bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prior Knowledge of the Grading Criteria Increases Functional Movement Screen Scores in Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Bryson Anthony , Arthur Rosemary , Easton Chris
Published: July 2018

Bryson, A, Arthur, R, and Easton, C. Prior knowledge of the grading criteria increases Functional Movement Screen scores in youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 762–768, 2021—We sought to determine whether familiarity with the grading criteria of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) impacted the outcome score in elite youth soccer players. Thirty-two trained male youth soccer players (aged 17 ± 1 years) participated in a randomized control trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to evenly sized control and experimental groups, who each completed the FMS on 2 separate occasions. Subjects in the experimental group were provided the FMS grading criteria between their first and second screens. Time-synchronized video footage was used to grade the FMS using standardized criteria. Structured interviews were then conducted with selected subjects (n = 4) in the experimental group to establish athletes' perception of the FMS. The experimental group had a large increase in overall FMS score from the first to the second screen in comparison with the control group (Δ2.0 ± 1.0, p < 0.001, d = 1.3). Scores for the deep squat, hurdle step, and rotary stability tests components of the FMS all increased in the experimental group in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Thematic analysis of the interview data suggested that the subjects in the experimental group improved their understanding between good and poor technique during the FMS. These findings support the notion that FMS scores are influenced by awareness of the grading criteria. As a consequence, the FMS may not be suitable for objectively predicting injury in youth soccer players.
Effects of Endurance Exercise Bouts in Hypoxia, Hyperoxia, and Normoxia on mTOR-Related Protein Signaling in Human Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Przyklenk Axel , Aussieker Thorben , Gutmann Boris , Schiffer Thorsten , Brinkmann Christian , Strüder Heiko K. , Bloch Wilhelm , Mierau Andreas , Gehlert Sebastian
Published: July 2018

Przyklenk, A, Aussieker, T, Gutmann, B, Schiffer, T, Brinkmann, C, Strüder, HK, Bloch, W, Mierau, A, and Gehlert, S. Effects of endurance exercise bouts in hypoxia, hyperoxia, and normoxia on mTOR-related protein signaling in human skeletal muscle. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2276–2284, 2020—This study investigated the effects of short-term hypoxia (HY), hyperoxia (PER), and normoxia on anabolic signaling proteins in response to an acute bout of moderate endurance exercise (EEX) before and after an endurance exercise training intervention. Eleven healthy male subjects conducted one-legged cycling endurance exercise (3 × 30 min·wk−1 for 4 weeks). One leg was trained under hypoxic (12% O2) or hyperoxic conditions (in a randomized cross-over design), and the other leg was trained in normoxia (20.9% O2) at the same relative workload. Musculus vastus lateralis biopsies were taken at baseline (T0) as well as immediately after the first (T1) and last (T2) training session to analyze anabolic signaling proteins and the myofiber cross-sectional area (FCSA). No significant differences were detected for FCSA between T0 and T2 under all oxygen conditions (p > 0.05). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for BNIP3, phosphorylated RSK1, ERK1/2, FoxO3a, mTOR, and S6K1 between all conditions and time points. Phosphorylated Akt/PKB decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at T1 in PER and at T2 in HY and PER. Phosphorylated rpS6 decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at T1 only in PER, whereas nonsignificant increases were shown in HY at T2 (p = 0.10). Despite no significant regulations, considerable reductions in eEF2 phosphorylation were detected in HY at T1 and T2 (p = 0.11 and p = 0.12, respectively). Short-term hypoxia in combination with moderate EEX induces favorable acute anabolic signaling responses in human skeletal muscle.
Genomic Prediction Using Individual-Level Data and Summary Statistics from Multiple Populations
Authors: Vandenplas Jeremie , Calus Mario P L , Gorjanc Gregor
Published: July 2018

This study presents a method for genomic prediction that uses individual-level data and summary statistics from multiple populations. Genome-wide markers are nowadays widely used to predict complex traits, and genomic prediction using multi-population data are an appealing approach to achieve higher prediction accuracies. However, sharing of individual-level data across populations is not always possible. We present a method that enables integration of summary statistics from separate analyses with the available individual-level data. The data can either consist of individuals with single or multiple (weighted) phenotype records per individual. We developed a method based on a hypothetical joint analysis model and absorption of population-specific information. We show that population-specific information is fully captured by estimated allele substitution effects and the accuracy of those estimates, i.e., the summary statistics. The method gives identical result as the joint analysis of all individual-level data when complete summary statistics are available. We provide a series of easy-to-use approximations that can be used when complete summary statistics are not available or impractical to share. Simulations show that approximations enable integration of different sources of information across a wide range of settings, yielding accurate predictions. The method can be readily extended to multiple-traits. In summary, the developed method enables integration of genome-wide data in the individual-level or summary statistics from multiple populations to obtain more accurate estimates of allele substitution effects and genomic predictions.
Gene Birth Contributes to Structural Disorder Encoded by Overlapping Genes
Authors: Willis Sara , Masel Joanna
Published: July 2018

The same nucleotide sequence can encode multiple protein products in different reading frames, and these regions encode higher levels of intrinsic structural disorder than non-overlapping genes. Willis and Masel find that...

The same nucleotide sequence can encode two protein products in different reading frames. Overlapping gene regions encode higher levels of intrinsic structural disorder (ISD) than nonoverlapping genes (39% vs. 25% in our viral dataset). This might be because of the intrinsic properties of the genetic code, because one member per pair was recently born de novo in a process that favors high ISD, or because high ISD relieves increased evolutionary constraint imposed by dual-coding. Here, we quantify the relative contributions of these three alternative hypotheses. We estimate that the recency of de novo gene birth explains 32% or more of the elevation in ISD in overlapping regions of viral genes. While the two reading frames within a same-strand overlapping gene pair have markedly different ISD tendencies that must be controlled for, their effects cancel out to make no net contribution to ISD. The remaining elevation of ISD in the older members of overlapping gene pairs, presumed due to the need to alleviate evolutionary constraint, was already present prior to the origin of the overlap. Same-strand overlapping gene birth events can occur in two different frames, favoring high ISD either in the ancestral gene or in the novel gene; surprisingly, most de novo gene birth events contained completely within the body of an ancestral gene favor high ISD in the ancestral gene (23 phylogenetically independent events vs. 1). This can be explained by mutation bias favoring the frame with more start codons and fewer stop codons.
Karininkų suvoktos simuliacinės karinės operacijos rizikos skalės kai kurios psichometrinės charakteristikos
Authors: Ambrulaitienė Giedrė
Published: July 2018

Straipsnyje pristatoma karininkų suvoktos simuliacinės karinės operacijos rizikos (toliau – KSR) skalė. Ši metodika parengta taikant empirinę skalių kūrimo strategiją. Karininkų suvokta rizika straipsnyje apima jaunesniųjų karininkų įsitikinimus dėl žūties ir turto sunaikinimo rizikos, vykdant simuliacines karines užduotis. Tokia skalė gali padėti išaiškinti suvoktos rizikos struktūrą karyboje ir atskleisti karininkų karinių operacijų metu daromų klaidų šaltinius. Nustatę karininkų dažniausiai daromų sprendimo priėmimo klaidų ir suvoktos rizikos sąsajas, galėtume nuodugniai ištirti klaidas, susijusias su suvokta simuliacinių karinių operacijų rizika, ir prisidėti prie šių klaidų mažinimo, kuriant specifines karinių mokymų programas. Mūsų tyrimo tikslas – sukurti karininkų suvoktos simuliacinės karinės operacijos rizikos skalę ir ištirti kai kurias jos psichometrines charakteristikas jaunesniųjų karininkų imtyje. Tyrime dalyvavo Lietuvos kariuomenės jaunesnieji karininkai, tarnaujantys įvairiose Lietuvos apskrityse. Tyrimas buvo sudarytas iš trijų etapų. Pirmame tyrimo etape (dalyvavo 26 karininkai), remiantis stebėjimo ir pusiau struktūruoto interviu rezultatais, taip pat teorinėmis prielaidomis, anksčiau atliktais empiriniais tyrimais karo, sveikatos ir organizacinės psichologijos srityse, sudaryta 22 rizikingų situacijų skalė (KSR skalė). Be to, šiame etape, remiantis ekspertiniu situacijų vertinimu, tikrintas sudarytos skalės turinio validumas. Antrame tyrimo etape (dalyvavo 94 karininkai), remiantis klasterine duomenų analize ir ekspertiniu vertinimu, buvo tikrinamas sudarytos KSR skalės konstrukto validumas. Trečiame tyrimo etape, kuriame dalyvavo 129 asmenys, taip pat tikrintas konstrukto validumas surinkus kitą dalyvių imtį. Remiantis trijų etapų tyrimo rezultatais, parengta KSR skalė. Gauti rezultatai leidžia išskirti tris karininkų suvoktos simuliacinės karinės operacijos rizikos skalės poskales: civilių žūties rizikos, karių ir vadų žūties rizikos bei išteklių ir turto praradimo rizikos. Nustatytos KSR skalės psichometrinės charakteristikos leidžia teigti, kad ši skalė yra tinkama naudoti tolesniuose tyrimuose, vertinant karininkų suvoktą simuliacinę karinių operacijų riziką. Ši skalė apima pagrindinius suvoktos rizikos vertinimo rodiklius karybos procese. Sudarytos skalės poskalės pasižymi geru vidiniu suderinamumu (Cronbacho alfa koeficientai: pirmos subskalės – 0,802; antros subskalės – 0,753; trečios subskalės – 0,883). Taip pat patvirtintas KSR skalės turinio validumas ir gauti daliniai konstrukto validumo įrodymai.
Trends in Abstaining From Substance Use in Adolescents: 1975–2014
Authors: Levy Sharon , Campbell Michael D. , Shea Corinne L. , DuPont Robert
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Adolescent substance use is a prevalent modifiable health behavior; understanding long-term trends is essential to inform prevention efforts and public health policy. We investigated changes in the proportion of substance nonuse among adolescents over a 40-year period and associations between abstinence and individual risk and protective factors.

METHODS:

Data from the nationally representative Monitoring the Future survey, administered 1975–2014, were analyzed to determine the annual proportion of abstinent students. The 2014 Monitoring the Future cohort was analyzed to determine associations between nonuse and risk and protective factors.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of abstaining seniors between 1976 and 2014 increased fivefold for lifetime abstinence and more than doubled for past 30 days; similar increases were reported by younger students between 1991 and 2014. Trend lines were distinct for alcohol, which increased steadily over the past 38 years; tobacco, which increased dramatically over the past 20 years; and marijuana and illicit drugs, which increased slightly, although not consistently, between 1976 and 2014. In 2014, students that identified as male, African American, or other race and those who reported greater religious commitment were significantly more likely to report lifetime abstinence. Students that lived in single-parent households, spent more evenings out, worked more hours during the school year, and reported lower grades and more truancy had lower abstinence rates.

CONCLUSIONS:

Abstinence is a realistic choice for a growing proportion of high school students. With the differences in abstinence trends for individual substances, we suggest strategies for advancing prevention efforts.
Televising Rural Muslim Culture: Hybrid Muslim Identities on TV Series Upside-Down World
Authors: Hakim Lukman
Published: July 2018

this article aims to contribute to the current understanding of how the religious-based TV drama Upside-Down World (Dunia Terbalik) depicts the identity of rural-based Muslim society in the contemporary Indonesia. Utilizing a formal method of film criticism, it reveals that the soap opera Dunia Terbalik simulates 'a hybrid new Santri identity' as well as it blurs the existing identities like Geertz' classification of santri. Further, the reculturization occurs within TV drama narrative, through which hybrid new Santri identity constructed, is likely intended to convey the notion that Indonesian Islam (Santri) should be globalized, and the global should be Santrinisized".
Dakwah Literasi Ustadz Giovani Van Rega: Analisis Imbauan Pesan Dakwah
Authors: Fatoni Uwes , Tedi Enjang
Published: July 2018

This article aims to find out how communication (proselytizing) message appeals in the literacy proselytizing of Ustadz Giovani Van Rega. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study has revealed that the message appeals used by Ustadz Rega are rational message appeals, appeals of fear, appeal for rewards, and motivational appeals. Ustadz Rega is considered using a rational appeal because he refers to the Qur'an and hadith. While the appeal of fear clearly understood from his statement that Indonesian Muslim youths Islam will suffer from weak faith, physical, science, and weak creativity if they are illiterate. The proposition of the appeal of reward is the more a Muslim well literate, the more honorable he is. Whilts the motivational appeal refers to his that the dakwah of literacy is a necessity in order to be able to conquer the world.
Intervensi Media Sosial dalam Pergeseran Aktivitas Jurnalistik Online di Malang
Authors: Sujoko Anang , Larasati Galuh Pandu
Published: July 2018

This article aims to describe in detail the social media influence on a shift towards journalistic practices in Malang Raya. Through observation and in-depth interviews to journalists of Malang Voice, Surya Malang, Times Indonesia, and Campus Info, this study has concluded that there has been a shift in journalistic activities resulted from the rapid growth of social media, namely the way of news production and news dissemination, the way of understanding journalistic principles, and gatekeeping role. In this regards, social media has become a highly important part of newsgathering as a wider range of sources, references, ideas, and issues, as well as channels for disseminating news. With regard to the changes of journalistic principle meaning, journalistic objectivity has referred to authentication, verification has shifted to transparency, and gatekeeping role has changed to collaborative practices.
Vilém Flusser, um filósofo da linguagem brasileiro
Authors: Ferreira Debora Pazetto
Published: July 2018

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir com o conhecimento e reconhecimento da filosofia brasileira, apresentando alguns aspectos da teoria de um de nossos autores mais originais, Vilém Flusser. Embora seja um pensador judeu de origem tcheca, Flusser foi naturalizado brasileiro e viveu mais de trinta anos em São Paulo. Nesse período, escreveu uma importante e pouco discutida parte de sua obra. Por esse motivo, pretendemos expor alguns aspectos da ontologia inicial de Flusser, que marcam sua permanência em solo intelectual brasileiro. O artigo concentra-se em sua tese inaugural de que a língua e a realidade são o mesmo, ou melhor, de que as diversas línguas se identificam com as diversas realidades - tese defendida em seu primeiro livro publicado, em 1963, Língua e realidade.
ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A PERCEPÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO SONO E A ASSIMILAÇÃO DO CONTEÚDO ABORDADO EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Batista Gabriel de Amorim , Silva Thaís Nadiane da , Oliveira Matheus Rodrigo de , Diniz Paula Rejane Beserra , Lopes Samantha Sousa , Oliveira Luciano Machado Ferreira Tenório de
Published: July 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação, em adolescentes, entre a percepção da qualidade do sono e a assimilaçãodo conteúdo abordado em salas de aula. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa e abrangência municipal. A amostra foi selecionada por intermédio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória de cluster, sendo constituída por 481 estudantes (de 14 a 19 anos), de ambos os sexos, de escolas da rede pública estadual de ensino médio da cidade de Caruaru, Pernambuco. As análises foram realizadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado e da regressão logística binária. Resultados: 44,1% relataram dificuldade de assimilação do conteúdo abordado em sala, 77,1% dormiam menos de 8 horas e 28,9% tinham uma percepção ruim da qualidade do sono. Constatou-se que os jovens que estudavam pelo menos 1 hora por dia extraclasse tinham menos chance de ter dificuldade de assimilação do conteúdo abordado em sala de aula (OR=0,34; IC95% 0,19-0,58). Verificou-se que aqueles jovens que relataram ter uma percepção ruim da qualidade de sono tinham mais chances de ter dificuldade de assimilação do assunto abordado em sala (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,13-2,65), independentemente de sexo, idade, turno, tempo de estudo fora da sala de aula e quantidade de horas dormidas. Conclusões: A percepção da qualidade do sono, independentemente da quantidade de horas dormidas e do tempo de estudo extraclasse, foi associada com a dificuldade de assimilação do conteúdo abordado em sala de aula.
An Exhaustive DPLL Algorithm for Model Counting
Authors: Oztok Umut , Darwiche Adnan
Published: July 2018

State-of-the-art model counters are based on exhaustive DPLL algorithms, and have been successfully used in probabilistic reasoning, one of the key problems in AI. In this article, we present a new exhaustive DPLL algorithm with a formal semantics, a proof of correctness, and a modular design. The modular design is based on the separation of the core model counting algorithm from SAT solving techniques. We also show that the trace of our algorithm belongs to the language of Sentential Decision Diagrams (SDDs), which is a subset of Decision-DNNFs, the trace of existing state-of-the-art model counters. Still, our experimental analysis shows comparable results against state-of-the-art model counters. Furthermore, we obtain the first top-down SDD compiler, and show orders-of-magnitude improvements in SDD construction time against the existing bottom-up SDD compiler.
Lifted Relational Neural Networks: Efficient Learning of Latent Relational Structures
Authors: Sourek Gustav , Aschenbrenner Vojtech , Zelezny Filip , Schockaert Steven , Kuzelka Ondrej
Published: July 2018

We propose a method to combine the interpretability and expressive power of firstorder logic with the effectiveness of neural network learning. In particular, we introduce a lifted framework in which first-order rules are used to describe the structure of a given problem setting. These rules are then used as a template for constructing a number of neural networks, one for each training and testing example. As the different networks corresponding to different examples share their weights, these weights can be efficiently learned using stochastic gradient descent. Our framework provides a flexible way for implementing and combining a wide variety of modelling constructs. In particular, the use of first-order logic allows for a declarative specification of latent relational structures, which can then be efficiently discovered in a given data set using neural network learning. Experiments on 78 relational learning benchmarks clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework.
A COP Model For Graph-Constrained Coalition Formation
Authors: Bistaffa Filippo , Farinelli Alessandro
Published: July 2018

We consider Graph-Constrained Coalition Formation (GCCF), a widely studied subproblem of coalition formation in which the set of valid coalitions is restricted by a graph. We propose COP-GCCF, a novel approach that models GCCF as a COP, and we solve such COP with a highly-parallel approach based on Bucket Elimination executed on the GPU, which is able to exploit the high constraint tightness of COP-GCCF. Results show that our approach outperforms state of the art algorithms (i.e., DyCE and IDPG) by at least one order of magnitude on realistic graphs, i.e., a crawl of the Twitter social graph, both in terms of runtime and memory.
MCTS-Minimax Hybrids with State Evaluations
Authors: Baier Hendrik , Winands Mark H. M.
Published: July 2018

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has been found to show weaker play than minimax-based search in some tactical game domains. This is partly due to its highly selective search and averaging value backups, which make it susceptible to traps. In order to combine the strategic strength of MCTS and the tactical strength of minimax, MCTS-minimax hybrids have been introduced, embedding shallow minimax searches into the MCTS framework. Their results have been promising even without making use of domain knowledge such as heuristic evaluation functions. This article continues this line of research for the case where evaluation functions are available. Three different approaches are considered, employing minimax with an evaluation function in the rollout phase of MCTS, as a replacement for the rollout phase, and as a node prior to bias move selection. The latter two approaches are newly proposed. Furthermore, all three hybrids are enhanced with the help of move ordering and k-best pruning for minimax. Results show that the use of enhanced minimax for computing node priors results in the strongest MCTS-minimax hybrid investigated in the three test domains of Othello, Breakthrough, and Catch the Lion. This hybrid, called MCTS-IP-M-k, also outperforms enhanced minimax as a standalone player in Breakthrough, demonstrating that at least in this domain, MCTS and minimax can be combined to an algorithm stronger than its parts. Using enhanced minimax for computing node priors is therefore a promising new technique for integrating domain knowledge into an MCTS framework.
Extending Classical Planning with State Constraints: Heuristics and Search for Optimal Planning
Authors: Haslum Patrik , Ivankovic Franc , Ramirez Miquel , Gordon Dan , Thiebaux Sylvie , Shivashankar Vikas , Nau Dana S.
Published: July 2018

We present a principled way of extending a classical AI planning formalism with systems of state constraints, which relate - sometimes determine - the values of variables in each state traversed by the plan. This extension occupies an attractive middle ground between expressivity and complexity. It enables modelling a new range of problems, as well as formulating more efficient models of classical planning problems. An example of the former is planning-based control of networked physical systems - power networks, for example - in which a local, discrete control action can have global effects on continuous quantities, such as altering flows across the entire network. At the same time, our extension remains decidable as long as the satisfiability of sets of state constraints is decidable, including in the presence of numeric state variables, and we demonstrate that effective techniques for cost-optimal planning known in the classical setting - in particular, relaxation-based admissible heuristics - can be adapted to the extended formalism. In this paper, we apply our approach to constraints in the form of linear or non-linear equations over numeric state variables, but the approach is independent of the type of state constraints, as long as there exists a procedure that decides their consistency. The planner and the constraint solver interact through a well-defined, narrow interface, in which the solver requires no specialisation to the planning context.
Column Generation Algorithms for Constrained POMDPs
Authors: Walraven Erwin , Spaan Matthijs T. J.
Published: July 2018

In several real-world domains it is required to plan ahead while there are finite resources available for executing the plan. The limited availability of resources imposes constraints on the plans that can be executed, which need to be taken into account while computing a plan. A Constrained Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (Constrained POMDP) can be used to model resource-constrained planning problems which include uncertainty and partial observability. Constrained POMDPs provide a framework for computing policies which maximize expected reward, while respecting constraints on a secondary objective such as cost or resource consumption. Column generation for linear programming can be used to obtain Constrained POMDP solutions. This method incrementally adds columns to a linear program, in which each column corresponds to a POMDP policy obtained by solving an unconstrained subproblem. Column generation requires solving a potentially large number of POMDPs, as well as exact evaluation of the resulting policies, which is computationally difficult. We propose a method to solve subproblems in a two-stage fashion using approximation algorithms. First, we use a tailored point-based POMDP algorithm to obtain an approximate subproblem solution. Next, we convert this approximate solution into a policy graph, which we can evaluate efficiently. The resulting algorithm is a new approximate method for Constrained POMDPs in single-agent settings, but also in settings in which multiple independent agents share a global constraint. Experiments based on several domains show that our method outperforms the current state of the art.
Sand particle erosion of cement mortar under sulfate and chloride attack and exposure to freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Hao Yunhong , Guo Jian , Liu Yanchen , Feng Yujiang , Fan Jincheng , Jiang Nan
Published: July 2018

The erosion behaviour of cement mortar subjected to sand particle blasting was investigated using the gas-blast method with different impact angles and sand particle fluxes. The corrosion regime under the action of freeze–thaw cycles was also investigated. The erosion rate of the cement mortar was measured and analysed under freeze–thaw cycles using two concentrations of corrosive solutions (8% and 10% mass fractions of salt solutions of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate). Moreover, with the support of scanning electron microscopy images, X-ray diffraction patterns and laser scanning confocal microscopy, the erosion mechanism at different impact angles and freeze–thaw cycles was investigated. The results showed that the erosion rate increased with increasing impact angle and decreased with an increase in sand particle flux. The erosion rate of the cement mortar was also found to first decrease and then increase with an increasing number of freeze–thaw cycles. The erosion damage of the cement mortar surface with significant mass loss was found to be due to two mechanisms – horizontal cutting and vertical pressing.
Carbon-fibre strengthening of deficient hollow steel sections under combined loading
Authors: Keykha Amir Hamzeh
Published: July 2018

Strengthening of steel structures using carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is a useful technique that has been considered by many researchers in recent years. However, most previous research studies have concerned the behaviour of structural steel members without deficiencies such as cracks and holes. The work described in this paper explored the effect of CFRP strengthening on the structural behaviour of square hollow section steel members having an initial deficiency under combined axial and lateral load. To study the effects of the strengthening, 17 specimens were tested under four loading scenarios, with 12 specimens strengthened using CFRP sheets. The deficiency was created by cutting vertical or horizontal slots in one flange. Three-dimensional modelling and non-linear static analyses were used to analyse the steel members. The results showed that the strengthening significantly improved the ultimate capacity of the deficient steel members and the effect of a transverse deficiency on the ultimate capacity of the steel members was greater than the effect of a longitudinal deficiency.
Scale and Elasticity Properties of Turkish Agricultural Production: Political Economy Approach
Authors: Güvercin Deniz
Published: July 2018

In this study, factor elasticities, value of marginal products, and the return to scale are estimated for Turkish agricultural production function by employing Turkish Regional Statistics for the period of 1994-2003. Results imply that there is an increasing return to scale, land has highest factor elasticity, and tractor has highest value of marginal product. We claim that the presence of increasing returns to scale is related to fragmented and scattered land, and small-scale farming in Turkey. Moreover, we claim that the high output and employment share of agriculture are related to populist corporatist politics. In this study, we also emphasize that reasons behind rural areas to be overpopulated are also reasons behind fragmented and small-scale farming, and sluggish movement of agricultural labor to other sectors.
Education Mismatches in the Labor Markets and Their Impact on Wages across Sectors: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: DUMAN Anıl
Published: July 2018

The incidence of mismatch and its pay effects vary not only across countries but also across
sectors due to different institutional arrangements. The first aim of the paper is to estimate education
mismatches in the Turkish labor market. Our second aim is to distinguish the impact of education
mismatches on wages in public and private sectors. The results of the analysis show returns on
overeducation are lower than required education in both sectors similar to many other country
examples. Moreover, we also show that wage differences between overeducation and required
education are smaller in the private sector, and through Oaxaca decomposition method most of it can
be explained by endowments. Lastly, the effect of undereducation on wages differs across sectors and
we conclude that human capital model is not applicable to Turkish public sector.
A kockásliliom (Fritillaria meleagris L.) tüskeszentpéteri (Zalaszentgrót) élőhelyének tájhasználat története
Authors: Biró Éva , Simon Zsófia , Bódis Judit
Published: July 2018

A mocsári kockásliliom (Ftritillaria meleagris) elsődlegesen ligeterdei faj, mégis gyakran találkozhatunk vele folyóinkat kísérő réteken. A vizsgált területet (Tüskeszentpéter) 2012 óta monitorozzuk. A tájtörténeti vizsgálatokhoz irodalmi és térképi forrásokat, valamint légifotókat használtunk fel (1720–2016). A virágzó tövek száma 630 és 5314 között változott a vizsgált hat év során az áradások és a tavaszi időjárás függvényében. Tüskeszentpéter első említése 1301-ből származik. A település környezetét mocsaras területek és a Zalát kísérő berkek jellemezték. A katonai felmérések térképei is ezt az állapotot tükrözik. A legfőbb megélhetési forrás az állattenyésztés volt, melyhez a téli szénát a kaszálórétek adták. 1895 és 1930 között a szántóterületek aránya megnőtt a rétek és a legelők rovására. A Zala szabályozása tovább növelte a felszántott rétek nagyságát, de jellemzően a kaszálóként való hasznosítás megmaradt (1955), csak a művelés intenzitása változott (1966). A Zala környékének becserjésedése megindult, de a fenntartott tájhasználatnak köszönhetően a vizsgált területen nem jelentős. A források alapján a kockásliliomok a közel 300 éve rétként használt területeken nőnek, az állatlétszám lecsökkenése miatt azonban jelentőségüket vesztik ezek a rétek, ma alapvetően a támogatások határozzák meg használatukat vagy felhagyásukat.
Mesterséges felszínformák botanikai összehasonlítása a Nagykunság és a Nagy-Sárrét vidékén
Authors: Kis Szabolcs
Published: July 2018

Az Alföld flórájának kutatásában kiemelt szerepet kap a lösznövényzet megmaradt állományainak tanulmányozása. Munkám során azon mesterséges felszínformák növényzetét vizsgáltam, melyeken az antropogén hatások ellenére fennmaradhattak, vagy amelyekre betelepülhettek a hajdani löszvegetáció képviselői. A vizsgálatok során arra kerestem a választ, hogy milyen hasonlóságok, illetve különbségek figyelhetőek meg ezen építmények növényzete között, mivel azok különböző korokban épültek. Minden építményt löszgyep (Salvio nemorosae-Festucetum rupicolae) vagy löszfalnövényzet (Agropyro cristati-Kochietum prostratae), esetleg ezek mozaikja borította. Megfigyelhetőek voltak továbbá a környező területekről feltelepülő ürmös szikespuszták (Artemisio santonici-Festucetum pseudovinae) fajai is. A vizsgált összehasonlítási szempontok (szociális magatartás típusok, Shannon diverzitás, DCA ordináció, cönoszisztematikai rendszer) alapján megállapítható, hogy a Nagykunság és a Nagy-Sárrét vidékén a mesterséges felszíniformák közül az ókori sáncok őrizték meg leginkább a löszgyepek jellegzetességeit.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÇOCUKLUK DÖNEMİ İSTİSMAR YAŞANTILARININ BAZI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Bozgün Kayhan , Pekdoğan Serpil
Published: July 2018

Günümüzde önemi
artan konulardan biri de şüphesiz istismar vakalarıdır. Yazılı kaynak,
paneller, haber ve röportajlarda istismar yaşantısı olan bireylerin
yaşadıklarına tanıklık edilmektedir. İstismar konusundaki alanyazın
incelendiğinde, çocuklar, öğretmenler, aileler, sağlık görevlilerinin katıldığı
çalışmaların yürütüldüğü göze çarpmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada çocukların
sağlıklı büyümesinde katkısı olacak olan öğretmen adayları ile çalışılmasına
ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının çocukluk
dönemindeki istismar yaşantılarını farklı değişkenler açısından incelemektir.
Araştırmada yöntem olarak, nicel araştırma desenlerinden tarama yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 628 öğretmen adayı
oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacılar tarafından
hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu, Kaya (2014) tarafından uyarlanan Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği Kısa Formu
kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPPS programı yardımıyla analiz
edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız
örneklem t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) teknikleri kullanılmıştır.
Elde edilen veriler için anlamlılık ,05 düzeyinde kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ortaya
çıkardığı bulgulara göre, öğretmen adaylarının çocukluk dönemi istismar
yaşantıları ile cinsiyet, sınıf, aile geliri, kardeş sayısı, doğum
sırası, anne-baba eğitim düzeyi değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın
olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının çocukluk dönemi istismar
yaşantılarının bölüm, anne-baba yaşam durumu, anne-baba birlikteliği, anne-baba
öz-üvey olma değişkenlerine göre farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir.
Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarda öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının katılımıyla
çocukluk dönemi istismar yaşantıları hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerini belirleyen
çalışmalar ele alınabilir.
ÖĞRETMENLERİN ÖĞRETMENLİK MESLEĞİNE İLİŞKİN TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: Ünişen Ali , Demirel Nevruz
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırma öğretmenlerin
öğretmenlik mesleğine ilişkin tutumlarını ölçmeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir
bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. İlgili literatürün
incelenmesi, uzman görüşü ve deneme sonucunda hazırlanan taslak ölçek 2014-2015
eğitim öğretim yılı ikinci yarıyılında Adana İl merkezinde görev yapan
öğretmenler üzerinde yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin kapsam için uzman görüşüne
başvurulmuş, yapı geçerliği için ise Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve
Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Araştırmada her bir analiz için
iki farklı çalışma grubu oluşturulmuştur. AFA sonunda toplam varyansın % 55.42’sini
açıklayan, 28 madde ve dört faktörden oluşan bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Ortaya
çıkan faktörler; Değer verme, Mesleki tükenmişlik, İlgisizlik ve Mesleki
gelişime açıklık olarak isimlendirilmiştir. DFA’nın uygulanması sonucunda elde
edilen bulgular öğretmenlerin öğretmenlik mesleğine ilişkin tutum ölçeğine (ÖÖMİTÖ)
ilişkin yapının yeterli uyum indekslerine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde
edilen ölçeğin test-tekrar test yöntemiyle ortaya çıkan puanlar arasındaki Pearson
Korelasyon Katsayısı r= 0.87 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgulara dayanarak ÖÖMİTÖ’nün
geçerli ve güvenilir ölçümler üreten bir ölçme aracı olduğu ve öğretmenlerin
öğretmenlik mesleğine ilişkin tutumlarını ölçmek amacıyla kullanılabileceği
belirlenmiştir.
BAZI SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE EVLİ BİREYLERİN EVLİLİK DOYUM DÜZEYLERİ: BİR PROFİL ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Çağ Pınar , Yıldırım İbrahim
Published: July 2018

yaşamlarından memnuniyet
düzeylerine göre evlilik doyumuna ilişkin profilleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın
araştırma grubunu, Ankara’da yaşayan, en az lise mezunu ve gelir getiren bir
işte çalışan 549 evli bireyden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak evlilik
doyum düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla Tezer (1986) tarafından geliştirilen
Evlilik Yaşamı Ölçeği, sosyo demografik değişkenlere ilişkin veri toplamak
amacıyla ise Kişisel Bilgi Formu Kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen
verilerin analizinde SPSS 22.0 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Yapılan
analizler sonucunda; evli bireylerin evlilik doyumu profil bulgularına ilişkin
olarak şu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir; bir yıldan az süredir evli olan, aile
gelirine katkı oranının kadın ve erkek cinsiyetleri arasında eşit düzeyde
olduğu, çocuk sahibi olmayan ve cinsel yaşamlarından memnun olan evli
bireylerin evlilik doyum düzeylerinin diğer gruplarda yer alan evli bireylere
oranla manidar düzeyde yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
TÜKETİCİ MARKA BİLGİSİ: HİKAYE ANLATICILIĞI VE KOLAJ TEKNİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA- CONSUMER BRAND KNOWLEDGE: A RESEARCH ON STORYTELLING AND COLLAGE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Erbaş Sefa
Published: July 2018

Tüketiciler marka ile ilgili bilgileri,
zihinlerinde episodik hafıza ve semantik
hafıza olmak üzere iki şekilde saklamaktadırlar. Episodik hafızada; marka
ile ilişkili kişisel deneyimler, önemli bir olay ve bağlantılarla ilişkili daha
fazla detay yer almakta iken semantik anımsamalar, kelimelerin ve sembollerin
anlamları hatırlandığında ortaya çıkmaktadır. 
Bu çalışmada, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi akademisyenlerinin ve öğrencilerinin
kullandıkları GSM operatörlerine (Turkcell, Avea, Vodafone) yönelik tüketici
marka bilgisi, markanın çağrışım yaptığı duyguların ve hikayelerin kolaj
tekniği ile gösterimine dayanarak ölçülmüştür. Araştırma, gönüllü katılım
esasına dayalı toplamda 50 kişi ile yürütülmüştür.  Katılımcılar kullandıkları markanın çağrışım
yaptığı duyguları; fiyat, işlevsel
fayda ve sembolik kodlar aracılığı ile ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca,  GSM operatörlerine yönelik deneyimlerini
anlattıkları hikayelerde; arkadaşlarıyla, müşteri hizmetleriyle, eşleriyle ve
rakip markalarla karşılaştırmada bulundukları olumlu ve olumsuz deneyimleri
paylaşmışlardır. Katılımcılar son olarak kullandıkları GSM markasına yönelik
duyguları ve hikayeyi, farklı gazetelere ait görsellerden oluşturdukları
kolajlarla anlatmışlardır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen veriler, sözlü
çalışmalarla da desteklenerek ileriki zamanlarda yapılacak olan araştırmalar
için kaynak niteliği görebilir.Abstract

The consumers store brand-related
information in their minds through two ways, episodic and semantic memory. In the
episodic memory, there are more details about personal experiences, significant
events and links regarding the brand. Semantic recall appears when the meanings
of words and symbols are remembered. In this study, Gumushane University’s
academicians and students using GSM operators (Turkcell, Avea, Vodafone) concerning
the consumer brand knowledge is measured with collage technique which
demonstrates brand associations and storytelling. This research is based on the
principle of voluntary participation is conducted with totally 50. The
participants, brand owner, stated brand associations which evoked emotions: Price
information, functional benefit and symbolic codes. Also, they share positive
and negative experiences about their brands and compare it with their friends,
customer services, spouses and the competing brands in their story which have
experienced to GSM operators. Finally the participants explained emotions and
story to their brands with collage technique which constitutes of different
newspapers’ images. The data obtained from this study can be seen a
starting-point for further researches by supporting it with verbal-based
methods.
KANUNİ TEMSİLCİLERİN VERGİ SUÇ VE CEZALARI KARŞISINDAKİ SORUMLULUKLARI
Authors: Apak Sedat
Published: July 2018

Kanuni temsil müessesesi, Vergi Usul
Kanununun ilgili hükümlerinde ve diğer hüküm içeren kanunlarda ayrıntılı olarak
ele alındığında; kanuni temsilcilerin sorumluluğu, “küçük ve kısıtlıların
kanuni temsilcilerinin sorumluluğu” ve “tüzel kişilerin kanuni temsilcilerinin
sorumluluğu” olmak üzere iki alt grupta değerlendirildiği görülmektedir.
Vergiyi toplamada kolaylık sağlanması ve vergi alacağını güvence altına alma
amaçlarıyla hareket eden vergi idaresi, verginin ödenmemesi durumunda
“sorumluluğun ikincilliği” bağlamında vergi aslı ve cezalarını öncelikle
yükümlüden alma yoluna gitmekte, ancak alınamaması durumunda kanuni temsilci
olan vergi sorumlusundan tamamlama ya da tahsil etme hallerine başvurmaktadır.
Bununla ilgili değerlendirmeler, 
makalede  ayrıntılı  olarak 
işlenmeye çalışılmış  durumdadır.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MEDYA OKURYAZARLIĞI BECERİ DÜZEYLERİ İLE ELEŞTİREL DÜŞÜNME EĞİLİMLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: Erişti Bahadır , Erdem Cahit
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmada, öğretmen adaylarının medya okuryazarlığı
beceri düzeyleri ve eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki çeşitli
değişkenler yönünden ele alınıp, incelenmiştir. Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama
modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, bir devlet üniversitesinin
eğitim fakültesinde farklı programlarda ve farklı sınıf düzeylerinde öğrenim
gören 517 öğretmen adayından elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının
medya okuryazarlığı becerileri düzeylerini ve eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerini
belirlemek için Erişti ve Erdem (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Medya
Okuryazarlığı Becerileri Ölçeği ile Ertaş Kılıç ve Şen (2014) tarafından
Türkçe’ye uyarlanan UF/EMI Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmada elde edilen önemli bulgulardan bazıları şöyledir: Öğretmen adayları,
medya okuryazarlığı becerilerine ve eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerine orta düzeyde
kabul edilebilecek bir yetkinlikte sahiptirler. Öğretmen adaylarının medya
okuryazarlığı becerileri düzeyleri, cinsiyet ve öğrenim görülen sınıf düzeyi
değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmamakta, öğrenim görülen program değişkenine göre
ise farklılaşma göstermektedir. Öğretmen adaylarının eleştirel düşünme
eğilimleri ise cinsiyet, öğrenim görülen sınıf düzeyi ve program türüne göre
farklılaşmamaktadır. Medya okuryazarlığı beceri düzeyi ile eleştirel düşünme
eğilimi arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki söz konusudur. Öğretmen
adaylarının eleştirel düşünme eğilimi puan ortalamaları, medya okuryazarlığı
becerileri puan ortalamalarında gözlemlenen değişimin %19’unu açıklamaktadır.
MATEMATİK ÖĞRETİMİNDE KAVRAM KARİKATÜRLERİNİN ÖĞRENCİ BAŞARISINA ETKİSİ
Authors: Batdal Karaduman Gülşah , Elgün Ceviz Aslı
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırma, kavram karikatürlerinin kullanımının
ilköğretim 4. Sınıf öğrencilerinin Matematik dersindeki başarıları üzerindeki
etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya
2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılı, güz döneminde, Kocaeli ili Dilovası ilçesindeki
bir ilkokula devam eden toplam 56 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırma
öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen modelinde tasarlanmıştır.
Araştırmada 4. Sınıf Matematik Programında yer alan “tonu keşfetme ve zaman
içinde ölçme” ünitesinde yer alan “ağırlık ölçüleri” deney grubunda öğretim materyali
olarak kavram karikatürleri kullanılarak, kontrol grubunda ise programa sadık
kalınarak işlenmiştir. Öğrencilere program öncesinde ve sonrasında 24 soruluk
akademik başarı testi öntest-sontest olarak uygulanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 18 kullanılarak, Mann
Whitney U- Testi ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi ile analiz edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler sonucunda, ön-test
sonuçları açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark çıkmazken; sontest
sonuçlarına göre; deney grubundaki öğrenciler kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere
göre daha başarılı olmuştur. Bulgular, kavram karikatürleri ile desteklenerek
yapılan öğretimin sadece programa dayalı öğretime göre daha etkili olduğunu
göstermektedir.
Regularities of mastering the accent of the Russian language of bilingual students
Authors: Shurpaeva M.I.
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the specifics of mastering the accentological norms of the Russian language of bilingual students. The regularities of assimilation of stress associated with the peculiarities of the native language and the properties of Russian stress. Types of exercises and tasks for development of skills of selection of shock syllable, assimilation of formative and semantic functions of stress are offered. The necessity of taking into account the relationship of phonetics, grammar and vocabulary in the process of assimilating the norms of stress bilingual students.
Natural science assessment of postmodern approach to linguistics and literary creativity
Authors: Antipenko L.G.
Published: July 2018

There are two lines of ascent to understanding the essence of the word and language. One line is gnoseological, it can be represented as a line that goes from the sensual perception to the representation, from the representation to the concept, from the concept to the idea. It has been brilliantly designed by the outstanding Russian linguist A. A. Potebnya. The second line leads from top to bottom, the beginning of it is to be just Platonic idea. This line could now be called an ontological line, taking into account its explication by Martin Heidegger΄s fundamental ontology.
The article shows how the synthesis of these two lines allows to confront the postmodern doctrine of arbitrariness (F. Saussur, Jacques Derrida) in the solution of the question of relationship between the signifier and signified, the sign (word) and thing (object).
THE LEXICAL BACKGROUND OF THE WORD "LIFE" IN NEWS HEADINGS IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Authors: Sidorchenko K.M.
Published: July 2018

The paper reviews analyses of polysemantic «life» in news headlines in russian and english. This researching represent the description of lexical background and functioning of lexical background in mass medias headlines.
The latest trends in the development of training programs for several related languages at the same time in European countries
Authors: Molnar A.A.
Published: July 2018

Against the background of globalisation more and more professionals who master several foreign languages are needed. In some European universities they have launched pilot projects of teaching from 3 to 5 related languages at the same time within the frame of one course. One language is supposed to be known at C1-C2 level including all kinds of activities (both productive and perceptive) while all the other languages are taught to be understood when listening and reading. The article presents the history of the project, focuses on learning techniques within the frame of the programmes and outlines some perspectives.
Specific features of perception of nonverbal components in intercultural communication
Authors: Bugaeva I.V.
Published: July 2018

The study, based on the analysis of South Korean videos, focuses on the analysis of the nonverbal components of advertising and their role in the perception of advertising messages in terms of intercultural communication.
The role of the psychological climate in the training of foreign students at the preparatory faculty in a Russian university
Authors: Katelina L.S. , Kornev V.A.
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of creating a favorable psychological climate in the process of teaching foreign students in Russian universities at the initial stage of study at the faculties of pre-University training. It pays close attention to pedagogical technologies, ways and means of solving this problem. Of particular interest is the approach to solving the problem largely from the point of view of the students themselves, analyzed on the basis of the results of the survey conducted by the authors.