bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax on digital image of thin blood films gf
Authors: Adi Nugroho Hanung , Wibawa Made Satria , Setiawan Noor Akhmad , Herdiana Murhandarwati E. Elsa , Budiani Buana Ratna Lestari
Published: April 2019

Observing presence of Plasmodium parasite of stained thick or thin blood films through microscopic examination is a gold standard for malaria diagnosis.  Although the microscopic examination has been extensively used, misidentification might occur caused by human factors.  In order to overcome misidentification problem, several studies have been conducted to develop a computer-aided malaria diagnosis (CADx) to assist paramedics in decision-making.  This study proposes an approach to identify species and stage of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax on thin blood films collected from the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada.  Adaptive k-means clustering is applied to segment Plasmodium parasites.  A total of 39 features consisting of shape and texture features are extracted and then selected by using wrapper-based forward and backward directions.  Classification is evaluated in two schemes.  The first scheme is to classify the species of parasite into two classes. The second scheme is to classify the species and stage of parasite into six classes.  Three classifiers applied are k-nearest neighbour (KNN), support vector machine (SVM) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP).  Furthermore, to facilitate the multiclass classification, one-versus-one (OVO) and one-versus-all (OVA) methods are implemented.  The first scheme achieves the accuracy of 88.70% based on MLP classifier using three selected features.  While the accuracy gained by the second scheme is 95.16% based on OVO and MLP classifier using 29 selected features.  These results indicate that the proposed approach successfully identifies the species and stage of parasite on thin blood films and has potential to be implemented in the CADx system for assisting paramedics in diagnosing malaria.
A new formula for conjugate parameter computation based on the quadratic model
Authors: Abbas Hassan Basim
Published: April 2019

The conjugancy coefficient is the very basis of a diversity of the conjugate gradient methods. In this research, we derivation a new formula of conjugate gradient methods based on the quadratic model. Our arithmetical findings have revealed that, our new method has the most excellent performance contrast to the other standard CG methods. Also give proof viewing that this method converges globally.
Development of a hybrid framework to characterize red lesions for early detection of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Devaraj Deepashree , Kumar S.C. Prasanna
Published: April 2019

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the driving reasons for visual deficiency, affecting people globally. Currently, the ophthalmologists need to inspect enormous number of images with a specific end goal to perform mass screening of Diabetic retinopathy. In this paper, an efficient Computer aided system based on a Hybrid framework is proposed for the early diagnosis of DR by extracting the early DR lesions such as microaneurysms and hemorrhages. The development of such a screening system would decrease the workload of the ophthalmologists, as they now need to look at those retinal images that are analyzed by the system, as irregularities. The retinal images obtained from standard retinal databases and Hospitals are pre-processed followed by the detection and elimination of blood vessels, optic disk and exudates. Quick propagation Neural Network is used for training and testing of the retinal fundus images since it has the fastest execution time. Linear Classification and Multi class classification of retinal fundus images are performed for the classification and grading of retinal fundus images into normal and abnormal using Alyuda Neuro-Intelligence software. A patient database is created using MySQL to store the required details of the patient and a graphical user interface is developed for an efficient usage of the system. The execution time of the system is found to be 7-9 seconds and is tested on 270 retinal fundus images. The precision and accuracy of the algorithm is 92.5% and 93.9%, respectively.
Scalarizing functions in solving multi-objective problem-an evolutionary approach
Authors: Vasumathi D. , S Thangavelu
Published: April 2019

Scalarizing functions had long been observed for optimization of multi-objective problems. Scalarizing functions on multi-objective problem along with Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm variants had been used to analyze the effect of scalarizing functions. The main purpose is to find the better scalarizing function which can be applied for optimization. The effective solution of the multi-objective problem depends on the various factors like the DE algorithm and the scalarizing functions used. Multi objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) framework in java had been used for performing the analysis. The Obtained results showed that Tchebysheff scalarization function performs better than the other scalarizing functions on various indicator functions used.
A critical insight into the identity authentication systems on smartphones
Authors: Mehraj Tehseen , Aman Sheheryar Mir , Ahmed Lone Sajaad , Mir A. H.
Published: April 2019

The advancement of computing power on mobile devices and their popularity among people in performing sensitive data exchange is uncovering an urgent need for a highly secure solution than the existing ones. The need for such a security solution persists that should be able to thwart not only the contemporary threats but also offer continued support without bowing down to progression in technology. Though some security solutions have been contemplated, a lack of standardised or absolute security solution which can provide a feasible and secure solution to mobile phones exists. In this paper, a survey based on various biometric and non-biometric access management schemes has been performed. The copious solutions put forward by researchers so far were discovered to fail in traits like user adaptability and efficiency. Each of the works put forward by various researchers has been single-handedly contemplated followed by analysis. Ultimately, open problems and challenges were inferences from the survey conducted.
Design of amplitude and phase modulated pulse trains with good auttocorrelation properties for radar communications
Authors: Rosli S.J , Rahim H.A. , Abdul Rani K.N.
Published: April 2019

Development of technique for synthesizing multilevel sequences with good correlation properties is very useful for several radar applications where as a set of phase and amplitude coded sequences will be synthesized directly for compression technique. In reality, the signal processing also been significant to transmit or store signals, to enhance desired signal component and to extract useful information carried by signals. Consequently, this paper describes affectively methods to generating the finite length multilevel sequence of any length that have low side lobe energy (SLE) and improved energy ratio (ER) in their autocorrelation function (ACF). Testing for the stability and the analyzing of systems zero pattern using z-transform for the generating sequence indicates a possible position of roots in the radius of circle lies. This is illustrated by application of 13-element Huffman code as a starting sequence, this technique more low complexity and compatible compared inverse filtering technique.
Snake species identification by using natural language processing
Authors: Izzati Rusli Nur Liyana , Amir Amiza , Hanin Zahri Nik Adilah , Ahmad R. Badlishah
Published: April 2019

The paper presents the snake species identification by using natural language processing. It aims to help medical professionals in predicting the snake species for snake-bite treatments based on the patient’s description of the snake. The decision in suitable anti-venom critically depends on the type of snake species. Wrong anti-venom may result in severe morbidity and mortality. This research investigates the human perception and the selection of words in describing a snake based on their visual view. The descriptions were presented in unstructured text, and the NLP processing involves pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. Four machine learning algorithms (naïve Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbour, Support Vector Machine, and Decision Trees J48) were used during training and classification. Our results show that J48 algorithm obtained the highest classification accuracy of 71.6% correct prediction for the NLP-Snake data set with high precision and recall.
Comparison of different configuration space representations for path planning under combinatorial method
Authors: Debnath Sanjoy Kumar , Omar Rosli , Abdul Latip Nor Badariyah
Published: April 2019

The use of autonomous vehicle/robot has been adopted widely to replace human beings in performing dangerous missions in adverse environments. Keeping this in mind, path planning ensures that the autonomous vehicle must safely arrive to its destination with required criteria like lower computation time, shortest travelled path and completeness. There are few kinds of path planning strategies, such as combinatorial method, sampling based method and bio-inspired method. Among them, combinatorial method can accomplish couple of criteria without further adjustment in conventional algorithm. Configuration space provides detailed information about the position of all points in the system and it is the space for all configurations. Therefore, C-space denotes the actual free space zone for the movement of robot and guarantees that the vehicle or robot must not collide with the obstacle. This paper analyses different C-Space representation techniques under combinatorial method based on the past researches and their findings with different criteria such as optimality, completeness, safety, memory uses, real time and computational time etc. Visibility Graph has optimality which is a unique from other
A novel approach for selective feature mechanism for two-phase intrusion detection system
Authors: Narendra Kumar B , Sivarama Bhadri Raju M S V , Vishnu Vardhan B
Published: April 2019

Intrusion Detection is an important aspect to secure the computing systems from different intrusions. To improve the accuracy and to reduce the computational time, this paper proposes a two-phase hybrid method based on the SVM and RNN. In addition, this paper also had a proposal to obtain a few sets of features with a feature selection technique in which the detection performance increases. For the two-phase system, two different feature selection techniques were proposed which solves both the linear dependency and non-linear dependency between the features. In the first phase, the RNN combines with the proposed Joint Mutual Information Maximization (JMIM) based feature selection and in the second phase, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) combines with correlation based feature selection. Extensive simulations are carried out over the proposed system using two different datasets, NSL-KDD and Kyoto2006+. The performance is measured through the performance metrics such as Detection Rate (DR), Precision, False Alarm Rate (FAR), Accuracy and F-Score. Furthermore, a comparative analysis with few recent hybrid frameworks is also enumerated. The obtained results signify the effectiveness of proposed method.
Systemic approach for optimizing information technology resource as a contribution of information system governance
Authors: Falih Noureddine , Jabir Brahim , Rahmani Khalid
Published: April 2019

 Information technology (IT) resource management is considered as one of the main pillars of Information System (IS) governance in the company. In this article, we propose a systemic approach from the structural paradigm based essentially on the formal extension of the ISO 19440 Meta-model. This structure contains specific constructs from the Cobit framework and system tools as the Galois lattices, likely to bring a better vision of the use of IT resource in the company. This technique allows a systemic analysis applied to special structural matrices to evaluate the deployment mode of IT resource to achieve business processes. Such approach allows a good optimization of IT resource as a pragmatic and effective contribution to Information System governance.
Improved Hunting Search Algorithm for the Quadratic Assignment Problem
Authors: Agharghor Amine , Riffi Mohammed Essaid , Chebihi Fayçal
Published: April 2019

Nowadays, the metaheuristics are the most studied methods used to solve the hard optimization problems. Hunting Search algorithm is a metaheuristic inspired by the method of group hunting of predatory animals like wolves. Created for solving continuous optimization problems, recently, it is adapted and evaluated to solve hard combinatorial optimization problems. This paper proposes an improved hunting search algorithm to solve the quadratic assignment problem. No local search method is used. To evaluate the performances of this work, the improved Hunting Search is checked on a set of 36 instances of QAPLib and it outperforms the results obtained by the well-known metaheuristics.
Systematic review of aspects of DDoS attacks detection
Authors: Bravo Silvia , Mauricio David
Published: April 2019

Distributed Denial of Service attacks (DDoS) are one of the biggest problems facing the Internet. To eliminate this type of attack, the number of which has increased in the period under study, various methods of defense have been proposed. However a detection mechanism that is able to completely counteract the attacks has not yet been found. Therefore, detection and defense against DDoS attacks is of great importance for specialists engaged in computer security. This paper presents a systematic review of the scientific literature on methods of detecting DDoS attacks. From the literature the main aspects related to detection have been formulated. Six aspects for analysis in this investigation were identified: techniques, variables, tools, deployment location, point in time and detection accuracy. It was found that each technique used for the detection of attacks exploits certain characteristics of the network traffic, user requests and specific tools. Finally, it managed to identify the mechanisms that have the highest detection accuracy, such as the datasets they use. It has been concluded that an adequate analysis of the above aspects of detection of DDoS attacks can make a useful contribution to designing an appropriate strategy for neutralizing the attacks.
Multilayer neural network synchronized secured session key based encryption in wireless communication
Authors: Sarkar Arindam , Dey Joydeep , Bhowmik Anirban
Published: April 2019

Energy computation concept of multilayer neural network synchronized on derived transmission key based encryption system has been proposed for wireless transactions. Multilayer perceptron transmitting machines accepted same input array, which in turn generate a resultant bit and the networks were trained accordingly to form a protected variable length secret-key. For each session, different hidden layer of multilayer neural network is selected randomly and weights of hidden units of this selected hidden layer help to form a secret session key. A novel approach to generate a transmission key has been explained in this proposed methodology. The last thirty two bits of the session key were taken into consideration to construct the transmission key. Inverse operations were carried out by the destination perceptron to decipher the data. Floating frequency analysis of the proposed encrypted stream of bits has yielded better degree of security results. Energy computation of the processed nodes inside multi layered networks can be done using this proposed frame of work.
Neural soft computing based secured transmission of intraoral gingivitis image in e-health care
Authors: Sarkar Arindam , Dey Joydeep , Chatterjee Minakshi , Bhowmik Anirban , Karforma Sunil
Published: April 2019

 In this paper, a key based soft computing transmission of intraoral gingivitis image has been proposed without the exchange of common key in between the nodes. Gingivitis has been a type of periodontal disease caused due to bacterial colonization inside the mouth, having the early signs of gum bleeding and inflammations in human beings. In E-health care strata, online transmission of such intraoral images with secured encryption technique is needed. Session key based neural soft computing transmission by the dentists has been proposed in this paper with an eye to preserve patients’ confidentiality factor. To resist the data distortion by the eavesdroppers while on the transmission path, secured transmission in a group of tree parity machines was carried out. Topologically same tree parity machines with equal seed values were used by all users of that specified group. A common session key synchronization method was applied in that group. Intraoral image has been encrypted to generate multiple secret shares. Multiple secrets were transmitted to individual nodes in that group. The original gingivitis image can only be reconstructed upon the merging of threshold number of shares. Regression statistics along with ANOVA analysis were carried out on the result set obtained from the proposed technique. The outcomes of such tests were satisfactory for acceptance.
High gain boost converter with modified voltage multiplier for stand alone PV system
Authors: Mani Getzial Anbu , Parvathy A. K.
Published: April 2019

Boost converters of high gain are used for photo voltaic systems to obtain high efficiency. These high gain Boost converters gives increased output voltage for a low input produces high outputs for low input voltage. The High gain boost converters have the following merits. Conduction losses input current ripple and stress across the switches is reduced while the efficiency is increases. The high gain of the converters with the above said merits is obtained by changing the duty cycle of switches accordingly .In this paper a boost converter working with interleaved concept along with a additional Nstage voltage Multiplier has been carried out by simulation using MATLAB/ simulink and the mathematical modeling of various parameters is also done.
Research on neutral-point potential control of a three-level inverter
Authors: Fu Guangjie , Li Xinpeng
Published: April 2019

Diode-clamped three-level inverters have been widely used in high voltage and high power fields because of their unique advantages. Nowadays, diode-clamped three-level inverters have become a research hotspot. In order to reduce the content of energy harmonics injected into the power grid by the inverter system, the neutral point potential needs to be controlled. This paper proposes a control method based on a proportional controller. The voltage sector was redefined and the design of the proportional controller was completed. In combination with the introduction of a new PWM technology, a smooth control of the midpoint potential was achieved. The effectiveness of the method is verified by simulation in MATLAB
Memristor based ring oscillators true random number generator with different window functions for applications in cryptography
Authors: Nor Hashim Noor Alia , Han Loong Julius Teo , Ghazali Azrul , Azlee Hamid Fazrena
Published: April 2019

Cryptographic applications require numbers that are random and pseudorandom. Keys must be produced in a random manner in order to be used in common cryptosystems. Random or pseudorandom inputs at different terminals are also required in a lot of cryptographic protocols. For example, producing digital signatures using supporting quantities or in verification procedures that requires generating challenges. Random number generation is an important part of cryptography because there are flaws in random number generation that can be taken advantage by attackers that compromised encryption systems that are algorithmically secure. True random number generators (TRNGs) are the best in producing random numbers. This paper presents a True Random Number Generator that uses memristor based ring oscillators in the design. The designs are implemented in 0.18 µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology using LT SPICE IV. Different window functions for the memristor model was applied to the TRNG and compared. Statistical tests results of the output random numbers produced showed that the proposed TRNG design can produce random output regardless of the window function.
Modeling frequency response of transformer winding to investigate the influence of RLC
Authors: Al-Ameri S , M. Yousof M. F. , Azis Norhafiz , Avinash S. , A. Talib M. , A. Salem Ali.
Published: April 2019

Frequency response measurements are used for power transformer winding failures detection. The variation between frequency responses indicate mechanical changes in the transformer winding. One method to investigate winding failures in transformer is to develop a reliable circuit model which can simulate the frequency response of an actual winding. The main reason to use the model is because it is expensive to create damages on an actual winding. This paper proposes n-stages circuit ladder network to simulate the response of a winding which has unique design. It presents a new technique to calculate the resistance, inductance and capacitance of the winding. Then, the relationship between the RLC parameters and the frequency response is studied. The winding chosen in this investigation is a single phase 33kV transformer winding. The simulated frequency response was compared with the measured response to verify the proposed model. The model can give a comprehensive understanding about the effect of RLC parameters on the frequency response.
Spatial domain image enhancement techniques for acute myeloid leukemia (M1,M4,M5,M7)
Authors: A.Salam A.S. , M.Isa M.N. , I. Ahmad M.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, several techniques of image enhancement spatial domain is elucidated and analyzed for the purpose of enhancing Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) subtype of M1, M4, M5 and M7. The techniques involved contrast stretching of greyscale images, image subtraction and image sharpening. The three methods compared with one another to achieve the highest PSNR value for the suitability technique of AML subtypes (M1, M4, M5 and M7). Firstly, subtypes images converted into grayscale. Then, each four images tested with contrast stretching techniques followed by image subtraction and image sharpening. The performances were evaluated based on Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Due to its higher value obtained, image sharpening is a good enhancement techniques for Acute Myeloid Leukemia with 68.2083 dB and the lowest MSE achieved of 0.0103.
Edge enhancement of IBP reconstruction by using sharp infinite symmetrical exponential filter
Authors: A Nazren A.R. , R. Ngadiran , N. Yaakob S.
Published: April 2019

This study contributes to provide an enhancement technique for improving the Iterative Back Projection (IBP) Super Resolution technique by using the Sharp Infinite Symmetrical Filter (SISEF). Theoretically, the IBP technique operates as minimizer the error reconstruction iteratively until it refined the High Resolution (HR) image. However, due to iterative manner and lack of edge guidance during the back projection operation, this technique has suffered from produced the ringing artefact on the HR image appearances. Additionally, the IBP reconstruction also demands for large number iteration for accomplishing the prediction HR image. This problem arose when the IBP estimator tended to oscillate at the same solution frequently. In order to overcome these constraints, the SISEF is deployed as regulator to improve the IBP estimator with provides an accurate edge information for enhancing the edge image and reduce the ringing artefacts. Fortunately, highly precision of edge information provided by SISEF capable to reduce amount of estimation process repetition.
A novel UWB reconfigurable filtering antenna design with triple band-notched characteristics by using u-shaped coppers
Authors: Saiful Bahri I.D. , Zakaria Z. , A. Shairi N. , Edward N.
Published: April 2019

This paper proposed an UWB antenna with triple reconfigurable notch filters. By presenting there U-shaped coppers in the design, the potential triple interference in UWB applications can be rejected. Six PIN diodes are putted on the coppers to represent the OFF and ON tunable status in order to add reconfigurable characteristics to the UWB antenna. By using this ON and OFF tunable method, the current distribution of the proposed design changes and enables the antenna to have eight operation modes. The results prove that the proposed design can operate over the entire UWB frequency range (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) and can filter out the target signals from the WLAN upper band (5.725 to 5.825 GHz), WLAN lower band (5.15 to 5.35 GHz) and X band frequency system (7.9 to 8.4 GHz) in one of the tunable configurations.
Single-wavelength ring-cavity fiber laser employed pre-amplification technique to reduce threshold by circulating spontaneous brillouin scattering
Authors: Ahmad Hambali N A M , Ajiya M , Shahimin M M , Wahid M. H. A. , Mahdi M A
Published: April 2019

In this paper, two types of ring-cavity fiber laser structures that operate as a single wavelength laser were investigated on the threshold performance. The two structures are namely Brillouin fiber laser and Brillouin erbium fiber laser. In the first structure, the Brillouin pump signal was amplified before being injected into the laser cavity which namely as Brillouin fiber laser. Meanwhile, for second structure respectively, the Brillouin pump signal was pre-amplified in the laser cavity which namely as Brillouin Erbium fiber laser. We found that the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold power was lowered significantly by circulating the spontaneous Brillouin scattering in the gain medium utilizing the pre-amplification technique. The optimum stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold power was about 1.4 mW, and this was achieved at optimum output coupling ratio of 95%. By comparing to the first structure in which the Brillouin pump signal was amplified before entering the laser cavity, stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold power was only achieved at 2.62 mW at a similar wavelength. The pre-amplification technique proposed in this paper has been shown to improve the performance of single-wavelength ring-cavity fiber lasers via significant reduction of the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold power which was around 1.22 mW.
Calculating of stress intensity factors of soldered joints with multiple cracks
Authors: Emran Ismail Al , Jamian Saifulnizan , Azhar Kamarudin Kamarul , Mohd Nor Mohd Khir , Norihan Ibrahim Mohd , Tajul Arifin Ahmad Mubarak , Fahrul Hassan Mohd , Rasidi Ibrahim Mohd , Zulafif Rahim Mohammad
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the solution of stress intensity factors of multiple cracks at the joint between two materials. Based on the literature survey, there are tremendous number of works found on the study of edge and central cracks. On the other hand, several papers on the multiple cracks can be also be found in open literature. However, the work on multiple cracks with different crack sizes are hard to find. Therefore, this paper focuses to study the crack interaction obtained from different crack sizes. ANSYS APDL is used to model and solve the problems considering the cracks embedded in the plain strain plate under tension stress. There are two important parameters are considered such crack sizes and mechanical mismatches between joint and based materials. Since the crack is symmetrical, only a quarter model is used and verified. Based on the numerical simulation, it is found that two factors are significantly affected the multiple cracks at the joints such as mechanical mismatches and relative crack sizes.
Parametric studies of ring and parallel coupled line resonators for matched bandstop filter design
Authors: Zobilah Abdullah Mohammed , Othman Adib , Shairi Noor Azwan , Zakaria Zahriladha
Published: April 2019

Recently, matched bandstop filters had become a substantial part of modern RF and microwave systems. However, in these types of filters, the key problem in the couplings of any microstrip resonators to transmission microstrip line is the variation or tolerance of the coupling gap. It was found that the bandstop response is very sensitive to the gap size of the coupled line. Therefore, this paper presents parametric studies of dual-mode parallel coupled line and ring resonator for matched bandstop filter design. For parallel coupled line resonator, it was found that with careful design and proper circuit parametric study on the coupling spacing, very high notch and matched return loss response were obtained. In contrast, for ring resonator, based on the simulated result, it was found that a very high notch and matched return loss response were obtained with careful design and proper circuit parametric study on the coupling spacing, width at coupling lines, and perturbed stub length.
Spectral coding performance under free space optical medium
Authors: Rahman A.K , Julai N , Jusoh M. , Rashidi C.B.M , Aljunid S.A , M.S Anuar , Talib M.F , Zamhari Nurdiani , Sahari S.K , Tamrin K.F. , Jong Rudiyanto P. , Zaidel D.N.A , Mohtadzar N.A.A , Sharip M.R.M , Samat Y.S
Published: April 2019

 This paper focus on performance of code Zero Correlation-Correlation (ZCC) in free space optical communication. The ZCC code has a superior characteristic which eliminate the overlapping code between any users. Due to this high class characteristic, the code improves the performance of the conventional code in free space optical environment. In this paper the analysis performance of bit error rate is considering the avalanche (APD) noise, thermal noise and multiuser interference. The result shows that ZCC code improve the performance of conventional code in term of number of users, power received and data bit rate.
Influence of optimization of control factors on threshold voltage of 18 nm HfO2/TiSi2 NMOS
Authors: Atan Norani , Yeop Majlis Burhanuddin Bin , Bin Ahmad Ibrahim , H. Chong K.
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the influence of control factors as the process in development of 18 nm gate length NMOS transistor. The threshold voltage (VTH) can be minimized by optimal the control factors. Five control factors were selected through experiments. They are Adjustment VTH Implantation, Compensation Implantation, Compensation Energy Implantation, Source/Drain Implantation and Halo Implantation.  While the two noise factors were introduced which are Phosphor Silicate Glass (PSG) temperature and Boron Phosphor Silicate Glass (BPSG) temperature to complete the combination with five control factors in process of Taguchi method L27 orthogonal array. The purpose of this research is to find the best value of interaction between combination controls factors and noise factors to achieve the best point of threshold voltage.  In CMOS design, the threshold voltage is the benchmarking of physical parameter for determining the functional of transistor. The Virtual Wafer Fabrication SILVACO software was used to fabricate the 18 nm NMOS device. Hafnium Oxide (HfO2) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) were utilized as the high-K materials and the Titanium Silicide (TiSi2) was utilized as metal gate. The statistics data are from the signal noise ratio (SNR) with nominal-the best (NTB) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of L27 orthogonal array are executed to minimize the variance of threshold voltage. The results show that the optimization and interaction method is achieved to perform the threshold voltage value with least variance  is 0.3055 volts while the target value that is 0.302 ± 12.7% volts from value recommendation by the International Roadmap for Semiconductor prediction 2012.
Solar pv system with pulsating heat pipe cooling
Authors: Roslan E. , Hassim I
Published: April 2019

Malaysia is blessed with high irradiance, making it suitable for solar photovoltaic installation for electricity generation. However, due to the broad wavelength of the solar irradiance, not all wavelength can be converted to electricity due to the limitation of the materials used for the photovoltaic. The infrared radiation absorbed produces heat, and coupled with high surrounding temperature, increases the temperature of the photovoltaic panel thus decreasing it efficiency. This paper presents the study of the effect of attaching pulsating heat pipe at the back of solar panel as a means of passive cooling. Pulsating heat pipe is a recent discovery in the heat pipe industry, introduced in 1996 by Akachi but has not been used for the purpose of cooling solar panels. This study shows the maximum difference between 5 Celsius between the pulsating heat pipe cooled panel and the reference panel without any cooling, resulting in 0.77% increase in electrical output efficiencyMalaysia is blessed with high irradiance, making it suitable for solar photovoltaic installation for electricity generation. However, due to the broad wavelength of the solar irradiance, not all wavelength can be converted to electricity due to the limitation of the materials used for the photovoltaic. The infrared radiation absorbed produces heat, and coupled with high surrounding temperature, increases the temperature of the photovoltaic panel thus decreasing it efficiency. This paper presents the study of the effect of attaching pulsating heat pipe at the back of solar panel as a means of passive cooling. Pulsating heat pipe is a recent discovery in the heat pipe industry, introduced in 1996 by Akachi but has not been used for the purpose of cooling solar panels. This study shows the maximum difference between 5 Celsius between the pulsating heat pipe cooled panel and the reference panel without any cooling, resulting in 0.77% increase in electrical output efficiency.
Prediction of overcurrent rRelay miscoordination time using artificial neural network
Authors: Karupiah S. , Hussain M. H. , Musirin I , Rahim S.R.A.
Published: April 2019

Overcurrent relay plays an important role in the protection of power system. For protection, proper coordination of relays with an appropriate relay settings need to be done. Coordination can be done by selecting an optimal Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) and Plug Setting (PS) considering the fault current at the relay location. Continuous Time Intervals (CTI) must be maintained between primary relay and secondary relay to ensure correct sequential operation of the relays. However, miscoordination can occurs due to secondary relay trips faster than primary relay. This paper presents an approach for predicting overcurrent relay miscoordination time using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm in MATLAB software. The efficiency of the proposed approach have been tested successfully on 17 bus test system. The simulation results indicated that the ANN Levenber-Maequardt algorithm is capable to predict the miscoordination time occurs between the primary and secondary relay operating time.
Evaluation of basic convolutional neural network and bag of features for leaf recognition
Authors: Sahidan Nurul Fatihah , Juha Ahmad Khairi , Ibrahim Zaidah
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the evaluation of basic Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Bag of Features (BoF) for Leaf Recognition. In this study, the performance of basic CNN and BoF for leaf recognition using a publicly available dataset called Folio dataset has been investigated. CNN has proven its powerful feature representation power in computer vision. The same goes with BoF where it has set new performance standards on popular image classification benchmarks and has achieved scalability breakthrough in image retrieval. The feature that is being utilized in the BoF is Speeded-Up Robust Feature (SURF) texture feature. The experimental results indicate that BoF achieves better accuracy compared to basic CNN.
An artificial intelligent approach for the optimization of organic rankine cycle power generation systems
Authors: Tan JianDing , Lim ChinWai , Koh SiawPaw , Tiong SiehKiong , Koay YingYing
Published: April 2019

The study on Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation system has gained significant popularity among researchers over the past decade, mainly due to the financial and environmental benefits that the system provides. A good maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mechanism can push the efficiency of an ORC to a higher rate. In this research, a Self-Adjusted Peak Search algorithm (SAPS) is proposed as the MPPT scheme of an ORC system. The SAPS has the ability to perform a relatively detailed search when the convergence reaches the near-optima peak without jeopardizing the speed of the overall convergence process. The SAPS is tested in a simulation to track for a moving maximum power pint (MPP) of an ORC system. Experiment results show that the SAPS outperformed several other well-established optimization algorithm in tracking the moving MPP, especially in term of the solution accuracies. It can thus be concluded that the proposed SAPS performs well as a mean of an MPPT scheme in an ORC system
Multistage artificial immune system for static VAR compensator planning
Authors: Nasir S. C. Mohd , Mansor M. H. , Musirin I , Othman M. M , Kuan T. M , Kamil K. , Abdullah M. N
Published: April 2019

Interconnected network of transmission and distribution lines lead to losses in the system and weakening the voltage stability in the system. Installing Static VAR Compensator (SVC) in power system has known to improve the system by minimizing the total loss and improve the voltage profile of the system. This paper presents the application of Multistage Artificial Immune System (MAIS) technique to determine optimal size of SVC. The performance of this technique is tested on the IEEE 14-Bus Reliability Test System (RTS). The optimization results show that the proposed Multistage Artificial Immune System (MAIS) technique gives better solution of SVC compensator planning problem compared to single stage Artificial Immune System (AIS) in terms of lower total system loss and improved minimum voltage magnitude.
Testbed versus simulation approach on RF communication with AAβ asymmetric encryption scheme on internet of things devices
Authors: Adnan Syed Farid Syed , Isa Mohd Anuar Mat , Hashim Habibah
Published: April 2019

The revolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) has given a better way of monitoring things including anything that could gather data and share the information over the internet. Most of the connected things are using Device to Device (D2D) connection to make it available on the internet such as client to a broker or client to a server. However, when IoT devices such as embedded devices and sensors that are connected to the internet, it becomes an open path for attackers to acquire the data and data vulnerably will become an issue. Thus, data integrity might become an issue, or the attackers could temper the data and could cause a disastrous domino effect to the interconnected IoT devices. Therefore, the data security collected from the sensors is substantial even though it could be a single character transmitted. However, IoT sensors are low powered devices in term of CPU, storage, memory and batteries. Securing the devices such as integrating the encryption algorithm computations might give overhead to the sensors and draining the batteries even faster than it is predicted. Alternatively, this paper attempts to explore the capabilities of the asymmetric scheme on resource constrained devices for its communications. Thus, this paper presents an RF communication analysis of a low consumption asymmetric encryption, the AAβ (AA-Beta) especially on encryption section that is likely to be feasible on IoT devices to preserve the data integrity. The design of RF transmission has been considered to suit the RF transceiver capability to prevent data losses and error from occurring. The result shows that 2.35 times of RF transmits runtime increased compared to RF simulation runtime. Meanwhile, at the receiver side, the runtime increases 60% compared to the simulation.
Hybrid backpropagation neural network-particle swarm optimization for seismic damage building prediction
Authors: Yusoff Marina , Najib Faris Mohd , Ismail Rozaina
Published: April 2019

The evaluation of the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes is of prime importance to ensure a good plan can be generated for the disaster preparedness to civilians. Most of the attempts are directed in calculating the damage index of buildings to determine and predict the vulnerability to certain scales of earthquakes. Most of the solutions used are traditional methods which are time consuming and complex. Some of initiatives have proven that the artificial neural network methods have the potential in solving earthquakes prediction problems. However, these methods have limitations in terms of suffering from local optima, premature convergence and overfitting. To overcome this challenging issue, this paper introduces a new solution to the prediction on the seismic damage index of buildings with the application of hybrid back propagation neural network and particle swarm optimization (BPNN-PSO) method. The prediction was based on damage indices of 35 buildings around Malaysia. The BPNN-PSO demonstrated a better result of 89% accuracy compared to the traditional backpropagation neural network with only 84%. The capability of PSO supports fast convergence method has shown good effort to improve the processing time and accuracy of the results.
Convolutional neural network vs bag of features for bambara groundnut leaf disease recognition
Authors: Hamzah Hafizatul Hanin , Sabri Nurbaity , Ibrahim Zaidah , Isa Dino
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates bambara groundnut leaf disease recognition using two popular techniques known as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Bag of Features (BOF) with Speeded-up Robust Feature (SURF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier.  Leaf disease recognition has attracted many researchers because the outcome is useful for farmers. One of the crops that provide high income for farmers is bambara groundnut but the leaves are easily infected with diseases especially after the rain.  This could affect the crop productivity.  Thus, automatic disease recognition is crucial.  A new dataset that consists of 400 images of the infected and non-infected leaves of bambara groundnut has been constructed. The experimental results indicate that both of these techniques produce excellent leaf disease recognition accuracy.
Performance effect of applying paraffin wax on solar photovoltaic backplate
Authors: Roslan E. , Razak A.
Published: April 2019

The efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is affected by its operating temperature. Having high irradiance produces high electrical output but also heats up the panel and reducing the panels efficiency. This study investigates the effect of cooling solar PV panels using 750g of paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM) applied to the back plate of a solar PV panel. The experiment is done at Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. The result is reduction of up to 9.5°C, increase of up to 0.947W or 11.82% of electrical power output when compared to the panel without any PCM applied. The panel cooled with PCM also produced 4.69% more energy
A novel approach of multiplier design based on BCD decoder
Authors: Alkurwy Salah
Published: April 2019

A novel approach of multiplier design is presented in this paper. The design idea is implemented based on binary coded decimal (BCD) decoder to seven segment display, by computing all the probability of multiplying 3 3 binary digits bits and grouping in table rows. The obtaining of the combinational logic functions is achieved by simplified the generated columns of [A5: A0], using a Karnaugh map. Then, the 3 3-bits multiplier circuit is used to implement the 6x6- and 12x 12-bit multipliers. Comparing with a conventional multiplier, the proposed design outperformed in terms of the time delay by a 32% and 41.8% respectively. It is also reduced the combinational adaptive look-up-tables (ALUTs) by 24.6%, and 46% for both multipliers. Both overmentioned advantages make the proposed multipliers more attractive and suitable for high-speed digital systems

 

 

 

 

 

 
The effectiveness of frog VLE implementation: students’ perspective
Authors: Majid Rogayah Abdul , Hasim Juhaida Che
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the effectiveness of the Frog VLE implementation from students’ perspectives. Virtual Learning Environment (VLEs) is an online systems supporting interactions between and amongst learners and teachers in school. The Frog VLE is a web-based learning system that replicates real life learning by incorporating virtual learning equivalent of traditional concepts of education with the aim to  enhance the learning experience beyond the bounded classroom background. Previous studies have identified some difficulties in the Frog VLE implementation such as competency of the teachers and student, facilities and infrastructure of implementing the Frog VLE in school. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the effectiveness of the Frog VLE implementation from student perspective as VLE platform may lead to the performance improvement among the students. A survey was conducted with 315 participants,  consists of Year 4 and Year 5 primary school students in Shah Alam. The result of the study shows that from the “nature of student self, teacher’s competency, useful and ease of use of the application, and conducive learning environment have improve students’ academic performance and motivation.
Conceptual implementation of a data logger with a graphical user interface data extraction program
Authors: Fazil Rahman Ahmad Shukri Fazil Rahman , Mat Zali Samila , Yaakob Shamshul Bahar , Abdul Razak Abdul Rahim , Hasan Mohd Zamri , Mohd Tahar Siti Hajar
Published: April 2019

A Graphical User Interface (GUI) design was developed to extract data from a data logger. The low-cost data logger was developed using a common pic18f4550 microcontroller. Simple data recording feature is implemented by using the Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) module from the microcontroller unit. The GUI software employed VB.net 2013 and has been tested to work in window 10 environment.  Simulation work was performed with temperature and humidity sensors using Proteus VSM software. Upon simulation, the GUI shows its capability of extracting measured data from the data logger and converting the data to a Comma-Separated Values, (CSV) format for further analysis.