bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and conduct of Xtreme Everest 2: An observational cohort study of Sherpa and lowlander responses to graduated hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Gilbert-Kawai Edward , Sheperdigian Adam , Adams Thomas , Mitchell Kay , Feelisch Martin , Murray Andrew , Peters Mark , Gilbert-Kawai Grace , Montgomery Hugh , Levett Denny , Kumar Rajendra , Mythen Michael , Grocott Michael , Martin Daniel
Published: April 2015

Objective: Oxygen availability falls with ascent to altitude and also as a consequence of critical illness. Because cellular sequelae and adaptive processes may be shared in both circumstances, high altitude exposure (‘physiological hypoxia’) assists in the exploration of the response to pathological hypoxia. We therefore studied the response of healthy participants to progressive hypobaric hypoxia at altitude. The primary objective of the study was to identify differences between high altitude inhabitants (Sherpas) and lowland comparators.

Methods: We performed an observational cohort study of human responses to progressive hypobaric hypoxia (during ascent) and subsequent normoxia (following descent) comparing Sherpas with lowlanders. Studies were conducted in London (35m), Kathmandu (1300m), Namche Bazaar (3500m) and Everest Base Camp (5300m). Of 180 healthy volunteers departing from Kathmandu, 64 were Sherpas and 116 were lowlanders. Physiological, biochemical, genetic and epigenetic data were collected. Core studies focused on nitric oxide metabolism, microcirculatory blood flow and exercise performance. Additional studies performed in nested subgroups examined mitochondrial and metabolic function, and ventilatory and cardiac variables. Of the 180 healthy participants who left Kathmandu, 178 (99%) completed the planned trek. Overall, more than 90% of planned testing was completed. Forty-four study protocols were successfully completed at altitudes up to and including 5300m. A subgroup of identical twins (all lowlanders) was also studied in detail.

Conclusion: This programme of study (Xtreme Everest 2) will provide a rich dataset relating to human adaptation to hypoxia, and the responses seen on re-exposure to normoxia. It is the largest comprehensive high altitude study of Sherpas yet performed. Translational data generated from this study will be of relevance to diseases in which oxygenation is a major factor.
Reviews
Authors: Southwood Russell , Miller Toby , Evens Tom
Published: April 2015

Broadband as a Video Platform – Strategies for Africa, Judith O’Neill, Eli M. Noam and Darcy Gerbarg (eds) (2014) Springer: Berlin, 177 pp. ISBN: 9783319036168, h/bk, ¢æ84

Data Journalism: Mapping the Future, John Mair, Richard Lance Keeble, Paul Bradshaw and Teodora Beleaga (eds) (2013) Abramis: Bury St Edmunds, 187 pp. ISBN: 9781845496166, p/bk, $23.85

Screen Distribution and the New King Kongs of the Online World, Stuart Cunningham and Jon Silver (2013) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 132 pp. ISBN: 9781137326447, h/bk, £47
El Reto de una Educación de Calidad en la Escuela Inclusiva
Authors: Gallego Ortega José Luis , Rodríguez Fuentes Antonio
Published: April 2015

En este artículo se aboga por una educación de calidad en el marco de una escuela inclusiva. A este efecto, se analizan los movimientos de la integración escolar y de la escuela inclusiva, habida cuenta de la existencia de evidencias que muestran cómo el sistema educativo, en ocasiones, no atiende equitativamente a todos los individuos. Se defiende la necesidad de una escuela inclusiva y una escuela para todos y se postula que los modelos educativos diferenciados no contribuyen a mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza. Cada vez más, la educación inclusiva gana adeptos y se configura como una filosofía imprescindible en la sociedad actual, por cuanto representa el rechazo de políticas y prácticas que declinan ante la exclusión. Sólo una sociedad sustancialmente distinta tiene capacidad para incluir a personas diferentes y respetar sus condiciones de vida.
Desenvolvimento da Escala de Regulação da Satisfação de Necessidades Psicológicas de Proximidade e Autonomia: Relação com o bem-estar e mal-estar psicológicos
Authors: Bernardo Filipe , Branco Vasco António
Published: April 2015

As Necessidades Psicológicas têm sido cruciais no estudo do Bem-estar Psicológico. O Modelo da Complementaridade Paradigmática propôs que este Bem-estar resulta da regulação da satisfação de sete pares de Necessidades dialécticas, através de um processo contínuo de negociação e balanceamento entre polaridades. Pretendeu-se criar a Escala de Regulação de Satisfação de Necessidades – Proximidade/Autonomia, ERSN-P/A, que avaliasse o grau de regulação destas necessidades e compreender a sua relação com o Bem-estar e Mal-estar Psicológicos, a pelo Inventário de Saúde Mental (ISM). Ambos os instrumentos foram aplicados a 237 participantes através de uma plataforma digital online. Os resultados, em linha com as conclusões, revelam uma boa consistência interna da ERSN-P/A. Outrossim, verifica-se uma relação positiva e significativa entre o Bem-estar Psicológico e as regulações de Proximidade e Autonomia. Para estas necessidades, o Mal-estar Psicológico apresenta relações negativas e significativas. Na comparação de quatro grupos com regulação de necessidades distintas, registam-se diferenças significativas em termos de Bem-estar e Mal-estar Psicológicos. Discutem-se as limitações do estudo, as suas implicações para a prática clínica e propostas para investigações futuras
Contributo de fatores individuais, sociais e ambientais para a decisão de prosseguir uma gravidez não planeada na adolescência: Um estudo caracterizador da realidade portuguesa
Authors: Pires Raquel , Pereira Joana , Araújo Pedrosa Anabela , Vilar Duarte , Vicente Lisa , Canavarro Maria Cristina
Published: April 2015

Resumo Foi nosso objetivo explorar o contributo simultâneo de fatores individuais, sociais e ambientais e das possíveis interações entre eles para a decisão de prosseguir uma gravidez adolescente à luz do atual quadro legislativo que despenaliza a interrupção da gravidez por opção da mulher, em Portugal. A amostra foi constituída por 276 adolescentes que engravidaram de forma não planeada e contactaram com os serviços de saúde dentro do prazo legal que lhes permitiria optar pela interrupção: 133 adolescentes que prosseguiram a gravidez e 143 que a interromperam. Os dados foram recolhidos entre 2008 e 2013 em 53 serviços de saúde de todas as regiões. Não ter ponderado as duas alternativas possíveis (prosseguimento/interrupção), pertencer a famílias de baixo nível socioeconómico e com história de maternidade adolescente, ter abandonado a escola e residir em áreas com maior densidade populacional e onde a população feminina é menos escolarizada foram fatores explicativos do prosseguimento da gravidez. A menor idade da adolescente associou-se com o prosseguimento apenas quando não foram ponderadas ambas as alternativas. O efeito da religiosidade local variou de acordo com o envolvimento religioso da adolescente. Estes resultados têm importantes implicações para a prática clínica e investigação na área da decisão reprodutiva na adolescência.Abstract The aim of the current study was to explore the simultaneous contribution of individual, social, and environmental factors, as well as the possible interactions between them to the decision to continue an adolescent pregnancy after the abortion on women´s demand has been legalized in Portugal. The sample consisted of 276 adolescents who became unintentionally pregnant and contacted with healthcare services within the legal period for induced abortion: 133 adolescents who chose to continue the pregnancy and 143 who chose to terminate the pregnancy. Data were collected between 2008 and 2013, in 53 healthcare centers of all country areas. Not having thought about both available options (i.e., continuing vs. terminating the pregnancy), belonging to families of low socioeconomic status and with adolescent pregnancy history, having dropped out of school and having lived in areas with higher population density and less educated females predicted the decision to continue the pregnancy. The lower the adolescents’ age, the more frequent was the decision to continue the pregnancy, but only when adolescents’ had not thought about both options. The effect of local religiosity differed according to the adolescents’ religious involvement. These findings have important implications for clinical practice and research on adolescents’ reproductive decisions.
Análise fatorial confirmatória do questionário “O Papel do Pai” numa amostra de pais e mães portuguesas
Authors: Monteiro Lígia , Torres Nuno , Veríssimo Manuela , Pessoa e Costa Inês , Freitas Miguel
Published: April 2015

O presente estudo visou traduzir para português o questionário “The Father’s Role” e analisar a qualidade do ajustamento do modelo de medida do instrumento para pais e mães, numa amostra de 200 famílias nucleares, com crianças em idade pré-escolar. Os resultados permitem suportar a estrutura uni-fatorial do QPP para as respostas do pai, com índices de ajustamento que sustentam a boa qualidade do modelo. Para as mães apenas um modelo bi-fatorial se mostrou adequado. Os resultados sugerem que as atitudes e crenças sobre a parentalidade de pais e mães portugueses poderão ter estruturas diferentes.
Students’ Creative Work with Titles of Texts as the Component of Training for their Professional Activity Under Conditions of Mountain Environment
Authors: Komar Oleh
Published: April 2015

The article presents the attempt to reveal peculiarities of organization of students’creative work with titles of texts as the important component of their training for professionalactivity under conditions of mountain environment. The author accentuates on important aspectsof Ukrainian foreign languages education system development and remarks that pragmatic aspectof comprehension of authentic texts titles plays an important role in foreign languages teaching.The titles are analyzed through their semantic and pragmatic peculiarities. Specific examples aregiven in order to sustain the ideas presented in the article. Afterwards the author presents theapproximate classification of various techniques of work with the titles of authentic texts which areparticularly applicable in the schools of mountain regions. These techniques are presented andanalyzed from the viewpoint of potential use of cultural and background information content oftitles in the process of foreign languages teaching.
Training of Primary School Teachers to Professional Mobility in Mountainous Region Conditions
Authors: Lutsan Nadia
Published: April 2015

The entry of Ukraine into the European educational space obliges all levels of educationto respond quickly to new challenges: globalization (open space, competition in the labor market),innovation in science and technology sphere, the speed and frequency of communication of peoplein different areas that change individual environment and educational environment of the country.The system forming competitiveness and personality capable of human social and individualaspects to the fore follows such quality as creativity. Category creativity is one of the mostimportant in recognizing the nature of mental mechanisms of human development and, inparticular child. The paper analyzes the process of formation occupational mobility of the futureexpert that is based on model of modern teacher with considering his personal values andcategories - art and creativity .
Educational Ideal of Ukrainian Ethnopedagogies: Carpathian Vector
Authors: Lysenko Nelly
Published: April 2015

Educational ideal, methods, forms and means of folk-educational influence on itsformation, starting from the first years of baby’s life are topical problems for researchers. The mainelement is an aim. The aim is an ideal image of the expecting result which is regarded as a guidefor the educational activity of a certain ethnic community. The content of the notion of educationalideal is the imagery about the most important qualities of a personality, their manners, culture ofrelationship in the society, behavior.Ukrainian mentality is practicality, rationality, generosity, intellect in general. It is fullyreflected in the pedagogical aim. At the same time mental means spiritual. That is something inthoughts and intents of a person. It is important to emphasize that Ukrainian ethos was formed onthe basis of several groups, not only having formed a nation, but also having synthesized thetemperament, traditions and customs, clothes and everyday life, culture in general. Hutsul, Boyko,Lemko (121 ethnic groups all together) differ by the uniqueness of the appearance. At the sametime their internal essence, that is educational ideal, world view, ethic morals, are unchangeable.Educational ideal is historically determined. Esthetic strategies, formation of creativity,development of the abilities by the means of folk crafts and trades, upbringing of a host piercethrough the educational ideal of nowadays Ukrainians. The people aim to bring up their childrenas true citizens: good kids mean quiet old age, while with evil children old age becomes a hell.Thus, the educational ideal of the Ukrainians should be considered as a basis for moderneducational technologies projection.
Transformation of Structure of Mythological Representations of Mountaineers during a Modernist Style Era
Authors: Lytvyn-Kindratiuk Svitlana
Published: April 2015

In article approach to studying of structure of mythological representations ofmountaineers during an era of modernization and globalization of a way of life is considered. ThePsikhologo-historical foreshortening of the analysis allows to track communication of features ofenvironment and difficulties of coordination to structure of primary and latest mythologicalrepresentations of Huzuls.
Comprehension as a Component of the Future Leader’s Professional Competence in the Field of Innovative Management of Educational Institution (as Far as the Leaders` Activity at Educational Institutions of the Carpathians)
Authors: Sas Natalia
Published: April 2015

The author analyses philosophical, linguistic, psychological, sociological andmanagement approaches to the content of comprehension and peculiarities of comprehension as aconstituent of the future leader`s professional competence in the innovative management of theeducational institution. The problem under consideration is sure to be relevant due to the questionelaboration connected with the implementation of the innovative management means the exactawareness of the specific character of practical application of the new management forms at theeducational institution. The question of general terms is a constituent of the problem ofcomprehension. According to the national Frame of skills competence is a person`s ability toperform particular kind of activity via knowledge, comprehension, skills, values and otherpersonal qualities. In other words it is a dynamic combination of knowledge, comprehension,skills, values and other personal qualities. From this it can be concluded that comprehensionalongside knowledge, skills and values is the component of innovative management competence.Psychology treats comprehension as a complex analytic-synthatic mental activity which tends toreveal and realise the inner essence of the objects, processes and phenomena as well as links,relations, and dependence reflected in it. In the innovative management of educational institutionsmanagement decisions and problem solving activity, setting new objectives, tasks and methodspresuppose the necessity for changing the leader`s way of thinking. The subject of comprehensivesociology is adeliberateaction, connected with the subjective predictable sense. The development ofthe innovative e management competence is determined by the appropriate realization of all theaspects of the professional management. The Carpathians are famous for natural, ecological,technical, organizational, economic, social, cultural and ethnic peculiarities. The specific ones arethose which should be realized and taken into consideration by the leaders of educationalinstitutions in the Carpathians: their being densely populated, the distance between the places ofresidence and schools, household, unique ethnic and handicraft traditions.
The Development of Ethnotourism in the Carpathian Region
Authors: Shykerynets Vasyliy , Gumenyuk Andrew
Published: April 2015

The article deals with the nature, theoretical and methodological framework andresource base of ethnotourism in the Carpathian region. It examined the concept and componentsof ethnic tourism resources & analyzed their provision in the Carpathian region. Also the problemof development of ethnotourism was identified in this region.
The Development of Teacher’s Social Competence in Rural Mountain Elementary School
Authors: Varetska Olena
Published: April 2015

This paper attempted to illuminate the importance of social competence for elementaryschool teacher in rural mountain environment. The author analyzes the essential features, socialand pedagogical challenges in rural schools, sensible changes characteristic of the modern village.Special attention is paid to the rural mountain school as a center of educational and socialactivities, its peculiarities and factors causing them, including the effect of mountain environment,climatic conditions, administration method, traditions, etc. It’s pointed out that teachers are alsoexposed to the effect of mountain environment. They work under tough weather conditions, oftenin a closed team, in the atmosphere of professional, social, economic and political informationscarcity, which leads to a rapid “aging”, gradual professional, social decline and social competencedevelopment recession. The author proves the need to consider the environmental impact in thedesign of modern school, the need for innovative processes while maintaining the national spiritand the environment; the development of social competence of elementary school teacher inconstantly changing social rural mountain environment is in the focus of attention.
Theoretical Training of Modern School Teacher in Poland and Ukraine
Authors: Kuchai Oleksandr
Published: April 2015

The article presents the humanization and democratization of the educational process ofvocational and educational training teachers Ukraine, implementation of new educationaltechnologies, finding the most optimal conceptual approaches to the development of nationalpedagogy cause growth of scientific and practical interest to study the experience of secondary andhigher education, including the Republic of Poland. European requirements for teacher training,the quality of their professional qualifications and competencies, professional development ofteachers - is the most pressing issue of training teachers in Europe. Polish scientists activelyworking on finding optimal ways of improving training of primary school teachers in highereducation. The most important industrial and educational and developmental functions performedby primary school teacher in the Ukraine, is a professional and personal self-help that improve theprofessional competence and pedagogical skills through personal and professional selfdevelopment, creating conditions for self-development and self-disclosure by the child selfdevelopment technologies and techniques.
The Trickster in Appalachian and Hutsulian Tales
Authors: Derkachova Olga , Ushnevych Solomia
Published: April 2015

The fairytales of Hutsuls and Appalachians are analyzed in the article. Mountainousdwellers have an indissoluble connection with the nature and metaphysics of mountains that iswhy there are so many sacred objects and special places there. Megaliths and sanctuaries, lifegiving places, miraculous springs, natural metaphysics of the mountains and tales which aregrasped like true stories about creation and objective reality of the world, - all these attract not onlytourists but also scientists and researchers to the mountainous region. The tale is one of thepermanent attributes of people`s life. It gives the opportunity to make the process of emotional andmoral development more controlled and determined. The common feature of the tale is identified:it is the presence of a hero-trickster - Jack (the Appalachians) and Ivan (the Carpathians). In tales,most of the fictional characters can be described by the term “duality”. It is a certain state ofconsciousness when the hero-character reproduces his double that lives an imaginary life andperforms an intended role. It is a hero who is often hidden behind the mask of a jester and a foolishman. He does not live according to the rules. He breaks both laws and rules, but achieves positiveresults. The common and different features of the Trickster in the fairytales of Indians and Hutsulsare defined.
Interaction between the Traditional and Innovative Approaches in Training Pharmacists for their Professional Work in the Carpathian Region
Authors: Drachuk Mariana
Published: April 2015

This paper presented the modern automated diagnostic systems and pharmacologicalrehabilitation technologies. There is a lack in the raw material base of many medicinal plants dueto the bad environmental situation. Today natural resources were so depleted that Arnica waslisted in the Red Book of Ukraine. Nowadays the training of specialists in the field ofpharmacology requires not only new approaches associated with the development of medicalscience and computer technology. We have national traditions for the use of plant resources,particularly in the Carpathian region. Much of the research in the field of pharmacology requiresnew approaches in the analysis of clinical trails of new medical products. Pharmaceutical practiceis focused on the types of professional activities. The ethical aspects related to medicines areequally significant. In the professional work of pharmacists information technologies are used onsuch stages as the creation of a medicinal product. The research of resources is conducted all overthe world and is used to record all types of natural resources, but this term is most commonly usedto define plant resources. The pharmacist should be able to adjust the recipes prescribed by doctorsand know the rules of drug intake and provision. Regarding plant medicines, the Carpathianregion has a rich heritage of traditional use of medical plants. Nowadays modern conditionsrequire the active use of new technologies in pharmacist’s professional activity. Particularly acuteis the problem of compatibility of medicinal substances and their interaction in the pharmaceuticalphase as well as in the process of distribution and absorption. The Carpathian region which isextremely rich in medical plants should be constantly studied and integrated with the modernknowledge and cap
The Organizational Peculiarities of Musical Performance of Primary School Pupils in the Carpathian Region
Authors: Ivasyshyn Iryna
Published: April 2015

The Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains are a unique European region. In the Carpathiansthere are more than half of the species of the flora and fauna of Ukraine. Rapid rivers, shoelessmeadows, silvery waterfalls, and the incredible beauty of the landscape – all this creates anextraordinary rise in the human soul who has ever travelled to the Carpathians. Among naturallandscapes only mountain ones have an amazing ability to cause human palette of the highest anddeepest feelings. The article is devoted to the solution of the problem of relationship of a humanbeing and nature and the aesthetic influence of the landscape of the Carpathian Mountains onmusical performance. The article also highlights the role of providing the aesthetic values of thelandscape of the Carpathian Mountains in the practice of school work with primary school pupils.The author pays attention to the influence of the landscape on the art of Hutsulschyna. The uniqueenvironment and culture of Hutsulschynaare worth of preserving them for the next generations.Therefore the problem of saving and use of the landscape potential of the Carpathians is one of themost important issues for Ukraine in the field of cultural development.
English Folk Ballads Collected By Cecil James Sharp in The Southern Appalachians: Genesis, Transformation and Ukrainian Parallels
Authors: Karbashevska Oksana
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this research, presented at the Conference sectional meeting, is to tracepeculiarities of transformation of British folk medieval ballads, which were brought to theSouthern Appalachians in the east of the USA by British immigrants at the end of the XVIIIth –beginning of the XIXth century and retained by their descendants, through analyzing certain textson the levels of motifs, dramatis personae, composition, style and artistic means, as well as tooutline relevant Ukrainian parallels. The analysis of such ballads, plot types and epic songs wascarried out: 1) British № 10: “The Twa Sisters” (21 variants); American “The Two Sisters”(5variants) and Ukrainian plot type I – C-5: “the elder sister drowns the younger one because of envyand jealousy” (8 variants); 2) British № 26: The Three Ravens” (2), “The Twa Corbies” (2);American “The Three Ravens” (1), “The Two Crows”(1) and Ukrainian epic songs with the motif oflonely death of a Cossack warrior on the steppe (4). In our study British traditional ballads areclassified according to the grouping worked out by the American scholar Francis Child(305 numbers), Ukrainian folk ballads – the plot-thematic catalogue developed by the Ukrainianfolklorist Оleksiy Dey (here 288 plots are divided into 3 spheres, cycles and plot types). Theinvestigation and comparison of the above indicated texts witness such main tendencies: 1) theAmerican counterparts, collected in the Appalachian Mountains, preserve the historic-nationalmemory and cultural heritage of the British immigrant bearers on the level of leading motifs,dramatis personae, composition peculiarities, traditional medieval images, epithets, similes,commonplaces; 2) some motifs, characters, images, artistic means, archaic and dialectal English ofthe Child ballads are reduced or substituted in the Appalachian texts; 3) realism of Americanballad transformations, which overshadows fantasy and aristocracy of their British prototypes, issimilar to the manner of poetic presentation of the typologically-arisen and described events by theUkrainian folk ballads and dumas .
Allelic Imbalance Is a Prevalent and Tissue-Specific Feature of the Mouse Transcriptome
Authors: Pinter Stefan F , Colognori David , Beliveau Brian J , Sadreyev Ruslan I , Payer Bernhard , Yildirim Eda , Wu Chao-ting , Lee Jeannie T
Published: April 2015

In mammals, several classes of monoallelic genes have been identified, including those subject to X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), genomic imprinting, and random monoallelic expression (RMAE). However, the extent to which these epigenetic phenomena are influenced by underlying genetic variation is unknown. Here we perform a systematic classification of allelic imbalance in mouse hybrids derived from reciprocal crosses of divergent strains. We observe that deviation from balanced biallelic expression is common, occurring in ∼20% of the mouse transcriptome in a given tissue. Allelic imbalance attributed to genotypic variation is by far the most prevalent class and typically is tissue-specific. However, some genotype-based imbalance is maintained across tissues and is associated with greater genetic variation, especially in 5′ and 3′ termini of transcripts. We further identify novel random monoallelic and imprinted genes and find that genotype can modify penetrance of parental origin even in the setting of large imprinted regions. Examination of nascent transcripts in single cells from inbred parental strains reveals that genes showing genotype-based imbalance in hybrids can also exhibit monoallelic expression in isogenic backgrounds. This surprising observation may suggest a competition between alleles and/or reflect the combined impact of cis- and trans-acting variation on expression of a given gene. Our findings provide novel insights into gene regulation and may be relevant to human genetic variation and disease.
PROFIL PROFESIONALISME GURU MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH UNGGULAN DI JAKARTA SELATAN
Authors: Asy'ari Hasyim , Latip Asep Ediana
Published: April 2015

Abstract : This study aims at formulating a model of the profile of teachers professionalism of excellent Islamic Primary School (IPS). The source of data of this research is obtained from six excelence IPS in South Jakarta that achieve score of accreditation A.This research is a non experimental research that uses survey method. The population of this research is all teachers in 15 Excelence IPS with the sample as much as 40% of the teachers. as many as 100 teachers. As for the sampling technique used in this research is simple random sampling with descriptive statistics. The result of this research shows that firstly the profile of professionalism of the teachers of excellent IPS in South Jakarta is indicated by adequate teachers competency in personality, pedagogy, professionalism, and social aspect. Secondly, at the dimension of learning community teachers have not fully showed self development as a part of learning community. Thirdly, at the financial dimension it is know that the teachers of especially State Islamic Primary Schools are willing to accept all the policy of reward system set by the goverment and their schools headmasters. Fourtly, the linearity of educational background with the teaching profession. Fifthly, there is no difference in average scores the characteristics of profile of teachers professionalism between Private Islamic Primary Schools and the State ones. DOI: 10.15408/tjems.v1i1.1110
Synthesis of Nanocarbons Using a Large Volume AC Plasma Reactor
Authors: Hamady M. , Sheppard D. , Seddighi K. , Sarawagi A. , Scott B. , Wilcox K. , Gerber A. , Chibante L.P.F.
Published: April 2015

There is an opportunity for scaling up, optimizing, and controlling the process of production of nanoparticles due to their numerous diverse applications. We present a system for continuous, high rate production of nanoparticles, particularly those of carbon, using large volume thermal plasma based on a three-phase diverging electrode configuration. The goal of using this 3-phase plasma reactor is to have a plasma arc that is scalable, self-stabilizing, and low maintenance, with sufficient plasma volume to maximize residence time of feed materials for evaporation to atomic species. Plasma carrier gas, typically inert gas such as helium, is injected into the reactor allowing the vaporization of any feedstock due to plasma temperatures >5000 °C. Controlling plasma enthalpy, diffusion/temperature gradients and carbon feed rates allow the controlled growth of clusters leading to nanoparticles less than 100 nm. Once the desired size is achieved the gas stream is expanded to reduce the reaction rate and quenched by natural cooling to chamber walls or injection of a cooling gas stream, preferably of the same composition as plasma carrier gas. Recoverable yields in the nanoparticle-laden gas stream are then isolated by standard means (filtration, cyclone separation, electrostatic precipitation), and the plasma gas and unreacted feedstock are routed to the plasma reactor for recycling. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to measure and predict fluid flow, energy/temperature, and other species distributions in the plasma process.
Analysis of land configuration of arable lands case study of Mściwojów
Authors: Gniadek Jacek , Harasimowicz Stanisław , Janus Jarosław , Pijanowski Jacek M.
Published: April 2015

The article contains the results of research on arable land configuration in Mściwojów. To
determine the basic qualities of land configuration the following software was employed:
MKTopo GUTR, Plikpol, Pole. The basic surface elements assumed for research were plots,
defined as continuous parts of cadastral plots utilized only in one way. The analysis covered
spatial parameters of the plots, estimated land configuration related cultivation costs, location
of the land in the village and farm and basic features of the farm. The obtained results allowed
to define the degree of influence of land configuration on the costs connected with cultivation
and to determine if correction of land layout is necessary.
The application of ground-based and aerial photos in surveying and visualizing architectural objects in Mściwojów
Authors: Kwoczyńska Bogusława
Published: April 2015

The article presents the possibility of using pictures taken with aerial and ground-based metric measuring cameras in surveying and visualizing architectural objects. The areas of interest include historic and damaged buildings belonging to the farm complex in Mściwojów,
in Lower Silesia. To prepare vector architectural drawings, digital photogrammetric station
Delta, as well as a digital autograph VSD were used. The digital terrain model was generated
on the basis of aerial photographs, and the visualization of the whole village with the body of
water in Mściwojów was developed using MicroStation software.
Application of surfer software in densification of Digital Terrain Model (DTM) grid with the use of scattered points
Authors: Litwin Urszula , Pijanowski Jacek M. , Szeptalin Agnieszka , Zygmunt Mariusz
Published: April 2015

This article explores the problem related to preparing the digital data used for 3D visualizations on big areas. Because of the frequent problem of having only a small amount of such
data the authors introduce a technology allowing densification of the data that make up the
Digital Terrain Model. This is where SURFER software finds its application. These methods
are sufficient to generate images for landscape visualization.
Landscape dialogues — discussing landscape issues with local people
Authors: Löschner Lukas , Neugebauer Georg , Stöglehner Gernot
Published: April 2015

Human impacts on landscapes pose serious threats to Central European landscapes (e.g. urban sprawl, land consumption and loss of landscape diversity and biodiversity) and consequently, influence quality of life as landscapes are a key factor in individual and social wellbeing and affect everybody. Therefore, public participation is an issue of great significance
when elaborating visions and action plans for sustainable landscape development. In order to
implement participatory discussion of landscape issues, “landscape dialogues” in the Austrian
LEADER region Mühlviertler Kernland were organised in the framework of the Vital
Landscapes project. The introduced method proved to be an adequate instrument to create awareness and to give local people a forum to elaborate on visions and concrete actions for
sustainable landscape development. In the course of the “landscape dialogues”, complex issues
of landscape development, e.g. the renewal of village cores, the cultivation of low-productive
grasslands, the management of small-structured landscape elements as well as the increase of
renewable energy use were addressed and gave impulses in some involved municipalities to
continue the discussion in communicative and participatory planning processes within the
Local Agenda 21 framework.
Geodetic and photogrammetric measurements in the area of historic grange in Mściwojów
Authors: Piech Izabela
Published: April 2015

Digital photogrammetry is a field of photogrammetry in which aerial and ground photo�graphs, obtained either directly from digital cameras or from scans of photogrammetric pho�tographs. These photographs are processed by special software. Digital photogrammetry is
an important step in the development of this field, because of the application of computers.
Photogrammetric methods make working with an object more comfortable, as no direct con�tact with the object is required. Methods and solutions employed by todays photogrammetry
have become very useful in many engineering and industrial aspects (measurements of de�formations, surveying measurements).
Evaluation of soil water erosion risk in the Mściwojów water reservoir drainage basin on the basis of numeric modeling
Authors: Pijanowski Jacek , Radecki-Pawlik Artur , Wałęga Andrzej , Wojkowski Jakub
Published: April 2015

The paper presents the evaluation of soil water erosion risk of the Mściwojów water reservoir
drainage basin. In the present study, modelling with the use of GIS (Geographical Information
Systems) and RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) erosion models were exploited.
Values of topographic factor (LS) were calculated after formulas proposed by Moore et al.
[1991] as well as Desmet and Govers [1996].
The results of erosion prognosis by means of RUSLE method after Moore’s formula are by
40% higher than values evaluated after Desmet and Gover’s formula. Eroded soil mean mass
from area unit during the year is estimated at the level of 10.35–14.53 Mg ∙ ha–1 ∙ year–1, depending on computable formula used. Results of this research enabled to divide the drainage
basin area into soil water erosion intensity zones based on predicted soil loss values according
to Marks et al. [1989]. The study shows that water erosion risk of soil in the Mściwojów water
reservoir drainage basin is very high. Almost one third of its area is located in the high and
very high class of erosion risk.
Impact of disparities in settlement and population development on cultural landscape
Authors: Podolák Peter
Published: April 2015

The paper is focused on the selected problems of the cultural landscape in the attractive hinterland of Bratislava, in the region under the slopes of the Little Carpathian Mountains. The
principal turn in the migration balance of the largest cities is one of the most typical traits of
the change that has manifested in the spatial movement of population after 1990. Bratislava,
with the concentration of almost all basic human activities in the area, has become much
lower in density due to intensive migration. This change is due to suburbanisation and deconcentration of the regional population. The building of large concentrations of new residential
areas in the hinterland, is in many cases, in contradiction with values of traditional cultural
landscape. The quoted example would be adjust to historical vineyards.
Water supply network expansion in the commune of Mściwojów as relates to the pilot project VITAL LANDSCAPES
Authors: Bergel Tomasz , Bugajski Piotr , Pawełek Jan
Published: April 2015

This article presents the analysis of the water supply system expandability in the commune
of Mściwojów. Such necessity of the expansion resulted from the locations of the new investments covered by the pilot program VITAL LANDSCAPES. Hydraulic calculations, covering
two possible solutions, have proven that the existing water supply network is sufficient now
and will be sufficient in the near future (after expansion), in supplying all the consumers with
water.
Optimization of the parcel layout in relation to their average distance from farming settlements in the example of Mściwojów village, Poland
Authors: Gniadek Jacek , Harasimowicz Stanisław , Janus Jarosław , Pijanowski Jacek M.
Published: April 2015

In this study, an optimization process of the spatial layout of a village from the viewpoint of
minimization of distances between parcels and farming settlements is presented. It is illustrated by the data coming from the village Mściwojów, which is situated in the south-western
Poland. The proposed calculation process uses linear programming methods, and the input
data are the result of the processing of the ground and building registration data bases. The
results indicate a wide range of application possibilities of the optimization process of the
parcel layouts, at different stages of operations connected with the restructuring of spatial
distributions of rural areas. In particular, it refers to the realization of conceptions of the land
consolidation results which are viable in a given area.
Application of the photogrammetric method in surveying of the palace and park complex building in Mściwojów, Poland
Authors: Litwin Urszula , Piech Izabela
Published: April 2015

Nowadays, the photogrammetric methods have become the most popular way of surveying and documenting historic objects. These tasks are very difficult, complex, laborious, and
multi-detailed. Often they require hours of work and are sometimes barely visible for the
average recipients. Precision, complexity and completeness are the main qualities of such
elaborate works.
Ground photogrammetry is based on performing many kinds of tasks and measurements
executed on digital photogrammetric photographs. The most important kinds of such elaborations are the digital elaborations of the facades of buildings, allowing the photographs to
be processed into a cartometric form. The elaborations have many applications. They can be
used, among others things in planning, architecture, various project works, architectural object surveying and building and façade measurements.
Perceiving rural landscapes in film and photography — experiences from a participative planning approach in the upper Austrian leader region Mühlviertler Kernland
Authors: Löschner Lukas , Neugebauer Georg , Stöglehner Gernot
Published: April 2015

In addition to the natural-physical aspects of landscape, the public perception of landscapes
is of central importance for a comprehensive understanding of landscape. This paper reflects
different landscape perceptions on the basis of a photo competition and school workshops.
These were conducted in the VITAL LANDSCAPES project as part of a regional participation
process in the Upper Austrian LEADER region Mühlviertler Kernland. The authors analysed
the photos submitted in the regional photo competition as well as the short films produced
by secondary and vocational school students with regard to how the participants perceive the
landscapes they inhabit. This paper argues that human-nature relations form an intrinsic part
of the regional landscape perception and that depictions of local/regional landscape particularities contribute to forming personal and collective identities.
Use of photogrammetric data with tools for advanced visualization of the Nostitz grange in Mściwojów
Authors: Mitka Bartosz , Szelest Paweł
Published: April 2015

The article describes the results of research into the possibility of the integration of spatial
data available in the centers of geodetic and cartographic documentation for the modeling
and visualization of rural areas, as well as the procedure to be followed from the analysis
of spatial data available through their acquisition, verification and processing procedure for
modeling and visualization. In article, the authors also describe issues of optimization data
for all process.
The historical analysis of the spatial land layout of Mściwojów village in the Mściwojów municipality
Authors: Noga Karol , Taszakowski Jarosław
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the analysis of cartographic materials formed on the basis of the former
Prussia cadastre, modern cadastral maps and digital orthophotomaps. The maps from the
various periods of time allow for the land layout analysis and changes in land use from the
first colonists settlement to the present. Studies have shown that during the last 70 years in
the (analyzed) village in this study, more than half of the arable land was transformed to the
grassland. In the analyzed period of time the number of plots increased by 112%, and their
average size has been reduced by more than a half.
Mechanical properties of two expansive clay soils from Sudan
Authors: Al Haj K.M.A. , Standing J.R.
Published: April 2015

The mechanical responses of two highly expansive plastic alluvial soils from Sudan are reported. When wetted from their in-situ state, such soils frequently lead to damage of civil engineering structures. Disturbed samples of a black cotton clay and a more plastic red clay were collected from two locations in the vicinity of Khartoum. Intrinsic properties were established from reconstituted samples using oedometer and triaxial apparatus. Natural undisturbed block samples of the black cotton clay were obtained and tested in an unsaturated state, as found in situ. Basic characteristics of both soils are presented. Detailed information on the intrinsic properties of both clay soils was established and found to conform with Burland's earlier published framework. Shear planes formed during shearing in almost all triaxial samples and strengths reduced to post-rupture values. K0-consolidated reconstituted samples exhibited a more brittle response to undrained shearing compared with isotropically consolidated samples. Peak failure conditions can be represented by linear failure envelopes for both soils, regardless of consolidation path, although those from shearing in extension do not pass through the origin: reasons for this are discussed. Oedometer tests on the intact black clay soil indicate a high potential for swelling on wetting (volumetric strains of almost 50%), decreasing with increasing stress level (swelling pressure of about 1 MPa). Unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests on the intact unsaturated samples show increasing strength and decreasing brittleness with increasing confining pressure.
Laboratory, in situ and full-scale load tests to assess flood embankment stability on peat
Authors: Zwanenburg C. , Jardine R.J.
Published: April 2015

The low submerged unit weights of peats usually lead to low effective self-weight stresses, stiffnesses and undrained shear strengths. These features, in combination with high compressibility, a propensity to creep and the uncertain effects of fibrous inclusions, make foundation stability hard to assess reliably. It is usual to apply high safety, or strong material reduction, factors in foundation design. However, over-conservatism can lead to undesirable environmental and financial costs. This paper describes full-scale field tests conducted on peat, with and without pre-loading, at Uitdam on the borders of Lake Markermeer, north of Amsterdam. The experiments investigated the peat layers' consolidation behaviour and their response under loading, including full shear failure. Noting the complex final test geometries and the large displacements developed, simple numerical analyses were undertaken to help interpret the failures within a Tresca and ‘consolidated undrained shear strength' framework. The trials that included modest pre-loading developed large vertical consolidation strains (up to 35%) and significant bearing capacity improvements. The field experiments provide a rich resource for testing advanced numerical techniques. They also allowed a range of practical characterisation techniques to be assessed and calibrated for flood dyke applications.
Feasibility of utilising quarry fines and waste silts to manufacture synthetic lightweight sand
Authors: Jones M R , Halliday J E , Csetenyi L J , Zheng L , Strompinis N
Published: April 2015

Silt materials arising from the crushing of primary aggregates, wash plants, demolition and excavation materials and industrial wastes such as glass cullet are often landfilled, as they are generally not suitable for fill purposes and find limited opportunities for recycling within construction products. With over 20 Mt of silt produced from quarrying alone, and given its detrimental performance when added to mortar or concrete due to increasing water demand and higher shrinkage strains, there is a responsibility to find productive uses for such materials, as long-term landfilling is both environmentally unsound and uneconomic. As a response, this paper reports initial work into the technical feasibility of a novel technology to convert a range of silts into manufactured sand by up-sizing the material by initially incorporating and then crushing foamed concrete into sand-sized particles. The resulting ‘silt sand' was then exposed to carbon dioxide to enhance its strength. The resulting material was sieved and recombined into a specific particle size distribution and assessed for performance. The silt sand had a low density, and is characterised as a lightweight material. Data are presented for the use of the sand at 20% and 50% direct volume replacement for dense sand using standard mortar strength tests, and it is shown that the impact of this is less than might be expected for a lightweight aggregate.