bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conquering Cervical Cancer in the Commonwealth: Addressing Myths and Misconceptions
Authors: Secretariat Commonwealth
Published: January 2025

Accurate and reliable health information is a cornerstone of effective public health. Conversely, there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that misinformation, misconceptions and myths spread fast and have substantial negative impacts on population health, such as by reducing confidence in vaccines or promoting unproven cancer treatments. In light of this, the global movement to eliminate cervical cancer needs to recognise and integrate measures to dispel myths, misconceptions and misinformation surrounding cervical cancer.
An extension of Wilson's Theorem
Authors: Butov Gennady
Published: January 2025

The aim of this work is to optimize the existing formula based on Wilson's theorem to reduce themagnitude of the computation results.

Wilson's theorem states: if p is a prime number, then (p − 1)! + 1 is divisible by p.The function (p − 1)! increases very rapidly and reaches huge values.When the values of p are large, the calculations become resource-intensive, so it is necessary to reduce the upper limit of the calculation results.
The Alma Project: A Quantum-Based Intensive Treatment Protocol for Complex PTSD and Associated Disorders
Authors: Martinez Renee Simenona
Published: January 2025

This study presents the development and initial implementation of the Alma Project, a novel inpatient treatment protocol for complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) and associated conditions. The protocol integrates quantum computing methodologies with traditional trauma therapy approaches, utilizing controlled environmental conditions and innovative trigger response techniques. The treatment specifically targets veterans, refugees, and survivors of violent crimes, incorporating Quantum Sequence Triplication (QST) and Quantum Operation Supremacy (QOS) methodologies within a structured 7-day cycle format. Initial results demonstrate promising outcomes in reducing symptom severity and improving overall functioning across multiple trauma-related conditions. This paper details the theoretical framework, implementation methodology, and preliminary findings of this groundbreaking approach to trauma treatment.
The Myriad Cylinder Diagnostic Patch and Device with Integrated AR Thermodynamics: A Comprehensive Analysis of Next-Generation Diagnostic Technology
Authors: Martinez Renee Simenona
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive study examines the revolutionary integration of AR Thermodynamics systems with the Myriad Cylinder Diagnostic Patch and Device, representing a significant advancement in portable diagnostic technology. The system combines specialized thermal bonding and division processes through AR thermodynamic devices to achieve unprecedented precision in biological monitoring and material modification. The integration enables advanced diagnostic capabilities through thermal contrasting, quantum sequence triplication, and precise material modification at the cellular level, while maintaining absolute containment for contamination prevention. This study presents the complete technical specifications, methodologies, and applications of this integrated system, demonstrating its potential impact across multiple fields including medicine, nuclear technology, computing, and military operations.
Introduction: The North Atlantic Triangle: ‘For and Against?’
Authors: Silver Lara C. A.
Published: January 2025

This introduction provides some necessary background to the origins of John Bartlet Brebner’s North Atlantic Triangle: The Interplay of Canada, the United States, and Great Britain, published in 1945, which is the subject of this special issue of the London Journal of Canadian Studies. The author – and guest editor of this issue of the journal – also reflects upon the differing views of the journal’s eminent contributors on the significance of the ‘North Atlantic Triangle’ concept that has been regularly debated by historians and political scientists – Canadian, British and American – ever since the book was first published.
Aktuální problémy provádění závazků mezinárodního humanitárního práva v době míru
Authors: Fuchs Jiří
Published: January 2025

This contribution deals with measures that have to be taken in time of peace in order to render states capable of fulfilling all international humanitarian law obligations. It focuses on measures that are necessary due to their nature, rather than measures expressly required by international instruments. These measures involve mainly the coordination of activities of state bodies and other subjects, precautions against the effects of attacks, the preparation of camps for prisoners of war and civilian detainees, identification of persons and the preparation of information bureaus.
Príslušníci ozbrojených síl USA a trestnoprávne stíhanie vojnových zločinov
Authors: Galdunová Katarína
Published: January 2025

The article focuses on the position of US armed forces within national law and the possibilities of investigation and prosecution of US soldiers for war crimes primarily at the national level. The second part of the article aims to point out that even if some amendments were recommended to be implemented in case USA became a party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, ratification of the Rome Statute would not be barred even if they were not adopted. Such a conclusion follows the institutional and material framework set down in the Rome Statute, especially within the application of the principle of complementarity.
MZV a humanitární právo
Authors: Klečková Renáta
Published: January 2025

This article deals with the examination of the measures for the ensuring of the respect of the international humanitarian law in the context of the serious breaches from the standpoint of MFA of the Czech Republic. Those mechanisms are International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission, principle of the universal jurisdiction and international criminal tribunals and courts. All of these measures have some limitation. The issue is whether existing IHL implementing mechanisms are adapted to actual and new challenges.
OSN a ochrana civilistů v ozbrojených konfliktech
Authors: Palouš Martin
Published: January 2025

The article deals with the protection of civilians in armed conflicts. It studies the important
shift to be observed in the UN context in the past decade after the UN Security Council had decided to put this theme on its agenda. Taking into account the nature of conflicts we see emerging in the world after the Cold had ended in 1989 – asymmetrical new wars taking place in the territories of dysfunctional or entirely failed states, whose parties and actors are not only armed forces of these states, but also various paramilitary groups, private militias, liberations movements, etc. – the protection of civilians has become not only a matter of respect for the norms of international humanitarian law, but also an important, maybe even a key question from the point of view of international peace and security. The text analyses the legal concept of protection of civilians in armed conflicts – especially the impact its current development has on rapprochement/amalgamation of so far separated branches of public international law (international humanitarian law, international human rights law, refugee law, international criminal law). It comments on the thematic debates in the Security Council on this topic between 1999 and 2009. It follows the efforts of the Security Council to strengthen the valid international Jaw and its rule in this area, to enforce more vigorously the international responsibility for its violations, to create, in the other words, the climate of compliance instead of climate of impunity.
K objasňování pojmu „přímá účast na nepřátelských akcích“
Authors: Svaček Ondřej
Published: January 2025

Presented paper is focused on the current ICRCʼs initiative to clarify the notion of “direct participation in hostilities” in international humanitarian law which, with respect to civilians, results in lost of protection against direct attack. Author considers the principle of distinction in international humanitarian law, describes ICRCʼs Interpretative Guidance in its personal, substantive and temporal scope and analyzes its most problematic aspects (concept of civilian in non-international armed conflict, revolving doors mechanism, restraint on the use of force). Despite certain doubts whether ICRCʼs Interpretative Guidance merely reflects current lex lata in the area of international humanitarian law or implies reference framework for future international regulation (status of organized armed groups in non-international armed conflict, restraint on the use of force) author comes to the conclusion, that ICRC's work has to be considered as welcomed step forward which shall for sure influence any following discussion over the topic.
Profesní příprava bezpečnostních pracovníků působících v oblasti IZS
Authors: Nečas Stanislav
Published: January 2025

Professional preparation of security personnel active within the IZS (Integrated Emergency System). The article deals with the professional preparation of security staff involved in the IZS (Integrated Emergency System). It puts this issue in perspective of current security situation in Europe. It states that security is an integral part of management. It informs about the bachelor study course of security management at Private College of Economic Studies in Prague Libeň.
Šíření a aplikace MPH v AČR
Authors: Ochmannová Petra
Published: January 2025

Dissemination of international humanitarian Jaw (IHL) rules is according to the Geneva Conventions an obligation of each ratifying State Party. Dissemination and training are an essential condition for practical implementation of IHL. It is an ongoing and important process to ensure that armed forces follow the rules set out by the IHL, thus particularly armed forces must be the focus of the dissemination and training efforts of the States. Duty to follow IHL rules is contained in various legal acts and internal instructions of the Ministry of Defence.
A study on sustainable neem seed collection and utilization practices in selected cluster of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Abudahir S B , Indumathi V M , Moghanalavanya S , Kalpana M , Suganya S
Published: January 2025

Neem (Azadirachta indica), often referred to as the "miracle tree" of India, has attracted considerable interest due to its commercial and therapeutic benefits, evolving from local utilization to global markets, especially in the United States and Australia. Currently, more than 30 neem-based pesticides are produced domestically, highlighting neem's extensive potential across various applications, including neem oil and azadirachtin for pest control. This tree is vital to India's ecosystem, particularly in regions such as Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, where it yields an average of 35 kg of fruit per tree annually. The seeds of the neem tree are economically significant for their oil and medicinal attributes, yielding essential components like azadirachtin and neem cake. This research investigates sustainable practices for neem seed collection, highlighting the importance of appropriate timing, harvesting techniques and training for rural communities to promote ecological sustainability and economic viability. Implementing sustainable methods not only protects the health of neem trees but also establishes reliable income streams for rural residents. The study gathered primary data through interviews with 160 individuals in a designated district of Tamil Nadu, India. Factor analysis was utilized to identify the socio-economic and market factors that affect neem seed collection.
Determinants of the adoption of biological control agents in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Vennelasree V , Divya K , Uma K , Prahadeeswaran M , Ashok K G
Published: January 2025

This study, conducted in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2024, explored the factors influencing farmers' adoption of biological control agents (BCAs). Kurnool, an agriculturally significant region, was divided into four clusters: Kallur, Pathikonda, Kodumur and Panyam. A total of 120 farmers were selected using a convenience sampling method, chosen due to logistical constraints and the exploratory nature of the research. Data were gathered through semi-structured household interviews and supplemented by key informant discussions to provide additional context. The study examined adoption of BCAs as the dependent variable, with independent variables including age, gender, education, primary occupation, farming experience, farm income, farm size, training and membership in agricultural organizations. Analysis using a forward stepwise logistic regression model identified farm size, annual income and training as significant positive factors influencing awareness and adoption of BCAs. Results showed that 25 % of the sampled farmers were using BCAs. Key barriers to adoption included a lack of knowledge, reliance on chemical fertilizers due to entrenched agricultural practices, high costs and limited access to credit. To address these challenges, the study recommends implementing targeted education programs, enhancing access to affordable credit and fostering cooperative networks and public-private partnerships to strengthen collaboration between farmers and agricultural organizations. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive policy measures to support sustainable agricultural practices through the promotion of BCAs.
Inna historia FC Barcelony. Refleksje wokół książki Rogera Vintona
Authors: Kubiaczyk Filip
Published: January 2025

Recenzja: Roger Vinton, La telaraña azulgrana. La historia del poder en el FC Barcelona, trad. Lara A. Serodio, Editorial Península, Barcelona 2024, ss. 382
Nie-Marksowski materializm historyczny: założenia i aplikacje
Authors: Ciesielski Mieszko
Published: January 2025

Recenzja: K. Brzechczyn (red.), Non-Marxian Historical Materialism: Reconstructions and Comparison Poznań Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, 120, Brill, Leiden-Boston 2022, ss. XVII, 298.
Jak opowiedzieć starą baśń na nowo? Czyli rewizja francuskich wojen religijnych
Authors: Ziólkowski Mateusz
Published: January 2025

Recenzja: Hugues Daussy, Un royaume en lambeaux. Une autre histoire des guerres de religion (1555-1598), Labor et Fides, Genève 2022, 270 s.
Nawiązania do życia politycznego czasów stanisławowskich oraz idei filozoficzno-politycznych epoki oświecenia w twórczości teatralnej i parateatralnej Ignacego Potockiego
Authors: Śrama Marcin
Published: January 2025

Ignacy Potocki was one of the foremost actors on the Polish political stage during the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski, particularly during the Great Sejm. Among other things, he was a member of the Commission of National Education. He was also marginally occupied with literature, notably with playwriting. The aim of this paper is to discuss the dramatic oeuvre of Ignacy Potocki and interpret his works in terms of the ideological message they contain.
İZMİT KÖRFEZİ SULAK ALAN KIYISININ UZUN VE KISA DÖNEMLİ DEĞİŞİM SENARYOLARINA GÖRE 2033 VE 2043 YILLARI KIYI DEĞİŞİM MODELLEMESİ
Authors: Uzun Murat
Published: January 2025

Kıyı yönetimi açısından önemli verilerin başında, kıyı çizgisinin geçmişten günümüze değişim analizi ve geleceğe dönük tahminleri bulunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, jeomorfolojik ve antropojenik etkenlerin farklı zamanlarda çeşitli değişimlere yol açtığı İzmit Körfezi sulak alan kıyısının 1975-2023 (uzun) ve 2000-2023 (kısa) dönemlerindeki kıyı değişimlerinin DSAS aracı ile analizi, bu analizlerden üretilen senaryolara göre 2033 ve 2043 yılları kıyı çizgisinin modellenmesi çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada 11 farklı yıla ait Landsat uydu görüntüleri üzerinden NDWI, MNDWI, WRIindisleri ile kıyı çizgileri üretilmiş, DSAS aracında yer alan NSM, SCE, EPR ve LRR istatistikleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Kantitatif ve mekânsal değişimi ortaya konan İzmit Körfezi sulak alan kıyı çizgileri, Kalman Filter modeli ile iki senaryo kapsamında 2033, 2043 yılları için tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmada, antropojenik etkenler ile kıyıda bazı delta sahalarının yoğun erozyon ile gerilediği, Kiraz Dere deltasının önce ilerleyip son yıllarda gerilediği, bazı sahalara kıyı dolgu alanlarının yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Üretilen modeller, kıyıda değişimlerin devam edebileceğini ortaya koymuştur.
TÜRKİYE’DE KAMU YÖNETİMİ VE İŞLETME ALANINDA SENDROMLARA YÖNELİK YAPILMIŞ TEZ ÇALIŞMALARININ İNCELENMESİ: BİR DOKÜMAN ANALİZİ
Authors: Gök Sibel
Published: January 2025

Araştırma Türkiye’de Kamu Yönetimi Ve İşletme Anabilim Dalı’nda Sendromlara yönelik yapılan tez çalışmalarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini Ulusal Tez Merkezinde “Sendrom” kavramının aratılması sonucu ortaya çıkan tezler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, amaçsal örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak belirlenen ölçütler doğrultusunda 3’ü Kamu Yönetimi, 56’sı İşletme Anabilim Dalı’nda olmak üzere toplamda 59 tez çalışmasına ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri, tez sınıflandırma formuna işlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tez çalışmalarında, 8 farklı çalışma grubu ile çalışıldığı tespit edilmiştir. En fazla çalışılan grubun, sağlık personeli ve özel sektör çalışanları olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma deseni olarak en çok korelasyonel (nicel) araştırma deseni tercih edilmiştir. Veri toplama tekniği olarak en çok “ölçek”, en az “görüşme tekniği” kullanılmıştır. Tez çalışmalarında en çok çalışılan sendromların ise “tükenmişlik” ve “cam tavan” sendromlarına yönelik olduğu belirlenmiştir. Analiz edilen bilgiler çalışmanın bulgular kısmında verilmiştir. Bulgular sonucu elde edilen bilgiler, çalışmanın sonuç kısmında tartışılmış ve sendromlara yönelik çalışacak olan araştırmacılara önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
GRUP BİYOGRAFİSİ VE PROSOPOGRAFİ: BİREYSEL HİKAYELERİN KOLEKTİF BAĞLAMINDA TEMATİK DERİNLİK ARAYIŞI
Authors: Aladağ Hüseyin Hilmi
Published: January 2025

Tarihçilerin geçmiş olayları ve toplumları anlama amacıyla kullandığı araştırma yöntemleri, sadece bireylerin değil, aynı zamanda tarihin akışı içinde tezahür etmiş grupların da tarihî etkilerini ortaya koymak açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu yöntemler, bireylerin yaşamlarının ötesine geçerek kolektif deneyimlerin, grup dinamiklerinin ve toplumsal değişimlerin anlaşılmasına imkân tanır. Neticede bu yaklaşımlar, bireylerin ve grupların karmaşık etkileşimleriyle birlikte, tarih boyunca meydana gelen olayların daha derinlemesine çözümlenmesine yardımcı olur. Grup biyografileri ve prosopografiler, bu bağlamda önemli metodolojik araçlar olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada deskriptif yaklaşımla, tarih incelemeleri açısından tarihin failinden ziyade birtakım müştereklikleri bulunan tarihin faillerinin odağa yerleştirilerek onların bireysel hikayelerinin tematik bir kapsayıcılık içinde kolektif bağlamlarının keşfedilebilmesine katkı sağlayabilecek grup biyografisi ve prosopografi üzerinde durulmuştur. Grup biyografisinin ve prosopografik yaklaşımın tarihçilik açısından mahiyeti, hedef ve amaçları, uygulama aşamaları, katkıları ve sınırlılıkları, iki yaklaşımın tanılayıcı özellikleri bağlamında ana hatlarıyla ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır.
UNDERSTANDING FEAR OF MISSING OUT PHENOMENA AND SOCIAL MEDIA USING BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS (2013-2023)
Authors: Emre İlkim Ecem , Güsan Köse Gözde
Published: January 2025

The main purpose of this study is to examine the current status, trend, and direction of research on FOMO behavior on social media with respect to various disciplines. Additionally, this study also aims to identify the variables that in-fluence FOMO behavior (antecedent variables) and the variables that FOMO influences (consequent variables) within the scope of the research examined in this study. In line with the objectives of the study, the scientific literature was identified by bibliometric analysis to specify the main topics, authors, sources, most cited articles, and countries in the literature. The articles published between 2013 and 2023 and indexed in the main collections of the Web of Sci-ence (WoS) were analyzed. In order to reveal the general situation in the literature, a total of 271 studies on the topic were analyzed. In addition, the first 25 most cited articles in this collection were analyzed in detail by field of research, keywords, aim, antecedent variables, consequent variables, and results. As a result of the bibliometric analysis, the concept of FOMO has been studied more in the field of psychology. Subsequently, it was observed that this topic was frequently examined within the framework of business and marketing-oriented studies. It is evident that the studies within the collection in the field of marketing evaluate social comparison orientation, social media engagement, social media usage, and the behavior of sharing fake news.
GDF11 restores the impaired function of EPCs-MA by promoting autophagy: GDF11 ameliorates endothelial progenitor cell aging by promoting autophagy
Authors: Liu Donghua , Zhang Yang , Liu Xin , Huang Qihe , Zhang Xiaofang , Yang Rui , Zhao Yue , Li Penghui , He Jiayi , Zhang Kexiao , Pan Zhenwei , Liu Huiwen , Yang Baofeng
Published: January 2025

Objective

Our study aimed to assess the effects of Growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) on the function of endothelial progenitor cells in middle-age individuals (EPCs-MA) isolated from mouse bone marrow and to explore the mechanistic relationship between GDF11 and age-related ALP impairment.

Methods

Bone marrow-derived EPCs were isolated, culture and GDF11 treatment. In vivo, the mice model of myocardial ischemia (MI) was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and mice were randomly divided into MI group and EPCs transplantation group (EPCs-Y, EPCs-MA, EPCs-MA/GDF11). The positive effect of GDF11 treatment of EPCs-MA on MI was verified by echocardiography and the average ratio of fibrotic area to left ventricular (LV) area. In vitro, the effect of GDF11 on ameliorating EPCs aging by promoting autophagy was confirmed by transwell assay, immunofluorescence staining, characterization of EPCs ultrastructure through transmission electron microscope (TEM), lysosome imaging and Western blot.

Result

Our findings demonstrate that GDF11 enhances the migration capacity of EPCs-MA and improves recovery of impaired cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice, with EPCs isolated from young mice (EPCs-Y) as controls. Moreover, GDF11 restored functional phenotypes of EPCs-MA to levels akin to EPCs-Y, promoting the expression of CD31, endogenous NO synthase, and the restoration of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and CDH5 expression patterns, as well as the formation of Weibel-Palade bodies—key organelles for storage and secretion in endothelial cells and EPCs. Furthermore, GDF11 significantly enhanced the autophagic clearance capability of EPCs-MA by promoting ALP.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that GDF11 ameliorates cardiac function impairment by restoring the activities of EPCs from aging mice through enhanced ALP. These findings suggest that GDF11 may hold therapeutic potential for improving aging-related conditions associated with declined autophagy.
Possible explanation for the neutron lifetime puzzle
Authors: Desai Ashish M.
Published: January 2025

The discrepancy in the measured value of neutron lifetime has significance in big-bang nucleosynthesis and testing the accuracy of the standard model. A discrepancy of approximately 10 s still persists between the average value of the neutron lifetime obtained by storing ultracold neutrons in traps and the most accurate method of using neutrons in beams. This discrepancy is thought to be due to an unknown systematic uncertainty in these experiments or the existence of new physics. This article discusses a possible explanation for this discrepancy in neutron lifetime. This neutron lifetime anomaly is likely attributed to an increase in the decay probability caused by multiple elastic collisions between neutrons and between neutrons and trap walls.
Determination of montelukast and non-sedating antihistamine combination in pharmaceutical dosage forms: A review
Authors: Abu Reid Imad Osman , Osman Sayda Mohamed , Bakheet Somia Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Combining non-sedating antihistamines (NSAs) with montelukast (MON) has been found to significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy against daytime and composite nasal symptoms, including rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching. This article reviews the current analytical methods employed for the identification and quantitative determination of MON in combination with NSAs in various marketed formulations. The most commonly used methods for the determination of MON and NSAs in combination are chromatographic methods (high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] and thin-layer chromatography) and spectrometry methods (spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry). Recent preferences in the analysis of MON and NSAs in combination samples prove the primacy of HPLC (61%) and confirm the general trends moving toward more sensitive methods, with a higher resolution potential, consumption of small quantities of samples and reagents, and requiring less analysis time.
Concurrent Validity and Reliability of In-Person and Supervised Remote STEADI Fall Risk Assessment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Jasper Amie , Karim Rania , Vitente Arvie C. , Rafael Carmina (Minnie) , Tayag Eleazar , Uy Samuel John M. , Baloy Rodiel K. , Lazaro Rolando
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose:

Physical therapists play a vital role in preventing and managing falls in older adults. With advancements in digital health and technology, community fall prevention programs need to adopt valid and reliable telehealth-based assessments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the telehealth-based timed up and go (TUG) test, 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST), and four-stage (4-stage) balance test as functional components of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) fall risk assessment.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of community-dwelling older adults. The TUG, 30s-CST, and 4-stage balance test were administered in random order in 1 session in the participant’s own environment. Performance was scored concurrently by an in-person and synchronous telehealth rater. The video recordings of the performances were scored by an asynchronous telehealth rater on days 1 and 30 for inter- and intra-rater reliability. Additionally, participants performed the TUG test twice, using the distance measured by the participant and the distance measured by the in-person rater. To establish the validity of telehealth-based STEADI fall risk assessments, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Pearson correlation coefficient, and 95% limits of agreement were derived. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were established by calculating ICC using a 2-way mixed model. Bland-Altman plots were created for nonsignificant proportional bias tests.

Results and discussion:

Thirty community-dwelling older adults participated. Based on the STEADI algorithm, 13 participants were classified as having a moderate fall risk. A comparison of in-person and synchronous telehealth ratings showed excellent ICCs (0.97-0.99) and relationships (r = 0.94-0.98). Bland-Altman plots were created for all tests except for the 30s-CST (t = −2.168, P = .04). All tests had good to excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.84-1.00) and intra-rater reliability (0.77-1.00). No adverse events were reported.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that telehealth-administered functional tests in the STEADI fall risk assessment are valid and reliable when technology, environment, camera view, and angle are optimally managed.
Experimental Study on the Axial Compression Performance and Bearing Capacity Calculation Method of Concrete Filled CFRP-PVC Square Tube Column
Authors: Liu Yi , Qiu Qirong , Huang Hongcheng , Yu Yong
Published: January 2025

To explore the mechanical characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer–polyvinyl chloride (CFRP-PVC) square tube confined concrete columns, a set of nine specimens was meticulously crafted, varying in parameters such as the quantity of CFRP layers as well as the width and spacing of CFRP strips. Axial compression tests were conducted to gauge the response of the specimens under stress. Detailed observation of the complete failure process yielded crucial parameters including axial load displacement, peak bearing capacity, ductility coefficient, and axial compression stiffness. The results unveiled distinct failure patterns: specimens under strong restraint exhibited tearing failure at the corners of the CFRP-PVC tube, whereas those with weaker restraint experienced buckling failure of the PVC tube. Moreover, adding a greater number of CFRP layers led to a substantial 46.7 % growth in maximum peak bearing capacity, albeit at the cost of a 34.5 % reduction in ductility. Similarly, widening the CFRP strip resulted in a significant 41.8 % boost in maximum peak bearing capacity and a 9.6 % growth in ductility, surpassing those of specimens lacking CFRP. Remarkably, among specimens with equivalent CFRP content, those featuring CFRP strips spaced at 50 mm and with a width of 50 mm showcased superior mechanical properties. The finite element analysis adeptly replicated the observed cracking behavior. Drawing from the experimental findings and established literature calculation methods, a robust method for determining the axial compressive bearing capacity of CFRP-PVC square tube confined concrete columns is proposed.
Brain state-dependent neocortico-hippocampal network dynamics are modulated by postnatal stimuli
Authors: Shinohara Yoshiaki , Koketsu Shinnosuke , Ohno Nobuhiko , Hirase Hajime , Ueki Takatoshi
Published: January 2025

Neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus discharge synchronously in brain state-dependent manner to transfer information. Published studies have highlighted the temporal coordination of neuronal activities between the hippocampus and a neocortical area, however, how the spatial extent of neocortical activity relates to hippocampal activity remains partially unknown. We imaged mesoscopic neocortical activity while recording hippocampal local field potentials in anesthetized and unanesthetized GCaMP-expressing transgenic mice. We found that neocortical activity elevates around hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWR). SWR-associated neocortical activities occurred predominantly in vision-related regions including visual, retrosplenial and frontal cortex. While pre-SWR neocortical activities were frequently observed in awake and natural sleeping states, post-SWR neocortical activity decreased significantly in the latter. Urethane anesthetized mice also exhibited SWR-correlated calcium elevation, but in longer time scale than observed in natural sleeping mice. During hippocampal theta oscillation states, phase-locked oscillations of calcium activity were observed throughout the entire neocortical areas. In addition, possible environmental effects on neocortico-hippocampal dynamics were assessed in this study by comparing mice reared in ISO (isolated condition) and ENR (enriched environment). In both SWR and theta oscillations, mice reared in ISO exhibited clearer brain state-dependent dynamics than those reared in ENR. Our data demonstrate that the neocortex and hippocampus exhibit heterogeneous activity patterns that characterize brain states, and postnatal experience plays a significant role in modulating these patterns.

Significant StatementThe hippocampus is a center for memory formation. However, the memory formed in the hippocampus is not stored forever, but gradually transferred into the cerebral cortex synchronized activities between the neocortex and hippocampus has been hypothesized (for hippocampus-independent memory see (Sutherland and Rudy, 1989)). However, spatio-temporal dynamics between hippocampus and whole neocortical areas remains partially unexplored. We measured cortical calcium activities with hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) simultaneously and found that the activities of widespread neocortical areas are temporally associated with hippocampal EEG. The neocortico-hippocampal dynamics is primarily regulated by animal awake/sleep state. Even if similar EEG patters were observed, temporal dynamics between the neocortex and hippocampus exhibit distinct patterns between awake and sleep period. In addition, animals’ postnatal experience modulates the dynamics.
Characterizing olfactory brain responses in young infants
Authors: Shanahan Laura K , Mithal Leena B , Messina Marci , Office Emma , Wakschlag Lauren , Seed Patrick , Kahnt Thorsten
Published: January 2025

Odor perception plays a critical role in early human development, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood. To investigate these, we presented appetitive and aversive odors to infants of both sexes at one month of age while recording functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and nasal airflow data. Infants slept during odor presentation to allow MRI scanning. We found that odors evoke robust fMRI activity in bilateral olfactory cortex and thalamus, and that fMRI response magnitudes in olfactory cortex differ across odors. However, in contrast with prior work in adults, we did not find compelling evidence that odor stimuli evoke discriminable fMRI activity patterns in olfactory cortex or thalamus using two different multivariate pattern analysis techniques. Finally, the average inhale airflow rate was higher for appetitive odors than aversive odors, which tentatively suggests that infants could modulate their respiration to reflect odor valence. Overall, these results show strong neural responses to odors at this early developmental stage, and highlight nasal airflow as a behavioral metric for assessing odor preference in infants.

Significance statementThe sense of smell facilitates several adaptive behaviors in infants (e.g., feeding, soothing), but the brain areas supporting infant olfaction are understudied. Here, we delivered appetitive and aversive odors to sleeping infants during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We show that odors evoke activity in olfactory brain regions and thalamus already at one month of age, and activity levels vary across odors in some of these regions (e.g., piriform cortex, amygdala). However, we did not find strong evidence for pattern-based odor information in the same brain areas. Finally, preliminary nasal airflow findings suggest that infants inhale more vigorously in response to appetitive compared to aversive odors. Taken together, these findings advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of infant olfaction.
SnO2 nanoparticle synthesis using coriandrum sativum plant extract: evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity
Authors:   Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Medical Science, Shatrah University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq, Obaid M. A. , Hussein K. A. ,   Pharmaceutical Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq, Khlaf S. A. ,   Ministry of Education, Al-Karkh 3, Al-Fatemiyyat Preparatory, Iraq
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a method for synthesizing SnO2 nanoparticles in an environmentally
benign manner. The nanoparticles are then subjected to analysis to evaluate their structural,
optical, morphological, and anti-bacterial properties. The analysis is conducted using an
extract derived from Coriandrum sativum. XRD FTIR, UV-Vis, AFM, and SEM studies
were used to evaluate the synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles. SnO2 was found to be present in
the rutile phase based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination. The phase had a tetragonal
structure and a crystalline size of 70.83 nm. SnO2 nanoparticles' FTIR spectra show a
distinctive Sn–O–Sn bond vibration band, which spans a frequency range of 580 to 729
(1/cm). The SnO2 sample demonstrates favorable transmission within the wavelength range
of approximately 400 nm to 1100 nm, with a maximum transmittance of 96% at 1100 nm.
The SnO2 nanoparticles possess a direct band gap with a magnitude of 4.51 electron volts
(eV). The root mean square (RMS) roughness was measured to be 2.06129 nm, both overall
and on a grain-wise basis, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, the mean
roughness (Sa) was found to be 1.67382 nm. The SEM investigation indicated that the SnO2
particles had a semispherical shape and formed aggregates like flowers, with protruding
hemispherical ends. The grains exhibited a range of main axis diameters, varying from 0.01
to 0.16 µm, with an average size of 0.1 µm. In addition, SnO2 nanoparticles were utilized
as antimicrobials, efficiently interacting with cell membranes to deactivate bacteria and
fungi.
Evaluating Students' Argumentation Skills Using an Argument-Generating Learning Model Supported Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern in Physics Concepts
Authors: Muslim Muslim , Sihombing Rizky Agassy , Zakwandi Rizki , Karimi Amir
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effectiveness of the Argument-Generating (AG) learning model, supported by Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern, in enhancing students' argumentation skills with a specific focus on the topic of physics. The primary aim is to evaluate how the AG learning model, augmented by Toulmin’s framework, improves students' abilities to construct and defend arguments in the context of physics. Additionally, the research seeks to assess the overall effectiveness of this instructional approach and gather student responses regarding its application. A quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design was utilized, involving 50 third-grade Physics Education students at an LPTK in Bandung. These students were divided into an experimental group of 26 students, who engaged with the physics topic using the AG learning model supported by Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern, and a control group of 24 students, who followed a traditional instructional approach. Quantitative data were collected using an argumentation skills test that assessed students' ability to formulate claims, provide data, construct warrants, and offer backing. The analysis revealed a significant improvement in the argumentation skills of the experimental group, with a very large effect size (d=2.09). This substantial effect indicates that the AG learning model, supported by Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern, significantly enhances students' argumentation skills. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that the Argument-Generating learning model, when integrated with Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern, is highly effective in improving students' argumentation skills in physics, underscoring its potential as a valuable instructional strategy.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A presenting as short stature and congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Kondetimmanahalli Ragini , Lynch Jane , Francis Gary , Gardner Heather , Pillai Radhika
Published: January 2025

Short stature is a common complaint among pediatric visits and the differential diagnosis is extensive. Although some variations in growth are normal, deviation from normal growth is often the first symptom of chronic disease in children. This is true for hormone abnormalities including growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism and glucocorticoid excess. However, reduced growth velocity can also occur as the first sign of chronic anemia, malnutrition, deprivation (psychosocial dwarfism), chromosomal abnormalities, genetic syndromes and inflammatory bowel diseases. For the primary care provider, simple measures of standing height, sitting height, arm span, weight, body mass index (BMI) and bone age (BA) will lead to the correct diagnosis in most short children. Screening laboratory studies for endocrine disorders, a skeletal survey if skeletal disproportion is evident, a karyotype or microarray (microarray favored if developmental delay is also present) and genetic testing for monogenic disorders will lead to a specific diagnosis in an additional subset of short children. This case presented a diagnostic dilemma that spanned all these possibilities and served as a focal point for the review of normal growth and growth abnormalities.

Learning points

Variations in growth can be normal variants (constitutional delay of growth and puberty or familial short stature) but deviation from normal growth can also be the first sign of an underlying pathological process.

Measures of standing height, sitting height, arm span, weight, body mass index (BMI) and bone age (BA) will lead to the correct diagnosis in 50–80% of short children.

Screening laboratory studies for endocrine disorders, a skeletal survey if skeletal disproportion is evident, a karyotype or microarray (microarray is favored if developmental delay is also present) and genetic testing will lead to a specific diagnosis in another 35% of short children.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type 1A is due to a mutation in the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein gene. Multiple hormone resistance often affects thyroid-stimulating hormone and, when presenting in the newborn period, can be misdiagnosed as common forms of congenital hypothyroidism.

Molecular testing is an important component of confirming the diagnosis and PHP subtype, which can help guide management.
Adult hypophosphatasia presenting with recurrent acute joint pain
Authors: Yoshida Hayao , Murakami Takaaki , Ogawa Atsubumi , Sunouchi Takashi , Hidaka Naoko , Ito Nobuaki , Murakami Hiromi , Kawasaki Hidenori , Akiyama Tomoyuki , Nakajima Katsumi , Yabe Daisuke , Yamamoto Taizo
Published: January 2025

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a genetic disorder due to pathological variants in ALPL, the gene encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALP). HPP is typically associated with bone-related symptoms, such as bone deformity, fractures and bone pain in children, but can appear in adults with symptoms resembling arthritis. A 22-year-old male experienced repeated and severe sudden attacks of joint pain in the elbows and knees. Magnetic resonance imaging and joint ultrasonography showed joint effusions indicating chronic inflammation. Blood biochemical tests revealed a remarkably low serum ALP level, and repeated examination confirmed a sustained low ALP level; urine phosphoethanolamine, plasma inorganic pyrophosphate and plasma pyridoxal-5′-phosphate levels were elevated, raising concern for HPP. While the patient had no history of premature loss of primary teeth, fragility fractures, muscle weakness or abnormalities in growth, genetic testing revealed a likely pathogenic and a pathogenic heterozygous variant in the ALPL gene, i.e., c.979T>C (p.Phe327Leu) and c.1559del (p.Leu520Argfs), confirming HPP. Additional genetic testing of his parents showed a heterozygous c.1559del variant in his father and a heterozygous c.979T>C variant in his mother. A diagnosis of adult HPP due to compound heterozygous mutations was therefore confirmed. Enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa was then introduced; no attacks of arthralgia occurred in the 1-year period since then. This case highlights the possibility of HPP in adults who present clinically with repeated joint symptoms and low serum ALP levels but without bone-related symptoms.

Learning points

A diagnosis of adult HPP without bone-related symptoms can be challenging.

A reduction in tissue-nonspecific ALP activity leads to an accumulation of pyrophosphate in the joints, which can cause arthralgia.

Some cases of adult HPP have arthralgia as the only presenting symptom.

At one-year follow-up, enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa might lead to a reduction in arthralgia attacks due to HPP.
A Bitter Pill: The Ethics of Involuntary Treatment of Adolescents With Severe Eating Disorders
Authors: Riss Valerie , Hartman-Munick Sydney M. , Shubkin Catherine D. , Lahey Tim
Published: January 2025

Severe eating disorders (EDs) are a common and increasing threat to normal adolescent health and development. Major clinical challenges include longstanding malnutrition potentially complicated by emergent electrolyte disorders and cardiac dysfunction. The care of adolescents with severe EDs can lead to challenging decisions regarding the initiation of involuntary feeding with restraints. After describing a representative case, we present pertinent ethical challenges involved in the use of involuntary feeding with restraints in adolescents with severe EDs. These include the following: (1) the relationship of involuntary feeding with restraints to evolving adolescent autonomy; (2) why weak efficacy evidence should prompt individualization of involuntary treatment decisions; and (3) how unequal access to ED care complicates decision-making regarding involuntary feeding with restraints. To help clinicians characterize whether involuntary feeding with restraints is ethically permissible in a specific adolescent with severe anorexia nervosa (AN), we propose a 3-step decision-making guide that weighs case features such as magnitude of health threats, whether less invasive treatment options have been tried, patient decision-making capacity, prior response to similar therapies, caregiver support for the plan, and the availability of subsequent steps in expert ED care. Decisions to undertake involuntary feeding with restraints in adolescents with severe AN are intrinsically fraught, but this 3-step decision-making guide can help clinicians identify and weigh pertinent ethical tensions effectively and with transparency.
Equidad y sostenibilidad en la asignación de concesiones de agua en Colombia.
Authors: Brown Sandra , Roa-García María Cecilia
Published: January 2025

A partir de la base de datos de 28.104 concesiones otorgadas en Colombia, se presenta un análisis de cómo se reflejan los principios de equidad y sostenibilidad en la asignación del agua. Las concesiones parecen ser un mecanismo de exclusión, ya que sólo una minoría de usuarios tiene concesiones y la distribución de los volúmenes entre ellos es extremadamente desigual. El coeficiente de Gini calculado con datos del año 2009 para las concesiones otorgadas con fines agrícolas fue de 0,90, en contraste con el Gini de tierra rural de 0,88. Más de la mitad de los departamentos presentan un mayor coeficiente de Gini para el agua que para la tierra, lo que sugiere que las concesiones de agua son tan desigualmente distribuidas como la tierra. Las asignaciones de agua para uso doméstico, agrícola y de generación hidroeléctrica indican una falta de coherencia en los criterios de asignación entre las regiones. Las características volumétricas y administrativas de las concesiones de agua en Colombia, no tienen en cuenta los caudales ambientales ni las preocupaciones de los grupos marginados de la sociedad que tienen limitado acceso a este mecanismo. La asignación del agua asumida como un asunto especialistas, de limitada transparencia y aislada del escrutinio público, no contribuye a la solución de los crecientes conflictos en torno al agua. CC BY-NC-SA Gestión y Ambiente (2016).