bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristic Features of the Constitution of the United States of America
Authors: Hamza Gábor
Published: August 2024

Aim: The aim of this study is to review the specific features of the Constitution of the United States of America, in view of the historical circumstances of its creation, and its topicality. The author stresses that the US Constitution and its interpretation have changed in the light of changing economic, political and social circumstances.
Methodology: The author of the study has used the historical and comparative method in writing the paper. It has been considered how and to what extent this constitution has been and is being taken into account today outside the United States, particularly in European countries.
Findings: The authors, the ‘Founding Fathers’ of the Constitution of the United States of America agreed that the Constitution should provide the legal basis i.e. the garantee of the separation and balance of powers. The principle of separation of powers implies the creation of three separate institutions of equal importance in the exercise of power. The checks and balances enshrined in the Constitution ensure balanced exercise of power. In addition to widespread presidential power, the preeminent role of the Supreme Court is according to ou view the most distinctive feature of the constitutional system of the United States of America.
Value: In Hungary, this study provides a complex introduction to the Constitution of the United States of America. This includes the sources of the Constitution, the original text of the Constitution and its Amendments.
Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Sciences Revolution or Invasion? Part II
Authors: Lontai Márton , Pamjav Horolma , Petrétei Dávid
Published: August 2024

Aim: The study is on the emerging role of artificial intelligence in the forensic sciences. After clarifying the basic concepts and a brief historical overview, the possibilities of using AI in various forensic fields are discussed: genetics, pattern recognition, chemistry, toxicology, anthropology, forensic medicine, and scene reconstruction.
Methodology: The study synthesises several recently published international papers.
Findings: The penetration of the application of artificial intelligence into some fields of science is undoubtedly an ongoing process. Most of the varied forensic fields also cannot avoid this development. Analysing large databases unmanageable with traditional methods, pattern recognition, and machine learning can all be important tools for forensic science. However, an important conclusion is that AI is a supporter of human expert work, not a substitute.
Value: In the field of forensic sciences, no such detailed summary article has been published in Hungarian so far.
A Módszertani kézikönyv a kreatív tanuláshoz című szakkönyv könyvismertetője
Authors: Korpics Márta , Paksi-Petró Csilla
Published: August 2024

Aim: The book titled Módszertani kézikönyv a kreatív tanuláshoz produced by the teachers and staff of the Ludovika University of Public Service within the framework of the Creative Learning Programme, is a comprehensive guide to the paradigm shift in the teaching methodology of higher education. As a practical handbook, it offers inspiring and practical methods and immediately applicable solutions for creative learning/teaching.
Methodology: The work draws on important research in the field, with an emphasis on drawing ideas and suggestions from it for everyday teaching. The chapters of the handbook are structured in the same way. After a brief introduction, the expected learning outcomes are described, followed by the main research findings related to the content of the chapter. Finally, it describes practices that can be used in everyday teaching and that can be applied irrespective of the discipline.
Findings: The handbook presents the different areas of higher education pedagogy in a clear and understandable way. It provides many exercises, methodologies and different ways of organising learning to help with day-to-day work in higher education.
Value: By the end of the book, the reader will have a near-complete picture of how creative learning/teaching is implemented in higher education. The handbook prepares readers for a new way of teaching, confidently using student-centred, experiential, innovative learning techniques.
„Történelmi időszak részese lehettem” Interjú Túrós András ny. rendőr altábornaggyal
Authors: Fazekas-Pátyodi Szandra
Published: August 2024

The name of Lieutenant General András Túrós is known to professionals and everyone over the age of forty. His professional achievements were unparalleled in the development of police behaviour during the regime change and in the elaboration of the police in the democratic Hungary. From 1997 to the present day, as President of the Nationwide Civil Self-Defense Organisations, he has actively contributed to the consolidation and development of the organisation, and to its becoming a major player in public safety.
Wind-line Variability and Intrinsic Errors in Observational Mass-loss Rates
Authors: Massa Derck , Prinja Raman K. , Oskinova Lidia M
Published: August 2024

UV wind-line variability in OB stars appears to be universal. In order to quantify this variation and to estimate its effect on a mass-loss rate determined from a single observation, we use the International Ultraviolet Explorer archive to identify nonpeculiar OB stars with well-developed but unsaturated Si iv
λ1400 doublets and at least 10 independent observations. This resulted in 1699 spectra of 25 stars. A simple model was used to translate the observed profile variations into optical depth variations and, hence, variations in measured mass-loss rates. These variations quantify the intrinsic error inherent in any single mass-loss rate derived from a single observation. The derived rates have an overall 1σ variation of about 22%, but this appears to differ with T
eff, being as small at 8% for the hottest stars and up to 45% for the cooler ones. Furthermore, any single determination can differ from the mean by a factor of 2 or more. Our results also imply that mass-loss rates determined from nonsimultaneous observations (such as UV and ground-based data) need not agree. In addition, we use our results to examine the nature of the structures responsible for the variability. Our findings suggest that the optical depth variations result from optically very thick structures occulting more or less of the line of sight to the stellar disk. Further, the smaller optical depth variations in the hottest stars suggest that the structures responsible for the variations are disrupted in their more powerful winds.
SERENADE. II. An ALMA Multiband Dust Continuum Analysis of 28 Galaxies at 5 < z < 8 and the Physical Origin of the Dust Temperature Evolution
Authors: Mitsuhashi Ikki , Harikane Yuichi , Bauer Franz E. , Bakx Tom J. L. C. , Ferrara Andrea , Fujimoto Seiji , Hashimoto Takuya , Inoue Akio K. , Iwasawa Kazushi , Nishimura Yuri , Imanishi Masatoshi , Ono Yoshiaki , Saito Toshiki , Sugahara Yuma , Umehata Hideki , Vallini Livia , Wang Tao , Zavala Jorge A.
Published: August 2024

We present an analysis of the Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA) multiband dust continuum observations for 28 spectroscopically confirmed bright Lyman break galaxies at 5 < z < 8. Our sample consists of 11 galaxies at z ∼ 6 newly observed in our ALMA program, which substantially increases the number of 5 < z < 8 galaxies with both rest-frame 88 and 158 μm continuum observations, allowing us to simultaneously measure the IR luminosity and dust temperature for a statistical sample of z ≳ 5 galaxies for the first time. We derive the relationship between the ultraviolet (UV) slope (β
UV) and infrared excess (IRX) for the z ∼ 6 galaxies, and find a shallower IRX–β
UV relation compared to the previous results at z ∼ 2–4. Based on the IRX–β
UV relation consistent with our results and the β
UV–M
UV relation including fainter galaxies in the literature, we find a limited contribution of the dust-obscured star formation to the total star formation rate density, ∼30% at z ∼ 6. Our measurements of the dust temperature at z ∼ 6–7,

T

dust

=

40.9

−
9.1

+
10.0

K

on average, support a gentle increase of T
dust from z = 0 to z ∼ 6–7. Using an analytic model with parameters consistent with recent James Webb Space Telescope results, we discuss that the observed redshift evolution of the dust temperature can be reproduced by an ∼0.6 dex decrease in the gas depletion timescale and ∼0.4 dex decrease in the metallicity. The variety of T
dust observed at high redshifts can also be naturally explained by scatters around the star formation main sequence and average mass–metallicity relation including an extremely high dust temperature of T
dust > 80 K observed in a galaxy at z = 8.3.
Bayesian Multi-line Intensity Mapping
Authors: Cheng Yun-Ting , Wang Kailai , Wandelt Benjamin D. , Chang Tzu-Ching , Doré Olivier
Published: August 2024

Line intensity mapping (LIM) has emerged as a promising tool for probing the 3D large-scale structure through the aggregate emission of spectral lines. The presence of interloper lines poses a crucial challenge in extracting the signal from the target line in LIM. In this work, we introduce a novel method for LIM analysis that simultaneously extracts line signals from multiple spectral lines, utilizing the covariance of native LIM data elements defined in the spectral–angular space. We leverage correlated information from different lines to perform joint inference on all lines simultaneously, employing a Bayesian analysis framework. We present the formalism, demonstrate our technique with a mock survey setup resembling the SPHEREx deep-field observation, and consider four spectral lines within the SPHEREx spectral coverage in the near-infrared: Hα, [O iii], Hβ, and [O ii]. We demonstrate that our method can extract the power spectrum of all four lines at the ≳10σ level at z < 2. For the brightest line, Hα, the 10σ sensitivity can be achieved out to z ∼ 3. Our technique offers a flexible framework for LIM analysis, enabling simultaneous inference of signals from multiple line emissions while accommodating diverse modeling constraints and parameterizations.
The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J22132050–5137385, the Star with the Highest-known r-process Enhancement at [Eu/Fe] = +2.45*
Authors: Roederer Ian U. , Beers Timothy C. , Hattori Kohei , Placco Vinicius M. , Hansen Terese T. , Ezzeddine Rana , Frebel Anna , Holmbeck Erika M. , Sakari Charli M.
Published: August 2024

We present stellar parameters and chemical abundances of 47 elements detected in the bright (V = 11.63) very metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −2.20 ± 0.12) star 2MASS J22132050−5137385. We observed this star using the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph as part of ongoing work by the R-Process Alliance. The spectrum of 2MASS J22132050−5137385 exhibits unusually strong lines of elements heavier than the iron group, and our analysis reveals that these elements were produced by rapid neutron-capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis. We derive a europium enhancement, [Eu/Fe] = +2.45 ± 0.08, that is higher than any other r-process-enhanced star known at present. This star is only the eighth r-process-enhanced star where both thorium and uranium are detected, and we calculate the age of the r-process material, 13.6 ± 2.6 Gyr, from the radioactive decay of these isotopes. This star contains relatively large enhancements of elements that may be produced as transuranic fission fragments, and we propose a new method using this characteristic to assess the r-process yields and gas dilution in samples of r-process-enhanced stars. Assuming a canonical baryonic minihalo mass of 106
M
⊙ and a 1% metal retention rate, this star formed in a cloud of only ∼600 M
⊙. We conclude that 2MASS J22132050−5137385 exhibits a high level of r-process enhancement because it formed in an environment where the r-process material was less diluted than average.
The Measurement of the Splash-back Radius of Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Shan Huanyuan , Li Ran , Yao Ji , Wang Chunxiang , Li Nan , Zhang Chaoli
Published: August 2024

In the hierarchical evolution framework of cosmology, larger halos grow through matter accretion and halo mergers. To clarify halo evolution, we need to define the halo mass and radius physically. However, the pseudoevolution problem makes the process difficult. Thus, we aim to measure the splash-back radius (R
sp), a physically defined halo radius for a large number of halos with various mass and redshift, and to determine the most important parameters that affect it. We use the typical definition of splash-back radius as the radius with the steepest radial density profile. In this work, we measure the splash-back radius of dark matter halos within the mass of 1013
M
⊙ to 3 × 1015
M
⊙ and redshifts spanning 0.08–0.65. This is the measurement of the R
sp in the largest range of halo mass and redshift. Using the shear catalog of the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey Data Release 8, we investigate the splash-back radius of halos associated with galaxies and galaxy clusters identified in the various catalogs. Our finding reveals a trend wherein massive halos demonstrate a larger splash-back radius, and the normalized splash-back radius (R
sp/R
200m) shows a U-shaped mass evolution. The upturn in these relations mainly comes from the contribution of massive halos with low redshifts. We further find the splash-back radius increases with the peak height, while the normalized splash-back radius has a negative relation with the peak height. We also find that R
sp ≳ R
200m for most halos, indicating their low accretion rates. Our result is consistent with previous literature across a wide range of mass, redshift, and peak height, as well as the simulation work from More et al.
C3NN: Cosmological Correlator Convolutional Neural Network an Interpretable Machine-learning Framework for Cosmological Analyses
Authors: Gong Zhengyangguang , Halder Anik , Bohrdt Annabelle , Seitz Stella , Gebauer David
Published: August 2024

Modern cosmological research in large-scale structure has witnessed an increasing number of machine-learning applications. Among them, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have received substantial attention due to their outstanding performance in image classification, cosmological parameter inference, and various other tasks. However, many models based on CNNs are criticized as “black boxes” due to the difficulties in relating their outputs intuitively and quantitatively to the cosmological fields under investigation. To overcome this challenge, we present the Cosmological Correlator Convolutional Neural Network (C3NN)—a fusion of CNN architecture and cosmological N-point correlation functions (NPCFs). We demonstrate that its output can be expressed explicitly in terms of the analytically tractable NPCFs. Together with other auxiliary algorithms, we can open the “black box” by quantitatively ranking different orders of the interpretable outputs based on their contribution to classification tasks. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate this by applying our framework to a series of binary classification tasks using Gaussian and log-normal random fields and relating its outputs to the NPCFs describing the two fields. Furthermore, we exhibit the model’s ability to distinguish different dark energy scenarios (w
0 = −0.95 and −1.05) using N-body simulated weak-lensing convergence maps and discuss the physical implications coming from their interpretability. With these tests, we show that C3NN combines advanced aspects of machine learning architectures with the framework of cosmological NPCFs, thereby making it an exciting tool to extract physical insights in a robust and explainable way from observational data.
Spatially Resolved Analysis of Stellar Populations in NGC 2992: Impact of Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback
Authors: Xu 许 Xiaoyu 啸宇 , Wang Junfeng , Li Zhiyuan , Chen Yanmei
Published: August 2024

In NGC 2992, a galaxy-scale ionized gas outflow driven by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has long been recognized, yet its impact on the host galaxy has remained elusive. In this paper, we utilize data from the archival Very Large Telescope/MUSE to present a spatially resolved analysis of stellar populations in this galaxy. Two different stellar population templates are employed to fit the stellar continuum, allowing us to determine the light-weighted stellar age, metallicity, the fraction of the young stellar population (age <100 Myr, P
Y), and the average age and metallicity of P
Y. Our results reveal the presence of a very young stellar population (≤40 Myr) within the dust lane and nearly along the galaxy’s major axis. The light-weighted stellar age and the fraction of P
Y show negative trends along the major and minor axes. The average age and metallicity of P
Y present positive trends with increasing distance, except along the northern direction of the major axis. Within the circumnuclear region (<1 kpc), the distribution of the young stellar population is spatially anticorrelated with the AGN outflow cone. The highest fraction of P
Y is observed at the outskirts of the nuclear radio bubble in the northern region near the nucleus. Considering the coupling efficiency and timescales, we propose that the AGN outflow in this galaxy may exert both negative and positive feedback on its host. Additionally, the star formation and the AGN activities could be attributed to the interaction between NGC 2992 and NGC 2993.
JWST Photometry of Globular Clusters in A2744. II. Luminosity and Color Distributions
Authors: Harris William E. , Reina-Campos Marta
Published: August 2024

Deep JWST imaging of the giant galaxy cluster A2744, at redshift z = 0.308, is used to explore the features of its rich population of globular clusters (GCs), building on our initial survey of the system. We use the photometry of more than 10,000 GCs over a 3 mag range to construct the GC luminosity function and color distribution. These results now specifically account for photometric incompleteness as a function of location relative to the five giant galaxies that dominate the gravitational potential of A2744. The total GC population in A2744 is estimated at N
GC ≥ 1.1 × 105, consistent with its high total mass. We also directly compare the observed distributions with theoretical predictions for GC populations drawn from the recent EMP-Pathfinder simulations, viewed at the same 3.5 Gyr look-back time as the cluster. The simulations match the observations well, with the only notable disagreement being that the simulations predict larger numbers of GCs at high metallicity formed after z ≃ 2 than are seen in the data.
Simulated Coronal Mass Ejections on a Young Solar-type Star and the Associated Instantaneous Angular Momentum Loss
Authors: Xu Yu , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D. , Tian Hui , Poppenhäger Katja , Guerrero Gustavo , Liu Xianyu
Published: August 2024

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on stars can change the stars’ magnetic field configurations and mass-loss rates during the eruption and propagation and therefore, may affect the stars’ rotation properties on long timescales. The dynamics of stellar CMEs and their influence on the stellar angular momentum loss rate are not yet well understood. In order to start investigating these CME-related aspects on other stars, we conducted a series of magnetohydrodynamic simulations of CMEs on a solar-type star of moderate activity levels. The propagation and evolution of the CMEs were traced in the three-dimensional outputs and the temporal evolution of their dynamic properties (such as masses, velocities, and kinetic energies) were determined. The simulated stellar CMEs are more massive and energetic than their solar analog, which is a result of the stronger magnetic field on the surface of the simulated star than that of the Sun. The simulated CMEs display masses ranging from ∼1016 to ∼1018 g and kinetic energies from ∼1031 to ∼1033 erg. We also investigated the instantaneous influence of the CMEs on the star’s angular momentum loss rate. Our results suggest that angular momentum can either be added to or removed from the star during the evolution of CME events. We found a positive correlation between the amplitude of the angular momentum loss rate variation and the CME’s kinetic energy as well as mass, suggesting that more energetic/massive CMEs have a higher possibility to add angular momentum to the star.
Denser Environments Cultivate Larger Galaxies: A Comprehensive Study beyond the Local Universe with 3 Million Hyper Suprime-Cam Galaxies
Authors: Ghosh অরিত্র Aritra  ঘোষ , Urry C. Megan , Powell Meredith C. , Shimakawa Rhythm , van den Bosch Frank C. , Nagai Daisuke , Mitra Kaustav , Connolly Andrew J.
Published: August 2024

The relationship between galaxy size and environment has remained enigmatic, with over a decade of conflicting results. We present one of the first comprehensive studies of the variation of galaxy radius with environment beyond the local Universe and demonstrate that large-scale environmental density is correlated with galaxy radius independent of stellar mass and galaxy morphology. We confirm with >5σ confidence that galaxies in denser environments are up to ∼25% larger than their equally massive counterparts with similar morphology in less dense regions of the Universe. We achieve this result by correlating projected two-dimensional densities over ∼360 deg2 with the structural parameters of ∼3 million Hyper Suprime-Cam galaxies at 0.3 ≤ z < 0.7 with

log
M

/

M

⊙

≥
8.9

. Compared to most previous studies, this sample is ∼100–10,000 times larger and goes ∼1 dex deeper in mass completeness. We demonstrate that past conflicting results have been driven by small sample sizes and a lack of robust measurement uncertainties. We verify the presence of the above correlation separately for disk-dominated, bulge-dominated, star-forming, and quiescent subpopulations. We find the strength of the correlation to be dependent on redshift, stellar mass, and morphology. The correlation is strongest at lower redshifts and systematically weakens or disappears beyond z ≥ 0.5. At z ≥ 0.5, more massive galaxies still display a statistically significant correlation. Although some existing theoretical frameworks can be selectively invoked to explain some of the observed correlations, our work demonstrates the need for more comprehensive theoretical investigations of the correlation between galaxy size and environment.
Unraveling the Trigger Mechanism of Explosive Reconnection in Partially Ionized Solar Plasma
Authors: Zafar Abdullah , Ni Lei , Lin Jun , Ali Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Plasmoid instability usually accounts for the onset of fast reconnection events observed in astrophysical plasmas. However, the measured reconnection rate from observations can be one order of magnitude higher than that derived from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. In this study, we present the results of magnetic reconnection in the partially ionized low solar atmosphere based on 2.5D MHD simulations. The whole reconnection process covers two different fast reconnection phases. In the first phase, the slow Sweet–Parker reconnection transits to the plasmoid-mediated reconnection, and the reconnection rate reaches about 0.02. In the second phase, a faster explosive reconnection appears, with the reconnection rate reaching above 0.06. At the same time, a sharp decrease in plasma temperature and density at the principle X-point is observed, which is associated with the strong radiative cooling, the ejection of hot plasma from the local reconnection region, or the motion of the principle X-point from a hot and dense region to a cool and less dense region along the narrow current sheet. This causes gas pressure depletion and increases magnetic diffusion at the main X-point, resulting in the local Petschek-like reconnection and a violent and rapid increase in the reconnection rate. This study for the first time reveals a common phenomenon where the plasmoid-dominated reconnection transits to an explosive faster reconnection with a rate approaching the order of 0.1 in partially ionized plasma in the MHD scale.
Hadronuclear Interactions in Active Galactic Nuclei Jets as the Origin of the Diffuse High-energy Neutrino Background
Authors: Xue Rui , Wang Ze-Rui , Joshi Jagdish C. , Li Wei-Jian
Published: August 2024

The origin of diffuse high-energy neutrinos from TeV to PeV energies detected by the IceCube Observatory remains a mystery. In our previous work, we have shown that hadronuclear (p − p) interactions in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) jets could be important and generate detectable very-high-energy emissions. Here, we further explore these interactions in the AGN jets based on their luminosity function. The diffuse neutrino flux and corresponding γ-ray flux have been calculated and compared with observational data. In our modeling, two beaming patterns are considered separately. To make sure that the corresponding γ-ray flux does not overshoot the diffuse γ-ray background, we find that if the neutrino production region in a jet is opaque to γ-rays, p − p interactions in AGN jets with a small viewing angle (the blazar case) are able to interpret the PeV neutrino background. Similarly, AGN jets with a large viewing angle (the radio galaxy case) may interpret the TeV neutrino background. While, if the neutrino production region is transparent to γ-rays, only blazars have the potential to interpret the diffuse neutrino background around the PeV band. Some caveats are also discussed.
Detecting Gravitational-wave Bursts from Black Hole Binaries in the Galactic Center with LISA
Authors: Knee Alan M. , McIver Jess , Naoz Smadar , Romero-Shaw Isobel M. , Hoang Bao-Minh , Grishin Evgeni
Published: August 2024

Stellar-mass black hole binaries (BHBs) in galactic nuclei are gravitationally perturbed by the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) of the host galaxy, potentially inducing strong eccentricity oscillations through the eccentric Kozai–Lidov mechanism. These highly eccentric binaries emit a train of gravitational-wave (GW) bursts detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)—a planned space-based GW detector—with signal-to-noise ratios up to ∼100 per burst. In this work, we study the GW signature of BHBs orbiting our galaxy’s SMBH, Sgr A*, which are consequently driven to very high eccentricities. We demonstrate that an unmodeled approach using a wavelet decomposition of the data effectively yields the time-frequency properties of each burst, provided that the GW frequency peaks between 10−3 and 10−1 Hz. The wavelet parameters may be used to infer the eccentricity of the binary, measuring

log

10

(
1
−
e
)

within an error of 20%. Our proposed search method can thus constrain the parameter space to be sampled by complementary Bayesian inference methods, which use waveform templates or orthogonal wavelets to reconstruct and subtract the signal from LISA data.
Impacts on Ocean Worlds Are Sufficiently Frequent and Energetic to Be of Astrobiological Importance
Authors: MacKenzie Shannon M. , Pontefract Alexandra , Daly R. Terik , Buffo Jacob J. , Osinski Gordon R. , Cline Christopher J. , Cintala Mark J. , Craft Kathleen L. , Kinczyk Mallory J. , Hedgepeth Joshua , Hörst Sarah M. , Méndez Abel , Pearce Ben K. D. , Stickle Angela M. , Vance Steven D.
Published: August 2024

Evidence for the beneficial role of impacts in the creation of urable or habitable environments on Earth prompts the question of whether meteorite impacts could play a similar role at other potentially urable/habitable worlds like Enceladus, Europa, and Titan. In this work, we demonstrate that to first order, impact conditions on these worlds are likely to have been consistent with the survival of organic compounds and/or sufficient for promoting synthesis in impact melt. We also calculate melt production and freezing times for crater sizes found at Enceladus, Europa, and Titan and find that even the smallest craters at these worlds offer the potential to study the evolution of chemical pathways within impact melt. These first-order calculations point to a critical need to investigate these processes at higher fidelity with lab experiments, sophisticated thermodynamic and chemical modeling, and, eventually, in situ investigations by missions.
Diversity of fish otoliths from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea: report on the first digital collection of fish otoliths from the Atlantic region of Mexico
Authors: Carrara Xavier Chiappa , Badillo Alemán Maribel , Solís Gómez Ariana , Gallardo Torres Alfredo , Pacheco Gongora Eduardo
Published: August 2024

The Otolith Collection of Fishes from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea was created with the objective of conserving and illustrate the diversity of these structures from species living in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the freshwater and brackish systems of the Yucatan Peninsula, incorporating morphological descriptions and morphometric data. Otoliths, non-skeletal calcareous structures that develop in the inner ear of fish, are essential for balance and hearing. They have become pivotal tools for age and growth determination, population analysis, and ecological, trophic, and archaeological studies due to their resistance to degradation and the extensive information they provide about the environment and physiology of fish. The collection now includes otoliths from 214 species from 67 families, obtained through sampling campaigns and collaborations with local fishermen. The otoliths are extracted using techniques that ensure the integrity of the structures for later preservation. High-resolution images are obtained using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and these images are stored in an online database. This database facilitates research and teaching by providing public access to digital specimens and associated data. In addition to fostering academic development, this collection represents a significant step towards the creation of a national platform for otolith data analysis, aligned with international efforts to digitize biological collections. Despite the financial and logistical challenges involved in building and maintaining biological collections, this collection demonstrates its value as an essential resource for taxonomic, systematic, and ecological studies, as well as for biodiversity education and awareness. The online availability of the collection not only facilitates access to data but also promotes innovation and international collaboration in the study of fishes and their habitats.
Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China
Authors: Zhang Ludan , Wang Ying , Li Shuqiang , Zhang Xiaoqing , Yao Zhiyuan
Published: August 2024

Three new species of the genus Belisana Thorell, 1898 are described from karst caves in Guangxi, China: Belisana langping Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), B. lingui Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), and B. tianyang Zhang, Li & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀). In addition, a list of all Belisana species from Guangxi is also provided.
Les plans d’eau qui n’existent plus réchauffent-ils les cours d’eau ? L’exemple de l’impact d’un étang en assec (commune de Cieux, Haute-Vienne)
Authors: Touchart Laurent , Bartout Pascal
Published: August 2024

Le but de la recherche est d’évaluer l’impact thermique d’un étang limousin à déversoir de surface de 2,2 ha sur un ruisseau de rang 1, et de comparer ce résultat, d’une part avec l’influence du même plan d’eau mis en assec, d’autre part avec un second étang resté en eau. La recherche s’appuie sur 8 ans de mesures horaires de température de l’eau. Elle est cadrée par une réflexion épistémologique menant à une nouvelle typologie des démarches empiriques existantes (température d’effacement, de rétablissement, de transfert, de reconstruction, d’équilibre, de reconstitution) et remettant en cause l’assimilation trop souvent pratiquée entre les températures d’entrée et de sortie du plan d’eau. De juin à septembre, le ruisseau est en moyenne de 6,0 °C plus chaud en aval qu’en amont quand l’étang est en eau, de 0,8 °C quand il est en assec. En eau, ce sont les minima qui sont le plus augmentés, en assec ce sont les maxima. Un gradient moyen de réchauffement du ruisseau de 0,27 °C/100 m est mesuré d’amont en aval. Comparé avec le réchauffement dû à l’étang sur la même distance, il permet d’estimer que l’évolution naturelle du ruisseau est responsable de 15 % du réchauffement, l’étang en causant 85 %. Sur une distance plus grande prenant en compte l’impact cumulé d’une chaîne de deux étangs, la part de l’évolution naturelle du cours d’eau monte à 26 %.
Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity Is Not Associated With Systemic Hypertension
Authors: Akbar Mizna , Avdagic Ema , Carlos Christine , Blair Michael , Yang Carina , Rodriguez Sarah Hilkert
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To evaluate for an association between systemic hypertension and intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment, due to a 2020 case report of a neonate with ROP developing systemic hypertension and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) after IVB and limited data on long-term safety of IVB.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using vital signs for 90 days, comparing IVB to laser treatment. The primary outcome was short-term hypertension, recorded for at least 3 consecutive days following treatment. As a secondary outcome, infants treated with IVB were also compared to infants with severe ROP who experienced spontaneous regression without treatment. Rates of long-term hypertension, based on chart diagnoses at discharge, were also reviewed. Neuroimaging was re-reviewed to evaluate for vasogenic edema consistent with PRES.

Results

Overall, 137 infants with severe ROP were included, of whom 94 required treatment. There were no baseline differences in neonatal comorbidities comparing laser to IVB. There was no difference on unadjusted or adjusted logistic regression comparing odds of short-term hypertension after IVB to laser (adjusted odds ratio: 0.69, 095% CI: 0.25, 1.87). There was no significant difference in the rate of long-term hypertension diagnoses by treatment group.

Conclusions

The lack of association between IVB and short-term systemic hypertension is reassuring. Further studies are warranted to confirm this.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(6):434–441.]
Virtual Reality With Eye Tracking for Pediatric Ophthalmology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nikolaidou Anna , Sandali Athanasia , Chatzidimitriou Eirini , Pantelaki Dimitra , Gianni Theodora , Lamprogiannis Lampros
Published: August 2024

Virtual reality presents an efficient and engaging approach to ophthalmological diagnosis and treatment in children. This systematic review investigates the current state of eye tracking technology integrated into virtual reality for the spectrum of pediatric ophthalmology. The search encompassed the MEDLINE database via PubMed, without imposing any time restrictions. A total of 20 relevant studies that met our inclusion criteria were incorporated and categorized into the following domains: diagnosis, examination, treatment, and rehabilitation use of virtual reality devices within the realm of pediatric ophthalmology. Strabismus examinations and postoperative monitoring, inherited retinal degeneration examination and visual function testing, therapy of amblyopia, glaucoma visual field testing, cerebral visual impairment rehabilitation, and neuro-ophthalmic disease examination were included in the final analysis. Pediatric ophthalmology offers a promising landscape for the integration of eye tracking technology within virtual reality, with accelerated, quantifiable, and objective examination and diagnosis, and precise, real-time measurements that are crucial in children. Virtual reality is an engaging experience, easily applied in a pediatric setting and facilitating compliance during examination and adherence to therapy. Although our systematic review provides insights into the current state of research, it is anticipated that further exploration is required for the widespread utilization of eye tracking in virtual reality within pediatric ophthalmology.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(6):381–390.]
Predictors of No-Show Status: An Analysis of Pediatric Ophthalmology Patients at an Academic Ophthalmology Department in the United States
Authors: Borkhetaria Rucha K. , Hussain Zain S. , Giang Vanna , Ely Amanda L.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To identify pediatric patient and appointment characteristics associated with no-show status at a tertiary care pediatric ophthalmology clinic within a U.S. academic ophthalmology department.

Methods

A cross-sectional retrospective chart review was performed for all pediatric patients with a scheduled ophthalmology appointment at the Penn State Eye Center between April 1, 2022 and March 31, 2023. A multivariate logistic regression analysis assessed associations between appointment nonattendance and patient characteristics.

Results

Of 8,083 scheduled visits, 1,445 (17.9%) were no-shows. Factors associated with no-show status included appointment type (new vs return odds ratio [OR]: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.63,
P
< .001); lower median household income (< $41,374 vs > $68,957 OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.40 to 2.55,
P
< .001; $41,374 to $68,957 vs > $68,957 OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.44,
P
< .001); non-private insurance (self-pay vs private: OR: 5.65, 95% CI: 3.87 to 8.24,
P
< .001, Medicaid vs private: OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 2.32 to 3.16,
P
< .001); commute distance 10 to 30 miles vs < 5 miles (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.99,
P
= .008); race: unavailable vs White (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.66 to 2.85,
P
< .001), Black vs White (OR: 1.86, 95% CI:1.53 to 2.27,
P
< .001), Other vs White (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.27 to 1.70,
P
< .001); ethnicity: Hispanic vs non-Hispanic (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.62 to 2.27,
P
< .001); and language preference: Spanish vs English (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.49 to 2.32,
P
< .001), Nepali vs English (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.43,
P
= .027), other vs English (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.49,
P
< .001). Appointment reminders (phone call,
P
= .013); text message,
P
< .001; other,
P
= .013) all resulted in a greater propensity to show, but email communication alone did not (
P
= .674).

Conclusions

Certain patient and appointment characteristics that are linked to a higher rate of no-show status can inform targeted initiatives to improve health care outcomes, resource utilization, and clinical efficiency in the pediatric ophthalmology community.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(6):442–451.]
On the effective method for the space-fractional advection-diffusion equation by the Galerkin method
Authors: Jebreen Haifa Bin , Wang Hongzhou
Published: August 2024

The present work is dedicated to a study that focuses on solving space-fractional advection-diffusion equations (SFADEs) using the Galerkin method. Through our analysis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in solving the considered equations. After introducing the Chebyshev cardinal functions (CCFs), the Caputo fractional derivative (CFD) was represented based on these bases as an operational matrix. Applying the Galerkin method reduces the desired equation to a system of algebraic equations. We have proved that the method converges analytically. By solving some numerical examples, we have demonstrated that the proposed method is effective and yields superior outcomes compared to existing methods for addressing this problem.
HIV-related Perceptions, Knowledge, Professional Ethics, Institutional Support, and HIV/AIDS-related Stigma in Health Services in West Sumatra, Indonesia: An Empirical Evaluation Using PLS-SEM
Authors: Triana Vivi , Effendi Nursyirwan , Hastuti Brian Sri Pra , Ilmiawati Cimi , Devianto Dodi , Afrizal Afrizal , Bachtiar Adang , Semiarty Rima , Raveinal Raveinal
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of associations between knowledge, professional ethics, institutional support, perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS, and HIV/AIDS-related stigma among health workers in West Sumatra, Indonesia.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving health workers at public hospitals and health centers in West Sumatra in June 2022. The Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale was employed to assess the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS. To estimate and evaluate the model’s ability to explain the proposed constructs, we utilized the standardized partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM).Results: In total, 283 individuals participated in this study (average age, 39 years). The majority were female (91.2%), nearly half were nurses (49.5%), and 59.4% had been working for more than 10 years. The study revealed that HIV/AIDS-related stigma persisted among health workers. The PLS-SEM results indicated that all latent variables had variance inflation factors below 5, confirming that they could be retained in the model. Knowledge and professional ethics significantly contributed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related stigma, with an effect size (f²) of 0.15 or greater. In contrast, perceived and institutional support had a smaller impact on HIV-related stigma, with an effect size (f²) of at least 0.02. The R 2 value for health worker stigma was 0.408, suggesting that knowledge, professional ethics, institutional support, and perceived support collectively explain 40.8% of the variance in stigma.Conclusions: Improving health workers’ understanding of HIV, fostering professional ethics, and strengthening institutional support are essential for reducing HIV-related stigma in this population.
APPLICATION ANALYSIS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC INTEGRATED SHADING DEVICES CONSIDERING INDOOR ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY CHANGE IN GREEN BUILDINGS
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Wei , Jia Ling , Wang Chenglong , Zhang Wendi , Huang Lei
Published: August 2024

Constructing solar-powered cities with photovoltaic panels installed on building façades saves energy and reduces carbon emissions. Since photovoltaic integrated shading devices (PVSDs) differ from rooftop photovoltaics, their design must consider power generation capacity, indoor thermal environment, and lighting control to maximise the energy-saving potential. This study simulates and evaluates the performance of PVSDs combined lighting control in energy-efficient buildings based on EnergyPlus and addresses the conflict between the indoor environment and photovoltaic power generation by optimising the geometric parameters of photovoltaic systems in China's hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) zones. The findings indicate that the combined lighting control mitigates the detrimental effects of PVSDs on lighting, and the design optimisation makes it possible to acquire positive shading benefits and significantly boost the performance of PVSDs, thus saving more energy than rooftop photovoltaics. The maximum energy-saving rate of a room with 12.5% of its façade wall utilised reached 49.295%. This study provides an example of the practical application and evaluation of PVSDs in HSCW zones.
Innovation Diplomacy in the LAC Region and InnSciD Case Study From Brazil
Authors: Awan Almas Taj , Bettini Humberto Filipe de Andrade Januário , Ferreira Gabriela Gomes Coelho , Onuki Janina , de Oliveira Amâncio Jorge Silva Nunes
Published: August 2024

With rapid globalization, efforts focusing on science diplomacy in the Global South have proven essential elements of foreign policy. Such efforts mainly include transnational research partnerships and guiding foreign policy agendas with scientific advice. Nevertheless, rapidly trending innovation ecosystems in different parts of the world have brought forward a new perspective of science diplomacy, more inclined towards collaborative innovation. This aspect of science diplomacy, known as innovation diplomacy focuses on financial/commercial growth and shared mutual benefits that may improve international relations between countries. In this chapter, the authors discuss why the Global South, especially the LAC region, could benefit from focusing on Innovation diplomacy. The authors believe that there is a growing interest of stakeholders from the LAC region for getting familiar with this subject. To illustrate this, they share some quantitative analyses of “The Sao Paulo School of Advanced Sciences on Science and Innovation Diplomacy” (InnSciD-SP).
Geopolitics and Science and Technology Cooperation in Argentina, Chile, and Colombia
Authors: Prieto Julian , Vera Nevia , Guglielminotti Cristian
Published: August 2024

Science can shape beliefs, behaviors, and societal structures globally. Recently, the concept of science diplomacy (SD) has gained prominence. However, SD has faced criticism for overlooking power dynamics inherent in diplomatic agendas. Countries from the Global South have begun integrating SD strategies. Yet, there is a gap in understanding the diplomacy for science dimension captured by the formal agreements these nations are pursuing. This chapter addresses this gap by examining SD initiatives from Argentina, Chile, and Colombia with major economic powers like the United States, the European Union, and China. Using a comparative case study research design this chapter identifies and categorizes formal agreements from leading scientific agencies between 2018 and 2023. It also builds a taxonomy of science diplomacy instruments. It concludes that despite a historical subordination to the science diplomacy agendas of the economic powers, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia are emerging as proactive partners, transitioning from recipients to viable collaborators in training and research.
Environmental and Institutional Sustainability in Entrepreneurship Ecosystems
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González-Ávila Francisco J. , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: August 2024

This study analyzes the implications of institutional environment and sustainability on entrepreneurship ecosystems. It is assumed in a complex, uncertain, and turbulent institutional environment, sustainability affects the development of national, regional, and local entrepreneurship ecosystems. The method employed is the meta-analysis and reflective based on the theoretical, conceptual, and empirical review of the literature. It is concluded that the institutional environmental sustainability influences the national, regional, and local entrepreneurship ecosystems.
Sustainable Agricultural Development
Authors: Abobatta Waleed Fouad , Fouad Fatma Waleed
Published: August 2024

Sustainable agricultural practices improve food security, increase farmers' profitability, and preserve the environment. By implementing sustainable farming methods such as crop rotation, integrated pest management, and conservation tillage, farmers can improve soil health, reduce water usage, and minimize agrochemical inputs. Moreover, sustainable agriculture promotes biodiversity and protects natural resources such as water and soil. Responsible farming practices preserve the environment and ensure that future generations access fertile land and clean water sources. Additionally, sustainable agriculture can help farmers achieve higher crop yields and better-quality produce, adapt to changing climate conditions, and mitigate the impact of climate change on food production. Sustainable agricultural practices are essential for ensuring food security, increasing farmers' profitability, and preserving the environment for future generations. We must continue to support and promote sustainable farming methods to create a more resilient and sustainable food system.