bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAP1, a target of miR‐144/451, negatively regulates erythroid differentiation and enucleation
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Chao Ruihua , Zhang Yanyang , Wang Pengxiang , Gong Xueping , Liang Dongli , Wang Yuan
Published: January 2021

The exact molecular mechanism underlying erythroblast enucleation has been a fundamental biological question for decades. In this study, we found that miR‐144/451 critically regulated erythroid differentiation and enucleation. We further identified CAP1, a G‐actin‐binding protein, as a direct target of miR‐144/451 in these processes. During terminal erythropoiesis, CAP1 expression declines along with gradually increased miR‐144/451 levels. Enforced CAP1 up‐regulation inhibits the formation of contractile actin rings in erythroblasts and prevents their terminal differentiation and enucleation. Our findings reveal a negative regulatory role of CAP1 in miR‐144/451‐mediated erythropoiesis and thus shed light on how microRNAs fine‐tune terminal erythroid development through regulating actin dynamics.
Environmental and economic implications of stormwater management alternatives in rural development
Authors: Peterson Lisa A. , Awerbuch Patricia M. , Spatari Sabrina
Published: January 2021

Floodplain restoration as a means of stormwater management (SWM) can benefit communities and the environment but is uncommonly chosen due to limited familiarity in rural and urban planning. This study uses life cycle assessment and life cycle costing (LCC) to compare four SWM alternatives for a typical rural setting undergoing development. We evaluate a case study in Lancaster County, PA in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed which, through community stakeholder planning, undertook a novel SWM plan by restoring its historic floodplain. We evaluate the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) metrics, global warming (GW), eutrophication and acidification and cost for each alternative over a 100‐year period of analysis including construction, maintenance, and end‐of‐life decommissioning. Assuming a 5% discount rate, and that soils do not require off‐site hauling due to contamination, the cost and LCIA metrics for floodplain restoration are not significantly higher than the more conventional surface basin alternative. Although LCC is highly sensitive to the transport of soil off‐site, more than doubling the costs for the underground stormwater infiltration basin (USIB) and increasing eightfold the cost for the floodplain restoration, contaminated soil removal is rarely needed on rural land. For USIB, LCIA metrics are sensitive to the choice of recycling versus incinerating plastic components, with recycling resulting in lower GW; and for the permeable pavement alternative, additional maintenance to extend its lifetime shows favorable cost and reduced GW. We conclude that in rural settings where soil is not contaminated, floodplain restoration offers environmental and social benefits for SWM that outweigh its costs.
Impact of consumer animosity, boycott participation, boycott motivation, and product judgment on purchase readiness or aversion of Kurdish consumers in Iraq
Authors: Ali Bayad Jamal
Published: January 2021

This study aims to investigate the impact of Turkish–Kurdish political relations on Kurdish consumers' behavior toward Turkish products. The following variables were included as predictors: consumer animosity, boycott participation, boycott motivation, and product judgment. An online survey was conducted to collect the data; it attracted 1,100 participants. Seven hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and structural equation modeling. The study findings show that consumer animosity has a significant impact on boycott participation, motivation, and product judgment. Purchase readiness is significantly affected by product judgment and boycott participation. Purchase aversion is significantly impacted by boycott participation and boycott motivation. This study gives insight into a conflict that has not been previously covered; to the best of our knowledge, it is the first to examine the consumers' perspective on the on the Turkish–Kurdish conflict.
Healthcare professionals' views of a new second‐level nursing associate role: A qualitative study exploring early implementation in an acute setting
Authors: Lucas Grace , Brook Judy , Thomas Tamara , Daniel Dionne , Ahmet Leyla , Salmon Debra
Published: January 2021

Aim

The study aimed to establish the views of a range of stakeholders about their experiences of the newly implemented nursing associate role in England and its potential to contribute to patient care.

Background

Second‐level nursing roles are increasingly used internationally within the healthcare workforce. In response to registered nurse workforce deficits, a new nursing associate role has been introduced in England to augment care provided by registered nurses and enable career progression of support workers.

Design

Qualitative descriptive design.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews and a focus group were conducted with a range of healthcare professionals in a large inner city acute secondary care healthcare organisation in England. Interviews were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and analysed using Framework Analysis. The study was reported according to COREQ guidelines.

Results

33 healthcare professionals were interviewed—directors of nursing, ward managers, nursing associates and multidisciplinary team members. Participants perceived the role was broadly adaptable to different healthcare settings and provided a positive professional development mechanism for healthcare support workers. Managers felt training commitments made implementing the role complex and costly. Participants argued the role had limitations, particularly with intravenous medicine management. Implementation was impeded by rapid pace and consequent lack of clear communication and planning.

Conclusions

The nursing associate role was perceived as an inclusive pathway into nursing but with limitations when working with high‐acuity patients. Further evaluation is needed to investigate how the role has embedded over time.

Relevance to clinical practice

The role should be seen as both a stepping stone into registered nursing positions and valued as part of the nursing workforce. Consideration must be given to how the role can be safely implemented in different settings. Findings have relevance to healthcare leaders internationally, who continue to work in a climate of economic pressure and staffing shortages.
Anxiety and its association with perceived stress and insomnia among nurses fighting against COVID‐19 in Wuhan: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Shen Yue , Zhan Yuxin , Zheng Hong , Liu Huan , Wan Yonghui , Zhou Wei
Published: January 2021

Aims and Objectives

To investigate the present status of anxiety among nurses fighting the spread of COVID‐19 and its association with perceived stress and insomnia.

Background

With the outbreak of COVID‐19, nurses have been caring for infected patients for a considerable length of time in Wuhan, China. Previous COVID‐19 studies generally focused on patients' medical treatment, but few considered healthcare workers' psychological needs while working with a pandemic involving an unfamiliar infectious disease. Numerous nurses have experienced mental health problems, such as anxiety.

Design

The STROBE guidelines for a cross‐sectional questionnaire were implemented.

Methods

An online survey of 643 frontline nurses working with COVID‐19‐infected patients was conducted from 3–10 March 2020. Sociodemographic data were collected, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale and the Athens Insomnia Scale were administered.

Results

One‐third (33.4%) of participants reported anxiety, which was associated with perceived stress and insomnia among Chinese frontline nurses in Wuhan during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Significant associations were found between anxiety, perceived stress, insomnia, working four‐night shifts per week, experience working during more than two epidemics and fear of COVID‐19.

Conclusions

This study found that a substantial proportion of frontline nurses caring for COVID‐19‐infected patients experienced anxiety. We recommend that nurse managers focus on working conditions and cultivate safe and satisfactory work environments. Meanwhile, frontline nurses should foster awareness of mental health and rely on online resources for psychological training to alleviate anxiety.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings of this study could facilitate better understanding of anxiety among frontline nurses; more importantly, healthcare authorities and nursing managers need to pay more attention to ensuring intervention training to reduce anxiety for frontline nurses worldwide.
Are Syrian refugees at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes? A comparison study in a tertiary center in Turkey
Authors: Vural Tayfun , Gölbaşı Ceren , Bayraktar Burak , Gölbaşı Hakan , Yıldırım Alkım G. Ş.
Published: January 2021

Objective

In this study, we aim to compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes between Turkish citizens and Syrian refugees who applied to a tertiary center in Izmir.

Materials and Methods

Demographic characteristics, obstetric and neonatal outcomes of 8103 Syrian refugee pregnant women and 47 151 Turkish citizen pregnant women between January 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively compared. Our primary aim was to compare the cesarean rates and obstetrical results between two groups and to decide antenatal care secondarily.

Results

Syrian refugee pregnant women are statistically younger (p < 0.001), mean pregnancy duration and mean birth weight is statistically lower (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Adolescent pregnancy rates, preterm birth rates and anemia are statistically higher in refugee group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Primary cesarean section rates, combined and triple screening tests application rates, gestational diabetes screening rates are meaningfully lower in refugee group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Syrian refugees are at risk for inadequate antenatal care, adolescent pregnancy, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, care should be given to these risks during pregnancy and childbirth to Syrian refugees.
The Turkish validity and reliability study of the London measure of unplanned pregnancy
Authors: Altiparmak Sümeyye , Yilmaz Ayşe N. , Aksoy Derya Yeşim
Published: January 2021

Aim

This study aims to adapt the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) developed by Barrett et al. to Turkish by checking its validity and reliability.

Method

The sample of this methodological study consisted of 596 pregnant women who were referred to the antenatal outpatient clinics of a public hospital in eastern Turkey. Data were collected from those who agreed to participate in the study, by using a personal information form and the six‐item LMUP. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0 statistical package programs, and statistically assessed using descriptive statistics such as number, percentage, mean and SD, language and content validity, explanatory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's α reliability coefficient, and test–retest analysis.

Results

The EFA revealed that the Turkish version of the LMUP consisted of five items and one factor. The items' factor loadings were above 0.30, and explained 68.89% of the total variance. The CFA supported the one‐factor structure of the scale, which was revealed by the EFA. As a result of the CFA, the fit indices were found to be very good. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was determined as 0.90.

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the LMUP is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate unplanned pregnancy.
Mobile photographic screening for dental caries in children: Diagnostic performance compared to unaided visual dental examination
Authors: Estai Mohamed , Kanagasingam Yogesan , Mehdizadeh Maryam , Vignarajan Janardhan , Norman Richard , Huang Boyen , Spallek Heiko , Irving Michelle , Arora Amit , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: January 2021

Objectives

This study was conducted to compare the use of intraoral photographs with the unaided visual dental examination as a means of dental caries detection in children.

Methods

Children aged 4‐ to 14‐year‐olds were visually examined at their schools. Following dental examinations, children had five photographs of their teeth taken using a smartphone camera. Four dental reviewers, who are different from those who visually examined the children, assessed intraoral photographs for dental caries. Sensitivity, specificity, and inter‐rater reliability agreement were estimated to assess the diagnostic performance of the photographic method relative to the benchmark visual dental assessments. Caries prevalence was measured using dft/DFT (decayed and filled teeth) index.

Results

One hundred thirty‐eight children (67 male and 71 female) were enrolled and had a mean age of 7.8 ± 2.1 years. The caries prevalence (dft/DFT > 0) using photographic dental assessments ranged from 30 percent to 39 percent but was not significantly different from the prevalence (42 percent) estimated with the visual dental examination (P ≥ 0.07). The sensitivity and specificity of the photographic method for detection of dental caries compared to visual dental assessments were 58–80 percent and 99.7–99.9 percent, respectively. The sensitivity for the photographic assessments was high in the primary dentition (63–82 percent) and children ≤7‐year‐olds (67–78 percent). The inter‐rater reliability for the photographic assessment versus the benchmark ranged from substantial to almost perfect agreement (Kappa = 0.72–0.87).

Conclusions

The photographic approach to dental screening, used within the framework of its limitations, yielded an acceptable diagnostic level of caries detection, particularly in younger children with primary dentition.
Retracted: Mycobacterium bovis BCG Danish Strain 1331 isolated from a periarticular lesion in a domestic cat
Authors: Manou M. , Milgram J. , Kelly P. , Hoey S. , Kenny K. , Warde S. , Kirby B.
Published: January 2021

A 7‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthair outdoor cat was referred for chronic left forelimb lameness, which had been treated with intra‐articular injections of triamcinolone acetonide. A soft tissue swelling around the elbow joint, extending from the distal humerus to the proximal ulna, was surgically explored and biopsy samples obtained. Mycobacterium bovis was cultured from samples from the soft tissue and bone. The mycobacteria from the media were killed and the DNA extracted and tested on a multiplex real‐time PCR for the absence of specific genes and the presence of mycobacterial genus markers. The PCR revealed bacillus Calmette‐Guérin Danish Strain 1331; this was also isolated from the prescapular lymph node, muscle and bone, obtained at post mortem examination. Badgers had been vaccinated with the bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccine SSI (Statens Serum Institute) in the area where the cat lived, in the spring and autumn of the previous year. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of infection with M. bovis bacillus Calmette‐Guérin Danish Strain 1331 in a domestic cat, potentially associated with annual vaccination of badgers in the proximity of the cat's home.
Folic acid supplementation does not decrease stillbirths and congenital malformations in a guide dog colony
Authors: Gonzales K. L. , Famula T. R. , Feng L. C. , Power H. M. N. , Bullis J. M.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

To investigate if maternal folic acid supplementation (5 mg) is associated with a reduction of cleft palates, umbilical hernias, stillbirths and caesarean sections in a guide dog breeding colony.

Materials and Methods

Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers and Labrador/golden Crosses from the breeding colony of a professional guide dog training organisation were eligible for inclusion. Dams in the treatment group (n = 137) received 5 mg oral folic acid supplementation daily from the start of pro‐oestrous through day 40 of gestation. A historical control group (n = 134) was selected from the previous calendar year for comparison. A logistic regression model identified the relative risk of disease (cleft palates, umbilical hernias, stillbirths and caesarean sections) for puppies whose dams did or did not receive folic acid supplementation.

Results

A total of 1917 puppies (890 control, 1027 treatment; from 294 litters) were produced during the entire study period, with 994 puppies (494 control, 500 treatment; from 144 litters) born to the subset of dams (n = 72) who produced litters during both the control and treatment periods. All 95% highest posterior densities of relative risk included 1.0, failing to detect differences between the treatment and control groups on incidence rate of cleft palate (control: 2.25%; treatment: 2.34%), umbilical hernias (control: 1.91%; treatment: 3.12%), stillbirths (control: 3.26%; treatment: 2.92%) and caesarean sections (control: 1.45%; treatment: 1.28%).

Clinical Significance

There was no observable reduction of cleft palate, umbilical hernia, stillbirth or caesarean section associated with folic acid supplementation during pregnancy in the study colony. For a domestic dog cohort with a low tendency of hereditary malformations, such as this study colony, 5 mg dietary folic acid supplementation should not be expected to drastically improve or eradicate these diseases.
Low test–retest reliability of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale within a substantial short time frame
Authors: Rozgonyi Renáta , Dombi István , Janszky József , Kovács Norbert , Faludi Béla
Published: January 2021

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a widely used, validated questionnaire for effectively examining patients’ sleepiness in a range of different situations. Test–retest reliability is an important aspect of a questionnaire, which, according to only a few studies, was found to be low in the case of the ESS. All these studies applied long intervals between the tests, thereby increasing the possibility of fundamental change in circumstances, which in turn affect the reliability of the test. The aim of the present study was to investigate the test–retest reliability of the ESS in a short time frame to provide stability of the test circumstances. We also compared the originally used and current accepted statistical methods of test–retest evaluation. We examined 100 unselected patients consecutively referred to the sleep laboratory with the ESS questionnaire, using a test–retest paradigm with an interval of 1 h between two ESS tests. The Lin's concordance coefficient was found to be low, whereas the Pearson's correlation revealed good reliability. Our result provides evidence on the poor test–retest reliability of the ESS, despite the examination protocol excluding changes in test circumstances.
Protein requirement in the diet of Heros severus (Heckel, 1840): An Amazonian ornamental fish
Authors: de Sousa Jonathan A. , Bazilio Diego B. B. , da Costa Rauquírio A. A. M. , Brabo Marcos F. , Campelo Daniel A. V. , Nunes Zélia M. P. , Veras Galileu C.
Published: January 2021

Two experiments to determine the crude protein (CP) requirement of Heros severus were performed. Five isocaloric (3,200 kcal kg−1 of digestible energy) diets containing five levels of CP (28, 32, 36, 40, and 44%) were evaluated. In the first, 75 fingerlings were distributed among 15 aquaria (30 L). In the second experiment, 100 juveniles were distributed among 20 aquaria (50 L). A quadratic effect on weight gain, specific growth rate for weight and for length, feed intake, feed conversion, body proteins, body lipids, and ash content of fingerlings occurred with increasing dietary CP, with optimum values estimated at 41.86, 40.30, 40.97, 39.60, 43.55, 40.64, 37.77, and 37.50% of CP, respectively. A linear effect on protein efficiency ratio of fingerlings occurred with increasing dietary CP. A quadratic effect on weight gain, specific growth rate for weight, feed conversion, hepatosomatic index, and body lipids of the juveniles were observed with increasing dietary CP, with optimum values estimated at 37.03, 37.20, 38.40, 35.13, 38.78, and 34,74% of CP, respectively. A linear effect on feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and viscerosomatic index of juveniles occurred with increasing dietary CP. Blood glucose and hematocrit had lower values in juveniles fed a low level of CP.
Mariculture research of Macrocystis pyrifera and Saccharina latissima in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Stekoll Michael S. , Peeples Tamsen N. , Raymond Ann E. T.
Published: January 2021

There has been increasing interest in Alaska regarding the commercial mariculture of kelp. Kelp farming can be an economic engine for coastal communities of Alaska. Other benefits include ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration and mitigation of eutrophication. In support of this interest, several kelp species have been examined for commercial potential. In the 1980s–1990s, experiments were performed on the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Female gametophytes were exposed to varying levels of chelated iron. Relatively low levels of chelated iron (1–5 μM) stimulated the onset of oogenesis. In contrast, higher iron concentrations inhibited egg production. Outplant experiments with Macrocystis in Sitka, AK showed growth in the winter and spring, slowing down to zero growth by the end of summer. Fertilizing outplants in August allowed plants to survive and grow during the ensuing winter. Mariculture experiments with Saccharina latissima carried out near Juneau, Alaska showed exponential growth for seeded lines set out from September to March. Optimal growth occurred for outplants in October–November, with growth rates of up to 5% per day. The best growth occurred when lines were 2–3 m below the surface. Growth rates declined in May–June corresponding to a decrease in inorganic nitrogen in the water. Slower growth also resulted in severe fouling.
Acceptance of insect meal in aquaculture feeding: A stakeholder analysis for the Italian supply chains of trout and seabass
Authors: Mulazzani Luca , Madau Fabio A. , Pulina Pietro , Malorgio Giulio
Published: January 2021

Insect meal could represent an option for partial replacement of fishmeal, the quantity and price of which are a constraint to the expansion of aquaculture. In this article, the acceptance of insect meal as a feed component among Italian farmers of trout and seabass is investigated and discussed. Semi‐structured interviews have been conducted with farmers, feed producers, and insect‐meal producers. Then, a deductive thematic analysis has been carried out to understand which of the different variables characterizing farming structures and marketing channels can affect the choice of feed products and, as a consequence, the acceptance of insect meals. The information collected suggests to differentiate two levels of insights: the first concerns plain economic evaluation in what could be considered a standardized or theoretical environment, and is mainly related to the feed price and the feed conversion ratio. The second level takes into consideration the effects that occur in real environments and that are different depending on farm characteristics and business choices. Among the main aspects that should be considered (beyond prices and feed conversion ratio) are the final destination of the product, the processing and large retailers' requirements, the effects on digestion and feces production, and the variability of performance (as an effect of feed nutritional variability and environmental variability).
Effects of antidiabetic agents on steatosis and fibrosis biomarkers in type 2 diabetes: A real‐world data analysis
Authors: Colosimo Santo , Ravaioli Federico , Petroni Maria L. , Brodosi Lucia , Marchignoli Francesca , Barbanti Francesca A. , Sasdelli Anna S. , Marchesini Giulio , Pironi Loris
Published: January 2021

Background & Aims

There is intense research for drugs able to reduce disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We aimed to test the impact of novel antidiabetic drugs (dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 inhibitors – DPP‐4Is, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists – GLP‐1RAs, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors – SGLT‐2Is) on non‐invasive biomarkers of steatosis (fatty liver index, FLI) and fibrosis (Fibrosis‐4 score, FIB‐4) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

Clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were retrospectively analysed in 637 consecutive T2D patients switched from metformin w/wo sulfonylureas and/or pioglitazone to DPP‐4Is, GLP‐1RAs and SGLT‐2Is in a tertiary care setting. 165 patients maintained on original treatments served as controls. The effects on FLI and FIB‐4 at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up were analysed by logistic regression after adjustment for baseline differences, computed by propensity scores, and additional adjustment for changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index.

Results

Body mass index, HbA1c and aminotrasferases significantly decreased following switching to GLP‐1RAs and SGLT2‐Is, compared with both controls and DPP‐4Is, whereas only HbA1c was reduced on DPP‐4Is. FLI and FIB‐4 were reduced on GLP‐1RA and SGLT‐2I; logistic regression analysis confirmed a significant improvement of both biomarkers after adjustment for propensity score. The shift of FIB‐4 values towards the category ruling out advanced fibrosis was maintained after additional adjustment for confounders. These effects were confirmed in a sensitivity analysis on effect size.

Conclusions

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and SGLT‐2Is improve biomarkers of steatosis and fibrosis, in keeping with beneficial effects on liver disease progression, and should be considered the treatment of choice in T2D.
An ICln homolog contributes to osmotic and low‐nitrate tolerance by enhancing nitrate accumulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chu Moli , Wang Yuan , Mu Baicong , Ge Haiman , Zhang Chi , Zhao Fugeng , Fu Aigen , Luan Sheng , Li Legong , Lan Wenzhi
Published: January 2021

Nitrate (NO3−) is a source of plant nutrients and osmolytes, but its delivery machineries under osmotic and low‐nutrient stress remain largely unknown. Here, we report that AtICln, an Arabidopsis homolog of the nucleotide‐sensitive chloride‐conductance regulatory protein family (ICln), is involved in response to osmotic and low‐NO3− stress. The gene AtICln, encoding plasma membrane–anchored proteins, was upregulated by various osmotic stresses, and its disruption impaired plant tolerance to osmotic stress. Compared with the wild type, the aticln mutant retained lower anions, particularly NO3−, and its growth retardation was not rescued by NO3− supply under osmotic stress. Interestingly, this mutant also displayed growth defects under low‐NO3 stress, which were accompanied by decreases in NO3− accumulation, suggesting that AtICln may facilitate the NO3− accumulation under NO3− deficiency. Moreover, the low‐NO3− hypersensitive phenotype of aticln mutant was overridden by the overexpression of NRT1.1, an important NO3− transporter in Arabidopsis low‐NO3− responses. Further genetic analysis in the plants with altered activity of AtICln and NRT1.1 indicated that AtICln and NRT1.1 play a compensatory role in maintaining NO3− homeostasis under low‐NO3− environments. These results suggest that AtICln is involved in cellular NO3− accumulation and thus determines osmotic adjustment and low‐NO3− tolerance in plants.
Nitrogen Limitation Decreases the Repair Capacity and Enhances Photoinhibition of Photosystem II in a Diatom
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Lan Ting , Zhang Jiaojiao , Gao Kunshan , Beardall John , Wu Yaping
Published: January 2021

Macronutrient limitation and increased solar exposure coincide with ocean warming‐enhanced stratification, with consequences for phytoplankton within the upper mixing layer. In this study, we grew a diatom, Thalassiosira punctigera, under nitrogen‐limited and replete conditions for more than 14 generations and investigated both the biochemical composition of treated cells and their photochemical responses to high light and UV exposure. The photosynthetic pigment and the particulate organic nitrogen (PON) content significantly decreased in the low nitrate grown cells, with drastic decline of the absorption of UV absorbing compounds. Under an acute exposure to high light or UV radiation, we observed a significant decline in the photochemical yield along with an increase of nonphotosynthetic quenching (NPQ), with the former lowered and the latter raised in the low‐nitrogen grown cells. The results reveal a decreased repair rate and enhanced photoinhibition of the diatom under nitrogen limitation when exposed to increased levels of light and UV radiation, suggesting a higher vulnerability of the diatom phytoplankton under influences of oceanic global change.
Mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentation in an evolving epicontinental sea: Aptian record of marginal marine settings in the interior basins of north‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Varejão Filipe G. , Warren Lucas V. , Simões Marcello G. , Buatois Luis A. , Mángano M. Gabriela , Bahniuk Rumbelsperger Anelize M. , Assine Mario L.
Published: January 2021

The Aptian evaporitic transitional sequence (sag phase) of the Brazilian marginal basins records the first connection between the Central and South Atlantic oceans in the equatorial area. During this phase, lacustrine carbonate reservoirs and giant salt deposits developed in the southern basins of Santos and Campos, forming world‐class petroleum reservoirs. The sag succession is also well‐preserved in the interior rift basins of north‐eastern Brazil, where upper Aptian strata are represented by a continuous section. This contribution presents an interpretation of the evolution of a third‐order depositional sequence comprising lacustrine limestones, marine siliciclastic facies and evaporite deposits of the intracontinental Araripe Basin. The Lowstand Systems Tract is characterized by fluvial deposits filling accommodation generated during the syn‐rift phase. The overlying deposits comprise marine facies with preservation of dinoflagellates and marine ichnotaxa, evidencing marine deposition in bayhead delta settings. The transgressive surface is represented by limestones, including the Konservat–Lagerstätte laminites, onlapping the basement rocks. Above, tide‐dominated bay deposits with distinct subtidal, intertidal and supratidal portions are recorded. The Maximum Flooding Surface is a dark shale below foreshore to shoreface facies, marking the beginning of the Highstand Systems Tract, culminating with deposition of evaporites (gypsum and anhydrite). The stratigraphic architecture and palaeocurrents measured in different facies associations suggest that marine waters reached the basin from the south. The data unequivocally records late Aptian marine ingressions of an incipient South Atlantic Ocean over the interior basins of north‐eastern Brazil, while lacustrine conditions were still prevailing in the Pre‐Salt sag units of the Santos and Campos basins.
Projection‐based and cross‐validated estimation in high‐dimensional Cox model
Authors: Zhang Haixiang , Huang Jian , Sun Liuquan
Published: January 2021

We propose a projection‐based cross‐validation method for estimating a low‐dimensional parameter in the presence of a high‐dimensional nuisance parameter in the Cox regression model. We show that the proposed estimator is asymptotically normal, which enables us to conduct hypothesis test for the parameter of interest with high‐dimensional nuisance parameters. Three decision rules are presented to avoid the influence of random splitting of samples. Simulation studies indicate that our method is more powerful than that of Fang et al. (2017,JRSSB) when the coefficients of predictors are high‐dimensional and not very sparse. As an illustrative example, we apply our procedure to a breast cancer study.
Caracterización psicosocial de deportistas y reconocimiento de la importancia del psicólogo deportivo
Authors: Gómez Acosta Andrés , Sierra Barón Willian , Aguayo Hernández Angie Lizeth , Matta Santofimio Jes´us David , Solano Érika Alexandra , Oviedo Anturi Laura Viviana
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Desarrollar la caracterización psicosocial de un grupo de deportistas del departamento del Huila (Colombia), e identificar su percepción acerca de la labor del psicólogo deportivo. Método. Investigación descriptiva, transversal, en la que participaron 817 deportistas (72.3% hombres, edad promedio 17.26 años [DE = 4.28]). La información fue obtenida mediante un instrumento ad hoc de autorreporte, validado por expertos, guardando las consideraciones éticas del caso. Resultados. Se evidenciaron asociaciones significativas (p < 0.05) entre los factores psicológicos emocionales (principalmente ansiedad y estrés) y cognitivos (atención, concentración, cohesión, motivación, autoconfianza y cohesión), con las variables sexo, sometimiento a cirugías, trabajo actual, asociación a club deportivo, participación en competencias y acompañamiento con psicólogo deportivo. Muchos de los encuestados no tenían acceso a los profesionales en psicología deportiva, pero resaltaron su importancia para el mejoramiento del rendimiento deportivo. Conclusión. El estudio permitió tener una panorámica general de las condiciones sociodemográficas de los deportistas y de sus necesidades psicosociales. No obstante, se deben llevar a cabo ejercicios más rigurosos que permitan no solo establecer relaciones estadísticas entre las variables reportadas, sino también realizar intervenciones efectivas.
Efecto de un programa de práctica imaginada sobre la autoconfianza de futbolistas
Authors: Herrera Velásquez Diana Alejandra , Gómez-Maquet Yvonne
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Establecer el efecto de un programa de intervención en práctica imaginada, entendida como el uso de los sentidos para la creación o recreación de imágenes o experiencias y atribuirles significado, sobre la autoconfianza de los futbolistas. Método. Participaron 17 futbolistas hombres, 9 en el grupo intervención y 8 en el grupo control, entre los 18 y los 25 años (M = 21, DE = 2.2). La intervención se desarrolló durante 8 sesiones y se basó en el modelo PETTLEP. Se midió la habilidad de imaginería a través del SIAQ y la autoconfianza con la prueba TSCI. Resultados. Los participantes mostraron un efecto de interacción en la habilidad de imaginería (F (1, 15) = 4.57, p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.23), mientras que para la autoconfianza solo se estableció un efecto principal en los grupos intervención y control (F (1, 15) = 6.13, p < 0.05, ηp2 =.29). Adicionalmente, se observó una correlación positiva alta entre imaginería y autoconfianza (r(8) = 0.79, p < 0.05). Conclusión. Se obtuvo un efecto positivo tras la intervención en práctica imaginada en la habilidad de imaginería, lo cual es un avance significativo para la aplicación de la práctica imaginada en deportes de conjunto, como el fútbol.
Empatía y Teoría de la Mente: comparación entre deportistas y no deportistas
Authors: Aguirre-Loaiza Haney , Duarte-Pulgarín Claudia Andrea , Grajales Lady Dahianne , Gärtner Manuela , García Danna Y. , Marín Ángel Geovanny
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Comparar la dimensión de cognición social de la Teoría de la Mente (ToM, por sus siglas en inglés) y la empatía entre deportistas y no deportistas. Método. Se ejecutó un diseño transversal con muestreo intencional, en el que 46 deportistas (Medad = 18.2, DE = 4.5) y 48 no deportistas (Medad = 20.2, DE = 3.5) completaron la Tarea de Empatía por el Dolor y el Test de las Miradas. Resultados. No se hallaron diferencias en la ToM, t(92) = 1.21, p = 0.228, d = 0.25. El Anova factorial mixto 3x2 indicó que el comportamiento de empatía es homogéneo por las condiciones (neutral, accidental e intencional) y grupos (deportistas vs no deportistas), F(2, 92) = 0.127, p = 0.881, ηp2 = 0.001. Sin embargo, la comparación de medias mostró diferencias favorables para deportistas en la condición de estímulos neutrales (p < 0.05). Conclusión. No hay variabilidad de la ToM, ni en las condiciones de accidentalidad e intencionalidad en el aspecto empático; mientras que en estímulos neutrales, el promedio difiere favorablemente para los deportistas.
Predicting Exertion from Metabolic, Physiological and Cognitive Variables in Older Adults
Authors: Chacón-Araya Yamileth , Briceño-Torres José Miguel , Peralta-Brenes Mariana , Hernández-Gamboa Rebeca , Johnson David K. , Watts Amber , Vidoni Eric D. , Billinger Sandra A. , Salazar-Villanea Mónica , Moncada-Jiménez José
Published: January 2021

Objective. To determine the association between perceived exertion (RPE) and physiological variables and to determine the predictive factors of RPE during submaximal and maximal exertion in older adults. Method. Older adults from Kansas (n = 100) and Costa Rica (n = 79) performed a submaximal and maximal stress test. RPE, education level and a total score of cognitive function (CFTS) were collected. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were computed using RPE as the criterion variable and oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), CFTS and education level as predictors. Results. There was a significant correlation between VEP and RER (r = 0.22, p = 0.029) at maximal exertion. The RPE predictors for women were VO2, RER, and CFTS at different stages of the test. For men, VEP was predicted by RER, education level, and VO2 at different stages. Conclusion. Metabolic and physiological variables predicted RPE in older adults. Age, cognition, and heart rate were unrelated to RPE at maximal exertion, and RER predicted RPE scores during submaximal and maximal exertion.
Relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal y el nivel de actividad física en adolescentes
Authors: Tapia Serrano Miguel Angel , Vaquero-Solís Mikel , Cerro-Herrero David , Sánchez-Miguel Pedro Antonio
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) percibido y la actividad física (AF) en adolescentes. Método. Participaron 605 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 15 años. Se valoraron las variables percibidas para el peso, la altura y el nivel de AF mediante un cuestionario autoinformado. Resultados. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el IMC percibido y el nivel de AF. El análisis de regresión mostró que el IMC percibido sirve para predecir el nivel de AF. El análisis de la covarianza demostró la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad frente a los normopeso. Conclusión.  Se ha demostrado que los adolescentes que realizan menos AF tienen una mayor probabilidad de sufrir sobrepeso y obesidad.
Representaciones sociales de la violencia basada en género en la formación de adolescentes futbolistas
Authors: Arboleda Zapata Jeferson , Orejuela-Preciado César , Varón-Torres Santiago
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Conocer las representaciones sociales sobre la violencia basada en género en contra del hombre en deportistas en formación de un club deportivo de la ciudad de Cali. Método. Se empleó un diseño cualitativo, en el que se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada a seis adolescentes de 16 y 17 años de edad. El análisis de los datos se realizó desde el método de inducción analítica, y algunos elementos del análisis del discurso se procesaron a través del software Atlas.ti. Resultado. Los hallazgos sugieren que la formación deportiva de los adolescentes promueve un tipo de masculinidad hegemónica que les exige adiestrarse en prácticas de masculinidad y adscribirse a un conjunto de normas para tener éxito en su disciplina deportiva. Por otro lado, los deportistas que no logren adherirse a los lineamientos de la masculinidad hegemónica promovida, se convierten en blanco de subordinación por parte de sus entrenadores y compañeros. Conclusión. El sistema de valores y prácticas promovidas por la institución deportiva, legitima formas soterradas de violencia en contra de sus reproductores, los adolescentes.
Validación de la versión española de la Escala de Reflexión en futbolistas de élite jóvenes
Authors: L. Chamorro José , Moreno Rubén , García Martí Carlos
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Validar la versión española de la Escala de Reflexión del instrumento Reflective Learnning Continuum en futbolistas jóvenes de élite. Método. Estudio de validación. La versión original fue traducida y adaptada siguiendo el protocolo de la American Psychological Association. Una vez traducida, se administró a 478 jugadores jóvenes de élite junto con el Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, con el objetivo de evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas; además, se llevaron a cabo el análisis de consistencia interna, el análisis factorial confirmatorio y el análisis de correlaciones bivariadas con variables teóricamente relacionadas. Resultados. En el análisis de contenido, la versión española de la Escala de Reflexión aplicada mostró evidencias en los aspectos cultural y lingüístico con la versión original. Además, el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un ajuste aceptable a los datos: χ²(df) = 28.61 (88), p < 0.001, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.07 (0.06-0.08), CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99. Los análisis de consistencia interna, así como la relación con la motivación, apoyaron la versión validada. Conclusión. Los resultados proporcionan evidencia en favor de las propiedades psicométricas de la validación al español de la Escala de Reflexión.
Benchmarking the Dual and Compound Techniques-Based Branching Design Strategy Used for Upgrading of Pressurized Hydraulic Systems
Authors: Ben Amira Waêl , Triki Ali
Published: January 2021

Prior research has recognized that the compound- and dual-technique-based branching redesign measures, used as alternatives to the conventional technique-based one, were effective in upgrading steel pipe-based pressurized hydraulic systems. Principally, the compound technique used two different plastic material types for the short-penstock instead of the single material type utilized in the conventional technique. However, the dual technique is based on splitting the single penstock installed in the conventional technique into a set of dual subpenstocks placed at each connection of the main-piping system to hydraulic parts. This handling aimed at improving the conventional technique efficiency with regard to the tradeoff between the magnitude attenuation and period expansion effects of the transient pressure-wave signal. Accordingly, this study proposed a comprehensive comparison between the compound- and dual-technique-based branching strategy with particular focus on the tradeoff between the two last parameters. The plastic material types demonstrated in this study included the high- or low-density polyethylene. The application addressed a waterhammer maneuver initiated into a reservoir-steel-pipe-valve system. Numerical computations used the method of characteristics for the discretization of the 1D extended pressurized-pipe flow model, embedding the Kelvin–Voigt and Vitkovsky formulations. The finding of this study suggested that the high- or low-density polyethylene (HDPE–LDPE) setup of the compound technique is the most prominent protected system setup, providing an acceptable tradeoff between the attenuation of magnitude and the expansion of the period of pressure-wave oscillation.
Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of Fluidelastic Instability in Tube Arrays
Authors: Moran Joaquin E. , Selima Yasser
Published: January 2021

Fluidelastic instability (FEI) in tube arrays has been studied extensively experimentally and theoretically for the last 50 years, due to its potential to cause significant damage in short periods. Incidents similar to those observed at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station indicate that the problem is not yet fully understood, probably due to the large number of factors affecting the phenomenon. In this study, a new approach for the analysis and interpretation of FEI data using machine learning (ML) algorithms is explored. FEI data for both single and two-phase flows have been collected from the literature and utilized for training a machine learning algorithm in order to either provide estimates of the reduced velocity (single and two-phase) or indicate if the bundle is stable or unstable under certain conditions (two-phase). The analysis included the use of logistic regression as a classification algorithm for two-phase flow problems to determine if specific conditions produce a stable or unstable response. The results of this study provide some insight into the capability and potential of logistic regression models to analyze FEI if appropriate quantities of experimental data are available.
Design of a Single Layer Metamaterial for Pressure Offloading of Transtibial Amputees
Authors: Brown Nathan , Owen Meredith K. , Garland Anthony , DesJardins John D. , Fadel Georges M.
Published: January 2021

While using a prosthesis, transtibial amputees can experience pain and discomfort brought on by large pressure gradients at the interface between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket. Current prosthetic interface solutions attempt to alleviate these pressure gradients using soft homogenous liners to reduce and distribute pressures. This research investigates an additively manufactured metamaterial inlay with a tailored mechanical response to reduce peak pressure gradients around the limb. The inlay uses a hyperelastic behaving metamaterial (US10244818) comprised of triangular pattern unit cells, 3D printed with walls of various thicknesses controlled by draft angles. The hyperelastic material properties are modeled using a Yeoh third-order model. The third-order coefficients can be adjusted and optimized, which corresponds to a change in the unit cell wall thickness to create an inlay that can meet the unique offloading needs of an amputee. Finite element analysis simulations evaluated the pressure gradient reduction from (1) a standard homogenous silicone liner, (2) a prosthetist's inlay prescription that utilizes three variations of the metamaterial, and (3) a metamaterial solution with optimized Yeoh third-order coefficients. Compared to a traditional homogenous silicone liner for two unique limb loading scenarios, the prosthetist prescribed inlay and the optimized material inlay can achieve equal or greater pressure gradient reduction capabilities. These preliminary results show the potential feasibility of implementing this metamaterial as a method of personalized medicine for transtibial amputees by creating a customizable interface solution to meet the unique performance needs of an individual patient.
Improvement of the Inverse Finite Element Analysis Approach for Tensile and Toughness Predictions by Means of Small Punch Technique
Authors: Kulawinski Dirk , Iding Kevin , Schornstein Robin , Özdemir-Weingart Dasgin , Dumstorff Peter
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on the inverse finite element analysis (FEA) to calculate the small punch technique (SPT) tests and the prediction of the tensile and fracture toughness behavior. For the description of the SPT tests via FEA, the hardening rule of Ramberg–Osgood (RO) and the damage model of Gursson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) were used. The inverse FEA optimization process cannot provide a unique solution for the 12 parameters included in the material model. This results from a dependency between some parameters, which leads to the same solution in the optimization. Hence, a novel description of the dependent parameters was developed and implemented within the optimization process. Therefore, an enhanced inverse FEA approach was proposed, which provides a fast converging solution for determination of the material model parameters. Within this study, the forged turbine shaft material EN: 27NiCrMoV15-6 was investigated. For comparison purpose, SPT tests as well as tensile tests and fracture toughness tests were carried out. In the case of the tensile properties, the test and simulation show coincidence in the curve and the characteristic values. For the toughness behavior, the characteristic value of the test was met by the simulation.