bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage as a trigger for Takotsubo syndrome: a comprehensive review
Authors: Wagner Sören , Güthe Thomas , Bhogal Pervinder , Cimpoca Alexandru , Ganslandt Oliver , Bäzner Hansjörg , Henkes Hans
Published: December 2021

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) can result in acute heart failure and lead to a potentially life-threatening complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The incidence of TTS in aSAH is less than 10% of all patients with aSAH, with a preponderance of postmenopausal women. Early indicators of TTS include elevated serum troponin levels and electrocardiographic abnormalities. The key finding is left ventricular wall motion abnormality. Echocardiography and coronary angiography help to establish the diagnosis. Vasopressors, milrinone, levosimendan, insulin, and anticoagulation may be required. The value of beta-blockers is a matter of controversy. TTS must not delay the treatment of a ruptured aneurysm. The clinical outcome in patients with aSAH and TTS is mostly determined by the aSAH and not the TTS.
Determinants of exercise adherence and maintenance among patients with hypertension: a narrative review
Authors: Lopes Susana , Félix Gonçalo , Mesquita-Bastos José , Figueiredo Daniela , Oliveira José , Ribeiro Fernando
Published: December 2021

Treatment options for hypertension have been evolving over time. However, prevalence rates keep increasing and perpetuate hypertension as a major cardiovascular risk factor. Exercise training is effective in reducing blood pressure, cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality, besides improving quality of life. However, participation rates for hypertensive patients remain shockingly low and adherence to exercise training tends to decline following exercise programs. These trends emphasize the need to deepen our knowledge of modifiable intrapersonal, interpersonal, and socioeconomic and environmental factors that help explain exercise adherence among people with hypertension. The present review focuses on the determinants of adherence and long-term maintenance of a physically active lifestyle in hypertensive individuals.
Anti-obesity effects of medicinal plants from Asian countries and related molecular mechanisms: a review
Authors: Chung Sangwon , Park Soo Hyun , Park Jae Ho , Hwang Jin-Taek
Published: December 2021

Medicinal plants have been used as an alternative medicine for obesity prevention, and Asian countries, which are major habitats of various medicinal plant species, have traditionally used these medicines for centuries. Obesity is a global health problem caused by excessive fat accumulation linked to abnormal lipid metabolism, such as adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. Accordingly, the effects of medicinal plants on obesity-related mechanisms and biomarkers have been evaluated in various experimental studies. For example, adipogenesis and lipogenesis are regulated by several transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, and fatty acid synthase. Moreover, activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway is accompanied by promotion of lipolysis. However, few reports have consolidated studies of the effects of various Asian medicinal plants on obesity and related mechanisms. Therefore, in this review, we examined the associations of medicinal plants originating from Asian countries with obesity and discussed the related mechanisms and biomarkers from in vitro and in vivo studies.
Extracorporeal veno-venous ultrafiltration in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Somaschini Alberto , Casirati Amanda , Cornara Stefano , Demarchi Andrea , Mandurino-Mirizzi Alessandro , Androulakis Emmanuel , Lioudaki Eirini
Published: December 2021

Hospitalization for congestive heart failure represents a growing burden for health care systems. Heart failure is characterized by extracellular fluid overload and loop diuretics have been for decades the cornerstone of therapy in these patients. However, extensive use of intra-venous diuretics is characterised by several limitations: risk of worsening renal function and electrolyte imbalance, symptomatic hypotension and development of diuretic resistance. Extracorporealveno-venous ultrafiltration (UF) represents an interesting adjunctive therapy to target congestion in patients with heart failure and fluid overload. UF consists of the mechanical removal of iso-tonic plasma water from the blood through a semipermeable membrane using a pressure gradient generated by a pump. Fluid removal through UF presents several advantages such as removal of higher amount of sodium, predictable effect, limited neuro-hormonal activation, and enhanced spontaneous diuresis and diuretic response. After twenty years of “early” studies, since 2000 some pilot studies and randomized clinical trials with modern devices have been carried out with somehow conflicting results, as discussed in this review. In addition, some practical aspects of UF are addressed.
Should paclitaxel be considered an old generation DCB? The limus era
Authors: di Palma Gaetano , Sanchez-Jimenez Erick Francisco , Lazar Leontin , Cortese Bernardo
Published: December 2021

Since their introduction Drug Coated Balloons (DCBs) have slowly gained their spot into everyday cath-lab practice, first for treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR), more recently for small vessels disease; today a growing body of evidence start supporting their use in more complex lesions, from bifurcations, to large vessels, to acute lesions. Although the new generation of DCBs showed a better performance and safety than the older one, the drug of choice has always been the Paclitaxel; last year some concerns were raised on the safety of Paclitaxel devices, in particular the balloons mining their use. Recently Sirolimus ventured in the DCBs world, making its appearance on cath-lab shelves and becoming a good alternative to Paclitaxel (DCB).
Surgical ventricular restoration for patients with heart failure
Authors: Fatehi Hassanabad Ali , Ali Imtiaz S.
Published: December 2021

On an annual basis, heart failure affects millions of people globally. Despite improvements in medications and percutaneous interventions, heart failure secondary to ischemic cardiomyopathy remains an important health issue. A large proportion of healthcare budgets are also dedicated to complications related to ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Drugs and mechanical devices have an ever-expanding role in our management of this growing patient population. However, cardiac transplantation continues to be the gold standard for treating advanced heart failure. Since there is a limited pool of suitable donor hearts, cardiac transplantation is not a viable option for many patients. Over the past five decades, various forms of surgical ventricular restoration have been proposed as an appealing option for treating heart failure in very select and specific cases. Given the pathophysiology of ischemic cardiomyopathy, literature suggests that, in those particular settings, reasonable results can be achieved by surgically restoring the ventricle to its original geometry. Herein, we explore the evidence on different operative techniques for ventricular restoration. We also present the latest findings for surgical ventricular restoration in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
A narrative review of plant and herbal medicines for delaying diabetic atherosclerosis: an update and future perspectives
Authors: Wang Zi-Chao , Machuki Jeremiah Ong’achwa , Li Meng-Zhen , Li Ke-Xue , Sun Hai-Jian
Published: December 2021

Due to their high prevalence and incidence, diabetes and atherosclerosis are increasingly becoming global public health concerns. Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and disability in type 1 and/or type 2 diabetes patients. Atherosclerosis risk in diabetic patients is obviously higher than that of non-diabetic individuals. Diabetes-related glycolipid metabolism disorder has been shown to play a central role in atherosclerosis development and progression. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia increase the risks for atherosclerosis and plaque necrosis through multiple signaling pathways, such as a prolonged increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory factors in cardiovascular cells. Notwithstanding the great advances in the understanding of the pathologies of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis, the current medical treatments for diabetic atherosclerosis hold undesirable side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to identify novel therapeutic targets or alternative strategies to prevent or treat diabetic atherosclerosis. Burgeoning evidence suggests that plant and herbal medicines are closely linked with healthy benefits for diabetic complications, including diabetic atherosclerosis. In this review, we will overview the utilization of plant and herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of the ethnopharmacological therapeutic potentials against diabetic atherosclerosis are gathered and reviewed. It is foreseeable that the natural constituents from medicinal plants might be a new hope for the treatment of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis.
Scoring systems for the triage and assessment of short-term cardiovascular risk in patients with acute chest pain
Authors: Ashburn Nicklaus P. , O’Neill James C. , Stopyra Jason P. , Mahler Simon A.
Published: December 2021

Acute chest pain is a common emergency department (ED) chief complaint. Evaluating patients for acute coronary syndrome is challenging because missing the diagnosis carries substantial morbidity, mortality, and medicolegal consequences. However, over-testing is associated with increased cost, overcrowding, and possible iatrogenic harm. Over the past two decades, multiple risk scoring systems have been developed to help emergency providers evaluate patients with acute chest pain. The ideal risk score balances safety by achieving high sensitivity and negative predictive value for major adverse cardiovascular events while also being effective in identifying a large proportion of patients for early discharge from the ED. This review examines contemporary risk scores used to risk stratify patients with acute chest pain.
Ambulatory home wearable lung: progress and future directions
Authors: Shah Aakash , Awad Morcos A. , Wu Zhongjun J. , Griffith Bartley P.
Published: December 2021

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) was first implemented as an extension of cardiopulmonary bypass technology. The early use of ECLS in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was discouraging, likely due to limitations of technology and understanding of the disease process. However, over the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion in ECLS use. This ”rebirth” in 2009 was largely driven by the need for ECLS during the Influenza A subtype H1N1 pandemic and the results of the conventional ventilatory support versus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure (CESAR) trial showing improved outcomes in patients with ARDS on ECLS compared to traditional management. Along with the increase in overall use of ECLS, there has been an increase in the number of patients with lung failure who are on long-term support, either awaiting lung recovery or transplantation. Many of these patients are awake, participating in physical rehabilitation, and even ambulating while supported with ECLS. Given the recent advances in patient care, and improvements in ECLS technology, the movement towards home for stable patients supported with ECLS may be on the horizon. Patients supported with ventricular assist devices (VAD) underwent a similar transition towards home in the 1990s, before which they were hospital bound. The road to an ambulatory home wearable lung will likely mirror that pathway. This review will give a brief overview of the transition of VAD patients out of the hospital, the history of ECLS, the current state of ECLS for lung failure, new and upcoming ECLS technology, and hurdles on the road home for ECLS patients.
Back to the future: the role of DCB for the treatment of coronary bifurcation
Authors: Buono Andrea , Maffeo Diego , Pellicano Mariano , De
						Blasio Giuseppe , Tespili Maurizio , Ielasi Alfonso
Published: December 2021

Coronary bifurcation lesion (CBL) is a common but challenging scenario in percutaneous coronary interventions. Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are modern devices with attractive perspective in CBL treatment. In-stent restenosis, small vessel and diffuse de-novo coronary artery disease have been, so far, considered the ideal scenario for DCBs application. Studies assessing DCBs in de-novo CBL demonstrated the safety and efficacy of this strategy. However, the heterogeneity of the study populations and the presence of methodological limitations prevent from drawing definite recommendations. Considering that the best treatment of bifurcations has not yet been defined, the “leaving nothing behind” philosophy will be the topic of future studies.
Effect of stress management training in cardiac rehabilitation among coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Yan , Lan Jing
Published: December 2021

The stress management program is not considered as a part of routine cardiac rehabilitation due to the lack of consensus and inconsistencies in the studies detailing the relation between stress and coronary artery disease. The current meta-analysis is intended to determine the effectiveness of stress management in cardiac rehabilitation. The published literature studies until December 2020 were extracted from various databases and eligible studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment of the selected studies was carried out using Jadad. The literature search of various databases yielded 154 studies and 9 were selected based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. On the Jadad scale, 6 studies obtained a score of 3, whereas the remaining studies obtained a score of 2. Funnel plot findings reported no publication bias. The result of the meta-analysis showed a persistent improvement in Beck depression inventory-2, hospital anxiety scale and hospital depression scale in subjects who had undergone various stress management interventions. The meta-analysis corroborates the benefits of stress management training in cardiac rehabilitation and underscores the need to adopt a stress management program in routine cardiac care.
Evaluation of mitral regurgitation by cardiac magnetic resonance and transthoracic echocardiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Botis Ioannis , Efstathiadou Anthoula , Papanastasiou Christos A. , Kokkinidis Damianos G. , Zegkos Thomas , Efthimiadis Georgios , Kamperidis Vasileios , Khalique Omar K. , Kampaktsis Polydoros N. , Karamitsos Theodoros D.
Published: December 2021

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) have complementary roles in the severity grading of mitral regurgitation (MR). Our objective was to systematically review the correlation of MR severity as assessed by TTE and CMR. We searched MEDLINE and Cochrane Library for original series published between January 1st, 2000 and March 23rd, 2020. We used Cohen’s kappa coefficient to measure agreement between modalities. We plotted a hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristic (HSROC) curve and estimated the area under the curve (AUC) to assess the concordance between the two imaging modalities for the detection of severe MR. We identified 858 studies, of which 65 underwent full-text assessment and 8 were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 718 patients were included (425 males, 59%) in the final analysis. There was significant heterogeneity in the methods used and considerable variation in kappa coefficient, ranging from 0.10 to 0.48. Seven out of eight studies provided the necessary data to plot HSROC curves and calculate the AUC. The AUC for detecting severe MR was 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.86), whereas the AUC for detecting moderate to severe MR was 0.83 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.86). The agreement between TTE and CMR in MR severity evaluation is modest across the entire spectrum of severity grading. However, when focusing on patients with at least moderate MR the concordance between TTE and CMR is very good. Further prospective studies comparing hard clinical endpoints based on the CMR and TTE assessment of MR severity are needed.
Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in pregnancy—a critical review of current evidence and guidelines
Authors: NG Ke Xuan Jessica , LI Ki Fung Cliff , TAN Chong Keat , ONG Paul Jl
Published: December 2021

Treatment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in women during pregnancy is challenging. Current standard treatment for ACS includes coronary angioplasty with guideline-directed medical therapy including aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, which may portend adverse effects to the fetus. ACS increases ischemic and obstetric complications during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Management of these patients necessitates balancing the potential risks and benefits to both maternal and fetal health. We present a case of a 37-year-old female with a background of hypertension and hyperlipidemia who presented with Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The urine pregnancy test that was performed turned positive with an estimated gestational age of four weeks. After counselling on the potential risks and benefits, a diagnostic angiogram was performed which revealed triple vessel disease with critical stenosis in all three vessels. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed successfully with precautions taken to minimize radiation exposure to the fetus. In such cases, there is a fundamental trade-off between maternal and fetal health in the treatment of NSTEMI. Medications used for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome will need to be balanced against the potential risks to the fetus. Invasive coronary angiogram results in exposure to potentially teratogenic ionizing radiation and hence all efforts must be made to minimize exposure. Thus, risks and benefits of treatment ought to be discussed with patients and measures need to be taken to minimize potential harm to both the mother and fetus.
Fenestration of the intima to facilitate successful endovascular repair of a dissecting abdominal aneurysm
Authors: Stankov Zoran , Petrov Ivo , Vasilev Strahil , Yanevska Lyubinka
Published: December 2021

Aortic aneurysm is an enlargement of the aorta with a loss of the arterial wall parallelism. There are several possible causes concerning etiology, one of which is the postsurgical presence of a patent distal false lumen. An aortic aneurysm is mainly seen after a surgery for type A aortic dissection and it represents an important late complication. Even more, in some cases the abdominal aortic aneurysm could be complicated by a patent distal false lumen, which makes it challenging for further treatment. We present a case of a 44-year-old male patient with Marfan syndrome and the history of a surgical repair of type A aortic dissection. He was diagnosed with a large abdominal aortic aneurysm and patent distal false lumen. In this report, we describe our technique and the outcome for endovascular fenestration of the persistent intimal flap and the stent-graft implantation for abdominal aortic aneurysm isolation after the surgery for aortic dissection type A. Our technique presents a novelty approach to patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm, complicated with a patent distal false lumen.
Satisfactory outcome with low activated clotting time in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Hong Jeong In , Hwang Jinwook , Shin Hong Ju
Published: December 2021

Optimal anticoagulation is critical for successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to counterbalance the activation of the coagulation system initiated by the blood-biosurface reaction and mechanical stresses. Systemic anticoagulation is achieved mainly with unfractionated heparin (UFH). Activated clotting time (ACT) is a widely used laboratory parameter to monitor anticoagulation. The therapeutic range of ACT is 180–220 s. We investigated the effect of a lower target ACT (<150 s) during ECMO on safety and outcomes and compared it with those of a conventional target ACT (180–200 s). In this single-center, retrospective study, we reviewed 72 adult patients treated with ECMO from March 2017 to October 2019. We included 43 patients after applying the exclusion criteria and divided them into the low ACT group (<150 s, n = 14, 32.6%) and conventional ACT group (≥150 s, n = 29, 67.4%). There was no difference in the successful weaning from ECMO support (50% vs. 62.1%, p = 0.452) and discharge (50% vs. 41.4%, p = 0.594) rates between the groups. One patient in the conventional ACT group had intracranial hemorrhage. There was one thromboembolic complication case with an intra-circuit thrombus. To date, anticoagulation remains a challenge during ECMO. Our results suggest that a lower target ACT does not necessarily increase the thromboembolic risk during ECMO management. Clinicians may consider anticoagulation with lower ACT target for some patients with careful assessment and close monitoring. Further prospective trials are warranted to validate these results.
Treatment of chronic total occlusion with percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with improved survival as compared to medical treatment alone: insights from a single-centre registry
Authors: Budrys Povilas , Bajoras Vilhelmas , Rees Michael , Saule Ieva Marija , Davidavicius Giedrius , Berukstis Andrius , Baranauskas Arvydas
Published: December 2021

Symptom relief is currently the main indication to perform percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusion (CTO). So far, none of the randomized trials for CTO treatment have demonstrated improved survival after PCI compared to optimal medical treatment (OMT) alone. We investigated whether CTO PCI in addition to OMT could improve survival over OMT alone. Data of 1004 patients with a treated CTO was analysed. Patients with acute coronary syndrome and who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were excluded, thus final study population was 378. According to the treatment received, patients were divided into two groups: CTO PCI + OMT (n = 163) and OMT alone (n = 215). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality during follow-up. The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), revascularization (both CTO artery and non-CTO artery related) and stroke were also analysed as a secondary outcome. The mean follow-up period was 3.55 ± 0.93 years. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Occurrence of MI and repeat revascularization (both CTO vessel related and non-CTO vessel) and stroke did not differ significantly between groups. However, all-cause mortality was more frequent in OMT (19.1%) patients than PCI (10.4%). Patients age ≤70 years (odds ratio (OR) 0.47 [0.26; 0.84], p = 0.01) and CTO PCI (OR 0.51 [0.27; 0.94], p = 0.03) were independent predictors of reduced likelihood of all-cause death. The data from our centre registry demonstrates that CTO PCI is associated with reduced all-cause mortality as compared to medical treatment alone in a real-life setting.
Racial differences in cardiopulmonary outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Egbuche Obiora , Abe Temidayo , Nwokike Shirley I. , Jegede Opeyemi , Mezue Kenechukwu , Olanipekun Titilope , Onuorah Ifeoma , Echols Melvin R.
Published: December 2021

In-hospital acute kidney injury (IH-AKI) has been reported in a significant proportion of patients with COVID-19 and is associated with increased disease burden and poor outcomes. However, the mechanisms of injury are not fully understood. We sought to determine the significance of race on cardiopulmonary outcomes and in-hospital mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with AKI. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients hospitalized in Grady Health System in Atlanta, Georgia between February and July 2020, who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on qualitative polymerase-chain-reaction assay. We evaluated the primary composite outcome of in-hospital cardiac events, and mortality in blacks with AKI versus non-blacks with AKI. In a subgroup analysis, we evaluated the impact of AKI in all blacks and in all non-blacks. Of 293 patients, effective sample size was 267 after all exclusion criteria were applied. The mean age was 61.4 ± 16.7, 39% were female, and 75 (28.1%) had IH-AKI. In multivariable analyses, blacks with IH-AKI were not more likely to have in-hospital cardiac events (aOR 0.3, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.04–1.86, p = 0.18), require ICU stay (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.20–3.25, p = 0.75), acute respiratory distress syndrome (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.16–3.65, p = 0.74), require mechanical ventilation (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.12–2.10, p = 0.35), and in-hospital mortality (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 0.26–7.50, p = 0.70) when compared to non-blacks with IH-AKI. Regardless of race, the presence of AKI was associated with worse outcomes. Black race is not associated with higher risk of in-hospital cardiac events and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who develop AKI. However, blacks with IH-AKI are more likely to have ARDS or die from any cause when compared to blacks without IH-AKI.
Czechs and Slovaks in the Russian Empire (last third of the 19th century – early 20th century)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Science, Serapionova Elena P.
Published: December 2021

The book deals with the historical contacts of Czech, Slovak and Russian peoples, the beginning of mass Czech and Slovak relocation to Russia, Russian official policy towards settlers. The author marks the main centers of their residence, pauses in detail on public organizations created by them, ties with the historical homeland, their participation in the Slavic movement. Special attention is paid to the prominent representatives of the compatriots. The monograph analyzes the social, professional composition of the Czech and Slovak diasporas, evaluates their contribution to the economic and cultural development of Russia. It is based on documents published and identified in the archives of Russia, Czech and Slovak republics, printing masters, memories and literature on the topic. The book is intended for specialists in the history of Russia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, as well as all those interested in the ties of the peoples of the three countries.
USE OF VALVE BRONCHIAL BLOCKING IN TREATMENTOF CHEMO-RESISTANT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors:   SO “National institute of phthisiology and pulmonology named after F. G. Yanovsky NAMS of Ukraine”, Shpak O. I. , Bychkovskyi V. B. , Randiuk O. B. , Opanasenko M. S. , Tereshkovich O. V. , Konik B. N. , Levanda L. I. , Gaidar O. A.
Published: December 2021

O. I. Shpak, V. B. Bychkovskyi, O. B. Randiuk, M. S. Opanasenko, O. V. Tereshkovich, B. N. Konik, O. A. Gaidar, L. I. Levanda Аbstract Endoscopic bronchial valve blocking is a type of interventional bronchoscopy, which makes a therapeutic hypoventilation with the subsequent development of atelectasis in the affected area of the lung while maintaining the drainage function of the blocked bronchus and the cavity of destruction or closure of the bronchial defect by using an endobronchial valve. Aim: to evaluate the results valvular bronchial blocking in patients with chemo-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (CRPTB) instead of surgical intervention or in the postoperative period. Materials and methods. 94 bronchial blockages were performed in patients with CRPTB. The patients were divided into three groups. Group I (36 patients) — a valve was placed during chemotherapy without surgical treatment. Group II (31 patients) — pyopneumothorax with destruction cavity discharge into the pleural cavity. Group III (27 patients) — volume reduction surgery(lobectomy, bilobectomy and pulmonectomy), complicated by the bronchial stump incompetency. Results. In group I favorable outcomes were observed in 27 cases (75,0 %). In patients with pneumothorax, complicated by empyema of the pleural cavity and bronchopulmonary fistula (group II) the favorable outcomes were achieved in 28 (90,3 %) patients. In postoperative patients, undergoing different volume reduction interventions (group III), favorable otcomes were registered in 23 (85,2 %) patients. Conclusion. Valvular bronchial blocking is highly effective method in the treatment of patients with CRPTB and certain complications (empyema of the pleural cavity with bronchopulmonary fistula, failure of the bronchial stump in the postoperative period), and in patients, who already underwent surgery, as well. Key words: chemo-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, complications, bronchial valve blocking, surgical treatment.
EFFECTIVENESS OF METHOTREXATE IN MANAGEMENT OF PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS RELAPSESE
Authors:   SO “National institute of phthisiology and pulmonology named after F. G. Yanovsky NAMS of Ukraine”, Vlasova N. A.
Published: December 2021

EFFECTIVENESS OF METHOTREXATE IN MANAGEMENT OF PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS RELAPSES N. A. Vlasova Abstract Relapses are one of most urgent problems of treatment in pulmonary sarcoidosis patients. There have been demonstrated the correlation between the rate of pulmonary sarcoidosis relapses and previous longterm glucocorticosteroid (GCS) therapy. This makes a feasibility of GCS administration in patients with relapsing disease doubtful. Literature data and author’s clinical experience considering lower incidence of sarcoidosis relapses after the use of immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate (MTX) were the rationale for this study. Aim: to study the efficacy of MTX in treatment of patients with the relapses of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Material and methods. We examined 12 patients (5 males and 7 females, 36-54 years of age) with relapses of pulmonary sarcoidosis, revealed within 12 months after successful completion of main course of methylprednisolone (MP) therapy (clinical cure). MTX was prescribed in dose of 15 mg/week under monthly control of white blood cells and platelets count and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum level. Therapy has been stopped after the complete cure, confirmed by lung computed tomography (CT). The primary endpoint was the long-term outcomes of MTX use – the rate of repeated relapses during 12 months follow-up period following MTX discontinuation. The control group was comprised of 33 patients (males 14, females 19, 30-58 years of age) with relapses of pulmonary sarcoidosis after completion of GCS therapy, treated with MP at initial dose of 24 mg/day. Therapy has been stopped after the complete cure, confirmed by lung CT. The long-term outcomes were assessed at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Additionally, incidence of adverse reactions was compared between groups. Exact Fisher’s test was used to determine the differences between studied variables. Results. No significant differences were found in rate of adverse reactions between study groups (16,7 % in МТХ vs 21,2 % in MP group). At the same time the rate of repeated relapses was lower in MTX than in MP group (25 % vs 57,6 %, respectively, p=0,01993). Conclusion. Use of MTX 15 mg/week in patients with relapses of pulmonary sarcoidosis was associated with less frequent repeated relapses in comparison with conventional use of MP at starting dose 24 mg/day. Key words: pulmonary sarcoidosis, relapse, methotrexate, methylprednisolone.
PREDICTING THE RISK OF LOCAL TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN WITH LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION
Authors:   SO “National institute of phthisiology and pulmonology named after F. G. Yanovsky NAMS of Ukraine”, Bilogortseva O. I. , Dotsenko Y. I. , Sivachenko O. Y. , Arefyeva L. V. , Gorbenko V. V. , Ovsyanitskaya V. A.
Published: December 2021

O. I. Bilogortseva, Y. I. Dotsenko, O. Y. Sivachenko, L. V. Arefyeva, V. V. Gorbenko, V. A. Ovsyanitskaya Abstract Children with LTBI represent a large risk group for reactivation of the tuberculosis process at any time. The available diagnostic methods do not answer the question regarding the risk of local TB formation in them. Aim: to present a model for predicting the risk of developing localized tuberculosis (TB) in children with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Materials and methods: 275 children with LTBI and 116 children with newly diagnosed TB were examined. After ranking 57 clinical signs and risk factors, the most significant of them were identified and their diagnostic coefficients (DC) were determined. The essence of the model is to calculate DCs with further calculation of their sum, based on the numerical value of which it is possible to predict a low and high risk of developing a local form of TB in children with LTBI. Results: The effectiveness of the prognosis model was confirmed by the results of observation of 228 children with LTBI. Using this model, it is possible to predict the low and high risk of developing localized TB in children with LTBI. The values of the diagnostic coefficients can independently predict the course of LTBI in a child. Conclusions: The use of the proposed prognosis model increases the accuracy of predicting the risk of developing a local form of tuberculosis in children with latent tuberculosis infection by 29.4%, compared with the Mantoux test, and to determine the contingents that need additional examination, preventive treatment and dynamic observation by a pediatric phthisiatrician in order to prevent the progression of LTBI into active tuberculosis. In conditions of quarantine and limited access of patients to medical services, the proposed model for predicting the risk of developing localized TB in children with LTBI can serve as an additional tool in the practice of a pediatric phthisiatrician. Key words: children, latent tuberculosis infection, predicting the risk
Effectiveness of complete primary vaccination against COVID-19 at primary care and community level during predominant Delta circulation in Europe: multicentre study analysis by age-group, vaccine brand and time since vaccination, I-MOVE-COVID-19 and ECDC networks, July–August 2021
Authors: Kissling Esther , Hooiveld Mariëtte , Martínez-Baz Iván , Mazagatos Clara , William Naoma , Vilcu Ana-Maria , Kooijman Marjolein N. , Ilić Maja , Domegan Lisa , Machado Ausenda , de Lusignan Simon , Lazar Mihaela , Meijer Adam , Brytting Mia , Casado Itziar , Larrauri Amparo , Murray Josephine-L K. , Behillil Sylvie , de Gier Brechje , Mlinarić Ivan , O'Donnell Joan , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Tsang Ruby , Timnea Olivia , de Lange Marit , Riess Maximilian , Castilla Jesús , Pozo Francisco , Hamilton Mark , Falchi Alessandra , Knol Mirjam J. , Filipović Sanja Kurečić , Dunford Linda , Guiomar Raquel , Cogdale Jade , Cherciu Carmen , Jansen Tessa , Enkirch Theresa , Basile Luca , Connell Jeff , Gomez Verónica , Martín Virginia Sandonis , Bacci Sabrina , Rose Angela MC , Celentano Lucia Pastore , Valenciano Marta
Published: December 2021

IntroductionIn July and August 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant dominated in Europe. We measured COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic infection, using a multicentre test-negative study at primary care/community level in Europe.MethodsPatients presenting with COVID-19/ARI symptoms at primary care/community level in 10 countries were tested for SARS-CoV-2. We measured complete primary course overall VE among those aged 30–44, 45–59, 60–74 and ≥75 years, and among those 30–59 and ≥60 years by vaccine brand and by time since vaccination.ResultsOverall VE was 74% (95%CI: 69–79), 76% (95%CI: 71–80), 63% (95%CI: 48–75), 63% (95%CI: 16–83) among those aged 30–44, 45–59, 60–74 and ≥75 years, respectively. VE among those aged 30–59 years was 78% (95%CI: 75–81), 66% (95%CI: 58–73), 91% (95%CI: 87–94) and 52% (95%CI: 40–61), for Comirnaty, Vaxzevria, Spikevax and COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen, respectively. VE among those aged ≥60 years was 67% (95%CI: 52–77), 65% (95%CI: 48–76), 83% (95%CI: 64–92) for Comirnaty, Vaxzevria and Spikevax, respectively. Comirnaty VE among those aged 30–59 years was 87% (95%CI: 83–89) and 65% (95%CI: 56–71%) at 14–29 days and ≥90 days between vaccination and onset of symptoms, respectively.ConclusionsVE against the symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection varied among brands, ranging from 52–91%. While some waning of the vaccine effect may be present (sample size limited this analysis to only Comirnaty), protection was 65% ≥90 days between vaccination and onset.
ANALISIS DISLIKES TO VIEWS RATIO YOUTUBE PADA 5 MEREK
Authors: Fajar Bagus
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAKYoutube.com, merupakan salah satu situs website yang menggunakan internet untuk menjalankan fiturnya, dimana dengan youtube, seorang pengguna dapat memposting atau menampilkan video maupun animasi agar dapat dilihat dan dinikmati orang banyak. kelebihan Youtube adalah tersedianya berbagai type video yang beraneka ragam yang dapat membantu seorang Video Maker terinspirasi, disamping itu diperkirakan 20 Jam durasi video di upload ke Youtube setiap menitnya dengan 6 miliar views per hari. YouTube juga sebagai salah satu bagian dari social networking dalam kategori media sosial dalam perkembangannya telah menghasilkan berbagai dampak nilai-nilai bagi para penggunanya disamping itu youtube dengan fungsinya yang dapat menciptakan hubungan interaksi dan komunikasi yang sangat dekat antar para penggunannya serta dapat tercipta sebuah situasi adaptasi antar budaya pada masyarakat atau komunitas pengguna dimana dapat menciptakan sebuah transisi satu budaya menjadi budaya yang baru. Youtube juga dapat digunakan untuk kepentingan pribadi,korporasi, maupun sebagai media iklan merek dagang tertentu.
The COVID States Project #74: Parental Concerns Over COVID Vaccines for Kids
Authors: Trujillo Kristin Lunz , Perlis Roy , Santillana Mauricio , Baum Matthew , Lin Jennifer , Lazer David , Pippert Caroline H , Safarpour Alauna , Ognyanova Katherine , Druckman James , Quintana Alexi , Uslu Ata , Green Jon , Qu Hong , Shere Anjuli , Simonson Matthew D
Published: December 2021

In the U.S., children ages 5 and older are now eligible for COVID-19 vaccination, after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine received emergency authorization from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in early November 2021. The vaccine had previously been authorized for youth ages 12-17 in Spring 2021. As of December 16, the CDC reported that more than 7 million vaccine doses had been administered to children ages 5-11, and adverse events of concern –those that were resolved with a mild clinical course– had only been identified in less than a dozen kids.How are parents feeling about childhood COVID-19 vaccination in the face of new authorizations and relatively few adverse events of concern? Previously, we examined parents’ concerns about vaccinating kids against COVID-19 in June 2021 and September 2021. In these earlier reports, we discovered that parents’ top five concerns regarding childhood COVID-19 vaccination were: how new the vaccine is, whether the vaccine has been tested enough, whether the vaccine actually works, the short term side effects of the vaccine, and long term side effects of the vaccine. We found that these five parental concerns increased from June to September across several demographic groups. Further, in a separate report we also found that COVID-19 vaccination rates for minors have plateaued from September to November 2021.Now, using survey data from November 2021, we provide an update on the prevalence of these five parental concerns regarding child COVID-19 vaccination, building on the descriptive report about parental intentions from November 2021 survey data. We also examine tendencies and shifts over time for subpopulations of parents, such as by political partisanship, race/ethnicity, gender and age, population density, education level, and likelihood of vaccinating their kids against COVID-19.
The COVID States Project #73: American Attitudes Toward Critical Race Theory
Authors: Safarpour Alauna , Lazer David , Lin Jennifer , Pippert Caroline H , Druckman James , Baum Matthew , Ognyanova Katherine , Perlis Roy , Santillana Mauricio , Trujillo Kristin Lunz , Uslu Ata , Quintana Alexi , Green Jon , Shere Anjuli , Qu Hong
Published: December 2021

In a few short years, the scholarly approach known as Critical Race Theory (CRT) went from a relatively obscure academic framework to the new front in the American culture wars. CRT has made its way to the front pages of newspapers, cable news show’s primetime specials, Presidential executive orders, and a slate of laws and regulations dictating how history can be taught in public schools. Critical Race Theory1 is an academic movement of scholars who investigate and seek to change the existing power dynamic between race and racism in society.CRT began in the 1970s among legal scholars and has since influenced other fields such as sociology, education, and ethnic studies. CRT consists of several basic tenants or themes, although substantial individual variation exists across scholars. Among these is the notion that race is socially constructed (there is no biological basis for what we think of as race), the idea that racism is normalized as part of everyday society (it is entrenched in modern institutions and policies and can be difficult to combat), and the idea that the dominant group have little incentive to eliminate racism because the current racial hierarchy serves important material and psychological needs. Other themes in CRT include the idea of intersectionality which argues that belonging to multiple oppressed groups is a distinctive experience that is more than just the sum of its parts.
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Amaliah Nur Indah
Published: December 2021

Laporan keuangan merupakan laporan yang menunjukkan kondisi keuangan perusahaan pada saat ini atau dalam suatu periode tertentu. Laporan keuangan perusahaan perlu dianalisis agar dapat memperoleh perkembangan kondisi keuangan perusahaan, diantaranya melalui analisis rasio keuangan dan analisis perbandingan laporan keuangan.
Testing Social Media Advertisements for Animal Advocacy
Authors: Bryant Christopher John , Platt Brian , Vultaggio Anthony , Dillard Courtney
Published: December 2021

We used the Mercy For Animals social media outreach budget to systematically estimate the efficacy of different advertisements on different demographic groups. Based on the click-through rates (CTR: the percentage of impressions resulting in clicks on ads), we observe:1. Animal-based advertisements are more than twice as effective as other types of advertisement, achieving a CTR over 3% compared to just 1.1-1.5% for environment, health, and social adverts.2. Females and older users were more likely to click adverts compared to males and younger users, respectively.3. Specific messages may outperform others within these broad themes. We find that pigs were the most effective animal advert (vs. cows, chickens, and fish), climate change was the most effective environment advert (vs. land use, water use, and deforestation), and chronic disease was the most effective health message (vs. obesity, pathogen contamination, and antibiotic contamination).The findings can be used to inform social media strategy for Mercy For Animals and the broader animal protection movement.
Affect in science communication: A data-driven analysis of TED talks on YouTube
Authors: Fischer Olivia , Jeitziner Loris , Wulff Dirk U.
Published: December 2021

Science communication is evolving as it is increasingly directed at the public rather than at academic peers. Understanding the circumstances under which the public engages with scientific content is therefore crucial to improving science communication. In this article, we investigate the role of affect on audience engagement with a modern form of science communication: TED talks on the social media platform YouTube. We examined how affect valence---a net positive or negative affect---and density---the proportion of affective words---are associated with a talk's popularity---reflecting views and likes---and polarity---reflecting dislikes and comments. We found that the valence of TED talks was associated with both popularity and polarity, with positive valence being linked to higher talk popularity and lower talk polarity. Density, on the other hand, was only associated with popularity, with higher affective density being linked to higher popularity---even more so than valence---but not polarity. Moreover, we observed that the association between affect and engagement was moderated by talk topic, but not whether the talk included scientific content or not. We discuss possible mechanisms and implications of our findings for increasing the effectiveness of science communication.
Music in Secondary Education: Predictors of Music Subject Choices and Associations with Academic Achievement
Authors: Levstek Maruša , Elliott Daniel , Banerjee Robin
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the relationship between music qualification choice and academic performance in secondary education in England at Key Stage 4 (KS4; usually at age 15 and 16). We analysed data from 2257 pupils at 18 educational settings in a city in the southeast of England. Two regression analyses with clustered errors modelled KS4 music qualification choice and GCSE academic achievement in English, Mathematics, and other English Baccalaureate subjects, while controlling for a range of demographic, academic, and socio-economic variables. Choice of music as a subject at KS4 was positively associated with the total volume of KS4 qualifications entered for examination and was also predicted by coming from an affluent neighbourhood. Furthermore, this choice of music at KS4 was associated with greater academic performance on English Baccalaureate subjects above and beyond other significant predictors (gender, language, prior academic achievement, total volume of KS4 qualifications, and neighbourhood socio-economic status; local Cohen’s f-squared = .09). These results point to a small but significant additive effect of studying music at KS4 in relation to performance on core GCSE subjects. We also found that schools with KS4 music qualification choice greater than the national average were higher in overall academic attainment, in the proportion of pupils attending extra-curricular instrumental lessons, and in our composite measure of school’s engagement with a local music education hub. The results are interpreted in light of sociological theories of education in an attempt to better understand the underlying systemic factors affecting youth music engagement.