bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving spectral efficiency of digital radio-over-fiber transmission using two-dimensional discrete cosine transform with vector quantization
Authors: Feng Xia , Ye Jia , Yan Lianshan , Luo Jianwei , Li Peng , Pan Wei , Zou Xihua , Luo Bin
Published: July 2021

Radio-over-fiber (RoF) transmission is a quite reliable technology to support the current and future demands of rapidly progressing broadband wireless network with large capacity and high spectral efficiency. In this paper, we report and demonstrate a digital RoF transmission system using two-dimensional discrete cosine transform with vector quantization (2D-DCT-VQ). By employing the 2D-DCT-VQ technique, the spectral efficiency can be greatly improved, while the system performance is comparable to the traditional approach without compression. The proposed method is experimentally demonstrated in a 20-km 5-Gbaud/λ four-level pulse modulation intensity-modulation/direct-detection optical link. In the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing -modulated downlink illustrated experimentally, the transmission rate rises by 69.49% on account of the compressed samples by using the proposed method.
Wavelength-tunable L-band mode-locked fiber laser using a long-period fiber grating
Authors: Jiang Junjie , Huang Qianqian , Ma Yuehui , Liao Dandan , Huang Zinan , Dai Lilong , Liu Yunqi , Mou Chengbo , Araimi Mohammed Al , Rozhin Aleksey
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate an L-band wavelength-tunable passively mode-locked fiber laser using a single long-period fiber grating (LPFG) as a narrow-band optical attenuator (NBOA). Through bending the LPFG, the central wavelength can be continuously tuned from 1582.02 to 1597.29 nm, while the output power only varies from 1.465 to 1.057 mW, approximately a rate of 22 µW/nm variation. This is the first time that LPFG is functioned as a NBOA in mode-locked fiber lasers, showing the great advantage of less impact on output power variation reduction. Besides, the total cavity length is 5.08 m, which is the shortest length yet reported in wavelength-tunable mode-locked fiber lasers. The wavelength tuning could also be realized at harmonic mode locking with tuning range of 14.69 nm under 5th harmonic.
Scaling potential of beam-splitter-based coherent beam combination
Authors: Müller Michael , Aleshire Christopher , Buldt Joachim , Stark Henning , Grebing Christian , Klenke Arno , Limpert Jens
Published: July 2021

The impact of nonlinear refraction and residual absorption on the achievable peak- and average power in beam-splitter-based coherent beam combination is analyzed theoretically. While the peak power remains limited only by the aperture size, a fundamental average power limit is given by the thermo-optical and thermo-mechanical properties of the beam splitter material and its coatings. Based on our analysis, 100 kW average power can be obtained with state-of-the-art optics at maintained high beam quality (M2 ≤ 1.1) and at only 2% loss of combining efficiency. This result indicates that the power-scaling potential of today’s beam-splitter-based coherent beam combination is far from being depleted. A potential scaling route to megawatt-level average power is discussed for optimized beam splitter geometry.
Dual-color meta-image display with a silver nanopolarizer based metasurface
Authors: Zhang Yilun , Chen Ming , Qin Zujun , Teng Chuanxin , Cheng Yu , Xu Ronghui , Liu Houquan , Deng Shijie , Deng Hongchang , Yang Hongyan , Qu Shiliang , Yuan Libo
Published: July 2021

Plasmonic metallic nanostructures with anisotropic design have unusual polarization-selective characteristic which can be utilized to build nanopolarizers at the nanoscale. Herein, we propose a dual-color image display platform by reconfiguring two types of silver nanoblocks in a single-celled metasurface. Governed by Malus’s law, the two types of silver nanoblocks both acting as nanopolarizers with different orientations can continuously modulate the intensity of incident linearly polarized red and green light pixel-by-pixel, respectively. As a result, an ultra-compact, high-resolution, and continuous-greyscale dual-color image can be recorded right at the surface of the meta-device. We demonstrate the dual-color Malus metasurface by successfully encoding and decoding a red-green continuously-grayscale image into a metasurface sample. The experimentally captured meta-image with high-fidelity and resolution as high as 63500 dots per inch (dpi) has verified our proposal. With the advantages such as continuous grayscale modulation, ultrathin, high stability and high density, the proposed dual-color encoded metasurfaces can be readily used in ultra-compact image displays, high-end anti-counterfeiting, high-density optical information storage and information encryption, etc.
Resonantly pumped Ce3+ mid-infrared lasing in selenide glass
Authors: Denker B. I. , Galagan B. I. , Sverchkov S. E. , Koltashev V. V. , Plotnichenko V. G. , Sukhanov M. V. , Velmuzhov A. P. , Frolov M. P. , Korostelin Yu. V. , Kozlovsky V. I. , Leonov S. O. , Fjodorow P. , Skasyrsky Ya. K.
Published: July 2021

In high purity

C
e

3
+

-doped selenide glass pumped by a 4.08 µm Fe:ZnSe laser, 5.1–5.5 µm laser oscillations were observed. This is the first evidence of laser action corresponding to the

2

F

7

/

2

→

2

F

5

/

2

transition of

C
e

3
+

ions.
Evolution, systematics and historical biogeography of sand flies of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotomus) inferred using restriction-site associated DNA markers
Authors: Cruaud Astrid , Lehrter Véronique , Genson Guenaëlle , Rasplus Jean-Yves , Depaquit Jérôme
Published: July 2021

Phlebotomine sand flies are the main natural vectors of Leishmania, which cause visceral and tegumentary tropical diseases worldwide. However, their taxonomy and evolutionary history remain poorly studied. Indeed, as for many human disease vectors, their small size is a challenge for morphological and molecular works. Here, we successfully amplified unbiased copies of whole genome to sequence thousands of restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) markers from single specimens of phlebotomines. RAD markers were used to infer a fully resolved phylogeny of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus (11 species + 5 outgroups, 32 specimens). The subgenus was not recovered as monophyletic and we describe a new subgenus Artemievus subg. nov. Depaquit for Phlebotomus alexandri. We also confirm the validity of Ph. riouxi which is reinstated as valid species. Our analyses suggest that Paraphlebotomus sensu nov. originated ca 12.9–8.5 Ma and was possibly largely distributed from peri-Mediterranean to Irano-Turanian regions. Its biogeographical history can be summarized into three phases: i) a first split between Ph. riouxi + Ph. chabaudi and other species that may have resulted from the rise of the Saharan belt ca 8.5 Ma; ii) a Messinian vicariant event (7.3–5.3 Ma) during which the prolonged drought could have resulted in the divergence of main lineages; iii) a recent radiation event (3–2 Ma) that correspond to cycles of wet and dry periods in the Middle East and the East African subregions during the Pleistocene. Interestingly these cycles are also hypothetical drivers of the diversification of rodents, in the burrows of which Paraphlebotomus larvae develop. By meeting the challenge of sequencing pangenomics markers from single, minute phlebotomines, this work opens new avenues for improving our understanding of the epidemiology of leishmaniases and possibly other human diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors.
Short Report: Early genomic detection of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 variant in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Tosta Stephane , Giovanetti Marta , Brandão Nardy Vanessa , Reboredo de Oliveira da Silva Luciana , Kelly Astete Gómez Marcela , Gomes Lima Jaqueline , Wanderley Cardoso Cristiane , Oliveira Silva Tarcisio , São Pedro Leal de Souza Marcia , Presta Dia Pedro Henrique , Fonseca Vagner , de Oliveira Tulio , Lourenço José , Carlos Junior Alcantara Luiz , Pereira Felicidade , Leal Arabela
Published: July 2021

Tracking the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is crucial to inform public health efforts and control the ongoing pandemic. Here, we report genetic evidence for circulation of the P.1 variant in Northeast Brazil. We advocate for increased active surveillance to ensure adequate control of this variant throughout the country.
A novel vehicle-mounted sticky trap; an effective sampling tool for savannah tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado
Authors: Muyobela Jackson , Pirk Christian W. W. , Yusuf Abdullahi A. , Mbewe Njelembo J. , Sole Catherine L.
Published: July 2021

Background

Black screen fly round (BFR) is a mobile sampling method forGlossina morsitans. This technique relies on the ability of operator(s) to capture flies landing on the screen with hand nets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a vehicle-mounted sticky panel trap (VST) that is independent of the operator’s ability to capture flies against BFR, for effective and rapid sampling ofG.m.morsitansWestwood andG.m.centralisMachado. We also determined the influence of the VST colour (all-blue, all-black or 1:1 blue-black), orientation and presence of odour attractants on tsetse catch.

Methodology/Principal findings

Using randomised block design experiments conducted in Zambia, we compared and modelled the number of tsetse flies caught in the treatment arms using negative binomial regression. There were no significant differences in the catch indices of the three colour designs and for in-line or transversely oriented panels for both subspecies (P > 0.05). When baited with butanone and 1-octen-3-ol, VST caught 1.38 (1.11–1.72;P < 0.01) times moreG.m.centralisflies than the un-baited trap. Attractants did not significantly increase the VST catch index forG.m.morsitans(P > 0.05). Overall, the VST caught 2.42 (1.91–3.10;P < 0.001) and 2.60 (1.50–3.21;P < 0.001) times moreG.m.centralisandG.m.morsitansrespectively, than the BFR. The VST and BFR took 10 and 35 min respectively to cover a 1 km transect.

Conclusion/Significance

The VST is several times more effective for samplingG.m.morsitansandG.m.centralisthan the BFR and we recommend its use as an alternative sampling tool.
Factors affecting IGF-I level and correlation with growth response during growth hormone treatment in LG Growth Study
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Kim Su Jin , Lee Jieun , Shin Choong Ho , Seo Ji-Young
Published: July 2021

Growth hormone treatment strategies to achieve the goal include the titration of GH doses according to serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations. However, IGF-I levels do not always correlate well with the growth response. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the IGF-I concentration and identify the relationship between IGF-I and the treatment response. The data of prepubertal children treated with recombinant human GH for more than one year were obtained from the LG Growth Study (LGS) Database. This study includes patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), organic growth hormone deficiency (OGHD), or Turner syndrome (TS) or small for gestational age (SGA). Among 2,021 participants registered in LGS, 366 subjects were selected, 252 had IGHD, 16 had OGHD, 31 had TS, and 67 were SGA. In the IGHD and SGA groups, IGF-I levels had a positive correlation with weight SDS. There was no significant relationship between the pre-treatment IGF-I level and growth response. However, in the IGHD group, the growth response was significantly higher when the change in the IGF-I SDS value was 1 or more (p = 0.0013). Therefore, IGF-I concentrations should be used as an indicator to monitor the treatment compliance rather than for efficacy determination in Korean children of short stature with GH treatment.
Interest on reserves, helicopter money and new monetary policy
Authors: Ngotran Duong
Published: July 2021

We build a nonlinear dynamic model with currency, demand deposits and bank reserves. Monetary base is controlled by central bank, while money supply is determined by the interactions between central bank, commercial banks and public. In economic crises when banks cut loans, monetary policy following a Taylor rule is not efficient. Negative interest on reserves or forward guidance is effective, but deflation is still likely to be persistent. If central bank simultaneously targets both interest rate and money supply by a Taylor rule and a Friedman’s k-percent rule, inflation and output are stabilized. An interest rate rule policy is just a subset of a more general monetary policy framework in which central bank can move interest rate and money supply in every direction.
Unaffected fellow eye neovascularization in patients with type 3 neovascularization: Incidence and risk factors
Authors: Kwak Jae Hyuck , Park Woo Kyung , Kim Rae Young , Kim Mirinae , Park Young-Gun , Park Young-Hoon
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of neovascularization in unaffected fellow eyes of patients diagnosed with type 3 neovascularization in Korea.

Methods

This retrospective study included 93 unaffected fellow eyes of 93 patients diagnosed with type 3 neovascularization. For initial type 3 neovascularization diagnosis, optical coherence tomography and angiography were conducted. These baseline data were compared between patients with and without neovascularization in their fellow eyes during the follow-up period.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 66.1±31.1 months. Neovascularization developed in 49 (52.8%) fellow eyes after a mean period of 29.5±19.6 months. In the fellow eye neovascularization group, the incidence of soft drusen and reticular pseudodrusen was significantly higher than that in the non-neovascularization group (83.7% vs. 36.5%, p<0.001; 67.3% vs. 40.9%, p = 0.017, respectively), but the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) showed a significantly lower value (60.7±2.0% vs. 61.7±2.5%; p = 0.047). The presence of reticular pseudodrusen was related with the duration from baseline to development of fellow eye neovascularization (p = 0.038).

Conclusion

Neovascularization developed in 52.8% of unaffected fellow eyes. The presence of soft drusen, reticular pseudodrusen, and lower CVI values can be considered risk factors of neovascularization in unaffected fellow eyes of patients with type 3 neovascularization. The lower CVI values suggest that choroidal ischemic change may affect the development of choroidal neovascularization in these patients.
Modeling vaccination strategies in an Excel spreadsheet: Increasing the rate of vaccination is more effective than increasing the vaccination coverage for containing COVID-19
Authors: Alvarez Mario Moisés , Bravo-González Sergio , Trujillo-de Santiago Grissel
Published: July 2021

We have investigated the importance of the rate of vaccination to contain COVID-19 in urban areas. We used an extremely simple epidemiological model that is amenable to implementation in an Excel spreadsheet and includes the demographics of social distancing, efficacy of massive testing and quarantine, and coverage and rate of vaccination as the main parameters to model the progression of COVID-19 pandemics in densely populated urban areas. Our model predicts that effective containment of pandemic progression in densely populated cities would be more effectively achieved by vaccination campaigns that consider the fast distribution and application of vaccines (i.e., 50% coverage in 6 months) while social distancing measures are still in place. Our results suggest that the rate of vaccination is more important than the overall vaccination coverage for containing COVID-19. In addition, our modeling indicates that widespread testing and quarantining of infected subjects would greatly benefit the success of vaccination campaigns. We envision this simple model as a friendly, readily accessible, and cost-effective tool for assisting health officials and local governments in the rational design/planning of vaccination strategies.
Quinazolin-derived myeloperoxidase inhibitor suppresses influenza A virus-induced reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory mediators and improves cell survival
Authors: De La Cruz Juan A. , Ganesh Thota , Diebold Becky A. , Cao Weiping , Hofstetter Amelia , Singh Neetu , Kumar Amrita , McCoy James , Ranjan Priya , Smith Susan M. E. , Sambhara Suryaprakash , Lambeth J. David , Gangappa Shivaprakash
Published: July 2021

Superoxide radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in influenza A virus-induced inflammation. In thisin vitrostudy, we evaluated the effects of TG6-44, a novel quinazolin-derived myeloperoxidase-specific ROS inhibitor, on influenza A virus (A/X31) infection using THP-1 lung monocytic cells and freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). TG6-44 significantly decreased A/X31-induced ROS and virus-induced inflammatory mediators in THP-1 cells (IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, TNF-α, MIP-1β) and in human PBMC (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1). Interestingly, TG6-44-treated THP-1 cells showed a decrease in percent cells expressing viral nucleoprotein, as well as a delay in translocation of viral nucleoprotein into the nucleus. Furthermore, in influenza A virus-infected cells, TG6-44 treatment led to suppression of virus-induced cell death as evidenced by decreased caspase-3 activation, decreased proportion of Annexin V+PI+cells, and increased Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects of TG6-44.
Behavioral contagion on social media: Effects of social norms, design interventions, and critical media literacy on self-disclosure
Authors: Masur Philipp K. , DiFranzo Dominic , Bazarova Natalie N.
Published: July 2021

Social norms are powerful determinants of human behaviors in offline and online social worlds. While previous research established a correlational link between norm perceptions and self-reported disclosure on social network sites (SNS), questions remain about downstream effects of prevalent behaviors on perceived norms and actual disclosure on SNS. We conducted two preregistered studies using a realistic social media simulation. We further analyzed buffering effects of critical media literacy and privacy nudging. The results demonstrate a disclosure behavior contagion, whereby a critical mass of posts with visual disclosures shifted norm perceptions, which, in turn, affected perceivers’ own visual disclosure behavior. Critical media literacy was negatively related and moderated the effect of norms on visual disclosure behavioral intentions. Neither critical media literacy nor privacy nudge affected actual disclosure behaviors, however. These results provide insights into how behaviors may spread on SNS through triggering changes in perceived social norms and subsequent disclosure behaviors.
Fully automated waist circumference measurement on abdominal CT: Comparison with manual measurements and potential value for identifying overweight and obesity as an adjunct output of CT scan
Authors: Joo Ijin , Kwak Min-Sun , Park Dae Hyun , Yoon Soon Ho
Published: July 2021

Objective

Waist circumference (WC) is a widely accepted anthropometric parameter of central obesity. We investigated a fully automated body segmentation algorithm for measuring WC on abdominal computed tomography (CT) in comparison to manual WC measurements (WC-manual) and evaluated the performance of CT-measured WC for identifying overweight/obesity.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included consecutive adults who underwent both abdominal CT scans and manual WC measurements at a health check-up between January 2013 and November 2019. Mid-waist WCs were automatically measured on noncontrast axial CT images using a deep learning-based body segmentation algorithm. The associations between CT-measured WC and WC-manual was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis and their agreement was assessed through Bland-Altman analysis. The performance of these WC measurements for identifying overweight/obesity (i.e., body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Among 763 subjects whose abdominal CT scans were analyzed using a fully automated body segmentation algorithm, CT-measured WCs were successfully obtained in 757 adults (326 women; mean age, 54.3 years; 64 women and 182 men with overweight/obesity). CT-measured WC was strongly correlated with WC-manual (r = 0.919, p < 0.001), and showed a mean difference of 6.1 cm with limits of agreement between -1.8 cm and 14.0 cm in comparison to WC-manual. For identifying overweight/obesity, CT-measured WC showed excellent performance, with areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of 0.960 (95% CI, 0.933–0.979) in women and 0.909 (95% CI, 0.878–0.935) in men, which were comparable to WC-manual (AUCs of 0.965 [95% CI, 0.938–0.982] and 0.916 [95% CI, 0.886–0.941]; p = 0.735 and 0.437, respectively).

Conclusion

CT-measured WC using a fully automated body segmentation algorithm was closely correlated with manually-measured WC. While radiation issue may limit its general use, it can serve as an adjunctive output of abdominal CT scans to identify overweight/obesity.
Atlas of voluntary facial muscle activation: Visualization of surface electromyographic activities of facial muscles during mimic exercises
Authors: Schumann Nikolaus P. , Bongers Kevin , Scholle Hans C. , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando
Published: July 2021

Complex facial muscle movements are essential for many motoric and emotional functions. Facial muscles are unique in the musculoskeletal system as they are interwoven, so that the contraction of one muscle influences the contractility characteristic of other mimic muscles. The facial muscles act more as a whole than as single facial muscle movements. The standard for clinical and psychosocial experiments to detect these complex interactions is surface electromyography (sEMG). What is missing, is an atlas showing which facial muscles are activated during specific tasks. Based on high-resolution sEMG data of 10 facial muscles of both sides of the face simultaneously recorded during 29 different facial muscle tasks, an atlas visualizing voluntary facial muscle activation was developed. For each task, the mean normalized EMG amplitudes of the examined facial muscles were visualized by colors. The colors were spread between the lowest and highest EMG activity. Gray shades represent no to very low EMG activities, light and dark brown shades represent low to medium EMG activities and red shades represent high to very high EMG activities relatively with respect to each task. The present atlas should become a helpful tool to design sEMG experiments not only for clinical trials and psychological experiments, but also for speech therapy and orofacial rehabilitation studies.
Subacute SARS-CoV-2 replication can be controlled in the absence of CD8+ T cells in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Nomura Takushi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Nishizawa Masako , Hau Trang Thi Thu , Harada Shigeyoshi , Ishii Hiroshi , Seki Sayuri , Nakamura-Hoshi Midori , Okazaki Midori , Daigen Sachie , Kawana-Tachikawa Ai , Nagata Noriyo , Iwata-Yoshikawa Naoko , Shiwa Nozomi , Iida Shun , Katano Harutaka , Suzuki Tadaki , Park Eun-Sil , Maeda Ken , Suzaki Yuriko , Ami Yasushi , Matano Tetsuro
Published: July 2021

SARS-CoV-2 infection presents clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to fatal respiratory failure. Despite the induction of functional SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in convalescent individuals, the role of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the control of SARS-CoV-2 replication remains unknown. In the present study, we show that subacute SARS-CoV-2 replication can be controlled in the absence of CD8+ T cells in cynomolgus macaques. Eight macaques were intranasally inoculated with 105 or 106 TCID50 of SARS-CoV-2, and three of the eight macaques were treated with a monoclonal anti-CD8 antibody on days 5 and 7 post-infection. In these three macaques, CD8+ T cells were undetectable on day 7 and thereafter, while virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were induced in the remaining five untreated animals. Viral RNA was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs for 10–17 days post-infection in all macaques, and the kinetics of viral RNA levels in pharyngeal swabs and plasma neutralizing antibody titers were comparable between the anti-CD8 antibody treated and untreated animals. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the pharyngeal mucosa and/or retropharyngeal lymph node obtained at necropsy on day 21 in two of the untreated group but undetectable in all macaques treated with anti-CD8 antibody. CD8+ T-cell responses may contribute to viral control in SARS-CoV-2 infection, but our results indicate possible containment of subacute viral replication in the absence of CD8+ T cells, implying that CD8+ T-cell dysfunction may not solely lead to viral control failure.
Early antibody responses associated with survival in COVID19 patients
Authors: Zhou Zhao-Hua , Dharmarajan Sai , Lehtimaki Mari , Kirshner Susan L. , Kozlowski Steven
Published: July 2021

Neutralizing antibodies to the SARS CoV-2 spike proteins have been issued Emergency Use Authorizations and are a likely mechanism of vaccines to prevent COVID-19. However, benefit of treatment with monoclonal antibodies has only been observed in clinical trials in outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 but not in patients who are hospitalized and/or have advanced disease. To address this observation, we evaluated the timing of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibody production in hospitalized patients with the use of a highly sensitive multiplexed bead-based immunoassay allowing for early detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. We found significantly lower levels of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the first week after symptom onset in patients who expired as compared to patients who were discharged. We also developed a model to characterize the relationship between each patient’s individual antibody level trajectory and eventual COVID 19 outcome which can be adapted into a prediction model with more data.
Convergência tecnológica como movimento intra e intersocial: as contradições dos processos de inserção das TICs na educação
Authors: Lopes Reis Márcia
Published: July 2021

Este artigo analisa o movimento contraditório intra e intersocial que tipifica a convergência tecnológica, sobretudo quando analisada no contexto de inserção das TICs na prática cotidiana da escola. Nesse locus diferenciado, a principal característica parece ser o continuum do movimento de afirmação e negação dos processos de produção, apropriação e difusão do conhecimento científico-tecnológico. A partir de uma análise sociológica da complexidade da expressão ‘convergência tecnológica’, inicialmente apropriada dos matemáticos, esse artigo tem como escopo a compreensão do multifacetado modo de reificação da tecnologia para além do âmbito de produção material. Dada sua dimensão econômica como instrumento para a solução de problemas concretos, a convergência tecnológica tende a agregar e aprofundar o sentido de um movimento intra e intersocial em seu processo de constituição. Esta reflexão sociológica atualiza o conceito valendo-se dos fatores que constituem uma nova convergência tecnológica, atribuindo-lhes dimensão simbólica e ideológica que o estudo, em profundidade, demanda.
Cruce de culturas en la escuela
Authors: Padrós María , Tellado Itxaso
Published: July 2021

Los centros educativos son una realidad multicultural, donde conviven diferentesminorías culturales, lenguas, religiones, formas de vida y códigos sociales. Lapedagogía crítica plantea formas de vivir y aprender en este cruce de culturas que superantanto el modelo etnocéntrico de racismo (asimilación a la cultura considerada “superior”)como el modelo relativista (énfasis en la diferencia y renuncia a la igualdad),apostando por la idea de igualdad de las diferencias. En el artículo se exponen formascríticas de fomentar el cruce entre culturas y bagajes históricos, entre lenguas, religionesy creencias. Se plantea que el consenso es posible en el marco de la pluralidad de identidadesy pautas culturales, y que el diálogo igualitario entre culturas en la escuela promueveno sólo transformaciones individuales sino también cambios en las relacionessociales.
El reto y promesa de la pedagogía crítica en la nueva era de la información: una entrevista con Henry Giroux
Authors: Giroux Henry
Published: July 2021

En esta entrevista Giroux explora las diferentes conceptualizaciones emancipadorasy autoritarias de la educación, destacando el carácter político de la misma porsu posibilidad de conectar conocimiento, autoridad y poder. La educación crítica esentendida como resultado de luchas particulares, conectadas a comunidades específicas,a recursos disponibles y a historias, identidades y experiencias del alumnado. Girouxconceptualiza la educación como un desafío, que intenta llevar a las personas más alládel mundo que conocen. Así se posibilitan formas de conocimiento que hacen posible laextensión de la cultura democrática. Pero Giroux también analiza la realidad de la educaciónsuperior, afectada por una crisis política y de legitimidad, que dificulta el desarrollode principios democráticos e impone términos instrumentales y comerciales. Anteello, el autor reclama un papel activo desde la universidad para solucionar los problemasde nuestras sociedades, proporcionando al alumnado conocimiento crítico para respondera las tendencias anti-democráticas actuales.
Alfabetización virtual y gestión del conocimiento
Authors: López-barajas Zayas Emilio
Published: July 2021

La alfabetización digital se hace necesaria especialmente en las llamadas sociedades avanzadas. Hace referencia al grado de competencia de los ciudadanos frente a un objetivo concreto que es la capacidad para utilizar las herramientas digitales básicas. La habilidad es entendida como una cierta aptitud permanente que se consigue mediante la práctica en estas nuevas formas de tecnología. La Sociedad del Conocimiento y la información se caracterizan por el uso generalizado de estas nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en cualquier entorno o actividad humanos que facilita la optimización de los recursos disponibles, ya sea a los individuos o a las organizaciones. La alfabetización digital se considera un proceso de aprendizaje significativo a través del cual se alcanzan los conocimientos tecnológicos necesarios para la utilización de lo que propiamente se podría denominar infotecnologías, con objeto de mejorar la calidad de los procesos y resultados en cualquier servicio o producto.
Comunidades virtuales prácticas de alfabetización múltiple
Authors: Melaré Varros Daniela , García Pérez Calabuig María
Published: July 2021

Las tecnologías han transformado nuestra forma de interactuar con los demás. Se están ampliando las dimensiones del proceso participativo en los entornos digitales, como escenarios educativos, gracias a las redes sociales de aprendizaje. En la actualidad se han creado nuevas maneras de comunicarnos y aprender, un colectivo de redes sociales que posibilitan la participación de todos los involucrados, y por tanto también son herramientas de aprendizaje social. Las posibilidades comunicativas amplían las dimensiones educativas en los escenarios digitales. La participación pasa de ser una posibilidad para convertirse en la fuente principal del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje colaborativo. Es necesario la revisión de los enfoques pedagógicos y la creación de metodologías apropiadas al escenario educativo que surge en la modalidad virtual. El desafío actual es la formación y desarrollo de competencias gracias a la alfabetización múltiple que proporcionan las comunidades virtuales de aprendizaje.
Fuentes de información y bases de datos para investigación en ciencia y tecnología: estudio, análisis y búsqueda
Authors: Brocos Fernández José Martín
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo analiza las diferentes fuentes de información donde se encuadran las disciplinas técnico-científicas. Examina la tipología de fuentes de información multidisciplinar con contenido científico-técnico; la tipología de las fuentes de información generales en ciencia y tecnología; y la tipología de las fuentes de información especializadas en áreas científico-técnicas; presentando una selección de recursos evaluados y descritos de alta calidad.
Hacia las comunidades virtuales de aprendizaje, aprender para apropiarse de los nuevos medios digitales
Authors: Jerónimo Montes José Antonio
Published: July 2021

Se presentan los resultados de un análisis de los procesos de formación, considerando las posibilidades de los entornos virtuales para facilitar u obstaculizar la colaboración en Red, y por ende la construcción de comunidades de práctica, con la finalidad de avanzar hacia la construcción de comunidades de aprendizaje, basadas en la colaboración a distancia haciendo uso de un entorno de teleformación. lo anterior para de evaluar de que forma esos sistemas de gestión de los aprendizajes en Red (LMS) incorporan elementos de diseño virtual para la metodología que se desea incorporar en los procesos de evaluación cualitativa y cuantitativa, específicamente los espacios virtuales para el trabajo colaborativo y las herramientas de comunicación como son los foros virtuales.
Atypical cinical manifestation of leprosy in Indonesian male adolescent: a case report
Authors: Samsudin Dion Darius , Karyanti Mulya Rahma
Published: July 2021

Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is a chronic infectious disease with high prevalence, but often neglected in Indonesia. Indonesia ranks the 3rd worldwide, after India and Brazil, with 17,439 new cases reported in 2019.1 This disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus, which mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract mucosa, and eyes. Early diagnosis of the disease is fundamental, because delayed treatment may lead to severe deformities and disabilities.2 The current multidrug treatment (MDT) for leprosy is widely available in Indonesia for free.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO),1 leprosy is one of 20 diseases recognised as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), a group of disease which present significant burden amongst the poorest, often unheard communities. Eradication of leprosy is challenging because of the difficulty in diagnosis, as leprosy imitates various diseases, as well as treatment delay, high transmission, and social stigma. The regions of highest leprosy prevalence in Indonesia are in Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua.3,4

Among 17,439 new cases in 2019, 1,861 (10%) were children under 15 years of age.1 The detection of new cases in children indicates high transmission, and lack of mechanisms to control endemic infections.2 The aim of this report is to share our experience in diagnosing advanced stage leprosy with atypical clinical characteristics in a male adolescent.
Infeksi Susunan Saraf Pusat pada Anak: Sebuah Studi Potong Lintang Deskriptif Selama Lima Tahun
Authors: Octavius Gilbert Sterling , Raditya Albertus Boyke , Kimberly Ervina , Suwandi Jeremiah , Christy Monica , Juliansen Andry
Published: July 2021

Latar belakang. Infeksi susunan saraf pusast memiliki morbiditas dan mortalitas apabila tidak ditangani secara tepat. Penanganan yang tidak sesuai juga berisiko tinggi untuk menimbulkan kecacatan pada kemudian hari. Tipe-tipe infeksi susunan saraf pusat dapat berupa meningitis, ensefalitis dan meningoensefalitis yang memiliki etiologi dan manifestasi klinis yang beragam.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik klinis pada setiap infeksi sistem saraf pusat baik dari segi manifestasi klinis, radiologis, serta terapi pada setiap pasien.Metode. Anak berusia 0-18 tahun yang didiagnosis meningitis, ensefalitis dan meningoensefalitis dari Januari 2015 hingga September 2019 diinklusikan pada studi potong lintang ini. Data diambil melalui rekam medis.Hasil. Terdapat 45 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dan laki-laki mendominasi pada studi ini (57,8%). Meningitis ditemukan pada 37,8% pasien, ensefalitis pada 22,2% pasien, dan meningoensefalitis pada 40% pasien. Tuberkulosis menjadi etiologi tersering yang ditemukan pada studi ini sebesar 71,1%. Median durasi rawat inap terpanjang ditemukan pada pasien dengan meningoensefalitis (15,5 hari) dan kortikosteroid merupakan pengobatan yang sering digunakan untuk mengatasi infeksi susunan saraf pusat.Kesimpulan. Infeksi SSP lebih sering terjadi pada anak di bawah <5 tahun. Sebagian besar anak-anak datang dengan penurunan kesadaran akut dan TB masih merupakan penyebab utama dari infeksi SSP. Pasien dengan meningitis TB atau meningoensefalitis TB datang dengan derajat MRC 2-3 yang berkorelasi dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi sehingga diagnosis dan tatalaksana yang tepat diperlukan oleh para klinisi untuk memperbaiki luaran pasien.
Transmedia project: strategy of communicative interactive (based on the material from the «RBC Pro» website)
Authors: Deminova Marina
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the transmedia project of the «RBC Pro» website as an interactive platform on which a media product is formed that has a certain value for the target audience. Traditional methods of obtaining information are not attractive to audiences today. New consumer demands have influenced the emergence of the transmedia format. A new cultural practice of perceiving media content was to emerge. Modern communication technologies give journalism the opportunity to present information through not only traditional means, but also using other digital data transfer tools. The use of transmedia tools was the answer of journalism to the demands of the audience. This study identifies the types of communication strategies used to create the «RBC Pro» transmedia project, systematizes the transmedia principles and technologies for promoting a media product that is attractive for interactive interaction with the audience. The novelty of the research is the disclosure of the multiplication effect of the organizing function of the media, which creatively implements modern technologies for creating and promoting media content.
Structure of Author’s Concept «Witch» (a Case Study of J. K. Rowling’s Novel «Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire»)
Authors: Mozgacheva Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

This article describes the core structure of one of the most important concepts in the series of novels by J. K. Rowling «Harry Potter», the concept «witch» and its corresponding concept in the Russian language, the concept «ведьма». Both of these concepts are extremely important for the majority of fantasy pieces of literature, they contribute to the authentic worldview. The model of the author’s concept «witch» is conveyed with the help of the analyses of verbalization of the concept in the original text. The invariant features of the concept are identified by comparing the models of traditional and author’s concepts, as well as the unique markers of the author’s concept. The most common transformations and techniques used by translators are highlighted through the comparative analyses of two variants of translation of the same novel. This also shows the ways that were used to verbalize the English concepts in Russian translation.
Síndrome de Valentino: una causa no común de abdomen agudo. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Veintimilla Hurtado Jaime Lenin , Rivas Ullaguari Ana Belén , Quito Becerra Alonso Xavier , Patiño Cuenca Viviana Gisela , Castillo Andrade Yessica Gabriela
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Valentino’s syndrome is secondary to a perforated peptic ulcer, which could be located in the stomach or the duodenum, patients present with clinical features that suggest acute appendicitis, with localized peritonitis. There are few case reports about this syndrome worldwide and no one submitted in Ecuador. It is essential to transmit this clinical case for the knowledge of the medical- scientific community. CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old male patient came to the emergency department with abdominal pain, located in the right iliac fossa, that began 12 hours ago, associated to peritoneal irritation signs and hemodynamic decompensation; suggestive of peritonitis. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. EVOLUTION: During exploratory laparotomy, no inflammatory changes were identified in the appendix. After abdominal cavity exploration, a perforated gastric ulcer was found. Primary raffia was stitched in two planes, incidental appendectomy and lavage of the abdominal cavity were performed. The patient had a successful recovery; and was discharged after 7 days at hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The perforation of a peptic ulcer can generate right iliac fossa pain, simulating acute appendicitis due to its clinical similarity. The medical team should consider Valentino’s Syndrome as an important differential diagnosis during the evaluation of a patient that arrives to the emergency room with abdominal pain, suggestive of appendicitis. KEYWORDS: ABDOMINAL PAIN, ILIUM, APPENDICITIS, PEPTIC ULCER PERFORATION, ABDOMEN ACU-TE, PERITONITIS
Minireview: Situación actual del cáncer de cuello uterino en Ecuador, 2019
Authors: Vega Crespo Bernardo José , Neira Molina Vivian Alejandra , Flores Salinas María Antonieta , Guerra Astudillo Gabriela Mireya , Mora Bravo Lorena Viviana , Ortiz Segarra José Ignacio
Published: July 2021

Cervical cancer is a neoplasm mainly caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is acquired through sexual contact. Cervical cancer is more prevalent in low and middle income countries; 88% of worldwide deaths from this cause, occur in developing countries, such as Ecuador. The ELEVATE project (Early detection of cervical cancer in hard-to-reach populations of women through portable and point-of-care HPV testing), funded by the European Union, seeks to characterize the national context of this disease; with this purpose, we carried out a systematic search for scientific articles and gray literature, produced in Ecuador, using specialized search engines, and virtual repositories from universities and government institutions. KEYWORDS: UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS, HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS, PAPANICOLAOU TEST, PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, ECUADOR
Tratamento da Classe II esquelética com aparelho de Thurow durante a fase de dentição mista
Authors: Mira Paôla Caroline da Silva , Mendes Wendes Dias , Franco Natália Saud Junqueira , Santos Maria Cecília Gorita dos , Monteiro Patrícia Maria , Matsumoto Mírian Aiko Nakane , Stuani Maria Bernadete Sasso
Published: July 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1, possui diversas etiologias, e suas características clínicas e radiográficas se agravam com o crescimento. OBJETIVO: Demonstrar uma abordagem clínica do tratamento dessa má oclusão usando o aparelho de Thurow, realçando sua influência no crescimento ósseo. DESCRIÇÃO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 8 anos e 9 meses de idade, fase de dentição mista, oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1, segundo a classificação de Angle. Apresentava falta de selamento labial passivo, respiração mista, deglutição atípica, oclusão molar de Classe II, incisivos superiores com protrusão, trespasses vertical de 100% e horizontal acentuado. A análise cefalométrica demonstrou padrão esquelético de Classe II, com protrusão maxilar e retrusão da mandíbula. A opção de tratamento foi a instalação do aparelho de Thurow. Obteve-se correção da relação molar e da sobressaliência acentuada. Na análise cefalométrica final, a maxila estava bem posicionada em relação à base anterior do crânio, e a mandíbula continuou retruída. Os incisivos superiores foram verticalizados e retruídos, e os inferiores mantiveram sua posição inicial. CONCLUSÃO: O aparelho de Thurow agiu controlando o crescimento maxilar e melhorando a relação entre as arcadas. Além disso, corrigiu a relação molar e diminuiu a protrusão dos incisivos superiores.
Cirurgia ortognática versus avanço maxilomandibular no tratamento da SAOS
Authors: Faber Jorge , Faber Carolina , Candido Mônica dos Santos , Ottoboni Thiago , Macedo Sergio Bruzadelli , Bicalho Leandro
Published: July 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: As cirurgias esqueléticas para a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) passaram a ser implementadas como a primeira opção de tratamento em muitos casos. A cirurgia esquelética mais frequente é o avanço maxilomandibular (AMM), que é um procedimento altamente bem-sucedido. Frequentemente, o AMM é confundido com a cirurgia ortognática (CO). Essas duas cirurgias são muito similares na técnica de execução. Entretanto, os objetivos dos tratamentos têm diferenças contrastantes em dimensões tais que merecem a distinção dada na literatura aos dois procedimentos. A fase de preparo ortodôntico tradicional para os pacientes com SAOS nas CO tradicionais — i.e., a descompensação den- tária — não deve ser realizada, a não ser que os pacientes façam uso de um CPAP durante o preparo ortodôntico, pois o preparo tradicional é iatrogênico nos pacientes com SAOS. Assim, o tratamento com a técnica ortodôntica do Benefício Antecipado é fundamental para o tratamento do paciente com SAOS por meio do AMM. OBJETIVO: O presente artigo apresenta, por meio de um relato de caso, a distinção entre CO e AMM e apresenta como é feita a descompensação ortodôntica após a cirurgia.
Retração da arcada superior com ancoragem esquelética e controle da rotação do plano oclusal: relato de dois casos clínicos
Authors: Farret Marcel Marchiori
Published: July 2021

OBJETIVO: O uso da ancoragem esquelética para retração da arcada superior está se tornando comum nos tratamentos ortodônticos. Essa opção de tratamento reduz os efeitos colaterais da mecânica convencional, reduz a necessidade de cooperação do paciente e permite a correção de alguns problemas sem extração de dentes superiores em área estética, como os primeiros pré-molares. No entanto, muitos aspectos devem ser abordados na biomecânica para se evitar efeitos indesejáveis e resultados insatisfatórios. MÉTODO: Nesse contexto, no presente artigo são discutidos os principais aspectos relacionados ao sistema de forças durante a retração dos dentes superiores com dispositivos de ancoragem esquelética, e são apresentados dois casos em que a rotação do plano oclusal superior e o torque dos dentes anteriores superiores foram controlados de maneiras distintas, para se obter um bom resultado ao fim do tratamento. RESULTADO: Em ambos os casos, foi obtida uma boa oclusão, com resultados estéticos e funcionais adequados.
Aparelhos ortodônticos sobre mini-implantes: como proteger a região peri-implantar?
Authors: André Cristiane B
Published: July 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A preservação dos tecidos peri-implantares durante as mecânicas ortodônticas associadas aos mini-implantes é de extrema importância para o sucesso da técnica. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar um dispositivo de segurança para essa região, por meio de um sistema de anéis. DESCRIÇÃO: O anel é modelado de forma tridimensional, variando de acordo com a marca do mini-implante selecionado, biomecânica planejada e as variações anatômicas de cada paciente. Posteriormente, esse arquivo ganha sua forma física em aço inoxidável 304, por um processo de microusinagem, criando-se um pequeno anel circular, com um arredondamento que protege os tecidos ao seu redor. RESULTADOS: Com esse sistema, é possível desenhar um anel que seja compatível com cada marca de mini-implante, criando-se um design específico para o tipo de biomecânica escolhida. Uma vez que o anel é colocado sobre os mini-implantes previamente instalados, é possível trabalhar normalmente com instalações assimétricas. Esse sistema ainda possibilita a confecção de próteses provisórias, e diminui a indicação de etapas cirúrgicas, como a das miniplacas. CONCLUSÃO: A estabilidade dos mini-implantes, assim como a proteção da região implantar, são de extrema importância para o sucesso da mecânica. Por isso, é importante que os anéis confeccionados em CAD respeitem a anatomia do paciente, assim como atendam à biomecânica utilizada. Não podemos nos esquecer da escolha de um modelo adequado de mini-implante, bem como de uma correta aquisição de imagens, resultando em um trabalho de alta precisão.