bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESIGNING OF CRIME JUSTICE POLICY IN INDIA USING HEURISTIC FOR RELIEF, RECOVERY AND REFORM ‘RS-3’
Authors: Gulpham Shahanshah , shree Divya
Published: March 2022

The local authority in the states of India plays a vital role for the implementation of policy, schemesand welfare programmes in the society. Due to the various reasons such as geographical differences, weather conditions, urban-rural population, linguistic and cultural various and more importantantly unwillingness of politicalsystem, India is lacking behind this and subsequently society suffer at large and not get much benefit due to the improper implemented policy. Criminal justice policy is comes under institutional policy plan for direct and indirect benefit to the society as well as to the government. In this research policy paper, it has been highlighted for the heuristic criminal justice policy implementation on ‘Rs.3’ models set out by Franklin Roosevelt for the American Society in 1933 for creating roadmap for new Indian Criminal Justice System.
Düzenli Olarak Uygulanan Cimnastik Antrenmanlarının Anti-İnflamatuar Etkisi
Authors: KARAMAN Muhammed Emre
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 12 hafta süreyle düzenli olarak uygulanan, temel cimnastik hareketlerini içeren cimnastik antrenmanının pro-inflamatuar bir sitokin olan IL-10, ile karaciğer ve kas metabolizması belirteçlerinden olan AST, ALT ve CK-MB düzeylerindeki değişiklikleri araştırmak ve temel cimnastik hareketlerinin muhtemel anti-inflamatuar etkilerini anlamaya çalışmaktır. Tek gruplu ön test-son test deneysel desenli çalışma grubunda aktif sporcu olmayan 18-21 yaş aralığında toplam 7 erkek birey yer almaktadır. Çalışma grubuna hafta da iki gün on iki hafta boyunca devam eden temel cimnastik hareketlerini içeren cimnastik antrenmanları uygulandı. Araştırma parametrelerini oluşturan IL-10, AST, ALT ve CK-MB düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için, antrenmanların başlangıcından 24 saat önce ve antrenmanların bitiminden 24 saat sonra kan örnekleri alındı. Alınan kan örneklerinden elde edilen serum örneklerinde IL-10 düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi ile ölçüldü. AST, ALT ve CK-MB düzeyleri otoanalizörde enzimatik kitler kullanılarak belirlendi. Çalışma grubunun AST, ALT ve CK-MB düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşüler görülürken, IL-10 düzeylerinde ise yine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir yükselme olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, düzenli olarak uygulanan temel cimnastik antrenmanlarının anti-inflamatuar sitokinlerden olan IL-10 düzeylerinde artış ve karaciğer, kas metabolizması belirteçlerinde iyileşmeler sağlayarak, anti-inflamatuar etkiler gösterdiği söylenebilir.
Evidence that the Hot Jupiter WASP-77 A b Formed Beyond Its Parent Protoplanetary Disk’s H2O Ice Line
Authors: Reggiani Henrique , Schlaufman Kevin C. , Healy Brian F. , Lothringer Joshua D. , Sing David K.
Published: March 2022

Idealized protoplanetary disk and giant planet formation models have been interpreted to suggest that a giant planet’s atmospheric abundances can be used to infer its formation location in its parent protoplanetary disk. It has recently been reported that the hot Jupiter WASP-77 A b has subsolar atmospheric carbon and oxygen abundances with a solar C/O abundance ratio. Assuming solar carbon and oxygen abundances for its host star WASP-77 A, WASP-77 A b’s atmospheric carbon and oxygen abundances possibly indicate that it accreted its envelope interior to its parent protoplanetary disk’s H2O ice line from carbon-depleted gas with little subsequent planetesimal accretion or core erosion. We show that the photospheric abundances of carbon and oxygen in WASP-77 A are supersolar with a subsolar C/O abundance ratio, implying that WASP-77 A b’s atmosphere has significantly substellar carbon and oxygen abundances with a superstellar C/O ratio. Our result possibly indicates that WASP-77 A b’s envelope was accreted by the planet beyond its parent protoplanetary disk's H2O ice line. While numerous theoretical complications to these idealized models have now been identified, the possibility of nonsolar protoplanetary disk abundance ratios confound even the most sophisticated protoplanetary disk and giant planet formation models. We therefore argue that giant planet atmospheric abundance ratios can only be meaningfully interpreted relative to the possibly nonsolar mean compositions of their parent protoplanetary disks as recorded in the photospheric abundances of their dwarf host stars.
Revisiting the Full Sets of Orbital Parameters for the XO-3 System: No Evidence for Temporal Variation of the Spin–Orbit Angle
Authors: Worku Keduse , Wang Songhu , Burt Jennifer , Rice Malena , Wang Xian-Yu , Wang Yong-Hao , Vogt Steven S. , Butler R. Paul , Addison Brett , Holden Brad , Peng Xi-Yan , Wu Zhen-Yu , Zhou Xu , Liu Hui-Gen , Zhang Hui , Zhou Ji-Lin , Laughlin Gregory
Published: March 2022

We present 12 new transit light curves and 16 new out-of-transit radial-velocity measurements for the XO-3 system. By modeling our newly collected measurements together with archival photometric and Doppler velocimetric data, we confirmed the unusual configuration of the XO-3 system, which contains a massive planet (

M

P

=

11.92

−
0.63

+
0.59

M

J

) on a relatively eccentric (

e
=

0.2853

−
0.0026

+
0.0027

) and short-period (3.19152 ± 0.00145 day) orbit around a massive star (

M

*

=

1.219

−
0.095

+
0.090

M

⊙

). Furthermore, we find no strong evidence for a temporal change of either

V
sin

i

*

(and by extension, the stellar spin vector of XO-3), or the transit profile (and thus orbital angular momentum vector of XO-3b). We conclude that the discrepancy in previous Rossiter–McLaughlin measurements (70.0° ± 15.0°; Hébrard et al. 2008; 37.3° ± 3.7°; Winn et al. 2009; 37.3° ± 3.0°; Hirano et al. 2011) may have stemmed from systematic noise sources.
Low-J CO Line Ratios from Single-dish CO Mapping Surveys and PHANGS-ALMA
Authors: Leroy Adam K. , Rosolowsky Erik , Usero Antonio , Sandstrom Karin , Schinnerer Eva , Schruba Andreas , Bolatto Alberto D. , Sun 孙 Jiayi 嘉懿 , Barnes Ashley. T. , Belfiore Francesco , Bigiel Frank , den Brok Jakob S. , Cao Yixian , Chiang 江 I-Da 宜達 , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel A. , Eibensteiner Cosima , Faesi Christopher M. , Glover Simon C. O. , Hughes Annie , Jiménez Donaire María J. , Klessen Ralf S. , Koch Eric W. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Liu Daizhong , Meidt Sharon E. , Pan Hsi-An , Pety Jérôme , Puschnig Johannes , Querejeta Miguel , Saito Toshiki , Sardone Amy , Watkins Elizabeth J. , Weiss Axel , Williams Thomas G.
Published: March 2022

We measure the low-J CO line ratios R
21 ≡ CO (2–1)/CO (1–0), R
32 ≡ CO (3–2)/CO (2–1), and R
31 ≡CO (3–2)/CO (1–0) using whole-disk CO maps of nearby galaxies. We draw CO (2–1) from PHANGS-ALMA, HERACLES, and follow-up IRAM surveys; CO (1–0) from COMING and the Nobeyama CO Atlas of Nearby Spiral Galaxies; and CO (3–2) from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Nearby Galaxy Legacy Survey and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment Large APEX Sub-Millimetre Array mapping. All together, this yields 76, 47, and 29 maps of R
21, R
32, and R
31 at 20″ ∼ 1.3 kpc resolution, covering 43, 34, and 20 galaxies. Disk galaxies with high stellar mass,

log
(

M

⋆

/

M

⊙

)
=
10.25
–
11

, and star formation rate (SFR) = 1–5 M
⊙ yr−1, dominate the sample. We find galaxy-integrated mean values and a 16%–84% range of R
21 = 0.65 (0.50–0.83), R
32 = 0.50 (0.23–0.59), and R
31 = 0.31 (0.20–0.42). We identify weak trends relating galaxy-integrated line ratios to properties expected to correlate with excitation, including SFR/M
⋆ and SFR/L
CO. Within galaxies, we measure central enhancements with respect to the galaxy-averaged value of ∼

0.18

−
0.14

+
0.09

dex for R
21,

0.27

−
0.15

+
0.13

dex for R
31, and

0.08

−
0.09

+
0.11

dex for R
32. All three line ratios anticorrelate with galactocentric radius and positively correlate with the local SFR surface density and specific SFR, and we provide approximate fits to these relations. The observed ratios can be reasonably reproduced by models with low temperature, moderate opacity, and moderate densities, in good agreement with expectations for the cold interstellar medium. Because the line ratios are expected to anticorrelate with the CO (1–0)-to-H2 conversion factor,

α

CO

1
−
0

, these results have general implications for the interpretation of CO emission from galaxies.
Interstellar Scintillation of PSR J2048−1616
Authors: Chen J. L. , Wen Z. G. , Yuan J. P. , Wang Z. , Wang N. , Yan W. M. , Yuen R. , Wang H. G. , Wang J. P. , Zhao K. , Xiang B. B. , He D. L. , Duan X. F.
Published: March 2022

We report on the interstellar scintillation from pulsar J2048−1616 for the first time at 732, 1369, and 3100 MHz observed with the Parkes 64 m radio telescope. Dynamic spectra are obtained and diffractive parameters are derived from two-dimensional autocorrelation analyses. The frequency dependencies of the observed diffractive scintillation timescale and decorrelation bandwidth indicate that the electron density fluctuations in the interstellar medium (ISM) do not follow the Kolmogorov spectrum. The secondary spectra are calculated by forming the Fourier power spectra of the corresponding dynamic spectra. Prominent parabolic arcs are revealed in the secondary spectra at three frequencies, which indicate that they originated from scattering by a thin screen. The scattering screen is approximately located centrally between the pulsar and Earth assuming that the ISM is stationary.
Another Look at Erupting Minifilaments at the Base of Solar X-Ray Polar Coronal “Standard” and “Blowout” Jets
Authors: Sterling Alphonse C. , Moore Ronald L. , Panesar Navdeep K.
Published: March 2022

We examine 21 solar polar coronal jets that we identify in soft X-ray images obtained from the Hinode/X-ray telescope (XRT). We identify 11 of these as blowout jets and four as standard jets (with six uncertain), based on their X-ray-spire widths being respectively wide or narrow (compared to the jet’s base) in the XRT images. From corresponding extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory’s (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), essentially all (at least 20 of 21) of the jets are made by minifilament eruptions, consistent with other recent studies. Here, we examine the detailed nature of the erupting minifilaments (EMFs) in the jet bases. Wide-spire (“blowout”) jets often have ejective EMFs, but sometimes they instead have an EMF that is mostly confined to the jet’s base rather than ejected. We also demonstrate that narrow-spire (“standard”) jets can have either a confined EMF, or a partially confined EMF where some of the cool minifilament leaks into the jet’s spire. Regarding EMF visibility: we find that in some cases the minifilament is apparent in as few as one of the four EUV channels we examined, being essentially invisible in the other channels; thus, it is necessary to examine images from multiple EUV channels before concluding that a jet does not have an EMF at its base. The sizes of the EMFs, measured projected against the sky and early in their eruption, is 14″ ± 7″, which is within a factor of 2 of other measured sizes of coronal-jet EMFs.
Application of a Steady-state Accretion Disk Model to Spectrophotometry and High-resolution Spectra of Two Recent FU Ori Outbursts
Authors: Rodriguez Antonio C. , Hillenbrand Lynne A.
Published: March 2022

We apply a conventional accretion disk model to the FU Ori–type objects HBC 722 and Gaia 17bpi. Our base model is a steady-state, thin Keplerian disk featuring a modified Shakura–Sunyaev temperature profile, with each annulus radiating as an area-weighted spectrum given by a NextGen atmosphere at the appropriate temperature. We explore departures from the standard model by altering the temperature distribution in the innermost region of the disk to account for “boundary region”–like effects. We consider the overall spectral energy distribution as well as medium- and high-resolution spectra in evaluating best-fit models to the data. Parameter degeneracies are studied via a Markov Chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation technique. Allowing all parameters to vary, we find accretion rates for HBC 722 of

M

̇

=

10

−
4.90

M

⊙

yr

−
1

−
0.40

+
0.99

dex

and for Gaia 17bpi of

M

̇

=

10

−
6.70

M

⊙

yr

−
1

−
0.36

+
0.46

dex
;

the corresponding maximum disk temperatures are

7100

−
500

+
300

K and

7900

−
400

+
900

K, respectively. While the accretion rate of HBC 722 is on the same order as other FU Ori–type objects, Gaia 17bpi has a lower rate than previously reported as typical, commensurate with its lower luminosity. Alternate models that fix some disk or stellar parameters are also presented, with tighter confidence intervals on the remaining fitted parameters. In order to improve upon the somewhat large credible intervals for the

M

̇

values, and to make progress on boundary layer characterization, flux-calibrated ultraviolet spectroscopy is needed.
Recent Formation of a Spiral Disk Hosting Progenitor Globular Clusters at the Center of the Perseus Brightest Cluster Galaxy. II. Progenitor Globular Clusters
Authors: Lim Jeremy , Wong Emily , Ohyama Youichi , Yeung Michael C. H.
Published: March 2022

We address the nature and origin of super star clusters (SSCs) discovered by Holtzman et al. within a radius of ∼5 kpc from the center of NGC 1275, the giant elliptical galaxy at the center of the Perseus Cluster. We show that, in contrast with the much more numerous population of SSCs subsequently discovered up to ∼30 kpc from the center of this galaxy, the central SSC population have maximal masses an order of magnitude higher and a mass function with a shallower power-law slope. Furthermore, whereas the outer SSC population have ages spanning a few Myr to at least ∼1 Gyr, the central SSC population have ages strongly concentrated around ∼500 Myr with a 1σ dispersion of ∼100 Myr. These SSCs share a close spatial and temporal relationship with the “central spiral,” which also has a radius ∼5 kpc centered on NGC 1275 and a characteristic stellar age of ∼150 Myr. We argue that both the central SSC population and the central spiral formed from gas deposited by a residual cooling flow, with the SSCs forming first followed by the formation of the stellar body of the central spiral ∼300–400 Myr later. The ages of the central SSC population imply that they are able to withstand very strong tidal fields near the center of NGC 1275, making them genuine progenitor globular clusters. Evidently, a spiral disk hosting progenitor globular clusters has recently formed at the center of a giant elliptical galaxy.
A Model Earth-sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of α Centauri A/B
Authors: Wang Haiyang S. , Lineweaver Charles H. , Quanz Sascha P. , Mojzsis Stephen J. , Ireland Trevor R. , Sossi Paolo A. , Seidler Fabian , Morel Thierry
Published: March 2022

The bulk chemical composition and interior structure of rocky exoplanets are fundamentally important to understand their long-term evolution and potential habitability. Observations of the chemical compositions of solar system rocky bodies and of other planetary systems have increasingly shown a concordant picture that the chemical composition of rocky planets reflects that of their host stars for refractory elements, whereas this expression breaks down for volatiles. This behavior is explained by devolatilization during planetary formation and early evolution. Here we apply a devolatilization model calibrated with solar system bodies to the chemical composition of our nearest Sun-like stars—α Centauri A and B—to estimate the bulk composition of any habitable-zone rocky planet in this binary system (“α-Cen-Earth”). Through further modeling of likely planetary interiors and early atmospheres, we find that, compared to Earth, such a planet is expected to have (i) a reduced (primitive) mantle that is similarly dominated by silicates, albeit enriched in carbon-bearing species (graphite/diamond); (ii) a slightly larger iron core, with a core mass fraction of

38.4

−
5.1

+
4.7

wt% (see Earth’s 32.5 ± 0.3 wt%); (iii) an equivalent water-storage capacity; and (iv) a CO2–CH4–H2O-dominated early atmosphere that resembles that of Archean Earth. Further taking into account its ∼25% lower intrinsic radiogenic heating from long-lived radionuclides, an ancient α-Cen-Earth (∼1.5–2.5 Gyr older than Earth) is expected to have less efficient mantle convection and planetary resurfacing, with a potentially prolonged history of stagnant-lid regimes.
Statistical Analysis of Intermittency and its Association with Proton Heating in the Near-Sun Environment
Authors: Sioulas Nikos , Velli Marco , Chhiber Rohit , Vlahos Loukas , Matthaeus William H. , Bandyopadhyay Riddhi , Cuesta Manuel E. , Shi Chen , Bowen Trevor A. , Qudsi Ramiz A. , Stevens Michael L. , Bale Stuart D.
Published: March 2022

We use data from the first six encounters of the Parker Solar Probe and employ the partial variance of increments (PVI) method to study the statistical properties of coherent structures in the inner heliosphere with the aim of exploring physical connections between magnetic field intermittency and observable consequences such as plasma heating and turbulence dissipation. Our results support proton heating localized in the vicinity of, and strongly correlated with, magnetic structures characterized by PVI ≥ 1. We show that, on average, such events constitute ≈19% of the data set, though variations may occur depending on the plasma parameters. We show that the waiting time distribution (WT) of identified events is consistent across all six encounters following a power-law scaling at lower WTs. This result indicates that coherent structures are not evenly distributed in the solar wind but rather tend to be tightly correlated and form clusters. We observe that the strongest magnetic discontinuities, PVI ≥ 6, usually associated with reconnection exhausts, are sites where magnetic energy is locally dissipated in proton heating and are associated with the most abrupt changes in proton temperature. However, due to the scarcity of such events, their relative contribution to energy dissipation is minor. Taking clustering effects into consideration, we show that smaller scale, more frequent structures with PVI between 1 ≲ PVI ≲ 6 play a major role in magnetic energy dissipation. The number density of such events is strongly associated with the global solar wind temperature, with denser intervals being associated with higher T

p
.
The Dark Energy Survey Bright Arcs Survey: Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey 5000 Square Degree Footprint
Authors: O’Donnell J. H. , Wilkinson R. D. , Diehl H. T. , Aros-Bunster C. , Bechtol K. , Birrer S. , Buckley-Geer E. J. , Carnero Rosell A. , Carrasco Kind M. , da Costa L. N. , Gonzalez Lozano S. J. , Gruendl R. A. , Hilton M. , Lin H. , Lindgren K. A. , Martin J. , Pieres A. , Rykoff E. S. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Sheldon E. , Sifón C. , Tucker D. L. , Yanny B. , Abbott T. M. C. , Aguena M. , Allam S. , Andrade-Oliveira F. , Annis J. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Carretero J. , Costanzi M. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Dietrich J. P. , Eckert K. , Everett S. , Ferrero I. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gschwend J. , Gill M. S. S. , Gutierrez G. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Jeltema T. , Kuehn K. , Lahav O. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , Marshall J. L. , Melchior P. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Morgan R. , Nord B. , Ogando R. L. C. , Paz-Chinchón F. , Pereira M. E. S. , Plazas Malagón A. A. , Rodriguez-Monroy M. , Romer A. K. , Roodman A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Serrano S. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , To C. , Varga T. N. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: March 2022

We report the combined results of eight searches for strong gravitational lens systems in the full 5000 square degrees of Dark Energy Survey (DES) observations. The observations accumulated by the end of the third observing season fully covered the DES footprint in five filters (grizY), with an i-band limiting magnitude (at 10σ) of 23.44. In four searches, a list of potential candidates was identified using a color and magnitude selection from the object catalogs created from the first three observing seasons. Three other searches were conducted at the locations of previously identified galaxy clusters. Cutout images of potential candidates were then visually scanned using an object viewer. An additional set of candidates came from a data-quality check of a subset of the color–coadd tiles created from the full DES six-season data set. A short list of the most promising strong-lens candidates was then numerically ranked according to whether or not we judged them to be bona fide strong gravitational lens systems. These searches discovered a diverse set of 247 strong-lens candidate systems, of which 81 are identified for the first time. We provide the coordinates, magnitudes, and photometric properties of the lens and source objects, and an estimate of the Einstein radius for 81 new systems and 166 previously reported systems. This catalog will be of use for selecting interesting systems for detailed follow up, studies of galaxy cluster and group mass profiles, as well as a training/validation set for automated strong-lens searches.
Photometric Recalibration of the SDSS Stripe 82 to a Few Millimagnitude Precision with the Stellar Color Regression Method and Gaia EDR3
Authors: Huang Bowen , Yuan Haibo
Published: March 2022

By combining spectroscopic data from the LAMOST DR7, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR12, and corrected photometric data from the Gaia EDR3, we apply the stellar color regression (SCR) method to recalibrate the SDSS Stripe 82 standard stars catalog of Ivezić et al. With a total number of about 30,000 spectroscopically targeted stars, we have mapped out the relatively large and strongly correlated photometric zero-point errors present in the catalog, ∼2.5% in the u band and ∼1% in the griz bands. Our study also confirms some small but significant magnitude dependence errors in the z band for some charge-coupled devices. Various tests show that we have achieved an internal precision of about 5 mmag in the u band and about 2 mmag in the griz bands, which is about five times better than previous results. We also apply the method to the latest version of the catalog (v4.2), and find modest systematic calibration errors of up to ∼1% along the R.A. direction and smaller errors along the decl. direction. The results demonstrate the power of the SCR method when combining spectroscopic data and Gaia photometry in breaking the 1% precision barrier of ground-based photometric surveys. Our work paves the way for the recalibration of the whole SDSS photometric survey and has important implications for the calibration of future surveys. Future implementations and improvements of the SCR method under different situations are also discussed.
Association of Hair Zinc Level with Cognitive and Language Delays in Children Aged 9–24 Months Old
Authors: Paramita Ayu Diah Perdana , Adnyana I G. A. N. Sugitha , Subanada Ida Bagus , Suwarba I Gusti Ngurah Made , Gunawijaya Eka , Wati Dyah Kanya
Published: March 2022

Background: The delay in cognitive and language development can be caused by multifactor, including chronic deficiency of micronutrient, zinc. Level of zinc serum is influenced by food intake which can cause bias. There are inconsistencies in previous studies between zinc levels and the development caused by differences of sample or subjects. This study using hair as sample in analyzing the association between zinc level on cognitive and language delays in children aged 9-24 months old. AIM: To find out that low hair zinc level is associated with delayed of cognitive and language development in children 9-24 months old.   Method: This analytical observational study with case-control design. Case group consisted of 69 children with cognitive and language development delays, based on CAT/CLAMS scores < 85 subjects aged 9-24 months meanwhile the control group consist of 69 children with normal cognitive and language development. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between zinc levels and the incidence of cognitive and language delays. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression. Results: Univariate analysis showed no association between low zinc level and delayed of cognitive and language development in children aged 9-24 months (OR 1.263; 95% CI 0.64-2.46; p=0.495). Logistic regression was performed for other variables and screen time > 2 hours and lack of stimulation were risk factors for cognitive and language development delays (adjusted OR 2.78; 95% CI 1,284-6.058; p=0.010 and adjusted OR 3.96; 95% CI 1.833-8.581; p<0.001). Conclusion: There is no relationship between low hair zinc level and delays in cognitive  and  language  development  in  children  age 9-24  months,  but  there  is an association between screen time more than two hours per day and lack of stimulation with delays in cognitive and language development in children 9-24 months 24 months.
Association between 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, Insulin, and Incretins in Patients with Pre-diabetes and ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sheryazdanova Dinara , Laryushina Yelena , Vassilyeva Natalya , Serikbaeva Aygul , Alina Assel , Butyugina Maria , Tauesheva Zauresh
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes itself could be an independent predictor of such adverse cardiovascular events as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Since prediabetes is linked with hyperinsulinism it could also cause fluctuations of incretins concentration. Another significant fact related to prediabetes is glycemic variability. The impact of these factors on prediabetes and acute myocardial infarction is a promising phenomenon to study.
AIM: The study aims to estimate insulin, incretins, and glycemic variability in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism and acute myocardial infarction
METHODS: The 255 prediabetes patients participated in the observational case-control study. The first group included 85 patients hospitalized for STEMI. The second group included 170 patients without STEMI. Insulin and incretins were measured using a multiplex immunological assay with XMap technology on Bioplex 3D. The high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to evaluate 1,5-AG concentration. The binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between studying parameters and STEMI. 
RESULTS: The insulin secretion parameters showed higher insulin and C-peptide level in patients with STEMI. A similar trend was noted for the HOMA-IR index. Among incretin, we revealed a higher level of glucagon and reduced GLP-1 in patients with STEMI. The of 1,5-AG in STEMI patients was significantly lower than in non-STEMI patients. The logistic regression model shows that a lower plasma concentration of 1,5-AG increases the odds of STEMI in patients with prediabetes [OR 2.304 (95% CI 1.980–2.973), p = 0.018]. Reduced GLP-1 concentration also increased the odds of STEMI [OR 1.775 (95% CI 1.460-1.990), p = 0.001].
CONCLUSION: We discovered the association between 1,5-AG, GLP-1, and STEMI in patients with prediabetes. It is designating their potential role as cardiovascular risk markers in non-diabetic patients with impaired glucose metabolism.
A Resource Guide for Learning About Genetics
Authors: Maradiegue Ann
Published: March 2022

The Human Genome Project is one of the most significant, health-related advances of modern times. Genetic research has already provided significant interventions for patients diagnosed with cancer and those receiving prenatal care. It has also enhanced the pharmacological interventions available today. Genetic testing is widely available and is now being marketed directly to consumers. In light of these discoveries nursing leaders have been calling for genetics to be incorporated into nursing education and practice. Yet few nurses are adequately prepared to teach other nurses how to do this. This article discusses the history of genetics in nursing and the need to integrate genetic concepts and practices into the nursing curriculum. It provides nurse educators in academic settings and healthcare agencies with the resources they need to teach genetics and shares with practicing nurses what they can do on their own to learn more about genetics and genomics in their specialty area.
Why Emotions Matter: Age, Agitation, and Burnout Among Registered Nurses
Authors: Erickson Rebecca , Grove Wendy
Published: March 2022

Knowledge of the emotional demands facing today’s nurses is critical for explaining how work stressors translate into burnout and turnover. Following a brief discussion of how the experience of burnout relates to the nursing shortage, we examine the scope of nurses’ emotional experiences and demonstrate that these experiences may be particularly consequential for understanding the higher levels of burnout reported by younger nurses. Using survey data collected from 843 direct care hospital nurses, we show that, compared to their older counterparts, nurses under 30 years of age were more likely to experience feelings of agitation and less likely to engage in techniques to manage these feelings. Younger nurses also reported significantly higher rates of burnout and this was particularly true among those experiencing higher levels of agitation at work. We conclude by suggesting the need for increased awareness of the emotional demands facing today’s nursing workforce as well as the need for more experienced nurses to serve as emotional mentors to those just entering the profession.
Facilitating Acculturation of Foreign-Educated Nurses
Authors: Ea Emerson
Published: March 2022

The United States (US) is in the midst of a critical nursing shortage that is projected to worsen unless long term and sustainable solutions are instituted. The hiring of foreign-educated nurses (FENs) has been identified in the literature as one of the practical and realistic solutions to the current nursing shortage. Although small in number compared to U.S.-prepared nurses, FENs play an integral role in the delivery of health care services and contribute to the diversity of the U.S. health care workforce. The literature suggests that successful acculturation of FENs to host cultures leads to work and life satisfaction. Further, there is evidence in the literature suggesting that registered nurses, U.S. or foreign educated, who are satisfied with their jobs and personal lives stay longer in their current jobs and contribute to better patient outcomes. The primary purpose of this article is to discuss several recommendations and strategies that health care agencies and administrators can implement to facilitate a smooth transition of FENs in the U.S. health care system and mainstream society. These strategies and recommendations are derived from the reported experiences and challenges of FENs as they acculturate to host cultures. Further, to better understand how FENs became vital members of the nursing workforce in the US and other countries, a brief history of the hiring of FENs in the US and a brief discussion of the factors that encourage global migration of nurses will be explored. Recommendations for future research will also be discussed.
Manmade Disasters: A Historical Review of Terrorism and Implications for the Future
Authors: Cox Catherine
Published: March 2022

Recent terrorist events have brought combat trauma care (e.g., different spectrum of injuries occurring in austere environments, dealing with mass casualties, and inherent treatment delays) to the civilian community. Consideration of the historical perspective of these manmade disasters can teach valuable lessons in future response. The purpose of this article is to help readers “put it all together” by providing a brief history of terrorist events pre- and post- 2000 that have contributed to the current state of affairs, and an overview of tactics used by terrorists, such as suicide bombings and weapons of mass destruction. Suggestions are offered related to pre- and post- disaster planning, including the status of specific nursing competencies and evidence-based practices.
Beyond the Bedside: Nurses, a Critical Force in the Macroallocation of Resources
Authors: Falk Nancy , Chong Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Nurses bring a wealth of experience and expertise to resource allocation decision making in many different arenas in and outside of health care. This article, grounded in the utilitarianism theory of justice, will examine macroallocation and microallocation of scarce resources in health care, including participation of nurses in macroallocation and microallocation of these resources, and types of allocation challenges within health care. Macroallocation in specific branches of the United States government and integrating resource allocation content into the educational curriculum are also discussed. The authors make the case that nurses can most effectively meet patient needs by active engagement in decisions that involve macroallocation and microallocation of resources.
The Historical Development and Current Status of Nursing in Turkey
Authors: Dal Ümran , Kitiş Yeter
Published: March 2022

This article tells the story of the historical development and current status of nursing in Turkey. It presents a historical review of the development of modern Turkish nursing and describes the continuing development and current status of nursing education, nursing regulation, and nursing practice in Turkey. The article also explains how the voice of nursing in Turkey is heard through the professional associations.
Empowerment Theory in Action: The Wisdom of Collaborative Governance
Authors: Larkin Mary , Cierpial Chelby , Stack Joan , Morrison Victoria , Griffith Catherine
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how active participation on a Collaborative Governance committee can promote empowerment, along with enthusiasm and confidence, while implementing the committee’s mission. This article will begin by delineating the concepts of empowerment theory and describing our institution’s Collaborative Governance structure and the structure of the Nursing Research Committee. Then the mechanisms that have fostered empowerment among committee members will be discussed, and evidence of empowerment among committee members will be presented. This article is offered to encourage more nurses to seek the rewards inherent in committee participation, and to demonstrate the link between committee work, empowerment, and professional development experienced by members of the Nursing Research Committee at our institution.
Revisiting the American Nurses Association’s First Position on Education For Nurses: A Comparative Analysis of the First and Second Position Statements on the Education of Nurses
Authors: Donley Rosemary , Flaherty Mary
Published: March 2022

The mission of this article is to turn the clock back and compare the nursing education scene of the 1960s to contemporary educational practice. Specifically, the authors will re-examine their 2002 OJIN article, a discussion of the rationale and impact of the American Nurses’ Association’s 1965 statement on the education of nurses, in light of the recent statements of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN, 2003, 2004). As in the earlier article, the sentinel event examined is the enduring impact of the American Nurses Association’s First Position Paper on Education for Nursing (ANA, 1965). The authors conclude this article by asking: Will nursing’s most recent proclamations (AACN), which shift attention to advanced practice and raise the educational bar, affect the balance of power in healthcare?
Promoting Professional Development: Three Phases of Articulation in Nursing Education and Practice
Authors: Donley Rosemary , Flaherty Mary
Published: March 2022

In this article the authors present the evolution of career ladders in nursing education and practice and discuss their development, maturation, and institutionalization in three phases over a span of forty years. In phase one, academic career ladders were spiral staircases, complex, confusing, and poorly articulated entry and exit pathways. Phase two saw the maturation of career ladders across all levels of nursing education and practice. In phase three, academic and clinical career ladders, built upon theoretical perspectives, have enriched academic programs and clinical practice and increasingly are being integrated into the curriculum, clinical advancement programs, and the magnet hospital movement. The authors conclude by discussing continuing questions, such as the amount of clinical experience needed in an educational program and the amount of clinical practice needed before seeking an advanced degree. They highlight the need for more research and dialogue about the amount, type, and measurement of clinical work and argue that these studies are needed to better inform decisions about professional legislation, accreditation, certification, education, healthcare outcomes, and future-oriented career ladders.
Pathways to Progress in Nursing: Understanding Career Patterns in Japan, Taiwan and Thailand
Authors: Chiang-Hanisko Lenny , Ross Ratchneewan , Boonyanurak Puangrat , Ozawa Mieko , Chiang Ling-Chun
Published: March 2022

Nursing’s recent progress in fostering better health around the world has been impressive. This progress is due, at least in part, to the higher levels of education nurses are receiving today. However, the goal of developing a stable nursing workforce remains elusive worldwide, due to career progression challenges related to nurse recruitment, education, retention, and promotion. This article provides an overview of existing career pathways in nursing in three Asian countries: Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand. For each country, a brief presentation of the development of nursing is followed by a review of admission requirements for education programs, and a description of available career pathways, including the routes and types of licensure for general and advanced nursing practice. The article concludes with a discussion of issues and challenges common to all three countries, specifically the identity of the nursing profession, limited faculty resources, English language barriers, transitioning of nursing education, and the provision of culturally competent care.
Colonialisme vert et transition énergétique au Mexique : la face cachée de l’extractivisme et du renouvelable industriel
Authors: S. Contreras Josefa , Altamirano Norberto , Stop EDF Mexique
Published: March 2022

Au cours de l’été 2021, le collectif « Stop EDF Mexique » invitait des militant·es de l’isthme de Tehuantepec (Mexique) pour une tournée en France, afin de présenter leurs luttes contre les mégaprojets imposés par EDF sur leurs territoires. Ces rencontres visaient à rendre visible un colonialisme énergétique, inhérent aux processus de transition écologique lorsque ceux-ci s’inscrivent dans une logique productiviste. Le premier texte, proposé par le collectif Stop EDF Mexique, revient sur la rencontre entre les acteurs·trices de la lutte locale et les militant·es européen·nes. Dans les deux textes suivants, Josefa S. Contreras éclaire les formes de violence postcoloniale et les violations des droits humains qui sont perpétrées au nom de la transition énergétique, dans les communautés riveraines des projets portés par EDF. Enfin, Norberto Altamirano Zarate propose une réflexion sur la manière dont ces implantations industrielles fracturent les communautés concernées, en venant rompre les usages communaux qui pouvaient prévaloir jusqu’alors.
Militant·es climat, jeunes cheminots et vieux fourneaux de l’environnement : une convergence contre la casse du fret ferroviaire au Pays Basque
Authors: Etcheverry Txetx , Pachon Victor , Delion Julien , Fois Duclerc Mathilde , Desmet Pavel
Published: March 2022

En 2009, la suppression de 300 emplois dans le fret ferroviaire au Pays Basque provoque une convergence inédite entre cheminots, défenseur·ses de l’environnement et militant·es climat abertzale 1 . En parallèle au projet de ligne à grande vitesse (LGV) entre Bordeaux et l’Espagne, la SNCF liquide les terminaux de fret et promeut la construction d’une autoroute ferroviaire, qui utilise des trains spéciaux pour transporter des poids lourds sur de grandes distances. Face à ce grand projet imposé, écolos et cheminots défendent un autre modèle ferroviaire fondé sur le transport par wagons isolés, qui permet de constituer des trains complets à partir de wagons seuls en utilisant toute la capillarité du réseau ferroviaire pour réduire au maximum l’utilisation des camions. La SNCF a malgré tout maintenu sa politique de fret désastreuse. C’est au final une petite mobilisation, mais qui a suscité une grande convergence autour de la défense du train comme mode de transport de marchandises le plus écologique. Les barrières qui existaient entre cheminots et écolos ont laissé la place à des liens de solidarité qui se sont renforcés avec les années.
Victoria aux portes de Thèbes : trauma, énigme et jeu
Authors: de Freitas Pereira David , Dal Sylvain
Published: March 2022

Nous proposons le récit clinique de la rencontre d’un psychiatre en formation avec une patiente psychotraumatisée qui présente une attitude énigmatique. Nous abordons les obstacles qu’une telle attitude impose à la démarche diagnostique et thérapeutique. Il en découle une réflexion à propos d’une psychothérapie dont le moteur est l’énigme et qui dégage trois dimensions fondamentales de la relation entre la patiente et le clinicien : la proximité, la corecherche et le jeu. Ce travail met ainsi en lumière une attitude psychothérapeutique qui va à l’encontre de l’application d’un processus de soins établi à l’avance, pour s’ouvrir à des dimensions qui émergeront au cours de la rencontre 1 .
Quelles laïcités en salle d’audience ? À propos de quelques arrêts canadiens et européens sur le port de symboles religieux dans les prétoires
Authors: Delgrange Xavier , Koussens David
Published: March 2022

Cet article présente un regard croisé sur les modalités par lesquelles les juridictions canadienne et européenne (Cour européenne des droits de l’homme) esquissent les grandes lignes d’une jurisprudence hésitante sur la place à accorder aux symboles religieux portés par des usagers du système de la justice. L’article montre d’abord qu’au Canada, les juridictions soutiennent une vision libérale de la laïcité qui, tout en réaffirmant fortement la garantie de la liberté de conscience et de religion des citoyens, est plus mitigée quand il s’agit de la concilier en cas de conflit avec d’autres droits, notamment celui à un procès équitable des autres parties. L’article révèle ensuite que la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, par des arrêts où elle condamne pourtant des États pour une restriction excessive du port de signes religieux dans l’enceinte d’un tribunal, donne néanmoins à ceux-ci les clefs pour instituer pareilles interdictions de manière conforme à la Convention.
Ports de signes religieux, « discrimination croisée » et ingérence de l’État dans la liberté de manifester sa religion
Authors: Tigroudja Hélène
Published: March 2022

En 2018, le Comité des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies a rendu des constatations dans trois communications individuelles contre la France et la Turquie qui l’ont conduit, dans des contextes et pour des faits différents, à se prononcer sur la compatibilité entre l’interdiction de ports de signes religieux et la liberté de manifester sa religion au travail, à l’Université ou dans l’espace public (art. 18 du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques). Si sa position n’est guère surprenante au regard de son interprétation classique de la disposition, son approche « intersectionnelle »/« croisée » de la discrimination interdite à l’article 26 du Pacte l’est davantage. Les trois décisions sont en contradiction avec la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne, mais si cet élément n’est pas, en lui-même, critiquable, les failles dans le raisonnement et la motivation du Comité le sont plus, surtout eu égard à l’enjeu des questions soulevées.
Anthropologie de la violence
Authors: Leray Geoffroy
Published: March 2022

Plus une société développe des codes de communication et de gestion des rapports humains complets et partagés, plus elle inhiberait la violence. Néanmoins, les idéologies restent un catalyseur terriblement puissant pour la pratique de la violence et la faculté à la supporter. Enfin, la recherche d’armes de haute précision au détriment de la masse véhicule une image belli­queuse tout en rendant moins acceptable le recours à la violence. À l’inverse, le facteur masse, couplé à une technologie modérée contribue à réduire l’ima­ge belliqueuse d’un compétiteur tout en lui facilitant le recours à la violence. La sensibilité aux idéologies, la brutalité des relations sociales et les caracté­ristiques de l’effort militaire pourraient constituer trois grands axes permettant d’apprécier le potentiel de violence d’une société. Le Professeur Israël com­plète l’analyse en soulignant les distinctions entre violence traditionnelle et violence totalitaire, entre violence endogène et violence imposée de l’extérieur ainsi qu’en pointant le lien entre la surreprésentation des jeunes et la violence.
Le rôle des femmes dans le combat : arme secrète du chef militaire de demain ?
Authors: Joyeux Karine
Published: March 2022

Plusieurs exemples illustrent la possibilité d’engager des femmes au feu en misant spécifiquement sur certaines de leurs qualités « de genre ». L’exemple de la résistance durant la seconde guerre mondiale prouverait que l’engagement des femmes dans l’action violente se fait « en réaction », au vu de l’ampleur du péril et de la grandeur de la cause défendue. Prendre en compte « le déclencheur » qui actionne l’engagement féminin peut constituer un atout stratégique, en ouvrant opportunément le recrutement à un nouveau vivier comme ce fut le cas récemment en Ukraine ou au Kurdistan. Une fois engagées, les femmes renforceraient leur conviction première d’un réflexe de défi, source d’exemplarité et de dépassement de soi, qui en font la plupart du temps des combattantes reconnues de leurs pairs. La question se pose de savoir si les femmes au combat ne cultivent pas une prévenance naturelle vis-à-vis de leurs camarades qui en fait des médiateurs utiles au sein du groupe et des ailiers fiables, vigilants, souvent de bon conseil car abordant les questions tactiques avec un regard décalé.
Sur la notion de guerre totale
Authors: Ponticelli Nathanaël
Published: March 2022

La guerre totale est une notion liée au niveau de violence employé, mais recoupe également de nombreux autres concepts. N. Ponticelli explore cette notion à travers une série d’oppositions conceptuelles visant à en éclairer les caractéristiques : buts limités contre buts illimités, moyens limités contre moyens illimités, effacement de la distinction paix-guerre et de la distinction civils-militaires. Le professeur Widemann souligne pour sa part que, dans la pratique, la guerre reste limitée par de nombreux facteurs, maté­riels et immatériels. La guerre totale est ainsi un modèle théorique intéressant pour l’étude de la guerre, mais qui trouve ses limites quand on cherche à en faire un thème historique, interprétatif ou prospectif.
La maîtrise de la violence en question
Authors: Blachon Frédéric
Published: March 2022

« Gagner les cœurs et les esprits » : le mot d’ordre a été répété depuis des décennies dans la culture militaire occidentale et a conduit à l’illusion d’un usage ultra-minimaliste de la violence. Nos armées doivent bien sûr maîtriser le niveau de violence qu’elles déploient, mais notre hypersensi­bilité en la matière peut pousser l’ennemi à s’enhardir, et par conséquent mettre nos soldats en danger. Pour conjurer ce risque, les décideurs politiques et l’opinion publique devraient reconnaître aux militaires une plus grande liberté d’appréciation du niveau de violence à mette en œuvre dans chaque circonstance spécifique.