bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible Modification of the Structural and Electronic Properties of a Boron Nitride Monolayer by CO Intercalation
Authors: Ng May Ling , Shavorskiy Andrey , Rameshan Christoph , Mikkelsen Anders , Lundgren Edvin , Preobrajenski Alexei , Bluhm Hendrik
Published: February 2015

We demonstrate the reversible intercalation of CO between a hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) monolayer and a Rh(111) substrate above a threshold CO pressure of 0.01 mbar at room temperature. The intercalation of CO results in the flattening of the originally corrugated h‐BN nanomesh and an electronic decoupling of the BN layer from the Rh substrate. The intercalated CO molecules assume a coverage and adsorption site distribution comparable to that on the free Rh(111) surface at similar conditions. The pristine h‐BN nanomesh is reinstated upon heating to above 625 K. These observations may open up opportunities for a reversible tuning of the electronic and structural properties of monolayer BN films.
Cis‐regulatory control of human GLI2 expression in the developing neural tube and limb bud
Authors: Minhas Rashid , Pauls Stefan , Ali Shahid , Doglio Laura , Khan Muhammad Ramzan , Elgar Greg , Abbasi Amir Ali
Published: February 2015

Background: GLI2, a zinc finger transcription factor, mediates Sonic hedgehog signaling, a critical pathway in vertebrate embryogenesis. GLI2 has been implicated in diverse set of embryonic developmental processes, including patterning of central nervous system and limbs. In humans, mutations in GLI2 are associated with several developmental defects, including holoprosencephaly and polydactyly. Results: Here, we demonstrate in transient transgenic zebrafish assays, the potential of a subset of tetrapod‐teleost conserved non‐coding elements (CNEs) residing within human GLI2 intronic intervals to induce reporter gene expression at known regions of endogenous GLI2 transcription. The regulatory activities of these elements are observed in several embryonic domains, including neural tube and pectoral fin. Moreover, our data reveal an overlapping expression profile of duplicated copies of an enhancer during zebrafish evolution. Conclusions: Our data suggest that during vertebrate history GLI2 acquired a high level of complexity in the genetic mechanisms regulating its expression during spatiotemporal patterning of the central nervous system (CNS) and limbs. Developmental Dynamics 244:681–692, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Syntheses, Structures, and Photophysical Properties of Eu and Lu Diketonates with a Neutral Polydentate Imidazolylmethanamine Ligand
Authors: Kisel Kristina S. , Linti Gerald , Starova Galina L. , Sizov Vladimir V. , Melnikov Alexei S. , Pushkarev Anatoly P. , Bochkarev Mikhail N. , Grachova Elena V. , Tunik Sergey P.
Published: February 2015

The Schiff base NNO ligand 1‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐N‐[(2‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)methylene]methanamine was synthesized and structurally characterized by XRD crystallography, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. Quantum‐chemical calculations revealed conformational flexibility of the ligand backbone to give two different conformations with nearly equal ground‐state energies. The orientation of two nitrogen atoms and the oxygen atom in one conformation is a good fit for the NNO tridentate coordination mode, whereas the other would allow the NN coordination mode only. Two lanthanide complexes [Ln(tta)3(NNO)] (Ln = EuIII and LuIII; tta = thenoyltrifluoroacetone) were prepared and studied spectroscopically. The structures of the complexes were optimized by the DFT approach. The NNO ligand in the Eu complex displays tridentate NNO coordination, whereas the ligand is only NN‐coordinated in the Lu complex. The Eu complex shows bright red metal‐centered phosphorescence under excitation into the ligand (π–π*) absorption bands with a quantum yield of ca. 80 % and a lifetime of 580 μs. A mechanism for energy transfer between the ligands and metal centers was suggested and confirmed by DFT and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) studies. An organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device based on the Eu complex incorporated into a poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) matrix was prepared. A study of the characteristics of the device revealed electrochromism of the system owing to variations in the efficacy of metal‐centered and matrix emission at different strengths of applied electric field.
Lanthanoid Induced C–F Activation of All Fluorine Atoms of One CF3 Group
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C. , Werner Daniel
Published: February 2015

The lanthanum formamidinate complex [La(CF3Form)3] {CF3FormH = N,N′‐bis(2‐trifluoromethylphenyl)formamidine}, which has six La–F interactions in the solid‐state structure, readily undergoes C–F activation of all fluorine atoms of one CF3 group to give LaF3, and two isomeric polytrifluoromethylphenyl‐substituted polyamidines, one containing a 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinazoline heterocyclic core.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C–H Bond Acylation of Acetanilides with Benzylic Alcohols under Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Luo Feihua , Yang Jun , Li Zhengkai , Xiang Haifeng , Zhou Xiangge
Published: February 2015

Palladium‐catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling reactions between acetanilides and benzylic alcohols under aqueous conditions are reported. A wide range of benzophenone derivatives could be obtained in good to excellent yields up to 98 %. Mechanism studies showed that a bimetallic palladium cyclopalladated complex might be involved in the catalysis.
Who can benefit from virtual reality to reduce experimental pain? A crossover study in healthy subjects
Authors: Demeter N. , Josman N. , Eisenberg E. , Pud D.
Published: February 2015

Background

The present study aimed to identify predicting factors affecting experimental pain stimuli reduction by using ‘EyeToy’, which is an Immersive Virtual Reality System (IVRS).

Methods

Sixty‐two healthy subjects (31 M, 31 F) underwent a battery of pain tests to determine each participant's baseline sensitivity to nociceptive. The battery included thermal pain tests (hot and cold) as well as a paradigm to induce conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Later on, each subject participated in two study conditions in random order: (1) An exposure to tonic heat stimulation (46.5 °C/135 s) to the ankle while participating in VR environment which included an activity requiring limb movements; (2) Same heat stimulation with no exposure to VR. Six pain measures were taken during each study condition (baseline, test 1–5).

Results

An interaction of time × treatment was found (RM ANOVA, F(5, 305) = 24.33, p < 0.001, η² = 0.28). Specifically, the reduction in pain score between baseline and test 1 was significantly greater in VR condition than in control (p < 0.001). The maximal pain reduction in both conditions was between baseline and test 1. Hierarchical regression revealed gender and the extent of CPM as predictive factors for pain reduction in the VR condition (6.1% and 7.5%, respectively).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that VR can serve as an effective manipulation for pain reduction in individuals with efficient CPM and in women. These findings constitute a promising platform for future research and hold potential for the improvement and facilitation of clinical treatment.
Predicting the Distribution of Stock Returns: Model Formulation, Statistical Evaluation, VaR Analysis and Economic Significance
Authors: Massacci Daniele
Published: February 2015

A large literature has investigated predictability of the conditional mean of low‐frequency stock returns by macroeconomic and financial variables; however, little is known about predictability of the conditional distribution. We look at one‐step‐ahead out‐of‐sample predictability of the conditional distribution of monthly US stock returns in relation to the macroeconomic and financial environment. Our methodological approach is innovative: we consider several specifications for the conditional density and combinations schemes. Our results are as follows: the entire density is predicted under combination schemes as applied to univariate GARCH models with Gaussian innovations; the Bayesian winner in relation to GARCH‐skewed‐t models is informative about the 5% value at risk; the average realised utility of a mean–variance investor is maximised under the Bayesian winner as applied to GARCH models with symmetric Student t innovations. Our results have two implications: the best prediction model depends on the evaluation criterion; and combination schemes outperform individual models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug‐induced allergic hepatitis develops in mice when myeloid‐derived suppressor cells are depleted prior to halothane treatment
Authors: Chakraborty Mala , Fullerton Aaron M. , Semple Kenrick , Chea Lynette S. , Proctor William R. , Bourdi Mohammed , Kleiner David E. , Zeng Xiangbin , Ryan Pauline M. , Dagur Pradeep K. , Berkson Julia D. , Reilly Timothy P. , Pohl Lance R.
Published: February 2015

Clinical evidence suggests that many cases of serious idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury are mediated by the adaptive immune system in response to hepatic drug‐protein adducts, also referred to as “drug‐induced allergic hepatitis”; but detailed mechanistic proof has remained elusive due to the lack of animal models. We have hypothesized that drug‐induced allergic hepatitis is as rare in animals as it is in humans due at least in part to the tolerogenic nature of the liver. We provide evidence that immune tolerance can be overcome in a murine model of halothane‐induced liver injury initiated by trifluoroacetylated protein adducts of halothane formed in the liver. Twenty‐four hours after female Balb/cJ mice were initially treated with halothane, perivenous necrosis and an infiltration of CD11b+Gr‐1high cells were observed in the liver. Further study revealed a subpopulation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells within the CD11b+Gr‐1high cell fraction that inhibited the proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. When CD11b+Gr‐1high cells were depleted from the liver with Gr‐1 antibody treatment, enhanced liver injury was observed at 9 days after halothane rechallenge. Toxicity was associated with increased serum levels of interleukin‐4 and immunoglobulins G1 and E directed against hepatic trifluoroacetylated protein adducts, as well as increased hepatic infiltration of eosinophils and CD4+ T cells, all features of an allergic reaction. When hepatic CD4+ T cells were depleted 5 days after halothane rechallenge, trifluoroacetylated protein adduct–specific serum immunoglobulin and hepatotoxicity were reduced. Conclusion: Our data provide a rational approach for developing animal models of drug‐induced allergic hepatitis mediated by the adaptive immune system and suggest that impaired liver tolerance may predispose patients to this disease. (Hepatology 2015;62:546–557
Comparison of Response of DRI Oxycodone Semiquantitative Immunoassay With True Oxycodone Values Determined by Liquid Chromatography Combined With Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Sensitivity of the DRI Assay at 100 ng/ml Cut‐Off and Validity of Semiquantitative Value
Authors: Dixon R. Brent , Davis Bonnette , Dasgupta Amitava
Published: February 2015

Objective

Oxycodone is a widely used opioid for pain management and patient's compliance with therapy is often monitored by using oxycodone immunoassay. The performance of the DRI oxycodone immunoassay was compared with liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay.

Materials and Methods

In 48 urine specimens collected from patients taking oxycodone, urinary oxycodone concentrations were determined using LC/MS/MS and the DRI oxycodone immunoassay for application on the Cobas c 501 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN).

Results

Out of 48 specimens, 14 specimens showed oxycodone value less than 100 ng/ml, seven specimens had low positive values (between 101 and 165 ng/ml) and all other specimens had values 165 to 1789 ng/ml using the LC/MS/MS assay. The DRI oxycodone assay successfully identified all oxycodone specimens with oxycodone concentrations over the 100 ng/ml. In addition, the DRI assay also showed positive response in 11 out of 14 specimens with oxycodone values less than 100 ng/ml. However, semiquantitative values obtained by the DRI assay did not match with true oxycodone and metabolite oxymorphone concentrations combined obtained by using LC/MS/MS.

Conclusions

DRI oxycodone immunoassay at 100 ng/ml is a reliable immunoassay for analysis of oxycodone in urine.
Dynamic hydrogen bonding and DNA flexibility in minor groove binders: molecular dynamics simulation of the polyamide f‐ImPyIm bound to the Mlu1 (MCB) sequence 5′‐ACGCGT‐3′ in 2:1 motif
Authors: Bruce Chrystal D. , Ferrara Maddi M. , Manka Julie L. , Davis Zachary S. , Register Janna
Published: February 2015

Molecular dynamics simulations of the DNA 10‐mer 5′‐CCACGCGTGG‐3′ alone and complexed with the formamido‐imidazole‐pyrrole‐imidazole (f‐ImPyIm) polyamide minor groove binder in a 2:1 fashion were conducted for 50 ns using the pbsc0 parameters within the AMBER 12 software package. The change in DNA structure upon binding of f‐ImPyIm was evaluated via minor groove width and depth, base pair parameters of Slide, Twist, Roll, Stretch, Stagger, Opening, Propeller, and x‐displacement, dihedral angle distributions of ζ, ε, α, and γ determined using the Curves+ software program, and hydrogen bond formation. The dynamic hydrogen bonding between the f‐ImPyIm and its cognate DNA sequence was compared to the static image used to predict sequence recognition by polyamide minor groove binders. Many of the predicted hydrogen bonds were present in less than 50% of the simulation; however, persistent hydrogen bonds between G5/15 and the formamido group of f‐ImPyIm were observed. It was determined that the DNA is wider in the Complex than without the polyamide binder; however, there is flexibility in this particular sequence, even in the presence of the f‐ImPyIm as evidenced by the range of minor groove widths the DNA exhibits and the dynamics of the hydrogen bonding that binds the two f‐ImPyIm ions to the minor groove. The Complex consisting of the DNA and the 2 f‐ImPyIm binders shows slight fraying of the 5′ end of the 10‐mer at the end of the simulation, but the portion of the oligomer responsible for recognition and binding is stable throughout the simulation. Several structural changes in the Complex indicate that minor groove binders may have a more active role in inhibiting transcription than just preventing binding of important transcription factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical analysis of optical polarization properties in semipolar and nonpolar InGaN quantum wells for precise determination of valence‐band parameters in InGaN alloy material
Authors: Sakai Shigeta , Yamaguchi Atsushi A.
Published: February 2015

In order to make a precise determination of InGaN material parameters (valence‐band A parameters and deformation potentials), reported experimental data on polarization properties have been analyzed by the k·p perturbation theory, in which we utilized fact that the polarization properties are sensitive to the material parameters. It is found that the polarization properties are largely affected by the deformation potentials while the valence‐band A parameters have small effects. In addition, it is found that two deformation potentials’ sets roughly fit with the reported experimental data. From the calculation using these two parameters’ sets, it is predicted that low‐angle semipolar substrate orientation (θ = 30°–40°) are promising for low‐cost and high‐performance green laser diodes with cleaved facet cavity mirrors. These results support our previous prediction based on analytical calculations.
Dimensional and defectivity nanometrology of directed self‐assembly patterns
Authors: Simão C. , Tuchapsky D. , Khunsin W. , Amann A. , Morris M. A. , Torres C. M. Sotomayor
Published: February 2015

Defectivity and dimensional metrology are two main challenges in lithography due to the increasing miniaturisation of circuits. Particularly, bottom‐up alternative lithographic masks from directed self‐assembly systems have been extending the limits of critical dimensions in a cost‐effective manner although great challenges in controlling defectivity remain open. To gain insights about the percentage of alignment, defectivity and order quantification, block copolymer fingerprints were investigated via an image analysis methodology. Here we present the analysis of hexagonal phase of polystyrene‐b‐polydimethylsiloxane (PS‐b‐PDMS) forming linear patterns in topological substrates. From our methodology, we have performed dimensional metrology estimating pitch size and error, and the linewidth of the lines was estimated. In parallel, the methodology allowed us identification and quantification of typical defects observable in self‐assembly, such as turning points, disclination or branching points, break or lone points and end points. The methodology presented here represents a step forward in dimensional metrology and defect analysis of self‐ and directed assembly systems. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bauen im Bestand: Ersatzneubau der ersten Hochbrücke Levensau bei Kiel
Authors: Janßen Thomas
Published: February 2015

Vor den Toren der Schleswig‐Holsteinischen Landeshauptstadt Kiel wird im Zuge der Verbreiterung der Oststrecke des Nord‐Ostsee‐Kanals der Neubau einer über 241 m spannenden kombinierten Straßen‐ und Eisenbahnbrücke in Stahlbauweise als Ersatz für die 1894 errichtete erste Hochbrücke Levensau vorbereitet. Außergewöhnliche Berücksichtigung bei der Planungsvorbereitung gilt der weitgehenden Aufrechterhaltung des Schienen‐ und Schiffsverkehr auf und unterhalb des bestehenden Bauwerkes sowie dem zu garantierenden Erhalt eines sich in den Bestandswiderlagern befindenden EU‐kartierten Fledermauswinterquartiers.

Neben den Randbedingungen aus Verkehrsführung und Artenschutz ist für die Planung die Berücksichtigung der genehmigungsrelevanten Belange des angrenzenden allgemeinen Wohngebietes von besonderem Interesse. Die Ergebnisse der komplexen Grundlagenermittlungen und der nach EU‐weit ausgeschriebenem Ingenieur‐ und Architektenwettbewerb vergebenen Planungsleistungen sollen hier vorgestellt werden.

Design and construction in existing contexts: Replacement of the first High Bridge Levensau. Not far from Kiel, the capital city of Schleswig‐Holstein, the first Levensau High Bridge (Hochbruecke Levensau) built in 1894, is being replaced by a combined rail and road steel bridge with a span of over 241 m. During construction special attention was paid to the maintenance of railway traffic and shipping and to the preservation of a winter hibernation site for bats.
Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Lamellenstößen bei Vollwandträgern mit dicken Gurten
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Kudla Konrad
Published: February 2015

Der Beitrag stellt Forschungsergebnisse von experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen zur Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Lamellenstößen bei Vollwandträgern mit dicken Gurten vor. Kern der Betrachtung ist der Einfluss der Blechdicken auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit des als Montagestoß geschweißten Vollstoßes. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass der Ort der Kerbe, Stirnfugennaht oder Schweißnahtübergang, die Ermüdungsfestigkeit bestimmt, aber eben auch dass gewisse Ungänzen zum Beispiel an der Stirnfugennaht nicht zwangsläufig zu einer schlechten Kerbfalleinordnung führen. Ausgehend von den durchgeführten Versuchen und numerischen Studien wird eine mögliche Kerbfalleinordnung für den baupraktischen Nachweis hergeleitet.

Fatigue resistance of lamella joints of plated steel girders with thick flanges – experimental and numerical investigations. Experimental and numerical investigations on the fatigue resistance of lamella joints of plated steel girders with thick flanges This article presents the research results of the experimental and numerical investigations on the fatigue resistance of lamella joints of plated steel girders with thick flanges. The focus lies on the influence of the size plate thicknesses on the fatigue resistance welded butt joint assembled on site. The investigations show that the location of the notch, weld toe or end grove weld, has a strong impact on the fatigue resistance and also that certain irregularities e.g. at the end grove weld do not necessarily lead to a reduction of the detail category. On the basis of the experiments and numerical studies the possible classification into a detail category for the fatigue design is derived for the welded lamella joints.
Postoperative Complications Affect Long‐Term Survival Outcomes Following Hepatic Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Yin Zi , Huang Xiande , Ma Tingting , Jin Haosheng , Lin Ye , Yu Min , Jian Zhixiang
Published: February 2015

Background

The impact of postoperative complications (POCs) on long‐term survival outcomes following hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is in controversy. The aim of the present meta‐analysis was to systematically evaluate the POC effect on overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients undergoing hepatic resection for CRLM.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all observational studies to evaluate the POC effect on OS and DFS in patients undergoing hepatic resection for CRLM. A search for all major databases and relevant journals from inception to January 2014 without restriction on languages or regions was performed. POCs were extracted and graded according to a validated system of classification. Outcome measures were postoperative 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 10‐year OSs and DFSs. Both random‐effects and fixed‐effect models were used to pool the hazard ratios (HRs) of the survival outcomes. Test of heterogeneity was performed with the Q statistic.

Results

A total of 2370 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Both 5‐ and 10‐year postoperative OSs showed significant decreases in patients with POCs (HR = 1.52; 95 % CI 1.27–1.83; P < 0.001 and HR = 1.36; 95 % CI 1.18–1.58; P < 0.001, respectively). Similar outcomes were also observed in terms of DFSs, with the 5‐ and 10‐year HRs found to be 1.37 (95 % CI 1.23–1.53; P < 0.001) and 1.34 (95 % CI 1.17–1.53; P < 0.001), respectively, compared to no POC group.

Conclusions

POCs are strongly related to long‐term oncologic outcomes following hepatic resection for CRLM. Further efforts to refine surgical technique and postoperative management to avoid complications may improve the long‐term oncological outcomes of the selected patients.
HPV vaccination: The most pragmatic cervical cancer primary prevention strategy
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy
Published: February 2015

The evidence that high‐risk HPV infections cause cervical cancers has led to two new approaches for cervical cancer control: vaccination to prevent HPV infections, and HPV screening to detect and treat cervical precancerous lesions. Two vaccines are currently available: quadrivalent vaccine targeting oncogenic HPV types 16, 18, 6, and 11, and bivalent vaccine targeting HPV 16 and 18. Both vaccines have demonstrated remarkable immunogenicity and substantial protection against persistent infection and high‐grade cervical cancer precursors caused by HPV 16 and 18 in HPV‐naïve women, and have the potential to prevent 70% of cervical cancers in adequately vaccinated populations. HPV vaccination is now implemented in national programs in 62 countries, including some low‐ and middle‐income countries. The early findings from routine national programs in high‐income countries are instructive to encourage low‐ and middle‐income countries with a high risk of cervical cancer to roll out HPV vaccination programs and to introduce resource‐appropriate cervical screening programs.
Substrate adaptations of sessile benthic metazoans during the Cambrian radiation
Authors: Kloss Tristan J. , Dornbos Stephen Q. , Chen Junyuan
Published: February 2015

Many marine benthic metazoans must stabilize themselves upon the seafloor for survival, and as a result their morphologies are controlled in part by local substrate conditions. The Agronomic Revolution (AR), spurred by increasing vertical bioturbation during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, permanently altered the nature of shallow marine substrate conditions and led to a major shift in adaptive strategies among benthic metazoans. These ecological and evolutionary changes, known as the Cambrian Substrate Revolution (CSR), are generally understood from observations of benthic metazoan fossils across the Ediacaran/Cambrian boundary, but the timing and geographic extent of this transition are less well known. This analysis attempts to constrain the temporal and spatial pattern of the AR and CSR by performing a global-scale paleoecological analysis of the adaptive strategies of benthic fauna living during the Cambrian. This analysis focused on Burgess Shale-type (BST) faunas because of their exceptional preservation, and was conducted through direct observation of fossil specimens, analysis of data compiled from the Paleobiology Database, and literature review. From these analyses, faunal groups are assigned a metric, the Substrate Adaptability Index (SAI), that relates the overall affinity the fauna demonstrates toward either Proterozoic-style (SAI=0) or Phanerozoic-style (SAI=1) substrate conditions. The results of this analysis demonstrate that most early and middle Cambrian faunas were mixtures of Phanerozoic- and Proterozoic-style adaptive strategists, suggesting that Proterozoic-style substrates were still influential in controlling adaptive strategies in marine environments until at least that time. This is further supported by ichnofabric analysis of many of these localities, where overall bioturbation levels are exceedingly low, indicating a lack of mixed-layer development and the prevalence of firm Proterozoic-style substrates well into the Cambrian.
Identifying essential ecological factors underpinning the development of a conservation plan for the Endangered Australian tree Alectryon ramiflorus
Authors: Brown Peter J. , Wormington Kevin R. , Brown Philip
Published: February 2015

Reintroduction of rare and threatened species often fails to yield quantifiable conservation benefits because insufficient attention is focused on the species’ habitat requirements and biology. We demonstrate the value of such data in informing a recovery plan for Alectryon ramiflorus S.Reyn. (Sapindaceae), a tree species endemic to a region on the southern coast of Queensland, Australia. When the species was categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List in 1997 the total known population consisted of only 26 adult plants, in five disjunct populations in remnant patches of native vegetation. Analysis of vegetation type, soil chemistry and composition data comparing remnant patches with and without A. ramiflorus revealed that the species is not restricted to a specific soil type but prefers sites with relatively fertile soil and a more complex vegetation structure. The species is cryptically dioecious, displays asynchronous flowering between individuals, and requires insect-vectored pollination. The low rate of seedling production recorded within individual patches was attributed to the scarcity of trees of both genders, asynchronous flowering of individual trees and, in smaller patches, a sparse population of pollinating insect species. Successful reintroduction of A. ramiflorus will require consideration of these aspects of demographic success. The findings highlight the importance to species recovery plans of the knowledge of habitat requirements, interspecific relationships and critical dependencies, as well as species reproductive biology.
ROMANCES OF UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT: SPATIALITY, TRADE, AND FORM IN ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON’S PACIFIC NOVELS
Authors: Steer Philip
Published: February 2015

In the late 1880s, around the timehe decided to settle on the Samoan island of Upolu, Robert Louis Stevenson's writing began to take a strikingly different shape as he attempted to infuse it with the flavor of his new surroundings. “When Stevenson traveled to the margins of the empire,” John Kucich observes, “he suddenly found new ways of organizing his narratives” (59). His novel-length Pacific worksThe Wrecker(1892) andThe Ebb-Tide(1894), both nominally co-authored with his stepson Lloyd Osbourne, made a marked departure from the dominant models for representing imperial space and themes provided by his ownTreasure Island(1883) and by H. Rider Haggard'sKing Solomon's Mines(1885), and they were generally met by critics with bemusement and disappointment. One reviewer ofThe Ebb-Tidebegan by observing, “It certainly has no claim to a place with those romances which are already ranked among the classics of our tongue,” and concluded sorrowfully: “This is not the Stevenson we love, but it is something to be read and remembered, nevertheless” (qtd. in Maixner 458, 59). While recent critical interest in Stevenson's Pacific fiction has tended to focus on works such as “The Beach of Falesá” (1892) and the portrayal of cultural encounter,The Wreckerin particular continues to be held in low regard. As Stephen Arata summarizes,

[M]ost critics have dismissed it as overly diffuse, shapeless, and more than a little self-indulgent – the closest thing to a loose baggy monster that Stevenson ever produced. Frank McLynn's assessment is representative: whileThe Wrecker, he says, is “in some ways the oddest and most intriguing” of Stevenson's novels, it is finally a failure because it lacks a “proper story structure” and because “there are far too many diversions and irrelevancies that clog the action.” (par. 7)

Yet the fact thatThe WreckerandThe Ebb-Tideare not only Stevenson's two longest Pacific-themed works of fiction, but are also marked by similar structural elements and thematic preoccupations, suggests the value of reconsidering their centrality to his engagement with the increasing western domination of the region in the last decades of the century.
Childhood adversity and subsequent mental health status in adulthood: screening for associations using two linked surveys
Authors: Patten S. B. , Wilkes T. C. R. , Williams J. V. A. , Lavorato D. H. , el-Guebaly N. , Wild T. C. , Colman I. , Bulloch A. G. M.
Published: February 2015

Aims.

Accumulating evidence links childhood adversity to negative health outcomes in adulthood. However, most of the available evidence is retrospective and subject to recall bias. Published reports have sometimes focused on specific childhood exposures (e.g. abuse) and/or specific outcomes (e.g. major depression). Other studies have linked childhood adversity to a large and diverse number of adult risk factors and health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. To advance this literature, we undertook a broad examination of data from two linked surveys. The goal was to avoid retrospective distortion and to provide a descriptive overview of patterns of association.

Methods.

A baseline interview for the Canadian National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth collected information about childhood adversities affecting children aged 0–11 in 1994. The sampling procedures employed in a subsequent study called the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) made it possible to link n = 1977 of these respondents to follow-up data collected later when respondents were between the ages of 14 and 27. Outcomes included major depressive episodes (MDE), some risk factors and educational attainment. Cross-tabulations were used to examine these associations and adjusted estimates were made using the regression models. As the NPHS was a longitudinal study with multiple interviews, for most analyses generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used. As there were multiple exposures and outcomes, a statistical procedure to control the false discovery rate (Benjamini–Hochberg) was employed.

Results.

Childhood adversities were consistently associated with a cluster of potentially related outcomes: MDE, psychotropic medication use and smoking. These outcomes may be related to one another since psychotropic medications are used in the treatment of major depression, and smoking is strongly associated with major depression. However, no consistent associations were observed for other outcomes examined: physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, binge drinking or educational attainment.

Conclusions.

The conditions found to be the most strongly associated with childhood adversities were a cluster of outcomes that potentially share pathophysiological connections. Although prior literature has suggested that a very large number of adult outcomes, including physical inactivity and alcohol-related outcomes follow childhood adversity, this analysis suggests a degree of specificity with outcomes potentially related to depression. Some of the other reported adverse outcomes (e.g. those related to alcohol use, physical inactivity or more distal outcomes such as obesity and cardiovascular disease) may emerge later in life and in some cases may be secondary to depression, psychotropic medication use and smoking.
Erforschung und Antworten auf den vorzeitigen Todeswunsch eines Patienten mit einer schweren fortgeschrittenen Krankheit
Authors: Mazzocato Claudia , Séchaud Laurence
Published: February 2015

Es ist nicht ungewöhnlich für Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Erkrankung, mit dem Wunsch nach einem beschleunigten Tod an ihren Arzt zu gelangen. Neuere Studien zeigen, dass diese Wünsche multifaktoriell und multidimensional sind. Dazu gehören Depressionen, körperliche, psychosoziale und spirituelle Leiden, Ängste betreffend den Prozess des Sterbens und/oder Missverständnisse über die Möglichkeiten zur End-of-Life-Betreuung. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, dem Arzt vorzuschlagen, wie man die Dimensionen dieser Anfrage und einige Elemente der Antwort erkundet.
Establishment and characterization of patient-derived tumor xenograft using gastroscopic biopsies in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhu Yan , Tian Tiantian , Li Zhongwu , Tang Zhiyu , Wang Lai , Wu Jian , Li Yilin , Dong Bin , Li Yanyan , Li Na , Zou Jianling , Gao Jing , Shen Lin
Published: February 2015

The patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model has become the most realistic model for preclinical studies. PDTX models of gastric cancer using surgical tissues are reported occasionally; however, the PDTX models using gastroscopic biopsies, which are best for evaluating new drugs, are unreported. In our study, a total of 185 fresh gastroscopic biopsies of gastric cancer were subcutaneously transplanted into NOD/SCID (Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) mice. Sixty-three PDTX models were successfully established (34.1%, 63/185) and passaged to maintain tumors in vivo and the mean latency period of xenografts was 65.86 ± 32.84 days (11–160 days). Biopsies of prior chemotherapy had a higher transplantation rate (52.1%, 37/71) than biopsies after chemotherapy (21.9%, 25/114; P = 0.000). No differences were found between the latency period of xenografts and characteristics of patients. The pathological and molecular features of PDTX as well as chemosensitivity were highly consistent with those of primary tumors of patients. The genetic characteristics were stable during passaging of PDTX models. In summary PDTX models using gastroscopic biopsies in gastric cancer were demonstrated for the first time and the biological characteristics of the PDTX models were highly consistent with patients, which provided the best preclinical study platform for gastric cancer.
Quantum Computation under Micromotion in a Planar Ion Crystal
Authors: Wang S.-T. , Shen C. , Duan L.-M.
Published: February 2015

We propose a scheme to realize scalable quantum computation in a planar ion crystal confined by a Paul trap. We show that the inevitable in-plane micromotion affects the gate design via three separate effects: renormalization of the equilibrium positions, coupling to the transverse motional modes and amplitude modulation in the addressing beam. We demonstrate that all of these effects can be taken into account and high-fidelity gates are possible in the presence of micromotion. This proposal opens the prospect to realize large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation within a single Paul trap.
A step towards mobile arsenic measurement for surface waters
Authors: de Villiers C. A. , Lapsley M. C. , Hall E. A. H.
Published: February 2015

GSH modified QDs are used for selective As3+measurement for river waters in a mobile phone camera-linked unit.
Facile preparation and enhanced microwave absorption properties of core–shell composite spheres composited of Ni cores and TiO2 shells
Authors: Zhao Biao , Shao Gang , Fan Bingbing , Zhao Wanyu , Xie Yajun , Zhang Rui
Published: February 2015

The microwave absorption properties of the core–shell Ni@rutile TiO2 composite are superior to those of the Ni@anatase TiO2 composite.
Multiresolution quantum chemistry in multiwavelet bases: excited states from time-dependent Hartree–Fock and density functional theory via linear response
Authors: Yanai Takeshi , Fann George I. , Beylkin Gregory , Harrison Robert J.
Published: February 2015

A fully numerical method for the time-dependent Hartree–Fock and density functional theory (TD-HF/DFT) with the Tamm–Dancoff (TD) approximation is presented in a multiresolution analysis (MRA) approach.
Location of Ge and extra-framework species in the zeolite ITQ-24
Authors: Pinar A. B. , McCusker L. B. , Baerlocher C. , Schmidt J. , Hwang S.-J. , Davis M. E. , Zones S. I.
Published: February 2015

View of the ITQ-24 framework (Pban) down the c axis. The organic SDA is located at the intersections of the 10- and 12-ring channels, and the fluoride atoms occupy the centers of the d4r's.
Variable aperture extraction lens for ion beam investigation in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Authors: Kivel Niko , Potthast Heiko-Dirk , Günther-Leopold Ines , Vanhaecke Frank , Günther Detlef
Published: February 2015

CAD-assembly of a variable aperture micro-manipulator with extraction lens.
Fabrication of micro-nanocomposite coatings with lotus leaf like texture by combining electroless and candle soot depositions
Authors: Karthik Namachivayam , Sethuraman Mathur Gopalakrishnan
Published: February 2015

Through grafting of copper and carbon soot flame over Al durable lotus-leaf like texture could be achieved.
An environmentally friendly route for grafting of molybdenum carbonyl onto a diaminosilane-modified SBA-15 molecular sieve and its catalytic behaviour in olefin epoxidation
Authors: Baskaran Thangaraj , Kumaravel Raju , Christopher Jayaraj , Ajithkumar Thalasseril G. , Sakthivel Ayyamperumal
Published: February 2015

Molybdenum carbonyl (Mo(CO)6) grafted onto a diaminosiloxane functionalized SBA-15 surface and showed promising activity for epoxidation of olefins.
Fluorenylethynylpyrene derivatives with strong two-photon absorption: influence of substituents on optical properties
Authors: Lavanya Devi C. , Yesudas K. , Makarov Nikolay S. , Jayathirtha Rao V. , Bhanuprakash K. , Perry Joseph W.
Published: February 2015

A series of fluorenylethynylpyrene derivatives with large two-photon absorption cross-sections (≈250–2500 GM) and good fluorescence quantum yields (Φfl = 0.55–0.98) and with high two-photon brightness were synthesized.
Highly sensitive and specific detection of E. coli by a SERS nanobiosensor chip utilizing metallic nanosculptured thin films
Authors: Srivastava Sachin K. , Hamo Hilla Ben , Kushmaro Ariel , Marks Robert S. , Grüner Christoph , Rauschenbach Bernd , Abdulhalim Ibrahim
Published: February 2015

A nanobiosensor chip, utilizing surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy on nanosculptured thin films of silver, was shown to detectEscherichia colibacteria down to the concentration level of a single bacterium.
Hierarchical multi-scale simulations of adhesion at polymer–metal interfaces: dry and wet conditions
Authors: Kacar Gokhan , Peters Elias A. J. F. , van der Ven Leendert G. J. , de With Gijsbertus
Published: February 2015

Multi-scale simulations are performed to study the adhesion properties of different polymer–metal interfaces in the absence and presence of water.
An open chain carboxyethyltin functionalized sandwich-type tungstophosphate based on a trivacant Dawson subunit: synthesis, characterization and properties
Authors: Bai Jian-Ping , Su Fang , Zhu Hao-Tian , Sun Hang , Zhang Lan-Cui , Liu Mei-Ying , You Wan-Sheng , Zhu Zai-Ming
Published: February 2015

A new Dawson sandwich-type POM–carboxyethyltin derivative assembled in aqueous solution displayed good performance in catalytic and electrocatalytic reactions.
Porphyrin-containing amphiphilic block copolymers for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Xu Lei , Liu Lichao , Liu Feng , Cai Haibo , Zhang Weian
Published: February 2015

Amphiphilic PNIPAM-b-PTPPC6MA block copolymers as promising photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) constructed using porphyrin-containing monomers via RAFT polymerization.
Selective fluorescence sensing of salicylic acids using a simple pyrenesulfonamide receptor
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Ghosh Manik Kumer , Choi Cheol-Ho , Kim Hong-Seok
Published: February 2015

The highest change in relative intensity of probe 3 among the probes 2–5 with 3,5-DNSA demonstrated the significance of sulfonamide N–H and imidazole C2–H with the highest association constant and complete quenching.
An efficient catalyst-free chemoselective multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of pyrimidine functionalized pyrrolo-annelated derivatives
Authors: Dommaraju Yuvaraj , Borthakur Somadrita , Rajesh Nimmakuri , Prajapati Dipak
Published: February 2015

An efficient catalyst-free, one-pot multicomponent reaction has been developed for the synthesis of pyrimidine functionalized pyrrolo-annelated derivatives. The method offers easy and column free separation, mild reaction conditions and high yields.
Polymer–polymer solar cells with a near-infrared spectral response
Authors: Li Weiwei , An Yang , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: February 2015

Four different thiazole-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers were applied as an electron acceptor in bulk heterojunction solar cells with poly(3-hexylthiophene) as an electron donor.
Correction: Transistor application of new picene-type molecules, 2,9-dialkylated phenanthro[1,2-b:8,7-b′]dithiophenes
Authors: Kubozono Yoshihiro , Hyodo Keita , Mori Hiroki , Hamao Shino , Goto Hidenori , Nishihara Yasushi
Published: February 2015

Correction for ‘Transistor application of new picene-type molecules, 2,9-dialkylated phenanthro[1,2-b:8,7-b′]dithiophenes’ by Yoshihiro Kubozono et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2015, 3, DOI: 10.1039/c4tc02413c.
Bandstructure modulation of two-dimensional WSe2 by electric field
Authors: Dai Xianqi , Li Wei , Wang Tianxing , Wang Xiaolong , Zhai Caiyun
Published: February 2015

By means of density functional theory computations, we study band-gap tuning in multi-layer WSe2 sheets by external electric fields. It shows that the fundamental band gap of WSe2 film continuously decreases with an increasing vertical electric field, eventually rendering them metallic. The critical electric fields, at which the semiconductor-to-metal transition occurs, are predicted to be in the range of 0.6–2 V/nm depending on the number of layers. This gap-tuning effect yields a robust relationship, which is essentially characterized by the giant Stark effect (GSE) coefficient S, for the rate of change of band gap with applied external field. The GSE coefficient S is proportional to the number of layers and it can be expressed as (n − 1)c/2.
In-plane Van der Waals interactions of molecular self-assembly monolayer
Authors: Gao Hong-Ying , Wagner Hendrik , Held Philipp Alexander , Du Shixuan , Gao Hong-Jun , Studer Armido , Fuchs Harald
Published: February 2015

We demonstrate that the Van der Waals interactions in plane are important to control molecular self-assembly structure as well their phase transition. Using precise chemical modification to mediate such in-plane cohesive interactions, we observed the spontaneous formations of 2D order or disorder molecular self-assembly structures, as well their order-disorder phase transitions by annealing. Interestingly, we identified that the side alkyl chains stand up at surfaces and form the ‘locked’ pairs/windmill structures. Moreover, we realized the covalent coupling based on ethynyl functionality before molecular desorption from metal surfaces, by enhancing the in-plane interactions.
Quantum mechanical calculation of the collision-induced absorption spectra of N2–N2 with anisotropic interactions
Authors: Karman Tijs , Miliordos Evangelos , Hunt Katharine L. C. , Groenenboom Gerrit C. , van der Avoird Ad
Published: February 2015

We present quantum mechanical calculations of the collision-induced absorption spectra of nitrogen molecules, using ab initio dipole moment and potential energy surfaces. Collision-induced spectra are first calculated using the isotropic interaction approximation. Then, we improve upon these results by considering the full anisotropic interaction potential. We also develop the computationally less expensive coupled-states approximation for calculating collision-induced spectra and validate this approximation by comparing the results to numerically exact close-coupling calculations for low energies. Angular localization of the scattering wave functions due to anisotropic interactions affects the line strength at low energies by two orders of magnitude. The effect of anisotropy decreases at higher energy, which validates the isotropic interaction approximation as a high-temperature approximation for calculating collision-induced spectra. Agreement with experimental data is reasonable in the isotropic interaction approximation, and improves when the full anisotropic potential is considered. Calculated absorption coefficients are tabulated for application in atmospheric modeling.
Self-assembly of strongly dipolar molecules on metal surfaces
Authors: Kunkel Donna A. , Hooper James , Simpson Scott , Miller Daniel P. , Routaboul Lucie , Braunstein Pierre , Doudin Bernard , Beniwal Sumit , Dowben Peter , Skomski Ralph , Zurek Eva , Enders Axel
Published: February 2015

The role of dipole-dipole interactions in the self-assembly of dipolar organic molecules on surfaces is investigated. As a model system, strongly dipolar model molecules, p-benzoquinonemonoimine zwitterions (ZI) of type C6H2(⋯ NHR)2(⋯ O)2 on crystalline coinage metal surfaces were investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy and first principles calculations. Depending on the substrate, the molecules assemble into small clusters, nano gratings, and stripes, as well as in two-dimensional islands. The alignment of the molecular dipoles in those assemblies only rarely assumes the lowest electrostatic energy configuration. Based on calculations of the electrostatic energy for various experimentally observed molecular arrangements and under consideration of computed dipole moments of adsorbed molecules, the electrostatic energy minimization is ruled out as the driving force in the self-assembly. The structures observed are mainly the result of a competition between chemical interactions and substrate effects. The substrate’s role in the self-assembly is to (i) reduce and realign the molecular dipole through charge donation and back donation involving both the molecular HOMO and LUMO, (ii) dictate the epitaxial orientation of the adsorbates, specifically so on Cu(111), and (iii) inhibit attractive forces between neighboring chains in the system ZI/Cu(111), which results in regularly spaced molecular gratings.