bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the significance of visual artifacts in Anlo traditional marriage system in the Volta region of Ghana
Authors: Gbadagba Godwin , Acquah Ebenezer Kwabena , Empeh-Etseh Henry
Published: November 2022

This study sought to examine the significance of visual artifacts used in Anlo traditional marriage system in the Volta Region of Ghana. Ethnographic research design embedded in the qualitative paradigm was adopted for the study. The purposive technique was used to sample ten (10) respondents; thus, a chief, an elder, and eight (8) married couples in Anyako. A multi-data collection technique comprising semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation was employed for data collection. The results identified various visual artifacts which were, the marriage stool, the marriage cloths (e.g., Achimotta, Haliwoe, Fiawoyome). Also, the study revealed that the wooden stool, “Atizikpui”, is a symbol of the woman's permanency and that she has come to stay forever. The philosophies and concepts behind these visual artifacts become the norms and ethics which bind society. Similarly, the society is taught to make artifacts not just for their aesthetics but also as a way of preserving the culture of the people. The study recommended that traditional leaders must continue to use occasions like durbars, festivals, and other ceremonies to sensitize their subjects on the importance of preserving their culture. This will educate the Anlos about the significance of visual artifacts in their marriage system and also provide good sources of reference materials for the future generation to continue the legacy.
Nature worship in the digital age: A case of Omabala clan in Anambra State in South East Nigeria
Authors: Ude-Akpeh Chinelo Edith
Published: November 2022

The study examined the patronage of nature worship in the digital age with focus on Omabala clan in Anambra State. It is premised on the fact that nature worship still holds sway in the digital and Christian-dominated society. Five research questions guided the study which employed a survey design. The population was the Omabala clan scattered in four LGAs in Anambra State. 100 respondents drawn using convenient sampling formed the sample. Data were elicited by means of a researcher-designed questionnaire tagged ‘Female Nature Worship Questionnaire’ (FENAWOQ). The percentage was used for data analysis. The findings revealed among others that the most popular form of nature worship in the area is water worship and that nature worshippers employ digital devices and other mass media in their operations – an indication that African Traditional Religion (ATR) moves with the times. Also, most water worship centres are presided over by women in spite of the male-dominated society. It was equally observed that the major reason African Traditional Religion (ART) thrives in the area despite the spread of Christianity is due to the life-threatening challenges the people face. The study concludes that the potency of ATR is still upheld by adherents, Christianization notwithstanding.
Consumer awareness on pre-packaged food labelling information towards the purchase of the pre-packaged food products
Authors: Kereth Gudila A. , Marcel Mary R.
Published: November 2022

This study determined the level of awareness on pre-packaged food labelling information among consumers. A cross-sectional survey design was used to gather information from respondents. Purposively sampling method was used to select the TFDA registered supermarkets, provision shops and other pre-packaged food corner outlets. A systematic randomly sampling was used to interview respondents from the main outlets of the shops. A questionnaire with both close and open ended questions was used to collect information from 150 consumers who were found in the supermarket, provision shops and other pre-packaged food outlets purchasing pre-packaged food products. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square tests of significance were employed to determine the association between variables. The findings revealed that consumers were moderately aware on the use of pre-packaged food labelling information. The findings further revealed some difficulties encountered by consumers while reading food labels include technical language used, small font size when reading food label, unfamiliar language as well as incomplete labelling information. Circumstances in which consumers purchase pre-packaged food without consulting the respective labels include time constraint and purchase of routine food products. The findings revealed that respondents level of education was significantly associated with respondents awareness on the use of pre-packaged food labelling information. The findings further revealed that respondent level of education and their occupation were significantly associated with the importance of using pre-packaged food labelling information. Due to public health concern on human being, it is therefore recommended that deliberate efforts should be taken to use educational activities in order to raise consumer awareness on reading and using of pre-packaged food labelling information prior to purchase.
Investigating the academic writing potentials of freshmen at the University of Buea: Making a case for grammatical and lexical awareness
Authors: Nsen Gisela Achuo
Published: November 2022

This study hypothesized “that one who has nothing to say has nothing to write” to investigate the effects of grammatical awareness on performance in language proficiency test among first-year university students at the University of Buea (UB). The sample comprised 100 first-year students purposively sampled from Use of English classes at UB. Using Piaget’s (1936) Theory of Cognitive Development, data for the study was collected and analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that pre-university students upon enrolment harbour stereotyped and somewhat erroneous forms and structures of grammar that eventually become difficult to get out of their minds, and these are often introduced by their teachers or sometimes the environment they come from. Based on the findings, the study recommends that teachers of English at every stage should endeavour to engage students with real-life language use as this has the potentials to improve the communicative abilities.
Projecting the African society and cultural values: Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958)
Authors: Essuman Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Since literature is acknowledged as a reflector of the modern or contemporary society, it is therefore not out of place to claim that a writer’s experiences, community or society influences his or her work. Individual writers have pertinent themes that drive their focus in their creative works and these themes more often align with the society. Hence, to separate the society from literature is to take life from an individual. Achebe’s quest to present the theme of social disintegration and misplaced cultural identity undoubtedly presents the setting of the Nigerian community to his readers. This paper aimed at investigating the techniques that Achebe employs and critically reviewing his presentation of the African society and cultural values in his creative work; Things Fall Apart. Again, it analyzed and appreciated the relevance, the creativity and inventiveness of African writers in writing on the various subject matters and themes that reside in the African society and depict the African values or culture. The findings revealed that Achebe successfully uses diction, figurative language, proverbs, characterization and narrative technique to project the African society and cultural values.
Examining the relationship between physical activity and academic performance among primary students at Tumu in the Upper West Region of Ghana
Authors: Dimbie Mohammed , Akude Seyram Kafui , Dapilee Felicia
Published: November 2022

Much research has shown a link between physical activity and students' academic success in school. In recent years, this approach has gained significant traction, particularly in the context of the professional education system. To investigate the association between physical activity and academic achievement in pupils studying in elementary schools, the research team set out to conduct a survey. The purpose of this study is to discover the connections between the two the study's primary objectives was to investigate the association between physical exercise and academic achievement. According to the findings, the study was a cross-sectional study in which 40 students took part. Prior to beginning the investigation, an ethical clearance was obtained. The instruments utilised to acquire data from students were interviews and observation, and the responses supplied by them were then assessed by the researchers. The findings of the study revealed that most students agreed that there was a link between physical exercise and academic achievement, since their test scores were higher than those of students who did not participate in physical activities during their free time. The findings suggest that physical activities can help students focus better on their studies and may even help them achieve academic success.
Structural and functional insights of the human peroxisomal ABC transporter ALDP
Authors: Jia Yutian , Zhang Yanming , Wang Wenhao , Lei Jianlin , Ying Zhengxin , Yang Guanghui
Published: November 2022

Adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP) is responsible for the transport of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and corresponding CoA-esters across the peroxisomal membrane. Dysfunction of ALDP leads to peroxisomal metabolic disorder exemplified by X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Hundreds of ALD-causing mutations have been identified on ALDP. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of these mutations are restricted to clinical description due to limited structural and biochemical characterization. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human ALDP with nominal resolution at 3.4 Å. ALDP exhibits a cytosolic-facing conformation. Compared to other lipid ATP-binding cassette transporters, ALDP has two substrate binding cavities formed by the transmembrane domains. Such structural organization may be suitable for the coordination of VLCFAs. Based on the structure, we performed integrative analysis of the cellular trafficking, protein thermostability, ATP hydrolysis, and the transport activity of representative mutations. These results provide a framework for understanding the working mechanism of ALDP and pathogenic roles of disease-associated mutations.
Self-configuring feedback loops for sensorimotor control
Authors: Verduzco-Flores Sergio Oscar , De Schutter Erik
Published: November 2022

How dynamic interactions between nervous system regions in mammals performs online motor control remains an unsolved problem. In this paper, we show that feedback control is a simple, yet powerful way to understand the neural dynamics of sensorimotor control. We make our case using a minimal model comprising spinal cord, sensory and motor cortex, coupled by long connections that are plastic. It succeeds in learning how to perform reaching movements of a planar arm with 6 muscles in several directions from scratch. The model satisfies biological plausibility constraints, like neural implementation, transmission delays, local synaptic learning and continuous online learning. Using differential Hebbian plasticity the model can go from motor babbling to reaching arbitrary targets in less than 10 min of in silico time. Moreover, independently of the learning mechanism, properly configured feedback control has many emergent properties: neural populations in motor cortex show directional tuning and oscillatory dynamics, the spinal cord creates convergent force fields that add linearly, and movements are ataxic (as in a motor system without a cerebellum).
Sublytic gasdermin-D pores captured in atomistic molecular simulations
Authors: Schaefer Stefan L , Hummer Gerhard
Published: November 2022

Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) is the ultimate effector of pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death associated with pathogen invasion and inflammation. After proteolytic cleavage by caspases, the GSDMD N-terminal domain (GSDMDNT) assembles on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and induces the formation of membrane pores. We use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study GSDMDNT monomers, oligomers, and rings in an asymmetric plasma membrane mimetic. We identify distinct interaction motifs of GSDMDNT with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylserine (PS) headgroups and describe their conformational dependence. Oligomers are stabilized by shared lipid binding sites between neighboring monomers acting akin to double-sided tape. We show that already small GSDMDNT oligomers support stable, water-filled, and ion-conducting membrane pores bounded by curled beta-sheets. In large-scale simulations, we resolve the process of pore formation from GSDMDNT arcs and lipid efflux from partial rings. We find that high-order GSDMDNT oligomers can crack under the line tension of 86 pN created by an open membrane edge to form the slit pores or closed GSDMDNT rings seen in atomic force microscopy experiments. Our simulations provide a detailed view of key steps in GSDMDNT-induced plasma membrane pore formation, including sublytic pores that explain nonselective ion flux during early pyroptosis.
Integrating physical and tactical factors in football using positional data: a systematic review
Authors: Teixeira José Eduardo , Forte Pedro , Ferraz Ricardo , Branquinho Luís , Silva António José , Monteiro António Miguel , Barbosa Tiago M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Positional data have been used to capture physical and tactical factors in football, however current research is now looking to apply spatiotemporal parameters from an integrative perspective. Thus, the aim of this article was to systematically review the published articles that integrate physical and tactical variables in football using positional data.

Methods and Materials

Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed from earliest record to August 2021. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the modified Downs and Black Quality Index (observational and cross-sectional studies) and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale (intervention studies).

Results

The literature search returned 982 articles (WoS = 495; PubMed = 232 and SportDiscus = 255). After screening, 26 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria and data extraction was conducted. All studies considered the integration of physical and tactical variables in football using positional data (n = 26). Other dimensions were also reported, such as psychophysiological and technical factors, however the results of these approaches were not the focus of the analysis (n = 5). Quasi-experimental approaches considered training sets (n = 20) and match contexts (n = 6). One study analysed both training and play insights. Small sided-games (SSG) were the most common training task formats in the reviewed studies, with only three articles addressing medium-sided (MSG) (n = 1) and large-sided games (LSG) (n = 2), respectively.

Conclusions

Among the current systematic review, the physical data can be integrated by player’s movement speed. Positional datasets can be computed by spatial movement, complex indexes, playing areas, intra-team and inter-team dyads. Futures researches should consider applying positional data in women’s football environments and explore the representativeness of the MSG and LSG.
Detection and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and additional co-existence with mcr genes from river water in northern Thailand
Authors: Chotinantakul Kamonnaree , Chusri Pattranuch , Okada Seiji
Published: November 2022

Background

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-producing E. coli) have emerged, causing human and animal infections worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and molecular genetic features of ESBL-producing and multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli in river water.

Methods

A total of 172 E. coli samples were collected from the Kok River and Kham River in Chiang Rai, Thailand, during a 10-month period (2020–2021).

Results

We detected 45.3% of E. coli to be MDR. The prevalence of ESBL-producers was 22%. Among those ESBL-producing strains, CTX-M-15 (44.7%) was predominantly found, followed by CTX-M-55 (26.3%), CTX-M-14 (18.4%), and CTX-M-27 (10.5%). The blaTEM-1 and blaTEM-116 genes were found to be co-harbored with the blaCTX-M genes. Mobile elements, i.e., ISEcp1 and Tn3, were observed. Twelve plasmid replicons were found, predominantly being IncF (76.3%) and IncFIB (52.6%). Whole genome sequencing of ten selected isolates revealed the co-existence of ESBL with mcr genes in two ESBL-producing E. coli. A wide diversity of MLST classifications was observed. An mcr-1.1-pap2 gene cassette was found to disrupt the PUF2806 domain-containing gene, while an mcr-3.4 contig on another isolate contained the nimC/nimA-mcr-3.4-dgkA core segment.

Discussion

In conclusion, our data provides compelling evidence of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli, co-existing with mcr genes in river water in northern Thailand, which may be disseminated into other environments and so cause increased risks to public health.
Development and Organoleptic Evaluation of Chakli Prepared from Green Gram Flour (Vignaradiata L. Wildzek.) and Moth Bean Flour (Vignaacontifolia)
Authors: Atwal Prerna , Singh Uttara , Kushwaha Shalini
Published: November 2022

The present study was undertaken with the objectives of evolving chakli containing green gram flour and moth bean flour to find out their acceptability and nutritive value. Chakli were prepared by using refined flour, green gram flour, moth bean flour, salt, red chilli powder and refined oil by substituting refined flour with green gram flour and moth bean flour. The different samples prepared were Control , Sample 1, Sample 2 and Sample 3 in the ratios of (refinedflour:green gram flour: moth bean flour) 100, 50:25:25, 50:45:5, 50:5:45 respectively. The developed chakli were sensory evaluated using nine point hedonic scale. Results showed that overall acceptability for  Sample 3 (7.85±0.81) Chakli were lying in between the category of ‘like very much and like extremely whereas  Control (7.6±1.53)  were lying in the category of ‘like moderately and like very much’ by panelists.Highest energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat content were observed in Sample2 Chakli (520.8 kilocalories), (17.5 gram), (65.3 gram) and (22.2gram) respectively. Likewise fiber, calcium and iron content were observed in Sample 3 Chakli (2.4 gram) (108.6 milligram) and (5.84 milligram) respectively. Chakli (Sample 3) was most acceptable and analysed for proximate and mineral content along with control sample. Result shows that chakli prepared with green gram flour and moth bean flour (Sample 3) was found to be higher in protein (15.8 gram), fibre (1.9 gram), ash (2.5%), moisture (5.2%), calcium (19 milligram) and iron (1.1 milligram) than control chakli. Thus replacement of traditional food like refined flour with green gram flour and moth bean flour for preparing chakli is feasible and beneficial too and also were very accepted.
Foreign Direct Investment and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: Implication for Sustainable Development
Authors: Madueke Chinwe Monica , Anisiobi Chinwe Ann , Ozoh Joan Nwamaka
Published: November 2022

The study examined the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on poverty reduction with implication on Sustainable development in Nigeria using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model technique on times series data collected from 1985 to 2020. Unit root test using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) found that Poverty Head Count Ratio (PHCR), Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) and Real Exchange rate (REXR) are integrated of order 1(1) while Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is integrated of order 1(0). The results show that FDI has a negative impact on poverty reduction in Nigeria and ARDL Bounds test result shows that there is a long run relationship among all the variables. Finally, lag value result indicates that gross fixed capital formation has a significant impact on poverty head count ratio in Nigeria. In view of these findings, the study concluded and recommended that FDI policies must be checked closely in order to make FDI growth enhancing in Nigeria so as to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) one. Government should also encourage gross fixed capital formation to reduce poverty in Nigeria.
Bulking Behaviour of Promising Potato Varieties in Northern Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Waliur , Islam Saiful , Masud Md. Zakaria , Sheikh Md. Mohiuddin
Published: November 2022

The experiment was conducted at Breeder Seed Production Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Debiganj, Panchagarh during November to February of 2014-2015 to learn about the bulking behavior of promising potato varieties in Bangladesh with the suitable time of harvest for getting desirable yield. The experiment was employed with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six harvesting time at 10 days interval started from 40 days after planting (DAP) and continued up to 90 DAP. Six promising potato varieties such as Bari Alu 40 (4.45w), Bari Alu 41 (5.183), Bari Alu42 (Agila), Bari Alu 43 (Atlas), Bari Alu 44 (Elgar) and Bari Alu 45 (Steffi) were included in the study. Tuber yield was increased up to 90 DAP for all the varieties. The highest tuber yield (55.86ton/ha) was recorded in Bari Alu 45 (Steffi) and the lowest yield of tuber was observed in Bari Alu 43 (Atlas) at 90 DAP. The tuber yield increase rate of Bari Alu 45 (Steffi), Bari Alu 41 (5.183), Bari Alu 42 (Agila) and Bari Alu 40 (4.45w) were reasonable up to 90 DAP, while the increase rate of Bari Alu 43 (Atlas) was reasonable up to 80 DAP and Bari Alu 44 (Elgar) was up to 70 DAP. Bari Alu 44 (Elgar) may be harvested as early variety among the varieties. The percent dry matter was increased up to 90 DAP for all the varieties. The growth rate of tuber was higher at 60–70 DAP for all the varieties except Bari Alu 41 (5.183). In case of Bari Alu  41 (5.183) tuber growth rate was higher at 70-80 DAP. Finally, our study demonstrated that, the optimal period to harvest potatoes is 90 days after planting (DAP), when the tubers are at their largest size, have the most yield, and have accumulated the maximum dry matter.
Influence of Patents on Embryonic Stem Cells Research
Authors: Alhomaidan Hamad M. , Alhomaidan Nehal M. , Alhomaidan Ali M.
Published: November 2022

This article mainly examines stem cells related patents. We first provided a general background on patents. Then, we investigated patents and how they influence innovation in general, and stem cells in particular. Challenges to patenting inventions and innovations associated with stem cells’ field of study in the US and Europe are provided.
Research on Theory and Simulation of Magnetic Liquid Micro Differential Pressure Sensor
Authors: Kuo Lu , Haitao Xu , Xing Wang
Published: November 2022

With magnetic liquid micro differential pressure sensor as the research object, using the finite element analysis software COMSOL, magnetic liquid micro differential pressure sensor are analyzed and calculated by first hall element in the location of the magnetic field change curve, and then analyzed the magnetic liquid micro differential pressure sensor restoring force curve, analyzes the three different change trend of the spacing between the initial magnetic field force, And the change equation of magnetic force is fitted. Finally, the pressure resistance of the magnetic liquid micro-differential pressure sensor is calculated to ensure the integrity of the magnetic liquid sealing ring in the range of measurement, so that it has good sealing performance. The results show that when the distance between two cylindrical permanent magnets L=10mm, the magnetic flux density B at the central axis changes approximately linearly with the distance. The recovery force curve of permanent magnet has good linearity in the spacing range of 24mm ~ 40mm. The sensor has a four-stage magnetic liquid sealing ring, the overall pressure resistance value is four times the unilateral pressure resistance capacity, the theoretical pressure resistance value of magnetic liquid is 5000Pa.
Defying Environmental Deregulation
Authors: Gross Abby , Asfaw Sofya H.
Published: February 2025

This Viewpoint discusses recent executive orders that weaken or repeal US climate policies; calls for the health care sector to take a leading role in advocating for decarbonization and policies that protect public health; and suggests multilevel opportunities for health care professionals and organizations to work collectively to fight climate change to safeguard health.
Cotton Biotechnology for Drought Stress: An Overview of Challenges and Strategies for Sustainable Cotton Production
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad M. , Akram Muhammad W. , Hadi Alishba , Ali Zulfiqar , Aslam Muhammad Z. , Maheen Nimra , Hussain Syed B.
Published: February 2025

In Pakistan, cotton is a significant cash and fibre crop. Water stress inhibits the development and growth of plants by modifying biological processes and metabolic activity. Since the severity and length of the stress are crucial for plant growth, losses due to water constraints in crop yield outweigh losses due to all other factors combined. Water‐deficit stress significantly decreases crop production by affecting morpho‐physiological characteristics which ultimately decreases the fibre quality and reduces the seed cotton yield. Tolerating water deficits includes two crucial stages involving the upregulation of signalling pathways and stimulating molecular expression responses. Enhancement requires various stress‐related actions of plants, particularly mechanisms at the physiological, molecular and biochemical regions. The physiological functions indicators of water stress, including stomata closure as well as the development of roots, cellular adaptations, pollen tube maturation, osmotic adjustments, photosynthesis, abscisic acid (ABA), Jasmonic acid (JA) and other phytohormones are generated, along with reactivity of oxygen species (ROS). Stress conditions influence the molecular basis, quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes related to moisture‐deficit tolerance in cotton. Several genetic strategies for genome alteration such as genetic engineering, manipulation of microRNAs, functional genomics and the CRISPR/Cas9 system assist in the growth of cotton tolerance. Different genetic approaches can make it easier to find superior candidate genes connected to stress physiology approaches to functional genomics. We propose the use of comparative analyses of third‐generation sequencing data (transcriptomics, proteomics and epigenomic) along with genome‐wide analysis and functional genomic techniques to determine and differentiate novel genes. This review will help to comprehend the intricate molecular biology of stress in plants. As the intensity and length of the stress are censorious for plant growth, losses due to water constraints in crop yield outweigh losses due to all other factors combined.
Clinical impact and safety of brain biopsy in unexplained central nervous system disorders: a real‐world cohort study
Authors: van Steenhoven Robin W. , Salih Saan , de Vries Juna M. , Smets Ide , Verdijk Rob M. , Gardeniers Mayke , Kerstens Jeroen , Brenner Juliette , Crijnen Yvette S. , Geurts Marjolein , Bromberg Jacoline E. C. , GeurtsvanKessel Corine H. , Sillevis Smitt Peter A. E. , Balvers Rutger K. , Titulaer Maarten J.
Published: February 2025

Objective

A substantial part of central nervous system (CNS) disorders remains unexplained, despite various new and minimally invasive diagnostic techniques. Within this rapidly developing diagnostic field, the precise role of brain biopsy is unknown. We aimed to study the clinical impact and safety of brain biopsies in unexplained CNS disorders.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we included all adult patients who were referred for a diagnostic work‐up to our academic center with neuro‐inflammatory, neuro‐oncological, and neuro‐infectious expertise and underwent a brain biopsy between January 2010 and December 2023. Typical cases of CNS neoplasms and infections were not analyzed. Brain biopsies were evaluated with respect to diagnostic and therapeutic impact and complication risk.

Results

Brain biopsy was performed in 587 patients. Ninety‐four patients with a CNS disorder of unknown cause, with 107 biopsies, were analyzed (44% female, median age 58 years). Postoperative diagnoses included brain tumors/lymphomas (37/94, 39%), inflammatory disorders (11/94, 12%), infections (8/94, 9%), autoimmune encephalitis (8/94, 9%), and primary angiitis of the CNS (4/94, 4%). Diagnostic yield of brain biopsy was 62%, increasing up to 72% after repeat biopsies, as 10 additional patients were diagnosed with a brain tumor. In 77% of patients, brain biopsy changed the treatment strategy. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 4 of 107 brain biopsies (4%).

Interpretation

In a selected population of patients with unexplained CNS disorders, clinical impact of brain biopsies is high, while being relatively safe. A multidisciplinary team approach is fundamental in establishing optimal indication for brain biopsy and subsequent treatment decisions.
Rescinded OMB order reveals plans for program cuts
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

The “Temporary Pause of Agency Grant, Loan, and Other Financial Assistance Programs” issued January 31 by the federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) was rescinded, but the policy behind it is not. Just the order. We are listing the federal departments and programs on that list that are possibly facing challenges to funding in the future.
Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Graphene/Copper Composites and Their Applications in High‐Efficiency Current‐Carrying Conductors: A Review
Authors: Zhong Simeng , Zhang Xiaoting , Liu Aimin , Zhang Bingyi
Published: February 2025

With the ongoing global energy transition and rapid technological advancements, the demand for high‐efficiency systems in the power industry continues to grow. As a core component of electrical energy transmission within such systems, the enhancement of current‐carrying conductor performance has become a focal point for achieving technological breakthroughs. However, conventional current‐carrying materials, such as copper, are increasingly constrained by inherent performance limitations. Renowned for its exceptional electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, graphene has emerged as a promising reinforcement phase for copper‐based composites, providing a pathway to overcome these limitations and enhance material performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various fabrication techniques for graphene/copper (Gr/Cu) composites, systematically elucidates the intrinsic mechanisms underlying their enhanced electrical and thermal conductivity, and explores the key factors influencing their performance. By summarizing recent research findings and advancements in the application of high‐efficiency current‐carrying conductors in the power industry, this study offers theoretical support for the feasibility of Gr/Cu composites in improving the efficiency and reliability of conductors. Additionally, it provides an outlook on future developments in performance optimization and large‐scale production of these materials to meet the application demands of high‐efficiency systems.
Inherently Micro/Nano‐Patterned and Hydrophobic‐Hydrophilic Inlay Natural Material Assembly for Efficient Nanoplastics Removal
Authors: Liu Fangtian , Wu Yang , Zheng Min , Liu Yifei , Cao Shiyi , Qiu Yijin , Zhao Ze , Deng Hongbing
Published: February 2025

The biological and environmental hazards of nanoplastics are increasingly recognized, driving the need for effective and sustainable removal methods. Hydrophobic adsorbent materials with high surface areas are promising for capturing hydrophobic nanoplastics, yet achieving these properties in an eco‐friendly, energy‐efficient manner remains challenging. In this study, we turned to nature and proposed a synergistic hydrophilic‐hydrophobic inlay strategy that employs hydrophilic bio‐macromolecule β‐chitin to assemble bio‐microparticle pollen featuring inherent hydrophobicity and micro/nano‐patterns. The resulting pollen‐chitin sponge possesses a porous, hydrophobic architecture enriched with unique components such as aromatic rings and acetylamino groups. This assembly promotes strong interpenetration and interconnection between hydrophobic particles and hydrophilic lamellae, enhancing the interaction among hydrophobic pollen particles, water, and nanoplastics. The optimized arrangement of adsorption sites enables high‐efficiency nanoplastics removal, achieving an adsorption capacity of up to 236.30 mg g−1. The removal process is primarily driven by hydrogen bond interaction, hydrophobic interaction, physical interception, and π–π interaction. As a result, it successfully purified wastewater contaminated with multi‐plastic particles and showed advantageous potential for removing various hydrophobic pollutants. Furthermore, sustainable recycling performance is demonstrated. The natural co‐assembly system represents a practical, sustainable combination of multi‐scale and multi‐component biomass materials for mitigating hydrophobic pollution.
Analyzing Electronic Excitations and Exciton Binding Energies in Y6 Films
Authors: Akram Sahar Javaid , Meißner Sophie , Kümmel Stephan
Published: February 2025

The Y6 molecule is one of the most promising non‐fullerene acceptors. Based on first‐principles calculations, this paper analyzes how the separation of an electronic excitation into electron and hole densities is influenced by the interaction between different Y6 molecules. By calculating the optical and the fundamental gaps of ensembles of Y6 molecules that realistically represent a film, their corresponding exciton binding energies are obtained. The combination of range separation, optimal tuning, and dielectric screening endows the presented density functional theory calculations with predictive power. The calculations reveal that the electronic excitations, characterized as electron–hole pairs via their natural transition orbitals, spread across multiple Y6 molecules. A distinct decrease in the exciton binding energy is correlated to a notable charge separation, and the exciton binding energy saturates in ensembles of six to seven Y6 molecules at ≈0.25 electronvolt (eV). These findings contribute to explaining the efficient charge separation in films of Y6. They also give a guideline for the number of molecules that theoretical models should take into account when they aim at a realistic description of charge separation.
Self‐Grading and Surface‐Preservation to Enhance the Compaction Density and Structural Stability of Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Cathode
Authors: Huang Qiqiang , Qiu Kai , Xiao Zuoguo , Li Deqing , Deng Hao , Wen Lianghao , Yuan Weijing , Peng Wei , Zhang Peng , Liu Jinquan , Li Dongyang , Zhan Chun , Chen Xinman , Lu Languang , Hua Jianfeng , Wei Yingzhu , Shao Jie , Ren Dongsheng , Ouyang Minggao , Liu Xiang
Published: February 2025

Li‐rich Mn‐based (LRM) cathode materials are considered promising candidates for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries due to their high specific capacity and cost‐effectiveness. However, they exhibit deficiencies in volumetric energy density, largely attributable to their lower compaction density, which constrains their application in space‐limited devices such as electric vehicles and portable devices. In this study, (NH4)2S2O8 surface treatment is proposed to enhance the compaction density and stability performance of LRM cathode materials. This (NH4)2S2O8 treatment induces the formation of surface Li/O vacancies and spinel structure, leading to an increase in the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) from 75.62% to 89.07%, as well as an increase in discharge capacity from 214.2 to 266.01 mAh g−1 compared with the untreated sample. Furthermore, due to the self‐grading generated by the crushing of cathode particles during the treatment process, which results in the enhancement of the compaction density to 3.18 g cm−3 and the volumetric energy density of 3145 Wh L−1, significantly surpassing the 2487 Wh L−1 of commercial LRM cathode materials. The present work provides new perspectives for the development of LRM cathode materials with high volumetric energy density.
Constructing Hydroxylated Graphite‐Like Film with Protein Regulation on PEEK for Integrated Bone‐Soft Tissue Therapy
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Wu Yinhao , Tan Ji , Liu Xingdan , Zhang Xianming , Qian Shi , Ding Rongxiang , Hou Zhiyu , Jiang Shuaiqi , Liu Xuanyong , Peng Xiaochun
Published: February 2025

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is commonly used for skull repair, but it involves the risk of poor tissue integration and bacterial infection. Simultaneously endowing PEEK with comprehensive bone and soft tissue integration and antibacterial ability remains a challenge. Herein, a novel hydroxylated graphite‐like layer with protein regulation is constructed on PEEK through a simple hydrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (H‐PIII). The energy transfer between high‐energy hydrogen plasma and molecular chains induces the formation of graphite‐like structures with large conjugated systems on the surface of PEEK. In addition, the enhanced reducibility of hydrogen plasma at high implantation voltage converts oxygen‐containing functional groups on the material into phenolic hydroxyl structures. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the large conjugated systems can increase protein adsorption capacity, and phenolic hydroxyl groups can induce protein exposure to RGD binding sites by changing surface potential. As a consequence, it simultaneously enhances both bone and soft tissue integration capabilities by activating conservative integrin‐related pathways. In addition, the photothermal effect of this film can induce bacterial protein denaturation to kill bacteria under the stimulation of near‐infrared light. This study provides a new idea to endow PEEK polymer implants with integrated antibacterial and bone‐soft tissue therapies.
Reprogramming Glutamine Metabolism of Dendritic Cells Boosts Lymph Nodes Migration and Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Pan Yi , Jin Lulu , Yang Huang , Jian Danfeng , Kurlovich Ivan , Beluga Maksim , Stalybka Anastasia , Mou Xiaozhou , Zhu Yang , Mao Zhengwei , Li Xiao
Published: February 2025

Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are key antigen‐presenting cells that efficiently activate CD8+ T cells, driving strong anti‐tumor immunity. cDC1s migration to the lymph node is a pivotal component. Previous studies often focused on enhancing dendritic cells (DCs) migration via the CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 7 – CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 19/21 pathway, while simultaneously increasing tumor cell metastasis. In this study, a new strategy is provided to accelerate DCs’ movement out of tumor by reprograming their glutamine metabolism without causing metastasis of tumor cells. cDC1s‐targeting peptide‐modified liposomes are used to precisely deliver a glutamine uptake receptor SLC38A2 messenger RNA (mRNA) to cDC1s, which increased their need for glutamine and strengthens their trophic gradient tendency toward the lymph nodes. In addition, cDC1s with SLC38A2 overexpression showed higher levels of maturation and activation. In vivo experiments demonstrate significant activation of CD8+ T cells and inhibition of tumor growth when systematic administration of such nanomedicine in mouse models of colorectal carcinoma. The results demonstrate a new insight into regulating DCs behavior, especially lymph node migration, for enhancing anti‐tumor immunity.
Toward the Customized Performance on a Supported Au4Ru2 Cluster Catalyst
Authors: Yuan Qiang , Li Tianchun , Lin Hongqiao , Huang Shuangshuang , Huang Xiao , Jing Yu , Zhu Yan
Published: February 2025

Precisely constructing the catalyst structure and composition at the atomic level is highly desirable for unexpected properties, but is extremely challenging. The success in atomically precise nanochemistry provides an opportunity for the active site‐tailoring of the catalysts toward unique catalysis. Here, atomically monodisperse Au4Ru2(PPh3)2(SC2H4Ph)8 clusters are reported that anchored into the aerogel as heterogeneous catalysts for the carbonylation process of CO2 hydrogenation coupled with dimethylamine. The aerogel indeed provides a performance stage for the cluster, on which the Au sites in the cluster act as the active centers to participate in the synergistic activation and reaction of H2 and CO2, thereby promoting the formylation process toward N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), while the Ru sites play a decisive role in the sequent hydrogenation of the DMF to trimethylamine. Notably, the cluster catalyst can not only exhibit a high turnover number for the carbonylation reaction performed in the batch reactor, but also show a long‐term utilization in the flowing fixed‐bed system, which have not been documented in previous catalysts.
Active Crystal Facets Stabilization Strategy Achieves High‐rate Layered Metal Oxide Cathode Materials
Authors: Gao Chuan , Yu Yue , Wang Hangchao , Xiao Wukun , Cai Junfei , Luo Tie , Yuan Chonglin , Zuo Yuxuan , Xia Dingguo
Published: February 2025

Layered oxides store and release energy through the insertion and extraction of Li‐ions, and the diffusion rate of Li‐ions within these oxides directly affects the charging and discharging rates of Li‐ion batteries. Unlike previous approaches that focus on improving battery rate performance by reducing the size of active particles, this study synthesizes layered metal oxides with Mg embedded in the () active crystal facts (ACFTs), which feature an unsaturated coordination structure. This unique structure facilitates the reversible insertion of large quantities of Li‐ions at high rates. The rapid Li‐ion transfer, buffered volume expansion, and stable ACFT enable Li0.977Mg0.01CoO2 to deliver a specific capacity of 210 mAh g−1 in the 3–4.6V range at 1C, with 81% capacity retention after 300 cycles and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 shows a voltage decay of only 0.15 mV per cycle. This study unveils the stabilization mechanisms of ACFTs and proposes a universal strategy for synthesizing high‐rate cathode materials.
Canonical RETe3 (RE = Rare‐Earth Elements) with Charge Density Wave for Room Temperature Self‐Powered Photodetectors Spanning Mid‐Wave Infrared Band
Authors: Zhang Tianshuo , Yu Zhongyang , Gu Hao , Xiong Suifeng , Chen Yang , Gao Zesen , Wang Yunluo , Yang Yan , Sun Futing , Zhou Tianrui , Zhang Jingyu , Zhu He , Shan Yufeng , Chen Haijie , Dai Ning
Published: February 2025

Charge density wave (CDW), as an ordered electronic state, typically leads to the opening of a narrow bandgap, which can be excited by relatively low‐energy photons, such as infrared light. Compounds with CDW, therefore, hold significant potential for high‐performance broadband photodetectors. In this work, rare‐earth tritellurides (RETe3, where RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Dy), a well‐known series with CDW transitions above room temperature, are investigated for the first time for room‐temperature, broadband, and self‐powered photodetection. RETe3‐based photodetectors demonstrate a broadband response spanning 380 to 4400 nm, covering the ultraviolet to mid‐wave infrared range. Notably, the DyTe3‐based photodetector achieves a responsivity of 27 mA W−1 at 3500 nm in the mid‐wave infrared region, with a detectivity of 1.26 × 109 Jones and a response time of 78 ms, comparable to photodetectors dominated by the photothermoelectric effect based on graphene. This work establishes RETe3 as a promising new family for low‐power, room‐temperature, and broadband photodetection applications.
Synergistic Effect of Mesoporous Carbon‐Based Framework with Sodiophilic Nanoparticles for Stable Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhu Hanqi , Yan Zerui , Wang Xucheng , Liu Weicheng , Guo Lin , Wei Qiulong , Wang Ming‐Sheng
Published: February 2025

Sodium metal anodes (SMAs), featuring high theoretical specific capacity and low redox potential, offer a feasible approach toward next‐generation high‐dense energy storage technology. However, the growth of Na dendrite and the sluggish kinetics of ion transport remain severe challenges for the practical use of SMAs. Herein, a hollow mesoporous carbon nanosheet anchored with sub‐10 nm SnO2 nanoparticles (SnO2@HMCNS) is synthesized as an anode host to addresses the above issues. The sodiophilic SnO2 nanoseeds serve as nucleation sites to guide homogeneous Na deposition. Meanwhile, the open mesoporous channels not only promote the ion transport but also effectively stabilize the sodiophilic seeds and further reduce the nucleation overpotential, facilitating long‐term dendrite‐free Na deposition. Benefitting from these synergistic effects, the SnO2@HMCNS electrode enables a durable cycling of ≈1800 h for a high area capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 at 4 mA cm−2, and a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. Moreover, the SnO2@HMCNS||NVP full cells delivers superior electrochemical performance. Especially, the anode‐free sodium metal batteries achieved ≈80% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. This work provides valuable insight into the interplay between sodiophilic seeds and porous skeletons, which is beneficial to constructing stable high‐efficiency SMAs.
Tetrodotoxin Delivery Pen Safely Uses Potent Natural Neurotoxin to Manage Severe Cutaneous Pain
Authors: Cai Yuhao , Li Qi , Banga Ajay K. , Wesselmann Ursula , Zhao Chao
Published: February 2025

Clinically available therapies often inadequately address severe chronic cutaneous pain due to short anesthetic duration, insufficient intensity, or side effects. This study introduces a pen device delivering tetrodotoxin (TTX), a potent neurotoxin targeting nerve voltage‐gated sodium channels, as a safe and effective topical anesthetic to treat severe chronic cutaneous pain. Chemical permeation enhancers, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and limonene (LIM), are incorporated to enhance TTX skin permeability. The device ensures precise TTX dosing down to the nanogram level, essential to avoid TTX overdose. In rats, the pen device treatment produces TTX‐dose‐dependent anesthetic effectiveness. An administration of 900 ng of TTX with SDS and LIM to the rat back skin produces a 393.25% increase (measurement limit) in the nociceptive skin pressure threshold, and the hypoalgesia lasts for 11.25 h, outperforming bupivacaine (28 µg), of which are 25.24% and under 1 h. Moreover, the pen device provides on‐demand therapy for multiple treatments, consistently achieving prolonged anesthesia over ten sessions (1 treatment per day) without noted toxicity. Furthermore, a single topical administration of 16 µg of TTX exhibits no TTX‐related toxicity in rats. The TTX delivery pen paves the way for clinical trials, offering a promising solution for severe cutaneous pain.