bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CITED4 enhances the metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Lianmin , Wang Yuan , Sha Yongsheng , Zhang Bin , Zhang Rui , Zhang Hua , Xu Shilei , Wang Hailong , Xu Yue , Chen Yulong , Zhao Xiaoliang , Zhu Jianquan , Zhang Zhenfa , Wang Changli
Published: March 2021

Background

CITED4 belongs to the CBP/p300‐interacting transactivator with glutamic acid and aspartic acid‐rich tail (CITED) family which is induced by various cytokines and participates in cytokine‐induced proliferation and differentiation. CITED4 is induced by HB‐EGF in lung cancer cells. However, it is unclear whether and how CITED4 contributes to the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC).

Methods

CITED4 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and its association with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival were analyzed based on a cohort of 261 patients. The roles of CITED4 were validated via loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function experiments. The relationship between CITED4 and CLDN3 was validated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assays. The function of the CITED4‐CTNNB1‐CLDN3 complex was fully validated and described.

Results

CITED4 expression was significantly upregulated in ADC tissues and cells and a predictor for DFS. Downregulation of CITED4 attenuated the proliferation and invasion, whereas CITED4 overexpression enhanced these effects. Overexpression and knockdown of CITED4 resulted in the upregulation and downregulation of CLDN3, respectively. Moreover, CITED4 downregulation suppressed CLDN3‐mediated ADC cell metastasis in vivo. CITED4 was highly expressed and positively correlated with CLDN3. Mechanistically, CITED4 interacted with CTNNB1 and functioned synergistically to enhance CLDN3 transcription. Importantly, CITED4 induced ADC invasion via a CLDN3‐dependent pathway. CITED4 determined the level of CLDN3, which in turn affected the sensitivity of tumors to Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin treatment.

Conclusions

The CITED4‐CTNNB1‐CLDN3 axis plays a key role in the invasion and metastasis of ADC and provides a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
First report of cutaneous mycetoma by Paecilomyces variotii and the successful treatment with combined itraconazole and terbinafine along with resection surgeries
Authors: Criado Paulo Ricardo , Belda Junior Walter , da Matta Vania Lucia Ribeiro
Published: March 2021

Mycetoma is a progressively mutilating infectious disease of the subcutaneous tissue that affects the skin and deep structures, which is poorly responsive to chemotherapy. Here, we report a skin mycetoma caused by Paecilomyces variotii, an uncommon fungus of human infections, and the therapeutic approach that resulted in a complete cure of the patient.
Overhearing Brief Negative Messages Has Lasting Effects on Children’s Attitudes Toward Novel Social Groups
Authors: Conder Emily B. , Lane Jonathan D.
Published: March 2021

Societies are rife with out‐group discrimination and mistreatment. One way that children might acquire social biases that lead to such outcomes is by overhearing derogatory or disparaging comments about social groups. Children (n = 121) overheard a video call between a researcher and an adult or child caller who made negative claims (or no claims) about a novel social group. Immediately and following a 2‐week delay, older children (7–9 years) who overheard the message demonstrated stronger negative attitudes toward the group than children who heard no message. Younger children’s (4‐ to 5‐year‐olds’) attitudes were generally unaffected by these claims. Thus, overhearing brief, indirect messages from children or adults had robust and lasting effects on the social biases of children 7 years and older.
Periodontitis‐compromised dental pulp stem cells secrete extracellular vesicles carrying miRNA‐378a promote local angiogenesis by targeting Sufu to activate the Hedgehog/Gli1 signalling
Authors: Zhou Huan , Li Xuan , Wu Rui‐Xin , He Xiao‐Tao , An Ying , Xu Xin‐Yue , Sun Hai‐Hua , Wu Li‐An , Chen Fa‐Ming
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Previously, our investigations demonstrated robust pro‐angiogenic potentials of extracellular vesicles secreted by periodontitis‐compromised dental pulp stem cells (P‐EVs) when compared to those from healthy DPSCs (H‐EVs), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

Materials and methods

Here, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) specifically found in P‐EVs (compared with H‐EVs) were identified by Agilent miRNA microarray analysis, and the roles of the candidate miRNA in P‐EV‐enhanced cell angiogenesis were confirmed by cell transfection and RNA interference methods. Next, the direct binding affinity between the candidate miRNA and its target gene was evaluated by luciferase reporter assay. CCK‐8, transwell/scratch wound healing and tube formation assays were established to investigate the proliferation, migration, and tube formation abilities of endothelial cells (ECs). Western blot was employed to measure the protein levels of Hedgehog/Gli1 signalling pathway components and angiogenesis‐related factors.

Results

The angiogenesis‐related miRNA miR‐378a was found to be enriched in P‐EVs, and its role in P‐EV‐enhanced cell angiogenesis was confirmed, wherein Sufu was identified as a downstream target gene of miR‐378a. Functionally, silencing of Sufu stimulated EC proliferation, migration and tube formation by activating Hedgehog/Gli1 signalling. Further, we found that incubation with P‐EVs enabled the transmission of P‐EV‐contained miR‐378a to ECs. Subsequently, the expressions of Sufu, Gli1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in ECs were significantly influenced by P‐EV‐mediated miR‐378a transmission.

Conclusions

These data suggest that P‐EVs carrying miR‐378a promote EC angiogenesis by downregulating Sufu to activate the Hedgehog/Gli1 signalling pathway. Our findings reveal a crucial role for EV‐derived miR‐378a in cell angiogenesis and hence offer a new target for modifying stem cells and their secreted EVs to enhance vessel regenerative potential.
Concordance between self‐reported and current hepatitis C virus infection status in a sample of people who inject drugs in Sydney and Canberra, Australia
Authors: Gibbs Daisy , Grebely Jason , Sutherland Rachel , Larney Sarah , Butler Kerryn , Dietze Paul M. , Starr Mitchell , Peacock Amy
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Awareness of hepatitis C virus (HCV) status among people who inject drugs is critical to ensure linkage to care and reduce transmission risk. Testing pathways, confusion about results and possible reinfection raise potential for discordance between perceived and actual HCV status among people who inject drugs. We evaluated self‐reported and serologically confirmed HCV status concordance among a sample of Australian people who inject drugs.

Methods

Data were collected in May–June 2018 from participants in Canberra and Sydney, Australia, who had injected drugs at least monthly in the past 6 months. Participants completed a structured interview assessing self‐reported HCV status and provided a dried blood spot sample for HCV RNA testing.

Results

Of 103 participants, 95% self‐reported ever receiving antibody testing, 58% of whom reported having received RNA testing. Seventy‐three percent of participants reported never having been told that they had HCV, 18% reported current infection and 9% did not know their current status. According to dried blood spot RNA testing, 20% were currently infected. Over a quarter of the sample (28%, n = 29) did not accurately report their HCV status, half of whom were unaware of a current infection.

Discussion and Conclusions

With over one‐quarter of the sample in our study not accurately reporting their current HCV status, our findings reinforce the importance of regular testing for active infection, and the need for improved health literacy on HCV antibody and RNA test results, HCV status post‐treatment and reinfection risk.
Do tax and expenditure limitations exacerbate rising income inequality?
Authors: Deller Steven , Maher Craig , Stallmann Judith
Published: March 2021

In recent years, there has been a growing body of literature on the determinants of income inequality and a developing literature on tax and expenditure limitations (TELs). This study connects the two and asks the question—to what extent have state fiscal policies such as TELs impacted income equality? Using a panel of states from 1992 to 2010, we find consistent evidence that more restrictive tax and expenditure limitations exacerbate rising income inequality. Whether TELs are intentionally or unintentionally designed for such an effect is unclear, but what is clear is that these limitations placed on state governments limit their ability to implement policies that could have the potential to reduce income inequality.
Outbreak of the stick insect, Ramulus mikado (Phasmatodea, Phasmatidae), in the Akashina area of Japan (Azumino City, Nagano Prefecture)
Authors: Yano Koki , Ozaki Takahisa , Suzuki Tomoya , Yamazaki Haruka , Nasuno Masayoshi , Degawa Yosuke , Tojo Koji
Published: March 2021

In August 2017, an outbreak of the stick insect, Ramulus mikado (Rehn, 1904), was observed in the Akashina area in Central Japan. This stick insect is a wingless, non‐flying species that inhabits East Asia. Although it seems that the occurrence of many individuals emerging together had been observed in the 2 or 3 years prior, the outbreak in 2017 was on a far larger scale, and was therefore not comparable to anything observed previously. Indeed, it was also observed that the stick insects fed on almost all leaves of the large Japanese zelkova trees until the trees were bare. Additionally, mass gatherings of the stick insects on the walls of houses in the area were observed. In Japan, there have been no other reports of outbreaks of R. mikado, thus this represents a unique case. In the Akashina area, the population's sex ratio is heavily biased towards females, as is the case with other populations, indicating that they reproduce parthenogenetically. However, among our observations, one individual of the 724 specimens collected in the present study was in fact a male. As there have only ever been about 10 observed cases of R. mikado males, the male individual collected in our field research constitutes a valuable record.
Latitudinal gradients and scaling regions in trait space: Taylor’s power law in Japanese woody plants
Authors: Ulrich Werner , Kusumoto Buntarou , Shiono Takayuki , Kubota Yasuhiro
Published: March 2021

Aim

Taylor's power law (TPL) is a variation of the variance:mean ratio and is often used to describe over‐ or underdispersed ecological distributions. We hypothesize that TPL is also applicable to the distribution of species traits and that the respective power law parameters might determine ecological functioning. Here, we aim to study this hypothesis in detail.

Location

East Asian islands, including the Japanese and Ryukyu archipelagos.

Time period

1968–2015.

Major taxa studied

Gymnosperm and angiosperm woody plant species.

Methods

We used the geographical distribution of 946 Japanese woody plant species at the 10 km × 10 km grid cell level. Based on leaf and wood samples and literature data, we studied 10 important plant traits (maximum plant height, average fruit and seed size, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, wood density, leaf tannin and phenol content, and C/P and C/N ratios) and related trait variability to minimum absolute temperature, land and forest area and to the variability in forest cover and elevation using bi‐ and multivariate and piecewise regression analysis.

Results

The variability in the trait expression was well described by TPL. Average trait expression and the respective variability changed predictably along the latitudinal gradient, resulting in a general tendency towards trait clustering (TPL slopes > 1.0). Piecewise regression detected significant breakpoints in the TPL pattern for most traits. Minimum ambient temperature and latitude were the most important predictors of the variability in the observed TPL slopes.

Main conclusions

Taylor's power law appears to be trait specific and cannot be used as a diagnostic ecological character. We propose a new linear model to quantify ecological variability that includes average variable expressions and ecological covariates. We argue that common measures to quantify ecological variability based on the variance:mean ratio might give false impressions about the true degree of variability because they do not account for the variance–mean allometry.
Effects of hemodialysis access surveillance on reducing risk of hemodialysis access thrombosis: A meta‐analysis of randomized studies
Authors: Ali Hatem , Mohamed Mahmoud M. , Baharani Jyoti
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Vascular access thrombosis remains the Achilles Heel for many a hemodialysis patient. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the impact of monitoring vascular access blood flow on prediction and prevention of vascular access thrombosis. We hypothesized that monitoring vascular access blood flow has a pivotal role in lowering the risk of thrombosis and subsequent access failure.

Methodology

We conducted a systematic review in PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify randomized studies that have assessed the effect of hemodialysis access surveillance on the risk of thrombosis. A random‐effects model was used for the meta‐analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed among patients with arterio‐venous fistula (AV‐fistulas) and those with arterio‐venous graft (AV‐grafts).

Results

Ten randomized studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The total number of patients included in the analysis was 1430. On performing the random‐effects model among the included studies, hemodialysis access surveillance was associated with better outcomes (risk ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval ranges from 0.55 to 0.98). The analysis of the AV‐fistula group showed an estimated overall risk ratio of 0.55 (95% confidence interval ranges from 0.33 to 0.89) favoring access surveillance. However, in the AV‐grafts group, the estimated overall risk ratio was 0.92 (95% confidence interval ranges from 0.65 to 1.29) showing no additional benefit for access surveillance.

Conclusion

Hemodialysis access surveillance using access blood flow monitoring can reduce the risk of access thrombosis for patients with AV‐fistulas, but this is not the case with AV‐grafts.
Impact of whey protein addition on wheat bread fermented with a spontaneous sourdough
Authors: Ferreyra Laura S. , Verdini Roxana A. , Soazo Marina , Piccirilli Gisela N.
Published: March 2021

Wheat bread is consumed in large quantities throughout the world. However, it contains an inadequate amount of proteins. This fact can be improved by adding whey protein concentrate (WPC). Sourdough (S) fermentation generally improves some characteristics and the digestibility of bread. The aim of this paper was to determinate the physicochemical properties and in vitro protein digestibility of bread with 20% of WPC leavened with spontaneous S (WPC 20‐S). To complete the experimental design, bread with S without WPC (WPC 0‐S) and bread with yeast (Y) without and with WPC 20% (WPC 0‐Y and WPC 20‐Y, respectively) were produced. WPC 20‐S bread had higher pH, lower moisture and higher hardness and chewiness, compared with WPC 0‐S. Interestingly, WPC had a negative effect only on the specific volume of bread fermented with Y but not when S was used. For all formulations, WPC improved the protein content and in vitro protein digestibility.
Association of FOXP3 gene polymorphisms with chronic immune thrombocytopenia in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhang Donglei , Zhang Xian , Li Huiyuan , Xue Feng , Zhang Lei , Yang Renchi
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) is encoded by the human FOXP3, an X‐chromosome gene, and is a transcription factor that regulates regulatory T‐cell (Treg) development and function. FOXP3 gene polymorphisms have recently been investigated as candidate risk factors in various autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the possible influence of FOXP3 gene polymorphisms on genetic predisposition to chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Methods

The study cohort comprised 329 chronic ITP patients and 279 healthy controls, who were genotyped for three polymorphisms in the promoter region of FOXP3 gene, −6054 del/ATT, −3279 A/C, and −924 A/G.

Results

Of the three polymorphisms identified, the −3279 AA genotype was more frequent in female patients with chronic ITP than in female controls (P = .035, OR 0.434, 95% CI 0.223‐0.846), and the −3279 A carrier was shown to be associated with the risk of chronic ITP in female cohort (P = .003, OR 0.610, 95% CI 0.437‐0.851). Furthermore, the female patients with chronic ITP had remarkably more frequent haplotype −6054 del/−3279 A/−924 A (P = .027, OR 3.584, 95% CI 1.148‐11.186) and less haplotype −6054 del/−3279 C/−924 G (P = .039, OR 0.445, 95% CI 0.204‐0.973) in comparison with female healthy controls. Although there were no significant differences in the male cohort, when the combined alleles and haplotypes of the two genders were analyzed, the results obtained were similar to those of females.

Conclusion

According to our data, the −3279 A/C polymorphism of FOXP3 gene may be associated with the susceptibility to chronic ITP in Chinese Han population.
Nurses as new heroes of modern times
Authors: Różyk‐Myrta A. , Brodziak A. , Kołat E.
Published: March 2021

Background

Difficult times of epidemics, wars and an ageing population have made humanity aware of the important role to be played by those who, at the risk of their own health and lives, help and care for others, are the new superheroes of modern reality. Nurses are the foundation of any healthcare system. Today, many of them are on the front line in the fight against COVID‐19. Without nurses and other health professionals, the world will not win the fight against epidemics or pandemics or achieve the health potential of populations.

Aim

The main purpose of this article is to draw attention to the heroic work of nurses and the role they have to fulfil in society. Their daily work, hardship and courage can be called heroism, especially when in times of epidemics or pandemics they risk their own lives to care for and support those most in need.

Conclusion

The greatest heroes of today are health professionals, among whom nurses play a key role. The new superheroes can be a symbol of hope, tenacity, courage and persistence of humanity, no matter how difficult a challenge fate presents. Implications for nursing, and Social Policy.
Limited duration of antiarrhythmic drug use for newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in a nationwide population under age 65
Authors: D'Angelo Robert N. , Rahman Motiur , Khanna Rahul , Yeh Robert W. , Goldstein Laura , Yadalam Sashi , Kalsekar Iftekhar , Tung Patricia , Zimetbaum Peter J.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) are commonly used for the treatment of newly diagnosed symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF), however initial AAD choice, duration of therapy, rates of discontinuation, and factors associated with a durable response to therapy are poorly understood. This study assesses the initial choice and duration of antiarrhythmic drug therapy in the first 2 years after diagnosis of AF in a younger, commercially insured population.

Methods

A large nationally representative sample of patients age 20–64 was studied using the IBM MarketScan Database. Patients who started an AAD within 90 days of AF diagnosis with continuous enrollment for 1‐year pre‐index diagnosis and 2 years post‐index were included. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine factors associated with AAD discontinuation.

Results

Flecainide was used most frequently (26.8%), followed by amiodarone (22.5%), dronedarone (18.3%), sotalol (15.8%), and propafenone (14.0%), with other AADs used less frequently. Twenty‐two percent of patients who started on an AAD underwent ablation within 2 years, with 79% discontinuing the AAD after ablation. Ablation was the strongest predictor of AAD discontinuation (hazard ratio [HR], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61–1.80), followed by the male gender (HR, 1.10; CI: 1.02–1.19). Older patients (HR, 0.76; CI: 0.72–0.80; reference age 18–49) and those with comorbidities, including cardiomyopathy (HR, 075; CI: 0.61–0.91), diabetes (HR, 0.83; CI: 0.75–0.91), and hypertension (HR, 0.87; CI: 0.81–0.94) were less likely to discontinue AADs.

Conclusion

Only 31% of patients remained on the initial AAD at 2 years, with a mean duration of initial therapy 7.6 months before discontinuation.
Detecting melamine‐adulterated raw milk by using near‐infrared transmission spectroscopy
Authors: Liang Wenting , Zhu Zhuozhuo , Yang Biao , Zhu Xinhua , Guo Wenchuan
Published: March 2021

Chinese national standards regulate that the melamine in infant food should not exceed 1 mg/kg. To quickly and accurately identify whether the melamine in raw milk exceeds the limit, near‐infrared transmission (NIRT) spectra of 220 raw milk samples and 380 melamine‐adulterated raw milk samples were collected over the spectral range of 900–1,700 nm. Different spectral preprocessing and dimension reduction methods were used to preprocess the data of full spectra with 425 wavelengths. The qualitative prediction models of partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS‐DA) and support vector machine (SVM) were built based on full spectra and reduced data. The results showed that the SVM was better than PLS‐DA in identifying the melamine‐adulterated raw milk whose melamine contents exceeded the limit of 1 mg/kg. The established SVM model using full spectra had the optimal prediction performance with the accuracy rate of 92.67%, sensitivity of 89.09%, and specificity of 94.74%. The study indicates that the raw milk whose melamine contents exceed the limit of 1 mg/kg could be identified by using NIRT spectroscopy.

Practical Applications

This study demonstrated that the raw milk whose melamine contents exceed the limit of 1 mg/kg could be identified by using near‐infrared transmission spectroscopy. The results provide technical support and effective information for developing portable instrument to detect melamine‐adulterated raw milk in situ or in field.
Female cancer survivors are more likely to be at high risk of malnutrition and meet the threshold for clinical importance for a number of quality of life subscales
Authors: Keaver Laura , O’Callaghan Niamh , O’Sullivan Aoibheann , Quinn Laoise , Loftus Amy , McHugh Catherine M.
Published: March 2021

Background

The present study aimed to explore malnutrition risk, handgrip strength and quality of life (QOL) in cancer survivors.

Methods

In total, 232 individuals completed a demographic questionnaire, Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30). Handgrip strength was determined using a spring‐loaded handgrip dynamometer and anthropometric measurements were taken by an oncology nurse. Frequencies and distribution data, analysis of variance and chi‐squared tests were then conducted.

Results

The majority of the cohort were female (n = 141; 60.8%) had breast cancer (n = 62; 26.7%) and the mean ± SD body mass index (BMI) was 26.6 ± 6.2 kg m–2. Less than a one‐third reported seeing a dietitian (n = 68; 29.3%). Over one‐third reported recent weight loss (n = 88; 37.3%). Some 40.9% (n = 95) were at moderate to high risk of malnutrition, with women more likely than men to be classified as high risk (p < 0.05). Mean ± SD handgrip strength was 25 ± 15 kg and this differed significantly by gender (p = 0.00), cancer type (p = 0.01) and BMI classification (p = 0.01). One‐fifth of individuals were classified as having dynapenia (n = 48; 21.1%). Median (interquartile range) QOL score was 66.7 (33.3). The proportion of individuals meeting the threshold for clinical importance for QOL subscales ranged from 12.5% (constipation) to 42.7% (physical functioning). Females were more likely than males to meet the threshold for physical functioning (p = 0.00), fatigue (p = 0.02) and pain (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Females are more likely than males to be at high risk of malnutrition and meet the threshold for clinical significance for several QOL subscales.
The accuracy of portion size estimation using food images and textual descriptions of portion sizes: an evaluation study
Authors: Lucassen Desiree A. , Willemsen Romy F. , Geelen Anouk , Brouwer‐Brolsma Elske M. , Feskens Edith J.M.
Published: March 2021

Background

Inaccurate self‐report of portion sizes is a major cause of measurement error in dietary assessment. To reduce this error, different portion size estimation aids (PSEAs) have been developed, including food images (image based, IB‐PSE) and textual descriptions of portion sizes (text‐based, TB‐PSE). We assessed the accuracy of portion size estimation by IB‐PSE and TB‐PSE.

Methods

True intake of one lunch was ascertained in forty participants. Self‐reported portion sizes were assessed after 2 and 24 hours by means of TB‐PSE and IB‐PSE, in random order. Wilcoxon's tests were used to compare mean true intakes to reported intakes. Moreover, proportions of reported portion sizes within 10% and 25% of true intake were assessed. An adapted Bland‐Altman approach was used to assess agreement between true and reported portion sizes. Analyses were conducted for all foods and drinks combined and for predetermined food types.

Results

No significant differences were observed between reported portion sizes at 2 and 24 hours after lunch. Combining median relative errors of all foods items resulted in an overall 0% error rate for TB‐PSE and 6% error rate for IB‐PSE. Comparing reported portion sizes within 10% (31% vs. 13%) and 25% (50% vs. 35%) of the true intake showed a better performance for TB‐PSE compared to IP‐PSE, respectively. Bland‐Altman plots indicated a higher agreement between reported and true intake for TB‐PSE compared to IB‐PSE.

Conclusions

Although the use of TB‐PSE still results in measurement error, our results suggest a more accurate dietary intake assessment with TB‐PSE than IB‐PSE.
What are the shared decision‐making experiences of adult children in regard to their parent/s’ health care in residential aged care facilities?
Authors: Monson Ainslie , Hendricks Joyce , Sundin Deborah
Published: March 2021

Aim

This scoping literature review aimed to answer the question: What are the shared decision‐making experiences of adult children in regard to their parent/s’ health care in residential aged care facilities?

Background

Shared decision‐making has been an important patient‐centred approach to nursing care since the 1990s, yet it is becoming increasingly evident that it is still not the reality in aged care facilities fifty years on. Currently, it is not well understood how adult children participate in shared decision‐making and the types of decisions they are required to make.

Design

A review of original research papers using Kable, Pich and Maslin‐Prothero 12‐step systematic approach to documenting a search strategy.

Method

The researcher screened 597 articles from four databases, published in the English language, during the period 1985–2019. The researcher used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2011 to determine the methodological quality of the included studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute QARI data tool was used to appraise the seven selected articles and thematically analyse findings, respectively.

Results

Four themes were highlighted: communication; staffing; being involved; and staff–family relationships. Despite these themes being apparent, families have limited opportunities to participate in shared health decision‐making in regard to their parents’ care.

Conclusion

The findings from this literature show how shared decision‐making is affected by the RACF environment. There is a need to find out and understand what is important from a family member's point of view to optimise shared decision‐making and nursing care of the family member in residential aged care settings.

Relevance to clinical practice

The limited findings specific to the SDM experiences of adult children of parents in RACFs in this review could help staff and RACFs to develop strategies and staff training to encourage and facilitate the implementation of shared health decision‐making with staff and families on older people's care.
Pharmacological management of an aneurysmal bone cyst in Noonan syndrome
Authors: Jadun Sarah , Beneng Kiran , Kwok Jerry , Sproat Chris , Patel Vinod
Published: March 2021

Aim

Noonan syndrome is an uncommon disorder which can present with developmental delay, short stature and cardiac anomalies. Oro‐facial presentation includes giant cell lesions with secondary aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC). The current case report presents an extensive mandibular ABC managed solely by oral bisphosphonates.

Material and methods

This is a single retrospective case report.

Results

A stark regression of the ABC was evident following the use of oral bisphosphonates with reformation of mandibular integrity.

Conclusion

This case reports highlights the potential value of oral bisphosphonate to manage oral pathology such as an ABC.
Photochemoprotective Potential of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Eugenia hiemalis Leaves and Its 2,6‐Di‐O‐galloylarbutin Isolate Against UVB‐Induced Photodamage
Authors: Iwanaga Camila C. , Ferreira Lilian A.O. , Rodrigues Camilla C.A. , Pinto Ingrid C. , Romagnolo Mariza B. , Nakamura Celso V. , Casagrande Rubia , Truiti Maria C.T.
Published: March 2021

Intense and constant exposure to UVB radiation can lead to inflammation and oxidative stress, which are associated with many cutaneous disorders, including photoaging and skin cancer. Antioxidant plant materials that are rich in polyphenols, such as the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from Eugenia hiemalis leaves, and phenolic compounds represent a promising approach to protect the skin against UVB‐induced damage. The present study evaluated the photochemoprotective potential of the EAF and its 2,6‐di‐O‐galloylarbutin (1) isolate. The EAF and the phenolic antioxidant (1) reduced UVB‐induced L929 fibroblast death. The EAF prevented UVB‐induced damage in fibroblasts by inhibiting the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, especially in pretreated cells. Topical treatment with an emulsion with 1% EAF prevented/attenuated UVB‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the skin in hairless mice by controlling the increase in myeloperoxidase activity, reducing superoxide anion production, maintaining radical‐scavenging ability and ferric reducing power, and controlling the depletion of reduced glutathione and catalase levels. The EAF also inhibited the increase in epidermal thickness, mast cell infiltration, the number of sunburn cells and collagen fiber destruction that were triggered by UVB. The in vitro and in vivo results indicated that the EAF is a bioactive agent that is able to protect the skin against the harmful effects of UVB.
Comparing the physical performance of liquid barrier films
Authors: Bodkhe Rajan B. , Shrestha Shrijana B. , Unertl Karl , Fetzik Joseph , McNulty Amy K.
Published: March 2021

Background

Barrier films have been used for many years to protect skin from the damaging effects of excessive moisture and mechanical injury. The performance characteristics important for these protective effects are mainly product durability and its ability to reduce the force of adhesive removal. Additionally, the moisture vapor transmission rate through the film needs to be high enough that maceration is prevented. The current study was undertaken to investigate various physical performance characteristics of six commercially available barrier films.

Materials and methods

Several bench tests were used to simulate performance features of the barriers on skin including barrier durability, breathability (moisture vapor permeability), and the effect on adhesive dressing force of removal.

Results

Results indicated that barrier films did not perform equivalently. However, Cavilon™ No Sting Barrier Film (NSB) was shown to have significantly greater durability in the barrier integrity test than all other barriers tested and was tied for highest breathability and highest reduction in peel force from steel. No other tested barrier film performed as consistently across the different tests.

Conclusion

These results may provide mechanistic understanding of how barriers such as NSB may clinically assist with the prevention of adhesive‐ and moisture‐related skin damage.
Primary bone marrow T‐cell lymphoma in a Golden Retriever
Authors: Pinard Christopher J. , Ludwig Latasha , Egan Rebecca , Tatiersky Laetitia , Brooks Melanie , Richardson Danielle , Hocker Samuel E , Bienzle Dorothee
Published: March 2021

A 6.2‐year‐old 28‐kg (61.7 lb) intact female Golden Retriever was referred due to persistent and multiple cytopenias noted on a routine CBC prior to a mature ovariohysterectomy procedure. The patient's physical examination was unremarkable, and staging of the thorax and abdomen identified no abnormalities. At the referral hospital, moderate hypercalcemia, borderline anemia, and neutropenia were noted. Assessment of bone marrow samples by cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry indicated a T‐cell neoplasm. The patient was treated with a multi‐agent chemotherapy protocol for 6 months, which induced remission. Nine months after diagnosis, she relapsed with recurrence of hypercalcemia, cytopenias, and clinical illness. Single‐agent anthracycline (mitoxantrone) in combination with prednisone therapy was initiated for 3 months. Two months after completion, the patient relapsed again, and palliative therapy with prednisone was elected. The patient was euthanized 16 months after diagnosis due to progressive disease. Post‐mortem histopathologic evaluation showed extensive replacement of bone marrow by neoplastic cells, and infiltrates in multiple organs. The neoplasm was diagnosed as lymphoma rather than leukemia due to the lack of abnormal circulating cells throughout the course of disease. The neoplasm was detected only in marrow at the time of initial diagnosis, and the marrow was the most extensively effaced organ at the time of death. Therefore, leukemia or stage V lymphoma was considered unlikely. In patients with a cytopenia and lack of neoplastic leukocytosis or solid tissue masses, primary bone marrow lymphoma should be considered among the differential diagnoses.
Optimization of diagnostic strategy for non‐invasive cell‐free foetal RHD determination from maternal plasma
Authors: Pazourkova Eva , Zednikova Iveta , Korabecna Marie , Kralova Jana , Pisacka Martin , Novotna Michaela , Calda Pavel , Horinek Ales
Published: March 2021

Background and objectives

The aim of the study was to optimize routine non‐invasive prenatal detection of fetal RHD gene from plasma of RhD‐negative pregnant women (the median of gestational age was 25 weeks, range 10–38) to detect RhD materno‐fetal incompatibility and to avoid the redundant immunoprophylaxis.

Materials and methods

Initially only one exon of RHD gene (exon 10) was investigated in 281 plasma samples (144 verified after delivery), in the second phase three RHD exons (5, 7, 10) were analyzed in 246 samples of plasma and maternal genomic DNA (204 verified) by real‐time PCR method. Detection of Y‐chromosomal sequence DYS‐14 and five X‐chromosomal insertion/deletion polymorphisms was used to confirm the fetal cfDNA detectability in plasma. Specific polymorphisms in RHD gene were detected by sequence‐specific primer PCR in nine samples.

Results

When only the RHD exon 10 was tested, 2·8% of verified samples were false positive and 3·5% false negative. With three RHD exons (5, 7, 10) and maternal genomic DNA testing, only one case was false negative (0·5%). Nine samples were inconclusive due to RHD‐positive results in maternal genomic DNA. These samples were analyzed for specific mutations in RHD gene. Combination of both methods for fetal cfDNA verification succeeded in 75% of tested group.

Conclusion

Implementation of analysis of three RHD exons and maternal genomic DNA to routine practice lowers dramatically the ratio of false positive and negative results. This method enables more accurate determination of fetal RHD status with the reduction of unnecessary medical care and RhD immunoprophylaxis.
The Importance of Socio-Economic Primary and Secondary Images for Thailand’s Tourism: A Case Study of Swedish Tourists
Authors: Chaiyamart Pattaraphongpan
Published: March 2021

Swedish tourists constitute one of the most important markets for Thailand’s tourism industry. On average, Swedish tourists stay in Thailand 9 days and spend 101 euros per day. Their image of Thailand plays a significant role in deciding to visit or revisit Thailand. The socio-economic primary image consists of five factors: safety and security, feeling at home during their visit to Thailand, money value, the trip exceeding their expectation, and the ease of making trip arrangements. These are crucial factors that determine the level of satisfaction tourists experience during their trip. These factors also help determine whether the tourists visit Thailand again in the future.
Psychological Capital in Educational Context: Lifelong Learning and Beyond Hope
Authors: Lin Mei-Ling,
Published: March 2021

The world of work is constantly changing whereby innovation and challenges requires oneself to be competitive. Although, human capital and social capital are vital to the success, psychological capital (PsyCap) has been proposed as a new complementary concept that remains in success. Research proves that hope is a good predictor of subjective well-being. Promoting academic PsyCap helps achieve academic success. The author attempts to draw parallels to consider the construct of PsyCap that can predict educational success, substantiates the assumptions in light of results of survey “Psychological Perspectives on Perceived Hope”, and highlights the significant relationships between hope, PsyCap and other relevant variables that impact educational and future life success. These dynamics of lifelong learning, hope, and psychological capital needs further empirical clarification. The purpose of this paper is to present the local results, especially the assessment of the social and psychological aspects of hope in relation to lifelong learning. Accordingly, the paper has three aims: Firstly, what is the role of the demographic structure of the samples in enabling social change (optimism and enthusiasm, happy life years, self-efficacy) and hope of life (well-being, basic human needs, life satisfaction)? Secondly, what are the predictability of social change and hope of life? Thirdly, what are the correlation of social change and hope of life? These research questions capture broader social and psychological debates about the topics of lifelong learning, social exclusion, well-being, hope and psychological capital, and they also assist us to progress the discussions around the hope for a good life. SPSS (t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, canonical correlation analysis) is utilized to gather descriptive statistics.
Are Icelandic harbor seals acoustically cryptic to avoid predation?
Authors: Rößler Helen , Tougaard Jakob , Sabinsky Puk F. , Rasmussen Marianne H. , Granquist Sandra M. , Wahlberg Magnus
Published: March 2021

Male harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) produce stereotypic underwater roars during the mating season. It remains unclear to what extent roar structures vary due to predation levels. Here, seal roars from waters with many (Iceland) and few (Denmark and Sweden) predators were compared. Most Icelandic roars included a long pulse train and a pause. Icelandic roars occurred less frequently, lasted longer (20.3 ± 6.5 s), and were recorded with lower received sound levels (98.3 ± 8.9 dB re 1 μPa root mean square) than roars from Denmark and Sweden. Local extrinsic factors may shape sound production in harbor seals more than previously reported.
A revised position for the primary strand of the Pleistocene-Holocene San Andreas fault in southern California
Authors: Blisniuk Kimberly , Scharer Katherine , Sharp Warren D. , Burgmann Roland , Amos Colin , Rymer Michael
Published: March 2021

A 100 ka record of slip reveals the potential of large earthquakes on the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas Fault.
Output planning at the input stage in visual working memory
Authors: Boettcher Sage E. P. , Gresch Daniela , Nobre Anna C. , van Ede Freek
Published: March 2021

The human brain immediately plans for prospective action when storing sensations into working memory.
Molecularly soldered covalent organic frameworks for ultrafast precision sieving
Authors: Zhang Yanqiu , Guo Jing , Han Gang , Bai Yongping , Ge Qingchun , Ma Jun , Lau Cher Hon , Shao Lu
Published: March 2021

COF membrane was synthesized using a molecularly soldered strategy toward precise-sieving angstrom-sized contaminants.
Artificial microswimmers get smart
Authors: Stark Holger
Published: March 2021

Reinforcement learning enables microswimmers to navigate through noisy and unexplored real-world environments.
Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus epidermidis AUH4567, a Clinical Isolate from an Infected Central Venous Catheter
Authors: Meyer Rikke Louise , Skovdal Sandra M. , Marshall Ian P. G. , Schreiber Lars , Nørskov-Lauritsen Niels , Jørgensen Nis Pedersen
Published: March 2021

Staphylococcus epidermidis
is a common cause of implant-associated infections, and this is related to its ability to form biofilms. Strain-to-strain variability in biofilm formation is likely caused by genetic differences. Here, we present a draft genome of
S. epidermidis
AUH4567, which was isolated from a central venous catheter infection.
Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter hepaticus Strain UF2019SK1, Isolated from a Commercial Layer Flock in the United States
Authors: Arukha Ananta , Denagamage Thomas N. , Butcher Gary , Kariyawasam Subhashinie
Published: March 2021

The thermophilic
Campylobacter
species
Campylobacter hepaticus
is the causative agent of spotty liver disease (SLD) in chickens. This announcement describes the complete genome sequence of
C. hepaticus
strain UF2019SK1, isolated from the liver of a commercial layer chicken with SLD in the United States.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) manifestation in CNS: a regular or chance occurrence?
Authors: Prakhova Lidiia , Lebedev Valeriy , Ilves Aleksandr , Nazinkina Yulia
Published: March 2021

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)-associated involvement of the peripheral nervous system is widely reported in the literature. At the same time, involvement of central nervous system (CNS) occurs far less frequently. Analysing the reported cases, almost all the authors pose the question whether there is a relationship between CNS involvement and MGUS, and at what stage it is necessary to begin therapy of haematological disorders. The limited number of reported cases precludes us from getting a definite answer to these questions, thus making further accumulation of clinical data highly relevant. In this article, we present two cases of CNS involvement in patients with MGUS, which, in our opinion, may suggest the existence of a causal relationship between MGUS and CNS involvement. Currently, the above hypothesis cannot be taken as proved due to the lack of a sufficient number of clinical observations and scientific studies. Therefore, the issue of MGUS-associated CNS involvement requires further research.
Focal congenital hyperinsulinism resulting from biallelic loss of function ofKCNJ11gene
Authors: Garegrat Reema , Patnaik Suprabha , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Datar Chaitanya
Published: March 2021

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) characterised by inappropriate secretion of insulin despite low blood glucose can result in irreversible brain damage if not promptly treated. The most common genetic cause of hyperinsulinism is the pathogenic variants inABCC8andKCNJ11, causing dysregulated insulin secretion. Rapid testing is crucial for all patients because finding a mutation significantly impacts this condition’s clinical management. We report a rare case of focal CHI after a homozygousKCNJ11mutation who underwent a selective lesionectomy and required octreotide for euglycaemia.
Skin autofluorescence predicts cancer in subjects with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Foussard Ninon , Larroumet Alice , Rigo Marine , Mohammedi Kamel , Baillet-Blanco Laurence , Poupon Pauline , Monlun Marie , Lecocq Maxime , Devouge Anne-Claire , Ducos Claire , Liebart Marion , Battaglini Quentin , Rigalleau Vincent
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Subjects with type 2 diabetes have an excess risk of cancer. The potential role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulated during long-term hyperglycemia in cancer development has been suggested by biological studies but clinical data are missing. AGEs can be estimated by measuring the skin autofluorescence. We searched whether the skin autofluorescence could predict new cancers in persons with type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods

From 2009 to 2015, we measured the skin autofluorescence of 413 subjects hospitalized for uncontrolled or complicated type 2 diabetes, without any history of cancer. The participants were followed for at least 1 year and the occurrences of new cancers were compared according to their initial skin autofluorescences.

Results

The participants were mainly men (57.9%), with poorly controlled (HbA1c 72±14 mmol/mol or 8.7%±1.8%) and/or complicated type 2 diabetes. Their median skin autofluorescence was 2.6 (2.2–3.0) arbitrary units. Forty-five new cancer cases (10.9%) were registered during 4.8±2.3 years of follow-up: 75.6% of these subjects had skin autofluorescence higher than the median (χ2: p=0.001). By Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, history of smoking and renal parameters, skin autofluorescence >2.6 predicted a 2.57-fold higher risk of cancer (95% CI 1.28 to 5.19, p=0.008). This association remained significant after excluding the eight cancers that occurred in the 4 years after inclusion (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.36 to 6.38, p=0.006). As a continuous variable, skin autofluorescence was also related to new cancers (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10, p=0.045).

Conclusions

Skin autofluorescence, a potential marker of glycemic memory, predicts the occurrence of cancer in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This relation provides a new clinical argument for the role of AGEs in cancer. Their estimation by measuring the skin autofluorescence may help select subjects with diabetes in cancer screening programs.