bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsültan Hekim ve Müdavi Hekimin Sorumluluklarının Kaynakları
Authors: Özaydın Vehbi
Published: September 2024

Hastane içi işleyişlerden biri de konsültasyon işlemleridir. Giderek artan birden fazla rahatsızlığı olan hastalar sebebi ile konsültasyon daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Konsültasyon yatay ekip çalışma örneklerinden biri olarak kabul edilir. Konsültasyon işleminin bileşenleri müdavi hekim, konsültan hekim ve hastadır. Konsültasyon konusu ile ilgili tek bir mevzuat yoktur. Konsültasyon konusunun farklı mevzuatlarda alt başlıklar şeklinde işlendiğini görüyoruz. Son yıllarda özellikle acil servislerdeki işleyişin daha hızlı olması için idare tarafından birtakım düzenlemeler yapıldı. Bu düzenlemeler acil servis işleyişinde konsültasyona yeni bir boyut kattı. Hastanın cezai sorumluluğu müdavi hekimin sorumluluğunda olup kamuda çalışan hekimler için tazminat sorumluluğu ve organizasyon kusuru için idarenin sorumluluğundan bahsedilebilir. İçtihatlarda konsültasyon istenmemesi ile ilgili müdavi hekimin kusurlu bulunduğu örnekler mevcuttur.
Evaluation of Pre-Hospital Healthcare Personnel’s Knowledge and Experience Levels About Prone CPR: A Survey Study
Authors: Karakoyun Fatma , Pamukçu Günaydın Gül , Genç Murat
Published: September 2024

Aim: Prone cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (CPR performed in the prone position) is an important intervention for managing cardiopulmonary arrest in patients that experience cardiopulmonary arrest in the prone position. It is important for pre-hospital healthcare personnel to learn and practice this technique when necessary. This study aims to determine the knowledge level of pre-hospital healthcare personnel on this prone CPR.

Material and Methods: Our study is a cross-sectional survey study conducted at a single center. Pre-hospital healthcare personnel who transferred patients by ambulance to Ankara City Hospital between July 1-31, 2021, were included in the study. Participants were given a total of 31 questions, 24 of which aimed to determine demographic information and educational status, and 7 of which assessed theoretical knowledge about prone CPR.

Results: A total of 99 pre-hospital healthcare personnel participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 32±5 (Mean±SD). Examination of the responses revealed that half of the participants (n=45, 45.5%) had transported patients in the prone position, yet the majority had not received any training on prone CPR (n=73, 73.7%) and had never performed prone CPR (n=88, 88.9%). Participants knowledge levels were low about prone CPR, with a mean total correct anaswer rate of 3±1 (Mean±SD) out of 7 questions, median of 3 (0-6) (min-max). Mean and median number of total correct answers were compared according to participants' gender, prone CPR training status, years of experience, previous experience in prone CPR, the school of graduation, professional title, guideline reading status, routine CPR training status. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups.

Conclusion: We observed that healthcare personnel working in pre-hospital ambulance services do not have sufficient knowledge or training about prone CPR. Since pre-hospital healthcare personnel may encounter prone CPR, there is a need for training on performing prone CPR in this group.
Retrospective Evaluation of Adolescent Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Suicidal Attempt
Authors: Danış Faruk , Baranoğlu Kılınç Yasemin
Published: September 2024

Aim: Suicide attempts among adolescents are a major public health problem. It is important to understand the prevalence of suicide attempts in the adolescent population and the risk factors underlying the attempts so that the necessary precautions can be taken by health authorities. We therefore aimed to retrospectively evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of adolescent patients presented to the emergency department due to suicide attempts.

Material and Methods: This retrospective observational study included adolescent patients aged 10-19 years who presented to the emergency department for suicide attempt between August 01, 2018 and July 31, 2023. Ethics committee approval was obtained and data were collected from the hospital automation system through ICD codes. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, intervention methods, treatment processes and outcomes of the patients were analysed in detail.

Results: Of the 126 patients included in the study, 80.2% were female, 19.8% were male, and the mean age was 184 months. 97.6% of the patients attempted suicide by ingestion of drugs or substances, and the rest of the patients preferred methods such as jumping from a height, firearm and sharp instrument use. Depression was the most common comorbid psychiatric disorder and was identified in 73.7% of the adolescents in the study. 42.1% of the patients presented to the emergency department with complaints such as nausea/vomiting and tendency to sleep with suicide attempt. Treatments such as gastric lavage and activated charcoal were administered in the majority of admissions.

Conclusion: This study reveals that suicide attempts are an important public health problem in the adolescent population and psychiatric disorders, especially depression, play a role in these attempts. It was observed that suicide attempts were more common among adolescent females. The findings emphasize the importance of early screening and interventions for psychiatric disorders for the prevention and management of suicide attempts in adolescents. The findings of the study shed light on efforts to review and improve current management strategies and demonstrate the need for large-scale community-based studies.
Factors influencing preventive self-care behaviors to avert Diabetes Mellitus among Thai Buddhist Monks, Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand, Noo-in Supattra , Khiewkhern Santisith ,   Faculty of Public Health, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand, Somdee Thidarat ,   Faculty of Public Health, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
Published: September 2024

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate factors related to self-care behavior for diabetes mellitus prevention among 393 Thai Buddhist monks in the upper northeastern region of Thailand. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentages, means, minimums, maximums, and standard deviations. Relationships between factors related to self-care behaviors among Buddhist monks were analyzed using bivariate analysis (chi-square test) and multivariate analysis (binary logistic regression). The findings demonstrated that significant factors included age under 35 years (AOR=5.34, 95% CI=2.02-14.14), eating two meals per day (AOR=2.99, 95% CI=1.33-6.76), self-management (AOR=6.51, 95% CI=3.52-12.02), access to health information and health services (AOR=0.26, 95% CI=0.15-0.47), and making correct health decisions (AOR=1.98, 95% CI=1.04-3.78). These factors were significantly related to self-care behaviors among Buddhist monks (p < 0.05). The study concludes that improving health literacy among Thai Buddhist monks, particularly those under 35 years of age, is crucial for effective T2DM prevention. Targeted health education programs can significantly enhance their self-management skills, enable them to make informed health decisions, and encourage the adoption of better self-care and consumption behaviors.
Health literacy program among the elderly with hypertension: a systematic review
Authors:   Department of Disease Control, The Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Onprasonk Suwattana , Trinnawoottipong Kannika ,   Department of Disease Control, The Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Buntrai Sarach ,   Department of Disease Control, The Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Khon Kaen, Thailand
Published: September 2024

Health literacy programs (HLP) have been recognized as key factors in promoting health and in changing caregiving behaviors for older adults with hypertension, which have resulted in quality of life and continued good health. This systematic review was conducted with the aim of summarizing the effects of Health literacy programs (HLP) among the elderly with hypertension. From January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2022, the formulation of research questions was based on PICO and utilized a combination of the Boolean operators (AND or OR). The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach was used to choose the studies. The inclusion criteria, data extraction, and bias risk assessment screening were carried out independently by two reviewers. A total of eight papers were found to meet the criteria for review. The intervention exhibited notable variations both in terms of the quantity and the durations of the sessions. Nevertheless, the content remained predominantly similar, with a primary emphasis on health literacy. The studies, which had employed group-based interventions or had used a face-to-face individual approach, had been implemented in clinical settings or within communities. All the articles had used a combination of didactics and facilitation. However, the findings were not determined to be consistent across all studies. The patterns of enhancing HL among the elderly with hypertension are becoming increasingly important, and can, thereby, contribute to more efficiently controlling hypertension levels.
Metacognición y daño cerebral: notas para una estrategia cualitativa de evaluación
Authors: Saldaña Sage David
Published: September 2024

Metacognition refers to peoples ability to regulate their own behaviour and cognitions, as well as the knowledge they have about them. Although itis a decisive variable in the rehabilitation of brain damaged subjects, intervention programmes and assessment procedures focused on metacognitive processes are scarce. In this article, the desired characteristics that an instrument for the evaluation of self-regulation and metacognitive knowledge should have are reviewed. A specific strategy that follows these principles is also presented, together with the results of its application to a sample of seven subjects with brain damage of diverse nature.
Perfil social de los subtipos del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad
Authors: LORA MUÑOZ José Antonio , MORENO GARCÍA Inmaculada
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes the existing relation between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and different social profiles, as much at descriptive level as predictive. For it, 150 students (10-16 years) and 14 professors, selected randomly of 14 scholastic centers have evaluated themselves to. The obtained results have shown that the children with hyperactive symptoms differ from the students controls in all the variables of socialization except in social anxiety and timidity. The social self-control constitutes the main variable implied in the diminution of the hyperactive symptoms. Also, oppositional and social retirement accentuate the hyperactive symptoms in differentiated ADHD subtypes (attention-deficit and combined Subtype). Finally. the group with combined symptoms shows a misadjusted profile of socialization comparatively more, with high oppositional and little consideration with the others.
Desarrollo de las relaciones con padres y hermanos en adolescentes argentinos
Authors: FACIO Alicia , RESETT Santiago
Published: September 2024

Changes in relationships with parents and siblings were longitudinally studied at ages 13-15 and 15-17 in 604 8th-10th graders from Paraná, Argentina. In both waves they completed questions on personal relationships, Kovacks Child Depression Inventory and Jakobsen et al. Substance Use Scale. Although closeness to parents had decreased,at ages 15-17 the vast majority felt satisfied with them; they were the most beloved and admired people and they ranked first as support providers in different situations. Mothers were preferred over fathers and the father-daughter bond was more distant than the father-son one. Siblings ranked third among the most loved people, the relationshipwith them was satisfactory and the fraternal quarrels, infrequent. Those having a better family relationship at age 13-15 showed less depressive symptoms and less substance use two years later.
Análisis de las actitudes prejuiciosas: aplicaciones de una medida de prejuicio manifiesto
Authors: Moreno Jiménez Mª Pilar , Durán Durán Mª Auxiliadora
Published: September 2024

In this research has been applied a Blatant prejudice questionary to measure this type ofprejudice in our social and cultural context. Specifically, the aíms of this study were both to know the Blatant prejudice índex to the Maghribian immigrants and to analyse the factor structure ofthe questionary and the correlation matrix among the different scales. The sample included 142 subjects. Results show that the 14,6% ofthe sample presents lightly racist altitudes, or at least an attitude not really favourable to the immigrants integration. The factor structure is not coincident with the original study, but nevertheless the Ítems' distribution is more congruent. Finally, the correlation matrix indicates high and signifícant correlation indexes, although the different scales don't seem to provide redundant or superfluous information.
Estilo personal del terapeuta y dirección de intereses
Authors: CORBELLA i SANTOÑA Sergi , FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ Héctor , SAÚL GUTIERREZ Luis Ángel , GARCÍA Fernando , BOTELLA i GARCÍA DEL CID Lluis
Published: September 2024

The principal aim of the present study is to penetrate into the knowledge of the Personal Style of the Therapist (EPT) and to study the relations between different functions of this style and the direction of interests of the therapists in training. The EPT is evaluated by the questionnaire EPT-C (Fernandez-Alvarez, García, LoBianco, & Corbella, 2003) that distinguishes six functions that allow drawing the personal profile of every therapist: instruccional. attentional, expressive. operational and involucrative. The direction of interest of the therapist is evaluated across the questionnaire D1Q (Caine,. Wijesinghe &Winter, 1981), which distinguishes between an internal or external direction. The sample of the study is form by 91 licentiates (9.9 % men and 90.1 % women) that are dealing a Master in psychotherapy. The results of the analyses indicate a few moderate and significant correlations between the functions attentional (receptive) and operative (spontaneously) and the internal direction of interests
Enlazando en el tiempo la Semántica General y la Psicoterapia Cognitiva
Authors: CARO GABALDA Isabel
Published: September 2024

Similarities and differences between Standard Cognitive Therapy, Constructivist Models and Linguistic Evaluation Therapy are described. Linguistic Evaluation Therapy is based in General Semantics.
Variables familiares asociadas a la conducta antisocial infantil: el papel desempeñado por el tipo de estructura familiar
Authors: ANTOLÍN SUÁREZ Lucía , OLIVA DELGADO Alfredo , ARRANZ FREIJO Enrique
Published: September 2024

This paper has two mains aims: to examine differences in variables associated with antisocial behaviour between types of family structure, and to analyze the association between family structure and antisocial behaviour. The sample consisted of 214 families composed by parents and children aged from 3 to 10 years. Six different types of family structure were considered in the study: traditional, single, step, adoptive, lesbian and gays and multiple births families. Results showed high homogeneity in variables associated with antisocial behaviour between types of family structure. Moreover, results indicated that when third-variable effects were controlled, antisocial behaviour did not show significant relationship with the type of family structure. This last result leads to the conclusion that it is not the family structure itself a risk factor to children’s antisocial behaviour. CITE AS:Antolín Suárez, L., Oliva Delgado, A. & Arranz Freijo, E. (2009). Variables familiares asociadas a la conducta antisocial infantil: el papel desempeñado por el tipo de estructura familiar. Apuntes de Psicología, 27, 475-487.
Situación sociopersonal en el ámbito familiar de los estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad física y/o sensorial
Authors: POLO SÁNCHEZ M Tamara , LÓPEZ JUSTICIA M Dolores
Published: September 2024

This research focused on the influence the personal relations, such as those that are generated in the family context, in the university students. The scope of application is confined to a sector of university population from Granada with physical and/or sensorial disability, integrated by 29 students, of age superior to the 24 years, residents in capital Granada. In order to achieve this goal we used a scale that revealed in the section ofthe interpersonal relations the existence of a positive and protector family context. The data, although amply coincident with the scarce studies made by other authors, suggest the necessity to investigate and carry out specific studies with this objectives, because the family becomes the most effective psychological and didactic stimulus of the people with disability throughout her development.
Evaluación de tipologías en toxicomanías
Authors: Marcos Sierra Juan Antonio , Tenorio Iglesias José , Millán Jiménez Ara , Pérez Molina Javier , Rosa Fernández Carlos
Published: September 2024

The article presents the results of a study of a classification based on four types of drug abuse: Type A (traumatic), Type B (derived from present neurosis), Type C (transition) and Type D (sociopathic personality disorders). In this article, the characteristics and therapeutic evolution of a sample of 110 heroin addicts belonging to four outpatient clinics and a therapeutic community in Seville were studied. The results point to some variables that should be considered in the analysis of demand. It is concluded that the drug abuse types should be taken into account when both specific prevention and therapeutic programmes are designed and implemented.
La intervención en esquizofrenia: nuevos avances desde la investigación y la práctica clínica
Authors: PERONA GARCELÁN Salvador
Published: September 2024

Editorial
El discursos social del prejuicio hacia los inmigrantes en la provincia de Almería
Authors: Rebolloso Pacheco Enrique , Hernández Plaza Sonia , Andrés Cantón Pilar
Published: September 2024

Abstract Over the past few years, a great deal of research on what is known as new racism has been carried out in our country. Most of these studies respond to the apparent present tendency to express ethnic prejudice in more subtle and less extreme forms than in previous recent History. Subtle racism, modern racism, and symbolic racism are some of the terms that have been coined to describe current ethnic prejudice. Most of the studies on new racism in Spain resort to quantitative methodology, mainly using translations of questionnaires that have been developed in other countries. However, there are few studies that have explored and analysed the reality of new racism using qualitative research techniques, Given the novelty of this phenomenon and the social nature of prejudice, the focus group technique is suggested as an adequate tool for the analysis of racial attitudes. In the present paper results obtained with this methodology are described, showing the different and diverse ways in which attitudes towards immigrants are expressed in our particular social context. For achieving this objective, the content analysis technique is combined with the strategy of qualitative analysis of discourse.
Nuevas tecnologías: nuevos instrumentos y nuevos espacios para la psicología
Authors: Saldaña Sage David
Published: September 2024

Un ejército de pequeñas pantallas ha invadido los hogares, las empresas, la consultas y las escuelas de los países más desarrollados. El uso de ordenadores ha sustituido a la máquina de escribir y el archivador de papel y el correo electrónico ha tomado el lugar de las cartas manuscritas. Las que eran prácticas profesionales cotidianas hace tan sólo diez años están desapareciendo a tal velocidad que no parece que hayan formado nunca parte de nuestra biografía, y las que las sustituyen probablemente pasen al olvido antes de que tengamos tiempo de sentirnos dueños de ellas.
Importancia de las creencias en la modulación del dolor crónico: concepto y evaluación
Authors: Camacho Martel Laura , Anarte Ortiz María Teresa
Published: September 2024

This work analyses some aspects that are the object of a great deal of research from the cognitivebehaviour framework, in particular cognitive variables and their role on pain perception in patients with chronic pain. In recent studies, chronic pain has been studied from the perspective of the Process Stress Model. The pain is considered as a stressful experience and, therefore, assessed as such by the individual. Cognitive variables such as control perception, expectations about pain, helplessness, or catastrophizing seem to be relevant to the study of cognitive processes and of the strategies used in coping with pain.
Un estudio preliminar sobre la identidad nacional: comparación de las perspectivas piagetiana y vygotskiana
Authors: García Amián Josué , Macías Gómez-Estern Beatríz
Published: September 2024

This work's goal is the discussion, in a comparative study, of different ways of approaching the topic of national identity from two theoretical traditions: the Piagetian and the Vygotskian. In order to do so, 48 subjects (ages 7 to 14), of which 32 of whom assisted school regularly and 16 of whom did not, were interviewed following a Piagetian format. The school-attending children were also asked to write a composition about their feelings of belonging. Results obtained lead us to consider the narrative mode of thinking more favourably than logic-scientific reasoning as an adequate basis for subjects' explanations of social relationships.
La participación del padre en las tareas de crianza y cuidado de sus hijos e hijas
Authors: Menéndez Álvarez-Dardet Susana , Hidalgo García Mª Victoria
Published: September 2024

In spite of the growing tendency to equality between men and women in our culture, there are still some contexts, such as the family, in which a a typical and asimetric division of tasks and responsabilities is still predominant. We resume in this article the way in which child rearing tasks are unequally distributed in homes and describe ourown results in relation to this topic. Although an unequal distribution of tasks related to the care of children is beyond doubt, both data in the relevant literature and from our own study show that this tendency has a great degree of variability, related to characteristics of the family context, such as the mother working out of the home.
El psicólogo como orientador en la educación secundaria
Authors: Luque Lozano Alfonso , Crespo García María , Rodríguez Ortiz Isabel de los Reyes , Toucedo Carmona Mª del Mar
Published: September 2024

Este documento es el resultado de los trabajos y discusiones que tuvieron lugar con ocasión de las Jornadas Técnicas sobre Orientacién en Secundaria organizadas por el Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos y celebradas en Sevilla los días 14 y 21 de mayo de 1994. En él se recogen las aportaciones del medio centenar de participantes en las mismas.
La intervención psicoeducativa en las dificultades de aprendizaje de las matemáticas
Authors: Rodríguez Ortiz Isabel de los Reyes
Published: September 2024

The first part of this paper describes mathematics learning disabilities using a four dimensional framework of the teaching-learning process: disabilities referring to the students, which include resources, heuristics, metacognition, beliefs and attitudes; those referring to the teacher’s education and the influence of his/her beliefs and attitudes on his/her teaching practices; those referring to the curriculum, which include contents, instructional methods and assessment procedures; and those referring to the context in which the teaching-learning process develops. The second, section reviews approaches, techniques and resources developed to face the disabilities identified in the first part. Special emphasis is placed on the role the psychologist must play.
Una revisión crítica de la edición de la evidencia experimental del fenómeno de percepción extrasensorial: aciertos y errores de un paradigma de monotonización perceptiva
Authors: Pérez Navarro José Miguel , Lawrence Anthony R.
Published: September 2024

In this article, we review the experimental evidence for extrasensory perception (ESP). We focus on studies carried out at academic centers and universities which used a particular experimental design for sensory isolation and perceptual monotonisation, the Ganzfeld. First, we describe the methodology U¡ed in these studies. Secondly, we review the results achieved, and examine the arguments put forward by the critics, in three phases of research in the area: 1) The first Ganzfeld studies, conducted and published from 1974 to 1981, and their methodological drawbacks; 2) the evidence provided with the Autoganzfeld studies conducted by Honorton and his colleagues at the Psychophysical Research Laboratory (Princeton) from 1983 to 1989, and published in the Psychological Bulletin in 1994; and 3) the studies from the new generation, from 1986, and the lack of replication observed. We also examine a critical review by Milton and Wiseman published, also in the Psychological Bulletin, in 1999, and analyse a series of aspects put forward in reply to the criticisms. To finish, we conclude that although the results achieved so far are highly indicative of the existence of an anomalous process of information transfer, proof-oriented work is pertinent at this stage of research in the area.
La Psicología del Deporte y la Psicología de la Salud: dos campos profesionales y un objetivo común
Authors: CANTÓN CHIRIVELLA Enrique , CHECA ESQUIVA Irene
Published: September 2024

The expansion of sport psychology as a scientific discipline and applied in recent years has resulted in the opening of new fields of intervention, but also the interface with some existing ones. The aim of this paper is to define which areas of wok that the sport psychology shares with the health psychology and what are those in which, although they share the objective, the means are different. CITE AS:Cantón Chirivella, E. & Checa Esquiva, I. (2010). La Psicología del Deporte y la Psicología de la Salud: dos campos profesionales y un objetivo común. Apuntes de Psicología, 28, 307-314.
El psicólogo del siglo XXI y los trastornos por déficit de atención
Authors: Moreno García Inmaculada , Morales López Manuel
Published: September 2024

This work analyzes the role that today's pscyhologist plays in relation to attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Emphasis is placed on the need for specialization due both to the complex characteristics of the disorder and the development of clinical psychology. A- multidisciplinary approach is proposed. Among the specific duties of the psychologist is a well-based differential diagnosis, based on commonly accepted criteria. Reference is made to the currently most used diagnostic instruments. The article ends reviewing some of the present and future trends in the study and treatment of this disorder.
Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg: fiabilidad y validez en población clínica española
Authors: VÁZQUEZ MOREJÓN Antonio J , JIMÉNEZ GARCÍA-BÓVEDA Rosa , VÁZQUEZ-MOREJÓN JIMÉNEZ Raquel
Published: September 2024

Reliability and validity of a Spanish adaptation of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) were studied on a sample of 533 outpatients treated at the Community Mental Healh Center. Results confirm a high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Likewise the data shows the validity – constructs validity and known-groups validity- of the instrument. The ease of the application of this test and their acceptable psychometric characteristics are an important support for clinical use.
Un estudio naturalista sobre el cambio de los conflictos cognitivos durante la psicoterapia
Authors: FEIXAS i VIAPLANA Guillén , SAÚL GUTIÉRREZ Luis Ángel , WINTER David , WATSON Susan
Published: September 2024

The authors present a proposal to operationalize and assess the change of a type of eognitive confiict called implicative dilemma (iD) in the context of personal construct theory. In a sample of 87 patients, Dls and symptoms are ssessed at the beginning and the end ofthe psychotherapy process. Results suggest that psychotherapy reduces both of them. Moreover, ehe decrease of Dls seems tobe related with syrnptom improvement, for what, a relation is estimated between the presence of ID and symptom reduction, a result thai should be confirmed in controlled siudies. Ouerall, these results suggest te include protocols te work with dilemmas as a way to improve the bencflts of the psychotherapy for those patienis who have them.
Evolución del aprendizaje: fundamentos metateóricos a un siglo de la tesis de Thorndike
Authors: Papini Mauricio E.
Published: September 2024

A hundred years after Thorndike's dissertation, the comparative psychology of learning seems ready for a reassessment of its foundations. Research has been influenced in recent decades by an ecological view that emphasizes adaptive significance. Recent progress in evolutionary biology suggests that many aspects of the genotype and phenotype of widely divergent species are strikingly stable. Such findings provide a sound biological basis for the type of general-process view of learning advocated by Thorndike in his dissertation, according to which learning mechanisms are common to a wide range of species.
En recuerdo de Miquel Siguan, colegiado honorario del COP-AO
Authors: PALACIOS GONZÁLEZ Jesús
Published: September 2024

In memoriam CITE AS:Palacios González J. (2010). En recuerdo de Miquel Siguan, colegiado honorario del COP-AO. Apuntes de Psicología, 28, 173-176.
Perspectivas metodológicas en la medición de los efectos de un programa de intervención con adolescentes: la evaluación pretest-postest y los cuestionarios de evaluación del programa
Authors: GARAIGORDOBIL LANDAZABAL Maite
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is three-fold: 1) to show the characteristics of a program carried out with adolescents; 2) to analyze the effects of the intervention in factors of socio-emotional development by means of the questionnaires to evaluate the program; and 3) to compare the results obtained when evaluating the program with two assessment  methodologies (pre-posttest experimental assessment and questionnaires to evaluate the program). The sample is made up of 174 adolescents from 12 to 14 years of age, 125 in the experimental group and 49 controls. The study uses an experimental multi-group pre-posttest design with repeated measures and control groups. The results suggest that pre-posttest assessment is more suitable when the goal is to validate the intervention, whereas the questionnaires are useful as screening instruments. The results obtained in the questionnaires completed by adolescents and adults were very coherent. Moreover, high convergence was confirmed between the results of the pre-posttest assessment andthose of the questionnaires. The positive effects of the program on diverse factors of socioemotional development are observed with both methodologies: communication, positive social behaviors, cooperation, empathy, self-concept, concept of companions, negative social behaviors, and prejudices.
La intervención con familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial. Aportaciones desde un enfoque psicoeducativo
Authors: HIDALGO GARCÍA M Victoria , MENÉNDEZ ÁLVAREZ-DARDET Susana , SÁNCHEZ HIDALGO José , LORENCE LARA Bárbara , JIMÉNEZ GARCÍA Lucía
Published: September 2024

The intervention with at-risk families has changed greatly over recent decades. Thus, an intervention mainly welfare and deficit has advanced to a prevention intervention that aims to strengthen and preserve families. In this approach are framed the parent psychoeducational programs, whose main characteristics are exposed in this paper. A sample of this kind of prevention intervention for parent is the family program coordinated by Social Services at Seville Council. “Training and Family Support Program” is for at-risk families who received a psychosocial intervention by Social Service for family preservation reason. CITE AS:Hidalgo García, M.V., Menéndez Álvarez-Dardet, S., Sánchez Hidalgo, J., Lorence Lara, B. & Jiménez García, L. (2009). La intervención con familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial. Aportaciones desde un enfoque psicoeducativo. Apuntes de Psicología, 27, 413-426.
La historia es el tratamiento. Introducción a la terapia social
Authors: Holzman Lois , Polk Hugh
Published: September 2024

History is tbe Cure. An introduction to Social Therapy brings together foundational and clinical practice discussions of Social Therapy, a psychotherapy based on Marxian methodology, developed in the United States. This introduction highlights the main theoretical underpinnings, concepts and goals of the Social Therapy practice and movement and thus serves not only as an introduction to other readings but to the foundations of Social Therapy as an activist (practical- critical) challenge to traditional developmental, clinical and educational psychology. Major influences on Social Therapy are Lev Vygotsky's socio- cultural theory of activity and his discovery that learning leads development, and Frantz Fanow's identification of how oppresion (especially of people of color) stops development
Basic to Social Therapy is the understanding that human Deings live simultancously in society and history. When societies adapt their members to society and not to history, they become alienated from even the process of their own (individual, cultural, and historical) development. Thus, subjectivity is understood in contemporary societies as private and individuated while, in fact, itis-notmerely instrumentally, butontologically- soctal, Conflictand contradiction grow out of the societally-organized (but historically-determined) incoherency, benween history and society, between the historical activity of human beings as producers of change and the societal behavior of human beings as objects to be changed. Emotional problems, learning problems, psychopathology, etc., are treated in Social Therapy by facilitating groups of people collectively producing change -building new environments that meet their needs. It is proposed that, in the face of the increasing difficulty of adapting to international society in economic, political, social and moral crisis (and thus not adaptable 10), Social Therapy reinitiates development by helping people adpat to history (and therefore to the actual human life space, society/history). Social Therapy as a developmental therapy of empowerment and a methodology for a human science is discussed.
Estudio sobre la identificación y vivencia de violencia en parejas adolescentes
Authors: SAMANIEGO GARCÍA Esperanza , FREIXAS FARRÉ Anna
Published: September 2024

The subject of this investigation focuses on violence in relationships amongst adolescent couples, whose existence is detected in the early stages of the relationship before thecouple lives together. This study is of value because the nature of an adolescent relationship at the beginning sets precedent for what will happen in the future when the couple is settled andboth parties are adults. The goal of this investigation is to find out the types of mistreatment in adolescent relationships that students from two secondary schools aged between 15-16 yearsold, identify and acknowledge to live, utilizing a questionnaire. The results show that there is a considerable number of students that do not identify the abuse in adolescent relationships. On the other hand, the result also shows that the experience of dating violence happens with considerable frequency, being more experience the sexual and psychological type. CITE AS:Samaniego García, E. & Freixas Farré, A. (2010). Estudio sobre la identificación y vivencia de violencia en parejas adolescentes. Apuntes de Psicología, 28, 349-366.
Estereotipo de los ancianos: percepción de los ancianos sobre sí mismos y sobre su grupo
Authors: GÓMEZ CARROZA Teresa , LEÓN DEL BARCO Benito
Published: September 2024

Most of investigations on the stereotypes in the oldness they are centered in studying the perception that on the greater ones other groups of age have. To a lesser extent, other investigations analyze the perception that the greater ones have on their own group. Before the emptiness on what it thinks the old one on he himself, we have seted out to know: I low are perceived the old ones within their group?, how perceives the old one to the components of its generational group? and the existence of correlation between hetero-stereotyping and self-stereotyping of the greater person. For it we elaborated a list of 30 adjectives that measured the hetero-stereotyping and the selfstereotyping of the greater people. From the analyses made to a sample of 539 old ones it is interesting the resistance and the difference found throughout the study between self-stereotyping and hetero-stereotyping;, that is to say, between the structure of beliefs that the subject maintains on itself and the structure of beliefs that the subject maintains on the rest of the old ones. CITE AS:Gómez Carroza, T. & León Del Barco, B. (2010). Estereotipo de los ancianos: percepción de los ancianos sobre sí mismos y sobre su grupo. Apuntes de Psicología, 28, 5-18.
Evaluación del lenguaje interno ansiógeno y depresógeno en la experiencia de dolor crónico
Authors: Cano García Francisco Javier , Rodríguez Franco Luis
Published: September 2024

This work adapts two assessment scales of anxious and depressive self- statements, the Anxious Self-Statements Questionnaire (ASSQ) (Kendall y Hollon, 1989), and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) (Hollon y Kendall, 1980), respectively, to use with chronic pain patients. We analysed 205 patients from different diagnostics in Seville. We confirmed a good reliability (Cronbach's Alfa and Spearman Brown half-split procedures); structure validity (Principal Components Factor Analysis); concurrent validity, construct validity and predictive validity (Pearson's correlations, using different measures, like sensory pain parameters, negative thoughts, coping strategies, pain behaviors, locus of control and self- efficacy expectancies).
Demanda de apoyo psicosocial en cuidadores de niños con enfermedades de baja prevalencia
Authors: MORENO GARCÍA Inmaculada , ANTEQUERA JURADO Rosario , AIRES GONZÁLEZ M del Mar , COLADO HUERTAS Salud , DÍAZ RUBIALES Susana
Published: September 2024

The denomination of rare diseases includes a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by their low prevalence, estimated in less than 5 cases each 10.000 inhabitants. They are chronic diseases, difficult to diagnose, without a complete therapeutic response. It envolves decreasing life expectancy and significant problems to affected individuals. Its adverse impact extends to the family. The work carried out to this context has the following objectives: a) to analyze parents’ perception with regard to the consequences of their children disease and their care and support needs and b) to determine the influence of the associated disability. 33 parents of children diagnosed with rare and unusual illnesses have been interviewed, grouped to two subgroups according to the kind of cognitive or physic suffering. Results reveals that the seriousness of the disease’s physical symptoms has influence on parents perceptions of quality of life. Regardless of the diagnosis, parents, which show high levels of emotional disorders, indicates the necessity of information and training relating to the management of the emotional and behavioural aspects involved.
La conciencia del otro: agresores y víctimas desde una perspectiva constructivista
Authors: GARCÍA MARTÍNEZ Jesús
Published: September 2024

Author exposed a compressive model of victims and offenders behaviour based in constructivist approach. Special remarks are made in Kelly’s emotional transitions and in the content of construction of both groups. Need of an idiographic analysis of each victim or offender is defended as way to understand their behaviour.
Mujeres y salud mental
Authors: Burín Mabel
Published: September 2024

This article refers to the difficulties that arise when we attempt to study women’s psychopathological problems. Female specificity in becoming sick has, led us to postulate what we shall call gender pathologies. In defining these «pathologies», we shall center on a paradigmatic phenomenon of female discomfort: the state of depression. This is followed by an analysis of the problems that appear with the customary treatment of women’s discomfort with medication. Alternative approaches based on self-help and therapeutical women’s groups are suggested.
El TDAH en preescolares: validez, diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento
Authors: BAUERMEISTER BALDRICH José J , MATOS ROMÁN Maribel
Published: September 2024

The scientific literature supports the construct validity and clinical utility of attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschoolers. These children exhibit high rates of comorbid psychopathology and significant levels of cognitive, pre-academic and social difficulties. They are also at high risk for presenting this disorder and a range of difficulties over time that could affect adaptive functioning in multiple areas and settings. Parent training programs have demonstrated a high level of effectiveness. Pharmacotherapy can be effective but the treatment effect size is not as high as that found in older children and its side effects are greater. It is important to eliminate or reduce non-genetic risk factors that may contribute to the development of ADHD. Behavioral and cognitive training programs, as well as activities and games aimed at developingexecutive functions, could be effective for prevention and  treatment of this condition and its associated difficulties. CITE AS:Bauermeister Baldrich, J.J. & Matos Román, M. (2011). El TDAH en preescolares: validez, diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento. Apuntes de Psicología, 29, 205-225.
Ritmos de participación en la interacción madre-infante
Authors: GUTIÉRREZ LARA Mariana , LÓPEZ RODRÍGUEZ Florente
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal pattern of the vocalizations of mother-infant dyads as proposed by two models: rhythmic and stochastic. The infants were 12 and 24 months old. Dyads were videotaped in four play sessions and the vocalizations were registered with computerized software. The results of spectral analysis and time series analysis showed that the temporal pattern of mothers’ vocalizations of both, 12 months old infants and 24 months old infants, conform to a stochastic model with a dyadic interchange of turn-taking. These findings are discussed in the context of two central aspects of infant development: mutual regulation and anticipatory learning.
La Terapia Cognitiva en España
Authors: MIRÓ BARRACHINA M Teresa
Published: September 2024

In this work there appear the determining ones of the cognitive therapy inside the legal contexts and current professionals of the psychotherapy in Spain and in Europe. Author presents also some contributions about the past, the present and the future of the cognitive therapy, as well as of the centrality of the problem of the meaning.
Epidemiología y factores implicados en el juego patológico
Authors: DOMÍNGUEZ ÁLVAREZ Ana M
Published: September 2024

Pathological gambling has been recognized as a mental disorder with explicit diagnostic signs and symptoms. It constitutes an important mental health issue in Spain and in other developed countries. Existing prevalence studies are analyzed in relation to the different diagnostic criteria that have been used to assess the pathological gambling up to the moment. The condition is widely prevalent and is likely to increase its incidence in the future. The literature on epidemiology, diagnostic signs and symptoms, sub-varieties, and factors involved in the pathological gambling is reviewed.
La evaluación del comportamiento infantil: características y procedimientos
Authors: Valero Aguayo Luis
Published: September 2024

A revision of the specific characteristics of children's behavioural problems is made. The most useful behavioral procedures, including those published in Spanish, have also been included. Topics such as the adaptation ofthe assessment procedure to the child, context evaluation, the need to consider developmental criteria and the relativity of information sources are analyzed. The exclusive use of interviews, inventories and checklists is criticized. A multi-method assessment framework with data from different sources is defended.
Procedimiento para la enseñanza de la discriminación entre derecha e izquierda. Estudio de caso para un niño con deficiencia visual y discapacidad intelectual
Authors: ALÓS CÍVICO Francisco J , SÁNCHEZ RAYA Araceli , MORIANA ELVIRA Juan A
Published: September 2024

The aim of the research was the teaching of the discrimination between right and lelf in a seven-year-old child with visual impairment and intellectual disability. The teaching was approached from the perspective of the analysis of the stimuli implied in thediscriminations. The learning procedure consisted of the explicit teaching of the simple discrimination which included a stimulus, an answer and a consequence testing the transfer to the condicional discrimination that included two stimuli, an answer and a consequence. The results showed the transfer of the learning without an explicit training. The learning was maintained during the six months of the follow-up. The procedure discribed can be a method, easy to apply, that reduces the effort of the participants.
Diferencias entre padres y adolescentes en la percepción del estilo educativo parental: afecto y normas-exigencias
Authors: Fuentes Rebollo María Jesús , Motrico Martínez Emma , Bersabé Morán Rosa
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to analyse the differences between the perception of parental educational style by parents and adolescents using the variables warmth and rules-demands. More specifically, the following data were obtained: a) the parents' perception of the degree of warmth they expressed to their children and how this was perceived by the adolescent; b) the parents' perception of the way in which they established rules and demanded compliance and how their child perceived this; and c) differences on both variables, considering parents' gender and gender and age of the adolescents. The parenting styles were evaluated with two scales: Affective Scale (EA) y Rules and Demand Scale (ENE) (Fuentes, Motrico and Bersabé, 1999a and b). Both scales — the child's and the parents” version — were administered to 402 adolescents and 258 parents. The results showed significant differences between parents and children regarding these variables (i.e., warmth and rules- demands). Significant differences were also found between fathers and mothers and when considering the gender and age of adolescents.
Las variables del contexto como moduladores del esfuerzo cognitivo en la toma de decisiones multiatributivas con estrategias espontáneas
Authors: Iglesias Parro Sergio , De la Fuente Solana Emilia Inmaculada
Published: September 2024

This paper studies the effect of a context variable, defined as the mean difference between the dimensions of the choice alternatives, on the cognitive effort made by observers in spontaneous decision-making. The results show a differential effect of the context variable manipulated on the cognitive effort of decision- making strategies used spontaneously by decision-makers.