bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling Dexamethasone-Induced Neurobehavioral and Sleep Problems in Children With ALL: Which Determinants Are Important?
Authors: van Hulst Annelienke M. , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Verwaaijen Emma J. , van Litsenburg Raphaële R.L. , Li Letao , van Zelst Bertrand D. , Broer Linda , Pluijm Saskia M.F. , Pieters Rob , Fiocco Marta , van den Akker Erica L.T. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M.
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE

Dexamethasone, the preferred corticosteroid in most treatment protocols for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), can induce undesirable side effects. Neurobehavioral and sleep problems are frequently reported, but the interpatient variability is high. We therefore aimed to identify determinants for parent-reported dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral and sleep problems in pediatric ALL.

METHODS

Our prospective study included patients with medium-risk ALL and their parents during maintenance treatment. Patients were assessed before and after one 5-day dexamethasone course. Primary end points were parent-reported dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral and sleep problems, measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, respectively. Analyzed determinants included patient and parent demographics, disease and treatment characteristics, parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index and Distress Thermometer for Parents), dexamethasone pharmacokinetics, and genetic variation (candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs41423247 and rs4918). Statistically significant determinants identified in univariable logistic regression analyses were incorporated in a multivariable model.

RESULTS

We included 105 patients: median age was 5.4 years (range, 3.0-18.8) and 61% were boys. Clinically relevant dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral and sleep problems were reported by parents in 70 (67%) and 61 (59%) patients, respectively. In our multivariable regression models, we identified parenting stress as a significant determinant for parent-reported neurobehavioral (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.26) and sleep problems (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10). Furthermore, parents who experienced more stress before start of a dexamethasone course reported more sleep problems in their child (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.32).

CONCLUSION

We identified parenting stress, and not dexamethasone pharmacokinetics, genetic variation, patient/parent demographics, or disease/treatment characteristics, as a significant determinant for parent-reported dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral and sleep problems. Parenting stress may be a modifiable target to reduce these problems.
Renal and Electrolyte Disorders and the Nervous System
Authors: Ghoshal Shivani
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Neurologic complications are a major contributor to death and disability in patients with renal disease. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, accelerated arteriosclerosis, and uremic inflammatory milieu affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This article reviews the unique contributions of renal impairment to neurologic disorders and their common clinical manifestations as the prevalence of renal disease increases in a globally aging population.

LATEST DEVELOPMENT

Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiologic interplay between the kidneys and brain, also referred to as thekidney-brain axis, have led to more widespread recognition of associated changes in neurovascular dynamics, central nervous system acidification, and uremia-associated endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Acute kidney injury increases mortality in acute brain injury to nearly 5 times that seen in matched controls. Renal impairment and its associated increased risks of intracerebral hemorrhage and accelerated cognitive decline are developing fields. Dialysis-associated neurovascular injury is increasingly recognized in both continuous and intermittent forms of renal replacement therapy, and treatment strategies for its prevention are evolving.

ESSENTIAL POINTS

This article summarizes the effects of renal impairment on the central and peripheral nervous systems with special considerations in acute kidney injury, patients requiring dialysis, and conditions that affect both the renal and nervous systems.
From Theocracy to Monarchy: Authority and Legitimacy in Inner Oman, 1935–1957
Authors: Eickelman Dale
Published: June 2023

In principle, the theocracy of the twentieth-century Imamate of the northern Oman interior, ruled by an imam, was incompatible with the royal authority of Sultan Sa‘id bin Taymur (r. 1932–70). In practice, the points of collaboration were many. Seen from the vantage of ordinary tribespeople, the Imamate was a government. In the words of a former member of the Imamate's militia in 1980, “It killed; it taxed; it imprisoned.” The Ibadi imam had fourteen governors to represent his authority. Many qadis (judges) worked for both the Imamate and the Sultanate, always after first seeking permission from the Imam. Many judges often divided their time annually between the lands governed directly by the Imam and those of the Sultan. Several key incidents from the 1940s through the mid-1950s indicate the level of tacit cooperation, including 1952 support for combined military action to expel Saudis from an oasis in Buraimi. In the 1950s, Sultan Sa‘id was initially successful in assimilating the former domains under imamate control into direct Sultanate rule. He had, after all, assured tribal leaders that he would preserve what was essentially Islamic in the life of the interior—except of course for the nature of rule at the top. He preserved the status quo but by the 1960s it became increasingly obvious that he was unwilling or unable to face the shifting perceptions of “just” Islamic rule and the country's economic stagnation and desperate poverty.
On Being Present to History: Historicity and Brigand Spirits in Madagascar
Authors: Lambek Michael
Published: June 2023

This article explores the unexpected arrival of new spirits in possession of young spirit mediums at an annual ceremony in Majunga, Madagascar. In it, the author explores the significance of the event for local politics, but also uses it to exemplify a form of historicity distinct from that of Euro-American historicism, with respect to both the structure of historical temporality and the nature of historical truth/knowledge, experience, responsiveness, and action. The article further argues that the action of the spirits or mediums is simultaneously an interpretation of circumstances and that one might think more broadly of historical action as interpretive.
Predator preferences: a key to effective biological control design
Authors: Steven Winnie , Ombeni Kishimbo , Kweka Eliningaya J. , Kimirei Merikinoi , Cleopa, Cecilia
Published: June 2023

Objetctive: This experimental study aimed to assess the preference of Gambusia affinis to mosquito larvae of An.gambiae s.s., Cx. quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. Method: Three Gambusia affinis were introduced in a glass container with a dimension of 45cm x 25cmx 25cm. Three larvae densities were used, 90 (30 larvae per species), 120 (40 larvae per species), and 180 (60 larvae per species). Each density experiment was set in triplicate and monitored after 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours. No fish food was added to the container for larvae. Results: Results have shown that in all times A. aegypti has been the most preferred species by Gambusia affinis. Among the tested species, A. aegypti was most prayed with time and in different densities. In mixed models including density, species, and time there was no significant difference among the species predation. Conclusion: Preliminary results have shown that the appropriate choice of predators for each mosquito species can have a great impact on bio-control to substantially complement existing tools.
Avaliação do perfil metabólico dos pacientes transplantados do coração no Hospital de Messejana
Authors: Pimentel Letícia Freitas , Martins Letícia Maria Perdigão , Portela Juliana Gomes , Gurgel Maria Helane Costa , Esmeraldo Arthur Rafhael Amorim Alves
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: Este estudo visa avaliar o perfil metabólico de pacientes que foram submetidos a TxC em um centro de referência do estado do Ceará. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo, em que se avaliaram 110 pacientes receptores de TxC no Hospital de Messejana de Fortaleza, no período de 2011 a 2018, por meio de uma ficha clínica. Resultados: observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes era do gênero masculino (76,5%), e a média de idade foi de 46,26 ± 12,73 anos. Entre os pacientes, observou-se que previamente à cirurgia, 42,5% tinham histórico familiar de doença cardíaca, 40,1% estavam com sobrepeso e 15% eram diabéticos. A classe de medicação mais utilizada para as doenças de bases foram os diuréticos, inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina e bloqueadores de receptores da angiotensina. A principal etiologia que levou à necessidade do TxC foi a miocardiopatia isquêmica. Conclusões: Nesta amostra, a doença de base com maior prevalência que levou ao transplante foi a miocardiopatia isquêmica. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou rejeição
As vantagens de ser um outsider: uma reflexão sobre a dinâmica do campo intelectual do pós-Guerra a partir de Norbert Elias
Authors: Tedesco Alexandra Dias Ferraz
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo procura analisar a emergência e consolidação de uma zona híbrida de legitimação intelectual a partir dos anos 1940 e das reconfigurações no próprio conceito de universidade que a Guerra Fria engendra. Essa análise é feita levando em conta a rede de intelectuais liberais que se agruparam em torno da Mont Pèlerin Society. Quero sugerir que essa dinâmica altera significativamente o significado público da posição de outsider, positivando-o em comparação ao discurso professoral clássico da universidade. A hipótese é que essa mudança de percepção valorativa sobre a condição social dos outsiders nos ajuda a compreender as dinâmicas contemporâneas de crítica e crise da universidade, bem como a emergência de instâncias paralelas de enunciação do conhecimento, algumas delas pouco comprometidas com os procedimentos e metodologias científicas. Para realizar o cotejo entre essas duas dimensões – uma propriamente histórica e outra de ordem conceitual – sugiro um percurso crítico à algumas obras do sociólogo alemão Norbert Elias.
Regime de espacialização da educação pública: projetos de universidade, políticas de educação e saber histórico no Brasil (1964-2020)
Authors: Santos Wagner Geminiano dos
Published: June 2023

Este artigo procura pensar a produção do saber histórico no Brasil na sua relação com as políticas públicas de educação, os papeis assumidos pela universidade no pós-golpe de 1964 até os dias atuais. Discute também como o conhecimento histórico acadêmico foi produzido a partir da criação do Sistema Nacional de Pós-graduação (SNPG). O texto está dividido em quatro partes, na primeira e segunda, discuto a criação das universidades no Brasil, para em seguida fazer uma reflexão sobre a reforma universitária de 1968 e situá-la dentro da discussão que estabelece a criação de um Sistema Nacional de Ensino. Na terceira, discuto a criação do SNPG e o seu funcionamento no interior das universidades. Por fim, apresento o conceito de regimes de espacialização como ferramenta heurística para pensar a relação entre políticas de educação, universidade, SNPG e conhecimento histórico.
Public awareness and knowledge of palliative care in Jordan
Authors: Abuelzeet Amaleid Y , Zeilani Ruqayya , Othman Elham H
Published: June 2023

Background:

Public perceptions of palliative care (PC) are crucial to enhance access to PC services and foster a sense of control over health decisions for people at the end of life.

Purpose:

To assess public knowledge of PC in Jordan.

Method:

A descriptive cross-sectional design with a stratified self-administered sample of 430 Jordanian citizens from all sectors in Jordan was used. Participants filled out the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale questionnaire. Data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistics; descriptive, t-test, analysis of variance and regression test.

Results:

The mean score on the 13-item Palliative Care Knowledge Scale was 3.51±4.71 (out of 13). This indicates a low level of knowledge about PC among participants; 78.6% (n=338) of the participants had not heard about PC. Participants who worked in health fields, had post-graduate degrees and a high income showed higher awareness of PC than others in the study. Most participants learnt about PC from family members.

Conclusion:

There is a lack of knowledge of palliative care in Jordanian public society. There is a crucial need to raise public awareness, and implement educational interventions to improve public awareness about palliative care.
The Investigation of Students' Writing Skills in Learning English as a Second Language in Indonesia
Authors: Suharyat Yayat , Lusiana Lusiana
Published: June 2023

Implementing an English curriculum, especially one from outside Indonesia, is risky. Some schools produce positive outcomes, while others produce the opposite. This study aims to evaluate the difficulties of learning English from writing abilities using the Cambridge Curriculum in Indonesia. This study employed a qualitative approach that included interviews with students, school administrators, English instructors, and curriculum coordinators (n = 7) and documentation and observation, which served as data validation instruments. The results of the study indicate that, of the four language skills: reading, writing, speaking, and listening, the scores for reading and writing skills were not as predicted. The maximum score for Cambridge English was 6, and of the two skills measured, notably writing, the score was 3. This conclusion highlights the need to prepare English teacher credentials per Cambridge standards. This research has consequences for the design of learning English, which can help students improve their writing skills to meet Cambridge's maximum grade criteria.
Transfer Printing Process of Bio-Based Nylon 56 and Cotton Interwoven Fabrics
Authors: Chu Runshan , Zhang Yanbo , Li Ling , Xing Tieling , Chen Guoqing
Published: June 2023

Using Annosol Reactive Blue DS dye as the colorant, an inkjet printing ink was developed, and its rheological properties and dynamic surface tension were evaluated for its use in dry heat transfer printing of patterns on bio-based nylon 56 and cotton interwoven fabrics. In particular, the effects of the dry heat transfer printing parameters on the printing properties of the ink on bio-based nylon 56 and cotton interwoven fabrics were investigated. The results revealed that the optimal parameters of the dry heat transfer printing of the custom-produced ink on bio-based nylon 56 and cotton interwoven fabrics are as follows: hot pressing at 130 °C under 3MPa pressure, steamer at 102 °C, and saturated steaming for 15min. The color fastness to both soap wash and rubbing of the bio-based nylon 56 and cotton interwoven fabrics dyed with Annosol Reactive Blue DS through dry heat transfer printing were determined to be of grades 3–4 and above, meeting the color fastness requirements of printed fabrics.
O MOVIMENTO PUNK COMO UMA PREMONIÇÃO DA ERA DO ENFRENTAMENTO
Authors: Marina Macêdo da Matta Simões  , Jolanta Rekawek
Published: June 2023

Ao discutir as tendências da sociedade tardomoderna do século XXI, o filósofo Byung-Chul Han (2018) alerta sobre o medo que temos da alteridade e como este medo nos leva à progressiva eliminação do distinto. Optando por priorizar o igual que aniquila a singularidade do ser humano, o mundo, em que estamos vivendo, nos priva de experiências que o encontro com a alteridade nos poderia proporcionar. Neste mundo polido e aparentemente sem obstáculos, a nossa liberdade é regulada pelo poder neoliberal que, para nos dominar, usa a estratégia de nos seduzir em lugar do recurso da punição, típico da estratégia do poder na sociedade disciplinaria (FOUCAULT, 1979).
Combined Raman and polarized sensitive digital holographic imaging for the identification of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Mangini Maria , Ferrara Maria Antonietta , Zito Gianluigi , Managò Stefano , Luini Alberto , Coppola Giuseppe , De Luca Anna Chiara
Published: June 2023

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cells coming from a solid tumor mass and circulating in the bloodstream of cancer patients. These cells have gained increasing attention since, they can provide diagnostic and prognosis information on cancer patients. When isolated from body fluid, CTCs can be used ex vivo for studying tumor genetic and biochemical characteristics as well as drug response. All these features make CTCs an ideal tumor biomarker (liquid biopsy). Unfortunately, the available methods for studying and isolation of CTCs have great limitations since they are not universal for all tumor types and are often destructive hampering ex vivo expansion and study. Here in, we present a combined Raman microspectroscopy (RM) and polarization sensitive digital holographic imaging (PSDHI) approach for identification of cancer cells among healthy ones. Our method exploits the Warburg effect, a cancer metabolic feature that is common to almost all type of cancer and the formation of lipid droplets. This makes our label-free and non-destructive approach virtually suitable for all type of tumors.
Leaky MoS2 split-nanoring resonators for detection of small bioanalytes
Authors: Nandi Dipanjan , Pico Andres Forero , Gupta Manisha
Published: June 2023

Leaky MoS2 split-nanorings array are proposed to detect small size bioanalytes by measuring the resonance wavelength shift. The resonance field leaks out to the top surface and target bioanalytes disturb the resonance field.
Reduction of Graphene Oxide and its Impact on the Sensitivity of an Optical Biosensing System
Authors: Mancera-Zapata Diana Lorena , Morales-Narváez Eden
Published: June 2023

Due its extraordinary optical properties, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) favors the analytical performance in our GO-FRET-based biosensing platform. In this work, we are developing a GO/rGO-based biosensing platform to optimize the sensitivity of this system.
Towards Two-Color Fluorescence Imaging for Diagnosis of Microbial Keratitis
Authors: Herzog Joshua M. , Sick Volker
Published: June 2023

Novel methods are needed for diagnosis of microbial keratitis. Two-color fluorescence imaging is proposed and tested on ex vivo porcine eyes. Results show the technique may be feasible but further quantitative characterization is needed.
Initial Comparison of Optical and Ultrasound Imaging in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Marone Alessandro , Tang Wei , Bardien Moegammad A. , Inzerillo Sean , Maheshwari Nisha , Gaikwad Vedant , Khalili Leila , Kim Stephen HK. , Askanase Anca D. , Hielscher Andreas H.
Published: June 2023

We compared frequency-domain optical tomographic (FDOT) imaging of the finger joints of systemic lupus erythematosus patients to ultrasound imaging. FDOT correlated well with ultrasound, the two techniques are effective in differentiating healthy and affected joints.
All-fiber photometry based on a novel, low-autofluorescence wideband multimode circulator
Authors: Formozov Andrey , Lamarre Joseph , Dieter Alexander , Majeau Lucas , Wiegert J. Simon , Beaudette Kathy
Published: June 2023

Here, we present a wideband multimode circulator optimized for high transfer and transmittance of light, and low-autofluorescence. It is suitable for fiber photometry and optogenetics, allowing the inference of brain activity in awake mouse.
Transabdominal fetal signals measurement using fiber-based frequency-modulated continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy in a fetal lamb model
Authors: Liu Shing-Jiuan , Lee Su Yeon , Pivetti Christopher , Kulubya Edwin , Wang Aijun , Farmer Diana L. , Ghiasi Soheil , Yang Weijian
Published: June 2023

We propose a novel transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry using frequency-modulated continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy. By measuring the time-resolved reflectance of light shined on pregnant sheep's abdomen, we experimentally recovered the fetal signals originating from deep tissue.
Dual-wavelength interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy (iNIRS)
Authors: Mazumder Dibbyan , Kholiqov Oybek , Srinivasan Vivek J.
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate an interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy (iNIRS) instrument, operating simultaneously at two wavelengths, for quantification of optical properties of turbid media. Measurements are demonstrated on a fluid phantom.
Intravital Longitudinal Visualization of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Lucia Stephani Edwina , Jeon Jehwi , Choi Jieun , Kim Pilhan
Published: June 2023

Longitudinal cellular-level imaging of pancreatic tumor microenvironment at the same site in the pancreas of preclinical mouse model was achieved by using intravital dual-mode two- photon and confocal microscope combined with pancreas imaging window.
Evaluation of Steatosis in Human Liver Specimens Using an Ambient Light-compatible Raman Spectroscopy Approach
Authors: Guo Hao , Stueck Ashley E. , Tikhomirov Alexey B. , Zeng Haishan , Alwayn Ian P.J. , Gala-Lopez Boris L. , Mahadevan-Jansen Anita , Locke Andrea K. , Hewitt Kevin C.
Published: June 2023

We analyzed 70 human liver tissue samples using a filter-based 1064-nm Raman system and Oil Red O staining. The system effectively differentiated low/high-risk liver macrosteatosis, with an area under the operating characteristic curve of 0.92.
Feasibility Study of Photogrammetry-based 3D Dental Imaging
Authors: Yang Bin , Schinke Jennifer , Rastegar Amir , Tanyeri Melikhan , Viator John A.
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate that the 3D shape of a dental model can be faithfully reconstructed using photogrammetry and a low-cost imaging setup. Higher reconstruction quality can be achieved under diffuse illumination without specular reflection suppression.
Deep Learning for Time-Domain Diffuse Optical Tomography Reconstructions by Unrolling a Sensitivity Equation-based Algorithm
Authors: Wang Fay , Hielscher Andreas H. , Kim Stephen H.
Published: June 2023

We have developed a neural network based on algorithm unrolling techniques to overcome challenges in the DOT inverse problem. Results from numerical and phantom experiments show the network's capability for high-speed and accurate DOT reconstructions.
Intrinsic Stochastic Fluorescence Spectra and Photophysical Parameters of Nucleic Acids under Visible Light Illumination
Authors: Gong Ruyi , Almassalha Luay , Backman Vadim
Published: June 2023

The spectra and photophysical parameters of DNA molecules under visible light illumination of different wavelengths are measured for the first time, which may lead to a new label-free super-resolution imaging technique.
A remote-control, smartphone-based automatic 3D scanning system for fNIRS/DOT applications
Authors: Xia Yunjia , Wang Kui , Billing Addison , Cooper Robert J. , Zhao Hubin
Published: June 2023

We present a remote-control, smartphone-based scanning system that can achieve a full-head 3D scan of an infant within 2 seconds. The scanned images can then be automatically aligned to generate a 3D head surface model.
5-HT2A Receptor Agonism Changes Neuronal Network Activity and Disrupts Neurovascular Coupling in Mice
Authors: Padawer-Curry Jonah , Siegel Joshua S. , McCall Jordan G. , Nicol Ginger E. , Bauer Adam Q.
Published: June 2023

Thy1-jRGECO1a mice were imaged under awake, resting-state conditions
using wide-field optical imaging. Non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2a receptor
agonism significantly reduced neuronal and hemodynamic bilateral
functional connectivity, activity, and neurovascular coupling in a
region- and frequency-band-specific manner.
Imaging of dendrites and sparse interneuronal networks with 3D random access microscopy
Authors: Rózsa Balázs , Szadai Zoltán , Judák Linda , Chiovini Balázs , Juhász Gábor , Ócsai Katalin , Pálfi Dénes , Mezriczky Zsolt , Szalay Gergely , Katona Gergely , Mihály Anna , Szepesi Áron , Mucsi Zoltán , Roska Botond , Pi Hyun-Jae , Chevy Quentin , Albeanu Florin , Kepecs Adam
Published: June 2023

Acousto-optical microscopy is a powerful tool to study spare networks and extensive dendritic arborization from the cortex of behaving animals. We used this novel approach for imaging dendrites and somata of sparse interneuron populations in a combination with auditory discrimination and detection tasks. Our results shed light of not yet known subcellular and network mechanisms from multiple brain regions.
Quasi-linear Relationship Between Phase Difference and Optical Path Length in Wide-field Interferometric Scattering Microscopy for Axial Localization of Single Particles
Authors: Wei Liaoliao , Anyi Caroline Livan , Nie Haitao , You Hengze , Ling Tong
Published: June 2023

We report quasi-linear phase change of the point spread function (PSF) against the axial location of single particles in wide-field interferometric scattering microscopy. Such a relationship was exploited for axial localization in numerical simulations.
A Rapid Artifact-Compensated 2D Large-Field Mosaic-Stitching Approach for Real-Time Centimeter-Scale Area Nonlinear Microscopy Imaging
Authors: Sun Chi-Kuang , Borah Bhaskar Jyoti , Tseng Yao-Chen
Published: June 2023

We report a rapid artifact-compensated 2D large-field mosaic-stitching (rac2D-LMS) approach streamlined to a nonlinear optical microscope being capable to image a 12×12 mm2 area with 130 G bits of data in 60 seconds without post-processing.
Fast structured illumination microscopy for deep tissue super-resolution imaging
Authors: Shen Shuhao , Du E , Long Kai , Chena Nanguang
Published: June 2023

We have implemented structured illumination in a fast-scanning confocal microscope. Significant reduction in background and noise has been accomplished. It is further augmented by image resan to enable real-time acquisition of super-resolution images.
Real-time polarimetric microscopy of biological tissue
Authors: Fernández Ariel , Demczylo Roman
Published: June 2023

We present recent advances in Division of Focal Plane polarization sensing for applications to microscopy. By means of illumination engineering and polarization coding, Stokes parameters as well as Mueller matrix of biological samples can be retrieved in a snapshot.
Optical fiber tweezers for biological specimen trapping
Authors: Fick Jochen
Published: June 2023

We present an overview of optical trapping of different biological specimen such as human cells, algae or bacteria. Good trapping efficiencies were obtained using distinct micro-structured optical fibers in dual and single fiber geometries.
Localization of lipid vesicles near a thin optical fiber
Authors: Matsuyama R. , Nobusue K. , Arai N. , Honda T. , Komiya M. , Hirano-Iwata A. , Sadgrove M.
Published: June 2023

Lipid vesicles (liposomes) are structurally similar to many important biological particles, and have applications ranging from drug delivery to studies of cell dynamics. Optical manipulation of these important nanoparticles adds to the toolbox which can be used for such applications, but is notoriously difficult due to the low index contrast of the particles. Here, we demonstrate optical trapping of lipid vesicles near to a thin optical fiber (optical nanofiber) and, in particular, relative to the fiber axis itself. This “complete” optical trapping allows the reversible localization of liposomes along the fiber and may be applied to all-fiber optical analysis of size-selected isolation of liposomes and liposome-like bio-particles in the future.
On optical tweezers forces exerted by tightly focused optical vortices
Authors: Awfi Khalid Al , Lembessis Vassilis E. , Aldosssary Omar M.
Published: June 2023

An ab initio calculation of the optical tweezers force components in the Rayleigh regime is presented in the case of a tightly focused optical vortex, taking into account the previously ignored axial electric field component.
Non-conservative Levitational Optomechanics: From stochastic bifurcations to synchronization
Authors: Svak V , Brzobohatỳ O , Liška V , Arita Y , Šiler M , Jákl P , Kaňka J , Simpson SH , Wright EM , Bruce GD , Dholakia K , Zemánek P
Published: June 2023

We describe the general stochastic motion of linearly non-conservative optomechanical systems, levitated in vacuum. Theoretical results are illustrated with experiments revealing rich dynamical behaviour, including stochastic bifurcations and synchronization. Applications to sensing are discussed.
Optical tweezers with integrated multiplane microscopy
Authors: Paterson Lynn , Matheson Andrew B. , Wright Amanda J. , Mendonca Tania , Tassieri Manlio , Dalgarno Paul A.
Published: June 2023

Optical tweezer have been combined with multiplane microscopy to measure particle trajectories in three dimensions and to calculate the viscosity of the suspending media in three dimensions at micrometer length scales. The method is applicable to biological samples.
Whole-tissue margin evaluation for Mohs surgery using paired-agent imaging
Authors: Torres Veronica C. , Hodge Sassan , Chacko Rachael , Levy Joshua J. , Vaickus Louis J. , Chen Eunice Y. , LeBoeuf Matthew , Samkoe Kimberley S.
Published: June 2023

Fluorescence paired-agent imaging combined with en face margin analysis can detect positive margins in low tumor-bearing (<1% tumor volume) whole tissue samples, as demonstrated in xenograft murine models.
3D Fluorescence Lifetime Estimation Using Deep Learning
Authors: Nizam Navid Ibtehaj , Smith Jason T. , Intes Xavier
Published: June 2023

A convolutional neural network, extracting spatial features from continuous wave intensity measurements, is proposed as an end-to-end solution for accurate 3D lifetime reconstructions. In silico investigations are used to assess the proposed network.
Bayesian optimization for autoalignment of an x-ray focusing system
Authors: Kandel Saugat , Rebuffi Luca , Cha Wonsuk , Harder Ross , Shi Xianbo , Highland Matthew , Frith Matthew , Cherukara Mathew
Published: June 2023

We describe a multi-objective Bayesian Optimization routine to automatically align and stabilize an x-ray focusing system. We develop our technique in an ultra-realistic digital twin and implement it in a hard-x-ray synchrotron beamline.
Learning from the past: A short term forecast method for the COVID-19 incidence curve
Authors: Morel Jean-David , Morel Jean-Michel , Alvarez Luis
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemy has created a radically new situation where most countries provide raw measurements of their daily incidence and disclose them in real time. This enables new machine learning forecast strategies where the prediction might no longer be based just on the past values of the current incidence curve, but could take advantage of observations in many countries. We present such a simple global machine learning procedure using all past daily incidence trend curves. Each of the 27,418 COVID-19 incidence trend curves in our database contains the values of 56 consecutive days extracted from observed incidence curves across 61 world regions and countries. Given a current incidence trend curve observed over the past four weeks, its forecast in the next four weeks is computed by matching it with the first four weeks of all samples, and ranking them by their similarity to the query curve. Then the 28 days forecast is obtained by a statistical estimation combining the values of the 28 last observed days in those similar samples. Using comparison performed by the European Covid-19 Forecast Hub with the current state of the art forecast methods, we verify that the proposed global learning method,EpiLearn, compares favorably to methods forecasting from a single past curve.
Quantification of early nonpharmaceutical interventions aimed at slowing transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Navajo Nation and surrounding states (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah)
Authors: Miller Ely F. , Neumann Jacob , Chen Ye , Mallela Abhishek , Lin Yen Ting , Hlavacek William S. , Posner Richard G.
Published: June 2023

During an early period of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo Nation, much like New York City, experienced a relatively high rate of disease transmission. Yet, between January and October 2020, it experienced only a single period of growth in new COVID-19 cases, which ended when cases peaked in May 2020. The daily number of new cases slowly decayed in the summer of 2020 until late September 2020. In contrast, the surrounding states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah all experienced at least two periods of growth in the same time frame, with second surges beginning in late May to early June. Here, we investigated these differences in disease transmission dynamics with the objective of quantifying the contributions of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) (e.g., behaviors that limit disease transmission). We considered a compartmental model accounting for distinct periods of NPIs to analyze the epidemic in each of the five regions. We used Bayesian inference to estimate region-specific model parameters from regional surveillance data (daily reports of new COVID-19 cases) and to quantify uncertainty in parameter estimates and model predictions. Our results suggest that NPIs in the Navajo Nation were sustained over the period of interest, whereas in the surrounding states, NPIs were relaxed, which allowed for subsequent surges in cases. Our region-specific model parameterizations allow us to quantify the impacts of NPIs on disease incidence in the regions of interest.
The role of author identities in peer review
Authors: Shah Nihar B.
Published: June 2023

There is widespread debate on whether to anonymize author identities in peer review. The key argument for anonymization is to mitigate bias, whereas arguments against anonymization posit various uses of author identities in the review process. The Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science (ITCS) 2023 conference adopted a middle ground by initially anonymizing the author identities from reviewers, revealing them after the reviewer had submitted their initial reviews, and allowing the reviewer to change their review subsequently. We present an analysis of the reviews pertaining to the identification and use of author identities. Our key findings are: (I) A majority of reviewers self-report not knowing and being unable to guess the authors’ identities for the papers they were reviewing. (II) After the initial submission of reviews, 7.1% of reviews changed their overall merit score and 3.8% changed their self-reported reviewer expertise. (III) There is a very weak and statistically insignificant correlation of the rank of authors’ affiliations with the change in overall merit; there is a weak but statistically significant correlation with respect to change in reviewer expertise. We also conducted an anonymous survey to obtain opinions from reviewers and authors. The main findings from the 200 survey responses are: (i) A vast majority of participants favor anonymizing author identities in some form. (ii) The “middle-ground” initiative of ITCS 2023 was appreciated. (iii) Detecting conflicts of interest is a challenge that needs to be addressed if author identities are anonymized. Overall, these findings support anonymization of author identities in some form (e.g., as was done in ITCS 2023), as long as there is a robust and efficient way to check conflicts of interest.
Aggressive strategies of the COVID-19 pandemic on the apparel industry of Sri Lanka using structural equation modeling
Authors: Rajapakshe Wasantha , Karunaratna D. S. M. , Ariyaratne W. H. G. , Madushika H. A. Lakshani , Perera G. S. K. , Shamila P.
Published: June 2023

During the COVID-19 crisis, the apparel industry faced many challenges. Aggressive cost-cutting strategies became a top priority, and in turn, these influenced stressors and adversely affected business sustainability. This study examines the impact of aggressive strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic on business sustainability in the apparel industry of Sri Lanka. Further, it investigates whether the relationship between aggressive cost-cutting strategies and business sustainability was mediated by employee stress, considering aggressive cost reduction strategies and workplace environmental changes. This was a cross-sectional study with data collected from 384 employees in the apparel industry in Sri Lanka. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied to analyze the direct and indirect effects of aggressive cost reduction strategies and workplace environmental changes on sustainability with mediating effects of stress. Aggressive cost reduction strategies (Beta = 1.317, p = 0.000) and environmental changes (Beta = 0.251, p = 0.000) led to an increase in employee stress but did not affect business sustainability. Thus, employee stress (Beta = -0.028, p = 0.594) was not a mediator in the relationship between aggressive cost-cutting strategies and business sustainability; business sustainability was not a dependent variable. The findings proved that managing workplace stress, particularly improving stressful working environments and aggressive cost reduction strategies, can enhance employee satisfaction. Thus, managing employee stress could be beneficial for policymakers to focus on the area(s) required to retain competent employees. Moreover, aggressive strategies are unsuitable to apply during crisis to enhance business sustainability. The findings provide additional knowledge to the existing literature, enabling employees and employers to predict causes of stress and serve as a significant knowledge base for further studies.
Social pedagogy and citizenship education in England: an exploration with case studies involving secondary school students in London
Authors: Puni Amit , Febrer Yvalia
Published: June 2023

This article explores the theoretical underpinning of citizenship education as theorised in the Crick Report and social pedagogy as deployed in England through the Social Pedagogy Professional Association Charter and Standards of Proficiency. The aims of citizenship education in England have several parallels to contemporary concepts of social pedagogy. In the original conception of citizenship education, the subject aimed to educate the student holistically, developing well-rounded, informed young people able to participate fully in public life through the use of democratic practices in the classroom. However, over time and due to policy and practice changes in secondary education, there have been marked differences in the original conception of the subject, compared to how it is currently delivered in some schools. Despite these challenges, this article highlights strong examples of contemporary practice in citizenship education teaching in diverse London secondary schools, highlighting how features of social pedagogy are being deployed. We draw on several aspects of social pedagogy including democratic practice, community engagement, diversity and inclusion, and student agency, illustrating the clear links between citizenship education and social pedagogy in England, as well as outlining some of the key differences.
Estado nutricional autopercibido y riesgo cardiovascular en grupos étnicos de adultos de La Guajira colombiana
Authors: Di Zoppola Martinez Yaina Panciera , Niño Restrepo Juan , Melo Freile José , Ortiz Moncada Rocío
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: Determinar la autopercepción del estado nutricional y el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) de los grupos étnicos de La Guajira colombiana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo-transversal en 233 individuos adultos de zonas urbanas en tres municipios de La Guajira. Se evaluó la autopercepción del estado nutricional, la intención de realizar actividad física (AF), estado nutricional, calculando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el riesgo cardiovascular a través del índice cintura-cadera [Ci/Ca]), estas se relacionaron con el grupo étnico (afrocolombiano, indígena y no étnico) y el estrato socioeconómico (1, 2 y ?3). Se calcularon Odd Ratios (OR) para determinar la relación entre el RCV y el resto de las variables. Resultados: El 56,7 % de la muestra fueron mujeres, un 38,2 % afrocolombianos, un 32,2 % conformado por población indígena. El 65,2 % no contemplaba realizar AF y el 58,4 % presentó una autopercepción de su estado nutricional normal. Se encontró además que solo un 39,5 % presentó un IMC normal; un 48,5 % presentó un alto RCV. Se observó un alto RCV en mujeres afrocolombianas (OR= 3,22; IC 95 % 1,3-7,8) e indígenas (OR= 4,35; IC 95 % 1,7-10,9) en comparación con mujeres no étnicas (OR= 1, condición de referencia); así mismo, un mayor RCV en mujeres y hombres con sobrepeso y obesidad (p ? 0,05). Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de RCV en la población de La Guajira, especialmente en las mujeres afrocolombianas e indígenas, siendo el IMC un indicador asociado al RCV en ellas
Descripción de la composición corporal en una cohorte de oficiales activos en el Ejército de Colombia
Authors: Umbarila Espinosa Luz Marina , Tuta Quintero Eduardo , Botero Rosas Daniel
Published: June 2023

Resumen: La composición corporal en población militar es indispensable en la caracterización del estado nutricional, representando la acumulación total en tejidos y órganos de nutrientes adquiridos por la interacción de como la actividad física. Objetivo: Describir y analizar variables de la CP datos recolectados de una muestra de oficiales del Ejército Nacional de Colombia. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo entre oficiales evaluados por medio de pruebas de ergo espirometría con la finalidad determinar la composición corporal y bioimpedancia con el estado nutricional como un indicador de riesgos sobre la salud, utilizando un tallímetro, báscula con precisión de 100 gramos, cinta antropométrica flexible y una amplitud menor a los 7 mm, compás de pequeños diámetros y de pliegues cutáneos. Se considera una p estadísticamente significativa <0,05. Resultados: La muestra de oficiales recolectada está compuesta por un total de 96 sujetos con una división de rangos militares de la siguiente manera: teniente (n= 28), capitán (n=23), mayor (n=15), teniente coronel (n=10), subteniente (n=4) y coronel (n=1). La diferencia de edad y peso entre el grupo de oficiales superiores y subalternos fue de 11,33 años (p=0,089) y 1,42 kilogramos (p=0,235), respectivamente. El valor esperado de la flexibilidad es diferente entre grupos, siendo mayor en el grupo de oficiales subalternos (p=0,016). Conclusión: Las variables de composición corporal no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos oficiales superiores y subalternos.
Los desafíos de los comités de ética en investigación clínica en Latinoamérica
Authors: Martinez Medina Paula Andrea , Celis Regalado Luis Gustavo
Published: June 2023

El pasado jueves 19 de mayo de 2022 se realizó en Bogotá la primera jornada internacional de investigación clínica, en la que se desarrolló el conversatorio de “ética y bioética en la investigación clínica: reflexiones desde la Red Latinoamérica de Comités de Ética en Investigación Clínica (ReLaCeic)”, organizado por el centro de investigaciones de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad militar Nueva Granada en dicho conversatorio participaron expertos de distintos países latinoamericanos y miembros del consejo directivo de la red y se expusieron los aportes y desafíos que enfrentan los comités de ética de investigación clínica en la sociedad cambiante en la que vivimos.
Frecuencia de perforaciones radiculares en tratamientos endodónticos realizados por estudiantes de postgrados chilenos
Authors: Toloza Espinoza Rita , Araya Cumsille Pilar , Guzmán Vásquez Carolina , Rodríguez Bustos Diego , Díaz Narváez Víctor Patricio , Ferreira Alves Flávio Rodrigues
Published: June 2023

Introducción. El presente estudio evaluó la frecuencia de perforaciones radiculares provocadas por estudiantes de primer y segundo año de la especialidad de Endodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB), Santiago, Chile, entre los años 2019 y 2021. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo a través de datos recopilados retrospectivamente en fichas clínicas de pacientes atendidos en el área de postgrado en endodoncia de la Universidad, durante 2019, 2020 y hasta marzo del año 2021. Resultados. Un total de 569 pacientes fueron atendidos en el período, 118 pacientes fueron atendidos por estudiantes de primer año y 451 por los de segundo año. La frecuencia de perforaciones del primer año fue de un 0% y la del segundo año fue del 2% (n = 9). Considerando el total general de pacientes, la frecuencia relativa de perforaciones fue de apenas 1,6%. Con respecto a ubicación, 3 perforaciones fueron en el tercio cervical de la raíz, 3 en el tercio medio, 2 en el tercio apical y 1 en el piso cameral. Ninguna perforación resultó en la indicación inmediata de extracción y todas fueron selladas con materiales a base de silicato de calcio. Conclusiones. La frecuencia de perforaciones radiculares por los estudiantes de postgrado fue muy baja, lo que podría evidenciar la seguridad de los protocolos institucionales de tratamiento y enseñanza. La mayor ocurrencia de perforaciones fue con los estudiantes de segundo año, lo que puede ser atribuido a que ellos tratan casos de mayor complejidad.
Clasificación de los medios y métodos empleados en el entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad: una reflexión crítica
Authors: Bustos Viviescas Brian Johan , Acevedo Mindiola Andres Alonso , Duran Luna Luis Alfredo , Garcia Yerena Carlos Enrique
Published: June 2023

El entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad representa un nuevo paradigma del fitness, además es un tipo de ejercicio que crece a nivel mundial en cuanto a practicantes y centros de acondicionamiento físico que lo ofertan, no obstante la documentación respecto a como realizar este tipo de entrenamientos es escasa por lo que se puede presentar diferentes problemáticas en este ámbito de la actividad física y el deporte por desconocimiento de como efectuar este tipo de ejercicio físico de alta intensidad. El propósito de este artículo es postular una clasificación de los medios y métodos aplicados en el entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad. Posterior a la consulta de literatura se propone la siguiente clasificación para los medios (calisténicos/gimnásticos, cardiometabólico y levantamiento) mientras que los métodos obtuvieron dos clasificaciones, una basada en la modalidad (medios) y otra en la estructura de organización de la sesión (forma). En conclusión, esta nueva propuesta se ajusta más a la realidad del entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad desde las bases del entrenamiento deportivo.
Relación entre el ojo seco y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: González Timothy J. , Páez Laura G. , Culman Miguel A. , Duran Cristiano Sandra Carolina
Published: June 2023

La diabetes mellitus es una patología metabólica que altera los niveles de glucosa en el cuerpo siendo más prevalente el tipo II, lo cual puede llegar modular enfermedades sistémicas causando diferentes desordenes metabólicos y cambios celulares. En cuanto a las alteraciones oftalmológicas se pueden resaltar la retinopatía diabética y el ojo seco, en donde se puede definir la última como una condición inflamatoria crónica ocasionando daños en la superficie ocular. Por lo tanto, esta revisión brindará información de los factores asociados al desarrollo de ojo seco en la diabetes, resaltándose cambios en la glicemia sobre el metabolismo de glucosa afectando estructuras como la glándula lagrimal, glándulas de Meibomio, en la capa epitelial y en la microvasculatura, generándose diferentes afecciones como trastornos neuropáticos que conducen a la sintomatología ocular. De igual modo, se describen eventos biológicos como lo son cambios en la expresión epigenética, estrés oxidativo e inflamación que presumiblemente juegan un papel importante en las diabetes y Ojo Seco, por lo cual, la evaluación y análisis de la lágrima en esta población se hace necesaria