bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of modafinil on excessive daytime sleepiness in Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: De Cock V. Cochen , Diene G. , Molinas C. , Masson V. Dauriac‐Le , Kieffer I. , Mimoun E. , Tiberge M. , Tauber M.
Published: June 2011

Excessive daytime sleepiness is a frequent and a highly disruptive symptom to the daily routine of children with Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) and their families. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of modafinil, a central stimulant, on excessive daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents with PWS. The efficacy of modafinil was evaluated in this open label pilot study comparing the Epworth sleepiness scale before and after treatment. Ten patients with molecularly confirmed PWS and a complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness underwent a night‐time sleep recording and multiple sleep latency tests. One patient was excluded because of severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Nine patients (4 males) with median age of 16 years (8–21) received modafinil at a starting dose of 100 mg/day. We found that all patients had excessive daytime sleepiness with an Epworth sleepiness scale at 14 (11–20) and mean sleep latency on multiple sleep latency tests at 5 (3–6) minutes. Moreover, six patients had at least two sleep‐onset rapid eye movement periods showing a narcolepsy‐like phenotype. Modafinil significantly improved sleepiness in all patients on the Epworth sleepiness scale from 14 (11–20) to 4 (3–12), (P = 0.007). Body mass index of the patients did not change significantly under treatment. No side effects were reported, and the drug was well‐tolerated. We posit that this open label case series shows good efficacy of modafinil in nine children and adolescents with PWS. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotypic variability of distal 22q11.2 copy number abnormalities
Authors: Tan Tiong Yang , Collins Amanda , James Paul A. , McGillivray George , Stark Zornitza , Gordon Christopher T. , Leventer Richard J. , Pope Kate , Forbes Robin , Crolla John A. , Ganesamoorthy Devika , Burgess Trent , Bruno Damien L. , Slater Howard R. , Farlie Peter G. , Amor David J.
Published: June 2011

The availability of microarray technology has led to the recent recognition of copy number abnormalities of distal chromosome 22q11.2 that are distinct from the better‐characterized deletions and duplications of the proximal region. This report describes five unrelated individuals with copy number abnormalities affecting distal chromosome 22q11.2. We report on novel phenotypic features including diaphragmatic hernia and uterine didelphys associated with the distal microdeletion syndrome; and frontomedial polymicrogyria and callosal agenesis associated with the distal microduplication syndrome. We describe the third distal chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion patient with Goldenhar syndrome. Patients with distal chromosome 22q11.2 copy number abnormalities exhibit inter‐ and intra‐familial phenotypic variability, and challenge our ability to draw meaningful genotype–phenotype correlations. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adults with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
Authors: Stevens Cathy A. , Pouncey Jill , Knowles Darcy
Published: June 2011

Information in the medical literature regarding adults with genetic syndromes is limited, making the care of these patients challenging. We conducted a questionnaire study of adults with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome that addressed medical problems, education, independence, and behavior. The most common medical problems included short stature, obesity, visual difficulties, keloids, eating problems, spine curvature, and joint problems. The adults had typically moderate mental retardation, but most achieved some independence in self‐care and communication; many participated in supported work situations. However, approximately one‐third were said to have some decreased abilities over time. Behavior problems were common and often worsened with age. Very few of the study participants were seeing a geneticist as an adult. Long‐term involvement of geneticists and education of adult primary care providers may help with many of the challenges facing adults with RTS and their families. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectrum of MLL2 (ALR) mutations in 110 cases of Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Hannibal Mark C. , Buckingham Kati J. , Ng Sarah B. , Ming Jeffrey E. , Beck Anita E. , McMillin Margaret J. , Gildersleeve Heidi I. , Bigham Abigail W. , Tabor Holly K. , Mefford Heather C. , Cook Joseph , Yoshiura Koh‐ichiro , Matsumoto Tadashi , Matsumoto Naomichi , Miyake Noriko , Tonoki Hidefumi , Naritomi Kenji , Kaname Tadashi , Nagai Toshiro , Ohashi Hirofumi , Kurosawa Kenji , Hou Jia‐Woei , Ohta Tohru , Liang Deshung , Sudo Akira , Morris Colleen A. , Banka Siddharth , Black Graeme C. , Clayton‐Smith Jill , Nickerson Deborah A. , Zackai Elaine H. , Shaikh Tamim H. , Donnai Dian , Niikawa Norio , Shendure Jay , Bamshad Michael J.
Published: June 2011

Kabuki syndrome is a rare, multiple malformation disorder characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, cardiac anomalies, skeletal abnormalities, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Simplex cases make up the vast majority of the reported cases with Kabuki syndrome, but parent‐to‐child transmission in more than a half‐dozen instances indicates that it is an autosomal dominant disorder. We recently reported that Kabuki syndrome is caused by mutations in MLL2, a gene that encodes a Trithorax‐group histone methyltransferase, a protein important in the epigenetic control of active chromatin states. Here, we report on the screening of 110 families with Kabuki syndrome. MLL2 mutations were found in 81/110 (74%) of families. In simplex cases for which DNA was available from both parents, 25 mutations were confirmed to be de novo, while a transmitted MLL2 mutation was found in two of three familial cases. The majority of variants found to cause Kabuki syndrome were novel nonsense or frameshift mutations that are predicted to result in haploinsufficiency. The clinical characteristics of MLL2 mutation‐positive cases did not differ significantly from MLL2 mutation‐negative cases with the exception that renal anomalies were more common in MLL2 mutation‐positive cases. These results are important for understanding the phenotypic consequences of MLL2 mutations for individuals and their families as well as for providing a basis for the identification of additional genes for Kabuki syndrome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of core‐shell nanoparticles containing poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene‐co‐ethylvinylether) as core
Authors: Reddy Ch. Koti , Raju L. Yugandhar , Srinivas P. V. S. S. , Rao P. Shanthan , Shekharam T. , Shailaja D.
Published: June 2011

Core shell latex particles with a glassy core and a low Tg polymeric shell are usually preferred. More so, the glassy core happens to be a fluoropolymer with a shell polymer that helps in processability. We describe here the preparation and characterization of core shell nanoparticles consisting of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene‐co‐ethylvinylether) as core encapsulated in poly(styrene‐acrylate) copolymer shell using seeded emulsion polymerization method under kinetically controlled monomer starved conditions. Properties of the emulsion using surfactants (fluoro/conventional) and surfactant free conditions were investigated. Average size (100 nm), spherical shape and core–shell morphology of the latex particles was confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Absence of CF and CCl peaks in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy proves that cores are completely covered. Polymerization in the presence of fluorocarbon surfactant was found to give optimum features like narrow size distribution, good shell deposition and no traces of agglomeration. Films of core shell latex particles exhibited improved transparency and enhanced water contact angles thus making them suitable for applications in various fields including coatings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Toughening of epoxy resin by poly(ether ether ketone) with pendant fluorocarbon groups
Authors: Luo Ye , Zhang Ming , Dang Guodong , Li Yan , An Xuefeng , Chen Chunhai , Yi Xiaosu
Published: June 2011

In this article, poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) with pendant fluorocarbon groups was synthesized to impart better impact resistance to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) epoxy resins cured with 4,4′‐diamino‐diphenyl‐sulfone (DDS). Mechanical properties were investigated as a function of the molecular weight and contents of PEEK. It was found that both impact strength and tensile strength varied with molecular weight and contents of PEEK. In the system of epoxies modified with Mn 24,000 PEEK, drastic decline rather than increase of impact strength and tensile strength was observed, while impact strength was increased by 17% for the system of epoxies modified with Mn 9500 PEEK at a relatively low PEEK content. To reveal the toughening mechanism, phase morphology of the modified epoxies were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a two‐phase morphology was observed. Ductile fracture mode was observed for the modified epoxies and a rigid particle toughening mechanism was proposed. An image analysis software Quantlab‐MG was used to analyze the dimension parameters of the dispersed particles for the epoxies modified with Mn 9500 PEEK. A larger and more dispersed distribution of particles at higher thermoplastic content was found. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was employed to further study the phase behavior of Mn 9500 PEEK modified epoxies. The observed phenomenon was interpreted by the reaction‐induced phase separation mechanism. On the basis of the rubber elasticity theory, an indirect measurement of crosslinking density was taken and the results indicated that the incorporation of PEEK might reduce the crosslinking density of epoxies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Curing behavior of the plate produced by nonmetallic materials recycled from waste printed circuit boards
Authors: Jiang Ying , Guo Jie , Xu Zhenming
Published: June 2011

A plate was produced by nonmetallic materials (NMs) from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) as reinforcing filler. In the whole preparation process of the plate, molding is most important because during molding, the bonding agent would cure with the crosslinking agent in the presence of initiator and the properties of the plate is significantly dependent on the extent of cure. This article used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study the curing behavior of the plate. The results showed that filling NMs lowered down the reaction rate and reduced the activation energy Ea to 87.58 kJ/mol. Optimum curing temperature ranges were determined based on DSC data and two types of plates were made under this temperature range. The mechanical properties of the plates were tested and the results showed that the plate of NMs was of moderate quality, which verified the feasibility of reusing NMs to substitute for the conventional fillers such as glass fiber, calcium carbonate, etc. This paper offers theoretical basis for producing good quality plate by NMs from WPCBs and resolving the environmental pollution caused by NMs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Engineering antibiotic production and overcoming bacterial resistance
Authors: Planson Anne‐Gaëlle , Carbonell Pablo , Grigoras Ioana , Faulon Jean‐Loup
Published: June 2011

Progress in DNA technology, analytical methods and computational tools is leading to new developments in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, enabling new ways to produce molecules of industrial and therapeutic interest. Here, we review recent progress in both antibiotic production and strategies to counteract bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Advances in sequencing and cloning are increasingly enabling the characterization of antibiotic biosynthesis pathways, and new systematic methods for de novo biosynthetic pathway prediction are allowing the exploration of the metabolic chemical space beyond metabolic engineering. Moreover, we survey the computer‐assisted design of modular assembly lines in polyketide synthases and non‐ribosomal peptide synthases for the development of tailor‐made antibiotics. Nowadays, production of novel antibiotic can be tranferred into any chosen chassis by optimizing a host factory through specific strain modifications. These advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are leading to novel strategies for engineering antimicrobial agents with desired specificities.
SeSaM‐Tv‐II Generates a Protein Sequence Space that is Unobtainable by epPCR
Authors: Mundhada Hemanshu , Marienhagen Jan , Scacioc Andreea , Schenk Alexander , Roccatano Danilo , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: June 2011

Generating high‐quality mutant libraries in which each amino acid is equally targeted and substituted in a chemically diverse manner is crucial to obtain improved variants in small mutant libraries. The sequence saturation mutagenesis method (SeSaM‐Tv+) offers the opportunity to generate such high‐quality mutant libraries by introducing consecutive mutations and by enriching transversions. In this study, automated gel electrophoresis, real‐time quantitative PCR, and a phosphorimager quantification system were developed and employed to optimize each step of previously reported SeSaM‐Tv+ method. Advancements of the SeSaM‐Tv+ protocol and the use of a novel DNA polymerase quadrupled the number of transversions, by doubling the fraction of consecutive mutations (from 16.7 to 37.1 %). About 33 % of all amino acid substitutions observed in a model library are rarely introduced by epPCR methods, and around 10 % of all clones carried amino acid substitutions that are unobtainable by epPCR.
ChemInform Abstract: Local Structure in Americium and Californium Hexacyanoferrates — Comparison with Their Lanthanide Analogues.
Authors: Den Auwer Christophe , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

The actinide(III) hexacyanoferrates AmIII/FeII(CN)6 and CfIII/FeII(CN)6 are structurally characterized by IR and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of the Novel Intermetallic Compounds U2Co3Ge, U6Co12Ge4 and U6Co12Ge4C.
Authors: Soude A. , Tougait O. , Pasturel M. , Kaczorowski D. , Noel H. , Roisnel T.
Published: June 2011

The title compounds are prepared by arc melting of the elements and characterized by powder XRD (U2Co3Ge), single crystal XRD (U6Co12Ge4 and U6Co12Ge4C), and magnetic, and electrical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Superfine Expanded Graphite with Large Capacity for Lithium Storage
Authors: Kaskhedikar Nitin A. , Cui Guanglei , Maier Joachim , Fedorov Vladimir , Makotchenko Victor , Simon Arndt
Published: June 2011

A superfine expanded graphite fiber material is prepared by fast thermal decomposition of an intercalate of composition C2F·xClF3 (quartz tube, 500 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Regeneration of Ammonia Borane Spent Fuel by Direct Reaction with Hydrazine and Liquid Ammonia.
Authors: Sutton Andrew D. , Burrell Anthony K. , Dixon David A. , Garner Edward B. III , Gordon John C. , Nakagawa Tessui , Ott Kevin C. , Robinson J. Pierce , Vasiliu Monica
Published: June 2011

Polyborazylene which is formed by removal of more than two equivalents of H2 per molecule from NH3·BH3 is converted back to ammonia borane nearly quantitatively by a 24‐hour treatment with N2H4 in liquid NH3 at 40 °C (sealed pressure vessel).
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Nd2AlO3N and Sm2AlO3N Oxynitrides Synthesized by Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation.
Authors: Chevire Francois , Pallu Arthur , Ray Erwan , Tessier Franck
Published: June 2011

The title compounds are prepared by heating mixtures of Nd2O3 or Sm2O3, Al2O3, and graphite powder under N2 between 1000 and 1350 °C (alumina boat, about three 10 h cycles).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Copper Pentaborate with Free Boric Acid Group.
Authors: Lin Dan , You Xiaoyan , Zhu Lixia
Published: June 2011

The new copper polyborate [Cu(en)2B(OH)3] [B5O5(OH)7] is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of H3BO3, Cu(OAc)2, and en in H2O (autoclave, 140 °C, 5 d, 70% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of CuInSe2 Particles via the Hydrothermal Route for Thin‐Film Solar Cells.
Authors: Wu Chung‐Hsien , Chen Fu‐Shan , Lin Shin‐Hom , Lu Chung‐Hsin
Published: June 2011

Well‐crystallized CuInSe2 powders with chalcopyrite structure are obtained from the hydrothermal reaction of CuCl2, InCl3, Se, NaOH, and triethanolamine (H2O, autoclave, 180 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Energetically Viable Asymmetric Deprotonations: Selectivity at more Elevated Temperatures with C2‐Symmetric Magnesium Bisamides.
Authors: Bennie Linsey S. , Kerr William J. , Middleditch Michael , Watson Allan J. B.
Published: June 2011

The novel C2‐symmetric magnesium bisamide MBSA shows an unique ability to function efficiently in asymmetric deprotonation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Lutetium Benzamidinate Complexes.
Authors: Benndorf Paul , Jenter Jelena , Zielke Larissa , Roesky Peter W.
Published: June 2011

A novel enantiomerically pure lutetium complex is prepared and successfully applied as catalyst in the hydroamination reaction of aminoalkynes and aminoalkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Lewis Base Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Reduction of N‐Alkyl β‐Enamino Esters with Trichlorosilane and Water.
Authors: Wu Xinjun , Li Yang , Wang Chao , Zhou Li , Lu Xiaoxia , Sun Jian
Published: June 2011

High yields and enantioselectivities are obtained for aromatic substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Biocatalytic Scope of a Bacterial Flavin‐Containing Monooxygenase.
Authors: Rioz‐Martinez Ana , Kopacz Malgorzata , De Gonzalo Gonzalo , Torres Pazmino Daniel E. , Gotor Vicente , Fraaije Marco W.
Published: June 2011

A novel fused oxidative biocatalyst consisting of a phosphite dehydrogenase and bacterial FMO is successfully applied in the oxidation of various aromatic and aliphatic sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Alkoxy/Aryloxy‐β‐lactams Using Diazoacetate Esters as Ketene Precursors under Photoirradiation.
Authors: Qi Hengzhen , Yang Zhanhui , Xu Jiaxi
Published: June 2011

The trans‐β‐lactams, e.g. (III), are obtained via Staudinger reaction under metal‐free and neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Activated Alcohols by the Combination of H2O2, AcOH and NaBr: An Efficient Metal‐Free Alternative.
Authors: Qi Xingyi , Wang Jing , Zheng Liwei , Qi Lin
Published: June 2011

The reagent combination oxidizes benzylic alcohols, efficiently whereas aliphatic and cyclic alcohols give only low conversion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Amino Acid Derivatives via Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Reduction of β‐(Acylamino)acrylates.
Authors: Wu Yan , Qi Shan‐Bin , Wu Fei‐Fei , Zhang Xi‐Chang , Li Min , Wu Jing , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: June 2011

The same reduced products are obtained regardless whether (Z)‐, (E)‐isomers or isomeric mixtures are used as substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Esterification of Carboxylate‐Based Ionic Liquids with Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Zhao Bin , Greiner Lasse , Leitner Walter
Published: June 2011

A facile reaction of an acetate‐based ionic liquid with CH2Cl2 at room temperature is observed with esters among the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Asymmetrical Azo‐peresters.
Authors: Hefczyc Barbara , Zawadiak Jan , Janeczek Henryk , Kowalczuk Marek , Orlinska Beata
Published: June 2011

Azoacids react with hydroperoxides in the presence of CDI to give asymmetrical azo‐perester derivatives of tert‐butyl and tert‐amyl hydroperoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile and Large‐Scale Synthesis of Functional Dithiocarbamates in Water
Authors: Azizi Najmedin , Aryanasab Fezzeh , Tourkian Laleh , Saidi Mohammad R.
Published: June 2011

based on a simple one‐pot three‐component reaction of amines with CS2 and alkyl halides
ChemInform Abstract: Regiodiverse Three‐Component Synthesis of Arenes.
Authors: Danz Michael , Hilt Gerhard
Published: June 2011

A metathesis—cycloaddition—aromatization sequence is successfully applied to the synthesis of complex arene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 1,1‐Difluoroallenes from Commercially Available 1,1,1‐Trifluoro‐2‐iodoethane.
Authors: Oh Ken , Fuchibe Kohei , Ichikawa Junji
Published: June 2011

The lithiation of 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2‐iodoethane (I) followed by reaction with aldehydes (II) or ketone (VI) and subsequent acetylation of resulting alcohols give rise to corresponding iodoallylic acetates (IV) and (VIII), which are readily converted into desired 1,1‐difluoroallenes (V) and (IX), resp., on treatment with zinc in DMF.
ChemInform Abstract: Homocoupling of Aldimines Mediated by Zirconocene: Synthesis of Vicinal Diamines and Imidazolidines.
Authors: Soueidan Mohamad , Helion Florence , Namy Jean‐Louis , Szymoniak Jan
Published: June 2011

Diastereoselective coupling of N‐arylimines provides mainly or exclusively vicinal d,l‐diamines or d,l‐imidazolines depending on the amount of reagents and the reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: A Dehydrogenative Homocoupling Reaction for the Direct Synthesis of Hydrazines from N‐Alkylanilines in Air.
Authors: Yan Xue‐Ming , Chen Zhi‐Ming , Yang Fei , Huang Zhi‐Zhen
Published: June 2011

Optimized reaction conditions are developed to provide hydrazines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient, Large‐Scale, Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction Employing Simple Threonine Derivatives as Recoverable Organocatalysts in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Wu Chuanlong , Fu Xiangkai , Li Shi
Published: June 2011

The catalyst is easily prepared in a single step, only 5 mol% are used, it is easily recovered and reused without significant loss of activity or stereoselectivity and the aldol reaction can be performed on a large scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Prolinamides Bearing Thiourea Groups as Catalysts for Asymmetric Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Fotaras Stamatis , Kokotos Christoforos G. , Tsandi Evaggelia , Kokotos George
Published: June 2011

A catalyst based on (S)‐proline and (1S,2S)‐diphenylethylenediamine proved to be an excellent catalyst for aldol reactions between ketones and aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cross‐Coupling of Sulfonamidomethyltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Fleury‐Bregeot Nicolas , Hiebel Marie‐Aude
Published: June 2011

A wide range of title compounds is subjected to Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling with aromatic and heteroaromatic chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,3‐Benzenedicarbonyl Dithioureas.
Authors: Peng Hao , Liang Yongju , Chen Le , Fu Liwu , Wang Haiqin , He Hongwu
Published: June 2011

Title compounds (V) are evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity against KB and CNE2 cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct Addition of Aryl C—H Bonds to N‐Sulfonyl Aldimines.
Authors: Li Yang , Li Bi‐Jie , Wang Wen‐Hua , Huang Wei‐Ping , Zhang Xi‐Sha , Chen Kang , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: June 2011

The selective C—H activation in directed by the ortho 2‐pyridyl substituent followed by nucleophilic addition to N‐sulfonyl arylaldimines.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Direct Synthesis of Chalcones via TFAA‐H3PO4 Mediated C—C Bond Forming Reaction.
Authors: Kankanala Kavitha , Reddy Lingam Venkata , Reddy Vangala Ranga , Mukkanti Khagga , Pal Sarbani
Published: June 2011

A series of α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids (I) are reacted with electron rich arenes and hetarenes (II) in the presence of TFAA to give a variety of chalcone derivatives (III) in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Protecting Group Free Synthesis of 6‐Substituted Naphthols and Binols.
Authors: Verga Daniela , Percivalle Claudia , Doria Filippo , Porta Alessio , Freccero Mauro
Published: June 2011

A straightforward and widely applicable method is described.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Double Functionalization of π‐Deficient Heterocyclic Lithium Reagents.
Authors: Chartoire Anthony , Comoy Corinne , Fort Yves
Published: June 2011

A new and efficient method to prepare bifunctionalized furopyridines, pyrazines, and pyridines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of anti—anti (anti—syn)‐3,4:8,9‐Tetraacetoxy‐11‐oxa‐tricyclo [4.4.1.01,6]undecanes.
Authors: Kelebekli Latif
Published: June 2011

Compounds (IV) and (V) are separable by crystallization from ethyl acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Methoxyazetidines via an Aziridine to Azetidine Rearrangement and Theoretical Rationalization of the Reaction Mechanism.
Authors: Stankovic Sonja , Catak Saron , D'hooghe Matthias , Goossens Hannelore , Tehrani Kourosch Abbaspour , Bogaert Piet , Waroquier Michel , Van Speybroeck Veronique , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: June 2011

Based on experimental and theoretical studies it is found that treatment of dibromoimines of type (I) and (V) with NaBH4 results in formation of bromomethylaziridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Furans by Iron‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Haner Jamie , Jack Kelsey , Nagireddy Jaipal , Abdul Raheem Mohammed , Durham Robin , Tam William
Published: June 2011

Aryl 2‐furans (III) are prepared by palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction, whereas alkyl 2‐furans (V) are more efficiently prepared by iron‐catalyzed coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Halo‐2,5‐disubstituted Furans via CuX‐Mediated Cyclization—Halogenation Reactions.
Authors: Yazici Arife , Pyne Stephen G.
Published: June 2011

With a view to preparing bicyclic heterocycles of type (III), treatment of pyrrole (I) with copper halides is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise, Efficient and Practical Assembly of Bromo‐5,6‐dimethoxyindole Building Blocks.
Authors: Huleatt Paul B. , Lau Jacelyn , Chua Sheena , Tan Yun Lei , Duong Hung Anh , Chai Christina L. L.
Published: June 2011

The title compounds are prepared by a modified microwave‐assisted Cadogan indole synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Chalcogenoamination of 2‐Alkynylanilines with Dichalcogenides for One‐Step Synthesis of 3‐Sulfenylindoles and 3‐Selenylindoles.
Authors: Li Zhen , Hong Longcheng , Liu Ruiting , Shen Jianzhong , Zhou Xigeng
Published: June 2011

An efficient method is presented using air as the oxidant in the presence of Cs2CO3.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous Flow Thermolysis of Azidoacrylates for the Synthesis of Heterocycles and Pharmaceutical Intermediates.
Authors: O'Brien Alexander G. , Levesque Francois , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: June 2011

A scalable procedure for the thermolysis of azidoacrylates in a flow reactor is elaborated and applied for the synthesis of pyrroles, indoles, and related heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Alkyl Enol Ethers to 1,2‐Dicarbonyl Compounds: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Alkyl‐3‐hydroxyoxindoles.
Authors: Zheng Ke , Yin Chengkai , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: June 2011

The catalyst system can be used for a wide range of substrates affording the corresponding products with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations on Cytotoxicity and Antiinflammatory Potency of Licofelone Derivatives.
Authors: Zhou Jinpei , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

Compounds (IIIa) and (Va)‐(Vc) exhibit growth‐inhibition activity at the MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cell lines comparable to that of cisplatin.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of the Mitsunobu Reagent Toward 3‐Formylchromones: A Strategy for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3‐c]pyrazolines and Chromeno[2,3‐e]tetrazepines.
Authors: Papafilippou Alexandros , Terzidis Michael A. , Stephanidou‐Stephanatou Julia , Tsoleridis Constantinos A.
Published: June 2011

3‐Formylchromones react with zwitterionic intermediates, generated in situ from azodicarboxylates and PPh3, to afford the pyrazolines (III) and the novel class of tetrazepines.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiropyrazolones.
Authors: Alba Andrea‐Nekane R. , Zea Alex , Valero Guillem , Calbet Teresa , Font‐Bardia Merce , Mazzanti Andrea , Moyano Albert , Rios Ramon
Published: June 2011

The title compounds are obtained through a Michael—Michael‐aldol reaction in good yields and with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 217. Copper(II) Oxide Catalyzed Ligand‐Free Coupling Reaction of Heteroarenes with Bromoalkynes.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Reddy Gandolla Chinna , Balasubramanyam Penagaluri , Salvanna N.
Published: June 2011

A simple and efficient coupling reaction of imidazoles (I) and (VI) and pyrazoles (IV) with the compound (II) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazolidione Derivatives as Novel Antibiofilm Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Structure—Activity Relationships.
Authors: Pan Bin , Huang Renzheng , Zheng Likang , Chen Chen , Han Shiqing , Qu Di , Zhu Mingli , Wei Ping
Published: June 2011

Especially compound (XIIc) exhibits potent activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross‐Couplings of Benzazoles with Azoles.
Authors: Han Wei , Mayer Peter , Ofial Armin R.
Published: June 2011

A direct oxidative C2‐heteroarylation of benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles with N‐, O‐, and S‐containing five‐membered heterocycles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cerium‐Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles in PEG.
Authors: Jin Hui‐Le , Cheng Tian‐Xing , Chen Jiu‐Xi
Published: June 2011

The title reaction tolerates a diversity of functional groups like ether, nitro groups and aromatic halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Certain Mesoionic Sydnonyl Styrylketones as Potential Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Deshpande Shreenivas Ramachandrarao , Pai Karkala Vasantakumar , Pai Ranganath Sridhar
Published: June 2011

Compounds containing both the structural features of mesoionic sydnones and styrylketone (III) (9 examples) are designed and synthesized as potential analgesic and antiinflammatory agents using a Claisen—Schmidt reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Trichloromethyldihydropyrans Catalyzed by Bifunctional Organocatalysts.
Authors: Wang Hai‐Feng , Li Peng , Cui Hai‐Feng , Wang Xaio‐Wei , Zhang Jun‐Kang , Liu Wen , Zhao Gang
Published: June 2011

A series of title compounds is obtained with up to 99% yield and 95% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to Coumarins—Synthesis of Versatile Chiral Building Blocks.
Authors: Teichert Johannes F. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: June 2011

The copper‐catalyzed conjugate addition of Grignard reagents (II) to coumarins (I) and (VIII) proceeds with good yields and high enantioselectivities in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5‐Membered Spiro Heterocycle‐Benzopyran Derivatives Against Myocardial Ischemia.
Authors: Rapposelli Simona , Breschi Maria Cristina , Calderone Vincenzo , Digiacomo Maria , Martelli Alma , Testai Lara , Vanni Michael , Balsamo Aldo
Published: June 2011

Some of the synthesized compounds, e.g. (VIIIa), can exert a cardioprotective effect on Langendorff‐perfused rat hearts.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to 2,3‐Bis(buta‐1,3‐diynyl)pyridines.
Authors: Sorokoumov Viktor N. , Popik Vladimir V. , Balova Irina A.
Published: June 2011

Depending on the reaction conditions the Sonogashira reaction of 2‐bromo‐3‐iodo‐pyridine with buta‐1,3‐diynes yields 2‐bromo‐3‐(buta‐1,3‐diynyl)‐ or 2,3‐bis‐(buta‐1,3‐diynyl)pyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ketenes and 1‐Azadienes Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Jian Teng‐Yue , Shao Pan‐Lin , Ye Song
Published: June 2011

An enantioselective synthesis of highly substituted dihydropyridin‐2‐ones is realized using an unprecedented NHC‐catalyzed cycloaddition of 1‐azadienes and ketenes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Polysubstituted 4‐Amino‐2,3‐dihydropyridines.
Authors: Mahajan Nitu , Sambyal Ambika , Pannu Ajay P. S. , Razdan T. K.
Published: June 2011

Indium triflate catalyzed reaction of ketones and aldehydes with malononitrile and acetonitrile provides the title compounds (IV) and (VIII), Subsequent hydrolysis or reduction gives the corresponding carboxylic acids and amines, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactive Spin State Dependent Enantiospecific Photocyclization of Axially Chiral α‐Substituted Acrylanilides.
Authors: Ayitou Anoklase Jean‐Luc , Sivaguru J.
Published: June 2011

The triplet sensitized irradiation of axially chiral acrylanilides (I) leads to dihydroquinolinones (II) with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of New Heterolignan‐Like 6,7‐Methylendioxy‐tetrahydroquinolines Using the Clove Bud Essential Oil as Raw Material.
Authors: Merchan Arenas Diego R. , Rojas Ruiz Fernando A. , Kouznetsov Vladimir V.
Published: June 2011

A highly diastereoselective synthesis of (IV) and (VI) as analogues of alkaloid structures is achieved via three‐component Povarov reaction utilizing trans‐isoeugenol as major component in an isomerized mixture of clove bud essential oil without previous purification.
ChemInform Abstract: The Discovery of Furo[2,3‐c]pyridine‐Based Indanone Oximes as Potent and Selective B‐Raf Inhibitors.
Authors: Ren Li , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

The synthesis of title compounds, e.g. (VI), as highly potent and selective inhibitors of B‐Raf is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis of Nitroso Diels—Alder Cycloadducts.
Authors: Vincent Guillaume , Kouklovsky Cyrille
Published: June 2011

The substrates are converted into valuable fused bicyclic heterocycles containing N—O bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of 2‐Substituted 12H‐Chromeno[3,2‐e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidines, 3‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐12H‐chromeno[3,2‐e][1,2,4]triazolo [1,5‐c]pyrimidine‐2‐one and Ethyl 2‐Formylamino‐ and 2‐Acetylamino‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carboxylates.
Authors: El‐Agrody Ahmed M. , Sabry Nermien M. , Motlaq Shymaa S.
Published: June 2011

Compounds (V) and (VIIIa) exhibit significant activity against a broad range of microorganism, e.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent and Selective Cyclohexyl‐Derived Imidazopyrazine Insulin‐Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Inhibitors with in vivo Efficacy.
Authors: Jin Meizhong , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

A series of 8‐amino‐imidazo[1,5‐a]pyrazine derived inhibitors of IGF‐1R which feature a substituted quinoline moiety at the C1 position and a cyclohexyl linking moiety at the C‐3 position is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: (Z)Selective Intramolecular Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Reaction for the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Alkenes.
Authors: Ando Kaori , Sato Kaori
Published: June 2011

The reaction of diarylphosphonates proceeds with good (Z)‐selectivity to give 13‐ to 18‐membered cyclic alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Pinacol Boronates by Direct Arene Borylation with Borenium Cations.
Authors: Del Grosso Alessandro , Singleton Paul J. , Muryn Christopher A. , Ingleson Michael J.
Published: June 2011

It is demonstrated, that catecholato ligated borenium cations, generated in solution from CCB, react as electrophiles with activated arenes and hetarenes to give a variety of pinacol boronates after quenching with pinacol.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolidinone Diterpenoid from Isodon excisus and Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Cells.
Authors: Hwang Bang Yeon , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

A new pyrrolidinone diterpenoid, excisusin F (I), is isolated together with four known compounds from the aerial parts of the title plant (Lamiaceae).
ChemInform Abstract: Potent Radiosensitizing Agents: 5‐Methylselenyl‐ and 5‐Phenylselenyl‐methyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine.
Authors: Rode Ambadas B. , Kim Byeong Mo , Park Seon Hwa , Hong In Seok , Hong Sung Hee
Published: June 2011

The newly synthesized 5‐methylselenyl‐methyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (I) is applied together with the known corresponding 5‐phenylselenyl derivative for cytotoxicity tests and radiosensitizing experiments using H460 lung cancer cell line.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Antagonists of Mouse Trace Amine‐Associated Receptor 1 (mTAAR1): Discovery of EPPTB (RO5212773).
Authors: Stalder Henri , Hoener Marius C. , Norcross Roger D.
Published: June 2011

EPPTB (I) is disclosed as the first selective TAAR1 antagonist.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Microstructure Design of Materials for Near Room Temperature Magnetic Cooling
Authors: Lyubina Julia
Published: June 2011

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium
Authors: Jun Taehong , Tsay Olga G. , Churchill David G.
Published: June 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Polyoxometalates: Merging Organic and Inorganic Domains for Enhanced Catalysis and Energy Applications
Authors: Berardi Serena , Carraro Mauro , Sartorel Andrea , Modugno Gloria , Bonchio Marcella
Published: June 2011

Review: 207 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reduction of Dioxygen by Keggin Heteropolytungstates
Authors: Snir Ophir , Wang Yifeng , Weinstock Ira A.
Published: June 2011

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stepwise Syntheses of Complex μ‐Oxo‐linked Heterochromophore Arrays Containing Phthalocyanine, Porphyrin and Subphthalocyanine Ligands
Authors: Cammidge Andrew N. , Nekelson Fabien , Hughes David L. , Zhao Zhixin , Cook Michael J.
Published: June 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme‐Mediated Oxidations for the Chemist
Authors: Hollmann Frank , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Buehler Katja , Schallmey Anett , Buehler Bruno
Published: June 2011

Review: 683 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Principles of and Reasons for Using Water as a Solvent for Green Chemistry
Authors: Breslow Ronald
Published: June 2011

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Acid—Base Bifunctional Catalysis with Organic Molecules
Authors: Wang Yi , Deng Li
Published: June 2011

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalysis Involving Iminium, Enamine, Somo, and Photoredox Activation
Authors: Watson Allan J. B. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: June 2011

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Trends in the Recycling of NAD(P)H for the Design of Sustainable Asymmetric Reductions Catalyzed by Dehydrogenases
Authors: Berenguer‐Murcia Angel , Fernandez‐Lafuente Roberto
Published: June 2011

Review: 335 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Short Peptides for Organocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Wennemers Helma
Published: June 2011

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangements of Alkyne and 1,3‐Diyne in Transition Metal Center Forming Small Ring Complexes
Authors: Yamazaki Shinsaku
Published: June 2011

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphite‐Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Kamer Paul C. J. , Claver Carmen , Pamies Oscar , Dieguez Montserrat
Published: June 2011

Review: 457 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biferrocene Ligands
Authors: Kuwano Ryoichi
Published: June 2011

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Symmetrical 1,1′‐Bidentate Ferrocenyl Ligands
Authors: Zhang Wanbin , Liu Delong
Published: June 2011

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N,O‐Bidentate Ferrocenyl Ligands
Authors: Nijs Anne , Garcia Mancheno Olga , Bolm Carsten
Published: June 2011

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐P,N‐Bidentate Ferrocenyl Ligands
Authors: Zhou Yong Gui , Hou Xue Long
Published: June 2011

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Therapeutic Potential of Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Gupta Jitendra K. , Chaudhary Anshu , Dudhe Rupesh , Varuna Kumari , Sharma P. K. , Verma P. K.
Published: June 2011

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Green Synthesis of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Deetlefs Maggel , Seddon Kenneth R.
Published: June 2011

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Development of a Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Ketoesters to Nitroalkenes and Its Use in the Large‐Scale Preparation of ABT‐546
Authors: Barnes David M.
Published: June 2011

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymic Route to the Side Chain of Rosuvastatin
Authors: Holt Robert A. , Reeve Christopher D.
Published: June 2011

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Reduction of Heterocyclic Ketones — A Key Step in the Synthesis of Potassium‐Competitive Acid Blockers (P‐CABs)
Authors: Palmer Andreas Marc , Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio
Published: June 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Heterocyclic Ketones
Authors: Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio , Palmer Andreas Marc
Published: June 2011

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐, Silver‐, and Gold‐Catalyzed Migratory Cycloisomerization Leading to Heterocyclic Five‐Membered Rings
Authors: Dudnik Alexander S. , Chernyak Natalia , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: June 2011

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Phase‐Transfer Catalysis in the Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of an Estrogen Receptor Beta‐Selective Agonist
Authors: Scott Jeremy P.
Published: June 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Coombes R. G.
Published: June 2011

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Metal‐Catalyzed Additions of Oxygen Nucleophiles to Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Hintermann Lukas
Published: June 2011

Review: 193 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Properties of Organolithium Reagents at Low Temperature
Authors: Hall Randy W. , Meiere Scott H. , Sutton Doug E. , Woltermann Christopher J.
Published: June 2011

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Carbon—Hydrogen Bonds Through Transition Metal Carbenoid Insertion
Authors: Davies Huw M. L. , Dick Allison R.
Published: June 2011

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl—Aryl Bond Formation Through Double C—H Activation
Authors: You Shu‐li , Xia Ji‐Bao
Published: June 2011

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote C—H Activation via Through‐Space Palladium and Rhodium Migrations
Authors: Shi Feng , Larock Richard C.
Published: June 2011

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetism of Fine Particles of Kondo Lattices, Obtained by High‐Energy Ball‐Milling
Authors: Sampathkumaran E. V. , Mukherjee K. , Iyer Kartik K. , Mohapatra Niharika , Das Sitikantha D.
Published: June 2011

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Perspective on Probing Metallic Ferromagnetism with Electrons
Authors: Pierce D. T.
Published: June 2011

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Catalytic Kinetics Concepts
Authors: van Santen Rutger A.
Published: June 2011

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibronic Interactions in Aromatic Hydrocarbon Radicals and Radical Cations
Authors: Reddy V. Sivaranjana , Mahapatra S.
Published: June 2011

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solar Hydrogen Evolution with Hydrogenases: From Natural to Hybrid Systems
Authors: Reisner Erwin
Published: June 2011

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Factor in Life′s Quest for Energy
Authors: Kraeutler Bernhard
Published: June 2011

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Quantum Cutting Phosphors
Authors: Zhang Q. Y. , Huang X. Y.
Published: June 2011

Review: 386 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Fascinating Structure and the Potential of Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Alaerts Luc , de Vos Dirk E.
Published: June 2011

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supercritical Fluids: A Potential Approach for Novel Drug Formulation
Authors: Shinde G. V. , Bangale G. S. , Umalkar D. G. , Rajesh K. S.
Published: June 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Harnessing Energy from Marine Productivity Using Bioelectrochemical Systems
Authors: Girguis Peter R. , Nielsen Mark E. , Figueroa Israel
Published: June 2011

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Sensitive Fluorescent Sensors Based on Synthetic Peptides
Authors: Choulier Laurence , Enander Karin
Published: June 2011

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of Vesicles: Adhesion, Fusion and Multicompartment Systems Formation
Authors: Paleos Constantinos M. , Tsiourvas Dimitris , Sideratou Zili
Published: June 2011

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Genetic Algorithm Optimization in Drug Design QSAR: Bayesian‐Regularized Genetic Neural Networks (BRGNN) and Genetic Algorithm‐Optimized Support Vectors Machines (GA‐SVM)
Authors: Fernandez Michael , Caballero Julio , Fernandez Leyden , Sarai Akinori
Published: June 2011

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Metal—Oxo Complexes in the Cleavage of C—H Bonds
Authors: Borovik A. S.
Published: June 2011

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Origin of the Torquoselectivity Observed in the Thermal Ring‐Opening of Cyclobutenes Based on the Cplex‐isoelectronic Theory and Expanded Robinson Electronic Theory
Authors: Cloonan Martin O.
Published: June 2011

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation Reactions: A Mechanistic Perspective
Authors: Livendahl Madeleine , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: June 2011

Review: 395 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: What Can Solid State NMR Contribute to Our Understanding of Protein Folding?
Authors: Hu Kan‐Nian , Tycko Robert
Published: June 2011

Review: 128 refs.
Chlorherstellung mit Sauerstoffverzehrkathoden. Energieeinsparung bei der Elektrolyse
Authors: Jörissen Jakob , Turek Thomas , Weber Rainer
Published: June 2011

Chlor ist eine der wichtigsten Grundchemikalien und wird für die Synthese von rund 2/3 aller chemischen Erzeugnisse wie Polymeren, Pflanzenschutzmitteln, Arzneistoffen, Produkten für die Trinkwasseraufbereitung bis hin zum hochreinen Silicium für Photovoltaik‐ und Elektronik‐Anwendungen benötigt. Die industrielle Produktion von Chlor durch die Chlor‐Alkali‐Elektrolyse kann seit 1975 mit dem Membran‐Verfahren durchgeführt werden, dessen weltweiter Marktanteil stetig steigt. Zunehmende Bedeutung erlangen auch Verfahren zum Recycling von Chlor aus Chlorwasserstoff. Der immer noch sehr hohe Bedarf an elektrischer Energie der elektrochemischen Syntheseverfahren kann signifikant um bis zu 30% verringert werden, wenn die Wasserstoff‐erzeugenden Elektroden in den klassischen Verfahren durch Sauerstoffverzehrkathoden (SVK) ersetzt werden, die aus Brennstoffzellen bekannt sind. Während die Elektrolyse von Chlorwasserstoff mit SVK bereits in Großanlagen durchgeführt wird, steht auch die Chlor‐Alkali‐Elektrolyse mit SVK auf Basis von Natriumchlorid vor dem technischen Durchbruch. Ab 2011 wird das neue Verfahren in einer Demonstrationsanlage der Bayer MaterialScience AG mit einer jährlichen Kapazität von 20000 t Cl2 am Standort Uerdingen erprobt. Die Chlor‐Alkali‐Elektrolyse mit SVK könnte zukünftig einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur energieeffizienteren Synthese von Chlor und zur Minderung der indirekten CO2‐Emissionen leisten.
Rückkehr zum Ursprung des Lebens
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: June 2011

Im Jahre 1953 führte ein Doktorand namens Stanley Miller ein Experiment aus, das zu einem Klassiker der modernen Wissenschaft werden sollte. Mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert später haben seine aufbewahrten Substanzproben jetzt weitere Erkenntnisse geliefert.