bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phronesis and the Scientific, Ideological, Fearful Appeal of Lockdown Policy
Authors: Condit Celeste M.
Published: June 2020

“Lockdown!” has articulated our collective and individual fear response to the novel coronavirus. Two regnant specialized discourses fostered by the academy—science and ideology critique—could not redirect this inadequate response nor generate their own adequately broad and focused social responses. This suggests the desirability of the academy adding phronesis as a goal for its pedagogical practices.
Procrastination, Ordinary and Philosophical
Authors: Engel Pascal
Published: June 2020

Confinement is an experiment in procrastination. It used to be a vice, close to acedia, but we now take it as irrational. But it's not clearly so. Procrastination is indeed vicious when a philosopher delays permanently explaining what his theses are. Derrida is a case in point.
On Breath and Blackness: Living and Dying in the Wake of the Virus
Authors: Kennedy Michael J.
Published: June 2020

The calls for us to find solace in our “together-apart-ness” obfuscate the calamity of Black lives being lost in numbers exponentially higher than white bodies. In the midst of a virus that “does not discriminate,” but is aided in its deadly spread by those systems that do, the concept of “wake work” demands our time and attention.
The Moral Sense in the Time of the Recluse
Authors: Tindale Christopher W.
Published: June 2020

The circumstances of the pandemic, while inviting lessons from earlier reclusions, prompt reflection on what is lost when we are forced apart. The moral sense, as Darwin reminds us, is founded in communal bonds, the very things now brought into question. How then are values—and the dispositions that inform them—being challenged by a rhetoric of care?
Rhetorical Philosophy in a Difficult and Dangerous Time
Authors: Verene Donald Phillip
Published: June 2020

Philosophy combined with rhetoric offers a consolation in a time of crisis that politics cannot achieve. Political speech is guided by ideology. Philosophical speech is guided by ideas. It is the ideas that offer perspective that is so much needed in difficult and dangerous times.
Coyuntura mundial, relaciones de poder y conflictos regionales en el siglo XXI
Authors: Quehl Hartmut
Published: June 2020

Hartmut Quehl nos presenta algunos de los resultados de una investigación mundial sobre la violencia, realizada por el Instituto Felsberg para la Educación y la Investigación. Desde la perspectiva de un historiador usa elementos, tales como: Los principales desarrollos del cambio económico y social global en el eje del tiempo; el eje central del espacio, concentrándose en las regiones de Europa, Oriente Medio y África Oriental; y el último, el análisis de ambos desde la perspectiva de la interacción de la violencia y la paz. Todo este análisis global lo realiza teniendo como marco analítico, la época neoliberal.

Asimismo, con respecto al vínculo con la violencia y la paz, destaca tres puntos en la perspectiva global y regional: La cesura del 11/9 2001; las reconfiguraciones globales después de la caída de los bloques y el libre comercio y la revolución digital.
Algunas Perspectivas Críticas sobre la Enseñanza de los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Ramírez-Ayérdiz Danny , Mora-Paizano Jenny
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo la autora y el autor reflexionan sobre ciertas discusiones teóricas que se presentan en la materia de derechos humanos. Concentrado en los debates sobre los fundamentos filosóficos, la evolución histórica y la cuestión de la universalidad/relativismo de los derechos humanos, la autora y el autor, analizan críticamente cómo el abordaje de estos asuntos está configurado desde la perspectiva hegemónica vigente de la eurocentridad/modernidad. Para cada una de estas cuestiones, proponen algunas salidas elaboradas desde el pensamiento decolonial que permite la construcción colectiva, plural y contra hegemónica de nuestras propias nociones de derechos humanos desde las necesidades históricas de los pueblos del Sur.
Harnessing Text Structure Strategy for Reading Expository and Medical Texts among EFL College Students
Authors: Wu Shu-hua , Alrabah Sulaiman
Published: June 2020

This classroom-based study was conducted in Kuwait to investigate the impact of text structure strategy (TSS) instruction on the ways in which 54 English as a foreign language (EFL) college students approached expository and medical texts. Data collection involved two surveys, fieldnotes, class observations, and group interviews. A system of codes and categories was developed from the recurrent patterns and commonalities in the interview data and classroom observations. Two surveys were distributed in 2 intervals, 8 weeks apart, which focused on identifying text structure strategies such as introducing the concept of text structures, asking guided questions, identifying signaling words, and using graphic organizers, as well as the extent to which the participants applied text structure strategies to approach expository medical texts. Data analysis involved using the Microsoft Excel program to generate two tables and descriptive statistics including the means, standard deviations and percentages of the results of the two surveys. Findings indicated that the participants benefited from TSS instruction in strategies that involved group discussions rather than strategies that relied on individual class work. Moreover, a large percentage of the participants applied most of what they learned in analyzing expository texts into reading medical texts. Implications were drawn for EFL teachers to conduct action research studies on text structure strategy for EFL learners and to apply TSS instruction in class in group and pair work which are suitable for EFL leaners. Finally, EFL researchers were invited to conduct classroom-based studies of TSS instruction.
Challenges to Quality Primary Health Care in Saudi Arabia and Potential Improvements Implemented by Other Systems: Systematic Review
Authors: Almutairi Abdullah Ghthaith , Al Shamsi Hilal Salim
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION: As primary healthcare centres play an important role in implementing Saudi Arabia’s health strategy, this paper offers a review of publications on the quality of the country’s primary health care. With the aim of deciding on solutions for improvement, it provides an overview of healthcare quality in this context and indicates barriers to quality.

METHOD: Using two databases, ProQuest and Scopus, data extracted from published articles were systematically analysed for determining the care quality in Saudi primary health centres and obstacles to achieving higher quality.

RESULTS: Twenty-six articles met the criteria for inclusion in this review. The components of healthcare quality were examined in terms of the access to and effectiveness of interpersonal and clinical care. Good access and effective care were identified in such areas as maternal health care and the control of epidemic diseases, whereas poor access and effectiveness of care were shown for chronic disease management programmes, referral patterns (in terms of referral letters and feedback reports), health education and interpersonal care (in terms of language barriers). Several factors were identified as barriers to high-quality care. These included problems with evidence-based practice implementation, professional development, the use of referrals to secondary care and organisational culture. Successful improvements have been implemented by other systems, such as mobile medical units, electronic referrals, online translation tools and mobile devices and their applications; these can be implemented in Saudi Arabia for improving the quality of the primary healthcare system in this country.

CONCLUSION: The quality of primary health care in Saudi Arabia varies among the different services. To improve quality, management programmes and organisational culture must be promoted in primary health care. Professional development strategies are also needed for improving the skills and knowledge of healthcare professionals. Potential improvements can be implemented to improve the quality of the primary health system.
Occupational Health and Safety of Commercial Motorcyclists in Obollo-Afor: An Adult Education Approach
Authors: Agboeze Matthias U , Nwachukwu Ruphina U. , Ugwueze Michael O. , Agboeze Maryrose N.
Published: June 2020

This study investigated Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) public education programme as an adult education approach for improving the health and safety conditions of commercial motorcyclists in Obollo-afor, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study comprised of the four hundred and sixty four (464) commercial motorcyclists and FRSC staff, out of which 108 commercial motorcyclists and the 10 Federal Road Safety Corps staff were sampled using purposive sampling technique. The findings of the study include that FRSC public education programme to a high extent can help in the reduction of accidents and injuries involving commercial motorcyclists. The study recommended that FRSC officials should organize regular road safety awareness campaign on the streets, schools, churches and market square.
Creative Economy Teaching and Learning–A Collaborative Online International Learning Case
Authors: Katre Aparna
Published: June 2020

Culture plays a central role in the creative economy, not only in terms of developing creative products and services but also in terms of shaping the processes by which products are crafted. Among various pedagogical approaches for the development of creative products, Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) emerges as a promising vehicle. Educators can leverage audio, visual, and written communications technologies to connect learners from geographically distant cultures and place culture at the center of the creative product development processes. The University of Minnesota Duluth’s introductory class on cultural entrepreneurship, CUE 1001, hosted a semester-long COIL project with Ocean University of China’s Cultural Industries Management program to facilitate such innovation in cross-cultural teams. An ex-post evaluation of the project suggests that learners can appreciate the overall significance of culture when conceptualizing creative services and products. They develop an intercultural mindset and acquire the tools to work effectively in cross-cultural settings. Institutions of higher education can leverage COIL in a variety of domains, while studies comparing traditional and COIL-based approaches can further add to the body of knowledge regarding intercultural awareness and the internationalization of learning in higher education.
The Contributions of Temperament Characteristics to Attachment in 6-Year-Old Children
Authors: Kaya İsa , Seven Serdal , Ildız Gökçen İlhan
Published: June 2020

The aim of the current study is to investigate whether 6-year-old children’s temperament predict their level of attachment. The study has a descriptive design. During the Spring term of the academic year 2017-2018, 59 children (60-72-month old) and their mothers in City of Tekirdağ (Süleymanpaşa District) volunteered to participate in the study. Demographics Form, Incomplete Stories with Doll Family and Short Temperament Scale for Children were used for the data collection. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the ISDF and STSC scores in the first step of the data analysis. A multiple linear regression was carried out and attachment scores and temperament sub-dimension scores were assigned as the dependent and independent variables, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the independent variables in the model predicted 16% of the dependent variable (R2 = .157), which meant that the children’s temperament predicted 16% of their attachment levels. Reactivity, sociability, rhythmicity and the linear combination of children’s reactivity, persistence, sociability and rhythmicity did not predict children’s attachment, but persistence did.
Diagnosing and Teaching Students with Social Communication Disorder in Included Classrooms
Authors: Mulrine Christopher F. , Kollia Betty
Published: June 2020

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was for many years considered to be one of five pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) as defined in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2000). These disorders included Autism, Rett Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, PDD-NOS (not otherwise specified), and Asperger’s syndrome. The 2013, fifth revision of the manual (DSM-5) presented a modification in the diagnosis for Autism Spectrum Disorder. It is now being diagnosed as an inclusive disorder of a range of symptoms or autism related symptoms from mild to severe (APA, 2013). It has dropped four of the previous diagnoses and is now only one encompassing disability called Autism Spectrum Disorder. Using the new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria some students who were previously diagnosed as having Asperger’s Syndrome do not fit the new Autism Spectrum Disorder criteria. These students might now be diagnosed with Social Communication Disorder (SCD). This diagnosis meets the symptoms presented by these individuals more appropriately. SCD describes the social difficulties and pragmatic language differences that impact comprehension, production, and awareness in conversation that are not caused by delayed cognition or other language delays.
Firefighters’ preferences regarding underwear – survey results
Authors: Bartkowiak Grażyna , Miśkiewicz Pamela
Published: June 2020

People working as firefighters are frequently exposed to heat factors such as flame or hot objects and surfaces associated with the work environment. As a result of the combination of protective clothing and physical effort in the hot microclimate, unfavorable hydrothermal conditions are formed under clothing, causing serious thermal discomfort. Improving comfort and safety of firefighters can be obtained among others through properly selected underwear clothing made from materials supporting the removal of sweat, water vapour and heat, limiting the accumulation of heat.
In order to obtain information about the clothing worn under protective clothing and underwear which is most often used and to recognize preferences and expectations in this area, a survey was carried out among firefighters who are exposed to heat factors during fire-fighting activities.
Ergonomics of work and movement disorders among dentists
Authors: Kuciel Natalia , Iwona Demszyczak , Sutkowska Edyta , Sokołowski Michał , Mazurek Justyna , Lurbiecki Jan
Published: June 2020

Dentists in the workplace are exposed to a number of factors that affect the condition of the movement system. The main problem seams to be the static nature of work due to the adoption of forced body position. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the relationship between the use of ergonomics principles in the professional work of dentists and the occurrence of motor disorders. In addition, knowledge of the principles of dental ergonomics in this group was assessed. The study was conducted among 79 dentists. The knowledge and application of the principles of ergonomics and the occurrence of ailments within the motor system were evaluated. Only 4% of dentists were taking a break from work after each patient, while 18% were working without interruption. The vast majority (84%) of dentists, while performing dental surgery, took a sitting position. More than half (54%) of dentists who participated in the study worked with assistants. Among people who experience pain in the cervical spine 54% of people worke in the position with neck inclined to the right. Most principles of ergonomics are not correct, so they should be adjusted individually to a particular dentist taking into account its physical capabilities, the geometry of the work environment, the range of activities performed, and personal preferences as well.
The Influence of Thermal Processing of Fruit and Vegetables on Their Glycaemic Index and Glycaemic Load*
Authors: Górecka Danuta , Komolka Patrycja , Dziedzic Krzysztof , Walkowiak Jarosław
Published: June 2020

Aim: Diabetes is a metabolic disease caused, among others, by malnutrition. Therefore, more attention is paid to products containing carbohydrates, as they increase the blood glucose concentration. In order to prevent type 2 diabetes and obesity, it is recommended to consume food with a low glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL). The GI value of foodstuffs is influenced by their composition, as well as physicochemical and biochemical changes occurring in raw materials during technological processes. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of technological processing on the glycaemic index and glycaemic load values of selected vegetables and fruit.
Material/Methods: The research was conducted on cruciferous vegetables, carrots, potatoes and apples. The raw materials underwent pretreatment, which included washing, peeling, shredding and thermal processing. In order to determine the glycaemic index, clinical trials were conducted on 20 healthy people of both sexes, aged 20–60 years, normal weight (BMI 18–24.5). The content of dietary fibre and its fractions was also measured in the products.
Results: The thermal treatment influenced the GI and GL values of the food products and content of dietary fibre. The highest GI and GL values were measured in the boiled and baked products, whereas the GI and GL values of the steamed foodstuffs were slightly lower.
Conclusions: The results let us conclude that adequate handling of raw materials, i.e. appropriate thermal processing, may limit the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients are advised to use steaming as the preferable method of thermal processing of foodstuffs.
Porcupine and CBP/β-catenin are the most suitable targets for the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling in colorectal carcinoma cell lines*
Authors: Kleszcz Robert , Krajka-Kuźniak Violetta , Paluszczak Jarosław
Published: June 2020

Aim: The activation of canonical Wnt pathway is etiologically associated with the development of colorectal cancers. There are many possible molecular targets for the therapeutic abrogation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The aim of this study was to select the best molecular targets for the attenuation of β-catenin-dependent gene expression in colorectal cancer cell lines.
Material/Methods: An siRNA screen was used for the selection of the best molecular targets for the down-regulation of TCF/LEF-dependent GFP expression in HCT116 cells. The level of the expression of β-catenin target genes was analyzed by qPCR. The effect of the tested chemicals on cell migration, cell cycle and apoptosis was assessed by the wound healing assay, flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide stained cells and flow cytometric analysis of the activity of caspases-3/7, respectively.
Results: Of the forty three genes which were tested in the screening stage, eight (KDM6A, KDM1A, PORCN, KDM4C, CARM1, DVL1, CBP, KMT2A) were selected as most promising. Small molecule inhibitors of these proteins (GSK-J4, GSK-LSD1, IWP-2, ML324, MS049, Dvl-PDZ Domain Inhibitor II, PRI-724, MM-102) were further used. The inhibitors of Porcupine (IWP-2) and CBP (PRI-724) were most effective in the down-regulation of the expression of β-catenin target genes and the induction of apoptosis in HCT116 cells, but showed weaker effects in DLD-1 cells.
Conclusions: The inhibition of CBP and Porcupine is the most effective in attenuating canonical Wnt signaling in colon cancer cells. Future studies should determine which factors affect the sensitivity towards these promising anti-cancer agents.
Designing and Synthesis of (Cd2+, Li+), Cr3+, Bi3+ Doped CePO4 Materials Optical, Electrochemical, Ionic Conductivity Analysis
Authors: Kouass Salah , Fadhalaoui Amor , Dhaouadi Hassouna , Touati Fathi
Published: June 2020

Most of the work has been done on the optical properties of the rare earth doped CePO4, so there are few studies on the effect of metal ion doping on CePO4. The doping improves the properties of the compounds and can lead to new properties. It is the first time, that multi- ionic doping process is used in the CePO4matrix, in order to improve the ionic conductivity and the electrochemical stability. The low percentage of (Cd2+, Li+), Cr3+, Bi3+ dopant affect the structure showing a weak decrease in the lattice parameters compared to the CePO4. Impedance spectroscopy analysis was used to analyze the electrical behavior of samples as a function of frequency at different temperatures. The total electrical conductivity plots obtained from impedance spectra shows an increase of the total conductivity as Li, Cr-content increases. The determined energy gap values decrease with increasingly Li+, Cr3+ and Bi3+ doping content. Electrochemical tests showed an improved capacity when increasing the Li+, Cr3+ and Bi3+ content and a stable cycling performance.
Strategic Role Players of Important Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens
Authors: Mujawar Shama , Abdella Bahaa , Lahiri Chandrajit
Published: June 2020

Over the years, tireless efforts of the concerned scientists have produced various new therapeutics and methods for the treatment of bacterial infections. However, despite the vast regimen of modern antibiotics being corroborated, the diseases caused by the Gram-positive and -negative pathogens has become untreatable, mainly due to the constantly evolving threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), thereby leading to huge morbidity and mortality. Moreover, shortage of efficient therapies, lack of successful prevention strategies and availability of only a few effective antibiotics urgently necessitated the development of novel therapeutics and alternative antimicrobial treatments. These developments have been based on the molecular mechanisms of resistance posed by the pathogens during their interactions with the host. Herein, we collate four essential bacterial components like chaperones, efflux pumps, two-component systems and biofilms which can present challenges for the most coveted control of infection. Essentially, we discuss the current knowledge status of these components to provide insight into the complex regulation of virulence and resistance for some medically important multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. This will help the future scientists to clearly focus on some specific proteins to be targeted by against the available class of drugs and/or antibiotics with the broader perspective to develop novel antimicrobial agents.
The Effect of Liquid Viscosity on the Rise Velocity of Taylor Bubbles in Small Diameter Bubble Column
Authors: T. Kajero Olumayowa , Abdulkadir Mukhtar , Abdulkareem Lokman , James Azzopardi Barry
Published: June 2020

The rise velocity of Taylor bubbles in small diameter bubble column was measured via cross-correlation between two planes of time-averaged void fraction data obtained from the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). This was subsequently compared with the rise velocity obtained from the high-speed camera, manual time series analysis and likewise empirical models. The inertia, viscous and gravitational forces were identified as forces, which could influence the rise velocity. Fluid flow analysis was carried out using slug Reynolds number, Froude number and inverse dimensionless viscosity, which are important dimensionless parameters influencing the rise velocity of Taylor bubbles in different liquid viscosities, with the parameters being functions of the fluid properties and column diameter. It was found that the Froude number decreases with an increase in viscosity with a variation in flow as superficial gas velocity increases with reduction in rise velocity. A dominant effect of viscous and gravitational forces over inertia forces was obtained, which showed an agreement with Stokes law, where drag force is directly proportional to viscosity. Hence, the drag force increases as viscosity increases (5 < 100 < 1000 < 5000 mPa s), leading to a decrease in the rise velocity of Taylor bubbles. It was concluded that the rise velocity of Taylor bubbles decreases with an increase in liquid viscosity and, on the other hand, increases with an increase in superficial gas velocity.
Vasculitis and Vasculopathies
Authors: Paula Urzedo Ana , Martins Manso Mariane , Macarini de Faria Thaisa
Published: June 2020

Our organism, as complex as it is, needs a giant vascular network to deliver nutrients to all cells, so vasculopathies and vasculitis are diseases present in all medical specialties. The skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue are irrigated by a vast vascular network, with cutaneous involvement related to these frequent pathologies. These can be restricted to the integumentary system or be part of systemic diseases with cutaneous manifestations, which make them of great interest to dermatologists. They can affect any caliber of vessels and present with several dermatological manifestations such as erythema, livedo reticularis, palpable purpura, nodules, ulcers, urticaria, hemorrhagic blisters, gangrene and other manifestations that can be isolated or associated with systemic signs and symptoms. However, there is no worldwide consensus regarding the classification of vasculitis, and the classification proposed in this chapter is based on the International Chapel Hill Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides 2012, which is based on the size of the vessels. The purpose of this chapter is to compile a review of the most current treatments for these conditions.
Folk-Based Outdoor Games as Means to Improve the Physical Activity and Emotional Well-Being of Pre-School Children
Authors: Leont’eva Maria , Levchenkova Tatiana
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, we will discuss outdoor games and explain the value they can have for 2–7-year-old children. An outdoor game means performing a wide range of movements, such as running, jumping, throwing a ball, etc. while following a certain set of predefined rules. It often includes some kind of spoken verse, nursery rhymes, and reference to folklore. These components define the game’s story and help the children become more engaged within the game. In Russia, kindergartens conduct specially organised classes with children, to help them develop communicative skills, memory, and creativity. These classes (games) can have a positive effect on the child in a whole range of areas: physical, intellectual, emotional and communicative. They provide a benefit to the children’s health, improve their cardiovascular/respiratory systems, strengthen the muscles and bones. In our research, we asked the teachers to observe the children’s progress when taking part in outdoor games. Changes were evaluated on the basis of the so-called “play activity organisation”. Play activity not only promotes the child’s comprehensive development but is also a good indicator of the child’s developmental age. In this chapter, we also provide examples of actual play exercises that involve phrases from folklore.
Close-Range Sensing of Alpine Glaciers
Authors: Giordan Daniele , Dematteis Niccolò , Troilo Fabrizio , Segor Valerio , Godone Danilo
Published: June 2020

Glacial processes can have a strong impact on human activities in terms of hazards and freshwater supply. Therefore, scientific observation is fundamental to understand their current state and possible evolution. To achieve this aim, various monitoring systems have been developed in the last decades to monitor different geophysical and geochemical properties. In this manuscript, we describe examples of close-range monitoring sensors to measure the glacier dynamics: (i) terrestrial interferometric radar, (ii) monoscopic time-lapse camera, (iii) total station, (iv) laser scanner, (v) ground-penetrating radar and (vi) structure form motion. We present the monitoring applications in the Planpincieux and Grandes Jorasses glaciers, which are located in the touristic area of the Italian side of the Mont Blanc massif. In recent years, the Planpincieux-Grandes Jorasses complex has become an open-air research laboratory of glacial monitoring techniques. Many close-range surveys have been conducted in this environment and a permanent network of monitoring systems that measures glacier surface deformation is presently active.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O USO DO FACEBOOK E AS REDES SOCIOMÉTRICAS DO PSICODRAMA
Authors: Maria Sobrinho Elizabele , Cristina Antunes Maria
Published: June 2020

Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar o ciberespaço como um fenômeno social, verificando possíveis interlocuções entre o uso da rede social Facebook com as Redes Sociométricas do Psicodrama. No século XXI, as relações mediadas pelo computador ganham cada vez mais adeptos e a maior parte dessa navegação é feita em plataformas de redes sociais, sendo o Facebook, o site mais utilizado atualmente pelos brasileiros. Esta modalidade de relacionamento virtual mudou significativamente a forma como as pessoas se relacionam e interagem. Para o psicodrama, toda relação interpessoal acontece por intermédio dos papéis, que influenciam o ambiente e a cultura. As comunidades virtuais são permeadas por interesses comuns, afinidades, paixões e conflitos, tal como as redes sociométricas. Nas redes virtuais, as pessoas podem fazer suas escolhas de amizades a partir de três modos, conforme a teoria psicodramática: atração (afinidade), rejeição (distância) e neutralidade. As redes sociométricas configuram-se a partir dos entrelaçamentos dos vínculos e são compostas por diversos átomos sociais, formando uma rede de sociabilidades. As redes virtuais são uma expressão das redes sociométricas, e a maneira como a pessoa utiliza este dispositivo tecnológico e estabelece as suas relações no ambiente virtual terá um impacto no seu capital social.
Decision making in adolescents: a multifaceted construct
Authors: Loureiro Rubens José
Published: June 2020

Judging to make a decision amidst several possibilities that   rise to risks, losses, gains and uncertainties is not a simple matter. In this process, the subject needs to verify the situation considering the alternatives that are made up of several elements, among them, the analysis of how much this decision will cost and what benefit it will have in response, and what the consequences will be in the long, medium and short term. In this sense, decision-making is associated with the deliberative and affective process that relates to multiple variables that are interconnected with the flow of information assimilated by the agent who is responsible for the judgment and the decision. This process is interdependent on the subject's structure with external stimuli. Thus, the individual's forces and social pressure are important elements to be considered for decision making. For the adolescent, this issue becomes even more important, as it is a phase of human development in which the person exhibits behaviors of risk and during this stage of life there is a process of maturation of the central nervous system, which are related to decision-making and motivational processes. Therefore, decision making among adolescents is a complex issue that in addition to biological factors are directly related to social and psychological elements, depends on a maturity in development, but can be impaired if stressful situations are constant stimuli in the lives of adolescents.
New trends in instruments for child development screening in Brazil: a systematic review
Authors: Albuquerque Karolina Alves de , Cunha Ana Cristina Barros da
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Screening instruments are widely used to monitor child development. The accurate use of standardized tools is an indispensable condition for clinical practice and research aimed at detecting developmental risks and other problems in children.
Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the use of standardized tools for child development screening used in studies with Brazilian children.
Methods: Two independent researchers selected references in English and Portuguese from five databases through which they searched for studies that used screening tests to assess the development of Brazilian children. All articles were read to determine the main objective, design, target population, the type of screening test, and the purpose of using the test with Brazilian children.
Results: Among the 27 papers analyzed, most of them was observational studies conducted with children up to six years of age, with the main objective to screen development delays and analyze associations between risks and child development. Four instruments were identified: Denver Developmental Screening Test II, Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Screening Test, and Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test. Three of these tests have been validated for use in Brazil.
Conclusion: This review suggests that the screening instruments have been used in research for different purposes, such as in the diagnosis of developmental problems, and sometimes inappropriately. Furthermore, studies to validate measures for screening and assessing the development of Brazilian children are still scarce and, therefore, deserve more attention.
The use of surface electromiography as a measure of physiotherapy outcomes in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Schmidt Bruna Garcia , Gerzson Laís Rodrigues , Almeida Carla Skilhan de
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability in childhood. Physical therapy plays a central role in managing the treatment of disease sequelae. However, it is always a challenge to quantify the results obtained in physical therapy interventions. Thus, surface electromyography has been increasingly used by physiotherapists because it is a quantitative method of evaluation and treatment of neuromuscular system dysfunctions.
Objective: To analyze the use of surface electromyography as a physical therapy outcome measure in children with cerebral palsy.
Methods: From the search in two important databases, clinical trials of physical therapy interventions that used surface electromyography as a physiotherapy outcome factor in children with cerebral palsy, published in Portuguese, English, French or Spanish until August 2019, were selected.
Results: A total of 166 articles were found in the databases searched. Of these, only 15 were included and classified with good methodological quality by PEDro and because they were related to surface electromyography. A flowchart with standardization of actions was built taking into account the most prevalent findings in the studies.
Conclusion: Surface electromyography has been applied by physiotherapists to evaluate the effects of the intervention, but it is necessary to improve its level of evidence.
Social representations of the internet for the elderly
Authors: Castro Amanda , Vitali Marieli Mezari , Bousfield Andréa Barbará S , Camargo Brigido Vizeu
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Increase in Internet access by elderly people is a consequence of population ageing, even though a long way still lies ahead for their digital inclusion.
Objective: To describe the social representations of Internet among the elderly  and to compare objectification and anchoring processes of elderly people with different levels in Internet usage.
Methods: Qualitative and quantitative study, with descriptive and comparative design, involving forty participants. Data collection occurred through  different tools as follows: 1) associative network, analyzed by EVOC2000 and calculation of polarity 2) semi-structured interview, analyzed by Descending Hierarchical Classification with IRaMuTeQ and  content analysis by Atlas TI and  3) characterization questionnaire and evaluation scale for digital inclusion level,   with  descriptive statistical analysis by SPSS software.
Results: Associative network analyzed 78 words and their polarity was slightly positive. Descending Hierarchical Classification analyzed 89.51% of the corpus, divided into three segments: Internet danger, difficulties in usage v. Internet options and practices; content analysis divided 505 occurrences into three categories: image, attitude and information.
Conclusion: Representations of elderly people with the highest use of Internet were undertaken by accessing hardware, apps and sites, anchored on an idea of the Internet as a means of retrieving information, leisure and interaction. Representations of the elderly with the lowest level of experience were undertaken by computer, based on a sociological perspective and marked by unfavorable attitudes.
The effects of aerobic exercise on biochemical parameters in individuals with CKD on hemodialysis: A longitudinal study
Authors: Oliveira Fabiano Santana de , Morais Mauro José de Deus , Abreu Luiz Carlos de , Pérez-Riera Andrés Ricardo , Valenti Vitor E. , Paiva Laércio da Silva , Raimundo Rodrigo Daminello
Published: June 2020

Background: Chronic kidney disease is directly related to cardiovascular disorders. Guided physical exercises significantly improve the adverse effects of dialytic treatment.
Objective: To analyze changes in biochemical parameters of subjects with chronic kidney disease undergoing moderate exercise during hemodialysis.
Methods: This is an experimental study composed of 54 subjects submitted to hemodialysis, split into a control group and a group with intervention. The experimental group underwent three weekly sessions of aerobic exercise, performed during hemodialysis sessions, with a duration of 30 minutes, for 12 weeks. The blood parameters of both groups were compared.
Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between pre (p=0.001) and post-exercise protocol for urea (p=0.006), calcium (p=0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p=0.020) and sodium (p=<0.001). In the control group, we observed significant differences for the calcium variable (p<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p=0.024), hematocrit (p=0.015), calcium vs phosphorus (p=0.018), and sodium (p=0.023), before and after the period.
Conclusion: Aerobic training during hemodialysis was able to maintain blood level stability in patients with chronic kidney disease, both during and at the end of the protocol, even considering increased blood flow. This trial is registered in the Brazilian registry of clinical Trials - number RBR-7354r6. Registration date: July 5, 2018 at 12:59 PM. Last Update: July 24, 2018 at 10:24 AM. Identification of the test - UTN Number: U1111-1216-8272.
Overweight and obesity: prevalence in children and adolescents in Northern Brazil
Authors: Farias Edson dos Santos , Moreira Katia Fernanda Alves , Santos Josivana Pontes dos , Gemelli Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos , Costa Gean Magalhães da , Souza Orivaldo Florêncio de
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease with a multifactorial etiology, brought about by a set of genetic, environmental and psychological factors. This may generate comorbidities that affect the quality of life and involve other risks to health.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children and adolescents in Porto Velho - Rondônia, Brazil in the period  2013-2016.
Methods: This study included 4165 schoolchildren aged 9 to 18 years. The students were classified as overweight and obese, according to the z score of the body mass index (BMI) for age and calculated according the WHO AnthroPlus program. Subsequently, BMI for age was categorized according to the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007): overweight (? score z +1 ? z + 2) and obese (? score z +2). Prevalence calculations were performed using the SPSS version 20.0 program.  
Results: Overall, the prevalence of overweight was 27.1%, being overweight 18.8% and obese 8.3%, in private schools 21.4% and 9.8%, public schools 17.0% and 7.2% respectively. The east zone predominated in both education networks 18.8% and 8.3% respectively. In males, the highest prevalence was at nine years old, 30.7% and 23.0%, and female, 24.3% and 13.8%.
Conclusion: The magnitude of the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high and worrying among schoolchildren and adolescents in the city of Porto Velho, which demonstrates the need for public health actions aimed at the family unit, regardless of the social segment.
Effects of inspiratory muscle training and breathing exercises in children with asthma: a systematic review
Authors: Castilho Tayná , Itaborahy Bianca Dana Horongozo , Hoepers Andreza , Brito Joyce Nolasco de , Almeida Ana Carolina da S. , Schivinski Camila Isabel Santos
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Asthma is characterized by a narrowing and inflammation of the bronchi, with symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue and exercise limitation. Physical therapy includes inspiratory muscle training and breathing exercises, given that an increase in inspiratory muscle strength and resistance can improve the symptoms of the disease.
Objective: To describe the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and breathing exercises in children with asthma.
Methods: This is a systematic review of the literature using the Cochrane, PubMed Scopus e Web of Science databases. The following descriptors were used: asthma, inspiratory muscle training, breathing exercises and child in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Two independent evaluators screened studies that used breathing exercises and IMT in children with asthma.
Results: Of a total of 312 titles, eight studies were included, of which six are randomized clinical trials and two are observational studies All the studies included breathing exercises, with the objective of adjusting breathing patterns and pulmonary ventilation, reducing pulmonary hyperinflation, bronchospasm and sensation of dyspnea. However, as these exercises were not performed solely, the effects of this intervention could not be verified. Two studies performed IMT and showed an increase in maximal respiratory pressure.
Conclusion: Breathing exercises are widely used in clinical practice as part of the management of asthma in children; however it is not possible to measure the effects in this population. IMT seems to improve inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength, but its indication in the pediatric population is not a standard procedure.
Self- Reported morbidity in adults: population survey in Rio Branco, Brazil, 2007 – 2008
Authors: Bezerra Polyana Caroline de Lima , Opitz Simone Perufo , Koifman Rosalina Jorge , Monteiro Gina Torres Rego , Muniz Pascoal de Torres
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Epidemiological data allow to know the needs of the communities and can provide subsidies for planning and actions in the health services, hence,  it is necessary to investigate illness and chronic non-communicable diseases in the population of interest.
Objective: The objectives of this study are to describe and verify the association between the most prevalent self-reported morbidities in adults regarding the characteristics: socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle. 
Methods: This is a population-based survey conducted with adults (?18 years of age), living in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil, during the period 2007/2008. The sample consisted of 1516 individuals, from a probabilistic sampling in two stages of a draw.
Results: The most prevalent self-reported morbidity was spine/back disease with a percentage of 30.8%, followed by hypertension (28.3%), malaria (28.3%) and depression (18.7%). Regarding socioeconomic and demographic aspects, the most prevalent characteristics were: female gender and low level of formal education, with statistical significance. As for life habits, the most common characteristics with statistical significance were: smoking and physical inactivity.
Conclusion: In view of the scarcity of studies of this nature in the North region of Brazil, and especially in the State of Acre, the results regarding the most prevalent self-reported morbidities in the adult population of Rio Branco are of fundamental importance, to alert researchers and health professionals. This contributes to a better adaptation and/or implementation of public strategies for promotion, protection and health assistance.
Lipid profile in people with Down Syndrome: a literature review
Authors: Almeida Eloise Werle de , Greguol Márcia
Published: June 2020

People with Down syndrome (DS) may present changes in the lipid profile. The objective of this research was to collect data from the literature on the lipid profile and the effect of exercise on this variable of people with DS.  Five databases were searched (MedLine, Lilacs, EBSCO Host, Web of Science and PsycInfo) using terms related to the research objectives. At the end of the searches, 15 articles were included in the review. Five studies verified changes in the lipid profile and high incidence of dyslipidemias, with the most frequent changes being low HDL and elevated triglycerides. Two studies investigated the effect of intervention with exercise and counseling for health-friendly practices and found improvement mainly in HDL after the intervention period. Thus, the lipid profile should be investigated in people with DS and the practice of physical exercises can be used to control these variables.
Efficient Management of Farm Resources and Food Consumption Level of Pond Fishers in North-Central Bangladesh
Authors: Quddus Md. Abdul , Rahman Khondakar Md. Mostafizur , Sen Shishir Kumar , Shama Md. Abu
Published: June 2020

Aims: The study was conducted to assess the efficient management of farm resources of pond fish farmers and level of their household food consumption in order to deal with sustainable development of pond culture system and food security issue.

Study Design: Three unions out of 9 in Melandah upazila of Jamalpur district were selected, as a large number of ponds are available. Sixty fish farmers were randomly selected from the population of 200.  Data were collected using a structured questionnaire during January to March 2017.

Methods: Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function and technical inefficiency effect model were used to assess efficient management of farm resources. Also, multiple regression models in double-log forms were employed to determine the factors influencing households’ per capita food consumption, calorie intake and protein intake.

Results: Gross return and net profit were $8,081 and $2,262 respectively and cost benefit ratio was 1.39. Technical inefficiency estimates show that farmers’ education (0.0009) and training (0.0042) had insignificant but positive sign for fish production. Experience (-0.0083) and culture period (-0.0054) had significant and negative sign and age of farmers has insignificant negative sign indicated that technical efficiency increased with the increase in experience and fish culture period. The mean efficiency was 0.92 in fish farming indicates 8% of fish production could be increased with the existing resources and available technology. Per capita per day food consumption was 1288.36 g, calorie intake 2592.23 k. calorie and protein intake 84.27 gram.

Conclusion: A linkage between Upazila Fisheries Officer, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, fisheries extension workers and pond fish farmers should be established. Calorie and protein intake of the farm households is higher due to increase of food sufficiency of the country and buying capacity of the farmers but the nutritional wellbeing of them is still low.