bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The soil–cryogenic complex: Evidence of late Pleistocene–Holocene coevolution of permafrost and cryosols at the Kolyma Lowland
Authors: Lupachev Alexey , Gubin Stanislav
Published: May 2023

One of the most important problems of cryopedology is the interaction of pedogenic processes with the processes that form the structure of the uppermost layers of the near‐surface permafrost. The thickness, structure, spatial variability, and other features are responsible for the reaction of the soil‐permafrost system to the bioclimatic fluctuations as well as the contemporary anthropogenic pressure. Together the soil profile and the upper layers of permafrost form the natural body of the “soil–cryogenic complex,” which is the result of simultaneous late Pleistocene–Holocene soil and permafrost coevolution. Pedogenic and cryogenic processes together form organic‐accumulative horizons above the permafrost table that have often been described in the profiles of Cryosols in different regions of Arctic. The multiannual dynamics of summer thawing depth determine the involvement of the material of these shielding horizons into the zone of active modern pedogenesis or its exclusion from it in case of their frozen state. Soil surface microrelief, complexity of the vegetation, and spatial differences of thermal properties of the suprapermafrost soil horizons and the transient layer of permafrost are responsible for the complicated pattern of permafrost table microrelief. Thus, the long‐term study of cryogenic soils that are developed on the close underlying permafrost provides improved understanding of the natural‐historical body—soil‐cryogenic complex.
Material Discrimination in Nanoparticle Hetero‐Aggregates by Analysis of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Images
Authors: Gerken Beeke , Mahr Christoph , Stahl Jakob , Grieb Tim , Schowalter Marco , Krause Florian F. , Mehrtens Thorsten , Mädler Lutz , Rosenauer Andreas
Published: May 2023

Hetero‐contacts are interfaces between different materials at the nanoscale leading to novel functional properties. In hetero‐aggregates, primary particles of at least two different materials are mixed at primary particle or cluster level. Double flame spray pyrolysis (DFSP) is a versatile technique for the controlled synthesis of such materials. Characterization of hetero‐aggregates by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) requires acquisition and evaluation of many aggregate images in order to derive statistically significant results. Usually, STEM energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS) is used to acquire elemental maps providing the material distribution of the primary particles within hetero‐aggregates. However, the acquisition of a single EDXS map takes up to several minutes. For this reason, determination of material types of primary particles from the intensity in high‐angle annular dark field STEM images alone is desirable. These images can be acquired within a couple of seconds. In the present work, a method is suggested which allows for achieving this objective. It can be applied to distinguish materials with a significant difference in their atomic number and hence sufficient material contrast in the STEM images.
Study of the Surface and Bulk States of Bi2Te3 Topological Insulators Using Terahertz Time‐Domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Ding Lan , Wu Min , Zhou Shun , Zhu Ludan , Wen Hua , Cheng Xingjia , Xu Wen
Published: May 2023

Topological insulators (TIs) are widely recognized as a new state of quantum matter with semiconductor‐like or insulator‐like bulk states (BSs) and Dirac‐like surface states (SSs). Herein, the terahertz (THz) properties of the SSs and BSs in Bi2Te3‐based TIs, as well as the effects of temperature on them, are examined. By using THz time–domain spectroscopy, the optical conductance of Bi2Te3 is obtained for TI thickness of about 10 and 20 nm. It is shown that the THz responses of the SSs and BSs can be distinguished by purely optical means in a wide temperature range (80–280 K). A Drude formula, which includes two terms corresponding to the SSs and BSs, is applied to describe the behavior of the optical conductance. Moreover, the evidence of bulk‐to‐surface scattering and additional electron injection from the BSs to the SSs is also observed without the help of electric measurement. These results are helpful to gain an in‐depth understanding of the THz properties of TIs and to explore new applications in topologically protected plasmonic and optoelectronic devices.
Orbital Hybridization in Kagome Metal GdV6Sn6 Revealed by Resonant ARPES
Authors: Lv Zheng-Yang , Jiang Qi , Wang Jia-Meng , Qian Hao-Ji , Wang De-Yang , Qiao Shan , Ye Mao
Published: May 2023

Novel quantum materials have broad application prospects in spintronic devices and low‐power‐consumption devices. The kagome‐type lattice has special corner‐sharing triangle geometry, providing a rich platform to investigate the relationship of novel correlated topological states, geometry, and strong electron interactions. However, the orbital hybridization in the presence of flat band that originated from the electron localization due to the unique kagome lattice configuration is still unclear. Resonant‐angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy is utilized to study the valence band structures of a new vanadium‐based kagome material GdV6Sn6, combined with density functional theory calculation. Herein, a significant hybridization between V 3d and Sn 5p electrons, which paves the way to understand the formation of long‐range magnetic ordering of GdV6Sn6 and other kagome materials at low temperature, is unambiguously revealed in the results.
Nonvolatile Tunable Wavelength‐Selective Emitter with Phase‐Changing Material Ge2Sb2Te5 Designed by Bayesian Optimization Method
Authors: Song Kuilong , Ai Qing , Guo Yanming , Xie Ming , Shuai Yong
Published: May 2023

The ability to tune the emission wavelength of infrared emitter while maintaining wavelength‐selectivity remains a challenge. By incorporating the nonvolatile phase‐changing material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), a nonvolatile tunable wavelength‐selective emitter (gold (Au)‐GST‐Au structure) based on Fabry–Perot (FP) resonance theory is demonstrated. An algorithm based on Bayesian optimization (BO) and transfer matrix method (TMM) for optimal design is proposed. First, the influence of amorphous proportion on tunability is investigated. It is found that the peak emission wavelength shifts from 5.3 to 3.8 μm and peak emissivity increases from 0.75 to 0.98 with an increase of the amorphous proportion. Second, the influence of the thickness of the top and middle layer on the emission spectrum is studied. It is illustrated that the thickness of each layer has a significant impact on the emission spectrum. Finally, an objective function considering wavelength‐selectivity in atmospheric and nonatmospheric windows as well as tunability is proposed. The optimal structure can be realized within calculations for less than 0.027% of total candidate structures. When the weight w = 0, the optimal structural parameters are dAu = 0.0018 μm and dGST = 0.4318 μm; and the effect of the weight factor in objective function is also investigated.
Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Based Dual‐Atom Oxygen Electrocatalysts
Authors: He Yuting , Zhou Xingchen , Jia Yufei , Li Hongtao , Wang Yi , Liu Yongning , Tan Qiang
Published: May 2023

Oxygen electrocatalysis has aroused considerable interest over the past years because of the new energy technologies boom in hydrogen energy and metal–air battery. However, due to the sluggish kinetic of the four‐electron transfer process in oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, the electro‐catalysts are urgently needed to accelerate the oxygen electrocatalysis. Benefit from the high atom utilization efficiency, unprecedentedly high catalytic activity, and selectivity, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are considered the most promising candidate to replace the traditional Pt‐group‐metal catalysts. Compared with SACs, the dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) are attracting more attraction including higher metal loading, more versatile active sites, and excellent catalytic activity. Therefore, it is essential to explore the new universal methods approaching to the preparation, characterization, and to elucidate the catalytic mechanisms of the DACs. In this review, several general synthetic strategies and structural characterization methods of DACs are introduced and the involved oxygen catalytic mechanisms are discussed. Moreover, the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalytic applications including fuel cells, metal–air batteries, and water splitting have been sorted out at present. The authors hope this review has given some insights and inspiration to the researches about DACs in electro‐catalysis.
Multimodal Wearable Ionoskins Enabling Independent Recognition of External Stimuli Without Crosstalk
Authors: Choi Won Young , Kwon Jin Han , Kim Yong Min , Moon Hong Chul
Published: May 2023

Wearable ionoskins are one of the representative examples of the many useful applications offered by deformable stimuli‐responsive sensory platforms. Herein, ionotronic thermo‐mechano‐multimodal response sensors are proposed, which can independently detect changes in temperature and mechanical stimuli without crosstalk. For this purpose, mechanically robust, thermo‐responsive ion gels composed of poly(styrene‐ran‐n‐butyl methacrylate) (PS‐r‐PnBMA, copolymer gelator) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([BMI][TFSI], ionic liquid) are prepared. The optical transmittance change arising from the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phenomenon between PnBMA and [BMI][TFSI] is exploited to track the external temperature, creating a new concept of the temperature coefficient of transmittance (TCT). The TCT of this system (‐11.5% °C‐1) is observed to be more sensitive to temperature fluctuations than the conventional metric of temperature coefficient of resistance. The tailoring molecular characteristics of gelators selectively improved the mechanical robustness of the gel, providing an additional application opportunity for strain sensors. This functional sensory platform, which is attached to a robot finger, can successfully detect thermal and mechanical environmental changes through variations in the optical (transmittance) and electrical (resistance) properties of the ion gel, respectively, indicating the high practicality of on‐skin multimodal wearable sensors.
Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Homologous Sulfide Heterojunction for Robust Enzyme‐Like Self‐Driven Bacteria‐Killing through Enhanced Electron Transfer
Authors: Wei Hu , Luo Yue , Wang Chaofeng , Wu Shuilin , Zheng Yufeng , Zhang Yu , Shen Jie , Liu Xiangmei
Published: May 2023

Infectious diseases caused by various bacteria pose a serious threat to human health, and the emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria has forced humans to develop new and effective antimicrobial agents and strategies. Herein, a metal–organic framework‐derived Bi2S3/FeS2 heterojunction (BFS) is synthesized, and the materials–microorganism interface is further constructed. Through interfacial electron transfer, electrons are transferred from the bacteria to the BFS surface, disrupting the balance of the bacterial electron transport chain and inhibiting the metabolic activity of the bacteria. Moreover, BFS has enzyme‐like (oxidase and peroxidase) properties and can produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species to kill additional bacteria. In vitro antibacterial results show that the antibacterial efficiency of BFS against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reaches more than 99.9% after 4 h of co‐culture under dark conditions. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments show that BFS can effectively kill bacteria and promote wound healing. This work shows that BFS could be a novel, effective nanomaterial for the treatment of bacterial infections by constructing the materials–microorganism interface.
Amorphization‐Modulated Metal Sulfides with Boosted Active Sites and Kinetics for Efficient Enzymatic Colorimetric Biodetection
Authors: Li Tiantian , Deng Yuting , Xing Zhenyu , Xiao Sutong , Mu Shengdong , Wang Ting , Gao Yang , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong , Zhao Changsheng
Published: May 2023

Colorimetric biosensing has become a popular sensing method for the portable detection of a variety of biomarkers. Artificial biocatalysts can replace traditional natural enzymes in the fields of enzymatic colorimetric biodetection; however, the exploration of new biocatalysts with efficient, stable, and specific biosensing reactions has remained challenging so far. Here, to enhance the active sites and overcome the sluggish kinetics of metal sulfides, the creation of an amorphous RuS2 (a‐RuS2) biocatalytic system is reported, which can dramatically boost the peroxidase‐mimetic activity of RuS2 for the enzymatic detection of diverse biomolecules. Due to the existence of abundant accessible active sites and mildly surface oxidation, the a‐RuS2 biocatalyst displays a twofold Vmax value and much higher reaction kinetics/turnover number (1.63 × 10−2 s−1) compared to that of the crystallized RuS2. Noticeably, the a‐RuS2‐based biosensor shows an extremely low detection limit of H2O2 (3.25 × 10−6 m), l‐cysteine (3.39 × 10−6 m), and glucose (9.84 × 10−6 m), respectively, thus showing superior detection sensitivity to many currently reported peroxidase‐mimetic nanomaterials. This work offers a new path to create highly sensitive and specific colorimetric biosensors in detecting biomolecules and also provides valuable insights for engineering robust enzyme‐like biocatalysts via amorphization‐modulated design.
Correlating Solid Electrolyte Interphase Composition with Dendrite‐Free and Long Life‐Span Lithium Metal Batteries via Advanced Characterizations and Simulations
Authors: Song Linjian , Ning De , Chai Yan , Ma Muyu , Zhang Gaoyuan , Wang Anzhe , Su Hai , Hao Dingbang , Zhu Mingdong , Zhang Jie , Zhou Dong , Wang Jun , Li Yongli
Published: May 2023

Lithium metal anode attracts great attention because of its high specific capacity and low redox potential. However, the uncontrolled dendrite growth and its infinite volume expansion during cycling are extremely detrimental to the practical application. The formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a decisive role in the behavior of lithium deposition/dissolution during electrochemical processing. Clarifying the essential relationship between SEI and battery performance is a priority. Research in SEI is accelerated in recent years by the use of advanced simulation tools and characterization techniques. The chemical composition and micromorphology of SEIs with various electrolytes are analyzed to clarify the effects of SEI on the Coulombic efficiency and cycle life. In this review, the recent research progress focused on the composition and structure of SEI is summarized, and various advanced characterization techniques applied to the investigation of SEI are discussed. The comparisons of the representative experimental results and theoretical models of SEI in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are exhibited, and the underneath mechanisms of interaction between SEI and the electrochemical properties of the cell are highlighted. This work offers new insights into the development of safe LMBs with higher energy density.
A Continuous Gradient Chemical Reduction Strategy of Graphene Oxide for Highly Efficient Evaporation‐Driven Electricity Generation
Authors: Liu Qun , Liang Jing , Tian Bin , Xue Enbo , Zhang Xinyu , Guo Panwang , Zheng Ke , Tang Guilin , Wu Wei
Published: May 2023

Spontaneously harvesting electricity through a water evaporation process is renewable and environmentally friendly, and provides a promising way for self‐powered electronics. However, most of evaporation‐driven generators are suffering from a limited power supply for practical use. Herein, a high‐performance textile‐based evaporation‐driven electricity generator based on continuous gradient chemical reduced graphene oxide (CG‐rGO@TEEG) is obtained by a continuous gradient chemical reduction strategy. The continuous gradient structure not only greatly enhances the ion concentration difference between the positive and negative electrodes but also significantly optimizes the electrical conductivity of the generator. As a result, the as‐prepared CG‐rGO@TEEG can generate a voltage of 0.44 V and a considerable current of 590.1 µA with an optimized power density of 0.55 mW cm−3 when 50 µL of NaCl solution is applied. Such scale‐up CG‐rGO@TEEGs can supply sufficient power to directly drive a commercial clock for more than 2 h in ambient conditions. This work offers a novel approach for efficient clean energy harvesting based on water evaporation.
The Formation of the {112}<111> Shear Texture in Hot‐Rolled Sheets of Electrical Steels
Authors: Tang Yuqin , Yang Ping , Jiang Weining , Wang Huanzhu , Li Zhichao , Gu Xinfu
Published: May 2023

Due to the friction between rolls and sheet surface, shear texture inevitably occurs in the surface layer of the hot‐rolled sheets in electrical steel. The shear texture contains Goss texture {110}<001>, brass texture {110}<112>, and copper texture {112}<111>. The existence of shear texture and its corresponding microstructure affect the texture distribution in the subsequent normalized sheets, cold‐rolled sheets, and final sheets. Electron backscattered diffraction and reaction stress model are used herein to study the formation conditions of {112}<111> orientation in the hot‐rolled sheets. The results show that initial rotated cube orientation tends to rotate around transverse direction to the copper orientation during hot rolling due to the shear action. Different shear orientations can be formed in different regions of an initial coarse columnar grain during hot rolling, because of the change in surrounding environment reaction and the difference of the shear strain at different thickness positions. The thinner the hot‐rolled sheet is, the smaller the dynamic recrystallization region with shear orientation, and there is almost no copper texture in the thinnest hot‐rolled sheet. The simulation results show that the copper texture is easy to form under the action of σ23 and σ22 reaction stresses.
Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics reveals the comprehensive metabolites in Dioscorea opposita Thunb. peel
Authors: Yang Lanping , Zhai Yangyang , Zhang Zhenzhen , Houa Baohua , Liu Zhenzhen , Zhang Baobao , Li Jinli , Wang Zhenhui , Sun Zhi , Zhou Jingchun
Published: May 2023

Dioscorea opposita Thunb., a traditional medicinal and food homologous plant, has been used for thousands of years in folk medicine and nutritious food, partially due to the metabolites. However, detailed information on the metabolites in Dioscorea opposita Thunb. peel is still scarce. Herein, an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics approach was used to reveal the comprehensive metabolites in Dioscorea opposita Thunb. peel. The proposed method provided tentative identification of 307 metabolites. Among them, 286 metabolites are reported herein in Dioscorea opposita Thunb. peel for the first time, namely: 87 lipids, 49 phenolic acids, 34 flavonoids, 29 amino acids and derivatives, 28 organic acids, 14 alkaloids, 10 lignans, and coumarins, eight saccharides and vitamins, six nucleotides and derivatives, two quinones, and 19 others. The obtained results highlight the importance of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. peel as a promising source of bioactive ingredients, and form a basis for future quantitative and bioavailability studies.
Torsional behavior of hybrid fiber reinforced shear walls an experimental point of view
Authors: Bayrak Barış , Kılıç Mahmut , Maali Mahyar , Çelebi Oğuzhan , Aydın Abdulkadir Cüneyt
Published: May 2023

The shear wall system is one of the most commonly used lateral load‐resisting systems in reinforced concrete (RC) high‐rise buildings. The present work is designed to investigate the behavior of reinforced shear walls upon their hybrid fiber ratio, the horizontal reinforcement ratio, and for the reinforcement aspect ratio. For this purpose, nine‐shear walls were manufactured. The same longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the steel and carbon fibers were the main design concept. Withal, the self‐compacting concrete with fiber hybridization was the general perspective for the RC. All the shear wall models were inspected not only for torsion, but also for the energy dissipation capacity, crack propagation, etc. Torsional moment capacity increased, when the hybrid fiber ratio rose up from 0% to 1.0% and then 1.5%. However, this increase was larger in case of increasing the hybrid fiber ratio from 0% to 1.0%. Increasing the hybrid fiber ratio from 1.0% to 1.5% did not result in a performance increase as in the first case. Increasing the fiber ratio from 0% to 1% and from 1% to 1.5% increased the maximum torsional moment between 7.39% and 33.41%. Torsional moment and twist angle capacities increase with the increase in hybrid fiber and horizontal reinforcement ratio and the decrease in the aspect ratio in RC shear walls. Withal, the energy absorption capacity, ductility, and stiffness are also increased as the hybrid fiber ratio. Increasing the hybrid fiber ratio decreased the crack density in the plastic hinge region. Decreasing the aspect ratio from 1.5 to 1.25 increased the dissipation energy capacity between 68.75% and 100%. The addition of 1.0% fiber, a significant increase in the value of ~30% and 53% was achieved stiffness after the crack.
The Chinese outward foreign direct investment motives in ASEAN countries through export performance: The role of competitive intensity among Chinese smartphone manufacturers
Authors: Zhang Meng Di , Jedin Mohd Haniff
Published: May 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) objectives on the achievement of export performance under competitive intensity. We apply the diverse theoretical perspectives of the eclectic paradigm and institutional theory. Primary data were collected from 162 Chinese manufacturer–exporter companies. Specifically, this research shows that Chinese OFDI motives increase its export performance in ASEAN markets. Furthermore, we discover that competitive intensity moderates the relationship between strategic assets‐seeking foreign direct investment (FDI) motive and export performance, but not the relationship between market‐seeking FDI motive and export performance. Hence, this study presents a holistic assessment of Chinese smartphone manufacturers' export performance by accounting for the overlooked effect of firms seeking FDI motive through the moderating of competitive intensity.
How to identify the canaries that might save the organizations: Mapping the most curiosity‐oriented in Brazil
Authors: Amaral Thais , Behrens Alfredo
Published: May 2023

This study explores the effectiveness of international instruments for identifying the curious and alerts us to the relative ineffectiveness of foreign instruments to map the curious in Brazil. We used indirect questions to better map the most curious collaborators at Brazilian organizations. We believe our instrument eludes the Brazilian bias for impression management. Our sample covered 384 respondents in Brazil and identified that there are more curious professionals in small and medium‐sized enterprises than in large and multinational companies, and that team members are more curious than those in managerial positions. Furthermore, our study reveals that the most curious perceive to be penalized when offering their perceptions regarding weak signals. This study points the need to invest in developing and protecting a more curiosity‐oriented staff. In addition to contributing to the literature on curiosity at work, this study provides insights for companies that want to develop their teams to perceive business weak signals.
Sulfonated polyHIPE/nanoclay composites with hierarchically porous structure for efficient removal of endocrine‐disrupting hormone from aqueous solution
Authors: Bilgin Simsek Esra , Mert Hatice Hande , Sözbir Meltem , Mert Emine Hilal
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study is the synthesis of macroporous polystyrene‐based polyHIPE/nanoclay (p[HIPE]/NClay) monoliths and post‐functionalization of the monoliths through sulfonation to improve the structural and textural properties as well as adsorption performances toward bisphenol A (BPA) as an endocrine‐disrupting chemical. The adsorption tests were conducted with raw p(HIPE), nanoclay, p(HIPE)/NClay, and sulfonated samples in order to obtain insights in the adsorption mechanism. The synergy between clay embedding and sulfonation resulted in higher BPA removal performance of p(HIPE)/NClay@S sample (96% removal) when compared with the raw polyHIPE (52% removal). The adsorption efficiency was mainly attributed to the functionality, followed by porosity and hydrophilicity of the as‐synthesized materials. Considering the roles of hydrophobic, hydrogen‐bonding, and π–π stacking interactions, the adsorption mechanism was discussed by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Moreover, the experimental parameters including solution pH, co‐existing anions, ionic strength, and temperature were investigated in detail. The adsorption data were fitted to isotherm and kinetic models. The composite adsorbents also displayed excellent regeneration and stability until the fifth cycle. This research provides fresh insights into the effective adsorptive removal of endocrine‐disrupting hormones by sulfonated porous nanoclay‐polymer monoliths.

Practitioner Points

Sulfonated p (HIPE)/nanoclay monoliths were prepared.

Bisphenol A adsorption mechanism was explored in detail.

Nanoclay incorporation and sulfonation greatly enhanced the removal efficiency.

The composite could be used until the fifth cycle.
Aspects of AdS flux vacua with integer conformal dimensions
Authors: Apers Fien
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The DGKT vacua are a class of AdS4 flux vacua showing full moduli stabilization, parametric control, and a parametric separation of scales. The particular masses of the moduli remarkably give rise to integer conformal dimensions in the light spectrum of the would-be holographic duals. In this note, we comment on two properties for AdS flux vacua with integer conformal dimensions. First, there are polynomial spacetime-dependent shift symmetries for the moduli. Secondly, the leading scalings of the central charge and the moduli can be directly deduced from the near-horizon geometry of stacks of orthogonally-intersecting D-brane domain walls dual to the unbounded fluxes. This suggests that a dual field theory could be found on this relatively simple set of domain walls. We illustrate this in a couple of examples of AdS4 and AdS3 parametric flux vacua.
Page curves and entanglement islands for the step-function Vaidya model of evaporating black holes
Authors: Guo Chang-Zhong , Gan Wen-Cong , Shu Fu-Wen
Published: May 2023

Abstract

It was proposed recently that the fine-grained entropy of the Hawking radiation can be expressed by the semiclassical island formula, which reproduces the unitary Page curve. In this paper, we choose the “in” vacuum state and apply the quantum extremal surface construction to study the Page curve for the step-function Vaidya model of evaporating black holes in four dimensions, which is produced by the spherical null shells. Metrics of the three regions of this spacetimes are obtained. In addition, the entanglement islands for the step-function Vaidya model of evaporating black holes at very late times are studied. When cutoff surface A is located in Minkowski region III with uA< uH at very late times, we find that the location of the boundary of island ∂I depends on the value of 8M − vA + vI. Specifically, ∂I is inside, at or outside the horizon when 8M − vA + vI is less than, equal to or larger than zero respectively. Moreover, when cutoff surface A is located in Minkowski region III with uA> uH after the black hole evaporates completely, we find that entanglement island still exists and ∂I is located on an equal-time Cauchy surface of the observer A when $$ {r}_{(A)}^2 $$

r

A

2

≥ 64GNκc.
Millicharged relics reveal massless dark photons
Authors: Berlin Asher , Dror Jeff A. , Gan Xucheng , Ruderman Joshua T.
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The detection of massless kinetically-mixed dark photons is notoriously difficult, as the effect of this mixing can be removed by a field redefinition in vacuum. In this work, we study the prospect of detecting massless dark photons in the presence of a cosmic relic directly charged under this dark electromagnetism. Such millicharged particles, in the form of dark matter or dark radiation, generate an effective dark photon mass that drives photon-to-dark photon oscillations in the early universe. We also study the prospect for such models to alleviate existing cosmological constraints on massive dark photons, enlarging the motivation for direct tests of this parameter space using precision terrestrial probes.
General Position Sets in Two Families of Cartesian Product Graphs
Authors: Korže Danilo , Vesel Aleksander
Published: May 2023

For a given graph G, the general position problem asks for the largest set of vertices $$S \subseteq V(G)$$

S
⊆
V
(
G
)

, such that no three distinct vertices of S belong to a common shortest path of G. The general position problem for Cartesian products of two cycles as well as for hypercubes is considered. The problem is completely solved for the first family of graphs, while for the hypercubes, some partial results based on reduction to SAT are given.
The whole-cell proteome shows the characteristics of macrolides-resistant Bordetella pertussis in China linked to the biofilm formation
Authors: Lv Zhe , Yin Sha , Jiang Kaichong , Wang Wei , Luan Yang , Wu Shuang , Shi Jianfei , Li Zhe , Ma Xiao , Wang Zengguo , Yan Hong
Published: May 2023

The macrolides-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MR-Bp) isolates in China evolved from the ptxP1/fhaB3 allele and rapidly became predominant, suggestive of an adaptive transmission ability. This was different from the global prevalent ptxP3 strains, in which MR-Bp was rarely reported. The study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism responsible for fitness and resistance in these two strains. We identify proteomic differences between ptxP1/fhaB3 and ptxP3/fhaB1 strains using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics. We then performed in-depth bioinformatic analysis to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by gene ontology (GO), and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Further parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis confirmed the expression of four target proteins. Finally, the crystal violet method was used to determine biofilm-forming ability. The results showed that the main significantly different proteins between the two represent isolates were related to biofilm formation. Furthermore, we have confirmed that ptxP1/fhaB3 showed hyperbiofilm formation in comparison with ptxP3/fhaB1. It is suggested that the resistance and adaptability of ptxP1/fhaB3 strains may be related to the formation of biofilm through proteomics. In a word, we determined the significantly different proteins between the ptxP1/fhaB3 and ptxP3/fhaB1 strains through whole-cell proteome, which were related to biofilm formation.
Molecular imaging of arterial fibroblast activation protein: association with calcified plaque burden and cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Kosmala Aleksander , Serfling Sebastian E. , Michalski Kerstin , Lindner Thomas , Schirbel Andreas , Higuchi Takahiro , Hartrampf Philipp E. , Derlin Thorsten , Buck Andreas K. , Weich Alexander , Werner Rudolf A.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

We aimed to assess prevalence, distribution, and intensity of in-vivo arterial wall fibroblast activation protein (FAP) uptake, and its association with calcified plaque burden, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and FAP-avid tumor burden.

Methods

We analyzed 69 oncologic patients who underwent [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. Arterial wall FAP inhibitor (FAPI) uptake in major vessel segments was evaluated. We then investigated the associations of arterial wall uptake with calcified plaque burden (including number of plaques, plaque thickness, and calcification circumference), CVRFs, FAP-positive total tumor burden, and image noise (coefficient of variation, from normal liver parenchyma).

Results

High focal arterial FAPI uptake (FAPI +) was recorded in 64/69 (92.8%) scans in 800 sites, of which 377 (47.1%) exhibited concordant vessel wall calcification. The number of FAPI + sites per patient and (FAPI +)-derived target-to-background ratio (TBR) correlated significantly with the number of calcified plaques (FAPI + number: r = 0.45, P < 0.01; TBR: r =  − 0.26, P = 0.04), calcified plaque thickness (FAPI + number: r = 0.33, P < 0.01; TBR: r =  − 0.29, P = 0.02), and calcification circumference (FAPI + number: r = 0.34, P < 0.01; TBR: r =  − 0.26, P = 0.04). In univariate analysis, only body mass index was significantly associated with the number of FAPI + sites (OR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 − 1.12, P < 0.01). The numbers of FAPI + sites and FAPI + TBR, however, were not associated with other investigated CVRFs in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Image noise, however, showed significant correlations with FAPI + TBR (r = 0.30) and the number of FAPI + sites (r = 0.28; P = 0.02, respectively). In addition, there was no significant interaction between FAP-positive tumor burden and arterial wall FAPI uptake (P ≥ 0.13).

Conclusion

[68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET identifies arterial wall lesions and is linked to marked calcification and overall calcified plaque burden, but is not consistently associated with cardiovascular risk. Apparent wall uptake may be partially explained by image noise.
The Application of Mixed Reality to Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tao Lin , Feng Zhenchu , Qi Yuan , Shao Nan , Wang Xi , Ma Fei , Wang Chao , Qiu Zhaowen , Liang Wenlong , Chen Xi
Published: May 2023

Objective

To explore the value of mixed reality (MR) in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

A total of 300 patients with breast cancer who underwent SLNB enrolled and were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, only dye (an injection of methylene blue) was used to detect sentinel lymph nodes, while in group B MR was used for positioning in addition to dye. (MR localization method: Before the surgery, we built a 1:1 3D reconstruction model based on the patient's CT or MRI original data, and after the patient was injected with dye, we completed MR localization by overlapping the pre‐marked image with the model.)

Results

During surgery, the detection time in group B was significantly shorter than in group A (3.62 ± 1.20 vs.7.87 ± 1.86; p < 0.001). At 1‐month post‐surgery follow‐up, the incidence of pain in group B was lower than that in group A (2.70 vs. 8.28%, p = 0.036). The incidence of upper limb dysfunction was lower in group B than in group A (2.03 vs. 8.97%, p = 0.009). In terms of the incidence of pain, group B was better than group A (0.68 vs. 3.45%, p = 0.094). The satisfaction of the two groups was scored, and the results showed that group B was better than group A (4.04 ± 0.91 vs.3.32 ± 0.94, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The application of MR to SLNB in breast cancer can significantly reduce the detection time and the occurrence of complications and improve patient satisfaction.
Two types of Tibetan Plateau vortex genesis in June and the associated mechanisms
Authors: Tang Yiqiong , Wu Guoxiong , He Bian , Liu Yimin , Mao Jiangyu , Ma Tingting
Published: May 2023

The Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) is a key system triggering rainfall over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the boreal summer. The TPV genesis mechanisms are complicated and its classification is a great challenge. This study attempts to elucidate these aspects. By introducing the standardized index of 24-h increment of equivalent potential temperature $$\Delta_{24h} \theta_{{\text{e}}}$$

Δ

24
h

θ
e

at 500 hPa, all the TPV cases generated in June between 1980 and 2016 are classified as either positive or negative. Composite analysis is subsequently applied to the extremes of these two types, i.e., the first and last fifth-percentile cases with extremely negative and positive standardized $$\Delta_{24h} \theta_{{\text{e}}}$$

Δ

24
h

θ
e

, respectively. Results indicate that 70% of them occur in relatively warmer and wetter environments, with diabatic heating dominating the positive type and the dynamic effect of large-scale circulation dominating the negative type. For the extremely positive cluster, the geopotential-height increment over the TP exhibits a negative/west–positive/east dipole, which enhances the southerly flow over the western TP, while forming surface water–vapor convergence. Consequently, strong condensation heating occurs near the sub-cloud level, resulting in the development of potential vorticity below and eventually TPV genesis. For the negative cluster, local shear lines at 500 hPa and upstream troughs at 250 hPa occur at the TPV genesis location. In conjunction with anomalous westerlies, positive potential vorticity is generated in situ due to zonal advection. The retardation caused by the Kunlun Mountains on the impinging westerly flow associated with side-boundary friction also contributes to TPV genesis southeast of the mountains.
Associations of technostressors at work with burnout symptoms and chronic low-grade inflammation: a cross-sectional analysis in hospital employees
Authors: Kaltenegger Helena C. , Becker Linda , Rohleder Nicolas , Nowak Dennis , Quartucci Caroline , Weigl Matthias
Published: May 2023

Objective

Despite the increasing scholarly interest in the phenomenon technostress, associated biological effects on employee health are under-researched. Chronic low-grade inflammation is suggested as a central pathway linking stress experience to disease development. The aim of this study was to assess associations of technology-related work stressors (technostressors) with low-grade inflammation and burnout symptoms.

Methods

N = 173 (74.6% women, Mage = 31.0 years) university hospital employees participated in a cross-sectional study. Self-report questionnaires were used for the assessment of general psychosocial working conditions (work overload, job control, social climate), a range of different technostressors, burnout symptoms, and relevant confounders. Participants provided capillary blood samples, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as an inflammatory biomarker was analyzed from dried blood spots.

Results

Based on a factor analysis, we identified four underlying dimensions of technostressors: techno- and information overload, techno-complexity, interruptions and multitasking as well as usability and technical support. In multivariate linear regressions, techno-/information overload and techno-complexity were associated with core (exhaustion, mental distance) and secondary (psychosomatic complaints) symptoms of burnout. Techno-/information overload was a significant predictor of burnout core symptoms, even when general work overload was controlled for. The technostressors were not associated with hs-CRP.

Conclusion

This is the first study on technology-related stress at work and chronic low-grade inflammation. The results suggest that (information) overload caused by digital technology use is a distinct work stressor with genuine consequences for psychological health. To what extent these effects also manifest on a physiological level needs to be subjected to future studies, ideally with prospective designs.
Impact of premature birth on cardiopulmonary function in later life
Authors: Weigelt Annika , Bleck Steffen , Huebner Matthias Jens , Rottermann Kathrin , Waellisch Wolfgang , Morhart Patrick , Abu-Tair Tariq , Dittrich Sven , Schoeffl Isabelle
Published: May 2023

Pulmonary function is reduced in children after preterm birth. The variety of subgroups ranges from early to late preterm births. Limitations in pulmonary function can be observed even after late preterm birth without signs of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or history of mechanical ventilation. Whether this reduction in lung function is reflected in the cardiopulmonary capacity of these children is unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of moderate to late premature birth on cardiopulmonary function. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill was performed by 33 former preterm infants between 8 and 10 years of age who were born between 32 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation and compared with a control group of 19 children born in term of comparable age and sex. The former preterm children achieved comparable results to the term-born controls with respect to most of the cardiopulmonary exercise parameters $$(\dot{V}O_2peak 43.9\pm6.6\frac{\frac{ml}{kg}}{min}\min vs.41.9\pm8.8\frac{ml}{kg}/\min)$$

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2

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a
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43.9
±
6.6

ml

kg

min

min
v
s
.
41.9
±
8.8

ml

kg

/
min
)

. The only differences were in a slightly higher oxygen uptake efficiency slope $$(OUES\;of\;1.6\;\pm0.4\;vs\;1.4\;\pm\;0.4)$$

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±
0.4

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±

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)

 and higher peak minute ventilation $$\dot VEpeak\;of\;55.2\pm 11.3 ml/min\;vs.\;49.1\;ml\;\pm\;8.8/min)$$

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±
11.3
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/
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n

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.

49.1

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±

8.8
/
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)

 in the group of children born preterm. With respect to heart rate recovery $$(-35.3\;\pm\;13.8\;bpm\;vs.\;-37.2\;bpm\;\pm\;14.0\;after\;1\;min)$$

(
-
35.3

±

13.8

b
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v
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.

-
37.2

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±

14.0

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 and breathing efficiency $$\dot{(V}E/\dot VCO_2\;of\;35.9\;\pm\;4.1\;vs\;34.0\;\pm4.6)$$

(
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/

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˙

C

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2

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f

35.9

±

4.1

v
s

34.0

±
4.6
)

, there were no significant differences.

Conclusion: Children born preterm did not show limitations in cardiopulmonary function in comparison with matched controls.

What is Known:• Preterm birth is associated with reduced pulmonary function in later life, this is also true for former late preterms.• As a consequence of being born premature, the lungs have not finished their important embryological development. Cardiopulmonary fitness is an important parameter for overall mortality and morbidity in children and adults and a good pulmonary function is therefore paramount.

What is New:• Children born prematurely were comparable to an age- and sex-matched control group with regards to almost all cardiopulmonary exercise variables.• A significantly higher OUES, a surrogate parameter for VO2peak was found for the group of former preterm children, most likely reflecting on more physical exercise in this group. Importantly, there were no signs of impaired cardiopulmonary function in the group of former preterm children.
Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein as a non-invasive biomarker for pediatric acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arredondo Montero Javier , Pérez Riveros Blanca Paola , Bueso Asfura Oscar Emilio , Rico Jiménez María , López-Andrés Natalia , Martín-Calvo Nerea
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein (LRG1) in pediatric acute appendicitis (PAA). We conducted a systematic review of the literature in the main databases of medical bibliography. Two independent reviewers selected the articles and extracted relevant data. Methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS2 index. A synthesis of the results, standardization of the metrics and 4 random-effect meta-analyses were performed. Eight studies with data from 712 participants (305 patients with confirmed diagnosis of PAA and 407 controls) were included in this review. The random-effect meta-analysis of serum LRG1 (PAA vs control) resulted in a significant mean difference (95% CI) of 46.76 μg/mL (29.26–64.26). The random-effect meta-analysis for unadjusted urinary LRG1 (PAA vs control) resulted in a significant mean difference (95% CI) of 0.61 μg/mL (0.30–0.93). The random-effect meta-analysis (PAA vs control) for urinary LRG1 adjusted for urinary creatinine resulted in a significant mean difference (95% CI) of 0.89 g/mol (0.11–1.66).

   Conlusion: Urinary LRG1 emerges as a potential non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of PAA. On the other hand, due to the high between-study heterogeneity, the results on serum LRG1 should be interpreted with caution. The only study that analyzed salivary LRG1 showed promising results. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

What is Known:• Pediatric acute appendicitis continues to be a pathology with a high rate of diagnostic error.• Invasive tests, although useful, are a source of stress for patients and their parents.

What is New:• LRG1 emerges as a promising urinary and salivary biomarker for the noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric acute appendicitis.
Deficiency of the mitochondrial ribosomal subunit, MRPL50, causes autosomal recessive syndromic premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Bakhshalizadeh Shabnam , Hock Daniella H. , Siddall Nicole A. , Kline Brianna L. , Sreenivasan Rajini , Bell Katrina M. , Casagranda Franca , Kamalanathan Sadishkumar , Sahoo Jayaprakash , Narayanan Niya , Naik Dukhabandhu , Suryadevara Varun , Compton Alison G. , Amarasekera Sumudu S. C. , Kapoor Ridam , Jaillard Sylvie , Simpson Andrea , Robevska Gorjana , van den Bergen Jocelyn , Pachernegg Svenja , Ayers Katie L. , Thorburn David R. , Stroud David A. , Hime Gary R. , Sinclair Andrew H. , Tucker Elena J.
Published: May 2023

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common cause of infertility in women, characterised by amenorrhea and elevated FSH under the age of 40 years. In some cases, POI is syndromic in association with other features such as sensorineural hearing loss in Perrault syndrome. POI is a heterogeneous disease with over 80 causative genes known so far; however, these explain only a minority of cases. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified a MRPL50 homozygous missense variant (c.335T > A; p.Val112Asp) shared by twin sisters presenting with POI, bilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, kidney and heart dysfunction. MRPL50 encodes a component of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome. Using quantitative proteomics and western blot analysis on patient fibroblasts, we demonstrated a loss of MRPL50 protein and an associated destabilisation of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome whilst the small subunit was preserved. The mitochondrial ribosome is responsible for the translation of subunits of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation machinery, and we found patient fibroblasts have a mild but significant decrease in the abundance of mitochondrial complex I. These data support a biochemical phenotype associated with MRPL50 variants. We validated the association of MRPL50 with the clinical phenotype by knockdown/knockout of mRpL50 in Drosophila, which resulted abnormal ovarian development. In conclusion, we have shown that a MRPL50 missense variant destabilises the mitochondrial ribosome, leading to oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and syndromic POI, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial support in ovarian development and function.