bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Imaged cIEF Method for Monitoring the Charge Heterogeneity of Antibody-Maytansine Conjugate
Authors: Abbood Ayat
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to develop a whole-column imaging-detection capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) method for the analytical characterization of charge heterogeneity of a novel humanized anti-EphA2 antibody conjugated to a maytansine derivative. In addition to focusing time, sample composition was optimized: pH range, percent of carrier ampholytes, conjugated antibody concentration, and urea concentration. A good separation of charge isoforms was obtained with 4% carrier ampholytes of a large (3–10) and narrow pH range (8–10.5) (1 : 1 ratio), conjugated antibody concentration (0.3–1 mg/ml) with a good linearity (R2: 0.9905), 2 M of urea concentration, and 12 minute for focusing. The optimized icIEF method demonstrated a good interday repeatability with RSD values: <1% (pI), <8% (% peak area), and 7% (total peak areas). The optimized icIEF was useful as an analytical characterization tool to assess the charged isoform profile of a discovery batch of the studied maytansinoid-antibody conjugate in comparison to its naked antibody. It exhibited a large pI range (7.5–9.0), while its naked antibody showed a narrow pI range (8.9–9.0). In the discovery batch of maytansinoid-antibody conjugate, 2% of charge isoforms had the same pI as the pI of naked antibody isoforms.
Female Sex Is Not an Independent Risk Factor for Poor Prognosis of Patients with Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Zhou Chenyu , Wu Jinlin , Xie Enzehua , Dai Lu , Song Jian , Zhao Rui , Gao Shiqi , Qiu Juntao , Yu Cuntao
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim of the Study. The effects of sex on the prognosis of patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) have still remained controversial. This study aimed to explore the sex differences in outcomes of ATAAD patients undergoing surgery. Methods. Data of patients with ATAAD who were operated in our center from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively collected. Data on pre-, intra-, and postoperative courses were analyzed. Propensity score weighting was performed to balance the baseline characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess predictors of early mortality in overall female and male patients. Results. A total of 1448 patients were enrolled, including 352 (24.3%) female patients and 1096 (75.7%) male patients. Females were significantly older than males (56.0 vs. 47.8 years,

P
<
0.001

). Dissection was less extensive (Fuwai Ct: 85.8% vs. 91.3%,

P
=
0.003

) and malperfusion syndrome was less frequently diagnosed (Penn Ab: 19.3% vs. 29.7%,

P
<
0.001

) in females. Males experienced more aortic root replacement (Bentall: 14.2% vs. 24.9%,

P
<
0.001

) and total arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk (56.8% vs. 75.8%,

P
<
0.001

) with the prolonged operation time (6.1 vs. 6.4 hours,

P
=
0.001

). In contrast, early mortality was higher in females (9.4% vs. 6.1%,

P
=
0.036

). No differences were found in long-term survival and reoperation rates. After propensity score weighting, sex suggested no influence on both early and long-term outcomes. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was an independent risk factor for early mortality in both overall and sex-related populations according to the multivariable logistic regression. Conclusions. In ATAAD, different presentations and surgical strategies were noted in male and female patients. However, there were no significant differences in early and long-term outcomes between sexes after propensity score weighting.
Abstract A075: Characterizing novel aggressive prostate cancer subtypes associated with loss of chromosomes 8p and 16q
Authors: Yette Gabriel A. , Costello James C. , Cramer Scott D.
Published: June 2023

Roughly 15% of the 268,490 men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) will die from the disease. Pinpointing the drivers of aggressive PCa is the first step to improve patient outcomes. Correlative analyses have linked genetic aberrations, including copy number alterations due to loss of large genomic regions, to poor prostate cancer prognosis. Many groups have connected the loss of chromosome 8p and 16q to aggressive PCa, yet the genes on these regions responsible for aggressive phenotypes are unknown. Mining TCGA data, we identified minimum consensus deletions and associated gene expression with disease recurrence to nominate 48 genes on 8p and 58 genes on 16q for further study. We designed a pooled double knockout library to test all pairwise gene combinations of the nominated 8p-16q genes. Gene pairs will be targeted by 16 paired crRNA cassettes consisting of four crRNAs per gene and paired in all combinations. This library will be combined with stably expressing Cas12a prostate epithelial cell lines to screen for gene combinations that drive excessive cell proliferation. This will help pinpoint specific PCa tumor suppressors in combined 8p and 16q loss.

Citation Format: Gabriel A. Yette, James C. Costello, Scott D. Cramer. Characterizing novel aggressive prostate cancer subtypes associated with loss of chromosomes 8p and 16q [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A075.
Abstract A080: Male-biased metabolic and structural muscular changes driven by testosterone flare-like conditions
Authors: Fenimore John M. , Springer Danielle , Edmonston Elijah , Nagashima Kunio , Sowalsky Adam , Young Howard
Published: June 2023

Background: During the first 1 to 3 weeks of LHRH-agonist therapy for recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer, an initial increase in testosterone is associated with a condition known as "flare." Flare often is accompanied by fatigue, increases in immune infiltrate in prostate cancer and cardiovascular distress. Cardiovascular myopathies and fatigue have been associated with chronic inflammatory responses and activated cell-mediated immunity. Methods and Results: Using a model of autoimmune mice with persistent low-level expression of proinflammatory interferon gamma (IFN-g), we found fatigue and aberrant cardiovascular activity in the form of reduced ejection fraction responding to exercise in male but not female mice. This finding suggests that male hormone has a potential role for impacting cardiovascular fatigue with a more activated immune environment. Furthermore, analysis of cardiovascular tissues revealed an increase in factors associated with fatigue, such as lactic acid production and changes in expression of genes associated with an increase in anaerobic respiration and poor mitochondrial performance in cardiac musculature. Conclusion: These results indicate that the chronic expression of IFN-g may be synergetic with androgen to produce a male-biased fatigue and muscle dysfunction. Considering that the most frequent side effects to activated immune therapies to cancer in males undergoing CAR-T therapies are fatigue and cardiomyopathies we believe this insight may be beneficial to patients of other therapies as well. Understanding the biological effects of therapy driven flare may offer opportunities for physiological interventions in patients undergoing persistent or intermittent LHRHa therapy.

Citation Format: John M. Fenimore, Danielle Springer, Elijah Edmonston, Kunio Nagashima, Adam Sowalsky, Howard Young. Male-biased metabolic and structural muscular changes driven by testosterone flare-like conditions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A080.
Abstract B056: Homoharringtonine, a translational inhibitor, induces dramatic apoptosis in prostate cancer xenografts
Authors: Ohtsu Akira , Arai Seiji , Sawada Tatsuhiro , Kato Mai , Maeno Yuta , Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Sekine Yoshitaka , Suzuki Kazuhiro
Published: June 2023

Introduction: We have previously shown that prostate cancer is primed to undergo apoptosis with BH3 mimetics targeting anti-apoptotic proteins, including BCL2, BCLXL, and MCL1 (Arai S, Balk SP et al. Clin Cancer Res 2018). We have also revealed that receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors induced MCL1 degradation through integrated stress response and mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 (Arai S, Balk SP et al. eLife 2020). Thus, we hypothesized that drugs targeting mitochondria might decrease MCL1 and induce apoptosis in prostate cancer. Methods: In this study, we have conducted a small-scale screening of a commercially available drug library (84 compounds) that is supposed to target mitochondria in prostate cancer cells. We have selected the top 5 drugs that could decrease prostate cancer cell growth at 1 μM levels. Results: Homoharringtonine, an FDA-approved translational inhibitor for chronic myelogenous leukemia, decreased cell growth within nM levels in multiple prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. Mechanistically, homoharringtonine rapidly reduced several proteins (MCL1, AR, AR-V7, and c-MYC) through translational inhibition and significantly induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro. Importantly, homoharringtonine dose-dependently led to the regression of prostate cancer xenografts in vivo. Conclusions: Homoharringtonine might be a good candidate drug to treat prostate cancer.

Citation Format: Akira Ohtsu, Seiji Arai, Tatsuhiro Sawada, Mai Kato, Yuta Maeno, Yoshiyuki Miyazawa, Yoshitaka Sekine, Kazuhiro Suzuki. Homoharringtonine, a translational inhibitor, induces dramatic apoptosis in prostate cancer xenografts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B056.
Abstract B068: Treatment combinations targeting MCL-1 and BCL-xL exert synergistic anti-tumor effects in AR-V7 expressing CRPC cell lines
Authors: Napoli Giulia C. , Leon Andres F. , Beatson Erica L. , Schmidt Keith T. , Risdon Emily N. , Chau Cindy H. , Price Douglas K. , Figg William D.
Published: June 2023

Therapeutic agents that overcome acquired resistance to current androgen receptor (AR) pathway targeted therapies in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain an unmet clinical need. A multitude of pathways are implicated in acquired treatment resistance, including the PI3K/mTOR/AKT, WNT/β-catenin, and DNA damage repair pathways. Notably, the androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) activates the AR pathway in the absence of androgens, playing a crucial role in CRPC progression. An unbiased high throughput drug screen evaluating an array of inhibitors targeting diverse signaling pathways revealed highly synergistic activity of BH3 mimetics in AR-V7 expressing CRPC cell lines (e.g. LNCaP95, 22Rv1, VCaP-CR). Combinations targeting MCL-1 and BCL-xL (S63845 with A-1331852 or Navitoclax) displayed increased antitumor activity compared to those targeting MCL-1 and BCL-2 (S63845 with Venetoclax). Synergy among BCL-xL and MCL-1 targeted combinations was demonstrated using 2D and 3D CellTiter-Glo viability assays. Combination treatments in 3D spheroid cultures of 22RV1 and LNCaP95 cells confirmed the synergy observed in 2D assays. Furthermore, combined BCL-xL and MCL-1 inhibition altered AR-V7 expression and activated c-PARP cleavage. Drug combinations synergistically targeting BCL-xL and MCL-1 should be further explored for the treatment of therapy-resistant CRPC.

Citation Format: Giulia C. Napoli, Andres F. Leon, Erica L. Beatson, Keith T. Schmidt, Emily N. Risdon, Cindy H. Chau, Douglas K. Price, William D. Figg. Treatment combinations targeting MCL-1 and BCL-xL exert synergistic anti-tumor effects in AR-V7 expressing CRPC cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B068.
Abstract IA017: Anticipating, tracking, and targeting new prostate cancer lineages driven by treatment pressures
Authors: Nelson Peter S.
Published: June 2023

Prostate cancer is notable for the near universal dependence on signaling pathways regulated by the androgen receptor (AR). For decades, this feature has served as the major focal point for prostate cancer treatment. However, in the setting of advanced metastatic disease, AR pathway repression is not curative and treatment resistance occurs universally. Emerging mechanisms of resistance to AR-directed therapy involve changes in tumor cell phenotypes where AR-regulated differentiation programs are repressed and new lineage programs are activated. This presentation will discuss the lineage types that have been recognized in model systems and in clinical tumors, describe approaches to monitor patients for the development/emergence of new therapy-induced lineages, and discuss treatment strategies that target new characteristics and vulnerabilities that accompany these new lineages.

Citation Format: Peter S. Nelson. Anticipating, tracking, and targeting new prostate cancer lineages driven by treatment pressures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA017.
Table S3 from SHP2 Inhibition Sensitizes Diverse Oncogene-Addicted Solid Tumors to Re-treatment with Targeted Therapy
Authors: Drilon Alexander , Sharma Manish R. , Johnson Melissa L. , Yap Timothy A. , Gadgeel Shirish , Nepert Dale , Feng Gang , Reddy Micaela B. , Harney Allison S. , Elsayed Mohamed , Cook Adam W. , Wong Christina E. , Hinklin Ronald J. , Jiang Yutong , Brown Eric N. , Neitzel Nickolas A. , Laird Ellen R. , Wu Wen-I , Singh Anurag , Wei Ping , Ching Keith A. , Gaudino John J. , Lee Patrice A. , Hartley Dylan P. , Rothenberg S. Michael
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 3: IC50 values for PF-07284892 in cell-based assays
Figure S5 from SHP2 Inhibition Sensitizes Diverse Oncogene-Addicted Solid Tumors to Re-treatment with Targeted Therapy
Authors: Drilon Alexander , Sharma Manish R. , Johnson Melissa L. , Yap Timothy A. , Gadgeel Shirish , Nepert Dale , Feng Gang , Reddy Micaela B. , Harney Allison S. , Elsayed Mohamed , Cook Adam W. , Wong Christina E. , Hinklin Ronald J. , Jiang Yutong , Brown Eric N. , Neitzel Nickolas A. , Laird Ellen R. , Wu Wen-I , Singh Anurag , Wei Ping , Ching Keith A. , Gaudino John J. , Lee Patrice A. , Hartley Dylan P. , Rothenberg S. Michael
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Figure 5: Study schema
Figure S4 from SHP2 Inhibition Sensitizes Diverse Oncogene-Addicted Solid Tumors to Re-treatment with Targeted Therapy
Authors: Drilon Alexander , Sharma Manish R. , Johnson Melissa L. , Yap Timothy A. , Gadgeel Shirish , Nepert Dale , Feng Gang , Reddy Micaela B. , Harney Allison S. , Elsayed Mohamed , Cook Adam W. , Wong Christina E. , Hinklin Ronald J. , Jiang Yutong , Brown Eric N. , Neitzel Nickolas A. , Laird Ellen R. , Wu Wen-I , Singh Anurag , Wei Ping , Ching Keith A. , Gaudino John J. , Lee Patrice A. , Hartley Dylan P. , Rothenberg S. Michael
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Figure 4: PF-07284892 combination efficacy in additional oncogenic driver-positive mouse cancer models and monotherapy PK/PD
Figure S3 from SHP2 Inhibition Sensitizes Diverse Oncogene-Addicted Solid Tumors to Re-treatment with Targeted Therapy
Authors: Drilon Alexander , Sharma Manish R. , Johnson Melissa L. , Yap Timothy A. , Gadgeel Shirish , Nepert Dale , Feng Gang , Reddy Micaela B. , Harney Allison S. , Elsayed Mohamed , Cook Adam W. , Wong Christina E. , Hinklin Ronald J. , Jiang Yutong , Brown Eric N. , Neitzel Nickolas A. , Laird Ellen R. , Wu Wen-I , Singh Anurag , Wei Ping , Ching Keith A. , Gaudino John J. , Lee Patrice A. , Hartley Dylan P. , Rothenberg S. Michael
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Figure 3: Preclinical development of PF-07284892
SHP2 Inhibition Sensitizes Diverse Oncogene-Addicted Solid Tumors to Re-treatment with Targeted Therapy
Authors: Drilon Alexander , Sharma Manish R. , Johnson Melissa L. , Yap Timothy A. , Gadgeel Shirish , Nepert Dale , Feng Gang , Reddy Micaela B. , Harney Allison S. , Elsayed Mohamed , Cook Adam W. , Wong Christina E. , Hinklin Ronald J. , Jiang Yutong , Brown Eric N. , Neitzel Nickolas A. , Laird Ellen R. , Wu Wen-I , Singh Anurag , Wei Ping , Ching Keith A. , Gaudino John J. , Lee Patrice A. , Hartley Dylan P. , Rothenberg S. Michael
Published: June 2023

Rationally targeted therapies have transformed cancer treatment, but many patients develop resistance through bypass signaling pathway activation. PF-07284892 (ARRY-558) is an allosteric SHP2 inhibitor designed to overcome bypass-signaling-mediated resistance when combined with inhibitors of various oncogenic drivers. Activity in this setting was confirmed in diverse tumor models. Patients with ALK fusion–positive lung cancer, BRAFV600E-mutant colorectal cancer, KRASG12D-mutant ovarian cancer, and ROS1 fusion–positive pancreatic cancer who previously developed targeted therapy resistance were treated with PF-07284892 on the first dose level of a first-in-human clinical trial. After progression on PF-07284892 monotherapy, a novel study design allowed the addition of oncogene-directed targeted therapy that had previously failed. Combination therapy led to rapid tumor and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) responses and extended the duration of overall clinical benefit.

Significance:

PF-07284892–targeted therapy combinations overcame bypass-signaling-mediated resistance in a clinical setting in which neither component was active on its own. This provides proof of concept of the utility of SHP2 inhibitors in overcoming resistance to diverse targeted therapies and provides a paradigm for accelerated testing of novel drug combinations early in clinical development.

See related commentary by Hernando-Calvo and Garralda, p. 1762.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1749
Uma nova tradução de Evguiêni Oniéguin
Authors: Silva Gabriella de Oliveira
Published: June 2023

Resenha do livro Evguiêni Oniéguin: Romance em versos, de Aleksandr Púchkin, traduzido por Rubens Figueiredo.
Recortes da vida em versos: “Villebois e outras coisas”, alguns versos de Evguéni V. Kharitónov
Authors: Oliveira Yuri Martins de
Published: June 2023

“Villebois e outras coisas” (1973) é uma série de cerca de 25 poemas, escritos entre 1970 e 1973 e reunidos por seu autor, Evguéni Kharitónov (1941-1981), sob um mesmo título. De inspiração autobiográfica, os versos falam de lembranças de infância, contam anedotas com amigos, tecem comentários e reflexões acerca da vida e das relações homoafetivas do eu-lírico. Para o presente artigo, foram escolhidos cinco poemas que tratam, justamente, da vida amorosa do eu-lírico, pois, através desses versos, temos acesso a um imaginário e uma poética profundamente apagados no regime soviético: a homossexualidade. Trata-se, até onde se pôde verificar, da primeira tradução desses versos de Kharitónov para o português do Brasil.
Religious Conversion, Proselytization, and the Marginalisation of Indigenous Religions in Ghana
Authors: Atiemo Abamfo Ofori , Tweneboah Seth
Published: June 2023

This paper probes the intricate connection of conversion, proselytization, and the state of Ghana to achieve three overarching goals. First, it unravels how colonialism, Christianity, and Islam have historically and collectively marginalised African indigenous religions. Second, it demonstrates a clever state maneuver to continue the historic joint colonial and missionary projection of Christianity and Islam at the expense of other traditions. Third, it interrogates how the state of Ghana is mindful of the political implications of frustrating the principle of separation. Against these positions, the paper argues that despite tacit attempts to privilege Christianity and Islam over indigenous religion, the state of Ghana maintains a moderate secularist stance that enhances free and equal participation of its religiously diverse populations in the public space.
Church as Family: Creating Healing and Transformative Spaces for Children at Risk through a Reimagining of Ecclesiology
Authors: Pfeiffer Cara L.
Published: June 2023

Children growing up in contexts of toxic stress face a cascade of deleterious realities that impact them at every level of their being. However, when children are securely attached to healthy adults in their lives, those supportive relationships can be both protective and transformative for those young people. Given the power of secure attachment and the New Testament’s frequent use of the metaphor of family to describe the church, this paper proposes that when ecclesial communities operate as real and healthy families in their contexts, those communities can thereby create missiologically significant spaces of healing and transformation for the children in their midst. In an effort to reimagine and reshape our ecclesial communities to function as such reciprocal and mutually supportive families, Child Theology and studies of early Christian community, catechesis, and worship are put into conversation with one another.
Power in Context: Healing Practices in Churches in Norway and Madagascar
Authors: Kleiven Tormod , Austnaberg Hans , Austad Anne , Nygaard Marianne Rodriguez
Published: June 2023

The aim of this article is to investigate the power dynamics at play in open and announced healing practices in Norway and Madagascar. The main research question is: What characterizes the power dynamics at play in healing practices in Norway and Madagascar? We analyzed empirical material by using a power theoretical approach to describe the exercise of power. Through a study in two different ecclesial and cultural contexts, we indicate the (il)legality of exercising “power over” in healing practices, how the “power from” concept can be misused to justify a “power over” attitude – but can also moderate the use of this attitude – and how crucial it is to practice a relational, mutual interdependency.
Configurations of Islam in Contemporary Art in Norway
Authors: Zorgati Ragnhild Johnsrud
Published: June 2023

In this article, I explore how Islam is configured in two creative universes that have recently affected the cultural and political scene in Norway. I compare the enactment in Oslo (2019) of Disgraced by the American playwright Ayad Akhtar to parts of the artistic project Heisann Montebello (2015–2017) by the Norwegian rap duo Karpe. In both fictional universes, references to Islam, Muslims, xenophobia, racism, terror, and politics of integration are paramount. It is therefore significant that major cultural institutions in Norway such as The National Theater, the music hall Oslo Spektrum, the National Library, and the Norwegian Broadcasting Network (NRK) stage these works. Overall, my main argument is that both productions speak to wider audiences in a multireligious and multiethnic setting, demonstrating that Muslims and different configurations of Islam have become an integrated part of Norwegian cultural life.
Russian Orthodox Imaginaries and Their Family Resemblance to Populism
Authors: Rousselet Kathy
Published: June 2023

This article sets out to demonstrate how some Russian Orthodox imaginaries bear a family resemblance to populism. These imaginaries have a distinctive ideological anchor. The influential religious figures who convey them lay claim to a legacy of political thought that can be traced back to a specific form of narodnichestvo, which is Slavophile and associated with aspirations for monarchy. This investigation of populism among Russian Orthodox Christians is structured in three parts. The article begins with a presentation of an ideological repertoire that emphasizes the centrality of the idea of “the people.” Drawing on interviews and material collected over several years in different regions of Russia, particularly Yekaterinburg, the article then looks at the rebellion of Christians who feel marginalized or consider that the Russian Orthodox Church does not have enough influence in Russia. Finally, it explores how “the people” has become central to religious practice itself.
Homeless Objects
Authors: Fréchette Guillaume
Published: June 2023

In this article, I shed some light on Meinong’s motivations for the theory of objects. I argue that one of its basic principles, the principle of indifference, is driven by an intuition common to many Austrian philosophers, which is that something must first be somehow pre-given in order to simply address the issue of its being or non-being. Meinong’s way of spelling out this intuition, I suggest, is to show that there are homeless objects, that is, objects that are not dealt with by any of the existing sciences. Therefore, the indispensability of the theory of objects lies in the plausibility of the thesis that there are such homeless objects. I analyse and evaluate two Meinongian arguments supporting this thesis, I explain how Meinong came to believe that they support the indispensability of the theory of objects, and I stress some advantages of this account over Brentano’s intentionality thesis.
‘What the Far East Means to America’: The Politics of Area Studies during the Interwar Years
Authors: Chen Constance
Published: June 2023

During the interwar years, Americans redefined the meaning of Asianness amid new geopolitical conditions and shifts in global axes of power, thereby relocating the role that Asia played in the U.S. grand strategy to recalibrate the nation-state’s position within the international community. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, a consortium of international non-governmental organizations such as the Institute of Pacific Relations and the American Council of Learned Societies collaborated with universities in the production of knowledge. Historians and international relations specialists have touted the creation of area studies at institutions of higher learning at the end of World War ii as one of the principal responses for stemming the proliferation of communism. Instead of focusing on the 1950s and 1960s as the formative era of the academic discipline as many scholars have done, this article illuminates the earlier interconnections between the nascent intellectual fascination with Asia and the reinscription of otherness. Ultimately, anxiety over growing Japanese aggression in the Pacific aided the development of U.S. hegemony as the academic system became part of an inter-imperialist amalgamation of a multitude of economic, intellectual, and political processes and mechanisms that worked together to engineer American influence within and over Asia.
Painting Restoration and the Eye of the Beholder: A Mobile Eye-Tracking Study at the Unterlinden Museum
Authors: Fontoura Pablo , Miscenà Anna , Menu Michel , Schaeffer Jean-Marie
Published: June 2023

Art historical literature has often discussed the impact of painting restorations on viewers. Although many theoretical hypotheses have been proposed regarding the effect of restoration on the beholder’s eye, little empirical research has addressed this topic. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating whether painting restoration has a meaningful influence on the visual perception of art viewers at the eye-movement level. Specifically, the study designed a mobile eye-tracking study in an ecologically valid setting — the art museum — to investigate the effects of restoration on ten panels from the Isenheim Altarpiece (1512–1516) by Matthias Grünewald, currently displayed at the Unterlinden Museum in France. In this study, 86 museum visitors looked at paintings while wearing eye-tracking glasses before (n = 43) and after (n = 43) restoration. The following measures were analyzed: (1) Total Viewing Time; (2) Duration of the First Fixation; (3) Relative Fixation Count; (4) Fixation Heat Maps; (5) Time to First Fixation in areas of interest (AOIs). The results suggested that Relative Fixation Count significantly increased after restoration. Conversely, the Total Viewing Time and Duration of the First Fixation did not seem to be significantly affected by restoration. The Heat Maps suggested a broader visual inspection of the images and a more explorative gaze pattern after restoration. Moreover, the Time to First Fixation in AOIs significantly decreased after restoration. These findings provide the first empirical evidence of the impact of restoration on the visual perception of genuine paintings as opposed to reproductions observed in a museum.
The Afrocentric-Youth Paradigm
Authors: Amenyedzi Seyram B.
Published: June 2023

The Afrocentric-Youth Paradigm proposes a research methodology or a model for doing African youth research. Afrocentrism highlights that African research is done by African people through the actual African lens and approached from African cultural perspectives. This means that the lived cultural experiences of the African people are imperative in producing a more reliable and credible research output. On the other hand, it is normal for young people in Africa to experience discrimination and exclusion from major decision making and activities due to age. Most African cultures value the aged above young people with the assumption that they are inexperienced and therefore do not have much to offer. It is in this light that I propose that African cultures need to be interrogated holistically and thoroughly when researching on young people. The Afrocentric-Youth Paradigm is a proposed research methodology that provides specific questions that need to be addressed in the culture while doing African youth research.
Analysis of Clinical Outcomes After Robotic Hepatectomy Applying the Western-Model Southampton Laparoscopic Difficulty Scoring System. An Experience From a Tertiary US Hepatobiliary Center
Authors: Sucandy Iswanto , Kang Richard D. , Adorno Jeilianis , Godwin Sarah , Crespo Kaitlyn , Syblis Cameron , Ross Sharona , Rosemurgy Alexander
Published: June 2023

Background

Identification of resections with high risk of intraoperative complications is critical in guiding case selection for minimally invasive liver surgery. Several Japanese and European difficulty scoring systems have been proposed for laparoscopic liver surgery. However, the applicability of these systems for robotic liver resections has not been fully investigated. This study considers the Southampton system and examines its validity when applied to robotic hepatectomies.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective review of 372 patients who underwent robotic hepatectomies for various indications between 2013 and 2022. Of these patients, 63 operations were classified as low risk, 91 as moderate risk, 198 as high risk and 20 as extremely high risk based on Southampton criteria. Patient outcomes were compared by utilizing an ANOVA of repeated measures. Data are presented as median (mean ± SD)

Results

The Southampton difficulty scoring system was a strong predictor of intraoperative variables including tumor size, operative duration, estimated blood loss (EBL), and incidence of major vs minor resection (all P < .0001). In contrast, the Southampton system was a weaker predictor of postoperative outcomes including 30-day mortality ( P = .15), length of stay ( P = .13), and readmissions within 30 days ( P = .38).

Conclusion

The Southampton difficulty scoring system is a valid system for classifying robotic liver resections and is a strong predictor of intraoperative outcomes. However, the system was found to be a weaker predictor of postoperative outcomes. This finding may suggest the need for proposal of a new difficulty scoring system for robotic hepatectomies.
Association of Laparoscopic Approach With Improved Short-Term Outcomes in Patients With Hematologic Malignancy Undergoing Splenectomy
Authors: Balan Naveen , deVirgilio Christian M. , Ozao-Choy Junko , Moazzez Ashkan
Published: June 2023

Background

Patients with hematologic malignancies undergo splenectomy for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Although minimally invasive surgery continues to be increasingly utilized for a variety of abdominal operations, no large-scale data has compared the postoperative outcomes for laparoscopic vs open splenectomy in patients with hematologic malignancy.

Methods

Patients with a diagnosis of hematologic malignancy who underwent laparoscopic and open splenectomy between 2015 and 2020 were queried using the ACS-NSQIP database. 30-day outcomes of laparoscopic vs open splenectomy were compared.

Results

Out of 430 patients included in the study, 52.6% were male, with a mean age of 63.4 ± 13.1 years. 233 patients (54.2%) underwent laparoscopic splenectomy. On bivariate analysis, laparoscopic surgery was associated with lower rates of 30-day mortality [2.1% vs 11.7% ( P < .001)] and morbidity [9.0% vs 24.4% ( P < .001)]. On multivariate regression, elective operations (OR .255, 95%CI: 0.084-.778, P = .016) and laparoscopic surgery (OR .239, 95%CI: 0.075-.760, P = .015) were independently associated with lower mortality, while history of metastatic cancer (OR 3.331, 95%CI: 1.144-9.699, P = .027) was associated with higher mortality. Laparoscopic surgery (OR .401, 95%CI: 0.209-.770, P = .006) and steroid use (OR 2.714, 95%CI: 1.279-5.757, P = .009) were the only two factors independently associated with 30-day morbidity. Laparoscopic surgery was also associated with shorter hospital length of stay (median 3 [IQR:3] vs 6 [IQR:7] days).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic splenectomy was associated with lower 30-day mortality and morbidity, and shorter length of stay in patients with hematologic malignancies. These data suggest that laparoscopic approach, when feasible, may be preferred for splenectomy in this patient population.
Implementation of AIRVO™ System for Postoperative Tracheostomy Care in Head and Neck Free Flaps
Authors: Masood Maheer M. , Yu Katherine , Penn Denice , Ramirez Janine , Michaels Amanda , Shnayder Yelizaveta
Published: June 2023

Objective:

Effective postoperative tracheostomy management after free flap surgery is critical but can offer challenges including difficulty with humidification delivery and contraindications toward neck instrumentation. The purpose of this project was to establish a multidisciplinary team and implement the AIRVO™ tracheostomy humidification system for those undergoing free flap surgery and determine its effect on respiratory secretions and related events.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of head and neck free flap surgery patients prior to implementation of AIRVO™ (Jan 2021-May 2021) and after (August 2021-December 2021) were analyzed with a 2 month (June 2021-July 2021) implementation phase. Main variables analyzed included excessive tracheal secretions, necessity of supplemental oxygen above baseline for a day or greater, respiratory rapid response calls, elevation to intensive care units (ICU), and length of hospital stay.

Results:

A total of 82 patients (40 pre-AIRVO™ and 42 with AIRVO™) met criteria for the study. A significant reduction in excessive tracheal secretions (40% pre-AIRVO™, 11.9% with AIRVO ™, P = .01) and necessity of supplemental oxygen above baseline (25% pre-AIRVO™, 7.1% with AIRVO ™, P = .04) were observed. No significant difference in hospital length of stay ( P = .63) was observed. No respiratory rapid responses or elevation to ICU care were seen in either groups.

Conclusion:

The AIRVO™ system provided an efficient, portable, free of neck instrumentation, and easy to use device that resulted in a reduction in excessive tracheal secretion events and necessity of supplemental oxygenation needs in free flap tracheostomy patients
Rates of Antidepressant, Anxiolytic, and ADHD Medication Use Among Patients Undergoing ESS
Authors: Workman Alan D. , Dattilo Lillian W. , Mitchell Margaret B. , Rathi Vinay K. , Bhattacharyya Neil
Published: June 2023

Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are estimated to have psychiatric comorbidity at a higher rate than the general population; however, self-report of depression diagnoses or symptoms often underestimates true prevalence in many populations. In the present study, a cohort of 2279 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were matched to an equal number of non-CRS control subjects by age, sex, race and health status. Overall, the rate of antidepressant/anxiolytic utilization among ESS patients was 22.1%versus 11.3% for controls ( P < .001, OR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.90-2.63). The rate of ADHD medication utilization among ESS patients was 3.6%versus 2.0% for controls ( P = .001, OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.28-2.68). This study suggests that patients undergoing ESS exhibit significantly higher rates of antidepressant and ADHD medication utilization relative to a matched control population.
Bricoleurs de rites et artistes-ritualistes au Québec : figures de proue d’un régime religieux en émergence
Authors: Kostecki Isabelle , Mossière Géraldine
Published: June 2023

This article discusses the contemporary figures of the ritual bricoleur (amateur ritual crafter) and the ritualist artist. Distanced from religious institutions, these practitioners are creative and innovative in the ritualization of daily life and the life cycle. Based on two bodies of data from ethnographic research conducted in Quebec, the authors analyze the initiatives of these self-taught ritualists in an ascending order of virtuosity, drawing on Lévi-Strauss’s categorization of creative modalities in the field of culture (ideotypes of the bricoleur and the artist). Ethnographic exploration of these emerging ritual practices highlights the dynamics of a post-institutional type of religious regime associated with the rise of holistic spiritualities and personal growth. These new and seemingly disparate ritual practices aim at the transformation of the subjects’ interiority while reorganizing their relationship to the other, to the sacred and to the world according to a holistic, experiential and voluntarist approachy.
Ancêtres (in)communs : rencontres rituelles d’arutam et échelles de la politique territoriale achuar en Équateur
Authors: Preux Raphaël
Published: June 2023

In this article, I aim to document the political imaginary of penker pujustin (good living), conceptualized by some Ecuadorian Achuar elders and intellectuals in the 1970s, as the “plan of life” grounding their political sovereignty. My analysis lies on a study of the relationships between the arutam ancestral power and Achuar’s territorial politics. While having remained steady along the last decades, the natematin ritual, which allows the acquisition of the arutam power, has undergone a major transformation: often described by anthropologists as a warlike authority-making ritual, the arutam power is now sought after by political leaders eager to produce commons against the rising of warlike conflicts, either by the legal recognition of a common and intangible territory, and by the stabilization of family and communal micro-territories. I stand that the arutam ritual, both political and territorial, is to be understood as a source of the Achuar process of “communing”, as well as it engenders some “incommons” arutam, as achuar contemporary history’s driving force.
Development and refinement of a corner-based injury prevention programme for Latino day labourers
Authors: Springer Andrew E , King Yesmel , Field Craig , Ojeda Martha Alicia , Brown Louis , Monforton Celeste , Hernandez Rodrigo , Diamond Pamela , Atkinson John , Fernández-Esquer Maria Eugenia
Published: June 2023

Objective:

Latino day labourers (LDLs) in the USA are at increased risk for non-fatal and fatal occupational injuries, which are compounded by stressors that include wage theft, job insecurity and discrimination. This paper describes the development and refinement of Vales+Tú (You are Worthy of More), an injury prevention programme currently being evaluated as part of a cluster randomised trial in which health promotion is taken directly to the ‘corners’ (e.g. street corners, home improvement store parking lots, and public parks) where workers gather to seek employment.

Design:

Vales+Tú comprises two corner-based intervention approaches, group problem-solving (small group discussions) and brief motivational interviewing (one-on-one dialogue), that aim to activate LDL agency to control their safety and that of their peers.

Setting:

Corners in Houston, Texas, where LDLs seek employment.

Method:

Intervention Mapping informed the refinement of Vales+Tú for the current trial. We provide a narrative review of the development process based on needs assessment and formative development activities (surveys, focus group discussions and pilot tests).

Results:

In addition to documenting the need for LDL injury prevention, with 20.2%–41.6% of Houston-based LDLs surveyed between 2013–2014 and 2019 reporting a severe work-related injury in the past year, we describe key facets of the Vales+Tú corner-based intervention approaches – including their theoretical basis and LDL-centred activities, as well as enhancements made informed by formative evaluation.

Conclusion:

The community-engaged development process of Vales+Tú resulted in two practical intervention approaches that can be adopted by worker centres and other organisations to promote LDL worker safety.
State of Confusion: Ohio’s Restrictive Abortion Landscape and the Production of Uncertainty in Reproductive Health Care
Authors: Czarnecki Danielle , Bessett Danielle , Gyuras Hillary J. , Norris Alison H. , McGowan Michelle L.
Published: June 2023

This study examines an underexplored source of medical uncertainty: the political context of care. Since 2011, Ohio has passed over 16 abortion-restrictive laws. We know little about how this legislation affects reproductive health care outside of abortion clinics. Drawing on focus groups and interviews with genetic counselors and obstetrician-gynecologists, we examine how abortion legislation impacts their work. We find that interpretation and implementation of legislation is not straightforward and varies by institution and region of the state. An ever-changing legislative landscape combined with uneven implementation of restrictions into policy produces uncertainty in reproductive health care. We also found uncertainty about the legal consequences of abortion in restrictive contexts, with obstetrician-gynecologists reporting greater concerns given their proximity to care provision. We argue that uncertainty can result in stricter interpretations of regulations than necessitated by the law, thereby amplifying the impacts of an already restrictive context for abortion care.
The Power of Self-Labels: Examining Self-Esteem Consequences for Youth with Mental Health Problems
Authors: Harari Lexi , Oselin Sharon S. , Link Bruce G.
Published: June 2023

New evidence on a classic sociological debate allows for a test of the consequences of self-labeling with mental illness. While a medicalized “insight” perspective emphasizes the importance of self-labeling for psychological well-being and recovery, a sociologically informed “outsight” perspective draws from modified labeling, self-labeling, and stigma resistance theories to suggest that self-labeling can generate negative consequences for self-esteem. We engage this debate by examining the effects of mental illness self-labels on a crucial component of psychological well-being for persons with mental health problems—self-esteem—by using longitudinal data that followed 427 sixth-grade youth over two years. Our findings support an outsight perspective whereby adopting a self-label led to decreased self-esteem, while those who dropped a self-label experienced increased self-esteem. This conclusion calls for revisions to prevailing public mental health models that overlook how self-labels can impede rather than enhance psychological well-being and recovery efforts.
Pavement publics in late nineteenth-century Stockholm
Authors: Emanuel Martin
Published: June 2023

This article presents a case study of pavement regulation and usage in nineteenth-century Stockholm, probing how urbanites’ interactions on and access to pavements were contested and negotiated, in the process shaping the publicness of streets. Utilising press coverage, it moves beyond a focus on infrastructure and political discourse, to capture urban dwellers’ perspectives, claims and interactions. The article shows that, in favouring circulation, Stockholm's pavement regulations expelled or made subsistence-driven activities illegitimate. Pavement circulation also secured undisturbed, anonymous walking and the ability to maintain a distanced attitude towards others – to be private while in public. Yet pavements featured as a prominent public space not only because it was ordered and controlled, but because urbanites of all sorts fought for access. Next to allegedly “modern” usages, city pavements remained home to age-old but marginalised street practices, as well as middle-class women who had begun to claim their equal right of use.
Psychometric Properties of the Serbian Version of the Death Attitudes Profile- Revised (DAP-R) Instrument
Authors: Maric Dragana , Maric Gorica , Jovanovic Aleksa , Maricic Jovana , Ivanovic Katarina , Pekmezovic Tatjana
Published: June 2023

The Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R), one of the most widely used scales for assessing death attitudes is a multidimensional questionnaire capable of measuring a wide range of attitudes towards death. The aim of our study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Serbian version of the DAP-R. The study was conducted in October 2022 and included a total of 547 students of the Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade (FMUB). Based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values, our data show good reliability of the DAP-RSp (Serbian version). In our study, the confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the data to the original factor structure with minor discrepancy; compared to the original version (five factors), our analysis yielded one more factor (six factors in total), however, almost all items had factor loading >0.3 on the appropriate scale.
Capital Flows and the Eurozone's North-South Divide
Authors: Kohler Karsten
Published: June 2023

This article offers a monetary perspective on capital flows and the Eurozone's north-south divide. It argues that finance-centric narratives in comparative political economy rightly emphasize financial instability in the periphery, but that the role of capital flows therein requires clarification. The article draws on post-Keynesian monetary theory, coherent accounting, and balance-of-payments data to make three points. First, the focus on the financial account as a driver of current accounts should be abandoned in favor of an analysis of gross capital flows. Gross flows need not stem from excess savings in core countries and can be independent from trade flows. Second, explanations of financial instability in the periphery should go beyond bank flows and consider speculative portfolio flows into bond markets and foreign direct investment into real estate. Third, rising spreads in the periphery during the Eurozone crisis and the outbreak of the pandemic were not triggered by balance-of-payments problems but by a reversal of speculative bond flows. Comparative political economy should thus dedicate more attention to institutions that render peripheral countries susceptible to speculative flows into asset markets.