bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparing Educators for Development of Innovative Teaching Using Mobile Technology
Authors: Watlington Deborah , Murley Renee , Cornelius Annette , Kelley Torre
Published: September 2015

Mobile technology, in the form of smart phones and tablets, is an integral part of how we connect with information. Educators recognize that these mobile technologies shift the manner in which information is accessed, communicated, and transferred, and that they are infiltrating educational settings. A critical need is rising to prepare educators to effectively embed mobile technology in the learner's educational world (O'Hara, Pritchard, Huang, & Pella, 2013). This chapter outlines a progressive model of professional development designed to prepare educators for innovative educational uses of mobile technology. Traditional, individualized, and innovative professional development models are discussed as well as the core content that should be incorporated in this professional development. Best practices in mobile technology implementation are addressed as well as suggested strategies to transition educators from novice to experienced users of mobile technology.
Green Computing through Virtual Learning Environments
Authors: McWhorter Rochell R. , Delello Julie A.
Published: September 2015

As technology has quickly evolved into more sophisticated forms, it is opening the options for educators and business professionals to expand learning opportunities into virtual learning spaces. This chapter discusses a number of technology trends and practices that can promote green computing as a way for organizations and individuals to be efficient in time, currency, and resources. Three technology trends that are disrupting the status quo are Cloud computing, 3D printing, and the analytics associated with Big Data. In addition, trends that appear to be taking hold include digital badges, the Internet of things, and how we are handling recycling and e-waste of our devices. A discussion around issues of energy required for data servers to power the technology is also presented.
Contemporary Challenges and Preschool Teachers' Education in Croatia
Authors: Vorkapić Sanja Tatalović , Vujičić Lidija , Boneta Željko
Published: September 2015

The evaluation of the new graduate study program Early and Preschool Care and Education (EPCE) was conducted recently in Croatia. Preschool teachers and graduate students were asked about their motivation for enrolling, the level of competencies developed during their study, and the predictive power of three significantly connected motives in relation to those competencies. Statistical analysis revealed highly positive perception of relevant competences gained. This finding confirmed the hypothesis that continuing professional development through formal higher education contributes significantly to improved preschool teachers' performance while coping with changing and growing job demands. Moreover, subjects demonstrated highly intrinsic motivation for enrolling. Extrinsic motives were indicative of a more negative, while intrinsic motivation led to more positive, perception of learning outcomes and gained competencies. Overall, the evaluation was highly positive and the findings confirmed the importance of satisfying the professional needs of preschool teachers.
Promoting Collaborative Learning in Online Teacher Education
Authors: Zygouris-Coe Vassiliki I.
Published: September 2015

Online learning continues to grow as a learning option for millions of students in US colleges and universities. Collaboration plays an important role in student learning. This chapter presents information on how collaborative learning was designed and implemented in a comprehensive online course in reading for pre-service and in-service educators in grades P-12. The author presents details on course design issues, instructional practices, benefits, and challenges associated with collaborative learning in this online course, and implications for further development and evaluation of collaborative learning in teacher preparation programs. The author also provides recommendations for promoting collaboration in online teacher education courses.
Challenges about MOOCs in Teacher Training
Authors: Hernández Patricia Gómez , López Carlos Monge , Barrera Alba García
Published: September 2015

MOOCs seem to be a good way to deliver training to a large number of teachers and to facilitate their professional development in those areas whose skills are scarce, requires an update or needs further deepening. In this chapter a test is carried out to make an approach to the current state of affairs, taking sample students from an on-site university and an open university. This study also allows investigating if there may be differences between both groups. Using case studies, a questionnaire was administered to 37 pre-service teachers, showing a relative great knowledge about MOOCs by participants. In conclusion, the studied universities must design, develop and divulgate these courses as a pedagogical resource for initial and continuous teacher training. This chapter completes the book section with discussion on research involving ‘RIA and education practice of MOOCs', as such it provides a fitting commentary for the topic of ‘educational training design'.
International School Teachers' Professional Development in Response to the Needs of Third Culture Kids in the Classroom
Authors: Carter Margaret , McNulty Yvonne
Published: September 2015

This chapter draws on an exploratory qualitative study of 20 teaching staff at an international school in Singapore to examine the professional development needs of international school teachers in response to the needs of Third Culture Kids (TCKs). It explores what the needs of TCKs are, whether teachers at an international school in Singapore have the skills and competencies to be responsive to these needs, and where gaps in professional development for international schoolteachers may exist. Evidence shows that no professional development training in relation to TCKs is provided specific to the international context in which teachers are employed. Issues that are poorly addressed include staff induction, student transitions and identity issues, language support, pastoral care, and curriculum training. Findings contribute to the educational leadership and management of international schoolteachers by contextualizing professional development as a facet of organizational leadership.
Social Bookmarking Pedagogies in Higher Education
Authors: Taha Nashrawan , Wood Jamie , Cox Andrew
Published: September 2015

This paper compares two projects that adopted social bookmarking (SB) technology in different educational contexts at the same institution, a large, research-intensive university in the north of England. The first study used social bookmarking in a multicultural postgraduate class to increase interactivity within the whole class and to produce an archive of course-related online resources to engage potentially isolated students. The second study used social bookmarking to support first year undergraduate students' independent research activities, to facilitate collaboration and to aid the tutor's preparation for seminar classes. The paper provides an outline of the two studies, including a description of the pedagogic approaches adopted in them, developments in the pedagogy over time and evaluative and usage data that were collected. The discussion focuses on five main issues: SB literacy; SB benefits; SB costs and risks; SB pedagogy; and SB alternatives.
Nurturing Teacher Development and Promoting Student Academic Achievement through a Reciprocal Learning Experience
Authors: Heafner Tina L. , Spooner Melba
Published: September 2015

True education occurs when teachers become learners and learners become teachers (Freire, 2000). This epistemological ideal was achieved through reciprocal learning experiences of a successful Professional Development School (PDS) partnership between one high school and a local university. This chapter presents a model for a PDS relationship that: a) promotes a professional community of learners, b) engenders reciprocal teaching and learning, c) encourages mentoring at multiple levels, and d) positively impacts student and candidate learning. Data analyses indicate significant benefits to all participants due to the unique opportunities created by the partnerships in learning embedded within a PDS setting.
Sharing PDS Teacher Expertise with Pre-Service Teachers through Videos
Authors: Siebert Cathy J. , Wyss Vanessa L. , Jackson Tiffany
Published: September 2015

The true power of Professional Development School collaborations rests in the expertise and resources each partner brings to addressing challenges facing them. This chapter describes an initiative in which PDS high school partners and students collaborated with university partners to develop an informational DVD regarding Teacher Professionalism to be used with teacher candidates as part of their preparation program. The process followed and resources required to complete the project are described, perspectives of various parties involved are shared, and initial results of a pilot implementation in an undergraduate teacher education practicum sequence are discussed. Products such as the DVD described in this chapter provide avenues by which to share practitioner knowledge and expertise with pre-service teachers in rich and sustainable ways.
The University Partnerships for Critical Reflection by Teacher Trainers
Authors: Üstünel Eda , Dikilitaş Kenan
Published: September 2015

This chapter explores educational training-based partnerships between universities in relation to in-service teacher education practices to enhance the quality of the professional development activities currently in practice. With this in mind, the nature and content of the collaboration between different universities located in Turkey are depicted through the analysis of triangulated data sets from written reports, focus group discussions, and the Likert scale questionnaire in order to elaborate on the impact of exchange of information and visitations on the trainers' professional development. The chapter accomplishes the self-reported impact of university-university collaboration on the participating trainers as well as one-day T-PLUS (Trainers' Professional Learning and Unlimited Sharing) meeting during which the trainers exchange ideas about teacher training and professional development tools and procedures in focus group discussions. The results indicate positive stance towards such a collaboration model that emerged as a result of the written reports and the Likert scale questionnaire.
Does Accredited Professional Development for Academics Improve Teaching and Learning in Higher Education?
Authors: McAvinia Claire , Donnelly Roisin , Hanratty Orla , Harvey Jen
Published: September 2015

The authors are part of a team delivering accredited programmes in teaching at tertiary level, and have collaborated to examine the impact of their work and that of the team over more than ten years in this area: whether accredited professional development programmes for academics have improved teaching—and students' learning—in higher education. A review of the literature is presented, along with new research undertaken in their home institution. The authors' findings from both the literature and their most recent research indicates a range of benefits for higher education in providing and supporting accredited programmes for educators. However, they have also identified methodological issues in measuring these benefits and impact overall. The chapter discusses this work and connects it with the broader themes of this book. The authors emphasise the importance of effective teaching in the midst of the many complex changes influencing higher education at this time.
Toward Web 2.0 Integration in Indonesian Education
Authors: Mutohar Agus , Hughes Joan E.
Published: September 2015

Numerous efforts have been made to reform education to address globalization both in developed and developing countries. The integration of technology in education has been one vital reform effort in developing countries to prepare graduates for 21st century workplaces, which are digitally robust. Web 2.0 technologies are becoming prominent educational and workplace tools. This literature review of Indonesian government policies, NGO initiative reports, and contemporary research explores the integration of Web 2.0 in Indonesian education using an ecological perspective by introducing the Indonesian national educational policy and laws, describing national and non-government organizations' initiatives focused on Web 2.0 integration, identifying salient national and local challenges preventing Web 2.0 integration, and proposing strategies for future planning and research. Challenges identified include lack of technological facilities, an absence of technology standards in education, a standardized testing culture, lack of coordination between government levels (national to local), lack of professional development, and a need for strong school technology leadership. The authors recommend Indonesia engage in comprehensive, visionary planning for Web 2.0 integration with strategies to meet local needs, invest in professional development and technology specialist positions, and advance mobile Web 2.0 computing and BYOT/D initiatives. Future research could examine how ecological factors at the national, provincial, and local levels coordinate to best establish Web 2.0 integration in education at the school level.
Preschool Teacher Identity
Authors: Vorkapić Sanja Tatalović , Vujičić Lidija , Čepić Renata
Published: September 2015

The teaching process cannot be simplified to definitions of the best teachers as those possessing certain desirable teaching behaviours and skills (Katz, 2002). Although there are numerous factors that significantly influence learning and teaching, one might agree that specific teaching roles dominantly determine the quality of preschool teaching processes and learning outcomes. Furthermore, two equally important dimensions that characterize teaching roles, as linked with concepts of identity, are professional and personal dimensions. Therefore, one might be wondering: Who are contemporary preschool teachers? How do they define their self and identity? What determines identity that preschool teachers describe as theirs? Consequently, how do these identities influence the quality of process of early and preschool care and education? Answering these questions is no easy task since the concept of identity is defined in various ways in the more general literature (Beijaard, Meijer, & Verloop, 2004). This chapter is focused on an analysis of preschool teacher identity from three specific aspects. First, since all identity models emphasize the cultural context within which preschool teachers' identity develops and its crucial role, contemporary changes in preschool teacher roles and a new study program called Early and Preschool Teacher Education and Care are analysed in the Croatian context. Secondly, in order to follow contemporary literature, theoretical models of identity are presented. Afterwards, based on such models, the personality traits and temperament of research participants are analysed within the context of preschool teacher identity. Finally, the chapter's third section analyses preschool teachers' values, motives, and narratives.
Information Literacy Research
Authors: Gunton Lyndelle , Bruce Christine , Davis Kate
Published: September 2015

Information literacy is an issue of growing global concern. Amidst changing technologies, our information worlds intersect with all aspects of our lives. This chapter introduces the relational approach to information literacy, its evolution, application in contemporary research, and emerging directions. It presents the approach, as introduced by Australian researchers, as an integration of experiential, contextual, and transformational perspectives. The chapter first reflects on the wider information literacy domain and then addresses the development of the relational approach, its fundamental elements and characteristics, as well as its adoption in key contexts. The chapter also explores significant studies that have contributed to its evolution and considers the impact of the development of the relational framework and related research. The chapter concludes with a focus on new directions emerging from the relational understanding of information literacy.
Early Childhood Programs as Professional Development Schools
Authors: Taylor Linda K. , Clark Patricia
Published: September 2015

The focus of this chapter is on the establishment and maintenance of early childhood Professional Development Schools (PDSs). While the advent of PDS partnerships goes back to the 1980s and 1990s, very few of the PDSs have involved university partnerships with early childhood (pre-K) programs. This chapter outlines some of the opportunities and possibilities that early childhood PDSs offer, as well as some of the unique obstacles that are encountered when working with pre-kindergarten programs. Specific examples are provided of work in three different early childhood PDSs. The chapter concludes with an examination of future directions for early childhood Professional Development Schools.
Commitment to Change and Action
Authors: Catelli Linda A. , Jackson Valerie , Marino Judith , Perry S. Marshall
Published: September 2015

Professional Development School (PDS) partnerships in Race to the Top (RttT) states, as well as those in other states that have instituted education reforms and new legislation, are now in a unique position to promote their partnerships as transformative models of change and action. This chapter presents a successful, longitudinal, and holistically grounded PDS partnership and its research aimed at instituting integrative change for the purpose of improving student learning and achievement. Although small in size, the partnership has at its roots the audacious goal of changing and improving P-12 education integrated with professional education (13-20), with a vision of a new P-20 system of education directed at learning and simultaneous renewal of institutions. Academic and administrative leaders come together in this chapter to present the partnership's holistic nature and essential transformative practices, its empirical and practical work, lessons learned, and future directions for new career ladders for educators along with new research to influence state policy.
Growing Library Leaders for the Future
Authors: Nelson Joanna , Johnson Katherine
Published: September 2015

Professional development opportunities are important for employees at all levels of an organization. Employees benefit by staying current in their field and advancing their career. Employers benefit by having a better skilled workforce. This chapter focuses on professional development based on the yearlong leadership institute run by the Colorado Association of Libraries (CAL) Leadership Development Committee. The development of the CAL Leadership Institute (CALLI) will be discussed along with the curriculum, structure, fees, mentoring, networking, accessibility, and benefits of CALLI to participants and the larger library community. The authors conducted two surveys and eight interviews to gather qualitative and quantitative feedback from current and past CALLI participants. A literature review of current trends in professional development and library leadership programs was completed. The future of professional development in this area is also explored.
Technology Expanding Horizons in Teacher Education
Authors: Hucks Darrell , Ragan Matthew
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this exploratory action research study was to examine how the modeling by instructors of technology integration would affect the quality of the lessons that elementary teacher-education students designed and taught in their field placements. The research was conducted across two consecutive semesters with two different cohorts of methods students placed at a local elementary school that had received new interactive whiteboards, SMART boards, in every classroom at the beginning of the previous school year. Based upon field-supervisor/instructor observations, reflections, and oral and written feedback from host-teachers and students, an analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Findings suggest that teacher education students' level of engagement increased regarding the integration of technology, and children were more engaged and actively involved during the teaching of methods students' mathematics and science lessons.
Library Science and Technology in a Changing World
Authors: Farmer Lesley S. J.
Published: September 2015

As the world changes, so does information and its use. This chapter explains functions of library science as impacted by technology within the context of change. Library science provides the basis for mediation between the community and the information it needs to carry out its functions, tempered by the impact of technologies. Librarians apply library science principles as they develop and manage the community's information collection. In today's digital environment, the proliferation of information requires that librarians increasingly need to interpret, filter, and evaluate that information. Librarians apply library science-based technical processes to organize and optimize the efficient retrieval of the needed information. In addition, librarians foster information literacy in communities, largely serving as a responsive guide for all of its community members, not only for the purpose of pre-existing library comprising their catalogs and indexes, but the creation of new orders developed and made possible by the computer search capabilities. In these ways, library science is dynamic and facilitates change.
On the Use of Stochastic Activity Networks for an Energy-Aware Simulation of Automatic Weather Stations
Authors: Cassano Luca , Cesarini Daniel , Avvenuti Marco
Published: September 2015

Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) are embedded systems equipped with a number of sensors used to monitor harsh environments: glaciers and deserts. AWSs may also be equipped with some communication interfaces in order to enable remote access to data. These systems are generally far from power sources, and thus they are equipped with energy harvesting devices, wind turbines and solar panels, and storage devices, batteries. The design of an AWS represents a challenge, since designers have to maximize the sampled and transmitted data while considering the energy needs. We designed and implemented an energy-aware simulator of AWSs to support designers in the definition of the configuration of the system. The simulator relies on the Stochastic Activity Networks (SANs) formalism and has been developed using the Möbius tool. In this chapter we first show how we used SANs to model the components of an AWS, we then report results from validation experiments carried out by comparing the results of the simulator against a real-world AWS and finally show examples of its usage.
Educational Software Based on Matlab GUIs for Neural Networks Courses
Authors: Díaz-Moreno Pablo , Carrasco Juan José , Soria-Olivas Emilio , Martínez-Martínez José M. , Escandell-Montero Pablo , Gómez-Sanchis Juan
Published: September 2015

Neural Networks (NN) are one of the most used machine learning techniques in different areas of knowledge. This has led to the emergence of a large number of courses of Neural Networks around the world and in areas where the users of this technique do not have a lot of programming skills. Current software that implements these elements, such as Matlab®, has a number of important limitations in teaching field. In some cases, the implementation of a MLP requires a thorough knowledge of the software and of the instructions that train and validate these systems. In other cases, the architecture of the model is fixed and they do not allow an automatic sweep of the parameters that determine the architecture of the network. This chapter presents a teaching tool for the its use in courses about neural models that solves some of the above-mentioned limitations. This tool is based on Matlab® software.
Human Motion Analysis and Simulation Tools
Authors: Nunes João F. , Moreira Pedro M. , Tavares João Manuel R. S.
Published: September 2015

Computational systems to identify objects represented in image sequences and tracking their motion in a fully automatic manner, enabling a detailed analysis of the involved motion and its simulation are extremely relevant in several fields of our society. In particular, the analysis and simulation of the human motion has a wide spectrum of relevant applications with a manifest social and economic impact. In fact, usage of human motion data is fundamental in a broad number of domains (e.g.: sports, rehabilitation, robotics, surveillance, gesture-based user interfaces, etc.). Consequently, many relevant engineering software applications have been developed with the purpose of analyzing and/or simulating the human motion. This chapter presents a detailed, broad and up to date survey on motion simulation and/or analysis software packages that have been developed either by the scientific community or commercial entities. Moreover, a main contribution of this chapter is an effective framework to classify and compare motion simulation and analysis tools.
Reducing Simulation Runtime in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Pinto Pedro , Pinto António Alberto , Ricardo Manuel
Published: September 2015

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be deployed using available hardware and software. The Contiki is an operative system compatible with a wide range of WSN hardware. A Contiki development environment named InstantContiki is also available and includes the Cooja simulator, useful to test WSN simulation scenarios prior to their deployment. Cooja can provide realistic results since it uses the full Contiki's source code and some motes can be emulated at the hardware level. However this implies extending the simulation runtime, which is heightened since the Cooja is single threaded, i.e, it makes use of a single core per instant of time, not taking advantage of the current multi-core processors. This chapter presents a framework to automate the configuration and execution of Cooja simulations. When a multi-core processor is available, this framework runs multiple simultaneous Cooja instances to reduce simulations runtime in exchange of higher CPU load and RAM usage.
Spotted
Authors: Trestian Ramona , Zaman Faisal , Muntean Gabriel-Miro
Published: September 2015

Being able to react fast to exceptional events such as riots protests or disaster preventions is of paramount importance, especially when trying to ensure peoples' safety and security, or even save lives. This chapter presents a study on the use of fully anonymized and highly aggregated cellular network data, like Call Detail Records (CDRs) in order to connect people, locations and events. The goal of the study is to see if the CDR data can be used to detect exceptional spatio-temporal patterns of the collective human mobile data usage and correlate these ‘anomalies' with real-world events (e.g., parades, public concerts, soccer match, traffic congestion, riots protests etc.). These observations could be further used to develop an intelligent system that detects exceptional events in real-time from CDRs data monitoring. Such system could be used in intelligent transportation management, urban planning, emergency situations, network resource allocation and performance optimization, etc.
Nonverbal Learning Disabilities and Asperger Syndrome in Young Adults
Authors: Stothers M. E. , Cardy J. Oram
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to explore data-driven hypotheses concerning linguistic similarities and differences in adults with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The focus of the chapter is on profiling linguistic, cognitive, and neuropsychological strengths and weaknesses seen in both clinical groups. A research sample of adults from 19 to 44 years of age is described. Findings include strengths in the breadth of vocabulary and weaknesses in semantic precision and integration. A secondary finding, in which responses to adult autism screening surveys distinguish both clinical groups from controls, and the clinical groups from one another, is presented. Patterns and trends in this data point to difficulties with verbal and nonverbal gestalt formation that are amenable to intervention. Clinical examples of interventions suggested by the data are provided, as they apply to post-secondary students of the same age as the sample.
The Evaluation and Optimization to the Higher Educational Resource Allocation
Authors: Cheng Shaohua , Zhou Yongwei
Published: September 2015

The paper regards the 42 undergraduate colleges (the independent colleges are not included) of Henan province by the end of 2013 as the object of research, builds the composite indicator rank model of undergraduate colleges' educational resource allocation. On this basis, the authors use the score of integrated factor as the rank of composite indicator. In addition, they cluster to the educational resource allocation of 42 undergraduate colleges by use of cluster analysis under the new factors, and the 42 undergraduate colleges are divided into 4 classes. Finally, according to result of cluster analysis and factor scores, the authors put forward the related suggestion of optimizing educational resource allocation for each cluster colleges.
Physics Students' Social Media Learning Behaviours and Connectedness
Authors: Moll Rachel F. , Nielsen Wendy , Linder Cedric
Published: September 2015

Drawing on a complexity thinking perspective on learning, the conditions of emergence for complex systems were used as an analytic framework to characterize social media learning behaviours for their potential to promote connectedness. The authors' analysis identifies trends in secondary and tertiary physics students' social media use from focus group interview data and characterizes the nature of these behaviours for their potential to benefit students' understanding of the content of science curricula. While the authors' study focuses on physics learning, they propose implications that extend to other science learning contexts vis-a-vis how to transform connectivity learning behaviours into connectedness learning behaviours.
Rolopanel
Authors: Astonkar Monika Rajendra , Buchade Amar
Published: September 2015

Nowadays Web paradigm has shifted towards Mobile paradigm. Web goes more mobile, that's why there is a need to understand behaviour of mobile visitors and their engagement with mobile apps to make it more interesting. Here, we are trying to explore an emerging field as Mobile App Analytics. We can explore Mobile Analytics field in 3 ways, the mobile app as a data source, the analytics tools needed to turn the data into deep insights, and the organizational aspect of using actionable insights to inform decision-making. In this paper, we are going to develop mobile analytics dashboard or a Tool-Rolopanel which will easily help to track, analyse traffic of mobile app visitors through events tracking functionality. Events are nothing but actions that users takes while using any app.Particularly we are analysing here gaming apps data and the engagement of users with that mobile app. We have tried to build multifunctional dashboard which can display different tracked user data on single platform in a very simple manner as well it will help to understand its semantics easily.
Interactive Generation of Spatial Solutions for Manufacturing Systems by Means of Virtual Reality
Authors: Hajduk Mikuláš , Kováč Juraj
Published: September 2015

The contribution deals with the generation of interactive spatial solutions to manufacturing systems by means of virtual reality. It characterizes experimental work aimed at creating 3D models of manufacturing systems through technical and software resources of virtual reality. For innovative work is considered an example of data gloves in a virtual manufacturing environment. Data glove is used for placement of models means of production in manufacturing three-dimensional space.
Dynamic Diameter Determination of Circular Brushes
Authors: Matuszak Jakub , Zaleski Kazimierz
Published: September 2015

After milling process burrs can form as a result of plastic deformation of the material. Wire brushing can be used as a fully automated method of deburring on machining centres. In order to provide the same effects after brush change it is important to precisely determine the tool diameter. The article presents the method of dynamic diameter determination of circular brushes, which is the diameter of the brush during rotation.
Dynamic System of Grinding of Low-Rigidity Shafts
Authors: Świć Antoni , Taranenko Victor , Gola Arkadiusz , Opielak Marek
Published: September 2015

The paper presents a methodology of building a mathematical model of dynamic system of shaft grinding under the condition of elastic strain, and the model itself. The model was worked out basing on analytical identification. The system of equations and general structural pattern of MM system of dynamic grinding are introduced. Such prepared system of equations and structural pattern of MM takes into account the geometry of machined layer and forces of cutting during the grinding, elastic properties of DS and the process of forming the section of the machined layer (ML). The specification of DS identifying for grinding the small stiffness shafts is shown.
The Operating Diagnostics in the Computer Aided Systems of Production Processes
Authors: Wittbrodt Piotr , Paszek Alfred
Published: September 2015

The paper presents the operational diagnostic problems in production systems. It briefly discusses the estimation of vibroacoustic signal characteristics used in diagnostic systems, the possibility of applications have been pointed out. Basing on the elements of the fuzzy logic, decision-making system in the areas of ambiguity during machining has been presented.An initial structure of the integrated supporting system of manufacturing processes dedicated to small and medium-sized enterprises in the metal industry have been shown. Future directions of authors’ research work have been indicated.
Application of IT Methods for the Identification and Analysis of EEG Signals
Authors: Zubrzycki Jarosław , Jonak Kamil , Opielak Grzegorz , Krukow Paweł , Maciejewski Ryszard
Published: September 2015

This paper presents the possibility of using advanced IT tools for the identification and analysis of biological signals on the example of electroencephalographic tests. Identification and numerical analysis of EEG signals from a person suffering from epilepsy during and between seizures is presented.
Parameters Tuning of an Immune Algorithm for Time-Series Pattern Recognition to Improve Ability to Escape from a Local Optimum and Achieve a Better Solution
Authors: Paprocka Iwona , Gwiazda Aleksander , Skołud Bożena
Published: September 2015

In this paper, time-series pattern recognition is applied for a damage evaluation sequence represented by a frequency response change due to a damage coefficient occurrence. The objective of this paper is parameters tuning of pattern recognition system which discovers dependencies between data entries in time-series. The influence of input parameters over the ability of the immune algorithm to identify similarity of historical sequences describing frequency response change of an object (antibodies) as a result of a damage coefficient occurrence to a sequence describing frequency response with a noise due to external disturbances (pathogen) is researched. The investigated parameters are: affinity threshold At, suppression threshold St, number of mutated genes Nm, number of iterations Ino and number of clones K. Antibodies (sequences) belonging to a given neighborhood represent a given type of damage. Antibodies from the neighborhood undergo clonal selection and affinity maturation process to achieve better affinity to the pathogen. With the best matched antibody the type of damage in the problem of time-series pattern recognition is achieved.
Manufacturability of Aircraft Winglet for Wind Tunnel Testing
Authors: Gopinath L. , Ravishankar S.
Published: September 2015

The form, shape and dimensions of the scaled down winglet model become small and thin bringing complexity to manufacturing. The trailing edge tapers to a thickness varying from 0.065mm to 0.099mm along its length. The mounting portion of the winglet is provided with a close tolerance having a slot gap of 5mm and a depth of 35 mm with an angle. Additionally, wind tunnel models require good surface finish on the aerodynamic surfaces and this involves adopting a manufacturing strategy with a control over on the metal cutting parameters to be implemented on a three axes CNC machining centre. The winglet surface is divided into segments in order to handle the cutting forces on the varying aerodynamic cross section. Various metal cutting parameters such as tool path, cutter diameter, feed rate, depth of cut, spindle speed, etc., are evaluated by monitoring segments where the metal cutting is carried out [1] and flow of chips observed. Fixtures and lugs are planned effectively to accommodate the machining of the angular slot in a three axes machining centre itself. Routing of operations to handle the varying thin sections and realisation of the close tolerance slot has enabled a reliable manufacturing approach in an economical way.
Centrifugal Casting and Characterisation of Primary Silicon and Mg2Si Dispersed Aluminium Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Midhun Krishnan P. , Hari Sanil , Jayakumar E. , Rajan T.P.D. , Narayan Prabhu K.
Published: September 2015

Aluminium based FGM rings, reinforced by in-situ primary Si and primary Si/ Mg2Si hybrid reinforcement were successfully fabricated by centrifugal casting and micro structural, chemical, hardness and corrosion characteristics were evaluated. It was observed that in Al-20Si ring the primary Si particles were present mostly in inner region and few in outer region where as in Al-20Si-3Mg ring both the primary silicon and Mg2Si were completely found in the inner region only resulting in a graded FGM structure. The hardness values were measured along radial direction of samples and variations corresponding to micro structural variation were analysed. Optical Emission spectroscopic studies have revealed the remarkable compositional changes along radial direction. Corrosion characteristics were also evaluated both in particle rich and depleted regions.
Effect of Cooling Medium on Solution Treatment Response of Titanium Alloy Ti-5Al-5V-2Mo
Authors: Anil Kumar V. , Gupta R.K. , Paul Murugan J. , Srinath J. , Manwatkar Sushant K. , Narayana Murty S.V.S.
Published: September 2015

Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace industry in the areas of pressure vessels, airframe structures, landing gears, aeroengine compressor blades etc. The principal qualities of titanium alloys required for these applications are high specific strength, low density and high specific modulus. Among the families of Ti alloys, high strength titanium alloys come under martensitic α + β and metastable β alloys. Titanium alloy Ti-5Al-5V-2Mo (BT-23) is an important example of martensitic α + β alloy similar to the work horse Ti6Al4V alloy which exhibits good combination of strength and ductility in solution treated and aged conditions. But due to quenching from solution treatment temperature, the alloy tends to retain good amount of residual stresses. The severity of residual stress increases with increase in solution treatment temperature as well as severity of quench. An attempt has been made to study the effect of air cooling subsequent to solution treatment to compare the strength of the alloy vis-à-vis that achievable during water quenching. An attempt has also been made to correlate the microstructure evolution, hardness with variation in solution treatment temperature and quench severity in titanium alloy Ti-5Al-2Mo-5V. Samples subjected to air cooling subsequent to solution treatment exhibited higher microhardness when compared to water quenched samples. It is proposed that dynamic aging and/ or stress relieving occurs during air cooling from solution treatment temperature down to room temperature. Also the fine α precipitates formed during air cooling may be resulting in higher hardness compared to the α’’/α’ formed during water quenching. The same has been supported by thermal analysis of air cooling and water quenching processes employed subsequent to solution treatment.
Heat Treatment of Friction Surfaced Steel-Aluminum Couple
Authors: Udaya Bhat K. , H.S. Nithin , Bhat Suma , Sudeendran Sudeendran
Published: September 2015

Friction surfacing is a solid state process and it is amenable for deposition of aluminum on steel. In this investigation, the mild steel surface was coated with a layer of aluminum using friction surfacing route. The aluminum thickness was in the range of 40-50 μm. It was followed by a heat treatment step to convert aluminum layer in to an aluminide layer. Heat treatment was done in open atmosphere at 700 °C for 2 hours. Microstuctural analysis showed that the aluminide layer is mainly made of Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13, FeAl and Fe3Al are minor in fraction. Formation of Fe2Al5 is discussed. The aluminide layer also has some amount of porosities.
Hot Dip Aluminizing of 9Cr-1Mo Steels and their Heat Treatment
Authors: Patel Jalpa , Huilgol Prashanth , Jamnapura Nirav , Udaya Bhat K.
Published: September 2015

Coupons of 9Cr-1Mo steels of type SA 387 Grade 9 class 2 were hot dip aluminized using Al bath at a temperature of 700 °C for 30 seconds. The samples were further heat treated at 750 °C for durations of 1, 3 and 5 hours, respectively. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The investigation showed that as coated samples contain an aluminum top coat, a reaction layer and substrate material. Within the reaction layer, two distinct regions corresponding to Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13 were identified. Chromium up to 2 at% was observed. After heat treatment Al coat was not existing. Two distinct layers, corresponding to a thick Fe2Al5 and a thin FeAl were observed at shorter heat treatment duration. Under longer heat treatment durations, multiple phases, namely, Fe2Al5, FeAl, Fe3Al and solid solution of Al in Fe were observed.
Optimization of Aging Cycle of Stainless Maraging Steel Using Dilatometric and Differential Scanning Calorimetric Analysis to Improve its Strength
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Agarwal Alok , Acharya Mayukh , Govind  , Sharma S.C.
Published: September 2015

04X13H5M5К9Л is a stainless maraging steel with high strength and excellent toughness. This alloy has been selected for making Impeller casting which is subjected to localized stresses reaching as high as 700 MPa at the tip of its vanes. The impeller rotates at 19000 RPM for 253 seconds.This alloy comprises of austenitic – martensitic dual phase at room temperature, in which martensite exhibits Body Centered Cubic (BCC) structure with moderate hardness (HRC 30) and high toughness. The required strength is achieved by precipitation of second phase particles in soft martensite matrix at suitable aging temperature. There is always a chance of reversion of martensite to austenite on heating either for extended period or at higher temperature. Thus optimization of aging temperature and time becomes highly critical keeping in mind the functional stress requirements of the component. The optimization has been done using Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analysis, dilatometric studies and experimental iterations of heat treatment temperatures and aging time.Different combination of strength and ductility could be achieved by varying heat treatment parameters. Martensite start and finish temperatures and austenitic reversion temperatures were established through DSC and dilatometric studies. Effect of subzero temperature on properties and microstructure of this steel is also presented here. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy were also carried out to analyze phases in different heat treatment conditions.
Development and Characterization of 15Cr-5Ni-1W Martensitic Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Anil Kumar V. , Karthikeyan M.K. , Gupta Rohit Kumar , Amruth M. , Ram Kumar P. , Tharian K. Thomas , Narahari Prasad S.
Published: September 2015

15Cr-5Ni-1W precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel is a martensitic PH stainless steel finding extensive use in semi-cryo engine applications. The alloy was developed through Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) + Electro slag refining (ESR) under argon cover route. The alloy contains heavy elements like Mo, Nb, V and W totalling ~ 2 % by weight. Since the alloy is martensitic, stringent gas levels were also specified. Hence it was a challenging task to realise it without any segregation and stringent gas levels. The alloy was successfully melted through two different melt routes – (C). Electric Arc melting followed by Vacuum Oxygen decarburization (VOD) - vacuum degassing (VD) followed by secondary melting by ESR and also by melt route (V) vacuum induction melting (VIM) + ESR route. It was then forged into bars, rods and rings. The samples from the alloy were subjected to two different heat treatment cycles. Both the heat treatment cycles involved hardening at 1000°C for 2 hrs followed by air cooling to room temperature. In one of the cycle, sub-zero heat treatment at-70 °C was done prior to tempering while in the other cycle; direct tempering was carried out after hardening operation. Tempering was carried out at 2 different temperatures of 490 and 500 °C to achieve the specified mechanical properties. It was found that the alloy could meet the specified strength and ductility with both the heat treatment cycles mentioned above. However samples subjected to subzero heat treatment showed marginally higher strength with slight compromise in ductility. The alloy also exhibited similar impact toughness in both the heat treatment conditions. Delta ferrite was also found to be within 2% for both the heat treatment cycles employed in this study. The alloy also exhibited excellent strength and ductility at elevated temperature of 500 °C with just 25% reduction in yield strength compared to room temperature yield strength without much change in ductility.
Thermo Mechanical Working and Heat Treatment Studies on Meta-Stable Beta Titanium Alloy (Ti15V3Al3Sn3Cr) Plates
Authors: Kumar K. Naresh , Muneshwar Pravin , Singh Satish Kumar , Jha Abhay Kumar , Pant Bhanu
Published: September 2015

The beta titanium alloys are highly cold workable in annealed condition, due to presence of single phase bcc structure (beta) at ambient temperature. The Ti15V3Al3Sn3Cr alloy is a metastable beta alloy retains single beta phase at ambient temperature by beta annealing. The beta alloys are most hardenable among titanium alloys, due to the formation of hard alpha (hcp) precipitates in beta (bcc) grains in solution treated and aged (STA) conditions. The present paper brings out the hot forging and rolling studies carried above beta transus temperature and correlating microstructure with mechanical properties in heat treated conditions (a. 800°C for 30 minutes and b. 800°C for 45 minutes, subsequent water quenched from single phase beta region plus aged at 482°C/538°C). The results conclude that solution treatment carried for 45 minutes and aged at 482°C/538°C achieved high tensile strength with improvement in ductility. This is due to less nucleation sites of alpha precipitates along the grain boundaries for the 45 minutes solution treated specimens. The Young’s modulus evaluated for solution treated (78GPa), aged at 482°C (105GPa) and 538°C (103GPa), the increase in aged conditions is due to the formation of alpha precipitates throughout the matrix and makes the alloy two phase alpha-beta system.Keywords: Metastable beta, alpha precipitates, solution treatment, tensile strength, Young’s modulus.