bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESULTS OF THE IMPACT OF ANTIPROTEINASE HEMOSORBENT ON THE DYNAMICS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INDICATORS IN CHILDREN WITH GENERALIZED PERITONITIS
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Serhiyenka U. K. , Yakubtsevich R. E. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Vakulchik V. G. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Kazhina V. A. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Klochko A. I. ,   Grodno Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Grodno, Belarus, Amelchenko N. V. ,   Grodno Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Grodno, Belarus, Semenchuk Y. V. ,   Grodno Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Grodno, Belarus
Published: September 2021

Background. Despite the undoubted success of modern medicine, peritonitis in children remains not only a surgical, but also a general pathological problem, the relevance of which is not decreasing. The use of efferent therapy methods, in particular hemosorption, imitating the natural mechanisms of detoxification of the body, are promising in the complex therapy of children with peritonitis. The aim of the study was to establish the effectiveness of the antiproteinase hemosorbent "Hemo-proteazsorb" in the complex intensive care of children with generalized peritonitis. Material and methods. A prospective randomized study of 60 children with generalized peritonitis was conducted. In the main group, there were 30 patients who underwent hemosorption in complex intensive therapy. The comparison group also included 30 patients who underwent traditional treatment. The examined groups were comparable in terms of the nature of the pathology and the severity of the condition. Results. During hemoperfusion, a significant increase in blood saturation was established – from 95.1 (93.2; 97.1)% to 97.3 (95.5; 98.7)%, with an improvement in oxygen transport (ctO2, mmol/l) from 6.9 (6.4; 7.9) to 8.8 (1.5; 9.7) and a decrease in lactate level (mmol/l) from 1.7 (1.5;2.1) to 1.1 (0.9;1.3), which indicated normalization of blood oxygenation and improvement of microcirculation. After 24 hours, there was a significant decrease in the sum of points on the pSOFA scale, from 4.5 (3.0; 6.0) to 0.5 (0; 2.0), p<0.001. Normalization of body temperature and restoration of intestinal function in 15 (50.0% СI 32.1-67.9) children were also noted, which indicated a decrease in multiple organ dysfunction and improvement of the condition. In the comparison group, the studied indicators changed much more slowly. Conclusions. The data on the positive dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters, obtained as a result of the study, prove the high effectiveness of the Belarusian hemosorbent "Hemo-proteazsorb" in the complex intensive care for generalized peritonitis.
DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND STRIATUM OF THE RAT BRAIN WITH THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Mamedova А. E. , Lelevich V. V. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Doroshenko E. M. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Published: September 2021

Background. The growth of industrialization is accompanied by a decrease in human motor activity, and chronic stress increases the risk of alcoholism. The combination of these factors has a negative effect on the physiological and biochemical processes in the body. Purpose of work. To determine the state of the components of the dopaminergic system in the hypothalamus and striatum of rats during acute alcoholization against the background of hypodynamia. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on male rats weighing 180-200 g, which, after hypodynamia for a period of 7, 14 and 28 days, were once injected with 25% alcohol at a dose of 3.5 g / kg. The content of the components of the dopaminergic system was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results. The striatum is characterized by a decrease in the activity of the dopaminergic system on the 7th day of hypodynamia, followed by its activation with an increase in the period of immobilization to 28 days. In the hypothalamus in the early stages of hypodynamia with subsequent OAI, the changes are poorly expressed, however, on the 28th day, dopamine turnover is activated. Conclusions. The combined effect of acute alcohol intoxication and hypodynamia leads to more pronounced changes in the dopaminergic system in the striatum than in the hypothalamus. Acute alcohol intoxication has a stimulating effect on the dopaminergic system of the hypothalamus and striatum only for long periods of hypodynamia (28 days).
Inklusion? Do it yourself! Materialvielfalt im inklusiven Unterricht
Authors: Czaja Tina
Published: September 2021

Die Diversität unserer Gesellschaft bildet sich auch im Schulalltag ab. Deshalb müssen Lehrkräfte für inklusives Unterrichten sensibilisiert werden, um Vielfalt und Heterogenität im Klassenzimmer zu unterstützen und so allen Lernenden die gleichberechtigte Teilhabe am Unterrichtsgeschehen zu ermöglichen. Eine heterogene Schüler:innenschaft braucht vielfältige Lehr-Lern-Materialien. In unserem Projekt „Inklusion? Do it yourself!“ stellen wir Ihnen zahlreiche Materialien vor, die Sie mit wenig Aufwand selbst erstellen können. In Rücksprache mit Regel-und Sonderschulpädagog:innen haben wir die unten aufgeführten Bastelanleitungen, Nutzungsszenarien und Anwendungsideen für Sie zusammengestellt. Denn kennen Sie beispielsweise die vielfältigen didaktischen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von Geräusch-/Klangdosen oder von Fühlkarten?!
Synthesis of highly efficient multilayer dielectric diffraction gratings for spectral combining of laser beams
Authors: Петухов А.А.
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена синтезу многослойных диэлектрических отражательных дифракционных решеток, с высокой эффективностью обеспечивающих спектральное сложение пучков с различной длиной волны в заданном дифракционном порядке. Приводятся результаты решения задачи синтеза многослойных диэлектрических дифракционных решеток, обеспечивающих спектральное сложение в первом или минус первом порядке дифракции. Кроме того, решается задача синтеза для таких решеток с учетом возможных технологических ограничений на высоту профиля (глубину травления). Решение задачи синтеза проводится путем минимизации зависящего от параметров решетки целевого функционала методом Нелдера-Мида. Решение прямой задачи на каждом шаге минимизации осуществляется при помощи комбинации неполного метода Галеркина и метода матриц рассеяния.

The paper is devoted to the synthesis of multilayer dielectric reflection diffraction gratings providing high-efficiency spectral combining of the beams with different wavelengths in a given diffraction order. The results are presented for solving the synthesis problems for multilayer dielectric diffraction gratings providing spectral combining in the first or minus first diffraction order. Besides, the synthesis problem for such gratings is solved with account taken of possible technological constraints imposed by the height of the grating profile (etch depth). The solution of the synthesis problem is obtained by means of Nelder-Mead minimization of the merit function depending on the grating parameters. At each minimization step the direct problem is solved using a combination of the incomplete Galerkin method and scattering matrix method.
On the Effective Implementation and Capabilities of the Least-Squares Collocation Method for Solving Second-Order Elliptic Equations
Authors: Беляев В.А.
Published: September 2021

Исследованы возможности численного метода коллокации и наименьших квадратов (КНК) на примерах кусочно-полиномиального решения задачи Дирихле для уравнений Пуассона и типа диффузии-конвекции с особенностями в виде больших градиентов и разрыва решения на границах раздела двух подобластей. Предложены и реализованы новые hp-варианты метода КНК, основанные на присоединении внутри области малых и/или вытянутых нерегулярных ячеек, отсекаемых криволинейной границей раздела от исходных прямоугольных ячеек сетки, к соседним самостоятельным ячейкам. Выписываются с учетом особенности условия согласования между собой кусков решения в ячейках, примыкающих с разных сторон к границе раздела. Проведено сравнение результатов, полученных методом КНК и другими высокоточными методами. Показаны преимущества и достоинства метода КНК. Для ускорения итерационного процесса применены современные алгоритмы и методы: предобуславливание; свойства локальной системы координат в методе КНК; ускорение, основанное на подпространствах Крылова; операция продолжения на многосеточном комплексе; распараллеливание. Исследовано влияние этих способов на количество итераций и время расчетов при аппроксимации полиномами различных степеней.

The capabilities of the numerical least-squares collocation (LSC) method of the piecewise polynomial solution of the Dirichlet problem for the Poisson and diffusion-convection equations are investigated. Examples of problems with singularities such as large gradients and discontinuity of the solution at interfaces between two subdomains are considered. New hp-versions of the LSC method based on the merging of small and/or elongated irregular cells to neighboring independent cells inside the domain are proposed and implemented. They cut off by a curvilinear interface from the original rectangular grid cells. Taking into account the problem singularity the matching conditions between the pieces of the solution in cells adjacent from different sides to the interface are written out. The results obtained by the LSC method are compared with other high-accuracy methods. Advantages of the LSC method are shown. For acceleration of an iterative process modern algorithms and methods are applied: preconditioning, properties of the local coordinate system in the LSC method, Krylov subspaces; prolongation operation on a multigrid complex; parallelization. The influence of these methods on iteration numbers and computation time at approximation by polynomials of various degrees is investigated.
The effect of contact time between alginate impression material and type III dental stone on the surface properties of stone casts
Authors: Dulaimi Suha  F , Alnaser Atyaf  M , Hameed Najwah  Y
Published: September 2021

Background: Alginate impression material is the irreversible hydrocolloid material that is widely used in dentistry. The contact time between alginate and gypsum cast could have a detrimental effect on the properties of the gypsum cast. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of various contact time intervals of Alginate impressions & type III dental stone on surface properties of stone cast. Materials and Methods: Time intervals tested were 1hour, 6 hours and 9 hours. Surface properties of stone cast evaluated were surface detail reproduction, hardness and roughness. Surface detail reproduction was determined using cylindrical brass test block in accordance with ISO 1563. Surface roughness was measured by profilometer and hardness was measured by Durometer (Shore D). Results: The detail reproduction showed significant difference (P<0.05), at 6 hr., and 9 hr. showed better results. While surface roughness significantly decreased (p<0.01) with prolonged contact time. However, surface hardness increased significantly (p<0.01) with increased contact time. Conclusions: Surface detail reproduction increased with increasing the contact time and this was noticed at (6, 9 hours). However, 1hour time interval showed decreased surface detailed reproduction. Roughness decreased when the contact time was increased between type III dental stone and alginate impression whereas, hardness was improved significantly with increasing contact time.
Diet and orthodontics- A review
Authors: Ibraheem Maymona  a , Nahidh Mohammed
Published: September 2021

During the course of fixed orthodontic therapy, patients should be instructed to eat specific food stuffs and beverages in order to maintain good health for the dentition and supporting structures and prevent frequent attachment debonding that prolong the treatment duration. After searching and collecting articles from 1930 till July 2021, the current review was prepared to emphasize various types of foods that should be taken during the course of fixed orthodontic therapy and to explain the effect of various food stuffs and beverages on the growth and development of craniofacial structures, tooth surfaces, root resorption, tooth movement, retention and stability after orthodontic treatment and the effect on the components of fixed orthodontic appliance.
Project "Digital Cultural and Historical Heritage of Plovdiv Municipality" - Problems and Solutions?
Authors:   Regional Ethnographic Museum, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Hristozova Lora , Popova Bilyana ,   Regional Ethnographic Museum, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Kovacheva Sofiya ,   Plovdiv Municipality, Bulgaria
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the results of the project "Digital Cultural аnd Historical Heritage оf Plovdiv Municipality". A main part is the formulation of the problems during and after the project and the possible solutions. An important element of the study is the realization of a field expedition in the Roma neighbourhoods in Plovdiv and summarizing the results from it. All of this is a contribution to and experience in the field of digitization of cultural and historical heritage in the museums and galleries (following the example of Plovdiv Municipality). The basis of the study is the website www.digital.plovdiv.bg, the participants in the project and the specific field expedition. More than 50,000 movable cultural properties have been digitized. Part of the immovable properties of the city, as well as the intangible cultural heritage of the Roma are added to them. Keywords: Digitization, Cultural and Historical Heritage, Plovdiv, Museums, Roma, Field Expedition
The Museum of Salt in Pomorie Town as a Result of Local Institutional Cultural Policies
Authors:   Center for support of personal development - Burgas, Bulgaria, Georgiev Asen
Published: September 2021

The Museum of salt was established 18 years ago as an ambitious project for the development of cultural tourism, subsidized by the EU's "Phare" program. The Museum visualizes the traditional unique local salt yield technology that Anhialo has been famous for since ancient times. This cultural institution has developed over the years and it` s looking for new ways to reach the people interested in alternative tourism. Keywords: Museum of Salt, History and Culture of Salt Production, Museum Tourism, Cultural Project
Current Events and Processes Affecting the Vision of the Classical Wall Painting Technique "Secco"
Authors:   Veliko Tarnovo University ", Kondov Plamen ,   St. st. Cyril and Methodius”, Bulgaria
Published: September 2021

The report presents problems related to scaling, project transfer, and the creation of murals in the art. The positive and negative aspects of the methods used so far are discussed. The main part offers modern technological tools to make the process easier. Examples are innovations such as "Robospray", Vertical plotter and Vertical printer. Their pluses and disadvantages are considered. The effects of the penetration of new instruments and their influence on the visual looks on the secco technique are investigated. There is a proposal for a new form a monumental work - the Augmented Reality. The problems of such a work and the circumstances in which the use of this form is justified are discussed. The conclusion highlighted the need to rethink the meaning of the term: mural painting, due to the latest scientific discoveries concerning matter. Also problems related to the value of the monumental works in the sphere of mural painting. Keywords: Secco, Mural Painting, Robospray, Vertical Plotter, Vertical Printer, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality
Extention of Creative Approaches Visual Artists by Augmented Reality (AR)
Authors:   “Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Markov Atanas
Published: September 2021

There are currently over 3.8 billion smartphone users in the world (Reference from 01.2021). Mobile technologies are becoming an integral part of our lives and this undoubtedly provides a large and diverse environment for the expression of artists from all fields. Mobile technology is changing the way we encounter art. They do it mobile and the term "on demand" is extended to "on the go". The works are becoming more diverse and innovative and every person with a smartphone is a potential user of art. Most modern smart devices are now able to provide Augmented Reality (AR) experiences. AR is already used by innovative brands in trade and marketing, but AR can, and is used, and will be used more and more in the art world. We will no longer associate the visual arts with just visiting art galleries or theater and concert halls. Technologies such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR) or generalize Extended Reality (XR) open up new creative possibilities for artists and new experiences for the audience. This not only gives new sensations to the audience, but also frees the art from the gallery, thus reaching a completely new audience. Keywords: Augmented Reality (AR), Interactive Art, Visual Art
Caring for the elderly: a report on the status of care for the elderly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Hafez G. , Bagchi K. , Mahaini R.
Published: September 2021

To update our understanding of the status of elderly health care within the context of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office’s Strategy Paper on Elderly Care (1995), a short questionnaire was sent to all Member States of the Region, except Afghanistan and Somalia. The questionnaire sought information on the proportion of the elderly in the population, the status of health care and the level of economic, social, cultural and physical assistance available to the elderly. Of the 21 countries in the survey, 18 (86%) responded. The findings of the survey are discussed here under the headings of demography, national policies on elderly care, social benefits, health care, social and community services, economic burden and the role of the non-government sector
Premarital genetic investigations: effect of genetic counselling
Authors: Abdel Meguid N. , Zaki M. S. , Hammad S. A.
Published: September 2021

Over a period of 2 years, 86 couples (172 cases) were referred to the genetics clinic of the National Research Centre for premarital genetic counselling. About 73.25% had a family history of different genetic disorders. Consanguinity was found in 86.04%. Genetic investigations revealed chromosomal abnormalities in 26 cases [15.11%]; 23 cases (13.37%) had other abnormal results. After genetic counselling, postconceptional follow-up was carried out for 30 couples; 10 of them required amniocentesis that showed abnormal fetuses in 2 mothers. Other couples had normal offspring. We conclude that premarital genetic counselling is of great use in the detection of genetic disorders and is an essential step in changing attitudes towards premarital testing and reducing consanguineous marriage
Survey and surveillance development in settings with low human immunodeficiency virus prevalence
Authors: Nanan D. J. , Kadir M. M. , White F. M.
Published: September 2021

In most countries, during the early phases of a human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, independently initiated surveys of perceived high-risk groups tend to precede the development of formal surveillance systems. Unfortunately, in low-prevalence settings, small sample sizes produce unreliable estimates of prevalence and trends, with an inevitable tendency towards positive results. In our study, we present sample size calculations and typical samples used in actual surveys, with Pakistan as our example. More useful data on risk behaviour and potential for spread can be derived from the study of commoner sexually transmitted diseases and associated risk behaviours, including assessments of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices
Reflections on maternal mortality in two decades
Authors: Baldo M. H.
Published: September 2021

The paper examines developments in the assessment and prevention of maternal mortality over the past 2 decades through review of the relevant literature. Problems of classifying and ranking causes, changing methodologies, discrepancies and illogical trends are demonstrated. Identifying causes of maternal mortality by surveillance and death reviews, rather than measuring ratios, appears to be more effective. Process indicators are considered as important as outcome indicators for monitoring safe motherhood. International technical reappraisal of maternal mortality is needed
Primary health care networks in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Shadpour K.
Published: September 2021

The progress towards achieving health for all in the Islamic Republic of Iran is reported in this paper with particular reference to primary health care networks. The establishment of the networks is outlined and the vital elements within the system described, such as the community health workers (behvarz) and the health information system. Areas of achievement are reviewed
L. WONG - Adaptive Reuse. Extending the Lives of Buildings
Authors: Gioeni Laura
Published: September 2021

Liliane WongAdaptive Reuse. Extending the Lives of BuildingsBasilea: Birkhäuser, 2016. 264 pp. Tapa blanda. Idioma: inglés. 39,95 €ISBN: 978-3038215370
C. B. GARCÍA ESTÉVEZ, J. MARÍA ROVIRA (eds.) - Enric Miralles. Archigraphias, 1983-2000
Authors: Blanco Arturo
Published: September 2021

Carolina B. García-Estévez, Josep María Rovira (eds.) Enric Miralles. Archigraphias, 1983-2000Madrid: Abada editores, 2020. 448 pp. Encuadernación en rústica. Idioma: español. 25 €ISBN: 978-84-17301-04-0
A. MARTÍNEZ GARCÍA-POSADA, P. BLÁZQUEZ JESÚS, J. NAVARRO DE PABLOS (coords.) - La obra abierta. La idea de tiempo en las obras de arquitectura y arte en el territorio
Authors: Gamarra Sampén Agustin
Published: September 2021

Ángel Martínez García-Posada, Pablo Blázquez Jesús, Javier Navarro de Pablos (coords.)La obra abierta. La idea de tiempo en las obras de arquitectura y arte en el territorioMadrid: Recolectores urbanos, 2020. 194 pp. Tapa blanda, dos volúmenes. Idioma: español. 20 €ISBN: 978-84-949663-4-7 (vol. I) ISBN: 978-84-949663-9-2 (vol. II)
DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OBTAINED FROM SIRES WITH DIFFERENT ALLELES OF THE BOLA-DRB3 GENE
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, RODIONOV G.V. , OREKHOVA A.S. , OLESYUK A.P. , TABAKOVA L.P.
Published: September 2021

An urgent task for dairy cattle breeding is to study the genetic structure of the population by polymorphic systems, which serves as one of the elements of genetic monitoring. Based on the analysis of new methods for assessing the genotypes of animals, it is advisable not only to increase the total amount of protein, but also to increase individual qualitative indicators of proteinmilk content. The purpose of the research is to study the occurrence frequency of the Bola-DRB3 gene alleles in sire bulls of the Holstein breed. Based on the analysis, it was noted that out of ten alleles of the Bola-DRB3 gene, in which a relationship was established with milk productivity indicators, the highest occurrence frequency of was observed in allele 22 (25.2%), and the lowest in alleles 10 and 26 (2%). Analysis of the assessment of sire bulls by the quality of offspring with sensitive (S), neutral (N) and resistant (R) groups of alleles showed that bulls having the sensitive alleles of the Bola-DRB3 gene featured higher evaluation rates.
PRODUCTIVITY OF SUPER INTENSIVE MOTHER PLANTINGS OF THE PURPLE EARLY VARIETY UNDER VARIOUS MODES OF BUSH LOADING WITH SHOOTS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, MALYKH G.Р.
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the results of long-term research on the development of super-intensive mother plants. The reaction of mother plants to the use of different modes of loading shoots on a grape Bush of the hard-to-root Purple early variety was revealed. Based on a comprehensive study of the physiological anatomical changes of the vine under different load conditions, the authors have shown the quality and quantity of cuttings obtained. The efficiency of developing superintensive mother plants in the conditions of the Chechen Republic on sandy soils has been studied. Such mother plantations can be used to harvest cuttings in a timely manner, using the best in their quality for reproduction. The net income in the discussed experiments was 23,717.21 thousand rubles, therefore, it increased almost 2 times and finally, the profitability is equal to 140.87%, which is 79% more than the control level.
ON THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION FOR WOMEN IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Bulanova Marina B.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the complex and contradictory process of the formation of higher education for women in Russia on the example of the opening and operation of two non-state higher educational institutions: Women’s Medical Institute (1897) and Moscow City People’s University named after A.L. Shanyavsky (1908). The author reveals the history of the struggle for the organization of the “Higher Women’s Medical Courses”, which graduated the first female doctors in 1877. On the example of the fate of A.N. Shabanova, P.N. Tarnovskaya, N.P. Dragnevich shows a complex way of those who at the end of the courses did not have the legal rights and had many years to prove their own professional male counterparts. After the closure of the courses in 1881, it took sixteen years to defend the right of women to a higher medical education within the walls of the first Women’s Medical Institute in Russia. No less difficult was the history of the three-year struggle for the opening of the Moscow City People’s University, in the charter of which all restrictions on gender, nationality and religion were remove. According to the conditions of A.L. Shanyavsky, women could not only be students, but also participate in the management of the university (L.A. Shanyavskaya, L.B. Khavkina) and be admitted to teaching (L.B. Khavkina, V.N. Shatskaya). Among those people who made an invaluable contribution to the organization and activities of these non-state educational institutions were named: patrons and benefactors A.L. Shanyavsky, L.A. Shanyavskaya, M.V. Sabashnikov; medical professors M.M. Sechenov, I.M. Sklifosovsky, S.P. Botkin, I.I. Mechnikov; Professor M.M. Kovalevsky, S.A. Muromtsev, N.V. Speransky, K.A. Timiryazev. It is concluded that the organization of higher education for women in Russia became possible thanks to the joint efforts of individual representatives of the authorities, the leading circles of the intelligentsia, entrepreneurs,and patrons of the arts, as well as all caring people who have spared no effort and their own funds for this noble cause.
EMPLOYMENT IN SCIENCE: GENDER CONTEXT
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Shevchenko Irina O.
Published: September 2021

The article considers the position of men and women researchers in the labor market in the precarization context. It is revealed that from the viewpoint of formal signs of the work precarity, researchers are in a safe situation. Most of them work under an indefinite contract, having a set of social guarantees secured by the Labor Code, and rarely change jobs. But the social well-being of scientists indicates that the formal description of the situation is at odds with reality. Gender context of science is the following: there are fewer women than men among researchers; there are more men among those holding the academic degrees of doctors, so men occupy positions more preferable in terms of status than women; the average salary of male scientists is higher than the female; men have more opportunities to influence decision-making in their organization. Gender asymmetry in the scientific field persists in Russia.
FEMINIST MOVEMENT IN PAKISTAN. YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW
Authors:   International Care Medical Centre “Dua Hospital”, Bakanova Marina V.
Published: September 2021

Despite the fact that Pakistan is considered a traditionally conservative Muslim country, it is also characterized by a feminist movement. Women’s activity in the political, economic and other spheres of society began in the period of British India and continued in an independent country. Prominent political figures took part in the struggle for women’s rights, and feminist organizations were created. At the same time, feminism of that period can be viewed as an elite phenomenon, accessible only to the upper class of society. During the Afghan War, feminist organizations entered into sharp confrontation with the government. In the 21st century, the activation of Pakistani feminists has reached its maximum and continues to increase, but with certain difficulties. Currently, the country is represented by classical European feminism (which is subject to decomposition to a certain extent), the Nisaism movement (they seek the rights for women in accordance with Islam) and individual activists. Potentially feminism in Pakistan has great chances for the development and elimination of the chauvinist norms of the country’s civil and criminal law, what will certainly give an impetus to new phenomena in the development of the future Pakistani society.
Trajetórias administrativas dos governadores da capitania do Rio de Janeiro (1710-1763)
Authors: Ribeiro Mônica da Silva
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem como intuito analisar os governadores nomeados para administrarem o Rio de Janeiro entre 1710 e 1763, buscando perceber, através de seus perfis sociais e de suas trajetórias, o acrescentamento político do cargo em questão e a centralidade da capitania fluminense. Nessa perspectiva, estudar as qualificações sociais e as carreiras dos governadores titulares do Rio de Janeiro, nas décadas delimitadas, nos possibilitará melhor compreender a dinâmica que a Coroa portuguesa – através da escolha de seus representantes régios – procurou colocar em prática, nesse território do ultramar.
Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde uzaktan eğitime yönelik öğrenci görüşleri
Authors: KARATAY Halit , KAYA Seda , BAŞER Derya
Published: September 2021

Covid-19’un kapalı ortamlarda kısa sürede yayılması ve insanların sağlığını tehdit etmesi sokağa çıkma kısıtlamalarına ve sağlık önlemlerinin alınmasına neden olmuştur. Bu önlemlerden biri de eğitim kurumlarının yüz yüze eğitim yerine uzaktan eğitime geçmeleridir. Uzaktan eğitime dâhil olan öğrencilerden bir kısmı Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen öğrencilerdir. Bu çalışmada 2020-2021 yılı bahar döneminde BAİBÜ TÖMER’de Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak uzaktan eğitim yoluyla B1-B2 düzeyinde öğrenen 50 öğrencinin uzaktan eğitime yönelik görüşleri tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin görüşleri iki sorudan oluşan yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile alınmıştır. Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili görüşleri, ‘öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitimi tercih etme durumları, uzaktan eğitime yönelik olumlu ve olumsuz görüşleri’ olmak üzere üç ana temada toplanmıştır. Salgın döneminde 50 öğrenciden 12’si yüz yüze eğitim yerine uzaktan eğitimi tercih edeceğini belirtmiştir. Öğrenciler uzaktan eğitime yönelik olumlu görüş olarak: “Virüsten koruduğunu, zamandan tasarruf sağladığını, kaliteli eğitim verildiğini, dersi tekrar izleyebilme kolaylığı sağladığını, daha az yorucu olduğunu, alternatif bir öğrenme yolu olduğunu ve daha ucuz olduğunu” belirtmişlerdir. Olumsuz görüş olarak “iletişim ve etkileşim sorunlarını, öğretme yönünün zayıf olmasını, sosyalleşememeyi, internet ve uygulama sorunlarını, derslere az katılımın olmasını, konuşma ve yazma becerisinin yeterince gelişmemesini, derse odaklanma sorununu, derslerin sıkıcı olmasını, işbirlikli öğrenmeyi engellemesini, sağlığa zararlı olmasını, konuşma kaygısına sebep olmasını, pahalı olmasını ve sınavların yeterince güvenilir olmamasını göstermişlerdir.
Reşat Coşkun şiirinin tematik bağlamda tahlili
Authors: KARAKUŞ Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Reşat Coşkun’un “Küheylan-“Hüdhüdü Beklerken”, “Berceste-Vuslatı Olmayan Sevda”, “Sevdam Kaldı Bir” ve “Sokak Lambası” adlı yayınlanmış olan dört şiir kitabı bulunmakta ve şair genellikle serbest şiir tarzıyla şiirlerini yazmaktadır. Coşkun, şiirlerinin bütün insanlığa hitap ettiğini belirtmekte, birçok dile tercüme edilecek kadar sarih olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Reşat Coşkun’un şiirlerinde bazı temaların ise ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu temaların ortaya çıkmasında şairin yaşantısı önemli bir etken olmaktadır. Coşkun’un Kadirî müntesibi olmasının da şiirine etkisi yadsınamaz bir olgudur. Ayrıca aşk ve sevgili, hüzün ve karamsarlık, inanç ve bu kavram dahilinde din, tasavvuf, ayet ve hadislerin kullanımı, halk ve halk içinde olmaya değer verdiği için yerellik, bunun yanında tasavvufî meselelerde dahi yanlış bulduğu hususları tenkit etmesinden dolayı sosyal eleştiri şiirine yansımaktadır. Şairin intisabının olması Coşkun’un şiirinde aşkın ilahî olarak da yansımasına sebebiyet vermiş olup, şairin fıtrî ve psikolojik yapısı ise hüzün ve karamsarlık olarak şiirine girmiştir. Ayet ve hadisler telmih ya da iktibaslarla şairin şiirini beslemiş, doğduğu ve yaşadığı şehir olan Erzurum ise gerek ağız kullanımıyla gerek şehrin coğrafyasıyla gerek şehirdeki bazı yerlerin özellikle vurgulanmasıyla gerekse de şehirde kullanılan ve o şehre has olan ifadelerin yer almasıyla yerellik şiirine katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu hususlarla beraber şairin yanlış gördüğü hususları tenkit etme yapısı sosyal eleştiri şeklinde bir başka tematik unsur olarak şairin şiirine yansımıştır. Bu çalışmada belirtilen temalar tahlil yapılarak incelenmeye ve açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Les eléments culturels dans la méthode de français Saison 1
Authors: ONGUNYURT Lale , GÜNDAY Rıfat
Published: September 2021

Connaître une langue, c’est de pouvoir l’utiliser dans la vie réelle. Ce qui est important, ce n’est pas de renforcer la connaissance en termes de grammaire, mais plutôt de pouvoir construire la communication et de réaliser l’interaction avec les autres en langue cible. Dans cette perspective, les manuels couvrent, non seulement des documents produits pour des objectifs didactiques, mais aussi les matériels authentiques qui ont des caractéristiques culturelles. Cette étude vise à rechercher, dans la méthode de français Saison 1, les documents culturels en termes d’images, de textes et de vocabulaires; à les classifier sous la perspective de la culture française, de la culture francophone et du multiculturalisme; à analyser leurs situations d’utilisation dans les activités pour développer les compétences langagières. Ce manuel réserve une place importante à la dimension socio-culturelle. Les thèmes abordés sont plutôt relatifs à la vie quotidienne. Cependant, il existe certains documents culturels comme les textes littéraires, les arts et les monuments. Pour la dimension culturelle, la plus importante différence de ce manuel, c’est que dans le cadre de sociolinguistique il donne place à une expression idiomatique de la culture française ou de la culture francophone dans chaque partie « actu culture ». Ainsi les apprenants apprennent l’utilisation de certaines expressions idiomatiques dans un contexte socio-culturel. Il se trouve des exemples de la culture française, de la culture francophone et du multiculturalisme. Mais, il existe peu d’exemples sur le multiculturalisme. On présente les éléments culturels d’une part pour citer des savoirs, et d’autre part pour développer toutes les compétences langagières de base, les composantes linguistiques, et de plus pour les compétences communicatives et interculturelles.
Uzaktan eğitim sürecinde Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimi
Authors: ŞENGÜL Kübra
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, uzaktan eğitim sürecinde Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimini incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile hazırlanan çalışmada yapılandırılmış görüşme formları, elektronik posta yoluyla katılımcılara ulaştırılmıştır. Türkiye’de 21 üniversitenin Türkçe öğretim merkezinde yabancılara Türkçe öğreten 43 öğretim görevlisinin görüşleri, içerik analizi yöntemi ile Maxqda programında analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, öğretim görevlilerinin, COVID-19’un bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan pandemi sürecinde, öğretmen-öğrenci, öğrenci-öğrenci etkileşiminin olumsuz yönde değiştiğini düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Katılımcılar, etkileşimi artırmak için en çok sosyal medya kanallarını kullandıklarını ve akran danışmanlığı, dil partnerliği, konuşma kulübü uygulamalarına başvurduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Uzaktan yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi programında, bir ders saatini azaltma, etkinliklerin çeşidini değiştirme, dijital kitap kullanma, konulara ayrılan süreyi artırma gibi değişikliklere gidildiği belirlenmiştir. Türkçe öğrenme kurslarına kayıtlı olan kişi sayısının bir önceki yıla oranla düştüğü, devamsızlık yapan ve kayıt donduran öğrenci sayısının arttığı belirtilmiştir. Uzaktan yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi sürecinde, kamera ve ses aygıtlarını açmama, teknik sorunlar ve öz disiplindeki yetersizliklere bağlı olarak öğrencilerin derslere katılımlarının olumsuz yönde değiştiği; öğrencilerin en çok yazma ve konuşma becerilerine dönük etkinliklerde zorlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğreticilerin bu süreçte en çok temel dil seviyesindeki öğrencilerle ders işleyişinde zorlandığı; ölçme ve değerlendirmede en sık çoktan seçmeli, boşluk doldurmalı test maddelerini ve soru-cevap yöntemini kullandıkları sonucuna varılmıştır. Öğreticiler, yüz yüze eğitimdeki kadar verimli olamadıklarını, yoğun ve yıpratıcı bir çalışma süreci yaşadıklarını; buna karşın eksik yönlerini görme ve geliştirme imkânı bulduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Öğreticiler, bu süreçte öğrencilerin Türkçe öğrenme motivasyonlarının düştüğünü; öğrencilerin motivasyonunu artırmak için en çok hedef dilde film/video/şarkı dinlettiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Uzaktan yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi sürecinde öğrencilerin en sık, internet bağlantısı, teknik donanım ve dijital okuryazarlık yetersizliklerinden kaynaklanan sorunlar yaşadıkları; öğreticilerin ise kur atlama sınavlarında en sık etik sorunlar ve internet bağlantı sorunları yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak öğreticiler, uzaktan yabancılara Türkçe öğretiminin en büyük avantajının bilgiye erişimin kolay ve mekân, para, zaman, mesafe açısından ekonomik olduğu yönünde görüş belirtmişlerdir.
Paratranslation under constraint
Authors: AKDAĞ Ayşe Işık
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to reveal how the paratext features of Georges Perec's La Disparition, which is one of the most striking examples of writing under constraint, affect the reception of the main text. The corpus consists of the Turkish copy Kayboluş translated by Cemal Yardimci and printed from Sel Publications in 2000 as well as the English version A-void translated by Gilbert Adair, published by Vintage Random House in 2008. The analysis will be based on Genette's paratext classification. Along with the elements that make up the peritext, the main text sections that are its extension (inserted chapters- translation diaries) will also be included. In particular, the design, colour and location of the title; The cover page, the table of contents and the translator's so-called interventions will be scrutinized. In addition, translation techniques such as addition and omission and how these techniques are reflected in the text and peritextual elements will also be discussed together with the translator's decisions. In conclusion, the research showed that the peritextual elements of both translations have shaped the reading process in different ways by making implicit or explicit allusions, acquired different functions in their respective cultures, attributed different roles to the reader, strengthened or weakened the visibility of the constraint as well as the visibility of the translator and affected the recreation degree of the main text.
Kıssa-i Seyyid Cüneyd ve Reşîde-i Arab’daki deyimler
Authors: TUĞLUK Mehmet Emin
Published: September 2021

Bir dilin zenginliğini gösteren anonim ürünler olan deyimler; dilde ifade edilmek istenen duygu, düşünce veya olayı özlü anlatımlarıyla etkileyici bir şekilde ifade ederler. Deyimlerin etkileyici ifadeye sahip olmalarındaki önemli etken kısa ve özlü olmaları, belirli bir yapı dâhilinde oluşmalarıdır. Deyimler ortaya çıktığı kültürün izlerini taşıdıkları için toplum tarafından sıklıkla kullanılırlar. Türk dili deyimler açısından son derece zengin olup Türkçenin yazılı ilk kaynaklarında da deyim örneklerine rastlanmaktadır. Kıssa-i Seyyid Cüneyd ve Reşîde-i Arab, 16. yüzyılda Farsçadan Türkçeye tercüme edilmiştir. Eser, Seyyid Cüneyd ile Reşîde-i Arab’ın zorlu aşk yolunda birbirlerine kavuşmak için verdikleri mücadeleyi anlatmaktadır. Eserde ayrıca dinî ve ahlakî konulara, olağanüstü kahramanlara, dinî ve tarihî şahsiyetlere de yer verilmektedir. Dönemine göre sade bir üslupla yazılan eserde manzum söylemler de yer almaktadır. Eski Anadolu Türkçesinin dil özelliklerini de gösteren ve hacimli olan eserde çok sayıda Arapça, Farsça ibare de bulunmaktadır. Kıssa-i Seyyid Cüneyd ve Reşîde-i Arab deyimler açısından zengin bir eserdir. Eserde özellikle Seyyid Cüneyd ve Reşîde-i Arab’ın aşkının anlatıldığı bölümler ile kahramanlık hikâyelerinin anlatıldığı kısımlarda deyimler sıkça kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Kıssa-i Seyyid Cüneyd ve Reşîde-i Arab adlı eserde geçen deyimler tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen deyimler taşıdıkları unsurların sayısına, kökenlerine ve fiillerine göre sınıflandırılarak makalenin sonunda anlamlarıyla birlikte alfabetik olarak verilmiştir.
Macar Fiğinin (Vicia pannonica Crantz) Farklı Ekim Zamanlarına Göre Verim, Kalite ve Besin Elementleri İçeriklerinin Değişimi
Authors: ÇAÇAN Erdal , NURSOY Hüseyin , ŞAHİN Emre
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışma, Macar fiğinin farklı ekim zamanlarına göre verim, kalite ve besin elementleri içerikleri açısından gösterdiği farklılıkları ortaya koymak amacıyla 2014-2015 ve 2015-2016 yıllarında Bingöl ili ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Eylül ayının ikinci yarısından başlamak üzere 10 günlük aralıklarla 4 ekim zamanı seçilmiştir. Bitki boyu, yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi açısından birinci ekim zamanlarının en yüksek değerleri verdiği, ham protein oranlarının ise ekim zamanları açısından istatistiksel olarak bir farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür. En düşük asit deterjan lif (ADF) ve nötral deterjan lif (NDF) oranları ile en yüksek sindirilebilir kuru madde ve nispi yem değerlerinin de birinci ekim zamanından elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Besin elementleri açısından ise Ca, Mg ve K açısından ekim zamanları arasında bir fark olmadığı ve ekim zamanı geciktikçe P oranında ise azalmalar olduğu görülmüştür. Bingöl ve benzeri ekolojik koşullara sahip karasal bölgelerde, Macar fiği ekiminin, Eylül ayının ikinci yarısından itibaren mümkün olduğunca erken yapılmasının verim ve kalite açısından avantajlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Effects of Cuts and Different Phenological Stages on Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities and Chemical Attributes of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Essential Oil
Authors: POURABDAL Reza , POURAKBAR Latifeh , RAHİMİ Amir , TUKMECHİ Amir
Published: September 2021

Garden thyme is an aromatic plant with various applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and hygienic-cosmetic industries around the world. In this research, field-cultivated plants were harvested in two cuts and three consecutive stages (pre-flowering, flowering, and post-flowering). The essential oil percentage and compositions were identified in the essential oil samples. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was measured against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents, chain-breaking activity, and IC50 were recorded. The highest essential oil percentage (2.56%) was obtained from the pre-flowering stage. The results of GC/MS revealed that p-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol, and carvacrol were the most important constituents of the studied essential oil. The lowest antibacterial activity was recorded by the second cut at the pre-flowering stage. The highest antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus were recorded by the second cut during the flowering stage and the first cut during the flowering stage, respectively. The lowest MIC was 15.75 μg mL-1 related to the second cut during the flowering stage. The plants had the highest total phenol (16.64 mg GAE g-1 DM) and total flavonoid contents (2.88 mg QE g-1 DM) at the pre-flowering stage. The highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 134.05 μg mL-1) was observed at the pre-flowering stage. It can be said that phenological stages and cuts can affect essential oil antibacterial and antioxidant activities, as well as its chemical characteristics.
Performance Evaluation of PR2 in Determination of Soil Water Content
Authors: KAMAN Harun , ÖZBEK Ömer
Published: September 2021

As it is known, drought is one of the most important issues of recent years. On the other hand, agriculture is the sector that uses the most water. The impact of drought can be reduced by reducing the water used in agriculture. Therefore, it is very important to determine the application time and amount of irrigation water for a successful agricultural irrigation management. One of the most important ways to achieve this success is to accurately determine and monitor the water content in the plant root zone. Soil water content can be determined in two ways; direct and indirect methods. The direct measurement method is tedious, laborious and time consuming. Instead, a large number of indirect measurement methods are developed. One of these indirect measurement methods is the PR2 Profile Probe method. In this study, the possibilities of using PR2 method under different soil water content conditions were investigated. First, the calibration of the PR2 method was made within 40 cm of soil depth. Then, the water content in the soil was monitored by the PR2 method under three different soil water content (100%, 75% and 50%) conditions. R2 values for calibration relationships varied between 0.7947 and 0.9305. In the study, it was concluded that soil water content could be monitored with PR2 Profile Probe.
Efficacy Detection of Low-Cost Hall Effect Sensor for a LabVIEW-Based Agricultural Gaussmeter
Authors: BEYAZ Abdullah , PARLAK Doğukan
Published: September 2021

Developing technology enables more accurate and efficient measurement with the help of low-cost sensors. Therefore, in this study, a gaussmeter that can be used for agricultural purposes was developed using a low-cost microcontroller development card. The developed low-cost gaussmeter includes an inexpensive magnetic field sensor, a microcontroller development card, and LabVIEW software. Magnetic field measurements, based on the optimization of the microcontroller-based gaussmeter, were developed with the HAL503 Hall Effect sensor with the help of LabVIEW software. A high regression was observed between the values obtained from the device and the results found from the calculations made using theoretical magnetic field formulas and the measured values. It was observed that it works with an average accuracy of 99.6% for 3 different thickness magnets. According to the developed measuring device results of 6, 8, and 10 magnets sizes, R2 values were evaluated as 99.8%, 99.7%, and 99.3%, respectively.
PENGARUH KELOMPOK REFERENSI TERHADAP TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN BERKUNJUNG DIKAWASAN WISATA KULINER PANTAI KOLO
Authors: Zunaidin Sri Ernawati , Nurdin Harry , Sulhaini Sulhaini
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kelompok referensi terhadap terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung dikawasan wisata kuliner pantai Kolo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu asosiatif, lokasi penelitian di Kota Bima. Populasi dalam penelitian inin adalah semua konsumen yang pernah berkunjung dikawasan wisata kuliner pantai Kolo, sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 orang dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan quesioner dengan pengukuran skala likert Adapun jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif dengan sumber data penelitian yaitu data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, angket/koesioner dan studi pustaka. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kelompok Referensi berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung dikawasan wisata kuliner pantai Kolo.