bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of precision medicine assessment reports of the Belgian healthcare payer to inform reimbursement decisions
Authors: Govaerts Laurenz , Waeytens Anouk , Van Dyck Walter , Simoens Steven , Huys Isabelle
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Precision medicines rely on companion diagnostics to identify patient subgroups eligible for receiving the pharmaceutical product. Until recently, the Belgian public health payer, RIZIV-INAMI, assessed precision medicines and companion diagnostics separately for reimbursement decisions. As both components are considered co-dependent technologies, their assessment should be conducted jointly from a health technology assessment (HTA) perspective. As of July 2019, a novel procedure was implemented accommodating for this joint assessment practice. The aim of this research was to formulate recommendations to improve the assessment in the novel procedure.

Methods

This study evaluated the precision medicine assessment reports of RIZIV-INAMI of the last 5 years under the former assessment procedure. The HTA framework for co-dependent technologies developed by Merlin et al. for the Australian healthcare system was used as a reference standard in this evaluation. Criteria were scored as either present or not present.

Results

Thirteen assessment reports were evaluated. Varying scores between reports were obtained for the domain establishing the co-dependent relationship between diagnostic and pharmaceutical. Domains evaluating the clinical utility of the biomarker and the cost-effectiveness performed poorly, whereas the budget impact and the transfer of trial data to the local setting performed well.

Recommendations

Based on these results we recommend three amendments for the novel procedure. (i) The implementation of the linked evidence approach when direct evidence of clinical utility is not present, (ii) incorporation of a bias assessment tool, and (iii) further specify guidelines for submission and assessment to decrease the variability of reported evidence between assessment reports.
The role of caregiver speech in supporting language development in infants and toddlers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Swanson Meghan R.
Published: September 2020

Parents play an essential role in supporting child development by providing a safe home, proper nutrition, and rich educational opportunities. In this article we focus on the role of caregiver speech in supporting development of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We review studies from typically developing children and children with autism showing that rich and responsive caregiver speech supports language development. Autism intervention studies that target caregiver speech are reviewed as are recent scientific advances from studies of typical development. The strengths and weakness of different techniques for collecting language data from caregivers and children are reviewed, and natural language samples are recommended as best practice for language research in autism. We conclude that caregivers play a powerful role in shaping their children's development and encourage researchers to adapt parent-mediated intervention studies to acknowledge individual differences in parents by using a personalized medicine approach.
A conceptual model of risk and protective factors associated with internalizing symptoms in autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review, synthesis, and call for more research
Authors: Yarger Heather A. , Redcay Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

This paper reviews and synthesizes key areas of research related to the etiology, development, and maintenance of internalizing symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In developing an integrated conceptual model, we draw from current conceptual models of internalizing symptoms in ASD and extend the model to include factors related to internalizing within other populations (e.g., children that have experienced early life stress, children with other neurodevelopmental conditions, typically developing children) that have not been systematically examined in ASD. Our review highlights the need for more research to understand the developmental course of internalizing symptoms, potential moderators, and the interplay between early risk and protective factors. Longitudinal studies incorporating multiple methods and both environmental and biological factors will be important in order to elucidate these mechanisms.
Neuroethics for Fantasyland or for the Clinic? The Limitations of Speculative Ethics
Authors: HANSSON SVEN OVE
Published: September 2020

What purpose can be served by empirically unsubstantiated speculation in ethics? In answering that question, we need to distinguish between the major branches of ethics. In foundational moral philosophy, the use of speculative examples is warranted to the extent that ethical principles and theories are assumed to be applicable even under the extreme circumstances referred to in these examples. Such an assumption is in need of justification, and it cannot just be taken for granted. In applied ethics, the use of unrealistic scenarios is more difficult to justify. It can be positively harmful if it diverts our attention from more urgent issues. Neuroethics is one of the areas of applied ethics where speculative scenarios have taken up much of the attention that could instead have been devoted to problems that are relevant for the treatment and care of patients. Speculative ethics has often been defended with mere possibility arguments that may at first hand seem difficult to refute. It is shown with examples how such claims can be defeated with a combination of science and argumentation analysis.
Pathologizing the Jíbaro: Mental and Social Health in Puerto Rico's Oso Blanco (1930s to 1950s)
Authors: Ortiz Díaz Alberto
Published: September 2020

The jíbaro—the emblematic figure of Puerto Rico—has long been at the center of the archipelago's political and professional discussions. Building on the work of scholars who have traced the jíbaro's history, this article complicates the tension between the politically nationalistic definition of humble jíbaros working in the countryside and scientific observations of jíbaros within the confines of the criminal-legal system. By the mid twentieth century, mainstream understandings of jíbaros were increasingly fashioned by psychiatry, social science, and social work, all of which connected jíbaros to other rural identities. These projections of the jíbaro powerfully materialized in Puerto Rico's premier biosocial laboratory, the Insular Penitentiary at Río Piedras (popularly known as Oso Blanco). An analysis of the work of penitentiary psychiatrists and social health professionals with prison inmates reveals a more complex, troubling image of redeemable Puerto Rican men with rural roots and sensibilities than the idyllic representations of jíbaros circulating at the time suggest. Oso Blanco health practitioners pathologized the jíbaro to identify and mend his perceived psychosocial shortcomings, and to diminish any defiance he harbored. In so doing, they reinforced the notion that jíbaros were racialized living artifacts central to colonial-populist designs and constituency-building.
Combined inhibition of JAK1/2 and DNMT1 by newly identified small-molecule compounds synergistically suppresses the survival and proliferation of cervical cancer cells
Authors: She Shiqi , Zhao Yang , Kang Bo , Chen Cheng , Chen Xinyu , Zhang Xiaobing , Chen Wenjie , Dan Songsong , Wang Hangxiang , Wang Ying-Jie , Zhao Jinhao
Published: September 2020

Despite substantial advances in treating cervical cancer (CC) with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, patients with advanced CC still have poor prognosis and significantly variable clinical outcomes due to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, to develop more efficacious and specific treatments for CC remains an unmet clinical need. In this study, by virtual screening the SPECS database, we identified multiple novel JAK inhibitor candidates and validated their antitumor drug efficacies that were particularly high against CC cell lines. AH057, the best JAK inhibitor identified, effectively blocked the JAK/STAT pathways by directly inhibiting JAK1/2 kinase activities, and led to compromised cell proliferation and invasion, increased apoptosis, arrested cell cycles, and impaired tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Next, by screening the Selleck chemical library, we identified SGI-1027, a DNMT1 inhibitor, as the compound that displayed the highest synergy with AH057. By acting on a same set of downstream effector molecules that are dually controlled by JAK1/2 and DNMT1, the combination of AH057 with SGI-1027 potently and synergistically impaired CC cell propagation via dramatically increasing apoptotic cell death and cell-cycle arrest. These findings establish a preclinical proof of concept for combating CC by dual targeting of JAK1/2 and DNMT1, and provide support for launching a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this drug combination in patients with CC and other malignant tumors.
Subclinical thiamine deficiency identified by pretreatment evaluation in an esophageal cancer patient
Authors: Yoshioka Akira , Sato Izumi , Onishi Hideki , Ishida Mayumi
Published: September 2020

Despite the fact that both thiamine deficiency (TD) and Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) have been observed to some degree in cancer patients, such cases of TD and/or WE reported to date have all been diagnosed after the initiation of treatment. We here report a case of TD that presented without the commonly accepted triad of WE symptoms based on a total nutritional evaluation prior to the onset of treatment for cancer. The patient was a 71-year-old man with esophageal cancer who was referred to the oncology outpatient clinic for evaluation to determine the treatment plan. Although he did not present with delirium, cerebellar signs, or ocular symptoms, TD was suspected based on a reduction in appetite lasting 2 months as thiamine stores in the body are depleted in as few as 18 days. Blood findings showed a marked decline in serum thiamine level supported, which the diagnosis of TD. This case revealed the existence of a cancer patient with subclinical TD prior to the onset of treatment for cancer. Due to the fact that TD can occur without the characteristic symptoms as in this case, we believe it is important that total nutritional evaluation of cancer patients always be considered.
Polygenic risk score for the prediction of breast cancer is related to lesser terminal duct lobular unit involution of the breast
Authors: Bodelon Clara , Oh Hannah , Derkach Andriy , Sampson Joshua N. , Sprague Brian L. , Vacek Pamela , Weaver Donald L. , Fan Shaoqi , Palakal Maya , Papathomas Daphne , Xiang Jackie , Patel Deesha A. , Linville Laura , Clare Susan E. , Visscher Daniel W. , Mies Carolyn , Hewitt Stephen M. , Brinton Louise A. , Storniolo Anna Maria V. , He Chunyan , Chanock Stephen J. , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Gierach Gretchen L. , Figueroa Jonine D.
Published: September 2020

Terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) are the predominant anatomical structures where breast cancers originate. Having lesser degrees of age-related TDLU involution, measured as higher TDLUs counts or more epithelial TDLU substructures (acini), is related to increased breast cancer risk among women with benign breast disease (BBD). We evaluated whether a recently developed polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 313-common variants for breast cancer prediction is related to TDLU involution in the background, normal breast tissue, as this could provide mechanistic clues on the genetic predisposition to breast cancer. Among 1398 women without breast cancer, higher values of the PRS were significantly associated with higher TDLU counts (P = 0.004), but not with acini counts (P = 0.808), in histologically normal tissue samples from donors and diagnostic BBD biopsies. Mediation analysis indicated that TDLU counts may explain a modest proportion (≤10%) of the association of the 313-variant PRS with breast cancer risk. These findings suggest that TDLU involution might be an intermediate step in the association between common genetic variation and breast cancer risk.
Prognostic and predictive value of circulating tumor DNA during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Cavallone Luca , Aguilar-Mahecha Adriana , Lafleur Josiane , Brousse Susie , Aldamry Mohammed , Roseshter Talia , Lan Cathy , Alirezaie Najmeh , Bareke Eric , Majewski Jacek , Ferrario Cristiano , Hassan Saima , Discepola Federico , Seguin Carole , Mihalcioiu Catalin , Marcus Elizabeth A. , Robidoux André , Roy Josée-Anne , Pelmus Manuela , Basik Mark
Published: September 2020

Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly prognostic and determines whether adjuvant chemotherapy is needed if residual tumor is found at surgery. To evaluate the predictive and prognostic values of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in this setting, we analyzed tumor and serial bloods from 26 TNBC patients collected prior, during, and after NAC. Individual digital droplet PCR assays were developed for 121 variants (average 5/patient) identified from tumor sequencing, enabling ctDNA detection in 96% of patients at baseline. Mutant allele frequency at baseline was associated with clinical characteristics. Levels drastically fell after one cycle of NAC, especially in patients whose tumors would go on to have a pathological complete response (pCR), but then rose significantly before surgery in patients with significant residual tumor at surgery (p = 0.0001). The detection of ctDNA early during treatment and also late at the end of NAC before surgery was strongly predictive of residual tumor at surgery, but its absence was less predictive of pCR, especially when only TP53 variants are considered. ctDNA detection at the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy indicated significantly worse relapse-free survival (HR = 0.29 (95% CI 0.08–0.98), p = 0.046), and overall survival (HR = 0.27 95% CI 0.075–0.96), p = 0.043). Hence, individualized multi-variant ctDNA testing during and after NAC prior to surgery has prognostic and predictive value in early TNBC patients.
Running performance with emphasis on low temperatures in a Patagonian lizard, Liolaemus lineomaculatus
Authors: Cecchetto N. R. , Medina S. M. , Ibargüengoytía N. R.
Published: September 2020

Lizard activity and endurance of cold climate is regulated by several factors such as evolutionary potential, acclimatization capacity, physiological tolerance, and locomotion among thermally advantageous microenvironments.Liolaemus lineomaculatus, a lizard inhabiting a wide range of cold environments in Patagonia, provides an excellent model to test interpopulation variability in thermal performance curves (TPCs) and usage of microhabitats. We obtained critical thermal minima and maxima, and performed running trials at eight temperatures using lizards from both a temperate-site (high-altitude) population at 42° S and a cold-site population at 50° S. The availability of environmental temperatures for running performance in open ground and in potential lizard refuges were recorded, and showed that lizards in the temperate site had a greater availability of thermal environments offering temperatures conducive to locomotion. Generalized additive mixed models showed that the two populations displayed TPCs of different shapes in 0.15 m runs at temperatures near their optimal temperature, indicating a difference in thermal sensitivity at high temperatures. However, the rest of the locomotor parameters remained similar betweenLiolaemus lineomaculatusfrom thermal and ecological extremes of their geographic distribution and this may partly explain their ability to endure a cold climate.
Retrospective comparative analysis of choledochoscopic bile duct exploration versus ERCP for bile duct stones
Authors: Al-Habbal Y. , Reid I. , Tiang T. , Houli N. , Lai B. , McQuillan T. , Bird D. , Yong T.
Published: September 2020

Debate still exists for the management of choledocholithiasis. The purpose of this study is to quantify the rate of recurrent choledocholithiasis post choledochoscopic bile duct exploration (CBDE) in comparison to ERCP and sphincterotomy, and to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in a busy metropolitan hospital. Data of patients undergoing CBDE from 2009–2014 at the Northern Hospital, Victoria, Australia, was collected retrospectively. Primary outcomes were bile duct clearance rate and rate of recurrent stones post-clearance. Secondary outcomes measured were post-operative complications, laparoscopic to open conversion rate and operative time. Data of patients undergoing ERCP at the same institution was collected and compared. In total, there were 4,091 cholecystectomy cases performed from 2009–2014, of which 260 (6.3%) of patients had an intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) indicating a common bile duct (CBD) stone. Two hundred and forty-eight patients (95.3%) had a CBDE. The remaining 12 patients (4.6%) had radiological clearance, which were excluded from the study. The overall clearance rate for patients undergoing CBDE was 84% (209/248). The risk of recurrent stones up to 8 years post clearance was 2% (4/209). In the same institution, and between 1998–2012, a total of 1,148 patients underwent ERCP, of which 571 had endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES). Forty-three patients required a repeat ERCP for recurrent CBD stones with a complication rate of 7.5%. Time to recurrence ranged from 6 months to 10 years with a mean of 4.5 years. The rate of recurrence was lower in the CBDE group compared to the patients who had an ERCP (8.9% vs. 2%). CBDE is a feasible and effective method for clearance of CBD stones at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This approach, although not widely used, reduces the need for ERCP, which has inherent complications. In the longer term, this series showed a significant reduction in the rate of CBD stone recurrence.
Aging and haptic shape discrimination: the effects of variations in size
Authors: Norman J. Farley , Dukes Jessica M. , Palmore Tori N.
Published: September 2020

Seventy-two older and younger adults haptically discriminated the solid shape of natural objects (bell peppers, Capsicum annuum). Plastic copies of the original-sized fruits were used as experimental stimuli, as well as copies that were reduced in size to 1/8th and 1/27th of the original object volumes. If haptic object shape is represented in a part-based manner, then haptic shape discrimination performance should be at least partly size invariant, since changes only in scale do not affect an object’s constituent parts. On any given trial, participants sequentially explored two bell pepper replicas and were required to judge whether they possessed the same shape or had different shapes. For some participants, the objects to be discriminated possessed the same size, while for others, the two objects had different sizes. It was found that variations in scale did significantly reduce the participants’ haptic sensitivities to shape. Nevertheless, the discrimination performance obtained for large variations in size was no lower than that obtained for smaller variations in size. The results also demonstrated that increases in age modestly affect haptic shape discrimination performance: the d′ values of the older participants were 15.5% lower than those of the younger participants.
Association of mismatch repair status with survival and response to neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy in rectal cancer
Authors: Ye Shu-Biao , Cheng Yi-Kan , Zhang Lin , Zou Yi-Feng , Chen Ping , Deng Yan-Hong , Huang Yan , Peng Jian-Hong , Wu Xiao-Jian , Lan Ping
Published: September 2020

Prior reports have indicated that defective mismatch repair (MMR) has a favorable impact on outcome in colorectal cancer patients treated with surgery, immunotherapy, or adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the impact of MMR status on response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer is not well understood. Here we report that dMMR was associated with improved disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.034) in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). Patients with dMMR tumors who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) achieved significantly worse DFS (P = 0.026) than those treated with NCT. Conversely, NCRT improved DFS (P = 0.043) in patients with pMMR tumors, especially for stage III disease with improved DFS (P = 0.02). The presence of dMMR was associated with better prognosis in rectal cancer patients treated with NCT. NCT benefited patients with dMMR tumors; while NCRT benefited patients with stage III disease and pMMR tumors. Patients stratified by MMR status may provide a more tailored approach to rectal cancer neoadjuvant therapy.
Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) genomic analysis reveals putative cryptic species, population structure, and adaptation to pest control
Authors: Andrews Kimberly R. , Gerritsen Alida , Rashed Arash , Crowder David W. , Rondon Silvia I. , van Herk Willem G. , Vernon Robert , Wanner Kevin W. , Wilson Cathy M. , New Daniel D. , Fagnan Matthew W. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Hunter Samuel S.
Published: September 2020

The larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), known as “wireworms,” are agricultural pests that pose a substantial economic threat worldwide. We produced one of the first wireworm genome assemblies (Limonius californicus), and investigated population structure and phylogenetic relationships of three species (L. californicus, L. infuscatus, L. canus) across the northwest US and southwest Canada using genome-wide markers (RADseq) and genome skimming. We found two species (L. californicus and L. infuscatus) are comprised of multiple genetically distinct groups that diverged in the Pleistocene but have no known distinguishing morphological characters, and therefore could be considered cryptic species complexes. We also found within-species population structure across relatively short geographic distances. Genome scans for selection provided preliminary evidence for signatures of adaptation associated with different pesticide treatments in an agricultural field trial for L. canus. We demonstrate that genomic tools can be a strong asset in developing effective wireworm control strategies.
Photolysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using Cu-doped carbon spheres
Authors: Xi Juqun , An Lanfang , Wei Gen , Huang Yaling , Li Dandan , Fan Lei , Gao Lizeng
Published: September 2020

Cu-HCSs in combination with blue-light irradiation promoted photobleaching of STX to destroy membrane integrity, and further caused oxidative cleavage of DNA and proteins inside MRSA, resulting in efficient killing of MRSA.
Uniformly distributed ruthenium nanocrystals as highly efficient peroxidase for hydrogen peroxide colorimetric detection and nitroreductase for 4-nitroaniline reduction
Authors: Feng Shiya , Ming Mei , Wang Mingzhu , Wang Xue , He Daiping , Jiang Ping , Chen Yuyun
Published: September 2020

Uniformly distributed ruthenium nanocrystals anchored onto a porous carbon as peroxidase for H2O2colorimetric detection and nitroreductase for 4-nitroaniline reduction.
Study on spheroidization and the growth mechanism of eutectic boron in Cu–B alloys
Authors: Yuan Wentao , Wu Yuying , Zhang Guodong , Wu Chongchong , Zhao Shuo , Liu Xiangfa
Published: September 2020

The formation process of a solid boron sphere, hollow boron sphere and cladding structure.
Double modulation SRS and SREF microscopy: signal contributions under pre-resonance conditions
Authors: Fimpel Peter , Choorakuttil Ashwin J. X. , Pruccoli Andrea , Ebner Lukas , Tanaka Shunji , Ozeki Yasuyuki , Winterhalder Martin J. , Zumbusch Andreas
Published: September 2020

Double modulation of the excitation light gives quantitative insight into signal contributions in pre-resonance SRS and SREF spectroscopy.
Insights into the mechanism of the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of a MoS2/BiOI heterostructure with interfacial coupling
Authors: Hu Jisong , Liu Jie , Chen Zhangze , Ma Xinguo , Liu Yang , Wang Shiqi , Liu Zhifeng , Huang Chuyun
Published: September 2020

The mechanism of the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of MoS2/BiOI heterostructure under interfacial coupling.
Exploring the mechanism and counterion activity regulation in the CoIII(salen)-catalyzed hydration of propylene oxide
Authors: Yang Hui-Qing , Chen Zhao-Xu
Published: September 2020

The nucleophilicity of counterion X determines the reaction mechanism (concerted or stepwise) and the reaction rate of propylene oxide hydration.
Paradoxical design of a serendipitous pyrazolate bridging mode: a pragmatic strategy for inducing ineluctable ferromagnetic coupling
Authors: Roy Manasi , Pal Arun K. , Adhikary Amit , Datta Ayan , Mondal Raju
Published: September 2020

In this contribution, we have carried out a systematic magnetostructural investigation to establish a robust one-to-one correlation between the quasi-orthogonal bridging mode of a pyrazolate ring and ferromagnetic coupling.
Luminescent polypyridyl heteroleptic CrIII complexes with high quantum yields and long excited state lifetimes
Authors: Jiménez Juan-Ramón , Poncet Maxime , Doistau Benjamin , Besnard Céline , Piguet Claude
Published: September 2020

Heteroleptic CrIII complexes combining tridentate 6-membered chelate rings: enhancing quantum yield and excited state lifetimes.
Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
Authors: Awad Raed , Zhou Yihui , Nyberg Elisabeth , Namazkar Shahla , Yongning Wu , Xiao Qianfen , Sun Yaije , Zhu Zhiliang , Bergman Åke , Benskin Jonathan P.
Published: September 2020

Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were investigated in human milk from Stockholm (Sweden), and the cities of Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing (China).
Towards sustainable ethylene production with cyanobacterial artificial biofilms
Authors: Vajravel Sindhujaa , Sirin Sema , Kosourov Sergey , Allahverdiyeva Yagut
Published: September 2020

Photosynthetic engineered cyanobacteria hold a great potential for the direct conversion of solar energy and CO2 into ‘green’ ethylene.
Zr-Based MOFs for oxidative desulfurization: what matters?
Authors: Hao Leiduan , Stoian Sebastian A. , Weddle Lydia R. , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2020

Hierarchically porous Zr-based MOF (HP-Zr-MOF) as a catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of fuel was studied.
Channel innovations for inertial microfluidics
Authors: Tang Wenlai , Zhu Shu , Jiang Di , Zhu Liya , Yang Jiquan , Xiang Nan
Published: September 2020

A review discussing the channel innovations for inertial microfluidics.
Easy colorimetric detection of gadolinium ions based on gold nanoparticles: key role of phosphine-sulfonate ligands
Authors: Yon Marjorie , Pibourret Claire , Marty Jean-Daniel , Ciuculescu-Pradines Diana
Published: September 2020

Specific interactions between sulfonate groups of phosphine-sulfonate ligands on the surface of Au nanoparticles and Gd3+ ions allow the colorimetric detection of Gd3+ ions at the μM level.
Theoretical study of the surface structure of anatase nanoparticles: effect on dye adsorption and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Palko Nadezhda , Potemkin Vladimir , Grishina Maria
Published: September 2020

The properties of TiO2 can vary greatly, depending on the size and morphology of the particles used.
Synthesis of 2-bromomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans from 2-allylphenols enabled by organocatalytic activation of N-bromosuccinimide
Authors: Furst Carolina G. , Cota Paulo H. P. , dos Santos Wanderley Taciano A. , Alberto Eduardo E.
Published: September 2020

Activation of NBS in acetic acid and a catalytic amount of DBU promotes an intramolecular oxybromination of 2-allylphenols to produce highly aggregated value and densely functionalized 2-bromomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans.
Photophysical properties and electron transfer photochemical reactivity of substituted phthalimides
Authors: Mandić Leo , Džeba Iva , Jadreško Dijana , Mihaljević Branka , Biczók László , Basarić Nikola
Published: September 2020

Substituents on phthalimide affect its photophysics and photochemical reactivity. Electron donors generally result in low quantum yields of intersystem crossing and reactivity from singlet excited states.
Rapid construction of cyclopenta[b]naphthalene frameworks from propargylic alcohol tethered methylenecyclopropanes
Authors: Wei Hao-Zhao , Li Quan-Zhe , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: September 2020

We have developed a novel synthetic methodology to rapidly construct cyclopenta[b]naphthalene frameworks from propargylic alcohol tethered methylenecyclopropanes and MsCl through cascade cyclization.
Recent advances and perspective on heterogeneous catalysis using metals and oxide nanocrystals
Authors: Xu Yong , Cao Muhan , Zhang Qiao
Published: September 2020

This review discusses recent advances on the synthesis, modification, and catalytic applications of metal and oxide nanocrystals.
Janus dendritic silica/carbon@Pt nanomotors with multiengines for H2O2, near-infrared light and lipase powered propulsion
Authors: Xing Yi , Du Xin , Xu Tailin , Zhang Xueji
Published: September 2020

Lipase-modified dendritic silica/carbon@Pt nanomotors are designed with three engines for hybrid propulsions of H2O2, near-infrared light, and lipase.
DNAzyme–gold nanoparticle-based probes for biosensing and bioimaging
Authors: Hu Ling , Fu Xiaoyi , Kong Gezhi , Yin Yao , Meng Hong-Min , Ke Guoliang , Zhang Xiao-Bing
Published: September 2020

The design and applications of DNAzyme–gold nanoparticle-based probes in biosensing and bioimaging are summarized here.
Glycol ether additives control the size of PbS nanocrystals at reaction completion
Authors: Green Philippe B. , Wang Zhibo , Sohn Philip , Imperiale Christian J. , Voznyy Oleksandr , Wilson Mark W. B.
Published: September 2020

In the colloidal synthesis of PbS quantum dots, added glycol ethers variably suppress the formation of metastable cluster intermediates. This achieves control of nanocrystal size in reactions run to completion.
Significant association between the endothelial lipase gene 584C/T polymorphism and coronary artery disease risk
Authors: Wu Yue-e , Ma Lan , Zhang Hao , Chen Xin-ran , Xu Xin-yi , Hu Ze-ping
Published: September 2020

Several studies have investigated a potential association between the endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) 584C/T polymorphism and susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD), but a uniform conclusion is yet to be reached. To better evaluate the true relationship between the LIPG 584C/T polymorphism and the risk of CAD, a meta-analysis of 14 case–control studies with 9731 subjects was performed. Relevant articles published through August 2020 were searched in the CNKI, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. Thirteen articles, including 14 eligible case–control studies with 4025 cases and 5706 controls, were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) scores of the case–control studies ranged from 6 to 8. The pooled results indicated that there is a significant association between the LIPG 584C/T polymorphism and CAD in the homozygote comparison model and the allelic comparison model. Subgroup analyses revealed that the LIPG 584C/T mutation significantly decreased the risk of CAD in the subgroups of African, CAD, hospital-based (HB), and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) populations in some genetic models. No publication bias was found in our meta-analysis, which certifies the robustness of the current meta-analysis. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) also confirmed the stability of our results. The results of our meta-analysis indicate that the LIPG 584C/T polymorphism plays a protective role in the incidence of CAD. More high-quality case–control studies on various ethnicities are needed to confirm our results.
Modeling protoplanetary disk SEDs with artificial neural networks
Authors: Ribas Á. , Espaillat C. C. , Macías E. , Sarro L. M.
Published: September 2020

We model the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 23 protoplanetary disks in the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region using detailed disk models and a Bayesian approach. This is made possible by combining these models with artificial neural networks to drastically speed up their performance. Such a setup allows us to confrontα-disk models with observations while accounting for several uncertainties and degeneracies. Our results yield high viscosities and accretion rates for many sources, which is not consistent with recent measurements of low turbulence levels in disks. This inconsistency could imply that viscosity is not the main mechanism for angular momentum transport in disks, and that alternatives such as disk winds play an important role in this process. We also find that our SED-derived disk masses are systematically higher than those obtained solely from (sub)mm fluxes, suggesting that part of the disk emission could still be optically thick at (sub)mm wavelengths. This effect is particularly relevant for disk population studies and alleviates previous observational tensions between the masses of protoplanetary disks and exoplanetary systems.
Nutzerseitige Adhärenz und Off-Label-Use der
HIV-Prä-Expositionsprophylaxe
Authors: Flössner Christian , Schleenvoigt Benjamin T. , Abendroth Jens , Frese Thomas
Published: September 2020

Einleitung Die HIV-PrEP (HIV-Prä-Expositionsprophylaxe) ist seit
2017 über deutsche Apotheken in unterschiedlichen Abpackungen
erhältlich. Sie ist entweder als tägliche Einnahme oder als
intermittierende, anlassbezogene Einnahme anwendbar.

Fragestellung Es sollten soziodemografische Basischarakteristika, die
Vorgeschichte hinsichtlich STIs (sexual transmitted infections), der
früheren PEP-Einnahme, das Schema der PrEP-Einnahme, die erfolgte
Vordiagnostik sowie die Beratung zur PrEP-Einnahme und Angaben zur Weitergabe
von PrEP erfasst werden.

Methodik Es wurde eine Querschnittsanalyse in Form eines revidierten,
selbstentwickelten Multiple-Choice-Fragebogens bei 515 Nutzern im Netzwerk
HIV-kompetenter Apotheken durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Die ausschließlich männlichen Teilnehmer
befinden sich zu 3/4 in der Altersgruppe 20–39 Jahre.
Über 80% der Nutzer wenden die PrEP gemäß
Zulassung an. Etwa 2/3 hatten in früheren Jahren eine PEP
(Post-Expositionsprophylaxe) erhalten. Die gleiche Anzahl hatte in
früheren Jahren mindestens eine STI. Die notwendige Vordiagnostik wurde
überwiegend durchgeführt. Die PrEP wird von 7% an andere
Anwender weitergegeben.

Schlussfolgerung Die Mehrheit (etwa 2/3) der PrEP Nutzer sind
Hochrisiko-Anwender bezogen auf vorherige STIs (sexual transmitted infections)
oder frühere PEP-Anwendung), der überwiegende Anteil nutzt die
PrEP zulassungsgemäß. Der Stellenwert der PrEP wird in der
Zukunft durch einfachere Verordnungsfähigkeit und breitere Anwendung
weiter wachsen.
High practice variation in risk stratification, baseline oncological staging, and follow-up strategies for T1 colorectal cancers in the Netherlands
Authors: Gijsbers Kim , de Graaf Wilmar , Moons Leon M.G. , ter Borg F. ,   (on behalf of the Dutch T1 CRC Working Group)
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Based on pathology, locally resected T1 colorectal cancer (T1-CRC) can be classified as having low- or high-risk for irradicality and/or lymph node metastasis, the latter requiring adjuvant surgery. Reporting and application of pathological high-risk criteria is likely variable, with inherited variation regarding baseline oncological staging, treatment and surveillance.

Methods We assessed practice variation using an online survey among gastroenterologists and surgeons participating in the Dutch T1-CRC Working Group.

Results Of the 130 invited physicians, 53 % participated. Regarding high-risk T1-CRC criteria, lymphangio-invasion is used by 100 %, positive or indeterminable margins by 93 %, poor differentiation by 90 %, tumor-free margin ≤ 1 mm by 78 %, tumor budding by 57 % and submucosal invasion > 1000 µm by 47 %. Fifty-two percent of the respondents do not perform baseline staging in locally resected low-risk T1-CRC. In case of unoperated high-risk patients, we recorded 61 different surveillance strategies in 63 participants, using 19 different combinations of diagnostic tests. Endoscopy is used in all schedules. Mean follow-up time is 36 months for endoscopy, 26 months for rectal MRI and 30 months for abdominal CT (all varying 3–60 months).

Conclusion We found variable use of pathological high-risk T1-CRC criteria, creating risk for misclassification as low-risk T1-CRC. This has serious implications, as most participants will not proceed to oncological staging in low-risk patients and adjuvant surgery nor radiological surveillance is considered. On the other hand, oncological surveillance in patients with a locally resected high-risk T1-CRC who do not wish adjuvant surgery is highly variable emphasizing the need for a uniform surveillance protocol.
Retrovesikales Rezidiv eines Nierenzellkarzinoms 14 Jahre nach laparoskopischer Nephrektomie. Ein Fallbericht
Authors: Drosos Konstantinos , Fischer Karsten , Rieck Guido , Kälble Tilmann
Published: September 2020

Metastasen oder Lokalrezidive eines Nierenzellkarzinoms treten in den meisten Fällen in den ersten fünf Jahren nach Tumornephrektomie oder Nierentumorresektion auf. Dennoch werden immer wieder Spätrezidive oder Metastasen beobachtet. Die häufigsten Lokalisationen sind Lungen und Knochen, aber auch außergewöhnliche Lokalisationen sind möglich. Wir präsentieren den Fall eines 70-jährigen Patienten, bei dem 14 Jahre nach rezidivfreiem Überleben ein solitäres Rezidiv eines klarzelligen Nierenzellkarzinoms retrovesikal diagnostiziert wurde. Bei dem Patienten wurde eine Zystoprostatektomie mit Anlage eines Ileumconduits durchgeführt. Die Resektion erfolgte in sano. Der Verlauf des Patienten bleibt abzuwarten. Wenngleich ein singuläres Spätrezidiv eines Nierenzellkarzinoms retrovesikal selten ist, so gehört das Spätrezidiv zu den spezifischen Charakteristika dieses Tumors. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist für mindestens 15 Jahre eine Tumornachsorge erforderlich. Die kurative chirurgische Resektion ist bei solchen singulären Spätrezidiven Therapie der Wahl.
European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association
Authors: Nipshagen Sabine
Published: September 2020

Die Kontakteinschränkungen führen zu einem vermehrten virtuellen Austausch. Ob Meetings, Fortbildungen, Tagungen, Sitzungen, Vorstellungsgespräche – der Kontakt findet im virtuellen Raum statt. So bietet die EDTNA/ERCA als Alternative für die Konferenz Webinare an und die Jahreshauptversammlung (AGM) findet online statt. Das Positionspapier zur Stellung der Fachpflegekraft Nephrologie in Europa ist auf unserer Website veröffentlicht.
Risk of appendicitis after endoscopic full-thickness resection of lesions involving the appendiceal orifice: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Schmidbaur Simone , Wannhoff Andreas , Walter Benjamin , Meier Benjamin , Schäfer Claus , Meining Alexander , Caca Karel
Published: September 2020

Background Conventional endoscopic resection of lesions affecting the appendiceal orifice is difficult. Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is a novel technique in interventional endoscopy. As EFTR near the appendiceal orifice is associated with a subtotal appendectomy, it remains unclear whether the risk of developing appendicitis is increased. We conducted a retrospective analysis of lesions involving the appendiceal orifice treated by EFTR.

Methods This was a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients (n = 50) treated with EFTR for lesions involving the appendiceal orifice between 2014 and 2019. The objective was to evaluate the occurrence of appendicitis.

Results Acute appendicitis occurred in seven patients (14 %) during follow-up. Conservative treatment was sufficient in four cases, and three patients underwent appendectomy.

Conclusions EFTR of lesions involving the appendiceal orifice may be associated with an imminent risk of developing appendicitis and a consecutive need for appendectomy. Patients should be informed about this specific risk prior to resection. It is unclear why some patients develop appendicitis while the majority remains asymptomatic.
1500 Euro Preisgeld
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: September 2020

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2021 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Possible Novel Treatment Modality for Non Ossifying Fibroma Neck of Femur
Authors: Parwaz Mohammed Alam , Chaudhary Tarun , Bansal Suraj
Published: September 2020

Nonossifying fibromas (NOFs) are benign bone tumors occurring in the second decade of life. Most of the NOFs are diagnosed incidentally on the basis of its presentation on plain radiographs where they typically appear as small, cortical osteolytic lesions with sclerotic margin. They are mostly asymptomatic but can result in pathologic fractures if the lesion involves more than 50% of bone diameter. They are mostly treated with curettage and bone grafting. But in challenging situations where the classical surgery has failed or there is impending fracture of the neck of femur, bone structural support is needed. We are discussing two cases diagnosed as NOFs of intracapsular femoral neck. Both cases underwent curettage of tumor followed by free vascularized fibular graft. Results in both the cases were very gratifying, with complete resolution of symptoms during 1 year of follow-up.
Umbilical Cord Milking in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Cord Milking with Immediate Cord Clamping
Authors: Josephsen Justin B. , Potter Shannon , Armbrecht Eric S. , Al-Hosni Mohamad
Published: September 2020

Objective This study aimed to assess potential benefits of umbilical cord milking (UCM) when compared with immediate cord clamping (ICC) in extremely preterm infants.

Study Design This is a single-center, randomized controlled trial of infants 240/7 to 276/7 weeks' gestation who received UCM versus ICC. In the experimental group, 18 cm of the umbilical cord was milked three times. The primary aim was to assess the initial hemoglobin and to assess the number of blood transfusions received in the first 28 days after birth. Secondary outcomes were also assessed, including intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). A priori, neurodevelopmental follow-up was planned at 15 to 18 months corrected gestational age (CGA).

Results Baseline characteristics for 56 enrolled infants were similar in both groups with a mean gestational age of 26.1 ± 1.2 weeks and a mean birth weight of 815 ± 204 g. There were no differences in the mean initial hemoglobin in the UCM group when compared with the ICC group, 13.7 ± 2.0 and 13.8 ± 2.6 g/dL, respectively (p = 0.95), with no differences in median number of blood transfusions after birth between the ICC group and the UCM group, 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1–4) versus 2.5 (IQR: 1–5) (p = 0.40). There was also no difference in the rate of severe IVH. At 15 to 18 months CGA, there were no differences in death or disability in the ICC group compared with the UCM group (26 vs. 22%; p = 1.0) and no differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Conclusion In a randomized trial of ICC versus UCM in extremely preterm infants, no differences were seen in initial hemoglobin or number of blood transfusions.

Key Points
The impact of online review helpfulness and word of mouth communication on box office performance predictions
Authors: Lee Sangjae , Choeh Joon Yeon
Published: September 2020

While electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) variables, such as volume and valence have been posited in previous studies to consistently affect product sales, there is a lack of studies on the different contexts and outcomes that affect the importance of eWOM variables. In order to fill this gap, this study attempts to use the helpfulness of reviews and reviewers as moderators to predict box office revenue, comparing the prediction performances of business intelligence (BI) methods (random forest, decision trees using boosting, the k-nearest neighbor method, discriminant analysis) using eWOM between high and low review or reviewer helpfulness subsample in the Korean movie market scrawled from the Naver Movies website. The results of applying machine learning methods show that movies with more helpful reviews or those that are reviewed by more helpful reviewers show greater prediction performance, and review and reviewer helpfulness improve the prediction power of eWOM for box office revenue. The prediction performance will improve if the characteristics of eWOM are likely to be combined to contribute to box office revenue to a greater extent.
Marine and coastal ecosystem-based adaptation in Asia and Oceania: review of approaches and integration with marine spatial planning
Authors: Giffin Alyssa L. , Brown Christopher J. , Nalau Johanna , Mackey Brendan G. , Connolly Rod M.
Published: September 2020

There is growing interest in using ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) to maintain or restore ecosystem services to increase human resilience to climate change. However, to date, the focus on EbA has been on conceptualising the approach and encouraging its use, rather than understanding EbA in practice. We review the EbA literature to synthesise where, why and how marine and coastal EbA projects have been implemented and examine how EbA has been integrated with marine spatial planning. We focus specifically on EbA projects in Asia and Oceania, where climate variability and dependence on marine and coastal ecosystems is high. Most projects were found in the grey literature, implemented in developing countries, and targeted extreme events and sea level rise. Mangroves, particularly mangrove restoration, was the most common ecosystem used, followed by coral reefs. EbA across ecosystems commonly targeted capacity building and livelihood enhancement, and maintenance of wildlife, alongside shoreline protection for mangroves and food security for coral reefs. Integrated EbA and marine spatial planning projects were participatory, implemented at local–regional scales, displayed adaptive management, and community-based or shared governance. Our research helps to build an understanding of EbA in practice and a knowledge base to assist coastal communities in adapting to climate change.
Dual scanning interferometric technique for measurements of the temperature and concentration dependence of the refractive index of liquids
Authors: Postnikov Alexander
Published: September 2020

A novel laser interferometric technique for measuring the variation of the refractive index with concentration and temperature is presented. The technique is based on the principle of ‘absolute scale’ accomplished with a Michelson interferometer. The linear motion of the scanning mirror allows simple extraction of the optical path change inside the Fabry–Perot interferometer. The measurement of the relative positions of the interference maxima reduces the sensitivity of the system to intensity noise and drift of the laser source. The sensitivity to the changes of the refractive index is of the order of 1 × 10−7 for a 20 mm optical path.