bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Transfer Learning for Image Classification of Phosphorus Nutrition States in Individual Maize Leaves
Authors: Ramos-Ospina Manuela , Gómez Déniz Luis , Trujillo Carlos , Marulanda-Tobón Alejandro
Published: November 2023

Computer vision is a powerful technology that has enabled solutions in various fields by analyzing visual attributes in images. One field that has taken advantage of computer vision is agricultural automation, which promotes high-quality crop production. The nutritional status of a crop is a crucial factor in determining its productivity. This status is mediated by approximately 14 chemical elements acquired by the plant, and their determination plays a pivotal role in farm management. To address the timely identification of nutritional disorders, this study focuses on the classification of three levels of phosphorus deficiencies through individual leaf analysis. The methodological steps include: (1) generating a database with laboratory-grown maize plants that were induced to total phosphorus deficiency, medium deficiency, and total nutrition, using different capture devices; (2) processing the images with state-of-the-art transfer learning architectures (i.e. VGG16, ResNet50, GoogLeNet, DenseNet201, and MobileNetV2); and (3) evaluating the classification performance of the models using the created database. The results show that the VGG16 model achieves superior performance, with 98% classification accuracy. However, the other studied architectures also demonstrate competitive performance and are considered state-of-the-art automatic leaf deficiency detection tools. The proposed method can be a starting point to fine-tune machine vision-based solutions tailored for real-time monitoring of crop nutritional status.
Copper-Free Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with (Hetero)arylacetylenes in the Presence of Ppm Molar Loadings of [{Pd(OH)Cl(NHC)}2] Complexes. Hydrogen Chloride as a Coupling Product. Co-catalytic Effect of Water
Authors: Ostrowska Sylwia , Rogalski Szymon , Pietraszuk Cezary
Published: November 2023

Aryl chlorides and bromides in the presence of NHC palladium hydroxo dimers of the type [{Pd(µ-OH)Cl(NHC)}2] (where NHC = IPr, SIPr, IMes, SIMes) undergo an efficient and selective Sonogashira cross-coupling with terminal acetylenes. For the coupling of 4-chlorotoluene with phenylacetylene TON = 560000 was observed. The procedure enables high-throughput and selective synthesis of a broad spectrum of unsymmetrically substituted 1,2-diarylacetylenes. Nearly a quantitative amount of HCl was detected within cross-coupling products. Water plays the role of the base and is regenerated in the process so that it does not have to be used in stoichiometric amounts (relative to the limiting reactant). Generation of the active Pd(0) complex proceeds via ethanol oxidation.
Thermal-Mechanical Behaviour of Road-Embedded Wireless Charging Pads for EVs
Authors: Li Kai-Yeung , Allen Tom , Bickerton Simon , Kelly Piaras
Published: November 2023

Road-embedded inductive power transfer (IPT) systems have the potential to accelerate the electrification of the transportation sector. For these systems to be economically viable however, they need to have a similar durability and lifespan compared to that of asphalt roads. One area that has lacked investigation is thermally induced stresses in a primary IPT pad, which is caused by the increase in temperature of the pad when it is energized and the differing thermal expansion of the materials within. This paper presents an experimental and a finite-element based methodology for investigating the thermal-mechanical behaviour of a ¼-scale double-D pad, which was energized while suspended in air, as well as energized when embedded in pavement. A focus was placed on the measurement and prediction of strains in the magnetic ferrite cores because of their brittleness. Ferrite strains were measured using a combination of resistive strain gauges and non-metallic Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. Coupled electromagnetic-thermal-structural simulations were conducted to predict temperature and strains in the system, with temperature-dependent properties obtained through physical testing. At an ambient temperature of 50°C, the temperature in the middle of the copper litz wire coil was predicted to be 100°C in both the suspended and embedded case. There was excellent correlation to experimental results, with a difference of less than 10% for most temperature measurements. When energized, the pad was predicted to experience an upward bow due to its temperature rise, resulting bending strains in the ferrite cores. At an ambient temperature of 50°C, maximum tensile strain in the ferrites of the embedded pad was measured to be 62 microstrain (με), with a root-mean square error that was 18 με across three sensors. The experimental and validated numerical methodology can be applied to full-scale operational IPT pads to analyse and improve their thermal-mechanical performance.
A New Model of Bubble Migration Velocity in Deep Water Wellbore Considering Hydrate Phase Transition
Authors: Zhao* Xinxin , Yin Faling , Yao Haiyuan , Qi Yaqiang , Cao Xin
Published: November 2023

Mass transfer and phase transition have important effect on the velocity of bubble migration in deepwater wellbore, and accurate prediction of bubble migration velocity is crucial for calculating the safe shut-in period of deepwater oil and gas well. Therefore, the effect of bubble dissolution mass transfer and hydrate phase transition on bubble migration behavior in deepwater environment have attracted extensive attention from researchers in the fields of energy, marine chemistry, and marine engineering safety. In this work, a new model of bubble migration velocity in deepwater is developed, which considers the effect of hydrate phase transition and gas-water bidirectional cross-shell mass transfer during bubble migration. Based on the observation data of bubble migration in deepwater, the reliability of the model in predicting bubble migration velocity is verified. Then, the model is used to calculate and analyze the bubble migration velocity and bubble migration cycle under different initial bubble size, different annular fluid viscosity and density. The results show that the initial size of bubble and the viscosity of annulus fluid are the main factors affecting the migration velocity of bubble, but the density of annulus fluid has little effect on the migration velocity of hydrated bubble and clean bubble. In addition, the migration velocity of clean bubble gradually increases during the migration process from the bottom to the wellhead, while the migration velocity of hydrated bubble is divided into gradually decreasing stage and slowly increasing stage. The gas consumption and the thickening of hydrate shell in the gradually decreasing stage play a dominant role, and the increase of bubble volume caused by the decrease of pressure in the slowly increasing stage is the most important factor. The formation of hydrated bubble can significantly reduce the migration velocity of bubble and effectively prolong the safe shut-in period. This study provides a reference for quantitative description and characterization of complex bubble migration behavior with phase change and mass transfer in deepwater environment.
The Impact of 8 Weeks Supplementation with Fermented and Non-Fermented Aronia Berry Pulp on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Christiansen Christine B , Jeppesen Per Bendix , Hermansen Kjeld , Gregersen Søren
Published: November 2023

Aronia berries contain antioxidants that may have health promoting properties e.g., demonstrated positive effects on hypertension and dyslipidemia. There is a close link between cardiovascular diseases and hypertension and dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death among subjects with T2D. Thus, we investigated the effect of 8 weeks supplementation with fermented aronia extract (FAE), non-fermented aronia extract (AE) and placebo on cardiovascular risk factors. The extracts were incorporated into snack bars containing 34 g (37%) aronia extract, or 17 g (21%) wheat bran for placebo, as well as raisins and coconut oil. The study was randomized and blinded with a triple-cross-over design. We examined the effects of aronia extracts on blood pressure, adiponectin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein and found no effects. After supplementation with placebo, there were significantly higher total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol, with the placebo group showing significantly higher increases in total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol than the FAE group. Furthermore, we observed an increase in HDL-cholesterol in the AE group and an increase in triglyceride in the FAE group. Thus, we assume that raisins may have increased the participants’ cholesterol levels, however, with both AE and FAE having the potential to prevent this increase.
Different Pre-Harvest Diseases in Garlic and Their Eco-Friendly Management Strategies
Authors: Anum Hadiqa , Cheng Ruifeng , Tong Yuxin
Published: November 2023

Background: Garlic primarily reproduces through vegetative propagation using seed cloves due to infrequent sexual reproduction by true seeds. Growers encounter challenges with pathogens due to the larger size and vegetative nature of seed cloves, as well as the storage conditions conducive to fungal growth. Some Phyto-pathogenic fungi, previously unrecognized as garlic infections, can remain latent within bulb tissues long after harvest. Although outwardly healthy, these infected bulbs may develop rot under specific conditions.
Aim of Review: Planting diseased seed cloves can contaminate field soil, with some fungal and bacterial infections persisting for extended periods. The substantial size of seed cloves makes complete eradication of deeply ingrained infections difficult, despite the use of systemic fungicides during pre-planting and post-harvest phases. Additionally, viruses, resistant to fungicides, persist in vegetative material. They are prevalent in much of the garlic used for planting and their host vectors are difficult to eliminate. To address these challenges, tissue culture techniques are increasingly employed to produce disease-free planting stock.
Key Scientific Concepts of Review: This review delves into crucial scientific aspects related to garlic propagation and health. Garlic primarily reproduces through vegetative propagation using seed cloves, facing challenges due to their large size and susceptibility to fungal infections. Some fungal pathogens, recently identified as garlic threats, remain dormant within bulbs long after harvest, potentially causing rot under specific conditions. Planting infected seed cloves can introduce pathogens into the soil, where they may persist. Deeply ingrained infections can be challenging to eradicate due to the size of seed cloves. Additionally, viruses persist in garlic seeds and spread through their carrier vectors, unaffected by fungicides. To address these issues, tissue culture techniques offer a promising approach to produce disease-free garlic planting material. This review explores these concepts, emphasizing the importance of producing disease-free garlic seeds and strategies for mitigation.
Optimization of In-Situ Formation of a TiC Nanohybrid by Mechanical Alloying Using Stearic Acid and CNTs as Carbon Sources
Authors: Camacho-Ríos María Luisa , Herrera-Pérez Guillermo , Ruiz Esparza-Rodríguez Marco Antonio , Pérez-Bustamante Raúl , García-Herrera John Edison , Lardizabal-Gutiérrez Daniel , Betancourt-Cantera José Antonio
Published: November 2023

The current work shows the optimization in the preparation of nanosized titanium carbide (TiC) in-situ through mechanical alloying (MA). Metallic titanium (Ti) powders, along with two carbon sources, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and stearic acid (SA), were used to reduce the particle size using a high-energy Spex800 mill. The combined use of 2 wt % of these carbon sources and n-heptane as a liquid process control agent (PCA) proved crucial in generating nanoscale powder composites through a simple and scalable synthesis process within a 4-hour timeframe. The use of 20 wt % of both carbon sources was compared to determine the ability of CNTs to form carbides and the decomposition of PCAs during mechanical milling. The result reveals structures like nanoblocks and nanolumps with and important size reduction. The structure and morphology of the composites and starting materials were evaluated through x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Pro-environment Behavior, Climate Change Perception, Anxiety, Hope and Despair according to Political Orientation
Authors: Leite Ângela , Lopes Diana , Pereira Linda
Published: November 2023

The main objective of this paper is to assess pro-environmental behavior, climate change perception, anxiety, hope and despair in different political orientations. Specific aims included to validate all the instruments; to assess whether the factor structure of the scales were valid across political orientations; to evaluate their reliability; to assess differences concerning age, gender and political orientation; to know the variables that explain pro-environment behavior; and to evaluate the moderating role of climate change perception, despair and hope in the relationship between climate change anxiety and pro-environmental behavior. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFAs), multi-group CFAs (to measurement invariance), multiple linear regressions and moderations were performed. Results showed that pro-environment behavior and climate change hope achieved the four levels of invariance across different political orientations; climate change anxiety achieved the three first levels of invariance; climate change perception and climate change despair achieved configural invariance. Climate change anxiety personal experience, climate change perception total, reality and consequences present higher values in left political orientation that in right or center. Climate change anxiety variables contribute most to explaining pro-environmental behaviors. Hope, despair and climate change perception consequences moderate de relationship between climate change anxiety and pro-environment behavior. These results open up new avenues of investigation, namely, to understand why high levels of anxiety lead to more pro-environment al behaviors.
Relationship of BMI with COVID-19
Authors: Coelho Patricia , Martins Manuel , Gavinhos Catarina , Liberal Joana , Cabral Ema , Ribeiro Inês , Rodrigues Francisco José Barbas
Published: November 2023

Body mass index has been studied as one of the factors that negatively influences COVID-19. In this work we intend to analyze this influence. A representative sample of the population of Beira Interior was used (around 2%), to which immunity research and a socio-demographic survey were carried out. It was found that obesity influences the vaccination rate, and all other variables analyzed were not influenced by the body mass index.
Assessing Shrub Patch Characteristics and Soil Nutrient Distribution Patterns of Four Typical Alpine Shrub Plants in the Eastern Qilian Mountains
Authors: Jinmei Zhao , Adu Benjamin , Jingnan Wang , Yuhang Fan
Published: November 2023

. Shrub patches influence soil fertility and vegetation, impacting species composition and diversity. The Eastern Qilian Mountains' unique context provides insights into alpine ecosystems' response to environmental challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics and soil nutrient contents of shrub patches for four different shrub species. Four alpine shrub species (Salix oritrepha, Spiraea alpina, Rhododendron capitatum, and Potentilla fruticose) were studied, assessing their patch characteristics and soil nutrients at different depths within three patch microsites. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate differences among shrub species and locations within the shrub patches. Our results showed that the shrub species exhibited variations in patch characteristics and soil nutrient distribution. Soil nutrient content varied by depth and location within the shrub patches, with higher concentrations at the center. The relative interaction intensity (RII) showed nutrient aggregation or dispersion trends. The study highlighted the complex interactions between shrub characteristics and soil nutrients, emphasizing their influence on nutrient cycling, vegetation dynamics, and soil properties. These findings contribute to our understanding of alpine ecosystem dynamics and inform conservation and management strategies.
How Professional and Market Logics and the Conflict Between Institutional Demands Affect Hospital Accreditation Compliance
Authors: Silva Tiago Martins Ramos da , Rossoni Luciano
Published: November 2023

Hospital accreditation has become ubiquitous in developing countries. Although studies recognize that accreditation can improve healthcare quality, efficiency, and safety, there are doubts about how hospitals deal with conflicts caused by the different institutional logics that inhabit this process. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how professional and market logics, as well as the conflict between institutional demands, affect compliance with hospital accreditation. To this end, we developed a multiple case study in four Brazilian hospitals through in-depth interviews and on-site observation. The triangulation between the analysis of the narratives and the results of the multiple correspondence analysis showed that when professional logic is prominent, there is a greater tendency to customize activities, as there are conflicts in the means by which activities can be developed. When market logic stands out, there is a risk of non-conformity, mainly because the focus falls exclusively on goals. Finally, the data point to the absence of conflicts between justifications related to efficiency and legitimacy. We conclude the study by highlighting the theoretical and practical implications of recognizing the conflict between logics.
Evaluation of Bio-Oils in Terms of Fuel Properties
Authors: Stelmach Sławomir , Ignasiak Karina , Czardybon Agata , Bigda Joanna
Published: November 2023

In response to global climate challenges and the increasing demand for energy, exploring renewable energy alternatives has become crucial. Bio-oils, derived from biomass pyrolysis, are emerging as potential replacements for fossil fuel-based liquid fuels. This paper shares findings from the Institute of Energy and Fuel Processing Technology on the quality of crude biomass pyrolysis bio-oil samples. These findings highlight their potential as motor liquid fuels. The article details the results of tests on the physicochemical properties of four distinct bio-oil samples. Additionally, it presents preliminary test results on the hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oils in a batch reactor. The production of homogeneous, stable mixtures using other fuel additives, such as diesel oil, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), and butanol, is also discussed.
Random Walks Based Node Centralities to Attack Complex Networks
Authors: Turchetto Massimiliano , Bellingeri Michele , Alfieri Roberto , Khan Ngoc-Kim-Khanh , Nguyen Quang , Cassi Davide
Published: November 2023

Investigating the network response to node removal and the efficacy of the node removal strategies are related and fundamental questions in network science. Research studies proposed many node centralities based on the network structure ranking node to remove. The random walk (RW) on networks describes a stochastic process in which a walker travels among nodes. RW can be a model of transport, diffusion, and search on networks, and an essential tool for studying the importance of network nodes.
In this manuscript, we propose four new measures of node centrality based on RW. Then, we compare the efficacy of the new RW node removal strategies to network dismantle with effective node removal strategies from the literature, such as betweenness and closeness node removal over synthetic and real-world networks. We evaluate the network dismantle along node removal using the size of the largest connected component (LCC).
We find that, hence the betweenness nodes attack is the best strategy overall, the new node removal strategies based on RW show the highest efficacy in peculiar network topology. Specifically, RW strategies based on covering times emerge as the most effective strategy on a synthetic lattice network and two real-world road networks. Our results may be useful in selecting the best node attack strategies in a specific class of networks and in building more robust network structures.
Analogical Visuospatial Matrix Reasoning, Verbal Relational Reasoning, Verbal IQ and Memory Relationships with Maths and Science: A Behavioural and fMRI Study
Authors: Gountas Ioannis John , Moraes Marcela
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no research that combines behavioural and fMRI research approaches to investigate the mediating and moderating effects of working memory, verbal IQ, visuospatial and verbal reasoning on students’ performance of maths and science. This paper investigates all these multiple relationships between working memory (WM), verbal IQ, visuospatial and verbal reasoning with performance in maths and science accuracy. The multimethod research consists of a behavioural survey and a fMRI neuroscience investigating the interactive and multiple relationships of all cognitive processing independent variables (IVs) with the dependent variables (DVs) of maths and science performance. Using structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Warp Partial Least Squares (Warp PLS) analytical approach, the research discusses the findings of both, the behavioural and fMRI data. The adolescent sample (N=34) for the behavioural and fMRI study, was recruited from consenting schools in London, UK, and consisted of equal numbers of girls and boys between 11-15 years old. The hypothesised behavioural SEM model predicted positive relationships between all the independent variables (IV) of visuospatial matrix reasoning (VSMatAR), verbal analogical reasoning (VerbAR), verbal working memory (VWM), visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and verbal IQ, with performance in maths and science accuracy. The findings support all hypotheses except two and identifies verbal IQ, Verbal WM and VerbAR as the three strongest predictors of maths and science accuracy. The neuroscience fMRI data identified four brain regions of interest, namely, the bilateral DLPFC, Parietal, Temporal and pre-supplementary motor area (PSMA) as being most relevant to maths and science outcomes. The hypothesised fMRI SEM, produced mixed results which supported some of the hypothesised relationships between the IVs of verbal AR and VSMatrix AR associations with all four brain regions and in turn the associations with maths and science performance. The paper makes two original contributions, firstly, by testing the hypothesis that Verbal WM mediates the independent variables’ effects on maths and science outcomes. And secondly, by using Warp PLS to test the SEM (behavioural and fMRI) models’ multiple non-linear interactions simultaneously between the IVs with the DVs of maths and science accuracy. The Warp PLS testing of all IVs and DVs produced some interesting new insights regarding the relationships between Verbal analogical reasoning, which are deemed important to assist academics and educational practitioners in improving maths and science performance of adolescent students. The combination of behavioural and neuroscience fMRI data provides more reliable empirical evidence regarding the multiple interactive influences impacting maths and science performance for adolescents.
Pathogenic Biofilm Removal Potential of Wild-Type Lacticaseibacillus Rhamnosus Strains
Authors: Mitropoulou Gregoria , Kompoura Vasiliki , Nelios Grigorios , Kourkoutas Yiannis
Published: November 2023

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance remains one of the greatest public health concerns. Biofilm formation has been postulated as a mechanism of microbial pathogens to resist antimicrobial agents. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites have been proposed to combat bacterial biofilms, due to their antimicrobial activity. In this vein, the aim of the present study was to investigate the biofilm removal potential of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of five wild-type Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LAB strains, isolated from Greek natural products, in comparison to the commercial available L. rhamnosus GG strain, formed by common foodborne pathogens (Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus). Biofilm removal activity of LAB was assessed on two-days mature biofilm using a microtiter plate-based procedure. Both non-neutralized and neutralized CFSs removed biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner. Biofilm removal activity of the non-neutralized CFSs was significantly higher compared to the neutralized CFSs, as expected, ranging 40 – 90% and 10 – 78%, respectively. Biofilm removal efficiency of L. rhamnosus OLXAL-3 was signifanctly higher among the wild-type L. rhamnosus strains tested (20 – 100% v/v). In conclusion, our results suggested the great potential of application of wild-type Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strains CFSs as effective natural agents against pathogenic bacterial biofilms.
Effect of the Consumption of Vitamin C, D3, CA Supplements and Olive Paste Enriched with Mountain Tea on Bone Metabolism Indices in Postmenopausal Women with Increased Osteoporosis’ Risk: A Prospective Interven-Tional Study
Authors: Konstantinidi Melina , Stoupi Stavroula , Anastasiou Ioannis , Nikolaos Vlachos , Tsakotos George , Koutelidakis Antonios E.
Published: November 2023

(1) Background : Low dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin C and magnesium has been associated with increased risk of osteoposrosis. The purpose was to evaluate changes in biomarkers of bone metabolism, and cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal women, with high risk of osteoporosis, followed by a nutritional intervention program. (2) Method: It was a prospective randomized controlled trial. A sample of 115 apparently healthy postmenopausal women(45 -75 years of age) randomized into four groups: (I) nutritional intervention group(n=40) received daily 1000mg vitamin C, 500mg vitamin D3, 500mg calcium(Ca) and 300mg magnesium (Mg); (II) control group(n=42) received daily 500mg vitamin D3, 500mg Ca and 300mg Mg; (III) nutritional intervention group (n=18) received daily 150mg bisphosphonates, 500mg vitamin D3, 500mg Ca and 300mg Mg; and (IV) nutritional intervention group (n=15) received daily about 364 mg polyphenols via an innovative functional food (50g olive paste enriched with mountain tea extract) along with 500mg vitamin D3, 500mg Ca and 300mg Mg. Groups I -III received supplementation for a year whereas group IV for 5 months. Changes in calciregulatory hormone parathormone (PTH) were evaluated at the beginning of the study as well as at 5 and 12 months intervals. Blood levels of vitamin D, vitamin C, Ca, Mg and the lipid profile were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Anthropometric indices (weight, body fat(Kg), Body Mass Index(BMI) and bone mineral density(BMD) were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM-SPSS Statistics-21. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. (3) Results: 25(OH)D3 levels were improved, in groups II, III and IV (+3,71% and +1.45% and +5.62% respectively). PTH levels were increased at the end of the intervention period, for groups I and IV. Significant positive changes recorded, in total BMD, in all four study groups. Significant beneficial changes for total cholesterol was observed in group IV (-2.07%, P<0.05) and positive changes in group I for HDL biomarker (+61.62%, P<0.05) (4) Conclusions:. Additional larger-scale clinical trials and intervention studies are considered essential, in order to fully investigate and elucidate associations between dietary components and biochemical indices of bone metabolism.
Trends of Infective Endocarditis at Two Teaching Hospitals: A 12-Year Retrospective Cohort Study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Damasco Paulo Vieira , Solórzano Victor Edgar Fiestas , Fortes Natália Rodrigues Querido , Setta Daniel Xavier de Brito , Fonseca Aloysio Guimaraes da , Perez Mario Castro Alvarez , Jazbick João Carlos , -Oliveira Jonathan Gonçalves , Horta Marco Aurélio Pereira , Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio de , Fortes Claudio Querido
Published: November 2023

Background: Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the incidence and mortality of infective endocarditis (IE) have increased in recent decades despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Studies on the risk factors for mortality in endocarditis in Latin America are scarce. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 240 patients diagnosed with IE according to the modified Duke criteria who were admitted to two university hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from January 2009 to June 2021. Poisson regression analysis was performed for trend tests. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of predictors of in-hospital mortality. Findings: The median age was 55 years (IQR: 39-66 years), 57% were male, and 41% had a Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score > 3. Healthcare-associated infective endocarditis (54%), left-sided native valve IE (77.5%), and staphylococcal IE (26%) predominated. Overall in-hospital mortality was 45.8%, and mortality was significantly higher in the following patients: aged ≥ 60 years (53%), CCI score ≥ 3 (60%), healthcare-associated infective endocarditis (HAIE) (53%), left-sided IE (51%), and enterococcal IE (67%). Poisson regression analysis showed no trend in in-hospital mortality per year. The adjusted multivariate model determined that age ≥ 60 years was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality (HR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.2-3.1; p = 0.008). Interpretation: In this 12-year retrospective cohort, there was no evidence of an improvement in survival in patients with IE. Since older age is a risk factor for mortality, consensus is needed for the management of IE in this group of patients.
Forest Communities Spatial Modeling as a Basis for Assessing the Sequestration Potential of Ecosystems (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia)
Authors: Gafurov Artur , Prokhorov Vadim , Kozhevnikova Maria , Usmanov Bulat
Published: November 2023

For the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia), a spatial model of forest communities was built as a basis for assessing the sequestration potential of ecosystems. Combination of multi-temporal and multi-spectral satellite imagery from the Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 platform as input data and Google Earth Engine cloud platform were used. The set of 292 vegetation indices and metrics computed from the pre-processed imagery, were combined into dataset. The Weka X-Means clustering algorithm was trained and applied to study area. The unsupervised classification was carried out by vegetation classes in the Braun-Blanquet system. The results of unsupervised classification were verified using data from more than 17,000 relevés with geographic references from the Flora database. For automatic classification, the EuroVeg Checklist expert system in the JUICE 7.1 package was used. The proposed methodology for obtaining initial data and unsupervised classification, supported by an automated expert system, made it possible to obtain a picture of the vegetation distribution in the study area with sufficient accuracy, and in the future, it will be used to assess the sequestration potential of the ecosystems of the region under study.
The Atrioventricular Conduction Axis Revisited for the 21st Century
Authors: Sánchez-Quintana Damián , Cook Andrew C. , Macías Yolanda , Spicer Diane E , Anderson Robert H
Published: November 2023

Although first described in the final decade of the 19th century, the axis responsible for atrioventricular conduction has long been the source of multiple controversies. Some of these continue to reverberate. When first described by His, for example, many doubted the existence of the bundle we now name in his honour, while Kent suggested that multiple pathways crossed the atrioventricular junctions in the normal heart. It was Tawara who clarified the situation, although many of his key definitions have not universally been accepted. In key studies in the third decade of the 20th century, Mahaim then suggested the presence of ubiquitous connections that provided "paraspecific" pathways for atrioventricular conduction. In this review, we show the validity of these original investigations, based on our own experience with a large number of datasets from human hearts prepared by serial histological sectioning. Using our own reconstructions, we show how the atrioventricular conduction axis can be placed back within the heart. We emphasise that newly emerging techniques will be key in providing the resolution to map cellular detail to the gross evidence provided by the serial sections
Проекционно-характеристический метод третьего порядка для решения уравнения переноса на неструктурированных сетках
Authors: Аристова Елена Николаевна , Aristova Elena Nikolaevna , Астафуров Глеб Олегович , Astafurov Gleb Olegovich
Published: November 2023

Проведено численное исследование порядка сходимости проекционно-характеристического метода СРР (Cubic Polynomial Projection) для решения трехмерного стационарного уравнения переноса на неструктурированных тетраэдральных сетках.
Метод основан на характеристическом подходе к решению уравнения переноса,
имеет минимальный шаблон в рамках одного тетраэдра и высокий (третий) порядок аппроксимации. Отправной схемой была одномерная схема на основе эрмитовой кубической интерполяции СIР (Cubic Interpolation Polynomial). В отличие от
классических интерполяционно-характеристических методов в предлагаемом методе итоговый результат строится не на основе интерполяционных операторов того
или иного порядка аппроксимации, а на основе операторов ортогонального проектирования на используемое для приближения решения функциональное пространство. Использование интерполяционных операторов зачастую рассчитано на применение к достаточно гладким функциям. Однако даже при наличии у точного решения достаточной гладкости некоторые типы освещенности тетраэдров приводят
к появлению негладких сеточных решений. Переход к ортогональным проекторам
решает две проблемы: во-первых, проблему появления угловых направлений, компланарных с гранями ячеек, и, во-вторых, проблему возникновения негладких численных решений в гранях сетки. Результат сопоставлен с теоретическими оценками, впервые полученными одним из авторов этой работы. Показан третий порядок
сходимости метода при условии достаточной гладкости решения и близком к постоянному коэффициенте поглощения в ячейках.
CALENDAR FOR PLANTING SEAWEED EUCHEUMA SP. IN MALLASORO BAY, JENEPONTO DISTRICT, BASED ON LANDSAT-8 IMAGES
Authors: Amran Muhammad Anshar , Niartiningsih Andi , Faizal Ahmad , Rasyid Abdul , Muhiddin Amir Hamzah , Arifin Isnaeni
Published: November 2023

Seaweed cultivation activities in Jeneponto Regency have been practised for a long time and have become the main livelihood for most of the Mallasoro Bay community. In cultivating seaweed, obstacles often arise in the form of failures experienced by seaweed farmers or poor-quality yields. This study was aimed to develop alternative planting calendars for Eucheuma sp. in Mallasoro Bay, Jeneponto Regency based on sea surface temperature and distribution of chlorophyll-a obtained from Landsat-8 imagery. Image Processing Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a were processed using ENVI 4.8 AND 5.3 software, the satellite images used were clean and without cloud disturbance. In this study, data analysis was carried out descriptively. The water temperature that is good for seaweed growth is 27-30˚C, for Mallasoro Bay Sea Surface Temperature which is suitable for seaweed cultivation, namely April, May, June, July, August, September, October and November. While the classification is based on the criteria for chlorophyll-a trophic status in marine waters, namely the range < 1 mg/L is classified as Oligotrophic, ≥ 1–3 mg/L is classified as Mesotrophic, ≥ 3–5 mg/L is classified as Eutrophic, and > 5 mg/L is classified as Hypertrophic. , from the results of image analysis for the distribution of chlorophyll-a in Mallasoro Bay, it shows that Mallasoro Bay is at the Mesotrophic level throughout the year or the fertility level of the waters is quite fertile because it is in the range of ≥ 1–3 mg/L. so that a seaweed planting calendar can be obtained in Mallasoro Bay, namely in January, February and December, preparation of tools such as cleaning and repair of seaweed planting tools can be carried out, then at the end of March, the end of May, the end of July and the end of September, the procurement of seaweed seeds is carried out. , in early April, early June, early August, and early October, seaweed seeds can be spread, then in mid-May, mid-July, mid-September, and mid-November, harvesting can be carried out, so that seaweed cultivation can be carried out 4 times in one year. cycle.
Plastic Optical Fiber as Water-Level Sensor
Authors: Waluyo Bakti Dwi , Rambey Joni Syafrin , Rahman S Muhammad Aulia
Published: November 2023

This research presents a low-cost sensor for measuring liquid levels using plastic optical fibers (POF). The sensor reduces the scattering-based optical losses in the fiber, which increase linearly with the liquid height. A U-bent fiber probe and photodetector are used to detect the change in optical intensity. The U-bent probe serves as a test probe for measuring the liquid level. The voltage response difference of the photodetector provides liquid level measurement. This study demonstrates the sensor's responsiveness to liquid level fluctuations above 55 cm at varying temperatures. Sensitivity levels of 1.4 and 3.3 mV/mm were achieved for water level fluctuations below and above 45 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated consistently stable responsiveness over multiple cycles.
Translanguaging on ELT Writing Classroom During National Students' Exchange: Perceptions and Practices
Authors: Styati Erlik Widiyani , Irawati Lulus
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is investigating translanguaging perception and practices on ELT writing classrooms during national students' exchange. It is to identify the perception and to determine the practices of translanguaging on students’ writing. This study used a survey design of quantitative research in nature. The survey involved 24 EFL students consisting of 23 females and 1 male who come from various universities in Indonesia. Those EFL students as the participants were assigned to fill the closed and open questionnaire about their perception of language choice in writing. There are 15 closed statements and 5 open statements in the questionnaire. Besides that, writing test was also used to know the practices of translanguaging. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis, in order to find a general description of the research data. The results show that the perceptions are classified into language choice, language brokering, and the use of translanguaging. The practices of translanguaging on students’ writing show that the average score of the students’ writing is 76 based on the indicators of the students’ writing which are measured based on the aspects of written production of content, organization, grammar, mechanics, and vocabulary. It indicates that translanguaging can help the students achieve the target of writing in English. Translanguaging also assists students in learning English, making meaning, and being more active in class during classroom activities. Students can talk about topics more freely, which helps them express themselves in their writing.
A Workflow for Interpretation of Fracture Characteristics Based on Digital Outcrop Models: A Case Study on Ebian XianFeng Profile in Sichuan Basin
Authors: Liang Bo , Liu Yuangang , Su Zhexian , Zhang Naidan , Li Shaohua , Feng Wenjie
Published: November 2023

Collecting information about fracture attributes through outcrops measurement is crucial for analyzing the scale, distribution, orientation, and spatial arrangement of fractures. The emergence of digital outcrop models (DOMs) provides a new technology for quantitative interpretation of fractures. However, large-scale DOMs pose additional challenges to the practical application, particularly in the interpretation of geological elements (e.g. fractures). This research proposes a workflow for fracture characteristics interpretation based on DOMs. First, DOMs are generated using light detection and ranging scanning technology. Then, a 3D visualization platform is developed based on OpenSceneGraph. We use level-of-detail technology to reconstruct DOMs for multiscale fast visualization of large-scale models. Finally, in order to realize the quantitative interpretation of fractures, we propose the best-plane fitting and the feature information (orientation, length, spacing, etc.) extraction methods for two types of fractures (exposed fracture walls and fracture traces). The proposed methods are applied to extract attributes of fractures in Dengying Formation (second member), Ebian, Xianfeng, southwest Sichuan Basin, China. The results provide the basis for reservoir evaluation in this area.
An exploratory modelling and analysis protocol for identifying robust policy mixes for clean energy transitions: An exploratory analysis for Mexico
Authors: Castrejon-Campos Omar , Aye Lu , Hui Felix Kin Peng , Vaz-Serra Paulo
Published: November 2023

This protocol presents a systematic approach for conducting exploratory modelling and analysis (EMA) to identify robust policy mixes for clean energy transitions. It explores the effects of diverse policy alternatives and multiple uncertainties within energy transitions through computational experiments. The protocol comprises diverse steps, including Decision Framing, Policy Alternatives Generation, Experiment Setting, Performing Experiments, Policy Alternatives Analysis, Performance Metrics Analysis, and Medium and Long-term Policy Analysis. It also integrates analytical sub-processes such as Policy Objectives Analysis, Feature Scoring, Robustness Analysis, Vulnerability Analysis, and Trade-off Analysis. The effectiveness of this protocol is demonstrated through its successful implementation in Mexico. Targeted at researchers, policymakers, and energy analysts, it offers a comprehensive method for in-depth exploration of the potential effects of diverse policy alternatives and multiple uncertainties within energy systems. While acknowledging that the duration of completion depends on available computational resources, it provides a detailed approach to conducting EMA for energy transitions.
Effects of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes on Cognitive Functions
Authors: Sen Gulin Alkan , tanrıkulu seher , beşer birsu , akçakalem şükriye , çakır sibel , Dinççağ nevin
Published: November 2023

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the effect of glycemic impairment in prediabetes on cognitive impairment, and the impact of glycemic control on cognitive function in patients with diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This age- and sex-matched case-control study included a total of 80 individuals: 20 patients with prediabetes, 20 patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (HbA1C<%7.5), 20 patients with poorly controlled T2DM (HbA1C >% 7.5), and 20 healthy controls.
Results: The poorly controlled T2DM patients performed significantly worse than controls and patients with prediabetes in the verbal memory process test (p = 0.041). In Trail Making Test B, the well-controlled and poorly-controlled groups with diabetes performed significantly worse (p = 0.015) than patients with prediabetes and controls, and in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), all three patient groups performed significantly worse (p = 0.007) than controls.
Conclusion: T2DM causes early brain aging and declines cognitive functions since the prediabetic stage. Poor glycemic control in T2DM patients contributes to cognitive impairments, especially in learning.
Lymphoid Organs’ Metabolism and its Role in Predicting the Outcomes of Patients with Malignant Melanoma Treated with Immunotherapy – an Exploratory Study
Authors: De Rimini Maria Luisa , Bianchi Andrea , Annovazzi Alessio , D'Arienzo Davide , Valente Tullio , Sciuto Rosa , Traglia Silvia Di , Nappi Anna Giulia , Ferrari Cristina , Rubini Giuseppe , Panareo Stefano , Urso Luca , Bartolomei Mirco , Aricò Demetrio , Bombaci Michelangelo , Caponnetto Domenica , Gusella Sara , Spimpolo Alessandro , Carriere Cinzia , Balma Michele , Buschiazzo Ambra , Gallicchio Rosj , Storto Giovanni , Filippi Luca , Evangelista Laura
Published: November 2023

Background.
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT parameters of lymphoid organs and their association with clinical outcomes in melanoma patients undergoing immunotherapy.
Materials and methods.
Ninety-two consecutive patients with malignant melanoma were enrolled in the study. Patients underwent serial 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT scans at baseline (PET0), 6 months (PET1), 18 months (PET2), and 36 months after starting immunotherapy. Visual and semiquantitative analyses were performed by two experienced nuclear medicine specialists. Mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) of the liver and spleen were measured, and the Spleen Liver Ratio (SLR) was calculated. Clinical assessments and disease outcomes were recorded based on physical examinations, routine blood work, serum chemistry studies, and conventional imaging. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were also determined.
Results.
Most patients received anti-PD1 therapy, and radiotherapy was combined with systemic treatment in some cases. After 6, and 18 months, clinical disease control was achieved in 74% and 74%, respectively. Patients without clinical disease control exhibited higher bone marrow FDG uptake and an increase in the sites of metabolic lesions. Median SLR values were slightly higher in patients without disease control after 6 and 18 months, but lower after 36 months. At PET0, the median SLR at PET0 was higher in alive patients than who died, while it was similar in the following scans. Patients with signs of inflammation on PET1 had a higher baseline SLR, which decreased in the subsequent PET2 scan.
Conclusions.
Changes in bone marrow FDG uptake may serve as potential indicators of treatment response and disease outcomes. SLR would be considered an interesting predictive and prognostic indicator. This study provides insights into the dynamic changes of metabolic parameters during immunotherapy and their clinical implications in malignant melanoma patients.