bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender-Based Perspectives on Key Issues Facing Poor Ahmadi Women in Pakistan
Authors: K. M.
Published: January 2021

The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (AMC, or Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at) believe themselves to be Muslims. The AMC was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in 1889 as a revival movement within Islam. Unlike all other sects of Islam, they believe that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908) of Qadian (a small town in Gurdaspur district of Punjab, India) is the same promised Messiah who was prophesied by the prophet Muhammad. Other sects believe that the promised Messiah is yet to come and, therefore, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is a false prophet and his followers are non-Muslims.
Aktualisasi Manajemen Pendidikan Pada Ikon Masyarakat Islam Melayu-Bangka: Nganggung
Authors: Riyadi Ivan
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan pertimbangan unik yang melekat pada tradisi masyarakat Bangka. Tentunya tidak terlepas dari unsur manajemen pendidikan islam di masyarakat tersebut. Karena manajemen merupakan salah satu aspek terpenting dalam pengelolan suatu masyarakat yang majemuk, dinamis dapat diselesaikan dengan pengelolaan manajemen yang baik di masyarakat tersebut. Tradisi nganggung merupakan hasil pengelolaan masyarakat melayu-Bangka yang memiliki semangat persamaan sosial. Untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang utuh dalam artikel ini, maka digunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan manajemen pendidikan islam pada masyarakat melayu bangka berbasis tradisi lokal nganggung dapat menjadi alat perekat persatuan sosial yang harus dilestarikan.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah
Authors: Kosim Nanang
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pengaruh budaya organisasi dan motivasi terhadap kinerja guru madrasah aliyah (MA) se-Kecamatan Tungkal Jaya Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin (MUBA). Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Adapun teknik yang digunakan untuk mencari dan mengumpulkan data, adalah dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa angket. Populasi yang ada adalah 59 orang, terdiri dari 32 orang bertugas pokok sebagai tenaga pendidik dan 27 orang bertugas pokok sebagai tenaga kependidikan. Oleh karena penelitian ini untuk mengungkap berkaitan dengan kinerja guru, maka yang dijadikan sampel adalah mereka yang memiliki tugas pokok sebagai tenaga pendidik, dan dalam hal ini sampel ditetapkan hanya 32 orang. Setelah angket disebar dan dikumpulan dari 32 guru (responden), hasilnya selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan rumus regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan SPSS versi 11.5. Hasil analisis berkaitan dengan keadaan budaya organisasi, motivasi maupun kinerja guru yang ada di MA. se-Kecamatan Tungkal Jaya Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, ketiga-tiganya berada pada kategori cukup baik dengan presentasi 66%, 69%, 66%. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil out put pada tabel anova, hasil uji f menunjukkan bahwa budaya organisasi dan motivasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja guru MA se-Kecamatan Tungkal Jaya Kabupaten MUBA. Hal tersebut didasarkan kepada nilai  (28.082) >  (3.32). Demikian pula dengan nilai sig (0.000) yang lebih kecil dari nilai 0.05.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pengaruh budaya organisasi dan motivasi terhadap kinerja guru madrasah aliyah (MA) se-Kecamatan Tungkal Jaya Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin (MUBA). Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Adapun teknik yang digunakan untuk mencari dan mengumpulkan data, adalah dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa angket. Populasi yang ada adalah 59 orang, terdiri dari 32 orang bertugas pokok sebagai tenaga pendidik dan 27 orang bertugas pokok sebagai tenaga kependidikan. Oleh karena penelitian ini untuk mengungkap berkaitan dengan kinerja guru, maka yang dijadikan sampel adalah mereka yang memiliki tugas pokok sebagai tenaga pendidik, dan dalam hal ini sampel ditetapkan hanya 32 orang. Setelah angket disebar dan dikumpulan dari 32 guru (responden), hasilnya selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan rumus regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan SPSS versi 11.5. Hasil analisis berkaitan dengan keadaan budaya organisasi, motivasi maupun kinerja guru yang ada di MA. se-Kecamatan Tungkal Jaya Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, ketiga-tiganya berada pada kategori cukup baik dengan presentasi 66%, 69%, 66%. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil out put pada tabel anova, hasil uji f menunjukkan bahwa budaya organisasi dan motivasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja guru MA se-Kecamatan Tungkal Jaya Kabupaten MUBA. Hal tersebut didasarkan kepada nilai  (28.082) >  (3.32). Demikian pula dengan nilai sig (0.000) yang lebih kecil dari nilai 0.05.
The Language Attitude towards English Learning among EFL Learners: A Case at One Private Islamic Senior High School
Authors: Astrid Annisa , Desvitasari Deta , Aqdam Aghor
Published: January 2021

Attitude is one of the considerable factors in learning and plays an essential role since it can influence language learning and performance. This study aimed at investigating students’ attitudes towards English language learning. Survey method was used in this study to describe the attitudes of the students at one Islamic private senior high school towards English language learning. The participants involved in this study were 217 students at one Islamic private senior high school in Indralaya. In collecting the data, we employed a Likert scale questionnaire consisting of 20 items which were divided into 5 components; (1) attitude towards native English speakers, (2) motivational orientation in learning English, (3) interest in English, (4) attitude towards English class, and (5) attitude towards English teachers. The result of this study indicated that the attitude of the students of one Islamic private senior high school in Indralaya South Sumatera towards English language learning was generally positive.
An Investigation into the Link between English Teachers’ Classroom Management and English Achievement at one Islamic Senior High School
Authors: Adela Melati
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the link between each dimension of English teachers’ classroom management and the twelfth grade students’ English achievement, and the influence of each dimension of English teachers’ classroom management on the twelfth grade students’ English achievement of one Islamic senior high school in Palembang. The correlation research design was applied in this study. The population of this study was the twelfth grade students. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample consisting of 85 students, 42 students of science class and 43 students of social class. The result analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between behavioral dimension of classroom management and English achievement since the r-obtained (-.012) was lower than r-table (.213). Then, there was no significant correlation between instructional dimension of classroom management and English achievement since the r-obtained (-.016) was lower than r-table (.213). From the findings, it can be concluded that each dimensions of classroom management had no correlation with English achievement. It means that the English teachers’ classroom management was not a dominant factor affecting students’ English achievement.
Integrating Islamic Values on ESL Classes: Indonesian Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Islamic Education Management in South Thailand
Authors: . Iswan , . Zaitun
Published: January 2021

This research study was aimed to investigate ESL teachers’ attitudes toward the policy of integrating Islamic values into their teachings. A total number of 32 ESL teachers who were hired as contract teachers teaching English at several different Islamic schools in South-Thailand participated as respondents. A set of 5-Likert scale questionnaire to measure the attitude of the respondents was the instrument used by the writers in collecting the data. A quantitative-descriptive method was applied in this study, in which the data were analyzed statistically before they were descriptively described. The findings of the statistical analysis revealed that most of the teachers have positive attitude (73.63%) toward this Islamic school management policy. The percentage was taken from 47% responses of the respondents on “Totally Agree” and 26.63% on “Agree” options. Thus, it can be concluded that most of ESL teachers who were teaching English at several Islamic schools in South Thailand had positive attitude towards the policy of integrating Islamic values into their teachings.
Konsep Layanan Responsif bagi Siswa yang Mengalami Kesulitan Belajar secara Daring Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Habiba Bella , Mulyani Sri , Nia Nia Ifa , Nugroho Puspo
Published: January 2021

The Concept Of Responsive Service For Students Who Have Difficulty Learning Online In The Pandemic Covid-19.This study aims to determine the concept of responsive services for students who have difficulty learning online in the pandemic covid-19 era. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach that discusses the responsive service of BK Teachers as counselors in overcoming online student learning difficulties amid covid-19 outbreaks. The results showed that students' learning difficulties when studying at home online were inadequate facilities and internet networks, lack of understanding of certain subjects and a less conducive atmosphere of learning at home. In research the responsive service strategy used is individual counseling, and collaboration with subject teachers and involving parents. The role of the BK teacher in overcoming learning difficulties is by collecting data, determining diagnosis, prognosis and treatment and evaluation.

Keywords: Responsive Service, Learning Difficulties, Online Learning
Sumário
Authors: Letraria Editora
Published: January 2021

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Teaching the Social Determinants of Health Through Medical Legal Partnerships: A Systematic Review
Authors: Robinson Benjamin , Welch Kristian , Martin Michaela , Salerno Amy , Harris Drew
Published: January 2021

Background: Medical education is increasingly focused on the social determinants of health (SDoH), but questions remain regarding how best to ensure that trainees become empowered to take action on the SDoH in their future practice. The authors conducted a systematic review to better define the impact that educational programs centered on medical legal partnerships (MLP) have on trainees’ knowledge, attitudes and future practice. Methods: The authors sourced data from PubMed, Web of Science, Index to Legal Periodicals, LegalTrac, Google Scholar, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete, SocINDEX, SSRN, and Proquest Social Sciences. Selected studies included those centered on Medical Legal Partnerships in graduate medical education and that measured outcomes of the participating trainees. Two abstractors independently extracted information about the study population, setting, design, intervention and outcomes. The literature search was conducted in 2019. Results: Six out of 483 studies met the inclusion criteria. One study highlighted three different MLPs, thus eight total MLP programs were included. Trainees included residents from pediatrics, family medicine and internal medicine. Interventions ranged from didactic sessions, to advocacy projects, to hands-on community-based learning, to poverty simulation trainings. Benefits to trainees were wide in scope but all programs showed improvements in participants’ understanding, comfort, confidence, and/or abilities in identifying and intervening on SDoH in their patients. Conclusion: As undergraduate and graduate medical education is increasingly considering how to effectively teach trainees to understand and address SDoH, the findings in this systemic review suggest that inclusion of Medical-Legal Partnerships into training programs is an effective approach.
Identification and Characterization of The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 Gene in The Oriental River Prawn, Macrobrachium Nipponense
Authors: Jin Shubo , Hu Yuning , Fu Hongtuo , Jiang Sufei , Xiong Yiwei , Qiao Hui , Zhang Wenyi , Gong Yongsheng , Wu Yan
Published: January 2021

Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 (PDHE1) was predicted to be involved in the male sexual development in M. nipponense in the previous study. In this study, the functions of Mn-PDHE1 were further analysed in depth using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), in situ hybridization, western-blot and RNA interference (RNAi), combined with the histological observations. The full-genome sequence of Mn- PDHE1 was 65,630 base pairs (bp) on Chromosome 11, including 15 introns and 14 exons. The full cDNA sequence of Mn-PDHE1 was 1614 bp, including a 1077 bp open reading frame, encoding for 358 amino acids. qPCR analysis revealed that Mn- PDHE1 showed the highest expression level in the testis, and male prawns at post-larval developmental stage 25 (PL25♂) was higher than PL25♀, indicating that PDHE1 was potentially involved in the male sexual development in M. nipponense. An additional function of Mn-PDHE1 was predicted to be involved in the metamorphosis process. In situ hybridization and western-blot indicated that PDHE1 was involved in the whole testis development. The Mn-IAG mRNA was decreased with the decrease of Mn- PDHE1. This indicated PDHE1 has the positive regulatory effects on IAG in M. nipponese. The testis and androgenic gland development were delayed after the injection of Mn- PDHE1 dsRNA, compared with those of control group, indicating PDHE1 has positive effects on the male sexual development in M. nipponense. This study highlights the functions of PDHE1 in M. nipponense, which can be applied to future studies of the male sexual development in other crustacean species.
Data Mining on Some Factors Related to the Stillbirth of Mothers Referred to Health Centers in Some Provinces of Iran
Authors: Rahmati Nazanin , Kamalgharibi Hadiseh , hosseini Mohammad Mehdi , Jalali Alireza
Published: January 2021

Purpose This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal risk factors and stillbirth in some provinces. In the field of health, databases contain a wide range of public health variables. The purpose of this article is to explore the concepts related to data mining and its application in the field of health.Methods This study is a case-control. The study population consisted of 3340 mothers who referred to health centers of some provinces of the country in 2016. The 1459 mothers had a history of stillbirth and 1881 of them had a live birth at the last pregnancy. Then, data mining algorithms were used to investigate the desired data.Results Number Abortion, Mo Blood Group, Number Live Birth, Parity pregnancy, tanesh life, Mo Age ,Neonate weight, Smoking during pregnancy, Mo Educate, Number Death Neonate, Job Number, City Number, and Type Delivery Maternal risk factors are stillbirths. The accuracy of Naïve Bayes 82.71%, Logistic Regression 87.42%, Deep Learning 86.06%, Decision Tree 87%, Gradient Boosted 84.49%, Svm 86.79%.Conclusion This study supports the hypothesis that Factors affecting stillbirth in some algorithms are somewhat identical and in others different and that different preventive and treatment strategies might be required. The overall conclusion of this study shows that Logistic Regression models and Decision Tree are the most suitable models for prediction (classification) Stillbirth mothers (among the models investigated in this study). On the most important predictors, variables NumberAboration, Paritypregnancy, taneshlife, NumberDeathNeonate, City Number are presented as the most critical predictors in this study.
Designing A Candidate Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Reverse Vaccinology Approach
Authors: Atapour Amir , Golestan Ali
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a global epidemic that is spreading dramatically from day today. Currently, many efforts have been made against COVID-19 through the designing or developing of specific vaccines or drugs, worldwide. Unfortunately, to date, it has not been successful. Therefore, an effective vaccine against COVID-19 is mandatory. In this study, we used the bioinformatics approach to design an effective multi-epitope vaccine against COVID-19 based on Spike protein. Here, we implemented in silico tools to identify potential T and B cell epitopes that can induce cellular and humoral immunity. Then, the peptide sequence of potential T, B cell epitopes, and flagellin (as an adjuvant molecule) was joined together by suitable linkers to construct of candidate multi-epitope vaccine (MEV). Subsequently, immunological and structural evaluations such as antigenicity, 3D modeling, etc. were performed. In the following, molecular docking of vaccine constructs with Toll-Like Receptors 5 (TLR5), Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation as well as in silico cloning were carried out. Immunological and structural computational data showed that designed MEV potentially has proper capacity for inducing cellular and humoral immune responses against COVID-19. Based on the preliminary results, in vitro and in vivo experiments are required for validation in the future.
Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccine, Reverse Vaccinology, Multi-epitope, Molecular docking, MD Simulation.
Temporal Analysis for Multi-hazard Risk Assessment of Rice Cultivation in Coastal Areas: A Case Study of Soc Trang, Vietnam
Authors: Vo Thanh Quoc , Nguyen Trung Hieu , Linh Vo Thi Phuong
Published: January 2021

Rice is an important human crop and rice cultivation is threatened due to natural disasters, leading to negative effects on national and global food security. The natural disasters, such as tropical cyclones and saline intrusion, have dramatic influences in coastal regions. To investigate possible impacts of these disasters on rice cultivation, it needs an efficient tool to assess potential disasters impacts and a risk index is highly applicable. Therefore, this study aims at establishing a risk assessment of rice production in coastal areas under effects of tropical cyclones and saline intrusion. We adopted risk definition introduced by IPCC (2014) in which risk is a function of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Multiple hazards of tropical cyclones and saline intrusion were indicated by their frequency and severity at some critical levels of 25%, 50% and >50% rice yield reduction. Each hazard was weighted by its damage on rice yield. Exposure and vulnerability of rice crops are evaluated at different growing phases. Tropical cyclone hazard index was ranked high and very high in the wet season while salinity hazard index was ranked very high in the dry season. Due to the combined effects of tropical cyclones and salinity, rice crop is highly susceptible during the reproduction phase and at the panicle initiation stage particularly. Based on the cropping calendar of My Xuyen, the period of October-November was the very high vulnerability period since it had the largest rice cultivable area and rice crops were at the reproduction phase. This result shows that rice crops are at high risk in October and November. Noticeably, saline intrusion reaches the highest level in April and May, but no risk is at this period because of no rice crop cultivated. This can reflect a measure to reduce risk by adjusting the cropping calendar.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Rituximab Associated With Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide (R-FC) for the First-line Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Under the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS).
Authors: Azevedo Bruno , Carvalho Adriana , Sasse Andre Deeke
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUNDChronic Lymphocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia in the western world. In the last decade, treatment options expanded with an expressive rise in treatment costs. In Brazil the overall cancer treatment costs are rising mainly due to the judicialization law suits. The efficacy and safety of associating rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (R-FC) for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been demonstrated by the CLL8 trial, which was conducted in previously untreated patients positioning the immunochemotherapy regimen as the standard choice for physically fit patients. Considering this scenario, the current study has as objective to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the addition of rituximab to the FC protocol considering the Brazilian public health system perspective. METHODSWe developed a Markov model with three health states to extrapolate the CLL8 trial results. The transition probabilities and adverse events incidence were obtained from the trial published data. The costs were assessed from Brazil’s ministry of health pricing database (public available). A simplified treatment algorithm was developed according to the current available treatment options in the Brazilian public health system and assuming the availability of rituximab. RESULTSThe addition of rituximab to the FC regimen results in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 8389 USD (45003,86 BRL) per year life free of progression. The sensititvity analysis conducted shows a From the Brazilian public health system perspective, the combination of rituximab with the FC chemotherapy represents a cost-effective strategic approach for first-line treatment of patients with CLL.CONCLUSIONSconsidering the data described in this study, we cqn conclude that the addition of rituximab to the first-line treatment of CLL is cost-effective strategy for the Brazil public health system. With the advent of new drugs and new treatment regimens that presents positive clinical outcomes in patients refratary to the R-FC regimen (del17p, p53 mutations), new studies must be conducted to evaluate their cost-effectiveness considering this population of patients.
Differential effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on well-being: interaction between age, gender and chronotype
Authors: Oved Shay , Mofaz Merav , Lan Anat , Einat Haim , Kronfeld-Schor Noga , Yamin Dan , Shmueli Erez
Published: January 2021

The unprecedented restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including movement control orders and lockdowns, altered our daily habits, and severely affected our well-being and physiology.
The effect of these changes is yet to be fully understood.
Here, we analyzed highly detailed data on 169 participants for 2-6 months, before and during the second COVID-19 lockdown in Israel.
Our entire study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore is the first to decipher the specific effects of the lockdown from the general effects of the pandemic.
We extracted 12 well-being indicators from sensory data of smartwatches and from self-reported questionnaires, filled on a daily basis using a designated mobile application.
We used a mixed ANOVA model to study the interplay between age, gender, and chorotype on well-being before and after lockdowns.
We found that at the population level, lockdowns resulted in significant changes in mood, sleep duration, sport duration, social encounters, resting heart rate, and the number of steps.
The lockdown's adverse effects were greater for young early chronotypes who did not increase their sleep duration, reduced activity level and suffered from significantly reduced mood, and for women, who further suffered an increase in stress levels and a greater decline in social encounters.
Our findings underscore that while lockdowns severely impacted our well-being and physiology in general, greater damage has been identified in certain subpopulations.
Based on the observed effects, special attention should be given to younger people, who are usually not in the focus of social support, and to women.
The Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Wang Siqing , Qin Aiya , Pei Gaiqin , Jiang Zheng , Dong Lingqiu , Tan Jiaxing , Tan Li , Tang Yi , Qin Wei
Published: January 2021

Background and aim: Regarding that whether cigarette smoking is associated with the progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remains uncertain, we aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the prognosis of IgAN.Methods: 1239 IgAN patients who meet inclusion criteria from West China Hospital of Sichuan University were divided into smoker and non-smoker group. The endpoint was end stage renal disease (ESRD: eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or having renal replacement treatment) and/or eGFR decreased>50%. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed. Association of cigarette smoking and IgAN was further verified by propensity-score-matched cohort analysis.Results: During the mean follow-up period of 61 months, 40 out of 209 (19%) patients in smoker group and 110 out of 1030 (11%) in non-smoker group reached study endpoint(p<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that cigarette smoking (HR=1.58,p=0.043), female gender (HR=2.00,p=0.002), Hypertension (HR=1.50,p=0.029), Serum creatinine (HR=1.01,p<0.001), segmental glomerulosclerosis (HR=1.59,p=0.026), and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (HR=3.13,p<0.001) were independent risk factors for prediction of poor renal outcome of IgAN. After matching with propensity scores, the significant correlation between cigarette smoking and the renal outcomes of IgAN patients can be seen.Conclusion: Smoking is an independent risk factor for the progression of IgAN, especially for female subjects.
Detection of Infiltrating Fibroblasts by Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Human Kidney Allografts
Authors: Suryawanshi Hemant , Yang Hua , Lubetzky Michelle , Morozov Pavel , Lagman Mila , Alonso Alicia , Li Carol , Snopkowski Catherine , Mueller Franco , Lee John , Dadhania Darshana , Salvatore Steven , Seshan Surya , Sharma Vijay , Suthanthiran Manikkam , Tuschl Thomas , Muthukumar Thangamani
Published: January 2021

We tested the hypothesis that single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of human kidney allograft biopsies will reveal distinct cell types and states and yield insights to decipher the complex heterogeneity of alloimmune rejection. We selected 3 kidney biopsies from 3 individuals for scRNA-seq and processed them fresh using an identical protocol on the 10x Chromium platform; (i) HK: native kidney biopsy from a living donor, (ii) AK1: allograft kidney with transplant glomerulopathy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and worsening graft function, and (iii) AK2: allograft kidney after successful treatment of active antibody-mediated rejection. We generated 7217 high-quality single cell transcriptomes. Taking advantage of the recipient-donor sex mismatches, we determined that in AK1 with fibrosis, more than half of the kidney allograft fibroblasts were—unexpectedly—recipient-derived and therefore likely migratory and graft infiltrative, whereas in the AK2 without fibrosis, all the fibroblasts were donor-derived. Furthermore, AK1 was enriched by tubular cells that overexpressed profibrotic extracellular matrix genes. AK2, eight months after successful treatment of rejection, contained endothelial cells that expressed T-cell chemoattractant cytokines. In addition to these key findings, our analysis revealed unique cell types and cell states. Altogether, single cell transcriptomics yielded novel mechanistic insights for individualizing the care of transplant recipients.
A Meta-Analysis of PCOS-Related Reproductive Abnormalities in Women Taking Valproate for Epilepsy
Authors: Li Shumin , Zhao Shigang , Gao Xueying , Yu Zhiheng , Ma Jinlong , Geng Ling
Published: January 2021

Although a series of studies have been undertaken to clarify the effects of valproate (VPA) on reproductive endocrinology in female, no consistent conclusion has been reached. We aimed at quantifying the association between valproate (VPA) and reproductive endocrine abnormalities in women with epilepsy. We searched scientific literatures in English language published on electronic databases of PubMed, SinoMed and EMBASE before April 2020. These studies included were prospective and controlled. We then performed meta-analysis for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its main characteristics in women with epilepsy treated with VPA. Results showed that there were statistically differences between the VPA treated and other AEDs group with epilepsy in PCOS (p<0.001, OR 4.08, 95% CI 2.77-6.01), PCO (p<0.001, OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.90-3.51), hyperandrogenism (p<0.001, OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.66-3.23) and menstrual disorder (p<0.001, OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.32-2.22). In conclusion, VPA chronic medication lead to higher risk of developing PCOS, PCO, hyperandrogenism and menstrual disorder in women with epilepsy.
Perception of malaria and cultural diversity of antimalarial plants in three sympatric ethnic groups: Agni, Akyé and Gwa of Alépé Department (Southeast of Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: DIOP Amadou Lamine Amadou , MALAN François Djah , KOUGBO Distel Ménéké
Published: January 2021

Background

Ethnic groups have developed their own cultures expressed in the form of traditional health care systems. This study aimed to determine how three sympatric communities with different histories, perceive and manage malaria, a disease with a high prevalence rate in the region.
Methods

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in 10 villages of Agni, Akyé and Gwa communities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 290 informants within all three communities. A correspondence analysis associated to hierarchical clusters was used to determine the form of malaria shared within informants. Then, the free listing technique was performed to indicate the plant species which was most important for the respondents. Besides, the Venn diagram coupled to Jaccard similarity index was used to report the homogeneity on antimalarial plants species used within the three studied communities. Moreover, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the most common antimalarial plant within communities. Finally, the fidelity level index was used to identify the most preferred plant species used to cure various forms of malaria.
Results

The three ethnic groups have overall a similar perception of malaria with various symptoms. However, they did not use the same plants to cure one form of this disease. The study recorded 77 medicinal plants used to cure malaria, in which, a few such as Annickia polycarpa, Gymnanthemum amygdalinum, Alstonia boonei, Nauclea latifolia, Harungana madagascariensis, Ocimum gratissimum and Senna occidentalis were the most important. The analysis of intracultural knowledge on antimalarial plants revealed that informants have shared a high knowledge. Meanwhile, there is an intercultural convergence about common plants used within communities. Therefore, 20 antimalarial plant species were shared within communities and actively used, through time. Finally, in terms of antimalarial plants knowledge, Akyé and Gwa communities were closer than Agni communities.
Conclusions

In spite of their different histories, the close contact of communities promote the sharing of the knowledge. People use the same important plants to cure malaria and know five forms of malaria. Knowledge on antimalarial plants does not reach a stable climax, but could be evolved by trial and error, as effective cures malaria.
Body Self-Image and Reported Socio-Economic Outcomes in Patients With Brain Tumors. Results of A Large Socio-Economic Survey
Authors: Franceschi Enrico , Nunno Vincenzo di , Tosoni Alicia , Gatto Lidia , Mura Antonella , Minichillo Santino , Lodi Raffaele , Conti Alfredo , Bartolini Stefania , Brandes Alba Ariela
Published: January 2021

Background: The socioeconomic status involves several aspects related to patient’s life, which may impact their quality of life. Very few studies have investigated this issue in patients with brain tumours. Methods: We carried out a survey aimed to explore socioeconomic issues in patients with grade 2 and 3 astrocytoma and glioblastoma (GBM).Results: 202 consecutive patients have been enrolled in this survey. About all patients had a caregiver (96%), which was generally represented by wife or husband (57.4%). The majority of patients described to feel less attractive after surgery and/or after the start of oncological treatment (p = 0.001) and experienced significant modifications of work activities with job loss occurring in 38.9% of patients. Conclusion: Some specific domains such as body self-image, sexual activity, caregiver’s condition, and financial impact are too often poorly considered during care path. However, the early recognition of these aspects could be essential to activate measures improving patient’s quality of life.
Effect of Recombinant Human Thrombomodulin on Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury in Septic Rats
Authors: Iwashita Yoshiaki , Erquan Zhang , Sawada Hirofumi , Kawai Masako , Maruyama Junko , Imai Hiroshi , Suzuki Koji , Maruyama Kazuo
Published: January 2021

Background: High tidal ventilation with inflammation causes ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We previously found that recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) has a protective effect regarding non-septic VILI caused by high-tidal-volume (HV) ventilation with high oxygen levels. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of rTM on VILI caused by sepsis and HV ventilation. Methods: A total of 46 adult male rats were subcutaneously administered either 3mg/kg of rTM or saline. Twelve hours later, the rats were underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 2 h after this procedure, the rats were placed on a ventilator set at either low tidal volume [(LV) 6 ml/kg] or high tidal volume (HV 35 ml/kg) ventilation for another 2 h. Results: After 2 h of mechanical ventilation, the PaO2 was significantly lower and BALF protein was significantly higher in HV rats than in LV rats. The rTM did not improve oxygenation or BALF protein levels. Also in HV rats, lung tissue interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the rTM-treated rats.Conclusion: rTM does not improve oxygenation in a non-DIC, CLP-pretreated, high-tidal-ventilation rat model.
Association of nutrition knowledge, practice, supplement use and nutrient intake with athletic performance among Taekwondo players in Nepal
Authors: Sunuwar Dev Ram , Singh Devendra Raj , Bohora Man Prasad , Shrestha Vintuna , Karki Kshitij , Pradhan Pranil Man Singh
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Adequate knowledge on nutrition and dietary intake are important to enhance the athletic performance. When athletes’ nutrition requirements are not met, they are more likely to be exhausted compromising athletic performance. The main objective of this study was to measure the association of nutritional knowledge, practice, supplement use, and nutrient intake with athletic performance among Nepalese Taekwondo (TKD) players. Methodology: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study among 293 Taekwondo players of Kathmandu Metropolitan City, between August 2019 and January 2020. A two-stage cluster random sampling technique was used to select respondents for this study. Face-to-face interviews were carried out using semi-structured questionnaires. Nutrition knowledge (NK), nutrition practice (NP), supplement use, nutrient intake using 24-hour dietary recall, and anthropometric measurements were taken. A handgrip dynamometer was used to assess the handgrip strength (HGS) as an indirect measure of athletic performance. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to find out the association of predictor and outcome variables. Data were analyzed using Stata/MP version 14.1.Results: Out of 293 participants, more than half (56.3% and 55.6%) had poor nutrition knowledge and nutrition practice scores, respectively. Total energy (2368 Kcal), carbohydrate (430.5 gm), protein (79.5 gm ), fat (71.2 gm), calcium (416 mg), and iron (7 mg) intake among TKD players were significantly lower than the corresponding Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for athletes. Nutritional knowledge score (r=0.117, p<0.045), height (r=0.538, p<0.001), weight (r=0.651, p<0.001), BMI (r=0.347, p<0.001), fat (r=0.075, p<0.002), and energy (r=0.127, p<0.029) intake showed significant positive correlation with handgrip strength of athletes. The athletic performance were positively associated with training hours per day (β=0.41, 95% CI: 0.09-0.91), BMI (β=0.35, 95% CI: 0.09-0.61), NK score (β=0.13, 95% CI: 0.01-0.25), and energy intake (β=0.13, 95% CI: 0.12=0.14).Conclusions: The results suggest that nutritional knowledge and nutrient intake both were poor among TKD athletes. Height, weight, BMI, nutritional knowledge, energy, and fat intake showed positive correlation with athletic performance. Future studies can build on the premise of this study to identify the robust relationship between nutritional knowledge, practice, different supplement use, and nutrient intake among athletes.
Should International Organizations Include Beneficiaries in Decision-making? Arguments for Mediated Inclusion
Authors: Tenove Chris
Published: January 2021

There are longstanding calls for international organizations (IOs) to be more inclusive of the voices and interests of people whose lives they affect. There is nevertheless widespread disagreement among practitioners and political theorists over who ought to be included in IO decision-making and by what means. This paper focuses on the inclusion of IOs’ ‘intended beneficiaries,’ both in principle and practice. It argues that IOs’ intended beneficiaries have particularly strong normative claims for inclusion because IOs can affect their vital interests and their political agency. It then examines how these claims to inclusion might be feasibly addressed. The paper proposes a model of inclusion via representation and communication, or ‘mediated inclusion.’ An examination of existing practices in global governance reveals significant opportunities for the mediated inclusion of IOs’ intended beneficiaries, as well as pervasive obstacles. The paper concludes that the inclusion of intended beneficiaries by IOs is both appropriate and feasible.
Guns or Food: On Prioritizing National Security over Global Poverty Relief
Authors: García-Gibson Francisco
Published: January 2021

Political realists claim that international relations are in a state of anarchy, and therefore every state is allowed to disregard its moral duties towards other states and their inhabitants. Realists argue that complying with moral duties is simply too risky for a state’s national security. Political moralists convincingly show that realists exaggerate both the extent of international anarchy and the risks it poses to states who act morally. Yet moralists do not go far enough, since they do not question realism’s normative core: the claim that when national security is really at risk, states are allowed to disregard their moral duties. I contend that there is at least one moral duty that states should not disregard even if their inhabitants are at risk of death by military aggression: the duty to reduce extreme global poverty. The reason is that even granting that national security is about securing individuals’ right to life, global poverty relief is about that as well.
Shaping the Capability Approach: Robeyns’ Modular View
Authors: Brando Nicolas
Published: January 2021

N/A
The Cosmopolitan Future of Democracy
Authors: Torresi Tiziana
Published: January 2021

Review: Daniele Archibugi, The Global Commonwealth of Citizens: Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2008.
Migration, the 'Brain Drain', and Individual Opportunities in Gillian Brock's Global Justice
Authors: Cabrera Luis
Published: January 2021

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The Ethics of Energy Production, Transportation, and Consumption
Authors: Lo Coco Laura
Published: January 2021

No abstract.
Application of several green manures to produce organic cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata) and their influence on soil biological properties
Authors: Bento Thatiany da Silva , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo de , Yamashita Oscar Mitsuo , Dallacort Rivanildo , Silva Ivone Vieira da , Felito Ricardo Adriano , Araújo Dejânia Vieira de
Published: January 2021

Green manure stands out in the organic vegetable production as complementary fertilizer alternative to organic compound incorporation, contributing to reduce production costs and improve soil physical, chemical and biological features. The aim of the current study is to assess green manure and spontaneous vegetation species in cropping systems focused on the organic cabbage production, as well as their influence on soil microbial community. The treatments consisted of green manures such as black velvet beans (Stizolobium aterrimum), Crotalaria spectabilis, jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan cv. Iapar 43) and spontaneous vegetation (fallow) in two cropping systems (with and without incorporation of green manure plants). Evaluations of green manure, cabbage crop and soil microbial activity were carried out. Green manure: fresh and dry mass, nitrogen and accumulated nitrogen content; Cabbage culture: horizontal and vertical diameter of the head, commercial and total mass; Microbial soil activity: soil microbial biomass carbon, soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient. For fresh and dry mass, jack beans and pigeons pea presented higher values, indicating good performance of these materials. For both, nitrogen content and accumulated nitrogen, the jack beans were stood. Regarding cabbage culture, the spontaneous vegetation decreased the horizontal diameter of the head when the incorporation did not occur. As for the commercial mass, for jack beans the cultivation with incorporation was superior. When the incorporation of the covering plants occurred, the crotalaria spectabilis produced less commercial mass and total head mass. Still in relation to total head mass, jack beans and spontaneous vegetation had lower mass when no incorporation occurred. As to soil microbial biomass carbon the spontaneous vegetation presented higher value, differing only from black velvet beans. The use of jack beans as a cover crop associated with the incorporation system was shown to be promising for the production of cabbage.
Grain yield, stability and bacterial brown spot disease of dark red kidney dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes across six environments in South Africa
Authors: Salegua Venâncio , Melis Rob , Fourie Deidré , Sibiya Julia , Musvosvi Cousin
Published: January 2021

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown under an extensive range of agro-climatic conditions and is an essential source of protein and income globally. This study aimed to evaluate yield performance, stability, and bacterial brown spot (BBS) disease resistance of fourteen dark red kidney genotypes across environments in South Africa namely Carolina, Clarens, Cedara, Middelburg, Potchefstroom, and Warden. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE-biplot) analysis were used to evaluate grain yield performance, stability, and BBS disease resistance. The AMMI ANOVA revealed that mean squares for grain yield and BBS severity for the environment, genotype, and genotype by environment interaction were highly significant (P<0.001). Four interaction principal components (IPCA1 - 4) for grain yield and IPCA1 for BBS severity were highly significant (P<0.001, P<0.01). Genotype G12 showed broad adaptation for both high grain yield and low BBS severity across the six environments, while genotypes G08, G06, G03, G02, G05, and G04 had specific adaption for high grain yield and low BBS severity. These genotypes recorded grain yield above the grand mean and the best check cultivar, both with 1.43 t ha-1 , and BBS severity below the grand mean (31.90%) and the best check (48.89%). The genotypes identified with either broad or specific adaptation can be released in the environments they are adapted to, or used as parents in breeding programmes aiming to improve grain yield and BBS disease resistance of dry bean for farmers in South Africa.
Spatial variability in soybean associated with soil fertility variations in a no-tillage system
Authors: Neto Michel Esper , Minato Evandro Antonio , Hara Anderson Takashi , Oliveira Silas Maciel de , Junior Edner Betioli , Gonçalves Antonio Carlos Andrade , Inoue Tadeu Takeyoshi , Batista Marcelo Augusto
Published: January 2021

Understanding the spatial variability of soil fertility is necessary for preventing nutrient losses or excessive agricultural inputs. The aim of this research was to evaluate the spatial variability of the chemical characteristics of a Typic Hapludox cultivated with soybean for 110 days at different depths and the impacts of these characteristics on crop yield. Soil samples were collected at a total of 80 points in an area of 5000 m2 . The contents of P, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn were analyzed, in addition to pH and H+Al. The data were evaluated through descriptive statistics and geostatistical tools, and kriging maps were made based on semivariogram adjustments. Most of the soil fertility variables showed moderate or strong spatial dependence. The statistical moments obtained for the distributions showed that the symmetry of the distributions allowed the use of geostatistics techniques. In general, the greater the soil depth was, the lower the nutrient levels were. The soybean yield range (29.5 m) was similar to the P range in the 0.0-0.20 m soil layer (29.2 m). P influenced the soybean yield the most, as expressed by the similarity between the two kriging maps. In regions with more phosphorus at deeper soil layers, higher soybean yields were obtained.
Effect of brassinoesteroid hormone on oxidants activity of two contrasting cowpea cultivars subjected to saline stress
Authors: Ohashi Rafael Sales , Nogueira Glauco Andre dos Santos , Cardoso Kerolém Prícila Sousa , Brito Ana Ecídia de Araújo , Machado Liliane Corrêa , Martins Jéssica Taynara da Silva , Costa Thays Correa , Neto Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira , Okumura Ricardo Shigueru , Mercês Júlia Karoline Rodrigues das , Junior Joaquim Alves de Lima
Published: January 2021

The aims of this study were to study the biochemical metabolism alterations generated by saline stress in two cowpea cultivars: BRS Guariba (moderately tolerant) and BR3 Tracuateua (sensitive), and to investigate the action of brassinosteroid in attenuation of oxidative stress. The results for water content and damage index in cell membranes were similar. Plants with 24-Epibrassinolide hormone maintained their water content satisfactory and without any membrane extravasation, whereas, for plants with salinity these variables decreased considerably. The results showed that salinity increased sodium (Na+) contents and reduced potassium (K+) content, which caused water increases allowing a higher dilution of sodium ions (Na+), avoiding cellular toxicity. The antioxidant defense system of these plants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase) were activated mainly in characterization of salt stress, increasing their concentrations trying to avoid toxicity. The association of brassine and salinity caused reduction of lipid peroxidation characterized by malondialdehyde variable. These results corroborated the efficacy of the brassine hormone in cowpea plants under saline stress, characterizing as a plant plasticity.