bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Crude Palm Oil Quality Eligibility Using Support Vector Machine Algorithm
Authors: Rafiqah Intan Nur , Sriani Sriani
Published: August 2024

In this research, a quality classification of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) produced by PT. PP London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk. In this research, the parameters for CPO quality are the levels of VM (Water), DIRT (Dirt), FFA (Free Fatty Acid). Use of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to classify the suitability of Crude Palm Oil quality using machine learning methods as CPO quality parameter data for training. Using the SVM algorithm as a classification method has the advantage of handling complex and high-dimensional data, so it can be a new contribution in analyzing the feasibility of CPO quality. The aim of this research is to apply the Support Vector Machine algorithm in classifying CPO quality and apply the use of the Support Vector Machine algorithm with Google Colab Python Notebooks in determining the quality of palm oil (CPO). The research method used in this research is a descriptive method with qualitative analysis, data obtained through data collection is then interpreted in accordance with the research objectives that have been formulated and obtained through interviews. Based on the results of testing the CPO quality classification application using the Support Vector Machine algorithm with Google Colab Python Notebooks tools, it can be concluded that the application can carry out CPO quality classification with a dataset of 3 measurement results in 2020, 2021 and 2022 totaling 1,095 records. The test results carried out a training dataset of 70% or 730 training data and 365 testing data with an accuracy value of 84.15%.
Transmedia Migration of Squid Game, from Netflix to Bilibili, by Chinese Fan Communities: A Digital Ethnographic Study
Authors: Bu Jiahua
Published: August 2024

Although fan cultures highlighting active audience engagement is prevalent in East Asia, the process and impact of such engagement have not been thoroughly explored in the literature. This study adopted a digital ethnographic approach to examine the fan-driven migration of the Korean television series Squid Game from Netflix to the Chinese online space, focusing on its spread on Bilibili. Despite the lack of access to Netflix, and thereby to the televised Squid Game series, under the country’s censorship policies, Chinese fans reutilized and repurposed elements from the series obtained from various social media and other platforms and released a significant number of fan-made videos on Bilibili. In doing so, they created new meanings and connections and facilitate the international cross-cultural spread of audiovisual artifacts. This study includes time as a factor to study audience engagement and uses the metaphor of ripples in a pool to describe the changing focus of altered audience engagement over time. Social media platforms are described as ecosystem life cycles that decompose and reuse uploaded audiovisual materials.
ELISA: A Tool for Optimization of Rotor Hover Performance at Low Reynolds Number in the Mars Atmosphere
Authors: Koning Witold J.F. , Perez B. Natalia Perez , Cummings Haley V. , Romander Ethan A. , Johnson Wayne
Published: August 2024

The Evolutionary aLgorithm for Iterative Studies of Aeromechanics (ELISA) was developed in support of the Rotorcraft Optimization for the Advancement of Mars eXploration (ROAMX) project. ELISA was developed to enable aerodynamic rotor hover optimization for low Reynolds number flows
in the Mars atmosphere. The first module of the algorithm allows for unconventional airfoil parameterization and multiobjective airfoil geometry optimization using OVERFLOW. The Pareto-optimal airfoil sets are converted to a set of Pareto-optimal airfoil decks, providing the lowest drag airfoil
geometry for each angle of attack. The second module allows for rotor geometry optimization with simultaneous maximization of blade loading and minimization of rotor power using the comprehensive analysis CAMRADII. The result is a Pareto-optimal rotor set, providing the lowest power rotor
for each attainable blade loading, and one of the first tools for hover-optimized rotors for high-subsonic low Reynolds number conditions. The airfoil thickness can be modified after the airfoil optimization is complete, allowing for a post-airfoil optimization adjustment of blade thickness
to facilitate conforming to external structural analysis requirements. The relevance of the code is demonstrated with case studies for the ROAMX rotor optimization for Ingenuity-sized single rotors in the Mars atmosphere and a performance study optimizing the chord and twist of Ingenuity’s
coaxial rotor resulting in the Sample Recovery Helicopters candidate rotor.
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome: A prospective study at a tertiary health-care center
Authors: Nanda Priyadarsini , Behera Sharmistha , Behera Sulin Kumar , Naik Madhumita , Sunanda R Sai
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome can be fatal if there is delay in diagnosis and discontinuation of causative drug. It is commonly linked with anticonvulsants and antibiotics. Understanding typical ocular manifestations can aid in early diagnosis and treatment. The main aim of this study is to provide an overview of common ocular manifestations of DRESS syndrome along with identifying the medications responsible and determining age and gender predilection.

Methods:

This is a 2-year observational study from June 2018 to June 2020. 37 patients recruited from ophthalmology OPD were thoroughly examined, and diagnosed in consultation with the microbiology and dermatology departments. Data required were collected by systematic examination of medical records. Patients diagnosed with DRESS syndrome having redness, itching, watering of eyes, diminision of vision, lid swelling, discharge, pain, and foreign body sensation were included in the study. Patients with no drug history, immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions, steven- Johnson syndrome were excluded.

Results:

Common ocular manifestations observed were tarsitis (14%), madarosis (12%), ulcerative blepharitis (10%) and conjunctivitis (10%), squamous blepharitis and keratoconjunctivitis (9%) along with other rare findings. Common triggering drugs were anti tubercular treatment (46%), carbamazepine (24%), dapsone (5%), antibiotics (11%). Mean age group affected was 42.05 years with peak between 11-20 years and slight female preponderance of 54%, with males being 46%.

Conclusion:

Knowing common ocular manifestations of DRESS syndrome and the drugs triggering is crucial in preventing serious consequences. Though treatment is supportive and steroids, key is to withdraw the causative drug early.
Multimodal imaging in eyes with angioid streaks: A retrospective, observational study
Authors: Jacob Ninan , Sahoo Niroj Kumar , Padhy Srikanta Kumar
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Early detection of angioid streaks (ASs) is important as it may lead to the diagnosis of life-threatening conditions such as Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, sickle cell disease, and Paget’s disease. This study aims to analyze multimodal imaging features and frequencies of various fundus findings associated with AS.

Methods:

This was a retrospective, observational, two-center study, in eyes with a diagnosis of AS. Consecutive patients of Angioid streaks were included in the study. Demographic data, best-corrected visual acuity, and various imaging characteristics on fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) were used for analysis.

Results:

A total of 64 eyes of 32 patients, with a mean age of 50.5 ± 10.9 years, were included. Common fundus findings associated with AS included Peau d’orange appearance (100%), macular neovascularization (MNV) (70%), punched-out chorioretinal atrophy (CRA) patches (56%), and diffuse CRA patch (6%). OCT picked up areas of patchy outer retinal loss (88%), MNV, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) nodularity (56%), and diffuse choroidal/RPE thinning. Eyes with MNV had a thinner choroid than those without MNV. OCTA showed varied degrees of choriocapillaris void areas in all eyes.

Conclusions:

Our study describes various clinical findings associated with AS along with their multimodal imaging features. MNV was found to be a very common complication of AS, which commonly presented with a thinner choroid.
Vacuum-assisted levitation of posteriorly dislocated cataract lens
Authors: Mishra Chitaranjan , Damodaran Sourav , Kannan Naresh Babu
Published: August 2024

We describe a technique that uses 23 G pars plana vitrectomy without using fragmatome or perfluorocarbon liquid to manage a posteriorly dislocated cataract lens. The vacuum of the vitrector is used to levitate the lens up to the iris plane and then it is delivered using a wire-Vectis through a sclerocorneal tunnel. Subsequently, scleral fixation of an intraocular lens is performed.
Impact of Urbanization, Development Level, and Openness on Institutions in Bangladesh: An ARDL Investigation Using Two Measures of Institutional Quality
Authors: Toufique Mohammad Mokammel Karim
Published: August 2024

Future development policies require a better understanding of the various factors that affect the quality of institutions in Bangladesh. In this paper, we estimate empirical ARDL models to investigate the roles of urbanization, openness, and the level of development as determinants of institutional quality. We use two measures of institutional quality, both derived from the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGIs). The first proxy, INQ, is a composite index developed from the six WGIs using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The second indicator, AvgINQ, is the average of the six WGIs. For each indicator of institutional quality, three models were estimated, resulting in six models in total. The impact of urbanization on institutional quality is consistent in terms of sign and significance across all six models, a claim that cannot be made for the other variables in the model. The error correction term reflects dampening convergence to equilibrium for the first proxy for institutional quality but regular convergence when the second proxy is used. In terms of ARDL diagnostics, models with AvgINQ as the dependent variable perform better. The Johansen cointegration test confirms the existence of a long-term relationship among the variables in all the models. Pairwise Granger causality tests are also conducted. The findings emphasize the importance of managing urbanization pressure for better institutional quality.
Transitivity Analysis of Luh Ayu Manik's Narrative Text: Unveiling Character and Action Dynamics
Authors: Suari A. A. Pt. , Artawa I Ketut , Sudewa I Ketut , Aryawibawa Nyoman
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the depiction of characters in the narrative text Luh Ayu Manik – Tresna ring Alas through the application of transitivity processes within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research analyzes various linguistic processes—including Material, Mental, Relational, Behavioral, and Verbal—to examine how these processes portray the main character and supporting characters. The findings reveal that Luh Ayu Manik is depicted as proactive and courageous through Material processes, introspective and empathetic through Mental processes, and responsible and caring through Relational processes. Her perseverance is emphasized through Behavioral processes, while her leadership is demonstrated through Verbal processes. Additionally, the analysis uncovers the complex roles of supporting characters such as Made Anjasmara and Ketut Suprabawa Kabinawa, who are portrayed as brave and strategic in their actions. Meanwhile, the antagonistic characters, the thieves, are depicted through destructive actions and complex emotional responses, highlighting their role as significant threats to the environment. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of character development and narrative dynamics, demonstrating the effectiveness of transitivity analysis in uncovering detailed character attributes and interactions.
Impact of Estrus Response and Pregnancy Rate of Two Cows That are Injected with Prostaglandin F2α Hormone in the System Maintenance is Different to Livestock Farming
Authors: Siregar Nur Asyiah , Umar Sayed , Handarini Ristika
Published: August 2024

Livestock farming is an effort to breed livestock to obtain benefits or results in the form of products and income. The success of a livestock business depends on three elements commonly referred to as the production triangle, namely seeds, feed, and management. In addition, the techno-socioeconomic characteristics of livestock farmers greatly influence the development of livestock businesses and will later affect the income of livestock farmers. The aim of the research was to examine the injection of the prostaglandin F2α hormone on the estrus response and pregnancy in Ongole crossbreed and Simental crossbreed cows reared using intensive and semi-intensive rearing systems. The data obtained will be analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there is a real effect, continue with further testing with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of research on the percentage of estrus after the first and second injection of the prostaglandin hormone can be seen in the table. The highest percentage of estrus was in the S1P2 treatment with a percentage value of 80% and the lowest percentage value was in the S2P1 and S2P2 treatments with a percentage value of 40%. The percentage of estrus after the second injection, the percentage value for all treatments increased and the percentage of estrus was highest in the S1P2 treatment with a value of 100%. The average value of onset of estrus after the second injection of the PGF2α hormone was lower than the first injection. The longest duration of estrus in the treatment after the first PGF2α hormone injection was in the S1P2 treatment with an average of 24.75 hours, while the longest duration of estrus in the treatment after the second PGF2α hormone injection was in the S2P1 treatment with an average of 25 hours. PO cattle and Simental crossbreeds injected with PGF2α gave no different estrous responses. Intensive and semi-intensive rearing systems provide no different estrous responses. Raising PO cows using a semi-intensive rearing system injected with PGF2α provides an estrous response and high pregnancy rates (60), to be one of techniques to breed cattle of PO cow and have good impact to the success of a livestock business
The Influence of Inclusive Brand Image in Indonesian Cosmetic Products on Customer Loyalty
Authors:   School of Business and Management (ITB) Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung, Steva Ong Rufina , Zaim Ilma Aulia ,   School of Business and Management (ITB) Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung, Hudrasyah Herry ,   School of Business and Management (ITB) Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung
Published: August 2024

In recent years, cosmetic brands in Indonesia have shifted their marketing strategies to emphasize inclusivity, aiming to foster stronger customer loyalty. This shift includes the portrayal of diverse beauty standards and the inclusion of a wide range of skin tones and types in their product lines. Prior studies have demonstrated that an inclusive brand image significantly boosts brand trust and customer satisfaction. The research investigates the influence of an inclusive brand image in Indonesia’s cosmetic products on customer loyalty, focusing specifically on Generation Z consumers. By employing a quantitative research methodology, data was collected using online surveys distributed to 201 respondents aged 12-27 years. The study aims to explore the relationship between inclusive brand image and brand trust, customer satisfaction, and loyalty within the context of the Indonesian cosmetics market. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and PLS-SEM. The findings indicate that an inclusive brand image positively influences brand trust and customer satisfaction, which subsequently strengthen customer loyalty. Findings from this research are anticipated to provide insights that can help local cosmetic brands enhance their inclusive marketing strategies, thereby fostering a sense of acceptance and belonging among their diverse customer base and driving customer loyalty.
Inclusive pre-sentencing reports for children who conflict with the law: Applying and executing section 71 of the Child Justice Act
Authors: Human Maryna , Geoffrey Leandré C , Lazarus Theophilus
Published: August 2024

Despite the progressive nature of the Child Justice Act (CJA) to uphold the best interest principle of all children who come into conflict with the law, s 71(1) and (2) of the CJA that outlines the pre-sentencing evaluation reports required for sentencing, fail to meet and uphold this objective. This is of particular importance given the multi-complex and multi-faceted advancements in scientific findings regarding the development of criminal behaviour in children. This paper reviewed and concluded the following key aspects pertinent to the execution of pre-sentencing reports: (1) practitioners are not provided with clear guidelines specifying key factors that need emphasis in the pre-sentence reports; (2) practitioners are often inexperienced in child development (brain and psychological) processes and lack the requisite knowledge and skills in crime causation to compile the reports; and (3) the best interest principle is hampered by a severe staffing problem, heavy workloads, and tight timeframes governing the compilation and submission of reports. This submission was primarily influenced by the findings from research that explored and subsequently developed an action plan for criminologists with a view toward specialisation in child justice. A literature review and analysis of pre-existing findings from the aforesaid research, coupled with reviews of academic literature from various academic scientific sources formed the basis of the arguments presented in this submission.
Barcoding banknotes: Moving towards a system addressing cash anonymity in money laundering and terrorist financing operations
Authors: Jansen van Vuren Ruann
Published: August 2024

The anonymity in cash transactions present a significant hurdle in financial crime prevention. The central issue in addressing illicit cashflows lies in the difficulty to distinguish between licit and illicit cashflows amongst countless daily cash transactions. Addressing the issue poses the challenge of identifying a balance between an extreme of total surveillance, which can impinge on freedoms and disrupt cash-dependant economies, and total inaction, which allows illicit flows to persist. Between these two extremes lie various middle paths, some more effective than others in striking the required balance. Through an examination of the historical landscape of money laundering, the evolution of countermeasures, and the exploitation of gaps by criminals, a technologically advanced solution is proposed. In this regard, the implementation of traceable barcodes on banknotes aims to enhance transparency and traceability in financial dealings. A barcoded system is an innovative strategy to tackle money laundering and terrorist financing. This article assesses the viability, potential impacts and challenges of this system in policy formulation and economic frameworks, contributing to the discourse on enhancing anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing measures.
Enhancing the criminal justice response to human trafficking in South Africa: Legislation and case law in the spotlight
Authors: Kruger Beatri
Published: August 2024

Human traffickers continually develop new tactics to trick and trap their victims, making human trafficking a complex and evolving crime that demands a robust criminal justice response. This response must be consistently refined to combat this pervasive crime effectively. In South Africa, the Prevention and Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act 7 of 2013 (Trafficking Act) came into force in 2015 to address the multifaceted crime. Now, after eight years, this article delves into the status of the counter-trafficking response, focusing on the efficacy of the anti-trafficking legislation and its implementation by the courts. It was found that, first, the Trafficking Act, as previously confirmed, complies with international minimum standards, and encompasses all forms of trafficking. Secondly, through the implementation and interpretation of this legislation, the courts have established jurisprudence on human trafficking, making a significant contribution to the criminal justice response. By reviewing case law spanning the period 2009 to 2023, this article aims to contribute novel insights to the existing body of knowledge, based on evidence tested in courts. Examining emerging case law, the article sheds light on various features of human trafficking within the criminal justice arena. It focuses specifically on the gravity and nature of human trafficking, penalties imposed by the courts, both domestic and cross-border trafficking, and new insights into various types of trafficking perpetrated within South Africa. Notably, court judgments increasingly offer binding and clarifying decisions. Case law has endorsed the only legally binding definition of human trafficking and provided interpretations of concepts in trafficking legislation. However, alongside the positive contributions of case law, the article also identifies legislative challenges. Consequently, recommendations are presented to enhance and fortify the criminal justice response to human trafficking in South Africa.
The Prosecutor v Dominic Ongwen case before the International Criminal Court: A Twail-er’s perspective
Authors: Mushoriwa Linda
Published: August 2024

This paper explores whether the International Criminal Court (ICC or ‘the court’) has lived up to the expectation of being an effective and universal mechanism of international criminal justice and accountability, by using the judgment of the Prosecutor v Dominic Ongwen as a case study. Ongwen was convicted by the court’s Trial Chamber (TC) IX in February 2021, on 61 charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity perpetrated in Northern Uganda between July 2002 and December 2005, and sentenced to 25 years’ imprisonment. The Appeals Chamber (AC) confirmed both the conviction and sentence in a judgment rendered on 15 December 2022. It will be argued from a Third World approaches to international law (TWAIL) perspective, that the court missed an opportunity to improve its institutional legitimacy, considering the legitimacy deficit stemming from claims by African states that the ICC is biased against Africa. The paper will also argue that the court missed an opportunity to improve its own decision-making by expanding its source material to include sources from the Global South.
Recent Case: General principles and specific offences
Authors: van der Linde Delano
Published: August 2024

None
Recent Case: Law of evidence
Authors: Whitear-Nel Nicola
Published: August 2024

None
IQTISODIYOTNI RAQAMLASHTIRISH SHAROITIDA BUXGALTERIYA DASTURINING AFZALLIKLARI VA KAMCHILIKLARI
Authors: Razzaqova Durdona
Published: August 2024

Ushbu maqolada muallif tomonidan iqtisodiyotni raqamlashtirish sharoitida buxgalteriya dasturining afzalliklari va kamchiliklari oʻrganish amalga oshirilgan. Maqolaning asosiy maqsadi sifatida bugungi kunda asosiy foydalanishda boʻlgan buxgalteriya dasturining afzalliklari va kamchiliklari tahlil etish hamda shu orqali muallif xulosalarini shakllantirishdan iborat.
XX АСРНИНГ 20-30 ЙИЛЛАРИДА МАҲАЛЛИЙ ТАРАҚҚИЙПАРВАРЛАР ТОМОНИДАН ИҚТИДОРЛИ ЁШЛАРНИ ГЕРМАНИЯГА ЎҚИШГА ЮБОРИЛИШНИНГ ТАШКИЛ ҚИЛИНИШИ
Authors: Жабборова Ойдина
Published: August 2024

Ушбу мақолада XX асрнинг бошларида Туркистон ўлкасида маҳаллий тараққийпарвар зиёлилар томонидан Германияда ўқиш учун билимли ёшларни жўнатишни ташкил этиш борасида амалга оширилган саъй-ҳаракатлар, ташкилий ишлар ёритилган. Шунингдек, иқтидорли ёшларни саралаш жараёнлари, уларни сафарга жўнатиш билан боғлиқ бўлган сарф-харажатларни қоплаш борасидаги қийинчиликлар ҳамда совет ҳокимиятининг муносабати билан боғлиқ масалалар ҳам акс эттирилган.
МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ОЦЕНКИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТ ПРЯМЫХ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ НА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ РОСТ
Authors: Шадманов Эркин
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматриваются научно-методологические основы процессов, связанных с оценкой влияния детерминант прямых иностранных инвестиций на экономический рост. В целях совершенствования методологии оценки влияния детерминант прямых иностранных инвестиций на экономический рост на основе авторского подхода сформированы научные и практические рекомендации о возможностях совершенствования отношений с прямыми иностранными инвестициями.
ДАВЛАТ ТИББИЁТ ТАШКИЛОТЛАРИНИ БЮДЖЕТДАН МОЛИЯЛАШТИРИШ ЖАРАЁНИ ТАҲЛИЛИНИНГ НАЗАРИЙ-УСЛУБИЙ ЖИҲАТЛАРИ
Authors: Кулибоев Азамат
Published: August 2024

Ушбу мақолада давлат тиббиёт ташкилотларини бюджетдан молиялаштиришни таҳлил қилишнинг назарий ва услубий жиҳатлари кўриб чиқилган. Давлат тиббиёт ташкилотларини бюджетдан молиялаштириш тамойиллари илмий асосланган. Шунингдек, мақолада давлат тиббиёт ташкилотларини бюджетдан молиялаштириш таҳлилининг мажбурий усуллари очиб берилган.
YASHIL IQTISODIYOTGA OʻTISHDA QAYTA TIKLANUVCHI ENERGIGA MANBALARINING OʻRNI
Authors: Muminova Elnorahon , Uraimjonov Azizbek
Published: August 2024

Maqolada mamlakatimizning barqaror iqtisodiy oʻsishini ta’minlashda QTEMlar va ularning oʻrni, ulardan foydalanish, ijtimoiy va uy-joy kommunal xizmat koʻrsatish sohalarida hamda iqtisodiyot tarmoqlarida qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalarini keng joriy etish, energiya samaradorligini oshirish orqali respublika hududlarida energiya taqchilligi qoplanishini ta’minlash masalalari yoritilgan.  “Yashil” iqtisodiyotga oʻtish “yashil” oʻsishni ta’minlash maqasadida qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalaridan foydalanish zarurati asoslangan. Shuningdek,  2000 - 2022 yillarda elektr energiya ishlab chiqarish dinamikasi tahlil qilingan.
КИЧИК БИЗНЕСНИ МОЛИЯ-КРЕДИТ МЕХАНИЗМЛАРИ ОРҚАЛИ ҚЎЛЛАБ-ҚУВВАТЛАШ ЙЎНАЛИШЛАРИ
Authors: Эргашев Отамурод
Published: August 2024

Бугунги кунда иқтисодиётнинг локал тармоқларидан саналган кичик бизнес субъектларини қўллаб-қувватлаш ва шу орқали миллий иқтисодиётдаги қатор муаммоларни ечимига барҳам бериш анча долзарб масалалардан бирига айланиб бормоқда. Шунингдек, уларнинг фаолиятига тўсиқ бўлувчи молиявий ресурсларнинг етишмаслиги, кредит фоиз ставкаларининг юқорилиги ва бошқа сабаблар олдини олиш бўйича хулоса ва таклифлар ишлаб чиқиш ҳам мақсадга мувофиқдир. Мақола ана шу долзарб масалалар назарий ва амалий тахлилига бағишланган.
DAVLAT BOSHQARUVI TIZIMINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA LOYIHA BOSHQARUVI STANDARTLARI INTEGRATSIYASI
Authors: Isaqova Zebo
Published: August 2024

Hozirda Oʻzbekistonda davlat xizmatinig bir turi boʻlgan fuqarolik xizmati sohasidagi munosabatlarni, ya’ni davlat organlari va tashkilotlari oʻrta boʻgʻinlari xodimlarining ishini tartibga solishga oid islohotlar amalga oshirilayotgan boʻlsa-da, unda davlat fuqarolik xizmatining davlat xizmatining boshqa turlaridan qanday farq qilishi, fikrimizcha, juda aniq emas. Davlat fuqarolik asosiy prinsiplari tushuntirilmagan, davlat xizmatining uzviy qismi boʻlgan xalqqa xizmat qilish tushunchasi yetarlicha ta’riflanmagan. Maqolada aynan mana shu masalalar tahlil qilingan.
A Study of the August Revolution of 1945 and its Impact on Colonial French and Japanese Rule in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Quynh Anh
Published: August 2024

The August Revolution of 1945 posed a significant challenge to colonial French and Japanese rule in Vietnam. This paper aims to examine the extent of this challenge and its impact on the dynamics of power in the region. Through an analysis of historical events and primary sources, the paper seeks to shed light on the revolutionary forces at play and their role in shaping the trajectory of Vietnam's struggle for independence.  The August Revolution of 1945 challenged French and Japanese colonial rule through long-term planning, internal support, OSS influence, and the establishment of an independent government by the Viet Minh guerrilla troops. The Vietnamese people took advantage of the power vacuum left by the Japanese coup d'état against French officials in Indochina. This, combined with the determination and anticolonial spirit of the Vietnamese people, led to the success of the August Revolution. The Viet Minh further consolidated their power by garnering support from the rural population and receiving military aid and training from the United States OSS.
Harnessing natural killer cells engineering for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hao Yunshu , Andersson Tara
Published: August 2024

The use of genetically modified immune cells for cancer therapy is one of the most significant achievements in biotechnology in recent years. Although currently approved cell therapies are dominated by CAR-T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, with their unique cancer killing properties and safety of use, set the stage for the development of more convenient allogeneic therapies. Herein, we reviewed the challenges and strategies in harnessing NK cells for cancer immunotherapy. Various sources for NK cell acquisition are discussed, and genetic engineering methods, including retroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, and non-viral transfection, are explored. NK cells have the potential to address limitations associated with CAR-T therapy, and the paper addresses the need for innovative solutions to overcome technical hurdles associated with NK cell immunotherapy.
Machine Learning Techniques for Biometric Unsupervised Gaze Estimation in ADHD Screening
Authors: Jung Yaejoon , Moon Eunju
Published: August 2024

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent challenges in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, significantly impacting daily functioning and developmental trajectories. The traditional ADHD diagnostic process typically involves comprehensive assessments conducted by healthcare professionals, such as psychologists, psychiatrists, or pediatricians. These assessments rely heavily on subjective observations and reports from various sources. However, this approach is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often requires multiple appointments which makes it a resource-intensive process. To address this issue, I propose an unsupervised learning-based gaze estimation system for the screening of ADHD. The proposed system takes eye images as input and generates gaze vectors which indicate the individual's current focal point. By aggregating these gaze vectors over a specific time series, the system can identify abnormalities in the gaze patterns which facilitate the early screening of ADHD. Comprehensive experiments have shown the superiority of the proposed system over previous methods. The experimental results also confirm the feasibility of utilizing the proposed method as a biometric for screening ADHD.
Medical 3D Printing: Techniques, Advances, Applications, Challenges, and Regulatory Implications
Authors: Venkat Dyuti
Published: August 2024

3D printing is transforming the medical field. This publication covers its essence, applications, regulations, and challenges. We discuss its origins, advantages, patient-specific products, and regulatory insights. We also explore biological material printing, organ transplantation, and drug research. This technology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, but further research and collaboration are needed.
A summary of autoimmune disease triggers
Authors: Li Connie
Published: August 2024

Autoimmunity is a condition characterized by an imbalance in the immune system, where the immune system begins to attack the body’s tissues, leading to inflammation and damage to organs and tissues. Autoimmune diseases do not have a precise cause and are known for their various triggers. Many studies have been conducted to observe the causes of autoimmunity, but due to the wide variety of autoimmune diseases, it is difficult to study all of them. In this review, we will be discussing the different triggers of autoimmune diseases in general.
MTWSI-Net: Towards Improved Multi-Task Whole Slide Image Classification with Contrastive Learning
Authors: Hwang Sean
Published: August 2024

Pathology is a digital technology for the capture and analysis of high-resolution Whole Slide Images (WSIs). WSI entails scanning glass pathology slides, typically containing tissue samples, into a digital format. This facilitates comprehensive digital viewing, analysis, and interpretation by pathologists. Despite the undeniable utility of this method, the inherent time-consuming and labor-intensive nature of traditional pathology image analysis, which is heavily reliant on expert pathologists, is well-known. Recent years have seen a surge in research aiming to address these challenges through the development of automated systems using machine learning approaches. While promising, such systems often exhibit bias towards specific datasets and struggle to transition effectively to real-world scenarios. For this reason, there is a need to establish a uniform machine learning training approach for generating more robust and consistent results. In this paper, I introduce a contrastive learning-based multi-task whole slide image classification system. The proposed system excels at extracting consistently reliable features for identical cancer categories, thereby enhancing accuracy in downstream tasks. Through extensive experiments, the results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms pre-existing state-of-the-art machine learning models. I expect that the proposed system can significantly contribute to pathologists by offering valuable cancer screening capabilities in WSIs.
Risk Management With S&P 500 Stock Price Regression Forecast
Authors: He Anna
Published: August 2024

For short-term stock market traders who trade with large amounts of capital within a short time frame, having the analytical tool to predict stock price is crucial for the risk management and planning of entry and exit. While retail traders rely on the visualizations of technical indicators to anticipate general price direction and trend lines to estimate areas of concentrated demand or supply, multiple regression modeling uses known quantifiable indices whose functions are based on historical prices of an equity to yield a concise price prediction. This study aims to build an accessible and accurate model for retail traders without advanced software. In order to do that, we must optimize the quality of forecast while minimizing the number of independent variables. Through multiple linear regression and forward stepwise regression, we isolated 3 key variables – the daily closing price, Nasdaq 10-day moving average, and the Dow intraday average – which, when combined again in multiple regression, would produce a model with a multiple-R of 0.9995 and a low standard error of 2.44556268.
That is What Most of Us Fail to Remember: Politics as a Neutralizing Game World Designed by Elites
Authors: Breidenstein Solis Kyara Maria , Campos Hernández Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Concepts such as political framing and elite capture have never been thought of as part of the humanitarian foundation of politics. This is, however, not true of identity politics. Christened in 1977 by the Combahee River Collective, identity politics was originally meant to enable a group, composed mainly of black feminist women, to build their own political agenda. Striving to see the full complexity of their values and priorities leveled with those of other political movements, identity politics was looking to reveal limitations from inside groups and widen the scale and scope of problems tackled. Unity was meant to guide society towards a better world. Nevertheless, presently, identity politics often represents a normalized separation between societies whose identities are defined by past history. No longer meant to strengthen the voices of the unheard, it has become a political tool for those exercising significant impact on the political discourse of the present. Similarly, the integrities of both values and religion have, over time, subsided to power as well. With the basic foundations of the world's politics hijacked, a race against time has begun as society's justifications for climbing over people and exploiting the planet's limited resources have driven it to the verge of a disbalance so grave it might prove impossible to reverse. Thereupon, this text aims to analyze the scope of this twisted use of politics, explore activism as a countereffect, and examine the development of society under what can be defined as a never-ending match between "dark" and "light."
A Comparative Study of Religious Scriptures Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Goel Pramit , Arsiwala Rashida
Published: August 2024

Over the past few years, Natural Language Processing (“NLP”) has emerged as a powerful tool and has enabled computational analysis of texts by offering insights into the subtleties of language, emotion, and thematic frameworks. This research paper employs NLP strategies such as topic modelling and sentiment analysis to compare translations of three religious scriptures: the Bhagavad Gita representing Hinduism, Quran representing Islam and the Bible representing Christianity. Before carrying out the tests, text was pre-processed and cleaned to ensure that the most optimum results were obtained. Topic modelling uses algorithms such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation to find prominent themes while sentiment analysis makes use of an NLTK VADER sentiment module ‘Sentiment Analyzer’ to interpret emotional undertones in text. This research paper finds that the texts share similar views on topics such as generosity, devotion to God among others and have differing opinions on themes including sacrifice and violence. It is also interesting to note that while the religions of the Bhagavad Gita and Quran (Hinduism and Islam respectively) have been pitted against each other for centuries in countries such as India, they share several similar principles and ideologies.
The Digital Divide
Authors: Du Yukun
Published: August 2024

Looking at the path the development of artificial intelligence (AI) has taken so far, it’s evident that it has and will continue to revolutionize our lives heavily. However, the widespread adoption of artificially intelligent technology also brings profound ethical concerns about its use and development. This essay delves into the historical underpinnings of AI ethics, highlighting its origins in philosophical inquiry and tracing the consequential shifts in focus over time. Grounded in this historical context, the essay examines eight ethical conflicts that pervade various AI applications - emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches, global cooperation, and contextual understanding to address these complex challenges responsibly. In pursuit of a future where AI aligns with human values and promotes well-being, the essay finally proposes a way forward that builds upon ethical AI principles, regulation, and multi-stakeholder engagement as the cornerstone of ethical AI development and deployment.
An action plan to prevent deforestation of the Amazon rainforest ecosystem
Authors: Pachava Rishika , Iyer Ram
Published: August 2024

With the Amazon rainforest providing many critical ecosystem services, urgent steps are needed to prevent the devastating effects of deforestation. This plan of action prioritizes Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru given their high deforestation rates and areas of cleared land. This timeline-based plan proposes cattle ranch optimization, sustainable agriculture, monitored infrastructure expansion, indigenous community engagement and the use of technology to combat cattle ranch expansion, agricultural sprawl, and the spread of infrastructure. Indigenous people are essential for this proposal as they possess knowledge necessary for protecting the forests. The preservation of their culture and way of living is directly connected to the land they live on, so they should be a part of every component.
Motivation, Value, Challenges, and Solutions of Women Entrepreneurs in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Midori
Published: August 2024

Despite the fast-growing number of women-owned businesses, research has continuously shown that they remain less profitable and smaller than men’s. The study aims to determine the value, motivation, challenges, and possible solutions of female entrepreneurs in Taiwan. An online survey was distributed to 50 female entrepreneurs in Taiwan. The result indicates that most of them found their businesses due to their need for independence. They value supporting their families and customer feedback more than money earned. The most commonly seen issues they face include lack of experience and funds. A more well-rounded and accessible education system is suggested by half of the participants to be a good solution. These data provide a good insight into the motivation and value of female entrepreneurs in Taiwan. Also, it provides the challenges they faced with possible solutions, which can be used for future direction toward narrowing the performance gap between female and male-owned companies. Further research is needed to determine how effective each suggested solution is.
CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing: An Approach to Prevent Hereditary Cancers
Authors: McKay Cayla
Published: August 2024

Mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes can give rise to a variety of genetic cancers. The use of CRISPR/Cas9 can be applicable in the prevention of these cancers through the knockout of oncogenes and the upregulation of tumor-suppressor genes. This paper proposes this use of the technology by reviewing previous research and successes of CRISPR in treating genetic diseases and the application of those methods to preventing cancer. CRISPR/Cas9 can alter mutated DNA; in the case of oncogenes, CRISPR/Cas9 would restore the cell’s ability to grow and divide, while it would restore the tumor-suppressor gene’s ability to induce apoptosis. This paper also discusses the limitations of this technology, including off-target effects and the delivery of CRISPR into cells.
The Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Jin Abigail , Tosato Diana
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer screening is traditionally administered by radiologists through mammography. Most women should be receiving mammograms once they reach their 40s to detect any signs of cancer early, especially those with high risk. Recently, the development of AI in medicine has proven to be useful in several fields, one of which is breast cancer screening. This literature review looks into the current status of AI in this field and evaluates different models of different types that could contribute to diagnosing breast cancer. The methodology used was searching key terms on the database PubMed, and then compiling and organizing papers into a table that highlighted similar results, which were summarized and analyzed. It was found that AI has the potential to be an accessible option. Deep learning, in particular, has seen the most experimentation. The advantages of using this technology include using it as a complementary tool for double reading, improving the time efficiency for the radiologists without losing accuracy, and its inclusivity throughout all populations. However, there are still limitations because many proposals themselves discuss the work that needs to be done before they can be generalized. External validation studies haven’t yielded ideal results, exposing the complications of using AI. Ethics of using this technology are also important to consider because AI is replacing human tasks. Implementing AI in a prominent role in breast cancer screening should take more examination, but promising developments have already set the framework.
TrashNet: An object detection model that classifies images of trash in real-time
Authors: Veeravadivel Santhanalakshmi Veerrohit , Nguyen Hieu
Published: August 2024

Global warming and pollution are huge problems today. One of the main factors behind these two problems is plastic pollution. As plastic takes millennia to decompose, an estimated 270,000 tons of plastic are floating around our oceans, which is too much to be considered “safe.” This problem is mainly caused by the fact that people improperly dispose of plastic, whether that be through littering or putting it into the trash instead of a recycling bin. To better identify and correct plastic that was inappropriately disposed of, a deep-learning model (YOLOv5) that uses object detection and classification was implemented to detect which bin someone’s trash should go in. The YOLOv5 uses the PyTorch framework for the object detection model. Using this model helped solve this problem, as a custom object-detection model would have needed to be developed, which would not have been efficient. The model was tested by trying to run the model on pieces of trash placed on a tabletop and analyzing the code output on which trash bin the waste will have to be thrown away. After conducting multiple tests, the model exhibited a commendable accuracy rate of 90%, which is noteworthy given the substantial amount of data leveraged. To further improve its efficacy and real-world value, future research could explore augmenting the training data, refining the object detection model for greater precision, and expanding the dataset to encompass a broader range of use cases.
Implications of Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, and Surgical treatment in Oral Cancer
Authors: Tadikamalla Neha
Published: August 2024

Oral cancer includes both the cancers of the mouth and back of the throat. This literature review investigates viable treatment modalities for adult patients diagnosed with oral cancer including the comparison of chemo/radiation therapy, surgery, and new treatment modalities. Surgical interventions are often the initial treatment, depending on tumor characteristics, and may require reconstructive procedures. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy, while effective, present challenges such as side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue. With surgery, there is the consideration of different types of therapies. Post-operative care, lifestyle implications, and treatment success vary among these modalities. New treatments such as gene therapy and immunotherapy are also starting to appear. Findings suggest the drawbacks and the advantages of different treatments and possible preventive measures.
The Vulnerability of the Gig Economy: An Examination of the American Transportation Sector
Authors: Wu Haocheng
Published: August 2024

The vulnerability of misclassified, underpaid, and marginalized rideshare workers in the burgeoning gig economy and the overall sustainability of the gig economy as a subset of the transportation industry has long been a topic of core debate in the hands of lawmakers, corporations, and rideshare drivers alike. This paper’s goal is to identify the vulnerabilities encompassing the gig rideshare population and the association with the vulnerability of the gig economy within the transportation sector. To do this, two regions within the United States – California and Minnesota – afflicted by rideshare worker vulnerability are examined, and the argument is unfolded threefold. First, it is concluded that the vulnerability experienced by gig workers arose from a combination of factors, including the incapacity to enforce effective governmental policies, racial discrimination manifested through tip volatility, and the heightened vulnerability faced by immigrant workers. Second, it is argued that the vulnerability faced by gig rideshare workers stems from the roots of the transportation industry, which the gig economy has recently integrated itself into, and merely magnified the effects onto its workers. Lastly, I address potential recommendations addressing the vulnerabilities of the gig rideshare economy, including the recent decision made by the Biden administration and other similar historical precedents to critically empower the growth of individuals and the gig rideshare industry alike.