bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLE VOLUME AND FUNCTION AS INDICATORS OF PRE-FRAILTY IN OLDER ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Authors: Miyamoto E. , Kaneko M. , Miyamoto E. , Kaneko M. , Ichimaru S. , Hokotachi Y. , Amagai T.
Published: December 2021

Background: In a survey of 2004 conducted by World Health Organization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is proved third leading cause of death worldwide and develops frailty. However, the differences between pre-frailty and non-frailty or frailty are not well studied. Objective: To examine the working hypothesis that there is differences in phenotypes between pre-frailty and non-frailty or frailty in patients with COPD. Design and setting: This study is a cross-sectional study. Participants: Patients with consecutive COPD male patients, whose age is 50 year-old or older, visited COPD outpatient clinic at single institute, between 2011, March and August, were eligible. Measurements: The data categorized into seven domains according to Fried’s phenotypic criteria were collected in all subjects divided into three groups: non-, pre-, and frailty. All data was compared between two of three groups. Results: Pre-frail COPD patients showed declines in upper extremities’ muscle volume and functions assessed by arm muscle area and hand-grip strength (P<0.05) compared with data in non-frailty group. This was different from results of comparison data between pre- and frailty group where lower extremities’ muscle data showed statistically different (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our observation could be interpreted that declines in upper extremities’ muscle volume and function might precede in comparison pre-frailty with non-frailty COPD patients. This might be an early predictor to progressing the severity of COPD in pre-frail COPD patients and might be potential factor to prevent deterioration of frailty and COPD severity.
OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOMASAS DE Kluyveromyces marxianus EN LACTOSUERO
Authors: Eluk D
Published: December 2021

Whey is a by-product of cheese making and represents a danger of environmental contamination when discarded without prior treatment. However, due to its high content of lactose, vitamins and proteins, whey should not be considered a waste, but rather a raw material for obtaining value-added products. Among the alternatives for its use, biomass production stands out through fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus. Therefore, this work determines the best operating conditions for biomass production, minimizing residual lactose. To this end, a Doehlert Experimental Matrix Design was used to optimize the effects of aeration and nitrogen source concentration on the growth of K. marxianus by a minimum number of experiments. The results obtained allow maximizing the biomass production, the consumption of lactose and protein by K. marxianus, thus achieving a more effective treatment of whey prior to its discard.
SIGUIENDO LOS PASOS DE LAS SEMILLAS: UTILIZACIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA PARA GEORREFERENCIAR HUERTAS VINCULADAS A LA AGENCIA INTA RÍO CUARTO
Authors: Toledo M
Published: December 2021

The Pro-Huerta program delivers the autumn-winter and spring-summer seasonal seed kits free of charge to all INTA agencies. Each seed kit removed from the agency by the beneficiary, is registered in a form with the information of the address where the vegetable garden will be and a contact number. Using the data and a geographic information system (GIS), it was possible to georeference the potential vegetable gardens in the city of Río Cuarto, becoming a tool for intervention and territorial accompaniment of the extension agency in order to plan the survey and monitoring of activities productive of them.
EFECTO DE UN SURFACTANTE NO IONICO EN LA PERMEABILIDAD DE BUTORFANOL A TRAVES DE MUCOSA NASAL EQUINA
Authors: Velloso M I
Published: December 2021

Implementation of intranasal administration for the delivery of drugs with site of action into the central nervous system, such as butorphanol, became a potential choice in equine medicine.  In this study, using Franz-diffusion cells the in vitro permeation rate through respiratory and olfactory equine nasal mucosa of two butorphanol formulations was estimated and compared.  Both formulations had the same composition, was the exception for formulation 2, that contained 2, 5 x 10 -4 M of a non-ionic surfactant (tween 80). Butorphanol administered dose was 24, 4 mg/cm2. Plots of the cumulative amounts of butorphanol against time were constructed, where maximum flux values at the steady state (Jss), apparent permeability coefficients (Kp) and lag-time (tlag) were estimated. The Jss and Kp show that permeation of butorphanol through olfactory mucosa is different than respiratory mucosa. Moreover, Jss for formulation 2 was higher than formulation 1 in both anatomical areas, probably for the effect of the surfactant. The present results are promising to carry on with the development of formulation of butorphanol for intranasal administration.
Interações medicamentosas graves relacionadas às intoxicações por paracetamol
Authors: Okuyama Julia Hiromi Hori , Lagemann Letícia Mariano , Silva Marcus Tolentino
Published: December 2021

Interações medicamentosas graves relacionadas às intoxicações por paracetamol.
[Review] Austin McQuinn. Becoming Audible: Sounding Animality in Performance. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2021. 200 pp.
Authors: Garlid Annie
Published: December 2021

Animal Studies Journal 2021 10(2): [Review] Austin McQuinn. Becoming Audible: Sounding Animality in Performance. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2021. 200 pp.
[Review] Jason Hannan, editor. Meatsplaining: The Animal Agriculture Industry and the Rhetoric of Denial. Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2020. 334 pp.
Authors: Lockwood Alex
Published: December 2021

Animal Studies Journal 2021 10(2): [Review] Jason Hannan, editor. Meatsplaining: The Animal Agriculture Industry and the Rhetoric of Denial. Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2020. 334 pp.
Habitat Mosaic
Authors: Corradini Adrienne
Published: December 2021

In this creative work a young fox and a hunter’s daughter negotiate the emotional and physical landscape of a rural Australian property.
A Nude Horse Is A Rude Horse: The Society for Indecency to Naked Animals
Authors: Aiello Thomas
Published: December 2021

In 1959, Alan Abel began sending out a series of press releases to American media outlets credited to a new organization, The Society for Indecency to Naked Animals. Using the language of conservative moralists opposed to the changes in postwar society, he argued that ‘naked’ animals were scandalous and needed to be clothed. Pets, farm animals, and wildlife were all included, as the organization hued to slogans like ‘a nude horse is a rude horse’ and ‘decency today means morality tomorrow’. Abel employed comedian Buck Henry to play the organization’s president, G. Clifford Prout, who gave interviews and speeches covered widely by the mainstream press. Over the next four years, Prout and the group were featured on every major American newscast. The hoax was exposed in late 1962 after he gave an interview to Walter Cronkite. The following year, Time magazine officially debunked the existence of the group. It was an elaborate hoax, but it was also a satire, using animals to critique moralists attempting to ban books and music for indecency. In so doing, the group also unintentionally laid bare American contradictory thinking about animals, as clothing nonhuman animals and worrying about their ‘indecency’ assumed that they had some level of agency. The United States, for example, had always classified the killing of those wearing clothes as murder. Thus it was that while the satire of The Society for Indecency to Naked Animals was directed toward human moralists, the content of its crusade focused exclusively on nonhumans, raising clear questions about their role in human society.
'Fulfilling your Dog's Potential': Changing Dimensions of Power in Dog Training Cultures in the UK
Authors: Charles Nickie , Fox Rebekah , Smith Harriet , Miele Mara
Published: December 2021

This article explores the workings of power in dog training cultures through an analysis of UK dog training manuals from the mid-19th century to the present. We focus on gundog and companion dog training cultures, investigating the dog-human relations they assume, the changing conceptions of human-animal relations they represent, and the inequalities and relations of power in which they are embedded. Rather than thinking about changing training practices in terms of a shift from dominance to positive training, or from instrumental to affective relations, we argue that training cultures reveal how inter-species inequalities are conceptualised and reproduced in a range of historical periods and cultural spaces. We suggest that dog training cultures can be distinguished by contrasting understandings of dogs as: (1) rational, thinking beings, (2) instinctive creatures, and (3) autonomous active agents as well as by the inequalities of gender, class, race and species structuring the spaces in which they are embedded. Furthermore, the modalities of power which characterise dog training cultures favour different groups of human actors rather than dogs, even in training cultures which are based on partnership and are ‘dog centred’. Our analysis shows how inter-species relations are lived and thought through the cultural practices of dog training.
Materiały do osiągnięć leksykografii słowiańskiej
Authors: Sierociuk Jerzy
Published: December 2021

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Бібліографія праць Наталії Хобзей
Authors: Романина Ірина , Ястремська Тетяна
Published: December 2021

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About certain dependence of word formation on the structure of the lexical and semantic field
Authors: Sierociuk Jerzy
Published: December 2021

This article presents the situation caused by the interference of new lexical units foreign to a specific dialect. Words transparent with respect to word formation, like grabisko, siekierzysko, kosisko, stylisko, documenting the idiom of the formant -isko with the noun base (in names of the components of simple tools) change their characteristics under the influence of an increasingly popular form like styl ‘handle’. Consequently, the structure of the type kosisko ‘handle, hilt, grips of a scythe’ (with a noun basis) is being replaced by the type kosisko ‘the metal part of a scythe, the chine’ (with a verb basis). Similar transformations are taking place with grabisko.
Does Immigration Depreciate Residential Land Prices? Case of Tokyo
Authors: Tomohara Akinori
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the effects of immigration on residential land prices in urban Tokyo. A rapid increase in immigrants in Tokyo raises the concern that immigration may depreciate land prices because of the negative image emerging from the perception that some immigrants might create disharmony in society. However, our analysis denies this possibility; for every 1% increase in immigrant ratio (i.e., the proportion of immigrants in the total population), the residential land prices increase by 12%. Although the literature explains that a negative immigration effect occurs when the analysis uses small geographic units, the results suggest that even a positive effect can occur under small geographic units. The implications of the current results are complicated. While the concern of immigration-induced land price depreciation is unfounded, this raises another concern—that of asset inequality between land owners and tenants.
Sex-Specific Regulation of β-Secretase: A Novel Estrogen Response Element (ERE)-Dependent Mechanism in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Cui Jie , Ait-Ghezala Ghania , Sambamurti Kumar , Gao Feng , Shen Yong , Li Rena
Published: December 2021

Women have a higher prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than age-matched men, and loss of estrogen might be partially responsible for the higher risk of AD in aged women. While β-secretase (BACE1) plays an important role in AD pathogenesis, whether BACE1 involved the sex difference in AD pathology remains unclear. This study investigated the hypothesis that estrogen regulates BACE1 transcription via the estrogen response element (ERE) and designated pathways. Using estrogen receptor (ER) knock-out mice and mutagenesis of EREs in HEK293 cells, we demonstrated sex-specific inhibition of BACE1 transcription by estrogen via direct binding to ERE sites and ERα. We also used a repressor of estrogen receptor activity (REA) and showed that an REA–ERE complex downregulated BACE1. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay analysis determined that all three EREs at the BACE1 promoter were required for estradiol-mediated downregulation of BACE1 transcription in mice. Last, we confirmed the impairment of the REA pathway in the cortex of female AD patients. Our study identified an estrogen-specific BACE1 transcriptional regulation pathway from cell and animal models to AD patients.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWith the increase in the aging population and Alzheimer's disease worldwide, an urgent need to find effective approaches to treat or prevent AD. Women have a higher prevalence and incidence of AD than men. Identification of the sex-specific risk for AD may be valuable for disease prevention. This study evaluated several estrogen response element (ERE) sites on the promoter of β-secretase (BACE1), a key enzyme for AD pathology. We demonstrated that estrogen downregulated BACE1 transcription through direct binding and complex formation with ERE and cofactors. Our novel findings provide evidence that an estrogen supplement may decrease the risk of AD in menopausal and postmenopausal women. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the “sex-specific” mechanisms of BACE1 as a role in AD pathogenesis.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal response to fire and urbanization in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Authors: Kivlin Stephanie N. , Harpe V. Rosanne , Turner Jackson H. , Moore Jessica A. M. , Moorhead Leigh C. , Beals Kendall K. , Hubert Mali M. , Papeş Monica , Schweitzer Jennifer A.
Published: December 2021

Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity as drier and warmer climates increase plant detrital fuel loads. At the same time, increases in urbanization position 9% of fire-prone land within the United States at the wildland–urban interface. While rarely studied, the compounded effects of urbanization and wildfires may have unknown synergistically negative effects on ecosystems. Previous studies at the wildland–urban interface often focus on aboveground plant communities, but belowground ecosystems may also be affected by this double disturbance. In particular, it is unclear how much fire and urbanization independently or interactively affect nutritional symbioses such as those between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the majority of terrestrial plants. In November 2016, extreme drought conditions and long-term fire suppression combined to create a wildfire within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the neighboring exurban city of Gatlinburg, TN. To understand how the double disturbance of urbanization and fire affected AM fungal communities, we collected fine roots from the 5 dominant understory species in September 2018 at each of 18 sites spanning 3 burn severities in both exurban and natural sites. Despite large variation in burn severity, plant species identity had the largest influence on AM fungi. AM fungal colonization, richness, and composition all varied most among plant species. Fire and urbanization did influence some AM fungal metrics; colonization was lower in burned sites and composition was more variable among exurban locations. There were no interactions among burn severity and urbanization on AM fungi. Our results point to the large influence of plant species identity structuring this obligate nutritional symbiosis regardless of disturbance regime. Therefore, the majority of AM fungal taxa may be buffered from fire-induced ecosystem changes if plant community composition largely remains intact, plant species life history traits allow for AM fungal persistence after fire disturbance, and/or nearby undisturbed habitat can act as an inoculum source for recolonization following fires. Thus, it is critical to maintain natural, undisturbed habitats interspersed within the wildland–urban interface.
Ojeda Escalante, Roberto y Herrera Villagra, Alejandro. Yuyay Taqe. Los incas en su tiempo y en el nuestro
Authors: Cusicuna Vilca Lisbeth Judit
Published: December 2021

Cusco se caracteriza por poseer una vasta historia, desde el precerámico hasta nuestros días; en ese entender, son escasos los textos que reúnen tan considerable información en un solo ejemplar como en Yuyay Taqe. Los incas en su tiempo y en el nuestro, una compilación de trabajos científicos efectuado por investigadores internacionales, nacionales y locales, quienes procuran comprender a los actores de la historia desde tiempos pasados y su influencia hasta la actualidad, a partir de sus respectivas disciplinas.
OVERVOLTAGE DURING ARC SINGLE-PHASE EARTH FAILURES IN 35 KV ELECTRICAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Seheda M.S. , Ravlyk O.M. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Bakhor Z.M. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Yatseyko A.Ya. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The results of the study of overvoltages during arc single-phase earth faults of intermittent nature in the 35 kV electric network with isolated neutral are presented. Computer simulations of transients in the electrical network have obtained the maximum multiplicities of overvoltages at the point of occurrence of single-phase arc earth faults, which exceed theoretically expected according to known theories of the occurrence and development of overvoltages. The change of the overvoltage level on the 35 kV busbars of the network substations, electrically connected to the place of occurrence of the single-phase earth fault, and the influence of the cable line on the overvoltage multiplicity are shown. Ref. 12, fig. 3, table.
TECHNICAL MEANS FOR SUPPRESSION OF RESONANCE PHENOMENA IN ELECTRICAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine,, Kuchanskyy V.V. , Savytskyi O.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine,
Published: December 2021

The self-excitation phenomenon of generators connected to an unloaded power line is considered. Accordingly, the selected values of the conductivity of the controlled shunt reactors, following the control range (especially in the overload mode), avoid the occurrence of self-excitation of the generators. The physical analysis of the processes occurring at self-excitation of the synchronous generator is given, and the calculated models are developed. It is established that in the case of artificial support along the entire length of the voltage line at the nominal value using controlled compensating devices, the transmission will have properties characteristic of relatively short lines (up to 500 km) regardless of its geometric length. It is determined that the length of the line section at the ends of which the DC voltage is maintained is much less than 500 km. Therefore, less than the natural voltage along the section length will exceed the nominal value at the transmitted power, and the line will have excess reactive power. Consumption in intermediate compensation devices (compensation current must be inductive). Ref.8, fig. 4, tables 4.
Characterization of biofilm producing methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci from India
Authors: Suneel Kumar A. , Smiline Girija A.S. , Naga Srilatha B.
Published: December 2021

Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) cause infectious diseases due to their potential to form biofilm and further colonization in hospital materials. This study evaluated the antibiotic susceptible phenotypes, biofilm-producing ability, and biofilm-associated genes (mecA, icaAD,bap,cna, andfnbA). Biofilm formation was detected through Congo red agar (CRA) method and MTP method. The presence of biofilm and associated genes in MR-CoNSwere detected by PCR. A total of 310 (55.95%) isolates produced the biofilm. Among these isolates,Staphylococcus haemolyticus(34.83%),Staphylococcus epidermis(31.93%),Staphylococcus capitis(16.77%),Staphylococcus cohnii(10.96%), andStaphylococcus hominis(5.48%) were identified. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of CoNS isolates indicated resistance to cefoxitin (100%), erythromycin (94.8%), ciprofloxacin (66.7%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (66.7%), gentamicin (66.12%), and clindamycin (62.9%). Resistance rate to mupirocin was 48.5% inS.epidermidisand 38.9% inS. haemolyticusisolates. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.

The prevalence rates oficaAD, bap, fnbA, andcnawere 18.06%, 12.5%, 47.4%, and 27.4%, respectively.icaAD andbapgenes were detected in 18.06% and 12.5% of MR-CoNS isolates.fnbA andcnagenes were detected in 47.41% and 27.41% of MRCoNS isolates. icaAD positive strains exhibited a significant increase in the biofilm formation compared with those that lackedicaAD (0.86 (0.42, 1.39) versus 0.36 (0.14, 0.75), respectively;P< 0.001).

In conclusion, the majority of MR-CoNS isolates were biofilm producers, andS.capitis, which possessedicaADgenes, ranked as the great biofilm producer than otherStaphylococcus. The study’s findings are important to form a strategy to control biofilm formation as an alternative strategy to counter the spread of MR-CoNS in healthcare settings.
Controlling of payload swinging of an overhead crane
Authors: Hmoumen Marouane , Szabó Tamàs
Published: December 2021

A new two-level hierarchical approach to control the trolley position and payload swinging of an overhead crane is proposed. At the first level, a simple mathematical pendulum model is investigated considering the time delay due to the use of a vision system. In the second level, a chain model is developed, extending the previous pendulum model considering the vibration of the suspending chain. The relative displacement of the payload is measured with a vision sensor, and the rest of the state-space variables are determined by a collocated observer. The gain parameters related to the state variables of the chain vibration are determined by the use of a pole placement method. The proposed controller is verified by numerical simulation and experimentally on a laboratory test bench.
Following The Milky Way Path of Souls
Authors: Romain William F.
Published: December 2021

Cahokia was a major Native American city on the east side of the Mississippi River, across from the modern-day city of St. Louis, Missouri. Cahokia flourished from c.1050 AD to c.1250. In this paper archaeoastronomic and ethnohistoric data along with computer simulations are used to explore the idea that the Cahokia site axis and the Rattlesnake Causeway were intentionally aligned to the Milky Way. It is proposed that this alignment accounts for the peculiar 5° offset of the site from the cardinal directions. Following Sarah Baires, it is suggested that Rattlesnake Causeway was a terrestrial metaphor for the Milky Way Path of Souls used by the deceased to cross to the Land of the Dead. Rattlesnake Mound at the end of the Causeway is suggested as a portal to the Path of Souls. According to ethnohistoric accounts, the Land of the Dead was guarded by a Great Serpent – suggested here as visible in the night sky as either the constellation Serpens or that of Scorpius.
Effect of addition of Tunisian Zizyphus lotus L. Fruits on nutritional and sensory qualities of cookies
Authors: Zarroug Youkabed , Sriti Jazia , Sfayhi Dorra , Slimi Bechir , Allouch Wafa , Zayani Kamel , Hammami Khaoula , Sowalhia Maryam , Kharrat Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Zizyphus lotus, which belongs to Rhamnaceae family, has been widely used to formulate many healthy food products. The aim of this work was to formulate new functional cookies enriched with different amounts of Zizyphus lotus powder (ZLP; 15%, 30%, 45% and 100%). The chemical properties of ZLP were also determined. The formulated cookies were evaluated for their physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics. Results revealed that ZLP contained various bioactive components, fatty acids, and antioxidants. ZLP-added cookies demonstrated higher phytochemical and antioxidant activities than control cookies prepared without ZLP. The activity of ZLP cookies was enhanced with increase of ZLP level. Hardness and fracturability (brittleness) of cookies increased with increasing amount of ZLP. Results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis also revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds in formulated cookies. All cookie samples were generally accepted, but the panelists indicated a higher preference for cookies containing 15% ZLP.
Med-index: a food product labeling system to promote adherence to the mediterranean diet encouraging producers to make healthier and more sustainable food products
Authors: Clodoveo Maria Lisa , Tarsitano Elvira , Sabbà Carlo , Gesualdo Loreto , Corbo Filomena
Published: December 2021

Consumers are increasingly demanding transparency in food labeling as they want more and better information about what they are eating and where their food comes from. Several food indexes have been developed in the last decades to promote healthy eating with the aim of reducing certain diseases such as obesity, cancer, and diabetes. The Mediterranean diet is known to be one of the healthiest dietary patterns, and it is associated with a lower incidence of mortality from all-causes, and it is also related to a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases; however, a comprehensive index that quantifies the Mediteraneaness of foods is still missing. The real European challenge is to identify a uniform labeling system for the whole of Europe which promotes a healthy lifestyle. This article describes the development of the Mediterranean Index (MI), which aims to accurately measure the degree of food Mediterraneaness. The MI simultaneously integrates nutritional and sustainability characteristics of foods. The MI may provide an objective basis for the use of the “Mediterraneaness” label on food products, which can ultimately promote adherence to the Mediterranean diet encouraging producers to make healthier and more sustainable food products. Growing consumer concern toward health foods for better health can be a factor useful to promote the applicability of the precision nutrition principles by means of conscious choice.
Pronóstico de la tendencia de COVID-19 para 2021 en el noroeste de Argentina
Authors: Mendoza Eduardo Agustín , Bruzzone Octavio , Juri María Julia Dantur
Published: December 2021

RESUMEN Usando un modelo de regresión polinomial con retraso, que empleó datos de COVID-19 de 2020 con ausencia de vacunas, se realizó la predicción de COVID-19 en un escenario con administración de vacunas para Tucumán en 2021. La modelación incluyó la identificación de un punto de quiebre de contagios entre ambas series con la mejor correlación. Previamente, se indicó por medio de correlación cruzada el lag que sirvió para obtener el menor error entre los valores esperados y los observados. La validación del modelo fue realizada con datos reales. En 21 días fueron predichos 18.640 casos de COVID-19 de 20.400 casos informados. El pico máximo de COVID-19 fue estimado 21 días antes con la intensidad esperada.
Inovação no ensino: uma revisão sistemática das metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Marques Humberto Rodrigues , Campos Alyce Cardoso , Andrade Daniela Meirelles , Zambalde André Luiz
Published: December 2021

O aprendizado ativo constitui como um novo paradigma na educação de qualidade, colaborativa, envolvente e motivadora, corroborando no ensino-aprendizagem, dado que a educação não pode mais ser considerada uma prática simples. Diante dessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar como as metodologias ativas estão sendo aplicadas nas instituições de ensino atuais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre o conceito de métodos de ensino ativo nos últimos 10 anos. As descobertas oferecem recomendações teóricas, dado que proporciona um panorama acerca do tema, e práticas, uma vez que apresenta um primeiro caminho para os profissionais utilizarem esses métodos, como características, metodologias ativas existentes, disciplinas aplicáveis, entre outros.
THE EVOLUTION OF ARABIC LOANWORDS IN THE LANGUAGES OF EAST AND WEST AFRICA
Authors:   Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gromova Nelli V. , Suetina Yulia G. ,   Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Fattakhova Aida R. ,   Institute of International Relations, Kazan Federal University
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the evolution of words borrowed from the Arabic language in two major African languages – Swahili and Hausa, from the mid-20th century to the present day. We used S. Baldi’s dictionary A First Ethnolinguistic Comparison of Arabic Loanwords Common to Hausa and Swahili as a basis for comparative analysis. The analysis allowed us to identify the peculiarities of the functioning of Arabic loanwords in the Swahili and Hausa languages at the contemporary stage of their development. These are code-switching at the phonological level, lexical and semantic variations of linguistic borrowings introduction (semantic broadening or narrowing, acquisition of a new meaning different from the original one), grammar transformation (change of the part of speech, derivational activity). When adapting Arabic loanwords, the Swahili and Hausa languages adhere to certain strategies, which are generally common to both languages. The paper is mainly focused on the study of the lexical and semantic relations between the prototype and the correlative borrowing in the modern Swahili and Hausa languages, the identification of changes in the original semantic structure of a word in the recipient language or its conservation with the motivational feature being preserved. There are distinguished thematic groups of Arabic loanwords, with words related to religion and trade constituting the largest groups in number. Many Arabic loanwords have disappeared from active use in the past 70 years, especially in the Hausa language that has a lesser period of contacts with the Arabic language.
THE NAMES OF DEPOSITS AND MINES IN PERM KRAI: HISTORY, REGIONAL SPECIFICS
Authors:   Perm State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University, Zapolskih Evgeniya V. , Podyukov Ivan A. ,   Perm State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University
Published: December 2021

The article deals with industrial toponymy of the Perm region – the historical and modern names of deposits and mines of natural resources (coal, iron, copper, oil). This group of toponyms of the anthropogenic landscape is described thematically, studied in terms of its origin, and characterized as a carrier of historical and cultural information about the region’s economic development. In the description provided, the names are grouped according to the object of nomination – the older names of the deposits of coal, copper and iron and the relatively recent names of the gas and oil fields. Within these groups, we study historical and recent names, which are grouped according to the geography of distribution, trace their origin, associated with the development of the mining industry of the region. We have established that the dominant role in the formation of the names of the deposits belongs to metonymy, with the help of which the correspondence between the objects of space is indicated by means of association by contiguity. The paper describes the groups of toponyms that perform identificatory, localizing, and memorial functions (with the last one being aimed at commemorating significant events, discoverers and outstanding people). The function most important for industrial toponymy is the nominative functions itself. In a number of cases, the studied names are considered to be a reflection of mental ideas about the division of geological space by a person. It is concluded that that the names of the deposits reflect the main stages of the region’s economic development and are of certain interest for the study of the historical, cultural and linguistic specifics of the region. In order to obtain cultural information on these names, it is important to take into account their close relationship with hydronyms, oikonyms, as well as with anthroponymic names (names, surnames, nicknames).
METACOMMUNICATIVE PRAGMATIC MARKERS: GENDER ASPECT
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Popova Tatiana I.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the use of metacommunicative pragmatic markers in the gender aspect, taking into account the social roles of the speaker. The research is carried out based on the data of the ORD corpus of Russian Everyday Speech, known as ‘One Speaker’s Day’, which contains transcripts of audio recordings obtained under natural conditions. The subsample includes about 200 thousand words. It features episodes of ‘speaker’s days’ of 15 women and 15 men belonging to three age groups. The informants act in various social roles, opposed by the principle of symmetry/asymmetry. Pragmatic annotation of the material and further discursive analysis have demonstrated that metacommunication is actively used in the speech of the informants, but it is much more common for the women’s speech. The men use markers of this type with specific speech tasks, for example, for a refusal (slushay / u menya net deneg ); in the women’s speech, the variability of metacommunicative markers is wider but there is no functional diversity. This confirms the observations of linguists, obtained from the material of various languages, that women tend to cooperate and maintain dialogue to a greater extent than men. From the perspective of feminist linguistics, this feature of female speech is directly related to the issues of the women’s dependent position since it reflects their passivity and the habit of yielding. However, more than half of the detected uses belong to the speech of women of the older age group (from 55 years old) who communicate with relatives and friends, while in the younger age group the metacommunicative pragmatic markers become multifunctional and also act in speech as a start marker.
THE CONCEPT ‘TEA’ IN THE POEM ‘DEAD SOULS’ BY NIKOLAI GOGOL
Authors:   Perm State University, Burdin Ivan V.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the concept of ‘tea’ in the poem by Nikolai Gogol Dead Souls. The main representations of this concept in the poem are identified, its influence on the plot and the composition is determined, conclusions about the symbolic meaning of tea in Dead Souls are provided. Representations of the concept of ‘tea’ in the text of the poem are compared with the representations of the studied concept in other works by Gogol such as The Government Inspector, Nevsky Prospekt, The Portrait, The Nose, The Overcoat and others, which made it possible to draw a conclusion about the special role of tea in Dead Souls. The actualization of the studied concept in the text is compared with the literary and historical context, it is shown what Gogol’s innovativeness lies in, the features of the Gogol literary tea drinking are identified. In Dead Souls, the author pays special attention to treats, with the role of tea still being more significant than the role of other treats. Tea emphasizes the contrasts in the text, allows the author to make the grotesque brighter, illustrates the motive of the road, and serves as a vivid household detail. Key representations of the concept of ‘tea’ in the poem are: ‘an element of hospitality’, ‘an attribute of friendship’, ‘tea as a commodity’, ‘tea as an element of luxury’, ‘tea as part of alcohol culture’. Tea is inextricably connected with the key symbolic leitmotive of the work – the motive of the road. The representation of ‘tea as an attribute of travel’ brings the Gogol’s poem closer to other texts of Russian literature where tea is part of the semantic field ‘road’, and the path itself is endowed with a symbolic meaning.
THE IMAGE OF A MINER IN VERSES OF SOLIKAMSK POETS – POTASH WORKERS
Authors:   HSE University, Panteleeva Liliya M.
Published: December 2021

A thematic comparison of Solikamsk miners’ lyrics with poems written by Kemerovo poets of the same period has revealed some conceptually significant discrepancies in the image of the hero. The Ural (Solikamsk) poems differ from the Siberian (Kemerovo) ones in their solemn mood, and they do not allow vocabulary that would degrade, discredit the image, make it appear ordinary. The Solikamsk poems do not raise the topics of death, accidents, low wages, workers being misappreciated by the country, as well as labor rituals contrary to public morality. These features encourage the idea that the poems under study reflect the subprofessional and local identity of their authors.
Competence in the field of mental health: essence, structure, ways to increase
Authors:   Perm State University, Gordeeva Svetlana S.
Published: December 2021

The paper argues for the importance of sociological analysis of the factors that determine the level of mental health such as public awareness of mental health, access to qualified help in case of mental deterioration and attitudes towards people with mental disorders. The expediency of using the term «competence in the field of mental health» in assessing the social conditionality of a mental state is shown. A three-component structure of mental health competence, being contradictory in its orientation and content, is defined. Based on the analysis of sociological research results, the study reveals the features of cognitive, affective and behavioral components of the competence as being manifested in individuals with different health status. There are identified and described stereotypes of public consciousness that significantly increase the level of social distance between mentally healthy people and people with mental disorders (for example, «depression is a manifestation of character», «a mentally ill person is unpredictable and dangerous», «consulting psychiatrists is a last resort»). The author notes the interrelation and interdependence of stigmatization and self-stigmatization, as well as the impossibility of solving the problem of communication solely by forming an adequate attitude towards people with mental disabilities in the social environment. The author suggests using a generalized characteristic of certain social groups whose educational training and activity can increase the level of the population’s competence in the field of mental health. These social groups, in particular, include medical workers, students of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. The paper provides practical recommendations for solving problems of mental health competence intended for specialists in medicine, education, psychology and sociology.
THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE. STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATING YOUNG SCIENTISTS FROM THE REGIONS INTO SCIENTIFIC CAREERS AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE VUCA WORLD
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Rassolova Elena N. , Galkin Konstantin A. ,   Sociological Institute of RAS, Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The article examines the key characteristics of young scientists’ integration into scientific communities in the context of the new prospects offered by the VUCA world. We see the VUCA world as a time of opportunities and a favorable period for young scientists to take initiatives, and also a world of total uncertainty, where impetuosity and uncertainty, as well as the constant search for and change of various strategies, become a key to successful career building and advancement. The empirical base of the analysis consists of 30 biographical interviews with young scientists from a city of regional significance, a young science city, a large city and a city of federal significance. The article puts forward a hypothesis about the importance of horizontal integration of young scientists into scientific communities in young cities and innovative cities, as well as in a large city and in a city of federal significance. The paper also discusses the role of the city as an actor that forms scientific communities and strategies for interaction and integration of young scientists with scientific communities. Special attention is paid to the meanings of scientific careers and the individual role of scientific communities in the careers of young scientists and also to the strategies for integrating young scientists into scientific careers. The authors consider changes in the configurations of strategies for both building a scientific career and integration into scientific communities at the local, national and global levels as new opportunities that arise for scientists in the VUCA world. The main conclusion of the article is that the integration and career building strategies in science are influenced by both the city and the orientation of the city, the local scientific community, which may differ depending on particular scientific disciplines. A successful strategy that allows one to use the potential and resources of the VUCA world to the maximum extent possible is the horizontal integration of young scientists.
CRITICAL POTENTIAL OF FEMINIST EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors:   Nizhny Tagil Technological Institute (branch) of Ural Federal University, Ignatova Nina Yu.
Published: December 2021

The article explores the arguments in favor of feminist epistemology used in the works of L. Code, S. Harding, D. Haraway, J. Lloyd and other gender (radical) feminists. The sources of feminist epistemology are the naturalized epistemology and the thesis of underdetermination by W. Quine, the views of W. Sellars, Marxism, the strong program of sociology of knowledge, logical positivism. The features of feminist epistemology include many signature schemes, the tendency to use different schemes from suitable disciplines, rethinking of the concepts «knowledge» and «knower» for previously excluded or non-included groups of women, people with disabilities, representatives of different races, sexual minorities. Another feature is that «Feminine» experience and voice, viewed from an essentialist or non-essentialist approach, are considered the grounds for the position of «knower». The article examines the critical remarks made by feminists against the assumptions of traditional epistemology: universal human nature, «a view from nowhere», pureimpersonal reason, the assumption of «Robinsonade». Attention to subjectivity, values and selfish interests in the production of knowledge should be considered a merit of feminist epistemology. However, L. Laudan has already shown that no one, including representatives of feminist epistemology, have demonstrated the plausibility, let alone the veracity of judgements that justify any number of possible interpretations of the knowledge gained. The paper shows that feminist epistemology cannot avoid the well-known vicissitudes of epistemological relativism. However, feminist epistemology deserves the attention of philosophers because it is part of a broader relativist turn in social sciences and the humanities that seeks to extend its criticism to scientific knowledge.
A NEW UNCONSCIOUS PARADIGM AT THE HEART OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
Authors:   Saint Petersburg branch of the Russian Philosophical Society, Godarev-Lozovsky Maxim G.
Published: December 2021

It is already the case that philosophical foundations of mathematics and physics, need a serious critical analysis and revision of a number of generally accepted assumptions. In the future, this work may lead to a shift in the paradigm related to mathematics and physics. The article deals with the problem of the ideas of actual and potential infinity being not distinguished in the «fragmented thinking» of many mathematicians. We consider it necessary to differentiate between the concept of «representation of a number by an infinite decimal fraction» and the concept of «writing a numeral». A real number can be written in different ways, but every number must be uniquely represented using an infinite decimal fraction. First of all, we overcome the ambiguity of the representation of number 1 by assuming a potentially infinite set of signs of a periodic fraction and an actually infinite set of signs of a non-periodic fraction. This leads to the following harmonious scientific and philosophical system required by broad-minded scientists. 1. Every real number, including 0, (9) is represented by a single point of a continuous number line. 2. Every irrational number in decimal representation, unlike a rational number, does not have the last digit. 3. Real space, as well as past and future time are not mathematically equal and are referents of potentially and actually infinite, countable and uncountable sets. 4. The motion of a quantum micro-object, as a fundamental particle, is mathematically imaginary because a quantum particle has a countable set of points in time that is insufficient to move temporally and an uncountable set of points in space that is excessive for moving along the trajectory. Therefore, the motion of a quantum particle can be described as the path of a point in the plane of a complex variable.
ON THE DILEMMA OF BEING
Authors:   Perm State Institute of Culture, Lobanov Sergey D.
Published: December 2021

Тhe article explores the question of being. Its relevance is revealed through ontological obligations. This question belongs to the domain of the transcendent, the subject of metaphysics. Being is considered through the concepts «order of being», «predicates of being» and «dignity of being». The paper introduces the concepts of inreality and connected being and gives the argument of the «third being». The concepts of real and ideal, some types of proofs of existence are discussed. The dilemma of being is formulated, which is formed by the recognition that being exists upon condition that being is an action and acts directly, on the one hand, and, on the other, by the recognition that being acts through some phenomenon, therefore it is identified with some object and is considered objective, mediated being. In other words, it is a statement about the existence of being in itself and being distributed in a certain order, the order of being, namely: the existence of things, being, essence, man, etc. The aspects of the dilemma of being are created by the differentiation between being and becoming, being and living, being and thinking. These ontological distinctions lead to such resolution of the dilemma of being when being is recognized as: 1) the measure of things that they «matter (are the essence)» and that they «are not the essence», i.e, become; 2) the measure of things that make sense and those that do not, and 3) the measure of things imaginable and unimaginable. As a result, the paper offers the following definition of being: being is immediacy as such (non-objective being) which combines the immediacy of things, actions, phenomena, processes, sensations, etc. (objective being).