bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perishable Product Inventory Model by Considering Expiration Period and Discount Factor
Authors: Aritonang Kinley , Pratiwi Loren , Ricardo Cherish , Nainggolan Marihot , Chandra Nicholaus Ivan
Published: December 2024

The grocery stores usually sell the deterioration (perishable) products. One example of a deterioration product is 1-liter packaged milk product. Often when approaching or even reaching the expiration date, those products still cannot be sold out but with the discount offered, it is hope that those products will be sold more. It is necessary to determine the time for giving the discount and the discount rate that give the optimal net profit. This study develops a deterioration product inventory model by considering the expiration factor and the discount factor. By providing the required parameter values ​​in the model, a simulation was carried out, and it can be determined the level of inventory, the time of the discount offered, and the amount of the discount offered, which results in an optimal net profit.
Language and Thought in Wittgenstein
Authors: Pinto Anselmo Orlando
Published: December 2024

Language and Thought in Wittgenstein – is the theme of this preparation and aims to highlight the contributions of Ludwig Wittgenstein in the reflection on the philosophy of language. Wittgenstein discusses the problems of language in two important works, (Tratactus and Philosophical Investigations) that comprise the phases of the development of his thought, that is, the First Wittgenstein and the Second Wittgenstein. In the Tractatus, language is analyzed outside the concrete circumstances in which it is used in the context of life, while in the Philosophical Investigations the emphasis is on stating that the meaning of linguistic statements is conferred by their use in the context of social practices. Wittgensteinian thought in its first phase speaks of language as a logical mirror of reality, fixed through elementary propositions that have their foundation in the theory of figuration. The second Wittgenstein conceives language based on its different uses, abandoning the essence of language and, therefore, its limits imposed by the logical world. For Wittgenstein, language fulfills a representative function, because through it people can represent their experiences in different ways, moreover, language is a social practice connected to a form of action in the world. Finally, given the influence of the environment on language, it is no longer separated from human life in its essence of creating, recreating and expressing thought. To carry out this study, the method of bibliographical review was preferred, which allowed us to conclude that the First Wittgenstein (Tratactus) constitutes a way of adapting language to the desire for metaphysical knowledge of reality and, with the Second Wittgenstein (Philosophical Investigations), the Language reveals the complex nature of man's being and his intellectual superiority.
Improving Child Outcomes and Quality in Early Childhood Education and Care Through Implementation of Professional Development: A Meta-Systematic Literature Review of Pre- and In-Service Approaches
Authors: Deding Jesper , Minnaert Alexander
Published: December 2024

This systematic literature review explores the developing landscape of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), highlighting its growing significance in contemporary society. It examines the complex dimensions of ECEC quality and its impact on children, with a particular focus on the critical role of staff education and training. Additionally, it reviews various tools and methods used to measure ECEC quality, framing the analysis around enhancing quality through comprehensive professional development (PD) initiatives. By conducting a meta-systematic literature review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews, this study synthesizes the characteristics and effects of both pre-service and in-service professional development for ECEC staff. Data extraction and cross-sectional analyses aim to identify patterns and differences in findings, ultimately informing effective PD strategies. The results show promising effects of in-service PD, particularly evidence-based practices such as coaching and mentoring, in improving educator practices and benefiting children's outcomes. Pre-service PD demonstrates positive, though varied, associations between educator qualifications and child outcomes, highlighting the need for policy interventions to improve staff education programs and raise ECEC quality. However, differences in international contexts and the diverse aims of outcomes limit generalizability. Factors such as duration, intensity, and alignment with targeted outcomes remain crucial for success. Tailored, collaborative, and context-specific PD interventions are recommended to enhance ECEC practices and child outcomes. Some PD elements, both pre- and in-service, show greater impact than others, suggesting that further research is necessary to refine approaches and clarify the variability in effects.
Research progress on zirconium alloys: applications, development trend, and degradation mechanism in nuclear environment
Authors: Okonkwo Bright O. , Li Zimin , Li Li , Wang Jianqiu , Han En-Hou
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the research progress of zirconium (Zr) alloys is critically reviewed from the aspects of application, development status, and degradation mechanism in a nuclear environment. The review focused on the application of Zr alloys in the nuclear industry, which are widely used due to their low thermal neutron absorption, good corrosion resistance, and excellent mechanical properties. However, with the increasing requirements in the chemical and medical fields, the application of Zr alloys in these non-nuclear fields is growing due to their excellent properties like good corrosion resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient, as summarized in this review. Additionally, the degradation mechanisms of Zr alloy exposed to a corrosive environment, i.e., corrosion and hydrogen uptake, and the role of alloying selection in minimizing these two phenomena is considered in this review, based on pretransition kinetics and the loss of oxide protectiveness at transition. This is corroborated by the discussion on alloying elements with beneficial and detrimental effects on the corrosion performance of Zr alloys, as well as elements with contradicting effects on Zr alloys corrosion performance owing to the discrepancies in literature. Overall, this review can be leveraged in future alloy design to further improve Zr alloys corrosion resistance in nuclear applications, thus ultimately improving their integrity.
Exploring a new method for high-performance TPSiV preparation through innovative Si–H/Pt curing system in VSR/TPU blends
Authors: Shi Shujuan , Cui Haipeng , Tian Hongchi , Zhang Shijia , Zhao Yanfang
Published: December 2024

This article explores the positive impact of a homemade polyurethane block copolymer (PDMS-PU) compatibilizer on silicone rubber/polyurethane (VSR/TPU) systems. A novel method for preparing silicone thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPSiV) materials is introduced, using a hydrogenated silicone oil/platinum (Si–H/Pt) catalytic vulcanization system. This involves high-temperature premixing of VSR, Si–H, and TPU, followed by adding diallyl maleate (DAM) inhibitor and Pt catalyst during the cold roller stage. This method prevents premature cross-linking and ensures thorough mixing and interaction between VSR and TPU. The TPSiV material produced demonstrates high tensile strength (TS, 6.5 MPa), exceptional elongation at break (EB, 500%), good shape stability, stable viscosity under high temperature and shear conditions, excellent low-temperature resistance, and superior damping properties. This innovative preparation method offers significant insights and practical guidance for developing high-performance thermoplastic vulcanizates.
Trends and variations in admissions for cannabis use disorder among pregnant women in United States
Authors: Mejia Maria C. , Sacca Lea , Ferris Allison H. , Hennekens Charles H. , Kitsantas Panagiota
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) among pregnant women is increasing, yet limited information exists on admissions for treatment in this population. This study examined trends in CUD admissions among pregnant women in publicly funded U.S. treatment facilities from 2000 to 2021.

Methods

Using the Treatment Episode Data Set-Admissions, we analyzed 33,729 admissions of pregnant women with CUD. Descriptive statistics were used to assess patterns by race/ethnicity, age, and co-substance use.

Results

CUD admissions increased 2.7-fold, from 2.3 % in 2000 to 6.2 % in 2009, followed by a decrease to 4.3 % in 2014, a peak of 6.7 % in 2018, and a decline to 3.0 % in 2021. In 2021, racial/ethnic disparities were noted, with higher proportions of admissions among White (48.8 %) and Black (32.5 %) non-Hispanic women compared to Hispanic women (9.6 %). Admissions decreased for women aged ≤20 years old (y/o), but increased for women aged ≥30 y/o from 2010 to 2021, with the highest prevalence in those aged 21–29 y/o. Co-substance use, particularly narcotics, stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens, was prevalent from 2017 to 2021.

Conclusions

CUD admissions among pregnant women have fluctuated over two decades, with variations by race/ethnicity and age. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions and ongoing adaptation of treatment services for pregnant women with CUD.
15-15Ti cladding behavior during a RIA type event in TRIGA reactor
Authors: Roman Mihaela R. , Ionescu Dragos V. , Man Ion , Radu Vasile , Boer Brian , Delville Remi , Dupleac Daniel
Published: December 2024

Pellet cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI) is a potential failure mechanism for fuel claddings during a Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA) type event, thus preventing failure of the cladding material during transient conditions is considered one of the primary safety criteria to ensure fuel element integrity. Eight irradiation experiments aimed to validate the experimental setup and test methodology developed in the frame of the MAXSIMA (Methodology, Analysis and eXperiments for the Safety In MYRRHA Assessment) project have been carried out in the Annular Core Pulse Reactor (ACPR) TRIGA core at Technologies for Nuclear Energy State Owned Company (RATEN) – Institute for Nuclear Research (ICN), Pitesti, Romania. Cladding damage due to PCMI in terms of cladding mechanical strain was measured. In Partitioning And Transmuter Research Initiative in a Collaborative Innovation Action (PATRICIA) Project, a work package, is dedicated to obtaining and processing information from fuel segments exposed to power transient during the abovementioned experiments. This paper includes the results of TRANSURANUS and ANSYS thermo-mechanical modelling of one experimental fuel element, consisting in UO2 with a higher enrichment of about 18 % 235U and 15-15Ti clad, surrounded by lead bismuth eutectic (LBE). The selected fuel element was exposed in a double pulse test. The results are discussed concerning both fuel and cladding performance and compared with available experimental data and gave positive indications about Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications (MYRRHA) type fuel element behavior under RIA conditions.
Biomedical applications of organoids in genetic diseases
Authors: Huang Wenhua , Jeong Seogsong , Kim Won , Chen Lei
Published: December 2024

Organoid technology has significantly transformed biomedical research by providing exceptional prospects for modeling human tissues and disorders in a laboratory setting. It has significant potential for understanding the intricate relationship between genetic mutations, cellular phenotypes, and disease pathology, especially in the field of genetic diseases. The intersection of organoid technology and genetic research offers great promise for comprehending the pathophysiology of genetic diseases and creating innovative treatment approaches customized for specific patients. This review aimed to present a thorough analysis of the current advancements in organoid technology and its biomedical applications for genetic diseases. We examined techniques for modeling genetic disorders using organoid platforms, analyze the approaches for incorporating genetic disease organoids into clinical practice, and showcase current breakthroughs in preclinical application, individualized healthcare, and transplantation. Through the integration of knowledge from several disciplines, such as genetics, regenerative medicine, and biological engineering, our aim is to enhance our comprehension of the complex connection between genetic variations and organoid models in relation to human health and disease.
Emerging boron nitride nanosheets: A review on synthesis, corrosion resistance coatings, and their impacts on the environment and health
Authors: Mehdi Syed Muhammad Zain , Maqsood Muhammad Faheem , Dahshan Alaa , Ahmad Shahbaz , Ur Rehman Muneeb , Lee Naesung , Rehman Malik Abdul , Khan Muhammad Farooq
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) coatings to enhance the corrosion resistance of metals as well as evaluate their crucial toxicological impacts on both the environment and human health. Organic coatings are extensively applied in the field of protecting metals against corrosion. They are preferred as corrosion inhibitors due to their carbonyl and hydroxyl group content, but they have drawbacks regarding brittleness, porosity, and oxidation susceptibility. In this review, we mainly focused on the synthesis, properties, and applications of hBN coatings and emphasized the way to improve corrosion resistance in metals and alloys. Furthermore, our discussion demonstrated that the boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) coatings significantly improve corrosion resistance, hydrophobicity, and crack mitigation properties. The researchers achieved reduced coating porosity and enhanced protection against corrosive media by effectively dispersing BNNS in organic resin. This study also determines the protective mechanism of BNNS composite coatings against corrosion. Moreover, we addressed the impact of BBNS synthesis and its physicochemical properties on the environment and organisms. Finally, suggestions are made for future research and the sustainability of industrial use to broaden the scope of applications for BNNS composite coating.
Heat Exposure and Birth Weight
Authors: Le Kien
Published: December 2024

In light of the anticipated rise in global temperatures, our study underscores the implications of climate change, particularly global warming, on early human health. Employing a regression framework and analyzing data from 50 developing countries, our investigation, featuring between-sibling comparisons, reveals a 0.333-g or 0.011 % reduction in a child’s weight at birth with each additional day where the maximum temperature exceeds 35 degrees Celsius during the prenatal period. Notably, the adverse effects are pronounced in the second trimester, with each extra day of temperatures surpassing 35 degrees Celsius associated with a 0.433-g or 0.014 % reduction in birth weight. Advocating for global initiatives, we stress the urgency of policy interventions to safeguard pregnant women and addressing the potential long-term impact of climate change on human development.
Empirical Evidence of the Effects of Climate Change on NCDs: A Literature Review
Authors: Bernhardt Lea , Roy Prasanta Kumar
Published: December 2024

Recent years have seen a surge in research on climate change and its health impacts, highlighting the growing urgency of this issue. As climate change intensifies extreme weather events (EWEs), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) may also be exacerbated. This systematic review of 152 papers examines the effects of EWEs on NCDs. Heatwaves are associated with increased mortality from stroke, ischaemic heart disease, and respiratory conditions, though findings on morbidity are mixed. Wildfires could worsen respiratory diseases through air pollution and contribute to mental health issues, including anxiety and depression. Recurrent floods indicate long-term psychological impacts. Droughts, while harder to quantify, could lead to heat-related illnesses and mental stress due to economic hardship. Also, studies suggest that storms increase cardiovascular and respiratory risks, while also contributing to mental health problems. Vulnerable groups, particularly older adults and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are disproportionately affected due to pre-existing conditions and limited healthcare access. Future research should focus on refining research designs and methodologies to better capture the impacts of specific EWEs on NCDs. Improved measurement and the use of direct climate change indicators, rather than proxies, could also enhance the precision of findings.
A Nonparametric Model for High-Frequency Energy Prices
Authors: Gudkov Nikolay , Ignatieva Katja
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes an efficient approach for modelling a high frequency continuous time diffusion process for the dynamics of crude oil. While various applications of continuous time models are considered in the literature, the results on choosing the right model are mixed. We employ a very general non-parametric approach to capture the dynamics of the crude oil market proxied by United States Oil (USO) exchange traded fund. This approach is purely data driven and does not require specification of the drift or the diffusion coefficient function. The proposed nonparametric kernel-based estimation procedure relies on the local polynomial kernel regression, where the choice of a bandwidth parameter plays a significant role. We demonstrate that besides offering a convenient way of estimating the continuous-time models for energy prices, our estimation procedure performs well when dealing with predicting USO prices out-of-sample. The analysis is extended by incorporating possible jump diffusion, where the assumption of continuity of the stochastic process is relaxed and a jump component is added to the diffusion process. In addition, we extend our model by adding possible seasonalities in the underlying dynamics, which requires decomposing the price by means of the Maximum Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT) algorithm and applying nonparametric kernel-based estimation procedure to modelling of the deseasonalized prices.
Investigation of The Effects of Physical Education And Sports Activities on The Motor Skills of Preschool Children In Terms Of Gender Differences
Authors: Mehtap Hatice , Mehtap Bekir , Fişekçioğlu İbrahim Bülent
Published: December 2024

In the study, the effects of physical education and sports activities on the motor skills of preschool children were examined in terms of gender differences. Physical education and sports activities in the form of educational games were applied to 30 pre-school students aged 5-6, boys (n=15) and girls (n=15), 2 days a week and 30 minutes for 12 weeks. Physical education and sports activities; While it included walking, running, jumping and balance exercises, materials such as balls, ropes, funnels and hoops were used. The study was organized according to the pretest and posttest method. Children's motor skills were evaluated by applying motor performance tests developed by Morris, Atwater Williams and Wilmore (1980) that included balance, agility, running, catching, standing long jump and throwing criteria. The data obtained with the pretest and posttest method were analyzed by using the SPSS 23.0 statistical program and applying the t test (Paired-Sample t test) for dependent samples between the tests. According to the findings, the performances of both boys and girls in motor skill tests were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). It can be said that physical education and movement training have a positive effect on motor performance in children aged 5-6. When the data were examined in terms of gender differences, it was concluded that female students made 3.03% more improvement in the balance test and 2.62% more improvement in the agility test than male students. With the development in other parameters, it was in favor of male students. Accordingly, male students were 2.78% more successful in the running test, 13.77% in the catching test, 5.33% in the standing long jump test and 6.48% in the throwing test. In conclusion; It can be said that physical education and sports activities can positively contribute to the development of motor skills of 5-6 years old preschool boys and girls. However, it should be examined whether the positive development observed in children's motor performance occurs as a result of the natural course of growth processes or as the positive contribution of physical education and sports movements.
ROMA VE TÜRK HUKUKUNDA SAVURGANLIK SEBEBİ İLE KISITLILIK
Authors: Endes Selvi Nurtaç , Arat Ayşe
Published: December 2024

Savurganlık (israf/ müsriflik, prodigentia), devamlılık arz eden ihtiyatsız yaşam tarzı ile bir kimsenin malvarlığının kötü yönetimini ifade etmektedir. Bir kişinin malvarlığını kötü yönetmek suretiyle kendisini veya ailesini yoksulluğa düşürme tehlikesine yol açacak şekilde savurganlık içinde olması, Roma Hukuku’nda bir kısıtlama sebebi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Böylece müsrifin hukuki işlemleri kısıtlanarak, kendisine ait olan malvarlığını idare etme yetkisi elinden alınmakta ve bu kişilere sadece malvarlığının yönetilmesi için bir “kayyım” (cura) atanmaktaydı. Hem müsrifin hem de ailesinin korunması düşüncesinin bir sonucu olan bu durum, hukukumuzda da bir kısıtlama sebebi olarak düzenlenmiştir (TMK. m. 406). Roma Hukukunda savurganlığın bir kısıtlama sebebi olarak düzenlenmesi ve bunun hüküm ve sonuçları, hukukumuzla büyük ölçüde paralellik göstermektedir. Çalışmada Roma hukukunda savurganlık sebebiyle kısıtlamanın şartları ve sonuçları incelenmiş, hukukumuzla olan benzerlikler tespit edildikten sonra yeni yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde konunun değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.
SOSYAL GÜVENLİK HUKUKUNDA GÜMÜŞ ÇALIŞANLAR VE ESNEK EMEKLİLİK: Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti Örneği Üzerine Bir İnceleme ve Türkiye İçin Gözlemler
Authors: Sağlam Nazlı
Published: December 2024

Dünya genelinde yaşanan nüfus yaşlanmasının yol açtığı demografik dönüşüm emeklilik sistemlerinin sürdürülebilirliği için sosyal güvenlik hukukunda reform çalışmalarını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Nüfus yaşlanmasının emeklilik sistemi üzerindeki etkisi gümüş çalışan ve esnek emeklilik kavramlarını ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir emeklilik sisteminde, kişilerin çalışma yaşamını uzatmayı teşvik ederek “esnek emeklilik” reformları ile “kısmi emeklilik”, “yarı zamanlı çalışma ve emekli aylığı alma” imkânı getirilmektedir. Gümüş çalışanlar ve esnek emekliliği sosyal güvenlik hukuku sistemlerine entegre etmek için uzun yıllardır önemli adımlar atan ülkelerin başında Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti gelmektedir. Almanya, ileri yaş grubundaki kişilerin çalışma hayatına katılımı konusunda ciddi ilerleme kaydeden ülkelerden biri olarak gösterilmektedir. Konu, önemi nedeni ile ülkemiz adına da irdelenmelidir.
YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM PERSONELİNİN CEZA SORUŞTURMASI: 4483 SAYILI KANUNLA KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR İNCELEME
Authors: Albayrak Haydar
Published: December 2024

Ceza soruşturmaları, yükseköğretim kurumlarının güvenilirliğini korumak, aynı zamanda da personelin görevlerini yaparken hukuk dışına çıkmalarını engellemek amacıyla yapılmaktadır. Bu nedenle soruşturma sürecinin hatasız, eksiksiz ve hukuk devletine yakışır bir şekilde yürütülüp sonuçlandırılması gerekir. Bu perspektiften yapılan çalışmada, 2547 sayılı Yükseköğretim Kanununun 53/c maddesinde düzenlenmiş olan yükseköğretim personeli hakkında yapılan ceza soruşturma usulü, 4483 sayılı Memurlar ve Diğer Kamu Görevlilerinin Yargılanması Hakkında Kanun ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmektedir. Alıntısal ve dolaylı araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı, bu çerçevede ikincil veri ve içerik analizleri yapıldığı çalışmada, yükseköğretim personeli için öngörülen özel ceza soruşturması usulünün akademik personelinin bilimsel ve akademik özerkliğinin korunması için gerekli olduğu, ancak yükseköğretim kurumlarında görev yapan idari personelin 4483 sayılı Kanuna tabi olmaları gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca ceza soruşturmalarında alanında uzman kişilerden destek alınması, soruşturmacı ve yetkili kurul üyelerinin bu konuda özellikle bilgi ve deneyim sahibi kişilerden seçilmesi tavsiye edilmektedir.
Vergi Kaçakçılığı Suçlarında Zincirleme Suç
Authors: Akbulut Berrin
Published: December 2024

Vergi kaçakçılığı suçu, Vergi Usul Kanununun (VUK) 359. maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. VUK’nun 359. maddesi, birçok bentten ve hükümden oluşan ve bu bentlerde birden fazla farklı suçun (a, b, c, ç ve d bentlerinde) düzen-lendiği bir hükümdür. Kanun koyucu kaçakçılık suçlarıyla ilgili Vergi Usul Kanununun 359. maddesinde zincirleme suça ilişkin belirleme de yapmıştır. Bu hüküm 15.04.2022 tarihinde Resmî Gazete'de yayımlanarak yürürlüğe giren 7394 sayılı Kanun’un 4. maddesinin son fıkrası ile 213 sayılı Vergi Usul Kanununun 359. maddesine eklenmiştir. Zincirleme suç, Türk Ceza Kanunu-nun (TCK’nın) genel hükümlerinde (m. 43) düzenlenen bir müessesedir. Türk Ceza Kanununun 5. maddesine göre de “TCK’nın genel hükümleri, özel ceza kanunları ve ceza içeren kanunlardaki suçlar hakkında da uygulanır” hükmü gere-ğince de zincirleme suça ilişkin 43. madde tüm suçlar için uygulanacaktır. Ancak kanun koyucu vergi suçlarında zincirleme suçun uygulanmasında bir suç işleme kararının hangi takvim yılıyla veya vergilendirme dönemiyle ilgili değerlendirileceğinde sorun yaşanması nedeniyle bu sorunu gidermek için Vergi Usul Kanununda böyle bir düzenlemeye gitmiştir. Vergi Usul Ka-nununun 359. maddesine eklenen bu fıkraya göre, 213 sayılı Vergi Usul Ka-nununun 359. maddesinde düzenlenen suçların, birden fazla takvim yılı veya vergilendirme dönemi içinde aynı suç isleme kararının icrası kapsamında işlenmesi halinde Türk Ceza Kanununun 43. maddesi uygulanacaktır.
Bu çalışma, özellikle Vergi Usul Kanununun 359. maddesine eklenen zincirleme suça ilişkin fıkra kapsamında yapılacaktır. Önce zincirleme suça ilişkin getirilen hükmün neyi ifade ettiği açıklanacak, daha sonra konuyla ilgili Yargıtay’ın önceki uygulaması ile değişiklikten sonraki uygulaması belirtilecektir.
Al-Ādāb al-Marḍiyya: Celebrating Shaykh-Veneration in 18th-Century Moroccan Reforms
Authors: Kızılkaya Zeyneb Nur
Published: December 2024

The 18th century witnessed significant religious revivals and reforms throughout the Islamic world, including Morocco. While both sūfī and non-sūfī reformist movements advocated a return to foundational Islamic principles, often through purist-orientated approaches that rejected popular Sūfī practices, the Darqāwī Sūfī order took a distinct path. Formed by al-Arabī al-Darqāwī (d. 1239/1823) as a sub-branch of the Shādhilī order, Darqāwiyya was characterized by a revival of ascetism and popular Sūfī practices, such as self-striving, seclusion, begging, and dhikr gatherings, and aligned them with shariʿa principles. Above all, the teachings of Darqāwiyya revolved around the reverence (taʿẓīm) and veneration (ḥurmah) of Sūfī shaykhs and emphasized their central role as intermediaries between the Prophet and disciples. However, these Sūfī practices and emphasis on shaykhs faced condemnation from the Moroccan ruler, Mawlāy Sulaymān (r. 1792 to 1822) who favoured the Wahhābī teachings, despite not fully embracing its doctrines. In quest of exercising control over the zāwiyas, he targeted their religious legitimacy and restricted their Sūfī activities, including those of the Darqāwiyya. In this context, Al-Ādāb al-Marḍiyya li-sāliki ṭarīq al-ṣūfiyya, a Sūfī manual written by the Shadhilī-Darqāwī shaykh Muḥammad bin Aḥmad al-Būzīdī (d. 1229/1814), serves as both an apology and a Sūfī manifesto. Written in the ādāb al-murīd (Sūfī etiquette) genre, this text acted not only as a guide for Darqāwiyya disciples but also as a proclamation of the central role of Sūfī shaykhs, as well as it sought to legitimize the criticized Sūfī practices of the order. This article studies the unique conventional position of the Darqāwiyya Order during the late 18th century Moroccan reforms and present al-Ādāb al-marḍiyya as a significant text defending the reverence and veneration of Sūfī shaykhs, as well as their practices during this period.
Tanrı Hayaletsi Bir Etki Midir?: J. Derrida ve J. D. Caputo'dan Hareketle Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Cevirici Atilla Sema
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, tanrı kavramını hayalet metaforu ekseninde ele alarak Tanrı’nın hayalet bir etki olarak düşünülmesinin hem Tanrı açısından hem de insan açısından nasıl bir imkâna sahip olduğu sorusunu tartışmaktadır. Bunun için Derrida’nın musallatbilim (hauntology) kavramına yönelmekte, sonrasında ise Amerikalı düşünür John D. Caputo’nun bu hayalet metaforu ile kutsal bir hayalet olarak adlandırdığı tanrı kavramını nasıl yorumladığını tartışmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle hayalet metaforuna dair genel bir giriş verilecek, akabinde hayaletlerin neden musallat olduğu ve ne talep ettiği ifade edilecektir. Derrida’nın hauntoloji kavramını neden ve nasıl kullandığı, hangi kaygıyla kendi felsefi serüvenine dahil ettiği vurgulanarak tanrı kavramını nasıl alımladığı ele alınacaktır. Buradan hareketle Caputo’nun çalışması olan Specters of God; An Anatomy of the Apophatic Imagination incelenecek ve kutsal bir hayalet olarak adlandırdığı Tanrı’yı nasıl ve niçin bu metafor ekseninde ele aldığı değerlendirilecektir. Dikkat çekilmek istenen bir diğer nokta ise Tanrı’nın hayalet metaforu ekseninde ele alınmasının gelişen teknolojilerle ilişkisinin nasıllığı üzerinedir. Derrida “gelecek hayaletlere aittir” ifadesiyle teknolojinin edineceği yer açısından önemli bir tespitte bulunmuştur. Bu kapsamda Tanrı ve hayalet ile ilişkili olan bu çalışma, Tanrı ve teknoloji ile ilgili konulardan da bağımsız tutulamayacaktır. Caputo gelişen teknolojilerle insan sonrasının konuşulduğu bir zaman diliminde “Tanrı’nın da sonunun gelip gelmediğini” haklı olarak sormaktadır ki bu da çalışmamızın bir diğer önemli noktasıdır. Tanrı’nın hayalet metaforu ekseninde ele alınmasının kanaatimizce iki önemli sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki Tanrı ile ilişkili iken ikincisi insanla ilişkilidir. İlk olarak, tanrı kavramının hayalet ile ilişkilendirilmesi, Tanrı mirasına eleştirel bir sorumluluk içerisinde yaklaşıp onu geleceğe açma ve hayaleti bu kavrama karşı bir adalet ikamesi olarak görebilme imkânına sahiptir. İkincisi ise insana dönüktür ki bu da Tanrı’yı zayıf ve hayaletsi bir çağrı ile ilişkilendirmek suretiyle insanı edime sevk eden, böylelikle kötülük problemi karşısında insanı sorumlu kılan bir yapıya sahiptir. Kuşkusuz tanrı kavramını ele alan çalışmalar olmakla birlikte söz konusu kavramı hayalet metaforu ile ilişkili bir biçimde doğrudan ele alan çalışmalar Türkçe literatürde kısıtlı kalmıştır. Bizim bu çalışmada hedeflediğimiz şey ise Türkçe literatürdeki bu eksikliğe hem dikkat çekmek hem de bu tür çalışmalara öncülük etmek adına bir giriş oluşturmaktır.
Antik Çağdan Orta Çağa Yahudi Karşıtlığının Ortaklaşan Söylemi
Authors: Araz Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2024

Dinî gruplar arasında yaşanan görüş ayrılıkları, mücadele ve çatışmaların belli başlı temel sebeplerinden bahsetmek mümkündür. Aynı coğrafyada mevcudiyetini sürdürmek, dolayısıyla başta siyasi olmak üzere sosyal, kültürel, ticari ve dini olarak sürekli karşı karşıya gelmek bu çatışma sebepleri arasında görülebilir. İskenderiye’de MÖ. 3. yüzyıldan itibaren Pagan toplumla Yahudilerin bir arada yaşamasına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan, zaman zaman çatışma noktasına varan Pagan-Yahudi tartışmaları bu kapsamda değerlendirilebilir. Söz konusu mücadele ve çatışmaların diğer nedeni olarak bir dinin içinden yeni fikirler, görüşler ya da dinî yorumlar ortaya koymak suretiyle ayrışarak/farklılaşarak yeni bir dinî grubun oluşmasıyla, nev zuhur inanç mensupları ile eski dindaşları arasında görülen tartışma, mücadele ve çatışmalar verilebilir. Miladi ilk yüzyıldan itibaren Yahudilik içinden doğan Hıristiyanlığı benimseyenlerle Yahudiler arasında iki bin yıldır süregelen tartışmalar buna örnek olarak zikredilebilir. Üçüncü olarak, tarih, teoloji ya da ritüel alanda ortak özellikleri bulunan inanç grupları arasında da mücadele ve çatışmalar görülebilir. Yahudi kutsal kitabında yer alan çeşitli anlatılar, Yahudilikte yer alan bazı ritüeller Kur’an-ı Kerim’de de ana hatlarıyla yer almaktadır. Ancak bu ortak noktalarla ilgili anlayış, yorum ve pratik farklılıkları söz konusu olabilmesi sebebiyle iki din (mensupları) arasında miladi yedinci asırdan itibaren yaşanan tartışmalar da bu duruma örnek verilebilir.
Tarihin çok farklı devirlerinde yaşanmış olsa da pagan ve Hıristiyan yazarların Yahudilere yönelik eleştiri ve suçlamalarında bazı ortak noktalar göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Paganların Yahudilere yönelik suçlamalarında bazı iddiaların binlerce yıl geçse de Hıristiyanlarca kullanılmaya devam ettiği, bunların gerçek olup olmadığıyla ilgili herhangi bir inceleme yapma gereği duymadan iddiaların tekrarlandığı ortaya koyulmaya çalışılacaktır. Hıristiyan coğrafyada Yahudilerle ilgili eski eleştiri mirasının aynen devralındığı, bunun üzerine yeni eleştiriler de eklendiği gösterilerek bunların Yahudilere yönelik şiddete dönüştüğüne işaret edilerek Yahudi karşıtlığının tarihte en yaygın, şiddetli ve uzun süreli olarak Hıristiyan dünyada yaşandığı dile getirilecektir. Josephus’un eserleri gibi klasik çalışmaların yanı sıra modern dönemde yapılan çalışmalar da incelenmek suretiyle hedeflenen sonuçlara ulaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu çalışma ile özellikle son yıllarda Yahudi karşıtlığının neredeyse tamamen Müslümanlarla ilişkilendirilmeye çalışılmasının tarihi zeminden yoksun olduğu, Yahudi-Hıristiyan ilişkileri tarihinin ise son derece kanlı hadiselerle dolu olduğu ülkemizdeki okuyucu kitlesinin dikkatine sunulacaktır.
Address Records of Anna Dostoevskaya of the Late 1870s ― Early 1880s
Authors: Tikhomirov Boris , Andrianova Irina
Published: December 2024

The publication introduces into scientific circulation 233 address entries made by the hand of Anna Dostoevskaya in her notebook, which is stored in the Manuscript Department of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (F. 100, No. 30707), and dated 1877–1882. The address records are provided in chronological order and internally split into two blocks: 1877–1880 and 1881–1882. The first block includes the addresses recorded during Dostoevsky's lifetime, and this part of the publication can be considered a kind of family address book, since it contains a significant number of addresses of people from the writer's entourage. The address records included in the second block were made after Dostoevsky's death, however, many of them reflect the widow's activities to perpetuate his memory and promote the writer's creative legacy. These include the addresses of Orest Miller, who worked on the first posthumous biography of Dostoevsky in 1881–1883, the sculptor L. Bernstam, who casted the death mask of the deceased, the A. Morand bronze foundry, where the mask and bust of the writer were cast, etc. The abstract accompanying each address entry includes a local history commentary and biographical information. Based on the reference literature of the 1870s-1880s, the full form of historical addresses, which were mostly recorded by Anna Dostoevskaya in an abbreviated form is restored, and modern addresses are also placed on the current maps of St. Petersburg and Moscow (taking into account the renaming of streets and the renumbering of buildings). The biographical part of the annotations includes brief information about the addressees, accompanied by links to printed and archival sources. The abstract also includes detailed information (including archival ciphers) about the surviving correspondence of these persons with the writer and his wife.
On the Connectivity of Quasi-random Graphs
Authors:   National Aviation University of Ukraine, Glukhov O.D.
Published: December 2024

Graph theory is widely used to study the structural properties of complex discrete systems. Thus, to assess the ability of a system to maintain certain structural properties when the con-nections between its elements are broken, it is important to study different types of graph con-nectivity. Quasi-random graphs are a model of complex discrete systems with random disrup-tions of connections between system elements. The problem of estimating the probability of connectivity in quasi-random graphs is considered. The concepts of multiframe and polynomi-al of a connected graph are introduced. A new estimator of connectivity for quasi-random graphs based on a 3-edge connected graphs is presented.
Direct and Inverse Problems of Information Retrieval of Text Documents
Authors: Rogoza W.S. , Ishchenko G.V.
Published: December 2024

Information retrieval on the Web, databases and other sources of text documents includes tasks that require analyzing the relationships between documents and the constituent elements of documents. Establishing such relations allows search engine users to retrieve the documents they need from endless sources of information using concise search request, as well as to choose effective methods of processing found documents to solve various tasks of analyzing the content of documents. A classification of methods for processing text documents using forward and reverse indices is proposed, which allows generalizing the properties of document search and processing methods.
Elementary examples of application of the methods are given, which allow the reader to en-ter the essence of the issues quickly, discussed in the article, and tounderstand better the prin-ciples of construction of these methods and their suitability for solving specific information re-trieval tasks.
Implementation of Non-integer Technical Systems Using Programmable Logic
Authors:   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasiliev O.V. , Vasiliev V.V. ,   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Choch V.V. ,   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Hilgurt S.Ya. ,   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Digital devices capable of performing computations of non-integer (fractional) order, i.e., per-forming operations of differentiation and integration of non-integer multiplicity, can be used to solve many applied technical problems, such as sampling and low-pass filtering of signals, in-formation compression, dynamic encryption, separation of a useful signal from the background of interference, identification of parameters of dynamic systems, etc. The issues of hardware implementation of the Grünwald—Letnikov method as a unified solution for the construction of digital differentiators and integrators of non-integer order based on programmable logic in-tegrated circuits (FPGAs) are considered. The use of modern programmable logic products makes it possible to develop high-performance and flexible control devices with enhanced functionality and reduced power consumption, which can be effectively used to build mobile and unmanned systems.
Systematization of adaptation tools for mining enterprises to changes in the economic environment
Authors:   Kryvyi Rih National University, Hryhoriev Yulian , Lutsenko Serhii ,   Kryvyi Rih National University, Hryhoriev Ihor ,   LLC "Technical University "METINVEST POLYTECHNIC", Rybalkina Iryna ,   Kryvyi Rih National University
Published: December 2024

The dynamics of demand and price fluctuations for mining enterprise products is marked by high volatility. At the same time, the dynamics of fluctuations in the volume of consumption of mineral products and their prices are characterized by significant inertia, but almost never the graphs of the curves of these dependent indicators are consistent over time. Due to traditional inertia, mining enterprises often lag in adjusting production systems to external economic conditions. Adaptation of mining operations in open-pits to these changes is critically important for ensuring stability and competitiveness of enterprises in dynamic conditions.
The paper analyzes the experience of mining enterprises in adapting to changes in uncontrollable factors and reveals a mostly unsystematic approach to the implementation of adaptation mechanisms. This study provides a structural analysis of mining enterprises and proposes a concept of viewing them as anthropogenic mining complexes of various levels. The operating conditions of mining enterprises are marked by highly dynamic external factors, which retrospective analysis suggests will intensify in the future. The study systematizes adaptation tools for production systems according to the complex level. Extraction enterprises are recommended to use an adaptive management mechanism based on the systematic decomposition of extraction units. The proposed multi-level structure enables the justified selection of adaptation tools depending on the nature of the stimulating factors, allowing maximum effective response to them. The division of the mining system into complexes of different level allows, in accordance with the nature of the influence factor, to reasonably choose the optimal adaptation tools: changing the technological scheme of equipment operation, implementing a geoinformation system or changing the open-pit schedule etc.
It has been established that dividing the system into complexes of different levels allows for a justified selection of an adaptation tool depending on the nature of the stimulating factor. This approach enables adaptation at the necessary level, enhancing overall system resilience with lower costs, which is critically important for successful operations under uncertainty and constant change.
Vapour-phase condensation of methyl glycolate into glycolide over oxide catalysts at lowered pressure
Authors:   Institute of Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Varvarin A.M. , Levytska S.I. , Zinchenko O.Yu. ,   LTD “Techinservice Manufacturing Group” 1 Makiivskyi Lane., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine, Mylin А.М. ,   Institute of Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Brei V.V.
Published: December 2024

Glycolide is now considered as a promising monomer for production of biodegradable polyglycolate. Due to its high gas impermeability, mechanical strength and thermal stability, this polymer can be used in oil and gas industry, in medicine as biocompatible implants and surgical suture material, and as an ecological packaging material. Traditionally, glycolide is produced from glycolic acid. First, it is polycondensed into a low-molecular-weight oligomer, which is then depolymerized into a monomer. In this work, the vapor-phase conversion of methyl glycolate over several supported oxides without the use of an inert carrier gas under lowered pressure was studied. Condensation occurs according to the reaction 2С3H6O3 → C4H4O4 + 2CH3OH. First, methyl glycolyl glycolate is formed from two molecules of methyl glycolate, which is further condensed into glycolide. The reaction was carried out at 250-300 °C, a pressure of 25-150 mbar and loads on a catalyst of 7-25 mmol MG/gcat/h at a contact time of less than 1 sec. It was shown that more effective is supported TiO2/SiO2 catalyst, which provides 44 % methyl glycolate conversion with a selectivity towards glycolide of 64 % at 270 °C/25 mbar. Glycolide productivity of this catalyst achives to 4.9 mmol/gcat/h. The main by-products are methanol, methyl glycolyl glycolate, methyl methoxyacetate and methoxymethanol.
Regularities of epoxidized alkyl oleates ring-opening reactions with alcohols, water and organic acids in the presence of commercial sulfonated resins as catalysts
Authors:   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 50 Kharkivske shausse, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine, Davitadze D.Z. , Konovalov S.V.
Published: December 2024

Current paper deals with the use of sulfonated resins, distinguished by the porous structure (macroreticular Purolite CT275 and gel-type CU-2-8ChS), as solid acid catalysts for syntheses of perspective components of biolubricants via oxirane ring-opening reactions of fatty epoxides with water (hydrolysis), ethanol and i-propanol (alkoxylation), and levulinic and oleic acids (acylation). Epoxidized ethyl and i-propyl oleates as ring opening substrates were synthesized from used cooking oil. Reactions were carried out in batch reactor for 3 h at 100 °C under stirring with epoxide: resin acid sides molar ratio 1 : 0.05. Reagent to epoxide ratio was 10 : 1 (alkoxylation, hydrolysis) or 1.5 : 1 (acylation). Products composition was determined by GC, conversion and selectivity were calculated. Number of side ring-opening reaction were revealed, main of which were isomerization to ketone and dimerization. General observation is that porous Purolite CT275 provides higher conversion, but facilitates side processes. Non-porous CU-2-8-CHs provided notably higher selectivity (up to 90 % for hydroxyl esters in ethoxylation), but with many-times slower conversion, especially in case of alkoxylation with secondary alcohol. In hydrolysis, water soaked cationites did not provide any conversion, while epoxide introduction first on catalyst made transformation possible. Acylation proceeded in a great extent without separate catalyst and was accompanied by dimerization, while isomerization was not observed. Gel-type resin provided only negligible growth of conversion and selectivity. Porous resin enhanced the conversion, but mainly by side reactions intensification. Cyclohexane as solvent facilitated slightly selective catalyst-free acylation, but with significant conversion drop. Purolite CT275 in ethyl levulinate media favored the ring opening of epoxide with ketone function, yielding ketal-type product.