bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytotoxicity of Delayed Applications of Flumioxazin on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Johnson W. Carroll , Prostko Eric P. , Mullinix Benjamin G.
Published: July 2006

Trials were conducted under weed-free conditions in 2001, 2002, and 2003 on a loamy sand soil in Georgia to investigate the phytotoxicity of flumioxazin on peanut, and in separate trials, the effects on peanut maturity. The first study evaluated time of flumioxazin application (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 d after planting [DAP]) and flumioxazin rate (nontreated, 71, and 105 g ai/ha). Peanut (variety ‘C99R’) were seeded 3.2 cm deep and irrigated immediately after seeding. Flumioxazin applied to peanut 6, 8, and 10 DAP significantly injured peanut (20 to 59%) early season, with more phytotoxicity from flumioxazin at 105 g/ha than 71 g/ha. However, peanut stand was not reduced by any of the times of application or rates. Peanut recovered by midseason, except in cases of severe (up to 49%) visual phytotoxic injury. Peanut yields were not affected by either flumioxazin application timing or rate. The second study (variety ‘Georgia Green’) evaluated flumioxazin applied at 105 g/ha at varying intervals after planting to determine the phytotoxic effects on peanut maturity using the hull-scrape method. Peanut maturity was delayed by flumioxazin when applied 1 d after planting and later. These results show that the optimum time of application is from immediately after planting to 2 d after planting, but ideally, the application should be made immediately after planting. The highest recommended flumioxazin rate, 105 g/ha, is not significantly phytotoxic when applied within the recommended range of timings and has no effect on yield. However, there is potential for yield loss as peanut maturity is delayed in cases of severe injury.
Desiccant Activity of Short Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Coleman Robert , Penner Donald
Published: July 2006

In an effort to find safe natural products to function in traditional agricultural chemical roles, short-chain fatty acids were evaluated as desiccants for dry beans. Desiccation was evaluated in greenhouse studies on three dry bean cultivars: ‘Montcalm’ kidney, ‘Midnight’ black turtle, and ‘Vista’ navy bean. Caprylic (C8) and pelargonic acid (C9) were the most effective in the C2 through C10 range. Effective emulsifiers with C8 were Henkel Emsorb 6900 and Henkel Emsorb 6915. Organosilicone, saponified, methylated, and ethylated seed oil activator adjuvants enhanced the efficacy of the caprylic acid. C8 was also phytotoxic to velvetleaf, giant foxtail, and common lambsquarters; esters of C6, C8, and C10 fatty acids were comparatively less effective than C8.
On the Ia–S relation of the SCS-CN method
Authors: Jain M.K. , Mishra S.K. , Suresh Babu P. , Venugopal K.
Published: July 2006

The initial abstraction (Ia) versus maximum potential retention (S) relation in the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) methodology was revisited, and a new non-linear relation incorporating storm rainfall (P) and S was proposed and tested on a large set of storm rainfall-runoff events derived from the water database of United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS). Employing root mean square error (RMSE), the performance of both the existing and proposed models was evaluated using the complete database, and for model calibration and validation, data were split into two groups: based on ordered rainfall (P-based) and runoff (Q-based). A specific formulation of the proposed model Ia=λS(P/(P+S))α with λ=0.3 and α=1.5 was found to generally perform better than the existing Ia=0.2S, and therefore was recommended for field applications. When evaluated using the observed Ia data, the proposed version performed significantly better than the existing one.
Determination and evaluation of some physicochemical parameters in the Dardanelles (Canakkale Strait, Turkey) using multiple probe system and geographic information system
Authors: Türkoğlu M. , Baba A. , Özcan H.
Published: July 2006

The Dardanelles (Canakkale Strait) is a water passage connecting the Aegean Sea and Sea of Marmara. The average depth of the Dardanelles is 60 m; the deepest part reaches more than 100 m. Environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids were measured at different depths in the Dardanelles. The sampling period was between December 2002 and March 2003. All the data was measured by a YSI 6600 Model Multiple Probe System. Also, a Geographic Information System was used to create a tabular and spatial database, with the aim of integrating the physicochemical properties in the Dardanelles. Temperature and salinity profiles by the Geographic Information System showed that there was stratification and formation of two different water masses in the Dardanelles. The measurements showed that lower layer waters (>20 m) are saltier than upper layer waters of the Dardanelles. Therefore, the lower layer waters also hold higher values for total dissolved solids. Although the temperature and salinity characteristics of the Dardanelles are specific due to its topographic structure and some fresh water discharges, the stratification in the Dardanelles is generally similar to other parts of the Turkish Strait System (Bosphorus and Sea of Marmara) because of large salinity differences between the Aegean and Black Sea.
Recharge origin, overexploitation, and sustainability of water resources in an arid area from Azraq basin, Jordan: case study
Authors: Bajjali William , Al-Hadidi Khair
Published: July 2006

The Azraq groundwater basin, found in Jordan, is an important resource for available water to the public. Its magnitude and value has been decreasing for the last two decades. The groundwater level has been declining on a yearly basis since the 1980s, and over-pumping, which has tripled since 1983, has led to the drying up of major springs in the 1990s.

Overexploitation is considered as the adverse effect on groundwater mass balance, where the abstraction increases yearly and beyond the safe yield. Over-pumping and irrigation activities cause groundwater to become more saline.

The isotopic composition of groundwater is divided into two groups. The first group is associated with EMWL, and the second with GMWL. The recharge origin of the first group, which includes the upper and middle aquifers, originate from outside the Azraq basin with a land elevation higher than 1150 m asl. The groundwater of the second group is considered palaeowater. No major recharge component is identified in the basin. Accurate and reliable scientific approaches are indispensable to better understand, plan and manage the groundwater resources.
Influence of climate warming on Hálslón Reservoir sediment filling
Authors: Gardarsson Sigurdur Magnus , Eliasson Jonas
Published: July 2006

Hálslón reservoir is the main reservoir of the Kárahnjúkar hydropower project in the eastern highlands of Iceland. Studies for the environmental impact assessment for the hydropower project showed that sediment will fill the reservoir in about 500 years based on the present sediment transport rate. The main source of the sediment is the Brúarjökull outlet glacier which is a part of the Vatnajökull ice cap. Recent studies of the influence of climate warming on glaciers in Iceland show that they will decrease significantly and, in some cases, completely disappear during the next few hundred years. In this study, a glacier melt model for the Brúarjökull outlet glacier is constructed to predict how fast the glacier will retreat in response to accepted climate warming scenarios. The results from the glacier model are then used as input to a sediment transport mass balance model for the Hálslón reservoir, which predicts the influence of the retreat of the glacier on the sedimentation in the reservoir. The modeling shows that, instead of the reservoir being completely full of sediment in 500 years, the Hálslón reservoir will at that time still have about 50–60% of its original volume as the sediment yield will decrease as a result of the decreasing glacier size.
The effect of edge interlaminar stresses on the strength of carbon/epoxy laminates of different stacking geometry
Authors: Stevanovic Momcilo , Gordic Milan , Sekulic Daniela , Djordjevic Isidor
Published: July 2006

The effect of edge interlaminar stresses on strength of carbon/epoxy laminates of different stacking geometry: cross-ply, quasi-isotropic and angle-ply laminates with additional 0? and 90? ply was studied. Coupons with two widths of laminates with an inverse stacking sequence were tested in static tensile tests. The effect of edge interlaminar stresses on strength was studied, by comparing the values of the tensile strength of laminate coupons of the same width with an inverse stacking sequence, as well as, by comparing the values of the tensile strength of the same lay-up laminate coupons but of different widths. The edge effects were analyzed by observing failure, identifying the interlayer where axial cracks at the free edge were initiated or inhibited and by computing interlaminar stresses and strains in the interlayer near the free edge of the coupon. The established edge effect was first correlated to the sign of the normal edge interlaminar stress. The extent of the edge effect was then successfully correlated to the edge interlaminar normal stress normalized to the size of the edge boundary region in which the stress appeared.
Etiology, pathophysiology and conservative management of degenerative joint disease
Authors: Jandric Slavica
Published: July 2006

Etiology of degenerative joint diseases Etiology of degenerative joint diseases is still not clearly understood and there is no specific management for this group of diseases. Various pathological conditions cause damage of the articular cartilage and lead to clinically and radiographically recognized impairment. Biomechanical, metabolic, genetic factors inflammation and other risk factors contribute to development of osteoarthrosis. Pathophysiology of degenerative joint diseases Osteoarthrosis is characterized by progressive erosion of articular cartilage and bone overgrowth at the joint margins. Cartilage integrity requires balance between synthesis and degradation of matrix components. Chondrocytes react to various mechanical and chemical stresses in order to stabilize and restore the tissue. Failures in stabilizing and restoring the tissue lead to cartilage degeneration that may be irreversibile. For better understanding of conservative management of degenerative joint diseases it is important to know the impact of pathophysiology mechanisms on development of degenerative joint diseases. There is great variability in the rate of progression of erosive processes in articular cartilage in clinical radiographic signs and course of the disease. This is in relation with many factors, as well as with management and response to therapy. Treatment of degenerative joint diseases Treatment should vary depending on the severity of disease and patient's expectations and level of activity. Besides analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, conventional and not conventional treatment and techniques can be used for management of osteoarthrosis. Physical therapy and exercises are very important for maintaining muscle strength, joint stability and mobility, but should be closely monitored for optimal efficacy.
Effects of ramipril therapy on some components of insulin resistance syndrome in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Bojovic Ljiljana , Micic Dragan
Published: July 2006

Essential hypertension presents a component of insulin resistance syndrome. Insulin resistance exists whenever normal concentration of hormone produces less than normal biologic response. This prospective clinical study included 15 patients (7 male and 8 female), with normal glucose tolerance, aged 53,24 ? 6,60 years, BMI 26,97 ? 1,24 kg/ m2, with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension before and after ramipril treatment lasting 12 weeks. For assessment of peripheral insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness we used a reduced samples Bergman's Minimal Model method. At week 12, we noted a 50% elevation of mean insulin sensitivity index, but without achieving normal reference values (Si = 1,22 ? 0,66 vs 1,78 ? 0,8 x 10-4 min/?U/ml). Glucose effectiveness, plasma lipids and electrolytes were relatively unchanged. Haemoglobin and platelet count were significantly decreased. Being metabolically neutral, with antithrombotic activity, ramipril can be recommended for treatment of patients with hypertension and insulin resistance, especially for patients with accompanied diabetes mellitus.
Parameters of phoniatric examinations for solo singers
Authors: Mitrovic Slobodan , Jovic Rajko , Aleksic Vesna , Cvejic Biserka
Published: July 2006

Introduction A phoniatrist analyzes the professional's voice at the beginning of his vocal studies or career but also later, in cases of voice disorder. Phoniatric examination of professional singers must be done according to "all inclusive" protocols of examination. Such protocols must establish the status of basic elements of phonatory system: activator generator and resonator of voice and articulatory space. Anamnesis All patients requiring phoniatric examination no matter if they are candidates for professional singers, need to provide anamnestic data about their previous problems regarding voice or singing. Clinical examination This examination is necessary and it must include: examination of nose, cavum oris, pharynx, ears and larynx. Subjective acoustic analysis This analysis is based on evaluation of physiological and pathophysiological manifestations of voice. Musical voice range Determination of musical voice range during phoniatric examination does not intend to make any classification of voice, nor to suggest to vocal teacher what he should count upon from future singers. Musical range can be determined only by a phoniatrist skilled in music or with musical training, but first of all vocal teacher. Objective acoustic analysis These methods are used for examination of phonatory function, or laryngeal pathology. They are not invasive and give objective and quantitative information. They include laryngostroboscopy, spectral analysis of voice (sonography) and fundamental parameters of voice signal (computer program). Speech examination Articulation is very important for solo singers, because good articulation contributes to qualitative emission of sound and expression of emotions. Hearing tests Tonal-threshold audiometry is performed as a hearing test. Additional tests They include rhinomanometry, vital capacity measurements maximal phonation time and phonation quotient. Conclusion Phoniatric examination is a necessary proceeding which must be performed before admission to the academy of solo singing, and then during singers' education and career. The phoniatric protocol must include a minimal number of parameters, which can be increased if required. All parameters of phoniatric examination must be adequatly evaluated by experts.
Psychological evaluation of patients with a thyroid nodule before and after surgical treatment
Authors: Caparevic Zorica , Diligenski Vladimir , Stojanovic Dragos , Bojkovic Gradimir
Published: July 2006

Introduction Association between endocrine and mental disorders has been recognized a long time ago, as well as their mutual dependence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological structure of patients with thyroid nodule before and after surgical treatment. Material and methods In order to establish the type and degree of psychological disorders, we have examined 60 patients with thyroid nodule before and after surgical treatment by using DSM-IV classification of mental disorders and psychological instruments: semi structured psychiatric interview, MMPI, Zung Depression Scale and a list of panic symptoms. Patients with nonautonomous ("cold") nodules presented as euthyroid, and those with autonomous ("hot") nodules (after a period of drug therapy if they were hyperthyroid), required surgery. After a period of drug therapy two groups of patients were compared: group 1- euthyroid with "cold" nodules and group 2 - euthyroid with "hot" nodules. Before surgical treatment both groups under went psychological evaluation. Group 2 presented with: anxiety, depression and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (72%, 46%, 28%) while group 1 presented with following results: 48%, 23%, 14% respectively. After surgical treatment patients from group 1 presented with psychologic disorders in less than 1%. Discussion and conclusion In some physical disorders, psychologic factors contribute directly or indirectly to the etiology, in others, psychologic symptoms are the direct results of a lesion affecting neural or endocrine organs. One of the key etiological factors is often a short-time or long-time stress and its direct consequence is altered functioning of various hormonal systems. Unexpected high percentage of psychological disorders in patients with thyroid disorders suggests that psychological evaluation before and after surgical treatment is unavoidable for good assessment and choice of treatment. These patients need psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatment.
A gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Case report
Authors: Till Viktor , Djolai Matilda , Pilipovic Borut , Senicar Slavica , Hadnadjev Ljiljana , Mirkovic Milan
Published: July 2006

Introduction Gastrointestinal stromal tumors represent extremely rare tumors of the gastrointestinal system, especially when localized on the small intestine. Case report We report a case of a female patient, with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and severe anemia, caused by gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the small intestine. After negative endoscopic findings, she underwent radiological examination of the small intestine. Primary diagnostic radiological evaluation included: small intestine passage enteroclysis, computed tomography of the abdominal cavity and selective angiographic study of the three major aortic branches that supply the gastrointestinal tract in the abdomen (celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery). Secondly, ultrasound of abdominal cavity was performed. Findings of small intestine passage and enteroclysis were negative. The tumor was visualized by computed tomography and ultrasound, but without distinctive anatomical localization in the abdominal cavity. Discussion The diagnostic dilemma has been resolved by using selective angiographic examination of celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery and thus a tumor formation was visualized in the mesenterium of the small intestine. Radiological findings were confirmed by surgery. Histopathological findings were positive for gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Conclusion Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the small intestine rarely cause recurrent bleeding, but they should be included in differential diagnosis.
Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland
Authors: Caparevic Zorica , Stojanovic Dragos , Bojkovic Gradimir , Lalosevic Djordje , Stojanovic Mirjana
Published: July 2006

Introduction Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland can be defined as a lymphoma arising from the thyroid gland. Lymphomas of the thyroid gland represent less than 5% of primary thyroid neoplasms and are two to three times more common in women than in men, whereas the median age is usually close to 60 years. Majority of thyroid lymphomas are diffuse, large-cell lymphomas. The incidence of thyroid lymphomas in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis has markedly increased and this phenomenon is probably related to their pathogenesis. Clinical presentation Unlike most other thyroid neoplasms, lymphomas are usually rapidly enlarging masses and local symptoms are common: pain, hoarseness, dysphagia, and dyspnea or stridor. Diagnosis To evaluate the extent of disease, a chest x-ray and CT scans of the head and neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis are necessary. An excisional or large-needle biopsy may also be necessary to make the correct diagnosis. Occasionally, these tumors can be confused with anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, which can lead to serious mistakes in management. A gallium scan or a positron emission tomography (PET) scan can help later to establish whether any residual abnormality, observed on x-ray studies after treatment, contains active lymphoma or scar tissue. After diagnosis, patients are clinically staged (without surgery) using appropriate computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging. Therapy Assessment of the extent of thyroid lymphomas is crucial for prognosis and treatment. Total thyroidectomy may improve the prognosis in patients with intrathyroidal disease only. It is very important to identify patients with favorable prognostic factors and to treat them with standard chemotherapy (CHOP) and radiotherapy protocols. Patients with diffuse large-cell primary thyroid lymphomas should not be treated with radiation therapy alone. Conclusion The best treatment results for malignant lymphomas of the thyroid gland are achieved using a combined-modality therapy.
Positioning of anterior teeth in removable dentures
Authors: Strajnic Ljiljana
Published: July 2006

Introduction The aim of this paper was to present methods of placement of artificial anterior teeth in edentulous individuals. The following review takes account of the majority of papers published during the last 100 years. The review has been divided into sections regarding the method used to determine the position of artificial anterior teeth. Geometric aspect Gysi (1895-1920) produced the first scientific theory about the position of artificial anterior teeth. Physiognomic theory The aim of this theory is to find the most natural position for artificial anterior teeth for each individual. Camper's "face angle" as a physiognomic criterion, has been introduced in papers of Wehrli (1961), Marxhors (1966), Tanzer (1968), Lombardi (1973). Esthetic aspect Important names in the field of dental esthetics are: Sch?n and Singer (1961), Arnheim (1965), Krajicek (1969), Tanzer (1968), Lombardi (1973), Goldstein (1976). They have introduced principles of visual aspects for selection of contours, dimension and position of artificial anterior teeth. Constitution aspect Flagg (1880), Williams (1913) and Hrauf (1957, 1958), have considered body constitution and individual characteristics regarding position of artificial anterior teeth. Physiological theory In 1971, Marxhors pointed to the fact that the position of artificial teeth corresponds with the function of the surrounding soft tissue and from the aspect of physiognomy as well. Phonetic aspect According to Silverman (1962) artificial anterior teeth are nearest when we pronounce the sound "S". Cephalometrical research Rayson (1970), Watson (1989), Strajnic Lj. (1999), Bassi F. (2001) have presented cephalometric radiographic analyses of natural anterior teeth compared with cephalometric radiographic analyses of artificial anterior teeth. A review of dental literature shows several factors suggesting modalities which should determine the position of artificial anterior teeth. Numerous methods have been designed for evaluation of the position of artificial anterior teeth. However, there is no universally reliable method regarding determination of the position of artificial anterior teeth.
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy and its prognostic factors
Authors: Petrovic Lada , Curic Slobodan , Mitic Igor , Bozic Dusan , Vodopivec Slavenka , Sakac Vladimir , Djurdjevic-Mirkovic Tatjana , Ilic Tatjana
Published: July 2006

Introduction Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a clinicopathological entity characterized by diffuse glomerular mesangial deposition of IgA as the predominant immunoglobulin. Renal biopsy reveals a spectrum of changes in glomerula, tubulointerstitium and blood vessels. 20-50% of all patients develop end-stage renal failure 20 years after onset of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of IgAN and to analyze clinicopathological changes and prognosis of IgAN. Material and methods The study included 60 patients with biopsy-proved IgAN without some other systemic diseases or Henoch-Schonlen purpura. We analyzed clinical features of the disease, laboratory findings, findings of immunofluorescence and light microscopy and prognosis of IgAN. The study is partly retrospective and partly prospective. Results and discussion Incidence of the disease in the period 1981-1997 was 9.78%. At the moment of renal biopsy 63.16% of patients had normal renal function, 31.58% had stage I and 5.25% had stage II chronic renal failure. At the end of study 21.05% of investigated patients were included into the worse stage of renal failure in regard to the initial stage. Progression of renal damage correlated with special tubulointerstitial damage and heavy proteinuria. Conclusions In this study we found severe histopathological changes in the group with already impaired renal function and these changes correlated with laboratory findings, clinical features and prognosis. Normal renal function at the moment of renal biopsy pointed to risk for further damage. Changes in the tubulointerstitium and mesangium, heavy proteinuria and hypertension affect the disease prognosis. Evolution to the higher stage of renal failure was 1.24% per year and this requires long-term follow-up of patients with IgAN.
Investigating class II HLA antigens' association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in population of Vojvodina
Authors: Vojvodic Svetlana
Published: July 2006

Introduction Class II HLA antigens were investigated in a group of 28 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 218 healthy unrelated persons (control group) from Vojvodina. Material and methods We used a modified two-colour immunofluorescence method (serologic technique) to determine the phenotype of DR and DQ locus HLA antigens. Phenotype frequencies of class II HLA antigens were determined in both investigated groups and were used for calculating relative risk (RR). If RR was higher than 1, we calculated the population attributable risk (EF), and if RR was lower than 1, we calculated the preventive fraction (PF). Investigation of statistically significant differences in frequencies of class II HLA antigens in patients and control group was performed by using ?2 test. Results Results of investigation showed that values of RR were higher than 1 for HLA DR4 (2,808), DR10 (1,116) and DQ3 (1,386), while we noticed a statistically significant difference in frequencies of HLA DR4 (?2 test: 4,805) in patients regarding control group. HLA DQ1 antigen has a preventive role in development of IDDM due to highest value of PF (0,314). Conclusion Results of our investigation confirm that there is an association of HLA DR4 with IDDM in population of Vojvodina. High values of relative risk of IDDM, noticed in persons with HLA DR4 antigen, point to the degree of risk of IDDM, which is a disease with great socioeconomic importance in Vojvodina.
Amnioinfusion in management of patients with low amniotic fluid volume
Authors: Novakov-Mikic Aleksandra , Stojic Sinisa , Bogavac Mirjana , Mandic Aljosa
Published: July 2006

Introduction Amniotic fluid volume reduction can have serious consequences prior to 24 gestational weeks hypoplasia of fetal lungs and later in pregnancy cord compression and fetal hypoxia as well as contractions of extremities. Diagnosis of oligohydramnios is made either after a subjective estimation of amniotic fluid reduction or if the biggest amniotic fluid pocket is less than 1 cm. Amnioinfusion is a procedure during which a crystalloid solution, most often saline, is instilled into the amniotic cavity substituting amniotic fluid. To estimate the efficacy and safety of amnioinfusion using our results and literature review. Material and methods Up to 800 ml of sterile saline solution was instilled intraamniotically (10-15 ml/min) in cases where the amniotic fluid index was less than 10 and intraamniotic infection was excluded. After that, 1 g of Longaceph was given intraamniotically. Infusion was stopped immediately when 800 ml was instilled, if a subjective estimation showed that there was enough fluid or if contractions occurred. Results During a six-month period there were five amnioinfusions - four therapeutical and one diagnostic; in four cases the procedure was successful and in one preterm rupture of membranes occurred 20 hours after the procedure. The procedure was most often done in the first half of the third trimester and continuation of pregnancy in successful cases was between 4 and 5 weeks, with average fetal weight gain of about 1200 gr No complications occurred in cases where pregnancy continued. Conclusion In our preliminary study amnioinfusion led to prolongation of pregnancy in majority of cases providing better maturation of fetal lungs and higher birth weight, without any complications. Further studies are necessary to reach definite conclusions about the efficacy and safety of amnioinfusion.
Values of biochemical and sonographic parameters in early pregnancy in women with a history of recurrent abortions
Authors: Mitreski Anita , Radeka Gordana
Published: July 2006

Introduction The aim of this study was to examine interconnections between changes in serum levels of biochemical parameters during pregnancy and sonographic parameters relevant for evaluation of early pregnancy. Material and methods We analyzed serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) estradiol (E2), progesterone (PRG) and prolactin (PRL) using ELISA method, in cases of complicated pregnancies with symptoms of imminent miscarriage, and in patients with uncomplicated pregnancies. We evaluated their impact on mean gestational sac diameter (MSD), crown-rump length (CRL), inner diameter of the vitelline sac (SV), trophoblast (Trf) thickness and embryonic heart rate (STP). All results were correlated using Pearson's test and regression Results Changes in biochemical parameters of pregnancy correlate significantly with dimensions of analyzed sonographic parameters. Discussion Levels of chorionic gonadotropin affect production of ovarian and placental steroidogenesis,. Interrelations were also discussed. Conclusion Changes in biochemical values of pregnancy hormones affect dimensions of analyzed sonographic parameters. During uncomplicated pregnancy, levels of chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone and estradiol affect mean gestation-sac diameter embryo length, depth of trophoblast invasion and formation and function of vitelline sac, and thus they alter the embryonic heart rate.
Strategies for endoscopic and surgical management of common bile duct stones
Authors: Stojanovic Dragos , Stojanovic Mirjana , Milojevic Predrag , Caparevic Zorica , Lalosevic Djordje , Radovanovic Dragan
Published: July 2006

Introduction Common bile duct calculi represent a pathologic entity involving obstructive icterus, cholangitis, hepatic cirrhosis or pancreatitis. Common bile duct calculi mostly have a secondary origin (from gallbladder) in 95% of cases, while primary choledocholithiasis is rare. Classification From surgical aspect, common bile duct calculi can be: 1. Asymptomatic, without manifested symptoms or signs,2. Mobile, with intermittent biliar obstruction and disobstruction, 3. Fixed, with obstruction and signs of hepato-biliary and/or bilio-pancreatic duct, 4. Transitory, microcalculi which pass through Vater's Papilla by propulsion into duodenum with symptoms. Discussion Modern biliary surgery includes diagnosis of common bile duct calculi, and if possible preoperative endoscopic (endoluminal) surgery, which is less invasive for patients. If such approach is not possible, it is necessary to perform stone extraction and cholecystectomy. Conclusion Common bile duct calculi represent a common disease of the digestive system. Endoscopic diagnostic procedure is very important in management of choledocholithiasis Endoscopic treatment of common bile duct calculi prior to cholecystectomy is a method of choice and a strategy for associated cholecysto-choledocholithiasis.
Suicidal risk in depressive patients
Authors: Cvjetkovic-Bosnjak Mina , Soldatovic-Stajic Branislava
Published: July 2006

Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine the suicidal risk in regard to suicidal thoughts, ideas and attempts among delusional and non-delusional depressed patients. Material and methods 35 non-delusional and 30 delusional depressed patients were examined. All patients were hospitalized at the Psychiatric Clinic in Novi Sad, between 1995-2001. In regard to statistical methods t-test and multivariate discriminate analysis were used. Results Delusional depressives were older. They presented greater scores both on Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale and Beck Scale of Suicidal Thoughts. They were also at greater suicidal risk measured by Suicidal Risk Scale (M.Biro). However, delusional depressive patients plan suicide more carefully than non-delusional. Discussion and conclusion Patients with self-accusing ideas commit suicide most frequently. Delusional depressive patients were at higher suicidal risk; their suicidal thoughts were more intensive than in non-delusional patients; similar results were found in other articles as well.
Self-reported values of body weight and height in assessment of nutritional status of adolescents
Authors: Backovic Dusan , Jorga Jagoda , Marinkovic Jelena , Djordjevic Ivana
Published: July 2006

Introduction The aim of our study was to assess validity of self-reported body weight and height compared to measured values in a group of adolescents. We also investigated differences in reported and measured values and factors responsible for them in this particular population. Material and methods 295 adolescents aged 11-14 (114 boys and 131 girls) attending primary schools in central Belgrade, recorded their BMI and completed a series of questionnaires measuring body satisfaction and eating patterns. All participants were measured afterwards. Results Differences between reported and measured weights were highly significant in girls (48.84?8.42 kg vs 49.69?9.28 kg). Significant differences between reported and measured weights were established in the group of adolescents with weight problems (-3.18?4.03 kg). Adolescents on diets presented a difference of -1.36?3.36 kg. Weight problems (OR 3.72, 95%CI: 2.10-4.75) and female gender (errors occurred more often for 22%, 95%CI: 0.23-1.80) were significant predictors in multivariate regression model for discrepancy of reported and measured weights. In a multivariate regression model, where differences in BMI were dependent variable, weight category was a significant predictor, with differences being 1.65 times more common (95%CI: 1.13-2.11). Discussion Our results suggest that self-reported body weight and height have limited reliability and can be used only in normal weight male adolescents. This method should not be recommended in surveys that involve overweight and/or obese adolescents and those who are on diet.
Distribution of ABO, Rh, MNSs, Kell and Duffy blood-group antigens in population of Vojvodina
Authors: Vojvodic Svetlana
Published: July 2006

Introduction Analysis of erythrocyte blood group antigen polymorphisms and genetic variability in population of Vojvodina was performed by investigating gene and genotype frequencies which determine antigens of ABO, Rh, MNSs, Kell and Duffy blood-group systems. Material and methods We investigated 350 unrelated persons from Vojvodina in regard to appurtenance of ABO, Rh, MNSs, Kell and Duffy blood-group systems. We calculated gene, genotype, phenotype frequencies and proportion significance test. Results and discussion Results of investigation revealed that gene and genotype frequencies of investigated blood-group systems are similar to corresponding data for majority of European populations, while statistically significant differences were established in inhabitants of geographically distant regions. Values of proportion significance test revealed statistically significant differences of genotype frequencies for ABO and MNSs blood-group antigens in populations of: Australian Aborigines, Chinese population, Arabians, Blacks, Eskimos, American Indians (Navaho and Pueblo) and population of Papua New Guinea. Statistically significant differences of genotype frequencies were established in inhabitants of narrow geographical areas of Europe such as: Finland, Germany, Sweden, Albania, England and Netherlands. Conclusion Our results point to the fact that erythrocyte blood-groups have different frequencies in some parts of the world, and that there are great differences in frequencies of some blood-groups among inhabitants of various continents and races. Genetical peculiarity of the population of Vojvodina points to the fact that differences in blood-group frequencies are also present among inhabitants of narrow geographical areas.
Hyperemesis gravidarum as a psychosomatic disorder: Case report
Authors: Bjelica Artur , Zoric Davorka , Kapamadzija Aleksandra , Maticki-Sekulic Milana
Published: July 2006

Introduction Persistent severe vomiting in pregnancy is called hyperemesis gravidarum. The etiology of this disorder is still unknown. However, endocrinological disorders and psychological factors are mentioned as possible causes. Vomiting usually stops after the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. Case report A case of persistent, severe vomiting during pregnancy is reported. The patient was admitted to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Novi Sad in the 29th week gestation due to persistent vomiting from the beginning of pregnancy. A psychological evaluation including current psychological status was performed. The obtained results showed that hyperemesis gravidarum was a consequence of associated psychosocial factors, and conflicts causing somatic disorders. Conclusion Such cases point to the importance of psychotherapy in pregnancy either with or without drug therapy. In addition, we underline the importance of psychological preparation before pregnancy and better information about pregnancy and motherhood.
Parameters defining size and distribution of body fat tissue: Relationship analysis
Authors: Srdic Biljana , Stokic Edita , Polzovic Agneza
Published: July 2006

Introduction Obesity is defined as an increase of body fat mass. Regional fat distribution, especially abdominal obesity, is a very important risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic complications in obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some anthropometrics parameters and body fat mass in normal weight and obese subjects Material and methods The study group consisted of 60 obese and 60 normal-weight subjects of both sexes. All examinees underwent following anthropometrics measurements: body height, body weight, waist circumference hip circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter. We calculated values of body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to stature ratio (WSR) and sagittal abdominal diameter to height ratio (SAD/H). Body fat percent (FAT%) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis Results and discussion We have established that FAT% has the strongest correlation with BMI in all examined groups. Comparing with other body fat distribution parameters, FAT% had the best correlation with waist circumference and WHR. 13.33% of normal-weight women and 10% of normal-weight men presented with borderline increased body fat mass, whereas 6.67% of normal-weight women had increased values (normal-weight obesity). Normal-weight subjects had higher values of anthropometrics parameters comparing with normal-weight subjects with normal FAT%. Conclusion In order to achieve precise diagnosis of obesity it is necessary, apart from certain anthropometrics measurements, to establish the body fat mass, using some methods of body composition analysis. In order to identify subjects with higher risk for obesity complications, it is necessary to analyze the size of intraabdominal fat depots. We found that waist circumference, as a good predictor of specific fat distribution, also has a very good correlation with total body fat mass.
Ureteral injuries in gynecologic oncology surgery procedures
Authors: Djurdjevic Srdjan , Popov Milan , Stojanovic Sanja , Joksimovic Natasa
Published: July 2006

This study presents ureteral injuries in gynecologic oncology surgical procedures performed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Novi Sad, in the period from 1991 to 2001. Intraoperative ureteral injuries were recorded in 4 (1%) patients, including: partial ureteral dissection bilateral ureteral ligation and complete ureteral dissection bellow the lower pole. In 3 (75%) cases, injuries were recognized immediately, and surgical reparation was performed. The patient with bilateral ureteral ligation presented with increased creatinine levels, anuria and development of hydronephrosis detected by ultrasonography 24 h later. Leading reasons for operative ureteral injuries include inadequate experience of surgeons carelessness during surgery, wrong indication and wrong approach to ureter Preparation of ureter with minimal trauma, precise localization and visualization of the complete ureteral length, as well as preservation of its vascular network, are of utmost importance in prevention of injuries.
Neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with acute ischemic brain disease
Authors: Selakovic Vesna
Published: July 2006

The objective of this research was to determine the dynamics of change of neuron-specific enolase concentration in patients with acute ischemic brain disease in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. The study included 103 patients, their mean age 58-66 years. The control group consisted of 16 patients, of matching age and sex, with radicular lesions of discal origin, subjected to diagnostic radiculography. Concentration of neuron-specific enolase was measured by a flouroimmunometric method. The results showed that the concentration of neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with brain ischemic disease within first seven days significantly increased compared to the control. The highest increase of concentration was established in brain infarction, somewhat lower in reversible ischemic attack, and the lowest in transient ischemic attack. Maximal concentration was established on the 3rd-4th day upon the brain infarction. Neuron-specific enolase concentration in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma may be an indicator of pathophysiological processes in the acute phase of brain ischemia and is significant in early diagnostics and therapy of the disease.
Effects of hypoxic stress on medullary arteries of suprarenal glands
Authors: Mihalj Marija , Pilija Vladimir
Published: July 2006

Introduction It is known that suprarenal glands consist of two parts: cortex and medulla. Functional properties of circulation in these two parts are still unknown. This is a very important problem, but only a few studies have dealt with it, whereas full attention should be paid to the problem in future researches. Material and methods The experiment included 100 sexually experienced male rats which were exposed to hypoxia in testing chambers imitating conditions at 7000 m above sea level. In order to study blood vessels, we used a mixture of Indian ink and 10% solution of gelatin and injected it into the left heart ventricle. Results and discussion The most outstanding finding pointed to existence of wide ischemic areas in the outer portion of zona fasciculata, along with simultaneous strong dilatation and increased number of medullary arteries. Therefore, a conclusion can be made that the number of opened medullary arteries in the suprarenal gland depends on functional conditions and needs of the organism. The method used to present our results showed that vascular network of the suprarenal glands changed dynamically under experimental conditions. Conclusion The obtained results point to functional accommodation of vascular network of suprarenal glands affected by stress, whereas medullary arteries are of predominantly functional character.
Adrenocortical hypertension
Authors: Kostic Nada , Milosevic Maja , Jelic Svetlana , Nesovic Milica
Published: July 2006

Introduction Endocrine hypertension is almost exclusively adrenal hypertension which includes syndromes of mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid and amine excess. Aldosteronism Although primary aldosteronism accounts for less than 1% of hypertensive population, it is the most common form of endocrine hypertension and the second most common form of curable hypertension. It is possible that load in type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular fibrosis is related to aldosteronism. Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism The conventional approach to low plasma potassium level in hypertensive patients suggests mineralocorticoid excess, whereas high aldosterone level and chronically suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA) are basic for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. However, recent studies use the ratio of plasma aldosterone to plasma renin activity (ARR) in plasma. Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis between idiopathic aldosteronism (IHA) and aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) can be performed using postural testing, 18-hydro-xycorticosterone levels, adrenal computed tomograms, iodocholesterol scans and adrenal venous sampling. Glucocorticoid hypertension However, association between glucocorticoid excess and hypertension is complex and still poorly understood. Hypothesized mechanisms include: increased hepatic angiotensinogen synthesis, inhibition of vasodilator and stimulation of vasoconstrictor systems in vascular tissue, enhanced glucocorticoid-mediated vascular reactivity to noradrenaline, shifting of sodium and fluid from intracellular to extracellular compartment, and increase of local endothelial growth factor activity.
Proteinuria inducing tubulointerstitial damage
Authors: Stojimirovic Biljana , Petrovic Dejan
Published: July 2006

Introduction Glomerular basal membrane represents a mechanical and electric barrier for plasma proteins. In physiological conditions only plasma proteins of low molecular weight are completely filtered through basal membrane. Due to damages of glomerular basal membrane there is an increase in filtration of plasma proteins of moderate and high molecular weight. Proteinuria In regard to its etiology proteinuria can be prerenal, renal and postrenal. By analyzing albumin, 1-microglobulin, immunoglobulin G and 2-macroglobulin, together with total protein in urine, it is possible to detect and differentiate causes of prerenal, glomerular, tubular and postrenal proteinuria. Abnormal glomerular permeability to macromolecules results in excessive protein delivery and reabsorption in proximal tubules. Excessive reabsorption in turn may cause congestion of intracellular endocytic and biosynthetic compartments leading to NFkB-dependent and -independent gene upregulation. Among those genes, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), cytokines, osteopontin and endothelin stimulate processes of interstitial inflammation and fibroblast proliferation and are ultimately responsible for enhanced extracellular matrix deposition and renal scarring. Human tubular cells exposed to albumin and HDL increase production of endothelin-1. Endothelin-1 affects microcirculation and fibroblasts and is a monocyte chemoattractant. Specific proteins that are cytotoxic are transferrin/iron, low-density lipoprotein, and complement components, all of which appear in urine in proteinuric states. Adequate and early diagnosis and differentiation of proteinuria are of immense therapeutic importance.