bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the changes and significance of CXCL10 level in serum of isolated polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Shuai X. U. , Dandan FENG , Liang X. U.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the significance of CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in the pathogenesis of isolated polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).

Methods

The serum of six PMR patients diagnosed and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from September 2019 to December 2020 before treatment and after remission was collected, and the serum of six active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and six healthy medical checkups were also collected, and protein microarray technology was used to detect 24 cytokines, including IL-6, IL-4, CXCL10, CXCL8, and CXCL2. Subsequently, serum was collected from other 28 patients with active PMR, 26 patients with PMR in remission, 24 patients with active RA, and 24 healthy medical checkups who were diagnosed and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2021 to July 2023, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to validate and compare the levels of CXCL10 in each group and analyze the correlation between the levels of serum CXCL10 and the parameters of the clinical activities of PMR.

Results

Protein microarray screening revealed significant differences in CXCL10 before and after PMR treatment, and ELISA validation revealed that peripheral serum CXCL10 levels were significantly higher in the PMR-active group than in the remission group (P < 0.001), and also significantly higher than in the RA-active group (P = 0.003) and in the healthy control group (P < 0.001); correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between serum CXCL10 levels and serum ferritin in PMR patients (r = 0.450, P = 0.024). In the ROC curve for distinguishing PMR and RA, the area under the curve is 0.741, sensitivity = 0.643, and specificity = 0.792.

Conclusion

CXCL10 may play a role in the pathogenesis of isolated PMR and its level might contribute to the differential diagnosis of PMR and RA.

Key Points• The concentration of CXCL10 was higher in peripheral blood of isolated PMR patients.• CXCL10 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for isolated PMR patients.• The level of CXCL10 might contribute to the differential diagnosis of PMR and RA.
Oscillatory squeeze flow through an Oldroyd-B fluid-saturated porous layer
Authors: Jian Yongjun
Published: October 2024

This study deals with the analytical investigation of oscillatory squeeze film flow through a Brinkman viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid-saturated porous layer subject to two vertically harmonically oscillatory disks. The validity of the present proposed analytical solutions is first demonstrated for the Newtonian fluids when both Λ1 and Λ2 tend to zero by comparison with the previous literature. Results demonstrate that an increase in the elasticity parameter Λ1 correlates with a rise in axial velocities, indicating that the relaxation time Λ1 facilitates enhanced squeeze flow. In the case of squeeze film flow in porous layers, low oscillating frequencies exert minimal effects on axial velocities, independent of variations in the viscoelasticity parameter Λ1. However, at higher oscillating frequencies, axial velocities escalate with increasing the viscoelasticity parameter Λ1. Furthermore, the retardation time Λ2 of the viscoelastic fluid shows no significant effect on the axial velocity, regardless of oscillating frequency changes in both pure fluids and porous layers.
A Review on the Partitioning of Solutes Along Dislocations and Stacking Faults in Superalloys
Authors: Kontis Paraskevas , Smith Timothy M.
Published: October 2024

Chemical and microstructural alterations at near-atomic scale can influence the high temperature mechanical performance of superalloys. These alterations are strongly associated with solute segregation at crystal defects, such as dislocations and stacking faults. This review provides an overview of the phenomena that occurs during deformation at elevated temperatures due to the interactions of solutes with crystal defects. These interactions are discussed based on investigations conducted by exploiting the recent technological advancements of advanced characterization methods, such as transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. Insights on local phase transformation mechanisms along stacking faults are discussed providing perspectives on new alloy design concepts. Besides, various microstructural alterations controlled by the interactions of solutes with dislocations are discussed. Bringing together observations at near-atomic scale that control superalloys in the macroscopic level, we aim to bridge an atomic scale microanalysis gap. Thus, providing insights that future alloy designers, modelers, and engineers can incorporate these effects into their analyses, alloy design models and life prediction calculations.
An Update on the Management of Rectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Frydman Aviva , Srirajaskanthan Raj
Published: October 2024

Opinion Statement

Rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are increasing in incidence. Most lesions are low grade, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours with good long term outcomes. However there is metastatic potential and resection offers the only option for a cure and in most cases should be offered to reduce the risk of metastases. Careful staging of rectal NENs should be performed prior to consideration of resection in order to ensure the appropriate technique is chosen, and reduce the risk of incomplete resection. Resection can be endoscopic or surgical, and selecting the appropriate resection technique relies on tumour characteristics such as size, grade, invasion into the muscularis propria, presence of lymph node involvement or of distal metastases. Some patients may require systemic therapies which may involve somatostatin analogues (SSAs), everolimus, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), chemotherapy or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Due the rarity of these tumours, much of the evidence is based on retrospective reviews or smaller cohort studies. This article is an update of the current evidence available to guide management.
Serum Levels of Trace Elements (Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Selenium, and Strontium) are Differentially Associated with Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Vera Enric , Vallvé Joan-Carles , Linares Victòria , Paredes Silvia , Ibarretxe Daiana , Bellés Montserrat
Published: October 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is attributed to inflammatory processes that accelerate atherosclerosis. Therefore, the exploration of novel biomarkers association is needed. This study investigated the associations between serum trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mg, Se, and Sr) and surrogate markers of CVD in 219 RA patients and compared them with those with metabolic disorders (MetD, n = 82) and control participants (n = 64). Surrogate markers included carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid plaque presence (cPP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), distensibility (DIST), and the augmentation index (AIx). RA patients displayed heightened inflammatory markers, increased arterial stiffness and thickness, and elevated CV risk factors. Compared with those in control participants, Se levels in RA patients were lower, regardless of sex. Women and men with RA had lower Sr and Mg levels than those with MetD, respectively. Backward regression models demonstrated inverse associations of Sr and Zn with cIMT in men with RA and those with MetD, respectively. In RA patients, Sr and Zn were predictors of an increased AIx, with sex-specific associations. Increased Fe levels were associated with an increased AIx in women with MetD. Fe and Zn were predictors of increased cIMT in control participants, with sex-specific associations. Serum trace elements are independently associated with surrogate markers of CVD in patients with RA, highlighting their potential role in CV risk assessment. Prospective studies are essential for validating these associations and establishing optimal trace element levels for managing CVD risk in patients with RA.
Performance Assessment of Three Living Shorelines in Cedar Key, Florida, USA
Authors: Barry Savanna C. , Hernandez Elix M. , Clark Mark W.
Published: October 2024

A community-driven effort in Cedar Key, Florida, USA, resulted in the construction of three living shoreline retrofits intended to bolster failing coastal infrastructure and restore habitat functions in Daughtry Bayou. A multi-year monitoring program tracked changes in elevation and vegetation communities across the entire shoreline profile from lower-intertidal to upland/transitional zones and measured wave attenuation during typical and extreme (hurricane) conditions. Overall, these living shoreline retrofits served to soften more than 30% of the bayou’s shoreline, dramatically reducing the extent of armored shoreline in direct contact with tidal influence. The extent of vegetated habitat area has increased at all three sites, despite sediment export from higher elevation zones driven largely by repeated impacts from hurricanes and tropical storms. These living shorelines reduced wave energy by 33 to 79% in typical conditions and by up to 28% in hurricane conditions, consistently outperforming armored shorelines, even during an extreme event (Hurricane Idalia). Our monitoring efforts were sufficient to capture project trajectories and assess performance relative to project goals, but our program had limitations that could have been overcome with additional resources and increased focus on capturing spillover effects. The living shoreline retrofit projects assessed here have persisted through and shown signs of recovery after multiple tropical storms and hurricanes, while providing important energy reduction services. Thus, living shoreline retrofits continue to be a cost-effective shoreline management strategy in the short term for this area. However, our analyses suggest that persistence of these shorelines could be threatened by the combination of sea-level rise (by 2040), upland armoring, and an increasing risk of more intense tropical systems. Therefore, future interventions should more carefully consider these threats in conjunction with habitat enhancement goals.
The small-for-size syndrome in living donor liver transplantation: current management
Authors: Del Prete Luca , Quintini Cristiano , Diago Uso Teresa
Published: October 2024

Small-for-size syndrome poses a significant challenge in living donor liver transplantation, with potentially severe consequences including liver failure and death. This review explores the management strategies for SFSS, starting from the pathophysiology of the disease. SFSS arises from insufficient liver mass in the graft and hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhotic recipients, leading to portal hyperperfusion and subsequent liver injury. Risk factors include graft size, quality, recipient factors, and hemodynamic changes during transplantation.

Hemodynamic monitoring is crucial during living donor liver transplantation to optimize portal vein and hepatic artery flow. Prevention strategies focus on donor-recipient matching and intraoperative graft inflow modulation. Optimizing venous outflow and avoiding portal hyperperfusion is essential. Management of established small-for-size syndrome involves supportive care, pharmacologic interventions, and radiological and surgical options. Pharmacotherapy includes somatostatin analogues, beta-blockers, and vasopressin analogues to reduce portal flow and pressure. Surgical interventions aim to modulate portal flow and mitigate complications. Retransplantation may be necessary in severe cases, guided by persistent graft dysfunction despite liver flow modulations. In conclusion, preventing and managing small-for-size syndrome in living donor liver transplantation requires comprehensive assessment and tailored interventions. Advancements in graft/recipient matching, hemodynamic monitoring, pharmacologic and surgical techniques aiming to inflow modulation have improved outcomes, enabling successful transplantation even with ultra-small grafts.
Climate Change and Community Resilience: The PHEER Network
Authors: Eisenman David P
Published: October 2024

The Public Health Extreme Events Research (PHEER) Network is a researcher-led network that aims to advance the public health disaster science field by coordinating a community of practice that can rapidly mobilize to conduct time-sensitive research in the aftermath of disasters. This presentation will introduce PHEER to the public health emergency preparedness and response community and allow for input into the evolving public health research framework.

Learning Objectives

Participants will understand the goals and objectives of the PHEER Network.

Participants will learn about how they can be involved in the PHEER Network.
Dreaming the plague: Experiencing the pandemic present, experimenting with Anthropocene temporalities
Authors: Gäckle Nicolas
Published: October 2024

Complementing readings in International Relations (IR) that understand Covid-19 as an Anthropocene effect, this article observes the pandemic as a laboratory for engagements with Anthropocene experience. It argues that the pandemic turn to dreams renegotiated the conditions of experienceability of Anthropocene temporality. Exploring the scientific, archival, and practical registers on which dreams attracted interest during the pandemic, the article traces how dreams were valued for their promise of capturing the affective exposure of subjects to the pandemic present. This conditioning of experienceability on the limits of the human subject resonates with the relational turn in IR and its affirmation of being-in-relation as a condition for becoming attuned to the Anthropocene. Drawing from Koselleck and Foucault, the article understands this resonance as indicative of a shared archive of experiments in transcending modern accounts of temporality. For this archive, rendering an Anthropocenic present experienceable requires a shift from the distanced account of a modern author-subject to a subject that gauges its own exposure to the present. Despite this ambition of the turn to dreams, the article also flags its constraints, observing how this turn regularly tipped back into reaffirming the modern subject.
What is the neurobiology of schizophrenia?
Authors: Cummings Michael A. , Arias Ai-Li W. , Stahl Stephen M.
Published: October 2024

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are brain diseases that are developmental dementias (dementia praecox). Their pathology begins in utero with psychosis most commonly becoming evident in adolescence and early adulthood. It is estimated they afflict the U.S. population at a prevalence rate of approximately 0.8%. Genetic studies indicate that these brain diseases are about 80% determined by genes and about 20% determined by environmental risk factors. Inheritance is polygenic with some 270 gene loci having been identified as contributing to the risk for schizophrenia. Interestingly, many of the identified gene loci and gene polymorphisms are involved in brain formation and maturation. The identified genetic and epigenetic risks give rise to a brain in which neuroblasts migrate abnormally, assume abnormal locations and orientations, and are vulnerable to excessive neuronal and synaptic loss, resulting in overt psychotic illness. The illness trajectory of schizophrenia then is one of loss of brain mass related to the number of active psychotic exacerbations and the duration of untreated illness. In this context, molecules such as dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin play critical roles with respect to positive, negative, and cognitive domains of illness. Acutely, antipsychotics ameliorate active psychotic illness, especially positive signs and symptoms. The long-term effects of antipsychotic medications have been debated; however, the bulk of imaging data suggest that antipsychotics slow but do not reverse the illness trajectory of schizophrenia. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) appear superior in this regard. Clozapine remains the “gold standard” in managing treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Herbicide options for control of yellow and knotroot foxtail for possible use in turfgrass
Authors: Joseph Mikerly M. , Johnson Bridgette , Russell David P. , Han David Y. , McElroy J. Scott
Published: October 2024

Yellow and knotroot foxtail are two common weed species infesting turfgrass and pastures in the southeastern region of the United States. Yellow and knotroot foxtail share morphological similarities and are frequently misidentified by weed managers, thus leading to confusion in herbicide selection. Greenhouse research was conducted to evaluate the response of yellow and knotroot foxtail to several turfgrass herbicides: pinoxaden (35 and 70 g ai ha−1), sethoxydim (316 and 520 g ai ha−1), thiencarbazone + dicamba + iodosulfuron (230 g ai ha−1), nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron (562.8 g ai ha−1), metribuzin (395 g ha−1), sulfentrazone (330 g ai ha−1), sulfentrazone + imazethapyr (504 g ai ha−1), and imazaquin (550 g ai ha−1). All treatments controlled yellow foxtail >87% with more than 90% reduction of the biomass. By comparison, only sulfentrazone alone controlled knotroot foxtail 90% and completely reduced aboveground biomass. Sethoxydim (520 g ai ha−1), metribuzin, and imazaquin controlled knotroot foxtail >70% at 28 d after application. In a rate response evaluation, nonlinear regression showed that yellow foxtail was approximately 8 times more susceptible to pinoxaden and 2 times more susceptible to sethoxydim than knotroot foxtail based on log (WR50) values, which were 50% reduction in fresh weight. Our research indicates that knotroot foxtail is more difficult to control across a range of herbicides, making differentiation of these two species important before herbicides are applied.
Clomazone and oxyfluorfen combinations in a flooded rice system
Authors: Norsworthy Jason K. , Arnold Casey H. , Butts Thomas R. , Roberts Trenton , Shelton Chad W.
Published: October 2024

Rice producers battle herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide while producing rice for ≥50% of the world’s population. Oxyfluorfen can provide rice producers with an alternative site of action for barnyardgrass control, as there are no documented cases of grass weeds being resistant to the herbicide in the mid-southern United States. Oxyfluorfen is anticipated to be labeled in the Roxy Rice Production System and may be sold as a clomazone/oxyfluorfen premixture; hence, experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate preemergence-applied clomazone/oxyfluorfen ratios compared to clomazone alone on silt loam and clay soils. All ratios of the herbicides caused less than 7% injury to rice in two of four site-years on silt loam soils, whereas, in the two other site-years, the mixtures caused 10% to 40% rice injury at all observation timings. All combinations of the two herbicides provided at least 73% barnyardgrass control 5 wk after rice emergence (WAE) in three of the four site-years on silt loam soils. In at least two of four site-years at 1 and 3 WAE, barnyardgrass control was improved when oxyfluorfen was added to clomazone compared to clomazone alone. On clay soil, barnyardgrass control in both site-years was ≥77% at 5 WAE for all clomazone and oxyfluorfen ratios. Injury to rice ranged from 13% to 30% for all treatments containing clomazone and oxyfluorfen in one of two site-years on clay soil at all observation timings. At 7 WAE, contrasts indicated that the 1:3 ratio of clomazone to oxyfluorfen provided greater barnyardgrass control than the 1:1.5 and 1:2 ratios in one of two site-years. Based on these findings, oxyfluorfen would improve the consistency of barnyardgrass control over clomazone alone in some instances. However, there is an increased risk of injury to rice with the addition of oxyfluorfen.
Sea‐Level Rise, Drinking Water Quality and the Economic Value of Coastal Tourism in North Carolina
Authors: Whitehead J. C. , Anderson W. P. , Guignet D. , Landry C. E. , Morgan O. A.
Published: October 2024

We estimate the economic benefits of avoiding reductions in drinking water quality due to sea level rise accruing to North Carolina (NC) coastal tourists. Using stated preference methods and responses from recent coastal visitors, we find that tourists are 2%, 8%, and 11% less likely to take an overnight trip if drinking water tastes slightly, moderately, or very salty at their chosen destination. The majority of those who decline a trip would take a trip to another NC beach without water quality issues, others would take another type of recreational trip, with a minority opting to stay home. Willingness to pay for an overnight beach trip declines with the salty taste of drinking water. We find evidence of attribute non‐attendance in the stated preference data, which impacts the regression model and estimates of the willingness to pay for trips. Combining economic and hydrological models, annual aggregate benefit losses due to low drinking water quality could be as high as $232 million by 2040.
Gas Transfer Across Air‐Water Interfaces in Inland Waters: From Micro‐Eddies to Super‐Statistics
Authors: Katul Gabriel , Bragg Andrew , Mammarella Ivan , Liu Heping , Li Qi , Bou‐Zeid Elie
Published: October 2024

In inland water covering lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, the gas exchange of slightly soluble gases such as carbon dioxide, dimethyl sulfide, methane, or oxygen across a clean and nearly flat air‐water interface is routinely described using a water‐side mean gas transfer velocity , where overline indicates time or ensemble averaging. The micro‐eddy surface renewal model predicts , where is the molecular Schmidt number, is the water kinematic viscosity, and is the waterside mean turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate at or near the interface. While has been reported across a number of data sets, others report large scatter or variability around this value range. It is shown here that this scatter can be partly explained by high temporal variability in instantaneous around , a mechanism that was not previously considered. As the coefficient of variation in increases, must be adjusted by a multiplier that was derived from a log‐normal model for the probability density function of . Reported variations in with a macro‐scale Reynolds number can also be partly attributed to intermittency effects in . Such intermittency is characterized by the long‐range (i.e., power‐law decay) spatial auto‐correlation function of . That varies with a macro‐scale Reynolds number does not necessarily violate the micro‐eddy model. Instead, it points to a coordination between the macro‐ and micro‐scales arising from the transfer of energy across scales in the energy cascade.
Sedimentos Caribenhos Rastreados at� o Terremoto e Tsunami Portugu�s de 1755
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: October 2024

Arque�logos escavando na Martinica encontraram por acaso o primeiro dep�sito de tsunami do terremoto encontrado no Novo Mundo. Ao que parece, o tsunami deixou um forte rastro, pois a onda passou por cima de um rio.
Thawing Permafrost Is Affecting Climate, but It’s Unclear by How Much
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: October 2024

Models produce widely varying estimates of how ecosystems in the northern permafrost region are currently affecting the global greenhouse gas budget.
Serum anti-NMDA receptor antibodies are linked to memory impairment 12 months after stroke
Authors: Arlt Friederike A. , Sperber Pia S. , von Rennenberg Regina , Gebert Pimrapat , Teegen Bianca , Georgakis Marios K. , Fang Rong , Dewenter Anna , Görtler Michael , Petzold Gabor C. , Wunderlich Silke , Zerr Inga , Dichgans Martin , Prüss Harald , Endres Matthias ,   On behalf of the DEMDAS Investigators, Endres Matthias , Liman Thomas , Nolte Christian , Kerti Lucia , Wittenberg Tatjana , Scheitz Jan F. , Sperber Pia S. , Nave Alexander H. , Kufner Anna Ibaroule , Bode Felix , Stösser Sebastian , Meißner Julius N. , Ebrahimi Taraneh , Nordsiek Julia , Beckonert Niklas , Hermann Peter , Schmitz Matthias , Goebel Stefan , Schütte-Schmidt Julia , Nuhn Sabine , Volpers Corinna , Dechent Peter , Bähr Matthias , Glanz Wenzel , Georgakis Marios , Tiedt Steffen , Waegemann Karin , Janowitz Daniel , Ikenberg Benno , Bermkopf Kathleen , Huber Christiane , Wagner Michael , Neumann Katja , Spottke Annika , Stöcker Tony , Dühring Marco , Speck Oliver , Duezel Emrah , Bartenstein Peter
Published: October 2024

Patients suffering from strokes are at increased risk of developing post-stroke dementia. Serum anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies (NMDAR1-abs) have been associated with unfavorable post-stroke outcomes. However, their effect on specific cognitive domains remains unclear. We used data from the prospective multicenter DZNE—mechanisms after stroke (DEMDAS) cohort, and measured NMDAR1-abs in serum at baseline. Cognitive function was assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery at 6- and 12-months follow-up. We employed crude and stepwise confounder adjusted linear and logistic regression models as well as generalized estimating equation models (GEE) to determine the relevance of NMDAR1-abs seropositivity on cognitive function after stroke. 10.2% (58/569) DEMDAS patients were NMDAR1-abs seropositive (IgM:n = 44/IgA:n = 21/IgG:n = 2). Seropositivity was not associated with global cognitive impairment after stroke. However, NMDAR1-abs seropositive patients performed lower in the memory domain (βadjusted = −0.11; 95%CI = −0.57 to −0.03) and were at increased risk for memory impairment (ORadjusted = 3.8; 95%CI = 1.33–10.82) compared to seronegative patients, 12 months after stroke. Further, NMDAR1-abs were linked to memory impairment over time in GEE from 6- to 12-months follow-up (ORadjusted = 2.41; 95%CI = 1.05–5.49). Our data suggests that NMDAR1-abs contribute to memory dysfunction 1 year after stroke while not affecting other cognitive subdomains. Hence, antineuronal autoimmunity may be involved in distinct mechanisms of post-stroke memory impairment. Clinical trial name and registration number: The Determinants of Dementia After Stroke (DEMDAS; study identifier on clinical trials.gov: NCT01334749)
Recurrent somatic mutations of FAT family cadherins induce an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Villa Matteo , Sharma Geeta G. , Malighetti Federica , Mauri Mario , Arosio Giulia , Cordani Nicoletta , Lobello Cosimo , Larose Hugo , Pirola Alessandra , D’Aliberti Deborah , Massimino Luca , Criscuolo Lucrezia , Pagani Lisa , Chinello Clizia , Mastini Cristina , Fontana Diletta , Bombelli Silvia , Meneveri Raffaella , Lovisa Federica , Mussolin Lara , Janikova Andrea , Pospíšilová Šárka , Turner Suzanne D. , Inghirami Giorgio , Magni Fulvio , Urso Mario , Pagni Fabio , Ramazzotti Daniele , Piazza Rocco , Chiarle Roberto , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Mologni Luca
Published: October 2024

Background

Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare and aggressive T-cell lymphoma, classified into ALK-positive and ALK-negative subtypes, based on the presence of chromosomal translocations involving the ALK gene. The current standard of treatment for ALCL is polychemotherapy, with a high overall survival rate. However, a subset of patients does not respond to or develops resistance to these therapies, posing a serious challenge for clinicians. Recent targeted treatments such as ALK kinase inhibitors and anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugates have shown promise but, for a fraction of patients, the prognosis is still unsatisfactory.

Methods

We investigated the genetic landscape of ALK + ALCL by whole-exome sequencing; recurring mutations were characterized in vitro and in vivo using transduced ALCL cellular models.

Results

Recurrent mutations in FAT family genes and the transcription factor RUNX1T1 were found. These mutations induced changes in ALCL cells morphology, growth, and migration, shedding light on potential factors contributing to treatment resistance. In particular, FAT4 silencing in ALCL cells activated the β-catenin and YAP1 pathways, which play crucial roles in tumor growth, and conferred resistance to chemotherapy. Furthermore, STAT1 and STAT3 were hyper-activated in these cells. Gene expression profiling showed global changes in pathways related to cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, and oncogenic signaling. Notably, FAT mutations associated with poor outcome in patients.

Conclusions

These findings provide novel insights into the molecular portrait of ALCL, that could help improve treatment strategies and the prognosis for ALCL patients.
The replicative helicase CMG is required for the divergence of cell fates during asymmetric cell division in vivo
Authors: Memar Nadin , Sherrard Ryan , Sethi Aditya , Fernandez Carla Lloret , Schmidt Henning , Lambie Eric J. , Poole Richard J. , Schnabel Ralf , Conradt Barbara
Published: October 2024

We report that the eukaryotic replicative helicase CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) is required for differential gene expression in cells produced by asymmetric cell divisions in C. elegans. We found that the C. elegans CMG component, PSF-2 GINS2, is necessary for transcriptional upregulation of the pro-apoptotic gene egl-1 BH3-only that occurs in cells programmed to die after they are produced through asymmetric cell divisions. We propose that CMG’s histone chaperone activity causes epigenetic changes at the egl-1 locus during replication in mother cells, and that these changes are required for egl-1 upregulation in cells programmed to die. We find that PSF-2 is also required for the divergence of other cell fates during C. elegans development, suggesting that this function is not unique to egl-1 expression. Our work uncovers an unexpected role of CMG in cell fate decisions and an intrinsic mechanism for gene expression plasticity in the context of asymmetric cell division.
High-parametric protein maps reveal the spatial organization in early-developing human lung
Authors: Sariyar Sanem , Sountoulidis Alexandros , Hansen Jan Niklas , Marco Salas Sergio , Mardamshina Mariya , Martinez Casals Anna , Ballllosera Navarro Frederic , Andrusivova Zaneta , Li Xiaofei , Czarnewski Paulo , Lundeberg Joakim , Linnarsson Sten , Nilsson Mats , Sundström Erik , Samakovlis Christos , Lundberg Emma , Ayoglu Burcu
Published: October 2024

The respiratory system, including the lungs, is essential for terrestrial life. While recent research has advanced our understanding of lung development, much still relies on animal models and transcriptome analyses. In this study conducted within the Human Developmental Cell Atlas (HDCA) initiative, we describe the protein-level spatiotemporal organization of the lung during the first trimester of human gestation. Using high-parametric tissue imaging with a 30-plex antibody panel, we analyzed human lung samples from 6 to 13 post-conception weeks, generating data from over 2 million cells across five developmental timepoints. We present a resource detailing spatially resolved cell type composition of the developing human lung, including proliferative states, immune cell patterns, spatial arrangement traits, and their temporal evolution. This represents an extensive single-cell resolved protein-level examination of the developing human lung and provides a valuable resource for further research into the developmental roots of human respiratory health and disease.
Encoding extracellular modification of artificial cell membranes using engineered self-translocating proteins
Authors: Harjung Alexander , Fracassi Alessandro , Devaraj Neal K.
Published: October 2024

The development of artificial cells has led to fundamental insights into the functional processes of living cells while simultaneously paving the way for transformative applications in biotechnology and medicine. A common method of generating artificial cells is to encapsulate protein expression systems within lipid vesicles. However, to communicate with the external environment, protein translocation across lipid membranes must take place. In living cells, protein transport across membranes is achieved with the aid of complex translocase systems which are difficult to reconstitute into artificial cells. Thus, there is need for simple mechanisms by which proteins can be encoded and expressed inside synthetic compartments yet still be externally displayed. Here we present a genetically encodable membrane functionalization system based on mutants of pore-forming proteins. We modify the membrane translocating loop of α-hemolysin to translocate functional peptides up to 52 amino acids across lipid membranes. Full membrane translocation occurs in the absence of any translocase machinery and the translocated peptides are recognized by specific peptide-binding ligands on the opposing membrane side. Engineered hemolysins can be used for genetically programming artificial cells to display interacting peptide pairs, enabling their assembly into artificial tissue-like structures.
α-synuclein overexpression and the microbiome shape the gut and brain metabolome in mice
Authors: Morais Livia H. , Boktor Joseph C. , MahmoudianDehkordi Siamak , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima , Mazmanian Sarkis K.
Published: October 2024

Pathological forms of α-synuclein contribute to synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Most cases of PD arise from gene-environment interactions. Microbiome composition is altered in PD, and gut bacteria are causal to symptoms in animal models. We quantitatively profiled nearly 630 metabolites in the gut, plasma, and brain of α-synuclein-overexpressing (ASO) mice, compared to wild-type (WT) animals, and comparing germ-free (GF) to specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals (n = 5 WT-SPF; n = 6 ASO-SPF; n = 6 WT-GF; n = 6 ASO-GF). Many differentially expressed metabolites in ASO mice are also dysregulated in human PD patients, including amine oxides, bile acids and indoles. The microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) strongly correlates from the gut to the plasma to the brain in mice, notable since TMAO is elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of PD patients. These findings uncover broad metabolomic changes that are influenced by the intersection of host genetics and microbiome in a mouse model of PD.
Fibrolytic vaccination against ADAM12 reduces desmoplasia in preclinical pancreatic adenocarcinomas
Authors: Chen Jing , Sobecki Michal , Krzywinska Ewelina , Thierry Kevin , Masmoudi Mélissa , Nagarajan Shunmugam , Fan Zheng , He Jingyi , Ferapontova Irina , Nelius Eric , Seehusen Frauke , Gotthardt Dagmar , Takeda Norihiko , Sommer Lukas , Sexl Veronika , Münz Christian , DeNardo David , Hennino Ana , Stockmann Christian
Published: October 2024

A hallmark feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is massive intratumoral fibrosis, designated as desmoplasia. Desmoplasia is characterized by the expansion of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and a massive increase in extracellular matrix (ECM). During fibrogenesis, distinct genes become reactivated specifically in fibroblasts, e.g., the disintegrin metalloprotease, ADAM12. Previous studies have shown that immunotherapeutic ablation of ADAM12+ cells reduces fibrosis in various organs. In preclinical mouse models of PDAC, we observe ADAM12 expression in CAFs as well as in tumor cells but not in healthy mouse pancreas. Therefore, we tested prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against ADAM12 in murine PDAC and observed delayed tumor growth along with a reduction in CAFs and tumor desmoplasia. This is furthermore associated with vascular normalization and alleviated tumor hypoxia. The ADAM12 vaccine induces a redistribution of CD8+ T cells within the tumor and cytotoxic responses against ADAM12+ cells. In summary, vaccination against the endogenous fibroblast target ADAM12 effectively depletes CAFs, reduces desmoplasia and delays the growth of murine PDACs. These results provide proof-of-principle for the development of vaccination-based immunotherapies to treat tumor desmoplasia.
Reciprocal inhibition of NOTCH and SOX2 shapes tumor cell plasticity and therapeutic escape in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Fournier Morgane , Javary Joaquim , Roh Vincent , Fournier Nadine , Radtke Freddy
Published: October 2024

Cancer cell plasticity contributes significantly to the failure of chemo- and targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Molecular mechanisms of therapy-induced tumor cell plasticity and associated resistance are largely unknown. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we investigated escape mechanisms of NOTCH-driven TNBC treated with a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) and identified SOX2 as a target of resistance to Notch inhibition. We describe a novel reciprocal inhibitory feedback mechanism between Notch signaling and SOX2. Specifically, Notch signaling inhibits SOX2 expression through its target genes of the HEY family, and SOX2 inhibits Notch signaling through direct interaction with RBPJ. This mechanism shapes divergent cell states with NOTCH positive TNBC being more epithelial-like, while SOX2 expression correlates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, induces cancer stem cell features and GSI resistance. To counteract monotherapy-induced tumor relapse, we assessed GSI-paclitaxel and dasatinib-paclitaxel combination treatments in NOTCH inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant TNBC xenotransplants, respectively. These distinct preventive combinations and second-line treatment option dependent on NOTCH1 and SOX2 expression in TNBC are able to induce tumor growth control and reduce metastatic burden.
Molecularly imprinted polymer sensors for biomarker detection in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Tang Wenteng , Han Junlei , Zhang Wenhong , Li Huimin , Chen Jun , Song Wei , Wang Li
Published: October 2024

Molecularly imprinted polymer sensors, combined with electrochemical, optical, thermal, and acoustic detection technologies, detect biomarkers for key cardiovascular diseases: coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
Construction of a hydrophilic porphyrin-based MOF@COF hybrid via post-synthetic modification for N-glycopeptides analysis in human serum
Authors: Rao Dongping , Meng Luyan , Sheng Xiuqin , Yu Wenying , Ding Chuan-Fan , Yan Yinghua
Published: October 2024

This work introduces the analysis of trace N-glycopeptides in human serum by a hydrophilic porphyrin-based MOF@COF hybrid.
Fast detection of penicillium rot and the conservation status of packaged citrus fruit using an optical array sensor
Authors: Cavallaro Alessia , Santonocito Rossella , Puglisi Roberta , Pappalardo Andrea , La Spada Federico , Parlascino Rossana , Riolo Mario , Cacciola Santa Olga , Tuccitto Nunzio , Trusso Sfrazzetto Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

The possibility to detect the conservation status of citrus fruit by using an optical array sensor containing synthetic organic fluorescent probes is reported here. Our device shows high sensitivity and selectivity and is of low-cost.
Controlled synthesis of CD2H-ketones
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Pattison Graham
Published: October 2024

A convenient synthetic route to ketones containing the CD2H group is reported, allowing access to a rare isotope pattern.
In situ construction of a vanadium dioxide and MXene heterostructure towards high-capacity ammonium ion storage
Authors: Cao Zeyu , Yang Jinyao , Ren Hang , Zhang Jingyuan , Yang Ying , Zhu Guoyin , Zhang Yizhou , Dong Shengyang
Published: October 2024

A high capacity VO2@V2C anode is proposed for aqueous ammonium-ion storage due to the synergistic effect of MXene and VO2.
Interfacial behavior of ceria grown on graphene oxide and its use for hydrolytic and photocatalytic decomposition of bisphenols A, S, and F
Authors: Šťastný Martin , Bavol Dmytro , Tolasz Jakub , Bezdička Petr , Čundrle Jan , Kormunda Martin , Dimitrov Ivan , Janoš Pavel , Kirakci Kaplan , Henych Jiří
Published: October 2024

CeO2/graphene oxide nanocomposites efficiently degrade bisphenols A, S, and F. Hydrolytic cleavage of bisphenol S was observed even without any illumination.
Electrochemical and density functional simulation studies of a cobalt(ii) imidazolate framework for the real-time sensing of atrazine
Authors: Singh Simranjeet , N Pavithra , Behera S.K , Varshney Radhika , Singh Joginder , Ramamurthy Praveen C
Published: October 2024

Atrazine, a human-made herbicide, is infamous for its endocrine-disrupting properties, with adverse consequences on the immune, reproductive, and nervous systems.
Application of anti fouling graphene oxide membrane modified with gallic acid and ethylenediamine in emulsified oil separation
Authors: Cai Li , Fan Zhenzhong , Liu Qingwang , Sun Ao , Tong Qilei , Qiao Sanyuan , Fu Yuanfeng
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the modification of graphene oxide (GO) with ethylenediamine (EDA) to enhance its interlayer spacing to 1.04 nm and increase water flux to 879.2 L m−2 h−1.
A fluffy sphere-like NiCoCu-carbonate hydroxide based electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in pH neutral electrolyte solution
Authors: Yu Li , Ma Xiaocai , Liang Qin
Published: October 2024

Highly efficient, serviceable, and cost-efficient electrode materials for electrochemical water oxidation to evolve O2 is an important factor in renewable chemical fuels, including water splitting and reusable metal−air battery. Herein,...
Deciphering the electronic and structural origin of chiroptical activity of chiral 2D perovskites
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Wu Jin , Lu Haipeng
Published: October 2024

Understanding the structure–chiroptical activity relationship in chiral perovskites is of great significance as it provides a pathway to control light–matter interactions.
A polymer deposition-mediated surface-charge reformation strategy: reversing the MOF biomineralization behavior
Authors: Xu Yanbin , Yang Huangsheng , Huang Anlian , Tong Linjing , Huang Wei , Chen Guosheng , Yi Wei , Huang Siming , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: October 2024

A biocompatible polymer deposition-mediated surface-charge reformation strategy is reported that enables the in-place MOF biomineralization onto different enzyme templates.
Maternal Question Use Relates to Syntactic Skills in 5- to 7-Year-Old Children
Authors: Buckalew Grace , Ramirez Alexus G. , Schneider Julie M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This study examined how mothers' question-asking behavior relates to their child's syntactic skills. One important aspect of maternal question-asking behavior is the use of complex questions when speaking with children. These questions can differ based on both their purpose and structure. The purpose may be to seek out information, to teach, or to get a simple yes/no response. Questions may even be rhetorical, with no answer intended at all. Structurally, questions can include a
wh
-word (
who
,
what
,
when
,
where
,
why
, and
how
) or not; however, these
wh
-questions are important because they elicit utterances from the child and support vocabulary development. Despite
wh
-questions eliciting a response from children, it remains unknown how these questions relate to children's syntactic skills.

Method:

Thirty-four mother–child dyads participated in a 15-min seminaturalistic play session. Children were between the ages of 5 and 7 years (
M
= 6.26 years,
SD
= 1.04 years; 20 girls/14 boys). The Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation (DELV) assessment was used to measure syntactic skills in children. Using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts, questions were categorized based on structure (
wh
-questions vs. non–
wh
-questions) and purpose (information-seeking, pedagogical, or yes/no and rhetorical questions). A repeated-measures analysis of covariance and a linear regression model were implemented to address the frequency of different questions asked by mothers, as well as what types of questions are most related to children's concurrent syntactic skills.

Results:

When controlling for total maternal utterances, results revealed that non–
wh
-questions and rhetorical/yes and no questions were the most frequent types of questions produced by mothers, in terms of structure and purpose, respectively. However,
wh
-questions were predominantly information-seeking questions. This is important, as the use of information-seeking
wh
-questions was positively associated with children's syntactic skills, as measured by the DELV, and resulted in children producing longer utterances in response to these questions, as determined by child mean length of utterance in words.

Conclusion:

Taken together, these findings suggest maternal use of
wh
-questions aids syntactic skills in children ages 5–7 years, likely because they require a more syntactically complex response on the child's behalf.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27276891
Right Information, Right Care, Right Patient, Right Time: Community Preferences to Inform a Self-Management Support Tool for Upper Respiratory Symptoms
Authors: Gutnick Damara , Lutz Carlo , Mani Kyle A. , Weldon Christine B. , Trosman Julia R. , Rapkin Bruce , Jinnett Kimberly , Fleurimont Judes , Kaur Savneet , Jariwala Sunit P.
Published: October 2024

Objectives During and since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, communities have needed to cope with several conditions that cause similar upper respiratory symptoms but are managed differently. We describe community reactions to a self-management toolkit for patients with upper respiratory symptoms to inform mobile e-health app development. The toolkit is based on the “4R” (Right Information, Right Care, Right Patient, Right Time) care planning and management model.

Methods The 4R Cold, Flu, and COVID-19 Information Tool (4R-Toolkit) along with a brief evaluation survey were distributed in three ways: through a Bronx NY Allergy/Asthma clinic, through the Bronx Borough President's Office listserv, and through peer recruitment. The survey assessed respondents' perceptions of the 4R-Toolkit's accessibility, preferences for sharing symptoms with clinicians, social media use, and e-health literacy.

Results We obtained a diverse sample of 106 Bronx residents, with 83% reporting personal or a social contact with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. Respondents varied in the information sources they preferred: computer (39%), smartphone (28%), paper (11%), and no preference (22%). Most (67%) reported that social media had at least some impact on their health care decisions. Regardless of media preferences, respondents were positive about the 4R-Toolkit. Out of 106 respondents, 91% believed the 4R-Toolkit would help people self-manage upper respiratory symptoms and 85% found it easy to understand. Respondents strongly endorsed retention of all 4R-Toolkit content domains with 81% indicating that they would be willing to share symptoms with providers using a 4R-Toolkit smartphone app.

Conclusion The 4R-Toolkit can offer patients and community members accurate and up-to-date information on COVID-19, the common cold, and the flu. The user-friendly tool is accessible to diverse individuals, including those with limited e-health literacy. It has potential to support self-management of upper respiratory symptoms and promote patient engagement with providers.