bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reverse-Net: Few-Shot Learning with Reverse Teaching for Deformable Medical Image Registration
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yang Tiejun , Zhao Xiang , Yang Aolin
Published: January 2023

Multimodal medical image registration has an important role in monitoring tumor growth, radiotherapy, and disease diagnosis. Deep-learning-based methods have made great progress in the past few years. However, its success depends on large training datasets, and the performance of the model decreases due to overfitting and poor generalization when only limited data are available. In this paper, a multimodal medical image registration framework based on few-shot learning is proposed, named reverse-net, which can improve the accuracy and generalization ability of the network by using a few segmentation labels. Firstly, we used the border enhancement network to enhance the ROI (region of interest) boundaries of T1 images to provide high-quality data for the subsequent pixel alignment stage. Secondly, through a coarse registration network, the T1 image and T2 image were roughly aligned. Then, the pixel alignment network generated more smooth deformation fields. Finally, the reverse teaching network used the warped T1 segmentation labels and warped images generated by the deformation field to teach the border enhancement network more structural knowledge. The performance and generalizability of our model have been evaluated on publicly available brain datasets including the MRBrainS13DataNii-Pro, SRI24, CIT168, and OASIS datasets. Compared with VoxelMorph, the reverse-net obtained performance improvements of 4.36% in DSC on the publicly available MRBrainS13DataNii-Pro dataset. On the unseen dataset OASIS, the reverse-net obtained performance improvements of 4.2% in DSC compared with VoxelMorph, which shows that the model can obtain better generalizability. The promising performance on dataset CIT168 indicates that the model is practicable.
Heavy Metal Exposures on Freshwater Snail Pomacea insularum: Understanding Its Biomonitoring Potentials
Authors: Yap Chee Kong , Pang Bin Huan , Cheng Wan Hee , Kumar Krishnan , Avtar Ram , Okamura Hideo , Horie Yoshifumi , Sharifinia Moslem , Keshavarzifard Mehrzad , Ong Meng Chuan , Naji Abolfazl , Ismail Mohamad Saupi , Tan Wen Siang
Published: January 2023

The present investigation focused on the toxicity test of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), utilizing two groups of juvenile and adult apple snail Pomacea insularum (Gastropod, Thiaridae) with mortality as the endpoint. For the adult snails, the median lethal concentrations (LC50) values based on 48 and 72 h decreased in the following order: Cu < Ni < Pb < Cd < Zn. For the juvenile snails, the LC50 values based on 48 and 72 h decreased in the following order: Cu < Cd < Ni < Pb < Zn. The mussel was more susceptible to Cu than the other four metal exposures, although the juveniles were more sensitive than the adults because the former had lower LC50 values than the latter. This study provided essential baseline information for the five metal toxicities using P. insularum as a test organism, allowing comparisons of the acute sensitivity in this species to the five metals. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that P. insularum was a sensitive biomonitor and model organism to assess heavy metal risk factors for severe heavy metal toxicities. A comparison of the LC50 values of these metals for this species with those for other freshwater gastropods revealed that P. insularum was equally sensitive to metals. Therefore, P. insularum can be recommended as a good biomonitor for the five metals in freshwater ecosystems.
Design-Manufacturing-Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Integration of Complex Product Based on Digital Twin
Authors: Zhang Chuanwei , Dong Lingling , Wang Yunrui
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a complex product design-manufacturing-operations and maintenance integration method based on digital twin technology. This method aims to solve the problem of information silos in the design, manufacturing and operation and maintenance phases of complex products in the context of intelligent manufacturing and to integrate the design, manufacturing and operation and maintenance processes of complex products. To address the integration needs of complex product design, manufacturing, operation and maintenance business integration, a framework for complex product design-manufacturing-operation and maintenance integration based on the digital twin is first proposed, in addition to designing a model and operation mechanism for combining the virtual and real of the digital twin model. Then, the implementation of multistage collaborative design technology, data intelligent sensing technology, and data integration and fusion technology for the digital twin-based design-manufacturing-operations and maintenance integration processes are analyzed and discussed. Finally, a case study involving the fault prediction of key components of the bogie of an EMU demonstrated the integrated mode of operation in the design-manufacture-operation and maintenance process of the EMU. It verified the effectiveness of the proposed framework, process and methodology.
Evaluating the Influence of Positive Affect, Risk Perception, and Personal Characteristics on the Risk-Taking Riding Behaviors of Motorcyclists
Authors: Mohd Shafie Shafida Azwina , Goh Wins Cott , Leong Lee Vien
Published: January 2023

This study on Malaysian motorcyclists was carried out due to the high fatality rate of motorcycle traffic accidents. A survey was conducted to assess demographic information, risky behavior engagement, positive affect, and risk perception among Malaysian motorcyclists. The results were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling to assess the survey’s reliability and validity. Consequently, a statistical model was created based on the hypothesis model where the relationship among each latent construct was evaluated, including risk perception, positive affect, risky behavior, and mediator personal characteristics. The model revealed that positive affect had the strongest positive relationship with the construct of risky behavior (t-value of 15.517), while the personal characteristics of the rider had a significant direct effect on risky behavior, with a t-value of 2.175. In addition, an indirect effect of personal characteristics on risky behavior through positive affect was also found to be significant (t-value = 3.885). These results concur with most studies conducted on motorist driving behavior showing that motorcyclist risky behavior engagement can potentially be reduced from the perspective of encouragement and empowerment instead of enforcement and deterrence. This study is important in identifying practical measures that can integrate road safety into a broader strategy for sustainable transportation.
Development of Automatic Electric Drive Drilling System for Core Drilling
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Hu Yuanbiao , Liu Baolin , Dai Kun , Zhang Yudong
Published: January 2023

Core drilling has been widely used in mineral exploration with diamond-impregnated drilling technology. Automation is a critical technology in improving core drilling efficiency and reducing core drilling costs, but there is no complete automation that can control the entire core drilling process. In this paper, an electric drive laboratory drilling system was established using programmable logic controller (PLC) technology. A proportional integration differentiation (PID) control algorithm was developed to achieve closed-loop control of the weight-on-bit (WOB) during the drilling process. Four drilling modes were developed for the drilling system, and their performances were verified by drilling test. A constant-speed mode is proposed as the most suitable mode for the system. The recommended rate of penetration (ROP) of the rock sample and bit used in the experiment was obtained through the power optimization drilling test. The results show that the optimal rotation speed ranged from 700 to 1000 rpm, and the optimal ROP ranged from 2.0 to 2.6 m/h.
Conditions for and Characteristics of the Dispersion of Gel Fuel Droplets during Ignition
Authors: Feoktistov Dmitriy , Orlova Evgeniya , Glushkov Dmitriy , Abedtazehabadi Akram , Belyaev Saveliy
Published: January 2023

We formulated and experimentally proved a hypothesis on the causes of dispersion (puffing and microexplosion) of binary fuel droplets, including those in the composition of gel fuels. This hypothesis is based on the concepts of wetting thermodynamics and the theory of the two-component surface energy of substances and materials. An effective and reliable criterion was established that allowed the assessment of the possibility of the onset of puffing and microexplosion during the high-temperature heating of binary liquids. Microexplosions were found to occur only when isothermal conditions were necessarily reached at the liquid–liquid interface during the mixing of mutually insoluble components, provided that one component had to be polar, and the second had to be dispersive. In addition, it was necessary to provide external heating conditions under which the value of the surface free energy of the liquid–liquid interface formation tended to zero.
Blockchain Integrated IoT for Food Supply Chain: A Grey Based Delphi-DEMATEL Approach
Authors: Singh Rubee , Khan Shahbaz , Dsilva Jacinta , Centobelli Piera
Published: January 2023

The Food Supply Chain (FSC) can be made more efficient, resilient, and transparent by implementing industry 4.0 technologies. In this context, blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) become a panacea for several FSC problems. As a result of FSC complexity and their specific needs, the adoption of Blockchain integrated IoT (B-IoT) in FSC is challenging, and further investigation is required. Therefore, this study aims to explore the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the adoption B-IoT in FSC. To achieve this objective, a literature review is conducted to identify the CSFs of B-IoT adoption and then a grey Delphi is conducted on finalised CSFs. Ten CSFs finalised that faceplate for the adoption of B-IoT in FSC. Further, these CSFs were analysed through a grey Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to determine the importance and causal relationships among them. A grey DEMATEL analysis also categorised these factors into influencing and influenced groups. The findings showed that “top management support”, “knowledge management”, “technology hardware readiness”, “skilled personnel”, and “high investment” were the influencing factors that needed to be addressed for the effective adoption of B-IoT. The FSC partners could benefit from the findings of this study by focusing on high-priority CSFs. The causal relationship among CSFs also helps the managers achieve optimal utilisation of resources. Further, this study encourages the FSC stakeholders to adopt the B-IoT in their supply chain to improve their performance.
Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia as a Result of a Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor: Detecting Rare Origin
Authors: Jung Junho , Kim Minah , Kim So-Woon , Ohe Joo-Young
Published: January 2023

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is strongly related to tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) which brings diverse skeletal events, such as bony deformities, gait disturbance, and multiple bone fractures. Overexpressed fibroblast growth factor 23 by the tumor induces hypophosphatemia leading to the oncogenic osteomalacia, a rare paraneoplastic syndrome. PMT occurring in the oral and maxillofacial regions is extremely rare, and this case highlights the need to understand mechanisms by which local lesions can affect systemic conditions, and the importance of a combination of physical examinations, laboratory investigations, and radiologic investigations for a decisive diagnosis.
Comparative Analysis of CFRP and Steel Vibration Characteristics of Machine Tools Components
Authors: Kim Min-Jae , Lee Jung-Hoon , Kim Seok-Ho , Lee Choon-Man , Kim Dong-Hyeon
Published: January 2023

Vibration of manufacturing machine parts can be reduced by applying CFRP to precision machines. Recently, the use of 3D printers in manufacturing has increased. However, there are few studies on the vibration characteristics of 3D printed composite materials. The objective of this study is to analyze the vibration reduction effect of a 3D printed composite material used as a CFRP chuck adapter. The existing chuck adapter is made of steel. In this study, the vibration values for three types of CFRP, steel, and CFRP with steel chuck adapters are compared. The products were rotated at 10, 500, and 1000 rpm, and the vibration velocity and displacement were calculated as an average value after repeating each measurement 5 times. Vibration velocity was improved by up to 64% and displacement by up to 31.1%. These results can be usefully applied to other mechanical parts requiring vibration damping.
Photodynamic Therapy in Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pardo Alessia , Butera Andrea , Giordano Angela , Gallo Simone , Pascadopoli Maurizio , Scribante Andrea , Albanese Massimo
Published: January 2023

Aim: to evaluate the adjunctive effects of photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on nonsurgical mechanical treatment in patients with periodontitis. Materials and methods: The search strategy was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines to answer research questions regarding the effectiveness of aPDT in association with non-surgical periodontal therapy. The mean values and standard deviations were collected by data extraction. A descriptive comparison between aPDT in association with periodontal treatment and periodontal treatment alone was performed, and meta-analyses of PPD were also performed. Both randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were included. Results: Out of 2059 records, 14 articles on adjunctive photodynamic therapy were included because they met the eligibility criteria. A comparison between the aPDT data and the control group showed improved PPD for photodynamic therapy (SMD −0.76, p = 0.003; I2 = 88%). Statistical analysis was then applied to the three PPD subgroups. The first group included studies that used indocyanine green in association with a wavelength of 810 nm (SMD −1.79, p < 0.00001, I2 = 88%). The second group included studies that used phenothiazine chloride at a wavelength of 660 nm (SMD −0.03, p = 0.84, I2 = 0%). The last group included studies that used methylene blue photosensitizers treated with a wavelength 628–670 nm were included (SMD −0.13, p = 0.38; I2 = 0%). Conclusions: despite the limited number of RCTs and the great heterogeneity between them, it can be concluded that aPDT in association with nonsurgical periodontal treatment improved the clinical parameters at 3 months.
Machine Learning Algorithm Accuracy Using Single- versus Multi-Institutional Image Data in the Classification of Prostate MRI Lesions
Authors: Provenzano Destie , Melnyk Oleksiy , Imtiaz Danish , McSweeney Benjamin , Nemirovsky Daniel , Wynne Michael , Whalen Michael , Rao Yuan James , Loew Murray , Haji-Momenian Shawn
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: Recent studies report high accuracies when using machine learning (ML) algorithms to classify prostate cancer lesions on publicly available datasets. However, it is unknown if these trained models generalize well to data from different institutions. (2) Methods: This was a retrospective study using multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) data from our institution (63 mpMRI lesions) and the ProstateX-2 challenge, a publicly available annotated image set (112 mpMRI lesions). Residual Neural Network (ResNet) algorithms were trained to classify lesions as high-risk (hrPCA) or low-risk/benign. Models were trained on (a) ProstateX-2 data, (b) local institutional data, and (c) combined ProstateX-2 and local data. The models were then tested on (a) ProstateX-2, (b) local and (c) combined ProstateX-2 and local data. (3) Results: Models trained on either local or ProstateX-2 image data had high Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC)s (0.82–0.98) in the classification of hrPCA when tested on their own respective populations. AUCs decreased significantly (0.23–0.50, p < 0.01) when models were tested on image data from the other institution. Models trained on image data from both institutions re-achieved high AUCs (0.83–0.99). (4) Conclusions: Accurate prostate cancer classification models trained on single-institutional image data performed poorly when tested on outside-institutional image data. Heterogeneous multi-institutional training image data will likely be required to achieve broadly applicable mpMRI models.
Can Inner Mongolia Learn from Zhejiang’s Low-Carbon Policy?—Comparative Analysis Based on the EPS Model
Authors: Duan Wei , Lin Guilei , Xu Desheng
Published: January 2023

Based on the energy policy simulation model (EPS model) and the reality of Zhejiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the carbon pricing policy scenario and the early retirement policy scenario of coal power generation units were constructed, respectively, and the policy effects simulated. The study explored whether Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region can learn from the low-carbon policies that have played a good role in Zhejiang Province in the process of achieving a carbon peak. The research found that: (1) Under the baseline scenario, both Zhejiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region failed to achieve a carbon peak by 2030. (2) Under the scenarios of carbon pricing and early retirement of coal power generation units, the peak time of carbon in Zhejiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has been advanced, which shows the effectiveness of carbon pricing and early retirement of coal power generation units. (3) The above two policies have achieved good results in the overall implementation process of Zhejiang Province, but the carbon pricing policy has caused dramatic fluctuations in the power generation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the early retirement policy of coal power units has failed to achieve the goal of reaching the peak carbon in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on schedule.
Emission Characteristics of Fine Particles in Relation to Precursor Gases in Agricultural Emission Sources: A Case Study of Dairy Barns
Authors: Joo Hung-Soo , Han Sang-Woo , Han Jin-Seok , Ndegwa Pius M.
Published: January 2023

Recently, precursor gases such as ammonia have sparked a growing interest in the secondary formation of particulate matter (PM). Most studies focus on urban areas and scientific data. Studies on precursor gases and PM emitted from agricultural sources are insufficient; thus, this paper presents a field monitoring study conducted from agricultural sources. To estimate the effect of precursor gases for PM2.5 from naturally ventilated dairy barns, correlation analyses were conducted using real-time monitoring data on the mass concentrations of PM2.5, NH3, SO2, NO2, and H2S and meteorological data. In addition to mass concentration, the emission and loading rates were used to closely analyze pollution status. The mass concentrations of PM2.5 and gaseous compounds did not correlate well, whereas the mass emission rates for PM2.5 and gaseous compounds (SO2, NH3, and NO2) correlated well because the unit of the emission rate reflected the ventilation factor. The correlation coefficients between PM2.5 and precursor gas emission rates ranged from 0.72 to 0.89 (R), with the SO2 emission rate exhibiting the highest correlation coefficient (R = 0.89). This correlation implies that SO2 from dairy farms is a dominant species among the gaseous precursors influencing the secondary formation of PM2.5; alternatively, SO2 and PM2.5 are produced from the same sources. The ambient PM2.5 loading rate and barn PM2.5 emission rate—estimated by multivariate linear regression using the gaseous independent variables NH3, SO2, and NO2—revealed high-correlation coefficients (0.60 and 0.92, respectively) with the measured data. At present, most studies investigating the precursor gases of PM in agricultural fields have focused on NH3; however, this study suggests that SO2 is a key factor in PM2.5 pollution. To elucidate the secondary formation of PM from precursor gases in agricultural sources, particulate ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride, which were not measured in this study, as well as oxidants and intermediates, should be considered in future research.
An Empirical Relationship among Characteristics of Severe Convective Storms, Their Cloud-Top Properties and Environmental Parameters in Northern Eurasia
Authors: Chernokulsky Alexander , Shikhov Andrey , Yarinich Yulia , Sprygin Alexander
Published: January 2023

Severe convective storms that produce tornadoes and straight-line winds usually develop under particular environmental conditions and have specific signatures on the cloud tops associated with intense updrafts. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of satellite-derived characteristics, with a focus on cloud-top properties, and ERA5-based environmental parameters of convective storms in forested regions of the western part of Northern Eurasia in 2006–2021. The analyzed sample includes 128 different convective storms that produced 138 tornadoes and 143 linear windstorms. We found most tornadoes and linear windstorms are generated by quasi-linear convective storms or supercells. Such supercells form under lower convective instability and precipitable water content compared to those for other types of storms. We found a significant negative correlation of minimum temperature on the storm cloud top with instability parameters. In turn, the longevity of convective storms significantly correlates with wind shear and storm-relative helicity. About half of the tornadoes and 2/3 of linear windstorms are associated with the presence of cloud-top signatures, such as overshooting tops, cold-ring or cold U/V features. The events associated with such signatures are formed under high values of instability parameters. Our results can be used for further analysis of peculiarities of tornado and linear windstorm formation and to enhance the predictability of such severe events, especially in regions with a lack of weather radar coverage.
Experimental Verification of Mist Cooling Effect in Front of Air-Conditioning Condenser Unit, Open Space, and Bus Stop
Authors: Kyogoku Sae , Takebayashi Hideki
Published: January 2023

Mist spraying is a technique for locally lowering air temperature by spraying fine mist into the air and using the latent heat of evaporation immediately after spraying. This study focuses on the conditions under which mist spraying contributes to the increase in sensible heat release from the human body, using the ratio of air temperature decrease and humidity increase in the space where mist is sprayed. From the measurement results in front of the air-conditioning condenser unit, humidity increased by about 10 g/kg(DA), while air temperature decreased by about 10 °C. From the measurement results in an open space in a park, air temperature decreased by about 0.5 to 1 °C within 2 m of the mist spray and humidity increased by about 0.5 to 1 g/kg(DA) at the height of the mist spray, regardless of the distance from the mist spray. From the measurement results at semi-open bus stops, air temperature decreased slightly to 1 °C and humidity increased slightly to 1 g/kg(DA) under low-wind conditions. Unfortunately, the measured results of air temperature decrease in relation to humidity increase, which the human body perceives as cooler, were not available.
Modulating Brain Activity with Invasive Brain–Computer Interface: A Narrative Review
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Ping , Nie Chuang , Jiang Cheng-Teng , Cao Sheng-Hao , Tian Kai-Xi , Yu Shan , Gu Jian-Wen
Published: January 2023

Brain-computer interface (BCI) can be used as a real-time bidirectional information gateway between the brain and machines. In particular, rapid progress in invasive BCI, propelled by recent developments in electrode materials, miniature and power-efficient electronics, and neural signal decoding technologies has attracted wide attention. In this review, we first introduce the concepts of neuronal signal decoding and encoding that are fundamental for information exchanges in BCI. Then, we review the history and recent advances in invasive BCI, particularly through studies using neural signals for controlling external devices on one hand, and modulating brain activity on the other hand. Specifically, regarding modulating brain activity, we focus on two types of techniques, applying electrical stimulation to cortical and deep brain tissues, respectively. Finally, we discuss the related ethical issues concerning the clinical application of this emerging technology.
Unexplained Progressive Neurological Deficits after Corpus Callosotomy May Be Caused by Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case of Suspected Postoperative Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis
Authors: Hatano Keisuke , Fujimoto Ayataka , Sato Keishiro , Yamamoto Takamichi , Sakuma Hiroshi , Enoki Hideo
Published: January 2023

The main causes of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis are ovarian teratoma and herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis. We present a rare case of suspected anti-NMDAR encephalitis caused by corpus callosotomy (CC). An 18-year-old woman with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome underwent CC. Although left hemiplegic due to cerebral hemorrhage and impaired consciousness due to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) appeared postoperatively, anticoagulant therapy quickly improved CVST and impaired consciousness. However, various unexplained symptoms such as insomnia, hallucination, impulsivity, impaired consciousness, and a new type of drug-resistant cluster seizures gradually developed over a 2-month period. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the gradual extension of a hyperintense area from the right frontal lobe on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse was initiated from postoperative day (POD) 74, followed by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy, although white blood cell counts were normal in all three cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations. After IVIg therapy, the above unexplained symptoms promptly improved. On POD 103, antibodies against NMDAR were revealed in both the serum and CSF collected before these immunotherapies. The patient was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital due to residual left hemiplegia. Psychiatric symptoms and a new onset of drug-resistant seizures may be suggestive of postoperative anti-NMDAR encephalitis, even if CSF findings are mild.
A Validation Study on Mechanical Properties of Foam Concrete with Coarse Aggregate Using ANN Model
Authors: Sivananda Reddy Y. , Sekar Anandh , Sindhu Nachiar S.
Published: January 2023

The usage of foam concrete (FC) was extended from being used as a filler material to an alternative concrete due to the effect of conventional concrete on global warming. The diversified perspective on FC as an alternative to conventional concrete is due to its low density (400–1800 kg/m3) and good thermal conductivity, which also results in the reduction of costs in production, labor, and transportation. Generally, FC is produced by adding a pre-made foam to the cement slurry consisting of cement and aggregates. Here, the study was carried out by the addition of a coarse aggregate and foaming agent (i.e., 12%, 6%, 3%, 2%, 1%) at varying percentages in FC to improve the strength characteristics. FC was tested for its physical and mechanical properties. From the experimental results, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was developed to predict the strength of FC. The results from training and testing of the Polynomial Regression Analysis model (PRA) through ANN have shown great potential in predicting compression, split tensile, and flexural strength of FC. It was found that the strength of FC is increased with the reduction of foam volume and increase in coarse aggregate volume. However, a strength of 25.6 N/mm2 is achieved when 1% foam and 50% coarse aggregate is used.
RANBP1 (RAN Binding Protein 1): The Missing Genetic Piece in Cancer Pathophysiology and Other Complex Diseases
Authors: Audia Salvatore , Brescia Carolina , Dattilo Vincenzo , D’Antona Lucia , Calvano Pierluigi , Iuliano Rodolfo , Trapasso Francesco , Perrotti Nicola , Amato Rosario
Published: January 2023

RANBP1 encoded by RANBP1 or HTF9A (Hpall Tiny Fragments Locus 9A), plays regulatory functions of the RAN-network, belonging to the RAS superfamily of small GTPases. Through this function, RANBP1 regulates the RANGAP1 activity and, thus, the fluctuations between GTP-RAN and GDP-RAN. In the light of this, RANBP1 take actions in maintaining the nucleus–cytoplasmic gradient, thus making nuclear import–export functional. RANBP1 has been implicated in the inter-nuclear transport of proteins, nucleic acids and microRNAs, fully contributing to cellular epigenomic signature. Recently, a RANBP1 diriment role in spindle checkpoint formation and nucleation has emerged, thus constituting an essential element in the control of mitotic stability. Over time, RANBP1 has been demonstrated to be variously involved in human cancers both for the role in controlling nuclear transport and RAN activity and for its ability to determine the efficiency of the mitotic process. RANBP1 also appears to be implicated in chemo-hormone and radio-resistance. A key role of this small-GTPases related protein has also been demonstrated in alterations of axonal flow and neuronal plasticity, as well as in viral and bacterial metabolism and in embryological maturation. In conclusion, RANBP1 appears not only to be an interesting factor in several pathological conditions but also a putative target of clinical interest.
Hepatic Radiotherapy in Addition to Anti-PD-1 for the Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Patients
Authors: Rossi Ernesto , Cellini Francesco , Pagliara Monica Maria , Sammarco Maria Grazia , Pedone Romina Rose , Lancellotta Valentina , Tagliaferri Luca , Quirino Michela , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Blasi Maria Antonietta , Tortora Giampaolo , Schinzari Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Uveal melanoma is the most common ocular tumor with frequent metastatic spread to the liver. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated poor results in this disease. The addition of hepatic radiotherapy to anti-PD-1 could enhance the sensitivity to immunotherapy. In this study, patients treated with pembrolizumab and who have undergone hepatic radiotherapy have been retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-two patients have been considered. Six patients (27.3%) achieved a partial response and 3 (13.6%) a stable disease. Disease control rate was 40.9%. Thirteen patients (59.1%) had progression as best response. The median PFS was 4.8 months and 6 months PFS rate 45.4%. The median OS was 21.2 months, while 1 year OS rate was 72.7%. Longer survival was observed in patients who achieved a partial response on irradiated metastases (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.83) or progressed after 6 months (HR 0.12—95% CI 0.03–0.44). No radiotherapy-related or grade 3–4 adverse events were reported. This study demonstrates that the addition of hepatic radiotherapy to anti-PD-1 treatment can be a valid option for the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma, particularly for HLA A 02:01 negative patients. Prospective studies should be conducted to confirm these data.
Emphasis on Adipocyte Transformation: Anti-Inflammatory Agents to Prevent the Development of Cancer-Associated Adipocytes
Authors: Na Heeju , Song Yaechan , Lee Han-Woong
Published: January 2023

Of the various cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), adipocytes undergo a dynamic transformation when activated by neighboring cancer cells. Although these adipocytes, known as cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), have been reported to play a crucial role in tumor progression, the factors that mediate their transformation remain elusive. In this review, we discuss the hypothesis that inflammatory signals involving NF-ĸB activation can induce lipolysis and adipocyte dedifferentiation. This provides a mechanistic understanding of CAA formation and introduces the concept of preventing adipocyte transformation via anti-inflammatory agents. Indeed, epidemiological studies indicate a higher efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in obese patients with cancer, suggesting that NSAIDs can modulate the TME. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin production leads to the suppression of inflammatory signals such as NF-ĸB. Thus, we suggest the use of NSAIDs in cancer patients with metabolic disorders to prevent the transformation of TME components. Moreover, throughout this review, we attempt to expand our knowledge of CAA transformation to improve the clinical feasibility of targeting CAAs.
Catalyzed Methods to Synthesize Pyrimidine and Related Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Díaz-Fernández Marcos , Calvo-Losada Saturnino , Quirante J.-Joaquín , Sarabia Francisco , Algarra Manuel , Pino-González M.-Soledad
Published: January 2023

This review covers articles published in the period from 2010 to mid-2022 on synthetic advances in the formation of pyrimidine and related heterocyclic compounds. Special emphasis has been given to the different types of cycloadditions, taking into account the number of their components and leading to the formation of the pyrimidine ring. Due to the large number of publications on the Biginelli reaction and related reactions, this will be dealt with in a separate review in the near future.
Performance of Fuel Electrode-Supported Tubular Protonic Ceramic Cells Prepared through Slip Casting and Dip-Coating Methods
Authors: Xiao Youcheng , Wang Mengjiao , Bao Di , Wang Zhen , Jin Fangjun , Wang Yaowen , He Tianmin
Published: January 2023

Fuel electrode-supported tubular protonic ceramic cells (FETPCCs) based on the BaZr0.4Ce0.4Y0.15Zn0.05O3−δ (BZCYZ) membrane electrolyte was fabricated through a two-step method, in which the polyporous electrode-support tube was prepared with a traditional slip casting technique in a plaster mold, and the BZCYZ membrane was produced by a dip-coating process on the outside surface of the electrode-support tube. The dense thin-film electrolyte of BZCYZ with a thickness of ~25 μm was achieved by cofiring the fuel electrode support and electrolyte membrane at 1450 °C for 6 h. The electrochemical performances of the FETPCCs were tested under different solid oxide cell modes. In protonic ceramic fuel cell (PCFC) mode, the peak power densities of the cell reached 151–191 mW·cm−2 at 550–700 °C and exhibited relatively stable performance during continuous operation over 100 h at 650 °C. It was found that the major influence on the performance of tubular PCFC was the resistance and cathode current collectors. Additionally, in protonic ceramic electrolysis cell (PCEC) mode, the current densities of 418–654 mA·cm−2 were obtained at 600–700 °C with the applied voltage of 2.0 V when exposed to 20% CO2–80% H2 and 3% H2O/air. Using distribution of relaxation time analysis, the electrolytic rate-limiting step of the PCEC model was determined as the adsorption and dissociation of the gas on the electrode surface.
Removal Efficiency and Performance Optimization of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater Using New Biochar Composites
Authors: Wang Guodong , Zong Shirong , Ma Hang , Wan Banglong , Tian Qiang
Published: January 2023

The purpose is to optimize the catalytic performance of biochar (BC), improve the removal effect of BC composites on organic pollutants in wastewater, and promote the recycling and sustainable utilization of water resources. Firstly, the various characteristics and preparation principles of new BC are discussed. Secondly, the types of organic pollutants in wastewater and their removal principles are discussed. Finally, based on the principle of removing organic pollutants, BC/zero valent iron (BC/ZVI) composite is designed, among which BC is mainly used for catalysis. The effect of BC/ZVI in removing tetracycline (TC) is comprehensively evaluated. The research results reveal that the TC removal effect of pure BC is not ideal, and that of ZVI is general. The BC/ZVI composite prepared by combining the two has a better removal effect on TC, with a removal amount of about 275 mg/g. Different TC concentrations, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), pH environment, tert-butanol, and calcium ions will affect the TC removal effect of BC composites. The overall effect is the improvement of the TC removal amount of BC composites. It reveals that BC has a very suitable catalytic effect on ZVI, and the performance of BC composite material integrating BC catalyst and ZVI has been effectively improved, which can play a very suitable role in wastewater treatment. This exploration provides a technical reference for the effective removal of organic pollutants in wastewater and contributes to the development of water resource recycling.
Computational Study on the Catalytic Performance of Single-Atom Catalysts Anchored on g-CN for Electrochemical Oxidation of Formic Acid
Authors: Qadeer Abdul , Yang Meiqi , Liu Yuejie , Cai Qinghai , Zhao Jingxiang
Published: January 2023

The electrochemical formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) has attracted great attention due to its high volumetric energy density and high theoretical efficiency for future portable electronic applications, for which the development of highly efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts is of great significance. In this work, taking single-atom catalysts (SACs) supported on graphitic carbon nitrides (g-CN) as potential catalysts, their catalytic performance for the FAOR was systemically explored by means of density functional theory computations. Our results revealed that the strong hybridization with the unpaired lone electrons of N atoms in the g-CN substrate ensured the high stability of these anchored SACs and endowed them with excellent electrical conductivity. Based on the computed free energy changes of all possible elementary steps, we predicted that a highly efficient FAOR could be achieved on Ru/g-CN with a low limiting potential of −0.15 V along a direct pathway of HCOOH(aq) → HCOOH* → HCOO* → CO2* → CO2(g), in which the formation of HCOO* was identified as the potential-determining step, while the rate-determining step was located at the CO2* formation, with a moderate kinetic barrier of 0.89 eV. Remarkably, the moderate d-band center and polarized charge of the Ru active site caused the Ru/g-CN catalyst to exhibit an optimal binding strength with various reaction intermediates, explaining well its superior FAOR catalytic performance. Hence, the single Ru atom anchored on g-CN could be utilized as a promising SAC for the FAOR, which opens a new avenue to further develop novel catalysts for a sustainable FAOR in formic-acid-based fuel cells.
Composite of α-FeOOH and Mesoporous Carbon Derived from Indian Blackberry Seeds as Low-Cost and Recyclable Photocatalyst for Degradation of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Dutta Dimple P. , Abraham Sebin
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyse the use of biowaste-derived carbon in enhancing the photocatalytic effect of Earth-abundant visible light active goethite (α−FeOOH). The biowaste material used in this case is seeds of the Indian blackberry fruit. The FeOOH/C composite has been synthesized using an assisted sonochemical technique. The photocatalysts have been characterized using powder x-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy technique. FTIR and Raman studies have been carried out to understand the structure bonding correlation. The band gap has been ascertained using Tauc plots. The adsorption and consequent photodegradation of CIP have been studied via UV-visible spectroscopy and the mechanism has been ascertained by using radical quenching techniques. The charge separation efficiency has been ascertained through photoluminescence (PL) studies and electrochemical impedance studies (EIS). The pivotal role played by photogenerated holes (h+) in the photocatalytic degradation of CIP has been highlighted. The low cost biowaste-derived carbon as a constituent of the FeOOH/C composite shows great promise as a supporting material for enhancing the photocatalytic properties of such semiconductor materials.
Monkeypox 2022 Outbreak: How Alarming Is the Situation? Epidemiological and Clinical Review
Authors: Marraha Farah , Al Faker Ibtissam , Chahoub Hanane , Benyamna Youness , Rahmani Najlae , Gallouj Salim
Published: January 2023

Monkeypox is a disease caused by Orthopoxvirus, which also includes the smallpox virus. Several endemics have been reported on the African continent, typically in the western and central regions. However, since 13 May 2022, there have been several cases reported from different member states; the number of confirmed cases in 1 month exceeded the total number of cases reported outside the African continent since the first case in 1970. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) consider monkeypox as an important disease for global public health. The clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in patients with monkeypox remain unclear. In this brief review, we investigated and compared the different characteristics already reported in cases of monkeypox.
Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of W1.8507 Steel Parts with Sharp Edges, Thermochemically Treated by Plasma Nitriding with and without Polarized Screens
Authors: Axinte Mihai , Vizureanu Petrica , Cimpoesu Nicanor , Nejneru Carmen , Burduhos-Nergis Diana-Petronela , Epure Elena-Luiza
Published: January 2023

The plasma nitriding edge effect phenomenon is characteristic of parts with sharp edges. The intersection for the discharge of negative light of the two adjacent faces causes the apparition of this effect. In some cases, this effect causes disturbance to the general process. In this work, a sample with different angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° was analyzed. The sample was subjected to ion nitriding with and without the cathode grid to highlight the reduction of the edge effect on the non-uniformity appearing on the edges and corners of the parts. The effect of the active screen was also analyzed by hardness measurements in the area of the nitride edges and by SEM and EDX analyses in the mentioned areas. Additionally, the influence of active screens was studied by nanoindentation and scratch tests and by measuring the contact angle of coolants and liquid lubricants on the nitride surfaces with both methods.
Reduction Potential Predictions for Thirty-Seven 1,4-di-N-Oxide Quinoxaline-2-Carboxamide Derivatives with Anti-Tuberculosis Activity
Authors: Pooladian Faranak , Crawford Philip W. , Kessler Jonathan M. , Casey Garrett R. , Ragain Christina M.
Published: January 2023

The ability for density functional theory with the B3LYP functional with the lanl2dz basis set to predict the 1st (Wave 1) and 2nd (Wave 2) reductions of the diazine ring in a series of thirty-seven (37) 1,4-di-N-oxide quinoxaline-2-carboxamide derivatives in dimethylformamide was examined. The B3LYP/lanl2dz method had a strong correlation and low correlation to the experimental potentials for Wave 1 and Wave 2, respectively. There are nine identifiable analogs based on similarities of structure. The predicted reduction potentials for the derivatives of each analog generally fit the modified Hammett equation. The B3LYP/lanl2dz method is shown to be useful in accurately predicting the Wave 1 potentials for quinoxaline-di-N-oxide derivatives. For derivatives with assessable anti-tuberculosis activity, the predicted Wave 1 potentials have a similar correlation with the bioactivity when compared to the experimental wave 1 potentials.
Purely Off-Clamp Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Stands the Test of Time: 15 Years Functional and Oncologic Outcomes from a Single Center Experience
Authors: Brassetti Aldo , Anceschi Umberto , Bove Alfredo Maria , Prata Francesco , Costantini Manuela , Ferriero Mariaconsiglia , Mastroianni Riccardo , Misuraca Leonardo , Tuderti Gabriele , Torregiani Giulia , Covotta Marco , Gallucci Michele , Simone Giuseppe
Published: January 2023

Background: Nephron-sparing surgery represents the gold standard treatment for organ-confined renal tumors. We present 15-years of outcomes after off-clamp laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (ocLPN). Methods: a retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent ocLPN between May 2001 and December 2005. Baseline demographic, clinical, pathologic, surgical, functional and survival data were collected. The Kaplan–Meier method evaluated group-specific oncologic outcomes at 5, 10 and 15 years and the log rank test assessed differences between groups. The same analysis investigated the probabilities of developing a significant renal function impairment (sRFI) and achieving ROMeS. Cox analyses identified predictors of this latter tricomposite outcome. Results: We included 63 patients whose median tumor size was 3 cm (IQR:2–4). At 15 years, the chances of developing local recurrence, metachronous renal cancers or distant metastases were 2 ± 2%, 23 ± 6% and 17 ± 5%, respectively. Consequently, disease-free, cancer-specific and overall-survival probabilities were 68 ± 6%, 90 ± 4% and 72 ± 6%. MCRSS and UCISS well predicted oncologic outcomes. Overall, nine (14%) patients experienced an sRFI and 33 (52%) achieved ROMeS. Age (HR: 1.046; p = 0.033) and malignant histology (low-risk cancers HR: 3.233, p = 0.048) (intermediate/high risk cancers HR: 5.721, p = 0.023) were independent predictors of ROMeS non-achievement. Conclusions: At 15 years from ocLPN, most of patients will experience both excellent functional and oncologic outcomes.
Widespread and Long-Enduring Hyperkeratosis Lenticularis Perstans (Flegel’s Disease): Clinico-Pathological and Dermoscopic Features of a Rare Presentation
Authors: Stabile Giorgio , Paolino Giovanni , Rizzo Nathalie , Rongioletti Franco
Published: January 2023

Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans, also known as Flegel’s disease (FD), is a rare cutaneous disorder affecting mainly the lower extremities of middle-aged people. Due to its rarity, this disease is usually not recognized by physicians resulting in a delay in diagnosis, especially in those cases with atypical cutaneous involvement. Herein, we present a 72-year-old woman who developed FD characterized by a generalized distribution, involving, in addition to the lower limbs, the trunk and the upper limbs as well. We performed a description of the dermoscopic and pathologic features of this rare entity, also carrying out a brief reappraisal of the cases of FD with a diffuse, atypical and generalized distribution that have been described in the literature. Histopathology with clinical correlation is the cornerstone of the diagnosis, even and especially in atypical cases. This patient with a disease duration of 58 years also represents the longest-lasting case of FD reported in the literature.