bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erwartungsfokussierte psychotherapeutische Interventionen bei Personen mit depressiver Symptomatik
Authors: Kube Tobias , Glombiewski Julia Anna , Rief Winfried
Published: March 2019

Aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten legen nahe, dass dysfunktionale Erwartungen die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Störung stärker als andere Kognitionen aus dem traditionellen kognitiven Modell beeinflussen. Dabei sind sowohl störungsimmanente Erwartungen (z.B. Erwartungen bzgl. sozialer Zurückweisung) als auch Erwartungen an eine psychotherapeutische Behandlung von Bedeutung. Angesichts der klinischen Relevanz von Erwartungen stellen wir in diesem Artikel einen erwartungsfokussierten Behandlungs­ansatz für depressive Störungen vor. Im Vergleich zur traditionellen kognitiven Therapie zielt dieser Behandlungsansatz selektiv auf die Modifikation von dysfunktionalen Erwartungen ab, während andere Kognitionen weniger bearbeitet werden. Die Veränderung von dysfunktionalen Erwartungen erfolgt im Vergleich zur traditionellen kognitiven Therapie rein erfahrungsbasiert durch die Durchführung von Verhaltensexperimenten, in denen die Validität der spezifischen Vorhersagen der Patientinnen und Patienten überprüft wird. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf das Phä­nomen gelegt, dass Personen mit depressiver Symptomatik oft trotz korrigierender Erfahrungen weiter an ungünstigen Erwartungen festhalten, indem unerwartet positive Erfahrungen nachträglich devaluiert werden. Hierzu wird im Rahmen von Psychoedukation das Konzept der kognitiven Immunisierung (= nachträgliche Umbewertung von erwartungsverletzenden Erfahrungen) eingeführt und es werden spezifische therapeutische Strategien eingesetzt, um kognitiver Immunisierung entgegenzuwirken. Da eine empirische Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit dieses Ansatzes noch aussteht, kann der vorliegende Artikel die Grundlage für die Durchführung einer randomisierten-kontrollierten Studie darstellen.
Sorafenib: Experience and Better Manage­ment of Side Effects Improve Overall Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Real-Life Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Raoul Jean-Luc , Adhoute Xavier , Penaranda Guillaume , Perrier Hervé , Castellani Paul , Oules Valérie , Bourlière Marc
Published: March 2019

Background: Sorafenib is the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The management of its side effects is improving. This study aimed to assess, in real life, if this translates into a better prognosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study of advanced HCC patients treated with sorafenib between 2007 and 2017. Results: 188 advanced HCC patients received > 4 weeks of sorafenib. Median treatment duration was 5.4 months and median overall survival (mOS) 10 months (95% confidence interval 15–27). Sorafenib was initiated in 65 patients in 2007–2012 and 123 in 2013–2017. Both groups were comparable except for Barcelona Clinic liver cancer class. Tumor progression, disease control (DC) rate, and incidence of toxicity were similar in the 2 periods, but the duration of treatment (4.3 vs. 5.9 months; p < 0.01) and mOS (8 vs. 12 months; p < 0.002) differed. Among progressive disease patients, mOS was similar (7 months) but for those who had DC at 8 weeks, mOS was longer in the recent period (13 vs. 27 months; p < 0.0001). In the univariate analysis of OS, the period of treatment had a prognostic value. Conclusion: When comparing 2 periods of treatment in advanced HCC patients under sorafenib, duration of treatment and mOS were higher in the recent period. While mOS did not differ for patients who progressed, it was 2-fold higher in the recent period for those who had tumor control. Improvements in the use of sorafenib seem to be associated with better outcomes limited to patients with DC.
The Effect of Comedy Films on Postoperative Pain and Anxiety in Surgical Oncology Patients
Authors: Sarıtaş Serdar , Genç Hasan , Okutan Şerafettin , İnci Ramazan , Özdemir Ahmet , Kizilkaya Gülnaz
Published: March 2019

Objectives: To determine the effect of watching Turkish comedy films on postoperative pain and anxiety in oncology surgical patients. Design: This study was conducted using a pre- and post-test randomized controlled trial model. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a general surgery clinic of a hospital in eastern Turkey between January 2016 and January 2017. The sample of the study consisted of 88 patients (44 test, 44 control) selected by using the randomized sampling method. In the experimental group, funny videos from Turkish old comedy movies were watched for 10 min before surgery. Anxiety, measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and vital signs were measured before and after the experimental protocol. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, χ2 and t test were used. Results: The state-trait anxiety pre- and post-test mean score of the experimental group was found to be 39.59 ± 3.66 and 37.54 ± 3.52 before and after watching the video, respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference between these two values (p ≤ 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the pre- and post-test state-trait anxiety scores of the patients in the control group. The decrease from the pre- to post-test mean pain score was determined as 0.65 ± 1.05 in the experimental group and 0.11 ± 0.96 in the control group. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups’ post-test mean pain scores (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The study results suggest that watching Turkish comedy movie videos has a positive effect on postoperative pain and anxiety in surgical oncology patients.
Konzeption, Akzeptanz und Durchführbarkeit einer modularisierten universellen Präventionsmaßnahme zur emotionalen Kompetenz für Kinder und Jugendliche an Schulen im Rahmen eines Service-Learning-Konzepts
Authors: Pfeiffer Simone , Gutzweiler Raphael , Tschan Taru , In-Albon Tina
Published: March 2019

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Betrachtet man die hohen Prävalenzahlen psychischer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter und die damit verbundene Belastung und Beeinträchtigung der Betroffenen, so ist die Notwendigkeit von Prävention offensichtlich. Trotzdem fehlen häufig Ressourcen zur Durchführung von Präventionsmaßnahmen. Me­thode: Ziel war die Entwicklung und Implementierung so wie Evaluation eines modularisierten Präventionskonzepts zur emotionalen Kompetenz (3–5 Doppelstunden), welches im Rahmen eines Service-Learning-Konzeptes durchgeführt wurde. 1’195 Schüler im Alter von 7–16 Jahren (M = 11,5, SD = 2,42; Jungenanteil = 53%), 38 Lehrpersonen (M = 45,76 Jahre, SD = 9,49) und 188 Gruppenleiter (M = 23,38 Jahre, SD = 2,61) nahmen an der Evaluation der Präventionsmaßnahme teil. Erhoben wurden die Akzeptanz, der Wis­senszuwachs und die Effektivität anhand der Evaluation von Stressbewältigungsstrategien, Emotionsregulationsstrategien und Selbstwirksamkeit im Prä-Post-Design. Ergebnisse: In der Gesamtstichprobe zeigte sich eine hohe Akzeptanz der Präventionsmaßnahme mit Weiterempfehlungsraten zwischen 82 und 93%. Es zeigte sich ein kleiner Effekt beim Anstieg der konstruktiv-palliativen Emotionsregulation (t(97) = 2,62, p = 0,025, d = 0,29). In allen weiteren Outcome-Maßen zeigten sich keine signifikanten Veränderungen. Schlussfolgerung: Insgesamt zeigt sich eine erfolgreiche Implementierung des Präventionskonzepts an den Kooperationsschulen. Die modularisierte Konzeption der Präventionsmaßnahme geht zulasten der internen Validität, wo hingegen das naturalistische Studiendesign eine Stärke darstellt.
Is the Duration of Spa Cure Treatment Important in Knee Osteoarthritis? A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Özkuk Kağan , Uysal Bilal
Published: March 2019

Background: Spa therapies are applied in varying durations. Today, the duration of spa therapy may be long for people with active lives. How should we determine the duration of treatment in order to minimize therapy costs and loss of labor force? Does the duration of treatment have an impact on pain, functional status, and quality of life of patients? Objective: Our aim was to investigate the role of application time on the efficacy of spa therapy in individuals undergoing the same treatment protocol. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial design. Sixty individuals were divided into two groups: 3 weeks of therapy (group 1) and 2 weeks of therapy (group 2). Pretreatment, posttreatment, and 30-day posttreatment findings were recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Results: The measurements revealed significant improvement after treatment compared to those observed prior to the treatment in both groups, except for the social isolation subgroup. When the groups were compared to each other, significant improvement was observed in pain (VAS, WOMAC, NHP) in favor of group 1 at all measurement times. Conclusion: Our results suggest that spa therapy has positive effects on pain, physical activity, and quality of life in patients, and 15 sessions of therapy had even better effects on pain. We believe that the duration of therapy should be determined considering the efficacy of the therapy on pain as well as the functional situation and quality of life of patients regarding therapy costs.
Modifying Effect of Statins on Fatal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial: A Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Rivera Manuel , Tamariz Leonardo , Suarez Maritza , Contreras Gabriel
Published: March 2019

Background: Management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients includes efforts directed toward modifying traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Such efforts include optimal management of hypertension together with the initiation of statin therapy. Methods: In this observational study, we determine the modifying effect of statins on the relationship of systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal with mortality and other outcomes in patients with CKD participating in a clinical trial. At baseline, 2,646 CKD patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were randomized to an intensive SBP goal < 120 mm Hg or standard SBP goal <140 mm Hg. One thousand two hundred and seventy-three were not on statin, 1,354 were on a statin, and in 19 the use of statin was unknown. The 2 primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Results: The relationships of SBP goal with all-cause mortality (interaction p = 0.009) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality (interaction p = 0.021) were modified by the use of statin after adjusting for age, gender, race, CVD history, smoking, aspirin use, and blood pressure at baseline. In the statin group, targeting SBP to < 120 mm Hg compared to SBP < 140 mm Hg significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.44 [0.28–0.71]; event rates 1.16 vs. 2.5 per 100 patient-years) and CV mortality (aHR 0.29 [0.12–0.74]; event rates 0.28 vs. 0.92 per 100 patient-years) after a median follow-up of 3.26 years. In the non-statin group, the risk of all-cause mortality (aHR 1.07 [0.69–1.66]; event rates 2.01 vs. 1.94 per 100 patient-years) and CV mortality (aHR 1.42 [0.56–3.59]; event rates 0.52 vs. 0.41 per 100 patient-years) were not significantly different in both SBP goal arms. Conclusion: The combination of statin therapy and intensive SBP management leads to improved survival in hypertensive patients with CKD.
Nectin-1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer: Is There a Group of Patients with High Risk for Early Disease Recurrence?
Authors: Tampakis Athanasios , Tampaki Ekaterini Christina , Nonni Afroditi , Droeser Raoul , Posabella Alberto , Tsourouflis Gerasimos , Kontzoglou Konstantinos , Patsouris Efstratios , von Flüe Markus , Kouraklis Gregory
Published: March 2019

Background: Despite improvements in therapy of colorectal cancer, some patients will present occurrence of recurrence either locally or distantly. Tumor metastasis constitutes the major cause of cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. Nectin-1 belongs to the family of immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules that contribute to the formation of cell-cell adhesions and regulate a series of cellular activities including cell polarization, differentiation, movement, proliferation, and survival. Expression of Nectin-1 in malignant tumors has been associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess Nectin-1 expression patterns in colorectal cancer and to investigate its clinical significance. Methods: Nectin-1 expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens of a cohort comprised of 111 patients with primary resectable colorectal cancer. Results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival data. Progression-free survival was defined as the primary outcome of the present study. Results: Nectin-1 was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of colorectal cancer cells. High Nectin-1 expression was associated with advanced stage of disease (p = 0.012) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.007). Progression-free survival of patients exhibiting high expression of Nectin-1 in the first 36 months after surgery was significantly worse compared to patients with low expression of Nectin-1 (55.7%, 95% CI = 47–70, vs. 82.1%, 95% CI = 69–93, p = 0.014) and independent of other clinicopathological characteristics (HR = 0.389, 95% CI = 0.156–0.972, p = 0.043). Conclusion: Nectin-1 expression in colorectal cancer is associated with a significantly worse 3-year progression-free survival identifying therefore a group of patients with high risk for early disease recurrence.
Cardiac Hyaluronan Synthesis Is Critically Involved in the Cardiac Macrophage Response and Promotes Healing After Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Petz Anne , Grandoch Maria , Gorski Daniel J. , Abrams Marcel , Piroth Marco , Schneckmann Rebekka , Homann Susanne , Müller Julia , Hartwig Sonja , Lehr Stefan , Yamaguchi Yu , Wight Thomas N. , Gorressen Simone , Ding Zhaoping , Kötter Sebastian , Krüger Martina , Heinen Andre , Kelm Malte , Gödecke Axel , Flögel Ulrich , Fischer Jens W.
Published: March 2019

Rationale:

Immediate changes in the ECM (extracellular matrix) microenvironment occur after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Objective:

Aim of this study was to unravel the role of the early hyaluronan (HA)-rich ECM after I/R.

Methods and Results:

Genetic deletion of
Has2
and
Has1
was used in a murine model of cardiac I/R. Chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging was adapted to image cardiac ECM post-I/R. Of note, the cardiac chemical exchange saturation transfer signal was severely suppressed by
Has2
deletion and pharmacological inhibition of HA synthesis 24 hours after I/R.
Has2
KO (
Has2
deficient) mice showed impaired hemodynamic function suggesting a protective role for endogenous HA synthesis. In contrast to
Has2
deficiency,
Has1
-deficient mice developed no specific phenotype compared with control post-I/R. Importantly, in
Has2
KO mice, cardiac macrophages were diminished after I/R as detected by
19
F MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of perfluorcarbon-labeled immune cells, Mac-2/Galectin-3 immunostaining, and FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) analysis (CD45
+
CD11b
+
Ly6G
−
CD64
+
F4/80
+
cells). In contrast to macrophages, cardiac Ly6C
high
and Ly6C
low
monocytes were unaffected post-I/R compared with control mice. Mechanistically, inhibition of HA synthesis led to increased macrophage apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. In addition, α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin)–positive cells were reduced in the infarcted myocardium and in the border zone. In vitro, the myofibroblast response as measured by
Acta2
mRNA expression was reduced by inhibition of HA synthesis and of CD44 signaling. Furthermore,
Has2
KO fibroblasts were less able to contract collagen gels in vitro. The effects of HA/CD44 on fibroblasts and macrophages post-I/R might also affect intercellular cross talk because cardiac fibroblasts were activated by monocyte/macrophages and, in turn, protected macrophages from apoptosis.

Conclusions:

Increased HA synthesis contributes to postinfarct healing by supporting macrophage survival and by promoting the myofibroblast response. Additionally, imaging of cardiac HA by chemical exchange saturation transfer post-I/R might have translational value.
Augmented Dyadic Therapy Boosts Recovery of Language Function in Patients With Nonfluent Aphasia
Authors: Grechuta Klaudia , Rubio Ballester Belén , Espín Munne Rosa , Usabiaga Bernal Teresa , Molina Hervás Begona , Mohr Bettina , Pulvermüller Friedemann , San Segundo Rosa , Verschure Paul
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—

Evidence suggests that therapy can be effective in recovering from aphasia, provided that it consists of socially embedded, intensive training of behaviorally relevant tasks. However, the resources of healthcare systems are often too limited to provide such treatment at sufficient dosage. Hence, there is a need for evidence-based, cost-effective rehabilitation methods. Here, we asked whether virtual reality-based treatment grounded in the principles of use-dependent learning, behavioral relevance, and intensity positively impacts recovery from nonfluent aphasia.

Methods—

Seventeen patients with chronic nonfluent aphasia underwent intensive therapy in a randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial. Participants were assigned to the control group (N=8) receiving standard treatment or to the experimental group (N=9) receiving augmented embodied therapy with the Rehabilitation Gaming System for aphasia. All Rehabilitation Gaming System for aphasia sessions were supervised by an assistant who monitored the patients but did not offer any elements of standard therapy. Both interventions were matched for intensity and materials.

Results—

Our results revealed that at the end of the treatment both groups significantly improved on the primary outcome measure (Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination: control group,
P
=0.04; experimental group,
P
=0.01), and the secondary outcome measure (lexical access—vocabulary test: control group,
P
=0.01; experimental group,
P
=0.007). However, only the Rehabilitation Gaming System for aphasia group improved on the Communicative Aphasia Log (
P
=0.01). The follow-up assessment (week 16) demonstrated that while both groups retained vocabulary-related changes (control group,
P
=0.01; experimental group,
P
=0.007), only the Rehabilitation Gaming System for aphasia group showed therapy-induced improvements in language (
P
=0.01) and communication (
P
=0.05).

Conclusions—

Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of Rehabilitation Gaming System for aphasia for improving language and communication in patients with chronic aphasia suggesting that current challenges faced by the healthcare system in the treatment of stroke might be effectively addressed by augmenting traditional therapy with computer-based methods.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02928822.
AMiner: Search and Mining of Academic Social Networks
Authors: Wan Huaiyu , Zhang Yutao , Zhang Jing , Tang Jie
Published: March 2019

AMiner is a novel online academic search and mining system, and it aims to provide a systematic modeling approach to help researchers and scientists gain a deeper understanding of the large and heterogeneous networks formed by authors, papers, conferences, journals and organizations. The system is subsequently able to extract researchers’ profiles automatically from the Web and integrates them with published papers by a way of a process that first performs name disambiguation. Then a generative probabilistic model is devised to simultaneously model the different entities while providing a topic-level expertise search. In addition, AMiner offers a set of researcher-centered functions, including social influence analysis, relationship mining, collaboration recommendation, similarity analysis, and community evolution. The system has been in operation since 2006 and has been accessed from more than 8 million independent IP addresses residing in more than 200 countries and regions.
The Aristotelian Psychology of Tragic Mimesis
Authors: González José M.
Published: March 2019

This paper argues that the psychology of mimesis presupposed by Poetics 4 is immediately relevant to Aristotle’s psychology of tragic mimesis. µανθάνειν καὶ συλλογίζεσθαι at 1448b16 involve a cognitive mode characteristic of Aristotelian induction that joins particulars with universals through spontaneous, non-discursive noetic predication. Aristotle’s view of the cognition of tragic mimesis can be subsumed under the practice of theōria: the inductive re‑cognition of ethical universals is a ‘theoric’ exercise of philosophical reflection on the particulars of the tragic action, an associative intellection that actualizes the subject’s knowledge by joining ethical universals with the particular mimetic praxeis they regard.
Transcendence in an Age of Tabloids and Terror
Authors: Carson Jordan
Published: March 2019

This essay examines how Don DeLillo employs the apophatic tradition as a means of approaching the transcendent while resisting media absorption and extremist cooptation. Apophatic discourse—discourse that points toward that which is beyond language—honors the dynamic nature of truth, making it well suited to a postmodern, pluralistic era. Yet, apophasis is not just a recognition of the limits of language but a way of approaching the Ultimate that results in personal transformation. DeLillo’s invocation of mystery is often noted but rarely connected to spiritual formation. Yet his work is full of pilgrims disaffected by traditional religion who unavailingly seek spiritual fulfillment elsewhere. I demonstrate that DeLillo offers a standard for discriminating among religious mysteries by chronicling the spiritual etiolation of misguided pilgrims. I then identify apophatic discourse in his work, arguing that DeLillo upholds apophasis as a way of engaging mystery that is self-realizing and redemptive.
Is Provisional Application on the Rise in International Investment Agreements? The European Union’s Recent Treaty Practice and the Curious Case of Von Pezold
Authors: Simonsick William Joseph
Published: March 2019

As the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (vclt) approaches its 50th birthday, the peculiar phenomenon of provisional application appears to be on the rise. Although previously confined, in the sphere of international investment agreements (iias), to the context of the Energy Charter Treaty, provisional application is increasingly seen in European Union multilateral investment treaties. Furthermore, the recent decision of Von Pezold has explored the open-ended nature of Article 25(1)(b) vclt, and the potential range of iias to which provisional application is possible. Subject to textual interpretation authorized by Articles 31 and 32 vclt, found in Kardassopoulos, Petrobart and the Yukos Oil tribunals, provisional application is a legal regime that can very easily lead towards unintended results. This article suggests the solutions of more careful syntax and grammar, and limiting clauses and changes in legal processes, to further mature provisional application jurisprudence.
No Country for the Low-end? −An Intersectional Analysis of the Status of Migrant Women Workers as Domestic Helpers and Relevant Laws in China
Authors: Peng Qinxuan
Published: March 2019

‘Low-end population’, which refers to people working in low-paid industries in China, has become a taboo word for public discussions and in official documents due to the inconvenient truth it indicates. To look into the ‘low-end’ society, this study uses intersectionality theory to analyse how the social categories of gender, social origin and occupation creates overlapped disadvantages for migrant women workers as domestic helpers in China. Before, little attention has been paid to these invisible building blocks of the great economic success of China, hence the multiple inequalities they have experienced in their lives and work are untold stories. Using intersectionality analysis, the study describes in detail the status of migrant women workers as domestic helpers. It further introduces Chinese laws and policies on Hukou regulation, on women’s rights and on regulating the domestic service market, with a conclusion of the concrete problems faced by this group of people.
Contemplative Aspects of Pentecostal Spirituality
Authors: Yang Xiaoli
Published: March 2019

How is the dynamic power of the Holy Spirit working through contemplative aspects of Pentecostal spirituality in Asia where Christianity thrives in a hostile environment today? Are there any insights that Pentecostal churches of the Global North can learn and experience deeper transformation through the Holy Spirit in a post-Christian world? This article shares a recent experience of a retreat with a group of Asian Pentecostal pastors. It describes how they, both individually and as a group, encountered God through contemplative practice within the praxis of their spiritual tradition. Drawing from their experiences grounded in Scripture, the article explores the key theological issues of silence, body, and response. Pentecostal churches are therefore encouraged to be eager to learn from the lived experiences of pastors in Asia and receptive to contemplative aspects of Pentecostal spirituality.
John Coltrane’s A Love Supreme as Prayed Glossolalia
Authors: Rowlands Jonathan
Published: March 2019

In this article the author offers a theological reading of John Coltrane’s seminal 1965 album, A Love Supreme. He suggests it is feasible to interpret Coltrane’s work as a musical parallel of sorts to the phenomenon of praying in tongues. The author contends that such a reading is not only possible but also desirable, since it issues a challenge to the modern Church regarding its worship practices and the use of glossolalia, making the issue important for modern Pentecostal Christian communities.
The Problem of Sovereignty: Reading Hobbes through the Eyes of Hannah Arendt
Authors: Straehle Edgar
Published: March 2019

In this paper I examine how Hobbes’ philosophy can be read from an Arendtian perspective. I argue that Arendt provided two different interpretations of Hobbes: one set down in The Origins of Totalitarianism, where Hobbes is depicted as the spokesman of the emerging bourgeoisie; and another that she developed later, scattered among various texts such as The Human Condition and Between Past and Future. I focus on this second interpretation and on her analysis of concepts such as common sense, authority and sovereignty. Firstly, I examine how she changes the meaning of common sense, and how this shift is linked to what Arendt understands by the expression “estrangement from the world.” Secondly, I explain how Hobbes redefined the concept of authority and how his notion of sovereignty deliberately conflated the dual concepts of authority and power.
Recent Trends in German Hobbes Scholarship
Authors: Brantl Dirk
Published: March 2019

This review traces recent developments in German Hobbes scholarship. Relevant publications are discussed along three major fields of inquiry: Hobbes and Liberalism, Hobbes on Politics and Religions, and Hobbes on the Passions, Politics, and Education.
Analysis of a herpetofaunal community from an altered marshy area in Sicily; with special remarks on habitat use (niche breadth and overlap), relative abundance of lizards and snakes, and the correlation between predator abundance and tail loss in lizards
Authors: Luiselli Luca , Angelici Francesco M. , Di Vittorio Massimiliano , Spinnato Antonio , Politano Edoardo
Published: March 2019

A field survey was conducted in a highly degraded barren environment in Sicily in order to investigate herpetofaunal community composition and structure, habitat use (niche breadth and overlap) and relative abundance of a snake predator and two species of lizard prey. The site was chosen because it has a simple community structure and thus there is potentially less ecological complexity to cloud any patterns observed. We found an unexpectedly high overlap in habitat use between the two closely related lizards that might be explained either by a high competition for space or through predator-mediated co-existence i.e. the prevention of the competitive exclusion of one lizard over the other. We also found a strong positive correlation between predator density and tail damage in lizards and we suggest that tail damage is a direct consequence of snake activity (because no other natural predators occur in the area).
Two new genera and three new species of subterranean cyclopoids (Crustacea, Copepoda) from New Zealand, with redescription of Goniocyclops silvestris Harding, 1958
Authors: Karanovic Tomislav
Published: March 2019

A small collection of copepod samples from several wells in the Canterbury region, South Island, was examined. It contained a few cosmopolitan cyclopoid species, three interesting harpacticoids, as well as two new cyclopoid genera. The latter are presented in this paper, together with a redescription and first description of the male of Goniocyclops silvestris Harding, 1958, a cyclopoid species previously known only from North Island. Both new genera are from the Diacyclops-Acanthocyclops complex. Abdiacyclops gen. nov. is easily distinguishable from the complex by its unique swimming legs segmentation formula (2/2, 3/3, 3/3, 3/3), and is so far monospecific and known only after females. The most important characters of the second new genus, Zealandcyclops gen. nov. are: the swimming legs segmentation formula of 2/2, 3/2, 3/2, 3/2; a very small and two-segmented fifth leg; 11-segmented antennula; and sexual dimorphism in the swimming legs, with a transformed apical spine on the third leg endopod in the male. Four species were included in this genus: Zealandcyclops fenwicki sp. nov., from a well in the South Canterbury region; Z. haywardi sp. nov., from a well in the North Canterbury region; Z. eulitoralis (Alekseev and Arov, 1986) comb. nov., from the interstitial of several beaches on the southern shore of Lake Baikal; and Z. biceri (Boxshall et al., 1993) comb. nov., from a sandy beach on the western shore of Lake Baikal. Zealandcyclops gen. nov. seems to be an archaic cyclopoid genus, having survived only in New Zealand and in the ancient Lake Baikal. With the present report, the New Zealand cyclopoid fauna numbers 16 species, a systematic list of which is presented in this paper. The majority of them are cosmopolitan elements, probably introduced here by early European settlers. Only one genus (8%) and six species (38%) are endemic, which is probably a reflection of the absence of any comprehensive research on the New Zealand cyclopoids.
The urosome of the Pan- and Peracarida
Authors: Knopf Franziska , Koenemann Stefan , Schram Frederick R. , Wolff Carsten
Published: March 2019

We have examined the caudal regions of diverse peracarid and pancarid malacostracans using light and scanning electronic microscopy. The traditional view of malacostracan posterior anatomy is not sustainable, viz., that the free telson, when present, bears the anus near the base. The anus either can occupy a terminal, sub-terminal, or mid-ventral position on the telson; or can be located on the sixth pleomere – even when a free telson is present. Furthermore, there is information that might be interpreted to suggest that in some cases a telson can be absent. Embryologic data indicates that the condition of the body terminus in amphipods cannot be easily characterized, though there does appear to be at least a transient seventh segment that seems to fuse with the sixth segment. Our understanding of the genesis of the so-called telson of amphipods could be subject to alternative interpretations than those traditionally put forth.
A new classification of the Xanthoidea sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) based on phylogenetic analysis and traditional systematics and evaluation of all fossil Xanthoidea sensu lato
Authors: Karasawa Hiroaki , Schweitzer Carrie E.
Published: March 2019

A phylogenetic analysis was conducted including representatives from all recognized extant and extinct families of the Xanthoidea sensu lato, resulting in one new family, Hypothalassiidae. Four xanthoid families are elevated to superfamily status, resulting in Carpilioidea, Pilumnoidoidea, Eriphioidea, Progeryonoidea, and Goneplacoidea, and numerous subfamilies are elevated to family status. The Mathildellidae is moved from the Goneplacidae to the Portunoidea. Diagnoses for all superfamilies and families discussed herein are provided, embracing characters typically used by biologists as well as readily fossilized features of the dorsal carapace, sternum, abdomen, and chelipeds. All genera known from the fossil record at one time referred to the Xanthidae sensu lato, Xanthoidea sensu lato, or Goneplacidae sensu latowere evaluated as to their family level placement and as a result, the family-level placement of many of these genera has been changed herein. Balcacarcinusnew substitute name, is provided herein for BittneriaSchweitzer and Karasawa, 2004.
Comparative tadpole morphology in three species of frogs of the genus Spinomantis (Amphibia: Mantellidae)
Authors: Vejarano Silvia , Thomas Meike , Vences Miguel
Published: March 2019

We describe the tadpoles of three species of Malagasy frogs, classified in the genus Spinomantis, based on specimens identified by DNA barcoding. The tadpole of Spinomantis aglavei is a typical Orton type IV larva. The oral disc is not emarginated laterally, but has two mid-ventral folds and a labial tooth row formula of 3(2- 3)/2(1). The tadpole of S. phantasticus is similar, the oral disc being laterally emarginated and having one medial fold; LTRF is 3/3(1). A third species, S. cf. fimbriatus is also similar to the other two species; the oral disc is not laterally emarginated but has three medial folds and LTRF is 3(2-3)/3(1). One shared character is a median fold or emargination in the lower part of the oral disc, although the shape of this fold is different in each of the three species. Only single specimens were available for examination in S. aglavei and S. phantasticus , preventing a further discussion of intraspecific morphological variation and of possibly diagnostic characters of larval morphology.
Late Cretaceous dwarf decapods from Guerrero, southern Mexico and their migration patterns
Authors: Fraaije René H.B. , Vega Francisco J. , van Bakel Barry W.M. , Garibay-Romero Luis M.
Published: March 2019

Two new brachyuran species are described for the Upper Cretaceous Mexcala Formation, Guerrero State, Mexico. Longusorbis quadratus new species (Coniacian, Temalac region) is the oldest and southernmost record for the genus. Xanthosia zoquiapensis new species (Campanian, Zoquiapa region) is the first record for the genus in Mexico. In addition, the age for Costacopluma bishopi Vega and Feldmann is discussed (Coniacian, Temalac region) and represents the oldest and southernmost record for Cretaceous representatives of this genus in North America. All specimens are considerably smaller compared to other species of the same genera and are interpreted as the first example of brachyuran dwarfism in the geological record. These species add new insight into possible migratory routes during the Late Cretaceous. Within Longusorbis, a northwestern migratory route is documented from the Coniacian in Mexico to the Campanian - Maastrichtian of the west coast of North America (Canada), whereas within the genus Xanthosia, a western migratory route from the Albian of Europe to the Campanian of Mexico is indicated. Costacopluma migrated east and north to the west coast of Africa, southeast North America and Greenland.
Morphology, anatomy and histology of Doto uva Marcus, 1955 (Opisthobranchia: Nudibranchia) from the Chilean coast
Authors: Fischer María Angélica , van der Velde Gerard , Roubos Eric W.
Published: March 2019

Doto uva Marcus, 1955 is a nudibranch species recorded from the Brazilian and Chilean coast. In spite of its wide distribution, D. uva has been described only superficially, mainly as to the pattern of its coloration, external morphology, radular teeth and reproductive system. Here we substantially extend this description, paying special attention to the morphology, anatomy and histology of the digestive and reproductive system. Furthermore, new data on the morphology of the central nervous system and its cell types are given, and finally, the egg mass is described. On the basis of these data, we consider the Doto specimens described from Chile conspecific with those from Brazil.
In-Situ and Ex-Situ status of the Javan Gibbon and the role of zoos in conservation of the species
Authors: Nijman Vincent
Published: March 2019

The Javan gibbon Hylobates moloch is confined to the last remnants of rainforest on the island of Java, Indonesia. As of 2002, the species has been recorded in 29 forest areas, and the wild population is conservatively estimated at 4100-4500 individuals. Over 95% of the gibbons are in populations of >100 individuals, and the four largest areas support populations of >500 individuals each. In 2003, 56 Javan gibbons were maintained at eight Indonesian zoos, 15 at four Indonesian wildlife rescue centres, with five potential breeding pairs. There is no evidence that the species has bred successfully in captivity in Indonesia. Outside the range country, 48 Javan gibbons were maintained at ten institutions in nine countries, with six breeding pairs. The total ex-situ population is some 120 individuals, the majority of which is wild-caught. At present most initiatives relating to the conservation of the Javan gibbon have targeted small isolated forest areas and the ex-situ population, whereas in-situ protection of the largest populations in the wild has been largely ignored. Significant populations are currently found in unprotected forests. The large captive population of Javan gibbons within Indonesia allows, with improved co-operation, to set up an integrated captive- breeding programme. This should, not be seen, however, as a means to improve the conservation status of the wild Javan gibbons, which needs to be achieved through protection of remaining habitat, but could be used for improving the prevailing low levels of conservation awareness in Java.
Cladistic analysis of the family Stenothoidae (Amphipoda, Crustacea)
Authors: Krapp-Schickel Traudl , Koenemann Stefan
Published: March 2019

The amphipod family Stenothoidae contains more than 200 species in about 40 genera; these genera are at present often defined not by the presence, but by the absence of synapomorphies, thus defining grades rather than clades. Our phylogenetic analyses yielded 4 groups of stenothoids: a basic proboloidid clade; an advanced and always clearly separated Austral-Antarctic thaumatelsonid clade, with a possibly related Arctic mesometopid clade; and finally a poorly resolved group, the stenothoids sensu stricto, including the large and probably polyphyletic genera Stenothoe and Metopa, each with more than 50 species. It is proposed to study and analyse these groups separately in future, based on better redescriptions of the individual species. Our analyses support the family status of the Thaumatelsonidae, erected as a family by Gurjanova in 1938, but reduced to subfamily rank by Barnard in 1972.
Morphological re-evaluation of the parotoid glands of Bufo ictericus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)
Authors: de Almeida Pablo G. , Felsemburgh Flavia A. , Azevedo Rodrigo A. , de Brito-Gitirana Lycia
Published: March 2019

Multicellular glands in the amphibian integument represent a significant evolutionary advance over those of fishes. Bufonids have parotoid glands, symmetrically disposed in a post-orbital position. Their secretion may contribute to protection against predators and parasites. This study provides a re-evaluation of the morphology of the Bufo ictericus parotoid glands. The parotoid gland integument of the medial surface shows rounded depressions with small pores that connect with the duct openings of the larger granular glands. Under light microscopic evaluation the integument is constituted by typical epidermis, supported by dermis subdivided into a spongious dermis, a reticular dermis, and a compact dermis. The Eberth-Katschenko layer is identified as a basophilic material scattered throughout the superficial spongious dermis. The parotoid gland is an integument region, in which three exocrine glandular types occur: mixed glands, smaller granular glands and larger granular glands. The mixed gland is formed by mucous and serous cells while the small granular glands contain a homogene acidophilic intake. The larger granular glands produce a basophilic and alcianophilic material, and are responsible for the macroscopic protuberances designed as parotoid glands. Thus, the end product released by the parotoid glands is a mix of secretions produced by the three glands.
A centuries old problem in nephtheid taxonomy approached using DNA data (Coelenterata: Alcyonacea)
Authors: van Ofwegen L.P. , Groenenberg D.S.J.
Published: March 2019

The current centuries old classification of the family Nephtheidae is still mostly based on colony morphology. In this family the Indo-Pacifc genera Litophyton, Nephthea, Dendronephthya and Stereonephthya, and the Atlantic genus Neospongodes form a complex mix of closely related, poorly described species which cannot be recognized using only colony morphology. Attempts with the more modern approach of comparing skeleton composition (sclerites) have been only partly successful because of the extreme variation of sclerite forms present in these genera. The genus Chromonephthea Van Ofwegen, 2005, introduced for several species previously assigned to Dendronephthya, Nephthea and Stereonephthya, was established with sclerite morphology, but the true generic status of the majority of the nominal species of these genera remained unresolved. In an attempt to clarify the phylogenetic relationships between Litophyton, Nephthea, Stereonephthya and Chromonephthea fourteen specimens, unidentified but certainly belonging to these genera, have been used in molecular analyses. All analyses supported two clades, which could be related to the shape of the sclerites present in the polyp stalks. One clade contained the specimens with characters for Stereonephthya along with the Chromonephthea specimen as a sister group. The other clade had a ‘true’ Nephthea and Litophyton together with the specimens that could not be placed in any particular genus using the old classification criteria. The consequences of these results for nephtheid classification are discussed.
Unexpected diversity of slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within the Javan pet trade: implications for slow loris taxonomy
Authors: Nekaris K.A.I. , Jaffe S.
Published: March 2019

Since the 1950s, Sundaland (Borneo, Java, Sumatra and their surrounding islands) was thought to be inhabited by a single slow loris species, the greater slow loris Nycticebus coucang. Early taxonomies as well as recent morphological and genetic studies, however, point to at least three species native to this region: N. coucang, N. menagensis, and N. javanicus. In the light of this taxonomy, all Sundaland slow lorises, previously considered Least Threatened, have been listed as Vulnerable or Endangered. Of particular concern is the fact that slow lorises are the most common protected primate species in the rampant Southeast Asian pet trade, resulting in their recent transferral to CITES Appendix I precluding all international commercial trade. Due to lack of knowledge regarding morphological differences between the three species, they are still managed as one, with potential serious affects to wild populations, as hard-release of individuals of unknown geographic origin is common. This paper examines morphological variability of 34 live slow lorises, all of which were rescued from the wildlife trade in Java, Indonesia. Morphometric data and diagnostic images were collected, various species descriptions were considered and statistical analyses were conducted and compared with other taxonomists’ classifications. A discriminant function analysis provided support for four distinct groupings: Nycticebus coucang and N. javanicus, as well as evidence for two new taxa that correspond closely to N. hilleri and N. ornatus. The morphological traits that varied significantly and the external characteristic trends described in this study that contributed to these groupings might provide a baseline to classify Nycticebus taxa. This information is pertinent for appropriate captive management and specific designation of rescued individuals and for designing proper in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies.
Low predictive power of mid-domain effect to explain geographic species richness patterns in Palearctic songbirds
Authors: Aliabadian M. , Roselaar C. S. , Sluys R. , Nijman V.
Published: March 2019

In the study of diversity patterns, the Mid-domain effect (MDE), which explains gradients in diversity solely on the basis of geometric constraints, has emerged as a null-model against which other hypotheses can be tested. The effectiveness, measured by its predictive power, of these MDE models appears to depend on the size of the study area and the range-sizes of the taxa considered. Here we test the predictive power of MDE on the species richness patterns of birds and assess its effectiveness for a variety of species range sizes. We digitised distribution maps of 889 species of songbird endemic to the Palearctic, and analysed the emergent biogeographic patterns with WORLDMAP software. MDE had a predictive power of 20% when all songbirds were included. Major hotspots were located south of the area where MDE predicted the highest species-richness, and some of the observed coldspots were in the centre of the Palearctic, contradicting the predictions of the MDE. MDE had little explanatory power (3-19%) for all but the largest range sizes, whereas MDE performed equal or better for the large-ranged species (20-34%) compared to the overall model. Overall MDE did not accurate explain species-richness patterns in Palearctic songbirds. Subsets of larger-range species did not always have a larger predictive power than smaller-range species or the overall model. Despite their low predictive power, MDE models can have a role to play in explaining biogeographic patterns but other variables need to be included in the model as well.
Vocalizations as a conservation tool: an auditory survey of the Andean titi monkey Callicebus oenanthe Thomas, 1924 (Mammalia: Primates: Pitheciidae) at Tarangue, Northern Peru
Authors: Aldrich Brooke Catherine , Molleson Lucy , Nekaris K.A.I.
Published: March 2019

Titi monkeys (Callicebus), morphologically cryptic primates, have been difficult to survey using traditional sighting-based line transect methods. Callicebus-species regularly engage in loud, ritualized singing bouts, which could allow for the use of alternate, potentially more accurate call-based survey methods to monitor populations. The Andean titi monkey, C. oenanthe, is endemic to a small region of northern Peru, an area subject to widespread and rapid deforestation and human colonization. We conducted a call-based survey of C. oenanthe at Tarangue, a 74 ha private reserve near Moyobamba. Triangulation of calls was used to map groups of titi monkeys on and around the reserve. 73 mapped calls were used to estimate the presence of between three and six groups per listening area - a total of 23 groups entirely or partially within the borders of Tarangue, yielding an estimated population density of 1.41 individuals per ha. Observations were much greater than those resulting from a visually-based survey conducted at Tarangue three years earlier. These higher estimates are probably not only due to this more suitable survey method; incessant destruction of habitat occurring in the area surrounding Tarangue may have caused the reserve to become a refuge for displaced individuals, with diminished opportunities for dispersal and establishment of new territories. Immediate measures to prevent further fragmentation within the Andean titi monkey’s geographic range are essential in order to allow the species to persist. We recommend the use of triangulation of calls for future surveys of titi monkeys.