bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Aging Skin and Skin Cancer
Authors: Guida Stefania , Pellacani Giovanni , Ciardo Silvana , Longo Caterina
Published: July 2021

Skin aging is a complex process that causes morphologic variations. Some of these variations havebeen hypothesized to be involved in skin cancer development. This paper reviews current knowledgeof the features of aged skin as seen with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Basic principles ofthe technique are described, and the RCM features of healthy skin and skin cancer are briefly discussed.Moreover, the RCM features at different layers of young and elderly skin are described, as arethe variations that occur with passing years and in relation to sun exposure that contribute to photoagingand the development of skin cancer. RCM enables the noninvasive evaluation, at quasi-histologicresolution, of aging-related skin changes, some of which are shared with skin cancer; this ability helpsavoid skin biopsy. Further research is needed to understand the relation between skin aging and skincancer development.
Integrative description of a new Tunisian tardigrade species, Macrobiotus azzunae sp. nov. (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae, hufelandi group)
Authors: Ben Marnissi Jamila , Cesari Michele , Rebecchi Lorena , Bertolani Roberto
Published: July 2021

In this paper a new tardigrade species, Macrobiotus azzunae sp. nov., from Tunisia, is described. An integrative taxonomic approach was applied by combining morphological, morphometric and molecular data. In particular, light and scanning electron microscopy observations, and four genetic markers, three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI) were used. The analysis showed that M. azzunae sp. nov. belongs to the Macrobiotus hufelandi group and is most similar to Macrobiotus sandrae Bertolani & Rebecchi, 1993. It differs from M. sandrae by a more pronounced constriction of the first macroplacoid (hardly visible in M. sandrae) and for the eggshell shape, with thinner wires of the reticulum and meshes around the processes larger than the inter-process meshes in M. azzunae sp. nov., while all meshes are similar in size in M. sandrae. The species is gonochoristic. With this discovery, there are 33 species of tardigrades identified in Tunisia, all non-marine. This result, compared with nearby Sicily, where more research has been conducted, indicates that there is a considerable potential for identification of new species. Further research will be most informative if multiple habitats are explored and if carried out with an integrated approach as done in this present work.
Conservation Efforts of Asian Wild Water Buffalo
Authors: Kherwar Pramod Kumar , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: July 2021

Asian Wild Water Buffalo with the scientific name Bubalus bubalis arnee is recorded as an imperiled species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN's) Red List of Threatened Species wetland-subordinate. More number Wild Water Buffalo in Nepal are found at the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR), situated on the floodplain of the Koshi River in Province 1. This species is in danger because of a high anthropogenic pressing factor going from natural surroundings weakening to hybridization with homegrown Buffalo. Various preservation and work mediations have been attempted to shield the biodiversity, especially the wild buffalo populace in the KTWR. The people group-based supportable administration approach profiting both protection and work of neighborhood individuals is important to guarantee the drawn-out preservation of the species. But it is not happening, so the Government of Nepal translocated 18 Wild Water Buffaloes to Chitwan National Park, and the environment is not suitable for them. There is the possibility to translocate Wild Water Buffaloes in the Babai flood plain of Bardia National Park for conservation.
Género, formación profesional e inserción laboral
Authors: Moreno Márquez Ana Mª
Published: July 2021

Es preciso actualizar los estudios de formación profesional, mejorar la empleabilidad, dar respuestas a las necesidades del mercado de trabajo, pero, sobre todo, hay que tener en cuenta un aspecto fundamental como es la igualdad de género. De este modo, si realmente se quiere lograr, es prioritario aborda el problema que supone la brecha de género que se produce en el acceso a los estudios de formación profesional. Para ello se analiza de forma detallada la presencia de las mujeres en estos estudios, las razones que determinan la elección de unos u otros estudios, la interdependencia entre los estudios cursados y la inserción laboral, los efectos negativos para la mujer a la hora de acceder al mercado de trabajo, pese a los avances en materia de igualdad de oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres, y, por último, las soluciones adoptadas y las posibles propuestas al respecto.
Migración, género y trabajo sexual: una perspectiva compleja
Authors: García Rosa María
Published: July 2021

El trabajo sexual es una realidad objeto de un importante debate en el contexto de las ideas y la praxis feministas, pero casi siempre es planteado desde enfoques problemáticos, ya sea por reduccionismos de distinta clase, falacias argumentativas o saltos conceptuales. Uno de los objetivos de este texto es identificar algunos de estos problemas. Sin embargo, el objeto clave aquí es el de organizar un boceto que permita ofrecer una mirada complejizadora de un tema no menos sencillo. Así, este estudio breve recopila algunas de las reflexiones fundamentales a la hora de plantear la prostitución dentro del espacio global capitalista y como institución de carácter patriarcal. A través de este tema se conectan los fenómenos de la globalización y del territorio, que muestran una resignificación dialéctica. El artículo también aborda brevemente el caso de la ciudad de Murcia, como ejemplo de análisis aplicado a una política concreta.
TPM PIRAMIDAL MODEL FOR THE DEPLOYMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: CASE IN A MULTINATIONAL AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLIER COMPANY IN BARCELONA
Authors: TORRELL FRANCESCA , CUATRECASAS ARBOS LLUIS , OLIVELLA NADAL JORGE
Published: July 2021

This article presents the design of an innovative model for the visual implementation of the TPM in a multinational company that provides the automotive sector located in Barcelona. It is a structured and standardized pyramid-shaped model that allows the strategic objectives of the company to be aligned with the objectives of the TPM project and is intended to guarantee the sustainability of the TPM and to achieve an impact on the company's results. This visual and pyramidal standard allows an easy and agile review of the TPM deployment, and allows the detection of new gaps that consolidate its sustainability and allow it to meet new challenges.
This innovative model of the TPM, sets a standard on the classic pillars of the TPM, adapted and personalized for this company that positively affects the OEE and the results of the company. It is based on the same principle as the standardized model of the House of Toyota for the deployment and sustainability of Lean Management, but this model is for the deployment and sustainability of the TPM in this company.
This model can be adapted and serve as benchmarking for companies of different sectors and sizes for the implementation and sustainability of the TPM, allowing it to improve its positioning with respect to its competitors.
La máquina iconoclasta en la era digital
Authors: De Luelmo Jareño José
Published: July 2021

Ciertos episodios acaecidos a mediados de 2020 evidenciaron el arraigo de la violencia simbólica de carácter popular. Aunque la afinidad de estas acciones con otros episodios históricos muestra un patrón recurrente, casi de manual, lo cierto es que coinciden en el tiempo con la dinámica de las imágenes característica de la era digital, tácitamente iconoclasta, y con prácticas actuales que también lo son de forma destacada. Adoptando un enfoque metaforológico, el artículo se sirve del concepto operativo de máquina iconoclasta para reunir ejemplos de ese fenómeno global y descubrir en ellos un sustrato común –sujeto a cambios de tono, formato y polaridad– que permite dotarlos de consistencia y establecer concomitancias dentro de la compleja iconosfera actual. De especial importancia en el desarrollo de la investigación son aquellos modos artísticos que renuevan el espíritu de la praxis vanguardista y se sirven de las variables fundamentales de la mecánica iconoclasta para sondear críticamente los atributos y los usos de la imagen en la contemporaneidad.
Metaphysics of The Machines: From Human-Robot-Robot Interaction to AI Philoso-phers Abstraction
Authors: Nikolić Predrag , Liu Ruiyang
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we introduce the artwork «Syntropic Counterpoints: Metaphysics of The Machines» which is part of the ongoing art-based research project «Syntropic Counterpoints». We aim to investigate the potentials of using artificial intelligence as an interdisciplinary creative medium. Moreover, to raise fundamental questions related to the artificial agents' role in raising human-AI society throughout the continuous period of reaching its emancipation. We are proposing the conceptual approach and methods in creating the audio-visual AI automated content through philosophical discussions between the four AI philosopher clones of Aristotle, Nietzsche, Machiavelli, and Sun Tzu. Special attention is given to the hybrid usage of technologies that led us toward transforming artificial intelligence into a co-existing artistic entity and novel creative framework for art and design practitioners. Therefore, we discuss some of the crucial questions related to our research and further directions in exploring AI abstraction in the context of robot creativity and its potential future forms. Our approach toward the liberation of machine creativity is through the use of words and grammar as a creative tool humans developed to express worlds «beyond» the world. The interaction between the audience and the installation is antagonistic as the process of further AI emancipation seems inevitable.
Пол Тилих и пастирско богословље
Authors: Голијанин Ведран
Published: July 2021

У раду је изнесен преглед пасторалне теорије немачког и америчког теолога Пола Тилиха. С обзиром на његово уважавање савремене медицине и психологије, као и дубо- ко разумевање културе и симболичких облика, Тилих је формулисао занимљиве смернице за развој пастирског богословља у савременом добу. Иако је био протестантски теолог, његова мисао је неизбежна и изузетно вредна у свакој расправи о односу хришћанства и културе, што свакако спада и у интересовање православног пастирског богословља. Због тога ће у раду, упоредо са прегледом Тилихове пасторалне теорије, бити изнете и оцене њене валидности из православне перспективе.
Литургијска мистагогија оца Александра Шмемана
Authors: Стојшин Драган
Published: July 2021

Мистагогија Александра Шмемана протеже се на разне елементе литургијског богословља, од Евхаристије као језгра до антропологије. За Шемана је на првом месту било битно да се Литургија и све оно што из ње извире не схвати на мистериозан начин, већ као живот који једини прави смисао задобија управо у њој. У раду је акценат стављен на Литургију као сусрет Бога и човека и на чињеницу да се Црква остварује кроз своје богослужење. Такође, у раду је наглашен и педагошки карактер богослужења. Шмеман је у свом литургијском раду показао велику ширину, обухвативши и мистериологију и хеортологију, али кроз призму Литургије као богослужења које свему даје смисао. Оно о чему посебно говори Шмеман јесте разоткривање првобитног и органског јединства између Литургије и светих тајни. Литургијска природа свете тајне, као и светотајинска природа Литургије, а преко ње и саме Цркве, извори су динамичне синтезе о којој Оци вечно сведоче.
How subtle changes in 3D structure can create large changes in transcription
Authors: Xiao Jordan Yupeng , Hafner Antonina , Boettiger Alistair N
Published: July 2021

Animal genomes are organized into topologically associated domains (TADs). TADs are thought to contribute to gene regulation by facilitating enhancer-promoter (E-P) contacts within a TAD and preventing these contacts across TAD borders. However, the absolute difference in contact frequency across TAD boundaries is usually less than 2-fold, even though disruptions of TAD borders can change gene expression by 10-fold. Existing models fail to explain this hypersensitive response. Here, we propose a futile cycle model of enhancer-mediated regulation that can exhibit hypersensitivity through bistability and hysteresis. Consistent with recent experiments, this regulation does not exhibit strong correlation between E-P contact and promoter activity, even though regulation occurs through contact. Through mathematical analysis and stochastic simulation, we show that this system can create an illusion of E-P biochemical specificity and explain the importance of weak TAD boundaries. It also offers a mechanism to reconcile apparently contradictory results from recent global TAD disruption with local TAD boundary deletion experiments. Together, these analyses advance our understanding of cis-regulatory contacts in controlling gene expression and suggest new experimental directions.
Dynamic early clusters of nodal proteins contribute to node of Ranvier assembly during myelination of peripheral neurons
Authors: Malavasi Elise LV , Ghosh Aniket , Booth Daniel G , Zagnoni Michele , Sherman Diane L , Brophy Peter J
Published: July 2021

Voltage-gated sodium channels cluster in macromolecular complexes at nodes of Ranvier to promote rapid nerve impulse conduction in vertebrate nerves. Node assembly in peripheral nerves is thought to be initiated at heminodes at the extremities of myelinating Schwann cells, and fusion of heminodes results in the establishment of nodes. Here we show that assembly of ‘early clusters’ of nodal proteins in the murine axonal membrane precedes heminode formation. The neurofascin (Nfasc) proteins are essential for node assembly, and the formation of early clusters also requires neuronal Nfasc. Early clusters are mobile and their proteins are dynamically recruited by lateral diffusion. They can undergo fusion not only with each other but also with heminodes, thus contributing to the development of nodes in peripheral axons. The formation of early clusters constitutes the earliest stage in peripheral node assembly and expands the repertoire of strategies that have evolved to establish these essential structures.
Notch-induced endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation governs mouse thymocyte β−selection
Authors: Liu Xia , Yu Jingjing , Xu Longyong , Umphred-Wilson Katharine , Peng Fanglue , Ding Yao , Barton Brendan M , Lv Xiangdong , Zhao Michael Y , Sun Shengyi , Hong Yuning , Qi Ling , Adoro Stanley , Chen Xi
Published: July 2021

Signals from the pre-T cell receptor and Notch coordinately instruct β-selection of CD4–CD8–double negative (DN) thymocytes to generate αβ T cells in the thymus. However, how these signals ensure a high-fidelity proteome and safeguard the clonal diversification of the pre-selection TCR repertoire given the considerable translational activity imposed by β-selection is largely unknown. Here, we identify the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery as a critical proteostasis checkpoint during β-selection. Expression of the SEL1L-HRD1 complex, the most conserved branch of ERAD, is directly regulated by the transcriptional activity of the Notch intracellular domain. Deletion of Sel1l impaired DN3 to DN4 thymocyte transition and severely impaired mouse αβ T cell development. Mechanistically, Sel1l deficiency induced unresolved ER stress that triggered thymocyte apoptosis through the PERK pathway. Accordingly, genetically inactivating PERK rescued T cell development from Sel1l-deficient thymocytes. In contrast, IRE1α/XBP1 pathway was induced as a compensatory adaptation to alleviate Sel1l-deficiency-induced ER stress. Dual loss of Sel1l and Xbp1 markedly exacerbated the thymic defect. Our study reveals a critical developmental signal controlled proteostasis mechanism that enforces T cell development to ensure a healthy adaptive immunity.
Where three snail species attach while emersed in relation to heterogenous substrate temperatures underneath intertidal boulders
Authors: Janetzki Nathan , Benkendorff Kirsten , Fairweather Peter G.
Published: July 2021

Mobile intertidal gastropods can employ behavioural thermoregulation to mitigate thermal stress, which may include retreating under boulders when emersed. However, little is known about how gastropod occupancy of under-boulder habitats is associated with any variations in substrate temperature that exist under boulders. Thermal imagery was used to measure the temperature of boulder lower surfaces and investigate how three snail species were associated at low tide with the maximum and average temperatures underneath grey siltstone and quartzite. Lower boulder surfaces had heterogeneous temperatures, with grey siltstone having temperature gradients and quartzite temperature showing mosaics. Temperature differences between the hottest and coolest gradient or mosaic locations were >5 °C; thus there was a range of temperatures that snails could interact with. All three snail species occupied cooler parts of temperature mosaics or gradients, avoiding the hottest areas. Stronger associations were detected on the hotter grey siltstone and for the more-thermally sensitiveNerita atramentosaandDiloma concameratum. Even though snails were associated with cooler areas, some individuals were still exposed to extreme substratum heat (>50 °C). These results suggest that gastropod thermoregulatory behaviour is far more complex than simply retreating underneath boulders at low tide, as there is also a range of under-boulder temperatures that they interact with. Untangling interactions between intertidal gastropods and heterogenous substrate temperatures is important given rocky seashores already represent a thermally-variable and potentially-stressful habitat, which may be exacerbated further given predictions of warming temperatures associated with climate change.
Secure Data Transfer over Internet Using Image Steganography: Review
Authors: Abdullah Dakhaz Mustafa , Ameen Siddeeq Y. , Omar Naaman , Salih Azar Abid , Ahmed Dindar Mikaeel , Kak Shakir Fattah , Yasin Hajar Maseeh , Ibrahim Ibrahim Mahmood , Ahmed Awder Mohammed , Rashid Zryan Najat
Published: July 2021

Whether it's for work or personal well-being, keeping secrets or private information has become part of our everyday existence. Therefore, several researchers acquire an entire focus on secure transmitting secret information. Confidential information is collectively referred to as Steganography for inconspicuous digital media such as video, audio, and images. In disguising information, Steganography plays a significant role. Traditional Steganography faces a further concern of discovery as steganalysis develops. The safety of present steganographic technologies thus has to be improved. In this research, some of the techniques that have been used to hide information inside images have been reviewed. According to the hiding domain, these techniques can be divided into two main parts: The spatial Domain and Transform Domain. In this paper, three methods for each Domain have been chosen to be studied and evaluated. These are; Least Significant Bit (LSB), Pixel Value Difference (PVD), Exploiting Modification Direction (EMD), contourlet transform, Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT), and, Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT). Finally, the best results that have been obtained in terms of higher PSNR, Capacity, and more robustness and security are discussed.
Effect of Delayed Time of Planting on Grain Yield and Agro-morphological Traits of Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties
Authors: Satapathy Santrupta Manmath , Srivastava V. K. , Majhi Prasanta Kumar , Gond Suraj
Published: July 2021

Aims: The present investigation entitled “Effect of delayed time of planting on Yield and Agro-morphological traits of different Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties” was conducted to estimate the grain yield performance of different rice varieties under delayed planting conditions in Varanasi region of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Study Design: The experiment was laid in a Split plot design with three replications, consists of four elite rice varieties (HUR-3022, DRR-44, HUR-4-3, and HUR-105) as sub plot factor and three dates of planting (05/09/2018, 13/08/2018 and 20/08/2018) as main plot factor. Hence a total number of 12 treatments were allotted in the whole design.

Place and Duration of Study: The field trial was conducted during Kharif-2018 at Agricultural research farm under Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.

Methodology: Materials for the studies consist of four elite rice varieties (V1- HUR-3022, V2- DRR-44, V3- HUR-4-3, and V4- HUR-105) as sub plot factor and three dates of planting (D1- 05/09/2018, D2- 13/08/2018 and D3- 20/08/2018) as main plot factor. The biometric observations were taken from the field at a regular interval of 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) and during crop harvest. The yield attributes were recorded before, during and after harvest of the crop as per the need.

Results: The variety DRR-44 was found to be a best performer on planting date 06.08.2018 and recorded significantly higher yield of 3.8 t/ha followed by HUR-3022 (2.4 t/ha) and HUR-105 (1.64 t/ha).

Conclusion: Rice varieties sown in the field showed highest grain yield when sown on 6th August as compared to 13th and 20th August. As the dates of planting delayed crop yield subsequently decreased. Higher yield level in rice can be confirmed by adjusting the planting dates with the proper climatic conditions. So that the crop phenology can coincide with the suitable weather condition to boost the photosynthetic efficiency and ultimately increase the grain yield.
Importance of Some Transition Metals and their Biological Role: A Review
Authors: Khan Mohd. Washid , Mishra R. P. , Patel Bhavesh , Mishra Pankjesh , Vishwakarma Deepanshu
Published: July 2021

Transition Metal Chemistry is an international journal which deals with all aspects of the preparation of transition metal-based molecular compounds as well as including their physical, structural, kinetic, catalytic and biological properties, and their use in chemical synthesis as well as their application in the widest context, their role in naturally occurring systems and more.
Impact of Cluster Frontline Demonstrations (CFLD) on Oilseeds Productivity and Profitability
Authors: Phukon Rinku Moni , Helim Rizwanul , Das Bipul Kr. , Chauhan Manoj Kr. , Bordoloi Pabitra Kumar
Published: July 2021

The Cluster Front Line Demonstration (CFLD) programmes on oilseeds were carried out with respect to yield, extension gap, technological gap and economic returns in oilseed crops in Darrang district of Assam, India during 2016-17 and 2017-18 under NMOOP, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare, GoI. The fields were selected from different villages/clusters of the district. The observations on selected parameters of demonstration plots as well as control plots were recorded through experimental designs (‘Control-Treatment’) of social research. The results reflected that the average grain yield in demonstration plots of the selected oilseed crops namely; Rapeseed & Mustard, Sesamum and Groundnut was more compared to farmers practice. The crop sesamum recorded with the lowest extension gap (1.9q/ha), technology gap (0.90 q/ha) and technology index (11.25%) followed by rapeseed & mustard with 2.95q/ha, 0.31 q/ha and 3.42% and groundnut with 5.7q/ha, 15.6q/ha and 42.3% respectively. The highest additional income (Rs. 31307/ha) in demonstration plot over control was recorded in cultivation of groundnut followed by sesamum (Rs. 13134/ha) and rapeseed  & mustard (Rs. 11019/ha). The results revealed that the use of improved varieties, scientific cultivation practices in cluster mode facilitates to boost the productivity and profitability scenario of  oilseed crops in the district by minimizing the yield and technology gaps.
Desordem informacional e pânico: a nova guerra dos mundos via grupos de Whatsapp // Informational disorder and panic: the new war of the worlds via Whatsapp groups
Authors: Cunha Mágda Rodrigues da , Pellanda Eduardo Campos , Muzell Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

O compartilhamento de informações por intermédio de grupos de Whatsapp define um novo formato de distribuição, resultando em diálogo diferente do público com a comunicação, no qual desaparecem os ciclos temporais, numa perspectiva intensa e caótica. Esta mudança no ecossistema da mídia tem proporcionado situações de pânico, em certos momentos. As pessoas acreditam na informação, independente da veracidade e mesmo quando têm a comprovação contrária, seguem acreditando. Este texto é resultado de investigação explicativa, bibliográfica e documental. O objetivo é fazer uma aproximação entre o episódio de A guerra dos mundos – encenação de invasão marciana, transmitida pelo rádio, em 1938, nos Estados Unidos, e que levou a população americana ao pânico – e episódios recentes relacionados à troca de mensagens por grupos no aplicativo Whatsapp. A problematização aqui passa pela observação de dois cenários distintos, com um intervalo significativo de tempo, mas com reações semelhantes de parte do público. O que determina reações semelhantes, em contextos teoricamente distintos? Sugestibilidade, ausência de referências mentais estáveis e influência da comunidade são aspectos comuns e que se mantém ao longo da história? A transformação da tecnologia, do rádio em 1938, aos aplicativos via smartphones, amplifica estes comportamentos, com características muito próximas? Estas são algumas questões sobre as quais este texto pretende investigar e refletir.
The sharing of information through Whatsapp groups defines a new distribution format, resulting in a different dialogue between the public and the communication, in which time cycles disappear, in an intense and chaotic perspective. This change in the media ecosystem has given rise to panic situations at certain times. People believe in information, regardless of its veracity and even when they have the opposite proof, they still believe. This text is the result of explanatory, bibliographic and documentary research. The goal is to bring together the episode of The War of the Worlds - a staging of Martian invasion, broadcast on the radio in 1938 in the United States, which caused the American population to panic - and recent episodes related to the exchange of messages by groups on the Whatsapp app. The problematization here involves observing two different scenarios, with a significant interval of time, but with similar reactions on the part of the public. What determines similar reactions, in theoretically different contexts? Suggestibility, absence of stable mental references and influence of the community are common aspects that have been maintained throughout history? Does the transformation of technology, from radio in 1938, to applications via smartphones, amplify these behaviors, with very similar characteristics? These are some questions that this text intends to investigate and reflect on.
Produção Científica Versus Produção Tecnológica: a trajetória do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia (IFBA)
Authors: Souza Jaqueline , Souza André Luis Rocha , Nano Rita Maria Weste , Silva Marcelo Santana , Araújo Marcio Luis Valença , Miranda Morjane Armstrong Santos de
Published: July 2021

A criação dos Institutos Federais (IFs) em 2008 foi um marco no campo da política pública de educação profissional em todos os níveis e modalidades, com reflexos, também, no desenvolvimento local e regional. Entre os objetivos dos IFs, está o de realizar pesquisas aplicadas, estimulando o desenvolvimento de soluções técnicas e tecnológica para atender às demandas sociais. Esta pesquisa exploratória, de natureza bibliográfica e documental, buscou analisar a trajetória da produção científica e tecnológica no âmbito do IFBA. Os dados foram extraídos: da Web of Science, Plataforma Stela Experta e do DINOV/IFBA. Os resultados demonstram que a produção científica ainda é muito superior à tecnológica e que, mesmo havendo um aumento desses indicadores ao longo do tempo, a quantidade de transferência de tecnologia ainda é bastante incipiente ou ausente.
Savanna woody plants responses to mammalian herbivory and implications for management of livestock–wildlife landscape
Authors: Kibet Staline , Nyangito Moses , MacOpiyo Laban , Kenfack David
Published: July 2021

The need to address wildlife conservation outside of protected areas has become more urgent than ever before to meet environmental and socio‐economic goals. However, there is limited knowledge about how woody plants respond to herbivory within landscapes shared by wildlife and domestic herbivores in African savanna, thus management decisions might be based on inaccurate information and ultimately be ineffective.

We compared woody vegetation dynamics between two adjacent ranches with different management objectives and subjected to varying levels of herbivory by both wildlife and domesticated mammals using 421 square plots of 400 m2 nested on three transects, each 3 km long and purposively selected to minimize bio‐physical differences.

Both species and structural diversity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the site with lower levels of herbivory. Conversely, the site with higher levels of herbivory recorded enhanced biomass production for a selection of palatable forage species, perhaps due to compensatory re‐growth. This enhanced biomass however dampens as trees grow taller than the browsing zone.

A higher intensity of herbivory seems to promote increases in browsing‐tolerant Acacia mellifera as well as homogenization of the vegetation architecture and lower structural diversity. Conversely, low intensity of browsing modified by environmental factors seems to promote proliferation of encroaching unpalatable species which are increasingly becoming a major rangeland management challenge in the study region.

Managing landscapes for the co‐existence of both wildlife and livestock demands critical analysis of how vegetation responses to herbivory to ensure suitable ecological niches are maintained. To increase browse biomass for livestock within the landscape would demand that dominant palatable browse‐tolerant species are suppressed within the browsing zone of majority of browsing livestock kept by promoting appropriate browsing intensity. On the other hand, if the management objective is to promote co‐existence of both wildlife and livestock, then the strategy would be to promote structural diversity by varying livestock stocking rate. Given the movement of wildlife between properties, livestock stocking rates should be considered within a wider landscape than just individual private lands.
Patients' Perspectives on Shared Decision‐Making About Medications in Psoriatic Arthritis: An Interview Study
Authors: Sumpton Daniel , Oliffe Michael , Kane Barry , Hassett Geraldine , Craig Jonathan C. , Kelly Ayano , Tong Allison
Published: July 2021

Objective

Decision‐making regarding medications to manage psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is complex because of multiple disease manifestations and comorbidities. Fear of side effects from systemic medications and misalignment in priorities between patients with PsA and rheumatologists makes shared decision‐making challenging. We aimed to describe the perspectives of patients with PsA on shared decision‐making regarding medication taking.

Methods

Face‐to‐face semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 adult patients with PsA in Australia. Transcripts were thematically analyzed.

Results

Five themes were identified: lacking agency in decision‐making (denied choice, knowledge asymmetry, desperation and necessity, restricted by unfair eligibility criteria, automated approach); overwhelmed by potential harms (daunted by aggressive therapy, anticipating lifestyle disruption from side effects, jeopardizing fertility and pregnancy, avoiding relapse); gaining confidence (discernible benefit in function and mental health, sharpening knowledge over time, expertise of family and peers, empowered by information); opting for alternatives (pursuing normality, suspicion of over‐medicalization, seeking comprehensive solutions); and developing trust and fortifying collaboration (assurance through a personable approach, seeking consistency, supported in decisional power, resolution through respectful negotiation).

Conclusion

Patients with PsA lack agency in making treatment decisions and are overwhelmed by the potential harms of systemic medication. Improving knowledge and trust with medical teams in a supportive and collaborative environment, and strategies for managing risks and side effects may improve decision‐making about pharmacologic management of PsA.
SiOC(N) Cellular Structures with Dense Struts by Integrating Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing with Polymer‐Derived Ceramics
Authors: Kulkarni Apoorv , Pearce Joshua , Yang Yuejiao , Motta Antonella , Sorarù Gian Domenico
Published: July 2021

Great advances have been made in various 3D printing methods for ceramics. Fabrication of Si‐based ceramics using polymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs) is gaining popularity. Using this route, preceramic polymers can be shaped in the polymer state and then pyrolyzed to produce different types of ceramics. Cellular ceramics can be manufactured using this technique. Herein, the novel fabrication of cellular ceramics with a two‐step process using PDCs is reported. First cellular structures are 3D printed with fused filament fabrication (FFF) using thermoplastic polyurethane and impregnated with preceramic polymer polysilazane. Second, pyrolysis of the impregnated structure produces a self‐similar ceramic cellular structure. The impact of 1) catalysts, 2) curing environment, and 3) pyrolysis sequence optimization to form cellular ceramics with fully dense SiOC(N) struts are systemically evaluated. The resultant custom ceramic components can tolerate operating temperatures of 1500 °C and can be manufactured for less than 5% of the cost of competing methods. The ceramic material is shown to be biocompatible and promotes fast cell adhesion. Finally, early‐stage cell activation on the SiOC(N) structure is shown to be tunable by adjusting the porosity with this 3D printing to mimic the bone tissue geometry for bone regeneration.
Investigation on Process Stability and Part Positioning Influence on the Relative Density of Designed Materials via Laser‐Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals on a Multi‐Laser Machine
Authors: Albert Johannes , Hermann Oliver , Purschke Simon , Rule David , Fleck Claudia
Published: July 2021

Component production via laser‐based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF‐LB/M) is becoming reality for multiple applications. Especially for sophisticated parts, as in case of gas turbines, assurance of repeatable properties involves control of process and machine parameters. PBF‐LB/M is used to build configurable open‐porous structures—designed materials (DMs)—out of the high temperature superalloy Haynes 282 with relative densities from to . The objective is investigating positioning influence and process stability based on their relative densities in discrete scan fields and build jobs. As DMs made from Haynes 282 are not yet scientifically investigated, first the process boundaries are identified. The used PBF‐LB/M machine—EOS M 400‐4—works with four lasers in four quadrants—a quadrant benchmarking is carried out. The experiment is repeated in a second build job. Scatter is identified in quadrant and build job benchmarking. A further aspect under investigation is positioning within laser quadrants. However, keeping laser and parameter combinations constant, sample locations are assessed. A relative density dependency on the laser deflection angle—as a positional measure—is observed. The results of positioning influence and scatter are used to formulate a tolerance equation for relative densities of DMs.
Conjugate Electrospun 3D Gelatin Nanofiber Sponge for Rapid Hemostasis
Authors: Xie Xianrui , Li Dan , Chen Yujie , Shen Yihong , Yu Fan , Wang Wei , Yuan Zhengchao , Morsi Yosry , Wu Jinglei , Mo Xiumei
Published: July 2021

Developing an excellent hemostatic material with good biocompatibility and high blood absorption capacity for rapid hemostasis of deep non‐compressible hemorrhage remains a significant challenge. Herein, a novel conjugate electrospinning strategy to prepare an ultralight 3D gelatin sponge consisting of continuous interconnected nanofibers. This unique fluffy nanofiber structure endows the sponge with low density, high surface area, compressibility, and ultrastrong liquid absorption capacity. In vitro assessments show the gelatin nanofiber sponge has good cytocompatibility, high cell permeability, and low hemolysis ratio. The rat subcutaneous implantation studies demonstrate good biocompatibility and biodegradability of gelatin nanofiber sponge. Gelatin nanofiber sponge aggregates and activates platelets in large quantities to accelerate the formation of platelet embolism, and simultaneously escalates other extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways, which collectively contribute to its superior hemostatic capacity. In vivo studies on an ear artery injury model and a liver trauma model of rabbits demonstrate that the gelatin nanofiber sponge rapidly induce stable blood clots with least blood loss compared to gelatin nanofiber membrane, medical gauze, and commercial gelatin hemostatic sponge. Hence, the gelatin nanofiber sponge holds great potential as an absorbable hemostatic agent for rapid hemostasis.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C8‐Oxygenation of Naphthalene Derivatives: Direct Access to Naphtholactone Skeleton
Authors: Berrou Caroline , Prévost Sébastien
Published: July 2021

Herein, a direct C8‐oxygenation of naphthalene derivatives is described. Different carbonyl groups were used as directing group to deliver corresponding naphthols via a palladium‐catalyzed oxidation reaction using PhI(OAc)2 in a TFA/TFAA mixture. Interestingly, when Weinreb amide was employed as the directing group, the naphtholactone skeleton was directly obtained. This methodology was applied to the synthesis of variously substituted naphtholactones.

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Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of Bicyclic Resorcinols via an Intramolecular Friedel−Crafts‐Type 1,4‐Addition: Access to Cannabidiol Analogues
Authors: Bryant Laura A. , Shankland Kenneth , Straker Hannah E. , Johnston Callum D. , Lees Nicholas R. , Cobb Alexander J. A.
Published: July 2021

The organocatalytic transformation of resorcinols is extremely rare. In this article, we report a highly enantioselective, organocatalytic intramolecular cyclization of these systems by a Friedel–Crafts‐type 1,4‐addition using a Jørgensen‐Hayashi‐like organocatalyst with a large silyl protecting group, and show that heat improves reaction yield with virtually no detriment to enantioselectivity. A variety of bicyclic resorcinols were obtained with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 94%). To show the utility of these constructs, and as part of a wider project involving the synthesis of cannabinoid‐like compounds, the resorcinol formed was used to generate both ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ cannabidiol (CBD) derivatives which were shown to have anticonvulsant activity.

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Pulmonary Aerosol Delivery of Let‐7b microRNA Confers a Striking Inhibitory Effect on Lung Carcinogenesis through Targeting the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Qi , Pan Jing , Xiong Donghai , Wang Yian , Miller Mark Steven , Sei Shizuko , Shoemaker Robert H. , Izzotti Alberto , You Ming
Published: July 2021

MicroRNAs are potential candidates for lung cancer prevention and therapy. A major limitation is the lack of an efficient delivery system to directly deliver miRNA to cancer cells while limiting systemic exposure. The delivery of miRNA via inhalation is a potential strategy for lung cancer prevention in high‐risk individuals. In this study, the authors investigate the efficacy of aerosolized let‐7b miRNA treatment in lung cancer prevention. Let‐7b shows significant inhibition of B[a]P‐induced lung adenoma with no detectable side effects. Single‐cell RNA sequencing of tumor‐infiltrating T cells from primary tumors reveals that Let‐7b post‐transcriptionally suppresses PD‐L1 and PD‐1 expression in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that let‐7b miRNAs may promote antitumor immunity in vivo. Let‐7b treatment decreases the expression of PD‐1 in CD8+ T cells and reduces PD‐L1 expression in lung tumor cells. The results suggest that this
aerosolized let‐7b mimic is a promising approach for lung cancer prevention, and that the in vivo tumor inhibitory effects of let‐7b are mediated, at least in part, by immune‐promoting effects via downregulating PD‐L1 in tumors and/or PD‐1 on CD8+ T cells. These changes potentiate antitumor CD8+ T cell immune responses, and ultimately lead to tumor inhibition.
Market impacts of Farm to Fork: Reducing agricultural input usage
Authors: Beckman Jayson , Ivanic Maros , Jelliffe Jeremy
Published: July 2021

Legislation has been proposed that would change the European Union (EU) agricultural supply chain, including targeted reductions in the use of agricultural inputs. Our results indicate that reducing those inputs (fertilizer, pesticides, land, and antimicrobials) could lead to a reduction in the EU agricultural production by 12%, less competitiveness in export markets, and negative impacts to consumer budgets and societal welfare. If the EU were to implement technological improvements, the impacts would be lessened; however, the necessary improvement in technology will require additional investment in research and development. Based on historical trends, these improvements are projected to take up to 27 years.
Dynamic Catalytic Highly Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Yildirim Okan , Grigalunas Michael , Brieger Lukas , Strohmann Carsten , Antonchick Andrey P. , Waldmann Herbert
Published: July 2021

In dynamic covalent chemistry, reactions follow a thermodynamically controlled pathway through equilibria. Reversible covalent‐bond formation and breaking in a dynamic process enables the interconversion of products formed under kinetic control to thermodynamically more stable isomers. Notably, enantioselective catalysis of dynamic transformations has not been reported and applied in complex molecule synthesis. We describe the discovery of dynamic covalent enantioselective metal‐complex‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions. We have developed a stereodivergent tandem synthesis of structurally and stereochemically complex molecules that generates eight stereocenters with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity through asymmetric reversible bond formation in a dynamic process in two consecutive Ag‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylides with electron‐poor olefins. Time‐dependent reversible dynamic covalent‐bond formation gives enantiodivergent and diastereodivergent access to structurally complex double cycloadducts with high selectivity from a common set of reagents.
Activation of Aryl Carboxylic Acids by Diboron Reagents towards Nickel‐Catalyzed Direct Decarbonylative Borylation
Authors: Deng Xi , Guo Jiandong , Zhang Xiaofeng , Wang Xiaotai , Su Weiping
Published: July 2021

The Ni‐catalyzed decarbonylative borylation of (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids with B2cat2 has been achieved without recourse to any additives. This Ni‐catalyzed method exhibits a broad substrate scope covering poorly reactive non‐ortho‐substituted (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids, and tolerates diverse functional groups including some of the groups active to Ni0 catalysts. The key to achieve this decarbonylative borylation reaction is the choice of B2cat2 as a coupling partner that not only acts as a borylating reagent, but also chemoselectively activates aryl carboxylic acids towards oxidative addition of their C(acyl)−O bond to Ni0 catalyst via the formation of acyloxyboron compounds. A combination of experimental and computational studies reveals a detailed plausible mechanism for this reaction system, which involves a hitherto unknown concerted decarbonylation and reductive elimination step that generates the aryl boronic ester product. This mode of boron‐promoted carboxylic acid activation is also applicable to other types of reactions.
Tandem Catalytic Indolization/Enantioconvergent Substitution of Alcohols by Borrowing Hydrogen to Access Tricyclic Indoles
Authors: Yang Guoqiang , Pan Jiaoting , Ke Ya‐Ming , Liu Yongbing , Zhao Yu
Published: July 2021

An efficient tandem catalysis method is achieved for the direct conversion of alcohol‐containing alkynyl anilines to valuable chiral 2,3‐fused tricyclic indoles. This method relies on a tandem indolization followed by enantioconvergent substitution of alcohols via borrowing hydrogen to construct two rings in one step, enabled by relay and cooperative catalysis of a chiral iridium complex with a chiral phosphoric acid. Highly diastereoselective transformations of the tricyclic indole products also provide efficient access to a diverse array of complex polycyclic indoline compounds.
Correlating Charge Transport Properties of Conjugated Polymers in Solution Aggregates and Thin‐Film Aggregates
Authors: Wang Zi‐Yuan , Di Virgilio Lucia , Yao Ze‐Fan , Yu Zi‐Di , Wang Xin‐Yi , Zhou Yang‐Yang , Li Qi‐Yi , Lu Yang , Zou Lin , Wang Hai I. , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian
Published: July 2021

The role of solution aggregates on the charge transport process of conjugated polymers in electronic devices has gained increasing attention; however, the correlation of the charge carrier mobilities between the solution aggregates and the solid‐state films remains elusive. Herein, three polymers, FBDOPV‐2T, FBDOPV‐2F2T, and FBDOPV‐4F2T, are designed and synthesized with distinct aggregation behavior in solution. By combining contact‐free ultrafast terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and field‐effect transistor measurements, we track the charge carrier mobility of the aggregates of these polymers from the solution to the thin‐film state. Remarkably, the mobility of these three polymers is found to follow nearly the same trend (FBDOPV‐2T>FBDOPV‐2F2T≫FBDOPV‐4F2T) in both solutions and thin‐film states. The quantitative mobility correlation indicates that the charge transport properties of solution aggregates play a critical role in determining the thin‐film charge transport properties and final device performance. Our results highlight the importance of investigating and controlling solution aggregation structures towards efficient organic electronic devices.