bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An engineering education tool for real-time nonlinear control: Stabilization of a single link robot
Authors: Hasirci Ugur
Published: June 2015

Nonlinear control is generally considered as more complex than linear control techniques by graduate students. This is especially because the analysis and design tools for linear systems comprise mature, simple and powerful methods and so almost all undergraduate programs in system engineering provide some linear control classes. But, on the other hand, all physical systems available in nature are inherently nonlinear. Graduate-level education programs in electrical engineering should provide some courses to the learner to make them able to design and implement more realistic high performance controllers to control the engineering systems. This paper deals with the experimental demonstration of the necessity of having a real-time nonlinear control system to be able to design such controllers. Specifically, the paper is designed as a supplementary experimental tool for a nonlinear control class to boost students’ interest and encouragement in this topic. For this aim, a simple tool, a single-link robot driven by a permanent magnet direct current motor, is used to demonstrate the benefits with the real-time nonlinear control systems and to provide replication facility to an instructor. The paper explains in detail the design and implementation of a nonlinear exact-model controller assuming all the system parameters are exactly known, and then, a more realistic case, a nonlinear adaptive controller with full parameter uncertainty. An additional experiment on the effects of a non-real-time system is also presented.
Social Capital and Generosity
Authors: Glanville Jennifer L. , Paxton Pamela , Wang Yan
Published: June 2015

Although much is known about the individual-level predictors of volunteering, charitable giving, and informal helping, less is known about how the characteristics of communities shape generosity. In this article, we assess the predicted effects of both individual- and contextual-level social capital (social networks and generalized trust) on three forms of generous behavior using the European Social Survey, which provides complete data on over 30,000 respondents in 160 regions in 19 countries. The results suggest that regional-level trust is associated with more volunteering and donating to charities. In addition, regional-level social capital (the combination of trust and social ties) predicts greater volunteering. The relationship between contextual-level social capital and informal helping is weaker.
Coordinated control with electronic stability control and active front steering using the optimum yaw moment distribution under a lateral force constraint on the active front steering
Authors: Yim Seongjin , Kim Seungjun , Yun Heesung
Published: June 2015

This paper presents an optimum yaw moment distribution scheme with electronic stability control and active front steering for vehicle stability control. Direct yaw moment control is used to derive the control yaw moment needed to stabilize the lateral motion of a vehicle. The yaw moment distribution is formulated as an optimization problem, whose objective is to coordinate the braking of electronic stability control and the corrective steering obtained by active front steering. To tune the relative magnitude of the braking of electronic stability control to the corrective steering obtained by active front steering, an adaptive tuning rule is proposed. To cope with the situation that the lateral tyre force of active front steering exceeds its physical limit, a new constraint is added to the original optimization problem. To solve the problem, weighted pseudo-inverse-based control allocation is adopted. By using the vehicle simulation software CarSim®, the proposed method is shown to be effective for coordination between electronic stability control and active front steering.
Simulation analysis of low-speed front-to-rear vehicle impacts for estimating the severity of passenger injury
Authors: Han Inhwan
Published: June 2015

This paper presents practical application methods of the non-linear continuous-contact-force model developed for analysis of a low-speed collision; this is the most common type of traffic accident which also has a high rate of injury. With simulation analysis, the forces transferred through the tyres and the braking effects can be considered. The experimental data on the dynamic behaviour of the vehicles and a BioRid-II dummy measured for 13 low-speed vehicle collision tests were analysed. The results corresponded relatively well to the simulation analysis on the acceleration pulses and the whiplash-associated injury rate. For the simulation analysis of the whiplash-associated injury risk in relation to the passenger head–neck movements in front-to-rear impacts, the acceleration pulse was interfaced with a dummy-behaviour analysis program and the movements of and the injury risk to the dummies were estimated.
Adversarialism goes West
Authors: McConville Mike , Marsh Luke
Published: June 2015

This article examines the approach of criminal courts in England and Wales to case management alongside the contradictory pressures placed upon the pre-trial role of the defence advocate, when advising on plea, which have led to the erosion of the adversary ideal. It focuses on the overarching procedural code that ‘governs’ the relationship between defence lawyers and the judiciary in the conduct of criminal cases (the Criminal Procedure Rules) and draws upon a recent important decision which extends the antipathy of the courts towards adversarial advocacy. The conclusion drawn is that traditional understandings of the adversarial advocate have expired together with the duty of defence lawyers to ‘promote fearlessly and by all proper and lawful means the client’s best interests’.
Researching in atmospheres: video and the ‘feel’ of the mundane
Authors: Pink Sarah , Leder Mackley Kerstin , Moroşanu Roxana
Published: June 2015

In this article, the authors advance recent discussions of atmospheres by developing an approach that builds theory in relation to methodological understandings of how and what we can we know about atmospheres. They argue that, in order to be able to understand the significance of an atmosphere empirically, a theory is needed that can account for the specificities of particular atmospheres that are generated in the context of actual research sites, the everyday contingencies in relation to which they shift and change, and the different ways in which they might be perceived. To do this, they propose that atmospheres should be understood as part of and as emerging from within environments Simultaneously, to be able to build theory thorough empirical research, an approach is needed that is capable of researching how atmospheres are made and sensed by people in mundane everyday moments, and how they are generative of sensory, affective and empathetic forms of engagement. Situating video recording, like atmospheres, as emerging from within environments, the authors show how video ethnography can enable us to build the theoretical and empirical ambitions of this field of investigation.
Unlocking carceral atmospheres: designing visual/material encounters at the prison museum
Authors: Turner Jennifer , Peters Kimberley
Published: June 2015

Using a variety of devices from visual displays, material objects, sensory engagements and embodied performance, museums select and narrate particular moments in history to an increasingly active audience. Thus far, focus on specific elements of museum design has eluded the altogether more pervasive, intangible and complex sensations designed, engineered, co-constituted and also arising unexpectedly from these sites: atmospheres. This article draws upon a particular museum experience – that of the prison museum – to interrogate how atmospheres are a key component of re-telling the past. Here, the authors explore the production and consumption of what they term ‘carceral atmospheres’. Focusing on two prison museums, the article explores how visitors unlock experiences of incarceration via the variety of atmospheric sensations calculated and provoked in these museum settings through visual/material manifestations and cues. The authors conclude that understanding atmospheric design is vital to gaining a deeper appreciation of how heritage sites function in the 21st century.
Response of dispersed droplets to shock waves in supersonic mixing layers
Authors: Ren Zhao-Xin , Wang Bing
Published: June 2015

The response of dispersed droplets to oblique shock waves in the supersonic mixing layer was investigated using the large eddy simulation coupled with the particle Lagrangian tracking model. The generated disturbances based on the most-unstable wave model were imposed to excite the development of supersonic shear layer. The oblique shock wave was numerically introduced in the flow field. Small- and medium-sized droplets remained their preferential distribution in the vortices after crossing the shock wave, while large-sized droplet became more dispersed. The influence of shock waves on the momentum and heat transfers from surrounding gas to droplets was analyzed by tracking droplets’ motion paths. Small-sized droplets responded easily to the shock wave. Compared with the aerodynamic response, the thermal response of droplets was slower, especially under the impaction of the shock wave. The present research conclusions are conductive to analyze the mixing of air and fuel droplets and of important academic value for further understanding the two-phase dynamics in combustors of scramjet.
Demonstrating the Effect of the Built Environment on Staff Health-Related Quality of Life in Ambulatory Care Environments
Authors: Wingler Deborah , Hector Richard
Published: June 2015

Objective:

To determine the impact of the built environment on staff health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a federally qualified health center (FQHC).

Background:

Staff within FQHCs face many challenges that can significantly impact their HRQoL. Design features directed toward reducing stress have been shown to improve staff health outcomes in acute care environments. However, minimal literature exists linking design features to health outcomes within FQHCs.

Method:

A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted involving three FQHCs that contain varying levels of enhancements to their interior features. A total of 75 staff across the sites participated in the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) survey, measuring satisfaction and perceived productivity. Measurements for staff HRQoL were captured using the quality of well-being (QWB) scale, which was administered to 10 staff at each site. Standard regression diagnostics were used to examine fit and find influential observations.

Results:

QWB scores were normally distributed, and a dose–response relationship was found between QWB scores and level of enhancements. As the categories of satisfaction and perceived productivity increased, the average QWB score increased. Regression models showed overall statistical significance and predicted between a quarter to a half of the change in QWB scores.

Conclusions:

This pilot study suggests that the more enhancements included in the interior features of a FQHC, the greater the returns to staff HRQoL. Findings also suggest that staff with a lower QWB appreciate enhancements more. Design strategies associated with improved staff well-being should be evaluated in terms of the amount of HRQoL they contribute.
Shyness, Self-Construal, Extraversion–Introversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism
Authors: Afshan Ambreen , Askari Iman , Manickam Leister Sam Sudheer
Published: June 2015

Shyness is considered as a universal phenomenon and its prevalence rates vary across cultures. This study aimed at comparing the level of shyness, self-construal, and personality traits of extraversion, introversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism among the college students from India, the host country, Africa; Iran; and Maldives, and Tibetan refugees in India (TRI), studying in different colleges at Mysore, India. Two hundred students (100 men and 100 women), age ranging from 17 to 30 years, were recruited based on stratified random sampling and were administered the Henderson/Zimbardo Shyness Questionnaire, Fernandez Scale of Independent–Interdependent Self-Construal, and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised. The results showed that shyness was significantly correlated with high introversion and high neuroticism scores. The results also showed that level of shyness varies significantly across different cultural groups and students from Maldives showed highest level of shyness whereas Iranian students had the lowest level of shyness. Although there was no significant gender difference, TRI males and Maldivian females had higher scores on shyness. Faith Orientation did not differentiate the prevalence of shyness among students of the different cultural groups. Shyness may be influenced by the culture from which one hails, and its level may vary depending on the nurturance.
Permanently Desiring the Temporary? Snapchat, Social Media, and the Shifting Motivations of Sports Fans
Authors: Billings Andrew C. , Qiao Fei , Conlin Lindsey , Nie Tie
Published: June 2015

The social media application Snapchat has ascended rapidly, quickly becoming the third most utilized platform of millennials with a valuation as high as US$19 billion. A national survey of 125 respondents revealed that people using Snapchat to follow sports devote roughly the same amount of time to the platform as Facebook and more time than Twitter, Instagram, or Pinterest. Despite finding other platforms better for sport information seeking, relaxation, and interaction, respondents still reported using Snapchat as a main platform for facilitating sport fandom. Both sport fandom and identification bolstered likelihood of using Snapchat for sport-related interactions. Implications for communication and sport scholars and industry professionals are offered.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Xia-yu-xue decoction (XYXD) reduces carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis through inhibition hepatic stellate cell activation by targeting NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling pathways
Authors: Liu Cheng , Yuan Xia , Tao Le , Cheng Zhuoan , Dai Xiuqin , Sheng Xia , Xue Dongying
Published: June 2015

Background

Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is activated mainly by endotoxin and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) in chronic liver injury, consequently, can be important therapeutic targets. Xia-yu-xue decoction (XYXD), a classical recipe used in China to treat liver fibrosis, and has been revealed to inhibit hepatic fibrosis in animal models, the mechanism of action of XYXD remains elusive. In the present study, we evaluated whether XYXD reduced endotoxin and pro-fibrogenic pathways induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TGF-β1 in HSCs.

Methods

The in vivo effect of XYXD on fibrosis progression was assessed in mice model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), The in vitro effect of XYXD on mice GFP-Col-HSC cells was evaluated using LPS and TGF-β1 stimulation.

Results

XYXD treatment reduced CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and decreased hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp) content, the mRNA levels of smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Col 1(α1) in fibrotic liver. XYXD suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation induced by LPS and TGF-β1 assessed by using NF-κB-luciferase reporter. The expression of NF-κB target genes, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) induced by LPS was suppressed after XYXD treatment. The expression of TGF-β1 targets genes, Col1(α1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP1) induced by TGF-β1 was inhibit after XYXD treatment.

Conclusion

XYXD treatment attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSC activation via inhibition of NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling pathway, thereby blocking the synthesis of Col1 (α1) and TIMP-1. These findings from present study suggest that XYXD may be a therapeutic decoction for liver fibrosis in which NF-κB and TGF-β1 are thought to take part.
Ghrelin Supresses Sympathetic Hyperexcitation in Acute Heart Failure in Male Rats: Assessing Centrally and Peripherally Mediated Pathways
Authors: Shirai Mikiyasu , Joe Natalie , Tsuchimochi Hirotsugu , Sonobe Takashi , Schwenke Daryl O.
Published: June 2015

The hormone ghrelin prevents a dangerous increase in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) after acute myocardial infarction (MI), although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to determine whether ghrelin's sympathoinhibitory properties stem either from directly within the central nervous system, or via modulation of specific cardiac vagal inhibitory afferents. Cardiac SNA was recorded in urethane-anesthetized rats for 3 hours after the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (ie, MI). Rats received ghrelin either sc (150 μg/kg) or intracerebroventricularly (5 μg/kg) immediately after the MI. In another two groups, the cervical vagi were denervated prior to the MI, followed by sc injection of either ghrelin or placebo. Acute MI induced a 188% increase in cardiac SNA, which was significantly attenuated in ghrelin-treated rats for both sc or intracerebroventricularly administration (36% and 76% increase, respectively). Consequently, mortality (47%) and the incidence of arrhythmic episodes (12 per 2 h) were improved with both routes of ghrelin administration (<13% and less than five per 2 h, respectively). Bilateral vagotomy significantly attenuated the cardiac SNA response to acute MI (99% increase). Ghrelin further attenuated the sympathetic response to MI in vagotomized rats so that the SNA response was comparable between vagotomized and vagal-intact MI rats treated with ghrelin. These results suggest that ghrelin may act primarily via a central pathway within the brain to suppress SNA after MI, although peripheral vagal afferent pathways may also contribute in part. The exact region(s) within the central nervous system whereby ghrelin inhibits SNA remains to be fully elucidated.
Abdominal Fat Distribution and Cardiovascular Risk in Men and Women With Different Levels of Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Scheuer Stine H. , Færch Kristine , Philipsen Annelotte , Jørgensen Marit E. , Johansen Nanna B. , Carstensen Bendix , Witte Daniel R. , Andersen Ingelise , Lauritzen Torsten , Andersen Gregers S.
Published: June 2015

Context:

Regional fat distribution rather than overall obesity has been recognized as important to understanding the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease.

Objective:

We examined the associations of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiovascular risk factors in a Caucasian population of men and women with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or screen-detected diabetes.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

The study was based on cross-sectional analysis of data from 1412 adults age 45–80 years. VAT and SAT were assessed by ultrasound. The associations of VAT and SAT with blood pressure and lipids were examined by linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, glucose tolerance status (GTS), medication use, and body mass index. Effect modification by GTS and sex was examined, and stratified analyses performed.

Results:

Independent of SAT and overall obesity, VAT was associated with higher triglyceride and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in both men and women and additionally associated with higher total cholesterol in men. SAT was independently associated with higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in both sexes, and SAT was additionally associated with higher triglyceride and lower HDL cholesterol levels in women and with higher blood pressure in participants with diabetes.

Conclusion:

Both abdominal VAT and SAT are independent of overall obesity associated with cardiovascular risk in a population of men and women at low to high risk of diabetes or with screen-detected diabetes.
Recent Changes in the Clinical Outcome of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Jeon Min Ji , Kim Won Gu , Choi Yun Mi , Kwon Hyemi , Song Dong Eun , Lee Yu-Mi , Sung Tae-Yon , Yoon Jong Ho , Hong Suck Joon , Baek Jung Hwan , Lee Jeong Hyun , Ryu Jin-Sook , Kim Tae Yong , Shong Young Kee , Chung Ki-Wook , Kim Won Bae
Published: June 2015

Context:

The prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis has changed with increased detection of subclinical metastatic LNs. The number and size of metastatic LNs were proposed as new prognostic factors in PTC with cervical LN metastasis (N1).

Objective:

The objective of the study was to evaluate changes in N1 PTC characteristics and clinical outcome over time and to confirm the prognostic value of the number and size of metastatic LNs.

Design and Patients:

This study included 1815 N1 PTC patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2011. Patients were classified into three risk groups according to the number and size of metastatic LNs: very low risk, five or fewer and 0.2 cm or less; low risk, five or fewer and 0.2 cm or greater; and high risk, more than five.

Main Outcome Measures:

Response to initial therapy and disease-free survival (DFS) was measured.

Results:

Metastatic LNs became smaller, and the ratio of metastatic LNs, which represents the extent of LN involvement and the completeness of surgery, decreased significantly over time. The proportion of patients with excellent response significantly increased from 33% to 67% over time (P < .001). These improvements were more evident in the low- and high-risk groups than in the very low-risk group. The DFS 5 years after initial surgery was also significantly increased from 73% to 91% over time (P < .001). The new LN classification was strongly associated with outcome. Patients in the very low-risk group had longer DFS than those in the low- and high-risk groups during the study period.

Conclusions:

The clinical outcome of N1 PTC has significantly changed over time with the earlier detection of thyroid cancers with less extensive LN involvement. More complete surgical neck dissection also might be responsible for these changes. The number and size of metastatic LNs are important prognostic factors of recurrence in N1 PTC.
Meta Warrick Fuller’s Mary Turner and the Memory of Mob Violence
Authors: Beach Caitlin
Published: June 2015

In 1919 the sculptor Meta Warrick Fuller modeled the statuette Mary Turner: A Silent Protest against Mob Violence. One of the earliest three-dimensional works of art to address the subject of lynching, the sculpture was dedicated to the memory of Turner, a nineteen-year-old pregnant African American woman who had been seized and murdered by a white mob one year earlier. Fuller’s Turner bears no traces of torture and rises with her child from an abstracted heap of her attackers. This paper considers the inclusions and exclusions Fuller made in interpreting the memory of Turner’s lynching and the riot responsible for it. It seeks to understand the sculpture not only as a response to the lynching itself but also as an intervention in ways in which contemporary organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) communicated acts of racial violence to the greater public through expository text and imagery.
Faith Ringgold’s Die: The Riot and Its Reception
Authors: Monahan Anne
Published: June 2015

The year 1967 was a transitional moment for the rehabilitation of activist art and the formation of black identity. It was likewise significant for Faith Ringgold, who was preparing the solo exhibition that would introduce her to the New York art world. That summer, after riots devastated Detroit and Newark, NJ, she painted Die expressly for the show. The wall-size canvas depicts an interracial cast of clean-cut antagonists trying to kill one another.

Although the painting represented the kind of large-scale, politically motivated figuration that had been out of favor since the 1940s, it earned favorable attention from key art journals. I argue that its warm reception indexes the painting’s ability to speak differently to different constituencies, from mainstream and African American modernists to the activists in the Black Arts and peace movements then beginning to make waves. The painting’s multivocal potential encompassed an iconography that reads as either warning against or wishing for social unrest and a format that inserts the large-scale figuration of public murals into the more rarified space of the commercial art gallery.

As a microhistory focused on Die’s production and reception, this study aims to illuminate how racial politics influenced a politics of style in this volatile moment. To do so, it situates Die in relation to a mounting attention to protest, violence, social realism, and black aesthetics, especially as they crystallized in writer Amiri Baraka’s engagement with the Newark riot and in gallery director Robert Newman’s facilitation of Ringgold’s shift to large-scale imagery.
Vulnerable to Violence: Jeff Donaldson’s Ala Shango and the Erasure of Diasporic Difference
Authors: Miller Nicholas
Published: June 2015

This article examines AfriCOBRA cofounder Jeff Donaldson’s painting Ala Shango (1969) in relation to the 1968 Chicago riots and the militaristic and Pan-Africanist rhetoric of the Black Nationalist movement. Specifically, I discuss the artist’s appropriation and incorporation of a double-headed axe of Shango, the Yoruba god of fire, lightning, and thunder. The axe, wielded by the composition’s central figure, shatters the pictorial plane of the canvas, which Donaldson variously labeled Glass, Sheet, and Made in USA. I argue that, through his appropriation of African art, as well as in his channeling and innovating upon iconographic references to the riot—namely, the initial shattering of glass that directly precedes looting—Donaldson articulates an abstracted blackness where black identity, internationally, is always vulnerable to violence and requires an armed response, regardless of geographic locale.
Aesthetics of the Abstract and Explosive
Authors: McGee Julie L.
Published: June 2015

To situate this inquiry—visualizing the riot—within South Africa is to take on an overload of imagery, a saturated field, and mechanisms of seeing and framing that risk topical exhaustion, clichéd readings, or indiscriminate generalizations. Critical analysis of the dominant tropes of rioting in South Africa’s visual field, where rioting has powerful historic meaning and contemporary political agency, is overdue. Artists who take on visualizing the riot face multiple challenges, including being aesthetically pigeonholed (politically, nationally, or otherwise). Visualizing the riot in a landscape of complexity and contradiction, where one person’s protest is another’s art, is a delicate affair. The primary subject may be history, the riot, that which “incited” the riot, its visual aesthetic, or all these and more simultaneously. Does focus on the iconography of the riot displace or disenfranchise the realpolitik? Is this an art-historical question, or a matter of and for ethics and aesthetics?
Producing the Common, Dak’Art 2014: Ugochukwu-Smooth C. Nzewi in Conversation with Beth Hinderliter
Authors: Hinderliter Beth
Published: June 2015

In this interview Ugochukwu-Smooth C. Nzewi talks about curating the eleventh edition of the Dak’Art Biennale. The exhibition’s theme—“Producing the Common”—is discussed with regard to artworks that challenge the modernist utopias of the past and frame new ideas of a “global African common.” Nzewi offers insight into the anonymous exhibition within Dak’Art and his idea of a “density of the commons” and communitarian solidarity in African cultures.
A participação das bolsistas do projeto PET-saúde no entendimento dos fluxogramas e pré-natal, parto, puerpério e puericultura de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF)
Authors: Tabile Patrícia Micheli , Muller Elaine , Bernhard Thais Wilke , Koepp Janine , Possuelo Lia Gonçalves
Published: June 2015

Introdução: O fluxograma é um tipo de diagrama com representação esquemática de um processo, feito por meio de gráficos que ilustram de forma descomplicada a transição de informações entre os elementos que o compõem. Na área da saúde, o fluxograma pode ser usado para ilustrar as atividades dos serviços de saúde, possibilitando a identificação e avaliação de nós críticos com o objetivo de mudança e reformulação. Objetivo: Conhecer os fluxogramas de acolhimento, de pré-natal e de puericultura preconizados pelo Programa Ministerial Rede Cegonha e, por meio deste confeccionar os fluxogramas da ESF Menino Deus do município de Santa Cruz do Sul (RS) para nortear as ações da equipe de saúde. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, do tipo relato de caso, realizado na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) Menino Deus, no período de janeiro a setembro de 2013. Durante o período houve a participação das bolsistas do PET- Saúde – Rede Cegonha nas consultas de pré-natal, puericultura e de acolhimento para construção dos fluxogramas. Após a observação e discussão ocorreu a construção dos fluxogramas de atendimento preconizados pelo Programa Rede Cegonha de forma coletiva. Resultados e Discussão: Os fluxogramas de acolhimento, pré-natal e puericultura foram confeccionados a partir da rotina de trabalho da ESF, a avaliação de todos os processos de trabalho e fluxos envolvidos em cada etapa e o compartilhamento dessas informações possibilitou uma melhor articulação da equipe. Foi possível compreender todo o processo de trabalho e assim identificar as ações que necessitavam maior intervenção. A criação coletiva dos fluxogramas diminui o trabalho fragmentado e traz benefícios para as usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Conclusão: a confecção coletiva e a exposição dos fluxogramas de atendimento na ESF proporciona uma maior resolutividade do trabalho por parte dos profissionais de saúde, o usuário do SUS compreende melhor o seu itinerário de saúde evitando assim encaminhamentos desnecessários, pouco resolutivos e melhora a integração do acadêmico da área da saúde em relação ao ensino-serviço possibilitando a formação de profissionais mais preparados para atuar na realidade de saúde.
Case Report: Perioperative management of a pregnant poly trauma patient for spine fixation surgery
Authors: Vandse Rashmi , Cook Meghan , Bergese Sergio
Published: June 2015

Trauma is estimated to complicate approximately one in twelve pregnancies, and is currently a leading non-obstetric cause of maternal death. Pregnant trauma patients requiring non-obstetric surgery pose a number of challenges for anesthesiologists. Here we present the successful perioperative management of a pregnant trauma patient with multiple injuries including occult pneumothorax who underwent T9 to L1 fusion in prone position, and address the pertinent perioperative anesthetic considerations and management.
The necessity of studying higher brain functions from a first-person frame of reference
Authors: Vadakkan Kunjumon I.
Published: June 2015

Almost all higher brain functions are first-person properties and anyone seeking to study them faces significant difficulties. Since a third-person experimenter cannot access first-person properties, current investigations are limited to examining the latter by using third-person observations that are carried out at various levels. This limits the current studies to correlational experiments using third-person observed findings. In order to initiate a study of explanations for the first-person properties, experimental approaches should be undertaken from the first-person frame of reference. But, there is a huge barrier. I discuss my opinion for crossing this barrier using a three-stage approach – theoretical, computational and experimental – in that order. These stages will naturally lead to the gold standard of understanding the mechanism by replicating it in engineered systems. The hurdles and incentives of undertaking this approach are discussed.
The Price of Nonabandonment: HIV in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Khademi Amin , Saure Denis R. , Schaefer Andrew J. , Braithwaite Ronald S. , Roberts Mark S.
Published: June 2015

The global fight against HIV/AIDS is hindered by a lack of drugs in the developing world. When patients in these countries initiate treatment, they typically remain on it until death; thus, policy makers and physicians follow nonabandonment policies. However, treated patients develop resistance to treatment, so in many cases untreated patients might benefit more from the drugs. In this paper we quantify the opportunity cost associated with restricting attention to nonabandonment policies. For this, we use an approximate dynamic programming framework to bound the benefit from allowing premature treatment termination. Our results indicate that in sub-Saharan Africa, the price associated with restricting attention to nonabandonment policies lies between 4.4% and 8.1% of the total treatment benefit. We also derive superior treatment allocation policies, which shed light on the role behavior and health progression play in prioritizing treatment initiation and termination.
K-Adaptability in Two-Stage Robust Binary Programming
Authors: Hanasusanto Grani A. , Kuhn Daniel , Wiesemann Wolfram
Published: June 2015

Over the last two decades, robust optimization has emerged as a computationally attractive approach to formulate and solve single-stage decision problems affected by uncertainty. More recently, robust optimization has been successfully applied to multistage problems with continuous recourse. This paper takes a step toward extending the robust optimization methodology to problems with integer recourse, which have largely resisted solution so far. To this end, we approximate two-stage robust binary programs by their corresponding K-adaptability problems, in which the decision maker precommits to K second-stage policies, here -and-now, and implements the best of these policies once the uncertain parameters are observed. We study the approximation quality and the computational complexity of the K-adaptability problem, and we propose two mixed-integer linear programming reformulations that can be solved with off-the-shelf software. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our reformulations for stylized instances of supply chain design, route planning, and capital budgeting problems.
Subliminal Speed Control in Air Traffic Management: Optimization and Simulation
Authors: Rey David , Rapine Christophe , Fondacci Rémy , El Faouzi Nour-Eddin
Published: June 2015

We address the conflict resolution problem in air traffic management. It is widely acknowledged that air traffic controllers’ (ATCs) workload is related to the density of flights. ATCs’ main task is to ensure the safety of flights throughout their trips and consists of ensuring the respect of separation standards. Recently, the concept of subliminal control has emerged as a promising conflict resolution technique that could be used to reduce the impact of conflicts on ATCs’ workload. In this research, we present deterministic conflict resolution models adapted to subliminal speed control. The proposed models are formulated as nonlinear optimization problems that seek to minimize indicators related to ATCs’ workload (total conflict duration, total number of conflicts) using only minor speed adjustments. We introduce a linear approximation of the aircraft separation equations to implement the obtained mixed integer programs on a continental size air traffic network. Specifically, we develop a simulation framework aiming at reproducing realistic navigation conditions and evaluate the robustness of our conflict resolution models using a generic uncertainty model. We show that the impact of conflicts on ATCs’ workload can be significantly reduced using only limited resources, i.e., a narrow speed modulation range, even in the presence of perturbations. Further, we demonstrate that a significant share of the potential conflicts can be resolved without inducing important delays to flights. Finally, we report that our model does not require extensive computational resources as most instances can be solved to global optimality in a few seconds.
Análisis del conocimiento enfermero ante una transfusión sanguínea: revisión bibliográfica
Authors: López Lozano Beatriz
Published: June 2015

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica sobre el conocimiento y las funciones que desempeña el enfermero ante la petición de una transfusión sanguínea. Método: Revisión bibliográfica que integra el análisis de 15 artículos a través de la consulta de diferentes bases de datos: PubMed, Cuiden Plus, Scielo, Cuidatge, Tripdatabase, Cinhal e Ibecs. Se hace uso de los límites en el año (periodo del 2004 al 2014) y se incluyeron artículos tanto en castellano como inglés y portugués y se excluyeron todos aquellos artículos que hacían referencia a pediatría y a guías clínicas. Resultados: La mayor parte de los artículos analizados muestran un nivel insuficiente de conocimientos relacionado con la incorrecta identificación del paciente y del tipo de componente sanguíneo, la velocidad de administración, así como la monitorización durante el proceso de transfusión. Conclusiones: Es necesario aumentar el nivel de conocimientos por parte de los profesionales enfermeros, recibiendo una formación adecuada y una continua actualización de conocimientos ante la responsabilidad que asumen en el proceso transfusional.
Contemplation and perception energy transition states
Authors: Yupapin Preecha
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the concept of meditation and perception energy transition states is configured described by the spirit energy transitions. Being life has been jeopardized situation due to the chaotic society. The technique that can be used to release and recover such problems is the challenge and being proposed. There are two techniques that can lead to obtain the mind concentration, where they are meditation ad mind-body considerations that have been successfully used for years. The descriptions of meditation and perception are performed by the spirit energy transitions of eight and sixteen levels respectively. The transition states and energy levels are explained, which can be useful for practitioners and world society.
"'SLIEVEROE WEST:' AN IRISH NEIGHBORHOOD MOVES TO NEW JERSEY"
Authors: Callahan Thomas
Published: June 2015

Slieveroe West: An Irish Neighborhood Moves to New JerseyBy Thomas CallahanAbstractThis article examines the histories of several young Irish men and women who emigrated from Frenchpark, in rural County Roscommon, to northern New Jersey in the last half of the 19th century, recreating their old neighborhood and bonds of community on this side of the Atlantic. In rural Ireland the equivalent of a neighborhood is the townland. This article employs the tiny townland of Slieveroe to examine Irish migration and community development in New Jersey. A majority of the fifteen families who lived in Slieveroe and its environs sent sons and daughters to the Garden State, most to West Orange. The factors which drove or lured them out of Ireland are briefly discussed, then, more substantially, the article investigates the reasons why these young Irish men and women chose to relocate in this Newark suburb, how they maintained their personal bonds, and how they kept also in close touch with the families they had left behind. Though separated by thousands of miles, they still considered themselves to be one community, some in Ireland and some in New Jersey, sharing a common experience.
"'TOO MUCH SINGING:' CHRISTIANITY AND THE LIMITATIONS OF NONVIOLENCE IN THE GHETTO"
Authors: Lahey Laurie
Published: June 2015

Established in 2012, the New Jersey Studies Academic Alliance (NJSAA) Graduate Student Award recognizes excellence in graduate writing about New Jersey history. It is presented for a paper written by a graduate student that best represents significant research and writing about any aspect of New Jersey history. One of two 2012 awards went to:'Too Much Singing:' Christianity and the Limitations of Nonviolence in the GhettoBy Laurie LaheyAbstractThis essay considers the impact of Christianity on radical organizing in Camden, New Jersey during the 1950s and 1960s. In this period, as the ghetto emerged as a conflicted site of revolutionary activity and material demolition, incipient interracial cooperation between African Americans and white clergy developed by virtue of a common language about poverty, which simultaneously politicized Puerto Ricans. Camden, New Jersey, at any given time, the poorest, most dangerous city in the richest, most racially segregated state in the nation, provides a unique opportunity to consider how civil rights activism evolved in a secondary city. This essay complicates the discussion of the civil rights movement by demonstrating Protestant churches' collaboration in a movement that would become dominated by Black Power politics in the late-1960s and 1970s. This essay situates the rise of ecumenical Protestant leadership in Camden within substantial ideological transitions in the city's growing minority population. This study considers how, while Camden activists lamented the lack of community involvement in social protest during the first half of the 1960s, these years were significant as tenuous relationships, galvanized by the racially ambiguous War on Poverty, formed between community leaders and religious organizations.
REVIEW: THE GOVERNORS OF NEW JERSEY: BIOGRAPHICAL ESSAYS
Authors: Salmore Barbara
Published: June 2015

The Governors of New Jersey: Biographical Essays‚Michael J. Birkner (Editor), Donald Linky (Editor), Peter Mickulas (Editor) Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2014. 440 pp., 27 illustrations, $35.95 cloth.
REVIEW: THE CONTEST FOR THE DELAWARE VALLEY: ALLEGIANCE, IDENTITY, AND EMPIRE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Waldron Richard
Published: June 2015

The Contest for the Delaware Valley: Allegiance, Identity, and Empire in the Seventeenth CenturyMark L. ThompsonLouisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 2013. xii + 265 pp.; map, reference notes, index. $48.00 cloth.
Una óptica igualitaria: Autorretratos, construcción del ser, y encuentro homosocial en una plantación bananera en Honduras
Authors: Coleman Kevin
Published: June 2015

En una imagen inédita de la década de 1930, aparece el fotógrafo Rafael Platero Paz abrazando a un estadounidense blanco cerca de un río en El Progreso, Honduras. Ambos hombres se muestran completamente desnudos y cubriendo sus genitales únicamente con una hojas. Ambos miran directamente a la cámara.

Este trabajo examina los autorretratos de Platero Paz que hemos encontrado en un archivo visual compuesto por fotos de campesinos y bananeros, de imágenes de nuevas madres y de comerciantes locales. Invocando la feonomenología de la mirada de Jean-Paul Sartre, propongo que en sus autorretratos tradicionales, Platero Paz posó para otro eventual. . Ahí estaba él, esperando el reconocimiento y la aprobación del Otro. Y en la medida en que el Otro fue postulado como el observador ideal de estos retratos, Platero Paz declaraba: “Yo soy el Otro”.  En contraste, en la foto del Jardín del Edén Platero Paz incorpora al Otro en su paisaje y declara “Yo soy nosotros”, estableciendo una relación homosocial, sino homoerótica, una relación sujeto-sujeto en el espacio hipermasculino de una plantación bananera.
Los discursos de la cocina nacional costarricense y la reubicación cultural de Guanacaste
Authors: Nikolić Mona
Published: June 2015

Durante los últimos años, frente a la creciente transnacionalización del consumo, el tema de la cocina nacional gano cada vez más importancia en Costa Rica. Además de manifestar la importancia de la cocina nacional como marcador de identidad, estos discursos dan cuenta de la renegociación de diferencias culturales y regionales que ocurre en el actual contexto de la formación de la cocina nacional costarricense. Respecto a la formación de una cocina nacional, el impacto de esta construcción en las diferentes cocinas regionales y étnicas es un tema relevante. Por la marginalización de las regiones de Guanacaste y Limón y sus habitantes en los discursos de nacionalidad costarricense del pasado, es interesante examinar las cocinas de estas provincias.

Este artículo trata la discusión local del concepto de la cocina nacional costarricense. Recurriendo a los resultados de mi trabajo de campo en Guanacaste en el 2011, mostraré que la construcción de una cocina nacional va acompañada con el aumento en importancia de la cocina local como marcador de identidad regional. Argumento que se puede entender a la identidad guanacasteca expresada en esta discusión como identidad de resistencia y que la discusión motiva una renegociación de pertenencia regional, nacional y cultural.
Congenital Ulcerated Lip Hemangioma Treated with a Cleft Lip Technique
Authors: Bianchi Alberto , Amadori Sara , Bassi Massimo , Neri Iria , Campobassi Angelo , Marchetti Claudio
Published: June 2015

A neonate presented to our clinic for evaluation of unusual congenital cleft lip. The clinical follow-up showed at first an ulceration of the lesion and then a stable result after propanolol systemic therapy. After 18 months of clinical follow-up, surgical treatment was performed, which consisted of double unilimb Z-plasty according to Mulliken's microform cleft lip repair. Knowing the existence of these strange vascular anomalies of the lip will allow us to improve the differential diagnosis and treatment plan.
Game como texto como jogo: a experiência comunicativa dos jogos digitais
Authors: Mendonça Carlos Magno Camargos , Freitas Filipe Alves de
Published: June 2015

Propomos pensar o videogame como texto, mas sem entendê-lo literalmente como uma manifestação verbal, e sim reconhecendo que muitos pressupostos da teoria literária são relevantes à sua análise. Essa opção parece nos situar junto aos narratólogos, que exaltam os games como novas manifestações da narrativa, mas se apegam a uma concepção de texto como mundo que valoriza efeitos ilusionistas. Ao contrário, interessam-nos experiências que, na contramão dessa vertente, reconhecem a possibilidade de pensar o game como um texto que é um jogo –um objeto incompleto a ser atualizado pelo leitor em uma relação auto-reflexiva com os signos que o compõem, noção central a teorias como as de Iser e Dewey. A partir daí, podemos privilegiar, ao invés das estratégias de imersão dos grandes mundos virtuais, os pequenos jogos casuais independentes (como Small Worlds, Grey, The Beggar, e Dys4ia) analisando como neles se dão experiências que nos permitem reexaminar o potencial estético do meio.
O poder expressivo da teoria dos mundos possíveis nos videojogos: quando as narrações se convertem em espaços interactivos e fictícios
Authors: Maza Antonio José Planells de la
Published: June 2015

O conceito filosófico do mundo possível (Lenzen, 2004; Lewis, 1986) é usado nos estudos literários e na narratologia (Dolezel, 1998; Eco, 1979) para se definir a forma como concebemos diferentes possibilidades narrativas no mesmo mundo fictício. Nos estudos dos jogos, algumas focagens usaram este conceito para terem em conta a relação entre a concepção e a experiência do jogo (Kücklich, 2003; Maietti, 2004; Ryan, 2006), enquanto Jesper Juul (2005) estudou o mundo fictício evocado pela ligação entre as regras e a ficção. Este documento propõe uma nova focagem dos videojogos como mundos ludofictícios, um conjunto de mundos possíveis que gera um espaço de jogo baseado na relação entre a ficção e as regras do jogo. Tendo em consideração os conceitos de desvio mínimo (Ryan, 1991) e termo indexical (Lewis, 1986), a posição do personagem-jogador determina o seu mundo real e o mundo seguinte possível ou necessário. Finalmente, o modelo analisa o videojogo The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim e mostra que a perspectiva do mundo possível pode ser útil para se descreverem de forma flexível e modular as ligações internas dos mundos ludofictícios e o carácter interactivo dos espaços de jogo jogáveis