bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New insight of chemical constituents in Persea americana fruit against obesity: A data-driven study
Authors: Oh Ki-Kwang , Yoon Sang-Jun , Lee Su-Been , Lee Sang Yoon , Gupta Haripriya , Ganesan Raja , Sharma Satya Priya , Won Sung-Min , Jeong Jin-Ju , Kim Dong Joon , Suk Ki-Tae
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Persea americana fruit (PAF) is a favorable nutraceutical resource that comprises diverse unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are of significance in dietary supplementation, as they relieve metabolic disorders, including obesity (OB). Unquestionably, a plethora of natural plants contain fatty acids like those found in PAF. This study focused on the anti-OB efficacy of the non-fatty acids in PAF using a network pharmacology approach.
METHODS
The chemical constituents of PAF were retrieved from the NPASS database and literature sources. The OB-related targets obtained by DisGeNET and the overlapping targets from the SEA and STP databases were analyzed with a Venn diagram to discover the crucial targets in OB. The crucial targets were analyzed via PPI and PSTC networks, the constructed bubble chart and molecular docking studies. Finally, the toxicities of the key compounds were identified by ProTox-II.
RESULTS
A total of 41 chemical compounds in PAF were identified by NPASS and other reports. The 31 overlapping targets were selected from the 52 intersecting targets and OB-related targets (3028) and were considered to be key protein encoding genes in OB, with AKT1 being the most significant among them. On the bubble chart, the PPAR signaling pathway had the highest rich factor and its modulation was determined to be the key mechanism, suggesting that this pathway may have an agonistic function for the treatment of OB. Likewise, the PSTC network showed that AKT1 had the greatest degree value. The MDA results showed that AKT1-γ-tocopherol, PPARA-fucosterol, PPARD-stigmasterol, PPARG-fucosterol, NR1H3-campesterol, and ILK-α-tocopherol formed the most stable complexes. These five key compounds were nontoxic, and could be developed as new antagonists to alleviate OB.
CONCLUSION
In summary, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, fucosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol might be key players in the activation of the PPAR signaling pathway.
Both Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections affect quantities of circulating T- cells and combined they result in an aging-related T-cell phenotype at younger age
Authors: Hofstee Marloes Imke , Cevirgel Alper , de Zeeuw-Brouwer Mary-Lène , de Rond Lia , Klis Fiona van der , Buisman Anne-Marie
Published: March 2023

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to alter circulating effector memory CD45RA+ (TemRA) or CD45RA- (TemRO) T-cell numbers, but whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) does the same or this is amplified during a CMV and EBV co-infection is unclear.
Immune cell numbers in blood of children and young, middle-aged, and senior adults (n = 336) were determined with flow cytometry, and additional multivariate linear regression, intra-group correlation, and cluster analyses were performed. CMV alone caused more immune cell variance for all age groups, and CMV+ EBV- senior adults had more late-differentiated CD4+ and CD8+ TemRA and TemRO T-cells. EBV alone resulted in a more equal immune cell composition for children and young adults, and CMV- EBV+ senior adults had more intermediate/late-differentiated CD4+ TemRA and TemRO T-cells. CMV and EBV together gave young and middle-aged adults with an elevated BMI and anti-CMV antibody levels a similar immune cell composition as senior adults, and CMV+ EBV+ middle-aged adults had more late-differentiated CD8+ TemRA, TemRO, and HLA-DR+ CD38- T-cells than CMV+ EBV- controls.
This study identified CMV- or EBV-induced changes in T-cell numbers and that some young and middle-aged adults were more negatively impacted by a CMV and EBV co-infection giving them an aging-related T-cell phenotype.
Enhancing photoresponse of GaAs-based photodetector by plasmon grating structures
Authors: Ma Zhengzhou , Tang Ping , Xue Jiancai , Zhou Jinyun
Published: March 2023

Nanostructured mental-semiconductor-mental photodetectors (MSM-PDs) can assist in future high-speed communication devices for achieving high responsivity characteristics. However, such devices suffer from low responsivity due to low absorption, and the large band gap limits its detection range. Herein, we propose a GaAs-based photodetector with enhanced photoresponse by plasmonic Au-GaAs grating structure. The design of a grating structure on the surface of n-GaAs can excite a plasmon mode to enhance the photoelectric performance of photodetectors. Consequently, under 795 nm incident light irradiation, the grating hybrid detector exhibits a nearly 4.2-fold increase in photocurrent compared to the bare GaAs device. The enhanced absorption can be up to 99% and a specific responsivity of 240 mA/W is realized. These results can thus provide a potential scheme to fabricate high-performance GaAs detector for numerous applications.
The Role of Free Vitamin D and Vitamin D Binding Protein in SARS-Cov-2 Infection in Children
Authors: Us Mahmut Caner , Lanpir Aslı Devrim , Kurtuluş Şükran Özdatlı , Yağcı Mesut , Akarsu Özlem , Şahin Kamil , Akkoç Gülşen
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Many studies have discussed the effects of serum vitamin D deficiency in SARS-CoV-2 patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and free vitamin D (FVD) and bioavailable vitamin D (BAVD) levels in children.
Methods: A prospective case-control study design was used. Participants were divided into three groups based on the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Clinical Progression Scale. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH vitamin D; ng/mL), albumin (g/L), and vitamin D binding protein (ng/mL) levels were evaluated to investigate the relationship between disease severity and FVD and BAVD levels.
Results: In total, 82 participants were included in the study. Of those, 24.4 % were uninfected (n = 20), 50% had a mild case of SARSS-CoV-2 (n = 41), and 25.6% had a moderate case (n = 21). There was a statistically significant difference in FVD and BAVD levels between the groups (p = 0.026). Median FVD (p = 0.007, Cohen’s d = 0.84) and BAVD (p = 0.007, Cohen’s d = 0.86) levels were significantly higher in the mild group compared to the moderate group. FVD and BAVD metabolites were moderately positively correlated with lymphocyte counts (FVD: r = 0.437, p < 0.001; BAVD: r = 0.439, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 symptom severity and FVD and BAVD levels. The relationship between FVD and BAVD levels and lymphocyte counts could play an important role in symptom severity and should be evaluated in further studies.
The study was registered with Clinical Trials (NCT05598957, 10/06/2022).
Multi-scale simulations of the mechanical behaviors of the W-Cu joint interface with a diffusion layer
Authors: Chen Xin , Xie Yinan , Huang Yuan
Published: March 2023

At the interface of W-Cu after direct jointing, diffusion layers with a thickness of approximately 22 nm are present but often overlooked in simulations of mechanical properties. This study establish an interface model with a W-Cu diffusion layer using molecular dynamics (MD). The influence of the diffusion layer on the elastic-plastic behaviors, dissipation mechanisms and fracture properties of the interface is analyzed under mode-I (perpendicular to the interface) and mode-II (parallel to the interface). The results demonstrate that the interface model with a diffusion layer exhibits superior mechanical properties under mode-I and mode-II loading when compared to the model without a diffusion layer. Furthermore, a multi-scale method based on the classical Paris law is then proposed, which combines molecular dynamics (MD) and finite element methods to investigate the fatigue crack propagation of W-Cu bimetallic composites under cyclic loading and predict their fatigue life. The findings of this study are meaningful for improving the mechanical properties of W-Cu interface materials, predicting the material's lifespan, and guiding related engineering applications.
Fronto-striato-thalamic circuit connectivity and neuromelanin in schizophrenia: an fMRI and neuromelanin-MRI study
Authors: Kwon Jun Soo , Choi Sunah , Kim Minah , Kim Taekwan , Choi Eun-Jung , Lee Jungha , Moon Sun Young , Cho Sang Soo , Lee Jongho
Published: March 2023

Changes in dopamine and fronto-striato-thalamic (FST) circuit functional connectivity are prominent in schizophrenia. Dopamine is thought to underlie connectivity changes, but experimental evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. Previous studies examined the association in some of the connections using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional MRI (fMRI); however, PET has disadvantages in scanning patients, such as invasiveness. Excessive dopamine induces neuromelanin (NM) accumulation, and NM-MRI is suggested as a noninvasive proxy measure of dopamine function. We aimed to investigate the association between NM and FST circuit connectivity at the network level in patients with schizophrenia. We analysed substantia nigra NM-MRI and resting-state fMRI data from 29 schizophrenia patients and 63 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). We identified the FST subnetwork with abnormal connectivity found in schizophrenia patients compared to that of HCs and investigated the relationship between constituting connectivity and NM. We found higher levels of NM (t = -2.12, p = 0.037) and a hypoconnected FST subnetwork (FWER-corrected p = 0.014) in schizophrenia patients than in HCs. In the hypoconnected subnetwork of schizophrenia patients, lower left supplementary motor area-left caudate connectivity was associated with higher NM levels (β = -0.38, p = 0.042). We demonstrated the association between NM and FST circuit connectivity. Considering that the NM-MRI signal reflects dopamine activity, our results suggest that dopamine underlies changes in FST circuit connectivity, which supports the dopamine hypothesis. In addition, this study reveals implications for the future use of NM-MRI in investigations of the dopamine system.
The predicting model of grinding force and surface integrity analysis of Ti-4822 alloy formed by laser directed energy deposition
Authors: Xu Dingkun , Xin Bo , Wang Xiaoqi , Ren Jiangyu , Gong Yadong
Published: March 2023

Ti-4822 TiAl alloy is a typical intermetallic compound with great potential applications in aeronautics and astronautics, such as high-pressure compressors and low-pressure turbine blades of aero-engines. The laser directed energy deposition (DED) and grinding technologies are the effective methods for forming and finish machining the Ti-4822 parts with geometries. However, the DED Ti-4822 is a typical hard-brittle and difficult machining material with poor thermal conductivity and rough surface, leading to a poor grinding surface integrity. Therefore, in order to investigate the grinding performance of DED Ti-4822, a new prediction model of grinding force was proposed with combination of single grain grinding and dynamic active grains grinding simulation in this paper. The influence of grinding parameters and grinding wheels on grinding force, grinding force ratio, surface morphology of specimens, grinding wheels and debris, and microhardness of DED Ti-4822 and similar superalloys was analyzed by the single-factor and orthogonal experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that low feed speed, small grinding depth and high grinding speed are beneficial to reduce grinding force and surface roughness (0.19-0.51). Compared with CBN wheel, the diamond wheel is more appropriate for processing DED Ti-4822 because of smoother grinding surface with less defects and lower wheel wear. In terms of microhardness, significant surface hardening will be generated by grinding DED Ti-4822. The maximum hardness can reach 776.6 HV and the mean depth of grinding hardened layer is about 20μm.
Efficacy of Simultaneous Bilateral Surgery Using Oblique Overriding Position in the Treatment of Bilateral Kidney Stones
Authors: Yang Ranxing , Liu Meng , Chen Rong , Li Wang , Lin Yanduo , Guo Hui , Wang Ying , Fu Qiang
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral surgery in the oblique overriding position versus staging surgery in the treatment of bilateral renal calculi.
METHODS: A total of 46 patients with bilateral renal stones from May 2019 to January 2022 in our center were retrospectively analyzed, including 29 males and 17 females, with a mean age of 48±13.6 years, body mass index of 24.6±2.3 kg/m2, and uneven size of bilateral renal stones, with a mean diameter of 29.5±9.1 mm on the larger side of the kidney stones (PCNL) , and a mean diameter of 13.1±3.2 mm on the smaller side of the kidney stones ( The patients were divided into two groups for simultaneous and stepwise bilateral endoscopic surgery, and the operative time, anesthesia time, postoperative hemoglobin, blood creatinine, postoperative VAS pain score, Clavien complication rating, average hospital stay, and stone removal rate at one month after surgery were evaluated in both groups.
RESULTS: The simultaneous group outperformed in anesthesia time, operative time, VAS score, and mean number of days in hospital, and there were no statistical differences between the two groups in hemoglobin drop values, hematocrit elevation values, Clavien complication ratings, and stone clearance rate at one month postoperatively.
CONCLUSION: Both simultaneous surgery and staging surgery were safe and effective. Simultaneous surgery can effectively shorten the operation and anesthesia time, and reduce the postoperative pain and hospital days of patients while ensuring similar stone clearance rates.
Surgical Treatment Effect of Distal Humeral Shaft Fractures: A Prospective Cohort Study on Comparison of Lateral and Posterior Plating techniques
Authors: Zhang Jun , Guo Tao , Yao Xiaoke , Yao Qi
Published: March 2023

Objective: The purposes of this study were to prospectively compare the clinical outcomes of distal humeral shaft fractures treated by lateral plating technique and posterior plating technique.
Material and methods: From Jan 2017 to Aug 2019, fifty-one patients with distal humeral shaft fractures treated by lateral or posterior plating technique were collected. Patients were divided into two groups: the lateral plating group (group I, 28 patients) and the posterior plating group (group II, 23 patients). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in age, gender, injured arms, injury mechanism, AO/ASIF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation ) classiﬁcation and duration from injury to surgery (P > 0.05). Operation time, perioperative bleeding volume, hospitalization, complication rate were analyzed. Elbow function was assessed by the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and range of ﬂexion and extension motion (ROM) was at last follow-up.
Results: The mean duration of follow-up in group I was 14.25±1.818 months (range, 12–20 months), and was 15.26±2.717 months (range, 12–22 months) in group II. There was no signiﬁcant difference in these items , including operation time, perioperative bleeding volume, AO/ASIF classiﬁcation and hospitalization between the two groups (P > 0.05). Radiological and clinical evidence of bone healingwas seen in all patients. In group I, the mean union time was 13.00±0.41weeks (from10 to16weeks), the mean elbow ROM was 136.96/5.25° (range, 130-140° and 0-9°, respectively). In group II, the mean union time was 13.30±0.43 weeks (from10 to16 weeks), the mean elbow ROM was 138.52 /4.83° (range, 130-146° and 0-9°, respectively). The mean MEPS of lateral plating was 86.61±1.82 (from70 to100 points) and that of posterior plating was 85.87±1.88 (form70 to100points). No significant differences were found in union time, elbow ROM and MEPS between the two groups (P>0.05). The overall complication rate in group II was found to be higher than group I (P=0.014).
Conclusions: Our results presented that both lateral and posterior plating techniques for distal humeral shaft fractures achieved satisﬁed treatment results; and lateral plating treatment with a lower complication rate .
Long-term effects of restriction of intravenous fluid in adult ICU patients with septic shock
Authors: Kjær Maj-Brit Nørregaard , Meyhoff Tine Sylvest , Sivapalan Praleene , Granholm Anders , Hjortrup Peter Buhl , Madsen Martin Bruun , Møller Morten Hylander , Egerod Ingrid , Wetterslev Jørn , Lange Theis , Cronhjort Maria , Laake Jon Henrik , Jakob Stephan M. , Nalos Marek , Ostermann Marlies , Gould Doug , Cecconi Maurizio , Malbrain Manu L. N. G. , Ahlstedt Christian , Kiel Louise Bendix , Bestle Morten H , Nebrich Lars , Hildebrandt Thomas , Russell Lene , Vang Marianne , Lindhart Michael , Søllling Christoffer , Brøchner Anne Craveiro , Krag Mette , Pfortmueller Carmen , Kriz Miroslav , Siegemund Martin , Albano Giovanni , Aagaard Søren Rosborg , Bundgaard Helle , Crone Vera , Wichmann Sine , Johnstad Bror , Martin Yvonne Karin , Seidel Philipp , Mårtensson Johan , Hollenberg Jacob , Witstrand Mats , Donati Abele , Barbara Enrico , Karvunidis Thomas , Hollinger Alexa , Carsetti Andrea , Lumlertgul Nuttha , Joelsson-Alm Eva , Lambiris Nikolas , Aslam Tayyba Naz , Friberg Fredrik Femtehjell , Vesterlund Gitte Kingo , Mortensen Camilla Bekker , Vestergaard Stine Rom , Caspersen Sidsel Fjordbak , Jensen Diana Bertelsen , Brorup Morten , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Perner Anders
Published: March 2023

Purpose
To assess long-term outcomes of restrictive versus standard intravenous (IV) fluid therapy in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with septic shock included in the European Conservative versus Liberal Approach to Fluid Therapy in Septic Shock in Intensive Care (CLASSIC trial).
Methods
We conducted the pre-planned analyses of mortality, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EuroQol (EQ)-5D-5L index values and EQ visual analogue scale (VAS), and cognitive function using Mini Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Mini MoCA) test at 1-year. Deceased patients were assigned numerical zero for HRQoL as a state equal to death and zero for cognitive function outcomes as worst possible score, and we used multiple imputation for missing data on HRQoL and cognitive function.
Results
Among 1554 randomised patients, we obtained 1-year data on mortality in 97.9% of patients, HRQoL in 91.3%, and cognitive function in 86.3%. One-year mortality was 385/746 (51.3%) in the restrictive-fluid group versus 383/767 (49.9%) in the standard-fluid group, absolute risk difference 1.5%-points (99% confidence interval (CI) -4.8 to 7.8). Mean differences were 0.00 (99% CI -0.06 to 0.05) for EQ-5D-5L index values, -0.65 for EQ VAS (-5.40 to 4.08), and − 0.14 for Mini MoCA (-1.59 to 1.14) for the restrictive-fluid group versus the standard-fluid group. The results for survivors only were similar in both groups.
Conclusions
Among adult ICU patients with septic shock, restrictive versus standard IV fluid therapy resulted in similar survival, HRQoL and cognitive function at one year, but clinically important differences could not be ruled out.
Dietary Practice and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care, Akaki Kality Sub City Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2022
Authors: Koster Yohannes , Niguse Biruk
Published: March 2023

Background: Poor dietary intake key macro nutrient and micro nutrient adversely affect pregnancy out come and neonatal health maternal under nutrition in low and middle income countries is under lying cause of more than 3.5milion death and disabilities maternal malnutrition during pregnancy increase the risk of gestational anemia hypertension miscarriage and fetal death during pregnancy. However, the majority of Ethiopian pregnant women have inadequate nutrient intake these may be due to their poor dietary habits.
Objective: To assess dietary practice and associated factors among pregnancy mother attending antenatal care Akaki Kality sub city Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2022.
Methods: Institutional -based cross-sectional study was conducted on 436 randomly selected pregnancy mother attending antenatal care in Akaki Kality sub city district from july, 1-30,2022. Systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. The data were entered into Epi data version 07 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive analysis such as frequency, percentage, mean, and/or median will be done. Bivariable logistic regression were used to identify candidate variables that have an association with the outcome variable. To identify variables that have a statistically significant association with the outcome variable multivariate logistic regression was done. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.
Result: Four hundred twenty-eight study participants were included in this study with a response rate of 98.2%. The mean ages of the respondents were 27.96 years (SD ± 5.3). Majority of study participants 407(95.1%) had married marital status. Age of the mothers (AOR =3.22(95%CI: 1.08, 7.54)) , educational status of the mother (AOR =2.11(95%CI: 1.14, 11.73)) 5) and knowledge of the mother (AOR =2.28(95%CI: 1.09, 6.72))) were significantly associated with dietary practice of the mothers
Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that 49.3 % of pregnant mothers had good dietary practice and 50.7% of pregnant mothers had poor dietary practice. Age of the mothers, educational status of the mother and knowledge of mothers were significantly associated with dietary practice of the mothers at p-value less than 0.05 and 95% confidence interval.
Association between Racial Residential Segregation and COVID-19 Mortality
Authors: Neupane Suresh Nath , Ruel Erin
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the impact of racial residential segregation on COVID-19 mortality during the first year of the U.S. epidemic. Data comes from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation health rankings project. The observation includes a record of 8,670,781 individuals in 1,488 counties. We modeled COVID-19 deaths using hierarchical logistic regression models as a function of individual and county-level predictors. Results showed that as racial residential segregation increased, mortality rates increased, however, this varied by individual-level race. Controlling for segregation, Blacks and Asians had a greater risk of mortality while Hispanics and other racial groups had a lower risk com mortality compared to Whites. The impact of racial residential segregation on COVID-19 mortality did not vary by racial group.
The Residual Cancer Burden index as a valid prognostic indicator in breast cancer after Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhao Wei , Liu Cuicui , Gao Yongsheng , Chen Dawei , Wu Meng , Li Chao , Wang Xinzhao , Song Xiang , Liu Zhaoyun , Yu Zhiyong
Published: March 2023

Purpose The residual cancer burden index (RCB) was proposed as a response evaluation criterion in breast cancer patients treated with Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This study evaluated the relevance of RCB with replase-free survival (RFS).
MethodsThe clinical data of 254 breast cancer patients who received NAC between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively collected. The relationship between clinicopathologic factors and RFS was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RFS estimates were determined by Kaplan-Meier(K-M) analysis and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with RCB 0.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed the potential of the RCB and MP grading systems as biomarkers for RFS.
Results At a median follow-up of 26 months, 42 patients(16.5%) developed relapse. Multivariate Cox regression showed that older age (P=0.007), high Ki-67 expression (P=0.015) and a high RCB score(P=0.001) were risk factors for relapse. The outcomes of the multivariate logistic analysis indicated that RCB 0 (pathologic complete response [pCR]) was associated with HER-2-positive patients (P=0.002) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients (P=0.009).In addition, the RCB and MP scoring systems served as prognostic markers for patients who received NAC, and their areas under the curve (AUCs) were 0.711 and 0.682, respectively.
Conclusion These data suggest that RCB can be equally applied to predict RFS in Chinese patients with NAC, which may guide the selection of treatment strategies.
Velocity and dissipation characteristics of turbulence in solar flare plasma: An application of stochastic Lagrangian models
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Choudhary R. K.
Published: March 2023

The turbulence is one of the products of the magnetic reconnection process in the solar flare plasma. It intensely shifts the dynamics of the magnetic reconnection process and rapidly transfer energy that facilitates plasma heating by over 10 MK and particle energization. In this study, using results of Monte Carlo experiment through Euler-Maruyama approximation of stochastic Lagrangian models for inhomogeneous hydrodynamic turbulence, we present the velocity and dissipation (relaxation rate) characteristics of stochastic motions of particles (particles obeying Gaussian distribution) in the turbulence of the solar flare plasma. Monte Carlo experiment was performed for the turbulent kinetic energy of 10 30 erg, at a time scale of 10 sec and length scale of the order of full loop half-length 10 10 cm of the solar flare. The results of the velocity and dissipation (relaxation rate) are presented and analysed in both one and two dimensions. We observed that the positive value of relaxation rate of (1 − 8) × 10 −4 sec −1 for ≈ 5 sec of dispersion time could lead to the energy transfer and dissipation of the energy in the turbulence of the solar flare. The Monte Carlo mean relaxation rate of 4.5 × 10 −4 sec −1 shows that it dissipates ≈ 4.5 × 10 27 erg energy into thermal energy in 10 seconds, which is equal to the ≈ 0.5 % of the total injected kinetic energy. Velocities of the stochastic particles in the turbulence show the randomly fluctuations which are unsteadily dispersive in nature. The range and mean values of particles velocities are ∼ (0.5 − 3) × 10 6 cm sec −1 and 1.5 × 10 6 cm sec −1 respectively which indicate low atmospheric turbulence (chromosphere) in the solar flare. The turbulence onset at the loop top of the flare corona and propagate to lower chromosphere atmosphere of the flare. The obtained results are in the agreement with the observations. Our analysis thus demonstrates that the turbulence in the solar flare dissipate ≈ 0.5% of the injected energy into thermal energy. The rest of energy goes for the non-thermal particle energizing (particle acceleration).
Treatment response assessment of glioma tumors using deep learning based on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Papi Zahra , Fathi Sina , Dalvand Fatemeh , Vali Mahsa , Yousefi Ali , Tabatabaei Mohammad Hemmatyar , Amouheidari Alireza , Abedi Iraj
Published: March 2023

Background: Glioma is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm in adults. Radiotherapy is a treatment approach in glioma patients, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a beneficial diagnostic tool in treatment planning. Treatment response assessment in glioma patients is usually based on the Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (RANO) criteria. The limitation of assessment based on RANO is two-dimensional (2D) manual measurements. Deep learning (DL) has great potential in neuro-oncology to improve the accuracy of response assessment.
Method: In the current research, firstly, the BraTS 2018 Challenge dataset included 210 HGG and 75 LGG were applied to train a designed U-Net network for automatic tumor and intra-tumoral segmentation, followed by training of the designed classifier with transfer learning for determining grading HGG and LGG. Then, designed networks were employed for the segmentation and classification of local MRI images of 49 glioma patients pre and post-radiotherapy. The results of tumor segmentation and its intra-tumoral regions were utilized to determine the volume of different regions and treatment response assessment.
Results: Treatment response assessment demonstrated that radiotherapy is effective on the whole tumor and enhancing region with p-value ≤ 0.05 with a 95% confidence level, while it did not affect necrosis and peri-tumoral edema regions.
Conclusion: This work demonstrated the potential of using deep learning in MRI images to provide a beneficial tool in the automated treatment response assessment so that the patient can obtain the best treatment.
A Refinement of the Gravity Model for Competitive Facility Location
Authors: Zerom Dawit , Drezner Zvi
Published: March 2023

Most competitive location models assume that as the distance increases, the patronage of a facility declines at the same rate regardless of the facility attractiveness. We observed that the rate at which patronage declines is slower for more attractive facilities. Customers are willing to drive long distances to patronize an attractive facility. Less attractive facilities hardly attract customers from long distances. We propose to modify the effect of attractiveness on the appeal of the facility to customers. Many methods for estimating the market share captured by a facility can be modified to incorporate such property. We implemented the new modification on the gravity model and tested it on a real data set of shopping malls in Orange County, California. The approach was statistically validated which means that the estimate of the captured market share is more accurate by the proposed model. Once the estimate of the market share is more accurate, the best location for a new facility is also more accurate.
Observations of convection effects on particles and heat transport in liquid metals under plasma bombardment and infrared heat radiation
Authors: Hirooka Yoshi , Bi Hailin
Published: March 2023

To resolve technical issues associated with the plasma-facing components (PFCs) such as divertor installed in a steady state magnetic fusion DEMO reactor, employing high-temperature metals such as tungsten for the surface component, the use of liquid metals (LMs) such as lithium has been proposed, and evaluated as a possible resolution over the past two or so decades, using plasma confinement devices as well as laboratory-scale experimental facilities.
The present work is intended to explore the effect of forced convection in liquid metals on the transport behavior of particles and heat from divertor plasma bombardment. Laboratory-scale experiments have been conducted, using GaInSn and molten lithium as the liquid metal targets to be exposed to steady state plasmas and infrared irradiation. Data clearly indicate that electromagnetically induced convection can enhance particles and heat transport in these liquid metals, proof-of-principle data for convected LM-PFCs.
A Distributed Homological based Sensor Selection and Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Varposhti Marzieh
Published: March 2023

One of the fundamental problems in randomly deployed sensor networks is to enhance the network lifetime along with providing full area coverage. The problem is more challenging when location information is not available. Scheduling the activities of sensor nodes in a way that each point of the area of interest is covered by at least one sensor node is a promising way when a smaller set of sensor nodes is scheduled autonomously. This autonomous sleep scheduling of sensor nodes can be efficiently done based on the topological properties of the sensor network in a distributed fashion. In this paper, we address the problem of autonomous scheduling of sensor nodes for providing full area coverage in wireless sensor networks in a distributed manner when there is no location information available. The goal is to prolong the network lifetime. The proposed method is based on homology. The idea is autonomous selection of the minimum number of active sensors with the highest level of energy based on the properties of the simplicial complex of the network. We formulate this problem as an integer programming problem. Then, we propose a distributed algorithm, which does not require the knowledge of the location of nodes or distance between them. Finally, we provide simulation results demonstrating the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Language-dependent Cue weighting in Distinctive Feature: Evidence from the Perception of Mandarin High Vowels by Native English Speakers
Authors: Zhu Wen-Hui , Lee Sun-Hee , Zhang Xin-Ting
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the perception of the three Mandarin high vowels /i, u, y/ after dental, retroflex and palatal fricatives and affricates /s/-/ʦ/-/ʦʰ/; /ʂ/-/tʂ/-/tʂʰ/, and /ʨ/, /ʨʰ/, /ɕ/) by native English speakers. The results of the perceptual identification and categorization experiments show that among the three target vowels, the high front rounded vowel /y/ presents the greatest challenge for native English speakers. They have a significantly higher tendency to confuse /y/ with the Mandarin high back rounded vowel /u/ compared to the Mandarin high front unrounded vowel /i/, as they perceptually classified /y/ and /u/ into the same English vowel category /u/. The findings of the study suggest that native English speakers adopt a perceptual strategy that differs from that of native Japanese and Korean speakers, relying heavier on the feature of roundness as opposed to backness in perceiving the Mandarin /y/. This study contributes to the perceptual cue weighting field by examining the weighting of phonological cues (i.e. distinctive feature) in Mandarin high vowels by native English speakers. These results hold pedagogical significance as they highlight the importance of targeted perception training for learners of different language backgrounds to enhance both their recognition and reproduction of second language sounds.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) in the treatment of congenital duodenal obstruction: A single center cohort study
Authors: Treider Martin Alavi , Røkkum Henrik , Børke Wenche Bakken , Lassen Kristoffer , Bjørnland Kristin
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate to what extent perioperative routines for treating neonates with congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) aligned with the proposed Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) recommendations for neonates and whether treatment highly corresponding with ERAS improves postoperative outcomes.
Method:
This is a cohort study of neonates undergoing surgery for CDO at Oslo University Hospital (2009-2020). Data were reviewed in 2022 and compared with the ERAS recommendations; high correspondence was defined as treatment corresponding with >70% of the recommendations.
Results:
Of 69 included neonates with CDO, 19 (28%) received treatment highly corresponding with the ERAS recommendations, and the overall median correspondence rate was 62.5 (14-88) %. Forty-two (65%) neonates received opioid treatment postoperatively; median total morphine equivalents were 0.1 mg/kg. Neonates in the high correspondence group received fewer morphine equivalents (p=0.027), but no significant differences were seen in terms of postoperative length of stay and complication rate. The overall correspondence with ERAS recommendations increased during the study period (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
Many of the ERAS recommendations have been a part of the treatment of neonates with CDO during the last decade. Neonates with treatment highly corresponding to ERAS recommendation received less opioid treatment than neonates with low correspondence.
Changing temperature trends at subtropical mountains in southeastern China
Authors: Qin Yihui , Wei Yuxing , Lu Jiayi , Mao Jiahui , Deng Haijun , Chen Xingwei , Gao Lu , Chen Ying , Liu Meibing
Published: March 2023

In the context of global warming, mountain warming has significantly elevation-dependent. Currently, most studies focusing on high-altitude mountainous areas lack examples of middle and low-altitude mountainous areas. Southeastern China's Fujian Province has the Wuyi Mountains in the northwest and coastal plains in the southeast, making it an ideal place to study temperature warming change with elevation. Therefore, based on 64 meteorological stations' daily observation data in Fujian Province from 1961 to 2018, the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test method was used to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of temperatures and their elevation-dependent warming characteristics. The results show that (1) Fujian Province has experienced significant warming from 1961 to 2018, where the mean temperature is 0.20°C/decade, the maximum temperature is 0.17°C/decade, and the minimum temperature is 0.26°C/decade. The mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures abruptly changed around 1997, 2000, and 1998, respectively. (2) In 1961-1990, more than 63% of stations experienced a decline in annual mean temperature, mainly because the maximum temperature decreased during this period, whereas for 1971-2000, 1981-2010, and 1991-2018, the maximum, minimum and mean temperatures have been increasing. (3) In Fujian Province, there are significant spatial differences in temperature variations, with the maximum warming trend of mean temperature occurring in the southeast coastal plains, the maximum warming trend of maximum temperature occurring in the northwestern mountainous region, and the minimum temperature is warming faster in the southeast coast and northwestern mountains than in the central region. (4) In the study area, no elevation-dependent warming of mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures was observed, indicating that middle and low-altitude mountainous regions of the subtropics do not experience elevation-dependent warming of temperatures.
Construction of Invariant Relations of $n$ Symmetric Second-Order Tensors
Authors: Aguiar Adair Roberto , Rocha Gabriel Lopes da
Published: March 2023

methodology is presented to find either implicit or explicit relations between invariants in a minimal integrity basis for n symmetric secondorder tensors defined on a three-dimensional euclidean space. The implicit relations are called syzygies. The methodology i) allows the construction of a set of 6 n−3 independent invariants, ii) yields explicit non-polynomial expressions for certain invariants in terms of the remaining invariants in the integrity basis, and iii) allows the construction of syzygies. The results of this investigation are important in modeling biological structures, which, in general, are non-homogeneous and made of anisotropic viscoelastic materials that are subjected to large deformations and are modeled through constitutive relations that depend on symmetric tensors.
The Intervention of oil constituents from Garcinia kola against epidermal growth factor receptor in breast cancer using in-silico analysis
Authors: Folayan A. D. , Akintunde J. K. , Akamo A. J. , Oyelakin A. S
Published: March 2023

The most common form of cancer among women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death among black women is breast cancer (BC). Important biological targets in the therapy of cancer, epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) have been found to be substantially expressed in cases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Thus, drugs that focus on this receptor may reduce the incidence of breast cancer. This study, therefore, aims at investigating the inhibitory potential of oil constituents from Garcinia kola against epidermal growth factor receptors in breast cancer using in-silico approaches. Human EGFR structure was obtained from Maestro module version 11.8. Docking of Garcinia kola oil constituents against human EGFR was done using Auto/Vina in Pymol 4.2 while physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed using Qikprop. Phytochemical analysis was carried out with GC-MS. This study revealed the presence of twenty phytocompounds in Garcinia kola oil. Docking of isolated compounds against EGFR showed that 1,2-Benzenediol, 3,5- bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl)- and Phyto acetate had the best docking scores of -7.309 and -6.326 respectively. Many of the components of Garcinia kola oil may be eligible as oral medications because they met the criteria for drug-likeness while still being within allowable limits. A significant portion of the chemicals in Garcinia kola oil may act as novel EGFR inhibitors and may be a potent anti-breast cancer drug, according to in-silico data from molecular docking scores, binding free energy, projected pIC50 values, and ADMET evaluation. To confirm the oil components of Garcinia kola as an anticancer agent, however, more research is needed.
Photocatalytic Properties of Molybdenum Oxide Photoelectrode Synthesized by Spray Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Jubu Peverga R. , Yusuf Bashir , Yusof Y. , McAsule A. A. , Aondoakaa S. I. , Tsaviv N. J. , Chahul H. F. , Shiada M. S. , Gundu A. A. , Erukaa M.
Published: March 2023

The present work reports the photocatalytic properties of pyrolyzed molybdenum oxide thin film. Microstructural analysis reveals clustered nanoaggregates. Structural analysis shows polycrystalline 𝛼-MoO3 phase. The crystallite size, dislocation density, microstrain and stacking faults are found to be 41.27 nm, 5.87 ×10−4 lines/cm2, 8.41 ×10−4 and 1.78, respectively. The optical bandgap is found to be 3.20 eV. Linear sweep voltammetry measurement in 1 M KOH electrolyte reveal significant photocurrent density of 992.39 𝜇A/cm2 at bias of 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The reasonable performance of the device suggest that the spray pyrolysis method is promising for preparing photosensitive MoO3 films for photoelectrochemical measurement.
Occipital artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass: a cadaveric feasibility study
Authors: Yuan Yong , Wang Xiaolong , Han Li , Tuo Yuanzhao , Wu Bomeng , Ding Xinmin
Published: March 2023

Pupose: To demonstrate that the occipital artery(OA)-p1 posterior inferior cerebellar artery(PICA) bypass can be an alternative for complex posterior circulation aneurysms.
Methods: A far-lateral approach to craniotomy was performed on 10 adult head and neck specimens(a total of 20 sides occipital artery), and the OA was obtained 'in-line.' Its length, diameter, and the number of p1/p2 and p3 segmental perforators were determined, and the relationship between caudal loop and cerebellar tonsil position was also assessed. The distance between the PICA’s origin and the cranial nerve XI (CN XI), the buffer length above the CN XI after dissection, the OA length required to complete the OA-p1/p3 PICA bypass, and the p1 and p3 segment diameters were all measured.
Results: All specimens underwent OA-p1 PICA end-to-end bypass, 15 sides underwent OA-p3 PICA end-to-side bypass, and the other bypass protocols were less common. The buffer length above the CN XI after dissection, the distance between the PICA’s origin and the CN XI, and the first perforator were all of sufficient length. The direct length of the OA needed to complete the OA-p1 PICA end-to-end bypass was significantly less than the available length and the OA-p3 PICA end-to-side bypass, with the OA matching the p1 segment diameter. The number of p1 perforators was less than that of p3, and the OA diameter was equal to that of the p1 segment.
Conclusion: OA-p1 PICA end-to-end bypass is a feasible alternative in cases which p3 segment has high caudal loops or anatomic anomalies.
An Optimization Method For Pruning Rates of Each Layer in CNN Based on the GA-SMSM
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Li Binqi , Song Yuantao
Published: March 2023

Parameter pruning is one of the main methods for compressing CNN models. It can reduce the redundant parameters, the complexity of time and space, and calculation resources of the network while ensuring the minimal loss of the network's performance. Currently, most existing parameter pruning methods have equal pruning rates in all layers. Unlike previous methods, this paper focuses on the optimal combination of each layer’s pruning rates for a given pruning rate of the whole model. First, we use the genetic algorithm to obtain the pruning rate for each layer, where the pruning rate for each layer is not necessarily the same, but the average of the pruning rates is no more than the given pruning rate. Then, we order the similarity of filters to determine the pruning objects, using the sum of matrix similarity based on cosine similarity. We use VGGNet and ResNet for experimental validation on CIFAR10 and ImageNet ILSVRC2012.The results show that the accuracy loss of the pruned model using GA-SMSM is lower than that of previous methods.
Functional Outcomes of Hirschsprung's Disease in Children - A Single Center Study Done at The Children's Hospital Lahore
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Butt Jamaal , Shoukat Zubair , Hashim Imran , Muhammad Moeezah , Majeed Fatima , Saleem Umer , Kamran Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Aim: Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD) is a congenital bowel disorder resulting in functional dysmotility. Advancement in surgical techniques has improved outcomes but recent studies have identified problems having significant impact on patient's quality of life. The aim of this study is to analyze post-operative functional outcome after definitive surgery for Hirschsprung’s disease.
Method:A retrospective study was conducted in the department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital Lahore. The record of 64 patients was reviewed from the year 2009 - 2019. Parents were interviewed on phone calls and a predesigned questionnaire was filled. Degree of constipation, incontinence and voluntary bowel movements was analyzed according to Krickenbeck Classification.
Results: Median age at initial presentation was 11 days, with male to female ratio of 3.9:1. Most common presentation was delayed passage of meconium (38%). Diagnosis was made on biopsy in 70.3%, while contrast enema and biopsy in 29.7 %. Aganglionosis was limited to short segment in 81.3% & long segment in 14.5%. Decompressing enterostomy was made in 63% at mean age of 191 days. Definitive surgery included Duhamel pull through in 89.1%. The mean age at follow up was 10.6±4.19 years and alive patients are 95.4%. Post-operative enterocolitis was reported by 27%, while 35.5% reported fecal incontinence and 16.1% had complained of constipation. For voluntary bowel movements, 80% could hold bowel movement, among which 5% with feeling of urge and 15% had the capacity to verbalize. In 25 % of patients, fecal incontinence was a constant social problem and in 25% of these patients, constipation was resistant to diet and laxatives.
Conclusion: On long term follow up; fecal incontinence was more worrisome affecting quality of life requiring help of bowel management program. Such patients need close follow up after definitive procedure, so that they have normal stooling habits in their adulthood and lead a normal life.
Volume Fractional Change of Nano-Particle for Enhanced Localization Probability in Surface Plasmon Polariton Dispersion Relation at AgSiO2-Cesium Atomic Interface
Authors: khan Zakir , Bilal Muhammad , Khan Majid , Khan Aizaz , Bacha B. A.
Published: March 2023

This manuscript investigates atomic microscopy at the interface ofa silver silica $AgSiO_2$ nano-composite and cesium atomic mediumusing surface plasmon polariton dispersion relation. The studyreveals the measurement of sharp localization peaks on both thereal and imaginary parts of the dispersion relation of SPPs. Asharp single localization peak is reported in sub-half wave lengthdomain having minimum uncertainty in position with high precisionprobability. The study also reveals double, triple, four, and evenfive localized peaks in one wavelength domain with the highintensity of control field. The localization probability at theimaginary part ranges from $30-35\%$, while the real part rangesfrom $96-98\%$ on the dispersion relation of SPPs. Thesignificance of this work is that the localization probability isenhanced with the volume fractional change of the nano-particlewithout disturbing the position uncertainty.