bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerámica del horizonte medio de la costa norcentral y su similitud estilística con la iconografía del ídolo de Pachacamac
Authors: Dolorier Torres Camilo
Published: November 2024

Comparamos los elementos iconográficos, personajes, cánones de diseño y composición plasmada en la cerámica del período Horizonte Medio, procedente de los valles de Casma-Pativilca-Huaura en la costa norcentral del Perú, con los diseños del cuerpo central del Ídolo de Pachacamac. Se puede observar que existe semejanza estilística entre ambos. La composición iconográfica del Ídolo de Pachacamac se presenta en secuencia narrativa. Describe un proceso ritual destinado a la generación de subsistencias. Este contexto iconográfico complejo permite ordenar los elementos que se encuentran aislados en la cerámica de Casma. Esta secuencia narrativa se organiza en tres actos o escenas: presentación de ofrendas, sacrificio de animales y oráculo. Por medio de la iconografía se desarrolla el tema de la provisión de subsistencias, por la Deidad Generadora u Oráculo del Maíz. Los personajes identificados pueden ser relacionados con los íconos representativos del culto wari.
Paleopatología de Loma Mostazal, valle de Ilo, Moquegua, durante los periodos Arcaico Medio (6000-3000 a.C.) y Arcaico Tardío (3000-1800 a.C.)
Authors: Altamirano Enciso Alfredo
Published: November 2024

El Proyecto Rescate Arqueológico Lomas de Ilo, excavado entre 2019-2021, ha registrado 56 sitios arqueológicos, recuperándose un promedio de 800 entierros humanos o individuos (100%) que constituye la población bajo estudio. Para este análisis paleopatológico se ha seleccionado una pequeña muestra de 25 contextos funerarios que corresponde al 0.39% de la muestra total (800 individuos=100%), distribuidos de la siguiente manera: 12 contextos provienen del sitio Cerro Redondo 18; 5 contextos de Loma Mostazal 38; y 8 contextos de Corte Blanco 61. Se han identificado un caso de bruxismo, otro de hiperostosis porótica, dos de escafocefalia por contaminación de arsénico y uno de traumatismo interpersonal. Los cuales revelan que los recolectores, pescadores y cazadores de Moquegua en los periodos arcaicos ya sufrían de su intensa alimentación marina, casamientos endogámicos y prácticas de violencia interpersonal.
Idealizando a los “otros” después de la muerte: los condenados en la idiosincrasia popular de Pomacanchi (Cusco)
Authors: Gutierrez Baez Rosa Luz
Published: November 2024

Los condenados son personajes sobrenaturales del mundo de los muertos que deambulan por el mundo de los vivos buscando salvar sus almas de las acciones o hechos trágicos del pasado que no le permite alcanzar paz. Estos seres aparecen por las noches y pueden tomar diferentes formas para poder comunicarse o enviar mensajes, pero la presencia o el contacto con las personas de este mundo puede causar daños como el susto y en ocasiones hasta la muerte. En este artículo se hace un análisis de casos del distrito de Pomacanchi en la provincia de Acomayo, región del Cusco, donde la población realiza acciones para contrarrestar estos hechos y una vez cumplido su condena el alma en pena alcance su eterno descanso.
Iglesia Kaka: arqueología de una chullpa monumental en el pueblo de Marca, Recuay
Authors: Dalen Luna Pieter D. van
Published: November 2024

En la presente nota queremos presentar las características de un sitio arqueológico peculiar por sus características, pero a la vez desconocido por la ciencia arqueológica. Iglesia Kaka se ubica cerca al pueblo de Marca en la provincia de Recuay, departamento de Ancash.
Está conformado por dos chullpas de la cultura Recuay que presentan decoración muraria, pintado de color rojo y nichos con motivos escalonados invertidos. Las chullpas presentan dos niveles o pisos y está edificado con piedras trabajadas y revestidas con barro. Es una de las primeras evidencias reportadas en esta sección de la cuenca alta del río Fortaleza de edificaciones del Horizonte Medio.
Some analytical observations of Bolivian rock art
Authors: Bednarik Robert
Published: November 2024

A Bolivian project commenced in 1987 and has so far resulted in estimates of antiquity of petroglyphs at six sites in various parts of the country. At fi ve of these sites, microerosion was used to acquire data, and in three instances the work was set up as «blind test»: local archaeologists has some indication of what the age of the rock art might be, and this was announced to the analyst only after his results were given. In all three cases, the microerosion results coincided with archaeological estimates. At three of the sites, the microerosion data could not be obtained from the petroglyphs, because conditions were unsuitable, therefore petroglyph-making tools were collected and analysed instead. Consequently, in these cases the age estimates cannot be attributed to specifi c motifs. This is a new rock art dating approach not used before.
Algunas observaciones analíticas sobre el arte rupestre boliviano
Authors: Bednarik Robert
Published: November 2024

Un proyecto Boliviano que comenzó en 1987 y que hasta el momento ha resultado en estimados sobre la antigüedad de seis sitios con petroglifos en varias partes del país. En cinco de esos sitios la microerosión fue usada para obtener información, y en tres circunstancias el trabajo fue dispuesto como un «test ciego»: los arqueólogos locales tenían alguna indicación sobre cuál podría ser la edad del arte rupestre, y esta edad fue anunciada al analista sólo después que sus resultados fueron dados. En los tres casos los resultados de la microerosión coincidieron con los estimados arqueológicos. En los otros tres sitios el dato de la microerosión no pudo ser obtenido de los petroglifos debido a que las condiciones fueron inapropiadas, por lo que las herramientas para producir los petroglifos fueron colectadas para su análisis; consecuentemente, en esos casos los estimados temporales no pueden ser atribuidos a motivos rupestres específi cos. Esta es una nueva aproximación para datar el arte rupestre no usada antes.
Barcelona y las imágenes: la ciudad no narrada
Authors: Gozalo Salellas Ignasi
Published: November 2024

El estreno de una película honesta y llena de vigor como El 47 (Marcel Barrena, 2024), producida por Mediapro Studios, ha disparado muchas discusiones sobre la lengua y la inmigración en Cataluña, pero no tantos debates sobre las luchas vecinales que se sucedieron durante años en diferentes barrios de Barcelona, cómo es el caso de Torré Baró en el caso del film. Un autobús y un trayecto inimaginable hasta la cima de un cerro se convierten en el McGuffin para coser emocionalmente el vínculo roto entre ciudad y periferias.
On some problems of the implementation of the constitutional right to higher education in Russia
Authors: Slanov Oleg Taimurazovich , Dzodzikov Zelim Uruzmagovich , Hugaeva Rimma Grafovna , Bekoeva Tat'yana Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2024

The subject of this article is the nature, meaning and content of the constitutional right to higher education in the sense given by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, legislation and law enforcement practice. The study provides a meaningful analysis of part 3 of Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, reveals the intentions of the developers of the constitutional text. The article analyzes the constitutional right to education in the context of the Bologna system, gives a nuanced characterization of this right primarily through the possibility of exercising this right free of charge. The social nature of the policy of the Russian state is shown, which is manifested in an increase in the share of foreign students in Russian universities; expansion of opportunities for obtaining a second higher education for citizens with disabilities; expansion of forms of free higher education. The main research methods are: – general research methods: comparison and description; – general scientific: dialectical and dialectological methods; – private scientific: sociological and axiological methods; - special research methods: comparative legal and formal legal. The authors analyze in detail the issue of the implementation of the constitutional right to higher education in the current legislation on education, and draw attention to a number of important changes in relevant normative legal acts. It is concluded that point-by-point amendments to the legislation on education significantly expand the possibilities of access to free forms of higher education. Within the framework of the legal experiment in the Russian Federation, the search for the most rational form of higher education organization continues. The article focuses on the problems of the Bologna education system and analyzes it. It is stated that the discussion on the internal organization of higher education has not yet been completed and the Russian state has yet to find legal forms for rationalizing the activities of higher education institutions. Using an empirical research method, the authors provide comments on current legislation and an analysis of judicial practice, which represent a certain scientific novelty and arouse interest in the systematic positions of the authors presented in the work in relation to the issue under study.
Wang Chao's "Journey": towards the problem of the "Ecological" trend in the contemporary choral work of Chinese composers
Authors: ZHOU ZHOU
Published: November 2024

The subject of this study is the "ecological direction" as one of the most relevant in modern choral music by Chinese composers. The object of the study is to consider the stylistic features of the work "Journey" by Wang Chao. The purpose of this article is to study current trends in the development of choral creativity of Chinese composers. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the "ecological" trend in the music of Chinese composers and the stylistic features of Wang Chao's choral writing. Special attention is paid to the a cappella choir as the most natural "ecological" instrument. The author states that the stylist Wang Chao is distinguished by philosophical and aesthetic depth, semantic concentration. The appeal to all means of artistic expression in Wang Chao's a cappella choral compositions is characterized by an individual approach to solving the ideas of "ecological" music. The methodology consists in the synthesis of research methods, including philosophy, aesthetics and musicology. The parameters of the musical composition were revealed: the analyzed genre specifics and features of choral writing. Special attention is paid to the analysis of sonorous compositional technique and elements of scenography. The research experience is aimed at establishing the interrelationships between musical environmental aesthetics and the development of modern Chinese choral art. The main conclusion of the research is the paradigm of a deep stylistic synthesis of secular and spiritual, national and pan-European in the choral music of modern Chinese composers. In particular, this position has become a determining factor in Wang Chao's musical thinking. The author's special contribution to the topic is the study of the composition "Journey" (途) for mixed a cappella choir, which has not previously been the object of special research. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the "ecological" trend in Wang Chao's work is analyzed from the standpoint of philosophy, aesthetics, musicology and choral studies. Attention is focused on the need to study the "ecological" trend in the choral art of Chinese composers, associated with a new turn to the understanding of the role of sound in the universe and in regulating the relationship between man and the environment through sound and music, characteristic of ancient thinkers. In this regard, it is the sound of human voices in the a cappella choir that is becoming a landmark phenomenon.
Theoretical and applied aspects of the development of tax planning at enterprises in modern conditions
Authors: Orobinskaia Irina Viktorovna
Published: November 2024

The subject of the study is a set of financial relations arising in the process of taxation of economic entities operating in modern conditions. The object of the study is the taxation process, as well as a set of tax planning methods for the activities of business entities. The practical application of the tax planning process in modern conditions should be considered in the aspect of the development of the state, both at the level of its social and economic potential. This paradigm indicates that the interests of the state contribute to the improvement of business development concepts and fully satisfy the interests of both parties. The entire tax planning system is aimed at one ultimate goal – increasing the profit of an economic entity. In this regard, its effectiveness can be assessed only by the degree of influence of the methods used on the financial results of the organization's activities. The substantiation of the theoretical propositions obtained in the course of the study is provided by the use of methods: structural-logical, system-functional and comparative analysis. In solving specific tasks, methods of analysis, indexing, grouping, sampling, comparison and generalization, the index method and other methods of scientific research were used. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of the idea of the need to ensure the coordinated application of the taxation and tax planning process, as well as the choice of the optimal form of tax planning due to the main groups of factors. Such as: entrepreneurial factors, economic policy of the state, factors related to the planning process. Along with this, the applied nature of the study revealed that in most cases, the duties in the field of tax planning are not fixed in the job descriptions of business entities. A list of measures to eliminate these shortcomings is proposed, namely: to form a tax planning system in accordance with the organizational structure of the enterprise; to develop a forecast three-year tax budget; to combine the tax budget and the schedule of tax payments; to apply methods of tax optimization of VAT and corporate income tax.
Analysis of educational work at the Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Osintseva Lyudmila Mikhailovna
Published: November 2024

The dynamics of innovative processes taking place in modern society, changes in indicators in the list of state accreditation of universities, where a new indicator has been added – "Educational activity of an educational institution", indicates the importance of the educational component in the training of cadets and the extreme relevance of the research topic. Based on the above, the subject of the study will be the educational work carried out at the Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (BUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), as well as the conditions and factors affecting it. Our research involves evaluation of the state of educational work carried out in the BUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in order to study, evaluate, predict, develop positive and prevent negative processes. The analysis of educational work in a narrow sense is limited to the goals of studying and evaluating the educational process. In order to verify the effectiveness of educational work in the BYU of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, a methodology was chosen in the form of a questionnaire and a survey. The article presents the results of a study aimed at showing the effectiveness of educational work at the Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The concepts of "education", "educational work", "educational system" are disclosed, the main goals of educational work at the Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the tasks of education, as well as the main duties of the curator of the study group are considered. Approaches and criteria for an effective assessment of educational work in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are proposed based on the results, which were summarized and systematized the data obtained. The effectiveness of educational work cannot always be assessed immediately after the survey. Many results manifest themselves in the long term, so it is also important to consider the dynamics of changes in students' behavior, relationships, and communication skills over time. When evaluating the effectiveness of educational work in the BYU of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the following criteria were used: attitude to study; prospects for their studies (service); psychological state; physical well-being; interpersonal skills; participation in events held at the institute; change in motivation to study over the past year.
Host-derived Lactobacillus plantarum alleviates hyperuricemia by improving gut microbial community and hydrolase-mediated degradation of purine nucleosides
Authors: Fu Yang , Luo Xiao-Dan , Li Jin-Ze , Mo Qian-Yuan , Wang Xue , Zhao Yue , Zhang You-Ming , Luo Hao-Tong , Xia Dai-Yang , Ma Wei-Qing , Chen Jian-Ying , Wang Li-Hau , Deng Qiu-Yi , Ben Lukuyu , Kashif Saleemi Muhammad , Jiang Xian-Zhi , Chen Juan , Miao Kai , Lin Zhen-Ping , Zhang Peng , Ye Hui , Cao Qing-Yun , Zhu Yong-Wen , Yang Lin , Tu Qiang , Wang Wence
Published: November 2024

The gut microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout. However, it remains unclear whether probiotics residing in the host gut, such as Lactobacillus, can prevent HUA development. Herein, we isolated Lactobacillus plantarum SQ001 from the cecum of HUA geese and conducted in vitro assays on uric acid (UA) and nucleoside co-culture. Metabolomics and genome-wide analyses, revealed that this strain may promote nucleoside uptake and hydrolysis through its nucleoside hydrolase gene. The functional role of iunH gene was confirmed via heterologous expression and gene knockout studies. Oral administration of L. plantarum SQ001 resulted in increased abundance of Lactobacillus species and reduced serum UA levels. Furthermore, it downregulated hepatic xanthine oxidase, a key enzyme involved in UA synthesis, as well as renal reabsorption protein GLUT9, while enhancing the expression of renal excretion protein ABCG2. Our findings suggest that L. plantarum has potential to ameliorate gut microbial dysbiosis with HUA, thereby offering insights into its potential application as a probiotic therapy for individuals with HUA or gout.
Acute Activation of Genes Through Transcriptional Condensates Impact Non-target Genes in a Chromatin Domain
Authors: Bohra Darshika , Islam Zubairul , Nidharshan Sundarraj , Mazumder Aprotim , Notani Dimple
Published: November 2024

Transcription activation of genes by estrogens is driven by enhancers, which are often located within the same Topologically Associating Domain (TAD) as non-targeted promoters. We investigated how acute enhancer-driven activation affects neighbouring non-target genes within the same TAD. Using single-molecule RNA FISH (smFISH), we tracked the transcription of
TFF1
(enhancer-targeted) and
TFF3
(non-targeted) during estrogen stimulation. We observed mutually exclusive expression patterns:
TFF1
expression peaked at 1 hour, while
TFF3
reached its peak at 3 hours, after
TFF1
’s activation had diminished. Chromatin looping data indicated that the enhancer loops with
TFF1
but not
TFF3
, suggesting that
TFF3
upregulation is not due to direct enhancer-promoter interactions. CRISPR deletion of the
TFF1
enhancer and 1,6-hexanediol (HD) exposure revealed that the
TFF1
enhancer:promoter undergo Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS), which sequesters the transcriptional machinery and inhibits
TFF3
expression. As estrogen signalling wanes or LLPS is disrupted,
TFF1
expression declines while
TFF3
expression increases. Our findings reveal that enhancer-driven activation can indirectly influence neighbouring genes, highlighting a dynamic shift in gene expression as signalling progresses.
The Rab7-Epg5 and Rab39-ema modules cooperately position autophagosomes for efficient lysosomal fusions
Authors: Boda Attila , Balázs Villő , Nagy Anikó , Hargitai Dávid , Lippai Mónika , Simon-Vecsei Zsófia , Molnár Márton , Fürstenhoffer Fanni , Juhász Gábor , Lőrincz Péter
Published: November 2024

Macroautophagy, a major self-degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells, utilizes autophagosomes to transport self-material to lysosomes for degradation. While microtubular transport is crucial for the proper function of autophagy, the exact roles of factors responsible for positioning autophagosomes remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a loss-of-function genetic screen targeting genes potentially involved in microtubular motility. A genetic background that blocks autophagosome-lysosome fusions was used to accurately analyze autophagosome positioning. We discovered that pre-fusion autophagosomes move towards the non-centrosomal microtubule organizing center (ncMTOC) in
Drosophila
fat cells, which requires a dynein-dynactin complex. This process is regulated by the small GTPases Rab7 and Rab39 together with their adaptors: Epg5 and ema, respectively. The dynein-dependent movement of vesicles toward the nucleus/ncMTOC is essential for efficient autophagosomal fusions with lysosomes and subsequent degradation. Remarkably, altering the balance of kinesin and dynein motors changes the direction of autophagosome movement, indicating a competitive relationship where normally dynein-mediated transport prevails. Since pre-fusion lysosomes were positioned similarly to autophagosomes, it indicates that pre-fusion autophagosomes and lysosomes converge at the ncMTOC, which increases the efficiency of vesicle fusions.
eIF3 engages with 3’-UTR termini of highly translated mRNAs
Authors: Mestre-Fos Santi , Ferguson Lucas , Trinidad Marena I , Ingolia Nicholas T , Cate Jamie HD
Published: November 2024

Stem cell differentiation involves a global increase in protein synthesis to meet the demands of specialized cell types. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this translational burst and the involvement of initiation factors remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the role of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) in early differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Using Quick-irCLIP and alternative polyadenylation (APA) Seq, we show eIF3 crosslinks predominantly with 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) termini of multiple mRNA isoforms, adjacent to the poly(A) tail. Furthermore, we find that eIF3 engagement at 3’-UTR ends is dependent on polyadenylation. High eIF3 crosslinking at 3’-UTR termini of mRNAs correlates with high translational activity, as determined by ribosome profiling, but not with translational efficiency. The results presented here show that eIF3 engages with 3’-UTR termini of highly translated mRNAs, likely reflecting a general rather than specific regulatory function of eIF3, and supporting a role of mRNA circularization in the mechanisms governing mRNA translation.
Glucokinase activity controls peripherally located subpopulations of β-cells that lead islet Ca2+ oscillations
Authors: Jin Erli , Briggs Jennifer K , Benninger Richard KP , Merrins Matthew J
Published: November 2024

Oscillations in insulin secretion, driven by islet Ca2+ waves, are crucial for glycemic control. Prior studies, performed with single-plane imaging, suggest that subpopulations of electrically coupled β-cells have privileged roles in leading and coordinating the propagation of Ca2+ waves. Here, we used three-dimensional (3D) light-sheet imaging to analyze the location and Ca2+ activity of single β-cells within the entire islet at >2 Hz. In contrast with single-plane studies, 3D network analysis indicates that the most highly synchronized β-cells are located at the islet center, and remain regionally but not cellularly stable between oscillations. This subpopulation, which includes ‘hub cells’, is insensitive to changes in fuel metabolism induced by glucokinase and pyruvate kinase activation. β-Cells that initiate the Ca2+ wave (leaders) are located at the islet periphery, and strikingly, change their identity over time via rotations in the wave axis. Glucokinase activation, which increased oscillation period, reinforced leader cells and stabilized the wave axis. Pyruvate kinase activation, despite increasing oscillation frequency, had no effect on leader cells, indicating the wave origin is patterned by fuel input. These findings emphasize the stochastic nature of the β-cell subpopulations that control Ca2+ oscillations and identify a role for glucokinase in spatially patterning ‘leader’ β-cells.
Precise control of neural activity using dynamically optimized electrical stimulation
Authors: Shah Nishal Pradeepbhai , Phillips AJ , Madugula Sasidhar , Lotlikar Amrith , Gogliettino Alex R , Hays Madeline Rose , Grosberg Lauren , Brown Jeff , Dusi Aditya , Tandon Pulkit , Hottowy Pawel , Dabrowski Wladyslaw , Sher Alexander , Litke Alan M , Mitra Subhasish , Chichilnisky EJ
Published: November 2024

Neural implants have the potential to restore lost sensory function by electrically evoking the complex naturalistic activity patterns of neural populations. However, it can be difficult to predict and control evoked neural responses to simultaneous multi-electrode stimulation due to nonlinearity of the responses. We present a solution to this problem and demonstrate its utility in the context of a bidirectional retinal implant for restoring vision. A dynamically optimized stimulation approach encodes incoming visual stimuli into a rapid, greedily chosen, temporally dithered and spatially multiplexed sequence of simple stimulation patterns. Stimuli are selected to optimize the reconstruction of the visual stimulus from the evoked responses. Temporal dithering exploits the slow time scales of downstream neural processing, and spatial multiplexing exploits the independence of responses generated by distant electrodes. The approach was evaluated using an experimental laboratory prototype of a retinal implant: large-scale, high-resolution multi-electrode stimulation and recording of macaque and rat retinal ganglion cells ex vivo. The dynamically optimized stimulation approach substantially enhanced performance compared to existing approaches based on static mapping between visual stimulus intensity and current amplitude. The modular framework enabled parallel extensions to naturalistic viewing conditions, incorporation of perceptual similarity measures, and efficient implementation for an implantable device. A direct closed-loop test of the approach supported its potential use in vision restoration.
Dynamic readout of the Hh gradient in the Drosophila wing disc reveals pattern-specific tradeoffs between robustness and precision
Authors: Reyes Rosalío , Lander Arthur D , Nahmad Marcos
Published: November 2024

Understanding the principles underlying the design of robust, yet flexible patterning systems is a key problem in developmental biology. In the Drosophila wing, Hedgehog (Hh) signaling determines patterning outputs using dynamical properties of the Hh gradient. In particular, the pattern of collier (col) is established by the steady-state Hh gradient, whereas the pattern of decapentaplegic (dpp), is established by a transient gradient of Hh known as the Hh overshoot. Here, we use mathematical modeling to suggest that this dynamical interpretation of the Hh gradient results in specific robustness and precision properties. For instance, the location of the anterior border of col, which is subject to self-enhanced ligand degradation is more robustly specified than that of dpp to changes in morphogen dosage, and we provide experimental evidence of this prediction. However, the anterior border of dpp expression pattern, which is established by the overshoot gradient is much more precise to what would be expected by the steady-state gradient. Therefore, the dynamical interpretation of Hh signaling offers tradeoffs between robustness and precision to establish tunable patterning properties in a target-specific manner.
Autophagosome development and chloroplast segmentation occur synchronously for piecemeal degradation of chloroplasts
Authors: Izumi Masanori , Nakamura Sakuya , Otomo Kohei , Ishida Hiroyuki , Hidema Jun , Nemoto Tomomi , Hagihara Shinya
Published: November 2024

Plants distribute many nutrients to chloroplasts during leaf development and maturation. When leaves senesce or experience sugar starvation, the autophagy machinery degrades chloroplast proteins to facilitate efficient nutrient reuse. Here, we report on the intracellular dynamics of an autophagy pathway responsible for piecemeal degradation of chloroplast components. Through live-cell monitoring of chloroplast morphology, we observed the formation of chloroplast budding structures in sugar-starved leaves. These buds were then released and incorporated into the vacuolar lumen as an autophagic cargo termed a Rubisco-containing body. The budding structures did not accumulate in mutants of core autophagy machinery, suggesting that autophagosome creation is required for forming chloroplast buds. Simultaneous tracking of chloroplast morphology and autophagosome development revealed that the isolation membranes of autophagosomes interact closely with part of the chloroplast surface before forming chloroplast buds. Chloroplasts then protrude at the site associated with the isolation membranes, which divide synchronously with autophagosome maturation. This autophagy-related division does not require DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN 5B, which constitutes the division ring for chloroplast proliferation in growing leaves. An unidentified division machinery may thus fragment chloroplasts for degradation in coordination with the development of the chloroplast-associated isolation membrane.
Astrocyte aquaporin mediates a tonic water efflux maintaining brain homeostasis
Authors: Pham Cuong , Komaki Yuji , Deàs-Just Anna , Le Gac Benjamin , Mouffle Christine , Franco Clara , Chaperon Agnès , Vialou Vincent , Tsurugizawa Tomokazu , Cauli Bruno , Li Dongdong
Published: November 2024

Brain water homeostasis not only provides a physical protection, but also determines the diffusion of chemical molecules key for information processing and metabolic stability. As a major type of glia in brain parenchyma, astrocytes are the dominant cell type expressing aquaporin water channel. How astrocyte aquaporin contributes to brain water homeostasis in basal physiology remains to be understood. We report that astrocyte aquaporin 4 (AQP4) mediates a tonic water efflux in basal conditions. Acute inhibition of astrocyte AQP4 leads to intracellular water accumulation as optically resolved by fluorescence-translated imaging in acute brain slices, and in vivo by fiber photometry in mobile mice. We then show that aquaporin-mediated constant water efflux maintains astrocyte volume and osmotic equilibrium, astrocyte and neuron Ca2+ signaling, and extracellular space remodeling during optogenetically induced cortical spreading depression. Using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), we observed that in vivo inhibition of AQP4 water efflux heterogeneously disturbs brain water homeostasis in a region-dependent manner. Our data suggest that astrocyte aquaporin, though bidirectional in nature, mediates a tonic water outflow to sustain cellular and environmental equilibrium in brain parenchyma.
Mechano-regulation of GLP-1 production by Piezo1 in intestinal L cells
Authors: Huang Yanling , Mo Haocong , Yang Jie , Gao Luyang , Tao Tian , Shu Qing , Guo Wenying , Zhao Yawen , Lyu Jingya , Wang Qimeng , Guo Jinghui , Zhai Hening , Zhu Linyan , Chen Hui , Xu Geyang
Published: November 2024

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a gut-derived hormone secreted by intestinal L cells and vital for postprandial glycemic control. As open-type enteroendocrine cells, whether L cells can sense mechanical stimuli caused by chyme and thus regulate GLP-1 synthesis and secretion is unexplored. Molecular biology techniques revealed the expression of Piezo1 in intestinal L cells. Its level varied in different energy status and correlates with blood glucose and GLP-1 levels. Mice with L cell-specific loss of Piezo1 (Piezo1 IntL-CKO) exhibited impaired glucose tolerance, increased body weight, reduced GLP-1 production and decreased CaMKKβ/CaMKIV-mTORC1 signaling pathway under normal chow diet or high-fat diet. Activation of the intestinal Piezo1 by its agonist Yoda1 or intestinal bead implantation increased the synthesis and secretion of GLP-1, thus alleviated glucose intolerance in diet-induced-diabetic mice. Overexpression of Piezo1, Yoda1 treatment or stretching stimulated GLP-1 production and CaMKKβ/CaMKIV-mTORC1 signaling pathway, which could be abolished by knockdown or blockage of Piezo1 in primary cultured mouse L cells and STC-1 cells. These experimental results suggest a previously unknown regulatory mechanism for GLP-1 production in L cells, which could offer new insights into diabetes treatments.
SLC35G1 is a highly chloride-sensitive transporter responsible for the basolateral membrane transport in intestinal citrate absorption
Authors: Mimura Yoshihisa , Yasujima Tomoya , Inoue Katsuhisa , Akino Shogo , Namba Chitaka , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Sekiguchi Yutaro , Ohta Kinya , Yamashiro Takahiro , Yuasa Hiroaki
Published: November 2024

The intestinal absorption of essential nutrients, especially those not readily biosynthesized, is a critical physiological process for maintaining homeostasis. Numerous studies have indicated that intestinal absorption is mediated by various membrane transporters. Citrate, a crucial bioactive compound produced as an intermediate in the Krebs cycle, is absorbed in the small intestine through carrier-mediated systems because of its high hydrophilicity. While the luminal absorption of citrate is mediated by Na+-dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1/SLC13A2), the mechanism governing the release of the transported citrate into the bloodstream remains unknown. Here, we explored the transporters responsible for intestinal citrate absorption at the basolateral membrane, focusing on highly expressed orphan transporters in the small intestine as candidates. Consequently, SLC35G1, originally identified as a partner of stromal interaction molecule 1, a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, was found to play a role in the intestinal absorption of citrate at the basolateral membrane. Furthermore, our results revealed that SLC35G1-mediated citrate transport was diminished by chloride ions at physiologically relevant extracellular concentrations. This suggests that SLC35G1, to our best knowledge, is the first transporter identified to be extremely sensitive to chloride ions among those functioning on the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. This study provides valuable insights into the intestinal absorption of citrate and significantly contributes to elucidating the poorly understood molecular basis of the intestinal absorption system.
Work- Life Balance and Factors Impacting Work Performance Among Women in Bengaluru's IT Sector
Authors: M. Karthikkumar , Balaji E. , Hussain I. Sadham
Published: November 2024

In the current organizational environment, Information Technology (IT) is essential for strategic and operational planning. Organizations increasingly depend on the IT sector to enhance various aspects of their operations. The digital economy, driven by computerization and rapid advancements in electronic connectivity, is transforming business practices. This study aims to investigate the factors contributing to stress and their impact on the work performance of women employees in Bengaluru's IT companies. Understanding these stressors is critical as they have a direct effect on the performance of female employees. By examining elements such as workload, work-life balance, and interpersonal relationships, the research seeks to provide insights into their effects on job satisfaction and overall well-being. Recognizing the engagement and commitment of women in IT companies is vital for effectively addressing stress-related issues. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the determinants of stress and their impact on the work performance of women employees within Bengaluru's IT industry.
Synthesis and Identification of Metal Complexes of E-1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-(1-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene) hydrazine with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)
Authors: Diouf Fatou , Diakhaté Aïchétou Cheibani , Ndiaye Ndèye Fatou , Diallo Madina , Tamboura Farba Bouyagui , Dieng Moussa , Thiam Ibrahima Elhadji , Barry Aliou Hamady , Gaye Mohamed Lamine
Published: November 2024

The reactions of the Schiff base E-1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-(1-(2-methoxyphenyl) ethylidene) hydrazine (HL), with metal transition ions (Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)), afforded one type of complex formulated as [M(HL)(Solv)2Cl]+(Cl-). These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, molar conductivity and room temperature magnetic measurements. The structure of nickel (II) complex has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system space group P21/n with a = 16.1761 (8) Å, b = 8.3212 (4) Å, c = 18.6013 (9) Å, b = 105.441 (3)°, V= 2413.4 (2) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.043, and wR2 = 0.123, Dcalc = 1.429 Mgm-3, \(\mu\) = 1.14 mm-1. The ligand acts in tridentate fashion in its neutral form. Two coordinated alcohol molecules and one chlore atom complete the coordination sphere. The environment around the Ni (II) center is best described as an octahedral geometry. In the crystal structure of the Schiff base ligand, the existence of a strong intramolecular O-H•••Cl hydrogen bonding are observed.
Effect of Nutri-priming on Production and Quality on Blackgram (Vigna mungo)
Authors: Behera Pratishruti , Marwein B Selectstar , Pradhan Pratistha , Mahapatra A.K
Published: November 2024

The study “Integrated nutrient management on productivity and quality of black gram (Vigna mungo L.)” was undertaken at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture of Siksha “O”Anusandhan,n deemed to be a university, Bhubaneswar, In the rabi season of 2019-20, with the objectives to study the effect of nutrient management practices on nutrient uptake. The experimental site was located at Chatabara village, which was 45 km from the station and 28 km from the college of agriculture, Siksha “O” Anusandhan, deemed to be a university, with 28.4° N latitude and 27.12° E longitude and at an altitude of 45.0 m above mean sea level. The soil was sandy-loam in texture. The initial status of the soil was pH 5.5, and the and the available N, P, and K were 160, 12, and 181 kg/ha. The organic carbon was 0.45%. Results demonstrated that treatment T4, combining 100% RDF, FYM, and nutrient priming, significantly improved seed yield (741 kg/ha), stover yield, nutrient uptake, and soil fertility. The study concluded that integrated practices, particularly the combination of RDF and FYM, are essential for optimizing black gram growth, yield, and nutrient content while enhancing residual soil fertility. The findings underscore the benefits of organic and inorganic nutrient integration for sustainable agricultural productivity.
Impact of Spacing and Plant Growth Regulators on Flowering and Yield Attributes of Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) cv. Winter Dawn under Polyhouse Condition
Authors: Shekhawat Charu , Jain M.C. , Singh Virendra , Sharma M.K. , Meena C.B. , Tak Yamini , Gautam Deeksha , Verma Subhash
Published: November 2024

The experiment was carried out at the polyhouse of the College of Agriculture, Ummedganj Kota, Rajasthan during 2021-22 and 2022-23 to evaluate the performance of spacing and plant growth regulators on flowering and yield attributes of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) cv. Winter Dawn under polyhouse condition. The experiment was designed in a factorial randomized block design with involving eighteen treatment combinations comprising two plant spacing viz., 15 cm×30 cm & 30 cm×30 cm and three plant growth regulators viz., salicylic acid (50 ppm, 100 ppm & 150 ppm), Triacontanol (5 ppm, 10 ppm & 15 ppm) and NAA (25 ppm, 50 ppm & 75 ppm), respectively. The experiment revealed that maximum number of flowers per plant (25.08), days taken to initiation of flowering (34.69), duration of flowering (45.27 days), number of fruits per plant (24.36) and fruit set (81.52%) was recorded under treatment S2 (30 cm ×30 cm) spacing. In terms of PGRs the highest number of flowers per plant (27.11), duration of flowering (50.13 days), the shortest time (32.78 days ) to flower initiation , number of fruits per plant (22.57) and fruit set was(84.07%) obtained under the treatment treated with SA at 100 ppm whereas, the interaction effect showed that the maximum number of flowers per plant (27.89), duration of flowering (51.81days) and minimum days taken to initiation of flowering (32.00), number of fruits per plant (26.55) and fruit set (84.75%) was recorded under S2+SA100 ppm (30 cm ×30cm + Salicylic@100 ppm) treatment combination. It can be concluded that treatment combination of 30 × 30 cm +SA @ 100 ppm exhibited superior performance in terms of the number of flowers, duration of flower, days taken to initiation of flowering, number of fruits per plant and fruit set % among other treatment combinations used.
Bionomics of Earhead Bug Leptocorisa acuta Thunberg (Coreidae: Hemiptera) Infesting Rice
Authors: Bonkuri Krishna Kumar , Patel P. B. , Patil V. A. , Jarpla Mounika , Prasanna Malireddi
Published: November 2024

Biology of rice earhead bug, Leptocorisa acuta (Thunberg) carried out at Laboratory of Department of Entomology, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat on rice (Gujarat Rice-11) during kharif-2023. Eggs were dark brown with an average length and breadth of 1.28±0.05 mm and 0.85±0.06 mm, respectively. The incubation period varied from 5 to 7 days with an average of 6.07±0.78 days and the average hatching percentage was 81.22±14.93 per cent. There were five nymphal instars in the life cycle of L. acuta. The average developmental periods of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth nymphal instars were 2.80±0.41, 1.67±0.55, 1.87±0.57, 2.83±0.53 and 4.23±0.63 days, respectively. The total nymphal period was an average of 13.77±0.86 days. The total developmental period (egg + nymph) was found to be an average of 19.83±1.39 days. The average adult period was 23.50±7.69 days. The average pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods lasted for 4.87±1.50, 9.03±3.36 and 15.63±3.20 days, respectively. The average longevity for male and female adults lasted for 17.47±2.83 and 29.53±3.91 days, respectively. The female laid an average of 53.96±31.90 eggs. The total life cycle from egg to adult was an average of 42.67±7.38 days.
Supercolloidal Spinners: Complex Active Particles for Electrically Powered and Switchable Rotation
Authors: Shields Charles Wyatt , Han Koohee , Ma Fuduo , Miloh Touvia , Yossifon Gilad , Velev Orlin D.
Published: July 2018

A class of supercolloidal particles that controllably spin about their central axis in AC electric fields is reported. The rational design of these “microspinners” enables their rotation in a switchable manner, which gives rise to several interesting and programmable behaviors. It is shown that due to their complex shape and discrete metallic patches on their surfaces, these microspinners convert electrical energy into active motion via the interplay of four mechanisms at different electric field frequency ranges. These mechanisms of rotation include (in order of increasing frequency): electrohydrodynamic flows, reversed electrohydrodynamic flows, induced charge electrophoresis, and self‐dielectrophoresis. As the primary mechanism powering their motion transitions from one phenomenon to the next, these microspinners display three directional spin inversions (i.e., from clockwise to anticlockwise, or vice versa). To understand the mechanisms involved, this experimental study is coupled with scaling analyses. Due to their frequency‐switchable rotation, these microspinners have potential for applications such as interlocking gears in colloidal micromachines. Moreover, the principles used to power their switchable motion can be extended to design other types of supercolloidal particles that harvest electrical energy for motion via multiple electrokinetic mechanisms.
Hidden Structure Ordering Along Backbone of Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors Enhanced by Ternary Bulk Heterojunction
Authors: Mai Jiangquan , Xiao Yiqun , Zhou Guodong , Wang Jiayu , Zhu Jingshuai , Zhao Ni , Zhan Xiaowei , Lu Xinhui
Published: July 2018

Fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs), as a family of non‐fullerene (NF) acceptors, have achieved tremendous success in pushing the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. Here, the detailed molecular packing motifs of two extensively studied FREAs—ITIC and ITIC‐Th are reported. It is revealed for the first time the long‐range structure ordering along the backbone direction originated from favored end group π–π stacking. The backbone ordering could be significantly enhanced in the ternary film by the mutual mixing of ITIC and ITIC‐Th, which gives rise to an improved in‐plane electron mobility and better ternary device performance. The backbone ordering might be a common morphological feature of FREAs, providing explanations to previously observed small open circuit voltage loss and superior performance of FREA‐based devices and guiding the future molecular design of high‐performance NF acceptors.
Atomically Dispersed Fe‐Nx/C Electrocatalyst Boosts Oxygen Catalysis via a New Metal‐Organic Polymer Supramolecule Strategy
Authors: Miao Zhengpei , Wang Xiaoming , Tsai Meng‐Che , Jin Qianqian , Liang Jiashun , Ma Feng , Wang Tanyuan , Zheng Shijian , Hwang Bing‐Joe , Huang Yunhui , Guo Shaojun , Li Qing
Published: July 2018

The development of high‐performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts derived from non‐Pt group metals (non‐PGMs) is urgent for the wide applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, a facile and cost‐efficient supramolecular route is developed for making non‐PGM ORR catalyst with atomically dispersed Fe‐Nx/C sites through pyrolyzing the metal‐organic polymer coordinative hydrogel formed between Fe3+ and α‐L‐guluronate blocks of sodium alginate (SA). High‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) verify that Fe atoms achieve atomic‐level dispersion on the obtained SA‐Fe‐N nanosheets and a possible fourfold coordination with N atoms. The best‐performing SA‐Fe‐N catalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity with half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.812 and 0.910 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 0.1 m KOH, respectively, along with respectable durability. Such performance surpasses that of most reported non‐PGM ORR catalysts. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the relieved passivation effect of OH* on Fe‐N4/C structure leads to its superior ORR activity to Pt/C in alkaline solution. The work demonstrates a novel strategy for developing high‐performance non‐PGM ORR electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed and stable M‐Nx coordination sites in both acidic and alkaline media.
Toward successful aging: The Chinese Health Criteria for the Elderly
Authors: Zhou Baiyu , Liu Xiang , Yu Pulin
Published: July 2018

The Chinese Association of Geriatric Medicine proposed a set of criteria, The Health Criteria for the Elderly, to measure senior health. These criteria have their origins in the efforts in the past several decades to define successful aging. Successful aging theories, including the disengagement theory, the activity theory, and the continuity theory, represent sets of constructs on what elements constitute satisfactory aging and how it can be achieved. Rowe and Kahn's framework for successful aging emphasizes the impact of lifestyle choices on aging outcomes. The proposed health criteria for Chinese seniors may be too restrictive to be used as clinical guidelines. Instead, they can be promoted as goals of healthy aging in public education programs or serve as parameters to evaluate the effect of health policies and healthcare delivery models on the elderly population.