bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulfur‐Grafted Hollow Carbon Spheres for Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Ding Jia , Zhang Hanlei , Zhou Hui , Feng Jun , Zheng Xuerong , Zhong Cheng , Paek Eunsu , Hu Wenbin , Mitlin David
Published: June 2019

Sulfur‐rich carbons are minimally explored for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs). Here, a large amount of S (38 wt%) is chemically incorporated into a carbon host, creating sulfur‐grafted hollow carbon spheres (SHCS) for KIB anodes. The SHCS architecture provides a combination of nanoscale (≈40 nm) diffusion distances and CS chemical bonding to minimize cycling capacity decay and Coulombic efficiency (CE) loss. The SHCS exhibit a reversible capacity of 581 mAh g−1 (at 0.025 A g−1), which is the highest reversible capacity reported for any carbon‐based KIB anode. Electrochemical analysis of S‐free carbon spheres baseline demonstrates that both the carbon matrix and the sulfur species are highly electrochemically active. SHCS also show excellent rate capability, achieving 202, 160, and 110 mAh g−1 at 1.5, 3, and 5 A g−1, respectively. The electrode maintains 93% of the capacity from the 5th to 1000th cycle at 3 A g−1, with steady‐state CE being near 100%. Raman analysis indicates reversible breakage of CS and SS bonds upon potassiation to 0.01 V versus K/K+. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) analysis provides voltage‐dependent K+ diffusion coefficients that range from 10−10 to 10−12 cm2 s−1 upon potassiation and depotassiation, with approximately five times higher coefficient for the former.
Joint Charge Storage for High‐Rate Aqueous Zinc–Manganese Dioxide Batteries
Authors: Jin Yan , Zou Lianfeng , Liu Lili , Engelhard Mark H. , Patel Rajankumar L. , Nie Zimin , Han Kee Sung , Shao Yuyan , Wang Chongmin , Zhu Jia , Pan Huilin , Liu Jun
Published: June 2019

Aqueous rechargeable zinc–manganese dioxide batteries show great promise for large‐scale energy storage due to their use of environmentally friendly, abundant, and rechargeable Zn metal anodes and MnO2 cathodes. In the literature various intercalation and conversion reaction mechanisms in MnO2 have been reported, but it is not clear how these mechanisms can be simultaneously manipulated to improve the charge storage and transport properties. A systematical study to understand the charge storage mechanisms in a layered δ‐MnO2 cathode is reported. An electrolyte‐dependent reaction mechanism in δ‐MnO2 is identified. Nondiffusion controlled Zn2+ intercalation in bulky δ‐MnO2 and control of H+ conversion reaction pathways over a wide C‐rate charge–discharge range facilitate high rate performance of the δ‐MnO2 cathode without sacrificing the energy density in optimal electrolytes. The Zn‐δ‐MnO2 system delivers a discharge capacity of 136.9 mAh g−1 at 20 C and capacity retention of 93% over 4000 cycles with this joint charge storage mechanism. This study opens a new gateway for the design of high‐rate electrode materials by manipulating the effective redox reactions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries.
Atomic‐Level Customization of 4 in. Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Multilayer Alloys for Industrial Applications
Authors: Lim Yi Rang , Han Jin Kyu , Yoon Yeoheung , Lee Jae‐Bok , Jeon Cheolho , Choi Min , Chang Hyunju , Park Noejung , Kim Jung Hwa , Lee Zonghoon , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lee Sun Sook , An Ki‐Seok , Ahn Jong‐Hyun , Lim Jongsun
Published: June 2019

Despite many encouraging properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), a central challenge in the realm of industrial applications based on TMD materials is to connect the large‐scale synthesis and reproducible production of highly crystalline TMD materials. Here, the primary aim is to resolve simultaneously the two inversely related issues through the synthesis of MoS2(1−x
)Se2x
ternary alloys with customizable bichalcogen atomic (S and Se) ratio via atomic‐level substitution combined with a solution‐based large‐area compatible approach. The relative concentration of bichalcogen atoms in the 2D alloy can be effectively modulated by altering the selenization temperature, resulting in 4 in. scale production of MoS1.62Se0.38, MoS1.37Se0.63, MoS1.15Se0.85, and MoS0.46Se1.54 alloys, as well as MoS2 and MoSe2. Comprehensive spectroscopic evaluations for vertical and lateral homogeneity in terms of heteroatom distribution in the large‐scale 2D TMD alloys are implemented. Se‐stimulated strain effects and a detailed mechanism for the Se substitution in the MoS2 crystal are further explored. Finally, the capability of the 2D alloy for industrial application in nanophotonic devices and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is validated. Substantial enhancements in the optoelectronic and HER performances of the 2D ternary alloy compared with those of its binary counterparts, including pure‐phase MoS2 and MoSe2, are unambiguously achieved.
High‐Lithium‐Affinity Chemically Exfoliated 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Chen Xiudong , Li Yusen , Wang Liang , Xu Yi , Nie Anmin , Li Qianqian , Wu Fan , Sun Weiwei , Zhang Xiang , Vajtai Robert , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Chen Long , Wang Yong
Published: June 2019

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with reversible redox behaviors are potential electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the sluggish lithium diffusion kinetics, poor electronic conductivity, low reversible capacities, and poor rate performance for most reported COF materials limit their further application. Herein, a new 2D COF (TFPB‐COF) with six unsaturated benzene rings per repeating unit and ordered mesoporous pores (≈2.1 nm) is designed. A chemical stripping strategy is developed to obtain exfoliated few‐layered COF nanosheets (E‐TFPB‐COF), whose restacking is prevented by the in situ formed MnO2 nanoparticles. Compared with the bulk TFPB‐COF, the exfoliated TFPB‐COF exhibits new active Li‐storage sites associated with conjugated aromatic π electrons by facilitating faster ion/electron kinetics. The E‐TFPB‐COF/MnO2 and E‐TFPB‐COF electrodes exhibit large reversible capacities of 1359 and 968 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles with good high‐rate capability.
Single‐Junction Polymer Solar Cells with 16.35% Efficiency Enabled by a Platinum(II) Complexation Strategy
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Feng Kui , Bi Zhaozhao , Ma Wei , Zhang Guangjun , Peng Qiang
Published: June 2019

A new strategy of platinum(II) complexation is developed to regulate the crystallinity and molecular packing of polynitrogen heterocyclic polymers, optimize the morphology of the active blends, and improve the efficiency of the resulting nonfullerene polymer solar cells (NF‐PSCs). The newly designed s‐tetrazine (s‐TZ)‐containing copolymer of PSFTZ (4,8‐bis(5‐((2‐butyloctyl)thio)‐4‐fluorothiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐alt‐3,6‐bis(4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine) has a strong aggregation property, which results in serious phase separation and large domains when blending with Y6 ((2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile)), and produces a power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.03%. By adding small amount of Pt(Ph)2(DMSO)2 (Ph, phenyl and DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide), platinum(II) complexation would occur between Pt(Ph)2(DMSO)2 and PSFTZ. The bulky benzene ring on the platinum(II) complex increases the steric hindrance along the polymer main chain, inhibits the polymer aggregation strength, regulates the phase separation, optimizes the morphology, and thus improves the efficiency to 16.35% in the resulting devices. 16.35% is the highest efficiency for single‐junction PSCs reported so far.
Modulating Epitaxial Atomic Structure of Antimonene through Interface Design
Authors: Niu Tianchao , Zhou Wenhan , Zhou Dechun , Hu Xuemin , Zhang Shengli , Zhang Kan , Zhou Miao , Fuchs Harald , Zeng Haibo
Published: June 2019

Antimonene, a new semiconductor with fundamental bandgap and desirable stability, has been experimentally realized recently. However, epitaxial growth of wafer‐scale single‐crystalline monolayer antimonene preserving its buckled configuration remains a daunting challenge. Here, Cu(111) and Cu(110) are chosen as the substrates to fabricate high‐quality, single‐crystalline antimonene via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Surface alloys form spontaneously after the deposition and postannealing of Sb on two substrates that show threefold and twofold symmetry with different lattice constants. Increasing the coverage leads to the epitaxial growth of two atomic types of antimonene, both exhibiting a hexagonal lattice but with significant difference in lattice constants, which are observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements reveal the strain‐induced tunable bandgap, in agreement with the first‐principles calculations. The results show that epitaxial growth of antimonene on different substrates allow the electronic properties of these films to be tuned by substrate‐induced strain and stress.
High Moisture Barrier with Synergistic Combination of SiOx and Polyelectrolyte Nanolayers
Authors: Qin Shuang , Xiang Sisi , Eberle Bailey , Xie Kelvin , Grunlan Jaime C.
Published: June 2019

The lifespan of most organic electronics, and many types of food, depend on the oxygen and moisture barrier of the packaging materials. Despite exhibiting excellent oxygen barrier and being relatively easy to produce, polyelectrolyte multilayer nanocoatings (PEM) show limited moisture barrier. SiOx thin films can exhibit good moisture barrier, but rigidity that leads to cracking is a challenge for flexible packaging. In this work, layer‐by‐layer assembled PEM coatings are paired with inorganic SiOx to form a three‐layer sandwich‐type moisture barrier. The barrier property of this organic/inorganic/organic structure is an order of magnitude better than any individual component or other combination thereof. This behavior is attributed to the underlying PEM layer smoothing the substrate surface and the top PEM layer eliminating defects in the underlying SiOx. This study provides a new twist in the development of flexible films with exceptional moisture barrier.
Spintronics of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: Miraculous Basis of Integrated Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Liao Kun , Hu Xiaoyong , Cheng Yinke , Yu Zhongcheng , Xue Yuxuan , Chen Ye , Gong Qihuang
Published: June 2019

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOP) spintronics aims to make full use of the properties of electron spin. HOP spintronics has recently emerged as a promising field of research because it provides a new precisely manipulable degree of freedom. The flourishing development activity in this field has benefited from the unique intrinsic spin‐related optoelectronic properties of HOPs, which include triplet formation, a large Stark effect, the magneto‐optical effect, polarized light‐related effects, and complex light emission characteristics, which offer the possibility of providing a new way to control the performance of integrated optoelectronic devices through spin interactions between photons and electrons. Along with the continuous improvements in the theoretical research into HOP spintronics, large numbers of novel optoelectronic devices have been proposed and demonstrated experimentally and have shown great potential for fabrication of next‐generation, high‐performance integrated optoelectronic chips. This review provides an overview of the fundamental principles, novel spin‐generated physical effects, and diverse structures of HOP spintronics systems, along with the applications of HOP spintronics in optoelectronic devices, while also undertaking a general review of the remaining challenges and proposing possible development directions that require further study for the application of HOP spintronics to integrated optoelectronic devices.
Continuous‐Wave Pumped Perovskite Lasers
Authors: Mi Yang , Zhong Yangguang , Zhang Qing , Liu Xinfeng
Published: June 2019

Continuous‐wave (CW) operated lasers are regarded as a stepping stone to the development of electrically driven lasers and crucial for practical application in high‐density integrated optoelectronic devices. Recently, metallic halide perovskites are demonstrated as excellent gain materials for CW lasers owing to their large optical absorption coefficient, low defect density, long diffusion length, and suppressed Auger recombination rate. Here, the latest research advances on CW pumped perovskite lasers are reviewed. First, the recent research advances on CW lasing in perovskite thin film are highlighted. Then, CW lasing in CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowires is briefly introduced. The comparison of lasing thresholds in CW perovskite lasers is made and discussed. Finally, the importance of such perovskite CW lasers is emphasized, while a perspective on the potential opportunities and remaining challenges of perovskite‐based CW lasers is proposed.
Electronic Devices and Circuits Based on Wafer‐Scale Polycrystalline Monolayer MoS2 by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Li , Wong Swee Liang , Huang Xin , Liao Wugang , Zhu Chunxiang , Lim Yee‐Fun , Li Dabing , Liu Xinke , Chi Dongzhi , Ang Kah‐Wee
Published: June 2019

2D layered materials such as graphene and transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation nanoelectronic applications due to their atomically thin thicknesses and unique electronic properties. Among TMDCs, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been extensively investigated as a channel material for field‐effect transistor (FET) and circuit realization. However, to date most reported works have been limited to exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets primarily due to the difficulty in synthesizing large‐area and high‐quality MoS2 thin film. A demonstration of wafer‐scale monolayer MoS2 synthesis is reported by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), enabling transistors, memristive memories, and integrated circuits to be realized simultaneously. Specifically, building on top‐gated FETs with a high‐κ gate dielectric (HfO2), Boolean logic circuits including inverters and NAND gates are successfully demonstrated using direct‐coupled FET logic technology, with typical inverters exhibiting a high voltage gain of 16, a large total noise margin of 0.72 VDD at VDD = 3 V, and perfect logic‐level matching. Additionally, resistive switching is demonstrated in a MoS2‐based memristor, indicating that they have great potential for the development of resistive random‐access memory. By virtue of scalable CVD growth capability, the way toward practical and large‐scale electronic applications of MoS2 is indicated.
Within‐plant heterogeneity in fecundity and herbivory induced by localizedDNAhypomethylation in the perennial herbHelleborus foetidus
Authors: Herrera Carlos M. , Medrano Mónica , Pérez Ricardo , Bazaga Pilar , Alonso Conchita
Published: June 2019

Premise

Phenotypic heterogeneity of reiterated, homologous structures produced by individual plants has ecological consequences for plants and their animal consumers. This paper examines experimentally the epigenetic mosaicism hypothesis, which postulates that within‐plant variation in traits of reiterated structures may partly arise from different parts of the same genetic individual differing in patterns or extent of genomicDNAmethylation.

Methods

Leaves of paired ramets borne by field‐growingHelleborus foetidusplants were infiltrated periodically over the entire flowering period with either a water solution of the demethylating agent zebularine or just water as the control. The effects of the zebularine treatment were assessed by quantifying genome‐wideDNAcytosine methylation in leaves and monitoring inflorescence growth and flower production, number of ovules per flower, pollination success, fruit set, seed set, seed size, and distribution of sap‐feeding insects.

Results

GenomicDNAfrom leaves in zebularine‐treated ramets was significantly less methylated thanDNAfrom leaves in control ones. Inflorescences in treated ramets grew smaller and produced fewer flowers, with fewer ovules and lower follicle and seed set, but did not differ from inflorescences in untreated ramets in pollination success or seed size. The zebularine treatment influenced the within‐plant distribution of sap‐feeding insects.

Conclusions

Experimental manipulation of genomicDNAmethylation level in leaves of wild‐growingH. foetidusplants induced considerable within‐plant heterogeneity in phenotypic (inflorescences, flowers, fecundity) and ecologically relevant traits (herbivore distribution), which supports the hypothesis that epigenetic mosaicism may partly account for within‐plant variation.
Target Identification of a 1,3,4‐Oxadiazin‐5(6H)‐One Anticancer Agent via Photoaffinity Labelling
Authors: Lim Bumhee , Lee Jinah , Kim Byungjin , Lee Rang , Park Jaehyun , Oh Dong‐Chan , Gam Jongsik , Lee Jeeyeon
Published: June 2019

Rational design and synthetic feasibility are critical factors for the photoaffinity labelling (PAL) approach, which can identify protein targets of bioactive small molecules under native cellular conditions. In this study, we developed photoaffinity labelling probes derived from 1,3,4‐oxadiazin‐5(6H)‐ones (OPALs) for LL‐2003, a previously reported potential anticancer agent against IGF‐1R and Src. Our photoaffinity labelling strategy enabled successful photo‐crosslinking of the probes (OPAL‐6 and OPAL‐8) with the target proteins in both mammalian cell lysates and live MCF7, A549, HepG2 and HeLa cells in situ. In vitro and in situ labelling demonstrated different patterns and expression levels of the proteome, and the strongest band for Src appeared in the A549 cell line. An in‐gel fluorescence scan combined with MS/MS analysis of the IGF‐1R overexpressed insect proteome labelled by OPAL‐6 and OPAL‐8 identified the binding location of the synthesized probes.
Scientific abstracts for RhinoWorld 2019
Authors: Smith Timothy L.
Published: June 2019

It has been a decade since the world's rhinologic community gathered in the United States for RhinoWorld. The American Rhinologic Society (ARS), International Rhinologic Society (IRS), and International Society of Inflammation and Allergy of the Nose (ISIAN) have joined together to host this international gathering of clinicians and scientists.

Herein, you will find the abstracts that will be presented orally during RhinoWorld on June 5‐9, 2019, in Chicago, IL. This IFAR supplement serves as an informational centerpiece for cutting edge discovery and innovation, and commentary and debate, for clinicians and researchers worldwide with interest in the fields of rhinology, cranial base, otolaryngic allergy, and associated disorders. Many thanks to the nearly 50 members of the RhinoWorld Program Committee and its co‐chairs Robert Kern, MD, Rakesh Chandra, MD, and Kevin Welch, MD.

This IFAR supplement is organized such that the Top 10 Clinical Abstracts (as determined by the RhinoWorld Program Committee) and the Top 10 Basic/Translational Science Abstracts (as determined by the RhinoWorld Program Committee) are presented first followed by all abstracts in alphabetical order by title. Some abstracts required post‐submission editing for length. IFAR and Wiley have published this as an open access document online so that it is available all around the globe. We sincerely hope you find this publication meaningful in your practice and research.

For more cutting edge information, please visit the IFAR website at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/20426984 and follow us on Twitter @IFAR_Journal.
Entropic Uncertainty in Neutrino and Meson Systems
Authors: Huang Zhiming
Published: June 2019

The dynamics of quantum‐memory‐assisted entropic uncertainty for the closed neutrino system in the context of two flavor oscillations and the meson system within the framework of open quantum system are investigated. It is found that the entropic uncertainty exists in close relation with the quantum correlation, and growing quantum correlation can decrease the uncertainty. The oscillatory behaviors of entropic uncertainty in neutrino system brought about by neutrino oscillating property are different from the decaying behaviors of entropic uncertainty in meson system induced by the meson decaying nature. In addition, the entropic uncertainty is always equal to its lower bound in the two subatomic systems. This study would throw light on the particle behavior characteristics of high energy physics, and may be useful to the tasks of quantum information‐processing implemented with subatomic system since the uncertainty principle plays vital role in quantum information science and technology.
Metabolites recovery from fermentation broths via pressure‐driven membrane processes
Authors: Díaz‐Montes Elsa , Castro‐Muñoz Roberto
Published: June 2019

The production of specific metabolites using microorganism has been promoted and enhanced by two different approaches, such as modification of the metabolic pathways of microorganism and optimization of culture medium conditions to synthesize specific compounds. However, research community is today focused on the development of processes and techniques for a suitable recovery of metabolites from different stages of fermentation. For this purpose, the use of organic solvents has been the most common approach for the recovery of specific target compounds according to the solvent affinity. Additionally, these techniques also require the implementation of unit processes to obtain better recovery rates; it means that solvent extraction methods need the implementation of additional steps to recover the solvents used, which may involve the increase of final costs in the production process. For this reason, researchers have started to consider membrane‐based technologies (e.g. microfiltration [MF], ultrafiltration [UF], and nanofiltration [NF]), as an alternative for the recovery of metabolites from fermentation broths. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current findings of the recovery of metabolites from fermentation broths by means of pressure‐driven membrane processes. Particular attention will be paid to relevant data, analyzing and discussing according to the membrane features, metabolite properties, and some other phenomena that influence in the separation. Moreover, a framework of the application of the MF, UF, and NF processes in solutes recovery is addressed. Finally, some fundamentals of these processes are also given.
Phosphorus–nitrogen‐type fire‐retardant vinyl ester resin with good comprehensive properties
Authors: Duan Huajun , Ji Sa , Yin Teng , Tao Xiaoxiao , Chen Yongsheng , Ma Huiru
Published: June 2019

In this study, a series of fire‐retardant vinyl ester resins (VERs) were obtained via the copolymerization of phosphorus–nitrogen‐containing acrylate [1,3,5‐triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC)–acrylic acid (AA)–9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO)] and the widely used vinyl ester resin 901 (901‐VER). The influences of the TGIC–AA–DOPO additive amount on 901‐VER were comprehensively evaluated via the measurement of the flame retardancy, thermal performance, and mechanical properties. In the case of 30 and 40% TGIC–AA–DOPO, the thermosets acquired limited oxygen index values of 30.8 and 31.7%, respectively, and reached vertical burning (UL‐94) ratings of V‐1 and V‐0, respectively. In addition, their peak heat‐release rates, average heat‐release rates, total heat release values, average effective heats of combustion, and total smoke productions decreased significantly. These results demonstrated the great progress of 901‐VER in fireproofing performance. More importantly, the flame‐retardant VER thermosets showed good thermal properties and castings, and glass‐fiber‐reinforced composites based on the developed fire‐retardant VERs possessed comparable tensile strength, flexural strength, and better tensile modulus comparing to those based on neat 901‐VER when the TGIC–AA–DOPO amount was no greater than 30%. From an integrated perspective, 901‐VER with 30% TGIC–AA–DOPO was the best desired. The excellent flame retardancy, thermal performance, and mechanical properties promise the as‐obtained VER important applicable values. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47997.
Crosslinked PVDF‐HFP‐based hydrophobic membranes incorporated with CNF for enhanced stability and permeability in membrane distillation
Authors: Ray Saikat Sinha , Deb Chinmoy Kanti , Chang Hau‐Ming , Chen Shiao‐Shing , Ganesapillai Mahesh
Published: June 2019

Over the past decades, numerous materials have emerged as promising amenities for the fabrication of novel membranes. The current study gives insight into a modest and effective method to fabricate a crosslinked poly‐vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene membrane with better mechanical properties and permeability for desalination. Poly‐vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene membrane was grafted with crosslinked collagen to enhance direct contact membrane distillation used for desalination. Stiffness, rigidity and mechanical properties of the membrane were intensified by incorporating collagen (extracted from eggshells) into the membrane matrix, with glutaraldehyde crosslinkers. Furthermore, to improve water vapor diffusion, immobilized carbon nanofibers (CNF) were integrated in the membrane, casted via phase inversion technique with an optimized controlled approach. The permeate flux of CNF incorporated membrane was as high as 8 LMH, 18% higher than the unmodified poly‐vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene membrane at 60 °C, besides minimal salt leakage. The properties of the modified membrane were characterized from its contact angle, morphological structure, surface roughness, dynamic mechanical properties, and water flux. The overall performance of the modified membranes was better than the virgin membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48021.
Electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity properties of graphene‐coated woven fabrics
Authors: Manasoglu Gizem , Celen Rumeysa , Kanik Mehmet , Ulcay Yusuf
Published: June 2019

In this study, it was aimed to develop electrically and thermal conductive textiles surfaces. Pretreated polyester fabrics were coated with nano graphene powders at different concentration rates (50, 100, and 200 g/kg) by knife over roll technique. Electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, thickness and mass per unit area measurements, bending rigidity, and abrasion resistance tests of coated fabrics were performed. Surface resistivity measurements of coated fabrics were made according to ASTM D 257 standard with Keithley 8009 Resistivity Test Fixture. Surface electrical resistivity values of coated fabrics decreased with increasing concentration rates. Of note, 2.53 × 104 Ω/sq surface resistivity value was obtained at 200 g/kg graphene concentration rate. Thermal conductivity measurements of coated fabrics were made according to JIS R 2618 standard with Quick Thermal Conductivity Meter (QTM‐710). Thermal conductivity property of fabrics improved depending on graphene concentration. The highest thermal conductivity value (0.4243 W/mK) was obtained at 200 g/kg graphene concentration rate. One of the most important results of the study was that a maximum weight loss of 0.40% was observed in the abrasion resistance test even after 100 000 cycles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48024.
The Kaikōura earthquake in southern New Zealand: Loss of connectivity of marine communities and the necessity of a cross‐ecosystem perspective
Authors: Schiel David R. , Alestra Tommaso , Gerrity Shawn , Orchard Shane , Dunmore Robyn , Pirker John , Lilley Stacie , Tait Leigh , Hickford Michael , Thomsen Mads
Published: June 2019

The Mw 7.8 earthquake that struck the north‐east coast of the South Island of New Zealand in November 2016 caused extensive upheaval, of up to 6 m, over 110 km of coastline. Intertidal habitats were greatly affected with extensive die‐off of algal communities, high mortalities of benthic invertebrates, and greatly reduced ecosystem functioning, such as primary productivity. Only isolated pockets of key species remained in these areas, many of which were within protected areas around Kaikōura.

The loss of key species of algae and invertebrates fragmented marine populations and compromised connectivity and recovery processes because of the large dispersal distances needed to replenish populations. Severe sedimentation from terrestrial slips and erosion of newly exposed sedimentary rock compromised settlement and recruitment processes of marine species at many sites, even if distant propagules should arrive.

The combination of habitat disruption, loss of species and their functioning, and impacts on commercial fisheries, especially of abalone (Haliotis iris), requires multiple perspectives on recovery dynamics.

This paper describes these effects and discusses implications for the recovery of coastal ecosystems that include the essential involvement of mana whenua (indigenous Māori people), fishers, and the wider community, which suffered concomitant economic, recreational, and cultural impacts. These community perspectives will underpin the protection of surviving remnants of intertidal marine populations, the potential use of restoration techniques, and ultimately a successful socio‐ecological recovery.
Leader‐following consensus of heterogenous fractional‐order multi‐agent systems under input delays
Authors: Hu Wei , Wen Guoguang , Rahmani Ahmed , Bai Jing , Yu Yongguang
Published: June 2019

In this paper, over fixed directed communication graph, the leader‐following consensus of heterogenous fractional‐order multi‐agent systems (HFOMASs) is investigated with respect to input delays, where the fractional orders between leader and followers are heterogenous, which is more general. Firstly, a control algorithm with a fractional‐order estimator is proposed to guarantee the leader‐following consensus of the HFOMASs. Then, the identical input delays are taken into account in the above control algorithm, and the leader‐following consensus of the HFOMASs can be achieved under the derived sufficient and necessary condition. Thirdly, the diverse input delays are further considered in the HFOMASs, and a sufficient condition is put forward under the designed control algorithm. Finally, simulations are conducted to make the results be convinced.
Flow‐injection chemiluminescence of the luminol–potassium periodate system enhanced by TGA–capped CdTe quantum dots for the determination of theophylline
Authors: Zhou Min , Chen Qiqi , Wang Ailian , Li Juanhua , Ma Yongjun
Published: June 2019

The chemiluminescence (CL) behaviour of the luminol–potassium periodate system enhanced by CdTe quantum dots capped with thioglycolic acid (TGA–CdTe QDs) was studied using kinetic experiments, CL spectra, UV–vis absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra. The production of oxygen‐containing reactant intermediates (O2•− and OH•) in the present CL system was verified by CL. The possible CL mechanism was discussed in detail. Furthermore, theophylline (THP) was determined based on its enhancement of the CL intensity of the CdTe QDs–luminol–potassium periodate system coupled with a flow‐injection technique. Under these optimized conditions, the linear range was found to be from 1.0 × 10−8 to 1.0 × 10−5 g/mL with a detection limit of 2.8 × 10−9 g/mL (3σ). The recoveries for the determination of THP in tablets were from 98.2 to 99.6%.
Application of 2017 New Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions to Localized Aggressive Periodontitis: Case Series
Authors: Miyamoto Takanari , Kumagai Takashi , Khan Shakeel , Reddy Michael S.
Published: June 2019

Introduction

This case series illustrates the use of the new classification system of periodontal diseases and conditions. This case series highlights how the assessment of the rate of progression of periodontal disease, that is, grading, allows for the identification of individual patients, who are more likely to require active periodontal treatment intervention to prevent onset of disease, need long‐term disease control, or referral to a periodontist.

Case Presentation

A 17‐year‐old female presents with slight gingival inflammation. However, exploration into indirect evidence of disease progression, that is, family history of periodontal disease, leads to the discovery of advanced disease in the mother. The patient was diagnosed with generalized Stage I Grade C periodontitis. The patient was managed with initial periodontal therapy, consisting of scaling and root planing with systemic antibiotic therapy. Special consideration was taken to mitigate the potential for rapid disease progression because of indirect evidence of familial history of aggressive periodontitis and indicated the need for early intervention. The case resulted in remission of the progression of periodontal disease.

Conclusions

Applying the staging and grading system leads to an understanding of the need for periodontal referral and early periodontal treatment intervention. Wide adoption of staging and grading could increase early referral leading to early periodontal treatment intervention, decreased tooth loss, and have a potential effect on overall health improvement and wellness.
Effect of the Solvent Ratio (Ethylene Glycol/Water) on the Preparation of an Iron Sulfide Electrocatalyst and Its Activity towards Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Shit Subhasis , Jang Wooree , Bolar Saikat , Murmu Naresh Chandra , Koo Hyeyoung , Kuila Tapas
Published: June 2019

The polyol method is an efficient procedure for metal sulfide preparation where polyol not only acts as a solvent but also as reducing and morphology‐modulating agent. Herein, iron sulfide particles were prepared via a modified polyol method by changing the ethylene glycol (EG) : water (H2O) ratio in the mixed solvent. Analytical techniques and electronic microscopy studies confirmed that the change in EG : H2O ratio modulated the crystal structure, morphology, and electronic structure of the prepared iron sulfide particles. The electrocatalytic activity of iron sulfide changed owing to these modulations. EG helped in the formation of a sheet‐like structure – a morphology that favours a higher accessibility to the catalytically active sites. As evidenced form electrochemical impedance studies, an increased electron density near the Fermi level, a faster substrate adsorption‐desorption rate at the active sites, and a faster charge transfer at the electrode‐electrolyte interface were the key factors for the amplification in catalytic activity. The prepared iron sulfide particles showed an overall water splitting efficiency that is comparable to that of the state‐of‐the‐art RuO2‐Pt/C couple in alkaline medium. This study shows the potential of the polyol method in the preparation and catalytic‐activity modulation of Fe−S‐based electrocatalysts.
High‐Performance Sensor Based on Thin‐Film Metallic Glass/Ultra‐nanocrystalline Diamond/ZnO Nanorod Heterostructures for Detection of Hydrogen Gas at Room Temperature
Authors: Huang Bohr‐Ran , Chu Jinn P. , Saravanan Adhimoorthy , Yenesew Markos M. , Bönninghoff Niklas , Chang Chia‐Hao
Published: June 2019

This article outlines a novel material to enable the detection of hydrogen gas. The material combines thin‐film metallic glass (TFMG), ultra‐nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD), and ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) and can be used as a device for effective hydrogen gas sensing. Three sensors were fabricated by using combinations of pure ZNRs (Z), UNCD/ZNRs (DZ), and TFMG/UNCD/ZNRs (MDZ). The MDZ device exhibited a performance superior to the other configurations, with a sensing response of 34 % under very low hydrogen gas concentrations (10 ppm) at room temperature. Remarkably, the MDZ‐based sensor exhibits an ultra‐high sensitivity of 60.5 % under 500 ppm H2. The MDZ sensor proved very fast in terms of response time (20 s) and recovery time (35 s). In terms of selectivity, the sensors were particularly suited to hydrogen gas. The sensor achieved the same response performance even after two months, thereby demonstrating the superior stability. It is postulated that the superior performance of MDZ can be attributed to defect‐related adsorption as well as charge carrier density. This paper also discusses the respective energy band models of these heterostructures and also the interface effect on the gas sensing enhancements. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid TFMG/UNCD/ZNRs nanostructures could be utilized as high‐performance hydrogen gas sensors.
CD43 and CD49d from the B‐Cell Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders Diagnostic Panel Are Useful to Detect Erythroid Dysplasia
Authors: Oliveira Melissa , Laranjeira Paula , Fortuna Manuela , Bártolo Rui , Ribeiro André , Santos Mónica , Cortesão Emília , Marques Gilberto , Sarmento‐Ribeiro Ana Bela , Vitória Helena , Ribeiro Letícia , Paiva Artur
Published: June 2019

Background

Despite bone marrow (BM) immunophenotyping by flow cytometry has progressively been recognized as an important tool for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the sparse knowledge about normal erythroid maturation and the lack of markers for erythroid characterization is a major shortcoming.

Methods

Here, we analyzed the expression of CD43 and CD49d, two markers included in the diagnostic panel for B‐cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B‐CLPD), in the CD34+compartment of normal BM and along the normal and dysplastic erythroid maturation. For this, 13 normal BM aspirates and 18 BM aspirates from MDS patients were studied by flow cytometry.

Results

Normal BM presented a higher expression of CD43 and CD49d among CD34+erythroid precursors, compared to CD34+cells committed to the remaining hematopoietic cell lineages. CD43 expression progressively decreased along the normal erythroid maturation, whereas CD49d levels increased from Stage I to Stage II, were maintained in Stages II and III, and then decreased until the last stage of maturation. In MDS, the expression of CD43 and CD49d followed a similar pattern, but with decreased expression levels for both markers, observed in all erythroid maturation stages (P< 0.05).

Conclusions

Our results point to the usefulness of CD43 and CD49d, two markers commonly present in B‐CLPD diagnosis panels, in the identification of dysplastic phenotypic features in the erythroid lineage. This allows a feasible and inexpensive way to identify patients who would benefit from a more extensive study to evaluate the presence of MDS, during the processing of suspected B‐CLPD samples. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Phylogeography of the Tibetan hamster Cricetulus kamensis in response to uplift and environmental change in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Ding Li , Liao Jicheng
Published: June 2019

Aim

The evolutionary process of an organism provides valuable data toward an understanding of the Earth evolution history. To investigate the relationship between the uplift of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and mammalian evolution since the late Cenozoic, the geographic distribution of genetic variations in the Tibetan hamster Cricetulus kamensis was investigated using phylogeographical methods. In particular, population divergence, demographic history, genetic variation, and the prediction of species distribution area were investigated.

Location

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.

Methods

A total of 53 specimens, representing 13 geographic populations, were collected from the QTP. The phylogeographical pattern and demographic history of C. kamensis were analyzed, and the probable factors in the QTP uplift and the Quaternary glacial periods were inferred from one nuclear and four mitochondrial genes. Furthermore, the species distribution model (SDM) was used to predict changes in potentially suitable habitats since the last Interglacial.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that two major genetic differentiations of the C. kamensis population occurred during the Early Pleistocene that were influenced by the Qing‐Zang tectonic movement from the Middle Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene. Genetic distance between two major clades indicated low genetic divergence. Demographic history analysis showed that the C. kamensis population was affected by the Quaternary glacial period. SDM analysis indicated that C. kamensis was endemic to the QTP and the suitable habitat was affected by climate change, especially during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).

Main conclusion

Our results indicated that the QTP uplift led to the population divergence of C. kamensis, and vicariance well accounted for the geographic distribution of genetic variation in C. kamensis as a result of genetic divergence and lack of gene flow. The genetic distance shows that C. alticola may be a subspecies of C. kamensis. Demographic history analysis suggests that the QTP was affected by the last glacial period. SDM analysis supports that almost the entire QTP is covered by a huge ice sheet during the LGM.
Forb ecology research in dry African savannas: Knowledge, gaps, and future perspectives
Authors: Siebert Frances , Dreber Niels
Published: June 2019

Savannas are commonly described as a vegetation type with a grass layer interspersed with a discontinuous tree or shrub layer. On the contrary, forbs, a plant life form that can include any nongraminoid herbaceous vascular plant, are poorly represented in definitions of savannas worldwide. While forbs have been acknowledged as a diverse component of the herbaceous layer in savanna ecosystems and valued for the ecosystem services and functions they provide, they have not been the primary focus in most savanna vegetation studies. We performed a systematic review of scientific literature to establish the extent to which forbs are implicitly or explicitly considered as a discrete vegetation component in savanna research. The overall aims were to summarize knowledge on forb ecology, identify knowledge gaps, and derive new perspectives for savanna research and management with a special focus on arid and semiarid ecosystems in Africa. We synthesize and discuss our findings in the context of different overarching research themes: (a) functional organization and spatial patterning, (b) land degradation and range management, (c) conservation and reserve management, (d) resource use and forage patterning, and (e) germination and recruitment. Our results revealed biases in published research with respect to study origin (country coverage in Africa), climate (more semiarid than arid systems), spatial scale (more local than landscape scale), the level at which responses or resource potential was analyzed (primarily plant functional groups rather than species), and the focus on interactions between life forms (rather seldom between forbs and grasses and/or trees). We conclude that the understanding of African savanna community responses to drivers of global environmental change requires knowledge beyond interactions between trees and grasses only and beyond the plant functional group level. Despite multifaceted evidence of our current understanding of forbs in dry savannas, there appear to be knowledge gaps, specifically in linking drivers of environmental change to forb community responses. We therefore propose that more attention be given to forbs as an additional ecologically important plant life form in the conventional tree–grass paradigm of savannas.
Response of riparian ecosystem to dike construction on the Middle Reaches of the Tarim River, Northwest China
Authors: Chen Yongjin , Shi Xun , Liu Jiazhen , Zhang Tianju , Guo Wenwen
Published: June 2019

Studies have demonstrated that water management engineering may bring ecological degradation to the riparian ecosystems. However, most such works focus on dams, and the impact of dikes has been less studied. We investigated how dikes interfere with the desert riparian ecosystem on the middle reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, China. We collected data of vegetation species and coverage, groundwater depth, total dissolved solids (TDS), and soil salinity, along eight transects crossing the river channel, from 2001 to 2010. We conducted spatio‐temporal analyses of the data from the transects and calculated correlations between the ecological indices and the groundwater measurements and between the ecological indices and the soil properties. We found that since the construction of dikes in 2001, both the depth of and TDS in groundwater had been increasing so did soil salinity; their spatial distributions changed from irregular to increasing along with the distance from the dikes, and the width of solute‐dilution belt became narrower. The overall species richness had been declining, and spatially, it had decreased as the distance to the dikes increases; meanwhile, the species evenness had been increasing. The correlation between the species diversity and the groundwater measurements was not significant before 2003 but became highly significant for 2006–2010, after the dikes were fully established. A shrinkage of arboreal cover is accompanied by expansions of shrubby and herbaceous covers. Particularly for the Populus euphratica community, the main arboreal community in the region, the ratio between seedlings and young trees had been declining; the structure of the community became simpler as the diversity decreased; and the lateral width of the community changed from 1,500 m to 800–1,000 m. This community degradation appears to be a consequence of the dike constructions, which prevented overbank floods, resulting in a shortage of water for groundwater recharging, an increase of soil salinity leaching, and a loss of proper habitats for seeds germination.
Direct and indirect effects of nesting density on survival and breeding propensity of an endangered shorebird
Authors: Catlin Daniel H. , Gibson Daniel , Hunt Kelsi L. , Friedrich Meryl J. , Weithman Chelsea E. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Fraser James D.
Published: June 2019

Density‐dependent regulation is a fundamental part of ecological theory and a significant driver of animal demography often through complex feedback loops. We investigated the relationship between flood‐ and demographically induced fluctuations in density and the breeding propensity and survival of a pioneer species, the piping plover (plover,Charadrius melodus). We captured and marked adult and hatchling plovers on the Gavins Point Reach of the Missouri River in South Dakota and Nebraska,USA, from 2005 to 2014. In 2010 and 2011, historically high water levels and flooding inundated much of the plover's sandbar nesting habitat on the Missouri River. We developed a Bayesian formulation of a multievent model, or a multistate survival model with state uncertainty to estimate breeding propensity simultaneously with survival. Although plovers are conspicuous, their breeding status can be difficult to establish with certainty, which necessitated the use of uncertain states. With this model, we investigated the effect of sex, habitat availability, river flow, and density (birds/ha nesting habitat) on survival of hatch year and breeding and non‐breeding adult plovers. In addition, we estimated the transition rates for these age classes between breeding and non‐breeding states. Non‐breeding adults ( = 0.58 ± 0.06) had lower survival rates than breeding adults ( = 0.80 ± 0.04), and both breeding survival and breeding propensity decreased with increasing nesting density. Not only did survival and breeding propensity decrease directly at higher nest densities, but survival also was indirectly impacted by increasing the proportion of non‐breeding birds with relatively low survival. Thus, plovers were regulated through a complex set of feedback loops, acting as densities increased. Our findings underscore the intricacy of density‐dependent regulation and suggest that detailed demographic studies are needed to fully understand these effects.