bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mathematical deconvolution formulation for superficial dose distribution measurement by Cerenkov light dosimetry
Authors: Brost Eric Edward , Watanabe Yoichi
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Cerenkov photons are created by high‐energy radiation beams used for radiation therapy. In this study, we developed a Cerenkov light dosimetry technique to obtain a two‐dimensional dose distribution in a superficial region of medium from the images of Cerenkov photons by using a deconvolution method.

Methods

An integral equation was derived to represent the Cerenkov photon image acquired by a camera for a given incident high‐energy photon beam by using convolution kernels. Subsequently, an equation relating the planar dose at a depth to a Cerenkov photon image using the well‐known relationship between the incident beam fluence and the dose distribution in a medium was obtained. The final equation contained a convolution kernel called the Cerenkov dose scatter function (CDSF). The CDSF function was obtained by deconvolving the Cerenkov scatter function (CSF) with the dose scatter function (DSF). The GAMOS (Geant4‐based Architecture for Medicine‐Oriented Simulations) Monte Carlo particle simulation software was used to obtain the CSF and DSF. The dose distribution was calculated from the Cerenkov photon intensity data using an iterative deconvolution method with the CDSF. The theoretical formulation was experimentally evaluated by using an optical phantom irradiated by high‐energy photon beams.

Results

The intensity of the deconvolved Cerenkov photon image showed linear dependence on the dose rate and the photon beam energy. The relative intensity showed a field size dependence similar to the beam output factor. Deconvolved Cerenkov images showed improvement in dose profiles compared with the raw image data. In particular, the deconvolution significantly improved the agreement in the high dose gradient region, such as in the penumbra. Deconvolution with a single iteration was found to provide the most accurate solution of the dose. Two‐dimensional dose distributions of the deconvolved Cerenkov images agreed well with the reference distributions for both square fields and a multileaf collimator (MLC) defined, irregularly shaped field.

Conclusions

The proposed technique improved the accuracy of the Cerenkov photon dosimetry in the penumbra region. The results of this study showed initial validation of the deconvolution method for beam profile measurements in a homogeneous media. The new formulation accounted for the physical processes of Cerenkov photon transport in the medium more accurately than previously published methods.
Bilanz 2017: Klebstoffe und Waschmittel
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: June 2018

Henkel setzte im Jahr 2017 erstmals mehr als 20 Mrd. Euro um und will die Produktion stärker digitalisieren.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fluoro‐glycosylated Porphyrins that can be Utilized as Theranostic Agents
Authors: Arja Katriann , Elgland Mathias , Appelqvist Hanna , Konradsson Peter , Lindgren Mikael , Nilsson K. Peter R.
Published: June 2018

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Professor Peter Nilsson at the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology at Linköping University (Sweden). The cover picture shows a fluoro‐glycoporphyrin that selectively targets cancer cells. The selectivity towards cancer cells are afforded due to proper functionalization of the porphyrin scaffold with specific carbohydrates, and the cancer cells can be visualized because of the intrinsic fluorescence from the porphyrin. The molecule also exhibits properties for photodynamic therapy and the incorporation of fluorine, in the form of 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy glucose (FDG), offers the possibility to apply these compounds as 18F positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Thus, fluoro‐glycoporphyrins display multimodal properties and can be employed as theranostic agents targeting cancer cells. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.201800020.
A phase I window, dose escalating and safety trial of metformin in combination with induction chemotherapy in relapsed refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Metformin with induction chemotherapy of vincristine, dexamethasone, PEG‐asparaginase, and doxorubicin
Authors: Trucco Matteo , Barredo Julio C. , Goldberg John , Leclerc Gilles M. , Hale Gregory A. , Gill Jonathan , Setty Bhuvana , Smith Tiffany , Lush Richard , Lee Jae K. , Reed Damon R.
Published: June 2018

Background

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains a major cause of death in children. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) affects the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to increased vulnerability to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in ALL cells. In vitro, metformin causes ALL cell death via AMPK‐mediated inhibition of the UPR. It was evaluated whether ER stress could be induced in relapsed ALL through a phase I study investigating the safety and feasibility of metformin in combination with relapse induction chemotherapy.

Procedure

Metformin was administered twice daily for 28 days in addition to vincristine, dexamethasone, PEG‐asparaginase and doxorubicin (VXLD). Dose escalation of metformin was evaluated using a 3+3 design. Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) evaluation of the AMPK and ER stress/UPR pathways, and treatment response were assessed.

Results

Fourteen patients were enrolled; all were evaluable for toxicity. The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was Dose level 2, 1,000 mg/m2/day. A single dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), hypoglycemia with acidosis, was observed at the RP2D and two DLTs, diarrhea and acidosis, were observed at Dose Level 3. Nine patients were evaluable for response as defined by the protocol, receiving at least 85% of planned metformin doses. Five complete remissions, one partial response, and one stable disease were observed. PD evaluation showed induction of ER stress, activation of AMPK, and inhibition of the UPR.

Conclusions

The VXLD with metformin was tolerable with a RP2D for metformin of 1,000 mg/m2/day and yielded responses in a heavily pretreated population. ER stress was induced and toxicities attributable to metformin occurred in all dose levels.
Dose–volume metrics and their relation to memory performance in pediatric brain tumor patients: A preliminary study
Authors: Raghubar Kimberly P. , Lamba Michael , Cecil Kim M. , Yeates Keith Owen , Mahone E. Mark , Limke Christina , Grosshans David , Beckwith Travis J. , Ris M. Douglas
Published: June 2018

Background

Advances in radiation treatment (RT), specifically volumetric planning with detailed dose and volumetric data for specific brain structures, have provided new opportunities to study neurobehavioral outcomes of RT in children treated for brain tumor. The present study examined the relationship between biophysical and physical dose metrics and neurocognitive ability, namely learning and memory, 2 years post‐RT in pediatric brain tumor patients.

Procedure

The sample consisted of 26 pediatric patients with brain tumor, 14 of whom completed neuropsychological evaluations on average 24 months post‐RT. Prescribed dose and dose–volume metrics for specific brain regions were calculated including physical metrics (i.e., mean dose and maximum dose) and biophysical metrics (i.e., integral biological effective dose and generalized equivalent uniform dose). We examined the associations between dose–volume metrics (whole brain, right and left hippocampus), and performance on measures of learning and memory (Children's Memory Scale).

Results

Biophysical dose metrics were highly correlated with the physical metric of mean dose but not with prescribed dose. Biophysical metrics and mean dose, but not prescribed dose, correlated with measures of learning and memory.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings call into question the value of prescribed dose for characterizing treatment intensity; they also suggest that biophysical dose has only a limited advantage compared to physical dose when calculated for specific regions of the brain. We discuss the implications of the findings for evaluating and understanding the relation between RT and neurocognitive functioning.
Nondestructive evaluation sensor fusion with autonomous robotic system for civil infrastructure inspection
Authors: Gibb Spencer , La Hung Manh , Le Tuan , Nguyen Luan , Schmid Ryan , Pham Huy
Published: June 2018

Civil infrastructure inspection is crucial to maintaining the quality of that infrastructure, which has a great impact on the economy. Performing this inspection is costly work that requires workers to be trained on how to use varying technologies, which can be error prone when performed manually and can result in damage to the infrastructure in some cases. For this reason, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) sensors are preferred for civil infrastructure inspection as they can perform the necessary inspection without damaging the infrastructure. In this paper, we develop a fully autonomous robotic system capable of real‐time data collection and quasi‐real‐time data processing. The robotic system is equipped with several NDE sensors that allow for a sensor fusion method to be developed that successfully minimizes inspection time while performing adequate inspection of areas that require more in‐depth data to be collected. A detailed discussion of the inspection framework developed for this robotic system, and the dual navigation modes for both indoor and outdoor autonomous navigation is presented. The developed robotic system is deployed to inspect several infrastructures (e.g., parking garages, bridges) at and near by the University of Nevada, Reno campus.
P‐1: A New Method of Verificating Charging Compensation in 8K4K 120Hz Large LCDs by Using Small Panel
Authors: Shang Guangliang , Dong Xue , Liao Feng , Chu Yifang , Zheng Haoliang , Han Seungwoo , Im Yunsik , Chen Xiaochuan , Huang Yinglong , Jun Jungmok
Published: June 2018

Charging compensation needs to be verified in 75inch oxide 8K4K 120Hz TV panel because pixel charging time is only 1.85us. To faster and cost less, a new method using 3.42inch panel to simulation 5 key positions is proposed. The charging ratio uniformity increases from 85% to 99% along data line direction.
P‐3: TCAD Modeling of Ion Transport for Simulation of Degradation in an Amorphous InGaZnO Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Kong Sungwon , Hylin E. C. , Kimpton Derek , Guichard Eric
Published: June 2018

We have developed an ion transport model to simulate various degradation mechanisms in an amorphous InGaZnO (IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT). The simulation model reproduces the published data very well and demonstrates the evolution of charged ions in negative bias illumination stress, from which we can predict the ion contribution to the threshold voltage shift.
85‐4: A Subpixel‐based Objective Image Quality Metric with Application to Visually Lossless Image Compression Evaluation
Authors: Cook Gregory W. , Ribera Javier , Stolitzka Dale , Xiong Wei
Published: June 2018

Subjective Test Scoring is the “gold standard” for determining whether two images are considered visually lossless, and S‐CIELAB is a good tool for guiding researchers in finding impaired regions. In this paper we introduce a new metric, which we call ISETBIOLAB, that is based on the computational observer model and is similar in spirit to S‐CIELAB but also incorporating the human visual system model. It is shown to have a better correlation to Subjective Test Scoring for visually lossless compression evaluation than either PSNR or S‐CIELAB. Also, since it is based on spatial and spectral expansion of subpixels, it is useful for evaluating any subpixel arrangement, and thus allowing direct comparisons of different display types.
85‐2: Subjective Evaluation of Moving Picture Quality on 4K OLED and LCD TVs for Analyzing Device Response in Detail
Authors: Kawahara Isao , Kubota Satoru
Published: June 2018

Subjective study was conducted on moving picture quality of 4K TVs using OLED and LCD to analyze the impact of panel device response on overall moving picture quality. By optimized test patterns and camera images, benefit of ultra‐fast response, device‐oriented motion artifacts, and overall performance including blur are efficiently evaluated.
83‐4: Investigation on Quantitative Simulation Method of ITO index matrix
Authors: Bao-ran Li , Hong Yang , Xi-bin Shao , Zong-jie Guo , Tao-feng Xie , Wen-jin Fan , Qing-pu Wang , Ling-yan Wu
Published: June 2018

In view of the fact that the effect of ITO index matrix simulation cannot be obtained directly and accurately in the past research, this paper establishes an ITO IMQS (index matrix quantitative simulation) model in human vision. The ITO IMQS model can be used to obtain the data and pictures of characterization effect of index matrix directly which is based on the theory of the Radiation energy flux and Luminous flux. According to the consequence of calculation and comparison, the model simulation results with the actual situation is consistent, fully shows highly validity of the model. The ITO IMQS model completely solves the problem of ITO index matrix in the early stage of product design, and it also provides great convenience for the timely and effective improvement scheme of the products already in question.
83‐1: Enhancing the Performance of Display‐Integrated NFC Antenna by Magnetic Resonance Coupling for Secure Contactless Payment Transactions and for IOT
Authors: de Dieu B. Mugiraneza Jean , Sugita Yasuhiro , Kida Kazutoshi , Maruyama Takenori , Yamagishi Shinji
Published: June 2018

We propose a display‐integrated Near Field Communication (NFC) antenna design using Magnetic resonance coupling (MRC) for enhanced NFC power transfer and for extended large area NFC interface. By using MRC the power transfer, expressed in induced electric potential, from display‐integrated NFC antenna transmitter to the Proximity Integrated Circuit Card (PICC) tuned to 16.1MHz at height of 40 mm from the center of the integrated transmitter is enhanced to 2.93 V from 1.91 V, obtained without using MRC. MRC approach also allows expanding the NFC card readable area to farther than 2.5 times the size of the antenna. As a result, the power transfer characteristics of MRC based Display‐integrated NFC transmitter antenna are compatible with the Europay MasterCard Visa consortium (EMVCo) standard for contactless payments transactions and the design is suitable solution for large area NFC interface for connected devices in Internet of Things (IOT) applications.
P‐8: The Analysis of Effective Channel Length in a‐IGZO TFTs with the Top IGZO layer
Authors: Han Won Il , Choi Dong Hyuk , So Hyun Wook , Lee Wa Ryong , Baek Jung Woong , Choi Hoon
Published: June 2018

We investigated the effective channel length (Leff) of a‐IGZO single layer and bi‐layer. In the I‐V curve, the drain‐induced barrier lowering (DIBL) phenomenon appeared to be severe in the single layer, while it was relatively improved in the Bi layer. Based on this, we have determined the effective channel length through transmission line method (TLM) and confirmed that the effective channel length of the Bi layer is longer. The threshold voltage variation for each design length from 3.5 to 8.5 μm was also smaller in the Bi‐layer. The results of XPS analysis show that this was due to the oxygen decomposition by Ti. In the Bi‐layer with Ga‐rich top layer, the high conduction region due to the oxygen decomposition phenomenon was reduced.
82‐1: Invited Paper: Large Area Thin Film Encapsulation from Bendable to Rollable and Foldable
Authors: Nominanda Helinda , Wu Wenhao , Chen Jerry R. , Choi Soo Young
Published: June 2018

Single layer barrier layer and multi‐layer barrier/buffer/barrier layers thin film encapsulation (TFE) were developed by large area PECVD. The barrier performances as well as mechanical bending flexibility were demonstrated.
81‐4: Advancement of E‐O properties in Nano‐Phase‐Separated LCs
Authors: Fujisawa Toru , Hasebe Hiroshi , Takatsu Haruyoshi
Published: June 2018

We have developed Nano‐Phase Separated Liquid Crystals (NPS‐LCs). V‐T properties in NPS‐LCDs to be almost compatible with PSA‐LCDs and 40% faster decay time than that of PSA‐LCDs have been achieved by improvement of alignment ordering in azimuthal direction of tilted liquid crystals and eliminating disturbance of alignment by the polymer network.
80‐2: AMQLED Display with Solution‐Processed Oxide TFT Backplane
Authors: Kim Jeonggi , Lee Jihun , Jang Jin
Published: June 2018

We report a 4‐inch active matrix quantum‐dot light‐emitting diode (AMQLED) with solution‐processed oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) backplane and quantum‐dot light‐emitting diode (QLED). The oxide TFT exhibits the average field‐effect mobility over 5 cm2 V−1s−1. Highly efficient green QLEDs are demonstrated by using metal doped Li doped ZnO as an electron transporting layer, which exhibit the current efficiency over 63 cd A−1.
80‐1: Invited Paper: Developing AMQLED Technology for Display Applications
Authors: Li Yanzhao , Chen Zhuo , Kristal Boris , Zhang Yuanming , Li Dong , Yu Gang , Wang Xiyuan , Wang Long , Shi Yongming , Wang Zhiliang , Chen Youru , Yu Jing , He Yuedi
Published: June 2018

In this paper we describe current state of the active matrix quantum dot light emitting diode (AMQLED) display technology and analyze the ways this technology can be developed for mass‐production. We discuss material requirements, device structures, electrical and optical properties of quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLED). We also show how active matrix displays based on quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLED) in a near future can provide a compelling alternative to the OLED and LCD based displays.
P‐20: Towards High‐Performance and Cost‐Effective Top‐Gated Oxide TFTs with Hybrid‐Phase Microstructural Channels
Authors: Deng Sunbin , Chen Rongsheng , Li Guijun , Zhang Meng , Xia Zhihe , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: June 2018

A new type of oxide semiconductor with hybrid‐phase microstructure was introduced, and the general top‐gated TFTs exhibited high, stable and spatially uniform electrical performance. Moreover, the modified top‐gated devices with one mask reduction were demonstrated, enabling more cost‐effective manufacturing. The acquired process impacts could further guide the realization of self‐aligned devices.
P‐22: Fabrication of Oxide‐Based Phototransistors for Visible Light Detection via Nanowire Interfaces
Authors: Kim Dongwoo , Kim Yeong-gyu , Chung Jusung , Kang Byung Ha , Lee Jin Hyeok , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: June 2018

This work shows an oxide‐based phototransistor that senses visible light by creating highly defective interfaces (HDIs). HDIs are fabricated by using nanowires of hafnium oxide (HfO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) embedded in indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). It sensed red light with photo responsivity of 178.7 A/W and a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 105.
79‐4: A Plastic Electrochromic Dimming Device for Augmented Reality Glasses
Authors: Machida Akio , Kadono Koji , Ishii Yui , Kono Tadahiro , Takanashi Hidehiko , Nishiike Akihito , Suzuki Hidetada , Nakagawa Yasuro , Ando Kuniaki , Kasahara Daisuke , Takeda Ayari , Nomoto Kazumasa
Published: June 2018

We have developed an electrochromic dimming device on a plastic substrate with high transparency modulation from 70% to 10% and bending radius below 30 mm. It works more than endurance 10,000 cycles and high‐temperature‐humidity conditions. Combination of the device and AR glass enables the clear image visibility in various environments.
79‐3: Color Adjustment for Video‐see‐through AR and Camouflage Application
Authors: Chen Yu-Kai , Chen Chun-Ho , Huang Yi-Pai
Published: June 2018

We realized a color adjustment system with a commercial camera and a borderless LED panel for video‐see‐through AR and camouflage applications. By proposed HDR and color mapping technique, CIE XYZ of real scene can be effectively obtained. The CIEDE2000 as evaluation indicator is 3.01 and indistinguishable visual perception is achieved.
79‐2: Distinguished Student Paper: Compact See‐through Near‐eye Display with Depth Adaption
Authors: Lee Yun-Han , Tan Guanjun , Yin Kun , Zhan Tao , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2018

Based on the recent development of Pancharatnam—Berry deflectors and lenses (PBDs and PBLs), we propose a compact and lightweight near‐eye display system with depth adaption. The compact design results from the polarization selectivity of PBD waveguide coupler, and the fast‐switching PBLs can be exploited for generating correct light fields.
P‐28: A Gamut Mapping Algorithm Based on Partition Mapping Method
Authors: Rao Yang , Pu Yiying , Syu Shen-Sian , Jou Ming-Jong
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a new partition mapping method is adopted in gamut mapping algorithms (GMAs). It takes both color difference (ΔE) and details into account. Meanwhile, lightness variation is regarded more important than ΔE in low lightness area. Subjective experiment shows that observers prefer proposed method than HPMINDE or SGCK in aspect of similarity to original images.
P‐29: Mitigating Color Deficiency in Graphical Display
Authors: Ward Greg , Nazari Mina Rafi , Soudi Afsoon , Akhavan Tara , Yoo Hyunjin , Gerhardt Jeremie , Clark James J.
Published: June 2018

We propose a technique for adjusting displays to compensate for deficiencies in viewers' color perception. The method proposed finds graphical elements of the image and recolors them using a color palette designed specifically for colorblind viewers. We present results of user studies demonstrating the advantages of this approach.
P‐33: Digital Simulation and Analysis of Moirés
Authors: Sun Xuefei , You Jaegeon , Wang Xinxing , Zhang Bin , Zhan Yucheng , Jia Qian , Yao Jikai , Xu Xiaona
Published: June 2018

This paper analyzes the mechanism of the production and improvement of the moiré by combining different kinds of touch sensor (metal mesh, or ITO patterns) products of mobiles or notebooks. In order to complete the digitalization of moirés, we build model with MATLAB and simulate the intuitive moiré images matching the actual phenomenon, get the digital result by calculating CPD (Cycle per Degree) and contrast sensitivity in combination with the human eyes sensitivity, which is well matching with actual patterns.
P‐37: Wide‐Viewing—Angle Anti‐Reflection and Anti‐Glare Surface Treatment on the Cover Glass for Auto‐Interior Applications
Authors: Li Cheng-chung , Lesuffleur Antoine , Oudard Jean Francois , Ishikawa Tomohiro
Published: June 2018

Optical properties of Corning® Gorilla® Glass with wide‐viewing‐angle AR and AG surface treatment are explored in the light of angular reflectance, and transmittance measurements including diffused and specular reflectance, angular color, and transmission haze. We propose methods to accurately measure these properties and take into account the viewer’s experience in Auto Interior applications with improved color matching at large viewing angles.
P‐38: Development of Curved In Cell TFT‐LCD Module for Automotive Display
Authors: Liu Maio , Chen Yun Xiu , Gai Xin , Chen Ming , Sun Yu Ling , Li Shou , Yin Gen Da , He Ze Zong , Liang Fei , Du Jun Jing , Wang Zheng , Yang Giang Jian , Hou Xiu Ting , Ma Quing Quing , Dong Fei
Published: June 2018

This paper introduces a realization method for curved in Cell TFT‐LCD MDL, and for the 15.6inch module, the surface of the in cell touch module is designed to meet the high‐end vehicle streamlined concept by special technical means. At the same time, the room space is saved to a certain extent. The paper introduces the realization method of the true surface design of the backlight and the display effect of the bright backlight by highlighting the film structure. This paper also introduces a new UI(User Interface) vehicle interface design, which greatly improves the ride experience for the driver and passenger.
P‐40: Stereoscopic Cluster Based on Dual‐layer Display
Authors: Long Bin , Yoon Daekeun , Li Wenyang , Kusama Kentaro , Zhang Zan , Ma Qing , Han Rui , Yu Jie , Chen Ming
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a 12.3inch cluster using a dual‐layer LCD module is proposed. By using two overlapped LCD panels, we demonstrate the ability to achieve stereoscopic animation and high contrast ratio (>4000:1). Meanwhile, a particular diffusion film was introduced to eliminate the Moiré effect induced by the stacked TFT panels.
P‐42: Development of High Performance TFT‐LCD Module for Vehicle Display
Authors: Liang Fei , Sun Lingyu , Chen Xiuyun , Yoon D.K , He Zongze , Du Jingjun , Hou Tingxiu , Fang Liyu
Published: June 2018

The methods to achieve high performance vehicle displays are introduced. In order to achieve high contrast of wide viewing angle, the improvements include: a) the special function polarizer (POL), b) optical alignment process (OA), c) the optimal design of cell gap and d) a specific back light unit (BLU) film structure. Wide color gamut with high saturation is achieved by using the specially formulated light emitting diode (LED) with the specific color filter (CF). A special liquid crystal (LC) can help to come up to quick response time in wide temperature range.
P‐49: Design of New Gate Driver Circuit with Multiple‐Bootstrap Structure for Use in High‐Resolution Displays
Authors: Lin Chih-Lung , Deng Ming-Yang , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Lin Yu-Sheng
Published: June 2018

This work proposes a new gate driver circuit with a multiple‐bootstrap structure to improve the poor field‐effect mobility of thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The proposed circuit can shorten the falling time of output waveform without increasing the aspect ratio of driving TFT. The falling time of output waveform is improved by 24% compared to that of conventional gate driver circuit.
P‐51: A New Display System for 8K OLED TV Using 4K Timing Controllers
Authors: Kim Kyung-Rok , Kim Tae-Gung , Lee Byung-Jae , Noh Ju-Young , Kim Seung-Tae , Kim Bum-Sik , Jun Myung-chul , Kang In-Byeong
Published: June 2018

To drive 8K display system, it requires 4 times of information data processing than UHD (4K) Timing Controller (TCON). 8K display system is easy to use 4K TCONs because it is difficult to implement on one‐chip due to size issue. To drive conventional 8K LCD Display system, 4K TCON application was adopted. One master TCON was controlling the rest of 3 slave TCONs, and each 4K image data was able to express at the same time. However, multiple issues arise from when four of 4K TCONs are combined together. Thus, to solve the issues, display system to drive the 8K OLED TV panel using five control ICs is proposed.
P‐54: A Low‐Power Time‐Interleaving Analog Adder for Externally Compensated AMOLED/Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Qiu Hezi , Lu Wengao , Zhang Shengdong , Jiao Hailong
Published: June 2018

A novel time‐interleaving analog adder used in externally compensated AMOLED/Micro‐LED systems is proposed. With a specialized pipeline architecture, the analog adder achieves lower power consumption and higher precision of digital‐to‐analog conversion. The maximum output error of the analog adder is only 3 mV while the nonlinear error is 0.0735%.
P‐69: Optical Diode Effect for the Shutter Glass Application by Plasma‐Treated Surface
Authors: Jeong Jinyoung , Choi Hojin , Hyeon Seung-Guk , Lee Ji-Hoon
Published: June 2018

We proposed a method to obtain the optical diode effect of nematic liquid crystal by treating plasma to one of the substrates. The sample became bright stage when a positive electric field was applied, while it became dark state when a negative field was applied. The result can be used for the shutter glass application of the 3D displays.
77‐4: Tuning the CCT of White LEDs with an Active Color filter
Authors: He Ziqian , Chen Haiwei , Lee Yun-Han , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2018

A CCT‐tunable WLED using tunable color filters is demonstrated. The major advantages are simple device configuration, simple driving circuit, low voltage, low cost, and large CCT tuning range, which closely resembles the Planckian locus. This device is promising for next generation smart lighting applications.
77‐3: Development of CCT Tunable White LEDs for Circadian Lighting
Authors: Liu Jay Guoxu , Shen Chongyu , Shi Jianqing , Moon SJ , Sun Guoxi
Published: June 2018

With the color tunable nature of LED technology, luminaires now can change their spectral power distribution (SPD) to meet human centric lighting needs. These luminaires offer benefits that are not available by normal light sources, including adjustable to human circadian rhythm, improved health and well‐being, increased productivity, and enhanced mood or alertness. This paper presents a white‐tunable LED developed by combining white LED CSPs and blue LED chips on a COB package to achieve continuous CCT‐tuning from 5700K to 2700K. This configuration offers high power density, high color rendering, and good color uniformity comparing to other white tunable LEDs on the market.
P‐60: Analysis of Mura related to TFT Design
Authors: Mu Suzhen , Yang Tong , Rui Zhou , Lv Fengzhen , Ma Rui , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin
Published: June 2018

The positional overlap of the source/drain electrode with the active area of the TFT is identified as the root cause for the shift of the transfer curve. With increasing offset the off‐current decreases. Model simulations and experiments confirm that the offset should be kept below 1 µm.
73‐4: Tandem Red Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency over 34 %
Authors: Su Qiang , Zhang Heng , Xia Fengtian , Sun Xiao Wei , Chen Shuming
Published: June 2018

Quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) with tandem structures are expected to be one of the candidate technologies for next generation display due to their advantages of high efficiency and long lifetime. In this work, highly efficient tandem red QLEDs with current efficiency (CE) of 44.91 cd/A and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 30.10 % are successfully demonstrated by using inter‐connecting layer (ICL) based on Al/HATCN/MoO3. The efficiencies are further improved to 51.44 cd/A and 34.4 % by using the liquid metal EGaIn cathode. The developed ICL is stable and reproducible. The demonstrated tandem QLEDs, with high efficiency and long lifetime, would be promising candidates for next generation displays and lighting applications.
69‐3: Distinguished Paper: Development of Middle Size Full In‐Cell LCD Module for PC with IGZO
Authors: Hata Masayuki , Tanaka Kohei , Watanabe Takuya , Noma Mikihiro , Tagawa Akira , Yoshida Keisuke , Yamamoto Kaoru , Nagata Kosuke , Miyazaki Shinichi , Kitagawa Daiji
Published: June 2018

We developed the world's first middle size full in‐cell LCD for PC with IGZO technology. We evaluated a new Gate driver In Panel (GIP) structure with latch circuit and confirmed that there were no problems with display and touch panel (TP) performance. Furthermore, we did a feasibility study of higher display resolutions and larger size panels, which showed future possibilities.
P‐61: Investigation of IC Position for Reducing Chip‐on‐Glass Mura by Quantified Model
Authors: Jia Qian , You Jaegeon , Li Hongmin , Dong Zhifu , Wang Xinxing , Zhan Yucheng , Zhang Bin , Sun Xuefei , Xu Xiaona , Yao Jikai
Published: June 2018

The aim of this work is to identify the optimum position of the driver‐ICs on the panel, using finite element analysis and experiments with 10.1″ and 13.3″ panels. The mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion of the IC and anisotropic conductive bonding film and glass is considered as the major driver inducing thermal stress, substrate warpage, light leakage, and finally mura.
P‐62: The Process and Characteristic of new High Thickness Negative Photoresist
Authors: Zhang Jiaxiang , Wang Yanqiang , Tong Shuo , Zhou Yongshan , Feng Longqiang , Qing Yifeng , Lu Kai , Huang Dongsheng , Chen Si , Wang Wei
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the process and characteristic of a new kind of high thickness negative photoresist were studied. Through process optimization, the 60~110um height post spacer (PS) was achieved successfully in 5.5G production line. The PS morphology was in good condition and the elastic recovery rate could more than 90%.This paper also studied the influence on the PS at different dose quantity. The dose quantity had little influence on PS morphology, but a large effect on the elastic recovery rate. When the dose quantity was greater than 400mj, the elastic recovery rate could achieve the best state.
71‐3: A New Solution without Quantum Dots for LCD to Achieve More Than 90% BT.2020
Authors: Fan Jack , Hsiao Ken , Lee Yung-Jui. , Chien Ray Chang , Lee Chia-Yu. , Chen Shu-jhih
Published: June 2018

In this paper , by using the side‐emitting LED backlight with collimating lens and multilayer optical thin film color filter the LCD were successfully developed with Rosh‐compliant and to achieved more than 90% BT.2020 color gamut .The LED light source can use YAG phosphor or normal nitride RG phosphor without using quantum dots solution.
P‐63: Improving Peeling Force for Cover Glass Lamination to Display Panels
Authors: Hu Guanghua , Jin Lei , Jin Zhirong , Wang Xiaowen , You Min , Xu Cui , Jiang Zhanwang
Published: June 2018

The peeling force requirements are very strict for achieving high quality OCA, OCR full lamination. In this paper we report a detailed study of cover glass lamination including bonding force, surface energy treatments, UV curing direction, and adhesive layer design & properties.
70‐4: Higher‐Contrast and Lower‐Haze Transparent Screen Using Waving Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Yanai Yujiro , Arita Shusuke , Yamamoto Akira , Ishiguro Makoto , Nagai Michio , Takada Katsuyuki , Suga Yoichi , Ito Yoji
Published: June 2018

We have successfully developed a lowest haze transparent screen which can display higher contrast images than ever, by aligning waving cholesteric liquid crystals. Because the high contrast image is highly visible even in a bright environment, this could change signage and automotive industries.
69‐1: 43 Inch UHD Digital Kiosk System Using Advanced In‐cell Touch Technology
Authors: Jun Jaehun , Choi Yongwoo , Lee Hongju , Kang Hyeongwon , Shin Myungho , Hwang Juneyoun , Park Hyunkyu , Jang Kyungjin , Baek Jongsang
Published: June 2018

Proposed kiosk touch system adopts both the ultra‐high resolution (UHD) LCD display and the advanced in‐cell (AIT) touch scheme which uses the display common voltage plate as touch electrodes. In this kiosk system, a several touch performance limitations are occurred by the large display size and the long display driving time. The number of touch node is optimized in order to resolve the limitations. In addition, the cost of the kiosk system should be considered concurrently. As the number of touch electrode node decreases, the size of touch electrode increases. This increases the parasitic capacitance of touch electrode. To drive this large parasitic capacitance, the load free driving scheme has been adopted and the operation amplifier with both the high current driving ability and the low power dissipation has been also chosen. To deal with the transportation of a number of touch data, proposed bus type touch data interface is used between readout and algorithm operation block.
P‐67: High‐flatness OC Material for M+ Model applying Siloxane Binder
Authors: Jung HyeYoung , Hong SangPyo , Kang DongWoo , Choi YoungSeok , Kim HwanMyeong
Published: June 2018

LG Display produces M+ models which provide high brightness and lower electric consumption by applying R, G, B, and W pixel system. The M+ Models with four pixels, with White pixels added to the RGB structure with three RGB pixels, have various strengths in the product characteristics.

However, The M+ models have a disadvantage that it has to perform the White photo process once more than the RGB structure.

In this study, we have developed a highly planarizable Over coat material to reduce the process of the M+ Models, which can the same number of processes as the RGB structure, and over coat material with enhanced barrier, which is the main function of Over Coat
66‐2: Invited Paper: PixeLED Display for Transparent Applications
Authors: Liu Ying-Tsang , Liao Kuan-Yung , Lin Ching-Liang , Li Yun-Li
Published: June 2018

MicroLED display is an emerging technology with high brightness, wide color gamut, and high aperture ratio. In additional to traditional display applications, MicroLED display can be used for innovative display technology. Based on our proprietary PixeLED Display technology, we demonstrated transparent display as one possibility of many new applications.
63‐3: Real‐time Spatial‐based Projector Resolution Enhancement
Authors: Ma Avery , Gawish Ahmed , Lamm Mark , Wong Alexander , Fieguth Paul
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we present a method for real‐time projector resolution enhancement. Two low‐resolution sub‐images are sampled from each high‐resolution input image, and then pre‐distorted using a spatial enhancement kernel. When the sub‐images are projected with an offset, it produces an apparent high‐resolution reproduction of the original image.
67‐3: Invited Paper: Flexible Substrate Engineering to Enhance Bending Stability
Authors: Park Seongmin , Park Hyuk , Chung Yoonyoung
Published: June 2018

We propose a novel substrate structure to achieve excellent mechanical flexibility. Electronic components on a flexible substrate are affected by surface strain when bent. Our flexible substrate contains a strain‐absorbing layer that can effectively reduce the surface strain; thus, flexible devices can be more flexible with minimal electrical degradation.
68‐2: Invited Paper: Challenges for High‐Resolution AMOLED Displays
Authors: Peng DZ , Tseng ChangHo , Su Tsungyi
Published: June 2018

AMOLED continues to draw attention for the flat panel display because of its advantages over other displays. Higher resolution, smaller form factor and lower power consumption are three main requirements in the mobile displays, which need faster development and manufacturing capability to meet these requirements for AMOLED displays. In this presentation, Tianma would like to share the latest update to meet the market needs. Moreover, the risks and trade‐offs to reach a higher resolution OLED displays with full‐screen feature will also be addressed
64‐4: Manufacturing and Encapsulation Process of Bottom Gate Bottom Contact Thin‐Film Transistors with a Printed Oxide Semiconductor
Authors: Kammoun Nesrine , Krieg Yvonne , Ngaleu Guy Williams , Anselmann Ralf , Renner Gerhard , Fruehauf Norbert
Published: June 2018

We present bottom gate bottom contact staggered oxide semiconductor TFTs, manufactured by using an ink‐jet printed metal oxide semi‐conductor material from the company Evonik. The printed TFTs with optimized process and adjusted channel geometry present high charge carrier mobility values between 10 and 15 cm2/Vs and on/off current‐ratios of more than 106 . The maximum temperature used is 300 °C, which makes the process compatible with the display manufacturing. To achieve a more stable electric behavior and better threshold voltage homogeneity, mainly in the case of positive gate bias stress, we used a solution processed encapsulation to shield the device from the atmospheric effects. The encapsulated TFTs show a considerable stability improvement and present hence an attractive technology alternative for active matrix processes.
65‐1: Maximum Comfortable Luminance of Head Mounted Display under Various Surround Illuminances
Authors: Ha Hyeyoung , Kwak Youngshin , Kim Hyosun , Seo Young-jun , Lee Seungbae , Jo Sung-Chan
Published: June 2018

The comfortable luminance of Head Mounted Display (HMD) was investigated under four different surround illuminances. In the psychophysical experiment, participants adapted to the surround illuminance for five minutes and they were asked to answer whether HMD luminance is comfortable or not with the method of constant stimuli. The result demonstrates that the comfortable luminance is increased as the surround illuminance is increased, suggesting the needs of the adaptive luminance control of HMD.
P‐80: Analysis of the Light Diffraction through a LCD Panel of an Autostereoscopic Display
Authors: Hwang Seondeok , Kang Kihyung , Yang DaeKeun
Published: June 2018

The optical characterization of the crosstalk and the light diffraction caused by a LCD panel of an autostereoscopic display based on a parallax barrier or line light sources is examined. The diffraction phenomenon is verified and the crosstalk reduction is achieved at the prototype.
P‐83: Evaluation Scheme for Transparent Properties of AR See‐Through Eyewear Display
Authors: Oshima Kosei , Sano Hiroyuki , Uehara Shinichi , Oka Hisashi , Ishimoto Manabu , Sugawara Mitsuru , Sato Yoshitaka , Kurashige Makio , Tsurutani Katsutoshi , Hyodo Kei , Yamada Masayuki , Kondo Ryoji , Inoguchi Kazutaka , Wakemoto Hirofumi , Cho Michio , Ukai Ryuji , Ouchi Satoshi
Published: June 2018

For evaluating transparent properties of Augmented Reality (AR) see‐through eyewear display, considering actual environmental illumination and its influence, we established a measurement series consisting of the following methods: Transmittance, Colour shift, Front side stray light, Rear side stray light and Modulated transfer function (MTF), which use parallel and diffused light sources. Spectral data is useful for simulating the performance under various environments.
P‐85: Multiview Full‐Resolution Autostereoscopic Imaging with Alternating Polarization‐Coded Image Pairs: Front Active Amplitude Parallax Barrier and Rear Passive Polarization Parallax Barrier
Authors: Ezhov Vasily A.
Published: June 2018

The proposed autostereoscopic method allows to reproduce K view images (each with full‐screen resolution) in K observation zones with a K/2‐fold increase of a frame rate in compare with the standard 60 Hz frame rate (where K≥4). For example, the 4‐view stereoscopic flicker‐free image can be formed at 120 Hz (or the 8‐view image at 240 Hz) frame rate. The characteristic property of the layout is the performance of the image forming matrix with input light having two mutually orthogonal states of linear polarization.
65‐3: The Quantization of Cybersickness Level Using EEG and ECG for Virtual Reality Head‐Mounted Display
Authors: Lin Yi-Tien , Chien Yu-Yi , Wang Hsiao-Han , Lin Fang-Cheng , Huang Yi-Pai
Published: June 2018

Cybersickness is a critical problem of virtual reality (VR) applications. This study found an objective method to quantize the cybersickness level using the bio‐signals, including electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG). These results demonstrated a higher level of cybersickness caused power of gamma band (>32Hz) stronger and enhanced subjects' heart rate as well. The variations of these bio‐signals could be an indicator to quantize people's cybersickness level and be applied for a warning system for VR devices.
P‐91: Light Field Display Simulator for Experience and Quality Evaluation
Authors: Hamilton Matthew , Rumbolt Chuck , Butyn Thomas , Benoit Donovan , Lockyer Robert , Troke Matthew
Published: June 2018

We present a simulator for light field displays. This simulator operates in real‐time, allowing for VR‐based evaluation of display designs. This allows for rapid exploration of display parameters (e.g. angular and hogel resolution, field of view, etc.) and evaluation of artifacts from light field processing such as rendering.
P‐93: Optimization of Multi‐Projector Light‐Field Display Based on Convex Display Properties
Authors: Xiao Yi Teng , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: June 2018

An optimized convex multi‐projector light‐field display system is proposed. The effect of display curvature on the image are analyzed. The projector positions and viewing distances are discussed. A convex light‐field display is constructed based on the optimized parameters, and is compared with a planar counterpart to verify the enhancements.
61‐2: Weakening Micro‐Cavity Effects in White Top‐Emitting WOLEDs with Semitransparent Metal Top Electrode
Authors: Jiao Zhiqiang , Huang Qingyu , Zhan Hongsheng , Jin Xin , Wang Lu , Yuan Guangcai
Published: June 2018

Top emitting white organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs) hold great promise for high brightness and high resolution active matrix OLED displays. One key challenge of high‐performance top emitting WOLEDs is the availability of top electrodes with superior optical, electrical properties. Herein, we demonstrate the improvement of both electrical and optical properties of widely used metal electrode, which is achieved by co‐depositing a proper amount of magnesium (Mg) with silver (Ag) deposition with optimized deposition rate of both Mg and Ag. Corresponding WOLEDs are fabricated using this optimized 80Å thick Mg:Ag electrode, which show a 14.73% enhanced current efficiency at 10mA/cm2 compared to their 120Å thick Mg:Ag electrode counterparts. Also, the 80Å thick Mg:Ag based WOLEDs show close‐to‐identical emission spectra at different view angles and color shift.
62‐1: Invited Paper: HMI Concept For Autonomous Car
Authors: Drezet Hervé , Colombel Sébastien
Published: June 2018

Autonomous car is the next major step for automotive market to increase safety, comfort, fun to travel. Renault, the hundred twenty years old automotive company, has its own vision about autonomous car: the autonomous SYMBIOZ demo car illustrates Renault HMI concept.
62‐3: Invited Paper: Human Interface Design in Transition from Automated Driving to Manual Driving
Authors: Sato Toshihisa
Published: June 2018

This paper describes a human interface design concept of automated driving systems. Control authority while using the automated systems will be back to the driver due to the operational limitation of the automated systems of Level 2 and 3. The human interface design of the automated systems in the transition process is essential for enhancing the driver's acceptance of the information provided or the automated controls. In this study, we propose the interface design of the “Request to Intervene (RtI)” that is determined based on the difference between a driver capability and a task demand (contributed by the task‐capability interface model). This concept suggests that when the driver capability exceeds the task demand before the transition mode, the transition will be successfully completed; however, the control authority cannot return to the driver smoothly and comfortably if the task demand is higher than the driver capability. In this paper, occlusion method is introduced as an estimation method of the task demand while driving. Evaluation indices for applying to a driver monitoring system is introduced, which measures the driver capability while the automated system is active. Driving simulator experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between the driver capability and the task demand under manual drives.
P‐97: Optical Configuration of VR Systems for Slim and Light Head Mounted Displays
Authors: Jung Sung-Min , Lee Keong-Jin , Kim Sung-Woo , Kim Han-Seok , Kang Hoon , Lee Bu-Yeol , Yoon Soo-Young , Kang In-Byeong
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we proposed a new optical configuration achieving slim VR system by enlarging optical path length of light from the display surface in VR systems. Half mirror and polarization selective mirror are used as two mirror surfaces in order to enlarge the optical paths. By stacking the optical layers on the display panel, we obtained VR system having 1/3 slimmer thickness compared with conventional VR system. From the results, we verified that our optical configuration of slim VR system can reduce the thickness of entire VR system and enable the VR system to have slim and light design compared with the conventional VR system.
P‐101: Micro‐Optical Systems for Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Woodgate Graham J. , Harrold Jonathan
Published: June 2018

Since 2008 Optovate have been innovating in Micro‐LED technology and micro‐catadioptric optical systems for display and environmental lighting applications. Results are reported, for the first time, of early demonstrations of array extraction of GaN Micro‐LEDs onto a TFT substrate using a proprietary patterned laser lift‐off process. Techniques to overcome the unique tooling challenges of micro‐catadioptric arrays and example fabricated components are reported. New display implementations are presented that leverage the precise optical beam control of Micro‐LED catadioptric technology and include switchable privacy, outdoors and night mode directional displays; flexible HDR‐LCD backlights; and AR/VR and projection HUD display illumination.