bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catch and characteristics of Decapterus sp. fishing areas in The Southern Waters of East Java - Bali
Authors: Syah A F , Laksani M R T , Hatmaja R B , Nisa Z , Affandi R
Published: September 2024

One of the essential potential resources of small pelagic fish to the livelihood of fishermen is Decapterus sp. The purpose of this study was to examine the catch and features of the Decapterus sp fishing region in Indian Ocean waters from East Java to Bali. The fisheries data for Decapterus sp during 2019 - 2021 were provided by Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia. The chl-a, and SST data were downloaded from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (https://marine.copernicus.eu/). The fisheries and environmental data were then grouped by season. The results showed that the highest catch per unit efforts (CPUE) value occurred during transition 2 season with value of 2.89 followed by west season with value of 2.65. The smallest value of CPUE occurred during transition 1 (1.98). In general, most of Decapterus sp were caught in SST range between 27 – 29°C and chl-a range between 0.1 – 0.3 mg/m3. These results can be used as a basis for management of Decapterus sp especially in southern waters of East Java - Bali.
The Effect Of Stocking Densities On Growth And Survival Rate Of Thai Mahseer (Tor Tambroides) During Nursery Stage.
Authors: Indra A N , Dewi N N , Mahasri G , Rahardja B S , Arifin O Z
Published: September 2024

Tor Fish are freshwater fisheries resources that have the potential to be found in Indonesia. Tor fish has been in high demand among entrepreneurs and the broader public. Tor tambroides (Sapan fish or Thai mahseer fish seed fish), Tor douronensis (Semah or Garing fish), Tor soro (Soro, Lempon, or Dewa fish), and Tor tambra are the four kinds of Tor fish native to Indonesia. Tor fish is a native indigenous freshwater fish from Indonesia that is on the verge of extinction. The Tor tambroides fish population in nature has declined and is on the verge of extinction as a result of widespread poaching for eating and trade as an ornamental fish. Thai mahseer fish seed fish cultivation activities include hatchery, nursery and enlargement. To protect populations of Thai mahseer fish seed fish from scarcity, Thai mahseer fish seed fish cultivation needs to do to prevent the scarcity of Thai mahseer fish seed fish in their natural habitat and Thai mahseer fish seed fish have high potential as freshwater fish in the aquaculture sector. This research aims to determine the impact of various stocking densities on growth and survival rates for Thai mahseer fish seeds, as well as the optimal density to support growth and survival rates. The study used a Random Design Complete (RDC) with four treatments and five replications. Feeding was provided ad libitum in the morning and evening. Given differences in the stocking density of Thai mahseer fish seeds, the results revealed a significant impact on all treatments. Treatment 1 had the greatest daily growth rate with a stocking density of 2 seeds/L and a yield of 0.015±0.003; specific growth rate. The highest absolute weight growth obtained was in Treatment 1 with a yield of 1.01gr; the highest absolute length growth obtained was in Treatment 1 with a yield of 2.9cm; and the highest survival rate for Thai mahseer fish seeds was obtained in Treatment 1 with a yield of 80%.
Correlation analysis of distribution channels with organoleptic quality of fresh milkfish (Chanos chanos) (case study at UPT Pasar Baru Gresik)
Authors: Fitriyansyah M R , Sahidu A M , Rahardja B S
Published: September 2024

Milkfish is a perishable food. Effective distribution management is needed to maintain the quality of fresh fish reaching consumers. The existence of markets has a very important function in the distribution of fresh fish. UPT Pasar Baru Gresik is one of the semi-modern traditional markets in Gresik Regency. The aim of this research is to determine the distribution channels for milkfish at UPT Pasar Baru Gresik and its correlation with the organoleptic quality of milkfish freshness. This research method is a case study. Data analysis of organoleptic testing results used the Kruskal-Wallis test method and the Mann-Whitney advanced test method as well as the Spearman’s rho correlation test and simple linear regression to determine the relationship between distribution channels and the organoleptic quality of milkfish. The results of the research show that the distribution channel and the organoleptic quality of milkfish show a negative correlation with a correlation coefficient value of -0.481, which means a moderate or sufficient correlation with an amount of 23.8%. The best organoleptic test results were milkfish which came from a single-level distribution channel with a value that met the minimum standard for fresh fish according to SNI, namely 7.0.
The effect of blood meal to induce aquaculture performance of striped catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878)
Authors: Hudaidah S , Santoso L , Varisco M D , Santanumurti M B
Published: September 2024

The high price of fish meal as feed is the main problem in cultivating striped catfish. The use of blood meal, waste from slaughterhouses, can be an alternative to improve aquaculture performance while reducing feed costs. This research aimed to determine the effect of using blood meal as a source of feed protein on the growth performance of striped catfish. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and three replications. The treatments used were A (blood meal 0%, fish meal 100%) as control, B (blood meal 25%, fish meal 75%), C (blood meal 50%, fish meal 50%), D (blood meal 75%, fish meal 25%), and E (blood meal 100%, fish meal 0%). The results showed that the average body weight and specific growth in treatments B (8.25 ± 0.63b g, 3.51 ± 0.13b %/day) and C (8.26 ± 0.73b g, 3.52 ± 0.14b %/day) had the same performance as the control. It is concluded that blood meal can be substituted and combined with fish flour with a maximum composition of 50% to improve the performance of striped catfish aquaculture. Further research to increase the nutrition of blood meal must be conducted to improve the aquaculture performance of striped catfish.
Histology of skin, gill, liver, and kidney of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed by azo dyes acid red 88.
Authors: Triastuti Juni , Luthfiyah Lailatul , Satriya Mutia Ganis Rahma Istimasita
Published: September 2024

Coloring is one of the main process in textile production. Using azo dyes type are the first pick of textile industries. Therefore, the disposal of dye waste containing high levels of azo can increase the toxicity level also impact the fish. Acid Red 88 is an azo type dye which provides a red color as the basic color for coloring textile products. Acid Red 88 are left behind as much as 60% of textile waste. the textile factories wastewater in Indonesia contains an average of 750 mg/L suspended solids. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of azo dye Acid Red 88 exposure to tilapia by the histology of its skin, gills, liver and kidneys. The method used was experimental method with 4 different exposure concentrations of Acid Red 88 P0 (0 mg/L), P1 (75 mg/L), P2 (150 mg/L), P3 (225 mg/L), and P4 (300 mg/L). The damage is identified on the histology of the organs and then measured using a scoring method. The results showed that several damages were found such as epithelial erosion, edema, hyperplasia, telangectasis, hemorage, fatty degeneration, congestion and necrosis.
Improving Bioelectricity by Optimizing the Use of Electrodes in Photosynthetic Microbial Fuel Cells Based on the Algae Scenedesmus sp. and Shrimp Cultivation Waste
Authors: Sa’diya Lailatus , Khansa Amatul Firdausy , Darsono Andarista Putri , Munawar Nurul , Abdillah Sulthon Yusuf , Mubarak Ahmad Shofy , Dewi Nina Nurmalia
Published: September 2024

Rapid economic growth and increasing electrical energy consumption have raised significant challenges to the provision of sustainable electrical energy. This research aims to examine the effect of variations in the population density of microalgae and the type of electrode (graphite and nickel) on the electrical voltage produced. This research was carried out experimentally using a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 repetitions. Electrical voltage data was taken every 60 minutes for 12 hours (6 hours of light and 6 hours of dark) for all treatments. The results showed that the use of different types of electrodes in the PMFC circuit did not affect the electrical voltage produced because both electrodes produced voltage electricity with a difference that is not much different, namely for graphite electrodes between 38.1 mV – 135.6 mV in the light phase and between 16.7 mV – 144.1 mV in the dark phase, while for nickel electrodes it is between 18.2 mV – 135.4 mV in the light phase and between 18.3 mV – 156 mV in the dark phase. Variations in population density of the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. used in the PMFC circuit have a significant effect (P<0.05) on the electrical voltage produced, namely in the light phase of treatment (P4) 2×107 it is 131.53 ± 25.12 mV for graphite electrodes and 137.90 ± 17.26 mV for nickel electrodes, while in the dark phase treatment (P3) 2×106 it was 168.70 ± 18.55 mV for graphite electrodes and 139.70 ± 27.35 mV for nickel electrodes.
The effect of different salt concentration in physical nature preparation of face scrub gel Caulerpa racemosa
Authors: Hurisyahrani R N , Alamsjah M A , Pujiastuti D Y
Published: September 2024

Facial skin that is often exposed to sunlight can experience a disturbance in the balance of the skin so that the skin’s moisture decreases and the skin becomes dry and dull and there is an accumulation of dead skin cells. Therefore, a treatment is needed to get healthy facial skin by using cosmetic preparations such as face scrubs as exfoliate cleansers. The use of Caulerpa racemosa seaweed in face scrub gel preparations is used as a producer of agar which acts as a gel former in face scrub gel preparations and the use of salt as a scrub which removes dead skin cells (exfoliating). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding salt on the physical properties of the Caulerpa racemosa face scrub gel preparation. The results of the research that has been done shows that salt has a significant effect (p <0.05) on the physical properties of the Caulerpa racemosa face scrub gel preparation. Appearance of the Caulerpa racemosa face scrub gel for each homogeneous treatment. Specific gravity and viscosity values are close to SNI standards. The face scrub gel has a pH of 6 and does not cause irritation and based on appearance, smell and color parameters it shows the best results by adding 30% salt to the Caulerpa racemosa face scrub gel.
Proximate and Organoleptic Analysis on Campor Lorjuk (Solen sp) seasoning, a typical Madura Ingredient
Authors: Jannah A Z , Siswanto A D , Pratiwi W S W , Ramadhani A R , Efendy M , Kartika A G D , Nuzula N I , Asih E N N
Published: September 2024

Rich mineral sea salt is salt with a low NaCl content. The low NaCl content in salt indicates that the salt has a high mineral content. The minerals contained such as magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, and other minerals. This research combined rich minerals sea salt with typical Madurese food named campor lorjuk seasoning and dried lorjuk as additional nutrition. Lorjuk in Madurese or better known as knife clams is a type of shellfish that has high nutritional value. The treatment applied to the Campor Lorjuk seasoning formulations was the difference in NaCl content for each formula. This research was conducted to determine the proximate content and to find out the seasoning results those consumers like most. The results showed that the highest protein content was in F1 with results of 7.62%, not significantly different from F3 but significantly different from control and F2. The highest water and ash contents were control which was not significantly different from F1, F2, and F3. The highest fat content was F2 and the lowest is control. The highest carbohydrate content is in control formula 68.35%, the lowest is F1 63.66%. The organoleptic test show that the formula that consumers like most is F3.
Growth of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Infested with Extracts of Ectoparasites Chlorella vulgaris as an Immunostimulant
Authors: Astuti Endang Puji , Fauziah Naila Nur , Aisyah Dwi Cahya Wening DJ. , Mahasri Gunanti
Published: September 2024

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has a high market demand, encouraging production to minimize stress, water quality degradation and disease attack. Ectoparasite attacks come from the genera Epistylis, Zoothamnium, and Vorticella. Body defense through immunostimulants from Chlorella vulgaris extract which has bioactive compounds, vitamins and proteins. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of giving Chlorella vulgaris extract with different doses and length of maintenance, as well as the interaction of Chlorella vulgaris as an immunostimulant on the growth of vaname shrimp infested with ectoparasites. The research method used a complete randomized experimental design with a factorial pattern consisting of factor A, the dose of Chlorella vulgaris extract, namely without giving Chlorella vulgaris extract (A0), 400 mg/kg (A1), 800 mg/kg (A2), 1200 mg/kg (A3) and factor B, the length of shrimp rearing, namely 0 days (B1), 7 days (B2), 14 days (B3), 21 days (B4), 28 days (B5). This study uses three variables, namely independent variables administration of Chlorella vulgaris Extract and length of maintenance, bound variables Survival (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Absolute Growth (GR) and Absolute Growth (GR), and control variables water quality (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and ammonia). The results of the study at dose A2 with length of rearing B5 gave a real effect (p<0.05) on the growth of vaname shrimp infested with ectoparasites, namely survival (50%), specific growth rate (4,17%), and absolute growth (weight (1,39 grams), length (1,10 cm)).
A study on the influence of utilizing hydrogen at fuelling spark ignition engines
Authors: Georgescu R , Pană C , Negurescu N , Cernat A , Nuțu C , Sandu C
Published: September 2024

In the last 30 years, remarkable progress has been made in reducing pollutant emissions and fuel consumption in conventional internal combustion engines. Active and passive methods of reducing exhaust emissions have caused them to decrease significantly over the level of the 1980s. However, the problems of air pollution and the greenhouse effect are far from being solved. International organizations and institutions are pushing for measures to reduce emissions, especially the implementation of “zero-emission” (ZEV) vehicles. Due to its excellent combustion properties and the very low pollutant emissions resulting from its combustion, hydrogen is seen as an alternative fuel of the future. Hydrogen can be used as a fuel in two ways: in internal combustion piston engines or in fuel cells. Research into the use of hydrogen as a fuel for spark ignition engines is divided into two directions: additive fuel or a total gasoline substitution with hydrogen. Compared to the gasoline-powered engine, the fully hydrogen-powered engine runs more economically at low loads but it can create a decrease of performance at high loads due to the high volumes of space needed in the combustion chamber. Because of the very low density, high volumes of hydrogen are difficult to storage, requiring also high pressure, so running only on hydrogen wouldn’t be practical. Combining the advantages of the two fuels came the use of gasoline with addition of hydrogen. An important aspect is that emissions are significantly reduced due to the very good combustion properties of hydrogen and the high diffusivity that helps to form a homogeneous mixture. This paper presents aspects of fuelling a spark ignition engine with gasoline and hydrogen. The influence of hydrogen on the cylinder mixture, on the energy and emissions of the engine is analysed. We will focus on: engine power, fuel consumption, the level of pollutant emissions and greenhouse gases, at the studied regimes.
The effects of water injection inside an internal combustion engine regarding NOx emissions
Authors: Borborean A T , Stoica V , Llelea D
Published: September 2024

In this paper we present the influence of water injection on NOx emissions and the performance of a gasoline engine subjected under light to medium loads. The test bench used for measurements has a 4-cylinder, 1.6-liter engine and operates with a wasted spark configuration. Water is injected upstream of the throttle valve through a single injector mounted in the intake runner. The injection timing and amount of water injected inside the engine have been controlled by NI CompactRIO hardware device by the aid of an in-house algorithm implemented in LabView. Water is injected twice at each rotation of the crankshaft in order to have water in all cylinders. The injection of water is done at a fix angle, one time at 0°CA and the other at 360°CA, only the amount is varied from 10% to 45% of the total fuel fraction injected. The results showed that at an amount of water of about 25% of the total fraction of fuel injected, it produced a considerable decrease in NOx emissions, while keeping engine performance unchanged.
The study on the engine pressure variation of utilizing n-butanol-gasoline blends at fueling spark ignition engines
Authors: Sandu Cr , Pană C , Negurescu N , Cernat Al , Nuțu Cr , Georgescu R
Published: September 2024

Alternative fuel solutions are highly regarded as potential solutions to more emissions regulation as well as more efficient energetic consumption requirements. The more efficient combustion engines become, the lesser resources they require to propel vehicles thus resulting in lower carbon footprint and lower pollutants such as CO, HC and NOx. Alcohols are promising alternative fuels that can be used to fuel vehicles, on their own or in blends with conventional fuels such as gasoline and diesel. A lot of studies have been done on alcohols such as ethanol, butanol and methanol. Each of the mentioned solutions have their advantages and disadvantages. Butanol looks a promising solution due to its high miscibility properties making it possible to blend in higher percentages with other fuels such as gasoline for example. Compared to ethanol, butanol is also less corrosive, making it ideal for older vehicles as well without any modifications to the fuel systems. Many studies have shown that the high oxygen content of butanol can help improve the combustion process in spark ignition engines, may improve thermal efficiency resulting in lower emissions and better overall engine stability. An improved engine stability can be measured by a lower variability between engine cycles during engine functioning. The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of fueling a spark ignition engine with a blend of 15% vol. n-butanol – 85% vol. gasoline on pressure variability and combustion. No engine adjustments/optimizations are done at fueling with the blended fuel vs pure gasoline. The baseline was set at an engine speed of 2500 min-1 and load of 55% while fueling with pure gasoline. After setting the baseline, the same measurements are done at fueling with the blended fuel.
Comparative dynamic analysis for a ventilated brake disk
Authors: Vieru I , Boroiu A A , Nicolae V , Marinescu D G
Published: September 2024

The paper presents a comprehensive dynamic analysis of the ventilated brake disc that fitted on the braking system of a car. There were taken into account several variants of material for the brake disc, determining the own modes of vibrations and also there was performed a frequency response calculation that allows us to estimate the dynamic behavior of the constructive variants, with direct influences on the noises and vibration (NVH).

The analysis of the frequency response consists in the validation of the structures in relation to a vibration level in order not to ensure that the frequency response is not too high during a forced stress. Thus was calculated the inertia that characterizes the dynamic rigidity of the analyzed models at certain points, according to the specified directions.

The finite element method was used as the calculation method, and CATIA V5 was used as the application, both for modeling and analysis. The CATIA application is an easy environment and already familiar to designers, so it can be used successfully in making preliminary calculations on estimating dynamic behavior in some models used in new projects.
Implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) in Steer-by-Wire Systems for Future Automated Vehicles
Authors: Changoski V , Vasileva A , Jakimovska K , Danev D
Published: September 2024

The need for future green sustainable transportation represents a motivation for the researchers in order to create a better society. In this paper a proposed Steer-by-Wire system for future automated vehicles is analysed by implementing model predictive control (MPC) controller that would optimise the desired behaviour of the vehicle. By using MATLAB/Simulink, a bicycle vehicle model is simulated in standardised test manoeuvres according to standard ISO:7401. These results are used as referent data for the desired trajectory of the vehicle and as input data for the MPC controller. The idea of using these results for the controller is generated by the desire of creating a shared information intelligent systems. Shared information and control in the future intelligent systems would be crucial for creating the desired sustainable transport. By traveling, the vehicle would collect data of the desired measured variables and those data would be send to every other vehicle. Therefore, the next vehicle would possess the previous data and would try to improve the vehicle response and safety. Every optimised trajectory would be shared with the rest of the vehicles and this cycle would result in further optimization and in creation of a safer, more comfortable and more sustainable transport. The optimisation is done by the MPC controller which is responsible for defining the steering wheel angle and therefore creating the Steer-by-Wire system that is entirely defined by the MPC controller without driver commands. By comparing the trajectory of the automated vehicle and the desired trajectory gained from the previous simulations, the desired steering wheel angle is defined. This results in creation of a Steer-by-Wire system that improves the vehicle dynamics, safety and dynamic response of the vehicle. The mathematical modelling, results of the simulations and advantages of using the MPC controller for the Steer-by-Wire system in automated vehicle are presented.
Artificial Intelligence Supporting Early Automotive Engineering Processes
Authors: Kreis A , Hirz M
Published: September 2024

Due to progressive increase of complexity, the automotive industry is subject to constantly changing trends varying from the introduction of greener products and components to the deployment of technological advances in development and engineering processes. In relation to both, sustainable automotive products as well as the deployment of technological advances, the integration of AI (Artificial Intelligence) approaches in combination with virtual products in automotive development and engineering processes is of great importance. In combination with knowledge-based CAx (Computer-Aided engineering), the integration of AI approaches delivers an enormous potential to enhance automotive development processes. In addition to process optimizations, the integration of various AI approaches considers sustainability (e.g., optimization of component geometries and materials, reduction of emissions over the entire life cycle, CO2 reduction through improved development) and economical aspects (e.g., resources savings throughout the entire development process, time and cost savings through earlier error detection, avoidance of unnecessary process steps). The present approach deals with the integration of AI and knowledge-based engineering methods in the early phases of automotive development and engineering processes. Furthermore, the paper points to the time, cost and resources reduction potential, leading to earlier market entries and a greener industry. Finally, the paper demonstrates the integration of AI technologies into industrial development and engineering processes based on selected application scenarios.
Topology optimization with the redesigned suspension system of the internal combustion vehicle converted to an electrical vehicle
Authors: Dikmen H A , Deryal U , Yağli G , Günenç Ş
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the topology optimization of lower wishbone for a passenger car which is the converted of an internal combustion engine vehicle to an electrical vehicle was presented. On the other hand, the need to study on a suspension system arose for electrical car that was redesigned. In study, topology optimization of the structural design of the lower wishbone to be used in the front suspension was carried out by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Method. For this purpose, firstly, the suspension spring curves and damper curves that will improve the handling, ride and comfort behaviour of the vehicle were determined, suspension system was modelled with the Multi Body Dynamics (MBD) approach. Hardpoints is necessary for vehicle dynamics and that is also an input for FEA were obtained from new suspension system via MBD analysis. In the second step, The preliminary design of the lower wishbone was created, taking into account together with the positions of the wheel drive shaft, suspension spring and brake system structural elements according to hardpoints. After designing the structure suitable for the joint types, initial design was studied on the remaining region that is for weight reduction region except the joint connection surfaces. Then, topology optimization was applied to the preliminary design for the selected load types that is come from MBD analysis. Thus, the excess volume on the preliminary design was determined for each load type. In the last stage, the results of topology optimization analysis were evaluated to reach out target weight and the producible design of the wishbone was made. Finally, Finite Element Analysis were applied to the final design for validation purposes within topology optimization work was done with the forces coming from Multi Body Dynamics. After statically solved Finite Element Analysis, a modal neutral file(.mnf) was created via FEA solver and was integrated to Adams Car as a flexbody. Flexbody was attahced to the other parts which are rigid bodies like nuckle according to Multi Body Dynamics approach. Dynamics durability cases was carried out via Adams Car. Stress results was compared to FEA results and evaluated depends on yield stress. Study results shows that the new design is lighter and competitive design and also safe in dynamics analysis for redesigned passenger car.
Comparative analysis of the manufacturing processes for 316L material
Authors: Sandu I A , Badea A G , Tabacu S
Published: September 2024

The present work focuses on the investigation of a comparative analysis of the manufacturing processes for 316L material. It aims to highlighting the advantages but also the disadvantages offered by conventional and additional manufacturing methods. This analysis was developed for the austenitic material, stainless steel 316L (1.4404). Due to its properties, this material is used in an ample range of applications spread across various industries (automotive, medicine and medical devices, chemical, biomedical) by using the additive manufacturing techniques (AM).
Geometrical optimization and evaluation of the bridge safety guardrail
Authors: Ghereş M I , Cordoş N , Todoruț A
Published: September 2024

Lately, the rapid growth of traffic led to the construction of a new freeway bridge to ease the road congestion. This paper studied the crash behaviour of steel guardrails for semi-heavy traffic roads used on bridges. The guardrail structure is tested according to the SR EN 1317 standards at two velocity cases, corresponding to the TB 11 and TB 51 impact test description. To perform this evaluation study, the guardrail structure is first modelled in CAD environment software, respecting the commercial dimensions. The boundary conditions, the material properties assignment, and the load case creation are done by using dedicated FEA software. The obtained results are analysed and are proposed some design improvements to the base guardrail structure. The improved guardrail structure is tested under the same work conditions as the base structure. The conclusions of this research are presented in the last part of the paper.
Theoretical and experimental considerations regarding the airbag system operation
Authors: Oțăt O V , Dumitru I , Tutunea D , Matei L , Marinescu G
Published: September 2024

The concept of Passive Safety aims to reduce the harmful effects on vehicle occupants and pedestrians in the event of an accident. Intelligent car bodies and restraint systems have been designed. Thus, side, front, knee and head airbag systems have been introduced, as well as pre-strained seat belts and force limiters. The objectives of car manufacturers are not only to reduce injuries that can cause death, but also a significant reduction of those that can result in permanent damage such as a whiplash. Advanced airbag systems are currently introduced, which offer protection to the occupants at the knees, torso, hips and abdomen. The topic proposed in the paper concerns both theoretical research on the operation of passive security systems, respectively the airbag system, and experimental research. Regarding the theoretical research, this paper proposes a virtual prototyping method by means of the LS Dyna software package of the airbag system functioning in order to protect the driver in the event of a frontal collision. For the analysis of the airbag system functioning, a complex assembly which contains of a dummy, seat, steering wheel, passive safety systems was used. For the experimental research a stand was designed for the analysis and testing of the airbag system, which has the role to protect the driver in the event of a frontal collision of the vehicle. In order to carry out the experimental tests, it was proposed to create a sledge type stand, which simulates frontal collisions.
Overview on potential, opportunities and trends for internal combustion engines
Authors: Raţiu S A , Mihon N L , Armioni D M
Published: September 2024

As one of the most influential markets on the planet, the automotive industry is expanding and, despite the increase in the number of electric cars, its internal combustion engine sector is no exception. Thus, it needs to regularly adapt to the latest trends and changes imposed by the technological innovations that are constantly appearing. Also, in addition to the technical aspect, environmental trends must be taken into account, because they directly influence the evolution of the automotive field, leading it towards a greener future, with an emphasis on ecological and sustainable solutions for current problems. This article aims to offer an overview on the most relevant trends at European level, manifested in the field of sustainability, urbanization, individualization and digitalization, which make possible the restructuring process of the automotive industry, successfully integrating it in the sustainable sectors of the industrial economy. Also, the current situation regarding the European and Romanian automotive sector is presented and there are exemplified a number of ways in which internal combustion engines can be optimized for sustainability, in order to improve the performance of vehicles and their integration into the ecological trends of the moment.
Traffic analysis of different geometries of a junction for optimization of vehicle capacity and traffic safety increase
Authors: Lucian M , Ilie D , Racila L , Otat O , Oprica A , Gencarau N
Published: September 2024

Identifying various vehicle movement characteristics inside a network requires a careful assessment and different measurements technics, in regards to road traffic studies. These measures are influenced by a variety of variables, including the direction of traffic, changes in daily transportation demand, junction geometry and location in areal of study, style of road and also the size of the study area. Examining various geometries and arrangements of lanes with different distributions of vehicle platoons of the junction based on traffic-related elements is the goal of this essay. The analysis of the junction in regards to the speed, volume, capacity, pollution and traffic safety can give alternative solution and provide a foundation for the implementation of various political strategies in the area.
Geoengineering and the Technopolitics of Planetary Crisis Management
Authors: Peoples Columba
Published: September 2024

This chapter analyses in greater depth modes of technopolitics that underpin proposals for planetary crisis management, especially those associated with ideas of geoengineering. Technopolitics, as discussed in earlier chapters, at its broadest denotes a concern with analysing the ways in which combinations of technologies and political institutions both produce and preclude forms of power and agency. The incorporation of an analysis of technopolitics allows for analysis of the combinations of technological and political-institutional instruments that have been proposed as possible ways by which to manage climatic and ecological crises. Specifically, the chapter analyses ways in which the (re)emergence of different ideas of geoengineering might in turn be argue to ‘co-produce’ emergent understandings of planetary crisis and emergency: fixing and fastening in place particular understandings of planetary politics, via imaginative conceptions of technological ‘fixes’.
‘Kant on the Deceitful Art of Rhetoric’
Authors: Lemos João
Published: September 2024

Kant accuses bad rhetoric of being a deceitful art. In this article, I give an account of both what it means for Kant that bad rhetoric deceives and how this art deceives in the first place. Additionally, I explore significant moral and aesthetic repercussions of bad rhetoric’s being deceitful.

The article is structured into Part A and Part B. I start by reconstructing Kant’s technical definition of deception as disagreement between the semblance and the cognition of truth. I go on to argue that bad rhetoric deceives by promising more than it provides. I show that bad rhetoric deceives technically.

In Part B, I identify a distinctive trait of deception in bad rhetoric. By exploring this trait, I shed light upon Kant’s moral criticism of bad rhetoric, and I ultimately suggest Kant’s perspective on the appropriate aesthetic response to this art.
VISTA: an integrated framework for structural variant discovery
Authors: Sarwal Varuni , Lee Seungmo , Yang Jianzhi , Sankararaman Sriram , Chaisson Mark , Eskin Eleazar , Mangul Serghei
Published: September 2024

Structural variation (SV) refers to insertions, deletions, inversions, and duplications in human genomes. SVs are present in approximately 1.5% of the human genome. Still, this small subset of genetic variation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, Crohn’s disease and other autoimmune disorders, autism spectrum and other neurodevelopmental disorders, and schizophrenia. Since identifying structural variants is an important problem in genetics, several specialized computational techniques have been developed to detect structural variants directly from sequencing data. With advances in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technologies, a plethora of SV detection methods have been developed. However, dissecting SVs from WGS data remains a challenge, with the majority of SV detection methods prone to a high false-positive rate, and no existing method able to precisely detect a full range of SVs present in a sample. Previous studies have shown that none of the existing SV callers can maintain high accuracy across various SV lengths and genomic coverages. Here, we report an integrated structural variant calling framework, Variant Identification and Structural Variant Analysis (VISTA), that leverages the results of individual callers using a novel and robust filtering and merging algorithm. In contrast to existing consensus-based tools which ignore the length and coverage, VISTA overcomes this limitation by executing various combinations of top-performing callers based on variant length and genomic coverage to generate SV events with high accuracy. We evaluated the performance of VISTA on comprehensive gold-standard datasets across varying organisms and coverage. We benchmarked VISTA using the Genome-in-a-Bottle gold standard SV set, haplotype-resolved de novo assemblies from the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, along with an in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-validated mouse gold standard set. VISTA maintained the highest F1 score among top consensus-based tools measured using a comprehensive gold standard across both mouse and human genomes. VISTA also has an optimized mode, where the calls can be optimized for precision or recall. VISTA-optimized can attain 100% precision and the highest sensitivity among other variant callers. In conclusion, VISTA represents a significant advancement in structural variant calling, offering a robust and accurate framework that outperforms existing consensus-based tools and sets a new standard for SV detection in genomic research.
Virological History Predicts Non-sustained Viral Suppression With Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Therapy, Independent of Pharmacokinetic Parameters
Authors: Gutiérrez Félix , Fernández-González Marta , Ledesma Christian , Losada-Echeberría María , Barrajón-Catalán Enrique , García-Abellán Javier , De Stefano Daria , López Leandro , Bello-Perez Melissa , Padilla Sergio , Masiá Mar
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate factors contributing to non-sustained viral suppression, including intermittent viremia and persistent low-level viremia, during cabotegravir (CAB) plus rilpivirine (RPV) long-acting (LA) injectable therapy, with a focus on pharmacokinetics (PK).

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted on people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) transitioning from stable oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) to bimonthly CAB + RPV LA. Standardized follow-up included close monitoring through blood sampling for plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load (VL) and multiple plasma drug concentrations measurements to analyze the connection between PK parameters and virologic outcomes.

Results

Among 173 patients with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up of 11.1(7.1–13.2) months and 789 pre-dose measurements, 38.7% experienced VL ≥ 20 copies/mL, and 16.2% had levels ≥50 copies/mL. Intermittent viremia occurred in 34.7% of patients, and persistent low-level viremia in 4%. Virological failure developed in 2 cases. Predictors of non-sustained viral suppression included VL at HIV diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 1.49 per log10 VL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.12, P = .027), detectable viremia on oral ART (AHR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.29–4.65, P = .006), and the level of viral suppression at transition (AHR: 0.38, 95% CI: .19–.75, P = .004). We found a significant association between low trough concentrations of CAB and RPV and episodes of detectable viremia exceeding 50 copies/mL. However, none of the assessed PK covariates predicted non-sustained viral suppression in multivariable models.

Conclusions

Non-sustained viral suppression in PWH transitioning from stable oral ART to CAB + RPV LA was linked to preexisting factors before transition. Higher VL pre-ART and incomplete suppression on oral therapy increased the risk, independent of PK parameters.
Opioid Use and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Karlovich Norah , McConnell Ryan , Velayos Fernando , Mahadevan Uma , Lewin Sara
Published: September 2024

Background

Opioid use has not been shown to improve hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patient pain scores and may prolong the length of stay (LOS). Additional clinical implications of opioid use, particularly high amounts, in the hospital setting have not yet been explored. We sought to determine how high opioid use impacts clinical outcomes in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC).

Methods

In this single-center study, we identified all patients hospitalized with ASUC who received intravenous corticosteroids from July 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021. Clinical outcomes including opioid exposure, cumulative intravenous corticosteroid dose, biologic rescue therapy initiation date, colectomy rate, opioid prescription at discharge, LOS, and hospitalization cost were collected. High opioid use was defined as ≥40 oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) per day. A univariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of high opioid use with ASUC outcomes.

Results

185 eligible hospitalizations for ASUC were evaluated. 75 patients (41%) received opioids during hospitalization, and 20 patients (11%) received ≥40 OMEs/day. High opioid use was associated with a median 3-day delay in biologic rescue therapy initiation when compared with low/no opioid use (P = .02). 70% of patients with high opioid use received an opioid prescription at discharge compared with 10% of those with low/no use (P < .001). Opioid use was not associated with LOS, duration of corticosteroid therapy, colectomy rate, or hospitalization cost.

Conclusions

Among ASUC hospitalizations, high opioid use was associated with delayed biologic rescue therapy initiation and higher rates of opioid prescriptions at discharge.
Optimal allocation of enterprise marketing resources based on hybrid parallel genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm
Authors: Li Min
Published: September 2024

Aiming at minimizing the use of marketing resources, this article establishes the mathematical model of marketing resources allocation, designs the algorithm of marketing resources allocation, and compares the examples. An improved heuristic algorithm considering tilt angle matching is proposed and used as a local search algorithm for enterprise marketing resources. We design an innovative optimization strategy that incorporates the concept of tilt angle matching to enhance the local search efficiency of enterprise marketing resource allocation. In addition, we have introduced a novel parallel grouping genetic algorithm (PGGA), which utilizes grouping coding and exon crossover to further enhance the search and optimization efficiency of the solution. PGGA is improved by using adaptive parameters to form IPGGA, which improves the efficiency and convergence speed of enterprise marketing resource allocation. The annealing function of the simulated annealing algorithm is improved, and a model is constructed to solve the problem of enterprise marketing resource allocation. Simulated annealing algorithm is introduced to solve the problem of marketing resource allocation, and the framework of simulated annealing algorithm is analyzed. To solve the problem of fast decay rate of simulated annealing algorithm, Doppler effect function is used to optimize the algorithm. This article mainly uses qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to conduct in-depth research on enterprise marketing resource allocation. It focuses on the planning and allocation of enterprise marketing resources. Through IPGGA-ISAA research and analysis of all kinds of data of enterprise marketing resources, the present situation, efficiency, and main problems of enterprise marketing resources allocation are discussed and analyzed more deeply. Compared with other algorithms, IPGGA-ISAA can better analyze the causes of problems and provide better marketing resource allocation schemes for enterprises.
Techno-economic and environmental analysis of an off-grid hybrid system using solar panels, wind turbine, diesel generator, and batteries for a rural health clinic considering
Authors: Hai Tao , Shami Hayder Oleiwi , Ahmed Mohsen , Agarwal Diwakar , Rajab Husam , Mohammed Adil Ismaeel , Hussein Abbas Hameed Abdul , Hasan Dheyaa Flayih , Mushtaq Hiba , Singh Narinderjit Singh Sawaran
Published: September 2024

Middle East has significant potential for independent solar and wind power generation due to its vast land area and dispersed settlements. Enhancing the standard of living in remote areas and meeting the increasing demand for healthcare services worldwide are crucial objectives. Finding the most reliable and affordable method of supplying energy and clean water to rural healthcare institutions is the main goal of the research. The aim of this research is to evaluate the financial and environmental impacts of employing a hybrid energy system to supply power to a clinic in Rijal Almaa, Saudi Arabia. Utilizing the HOMER software, the investigation determined that the most efficient hybrid configuration includes 360 batteries, a 25 kW DG, a 2 kW wind turbine, 33.3 kW of solar panels, and an 18.4 kW converter. The NPC (Net Present Cost) associated with this optimized system amounts to $109 307, while its COE is 0.103 $/kWh. It was found that this efficient system necessitates an initial capital outlay of $72 281, coupled with an annual operational expense of $2361. The renewable fraction (RF) of 84.7%, excess electricity generation of 8.81%, and fuel consumption of 4135 L/yr are notable features of the system. The system also exhibits the lowest annual CO2 emissions at 10825 kg/yr, indicating a positive environmental impact. The findings can be applied globally, particularly in hot, arid regions. The analysis suggests that reducing the costs of hybrid solar panels, DG, wind turbine, and battery systems could significantly reduce overall costs, making them a feasible solution for developing nations.
High-order energy stable discrete variational derivative schemes for gradient flows
Authors: Huang Jizu
Published: September 2024

The existing discrete variational derivative method is fully implicit and only second-order accurate for gradient flow. In this paper, we propose a framework to construct high-order implicit (original) energy stable schemes and second-order semi-implicit (modified) energy stable schemes. Combined with the Runge–Kutta process, we can build high-order and unconditionally (original) energy stable schemes based on the discrete variational derivative method. The new energy stable schemes are implicit and leads to a large sparse nonlinear algebraic system at each time step, which can be efficiently solved by using an inexact Newton-type solver. To avoid solving nonlinear algebraic systems, we then present a relaxed discrete variational derivative method, which can construct second-order, linear and unconditionally (modified) energy stable schemes. Several numerical simulations are performed to investigate the efficiency, stability and accuracy of the newly proposed schemes.
Recurrent positional unilateral pulmonary edema following CABG: an uncommon case report
Authors: Dammak Aimen , Abdenadher Mohamed , Safi Faiza , Mhiri Fatma , Toumi Nozha , Kallel Sami , Hammami Rania
Published: September 2024

We reported a case of pericardial agenesis discovered at the age of 60 during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. However, this anomaly was not treated during the initial surgery. During the post-operatory period, the patient developed recurrent unilateral right pulmonary edema whenever assuming a semi-upright position. We hypothesized that the positional hemodynamic alterations in this patient were related to this rare congenital anomaly. The patient underwent reoperation, 48 hours later, with synthetic pericardial reconstruction and experienced an uneventful recovery during follow-up.