bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weight and Health-related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pizano Demetria , Hedrick Rebecca , Clevenger Steven , Cohen Samantha , IsHak Waguih William
Published: June 2021

Objective: This systematic review aims to examine the spectrum of research studies including cross-cultural and international studies that have focused on weight and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, studies published in the past 25 years from 1995 until 2020 that pertain to weight and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents were identified through the use of Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PsycInfo databases. Two authors independently conducted a focused analysis and reached a final consensus on which studies to include using specific selection criteria followed by a quality check of the studies, resulting in the final selection of 25 studies. Results: The selected studies particularized the level of impaired quality of life among normal-weight, overweight and obese children and adolescents, and distinctly found that higher participant weight was correlated with a lower HRQoL score. Conclusion: Studies showed a significant negative correlation between weight and HRQoL. Multiple types of prevention and treatment programs are critically needed to provide resources to improve quality of life in overweight and obese children and adolescents.
Dental Implants in the Geriatric Population: Challenges in Developing Economies
Authors: Gloria Agboghoroma Okeoghenemaro , Governor G. Ameh , Joan Emien Enabulele
Published: June 2021

Aging is a natural process that results in biological and physiological changes in the body. geriatric dental patients pose unique challenges that are not routinely seen in younger patients. The difference in bone size, density, shape, and quality present unique opportunities for clinicians to consider when planning for implant replacement therapies in geriatric patients. Despite these setbacks, the popularity of implants in dentistry has risen in recent times and more clinicians and patients see the potentials for oral rehabilitation among the geriatric population. This article attempts to appraise the challenges associated with the provision of dental Implants to the older age group, particularly in developing economies. The challenges of implant treatment in developing countries remain enormous but not insurmountable. As implant treatment for a dental prosthesis in developing countries gains popularity amongst geriatric patients, clinicians must balance this treatment choice on the overall desire and health of the patient, while evaluating his clinical and laboratory competence. Decision on whether or not to place an implant in the mouth of a geriatric patient should not be made on the background of age but on a cocktail of economic, local, and systemic factors.
Epistemología de la psicología: ¿es posible pensar un fundamento existencialista?
Authors: Jiménez Moreno José Alfonso
Published: June 2021

Este texto se enfoca en la problemática de la relación entre psicología y filosofía, particularmente bajo una mirada existencialista. Considerando posturas sobre las bases epistemológicas de la psicología y su método de estudio, así como la invitación de la filosofía existencial a pensar sobre a esta temática, se establece una reflexión enfocada a alimentar el debate de la vigente epistemología psicológica y la tensión que ello genera frente la aparente imposibilidad de conocimiento bajo métodos positivistas. Se aborda la necesidad de tomar en cuenta métodos que consideren el análisis de la condición de existencia y situaciones vitales para la comprensión de la constitución del sujeto. Se concluye con la posibilidad de cuestionarse un acercamiento de la psicología actual a la reflexión filosófica.
Algunas reflexiones sobre las herramientas técnicas de mediación en el proceso educativo musical y sus posibilidades de análisis a través de la fenomenología de Alfred Schütz
Authors: Partida Valdivia José Marcos
Published: June 2021

El presente documento se centra en el proceso de mediación con herramientas técnicas propuesto por Lev Vygotsky y sus posibilidades de análisis a partir de los planteamientos de la fenomenología de Alfred Schütz. Se efectúa un énfasis especial en lo concerniente a procesos educativos musicales de niños de edades tempranas. Para este propósito se parte de los planteamientos del dualismo cartesiano, un referente importante dentro de la filosofía moderna y que plantea una discusión sobre la relación objeto-sujeto, misma relación que es posible identificar en el proceso de mediación con herramientas técnicas. En un segundo momento se presentan algunos planteamientos más relevantes sobre la mediación sociocultural y la construcción del significado en el mundo de la vida (Lebenswelt). Se concluye con señalamientos que indagan en algunos puntos en común entre la perspectiva sociocultural de Vygotsky y la fenomenología de Schütz, también se exponen algunas de las posibilidades identificadas en la fenomenología para efectuar un estudio profundo del proceso de mediación sociocultural con herramientas técnicas en la educación musical.
Maquiavelo y el cristianismo como educación política fallida. Un estudio sobre política y religión desde Lluis Duch
Authors: Gutiérrez López Fabian
Published: June 2021

En el presente texto examino la crítica de Maquiavelo sobre el cristianismo y la educación política que de él emana. Comento pasajes específicos de su obra Discursos sobre la primera década de Tito Libio donde se refiere a la educación política cristiana. Hago esta examinación a la luz de un breve repaso sobre los orígenes del cristianismo, y para ello me baso en diversos pasajes de la Biblia (con especial énfasis en Mateo y Gálatas). Para esta confrontación, retomo la perspectiva de Lluis Duch en su libro Religión y política. Asimismo, como apoyo para mi argumentación, hago intermitentes citas a las obras  Política de Aristóteles y el Leviatán de Thomas Hobbes, aunque esto se hará sólo en muy contadas ocasiones.
Sobre la importancia del método en la formación filosófica.
Authors: Villa Sánchez José Alfonso
Published: June 2021

La formación profesional en filosofía debe poner la misma atención al contenido de los filósofos estudiados que al método del que dichos filósofos se valen, pues unas ideas se dejan expresar de unos modos mejor que de otros, y unos problemas filosóficos reclaman ser tratados más con un género literario que con otro. De manera que el método en filosofía no es un asunto menor en la formación del profesional de la filosofía. El presente estudio profundiza en el método utilizado por algunos pensadores consagrados en la historia de la filosofía, tomando como ejemplo algún fragmento significativo de su producción. Se trata de autores de la talla de Platón, Santo Tomás de Aquino y Søren Kierkegaard, David Hume, Friedrich Nietzsche y Ludwig Wittgenstein, Karl Marx y el trabajo conjunto de Max Horkheimer y Theodor W. Adorno, Martin Heidegger y Hans-Georg Gadamer.
Investigar en el campo de las humanidades, la construcción de una tesis
Authors: Nava Preciado José María , Valencia Aguirre Ana Cecilia
Published: June 2021

En la actividad académica de los autores como profesores de Metodología de la Investigación en las Humanidades, Seminarios de Tesis o Titulación se ha notado la escasa literatura sobre los procesos de investigación en el campo; poco se ha abordado sobre la enseñanza de la investigación en las humanidades, por ello el interés de abordar este tema centrado en la experiencia desde las diversas lecturas que se realizan para preparar el terreno de la investigación. Escribir una tesis en el área de las humanidades resulta una tarea necesaria para obtener un grado o bien ingresar a un posgrado en un campo de la disciplina. Una tesis surge de una investigación que demanda un dominio de habilidades problematizadoras, de capacidad de análisis, de comprensión y sobre todo de disciplina. El presente artículo surge de una reflexión sobre los procesos de indagación concretados en un escrito, a la reflexión se ligan de manera dialógica los textos de filósofos que, en su denuedo, aportan vías para comprender la complejidad de la investigación en el campo de las humanidades, las disquisiciones fluyen a partir de dos ejes problematizadores ¿Qué tipo de habilidades y capacidades demanda la investigación humanística? Y ¿Cómo estás habilidades se expresan en las tesis?
Editorial
Authors: Grajeda Velázquez Jorge
Published: June 2021

Universidad de Guadalajara
La filosofía como medicina: Nietzsche y Byung Chul-Han frente al nihilismo y la sociedad del rendimiento
Authors: Díaz Gallardo Jorge
Published: June 2021

Nuestra época ha sido definida de diversos modos (posmoderna, líquida, vacía, entre otros), los cuales manifiestan que los filósofos han continuado con el proyecto nietzscheano de hacer de la filosofía una “medicina de la cultura”. En este tenor, el filósofo surcoreano, Byung Chul-Han, ha realizado sugestivos diagnósticos que afirman que la nuestra es una sociedad dominada por la transparencia y el rendimiento, por un exceso de positividad que termina agotando y aislando al individuo del siglo XXI. Por ello, el propósito de este texto es mostrar cómo los diagnósticos de Han son una continuación de la concepción nietzscheana del filósofo como médico de la cultura, específicamente, cómo la sintomatología descrita por el filósofo surcoreano, es una evolución de la gran enfermedad de Occidente: el nihilismo. Por lo que pensar el nihilismo, esclarece la “necesidad histórica” de hacer de la filosofía una praxis, una medicina, un modo de vivir, antes que un sistema teórico explicativo de la realidad.
Barthes: novela y filosofía, en el medio de la vida
Authors: García Soto Luis
Published: June 2021

En el presente texto, examinamos la elección de Roland Barthes entre la novela y el ensayo como prácticas de la escritura. En 1978, Barthes decidió escribir una novela, motivado por sus posibilidades expresivas. Sin embargo, se percató de que, antes,  tenía que responder dos preguntas: qué escribir y cómo escribir. En su opinión, estas dos cuestiones son de naturaleza ética. Tratando de responderlas, Barthes mudó de parecer y, en 1979, escribe un ensayo filosófico. Y fallece en 1980 sin llegar a escribir una novela. En nuestra opinión, si no hubiese muerto en ese momento, Barthes podría haber escrito una novela. Pero, de hecho, la filosofía ofrece (y le ofreció a Barthes) las mismas (o muy semejantes) posibilidades de expresión que la literatura.
Deleuze y Descombes como lectores de En búsqueda del tiempo perdido de M. Proust
Authors: León Gutiérrez Daniela
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo pretende comparar las lecturas filosóficas que hacen Deleuze y Descombes de la Recherche, con el fin de mostrar las semejanzas y diferencias metódicas. Nos interesa mostrar el cambio de enfoque y del sentido de ‘lectura filosófica’ de una novela. Deleuze hace un estudio sistemático-taxonómico centrado en los tipos de signos y su aprendizaje. Descombes se centra en la forma novelesca, concretamente, en la técnica y pensamiento del novelista como creador.
Ecos y espejos en la escritura para sanar al otro según Clarice Lispector
Authors: Agraz Rubin Lucía De Lourdes
Published: June 2021

La obra literaria de Clarice Lispector cobra en estos momentos un halo de misterios desentrañados por la reciente biografía escrita por Benjamin Moser que apuntan a una revisión de su sensibilidad anclada en espiritual judía. En el presente ensayo se hace una análisis filosófico y psicológico del cuento Amor a través de  teorías del filósofo judío Buber como eco de la herencia de Clarice y desde la perspectiva lacaniana del  torno al reflejo-espejo del yo en el tú como encuentro significativo para el conocimiento de la propia subjetivad. Se traza por lo tanto un esbozo de cómo la literatura deviene un proceso de introspección y de cura.
Lenguaje y creación: Los mitos sobre el origen del lenguaje y la cosmogonía
Authors: Lozano Campos Luz Aída
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo exploraré la pregunta: ¿qué es el lenguaje desde la perspectiva mítico-religiosa? Tomaré como punto de partida tres mitos, donde el origen del lenguaje humano se remonta hasta la cosmogonía misma o emerge de una creación divina previa: guaraní, judeocristiano y banta. Mostraré que, desde la visión mítico-religiosa, a) el lenguaje tiene un fundamento trascendente en tanto capacidad de creación, b) la capacidad de “nombrar” es la acción creativa fundamental, c) el lenguaje humano surge de una ruptura con un lenguaje “puramente creativo” que le antecede, pero es también su posibilidad de resarcir el vínculo con la divinidad.
El efecto Sade sobre la ley. Imaginación literaria y límite trascendente
Authors: Ruiz Pozo Jesús
Published: June 2021

El texto trata de bosquejar el concepto de ley en la obra de Sade. El objetivo es mostrar la imposible realidad de la ley postulada por Sade. La cuestión problemática del tema es cómo afecta un concepto imposible ante la realidad de lo posible.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN BEEF PATTIES BOILED WITH ETHANOL EXTRACT OF THE ROOT OF Glycyrrhiza glabra LINN
Authors: Ugbeni C. O. , Idiakheua D. O. , Ejovwokoghene U. O.
Published: June 2021

The use of spices in boiling of meat is a common phenomenon. The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra is used locally as spice for met. This work was design to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on malondialdehyde content, percentage Metmyoglobin content, acid value, Heme-iron content and peroxide value of beef stored at 4oc for a storage time of 0 to 18 hours was evaluated. Samples were taken at interval of 6 hours for analysis of the biochemical parameters under study. The statistical difference observed in Acid value, Malondialdehyde content, Heme iron content and peroxide value showed no significant difference, all having P≥0.05 in beef treated with ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra when compared to the control. On the other hand, the statistical difference in percentage metmyoglobin content when compared to the control at 0 hour interval was significant having P≤0.05, then at other distinct time interval showed no significant difference having P≥0.05. Thus, this study revealed that the extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra have a decreased antioxidant property against rancidity in beef samples and peroxide formation, although the stability of antioxidant, antimicrobial properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra decreases with storage time resulting in the variation of percentage Metmyoglobin values, Malondialdehyde values and Heme iron values, Acid value and peroxide value of beef, which indicates it may not be a good spice for beef
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SOME HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION ANALYSES ON THREE COMMON SPECIES OF FISH IN TUNGAN KAWO RESERVOIR KONTAGORA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Kinta Mohammed Jr. , Ayanwale A. V. , Keke U. N. , Auta Y. I. , Adama B. S. , Usman H.
Published: June 2021

Developing countries like Nigeria are faced with increased in generation of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes, with a large percentage moving. This study evaluates the physico-chemical and some heavy metals concentration in three common species of fish from Tungan Kawo reservoir Kontagora, Nigeria; using standard methods between (July 2018 – February 2019); at four different sampling stations of human activities on the water. Five heavy metals were evaluated (Lead, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Chromium) in the fish samples. Phosphate (0.4 – 2.5) mg/L, Nitrate (3.2 – 7.5) mg/L, Temperature (27 – 32.4) 0C, Dissolved Oxygen (2.4 – 5.2 mg/L), Conductivity (81 – 125 µS/cm), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (1.9 – 4.4 mg/L), Alkalinity (mg/L) and Total Dissolved Solids (117 – 198) ppm were within the standard for drinking water and survival of fish.  However, the pH (6.3 – 9.8) was above the standard for NIS and WHO drinking water but can support aquatic life. Iron (0.64 ± 0.072 mg/kg) was the most highly concentrated in Synodontis clarias while lead (0.01 ± 0.013 mg/kg) was the lowest in Oreochromis niloticus and Coptidon zillii (formerly Tilapia zillii. This current finding indicates that the water is safe for both aquatic life and domestic purpose but not suitable for direct human consumption without being properly treated. However, there is the need for regular monitoring of the heavy metals load in this water body and the aquatic organisms because of the long term effects
ORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS FOR THE TAXONOMIC IDENTIFICATION OF SOME SPECIES OF ACACIA FROM ZARIA, KADUNA STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Salisu Halima , Khan A. U. , Abubakar B. Y. , Namadi S.
Published: June 2021

Acacia belongs to the family fabaceae among the largest legume genera consisting of eighteen species with the majority of the species distributed in tropical and sub-tropical Africa. Classification of Acacia have remained a daunting task due to it wide spread and also hampered by is large number of species ,prevalence of morphological convergence. Morphological variations in foliar, thorn, inflorescence of some Acacia species found in Zaria for their taxonomic identification at species level were evaluated were Seven species and one variety of Acacia were taxonomically classified using morphological characters. In almost the species leaves were compound bipinnate, alternate and pinnulesare oblong. However the pinnules of A. senegal are obovate. In A. auriculiformis the leaves are simple and sickle-like in shape. Leaves texture ranges from glabrous to pubescent and leaf margin were entire in all the species. The morphological measurement parameters were analyzed using ANOVA cooperation and the results indicate variations among the species. The variations observed in some of the characters could be of taxonomic importance in the identification of the species. Overall ranking indicated that Acacia sieberiana var  sieberiana and Acacia sieberiana var villosa were the best with high values of morphological characters of pinna length (3.50±0.11 cm and 3.82±0.16 cm respectively) and number of pinna (18.80±1.32 and 41.70±1.52 respectively). The high values of pinna could be used in solving taxonomic problems associated with Acacia species and in mapping out breeding strategies for the production of cultivars with better foliar yield of Acacia species in Nigeria
PERFORMANCE OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) VARIETIES AS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN BILLIRI, GOMBE STATE AND MAKURDI BENUE STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Nwanojuo M. N. , Madina Paul
Published: June 2021

Field experiment was carried out during the rainy season of 2019 in Tal, Billiri Local Government, Gombe State and Teaching and Research farm University of Agriculture Makurdi Benue State. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the performance of five varieties of sesame under organic and inorganic fertilizer. Treatments consisted of five varieties of sesame (E-8, NCRIBEN-01, NCRIBEN-02, NCRIBEM-031 and YANDEV-55) and five fertilizers (NPK, Poultry dropping, cow dung, goat manure and control). These were factorially combined and laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the study revealed that sesame generally responded to both varietal, fertilizer and location effects. All the parameters studied have significantly (P≤0.05) responded to the both varietal, fertilizer and location effects where variety NCRIBEN-01 and E-8 was observed to perform higher in both growth character and grain yield. NPK fertilizer and Benue location was significant in both growth, yield related character and overall yield. Based on the result obtained it can be suggested that the use of E-8, NCRIBEN-01 and NPK fertilizer will lead to optimum yield for farmer in Billiri local Government, Gombe state and Benue State Nigeria
ViroStatics Testing Capabilities to Determine Efficacy of Drugs, Disinfectants or Devices against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Poddesu Barbara , Cugia Giulia , Lori Franco , De Forni Davide
Published: June 2021

ViroStatics is a privately held small pharmaceutical company dedicated to discovering and developing novel compounds for a multifaceted treatment of cancers and viral diseases and focuses on novel, selective, host cell kinase targeted inhibitors in its state-of-the-art Biological Safety Level 3 Laboratory. The company has strong expertise in testing drugs, natural substances, disinfectants, or any material for activity against SARS-CoV-2, either in liquid suspension or aerosol.
THE EFFECT OF HARD AND SOFT FACTORS ON THE SUCCESS OF A COMPANY
Authors: Bóna Peter , Lippert Robert
Published: June 2021

What makes a company successful? What kind of instruments may it use to achieve outstanding results? Instruments necessary for effective operation depend remarkably on the current age and the environment surrounding the organisation. Various ages have had their different keys to success. This key has become more and more complex and complicated due to the continuous acceleration of world economy and the fact that distances have become negligible. The aim of this study is to explore, whether companies having an interest in the processing industry use hard or soft success factors as a key to achieve success. In order to do that, the research will identify the possible success factors first. Henceforward it will reveal the effect of the resulting factors on success by logistic regression, which will be examined via the balance scorecard by complementing the four classic aspects – as one of the pioneers – with a fifth one, i.e. sustainability. Thus it will become visible, to what extent strategic, structural, cultural and leadership success factors influence the performance of a company to reach excellence in accordance with the expectations of the owners, the customers, the employees and the social sphere. The results of the research will thereby show the unravelled correlations between the successful operation of a company and the instruments indicating hard and soft success affecting it.
Key words: balanced scorecard, culture, leadership, strategy, structure, success factors, sustainability.
EFFECT OF POLITICAL CHANGE TO THE CHANGE OF CORPORATE VALUES
Authors: Kovács Zoltán , Nyerki Emil
Published: June 2021

Lean is the mainstream process improvement philosophy. It has a more or less standardized set of techniques, which are well known worldwide, however the application environments – mostly due to cultural differences – are rather diverse. Hungary has been on the way of political and economical transition since 1989. Following the first free election in 1990 there were several changes in the structure of production and service companies. Previously state-owned “giants” of industry died, others have been privately owned for a long time.
The study examined the lean applications in different, mostly Central and Eastern European countries in transition based on literature review. They carried out an empirical research in Hungary. Original Hungarian companies which existed before 1990 were in the research focus, analysing their lean implementation and corporate values. The research found basic differences in the attitudes before and after the change of economical system, and providing information about the closed gap regarding corporate values of foreigner owned and Hungarian owned companies.
Key words: corporate goals, transition economies, lean, political change, social values.
OUTSOURCING FAILURES IN SME’S: CASE STUDY APPROACH
Authors: Prystupa Kaja , Rządca Maciej
Published: June 2021

Outsourcing, which is a popular business strategy among large companies, is also an attractive option for small entities. However, in order to bring expected results, outsourcing requires knowledge of potential risks and ability of managing them. Even large companies need to face various outsourcing challenges, however, at least they dispose richer resources than small organizations and their success is less dependent on single product delivery. Therefore the aim of the research was to examine the reasons of failure of outsourcing initiatives in SMEs. The authors followed the qualitative approach based on case study method. The obtained results brought contributions in both areas: theoretical as the issue of outsourcing initiatives in SMEs has been analysed to a limited extent; as well as practical because it brought important insight for managers by indicating risks of that they should be aware and properly prepared. The findings indicated the importance of: strategic planning on outsourcing initiative and the development and maintenance of close relations of outsourcing companies with its vendor. Key words: case study, outsourcing in SME, outsourcing challenges, small companies.
Relationship Between Dry Matter Contents and Metabolic Enzymes During Potato Tuber Enlargement
Authors: Han Zhongca , Song Shuyao , Zhang Shenli , Yu Cuixiang , Xu Fei , Sun Jing , Zheng Bin , Li Yanjun
Published: June 2021

To explore the relationship between the dry matter contents of potato tubers and metabolic enzymes, an experiment was designed. Ten individual indicators, including metabolic enzymes, could be reduced to 4 comprehensive indicators by using a principal component analysis. Using these 4 components as independent variables (X) and the dry matter content as the dependent variable (Y), the following linear regression equation was obtained: Y = ‒51.802 ‒ 1.022X5 ‒ 0.034X6 + 0.872X9 + 0.286X10 (R2 = 0.889, P = 0.012). In a comparison between the dry matter contents (22.74, 16.58 and 20.72%) calculated according to the equation and the measured value (22.96, 17.09 and 19.75%), the absolute error was < 1% and the estimation accuracy was > 95%. These results indicated that the linear regression equation can be used to predict accurately and quickly the dry matter contents during the tuber enlargement stage.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 253-259, 2021 (June)
Antifungal Activity of Six Medicinal Plants of Pakistan Against Selected Fungi
Authors: Begum Hussan Ara , Asad Fayaz , Hamayun Muhammad , Murad Waheed , Khan Ajmal , Yaseen Tabassum
Published: June 2021

Antifungal properties of Cucumis sativus, Portulaca oleracea, Malus baccata, Saxifraga flagillaris, Geranium wallichianum. and Monotheca buxifolia were evaluated against Alternaria, Acremonium, Verticillium, Pythium, and Trichoderma, using agar well-diffusion method. The crude ethanolic extract of G. wallichianum showed the highest antifungal activity followed by P. oleracae and S. flagillaris. The dichloromethane fraction of G. wallichianum showed the highest antifungal activity against Acremonium (28 mm), Alternaria (20.50 mm) and Trichoderma (20 mm). The n-hexane fraction of C. sativus showed the maximum antifungal activity (20 mm) against Pythium. The present findings demonstrated that six selected plants contain precious natural products for treating infectious diseases and can be used to isolate chemical compounds for future drug sources.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 441-443, 2021 (June)
Bioactive potential of Aphanamixis polystachya seed extracts
Authors: Banik SK , Iftekhar S , Rahman AFMM , Bari ML , Islam MS
Published: June 2021

Aphanamixis polystachy seed extracts were examined for their in-vitro biological activities. The n-hexane and methanol extract showed significant phenolic content of 12.0 and 11.7 mg GAE/g, respectively. Antioxidant activity was exhibited by the methanol extract (IC50: 22.34 μg/mL) and moderate activity was shown by the n-hexane extract (IC50: 63.05 μg/ml) compared to BHT (tert-butyl-1- hydroxy toluene, IC50: 14.01 μg/ml) though both extracts caused moderate clot lysis of 18.84% and 23.49% compared to the positive control Streptokinase (65.16%). The n-hexane and methanol extract had shown 18.2% and 32.2% inhibition of hypnotic solution induced haemolysis respectively, while the n-hexane extract had almost no activity (2.21%) and methanol extract showed very high (70.17%) inhibition of heat induced haemolysis compared to acetyl salicylic acid (71.9%). Sensible and substantial cytotoxicity was exhibited by the n-hexane (LC50:13.45 μg/ml) and methanol extracts (LC50:1.61 μg/ml), respectively compared to vincristine sulfate (LC50: 0.45 μg/ml). The n-hexane extract showed no antimicrobial activity against the tested micro-organisms but the methanol extract showed a strong zone of inhibition (25 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus and a moderate zone of inhibition (10mm) against Shigella boydii. Both the extracts exhibited almost zero haemolysis.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 75-86, 2021
Blood meal organic fertiliser application on onion yield
Authors: Momtaz N , Parvin A , Hossain MK , Saha B , Moniruzzaman M , Kibria A , Sarker MAM , Munshi JL
Published: June 2021

In this study, effects of bloodmeal on onion (Allium cepa L. CV. BARI peaj-1) cultivation to increase yield and related attributes have been tested. The effect of blood meal as fertilizers has been compared with growth hormone treatment and other conventional fertilizer. In the field, the different amount of growth elements treated were at the rate of 2550, 241.90 and 0.17 kg/ha for blood meal, urea and gibberellic acid (GA3), respectively. The yield performance was 172.84, 189.59 and 153.34 MT/ha for GA3, urea and blood meal, respectively. Using GA3 is expensive, and use of urea, a chemical fertilizer, can have adverse effect on soil. Blood meal, a biological ingredient, appears to be a bio-rationale amendment for production and sustained yield of onion. The results will need to ground truth tested in the field.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 87-94, 2021
Experimental design modelling for the extraction of vanadium(IV) extraction V(IV)-SO4 2- (H+, Na+)-Cyanex 301-kerosene system
Authors: Karmakar AK , Biswas RK
Published: June 2021

The vanadium(IV) extraction from acidic sulphate medium by Cyanex 301 (bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid) dissolved in kerosene is explored from the modelling point of view. The time of equilibration is only 10 min and above pH(eq) = 2, high extraction (>90%) occurs.On keeping organic to aqueous phase ratio of 1, factors affecting the extent of extraction (log D and log CD) are pH(eq), [V(IV)],[SO4 2-], [Cyanex 301]and temperature (T). The high (+) and low (-) levels are considered for the factors. The 25 factorial design is used to find the regression equation for the V(IV) extraction by Cyanex 301. On symbolizing pH(eq), log [V(IV)], , log [SO4 2-], log [Cyanex 301], and 1/T (K-1); where concentration terms are in mol/L, as P , M, S,E, and (1/T), respectively,the regression equation obtained is: log CD = 1.95 - 0.23 M + 1.83 P + 2.07 E + 0.84 S - (888.9/T) - 0.26 PS.The current system shows only the interaction effect among pH(eq) and [SO4 2-]. The equation can well describe the system,and it can be used to optimize factors for satisfactory extraction.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 95-104, 2021
Pawpaw enriched soymilk beverage
Authors: Bolarinwa IF , Aruna TE , Ajetunmobi RI , Adejuyitan JA , Alawode OW
Published: June 2021

Effects of enriching soymilk with pawpaw puree at different ratios (10 – 40%) were evaluated for physicochemical properties, vitamin A and C, mineral contents, and sensory attributes. The results showed increase in total soluble solids (5.5 – 8.5 oBrix), total titratable acidity (0.53 – 0.87 g/kg) and viscosity (19.9 – 26.7 cp), but decreased in pH (7.4 – 6.8). Vitamin A and C contents of the soy-pawpaw beverage increased from 12.4– 20.4 μg/100 ml and 10.9 – 25.8 mg/100 ml, respectively. All the macromineral contents of the enriched soymilk beverages increased significantly except for sodium.Enrichment of soymilk with pawpaw puree improved the sensory attributes of the drink in terms of flavour, taste, mouthfeel and overall acceptance, especially at high supplementation level (40%). Soymilk with pawpaw puree resulted in products with better vitamin A and C and macro-mineral contents than plain soymilk drink, thus, the soy-pawpaw beverage will complement consumers micro and macro-nutrient intake.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 105-114, 2021
Biostoning of textile effluent with laccase enzyme
Authors: Iqbal K , Nadeem A , Zafar U
Published: June 2021

The incessant release of textile effluent comprehending dyes and heavy metals which impacts on aquatic life. Current study used an enzyme to eradicate phenolic compounds and synthetic dyes from textile effluent by an indigenously isolated white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus- P1 has been cultured and indicated the utmost laccase activity with synthetic medium; as reacting substrate for dye decolorization. The textile effluent decolorization optimization has been conducted with different concentrations of laccase enzyme, temperature and pH. The 90% effluent decolorization was obtained by applying response surface methodology (RSM) conditions temperature, crude laccase enzyme and pH, 25˚C, 13.5 U/ml and 5 respectively. The predicted values were validated with experimental values, that confirms the steadiness of the model.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 115-124, 2021
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) powder from low temperature drying technique
Authors: Sarker AK , Rashid M , Roy DC , Musarrat M , Bithi UH
Published: June 2021

Ginger powder was prepared using different low temperature drying techniques and their nutritional, phytochemicals, functional and sensory quality were investigated. Moisture content was significantly (p<0.05) higher (7.16±0.04%) in shade dried powder and lowest in oven dried powder. Protein, fat and fiber contents varied with drying techniques ranging from 6.08±0.05 to 6.68±0.07%, 1.08±0.16 to 1.39±0.25% and 3.86±0.13 to 5.11±0.06% respectively. Highest alkaloid content was found in mechanical dried powder (4.44±0.04%), while highest flavonoid content was found in oven dried ginger powder (4.67±0.07%) and maximum saponin content was recorded in shade dried powder (2.67±0.10%). Highest ascorbic acid content (3.53±0.08 mg/100g) was found in shade dried powder and lowest was recorded in oven dried ginger powder (3.53±0.08 mg/100g). Sun drying technique exhibited better nutritional and sensory quality. The sensory score demonstrated that acceptance of all dried ginger powder was in the range of liked very much to liked moderately by the panelist. Low temperature drying techniques have positive significance on retaining phytochemicals and sensory quality of processed ginger.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 133-140, 2021
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Authors: Naznin Rubait , Nessa Akhtarun , Nazrina Sayeda
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is an intractable public health problem that carries a threat to the health of the entire population. Smoking is a known risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers especially lung cancer.

Objectives:To assess the effect of cigarette smoking on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among cigarette smokers and examine whether PEFR differs between cigarette smokers and non-smokers.

Materials and Methods: This is cross-sectional comparative study was done for one year from July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 150 subjects were recruited from the medicine and allied outpatient departments of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and Mymensingh locality. They are divided into 50 non-smokers (Group I) and 100 smokers (group II) with a duration of smoking 5-10 years (group IIA) and more than 10 years (Group IIB). PEFR was recorded by using Wright’s mini Peak flow meter. A questionnaire including demographic data was completed in all cases. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 11.5.

Results: Mean PEFR among non-smokers was 449.20±6.83 L/min whereas among smokers of 5-10 years duration(Group IIA) and above 10 years duration (Group IIB),  it was 301.20±2.17 L/min and 297.80±2.54 L/min respectively. Mean PEFR values were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers of both groups.

Conclusion: Cigarette smoking has deleterious effects on lung function causing a significant reduction of PEFR in smokers compared to nonsmokers. Coordinated national strategies for tobacco prevention, cessation, and control are essential for the establishment of a smoke-free environment.

JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 165-167
Treatment of Paediatric Supra Condylar Fracture Humerus
Authors: Haque Md Maksudul , Ahmed Masud , Haque Md Enamul , Faisal Md Ali , Islam Mohammad Saiful , Sen Sumon Kumar
Published: June 2021

Introduction: One of the most frequent elbow fractures in childhood, is supracondylar fracture whichrequires rapid diagnosis and treatment. It is usually associated with neurovascular, functional problems and deformity.

Objectives: To assess demographic, clinical features and treatment outcomes of the patients who underwent closed reduction and splinting, stabilization by percutaneous pinning or Open Reduction and Internal Fixation(ORIF).

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of orthopedic surgery, CMH, Bogura from June 2017 to December 2018. The inclusion criteria was Gartland type I,II,III fracture who attended in emergency and casualty, between 2 to 13 years of age. Total 40 patients with the mean age 7.5 years were included in the study group.

Results: All were closed fractures, 2flexion and 38 extension type. Two (5%) Gartland type I, 24(60%) and 14(35%) had type II and III fracture respectively. 2(5%) were treated by cast immobilization,8(20%)of type llby closed reduction & splinting, 22(55%) and 8(20%) of type ll&lll by crossed k-wire or by ORIF respectively. According to Flynn’s criteria our study shows 33(82.5%) excellent, 4(10%) good, 2(5%) fair and 1(2.5%) poor outcome.4(10%) had ulnar nerve neuropraxia, 1(2.5%) elbow stiffness,1(2.5%) cubitusvarus, 2(5%) experienced superficial pin tract infection.

Conclusion: Management of supracondylar fracture should be decided according to patient’s age, fracture pattern and deformity status. Closed reduction and stabilization by percutaneous wiring provides an effective and safe treatment, when failed, open fractures or associated neurovascular complications ORIF should be preferred.

JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 171-174
Association of Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Diseases and Socio-demographic Characteristics of Civil Employees of Combined Military Hospital Dhaka
Authors: Rahman Md Saydur , Ahmmed FM Shamim , Zafreen Farzana
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Risk factors are the most ruinous and mischievous ingredient to develop coronary heart diseases (CHD). Factors contributing to develop CHD and their associates are, therefore, of prime importance. It needs endless splurge to address the issue.

Objectives: To identify the attributing risk factors and socio-demographic characteristics of coronary heart disease among civilian employees of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka.

Materials and Methods:  This observational study was conducted on 287 civil employees of CMH, Dhaka from September to December 2011. Data were collected by interview using questionnaire and check list which includes blood pressure measurement, anthropometric measurement and biochemical examinations.

Results: Respondent’s age range was 23 to 59 years, educational level up to class VIII were 56.4 % and more than that were 36.6%, illiterate were 7%. Regarding income low, medium and high income group were 40.4%, 56.8% and 2.8% respectively. It was found that 68.6% had normal BP, 61.3% practices moderate exercise. Among the respondents 72.2% has got 1-5 risk factors of CHD. Risk factors (p <0.001) were significantly associated with age.

Conclusion: This study finding is suggestive of association between risk factors of CHD and socio-demographic characteristics among the study population.  Care through motivation, avoidance of risk behaviour, addressing clinical conditions can resist risk factors of CHD thus coronary heart disease can be prevented.

JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 175-177
Prevalence of Common Diseases among Internally Displaced Persons in a Selected Region of Central African Republic
Authors: Rasul Md Maqsudur , Chowdhury Amina Hasnat , Romel Md Sazzad Hosen , Sadat Fahad Mohammad , Hoque Bonny Sadar
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Central African Republic (CAR) is one of the most war-affected countries in the world. The number of forcibly displaced people has grown significantly along with the emergence of many infectious and non-infectious diseases in this region. Very little information is available regarding the health of internally displaced persons (IDPs) of this country.

Objectives: To find out the prevalence of common diseases among IDPs of a selected region of CAR.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a United Nations level-II hospital, run by Bangladesh medical contingent from November 2017 to October 2018. Patients of both sex irrespective of age who attended at least once to the medical outpatient department of the hospital included in the study.

Results: Out of 1561 respondents 57% were female with a female to male ratio1.3:1. Among the health problems identified, communicable diseases were 65.59% and non-communicable diseases 34.40%. Malaria (21.19%), diarrhoeal disease (17.86%) respiratory tract infection (15.52%) and HIV/AIDS (9.96%) were the most common communicable diseases. Non-communicable diseases mainly affected the adult population where the prevalent diseases were hypertension 18.99% followed by diabetes mellitus 15.08%, severe malnutrition 11.91% and mental and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 08.93%.

Conclusion: Limited provisions on healthcare facilities imposes a huge health risk for the IDPs especially, easily preventable communicable diseases. An integrated effort from local and international bodies is required for the restoration of the basic health services to continued provision of medicines, medical appliance and provide community health education and thereby, improve the overall health status of this region.

JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 181-185
Nutritional Status of Under Five Years Children in Rangpur Cantonment
Authors: Hossain AKM Alamgir , Ali ASM Zulfiquer , Nazrina Sayeda , Hossain Nusrat
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Nutrition is an important factor because of its role in preventing disease and infant survival and growth. Malnutrition and diseases are interlinked with each other and a great problem in all countries of the developing world.

Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of the under five year's children in Rangpur Cantonment.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Children Welfare Centre (CWC) of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Rangpur from July to August 2018. A total of 50 under five years children were selected and a structured questionnaire was used keeping the focus on socioeconomic status, dietary habits, hygiene practices, and anthropometric indices of the children.

Results: Out of 50 children, 60% were male and 40% were female. About 26% of children were in the 36 to 48 months of age group. About 50% were in the height group of >100 cm, 34.0% were in the height group of 91-100 cm, 16% were in the height group up to 90 cm, 48.0% were in the weight group of 12.1-16 kg, 34.0% were in the weight group of 16 kg, 10%were in the weight group of 10.1-12 kg and 8%were in the weight group below 10 kg.

Conclusion: In this study, 20% of cases were stunted and 80% of cases were not stunted and no wasted case was found and the overall prevalence of malnutrition in the Rangpur cantonment was low. A further in-depth study is recommended to draw conclusive inferences.

JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 168-170
Evaluation of Myelosupression during Imatinib Mesylate Therapy in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Khan Lutfunnahar , Salsabil Masuma Ahmed , Ferdous Jannatul , Haque Md Rezwonul
Published: June 2021

Introduction:Chronic Myloid Leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that originates in an abnormal pluripotent stem cell. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the drug of choice for CML in the present time. During therapy, a few patients develop myelosuppression and present with cytopenias.

Objectives: To evaluate myelosupression during therapy with Imatinib mesylate in patients with Chronic myloid leukaemia in chronic phase.

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional observational study was carried out at department of Haematology, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka and Haematology OPD, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from October 2011 to September 2012. A total of 30 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Data were collected in a structured proforma, analyzed with SPSS and expressed in mean, frequency and percentage.

Results: Patients mean age was 38.96±9.37 years ranging from 23 to 56 years. Among 30 study subjects, male and female patients were 22(73%) and 08(27%) respectively. Most of the patients presented with generalized weakness (83.3%), weight loss (53.3%), fever (26.7%), pain abdomen (36.6%) and fullness of abdomen (33.3%). Twenty (66.67%) cases develop anaemia, 02(10%) cases leucopenia, 07(23.33%) cases thrombocytopenia and 11(36.6%) patients develop different combination of bicytopenia and 2% patients developed pancytopenia after being treated with Imatinib.

Conclusion:   Various degrees of myelosupression with cytopenias may occur in few patients of CML on Imatinib therapy. Regular hematologic follow-up is required so that the drug may be stopped or dose modified as per the individual’s needs.

JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 189-192
Stress Fracture Tibia among Military Recruits Management by Patellar Tendon Bearing Cast
Authors: Khan Mohammad Shahnewaz Hossain , Karim Rezaul , Eqbal SM , Masum Abdullah , Kowser ASM
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Lower limb overuse injuries are common features of military training. Female recruits have significantly higher incidence of fracture than male recruits. In addition to the cost and time of rehabilitation, injury leads to disillusionment among recruits. Conventionally stress fracture tibia is treated with long leg posterior cast for 6-8 weeks but little is known about the length of time required for rehabilitation and to return to pre-injury level.

Objectives: To see the outcome of management of stress fracture tibia among military recruits treated with Patellar Tendon Bearing (PTB) cast for 8 weeks and to find out the rehabilitation time to return to pre-injury level.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh, from January 2015 to December 2016. Out of 2600 recruits 74 (male 60 females 14) were diagnosed as case of stress fracture tibia during the period. They were treated by PTB cast for 08 weeks and their treatment and rehabilitation to pre-injury level (follow-up) were recorded prospectively.

Results: Total 85 patients were clinically suspected to have stress fracture tibia, out of them 74(87.06%) patients were finally diagnosed as case of stress fracture. Of these 74 patients 44(59.46%) were diagnosed by initial x-ray and 30(40.54%) were diagnosed by MRI scan. Prevalence of stress fracture in male was 2.45% and in female recruits 9.33%, overall prevalence was 2.85%.About 56(75.67%) patients developed stress fracture in 0-8 weeks of training, mean rehabilitation time to return to pre-injury level was 15.51 weeks, there was no recurrence of stress fracture and all the patients completed 12 months training, none of them was relegated or withdrawn from training on medical ground.

Conclusion:Patellar tendon bearing cast is an effective, technically simple method for treating stress fracture of tibia in military recruits with excellent outcome. This method not only treats the fracture but also prevents depressive disorders.

JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 196-199