bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Welding Spot Quality Control Using Camera Vision System
Authors: Kadam Shubham Narayan , Dolas Aniket , Mishra Jagdish
Published: December 2024

Spot welds are integral to automotive body construction, influencing vehicle performance and durability. Spot welding ensures structural integrity by creating strong bonds between metal sheets, crucial for maintaining vehicle safety and performance. It is highly compatible with automation, allowing for streamlined production processes and increased efficiency in automotive assembly lines. The number and distribution of spot welds directly impact the vehicle's ability to withstand various loads and stresses, including impacts, vibrations, and torsion. Manufacturers adhere to strict quality control standards to ensure the integrity of spot welds in automotive production. Monitoring spot weld count and weld quality during manufacturing processes through advanced inspection techniques such as Image processing by YOLOv8 helps identify the number of spots and quality that could compromise safety. Automating quality control processes is paramount, and machine vision offers a promising solution. Leveraging the YOLOv8 model, this research proposes an efficient technique for automatic detection and counting of spot welds on automotive sheets. Through analysis of a comprehensive dataset of annotated images, our approach demonstrates superior accuracy and efficiency in tracking and quantifying spot welds. Quantitative evaluation validates the effectiveness of this vision-based inspection method, highlighting its potential for enhancing car body welding quality control processes.
Advance Method of Measuring “TCD” Turning Circle Diameter for Vehicle
Authors: Yadav Satyendra , Ojha Vijay , Chatterjee Anupam , Saikrishna VNL , Karthik V
Published: December 2024

Turning circle diameter (TCD) of vehicle is critical parameter which is used to determine the turning capability of vehicle. TCD is the smallest circular turn that a vehicle can make of given drive track. The TCD depends on vehicle wheel lock angles, wheelbase, and geometric architecture of vehicle. The Regulation certification requirement of steering system, states that the maximum TCD should be less than 24m & TCCD (Turning clearance circle diameter) 25m (M&N category Vehicle). IS 12222:2011 & UN R79 are regulation related to Steering system. This invention relates to measuring the TCD of vehicle. The conclusion of this technical paper proposes new innovative method to overcomes and address the below limitations.

It provides accurate and precise results by adjusting room for error. It eliminates the approximation ambiguity. It reduces the manual intervention of human effort to carry out the entire measurement process. It improves the safety of measurement technician, since it involves mounting of sensor during vehicle static condition and do not need to trace the vehicle outer position using chalk as per current measurement method.
Forced Air or Forced Air/Fluid Equipment for Removal of Frozen Contaminants
Authors:   G-12E Equipment Committee
Published: December 2024

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers forced air technology including: reference material, equipment, safety, operation, and methodology. This resource document is intended to provide information and minimum safety guidelines regarding the use of forced air or forced air/fluid equipment to remove frozen contaminants.
Tolerances Carbon Steel Bars
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers established inch/pound manufacturing tolerances applicable to carbon steel bars ordered to inch/pound dimensions. These tolerances apply to all conditions, unless otherwise noted. The term “excl” applies only to the higher figure of the specified range.
Low-Duty Inertia Dynamometer Hydraulic Brake Wear Test Procedures for Vehicles Above 4536 kg (10000 pounds) of GVWR
Authors:   Truck and Bus Hydraulic Brake Committee
Published: December 2024

This Recommended Practice is derived from OEM and tier-1 laboratory tests and applies to two-axle multipurpose passenger vehicles, or trucks with a GVWR above 4536 kg (10 000 pounds) equipped with hydraulic disc or drum service brakes. Before conducting testing for a specific brake sizes or under specific test conditions, review, agree upon, and document with the test requestor any deviations from the test procedure. Also, the applicable criteria for the final test results and wear rates deemed as significantly different require definition, assessment, and proper documentation; especially as this will determine whether or not Method B testing is needed.

This Recommended Practice does not evaluate or quantify other brake system characteristics such as performance, noise, judder, ABS performance, or braking under extreme temperatures or speeds. Minimum performance requirements are not part of this recommended practice. Consistency and margin of pass/fail of the minimum requirements related to wear rates and wear behavior can be assessed as part of the project in coordination with the test requestor.

NOTE: This Recommended Practice uses the unit conversion and rounding techniques from the NIST Special Publication 811. This to ensure the use of standard conversion factors and to determine the appropriate number of significant digits to ensure the Rounding Error (RE) of the converted unit is smaller than or similar to the RE of the original English or Imperial unit.
Caractérisation de la flore ligneuse du campus socio-pédagogique de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), de Dakar (Sénégal)
Authors: Sy Thierno Bachir , Deme Mamoudou , Dieng Sara Danièle , Badiane Sidia Diaouma , Gueye Mathieu
Published: December 2024

Cette étude porte sur la caractérisation de la flore ligneuse du campus de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar. À travers un inventaire  systématique, 8079 individus appartenant à 128 espèces, réparties en 46 familles, ont été recensés. Les espèces les plus représentatives  étaient : Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. (16%), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (12%), Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K.Heyne (11%) et Albizia  lebbeck (L.) Benth. (10%). En outre, l'analyse de la répartition des espèces a révélé une prédominance des espèces pantropicales et  africaines. La structure du peuplement montre la prédominance de la classe de hauteur de 5-10 m avec 48% et celle de circonférence de  51 cm-100 cm avec 49% des arbres. Les indices de diversité confirment la richesse spécifique de la flore du campus. Enfin, l'évaluation de  l'état de santé a indiqué que la grande majorité des arbres étaient sains. Ces résultats fournissent des indications déterminantes pour la  gestion et la préservation de ce peuplement urbain. Ils relèvent le défi de la conservation des espèces autochtones et de la promotion de  la diversité spécifique pour garantir la durabilité à long terme des écosystèmes urbains. 
 
Characterization of woody flora in the socio-pedagogical campus of Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), Dakar (Senegal)This study characterizes the woody flora on the campus of Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar. Through a systematic inventory, 8079  individuals belonging to 128 species, divided into 46 families, were counted. The most representative species were : Prosopis juliflora  (Sw.) DC. (16%), Azadirachta indica A. Juss (12%), Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K.Heyne (11%) and Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth (10%).  Analysis of species distribution also revealed a predominance of pantropical and African species. The stand structure shows the  predominance of the 5-10 m height class with 48% and the 51 cm-100 cm circumference class with 49% of trees. Diversity indices confirm  the specific richness of the campus flora. Finally, the health assessment showed that the vast majority of trees were healthy. These results  provide decisive indications for the management and preservation of this urban stand. They raise the challenge of conserving  native species and promoting specific diversity to guarantee the long-term sustainability of urban ecosystems.
Evaluation de la consommation des fruits de Scyphocephalium ochocoa, des écorces de Hua gabonii et des amandes de Irvingia gabonensis consommés par les populations de la Lékoumou et de la Sangha au Congo
Authors: Elenga Michel , Massamba Stève Moulengo , Zebita Gedellevie Ryssie Miantoko , Mananga Vital , Okouango Yvon Simplice Itoua
Published: December 2024

L’objectif de cette étude consistait d'évaluer la consommation des fruits de Scyphocephalium ochocoa, des écorces de Hua gabonii et des  amandes de Irvingia gabonensis dans les départements de la Lékoumou et de la Sangha. À cet effet, une enquête de consommation  a été réalisée sur le mode, le motif, les plats et la fréquence de consommation. Cette étude a révélé que les populations auprès  desquelles l’enquête a été menée étaient en majorité jeunes. Elles étaient composées en majorité des femmes et vivaient pour la plupart  en union libre, à l’exception de celles de Ouesso qui étaient majoritairement célibataires. Leur fonction principale était l’agriculture, bien  que dans la plupart des cas à Ouesso, ils fussent élèves. La plupart des enquêtés consommaient ces condiments cuits dans un repas, car  cela améliorait le goût. Malheureusement, ils étaient consommés saisonnièrement en raison de la rareté des espèces, bien qu’à Ouesso,  leur consommation est plus fréquente au cours de la semaine. Ainsi, les résultats ont mis en évidence l’importance de ces condiments  dans l’amélioration de la qualité organoleptique des régimes alimentaires des populations de la Lékoumou et de la Sangha.
 
Evaluation of the consumption of fruits of Scyphocephalium ochocoa, Hua gabonii and almonds of Irvingia gaboninsis consumed by the  populations of Lékoumou and Sangha in Congo
The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of Scyphocephalium ochocoa fruits, Hua gabonii bark, and Irvingia gabonensis  kernels in the departments of Lékoumou and Sangha. To this end, a consumption survey was conducted regarding the manner, reasons,  dishes, and frequency of consumption. The study revealed that the majority of the surveyed populations were young, predominantly  composed of women living in commonlaw unions, except in Ouesso where they were mostly single. Their primary occupation was  agriculture, although in most cases in Ouesso, they were students. Most respondents consumed these condiments cooked in meals because it enhanced the taste. Unfortunately, they were consumed seasonally due to species rarity, though in Ouesso, their consumption  is more frequent during the week. Thus, the results underscored the importance of these condiments in enhancing the  organoleptic quality of diets among the populations of Lékoumou and Sangha.
Effects of Gender Biases on Project Performances in Water and Sanitation Projects in Njombe Region
Authors: Masige Deus , Malamsha Kitala
Published: December 2024

Gender biases in Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) projects globally, regionally, and in Tanzania pose significant challenges to effective project management. This study examines gender representation in leadership roles and the performance of NGO-led WASH projects in Njombe, Tanzania. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 197 participants, including project managers, beneficiaries, and stakeholders, to assess the effects of leadership inclusivity on project outcomes such as timelines, budget adherence, and stakeholder satisfaction. Findings revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.628, p < 0.001) between gender-balanced leadership and budget adherence. Similarly, inclusive leadership demonstrated a significant positive influence on stakeholder satisfaction and project timeliness. Respondents highlighted that male-dominated leadership structures often contributed to delays and inefficiencies, while projects with greater female representation showed improved decision-making and resource utilization. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing gender-inclusive policies and leadership training to promote balanced representation in decision-making roles. By fostering inclusivity, WASH projects can enhance their efficiency, ensure timely completion, and build stronger trust with stakeholders.
Investigating the effects of Lonchocarpus cyanencens aqueous leaf extracts on the histology of the cardiovascular system in normal albino Wistar rats
Authors: Peter Onyeije Benson , Orlu Innih Silvanus
Published: December 2024

The shrub tree Lonchocarpus cyanescens is one of the herbal remedies traditionally used in Nigeria to promote human health. In the western part of the nation Nigeria, it is used to treat diabetes mellitus. Investigating the histomorphological activities of an aqueous extract of Lonchocarpus cyanescens leaf on the cardiovascular status of normal Wistar albino rats was the purpose of this investigation. Thirty-five rats in all were split into seven groups of five rats each: Group A was designated as the control group. Group B was given an aqueous extract of L. Cyanescens containing 200 mg/kg, Group C was given 500 mg/kg, Group D was given 1000 mg/kg, Group E was given 2000 mg/kg, Group F and H were given 3500 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. The rats had 42 days of therapy before being cervically dislocated while sedated with ether. The rat's heart was quickly removed, preserved for 72 hours in 10% buffered formalin, and then histologically processed and stained with eosin and hematoxylin. According to histological findings, all treated groups experienced mild vascular events with intact interstitial spaces and myocardial bundle arrangement in the cardiovascular system as a result of graded doses of Lonchocarpus cyanescens aqueous extracts. These extracts also activated the heart's local immune system, causing endothelial cell activation and lymphocytosis (induction fraction). A more intense action was elicited by the lower doses, peaking at 1000 mg/kg. But there were no harmful consequences, affirming the safety of the extract and its potential for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Assessment of open defecation practice among Gugugu Residents in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Jonah Audu , Gamde Solomon M , Abriba Simon P , Biya Abigail , Bashir S.A , Abi Abigail D , Igbinosa Isaac , Ishola David O , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

Open defecation is a major public health challenge in Nigeria. Several efforts to negate the negative health practice of open defecation have not been successful. We speculate that understanding the root causes of open defecation at the community level could mitigate the menace. This study aimed to investigate open defecation practices among Gugugu Residents in Abuja, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out on 92 people ages 18 to 50 years using a structured questionnaire from 1 January to April 2024 in Gugugu, Abuja Nigeria. Statistical data were presented in frequencies and percentages. Our aim was to determine the root causes of open defecation among Gugugu Residents in Abuja, Nigeria. We found that 97% of the study participants indulge in open defecation, 95% often do not use the toilet to defecate, and the poor hygiene of not washing hands after defecation. Surprisingly, 83% of the respondents do not have toilet facility in their houses and the presence of people defecating during early morning visit was obvious. Most of the study participants practiced open defecation. The lack of proper knowledge of hygiene coupled with dearth of sanitary facilities has compelled people to practice open defecation. Addressing the pervasive issue of open defecation in the study area requires comprehensive and sustainable strategies.
Antibacterial activity of Vitellaria paradoxa seed oil extract (shear butter) and honey against bacterial pathogens causing wound infection
Authors: Adegoke C.O. , Laoye O.O. , Folorunso O.A. , Ogunbanwo S.T.
Published: December 2024

This research was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Vitellaria paradoxa seed oil extract (shea butter) and honey against bacterial pathogens causing wound infection. The pathogens used for this study were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Proteus mirabilis. Wound swabs were collected from Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital Ogbomosho (LTH) and processed for microbiological assessment. Actively growing culture (0.1 ml) containing 1 x 10⁶ cfu/ml of each bacterium pathogen used was introduced into Petri dishes and 20 ml of molten agar added. The antibiotic sensitivity discs (Abtek Biological Ltd, UK) consisting of different antibiotics namely, ampicillin (10μg), amplicox (10μg), augmentin (30μg), gentamycin (10μg), metronidazole (10μg), ofloxacin (5μg), and tetracycline (10μg) were placed on the solidified agar surface. The plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 hours. After this period, the diameter of the zone of inhibition of each antibiotics disc and agar well diffusion of Honey was measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Honey produced clear zones of inhibition ranging from 12 to 36 mm against the tested bacterial isolates, while Vitellaria paradoxa seed oil extract (shea butter) also produced clear zones of inhibition ranging from 6 to 12 mm against the tested bacterial isolates. The Minimum inhibitory concentration of honey ranged from 12.5 to 25μg/ml on the bacterial isolates for different honey samples which were obtained from various markets (Owode honey, Saki honey, Tede honey, and Ojaoba honey), while the Minimum inhibitory concentration of shea butter ranged from 25 to 100% on the bacterial isolates for different shea butter samples gotten from diverse sources (Owed shea butter, Saki shea butter, Tede shea butter, and Ojaoba shea butter). The minimum bactericidal concentration of the honey samples on the tested wound isolates ranged from 25 to 100 μg/ml, while the minimum bactericidal concentration of the shea butter samples ranged from 50 to 100 μg/ml. The seed oil extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa and honey samples used in this study have demonstrated antimicrobial activities against the tested clinical isolates thus justifying their use in traditional medicine for treating different diseases especially wound infections associated with the tested organisms, as they also serve as new and cheaper alternatives for treatment for wounds.
Protective potential of Momordica. charantia against CCl4 induced change in liver and kidney serum biomarkers in Wistar rats
Authors: Bini N. , Osadolor H.B. , Elekofehinti O.O.
Published: December 2024

Mormodica charantia anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are regarded as crucial factors in reducing liver damage and fibrosis. Fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis are the hallmarks of acute liver injury, which can result in liver failure, cirrhosis, or cancer and have an impact on the clinical outcome over the long term. The medicinal value of M. charantia is derived from its bioactive phytochemical components, which have observable physiological effects on the body and act as a preventive measure. The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of M. charantia on acute liver and kidney injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in Wistar rats. Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg body weight CCl₄ with or without M. charantia (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg). Rats treated with CCl₄ developed acute liver and kidney injury, as evidenced by elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, and accompanied with histological analysis. The present study highlighted that M. charantia exhibited liver and kidney protective effects against acute hepatic injury induced by CCl₄ via suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. Administration of M. charantia demonstrated significant hepatoprotection and renal protection against CCl₄-induced liver and kidney injury in Wistar rats.
The effect of combined aqueous extract of Turmeric and curry leaves on Haematological parameters and histology of the lungs in high salt fed Wistar rat.
Authors: Gospel Ajuru , Daniel Bassey Edidiong
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effect of combined aqueous extract of Turmeric and curry leaves extract on the Haematological parameters and histology of the lungs in high salt fed Wistar rats. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were selected and they were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. After acclimatization for 14 days, group one served as the control and received no treatment other than food and water. Group two received salt (8%). Group three received salt and vitamin C, group four received a low dose of the extract with salt, group five received a medium dose of the extract and salt, group six received a high dose of the extract and salt. The administration was done once daily for 28 days. Twelve animals were sacrificed on the 14th and 28th day respectively. Blood samples and lungs were collected from each animal to analyze the haematological parameters and histology of the lungs respectively. The results of this study showed that antioxidant levels are present in turmeric and curry leaves, and vitamin C is able to reduce the damaging effect of high salt intake on the lungs of Wistar rats. The results of this study show that high salt intake causes an increase on haematological parameters, combined extract of turmeric and curry leaves help reverse its increase. Salt is an essential component of our diets, and it is important for the proper functioning of different parts of the body. It has been estimated that 75% of the salt intake in the United States is derived from salt added during food processing or manufacturing, rather than from salt added at the table or during cooking. The lowest salt intakes are associated with diets that emphasize unprocessed foods, especially fruits, vegetables, and legumes (FNBIM/SC, 2005; Westphal et al., 2012; WHO, 2013). High sodium intake decreases renal calcium reabsorption which in turn leads to greater urinary calcium excretions, osteoporosis and kidney stones (Heller, 1999; Audran and Legrand, 2000). Gastric cancer is another condition linked with high salt intake (Tsugane, 2005; Liu and Russell, 2008). Sodium intake is also associated with high blood pressure (hypertension) (Denton et al., 1995). Death may also result from attempted use of salt solutions as emetics, forced salt intake, and accidental mix-up of salt with sugar in child food. High salt loading in humans and experimental animals increases the stiffness of conduit arteries and the activity of resistance arteries (Simon and Illyes, 2001). Stroke is another effect of high salt intake (Xie et al., 1992). High salt intake leads to platelet aggregation (Gow et al., 1992).
Impact of combined aqueous extracts of Turmeric and Curry leaf on the reproductive parameters of high salt fed male Wistar rats
Authors: Gospel Ajuru , Chigozirim Opara Bernard
Published: December 2024

Infertility poses a significant challenge affecting millions of couples worldwide, with oxidative stress (OS) emerging as a key contributor, particularly in cases of idiopathic male infertility. This study investigated the potential therapeutic effects of combined aqueous extracts of Turmeric and Curry leaves (TCL) on reproductive parameters in high salt-fed male Wistar rats. Thirty-six rats were randomly assigned to six groups and subjected to varying interventions over a 28-day period. Sperm parameters including testosterone levels, and histological changes in testicular tissues were evaluated. Results revealed that high salt intake negatively impacted sperm quality, viability, and testosterone levels, while TCL extracts demonstrated dose-dependent improvements in these parameters. Histological analysis demonstrated varying degrees of testicular tissue distortion across groups, with TCL extracts showing protective effects against high salt-induced damage. These findings suggest that TCL extracts have potential therapeutic benefits in mitigating the adverse effects of high salt intake on male reproductive health. Further research is recommended to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the application of TCL extracts as a promising intervention for preserving fertility amidst dietary challenges.
Czułość piastunki. Jakie emocje wyraża Kilissa z Orestei Ajschylosa w polskich przekładach – i co z tego wynika?
Authors: Bibik Barbara
Published: December 2024

Oresteia by Aeschylus is the only extant trilogy from ancient times. In the second part of the trilogy, in Choephorae, there is a scene, when – after having received a message about the alleged death of Orestes, the only son of Clytemnestra, the queen of Argos, and her husband, Agamemnon, whom she had murdered in the first part of the trilogy – Cilissa, the Orestes’s nurse, appears in front of the palace. The scene (epeisodion), although quite short, is an extraordinary and important one. Firstly, it impacts the further action and influences the denouement of the Choephorae (it means the avenging Agamemnon’s murder). Secondly, it raises doubts mainly about the motherhood of Clytemnestra and her feelings towards her son. In this tragedy of revenge, Cilissa sounds emotional and tender. And it is particularly this aspect of tenderness and emotions on which I would like to take a threefold look concerning: linguistics (the original Greek, but mainly Polish translations with the subjectivity, creative, and active role of the translators in the process of translating taken into account), imagery (in the perspective of the cognitive linguistics approach), and interpretation (Polish translations were given in different times, starting from the 19th century, and the way Polish translators rendered relations between the play’s characters slightly differs, which influences the readers or spectators’ reception of the trilogy).
Kino, styki oraz tiki – pośród zwierciadeł przechadzających się po gościńcu
Authors: Bohdziewicz Janusz
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to discuss the concept of narration in the “electracy” (cultural phase following the orality and literacy). The article draws inspiration primarily from media theory (McLuhan, Ulmer) and comparative mythology (Campbell). The text analyzes the short film Get Lost in Great Stories (Jason Scott, 2020) which celebrates the power of big screen entertainment whilst shining a light on the overwhelming distractions in all of our everyday lives. The imaginations of cinema and media experiences included in the spot are analyzed in terms of time, space, attention, and engagement of communication participants. The text analyzed the indicated differences as manifestations of two culture models: the scene model and the interface model. The scene model assumes a separation between the work of art and the real world, as well as between the creator and the recipient. In contrast, the interface model combines reality and virtuality, influencers and followers, and describes the world of actions, rather than works of art. The essay argues that narratology is no longer useful when the „electracy” comes, but the concept of myth is more appropriate, because this term is not so much about telling a story as it is about creating a sense of intense life (Campbell). Nowadays, “comp-unication” on social media and co-creation of augmented reality are a new form of myth.
Art, Not-Art or Simply Aesthetics? (Book review: Frank Lantz, The Beauty of Games, The MIT Press, 2023)
Authors: Jankowski Filip
Published: December 2024

This article presents a critical analysis of Frank Lantz’s book The Beauty of Games. The book proposes a reevaluation of whether games can be considered art. Despite some inconsistencies, Lantz shifts the focus to a less controversial question: whether all games can be regarded as aesthetic objects. He structures his arguments by referencing various types of games – from board and card games to contemporary digital artifacts. He then highlights that the beauty of games stems from the nuanced simulations of the real worlds that these games emulate. Lantz emphasizes the role of games as cultural objects and the significance of digital games as by-products of the modern world in which we live. Although the dilemmas concerning the artistic status of games remain unresolved by Lantz, his book is written in accessible language and offers a fresh perspective on the issue of the relationship between games and art.
Obstacles to Macrosecuritization of Global Threats: Cases of Nuclear Weapons and Climate Change
Authors: Uchaev Ye. I. , Kvartalnov A. A.
Published: December 2024

Despite the multitude of attempts to macrosecuritize nuclear weapons and climate change, none of them has succeeded so far. Existing studies struggle to convincingly explain these failures, which can be attributed both to the general neglect of unsuccessful cases of securitization and to the disparate, ad hoc nature of suggested explanations. Meanwhile, it has been little noticed that, as the discourse of existential threat implies judgements about the potential finitude of objects in time, there is a close link between securitization and temporality. By defining humanity’s time as potentially finite, the attempts to macrosecuritize nuclear weapons and climate change clash with the dominant indefinite temporality of modernity, as well as with the system of sovereign states that depends on indefinite temporality as its ideational condition of possibility. Consequently, macrosecuritizing moves, on the one hand, end up attempting to delegitimize and transform the system of sovereign states. On the other hand, the social structure of this system nudges the actors to ‘eternalize’ nuclear weapons and climate change, that is, to interpret them as compatible with humanity’s indefinite existence in the world. We demonstrate the workings of these ideational mechanisms during the discussions on international control of atomic energy in the 1940s and during the debates on international climate cooperation in 19871992. The cases show how, operating within a state-centric international political structure, policy makers are indeed inclined to ‘eternalize’ global existential threats.
Laboratorio de experimentación remota
Authors: Camejo Aviles Ivana Elena , Galembeck Eduardo , Flores Espejo Julia
Published: December 2024

El Laboratorio de Experimentación Remota tiene las potencialidades para enseñar sobre el proceso epistemológico, problemático y social de construcción del conocimiento científico, mediante una didáctica de las ciencias explícita, que presente el diálogo entre los aspectos teóricos metodológicos fundamentales construidos sobre los procesos, conceptos y fenómenos científicos, orientados a la consolidación de la alfabetización científica, y de la Metacognición a través de la observación, formulación de preguntas, búsqueda de información de calidad, formulación y contrastación de hipótesis, análisis, reflexión, argumentación y socialización. El propósito central de esta investigación de innovación didáctica es aumentar los niveles de inclusión y acceso de la experimentación didáctica en la educación científica pública, con enfoques investigativos durante el proceso enseñanza de la Fotosíntesis.
Os estilos de pensamento de professores que ensinam biodiversidade na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupé
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda Feitoza de , Silva-Forsberg Maria Clara
Published: December 2024

Trata-se de caracterizar o estilo de pensamento de professores que ensinam sobre biodiversidade nos anos iniciais em escolas ribeirinhas da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) do Tupé, Manaus, AM. Os professores responderam a um questionário e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. A organização e análise dos dados foi baseada na Análise Textual Discursiva – ATD e na epistemologia de Ludwik Fleck. O estilo de pensamento sobre biodiversidade adveio da vivência dos professores nas comunidades da RDS do Tupé e também traz aspectos relacionados a sua formação inicial, mesmo que limitados. A conservação da biodiversidade é enfatizada pelos professores e está presente nas atividades propostas. Registrou-se a necessidade de aproximação das escolas/professores com suas respectivas comunidades.
Assessment of Novel Food Galacto-Oligosaccharides (Oligomate ®55N) for a Change to the Conditions of Use in Food Supplements (RP1770)
Authors:   Food Standards Agency,   Food Standards Scotland
Published: December 2024

Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd (“the applicant”) submitted a novel food application for the authorisation of a change to the conditions of use of galacto-oligosaccharides as a novel food (product trade name Oligomate ®55N) in food supplements to each nation of Great Britain in October 2022.

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have been the subject of several prior applications in the EU, under Regulation (EC) 258/97 applicable to GB. Oligomate ®55N, a ≥55% GOS containing product, was authorised in the EU (and UK) in 2013 following an opinion through the substantial equivalence process of Regulation (EC) 258/97 by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) (FSAI 2013). GOS are currently authorised for use in several food and drinks categories for the general population including infant and baby food and formulas and food supplements.

This application seeks to modify the conditions of use in food supplements at a higher maximum intake level than currently authorised. GOS are a source of non-digestible prebiotic fibre. GOS are manufactured by enzymatic conversion of milk lactose by two β-galactosidase enzymes produced from yeast strains: Sporobolomyces singularis and Kluyveromyces lactis and then purified into a syrup (≥55% GOS by dry weight).

This change to the conditions of use of the GOS novel food ingredient had its application for authorisation assessed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which was published in January 2021. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) have reviewed the information available, including the EFSA opinion, and confirmed that GOS are safe under the proposed change to the conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and use in food supplements were not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous.

This safety assessment represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS.
Safety Assessment of UV-treated Agaricus Bisporus Mushroom Powder With Increased Vitamin D2 as a Novel Food for Use in Food and Food Supplements (RP1550)
Authors:   Food Standards Agency,   Food Standards Scotland
Published: December 2024

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) received an application from Monterey Mushrooms, LLC (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of UV-treated Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Powder with increased vitamin D2 as a novel food in April 2022.

The novel food is an ingredient produced by the exposure of A. bisporus mushrooms to ultraviolet light which catalyses the conversion of endogenous ergosterol within the mushrooms to vitamin D2. The mushrooms are then dehydrated and ground into a powder.

The novel food contains vitamin D2 content ranging between 125-463 μg/g and is intended to be used as ingredient to achieve a maximum dose of vitamin D2 of 2.25 μg/100 g for food products, and 1.125 μg/100 mL for beverages. In food supplements the proposed maximum dose of vitamin D2 is 15 μg/day in food supplements for the general population older than 1 year of age and at 10 μg/day in food supplements for infants from 7 to 11 months.

To support the FSA and FSS in their evaluation of the application, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) were asked to review the safety dossier and supplementary information provided by the applicant. The views of the Committee were taken into account by the FSA and FSS who concluded that the applicant had provided sufficient information to assure the novel food, UV-treated A. bisporus Mushroom Powder with increased vitamin D2, was safe under the proposed conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and the intended use in food and food supplements was not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous.

This safety assessment represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS.
Peran Notaris Sebagai Profesi Penunjang Pasar Modal Dalam Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Adanya Praktik "Insiders Trading”
Authors: Rifki Saputra Muhamad
Published: December 2024

Peran notaris dalam pasar modal sangat signifikan, terutama dalam memastikan keterbukaan informasi yang mendukung transparansi dan efisiensi pasar. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran notaris sebagai profesi penunjang pasar modal, yang diwajibkan untuk mematuhi kode etik dan standar profesi dalam melindungi masyarakat dari praktik "insider trading." Menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, studi ini mengidentifikasi pentingnya akta otentik dalam transaksi pasar modal serta tanggung jawab notaris terhadap keterbukaan informasi yang akurat. Notaris memiliki akses langsung ke informasi material yang berpotensi mempengaruhi harga sekuritas. Hal ini menimbulkan tantangan etis, karena notaris harus menjaga kerahasiaan informasi sementara juga memastikan keterbukaan yang diperlukan untuk melindungi investor. Tindakan yang tidak sesuai dapat menempatkan notaris dalam posisi pelanggaran hukum, termasuk potensi "insider trading." Studi ini menekankan bahwa pengaturan yang lebih tegas dan pengawasan ketat terhadap peran notaris diperlukan guna memperkuat integritas pasar modal dan melindungi kepentingan publik. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk memperbarui undang-undang terkait serta meningkatkan kesadaran investor terhadap risiko pasar modal
The Legal Framework for B.O.T. Contracts in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Aboelazm Karem Sayed , Tawakol Fady , Ibrahim Emad , Ramadan Saad Ali
Published: December 2024

Objective: This paper sheds light on the legal nature of B.O.T. contracts in light of the distinction between administrative contracts, private law contracts, and international investment contracts. The paper also provided an analysis of the B.O.T. contract and the different types of this type of public-private partnership contract.
 
Theoretical Framework: The paper also aimed to analyze the legal frameworks regulating contracting with the B.O.T. system in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. In addition, it will examine the constitutional framework for concession contracts in general and B.O.T. contracts. Considering this, the study relied on descriptive and analytical approaches. The study found that multiple laws in Egypt regulate and govern contracting with the B.O.T. system in the fields of roads, airports, electricity, and railways. In the United Arab Emirates, one law regulates contracting with the B.O.T. system in all fields.
 
Method: In this research, we relied on the descriptive analytical method as a fundamental approach in monitoring and analyzing the concept of B.O.T. contracts. The content analysis approach was also relied upon in analyzing the legal and constitutional texts governing the contract of obligation in its traditional and modern sense, represented by the B.O.T. contract.
 
Results and Discussion: Considering the contracts of public utility obligations under the B.O.T. system as administrative contracts, the disputes that arise regarding these contracts are subject to the jurisdiction of the administrative judiciary of the State Council.
 
Research Implications: The contract for the concession of public facilities to the B.O.T. system is an administrative contract under what has been established in jurisprudence, as well as by what is stipulated in the law of the State Council, as this contract is considered a contract of concession, but in an advanced form of it.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by explaining the legal framework for BOT contracts in the comparative context.
Mediating Transformational Leadership and Employee Performance through Organizational Culture
Authors:   Graduate School in Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Lampung, Indonesia, . Hidayat , Djimad Habibullah ,   Graduate School in Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Lampung, Indonesia, Mardiana Nova ,   Graduate School in Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Lampung, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

Leadership style has been believed to have an influence on employees or subordinates in an organization. Transformational leadership can affect the ability and performance of subordinates in achieving predetermined goals. The organizational culture that prevails in an organization can also affect employee performance. This study aims to determine the influence of transformational leadership style on employee performance through organizational culture as a mediating variable in PTPN I Region 7 employees in the Southern Sumatra region. This study uses a quantitative design approach with ex post facto by using a survey method in collecting data. This study used primary data of 310 respondents taken using a questionnaire on transformational leadership style, organizational culture, and employee performance distributed to all employees at the company. The research data analyzed uses Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with partial least square (PLS). The results of the study show that not all these studies support the hypotheses proposed, namely that transformational leadership style does not have a significantly positive effect on employee performance but has a significantly positive effect on employee performance through organizational culture. Transformational leadership style has a significantly positive effect on organizational culture and organizational culture has a significantly positive effect on employee performance, so that organizational culture can be a mediating variable on the positive influence of transformational leadership style on employee performance at PTPN I Region 7. The results of the study suggest that leaders pay more attention to employees as personal individuals, as employees in the organization, and encourage their employees to be more active in improving their negotiation skills.
User-Centric Customization for CMS Platforms: AI Solutions
Authors:   USA, Thopalle Praveen Kumar
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses how to make the WordPress CMS easier to customize for the layperson. Even WordPress customization, even when popular, requires
an amount of technical knowledge and a non-technical user cannot make the most of it. This research aims to resolve this discrepancy by suggesting some
options that can be easily customized.
We conducted usability tests and questionnaires to assess the impact of these feature requests and found that users struggled less and felt more satisfied.
The solutions presented here do not just make customization easy, but also aim to empower the users to design their own websites without having to rely
on developers or advanced technical knowledge.
Overall, the study tries to simplify WordPress and make it easier for everyone, no matter what technical level, to personalize their site to suit their needs
and desires.
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Harnessing Data and AI for Financial Advantage
Authors:   NC, USA, Ethirajulu Balaji
Published: December 2024

Financial services are under the Digital revolution driven by data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI). Using these technologies, financial institutions can gain a competitive advantage, improve their decision-making, and improve customer experience.
The Role of Cybersecurity in Combating Digital Crime – A Technical Perspective
Authors:   MNIT, MN, USA, Madupati Bhanuprakash
Published: December 2024

Cybercrime refers to the crime perpetrated on digital platforms, and it has emerged as a growing phenomenon in the contemporary world, affecting
everyone, including individuals, business entities, and governments. This further means that as the scale and complexity of these threats rise, the need
for effective cybersecurity mechanisms also rises. As pointed out in this paper, the technical aspect of cyber security deals with identifying, avoiding, and
fighting against cybercrime. Covering tactical areas, including AI-based threat identification, big data analysis, infrastructure protection, cyber forensics,
and legal regulation, this paper investigates how new technologies and approaches are used to counter cyber threats. Thus, based on the latest theoretical
findings and practical advancements, the study will highlight the importance of cybersecurity for protecting the digital environment.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Accessibility Features in Workplace Document Tools
Authors:   USA, Sarangam Anand
Published: December 2024

Accessibility features of Workplace document tools such as Microsoft Office and Google Docs in terms of their impact on people with disabilities
are researched. The paper examines the key features, including compatibility with the feature of screen readers and voice-to-text input and keyboard
navigation, while discussing the issues faced. Emerging technologies like AI are described and the possible applications of such technology in
improving accessibility and recommendations for further improvement.
Ensuring FHIR Compliance and Security in Salesforce for Healthcare Systems
Authors:   Salesforce Developer, USA, Mamidi Satwik
Published: December 2024

It has been a highly challenging factor for the healthcare industry due to increasing concerns about data
breaches. In this regard, the implementation of robust FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) in
the salesforce to improve healthcare systems has been a highly important factor that particularly helps in
exploring related configurations of security systems. Even alignment of FHIR can prove to be an effective
data architecture for Salesforce.
Therefore, integration of a robust FHIR system can allow for enhancement of the integrity of sensitive data
and improve operational efficiency ultimately leading to achieving a cohesive digital infrastructure in the
streamlined operation within the healthcare industry as it allows for strengthening security.
Implementasi Kebijakan Turisme Berkesinambungan di Kabupaten Banyuwangi Periode 2010-2021 dan Periode 2021-2024
Authors: Syah Kansul Fikri , Adi Isbandi Rukminto
Published: December 2024

Banyuwangi Regency is considered successful in implementing sustainable tourism policies, as evidenced by the many awards and the designation of Banyuwangi as part of the global geopark chain known as Ijen UNESCO Global Geopark. This cannot be separated from natural potential, rich flora and fauna, cultural diversity and geographical location as well as the commitment of local governments in implementing these policies. Then what becomes interesting is when there is a change of government, whether the implementation of sustainable tourism policies continues or whether there are changes such as differences and similarities between the two periods. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach, while data collection is through related documents, non-partisan observation, and in-depth interviews with 16 informants. The results of the research are that there are differences in the implementation of sustainable tourism policies, in the period 2010 to 2021 prioritizing development through tourism instruments for local economic development and creating social welfare, and in the period 2021 to 2024 using instruments to strengthen the local economy with micro and small business policies and medium to generate economic capital in the community during and after the Covid-19 pandemic, but without abandoning the implementation of sustainable tourism policies.