bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seborrhoeic dermatitis: a clinical survey
Authors: Bergbrant Ing‐Marie
Published: July 2006

In a study of clinical parameters in seborrhoeic dermatitis, a questionnaire was mailed to 524 patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis who had presented to the Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden in 1988. Of the 82% patients who replied, 55% were males and 45% females. The mean age was 47.2 years. The patients were asked about age at onset of the disease, duration, distribution and severity of the disease, seasonal variation, influence of environment, physical and psychological status and concomitant diseases. It has to be taken into consideration that the data obtained in this study represent a hospital survey. Many patients experienced improvement of the disease in the summer and after sun exposure. No particular environmental factors were indicated by the patients as influencing the disease. There was a significantly higher incidence of seborrhoeic dermatitis in patients' parents than in spouses. The results of the questionnaire indicate that an hereditary factor is involved in the pathogenesis of seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Changes in solar energy reaching the earth: a study of total solar, UVA and UVB radiation in a highly polluted Northern Italian area*
Authors: Pigatto P.D. , Bigardi A.S. , Albertalli M.C. , Legori A. , Altomare G.F. , Finzi A.F.
Published: July 2006

The environment can cause and maintain a number of dermatoses, such as contact dermatitis and photodermatitis. We have recently noted a greater incidence of photodermatitis, even in subjects who declared that they had had no excessive photo exposure and/or who had tolerated normal exposure to sun in previous years. This indicated a possible change in solar irradiation. Consequently, we undertook a study of the climatic and meteorological conditions in northern Italy over the last 12 years (1978–1990). The following variables were considered: air temperature, relative humidity, solar UVA and UVB radiation, both scattered and direct. Annual data show that there has been an increase in scattered solar energy but no change in direct irradiation. There has been a clear reduction in humidity and slight increases in temperature. This is the first Italian report of climatic variations, especially of scattered sun irradiation.
AIDS and itch
Authors: Hulsebosch Hendrik J.
Published: July 2006

The complaint of itch is common in patients with AIDS and HIV infection. Inspection of the skin often reveals a dermatosis, but precise diagnosis is not always easy which makes it difficult for effective treatment. In HIV‐positive patients with itch, as well as common dermatoses, one often has to deal with atypical and even new skin diseases. Many of these are papular, papulo‐vesicular or papulo‐pustular. This article is a protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of itch in these patients.
Combined treatment of psoriasis with etretinate plus hydroxyurea
Authors: Török László , Kocsis Lajos
Published: July 2006

Nineteen patients with extensive, therapy‐resistant psoriasis received combined treatment with etretinate plus hydroxyurea. The individual components were given at a reduced dosage and hydroxyurea was administered intermittently. During 12 weeks of treatment, complete remission or marked improvement was observed in 16 patients (84%). The combination of etretinate and hydroxyurea in the above‐mentioned regimen was both effective and well‐tolerated.
Diagnostic significance of autoantibodies in connective tissue diseases
Authors: Meurer Michael , Franz Sabine , Braun‐Falco Otto
Published: July 2006

Autoantibodies have become an important diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of connective tissue diseases (CTD) and for defining certain subgroups of these diseases. According to the reationship between clinical symptoms and the specificity of autoantibodies they can be classified into two major groups: (1) marker antibodies which are highly specific for a particular disease entity and (2) symptom specific autoantibodies associated with certain clinical expressions or subgroups. Titers of autoantibodies can vary from low to high but do usually not correlate with the status of disease activity. In order to interpret the significance of autoantibodies in CTD and to predict the course of disease it is necessary not only to identify single autoantibody specificities but to consider the combination in which they appear.
Combined treatment of epidermodysplasia verruciformis with etretinate and α‐interferon*
Authors: Aricò M. , Noto G. , Pravatà G.
Published: July 2006

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an uncommon cutaneous disease in which a focal and genetically determined immunological impairment is associated with chronic human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. In sun‐exposed areas, when an oncogenic HPV type is the agent, skin cancer may occur. The treatment of EV is difficult and often unsatisfactory; etretinate has been reported in some instances as effective in improving lesions. We report a typical case of EV with pityriasis versicolor‐like lesions on the trunk and many flat, erythematous wart‐like lesions on the face, dorsal areas of the hands and legs. We performed a treatment with etretinate (1 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) and subsequently with etretinate and α2r‐interferon (3 MU, 3 times per week for 2 weeks, then 6 MU, as above, for 4 weeks). After 4 weeks of therapy with etretinate we observed moderate improvement; we did not observe any further clinical improvement in the final 2 weeks. The subsequent combined treatment with etretinate and a‐interferon achieved further improvement. We conclude that the association of etretinate and a‐interferon may represent an efficacious treatment of EV.
Photosensitivity due to isotretinoin: a possible allergic mechanism
Authors: Amichai Boaz , Grunwald Marcelo H. , Livni Ella , Halevy Sima
Published: July 2006

Photosensitivity is listed as a side effect to isotretinoin, but reports in the literature are contradictory. Only a few cases of photosensitivity, phototoxicity and photoallergy, have been reported. We describe herein a case of a photosensitivity due to isotretinoin. The possible role of an allergic mechanism in this reaction has been suggested by a positive mast‐cell degranulation (MCD) test toward the drug.
Hydroa vacciniforme
Authors: Benci M. , Lorusso B. , Comacchi C. , Lotti T.
Published: July 2006

A case of a young female patient with hydroa vacciniforme is reported. Blisters, bullae and papules healing with scarring appeared on light‐exposed areas and were accompanied by fever, malaise and photophobia. The patient improved with use of high protection sunscreens and per os hydroxychloroquine (200 mg/day).
Alopecia areata and stress in children
Authors: De Waard‐Van der Spek F.B. , De Raeymaecker D.M.J. , Root H.M. , Oranje A.P.
Published: July 2006

Background The role of psychological factors is conflicting in alopecia areata (AA). Acute as well as chronic stress have been observed in patients with AA.

Design A descriptive study of psychological and social factors which may play a role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of childhood AA. Seventeen patients with AA were dermatologically examined and psychosocially studied. Behavioral and emotional problems and possible psychopathology in the child's actual functioning were scored with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a life events scale. Fifteen patients with visible atopic dermatitis (AD) formed a reference group.

Results Although, on average, children with AA do not have higher behavior problem scores than children in the normative group, more children had scores in the clinical range. However, AA and AD children did not differ in this respect. More AA and AD children than children in the normative group had low social competence scores. Thus, although some AA children differ from children from the normative group, this difference is not specific compared with other children with affected skin, i.e., the AD group. The mean total score and the mean number of life events did not differ significantly from the corresponding data on the international control population.

Conclusion A tendency was observed that psychosocial factors play a role in maintaining or inducing AA and AD.
β‐Endorphin serum levels in patients with vitiligo
Authors: Katsambas A.D. , Schulpis K.H. , Antoniou Ch. , Rigopoulos D. , Papakostandinou E.D. , Stratigos J.
Published: July 2006

Aim The aim of this study is to correlate the β‐endorphin levels at the early and more chronic stages of the disease in an attempt to find or confirm an etiological factor of vitiligo.

Background The exact pathogenesis of vitiligo is still unclear. The most important theories are the self destruction, the autoimmune and the neural theories.

Methods Patients with vitiligo (n= 28) were divided into two groups according to the duration of their disease. A group of 15 members of medical staff was the control group. β‐endorphin levels were determined with a radioimmunoassay (125I‐β‐endorphin IncstarCo).

Results The mean β‐endorphin levels (11.88 ± 2.25 pmol/l) in patients at the early years of the disease (Group A) were statistically elevated compared to those of patients with ‘chronic’ vitiligo (9.27 ± 2.73 pmol/l) and to those of controls (8.53 ± 2.53) pmol/l).

Conclusion We suggest that high β‐endorphin levels play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo as well as in the prognosis of the disease.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection of the pharynx in a homosexual man
Authors: Armstrong D.K.B. , Maw R.D.
Published: July 2006

A case of proven herpes simplex virus type 2 pharyngitis presenting following oral active and passive intercourse whilst abroad is described. Barrier protection with condoms was not used, as the patient believed this activity to be without risk.
The origin of syphilis and the llama myth
Authors: Parish Lawrence Charles , Ruocco Vincenzo
Published: July 2006

The following is an extract from a presentation at the Seoul International Dermatology Symposium, Seoul, Korea, 8 May 1992
Autoantibody profile in cutaneous lupus erythematosus subsets: correlations between various autoantibodies of the same isotype
Authors: Kroumpouzos Georgios , Tosca Androniki , Konstadoulakis Manoussos M. , Avgerinou Georgia , Varelzidis Antony , Stratigos John
Published: July 2006

The objective of the present study was an extensive analysis of the autoantibody profile in the most common subsets of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE), acute and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ACLE, SCLE) as well as discoid lupus, localized or disseminatus (DLE loc, DLE dis). Antibodies (Abs) against glomerular extracts, actin. myosin and cardiolipin were examined in the various cutaneous lupus subgroups, in addition to ANA and Abs against DNA, ENA and IgG (rheumatoid factor). Abs against glomerular extracts were detected mainly in ACLE and SCLE, whereas Abs against actin, myosin and cardiolipin were found in all cutaneous lupus subsets. The detailed record of the autoantibody profile helped in the serological differential diagnosis of the various cutaneous lupus subsets, suggesting also that SCLE and DLE dis are distinct subsets in the spectrum of cutaneous LE. Finally, correlations between autoantibodies of the same isotype were carried out, providing implications for regulation of autoantibody production.
Loratadine and cetirizine in the treatment of chronic urticaria
Authors: Guerra L. , Vincenzi C. , Marchesi E. , Tosti A. , Pretto E. , Bassi R. , Fubbian P. Ruetta , De Costanza F.
Published: July 2006

Aim This study was designed to compare loratadine and cetirizine in controlling the symptoms of chronic urticaria.

Subjects One hundred and sixteen adult patients with chronic urticaria.

Methods In this double‐blind study the patients were randomly divided into three therapeutic groups: 38 received loratadine (10 mg), 40 cetirizine (10 mg) and 38 placebo tablets once daily for 28 days. Steroid‐dependent subjects and patients with physical urticaria or with angioncurotic hereditary oedema as well as pregnant or breast‐feeding women were excluded from the study. A suitable wash‐out period was observed in case of previous treatments for the same disease. Itching, erythema, number of lesions and diameter of the largest one were evaluated according to a scale from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe). The minimum entry study score for itching plus number of lesions had to be at least equal to three. Control visits were scheduled after 3, 7 and 14 days of therapy. Symptoms, disease status, therapeutic response, side effects and compliance were evaluated at each visit. Diary cards were filled in by patients at home.

Results Active drugs compared to placebo significantly reduced global clinical symptoms (p < 0.05). Loratadine was more rapid in developing its activity than the other two agents (p < 0.01 at day 3). Each single symptom showed the same trend. At the end of the study 24 (63%) patients treated with loratadine, 18 (45%) with cetirizine and 5 (13%) with placebo were free from symptoms. Four failures occurred with loratadine, six with cetirizine and seventeen with placebo. The tolerability profile was similar for all three groups. One patient receiving cetirizine dropped out due to severe gastric pain.

Conclusions Loratadine is more active and safer than cetirizine in the treatment of chronic urticaria.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis: a study of 22 cases
Authors: Ioannides D. , Vakali G. , Chrysomallis F. , Chaidemenos G. , Mpatsios K. , Mourellou O. , Minas A.
Published: July 2006

Toxic epidermal necrolysis leads to extensive exfoliative epidermal slough, fever, systemic toxic reactions, conjunctivitis and severe mucous membrane involvement. As it evolves many other organs can be affected. Whether or not toxic epidermal necrolysis is the most severe form of erythema multiform is still a subject of discussion. The pathophysiological events involved are not well understood. Indirect evidence suggests a hypersensitivity reaction, but the search for potential immunological mechanisms has resulted in little data to support this hypothesis. Drug reactions remain the most common associated factor. Twenty‐two patients, 3‐84 years old, have been included in this retrospective study. In 15 patients, clinical evidence points to drugs as the most important cause of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Recent infections were implicated in three patients and ulcerative colitis and lymphoma in one case each. Symptomatic therapy included fluid replacement, nutritional support and local treatment. Steroids were administered in 13 patients, followed by plasmapheresis in three. The mortality rate was approximately 27%. Elderly patients and patients with extensive lesions were at greater risk. Results of immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis were of no significant interest.
Twenty MHz B‐scan sonography for visualization and skin thickness measurement of human skin
Authors: Hoffmann Klaus , Stuücker Markus , Dirschka Thomas , Goörtz Sabine , El‐Gammal Stefan , Dirting Kay , Hoffmann Andrea , Altmeyer Peter
Published: July 2006

As a non‐invasive method, ultrasound is a suitable diagnostic procedure for routine in vivo examination of the human skin in dermatology. In this study 40 healthy test subjects were examined with a 20‐MHz ultrasound scanner in order to determine the thickness and morphology of normal skin at 51 different sites. B‐mode ultrasonography permits us to measure both the individual layers of the skin and deeper structures and to assess their definition and echogenicity. In both sexes the greatest skin thicknesses were found on: the shoulder‐blade (mean thicknesses (mm), males 3.07/ females 2.47); the upper back (m, 3.04/f, 2.85); the chin (m, 3.04/f, 2.69); the lower lip (m, 2.66/f,2.50) and in the region of the lower back (m, 2.64/f, 2.39). Particularly thin skin was found on: the upper eyelid (m, 0.59/f, 0.64); the lower eyelid (m, 0.99/f, 0.86); in the groin (m. 0.97/f, 0.90); in the armpit (m, 1.01/f, 1.09) and on the forearm (m, 1.13/f. 1.00 mm). Knowledge of differences in the characteristic reflex patterns depending on the sex and age of the subject and the site of the skin examined forms the basis for assessment of pathological sonograms.
Skin disorders and Epstein Barr virus primary infection: results of a 31 month survey
Authors: Baldari Urbano , Cancellieri Claudio , Celli Barbara , Zanelli Rossella , Raccagni Antonio Ascari
Published: July 2006

Objectives To investigate skin disorders related to Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) seroconversion and review the literature on this topic.

Patients and methods 77 patients admitted to three Departments (Dermatology, Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics) presented clinical and laboratory (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) findings of EBV primary infection. 54/77 (70.1%), ranging in age from 9 months to 41 years and suffering from various skin disorders, were selected.

Results 8/54 presented Infantile papular acrodermatitis (Gianotti‐Crosti syndrome); 42/54 exanthema, 2/54 acute urticaria, 1/54 erythema multiforme, 1/54 erythema nodosum.

Conclusion After reviewing the available literature on the subject and in the light of these findings, it is possible to assert that EBV‐primary infection is not infrequently associated with skin symptoms. Clinicians may sometimes understimate the problem, and it would be useful to include EBV serology among the tests for the diagnosis of reactive cutaneous diseases occurring in subjects under 3D years old.
Pemphigus vulgaris during pregnancy–a multistep triggered disease
Authors: Ophir Joseph , Bialy‐Golan Anat , Wolf Ronnie , Brenner Sarah
Published: July 2006

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) during pregnancy is exceedingly rare. Only 16 cases have been reported in the English literature. Some of the etiologic factors that may induce pemphigus are well known while others are only suspected or unknown. We present a patient with pemphigus during her second pregnancy and in whom several factors might have induced the disease.
Coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, and pemphigus superficialis⋆
Authors: Lo Schiavo Ada , Guerrera Vincenzo , Migliaresi Sergio , Lombardi Maria Luisa , Ruocco Vincenzo
Published: July 2006

d‐Penicillamine (DP) is widely used nowadays in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, despite its well known side effects of an autoimmune nature, often associated with specific histocompatibility antigens (HLA). We report the case of a woman, suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), treated with DP, who developed myasthenia gravis (MG) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and whose phenotype has only antigens usually associated with pemphigus. This may he the second published case of concurrent pemphigus and myasthenia gravis induced by d‐penicillamine therapy, in the absence of thymoma.
Multinodular keratoacanthoma and T cell lymphoma
Authors: Vanhooteghem O. , Wiart Th. , Creusy C. , de Beer P.
Published: July 2006

This is a report of a case of multinodular keratoacanthoma (MNKA), a rare variety of solitary keratoacanthoma (KA) characterized by a collection of multiple KA nodules on the margins of a necrotic ulcerative lesion spreading centrifugally for 3 weeks in a patient with malignant non‐Hodgkin's T‐cell lymphoma. The very infiltrative nature of the main lesion made differential diagnosis difficult in the presence of extremely differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Later, a KA lesion was to appear opposite a cutaneous lymphoma. The authors discuss the close links between the MNKA and the KA lesions and the immunosuppressed state of the patient.
Acquired ichthyosis associated with Sézary's syndrome
Authors: de la Torre Carlos , Losada Antonio , Cruces Manuel J.
Published: July 2006

We report a case of a 70‐year‐old woman affected by acquired ichthyosis. Morphologic studies of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood revealed that 50% were Sezary cells, and analyses of surface phenotype disclosed a CD4 predominance. Reports of association with cutaneous T cell lymphoma. mycosis fungoides type, have been described, but we have found no reports with Sézary's syndrome.
Possible involvement of partial biotinidase deficiency in alopecia areata
Authors: Georgala S. , Schulpis K. , Papakonstantinou E.D. , Kalogirou S. , Michas T.
Published: July 2006

Background The many factors which appear to be implicated in alopecia areata (AA) include genetic and autoimmune disorders as well as emotional stress. Biotinidase deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism, causes alopecia in infants, children and adults.

Subjects and methods A fluorimetric method was used to evaluate biontinidase activity in 19 patients before and after 40 days treatment with biotin (20 mg/day p.o). Nineteen members of the medical staff were the controls.

Results The mean biotinidase activities in our patients before treatment (3.0 ± 1.50 mmol/1/min) were statistically significantly decreased compared to those of controls (4.75 ± 0.80 mmol/1/min) as well as to those after treatment (4.40 ± 0.84 mmol/1/min). Consequently, 12 of our 19 patients showed a clinical remission of the disease after treatment, and thin white hair appeared on the frontal area of the scalp.

Conclusions An evaluation of biotinidase activity is suggested in all patients with AA and supplements of biotin are recommended.
Leonardo da Vinci: beauty or human suffering in the world. Notes on pathological cutaneous alterations in the ‘Adoration of the Magi’
Authors: Marchetti C. , Panconesi E.
Published: July 2006

The authors have individuated and evidenced in this study some of a series of very suggestive minute figures and signs of pathological conditions, including common cutaneous lesions, portrayed by Leonardo da Vinci in his famous painting ‘The Adoration of the Magi’ (‘L'Adorazione dei Magi’) which is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. These figures and lesions are mostly ‘hidden’ and become visible only by close, attentive observation of specific points extrapolated from the vision of this magnificent picture as a whole. Possible clinical interpretations are attributed to the ‘lesions’ evidenced, with the conviction the they were portrayed consciously by Leonardo and the they represent a confirmation of his extraordinary capacity for observation and ability to reproduce faithfully the which he saw, including the obvious signs of diseases which it is known he had ample occasion to observe. In this painting, as in others, Leonardo presents the horrors of life and sickness manifestly and skillfully disguised behind the mantle of beauty. We wonder if the monks who had commissioned the painting and then refused to take it did not recognize the ugly truth under the beautiful surface representation.
A new generation of hydrocolloid dressings in combination with topical corticosteroids in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Dézfoulian B. , de la Brassinne M. , Rosillon D.
Published: July 2006

Aim A clinical, randomized, parallel, multicenter study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and the tolerability of two known steroid creams, betamethasone 17‐valerate and clobetasol propionate, alone or left under a hydrocolloid dressing (Contreet° Derma Cover), in the treatment of chronic plaques of psoriasis.

Methods A total of 70 patients with symmetrical localized psoriasis were divided randomly into two groups for the study. Each patient applied the corticosteroid preparation under Contreet° Derma Cover once a week on one plaque and the same topical corticosteroid alone b.i.d on the other plaque; the treatment lasted 3 weeks for betamethasone 17‐valerate. and 2 weeks for clohetasol propionate.

Results The healing rate reached 79% with the Contreet° combined treatment versus 15% (P < 0.0001) with the standard treatment for betamethasone 17‐valerate (group I) and 86% versus 14% (P < 0.0001) for clobetasol propionate (group II). The mean difference in healing rate was 65% (95% confidence interval (C.I), 46–84%) and 69% (95% C.I., 50–87%) in groups I and II, respectively.

Conclusion The use of the new generation of hydrocolloid dressings in combination with steroid preparations can be considered as another therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic localized psoriatic lesions. Furthermore, with this method the amount of the topical corcicosteroid used can he reduced.
Necrolytic migratory erythema: a classical cutaneous presentation of the glucagonoma syndrome
Authors: Jones S.A. Vaughan , Dunnill M.G.S. , Wilding J. , Liddell K. , Gorsuch A.N. , Bloom S.R. , Black M.M.
Published: July 2006

We report a case of necrolytic migratory erythema secondary to an underlying pancreatic glucagonoma causing the glucagonoma syndrome. We discuss the differential diagnosis of necrolytic migratory erythema and the importance of recognising this rare endocrine tumour with its marked cutaneous features. Patients with glucagonoma syndrome can present late in a debilitated suite and often require much nutritional support. Treatment with a new long‐acting somatostatin analogue, Lanreotide (Somatuline S.R.) 30 mg once weekly, has in our case so far produced encouraging results. We would like to emphasise the importance of the insidious onset of this syndrome and the high incidence of metastatic disease at presentation.
A pilot study on the efficacy of mometasone furoate fatty cream on clinical parameters, time to relapse and microbial flora in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Faergemann Jan
Published: July 2006

Aim To study the antimicrobial effect in vitro of hexylene glycol and mometasone furoate fatly cream (contains 12% hexylene glycol) and to study the effect of mometasone furoate fatty cream on clinical parameters and microbial flora in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Methods The effect of hexylene glycol and mometasone furoate fatty cream against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Pityrosporum ovule and Candida albicans was studied in vitro. Twenty patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were treated with mometasone furoate 0.1 % fatty cream once daily for 3 weeks and then intermittently for 3 weeks. Quantitative cultures for bacteria and fungi were taken at baseline, during treatment and 4 weeks after end of treatment.

Results Both hexylene glycol and mometasone furoate fatty cream were effective in vitro against the studied microorganisms. Thirteen of 18 patients who returned for control were cleared after 3 weeks of treatment and 15/18 patients or 83% were cleared after 6 weeks. Four weeks after end of treatment only one patient remained cleared. However, 11/14 patients who returned for this control were still improved compared to baseline. S aureus was cultured in 16/20 patients at baseline but in only 7/18 patients after 6 weeks of treatment. The number of S. aureus dropped significantly but increased two‐fold 4 weeks after end of treatment. The number of cultured P. ovale was also significantly reduced after 6 weeks.

Conclusion This study clearly demonstrate the good effect of mometasone furoate fatty cream, which contains 12% hexylene glycol, in the treatment of atopic dermatitis paralleled by a significant reduction in the number of S. aureus and P. ovale.
Generalized destructive, ulcerating and debilitating necrobiosis lipoidica sine diabetes in a young male recalcitrant to therapy
Authors: Bruns Marco , Haustein Uwe‐Frithjof
Published: July 2006

We present the case of a 26‐year‐old Caucasian male with an ulcerative necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) affecting approximately 30% of the skin including the scalp and face. The disease started at (he age of six and has progressed constantly since then. Over the last 20 years no diabetes mellitus or diabetic disposition was found. Up to now all treatments, e.g. oral corticosteroids and pentoxifylline have failed to stop the progression of the disease. To the best of our knowledge this is the most extensive case of NL described so far.
The development of Kaposi's sarcoma during immunosuppressive therapy for temporal arteritis
Authors: Libow Lester F. , Fraser Susan L. , Casey Thomas J. , James Richard
Published: July 2006

Background The appearance of Kaposi's sarcoma during iatrogenic immnunosuppression for renal transplantation is well known. A growing number of patients undergoing immnunosuppressive therapy for conditions other than organ transplanation have also developed this neoplasm, and temporal arteritis is emerging as one of the more common of those conditions. Case: We report a case of Kaposi's sarcoma complicating corticosteroid therapy for temporal arteritis, summarize the previously reported cases and consider the possible association between these two disorders. Conclusion: Although inconclusive from the available data, patients with temporal arteritis may be predisposed to iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma due to a shared antigen specific immune response.
The pathogenesis of lipodermatosclerosis: facts, uncertainties and theories
Authors: Naschilz Jochanan E. , Yeshurun Daniel , Misselevich Ines , Boss Jochanan H.
Published: July 2006

Lipodermatosclerosis is the accepted term for describing induration of the skin and subcutaneous layers of the legs in patients with venous insufficiency. The pathogenic processes leading from venous insufficiency to lipodermatosclerosis are poorly understood. Based on their clinico‐pathological studies of different subcutaneous indurative disorders, the authors suggest that lipodermatosclerosis exhibits similarities to eosinophilic fasciitis and other fasciitis panniculus syndromes. The theories of the pathogenesis of lipodermatosclerosis are reviewed and a unifying pathogenetic concept is proposed. The lipodermatosclerosis is best conceived as fasciitis paniculata reaction evolving in the calf of the patient with venous insufficiency.
Multiple painful leiomyomas of the skin: a novel therapy with sympathicolysis?
Authors: Hauschild Axel , Maier Christoph , Christophers Enno
Published: July 2006

Leiomyomatosis cutis is a rare disease involving large areas of the body surface with painful leiomyomas. Only a small panel of drugs has provided limited effects in the management of paroxysmal pain attacks associated with these tumours. Two patients with multiple, otherwise therapy‐refractors cutaneous leiomyomas predominantly on the extremities underwert experimental transient sympathicolysis. Experimental cold exposure and noradrenulin injections resulted in increasing pain and vasoconstriction. whereas sympathicolysis counteracted this with pain reduction and vasodilatation. Our results confirm that α‐adrenergic fibres play an important role in smooth muscle contraction and pain induction in cutaneous leiomyomas. Sympathicolysis should be induced in the therapeutic choices available for multiple painful leiomyomas localized on the extremities.
Efficacy of hydroxyurea in the treatment of a patient with erythrodermic psoriasis and chronic myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Taveira Luis Miguel , Gonçalves Cristina , Paiva António , Selores Manuela , Sanches Madalena , Massa António
Published: July 2006

A patient presenting with erythrodermal symptoms was diagnosed as having psoriatic erythroderma and chronic myeloid leukaemia. Both pathological conditions were effectively controlled with hydroxyurea within 9 months after diagnosis, without occurrence of adverse reactions or intolerance to therapy.
Sex Roles And Sexual Satisfaction in Women
Authors: Kirkpatrick Carole Schmidt
Published: July 2006

Feminine sexuality has traditionally been conceptualized as passive, naive, and disinterested. However, what little empirical evidence exists regarding female sexuality suggests that sexual satisfaction in women is more likely to be associated with sexual interest, knowledge, activity, and other “nonfeminine” characteristics. Given the current cultural climate wherein both sexual satisfaction for women and a single standard of sexuality for both sexes are being embraced, the question is raised: Does sexual satisfaction in women correlate with their femininity and feminism? The present study was designed, therefore, to investigate the relationships among sexual satisfaction, femininity, and feminism in women. Data were collected via questionnaires completed by 199 couples—largely young, educated, and middle class. A positive association was found between sexual satisfaction and feminism; there was no significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and femininity. Implications for psychotherapy and further research are also discussed.
Personality and Situation in the Prediction of Women's Life Patterns
Authors: Stewart Abigail J.
Published: July 2006

The present study examined the importance of both personality variables and family situational variables in determining the career activities of young women. In a longitudinal design, family situational variables producing constraint (marriage and children) predicted strongly negatively both career persistence and career activity pattern. Within various family situations, two personality variables—Self-definition and the need for Achievement—predicted these same life outcomes. Results were strongest in indicating that self-definition was associated with professional career activity among relatively unconstrained women, but with “freelance activity in the home” among married women with children. These effects were strengthened further when the length of time a woman had been relatively constrained or relatively autonomous was considered. Results indicate that at least in this sample of young women still caring for small children situational variables may set broad limits on probable behaviors, while personality variables may predict the choice of particular behavior within those broad limits. Personality variables may be most salient and predictive when considered in the context of a temporally stable situation.
A Decade of Feminist Influence on Psychotherapy
Authors: Brodsky Annette M.
Published: July 2006

The last decade has seen some major impacts of feminism on the institution of psychotherapy regarding theories, treatment techniques, and assessment instruments. The changes in attitudes toward women as therapists and as clients have reflected the general advances of the women's movement in that women clients are more likely to seek women therapists and to receive treatments specifically developed for crises affecting women such as rape, pregnancy and domestic violence. The difficulties in designing empirical studies to demonstrate bias in psychotherapy have resulted in a confusing state of the art because only the higher-order interactions have consistently been significant. Attempts of some women to resist changes brought about by the women's movement and the apathy and levity of others have also presented problems in the path of progress. However, movement toward the long-range goal is encouraging when one compares the writing on women and psychotherapy in recent professional journals with examples from the 1960s.
Interrole Conflict, Coping Strategies, and Role Satisfaction Among Single and Married Employed Mothers
Authors: Harrison Algea Othella , Minor JoAnne Holbert
Published: July 2006

This study examined the relationship between interrole conflict, coping strategies, satisfaction, and marital status among a select sample of employed black mothers. Single and married black mothers were compared on type of coping strategy used to handle mother and worker role conflicts, and level of satisfaction with mother and worker roles. There was a significant interaction between marital status and coping strategy in their effect on satisfaction with the mother role. Finally, single mothers were significantly more satisfied with their worker roles than married mothers.
Teaching the Psychology of Women: Examination of a Teaching-Learning Model
Authors: Lord Sharon B.
Published: July 2006

A teaching—learning model for teaching courses on the psychology of women is presented and illustrated by the psychology of women course offered at the University of Tennessee. The general approach and structure of the course are described and the basic assumptions underlying the teaching—learning approach are explained. The ultimate goal of the course is to develop women (and men) who behave in an active, healthy, assertive manner and who can assume responsibility for themselves.
Self-Ratings and Projected Ratings of Sex Role Attitudes
Authors: Borges Marilyn A. , Levine Joseph R. , Naylor Patricia A.
Published: July 2006

To ascertain the veridicality of projected attitudes toward sex role behavior, 74 male and 74 female undergraduates filled out the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) using three different targets: self, typical female classmate, and typical male classmate. Analyses of variance on respondents' total AWS scores and on the six AWS subscale scores showed significant interactions between sex of respondent and sex of target for all seven variables. Since the directions of the interactions were not consistent across subscales, the results indicated the methodological necessity of using measurements which examine a variety of specific subclasses of sex role behaviors (rather than using unidimensional scales or total test scores) when stereotypic sex role attitudes are sought. In general, both sexes were found to have a fairly accurate perception of women's attitudes, but both sexes consistently perceived the typical male as more conservative than the male self-ratings justified.
Working Lesbians: Role Conflicts and Coping Strategies
Authors: Shachar Sandra A. , Gilbert Lucia A.
Published: July 2006

This study investigated areas of interrole and intrarole conflict reported by 79 lesbian working women and factors influencing the types of coping strategies these women used. The three coping strategies identified by Hall (1972) were used to code responses to a questionnaire sent to women on the mailing list of a local lesbian newsletter. The most frequently reported interrole conflicts were between the work and lover roles, and the most frequently reported intrarole conflicts involved the work and daughter roles. Subjects viewed being lesbian as contributing little to their interrole conflicts and, as hypothesized, used predominantly role restructuring strategies (Types I and II) to deal with the conflicts. Also, as hypothesized, higher self-esteem was reported by individuals using restructuring strategies than by those using reactant strategies (Type III). In contrast, subjects viewed being lesbian as highly related to their intrarole conflicts, and, contrary to predictions, used reactive strategies almost as frequently as role restructuring strategies. Moreover, self-esteem did not differ among subjects using the three strategy types. The unexpected findings for intrarole conflict are discussed in terms of the potential benefits of reactant-avoidant strategies in work situations.
Relationship Enhancement for Single Females: Interpersonal Network Intervention
Authors: Overton Debi H. , Avery Arthur W.
Published: July 2006

The present study assesses the effects of relationship enhancement training on the level of communication skills, amount of relationship change, and friendship strength of single female friendship pairs. Pairs of single female friends who indicated an interest in the program were randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 16) or to a control group (N = 22). The experimental group participated in a four-week, 12-hour relationship enhancement skills training program, while the control group received no training. Results indicated that the experimental group, relative to the control group, significantly increased their level of communication skills and perceived amount of relationship change. No differences were found between the two groups on perceived amount of friendship strength. Discussion centers on: (a) some probable factors contributing to the indicated results, (b) limitations and implications of the study, and (c) suggestions for future research.
Achievement Arousal Inhibits Helping Behavior Only in Males
Authors: Bean Glynis , Eagly Alice H.
Published: July 2006

The experiment reported here tested the hypothesis that achievement arousal inhibits the helping behavior of males but not females. Subjects were given 20 minutes to work on a task while faced with an opportunity to help a graduate student by stapling questionnaires. Performance on the task was described in the high-achievement-arousal condition as assessing intelligence and leadership ability, and in the no-achievement-arousal condition as merely yielding research data on processing verbal information. Males proved significantly more likely to help in the no-achievement-arousal condition than in the high-arousal condition, whereas females' helping was not affected by achievement-arousal. Yet, consistent with other research on helping, the majority of both male and female subjects did not help at all.
Phase and Sex Effects in Pain Perception: A Critical Review
Authors: Goolkasian Paula
Published: July 2006

The psychological literature in pain perception is reviewed to clarify the influence of sex and menstrual phase on the phenomenon of pain. An attempt is made to resolve some of the discrepancies in the reported findings by taking special note of the methodological differences in the pain studies. The appropriateness of the measures of pain threshold, pain tolerance, discrimination accuracy, and of response bias to the study of pain are discussed.
Factors that Affect Nontraditional Vocational Enrollment Among Women
Authors: Houser Betsy Bosak , Garvey Chris
Published: July 2006

This study identified the internal (personality) and external (social support) factors that differentiate women who enter male-dominated (Nontraditional) vocational training programs from those who only consider entering such programs (Considereds) and from those who enter female-dominated (Traditional) programs. Four hundred seventy women who were enrolled in California vocational training programs and were stratified on both social class and type of vocational training site completed a self-administered questionnaire covering (1) demographic/family background, (2) social support/encouragement from others, (3) peer experience with nontraditional programs, and (4) personality and sex-role orientation. Results revealed that the student subgroups differed most significantly in the amount of support, encouragement, and discouragement they received from the important others in their lives. Nontraditional students differed from Traditional students primarily in the support of female friends and family members, and from Considereds in encouragement from school personnel. Recommendations are made for steps that can be taken to foster equality of educational opportunity.
From Freud to Feminist Personality Theory: Getting Here from There
Authors: Lerman Hannah
Published: July 2006

After a discussion of the impact of psychoanalysis on psychological thinking about personality theory and the changes that have been taking place within psychoanalytic theory about women, eight criteria arising out of feminist therapy theory are stated. These criteria represent suggested minimum conditions that a woman-based theory of female development and personality needs to fulfill. Freudian theory, current psychoanalytic theory, and several feminist theories are then evaluated in light of the stated criteria. The author concludes that feminists have arrived at some degree of general agreement about personality theory, although they have often arrived at their specific approaches via diverse theoretical routes.
The Treatment of Women Within The Criminal Justice System: An Inquiry Into the Social Impact of the Women's Rights Movement
Authors: Alfred B. Heilbrun , Heilbrun Mark R.
Published: July 2006

Two studies considered the possible impact of the feminist movement upon criminal justice decisions relating to women. One body of data confirmed a trend away from indiscriminate leniency in the punishment of female criminals during the women's movement. Courtroom and parole board decisions determining length of imprisonment showed an improving alignment of punishment and criminal circumstances for women and men. The second set of data disclosed that an increased seriousness was accorded to the crime of rape as feminism became more influential. Rape, as a violation of the woman's right to bodily self-determination, was punished more harshly during the period of greater feminist influence, a fact that was not true of other male violent crimes. The women's movement appears to have brought about a more realistic balance of female and male responsibilities before the law as well as a greater respect for women's sexual rights.
The Influence of Sex-Role Identity and Occupational Attainment on the Psychological Well-Being of Asian American Women
Authors: Chow Esther Ngan-Ling
Published: July 2006

This study examined the extent to which sex-role identity as defined by Bem's typology is related to occupational attainment, self-esteem, and work satisfaction for 161 employed Asian American women. Three major hypotheses were tested: (a) Masculine and androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of occupational attainment than those with feminine and undifferentiated sex-role identity; (b) androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity; and (c) the higher the level of occupational attainment secured by Asian American women, the greater their work satisfaction and the higher their self-esteem. As predicted, sex-role identity was significantly related to occupational attainment. Androgynous Asian American women and those with a high level of occupational attainment had a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity. The implications of these findings for Bem's formulation of androgyny, its relation to occupational achievement, and its consequences for psychological health and work outcomes are discussed.
Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence — from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror
Authors: Corcoran Carole Barody
Published: July 2006

Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence — from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror, Judith Lewis Herman. New York: Basic Books, 1992. 276 pp. $27.00. ISBN 0-465-08765–5.

Shattered Assumptions: Toward A New Psychology of Trauma, Ronnie Janoff-Bulman. New York: The Free Press, 1992, 256 pp. $24.95. ISBN 0-02-916015–4.
Physical And Psychiatric Correlates Of Gender Discrimination: An Application of the Schedule of Sexist Events
Authors: Landrine Hope , Klonoff Elizabeth A. , Gibbs Jeannine , Manning Vickie , Lund Marlene
Published: July 2006

We tested the model that sexist discrimination, measured by the Schedule of Sexist Events (SSE), would account for additional variance in women's physical and psychiatric symptoms, above and beyond that accounted for by generic stressors. A series of hierarchical regression analyses, predicting symptoms on 10 different symptom outcome measures from generic stress and sexist stress (discrimination) were conducted, with the generic stressors entered on the first step and sexist discrimination on the second. Results revealed that sexist discrimination contributed significantly to the variance in women's symptoms, accounting for additional variance in those symptoms. Furthermore, sexist discrimination accounted for more of the variance than did generic stressors in premenstrual, depressive, obsessive-compulsive, somatic, and total psychiatric and physical symptoms. These findings varied with the age and ethnicity of the women and with the symptom measure used, but nonetheless suggest that sexist discrimination plays a significant role in women's most prevalent symptoms.