bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Issues and Methods in Estimating Adjustment Costs
Authors: Karp Larry , Shumway Richard
Published: May 2019

The practice of econometrics entails choosing which equations to include in a system, and which equations to inclue in a system, and what restrictions to impose on the parameters. There is a widespread, but not universally held, preference for making these choices on the basis of theory. Until recently, this theory has rested on the hypothesis that agents solve static optimization problems. For agents’ behavior to be consistent with this story, certain restrictions must hold. These restrictions are used in econometric models as maintained or testable hypotheses.
Toward a Behavioral Approach to Modelling Dynamic Production Choice Structures
Authors: Weaver R. D. , Stefanou S. E.
Published: May 2019

Given the stable position in applied literature now held by static, duality models of choice, the focus of innovation has shifted to development of models of dynamic economic behavior. However, before jumping into this stream it is important to assess 1) the objectives and empirical relevance of study of such behavior, and 2) the characteristics of observed behavior which might help us resolve the specification of such models. The objective of empirical study of dynamic behavior seems clear. An accurate descriptive model is desired which could provide the basis for prediction and comparative analysis of behavior. The relevance of any such study is limited, as usual, by the accuracy and consistency with which the theory of behavior upon which the model is based simulates observed behavior. A prerequisite of relevance is an understanding of the elemental characteristics of observed dynamic behavior which might suggest the primitive elements of a theory of behavior and motivate model specification.
The Use of Estimated Pollution Flows in Agricultural Pollution Control Policy: Implications for Abatement and Policy Instruments
Authors: Shortle James S.
Published: May 2019

Flows of water pollutants from agricultural sources are, for all practical purposes, unobservable by direct monitoring. These flows can, however, be estimated using hydrological models. The analysis presented in this paper demonstrates that uncertainty on estimated flows is not neutral with respect to the optimal level and allocation of estimated abatement or with respect to the expected net benefits of alternative pollution control policy instruments. Policy implications are noted.
Fear and international law-making: An exploratory inquiry
Authors: Bianchi Andrea , Saab Anne
Published: May 2019

Emotions play an important role in cognition and have a significant and all too often neglected influence on (international) law-making processes. Fear, in particular, can be a driver of reasoning and decision-making. Fear of terrorism / immigrants / health threats / food contamination / environmental hazards – to give a few notable examples – influences the perception of risks associated with these issues and consequently impacts international policy- and law-making. International law rules and doctrines are often adopted – if not overtly justified – on the basis of fear and other emotions. This article aims to explore how fear – as both an individual and collective emotion – may affect decision-making processes, be determinative of normative outcomes, and shape security policies at the domestic and international levels. This approach deviates from traditional rationalist understandings of law and emphasizes the role of emotions in apprehending the nature and functioning of legal processes. Hopefully, this exploration will open up interesting avenues for further research on the role of emotions in international legal processes.
De-industrialization: strengths and weaknesses as a key concept for understanding post-war British history
Authors: Tomlinson Jim
Published: May 2019

This article argues for a central role for the concept of de-industrialization in understanding the evolution of the economies of urban Britain in the years since 1945. Above all, it is suggested, this concept is crucial because it focuses attention on the consequences of the transition from an industrial to a service-dominated labour market. To make this argument requires a careful definition of the term, along with recognition of its potential weaknesses as well as strengths. Key issues are highlighted by drawing on three diverse urban areas, which help to show the ubiquity of the process, but also its diverse patterns, chronologies and impacts. These examples are a stereotypical ‘post-industrial city’ (Dundee); a major city where de-industrialization has played an under-regarded role in developments (London); and a medium-size town in the south of England (High Wycombe), where the decline of a core industry (furniture) was crucial to its recent history. The final sections analyse the relationship between de-industrialization and other key frameworks commonly deployed to shape understanding of the recent history of Britain: ‘decline’, ‘globalization’ and ‘the triumph of neo-liberalism’.
Canadian economic impact of improved workplace productivity in patients with major depressive disorder treated with vortioxetine
Authors: Lachaine Jean , Beauchemin Catherine , Bibeau Joëlle , Patenaude Julie , Chokka Pratap , Proulx Jean , Bougie Joanna
Published: May 2019

Objective.

The AtWoRC study is an interventional, open-label Canadian study that demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive function and workplace productivity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with vortioxetine for a current major depressive episode. The objective of the present analysis was to assess the Canadian economic impact of improved workplace productivity based on the AtWoRC study results.

Methods.

The economic impact of improved productivity in patients with MDD treated with vortioxetine was assessed over a 52-week period considering productivity loss due to absenteeism and presenteeism using the standard human capital approach and an employer’s perspective. Absenteeism was measured with the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire; and presenteeism with the Work Limitation Questionnaire. Productivity gains following treatment initiation with vortioxetine were estimated using the difference from baseline.

Results.

In the AtWoRC study, patients at baseline reportedly missed, in the past 7 days, an average of 8.1 h due to absenteeism and 3.0 h due to presenteeism. Following 52 weeks of treatment with vortioxetine, patients reportedly missed an average of 4.9 h due to absenteeism and 2.0 h due to presenteeism. This improved workplace productivity translated into savings of C$110.64 for 1 week of work following 52 weeks of treatment. The cumulative 52-week economic impact showed potential savings of C$4,550 when factoring in the cost of therapy.

Conclusion.

This study suggested that workplace productivity gain due to an improvement in symptoms of MDD following treatment with vortioxetine will lead to substantial cost savings for the Canadian economy.
Primary care doctors’ understandings of and strategies to tackle health inequalities: a qualitative study
Authors: Exworthy Mark , Morcillo Victoria
Published: May 2019

Aim

To examine general practitioners’ knowledge of and their role in tackling health inequalities, in relation to their professional responsibilities.

Background

Primary care is often seen as being in the frontline of addressing health inequalities and the social determinants of health (SDH).

Methods

A qualitative study with a maximum variety sample of English General Practitioners (GPs). In-depth, semi-structured interviews were held with 13 GPs in various geographical settings; they lasted between 30 and 70 min. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The analysis involved a constant comparison process undertaken by both authors to reveal key themes.

Findings

GPs’ understanding of health inequalities reflected numerous perspectives on the SDH and they employ various different strategies in tackling them. This study revealed that GPs’ strategies were changing the nature of (medical) professionalism in primary care. We locate these findings in relation to Gruen’s model of professional responsibility (comprising a distinction between obligation and aspiration, and between patient advocacy, community participation and political involvement). We conclude that these GPs do not exploit the full potential of their contribution to tackling health inequalities. These findings have implication for policy and practice in other practitioners and in other health systems, as they seek to tackle health inequalities.
Phase‐Averaged Drag Force of Nonlinear Waves Over Submerged and Through Emergent Vegetation
Authors: Zhu Ling , Chen Qin
Published: May 2019

Aquatic vegetation protects the shoreline by dissipating the wave energy and reducing the mean water level. For the latter, the phase‐averaged depth‐integrated drag force induced by vegetation (
) plays an essential role. For linear waves, the
exerted by submerged vegetation (
) and by the submerged part of emergent vegetation (
) equal 0. As the wave nonlinearity increases, the profile of the horizontal velocity (u) becomes skewed and non–cosine shaped, and thus, both
and
are nonzero (phase average of u|u|≠0) and their significance increases. This study examines the effects of wave nonlinearity and vegetation submergence on
based on stream function wave theory. In deep water, it is found that the wave nonlinearity slightly affects
due to the negligible weight of
in the overall
. Both the wave nonlinearity and vegetation submergence have negligible effects on
as well. In shallow water,
takes up a large percentage in the overall
for emergent vegetation, and a linear relationship between
and vegetation submergence exists for waves with relatively small wave heights. The applicable range of the linear wave theory based
is determined using
from stream function wave theory as a reference solution. Moreover, a parametric model is developed for evaluating
for random waves. The mean water level changes, or wave setup, on a vegetated sloping beach are validated and quantified using experimental data obtained from literature.
Sources, Degradation, and Transport of Organic Matter in the New Britain Shelf‐Trench Continuum, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Luo Min , Gieskes Joris , Chen Linying , Scholten Jan , Pan Binbin , Lin Gang , Chen Duofu
Published: May 2019

Hadal trenches are considered as depocenters for organic matter and hotspots for microbial diagenetic activity. Here, we explore the sources, degradation, and transport of organic matter in the shelf‐trench continuum using seven short sediment cores collected along two transects with water depths ranging between 1,553 and 8,901 m in the New Britain Trench area, Papua New Guinea. Carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) and radiocarbon contents (Δ14C) of sedimentary organic matter accompanied by total organic carbon/total nitrogen ratios suggest an important contribution from the preaged soil organic matter mixed by the marine algae and terrigenous C3 vascular plants. In addition, the trench axis sites are characterized by elevated accumulation of terrigenous organic materials. Rates of organic matter mineralization approximated by dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes at the sediment‐water interface reveal an approximately threefold higher rate at the trench axis sites than the abyssal sites. 210Pbxs profiles and burial of carbonate (up to 50%) at both trench axis sites reflect recent occurrence of mass‐wasting events possibly induced by earthquakes, which is responsible for the transport of preaged, terrigenous organic matter to the trench bottom. This tectonically triggered deposition event, which was also shown to occur in the Japan Trench, the Tonga Trench, and probably in many other trenches, is likely to efficiently transport terrigenous organic matter to hadal trenches, thereby underpinning the importance of terrigenous organic matter burial in hadal trenches for the ocean organic carbon budget. Furthermore, we hypothesize that hadal trenches may host a distinct microbial community that is capable of feeding on old, refractory terrigenous organic matter.
Initiation and Development of Wetlands in Southern Florida Karst Landscape Associated With Accumulation of Organic Matter and Vegetation Evolution
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Bianchi Thomas S. , Cohen Matthew J. , Martin Jonathan B. , Quintero Carlos J. , Brown Amy L. , Ares Angelica M. , Heffernan James B. , Ward Nicholas , Osborne Todd Z. , Shields Michael R. , Kenney William F.
Published: May 2019

Biological processes exert important controls on geomorphic evolution of karst landscapes because carbonate mineral dissolution can be augmented and spatially focused by production of CO2 and biogenic acids from organic matter (OM) decomposition. In Big Cypress National Preserve in southwest Florida, depressional wetlands (called cypress domes) dissolved into surface‐exposed carbonate rocks and exhibit regular patterning (size, depth, and spacing) within the pine upland mosaic. To understand when wetland basins began to form and the role of spatially varying OM decomposition on bedrock weathering, we constructed age profiles of sediment accretion using compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis of long‐chain fatty acids and measured bulk OM properties and biomarker proxies (fatty acids and lignin phenols) in different zones (center vs. edge) of the wetlands. Based on compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis, landscape patterning likely began in the middle to late Holocene, with wetlands beginning to form earlier at higher elevations than at lower elevations within the regional landscape. Dominant vegetation appears to have shifted from graminoids to woody plants around 3,000 calendar years before the present, as reflected in downcore bulk carbon isotope data and lignin concentration, likely from increased precipitation and hydroperiods. OM is mostly accumulated in wetland centers, and wetland centers exhibit more carbonate dissolution due to inundation limiting atmospheric ventilation of CO2. Landscape development and patterning thus arise from interactions between hydrology, ecology, and ecological community evolution that control carbonate mineral dissolution.
MMS Study of the Structure of Ion‐Scale Flux Ropes in the Earth's Cross‐Tail Current Sheet
Authors: Sun W. J. , Slavin J. A. , Tian A. M. , Bai S. C. , Poh G. K. , Akhavan‐Tafti M. , Lu San , Yao S. T. , Le G. , Nakamura R. , Giles B. L. , Burch J. L.
Published: May 2019

This study analyzes 25 ion‐scale flux ropes in the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations to determine their structures. The high temporal and spatial resolution MMS measurements enable the application of multispacecraft techniques to ion‐scale flux ropes. Flux ropes are identified as quasi‐one‐dimensional (quasi‐1‐D) when they retain the features of reconnecting current sheets; that is, the magnetic field gradient is predominantly northward or southward, and quasi‐2‐D when they exhibit circular cross sections; that is, the magnetic field gradients in the plane transverse to the flux rope axis are comparable. The analysis shows that the quasi‐2‐D events have larger core fields and smaller pressure variations than the quasi‐1‐D events. These two types of flux ropes could be the result of different processes, including magnetic reconnection with different dawn‐dusk magnetic field components, temporal transformation of flattened structure to circular, or interactions with external environments.
Deciphering the regulatory and catalytic mechanisms of an unusual SAM-dependent enzyme
Authors: Sun Qiu , Hu Yuehong , Gu Yijun , Huang Jiangkun , He Jun , Luo Lan , Yang Yi , Yin Shuo , Dou Chao , Wang Tianqi , Fu Xianghui , He Ling , Qi Shiqian , Zhu Xiaofeng , Yang Shengyong , Wei Xiawei , Cheng Wei
Published: May 2019

S-adenosyl-1-methionine (SAM)-dependent enzymes regulate various disease-related behaviors in all organisms. Recently, the leporin biosynthesis enzyme LepI, a SAM-dependent enzyme, was reported to catalyze pericyclic reactions in leporin biosynthesis; however, the mechanisms underlying LepI activation and catalysis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of LepI. Here, we reported crystal structures of LepI bound to SAM/5′-deoxy-5′-(methylthio) adenosine (MTA), S-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH), and SAM/substrate states. Structural and biochemical analysis revealed that MTA or SAH inhibited the enzyme activities, whereas SAM activated the enzyme. The analysis of the substrate-bound structure of LepI demonstrated that this enzymatic retro-Claisen rearrangement was primarily driven by three critical polar residues His133, Arg197, Arg295 around the active site and assisted by SAM with unclear mechanism. The present studies indicate that the unique mechanisms underlying regulatory and catalysis of the unusual SAM-dependent enzyme LepI, not only strengthening current understanding of the fundamentally biochemical catalysis, but also providing novel insights into the design of SAM-dependent enzyme-specific small molecules.
Microbial succession on decomposing root litter in a drought-prone Scots pine forest
Authors: Herzog Claude , Hartmann Martin , Frey Beat , Stierli Beat , Rumpel Cornelia , Buchmann Nina , Brunner Ivano
Published: May 2019

Decomposition is a major flux of the carbon cycle in forest soils and understanding the involved processes is a key for budgeting carbon turnover. Decomposition is constrained by the presence of biological agents such as microorganisms and the underlying environmental conditions such as water availability. A metabarcoding approach of ribosomal markers was chosen to study the succession of bacterial and fungal decomposers on root litter. Litterbags containing pine roots were buried in a pine forest for two years and sequentially sampled. Decomposition and the associated communities were surveyed under ambient dry and long-term irrigation conditions. Early decomposition stages were characterized by the presence of fast-cycling microorganisms such as Bacteroidetes and Helotiales, which were then replaced by more specialized bacteria and litter-associated or parasitic groups such as Acidobacteria, white rots, and Pleosporales. This succession was likely driven by a decrease of easily degradable carbohydrates and a relative increase in persistent compounds such as lignin. We hypothesize that functional redundancy among the resident microbial taxa caused similar root decomposition rates in control and irrigated forest soils. These findings have important implications for drought-prone Alpine forests as frequent drought events reduce litter fall, but not litter decomposition, potentially resulting in lower carbon stocks.
A transparent stretchable sensor for distinguishable detection of touch and pressure by capacitive and piezoresistive signal transduction
Authors: Hwang Byeong-Ung , Zabeeb Arsalan , Trung Tran Quang , Wen Long , Lee Jae Deuk , Choi Young-In , Lee Han-Byeol , Kim Ju Hyun , Han Jeon Geon , Lee Nae-Eung
Published: May 2019

Transparent stretchable (TS) sensors capable of detecting and distinguishing touch and pressure inputs are a promising development in wearable electronics. However, realization of such a device has been limited by difficulties in achieving optical transparency, stretchability, high sensitivity, stability, and distinguishable responsivity to two stimuli simultaneously. Herein, we report a TS sensor in which touch and pressure stimuli can be detected and distinguished on a substrate with a stress-relieving three-dimensional (3D) microstructured pattern providing multidirectional stretchability and increased pressure sensitivity. The TS capacitive device structure is a dielectric layer sandwiched between an upper piezoresistive electrode of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/ionic liquid composite, which enables touch and pressure stimuli to be distinguished, and a lower electrode of metal/indium tin oxide/metal multilayer. The TS sensor array was demonstrated as a wearable input device for controlling a small vehicle. The TS touch-pressure sensor has great potential to be used as a multimodal input device for future wearable electronics.
Evidence for fungi and gold redox interaction under Earth surface conditions
Authors: Bohu Tsing , Anand Ravi , Noble Ryan , Lintern Mel , Kaksonen Anna H. , Mei Yuan , Cheng Ka Yu , Deng Xiao , Veder Jean-Pierre , Bunce Michael , Power Matthew , Verrall Mike
Published: May 2019

Microbial contribution to gold biogeochemical cycling has been proposed. However, studies have focused primarily on the influence of prokaryotes on gold reduction and precipitation through a detoxification-oriented mechanism. Here we show, fungi, a major driver of mineral bioweathering, can initiate gold oxidation under Earth surface conditions, which is of significance for dissolved gold species formation and distribution. Presence of the gold-oxidizing fungus TA_pink1, an isolate of Fusarium oxysporum, suggests fungi have the potential to substantially impact gold biogeochemical cycling. Our data further reveal that indigenous fungal diversity positively correlates with in situ gold concentrations. Hypocreales, the order of the gold-oxidizing fungus, show the highest centrality in the fungal microbiome of the auriferous environment. Therefore, we argue that the redox interaction between fungi and gold is critical and should be considered in gold biogeochemical cycling.
Exact invariant solution reveals the origin of self-organized oblique turbulent-laminar stripes
Authors: Reetz Florian , Kreilos Tobias , Schneider Tobias M.
Published: May 2019

Wall-bounded shear flows transitioning to turbulence may self-organize into alternating turbulent and laminar regions forming a stripe pattern with non-trivial oblique orientation. Different experiments and flow simulations identify oblique stripe patterns as the preferred solution of the well-known Navier-Stokes equations, but the origin of stripes and their oblique orientation remains unexplained. In concluding his lectures, Feynman highlights the unexplained stripe pattern hidden in the solution space of the Navier-Stokes equations as an example demonstrating the need for improved theoretical tools to analyze the fluid flow equations. Here we exploit dynamical systems methods and demonstrate the existence of an exact equilibrium solution of the fully nonlinear 3D Navier-Stokes equations that resembles oblique stripe patterns in plane Couette flow. The stripe equilibrium emerges from the well-studied Nagata equilibrium and exists only for a limited range of pattern angles. This suggests a mechanism selecting the non-trivial oblique orientation angle of turbulent-laminar stripes.
Rationally engineered active sites for efficient and durable hydrogen generation
Authors: Xue Yurui , Hui Lan , Yu Huidi , Liu Yuxin , Fang Yan , Huang Bolong , Zhao Yingjie , Li Zhibo , Li Yuliang
Published: May 2019

The atomic-level understanding of the electrocatalytic activity is pivotal for developing new metal-free carbon electrocatalysts towards efficient renewable energy conversion. Here, by utilizing the amidated-carbon fibers, we demonstrate a rational surface modulation strategy on both structural and electronic properties, which will significantly boost the hydrogen evolution reaction activity of electrocatalysts. Theoretical calculations reveal the amidation decorated surface will promote significantly more 2D electrons towards the localization at the C=O branch. The modified surface displays a self-activated electron-extraction characteristic that was actualized by a fast reversible bond-switching between HO-C=Ccatalyst and O=C-Ccatalyst. Experimentally, this metal-free electrode exhibits outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction activities and long-term stabilities in both acidic and alkaline media, even surpassing the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst. Thus, this strategy can extend to a general blueprint for achieving precise tuning on highly efficient electron-transfer of hydrogen evolution reaction for broad applications under universal pH conditions.
Li@C60 as a multi-state molecular switch
Authors: Chandler Henry J. , Stefanou Minas , Campbell Eleanor E. B. , Schaub Renald
Published: May 2019

The field of molecular electronics aims at advancing the miniaturization of electronic devices, by exploiting single molecules to perform the function of individual components. A molecular switch is defined as a molecule that displays stability in two or more states (e.g. “on” and “off” involving conductance, conformation etc.) and upon application of a controlled external perturbation, electric or otherwise, undergoes a reversible change such that the molecule is altered. Previous work has shown multi-state molecular switches with up to four and six distinct states. Using low temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, we report on a multi-state single molecule switch using the endohedral fullerene Li@C60 that displays 14 molecular states which can be statistically accessed. We suggest a switching mechanism that relies on resonant tunnelling via the superatom molecular orbitals (SAMOs) of the fullerene cage as a means of Li activation, thereby bypassing the typical vibronic excitation of the carbon cage that is known to cause molecular decomposition.
Emergence of active nematics in chaining bacterial biofilms
Authors: Yaman Yusuf Ilker , Demir Esin , Vetter Roman , Kocabas Askin
Published: May 2019

Growing tissue and bacterial colonies are active matter systems where cell divisions and cellular motion generate active stress. Although they operate in the non-equilibrium regime, these biological systems can form large-scale ordered structures. How mechanical instabilities drive the dynamics of active matter systems and form ordered structures are not well understood. Here, we use chainingBacillus subtilis, also known as a biofilm, to study the relation between mechanical instabilities and nematic ordering. We find that bacterial biofilms have intrinsic length scales above which a series of mechanical instabilities occur. Localized stress and friction drive buckling and edge instabilities which further create nematically aligned structures and topological defects. We also observe that topological defects control stress distribution and initiate the formation of sporulation sites by creating three-dimensional structures. In this study we propose an alternative active matter platform to study the essential roles of mechanics in growing biological tissue.
A neural circuit model of decision uncertainty and change-of-mind
Authors: Atiya Nadim A. A. , Rañó Iñaki , Prasad Girijesh , Wong-Lin KongFatt
Published: May 2019

Decision-making is often accompanied by a degree of confidence on whether a choice is correct. Decision uncertainty, or lack in confidence, may lead to change-of-mind. Studies have identified the behavioural characteristics associated with decision confidence or change-of-mind, and their neural correlates. Although several theoretical accounts have been proposed, there is no neural model that can compute decision uncertainty and explain its effects on change-of-mind. We propose a neuronal circuit model that computes decision uncertainty while accounting for a variety of behavioural and neural data of decision confidence and change-of-mind, including testable model predictions. Our theoretical analysis suggests that change-of-mind occurs due to the presence of a transient uncertainty-induced choice-neutral stable steady state and noisy fluctuation within the neuronal network. Our distributed network model indicates that the neural basis of change-of-mind is more distinctively identified in motor-based neurons. Overall, our model provides a framework that unifies decision confidence and change-of-mind.
Extracellular DNA release, quorum sensing, and PrrF1/F2 small RNAs are key players in Pseudomonas aeruginosa tobramycin-enhanced biofilm formation
Authors: Tahrioui Ali , Duchesne Rachel , Bouffartigues Emeline , Rodrigues Sophie , Maillot Olivier , Tortuel Damien , Hardouin Julie , Taupin Laure , Groleau Marie-Christine , Dufour Alain , Déziel Eric , Brenner-Weiss Gerald , Feuilloley Marc , Orange Nicole , Lesouhaitier Olivier , Cornelis Pierre , Chevalier Sylvie
Published: May 2019

Biofilms are structured microbial communities that are the leading cause of numerous chronic infections which are difficult to eradicate. Within the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes persistent biofilm infection that is commonly treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics such as tobramycin. However, sublethal concentrations of this aminoglycoside were previously shown to increase biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa, but the underlying adaptive mechanisms still remain elusive. Herein, we combined confocal laser scanning microscope analyses, proteomics profiling, gene expression assays and phenotypic studies to unravel P. aeruginosa potential adaptive mechanisms in response to tobramycin exposure during biofilm growth. Under this condition, we show that the modified biofilm architecture is related at least in part to increased extracellular DNA (eDNA) release, most likely as a result of biofilm cell death. Furthermore, the activity of quorum sensing (QS) systems was increased, leading to higher production of QS signaling molecules. We also demonstrate upon tobramycin exposure an increase in expression of the PrrF small regulatory RNAs, as well as expression of iron uptake systems. Remarkably, biofilm biovolumes and eDNA relative abundances in pqs and prrF mutant strains decrease in the presence of tobramycin. Overall, our findings offer experimental evidences for a potential adaptive mechanism linking PrrF sRNAs, QS signaling, biofilm cell death, eDNA release, and tobramycin-enhanced biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. These specific adaptive mechanisms should be considered to improve treatment strategies against P. aeruginosa biofilm establishment in CF patients’ lungs.
Lattice frustration in spin-orbit Mott insulator Sr3Ir2O7 at high pressure
Authors: Zhang Jianbo , Yan Dayu , Yesudhas Sorb , Deng Hongshan , Xiao Hong , Chen Bijuan , Sereika Raimundas , Yin Xia , Yi Changjiang , Shi Youguo , Liu Zhenxian , Pärschke Ekaterina M. , Chen Cheng-Chien , Chang Jun , Ding Yang , Mao Ho-kwang
Published: May 2019

The intertwined charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom could endow 5d compounds with exotic properties. Current interest is focused on electromagnetic interactions in these materials, whereas the important role of lattice geometry remains to be fully recognized. For this sake, we investigate pressure-induced phase transitions in the spin-orbit Mott insulator Sr3Ir2O7 with Raman, electrical resistance, and x-ray diffraction measurements. We reveal an interesting magnetic transition coinciding with a structural transition at 14.4 GPa, but without a concurrent insulator-metal transition. The conventional correlation between magnetic and Mott insulating states is thereby absent. The observed softening of the one-magnon mode can be explained by a reduced tetragonal distortion, while the actual magnetic transition is associated with tilting of the IrO6 octahedra. This work highlights the critical role of lattice frustration in determining the high-pressure phases of Sr3Ir2O7. The ability to control electromagnetic properties via manipulating the crystal structure with pressure promises a new way to explore new quantum states in spin-orbit Mott insulators.
Mapping connections in signaling networks with ambiguous modularity
Authors: Lill Daniel , Rukhlenko Oleksii S. , Mc Elwee Anthony James , Kashdan Eugene , Timmer Jens , Kholodenko Boris N.
Published: May 2019

Modular Response Analysis (MRA) is a suite of methods that under certain assumptions permits the precise reconstruction of both the directions and strengths of connections between network modules from network responses to perturbations. Standard MRA assumes that modules are insulated, thereby neglecting the existence of inter-modular protein complexes. Such complexes sequester proteins from different modules and propagate perturbations to the protein abundance of a downstream module retroactively to an upstream module. MRA-based network reconstruction detects retroactive, sequestration-induced connections when an enzyme from one module is substantially sequestered by its substrate that belongs to a different module. Moreover, inferred networks may surprisingly depend on the choice of protein abundances that are experimentally perturbed, and also some inferred connections might be false. Here, we extend MRA by introducing a combined computational and experimental approach, which allows for a computational restoration of modular insulation, unmistakable network reconstruction and discrimination between solely regulatory and sequestration-induced connections for a range of signaling pathways. Although not universal, our approach extends MRA methods to signaling networks with retroactive interactions between modules arising from enzyme sequestration effects.
Longitudinal 16S rRNA data derived from limb regenerative tissue samples of axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum
Authors: Demircan Turan , İlhan Ayşe Elif , Ovezmyradov Guvanch , Öztürk Gürkan , Yıldırım Süleyman
Published: May 2019

The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a critically endangered species and a fruitful amphibian model for regenerative biology. Despite growing body of research on the cellular and molecular biology of axolotl limb regeneration, microbiological aspects of this process remain poorly understood. Here, we describe bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon dataset derived from axolotl limb tissue samples in the course of limb regeneration. The raw data was obtained by sequencing V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA gene and comprised 14,569,756 paired-end raw reads generated from 21 samples. Initial data analysis using DADA2 pipeline resulted in amplicon sequence variant (ASV) table containing a total of ca. 5.9 million chimera-removed, high-quality reads and a median of 296,971 reads per sample. The data constitute a useful resource for the research on the microbiological aspects of axolotl limb regeneration and will also broadly facilitate comparative studies in the developmental and conservation biology of this critically endangered species.
Multi-omics Analysis of Liver Infiltrating Macrophages Following Ethanol Consumption
Authors: Marentette John O. , Wang Meng , Michel Cole R. , Powell Roger , Zhang Xing , Reisdorph Nichole , Fritz Kristofer S. , Ju Cynthia
Published: May 2019

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a significant health hazard and economic burden affecting approximately 10 million people in the United States. ALD stems from the production of toxic-reactive metabolites, oxidative stress and fat accumulation in hepatocytes which ultimately results in hepatocyte death promoting hepatitis and fibrosis deposition. Monocyte-derived infiltrating Ly6Chi and Ly6Clow macrophages are instrumental in perpetuating and resolving the hepatitis and fibrosis associated with ALD pathogenesis. In the present study we isolated liver infiltrating macrophages from mice on an ethanol diet and subjected them to metabolomic and proteomic analysis to provide a broad assessment of the cellular metabolite and protein differences between infiltrating macrophage phenotypes. We identified numerous differentially regulated metabolites and proteins between Ly6Chi and Ly6Clow macrophages. Bioinformatic analysis for pathway enrichment of the differentially regulated metabolites showed a significant number of metabolites involved in the processes of glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and phospholipid biosynthesis. From analysis of the infiltrating macrophage proteome, we observed a significant enrichment in the biological processes of antigen presentation, actin polymerization and organization, phagocytosis and apoptotic regulation. The data presented herein could yield exciting new research avenues for the analysis of signaling pathways regulating macrophage polarization in ALD.
Near-zero temperature coefficient of resistance of hybrid resistor fabricated with carbon nanotube and metal alloy
Authors: Lee Sunwoo , Kim Eun-Min , Lim Youngtaek
Published: May 2019

A hybrid resistor has been fabricated by parallely connecting carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber with negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and metal alloy with positive TCR to achieve near zero TCR. The CNT fibers were prepared by yarning CNTs grown on the silicone substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The CNT fiber resistors were fabricated by winding CNT fiber on the ceramic rod. Metal terminals were connected at both ends of the CNT fiber wound on the ceramic rod. The metal alloy resistors were fabricated with copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) with different weight compositions. Electrical resistance and thermal stability (in terms of TCR in this work) of the CNT fiber resistors, the metal alloy resistors, and the hybrid resistors were measured as 7.94 Ω and −870 ppm/°C, 7.94 Ω and 1100 ppm/°C, and 3.97 Ω and −2 ppm/°C, respectively. In case of parallelly connected resistors with suitable combination, the resistance was lower than that of resistor with lower value, and the TCR approached to near zero. Finally, we propose a theoretical approach for adjusting resistance and TCR of the hybrid resistor composed of metal alloy and CNT fibers.
Emerging two-dimensional monoelemental materials (Xenes) for biomedical applications
Authors: Tao Wei , Kong Na , Ji Xiaoyuan , Zhang Yupeng , Sharma Amit , Ouyang Jiang , Qi Baowen , Wang Junqing , Xie Ni , Kang Chulhun , Zhang Han , Farokhzad Omid C. , Kim Jong Seung
Published: May 2019

This review summarizes the emerging two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials (Xenes) with unique 2D structures and their fascinating properties and showcases their potential in biomedical applications.
An FeIII dinuclear metallacycle complex as a size-selective adsorbent for nitrogenous compounds and a potentially effective ammonia storage material
Authors: Silva Ingrid F. , Teixeira Ivo F. , Barros Wdeson P. , Pinheiro Carlos B. , Ardisson José D. , do Nascimento Gustavo M. , Pradie Noriberto A. , Teixeira Ana Paula C. , Stumpf Humberto O.
Published: May 2019

Study of the FeIII dinuclear metallacycle complex as a size selective adsorbent to amines with excellent capacity to adsorb ammonia.
Color tunable single-phase Eu2+and Ce3+co-activated Sr2LiAlO4phosphors
Authors: Ha Jungmin , Kim Yoon Hwa , Novitskaya Ekaterina , Wang Zhenbin , Sanchez Maritza , Graeve Olivia A. , Ong Shyue Ping , Im Won Bin , McKittrick Joanna
Published: May 2019

Color tunable single-phase phosphors (blue- to green-emitting) were fabricated with co-activators that also improved the quantum efficiency.
A new restricted access molecularly imprinted fiber for direct solid phase microextraction of benzodiazepines from plasma samples
Authors: Abrão Lailah Cristina de Carvalho , Figueiredo Eduardo Costa
Published: May 2019

Restricted access molecularly imprinted polymers (RAMIPs) are hybrid materials that present selective binding sites for a template (or similar molecules), and an external hydrophilic layer that avoids the binding of proteins to the material, making them appropriate for the sample preparation of protein fluids.
True one cell chemical analysis: a review
Authors: De Silva Imesha W. , Kretsch Amanda R. , Lewis Holly-May , Bailey Melanie , Verbeck Guido F.
Published: May 2019

The constantly growing field of True One Cell (TOC) analysis has provided important information on the direct chemical composition of various cells and cellular components.
Resistive switching in an organic supramolecular semiconducting ferroelectric
Authors: Casellas Nicolás M. , Urbanaviciute Indre , Cornelissen Tim D. , Berrocal José Augusto , Torres Tomás , Kemerink Martijn , García-Iglesias Miguel
Published: May 2019

The combination of switchable dipolar side groups and the semiconducting core leads to a material showing continuous tunability from injection- to bulk-limited conductivity modulation.
Achieving high-efficiency purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence materials by boronic ester substitution of phenoxathiine
Authors: Li Mengke , Cai Xinyi , Qiao Zhenyang , Liu Kunkun , Xie Wentao , Wang Liangying , Zheng Nan , Su Shi-Jian
Published: May 2019

The effect of boronic ester substitution on the room-temperature phosphorescence of phenoxathiine-based derivatives was investigated to achieve an improved phosphorescence quantum efficiency of up to 20%.
Development of a red absorbing Se-rhodamine photosensitizer and its application for bio-orthogonally activatable photodynamic therapy
Authors: Lv Weijie , Chi Siyu , Feng Wenqi , Liang Tao , Song Dan , Liu Zhihong
Published: May 2019

A π-extended Se-rhodamine was employed for the construction of a bio-orthogonally activatable photosensitizer.
Nd3+-Doped BiVO4 luminescent nanothermometers of high sensitivity
Authors: Gschwend Pascal M. , Starsich Fabian H. L. , Keitel Robert C. , Pratsinis Sotiris E.
Published: May 2019

The sensitivity of neodymium-based nanothermometers can be increased by an order of magnitude through careful selection of spectral lines.
A theoretical approach to the role of different types of electrons in planar elongated boron clusters
Authors: Duong Long Van , Mai Dang Thi Tuyet , Pham-Ho My Phuong , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: May 2019

While the stability of planar elongated pure boron clusters is determined by their […σ2(n+1)π12(n+1)π22n] electronic configuration, therectangle modelcan rationalize the π electronic configuration of rectangle-shaped structures.
Formation of a long-lived cyclic isomer of ethylenedione
Authors: Krasnokutski Serge A. , Tkachenko Olena , Jäger Cornelia , Henning Thomas
Published: May 2019

A century of unsuccessful attempts to identify the neutral ethylenedione molecule combined with the results of quantum-chemical computations resulted in the conclusion on the instability of this molecule.
Vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy of electrode surfaces: studying the mechanisms of sustainable fuel generation and utilisation
Authors: Gardner Adrian M. , Saeed Khezar H. , Cowan Alexander J.
Published: May 2019

The electrocatalytic oxidation of water coupled to the reduction of carbon dioxide, to make carbon based products, or the reduction of protons to provide hydrogen, offers a sustainable route to generating useful fuels.
Probing the structures and bonding of size-selected boron and doped-boron clusters
Authors: Jian Tian , Chen Xuenian , Li Si-Dian , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Li Jun , Wang Lai-Sheng
Published: May 2019

Photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with theoretical calculations has been used to investigate size-selected boron clusters, uncovering interesting structures and bonding.
Direct conversion of methane to methanol with zeolites: towards understanding the role of extra-framework d-block metal and zeolite framework type
Authors: Raynes Samuel , Shah Meera A. , Taylor Russell A.
Published: May 2019

This Perspective article highlights the latest advances in the field of direct methane to methanol conversion by zeolites containing first row, extra-framework d-block metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn).
Theoretical studies on the mechanism of Ru(ii)-catalyzed regioselective C–H allylation of indoles with allyl alcohols
Authors: Deng Chao , Hu Po , Wang YouJia , Wang Shaowei , Zhang Weihua
Published: May 2019

The reaction mechanism of the Ru(ii)-catalyzed regioselective C–H allylation of indoles with allyl alcohols has been studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
H2O-controlled selective thiocyanation and alkenylation of ketene dithioacetals under electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Wen Jiangwei , Zhang Longfei , Yang Xiaoting , Niu Cong , Wang Shuangfeng , Wei Wei , Sun Xuejun , Yang Jianjing , Wang Hua
Published: May 2019

Efficient and H2O-controlled selective thiocyanation and alkenylation of internal olefins, to afford tetrasubstituted olefins under electrochemical oxidation, has been successfully developed.
Photon flux determination of a liquid-metal jet X-ray source by means of photon scattering
Authors: Wansleben Malte , Zech Claudia , Streeck Cornelia , Weser Jan , Genzel Christoph , Beckhoff Burkhard , Mainz Roland
Published: May 2019

Liquid-metal jet X-ray sources promise to deliver high photon fluxes, which are unprecedented for laboratory based X-ray sources, because the regenerating liquid-metal anode is less sensitive to damage caused by an increased electron beam power density.
Anti-biofilm activity of quinazoline derivatives against Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Cox Karlie E. , Melander Christian
Published: May 2019

Bacteria employ a number of mechanisms to resist the effects of antibiotics, including the formation of biofilms.
A new nanowire-based lithium hexaoxotungstate anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Akram Muhammad Zain , Thapa Arjun Kumar , Ajayi Babajide Patrick , Atla Veerendra , Gong Jian Ru , Sunkara Mahendra
Published: May 2019

This study reports one dimensional lithium hexaoxotungstate (Li6WO6), with a diameter in the range of 200–500 nm, as a novel anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Synthesis of diarylidenecyclohexanone derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory leads against COX-2/mPGES1 and 5-LOX
Authors: Kar Swayamsiddha , Ramamoorthy Gayathri , Sinha Shweta , Ramanan Meera , Pola Jeevan Kumar , Golakoti Nageswara Rao , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Sahoo Suraj Kumar , Dandamudi Rajesh Babu , Doble Mukesh
Published: May 2019

This study establishes the diarylidenecyclohexanones as good anti-inflammatory pharmacophores with selective high potency against PGE2and 5-LOX without toxicity towards healthy human cells.
Nanostructured silver decorated hollow silica and their application in the treatment of microbial contaminated water at room temperature
Authors: Nishanthi S. T. , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Baruah Arabinda , Vaghasiya Kalpesh , Verma Rahul Kumar , Ganguli Ashok K. , Jha Menaka
Published: May 2019

Effect of silver decoration on hollow silica and its antimicrobial properties.
A surface carbonization strategy towards MoS2 microspheres with enhanced electrochemical hydrogen evolution activity
Authors: Fei Chengwei , Cui Lixia , Du Haiwei , Gu Lina , Xu Gengsheng , Yuan Yupeng
Published: May 2019

Decorating N-doped carbon nanoparticles on MoS2via a surface carbonization strategy to boost electrocatalytic hydrogen generation.
Enhancement of CO2 capture and separation of CO2/N2 using post-synthetic modified MIL-100(Fe)
Authors: Mutyala Suresh , Yakout Sobhy M. , Ibrahim Shebl S. , Jonnalagadda Madhavi , Mitta Harisekhar
Published: May 2019

The CO2 adsorption capacity of diethylenetriamine (DETA) incorporated MIL-100(Fe) was increased by the chemical interaction between amine and CO2.
A chemoinformatics approach for the characterization of hybrid nanomaterials: safer and efficient design perspective
Authors: Mikolajczyk Alicja , Sizochenko Natalia , Mulkiewicz Ewa , Malankowska Anna , Rasulev Bakhtiyor , Puzyn Tomasz
Published: May 2019

In this study, photocatalytic properties and in vitro cytotoxicity of newly designed 29 hybrid TiO2-based nanomaterials were evaluated using a combination of the experimental testing and machine learning modeling.
Impact of oxygen plasma treatment on carrier transport and molecular adsorption in graphene
Authors: Li Hongmei , Singh Austin , Bayram Ferhat , Childress Anthony S. , Rao Apparao M. , Koley Goutam
Published: May 2019

Transport property variation in O2 plasma treated graphene and related enhancement in NH3 sensing.
Recent advances in the direct functionalization of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Ke Qiumin , Yan Guobing , Yu Jian , Wu Xiangmei
Published: May 2019

The direct C3-functionalization of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via C–H bond activation has recently attracted considerable attention, due to their diverse biological activities and chemical properties.