bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of shadow IT usage on knowledge sharing
Authors: Mallmann Gabriela L , Maçada Antonio Carlos Gastaud , Oliveira Mírian
Published: March 2018

Employees increasingly use unauthorized technologies at the workplace, which is referred to as shadow IT. Previous research identifies that shadow IT is often collaborative systems used by employees to collaborate, communicate, and share content with coworkers, clients, or external partners. Based on these previous findings, we propose that shadow IT usage may positively influence organizational knowledge sharing (KS), which is central to knowledge management practices. Thus, this research aims to (1) identify the types and occurrences of shadow IT used by employee in the workplace, (2) investigate how KS (donation and collection) occurs via shadow IT, and (3) investigate how shadow IT influences KS. This is an exploratory study based on a qualitative approach. We performed interviews with IT users to answer the research question. Our findings identify that most of the interviewees use collaborative systems and mobile devices unauthorized by the IT department to share knowledge and communicate with their coworkers. The most common IT cited are WhatsApp and Skype, as well as solutions to store and share content, like Google Drive. In addition, several employees reported using shadow IT mainly because organizations do not provide suitable tools to communicate efficiently. We conclude that shadow IT can facilitate KS, primarily when people are geographically distributed since these unauthorized systems provide real-time communication. Our theoretical contribution is to expand current knowledge about shadow IT and reinforce the importance and prevalence of informal and decentralized KS within organizations. As for the practical implications, our article can help IT managers to better understand the usage of shadow IT and how they can balance the risk and benefits of this phenomenon.
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and noncompaction in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy due to the variant m.3460G>A
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Stollberger Claudia , Gatterer Edmund
Published: March 2018

This report describes a 66-year-old Caucasian male who acutely developed severe, bilateral impairment of visual acuity at 24 years of age. Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) was suspected but the diagnosis was not genetically confirmed until the age of 49 years when the primary LHON mutation m.3460G>A was detected. Since onset, visual acuity had slightly improved. The family history was positive for LHON (brother, two sisters of mother, female cousin) and genetically confirmed in his brother and one aunt. Since the age of 65 years, he had experienced recurrent vertigo. His cardiological history was positive for arterial hypertension, noncompaction, myocardial thickening, intermittent right bundle-branch-block (RBBB) and Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. In addition to LHON, he presented with polyneuropathy, hyperCKaemia, carotid artery occlusion, and a history of stroke. Cardiological investigations at 66 years of age revealed mildly reduced systolic function, enlarged atria, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardias. He underwent an electrophysiological investigation, but radiofrequency ablation was ruled out due to a ‘bizarre’ cardiac conduction system. Instead, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was proposed but refused by the patient. Since the vertigo did not resolve it was attributed to polyneuropathy. This case demonstrates that LHON may be associated with noncompaction, myocardial thickening, reduced systolic function, enlarged atria, RBBB, WPW syndrome and nonsustained ventricular tachycardias. WPW syndrome in LHON may require invasive antiarrhythmic treatment.
“We all Come Together to Learn About Music”: A Qualitative Analysis of a 5-Year Music Program in a Juvenile Detention Facility
Authors: Hickey Maud
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this long-term qualitative study was to uncover evidence that might support components of positive youth development (PYD) in a music composition program at an urban youth detention center. The constructs of PYD come from self-determination theory—competence, autonomy, and relatedness—and formed the theoretical lens from which the data were analyzed. Over a period of 5 years, more than 700 youth participated in the program and created primarily rap music compositions. Comments from their feedback, as well as interviews, were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings point to the emergence of two main categories as reasons for enjoying the program: competence and positive feelings. Creativity also emerged as linked to competence and autonomy as well as the “Good Lives Model” of detainee development. Further research on using culturally relevant and creative music programming as a tool in PYD is discussed.
Hemicrania continua: Case series presenting in an orofacial pain clinic
Authors: Hryvenko Iryna , Cervantes-Chavarría Andrés R , Law Alan S , Nixdorf Donald R
Published: March 2018

Aim of investigation

Hemicrania continua (HC) is an uncommon primary headache and little is known of the characteristics of such patients managed in an orofacial pain setting. This study provides clinical features of HC, its association with other disorders, and treatment outcomes of patients managed in the TMD and Orofacial Pain Clinic at the University of Minnesota.

Methods

A retrospective review of patient records was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of HC and confirmation at follow-up.

Results

Six of the 1617 new patients seen between 2015 and 2017 met the selection criteria. Four patients presented with “facial pain”, one with “toothache” and one with “jaw pain”. All were female with mean age 55 ± 10.5 years (range = 41–69). Headache characteristics included unilateral (R:L = 1:1) pain of moderate intensity with severe exacerbations in the distribution of V1 (1/6), V1 + V2 (3/6) and V1 + V2 + V3 (2/6). Lacrimation and photophobia were the most common associated symptoms. Patient presentations were complicated by multiple medical and comorbid diagnoses. All were diagnosed with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Indomethacin alone was sufficient for adequate headache control in 2/6 patients with several add-on medications providing sustained pain relief.

Conclusions

Comorbid pain conditions can be expected in patients with HC presenting to orofacial pain clinics. Symptom presentation varies, and multimodal treatment approach is necessary for success.
Matrix-Applied Characterized Autologous Cultured Chondrocytes Versus Microfracture: Five-Year Follow-up of a Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Brittberg Mats , Recker David , Ilgenfritz John , Saris Daniel B.F. ,   on behalf of the SUMMIT Extension Study Group
Published: March 2018

Background:

Matrix-based cell therapy improves surgical handling, increases patient comfort, and allows for expanded indications with better reliability within the knee joint. Five-year efficacy and safety of autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane (MACI) versus microfracture for treating cartilage defects have not yet been reported from any randomized controlled clinical trial.

Purpose:

To examine the clinical efficacy and safety results at 5 years after treatment with MACI and compare these with the efficacy and safety of microfracture treatment for symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

This article describes the 5-year follow-up of the SUMMIT (Superiority of MACI Implant Versus Microfracture Treatment) clinical trial conducted at 14 study sites in Europe. All 144 patients who participated in SUMMIT were eligible to enroll; analyses of the 5-year data were performed with data from patients who signed informed consent and continued in the Extension study.

Results:

Of the 144 patients randomized in the SUMMIT trial, 128 signed informed consent and continued observation in the Extension study: 65 MACI (90.3%) and 63 microfracture (87.5%). The improvements in Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Pain and Function domains previously described were maintained over the 5-year follow-up. Five years after treatment, the improvement in MACI over microfracture in the co-primary endpoint of KOOS pain and function was maintained and was clinically and statistically significant ( P = .022). Improvements in activities of daily living remained statistically significantly better ( P = .007) in MACI patients, with quality of life and other symptoms remaining numerically higher in MACI patients but losing statistical significance relative to the results of the SUMMIT 2-year analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of structural repair was performed in 120 patients at year 5. As in the 2-year SUMMIT (MACI00206) results, the MRI evaluation showed improvement in defect filling for both treatments; however, no statistically significant differences were noted between treatment groups.

Conclusion:

Symptomatic cartilage knee defects 3 cm2 or larger treated with MACI were clinically and statistically significantly improved at 5 years compared with microfracture treatment. No remarkable adverse events or safety issues were noted in this heterogeneous patient population.
Higher Gene Expression of Healing Factors in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Remnant in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
Authors: Novaretti João Victor , Astur Diego Costa , Casadio Davi , Nicolini Alexandre Pedro , de Castro Pochini Alberto , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , Ejnisman Benno , Cohen Moises
Published: March 2018

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with remnant preservation has been described and related to potential advantages. Literature is lacking regarding gene expression of potential factors related to ligament healing in the ACL remnant and its relation to time from injury.

Hypothesis:

The mRNA expression of ligament healing factors in the ACL remnant would be higher in acute tears (<3 months from injury) than in intermediate (3-12 months) and chronic (>12 months) injuries.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Gene expression of 21 genes related to ligament healing factors was analyzed in 46 ACL remnants biopsied during surgical reconstruction with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Specimens were divided into 3 groups according to time from injury: acute (<3 months from injury; n = 19), intermediate (3-12 months; n = 12), and chronic (>12 months; n = 15). Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation was performed by analysis of hematoxylin and eosin, CD-34, and S-100 staining.

Results:

Expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL12A1, LOX, PLOD1, and TNC genes in ACL remnant was greater in acute compared with chronic injuries. COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, and TNC genes were also expressed more in the acute group compared with the intermediate group. Furthermore, expression of the genes COL1A1 and COL5A2 was significantly higher in female than in male patients. No difference in the number of blood vessels and mechanoreceptors among groups was observed in the microscopic evaluation.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates that expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL12A1, LOX, PLOD1, and TNC genes in ACL remnant is greater in acute (<3 months from injury) compared with chronic (>12 months) injuries. Furthermore, COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, and TNC genes were expressed more in the acute group compared with the intermediate group (3-12 months from injury).

Clinical Relevance:

ACL reconstructions with remnant preservation should be performed in patients with acute injuries, as in these cases the ACL remnant may present the greatest healing potential.
Prospective analysis of bleeding events in left ventricular assist device patients
Authors: Sherazi Saadia , Kouides Peter , Francis Charles , Lowenstein Charles Julian , Refaai Majed , Conley Grace , Johnson Brent Alan , Muchnik Eugene , Lien Susan , Massey Howard Todd , Alexis Jeffrey Dean
Published: March 2018

Background:

Bleeding is a major cause of morbidity in patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). We sought to identify clinical predictors of bleeding within the first year of LVAD implantation.

Methods:

A prospective study was performed on 30 patients with HeartMate II implantation at the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States. Blood was collected within 1 week before implantation, and at 1, 3, and 30 ± 10 days after implantation. Blood samples were analyzed for prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity, vWF antigen, vWF multimers, collagen binding assay, factor VIII, and epinephrine closure time. The first bleeding event within 1 year of implantation was recorded.

Results:

There were 17 (57%) patients with a bleeding event. The cumulative incidence of bleeding was 50% at 304 days. Age at the time of LVAD implantation was associated with higher risk of bleeding (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.10, p = 0.013). Higher baseline INR was also associated with increased risk of bleeding after adjusting for age at the time of implant (HR = 6.58, 95% CI = 1.21–35.70, p = 0.028). The bleeders and non-bleeders had similar hemostatic markers at all four time points. Prior to LVAD, mean epinephrine closure time was similar between bleeders and non-bleeders. However, post LVAD measurement of epinephrine, closure time was frequently limited by platelet clumping.

Conclusion:

Older age and baseline INR are associated with higher risk of bleeding in LVAD patients. Platelet clumping may suggest underlying platelet dysfunction and associated high risk of bleeding
Distributed Cognition and Embodiment in Text Planning: A Situated Study of Collaborative Writing in the Workplace
Authors: Clayson Ashley
Published: March 2018

Through a study of collaborative writing at a student advocacy nonprofit, this article explores how writers distribute their text planning across tools, artifacts, and gestures, with a particular focus on how embodied representations of texts are present in text planning. Findings indicate that these and other representations generated by the writers move through a spectrum of durability, from provisional to more persistent representations. The author argues that these findings offer useful insights into the relationships among distributed cognition, materiality, embodiment, and text planning and have implications for practitioners and students of writing. Additionally, the author recommends that scholars further investigate the ways in which embodied representations of texts are generated through lived experiences with the materials of writing.
Melatonin attenuates radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in germ cells of male Swiss albino mice
Authors: Pandey Neelam , Giri Sarbani
Published: March 2018

Increasing male infertility of unknown aetiology can be associated with environmental factors. Extensive use of mobile phones has exposed the general population to unprecedented levels of radiofrequency radiations (RFRs) that may adversely affect male reproductive health. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of RFR Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) type, 900 MHz and melatonin supplementation on germ cell development during spermatogenesis. Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups. One group received RFR exposure for 3 h twice/day for 35 days and the other group received the same exposure but with melatonin ( N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (MEL; 5 mg/kg bw/day). Two other groups received only MEL or remain unexposed. Sperm head abnormality, total sperm count, biochemical assay for lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity and testis histology were evaluated. Additionally, flow cytometric evaluation of germ cell subtypes and comet assay were performed in testis. Extensive DNA damage in germ cells of RFR-exposed animals along with arrest in pre-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis eventually leading to low sperm count and sperm head abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, biochemical assays revealed excess free radical generation resulting in histological and morphological changes in testis and germ cells morphology, respectively. However, these effects were either diminished or absent in RFR-exposed animals supplemented with melatonin. Hence, it can be concluded that melatonin inhibits pre-meiotic spermatogenesis arrest in male germ cells through its anti-oxidative potential and ability to improve DNA reparative pathways, leading to normal sperm count and sperm morphology in RFR-exposed animals.
L'impact des stimuli informationnels d'un nouveau produit alimentaire sur les réactions affectives et cognitives du consommateur
Authors: Pantin-Sohier Gaëlle , Miltgen Caroline Lancelot
Published: March 2018

L'objectif de cet article est de montrer l'influence simultanée de l'innovation produit (complémentarité de l'arôme) et de l'innovation packaging (design du produit à travers la prototypicalité du contenant et la quantité d'informations sur l'étiquette) lors du lancement d'une nouvelle boisson alcoolisée aromatisée. Ces éléments sont testés par le biais d'une expérimentation invitant 383 individus à évaluer la pertinence du mélange proposé, la nouveauté perçue de la boisson et leurs inférences en matière de goût (caractère sucré, douceur et intensité). Nous examinons en outre le rôle médiateur de ces variables sur l'agrément et celui de l'agrément sur l'intention de goûter le nouveau produit alimentaire. Les résultats confirment que la complémentarité de l'arôme influence positivement la pertinence perçue du mélange et négativement sa nouveauté perçue. L'analyse permet également d'identifier une relation linaire entre pertinence perçue et agrément alors que la relation entre nouveauté perçue et agrément suit une tendance quadratique (courbe en u).
L'influence de l'âge perçu du modèle inclus dans une annonce sur l'efficacité publicitaire
Authors: Chevalier Corinne , Lichtlé Marie-Christine
Published: March 2018

Cette étude a pour objectif de mettre en évidence l'impact de l'âge perçu du modèle inclus dans une annonce sur plusieurs variables d'efficacité publicitaire: les attitudes, les croyances et l'intention d'achat. Ce rôle est examiné sur deux populations — les jeunes adultes et les seniors — en considérant l'âge chronologique des individus, mais également leur âge subjectif quand il s'agit des seniors. Les résultats montrent que l'âge du modèle joue un rôle clé dans l'efficacité publicitaire, rôle qui varie en fonction de l'âge chronologique et subjectif des individus. Par ailleurs, le rôle fondamental de la similarité entre l'âge du modèle et l'âge réel ou subjectif du répondant a été mis en évidence.
Faire rire ou faire peur ? Le rôle modérateur de l'attractivité de la source et de ses habitudes de communication lors d'une campagne électorale
Authors: Capelli Sonia , Sabadie William , Trendel Olivier
Published: March 2018

Cet article compare l'efficacité de deux procédés d'exécution, l'humour et la menace, en fonction de deux caractéristiques de la source, son niveau d'attractivité et ses habitudes de communication. Un corpus d'hypothèses est formulé et testé à l'aide d'une expérimentation inter-sujets, dans le cadre de la communication politique des élections présidentielles françaises de 2007. Les résultats mettent en avant le rôle modérateur de l'attractivité du candidat sur l'attitude envers le message. L'humour est plus efficace que la menace quand le message s'adresse aux sympathisants et aux indécis. Au contraire, la menace produit une meilleure attitude envers le message chez les opposants au candidat. Les habitudes perçues de communication du candidat — perception de l'utilisation antérieure du procédé par le candidat — modèrent également l'efficacité du message. L'humour est plus efficace lorsqu'il est utilisé ponctuellement, tandis que la menace est recommandée pour une stratégie de communication à plus long terme.
Scepticisme du consommateur et efficacité promotionnelle
Authors: de Pechpeyrou Pauline , Odou Philippe
Published: March 2018

Les consommateurs ont développé au fil du temps une connaissance ainsi qu'une méfiance à l'égard de stimuli provenant de différentes sources commerciales: publicité, vendeurs, mais plus récemment, techniques de réduction de prix destinées à leur redonner du pouvoir d'achat. Trois expérimentations mettent en évidence l'effet préjudiciable du scepticisme individuel à l'égard de la promotion sur les réponses à la promotion au travers de deux mécanismes: la minimisation des Économies perçues (« too good to be true ») et la moindre intention d'achat de celles-ci.
Mesures des réactions affectives induites par des campagnes pour des causes sociales: complémentarité et convergence de mesures iconiques et verbales
Authors: Derbaix Christian , Poncin Ingrid , Droulers Olivier , Roullet Bernard
Published: March 2018

Cette note de recherche met en évidence la complémentarité et la convergence d'échelles verbales et d'échelles iconiques, mesurant les réactions affectives déclenchées par une annonce publicitaire, pour expliquer l'attitude envers cette dernière (Aad). Les résultats montrent que ces deux mesures par rapport à une seule offrent toujours une explication statistiquement supérieure et que l'attitude envers l'annonce (Aad), mesurée de façon iconique, est très bien expliquée (R2 > 80 %) par les réactions affectives mesurées de façon verbale et mesurées de façon iconique. Des implications pratiques sont soulignées ainsi que des voies de recherche à privilégier au départ des limites de cette étude.
Le rôle du bundling dans la stratégie marketing des entreprises: une synthèse
Authors: Chiambaretto Paul , Dumez Hervé
Published: March 2018

Bundling et unbundling, la liaison des produits et leur séparation, sont des éléments centraux des stratégies des entreprises. La majorité des contributions, issues de champs disciplinaires variés, offrent une analyse fragmentée de ces phénomènes. Cet article se propose de les mettre en perspective afin de comprendre les avantages respectifs du bundling et de l' unbundling dans la stratégie marketing des entreprises.
Proximités Émotionnelle et relationnelle comme facteurs explicatifs du transfert de sens affectif entre marques de presse et marques
Authors: Valette-Florence Rita
Published: March 2018

Au regard des théories du transfert de sens et de l'évaluation implicite, cet article examine les proximités Émotionnelle et relationnelle entre marques de presse et marques. Pour cela, une création d'échelle « hybride » de mesure des émotions est entreprise et validée sur cinq collectes successives. Les résultats soulignent que la proximité Émotionnelle entre ces deux types de marques se répercute au niveau de la mesure de leur proximité relationnelle affective. De plus, ces proximités corroborent une mesure explicite de la pertinence de l'association entre ces marques validant ainsi le transfert de sens affectif entre celles-ci.
Vers une clarification théorique de la notion de valeur perçue en marketing
Authors: Rivière Arnaud , Mencarelli Rémi
Published: March 2018

La valeur perçue par les consommateurs occupe une place significative dans les réflexions actuelles des praticiens et des chercheurs en marketing. Cependant, la diversité des recherches et l'absence d'un cadre théorique unifié nécessitent un travail de clarification. Cet article propose ainsi d'identifier, à partir des définitions et approches de la valeur, des critères de classification et de caractérisation de cette notion. Puis, la comparaison avec d'autres concepts proches amène à resituer la valeur perçue au sein d'un réseau de relations. Enfin, les implications managériales, liées à l'analyse de la valeur perçue, sont soulignées.
Patrimoine de marque : le passé au service du management de la marque
Authors: Pecot Fabien , De Barnier Virginie
Published: March 2018

Chercheurs et praticiens parlent de patrimoine de marque sans que le sens et la distinction avec les concepts proches soient tout à fait clairs. A travers une revue de la littérature multidisciplinaire, cet article distingue le patrimoine de marque des concepts d’héritage, de rétro, de nostalgie ou d’authenticité. Il le définit comme une construction dynamique à partir d’un passé hérité ou emprunté, mise au service de l’identité de la marque, et destinée à être transmis. Onze propositions de recherche sont rassemblées dans un cadre intégrateur ouvrant la voie à des recherches futures et contribuant à la recherche sur la gestion de marque et la place des consommateurs dans la création de valeur.
Stimuler la créativité du consommateur par la pensée analogique : comment adapter distance et contenu du transfert ?
Authors: Gotteland David , Merle Aurélie , Trendel Olivier
Published: March 2018

Comment les consommateurs peuvent-ils émettre de meilleures idées de nouveaux produits ou services par la pensée analogique ? Cette méthode de créativité se décompose en deux phases : l’identification de domaines sources et le transfert d’informations de ces domaines vers le domaine cible. La littérature s’est focalisée sur l’influence de la distance du transfert entre domaines source et cible et aucune étude n’a examiné comment cette distance interagit avec le contenu du transfert. Dans deux expérimentations, nous montrons que l’attractivité des idées émises dépend, non seulement du niveau d’adéquation entre contenu et distance du transfert, mais également du niveau d’expertise des consommateurs dans le domaine cible.
Campagnes humanitaires choc : pour une meilleure compréhension de leur efficacité: Réflexions sur l’article « Emotions et comportements prosociaux : étude de l’efficacité des campagnes humanitaires émotionnelles » de Jeanne Albouy
Authors: Dahl Darren W.
Published: March 2018

L’article intitulé « Emotions et comportements prosociaux : étude de l’efficacité des campagnes humanitaires émotionnelles », rédigé par Jeanne Albouy (2017) et récemment publié dans la revue Recherche et Applications en Marketing, démontre de manière indiscutable l’efficacité des publicités choc dans le cadre des appels à la solidarité. Plus précisément, cette étude souligne dans quelle mesure l’empathie et les émotions négatives générées par les campagnes choc entraînent des attitudes positives envers l’annonce et la cause, ainsi que l’intention d’aider l’association. Ce travail est important, car il permet de résoudre un conflit dans la littérature, à savoir des conclusions divergentes qui ont montré des résultats aussi bien positifs que négatifs pour les campagnes humanitaires à caractère émotionnel et cru (Bendapudi et al., 1996 ; Bennett, 1996 ; Chang et Lee, 2009 ; Sargeant, 1999). En outre, comme toute bonne étude, ce travail ouvre également la voie à de nouvelles opportunités d’analyse ultérieure concernant le rôle de la publicité choc dans le cadre de campagnes de communication humanitaires. Ces réflexions tenteront de mettre en évidence d’autres opportunités potentielles de recherche. Le débat portera plus précisément sur trois pistes d’intérêt potentiel : 1) une analyse plus approfondie de la notion de publicité choc dans le cadre des campagnes humanitaires, 2) la compréhension des différences potentielles dans le contexte d’exposition du public aux publicités choc et les conséquences y afférentes, et 3) la prise en considération d’autres indicateurs de persuasion susceptibles de fournir des indications précieuses sur la façon dont la publicité choc a un impact sur le marché.
Légitimité des associations de consommateurs et vulnérabilité perçue de leurs publics : quels effets sur l’intention de confiance envers les acteurs consuméristes ?
Authors: Lichtlé Marie-Christine , Nabec Lydiane , Roux Dominique , Chevalier Corinne
Published: March 2018

La confiance qu’accordent les individus aux associations de consommateurs pour protéger leurs intérêts face aux acteurs marchands est au cœur de la mission consumériste. Il est donc important d’identifier les facteurs sur lesquels repose cette confiance. Les résultats d’une étude qualitative (51 répondants) et d’une étude quantitative (315 individus) montrent que l’intention d’accorder sa confiance à une association de consommateurs dépend du degré de légitimité cognitive, pragmatique et morale qui lui est reconnu. Par ailleurs, l’effet de la légitimité pragmatique sur l’intention de confiance varie selon la vulnérabilité perçue des individus face aux acteurs marchands. En revanche, la vulnérabilité perçue ne modère pas la relation entre la légitimité cognitive ou la légitimité morale et l’intention de confiance dans les associations : elle a une influence directe sur cette variable à expliquer.
Examining Built Environmental Correlates of Neighborhood Satisfaction: A Focus on Analysis Approaches
Authors: Cao Xinyu , Wu Xinyi , Yuan Yuan
Published: March 2018

Many studies explore environmental correlates of neighborhood satisfaction and provide insights for neighborhood enhancement. This article classifies such studies into ad hoc studies and theory-driven studies. Although ad hoc studies reveal various correlates of neighborhood satisfaction, some offer an incomplete and even biased understanding of neighborhood satisfaction because they have little systematic theoretical foundations. By contrast, theory-driven studies recognize the mechanisms through which neighborhood characteristics affect neighborhood satisfaction and hence provide more robust findings. Then, we review studies on improving neighborhood satisfaction of existing residents in planning practice. Finally, we offer several recommendations for future research.
Traumatic Experiences and PTSD Symptoms in the Chinese Male Intrafamilial Physical Violence Perpetrators: A Comparative and Structural Equation Modeling Study
Authors: Liu Na , Cao Yuping , Qiao Huifen , Ma Hui , Li Jijun , Luo Xingguang , Li Chiang-shan Ray , Zhang Yalin , Zhang Ning
Published: March 2018

We aimed to compare traumatic experiences among the groups of perpetrators with or without violent pedigree, and establish a structural model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as mediators of traumatic experiences and severe intrafamilial physical violence among Chinese male perpetrators. A cross-sectional survey and a face-to-face interview were conducted to examine intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and violent pedigree, childhood maltreatment, other traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, and severe intrafamilial physical violence in a community sample of 229 abusive men and 303 controlled men in China. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, the scores of the questionnaires were entered into the theoretical model and calculated. Findings demonstrated that the numbers of the traumatic events in four groups were significantly different with a declining trend, and the SEM data had an adequate fit. The loadings of pathways from childhood witness domestic violence (DV) to severe physical violence (SPV) were more salience than other pathways, and the indirect effect of every pathway, except for the childhood witness DV to PTSD symptoms, on severe intrafamilial physical violence in the model was significant. The results suggest that PTSD symptoms cluster as mediator of the intergenerational transmission of SPV perpetration in Chinese abusive men. Childhood witness IPV has effects on adulthood perpetration of IPV.
Medical Complications Predict Cognitive Decline in Nondemented Hip Fracture Patients—Results of a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Hack Juliana , Eschbach Daphne , Aigner Rene , Oberkircher Ludwig , Ruchholtz Steffen , Bliemel Christopher , Buecking Benjamin
Published: March 2018

Objective:

The aim of this study was to identify factors that are associated with cognitive decline in the long-term follow-up after hip fractures in previously nondemented patients.

Methods:

A consecutive series of 402 patients with hip fractures admitted to our university hospital were analyzed. After exclusion of all patients with preexisting dementia, 266 patients were included, of which 188 could be examined 6 months after surgery. Additional to several demographic data, cognitive ability was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Patients with 19 or less points on the MMSE were considered demented. Furthermore, geriatric scores were recorded, as well as perioperative medical complications. Mini-Mental State Examination was performed again 6 months after surgery.

Results:

Of 188 previously nondemented patients, 12 (6.4%) patients showed a cognitive decline during the 6 months of follow-up. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age ( P = .040) and medical complications ( P = .048) were the only significant independent influencing factors for cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

In our patient population, the incidence of dementia exceeded the average age-appropriate cognitive decline. Significant independent influencing factors for cognitive decline were age and medical complications.
Preparation and induction for school principals
Authors: Bush Tony
Published: March 2018

This article will examine different international approaches to leadership preparation and induction, linked to concepts of socialization and identity. Although leadership is widely understood to be the second most important factor influencing student outcomes, principal preparation is neglected in many countries. A teaching qualification and teaching experience are often considered to be sufficient attributes for new principals. The article will argue that being a principal is a different role from classroom teaching and requires specific preparation. This involves three phases of socialization. First, aspiring leaders require professional socialization, preparing to become a principal. Second, they need to change their identity, from teacher to principal – a process of personal socialization. Third, they need a period of organizational socialization, learning to lead in a specific school. The article will draw on international research and literature to consider the experience of new principals in different settings. It will also examine examples of preparation and induction in several settings to establish what works effectively and in what contexts. It will also consider the role of mentoring in successful principal preparation and induction, bearing in mind the need for induction to be an extended process, not a ‘one-off’ event. The article will conclude with a model for leadership preparation and induction, which could be applied in many places, subject to careful adaptation to fit the local culture and context.
Secondary school leadership preparation and development
Authors: Cliffe Joanne , Fuller Kay , Moorosi Pontso
Published: March 2018

In England, school leadership preparation has shifted from the National College and local authorities to teaching schools, their alliances and multi-academy trusts. Against this changing educational landscape, we investigate opportunities presented to men and women in secondary school leadership teams (SLTs). Drawing on interview data from a British Educational Leadership, Management and Administration Society funded investigation, we report on leadership preparation and development opportunities, aspiration to headship, headteachers’ support of ‘in house’, regional and national preparation programmes, coaching and mentoring involvement as well as access to formal and informal networks. Our analysis of SLTs as sites of potential for headship demonstrated some variability in women’s and men’s reported experiences. Accredited courses, higher degrees and workplace-based preparation provided access to leadership preparation and development opportunities; access was not transferrable from school to school. We identified a fragmented system and suggest policy and cultural changes to allow SLTs to offer inclusive and sustainable opportunities for succession planning.
Vibration analysis and control of a screw compressor outlet piping system
Authors: Zhao Ying , Feng Jianmei , Zhao Bin , Zhou Shuangmei , Tang Zhou , Peng Xueyuan
Published: March 2018

The severe vibration of a screw compressor outlet piping system caused the premature failures of some thermowells and the unplanned shut down of the compressor system. The root causes of the vibration problem were investigated by numerical simulations. An acoustic model was established to predict the pressure pulsation of the gas inside the pipelines, and two finite element models were built to study the vibration characteristics of the overall piping system and of the thermowells. The numerical results indicated that the vibration problem may be attributed to the excessive pressure nonuniformity of the gas inside the pipelines, low overall stiffness of the piping system and the first-order structural resonance occurred on the thermowells. A pulsation attenuator was added and the pipelines were rearranged to reduce the pressure pulsation, some pipe supports were added to improve the overall stiffness of the piping system, and the thermowells were reinforced to avoid the first-order structural resonance. After the modifications, the field measurement data showed that the vibration of the piping system decreased significantly, and the modified piping system has been operating normally for nearly two years.
Economic assessment of producing and selling biomethane into a regional market
Authors: Rosa Mattia De
Published: March 2018

Biogas is a promising renewable energy resource produced by using anaerobic digestion of organic substrates and it is mainly used to generate electricity by means of biogas engines. Other potential utilisations are growing, e.g. grid injection and biofuels production but, generally, a treatment aimed to increase its quality is mandatory and greater investments are generally required to produce upgraded biogas (biomethane). Despite the increasing of interest on these applications, a lack of information is still present from an economic point of view. The present paper performs an extended economic assessment of upgrading and selling biogas starting from a typical farm-based anaerobic digestion plant in Northern Ireland assumed as reference. Several economic indexes have been considered to assess the economic performance of the upgraded anaerobic digestion plant, namely net present value, pay-back period, profitability index and internal rate of return. Moreover, different scenarios in terms of fossil fuel prices have been analysed. The results show that producing and selling biomethane can be economically feasible if an adequate market is fostered. Optimum anaerobic digestion sizes between 26.9 and 64.4 tonne/y have been found, with correspondent net present value and pay-back period values in the range of £6.7–64.4M and 2.8–7.5 years, respectively, depending on the price scenarios analysed and the economic index chosen. Generally, adopting the net present value as objective function of the optimisation leads to greater anaerobic digestion size than the other indexes for any price scenarios considered. Finally, tougher market conditions (i.e. higher fossil fuel prices) lead to better economic performances of the upgraded anaerobic digestion configuration.
Two-step human–environmental impact history for northern New Zealand linked to late-Holocene climate change
Authors: Newnham Rewi , Lowe David J , Gehrels Maria , Augustinus Paul
Published: March 2018

Following resolution of a long-standing debate over the timing of the initial settlement of New Zealand from Polynesia (late 13th century), a prevailing paradigm has developed that invokes rapid transformation of the landscape, principally by fire, within a few decades of the first arrivals. This model has been constructed from evidence mostly from southern and eastern regions of New Zealand, but a more complicated pattern may apply in the more humid western and northern regions where forests are more resilient to burning. We present a new pollen record from Lake Pupuke, Auckland, northern New Zealand, that charts the changing vegetation cover over the last 1000 years, before and after the arrival of people. Previous results from this site concurred with the rapid transformation model, although sampling resolution, chronology and sediment disturbance make that interpretation equivocal. Our new record is dated principally by tephrochronology together with radiocarbon dating and includes a cryptotephra deposit identified as Kaharoa tephra, a key marker for first settlement in northern New Zealand. Its discovery and stratigraphic position below two Rangitoto-derived tephras enables a clearer picture of environmental change to be drawn. The new pollen record shows an early phase (step 1) of minor, localised forest clearance around the time of Kaharoa tephra ( c. 1314 AD) followed by a later, more extensive deforestation phase (step 2) commencing at around the time of deposition of the Rangitoto tephras ( c. 1400–1450 AD). This pattern, which needs to be corroborated from other well-resolved records from northern New Zealand, concurs with an emerging hypothesis that the ‘Little Ice Age’ had a significant impact on pre-European Māori with the onset of harsher conditions causing a consolidation of populations and later environmental impact in northern New Zealand.
Human Amniotic Membrane and Amniotic Membrane–Derived Cells
Authors: Ramuta Taja Železnik , Kreft Mateja Erdani
Published: March 2018

Human amniotic membrane (hAM) is the innermost layer of fetal membranes, which surrounds the developing fetus and forms the amniotic cavity. hAM and hAM-derived cells possess many properties that make them suitable for use in regenerative medicine, such as low immunogenicity, promotion of epithelization, anti-inflammatory properties, angiogenic and antiangiogenic properties, antifibrotic properties, antimicrobial properties, and anticancer properties. Many pathological conditions of the urinary tract lead to organ damage or complete loss of function. Consequently, the reconstruction or replacement of damaged organs is needed, which makes searching for new approaches in regenerative and reconstructive urology a necessity. The use of hAM for treating defects in kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra was tested in vitro in cell cultures and in vivo in mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and also in humans. These studies confirmed the advantages and the potential of hAM for use in regenerative and reconstructive urology as stated above. However, they also pointed out a few concerns we have to take into consideration. These are (1) the lack of a standardized protocol in hAM preparation and storage, (2) the heterogeneity of hAM, and especially (3) low mechanical strength of hAM. Before any wider use of hAM for treating urological defects, the protocols for preparation and storage will need to be standardized, followed by more studies on larger animals and clinical trials, which will altogether extensively assess the potential of hAM use in urological patients.
Placenta-Derived Cells for Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Pischiutta Francesca , Sammali Eliana , Parolini Ornella , Carswell Hilary V. O. , Zanier Elisa R.
Published: March 2018

Acute brain injury resulting from ischemic/hemorrhagic or traumatic damage is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide and is a significant burden to society. Neuroprotective options to counteract brain damage are very limited in stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Given the multifaceted nature of acute brain injury and damage progression, several therapeutic targets may need to be addressed simultaneously to interfere with the evolution of the injury and improve the patient’s outcome. Stem cells are ideal candidates since they act on various mechanisms of protection and repair, improving structural and functional outcomes after experimental stroke or TBI. Stem cells isolated from placenta offer advantages due to their early embryonic origin, ease of procurement, and ethical acceptance. We analyzed the evidence for the beneficial effects of placenta-derived stem cells in acute brain injury, with the focus on experimental studies of TBI and stroke, the engineering strategies pursued to foster cell potential, and characterization of the bioactive molecules secreted by placental cells, known as their secretome, as an alternative cell-free strategy. Results from the clinical application of placenta-derived stem cells for acute brain injury and ongoing clinical trials are summarily discussed.
Immunological and Differentiation Properties of Amniotic Cells Are Retained After Immobilization in Pectin Gel
Authors: Silini Antonietta R. , Spoldi Valentina , De Munari Silvia , Vertua Elsa , Munarin Fabiola , Petrini Paola , Farè Silvia , Parolini Ornella
Published: March 2018

Mesenchymal stromal cells from the human amniotic membrane (i.e., human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells [hAMSCs]) of term placenta are increasingly attracting attention for their applications in regenerative medicine. Osteochondral defects represent a major clinical problem with lifelong chronic pain and compromised quality of life. Great promise for osteochondral regeneration is held in hydrogel-based constructs that have a flexible composition and mimic the physiological structure of cartilage. Cell loading within a hydrogel represents an advantage for regenerative purposes, but the encapsulation steps can modify cell properties. As pectin gels have also been explored as cell vehicles on 3D scaffolds, the aim of this study was to explore the possibility to include hAMSCs in pectin gel. Immobilization of hAMSCs into pectin gels could expand their application in cell-based bioengineering strategies. hAMSCs were analyzed for their viability and recovery from the pectin gel and for their ability to differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage and to maintain their immunological characteristics. When treated with a purposely designed pectin/hydroxyapatite gel biocomposite, hAMSCs retained their ability to differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage, did not induce an immune response, and retained their ability to reduce T cell proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that hAMSCs could be used in combination to pectin gels for the study of novel osteochondral regeneration strategies.
The Immunomodulatory Properties of Amniotic Cells
Authors: Magatti Marta , Vertua Elsa , Cargnoni Anna , Silini Antonietta , Parolini Ornella
Published: March 2018

Among the many cell types useful in developing therapeutic treatments, human amniotic cells from placenta have been proposed as valid candidates. Both human amniotic epithelial and mesenchymal stromal cells, and the conditioned medium generated from their culture, exert multiple immunosuppressive activities. Indeed, they inhibit T and B cell proliferation, suppress inflammatory properties of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, while promoting induction of cells with regulatory functions such as regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. These properties have laid the foundation for their use for the treatment of inflammatory-based diseases, and encouraging results have been obtained in different preclinical disease models where exacerbated inflammation is present. Moreover, an immune-privileged status of amniotic cells has been often highlighted. However, even if long-term engraftment of amniotic cells has been reported into immunocompetent animals, only few cells survive after infusion. Furthermore, amniotic cells have been shown to be able to induce immune responses in vivo and, under specific culture conditions, they can stimulate T cell proliferation in vitro. Although immunosuppressive properties are a widely recognized characteristic of amniotic cells, immunogenic and stimulatory activities appear to be less reported, sporadic events. In order to improve therapeutic outcome, the mechanisms responsible for the suppressive versus stimulatory activity need to be carefully addressed. In this review, both the immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory activity of amniotic cells will be discussed.