bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
True or False Memories of Sexual Abuse? A Forensic Psychiatric View
Authors: Gutheil Thomas G
Published: May 2014

Our field is at present engaged in a debate about memories of childhood abuse recovered in the course of psychotherapy of adults.
Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacotherapy: Progress and Pitfalls
Authors: Sylvester Carrie E , Kruesi Markus J P
Published: May 2014

The use of medications in the young requires special attention to nuances of risk versus benefit because data from carefully controlled studies are limited.
Treatment-Resistant Depression in the Age of Serotonin
Authors: Nierenberg Andrew A
Published: May 2014

SSRIs have become the de facto standard antidepressants.
Primrose Oil in the Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Is the Bloom Off the Rose?
Authors: Williams Katherine , Casper Regina
Published: May 2014

One of the proposed mechanisms of action of primrose oil in premenstrual dysphoric disorder is its hypothesized interaction with prolactin.
Mixed States: Issues of Terminology and Conceptualization
Authors: Davis John M
Published: May 2014

Confusion surrounding mixed affective states is confounded by the indiscriminate use of terms, as well as by a growing number of theoretical models that are yet to be clearly integrated.
The Utility of Guidelines and Algorithms for Practice
Authors: Klein F
Published: May 2014

The entire field of psychotherapy has blossomed with extraordinarily little in the way of proper randomized, placebocontrolled trials with independent evaluation.
Interventions for Hospitalized Addicted Patients Through Psychiatric Consultation
Authors: Spelman Juliet
Published: May 2014

Hospital consultation by psychiatrists to medical and surgical patients with suspected addiction problems is an opportunity for intervention and referral.
Assessment and Treatment of Depression in Schizophrenia
Authors: Siris Samuel G
Published: May 2014

A depression-like syndrome often occurs during the longitudinal course of patients with operationally diagnosed cases of schizophrenia.
Panic Attacks and Schizophrenia: Assessment and Treatment
Authors: Cutler Janis
Published: May 2014

The increased prevalence of panic attacks in schizophrenia appears to be consistent with current neurobiological understanding of both disorders.
Depression in Neurologic Diseases
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey L
Published: May 2014

Depression in neurologic diseases is usually phenomenologically indistinguishable from an idiopathic depressive disorder.
Treatment-Related Depression
Authors: Metzger Eran D , Friedman Rohn S
Published: May 2014

Medications from virtually every class of drug have been implicated in causing depression.
Accurate Assessment of Short-Term Suicide Risk in a Crisis
Authors: Forster Peter
Published: May 2014

The majority of studies in the field of suicide assessment describe the characteristics of patients with suicidal ideation, rather than focusing on characteristics of those who commit suicide.
Enjoy the New Year!
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

A good time to take stock as to how we are spending our precious time in this life, and adjust our priorities.
Healthy Pleasures, Lethal Pleasures
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Alcohol and cocaine can have toxic effects on our biological systems, but food we sustain ourselves with?
Yet Another Reason Only Physicians Should Prescribe Psychotropics
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Hyponatremia is a rare complication of pharmacologic treatment, but for those who have it or any side effect, the incidence is 100%.
The Intertwining of Medicine and Psychiatry: Here Comes HCV
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Physicians must be well-informed due to an overlapping of symptoms for mental and physical disorders.
The Time to Address Tobacco Dependence is Now
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Physicians and psychiatrists cannot continue to regard smoking as a patient's personal choice.
Aging and the Funnel of Life
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Learning to make the most of life, even the disappointments and downfalls, is an essential part of living.
A 25-year-old Man With Chronic Severe Depression
Authors: Wright Jesse H
Published: May 2014

When pharmacotherapy and basic psychotherapy are unsuccessful, clinicians should consider cognitive-behavioral therapy as a treatment option.
How Much Are You Going to Live This Year?
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Psychiatrists are in a unique position to reach out through clinical practice, research, and educational activities.
Clinical Ethics and the Culture of Expediency
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Restrictive formularies and managed care, among other changes, have had significant effects on clinicians' decisions.
Responding to Restrictive Formularies
Authors: Tennison Clifton R
Published: May 2014

In the face of pharmacologic limitations, physicians must focus on their primary duty - serving the needs of the individual patient.
Depression - A Systemic Disease
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Development and successful application of improved treatment should be a high priority.
Structured Assessment Methods May Improve Suicide Prevention
Authors: Mays David
Published: May 2014

Standard patient interview processes can mislead clinicians about acute risk factors.
Psychotherapy Lives!
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Medications have begun to dominate psychiatric treatment, but psychotherapeutic options should not be forgotten.
A 42-year-old Man With Symptoms of PTSD and Major Depression
Authors: Villarreal Gerardo
Published: May 2014

A combination of medication, psychotherapy, and life changes may be necessary to resolve continuing difficulties resulting from severe traumatic events.
New Analysis Tool Helps Clinicians Interpret Patient Response
Authors: Cassab Jorge E
Published: May 2014

The Therapist-Patient Interaction Rating Scale provides a different view of the progress and effects of psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
A 55-year-old Man With Extreme Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

The best option for acute suicide risk may not be available to the clinician.
Denial Versus Consciousness
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: May 2014

Consideration of our own death can result in greater awareness and appreciation for life and all it entails.
Disaster, Terrorism and Children
Authors: Joshi Paramjit T , Lewin Shulamit M
Published: May 2014

Addressing the effects of traumatic events on children and their families is critical to long-term recovery and resilience.
Evaluation and Posttreatment Monitoring of the Impaired Physician
Authors: Pomm Raymond M , Harmon Larry
Published: May 2014

A statewide program in Florida offers one multipronged approach to determining needs and assessing recovery status.
The Warm Line: A Telephone Counseling Service for Parents
Authors: Reid Helen
Published: May 2014

A telephone consultation service at a community mental health center is designed to help worried parents of infants and toddlers.
Carcinogens and Other Toxic Hazards: How Accurate Are Animal Studies?
Authors: Menzel Daniel B
Published: May 2014

Abbreviations in this article

DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid

FM: Fast metabolizer

MFO: Mixed-function oxidase system

PM: Poor metabolizer

PMA: 4-Methoxyamphetamine (a hallucinogen)

RNA: Ribonucleic acid
Non-Parametric Stakeholder Discovery
Authors: Cassel John Benjamin
Published: May 2014

This chapter provides a stakeholder discovery model for distributed risk governance suitable to machine learning and decision-theoretic planning. Distributed risk governance concerns when the underlying risk is not localized or has unknown locality so that any initial interaction with stakeholders is limited and educational and participatory initiatives are costly. Therefore, expecting the initial reaction to communications is critical. To capture this initial reaction, the authors sample the population of potential stakeholders to discover both their concerns and knowledge while handling inaccuracies and contradictions. This chapter provides a stakeholder discovery model that can accommodate these inconsistencies. Stakeholder discovery provides a timely strategic assessment of the risk situation. This assessment forecasts projected stakeholder actions to find if those actions are in line with their strategic interests or if there are better choices using reinforcement learning. Unlike other reinforcement learning formulations, it does not take the state space, criteria, potential observations, other agents, actions, or rewards for granted, but discovers these factors non-parametrically. Overall, this chapter introduces machine learning researchers and risk governance professionals to the compatibility between non-parametric models and early-stage stakeholder discovery problems and addresses widely known biases and deficits within risk governance and intelligence practices.
Continuous-Time Infinite Dynamic Topic Models
Authors: Elshamy Wesam , Hsu William H.
Published: May 2014

Topic models are probabilistic models for discovering topical themes in collections of documents. These models provide us with the means of organizing what would otherwise be unstructured collections. The first wave of topic models developed was able to discover the prevailing topics in a big collection of documents spanning a period of time. These time-invariant models were not capable of modeling 1) the time varying number of topics they discover and 2) the time changing structure of these topics. Few models were developed to address these two deficiencies. The online-hierarchical Dirichlet process models the documents with a time varying number of topics, and the continuous-time dynamic topic model evolves topic structure in continuous-time. In this chapter, the authors present the continuous-time infinite dynamic topic model that combines the advantages of these two models. It is a probabilistic topic model that changes the number of topics and topic structure over continuous-time.
Predictive Analytics in Digital Signal Processing
Authors: Weese Josh
Published: May 2014

Pitch detection and instrument identification can be achieved with relatively high accuracy when considering monophonic signals in music; however, accurately classifying polyphonic signals in music remains an unsolved research problem. Pitch and instrument classification is a subset of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) and automatic music transcription, both having numerous research and real-world applications. Several areas of research are covered in this chapter, including the fast Fourier transform, onset detection, convolution, and filtering. Polyphonic signals with many different voices and frequencies can be exceptionally complex. This chapter presents a new model for representing the spectral structure of polyphonic signals: Uniform MAx Gaussian Envelope (UMAGE). The new spectral envelope precisely approximates the distribution of frequency parts in the spectrum while still being resilient to oscillating rapidly and is able to generalize well without losing the representation of the original spectrum.
Biometric Authentication
Authors: Voloshin Misha
Published: May 2014

User authentication is the keystone of information security. Even the most craftily built and diligently monitored computer system will crumble if there is a flaw in its user authentication system(Minaev, 2010). A hacker able to exploit such a flaw will be able to convince the computer system that he is a legitimate user – possibly even a specific legitimate user, entitled to all of the abilities to read or modify that user's data, or implicate that user in misdeeds that could lead to personal or professional harm. A hacker could even impersonate the system administrator herself, giving the hacker the ability to not only access all of that system's data but also to subvert the very same network monitors and automated alerting systems that would notify the real administrator of the hacker's activity(occupytheweb, 2013). This chapter introduces a mechanism that an administrator can use for increasing the strength of a computer's user authentication system and triggering a lockout and/or emailing an alert if an impostor is suspected to be accessing a user's account. It works by measuring the time intervals between keystrokes as a user types, relying on the fact that most individuals have distinct and identifiable typing patterns that can be discerned through statistical analysis.
Overview of Predictive Modeling Approaches in Health Care Data Mining
Authors: Soni Sunita
Published: May 2014

Medical data mining has great potential for exploring the hidden pattern in the data sets of the medical domain. A predictive modeling approach of Data Mining has been systematically applied for the prognosis, diagnosis, and planning for treatment of chronic disease. For example, a classification system can assist the physician to predict if the patient is likely to have a certain disease, or by considering the output of the classification model, the physician can make a better decision on the treatment to be applied to the patient. Once the model is evaluated and verified, it may be embedded within clinical information systems. The objective of this chapter is to extensively study the various predictive data mining methods to evaluate their usage in terms of accuracy, computational time, comprehensibility of the results, ease of use of the algorithm, and advantages and disadvantages to relatively naive medical users. The research has shown that there is not a single best prediction tool, but instead, the best performing algorithm will depend on the features of the dataset to be analyzed.
Applications of Nanomaterials in Construction Industry
Authors: Barbhuiya Salim
Published: May 2014

The application of nanomaterials in various applied fields has gained worldwide recognition. Nanomaterials have the ability to manipulate the structure at nano-scale. This leads to the generation of tailored and multifunctional composites with improved mechanical and durability performance. Recognizing this, the construction industry recently has started to use a variety of nanomaterials. The use of these materials is found to improve various fundamental characteristics of construction materials including the strength, durability, and lightness. In this chapter an attempt is made to review the use of various nanomaterials in cementitous system. This is followed by a discussion of the challenges related to their use. Finally, the strategies for using nanomaterials in construction industry for the next ten years are identified.
Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics
Authors: Brimmo Ayoola , Emziane Mahieddine
Published: May 2014

Recent developments show that the exceptional physical, optical, and electrical properties of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have now caught the attention of the Photovoltaics (PV) industry. This chapter provides an updated and in-depth review of some of the most exciting and important developments in the application of CNTs in photovoltaics. The chapter begins with a discussion of the underlying properties of CNTs that make them promising for PV applications. A review of the literature on the application of CNTs in the photoactive layer of Silicon (Si)-based heterojunctions, as anchors for light harvesting materials in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) and as components of other organic solar cells (OPVs), is then presented. Findings portend the promise of CNTs in bridging the gap between the two classes of solar cells currently in the market. Since the technology is in its early stages, it is generally limited by a general lack of understanding of CNTs and their adequate growth mechanisms.
Nanostructured Materials for the Realization of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices
Authors: Shakir Imran , Ali Zahid , Rana Usman Ali , Nafady Ayman , Sarfraz Mansoor , Al-Nashef InasMuen , Hussain Rafaqat , Kang DaeJoon
Published: May 2014

One of the greatest challenges for the modern world is the ever-increasing demand of energy, which may soon outstrip the amount of natural resources that can be obtained using currently known energy conversion and energy storage technologies such as solar cells, fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, and supercapacitors. It appears that the maximum output efficiencies of these devices have already reached the intrinsic limits of almost all electrocatalyst materials. Hence, it is a high time to think about new material architectures by controlling size, shape, and geometry, as well as composition that can potentially make a significant improvement in the performance of these electrochemical devices. Among several known electrocatalyst materials are nanomaterials and their composites due to their unique electrical, mechanical, physical, chemical, and structural characteristics. These materials have opened a whole new territory of possibilities in designing high performance energy storage and conversion devices. In this chapter, the authors review the recent progress in energy storage and conversion devices that utilize various nanomaterials and their composite materials and identify future directions in which the field is likely to develop.
Implementation of Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Bayir Ece , Bilgi Eyup , Urkmez Aylin Sendemir
Published: May 2014

Cancer is a wide group of diseases and generally characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cells whose metabolic activities are disrupted. Conventionally, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are used in the treatment of cancer. However, in theory, even a single cancer cell may trigger recurrence. Therefore, these treatments cannot provide high survival rate for deadly types. Identification of alternative methods in treatment of cancers is inevitable because of adverse effects of conventional methods. In the last few decades, nanotechnology developed by scientists working in different disciplines—physics, chemistry, and biology—offers great opportunities. It is providing elimination of both circulating tumor cells and solid cancer cells by targeting cancer cells. In this chapter, inadequate parts of conventional treatment methods, nanoparticle types used in new treatment methods of cancer, and targeting methods of nanoparticles are summarized; furthermore, recommendations of future are provided.
Knowledge Sharing in the Age of Web 2.0
Authors: Deltour François , Plé Loïc , Roussel Caroline Sargis
Published: May 2014

Web 2.0 tools are more and more prevalent in organizational life, and this chapter identifies their multiple influences on knowledge sharing practices, as well as the main challenges of the social turn in knowledge sharing. Indeed, it is argued that social capital, a key concept from social sciences that recognizes the benefits practice derived from connections between people, also plays a role in the context of renewed knowledge sharing practices (i.e. based on Web 2.0 technologies). Therefore, this chapter provides an analysis of the influence of social capital in leveraging knowledge sharing in a Web 2.0 context. Finally, using secondary data, this research details a specific case to illustrate how employees can benefit from new forms of knowledge sharing that rely on interactive tools and their social capital.
Cyber Identity
Authors: Ionescu Ana-Cristina
Published: May 2014

The realities of our world are imperatively legitimated by the complex relationship between media, technology, and society. Whether we deal with old or new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the content of the message delivered by the media assumes a fundamental role. The adherence of a large number of individuals to a common idea facilitates the formation of media-enabled personalities and communities within the virtual space. The emergence of Web 2.0 solves the tension from the ‘90s, when the public opinion decomposed into an amalgam of informal opinions of private individuals not entirely convinced by the formal ones, issued by publicistically effective but one-way communication media. While today the Internet provides the most inclusive forum of public deliberation, where communication is negotiated between cyber-women and cyber-men with equal rights, healed of the social diseases of the outer world, an important gap in our knowledge is whether Web 2.0 reflects our existing reality or whether it constructs a new environment, one that is devoid of the old biases. I would like to fill this gap in information, by exploring whether virtual communities represent a continuation, by technical means, of the pre-existing, face-to-face, geographic, stereotyped interactions, or whether they enabled the establishment of substantially different structures with their own intrinsic features and dynamics, where women have access to and control information.
Cyberbullying
Authors: Arıcak Osman Tolga , Tanrıkulu Taşkın , Siyahhan Sinem , Kınay Hüseyin
Published: May 2014

Twenty years ago, who would have thought that children as young as twelve would own a cell phone, or people would check their e-mails and Facebook several times in a given day? Things have changed a lot over the last several years. The information and communication technologies made access to information easier and allowed people to communicate with long-distant family and friends instantly. Despite these positive changes, the advances in information and communication technologies also introduced problems that are unique to information age. In this paper, the authors review one of these problems, namely cyberbullying, which affects school age children. Many studies reported significant number of children late elementary through high school experiencing cyberbullying—the use of electronic means to harass others—through cell phones and the Internet. The authors discuss the nature of cyberbullying and why it became a problem among youth. They conclude this chapter with suggestions for parents and future research.
Web 2.0 Open Remote and Virtual Laboratories in Engineering Education
Authors: Salzmann Christophe , Gillet Denis , Esquembre Francisco , Vargas Héctor , Sánchez José , Dormido Sebastián
Published: May 2014

This chapter presents challenges in deploying remote and virtual laboratories as open educational resources with application to engineering education, as well as current trends in using Web 2.0 technologies to enable broader adoption and ease of development. The Spanish initiative to establish a common remote and virtual experimentation infrastructure between various universities is presented as an example of an open laboratory network. This example shows the benefit of sharing complex educational resources. The difficulties that impair the adoption and dissemination of current remote experimentation environments are then analyzed. Smart devices and widgets paradigms are proposed to transform current remote laboratories into new user manageable social entities. The Internet of Things and the Web of People concepts are introduced as a framework for further investigating collaborative, active, and social learning environments. This framework is illustrated in the context of a control course in which smart devices are interfaced through widgets integrated into personal learning environments and shared in a flexible and agile way by the learners.
China's Cyber Tool
Authors: Thomas Timothy L.
Published: May 2014

This chapter analyses how China is using cyber reconnaissance to achieve electronic shi, defined as strategic advantage. It examines China's cyber strategy and information age advantages; Chinese financial and military cyber threats; China's hacker population; and Chinese organizations devoted to cyber defense. Once attained, electronic shi allows a country to “win victory before the first battle.”
Towards E-Government Information Platforms for Enterprise 2.0
Authors: Rodrigues Mário , Dias Gonçalo Paiva , Teixeira António
Published: May 2014

Enterprise 2.0 aims to help employees, customers, and suppliers collaborate, share, and organize information. As governments are relevant partners for enterprises (legislation, contracts, etc.) e-government platforms need to be ready for Enterprise 2.0 to what concerns e-government interactions. The public sector holds huge quantities of information and just a small proportion is relevant to each enterprise. Enterprises should only be confronted with relevant information and not flooded with lots of data. This implies data organization with semantic description and services using open standards. The goal is to build a durable information infrastructure for government that can be readily accessed by enterprises. The authors propose a conceptual model for government information provisioning. The rationale for this proposal is to motivate the creation of durable, standard, and open government information infrastructures. The model acquires information from natural language documents and represents it using ontology. A proof-of-concept prototype and its preliminary results are presented.
Web 2.0 for Language Learning
Authors: Luo Tian
Published: May 2014

This literature review study explores 43 empirical research studies that report on the integration of Web 2.0 tools into language learning and evaluate the actual impact of their use. In particular, this review aims to identify the specific Web 2.0 tools integrated in the educational settings, theoretical underpinnings that are commonly used to frame the research, methodologies and data analysis techniques that scholars employ to analyze their research data, the benefits and challenges scholars spotted in their research findings, the pedagogical implications in using Web 2.0 for language learning and future research directions that scholars offer from their research.
Student Mentors in Physical and Virtual Learning Spaces
Authors: Kirkwood Keith , Best Gill , McCormack Robin , Tout Dan
Published: May 2014

This chapter explores the human element in the learning space through the notion that once a learning space is inhabited, it becomes a learning place of agency, purpose and community involving both staff and students. The School of Languages and Learning at Victoria University in Melbourne has initiated a multifaceted peer learning support strategy, ‘Students Supporting Student Learning' (SSSL), involving the deployment of student peer mentors into various physical and virtual learning spaces. The chapter discusses the dynamics of peer learning across these learning space settings and the challenges involved in instituting the shift from teacher- to learning-centred pedagogies within such spaces. Both physical and virtual dimensions are considered, with the SNAPVU Platform introduced as a strategy for facilitating virtual learning communities of practice in which staff, mentors, and students will be able to engage in mutual learning support. The chapter concludes with calls for the explicit inclusion of peer learning in the operational design of learning spaces.
Human Rights, the Global War on Transnational Terror, and the Mixed Roles of ICT
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: May 2014

An international human rights regime is a major motivator of nation-states and peoples in the global war on transnational terror. It sets normative understandings for how citizens are treated—by their own governments, by each other, and by terrorist groups. A human rights regime also serves as a restraint on governments against brutal repressions in response to terrorism because terrorists are considered dissidents in extremis, and in all cases, the rules of law apply to them (and legal findings by governments are necessary before certain police or military actions may be taken). The contested roles of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in this dynamic context vary, but these technologies are used by all sides for their own objectives. This chapter explores the mixed roles of ICT in supporting a global human rights regime, which underpins the global war on transnational terror.
Virtual Hate Communities in the 21st Century
Authors: Tsunokai Glenn T. , McGrath Allison R.
Published: May 2014

Technological innovations in computer-mediated communication have helped hate groups to transform themselves into virtual communities. Likeminded individuals are now able to unite from all parts of the globe to promote hatred against visible minorities and other out-groups. Through their online interactions, a sense of place is often created. In this chapter, we explore the content and function of online hate communities. Since bigotry tends to be the cornerstone of virtual hate communities, we highlight the legal debate surrounding the regulation of Internet hate speech; in particular, we address the question: Does the First Amendment protect virtual community members who use the Internet to advocate hate? Next, using data collected from the largest hate website, Stormfront.org, we also investigate how Stormfront members utilize interactive media features to foster a sense of community. Finally, we direct our attention to the future of online hate communities by outlining the issues that need to be further investigated.
Exploiting Technological Potentialities for Collaborative New Product Development
Authors: Del Vecchio Pasquale , Ndou Valentina , Schina Laura
Published: May 2014

The new competitive scenario based on knowledge resources has led firms to become more open to innovative sources and mainly to focus on collaboration with customers to co-create value (Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004; Sawhney, Verona & Prandelli, 2005). The Internet, and more in particular, web 2.0 technologies, enable patterns of collaborative innovation, involving customers into the NPD process. By contrast, empirical studies show that there are many large and small companies which do not grasp the opportunities provided by the customers' contribution. This is due to a number of inhibiting factors that represent barriers for the collaborative innovation. This chapter aims firstly to delineate and validate some of these constraints by using the insights coming out from a case study and secondly to suggest a possible solution in order to overpass some of the barriers identified and to exploit the customers' knowledge acquired on the web.
A Systemic Approach to Online Sharing Motivations
Authors: Skågeby Jörgen
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this conceptual chapter is to present and argue for a cross-disciplinary and systemic approach to the examination of motivations for sharing digital media objects via social mediating technologies. The theoretical foundation of this approach is built on two social theories from rhetorical analysis (Burke's pentad) and gift research (gift systems), respectively. A synthesis of these two theories provides an approach capable of producing more coherent and contextually grounded insights regarding online sharing motivations. The reason these two theories were identified as useful is that they acknowledge and incorporate social and contextual factors. This is important to overcome the assumption that motivations to share are detached from the specifics of actors, situations, and sociotechnical means. As such, this cross-disciplinary combination challenges the limited, but common approach of trying to identify generic motivations for contributing to virtual communities. Instead, this chapter argues for a consideration of situated and contextual motivations for contributing by highlighting the conceptual questions what, to whom, how, where, and finally, why. In conclusion, the chapter fills a gap in the literature on online motivations mainly because current models focus on motivations as self-containing. Instead, this chapter suggests to consider sociotechnical means, types of relationships, values of media objects, identity, or culture in cohort.
Different Ways to Reach Transparency and Trust through Communication Management in Spanish Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Herranz de la Casa José María
Published: May 2014

This chapter focuses on analyzing how communication management can improve transparency and trust in nonprofit organizations. Several examples of Spanish and international nonprofit organizations that are developing effective communication plans and actions to improve their engagement and reputation with citizens are explained through case study methodology. Fund raising, the use of Internet and social media, advocacy, new narratives, and how to spread their activities are the areas where civil society organizations are developing their innovative communication actions. The analysis is made under a model of three objectives or levels: marketing, information, and participation, and under the perspective that transparency is a value that a nonprofit organization should use as the same way as communication management. If transparency and communication management are added, the result could achieve notoriety, trust, and reputation for nonprofit sector.
The Promise of Information and Communication Technology in Volunteer Administration
Authors: Proulx Kelly E. , Hager Mark A. , Wittstock Denise A.
Published: May 2014

Traditional volunteer management is a bureaucratic process involving recruitment, screening, training, assignment, scheduling, recognition, retention, and reporting on volunteers. New workplace technologies provide ways to conduct these tasks with greater efficiency and increased accuracy, thereby enhancing both the volunteer experience and the impact of volunteers on organizational operations. This chapter reviews the literature regarding theories of technology acceptance and use, technology use in nonprofit organizations, and technology in volunteer programs. Three organizational case studies provide insights into both the promise and limitations of the adoption and use of Volgistics, a commonly used Web-based software designed for volunteer management in nonprofit organizations. The authors conclude by discussing what these cases suggest for the challenges and promise of adoption of new technology in the management of volunteers.
Online Strategic and Operational Planning Procedures in the Integrated Management Information Systems for Educational Institutions
Authors: Pougatchev Valeri , Kulkarni Ashok
Published: May 2014

This chapter is focused on strategic, operational hierarchical, non-hierarchical, and multi-criteria planning of the educational institutions and illustrated by the case-study example. It, also, describes a practical implementation procedures for the proposed business model and procedures, using mathematical methods of the Liner Algebra. A quantitative approach of the Strategic and Operational Planning, described in this chapter, introduces the V-index numeric indicator as a key measurement of objectives/targets accomplishment for each unit (including an entire institution) and individual of the institution's planning process and his/her/its role for strategic planning analysis and control. The solutions, presented in this chapter, play a vital role in the Performance-Based Management Systems with the multi-rated feedback (360-degree evaluation). This system is a heart of any Institutional Integrated Management System and provides a comparative analysis of the members of all categories of the institution's staff—Academic, Administrative, Technical, or Ancillary—including basic requisite information for promotion, tenure, merit pay, and post-tenure review decisions of the appraises. It also creates an opportunity for effective analysis and control for the institution financial aspects, which includes Productivity and Finance Planning, as well as Financial Controls, Budgets, and Audit. This theoretical research has had an effective practical background, at the University of Technology, Jamaica, using the original software developed by the authors and implemented within the university.
Online Technology to Manage the Real Estate Owned (REO) Process
Authors: Gadish David
Published: May 2014

The WinREO real estate management software provides a case for extracting business intelligence benefits for a small/medium-sized business systematically as part of other business functions. The software was developed by breaking down the complex REO sales business process into a series of data points, which can then be captured from users as part of a workflow engine. These many tables of data are used to construct tailored workflows and combined to produce meaningful reports for various users inside the organization. Tools for collaboration on the basis of shared data, performance measurement and knowledge management bring additional business intelligence benefits to a small- or medium-sized real estate office through continuous collection of data in various sections of a the software suite. This document details the software's functions, noting the various instance and implementations of data collection for these purposes.
Business Intelligence in the Music Industry Value Chain
Authors: Russ Hanne , Kuilboer Jean-Pierre , Ashrafi Noushin
Published: May 2014

The arrival of the internet and the availability of music in digital formats have altered the landscape of the music industry. This paper examines the impact of the Internet on the music industry and argues that the adverse impact of technology disruption can be offset by the proper use of business intelligence technology throughout the value chain. A careful analysis of the value chain of music industry helps determine where and how Business Intelligence can be effectively implemented towards the best outcome. While there have been a number of studies about the implementation of BI in other industries such as finance, healthcare, and education, there has never been an insightful study of BI in the music industry. Scholars of business intelligence and music industry managers should benefit from this study as we explore yet another context for the application of BI technology and opportunities for adding value through Business Intelligence.
Business Intelligence–Hybrid Metaheuristics Techniques
Authors: Prem Mary Jeyanthi , Karnan M.
Published: May 2014

Business Intelligence (BI) is about getting the right information, to the right decision makers, at the right time. A business intelligence environment offers decision makers information and knowledge derived from data processing, through the application of mathematical models and algorithms. BI systems tend to promote a scientific and rational approach to managing enterprises and complex organizations. Soft computing is a collection of new techniques in artificial intelligence, which exploit the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth to achieve tractability, robustness and low solution cost. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of soft computing techniques for the optimal and dynamic decision making system in the current business world.
Social Bookmarking Pedagogies in Higher Education: A Comparative Study
Authors: Taha Nashrawan , Wood Jamie , Cox Andrew
Published: May 2014

This paper compares two projects that adopted social bookmarking (SB) technology in different educational contexts at the same institution, a large, research-intensive university in the north of England. The first study used social bookmarking in a multicultural postgraduate class to increase interactivity within the whole class and to produce an archive of course-related online resources to engage potentially isolated students. The second study used social bookmarking to support first year undergraduate students' independent research activities, to facilitate collaboration and to aid the tutor's preparation for seminar classes. The paper provides an outline of the two studies, including a description of the pedagogic approaches adopted in them, developments in the pedagogy over time and evaluative and usage data that were collected. The discussion focuses on five main issues: SB literacy; SB benefits; SB costs and risks; SB pedagogy; and SB alternatives.
Examining Mobile Tasks and Devices
Authors: Carey Karen , Helfert Markus , FitzPatrick Donal
Published: May 2014

As the mobile workforce expands and enterprise applications continue to evolve it is critical for software developers to target appropriate devices for their content. Not all applications are suitable for mobile deployment, for example if an application manipulates large amounts of spreadsheet data, it may result in low adoption rates and poor performance outcomes on a smartphone. This research provides a guideline to identify the most suitable device in yielding successful task performances from the user's perspective. The guideline couples the user's performance requirements associated with specific tasks, to the device whose performance most adheres to their requirements. Developers of enterprise applications can use this guideline to identify the most suitable devices to target for their content thus avoiding low adoption and poor usability associated with their application on unsuitable devices. To demonstrate the use of the guideline the authors applied it to a usability study, which focused on comparing user performance across devices. Application of the guideline resulted in a positive response in terms of improving representational user information required when targeting devices.
Batswana female managers’ career experiences and perspectives on corporate mobility and success
Authors: Pheko Mpho M.
Published: May 2014

Orientation: Corporate mobility remains elusive for female managers.Research purpose: To investigate Batswana female managers’ strategies for entering and succeeding in managerial positions, the challenges they face and the consequences of success.Motivation for the study: There is a lack of research into the way Batswana female managers obtain management positions, as well as their experiences as female managers.Research approach, design and method: An interpretive approach using a case study strategy was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted which were shaped by the objectives of the study. A sample of female employees (n = 10), representing different organisations and professions, was obtained from various organisations in Botswana.Main findings: Findings revealed that female managers do experience a number of challenges. Various factors were identified that accounted for their career advancement as well as the consequences of success. The consequences of success were identified as being both positive and negative.Practical/managerial implications: The current study is important as the strategies for success that were identified can be used to assist interested women to obtain management-level positions. Furthermore, the challenges identified may assist both researchers and practitioners to design interventions that help to mitigate the challenges, in turn enabling the inclusion and advancement of women in leadership or managerial positions.Contributions: The current study may contribute new knowledge as past research conducted in Botswana seems to have focused mainly on the impact of regulatory and legislative challenges on women’s advancement. Such a focus ignores the other aspects of female managers’ experiences, which are addressed by the current study.
Comparison of the HadGEM2 climate-chemistry model against in-situ and SCIAMACHY atmospheric methane data
Authors: Hayman G. D. , O'Connor F. M. , Dalvi M. , Clark D. B. , Gedney N. , Huntingford C. , Prigent C. , Buchwitz M. , Schneising O. , Burrows J. P. , Wilson C. , Richards N. , Chipperfield M.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Wetlands are a major emission source of methane (CH4) globally. In this study, we have evaluated wetland emission estimates derived using the UK community land surface model (JULES, the Joint UK Land Earth Simulator) against atmospheric observations of methane, including, for the first time, total methane columns derived from the SCIAMACHY instrument on board the ENVISAT satellite. Two JULES wetland emission estimates were investigated: (a) from an offline run driven with CRU-NCEP meteorological data and (b) from the same offline run in which the modelled wetland fractions were replaced with those derived from the Global Inundation Extent from Multi-Satellites (GIEMS) remote sensing product. The mean annual emission assumed for each inventory (181 Tg CH4 per annum over the period 1999–2007) is in line with other recently-published estimates. There are regional differences as the unconstrained JULES inventory gave significantly higher emissions in the Amazon and lower emissions in other regions compared to the JULES estimates constrained with the GIEMS product. Using the UK Hadley Centre's Earth System model with atmospheric chemistry (HadGEM2), we have evaluated these JULES wetland emissions against atmospheric observations of methane. We obtained improved agreement with the surface concentration measurements, especially at northern high latitudes, compared to previous HadGEM2 runs using the wetland emission dataset of Fung (1991). Although the modelled monthly atmospheric methane columns reproduced the large–scale patterns in the SCIAMACHY observations, they were biased low by 50 part per billion by volume (ppb). Replacing the HadGEM2 modelled concentrations above 300 hPa with HALOE–ACE assimilated TOMCAT output resulted in a significantly better agreement with the SCIAMACHY observations. The use of the GIEMS product to constrain JULES-derived wetland fraction improved the description of the wetland emissions in JULES and gave a good description of the seasonality observed at surface sites influenced by wetlands, especially at high latitudes. We found that the annual cycles observed in the SCIAMACHY measurements and at many of the surface sites influenced by non-wetland sources could not be reproduced in these HadGEM2 runs. This suggests that the emissions over certain regions (e.g., India and China) are possibly too high and/or the monthly emission patterns for specific sectors are incorrect. The comparisons presented in this paper have shown that the performance of the JULES wetland scheme is comparable to that of other process-based land surface models. We have identified areas for improvement in this and the atmospheric chemistry components of the HadGEM Earth System model. The Earth Observation datasets used here will be of continued value in future evaluations of JULES and the HadGEM family of models.