bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Sex-Based Differences by Age in Presenting Characteristics, Use of an Early Invasive Strategy, and Inhospital Mortality in Patients With Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the United States
Authors: Gupta Tanush , Kolte Dhaval , Khera Sahil , Agarwal Nayan , Villablanca Pedro A. , Goel Kashish , Patel Kavisha , Aronow Wilbert S. , Wiley Jose , Bortnick Anna E. , Aronow Herbert D. , Abbott J. Dawn , Pyo Robert T. , Panza Julio A. , Menegus Mark A. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Garcia Mario J. , Bhatt Deepak L.
Published: January 2018

Background—

Prior studies have reported higher inhospital mortality in women versus men with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Whether this is because of worse baseline risk profile compared with men or sex-based disparities in treatment is not completely understood.

Methods and Results—

We queried the 2003 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample databases to identify all hospitalizations in patients aged ≥18 years with the principal diagnosis of non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Complex samples multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine sex differences in use of an early invasive strategy and inhospital mortality. Of 4 765 739 patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, 2 026 285 (42.5%) were women. Women were on average 6 years older than men and had a higher comorbidity burden. Women were less likely to be treated with an early invasive strategy (29.4% versus 39.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.91–0.94). Women had higher crude inhospital mortality than men (4.7% versus 3.9%; unadjusted odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–1.25). After adjustment for age (adjusted odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–0.98) and additionally for comorbidities, other demographics, and hospital characteristics, women had 10% lower odds of inhospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–0.92). Further adjustment for differences in the use of an early invasive strategy did not change the association between female sex and lower risk-adjusted inhospital mortality.

Conclusions—

Although women were less likely to be treated with an early invasive strategy compared with men, the lower use of an early invasive strategy was not responsible for the higher crude inhospital mortality in women, which could be entirely explained by older age and higher comorbidity burden.
Isolation of nematode DNA from 100 g of soil using Fe3O4 super paramagnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Gorny Adrienne M. , Hay Frank S. , Wang Xiaohong , Pethybridge Sarah J.
Published: January 2018

An economical method for extracting nematode DNA from 100 g of soil was developed to facilitate nematode detection and quantification, and tested using the Northern root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne hapla. The method utilised enzymatic laundry detergent lysis, Fe3O4super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) capture, and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) purification. Resultant DNA from this SPION capture method was approximately 100-fold less but of similar quality to DNA obtained from a standard phenol procedure and a commercial DNA extraction kit. An addition of 10 mg of nanoparticles to the extraction lysate was identified to maximise DNA yield while minimising co-capture of contaminants. The detection limit of the SPION capture method was approximately 100 nematodes (100 g soil)−1. The SPION capture method extracted nematode DNA from mineral soils but requires further optimisation for extraction from high organic matter (i.e., ‘muck’) soils. The benefits of this method compared to alternative techniques are discussed.
Synopsis of the genus Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) in Turkey
Authors: UZUNHİSARCIKLI M. ERKAN , GÜNER EBRU DOĞAN , EKİCİ MURAT
Published: January 2018

In this study, the synopsis of the genus Scrophularia in Turkey is presented. As a result of the obtained systematic and floristic findings of the last years, Scrophularia now includes 76 taxa (60 species, 1 subspecies and 15 varieties), of which 37 are endemic to Turkey which suggests an endemism rate of 48%. From the nomenclatural point of view, S. cinerascens is considered a synonym of S. versicolor, and four new lectotypes are designated. Main synonyms, nomenclatural types, ecological data, diagnostic keys and distribution of taxa are also given for each accepted taxon.
New distribution data for some charismatic tramp species of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera)
Authors: POPOVICI OVIDIU ALIN , MASNER LUBOMÍR , VICIRIUC MĂDĂLINA , PINTILIOAIE ALEXANDRU , NOTTON DAVID G. , TALAMAS ELIJAH
Published: January 2018

This paper documents what we consider to be expanding distributions in three genera of Platygastroidea: Platyscelio Kieffer (Scelionidae), Aphanomerus Perkins (Platygastridae) and Tetrabaeus Kieffer (Platygastridae). Platyscelio africanus Risbec is the first record of Platyscelio in the Western Hemisphere (French Guiana). Aphanomerus is a new record for the continental Nearctic region (USA, Los Angeles) and Tetrabaeus is a new record for the Palaearctic (Ukraine, Georgia, and South Korea) and Sino-Japanese (Japan) regions. Tetrabaeus also expands its known distribution in the Nearctic (Canada and Mexico).        Scanning electron micrographs and brightfield images are provided to enhance knowledge of the morphology of these genera, and to make them more easily recognized in the future. Tetrabaeus americanus (Brues, 1909) and Aphanomerus rufescens Perkins, 1905 are redescribed.
The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation and Mechanisms of Its Decadal Variability in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Yi Daling Li , Gan Bolan , Wu Lixin , Miller Arthur J.
Published: January 2018

Based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) product and 37 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) database, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and its decadal generation mechanisms are evaluated by studying the second leading modes of North Pacific sea surface height (SSH) and sea level pressure (SLP) as well as their dynamical connections. It is found that 17 out of 37 models can well simulate the spatial pattern and decadal time scales (10–30 yr) of the NPGO mode, which resembles the observation-based SODA results. Dynamical connections between the oceanic mode (NPGO) and the atmospheric mode [North Pacific Oscillation (NPO)] are strongly evident in both SODA and the 17 models. In particular, about 30%–40% of the variance of the NPGO variability, which generally exhibits a preferred time scale, can be explained by the NPO variability, which has no preferred time scale in most models.

Two mechanisms of the decadal NPGO variability that had been proposed by previous studies are evaluated in SODA and the 17 models: 1) stochastic atmospheric forcing and oceanic spatial resonance and 2) low-frequency atmospheric teleconnections excited by the equatorial Pacific. Evaluation reveals that these two mechanisms are valid in SODA and two models (CNRM-CM5 and CNRM-CM5.2), whereas two models (CMCC-CM and CMCC-CMS) prefer the first mechanism and another two models (CMCC-CESM and IPSL-CM5B-LR) prefer the second mechanism. The other 11 models have no evident relations with the proposed two mechanisms, suggesting the need for a fundamental understanding of the decadal NPGO variability in the future.
Buoyant Gravity Currents Released from Tropical Instability Waves
Authors: Warner Sally J. , Holmes Ryan M. , M. Hawkins Elizabeth H. , S. Hoecker-Martínez Martín , Savage Anna C. , Moum James N.
Published: January 2018

Two extremely sharp fronts with changes in sea surface temperature >0.4°C over lateral distances of ~1 m were observed in the equatorial Pacific at 0°, 140°W and at 0.75°N, 110°W. In both cases, layers of relatively warm and fresh water extending to ~30-m depth propagated to the southwest as gravity currents. Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates averaging 4.5 × 10−6 W kg−1 were measured with a microstructure profiler within the warm layer behind the leading edge of the fronts—1000 times greater than dissipation in the ambient water ahead of the fronts. From satellite images, these fronts were observed to propagate ahead of the trailing edge of a tropical instability wave (TIW) cold cusp. Results from an ocean model with 6-km grid resolution suggest that TIW fronts may release gravity currents through frontogenesis and loss of balance as the fronts approach the equator and the Coriolis parameter weakens. Sharp frontal features appear to be ubiquitous in the eastern tropical Pacific, have an influence on the distribution of biogeochemical tracers and organisms, and play a role in transferring energy out of the TIW field toward smaller scales and dissipation.
Russia in world society: A comparative perspective on international references in parliamentary debates
Authors: Tiaynen-Qadir Tatiana , Qadir Ali , Alasuutari Pertti
Published: January 2018

This article explores how international references in parliaments build a synchronized world polity, even in countries that are often portrayed as being at odds with the rest of the world. The article asks whether and how Russian parliamentarians refer to the international community, and how such references compare with parliamentary debates in other countries. The “mesophenomenological” argument developed here connects World Society Theory, which demonstrates global isomorphism, with national studies of Russia, which argue for important national particularities. The empirical analysis draws on a stratified random sample of debates on draft laws in the Russian Duma from 1994 to 2013, comparable to similar samples from six other countries. The results show that: (1) Russian parliamentarians refer to the international community in the same level and the same forms as in other countries; (2) Russian policy-makers rely on the same imageries of the social world to convince their audiences as do other parliamentarians; and (3) this similarity in form remains consistent throughout the period, despite radical changes in national politics. These findings attest to the Russian Duma as a site of world culture, and to the mesophenomenological view that the world polity is highly synchronized through discourses of cross-national comparisons.
Of Killer Apes and Tender Carnivores
Authors: Kover T.R.
Published: January 2018

The evolutionary emergence of the human species in a predatory niche has often been seen as the root cause of all the bloodshed and aggression that besets the human condition, particularly religious violence. This is certainly the case with the thought of Walter Burkert and René Girard, both of whom argue that, because the earliest humans were hunters, collective murder or “sacrifice” is the founding practice of all religions. Consequently, for them, the dark specter of bloodshed and violence lies at the heart of all religious thought. However, Burkert’s and Girard’s accounts rest on unexamined and problematic assumptions concerning predation, hunting and violence. Specifically, their characterization of predation and prehistoric hunting peoples as intrinsically aggressive is both ecologically and anthropologically naïve and ill-informed. By contrast, the ecologist Paul Shepard’s empirically informed account challenges not only the link between aggression and predation but also that between hunting and sacrifice. He argues that, far from producing a “killer ape,” the evolutionary transition of early hominids into a predatory niche resulted in a “tender carnivore” with an increased capacity for empathy with other humans and animals. Furthermore, he argues that blood sacrifice, far from lying with hunting at the dawn of human history, in fact emerged with the advent of agriculture and domestication. Thus, in challenging the commonly held association between hunting, violence and sacrifice, Shepard is asking us to rethink our understanding of the sacramentality of hunting, nature and life itself.
The Implications of Doctoral Students’ Professional Socialization Experiences in Graduate Training
Authors: Langrehr Kimberly J. , Green Carlton E. , Lantz Melanie
Published: January 2018

Using survey data from 278 counseling psychology doctoral students, we explored the concept of professional socialization in graduate training and investigated the degree to which a combination of student training factors accounted for (a) greater professional involvement in the Society of Counseling Psychology, (b) endorsement of counseling psychology values, and (c) affiliation with the Society. Results revealed that training programs fostered students’ professional connection to the field by providing faculty models, emphasizing counseling psychology identity, and encouraging student involvement in the Society. Together, these three professional socialization variables accounted for students’ professional activity, counseling psychology values, and Society membership status above and beyond years of enrollment, degree at admission, and membership status in other professional organizations. Implications regarding the influence of early professional socialization in graduate training within the context of establishing a long-term professional pipeline for the Society are discussed.
Two Downside Manuscripts and the Liturgical Culture of Lambach in the 12th Century
Authors: Pohl Benjamin
Published: January 2018

This article provides the first detailed study of two medieval liturgical manuscripts from the Benedictine Abbey of Lambach, Upper Austria, kept today in the monastic Library and Archives of Downside Abbey in Stratton-on-the-Fosse, Somerset, UK. The new codicological, palaeographical and historical evidence presented in this study shows that both these manuscripts played a central part in the monastery’s liturgical life and routine during the later 12th century. The first part of the article provides a full codicological and palaeographical analysis of the two manuscripts, the first to appear in published form, while the second part offers a wider thematic study that contextualises the two codices and their contents within Lambach’s medieval liturgical and communal culture.
A Conceptual Model of Leisure Time Physical Activity, Neighborhood Environment, and Sense of Community
Authors: Ross Allison , Searle Mark
Published: January 2018

The relationship between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) behaviors and the neighborhood environment (NE) has become a prominent research topic. This research investigates the complex relationship between LTPA and NE while also investigating their association with sense of community (SOC). Using data from a sample of 625 adults in the Greater Phoenix Metro area (AZ), a conceptual model is introduced to examine the relationships between LTPA, NE, and SOC while controlling for demographic, sociocultural, and community characteristics. Results of a structural equation modeling analysis indicate that LTPA was positively associated with SOC, NE was positively associated with LTPA, and NE was positively associated with SOC. These findings support future interventions that focus on features of NE when promoting LTPA behaviors and building SOC within the neighborhood. Furthermore, the simultaneous measurement of these constructs offers insight into the dynamic relationships that exist, informing future research and programming efforts.
Are technology-informed methods better than traditional approaches in educating patients? A meta-analysis
Authors: Veneri Diana Aziz , Zdanis Kayla
Published: January 2018

Objective:

Healthcare educators are usually well-intended in their educational efforts for and with patients. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis comparing traditional versus technology-delivered healthcare education.

Design:

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Methods:

Educational technology was operationally defined to include videos, DVDs, websites and other computer-based education programmes. Proquest Health Management, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Proquest Nursing & Allied Health, PubMed, Medline and Academic Search Premier databases were searched. Search limits included articles published between January 2006 and September 2016, authored in English and peer reviewed. There were four search terms: patient education, videos, DVDs and computer-assisted technology (CAT). A total of 5,003 articles were identified. Articles were screened for inclusion by study title, reducing the list to 407. Abstracts were read, reducing the list to 201. The remaining articles were read. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established, and 24 studies were included in the final analysis. Effect sizes were calculated, and a meta-analysis was performed.

Results:

Of the 24 studies included, 12 measured improvements in knowledge, with 10 asserting statistically significant improvements with the use of technology compared to traditional delivery. According to the results of the meta-analysis, however, evidence from pooling the data more strongly favours traditional education compared to technology driven interventions.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis compared traditional versus technology-delivered healthcare education; the results suggest preference for traditional.
In honor of Jurgen Ruesch: Remembering his work in psychiatry
Authors: Balbuena Rivera Francisco
Published: January 2018

Background:

In a highly technical civilization like ours, in which the interest in human communication transcends academic barriers and clinical practice, it seems necessary to look back to Ruesch’s work in psychiatry. The main reason of it rests upon the idea that he was one of the few truly outstanding clinicians, researchers, and theoretical in the field of normal and abnormal communication. In fact, he did not only present a wealth of observational and clinical data; more importantly, he used these data to formulate creative hypotheses about the conflict between man and other human beings.

Aim/Objective:

The main purpose of this article is to pay tribute to Dr. Jurgen Ruesch (1909-1995), distinguished psychiatrist, communications experts and psychotherapist. For that reason, here we want to pay tribute to the enormous value of his work for the promotion of mental health and the clinical assessment of normal and pathological communication behavior.

Methods:

In working out his theoretical stance toward communication, all Ruesch’s works here have been reviewed. In line with this, the author also mentions similarities between Ruesch and other psychiatric/psychotherapeutic authors. Also similarities have been established between Ruesch and Frank on “non specific factors in psychotherapy”, and tensions within contemporary training of psychiatrists, almost predicted by Ruesch.

Results and Conclusions:

While some of Ruesch’s ideas about the nature and origins of communication has been discounted, many of his preoccupations are now part of the mainstream, and it is to here that we should look for evidence of his legacy. In fact, he has been the author of rich and fruitful ideas, which are essential to clinical understanding of mental diseases and their treatments. It is not surprising, therefore, that Ruesch’s burning interest in the clinical assessment of normal and pathological communicative behavior finds a significant echo in today’s proliferation of books, papers, and conferences on communication. For all that, we should honor him.
Shear and foundation effects on crack root rotation and mode-mixity in moment- and force-loaded single cantilever beam sandwich specimen
Authors: Saseendran Vishnu , Carlsson Leif A , Berggreen Christian
Published: January 2018

Foundation effects play a crucial role in sandwich fracture specimens with a soft core. Accurate estimation of deformation characteristics at the crack front is vital in understanding compliance, energy release rate and mode-mixity in fracture test specimens. Beam on elastic foundation analysis of moment- and force-loaded single cantilever beam sandwich fracture specimens is presented here. In addition, finite element analysis of the single cantilever beam specimen is conducted to determine displacements, rotations, energy release rate and mode-mixity. Based on finite element analysis, a foundation modulus is proposed that closely agrees with the numerical compliance and energy release rate results for all cases considered. An analytical expression for crack root rotation of the loaded upper face sheet provides consistent results for both loading configurations. For the force-loaded single cantilever beam specimen (in contrast to the moment-loaded case), it was found that the crack length normalized energy release rate and the mode-mixity phase angle increase strongly as the crack length decreases, a result of increased dominance of shear loading.
Micromechanical modeling of tension stiffening in FRP-strengthened concrete elements
Authors: Ghiassi Bahman , Soltani Masoud , Rahnamaye Sepehr Sara
Published: January 2018

This article presents a micromodeling computational framework for simulating the tensile response and tension-stiffening behavior of fiber reinforced polymer–strengthened reinforced concrete elements. The total response of strengthened elements is computed based on the local stress transfer mechanisms at the crack plane including concrete bridging stress, reinforcing bars stress, FRP stress, and the bond stresses at the bars-to-concrete and fiber reinforced polymer-to-concrete interfaces. The developed model provides the possibility of calculating the average response of fiber reinforced polymer, reinforcing bars, and concrete as well as the crack spacing and crack widths. The model, after validation with experimental results, is used for a systematic parameter study and development of micromechanics-based relations for calculating the crack spacing, fiber reinforced polymer critical ratio, debonding strength, and effective bond length. Constitutive models are also proposed for concrete tension stiffening and average response of steel reinforcing bars in fiber reinforced polymer–strengthened members as the main inputs of smeared crack modeling approaches.
Bargaining for equal pay and work–life balance in Danish companies – Does gender matter?
Authors: Larsen Trine P , Navrbjerg Steen E
Published: January 2018

This article adds new insights into how equal pay and work–life balance issues are negotiated in male- and female-dominated companies, based on a survey of 3275 shop stewards, conducted in 2010. Inspired by Gregory and Milner’s concept of opportunity structures, we argue that the gender composition of the workforce affects the equal pay and work–life balance discussions and actions in Danish companies, but in a slightly different way from expected. It is often the male shop steward who exploits the opportunity structure created by more women among the staff to develop equal pay and work–life balance actions.
On determining sample size in experiments involving laboratory animals
Authors: Festing Michael FW
Published: January 2018

Scientists using laboratory animals are under increasing pressure to justify their sample sizes using a “power analysis”. In this paper I review the three methods currently used to determine sample size: “tradition” or “common sense”, the “resource equation” and the “power analysis”. I explain how, using the “KISS” approach, scientists can make a provisional choice of sample size using any method, and then easily estimate the effect size likely to be detectable according to a power analysis. Should they want to be able to detect a smaller effect they can increase their provisional sample size and recalculate the effect size. This is simple, does not need any software and provides justification for the sample size in the terms used in a power analysis.
A Survey of Phonological Mid Vowel Intuitions in Central Catalan
Authors: Renwick Margaret E L , Nadeu Marianna
Published: January 2018

Catalan, like other Romance languages, has two pairs of phonemic mid vowels (/be/ “well” vs. /bɛ/ “lamb”; /os/ “bear” vs. /ɔs/ “bone”). However, these contrasts do not function like others in the language: they are partially phonologically conditioned, and evidence shows that words may be pronounced with different mid vowels by speakers of the same variety or even by the same speaker. Spanish may influence this instability, as first-language Spanish Catalan-Spanish bilinguals struggle to perceive and produce the contrast. This paper investigates the mid vowel contrasts in an Internet survey of vowel height judgments in 220 words by 146 Central Catalan-speaking individuals who also self-reported their language history. Results confirm that certain phonological contexts condition mid vowel height, typically favoring low mid judgments; where phonological conditioning occurs, speakers judge quality with increased consistency and confidence. Many words lacking phonological conditioning environments, however, are variable across speakers. Bilingualism levels and age have an effect: among Catalan-dominant participants, choice of mid vowel is affected by age, while participants with the highest Catalan dominance have greatest confidence in their intuitions. Variably-judged words are also phonetically variable, indicating a word-specific association between strength of phonological representation and realization.
Is the recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine safe?
Authors: Boote Toby
Published: January 2018

3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine is taken recreationally by thousands of people, especially the young, across the globe. It is highly associated with electronic music and its use in the UK remains high at around 4.5% of 16-24 year olds. This review discusses both the short- and long-term effects of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine including methods by which some of these adverse effects can be prevented or even reversed to increase the safety of the commonly used drug.
Mudslide and/or animal attack are more plausible causes and circumstances of death for AL 288 (‘Lucy'): A forensic anthropology analysis
Authors: Charlier Phillippe , Coppens Yves , Augias Anaïs , Deo Saudamini , Froesch Philippe , Huynh-Charlier Isabelle
Published: January 2018

Following a global morphological and micro-CT scan examination of the original and cast of the skeleton of Australopithecus afarensis AL 288 (‘Lucy’), Kappelman et al. have recently proposed a diagnosis of a fall from a significant height (a tree) as a cause of her death. According to topographical data from the discovery site, complete re-examination of a high-quality resin cast of the whole skeleton and forensic experience, we propose that the physical process of a vertical deceleration cannot be the only cause for her observed injuries. Two different factors were involved: rolling and multiple impacts in the context of a mudslide and an animal attack with bite marks, multi-focal fractures and violent movement of the body. It is important to consider a differential diagnosis of the observed fossil lesions because environmental factors should not be excluded in this ancient archaeological context as with any modern forensic anthropological case.
The location optimization of electric vehicle charging stations considering charging behavior
Authors: Tian Zhihui , Hou Wenbin , Gu Xiaoning , Gu Feng , Yao Baozhen
Published: January 2018

The electric vehicle is seen as an effective way to alleviate the current energy crisis and environmental problems. However, the lack of supporting charging facilities is still a bottleneck in the development of electric vehicles in the Chinese market. In this paper, the cloud model is used to first predict drivers’ charging behavior. An optimization model of charging stations is proposed, which is based on waiting time. The target of this optimization model is to minimize the time cost to electric vehicle drivers. We use the SCE-UA algorithm to solve the optimization model. We apply our method to Dalian, China to optimize charging station locations. We also analyze the optimized result with or without behavior prediction, the optimized result of different numbers of electric vehicles, and the optimized result of different cost constraints. The analysis shows the feasibility and advantages of the charging station location optimization method proposed in this paper.
Textile-integrated three-dimensional printed and embroidered structures for wearable wireless platforms
Authors: He Han , Chen Xiaochen , Ukkonen Leena , Virkki Johanna
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we present fabrication and performance evaluation of three-dimensional (3D) printed and embroidered textile-integrated passive ultra high frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) platforms. The antennas were manufactured by 3D printing a stretchable silver conductor directly on an elastic band. The electric and mechanical joint between the 3D printed antennas and microchips was formed by gluing with conductive epoxy glue, by printing the antenna directly on top of the microchip structure, and by embroidering with conductive yarn. Initially, all types of fabricated RFID tags achieved read ranges of 8–9 meters. Next, the components were tested for wetting as well as for harsh cyclic strain and bending. The immersing and cyclic bending slightly affected the performance of the tags. However, they did not stop the tags from working in an acceptable way, nor did they have any permanent effect. The epoxy-glued or 3D printed antenna–microchip interconnections were not able to endure harsh stretching. On the other hand, the tags with the embroidered antenna–microchip interconnections showed excellent wireless performance, both during and after a 100 strong stretching cycles. Thus, the novel approach of combining 3D printing and embroidery seems to be a promising way to fabricate textile-integrated wireless platforms.
Spiritual care
Authors: van Ommen Léon
Published: January 2018

This article reviews four books on spiritual care in various chaplaincy and counselling settings. Before discussing the books individually, some tensions in the field of spiritual care and chaplaincy are highlighted: the relationship between religion and spirituality, the call for generic caregiving and the demand for tangible outcomes of spiritual care.
Seven archbishops
Authors: Harries Richard
Published: January 2018

I have known seven archbishops – in varying senses of the word ‘known’ of course. This is a personal reminiscence, and only that. No attempt has been made to see those discussed in the round, write mini-biographies or weigh their legacy.
Cult books revisited
Authors: Platten Stephen
Published: January 2018

A reconsideration of the late Bishop John Austin Baker’s seminal book The Foolishness of God.
Survey to identify depth of penetration of critical incident reporting systems in Austrian healthcare facilities
Authors: Sendlhofer Gerald , Eder Harald , Leitgeb Karina , Gorges Roland , Jakse Heidelinde , Raiger Marianne , Türk Silvia , Petschnig Walter , Pregartner Gudrun , Kamolz Lars-Peter , Brunner Gernot
Published: January 2018

Incident reporting systems or so-called critical incident reporting systems (CIRS) were first recommended for use in health care more than 15 years ago. The uses of these CIRS are highly variable among countries, ranging from being used to report critical incidents, falls, or sentinel events resulting in death. In Austria, CIRS have only been introduced to the health care sector relatively recently. The goal of this work, therefore, was to determine whether and specifically how CIRS are used in Austria. A working group from the Austrian Society for Quality and Safety in Healthcare (ASQS) developed a survey on the topic of CIRS to collect information on penetration of CIRS in general and on how CIRS reports are used to increase patient safety. Three hundred seventy-one health care professionals from 274 health care facilities were contacted via e-mail. Seventy-eight respondents (21.0%) completed the online survey, thereof 66 from hospitals and 12 from other facilities (outpatient clinics, nursing homes). In all, 64.1% of the respondents indicated that CIRS were used in the entire health care facility; 20.6% had not yet introduced CIRS and 15.4% used CIRS only in particular areas. Most often, critical incidents without any harm to patients were reported (76.9%); however, some health care facilities also use their CIRS to report patient falls (16.7%), needle stick injuries (17.9%), technical problems (51.3%), or critical incidents involving health care professionals. CIRS are not yet extensively or homogeneously used in Austria. Inconsistencies exist with respect to which events are reported as well as how they are followed up and reported to health care professionals. Further recommendations for general use are needed to support the dissemination in Austrian health care environments.
An Evaluation of Experimental Designs for Constructing Vignette Sets in Factorial Surveys
Authors: Su Dan , Steiner Peter M.
Published: January 2018

Factorial surveys use a population of vignettes to elicit respondents’ attitudes or beliefs about different hypothetical scenarios. However, the vignette population is frequently too large to be assessed by each respondent. Experimental designs such as randomized block confounded factorial (RBCF) designs, D-optimal designs, or random sampling designs can be used to construct small subsets of vignettes. In a simulation study, we compare the three vignette designs with respect to their biases in effect estimates and show how the biases arise from the designs’ confounding structure, nonorthogonality, and unbalancedness. We particularly focus on the designs’ sensitivity to context effects and misspecifications of the analytic model. We argue that RBCF designs and D-optimal designs are preferable to random sampling designs because they offer a stronger protection against undesirable confounding, context effects, and model misspecifications. We also discuss strategies for dealing with context and order effects since none of the basic vignette designs can satisfactorily handle them.
On Group Comparisons With Logistic Regression Models
Authors: Kuha Jouni , Mills Colin
Published: January 2018

It is widely believed that regression models for binary responses are problematic if we want to compare estimated coefficients from models for different groups or with different explanatory variables. This concern has two forms. The first arises if the binary model is treated as an estimate of a model for an unobserved continuous response and the second when models are compared between groups that have different distributions of other causes of the binary response. We argue that these concerns are usually misplaced. The first of them is only relevant if the unobserved continuous response is really the subject of substantive interest. If it is, the problem should be addressed through better measurement of this response. The second concern refers to a situation which is unavoidable but unproblematic, in that causal effects and descriptive associations are inherently group dependent and can be compared as long as they are correctly estimated.
Chronic urinary carrier state due to Salmonella Typhi causing urinary tract infection in an immunocompetent healthy woman
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Kaur Mandeep , Datta Priya , Chander Jagdish
Published: January 2018

Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi is a global public health problem. With adequate treatment, most patients recover from the acute phase; however, 2–4% develop a chronic carrier state acting as reservoir of infection by continued shedding of bacteria in faeces and urine. Recovery of S. Typhi from urine is rare, even in endemic areas. The three main causes of bacteriuria arise following a recent episode of typhoid fever, in chronic carrier states involving the urinary system and occasionally following localised urinary tract infection (UTI) due to S. Typhi. Symptomatic Salmonella UTI is mostly encountered in an immunocompromised patient with some underlying structural abnormality involving the urinary tract. We report a case of symptomatic UTI caused by Salmonella Typhi in a 50-year-old immunocompetent woman in a chronic carrier state without any known urological abnormality.
Reflections on place, mobility and belonging in Gujarat
Authors: Mehta Mona G.
Published: January 2018

This article translates four essays from the memoirs of Gujarati writer Sharifa Vijaliwala that are replete with sociological insights. Methodologically, the genre of memoir affords a rich source portraying the everyday social fabric of rural Gujarat in the 1970s and the changing landscape of the state in later years. In the course of essaying her life stories, she depicts the predicaments and contestations about place, mobility and social interactions within the larger matrix of Gujarati society. What is depicted in graphic detail is the transformation in the web of social relations at the margins of Gujarati society and the present ‘crisis of faith’ that underlies its civil society.
Interrater Reliability of Psychopathy Checklist–Revised: Results on Multiple Analysis Levels for a Sample of Patients Undergoing Forensic Psychiatric Evaluation
Authors: Dåderman Anna M. , Hellström Åke
Published: January 2018

Scores from the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) are used to support decisions regarding personal liberty. In our study, performed in an applied forensic psychiatric setting, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for absolute agreement, single rater (ICCA1) were .89 for the total score, .82 for Factor 1, .88 for Factor 2, and .78 to .86 for the four facets. These results stand in contrast to lower reliabilities found in a majority of field studies. Disagreement among raters made a low contribution (0%-5%) to variability of scores on the total score, factor, and facet level. For individual items, ICCA1 varied from .38 to .94, with >.80 for seven of the 20 items. Items 17 (“Many short-term marital relationships”) and 19 (“Revocation of conditional release”) showed very low reliabilities (.38 and .43, respectively). The importance of knowledge about factors that can affect scoring of forensic instruments (e.g., education, training, experience, motivation, raters’ personality, and quality of file data) is emphasized.
Interrupted Constructions: The Brazilian Health-Industrial Complex in Historical Perspective
Authors: Muzaka Valbona
Published: January 2018

Officially launched in 2007, Brazil’s health-industrial complex can be seen as an institutional innovation that seeks to overcome social inequality in health care, dependency on foreign technology, and weaknesses in the national innovation and productive structures. An analysis adopting a historical perspective and deploying Celso Furtado’s concept of the marginalization-modernization polarity shows how misarticulated social and economic policies hindered earlier efforts to construct a robust domestic health-pharmaceutical sector. To the extent that this polarity persists, an understanding of the trajectory of this (indeed, any) high-tech sector can be achieved only by considering the social and economic dynamics that continue to shape Brazil’s development. Despite its promise, the rise of the hybrid neodevelopmentalist state has not succeeded in overcoming the marginalization-modernization polarity. Without resolving old inconsistencies between industrial, macroeconomic, and social policies, it has introduced new ones that, as in the past, risk hindering the success of this institutional experiment.

Lançado oficialmente em 2007, o complexo industrial de saúde brasileiro pode ser visto como inovação institucional que busca suplantar a desigualdade social no tratamento de saúde, a dependência na tecnologia estrangeira, bem como as deficiências na inovação e nas estruturas produtivas nacionais. Uma análise que adota uma perspectiva histórica e utiliza o conceito da polaridade entre marginalização e modernização, concebido por Celso Furtado, demonstra como políticas sociais e econômicas desarticuladas prejudicaram esforços para construir um setor doméstico de saúde robusto. À medida que essa polaridade persiste, uma compreensão da trajetória desse setor de alta tecnologia (e de fato de qualquer setor) pode ser alcançada somente por meio de avaliação das dinâmicas sociais e econômicas que continuam a moldar o desenvolvimento do Brasil. Não obstante as promessas que emanam do estado do neodesenvolvimento híbrido, sua ascensão não logrou o desmantelamento da polaridade marginalização-modernização. Além de não resolver antigas inconsistências entre políticas sociais, macroeconômicas e industriais, introduziu novas inconsistências que, como no passado, ameaçam o êxito desse novo experimento institucional.
Two-stage joint equilibrium model of electricity market with tradable green certificates
Authors: An Xuena , Zhang Shaohua , Li Xue , Du Dajun
Published: January 2018

Renewable portfolio standard (RPS) with tradable green certificate (TGC) scheme has important influences on the market equilibrium outcomes and generation firms’ strategic behaviors. The main objective of this paper is to investigate that under the RPS with TGC scheme, who and how to exercise the market power, and to what extent market powers are exercised in the electricity wholesale and TGC markets. This is achieved by firstly proposing a two-stage joint equilibrium model based on the oligopolistic competition equilibrium theory. The model is then formulated as an equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints (EPEC) by using the backward induction method, which is further solved by the nonlinear complementarity approach. Finally, simulation results show that renewable firms tend to withhold some of TGCs to raise the TGC prices when the RPS is relatively low, otherwise they choose to cut down their electricity output to reduce the volume of TGC and raise the TGC price. Moreover, facing the increasing TGC price, fossil fuel firms tend to withhold their electricity output to decrease the demand of TGCs and lower the TGC price. This study has meaningful implications for design of the electricity markets with TGC market.
Malicious data deception attacks against power systems: A new case and its detection method
Authors: Du Dajun , Chen Rui , Li Xue , Wu Lei , Zhou Peng , Fei Minrui
Published: January 2018

Power systems usually employ bad data detection (BDD) to avoid faulty measurements caused by their anomalies, and hence can ensure the security of the state estimation of power systems. However, recently BDD has been found vulnerable to malicious data deception attacks submerged in big data. Such attacks can purposely craft sparse measurement values (i.e. attack vectors) to mislead power estimates, while not posing any anomalies to the BDD. Some related work has been proposed to emphasize this attack. In this paper, a new malicious data deception attack by considering a practical attacking situation is investigated, where the attacker has limited resources for corrupting measurements. In this case, attackers generate attack vectors with less sparsity to evade conventional BDD, while using a convex optimization method to balance the sparsity and magnitude of attack vectors. Accordingly, the effects of such an attack on operational costs and the risks of power systems are analysed in detail. Moreover, according to security evaluation for individual measurements, such attacks can be detected with high probability by just securing one critical measurement. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed new attack case and its detection method.
Virtual exoskeleton-driven uncalibrated visual servoing control for mobile robotic manipulators based on human–robot–robot cooperation
Authors: Ji Peng , Zeng Hong , Song Aiguo , Yi Ping , Xiong PengWen , Li Huijun
Published: January 2018

This paper presents an uncalibrated visual servoing control system based on the human–robot–robot cooperation (HRRC). In case of malfunctions of the joint sensors of a robotic manipulator, the proposed system enables the mobile robot to continue operating the manipulator to complete the task that requires careful handling. With the aid of a virtual exoskeleton, an operator may use a human–computer interaction (HCI) device to guide the malfunctioning manipulator. During the guiding process, the virtual exoskeleton serves as a connector between the HCI device and the manipulator. However, when using the HCI device to guide the virtual exoskeleton, there could be a risk of a large-residual problem at any time caused by non-uniform guiding. To solve this problem, a residual switching algorithm (RSA) has been proposed that can identify whether the residual should be calculated based on the motion characteristics of the artificial guiding, reducing the computational cost and ensuring the tracking stability. To enhance the virtual exoskeleton’s ability to drive the manipulator, a multi-joint fuzzy driving controller has been proposed, which can drive the corresponding joint of the manipulator in accordance with an offset vector between the virtual exoskeleton and the manipulator. Lastly, the guiding experiments have verified that, compared with the contrast algorithm, the proposed RSA has a better tracking performance. A peg-in-hole assembly experiment has shown that the proposed control system can assist the operator to control efficiently the robotic manipulator with malfunctioning joint sensors.
Prosodic constraints on children’s use of grammatical morphemes
Authors: Demuth Katherine
Published: January 2018

It has long been known that children may use a particular grammatical morpheme inconsistently at early stages of acquisition. Although this has often been thought to be evidence of incomplete syntactic representations, there is now a large body of crosslinguistic evidence showing that much of this early within-speaker variability is due to still developing phonological and/or prosodic representations. This article reviews recent research showing how a phonological approach to the emergence of grammatical morphology makes it possible to make crosslinguistic predictions about what will be acquired early and what acquired late. This is known as the Prosodic Licensing Hypothesis, providing a unified framework for understanding the course of morphosyntactic development across languages. The implications are both theoretical and methodological, suggesting that children may know more about the grammar of their language at an earlier age than is often assumed, and that this can only be revealed by taking prosodic phonology into account in designing early tests of syntactic development.