Atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon winterianus contra Candida não-albicans de importância clínica no atendimento pediátrico
Authors: Lima Ana Luísa de Araújo , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de , Pérez Ana Luíza Alves de Lima , Sousa Janiere Pereira de , Pinheiro Lilian Sousa , Diniz Neto Hermes , Siqueira Júnior José Pinto de , Lima Edeltrudes de Oliveira 
Published: June 2020

Introdução: Devido às altas taxas de mortalidade, a candidemia têm se tornado um grave problema de saúde na realidade pediátrica, sobretudo quando se considera o aumento de infecções e a letalidade dos casos em grupos de risco como as crianças hospitalizadas e com sistema imunológico deficiente. Ultimamente têm-se percebido um aumento de infecções fúngicas provocadas por espécies não-albicans, trazendo uma nova realidade para o combate destas infecções, especialmente por envolver espécies resistentes à terapia convencional. Já foi demonstrado que o óleo essencial de Cymbopogon winterianus possui uma vasta gama de propriedades farmacológicas, incluindo atividade antifúngica. Objetivo: Este trabalho buscou avaliar a atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor (Poaceae) contra isolados de Candida não-albicans de importância clínica pediátrica. Material e Método: A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) foram determinadas pelas técnicas de microdiluição em caldo. Resultados: Tanto a CIM50 quanto a CFM50 do óleo essencial de C. winterianus para os isolados testados foi de 128 μg/mL.Conclusão: Este produto natural apresentou potencial antifúngico in vitro contra cepas de Candida não-albicans clinicamente relevante para a pediatria médica. Contudo, mais estudos são necessários para elucidar seu mecanismo de ação.Descritores: Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica; Candida; Candidemia; Cymbopogon; Óleos; Pediatria.ReferênciasSteinbach WJ. Pediatric invasive candidiasis: epidemiology and diagnosis in children. J Fungi (Basel). 2016;2(1):5.Ruiz LS, Khouri S, Hahn RC, da Silva EG, de Oliveira VK, Gandra RF et al. Candidemia by species of the Candida parapsilosis complex in children’s hospital: prevalence, biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility. Mycopathologia. 2013;175(3-4):231-39.Oliveira VKP, Ruiz LS, Oliveira NAJ, Moreira D, Hahn RC, Melo ASA et al. Fungemia caused by candida species in a Children´s Public Hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: study in the period 2007-2010. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2014;56(4):301-5.Morace G, Borghi E, Iatta R, Amato G, Andreoni S, Brigante G et al. Antifungal susceptibility of invasive yeast isolates in Italy: the GISIA3 study in critically ill patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:130.Khan SMA, Malik A, Ahmad I. Anti-candidal activity of essential oils alone and in combination with amphotericin B or fluconazole against multi-drug resistant isolates of Candida albicans. Med Mycol. 2012;50(1):33-42.Svetaz L, Aguero MB, Alvarez S, Luna L, Feresin G, Derita M et al. Antifungal activity of Zuccagnia punctata Cav.: evidence for the mechanism of action. Planta Med. 2007;73(10):1074-80.Ganjewala D, Silviya S, Khan HK. Biochemical composition and antibacterial activities of Lantana Camera plants with yellow, lavender, red and white flowers. EurAsia J BioSci. 2009;3:69-77.Scazzocchio F, Garzoli S, Conti C, Leone C, Renaioli C, Pepi F et al. Properties and limits of some essential oils: chemical characterisation, antimicrobial activity, interaction with antibiotics and cytotoxicity. Nat Prod Res. 2016;30(17):1909-18.Silva MR, Ximenes RM, da Costa JG, Leal LK, de Lopes AA, Viana GS. Comparative anticonvulsant activities of the essential oils (EOs) from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt and Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2010;381(5):415-26.Silva CT, Wanderley-Teixeira V, Cunha FM, Oliveira JV, Dutra KA, Navarro DM et al. Biochemical parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) treated with citronella oil (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor) and its influence on reproduction. Acta Histochem. 2016;118(4):347-52.Oliveira WA, Pereira FO, Luna GCDG, Lima IO, Wanderley PA, Lima RB et al. Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor against Candida albicans. Braz J Microbiol. 2011;42(2):433-41.Eloff JN. A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta Med. 1998;64(8):711-13.Hadacek F, Greger H. Testing of antifungal natural products: methodologies, comparability of results and assay choice. Phytochem Anal. 2000;11(3):137-47.CLSI. Clinical and laboratory standards institute. protocol M27-A3. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. 3ed. Wayne, PA, USA. 2008.Espinel-Ingroff A, Chaturvedi V, Fothergill A, Rinaldi MG. Optimal testing conditions for determining MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations of new and established antifungal agents for uncommon molds: NCCLS collaborative study. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(10):3776-81.Falagas   ME,  Roussos   N,  Vardakas   KZ.  Relative frequency of  3 albicans  and the various non-albicans  Candida  spp among candidemia isolates from inpatients in various parts of the world: a systematic review. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14(11):e954-66.Nucci M, Queiroz-Telles F, Alvarado-Matute T, Tiraboschi IN, Corte J, Zurita J et al. Epidemiology of candidemia in Latin America: a laboratory-based survey. Plos One. 2013;8(3):e59373.Simões ER, Santos EA, de Abreu MC, Silva JN, Nunes NM, da Costa MP et al. Biomedical properties and potentiality of Lippia microphylla Cham. and its essential oils. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2015;4(3):256-63.Bilia AR, Santomauro F, Sacco C, Bergonzi MC, Donato R. Essential Oil of Artemisia annua L.: An Extraordinary Component with Numerous Antimicrobial Properties. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014; 2014:159819.Duarte MCT, Figueira G M, Sartoratto A, Rehder VLG, Delarmelina C. Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;97(2):305-11.Sartoratto A, Machado ALM, Delarmelina C, Figueira GM, Duarte MCT, Rehder VLG. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants used in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 2004;35(4):275-80.Morales G, Paredes A, Sierra P, Loyola LA. Antimicrobial activity of three baccharis species used in the traditional medicine of Northern Chile. Molecules. 2008;13(4):790-94.Oliveira WA, Arrua JMM, Wanderley PA, Lima RB, Lima EO. Effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon winterianus against Candida albicans. Rev Pan-Amaz Saude. 2015;6(3):21-6.Tragiannidis A, Tsoulas C, Groll AH. Invasive candidiasis and candidaemia in neonates and children: update on current guidelines. Mycoses 2015;58(1):10-21.Hafidh RR, Abdulamir AS, Vern LS, Bakar FA, Abas F, Jahanshiri F et al. Inhibition of growth of highly resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens by a natural product. Open Microbiol J. 2011;5:96-106.Monk BC, Goffeau A. Outwitting multidrug resistance to antifungals. Sci. 2008;321(5887):367-69.