bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Factors Causes Road Traffic Accident In Africa
Authors:   Lecturer in University of Gondar Department of Civil Engineering University of Gondar Gondar, Ethiopia, Deme Debela
Published: January 2021

Road accident is a global tragedy with ever rising trend and endless. Road traffic injuries were among the leading causes of death, life-long disability and property damage in this world. According to World Health Organization, 2018 report; road traffic deaths were the eighth leading cause of death more than tuberculosis and HIV/ AIDS. Africa’s roads were the world’s deadliest for a multitude of reasons. Categorically; human, mechanical and environmental factors were basic causes for road traffic accident in Africa. The main purpose of this paper was review and investigating factors causes road traffic accident in Africa. This review consider all African countries and probable factors causes road traffic accident in Africa. Even though; due to constraint of data this review constitute twenty-four African country those constitute more than eighty percent of population size in Africa with sixty-three research articles to define the factors causes road traffic accident in Africa. As per the investigation on road traffic accident in African countries the majority of researchers and research articles revealed that human related factors(like speed driving, over taking, reckless driving, fatigue, drunk driving, drug, seat belt, sleeping, cell phone usage and etc.) accounted a causes for more than three fourth of road traffic accident Africa. In most populated Africa country like Nigeria, Ethiopia and Egypt more than eighty percent of road traffic accident happen due to human related factors. Particularly; drivers play a significant role for the occurrences of road traffic accident in Africa. While the remaining less than one fourth of road traffic accident causes related to environmental and mechanical related factors in Africa. As per the finding; pedestrians and passengers were the major risk taker in road traffic accident in Africa. Even if; the effect of environment and mechanical related factors were minor, it was not as such negligible causes for the occurrences of road traffic accident in Africa. So, to curb road traffic accident in Africa; concerning body, government and stake holder must undertake probable solution to fix a problem that caused by human related factor on road transport system.
Words of the Leader: “Justice Supports the National Idea and Diplomacy”
Authors:   Doctor of Law, Professor of the Department of International Law of the National Aviation University NASU, Honored Worker of Education of Ukraine, Jamil Oglu Guliyev Arif
Published: January 2021

The article is dedicated to the modernizing the Republic of Azerbaijan every day - the biggest tribute to the blessed memory of the great leader, whose 97th anniversary we celebrate with great respect May 10 this year. As long as our national state exists, Heydar Aliyev, the founder of our Motherland, will always live in the heart of the Azerbaijani people, his bright ideas will constantly illuminate our path.
An Evaluation of Professional Involvement and Challenges in Housing Development in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Nigeria, Muyiwa L Akinluyi , Hezekiah A Ayoola ,   Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology (FUTA) , Akure, Ondo- State, Nigeria, Foluso C AWE ,   Physical Planning and Development Unit of Ekiti state University, Ado Ekiti
Published: January 2021

This study evaluated the extent of professional involvement in housing development in Ekiti State housing corporation, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria with a view to providing information that will promote the importance of professional’s involvement in housing development in the study area.User’s opinion was obtained through the research instrument called questionnaire which was designed to investigate a number of variables that determines the involvement of building professionals and challenges in housing development and planning by the house owners in both the Federal and the State Housing Estates selected in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The sample size was taken using krejcie and morgan, (1970) table for determining sample size from a given population. The corresponding value of 281 housing owners amounted (162) sample size. One hundred and sixty (160) questionnaires were retrieving from the randomly selected respondents of the housing estates. Samples were analyzed and processed using descriptive, bivariate and Multivariate Analysis. The result shows that majority of the respondents (44.3%) had 3-bedroom flat in the selected housing and 84.5% of respondents consulted registered surveyor for survey plan. Also, only (61.9%) affirmed that they involved a building professional during the building development. Challenges such as undue delay in signing the survey plan (63.8%), getting competent professionals (58.8%), architectural drawings (70.0%), structural drawings (61.3%) electrical and mechanical drawings (64.4%) from the architect and engineers respectively, accessibility (74.4%) for building materials storage and undue delay due to omo-onile (78.1%) during land development had very low influences on housing development and planning. However, undue delay in signing the final building plans (64.4%) for construction and getting competent artisans and laborers (76.3%) had very high influences on housing development. the result of this study will be useful to establish a policy on the impotence of involving competent professionals in housing development in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Hyperventilation Syndrome: A Common Problem often Missed
Authors:   Clinical Professor Emeritus, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA, Travel Morton E
Published: January 2021

Hyperventilation syndrome is far more common than generally believed, and thus usually unrecognized. It often produces misleading complaints that include alterations of consciousness, inexplicable sensory and motor sensations, and it is often masked by coexisting somatic symptoms such as unusual chest pains. Obscuring recognition further, symptoms attributed to the panic disorder are often, in reality, those of hyperventilation. Proper diagnosis of this breathing disorder depends upon a heightened awareness of its various manifestations, which can then lead to effective means of diagnosis and management
Program Against Cancer in Kenya
Authors:   BCNet International Working Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Dakar, Senegal, Mbaye El Hadji Seydou
Published: January 2021

Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase new cancer cases per year by 2035 in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of lives could be saved each year if countries made use of existing knowledge and the best cost-effective methods to prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate a provisional budget against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, according the GNI-PPP, the cancer incidence and the number of population. Economically country classification is determining with the Gross national income (GNI), per capita, Purchasing power parity (PPP), according the administrations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cancer incidence data presented are based on the most recent data available at IARC. However, population compares estimates from the US Bureau of the Census. The provisional budget is establishing among the guidelines developed by WHO for regional and national cancer control programs according to national economic development. Provisional budget against cancer is estimated to 352,278.784 (thousands of U.S $) for a population of 47,615,739 persons in Kenya
Rapid Spontaneous Resolution of Large Acute Extra Dural Hematoma
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Mittal hospital & research center, Ajmer (Rajasthan), India, Verma Siddharth
Published: January 2021

Acute extra dural hematoma constitutes for approximately 1.5% of case treated for head trauma. Early diagnosis and rapid evacuation is needed for most of the large hematomas. Only few cases are reported which showed rapid spontaneous resolution. Herein, we report a case of spontaneous resolution of large EDH within 12 hours in 24 years old gentleman and possible mechanisms are discussed
Targeted Therapy in Management of Advanced Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ong Leong Tung
Published: January 2021

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most common malignancy involving the thyroid glands. Early stages of FTC are managed with total thyroidectomy followed by 131I ablation and external beam radiation therapy. Targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is an essential therapeutic option for the management of advanced cases of radioactive iodine refractory. This review will investigate the clinical data for the therapeutic use of targeted therapy in advanced FTC and compare the efficacy of different targeted therapy used in managing the patients
Covid-19 Potentially Caused By A Corticosteroid Injection: A Case Report
Authors:   Interventional Spine and Musculoskeletal Medicine Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University, Chhatre Akhil , Mehta Yash ,   Interventional Spine and Musculoskeletal Medicine Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University
Published: January 2021

This is a case regarding a 50-year-old female from Maryland, USA, with no pertinent past medical history, presenting with a 1 year history of low back pain, elicited by an exercise-related injury. During this time, she had low back and right buttock pain without radiation or neurological signs. The patient tried and failed conservative measures including OTC medications, oral steroids, and Physical Therapy. Based on the discussion between the physician and the patient, a decision was made to proceed with bilateral L3-S1 lumbar facet joint corticosteroid injections on September 21st, 2020, as she was very low risk for COVID-19. 6 days post-procedure, on September 27th, the patient began developing COVID-like symptoms, including fatigue, DOE and anosmia. She later had a positive COVID-19 test on October 1st, 2020. Contact tracing for the patient did not reveal any recent contacts who had COVID-19, and her contacts tested negative for the virus. An in-depth literature review was conducted regarding the nature of this case. While there were many articles with recommendations on steroid injections for pain interventions, there were no cases found directly linking COVID-19 as caused by such an intervention. It is proposed that, while this may not be the first case of its kind, this may certainly be the first case published in the literature, which can open the door for further investigation
Polynomial Model of Two Interacting Pacemakers Taking into Account the Time of Refractoriness
Authors:   Department of General Physics, Physics Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Belyakin Sergey , Shuteev Sergey ,   Laboratory of dynamic systems, Physics Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2021

This publication discusses models that describe the heart tissue as an active conductive system, taking into account its self-oscillating properties. In this type of models, cardiac rhythms can be described on the basis of the theory of dynamic systems, which justifies the need to build a universal model of oscillating medium. This type of model contributes to the understanding of these pathologies cardiac activity as parasecoli and AB-blockade
Integrating Environment, Economy And Infrastructure In Planning For Sustainable 9+Urban Development: Key Approaches In The Neplese Context
Authors:   Professor of Environmental Geography, DOGE, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu-Nepal, Pokhrel Kabi Prasad
Published: January 2021

In a time of rapid urbanizing process, planning and building an ecologically sustainable environment have become imperative in developing countries like Nepal in which urban settlements, as a densely populated built environment, are the center of attention. This paper aims to build a clear and concise synthesis of integration of environment, economy and infrastructure extension for sustainable urban development to serve as an essential reference for decision and policy makers, planners, implementing institutions, and other stakeholders at national and global level with a view to encourage more strategically organized and systematic and sustainability efforts. Using qualitative method for analyzing available information on urban development in Nepal and environmental consideration in urban planning at global level, the study clearly reveals that the urban condition of Nepal is spatially fragmented, less environmentally responsive and more socially divisive and need to adopt porous urban design, coupled with socio-economic and environmental mixed to solve social, economic and ecological issues. The paper further provides a framework for integrated urban development in Nepal with the recognition of environmental and economic parameters and the spatial and the social characteristics are to be inextricably linked in urban infrastructure extension in order to prove right path to the solution of location-specific issues of urban infrastructure extension and wellbeing of urban life along with territorial identity and ecological stability. Suggested integrated framework and techniques produce a holistic synthesis with around ten themes and three dimensions to facilitate sustainable urban development in which both environmental concerns and human wellbeing can be addressed properly
Anticancer Drug Design: Development of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors Using In Silico Techniques
Authors:   Therapeutic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Sidi Bel-Abbes, 22000, Algeria, Matmour Derouicha , Mérad Yassine ,   Central Laboratory, University Hospital Center of Sidi Bel-Abbes, 22000, Algeria, Achachi Nawel ,   Research in Pharmaceutical Development Laboratory, Pharmacovigilance Department, University Hospital Center 1st November, University of Oran, 31000, Algeria, Toumi Houari ,   General Directorate of Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT), Algiers, Algeria
Published: January 2021

In mammalian cells, proliferation is controlled by the cell cycle, where cyclin-dependent kinases regulate critical checkpoints. CDK4 is considered highly validated anticancer drug target due to its essential role regulating cell cycle progression at the G1 restriction point. Our objective is designing novel CDK4 inhibitors using Structure-Based Drug Design and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship techniques. We used bioinformatics tools and biological databases. QSAR study of CDK4 inhibitors has given us an idea on the physicochemical features of studied compounds and their correlation with the IC50 activity. The docking study has helped to highlight the molecule key elements to refine in order to get a more potent compound of CDK4.The Molecule under the code 21366124 which has the low IC50= 3 nmole shows the most binding affinity with score value of ΔG=-9,8 kcal/mol. As prospects, it would be very interesting to synthesize this drug candidate and to test its inhibitory activity on cell culture of breast cancer
Anısotropy Property of Dıfferent Types of Wood
Authors:   Assoc. Prof. Department of Biomedical Engineering KKTC – Lefkosa, Near East University, Turkey, Radwan Faeq A.A
Published: January 2021

The norm of elastic constant tensor and the norms of the irreducible parts of the elastic constants of different types of wood. The relation of the scalar parts norms and the other parts norms and the anisotropy of these woods is presented. The norm ratios are used as a criterion to present the anisotropy degree of the properties of these woods
Schwannoma of Tibial Nerve; Diagnosis and Management: A Rare Case Report With Brief Review of Literature
Authors:   Department of Plastic Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, verma Mukta
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Schwannomas are benign, encapsulated, silent, and usually solitary tumors originating from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. Tibial nerve Schwannomas are very rare hence we are reporting this case for the better understanding of this unusual clinical entity. Case Presentation: A 53-year-old male patient, truck- driver by occupation, arrived to our Plastic Surgery Department complaining of swelling, pain and paresthesia in the upper part of his right leg. These symptoms were present for about 8 months and were more apparent at the end of the day. There was no evidence of any other medical comorbidity like peripheral vascular disease. There was no history of prior traumatic events related to right lower limb. Thorough clinical examination and MRI supported the diagnosis of a benign peripheral nerve tumor and patient was treated by microsurgical excision of the lesion which completely relieved the patient’s symptoms. Discussion: Mechanical compression caused by the space occupying lesion resulted in aggravation of symptoms. Classical burning/shooting pain and paresthesia often manifested by nerve sheath tumors. An increase in intracompartmental pressure resulted in pressure over nerve which consequently led to episodic pattern of neurological symptoms (diurnal variation in pain and paresthesia). Microsurgical excision of the tumor cured the symptoms completely and again patient was able to resume his regular day- to- day activities without any discomfort. Conclusion: We describe a rare case of a patient with an unusual tibial nerve Schwannoma clinical presentation. Microsurgical excision of the space occupying lesion preserving the nerve fascicles play an important role in achieving the good post- surgical outcome. Medical literature on this topic is scarce hence this case report intends to add further data about such pathological conditions.
Nasal Sinus Esthesioneuroblastoma: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of radiation oncology, National institute of oncology, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Wilfried Mossé B.A , Agbanglanon Patricia ,   Department of radiation oncology, National institute of oncology, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Bertrand Compaoré ,   Department of radiation oncology, National institute of oncology, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Published: January 2021

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignant neoplasm originating from the olfactory epithelium located in the upper part of the nasal cavities. The treatment is not yet well codified; external surgery and radiotherapy were the standard treatment. We have reported a case of a 20-year-hold patient treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and then adjuvant chemotherapy. The prognosis of these malignant tumors is similar to that of ethmoid adenocarcinomas and better than that of squamous carcinomas of the facial bone structure. 5-year overall and disease-free survival averaged 45%.
A Rediscovered Immunomodulatory Action of Cancer Chemotherapy to Pilot the Cytokine Network in an Antitumor Way
Authors:   Surgical Division, Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy, Lissoni Paolo , Fumagalli Luca ,   Surgical Division, Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy, Brivio Fernando ,   Institute of Biological Medicine, Milan, Italy
Published: January 2021

The recent proposal of cancer immunotherapy with anti-checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibodies, as well as the previous immunotherapy with IL-2, would require an interpretation of cancer chemotherapy not only in terms of therapeutic strategy carried out to destroy cancer cells, but also as an approach potentially able to influence and modulate the cytokine network in an attempt to correct cancer-related cytokine alterations responsible for tumor progression itself. This statement is justified by the fact that the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is depending at least in part on the cytokine secretions of patients. Despite the great number of cancer-related cytokine alterations, the main alterations provided by a physiopathological and prognostic significance would consisting of low blood levels of IL-2 and IL-12 in association with abnormally high concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and TGF-beta. The effects of chemotherapy on cytokine secretions have appeared to depend on the type of agent, as well as on its dosage and schedule of administrarion. At present, the main effects of chemotherapy provided by a potential clinical application would be represented by the stimulatory action of adriamycin on IL-2 secretion, the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on IL-6 secretion, the stimulatory effect of gemcitabine on IL-12 production, and the inhibitory action of both cyclophosphamide and gemcitabine on regulatory T cell system. Then, the future chemo-immunotherapeuticregimenswouldhavenot to be elaborated not only on the bases of empiristic criteria and on the cytotoxic effects of che various chemotherapeutic agents, but also by taking into consideration their specific activity on the secretion of those cytokines, whose anomalous production has to be corrected and neutralized.
COVID-19 Vaccination for Cancer Patients, What Oncologists and Cancer Patients Need to Know?
Authors:   Department of Medical Oncology – Burjeel Cancer Institute – Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Al-Shamsi Humaid O , Alfares Mona Abdullah ,   Department of Infectious disease, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Alrawi Sadir ,   Department of Medical Oncology – Burjeel Cancer Institute – Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Published: January 2021

As the current evidence is accumulating in support of multiple COVID-19 vaccine in general population while the final regulatory approvals are still pending, multiple vaccine candidates have already received temporary authorization for emergency use. The mRNA vaccines are new to the clinical practice and global regulators must balance the lack of medium to longer-term data on these novel mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.The inactivated vaccines have been used in cancer patients in the past with excellent safety profile and they may be theoretically the safest vaccine for cancer patients. Currently there are no formal COVID-19 vaccine trial designed specifically for cancer patients. Some of the current major trials excluded cancer patients while others did not explicitly excluded malignancies. Early reports indicate that some cancer patients were able to enroll in some of the vaccine trials, yet no clear information if these patients were on active systemic therapies or surveillance. There is a need for a dedicated COVID-19 vaccine trials for cancer patients. The UK Independent report by the “ Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation for the Priority groups for coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination” recommended “bone marrow and stem cell transplant recipients and people with specific cancers” to receive priority vaccination, without further clarification which “specific cancers” were referred to. Until further data are available, recommendations for vaccination for COVID-19 for cancer patients cannot be routinely recommended. At the current time evaluation of cancer patients who wish to consider COVID-19 vaccination should be done in the context of clinical trials, if there is no access to clinical trials; This should be addressed “case by case” basis with clear discussion about potential benefits, risks and uncertainties surrounding COVID-19 vaccination for cancer patients at the current time.
Assessment of Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Transmission and Prevention among the Mothers of Daughters Aged Below 10 Years
Authors:   Sharmin Zaman Khan, MBBS, MPH, Lecturer, Department of Community Medicine, Green Life Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, SZ Khan , F Haseen ,   Fariha Haseen, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health & Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Cervical Cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. It is one of the few preventable human cancers. Maternal knowledge is required for vaccination of their adolescent girls because they are key decision makers and potentially a major source of information for their daughters. Bangladesh Government will introduce HPV vaccine under EPI program for adolescent girls aged 10 years from 2018. For this reason, it is important to assess the knowledge level of mothers of daughters aged below 10 years. Obejective: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of Cervical Cancer transmission, prevention and HPV vaccine among mothers of daughters aged below 10 years. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study has been conducted among the mothers of daughters aged below 10 years, live in the Mohakhali ‘Sat Tola’ slum area of Dhaka city. The pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information from the respondents by face to face interview at house-hold level. Questions were on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about Cervical Cancer transmission, prevention and HPV vaccination. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample. The sample size was 100 in number. The total no. of questions on knowledge was 22. Knowledge score was divided into 3 category: poor, averageww and good knowledge. Poor knowledge score was 0 to 7, average knowledge score was 8 to 14 and good knowledge score was 15 to 22. Frequency, percentage and mean was done by using SPSS version 21. Results: Majority (41%) respondents’ age was 21 to 29 years, most (63%) of them were primary school educated, most (80%) of them were house-wife and most (43%) of their monthly family income was 11,000 to 15,000 taka. Respondent’s mean age at marriage was 15 years and mean age was 17 years when their first child born, majority (39%) had two children. In total, 55% respondents had poor knowledge, 45% respondents had average knowledge and 2% respondents had good knowledge. Among them 98% respondents heard about cancer, 77% respondents heard about Cervical Cancer, 8% respondents knew about sign and symptom and only 2% respondents knew the causes of Cervical Cancer, 3% respondents told prevention of Cervical Cancer is possible but 12% respondents heard about VIA test. Around 18% respondents heard about HPV vaccine but nobody knew in which age this vaccine should be administered. Conclusion: The knowledge of Cervical Cancer transmission, prevention and HPV vaccination among mothers who live in slum of Dhaka city is poor. Providing knowledge to these mothers is essential.
Bronchial Thermoplasty in the Treatment of Severe Asthma
Authors:   Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Copperbelt University, M. C. Sata School of Medicine, P. O. Box 21692, Kitwe, ZAMBIA, Syabbalo Nightingale
Published: January 2021

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with several distinct phenotypes, characterized by different immunopathological pathways, clinical presentation, severity of the disease, and response to treatment. The phenotypes of asthma include eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed granulocytic, and paucigranulocytic asthma. Approximately 3.6-10% of patients with asthma have severe refractory disease, which is unresponsive to high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), and long-acting β2-agonists (LABA). Most patients with eosinophilic asthma are responsive to corticosteroids, and interleukintargeted biologics, whereas, patients from other phenotypes, such as neutrophillic and paucigranullocytic asthma are resistant to treatment with ICS and biotherapeutics. The hallmark of severe refractory asthma is airway hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Histopathologically, patients with severe asthma have airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia and hypertrophy; subepithelial basement membrane thickening and fibrosis; all which contribute to fixed airflow limitation. Severe refractory asthma is very difficult to treat pharmacologically. It requires innovative therapies, such as bronchial thermoplasty which reduces the hypertrophied ASM mass and relieves the AHR, and broncoconstriction. Bronchial thermoplasty has been shown to improve asthma control, reduce severe exacerbations, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and improve the quality of life, which persist up to 5 years following the procedure
Peripheral Vascular Complications in COVID-19: Bilateral and Multiple Extensive Thrombophlebitis of the Lower Limbs
Authors:   Consultant vascular surgery, AMC Hospital, Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt, Khalil Ayman
Published: January 2021

Background: COVID-19 infection is now a serious global pandemic (declared by WHO on 11 March 2020), inflicting significant morbidity and mortality, and the rapidly increasing numbers of the infected cases constitutes a burden on the health care system and the economy even in the developed countries. The objective of this case study is to highlight the peripheral vas-cular complications of COVID-19 as the published articles regarding this subject are scarce. Methods: It is a case report of a 41 year female patient that developed laboratory confirmed (RT-PCR) COVID-19 infection of moderate severity that needed hospitalization for 3 weeks with no need to ICU, and the patient was discharged after improvement. One month later she had peripheral vascular complications in the form of bilateral and multiple extensive thrombophlebitis of her lower limbs. Unfortunately, there was one more month lag before reaching to proper diagnosis and management and the patient was not anticoagulated during all this period since the onset of her COVID-19 infection. She was properly managed on an outpatient basis by LMWH then one of the DOACs together with Aspirin and the patient is being followed for 3 months up till now with excellent results. Conclusion: COVID-19 can cause hypercoagulability state, resulting in venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism with fatal outcome so that all patients with severe COVID-19 infection should be routinely anticoagulated. We should also be aware of the peripheral vascular complications of COVID-19 either venous or arterial not to be missed in diagnosis and should be properly managed
The Effect of G. Lucidum on the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis Elegans modeling Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors:   STEM Researcher Lynbrook High School, 10781 Johnson Ave, Cupertino, CA 95129, Rayapati Prashanthi
Published: January 2021

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X chromosome-linked disease characterized by progressive physical disability, immobility, and premature death in affected boys. Underlying the devastating symptoms of DMD is the loss of dystrophin, a structural protein that connects the extracellular matrix to the cell cytoskeleton and provides protection against contraction-induced damage in muscle cells, leading to chronic peripheral inflammation. However, dystrophin is expressed in neurons within specific brain regions, including the hippocampus, a structure associated with learning and memory formation. Linked to this, a subset of boys with DMD exhibit progressing cognitive dysfunction, with deficits in verbal, short-term, and working memory. Furthermore, in the genetically comparable dystrophin-deficient mouse model of DMD, some, but not all, types of learning and memory are deficient and specific deficits in synaptogenesis and channel clustering at synapses has been noted. Little consideration has been given to the cognitive deficits associated with DMD compared with the research conducted into the peripheral effects of dystrophin deficiency. Therefore, this review focuses on what is known about the role of full-length dystrophin (Dp427) in the hippocampal neurons. In this experiment, I hypothesized that 100 ug/ml of G. Lucidum would extend the lifespan and too much concentration of this herbal medicine would lose its efficacy in treating this disease. A study was conducted through the reactions and lifespan of Caenorhabditis Elegans exhibiting the lack of dystrophin to the different concentrations of G. Lucidum. As a result, the effect of G. Lucidum on the Caenorhabditis Elegans modeling Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy was astonishing as 100 ug/ml of G. Lucidum helped prolong the lifespan of these nematodes by 20%. This data can be reflected onto the lifespan of humans with DMD as the 20% increase in lifespan of these nematodes could mean the prolonged life of 6-8 years for humans. However, too much concentration of G. Lucidum was shown not to affect the life of the worms. The hypothesized argument was proven correct as the results show the 20% increase of lifespan for the 100ug/ml of G. Lucidum concentration and the effect of too much concentration of this herbal method. Moreover, the use of herbal medicine like G. Lucidum could be a new inexpensive and attainable method of treatment for those diagnosed with DMD. The importance of dystrophin in learning and memory is assessed, and the potential importance that inflammatory mediators, which are chronically elevated in dystrophinopathies, may have on hippocampal function is also evaluated
Unifocal Benign Migratory Glossitis: an Unusual Case Report in Pediatric Patient
Authors:   Ajunct Professor, School of Dentistry, University Center of Patos de Minas (UNIPAM), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Andrade Rodrigo Soares de , Bomfim Lorena Teixeira Melo ,   Ajunct Professor, School of Dentistry, University Center of Patos de Minas (UNIPAM), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Published: January 2021

The benign migratory glossitis (BMG), for having characteristics of a geographic map is popularly known as the geographic tongue. It is a pathology that affects the dorsum of the tongue, the lesions appear with irregular erythematous plates that have circular shapes with edge bounded by a white-yellowish line, slightly protruding or flat and well-defined, is benign and non-contagious. Its etiology is multifactorial, usually asymptomatic, and may vary from size, location, and duration. This work aimed to report an unusual BMG case. A male child, 3 years old, presented a single area of impapilation on the lingual dorsum, after suffering a period of stress, which is repeated every month in exactly the same area. Stress periods can be present at any time in life, and as with adults, can trigger injuries and variations in normality in children. The importance of diagnotic exercise has a direct correlation with the conduct to be taken by the dentist in favor of a good patient prognosis
The Use of the Available Research Evidence to Crack the Padlock of Sars-CoV-2
Authors:   Advisor and expert trainer, Baghdad Medical City and the National Center of Training and Development of the Iraqi Ministry of Health, Head, Iraq Headquarter of Copernicus Scientists International Panel, Baghdad, Iraq, Mosawi Aamir Jalal Al
Published: January 2021

It was known earlier that although, SARS-CoV was controlled more than a decade ago, more SARS-like coronaviruses which have been isolated in bats can use the human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor to replicate to high levels in primary human airway, and they had the potential to cause new epidemics. Now, we should remember that it was concluded from earlier experiences that the first and most effective line of defense against a new viral pandemic in the early phases, are antiviral drugs not vaccines developed after rather a lengthy time. The unexpected high mortality associated with the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 in countries like the United States and the United Kingdom confirmed the earlier scientific prediction of the inadequate preparedness of the world to victoriously combat a new virus pandemic. The rational scientific approach to face a potentially fatal viral pandemic with no known effective specific therapies dictate the early use of all the useful preliminary research evidence with prioritizing emphasis on safety to avoid making more harm than good in such situation. We have previously published an evidence-based keys to the therapeutic challenge associated with the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The aim of this paper is to provide and important updates to keys to the therapeutic challenge which are hoped to help in cracking the padlock of SARS-CoV-2.
Enteric Viruses and Bacterial Species from the Faecal Droppings of Bats in Selected Bat Colonies in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors:   Environmental Microbiology, Antimicrobials and Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria, AO Ajayi , M Owaboriaye ,   Environmental Microbiology, Antimicrobials and Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria, J Rufus ,   Environmental Microbiology, Antimicrobials and Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria
Published: January 2021

Background: Pathogenic viruses and bacteria of bat origin causes a lot of diseases that often leads to epidemics and pandemics. Fruit bats were documented reservoir of many viral infections including COVID-19. This study was designed to detect the presence of some enteric viruses of gastroenteritis as well as bacterial species from Eidolon helvum bat species in Nigeria. Methodology: Twenty-five samples were collected between January and March 2018, from six different locations in Ondo State, Nigeria. The samples were tested for the presence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus antigens using the CerTest Biotech 4th generation Quadruple Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) kit according to the manufacturers’ specification. The bacterial species were isolated by pour plating and identified using standard microbiological methodsand API kits. Results: Throughout the period of this study, two samples (10%) were tested positive for both Norovirus and Adenovirus in bat fecal samples from Epinmin Akoko, Nigeria, while the isolated bacterial species from bats in Owo included Streptococcus Spp, Micrococcus Spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus Spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Echerichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Acinetobacter iwoffi, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter agglomerans and Proteus mirabillis. Conclusion: The isolation of these microbes are suggestive of infectious agents that can be of threat to public health and caution bush meat consumers from erratic consumption of unverified bush meat culinaries. The data obtained from this study is valuable for public health management as well as disease prevention and control
First cases of Recombinant Noroviruses in Cameroon
Authors:   Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon, E Mugyia Akongnwi , N Ndze Valentine ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon, Akoachere Jane-Francis TK ,   Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon
Published: January 2021

Noroviruses have been reported as being a common cause of acute gastroenteritis both in children and adults worldwide. Genotyping and nomenclature of noroviruses was based on the partial capsid gene of the ORF2. Due to frequent reported recombination activities in the ORF1/ORF2 junction, a new dual nomenclature has been proposed based on genotyping of two genes – the capsid and polymerase genes. This study identified recombinant noroviruses circulating in Cameroon between 2010 and 2013. RT-PCR –based methods, next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were used to genotype samples from hospitalized children. The combined RdRp/capsid dual genotype was determined for 19 GII strains including 5 RdRp genotypes (GII.P4, GII.P7, GII.P17, GII.P21, and GII.P31) and 5 capsid genotypes (GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.17). They had 17(89.5%) recombinants and 2 (112.5%) non recombinants. 17 were recombinants. The most prevalent noroviruses were GII.4 (76.5%) consisting of GII.4 Sydney [P31] (41.2%) and GII.4 Sydney [P4 New Orleans] (35.3%), followed by GII.6 [P7] (11.8%), GII.2 [P21] (5.9%) and GII.3 [P21] (5.9%). This is the first study of norovirus dual genotyping and recombinants in Cameroon. Recombination activity is high and contributes to ongoing evolution of circulating noroviruses in Cameroon.
Laurent Drelincourt, Élie Bouhéreau et l’« illustre ami »
Authors: Goeury Julien
Published: January 2021

L’histoire du Psautier de Genève comporte encore des zones d’ombre, en particulier à l’âge classique, où durant les décennies 1660-1680 s’est joué un épisode pourtant essentiel, celui de sa révision linguistique, engagée sous la responsabilité de Valentin Conrart avec la collaboration d’un certain nombre de pasteurs et de lettrés protestants acquis à la cause. Ce qui pourrait apparaître comme une intervention supplémentaire sur le texte de la Bible en français, dans sa composante en vers, sans grand enjeu ni sur le plan textuel ni sur le plan liturgique, s’est pourtant trouvé au centre de tensions internes (au sein des Églises réformées de France) et externes (vis-à-vis de Genève), qui ont fait de cette entreprise, menée par un petit groupe aux intentions militantes, un événement sous-estimé. À partir de la correspondance inédite échangée entre Élie Bouhéreau et Laurent Drelincourt, on se propose d’éclairer d’un jour nouveau cet épisode.
Slaugytojo profesijos tėvų perdegimo raiška COVID-19 pandemijos laikotarpiu
Authors: Valasavičienė Deimantė , Razbadauskas Artūras , Skarbalienė Aelita
Published: January 2021

Tėvystė yra sudėtinga ir įtempta veikla. Ilgalaikis didžiulis tėvų stresas gali sukelti tėvų perdegimą. Tėvų perdegimas vystosi, kai tėvų išteklių (emocinių, kognityvinių, psichologinių, finansinių ir kt.) nepakanka esamiems ir kylantiems poreikiams patenkinti. COVID-19 pandemija sukėlė didelį stresą ir nerimą daugeliui tėvų visame pasaulyje. Medikams pandemijos laikotarpis yra ypač sudėtingas dėl padidėjusio streso darbo vietoje. Nuolatinė įtampa darbo vietoje bei namuose gali sąlygoti stiprius psichologinius susirgimus. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti slaugytojais dirbančių tėvų perdegimą COVID-19 pandemijos laikotarpiu. Atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas anketavimo būdu, jo dalyviai – slaugytojai (n = 200), auginantys ikimokyklinio ir mokyklinio amžiaus vaikus. Slaugytojai, auginantys ikimokyklinio ir (arba) mokyklinio amžiaus vaikus, patiria gana nestiprų perdegimą tėvystės veikloje, tikėtina, dėl galimybės dirbti darbo vietoje negretinant darbo ir vaikų mokymosi problemų. Didesnį perdegimą lemia jaunesnis tėvų amžius, aukštesnis išsilavinimas, didesnis kartu gyvenančių vaikų skaičius bei laikas, skiriamas padėti vaikams mokytis. Stipresnį perdegimą tėvystės veikloje patiria asmenys, iki karantino besinaudoję auklių ar vaikų užimtumo centrų (būrelių) paslaugomis.
Tồn tại động mạch ngồi được phát hiện qua một trường hợp tắc mạch chi cấp tính
Authors: Trung Nguyen Ngoc , Thang Vu Duc , Hung Tran Duc , Ha Pham Vu Thu , Hanh Le Ba , Hoa Khuat Duy , Anh Hoang The , Kien Nguyen The
Published: January 2021

Mục đích: Tồn tại động mạch (ĐM) ngồi là tình trạng hiếm gặp, chỉ chiếm 0,025% - 0,05% dân số. Bệnh nhân thường nhập viện vì các biến chứng như tắc mạch, thiếu máu mạn tính hoặc phình ĐM ngồi. Phương pháp: Chúng tôi xin chia sẻ kinh nghiệm chẩn đoán và điều trị một trường hợp, bệnh nhân nữ, 70 tuổi, vào viện sau 3 ngày bị tắc cấp tính do huyết khối từ động mạch chậu gốc trái, được phẫu thuật lấy huyết khối. Chụp cắt lớp vi tính mạch máu (CTA) và siêu âm sau mổ phát hiện tồn tại ĐM ngồi hai bên và huyết khối gây tắc ĐM ngồi bên trái. Kết quả: Điều trị nội khoa đạt kết quả khả quan sau 3 tháng phẫu thuật. Bệnh nhân hết tình trạng đau cách hồi. Siêu âm cho kết quả lưu thông động mạch chày trước, chày sau bình thường. Kết luận:  Tồn tại động mạch ngồi là tình trạng rất hiếm gặp. Chẩn đoán chủ yếu dựa vào CTA và siêu âm. Lựa chọn phương pháp điều trị phụ thuộc vào đặc điểm bất thường giải phẫu.
El movimiento McOndo y la poética de Rodrigo Fresán, una puesta en perspectiva
Authors: Domínguez Solís Manuel
Published: January 2021

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el lugar que ocupó el movimiento literario McOndo ante la crítica, sus tensiones con respecto al canon y la problemática de lo nacional y lo cosmopolita,poniendo en perspectiva la poética de uno de los autores que formaron parte, en su momento, de la antología y movimiento ya mencionado llamado McOndo. A partir del método analítico, la presenteinvestigación busca dar cuenta de las tensiones que se gestan tras el surgimiento de un movimiento contestatario como lo es McOndo, contrastando opiniones y demostrando la marginalidad ante lacrítica de ciertos autores como el propio Rodrigo Fresán. Así, a partir del análisis de la poética de Fresán, podemos observar su lugar con respecto al canon y la crítica en cuanto a temas y problemáticasplanteadas desde la literatura..
La presencia del laísmo, leísmo y loísmo en seis relatos breves de Juan Arzadun, Juan de Irigoyen, Miguel Aranaz y Rafael Sánchez
Authors: Goñi Alsúa Edurne
Published: January 2021

Laísmo, leísmo y loísmo son tres fenómenos sintácticos recurrentes en la lengua castellana producidos por el uso erróneo de los pronombres personales átonos o clíticos. Estas variaciones de la norma se han estudiado extensamente a lo largo de la historia desde el punto de vista tanto sincrónico como diacrónico o funcional. No han faltado autores que han buceado en textos literarios para trazar su formación y desarrollo, los que se han servido de estas observaciones para anclarlos en su origen latino, o aquellos que los han investigado desde el contacto de lenguas y su realización por parte de hablantes bilingües. En este artículo, vamos a realizar un estudio textual en el que analizaremos estas tres variaciones de los pronombres clíticos en varios relatos breves, escritos en el primer tercio del siglo XX por cuatro autores vizcaínos, a saber, Juan Arzadun, Juan de Irigoyen, Manuel Aranaz Castellanos y Rafael Sánchez Mazas, como reflejo literario del uso de los pronombres átonos en el castellano de Bilbao, definido como dialecto leísta
Classification of Molecular Biomarkers
Authors: Shah Ankeet , Grimberg Dominic C , Inman Brant A
Published: January 2021

A “biomarker” is any measurable characteristic that indicates the presence or absence of disease or the biological response to a stimulus, typically an exposure or intervention. The FDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group has produced a document called Biomarkers, EndpointS and other Tools (BEST), which defines 7 categories of biomarkers according to their clinical usage: susceptibility and risk, diagnostic, monitoring, prognostic, predictive, pharmacodynamic and treatment response, and safety. We approach the classification of biomarkers in 2 additional ways: their bodily source and their measurement type. In the context of their use in genitourinary malignancy, we also consider factors that influence their use and reliability in clinical and research applications.
Australia’s Two-Tier Health Care System United Against COVID-19
Authors: Hanna Bishoy , Chung Amanda
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had and continues to have an unprecedented impact on health care systems worldwide. The Australian system has yet to be truly tested by the pandemic, as rapid implementation of public health measures has curbed infection rates. Australia’s 2-tier health care has allowed sufficient staffing, equipment, and beds to continue providing acute health care in the face of an exceptional and extreme demand. No health system is perfect and, although Australia’s has some wonderful attributes that make it the envy of many other countries, it faces a number of important challenges. This paper describes how Australia’s health care structure has adapted to respond to the COVID-19 crisis, examines the challenges involved and the lessons learned, and explores how this environmental pressure could lead to systemic adaptations.