bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification and assessment of losses from the armed conflict in Donbas and annexation of Crimea
Authors:   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Ivanov Serhii , Yudina Svitlana ,   Dniprovsk State Technical University, Lysa Olena ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Drahun Andrii ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology
Published: February 2021

The authors classify and investigate the losses caused by the military conflict in the east of Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea, as well as the approaches to their assessment. The authors studied the results of scientific research, current legislation, and information-analytical materials and came to the conclusion that there are no common standards (approaches) or detailed approaches to loss assessment for different entities (state, individual enterprises, and citizens), and the mechanism of compensation for losses is undeveloped as well. This can cause many problems both for experts in substantiating the volume of damages and for courts in considering relevant cases for losses. The authors considered the damage caused to Ukraine by the military conflict with Russia, which resulted in the annexation of the Crimean peninsula and the occupation of Luhansk and Donetsk regions, and interpreted this damage as assessed consequences of these events and classified them by place and time of manifestation on direct, indirect, complete and general, and by spheres of manifestation of consequences on medico-biological, military-political, socio-economic, external and internal political and ecological ones. To characterize each of these types of damage, the authors have identified certain components that can have quantitative and qualitative forms of expression. Taken into account that the qualitative assessment of the consequences of armed conflict is subjective to some extent and depends on the coverage of expert opinions, the authors focused on those components that can be quantified (in monetary terms). To assess them, in the article there were formed certain groups of indicators that have a quantitative form of expression. At the same time, first of all, the authors take into account indicators that make it possible to assess the direct damage from the armed conflict. The authors, based on the analysis and generalization of the values of these indicators in the dynamics, determine the estimated amount of direct damage caused to Ukraine during the conflict (2014-2019), and give a forecast of its growth if this conflict continues. Also, we propose the option of calculating the lost benefit from the impossibility of using a part of the country’s territory (currently uncontrolled) based on its potential.
Non-standard employment in Kazakhstan as an object of structural modeling
Authors:   Academician E. A. Buketov Karaganda University, Atabayeva Assiya , Pritvorova Tatyana ,   Academician E. A. Buketov Karaganda University, Syzdykova Elmira ,   Academician E. A. Buketov Karaganda University, Lambekova Aigerim ,   Academician E. A. Buketov Karaganda University
Published: February 2021

Phenomenon of employment transformation in the modern economy is the subject of active discussions. Identification of factors influencing its development and the construction of a model of «new» (non-standard) employment are particularly topical. Based on the results of previous studies, we have identified both personal (human capital, education) and external factors (digitalization, social protection), put them forward and tested hypotheses about their impact on non-standard employment. We have constructed a structural model that reflects both the factors affecting non-standard employment, and the socio-economic parameters of society affected by non-standard employment (income and social inequality). We have assessed reliability and internal consistency of the model as well. Based on the results obtained, we have determined the degree of studied factors’ influence on non-standard employment in Kazakhstan. For the research, we used methods of online polling, modeling using structural equations (SEM) of SmartPLS software. Based on the results of the PLS analysis, we have identified two main issues of non-standard employment in Kazakhstan: a low level of social protection and inability to accumulate human capital of employees. Obtained determination coefficients (0.8, 0.5, and 0.58) indicate that the unstable nature of non-standard employment (instability, low wages) leads to an increase in poverty and social inequality. We have proposed measures to regulate these issues by improving legislation on social insurance for non-standardly employed citizens, and taking active measures to promote employment, including a state employment program.
PERANCANGAN SMART –TV MENGGUNAKAN PERINTAH SUARA DENGAN METODE HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL
Authors: Saputro Adi Kurniawan
Published: February 2021

Abstract— Salah satu teknologi yang sedang berkembang saat ini adalah perintah suara yang mengolah suara menjadi suatu perintah agar dapat dikenal oleh alat elektronik. Penelitian ini menggambarkan pengenalan pola suara untuk mengontrol, menghidupkan, mematikan dan mengganti channel televisi secara otomatis sebagai pengganti remote. Alat ini bertujan untuk memberikan inovasi dalam pengembangan dunia teknologi yang dititik beratkan pada pengenalan perintah suara. Metode yang digunakan adalah Hidden Markov Model untuk mengeksekusi fungsi perangkat melalui perintah suara . Sinyal suara dicuplik sehingga menjadi sinyal digital kemudian dinormalisasi dan diproses dengan preprocessing signal menggunakan metode LPC (Linear Predective Coding) selanjutnya dianalisis dan dicari nilai probabilitas yang maksimum sehingga dapat dikenali menggunakan Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Dengan konsep tersebut maka semua peralatan elektronik dapat dikendalikan dengan perintah suara dari penggunannya.
PENGATURAN NAVIGASI GERAK ROBOT 3 WHEELS OMNI-DIRECTIONAL MENGGUNAKAN METODE KONTROL PID
Authors: Marjanto Yohan Rukmana putra
Published: February 2021

Robot adalah alat mekanik yang dapat melakukan kegiatan fisik, baik dengan pengawasan maupun dengan dikontrol oleh manusia, ataupun dengan pemrograman yang sudah dilakukan terlebih dahulu. Salah satu jenis robot adalah robot beroda, yaitu robot yang bergerak atau bernavigasi dengan bantuan komponen roda. Salah satu parameter robot beroda bisa dikatakan baik dalam bernavigasi apabila robot mampu menjaga jarak badan robot terhadap objek disekitarnya supaya tidak menyentuh atau tertabrak. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengujian dalam pengaturan navigasi gerak robot beroda dengan menggunakan 3 roda omni atau bisa disebut juga robot 3 wheels omni-directional untuk menjaga jarak badan robot sisi kanan terhadap objek dinding dengan metode kontrol Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID). Kontrol PID bekerja berdasarkan nilai setpoint jarak yang diharapkan pada robot terhadap dinding, nilai setpoint akan dibandingkan dengan masukan data jarak badan robot terhadap dinding yang dihasilkan oleh sensor jarak SRF-05 yang terpasang pada robot. Dari perbandingan tersebut maka akan didapat nilai selisih atau error, nilai selisih tersebut untuk proses perhitungan berikutnya dengan parameter Kp, Ki, Kd dan akan didapatkan nilai hasil perhitungan PID untuk menggerakkan roda dengan memberikan sinyal Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) pada masing-masing roda. Dari hasil pengujian trial and error didapatkan nilai parameter kontansta PID sebesar: Kp=30, Ki=10 dan Kd=20, dengan hasil robot mampu bernavigasi dengan baik tanpa menyentuh dinding dengan jarak setpoint robot terhadap dinding terkecil jarak 10 cm. Kata kunci: Robot beroda, Gerak navigasi, kontrol PID, jarak setpoint
The ‘new normal’ includes online prenatal exercise: Exploring pregnant women’s experiences during the pandemic and the role of virtual group fitness on maternal mental health
Authors: Silva-Jose Cristina , Nagpal Taniya S , Coterón Javier , Barakat Ruben , Mottola Michelle F
Published: February 2021

Background: Prenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms have significantly increased since the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Furthermore, home confinement regulations have caused a drastic increase in time spent sedentary. Online group fitness classes may be an effective strategy that can increase maternal physical activity and improve mental health outcomes by providing an opportunity for social connectedness. The present study explores the experiences of pregnant women who participated in an online group exercise program during the pandemic and identifies relationships with maternal mental health and well-being. In addition, we present person-informed recommendations on how to improve the delivery of future online prenatal exercise programs.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with pregnant women (8-39 weeks of pregnancy) who participated in an online group exercise program, from March to October 2020 in Spain. A phenomenological approach was taken, and open-ended questions were asked to understand women’s experiences throughout the pandemic and the role the online exercise classes may have had on their physical activity levels, mental health, and other health behaviours such as diet. A thematic analysis was performed to evaluate data. In addition, women completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and these data supplemented qualitative findings. Results: Twenty-four women were interviewed, and the average STAI score was 32.23 ± 9.31, ranging from low to moderate anxiety. Thematic analysis revealed that women felt safe exercising from home, an increased availability of time to schedule a structured exercise class, and consequently an improvement in their adherence to the program and other behaviours (i.e., healthier diet). Women emphasized feeling connected to other pregnant women when they exercised online together, and overall, this had a positive effect on their mental well-being. Women suggested that future online exercise programs should include flexible options, detailed instructions and facilitation by a qualified exercise professional.Conclusion: Pregnant women are receptive to online group exercise classes and expressed that these are an accessible option to accommodating physical activity during the pandemic. In addition, the online group environment provides an important sense of connectivity among pregnant women exercising together and this may mitigate the detrimental effect of COVID-19 on maternal mental health.
Factors predisposing women and children to indoor air pollution in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya
Authors: Dida Gabriel O , Lutta Patrick O. , Abuom Paul O. , Mestrovic Tomislav , Anyona Douglas N.
Published: February 2021

Background: Indoor air pollution (IAP) is an increasing public health hazard in developing countries. Although fuelwood and kerosene are still heavily relied on as energy sources among households in the Sub-Saharan Africa, little information is available concerning the predisposing factors. The aim of this study was to establish the factors predisposing women and children to IAP and their health outcomes among residents of Trans Nzoia County, Kenya.Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, a structured questionnaire was used to collect information on effects of IAP from 252 women respondents drawn from 14 villages. Households were the sampling units and the woman of the household with/or in custody of a child aged less than 5 years old selected as respondents. Results: Mean age of respondents was 36.49 years, (95% CI [35.5, 37.5]), with most (81.3%) being able to read. Most (64.5%) houses were semi permanent, and in good condition. Up to 58.6% of households had average kitchen size of approximately 5.6 m2, with most (84.5%) kitchens being located in separate building from main house. Majority the women (92.0%) and children (95.4%) had coughs of varying intensities during the year, while 31.5% of the women reported wheezing, and 98% experienced headaches. Wood and kerosene were the most preferred fuel types for cooking (96.8%) and lighting (97.4%), respectively. Smoke from the wood was identified as the dominant (96.8%) source of IAP. Education level, occupation, and family income were significantly associated with presence of eave spaces (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, the indoor concentration was negatively associated with ventilation, education and semi-permanent buildings.Conclusions: Supporting the impoverished households and increasing their level of awareness on health-effects of IAP occasioned by use of biomass fuel while cooking indoors may be the first step in implementing a programme aimed at reducing exposure among rural households in Trans Nzoia County.
Genome-Wide Identification of MYB Gene Family Reveals Their Potential Functions in Cadmium Stress Response and the Regulation of Cannabinoid Biosynthesis in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Yin Min , Pan Gen , Tao Jie , Zhao Lining , Li Zheng , Jiang Hui , Tang Huijuan , Chang Li , Li Jianjun , Chen Anguo , Deng Yong , Zhang Cuiping , Li Defang , Huang Siqi
Published: February 2021

Backgroud: Heavy metal pollutant, Cadmium (Cd), is an inorganic pollutant in China. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an important fiber crop to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils. The MYB family is one of the largest and most important gene families that influences plant growth and produce secondary metabolites. Results: 115 CsMYB genes were identified in the hemp genome. The 1R-MYB subfamily had 17 genes, the 2R-MYB subfamily 88 genes, and the 3R-MYB subfamily 8 genes. The synteny analysis of the CsMYB genes indicated that there were 3 pairs of tandem repeats, 21 pairs of segmental duplication, 6 CsMYB genes present before species differentiation, and 60 genes belonging to the hemp-specific CsMYB genes. 7 CsMYB genes were identified to influence the response to Cd stress by combining the transcriptome data of two hemp species under Cd stress. Based on the changes in the Cannabinoid content of hemp under Cd stress, the expression of different CsMYB genes in hemp with high and low cannabidiol (CBD) contents, and tissue-specific expression, it was inferred that CsMYB024 may be affected by Cd stress and mediate the CBD synthesis pathway.Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the hemp MYB family. These results should be helpful in understanding of their potential functions in Cd-Stress Response and the Regulation of Cannabinoid Biosynthesis in Hemp. In addition, lays the foundation for the further study of biological functions of CsMYBs in hemp.
WITHDRAWN: Enzyme activity and phytoremediation using Plantago major to protect tomato plants from the contamination of cypermethrin pesticide
Authors: Aioub Ahmed , Zuo Yayun , Aioub Ali A.A. , Hu Zhaonong
Published: February 2021

Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly therapy to minimize soil pollution. Cypermethrin (CYP) is one of the most frequently used pyrethroid insecticides against a variety of pests. We aimed at evaluating the potential of using economic plant like tomato as a control alone and together with Plantago major (PM) for the uptake CYP residue from contaminated soil. Also, investigating the antioxidant enzymes such as (SOD, POD and CAT) in roots of PM and tomato. For the first time, we documented the role of PM as a phytoremediator to protect tomato plants from the contamination of CYP pesticide. In a pot experiment, we have cultivated PM and tomato in a soil polluted with CYP (10 µg g− 1). Data showed that PM and tomato accumulated a significant amounts of CYP in their tissues. However, PM is better than tomato in uptake CYP from soil. The longest half-life value (t1/2) of CYP was in PM + tomato together treatment (12.7 days), and the shortest was in the soil with tomato alone (6.81 days). Moreover, the activity of SOD, POD and CAT in treated tomato and PM roots significantly (p > 0.05) exceeded control plants after 8 days from exposure. In this study, a good strategy was recommended to uptake CYP residue from soil by PM and protect tomato plants from CYP residue and also safe the human and non-target organisms.
Shape memory polymer ovarian vein embolisation in a patient with nickel allergy
Authors: Castellano Davide , Boghi Andrea , Maggio Luca Di , Rapellino Alessandro , Savio Daniele
Published: February 2021

Background: ovarian vein embolization in pelvic varicocele is usually obtained using nitinol coils. These devices can not be used in patients with proven nickel allergy.Case presentation: shape memory polymer is a new embolic material available to interventionalists. A patient presented with pelvic congestion syndrome requiring embolisation of the left ovarian vein. The target vessel consisted of two twisted branches, each 5-6 mm in diameter. The patient also had a known allergy to nickel. Considering the anatomy and allergy status, embolisation with polyurethane shape memory polymer vascular plugs was considered a good case strategy. The embolisation procedure was technically successful with the deployment of two shape memory polymer plugs into each of the two left ovarian vein branches. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at 4 months showed sustained occlusion of the treated vessels and the patient showed no signs of allergy to the implanted material.Conclusions: in conclusion, our case presented an opportunity to utilise a new embolic material and achieve a good outcome in a patient with an allergy that may have resulted in complications when using metallic implants.
Authentication of IoT Device and IoT Server Using Security Key
Authors: Alnahari Wael , Quasim Mohammad Tabrez
Published: February 2021

IoT is an emerging topic in the field of IT that has attracted the interest of researchers from different parts of the world. Authentication of IoT includes the establishment of a model for controlling access to IoT devices through the internet and other unsecured network platforms. Strong authentication of IoT is necessary for ensuring that machines and devices could be trusted when it comes to data sharing. The whole idea of authentication further prevents cybercriminals from using loopholes in IoT devices to access data that they are not allowed to access. Various authentication techniques could be used to secure IoT servers and devices. Establishing mutual authentication between IoT servers and IoT devices has attracted a lot of research interests because it helps enhance the effectiveness and overall security of data sharing. Therefore, this research provides the basis for analyzing the whole idea of using security keys to encrypt both IoT servers and IoT devices.
Establishing Consensus on a Screening Tool for the Neglected Sexual SIde Effects after Prostate Cancer Treatment: A Modified E-Delphi Study.
Authors: Roscher Pierre , Naidoo Kimesh , Milios Joanne , Wyk Jacqueline van
Published: February 2021

BackgroundNeglected sexual side effects are a group of less common sexual side effects after Prostate that may present after Prostate Cancer treatment. There is currently no valid and reliable tool to identify these side effects. A modified Delphi study is an effective way of developing and validating such a screening tool.MethodsA modified Delphi study was used to obtain consensus from a multi-disciplinary group of experts over three rounds. Ten statements were presented containing 8 close ended statements on individual NSSEs, and 2 open ended statements on Psychosocial impact related to NSSE. Consensus was defined as a 75% strongly agree achievement on each statement, or the final statement evolution at the end of 3 rounds. Statement support in each round was determined by mean, standard deviation and range, after a numerical value was allocated to each statement during specific rounds. All three rounds were structured and suggestions and additions were incorporated in the statement evolution of the three rounds.ResultsThirty five participants were invited, and 27 completed Round 1(RD 1), 23 participants completed RD2, and 20 participants completed RD3. All 3 rounds were completed in 12 weeks. Statement 1(sexual arousal incontinence), statement 2(climacturia) and statement 3 (orgasm intensity) reached consensus after RD2, and statement 9 (sexual dysfunction impact) and statement 10 (experiences) were removed after RD3. Statement 4 (orgasmic pain), statement 5 (anejaculation), statement 6(sensory disturbances), statement 7 (penile length shortening) and statement 8 (penile curvature) were finalised after the conclusion of RD3. Statement 1-3 were the most stable statements with the most support and least amount of disagreement. Statements 4-8 were less stable, but support for them improved over the 3 rounds. Statement 9-10 both had good stability, but the support indicated that they needed to be removed from the set of statements. Statement 5 had the poorest range due to an outlier opinion.ConclusionsConsensus was reached on the statements making up the NSSE screening tool. Health care practitioners will be able to use this tool to identify NSSE after prostate cancer treatment. Further reliability testing on this tool is needed.
Environmental Conditions, and Phenolic Compounds Potential in the Leaves of Vitis Tiliifolia
Authors: Mata.Alejandro Humberto , Galindo-Tovar María Elena , Leyva-Ovalle Otto , Famiani Franco , Cruz-Castillo Juan G
Published: February 2021

The wild vine Vitis tiliifolia is found in Mexico, Central América, and the Caribbean region. In the Veracruz State, in Mexico, grows in several municipalities and is used for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. The geographical distribution and environment where this Vitis grow has not been recorded. The leaves of V. tiliifolia are rich in phenolic compounds but potential areas with vines of high phenolic compounds are unknown. An agroecological zoning model to identify potential areas for the cultivation and development of this species was performed. Potential areas having wild vines of high phenolic compounds in the leaves were also determined. The model included 95 vine georeferences, obtained from four municipalities of central Veracruz. These were analyzed with maximum entropy modeling, mapped with ArcMap software, and correlated with the phenolic compounds found in leaves collected in the georeferenced areas. A zoning map was produced, with a potential area of ​​2763.72 km2, which included the states of San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Agroclimatic variables of seasonality of temperature, precipitation, and organic matter in the soil were the most important for the development of this species. In the state of Veracruz, vines with the potential of high phenolic content were found in 29 municipalities with characteristics suitable for its cultivation. The highest phenolic content potential was found at altitudes between 1000 and 2000 meters in the municipalities of Huatusco and Cosautlán in the State of Veracruz.
Deconstructing Molecular Phylogenetic Relationship Among Cultivated and Wild Brassica Species
Authors: Sudan Jebi , Singh Ravinder , Mahajan Reetika , Salgotra Romesh K.
Published: February 2021

Brassica represents an agriculturally important and diverse group of oilseed crops with a long evolutionary history. Various molecular markers played an important role in understanding origin and evolution of Brassica species. In present research both Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) developed form Brassica juncea were used to find out the phylogenetic relationship between various cultivated and wild Brassica species. A total of 88 SSR and 58 SNP markers were found to be functional across 38 genotypes belonging to ten different taxon groups. The polymorphic markers were able to group the genotypes into three different clusters and showed relatedness among different genomes based on genetic distance. The transferability of these markers serves the purpose of their quick use in cultivar identification, diversity and phylogenetic analysis in those orphan crops species where no or less genomic information is available.
Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation and Positive Airway Pressure devices for Central Sleep Apnea in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: IFTIKHAR IMRAN HASAN , Khayat Rami N
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is contraindicated for central sleep apnea (CSA) treatment in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) limiting treatment options. Though, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), bi-level PAP with back-up rate (BPAP-BUR) and transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation (TPNS) are alternatives, not much is known about their comparative efficacies, which formed the basis of this network meta-analysis, in which their effects on apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and subjective daytime sleepiness (based on Epworth sleepiness score (ESS)), were analyzed.Methods: PubMed was searched for potentially includable randomized controlled trials and network meta-analysis was conducted in R program using package netmeta.Results: Network meta-analysis showed no statistically significant differences between interventions in AHI reduction. In exploring heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis elicited statistically significant differences in AHI reduction between ASV and TPNS (-18.30 [-27.8; -8.79]), with BPAP-BUR (-21.90 [-30.79; -13.01]) and CPAP (-23.10 [-29.22; -16.98]), favoring ASV. Of all the interventions, only TPNS showed a statistically significant decrease in ESS (-3.70 (-5.58; -1.82)) when compared to guideline directed medical therapy (used as a common comparator across trials), while also showing significant differences when compared with ASV (-3.20 (-5.86; -0.54)), BPAP-BUR (-4.00 (-7.33; -0.68)), and CPAP (-4.45 (-7.75; -1.14)). Hasse diagram, accounting for both AHI and ESS as outcomes for relative hierarchy showed relative superiority of both ASV and TPNS over BPAP-BUR and CPAP.Conclusions: Results indicate relative superiority of TPNS and ASV to BPAP-BUR and CPAP in their effects on AHI and ESS reduction in patients with CSA and HFrEF.
Molecular characterization of a novel polymycovirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Setosphaeria turcica
Authors: Gao Zhongnan , Zhang Manyu , Yu Tingting , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Xin , An Hongliu , Zhang Songbai , Liu Minghong , Fang Shouguo
Published: February 2021

A putative polymycovirus tentatively named Setosphaeria turcica polymycovirus 1 (StPmV1) was discovered from the phytopathogenic fungus Setosphaeria turcica. StPmV1 has a genome comprising 5 double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). DsRNA1-3 each encodes a protein sharing significant but lower than 64% sequence identity with corresponding proteins from other polymycoviruses. DsRNA4-5 each encodes a protein with a sequence not conserved among polymycoviral proteins. However, the protein encoded by dsRNA4 is rich in proline (P), alanine (A), and serine (S) residues, which is a feature shared by the so-called PAS-rich proteins encoded by all polymycoviruses. Phylogeny reconstruction using the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) of accepted or putative polymycoviruses revealed that StPmV1 is most closely related to Plasmopara viticola lesion associated Polymycovirusmyco 1 (PvaPolymyco1), a putative polymycovirus recovered from the phytopathogenic oomycetes Plasmopara viticola. These data suggest that StPmV1 may represent a novel species of the genus Polymycovirus under the family Polymycoviridae. To our knowledge, this is the first polymycovirus reported from S. turcica.
Encapsulation and Characterization of Meropenem in Niosome Nanoparticles and Inhibitory Effects of Antibiofilm and Antibacterial on Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Shirin Neda Jegargoshe , Gharaghie Tohid Piri , Beiranvand Sheida , Riahi Anali , Fattahi Nasim
Published: February 2021

Background: We aim to assess the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of niosome-encapsulated meropenem. Methods: After isolating S. aureus isolates and determining their microbial sensitivity, their ability to form biofilms was examined using plate microtiter assay. Various formulations of niosome-encapsulated meropenem were prepared using the thin-film hydration method, Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were determined, and biofilm genes expression was examined. Drug formulations’ toxicity effect on HDF cells were determined using MTT assay.Results: Out of the 162 separated Staphylococcus aureus, 106 were resistant to methicillin. 87 MRSA isolates were vancomycin-resistant, all of which could form biofilms. The F1 formulation of neoplastic meropenem with a size of 51.3 ± 5.84 and an encapsulation index of 84.86 ± 3.14 was detected, which prevented biofilm growth with a BDI index of 69% and reduced icaD, FnbA, Ebps biofilms’ expression with p ≤0.05 in addition to reducing MBIC and MIC by 4-6 times. Interestingly, F1 formulation of neoplastic meropenem indicated cell viability over 90% at all tested concentrations. Conclusions: Results of the present study indicate that niosome-encapsulated meropenem reduces the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus MRSA to antibiotics in addition to increasing its anti-biofilm and antibiotic activity, and could prove useful as a new strategy for drug delivery.
Cancellation on the Day of Surgery in an Ambulatory Setting - A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Oliveira João Manuel Teixeira , Ginestal Mariana , Ferreira Catarina , Povo Ana , Alves Eurico Castro
Published: February 2021

Background: Cancellations on the day of surgery represent an important setback for patients and pose considerable drawbacks for healthcare management. Part of these cancellations are due to patients’ factors. Some studies have addressed this issue in inpatient care, but scarce information is found regarding ambulatory setting. This work intended to analyse the parameters that are important in patient cancellation on the day of surgery for ambulatory surgery, with a closer analysis on those that are patient dependent, specifying those that are significant in order to anticipate which patients will be cancelled beforehand.Methods: This work analysed a total of 19781 patients enrolled for elective day-case surgery in 2018, from which 1253 (6.33%) made a cancellation on their day of surgery. Results: Patients residing closer to the hospital (< 10 Km) had statistically more cancellations than those residing > 10 km away (p<0.05). Also, patients with 65 years of age or more had a higher cancellation rate (p<0.05). Finally, patients without a prior pre operative medical appointment might have a higher likelihood of same day cancellation (5.8% vs 14.01%, p<0.05). T-test and Chi-square tests were used with a level of significance of 0.05.Conclusions: We expect this work can contribute to anticipate the cancellation of a given patient, enabling quicker treatment with optimised resources.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis on the Effects of Turbocharged Compressed Bio- Methane Fuelled Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: Alexander Jim , Porpatham E
Published: February 2021

The implementation of recent emission norms has caused the automotive industries to develop advanced technologies for gaseous fuelled SI engines. This research focused on the comparison of turbocharged Compression Ratio (CR) 10.5:1 and naturally aspirated (NA) 12.5:1 for Compressed Bio-Methane (CBM) fuelled SI engine. The original port fuel injected automotive Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Spark Ignition (SI) engine with 15.5 kW at 3400 rpm was made to function with CBM fuel under full throttle conditions at given CR. Also, two turbochargers T1 and T2 were analysed and validated using ANSYS turbo-machinery numerical package. T1 generated a higher-pressure ratio than T2 and was preferable. The simulation study outcomes infer that entropy generation for T1 at a 1.3 bar is less than 1.5 bar gave a better transient response. The experimental comparison was made between CR of 10.5:1 turbocharged and naturally aspirated CR of 12.5:1. At CR of 10.5:1, 1.3 bar boost pressure, brake power increased by 19.3%, reduced fuel consumption by 10.1%, and reduced hydro carbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions 42.9% and 38.3%, when compared to NA CR of 12.5:1. On the whole, the downsized CR of 10.5:1 turbocharging exhibit better performance and reduced thermal loading when compared to higher CR of 12.5:1.
Eco-bioengineering Tools in Ecohydrological Assessment of Eutrophic Water Bodies
Authors: Gogoi Nayanmoni , Paul Bishal , Purkayastha Karishma Das
Published: February 2021

Eutrophication of water bodies and deterioration of water quality is an emerging environmental crisis. The root causes, pathways and consequences of eutrophication are multidirectional and provide a huge scope of risk-analysis and risk-assessment in the domain of remediation studies. However, a deep insight on restoration studies shows a global transitional trend of evolution of traditional restoration methods to advanced innovative techniques with pioneering development in the field of science and technology. This study introduces a novel approach of considering ecohydrological assessment of eutrophication emphasizing classical biomanipulation practices and their evolution into innovative methods coined as ‘eco-bioengineering’ method. The main objective of this study is to critically analyse and recognize the research gaps in classical biomanipulations and appreciate the reproducibility and efficacy of eco-bioengineering methods at micro- and macrolevel aquatic ecosystems. Comprehensive literature review was conducted in offline and online planforms, and our survey revealed continuation of a historical trend in classical biomanipulation practices (75.36%) and an ascending drift in eco-bioengineering research (24.64%) in the immediate decade (2010–2020). At a global scale, recent biomanipulation research is skewedly distributed in Europe (43.48%), East Asia (34.78%), North America (8.70%), South America (2.90%), South Africa (4.35%), Oceania (1.45%), Middle East (1.45%) and non-specific regions (2.90%). Finally, this study revealed the comprehensiveness of eco-bioengineering methods and their strong ecological resilience to recurrence of eutrophication and fluctuating environmental flows in the future. Therefore, this study reinforces eco-bioengineering methods a cost-effective green technologies that will sustainable solutions for restoration of eutrophic waters at a global scale.
Global optimization of an encapsulated Si/SiO2 L3 cavity with a 43 million quality factor
Authors: Vasco J. P. , Savona V.
Published: February 2021

We optimize a silica-encapsulated silicon L3 photonic crystal cavity for ultra-high quality factor by means of a global optimization strategy, where the closest holes surrounding the cavity are varied to minimize out-of-plane losses. We find an optimal value of Qc = 4.33 × 107 , which is predicted to be in the 2 million regime in presence of structural imperfections compatible with state-of-the-art silicon fabrication tolerances.
Study of Small Polaronic, Variable Hopping Conduction and Its Exploration By Impedance Analysis in I- Substituted CaCu3Ti4O12 at O- Ion Site By Fine-Tuning The Electrical Properties, Grains and Grain Boundaries
Authors: Yadav Bhoomika , Kumar Rajesh , Kar Kamal K. , Ghorai Manas K.
Published: February 2021

In this study, dielectric and impedance related investigation are carried out in solid-state synthesized iodine doped CaCu3Ti4O12-xIx (x= 0, 0.005, 0.05 and 0.2) at anion site in the varying temperature (300-500 K) and frequency (20 Hz - 1 MHz). The detailed analysis of dielectric and scaled plot (Z″, M″) confirm the Maxwell-Wagner relaxations unlike Debye type. Broad relaxation peaks in spectroscopic plots and nearly straight lines in admittance (Y″ vs. Yʹ) and ε″ vs. εʹ reveals the occurrence of various relaxation processes with a narrow distribution of time constants. Mismatch in peak frequencies of Z″/ Z″max and M″/ M″max suggest that relaxation mechanism is dominated by short-range (localized) movement of charge carriers. The twinning values of Ea,τ,M″ (≈ 0.067 eV) and Ea,τ,Z” (≈0.081 eV) indicate the involvement of same type of charge carriers in conduction and relaxation processes. Correlating Jonscher’s power law and overlapping peaks in the combined plot of M″, Z″ vs. log f indicates high loss, due to DC conduction through localized hopping of small polarons via some defect states through Mott’s VRH mechanism, among the highly concentrated density of states, N (Ef), confined in the very low-temperature zone and nearest-neighbor hopping (NNH) of polarons due to Arrhenius in high-temperature zone both reserved in low-frequency region (≤1 kHz) only.
In Vitro Validation Studies For Adhesion Factor and Adhesion Efficiency of Probiotic Bacillus Licheniformis MCC 2514 and Bifidobacterium Breve NCIM 5671 on HT-29 Cell Lines
Authors: HS Rohith , Halami Prakash Motiram
Published: February 2021

Probiotic bacterial adhesion to the epithelial cell is a composite process and in vivo adhesion studies can be strengthened with the improved in vitro models for preliminary screening of potentially adherent strains. With this rationale, the study aimed is the first report to demonstrate the colonizing efficiency of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis MCC 2514 in comparison to Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671on HT-29 cell line. B. licheniformis (54.28 ± 0.99%) and Bif. breve (70.23 ± 0.85%) adhered in a higher percentage on fibronectin and mucin, respectively. However, the adhesion was higher for B. licheniformis when compared to Bif. breve. In adhesion score, B. licheniformis obtained about 138.85 ± 12.32, whereas Bif. breve got the score of 43.05 ± 9.12. The same trend continued in the adhesion percentage study, where B. licheniformis adhered 75.5 ± 5.2%, higher than Bif. breve adhered 32.66 ± 3.2%. In invasion assay, both the bacteria significantly decreased the colonization of the pathogen Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 about 97.32 ± 0.81% in the competitive assay, 97.87 ± 0.73% in exclusion assay and 82.19 ± 2.51% in displacement assay. The cytotoxicity effects of the test bacterial strains against HT-29 cell line through MTT assay determined no viability loss in the treated cells. Therefore, the data obtained from the in vitro studies showed that both B. licheniformis and Bif. breve had shown significantly good invasion on pathogen and adhesion capacity on HT-29 cell line.
A novel method for production of peroxidase enzyme from garden radish root source using a spouted bed reactor modeling and optimization approach
Authors: Hamedi Shahrbanoo , Afsahi M. Mehdi , Riahi-Madvar Ali
Published: February 2021

The main advantages of the dried enzymes are the lower cost of storage and longer time of preservation for industrial applications. In this study for the first time, the spouted bed reactors were utilized for drying the garden radish (Raphanus sativus L.) root extract as a cost-effective source of the peroxidase enzyme. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of main parameters (the inlet air temperature (T) and the air flow rate (Q)) on the residual enzyme activity (REA). The maximum REA of 38.7% was obtained at the T= 50 °C and Q= 1.4. In order to investigate the drying effect on the catalytic activity, the optimum reaction conditions (pH and temperature), as well as kinetic parameters, were investigated for the fresh and dried enzyme extracts (FEE and DEE). The obtained results showed that optimum pH was decreased about 12.3% while 85.7% increase was observed in optimum temperature of DEE compare to FEE. Moreover, kinetic parameters, thermal-stability, and shelf life of the enzyme were considerably improved after drying by the spouted bed. Overall, the results confirmed that a spouted bed reactor can be used as a promising method for drying heat-sensitive materials such as peroxidase enzyme.
Ultrastructure of influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes during viral RNA synthesis
Authors: Nakano Masahiro , Sugita Yukihiko , Kodera Noriyuki , Miyamoto Sho , Muramoto Yukiko , Wolf Matthias , Noda Takeshi
Published: February 2021

The single-stranded, negative-sense, viral genomic RNA (vRNA) of influenza A virus is encapsidated by viral nucleoproteins and an RNA polymerase to form a ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP) with a helical, rod-shaped structure. The vRNP is responsible for transcription and replication of the vRNA. However, the vRNP conformation during viral RNA synthesis is not well understood. Here, using high-speed atomic force microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy, we investigated the native structure of influenza A vRNPs during RNA synthesis in vitro. Two distinct types of vRNPs were observed in association with newly synthesized RNAs: an intact, helical rod-shaped vRNP connected with a structured viral RNA product and a deformed vRNP associated with a looped, double-stranded RNA, composed of a template vRNA and a nascent RNA. These results suggest that while some vRNPs keep their helical structures during viral RNA synthesis, probably for the repeated cycle of transcription and/or replication, others accidentally become structurally deformed, which probably results in failure to commence or continue RNA synthesis. Thus, our findings provide the ultrastructural basis of viral RNA synthesis and advance our knowledge of the mechanism of viral transcription and replication.
Contribution of Ocular Residual Astigmatism to Anterior Corneal Astigmatism in Children with Low and Moderate Myopia
Authors: Lin Jian , An Dexiang , Lu Yun , Yan Dongmei , Wang Leilei
Published: February 2021

To assess the contribution of ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) to anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA) in children with low and moderate myopia. Refractive astigmatism (RA) were received by subjective manifest refraction. ACA were obtained by IOL Master. Using Thibos vector analysis to calculate ORA. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the magnitude of ORA and ACA. The contribution of ORA to ACA was evaluated by Physical method. The study analyzed 241 right eyes of 241 children aged 8 to 18 years old. In this study, the median magnitude of ORA was 1.02 D, with interquartile range was 0.58 D. Against-the-rule ORA was seen in 232 eyes (96.3%). There was a significant and moderate correlation between ORA and ACA (r = 0.50, P < 0.001). The ORA in 240 eyes (99.6%) had a compensatory effects on ACA. The mean compensation value was 1.00 ± 0.41 D. Based on this effect, 37 eyes had different axial classification of ACA and RA. By contrast, one eye (0.4%) had oblique ORA and superimposed with-the-rule ACA. The magnitude of ORA was relatively huge in myopia children and predominantly compensated ACA. The ORA should be assessed first before fitting orthokeratology.
Antioxidant activity of vitamin E homologues in model systems
Authors: Trela-Makowej Agnieszka , Kruk Jerzy , Żądło Andrzej , Szymańska Renata
Published: February 2021

The effect of tocopherols, tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8 in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of liposomes prepared from natural chloroplast lipids, initiated by both water-soluble and lipid soluble azo-compounds, has been studied. In the case of tocopherols, α-tocopherol showed nearly no effect in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, while β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols inhibited the reaction completely when it was initiated by lipid-soluble AMVN. Similar effects were observed for tocotrienol homologues. In the investigated reaction plastochromanol-8 was as effective as β-, γ- and δ-tocochromanols. When peroxidation was initiated by water-soluble AIPH in liposomes, the order and extent of inhibition was similar to those of AMVN initiator. However, in this case, α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol showed more pronounced inhibition. When the prenyllipids were investigated in DPPH test, when incorporated into soy lipid liposomes, mixed micelles and micelles, DPPH oxidation was most pronounced in liposomes, followed by mixed micelles and micellar system. When the reaction of α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, plastochromanol-8 and α-tocopherol phosphate was examined in niosomes, the oxidation was most pronounced for α-tocopherol and plastochromanol-8, followed by α-tocotrienol. α-tocopherol phosphate showed no activity in this respect. The obtained results were discussed in light of the prenyllipid structures and their localization in the investigated lipid systems.
Gravidity, contraceptive use and acceptability of a proposed three-baby policy in a municipality of Ghana. 
Authors: Ametefi Vivian , Appiah-Brempong Emmanuel , Vampere Hasehni , Nyarko Gloria Obeng , Aggrey Priscilla Aba , Mintah Francis Dadzie
Published: February 2021

Background Childbirth and high Total Fertility Rate (TFR) among women is traditionally held in high esteem in many African societies. Therefore, bearing more children serves as a source of dignity to the mother and a resource to the family. However, the menace of large families and increasing populations is a global concern and to many African countries. The use of modern contraceptives is promoted to among other benefits, reduce pregnancies and TFR. A policy was also developed to limit the number of children per couple in Ghana to three. This study determined the factors associated with gravidity, the acceptability of the proposed three-baby per couple policy and the prevalence of modern contraceptives in a Ghanaian Municipality.Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted and involved 350 women of reproductive age who had a history of past or present pregnancy. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis with the aid of STATA version14.Results The results indicated that 97.39% of the participants had knowledge of modern contraceptives and 33.91% were current users of modern contraceptives. Gravidity showed significant association with age, marital status, educational level, employment status and source of contraceptive (p < 0.001). Participants with no formal education had the highest gravidity (Mean ± SD = 6.0 ± 1.7). Also, 86.29% were aware of the proposed three-baby policy but only 28.37% were willing to accept the policy. A linear regression analysis showed a negative association between age and gravidity (p = 0.018; β= -0.008). The participants’ desired number of children was also statistically significant with gravidity (p < 0.001).Conclusion Efforts towards population control can be challenging due to the low use of modern contraceptives which is effective in reducing the TFR. Also the low acceptability of the proposed three-baby policy amongst reproductive women suggest their desire for more children.
Impact of proton therapy on antitumor immune response
Authors: Mirjolet Céline , Nicol Anaïs , Limange Emeric , Mura Carole , Richard Corentin , Morgand Véronique , Rousseau Marc , Boidot Romain , Ghiringhelli François , Noel Georges , Burckel Hélène
Published: February 2021

Radiotherapy delivered using photons induces an immune response that leads to modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Clinical studies are ongoing to evaluate immune checkpoint inhibitors in association with photon radiotherapy. At present, there is no publication on the radio-induced immune response after proton therapy. Balb/c mice bearing subcutaneous CT26 colon tumors were irradiated by a single fraction of 16.4 Gy using a proton beam extracted from a TR24 cyclotron. RNA sequencing analysis was assessed at 3 days post-treatment. Proton therapy immune response was monitored by flow cytometry using several panels (lymphoid, myeloid cells, lymphoid cytokines) at 7 and 14 days post-irradiation. RNA-Seq functional profiling identified a large number of GO categories linked to “immune system” and “interferon signaling”. Immunomonitoring evaluation showed induced tumor infiltration by immune cells. This is the first study showing the effect of proton therapy on immune response. These interesting results provide a sound basis to assess the efficacy of a combination of proton therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.