but some couples divorce before the end of the time span of this commitment. Divorce has negative consequences that can cause strains that may persist over a long time for the divorced couples and minor children from the marriage. This study investigated the predictors of short duration of marriage to divorce in South Africa. This study used the marriage and divorce data for divorce cases whose divorce decrees were granted in 2022. These data were representative of the entire country and were consolidated by Statistics South Africa. The Weibull Accelerated Failure Time model was used to determine the predictors of short duration of marriage to divorce. It was found that the number of children in the marriage, Black/African couples, customary marriage, and civil-union couples, husbands, and wives who were widowed or divorced at the beginning of their recent respective marriages had statistically significantly shorter durations of marriage to divorce than their respective counterparts. Black/African couples should seek advice from the elders of both the husband’s and wife’s families when they have marital disputes before considering professional help from therapists and psychologists. Therapists and marriage counsellors should use the findings of this study to help them to design intervention programmes and counselling strategies tailored to the specific risk factors contributing to divorce. Regarding customary marriage, the elders should not enforce arranged marriages to their children.
The effects of dietary fat on gut microbial composition and function in ovarian cancer
Authors: AlHilli Mariam M. , Sangwan Naseer , Myers Alex , Tewari Surabhi , Lindner Daniel J. , Cresci Gail A.M. , Reizes Ofer
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The gut microbiome (GM) is pivotal in regulating inflammation, immune responses, and cancer progression. This study investigates the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) and a high-fat/low-carbohydrate (HF/LC) diet on GM alterations and tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (EOC).
Methods: Thirty female C57BL/6J mice injected with KPCA cells were randomized into KD, HF/LC, and low-fat/high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) diet groups. Tumor growth was monitored with live, in vivo imaging. Stool samples were collected at the time of euthanasia and analyzed by 16SrRNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to identify differential microbial taxonomic composition and metabolic function.
Results: Our findings revealed that KD and HF/LC diets significantly accelerated EOC tumor growth compared to the LF/HC diet in a xenograft model. GM diversity was markedly reduced in KD and HF/LC-fed mice, correlating with increased tumor growth, whereas LF/HC-fed mice showed higher GM diversity. Metagenomic analyses identified distinct alterations in microbial taxa including Bacteroides, Lachnospiracae bacterium, Bacterium_D16_50, and Enterococcus faecalis predominantly abundant in HF/LC-fed mice, Dubsiella_newyorkensis predominantly abundant in LF/HC-fed, and KD fed mice showing a higher abundance of Akkermansiaand Bacteroides. Functional pathways across diet groups indicated polyamine biosynthesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways were enriched in HF/LC-fed mice.
Conclusions These results highlight the intricate relationship between diet, the gut microbiome, and tumor metabolism. The potential role of dietary interventions in cancer prevention and treatment warrants further investigation.
Comparison of Bone Mineral Density And Treatment Initation Among Treatment-Naive Post-Menopausal Women with Distal Radius Fracture and Without: A Case-Control Study from Southern Europe
Authors: Giannatos Vasileios , Tatani Irini , Stathopoulos Konstantinos , Argyropoulou Evangelia , Galanos Antonios , Panagopoulos Andreas
Published: February 2025

Objectives
To compare bone mineral density (BMD), FRAX scores, comorbidities, risk factors and biochemical blood markers among postmenopausal women with distal radius fractures and those without such fractures.
Materials and Methods
63 postmenopausal women with distal radius fractures were compared to 64 postmenopausal women with no history of fractures. Primary objectives included comparing BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, as well as FRAX scores between the two groups. Secondary goals involved assessing comorbidities, risk factors, and biochemical blood markers (Ca + 2, albumin, PTH, VItD) between the two groups.
Results
BMD and T-scores for the hip and lumbar spine were compared between groups, revealing no statistically significant differences. However, FRAX scores (Major & Hip) differed significantly in the fracture group (p = 0.005), aligning with expectations that a previous fracture elevates the FRAX risk for future fractures. Biochemical markers were similar between the two groups, except for Vitamin D. Among risk factors and comorbidities, only multi-drug regimens and epileptic seizures were significantly higher in the fracture group.
Conclusion
Our study found similar BMD between the two groups. Nonetheless, a lower FRAX in the fracture group necessitates increased consideration for osteoporosis treatment. Multiple-drug regimens and lower vitamin D levels were also linked to the fracture group.
Optimizing and Predicting Track Quality in Multilayer Laser Melting of Inconel 718: A Numerical, Experimental and Machine Learning Approach
Authors: KURIAN ANTONY , JOSE BIBIN , VARGHESE JINA , SHAH ADITHYA BHARATH , ANTONY GEORGE , CHRIS V S , AHAMMAD YASEEN
Published: February 2025

In this paper multilayer fabrication of Inconel 718 using SLM, a widely used additive manufacturing technique was conducted. The quality of the fabricated tracks is dependent on laser power, scanning speed and beam diameter. The effects of these parameters during SLM process were investigated by numerical analysis as well as by experimentation to determine the optimized set of parameters. However, process optimization using experimentation and simulation is expensive as well as time consuming. Therefore, in addition, two machine learning models have been trained to predict the width and height of the fabricated tracks based on the parameters. By numerical analysis, the variation in temperature distribution was determined by varying these parameters and the effect of these parameters was validated experimentally. The effect of these parameters on the geometry, morphology of the track was analyzed by utilizing tools such as macroscope, SEM and EDAX. Among the two ML models, linear regression models demonstrated superior predictive accuracy with less error compared to RNN models.
A Novel Approach to Glaucoma Detection: Leveraging Fourier Transform, Structural Similarity Index, and Self-Supervised Learning
Authors: Frasca Maria , Lin Jianyi , Torre Davide La
Published: February 2025

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent vision loss, but the often asymptomatic nature of the disease and the complexity of clinical signs make timely detection challenging. Advanced ocular imaging technologies, such as optical coherence tomography and fundus photography, offer new diagnostic opportunities but generate complex and voluminous data requiring significant expertise for interpretation. Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing this field, enabling efficient data analysis and supporting physicians in early risk identification and disease monitoring. In this article, we present a comprehensive approach that combines advanced image preprocessing techniques with artificial intelligence (AI) models to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of glaucoma. Using the REFUGE2 dataset, we implemented the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) for image preprocessing, leveraging the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm for computational efficiency. This approach effectively preserved visual features, achieving SSIM values of 0.9225 for training, 0.8637 for validation, and 0.8247 for testing. For classification, we employed various models, including Masked Image Modeling (MIM) and Masked Autoencoder (MAE), combined with self-supervised learning techniques such as SimCLR. This multi-model approach allowed us to explore different perspectives in image analysis, achieving an accuracy of 90.06\% with MIM and 90.14\% with MAE on preprocessed images, surpassing the results obtained with non-preprocessed data. Moreover, the MIM model demonstrated a strong discriminative capability, highlighted by an AUC-ROC of 0.9298, a precision of 0.8154, and an F1-score of 0.6998. The results show that combining advanced preprocessing with Transformer neural networks can significantly improve efficiency and diagnostic accuracy in the early detection of glaucoma. This approach offers a scalable and robust method for disease management, contributing to improvements in traditional clinical practices.
Cross-sectional area of posterior extensor muscles of cervical spine in asymptomatic subjects: a 20-year longitudinal MRI study
Authors: Izumida Hiroyuki , Daimon Kenshi , Umezawa Hitoshi , Michikawa Takehiro , Fujiwara Hirokazu , Okada Eijiro , Nojiri Kenya , Katoh Hiroyuki , Shimizu Kentaro , Ishihama Hiroko , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Watanabe Kota
Published: February 2025

Few studies have investigated long-term changes in the posterior extensor muscles of the cervical spine in healthy subjects. Therefore, we used MRI to investigate changes in the posterior extensor muscles in healthy subjects over 20 years. The subjects of this study were 55 volunteers with an average follow-up period of approximately 20 years. The axial images of the C3/4, C4/5, and C5/6 levels from the initial scan and scans taken 20 years later were evaluated and compared for the following: the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the multifidus, semispinalis cervices, semispinalis capitis, and splenius capitis muscles, along with left-right differences, gender differences, influence of age, and muscle fatty degeneration of each muscle. The mean CSAs of the posterior extensor muscles significantly increased at C3/4 and significantly decreased at C5/6 over 20 years. The CSA of posterior cervical extensor muscles always tended to be greater on the left side than on the right side and was significantly larger in men than in women at all levels. The fatty degeneration increased significantly at all intervertebral levels. The decrease in the CSA was significantly associated with smoking status (relative risk: 2.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.32–3.63, p < 0.01), but not with clinical symptoms.
Biomechanical Finite Element Analysis of Short and Long Implants In Resorbed Maxillary Posterior Region
Authors: Dinçer Nisa Nur , Dinçer Ammar Tarık , Öncü Elif
Published: February 2025

Objectives
This study aimed to analyze different implant treatment concepts in maxillary posterior region. The effects of using short or long implants, with or without bone graft, are investigated in terms of strength and integrity.
Materials and Methods
Three different 3D models were generated from a CBCT scan: SI (short implant), LISG (long implant after sinus lifting with graft) and LIS (long implant after sinus lifting without graft). After integrating necessary implant parts, models were analyzed by FEM. The resultant stress values in the cortical and cancellous bones are evaluated by applying vertical and oblique forces. Implant parts are also investigated in terms of integrity and stability. Treatment concepts are compared depending on the FEA results.
Results
FEA demonstrated that short implants resulted in higher stress concentrations within the peri-implant bone compared to long implants. The maximum principal stress values in cortical bone were 100 MPa (tensile) and 133 MPa (compressive), while cancellous bone exhibited 14 MPa (tensile) and 16 MPa (compressive), all within physiological limits. Long implants, with or without grafts, significantly reduced stress levels compared to short implants. There were significant reductions for both compression and tensile stresses in the long implant concepts. Stress distribution patterns indicated that oblique loading led to increased palatal stress concentration.
Conclusions
Although the stresses occurring in the short implant concept are higher under both masticatory loading conditions, the results obtained for both short and long implant concepts remain within physiological limits where the bone can maintain its continuity without deformation.
Clinical Relevance
Short implants are biomechanically viable alternatives when augmentation is not feasible, provided that stress thresholds remain within safe limits.
The Molecular Landscape of Non-functional Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Jentus Maaia Margo , Corver Willem E , Snel Marieke , Haalen F. M. , Wezel Tom , Ruano Dina , Kapiteijn Ellen , Crobach Stijn , Appelman-Dijkstra Natasha M , Schepers Abbey , Morreau Hans
Published: February 2025

Non-functional parathyroid carcinoma (NFPC) is an exceptionally rare malignancy, with ± 50 reported cases since the description of the parathyroid glands in late 19th century. Unlike functional parathyroid carcinomas (PC), which present with extreme hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and are monitored using calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, monitoring of patients with non-functional parathyroid carcinoma only relies on imaging. In this study, we present two novel cases of primary NFPC, alongside a comprehensive review of the literature including a detailed analysis of immunohistochemical and molecular testing. We discuss the potential causes of a non-functional state in PC. One primary NFPC showed no immunohistochemical PTH expression, however low positive PTH mRNA expression was repeatedly detected in the tumor. Furthermore, medullary thyroid carcinoma, non-medullary thyroid carcinoma, paraganglioma or other head and neck tumors were excluded. The second case showed patchy residual PTH expression immunohistochemically. Both tumors exhibited extensive whole chromosome losses, a near-haploid genome and subsequent endoreduplication/genome doubling. The diagnosis of primary non-functional parathyroid carcinoma PC can be challenging, especially in cases with negative PTH immunohistochemical staining.
Protein profiling of extracellular vesicles from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Iwahara Naotoshi , Muraoka Satoshi , Saito Taro , Hirano Masayo , Yokokawa Kazuki , Tanemoto Masanobu , Oda Ryosuke , Nonaka Takayuki , Suzuki Shuuichirou , Adachi Jun , Hisahara Shin
Published: February 2025

Background
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles that are released into the extracellular space and are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, the precise role of these vesicles in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to identify the distinctive characteristics of EVs associated with MS
Methods
EVs were isolated from CSF using phosphatidylserine affinity methods. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and EVs isolated from those CSF samples collected from a discovery cohort of 10 patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and 10 patients with MS. In addition, mass spectrometry was used to analyze EVs isolated from CSF samples in a validation cohort of 24 patients with OND, 38 patients with MS, and 14 patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).
Resultes
The results revealed notable increases in the levels of 33 proteins in the CSF samples and 100 proteins in the CSF-derived EVs from patients with MS in the validation cohort. Increases in the levels of ITGA4, ITGAX, MS4A1 (CD20), CD3E, CD4, and CD8A, which are marker proteins of lymphocytes and myeloid cells, including activated microglia and dendritic cells, were observed in the CSF-derived EVs in discovery cohort. The results of the validation cohort revealed that the levels of four proteins, ITGA4, ITGAX, MS4A1, and CD3E, were significantly greater in MS patients than in OND patients. Furthermore, the level of ITGAX was greater in the patients with confirmed disability worsening (CDW) than that of without CDW. The results of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan‒Meier analyses indicated that ITGAX levels in CSF-derived EVs may prove useful in predicting disease prognosis.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that CSF-derived EVs reflect immunologic changes in MS and other neuroimmune diseases. In addition, these results raise the possibility that changing in myeloid cells as well as lymphocytes may also play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. CSF-derived EVs may serve as indicators of MS disease severity and could be utilized as biomarkers in the future.
Impact of belt conveyor systems on patient waiting time and productivity in outpatient pharmacy settings: a comparative study
Authors: Nasarudin Siti Nur Su'aidah , Latif Nurhairani Abdul , Shukri Saidatul Sheeda Ahmad , Hamdan Sharifah Shafawati Syed Mohd , Kadir Hajar Atiqah Abdul , Ali Muhamad Fuad , Yahaya Abdul Haniff Mohamad
Published: February 2025

Background
The implementation of belt conveyor (BC) systems in outpatient pharmacy departments (OPDs) has been a national policy since 2009, aiming to streamline the dispensing process. However, limited evidence exists on their impact on OPD operations. This study aims to evaluate and compare the waiting time and productivity of OPDs with and without BC systems.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 17 facilities with BC systems were compared with 17 facilities without BC systems. As pre-implementation data were unavailable, facilities were matched via propensity score matching (PSM) with a 1:1 matching technique without replacement. Post-matching data were analyzed via an independent t-test for productivity and a Mann-Whitney test for waiting time. A significance level of p < 0.05 was set to ensure reliable results.
Results
A total of 34 facilities were included in the analysis. For waiting time, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (U = 136.00 OR z = -0.327, p = 0.744). Similarly, productivity was not significantly different between facilities with BC systems (M = 3.60, SD = 1.192) and those without BC systems (M = 3.64, SD = 1.273); t(32)=-0.109, p = 0.914. These findings suggested that the use of the BC system did not significantly ncrease the waiting time or productivity in OPDs.
Conclusion
The study concluded that the implementation of a BC system alone did not improve productivity or reduce patient waiting time. The study also highlighted the importance of comprehensive planning and consideration of multiple factors when new technologies are introduced into OPD workflows.
High-Speed SHDAC Design for Hybrid ADCs by Integrating 3-bit Flash and 8-bit Sigma-Delta for Improved Resolution
Authors: Aruna Tadigiri , Yarrabothu Ravi Sekhar
Published: February 2025

In the realm of rapid analog-to-digital conversion, it is not without its challenges to accomplish both high resolution and high sample rates to a satisfactory degree. The purpose of this work is to introduce a novel approach that involves combining a 3-bit Flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with an 8-bit Sigma-delta (ΣΔ) ADC. The overall goal of the proposed work is to develop a High-Speed and Sample Hold-Digital-Analog Converter (SHDAC), which can operate on different voltage sampled ranges from 4 to 32 scales and generate sample frequencies ranging from 3 giga-samples per second (Gsps) to 14 Gsps. The collaborative approach to two types of ADCs heavily relies on the 3-bit Flash ADC for high-speed designs with rapid conversion rates, and the 8-bit Sigma-Delta ADC for oversampling and enhanced resolution features with reduced noise compatibility. By combining these two methods, the SHDAC is able to achieve a balance between speed and resolution, which is suitable for tasks that need a high level of digital communication and signal processing. The implementation of a digital scaling mechanism that dynamically alters the SHDAC's bit resolution based on the specified scalar, which may be 4, 8, 16, or 32 bits from the beginning, is the key to the design. This versatility enables the SHDAC to meet the requirements of a wide variety of applications, ranging from lower resolution images with faster sampling to higher resolution images with slower sampling. The proposed work with SHDAC implements a novel technique with an integrated design based on a front-end model with Verilog, which provides high-precise functionality of the ADC's with better scalability and adaptability, indicating the efficient power and sampling rates achieved from 3–14 Gbps and a power of 0.01 dynamic power for the SHDAC design, as verified in the Vivado tool.
Level Measurement in Petrochemical Reactors Using Radiometric Gauge with Cobalt-60 Source
Authors: de Jesus Ycaro
Published: February 2025

Level measurement, in the industrial context, involves monitoring liquid or solid contents to enable continuous process control such as buffering, mixing, dosing, or resistance management. Among the various technologies available, radiometric level measurement has become prominent for its reliability in challenging conditions like high temperatures, pressure, and abrasion. This paper presents a case study on maintaining measurement accuracy with a Cobalt-60 radiometric source after reaching its first half-life. It proposes a solution that prolongs source usability without compromising process safety, highlighting challenges and adjustments necessary in petrochemical reactors.
A Compact and Effective DGS based Smart Watch Antenna for Wi-Max Applications with SAR Estimation
Authors: V Mariselvam , Anandan M. , p Rajeswari , Akilarasu G. , A Murugan
Published: February 2025

This study provides a low-profile efficient broad band antenna for smart watches and wearable devices. The proposed antenna has printed on a low-cost FR4 substrate with overall dimension 30 x 30 x 0. 8mm3.With this small dimension, the proposed antenna is able to cover the future 5G frequency spectrum ranging from 3.3-3.7 GHz in 2:1 VSWR. The designed antenna has been fabricated and measured experimentally with good agreement between simulated and measured results. The design insight of the proposed antenna is explored by providing parametric analysis for the various dimension of the proposed antenna. The placement analysis of the antenna has been done after incorporating hand phantom in the simulation and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for 1g and 10g of human tissues are found to be lower than the values recommended by Federal Communication Commission (FCC). The antenna has peak gain up to 4 dBi with maximum radiation efficiency around 85 – 89 % in the desired operating frequency.
A Mineral Oil Plant Protection Product Improves Turfgrass Quality of Deficit Irrigated Bermudagrass
Authors: Xiang Mingying , Schiavon Marco , Orlinski Pawel , Baird James H.
Published: February 2025

Managing turfgrass in arid and semiarid areas of the southern United States is becoming increasingly challenging due to prolonged drought and diminishing water resources. Turfgrass managers have been seeking products that control pests while promoting drought resistance. CivitasTM Turf Defense is a new petroleum-derived spray oil (PDSO) mixed with green pigment. Like other traditional PDSO products, Civitas is reported to have positive effects on turfgrass pest control and management. However, limited information is available regarding its impact on water conservation in turfgrass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Civitas on bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) under deficit irrigation conditions. A 2-year study was conducted in Riverside, CA, USA, to evaluate the effect of Civitas on bermudagrass irrigated at 55% or 65% of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), which represented a 20% or 10% savings in water, respectively. Civitas was applied at 4.5 or 8.5 oz/1000 ft2 every two weeks (2019–20), and 8.5 oz/1000 ft2 every 3 weeks (2019 only), compared with an untreated control. Results show that Civitas improved bermudagrass quality under deficit irrigation at both rates, but the 3-week application interval was less effective compared with the 2-week application interval at either rate. Civitas applied at 8.5 oz/1000 ft2 every 2 weeks resulted in better turfgrass quality than the 4.5 oz/1000 ft2 rate in the first year only. Results suggest that using Civitas on bermudagrass can save up to 20% water while maintaining desirable turf quality.
A Review on some Medicinal Plants of North Eastern Terai Region of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Prajapati Kishan Kumar , Pandey Gunjan , Pandey Rakesh
Published: February 2025

The North Eastern Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, India, is a significant reservoir of medicinal plants long utilized by indigenous communities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the region's prominent medicinal flora, detailing their traditional uses, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and therapeutic applications. It underscores the ecological importance of the region as a biodiversity hotspot and the crucial role of local knowledge systems in preserving and utilizing these plants. Key species like Tinospora cordifolia, Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Withania somnifera are discussed alongside their traditional uses in Ayurveda, Unani, and folk medicine. The phytochemical analysis reveals bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, which confer medicinal and nutraceutical properties. Scientific studies highlight their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective effects, bridging traditional and modern healthcare practices. The review stresses the importance of scientifically validating traditional knowledge and implementing sustainable conservation measures to safeguard biodiversity and ensure the availability of these plants for future generations. Integrating traditional medicine with modern scientific approaches is emphasized for drug development and responsible resource management, highlighting the interconnectedness of natural resources and healthcare. Overall, the review serves as a valuable resource for understanding and harnessing the therapeutic potential of the region's medicinal plants while advocating for their conservation and responsible utilization.
Las infracciones marcarias y el artículo 243 de la Decisión 486 de 2000
Authors: Alarcón Peña Andrea , López Oliva José , Cardozo Hernández Lina María
Published: February 2025

El artículo presenta, desde una perspectiva descriptiva y crítica, los principales conflictos que, desde el juramento estimatorio como medio de prueba, se derivan de la estimación de los perjuicios en los procesos por infracción marcaria. Para lograr este cometido, el artículo presenta en primer lugar una aproximación al sistema de propiedad intelectual tradicional y las nuevas posibilidades que incluye. Posteriormente, se describen las marcas como signos distintivos que constituyen activos inmateriales de alto valor para las empresas y los mercados. Distingue entre nombre comercial, lema, enseña, razón social y pseudónimo como elementos que identifican prestaciones o personas y que deben ser diferenciados por los lectores. Finalmente, se describe el régimen normativo de infracciones a la propiedad industrial con énfasis en el régimen normativo de indemnización que permite analizar al juramento estimatorio como medio de prueba en las acciones por infracción marcaria.
Desarrollo humano, crisis ambiental y el papel del consumo
Authors: Flórez Alarcón Luis , Granada Echeverry Henry
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo ofrece un análisis sobre la relación entre el desarrollo humano, la crisis ambiental y el papel del consumo, abordando estas temáticas desde una perspectiva psicológica fundamen tada en el modelo bioecológico de Urie Bronfenbrenner. Argumentamos que el consumo, entendido como el motor del crecimiento económico en las sociedades capitalistas, se constituye también en un factor proximal que incide directamente en la crisis ambiental, la cual se presenta como un indicador negativo del desarrollo humano.
The ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre): Examining Gender-Based Approach in the 2018 Lombok Earthquake
Authors: Mardialina Mala , Anam Syaiful , Karjaya Lalu Puttrawandi , Hidayat Alfian , Lestari Baiq Ulfa Septi
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to examine the role played by The ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) as the disaster coordination agency in the ASEAN region in addressing gender-based approach in Lombok earthquake disasters in 2018. The research utilized a qualitative descriptive research design. The findings indicate that the activities of the AHA Centre following the Lombok earthquake were predominantly focused on emergency response efforts and lacked significant involvement in gender-sensitive initiatives, ultimately yielding a dual impact on women. Through this research, it was ascertained that the suboptimal integration of gender perspectives in disaster management exacerbates the societal marginalization of women. The absence of gender-informed disaster management is evidenced by non-gender-disaggregated victim data, logistic aid provision overlooking gender-specific needs, as well as mitigation efforts and information dissemination disregarding gender dynamics. Thus, it emphasizes the lingering absence of a gender-responsive disaster management framework. This raises questions considering that ASEAN, including the AHA Centre, has already implemented a responsive gender declaration in 2015, whereas the AHA Centre has yet to demonstrate the establishment and implementation of a gender-based framework, due to inconsistencies in motivations towards universal norms. This study suggests that a masculine approach to disaster management hinders gender-sensitive disaster response efforts. It employs the concepts of gender mainstreaming and gender sensitivity to examine both the AHA Centre's disaster response efforts and the necessary steps to implement gender-sensitive disaster management. This research constructs the notion that disaster management efforts conducted without gender sensitivity, regardless of their quality, will not be optimal or effective.
Lexical characteristics of scientific expert evaluation in the context of positive/negative review: a corpus study
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Beliaeva Larisa N. , Kamshilova Olga N. ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: February 2025

The article deals with lexical characteristics of review as part of norm-centric academic discursive practice. The focus is on the range of evaluation criteria proposed by journals to regulate the activities of one of the actors in expert academic communicative practice (reviewer), and on the connection between the general (positive/negative) evaluation of the article under review and the reviewer’s choice of lexical means. The material for study is a collection of reviews submitted to “Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Sciences” from 2019 to 2023. The procedure is based on the study of two comparable text corpora (positive/negative). It includes building frequency and alphabetical wordlists and lemma lists that provide evidence for quantitative analysis; extracting contexts for key linguistic units (KWIC), and studying the evaluative potential of lexical means in the aspect of expert academic communicative practice. The novelty of the research is due to the following: novel is the focus of treating review lexical composition in its general (positive/negative) context; novel is the application of quantitative analysis to lexical composition of review texts: it has demonstrated that the choice of lexical means is determined by the spectrum of universal academic criteria relevant for Russian academic discourse and by the institutional rules of reviewing established by journals and scientific foundations; it has proven that there is no direct relationship between the general evaluation and the distribution of lexical means; it has identified significant trends in the frequency of lexical and grammatical units, characterizing their functioning in review texts with different general evaluation.
Research schools and practice of text and discourse linguistic expertise: The problem of theoretical status
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Magirovskaya Oksana V. , Terekhova Anna A. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: February 2025

The article covers the issue of the theoretical status of linguistic expertise in the world’s leading
scientific traditions (Russian, American and British). It also considers the peculiarities of such practice in these countries. The review of the identified features of linguistic expertise is
presented for the first time. It is based on the criteria formulated within the framework of the research: 1) the attribution of the linguistic expertise to one of the scientific fields (linguistics and/or law) and its origin; 2) the nature of linguistic expertise; 3) the most frequent reasons for its application; 4) texts-objects of linguistic expertise; 5) the scope of interdisciplinary research in the field of linguistic expertise. The systematisation of theoretical knowledge on linguistic expertise traditions selected for the analysis is aimed at understanding the nature of
the process of text and discourse linguistic expertise and its main features. The relevance and scientific novelty of the present study are determined by the need for a systematised theory on the issue of the theoretical status, which is often noted by most researchers in this field, as well as by the lack of description of the place and role of linguistic expertise in Russian and foreign
scientific traditions and legal practices. The study shows that in different traditions linguistic expertise is considered both in a narrow and a broad sense and, thus, can be understood as a tool for legal proceedings, the process of finding the truth and a branch of applied linguistics focused on the peculiarities of language use by linguistic experts in judicial and pre-judicial contexts.
The ludic potential of free and bound semiotic resources in the postmodernist picturebook
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Chemodurova Zinaida M.
Published: February 2025

The paper offers a complex linguosemiotic, cognitive-discursive, and stylistic analysis of various semiotic resources which act synergetically and contribute to the emergence of a new type of children’s fiction, the so-called postmodernist picturebook. Picturebooks created at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries are examined. The paper hypothesizes a multimodal metafictional narrative as a new generic form of Metafiction, a wide-spread postmodernist literary genre. Postulated in this research as a type of postmodernist picturebooks, multimodal metafictional narrative is characterized by explicit ludic modality conditioned in the analyzed fiction by the creative use of free and bound semiotic resources and the cognitive mechanism of multimodal resonance, activated in postmodernist picturebooks. The category of ludic modality is manifested in multimodal metafiction through the visualization mechanism of the “authorial mask” and the visual foregrounding of “creative chronotopos”. The readers of such picturebooks, both young and adult, are transformed into “viewers” and co-creators navigating such multimodal fictional worlds. The paper identifies and describes constitutive features of the multimodal metafictional narrative, such as an introduction of multimodal peritextual elements triggering an explicit ludic effect, modelling an image of the illustrator as a new “co-author” of the book which enhances its physicality effect on the reader; a creative use of free semiotic resources involved in visualizing a topos of “extradiegetic addressee”. The findings of the research also reveal numerous functions of the multimodal resonance as a dynamic cognitive-discursive phenomenon in the multimodal metafiction: it plays a crucial role in the plot construction as well as carries out ludic and emotive functions.
Assessing variations in meteorological parameters using global climate model (GCM) outputs and artificial neural networks
Authors: Rahimi Niloufar , Maddah Mohammad Amin , Akhoond-Ali Ali Mohammad , Bahrami Mehdi
Published: February 2025

The present research examines the impact of climate change on meteorological parameters using global climate models (GCMs) and artificial intelligence, with a case study in Fars Province, Iran. In this study, the meteorological parameters of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, as well as 12 GCMs from the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), are utilized. A statistical downscaling model (multilayer perceptron neural network) is employed to extract climate change predictions under two scenarios, representative concentration pathway (RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5, for four synoptic stations (Shiraz, Abade, Fasa, and Lar), each representing different climatic regions. Correlation analysis is used to identify the most influential predictor variables for each meteorological parameter. The results indicate a projected increase in maximum temperature by up to 2.67 °C, which could significantly impact agricultural productivity in Fars Province. This finding is accompanied by minimum temperature ranges from 0.23 to 2.71 °C, solar radiation increasing by up to 1.91 MJ/m², and precipitation fluctuation between a decrease of 7% and an increase of 36.5%. These findings suggest that the region may face increased agricultural stress due to higher temperatures and variable precipitation patterns, necessitating adaptive strategies for sustainable water resource management.
Desenvolvimento de um framework para utilização do GR-Learning em problemas de otimização combinatória
Authors:   , Silva Alexsandro Trindade Sales da
Published: February 2025

A utilização de metaheurísticas para resolução de problemas de otimização combinatória per-tencentes à classe NP-Difícil vem se tornando cada vez mais comum, e segundo Temponi (2007 apud RIBEIRO, 1996) uma metaheurística deve ser modelada de acordo com o proble-ma que ela foi projetada para resolver. Isto na maioria vezes requer muitas alterações quando se tem que aplicar uma mesma metaheurística a diversos tipos de problemas de otimização combinatória. Neste trabalho foi proposto um framework para utilização de uma metaheurísti-ca híbrida proposta por Almeida (2014) que utilizou a metaheurística GRASP Reativo junta-mente com uma técnica de aprendizagem por reforço (denominada GR-Learning). Especifi-camente, o algoritmo Q-learning, que foi utilizado para aprender com o passar das iterações qual valor para o parâmetro α (alfa) utilizar durante a fase de construção da GRASP. O GR-Learning foi utilizado para resolver o problema dos p-Centros aplicado a Segurança Pública na Cidade de Mossoró/RN. Para validar a eficácia do framework proposto o mesmo foi utili-zado para resolver dois problemas clássicos de otimização combinatória: O Problema de Lo-calização de Hubs (do inglês Hub Location Problem - HLP) e o Problema de Corte e Estoque – PCE (do inglês Cutting Stock Problem - CSP). Para validação dos resultados obtidos foram utilizadas instâncias com resultados já conhecidos na literatura e adicionalmente foi criada uma instância com dados do setor aeroviário Brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o framework proposto foi bastante competitivo quando comparado a outros resultados de di-versos algoritmos já conhecidos na literatura, pois obteve o valor ótimo em quase todas as instâncias do HLP como também novos valores (melhores que os obtidos com outros algorit-mos já conhecido na literatura) para algumas instâncias do CSP.
Exploring Latest Expansions in Solid Lipid-based Nanoparticle Technology for
Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Lilhare Smita Devendra , Sakure Kalyani , Patel Anjali , Nagori Kushagra , Pathode Savitri Uttam , Ajazuddin  , badwaik Hemant
Published: February 2025

The field of cancer therapy has witnessed significant strides with the emergence of innovative drug
delivery systems and one such promising avenue is solid lipid-based nanoparticle (SLN) technology. This abstract provides a complete overview of current advances in developing SLNs for effective cancer treatment
solid lipid nanoparticles (NPs) represent a novel drug delivery platform characterized by their unique composition which includes biocompatible lipids as the main carrier material. This technology addresses challenges related to standard chemotherapy such as low bioavailability limited medicine stability and non-specific targeting. The incorporation of lipids in SLNs ensures enhanced drug encapsulation, protection of therapeutic agents
from degradation-controlled release profiles. Recent breakthroughs in SLN technology have focused on optimizing formulation parameters to achieve superior drug loading capacities stability and sustained release kinetics. Advanced fabrication techniques including high-pressure homogenization and microemulsion methods
have been pivotal in tailoring SLN properties for specific cancer types and therapeutic agents. Furthermore,
SLNs' capacity to passively build up in tumor tissues using increased penetration and retention effects has
been harnessed for targeted drug transport. Surface modifications using ligands or antibodies to facilitate active targeting, enhancing medication delivery's selectivity to tumor cells decreasing unwanted effects on normal tissues. This abstract highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of SLN-based formulations in enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of various anticancer agents. The versatile nature
of SLN technology makes it a viable option for the advancement of personalized and precision cancer therapies, marking a significant stride toward overcoming the limitations of conventional cancer treatments. As research in this domain progresses, the integration of SLNs holds immense potential for revolutionizing tumor
treatment strategies.
Bis(α-Cyanoacetamides): Versatile Intermediates for the Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic and Macrocyclic Molecular Systems
Authors: Sanad Sherif M.H.
Published: February 2025

This review examines the reactivity of bis(α-cyanoacetamides) attached to various spacers in producing
heterocyclic and macrocyclic molecules. Bis(α-cyanoacetamides) contain two electrophilic and three nucleophilic
sites, allowing for multiple coupling reactions. They are regarded as potent chemical reagents capable of
producing various heterocyclic derivatives with potential biological applications. The current review covers all
reports where bis(α-cyanoacetamides) are used to prepare heterocycles with mono-, bi-, and tricyclic rings. The
review is divided into sections based on the type of annulation system and the number of heteroatoms present.
We reviewed all available papers on synthesizing macrocyclic molecular systems using bis(α-cyanoacetamide).
The mechanistic postulates of some complex procedures are highlighted.
The Anti-lung Cancer Mechanism of Qingzao Jiufei Decoction was Studied based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental
Verification
Authors: Wen Xiaoli , Cai Fangyan , Tan Min , Zhang Ge , Zhang Xiang , Xie Lihua , Yao Ziheng , Liu Hongning
Published: February 2025

Background:

Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with both
its incidence and mortality rates ranking at the top position among all types of cancers, posing a serious
threat to human health. Qingzao Jiufei Decoction (QD) has been used clinically to treat lung cancer,
but its mechanism of action remains unclear.

Objective:

This study aims to elucidate the potential pharmacological mechanisms of QD in treating
LC through network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), and
animal experiment validation.

Methods:

Active components of QD were screened utilizing the TCMSP and HREB databases, and
potential targets were predicted using network pharmacology methods. Relevant targets for LC were
identified from the Genecards, OMIM, and TTD databases. Intersecting targets between QD and LC
were imported into the STRING 12.0 database and Cytoscape 3.10.0 software to create proteinprotein
interaction (PPI) network diagrams, and Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto
Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were conducted through
using the DAVID database to identify core active components and key targets. Molecular docking
was employed to assess the binding affinity of core active components with key targets in lung cancer,
and MDS was used to evaluate the stability of the target-active component complexes. An in vivo
lung cancer model was used to verify the therapeutic effects of QD, and Western blot analysis was
used to confirm the pharmacological mechanisms of QD in treating lung cancer.

Results:

Network pharmacology analysis has identified 9 core components and 9 key targets. GO and
KEGG analyses have revealed a total of 185 signaling pathways, with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
and MAPK signaling pathway being the two most significantly enriched pathways. Molecular
docking results showed that all 9 core components and 9 key targets exhibited significant binding activity
(binding energy < -5 kcal/mol). MDS study further simulated and confirmed strong and stable
interactions between targets and active components. In an in vivo lung cancer model, QD significantly
inhibited tumor growth, while Western blot analysis demonstrated that QD exerted its therapeutic effects
on lung cancer by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 in the MAPK signaling
pathway.

Conclusion:

This experimental study found that QD can significantly inhibit the growth of lung cancer
through a multifaceted approach involving various components, targets, and pathways, providing
a foundation for the development and clinical application of new drugs targeting lung cancer for QD.
Furthermore, it offers valuable insights into anti-tumor research with Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) and facilitates a more comprehensive interpretation of TCM principles through the lens of
modern science.