bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Science for What?
Authors: Solovey Mark
Published: July 2020

How the NSF became an important yet controversial patron for the social sciences, influencing debates over their scientific status and social relevance.

In the early Cold War years, the U.S. government established the National Science Foundation (NSF), a civilian agency that soon became widely known for its dedication to supporting first-rate science. The agency's 1950 enabling legislation made no mention of the social sciences, although it included a vague reference to “other sciences.” Nevertheless, as Mark Solovey shows in this book, the NSF also soon became a major—albeit controversial—source of public funding for them.

Solovey's analysis underscores the long-term impact of early developments, when the NSF embraced a “scientistic” strategy wherein the natural sciences represented the gold standard, and created a social science program limited to “hard-core” studies. Along the way, Solovey shows how the NSF's efforts to support scholarship, advanced training, and educational programs were shaped by landmark scientific and political developments, including McCarthyism, Sputnik, reform liberalism during the 1960s, and a newly energized conservative movement during the 1970s and 1980s. Finally, he assesses the NSF's relevance in a “post-truth” era, questions the legacy of its scientistic strategy, and calls for a separate social science agency—a National Social Science Foundation.

Solovey's study of the battles over public funding is crucial for understanding the recent history of the social sciences as well as ongoing debates over their scientific status and social value.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from the MIT Libraries.
Research Forum: Creating and Sustaining an Intra-library Venue to Share Library Faculty Research
Authors: Thielen Joanna , Spunaugle Emily , Swanberg Stephanie
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION Research and evidence-based practices are vital to library work, but we are often unaware of the research conducted by colleagues within our own institutions. This article describes an informal venue for library faculty and staff to discuss current research projects—including logistical considerations that are crucial to a research project’s success but are rarely discussed—and receive peer advice and support. LITERATURE REVIEW Previous studies have shown that research is a challenge for librarians, largely from lack of training. While journal clubs and writing groups are common, there is a gap in the literature on librarians discussing and receiving feedback on current research projects in an informal setting. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM A research forum (RF) series was hosted during the 2018-2019 academic year, open to all library faculty and staff. RF was hosted monthly, featuring one to three volunteers presenting their current research at any stage of the research lifecycle. Eight total presentations were given from September to March and mini-update presentations from previous presenters in April. Overall, in  summative assessment, RF received very positive feedback, with respondents reporting they attended due to interest in the presented topics and to support colleagues. They also appreciated the value of RF in sharing current research projects in the library. NEXT STEPS After a successful pilot year, RF has become an important part of our libraries’ professional development offerings. RF provides a sustainable solution for research support, encouraging the sharing ofresearch successes and challenges.
Showcasing Institutional Research: Curating Library Exhibits to Support Scholarly Communication
Authors: Dandar Devina , Clifton-Ross Jaime , Dale Ann , Croft Rosie
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION To support faculty in communicating their research outcomes to the academic community and the wider public, the Royal Roads University (RRU) Library established Showcase, a physical venue in the library designed to promote institutional research. While professional literature mainly focuses on the use of library exhibits for outreach and community engagement, more literature is needed on applying museum interpretation practices to the development of library exhibits, and the use of library exhibits for knowledge mobilization of research outcomes and promotion of institutional scholarship to the wider community. DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE This article discusses the Royal Roads University Library’s practices to develop the ‘Showcase’ brand by curating research-based exhibits as a scholarly communication initiative to support institutional research dissemination. It provides a brief description of the Showcase venue and infrastructure. It then describes the processes, challenges, and lessons learned in developing three research exhibits, that is, 1) cultivating faculty partnerships; 2) reformatting academic research to multimedia formats; and 3) integrating technology to showcase scholarship. NEXT STEPS It concludes by outlining the next steps for developing this initiative and the practice of curating academic research exhibits.
Stony Brook University Author Perspectives on Article Processing Charges
Authors: Pilato Victoria , Tran Clara Y.
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of Stony Brook University (SBU) author perspectives on article processing charges (APCs). Publishing an article without restrictions, also known as open access publishing, can be a costly endeavor. Many publishers charge APCs ranging from hundredsto thousands of dollars to publish an article without access restrictions. Authors who cannot obtain funding from grant agencies or their institution must pay APCs on their own. Do APCs fundamentally impact how authors choose their preferred publication venues? METHODS A cross-sectional survey was designed to learn SBU author perspectives on, and concerns about, APCs. RESULTS Responses mainly came from the sciences. Many SBU authors preferred to publish in a prestigious journal or journal of their choice rather than in an open access journal. Most authors published their articles in open access journals even if they were required to pay APCs. Many authors found that it was difficult finding funding for APCs and some expressed their concerns about the double charging practice. DISCUSSION SBU authors might believe that publishing in established and prestigious journals could secure their career’s advancement. Authors who chose to pay open access journals with APCs might be following publishing criteria. Libraries can encourage authors to negotiate with publishers to obtain a discount or waiver of APCs, when possible. Institutions should negotiate shifting journal subscription costs toward hybrid open access publishing. CONCLUSION Data will be used to inform how the SBU Libraries can help authors locate funding opportunities for APCs.
People’s Participation in Flood Coping Mechanism in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin M. Y. , Islam M. N. , Kashem M. A. , Alam M. J. , Haque M. M.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine peoples’ participation in flood coping mechanism, to explore the relationships between selected characteristics of the respondents and their flood coping mechanism and to assess the contribution of selected personal and socio-economic characteristics to their participation in flood coping mechanism. Data were collected from a sample of 298 flood affected peoples selected by multistage random sampling procedure from Sirajganj district of Bangladesh during the period from 20 August, 2014 to 20 November, 2014. The flood coping mechanism was determined initially on five aspects namely food collection and management, agricultural products protection, household assets protection, health and sanitation and some social context. Ten statements were identified under each aspect making a total of 50 statements considered as dependent variable of the study. Finally a flood coping mechanism index (CMI) was computed. Among the 50 statements of flood coping mechanism the highest coping mechanism in each aspects was observed where ‘dry food preparation and preservation’, ‘rapid growth short duration crop cultivation’, ‘cooperate with abled relatives’, ‘transportation of all houses to the safe place due to over flood’ and ‘use small boat or vella for defecation purpose etc.  More than two-thirds (68.1 percent) of the respondents had medium, whereas nearly one-fifth (19.1 percent) had low and 12.8 percent had high concentration on flood copping mechanism. Among 15 individual characteristics of the respondents, nine of them had positive and significant relationship with flood coping mechanism while six of them had no significant relationship with flood coping mechanism.
Physico-chemical and Microbiological Characterizations of the Leaf and Flower Powder of Lippia multiflora Moldenk, a Leaf Vegetable Consumed in Benin
Authors: Djengue H. W. , Adjatin A. , Agbankpé G. , Gbo Z. Bonou- , Tossougbo A. , Houngla J. Hougbénou , Dansi A.
Published: July 2020

Background: Lippia multiflora Moldenk is a shrub that is present in Benin. It is used as nutritious food and its leaves and flowers are rich in mineral salts and especially vitamin A and C. Also, these leaves and flowers transformed into powders, are sold and used to flavor sauces and for other purposes.

Aim/Objectives: Our work aims to provide consumers with information on the sanitary and hygienic quality of the powders from the leaves and flowers of Lippia multiflora in order to determine their shelf life.

Methods: The study was carried out on three different powders, namely leaf-based powder; those from the flowers and those purchased from the sellers. Physico-chemical analyses and microbiological evaluation were made on these different powders at different dates for 18 months to see the growth of the microorganisms in these powders.

Results: These analyses revealed that the means of the physico-chemical parameters in the leaf-based powders, the flowers and those sampled are respectively: water content (7.42%; 9.89% and 11.67%); ash content (15.83%; 10.77% and 6.52%); pH (7.25; 6.22 and 5.95) and titrable acidity (0.55%; 2.46% and 1.84%). Microbial loads in total flora are below the standard for 18 months in leaf and flower powders but are above the standard in powders sampled after 12 months of storage. The growth of yeasts and molds was observed during the first 6 months and their load is well below the standards from the 7th month until the end of storage. Coliform, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, faecal Streptococci and Clostridium sulfito-reducers loads are below the detection threshold throughout the shelf life.

Conclusion: Therefore the powders based on the leaves and flowers can be kept for a period of eighteen months without risk to the consumer. But those sampled can be kept for up to 12 months.
Annual Effective Dose from Natural Background Radiation in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Gautam S. P. , Silwal A. , Acharya S. , Aryal B.
Published: July 2020

Measurement of outdoor natural background radiation doses at different locations of Pokhara city, Nepal was carried out using GCA-07W, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) certified Geiger Muller (GM) detector. From the measurements, the least value of background radiation dose rate was found to be 0.26 ± 0.08 μSv/hr for Mahendra Cave area, and the highest value of dose rate was found to be 0.65 ± 0.12 μSv/hr for Prithvi Narayan Campus. The average annual effective dose rate of Pokhara city was found to be 0.56 ± 0.12 mSv/yr ranging from 0.31 ± 0.09 mSv/yr to 0.80 ± 0.14 mSv/yr. The radiation levels in Pokhara, the most populated city of the western development region of Nepal, were found to be within the secure limit for areas of the normal background recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) (1 mSv/yr). Further, the current result was compared with the previous study of annual effective dose rate measured in Kathmandu city. Comparable value of the average annual effective dose rate in Pokhara and Kathmandu was obtained.
Phytochemical Screening and Antiulcer Activity, of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) Aqueous Fruits Extract in Wistar Rats
Authors: Uku Uji Pius , Fokunang Tembe Estella , Grace Mbong , Borgia Njinkio Nono , Mogue Ingrid , Bathelemy Ngameni , Nchafor Ndikum Valentine , Fonmboh John Dobgima , Nyuki Andrew Banin , Yves Tabi Omgba , Marcel Nguidjoe Ervrard , Tchaleu Ngadjui Bonaventure , Ntungwen Fokunang Charles
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 80% of the world’s population rely mostly on traditional medicine. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) which results from an imbalance between stomach acid-pepsin and mucosal defense barriers is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the world’s population and represents 33% of gastroenterology consultations in Cameroon. The people in low medium incomecountries depend mostly on medicinal plants for primary healthcare since they can be accessed quickly and are affordable. Such plant is Ficus thonningii Blume, which is found abundantly in Africa and also in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to phytochemically screened the aqueous fruits extract of Ficus thonningii (AEFFt), and investigate their antiulcer activity.

Methods: The aqueous fruits extract was phytochemically screened following standard qualitative methods. Four in vitro tests to characterize antacid properties were carried out. Ulcers were induced using an ethanol and hydrochloric acid (HCl/EtOH) solution. Ulcer preventive (anti-ulcer) activity was investigated in 6 different treatment groups: 2 conventional drugs (Maalox 100 mg/kg, Omeprazole 20 mg/kg), three doses of AEFFt at (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, & 500 mg/Kg), and a vehicle treatment group (administered only the ulcerogenic agent). Histological analysis of the stomachs was carried out.

Results: The phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of fruits of F. thonningii showed the presence of flavonoids, mucilages, saponins, gallic tannins, betacyanins, and total polyphenols. Following the in vitro tests, we obtained a value of 7.4mEq for acid neutralization capacity (ANC) for the extract, and a pH of 4.2 for the extract following FDA test. For the in vivo tests, the aqueous extract of fruits of F. thonningii (AEFFt) showed a dose-dependent increase ulcer-preventive (gastroprotective) activity with the three treatment aqueous extracts doses.

Conclusion: The study showed that, the aqueous extract of fruits of Ficus thonningii showed a dose-dependent ulcer-preventive activity that could be accounted for by the presence of bioactive phytochemicals like polyphenols (flavonoids, tannins).
Biosorption of Bromophenol Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Flamboyant (Delonix regia) Pod
Authors: Dada Ebenezer Olujimi , Ojo Ilesanmi Ademola , Alade Abass Olanrewaju , Afolabi Tinuade Jolaade , Amuda Omotayo Sharafdeen , Jameel Ahmad Tariq
Published: July 2020

Matured flamboyant pods (FBP) activated with ZnCl2 were used for batch adsorption of Bromophenol blue (BPB) dye under the effects of concentration (10-200 ppm), contact time (20-300 min), biosorbent dosage (20-120 mg) and particle size (300-850 µm). The data obtained were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models as well as pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Elovich kinetic models. The highest adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of 7.5762 mg/g and 75.76%, respectively, were obtained under the effects of initial dye concentrations. The correlation coefficient (R2) for the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms are in the range 0.9938-0.9979 and 0.9895-0.9953, respectively, while, R2, in the ranges 0.5931-0.815, 0.9962-1.000 and 0.8046-0.8828, were obtained for the PFO, PSO, and Elovich kinetic models, respectively. The order of fit of the kinetic models is PSO > Elovich > PFO. The study suggests flamboyant pod as promising biomass for the remediation of dye-bearing industrial effluents.
Prospecção de Uso da Tecnologia Blockchain: uma análise a partir de documentos de pedidos patentes
Authors: Brito Samyr Leal da Costa , Júnior Josué Costa , Teles Eduardo Oliveira
Published: July 2020

A tecnologia blockchain tem o potencial de substituir ou complementar práticas existentes relacionadas ao processamento e à validade de dados eletrônicos, com aplicação em diversas áreas, como serviços financeiros, registro de propriedade de tangíveis e de intangíveis, contratos inteligentes, governança, entre outras. O presente artigo realiza a prospecção tecnológica dessa tecnologia utilizando-se para a pesquisa de documentos de pedidos de patentes encontrados nas bases de dados do Orbit, Espacenet e do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI). A partir dos dados obtidos, diagnosticou-se que a tecnologia blockchain não se encontra em estágio embrionário, mas sim em fase de desenvolvimento e de difusão, devido ao significativo número de documentos de patentes publicados nos períodos pesquisados.
Financiamento Público à CT&I e à Geração de Riqueza no Nível Subnacional: análise dos investimentos da Fapesc na década de 2010
Authors: Zaak Saraiva Illyushin , Amaral Bruna Do , Morejon Camilo Freddy Mendoza , Crisóstimo Cláudia , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério De Pinto
Published: July 2020

No cenário brasileiro de CT&I, a maior parte do financiamento ainda se sustenta em investimentos públicos, realizados por meio de fundações de fomento estaduais e de órgãos federais. Entre os Estados brasileiros, Santa Catarina aparece atualmente em 5º lugar em termos de montantes investidos pelos governos estaduais e na mesma posição no que diz respeito ao número de patentes obtidas. O objetivo deste estudo é mensurar e analisar a taxa de realização de investimentos da Fapesc, órgão catarinense de fomento em CT&I, e descrever seu histórico. A pesquisa é documental e foi realizada com dados coletados nos arquivos do Estado de Santa Catarina e tratados no Microsoft Excel. Os resultados estão apresentados em gráficos e em tabelas e por meio deles realiza-se a análise descritiva. Conclui-se que, embora a produtividade da Fapesc seja destaque no Brasil, o órgão está à mercê do não cumprimento do percentual constitucional de repasses do orçamento estadual, por isso, sugere-se que sejam realizados estudos similares sobre entidades estaduais de fomento para a CT&I.
Indicadores de Inovação no Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional do IF Goiano
Authors: Santos Bruna De Oliveira , Nascimento Paulo Gustavo Barboni Dantas
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo criar indicadores de inovação no Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI) que atenda ao propósito de estruturar e dar competências suficientes para sensibilizar, disseminar e implementar uma cultura inovadora no IF Goiano, aprimorando a proteção do capital intangível e a transferência de tecnologia. A pesquisa foi norteada pelos fundamentos do método da pesquisa-ação, pesquisa documental e uso da ferramenta de benchmarking para identificar estratégias utilizadas por outras instituições e técnicas de bibliometria para elaborar indicadores personalizados. O IF Goiano tem potencial inovador, o aproveitamento desse potencial, aliado a ações de gestão da inovação, como inserção de indicadores de inovação no PDI, uso de roadmap para definir linhas de pesquisa, formulação de editais com critérios de produtividade tecnológica e inovadora, e a atividades similares, tende a fortalecer a cultura de inovação para que a instituição atinja maior maturidade de inovação.
O Direito Autoral e o Uso de Ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial – Aspectos Jurídicos e Tecnológicos
Authors: Frade de Paula Castro Carla , Andrade Oliveira Jonath , Barbosa de Araújo Lucas , Andrade Pinheiro Luciano
Published: July 2020

O termo “Inteligência Artificial” (IA) até pouco tempo tratava-se apenas de algo utópico, digno de ficção científica, mas, hoje, até mesmo de forma não visível à maioria das pessoas, está presente no nosso cotidiano das mais diversas formas. No âmbito das artes, essa expressão já é responsável por gerar músicas, pinturas e textos com cada vez menos interferência humana. Dado o potencial financeiro de tais obras e a importância de se incentivar sua criação, este trabalho tem por objetivo trazer uma breve reflexão sobre a viabilidade de sua proteção pelo Direito Autoral brasileiro. Partindo dos conceitos de obra e de titularidade, originária e derivada, conclui-se que, atualmente, essa proteção não existe no país. Nesse sentido, uma eventual proteção que se queira outorgar a tais obras deverá ser feita mediante alteração legislativa.
Transferência de Tecnologia sob a Ótica da Política de Inovação e do Marco Legal da Ciência, Tecnologia e Informação
Authors: Cruz Silvana Santos , Santos Alexandre , Figueiredo Josiel Maimone , Santos Isabel Carolina de Lima , Leite Diogo Barbosa
Published: July 2020

A transferência de tecnologia é uma das formas de se estabelecer parcerias entre instituições de pesquisa com empresas, porém, é um processo complexo para ambos os atores. Do ponto de vista das Instituições, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise das Políticas de Inovação quanto à aplicabilidade das leis de inovação vigentes, no que se refere à transferência de tecnologia das Instituições de Pesquisa para as empresas. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi a de pesquisa exploratória e análise documental. Foram analisadas as Políticas de Inovação Tecnológica já aprovadas pelos Conselhos Superiores, pertencentes a três Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia e Inovação (ICT) do Brasil, denominadas de ICT 1, 2 e 3. Constatou-se a pouca aplicabilidade das legislações vigentes nas Políticas de Inovação Tecnológica aprovadas. Recomenda-se que em futuros estudos sejam analisados os impactos dessas parcerias com base na Lei do Marco Legal da Ciência, Tecnologia e Informação.
Contribuições do Segmento de Produtos de Limpeza para a Economia Circular
Authors: Tavares Aline Souza , Borschiver Suzana
Published: July 2020

A Economia Circular é definida como um modelo onde os resíduos se tornam novos recursos. O setor de Produtos de Limpeza e afins apresenta vários impactos no ambiente, como o alto consumo de água. De um total de 137 estudos de caso analisados no contexto da Economia Circular, o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar seis casos deste segmento, identificados entre 57 selecionados pela sua relação com a Indústria Química. A metodologia utilizada foi a exploratório-descritiva, utilizando-se a Fundação Ellen MacArthur, artigos científicos e outras fontes, no período entre 2008 e 2018. Os resultados das empresas Splosh, Ecolab e Safechem mostraram o desenvolvimento de detergentes à base de enzimas, concentração de seus princípios ativos e aplicação do design circular em embalagens. O Chemical Leasing e o Produto como Serviço apresentaram-se como novos modelos de negócio e os setores de Serviços e Transformados Plásticos como os principais impactados a jusante da Indústria Química.
Vantagens e Barreiras da Metodologia Lean Startup para Empresas de Base Tecnológica em Habitats de Inovação
Authors: Caires Ricardo Tomaz , Pereira Marcelo Farid
Published: July 2020

Empresas de tecnologia nascem e podem crescer de uma forma acelerada, carecendo do uso de metodologias para a estruturação e interação com o mercado. A metodologia Lean Startup (LS) consiste em uma união entre rapidez e eficiência sem perda de qualidade. Embora muito utilizada, existem poucos estudos relacionados sobre as práticas Lean aplicadas a habitats de inovação. O objetivo deste artigo é indicar as vantagens e barreiras reconhecidas por estudos já existentes sobre a prática da metodologia LS. Este estudo foi desenvolvido partindo de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre LS, empreendedorismo e habitats de inovação. As etapas foram realizadas por meio de delineamento da pesquisa, execução, análise e seleção dos resultados para a sintetização do conteúdo. Os resultados estão relacionados com a concepção de oportunidades para adequação da metodologia LS.
Bryozoa,
Cristatella Mucedo
: Reproduction and Development
Authors: Schwaha Thomas F.
Published: July 2020

This article describes reproduction and development of the freshwater bryozoans
Cristatella mucedo
.
Cognitive reserve and midlife vascular risk: Cognitive and clinical outcomes
Authors: Soldan Anja , Pettigrew Corinne , Zhu Yuxin , Wang Mei‐Cheng , Gottesman Rebecca F. , DeCarli Charles , Albert Marilyn ,   the BIOCARD Research Team
Published: July 2020

Objective

Examine whether cognitive reserve moderates the association of 1) vascular risk factors and 2) white matter hyperintensity burden with risk of clinical progression and longitudinal cognitive decline.

Methods

BIOCARD Study participants were cognitively normal and primarily middle‐aged (M = 57 years) at baseline and have been followed with annual cognitive and clinical assessments (M = 13 years). Baseline cognitive reserve was indexed with a composite score combining education with reading and vocabulary scores. Baseline vascular risk (N = 229) was assessed with a composite risk score reflecting five vascular risk factors. Baseline white matter hyperintensity load (N = 271) was measured with FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging. Cox regression models assessed risk of progression from normal cognition to onset of clinical symptoms of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Longitudinal mixed effects models measured the relationship of these variables to cognitive decline, using a global composite score, and executive function and episodic memory sub‐scores.

Results

Both vascular risk and white matter hyperintensities were associated with cognitive decline, particularly in executive function. Higher vascular risk, but not white matter hyperintensity burden, was associated with an increased risk of progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment. Higher cognitive reserve was associated with a reduced risk of symptom onset and higher levels of baseline cognition but did not modify the associations between the vascular risk score and white matter hyperintensities with clinical progression or cognitive decline.

Interpretation

Although cognitive reserve has protective effects on clinical and cognitive outcomes, it does not mitigate the negative impact of vascular risk and small vessel cerebrovascular disease on these same outcomes.
Nanomaterial Additives for Fabrication of Stimuli‐Responsive Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering Constructs
Authors: Farr Amy Corbin , Hogan Katie J. , Mikos Antonios G.
Published: July 2020

Volumetric muscle loss necessitates novel tissue engineering strategies for skeletal muscle repair, which have traditionally involved cells and extracellular matrix‐mimicking scaffolds and have thus far been unable to successfully restore physiologically relevant function. However, the incorporation of various nanomaterial additives with unique physicochemical properties into scaffolds has recently been explored as a means of fabricating constructs that are responsive to electrical, magnetic, and photothermal stimulation. Herein, several classes of nanomaterials that are used to mediate external stimulation to tissue engineered skeletal muscle are reviewed and the impact of these stimuli‐responsive biomaterials on cell growth and differentiation and in vivo muscle repair is discussed. The degradation kinetics and biocompatibilities of these nanomaterial additives are also briefly examined and their potential for incorporation into clinically translatable skeletal muscle tissue engineering strategies is considered. Overall, these nanomaterial additives have proven efficacious and incorporation in tissue engineering scaffolds has resulted in enhanced functional skeletal muscle regeneration.
Observation of Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect and Exchange Interaction in Topological Insulator/Antiferromagnet Heterostructure
Authors: Pan Lei , Grutter Alexander , Zhang Peng , Che Xiaoyu , Nozaki Tomohiro , Stern Alex , Street Mike , Zhang Bing , Casas Brian , He Qing Lin , Choi Eun Sang , Disseler Steven M. , Gilbert Dustin A. , Yin Gen , Shao Qiming , Deng Peng , Wu Yingying , Liu Xiaoyang , Kou Xufeng , Masashi Sahashi , Han Xiaodong , Binek Christian , Chambers Scott , Xia Jing , Wang Kang L.
Published: July 2020

Integration of a quantum anomalous Hall insulator with a magnetically ordered material provides an additional degree of freedom through which the resulting exotic quantum states can be controlled. Here, an experimental observation is reported of the quantum anomalous Hall effect in a magnetically‐doped topological insulator grown on the antiferromagnetic insulator Cr2O3. The exchange coupling between the two materials is investigated using field‐cooling‐dependent magnetometry and polarized neutron reflectometry. Both techniques reveal strong interfacial interaction between the antiferromagnetic order of the Cr2O3 and the magnetic topological insulator, manifested as an exchange bias when the sample is field‐cooled under an out‐of‐plane magnetic field, and an exchange spring‐like magnetic depth profile when the system is magnetized within the film plane. These results identify antiferromagnetic insulators as suitable candidates for the manipulation of magnetic and topological order in topological insulator films.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Propargylamines: System Development and Theoretical Study
Authors: Neofotistos Stavros P. , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Pauze Martin , Gómez‐Bengoa Enrique , Vougioukalakis Georgios C.
Published: July 2020

Herein, we report a catalytic system based on the earth‐abundant manganese for the ketone, amine, alkyne (KA2) reaction. The efficiency of manganese manifests at relatively high temperatures, combined with sustainable reaction conditions, and provides a tool for accessing propargylamines from structurally diverse starting materials, including synthetically relevant and bioactive molecules. Our efforts were also aimed at shedding light on the catalytic mode of action of manganese in this transformation, in order to explain its temperature‐related behavior. The use of computational methods reveals mechanistic aspects of this reaction indicating important points regarding the reactivity of both manganese and ketones.

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Emphasis on the Properties of Metal‐Containing Zeolites Operating Outside the Comfort Zone of Current Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Clatworthy Edwin B. , Konnov Stanislav V. , Dubray Florent , Nesterenko Nikolai , Gilson Jean‐Pierre , Mintova Svetlana
Published: July 2020

The development of catalysts that can operate under exceptionally harsh and unconventional conditions is of critical importance for the transition of the energy and chemicals industries to low‐emission and renewable chemical feedstocks. In this review we will highlight materials and more specifically metal‐containing zeolite catalysts that have been tested under harsh reaction conditions such as high temperature light alkane conversion and biomass valorization. Particular attention will be given to studies that explore the stability and recyclability of metal‐containing zeolite catalysts operating in continuous modes. Metal‐containing zeolites are considered as an important class of catalysts operating outside the comfort zone of current heterogeneous catalytic reactions in both gas and liquid phase reactions. The relationship between the properties of the metal‐containing zeolite and catalytic performance will be explored.
Strategies to Enable Reversible Magnesium Electrochemistry: From Electrolytes to Artificial Solid–Electrolyte Interphases
Authors: Liang Zhiming , Ban Chunmei
Published: July 2020

The first prototype of a rechargeable magnesium (Mg) battery demonstrated two decades ago sparked tremendous interest in the electrochemical community due to their potential low cost, high volumetric energy density. However, the development of rechargeable Mg batteries has been hampered by the incompatibility between the Mg‐metal anode and conventional carbonate electrolytes. Research has focused on electrolytes that are thermodynamically stable against reduction at the expense of low oxidation potential at the cathode side. Alternatively, the use of an artificial solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) via surface coating presents promising results to address the Mg/electrolyte incompatibility and significantly broaden the selection of electrolytes. This minireview discusses the limitations of electrolyte development and strategies for the design of artificial interphases in magnesium‐ion batteries. Future perspectives in the development of artificial interphases for rechargeable magnesium batteries are also discussed.
CO2‐Folded Single‐Chain Nanoparticles as Recyclable, Improved Carboxylase Mimics
Authors: Zeng Rongjin , Chen Liang , Yan Qiang
Published: July 2020

Emulating the function of natural carboxylases to convert CO2under atmospheric condition is a great challenge. Herein we report a class of CO2‐folded single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) that can function as recyclable, function‐intensified carboxylase mimics. Lewis pair polymers containing bulky Lewis acidic and basic groups as the precursor, can bind CO2to drive an intramolecular folding into SCNPs, in which CO2as the folded nodes can form gas‐bridged bonds. Such bridging linkages highly activate CO2, which endows the SCNPs with extraordinary catalytic ability that can not only catalyze CO2‐insertion of C(sp3)‐H for imitating the natural enzyme's function, it can also act on non‐natural carboxylation pathways for C(sp2and sp)‐H substrates. The nanocatalysts are of highly catalytic efficiency and recyclability, and can work at room temperature and near ambient CO2condition, inspiring a new approach to sustainable C1utilization.
Design Strategies for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn/Organic Batteries
Authors: Tie Zhiwei , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: July 2020

Organic electroactive compounds are attractive to serve as the cathode materials of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) because of their resource renewability, environmentally friendliness and structural diversity. Up to now, various organic electrode materials have been developed and different redox mechanisms are observed in aqueous Zn/organic battery systems. In this Minireview, we present the recent developments in the energy storage mechanisms and design of the organic electrode materials of aqueous ZIBs, including carbonyl compounds, imine compounds, conductive polymers, nitronyl nitroxides, organosulfur polymers and triphenylamine derivatives. Furthermore, we highlight the design strategies to improve their electrochemical performance in the aspects of specific capacity, output voltage, cycle life and rate capability. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of aqueous Zn/organic batteries.
Further insight for the synthesis of 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Hang , Zhang Shan , Liu Jin , Hao Ju‐Fang , He Bao‐Jiang , Bai Zheng‐Wu
Published: July 2020

Because 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose is an important intermediate for many materials, developing a practical pathway to easily prepare it in bulk is of significance. The synthesis of 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose included three reactions. In the chlorination reaction, the crude product could be fully de‐esterified under the improved conditions, and the reaction mechanism was re‐understood. The azido group was reduced with sodium borohydride in which the reaction conditions were studied in detail. With the improved synthetic pathway, 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose could be easily prepared. The 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose was characterized via its benzamide derivative with 1H NMR, 1H‐13C HSQC NMR, and 1H‐1H COSY NMR, confirming the hydroxyl group at C6 of amylose was converted to amino group with a degree of substitution of 98.2%. Additionally, the 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose was analyzed toward iodine reagent and X‐ray diffraction, and the corresponding results showed that it was different from amylose in suprastructure and crystal structure.
Association of Dysregulated Central Pain Processing and Response to Disease–Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Heisler Andrew C. , Song Jing , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Wohlfahrt Alyssa , Marder Wendy , Bolster Marcy B. , Bingham Clifton O. , Clauw Daniel J. , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Neogi Tuhina , Lee Yvonne C.
Published: July 2020

Objective

To determine the association between dysregulated central pain processing and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

One hundred eighty‐two participants with active RA were followed up for 12 weeks after starting a disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). To assess central pain processing, participants underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST), including assessment of pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) at the trapezius muscles, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). QST measures were categorized as high central dysregulation versus low central dysregulation. The association between baseline central dysregulation and treatment response, as defined by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria, was assessed using multiple logistic regression adjusted for demographic characteristics, RA‐related variables, and psychosocial variables.

Results

A good EULAR response was achieved in fewer participants with high CPM dysregulation than participants with low CPM dysregulation (22.5% versus 40.3%; P = 0.01). A similar trend, though not significant, was noted when central dysregulation was assessed with PPT and temporal summation. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association between high central dysregulation and good EULAR response were 0.59 for PPTs (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.28–1.23), 0.60 for temporal summation (95% CI 0.27–1.34), and 0.40 for CPM (95% CI 0.19–0.83). In a model examining the combined effects of dysregulated temporal summation and CPM, dysregulation of both measures was associated with lower odds of achieving a good EULAR response (OR 0.23 [95% CI 0.07–0.73]).

Conclusion

Low CPM was significantly associated with lower odds of achieving a good EULAR response, suggesting that inefficient descending inhibitory mechanisms may be a potential treatment target for further study.
MicroRNA‐17‐5p Reduces Inflammation and Bone Erosions in Mice With Collagen‐Induced Arthritis and Directly Targets the JAK/STAT Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast‐like Synoviocytes
Authors: Najm Aurélie , Masson François‐Marie , Preuss Pauline , Georges Steven , Ory Benjamin , Quillard Thibaut , Sood Shatakshi , Goodyear Carl S. , Veale Douglas J. , Fearon Ursula , Le Goff Benoit , Blanchard Frédéric
Published: July 2020

Objective

We undertook this study to examine microRNA (miRNA) expression across rheumatoid arthritis (RA) phenotypes, along with the effects and mechanisms of action of miRNA‐17‐5p (miR‐17).

Methods

A miRNA array was performed in synovial tissue biopsied from patients with naive erosive RA (n = 3) and patients with nonerosive RA (n = 3). MicroRNA‐17 lipoplex was delivered intraarticularly in the murine collagen‐induced arthritis model. Clinical, histologic, and structural effects were studied over the course of arthritis. In‐depth studies of the mechanisms of action of miR‐17 were performed in primary RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from synovial tissue.

Results

Fifty‐five miRNAs including miR‐17 were reduced in erosive RA. The miR‐17 transfection into arthritic paws reduced the clinical inflammation score between day 2 and day 7 (2.8 versus 1.9; P = 0.03). Synovial B cell, T cell, macrophage, and polynuclear neutrophil infiltration was significantly reduced. Structural damage was also decreased, as shown by a reduction in the number of osteoclasts detected using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining (osteoclast surface/bone surface 32% versus 18%; P = 0.005) and erosion score by computed tomography analysis (2.9 versus 1.7; P = 0.023). Proinflammatory cytokines from the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) family and IL‐1β expression were also significantly reduced, but tumor necrosis factor was not. MicroRNA‐17 directly targeted the 3′‐untranslated regions of STAT3 and JAK1. STAT3 and JAK1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were reduced in RA FLS following miR‐17 transfection. STAT3 and JAK1 mRNA and activation of STAT3, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, were also reduced in injected paws (% stained area 93% versus 62%; P = 0.035).

Conclusion

We demonstrate an antiinflammatory and antierosive role of miR‐17 in vivo. This effect involves the suppression of the IL‐6 family autocrine‐amplifying loop through the direct targeting of JAK1 and STAT3.
Continuous simultaneous stabilization of single‐input nonlinear stochastic systems
Authors: Iggidr Abderrahman , Oumoun Mohamed , Souza Max
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates the simultaneous stabilization of a collection of continuous single‐input non‐linear stochastic systems, with coefficients that are not necessarily locally Lipschitz. A sufficient condition for the existence of a continuous simultaneously stabilizing feedback control is proposed — it is based on the generalized stochastic Lyapunov theorem and on the technique of stochastic control Lyapunov functions. This condition is also necessary, provided that the system's coefficients satisfy some regularity conditions. Moreover, the proposed feedback can be chosen to be bounded under the assumption that appropriate control Lyapunov functions are known. All the proposed simultaneously stabilizing state feedback controllers are explicitly constructed. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Low Strength Magnetic Fields Serve as a Cue for Foraging Honey Bees but Prior Experience is More Indicative of Choice
Authors: Chicas‐Mosier Ana M. , Radi Medhat , Lafferrandre Jack , O'Hara John F. , Vora Hitesh D. , Abramson Charles I.
Published: July 2020

Species of migrating insects use magnetic fields as a navigational tool that is independent of current weather conditions and non‐migrating species have been shown to discriminate anomalies in magnetic field from the earth's baseline. Honey bee discrimination of magnetic field has been studied in the context of associative learning, physiology, and whole hive responses. This article uses a combination of free‐flight and laboratory studies to determine how small fluctuations from Earth's magnetic field affect honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) decision‐making. Honey bees were tested in three experiments: (i) recruitment to an aqueous sucrose feeder, (ii) an artificial free‐flight flower patch with floral color‐dependent magnetic field strength, and (iii) a Y‐maze with alternating colors on a stronger magnetic field. In free‐flying feeder experiments, magnetic field served as a temporary cue, but when offered an equal caloric alternative with lesser magnetic field, the latter was preferred. Flower patch experiments showed initial color biases that were abandoned as a response to magnetic field induction. In laboratory experiments, bees showed a color‐dependent behavioral response to the magnetic field. The results of this study indicate that bees may use small fluctuations in magnetic fields as a cue but that it is likely low‐value as compared with other stimuli. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:458–470. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Neurobiological substrates of animal personality and cognition in a nonhuman primate (Microcebus murinus)
Authors: Fritz Rebecca Grace , Zimmermann Elke , Meier Martin , Mestre‐Francés Nadine , Radespiel Ute , Schmidtke Daniel
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) is an important nonhuman primate model in biomedical research. Numerous studies investigated mouse lemur behavior and possible factors underlying interindividual variation in both, animal personality and cognitive performance. Some effects, such as an age‐related decline in executive functioning, have robustly been found across laboratory colonies; however, little is known about the brain structural substrates in mouse lemurs.

Methods

Here, we provide first exploratory data linking in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of 34 mouse lemurs to performance in a standardized, touchscreen‐based task on object discrimination and reversal learning as well as to animal personality under different scenarios in an open field.

Results

High interindividual variability in both brain morphometric and behavioral measurements was found, but only few significant correlations between brain structure and behavior were revealed: Object discrimination learning was linked to the volume of the hippocampus and to temporal lobe thickness, while reversal learning was linked to thalamic volume and the thickness of the anterior cingulate lobe. Emergence latency into the open field correlated with volume of the amygdala. General exploration–avoidance in the empty open‐field arena correlated with thicknesses of the anterior cingulate lobe and fronto‐parietal substructures. Neophilia, assessed as exploration of a novel object placed in the arena, among others, related to the volume of the caudate nucleus.

Conclusion

In summary, our data suggest a prominent role of temporal structures (including the hippocampus) for learning capability, as well as thalamic and anterior cingulate structures for cognitive flexibility and response inhibition. The amygdala, the anterior cingulate lobe, and the caudate nucleus are particularly linked to animal personality in the open‐field setting. These findings are congruent with the comparative psychological literature and provide a valuable basis for future studies elucidating aspects of behavioral variation in this nonhuman primate model.
Age‐related functional brain connectivity during audio–visual hand‐held tool recognition
Authors: Ren Yanna , Guo Ao , Xu Zhihan , Wang Tao , Wu Rui , Yang Weiping
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Previous studies have confirmed increased functional connectivity in elderly adults during processing of simple audio–visual stimuli; however, it is unclear whether elderly adults maximize their performance by strengthening their functional brain connectivity when processing dynamic audio–visual hand‐held tool stimuli. The present study aimed to explore this question using global functional connectivity.

Methods

Twenty‐one healthy elderly adults and 21 healthy younger adults were recruited to conduct a dynamic hand‐held tool recognition task with high/low‐intensity stimuli.

Results

Elderly adults exhibited higher areas under the curve for both the high‐intensity (3.5 versus. 2.7) and low‐intensity (3.0 versus. 1.2) stimuli, indicating a higher audio–visual integration ability, but a delayed and widened audio–visual integration window for elderly adults for both the high‐intensity (390 – 690 ms versus. 360 – 560 ms) and low‐intensity (460 – 690 ms versus. 430 – 500 ms) stimuli. Additionally, elderly adults exhibited higher theta‐band (all p < .01) but lower alpha‐, beta‐, and gamma‐band functional connectivity (all p < .05) than younger adults under both the high‐ and low‐intensity‐stimulus conditions when processing audio–visual stimuli, except for gamma‐band functional connectivity under the high‐intensity‐stimulus condition. Furthermore, higher theta‐ and alpha‐band functional connectivity were observed for the audio–visual stimuli than for the auditory and visual stimuli and under the high‐intensity‐stimulus condition than under the low‐intensity‐stimulus condition.

Conclusion

The higher theta‐band functional connectivity in elderly adults was mainly due to higher attention allocation. The results further suggested that in the case of sensory processing, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma activity might participate in different stages of perception.