bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Favorable pleiotropic loci for fiber yield and quality in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Wang Pengpeng , He Shoupu , Sun Gaofei , Pan Zhaoe , Sun Junling , Geng Xiaoli , Peng Zhen , Gong Wenfang , Wang Liru , Pang Baoyin , Jia Yinhua , Du Xiongming
Published: August 2021

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important economic crop for renewable textile fibers. However, the simultaneous improvement of yield and fiber quality in cotton is difficult as the linkage drag. Compared with breaking the linkage drag, identification of the favorable pleiotropic loci on the genome level by genome-wide association study (GWAS) provides a new way to improve the yield and fiber quality simultaneously. In our study restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to genotype 316 cotton accessions. Eight major traits in three categories including yield, fiber quality and maturation were investigated in nine environments (3 sites × 3 years). 231 SNPs associated with these eight traits (− log10(P) > 5.27) were identified, located in 27 genomic regions respectively by linkage disequilibrium analysis. Further analysis showed that four genomic regions (the region 1, 6, 8 and 23) held favorable pleiotropic loci and 6 candidate genes were identified. Through genotyping, 14 elite accessions carrying the favorable loci on four pleiotropic regions were identified. These favorable pleiotropic loci and elite genotypes identified in this study will be utilized to improve the yield and fiber quality simultaneously in future cotton breeding.
MELD-accelerated molecular dynamics help determine amyloid fibril structures
Authors: Sharma Bhanita , Dill Ken A.
Published: August 2021

It is challenging to determine the structures of protein fibrils such as amyloids. In principle, Molecular Dynamics (MD) modeling can aid experiments, but normal MD has been impractical for these large multi-molecules. Here, we show that MELD accelerated MD (MELD x MD) can give amyloid structures from limited data. Five long-chain fibril structures are accurately predicted from NMR and Solid State NMR (SSNMR) data. Ten short-chain fibril structures are accurately predicted from more limited restraints information derived from the knowledge of strand directions. Although the present study only tests against structure predictions – which are the most detailed form of validation currently available – the main promise of this physical approach is ultimately in going beyond structures to also give mechanical properties, conformational ensembles, and relative stabilities.
Digitonin-facilitated delivery of imaging probes enables single-cell analysis of AKT signalling activities in suspension cells
Authors: Wang Siwen , Perkins Nicole G. , Ji Fei , Chaudhuri Rohit , Guo Zhili , Sarkar Priyanka , Shao Shiqun , Li Zhonghan , Xue Min
Published: August 2021

Digitonin allows the delivery of cyclic peptide-based imaging probes into suspension cells. This method enables time-resolved single-cell profiling of AKT signalling activities.
Effect of halogen substitution on energies and dynamics of reversible photomechanical crystals based on 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid
Authors: Gately Thomas J. , Sontising Watit , Easley Connor J. , Islam Imadul , Al-Kaysi Rabih O. , Beran Gregory J. O. , Bardeen Christopher J.
Published: August 2021

A combined experimental/computational analysis of photomechanical anthracene derivatives reveals their kinetic behavior is not simply related to the monomer-photodimer energetics.
Novel two-dimensional AlSb and InSb monolayers with a double-layer honeycomb structure: a first-principles study
Authors: Bafekry A. , Faraji M. , Fadlallah M. M. , Jappor H. R. , Karbasizadeh S. , Ghergherehchi M. , Sarsari I. Abdolhosseini , Ziabari A. Abdolahzadeh
Published: August 2021

AlSb and InSb monolayers with double-layer honeycomb (DLHC) structures
Synthesis of an expanded pincer ligand and its bimetallic coinage metal complexes
Authors: Delaney Andie R. , Yu Li-Juan , Coote Michelle L. , Colebatch Annie L.
Published: August 2021

Synthesis of an expanded pincer ligand and demonstration of its coordinative flexibility in bimetallic coinage metal complexes.
Synthesis and characterization of diacylgermanes: persistent derivatives with superior photoreactivity
Authors: Püschmann Sabrina D. , Frühwirt Philipp , Müller Stefanie M. , Wagner Stefan H. , Torvisco Ana , Fischer Roland C. , Kelterer Anne-Marie , Griesser Thomas , Gescheidt Georg , Haas Michael
Published: August 2021

A series of novel diacylgermanes with bulky mesityl groups by the multiple silyl abstraction methodology, avoiding the Corey–Seebach reaction were synthesized.
Synthesis of Au/lignin–tannin particles and their anticancer application
Authors: Jiang Zhicheng , Duan Jinjie , Guo Xingjie , Ma Ya , Wang Chunjiong , Shi Bi
Published: August 2021

Au3+ ions could be reduced to Au0 particles and stabilized on lignin–tannin particles without the use of reducing agents and surfactants.
A sustainable waterborne vanillin–eugenol–acrylate miniemulsion with suitable antibacterial properties as a substitute for the styrene–acrylate emulsion
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ma Jianzhong , Lyu Bin , Zhang Yuehong , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Liu Chenyang
Published: August 2021

Sustainable monomers DV and DE were employed as substitutes for styrene and a petroleum-based crosslinker respectively to copolymerize with BA to afford a waterborne P(DV–BA–DE) miniemulsion, which is an ideal antibacterial coating for leather.
A novel and cost effective isatin based Schiff base fluorophore: a highly efficient “turn-off” fluorescence sensor for the selective detection of cysteine in an aqueous medium
Authors: Pradeep Savitha D. , Sebastian Deepa , Gopalakrishnan Anjali K. , Mohanan Puzhavoorparambil V.
Published: August 2021

We designed an efficient, sensitive, and selective chemosensor for the fluorimetric determination of cysteine.
[3 + 2]-Annulation of pyridinium ylides with 1-chloro-2-nitrostyrenes unveils a tubulin polymerization inhibitor
Authors: Aksenov Alexander V. , Arutiunov Nikolai A. , Kirilov Nikita K. , Aksenov Dmitrii A. , Grishin Igor Yu. , Aksenov Nicolai A. , Wang Huifen , Du Liqin , Betancourt Tania , Pelly Stephen C. , Kornienko Alexander , Rubin Michael
Published: August 2021

Heterocycles prepared via [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of pyridinium ylides to 1-chloro-2-nitrostyrenes were evaluated as microtubule-targeting anticancer agents potent against BE(2)-C neuroblastoma cells.
Nickel catalyzed sustainable synthesis of benzazoles and purines via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling and borrowing hydrogen approach
Authors: Chakraborty Gargi , Mondal Rakesh , Guin Amit Kumar , Paul Nanda D.
Published: August 2021

Herein we report nickel-catalyzed sustainable synthesis of a few chosen five-membered fused nitrogen heterocycles such as benzimidazole, purine, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole via acceptorless dehydrogenative functionalization of alcohols.
Photoredox-mediated hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of functionalized olefins for DNA-encoded library synthesis
Authors: Badir Shorouk O. , Lipp Alexander , Krumb Matthias , Cabrera-Afonso María Jesús , Kammer Lisa Marie , Wu Victoria E. , Huang Minxue , Csakai Adam , Marcaurelle Lisa A. , Molander Gary A.
Published: August 2021

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology facilitates the rapid identification of therapeutic candidates in pharmaceutical settings. Herein, the development of photoredox-mediated hydrocarbofunctionalization protocols of olefins is described.
Quantitative ubiquitylomics reveals the ubiquitination regulation landscape in oral adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Xiaobin , Zhang Qian , Wang Hanlin , Zuo Wenxin , Xie Hongliang , Tang Jianming , Wang Mengmeng , Zeng Zhipeng , Cai Wanxia , Tang Donge , Dai Yong
Published: August 2021

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an extremely rare salivary gland tumor with a poor prognosis and needs attention on molecular mechanisms. Protein ubiquitination is an evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification (PTM) for substrates degradation and controls diverse cellular functions. The broad cellular function of ubiquitination network holds great promise to detect potential targets and identify respective receptors. Novel technologies are discovered for in-depth research and characterization of the precise and dynamic regulation of ubiquitylomics in multiple cellular processes during cancer initiation, progression and treatment. In the present study, 4D label-free quantitative techniques of ubiquitination proteomics were used and we identified a total of 4152 ubiquitination sites in 1993 proteins. We also performed a systematic bioinformatics analysis for differential modified proteins and peptides containing quantitative information through the comparation between oral ACC (OACC) tumor with adjacent normal tissues, as well as the identification of eight protein clusters with motif analysis. Our findings offered an important reference of potential biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for ACC.
U7 deciphered: the mechanism that forms the unusual 3′ end of metazoan replication-dependent histone mRNAs
Authors: Dominski Zbigniew , Tong Liang
Published: August 2021

In animal cells, replication-dependent histone mRNAs end with a highly conserved stem–loop structure followed by a 4- to 5-nucleotide single-stranded tail. This unique 3′ end distinguishes replication-dependent histone mRNAs from all other eukaryotic mRNAs, which end with a poly(A) tail produced by the canonical 3′-end processing mechanism of cleavage and polyadenylation. The pioneering studies of Max Birnstiel's group demonstrated nearly 40 years ago that the unique 3′ end of animal replication-dependent histone mRNAs is generated by a distinct processing mechanism, whereby histone mRNA precursors are cleaved downstream of the stem–loop, but this cleavage is not followed by polyadenylation. The key role is played by the U7 snRNP, a complex of a ∼60 nucleotide U7 snRNA and many proteins. Some of these proteins, including the enzymatic component CPSF73, are shared with the canonical cleavage and polyadenylation machinery, justifying the view that the two metazoan pre-mRNA 3′-end processing mechanisms have a common evolutionary origin. The studies on U7 snRNP culminated in the recent breakthrough of reconstituting an entirely recombinant human machinery that is capable of accurately cleaving histone pre-mRNAs, and determining its structure in complex with a pre-mRNA substrate (with 13 proteins and two RNAs) that is poised for the cleavage reaction. The structure uncovered an unanticipated network of interactions within the U7 snRNP and a remarkable mechanism of activating catalytically dormant CPSF73 for the cleavage. This work provides a conceptual framework for understanding other eukaryotic 3′-end processing machineries.
Nonstandardized Assessment of Cognitive-Communication Abilities Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hall Audrey , Lundine Jennifer P. , McCauley Rebecca J.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to describe and synthesize existing research on nonstandardized assessment of cognitive-communication abilities in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to improve the detection, diagnosis, and tracking of injury sequelae and guide appropriate service provision.

Materials and Method

A search of peer-reviewed journal databases revealed 504 unique articles published between January 2000 and August 2019. For full inclusion, articles had to report on empirical studies examining variables related to the nonstandardized assessment of cognitive-communication skills following TBI in children. Review articles, expert opinion pieces, and non–English language articles were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guided this process.

Results

Results were tabulated for each of the 14 articles that met full inclusion criteria. Included studies presented five different types of nonstandardized assessment: discourse analysis (
n
= 3), systematic observation of child's performance during an instrumental activity of daily living (
n
= 4), virtual reality tasks (
n
= 3), structured cognitive tasks (
n
= 2), and functional rating scales (
n
= 2). The majority of included studies compared the outcomes of nonstandardized assessment against subtest scores and checklists drawn from a variety of existing standardized and criterion-referenced assessments. Targeted cognitive-communication skills included attention, working memory, self-regulation, planning, multitasking, social problem-solving, inferencing, and macrolevel discourse.

Conclusions

Preliminary research suggests that a well-designed and systematically implemented nonstandardized assessment can yield essential information about children's cognitive-communication abilities in real-world contexts. Further research is needed to validate these assessments and to determine in which settings and situations they may prove most effective.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15079026
INSPIRE: INvestigating Stellar Population In RElics
Authors: Spiniello C. , Tortora C. , D’Ago G. , Coccato L. , La Barbera F. , Ferré-Mateu A. , Pulsoni C. , Arnaboldi M. , Gallazzi A. , Hunt L. , Napolitano N. R. , Radovich M. , Scognamiglio D. , Spavone M. , Zibetti S.
Published: August 2021

Context. The INvestigating Stellar Population In RElics (INSPIRE) is an ongoing project targeting 52 ultra-compact massive galaxies at 0.1 <  z <  0.5 with the X-shooter at VLT spectrograph (XSH). These objects are the ideal candidates to be ‘relics’, massive red nuggets that have formed at high redshift (z >  2) through a short and intense star formation burst, and then have evolved passively and undisturbed until the present day. Relics provide a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms of star formation at high-z.

Aims.INSPIRE is designed to spectroscopically confirm and fully characterise a large sample of relics, computing their number density in the redshift window 0.1 <  z <  0.5 for the first time, thus providing a benchmark for cosmological galaxy formation simulations. In this paper, we present the INSPIRE Data Release (DR1), comprising 19 systems with observations completed in 2020.

Methods. We use the methods already presented in the INSPIRE Pilot, but revisiting the 1D spectral extraction. For the 19 systems studied here, we obtain an estimate of the stellar velocity dispersion, fitting the two XSH arms (UVB and VIS) separately at their original spectral resolution to two spectra extracted in different ways. We estimate [Mg/Fe] abundances via line-index strength and mass-weighted integrated stellar ages and metallicities with full spectral fitting on the combined (UVB+VIS) spectrum.

Results. For each system, different estimates of the velocity dispersion always agree within the errors. Spectroscopic ages are very old for 13/19 galaxies, in agreement with the photometric ones, and metallicities are almost always (18/19) super-solar, confirming the mass–metallicity relation. The [Mg/Fe] ratio is also larger than solar for the great majority of the galaxies, as expected. We find that ten objects formed more than 75% of their stellar mass (M⋆) within 3 Gyr from the big bang and classify them as relics. Among these, we identify four galaxies that had already fully assembled their M⋆ by that time and are therefore ‘extreme relics’ of the ancient Universe. Interestingly, relics, overall, have a larger [Mg/Fe] and a more metal-rich stellar population. They also have larger integrated velocity dispersion values compared to non-relics (both ultra-compact and normal-size) of similar stellar mass.

Conclusions. The INSPIRE DR1 catalogue of ten known relics is the largest publicly available collection, augmenting the total number of confirmed relics by a factor of 3.3, and also enlarging the redshift window. The resulting lower limit for the number density of relics at 0.17 <  z <  0.39 is ρ ∼ 9.1 × 10−8 Mpc−3.
Mg2SiO4 particle aggregation aboard the ISS
Authors: Koch T. E. , Spahr D. , Merges D. , Winkler B. , Brenker F. E.
Published: August 2021

Context. Particle aggregation in the solar nebula played a major role in the framework of planet formation; for example, primitive meteorites and their components formed by different aggregation processes. These processes are still not completely understood.

Aims. Electrostatic forces probably influenced particle aggregation in the early Solar System. We developed an experiment that was carried out under long-term microgravity conditions aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to expand the knowledge of charge-influenced particle aggregation.

Methods. Aggregation of freely floating, elongated, angular, and polycrystalline Mg2SiO4-particles was observed under long-term microgravity conditions while being exposed to electric fields as well as low- and high-energy electric discharges.

Results. Nearly all of the particles formed an aggregate, which freely floated in the sample chamber prior to the discharge experiments. The aggregate was attracted by the electrodes and partly disintegrated by low-energy electric discharges. High-energy arc discharges accelerated the particles, which reassembled in chains parallel to the field lines of the subsequent electric field between the electrodes. A strong shape-preferred orientation of the longest grain axis parallel to the field lines was observed in the Mg2SiO4-particles. With increasing strength of the electric field, the particle chains narrowed, leading to the formation of a compact aggregate.

Conclusions. In microgravity conditions, electrostatic forces influence the aggregation process in terms of aggregate growth rate, morphology, packing density, and particle orientation. These observations help us to better understand the formation and compaction mechanism of early Solar System aggregates.
Earthquake-induced liquefaction in the coastal zone, Case of Martil city, Morocco
Authors: El Hilali Mohamed , Timoulali Youssef , Benyounes Taj , Ahniche Mohamed , El Bardai Rabie , Yattara Sahel
Published: August 2021

According to historical documents and Moroccan earthquakes catalogs, the coastal zone has suffered in the past from several earthquakes. Understanding how sedimentary basins respond to seismic-wave energy generated by earthquake events is a significant concern for seismic-hazard estimation and risk analysis. The main goal of this study is to determine the distribution of the natural frequency value (F), the amplification factor value (A), and the soil vulnerability index (Kg) were carried out as an indicator for liquefaction potential sites in the Martil city based on the microtremor measurements. Liquefaction assessment was done at 96 stations using the HVSR approach provided by Nakamura (1989). According to the analysis results, the predominant frequency values range from about 0.31 to 5.63 Hz, and the amplification factor values range from 3 to 15. Based on these parameters, the vulnerability index Kg is determined, which can be used as a parameter in calculating the liquefaction potential of an area. This study shows supporting evidence for the first time that the HVSR of microtremors can be an excellent alternative indicator for an area's potential for liquefaction.
Environmental management of coastal careers along the Doukkala-Abda linea
Authors: Remmal Toufik , Jounaid Halima , Amraoui Fouad
Published: August 2021

This study proposes an environmental management model for sand and gravel quarries along the coastline from Doukkala to Abda. It aims at the one hand; the creation of a regional database bringing together all the quarries to identify and characterize the materials exploited as well as the major impacts and risks associated with subsequent physiographic changes; and on the other hand to develop intervention mechanisms to prevent, reduce or even eliminate the harmful effects of abusive exploitation on the environment and public safety, while taking into account the specificities of the region.
Carob tree micropropagation essays (Ceratonia siliqua L.)
Authors: Nia Sara , Abid Malika , Belkoura Ilham
Published: August 2021

Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an agro-sylvo-pastoral species that has been classified among the most efficient trees. The first publications on the "in-vitro" multiplication of Carob are very recent and show conflicting results. Mastery of this technique seems necessary to provide the increased demand of the international market for the gum extracted from the endosperm of the seed, a polyoside called galactomannan. This work aimed to study micropropagation from adult tree micro cuttings. Our results showed that the most favorable disinfectant is HgCl2 with 93% surface sterile explants. Comparison of the effect of various hormones with different concentrations (BAP, Zeatin, GA3, TDZ, and ANA) has shown that the addition of BAP on MS medium gave a good response of axillary bud development (58,3%±6,42) while BAP supplemented with activated charcoal gave the best results (87,3%±4,23). As for rooting, the different alternatives of hormones types and concentrations must be later considered to initiate rooting of the buds.
Application of electrical Tomography for the hydrogeological study of the Fez-Taza corridor, Case of Bir Tam-Tam(Morocco)
Authors: Faiz Hassnae , Benslimane Anasse , Chibout Mohamed , El Mokhtar Mohamed , Faqihi Fatima Zahra , Chahid Youssef
Published: August 2021

The present work contributes to the multidisciplinary geological, hydrogeological, and geophysical exploration of groundwater in the Bir Tam-Tam region of the Fez-Taza corridor. Our main objective is to release water resources in our study area to supply drinking water in the region and irrigation of agricultural areas. Potential zones are located at the Lias fracturing zones. This study is interested in understanding the hydrogeological context of the study area through geophysical methods such as Electrical Tomography. The comparison of geological data, Drilling data, and the interpretation of the results of electrical Tomography have made it possible to highlight the geoelectric levels likely to constitute a potential aquifer and to locate possible structural accidents (faults) affecting the dolomitic limestone formations of Lias that could drain groundwater.
Effect of Eccentric Distance on Successive Dual-droplet Impacting a Super-hydrophobic Tube
Authors: Wang Kaimin , Chen Han , Liu Jiawei , Ge Hongyu , Liu Hongsheng , Liu Xiaohua
Published: August 2021

Droplet impact is a common but significant phenomenon in industry. The CLSVOF (coupled level set and volume-of-fluid) method is used to numerically study the successive dual-droplet impacting a super-hydrophobic tube. For the impact velocity of 1.0 m/s, the effect of the eccentric distance on dynamic characteristics is analysed, the corresponding eccentric distances are 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, respectively. In addition, the break-up during rebound is analysed with velocity field and pressure nephogram. Results show that, the eccentric distance hinders the spread during the initial period of spreading. With the increase in eccentric distance, more liquid gathers at the eccentric side and the liquid film might rebound easily without break-up under the same impact velocity. The break-up during rebound mainly depends on the local airflow and pressure difference. The high-pressure zone near the solid-liquid interface moves towards the eccentric side with the increase in eccentric distance.
Research on Real Surface Stability of Cone Bit Sliding Bearing Under Repeated Contact Condition
Authors: Li Wanzhong , Deng Chong , Xu Yingqiang , Sun Jian , Feng Yazhou , Zhu Duanyin
Published: August 2021

The cone bit is the most principal rock breaking tool in drilling engineering. The statistical analysis of field data shows that the early damage and failure of sliding bearing is one of the main reasons that affect the service life and performance of the cone bit in the real drilling process. Aiming at the complex working environment of cone bit sliding bearing with heavy load, high temperature and mixed lubrication, the paper establishes a multilevel line contact model of rough surface and carries out the finite element modeling and analysis from the perspective of contact mechanics. Then the Von Mises stress, Residual normal deformation and Inelastic dissipated energy are obtained under the different cycles of loading-unloading. The results show that with the increase of cycles of loading-unloading, the part of edge area of the line contact enters into elastic shakedown and the asperities in the central area occur irreversible plastic deformation, which has a significant influence on the stability of the sliding bearing of the cone bit.
Thermodynamics Study on Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange for Water Detritiation
Authors: Li Peilong , Chen Min , Zhang Zexuan , Luo Wenhua , Wen Ming , Zhang Xin , Yu Bin , Jiang Fei , Shi Yan , Song Jiangfeng
Published: August 2021

Liquid phase catalytic exchange (LPCE) is one of the key technologies for tritium removal of tritiated water, such as effluents from Fukushima nuclear power plant. Although former researchers have widely studied this process theoretically, the reported results differ from each other due to different assumptions and parameters adopted. In this work, the principle of Gibbs free energy minimization is applied, with only basic physical properties and no more other assumptions involved. The predictions of isotope exchange are more accurate, and the average error between calculation results and experimental data reduces from 4.45%~6.65% to 2.17%. Then the catalytic exchange behaviors are systematically investigated in the protium-deuterium (H-D) system, and the influence of the cascade processes are emphatically analyzed. The method established in this paper could be applied to catalytic exchange systems for tritium separation, which is essential for the development of water detritiation.
Experimental Study on Bubble Acoustic Characteristics of Elliptical Nozzles
Authors: Cong Shanhao , Liu Jingting
Published: August 2021

Bubble acoustic signals were reported experimentally using five different nozzles with the same exit cross-sections. The bubble morphology was captured by a home-made experiment setup, which could synchronously obtain images of two perpendicular directions. Short-Time Fourier Transform and synchronization of video and audio were adopted to analyse the acoustic signal. Results demonstrated that the sound pressure of symmetrical bubble formation was higher than that of asymmetrical bubble formation, while the sound pressure of asymmetrical bubble formation was higher than that of the bubble with an unapparent necking fracture detached from the nozzle of the aspect ratio is 4:1. Furthermore, the last bubble of bubble chains would change the shape and decay rate of the acoustic signal due to the difference in the period of bubble formation. These studies can provide more effective information to predict the leaks from undersea gas pipelines, seabed methane reserves, and carbon capture and storage facilities.
Multi-objective Interval Optimization of Virtual Power Plant Considering the Uncertainty of Source and Load
Authors: Han Shuai , Sun Leping , Guo Xiaoxuan , Lu Jianbin
Published: August 2021

As the proportion of electric vehicles and distributed power sources connected to the power grid continues to increase, virtual power plants provide new ideas for effectively solving electric vehicles and distributed power sources connected to the grid. Considering that there are obvious uncertainties in the number of dispatchable electric vehicles and the output of distributed power sources, this paper focuses on the multi-objective interval optimization problem of virtual power plants considering the uncertainty of source load. Based on the analysis of the virtual power plant architecture, aiming at the uncertainty of the source load, a multi-objective interval optimization model of the virtual power plant was established using the interval number theory; in order to verify the validity of the established model, a virtual power plant in a certain area was selected as an example for analysis. The results show that the uncertainty of distributed power sources and electric vehicles can be better avoided in the interval optimization process, and the proposed scheme has strong robustness.
Evaluation of Water Resources Vulnerability in the Coastal Areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea under Seawater Intrusion——A case study of Longkou City, Shandong Province
Authors: Qiu Lei , Cao Ying , Huang Jingyi
Published: August 2021

In view of the increased vulnerability of water resources system caused by seawater intrusion in the coastal areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, this paper based on the VSD(Vulnerability Scoping Diagram) model to construct the water resource vulnerability evaluation index system of “exposure-sensitivity-adaptive capacity” under seawater intrusion. Then use entropy-TOPSIS method to evaluate water resource vulnerability and divide the levels. In addition, take Longkou City of Shandong Province as an example to conduct empirical research. The results show that the water resource vulnerability of Longkou City is at a strong vulnerability level. The water resources system is under obvious pressure. Population density, per capita GDP, temperature and precipitation change are the main factors of the system pressure. Seawater intrusion has a high degree of impact on water resources vulnerability and water resource system is more sensitive to groundwater level, chloride concentration and other stimuli. The improvement of water use efficiency and scientific and technological investment contribute to the significant enhancement of the adaptability of the water resources system of Longkou City.
Based on Prospect Theory Regional Integrated Energy Electric Vehicle Scheduling Model
Authors: Li Shufeng , Yao Qiang , Xu Zhankun , Gao Jianwei , Yang Yu
Published: August 2021

Regional comprehensive energy is the focus of current research, and electric vehicles are an important part of regional energy. The orderly participation of regional EV groups in demand response for optimal scheduling of charge and discharge can not only save the charging cost of EV owners, but also smooth the load fluctuation caused by EV charging. In this paper, an Integrated Energy Electric Vehicle Scheduling Model Based on Prospect Theory is proposed. Firstly, the optimal charging and discharging strategy of each Electric Vehicle is obtained Based on the price demand response Model. Secondly, a decision-making method of participation willingness based on the prospect theory is proposed to consider the risk bias of EV owners. Finally, a case study is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with electric vehicles participating in random charging, the optimization model proposed in this paper reduces the cost by 32% and the average hourly load by 67%.
Propagation Properties of an Astigmatic Cos-Gaussian Beam through Turbulent Atmosphere
Authors: Zhu Kaicheng , Ma Xiaolei , Gao Chang , Ren Dengjuan , Zhu Jie
Published: August 2021

We use the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral to investigate the propagation properties of a cos-Gaussian beam (cosGB) with astigmatism in atmospheric turbulence. The intensity distribution behaviour along the propagation distance for an astigmatic cosGB in atmospheric turbulence are analytically and numerically demonstrated. Some novel phenomena are presented graphically, indicating that the intensity distribution and the on-axial intensity closely depend on the astigmatic parameter and the turbulent structure constant of the cosGBs in the atmospheric turbulence.
Research Progress of the Effects of Trace S Element on the Microstructure of Cast Nickel-base Superalloys
Authors: Liu Chenguang , Xu Huan , Zhang Hui , Liu Peiyuan , Yang Gong , Cui Lili , Wang Haiwen
Published: August 2021

In the process of alloy melting and vacuum pouring, the impurity S element will inevitably be introduced into the nickel-base superalloys, which will cause adverse effects on the microstructure and properties of the cast nickel-base superalloys. In this paper, the research progress of S element in cast nickel-base superalloys is summarized. The effects of S element on the microstructure are described in detail from experimental researches and first-principles. The reasons for the grain boundary embrittlement caused by S atom are discussed, and the authors wish to provide some references for the better development of cast nickel-base superalloys.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown and Atmospheric Circulation on the Air Quality in Wuhan During Early 2020
Authors: Xie Youyong , Zhi Xiefei
Published: August 2021

Previous studies indicated that the air quality was improved in Wuhan during COVID-19 lockdown. However, the impact of atmospheric general circulation on the changes of air quality has not been taken into account. The present study aims to discuss the improvement of air quality in Wuhan and its possible reasons during COVID-19 lockdown. The results showed that all air pollutants except O3decreased in Wuhan during early 2020. The occurrence days of A, C, W and NW types’ circulation pattern during early 2020 are more than those during the same period of 1979-2020. The occurrence days of SW type’s circulation pattern is slightly less than those during early 1979-2020. With more occurrence days of these dominant atmospheric circulation patterns, the number of polluted days could rise in Wuhan during early 2020. Nevertheless, this scenario didn’t occur. The COVID-19 lockdown did improve the air quality in Wuhan during early 2020.
The Performance Research and Orthogonal Analysis of Humidification-dehumidification Technology (HDH) System
Authors: Ge Hongyu , Cai Yisong , Li Sitong , Wang Kaimin , Liu Xiaohua
Published: August 2021

HDH seawater desalination technology has characteristics of flexible scale, small investment, and suitable for decentralized fresh water demand. This paper designs a HDH seawater desalination system, and based on the principles of energy conservation and mass conservation, a theoretical calculation model is established, and the influence of spray liquid flow and temperature, airflow, cooling water temperature and flow on the system water production and Gained output ration (GOR) is studied. And the orthogonal analysis method is used to study the influence of different parameters on water production and GOR. The results show that: water production and GOR are positively related to temperature of the spray liquid, when spray liquid or air flow is large, fresh water output is negatively correlated with air flow, system water production and cooling water flow are positively correlated at first, then system fresh water production tends to be stable, GOR and cooling water flow are first negatively correlated, and then GOR become stable, water production is negatively correlated with cooling water temperature, GOR is positively correlated with cooling water temperature. The spray liquid flow rate has the greatest influence on water production, and spray liquid temperature has the greatest influence on GOR.
Petroleum Resource Exploration System: As the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Wang Yang , Yang Yongqiang , Luo Jiaqiang , Chen Bateer
Published: August 2021

Bohai Bay Basin is a hot area for research marine petroleum. Petroleum System is an important method to study petroleum. However, facing on more complicated middle-high graded petroleum exploration area, formerly elements of the Petroleum System are not enough to cover all factors. Hydrocarbon was controlled by main migration path, additionally the complicated mechanism and controlling factors in a formed oil-gas pool are carefully considered. We put “track down (oil-gas reservoir) by following clues (the main migration path of petroleum)” based on the Dongying Depression data, and drill the best of all targets for oil-gas reservoir on the condition of revealing oil resource. The venture of petroleum exploration can be reduced farthest, and the benefit of petroleum exploration can be increased farthest by the method.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow over Wavy Wall with Different Wave Steepness
Authors: Zhang Enwei , Wang Xiaoliang , Liu Qingquan
Published: August 2021

Large-eddy simulation (LES) with dynamic one-equation subgrid-scale stress model was utilized to study the characteristics of turbulent flow over sea-surface generalized as two-dimensional wavy wall with different wave steepness. The statistical characteristics of turbulent field and pressure distribution were presented in detail. The simulation results showed that the separation zones induce stronger convection as the wave steepness increases. Reynolds shear stress near the wall boundary showed positive correlation with the wave steepness, while in the outer region, time-averaged turbulent fields seemed to be insensitive with the wall boundary. The equivalent velocity profiles obtained from the spatial averaging of the time-averaged velocity indicated that lower velocity occurred as the increase of wave steepness due to the increased pressure-induced form drag. The vortex structures were also visualized and showed vertically-bent characteristics which induced negative Reynolds shear stress at the stoss side as the increase of wave steepness that is equivalent to the effect of wave age.
Evidenzbasierter Hufbeschlag – Wie lässt sich die Fußung
beeinflussen?
Authors: Hagen Jenny
Published: August 2021

Das Bewegungsmuster des Pferdes ist von zahlreichen Faktoren abhängig. In
diesem 2. Teil zum evidenzbasierten Hufbeschlag erhalten Sie einen
Überblick über aktuelle wissenschaftliche Studien, die sich mit
dem Einfluss von Hufzubereitung und Hufbeschlag auf das Fußungsmuster
des Pferdes beschäftigen.
Arzneisymptome unter homöopathischer Behandlung
Authors: Reis Stefan
Published: August 2021

Vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Erweiterung der homöopathischen Materia medica durch Verlaufsbeobachtungen in der Praxis. Anhand von 2 Praxisbeispielen wird diskutiert, unter welchen Voraussetzungen neu auftretende Symptome als pathogenetisch zu identifizieren sind.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Dual-Layer Spectral CT Using Electron Density Images to Detect Post-Traumatic Prevertebral Hematoma of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Sedaghat Sam , Langguth Patrick , Larsen Naomi , Campbell Graeme , Both Marcus , Jansen Olav
Published: August 2021

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) in detecting posttraumatic prevertebral hematoma of the cervical spine by including electron density images.

Methods 38 patients with post-traumatic imaging of the cervical spine were included in this study and received both SDCT and MRI examinations. MRI was set as the reference and combined conventional/electron density (C + ED) images were compared to conventional CT (CCT) images alone.

Results A total of 18 prevertebral hematomas were identified. Reader 1 identified 14 of 18 and reader 2 15 of 18 prevertebral hematomas by using C + ED reconstructions. Readers 1 and 2 detected 6 and 9 of 18 hematomas on CCT, respectively. CCT showed a sensitivity of 33–50 % and a specificity of 75–80 %, while for C + ED reconstructed images the sensitivity was 77–83 % and the specificity was 85–90 %. Accuracy increased from 55–66 % to 84 % by using C + ED images. The minimum thickness for detecting hematoma on C + ED images was 3 mm. The sizes of prevertebral hematoma on CCT/C + ED were not significantly under- or overestimated compared to the MRI reference. There was a significant difference between the two readers for measuring hematoma sizes on CCT (p = 0.04). Readers showed an excellent inter-rater reliability (kappa = 0.82) for C + ED images and a moderative inter-rater reliability (kappa = 0.44) for CCT.

Conclusion With SDCT, the diagnostic accuracy for detecting post-traumatic prevertebral hematoma is improved by using combined conventional and electron density reconstructions compared to conventional images alone.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede aggressiven Verhaltens und der Anwendung von Zwangsmaßnahmen bei stationär psychiatrischen Patienten und Patientinnen
Authors: Ketelsen Regina , Fernando Silvia , Driessen Martin
Published: August 2021

Ziel der Studie In einer klinischen Gesamtpopulation aller vollstationären Behandlungsfälle werden geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede über 15 Jahre bei fremdaggressivem Verhalten und Zwangsmaßnahmen (ZM) überprüft.

Methodik Aggressive Ereignisse werden mit der Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R) und ZM mit einem hierzu entwickelten Erfassungsbogen von 2005–2019 standardisiert erfasst und retrospektiv hinsichtlich geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschiede ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse 82 833 vollstationäre Behandlungsfälle (Männer: 55,3 %; Frauen: 44,7 %) gingen in die Untersuchung ein. Während des Erhebungszeitraums wurden 60,1 % der erfassten Ereignisse durch Patienten und 39,9 % durch Patientinnen verübt, allerdings war auf Fallebene das Risiko für das Auftreten aggressiven Verhaltens für Männer und Frauen vergleichbar (Odds Ratio: 1,1). Im SOAS-R wiesen Frauen signifikant schwerwiegendere aggressive Handlungen auf, nach subjektiver Einschätzung durch Mitarbeitende werden aber aggressive Vorfälle von Männern schwerer eingestuft. Diese erhielten zudem signifikant mehr und länger andauernde ZM als Frauen.

Schlussfolgerung Das subjektive Erleben aggressiven Verhaltens durch Mitarbeitende könnte dazu beitragen, dass ZM bei Patienten signifikant häufiger und länger eingesetzt werden.
Five-Membered-Ring-Fused Tacrines as Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Agents
Authors: Carreiras Maria do Carmo , Marco-Contelles José
Published: August 2021

Our endeavors in the design, synthesis, and biological assessment of five-membered-ring-fused tacrines as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease are summarized. Particularly, we have identified racemic 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-5-amine, a pyranopyrazolotacrine, as having the best nontoxic profile at the highest concentrations used (300 μM); this allows cell viability, is less hepatotoxic than tacrine, and is a potent noncompetitive AChE inhibitor (IC50 = 1.52 ± 0.49 μM). It is able to completely inhibit the EeAChE-induced Aβ1–40 aggregation in a statistically significant manner without affecting the Aβ1–40 self-aggregation at 25 μM, and shows strong neuroprotective effects (EC50 = 0.82 ± 0.17 μM).

1 Introduction

2 Furo-, Thieno-, and Pyrrolotacrines

3 Pyrazolo-, Oxazolo-, and Isoxazolotacrines

4 Indolotacrines

5 Pyrano- and Pyridopyrazolotacrines

6 Conclusions and Outlook
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Giant Perianal Epidermoid
Authors: Patil Aruna Raman , Bansal Amit , Chakma Nilotpal , Bhat Ravishankar , Shivakumar Swarna
Published: August 2021

Perianal epidermoid cyst is a rare entity and is commonly diagnosed late owing to its slow-growing nature. Imaging plays a vital role in diagnosis and differentiation from other cysts such as dermoid, tailgut, and rectal duplication cysts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality as uncomplicated cases show typical signal changes. Diffusion-weighted imaging has a definite additional role. We report a case of a giant perianal epidermoid diagnosed on MRI and successfully managed surgically.
Biomechanical Comparison of Dart-Throw Motions after Partial Wrist Fusions
Authors: Oluyede Dami O. , Werner Frederick W. , Esper Garrett , Schreck Michael
Published: August 2021

Background Multiple partial wrist fusions exist for the management of arthritic disease. Limited information is available on their effect on wrist range of motion in the dart-throwing direction of wrist motion, even though it is used in most activities of daily living.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to measure the retained motion for different orientations of dart-throwing motion for seven different partial wrist fusions and proximal row carpectomy (PRC).

Methods Eight fresh frozen right cadavers were tested with the wrist intact and followed simulated fusions. Fusions were performed using an external fixation technique and included scaphocapitate, scapholunate (SL), capitolunate, radiolunate, radioscapholunate, scaphotrapeziotrapezoid, 4 corner fusion, and PRC.

Results In the intact wrist, the average arc of wrist motion with the wrist oriented at 20 degrees away from the flexion-extension axis was significantly larger than at any other orientation of motion. All partial wrist fusions and the PRC had significantly smaller average dart-throw arc of motion compared with intact at an orientation 20 and 25 degrees away from flexion-extension. The SL fusion provided a significantly larger arc of motion than most of the other fusions at most orientations.

Conclusion/Clinical Relevance This study provides a comprehensive compilation of the range of motion in a functional plane, “the dart-throw motion,” for limited wrist fusions and PRC. These data provide the clinician with important information that can be used to educate patients regarding expectations after surgery.
Electron ratcheting in self-assembled soft matter
Authors: Valdiviezo Jesús , Zhang Peng , Beratan David N.
Published: August 2021

Ratcheted multi-step hopping electron transfer systems can plausibly produce directional charge transport over very large distances without requiring a source–drain voltage bias. We examine molecular strategies to realize ratcheted charge transport based on multi-step charge hopping, and we illustrate two ratcheting mechanisms with examples based on DNA structures. The charge transport times and currents that may be generated in these assemblies are also estimated using kinetic simulations. The first ratcheting mechanism described for nanoscale systems requires local electric fields on the 109 V/m scale to realize nearly 100% population transport. The second ratcheting mechanism for even larger systems, based on electrochemical gating, is estimated to generate currents as large as 0.1 pA for DNA structures that are a few μm in length with a gate voltage of about 5 V, a magnitude comparable to currents measured in DNA wires at the nanoscale when a source–drain voltage bias of similar magnitude is applied, suggesting an approach to considerably extend the distance range over which DNA charge transport devices may operate.
Extended channel Hall thruster for air-breathing electric propulsion
Authors: Marchioni Francesco , Cappelli Mark A.
Published: August 2021

Air-breathing electric propulsion is a promising concept that may allow sustained access to very low earth orbit by guaranteeing continuous drag compensation through in situ harvesting of propellant. For earth observation, such low orbits benefit image resolution and reduce signal latency and transmission power requirements, easing link budgets. Moreover, not having to carry typical electrostatic thruster propellants such as xenon and tanks positively impact overall mission costs. However, the low molecular mass and high first ionization energies of principal atmospheric constituents hinder efficient thruster operation and result in strongly degraded performance. In this study, we examine the performance of an extended channel Hall thruster design for air-breathing operations. An extended channel compensates for the reduced residence times of lighter neutrals. The longer channel, coupled with an extended radial magnetic field region, allows for an increased length of the ionization zone, enhancing molecular ionization probability. Here, we present direct thrust measurements of this thruster operating with a pure nitrogen flow. Analysis of the results show performance in the 500–800 W anode power range, with thrust, specific impulse, and total thrust efficiency ranging from 17 to 22 mN, 1000 to 1100 s, and 14% to 18%, respectively, with a constant 2 mg/s pure molecular nitrogen propellant flow. Performance tends to degrade with increased voltage, suggesting increased contributions of electron-molecule kinetics to performance losses, contrary to what is typically seen in the Hall thrusters operating with propellants such as xenon.