bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History of the Indian Archipelago
Authors: Crawfurd John
Published: July 2014

Trained as a doctor, John Crawfurd (1783–1868) went on to have a distinguished career in colonial administration with the East India Company. He held senior posts in Java from 1811 to 1816, including that of resident at the court of Yogyakarta. A talented linguist and ethnologist, Crawfurd acquired a sound knowledge of ancient Kawi and contemporary Javanese. Upon his return to Britain in 1817, he became a fellow of the Royal Society and published this three-volume work on the Indonesian islands, principally Java, to great acclaim. Following further service abroad, he published accounts of his various missions in south-east Asia and an encyclopaedic sequel to the present work (all of which are reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection). Volume 1 examines the character and manners of the islanders as well as their arts, sciences, medicine, and agricultural techniques.
An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species
Authors: Clarkson Thomas , Newton John
Published: July 2014

This 1786 publication is a translation of a prizewinning Latin essay written by Thomas Clarkson (1760–1846) at Cambridge the previous year. Clarkson's deep research into the Atlantic slave trade instilled in him a sense of duty, inspiring him to devote his life to abolitionism. The publication of the essay introduced Clarkson to like-minded campaigners, notably William Wilberforce (1759–1833) and Granville Sharpe (1735–1813), with whom he helped to establish in 1787 the pioneering Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade. Thoughts on the African Slave Trade (1788) by the sailor, slave trader and Anglican clergyman John Newton (1725–1807) is also reissued in this volume. Published thirty-four years after Newton's retirement from the slave trade, this pamphlet apologises for his 'too late' conversion to the abolitionist movement and describes the horrific conditions aboard slave ships during the Middle Passage.
Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology for the MRCOG and Beyond
Authors: Garden Anne , Hernon Mary , Topping Joanne
Published: July 2014

This book lays out the fundamentals of both the investigation and management of children with gynaecological conditions - an area of work which can be intimidating for many gynaecologists. The contents cover: pubertal growth and development; indeterminate genitalia; gynaecological problems in childhood; endocrine disorders; child sexual abuse; amenorrhoea; menstrual problems in teenagers; contraception; female genital mutilation; and gynaecological tumours. The book is primarily designed to provide a comprehensive summary for candidates preparing for the Part 2 MRCOG examination, and as such covers the RCOG curriculum for paediatric and adolescent gynaecology. It is also a valuable guide for all healthcare professionals working in the field, at any level of practice.
Does type of modified output correspond to learner noticing of feedback? A closer look in face-to-face and computer-mediated task-based interaction
Authors: GURZYNSKI-WEISS LAURA , BARALT MELISSA
Published: July 2014

This study examines if type of learner-modified output differentially demonstrates noticing and whether or not this relationship holds in both face-to-face (FTF) and synchronous computer-mediated chat (SCMC) environments. Twenty-four learners of Spanish as a foreign language interacted one-on-one with an interlocutor in the FTF and the SCMC modes, during which they received corrective feedback. After each interaction, learners participated in a mode-specific stimulated recall session to measure their noticing of feedback. Data were coded for (a) feedback episode, (b) type of modified output (none, partial, or full), and (c) accurate noticing. Binary logistic regressions indicated that after feedback, partial modified output was the greatest predictor of accurate noticing of feedback. This finding applied in both FTF and SCMC.
Arguing about innateness
Authors: VALIAN VIRGINIA
Published: July 2014

This paper lays out the components of a language acquisition model, the interconnections among the components, and the differing stances of nativism and empiricism about syntax. After demonstrating that parsimony cannot decide between the two stances, the paper analyzes nine examples of evidence that have been used to argue for or against nativism, concluding that most pieces of evidence are either irrelevant or suggest that language is special but need not invoke innate ideas. Two pieces of evidence – the development of home sign languages and the acquisition of Determiners – do show not just that language is special but that the child has innate syntactic content. The existential claim that nativism makes – there is at least one innate syntactic idea – is an easier claim to verify than the universal claim that empiricism makes – there are no innate syntactic ideas.
New Characteristics of Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) for Multi-GNSS Constellations
Authors: Teng Yunlong , Wang Jinling
Published: July 2014

For multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations, the Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) is an important parameter utilised for the selection of satellites. This paper has derived new formulae to describe the change of GDOP. The result shows that, for GNSS single point positioning solutions, if one more satellite belonging to the existing tracked multi-GNSS constellation used in the single point positioning solution is added, the GDOP always decreases with the number of the added satellites. On the other hand, when the constellation of the added satellite is not from the tracked existing constellations, the different numbers of the added satellites have different influences on the change of GDOP. Generally, adding one satellite from another constellation into the existing multi-GNSS constellations will increase the GDOP, but adding two satellites will decrease the GDOP compared with adding one from another constellation. Additionally, the GDOP also increases in the cases of adding two satellites from two different constellations into the tracked existing constellations.
A New Simplified Selection Algorithm of the Guide Star Catalogue for a Star Sensor
Authors: Li Xinlu , Yang Jinhua , Zhang Liu , Li Shuang , Jin Guang
Published: July 2014

A guide star catalogue characterised by fewer guide stars, uniform distribution and high completeness is conducive to the improvement of star pattern identification and star tracking efficiency, and it has become an important study objective. A screening method, which takes “quasi-uniform distribution” of space solid angles as the principle and the size of the space solid angle corresponding to 4°×4° on the equator as the reference and divided the whole celestial sphere into 2,664 sub-blocks in sequence, is proposed in this paper. Based on this method, a “quasi-uniform” guide star catalogue with 2,937 guide stars was obtained. According to our ergodic statistical analysis of the whole celestial sphere, in a 12°×12° field of view, after the space solid angle method was used to divide the celestial sphere, the probability of emergence of three guide stars was 99·9% or above, while the number of guide stars decreased by 12·6% compared to the inscribed cube method. It can be concluded that when the completeness is equal, the space solid angle method is superior to the inscribed cube method in both capacity and distribution uniformity.
The role of language ability and self-regulation in the development of inattentive–hyperactive behavior problems
Authors: Petersen Isaac T. , Bates John E. , Staples Angela D.
Published: July 2014

Previous research has found associations but not established mechanisms of developmental linkage between language ability and inattentive–hyperactive (I-H) behavior problems. The present study examined whether self-regulation mediates the effect of language ability on later I-H behavior problems among young children (N = 120) assessed at 30, 36, and 42 months of age. Cross-lagged panel models tested the direction of effect between language ability and self-regulation and longitudinal effects of language ability on later I-H problems mediated by self-regulation. Language ability was measured by children's scores on the receptive and expressive language subtests of the Differential Ability Scales. Self-regulation was measured by three behavioral tasks requiring inhibitory control. I-H problems were reported by parents and secondary caregivers. Language ability predicted later self-regulation as measured by all three tasks. There was no association, however, between self-regulation and later language ability, suggesting that the direction of effect was stronger from language ability to later self-regulation. Moreover, the effect of language ability on later I-H behavior problems was mediated by children's self-regulation in one of the tasks (for secondary caregivers' but not parents' ratings). Findings suggest that language deficits may explain later I-H behavior problems via their prediction of poorer self-regulatory skills.
Design and development of an instrument to measure overall lifestyle habits for epidemiological research: the Mediterranean Lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index
Authors: Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Moreno-Franco Belén , Ordovás Jose M , León Montse , Casasnovas Jose A , Peñalvo Jose L
Published: July 2014

Objective

To design and develop a questionnaire that can account for an individual’s adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle including the assessment of diet and physical activity patterns, as well as social interaction.

Design

The Mediterranean Lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index was created based on the current Spanish Mediterranean food guide pyramid. MEDLIFE is a twenty-eight-item derived index consisting of questions about food consumption (fifteen items), traditional Mediterranean dietary habits (seven items) and physical activity, rest and social interaction habits (six items). Linear regression models and Spearman rank correlation were fitted to assess content validity and internal consistency.

Setting

A subset of participants in the Aragon Workers’ Health Study cohort (Zaragoza, Spain) provided the data for development of MEDLIFE.

Subjects

Participants (n 988) of the Aragon Workers’ Health Study cohort in Spain.

Results

Mean MEDLIFE score was 11·3 (sd 2·6; range: 0–28), and the quintile distribution of MEDLIFE score showed a significant association with each of the individual items as well as with specific nutrients and lifestyle indicators (intra-validity). We also quantified MEDLIFE correspondence with previously reported diet quality indices and found significant correlations (ρ range: 0·44–0·53; P<0·001) for the Alternate Healthy Eating Index, the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Index and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener.

Conclusions

MEDLIFE is the first index to include an overall assessment of lifestyle habits. It is expected to be a more holistic tool to measure adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle in epidemiological studies.
A U-matched printed antenna for dual-band WiFi applications
Authors: Tsai Churng-Jou , Tsai Bo-Yuan
Published: July 2014

In this paper, a novel and compact center-fed dual-band WiFi printed antenna is presented. This antenna is designed using two different arms which correspond to the oscillation points of the dual band, and uses parasitic capacitance and U-shaped microstrip line to match and control the necessary bandwidth. The measured frequency bandwidth of this antenna is 2.3–2.61 GHz (310 MHz, 12.7%) at 2 GHz, and the high-frequency bandwidth is 4.82–5.84 GHz (1020 MHz, 19.1%) at 5 GHz, which meets the requirements for applications in global WiFi communication. This PCB antenna is double-sided, long, and narrow; its size is 7 × 45.9 × 1 mm3; it can be applied to wireless access point; and it has a near-omni-directional radiation pattern. The design, analysis, and measured results of this proposed antenna will be presented.
Hydroxylated near-infrared BODIPY fluorophores as intracellular pH sensors
Authors: Salim Mohamed M. , Owens Eric A. , Gao Tielong , Lee Jeong Heon , Hyun Hoon , Choi Hak Soo , Henary Maged
Published: July 2014

In this study, a series of new, highly sensitive BF2-chelated tetraarylazadipyrromethane dyes are synthesized and analyzed to be suitable as on/off photo-induced electron transfer modulated fluorescent sensors for determination of intracellular pH.
Hollow fiber-supported graphene oxide molecularly imprinted polymers for the determination of dopamine using HPLC-PDA
Authors: Ye Nengsheng , Gao Ting , Li Jian
Published: July 2014

A novel solid phase microextraction method with selectivity: hollow fiber supported graphene oxide–molecularly imprinted polymers for determination of dopamine by HPLC-PDA.
Low-fouling SPR detection of lysozyme and its aggregates
Authors: Mihai Iuliana , Vezeanu Alis , Polonschii Cristina , David Sorin , Gáspár Szilveszter , Bucur Bogdan , Blaszykowski Christophe , Sheikh Sonia , Thompson Michael , Vasilescu Alina
Published: July 2014

Protein aggregates adsorb to material surfaces in a different manner than protein monomers and pose additional challenges for biosensor development with regard to non-specific adsorption (NSA).
A novel ferrocene-tagged peptide nanowire for enhanced electrochemical glucose biosensing
Authors: Wang Jianxiu , Li Ding , Yang Minghui , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2014

Synthetic route for producing Fc coupled diphenylalanine and the response of the resulted glucose biosensor to glucose.
Hydrogen-bonded clusters of ferrocenecarboxylic acid on Au(111)
Authors: Quardokus Rebecca C. , Wasio Natalie A. , Christie John A. , Henderson Kenneth W. , Forrest Ryan P. , Lent Craig S. , Corcelli Steven A. , Alex Kandel S.
Published: July 2014

A STM image of ferrocenecarboxylic acid clusters on Au(111), showing molecular clusters with both double-row and regular pentagonal geometries.
Choosing a proper exchange–correlation functional for the computational catalysis on surface
Authors: Teng Bo-Tao , Wen Xiao-Dong , Fan Maohong , Wu Feng-Min , Zhang Yulong
Published: July 2014

A step-by-step approach for screening a reliable exchange–correlation functional in computational catalysis on a surface is proposed.
Theoretical study on the initial stage of a magnesium battery based on a V2O5 cathode
Authors: Zhou Bo , Shi Hui , Cao Rongfang , Zhang Xiaodong , Jiang Zhenyi
Published: July 2014

The barrierless α to δ phase transformation is proposed as a possible explanation for the full reversibility of a Mg battery with a V2O5 cathode.
Characterization of molybdenum monomeric oxide species supported on hydroxylated silica: a DFT study
Authors: Guesmi Hazar , Gryboś Robert , Handzlik Jarosław , Tielens Frederik
Published: July 2014

Periodic DFT calculations have been performed on molybdenum(vi) oxide species supported on the hydroxylated amorphous silica surface.
Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of new coordination complexes of platinum(ii) and rhenium(i) with a ligand targeting the translocator protein (TSPO)
Authors: Margiotta Nicola , Denora Nunzio , Piccinonna Sara , Laquintana Valentino , Lasorsa Francesco Massimo , Franco Massimo , Natile Giovanni
Published: July 2014

The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is overexpressed in many cancers and is also abundant in activated microglial cells occurring in neurodegenerative diseases.
Two new coordination polymers, a trinuclear metal complex and their interconversion depending on the solvent
Authors: Koike Shiori , Hirakawa Takeshi , Yamanishi Katsunori , Kondo Mitsuru
Published: July 2014

Irreversible conversion of the 1-D coordination polymer to the discrete trinuclear complex by contact with MeCN is described.
The antimicrobial activity of fruits from some cultivar varieties of Rubus idaeus and Rubus occidentalis
Authors: Krauze-Baranowska M. , Majdan M. , Hałasa R. , Głód D. , Kula M. , Fecka I. , Orzeł A.
Published: July 2014

Raspberry fruits exhibit antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, withCorynebacterium diphtheriaeandMoraxella catarrhalisbeing the most sensitive.
Bio-based superhydrophilic foam membranes for sustainable oil–water separation
Authors: Chaudhary Jai Prakash , Nataraj Sanna Kotrappanavar , Gogda Azaz , Meena Ramavatar
Published: July 2014

The development of a low-cost, high-performance, biobased membrane technology has been attempted to treat environmentally sensitive wastewater streams.
A centrifugal microfluidic platform integrating monolithic capillary columns for high-throughput speciation of chromium
Authors: Li Peng , Chen Yi-jun , Lian Hong-zhen , Hu Xin
Published: July 2014

Cr(vi) and Cr(iii) species were separated with high throughput.
Recent advances in heterobimetallic palladium(ii)/copper(ii) catalyzed domino difunctionalization of carbon–carbon multiple bonds
Authors: Beccalli Egle M. , Broggini Gianluigi , Gazzola Silvia , Mazza Alberto
Published: July 2014

The Pd(ii)/Cu(ii)-catalysed double functionalization of carbon–carbon multiple bonds in domino processes has emerged in recent years as a fruitful tool for the rapid synthesis of complex molecular scaffolds.
The first stereoselective total synthesis of neosemburin and isoneosemburin
Authors: Reddy Gadi Madhusudhan , Sridhar Perali Ramu
Published: July 2014

The stereoselective total synthesis of neosemburin and isoneosemburin was achieved using 3-C-branched sugar precursors which in turn were synthesized by Claisen rearrangement of sugar derived allyl vinyl ethers.
Nitroxide-mediated surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene using poly(2-(diethyl)aminoethyl methacrylate-co-styrene) as a stimuli-responsive macroalkoxyamine
Authors: Darabi Ali , Shirin-Abadi Abbas Rezaee , Pinaud Julien , Jessop Philip G. , Cunningham Michael F.
Published: July 2014

The SG1-mediated copolymerization of 2-(diethyl)aminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) and a small percentage of styrene (S) was performed.
Chemical functionalization of emulsion-templated porous polymers by thiol–ene “click” chemistry
Authors: Langford C. R. , Johnson D. W. , Cameron N. R.
Published: July 2014

Thiol–acrylate polyHIPE materials possess residual thiols, which act as convenient groups for chemical modification by thiol–ene “click” chemistry.
Di-magnesium and zinc catalysts for the copolymerization of phthalic anhydride and cyclohexene oxide
Authors: Saini Prabhjot K. , Romain Charles , Zhu Yunqing , Williams Charlotte K.
Published: July 2014

Di-zinc and di-magnesium catalysts for the ring-opening copolymerization of phthalic anhydride and cyclohexene oxide are presented. They are applied in terpolymerizations to prepare block copoly(ester-carbonates).
Construction of reverse vesicles from pseudo-graft poly(glycerol methacrylate)s via cyclodextrin–cholesterol interactions
Authors: Gu Wen-Xing , Yang Ying-Wei , Wen Jijie , Lu Hongguang , Gao Hui
Published: July 2014

Reverse vesicles were constructed from pseudo-graft amphiphilic copolymers by dint of the host–guest inclusion complexation between β-cyclodextrins and cholesterols, and transformed into organogels by adding trace amounts of water.
Synthesis and characterization of conducting polymers containing polypeptide and ferrocene side chains as ethanol biosensors
Authors: Kesik Melis , Akbulut Huseyin , Söylemez Saniye , Cevher Şevki Can , Hızalan Gönül , Arslan Udum Yasemin , Endo Takeshi , Yamada Shuhei , Çırpan Ali , Yağcı Yusuf , Toppare Levent
Published: July 2014

A novel approach for the fabrication of a biosensor from a conducting polymer bearing polypeptide segments and ferrocene moieties is reported.
Fatty acid-based (bis) 6-membered cyclic carbonates as efficient isocyanate free poly(hydroxyurethane) precursors
Authors: Maisonneuve Lise , Wirotius Anne-Laure , Alfos Carine , Grau Etienne , Cramail Henri
Published: July 2014

Highly reactive (bis) 6-membered cyclic carbonates (b6CC) were prepared from fatty acid derivatives. Isocyanate free poly(hydroxyurethane)s were then synthesized and characterized.
Photoluminescence profile mapping of Eu(iii) and Tb(III → IV)-embedded in quantum size SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Choi Young In , Sohn Youngku
Published: July 2014

Eu(iii) and Tb(iv) activators were embedded in quantum size SnO2 nanoparticles by a hydrothermal method and their morphologies, crystal structures and spectroscopic properties were examined by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction crystallography, UV-visible absorption, and 2D/3D-photoluminescence mapping.
Cu@SiO2 nanowires: synthesis, cathodoluminescence and SERS response
Authors: Pang Chunlei , Cui Hao , Wang Chengxin
Published: July 2014

Cu@SiO2 nanowires have been fabricated on a Cu substrate via simple thermal evaporation of SiO within a high-frequency induction furnace.
Bis(1,5-diamino-4-methyl-tetrazolium)hydrazinetetrazolate: synthesis, structure and energetic properties
Authors: Han Zhiyue , Zhao Zhihua , Du Zhiming , He Chunlin , Zhao Linshuang , Cong Xiaomin
Published: July 2014

Bis(1,5-diamino-4-methyl-tetrazolium)hydrazinetetrazolate (BMDATHBT) was synthesized for the first time from 1,5-diamino-4-methyl-tetrazolium sulfate (MDATS) and hydrazino bitetrazole barium (HBTBa·5H2O) as raw materials.
A new oil/water interfacial assembly of sulphonated graphene into ultrathin films
Authors: Jia Baoping , Wang Qiuze , Zhang Wei , Lin Bencai , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Ren Yurong , Chu Fuqiang
Published: July 2014

A new oil/water interfacial assembly has been developed to fabricate graphene films by cooperation of two established interfacial assembling techniques.
Tiling patterns from ABC star molecules: 3-colored foams?
Authors: Kirkensgaard Jacob J. K. , Pedersen Martin C. , Hyde Stephen T.
Published: July 2014

Based on coarse-grained simulations and Surface Evolver calculations we explore if the formation of tiling patterns formed by ABC star molecules can be considered 3-colored foams.
Emerging nanostructured materials for musculoskeletal tissue engineering
Authors: Peng Haisheng , Liu Xunpei , Wang Ran , Jia Feng , Dong Liang , Wang Qun
Published: July 2014

This review summarizes the recent developments in the preparation and applications of nanostructured materials for musculoskeletal tissue engineering.
Amplitude Modulated S-Tones Can Be Superior to Noise for Tinnitus Reduction
Authors: Tyler Richard , Stocking Christina , Secor Carrie , Slattery William H.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

Recent evidence has suggested that amplitude modulated tones might have some advantages over broadband noise.

Method

Fifty-six subjects listened to S-Tones at a carrier frequency matched at the tinnitus pitch (amplitude modulation rate of 40 Hz) and to broadband noise. Subjects rated their tinnitus loudness before, during, and after a 120-s duration masker.

Results

The results suggested that S-Tones were generally more effective at reducing tinnitus loudness than noise. In about one third (21/56) of the subjects, there was no significant effect from any masker. In other subjects, 54.3% (19/35) showed a greater reduction for the S-Tones, 20% (7/35) showed a greater reduction with the noise, and 25.7% (9/35) showed similar performance between the 2 stimuli. The S-Tones showed a statistically significant benefit (
p
< .01) versus noise at reducing the patient's tinnitus perception. Using low-level stimuli that were rated much softer than the subjects' baseline tinnitus, the S-Tones reduced the tinnitus loudness by 1.9 times the amount that noise did (about 28% on average, whereas the noise reduced the tinnitus by about 15%).

Conclusion

S-Tones at the tinnitus pitch-match frequency are more likely to be effective than broadband noise at reducing tinnitus loudness.
AAC Decision-Making and Mobile Technology: Points to Ponder
Authors: Abbott Mary Ann , McBride Debby
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this article is to outline a decision-making process and highlight which portions of the augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation process deserve special attention when deciding which features are required for a communication system in order to provide optimal benefit for the user. The clinician then will be able to use a feature-match approach as part of the decision-making process to determine whether mobile technology or a dedicated device is the best choice for communication. The term mobile technology will be used to describe off-the-shelf, commercially available, tablet-style devices like an iPhone®, iPod Touch®, iPad®, and Android® or Windows® tablet.
Developing an Effective Framework for the Augmentative and Alternative Communication Evaluation Process
Authors: Helling Celeste R. , Minga Jamila
Published: July 2014

A comprehensive augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation is critical to providing a viable means of expressive communication for nonverbal people with complex communication needs. Although a number of diagnostic tools are available to assist AAC practitioners with the assessment process, there is a need to tailor the evaluation process to the specific communication needs of the AAC user. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for developing an effective and clinically driven framework for approaching a user-tailored AAC evaluation process.
Queue oscillation suppression in large‐scale networks by extended network disturbance
Authors: Hsu Ping‐Min , Lin Chun‐Liang
Published: July 2014

It is quite common that the network environment may exhibit time‐varying time delays which is the major source of queue oscillation and may destroy stability for a closed‐loop connection. This study proposes a transmission congestion control strategy in large‐scale wired/wireless network with transmission control protocol under random early detection. The task of time‐delay compensation is accomplished here by introducing a pseudo disturbance, named extended network disturbance (END), which characterises the time‐delay effect on the system behaviour, and extending to END‐based control design. A feedback controller for the purpose is proposed to stabilise the large‐scale system. The developed method has been verified using the network simulator.
Dynamic operating reserve strategies for wind power integration
Authors: De Vos Kristof , Driesen Johan
Published: July 2014

Several research efforts are conducted towards the impact of wind power variability on the operating reserve requirements of power systems. In most systems, reserve capacity is determined by means of a heuristic or statistical analysis of the different drivers for system imbalances. This contribution puts forward a dynamic reserve approach in which the operating reserve capacity is modified on hourly basis, based on expected wind power conditions. This would improve the current methodologies where the capacity is fixed for longer periods, avoiding expensive overestimations. By means of a decentralised approach, the suggested methodology conforms with an unbundled and liberalised market framework. Results show how the average upward and downward capacity reductions are reduced with at least 36% and 16%, compared to the corresponding static reserve strategy. System simulations integrating this dynamic reserve strategy reveal substantial reductions in operational costs. The average cost of withholding reserve capacity is observed to decrease from 4.5, 5.1, 17.1 and 51.2 to 3.1, 4.8, 7.9 and 14.6 €/MWh wind energy injected, respectively, for an installed capacity representing 6, 12, 18 and 24% of the annual electricity demand. In conclusion, the results of this contribution encourage transmission system operators to evolve towards dynamic reserve strategies.
Large amplitude spin torque vortex oscillations at zero external field using a perpendicular spin polarizer
Authors: Dussaux A. , Grimaldi E. , Rache Salles B. , Jenkins A. S. , Khvalkovskiy A. V. , Bortolotti P. , Grollier J. , Kubota H. , Fukushima A. , Yakushiji K. , Yuasa S. , Cros V. , Fert A.
Published: July 2014

We investigate the microwave response of a spin transfer vortex based oscillator in a magnetic tunnel junction with an in-plane reference layer combined with a spin valve with an out-of-plane magnetization spin polarizing layer. The main advantage of this perpendicular spin polarizer is to induce a large spin transfer force even at zero magnetic field, thus leading to a record emitted power (up to 0.6 μW) associated to a very narrow spectral linewidth of a few hundreds of kHz. The characteristics of this hybrid vortex based spin transfer nano-oscillator obtained at zero field and room temperature are of great importance for applications based on rf spintronic devices as integrated and tunable microwave source and/or microwave detector.
The effects of strain relaxation on the dielectric properties of epitaxial ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)TiO3 thin films
Authors: Khan Asif Islam , Yu Pu , Trassin Morgan , Lee Michelle J. , You Long , Salahuddin Sayeef
Published: July 2014

We study the effects of strain relaxation on the dielectric properties of epitaxial 40 nm Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)TiO3 (PZT) films. A significant increase in the defect and dislocation density due to strain relaxation is observed in PZT films with tetragonality c/a < 1.07 grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrates, which results in significant frequency dispersion of the dielectric constant and strong Rayleigh type behavior in those samples. This combined structural-electrical study provides a framework for investigating strain relaxation in thin films and can provide useful insights into the mechanisms of fatigue in ferroelectric materials.
On the natural frequency of tidal current power systems—A discussion of sea testing
Authors: Li Ye , Yi Jin-Hak , Song Huimin , Wang Qi , Yang Zhaoqing , Kelley Neil D. , Lee Kwang-Soo
Published: July 2014

To study the wet natural frequency (in water) and dry natural frequency (in air) of a tidal current turbine, we conducted a two-year measurement campaign by deploying a full-scale prototype of the system. In this article, a theoretical model is developed and validated with the frequency measurements. It reveals the measured wet natural frequency of the system could approach half that of the dry one. The measurements also show that inflow turbulence is very important in the excitation of system resonances that can lead to system failure. We also briefly discuss how the wet frequency varies over a long period.
Orbital-dependent second-order scaled-opposite-spin correlation functionals in the optimized effective potential method
Authors: Grabowski Ireneusz , Fabiano Eduardo , Teale Andrew M. , Śmiga Szymon , Buksztel Adam , Sala Fabio Della
Published: July 2014

The performance of correlated optimized effective potential (OEP) functionals based on the spin-resolved second-order correlation energy is analysed. The relative importance of singly- and doubly- excited contributions as well as the effect of scaling the same- and opposite- spin components is investigated in detail comparing OEP results with Kohn–Sham (KS) quantities determined via an inversion procedure using accurate ab initio electronic densities. Special attention is dedicated in particular to the recently proposed scaled-opposite–spin OEP functional [I. Grabowski, E. Fabiano, and F. Della Sala, Phys. Rev. B 87, 075103 (2013)] which is the most advantageous from a computational point of view. We find that for high accuracy, a careful, system dependent, selection of the scaling coefficient is required. We analyse several size-extensive approaches for this selection. Finally, we find that a composite approach, named OEP2-SOSh, based on a post-SCF rescaling of the correlation energy can yield high accuracy for many properties, being comparable with the most accurate OEP procedures previously reported in the literature but at substantially reduced computational effort.
Modelling of InGaP nanowires morphology and composition on molecular beam epitaxy growth conditions
Authors: Fakhr A. , Haddara Y. M.
Published: July 2014

An analytical kinetic model has been developed within this framework to describe the growth of ternary III-V semiconductor nanowires. The key to apply the model is to divide the ternary system into two separate binary systems and model each binary system separately. The model is used to describe the growth of InGaP nanowires. The growth conditions were varied among several samples, and the model was able to predict the temperature and growth rate behaviors. The model predicts the axial and radial elemental distribution along the nanowires and the dependence of the elemental distribution on the nanowire's diameter size for all growth rates. The model reveals the limitations of In incorporation into the nanowires for high temperatures or low growth rates and the effects of the group-V elements on the In incorporation.
Resonator-bolometer theory, microwave read out, and kinetic inductance bolometers
Authors: Lindeman M. A.
Published: July 2014

Kinetic inductance bolometers and calorimeters, each consisting of a kinetic inductance device suspended on a membrane and embedded in a resonant circuit, are being developed for applications such as planetary science, climate science, and X-ray spectroscopy. Arrays of these resonator-bolometers, each with a unique resonance frequency, are coupled to a single feedline, allowing many bolometers or calorimeters to be multiplexed using microwave read out. We derive coupled linear differential equations describing resonator-bolometers and means for calculating responses to signal and noise sources. By employing the bolometer matrix formalism, the model compactly describes the effects of demodulation, detuning, electrothermal feedback, resonator to feedline coupling, and bolometer sensitivity to changes in temperature and bias current. Based on this theory, estimates for the bolometer response to phonon noise, Johnson noise, and microwave bias quasiparticle generation noise are derived. The model is represented in terms of accessible parameters, most of which are measurable using a network analyzer. It is applicable to other types of devices such as dielectric bolometers or alternating current biased transition edge sensors and is readily extendible to more complex bolometers or to unsuspended kinetic inductance devices.
Optical characterization of a fixed mirror solar concentrator prototype by the ray-tracing procedure
Authors: Pujol-Nadal Ramon , Martínez-Moll Víctor
Published: July 2014

The Fixed Mirror Solar Concentrator (FMSC) is a solar concentrator with static reflector and moving receiver whose design emerged in the seventies as an effort to reduce electricity production costs in solar thermal power plants. Solar concentrators based on this geometry were constructed in the seventies and eighties. A review of these prototypes is presented, highlighting the lack in research probably brought about by halting these projects, and the two main flaws of this research: poor theoretical analysis of the FMSC geometry and the unfortunate choice of the zero-width mirror limit hypothesis. In this paper, another methodology is presented to evaluate the FMSC geometry behavior: the construction of a FMSC prototype using lightweight materials with finite-width mirrors (nine mirrors) and an optical characterization by 3D ray-tracing tools. The results show good concordance between simulated and experimental data, showing that FMSC prototypes can be characterized optically by accurate ray-tracing tools.
Pentacene thin films on ferromagnetic oxide: Growth mechanism and spintronic devices
Authors: Graziosi P. , Riminucci A. , Prezioso M. , Newby C. , Brunel D. , Bergenti I. , Pullini D. , Busquets-Mataix D. , Ghidini M. , Dediu V. A.
Published: July 2014

We investigated the growth mechanism of pentacene thin films on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. A diffusion limited, thermally activated growth was found. Pentacene molecules formed flat islands that were a few microns in size and whose growth during deposition showed a strong anisotropy. We extracted a nucleation energy of 0.65 ± 0.05 eV and a diffusion barrier energy of 0.7 ± 0.2 eV. We also estimated a critical nucleus size of three molecules. We show that vertical pentacene-based spintronic devices with La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and Co electrodes demonstrated magnetoresistive effects up to room temperature. We also propose a route for pentacene-based spintronic devices improvement.
LEDs on HVPE grown GaN substrates: Influence of macroscopic surface features
Authors: Rahman SK. S. , Leute R. A. R. , Wang J. , Meisch T. , Klein M. , Scholz F. , Koyama K. , Ishii M. , Takeda H.
Published: July 2014

We demonstrate the strong influence of GaN substrate surface morphology on optical properties and performance of light emitting devices grown on freestanding GaN. As-grown freestanding HVPE GaN substrates show excellent AFM RMS and XRD FWHM values over the whole area, but distinctive features were observed on the surface, such as macro-pits, hillocks and facets extending over several millimeters. Electroluminescence measurements reveal a strong correlation of the performance and peak emission wavelength of LEDs with each of these observed surface features. This results in multiple peaks and non-uniform optical output power for LEDs on as-grown freestanding GaN substrates. Removal of these surface features by chemical mechanical polishing results in highly uniform peak wavelength and improved output power over the whole wafer area.
High efficiency Lifter based on the Biefeld-Brown effect
Authors: Einat Moshe , Kalderon Roy
Published: July 2014

The Biefeld-Brown is a fascinating effect with which levitation can be reached without moving or rotating elements. Static voltage is applied between asymmetric electrodes and a force towards the small electrode is generated. This effect is studied experimentally in this paper. Using this effect a set of experiments is conducted trying to clarify the relation of the model geometry to the induced force. The results show clear relations of the generated force to the model structure and dimensions. As the asymmetry is stronger, the force is stronger. According to the experimental results, a set of preferred parameters is given to strength the effect. Choosing the geometrical properties properly led to improvement of factor ∼9 in the generated force and efficiency. Nevertheless, some results provides contradictions to earlier models of electrohydrodynamicmic (EHD) describing the effect and reveal unresolved questions regarding this effect.
Measurement of the impedance of aqueous solutions of KCl: An analysis using an extension of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model
Authors: Duarte A. R. , Batalioto F. , Barbero G. , Figueiredo Neto A. M.
Published: July 2014

We investigate the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the electric impedance of a cell with titanium electrodes, filled with aqueous solution of KCl in different concentrations. Our experimental data are interpreted by means of an extension of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model, assuming that the electrodes are not blocking and well described by Ohmic boundary conditions, and that two groups of ions are responsible for the electric conduction. One group is due to the dissociation of KCl in water (majority carriers), the other to the impurities dissolved in water or present in KCl (minority carriers), whose bulk density is very small with respect to first group. The agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions is good, taking into account the small number of free parameters entering in the model. In particular, the diffusion coefficient for the potassium and chloride ions well comparer with those reported in literature. According to our analysis, the role of the carriers related to the impurities present in the solution play a fundamental role in the fit of the experimental data in the low frequency region. The presented model where two groups of ions are present, with the assumption of equal mobilities for positive and negative charges in a group, is motivated by the experimental evidence that in aqueous solution of KCl, K+, and Cl− have approximately the same mobilities. Since the PNP model for an electrolytic solution of the case considered by us predicts an electric response similar to that of an electrolytic solution where the positive and negative ions have different mobility, a comparison with the results reported recently by Macdonald is presented [J. R. Macdonald, Electrochim. Acta, 123, 535 (2014)]. Alternative interpretation of our experimental results related to the assumption of non-blocking electrodes is also discussed.
Ultra-broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber
Authors: Zhu Jianfei , Ma Zhaofeng , Sun Wujiong , Ding Fei , He Qiong , Zhou Lei , Ma Yungui
Published: July 2014

We demonstrated an ultra-broadband, polarization-insensitive, and wide-angle metamaterial absorber for terahertz (THz) frequencies using arrays of truncated pyramid unit structure made of metal-dielectric multilayer composite. In our design, each sub-layer behaving as an effective waveguide is gradually modified in their lateral width to realize a wideband response by effectively stitching together the resonance bands of different waveguide modes. Experimentally, our five layer sample with a total thickness 21 μm is capable of producing a large absorptivity above 80% from 0.7 to 2.3 THz up to the maximum measurement angle 40°. The full absorption width at half maximum of our device is around 127%, greater than those previously reported for THz frequencies. Our absorber design has high practical feasibility and can be easily integrated with the semiconductor technology to make high efficient THz-oriented devices.
Biosynthesis of Flavour-Active Esters via Lipase-Mediated Reactions and Mechanisms
Authors: Sun Jingcan , Lee Liang Wei Wilson , Liu Shao Quan
Published: July 2014

Flavour active esters belong to one group of fine aroma chemicals that impart desirable fruity flavour notes and are widely applied in the flavour and fragrance industry. Due to the increasing consumer concern about health, natural products are attracting more attention than chemically synthesized substances. The biosynthesis of flavour-active esters via lipase-catalyzed reactions is one of the most important biotechnological methods for natural flavour generation. To proceed with the industrial production of esters on a large scale, it is critical to understand the enzyme properties and behaviours under different reaction conditions. In this short review, the lipase-catalyzed reactions in various systems and their mechanisms for synthesis of the esters are summarized and discussed.
Delivering drought tolerance to those who need it: from genetic resource to cultivar
Authors: Trethowan R. M.
Published: July 2014

Drought limits crop yields, and with climate change, the severity of water stress is projected to increase in many production environments. Therefore, it has never been more important to deliver the findings of drought research to farmers. The maintenance in situ, collection and characterisation of key genetic variability for stress tolerance, its introgression into agronomically adapted materials, and the subsequent deployment of improved cultivars is a continuum. This paper focuses on one segment of the pathway—the process from genetic characterisation to cultivar delivery—and possible efficiencies are discussed with emphasis on wheat, one of the world’s most important food crops.
The first efficiency is to limit the initial exploitation of genetic resources to close relatives, as much of this variation remains uncharacterised, rather than attempting gene transfers from unrelated species, which is time-consuming and has a low probability of success. Synthetic wheat, developed by crossing modern tetraploid wheat to Aegilops tauschii, the donor of the D-genome, has provided new genetic diversity for stress tolerance and yield advantages under drought in excess of 30% have been reported. Synthetic wheat can also be made using Triticum dicoccum, often referred to as emmer wheat, thus introducing new variation for all three wheat genomes.
The second efficiency is better coordinated, field-based phenotyping. The Australian Managed Environment Facility and similar national facilities established in India and China provide a basis for accurate field-based phenotyping and the weighting of physiological traits related to water-use efficiency on a national scale. The calculation of a water balance, careful management of site heterogeneity and judicious use of rain shelters maximise trait expression and improve the relevance of results.
The third efficiency is to maximise locally the benefits of global public-good research. The global wheat improvement programs of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) have a mandate to ‘tame’ genetic diversity and distribute these improved materials globally in nurseries targeted to specific environmental conditions such as drought. Nevertheless, the exploitation of these materials is rarely managed well at the national level. The CIMMYT Australia ICARDA Germplasm Evaluation (CAIGE) program is a nationally coordinated germplasm introduction and evaluation program. Key CGIAR nurseries are received and grown by Australian quarantine, increased at one or two locations, tested for disease resistance and subsequently grown nationally in yield trials. The data are stored on the CAIGE website and, along with all supporting data generated by the international centres, are publicly available.
Arhgap36-dependent activation of Gli transcription factors
Authors: Rack Paul G. , Ni Jun , Payumo Alexander Y. , Nguyen Vien , Crapster J. Aaron , Hovestadt Volker , Kool Marcel , Jones David T. W. , Mich John K. , Firestone Ari J. , Pfister Stefan M. , Cho Yoon-Jae , Chen James K.
Published: July 2014

Significance

The Hedgehog (Hh)/Gli signaling pathway is a key regulator of embryonic patterning and tissue homeostasis, and its inappropriate activation can lead to several human cancers, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, and meningioma. To better understand the mechanisms that control Hh pathway state, we have conducted a genome-scale cDNA overexpression screen for signaling proteins that promote Gli-dependent transcription. Our studies reveal Arhgap36 to be a potent Gli activator, yielding the first functional insights, to our knowledge, for this Rho GAP family member. We also find that
ARHGAP36
is overexpressed in a subset of medulloblastomas, suggesting that this Gli-activating protein plays an important role in tumorigenesis.
Recency, consistent learning, and Nash equilibrium
Authors: Fudenberg Drew , Levine David K.
Published: July 2014

We examine the long-term implication of two models of learning with recency bias: recursive weights and limited memory. We show that both models generate similar beliefs and that both have a weighted universal consistency property. Using the limited-memory model we produce learning procedures that both are weighted universally consistent and converge with probability one to strict Nash equilibrium.
prickle
modulates microtubule polarity and axonal transport to ameliorate seizures in flies
Authors: Ehaideb Salleh N. , Iyengar Atulya , Ueda Atsushi , Iacobucci Gary J. , Cranston Cathryn , Bassuk Alexander G. , Gubb David , Axelrod Jeffrey D. , Gunawardena Shermali , Wu Chun-Fang , Manak J. Robert
Published: July 2014

Significance

Mutations in
prickle
genes from flies to humans cause epilepsy, a disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population. Although Prickle has been studied for many years, its molecular function is unknown. We now show that Prickle modulates transport of vesicles in fruit fly neurons. Additionally, we show that
prickle
mutants have electrophysiological defects consistent with epilepsy, and merely altering the balance of Prickle isoforms causes seizures. Finally, we demonstrate that reducing the level of vesicle transport motor proteins can suppress
prickle
-mediated seizures, revealing a previously unidentified pathway in the pathophysiology of epilepsy.