bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Coupled Isogeometric Analysis and Finite Element Approach for Accurate Response Prediction of a Complex Structure
Authors:   Global Engineering and Materials Inc., Fang Eugene ,   Carnegie Mellon University, Lai Yicong ,   Naval Air Warfare Center (PAX), Phan Nam , Lua Jim , Zhang Yongjie
Published: September 2024

A critical step in the isogeometric analysis (IGA) is to create a finite element model that employs the same spline functions used in the geometric model of CAD drawings. While advanced T-spline modeling techniques have been developed to enhance the modeling capability for a complex 3D geometry, it still cannot be generalized to an arbitrary complex geometry. Sometimes, it is not always feasible to convert a complex CAD model to pure volumetric NURBS/T-splines. Building an all-hex control mesh and preserving all detailed features can be extremely hard, especially for some sharp features. Given that the CAD tools currently lack the capability to create an analysis suitable T-spline model for a 3D geometry, a rational modeling approach based on the IGA enriched Bézier element for a commercial finite element software such as Abaqus is developed by combining IGA basis functions with traditional piecewise linear finite element basis functions. The essential feature of this hybrid approach includes the application of IGA elements for the surface layer of a complex geometry and the use of a conventional finite element mesh for its interior region. An incompatibility between the kinematic description of the surface layer and the interior regions is captured by using the IGA enriched Bézier elements. After the verification at element level, the applicability of the hybrid approach based on the IGA enriched Bézier element is demonstrated via the response prediction of a 3D mechanical component.
A Numerical Method to Calibrate and Forecast Technology Improvements for the UH-60 Helicopter using NDARC
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Bouchard Etienne , Schmit Matthew , Collins Kyle , Mavris Dimitri
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a numerical methodology to calibrate the performance of an existing vehicle in NASA Design and Analysis of RotorCraft (NDARC) and derive some vehicle upgrades. The UH-60A is used as the baseline vehicle and the infusion of the UH-60L and UH-60M technologies will be discussed. The calibration process includes various data found on the performance of the rotor from high-fidelity analysis and from the operator's manual.
Pilot Evaluation of a Real-Time Free Wake Model in a Navy Rotorcraft Fleet
Authors:   Continuum Dynamics Inc., Keller Jeffrey ,   NAVAIR, Hoffler Jacques , Wachspress Daniel
Published: September 2024

Accurate modeling of rotorcraft aerodynamics and induced flow fields in real-time is important for high fidelity simulation and training. The challenge is heightened for naval rotorcraft flight trainers that must accurately represent the complex aerodynamic interactions between the aircraft and disturbances from the shipboard environment. To address this challenge, a high-fidelity free-wake induced velocity software module that can model coupled rotor wake/ ship airwake interactions has been developed, integrated, validated, and evaluated through analysis and piloted simulations. Use of the free wake model also has allowed vibration cues to be generated that reflect the underlying operating state of the rotor system as opposed to a simulation effect. The free wake induced velocity model was incorporated into a naval rotorcraft fleet trainer and compared with the baseline model during a pilot evaluation session. This paper describes the execution and results of this pilot evaluation.
A Laboratory Method for Assessing Audibility and Localization of Rotorcraft Fly-In Noise
Authors:   NASA Langley Research Center, Rizzi Stephen ,   National Institute of Aerospace, Rafaelof Menachem , Christian Andrew
Published: September 2024

The low frequency content of rotorcraft noise allows it to be heard over great distances. This factor contributes to the disruption of natural quiet in national parks and wilderness areas, and can lead to annoyance in populated areas. Further, it can result in the sound being heard at greater distances compared to higher altitude fixed wing aircraft operations. Human response studies conducted in the field are challenging since test conditions are difficult to control. This paper presents a means of quantitatively determining the audibility and localization of rotorcraft fly-in noise, under a specified ambient noise condition, within a controlled laboratory environment. It is demonstrated using synthetic fly-in noise of a light utility helicopter. The method is shown to resolve differences in audibility distances due to different ground impedances, propagation modeling methods, and directivity angles. Further, it demonstrates the efficacy of an accelerated test method.
Atmospheric Absorption Model Effects on Civil Rotorcraft Noise Certification EPNL Values
Authors:   Bell Helicopter Textron, Goldman Benjamin
Published: September 2024

Different atmospheric absorption models are applied to noise certification measurements for the Bell Models 429 and 505. It is shown that the latest atmospheric absorption model proposed for use in rotorcraft noise certification, SAE ARP5534, yields EPNL levels up to 1.4 EPNdB higher than the current model, SAE ARP866A.
Parametric Investigation on the Use of Lateral and Longitudinal Rotor Trim Flapping for Tiltrotor Noise Reduction
Authors:   NASA Ames Research Center, Malpica Carlos
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an acoustics parametric study of the effect of varying lateral and longitudinal rotor trim flapping angles (tip-path-plane tilt) on noise radiated by an isolated 26-ft diameter proprotor, similar to that of the AW609 tiltrotor, in edgewise flight. Three tip-path-plane angle of attack operating conditions of -9, 0 and 6 deg, at 80 knots, were investigated. Results showed that: 1) minimum noise was attained for the tip-path-plane angle of attack value of -9 deg, and 2) changing the cyclic trim state (i.e., controls) altered the airloads and produced noticeable changes to the low-frequency (LF) and blade-vortex interaction (BVI) radiated-noise magnitude and directionality. In particular, by trimming the rotor to a positive (inboard) lateral flapping angle of 4 deg, further reductions up to 3 dB in the low-frequency noise sound pressure level were attained without significantly impacting the BVI noise for longitudinal tip-path-plane angles of -9 and 6 deg.
Runway Independent High Speed CarterCopter BizJet
Authors:   Carter Aviation Technologies LLC, Jr. Jay , Lewis Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Carter Aviation Technologies, LLC has spent over 20 years developing aircraft concepts utilizing its Slowed Rotor/Compound (SR/C™) technology, a technology that offers VTOL capability with fixed-wing cruise performance in a much simpler and less expensive method than other high speed VTOL approaches, with a rotor always in autorotation in case of emergency. Key to this technology is a rotor and related control system that can be dramatically slowed in flight while remaining stable. Multiple manned demonstrators have demonstrated the feasibility of the technology, as well as provided solid experimental flight test data on performance potential. Carter is now utilizing this technology for a new aircraft concept, the CarterCopter BizJet, to provide runway independent operation with business jet cruise performance, carrying up to nine people at top speeds exceeding 500 mph (435+ ktas or 805+ km/hr). This paper will focus on this new platform, its features, and capabilities.
Vortex Particle Analysis of Side-by-side Overlapping Rotors in Forward Flight
Authors:   US Army, Avera Michael
Published: September 2024

A Vortex Particle method was implemented to examine the wake structure and rotor performance of a pair of fixed pitch variable RPM side-by-side overlapping rotors in hover and forward flight conditions up to 50 kts. The side-by-side configuration is geometrically differentiated from traditional tandem rotors by the freestream wind direction. Due to the mutual rotor aerodynamic interaction, a momentum theory or blade element method would not accurately capture the rotor performance and therefore an unsteady wake method is necessary, however, the results shown here can inform these lower fidelity methods used for simpler sizing or performance analyses. The analysis varied the rotor shaft lateral separation distance, vertical shaft separation distance, twist and taper profile, rotor speed, and forward airspeed. Decreasing the lateral distance between the two rotors increases the induced velocity in localized regions on the blades of the lower rotor, reducing angle of attack and introducing an N/rev component to the instantaneous rotor thrust. Increasing the rotor overlap reduced mean rotor thrust by a maximum of 4.2% at 50 kts forward airspeed. Decreasing the vertical rotor separation caused a similar trend with higher induced velocity at the lower rotor plane. Similar trends occurred for both propeller-like and rectangular blades.
The four Cs of physician leadership: A key to academic physician success
Authors: Collins II R. Thomas , Purkey Neha J. , Singh Meenu , DeSantis Alan D. , Sanford Rania A.
Published: September 2024

Leadership is increasingly recognized as important in medicine. Physician leadership impacts healthcare delivery and quality. Little work has been done to determine how physician leadership in practice aligns with established models in leadership theory. We conducted 40 semi-structured, 50-minute interviews of physicians who had achieved the rank of professor in our school of medicine and were serving, or had served, in leadership positions. We used an inductive content analysis approach to identify content categories, with leadership emerging as one such category. Subsequently, for the present study, we performed a secondary analysis of the data. To do this, we reviewed all transcripts, seeking to identify if and how participants discussed leadership in relation to success in academic medicine. Following identification of subcategories related to leadership, we performed qualitative content analysis. We then used a deductive content analysis approach to determine how participants’ discussions of leadership aligned with major leadership theories. Then, the principal investigator conducted a secondary inductive content analysis revealing leadership themes that were synthesized into a new model of physician leadership. Twenty-nine participants spontaneously discussed leadership and leadership-related topics as important to their own academic success and comprised the present study cohort. Participants identified contributors to leadership success that aligned with multiple major leadership theories, including leadership traits, skills, behaviors styles, and situational leadership. None of the leadership theories aligned completely with our physician leaders’ discussions, suggesting an alternate leadership framework was operating. Further analysis revealed a new model of leadership comprised of the “Four Cs of Physician Leadership”: character, competence, caring, and communication. Our participant group of academic physicians identified leadership capabilities as being important in their academic success. While they discussed leadership in ways that fit to varying degrees with the major leadership theories, their discussions revealed a novel, more holistic leadership framework. Further work will be beneficial to determine if this model of leadership is specific to physicians or is more generalizable.
Examining the application of SOC-29 and MLQ in the South African Banking Industry
Authors: Harry Nisha , Sing Keshia
Published: September 2024

Orientation: This study examines the application of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Sense of Coherence-29 (SOC-29) within the South African banking industry. It evaluates the appropriateness, efficacy and potential impact of these instruments and offers insights for enhancing employee resilience, improving organisational adaptability and advancing leadership practices in the sector.Research purpose: This study aims to address whether the SOC-29 and MLQ maintain their factor structures and psychometric properties when applied to banking employees.Motivation for the study: There has been limited research on the underlying constructs and measurements of the SOC-29 and MLQ. This evaluation’s findings will help enhance the accuracy and utility of both instruments.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative, positivistic, cross-sectional research design was employed to collect primary data from 150 employees working in South African banks.Main findings: The exploratory factor analysis identified a three-factor structure: F1 – Comprehensibility, F2 – Manageability and F3 – Meaningfulness, all showing improved goodness-of-fit indices. Manageability emerged as the most representative factor, while comprehensibility was the least representative.Practical/managerial implications: Understanding the applicability of the SOC-29 and the MLQ in a banking setting is crucial for HR professionals, organisational psychologists and management teams who seek to leverage these tools for employee assessment, development and organisational improvement.Contribution/value-add: Banks’ critical role in the economy, competitive nature and unique challenges make the study’s outcomes essential for empowering banking organisations to adopt a more scientific approach to employee assessment and development, leading to a well-supported workforce.
A simple transconjunctival technique for the management of intraconal orbital hydatid cyst
Authors: Awad Ahmad A , Mohammad Abd El-Nasser A
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To present a simple transconjunctival technique for the excision of intraconal orbital hydatid cysts.

Methods:

This retrospective, non-comparative, clinical intervention case study was conducted between April 2018 and October 2023. The study included five patients presented to the Orbital unit of Assiut University Hospital with an intraconal orbital cyst, which histologically proved to be a hydatid cyst. In all cases, a conjunctival incision near the fornix was made depending on the cyst location as revealed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A traction suture was applied to the two relevant recti muscles to guide the globe toward the desired direction. Blunt orbital dissection was made toward the cyst until exposing its anterior surface. A 20-gauge needle was introduced into the cyst and followed by aspiration of its content. The collapsed cyst was then removed by non-toothed forceps and followed by copious irrigation of the field. The follow-up period ranged from 11 to 58 months.

Results:

The age of patients ranged from 11 to 44 years. Three were males and two were females. The cyst was iso-dense to the vitreous on CT and iso-intense to the vitreous on MRI. In all cases after aspiration of the content, the collapsed cyst was easily removed. None of the five patients developed recurrence during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

The removal of the collapsed orbital hydatid cyst in the intraconal space after the aspiration of its content via transconjunctival anterior orbitotomy is a simple, fast technique with early recovery and maximum cosmesis.
Comparison of ropivacaine with ropivacaine–dexamethasone combination for postoperative analgesia in the pectoral nerve block for modified radical mastectomy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mathur Veena , Kumari Brijesh , Verma Anand Kumar , Khare Arvind , Garg Deepak Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

The pectoral nerve block types I and II are novel techniques to provide analgesia for modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgeries performed under general anesthesia. The primary objective of this study was to compare the duration of effective analgesia, and the secondary objectives were to evaluate the total amount of rescue analgesics in 24 h, hemodynamic changes, and postoperative adverse effects.

Methods:

This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted on a total of 80 women with breast cancer belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologist class I and II scheduled for MRM, which were randomly allocated into two groups – Group R (n = 40) received 0.25% ropivacaine 29 ml + NS 1 ml and Group RD (n = 40) received 0.25% ropivacaine 29 ml + dexamethasone (4 mg) 1 ml. Ten milliliters of the study drug was used in Pecs I and the rest 20 ml in Pecs II block posttumor resection.

Results:

The duration of analgesia was statistically significantly longer in RD (778.75 ± 55.12 min) compared to Group R (412.63 ± 21.69 min) (P < 0.05). Pain scores were significantly less in Group RD. The mean dose of acetaminophen required was significantly less in Group RD (2362.50 ± 375.32 mg) than in Group R (3525.00 ± 298.50 mg) (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups.

Conclusion:

The addition of dexamethasone with ropivacaine in the Pecs block can be used for prolonging the effective duration of analgesia and decreasing postoperative analgesic consumption with comparable hemodynamic and side effect profiles.
Machine Learning Based Design of Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Hydrogen-Fueled Hybrid Vehicle Powertrain
Authors: Cervone Davide , Sicilia Massimo , Pandolfi Alfonso , Polverino Pierpaolo , Sementa Paolo , Arsie Ivan , Pianese Cesare
Published: September 2024

The topic of decarbonisation involves improvements of hybrid vehicles powertrains design, from fuel type, powertrain components sizing and configuration up to control strategies. To reduce the emission of pollutants due to the combustion of traditional fuels, manufacturers are moving towards the use of “green fuels”, such as green hydrogen. In this context, the series hybrid vehicles demonstrate excellent potential: they can be equipped with hydrogen-fuelled combustion engines as range extenders, which can operate at optimal conditions without suffering from extreme transient manoeuvres. A suitable design of the control strategy of vehicle powertrain is mandatory to optimally manage the power split between range extender and battery, considering features and operating limits of both components according to power constraints.

This paper proposes an Energy Management Strategy (EMS), derived from an optimal approach suitable for online applications, which accounts for the key points mentioned above. The analyses are carried out on a L6e class quadricycle vehicle, whose powertrain is powered by a battery and a hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine as range extender. The internal combustion engine considered for this work features hydrogen lean charge operations, which may not guarantee the requested torque response under fast transients.

For the purpose of the study a modelling framework has been exploited to represent the main powertrain components. The proposed optimal EMS algorithm is based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) method whose results are applied in simulated environment based on a vehicle dynamics model and designed following a backward approach. The simulation results are then exploited to design a Neural Network (NN) based EMS, suitable for onboard control applications. The NN training is accomplished by using the PMP-based EMS results, which provide information linking the control variable to the battery State-of-Charge (SOC) and road load.
EMS Optimization of a Series-Hybrid Urban Bus with Hydrogen-Fueled Engine Accounting for NOx Emissions and Eco-Driving
Authors: Nacci Gianluca , Cervone Davide , Frasci Emmanuele , LAKSHMANAN Vinith Kumar , Sciarretta Antonio , Arsie Ivan
Published: September 2024

The need to reduce vehicle-related emissions in the great cities has led to a progressive electrification of urban mobility. For this reason, during the last decades, the powertrain adopted for urban buses has been gradually converted from conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), diesel, or Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), to hybrid or pure electric. However, the complete electrification of Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDVs) in the next years looks to be still challenging therefore, a more viable solution to decarbonize urban transport is the hybrid powertrain. In this context, the paper aims to assess, through numerical simulations, the benefits of a series hybrid-electric powertrain designed for an urban bus, in terms of energy consumption, and pollutants emissions. Particularly a Diesel engine, fueled with pure hydrogen, is considered as a range extender. The work is specifically focused on the design of the Energy Management Strategy (EMS) of the series-hybrid powertrain, by comparing the results achieved by different empirical or optimized approaches, namely Rule-Based (RB), Dynamic Programming (DP), and Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP). The simulation analyses have been carried out by a comprehensive model of the hybrid bus, that specifically accounts for performance, efficiency, and tailpipe NOx emissions of the H2 engine in a wide operating range. To this end, a model of the Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) system for NOx abatement, accounting for the exhaust thermal dynamics, is considered. This task is fundamental in the case of a series hybrid-electric powertrains that, depending on the EMS, may operate with long engine stops that negatively impact on SCR efficiency. The simulation analyses have been performed by considering three reference driving cycles for urban buses. In a further step, an Eco-driving (ED) algorithm was developed to optimize speed profiles, considering actual driving routes. Onboard cameras and GPS tracking devices were used to simulate Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) data and to replicate real-world driving conditions. The full potential of Eco-driving is realized by treating the problem as a mathematical optimal control problem, with its solution derived through the application of Pontryagin's minimum principle.
Active Cooling for the Thermal-Management of Batteries by Means of Pulsating Channel Flows
Authors: Andriano Gaétan , PASSAGGIA Pierre-Yves , Caillol Christian , Higelin Pascal , Harambat Fabien , Houille Sebastien
Published: September 2024

The ability of a pulsating flow to improve heat-exchange performances in active liquid cooling systems for batteries in electric vehicles is investigated using a numerical approach. Computations are performed using operating conditions and thermo-physical parameters of the indirect liquid cooling method in which the heat is transferred from the battery to a fluid flowing inside a metal plate equipped with internal flow channels. Improvement of the heat transfer with a pulsating flow corresponds to periodic unstable phase during the pulsation period and appear at specific moments of the period according to three main parameters: velocity, frequency, and pulsation amplitude. These unstable dynamics lead to vortices spanning the entire channel and thereby improves convective heat exchanges throughout the entire cooling system, and this without modifying the existing design. The pulsation enables to activate unstable resonant frequencies, which are identified as the driver for the heat-transfer improvement. Depending on the pulsation parameters, the numerical computations allows for identifying regimes where the mean heat transfer at the internal-channel wall is enhanced by at least a factor eight. In particular, we demonstrate a successful application using a direct-numerical simulation of the full-scale problem in two-dimensions and a large-eddy simulations in three-dimensions. Cooling efficiency enhancement with this pulsating liquid cooling concept could enable either downsizing the battery thermal management system for electric vehicles or target ultra-fast charge constraints.
Numerical Study of Catalytic Methanation Reactions Using a Kinetic Model
Authors: Mauss Fabian
Published: September 2024

Even if huge efforts are made to push alternative mobility concepts, such as, electric cars (BEV) and fuel cell powered cars, the importance and use of liquid fuels is anticipated to stay high during the 2030s. The biomethane and synthetic natural gas (SNG) might play a major role in this context as they are raw material for chemical industry, easy to be stored via existing infrastructure, easy to distribute via existing infrastructure, and versatile energy carrier for power generation and mobile applications. Hence, biomethane and synthetic natural gas might play a major role as they are suitable for power generation as well as for mobile applications and can replace natural gas without any infrastructure changes. In this paper, we aim to understand the direct production of synthetic natural gas from CO2 and H2 in a Sabatier process based on a thermodynamic analysis as well as a multi-step kinetic approach. For this purpose, we thoroughly discuss CO2 methanation to control emission in order to maximize the methane formation and minimize the CO formation and to understand the complex methanation process. We have considered an equilibrium and kinetic modelling study on the NiO-SiO2 catalyst for methanation focusing on CO2 derived SNG. In this work, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of CO2 hydrogenation is preformed to define the optimum process parameters followed by the kinetic simulations. Further, the simulations can be performed at various conditions, for example, catalyst mass, mass flow, pressure, temperature etc. to optimize the methanation process.
Sleek dual Extended Kalman Filter for Battery State of Charge and State of Health Estimation in Electric Vehicle Applications
Authors: Acquarone Matteo , Miretti Federico , Misul Daniela , Onori Simona
Published: September 2024

Accurate battery state estimation is crucial for the performance, safety, and durability of electric vehicle (EV) battery management systems (BMS). The model-based dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) has been widely used for concurrent state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation. However, tuning the process and measurement covariance matrices of the DEKF is challenging and typically done through a trial and error process. In this work, a sleek version of the standard DEKF is formulated relying on a second-order equivalent circuit battery model (ECM) to estimate the SOC and SOH of EV batteries. The proposed sleek DEKF estimates the capacity fading of the battery. The main advantage of the proposed formulation is the significant reduction in tuning effort. On the other hand, to account for the non-negligible resistance increase over battery lifespan, the ohmic resistance is here formulated as a function of the state of charge and available capacity. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated over laboratory data reproducing real-world driving scenarios. The results show that the proposed DEKF obtains high accuracy, comparable to the standard DEKF.
Load-Exchange Optimization for a Passive Pre-Chamber Ignition System
Authors: Fellner Felix , Fitz Patrick , Härtl Martin , Jaensch Malte
Published: September 2024

Increasing ignition energy by replacing standard spark igniters with pre-chambers is an established combustion accelerator. With rapid combustion on the one hand, mixture dilution can be extended while maintaining the combustion stability at adequate levels. On the other hand, accelerated combustion reduces the need for knock-induced spark retarding, thus facilitating emission reduction and increases in efficiency simultaneously. A newly developed pre-chamber ignition system is introduced in this work. The influence of the system on combustion is investigated in a single-cylinder research engine. The findings can support the development of future ignition technology for passenger-vehicle-sized engines.

There are two basic configurations of pre-chamber igniters: the first is known as passive pre-chamber, the second as scavenged pre-chamber. The first configuration can be realized as a simple replacement for standard spark plugs. While additional costs are minimized, the air-fuel ratio inside the pre-chamber cannot be influenced independently of the main chamber. Consequently, the major challenge for passive pre-chamber igniters is operating in engine map areas suffering from deteriorated pre-chamber load exchange at low engine load, for example. The second configuration allows precise air-fuel ratio control inside the pre-chamber to circumvent those issues by employing a dedicated pre-chamber injector. However, the overall system cost and complexity increase drastically.

Solving these issues is decisive for potential series applications. Geometrical design and adapted valve timing are considered remedies in this publication. As preparation for experimental investigations at a single-cylinder testbench, 3D-CFD simulations were employed to determine promising pre-chamber geometries in the first place. Different pre-chamber geometries have subsequently been investigated with an engine testbench to validate the findings from the simulations. Analysis of the pressure traces in the main and pre-chamber provide insight into the quality of pre-chamber load exchange and combustion initiation. Adaptive valve actuation strategies supported the pre-chamber load exchange, consequently leading to optimized engine behavior.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Dual Fuel Hydrogen/Diesel Combustion at Varying Engine Speed on a Single Cylinder Engine
Authors: Maroteaux Fadila , SEBAI Salim , Mancaruso Ezio , Rossetti Salvatore , Schembri Patrick , Radja Katia , Barichella Arnault
Published: September 2024

In this study, dual fuel combustion process has been investigated numerically and experimentally in a single cylinder research engine. Two engine speeds have been investigated (1500 and 2000 rpm) at fixed BMEP of 5 bar for both engine speeds. For each engine speed two operating points have tested with and without EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). The hydrogen has been injected in the intake manifold in front of the tumble intake port inlet and a small amount of diesel fuel has been introduced directly in the cylinder through two injections strategy: one pilot injection occurring Before Top Dead Center (BTDC) and one main occurring around the Top Dead Center (TDC). The dual-fuel combustion model in GT-SUITE has been used first to calibrate the combustion model by using the Three Pressure Analysis (TPA) model. This step allows the calibration of the combustion model to predict in-cylinder combustion processes. Simulations have been performed at varying mass distribution of injected diesel fuel during pilot and main injections at fixed start of pilot injection (SOIp).

For both engine speeds it was found that the model predicts well the in-cylinder pressure traces, the ignition delays, the heat release rates and NOx emissions. The simulated results at varying mass distribution of injected diesel fuel between the pilot injection and the main injection, have shown that the distribution has no effect on the ignition delay times. This distribution mainly controls the combustion duration and NOx emissions. Indeed, when the amount of diesel pilot injection is increased the NOx emissions are increased by around two for all engine operations. As expected, when a small amount of EGR is used the NOx emissions are lower compared to the operations without EGR. This first step of parametric analysis of DF combustion shows that further investigations are required into the dual-fuel (H2 /diesel) combustion to optimize engine performances and emissions.
Core, Honeycomb, Aluminum Alloy, Corrosion Inhibited, For Sandwich Construction, 5056, 350 Fahrenheit (177 Celsius)
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: September 2024

This specification covers bonded honeycomb core made of aluminum alloy and supplied in the form of blocks, slices, or other configurations as ordered (see 8.5).
Problem Solving Requirements for Suppliers
Authors:   G-22 Aerospace Engine Supplier Quality (AESQ) Committee
Published: September 2024

The supplier shall use the following process to respond to a customer request for corrective and preventive action.
Resistencia Kayambi. Memoria colectiva, praxis y organización comunitaria. Experiencias desde la Comunidad Pucara de Pesillo
Authors: Andrade Salazar Andrés , Grijalva Luisa María
Published: September 2024

El artículo proporciona una recapitulación de las experiencias investigativas de los autores, enmarcadas en la psicología comunitaria e intercultural, en torno a la sabiduría del Pueblo Ancestral Kayambi, específicamente en el territorio de la comunidad Pucara de Pesillo, en la provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar como la resistencia Kayambi, está presente en la memoria colectiva, la praxis y la organización comunitaria de Pesillo. Para lo cual se realizó un análisis bibliográfico como enfoque metodológico, centrado en la resistencia, re-existencia y lucha de la comunidad indígena a lo largo de la historia. Los resultados obtenidos de estas experiencias, sustentados en el paradigma de la psicología comunitaria y la psicología crítica, entendiendo a la praxis, como la puesta en práctica de ideas y teorías para abordar problemáticas y necesidades. Desde el contexto comunitario de Pesillo, la praxis implica la materialización de relaciones entre individuos, territorio, conocimiento y entorno. Destacando la  dimensión de transformación de la realidad y construcción de saberes de lucha. Concluyendo que, la organización indígena del pueblo Kayambi, se basa en la participación comunitaria. en la toma de decisiones, la responsabilidad recíproca y el fortalecimiento de la territorialidad, interculturalidad y sostenibilidad. Es por esto que, desde esta investigación, se considera a la organización comunitaria como una estructura social alternativa al poder constituido.
Narrativas feministas y prácticas de salud desde la interdependencia. Construcción de dispositivos comunicacionales desde el sur global
Authors: Cabral Ximena Irene , Huerta Guadalupe , Mariel Acosta Eugenia
Published: September 2024

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha comenzado a promover estrategias vinculadas al concepto de “una sola salud”, donde la salud humana y la animal se entienden como interdependientes e intrínsecamente ligadas a la salud de los ecosistemas en los que se desenvuelven. Bajo esta perspectiva, se están generando lecturas y propuestas desde comunidades situadas y multiespecie, con el objetivo de promover conceptos de salud más inclusivos y respetuosos con otras formas de vida. De igual manera, se busca abordar la necesidad de desmontar y crear, al mismo tiempo, nuevas perspectivas de abordaje para reflexionar sobre las prácticas existentes y construir otros contenidos comunicacionales. En este artículo nos proponemos repensar las posibilidades de articular una comunicación sensible a las tramas de interdependencia y a las propias biografías situadas de mujeres en un contexto de avance del extractivismo sobre los territorios, en diálogo con los saberes vinculados con la medicina tradicional, la etnomedicina dentro de la salud colectiva y la perspectiva de “una salud”.Dado que la comunicación se considera una práctica social y espacio de constitución y disputa de sentidos, nos planteamos la posibilidad de explorar cómo se pueden construir piezas comunicacionales desde narrativas que visibilicen las subjetividades y corporalidades, así como los contextos y saberes relacionados al cuidado de la salud en áreas rurales y sus modos de habitar que allí se desarrollan.
Socio antropología de la salud. Ideas para el debate
Authors: López Angela , González María Cristina
Published: September 2024

La cultura es aprendida, dejando bien claro que los comportamientos humanos no pueden ser comprendidos ni explicados desde la biología exclusivamente. La antropología de la salud se convierte en la ciencia de la alteridad. Alteridad entendida como condición de ser del otro, de los demás. Se convierte en un recurso ideal para conocer las diferencias, comprenderlas y aprovecharlas como una herramienta más para el desarrollo de los pueblos. La antropología armonizada con la sociología estudia y analiza al ser humano, su cultura y la interacción con otros, es decir, busca entender al ser humano como organismos que se adaptan a sus ambientes a través de una compleja interacción entre biología, sociedad y medio ambiente. La antropología de la salud, adquiere entonces un carácter holístico que permite estudiar la experiencia humana individual y en colectivo, desde una perspectiva histórica y geográfica
Presentación de Dossier. Tendencias, desafíos y perspectivas para la construcción y defensa del derecho a la salud en los sistemas de salud en América Latina
Authors: Villasana López Pedro Enrique , Gomez-Arias Ruben Darío
Published: September 2024

Presentación de Dossier. Tendencias, desafíos y perspectivas para la construcción y defensa del derecho a la salud en los sistemas de salud en América Latina
Review ―The Digital Revolution for the Security of Hiding Information inside the Quick Response Code‖
Authors: Younis Afraa Zidane , Nori Ahmed Sami
Published: September 2024

The Digital Revolution has significantly transformed secure and transmitted information, with QR codes emerging as a powerful tool in this landscape. QR codes that stands for Quick Response codes are 2D barcodes that can contain a vast amount of information; they have great opportunities to encrypt information, so they provide reliable solutions in terms of data hiding and data transfer. The described confrontation of the Digital Revolution insists on enhancing and changing ways to ensure information security, and the application of QR codes is a good example of how technological advancements can offer efficient ideas for concealing and protecting information. As encryption and QR code technology evolve, their role in securing data will undoubtedly expand, offering new levels of security in our increasingly digital world.
Drug Abuse and Socio-Economic Wellbeing of Youth in Moyo District, Uganda
Authors: Johnson Adrawa , Matthew Musoke , Shallon Musiime
Published: September 2024

This study explores the relationship between drug abuse and the socio-economic well-being of youths in Moyo District, with a specific focus on recreational, prescription, and performance-enhancing drug abuse. Using a descriptive study design, the research employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches to examine these relationships. A sample of 330 youths was randomly selected from various trading centers within Moyo Subcounty, based on a study population of 2,342 youths as reported by UBOS (2020). Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and validity and reliability were ensured through expert judgment and pre-testing, with a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.85 and a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.88, respectively. The analysis revealed moderate negative correlations between recreational drug abuse (Pearson r = -0.421) and prescription drug abuse (Pearson r = -0.382) with socioeconomic well-being, indicating that higher levels of drug abuse are associated with lower socio-economic conditions. A weaker but still significant negative correlation was observed between performance-enhancing drug abuse (Pearson r = -0.229) and socio-economic well-being. These findings suggest that drug abuse negatively impacts socioeconomic well-being through factors such as reduced educational attainment, job performance, and financial instability. Based on these findings, the study recommends the implementation of educational programs, life skills training, expanded access to counseling and mental health services, development of targeted rehabilitation programs, improved healthcare access, and integration of drug abuse education into broader health programs. These measures aim to mitigate the negative effects of drug abuse and enhance the overall socio-economic well-being of youths in Moyo District.
Comparison between junior and recreational based on internal and external load response in soccer
Authors: Putro Andika , Firmansyah Awang , Apriantono Tommy , Fahmi Hasan Muhamad , Cholik Mutohir Toho , Arif Al Ardha Muchamad , Widodo Achmad , Maulana Rizky
Published: September 2024

The characteristics of soccer games tend to be at medium and high intensity. Measurement of heart rate response and activity profile can be used to assess the physical condition performance of players in planning the right program. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences between heart rate response and activity profile in junior and recreational soccer players. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. 24 male soccer players (12 junior Aged 11.58 ± 0.28 Years, 142.25 ± 8.74 cm, 34.5 ± 6.42 kg) and (12 recreational Aged 32.7 ± 1.38 Years, 170.67 ± 3.92 cm, 73.42 ± 5.33 kg) underwent simulation game sessions of 15 minutes each recorded using Polar Verity Sense and Catapult One to capture internal and external load data. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test to determine the difference between the heart rate of junior and recreational players. The results showed that there was a significant difference between HRavg in junior players (166.1 ± 17.2) and recreation (155.3 ± 10.5) as well as HRmax in junior players (193.1 ± 12.3) and recreation (176.0 ± 10.0) (p < 0.05). In addition, in the variable top speed (6.20 ± 0.68) and also maximal acceleration (4.52 ± 0.39) there is a significant difference (p < 0.05). This study concludes that there is a significant difference in heart rate response, but in the activity profile only the top speed and maximal acceleration variables between soccer players.
Keywords: heart rate response, activity profile, junior and recreational soccer players
VBSPT Application of basketball measurement for adolescent
Authors: Fauzi Fauzi , Siswantoyo Siswantoyo , Salafi Muhammad Irvan Eva , Wicaksono Danang
Published: September 2024

Van Basketball Skill and Performance Test (VBSPT) is designed to assist basketball athletes and basketball coaches in assessing their performance based on the test results and adhering to the training guidelines derived from the application's recommendations. The development goal of the VBSPT is to directly view their performance statistics based on the test results, which will benefit not only basketball coaches but also physical education teachers. These apps are designed to operate on smartphones and tablets; the adaptive applied software undergoes continuous enhancements and serves as the central component of the computer. The two elements (15 items) of the web-based application of the van basketball skill and performance test (VBSPT) were evaluated by a group of 10 experts. The study involved the participation of five experts in information technology and five basketball coach experts. The Delphi approach and test-retest methods were employed for data collection, while Aiken's formula, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Cronbach's alpha were utilized for data analysis. The expert assessment technique indicates that the content validity of the aspect is good, as evidenced by the results with a value of 0.80. The reliability of each feature of the basketball skill and performance test instrument was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, yielding a coefficient of 0.723. The ICC score agreement between raters is 0.723, with a consistency of 0.148 for one rater. Based on the results, the reliability and usability standards were met. VBSPT is a valuable tool for checking a web-based application's technical quality and usability.
Key words: web-based, application, basketball, adolescent
Development of basic futsal skills test instruments
Authors: Kustiawan Andri Arif , Furqon Hidayatullah Mohammad , Purnama Sapta Kunta , Umar Fadilah , Warih Adi Pomo , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat , Fitria Yulianto Pipit , Yogaswara Andre , Nugroho Agung , Larasati Mirna
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study in general is to reveal the level of validity and reliability of the basic futsal skills test for U-23 futsal players. In particular, this study aims to reveal the level of validity and reliability of the futsal skills test for futsal players U-23 PORPROV Central Java. In the research that the authors did, researchers used research and development methods to produce certain products, and tested the effectiveness of these products to achieve goals (validation function). The sample was taken by purposive sampling because there were several criteria that were determined, namely, players in the U-23 category in each district throughout Central Java. The research results show a fairly high level of validity and reliability. It is necessary to revise the instrument to produce a better test in terms of reliability and validity in the development of an instrument model for testing the basic techniques of U-23 futsal.
Keywords: Development, Instruments, Futsal.
Effectiveness of a training program for caregivers of institutionalized older people on sedentary behavior, physical activity, and functionality of residents
Authors: Vinharski Scheidt Isabela , Barauce Bento Paulo Cesar
Published: September 2024

Training caregivers of institutionalized older adults about an expanded care approach seems to be a way to maintain the resident's capabilities from the long-term care perspective. Objective: to analyze the effectiveness of training for caregivers of institutionalized older adults on sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA) levels, and functionality of residents. Methods: Instructional training (four weeks) followed by the caregiver goal application period (12 weeks). Primary outcomes: Sedentary behavior (accelerometry) and functional mobility (Timed Up and Go). Secondary: physical function (SPPB), the performance of activities of daily living (Barthel Index), physical activity (accelerometer), handgrip strength, and anthropometric measurements. All analyses were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and the Bonferroni post-hoc test were applied for comparison between time points (pre and post-intervention) and groups (p<0.05). Results: 49 older adults participated in the study, 25 of which comprised the intervention group (IG) and 24 the control group (CG). There was a group and time interaction effect, and the IG showed a reduction in SB (p=.017), increased light PA (p=.006), and total PA (p=.018). There were no changes in moderate PA and functionality. Although not statistically significant, the Barthel Index increased by 6.8 points in the IG, a clinically meaningful difference. Conclusion: The caregiver training strategy can be important in reducing SB and promoting participation in PA, which is relevant, considering the profile of the institutionalized older adult population.
Keywords: Sedentary Behavior; Physical Functional Performance; Older Adults; Caregivers; Nursing home.