bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gorczyciana sulawesica—a remarkable new plant bug genus and species(Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from Indonesia
Authors: WOLSKI ANDRZEJ , TASZAKOWSKI ARTUR
Published: June 2023

Gorczyciana gen. nov., a new remarkable genus of the subfamily Cylapinae, tribe Fulviini, is described from Indonesia. The new species Gorczyciana sulawesica sp. nov. from Sulawesi is documented with photographic images, SEM micrographs of the selected body parts, and female genitalic structures. Identification key to the cylapine tribes and genera of the tribe Fulviini of the Oriental Region is also given.
A distinctive new species of the coral shrimp genus Microprosthema Stimpson, 1860 from the Atlantic coast of Florida and Honduras (Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Spongicolidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR , JOSEPH W. GOY
Published: June 2023

A new species of the spongicolid coral shrimp genus Microprosthema Stimpson, 1860 is described on the basis of three specimens collected by hand while scuba diving off the Atlantic coast of southern Florida, with additional photographic records from Roatan, Honduras. Microprosthema dimitrisorum sp. nov. can be separated from all presently known species of the genus by a unique combination of morphological characters, and most easily, by its highly diagnostic and conspicuous colour pattern consisting of large red spots on most of the body and appendages.
Harnessing the power of AI language models for taxonomy and systematics: a follow-up to “Can ChatGPT be leveraged for taxonomic investigations? Potential and limitations of a new technology” by Davinack (2023)
Authors: SANTOS CHARLES MORPHY D. , GOIS JOÃO PAULO
Published: June 2023

N/A
12. How Young Children Played during the Covid-19 Lockdown in 2020 in Ireland
Authors: Egan Suzanne M. , Pope Jennifer , Beatty Chloé , Hoyne Clara
Published: June 2023

The Covid-19 measures put in place by governments around the world to restrict the movement of people and limit the spread of the virus also impacted on children’s play. The importance of play in children’s lives has been well documented and research shows it plays a role in all aspects of development, including physical, cognitive and socio-emotional development. This chapter reports some key findings on changes in young children’s play in an Irish context based on parental responses to an online survey, gathered during the first Covid-19 lockdown in Spring 2020. Over five hundred parents of children aged one to ten years responded to the survey during May and June 2020, approximately two months into the first lockdown in Ireland, when all schools, preschools, playgrounds and non-essential businesses were closed. The findings of the survey shed light on the types and amounts of play that young Irish children engaged in during this time. Young children in Ireland spent a considerable amount of time in multiple types of play, in rich home play environments with parents who valued and facilitated their play, both in terms of the physical resources they provided and the social support they engaged in while playing with their child. The findings also highlight the inclusion of the virus and restrictions in all types of children’s play, with approximately one-third of the children bringing pandemic-related information into their play (e.g. corona chasing, LEGO ventilators). Interpreting these results and other international research through a bio-ecological lens offers a good approach to make sense of, and learn from, these findings.
Kilometer-Scale Multimodel and Multiphysics Ensemble Simulations of a Mesoscale Convective System in the Lee of the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Climate Simulations
Authors: Kukulies Julia , Prein Andreas F. , Curio Julia , Yu Hongyong , Chen Deliang
Published: June 2023

Kilometer-scale climate model simulations are useful tools to investigate past and future changes in extreme precipitation, particularly in mountain regions, where convection is influenced by complex topography and land–atmosphere interactions. In this study, we evaluate simulations of a flood-producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) downstream of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the Sichuan basin from a kilometer-scale multimodel and multiphysics ensemble. The aim is to better understand the physical processes that need to be correctly simulated for successfully capturing downstream MCS formation. We assess how the ensemble members simulate these processes and how sensitive the simulations are to different model configurations. The preceding vortex evolution over the TP, its interaction with the jet stream, and water vapor advection into the basin are identified as key processes for the MCS formation. Most modeling systems struggle to capture the interaction between the vortex and jet stream, and perturbing the model physics has little impact, while constraining the large-scale flow by spectral nudging improves the simulation. This suggests that an accurate representation of the large-scale forcing is crucial to correctly simulate the MCS and associated precipitation. To verify whether the identified shortcomings systematically affect the MCS climatology in longer-term simulations, we evaluate a 1-yr WRF simulation and find that the seasonal cycle and spatial distribution of MCSs are reasonably well captured and not improved by spectral nudging. While the simulations of the MCS case highlight challenges in extreme precipitation forecasting, we conclude that these challenges do not systematically affect simulated climatological MCS characteristics.

Significance Statement

Convective storm systems in mountain regions are not well understood, because the spatial resolution in conventional regional climate models is too coarse to resolve relevant processes. Here, we evaluate high-resolution climate model simulations of a storm system on the downwind side of the Tibetan Plateau. Understanding which models and model setups work well to represent this type of storm system is important because high-resolution models can help us understand mechanisms of storm formation in mountain regions and how climate change will affect these. A key finding is that most of the models struggle to capture the selected storm case, while a 1-yr simulation shows that the general statistics of storm systems around the Tibetan Plateau are still reasonably well captured.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Iatrogenic Genitourinary Injuries During a Proctectomy
Authors: Roskam Justin S. , Pourghaderi Poya , Soliman Sara S. , Chang Grace C. , Rolandelli Rolando H. , Nemeth Zoltan H.
Published: June 2023

Background

It is critical to avoid iatrogenic injuries affecting genitourinary organs in order to prevent postoperative urinary or sexual dysfunction, which lead to lengthier recovery and possibly reoperation.

Methods

Using the 2016-2019 American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Targeted Proctectomy Database, we collated 2577 patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer who underwent a laparoscopic or open proctectomy. Univariate analysis was used to identify differences in perioperative factors and genitourinary injuries (GUIs) between operative approaches, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for sustaining an intraoperative GUI.

Results

The rates of preoperative comorbidities were significantly higher among patients who received an open operation. The proportion of GUIs was also significantly higher in this patient population. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that patients who underwent a laparoscopic proctectomy were associated with a 51.4% lower risk of sustaining a GUI. Furthermore, >10% body weight loss in the past 6 months and ASA class 3 status were independently associated with a higher risk of GUI regardless of operation type.

Conclusion

Patients who undergo a laparoscopic proctectomy are associated with a lower risk of GUI. On the other hand, patients with >10% body weight loss and ASA class 3: Severe Systemic Disease were associated with a higher risk of GUI.
Undertriage of Severely Injured Trauma Patients
Authors: Anderson Kemp , Schellenberg Morgan , Owattanapanich Natthida , Dunkelberger Lindsey , Wong Monica D. , Morris Rachel S. , Demetriades Demetrios
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The American College of Surgeons (ACS) delineates trauma team activation (TTA) criteria to identify seriously injured trauma patients in the field. Patients are deemed to be severely undertriaged (SU), placing them at risk for adverse outcomes, when they do not meet TTA criteria but nonetheless sustain significant injuries (Injury Severity Score [ISS] ≥25).

Objectives

Delineate patient demographics, injuries, and outcomes after SU.

Participants

Trauma patients presenting to our ACS-verified Level 1 trauma center with ISS ≥25 were included (11/2015-03/2022). Transfers and private vehicle transports were excluded. Patients were dichotomized and compared by trauma arrival level: TTA (Appropriately Triaged, AT) vs routine consults (SU).

Results

Study criteria were satisfied by 1653 patients: 1375 (83%) AT and 278 (17%) SU. Severely undertriaged patients were older than AT patients (47 vs 36 years, P < .001). Severely undertriaged occurred almost exclusively following blunt trauma (96% vs 71%, P < .001). Injury Severity Score was lower following SU than AT (29 vs 32, P < .001). The most common severe injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale score [AIS] ≥3) among the SU group were in the Chest (n = 179, 64%). Severely undertriaged patients necessitated emergent intubation (n = 34, 12%), surgery (n = 59, 21%), and angioembolization (n = 22, 8%) at high rates. Severely undertriaged mortality was n = 40, 14%.

Conclusion

Severely undertriaged occurred among a substantial proportion of ISS ≥25 patients, predominately following blunt trauma. Severe chest injuries were most likely to evade capture. Rates of intubation, emergent intervention, and in-hospital mortality were high after SU. Efforts should be made to identify such patients in the field as they may benefit from TTA.
University Students’ Motivation and Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Lockdown, Isolation, and Remote and Hybrid Learning
Authors: Martin Andrew J
Published: June 2023

This investigation comprised two studies that sought to identify the role of COVID-related disruptions in Australian university students’ academic motivation and engagement. Study 1 involved a dataset of 500 university students and examined the links between COVID-19 pandemic disruptions (remote and hybrid learning modes, lockdown, isolation) and students’ adaptive (e.g., planning and monitoring) and maladaptive (e.g., disengagement) dimensions of the Motivation and Engagement Scale (MES). Study 2 compared the mean motivation and engagement of Study 1 participants with mean levels from four published pre-COVID-19 Australian studies ( N = 55, N = 233, N = 420, N = 941 university students) that also used the MES. Study 1 showed that lockdown and isolation (and not remote/hybrid learning) were associated with problematic motivation and engagement—with lockdown and isolation effects particularly noteworthy for maladaptive motivation and engagement. Study 2 showed that relative to the four pre-COVID-19 samples, the COVID-19 pandemic sample experienced difficulties with motivation and engagement, and again particularly so on maladaptive dimensions.
A Comparison of HIV Knowledge, Sex Risk Reduction, HIV Services & Testing, and Risk Reduction Skills in the WaySafe and StaySafe Interventions
Authors: Joe George , Sease Thomas B. , Lehman Wayne , Pankow Jennifer , Knight Kevin
Published: June 2023

Justice-involved people with substance use disorders are an at-risk population for health risk behaviors, particularly those related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections. Risk-reduction programs provide correctional agencies with a practical solution in to reducing HIV-related health risks in justice-involved populations. This study compared two interventions (in-prison, group-based WaySafe with self-adminstered, tablet-based StaySafe for people on probation) to determine whether one intervention was more effective than the other in terms of common outcomes. Multi-level analyses compared effect sizes from outcome studies testing WaySafe and StaySafe. Results showed the interventions had similar effects with regard to measures of HIV Knowledge, HIV Services and Testing, and Risk Reduction Skills. Collectively, this study suggests the StaySafe intervention can be used in situations where the more intensive WaySafe intervention is not feasible and affords correctional agencies the flexibility to implement the curriculum that best meets their organization’s goals and needs.
Impact of Environment and Milieu Therapy in Palliative Care
Authors: Rom-Arjona Bernadette , Atanacio Estrelito , Crisologo Darvin , Narvaez Roison Andro
Published: June 2023

The collaborative approach offered by palliative care benefits both patients and their caregivers. They provide a system of support that enables patients to lead as active a life as possible. This integrative review aimed to find out whether milieu and environment therapy has a significant impact on palliative care patients. Analyses and summaries of seventeen (17) papers were completed. There were three themes identified: environmental factors for quality of life, milieu therapy in forms of arts and music, and milieu therapy is safe, structured, and psychotherapeutic. This review demonstrates that milieu and environment therapy may also help to reduce physical symptoms, such as pain, and enhance quality of life. The study suggests that even if there are many interventions for palliative patients, more research is needed to generate a more thorough evaluation of the efficacy of various environmental control components and milieu therapies for palliative care patients.
Authenticity, Presence, Embodiment: Remaining Problems Concerning Online Liturgy
Authors: Irlenborn Bernd
Published: June 2023

The coronavirus pandemic in particular has shown how important and indispensable digitally mediated liturgical practices are for the Christian faith. Nevertheless, some serious theological challenges remain. This article discusses three problems and open questions concerning online liturgy. In order to achieve a balanced assessment, I begin with a summary of advantages and opportunities of recent forms of online liturgical practices. I then refer to the question of authenticity of digitally mediated liturgical practices. In the following section, I focus on the ontological problem of God's presence in the context of online communion. I then discuss the question of embodiment in online congregations with reference to a phenomenological distinction. In the final section, I conclude with a brief outlook.
Connecting Introductory Psychology to Climate Change Can Empower Students
Authors: Sparkman Gregg , Hackel Leor M. , Crosby Jennifer Randall , Gross James J. , Hard Bridgette Martin
Published: June 2023

Background

Introductory psychology courses provide a unique opportunity to educate students in ways that can inform how they will address major issues of the day.

Objective

We tested whether an integrative, last-day-of-class activity in which students applied pertinent psychological theories to climate change would empower students to address this issue.

Method

Across multiple introductory psychology courses, pre- and post-course assessments (Study 1) and a comparison to a control classroom condition (Study 2) were used to evaluate changes in students’ climate change efficacy beliefs and intentions to act.

Results

Students who experienced the activity were more likely to (1) believe their actions could make a difference in mitigating climate change and influence others to follow suit, (2) show increased intentions to adopt sustainable behaviors and take political action to address climate change, and (3) see psychology as relevant to solving societal issues like climate change.

Conclusion

Having students connect psychology to solving climate change led students to feel more empowered to address this global challenge.

Teaching implications

This classroom activity could readily be scaled up to thousands of introductory psychology courses around the world every year, connecting psychology to a major issue of our time and potentially mobilizing students to action.
Fresh or Thawed T Cells?: How Modes of Bioavailability Matter in the Study of Translational Medicine
Authors: Argudo-Portal Violeta
Published: June 2023

This article explores how cell immunotherapy becomes deliverable at the in-betweens of the bench, bedside, and community in translational medicine. During ethnographic research in an advanced cell therapies unit, I observed how the staff made virus-specific T cells available for therapeutic use. In dialogue with recent Science and Technology Studies scholars’ thinking around the concept of readiness, this paper highlights the analytic richness of paying empirical attention to how biological therapeutics are made available (i.e., their modes of bioavailability). This study identifies two modes of bioavailability for landing cellular drugs at the bedside. In bioavailability mode I, cells are banked in potential donors’ bodies and extracted for fresh infusion. In bioavailability mode II, cells are expanded and cryobanked in a cell bank for thawed infusion. Each mode offers different degrees of readiness and matching. I argue that ethnographic analysis of modes of bioavailability in health innovation and therapeutics implementation enables a less finalist and mass production understanding of translational medicine. This work highlights the relevance of exploring the practices, logistics, and logics that make some modes of bioavailability more valuable than others in pharmaceutical terms—and biomedicine more broadly.
Modelling the Effects of Social Media–based Brand Communities on Brand Trust, Brand Equity and Consumer Response
Authors: Chavadi Chandan A. , Sirothiya Monika , Menon Sindhu R. , M R Vishwanatha
Published: June 2023

Social media platforms help brands connect with their customers online, and a social media -based brand community (SMBBC) enable brand attachments to particular brands. These brand communities enhance consumer relationships, increase customer advocacy, discover customer problems, and generate unique product and marketing ideas.

In the context of Social Identity Theory and SOR framework (stimulus-organism-response), the present study explored the influence of customer-centric elements (the four relationships) on an online brand community that affect and provoke members’ conscious brains to get into action. The study further examines the impact of SMMBC on brand trust and brand equity variables (brand awareness, perceived quality, brand association and brand loyalty) and, consequently, on customer response (purchase intention, response to brand extension and willingness to pay a premium).

A self-administered online survey was conducted to collect data on all selected brands. The brands were selected using a stratified sampling method, and the stratum used was the number of fans following the brands. The top three brands with the highest fan following from 15 sectors were picked. The study selected 384 final responses after the data screening procedure. SPSS version 26 and AMOS graphics were used for testing hypothesised relationship.

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to ensure that the selected scale items were appropriately loaded, followed by measurement model’s reliability and validity testing using Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The findings of SEM analysis conclude that customer-centric elements are significant determinants of the online brand community. The results also confirmed that strengthening SMBBC leads to higher brand trust and positively influences all brand equity dimensions. In addition, the research study found that positive brand equity results in favourable consumer responses.

This study contributes theoretically to past studies on brand community and customer response, mainly in social media. The findings are helpful for managers to design and manage their online brand communities effectively and to elicit more positive responses.
Migraine with and without aura in relation to the menstrual cycle and other hormonal milestones: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Verhagen Iris E , van der Arend Britt WH , van Casteren Daphne S , Thiermann Niels JS , Tange Evelien , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette , Terwindt Gisela M
Published: June 2023

Background

Previous studies showed that the perimenstrual window is associated with an increased susceptibility to migraine attacks without aura, but had conflicting results regarding attacks with aura.

Methods

We performed a longitudinal E-diary study among 526 premenopausal women with migraine. Differences in occurrence of perimenstrual migraine attacks between women with migraine with aura and without aura were assessed using a mixed effects logistic regression model. Additionally, participants completed a questionnaire about the influence of hormonal milestones on migraine frequency.

Results

Prevalence of menstrual migraine did not differ between women with migraine without aura and migraine with aura (59% versus 53%, p  =  0.176). The increased risk of migraine attacks without aura during the perimenstrual window was similar for women with migraine without aura (OR[95%CI]:1.53 [1.44–1.62]) and those with migraine with aura (1.53 [1.44–1.62]). The perimenstrual window was not associated with increased risk of migraine aura attacks (1.08 [0.93–1.26], p = 0.314). Women with migraine with aura more often reported increased migraine frequency during pregnancy and breastfeeding compared to women with migraine without aura, but not during hormonal contraception use.

Conclusion

Sex hormone levels seem to differently affect the trigeminovascular system (migraine headache) and the susceptibility to cortical spreading depolarization (aura). Exclusively migraine attacks without aura should be interpreted as perimenstrual attacks.
Association Between Supraspinatus Tendon Retraction, Histologic Myofiber Size, and Supraspinatus Muscle Atrophy on MRI
Authors: Levin Jay M. , Johnson Jeremiah , Tabarestani Troy , Rueckert Helen , Leinroth Abigail , Ruderman Lindsey , Klifto Christopher S. , Hilton Matthew J. , Anakwenze Oke
Published: June 2023

Background:

Atrophy of the rotator cuff is a negative prognostic indicator after rotator cuff repair. Although full-thickness rotator cuff tears accompanied by tendon retraction are commonly associated with decreased muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is unclear whether this is accompanied by histologic atrophy of rotator cuff myofibers.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of supraspinatus tendon retraction and myofiber size on supraspinatus atrophy on MRI.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Supraspinatus muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from consecutive patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Rotator cuff tears were classified according to size. Preoperative MRI was used to measure tendon retraction and CSA of the supraspinatus muscle in the Y-shaped view. The occupation ratio of the supraspinatus was calculated by dividing the supraspinatus CSA by the supraspinatus fossa CSA. Muscle biopsy specimens were examined using laminin to quantify myofiber CSA. The association between supraspinatus tear size and measures of histologic and MRI muscle atrophy were compared using standard statistical tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of muscle atrophy on MRI.

Results:

A total of 38 patients were included: 8 with no tear, 14 with a partial-thickness tear, and 16 with a full-thickness tear. Increasing tear size was associated with greater distance of tendon retraction ( P < .001), smaller mean histologic myofiber size ( P = .004), lower mean supraspinatus CSA on MRI ( P < .001), and lower occupation ratio: 0.73 (control), 0.66 (partial tear), 0.53 (small to medium full-thickness tear), and 0.38 (large to massive full-thickness) ( P < .001). On Pearson correlation analysis, tendon retraction demonstrated strong correlation with occupation ratio (–0.725; P < .001) and weak correlation with myofiber size (–0.437; P = .006), while occupation ratio showed moderate correlation with myofiber size (0.593; P < .001). Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that increasing tendon retraction ( P < .001), age ( P = .034), and smaller histologic myofiber CSA ( P = .047) were independently associated with greater supraspinatus atrophy on MRI.

Conclusion:

Supraspinatus muscle atrophy appreciated on MRI is independently associated with patient age, tendon retraction, and atrophy of the supraspinatus myofibers at the histologic level.
Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose fiber (CNF) by biological enzymatic method
Authors: Wang Jing , Song Yumin , Cui Futong , Wu Wenbin , Zhu Haodong , Li Xiaoping , Kang Kunyong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, using Styphnolobium japonicum, Cryptomeria fortunei and Pinus yunnanensis as raw materials, cellulose (CE) was first extracted by chemical method (CM1) and biological enzymatic method 2 (BM2), and then further prepared into nanocellulose fiber (CNF) by biological enzymatic method 1(CPM (CPM stands for cellulase and pectinase)). The CE and CNF were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, DSC and TG. The results showed that the CNF prepared by CM1-CPM was cellulose type II, CNF prepared by BM2-CPM was cellulose type I. The best crystallinity of the CNF prepared by CM1-CPM reached 74.1% ( C. fortunei CNF), the best yield was 24.0% ( S. japonicum CNF) and the minimum average diameter was 62.6 nm ( C. fortunei CNF). However, the best crystallinity of CNF prepared by BM2-CPM reached 80.1% ( C. fortunei CNF), the best yield was 27.4% ( C. fortunei CNF), and the minimum average diameter was 31.6 nm ( C. fortunei CNF). And also, the thermal degradation analysis of the CNF prepared from the three raw materials revealed that the CNF prepared by BM2-CPM had better thermal degradability. Finally, the thermal stability analysis of the C. fortunei CNF was carried out, and it was found that the residual mass of CNF prepared by BM2-CPM was 48%, while the residual mass of C. fortunei CNF prepared by BM1-CPM was 22%, which showed the C. fortunei CNF prepared by BM2-CPM had better thermal stability. Therefore, the properties of nanocellulose prepared by BM2-CPM are optimal.
Economic Resources and Health: A Bi-Directional Cycle for Resilience in Old Age
Authors: Wong Rebeca , DeGraff Deborah S. , Orozco-Rocha Karina
Published: June 2023

Objectives: The paper offers an expanded framework for conducting empirical research on resilient aging. Methods: We review the conceptual frameworks for resilient aging and incorporate the role of economic factors as resources that contribute to resilience, in addition to social and psychological factors emphasized in the existing literature. Moreover, the idea of reinforcing cycles of resilience is incorporated in the framework. Existing empirical evidence that supports the conceptual arguments is presented. Results: Examples from Mexico and other low-middle-income countries are included, as well as from high-income countries. Data requirements for applying the conceptual framework in empirical analysis and the state of data availability are examined. We illustrate the measures that are available for this purpose using the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Discussion: We discuss and conclude that the state of the field is rich in data to conduct empirical work on resilience in old age.
Identifying Frailty in Older Adults in Rural Victoria, Australia: A Secondary Analysis of Population Health Data
Authors: Atala-Acevedo Claudia , McGrath Roisin , Capurro Daniel , Glenister Kristen , Bourke Lisa , Morgan Mike , Simmons David , Mariño Rodrigo
Published: June 2023

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling older adults in regional Victoria, Australia. Methods: Frailty status of 376 participants from the Crossroads II cross-sectional study was assessed by selected markers of frailty. The selected variables were psychometrically tested. Associations between frailty and socio-demographic, environmental and health factors were analysed using chi-square, ANOVA and binary logistic regression (BLR). Results: Estimated prevalence of frailty was 39.4%. BLR indicated that frailty decreased with higher educational attainment, (OR = .23; 95% CI: .10–.51) increased for divorced/separated participants (OR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.29–5.56) and when having three (OR = 3.27; 95% CI: 1.07–9.98), four (OR = 7.20; 95% CI: 2.22–23.31) or five or more chronic conditions (OR = 9.18; 95% CI: 2.83–29.72). Discussion: Frailty in this Australian regional community-dwelling sample was higher than other studies conducted in urban areas of Australia. Present results highlight the importance of exploring the multidimensionality of the frailty construct to have a better understanding which factors are associated with the development of this syndrome.
Improving Delivery of Positive Pressure Ventilation During Neonatal Resuscitation: A Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Mandal Debdip , Shubham Shantanu , Upadhyay Jaya , Singh Poonam , Priyadarshi Mayank , Chaurasia Suman , Bhat Nowneet Kumar , Bahadur Anupama , Basu Sriparna
Published: June 2023

Background

Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is one of the most crucial steps of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) algorithm. We observed multiple deviations from NRP algorithm during PPV delivery in our unit for which we planned a quality improvement (QI) initiative. The aim of this study was to improve PPV score (total score 14) from existing 20% (~3) to at least 60% (~8) during neonatal resuscitation in delivery room and maternity OT over a period of 48 weeks.

Methods

The study was conducted in 3 phases over a period of 48 weeks. The baseline and the sustenance phase were of 12 weeks and the intervention phase consisting of 4 PDSA cycles was of 24 weeks duration. Several change ideas were tested and implemented during these PDSA cycles including training sessions for effective PPV delivery, ensuring adequate number of personnel attending delivery and equipment check, specification of delivery team at the start of a shift, and involvement of obstetrics colleagues for better communication. The objective scoring of PPV (a total composite score of 14 over 7 domains) was taken as the process measure, while the proportion of deliveries with PPV score >60% (~8) and need for alternate airway were the outcome measures. We used statistical process control (SPC) Xbar mean chart and P charts for analyzing the data.

Results

The median score during the baseline phase was 20% (3/14) which improved to 71% (10/14) during the sustenance phase. The percentage of deliveries having a score of at least 60% (8/14) also improved significantly from the baseline to the sustenance phase; there was, however, no change in the need for alternate airway.

Conclusion

This QI study successfully improved the PPV delivery practices. Similar studies involving multiple centers and including other steps of NRP algorithm should be undertaken for the overall betterment of neonatal care and outcomes.

What Is Known

NRP is an evidence-based approach for neonatal resuscitation; however, evidence suggests that the quality and sequence of events during neonatal resuscitation significantly deviate from the standard guidelines.

What This Study Adds

QI is an excellent tool to improve the adherence to PPV delivery during newborn resuscitation. Along with training and teaching of the care giving staff, the study identified important gaps in PPV delivery which were solved using simple and comprehensive measures.
Threshold and Correlation of Total Serum Bilirubin with Screening Automated Auditory Brainstem Response Among Newborns with Hyperbilirubinemia in National Hospital Abuja
Authors: Oyinwola Oluwafisayo I. , Mukhtar-Yola Mariya , Olusesi Abiodun D. , Oluwasola Timothy O.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To determine the total serum bilirubin (TSB) cut-off value predictive of hearing impairment among newborns with hyperbilirubinemia at the National Hospital Abuja.

Setting

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of National Hospital Abuja between August 2020 and February 2021.

Methods

A universal sampling of eligible participants was done, and consent was obtained from the parent. Using the TSB and results of hearing screening carried out with the Otoport advance from Otodynamics®, the proportion of automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) screening failure was determined, and the receiver’s operating characteristics (ROC) curve coordinates were used to find the threshold bilirubin level for the risk of hearing loss. The Spearman-Rho correlation assessed the relationship between TSB level and AABR findings.

Results

160 newborns below 28 days of age, delivered at 34 weeks gestation and above, who had clinical jaundice were recruited. The prevalence of screening AABR failure in at least one ear was 26.2%. The correlation between TSB and AABR was weakly positive (rs = .189, p = .093) and the TSB cut-off for AABR failure was 16.3 mg/dl (sensitivity 45.5%, specificity 81%, Youden’s-J statistic = 0.265).

Conclusion

The TSB threshold for AABR screening failure was 16.3 mg/dl, but TSB did not correlate well with screening AABR. Serum bilirubin above 15 mg/dl in late preterm and term neonates should be actively treated with phototherapy and/or exchange blood transfusions where feasible, particularly in resource-poor settings.
Violence Victimization and Alcohol Use Among Venue-Based Female Sex Workers in Pattaya, Thailand: Unpacking the Temporal Relationship
Authors: Sherwood Jennifer , Phuengsamran Dusita , Janyam Surang , Murray Sarah M. , Holliday Charvonne N. , Darawuttimaprakorn Niphon , Decker Michele R.
Published: June 2023

Female sex workers (FSWs) face prevalent violence victimization and alcohol consumption at work, yet the bidirectional pathways between these factors are not well defined. Using cohort data from 232 venue-based FSWs in Pattaya, associations of violence and alcohol use were examined within a time period and prospectively via structural equation models. Within the time period, violence victimization and alcohol use were consistently associated; by contrast, violence was not prospectively associated with FSW alcohol use. Findings define alcohol as an important risk factor for violence in sex work environments. Alcohol safety interventions should be explored as a vital component of FSW violence prevention.
Attitude of healthcare professionals toward the use of complementary and alternative medication during anti-cancer therapy
Authors: Sont O.M. , Rombouts M.D. , Crul M
Published: June 2023

Objective

Patients with cancer often use complementary and alternative medication (CAM). This research aims to study the current attitude of healthcare professionals toward the use of CAM to improve current care.

Methods

A questionnaire on both the current practice and opinions about CAM use was sent to healthcare professionals in Amsterdam UMC, who work for the department of hematology or oncology. Oncologists, hematologists, residents, (specialized) nurses, dieticians, (hospital)pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians were asked to participate in this study.

Results

Among eligible healthcare professionals, 77 responded to the questionnaire (34%). Overall, 87% of healthcare professionals indicate it is important to be aware of their patient's CAM use, and all find the potential of drug–herb interactions important. However, more than half of the healthcare professionals inquire about the patient's CAM use infrequently. In addition, only 15% of the healthcare professionals stated they had sufficient knowledge of CAM to advise patients on their use of CAM.

Conclusions

Healthcare professionals are aware of the potential risks of CAM use in combination with anti-cancer treatment. However, CAM use is not yet discussed with every patient. This may be due to healthcare professionals’ lack of knowledge about CAM.
End-to-end GPU acceleration of low-order-refined preconditioning for high-order finite element discretizations
Authors: Pazner Will , Kolev Tzanio , Camier Jean-Sylvain
Published: June 2023

In this article, we present algorithms and implementations for the end-to-end GPU acceleration of matrix-free low-order-refined preconditioning of high-order finite element problems. The methods described here allow for the construction of effective preconditioners for high-order problems with optimal memory usage and computational complexity. The preconditioners are based on the construction of a spectrally equivalent low-order discretization on a refined mesh, which is then amenable to, for example, algebraic multigrid preconditioning. The constants of equivalence are independent of mesh size and polynomial degree. For vector finite element problems in H(curl) and H(div) (e.g., for electromagnetic or radiation diffusion problems), a specially constructed interpolation–histopolation basis is used to ensure fast convergence. Detailed performance studies are carried out to analyze the efficiency of the GPU algorithms. The kernel throughput of each of the main algorithmic components is measured, and the strong and weak parallel scalability of the methods is demonstrated. The different relative weighting and significance of the algorithmic components on GPUs and CPUs is discussed. Results on problems involving adaptively refined nonconforming meshes are shown, and the use of the preconditioners on a large-scale magnetic diffusion problem using all spaces of the finite element de Rham complex is illustrated.
Double-flanged knotless technique for iris prosthesis and IOL implantation associated with keratoplasty
Authors: Lupardi Enrico , Moramarco Antonio , Iannetta Danilo , Savini Giacomo , Fontana Luigi
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Anterior segment reconstruction and penetrating keratoplasty combined with iris prosthesis (IP) and intraocular lens (IOL) scleral fixation require prolonged open-sky surgery and complex suturing. Herein we present a novel double-flanged knotless surgical technique that minimizes the open sky duration and facilitates the fixation of the IP and IOL complex to the sclera.

Methods

After corneal trephination and removal, a temporary keratoprosthesis is fixated. Three 5.0 polypropylene suture segments are introduced in the anterior chamber transconjunctivally and then externalized through keratoprosthesis. Each suture is threaded through the eyelets of the IP and then flanged. The temporary keratoprosthesis is removed, and the IP and IOL complex is positioned in the sulcus. A donor cornea button is sutured in place and the IP is centred on the optical axis by adjusting the polypropylene sutures. Finally, the suture ends are shortened, flanged, and buried under the conjunctiva.

Results

Surgery was performed on three eyes of three patients. No intraoperative complications occurred, while cystoid macular edema and ocular hypertension occurred in two patients during the follow-up period. The best corrected visual acuity was 6/20, 8/20, and 13/20. So far the IPs remained stable in the three eyes with a maximum follow-up of 18 months.

Conclusion

This novel technique of penetrating keratoplasty combined with an intraocular lens (IOL) and iris prosthesis implantation makes it possible to reduce open sky surgery time, avoid complex suturing, and ensure optimal IOL visual axis alignment by adjusting suture tension.
Assessment of village resilience in flood storage areas based on complex networks: From the perspective of safety and low-carbon development
Authors: Li Jiulin , Ma Haonan , Cao Yifan , Chu Jinlong , Ming Ma
Published: June 2023

This study has built a modified gravity model to quantify the connection strength between villages, and complex networks were used to analyze and deconstruct the resilience characteristics of network structure and simulated resilience change characteristics under different scenarios including climate change, and identified the network core of the villages. The improvement of the resilience levels of rural systems under changing environments is an important sustainable development. The objective of this study is to provide a basis for the construction of rural emergency disaster prevention in flood storage areas and provide a reference for sustainable rural low-carbon development of village system. The results show that (1) from the perspective of spatial patterns of rural networks, there are obvious spatial differences in Mengwa rural network, showing a spindle-shaped spatial structure with dense middle and sparse on both sides. (2) From the perspective of structural resilience characteristics, the network has significant hierarchy and agglomeration, high local transmission and no obvious characteristics of homogeneity or heterogeneity. Amongst them, the core node has a prominent position, strong control ability and significant correlation effect. (3) The results of scenario simulations on rural network resilience show deliberate disturbance can significantly reduce network resilience compared with random disturbance. A large number of high-energy consumption and low-efficiency phenomena occur earlier in the network, leading to the collapse of the network.
Hot deformation behavior and processing map development of Mg/Al2O3 composite: A case study of extrusion ratio effects
Authors: Delavar H , Kasaeian-Naeini M , Sedighi M
Published: June 2023

The hot deformation behavior of 2.5 wt.% submicron alumina reinforced magnesium composite manufactured by a new casting method was examined to assess the impact of extrusion ratio and initial microstructure on the hot workability of Mg/Al2O3 composite. The thermomechanical experiments were performed at strain rates from 0.001 s−1 to 0.05 s−1 and the temperature ranging from 523 K to 673 K. The processing map was developed using power dissipation efficiency in terms of temperature and strain rate. Results revealed that the higher extrusion ratio yields finer grain size and a more homogenous distribution of alumina particles resulting in lower flow stress and activation energy. Stable regions with more power efficiency (57%) and less instability were observed in materials that experienced higher strain. Based on the microstructural observation, dynamic recrystallization as the main restoration mechanism occurred at composite with a higher extrusion ratio and finer grains in all conditions. It was deduced that the enhanced workability of fine-grain material is confirmed by steady flow stress and safe zones of the processing map. It was also revealed that twinning–twinning intersection and flow localization are the main reasons for unstable flow in both samples with unlike grain sizes.
Social media algorithmic versus professional journalists’ news selection: Effects of gate keeping on traditional and social media news trust
Authors: Scheffauer Rebecca , Goyanes Manuel , Gil de Zúñiga Homero
Published: June 2023

Research has shown positive attitudes toward journalists and their roles foster pro-democratic outcomes. With the rise of social media as news sources, algorithms operate as gatekeepers, which may alter linkages between public opinion, journalists, and media trust. However, results from a panel-survey conducted in the U.S. underline citizens’ preference for journalist gatekeeping in fueling trust in traditional and social media news. Conversely, preference for algorithmic news selection does not affect people’s levels of trust. Furthermore, traditional news use moderates this relationship as those who report higher traditional news use and a preference for professional news gatekeeping trust traditional news the most. This study contributes to current discussions on the effects of preference for journalists’ or algorithmic news selection, arguing that evaluations of journalists’ editorial work remain critical to explain media trust.
Does the U.S. Congress Respond to Public Opinion on Trade?
Authors: Lee Boram , Pomirchy Michael , Schonfeld Bryan
Published: June 2023

Are U.S. legislators responsive to public opinion on trade? Despite the prevalence of preference-based approaches to international trade, not much work has directly assessed the relationship between constituency opinion and positioning by members of Congress on trade bills. We assess dynamic responsiveness (whether shifting constituency opinion on trade yields corresponding changes among legislators) by exploiting an original dataset on the positions of members of Congress on the North American Free Trade Agreement at various points leading up to the November 1993 roll-call vote. We find no evidence of dynamic re-sponsiveness to shifting constituency opinion on even a highly salient piece of trade legislation. We provide qualitative evidence that interest group influence may instead be the predominant source of shifting legislator positioning on trade.
Occult contrast retention post-thrombectomy on 24-h follow-up dual-energy CT: Associations and impact on imaging analysis
Authors: Pham Jenny , Gan Calvin , Dabboucy Jasmin , Stella Damien L , Dowling Richard , Yan Bernard , Bush Steven , Williams Cameron , Mitchell Peter J , Desmond Patricia , Thijs Vincent , Asadi Hamed , Brooks Mark , Maingard Julian , Jhamb Ash , Pavlin-Premrl Davor , Campbell Bruce CV , Ng Felix C
Published: June 2023

Background:

Following reperfusion treatment in ischemic stroke, computed tomography (CT) imaging at 24 h is widely used to assess radiological outcomes. Even without visible hyperattenuation, occult angiographic contrast may persist in the brain and confound Hounsfield unit-based imaging metrics, such as net water uptake (NWU).

Aims:

We aimed to assess the presence and factors associated with retained contrast post-thrombectomy on 24-h imaging using dual-energy CT (DECT), and its impact on the accuracy of NWU as a measure of cerebral edema.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who had post-thrombectomy DECT performed 24-h post-treatment from two thrombectomy stroke centers were retrospectively studied. NWU was calculated by interside comparison of HUs of the infarct lesion and its mirror homolog. Retained contrast was quantified by the difference in NWU values with and without adjustment for iodine. Patients with visible hyperdensities from hemorrhagic transformation or visible contrast retention and bilateral infarcts were excluded. Cerebral edema was measured by relative hemispheric volume (rHV) and midline shift (MLS).

Results:

Of 125 patients analyzed (median age 71 (IQR = 61–80), baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 16 (IQR = 9.75–21)), reperfusion (defined as extended-Thrombolysis-In-Cerebral-Infarction 2b–3) was achieved in 113 patients (90.4%). Iodine-subtracted NWU was significantly higher than unadjusted NWU (17.1% vs 10.8%, p < 0.001). In multivariable median regression analysis, increased age (p = 0.024), number of passes (p = 0.006), final infarct volume (p = 0.023), and study site (p = 0.021) were independently associated with amount of retained contrast. Iodine-subtracted NWU correlated with rHV (rho = 0.154, p = 0.043) and MLS (rho = 0.165, p = 0.033) but unadjusted NWU did not (rHV rho = –0.035, p = 0.35; MLS rho = 0.035, p = 0.347).

Conclusions:

Angiographic iodine contrast is retained in brain parenchyma 24-h post-thrombectomy, even without visually obvious hyperdensities on CT, and significantly affects NWU measurements. Adjustment for retained iodine using DECT is required for accurate NWU measurements post-thrombectomy. Future quantitative studies analyzing CT after thrombectomy should consider occult contrast retention.