bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does shading mitigate water restriction in Ormosia arborea seedlings?
Authors: Reis Lucas Coutinho , Freitas Vanessa de Mauro Barbosa , Scalon Silvana de Paula Quintão , Foresti Andressa Caroline , Dresch Daiane Mugnol , Santos Cleberton Correia
Published: November 2022

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential of shading in reducing the stressful effect of water restriction on photosynthetic and antioxidant metabolism, favoring the growth of Ormosia arborea seedlings and the recovery metabolic. The shadings levels studied were: 0, 30 and 70%. Two water regimes were implemented: control, in which the plants were irrigated at 75% of soil water retention capacity and water restriction, in which the irrigation was suspended until the photosynthetic rate reached values close to zero (P0), period at which the seedlings were re-irrigated. There were two evaluation periods: P0 and recovery. We observed that water restriction reduced photosynthetic metabolism, growth and quality of O. arborea seedlings by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The seedlings present higher quality index, stomatal conductance, intrinsic carboxylation efficiency and transpiration when cultivated under 70% shading in recovery. The stressful effect of water restriction was mitigated by the shading of 70%, where the seedlings were able to recover, resuming their photosynthetic metabolism and quality after resumption of irrigation. In addition, 0% shading is not indicated for this species.
Development of microsatellite markers in Pterodon pubescens and transferability to Pterodon emarginatus, two Brazilian plant species with medicinal potential
Authors: Melo Priscila Zei , Antunes Adriana Maria , Fernandes Jordana Gontijo , Targueta Cíntia Pelegrineti , Guimarães Rejane Araújo , Boaventura-Novaes Carolina Ribeiro Diniz , Soares Thannya Nascimento
Published: November 2022

Abstract Pterodon pubescens and P. emarginatus (Leguminosae) are native medicinal plants of Brazil. Extractivism due to its therapeutic properties threatens populations of both species. Studies of genetic diversity is a way to reason the use and promote conservation. We developed microsatellite markers for P. pubescens and transferred them to P. emarginatus to further genetic diversity investigation of these species. From genomic sequences of P. pubescens, obtained via the Illumina MiSeq platform, it was possible to identify 6,514 microsatellite regions, to design 5,419 primer pairs, and to test 30 markers amplification. We provide 26 polymorphic microsatellite markers, 10 of which were genotyped in 48 individuals per species. The number of alleles per locus range from 3 to 16, with high average genetic diversity ( P. pubescens HE = 0.753; P. emarginatus HE = 0.691). The genotyped markers have a high paternity exclusion probability (Q values greater than 0.99) and low probability of identity, indicating that set of loci is capable of individual discriminating in P. pubescens and P. emarginatus. Microsatellite markers provided in this study are a tool for population genetics studies and conservation of the two species and can be applied to closely related non-model species.
Pesquisa com corpora de aprendizes de russo: estado da arte e apelo à ação
Authors: Kisselev Olesya
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Com o aumento da disponibilidade e facilidade de uso de corpora de língua russa e ferramentas de análise de corpus, o campo do ensino da língua russa começou recentemente a empregar a linguística de corpus como uma abordagem para entender a dinâmica de desenvolvimento de russo como segunda língua e língua de herança. O artigo fornece uma breve visão geral do estado atual da pesquisa na área de corpora de aprendizes e explora os benefícios da aplicação de métodos e instrumentos de linguística de corpus para o estudo do russo. O artigo revisa questões pertinentes na área de design, compilação e anotação de corpora; oferece uma visão geral dos corpora de língua russa existentes e descreve os estudos de russo como a segunda língua/língua de herança baseados em análise de corpus, atualmente disponíveis. O artigo conclui com um chamado aos especialistas na área para explorar o benefício de abordagens baseadas em corpus para o estudo do russo.
Funga faloide e floriforme (Phallales, Basidiomycota) no Estado da Bahia, Brasil.
Authors: Ribeiro Mateus Santana , Cabral Tiara Sousa , Melanda Gislaine Cristina Souza , Baseia Iuri Goulart , Silva Bianca Denise Barbosa da
Published: November 2022

RESUMO A ordem Phallales abriga fungos gasteroides conhecidos como chifres-fedidos, falsas trufas, gaiolas-de-bruxa e véus-de-noiva, e é caracterizada principalmente pelo cheiro fétido do basidioma, mecanismo de dispersão associado a insetos e gleba mucilaginosa. A ordem tem sido bem estudada no Brasil, com maior ocorrência nas regiões Sul e Nordeste do país. O Estado da Bahia apresenta apenas registros das espécies Abrachium floriforme e Lysurus sphaerocephalum. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar novas ocorrências de Phallales para o Estado. As espécies foram coletadas na Bahia, nos municípios de Elísio Medrado, Mucugê, Salvador e Uruçuca. Um espécime herborizado coletado em Lençóis foi incluído nas análises. Sete espécies foram identificadas: Abrachium floriforme, Itajahya galericulata, Mutinus caninus, M. elegans, M. verrucosus, Phallus denigricans e P. merulinus. Todas representam novas ocorrências para o Estado da Bahia, com exceção de A. floriforme. Descrições, chave de identificação, notas e fotos das espécies são disponibilizadas.
Novos registros e reconhecimento morfológico das espécies de Metaxya C. Presl (Metaxyaceae) na Amazônia brasileira1
Authors: Remedios Thayssa de Souza , Silva Anne Bárbara Barbosa da , Luciano Jackeline da Silva , Pinangé Diego Sotero de Barros , Amorim Bruno Sampaio
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O registro de novas ocorrências de espécies é de suma importância para o estudo da biodiversidade neotropical, precisando estar aliado a um conjunto de caracteres morfológicos bem definidos. Nesse sentido, com foco na biodiversidade Amazônica, o objeto do nosso estudo é o gênero Metaxya C. Presl. (Metaxyaceae). Este gênero apresenta uma ampla distribuição na América Tropical e no Brasil há relato de ocorrência de quatro das seis espécies atualmente reconhecidas no gênero: M. lanosa A. R. Sm. & Tuomisto, M. rostrata (Kunth) C.Presl, M. scalaris Tuomisto & G.G.Cárdenas e M. parkeri (Hook. & Grev.) J. Sm.. Assim, nosso objetivo foi revisitar e buscar características morfológicas diagnósticas de cada espécie que sejam mais intuitivas e que adicione mais um ponto de vista acerca do reconhecimento das espécies, e assim contribuir no entendimento da distribuição geográfica desse grupo. Para isso, foram analisadas cerca de 1.450 exsicatas de Metaxya depositadas nos herbários de instituições nacionais e do exterior. Neste trabalho são apresentadas breves descrições morfológicas das espécies ocorrentes na Amazônia brasileira, comentários sobre as diferenças morfológicas entre as espécies e suas relações filogenéticas. Adicionalmente, apresentamos uma chave de identificação, além de novas ocorrências de M. rostrata para os Estados de Rondônia e Roraima, de M. scalaris para as Antilhas e a primeira citação de M. parkeri para o bioma Cerrado. Também é indicado aqui um isolectotipo de M. parkeri na coleção do Jardim Botânico do Kew (K).
Da liberdade econômica à independência política do Brasil (1808-1822)
Authors: Cardoso José Luís
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Este artigo discute as condições econômicas que ditaram o fim do regime de exclusivo colonial que caracterizou o relacionamento entre Portugal e o Brasil até 1808, ano em que foi decretada a abertura dos portos brasileiros ao comércio internacional. Tais condições ajudam a compreender a impossibilidade de reconstrução do Império após a Revolução Liberal de 1820, conforme claramente intuíram alguns deputados às Cortes Constituintes. A miragem de uma recolonização impraticável constituiu, no entanto, importante estímulo para a construção da independência política da nação brasileira.
O Brasil e a questão colonial: Liberato e O Campeão Português em Lisboa (1822-23)
Authors: Machado Adelaide Vieira
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O século XIX iniciou como tinha terminado o anterior, com as lutas pela independência das colônias americanas face às monarquias coloniais europeias. As ideias de nação e de povo que a constitui, de opinião pública que lhes dá uma identidade conjunta, transpareciam ou davam uma nova consistência à literatura de todos os publicistas liberais dos inícios do Oitocentos, isto é, a ligação imediata entre pensamento e ação. Esta ligação era o embasamento do conceito de mudança na nova forma de encarar a política, como saber e como método de compreensão do mundo. A Independência do Brasil no contexto mundial em que aconteceu, contribuiu para a teorização e debate da ideia colonial, de império e imperialismo. Sem pretendermos esgotar o assunto, procuramos estabelecer aqui uma ponte de compreensão entre esse debate na atualidade, e na época em que aconteceu.
LEI DE COTAS +10: O FINANCIAMENTO COMO DESAFIO
Authors: Silvério Valter Roberto , Trindade Luana Ribeiro da , Conceição Iberê Araujo da , Silva Nikolas Pallisser
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Apesar da ampliação do horizonte de expectativas para a juventude negra a partir das ações afirmativas, não houve consideração tanto por legisladores quanto pelos movimentos sociais de um aspecto fundamental da política para os próximos dez anos: o seu financiamento. Por meio de pesquisa documental em leis, jornais, documentos do movimento social negro e de Congressos Internacionais, observamos que os antecedentes transnacionais via UNESCO produziram uma agenda política inovadora por parte de intelectuais negros e permitiu a construção de um campo normativo com base na diversidade cultural. A sua retomada após a abertura política provocou distintas reações, resultando no questionamento e no redirecionamento da constituição do Fundo Social do Pré-Sal, que viria a financiar, entre outras políticas públicas, a democratização do Ensino Superior.
“LEITURA DO MUNDO” E EDUCAÇÃO EM PAULO FREIRE
Authors: Britto Luiz Percival Leme , Di Giorgi Cristiano Amaral Garboggini
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O artigo tem por objetivo examinar os sentidos e aplicações que se podem aferir da expressão “leitura do mundo” na obra de Paulo Freire e considerar o limite do uso dessa expressão, bem como sua contextualização. Para tanto, organizamos a discussão em duas sessões: a primeira trata da emergência do pensamento freireano e a consciência de pertencimento ao mundo; a segunda trata da compreensão freireana de “leitura do mundo”, considerando especialmente a relação entre de leitura e as ações de ler e estudar na perspectiva desse autor.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA UMA EPISTEMOLOGIA DA PESQUISA BIOGRÁFICA EM EDUCAÇÃO: A FORÇA DA TEORIA E DO CONTEXTO SÓCIO-HISTÓRICO
Authors: Quiroga Fernando Lionel
Published: November 2022

Neste ensaio elaboramos uma reflexão sobre algumas características da pesquisa (auto)biográfica em educação. Fizemo-lo tomando como referência autores que tem interpretado a realidade do mundo contemporâneo. No que tange aos impactos do mundo do trabalho, recuperamos elementos importantes da sociedade de desempenho e da sociedade do cansaço de Byun-Chul Han, especialmente a partir dos argumentos centrais do autor, ao destacar o paradigma da positividade das sociedades contemporâneas e suas consequências na vida, seja em âmbito pessoal ou profissional. Avançamos no debate buscando caracterizar o cenário educacional contemporâneo dando destaque à pesquisa (auto)biográfica como modalidade singular na pesquisa educacional. Destacamos como principais resultados em favor da constituição do campo epistemológico da pesquisa educacional os seguintes aspectos: a) a importância da teoria como instrumento de contextualização da realidade contemporânea e do campo educacional; b) o sentido de afirmação da vida, em um momento de “morte da educação” ou “morte do educador”; c) a propriedade terapêutica do gênero (auto)biográfico.
A long-term study on structural changes in calcium aluminate silicate hydrates
Authors: Barzgar Sonya , Yan Yiru , Tarik Mohamed , Skibsted Jorgen , Ludwig Christian , Lothenbach Barbara
Published: November 2022

Production of blended cements in which Portland cement is combined with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is an effective strategy for reducing the CO2 emissions during cement manufacturing and achieving sustainable concrete production. However, the high Al2O3 and SiO2 contents of SCM change the chemical composition of the main hydration product, calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (C–A–S–H). Herein, spectroscopic and structural data for C–A–S–H gels are reported in a large range of equilibration times from 3 months up to 2 years and Al/Si molar ratios from 0.001 to 0.2. The 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis indicate that in addition to the C–A–S–H phase, secondary phases such as strätlingite, katoite, Al(OH)3 and calcium aluminate hydrate are present at Al/Si ≥ 0.03 limiting the uptake of Al in C–A–S–H. More secondary phases are present at higher Al concentrations; their content decreases with equilibration time while more Al is taken up in the C–A–S–H phase. At low Al contents, Al concentrations decrease strongly with time indicating a slow equilibration, in contrast to high Al contents where a clear change in Al concentrations over time was not observed indicating that the equilibrium has been reached faster. The 27Al NMR studies show that tetrahedrally coordinated Al is incorporated in C–A–S–H and its amount increases with the amount of Al present in the solution.
Fault diagnosis in mobile computing using TwinSVM
Authors: Malhotra Neha , Bala Manju , Puri Vikram
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Mobile computing systems (MCS) comes up with the challenge of low communication bandwidth and energy due to the mobile nature of the network. These features sometimes may come up with the undesirable behaviour of the system that eventually affects the efficiency of the system.

Problem: Fault tolerance in MCS will increase the efficiency of the system even in the presence of faults.

Objective: The main objective of this work is the development of the Monitoring Framework and Fault Detection and Classification.

Methodology: For the Node Monitoring and for the detection and classification of faults in the system a neighbourhood comparison-based technique has been proposed. The proposed framework uses Twin Support Vector Machine (TWSVM) algorithm has been applied to build classifier for fault classification in the mobile network.

Results: The proposed system has been compared with the existing techniques and has been evaluated towards calculating the detection accuracy, latency, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, false classification rate and false positive rate.

Conclusion: The proposed framework performs better in terms of all the selected parameters.
Prospects of using mineral material for thermal insulation of sandwich pipes of chimneys
Authors: Anosova E. B. , Budykina T. A.
Published: November 2022

The problem of an increased level of fire danger in the residential sector among private houses and at the administrative and public buildings can be solved by reducing the flammability of both the entire structure and individual components of the building structure. In this paper, the possibility of using a magnesium-containing mineral to protect the chimneys of the sandwich pipe structure from excessive heating and to increase the level of fire safety during the organization of furnace heating is considered. Based on the results of studies using, a positive conclusion was made about the prospects of using the studied material as a filler with or sandwich pipes. The reduction of overheating of the roof elements in this case will occur due to the individual physico-chemical properties of the filler. This will reduce the number of chemical gorenje inhibitors that have a negative impact on the environment and people, to protect the wooden elements of the roof structure. Ill. 5. Ref. 18. Tab. 1.
Features of compaction in the combustion process of a system based on (Ni‒Al)/(SiO2, Al2O3, 3Al2O3∙2SiO2)
Authors: Sychev A. E. , Busurina M. L. , Vadchenko C. G.
Published: November 2022

The possibility of using the method of self-propagating hightemperature synthesis to obtain high-temperature cermet materials and non-removable layer compounds based on (NiAl)/oxide, where the oxides are SiO2, Al2O3 and 3Al2O3·2SiO2, is investigated. The thermodynamic analysis of gorenje reactions was carried out and the properties of the synthesized products were investigated. An alternative method of creating a layered material with different content of oxide phases opens up wide possibilities for its use as heat insulators and special elements for high-temperature applications. Ill.8. Ref. 16. Tab. 1.
Mechanism of excitatioon of natural vibrations of fireclay products and its application in flaw detection
Authors: Konovalov A. M. , Kugushev V. I.
Published: November 2022

In this article, using the example of developing a technique for non-destructive testing of a fireclay product («asterisks») using the natural vibrations of the object of control, a mathematical model is presented that allows us to specifically describe the process of converting an external dynamic effect into the natural vibrations of the part. The peculiarity of the model is that, firstly, it is a carrier of the free energy of elastic deformation and the process of natural oscillations is formed in it. Secondly, the model is a Riemannian space in which all dynamic parameters are constant and reduced to zero, i.e. the model does not exist physically, but only as a functional space. The proposed model can serve as an effective tool for analyzing the processes observed during non-destructive testing and vibration diagnostics. Ill. 7. Ref. 22.
Distribución ecogeográfica y áreas de ocupación de Castilla elastica cerv. en México
Authors: Montero-Hernández Diana Beatriz , Vargas-Simón Georgina , Nuñez-Piedra Manuel Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

Antecedentes: Castilla elastica, árbol conocido desde la época prehispánica por su producción de látex, emblemática para México; la eminente deforestación es una amenaza para su supervivencia en México y Tabasco.
Preguntas: ¿En qué condiciones ecológicas se distribuye C. elastica en México? ¿En cuántas áreas de ocupación se localiza?
Especie de estudio: Castilla elastica Cerv.
Sitio y años de estudio: República Mexicana y estado de Tabasco, México. Enero-diciembre 2019.
Métodos: Se obtuvieron registros de diferentes fuentes virtuales y en herbarios, así como de visitas de campo en Tabasco.  Los puntos de distribución se georreferenciaron, los datos se convirtieron al formato “shapefile” mediante el programa QGis 3.16.6. Las Áreas de Ocupación (AO) se calcularon de acuerdo con el método Cartográfico por Conglomerados.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron 615 datos. Se constató que la especie se distribuye generalmente en las zonas tropicales de México, principalmente en Chiapas, su intervalo altitudinal es de 0-1,660 m. Está asociada a 11 unidades de suelo, a ecosistemas selváticos y agroecosistemas. El total de AO consistió en 43 conglomerados y 20 satélites que se ubicaron principalmente en el Golfo de México.
Conclusiones: Históricamente C. elastica tiene una distribución en ambas vertientes de México, prefiere climas cálidos (A), de transición A(C) y suelos Leptosols. Se obtuvieron registros actuales para Tabasco, donde se encuentra particularmente en cacaotales. El AO de mayor superficie corresponde a Campeche, Yucatán y Quintana Roo que coincide con la zona del Corredor Biológico Mesoamericano, este trabajo aporta datos sobre sus preferencias ecológicas que servirán para su conservación sustentable.
VIOLENCE IS NOT A CRIME: The impact of ‘acceptable’ violence on South African society
Authors: Collins Anthony
Published: November 2022

In his book, A Country at War with Itself, Antony Altbeker has highlighted that the extraordinary and distressing feature of crime in South Africa is not how common it is, but how violent. This analysis moves on from that point, arguing that rather than focusing on violent crime as a specific type of criminality, we should examine violence as a separate category that sometimes overlaps with crime and sometimes does not. This shift in focus reveals that it is not South African crime that is so violent, but South African society in general. It shows that many of these forms of violence are both legal and socially acceptable. This includes violence in childrearing, intimate relationships, education, sport, film and television, establishing social identities, and political negotiation, to name but a few significant areas. An examination of these popular and accepted forms of violence provides a revealing analysis of how these patterns are reproduced socially and psychologically, explaining how individuals and groups come to use violence as an everyday strategy of social negotiation. This analysis makes it clear that violent crime is a reflection of deeper patterns of violence within the society, and highlights the importance of including approaches other than law enforcement in reducing violence in South Africa.
BOOK REVIEW: Victimology in South Africa
Authors: Hargovan Hema
Published: November 2022

No abstract
Chief’s justice? Mining, accountability and the law in the Bakgatla-ba-Kgafela Traditional Authority Area
Authors: Mnwana Sonwabile
Published: November 2022

Drawing on research conducted in the Bakgatla-ba-Kgafela traditional authority area in North West Province, this article explores how the expansion of platinum mining on communal land is generating resistance to a local chief. The point at issue is the chief’s refusal to account for the mining revenues and business transactions that his traditional authority manages on the community’s behalf. The article argues that the North West High Court’s interpretation of customary law not only leaves the chief’s unaccountability unchecked but also endorses the punishment of village activists who call the chief to account. Hence it remains extremely difficult for ordinary rural residents to challenge the chief to account for vast mineral revenues that he controls on behalf of their communities. Consequently rural anti-corruption activists are losing faith in the justice system.
On the record with Hugh Eiser and Brendan Boyle
Authors: Eiser Hugh
Published: November 2022

The provincial government of North West has consistently failed to protect the Bapo-ba-Mogale community in dealings with Lonmin Plc over the exploitation of the platinum reserves on the farms they call home. It is alleged that hundreds of millions of rand owed to these rural people may have been misspent or misappropriated, and more that should have been their due has never been paid out. Johannesburg attorney Hugh Eiser has been fighting the Bapo community’s case for more than a decade, tackling government and corporate authorities in a relentless effort to win a fair deal for people who have seen little benefit from the riches under their feet. Brendan Boyle, senior researcher at the Centre for Law and Society at the University of Cape Town, spoke to him about the Bapo story.
History versus customary law: Commission on Traditional Leadership: Disputes and Claims
Authors: Peires Jeff
Published: November 2022

This article examines the practices of the Commission on Traditional Leadership: Disputes and Claims, set up under the Framework Act of 2003 to ‘cleanse’ the institution of traditional leadership by ridding it of the illegitimate traditional leaders installed during the colonial and homeland eras. Close analysis of the Commission’s hearings and determinations with regard to kingship claims by the Western Mpondo and Mpumalanga Ndebele shows that the Commission violated not only the historical past but even the limited constraints of binding legislation, in order to impose its own preferences in the name of custom. The experience of the Commission therefore highlights one of the most fundamental deficiencies in the Framework Act, namely insisting on the guiding role of ‘custom’ while failing to define the meaning of the term and its implications.
‘Freedom from all forms of violence’: Using Zimbabwe’s new Constitution to encourage rape law reform
Authors: Coltart Douglas
Published: November 2022

The right to ‘freedom from all forms of violence from public or private sources’, enshrined in Zimbabwe’s new Constitution, could have a significant impact on efforts to end violence against women (VAW) in the country. The right is particularly relevant in the Zimbabwean context where VAW occurs in a range of settings, from the most intimate of relationships in the home to the state’s use of rape as a political weapon. One way in which the state can fulfil its duty to address VAW is through the reform of the country’s rape law. With comparative reference to the impact of the right to freedom from violence in South African law, this article discusses three areas of Zimbabwean law that present potential obstacles to achieving justice for rape survivors: the definition of the rime of rape, the abolished but tenacious cautionary rule, and the sentencing of sexual offenders.
Protecting child offenders’ rights: Testing the constitutionality of the National Register for sex offenders
Authors: Hansungule Zita
Published: November 2022

The Constitutional Court recently declared the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 2007 (Act 32 of 2007) unconstitutional in its requirement that the names of child offenders be automatically included on the National Register for Sex Offenders when convicted of a sexual offence against a child or a person with disability. The Court held that automatic inclusion on the Register violated a child’s right in terms of section 28(2) to have their best interests taken into account as the paramount consideration in every matter affecting the child. The Court held that the individual circumstances of children should be taken into account and that they should be given the opportunity to be heard by the sentencing court regarding the placement of their details on the Register. The Court decided that sentencing courts should be given the discretion to decide whether to place a child on the Register or not.
Early Intervention: A foundation for lifelong violence prevention
Authors: Skeen Sarah , Tomlinson Mark , Ward Catherine L , Cluver Lucie , Lachman Jamie
Published: November 2022

High levels of violence affect every family in South Africa. Exposure to violence starts early, in both the home and community. There are high levels of physical abuse of children, and the national under-five homicide rate is more than double that of other low- and middle-income countries. Rates of violence are particularly high in poorer communities in the country, and many children already made vulnerable by poverty are also at risk from increased exposure to violence.
Databases for stolen art: Progress, prospects and limitations
Authors: Roodt Christa , Benson Bernadine
Published: November 2022

Addressing the illicit trade in stolen works of art and other heritage items is notoriously difficult. Before thefts of heritage items can be recorded, the object in question must be identified as having special significance. The investigation of the circumstances in which such an object was acquired and the enforcement of legal and ethical standards of acquisition become unduly complicated in the absence of a comprehensive national inventory of museum holdings and of a database of stolen art and cultural objects. This article considers the development of inventories and databases in South Africa and elsewhere. We argue that cross-sectoral cooperation in sharing databases needs to improve significantly in order to boost compliance with due diligence standards. To help restore the credibility of the trade in art and cultural objects, the South African Heritage Resources Information System site must be endorsed as the centralised database for heritage crime. This would provide ready access to databases, helping art market participants, law enforcement officers and customs officials in the investigation of stolen art works.
Preventing crime and violence through work and wages: The impact of the CommunityWork Programme
Authors: Bruce David
Published: November 2022

The article offers an analysis of the potential impact of the Community Work Programme (CWP) on crime and violence. The CPW is a public employment programme that was formally established within the government in 2010. The CWP may have an impact on crime and violence through a number of different ‘pathways’. One of these, the focus of this article, is through wages provided to the participants, 75% of whom are women. Notable here is the likely impact of these wages on the households of participants, including on their children and intimate partner relations. Whereas the CWP may have a beneficial impact on children in a household, there appears to be the potential that the CWP may aggravate the risk of violence, particularly for female participants who have unemployed partners. The article argues that if the crime prevention potential of the CWP is to be optimised, this motivates for providing ‘gender training’ to participants who may be at risk of intimate partner violence. In addition, limited male participation may reinforce a pattern of male exclusion, motivating for increasing the participation of men within the CWP.
Bokolo v S 2014 (1)sacr 66 (sca): The practicality of challenging dna evidence in court
Authors: Lubaale Emma Charlene
Published: November 2022

The techniques used in DNA profiling are well established and scientifically validated. The scientific validity of DNA evidence can, however, be so persuasive that such evidence risks being reduced to proof of guilt or innocence. Thus, the incorrect use of DNA evidence could lead to a miscarriage of justice where the innocent are convicted and the guilty are acquitted. Drawing from the Supreme Court of Appeal decision in Bokolo v S (Bokolo case), this case note discusses how DNA evidence can be placed in its proper forensic context. The article sets out the ideal role of expert witnesses, the role of opposing or neutral experts, and the active role of judicial officers in evaluating DNA evidence.
Intelligence-led policing: A proactive approach to combating corruption
Authors: Budhram Trevor
Published: November 2022

Corruption causes substantial social and economic harm. The South African government’s attempts to combat corruption have relied on strengthening legislation, introducing statutory investigative bodies, initiating public anti-corruption campaigns, and appealing to the integrity of individuals. Yet corruption remains a big problem in South Africa. However, one approach that has yet to be pursued is intelligence-led policing (ILP). ILP is a model built around proactive risk assessment and risk management. This article explains how ILP can be used to investigate corruption in South Africa.
Avoiding another Marikana massacre: Why police leadership matters
Authors: Newham Gareth
Published: November 2022

The Marikana Commission of Inquiry report presented damning findings against the South African Police Service (SAPS) National Commissioner, Riah Phiyega, and the senior commanders involved in the Marikana massacre. Their decision to disarm and disperse striking miners was found to be flawed and to have resulted in police officers unjustifiably shooting 112 striking mineworkers, killing 34 of them. Moreover, their integrity was found wanting on the basis that Phiyega and her senior commanders withheld crucial evidence, constructed misleading evidence, and provided untruthful testimony before the commission. This article argues that a necessary condition for improvements to take place in the SAPS relates to improving the top leadership of the organisation. Fortunately, the National Development Plan provides a starting point as to how this can be achieved.‘Police supervisors at any level need to be aware that their behaviour has a strong impact on the organisational culture, which in turn contributes to police behaviour.’
ФЕНОМЕН ОМНИМЕДИА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КИТАЙСКОЙ ГАЗЕТЫ PEOPLE’S DAILY)
Authors: БАТУРИН Юрий Михайлович , СИНЬЦЗЮНЬ Юй
Published: November 2022

Проанализаровано новое для теории и практики СМИ понятие «омнимедиа». Проиллюстрированы становление и практика омнимедиа на примере одной из ведущих газет КНР — People’s Daily. Описано, как на основе искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) и технологии больших данных в КНР была создана платформа для производства и эксплуатации ИИ в СМИ, как она была запущена в интеллектуальную среду, ориентированную на омнимедиа, которые объединяют интеллектуальное производство и распространение информации.
Perceived discrimination and alcohol consumption in an indigenous population
Authors: Camacho-Martínez Jasmin U. , López-García Karla Selene , Herrera-Medina Daniel , Guzmán-Facundo Francisco Rafael , González Angulo Pedro
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Indigenous populations are considered a vulnerable minority and have characteristics such as poverty, difficulties to access food, housing, and educational backwardness; these conditions make them prone to alcohol consumption problems. Dependence on alcohol consumption probably arises as a symbol of protest, challenge, and response to social anguish, which has in turn repercussions in marginal population sectors that have conditions of fragility due to exploitation and discrimination, such as indigenous people. Objective. To know the effect of perceived discrimination on alcohol consumption in Mexican indigenous population. Method. Research design was descriptive, correlational check-model, with a sample of 362 adults from two indigenous communities. Results. A simple linear regression model was performed, which shows a significant effect in the entire model (F[248] = 78.312, p = .001), which explains 49% of the variance of alcohol consumption. A significant positive influence was also found from the perceived discrimination variable (β = .626, p #abr# .001) on alcohol consumption. Discussion and conclusion. The studied indigenous communities had characteristics that the literature highlights as risk factors for developing addictive behaviors of alcohol consumption. These results coincide with those of the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous population present discrimination problems that are associated with alcohol consumption problems.
Paired Model Experiment “Believe/Do Not Believe” — The Ability to Highlight Non-Verbal Signs Of Reliability/Unreliability of the Information Reported
Authors: Zhegallo A.V. , Basul I.A.
Published: November 2022

As markers of reliability/inaccuracy of the reported information, there have been repeated attempts to use the partial facial features identified by experts. Our research proposes a transition to analysis at the level of automatically identified integral mimic patterns. To solve this problem, a model paired experiment was conducted in which participants had to repeatedly make a decision to tell the truth/lie. The analysis of facial expressions was performed by automatically calculating the coordinates of key points and further extracting integral facial expression patterns using the method of principal components. At the level of loads of the main components, signs of making a decision “to lie/tell the truth” for the sample as a whole and for individual subjects are highlighted. It was found that holistic patterns of facial expressions associated with the reliability/unreliability of the reported information at “low rates” are characterized by high individual variability. As a direction for further research on facial expressions, a transition to the study of the individual repertoire of integral patterns of facial expressions is proposed.
Specifics of Perception of Verbal Indications and Graphic Expressions of Basic Emotions by Children of Elementary and Middle School Age
Authors: Khoze E.G. , Basul I.A. , Lupenko E.A. , Yuryeva M.V. , Marinova M.M.
Published: November 2022

The work studied the components of emotional competence of children of primary and secondary school age using the method of semantic differential. An analysis was made of differences in the distribution of verbal designation assessments and a comparison of the assessment profiles of verbal designations and graphic expressions (of different levels of severity) of 9 basic emotions. It is shown that the lowest level of differences in the assessments of verbal designations of children of primary and secondary school age is observed for the emotions of “joy”, “anger”, “fear” and “disgust”; the most different assessments are “interest”, “contempt” and “shame”; “guilt”, “surprise” and “sadness” occupy an intermediate position. The affective vocabulary of children of primary school age is represented by affective concepts understood at the level of children of secondary school age: “joy”, “anger” and “fear”; as well as characteristics that are extremely pronounced in terms of valence — “friendly / hostile”, and associated with communication needs — “social / unsociable”. The results obtained can be useful in the further use of graphic expressions of basic emotions as a stimulus material for studying the characteristics of perception and in the procedures for self-assessment of emotions when working with children of primary and secondary school age.
Semantic Equivalence as the Basis for Intermodal Integration
Authors: Lupenko E.A. , Korolkova O.A.
Published: November 2022

We studied the mechanisms of combining sensory information across different modalities. The results of the experimental study indicate that when comparing objects in different modalities, observers rely not on modal-specific characteristics, but on general semantic content. Similar results were obtained for two types of comparison: verbal (the words denoting a particular emotion were compared with pictures of emotions) and non-verbal, where pictures of emotions and emotional faces were the objects of comparison. In addition, the data of the conducted study indicate that the semantic content is successfully extracted both during a sufficiently long stimuli presentation (2 s) and when solving a near-threshold problem (reducing the exposure time to 30 ms, as well as to 30 ms with forward mask), i.e. in the absence of time for the formation of a representation, which indicates the presence of early semantic information processing. Importantly, reducing the exposure time to near-threshold values in some cases leads to a more efficient comparison of objects. We suggest that the same cognitive mechanism underlies the comparison and integration of heterogeneous objects of any modality.
Technology Implications of UWB on Wireless Sensor Network-A detailed Survey
Authors: Ayub Kamran , Zagurskis Valerijs
Published: November 2022

In today’s high tech “SMART” world sensor based networks are widely used. The main challenge with wireless-based sensor networks is the underneath physical layer. In this survey, we have identified core obstacles of wireless sensor network when UWB is used at PHY layer. This research was done using a systematic approach to assess UWB’s effectiveness (for WSN) based on information taken from various research papers, books, technical surveys and articles. Our aim is to measure the UWB’s effectiveness for WSN and analyze the different obstacles allied with its implementation. Starting from existing solutions to proposed theories. Here we have focused only on the core concerns, e.g. spectrum, interference, synchronization etc.Our research concludes that despite all the bottlenecks and challenges, UWB’s efficient capabilities makes it an attractive PHY layer scheme for the WSN, provided we can control interference and energy problems. This survey gives a fresh start to the researchers and prototype designers to understand the technological concerns associated with UWB’s implementation
Koroziv madde alımı olan çocukların uzun dönem akciğer kapasitelerinin spirometri ile değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ATICI Ahmet , DİKMEN Nursel , ÇELİKKAYA Mehmet
Published: November 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada korozif madde alımı sonucu özofagus striktürü gelişen ve mükerrer defa özofagus dilatasyonu işlemi yapılan hastaların uzun dönem akciğer durumlarının spirometri ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Ocak 2014 – Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında merkezimize KMA nedeniyle başvuran hastalar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar; Grup 1: Kontrol grubu (n=23) Grup 2: Korozif madde alımı sonrası dilatasyon işlemine ihtiyacı olmayan ve kür sağlanmış hastalar (n=9) Grup 3: Korozif madde alımına bağlı özofagus striktürü gelişen ve genel anestezi altında dilatsyon işlemi uygulanan hastalar (n=9) olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Değerlendirme için; 1. Saniyedeki zorlu ekspiratuar akım hızı (FEV1), zorlu vital kapasite (FVC), FEV1/FVC ve zorlu ekspirasyon ortası akım hızı (FEF 25-75) parametreleri kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Yapılan istatistik analizi sonuçlarına göre FEV1, FVC ve FEF 25-75 gibi değerlerin üzerinde dilatasyon işleminin etkisi incelendiğinde Grup 1-2 için FEV1 (p=0.02) ve FVC (p =0,01) değerleri arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamı, grup1-3 ve grup 2-3 arasında anlamsız (p>0,05) saptandı. FEV1/FVC (p>0.05) ve FEF 25-75 (p>0.05) arasında hiçbir grupta anlamlı fark saptanmadı.

Sonuç: Hastalarımızın spirometre ile değerlendirilen akciğer kapasitelerinde uzun dönem olumsuz bir etkilenme tespit edilememiştir.
Trakya Bölgesindeki Hastalardan İzole Edilen Brucella Kökenlerinin İn Vitro Antibiyotik Duyarlılığı
Authors: TİKVEŞLİ Melek , YÜKSEL MAYDA Pelin , KULOGLU Figen
Published: November 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Brucella kökenlerinde tür tayini yapılması ve in vitro olarak doksisiklin, rifampisin, streptomisin, seftriakson, siprofloksasin ve ofloksasinine karşı antimikrobiyal duyarlılık oranlarının belirlenmesini amaçladık.

Yöntem: Mayıs 1997-Ocak 2002 tarihleri arasında Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi, Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarında, yatan hastalardan alınan klinik örneklerde (bir adet BOS ve 41 adet kan kültürü örneğinde) 42 Brucella suşu izole edildi. Konvensiyonel yöntemler ile 42 Brucella suşunun, 41 Brucella. melitensis, bir tanesi ise Brucella abortus olarak tanımlandı. Agar dilüsyon yöntemi ile farklı iki pH’da (pH:5, pH:7) 48 ve 72 saatlik inkübasyon süreleri sonunda antibiyotiklerin etkinliği karşılaştırıldı. Minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonu (MİK) değerleri, intraselüler patojenlerin antibiyotik duyarlılık testi için hazırlanmış ‘Eucast Discussion Document E.Dis 6.1’ de önerildiği şekilde değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: pH:7’de 48 ve 72 saatlik inkübasyonlar sonrası elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırıldığında, sadece ofloksasinin MİK50 ve MİK90 değerlerinin iki katına yükseldiği görüldü. pH:5’de 72 saatlik inkübasyon süresi sonunda rifampisinin etkinliği artarken, doksisiklin etkinliğinin değişmediği gözlenmiştir. Streptomisin, seftriakson, siprofloksasin ve ofloksasinin ise etkinliklerinin azaldığı gözlendi.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda pH:7’de ve 48 saatlik inkübasyon süresi sonunda MİK90 değerlerine göre antibakteriyel ilaçlar Brucella kökenleri üzerine etkili olarak saptandı. Doksisiklin, pH:5 ve pH:7’de, 48 ve 72 saatlik inkübasyon süreleri sonunda MİK90 değerlerine göre en etkili antibakteriyel ilaç olarak saptandı. Brucella cinsinde yer alan bakteriler fakültatif hücre içi mikroorganizmalardır ve hücre içi benzeri pH:5 olan ortamda streptomisin, seftriakson, siprofloksasin ve ofloksasinin etkinlikleri azalmaktadır. Bruselloz tedavisinde bu durum göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Vancomycin Resistance Genes in Patients Hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: OKUYAN Ömer , AKSARAY Necmi , KIZILYILDIRIM Suna , ÖNLEN GÜNERİ Cansu , KÖKSAL Fatih
Published: November 2022

Objective: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection and colonization are seen increasingly frequently, especially among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In this study, the aim was to detect VRE in swab samples taken from patients hospitalized in the Pediatric ICU (PICU), colonization, and to investigate the clonal relationship between isolates.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, swab samples were taken from the external auditory canal (EAC), umbilical region, and rectal region from 82 patients hospitalized in the Çukurova University Balcalı Hospital PICU. The 246 swab samples from patients were inoculated on Kanamycin-Esculin-Azide agar. Isolates were identified with the help of the BBL Crystal Gram-Positive identification system. The susceptibility of the isolates to vancomycin (30 µg) was investigated by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI criteria. VanA-VanB genes in phenotypically defined vancomycin-resistant enterococci were investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The clonal relationship between vancomycin-susceptible (VSE) and -resistant enterococci was determined by the SmaI-PFGE method.

Results: A total of 49 (20.3%) enterococcal strains were isolated from 246 swab samples from the patients, of which 14 (28.5%) were VRE. Of the enterococci isolates, 27 (55.10%) were E. faecium and 13 (26.53%) were E. feacalis. While VanA type resistance was detected in 11 of the vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. feacalis isolates, VanB type resistance was not detected in any sample. There was no significant clonal relationship between the isolates.

Conclusion: Although the prevalence of VRE in the PICU was high throughout the study, no enterococcal infection was observed.
Brakial pleksopatide klinik, EMG ve MR nörografi bulgularının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARAZİNCİR Sinem , TURHANOĞLU Ayşe Dicle , OKUYUCU Esra , BURAKGAZİ Gülen
Published: November 2022

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı brakial pleksopatide MR nörografi sonuçlarını elektrodiagnostik test ile birlikte değerlendirmek ve MR nörografinin yararlığını saptamaktır.

Yöntem: Brakial pleksopati şüphesi bulunan ve elektrodiagnostik test yapılan 50 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. MR nörografide Brakiyal pleksusun kök, gövde ve kord seviyesinde seyri, kalibrasyonu, sinyal yoğunluğu ve devamlılığı 2 bağımsız radyolog tarafından değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Elektrodiagnostik test altın standart tanı testi kabul edilerek yapılan analizde MR nörografinin tanısal doğruluk, duyarlılık, özgüllüğü; 1. okuyucu için sırasıyla %64, %45.16, %94.73; 2. okuyucu için sırasıyla %74, %67.74, %84.21 idi. Okuyucular arası tutarlılık %78 idi.

Sonuç: Brakial pleksopati klinik şüphesi bulunan hastalarda MR’ın duyarlılığı ve okuyucular arasındaki uyum orta derecede bulundu. MR nörografi brakial pleksopatiyi gösterebilir ancak pleksusun normal görünümü pleksopati tanısını dışlamamalıdır.
Is being a refugee affect prenatal bonding scores of Syrian women in Turkey?
Authors: YILDIRIM KÖPÜK Şule , NACİ Nida , ÇEKMEZ Yasemin
Published: November 2022

Objective: The development of the bond between mother and infant already starts during prenatal life, which is called prenatal bonding is the emotional tie or the bond that generally develops between the pregnant woman and her unborn child. We aimed at investigating the effect of being a refugee on prenatal bonding.

Method: A total of 152 pregnant women in the third trimester, 76 Syrian refugees and 76 Turkish, were included in the study, which was planned as a descriptive cross-sectional study. Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), consisting of 21 items, was applied to collect data before delivery.

Results: The total PAI score of Syrian pregnant was significantly lower than Turkish pregnant (60.17±8.9 vs. 63.53±8.3, p=0.019). For those whose education time period was longer, PAI scores were higher (r=0.279 and p