bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the Nearest Neighbor Heuristic Search Algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Rahman Md. Ziaur , Sheikh Sakibur Rahamn , Islam Ariful , Rahman Md. Azizur
Published: March 2024

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is classified as a non-deterministic polynomial (NP) hard problem, which has found widespread application in several scientific and technological domains. Due to its NP-hard nature, it is very hard to solve effectively and efficiently. Despite this rationale, a multitude of optimization approaches have been proposed and developed by scientists and researchers during the last several decades. Among these several algorithms, heuristic approaches are deemed appropriate for addressing this intricate issue. One of the simplest and most easily implementable heuristic algorithms for TSP is the nearest neighbor algorithm (NNA). However, its solution quality suffers owing to randomness in the optimization process. To address this issue, this study proposes a deterministic NNA for solving symmetric TSP. It is an improved version of NNA, which starts with the shortest edge consisting of two cities and then repeatedly includes the closest city on the route until an effective route is established. The simulation is conducted on 20 benchmark symmetric TSP datasets obtained from TSPLIB. The simulation results provide evidence that the improved NNA outperforms the basic NNA throughout most of the datasets in terms of solution quality as well as computational time.
Kemampuan Predasi Ikan Betta splendens Varietas Plakat Warna Tunggal dan Multiwarna Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti
Authors: Sheyoputri Rytney Electra , Adrianto Hebert , Silitonga Hanna Tabita Hasianna
Published: March 2024

Demam Berdarah Dengue adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia yang ditularkan melalui vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Ikan cupang (Betta splendens) dapat digunakan sebagai predator dalam pengendalian vektor secara biologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan waktu predasi Betta splendens jantan varietas plakat warna tunggal dan multiwarna terhadap larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Jenis penelitian ini adalah true experiment dengan post-test only control design. 25 ekor larva nyamuk Ae. Aegypti diberikan pada setiap ikan. Pengujian sebanyak lima replikasi dilakukan pada setiap jenis ikan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 30 detik hingga semua larva habis termakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Betta splendens warna tunggal dapat menghabiskan 25 ekor larva Ae. aegypti dalam waktu rata-rata 3,4 menit dan Betta splendens multiwarna dalam waktu rata-rata 2,7 menit. Hasil uji Kruskal-wallis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan waktu predasi yang signifikan antara kedua jenis ikan tersebut, tetapi Betta splendens multiwarna memiliki waktu predasi lebih cepat daripada Betta splendens warna tunggal.
Implementation of K-means Clustering Algorithm for the Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Siregar Bakti , Yosia Yosia
Published: March 2024

In the dynamic field of financial markets, effective analysis and understanding of stock market behavior are very crucial for investors, analysts, and policymakers. This study investigates the implementation of the K-means algorithm for clustering stocks listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). The main objectives of this research include exploring IDX's clustering patterns, identifying groups based on their trading characteristics, and evaluating algorithm performance. Some challenging parts have been addressed, such as data quality, feature selection, determining the optimal number of clusters, scalability, interpretability, and evaluation. Precise data preprocessing, feature engineering, and algorithm optimization provide insight into the clustering structure of the Indonesian stock market, helping investors in portfolio diversification, risk management, and strategic decision-making. The results show the potential of the K-means algorithm in thoroughly uncovering important patterns on the IDX, thereby contributing to the advancement of market analysis methodologies adapted to the Indonesian financial environment.
Measuring Service Quality and Developing a Roadmap for the E-Science Service Application at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
Authors: Pratiwi Sinta , Taufik Tatang Akhmad
Published: March 2024

This research investigates the E-Service Science Application (ELSA) of the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). In 2022, 77.41% of service requests through ELSA were unfulfilled, significantly impacting BRIN's Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) and ELSA Points. The study aims to evaluate ELSA's service quality using the Servqual method and to understand user behavior and intentions through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) 2. Questionnaires based on Servqual and TAM 2 models were utilized, with data analyzed via descriptive analysis of each variable and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS-3 software. Findings revealed that service quality attributes – tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy – were unsatisfactory, as indicated by negative GAPs. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was employed to prioritize areas for improvement. Most respondents showed high intention to use (Mean 4.18) and usage behavior (Mean 4.09), with similar ratings for other TAM 2 variables. These insights contribute to the development of an ELSA Application Roadmap, guiding service enhancements and positioning BRIN as a hub for scientific collaboration.
Smart Trash Can Using Ultrasonic Infrared Sensor and Touch Sensor Based on Arduino Mega
Authors: Tullah Rahmat , Saputri Fiqih Hana , Syahrin Alvi
Published: March 2024

Most of the trash bins at school are conventional models. When you want to dispose of trash you have to open or push the lid on the trash can, sometimes the lid is dirty with garbage piling up because the cleaners rarely check the condition of the trash can, this makes students' interest and awareness low to throw garbage in place. The purpose of this research is to design a tool that can facilitate and attract students' interest in disposing garbage in its place and making it easier for janitors to check and control the contents of the waste. This research make the environment at SMK Yaspih Rajeg cleaner because most students are no longer lazy and hesitant to throw garbage in its place, supported by the performance of cleaners who are more optimal in checking and controlling the contents of the trash. This study uses several methods such as data collection and analytical methods (Structured Analysis and Design) with flowcharts. The result, smart trash can that uses Arduino Mega as a microcontroller combined with several sensors and modules such as ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, touch sensors, servo motors, and SIM800l V2 which presents various features in smart trash cans.
Implementation of a Contact Center with Interactive Voice Response Using Cisco Unified Communications
Authors: Setiyanto Rudi , Sofjan Moh. , Agam Oky
Published: March 2024

A popular voice-based communication service used to receive calls automatically is Interactive Voice Response (IVR). Generally, IVR is widely used by institutions to provide services to the public in consulting, offering, or providing information about a particular matter. One of the uses of IVR, among others, is the Contact Center. By using Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology and using the SIP Trunk service from the service provider, institutions can take advantage of the existing network infrastructure to save on telephone usage. VoIP technology also allows it to be integrated with Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX) using Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM). While the IVR system uses Cisco Unified Contact Center Express (UCCX). In this study, the implemented contact center serves to receive calls from external parties. The telephone number uses a call hunting system that will distribute incoming calls to officers on duty at PT. Multipolar Technology Tbk.
Analysis and Development of a Decision Support System for Selection of Prospective KIP Scholarship Recipients
Authors: Swanda Yoga , Hartanto Oki , Agusli Rachmat
Published: March 2024

Global Institute of Technology and Business Campus (Global Institute) is one of the campuses that organizes the KIP (Kartu Indonesia Pintar) scholarship program. This program aims to increase access to education for children from disadvantaged families and provide them with financial support. The research methods used are needs analysis, system design, and prototype implementation. This research collects data from various sources, including personal data of prospective scholarship recipients, academic data, family income data, and other relevant factors. The data collected is then analyzed using appropriate decision making methods, such as the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS methods. A Decision Support System is an interactive platform that helps make decisions efficiently and effectively in the process by presenting alternatives resulting from data processing, information, and the design of interactive computer-based models or systems. This platform provides support to decision makers in utilizing data and models to overcome unstructured problems.
The Assistance for Small to Medium Enterprises in Preparing Financial Reports at East Kasiyan Village, Puger Sub District Jember Regency
Authors: . Sudarsih , Yulisetiarini Diah , Prasetiyaningtiyas Susanti , Irawan Bambang
Published: March 2024

The aim of research were to describe outreach activities for small and medium businesses in East Kasiyan Village, Puger District, Jember Regency. This research method was qualitatif with observed and discussion abou financial report in an effort to provide information regarding the preparation of financial reports The results of the research show that outreach activities for small and medium enterprises showed that SMEs understand and understand the recording of all transactions from their business to prepare financial reports in a structured manner to determine the financial position of their business. This community service activity is carried out by carrying out direct practice to record all transactions that occur from small and medium businesses. There are no significant obstacles in its implementation, only the discipline needed to record all financial transactions.
Services Integration in Tanzania e-Government Systems
Authors: Yusuph Kibira YAKUBA , Mohsin MUSTAFA , Shao DEO
Published: March 2024

The interoperability of information systems for public organizations is a significant opportunity for improved delivery of e-government services. However, the lack of e-government services integration is one of the issues preventing services from effectively reaching citizens in many developing nations, especially in this era of information technology advancement. Consequently, this paper aims to provide background information and a framework for comprehending the relevance of Tanzania's integration of e-government services. To understand the current state of the art and the prospects for system integration in government procedures, a thorough government institution Information Systems analysis was done to understand the magnitude of the problem. The survey revealed that the absence of electronic data exchange between public information systems leads to information system silos, which hinder efficiency and synergy in the provision of electronic services. A framework for e-government service integration is proposed utilizing a design science research approach to explain the possibilities of service integration in the public sector. The framework suggests harmonizing public institutions in e-government project plans, communicating e-government systems through a unified network, and establishing the e-government service catalog.
Examining Teachers' use of Play-Based Pedagogy in Mathematics Learning in Basic Schools
Authors: Yeng Enock , Tatsi Samuel
Published: March 2024

This study examines the use of play-based pedagogy by basic school mathematics teachers in the Ho West district, addressing a significant gap in the existing literature. Through a comprehensive review of previous studies, the study identifies key insights and informs the investigation. Employing a descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach, the study surveys a stratified random sample of 400 basic school teachers in the Ho West District, collecting data through a reliable questionnaire and analyzing it using various statistical methods. The findings reveal that teachers perceive play-based pedagogy as effective in enhancing students' mathematical understanding, promoting creativity, and fostering collaborative learning. However, the study also identifies challenges faced by teachers, including time constraints, curriculum alignment, resource inadequacy, behavior management, and assessment difficulties, despite the implementation of diverse play-based activities. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted workshops and seminars for teachers, emphasizing the benefits of play-based pedagogy, introducing a range of activities, and allocating resources to address the identified challenges.
Developing a Hybrid Model for Analyzing Students’ Academic Performance using ICT Integration in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case Study of IPRC-HUYE, RWANDA
Authors: UMUTONI Marie , Wilson MUSONI
Published: March 2024

The integration and use of ICT tools, resources and systems in different aspects of the educational process is the aim of this study on the integration of ICT into higher education institutions. In order to improve the performance of students in their studies, successful integration with ICT at higher education institutions has become more and more crucial. However, there's a shortage of comprehensiveness. Research on the specific impact of ICT integration on students' performance indicators such as academic success, involvement and critical thinking skills. In addition, it is necessary to identify the factors that contribute to or hinder the effective integration of ICT into higher education institutions and to understand how these factors affect the results of students' studies. This research study examined how the incorporation of ICT tools and resources influences students' academic performance, engagement levels, and critical thinking skills. The study also examined the challenges and obstacles to effective integration of ICT in learning, as well as explored students' perceptions and attitudes towards using information and communication technologies. In order to assess the impact of ICT integration, this researcher used an analytical approach by using surveys, questionnaires and interviews to gather students and trainers' perspectives on ICT integration and its influence on their engagement. The targeted population was the students enrolled at the IPRC (Integrated Polytechnic Regional College) Huye and their trainers, which is the specific case study institution. Statistical Analysis including correlation and regression under python programming language will be employed to analyze the collected data.
Covid-19 based Data Analysis to Investigate Whether Lockdown is Effective in Decreasing Case
Authors: Zahra Satti Shezadi
Published: March 2024

COVID-19, previously named the 2019 Novel Coro- navirus (2019-nCoV), is a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2. The first case of this virus originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of December 26, 2021, over 278 million cases and approximately 5.4 million deaths have been reported globally. This study aims to show how lockdown affects the spread of COVID-19 in Pakistan. The government did not impose a complete lockdown on the country all at once; instead, it did it gradually. The COVID-19 data was statistically analyzed based on the government’s decisions and the time frame of the lockdown in Islamabad, Pakistan. The study shows that the positivity rate in Islamabad reached 9.5% in March 2021, which was 0.6%.
Photo-Biomodulation in Endodontics
Authors: Bm Preksha , Amin Swathi
Published: March 2024

This scientific review explores the emerging field of photobiomodulation (PBM) in endodontics, investigating its potential applications and efficacy in root canal therapy. Through a comprehensive analysis of current literature, this review highlights the impact of PBM on biological processes, including its influence on inflammation, tissue repair, and pain management within the endodontic context. The synergistic relationship between PBM and conventional endodontic procedures is examined, shedding light on the potential enhancement of treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the review addresses challenges, gaps in research, and future directions for harnessing the full therapeutic potential of PBM in endodontic practice. Overall, this synthesis of evidence aims to provide valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and practitioners seeking to integrate PBM into contemporary endodontic protocols. Through this comprehensive analysis, we aim to foster a better understanding of photobiomodulation's potential in endodontics and encourage further research to establish evidence-based guidelines for its implementation in clinical practice. By harnessing the power of light as a therapeutic tool, photobiomodulation may revolutionize endodontic care and improve the quality of life for patients undergoing endodontic treatments.
Évaluer l’utilité, l’utilisabilité et l’acceptabilité d’un Learning Lab
Authors: Paukovics Elsa , Molteni Laura , Sanchez Eric
Published: March 2024

Un learning lab est un espace physique et numérique offrant aux enseignants, étudiants et chercheurs en éducation la possibilité d’observer, d’échanger, d’expérimenter et d’évaluer les méthodes d’apprentissage et d’enseignement à l’université. Depuis février 2019, nous sommes impliqués dans un projet de développement d’un Learning Lab à l’Université de Fribourg (Suisse) qui relève de la recherche orientée par la conception. La question de l’évaluation des actions conduites au sein de learning labs étant consubstantielle à la mise en place du dispositif, nous avons été amenés à élaborer un module permettant d’évaluer l’utilité, l’utilisabilité et l’acceptabilité des activités d’apprentissage conduites au sein de ce dispositif. Dans cet article, nous présentons et discutons les composantes de ce module d’évaluation au regard de la littérature et d’un travail empirique conduit par quatre universités partenaires. Les leçons que nous tirons de notre travail sont la nécessité de développer une méthode d’évaluation discrète (intégrée aux activités et en soutien à l’apprentissage), systématique (permettant un suivi longitudinal des participants) et évolutive (à la fois générique et spécifique en s'adaptant aux activités).A learning lab is a physical and digital space that offers teachers, students and educational researchers the opportunity to observe, exchange, experiment and evaluate learning and teaching methods at university. Since February 2019, we are involved in design-based research to build a Learning Lab at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) including learning activities. We are developing a module to evaluate the usefulness, usability and acceptability of these learning activities. Dans this paper, we present and discuss the components of the evaluation module in relation to scientific models and empirical work carried out by four partner universities. The lessons we draw from our work are the need to develop an evaluation method that is unobtrusive (embedded in activities and supportive of learning), systematic (allowing for longitudinal follow-up of participants) and scalable (both generic and specific by adapting to activities).
Liens entre les pratiques enseignantes perçues au collégial, le SEP à réussir ses études et le stress des étudiants
Authors: Pelletier Christine , Frenette Éric , Gaudreau Nancy
Published: March 2024

Les étudiants inscrits aux études postsecondaires vivent de plus en plus de détresse psychologique. Cette situation, surtout documentée d’un point de vue clinique et dans le but d’organiser les services spécialisés offerts aux étudiants (Baik et al., 2019), a été observée dans les cégeps du Québec (Gosselin et Ducharme, 2017). La présente étude pose la question suivante : que peuvent faire les personnes enseignantes pour développer le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle (SEP) des étudiants et diminuer leur stress? Une meilleure connaissance des pratiques enseignantes susceptibles de développer le SEP des étudiants à réussir leurs études pourrait fournir des éléments de réponse à cette question. Ainsi, cette étude de type quantitatif et exploratoire s’intéresse aux liens unissant les pratiques enseignantes au collégial, le SEP à réussir ses études et le stress (n = 355) à partir d’une analyse acheminatoire. La discussion porte sur les principaux résultats : 1) les perceptions de pratiques enseignantes varient selon le genre, l’âge et le programme d’études, 2) le SEP-études est influencé par quatre types de pratiques : défis d’apprentissage et choix des tâches, modelage par l’enseignant et autres modèles, messages d’efficacité et relations positives, 3) le degré de stress est influencé par le SEP-études, ainsi que par 4)le genre des répondants et les messages de peur de l’enseignant, et 5)le SEP-études présenterait un effet indirect sur la relation entre d’une part les messages d’efficacité et le stress, et d’autre part les relations positives et le stress.
L’usage d’outils d’échafaudage numériques : comment et pourquoi
Authors: Tremblay Chantal , Poellhuber Bruno , Kozanitis Anastassis
Published: March 2024

La résolution de problèmes complexes (RPC) correspond à l’une des compétences du 21e siècle fréquemment listée dans les référentiels de compétences, dont ceux destinés aux apprenants en gestion. Or, des lacunes observées chez des diplômés récents en gestion suggèrent qu’ils ne maîtrisent pas le processus de RPC. Bien que cela pourrait s’expliquer par un manque de connaissances disciplinaires, il est probable que cela soit attribuable également à des compétences métacognitives (CM) sous-développées. Ainsi, il nous a semblé prometteur de concevoir des outils numériques (OÉN) basés sur la théorie de l’échafaudage, afin de guider l’apprenant dans son processus de RPC sur les plans cognitif et métacognitif. Cette recherche mobilise une démarche qualitative visant à expliquer comment et pourquoi les apprenants utilisent ces outils. Compte-tenu des résultats qui suggèrent que ces apprenants sont peu expérimentés envers la RPC et que l’on peut les qualifier de novices, des recommandations pour concevoir des OÉN adaptés à leur niveau sont proposées pour soutenir le développement de cette compétence.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Covid-19 and their relationship with Covid-19 booster vaccination status among women with infertility
Authors: Pratama Gita , Maidarti Mila , Sumapradja Kanadi , Harzif Achmad Kemal , Talya Natasha , Ezekia Kevin , Ampri Irfan Arieqal Hatta
Published: March 2024

Objective:

To elucidate the relationship among knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Covid-19 and their relationship with booster vaccination status among women with infertility.

Methods:

This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was performed online and offline among women with infertility who visited an infertility clinic in Jakarta, Indonesia. We assessed the patient’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Covid- 19 and their relationship with booster vaccination status and sociodemographic profile.

Results:

A total of 178 subjects participated in this study, and most participants (92.6%) had received booster Covid-19 vaccines. From the questionnaire, 74.2% had good knowledge, and 99.4% had good attitudes regarding Covid-19; however, only 57.9% of patients had good practices. A weak positive correlation existed between knowledge and attitudes (r=0.11, P=0.13) and a moderate negative correlation between attitudes and practices (r=-0.44, P=0.56). Participants’ knowledge about vaccines and infertility was correlated with booster vaccination status (P=0.04). Academic background (P=0.01) and attitudes (P=0.01) were also correlated with booster vaccination status. The significant determinants of hesitance of receiving Covid-19 booster vaccines were high school education or below (OR=0.08, 95% CI 0.02-0.36) and poor practices (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.95).

Conclusions:

The majority of the participants had received the Covid-19 booster vaccine and had good knowledge and attitudes but poor practices regarding Covid-19. Most participants had poor knowledge about the relationship between infertility and the Covid- 19 vaccine. The general population should be more informed and reminded about practices to prevent Covid-19 and the relationship between vaccination and fertility to increase the number of people who receive Covid-19 booster vaccines.
Covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy and placental pathology
Authors: Simanjuntak Leo
Published: March 2024

Objective:

To describe and determine the association between Covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy and placental pathology.

Methods:

Conducted in a tertiary hospital in Medan, Indonesia, from April 30th 2022 to June 30th 2022, this single-center cross-sectional study involved Covid-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated women with singleton full-term pregnancies delivering live fetuses via cesarean section. Maternal characteristics, placental pathologies, and the placental index were documented at enrollment. The association between Covid-19 vaccination status and placental pathology was assessed.

Results:

The study enrolled 200 pregnant women, including 110 vaccinated women and 90 unvaccinated women. No significant differences were observed in birthweight (P=0.48), placental index (P=0.48), and placental pathology findings [intervillous bleeding (P=0.20), increased syncytial knots (P=0.83), chorangiosis (P=0.13), villous stromal edema (P=0.13), vascular dilation and congestion (P=0.13), and vascular wall thrombus (P=0.71)] between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.

Conclusions:

This study revealed no statistically significant association between Covid-19 vaccination and placental pathology. The findings support the safety of Covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy, in regards to changes of the placental pathology.
Areca nut – A gift by nature but a sweet poison for oral environment: A comprehensive review
Authors: Aga Nausheen , Vanka Aruna , Shreevats Ruchira , Gupta Sonia , Mohamed Hassan Muna Eisa , Matcheswala Fatema
Published: March 2024

Background:

Nature provides us with a diversity of plants and fruits. These organic plants and the products they produce might have some therapeutic potential that can be applied to the treatment of specific bacterial and pathological disorders of the body. Yet, some of these ingredients may have harmful effects on tissue and health if they are abused. In Hindu culture, areca nuts (ANs) are widely used for food, Ayurvedic medicine, and social and religious purposes. Nonetheless, frequent use may cause some changes to the oral environment.

Aim:

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how AN addiction affects the oral environment and dental health.

Materials and methods:

Electronic research of the published English literature was performed in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases, from 2001 to 2023 using mesh keywords such as (areca nut or betel nut) and (oral tissues or oral cavity or oral environment). A manual search of all the related journals was also performed. We also checked the reference lists of the relevant articles.

Conclusions:

Although the AN plays a positive function in dental and digestive health, excessive ingestion can have negative effects on the environment and oral tissues. The globe is now aware of using this sweetener with caution because of the increased prevalence and incidence of numerous oral illnesses induced by this habit for the last few years, especially in school-age youngsters. It has been discovered that this behavior is linked to even the precancerous diseases and lesions that lead to mouth cancer. Hence, it is essential to persuade them to stop chewing ANs to avoid further difficulties.
Ayurveda treatment strategy in the management of colon cancer in elderly female- A case report
Authors: Mutnuri Vasantha Lakshmi
Published: March 2024

Colorectal cancer, or carcinoma of the colon, is a malignant neoplasm occurring in the large intestine. The cancer occurs due to a bad lifestyle or abnormal diet patterns, along with genetic implications. The modern treatment is often extensive, with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, leaving an array of side effects. A case of colon cancer in an elderly female patient who presented initially with stomatitis, later diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of the colon is reported here. She opted for complete Ayurvedic treatment, which was given for 3 years to attain complete regression of said cancer. The case report aims to present the symptoms, treatment regimens, and dietary modifications of such a case with a basic literature review on Ayurveda treatment of these cancers.
Effect of Flax seed oil and Ashwagandharishta on various behavioral and pharmacological models of depression in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Tanna Ila Revachand , Chandola Hari Mohan
Published: March 2024

Background:

Linum usitatissimum Linn., commonly known as flax seed or linseed, is known to be the richest plant source of alpha linoleic acid, an omega 3 fatty acid, whereas Ashwagandharishta, an Ayurvedic classical formulation, is the treatment remedy for Apasmara (epilepsy), Murchha (syncope), and Unmada (psychosis).

Aim:

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antidepressant effect of flax seed oil and Ashwagandharishta on various behavioral and pharmacological models of depression.

Materials and methods:

The healthy Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into five groups: (i) Normal control i.e., water control, (ii) vehicle control - Milk control (7.4 mL/kg), (iii) flax seed oil with milk (2.6 mL/kg), (iv) Ashwagandharishta (6.5 mL/kg), and (v) flax seed oil with milk followed by Ashwagandharishta (2.6 mL/kg + 7.4 mL/kg+ 6.5 mL/kg). The antidepressant effect was evaluated using behavioral despair test, anti-reserpine test, and L-DOPA potentiation test.

Results:

Flax seed oil, when administered with milk as the vehicle was found to be an excellent antidepressant in behavioral model of depression [P < 0.001 [vs. control]; P < 0.05 [vs. milk]] as well as against reserpine-induced depression (P < 0.05). However, it failed to exert a similar effect in the L-DOPA potentiation test. Whereas Ashwagandharishta showed moderate antidepressant activity in behavior despair test (P < 0.05) as well as against reserpine-induced depression (P < 0.01) and failed to exert L-DOPA potentiating effect.

Conclusion:

Flax seed oil and Ashwagandharishta exhibit a significant antidepressant effect in various behavioral and pharmacological models of depression in Swiss albino mice.
A successful Ayurveda treatment of recurrence severe plaque psoriasis – A case report
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Thiyagaraj K. , Krishnan E. M. Thrijil , Maheshwari Nisha
Published: March 2024

Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatologic diseases characterized by erythematous, sharply demarcated papules and rounded plaques, covered by silvery micaceous scale. It is a lifelong disease with a chronic relapsing course and most patients require a long-term management. About 80%–90% of people living with psoriasis experience plaque psoriasis, the most common variant of the disease. In spite of its prevalence, recurrence is making a serious global problem. In Ayurveda, most of the chronic skin disorders are studied under a common heading Kushtha. In the present case, a 54-year-old male was diagnosed with typical symptoms of plaque psoriasis all over the body for a duration of 5 years. The patient was advised for Samshodhana (therapeutic purgation), followed by Sanshamana (disease specific internal medicine) using drugs Shuddha Gandhaka, Pancha-Nimba Churna, Panchtikta Ghrita, and Aragvadha Phala-Majja Kwatha. Psoriasis area and severity index score reduced from 65.7 to 0.9 which is a marked significant difference. There is no recurrence even after discontinuing the treatment for the last 2 years which makes it worth reporting.
Waste matters: Investigating the knowledge, awareness, and practice of electrical and electronic waste management among undergraduate medical students – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yee Gwendolyn C. J. , Nagalingam Humhashinee , Perera Kottegodage Supipi Peumali , Hen Lim Zhong , Raman Aarthy , Nadarajah Nivedita G. S. , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Moe Soe , Soe Htoo Htoo Kyaw
Published: March 2024

Context:

Handling of electronic and electrical waste (E-waste) has adverse effects on the environment and human well-being. To address the environmental and health risks arising from improper e-waste disposal, it is crucial to foster responsible practices and enhance understanding of e-waste management.

Aims:

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice of e-waste management and association of these factors with demographic variables among undergraduate medical students.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at a private medical university among medical students in Malaysia.

Subjects and Methods:

The selection of participants was done using purposeful sampling, and the questionnaire was distributed in the form of an online survey using Google Forms.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were calculated.

Results:

Out of the 135 medical students surveyed, 39.3% demonstrated a good knowledge and 27.4% displayed a good awareness. In terms of practice, 67.4% of respondents appropriately disposed of electronic gadgets, whereas 41.5% properly disposed of electrical appliances. Notably, no statistically significant associations were found between demographic characteristics and the knowledge, awareness, and practice in e-waste management among the participants.

Conclusions:

Our research emphasizes the insufficient knowledge, awareness, and inadequate implementation of proper practices concerning e-waste management among medical students. Fostering a supportive environment and emphasizing collaborative efforts are crucial steps that empower medical students to actively participate in and contribute to responsible electronic waste practices. This approach enables students to be proactive agents in promoting a greener and more environmentally conscious approach to electronic waste.
Efficacy of matrix rhythm therapy (MaRhyThe©) over conventional therapy on radiation induced trismus-A pilot randomised control trial
Authors: Tanna Rushil Deepak , Pattanshetty Renu B. , Ahmed Imtiaz
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives:

Prevalence of radiation induced trismus in head and neck cancer (HNC) is 38% to 42% globally. Radiation induced trismus depends on the dosage of the radiation therapy and the surgical procedure. Myofascial release (MFR) and Matrix rhythm therapy (MaRhyThe©) are techniques used to treat the myofascial pain and muscular restriction. The present study aimed to compare the effect of MFR and MaRhyThe© on pain, mouth opening, TMJ disability index (TDI), Gothenburg Trismuus Questionnaire (GTQ), Functional Intraoral Glasgow Scale (FIGS) and quality of life in participants with Radiation induced trismus.

Materials and Methodology:

About 30 participants in age group of 18 to 65 years diagnosed with radiation induced trismus were included in the study. All the participants were randomly allocated in 2 groups MFR group and MaRhyThe© group. Both the group received structured exercise program. Primary outcomes were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Vernier Caliper reading for maximum mouth opening. Secondary outcome measure viz. GTQ, TDI, FIGS and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-HN) all obtained values were analyzed at the end of 4th week.

Results:

The present study demonstrated significant improvement in terms of reduction in pain, improvement in maximum mouth opening and in GTQ, TMD, FIGS, and FACT-HN scores in all the participants in both group (p ≤ 0.05). However, the groups showed equal effectiveness in the treatment of radiation induced trismus.
Intracranial ependymoma with extremely rare extraneural metastasis
Authors: Calıs Mehtap D.
Published: March 2024

Ependymomas account for 1–8% of overall brain tumors. They are most common at the age of 3–4 years. Their metastasis is very rare, and extraneural metastasis is even more unusual. In this report, the ependymoma localized in the posterior fossa with metastasis into femoral diaphysis in a 27-year-old male patient, who was treated in 2001, is presented. As we did not have any other cases of patients having a brain and spinal tumor with extraneural metastases even after 21 years, until 2022, this case was found worthy of being presented. When the literature was examined, it was observed that there is still no standard treatment after surgery for ependymomas and their metastasis. Due to their rarity, the general treatment of extraneural metastasis of ependymomas is also under discussion. It is recommended that clinicians consider admitting patients with rare or hard-to-treat tumors to ongoing clinical trials.
Diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology of bone lesions: A study of Tertiary Care Institute
Authors: Chaudhary Ashish , Sharma Sudershan K. , Sharma Neelam , Sharma Reetika , Lal Mukand
Published: March 2024

Aims and Objectives:

The aim is to study the spectrum and cytomorphological features of bone lesions and find out the diagnostic accuracy of Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) on the same.

Materials and Methods:

The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology and Orthopedics in a tertiary institute in north India over a period of 1 year in 55 patients. All the patients were subjected to FNAC of bone lesions followed by tru-cut or open bone biopsy. Cytosmears were stained with May Grunwald Giemsa and Hematoxylin and Eosin were done on biopsy specimens. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated in percentage with a 95% confidence interval with reference to biopsy specimens.

Results:

Two peaks were observed; one between 11 and 40 years with 32 cases and another at 51 and 60 years with 12 cases. The male to female ratio was 1.4:1. In the present study, inflammatory lesions were present in 17 (31%) cases, 2 were tumor-like conditions; 10 (18%) cases of primary benign tumors, 26 (47.2%) cases were malignant. Out of these, 15 (27.2%) were primary malignant bone tumors and 11 (20%) were secondary in nature. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the FNA of bone lesions were 55.17%, 79.04%, and 73.46%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Although there are a few limitations of FNAC such as low cellularity, small representative sample, and hemorrhagic aspirate, it can still be used as an initial diagnostic modality with proper clinical context for the management of bone lesions.
Evaluation of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ expression in gastric cancer tissues
Authors: Jafari Narjes , Khajenabi Fatemeh , Masumi Nastaran , Abediankenari Saeid , Ranjbaran Hossein
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives:

Despite recent advances in understanding the gastric cancer (GC) biology, the precise molecular mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis and role of deregulated immune responses in GC progression are still not well understood. In this study, mRNA levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRA and -DQA1 were assessed in GC patients to find a potential association between expression of these HLA-II molecules and gastric carcinogenesis.

Methods:

Using quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR, mRNA levels of HLA-DRA and -DQA1 were assessed in 20 pairs of matched GC and normal tissues.

Results:

Our results showed that overall mRNA level of HLA-DRA was decreased in the tumor samples relative to control tissues (median fold change [FC] = 0.693; P = 0.445). Overall HLA-DQA1 level was increased in the tumor samples relative to control tissues (median FC = 1.659; P = 0.5117). However, the mentioned data were not statistically significant. Meanwhile, using a ≥ 2.5 FC as the cutoff to determine upregulation or downregulation, 35% of patients showed a downregulated expression of HLA-DRA, while 10% of those showed upregulation in HLA-DRA expression. Upregulation and downregulation of HLA-DQA1 expression were detected, respectively, in 35% and 25% of samples. A strong positive correlation was determined between HLA-DRA and HLA-DQA1 levels in tumor tissues (r = 0.7298; P = 0.0003).

Conclusion:

The results reported here along with future studies can be useful to understand the interplay between immune system and GC, therefore, may be helpful to design an effective immune-based therapy.
Clinical diagnosis and management of multiple cerebral ring-enhancing lesions—study of 50 patients at a tertiary healthcare center
Authors: Patel Ankit , More Bhagirath , Rege Ishant , Ranade Deepak
Published: March 2024

Aim of the Study:

Multiple ring-enhancing lesions are commonly experienced group of brain pathologies which we come across in day-to-day practice. Clinical symptoms in these lesions are quite non-specific, and hence, it is difficult to reach a final diagnosis. However, these lesions have a varied group of differential diagnosis and it is sometimes difficult to have an accurate diagnosis on conventional MRI. This article was written with the objective of discussing the demographical study and etiology, clinical diagnosis and management for these patients.

Materials and Methods:

It is a prospective study carried out at the Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. D Y Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pune, from September 2019 to August 2022 and included 50 patients who presented to us multiple ring-enhancing brain lesions.

Results:

In our study, 50 patients between age (1–70 years) with multiple ring-enhancing lesions were analyzed. Majority of the patients were between age group 30–39 years. Males (76%) were majority in our study than females (24%). Most common pathology was primary neoplasm (glioma) and metastasis, followed by nine patients of pyogenic abscess and tuberculosis each. Neurocysticercosis was seen in eight patients and three patients were diagnosed with CNS lymphoma. Most of our patients presented with headache (38 patients) and a subset of patients had associated seizures (28 patients). Two patients with primary neoplasm were diagnosed to have WHO grade 3 glioma and seven patients were diagnosed to have WHO grade 4 glioma. Glioblastoma multiforme presented as multifocal and multicentric lesions. Among the patients with primary neoplasm, three patients underwent stereotactic biopsy for diagnosis and the rest of seven patients underwent maximum safe resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Ten patients were diagnosed with metastatic lesions, among them six patients underwent stereotactic biopsy for histopathological diagnosis and immunohistochemistry, and rest of the patients were managed on the basis of the primary lesion. Five patients were immune-compromised, among them two patients presented with abscess and three patients presented with primary neoplastic lesion. Thirty-six patients underwent biopsy, among them seven patients underwent frameless, seven patients underwent frame stereotactic biopsy, and the rest 22 patients underwent excision biopsy.

Conclusion:

Multiple ring-enhancing lesions of brain pose a challenge in terms of achieving an accurate diagnosis and planning further treatment. It is of utmost importance to have a diagnosis in mind based on radiological investigations, so that surgical intervention can be planned accordingly be it by invasive or minimal invasive techniques. An idea toward the diagnosis also helps in prognosticating these patients which could avoid costly whole-body scans and unnecessary surgical intervention.
Prognostic microRNAs as biomarkers for prostate cancer
Authors: Palanisamy Hema , Manoharan Jeevitha Priya , Vidyalakshmi Subramanian
Published: March 2024

Objective:

Prostate cancer is the second largest cancer, most commonly diagnosed in men. Several studies reveal that miRNAs (microRNAs) are involved in various stages of prostate cancer. miRNAs are a family of small non-coding RNA species that have been implicated in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The present in silico study aims at identifying miRNA biomarkers that are significantly associated with the regulation of genes involved in prostate cancer.

Methods:

Dataset of miRNA and mRNA of prostate adenocarcinoma patients and controls was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and differential gene expression analysis was carried out. ROC and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed on differentially expressed miRNAs. Pathway analysis was carried out for significant miRNAs, and protein–protein interaction of involved genes and miRNAs was examined.

Results:

A total of 185 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the patients and the control. ROC and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the two miRNAs hsa-mir-133b and hsa-mir-17-5p were found to be significantly associated with prostate cancer prognosis. HAS2 and EPHA10 gene targets of identified miRNA were also differentially expressed. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and the HAS2 gene was found to be interacting with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Conclusion:

This study highlights the potential of hsa-mir-133b and hsa-mir-17-5p miRNAs as biomarkers for the prognosis of prostate cancer. However, further experimental studies are required to validate this finding.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of VEGF, PDGF-B, and HER2/neu expression in gallbladder cancer
Authors: Shukla Pooja , Mishra Kumudesh , Shukla Ratnakar , Vishwakarma Ruchira , Kumari Niraj , Krishnani Narendra , Behari Anu , Kapoor Vinay K.
Published: March 2024

Aim:

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is usually diagnosed in advanced stages with poor survival. The molecular mechanisms of GBC still remain unexplored. Several angiogenesis factors play a pivotal role in tumor progression. We aimed to study the expression of VEGF, PDGF-B, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) and its association with clinicopathological features and survival in GBC.

Materials and Methods:

VEGF, PDGF-B, and HER2/neu expression was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) after histological evaluation in 91 GBC cases. The relationship between these markers and clinicopathological features and survival was explained through the Cox regression model and Kaplan–Meier method.

Results:

VEGF, PDGF-B, and HER2/neu overexpressed in 45, 79, and 68% GBC cases, respectively. VEGF was significantly overexpressed in GBC without gall stones (GS) (p = 0.007) and with moderately and poorly differentiated tumors (p = 0.012). HER2/neu was significantly overexpressed in GBC with GS (p = 0.022). Median overall survival (OS) was 39 months (95% CI: 23–55). In univariate analysis, histological type (adenocarcinoma and papillary) vs. others (signet ring/mucinous/adenosquamous) (p = 0.004), depth of tumor infiltration (p = 0.017), distant metastasis (p = 0.012), and adjuvant therapies (chemotherapy/radiotherapy) (p = 0.083) were associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate survival analysis showed histological type (p = 0.004) and distant metastasis (p = 0.032) to be independent prognostic factors for OS. Histological type (p = 0.002), distant metastasis (p = 0.003), and depth of tumor infiltration (T3-T4) (p = 0.012) showed poor median survival. Poor survival was seen in VEGF and HER2/neu positive cases.

Conclusion:

Overexpression of VEGF, PDGF-B, and HER2/neu might be possible prognostic biomarkers in GBC. Poor survival of VEGF and HER2/neu positive cases indicates the possibilities of using their blockers as therapeutic agents.