bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epstein‐barr virus (EBV) antibody in patients treated by radical radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Halili Marlene R. , Spigland Ilya , Foster Nan , Ghossein Nemetallah A.
Published: February 2007

Antibody against Epstein Barr Viral capsid (EBV‐VCA) was measured in 65 patients with primary head and neck cancer referred for radical radiotherapy. Sixty‐three percent had locally advanced cancer and 37% had early disease. Forty‐eight percent had detectable antibody in their sera. Thirty‐three percent had elevated titers (above 1:20 dilution). Only 19% of cases with early cancer had increased titers. Almost 50% of those with locally advanced cancer or recurrence following treatment had titers above 1:20. A rise in titer within six months following radiotherapy was associated with a significant incidence of recurrence. There was no correlation between delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to 2–4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and titer values. EBV‐VCA may be an additional parameter which can be used to determine host defenses in patients with malignancies.
The keratoacanthoma: A review
Authors: Schwartz Robert Allen
Published: February 2007

The keratoacanthoma (KA) is a relatively common tumor which most often occurs on the sun‐exposed areas of light skinned individuals of middle age and older. It may be viewed as an aborted squamous cell carcinoma that only in rare instances evolves into a progressively growing squamous cell carcinoma. As such, the recognition of the true nature and the proper management of this tumor is of considerable practical importance. The rapid evolution of a KA may be divided into a proliferative stage, a fully developed tumor, and an involuting stage. Within weeks it develops from a rapidly growing, firm, smooth nodule into a mature bud or dome‐shaped tumor with a central keratotic core that finally degenerates into an involuting keratinous mass. Although the KA usually appears as a solitary lesion, multiple tumors may be found, as may a number of morphologic and syndromic variants, including the appearance of the KA in the Torre syndrome. The KA is likely to be derived from cells of the hair follicle. Its etiology is unclear, although ultraviolet light, viruses, oncogenic chemicals, and epidermal growth factor have been considered. The histologic features of the KA are often very similar to those of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; however, the tumor architecture usually provides a basis for their distinction.
Stabilization of normal variability in phytohemagglutinin‐induced blastogenesis for improved quantitative applications
Authors: Etheredge E. E. , Auchter B. , Sicard G. A. , Anderson C. B.
Published: February 2007

Phytohemagglutinin‐induced blastogenesis is used clinically as an estimate of immune competence but quantitative application is problematic since there is considerable variability. We sought to define for five normal subjects the degree of variability in repetitive testing using a constant culture methodology. A sixday growth response was determined as was the dose response to seven concentrations of PHA. Growth time to peak 3H‐thymidine (3HTdR) incorporation was not constant and that PHA dose stimulating maximum 3 HTdR incorporation varied by 2–16 fold for the retesting of subjects. A pooled dose response was not stabilizing. There were statistical differences among subjects for PHA dose optimum (P < 0.01), maximum evoked 3 HTdR incorporation (P < 0.05) and with varied plasma lots (P< 0.001). However, for each individual subject, a stable maximum 3 HTdR incorporation could be repetitively evoked by culturing in a constant plasma lot, stimulating by a broad range of PHA doses and by harvesting daily to assure peak growth.
Pre‐auricular oat cell carcinoma metastases
Authors: Falk Henry J. , Samit Alan M. , Leban Stanley G. , Mashberg Arthur
Published: February 2007

The oat cell tumor is a particularly lethal form of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Cutaneous metastases occur occasionally in the pre‐auricular area.

In addition to benign and malignant parotid lesions, the differential diagnosis of a pre‐auricular mass must now include metastatic disease, particularly if a history of a thoracic malignancy is elicited.

We present two such cases of metastatic oat cell carcinoma in the pre‐auricular region.
Leiomyosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract: Should we consider metastasis to regional lymph nodes?
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N.(Margaret) , Silberman Howard , Deck Kenneth B.
Published: February 2007

About one third of leiomyosarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract do develop metastasis; and nearly 90% of the metastasis are intra‐abdominal. It is said that leiomyosarcoma rarely involves regional nodes, although two series reported 8% of leiomyosarcomas of the stomach and 7% of the small intestines had nodal metastasis at initial operations (mostly of limited resections). It is suggested that wider resection of primary tumor with adjacent mesentery may reveal higher frequency of occult nodal metastasis and might prevent some of the loco‐regional relapse and sarcomatosis.
Surgical management of recurring or metastatic thyroid cancer
Authors: Marchetta Frank C.
Published: February 2007

The surgical oncologist is sometimes confronted with a patient who was surgically treated for cancer of the thyroid gland and now has recurrent disease. In most instances, additional surgical treatment is indicated. The magnitude of surgery is primarily determined by the amount of tissue removed at the original operation.

Surgery for recurrent disease may include completion of total thyroidectomy with dissection of lymphatic tissues in the thyroid compartment or/and neck dissection, preferably modified. Several clinical situations are outlined and discussed.
Glycerine injection and crystal formation in the larynx: A negative study
Authors: Klabacha Martin , Farag Akram , Reyes Cesar , Lewy Robert , Borkenhagen Robert
Published: February 2007

Glycerine as a vehicle may be injected alone or with Teflon to reposition a lateral lying paralyzed vocal cord. During the study of a particular patient, crystal formation was observed in laryngeal tissues injected with glycerine. It was hypothesized that glycerine metabolized to oxalic acid crystals via the glyoxylic acid pathway.

To confirm this proposition, the gluteus muscle of guinea pigs was injected with glycerine, and at weekly intervals submitted for ordinary and polarized light microscopic examination. The formation of crystals after glycerine injection was not found in the guinea pig. Similarly, no foreign material or crystals were found after centrifuging the stored glycerine.
Primary tumours and tumour‐like conditions of the mandible
Authors: Khanna Sushila , Khanna N. N. , Gupta O. P. , Tripathi F. M. , Sanyal B. , Srivastava A. B.
Published: February 2007

Reports on comprehensive mandibular tumours are very rare. The present article describes a total of 81 primary tumour and tumour‐like lesions of the mandible seen at the University Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, during last 16 years. In the mandible the ratio of odonto‐genic to nonodontogenic tumors is 1.6:1. Ameloblastomas constitute 56% of the odontogenic tumors. Among the benign mesenchymal tumours of the jaw 58% are neoplastic and 42% are nonneoplastic in which cementoostoid tissue is laid down secondary to inflammatory process. Over all 40 cases are benign 28 potentially malignant (ameloblastoma) and 13 are malignant lesions. Among the malignant mandibular tumours, bone tumours are more common than the soft tissue sarcomas. Microscopically mandibular osteosarcomas are better differentiated than similar tumours in the long bones. Local, segmental, or radical surgery seems to be the treatment of choice in the mandibular tumours.
The treatment of angiosarcoma of the breast
Authors: Savage Robert
Published: February 2007

Angiosarcoma of the breast is an unusual but frequently fatal disease. The lethal nature of this tumor may warrant more aggressive surgery and adjuvant therapy. A rare long‐term survivor is presented, including a technique of chest wall resection and reconstruction. The world literature is reviewed.
Histological and ultrastructural changes in rat kidney after cryosurgery
Authors: Sindelar William F. , Javadpour Nasser , Bagley Demetrius H.
Published: February 2007

Effect of cryoinjury to normal rat kidney was studied at the light and electron microscope level, and characterization of the time course of pathologic changes in kidney tissue after cryosurgery was described from 1 hr up to 14 days after production of a standard cryolesion. Cryoinjury to the kidney resulted in sharply demarcated lesions with minimal inflammatory response during the period of cell destruction and healing by fibrosis. Cellular protein was completely coagulated within 1 hr after cryoinjury, with crystallization of protein and disruption of membranes. Cellular disruption was rapid, and the clearance of cellular debris from the area of injury by macrophage infiltration was accomplished through a quite mild inflammatory reaction. Supporting stromal elements of renal parenchyma remained intact, including collagen tubular framework and basement membranes, and formed the lattice over which fibrosis developed.
Smooth muscle tumors of the alimentary tract
Authors: Stavorovsky M. , Morag B. , Stavorovsky H. , Papo J.
Published: February 2007

Smooth muscle tumors (SMT) of the alimentary tract are uncommon. A series of 32 cases (16 leiomyomas and 16 leiomyosarcomas) are presented. The most common presenting clinical signs are bleeding or obstruction. These are caused mainly by degenerative changes within the lesion or its enlargement.

The endoluminal SMT cause symptoms early and are more easily detectable. However, the extraluminal SMT, producing an extrinsic mass, can remain asymptomatic for a long time. Thus, such SMT may be found incidentally during operation

The larger SMT are mostly malignant. Microscopically it is sometimes difficult to determine if the SMT is benign or malignant.
Detection of a suppressive immunoregulatory factor (IRF) in the sera of sarcoma patients by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) and correlation with clinical course
Authors: Roth Jack A.
Published: February 2007

Immunoregulatory factor (IRF) is a 70,000 molecular weight glycoprotein produced by human tumors that suppresses lymphocyte function including mitogen‐stimulated tritiated leucine (3H‐leu) and tritiated thymidine (3H‐Tdr) uptake, in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis, induction of allospecific cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, and proliferation of T‐cell growth factor‐dependent lymphocyte cultures. Antisera to IRF were produced by immunization of goats and rabbits with IRF purified by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)‐anion exchange and affinity chromatography. Antisera specificity was demonstrated by binding to IRF but not control muscle extract in an ELISA test and by specific removal of IRF activity by antibody coupled to acrylamide beads. Using these antisera, a double antibody‐binding assay was developed to measure circulating levels of IRF and to determine its relationship to tumor growth and relevance for monitoring the clinical course of cancer patients. Quantitative autologous as well as allogeneic binding of sarcoma patients' sera to anti‐IRF antibody was demonstrated. Of five tumor extracts tested, two had immunosuppressive activity, and IRF was detected in the preoperative sera of both patients. These extracts were not suppressive and IRF was not detected in the preoperative sera of these patients. In a double‐blind study, analysis of serial serum samples from 26 sarcoma patients, 11 normal volunteers, and eight noncancer patients, demonstrated four patterns of circulating IRF: sustained high levels, increasing levels, decreasing levels, and no detectable IRF. Seven of 14 patients who eventually developed metastatic disease demonstrated sustained high or increasing levels of IRF. Eleven of 12 patients clinically free of tumor for five years or more, ten of 11 normal volunteers, and eight of eight noncancer patients had either a pattern of decreasing levels or no detectable IRF. Circulating IRF levels are correlated with the presence of tumor and may be useful in monitoring the clinical course of cancer patients.
Hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to rib: An approach to an unusual chest wall tumor
Authors: Nowak Michael M. , Ponsky Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2007

Thoracic cage tumors are infrequently encountered and may present a dilemma in diagnosis and treatment. A case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to rib, an unusal chest wall tumor, is presented here, and an orderly and effective approach to chest wall lesions is described. Computerized tomography and biopsy are the most efficacious diagnostic modalities.
Ectopic decidual cell reaction in para‐aortic and pelvic lymph nodes in the presence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma during pregnancy
Authors: Ashraf M. , Boyd C. B. , Beresford W. A.
Published: February 2007

Bilateral para‐aortic lymphadenectomy is routine prior to radical surgery in cancer of the cervix. A pregnant patient with invasive cancer of the cervix and ectopic decidual cell reaction in para‐aortic and pelvic nodes is presented. A decidual cell reaction in frozen sections of para‐aortic lymph nodes could be confused with metastatic disease. Pathogenesis of ectopic decidual cell reaction is discussed.
Preoperative hyperthermo‐chemo‐radiotherapy effective for carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Sugimachi Keizo , Inokuchi Kiyoshi , Kai Hidenobu , Ueo Hiroaki , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Matsufuji Hidemasa
Published: February 2007

We prescribed hyperthermo‐chemo‐radiotherapy preoperatively for 13 patients with esophageal carcinoma. Viable cancer cells disappeared in four out of 13 patients, and all of these four patients survive without recurrence 3 to 34 postoperative months, at this writing. In another seven out of the 13, cancer cells were extensively damaged, despite the presence of a small number of viable cancer cells, and three out of these seven died with a recurrence. For two, the treatment was ineffective, and they died of liver metastasis and a local recurrence, respectively. These findings suggest that preoperative hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy and radiation is highly effective for treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus.
Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the trachea: The case for complete surgical resection
Authors: Reed Donald N. , Hassan Abdul A. , Wilson Robert F.
Published: February 2007

Adenocarcinomas of the trachea are rare but important because the only reported treatment in the past (radiation) has resulted in uniformly poor results. The authors recently had the opportunity to treat a young woman with a mucin‐producing adenocarcinoma of the trachea. A sleeve resection of the involved trachea with reanastomosis was successful, and the patient is alive and well with no evidence of tumor four years later. Thus, primary resection should be strongly considered for adenocarcinoma of the trachea whenever possible.
Priapism as the presenting feature of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sarma Deba P. , Woods Abraham L. , Rodriguez Fred H. , Mendoza Julian , Weilbaecher Thomas G.
Published: February 2007

We describe a case of renal cell carcinoma with metastasis to the penis clinically presenting with priapism. Six such cases found in the literature are reviewed. Neoplastic disease is far advanced in these cases and therapy is only palliative.
Bladder and urethral dysfunction after radical abdominal hysterectomy: Rehabilitative treatment
Authors: Zanolla R. , Monzeglio C. , Campo B. , Ordesi G. , Balzarini A. , Martino G.
Published: February 2007

We studied bladder and urethral function prospectively in 64 patients before and after Wertheim's radical hysterectomy. Immediately after surgery, neurogenic bladder dsyfunction of various degrees was found in 70% of all patients who presented difficulty of voiding, with high residual urine and/or stress incontinence. All the patients have received an early rehabilitative treatment with kinesitherapy and/or pharmacological therapy after the bladder catheter removal and the urodynamics' results. We have obtained a satisfactory functional recovery of the bladder activity in 91% of the symptomatic patients.
A new 111in‐bleomycin complex for combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Hou De‐Yan , Hoch Hans , Johnston Gerald S. , Tsou K. C. , Jones Alfred E. , Farkas Raymond J. , Miller Elizabeth E. , Larson Steven M.
Published: February 2007

Six days after tumor transplantation three daily intraperitoneal doses of 0.9% NaCl, bleomycin (BLM), or a new 111In‐bleomycin complex (BLMC, 15 μCi/g body weight) were administered to glioma‐bearing mice. After therapy, tumors in mice treated with 111In‐BLMC were smaller than those treated with BLM. Sixteen days after the first injection tumor size for 111In‐BLMC‐treated mice was 560 (240–1,030) mm3, 1,980 (1,400–3,290) mm3 for BLM (P < 0.025), and 4,830 (2,580–9, 180) mm3 for NaCl (0.1 < P < 0.2).

Thirteen days after tumor transplantation glioma‐bearing mice received single intratumor injection of 0.9% NaCl, BLM, or 111In‐BLMC (1.5 mCi, carried by 0.5 mg BLM/g tumor weight). The average tumor size for 111In‐BLMC was smaller than that for BLM by a factor of 2.5–3.7. Host weights for these two groups were similar, and morphologic abnormalities were not found in kidney or liver.
Neoplasms in skin and subcutis over the breast, simulating breast neoplasms: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Ilie Bianca
Published: February 2007

Twenty cases of neoplasms in skin and subcutaneous tissue over the breast were reviewed. There were 17 women, from 15 to 70 years of age, and three men, from 25 to 66 years of age. Among the benign skin neoplasms, superficial leiomyoma, granular cell tumor, and eccrine acrospiroma were misdiagnosed clinically as primary breast carcinoma.

Among the malignant neoplasms in subcutaneous tissue, there were three metastatic malignant melanomas, one metastatic epidermoid bronchogenic carcinoma, and two malignant lymphomas. It is interesting that four of these six patients had no prior history of malignant lesion, the subcutaneous nodule presenting as the first manifestation of an occult primary. It is concluded that histological diagnosis of such tumors may lead to avoidance of unnecessary radical surgery.
Endobronchial metastases from soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Udelsman Robert , Roth Jack A. , Pass Harvey I. , Lees David , Jelenich Sandra E.
Published: February 2007

The majority of patients with pulmonary metastases from primary soft tissue sarcomas have peripheral lesions that can be removed by wedge excision. A subset of these patients, however, present with, or develop, clinically significant endobronchial metastases. These patients require a preoperative evaluation that includes pulmonary function testing and a detailed endoscopic evaluation of the bronchial tree. We described three of these patients from the National Cancer Institute and review the clinical histories of eight additional previously reported cases.
Duodenal villous adenomas
Authors: Brian Johnny E. , Herring C. Frank , Stair J. Michael
Published: February 2007

Two cases of villous adenoma of the duodenum are presented. These rare tumors are best diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal radiographs and endoscopic biopsy. Malignant degeneration is more common in the second portion of the duodenum which makes excision more difficult. If no malignancy is found, sleeve resection is preferred. Tumors in the second portion of the duodenum should be treated with wide mucosal excision if carcinoma in situ is found and with pancreaticoduodenectomy if invasive cancer is present.
Villous tumors of the duodenum and ampulla of vater
Authors: Celik Cihangir , Venditti Joseph A. , Satchidanand Sateesh , Freier Duane T.
Published: February 2007

Polypoid epithelial tumors of the duodenum and ampulla of Vater are rarely diagnosed preoperatively without wide application of fiberoptic endoscopy. The symptoms are nonspecific. Only a high index of suspicion will lead to early diagnosis. Life‐threatening complications and increased incidence of malignant transformations are associated with delayed diagnosis. This paper reviews 11 patients (nine previously unreported) with villous tumor of the ampulla of Vater and two with this neoplasm in the duodenum. It also reviews the important principles of management illustrated by the behavior of the tumors of these 11 patients compared to those of previous reports. For favorable results, all lesions must be excised in toto and evidence of invasive malignancy must lead to aggressive treatment whenever feasible.
The surgeon's future role in the conquest of cancer
Authors: Hutchinson William B.
Published: February 2007

This article is a brief review alluding to the multidisciplinary modalities including bask science technologies that are available in the treatment of today's cancer victim. The roles are discussed of the general surgeon and of the surgical fellow, later a surgical oncologist, as they merge into their respective positions to practice their art. The necessity of limiting the number of surgical oncologists with helpful hints on how they can survive in a nonacademic atmosphere are presented. The multidisciplinary approach to treatment of cancer is stressed.
Carcinoma of the Larynx
Authors: Robertson A. G. , Boyle P. , Deuchars F. , Robertson C.
Published: February 2007

Six hundred sixty‐eight patients with tumours of the larynx were treated by radiotherapy. The patients had stage T1 NO MO to T4 N3 MO disease. Patients with T1 NO MO disease (273) had an excellent long‐term survival (90%) as did those with T2 NO MO disease (142), whose 5‐year survival was 70%. Patients with more advanced disease but no nodal spread did not respond as readily to radiotherapy; the 5‐year survival was 40%. All patients were treated using a parallel pair set‐up 6 × 6 cm lateral neck fields. A more aggressive radiotherapy regime to a larger tissue volume to include microscopic spread to lymph nodes may improve survival of locally advanced disease.
Proton NMR of human breast tumors: Correlation with clinical prognostic parameters
Authors: Chu David Z. J. , Yamanashi William S. , Frazer James , Hazlewood Carlton F. , Gallager H. Stephen , Boddie Arthur W. , Martin Richard G.
Published: February 2007

Proton NMR spectroscopy and imaging of human breast tissue have provided new methods in studying breast carcinomas. Continuous wave proton NMR spectroscopy in this study is able to discriminate breast carcinomas from normal breast tissue on the basis of the integrated area under the water and lipid peaks, width at half height of the water peak, and chemical shift of the lipid peak. In addition, the NMR parameters were correlated with the following clinical and pathologic prognostic indices: TNM tumor stage, nuclear grade, and estrogen receptor status (ER). Width at half height of the lipid peak (1/2Δlipid) correlated with tumor content and ER. Studies using higher resolution proton or phosphorus NMR spectra may separate signals that can correlate with biological information on breast neoplasms useful to the clinician. Chemical shift of the lipid peak may be used to sharpen contrast on MRI of breast tumors.
Surgical approach to malignant melanoma in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Gutman M. , Klausner J. M. , Inbar M. , Chaitchik S. , Rozin R. R.
Published: February 2007

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a common site for malignant melanoma. Diagnosis of lesions in the GI tract is usually delayed until complications occur, such as obstruction, bleeding, or perforation of the GI tract. Of 348 patients with malignant melanoma treated during a 10‐year period, 11 had GI involvement either in a metastatic form or as a primary melanoma. Three of these patients were treated surgically for metastatic lesions in the small bowel causing intussusception, two for peritonitis secondary to perforation of the small bowel, and one for massive bleeding from metastatic melanoma in the stomach. Another patient had a primary melanoma in the esophagus and underwent esophagectomy. Three patients had primary melanomas of the anal canal and one of the rectum. Three of them underwent abdominoperineal resections, and two had bilateral groin dissection in addition. Six of the patients are alive 6 months to 4 years following diagnosis. The remaining five died of metastatic melanoma from 6 months to 4 years post‐surgery.
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding as primary symptom of gastric carcinoma
Authors: Moreno‐Otero R. , Rodriguez S. , Carbo J. , Mearin F. , Pajares J. M.
Published: February 2007

Little information is available regarding acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a presenting sign of gastric carcinoma. Of 427 patients with gastric cancer, 36 (8.4%) underwent early endoscopy due to hematemesis. The hemorrhage was self‐limited in 16 patients (44.4%), most of whom underwent elective surgery. Twenty patients (55.6%) had persistent or massive bleeding, and 13 of these underwent early surgery with a surgical mortality of 3 cases (23.1%); the remaining 7 patients were not operated on, and died secondary to the hemorrhage. The total mortality rose to 10 patients (27.7%). The mean age was higher in patients with persistent or massive bleeding, mainly in those who did not undergo surgery and died. We conclude that the immediate outcome is related to age and previous general condition, rather than to the definite diagnosis of gastric cancer. Moreover, emergency endoscopy may be useful in determining the exact source of hemorrhage and in identifying potential candidates for emergency surgery.
A complication of the infusaid pump: Duodenal atony reversed by urecholine
Authors: Silberman Allan W. , Rosenkranz Eliot , Kosakowski Christopher , Chervu Arun , Sugasawara Roy I. , Ramming Kenneth P.
Published: February 2007

The totally implantable infusion pump (Infusaid pump) for treating metastatic disease to the liver is a new treatment that is gaining widespread acceptance. However, as might be expected for any new major surgical procedure, there are increasing reports of complications. We report a complication in which duodenal atony was caused by the infusion of the chemotherapeutic agent (FUDR) into the stomach and duodenum. The atony was totally reversed by the subcutaneous administration of Urecholine.
Surgical approach to generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual men
Authors: Benotti Peter N. , Jenkins Roger L. , Cady Blake , O'hara Carl , Groopman Jerome E.
Published: February 2007

Sixty patients considered at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were referred for evaluation of generalized lymphadenopathy. All patients were seropositive for antibody to human T‐lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV‐III). Multiple lymph node biopsies from different nodal areas were performed. The results were evaluated in order to see if the diagnostic yield is increased by the performance of multiple lymph node biopsies. In no case was additional diagnostic information provided by performing multiple biopsies. In patients with diffuse lymphadenopathy who are at risk for AIDS, single node excisional biopsy is indicated to rule out opportunistic infection or/and tumor.
Early and advanced gastric cancer during follow‐up of apparently benign gastric ulcer: Significance of the presence of epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Farinati F. , Cardin F. , Mario F. Di , Vianello F. , Battaglia G. , Arslan‐Pagnini C. , Cannizzaro R. , Sava G. A. , Rugge M. , Naccarato R.
Published: February 2007

One hundred and forty‐four patients with apparently benign gastric ulcer were endoscopically followed up in order to evaluate the outcome of the lesion. Particular attention was given to: (a) detect possible delay in diagnosing gastric cancer; (b) ascertain the frequency of association with epithelial dysplasia; (c) establish the role of markers, such as serum pepsinogen group I (PGI), and gastric juice CEA in predicting gastric ulcer evolution. Endoscopic and bioptic check‐ups were carried out during the first year at 3, 6 and 12 months after endoscopic healing of the ulcer, and then at every symptomatic recurrence. Ten patients (6.9%) were found to present histological evidence of malignancy (within 3 months in six cases, between 6 and 12 months in three cases, and after 41 months in the rest). Four cases were early gastric cancers, and six had shown dysplastic changes of the mucosa at the edge or scar of the ulcer. Serum PGI levels were not significantly different in gastric cancer patients, while gastric juice CEA levels were sharply increased compared to those of gastric ulcer patients: nine out of ten patients had values above normal range. These data suggest that: (a) there may be some delay in diagnosing gastric carcinoma, and gastric ulcer patients should be controlled routinely more than once; (b) the presence of dysplasia indicates the need for prolonged follow‐up, because of the high risk of association with or evolution into gastric cancer, and because of the higher number of early gastric cancer detections that this protocol allows; (c) further support in monitoring patients “at risk” may be afforded by gastric juice CEA determination.
Unusual extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a bone marrow transplant patient
Authors: Cormier Mary G. , Armin Ali‐Reza , Daneshgari Firouz , Castelli Melanie
Published: February 2007

An unusual form of relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is described in a woman who developed a solitary large focal mass of lymphoblasts in her liver and an isolated polypoid lymphoblastic mass in her uterus after bone marrow transplantation, despite continued marrow remission. Extramedullary visceral leukemic relapse in the form of such discreet focal masses is highly unusual and to our knowledge has not been described in this setting. Awareness and recognition of atypical forms of relapse are important since such a diagnosis carries critical therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Regression analyses of prognostic factors in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hannisdal Einar , Thorsen Glen
Published: February 2007

In a follow‐up study of 110 patients with colorectal cancer, age, sex, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglobin (Hb), leukocyte count, emergency operation, tumor site, Dukes' stage, and histologic grade were tested in survival analyses. Dukes' stage was a highly superior prognostic discriminator. In multivariate survival analysis (Cox model) elevated ESR and leukocytosis were significant prognostic factors in addition to the Dukes' stage, indicating high‐risk patients with shorter survival.
Testing chemotherapeutic combinations in the human tumor colony—forming assay
Authors: Sondak V. K. , Korn E. L. , Morton D. L. , Kern D. H.
Published: February 2007

A total of 362 tumor specimens were tested in the Human Tumor Colony—Forming Assay for sensitivity to one of eight drug combinations and to each component drug as a single agent. Peak pharmacologically achievable concentrations of drug were used in continuous exposure. In 175 assays greater than 50% inhibition of colony formation, defined as in vitro sensitivity, was observed for at least one drug. The percent inhibition of the most active single agent closely approximated the percent inhibition of the combination. This relationship was maintained for all tumor types and combinations tested. Resistance in vitro to each drug in a combination predicted resistance to the combination. However, our data suggest that the higher activity of combination chemotherapy relative to single agents is due to an increased probability of finding an agent to which the tumor is sensitive, rather than to a synergistic interaction between drugs.
Resection of fixed pelvic tumors using the ND:YAG laser
Authors: Brand Ely , Wade Maclyn E. , Lagasse Leo D.
Published: February 2007

Clinical experience using the Nd: YAG laser to resect intra‐abdominal malignancies is limited. Presented are two cases of recurrent gynecologic cancers, one ovarian carcinoma of low malignant potential and one fallopian tube carcinoma grade I, in which the Nd: YAG laser allowed removal of recurrent tumor fixed to sacral bone and pelvic sidewall. The ability to accomplish laser vaporization of the tumor bed along with periosteum may reduce the risk of local recurrence. Further investigation of laser treatment of tumors fixed to sacral or pubic bone, pelvic sidewall tissues or other structures should lead to the evolution of the Nd: YAG laser as a useful tool to the cancer surgeon.
Hepatocellular and gastric carcinoma associated with familial polyposis coli
Authors: Laferla G. , Kaye S. B. , Crean G. P.
Published: February 2007

A case of familial polyposis coli in association with hepatocellular and gastric carcinoma is reported. No similar case has ever been documented in the world literature. This may be surprising as it is well known that familial polyposis has a potent oncogenicity not only in the colon but also in extracolonic organs.
Effects of dosage and infusion time on the incorporation of 5‐fluorouracil into DNA and RNA of normal tissues and an adenocarcinoma transplanted to rat liver
Authors: Erichsen Christian , Christensson Per‐Inge , Jacobsson Birgitta , Jönsson Pre‐Ebbe , Stenram Unne
Published: February 2007

In a model of secondary liver cancer in Wistar rats the incorporation of 5‐FUra into the acid soluble fraction, RNA, and DNA of several normal tissues and of an adenocarcinoma of the colon transplanted to the liver was determined; 300, 1,200 or 24,000 nmoles of 5‐FUra were infused via the gastroduodenal artery for 0.5, 2, or 24 hr. The rats were killed 1.5, 3, or 24 hr after the beginning of the infusions. In general, higher doses resulted in a higher labelling. However, the ratio of incorporation into tumor RNA compared to normal tissue RNA was higher at the 1,200 than at the 24,000 nmole dosage. There was a decreased RNA/DNA ratio in the tumor at 24 hr after 24,000 nmoles of 5‐FUra had been infused over 0.5 or 2 hr, indicating decreased synthesis and/or increased breakdown of RNA.
Neuroma of the common bile duct
Authors: Rush Benjamin F. , Stefaniwsky Andrew B. , Sasso Albert , Dumitrescu Ilie , Wexler David
Published: February 2007

Two cases of neuroma of the common bile duct (CBD) associated with jaundice and cholangitis both 15 years after cholecystectomy are presented. The surgical treatment, excision of the diseased CBD, followed by Roux‐en‐Y biliary drainage in one case and excision of the tumor with T‐tube drainage in the other, was curative. A review of the world literature revealed 20 prior cases of CBD neuromas, 19 associated with jaundice. None was diagnosed prior to operation or autopsy. Mortality of treatment was 15% and all deaths were associated with a failure to excise the neuroma.
Effect of chronically‐administered secretin on the nude mouse
Authors: Johnson Frank E. , Laregina Marie C. , Devine Joseph E. , Hudd Charles
Published: February 2007

Secretin plays an important role in the growth regulation of certain cancers in vitro. The nude mouse is a suitable model for evaluation of the effects of this hormone on tumor xenografts in vivo, but little is known about long‐term actions of secretin in this species. We investigated the impact of chronically administered synthetic porcine secretin in the nude mouse. Six groups of mice (eight animals each) received twice‐daily intraperitoneal injections of saline or secretin at 0.5, 5, 50, 500, or 5,000 g/kg for 14 days. Body weight and general health were unaffected by exogenous secretin, and no apparent behavioral effects were observed. Seven abdominal organs were examined at necropsy and all were histologically normal. The only organ that showed a weight change was the pancreas (13% decrease at the highest secretin dose). This was accompanied by decreases in DNA and RNA content, indicating pancreatic hypoplasia. Secretin administration caused changes in DNA and/or RNA content (but not protein content or weight) in liver, small bowel, cecum, and large bowel. No effect of secretin on stomach or kidney was observed. Our work demonstrates the safety of frequent injections of pharmacologie doses of secretin in this frail animal and suggests that the nude mouse is an appropriate model for the in vivo study of tumor growth regulation by secretin.
Adult Wilms' Tumor
Authors: Chang Sun‐Yran , Ma Cheng‐Ping , Lee Wei‐Hwa
Published: February 2007

Two well‐documented cases of Wilms' tumor in adult patients are reported. Surgery remains the treatment of choice in stage I cases with favorable cell differentiation. Adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy or radiation may be necessary in patients beyond stage I or when the cell differentiation is more anaplastic. Actinomycin D is essential and should be included in the chemotherapeutic regimen whenever it is possible.
Killing lung cancer cells at cell‐cycle phase by a new indium‐111‐bleomycin complex
Authors: Hou De‐Yan , Ordonez Jose V. , Cross Richard J. , Ross Douglas D. , Maruyama Yosh
Published: February 2007

The efficacy of killing small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells at the G1, S, and G2‐M phase of the cell‐cycle by a new 111In‐bleomycin complex (111In‐BLMC) was investigated. SCLC cells (N417, H526, H209) were synchronized by double thymidine block and assessed by DNA content with flow cytometry, and the period for the maximal accumulation of cells in S, G1, or G2‐M phase was determined. Cells in different cell cycle phases were exposed to 0.9% NaCl, BLM, or 111In‐BLMC for 1 hour and observed for colony formation. The survival of H526 cells treated with 111In‐BLMC was 71% (for enriched S phase), 46% (G1), and 31% (G2‐M). For N417 cells, it was 25% (S), 20% (G1), and 8% (G2‐M) for 111In‐BLMC and 18%% (S), 33% (G1), and 10% (G2‐M) for BLM. These results indicated that SCLC cells in G2‐M were most sensitive and those in S phase were least sensitive to 111In‐BLMC; cells in G1 phase were the least sensitive to BLM.
Occurrence of esophageal carcinoma after gastrectomy
Authors: Kuwano Hiroyuki , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Nagamatsu Masaaki , Inoue Tetsuya , Ohno Shinji , Mori Masaki , Sugimachi Keizo
Published: February 2007

A review of data on 548 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma revealed that 24 (4.4%) had had gastrectomy. Although the interval of the gastrectomy due to peptic ulcer or gastric cancer and esophageal cancer was 13.4 ± 7.9 and 5.8 ± 4.2 years, respectively, this difference was thought to be due only to the occurrence of each disease. The incidence of the occurrence of the lower esophageal cancer after gastrectomy was 29.2%, not significantly higher than the 22.4% incidence of lower esophageal cancer in overall cases. Histopathological investigation of the 13 resected esophageal cancer tissues from gastrectomized patients revealed a mild esophagitis in some cases, with no significant histologic characteristics. Thus esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and previous gastrectomy may be incidentally related.
Primary choriocarcinoma of the lung: Report of a case treated with intensive multimodality therapy and review of the literature
Authors: Sridhar Kasi S. , Saldana Mario J. , Thurer Richard J. , Beattie Edward J.
Published: February 2007

Primary choriocarcinomas of the lung are extremely rare. Like choriocarcinomas elsewhere, they possess rapid growth ability and a high propensity to metastasize. There is minimal information available on the treatment of lung choriocarcinoma. In the case reported herein, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) infusion, etoposide, and cisplatin induced a partial response permitting complete excision of a massive tumor of the right upper lobe involving the chest wall and superior vena cava. The patient relapsed with a metastasis to the brain that was surgically excised. Contralateral lung metastases were soon noted and responded well to systemic chemotherapy; yet the patient died of a new brain metastasis. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a primary choriocarcinoma of the lung treated with intensive multimodality therapy. The latter seems to offer a potential benefit if certain guidelines are followed.
Isolated soluble fractions from spleen cell culture supernatants induce tumor enhancement
Authors: Eiján Ana María , Jasnis Mariaa Adela , Motta Alicia Beatriz , Oisgold‐Dagá Sara
Published: February 2007

Supernatants of spleen cell culture from small‐tumor‐bearing mice, large‐ tumor‐bearing mice, and large‐tumor resected mice were fractionated by Sephadex G‐100. The biological activity on tumor growth of all fractions was tested in vivo. It was found that only one fraction (MW: 220‐250 kD) from spleen cell supernatants of small‐tumor‐bearing mice or large‐tumor resected mice enhanced tumor growth. In spleen cell supernatants from large‐tumor‐bearing mice, two fractions had enhancing activity (MW: 220‐250 and 100‐10 kD). Thus, the surgical resection of large tumor induced disappearance of enhancing activity from the fraction of lower molecular weight.
Plasma cell granuloma of the adrenal gland and the thyroid: Report of two cases
Authors: De Mascarel Antoine , Vergier Béatrice , Merlio Jean‐Philippe , Goussot Jean François , Coindre Jean‐Michel
Published: February 2007

The clinicopathologic features of two rare cases of plasma cell granuloma of the endocrine glands are described and compared with extrapulmonary cases reported in the literature. One was localized in the adrenal gland and was revealed by amenorrhea and a large inflammatory syndrome; it is the first case reported to our knowledge. The other case developed in the thyroid, was asymptomatic, and represents the third case in the literature.
Esophageal metastasis from breast carcinoma associated with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia: An unusual endoscopic diagnosis
Authors: Haim Nissim , Krugliak Pavel , Cohen Yoram , Schwartzman Zvi , Benharroch Daniel
Published: February 2007

The clinicopathologic findings in a patient who developed dysphagia and obstruction of the middle third of the esophagus 12 years after mastectomy for breast carcinoma are presented. Endoscopic biopsy revealed metastatic breast carcinoma with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying esophageal mucosa. To the best of our knowledge, the case represents the first reported association between esophageal metastasis and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the esophageal squamous epithelium.
Correlation of DNA ploidy and clinical outcome in borrmann type 4 gastric carcinoma
Authors: Yonemura Yutaka , Sugiyama Kazuo , Fujimura Takashi , Kamata Toru , Kosaka Takeo , Fushida Sachio , Yamaguchi Akio , Miwa Koichi , Miyazaki Itsuo
Published: February 2007

The correlation between DNA ploidy pattern and clinical outcome was studied in 76 patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric carcinomas. Twenty‐six tumors were diploid, and 50 tumors were aneuploid. There was no correlation among DNA ploidy and histologic type, lymph‐node status, wall invasion, or clinical stage. The incidence of vascular invasion in the aneuploid tumors was significantly higher than that in the diploid tumors. Five year survival was achieved in 28% of the patients with diploid tumors and 8% of those with aneuploid tumors, respectively. Among the patients undergoing curative resection, 5 year survival rate was 54% in the patients with diploid tumors compared to 28% with aneuploid tumors. There was a significant survival advantage in patients with diploid tumors. These results indicate that DNA ploidy might be an important prognostic factor in Borrmann type 4 gastric carcinomas.
Hyperthermic liver toxicity: A role for oxidative stress
Authors: Skibba Joseph L. , Stadnicka Anna , Kalbfleisch John H.
Published: February 2007

Rat livers were perfused at 37°C, 41°C, 42°C, 42.5°C, and 43°C for 2 hr. Among perfusate constituents analyzed were urea, total amino acids, N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase (NAG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), allantoin, potassium, phosphate, and glucose. After perfusion, livers were homogenized and analyzed for xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, GSH content, and lysosomal lability. Perfusate AST, LDH, NAG, potassium, glucose, and phosphate increased significantly with time, and there were significant differences in the final values between 37°C and 42°C, 42.5°C, and 43°C (P < .05). GSH levels increased significantly at all temperatures after 90 and 120 min, whereas GSSG levels differed significantly at 60, 90, and 120 min for 37°C vs. 42°C, 42.5°C, and 43°C (P < .05). Mean MDA levels at 37°C differed from those at 41°C and 43°C (P < .05) at each temperature. Allantoin levels increased significantly with time of perfusion; mean levels at 37°C were significantly different from mean levels at each temperature at 60,90, and 120 min. GSH liver tissue levels decreased with perfusion at hyperthermic temperatures; mean values at 41°C, 42°C, 42.5°C, and 43°C differed from 37°C mean values (P < .01). Type O XO increased after 120 min perfusion from 6.4% ± 2.0% at 37°C to 55% ± 30%, 43% ± 27%, and 63% ± 29% at 42°C, 42.5°C, and 43°C, respectively. Lysosomal lability increased after perfusion at 42.5°C. There was a significant increase in nonsedimentable NAG activity at 42.5°C (P < .05). These data support the premise that hyperthermic toxicity to the liver may be a consequence of oxidative stress brought about by enhanced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption and conversion of XO to type O. Such conversion results in superoxide formation and subsequent depletion of cellular GSH, labilization of the lysosomes, and plasma membrane damage.
Diagnostic value of cervical lymph node biopsy: A pathological study of 596 cases
Authors: Amr Samir S. , Kamal Mohammad F. , Tarawneh Musleh S.
Published: February 2007

During a 10‐year period (1976‐1985), a total of 596 cervical lymph node biopsies for diagnostic purposes were performed at our institution. Thirty‐five percent of these nodes were involved with malignant lymphoma, and 20.5% showed metastatic deposits. Nondiagnostic reactive hyperplastic changes were noted in 23% of the cases. Several other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions were encountered. Comparison of our data with several series from different countries with review of relevant literature are presented.
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver
Authors: Li Guo‐Hui , Li Jiin‐Qing , Lin Yi‐Zhong
Published: February 2007

Since the first report of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in 1953, 12 cases have been reported in the literature. The authors report herein five cases of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in our hospital. These tumors were resected and the diagnosis confirmed pathologically. Three of the patients were male and two female. Four of these patients had been misdiagnosed as having primary liver cancer by sonography and CT scan. Our experience has shown that if the patient had a long clinical course, few clinical symptoms, good general condition, and a negative alphafetoprotein assay, if the tumor was well encapsulated and the liver presented without cirrhosis, the patients should be suspected of having inflammatory pseudotumor of liver. In this series, all five patients underwent hepatectomy. There were no complications after operation. Surgical resection should be considered as the main therapeutic method for inflammatory pseudotumor of liver. If the patient proves unsuitable for surgical treatment, steroid therapy should be the treatment of choice. In this paper 12 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor of liver reported in the literature are reviewed and discussed.