bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Security Solutions for Telemedicine Applications
Authors: V. Pavithra , Chandrasekaran Jeyamala
Published: February 2021

Telemedicine is defined as the means of providing healthcare for people from a distance by the use of telecommunication and information technology. This technology is mainly useful in overcoming the obstacles of distance and provide enhancement in the access of medical services that would not be easily available in different rural areas. Telemedicine security includes issues such as confidentiality, integrity, and authentication that are also present in other systems involving information and data. Maintaining integrity of data stored and used is a huge problem for medical applications because it contains more sensitive medical records of patients which can cause severe ill effects on slight modification. In order to resolve the confidentiality and integrity issues of telemedicine applications, medical image encryption and watermarking comes into play. The security issues in telemedicine applications is to be given higher importance and thus choosing a reliable and effective approach or framework is more essential.
The Acceptance and Behavior Towards E-Insurance
Authors: Toukabri Maher Taib , Ettis Saïd Aboubaker
Published: February 2021

The expansion of ICTs (information and communication technologies) and the intensification of competition have induced firms to sell online. Insurance companies, for instance, have been urged to rely on such new technologies to be able to strengthen their presence on the market. This research used the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to study the factors that influence the e-insurance adoption. This study gathers data through a face-to-face administered survey involving insured persons. The hypotheses and the model were tested using AMOS co-variance-based structural equation modeling. The findings showed that perceived ease of use, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and attitude are the predominant predictors of the intention to buy insurance online. Those findings provide decision-makers in insurance companies with information useful in designing online offerings, creating a positive attitude towards e-insurance, and attracting customers.
A Study on Behavior Intention to Adopt Mobile Banking Apps
Authors: Thich Phan Dai
Published: February 2021

This study aims to examine the factors influencing consumers' behavior intention to adopt mobile banking apps. The research uses the TAM model with additional variables such as social influence and perceived risk to evaluate how these factors impact the behavior intention of young customers toward adopting mobile banking services. PLS-SEM was used as the main research method. The findings from this paper reaffirmed that perceived usefulness and social influence are the most influential factor in behavior intention, but perceived ease of use and perceived risk showed insignificant impacts on young consumers' behavior intention in Vietnam. This paper also found that perceived ease of use had no direct impact on behavior intention but an indirect impact through facilitating perceived usefulness. This subject makes a practical and academic contribution in the context of a developing country where is lacking research in mobile banking apps.
Estimation of Target Defect Prediction Coverage in Heterogeneous Cross Software Projects
Authors: Vashisht Rohit , Rizvi Syed Afzal Murtaza
Published: February 2021

Heterogeneous cross-project defect prediction (HCPDP) is an evolving area under quality assurance domain which aims to predict defects in a target project that has restricted historical defect data as well as completely non-uniform software metrics from other projects using a model built on another source project. The article discusses a particular source project group's problem of defect prediction coverage (DPC) and also proposes a novel two phase model for addressing this issue in HCPDP. The study has evaluated DPC on 13 benchmarked datasets in three open source software projects. One hundred percent of DPC is achieved with higher defect prediction accuracy for two project group pairs. The issue of partial DPC is found in third prediction pairs and a new strategy is proposed in the research study to overcome this issue. Furthermore, this paper compares HCPDP modeling with reference to with-in project defect prediction (WPDP), both empirically and theoretically, and it is found that the performance of WPDP is highly comparable to HCPDP and gradient boosting method performs best among all three classifiers.
Performance Evaluation of 2-Wavelength Cognitive Wireless Network for V2R and V2V Communication
Authors: Sakuraba Akira , Shibata Yoshitaka , Sato Goshi , Uchida Noriki
Published: February 2021

In this paper, cognitive wireless network for V2R and V2V communication is introduced to exchange and share road sensing and state information between the vehicle and vehicle and roadside server system. In special, two-wavelengh wireless cognitive network method is developed and implemented to improve the network performance over the conventional single wireless network. In the system, 920MHz band is used as basic connection control link to transmit user ID, SSID, key, authentication, network IP address, etc., while 2.4GHz or 5.6GHz band is used as data link to transmit road state information. By combining those wireless links, both long distance and highspeed data transmission can be attained at the same time. The prototype system of road state information system is constructed to evaluate the network performance with various network and environmental conditions.
Conceptualization of Digital Competence
Authors: Olesika Alise , Lama Gatis , Rubene Zanda
Published: February 2021

The aim of the present research is to study the essence, structure, implementation, and indicators of the concept of the digital transversal competence of university students for its improvement in the study process. This article includes the relevance of transversal competences and the essence of the concept of digital competence. This concept is then developed, the methodology of digital competence assessment and measurement is adapted, and the content analysis method was used to classify and analyze the expression of digital competence in eight professional areas.
Efficient Immune Cell Genome Engineering with Enhanced CRISPR Editing Tools
Authors: Chan Waipan , Gottschalk Rachel A , Yao Yikun , Pomerantz Joel L , Germain Ronald N
Published: February 2021

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–based methods have revolutionized genome engineering and the study of gene-phenotype relationships. However, modifying cells of the innate immune system, especially macrophages, has been challenging because of cell pathology and low targeting efficiency resulting from nucleic acid activation of intracellular sensors. Likewise, lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system are difficult to modify using CRISPR-enhanced homology-directed repair because of inefficient or toxic delivery of donor templates using transient transfection methods. To overcome these challenges and limitations, we modified existing tools and developed three alternative methods for CRISPR-based genome editing using a hit-and-run transient expression strategy, together with a convenient system for promoting gene expression using CRISPRa. Overall, our CRISPR tools and strategies designed to tackle both murine and human immune cell genome engineering provide efficient alternatives to existing methods and have wide application not only in terms of hematopoietic cells but also other mammalian cell types of interest.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the Bartholin Gland: A rare genital cancer managed at the JFK Liberian-Japanese Friendship Maternity Hospital Monrovia, Liberia
Authors: Olokor Oghenefegor E. , Gharoro Etedafe P. , Rabiu Ayyuba , Enabudoso Ehigha , Kofa Daniel
Published: February 2021

Bartholin gland carcinoma is a rare tumor that constitutes 2-7% of all vulvar cancers. We presented a 40-years-old multipara who presented to the outpatient Gynecologic clinic of the JFK Maternity Hospital with a complaint of painful vulvar swelling of 3 years duration. The swelling began as a small lump on the left labium majus and grew overtime becoming increasingly painful, ulcerated with associated bleeding and malodorous discharge. Her last sexual activity was 2 years ago, of which she experienced dyspareunia but no post coital bleeding. Vulva examination revealed an ulcerated fungating lesion involving the left labium majus and minus, firm, tender, extending 2 cm into left vaginal wall and lower aspect of the right labium minus. The diagnosis of Bartholin gland carcinoma was made with Bartholin gland abscess and Vulvar cancer as differentials. Preoperative Fine Needle biopsy (FNA) showed acute on chronic inflammation of the Bartholin gland. A left hemivulvectomy was done and specimen was sent for histology, which revealed locally invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the Bartholin gland. Patient recovery was uneventful and she was discharged home 2 weeks post operatively on supplements and advised to follow up for chemotherapy.
Pharmacognostic, elemental and acute toxicity study of Fadogia agrestis root
Authors: Namadina M.M. , Aliyu B.S. , Ibrahim S. , Mukhtar Y. , Abbas R.L. , Bako A.T. , Kamal R.M. , Sunusi U. , Muttaka A. , Sunusi H. , Hafiz S.S. , Aliko A.A. , Adamu M.M. , Umar A.M. , Sale A.I. , Abubakar K.D. , Yunusa A.Y. , Abdullahi N.M. , Mukhtar A.U. , Yakubu N.
Published: February 2021

An aphrodisiac is a type of food or drink that has the effect of making those who eat or drink it more aroused in a sexual way. Aphrodisiacs can be categorized according to their mode of action into three groups: substances that increase libido (i.e. sexual arousal), substances that increase sexual potency (i.e. effectiveness of erection) and substances that increase sexual pleasure. Fadogia agrestis (Schweing. Ex. Hiern), Rubiacea (Hausa: Bakin gagai; English name: Black aphrodisiac) is an erect shrub 1-3 feets high. Fadogia agrestis is a medicinal plant widely used for its reported antibacterial and aphrodisiac activities. The aim of this work is to carry out pharmacognostic standardization and safety profile on Fadogia agrestis root. Chemomicroscopic, physicochemical, elemental, phytochemical and acute toxicity studies were carried out using standard methods. The results obtained also provided scientific basis for the use of in folklore medicine. Chemomicroscopic characters present include; cellulosecell wall, lignified cell wall, tannins, starch, calcium oxalate and cutin. The physicochemical parameters evaluated include: moisture content (7.0%), total ash (10.5%), water soluble ash (4.1%), acid insoluble ash (8.33%), ethanol extract (15.0%), and water extractive value (12.0%). The quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that alkaloids (84.0 mg/g) was the highest phytochemical detected in the stem bark while the lowest was saponins (4.0 mg/g).LD50 of both extracts was above 5000 mg/kg and did not cause mortality in all the tested rats. The results of this investigation may be useful for deriving doses that are safe for human consumption of F. agrestis root.
Antibiotic resistance patterns of salmonella typhi isolated from ready-to-eat vegetable salads hawked in Kano Metropolis
Authors: Mohammed B. , Muhammad A.U.
Published: February 2021

A total of 200 samples of Ready – to – Eat (RTE) vegetable salads were aseptically purchased randomly from hawkers in eight Local Governments of Kano State, Nigeria. The aerobic mesophilic bacterial count was conducted according to standard techniques. Samples were further screened for S. Typhi and C. jejuni using standard procedures. Isolates of the two bacterial species were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing using Kirby Buer disk diffusion technique. The total aerobic bacteria count ranged from 1.200x105 to 1.70x105 cfu/g. A total of 36 bacterial isolates from the RTE vegetables were identified as C. jejuni (18%) and 97 (48.5%) as S. Typhi. Ninety percent (90%) of the isolates were found to be resistant to the assayed antibiotics. C. jejuni was highly sensitive (98.4%) to gentamicin. TEM genes were detected in 40% of the C. jejuni isolates while 60% were detected in S. Typhi isolates. RTE vegetable salads hawked in study areas are contaminated with C. jejuni and S. Typhi and the isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics tested. It is recommended that hazard analysis and critical control point of ready to eat food should be observed.
Coverage response modeling for auto base paints formulation
Authors: Bello A. , Ameh A.O. , Isa M.T. , Galadima M.S. , Adeoye D.O.
Published: February 2021

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of binder, solvent, and pigment concentrations on the coverage response. The optimum coverage response of the auto base paint formulated was 1.5m2. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the data were adequately fitted by a second-order polynomial model Analysis of variance (ANOVA) also showed that the interactions between the independent parameters (binder, solvent, and pigment) have significant effects on the response (coverage). Diagnostics case statistics indicated that, the optimum experimental value of the cover age equal that of the predicted. This showed a good relationship between the actual and predicted response as evidenced in the R2 value of 0.9204 and a standard deviation of 0.1 obtained.
Performance evaluation of similarity measures for K-means clustering algorithm
Authors: Usman D. , Sani S.F.
Published: February 2021

Clustering is a useful technique that organizes a large quantity of unordered datasets into a small number of meaningful and coherent clusters. Every clustering method is based on the index of similarity or dissimilarity between data points. However, the true intrinsic structure of the data could be correctly described by the similarity formula defined and embedded in the clustering criterion function. This paper uses squared Euclidean distance and Manhattan distance to investigates the best method for measuring similarity between data objects in sparse and high-dimensional domain which is fast, capable of providing high quality clustering result and consistent. The performances of these two methods were reported with simulated high dimensional datasets.
Relationship between body adiposity index and serum glycemic level among post menupausal women in Muritala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Kayode K.F. , Abdullahi Y.A. , Badamasi I.M.
Published: February 2021

Body adiposity index (BAI) is documented to exhibit significant relationship with the component of metabolic syndromes (MetS) including serum glucose. The relationship between BAI and serum glucose among postmenopausal women has not been well studied. This study was aimed at determining the relationship between BAI and serum glycemic level among postmenopausal women. The study design was observational crosssectional. Fasting serum glucose was obtained via superficial vein venipuncture after at least eight hours of meal and was analysed following standard biochemical procedure. Standard techniques for anthropometric measurement were used in obtaining the standard parameters. Chi-square was used to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinically accepted categorical subdivision of fasting blood sugar (FBG). A total of 156 postmenopausal women with mean age of 62.70 ± 12.84 years, height (1.58 ± 0.07) m, weight (67.30 ± 17.68) kg, hip circumference (99.94 ± 12.75) cm, waist circumference (86.56 ± 14.25) cm, BAI (32.61 ± 6.78), BMI (27.05 ± 6.90) kh/m2  and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (5.21 ± 2.78mmol/L) were assessed in the here was significant positive correlation between BAI and BMI (r = 0.877, P = 6.97x10-51) and not between BAI and FBG (r = 0.026, P = 0.748). In conclusion BAI was not significantly associated with serum glycemic level among post-menopausal women.
Relationship between finger print patterns with blood group and genotype among basic medical science, students of Bayero University, Kano
Authors: Magaji H.S. , Musa M.M. , Badamasi I.M.
Published: February 2021

Fingerprint patterns and the blood genotypes of individuals are chiefly determined by genetic factors during in-utero development. Evaluating genotypes requires expertise and facilities which could relatively be difficult to obtain and operate in some setting. The aim of the current study was to determine the correlation between hand finger print patterns and the common blood typing phenotype (genotype and blood group) among agroup of consenting adult population in Nigeria. Four hundred students (217 males and 183 females) of the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences in Bayero University Kano had their total hand fingerprints captured using a scanner / computer set up. Data regarding common blood phenotypes was also determined for all participants from the blood phenotype information on their University identification cards. The mean age of theparticipants was 21.86±3.37 years. Loop finger prints patternwas the most common identified in the participants (58.4%), followed by whorls (27.9%), and then the least was arches (13.7%). There was a significant association between the finger print patternon the left thumb (p=0.012) as well as right thumb (p=0.013) withblood groups, while the print in the right index (p=0.042) and left little finger (p= 0.024) were associated with genotypes in the participants respectively. There was a relationship between the finger prints patterns the thumb, index finger and little finger with the common blood typing phenotypes. Thus, finger print patterns on the right index and left little fingercorrelates with blood genotypes.
Micropropagation of banana (Musa spp) using temporary immersion bioreactor system
Authors: Abdulmalik M.M. , Usman I.S. , Nasir A.U. , Sani L.A.
Published: February 2021

Banana is an important crop in the tropics which possess the potential for commercial production in Nigeria. Large scale production requires large volume of planting materials which may be difficult to obtain using conventional methods of propagation. Temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIBs) is a cost effective method for micropropagation of plants. The present study was carried out to develop an efficient method for rapid multiplication of banana using temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIBs). Banana microshoots were regenerated from young suckers obtained from field grown plants using conventional plant tissue culture. Microshoots of 2cm length were used as explants for multiplication in temporary immersion bioreactor system. Ten (10) explants were cultured in bioreactor bottles containing Murashinge and Skoog (MS) liquid media supplemented with different concentrations of 6-bezylaminopurine (BAP) with or without 250mg/L Activated Charcoal (AC). Results showed that explants cultured in media supplemented with 2 mg/L or 1mg/L BAP without AC gave the highest shoot multiplication rate of 900% and 800%, respectively compared to hormone free media. Production of competent plants (plants ready for ex vitro establisment) were however, influenced by the presence of AC and the highest percentage of competent plants (80%) were produced when media was fortified with 1mg/L BAP+ 250mg AC. Regenerated plants were successfully established in the field and were morphologically normal and fertile.
Towards a National Framework for Digital Preservation in Nigeria: Technologies and Best Practices
Authors: Oguche David , Aliyu Asabe
Published: February 2021

The need for preserving digital resources (acquired or generated) by institutions in Nigeria becomes imperative in the wake of adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by these institutions. The paper advocates for a national framework for preserving digital resources for long-term or future use and to avoid the risk of losing national memory in this digital age. Technology emulation, migration and encapsulation are some of the digital preservation strategies discussed in the paper. The paper also identified two key national institutions that can drive the digital preservation initiative in Nigeria.

Keywords: Archive, Preservation, Digital materials, Technology Obsolence
Awareness of Information and Communication Technology-Based Information Resources in Library User Education Programmes in Colleges of Education in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Okonoko Vera Ngozi , Eruvwe Ufuoma
Published: February 2021

The study investigated awareness of information and communication technology-based information resources in library user education programmes in South-South Nigeria. Three research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised of 1022 respondents which consist of 62 staff and 960 library users. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire of a four-point rating scale and observation checklist. Tools used for data analysis of research questions were frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation; t-test was used to test the null hypothesis at selected probability of 0.05 level significance. The findings revealed that more than half of the listed ICT-based resources were available in the six colleges of education libraries under study. The study also shows that the respondents had high awareness on these items. It was deduced from the findings that the method used to a high extent for awareness of ICT-based resources for user education programmes in colleges of education libraries was conferences. The study recommended among others, that, colleges of education authorities should embark on capacity building programmes in terms of training and re-training of librarians on ICT awareness.

Keywords: Awareness, Information Resources, User education, ICT
Western Education versus Indigenous Knowledge of the Tarok in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Shehu Allahde
Published: February 2021

This paper advocates the need for the preservation and conservation of Indigenous Knowledge of the Tarok in Plateau State, Nigeria. The paper started by discussing western education and the indigenous knowledge of the Tarok people and the possible threat of indigenous knowledge extinction due to lack of written records and problems associated with preservation and conservation of the knowledge. The paper also looked at the brief history of Tarok People, the philosophical basis of the Tarok indigenous knowledge/education, the differences and similarities between Tarok indigenous knowledge and western education, and the aspect of the Tarok indigenous knowledge. Finally, the paper concluded that the Tarok indigenous knowledge was more practical than the western education and that the indigenous type of education had a bearing to the traditions, norms and culture of the people. The paper also recommended among others, the establishment of Tarok indigenous knowledge resource centres (museum) and written record on Tarok indigenous knowledge to avoid the threat of extinction.

Keywords: Western Education, Indigenous Knowledge, Preservation, Tarok
Pattern of anaesthesia techniques for herniotomy at a southwestern tertiary health institution: a 5-year review
Authors: Ayodeji Emmanuel E. , Motunrayo Fatungase O. , Chigbundu Nwokoro C. , Oluwatoyin Shoyemi R.
Published: February 2021

Background: Anaesthesia for herniotomy may be challenging because the margin of error in managing such a young patient can be extremely small since the body reserves are limited and the organ systems may not be fully developed. Also, the psychological, physiological and pharmacological responses to anaesthesia are quite different from adult. Safe and effective care of children under anaesthesia is therefore crucial. This study aims to audit the pattern of anaesthetisia techniques used and their associated complications during herniotomy procedure in our health facility. Material and methods: This is a retrospective review of patients’ files, theatre records and anaesthetic-record charts of herniotomy cases performed in a tertiary health Institution from January 2011 to December 2015. Relevant clinical information were entered into proforma designed for the study. Data was analysed with descriptive statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 Chicago IL (U.S.A). Inferential statistics of Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis Test were alsoperformed. Results: One hundred and fortyfour in-patient children who belonged to American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Health Status (ASA) grade I and II had herniotomies during the study period. The mean age is 4.21±3.72years (range, 6months – 16years) with male to female ratio of 47:1 (i.e 141 to 3). General anaesthesia (135, 94%) of various techniques was the most common technique while regional anaesthesia was only employed in nine (6%) children. The regional anaesthesia techniques were caudal block 1 (0.7%) and subarachnoid block 8 (5.5%) and were sedated to allow for cooperation in some of the cases. One hundred and twenty-four (86%) children presented as simple, elective cases while twenty (14%) children as complicated or emergency cases. Conclusion: This study showed that herniotomy can be safely performed under various options of anaesthesia techniques depending on the expertise of the anaesthetists involved. The simple, electives inguinal hernia and hydroceles could have been performed as day cases.
Transient bulging fontanelle following rotavirus vaccination: A case report
Authors: Dike Chinedu M. , Oyeyemi Bashir O.
Published: February 2021

Transient bulging fontanelle is a self-limiting clinical condition characterized by a bulging fontanelle with or without fever, which resolves without medical intervention. It is a relatively uncommon adverse event following immunization. We report a case of an 11 week old, otherwise healthy male infant who presented with a bulging, nontense anterior fontanelle without fever, which developed 11 hours after receiving rotavirus vaccine. Transfontanelle ultrasound scan findings were essentially normal. Two days later, the bulging anterior fontanelle resolved spontaneously. The child had normal neurological development and achieved corresponding developmental milestones over the subsequent eight months of follow-up. This case report highlights the importance of immunization history in the otherwise healthy infant who presents with bulging fontanelle. We recommend that in an otherwise well recently vaccinated infant that presents with bulging anterior fontanelle, lumbar puncture should be deferred while the infant is closely monitored.
Serum brain natriuretic peptide in healthy Nigerian newborn babies
Authors: Issa Amudalat , Abdulkadir Mohammed B. , Adesiyun Omotayo O. , Owolabi Bilkis , Bello Surajudeen O. , Bakare Ruqayat R.
Published: February 2021

Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a sensitive biomarker that is valuable in the management of childhood heart failure. Studies have reported racial differences in the level of BNP, especially in the adult population. The level of BNP in healthy Nigerian newborn babies is unknown. Hence, we determined the level of BNP in healthy term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborn babies. Methods: This was a cross sectional study,85 healthy term AGA newborn babies aged 24 to 72 hours. The babies had relevant demographic parameters documented in a proforma and BNP assay analysed using ELISA method. Results: The median IQR serum BNP level was 341.43 (313.39 to 425.45) pg/ml. The median level in females, was higher than males, {393.86 (296.97- 460.62) pg/ml vs328.05 (313.61-389.39) pg/ml, p >0.05}.There was no significant relationship between serum BNP and birth weight, chronological age, gestational age, or mode of delivery (p>0.05 in each case). Conclusion: The study demonstrated high BNP levels in healthy term Nigerian newborns. There was no relationship between BNP, the chronological age, birth weight, gender, gestational age or mode of delivery in babies between 24 to 72 hours of life.
Utjecaj vremena skladištenja na hematološke parametre u krvi smeđeg medvjeda (Ursus arctos)
Authors: Hadžimusić Nejra , Škapur Vedad , Rukavina Dunja , Velić Lejla , Katica Jamin
Published: February 2021

Na vrijednosti hematoloških parametara značajan utjecaj mogu imati vrijeme uzorkovanja krvi u odnosu na vrijeme analize, ali i uvjeti skladištenja, poput temperature na kojoj se krv transportira do referentnog laboratorija. Odlaganje analize krvi može dovesti do znatnih promjena koje tada direktno utječu na interpretaciju dobivenih podataka te u konačnici mogu dovesti i do pogrešno postavljene dijagnoze. Poseban izazov u veterinarskoj medicini predstavljaju habitati divljih životinja, poput smeđeg medvjeda, koji se nalaze na velikim udaljenostima od referentnih laboratorija. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio ispitati promjene nekih hematoloških parametara, i to: vrijednosti broja eritrocita, vrijednosti broja leukocita, hematokritsku vrijednost, vrijednosti sadržaja hemoglobina, vrijednosti veličine prosječnog eritrocita, srednji sadržaj hemoglobina u eritrocitu te srednju koncentraciju hemoglobina u eritrocitima u krvi smeđeg medvjeda, a koja je skladištena tijekom 48 sati na različitim temperaturama, odnosno na temperaturi hladnjaka (4 °C) i na sobnoj temperaturi (24 °C). Krv je uzorkovana punkcijom v. jugularis nakon sedacije životinja kombinacijom metomidina, tiletamina i zolazepama. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno devet klinički zdravih smeđih medvjeda oba spola, starosti 3-5 godina te je određena vrijednost ispitivanih hematoloških parametara neposredno nakon uzorkovanja s ciljem određivanja bazičnih vrijednosti. Tijekom ispitivanog razdoblja u trajanju od 48 sati određene su vrijednosti ispitivanih parametara u intervalima (12h, 24h, 36h i 48h) u krvi skladištenoj na različitim temperaturama (4 °C i 24 °C). Rezultati našeg istraživanja su pokazali da se vrijednosti broja eritrocita i vrijednosti broja leukocita u krvi smeđeg medvjeda nisu statistički značajno razlikovale od bazičnih vrijednosti, ukoliko je krv skladištena na temperaturi od 4 °C, a analiza uzorka izvršena unutar razdoblja od 36 sati; što je određeno i u razdoblju unutar 24 sata od uzorkovanja kada su uzorci krvi pohranjeni na temperaturi od 24 °C. Vrijednost hematokrita nije pokazala statistički značajne razlike unutar 24 sata od uzorkovanja krvi te u navedenom intervalu temperatura skladištenja nije značajno utjecala na dobivene rezultate. Vrijednost koncentracije hemoglobina se već nakon 12 sati od uzorkovanja značajno razlikovala od bazičnih vrijednosti. Vrijednosti hematoloških indeksa određene našim istraživanjem pokazuju direktan odraz promjena vrijednosti ispitivanih hematoloških parametara.
REDE DE APOIO DE FAMÍLIAS QUE ADOTARAM CRIANÇAS COM QUADRO DE ADOECIMENTO CRÔNICO
Authors: Borges Camila Aparecida Peres , De Souza Jacqueline , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: conhecer as redes de apoio social de pessoas que adotaram crianças com adoecimento crônico, bem como suas percepções em relação ao apoio recebido. Método: estudo de caso coletivo com sete pais, por meio de entrevistas e Diagramas de Escolta e Apoio Social, com análise temática reflexiva apoiada na Psicologia Positiva. Resultados: a quantidade de pessoas presentes nas redes de apoio social variou de oito a 27. Essas redes foram compostas por familiares, amigos, profissionais e grupo de apoio. As instituições positivas destacadas, como o sistema oficial de saúde e o Grupo de Apoio à Adoção, foram referência em relação ao apoio informacional e ao acolhimento destes pais. Três tipos de apoio social foram recebidos: emocional, material e de informação. Considerações Finais: apesar da presença da rede de apoio, ficaram evidentes ações voltadas exclusivamente para o cuidado frente ao adoecimento crônico, e não para o sistema familiar de forma integral.
Trayectorias rítmicas en el Caribe hispano: Los casos de Arturo, la estrella más brillante, de Reinaldo Arenas, y La guaracha del macho Camacho, de Luis Rafael Sánchez
Authors: Díaz Choza Mateo
Published: February 2021

El goce, el ritmo y la música son elementos constitutivos del imaginario y la identidad del Caribe hispano. La lectura de dos novelas de la segunda mitad del siglo xx, Arturo, la estrella más brillante (1984), de Reinaldo Arenas, y La guaracha del Macho Camacho (1976), de Luis Rafael Sánchez, evidencia cómo ese legado puede dialogar con contextos políticos y sociales diversos. En el primer caso, desde la experiencia de la disidencia sexual y la represión del aparato estatal de la Cuba posrevolucionaria, el ritmo se convierte en un vehículo para canalizar la imaginación y buscar la libertad creativa; en el segundo, la música tradicional, mediada por la cultura de masas, permite una explosión de goce colectivo que dinamiza la sociedad puertorriqueña de los 70, marcada por el estancamiento.
Partisipasi Perempuan Dalam Hutan Adat: Studi Kasus di Sumatra Selatan & Riau
Authors: Tobing Septrina Frisca , Maharani Cynthia , Napitupulu Lucentezza , Yulindra Affandi Dean
Published: February 2021

Studi ini menelaah kesenjangan partisipasi masyarakat dalam Perhutanan Sosial di Indonesia. Secara khusus, studi ini mendalami alasan rendahnya partisipasi perempuan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.
Indonesia Zero Emissions Application (EMISI): Methodologies for Calculating Urban Transport Emissions and Tree Sequestration
Authors: Noor Nanda , Rizki Muhamad , Sari Dewi , Basuki Imam , Imanuddin Rinaldi , Damayanti Seny , Irwanto Nadia
Published: February 2021

This Technical Note describes the method within EMISI for calculating individual-level GHGs and air pollutant emissions from urban transport activities and then determining the necessary carbon sequestration through reforestation and afforestation.
İKİNCİ KARABAĞ SAVAŞI’NDA ERMENİLERİN SİVİLLERE YÖNELİK SALDIRILARININ ULUSLARARASI İNSANCIL HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÖZDAŞLI Esme
Published: February 2021

Ermenistan’ın 27 Eylül 2020’de Azerbaycan’a ait sivil yerleşim yerlerine saldırıları ile başlayan İkinci Karabağ Savaşı, 10 Kasım 2020’de Azerbaycan Devlet Başkanı İlham Aliyev, Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin ve Ermenistan Başbakanı Nikol Paşinyan tarafından Üçlü Bildiri’nin imzalanması ile sona ermiştir. Azerbaycan’ın kesin zaferi ile sonuçlanan savaşla ilgili hafızalara kazınan en üzücü sahnelerin başında Ermenilerin sivil halka karşı yaptığı saldırılar yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada, İkinci Karabağ Savaşı’nda sivil halka yönelik “Ermeni terörü” Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk ilkeleri çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır. Bununla birlikte geçmiş dönemlere ait farklı örnekler de verilerek, sivillere yönelik saldırıların Ermenilerin çatışma dönemlerinde başarı kazanmak için kullandıkları en önemli yöntemlerden biri olduğu ve terörün Ermenistan devleti tarafından nasıl araçsallaştırıldığı da ortaya koyulmaya çalışılacaktır. Ermenistan, 30 yıllık işgal sürecinde olduğu gibi 44 gün süren İkinci Karabağ Savaşı’nda da sürekli olarak sivilleri hedef haline getirmiş ve yapılan saldırılar neticesinde 100’e yakın masum sivil hayatını kaybetmiştir. Ermenistan, uluslararası hukuka aykırı eylem ve söylemleri ile savaş zamanında sivillerin korunmasına ilişkin Lahey Sözleşmeleri’ni, Cenevre Sözleşmeleri’ni (1949) ve Roma Statüsü’nü de ihlal etmiştir. Bununla birlikte savaş sürecinde tarihi ve kültürel eserler ile doğal çevreye yönelik saldırıları ile de başta 1954 tarihli “Lahey Silahlı Çatışma Halinde Kültürel Varlığın Korunması Sözleşmesi” olmak üzere ilgili anlaşma ve sözleşmelere de aykırı hareket etmiştir.
FINANCIAL DISTRESS ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA RETAIL COMPANIES
Authors: Yulian Yelli
Published: February 2021

The retail industry is basically an industry whose business activities provide products in the form of goods and or services. In 2016 the development of global retail recorded that Indonesia entered the top five countries most active retail as well as the top five countries with the largest sales in Asia. In the past few years there have been many closures of retail outlets in Indonesia. The current condition of retail in Indonesia faces many problems, one of which is the distortion of new income, that is, retail that has no place or is usually called electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce involves the purchase and sale of products (such as physical goods, digital products or services) transacted over computer networks. This study uses the data from 23 companies retail business in Indonesia and data collected from 2013 to 2017. Analyzed using data panel regression with three approaches Altman, Springate and Zmijewski. All companies experienced a decline in financial performance. The factors that influence the condition of financial distress are the net profit margin, current ratio, size of firm and total asset turnover.
Karma Yöntemler Araştırması: Kısa Tarihi, Tanımı, Bakış Açıları ve Temel Kavramlar/ Mixed Methods Research: A Brief History, Definitions, Perspectives, and Key Elements
Authors: TORAMAN Sinem
Published: February 2021

Karma yöntemler araştırması, son yıllarda farklı disiplinlerde ve ülkelerde popülerlik kazanan ve araştırmacılara farklı metot, metodoloji ve paradigmaları bir arada kullanarak araştırma sorularına cevap arama imkânı veren bir yaklaşımdır. Bu makalenin amacı, okuyucuları karma yöntemler araştırmasına ilişkin genel bir yolculuğa çıkarmak ve bu metodolojiyi kullanmak isteyen araştırmacılara rehberlik etmektir. Bu makalede, karma yöntemler araştırmasının kısa tarihine, tanımına, bakış açılarına ve temel kavramlarına değinilmektedir. Karma yöntemler araştırmasını tam anlamıyla tanımak ve bu yaklaşımı çalışmalarında kullanmak isteyen araştırmacılar, yüksek lisans ve doktora öğrencileri bu makalenin hedef okuyucu kitlesini oluşturmaktadır. Bu makalede araştırmacı, karma yöntemler araştırması alanında yetişen bir metodolojist (yöntembilimci) olarak karma yöntemler araştırmasının Türkçeleştirilmesinde ve kullanılmasında gördüğü sorunlara dikkat çekmekte ve araştırmacılara karma yöntemler araştırmasının kullanımına ilişkin öneriler sunmaktadır. Crotty’nin (1998) genel olarak araştırma sürecinin temellerini açıkladığı yapısal model yaklaşımını tanıtarak araştırma sürecinin temellerini dört elementin (felsefik varsayımlar, teorik dayanaklar, metodolojik yaklaşımlar ve metotlar) oluşturduğunu belirten araştırmacı, karma yöntemler araştırmasına ilişkin farklı tanımları bu modeli kullanarak açıklamıştır. Bu makaledeki temel tartışma noktaları beş ana başlıkta özetlenebilir. Birincisi, karma yöntemler araştırması çalışmalarında karma yöntemler araştırmasının felsefe, metodoloji veya metot tanımlarından hangisinin kullanıldığı önemlidir ve araştırmacılar kullandıkları tanımı açıkça belirtmelidir. İkincisi, araştırmacıların karma yöntemler araştırması çalışmalarında kullandıkları tanımla karma yöntemler araştırmasının uygulanmasının örtüşmesi gerekmektedir. Üçüncüsü, karma yöntemler araştırması çalışmalarında nitel ve nicelin entegrasyonu (birleştirme) önemlidir ve araştırmacılar kendilerine “neden, neleri, ne zaman ve nasıl” entegre ediyoruz sorularını sormalıdırlar. Bu noktada, entegrasyon (birleştirme) olmayan karma yöntemler araştırması çalışmalarının karma yöntemler araştırmasını daha az benimsediği verisinden hareketle, araştırmacıların karma yöntemler araştırmasında entegrasyona ve birleştirilmiş karma yöntemler araştırması sonuçlarını sunmaya özen göstermeleri önerilmektedir. Dördüncüsü, karma yöntemler araştırmaları nicel ve nitel verilerin toplanması ve analizi gibi komplike bir süreci gerektirdiği için araştırmacıların çalışmalarında metodolojik prosedürlerin diyagram (procedural diagram) olarak gösterimine yer vermesi önerilmektedir. Beşincisi, araştırmacıların karma yöntemler araştırmasını kullanmanın çalışmalarına olan katkısına vurgu yapılmasına özen göstermesi önerilmektedir.
EFEKTIVITAS BIOFUNGISIDA Trichoderma koningii TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH DI PEMBIBITAN BATANG BAWAH TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis)
Authors: Tarigan Gema , Wahyuni Mardiana , . Guntoro
Published: February 2021

One of the main obstacles in rubber cultivation is the white root fungus (JAP) attack which caused by Rigidophorus ligonosus. This pathogen infects rubber plants from the nursery until the mature plants. Efforts to control the disease have been carried out by chemical, technical culture and use of biological agencies. This research was conducted at the STIP-AP Medan in January 2017 to June 2017, this study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications and four treatments. Using Trichoderma koningii with somes doses were 20 grams, 30 grams, and 40 grams/seedling. The results of this study indicate that the biofungicide  application of Trichoderma koningii 30 g/seedling produces the greatest inhibition of the rubber plants seedling nursery against the growth of pathogens Rigidoporus lignosus.
KORELASI KADAR UNSUR HARA DAUN KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP KADAR MINYAK SAWIT MENTAH
Authors: Pradifta Rangkuti Ika Ucha , Wahyuni Mardiana
Published: February 2021

Mesocarp or fruit flesh is the main component of the cultivation of oil palm which is extracted to Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The amount of CPO produced from processing in palm oil mills is influenced by the quality of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB). Some factors that influence the quality of FFB are the type of crossing, plant age, maintenance level and fraction of fruit maturity. Adequacy of nutrients N, P, K, and Mg play a role in fruit formation and are expected to increase levels of CPO. In connection with this matter, research on the relationship / nutrient correlation with CPO content is needed. This research was conducted in October 2017 - March 2018 in the field with land suitability classes S1 (Maradja Hill), S2 (Limau Mungkur), S3 (Bah Birung Ulu) and STIPAP LPP Medan Practice Gardens. Processing data with single and multiple linear regression. Leaf samples were analyzed with the Sochlet apparatus in STIPAP Processing Laboratory. In general, the average nutrient content of leaves N, P, K were the normal category and nutrient Mg, Cl were deficiency category. The level of CPO (oil / mesocarp) varies from 31.14% - 59.59%. With single nutrient regression N, P, K, Cl has a positive correlation with CPO levels while Mg is negatively correlated. Multiple regression analysis of nutrient N, P, K, Mg and Cl has significant effect on O / N with a correlation coefficient of 0.744.
Tongue shaped oropharyngeal teratoma with cleft palate in a neonate: A case report
Authors: Hasan Samiul , Afroz Nadia , Reza Jiaul
Published: February 2021

Background: Atypical presentation of an atypical abnormality makes the diagnosis challenging. Oropharyngeal teratoma (epignathus) is a rare, potentially life-threatening neonatal tumor. Its atypical presentation may cause a delay in diagnosis and increase morbidity and mortality.
Case presentation: A newborn girl with oropharyngeal teratoma and cleft palate presented with feeding difficulty. The airway was patent. The tumor was tongue-shaped, smooth-walled, displacing the native tongue, and prevented the fusion of two palatine halves resulting in cleft palate. On the 4th day of life, complete excision was done transorally. Histopathology revealed a mature teratoma. There was no sign of recurrence at three months of follow-up.
Conclusion: Presentation of the oropharyngeal teratoma varies according to its site, size, and extension. Timely diagnosis is essential to avoid life-threatening respiratory obstruction. Complete excision of the mass is usually associated with a good prognosis.
The oracle study – fibromyalgia, prevalence and severity in the hospital setting
Authors: Mohammad Ali Arif  , Fibhaa Syed  , Rauf Niazi  , Saba Ali Arif  , Umme e Laila Hashmi  , Zakir Shah  , Admin
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and severity of Fibromyalgia in hospital visiting patients.
Methods: A total of 750 patients aged 18 to 75 years were enrolled at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad from July 2018 – January 2019. Demographic data, the presence of comorbidities and previous medication, were recorded for each patient and the 2010/2011 modified ACR (American College of Rheumatology) preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia was applied. If fibromyalgia was diagnosed, the FIQR (Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire) was administered to assess the severity of FM.
Results: The prevalence of fibromyalgia in hospital visiting patients was found to be 33.3% (n=250), with a female preponderance of 76% (n=190) in the diagnosed subset. Females were more than twice as likely to have fibromyalgia as their age matched male counterparts (OR 2.87, 95% CI 2.05 – 4.04, p<0.0001). The presence of diabetes, anxiety and rheumatoid arthritis but not other comorbidities (p<0.0001), advancing age (p=0.002) and increased BMI (p=0.004) were found to be significantly associated with FM.
In patients diagnosed with FM, over 70% (n=180) had been previously diagnosed as having musculoskeletal pain with 66% (n=165) being on long term NSAID therapy.
Multiple regression analysis showed FM severity was not influenced by comorbidities, marital status, education or economic status. A unique finding was a later age of menarche (R2=0.194, p=0.009) and menstrual irregularity (R2=0.229, p=0.003) being associated with more severe fibromyalgia symptoms.
Continuous....
REFERRAL PATTERN AND OUTCOMES OF NEONATES FROM SECONDARY CARE SETTING OF AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL TO TERTIARY CARE CENTERS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Suneeta khemani  , Nazia Shamim  , Adnan Mirza  , Nadia Muhammad  , Safdar Kagazwala  , Shakeel Ahmed
Published: February 2021

Published in May -2021
The effective coping strategies against burnout: perceptions of Pakistani medical students.
Authors: Maryam Abbasi  , Mohammad Al Eraky  , Rahila Yasmeen  , Rabia Ashfaq  , Admin
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the effective coping strategies used by medical students against burnout.
Method: The study was a mixed method study design. The Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) was used to identify burnout after which focus group discussions were carried out.
Results: In our study, 56% of the students had high levels of Emotional Exhaustion, 23% had moderate and 21 % has low levels of EE, on the Cynicism scale 63% scored high,32% scored moderate while 5% scored low on cynicism scale. For professional efficacy 28% students scored low,50% scored moderate and 22% scored high on professional efficacy scale. Students with high scores on EE and Cynicism and low scores on Professional Efficacy were considered as burnt out.
To determine coping strategies, focus group discussions and interviews with students with high burnout and low burnout were carried out. Seeking emotional support for coping was very common in the high burn out group. This involved getting moral support, sympathy and understanding. Parents played the main role in providing support to these students. Turning to religion, acceptance and venting were also seen as commonly used coping strategies. In the low burn out group, friends were the main source of support. Turning to religion was also found in this group. Doing extracurricular activities, positive reinterpretation and mental disengagement were also used to cope with stressful events.
Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to promote positive coping strategies in students who are suffering from or at risk of developing burnout.
Continuous...