bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial effects of Kepok Banana bunch (Musa paradisiaca L.) against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Maryati T , Nugroho T , Bachruddin Z , Pertiwiningrum A
Published: January 2021

Banana plants are well-known to contain diverse phytochemical compound. This study aimed to identify the antibacterial effects of Kepok Banana bunches (Musa paradisiaca L.) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. A laboratory analysis was carried out to determine the zone of bacterial inhibition. The experiment used completely randomized design with 3 treatments (50 μL, 70 μL Kepok Banana bunches extract and 50 μL Chloramphenicol as a positive control), each treatment replicated three times. The study was performed used wells agar diffusion. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that Kepok Banana bunches had potency as antibacterial agent. Treatments showed different (P<0.05) results in bacterial inhibition zones. Chloramphenicol produces the highest inhibitory zone (34.78 mm), while the difference in the concentration of banana bunches produces the same inhibitory zone (50 μL: 11.52 mm; 70 μL: 15.52). It is concluded that Kepok Banana bunches has potency to use as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus.
The effect of sludge dairy cattle and expired milk powder waste as growth media for white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida)
Authors: Sirajuddin M M , Muhlisin  , Pertiwiningrum A
Published: January 2021

White oyster mushroom media must add additional nutrients as stimulants for mushroom growth like bran, but bran is cattle feed so its availability is limited. Sludge biogas of cattle and expired milk powder waste is the result of livestock waste which is still rich in nutrients which are important substances. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in the composition of the biogas sludge media and expired milk powder waste on mushroom productivity. This study was designed with four treatments and three repetitions which difference in the ratio of the concentration of cattle biogas sludge and expired milk powder with a ratio of P0 (0g: 0g), P1 (100g: 100g), P2 (50g: 150g) P3: (150g: 50g). Data taken include mushroom growth measurement The data was processed using analysis of Variance-Completely Randomized Design Unidirectional and the average difference was tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The best result is P2 treatment, fresh weight, a diameter of caps, stem length, and harvest time obtained the results are 124.15 gram, 10.57 cm, 5.98 cm, and 46.00 days. In this study, the greater the proportion of expired milk powder waste that was given increasingly increased the growth of white oyster mushrooms.
Analysis of mangrove management to increase the economy of coastal communities in Madura island
Authors: Wahyurini E T , Darsono  , Kusnandar  , Harisudin M
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the research was to analyze the effect of mangrove forest management on the economic development of the coastal community on Madura Island. This paper outlines the management of mangrove forests for economic development on Madura Island. The research method used quantitative and qualitative descriptive-analytic used quantitative data. Data collected by interview, observation, and literature study. Respondents in this study came from four districts in Madura, namely Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep, which consisted of water management communities, Related Offices, Environmentalists, Academics, NGOs / Institutions, and CSR totaling 170 respondents. Data analysis tool was done by SEM Warp Partial Least Square method. The results show that mangrove forest management has a significant positive effect on economic development. Improving economic development, in this case, was increasing income, new employment opportunities, and mangrove sustainability.
Does RSPO certification affects the amount of CO2 emission in Indonesia?
Authors: Hilmi Y S , Utami A W
Published: January 2021

As the most giant Crude Palm Oil (CPO) producer, Indonesia faces environmental issues. In 2004, the adoption of Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) aimed at reducing the negative effect created by the palm oil industries. This study examined the impact of RSPO certification in the Indonesian palm oil industries on the amount of CO2 as one component of GHG emissions. This study used time series data from 1981 to 2016, collected from the World Bank, the Tree Crop Estate Statistics of Indonesia, and UnComtrade. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), with the amount of CO2 emissions in Indonesia as the dependent variables, was run against the area used to produce CPO, the amount of CPO produced by Indonesia, the CPO price of Indonesia, and the dummy variable that is RSPO certification. The results show that the model has both short and long-term equilibrium relationships. While the RSPO certification as a dummy variable is not associated with the amount of CO2 emissions in Indonesia.
Germination and seedling growth of Kipas Putih soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merril) in various dosage of gamma rays irradiation
Authors: Nilahayati  , Hanafiah D S , Rosmaina
Published: January 2021

Gamma irradiation is the widely used mutagen in assembling plant genetic diversity. The important thing to do is looking for the most appropriate dose that gives rise of diversity without turning off irradiated plants. This study aims to determine the initial growth response of Kipas Putih soybean seeds due to gamma ray irradiation treatment. Kipas Putih soybean seeds measure their water content up to 11%. Furthermore, gamma ray irradiation was carried out at doses 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 Gray. The results showed that there was decrease pe rcentage of germination in Kipas Putih soybean seeds at 200 Gray reaching 50% at 14th day after planting. Irradiation doses of 400 Gray and 600 Gray reduce percentage of germination until 20% and 30%, respectively. While at doses of 800 Gray and 1000 Gray, all seeds died at 21st day after planting. Giving gamma ray irradiation also showed a decrease in seedling height along with increasing irradiation dose.
Effect of Benzilaminopurine and Kinetin for shoot multiplication of Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana Miq.) by in vitro culture
Authors: Royani J I , Chotimah S , Utami R N , Fatma W S , Susiyanti  , Fatmawaty A P
Published: January 2021

Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana Miq.) is one of legume trees that useful as forage and have advantages in production and quality of forage compared to other types of legumes. This forage contains high protein and mineral sources, good fiber structure and high digestibility value. Nutrient contents are crude protein (31%) with 76% of DMD and 83% of OMD. Indigofera has low germination due to thick seed coat and fungal invasion during germination. Propagation by in vitro culture promise to multiply superior seeds from Indigofera. The aim for this research was to determine the effect of Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin for multiply of shoots of Indigofera. The research was designed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors (BAP and Kinetin concentration) and repeated 3 times. BAP concentration consists of four levels, 0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mg/L and Kinetin concentration consists of four levels 0, 1.0, 2 and 3 mg/L. Results showed that BAP gave the best results for number of shoots parameter at any concentration. Compact callus appears in basal of shoots at BAP (1.5 mg/L and 2 mg/L) media. Whereas media with Kinetin showed no significant effect on all parameters and there was no interaction between BAP and Kinetin.
Consumer perception on selecting marketplace for livestock products food
Authors: Muzayyanah M A U , Putra A R S , Syahlani S P , Dewi N H U
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyses the relationship between the underlying factors of product and market attributes and socio-demographic profiles of consumers. The aim of the analysis is to assess whether consumer responses vary across product and market attributes. Simple statistical analysis such as descriptive statistical analysis, frequency distribution, cross tabulation, analysis of variance, and factor analysis to assess the consumers’ preferences for livestock products food and market attributes were carried out. Results of this study indicate that indicate that the socio-demographic profile of consumers (gender, age, education and income) significantly influences the purchase decisions. A higher income gender and educational level of consumers influences their decisions on product and market attributes while age seems to have no significant impact. Consumers express significantly different views on various product attributes. Packaging and convenience are important for approximately 60 per cent respondents. Various market attributes clearly indicate that consumers prefer a convenient marketplace with additional service facilities. Development of marketing strategy regarding the products that can be offered at a marketplace based on consumer preferences and behavior.
Carbon stock estimation on some land cover: secondary forest, agroforestry, palm oil plantation and paddy fields
Authors: Karuru S S , Rasyid B , Millang S
Published: January 2021

The diversity of plant in some land uses at East Luwu Regency has potential to absorb and store carbon, which varies due to the plant different constituent. The differences of carbon stored of each land cover need to calculate in order to find the amount of carbon stock available. This study aims to estimate carbon stocks in the land cover of secondary forest, agroforestry, oil palm plantation and rice fields. The research use sample plot size 20 × 50 that taken 9 times for each land cover. Biomass data was collected using non-destructive sampling, since for undergrowth and necromass using destructive sampling by cutting and taking all the undergrowth and litter that are in a 1 × 1 meter quadrant. There are two kinds of soil sampling that collected; disturbed soil and intact soil. The results showed that the highest estimated carbon stock is secondary forest with carbon stock value of 265.86 tons / ha, as for agroforestry the carbon stock value of 131.31 tons / ha, while oil palm with a carbon stock value of 100.89 tons / ha and the lowest is paddy fields with carbon stock value of 70.50 tons / ha.
The effects of catfish oil supplementation as unsaturated fatty acid source on Bali cow gas production kinetics, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility in vitro
Authors: Cahyo D N , Yusiati L M , Kurniawati A , Hanim C , Muhlisin
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of catfish oil (CFO) supplementation on gas production kinetics, dry matter (IVDMD), and organic matter digestibility in vitro (IVOMD) with Bali cow rumen fluid. The design of this study was a completely randomized design with 5 treatment consist of T0 (control diet:Pennisetum purpupoides(60): wheat pollard (30): soybean meal (10)), T1 (T0 + 2% DM CFO), T2 (T0 + 4% DM CFO), T3 (T0 + 6% DM CFO), T4 (T0 + 8% DM CFO) and 3 replication. Gas production technique described by Menke and Steingass was used in this study with 48 hours of incubation time. Gas production kinetics was analyzed by Fit Curve application. The result showed that CFO supplementation did not change the value of gas production, a fraction value, b fraction value, gas production rate (c value), IVDMD, and IVOMD, but the increasing supplementation at the level of 8% decreased (P<0.05) gas production, b value, IVDMD, and IVOMD. It could be concluded that catfish oil supplementation as unsaturated fatty acid source at the level of 6% DM in the Bali cow diet did not give a negative effect on rumen substrates degradation.
Economic feasibility analysis of service business of agricultural equipment and machinery in Kubu Raya Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Ekawati  , Ellyta  , Sugiardi S
Published: January 2021

Agricultural equipment and machinery have become the main farmer’s need as technically it can accelerate and improve the quality of soil cultivation, water supply, increase the cropping index, reduce lost yields and preserve the environmental functions. Economically, it can increase the added values through product processing, productivity, and resource efficiency. Institutional service business of agricultural equipment and machinery (UPJA) needs to develop to facilitate farmers’ access to the use of affordable agricultural equipment and machinery in order to increase the sustainable food production. The sustainability of the service business is influenced by many aspects including economic aspects. This study aimed to analyze financial feasibility of UPJA in Parit Keladi village, Sungai Kakap subdistrict, Kubu Raya Regency. Analysis of R/C ratio and B/C ratio was applied. Based on R/C ratio of feasibility analysis, all kinds of agricultural equipment and machinery including transplanter, water pump, rice thresher, mini combine harvester, and hand tractor provided by the service business were feasible, shown by R/C ratio> 1.52 and B/C ratio >0.52. Whereas, The R/C value of water pump of 2.5; hand tractor 2.0; 1.81 transplant machine and 1.67 mini combaine and 1.31 power thresher machine, respectively.
Evaluation of growth and biomass production of sorghum on cadmium contaminated paddy field
Authors: Hasanah N A U , Harsono P , Samanhudi  , Purwanto E
Published: January 2021

The use of agrochemicals that exceed doses and over-exploitation of land for an agricultural commodity contributes to increasing cadmium concentration. Sorghum is a multifunctional crop that can be potential as a heavy metal remediation plant. The study aimed to obtain potential sorghum varieties for phytoremediation of cadmium by assessing the growth and capacity of sorghum biomass in Cd contaminated paddy fields. The study was arranged in a complete randomized factor group with four replications. Six sorghum varieties tested were: Super 1, Samurai, Suri 3, Numbu, Kawali, and Hitam. These varieties were planted with cadmium contaminated rice fields. In general, sorghum varieties can grow in cadmium contaminated rice fields. Three of the six varieties tested namely Super 1, Samurai, and Kawali have advantages in growth such as plant height, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, plant growth rate, and net assimilation rate. Big biomass performance is also approved by these three varieties. The results in this study will be described and used as a reference to complement the ability of this variety in the absorption and accumulation ability.
Identification of antagonistic bacteria against peanut stem rot disease (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) on the peatland of Kuala Pesisir-Nagan Raya, Indonesia
Authors: Subandar I , Hakim L , Suliansyah I , Syakur S
Published: January 2021

Peanut cultivation in peatlands has major obstacles in terms of controlling plant diseases. This research aimed to identify and characterize bacteria which have the potential as biological control agents against S. rolfsii in the peatlands of Kuala Pesisir Nagan Raya. This research was conducted in the Kuala Pesisir sub-district, Nagan Raya District, Aceh, Indonesia. The research activities include isolation, morphological identification, pathogenicity testing, antagonistic testing, and molecular identification. After the first screening, 25 bacterial isolates were to be observed further. At the root of the peanut plants the colonies were mostly bacillus, some of them were coccus. In gram staining, there were many gram-negative isolates compared to gram positive. Non-pathogenic bacterial isolates have good growth potential (85% - 100%), except for B3 bacterial isolates (74%). The peanut seeds in non-pathogenic bacteria that have good germination were in the range of 80% - 96% of the germination capacity. Peatland bacteria that interact with type D have the potential to act as antagonistic agents against S. rolfsii. There are bacteria which were promising to act as an antagonistic agent against Sclerotium rolfsii in the research area. Based on morphological and DNA characteristics, the bacteria were identified as Bacillus sp.
Utilization of infertile egg powder in ration improves the digestive tract development of broiler chickens
Authors: Ratriyanto A , Suprayogi W P S , Lestari A P , Riandari S F , Akbar A
Published: January 2021

Infertile egg powder (IEP) is a potential feedstuff with high nutrient content. This experiment investigated the effect of IEP utilization in the ration on digestive tract development of broiler chickens. In total, 196 one-day-old male broilers were distributed into four dietary treatments with 7 replicates of 7 birds each. The treatments comprised a basal diet (T0), 96% basal diet + 4% IEP (T1), 94% basal diet + 6% IEP (T2), and 92% basal diet + 8% IEP (T3). The weight and length of the digestive tract were measured at the end of feeding trial to observe their development. Analysis of variance was applied to analyze the effect of treatments, while Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was applied to compare the mean of each treatment. The results indicated that feeding with IEP (T1, T2, and T3 groups) generated the longer duodenum, jejunum, ileum and whole small intestine compared with feeding without IEP (T0, P<0.05), with the highest magnitude was observed for T3. Accordingly, IEP improved the weight of small intestine (P<0.05). In line with this, the IEP groups had heavier gizzard and liver than non-IEP groups. It can be concluded that IEP improves the development of digestive tract of broiler chickens.
Role of phosphate fertilizer on growth and yield of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Naomi M R , Supriyono  , Nurmalasari I A , Pardono
Published: January 2021

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a strategic commodity because its high productivity and diverse uses. This study aims to obtain a dose of phosphate fertilizer which increases growth and yield of hybrid maize. The research was conducted on the acid dry land, Faculty of Agriculture, UNS, Jumantono in June-September 2019. The research method used was an experimental method with a Randomized Completed Block Design one factor with four dose and was repeated six times. The dose is 0; 100; 150; 200 kg. ha−1 P fertilizer. The observed variables namely plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area index, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, weight of cobs with husks, weight of cobs without husks, average of cobs per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per hectar, and weight of 100 seeds. Application of 150 kg.ha−1 of phosphate fertilizer SP-36 increases growth variable on the leaf area index (LAI). The application of 150 kg.ha−1of phosphate fertilizer SP-36 increases yield variable on the weight of 100 seeds. But seen from the average dose of 100 kg.ha−1 has a higher yield than the control because it increases yield per hectare (5.91%) to 2.15 tons.ha-1.
The response of local rice varieties with intermittent irrigation with microclimate factors
Authors: Isnawan B H , Samanhudi  , Supriyono  , Supriyadi
Published: January 2021

Intermittent irrigation is a method carried out for irrigation efficiency in rice farming. This study aims to discover the effect of local rice varieties and types of irrigation and their interaction on rice microclimate factors. The study was conducted with an experimental method of factorial 3 × 4 strip plot design with a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Type of irrigation consisted of 3 levels: conventional irrigation, irrigation ten days inundated five days dry, and irrigation seven days inundated three days dry. Rice varieties comprised four groups: Rojolele, Pandan Wangi, Mentik Wangi, and Ciherang. The results showed that the Pandan Wangi rice variety with seven days of inundation in 3 dry days had higher temperatures above the canopy. During the initial vegetative, irrigation ten days inundated five days dry and seven days inundated three days dry had higher soil temperatures above the surface than conventional irrigation. When flowering, irrigation seven days inundated three days dry has a soil temperature-depth of 15 cm higher than conventional irrigation and irrigation ten days inundated five days dry. The microclimate condition was expected to be useful concerning plant physiology, pests, diseases, and rice weeds and their control.
Analysis of ascorbic acid content (vitamin C) of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) at various altitudes in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dewanti F D , Pujiasmanto B , Sukendah  , Yunus A
Published: January 2021

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a weed that can be used as a source of natural antioxidants. One of the ingredients in purslane is ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One of the preventive measures related to infections caused by the coronavirus is taking vitamin C to support the body’s immunity, which is proven to have a positive effect on the body’s immunity. Vitamin C can prevent susceptibility to reduce respiratory infections in certain conditions. The objective of this study was to get purslane plants (Portulaca oleracea L.) as a source of quality bioactive components of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) from various altitudes in East Java, Indonesia. The study conducted by taking purslane planting material in the lowlands 3 m above sea level (Rungkut, Surabaya); medium plains 593 m above sea level (DAU, Malang), and highlands 945 m above sea level (Bumi Aji, Batu Malang). Vitamin C analysis was carried out using LCMS (Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). The results of this study were the analysis of the content of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L). ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) from three altitudes was at highlands 9.24 mg/kg, medium plains 2.40 mg/kg, and lowlands 9.73 mg/kg.
The study of distribution of chicken manure fertilizer for papaya growth and production beneath unproductive palm oil
Authors: Maryani A T , Fathia N M E , Bahar F F
Published: January 2021

The research was conducted in Naga Sari village, Muaro Jambi regency, from February 2020 to June 2020. The design applied was a group-randomized design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was the California variety (V1) and ruby rise red variety (V2). The second factor was chicken manure distribution: without fertilizer distribution (P0), 50 g of (P1), 100 of (P2), 150 of (P3), and 200 of (P4). The result of this research showed that the distribution of 150 g has a real impact on the plant’s height and stem diameter, and the number of fruits on 5 Months After Cultivating to 6 Months After Cultivating. Variety treatment doesn’t have a real impact on the papaya observation parameter. The interaction among the varieties with a dose of chicken manure has a real impact on plant height, stem diameter, and a number of the leaf. Qualitative data from papaya varieties showed fruit color and taste experiment gets the real impact. The impact of papaya plants and chicken manure showed a good growth tendency on palm oil cultivated with ruby rise red papaya as the side plant. The organoleptic test shows that the variety of Ruby papaya is preferred.
Morphophysiological characteristics and yields of black rice (Oryza sativa L. Indica) induced by gamma rays 100 gy at m3 generation
Authors: Awanis S , Parjanto  , Purwanto E
Published: January 2021

Black rice is a popular local rice and has potential to be developed due to having benefit for health. The high crop posture, long time period for cultivating, and low productivity being limitation factors for black rice cultivation. Induced mutation using irradiation of gamma rays was expected to produce M3 mutant black rice that has better agronomic and physiological properties. The aims of this research were to examine morphophysiological characters by growth analysis and yield performance on M3 generation of local black rice varieties from Boyolali and Bantul as a result of 100 Gy gamma ray irradiation. The observational data were analysed descriptively and compared to local black rice varieties at a dose of 100 Gy with the control plants (without irradiation) through T-test analysis. The result showed morphophysiological character on M3 mutant black rice of Bantul varieties with dose 100 Gy based on growth analysis showed that the value of NAR, SLW, and CGR is high on 2–4 WAP. Bantul 0 Gy had a high increase of LAI on 2–4 WAP. Mutation that occurs on mutant M3 black rice at a dose of 100 Gy causing short plant height, but the yield components were still low.
Consumer acceptance of chocolate formulated with functional ingredient
Authors: Muhammad D R A , Zulfa F , Purnomo D , Widiatmoko C , Fibri D L N
Published: January 2021

Giving added-value on locally-based agricultural products such as mung bean, fenugreek seed and moringa leaf is considered as an effective way to support the sustainability of agriculture and environment. In this study, powdered mung bean, fenugreek seed and moringa leaf were added into chocolate bar formula. The purpose of this study was specifically to determine the effect of powdered mung bean, fenugreek seed and moringa leaf addition on the consumer acceptance of chocolate bar. The ingredients were added at concentration of 5%, 10% and 15%. A 7-point scale scoring method was used to perform a hedonic test with 60 panellists for colour, taste, texture, aroma and overall attributes. One-way ANOVA followed by DMRT was carried out to analyse the result statistically. The results show that the addition of mung bean, fenugreek seed and moringa leaf significantly decrease the panelists’ acceptance on the chocolate bar at all parameters. As such, the chocolate control obtained an overall score of 6.2 while the chocolate formulated with mung bean, fenugreek seed and moringa leaf got a score range of 3.8–4.7, 2.1–2.9 and 4.5–4.8, respectively. The similar trends were also found at aroma and taste attributes. The decrease of panelists’ acceptance depended on the type of the additional ingredient. The results obtained in this study show the importance of ingredient selection in the making of functional chocolate.
Effect of different vegetable oils in rations on chemical quality of local duck meat
Authors: Wati A K , Hadi R F , Sudiyono
Published: January 2021

Duck meat is one of the poultry food products that is high in nutritional content. This study aimed to determine the effect of vegetable oil in the ration on the chemical quality of local duck meat. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a unidirectional pattern with 4 treatments, each treatment consisting of 6 replications and each replication consisted of 6 ducks. The treatments in this study include; P1: (96% basal ration + 4% palm oil); P2: (96% basal ration + 4% canola oil); P3: (96% basal ration + 4% coconut oil) and P4: (96% basal ration + 4% soybean oil). The observed variables were chemical quality of meat (collagen, fat, water content, and protein). The data obtained were analyzed by variance analysis and the real difference test between treatments. The results showed that the use of vegetable oil was a significant effect (P<0.05) on the duck meat protein but was not significantly different (P>0.05) on collagen, fat, and water content. It can be concluded that the addition of vegetable oil in the ration can increase the protein of local duck meat but did not affect collagen, fat, and water content.
Water use, water use efficiency, water soluble carbohydrate and yield of four varieties of wheat in continuously high temperatures
Authors: Zubaidi A , Anugrahwati D R , Gill G , McDonald G K
Published: January 2021

High temperatures are a common feature of the environment of tropical regions such as Lombok Island and although the effect can be alleviated by altitude, heat stress will be an important limitation to the productivity of wheat in this environment. The objectives of the experiment were to observe the responses of water use (WU), water use efficiency (WUE) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) to high temperatures on growth and yield of wheat under controlled conditions. In this experiment plants were grown under growth chambers at temperatures to simulate low and high elevation locations on Lombok Island. Water use, water use efficiency, WSC and yield of 4 wheat genotypes (2 Australian and 2 Indonesian varieties) grown at 3 temperatures (32°/23°C, 28°/20°C, and 25°/15°C day/night) were compared. Variation in water use, water use efficiency, and the concentration of water soluble carbohydrate was found. Indonesian wheat varieties, Nias and Dewata produced higher yield and biomass and maintaining higher rates of water use and remobilisation of water soluble carbohydrate from vegetative tissues to grain. The accumulation of water soluble carbohydrates was an important adaptive characteristic that was strongly associated with grain weight and grains per spikelet and maintained better yield.
The role of silicon on content of proline, protein and abscisic acid on soybean under drought stress
Authors: Koentjoro Y , Sukendah  , Purwanto E , Purnomo D
Published: January 2021

Silicon is the second most abundant in the soil and Silicon could be considered as an essential element in many crops to enhancing growth and alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses. Silicon present exclusively and absorbed by plants in the form of silicic acid. Drought stress that occurs in plants inhibit of several metabolic processes in plant tissue, so that the availability of sufficient water in the soil becomes very important in plant cultivation. Plants have different adaptability to drought conditions, one of the efforts to increase plant resistance in conditions of limited water availability can be done with physiological engineering through controlling levels of proline, protein and abscisic acid, by giving silicon as an element that is known to increase power plants against drought. The results showed that silicon had closely related to decreased content of proline and abscisic acid, an increased in silicon concentration tended to decrease proline (R2 = 0.94) and abscisic acid (R2 = 0.95), and applying a higher silicon increased crude protein (R2 = 0.95).
Mycorrhiza biofertilizer and intercropping with soybean increase anthocyanin contents and yield of upland red rice under aerobic irrigation systems
Authors: Wangiyana W , Aryana I G P M , Dulur N W D
Published: January 2021

Red rice kernels are known to have high antioxidant properties due to its anthocyanins, and application of mycorrhizal fungi was reported to increase grain anthocyanins. This study aimed to examine the effects of intercropping with soybean and mycorrhiza biofertilizer on grain anthocyanins and yield of upland red rice under aerobic irrigation system. The experiment was conducted in Beleke, West Lombok, Indonesia, under Split Split-Plot design with three treatment factors, i.e. upland red rice genotypes as the main plots (G04, G10), intercropping as the sub-plots (monocrop or intercropping with soybean), and mycorrhiza as the sub-sub-plots (without or with mycorrhiza). Results indicated that intercropping and mycorrhiza application significantly increased grain anthocyanin contents and yield, but rice genotypes showed differences only in grain yield per clump. However, there was a three-way interaction on percentage of filled grain number, and a two-way interaction on grain anthocyanins, in which mycorrhiza application resulted in more significant increases in anthocyanin contents and grain yield of the red rice under intercropping with soybean than under monocrop. Therefore, application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer and intercropping with soybean, besides increasing grain yield, are also capable of increasing health values of the red rice grown on raised-beds in aerobic irrigation system.
Species composition, structure and endemicity of flora Malesiana in the Udayana urban forest, Mataram City
Authors: Latifah S , Valentino N , Setiawan B , Muddofir M R T , Hidayati E , Nuraini  , Putra T Z
Published: January 2021

Udayana urban forest in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) province boasts the endemic Flora Malesiana. This research aims to describe the structure, composition and the authenticity of Flora Malesiana in this area. We used a census method (100% measurement) to identify the species and measured the diameter and height of all trees species with the diameter of more than 2 cm. The results showed that the 64 species belong to 27 families. The urban forest is dominated by Fabaceae family (27.39%) with its 18 species (28.13%) of plants being invasive. The species dominance index (C) is in the range of 0.00012-0.24, indicating that there is no concentration of the species in the plant community. The ecology index showed a low level for seedling, a moderate to high level for sapling and pole, and a high level for trees. The horizontal structure is almost in the form of an inverted J-curve, neither a dynamic nor a natural forest. Vertical stand structure shows that the canopy stratification in the Udayana urban forest is mostly in stratum C (91.33%).
Potential agro-industrial commodities for the development of Indonesia-Turkey economic partnership
Authors: Sumiahadi A , Direk M , Acar R
Published: January 2021

Indonesia and Turkey have different geoclimates which cause each country to produce different agricultural commodities. This presents a great opportunity for the two countries to trade these different commodities. Turkey and Indonesia have had a commercial, diplomatic, and military relationship since the 16th century as the Ottoman Empire and Aceh Sultanate. After both countries established as republic and independent countries, the bilateral relationship between two countries was rebuilt with the first trading agreement signed on September 14, 1958, followed by other cooperation and partnership agreements later on. At present, the bilateral relations between the two countries, especially in the economic sector are increasing. With the latest bilateral agreement, Indonesia-Turkey Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IT-CEPA), launched on July 6, 2017, economic cooperation between the two countries is expected to increase even more. Even though each year the value of trade between the two countries has increased, but those numbers are still far below the potential of the two countries. Therefore, it is necessary to increase trade commodities from both countries, especially agro-industrial commodities. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of some potential agro-industrial commodities to increase trade value between Indonesia and Turkey.
Growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharata) as affected by incubation time of preparation for tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) enriched liquid organic fertilizer
Authors: Puteri A R , Setyowati N , Fahrurrozi  , Muktamar Z
Published: January 2021

The use of organic fertilizers could be an alternative for synthetic fertilizer because of its high price and limited availability. Organic fertilizer is commonly found in the form of solid or liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia), a broadleaf weed containing high N, P, and K, is often used to enrich LOF. However, the quality of LOF is highly dependent on the incubation time. This study aimed to examine the influence of LOF incubation time on sweet corn plant growth and yield. This experiment was conducted at the Experiment Station, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, from August to December 2019. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD), with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were LOF prepared for four, five, six, and seven weeks of incubation. No LOF was allocated as control. The result showed that the incubation time for LOF preparation had no significant effect on plant height, the number of leaves, stem diameter, ear weight, and ear length of sweet corn. It is suggested that the preparation of Tithonia enriched LOF be incubated for four weeks.
Organic fertilizer dosages and biofilmed biofertilizer formula on nitrogen uptake and shallot yields in slightly acid soil
Authors: Sudadi  , Nurjanah M , Minardi S
Published: January 2021

Research aims to study the effect of organic fertilizer dosages and Biofilmed Biofertilizer formula on nitrogen uptake and shallot yield in Alfisols. Field experiment was conducted at Sukosari Village, Jumantono, Karanganyar district, Central Java, Indonesia. The experimental design used was Randomized Completely Block Design with two factors namely dose of organic fertilizers (D0, D1, D2) and Biofilmed biofertilizer formula (F0, F1, F2, F3). Each combination treatment repeated three times. Variables observed included N-uptake, plant fresh and dry weight, number and diameter of bulb, and shallot yield. Data was analyzed by F test at 95% of level confidence, followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if any significant influence. The result showed that organic fertilizer doses influence significantly on bulb weight, while the interaction of organic fertilizer dose and biofertilizer formula influence N uptake. Highest bulb weight achieved by the use of 20 tons ha-1 organic fertilizer (62,9 g clump-1), increase 348,65% from control treatment (14.04 g clump-1). The highest N-uptake was taken from the treatment combination of 10 tons ha-1 organic fertilizer and biofertilizer formula F1 (0,17 gr N/clumps), increase 183,33% from control treatment (0.06 g clump-1).
Improvement growth of sapodilla (Achras zapota L.) by chitosan
Authors: Yuniastuti E , Waliyyudin Q , Nandariyah  , Delfianti M N I
Published: January 2021

Indonesia’s palm oil production needs to be developed; generative sapodilla cultivation has a very long growth. The effort that can be done to increase the growth of sapodilla seeds for the provision of quality seedlings. Giving chitosan expected to increase the growth of sapodilla seeds because there is chitosan content that accelerate plant growth, and age planting shorter. The aim of this research is to know the concentration and time of spraying of chitosan to be applied to generative sapodilla seeds. The study used Randomized Complete Block Design (RAKL) of 2 factors. The first factor was chitosanic concentration consisting of four levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 mL/L) and the spraying time consisted of three levels (morning, afternoon, and morning and afternoon), each treatment combination was repeated three times. that the concentration of chitosan has significant effect to the leaf area with the best treatment at 6 mL/L concentration and the time of spraying treatment had significant effect on the increase of the number of branches with the best treatment during the morning spraying.
Institutional strengthening model for Samiran Boyolali Tourist Village (Dewi Sambi) in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Andriani R A , Wibowo A , Winarno J
Published: January 2021

The development of tourist villages is an important issue which contributes to the income of developing countries such as Indonesia. One of the tourist villages that exists in the Boyolali Regency of Central Java is Samiran Boyolali Tourist Village (Dewi Sambi). The goal of this research is to identify the forms of partnership in Dewi Sambi and to formulate an institutional strengthening model to support the development of Dewi Sambi as a tourist village. This research was conducted in Samiran village. The data was obtained directly from 7 related informants - the village head, tourist village head, local leaders, and members of the tourist village. The objects studied were the natural and human resources, the institution of pokdarwis strengthening model to sustain Dewi Sambi as a tourist village is the synergy between its internal strengths (managers and members) and the external bureaucracy of Dewi Sambi. (tourism awareness group), the history, and the regional potential of this village. The results of the research show that the partnership implemented by Dewi Sambi includes 4 patterns of interaction: interaction between the government and Dewi Sambi, interaction between the ministry and Dewi Sambi, interaction between the managers and Dewi Sambi, and interaction between the members and Dewi Sambi. The institutional.
The growth curve of Gompertz and Logistic models in body weight of Ecotype Fulani Chickens (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Ridho M , Putra W P B , Sola-Ojo F E
Published: January 2021

This research aimed to estimate the growth curve of body weight in Ecotype Fulani (EF) chickens. Two growth curves of Logistic (L)and Gompertz (G) models were performed in this study. 211 birds were used in this study for growth curve analysis. Research showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) in both curves were similar (0.99). Hence, the standard error in G model was lower than L model in each sex group. The bird’s adult weight were 1575.96 g (male) or 1411.69 g (female) in L model and 2386.63 g (male) or 2250.30 g (female) in G model. The bird’s inflection weight was 787.98 g (male) or 705.85 g (female) in L model and 877.44 g (male) or 827.32 g (female) in G model. The bird’s inflection time were 13.58 week (male) or 15.58 week (female) L model and 18.57 week (male) or 13.89 week (female) in G model. The bird’s maximum growth rate were 78.80 g/wk (male) or 63.53 g/wk (female) in L model and 61.42 g/wk (male) or 74.46 g/wk (female) in G mode. It was concluded that the growth curve of G model was accurate to predict the body weight of EF chickens from hatching to adult age.
Remote Controlled Pick and Place Robot
Authors: Prabhakar Meenakshi , Paulraj Valenteena , Karthi Kannappan Dhusyant Arumukam , Dhanraj Joshuva Arockia , Ganapathy Deenadayalan
Published: January 2021

In today’s world sales and demand for products has grown exponentially. There is always a need of the products in a huge count in terms of production, handling of such a huge count of products is not possible without automation process but the instruments used of such automation process is of high cost which is not feasible for the small scale industries to implement such a high-cost machine for their use cases. To overcome the above problem of handling the products, a low-cost pick and place robot has been designed for handling the products, this robot is designed based on RRT:R configuration for the robot body, with this configuration this robot can handle products in complex positions. This robot is featured with the six DOF (degrees of freedom) for its movement. This robot is a tele-operated robot that can be controlled using a specialized mobile application developed using MIT APP INVENTOR 2 which makes the user use this robot without any special support for controlling, this robot gives a hassle-free experience for the user who is controlling the robot. By using this robot pick and place tasks can be simplified and the process can be automated and the rate of product handling can be increased.
Simulation of Grasp Localization Inferences for a Dual-Arm Collaborative Robot
Authors: Josin Hippolitus A , Senthilnathan R. , Malla Omar
Published: January 2021

Grasp Localization is an important problem in robotic manipulators which fundamentally aims at estimating a pose for the end effector which ensures that the object intended to be grasped does not slip off. This estimation is achieved through exteroceptive sensors used in robots such as vision systems which through features and learning-based approaches. One of the fundamental means to validate such an approach is by simulating the grasp routine for any given geometry and its probable grasp poses. This paper presents the details of a simulation work involving a dual-arm collaborative robot with each arm consisting of seven degrees of freedom. The dual-arm robot performs a grasp routine for a geometry that is imported from CAD software. To perform the simulation the various attributes of the robot are to be observed since the simulated robot is a mimic of a commercially available one.
Robust Design of Smart Lawn Cutter for Gardening Companion
Authors: Balaji A , Shanthini E R , Rooshan M J , Sivaram V
Published: January 2021

This work discussed the fabricated model of android based grass cutter in agricultural field by implementing the new innovative concept with simpler construction and easy working. The cutting motor is employed to cut the grass in the field and the same is controlled by smartphone application. The components that are used to control the grass cutting level involve motor and gear arrangement. Below the gear arrangement, the cutting blade is fixed. And this arrangement will be simple and highly efficient for grass height adjustment system with up/down process motor. DC motor up and down motion is made using the rack and pinion gear setup. And then grass cutting motor on off control system will be achieved through android application. This application is connected to the Bluetooth communication for automatic the process. This work is motivated on preparation of the beneficial power basis for grass cutting process which is not reliant on the climates state and also prompt on its work. This setup is completely controlled using smart phone. In future, the automation of the device will play the most important role in world wide. In the meantime, technologies are merging with environmental awareness, consumers are looking for ways to contribute to the relief of their own carbon footprints.
Hydrodynamic Modeling and Design of Robotic Fish using Slender Body Theory
Authors: Duraisamy Palmani , Santhanakrishnan Manigandan Nagarajan
Published: January 2021

Design of bio-inspired robotic fish has been an important area of research for applications such as water quality monitoring, aquatic animal behavioral study and underwater exploration. The modeling of robotic fish requires high dimensional analysis, which increases the design complexity. To address this complexity, approximate models are preferred and frequently used in the design of robotic fishes. The accuracy of these models mainly relies on various hydrodynamic parameter identification of which drag coefficient estimation is highly challenging. This paper utilizes a simple deceleration motion model to estimate the drag coefficient effectively so that the linearization error is reduced. The non-linearity in the deceleration model is simplified and mapped as a linear model to predict the drag coefficient. The estimated drag coefficient is used for dynamic modeling of robotic fish using slender body theory. The dynamic model is validated through experimental setup using accelerometer and visual sensor data. The maximum swimming speed of 0.32 ms-1 is achieved at 1.2 Hz caudal fin oscillations.
Line following robots on factory floors: Significance and Simulation study using CoppeliaSim
Authors: Oswal Saharsh , Saravanakumar D
Published: January 2021

Line following robots has been around for many years now. Research and development of these robots have been keenly studied and examined for many industrial applications. Line following robots can provide maximum effectiveness to in-house transportation of jobs inside a factory, which is traditionally done by forklifts and different types of cranes. These traditional methods are high maintenance and extremely unsafe for the employees. This paper presents the design, assembly and dynamic simulation of a line following robot integrated with a proximity sensor for collision avoidance and vision sensors for line tracking. The model is designed using Autodesk Inventor 2018 and the assembly and simulation is carried out using CoppeliaSim software. This simulation study intends to provide significance of the implementation of such robots on a factory floor, which can cover a path of distance 10 meters in approximately 8 seconds.