bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum biomarkers as prognostic markers for Alzheimer's disease in a clinical setting
Authors: De Meyer Steffi , Blujdea Elena R. , Schaeverbeke Jolien M. , Adamczuk Katarzyna , Vandenberghe Rik , Poesen Koen , Teunissen Charlotte E.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Blood‐based glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and phosphorylated tau (pTau) have shown promising prognostic potential in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their applicability in clinical settings where comorbidities are prevalent remains uncertain.

METHODS

Simoa assays quantified GFAP, NfL, and pTau181 in retrospectively retrieved prediagnostic serum samples from 102 AD patients and 21 non‐AD controls.

RESULTS

Higher serum GFAP levels predicted earlier clinical presentation and faster subsequent Mini‐Mental State Examination decline in AD patients. Serum NfL levels were increased in patients with arterial hypertension (AHT), kidney dysfunction, and a history of stroke and only demonstrated predictive value for time to clinical AD presentation after adjustment for these comorbidities. Serum pTau181 instability during long‐term storage at −20°C prevented its prognostic evaluation in retrospectively retrieved serum samples.

DISCUSSION

Serum GFAP is a robust prognostic marker for AD progression, whereas NfL is impacted by various comorbidities, which complicates the interpretation of its prognostic value.

Highlights

Serum GFAP levels predict time to clinical AD presentation.

Serum NfL levels are increased by hypertension, kidney disease, and stroke history.

Prognostic value of serum NfL in AD is only evident after comorbidity correction.

Serum levels of GFAP, but not NfL, increase over time within prediagnostic AD stages.
Clinical and neuropathological associations of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, p‐tau217 and neurofilament light in sporadic frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders
Authors: Rajbanshi Binita , Prufer Q C Araujo Igor , VandeVrede Lawren , Ljubenkov Peter A. , Staffaroni Adam M. , Heuer Hilary W. , Lario Lago Argentina , Ramos Eliana Marisa , Petrucelli Leonard , Gendron Tania , Dage Jeffrey L. , Seeley William W. , Grinberg Lea T. , Spina Salvatore , Bateman Randall J. , Rosen Howard J. , Boeve Bradley F. , Boxer Adam L. , Rojas Julio C. ,   for the ALLFTD Consortium
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Plasma amyloid beta42/amyloid beta40 (Aβ42/Aβ40) and phosphorylated tau217 (p‐tau217) identify individuals with primary Alzheimer's disease (AD). They may detect AD co‐pathology in the setting of other primary neurodegenerative diseases, but this has not been systematically studied.

METHODS

We compared the clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropathological associations of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 (mass spectrometry), p‐tau217 (electrochemiluminescence), and neurofilament light ([NfL], single molecule array [Simoa]), as markers of AD co‐pathology, in a sporadic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cohort (n = 620).

RESULTS

Aβ42/Aβ40 showed no clinicopathological associations. High p‐tau217 was present in amnestic dementia (AmD) presumed to be due to FTD, logopenic primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA), and APOEε4 carriers, and correlated with worse baseline and longitudinal clinical scores, lower hippocampal volumes, and more severe AD co‐pathology (Braak Stage). NfL was elevated in all FTD phenotypes, and correlated with clinical scores and frontotemporal brain volumes.

DISCUSSION

Plasma p‐tau217 has clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropathological correlates in sporadic FTD and may identify FTD cases with AD co‐pathology.

Highlights

Alzheimer's disease (AD) features could be identified with plasma phosphorylated tau217 (p‐tau217) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

Plasma p‐tau217 is a better discriminator of AD co‐pathology and AD‐associated features in FTLD than plasma amyloid beta42/amyloid beta40 (Aβ42/Aβ40) and neurofilament light (NfL).

In FTLD, plasma p‐tau217, but not Aβ42/Aβ40 or neurofilament light, has phenotypical, neurocognitive, and neuroimaging correlates suggestive of AD co‐pathology.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Terphenyl Diamido Complexes of Cobalt(I)
Authors: Kobayashi Suiho , Yamada Yuka , Hatanaka Tsubasa , Nakano Motohiro , Funahashi Yasuhiro
Published: January 2025

To obtain a novel type of low‐coordinate, low‐valent complexes of cobalt, we performed synthesis and reactions of cobalt complexes supported by TDAR ligands, which possess highly electron‐donating amide groups with a terphenyl framework. Synthesis of TDARCo(I) complexes 3 and 4 was successfully achieved by reducing Co(II) precursors 1 and 2 with potassium graphite. X‐ray crystallography revealed that the cobalt centers are located close to the central aromatic rings of the TDAR ligands, and the reduction of Co(II) to Co(I) strengthens this Co–arene interaction. Reaction of the cobalt(I) complexes with pyridine or DMAP provided N‐donor ligated complexes 5 and 6. Surprisingly, the Co–aromatic ring interactions in these complexes were found to be even stronger than those in 3 and 4. These interactions with the aromatic rings were investigated in detail using computational methods.
Combination of Two‐Stage Continuous Feeding and Optimized Synthetic Medium Increases Lipid Production in Lipomyces starkeyi
Authors: Wu Chih‐Chan , Okano Kenji , Religia Pijar , Soma Yuki , Takahashi Masatomo , Izumi Yoshihiro , Bamba Takeshi , Honda Kohsuke
Published: January 2025

The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is recognized for its remarkable lipid accumulation under nitrogen‐limited conditions. However, precise control of microbial lipid production in L. starkeyi remains challenging due to the complexity of nutrient media.

We developed a two‐stage fed‐batch fermentation process using a well‐defined synthetic medium in a 5‐L bioreactor. In the first stage, the specific growth rate was maintained at a designated level by maximizing the cell density through optimizing the feeding rate, molar carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and phosphate concentration in feeding media, achieving a high cell density of 213 ± 10 × 107 cells mL−1. In the second stage, we optimized the molar C/N ratio in the feeding medium for lipid production and achieved high biomass (130 ± 5 g L−1), lipid titer (88 ± 6 g L−1), and lipid content (67% ± 2% of dry cellular weight). Our approach yielded a high lipid titer, comparable to the highest reported value of 68 g L−1 achieved in a nutrient medium, by optimizing cultivation conditions with a synthetic medium in L. starkeyi. This highlights the importance of well‐established yet powerful bioprocess approaches for the precise control of microbial cultivation.
Impact of Diverse Parameters on CO2 Adsorption in CO2 Sequestration: Utilizing a Novel Triaxial Testing Apparatus
Authors: Ansari Ardehjani Emad , Ataei Mohammad , Sereshki Farhang , Mirzaghorbanali Ali , Aziz Naj
Published: January 2025

In order to minimize greenhouse gas emissions, it is essential from an environmental point of view to employ CO2 sequestration technology to store CO2 in underground coal layers. To study this strategy, a triaxial testing apparatus is required. This study introduces a novel triaxial testing apparatus developed to explore enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration techniques. Several laboratory tests were conducted to validate the apparatus and study the behavior of coal exposed to CO2 using this machine. In fact, the implementation of this machine marks the initial step in an empirical feasibility analysis of CO2 sequestration in Iranian coal seams. This analysis involves examining the impact of ash content, ambient temperature, and saturation direction on CO2 adsorption and emission in various coal samples. Two different thermal coal samples from Chamestan and Tash mines were utilized. Some results, such as the trend of the coal sample's strain, show good correlation with previous work. Additionally, some results presented in this work are novel. On the basis of the results, the developed apparatus demonstrated satisfactory performance, and its innovative design fully meets the desired outcome. Higher ash content increases coal strength and reduces deformation. Lower ash content leads to more gas adsorption and deformation post‐saturation. Gas adsorption is higher at 25°C than at 4°C. Moreover, coal samples at 25°C had 12.5 times more axial strain than those at 4°C. Lateral saturation causes 13.72% larger axial strain changes than top and end saturation due to increased gas‐sample contact and penetration into the coal matrix.
Comprehensive Study and Evaluation of Significant Landslides Applying Geospatial and InSAR Coherence Techniques in Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Saha Soumik , Bera Biswajit
Published: January 2025

Landslides are the common geo‐environmental hazard in Himalayan terrain. In the Indian Himalayan terrain, landslide‐related hazards have intensified in the past few decades as a result of human intervention in the geomorphological and geological equilibrium conditions. This paper investigates the occurrences and their associated factors (geomorphological, geological, human‐related factors) and presents a complete geomorphological mapping of four selected landslides, i.e., landslide near the Budhakedar region (landslide‐1/L1), landslide near the Saund region (landslide‐2/L2), Sirobagad landslide zone (landslide‐3/L3) and Rampur landslide near Sonprayag (landslide‐4/L4). These slides are mainly reactivated landslides, which become active during the monsoon period. Rock strength analysis (using rebound values from a standard N‐type Schmidt hammer) shows that the rebound value is around 30 in most of the cases, but in the case of landslide 2, the intact rocks have a rebound value near about 60–65. Landslides 1, 3 and 4 are rock‐cum‐debris slides dominated by gneiss‐schist, phyllite and quartzite types of rock, respectively, and landslide 2 is mainly a rock slide. The grain size test shows that the soil is poorly graded, which is composed of gravel and sand in every case. In the case of slide 2 (rockslide), the soil is classified as gravelly soil. The landslide activeness has been detected based on interferometric coherence change detection analysis using single look complex (SLC) sentinel 1A imageries (pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon). The coherence results enable us to detect surface deformation over time. The result based on the InSAR coherence technique also stipulated the surface deformation or reactivation of the slides after the effect of rainfall.
The Perceived Concerns of Nurse Educators' Use of GenAI in Nursing Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Gehring Denise R. , Titus Sharon K. , George Ragi
Published: January 2025

Background/Aims

Since the emergence of generative AI (GenAI) in fall 2022, its impact on higher education has been significant yet under‐researched, leading to mixed reactions among nurse educators, ranging from enthusiasm to skepticism. A preliminary search of seven databases found no scoping reviews specifically that addressed nurse educators' concerns about using GenAI. Therefore, this study aims to map the existing literature on nurse educators' concerns regarding the use of GenAI in nurse education.

Inclusion Criteria

Included are any types of sources (peer‐reviewed and nonpeer‐reviewed) in English and from any country and were authored by an academic nurse educator that reported on “academic nurse educators,” and “artificial intelligence” (such as GenAI, Generative AI, ChatGPT, large language models) in nursing education. Articles that did not report “nurse educator concerns,” or were focused on clinical practice were excluded.

Methods

This protocol (see PRISMA‐P in Appendix 1) establishes the study parameters for the planned scoping review, which will be conducted from April to July 2024. We will follow Joanna Briggs Institute, a comprehensive methodology, to ensure a rigorous approach. The final review will include relevant literature from eight academic databases published from Fall 2022 through April 2024. Data will be reported using the PRISMA‐ScR checklist and flow diagram (2020) along with other visual diagrams to add validity to our findings. An inductive analysis approach will be used to code the evolving data, identify recurring themes, and pinpoint potential gaps in the literature.

Results

The final scoping review will present the search results, the study inclusion process, and the data analysis.

Conclusion

Our planned review will potentially provide crucial insights into nurse educators' concerns on using GenAI, pinpointing gaps within the literature, and providing direction for future research.

Review Registration

This protocol was registered on May 8, 2024, on Open Science Framework (OSF). The registry number is OSF.IO/SZ8WR. This registration ensures the transparency and credibility of our research process, as it provides a public record of our study design and methods.
Novel Silk Fibroin Based Bilayer Scaffolds for Bioabsorbable Internal Biliary Stenting
Authors: Isella Benedetta , Hassan Nourhan , Drinic Aleksander , Eickhoff Roman M. , Kröger Nadja , Vaughan Ted J. , Kopp Alexander
Published: January 2025

Biliary duct reconstruction is one of the most challenging parts of liver transplantation and accounts for 40%–60% of complications. While current stent‐based devices on the market show promising results in reducing complications, they are manufactured from permanent synthetic materials and require a second reintervention for their removal. This exposes the patients to other potential complications and increases healthcare costs. This study develops a fabrication technique to produce a bioabsorbable biliary stent based on silk fibroin. The process used a dip‐coating procedure for silk fibroin that produced highly smooth monolayer tubular specimens without the use of any additional surfactants during removal. This process was combined with an electrospinning step to produce bilayer structures through the deposition of electrospun silk fibroin on the outer surface. The structures proved to have promising mechanical, morphological, and cytocompatibility properties for use in the field of biliary stenting. Furthermore, the technique investigated proved to be reproducible, achieving an important requirement for large‐scale use even in the presence of a biomaterial derived from a natural source. These results show the possibility of obtaining a completely bioabsorbable internal biliary stent that does not require any second reintervention. This study can be the starting point for further investigations both in vitro and in vivo to assess the suitability of silk fibroin biliary stents for clinical applications.
Simvastatin‐Loaded Chitosan Microspheres as a Biomaterial for Dentin Tissue Engineering
Authors: Bronze‐Uhle Erika Soares , Melo Camila Correa da Silva Braga de , da Silva Isabela Sanches Pompeo , Stuani Vitor de Toledo , Bueno Victor Hugo , Rinaldo Daniel , de Souza Costa Carlos Alberto , Lisboa Filho Paulo Noronha , Soares Diana Gabriela
Published: January 2025

In the present study, chitosan microspheres (MSCH) loaded with different concentrations of simvastatin (2%, 5%, and 10%) were synthesized as a biomaterial for dentin tissue engineering. The microspheres were prepared by emulsion crosslinking method, and simvastatin was incorporated during the process. The microspheres were then physicochemically and morphologically characterized. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the spherical morphology of synthesized microspheres and the chemical incorporation of simvastatin into MSCH, respectively. UV–visible absorption confirmed the controlled and continuous release pattern of the drug. To mimic the clinical application in vitro, the microspheres were applied onto three‐dimensional (3D) cultures of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Cell viability, proliferation, and in situ‐mineralized matrix deposition were evaluated. The results indicated no cytotoxic effects for all 3D cultures for all tested biomaterials, with cells being able to proliferate significantly over time. HDPCs showed a significant increase in the deposition of mineralization nodules when 3D cultures were in direct contact with chitosan microspheres in comparison to control; nevertheless, the highest expression was observed for MSCH encapsulated with 5% and 10% simvastatin, which was significantly higher than plain MSCH. Therefore, chitosan microsphere systems loaded with 5%–10% simvastatin provided the development of a controlled release system in bioactive dosages for dentin tissue engineering.
Rho GTPase Signaling: A Molecular Switchboard for Regulating the Actin Cytoskeleton in Axon Guidance
Authors: Gorla Madhavi , Guleria Digvijay Singh
Published: January 2025

Axon pathfinding is a highly dynamic process regulated by the interactions between cell‐surface guidance receptors and guidance cues present in the extracellular environment. During development, precise axon pathfinding is crucial for the formation of functional neural circuits. The spatiotemporal expression of axon guidance receptors helps the navigating axon make correct decisions in a complex environment comprising both attractive and repulsive guidance cues. Axon guidance receptors initiate distinct signaling cascades that eventually influence the cytoskeleton at the growing tip of an axon, called the growth cone. The actin cytoskeleton is the primary target of these guidance signals and plays a key role in growth cone motility, exploration, and behavior. Of the many regulatory molecules that modulate the actin cytoskeleton in response to distinct guidance signals, Rho GTPases play central roles. Rho GTPases are molecular switchboards; their ON (GTP‐bound) and OFF (GDP‐bound) switches are controlled by their interactions with proteins that regulate the exchange of GDP for GTP or with the proteins that promote GTP hydrolysis. Various upstream signals, including axon guidance signals, regulate the activity of these Rho GTPase switch regulators. As cycling molecular switches, Rho GTPases interact with and control the activities of downstream effectors, which directly influence actin reorganization in a context‐dependent manner. A deeper exploration of the spatiotemporal dynamics of Rho GTPase signaling and the molecular basis of their involvement in regulating growth cone actin cytoskeleton can unlock promising therapeutic strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders linked to dysregulated Rho GTPase signaling. This review not only provides a comprehensive overview of the field but also highlights recent discoveries that have considerably advanced our understanding of the complex regulatory roles of Rho GTPases in modulating actin cytoskeleton arrangement at the growth cone during axon guidance.
C‐Terminal Agrin Fragment as a Biomarker for Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Fatima Rida , Kim Yonghoon , Baek Suhyeon , Suram Reema Priyanka , An Sun‐Joung Leigh , Hong Yonggeun
Published: January 2025

Background

Sarcopenia is a gradual decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which eventually leads to reduced physical performance. 50% of people aged 60–80 years suffer from sarcopenia. Considering the devastating outcomes and the importance of promoting healthy ageing, the diagnosis and prevention of sarcopenia is of utmost importance. Recently, C‐terminal agrin fragment (CAF) has been identified as an indicator for early diagnosis of sarcopenia. So far, systematic reviews demonstrating CAF as a biomarker for sarcopenia have been conducted, but a meta‐analysis is still needed. This study contains systematic review as well as detailed meta‐analysis to better understand the association of CAF and sarcopenia.

Methods

Articles were primarily obtained from four different databases. Studies demonstrating the association between CAF and sarcopenia were selected. Data extraction and analysis were performed using STATASE 16 software. The risk of bias and quality assessment of each study was carried out using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool. Meta‐regression, subgroup and sensitivity analysis were conducted to identify the source of heterogeneity.

Results

Seventeen studies were included in the qualitative analysis, out of which 10 were included in the quantitative analysis. The meta‐analysis showed that CAF levels were significantly higher in sarcopenia patients, with an effect size of 1.93 (ROM = 1.93, 95% CI [1.49 to 2.36]; p = 0.00) and 1.38 (ROM = 1.38, 95% CI [0.94 to 1.83], p = 0.00) when compared with non‐sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic (other co‐morbidities) group, respectively. CAF levels were also negatively associated with hand grip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) with an effect size of 1.09 (ROM = 1.09 with 95% CI [1.05 to 1.13], p = 0.00) and 1.10 (ROM = 1.10 with 95% CI [1.05 to 1.14], p = 0.00), respectively. Meta‐regression and subgroup analysis revealed that although sarcopenia is associated with increasing age, the correlation between CAF and age was statistically insignificant (p = 0.44), suggesting that the variation of age among sarcopenia patients could be source of heterogeneity among studies. All the studies included in the meta‐analysis reported low risk of bias.

Conclusions

Our meta‐analysis concluded that elevated CAF levels were associated with sarcopenia and decreased HGS and SMI. CAF could serve as a valuable marker for the early detection and monitoring of sarcopenia, ultimately facilitating the management and treatment of this debilitating condition.
Unlocking the potential of biowaste: Sustainable strategies to produce valuable industrial products
Authors: Rasheed Faiza , Kayani Waqas Khan , Asghar Muhammad Usama , Farrukh Aftab , Gul Sanam , Khan Ibrahim , Nazli Naushaba
Published: January 2025

Global solid waste generation is expected to double by 2050 from the present annual level of 2.01 metric ton. Traditional biowaste treatment methods, such as landfilling and incineration, cannot meet the need to deal with gigantic amounts of waste and reduce environmental harm. This review critically evaluates existing sustainable waste management strategies highlighting their role in transitioning to a “reuse and recovery” paradigm. Sustainable waste management refers to conserving resources and protecting human health, society, and the environment. In this context, this review examines the current advancements and potential trends in using widely available biowaste in novel applications to produce key biofuels (such as biogas and biodiesel) and resources such as corrosion inhibitors, asbestos‐free brake pads, nutrient‐rich functional foods, bio‐cement, bio‐based fertilizer, and biodegradable plastic. Among these, biowaste‐to‐energy conversion (e.g., biogas production) and biodegradable plastic synthesis emerge as particularly impactful strategies due to their scalability and potential to address both waste reduction and resource recovery goals. The strategic utilization of biowaste resources into novel products holds significant promise in mitigating sustainability problems, offering renewable alternatives that are biodegradable and free of harmful additives.
An Efficient Catalyst‐Free Protocol for the Synthesis of Various CNContaining Heterocycles at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Huang Qiuyun , Xie Xinmei , Ren Huijun , Yang Liu , Fan Qiangwen , Zhu Haibo , Xie Zongbo , Le Zhanggao
Published: January 2025

Herein, we reported an efficient synthetic protocol to access various N‐containing heterocycles at ambient temperature without using any catalysts and additives. The protocol showed good tolerance to dozens of substrates affording quinoxalines, thiazoles, and imidazoles with isolated yields of up to 94%, wherein 26 examples were synthesized in total. Moreover, this method was also readily applicable to gram‐scale synthesis. Finally, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed according to the experimental results.
An Evaluation of Generic and Disease‐Specific Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures to Assess the Impact of Percentage of Scalp Hair Loss on Health‐Related Quality of Life in a European Population
Authors: Hanson K. A. , Marwaha S. , Kurosky S. K. , Harries M. , Anderson P. , Piercy J. , Basey V. , Austin J. , Law E. H.
Published: January 2025

Background

Hair loss due to alopecia areata (AA) can negatively impact patients’ health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) like the EQ‐5D‐5L and the Alopecia Areata Patient Priority Outcomes (AAPPO) represent treatment outcomes and can guide decision‐making. However, the EQ‐5D‐5L potentially underestimates AA‐specific impacts, while the AAPPO may provide a more disease‐specific assessment.

Objectives

This study uses the EQ‐5D‐5L and the AAPPO emotional symptom (ES) and activity limitations (AL) subscales to characterise HRQoL among patients with AA.

Methods

This analysis uses secondary data from the Adelphi Alopecia Areata Disease Specific Programme (AA‐DSP), a survey of dermatologists and patients with AA in five European countries. Included patients completed a survey containing the EQ‐5D‐5L and AAPPO. Descriptive summary statistics were reported for AAPPO ES/AL subscales and EQ‐5D‐5L scores, overall and stratified by physician‐reported percentage of scalp hair loss (%SHL). Cramer's V effect sizes were calculated across each of the AAPPO ES/AL and EQ‐5D anxiety/depression and usual activities items to examine the relationship between varying degrees of SHL and the PROMs.

Results

Four hundred thirty‐five patients with AA completed the AAPPO and EQ‐5D‐5L. The mean (SD) overall EQ‐5D‐5L index and EQ‐VAS score was 0.85 (0.15) and 74.07 (17.86), respectively. The mean (SD) overall AAPPO ES and AL subscale scores were 1.70 (1.03) and 0.88 (0.93), respectively. For the AAPPO ES and AL items, effect sizes were largest between the extreme values of SHL (0%–10% vs. 100%), while the effect sizes between intermediate SHL groups (e.g., 11%–20% and 21%–49%) tended to be smaller. The two EQ‐5D‐5L items demonstrated lower effect size values.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest the AAPPO suitably discriminates between clinically relevant groups of patients with AA. The EQ‐5D‐5L was not as effective in measuring the specific psychological or social dimensions by SHL, potentially underestimating disease burden among patients with AA.
Lack of validated patient‐reported outcome tools persists in paediatric and adolescent hip arthroscopy—A systematic review
Authors: Ade‐Conde Ayomide Michael , Amoyaw Brendan , Bourgeault‐Gagnon Yoan , Abdel Khalik Hassaan , Simunovic Nicole , Ayeni Olufemi R.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This systematic review aimed to (1) identify commonly used patient‐reported outcome (PRO) tools in paediatric hip arthroscopy and (2) assess whether the PROs used in this population have been formally validated.

Methods

Two systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL, from inception to 31 March 2024 and 22 August 2024, respectively, followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines. The first search identified PRO instruments used in studies on hip arthroscopy in patients aged 19 and under. The second focused on the clinimetric properties of these tools in paediatric hip arthroscopy. PRO utilization was stratified by pathology, trends over time and publication type. Use of the Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments tool, and a descriptive analysis, were planned to assess the eligible clinimetric studies.

Results

Fifty‐seven studies were included, identifying 10 hip‐specific and 5 nonspecific PROs. The second search did not identify any clinimetric studies on these tools used in paediatric patients. The most commonly reported hip‐specific PRO were the modified Hip Harris Score (n = 48), the Hip Outcome Score–Sport‐Specific Subscale (n = 25) and the Non‐Arthritic Hip Score (n = 20). Hip arthroscopy was used to treat over seven different conditions, with femoroacetabular impingement being the most common (n = 41, 77%). Between 2005 and 2024, the variety of hip‐specific PROs increased, with seven new ones introduced by 2019–2024. Additionally, this study found a relatively equal distribution of outcomes across presentation abstracts and manuscripts.

Conclusions

The key finding of this study is the ongoing lack of hip‐specific PRO tools in the paediatric hip arthroscopy literature, with reliance on adult‐derived instruments. The absence of clinimetric studies and heterogeneity in PRO use emphasises the need for standardized, paediatric‐specific tools. Developing and validating such instruments should be prioritized to ensure accurate, age‐appropriate outcome assessment and care.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Development of learning health system competency items related to health and healthcare equity and justice for rehabilitation researchers
Authors: Dunlap Pamela M. , Poploski Kathleen M. , Anderson Catherine A. , Annaswamy Thiru M. , Clark Melissa A. , Coyle Peter C. , Douglas Natalie F. , Flores Ann Marie , Freburger Janet K. , Hafner Brian J. , Harwood Kenneth J. , Hoffman Jeanne M. , Kinney Adam R. , Resnik Linda , Ressel Kristin , Whitten Margarite J. , McDonough Christine M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In 2021, the Learning Health Systems Rehabilitation Research Network (LeaRRn) developed and administered a needs assessment survey, based on the Agency on Healthcare Research and Quality's (AHRQ's) original seven domains of learning health systems (LHS) researcher core competencies, to identify knowledge and interest in LHS research competencies among rehabilitation researchers. In 2022, the AHRQ added a new health and healthcare equity and justice (HE) domain to the existing seven domains for LHS researcher core competencies.

Methods

LeaRRn utilized methods similar to those employed in the development of their original needs assessment survey to generate and refine competency items for the HE domain. In this report, we describe the methods used to develop these HE competency items.

Results & Conclusions

Other training programs and LHS researchers may use the competency items developed for this needs assessment survey to identify training opportunities in the HE domain.
Incorporating zero‐plane displacement in roughness length estimation and exposure correction factor calculation
Authors: Fang Pingzhi , Yu Hui , Zhao Mingwei , Yu Wenbo
Published: January 2025

Exposure correction is necessary for removing the distortion effects induced by nonstandard local exposure in raw near‐ground wind speed datasets. The accurate calculation of the exposure correction factor () for wind speeds requires reliable input of the local aerodynamic roughness length (). In this study, we evaluate the performance of an formula suggested by the World Meteorological Organization and the estimation of based on gustiness model. The estimation of will be more reasonable if local zero‐plane displacement () is considered under rough terrain conditions. An empirical linear relationship is introduced, and the ratio is recommended for meteorological stations under rough terrain conditions in China coastline. The incorporation of into the formula suggested by the World Meteorological Organization is further performed. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the estimates and values are highly sensitive to factors such as mean wind duration, gust duration and anemometer height. Finally, we conducted case studies across 15 meteorological stations in China coastline, which revealed that our proposed method enhances the accuracy of both estimation and calculation in comparison to the existing models.
Discussion on the Optimal Controls Results for Fractional Systems With Atangana–Baleanu Derivative
Authors: Johnson M. , Vijayakumar V.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present the optimal controls for a system governed by Atangana–Baleanu fractional differential systems in Banach spaces. We verify the existence of the mild solutions through the concepts of fractional calculus, semigroup theory, and Leray–Schauder's fixed point theorem. Likewise, we discuss the existence of optimal controls for the corresponding fractional control system. Furthermore, an example is offered to define the theoretical result.
Approximation Properties of Truncated Nonlinear Mihesan Operators
Authors: Parmar Hardikkumar B. , Patel Prashantkumar G.
Published: January 2025

The Mihesan operator is the generalization of well‐known positive linear operators like Bernstein operators, Szász–Mirakjan operators, Baskakov operators, and Lupaş operators. In order to expand the theory of positive operators beyond the linear example, nonlinear positive operators are essential. We have introduced the nonlinear Mihesan operators and find the approximation properties of Truncated Mihesan operators with all steps in this note.
Atomic Adsorption Energies Prediction on Bimetallic Transition Metal Surfaces Using an Interpretable Machine Learning‐Accelerated Density Functional Theory Approach
Authors: Tomacruz Jan Goran T. , Castro Michael T. , Remolona Miguel Francisco M. , Padama Allan Abraham B. , Ocon Joey D.
Published: January 2025

In this study, we identified features with the largest contributions and property trends in predicting the adsorption energies of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen adsorbates on transition metal (TM) surfaces by performing Density Functional Theory (DFT)‐based calculations and Machine Learning (ML) regression models. From 26 monometallic and 400 bimetallic fcc(111) TM surfaces obtained from Catalysis‐hub.org, three datasets consisting of fourteen elemental, electronic, and structural properties were generated using DFT calculations, site calculations, and online databases. The number of features was reduced using feature selection and then finely‐tuned random forest regression (RFR), gaussian process regression (GPR), and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms were implemented for adsorption energy prediction. Finally, model‐agnostic interpretation methods such as permutation feature importance (PFI) and shapely additive explanations (SHAP) provided rankings of feature contributions and directional trends. For all datasets, RFR and GPR demonstrated the highest prediction accuracies. In addition, interpretation methods demonstrated that the largest contributing features and directional trends in the regression models were consistent with structure‐property‐performance relationships of TMs like the d‐band model, the Friedel model, and higher‐fold adsorption sites. Overall, this interpretable ML–DFT approach can be applied to TMs and their derivatives for atomic adsorption energy prediction and model explainability.
Effect of Teachers' Emotional Intelligence on Emotional Blackmail at Work With Emotional Labor as the Mediating Variable and Burnout as the Moderating Variable
Authors: Chen Yin‐Che , Chu Hui‐Chuang , Chueh Chang‐Yu
Published: January 2025

The psychological well‐being of teachers is essential in education, as it directly impacts teaching effectiveness and student outcomes. Recently, emotional blackmail has emerged as a critical concern for both physical and mental health, yet empirical studies on this topic, particularly among teachers, remain limited. Teaching is a profession characterized by intensive emotional labor, which can increase vulnerability to burnout. Teachers with lower emotional intelligence may struggle to manage the pressures associated with emotional blackmail, leading to heightened stress and a potential decline in job satisfaction. This study examines the relationships among emotional intelligence, emotional labor, job burnout, and emotional blackmail among teachers in Taiwan. Analyzing responses from 1160 participants using hierarchical regression, the findings reveal a significant negative correlation between emotional intelligence and perceived emotional blackmail (β = −0.167, p < 0.001), partially mediated by emotional labor and moderated by burnout. These insights underscore the need for targeted emotional intelligence training and burnout mitigation strategies to foster healthier educational environments. Further investigation into situational and contextual factors influencing teachers' emotional health is recommended to strengthen the study's implications for educational practice.
Unusually High‐Density 2D Electron Gases in N‐Polar AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures with GaN/AlN Superlattice Back Barriers Grown on Sapphire Substrates
Authors: Matys Maciej , Yamada Atsushi , Ohki Toshihiro
Published: January 2025

Herein, the observation of extremely high‐density (>1014 cm−2) 2D electron gas (2DEG) in N‐polar AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on sapphire substrates is reported on. Due to introducing the GaN/AlN superlattice (SL) back barrier between the GaN buffer layer and AlGaN barrier layer, a giant enhancement of the 2DEG density is observed at the GaN/AlGaN interface from 3 × 1013 cm−2 (without SL) to 1.4 × 1014 cm−2 (with SL back barrier) that is only one order of magnitude below the intrinsic crystal limit of ≈1015 cm−2. Herein, it is found that the changes of 2DEG density with SL correlated well with the changes of the wafer warp parameter, which suggests that the strains are responsible for the 2DEG density enhancement (reduction of the piezoelectric polarization in the GaN channel). Nevertheless, this finding is probably insufficient to fully explain the observed high 2DEG density. Simultaneously, the room‐temperature electron mobility is 169 cm2 V−1s−1, which with the electron density of 1.4 × 1014 cm−2 gives a low sheet resistance of 264 Ω sq−1 (one of the lowest reported so far for the N‐polar 2DEG channel). Finally, the possibility of application of such high‐density 2DEG with low sheet resistance to transistors, emitters, and detectors is discussed.
Elder Black Women Science Teachers (Re)member: An Examination of Science Identity Formation for Curious Young Black Girls
Authors: Riley Alexis D.
Published: January 2025

To specifically add to the literature on Black girls cultivating their science genius, Black women science teachers ‘talk back’ by sharing and developing their own narratives about being a science‐curious young Black girl and how they use that experience to actualize their vision for liberatory science teaching. This international, qualitative study centers the (re)flections and pedagogical practices of five “elder” Black women science teachers who have surpassed and live within some of the confines of “science as white property.” Utilizing an Endarkened Feminist Epistemology, participants engage in the art of (re)membering by writing poems to their former young Black girl self as a result of (re)flecting on creating the educational structures they wish they had experienced. The findings and discussion indicate that access to science professionals at home or a once‐in‐a‐lifetime scholarship gave the participants the privilege to be curious. Despite these privileges these women had to persist through the culture of science that told them they didn't belong. Yet and still, they speak back with power and a determination to be seen and heard. This study provides implications for the curricular shifts and ideologies that honor Black girls in K‐8 formal science spaces by merging liberatory teaching frameworks in science teaching and learning. Implications are also provided for professional development for Black women science teachers and other historically excluded groups, giving them space to (re)flect and to unearth their truth through reflecting on their history and collaborating with peers.
Hydrophosphorylation of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluorobut‐2‐yne (HFB) with Diethyl Hydrogenphosphonate: Attractive Synthetic Route to Various Types of CF3‐Containing Phosphonates
Authors: Pavlenko Natalia V. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Stepanova Diana S. , Yagupolskii Yurii L. , Peng Sheng
Published: January 2025

The reaction of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluorobut‐2‐yne (1) (HFB) with diethyl hydrogenphosphonate (2) was investigated under various conditions by promotion with transition metal catalysts, under heating without catalysts and by tert‐amine catalysis. In all cases, double addition was the predominant reaction forming bis(phosphonic) acid esters 3, which were then converted to the corresponding acids 8 and salts 9. Compounds 3, 8, and 9 containing two chiral carbon atoms and three types of substituents exist as mixtures of diastereomers in the meso and dl forms, which can undergo epimerization. The mono adduct 4 was extremely unstable and capable of telomerization under rhodium complex catalysis or heating at 150 °C in catalyst free conditions. Isolated telomer 5 (n = 2) was characterized by X‐ray crystallography and NMR method. Dephosphorylation of phosphonate 5 by Me4NF occurred quantitatively to give, unexpectedly, internal salt of pyrrolidine 12 containing four trifluoromethyl substituents.
Novel Binary and Ternary Biocomposites (Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF‐67), Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanosheet, and Guar Gum (GG) Biopolymer): Synthesis and Adsorption of Malachite Green Cationic Dye
Authors: Moradi Alireza , Kalaee Mohammad Reza , Moradi Omid , Mohammad Mahmoodi Niyaz , Zaarei Davood
Published: January 2025

According to the research, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were synthesized with a guar gum (GG) biopolymer substrate to form two‐component hybrid biocomposites: GO/ZIF‐67 (GOZ), GG/ZIF‐67 (GZ), and three‐component hybrid with GO/GG/ZIF‐67 (GGZ) substrate polymer. These composites were used to adsorb malachite green (MG) cationic dye from an aqueous solution at room temperature. The chemical fractions, morphological and structural properties of the hybrid biocomposites were determined using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. The adsorption of MG dye was carried out on the two‐component and three‐component hybrid biocomposites with a polymer substrate under different experimental conditions. The high surface area of GZ, GOZ, and GGZ was 1362.89, 754.89, and 833.67 m2 g−1, respectively, and the total pore volume was 0.90 cm3 g−1 for GZ, and 0.51 cm3 g−1 for GOZ and GGZ, respectively. The removal of MG pollutant follows the pseudo‐second order model and the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism involves hydrogen bonding, π‐π stacking, and electrostatic interactions. The GOZ, GZ, and GGZ hybrid biocomposites showed the maximum removal efficiency at 66.6%, 74.4%, and 90.1%, respectively. The data show that the removal of MG after 3 cycles was 90%, 86%, and 82%.
Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Iron‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of 4‑Phosphorylated 4H‑Chromenes from 2‐Hydroxybenzyl Alcohols
Authors: Mukhtar Sayeed , Alahmdi Mohammed Issa , Parveen Humaira , Alsharif Meshari A , Waheed Mohd
Published: January 2025

A facile, mild, effective, and multicomponent protocol for the production of 4‑phosphorylated‐4H‑chromenes through an aldol condensation, Michael addition, and cyclization was established. The C─C, C─P, and C─O bonds were constructed during the reaction to produce the desired product from 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols. The synthesized compounds were characterized by standard techniques. The important features of this protocol are operational simplicity, moderate reaction conditions, the use of a low‐cost iron complex, and high atom economy.
Reactions of Dimethyl Ester of Acetylene Dicarboxylic Acid (DMAD) with Arenes Under the Superelectrophilic Activation Conditions
Authors: Konoplev Mikhail V. , Khoroshilova Olesya V. , Boyarskaya Irina A. , Spiridonova Darya V. , Vasilyev Aleksander V.
Published: January 2025

Protonation of DMAD MeO2C−C≡C−CO2Me in the Brønsted superacid CF3SO3H (triflic acid, TfOH) gives rise to stable O,O‐diprotonated species MeO(+HO═)C−C≡C−C(═OH+)OMe according to NMR data and DFT calculation. This cation reacts with arenes ArH at room temperature for 0.3‐1 h with a stereoselective formation of the corresponding trans‐dimethyl arylfumarates E‐MeO2C−C(Ar)═CH−CO2Me, as products of hydroarylation of the DMAD acetylene bond. Increasing the reaction time leads to further, deeper inter‐ and intramolecular transformations of dimethyl arylfumarates with arenes, resulting in various compounds, indenes, indenones, and indanones, that depend on the nucleiphilicity of arenes and reaction time. Plausible mechanisms of multistep cationic transformations of DMAD with arenes in TfOH are discussed.
Intrinsically Stretchable Motion Sensor Enabled by 3D Graphene Foam Integrated Hydrogel
Authors: Sheng Wei , Zhou Jianxin , Jia Yuxi , Li Wentao , Qiao Ruixi , Liu Zixi , Xu Wenjie , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2025

Stretchable hydrogel devices are highly desirable for their capacity to seamlessly integrate significant stretchability, high conductivity, and exceptional biocompatibility. Nonetheless, the substantial disparity in stiffness between soft hydrogels and commonly rigid electrode materials often leads to pronounced performance fluctuations or even complete failure of sensor circuits in practical applications. Here, the study introduces an intrinsically stretchable graphene‐hydrogel strain sensor (GHSS) fabricated by integrating a hydrogel and a 3D graphene foam with very closely matched elastic moduli. The GHSS demonstrates a strain detection limit of 0.02%, a rapid response time of 64 ms, and long‐term stability, enabling the detection of human joint movements, physiological signals, touch pad input, and exercise monitoring.
Research on the Seismic Performance of Concrete Compressed‐Flexural Members After Cumulative Damage From 100 Years of Design Usage
Authors: Liu Hui , Liu Ming , Yang Xintian , Wang Lin , Liu Jie
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the long‐term effects of cumulative damage on concrete members over a century, emphasizing its critical inclusion in design protocols. Employing both static and dynamic experimental approaches, the research first examines the fundamental mechanical properties of damaged concrete at the material level. Earthquake intensity data from Northeast China are then analyzed to establish the frequency of predominant intensities over a 100‐year timeframe. Subsequently, four frame columns are exposed to cumulative pseudodynamic seismic damage, followed by pseudostatic testing to assess their seismic resistance. The results demonstrate that repeated sub‐cracking‐stress damage increases concrete's uniaxial compressive strength while reducing its ultimate deformation capacity. For elements with a low axial load ratio, minor seismic damage minimally impacts ultimate deformation but enhances ultimate bearing capacity, with the steel reinforcement reaching yield at an earlier stage. In contrast, for elements with a high axial load ratio, minor seismic damage has negligible effects on both ultimate deformation and bearing capacity, though it still accelerates the onset of yield in the steel reinforcement.
Global Programs and Outcomes in Arterial Hypertension Management in Countries with Developing Economies
Authors: Smith Sidney C. , Taubert Kathryn A.
Published: January 2025

Hypertension (HTN) is a risk factor for stroke, heart attack, heart failure, kidney damage, and other health problems and a major cause of death worldwide. The global prevalence of HTN is estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be approximately 1.3 billion adults aged 30–79, 2/3 of whom are in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, about one in five adults have their HTN under control, whereas for adults in LMICs, only one person in ten has controlled HTN. This chapter discusses WHO and other organizational approaches to diagnosing and managing HTN, focusing on programs targeting LMICs. The WHO HEARTS program is a technical package to help health workers improve cardiovascular health in primary health care through HTN detection and management. HEARTS has been implemented in more than 30 countries with sections on how to correctly measure blood pressure, and how to diagnose and treat HTN. Treatment protocols are provided, and there is also information on the WHO Essential Medicines List and WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable (PEN) Disease Interventions for Primary Health Care. At the organizational level, there is information on HTN tools and initiatives from the World Heart Federation, Resolve to Save Lives, and other groups.