bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “p‐hacking‐is‐terrific” ocean ‐ A cartoon for teaching statistics
Authors: Guo Dinghan , Ma Yue
Published: March 2022

P‐hacking is fishing for statistical significance through repeated testing on massive data. It would lead to spurious findings, misguide social practice and policy making, and thus should be avoided. Teaching about p‐hacking is important, yet challenging. Cartoons are effective edutainment tools to engage students in learning statistical concepts. We created a cartoon and discussed how to use it in teaching about p‐hacking by guiding students to think and answer a list of questions. This cartoon can be helpful with teaching both statistics courses and applied seminar courses in various other disciplines. Students are expected to gain a better understanding of multiple issues related to p‐hacking, including its occurrence due to repeated testing, the problems with using an arbitrary threshold for the P‐value and comparing statistical significance, the distinction between statistical vs scientific significance, the approach for interpreting testing results with a holistic view, and the strategies to avoid p‐hacking.
Progressive genetic modifications of porcine cardiac xenografts extend survival to 9 months
Authors: Mohiuddin Muhammad M. , Goerlich Corbin E. , Singh Avneesh K. , Zhang Tianshu , Tatarov Ivan , Lewis Billeta , Sentz Faith , Hershfeld Alena , Braileanu Gheorghe , Odonkor Patrick , Strauss Erik , Williams Brittney , Burke Allen , Hittman Jamie , Bhutta Adnan , Tabatabai Ali , Gupta Anuj , Vaught Todd , Sorrells Lori , Kuravi Kasinath , Dandro Amy , Eyestone Will , Kaczorowski David J. , Ayares David , Griffith Bartley P.
Published: March 2022

We report orthotopic (life‐supporting) survival of genetically engineered porcine cardiac xenografts (with six gene modifications) for almost 9 months in baboon recipients. This work builds on our previously reported heterotopic cardiac xenograft (three gene modifications) survival up to 945 days with an anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibody‐based immunosuppression. In this current study, life‐supporting xenografts containing multiple human complement regulatory, thromboregulatory, and anti‐inflammatory proteins, in addition to growth hormone receptor knockout (KO) and carbohydrate antigen KOs, were transplanted in the baboons. Selective “multi‐gene” xenografts demonstrate survival greater than 8 months without the requirement of adjunctive medications and without evidence of abnormal xenograft thickness or rejection. These data demonstrate that selective “multi‐gene” modifications improve cardiac xenograft survival significantly and may be foundational for paving the way to bridge transplantation in humans.
Antisloshing Trajectories for High-Acceleration Motions in Automatic Machines
Authors: Guagliumi Luca , Berti Alessandro , Monti Eros , Carricato Marco
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the design of antisloshing trajectories for application in automatic machines for packaging liquid products, with specific reference to cylindrical containers and emphasis on prescribed motion durations. Different strategies, based on a discrete linear model of the sloshing phenomenon and applicable in real-time, are analyzed to perform antisloshing feedforward control of the container motion: finite impulse response (FIR) filters (input shapers and others), dynamic-model inversion, and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. Unlike the previous literature, these strategies are applied to highly dynamical motion laws, with maximum accelerations from 4 m/s2 to 13 m/s2. The effectiveness of the proposed antisloshing trajectories is assessed by experiments.
Preparing osteopathy graduates for future careers: A review of osteopathic education in Australia
Authors: Mastronardo Chanelle , Wong Douglas , Grace Sandra , Fazalbhoy Azharuddin , Muddle Lee
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Osteopathy in Australia faces an uncertain future as an unprecedented number of graduates enter the profession. While most are destined to work in private practice, workforce data suggests that limited career diversity and practitioner maldistribution are associated with growing rates of job dissatisfaction and professional attrition. Cultivating employability skills that promote diverse careers is the responsibility of education providers, yet it is unclear whether existing osteopathy programs are achieving this. Our aim was to determine if osteopathic curricula provide the employability skills required to prepare graduates for diverse careers.Methods: This study was conducted as part of a larger project by RMIT University and Osteopathy Australia entitled “Strategic plan for the osteopathy profession 2030”. A two-part approach was utilised. Part A involved a comparison of core learning outcomes (contained within current Australian osteopathy curricula) against key employability skills required for success in a diverse range of careers. A consensus development panel was consulted in Part B to capture the perspectives of experts in the field. Results: Content analysis and expert panel discussions identified the curricula has a strong focus on critical thinking, communication and problem solving and less focus on teamwork, leadership, initiative and enterprise and technological skills. Furthermore, osteopathy programs offer limited elective and micro-credentialing opportunities. Conclusions: Career diversity and increased job satisfaction for osteopathy graduates may be achieved by empowering them with the skills to succeed in careers beyond private practice. This calls for curriculum reforms and expanded elective and micro-credentialing options to enable students to broaden their skills and widen their options.
Editorial, Vol 23.1: Education for sustainable healthcare: Setting the educational agenda for our future
Authors: Remedios Louisa , Winkel Kenneth D
Published: March 2022

Abstract not applicable for this format.
Supporting students in the aftermath of a weather-related disaster
Authors: Bailie Jodie
Published: March 2022

Abstract not applicable for this format.
Underwater single-channel acoustic signal multitarget recognition using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Sun Qinggang , Wang Kejun
Published: March 2022

The radiated noise from ships is of great significance to target recognition, and several deep learning methods have been developed for the recognition of underwater acoustic signals. Previous studies have focused on single-target recognition, with relatively few reports on multitarget recognition. This paper proposes a deep learning-based single-channel multitarget underwater acoustic signal recognition method for an unknown number of targets in the specified category. The proposed method allows the two subproblems of recognizing the unique class and duplicate categories of multiple targets to be solved. These two tasks are essentially multilabel binary classification and multilabel multiple value classification, respectively. In this paper, we describe the use of real-valued and complex-valued ResNet and DenseNet convolutional networks to recognize synthetic mixed multitarget signals, which was superimposed from individual target signals. We compare the performance of various features, including the original audio signal, complex-valued short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectrum, magnitude STFT spectrum, logarithmic mel spectrum, and mel frequency cepstral coefficients. The experimental results show that our method can effectively recognize synthetic multitarget ship signals when the magnitude STFT spectrum, complex-valued STFT spectrum, and log-mel spectrum are used as network inputs.
Contralateral noise effects on otoacoustic emissions and electrophysiologic responses in normal-hearing adults
Authors: Mertes Ian B. , Potocki Morgan E.
Published: March 2022

Contralateral noise inhibits the amplitudes of cochlear and neural responses. These measures may hold potential diagnostic utility. The medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex underlies the inhibition of cochlear responses but the extent to which it contributes to inhibition of neural responses remains unclear. Mertes and Leek [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140, 2027–2038 (2016)] recently examined contralateral inhibition of cochlear responses [transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs)] and neural responses [auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs)] in humans and found that the two measures were not correlated, but potential confounds of older age and hearing loss were present. The current study controlled for these confounds by examining a group of young, normal-hearing adults. Additionally, measurements of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) were obtained. Responses were elicited using clicks with and without contralateral broadband noise. Changes in TEOAE and ASSR magnitude as well as ABR wave V latency were examined. Results indicated that contralateral inhibition of ASSRs was significantly larger than that of TEOAEs and that the two measures were uncorrelated. Additionally, there was no significant change in wave V latency. Results suggest that further work is needed to understand the mechanism underlying contralateral inhibition of the ASSR.
Effects of Performing Isometric Bench Press Training at Single Versus Multiple Joint Positions on Strength and Power Performance
Authors: Lum Danny , Soh Swee Keng , Teo Cheryl J.H. , Wong Olivia Q.H. , Lee Marcus J.C.
Published: March 2022

Isometric strength training has been reported to benefit various sport-related dynamic performances. However, it is still unknown whether performing isometric strength training at single or multiple joint angles would elicit greater benefit. Purpose: To compare the effects of isometric bench press performed at single (SIBP) and multiple (MIBP) joint angles on dynamic strength and overhead throwing performance. Methods: Sixteen male softball and baseball athletes performed overhead throwing, 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) bench press, and ballistic push-up during pretest and posttest. They were then randomly assigned to either SIBP or MIBP to undergo 12 strength training sessions. During the training, isometric bench press was performed at only 90° elbow angle for SIBP but at 60°, 90°, and 120° elbow angles for MIBP. Results: A significant main time effect was observed for bench press 1RM (P = .003) and relative 1RM (P < .001). Similarly, a significant main time effect was observed for ballistic push-up peak power only (P = .037). There was no significant change in overhead throwing velocity in either group. There was also no significant difference in change in all measures between groups. However, a moderate effect in favor of MIBP was observed for change in ballistic push-up peak power (P = .180, g = 0.67). Conclusions: Based on the current findings, the inclusion of both SIBP and MIBP were equally beneficial to maximal strength development. However, performing MIBP had a greater effect on power development.
Epigenetic patterns in a complete human genome
Authors: Gershman Ariel , Sauria Michael E. G. , Guitart Xavi , Vollger Mitchell R. , Hook Paul W. , Hoyt Savannah J. , Jain Miten , Shumate Alaina , Razaghi Roham , Koren Sergey , Altemose Nicolas , Caldas Gina V. , Logsdon Glennis A. , Rhie Arang , Eichler Evan E. , Schatz Michael C. , O’Neill Rachel J. , Phillippy Adam M. , Miga Karen H. , Timp Winston
Published: March 2022

The completion of a telomere-to-telomere human reference genome, T2T-CHM13, has resolved complex regions of the genome, including repetitive and homologous regions. Here, we present a high-resolution epigenetic study of previously unresolved sequences, representing entire acrocentric chromosome short arms, gene family expansions, and a diverse collection of repeat classes. This resource precisely maps CpG methylation (32.28 million CpGs), DNA accessibility, and short-read datasets (166,058 previously unresolved chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing peaks) to provide evidence of activity across previously unidentified or corrected genes and reveals clinically relevant paralog-specific regulation. Probing CpG methylation across human centromeres from six diverse individuals generated an estimate of variability in kinetochore localization. This analysis provides a framework with which to investigate the most elusive regions of the human genome, granting insights into epigenetic regulation.
The complete sequence of a human genome
Authors: Nurk Sergey , Koren Sergey , Rhie Arang , Rautiainen Mikko , Bzikadze Andrey V. , Mikheenko Alla , Vollger Mitchell R. , Altemose Nicolas , Uralsky Lev , Gershman Ariel , Aganezov Sergey , Hoyt Savannah J. , Diekhans Mark , Logsdon Glennis A. , Alonge Michael , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Borchers Matthew , Bouffard Gerard G. , Brooks Shelise Y. , Caldas Gina V. , Chen Nae-Chyun , Cheng Haoyu , Chin Chen-Shan , Chow William , de Lima Leonardo G. , Dishuck Philip C. , Durbin Richard , Dvorkina Tatiana , Fiddes Ian T. , Formenti Giulio , Fulton Robert S. , Fungtammasan Arkarachai , Garrison Erik , Grady Patrick G. S. , Graves-Lindsay Tina A. , Hall Ira M. , Hansen Nancy F. , Hartley Gabrielle A. , Haukness Marina , Howe Kerstin , Hunkapiller Michael W. , Jain Chirag , Jain Miten , Jarvis Erich D. , Kerpedjiev Peter , Kirsche Melanie , Kolmogorov Mikhail , Korlach Jonas , Kremitzki Milinn , Li Heng , Maduro Valerie V. , Marschall Tobias , McCartney Ann M. , McDaniel Jennifer , Miller Danny E. , Mullikin James C. , Myers Eugene W. , Olson Nathan D. , Paten Benedict , Peluso Paul , Pevzner Pavel A. , Porubsky David , Potapova Tamara , Rogaev Evgeny I. , Rosenfeld Jeffrey A. , Salzberg Steven L. , Schneider Valerie A. , Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Shafin Kishwar , Shew Colin J. , Shumate Alaina , Sims Ying , Smit Arian F. A. , Soto Daniela C. , Sović Ivan , Storer Jessica M. , Streets Aaron , Sullivan Beth A. , Thibaud-Nissen Françoise , Torrance James , Wagner Justin , Walenz Brian P. , Wenger Aaron , Wood Jonathan M. D. , Xiao Chunlin , Yan Stephanie M. , Young Alice C. , Zarate Samantha , Surti Urvashi , McCoy Rajiv C. , Dennis Megan Y. , Alexandrov Ivan A. , Gerton Jennifer L. , O’Neill Rachel J. , Timp Winston , Zook Justin M. , Schatz Michael C. , Eichler Evan E. , Miga Karen H. , Phillippy Adam M.
Published: March 2022

Since its initial release in 2000, the human reference genome has covered only the euchromatic fraction of the genome, leaving important heterochromatic regions unfinished. Addressing the remaining 8% of the genome, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) Consortium presents a complete 3.055 billion–base pair sequence of a human genome, T2T-CHM13, that includes gapless assemblies for all chromosomes except Y, corrects errors in the prior references, and introduces nearly 200 million base pairs of sequence containing 1956 gene predictions, 99 of which are predicted to be protein coding. The completed regions include all centromeric satellite arrays, recent segmental duplications, and the short arms of all five acrocentric chromosomes, unlocking these complex regions of the genome to variational and functional studies.
An integrated materials approach to ultrapermeable and ultraselective CO
2
polymer membranes
Authors: Sandru Marius , Sandru Eugenia M. , Ingram Wade F. , Deng Jing , Stenstad Per M. , Deng Liyuan , Spontak Richard J.
Published: March 2022

Advances in membrane technologies that combine greatly improved carbon dioxide (CO
2
) separation efficacy with low costs, facile fabrication, feasible upscaling, and mechanical robustness are needed to help mitigate global climate change. We introduce a hybrid-integrated membrane strategy wherein a high-permeability thin film is chemically functionalized with a patchy CO
2
-philic grafted chain surface layer. A high-solubility mechanism enriches the concentration of CO
2
in the surface layer hydrated by water vapor naturally present in target gas streams, followed by fast CO
2
transport through a highly permeable (but low-selectivity) polymer substrate. Analytical methods confirm the existence of an amine surface layer. Integrated multilayer membranes prepared in this way are not diffusion limited and retain much of their high CO
2
permeability, and their CO
2
selectivity is concurrently increased in some cases by more than ~150-fold.
Bronze and Iron Age population movements underlie Xinjiang population history
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Wang Wenjun , Zhang Jie , Wang Yongqiang , Ruan Qiurong , Yu Jianjun , Wu Xiaohong , Hu Xingjun , Wu Xinhua , Guo Wu , Wang Bo , Niyazi Alipujiang , Lv Enguo , Tang Zihua , Cao Peng , Liu Feng , Dai Qingyan , Yang Ruowei , Feng Xiaotian , Ping Wanjing , Zhang Lizhao , Zhang Ming , Hou Weihong , Liu Yichen , Bennett E. Andrew , Fu Qiaomei
Published: March 2022

The Xinjiang region in northwest China is a historically important geographical passage between East and West Eurasia. By sequencing 201 ancient genomes from 39 archaeological sites, we clarify the complex demographic history of this region. Bronze Age Xinjiang populations are characterized by four major ancestries related to Early Bronze Age cultures from the central and eastern Steppe, Central Asian, and Tarim Basin regions. Admixtures between Middle and Late Bronze Age Steppe cultures continued during the Late Bronze and Iron Ages, along with an inflow of East and Central Asian ancestry. Historical era populations show similar admixed and diverse ancestries as those of present-day Xinjiang populations. These results document the influence that East and West Eurasian populations have had over time in the different regions of Xinjiang.
A complete reference genome improves analysis of human genetic variation
Authors: Aganezov Sergey , Yan Stephanie M. , Soto Daniela C. , Kirsche Melanie , Zarate Samantha , Avdeyev Pavel , Taylor Dylan J. , Shafin Kishwar , Shumate Alaina , Xiao Chunlin , Wagner Justin , McDaniel Jennifer , Olson Nathan D. , Sauria Michael E. G. , Vollger Mitchell R. , Rhie Arang , Meredith Melissa , Martin Skylar , Lee Joyce , Koren Sergey , Rosenfeld Jeffrey A. , Paten Benedict , Layer Ryan , Chin Chen-Shan , Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Hansen Nancy F. , Miller Danny E. , Phillippy Adam M. , Miga Karen H. , McCoy Rajiv C. , Dennis Megan Y. , Zook Justin M. , Schatz Michael C.
Published: March 2022

Compared to its predecessors, the Telomere-to-Telomere CHM13 genome adds nearly 200 million base pairs of sequence, corrects thousands of structural errors, and unlocks the most complex regions of the human genome for clinical and functional study. We show how this reference universally improves read mapping and variant calling for 3202 and 17 globally diverse samples sequenced with short and long reads, respectively. We identify hundreds of thousands of variants per sample in previously unresolved regions, showcasing the promise of the T2T-CHM13 reference for evolutionary and biomedical discovery. Simultaneously, this reference eliminates tens of thousands of spurious variants per sample, including reduction of false positives in 269 medically relevant genes by up to a factor of 12. Because of these improvements in variant discovery coupled with population and functional genomic resources, T2T-CHM13 is positioned to replace GRCh38 as the prevailing reference for human genetics.
Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres
Authors: Altemose Nicolas , Logsdon Glennis A. , Bzikadze Andrey V. , Sidhwani Pragya , Langley Sasha A. , Caldas Gina V. , Hoyt Savannah J. , Uralsky Lev , Ryabov Fedor D. , Shew Colin J. , Sauria Michael E. G. , Borchers Matthew , Gershman Ariel , Mikheenko Alla , Shepelev Valery A. , Dvorkina Tatiana , Kunyavskaya Olga , Vollger Mitchell R. , Rhie Arang , McCartney Ann M. , Asri Mobin , Lorig-Roach Ryan , Shafin Kishwar , Lucas Julian K. , Aganezov Sergey , Olson Daniel , de Lima Leonardo Gomes , Potapova Tamara , Hartley Gabrielle A. , Haukness Marina , Kerpedjiev Peter , Gusev Fedor , Tigyi Kristof , Brooks Shelise , Young Alice , Nurk Sergey , Koren Sergey , Salama Sofie R. , Paten Benedict , Rogaev Evgeny I. , Streets Aaron , Karpen Gary H. , Dernburg Abby F. , Sullivan Beth A. , Straight Aaron F. , Wheeler Travis J. , Gerton Jennifer L. , Eichler Evan E. , Phillippy Adam M. , Timp Winston , Dennis Megan Y. , O’Neill Rachel J. , Zook Justin M. , Schatz Michael C. , Pevzner Pavel A. , Diekhans Mark , Langley Charles H. , Alexandrov Ivan A. , Miga Karen H.
Published: March 2022

Existing human genome assemblies have almost entirely excluded repetitive sequences within and near centromeres, limiting our understanding of their organization, evolution, and functions, which include facilitating proper chromosome segregation. Now, a complete, telomere-to-telomere human genome assembly (T2T-CHM13) has enabled us to comprehensively characterize pericentromeric and centromeric repeats, which constitute 6.2% of the genome (189.9 megabases). Detailed maps of these regions revealed multimegabase structural rearrangements, including in active centromeric repeat arrays. Analysis of centromere-associated sequences uncovered a strong relationship between the position of the centromere and the evolution of the surrounding DNA through layered repeat expansions. Furthermore, comparisons of chromosome X centromeres across a diverse panel of individuals illuminated high degrees of structural, epigenetic, and sequence variation in these complex and rapidly evolving regions.
Damp heat–stable perovskite solar cells with tailored-dimensionality 2D/3D heterojunctions
Authors: Azmi Randi , Ugur Esma , Seitkhan Akmaral , Aljamaan Faisal , Subbiah Anand S. , Liu Jiang , Harrison George T. , Nugraha Mohamad I. , Eswaran Mathan K. , Babics Maxime , Chen Yuan , Xu Fuzong , Allen Thomas G. , Rehman Atteq ur , Wang Chien-Lung , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Schwingenschlögl Udo , De Bastiani Michele , Aydin Erkan , De Wolf Stefaan
Published: March 2022

If perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are to be commercialized, they must achieve long-term stability, which is usually assessed with accelerated degradation tests. One of the persistent obstacles for PSCs has been successfully passing the damp-heat test (85°C and 85% relative humidity), which is the standard for verifying the stability of commercial photovoltaic (PV) modules. We fabricated damp heat–stable PSCs by tailoring the dimensional fragments of two-dimensional perovskite layers formed at room temperature with oleylammonium iodide molecules; these layers passivate the perovskite surface at the electron-selective contact. The resulting inverted PSCs deliver a 24.3% PCE and retain >95% of their initial value after >1000 hours at damp-heat test conditions, thereby meeting one of the critical industrial stability standards for PV modules.
Complex cognitive algorithms preserved by selective social learning in experimental populations
Authors: Thompson B. , van Opheusden B. , Sumers T. , Griffiths T. L.
Published: March 2022

Many human abilities rely on cognitive algorithms discovered by previous generations. Cultural accumulation of innovative algorithms is hard to explain because complex concepts are difficult to pass on. We found that selective social learning preserved rare discoveries of exceptional algorithms in a large experimental simulation of cultural evolution. Participants (
N
= 3450) faced a difficult sequential decision problem (sorting an unknown sequence of numbers) and transmitted solutions across 12 generations in 20 populations. Several known sorting algorithms were discovered. Complex algorithms persisted when participants could choose who to learn from but frequently became extinct in populations lacking this selection process, converging on highly transmissible lower-performance algorithms. These results provide experimental evidence for hypothesized links between sociality and cognitive function in humans.
A push for inclusive data collection in STEM organizations
Authors: Burnett Nicholas P. , Hernandez Alyssa M. , King Emily E. , Tanner Richelle L. , Wilsterman Kathryn
Published: March 2022

Professional societies could better survey, and thus better serve, underrepresented groups
War in an automated, data-driven world
War Virtually: The Quest to Automate Conflict, Militarize Data, and Predict the Future
Roberto J. González
University of California Press, 2022. 270 pp.
Authors: Lucas George
Published: March 2022

An anthropologist misses the mark on a topic of great concern
In Science Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Smith Keith T. , Hurtley Stella M. , Zahn Laura M. , Gao Wei , Fogg Christiana N. , Lavine Marc S. , Szuromi Phil , Stern Peter , Olingy Claire , Ferrarelli Leslie K. , Chemler Sherry R.
Published: March 2022

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Biden’s 2023 budget request for science aims high—again
Authors:   Science News Staff
Published: March 2022

New spending plan repeats many themes that Congress failed to support fully this year
Evaluation of the EUCAST Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for
Enterobacterales
-Containing Blood Cultures in China
Authors: Shan Yuzhang , Hu Bijie , Guo Wei , Wang Beili , Zhou Chunmei , Huang Shenlei , Li Na
Published: March 2022

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is defined by the presence of microbes in the bloodstream and has high mortality. Early antimicrobial therapy is key to treating BSI patients.
Candida auris on Apples: Diversity and Clinical Significance
Authors: Yadav Anamika , Jain Kusum , Wang Yue , Pawar Kalpana , Kaur Hardeep , Sharma Krishan Kumar , Tripathy Vandana , Singh Ashutosh , Xu Jianping , Chowdhary Anuradha
Published: March 2022

In 2019, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classified the multidrug-resistant
Candida auris
as one of five pathogens posing the most urgent threats to public health.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium fortuitum subsp.
fortuitum
JCM 6387, a Type Strain of Human-Pathogenic Mycobacteria Showing Inducible Macrolide Resistance
Authors: Yoshida Mitsunori , Fukano Hanako , Suzuki Masato , Hoshino Yoshihiko
Published: March 2022

Mycobacterium fortuitum
subsp.
fortuitum
is a rapidly growing mycobacterial species for which pathogenic features are unclear. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the
Mycobacterium fortuitum
subsp.
fortuitum
type strain. This sequence will provide essential information for future comparative genome studies of this
mycobacterium
.
Seneca Valley Virus 3C
pro
Mediates Cleavage and Redistribution of Nucleolin To Facilitate Viral Replication
Authors: Song Jiangwei , Quan Rong , Wang Dan , Liu Jue
Published: March 2022

The nucleolus is a subnuclear cellular compartment, and nucleolin (NCL) resides predominantly in the nucleolus. NCL participates in viral replication, translation, internalization, and also serves as a receptor for virus entry.
Phylogeographical Landscape of Citrobacter portucalensis Carrying Clinically Relevant Resistomes
Authors: Sellera Fábio P. , Fernandes Miriam R. , Fuga Bruna , Fontana Herrison , Vásquez-Ponce Felipe , Goldberg Daphne W. , Monte Daniel F. , Rodrigues Larissa , Cardenas-Arias Adriana R. , Lopes Ralf , Cardoso Brenda , Costa Daniela G. C. , Esposito Fernanda , Lincopan Nilton
Published: March 2022

The global spread of antibiotic-resistant priority pathogens beyond the hospital setting is a critical issue within a One Health context that integrates the human-animal-environment interfaces. On the other hand, next-generation sequencing technologies along with user-friendly and high-quality bioinformatics tools have improved the identification of bacterial species, and bacterial resistance surveillance.
Supplemental Material: Latest Silurian syntectonic sedimentation and magmatism and Early Devonian orogenic gold mineralization, central Newfoundland Appalachians, Canada: Setting, structure, lithogeochemistry, and high-precision U-Pbgeochronology
Authors: Honsberger I.W. , al. et
Published: March 2022

Supplemental Material 1: Zircon and Rutile Populations: Figure S1. Reflected light microphotographs of zircon (A–F) and rutile (G) crystal populations from rocks analyzed for U-Pb geochronology. (A) BNB18-IHNL-008. (B) BNB19-IHNL-317. (C) BNB18-IHNL-197. (D) BNB18-IHNL-080b. (E) BNB19-IHNL-295. (F) BNB18-WL-029. (G) BNB18-IHNL-180. Supplemental Material 2: Analytical Chemistry Methods. Supplemental Material 3: Lithogeochemical Data: Table S1: Lithogeochemical data obtained at ALS Geochemistry Laboratories for igneous rocks in central Newfoundland; Table S2: Lithogeochemical data obtained at the Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador for igneous rocks in central Newfoundland.
Supplemental Material: Late Mesozoic intracontinental deformation and magmatism in the Chinese Tianshan and adjacent areas, Central Asia
Authors: Wang Fujun , Zhu Wenbin , et al.
Published: March 2022

Supplementary text: Analytical methods. Table S1: Location and crystallization ages of Paleozoic granitoid intrusions. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of detrital samples. Table S3: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of gravel and tuff samples.
Supplemental Material: Featured Neoarchean granitoid association in the central North China Craton: An indicator of warm plate subduction
Authors: Sun Guozheng , Liu Shuwen , et al.
Published: March 2022

Data of zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotope, whole-rock Sm–Nd isotope and whole-rock chemical data of granitoid rocks.
Supplemental Material: Spatially averaged stratigraphic data to inform watershed sediment routing: An example from the Mid-Atlantic United States
Authors: Pizzuto J.E. , al. et
Published: March 2022

Sediment dating methods and equations for computing sediment travel-time distributions.
Supplemental Material: Spatially averaged stratigraphic data to inform watershed sediment routing: An example from the Mid-Atlantic United States
Authors: Pizzuto J.E. , et al.
Published: March 2022

Sediment dating methods and equations for computing sediment travel-time distributions.
Supplemental Material: The 180-km-long Meers-Willow Fault System in the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen: A potential U.S. mid-continent seismic hazard
Authors: Chase Brandon F. , al. et
Published: March 2022

Additional data processing, notes on the aeromagnetic dataset, notes on the additional datasets, Figures S1–S4, and Tables S1 and S2.
Supplemental Material: Fingerprinting the metal source and cycling of the world’s largest antimony deposit in Xikuangshan, China
Authors: Long Zheng-Yu , Qiu Kun-Feng , et al.
Published: March 2022

Table S1: Sulfur isotopic compositions of stibnite in the Xikuangshan deposit.
Perceived stress in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gao Yifan , Hu Rong , Zhang Yingyue , Yuan Menghan , Xu Yong , Ma Jing
Published: March 2022

Objective

Studies have shown that chronic stress is closely linked to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease. To date, few studies have focused on perceived stress in coronary heart diseases (CHD) patients and the possible factors influencing the stress. This study aims to investigate the perceived stress of patients with CHD and determine the individual attributes closely associated with it.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Participates

A total of 2215 patients with CHD were enrolled and perceived stress was assessed with the Chinese version Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS). Participants were divided into two groups due to CPSS score and binary logistic regression was applied to analyse the factors that affected perceived stress level.

Results

The mean CPSS score of Chinese patients with CHD was 27.16±6.35 Compared with participants who received senior middle school education or below, those with a university degree had a higher probability of high perceived stress (OR 1.453, 95% CI 1.206 to 1.750); this difference was more evident in participants with a master or doctoral degree (OR 1.928, 95% CI 1.290 to 2.882). Also engaging in mental labour (OR 1.389, 95% CI 1.144 to 1.686), having children (OR 2.226, 95% CI 1.098 to 4.515) and having a habit of risky alcohol consumption (OR 1.492, 95% CI 1.146 to 1.944) were associated with perceived stress.

Conclusion

Patients who had higher educational attainment, engaged in mental labour, had children, and had a habit of risky alcohol consumption were much easier to perceive the stress.
Effect of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes with microalbuminuria: study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ghoreishy Seyed Mojtaba , Shirzad Nooshin , Nakhjavani Manouchehr , Esteghamati Alireza , Djafarian Kurosh , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Introduction

To alleviate clinical symptoms of diabetic nephropathy (DN), several dietary and non-dietary strategies have been suggested. Probiotic-enriched foods, through their effects on modulating microflora, might help these patients control the adverse effects. The current study will be done to examine the effects of probiotic yoghurt consumption on albumin to creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes with nephropathy.

Methods and analysis

Sixty patients with DN will be recruited in this study. After block matching for sex, body mass index and age, patients will be randomly assigned to receive 300 g/day probiotic yoghurt containing 106 CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis strains or 300 g/day plain yoghurt daily for 8 weeks. Weight, height and waist circumference will be measured at study baseline and after the intervention. Biochemical indicators including glycaemic measures (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS)), inflammatory markers (high sensitivity-C reactive protein), lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)) and finally renal makers (creatinine, albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR) will be assessed at study baseline and at the end of the trial.

Discussion

Improving the condition of a person with DN is a serious clinical challenge. The use of probiotic supplements has been considered in these people, but the use of probiotic-enriched foods has received less attention.

Trial registration number

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir) (IRCT20201125049491N1).
Treating hypertension with a pill containing very low doses of four antihypertensive agents compared with standard dose irbesartan
Authors: Eltayeb Abubaker , Khong Teck K
Published: March 2022

Commentary on:Chow CK, Atkins ER, Hillis GS,et al. Initial treatment with a single pill containing quadruple combination of quarter doses of blood pressure medicines versus standard dose monotherapy in patients with hypertension (QUARTET): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled trial.Lancet. 2021;398:1043–52.

Series co-ordinator:Dr Teck Khong, DTB Associate Editor Clinical Pharmacology, St George’s, University of London, UK
Airflow obstruction and small airway dysfunction following pulmonary tuberculosis: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Xing Zhenzhen , Sun Tieying , Janssens Jean-Paul , Chai Di , Liu Weiming , Tong Yaqi , Wang Yuxia , Ma Yali , Pan Mingming , Cui Jia , Wang Chen , Guo YanFei
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Pulmonary function impairment and chronic respiratory symptoms after tuberculosis are relatively common in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to estimate the impact of post-tuberculosis (post-TB) on pulmonary function.

Methods

This large cross-sectional, population-based study included subjects aged 15 years or older with technically acceptable postbronchodilator spirometry measurements. Post-TB was diagnosed on the basis of radiological evidence and/or medical history. Airflow obstruction was defined as a postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio below the lower limit of normal of Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) lung function equations. Small airway dysfunction was diagnosed if at least two of the following indicators were less than 65% of predicted: maximal mid-expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow (FEF) 50% or FEF 75%.

Results

In this population sample (N=8680, mean age: 40.1 years), 610 (7.0% (95% CI 6.5 to 7.6) participants were post-TB. Post-TB subjects had more frequent respiratory symptoms (46.8% vs 28.3%). Among post-TB subjects, 130 (21.3% (95% CI 18.1 to 24.8)) had airflow obstruction; OR of airflow obstruction was significantly associated with post-TB after adjustment for other confounding factors (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.62). Post-TB was also associated with small airway dysfunction (OR 1.28, 95% CI1.07 to 1.53), which was present in 297 (48.9% (95% CI 33.9 to 53.0)) post-TB subjects.

Conclusions

Our findings support existing knowledge that post-TB is positively associated with pulmonary function impairment and make for frequent respiratory symptoms. Post-TB should be considered as a potentially important cause of airflow obstruction and respiratory symptoms in patients originating from countries with a high burden of tuberculosis.
Effects of caffeinated energy drinks on cardiovascular responses during exercise in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Grinberg Nancy , Benkhedda Karima , Barber Jennifer , Krahn Andrew D. , La Vieille Sébastien
Published: March 2022

The impact of caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) on the cardiovascular (CV) response to exercise has not been well described. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on the acute effects of CEDs on CV responses during dynamic, aerobic exercise in 296 healthy adult males (224) and females (72) in 21 randomized controlled trials. During exercise, there was an increase in heart rate (HR) (mean difference (MD), 2.86 bpm, 95% CI, 2.39–3.34 bpm, I2 = 0%, p < 0.00001), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD, 9.02 mm Hg, 95% CI, 4.25–13.79 mm Hg, I2 = 0%, p = 0.0002) with consumption of CEDs, compared with controls, but diastolic blood pressure was similar. Insufficient data were available to evaluate rate pressure product (HR × SBP) and exercise-induced arrhythmia. Though changes to HR during exercise were modest, the significant increase in exercise SBP highlights the importance of directly assessing CV effects of CEDs with exercise, especially in individuals prone to hypertension.

Novelty: Exercise SBP in healthy adults is significantly increased during exercise with the consumption of CEDs compared with controls, despite limited data. The direct assessment of CV effects of CEDs with exercise highlights the particular relevance to individuals prone to hypertension.
The right to burn: barriers and opportunities for Indigenous-led fire stewardship in Canada
Authors: Hoffman Kira M. , Christianson Amy Cardinal , Dickson-Hoyle Sarah , Copes-Gerbitz Kelsey , Nikolakis William , Diabo David A. , McLeod Robin , Michell Herman J. , Mamun Abdullah Al , Zahara Alex , Mauro Nicholas , Gilchrist Joe , Ross Russell Myers , Daniels Lori D.
Published: March 2022

Indigenous fire stewardship enhances ecosystem diversity, assists with the management of complex resources, and reduces wildfire risk by lessening fuel loads. Although Indigenous Peoples have maintained fire stewardship practices for millennia and continue to be keepers of fire knowledge, significant barriers exist for re-engaging in cultural burning. Indigenous communities in Canada have unique vulnerabilities to large and high-intensity wildfires as they are predominately located in remote, forested regions and lack financial support at federal and provincial levels to mitigate wildfire risk. Therefore, it is critical to uphold Indigenous expertise in leading effective and socially just fire stewardship. In this perspective, we demonstrate the benefits of cultural burning and identify five key barriers to advancing Indigenous fire stewardship in Canada. We also provide calls to action to assist with reducing preconceptions and misinformation and focus on creating space and respect for different knowledges and experiences. Despite growing concerns over wildfire risk and agency-stated intentions to establish Indigenous Peoples as partners in wildfire management, power imbalances still exist. The future and coexistence with fire in Canada needs to be a shared responsibility and led by Indigenous Peoples within their territories.
Search for low-energy signals from fast radio bursts with the Borexino detector
Authors: Appel S. , Bagdasarian Z. , Basilico D. , Bellini G. , Benziger J. , Biondi R. , Caccianiga B. , Calaprice F. , Caminata A. , Chepurnov A. , D’Angelo D. , Derbin A. , Giacinto A. Di , Marcello V. Di , Ding X. F. , Ludovico A. Di , Noto L. Di , Drachnev I. , Franco D. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Giammarchi M. , Goretti A. , Göttel A. S. , Gromov M. , Guffanti D. , Ianni Aldo , Ianni Andrea , Jany A. , Kobychev V. , Korga G. , Kumaran S. , Laubenstein M. , Litvinovich E. , Lombardi P. , Lomskaya I. , Ludhova L. , Lukyanchenko G. , Machulin I. , Martyn J. , Meroni E. , Miramonti L. , Misiaszek M. , Muratova V. , Nugmanov R. , Oberauer L. , Orekhov V. , Ortica F. , Pallavicini M. , Pelicci L. , Penek Ö. , Pietrofaccia L. , Pilipenko N. , Pocar A. , Raikov G. , Ranalli M. T. , Ranucci G. , Razeto A. , Re A. , Redchuk M. , Rossi N. , Schönert S. , Semenov D. , Settanta G. , Skorokhvatov M. , Singhal A. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Unzhakov E. , Vishneva A. , Vogelaar R. B. , Feilitzsch F. von , Wojcik M. , Wurm M. , Zavatarelli S. , Zhutikov I. , Zuber K. , Zuzel G. ,   Borexino Collaboration
Published: March 2022

The search for neutrino events in correlation with 42 most intense fast radio bursts (FRBs) has been performed using the Borexino dataset from 05/2007 to 06/2021. We have searched for signals with visible energies above 250 keV within a time window of $$\pm \, 1000$$

±

1000

 s corresponding to detection time of a particular FRB. We also applied an alternative approach based on searching for specific shapes of neutrino-electron scattering spectra in the full exposure data of the Borexino detector. In particular, two incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the monoenergetic line and the spectrum expected from supernovae. The same spectra were considered for electron antineutrinos detected through inverse beta-decay reaction. No statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on FRB-associated neutrino fluences of all flavors have been obtained in the 0.5–50 MeV neutrino energy range.
The semi-classical limit with a delta-prime potential
Authors: Cacciapuoti Claudio , Fermi Davide , Posilicano Andrea
Published: March 2022

We consider the quantum evolution [Formula: see text] of a Gaussian coherent state [Formula: see text] localized close to the classical state [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes a self-adjoint realization of the formal Hamiltonian [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] the derivative of Dirac’s delta distribution at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] a real parameter. We show that in the semi-classical limit such a quantum evolution can be approximated (with respect to the [Formula: see text]-norm, uniformly for any [Formula: see text] away from the collision time) by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a suitable self-adjoint extension of the restriction to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], of ([Formula: see text] times) the generator of the free classical dynamics. While the operator [Formula: see text] here utilized is similar to the one appearing in our previous work [C. Cacciapuoti, D. Fermi and A. Posilicano, The semi-classical limit with a delta potential, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. 200 (2021) 453–489], in the present case the approximation gives a smaller error: it is of order [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], whereas it turns out to be of order [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], for the delta potential. We also provide similar approximation results for both the wave and scattering operators.
Absence of singular continuous spectra and embedded eigenvalues for one-dimensional quantum walks with general long-range coins
Authors: Maeda Masaya , Suzuki Akito , Wada Kazuyuki
Published: March 2022

This paper is a continuation of work by the third author, which studied quantum walks with special long-range perturbations of the coin operator. In this paper, we consider general long-range perturbations of the coin operator and prove the non-existence of a singular continuous spectrum and embedded eigenvalues. The proof relies on the gauge transformation and construction of generalized eigenfunctions (Jost solutions) which was studied in the short-range case.
Fabrication and characterization of Ni–Fe–P–TiO2 nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Pan , Chen Jiahuan , He Zhen , Wu Mingfang
Published: March 2022

This study develops the Ni–Fe–P–TiO2 nanocomposite coatings via an electroless deposition process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the coating structures. Hardness and wear tests were conducted to measure the coating’s mechanical performance, and polarization curves were recorded to evaluate the corrosion behavior. The results show that the TiO2 nanoparticles are incorporated into the coatings. The proper addition of TiO2 refines the coating surface morphology without changing the coating phase constituents. The best mechanical and corrosion performance is obtained for the 0.5-g/L modified Ni–Fe–P–TiO2 sample, owing to its compact surface feature and well-dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles.
Sol-enhanced electroplating of nickel–ferrum–phosphorus–titanium oxide coatings: Structures, compositions, and performance
Authors: Chen Jiahuan , Pan Zhang , Jiang Songtao , Wang Yuxin , Liu Wei
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the Ni–Fe–P–TiO2 coatings with different TiO2 sol addition have been prepared by a sol-enhanced electroplating process. The microstructures and elemental compositions of prepared coatings were systematically characterized. The coating performance including mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were investigated. The results show that the proper addition of 10 mL/L TiO2 sol slightly refines the surface morphology, while a much higher 50 mL/L TiO2 sol addition causes a relatively nonuniform surface. The much-improved mechanical and corrosion performance is achieved by adding 10 mL/L TiO2 sol, due to the strengthening effect by the well-dispersed nanoparticles and the compact, uniform surface structure. The wear tests confirm that abrasive wear dominates in the sample modified by 10 mL/L TiO2 sol, while adhesion is the primary type for other samples.
Novel multiple soliton and front wave solutions for the 3D-Vakhnenko–Parkes equation
Authors: Özkan Yeşim Sağlam , Yaşar Emrullah , Osman M. S.
Published: March 2022

The multiple exp-function technique, as an extension to Hirota’s perturbation algorithm, is employed to find N-soliton solutions of the 3D Vakhnenko–Parkes (3D-VP) equation. This is a straightforward and effective alternative method. Consequently, one- two- and three-soliton solutions besides the front wave solutions and their wave numbers are obtained, which are completely distinct from the other published literature. 3D and density plots were investigated via the help of the Maple package program by suitably choosing the free parameters in the solutions. Further, the physical meaning for these solutions is clarified. We mention that the propagation of high-frequency waves in a relaxing medium can be investigated by discussing the dynamical behavior of the obtained solutions for the 3D-VP equation.