bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Finite Element Modal Analysis of Torque Feedback Subsystem in Automobile Steer by Wire System
Authors: Yu Lei Yan , Zhao Wan Zhong , Yi Jian Bo
Published: December 2012

Safety and reliability are requirements of automobile steer by wire system. Firstly, steering force feedback subsystem of steer by wire is designed. Design of steer by wire system mechanical parts must consider effects of automobile vibration environment. Then, worm of worm drive speed reducer is modeled using ANSYS software and modal analysis is performed. Natural frequencies and vibration mode contour maps of each order are acquired. The results show that the modal analysis of worm is valid and can predict worm’s vibration performance; both structure and material affect the part’s vibration performances.
Optimization of Large Vessels Principal Parameters Based on Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Wang Wen Quan , Huang Sheng , Hou Yuan Hang , Hu Yu Long
Published: December 2012

The multi-objective optimization design model of large vessels principal parameters was established, according to the characteristics of large ship’s scheme design. The ship stability, rapidity, and seakeeping were selected as the three objectives of the optimization model, and the minimum-deviation method was adopted to establish the unified objective function. The Particle Swarm Optimization and the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm were combined to the hybrid particle swarm algorithm, which then was used to solve the mathematical model. Through the simulation calculation, the results show that the hybrid algorithm has a better optimization performance and it is feasible for hybrid algorithm to apply in the preliminary design of large vessels.
Simulation and Analysis of Leveling and Lifting Electric Liquid Servo System of Tamp Train Based on MATLAB
Authors: Wang Xiao Yu
Published: December 2012

As the example of Leveling and lifting Electric Liquid Servo System of Tamp train, the mathematical model of system is established, dynamic characteristics are simulated and analyzed，parameters are corrected by means of MATLAB software, simulation effect has proved that servo system became reliable and stable.
Molding and Optical Performance Simulations of a New Plastic Grating Lens for an Asymmetric LED Fog Lamp
Authors: Chen Yi Cheng , Wang Yen Chao , Tseng Shi Chang
Published: December 2012

This research focuses on the effect manufacture factors about the brightness and uniformity of multi-stage reflector. Trace-pro and 3D CAD model were used for optical simulations. The optical simulation results of grating lens and reflector were done as well as successfully developed the LED fog lamp. The results meet the regulations, R19 CLASS F3, of Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) at the test distance of 25 meters, and central zone under line6 achieves average over 3200cd. The optimal design of reflector is of third-order paraboloidal one to improve the brightness and uniformity. The acuter the microstructure’s tip is(R below 0.1mm), the better the apparent improving of eliminating stray light. In accordance with microstructure of grating lens, Moldex-3D is used to help the mold flow filling simulation and mold design. The mold cavity with microstructure was manufactured by the wire cutting and polishing processing. And the molding plastic was optics level PC (Polycarbonate). Both Taguchi’s method applied in Moldex-3D and real injection molding experiments showed that high melt temperature, low injection speed and suitable holding time can reduce warpage; in addition, using higher melt temperature, mold temperature and injection pressure can achieve higher degree of replication of micro features.
Research on Pose Estimation for Electric Vehicle’s Fast-Swap Battery Box Based on Visual Information
Authors: Wu Yu Ming , Liu Shuo , Zhang Gao Yang , Yin Xiao Yan , Zhao Ming Yu , Lu Zhi Yuan
Published: December 2012

For the reason of difficult to get battery box pose information, we research the battery box pose measure method based on visual information. We get the coplanar four points at the lines constraints which extracted form image. We get the pose relationship between the battery box coordinate system and camera coordinate system, and then calculate the average of the measure results to reduce noise effects for measure precision. Simulation results show that the method through calculate average of the measure results can effectively reduce noise effects for measure accuracy. The actual experimental results show that the pose estimate accuracy is meet robot requirements for battery swap.
Coordinate Evaluation between Expressway Construction and Economy Development Based on DEA Model
Authors: Jia Jian Min , Zhang Ru Hua
Published: December 2012

As we all know, the construction of expressway promotes regional economy development enormously. However, the investment for expressway is huge, including cost of manpower and material resource, which may also have negative effects on environment. Thus, the construction of expressway should be adapted to regional economy development and the environmental bearing capacity. Above all, based on the analysis of the interaction between expressway and economy, we choose GDP, population, vehicles and volume of passenger transport and freight transport as the evaluation index, which could reflect the interaction more comprehensive. Then, we construct the DEA model for coordinated evaluation and make a case research with the data of Shandong Province. As a conclusion, the result suggests that the construction of expressway is ahead of its time. And finally, we provide the modified value of expressway’s evaluation index in 2012. The DEA model in the paper is practical to evaluate the coordinated development between expressway and economy, which could be the reference for expressway development.
Study on the Cross-Sea Bridge Construction and Evolution Pattern of Coastal Cities’ Urban Spatial Structure in China
Authors: Lin Tuo , Zhang Yuan Yuan , Yu Yang
Published: December 2012

Under the background of land-ocean development strategy and ocean development, China has entered the “bridge and sea era”, more than half of the coastal cities are building cross-sea bridge which has profound impact on urban space structure. By reviewing the cross-sea bridge construction and urban spatial structure evolution in China since the beginning of reform and opening up, this paper discovers that cross-sea bridges are almost of three types—from single core to dual-core, from dispersion to groups and land-island integration, which is related with the coastal cities’ geographical environment and closely associated with urban development strategy and developmental stage.
The Impact of High Speed Rail between Wuhan and Shenzhen to Tourism along the Line
Authors: Xie Mei Quan
Published: December 2012

China is the state with world’s fastest development and longest line mileage operated in high speed rail (HSR) industry, which authorizes a reduction in transportation costs and can be a tool for tourism destination development. This paper gives a detail introduction to the HSR between Wuhan and Shenzhen, especially on line plan and the current operation scheme. Then it concludes the impact of HSR between Wuhan and Shenzhen to tourism market along the line. At last, we give some suggestions on how to develop tourism industry better in HSR economy.
Translation Motion and Dynamic Analysis of Ancient Architecture
Authors: Wang Tie Cheng , Zhang Liang , Zhao Hai Long
Published: December 2012

Reasonable formula of jacking force and scientific dynamic analysis has an important contribution to guide the building monolithic moving Engineering. In this paper, take the temple as an example to study building monolithic movement. It is shown in the analysis results of SAP2000 that the mortise-tenon joints (in the wooden structure) has a significant influence in improving the energy dissipation capacity, prolonging the structural free vibration period,minimizing the dynamic response of structure. The acceleration of all the joints tends to be in consistent under the dynamic force effect. The structure has enough safety capacity within the right displacement margin for joints.
Relationship between Exothermic Effect and Crystal Growth in the Hydration Process of Waterproof Gypsum
Authors: Li Jian Quan , Gong Ming Zhu , Li Guo Zhong
Published: December 2012

The new type of gypsum compound waterproof agent was composed of organic emulsion that emulsified by polyvinyl alcohol and stearic acid and saline waterproof agent made of carboxylic acid sodium, aluminium sulfate etc. The influences on the hydration exothermic effect and crystal growth of gypsum were studied when different amount of the organic emulsion, the saline waterproof agent were added. According to the hydration exothermic effect and microstructure of crystal growth of gypsum after mixing the different amount of waterproof agent, the relationship between gypsum hydration exothermic effect and gypsum crystal growth were discussed theoretically.
Research on Protection of Rural Historical Building and Development of Villages Individual Style
Authors: Xing Shuang Jun
Published: December 2012

Through the survey and research on the rural historical building of Zhejiang Province, the questions of protection of historical building and development of village individual style during the new rural construction phase are discussed and some measures and suggestions are put forward.
Study on Modified Wood Fiber/Recycled Plastic HDPE Composites
Authors: Yan Han
Published: December 2012

The effect on stripped the wood fiber with organic molecules inserting pretreatment to recycled HDPE plastic was researched. Organic molecules inserting wood fiber has layered hollow structure by screw extruder and silane coupling agent molecules can insert into hollow fibers. The results show that composites with stripped wood fibers have better mechanical properties than unstripped composites. SEBS elastomer treatment can further enhance the toughness of the wood-plastic composites.
Analysis of the Ecological Technology in Pitched Roof of Chinese Traditional Dwelling
Authors: Li Jie , Ma Hong Wei
Published: December 2012

The pitched roofs of Chinese traditional dwelling have good ecological adaptability. Deeply research to find out the valuable technology helps energy-efficient building today. Through the study of the technology of draining, waterproofing, wind protecting, ventilation, insulation, dissipation and heat preservation applied in pitched roofs, the paper summarizes the changes of roof pitch, material and construction technique according to the climate. The objective is to provide new ideas and ways for energy-efficient building to achieve better ecological adaptability today.
Experimental Study on the Impact of Admixture for Concrete Heat of Hydration and Early-Age Contractile Properties
Authors: Sun Jian Cheng , Wang Bo Jun , Zhao Wen Zhong
Published: December 2012

During the technology development of modem concrete, concrete structure crack (especially early-age crack) becomes more and more serious and has been one of main research directions of civil engineering. This paper aims at the seriousness of concrete structure crack and presents one of main cause is that concrete early-age (especially autogenous shrinkage) become large through the experimental study. autogenous shrinkage are mainly belongs to temperature cracks and desiccation cracks. Analyses the affection of ash and water reducing agent on the hydration heat, under the optimum proportion experiment which aims at reducing he hydration heat of cement. The best program are obtained that double mix with 20% fly ash and 1.5% water reducing agent .Design mortar’s early anti-crack experiment, and study crack-resistance and other mechanical properties based on different ages & different mix proportion. From the experiment, analyses early cracking under the influence of admixtures. The mix proportion of 20% fly ash, 10% slag and 1.2% water reducing agent can minimize the creation of cracks.
Embodiment of Polytheism in Architectures of Southeastern Shanxi - A Case Study of Hongji Monastery in Wuxiang County
Authors: Guo Qing , Zhu Xiang Dong , Wang Chong En
Published: December 2012

Through field visit to Hongji Monastery in Wuxiang County of Shanxi Province, a detailed investigation on its spatial arrangement and religious functions of architectures is conducted, which deeply reflects the historical inevitability of polytheism and the improvement of people’s cognition toward religious thoughts by combining reasons for the appearance of polytheism and relations between religious activities and religious architectures. This trend of polytheism gives rise to the infusion of deities from different religions in the same religious architecture, which works as a practical carrier of spiritual ballast.
Study on the Thermal System of Microporous Cementitious Materials
Authors: Tong Yue Yu , Yi Xiong , Yan Bing Qin , Chen Yi Lan
Published: December 2012

Industrial residues--fly ash, carbide slag, desulfurization gypsum--of different proportions were used as raw materials to discuss the sintering characteristics and thermal effect of each proportion and their effects on porous cementitious materials. The properties of those materials were analyzed and the formula were calculated according to sulphoaluminate cement formulations . The sample were burned at different temperatures according to ceramsite-making method so that some hard water minerals and a microporous structure could be formed. By analyzing the content of and β-C2S in the burned sample using XRD, SEM and EDS and discussing the effects of different burning processes on porosity and water absorption rate of materials to know the sintering system. The results show that the material burned at 1250°C for 20 min has good thermal insulation properties and cementing properties.
The Shape Change Energy Criterion of Iso-σθεθ Line for Mixed Mode Crack and the Application in Concrete
Authors: Chen Si Li , Jie Huang , Shi Jian Jun , Tao Yu
Published: December 2012

In order to study the concrete compound crack and fracture extension problem such as brittle material, based on the analysis of the fracture criterion theory ,on the analysis of some measured data, and the near crack tip portion of the shape change energy, the strain energy criterion of Iso- line for Ⅰ-Ⅱ mixed mode crack was proposed, a crack initiation angle formula and the fracture criterion were established, and the variation law among ， with Poisson ratio was discussed . Using the criterion, the concrete compound crack was analyzed. Results show that the theoretical values are consistent with the measured values. So the criterion can be applied to analyze the mixed mode crack fracture of brittle material such as concrete.
Study on the Metro Construction Project’s Heritage Impact Assessment System of Historic City
Authors: Chang Hai Qing
Published: December 2012

Now in China, 18% historic cities have started the metro construction project. Due to the lack of heritage impact assessment system in China today, the historic city protection is facing the huge threat. So the establishment of the scientific historic city metro construction project of heritage impact assessment system is imminent. In This thesis, the author studies the metro construction project characteristics and historic city protection content (Xi’an as an example). Based on these, the author puts forward the metro construction projects of different stages of heritage impact assessment content and assessment of target and use the matrix and network analysis to establishes the metro project heritage impact assessment framework in historic city.
Stud Bolt Effects on the Bearing Performance of Pseudo Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composite (PSH2C) Wall-Steel Coupling Beam Connections
Authors: Kim Sun Woong , Park Wan Shin , Eom Nam Young , Yun Hyun Do
Published: December 2012

Recently, hybrid coupled shear system, where steel coupling beam couple two or more RC shear walls are frequently applied for medium and high-rise building subjected to earthquake. This paper addresses the seismic performance of PSH2C wall - steel coupling beam with stud bolts in the connection region. Test variables included stud bolts in embedded steel coupling beam and types of material, such as PSH2C and concrete, in the wall. The results show that PSH2C wall – beam connections (PSH2C-ST and PSH2C-SB) exhibit better hysteretic response than normal concrete wall – beam connections (HCWS-ST and HCWS-SB).
Experimental Study on Overlay Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Yuan Yu Qing , Li Wei , Li Xue Chan , Guo Tao
Published: December 2012

To study the asphalt pavement performances on high temperature or its water stabilities, a series of tests, including high temperature stability test, immersion Marshall test, freeze-thaw splitting test, were finished. According to bailey method, initial quasi grading were calculated. Passing rate of 2.36 mm is respectively 36.3%, 33.1%, 36.1%, 38.7%, which is close to the initial quasi grading, namely 36%, 31.5%, 36%, 40%. Respectively at the test temperature of 60 °C, 68 °C, rutting tests were put forward. The results show that the mixture of gradation one has a higher temperature stability than the others in any case. Marshall immersion test and freeze-thaw test were conducted, optimizing with freeze-thaw splitting intensity ratio, which shows that the mixture of gradation one has a better water stability. To sum up, gradation one is recommended, designed by Marshall compaction molding with times of 100.
Study on the Layout of Water-Filled Raft WEC in Wave Farm
Authors: Bai Zhi Gang , Shi Lian Bo
Published: December 2012

Wave energy is recognized as an important pollution-free source of power generation in the world. So in last decades wide variety of wave energy converters (WEC) has been developed, meanwhile, more economical and reliable technologies were also under process. It is very vital to decide about the location of the WECs in a wave farm, which can increase the electricity generation [1]. To get the optimum power output, it is necessary to evaluate the layout of WECs by computer simulations, such as SWAN, MIKE21, SWASH, etc [2]. Among them, MIKE21 is a professional modeling and simulation engineering software, and is well known as a tool that provides a design environment for engineering, coastal management and planning applications. So, in this paper, MIKE21 BW was introduced briefly and applied to simulate and calculate the wave parameters of the Chengshantou wave farm, then, the layout of a new-type (Water-filled raft) WECs in the Chengshantou wave farm which can generate higher possible power output was investigated and the optimum scheme was achieved finally.
Research on Energy Saving Directing at Building Lighting System
Authors: Xie Jiang Hong , Wang Jin Ping , Shang Guan Ming Xia , Shao Yang
Published: December 2012

The thesis states the building lighting regulated system composition, basic functions and work processes. Based on the compensation principle, making use of transformer controlled voltage source and the controlled current source model, the thesis analyzes the principle of the system voltage. According to the illumination and life span character of the lighting lamps and lanterns in different voltage, the thesis gets the optimal power supply of building lighting system electric lamps and lanterns. Finally, the building indoor lighting using optimal power supply voltage lighting and energy saving rate of building exterior wall using time-varying stabilized voltage control scheme are analyzed and calculated.
Improved Performances of Graphite Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Incorporating Graphene Nanosheets
Authors: Xu Shun Jian , Luo Yu Feng , Zhong Wei , Liu Xiao Yun , Xiao Zong Hu , Luo Yong Ping
Published: December 2012

Graphene nanosheets (GNs) were introduced into graphite counter electrode to construct a graphite/GNs (GGN) counter electrode to enhance the photovoltaic properties of the dye–sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The efficiency of the DSCs with the GGN electrode is 38.4% higher than that of DSCs with graphite electrode. The improved efficiency is attributed to the enhancement in the short circuit photocurrent density and fill factor. The GNs with high conductivity in the GGN electrode are believed to strengthen the contacts among the graphite particles as well as between the carbon film and the substrate, providing enough conductive paths for the transportation of the electrons in the electrode. Therefore, the sheet resistance of the GGN electrode is reduced and the catalytic activity for triiodide ( ) reduction is improved, which are two factors to enhance the efficiency of the cell.
Robotics Application in Remote Data Acquisition and Control for Solar Ponds
Authors: Elbanhawi Mohamed , Simic Milan
Published: December 2012

This paper presents one application of industrial robots in the automation of renewable energy production. The robot supports remote performance monitoring and maintenance of salinity gradient solar ponds. The details of the design, setup and the use of the robot sampling station and the remote Data Acquisition (DAQ) system are given here. The use of a robot arm, to position equipment and sensors, provides accurate and reliable real time data needed for autonomous monitoring and control of this type of green energy production. Robot upgrade of solar ponds can be easily integrated with existing systems. Data logged by the proposed system can be remotely accessed, plotted and analysed. Thus the simultaneous and remote monitoring of a large scale network of ponds can be easily implemented. This provides a fully automated solution to the monitoring and control of green energy production operations, which can be used to provide heat and electricity to buildings. Remote real time monitoring will facilitate the setup and operations of several solar ponds around cities.
Optimizing the Tilt Angle of Solar Panels by SQP Algorithm
Authors: Khademi Maryam , Jafarkazemi Farzad , Saadabadi S. Ali , Ghazi Ehsan
Published: December 2012

In present research we propose a nonlinear solving method to obtain the optimum tilt angle for solar panels. For this purpose, solar radiation on tilted panels are estimated by applying anisotropic model in Maple and the maximum is obtained by solving parametric nonlinear equations with Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm. Comparing its results with prevalent calculation proved this method faster and more efficient. The used model is validated by comparing results with measured data on a 45o-tilted surface in Tehran, Iran. Results showed solar radiation on a tilted surface increases 32% by monthly adjustments, in comparison with a fixed horizontal surface.
Identification of Non-Volatile Components and Volatile Organic Compounds in Wet Building Materials
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhu Neng
Published: December 2012

The major volatile components in two solvent-based paints, two thinners, and four adhesives have been identified by a method involving pre-treatment by solvent dilution, filtration, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The non-volatile components in these wet building materials have been determined by infrared spectroscopy. The results have shown the major volatile organic compounds in one-component polyurethane varnish and alkyd paint thinner to be nonane, decane, undecane, xylene, ethylbenzene and ethyltoluene. The main film-forming matter in cement floor paint has been identified as styrenated acrylic emulsion, with the volatile components being mainly butyl acetate, decane and benzene series. The basic substances in these adhesives were polychloroprene, styrene butadiene carboxylated latex, or polyvinyl acetate emulsion. The primary volatile compounds in two adhesives were methyl acetate, and many branched-chain and normal alkanes, while those in the other two adhesives were toluene and benzene.
Preparation and Characterization of Al2O3/TiO2/PVDF Polymer Composites Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors: Hong Sun , Hua Song , Yan Lu
Published: December 2012

The polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were modified by blending with nanometer particles to improve its hydrophilic property and anti-fouling performances in the process of waste water treatment. The organic macromolecule composite ultrafiltration (UF) membranes modified by the inorganic nanometer TiO2 and Al2O3 were prepared by a phase inversion process. The composite membranes performances, such as water flux, mechanical strength, water contact angle, retention rate, pores size and pores size distribution, were compared to those of organic membranes. The surface and sectional structures of membranes were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results show that the composite membrane water fluxes increases 79.5% than that of organic membrane with 3% nanometer particles addition and the proportion of TiO2 and Al2O3 is 1:1. The composite membrane average pore size is larger than that of organic membrane and the pore size distribution is more uniform. The composite UF membrane has not only maintained PVDF membrane’s favorable performances but also improved its permeation performance, intensity, hydrophilic and anti-fouling performances.
Research on Gas Emission Index System for Dynamic Prediction of Outburst Danger
Authors: Liu Xiang Lan , Zhao Xu Sheng , Dong Gui Gang
Published: December 2012

Gas emission dynamic prediction is a non-contact and continuous outburst prediction method. It is based on the difference of gas emission characteristics whether the working face exists dangerous factors, selecting appropriate indicators to predict outburst danger. The indicators that reflect abnormal gas emission is divided into four types: gas content, desorption characteristics, gas emission fluctuation and gas emission trend change. This paper gives the calculation model of A index that reflect desorption gas content, B index that reflect coal structure and desorption gas characteristics, S index of gas emission standard deviation, Kv index of gas emission variation coefficient. The validity of the real-time prediction using gas emission index for the working face outburst danger is verified by typical cases.
Paradigm Study in the New Rural Landscape Design and Innovation
Authors: Jiao Li
Published: December 2012

It is the starting point and destination of the planning of the new rural construction to design the new rural landscape, protect th e village environment, historical and cultural heritage, maintain the system of grass- roots belief and establish a dynamic and harmonious society. The old village should not be completely razed, and also it should not be completely changed by the city. Through the patterns of the village landscape, the ecology, history, culture of the rural landscape and the process of social life can go with continuity and regeneration.
Effect of Dry Matter Concentration on Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Manure and Straw
Authors: Shi Li Jun , Huang Miao , Zhang Wei Yu , Liu Hui Fen
Published: December 2012

In this paper anaerobic digestion of dairy manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Under the conditions of C/N=25-30 and T=36°C, five kinds of dry matter concentration of 20%, 15%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% were tested to investigate the effect of dry matter concentration on anaerobic digestion. The result showed that first 30 days was the biogas production peak phase and VFA concentrations in the leachate were also high during the same period. When dry matter concentration increased, biogas production appeared larger fluctuation, and alkalinity and NH4+-N concentration in the leachate also increased with higher organic loading rate. Among five kinds of dry matter concentration, 10% was more suitable for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas with total biogas production amount of 4710 mL after 30 days and volumetric biogas yield of 0.313 m3•m-3•d-1. These results could provide instructive meaning to the engineering application of dry anaerobic digestion.
The Research and Development Based on the UV + US Synergistic Sterilizer
Authors: She Jian Guo , Meng Xian Zhen , Chen Ning
Published: December 2012

Harmful microbes carried by ballast water have led to serious damage, the skill of ultraviolet collaborative ultrasonic is efficient and pollution-free. Using this kind of technology, it designed the sterilization, including tubes selection, UV doses calculation, cylinder body design, US power and frequency design, US transducer selection etc. After the experiment of inactivated algae the results show that this kind of technology is feasible in ballast water treatment.
Particle Removal Efficiencies of a Barrier Board that Pre-Treats High-Turbidity Raw Water
Authors: Chen Jian Liang , Chang Yi Kuo , Lai Chin Hsing , Shen Yun Hwei
Published: December 2012

It tends to produce high-turbidity raw water during the initial period of typhoons or storms and affect the operation of the purifying system. In this research, the particles size (D98) in raw water was 100–125 μm; that in effluent water was <25 μm. When was under 8 ml/s, effluent water D98 was <10 μm. Flow ratio mitigation and the increase of overflow level can improve the particle removing ratio In aspect of particle size analysis, optimal operating conditions can be achieved setting an 8 ml/sec and 40cm overflow level and D98 grain size can be reduced to 6.25μm as well, particle size removal ratio will gradually climb with the increase of accumulated percentage so that it can reach 70 % for the respective effluent water under D50 and even becomes over 80 % under D98. When under D90, the removing ratio can even go beyond 90 % at an 8 ml/s of flow ratio. Therefore, the proposed pre-treatment reduces high turbidity due to the sudden increase of raw water to the barrier in front of the board.
Simultaneous Removal of SO2 and NO with Activated Carbon from Sewage Sludge Modified by Chitosan
Authors: Fan Xiao Dan , Zhang Xiang Kai
Published: December 2012

The simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO was investigated with the activated carbon from sewage sludge (referred as ACS) modified by chitosan (referred as CS).The effects of CS loading and operating conditions on the simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO were analyzed. The results indicate that compared with the ACS, impregnating CS results in significant increase in SO2 or NO removal. Relative humidity enhances SO2 adsorption capacities, but not for NO. The SO2 adsorption capacities of the CS / ACS show no obvious decrease at small amount of NO in the feed. However, higher amounts of NO reduce the SO2 adsorption capacities. The opposite phenomenon appears for NO when a small amount of SO2. So a competitive sorption consists between NO and SO2. Simultaneous adsorptions for NO and SO2 is due to more active sites from CS.
Suspended Solids Removal Efficiencies of a Barrier Board that Pre-Treats High-Turbidity Raw Water
Authors: Chen Jian Liang , Chang Yi Kuo , Lai Chin Hsing , Shen Yun Hwei
Published: December 2012

It tends to produce high-turbidity raw water during the initial period of typhoons or storms and affect the operation of the purifying system. In this research, Raw water suspended solids roughly to 5,000-9,000 mg/l, the removal rate can be to about 70%-90 %, and reduced to 800 mg/l or less, 8 ml/s minimum about 100-400 mg/l. Overall, the quality of effluent water with the overflow water height increased removal rate rose gradually reduce the suspended solids concentration, gravity settling and effective appear, especially the section Ⅳ region (40 cm) removal are more than 80 %, flow 100 ml/s to 84 %, compared with I (10 cm) with 100 ml/s for 74 %, with obvious benefits. The overflow height of the flow of 8 ml/s, and suspended solids by the inlet concentration at 7,400 mg/l to 8,700 mg/l, down to the effluent concentrations are below 300 mg/l, which overflow height of 20, 30, and 40 cm can be reduced to below 200 mg/l, showing that gravitational sedimentation can significantly remove the high concentration of suspended solids.
Investigation of Chemical Cost Reduction in Demineralized Water Production Process
Authors: Tangjitsitcharoen Somkiat , Poolsuwan Bhoomchoopong
Published: December 2012

The objective of this research is to reduce the chemical cost of demineralized water production process. The jar test is used to determine the optimum poly-aluminium chloride (PAC) dosage requirements. This paper investigates the effect of PAC dosage on the turbidity and the pH. Moreover, the mathematical models to predict the percentage of the turbidity and the pH removal are proposed and developed in this paper. According to the experimental results, the optimum PAC dosing not only reduces the cost of PAC, but also reduces the cost of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). Since the reduction of PAC causes the decrease in acidity in the raw water. Hence, the NaOH used to adjust the the pH of the raw water, has less dosage. The chemical cost of the demineralized water production process is reduced by 27.5%
Study on the Influence of Transverse Load on the Mechanical Response of Submarine Flexible Pipe
Authors: Gu Fan , Wang Dan , Wang Hui Xin , Sun Jia Quan
Published: December 2012

Taking 1 year return period wave data statistics of Cheng Dao sea area as an example, the wave-current flow hydrodynamic load acting on submarine flexible pipe was analyzed. According to the actual structure of submarine flexible pipe, ANSYS numerical model was established. Under the combined effect of internal operating pressure and transverse wave-current flow hydrodynamic load, the results calculated by numerical model shows that with the increase of transverse load, the bending deformation of flexible pipe increases linearly, and the stress of flexible pipe is almost constant.
Measurement of SWCC of Xiamen Residual Soil by Filter Paper
Authors: Chen Dong Xia , Zhang Ma Xiu , Lin You Qiang , Ni Jian
Published: December 2012

Soil suction is one of the most important parameters for unsaturated soils. An experimental program was carried out to measure the maric suction of soil specimens of a residual soil in Xiamen by filter paper method. Initial water content, soil structure, and stress state were taken into account to investigate the hysteresis loop of SWCC. The air-entry value of test soil is about 140kPa and residual saturation is about 18%. The soil specimen at wet of optimum has the largest hysteresis loop for a relatively uniform pore-size distribution. However, the soil specimen at dry of optimum has the smallest hysteresis loop. The soil specimen at optimum lies between them. For specimens subjected to different stress states under various applied loads, the higher the applied load on the specimen, the smaller the size of hysteresis loop. In drying or wetting process, there is a significant difference in matric suction though soil specimens are at same water content. Therefore, for this kind of soil, it should be attention that the shear strength may be greatly reduced during rainstorms.
Analysis of Thermal-Mechanical for Casing Damage in Steam Injection Wells
Authors: Chen Hai Bin , Ge Nan , Zhu Qing Jie
Published: December 2012

In steam injection wells, the temperature of heat steam is very high and casing is heated during steam injection process, which has become the main reason of casing damage. Therefore, finite element model is very important to analyze the thermal mechanical coupling and casing damage in steam injection wells. Three-dimensional finite element model is investigated; geometry model is constructed with native and parasolid method in ADINA. The casing is modeled by native method and strata are modeled by parasolid method, casing is subtracted and merged with strata by Boolean Operation. Comprehensive loads are defined in structure model, and temperature load in thermal model. In thermal model, all materials are treated as heat conduction material. Thermal-mechanical coupling and casing damage are calculated with finite element model of thermal-mechanical coupling. According to the calculating results, the mechanism of casing damage is analyzed. Finally, some advice is proposed to the protection of casing in steam injection wells.
Theoretic Analysis of the Different Shape Combined Slabs Based on CATIA
Authors: Dong Chen , Yin Wan Yun , Jiao Guo , Cui Jian Hua , Jin Ren Cai , Liu Shou Chen
Published: December 2012

The paper made a simple study about the stress and nodal displacement theoretic analysis of different shape combined slabs by CATIA.It shows the following result in a visible way with 3D technology: First, the bearing capacity of combined slabs has a great relationship with their shape. Second, the vertical combined slabs can afford stress further surpass the horizontal combined slabs in the same condition and made by the same material.
Static-Based Damage Detection Using Measured Strain and Deflection Data
Authors: Eun Hee Chang , Park Su Yong , Lee Min Su
Published: December 2012

This study investigates the effectiveness of the damage detection methods depending on the data measured by strain and deflection sensors. The experimental work considers the damage detection by measured data only without the baseline data of intact structure. It is shown that the strain sensor cannot indicate the damage if the sensor doesn’t locate at the damage. But the deflection sensor provides the information on the damage from the deflected curve by collected data. The results are illustrated in experimental work.
Research on Two-Step Damage Detection Method for Complex Gird Truss Structure under Wind Load
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Xue Liang , Qu Wei Lian
Published: December 2012

Considering characteristics of gird truss structure, the suitable two-step damage detection method for these structures is proposed in the paper. The acceleration power spectral density sensibility of structural nodes is obtained by analyzing their acceleration power spectral density value caused every damaged structural bar. According to sensibility value, the range of influence of damaged structural bar is determined, then structural sub regions are divided and accelerators are distributed. The first step damage detection methods is identifying damaged bar occurrence region, it is extracting damage index to identify the damage occurrence region based on changes of acceleration response power spectral density of structure damaged after and before. The second step damage detection methods is located damaged bar in the region, it is completed by finding the damaged bar based on the theory of dissipation ratio of modal strain energy damage detection method. At last, taking the gird truss structure as numerical example, it shows the method has the capability to detect the damage of complex gird truss structures successfully.
Batter Pile Static Load Test and Analysis
Authors: Zhang Li Lan , Wu Yao Dong
Published: December 2012

This paper through the test results and theoretical calculation of the batter pile static load, analysis of the actual stress state of cables, and according to the test results to determine the level of the foundation soil resistance coefficient ratio and allow level a transplant.
System Reliability Evaluation Based on Stochastic Limit Analysis
Authors: Yu Bo , Yang Lu Feng
Published: December 2012

It is quite difficult to estimate system reliability of complex structures which involve lots of potential failure modes. A novel method for system reliability analysis of frame structure was proposed based on stochastic limit analysis. Stochastic limit load was firstly calculated based on the elastic modulus reduction method (EMRM) by taking the uncertainty of structural resistance into account. Once the limit state equation was established by the stochastic limit load, the system reliability index can be calculated by the first-order reliability method (FORM) efficiently. Numerical example illustrates the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method by comparing with the traditional failure mode analysis approaches.
The Stability Impact Study for Blasting near Underground Caverns
Authors: Sha Cheng Man , Wang En De , Fu Jian Fei , Hou Gen Qun , Zhang Tian Bao
Published: December 2012

Nowadays, the safety effection study of the surface explosion operations on underground cavern safety become more and more important along with engineering construction's development. In this paper, effection of open stope surface explosive operations on underlying gap cavern as an example on studying the effection of blasting shock on underground cavern stability with the method of field monitoring and numerical simulation.When the explosion source and seismic gap are almost in the same level, the longitudinal wave leads the role of damage effect. The most dangerous part of the mined-out area is the spandrel. The collapse models of mined-out area manifest are as follows, cracks appear on 45. Inclined top of surface in mined-out area, the spandrels appear broken, surface cracks expand further, broken parts of spandrel are aggravated, arch waist are in jog and the side collapse inward in the end.
Numerical Modeling and Optimizing Construction Schemes for Transition Section Complex Structure of Large Scale Underground Railway Station and Tunnel
Authors: Cao Rui Lang , He Shao Hui , Gao De Lian
Published: December 2012

Based on the engineering background of New Beijing-Zhangjiakou Inter-city railway Badaling underground station and tunnel transition section construction, the problem of tri-arch and large-span variable single arch construction schemes in the transition section launched research. This paper draws some basis and the law as reference in construction process by the simulate calculation of ABAQUS finite element analysis software. This thesis discuss the frequently-used methods(middle cell method, one-side wall drift heading method, CRD-4 holes method and CRD-6 holes method) that is used in large-scale variable cross-section tunnel engineering research and analysis the stress, deformation and plastic areas distribution of surrounding rock by the simulate calculation of construction process. By comparative analysis, confirm the best construction scheme of transition section: the middle cell method applies to tri-arch cross-section and the CRD-4 holes method applies to large-span single arch of variable cross-section. It can offer direct guidance to the Badaling underground station and tunnel transition section project and some reference to similar underground projects.
Analysis of a Collapse in Deep Tunnel Based on Microseismic Monitoring
Authors: Feng Guang Liang , Feng Xia Ting , Zhao Zhou Neng , Liu Guo Feng , Xiao Ya Xun
Published: December 2012

Tunnel collapse causes serious casualties and economic losses. One typical case analysis of a collapse in deep-buried tunnel based on microseismic monitoring is presented. The results show that the number of microseismic event keeps increasing and the distribution of microseismic events becomes concentrated in space domain gradually during collapse nucleation process. And average distance squared decreases gradually during the imminent period time just before the collapse. The failure evolution mechanism of the collapse is analyzed by moment tensor method. It is noted that the failure mechanism between this kind of collapse and immediate strain-structure rockburst is similar. However, the proportion of shear and mixed fracture for collapse is higher than immediate strain-structure rockburst. It due to the rich structure planes in collapse zone.
Theoretical Analysis on Pressure Arch Boundary around Circular Tunnel
Authors: Li Da Peng , Cui Chuan An , Duan Cheng Hui , Zhao Jian Kui
Published: December 2012

Pressure arch is a phenomenon of rock mass stress restructuring to display itself bearing capacity, one of the important aspects is determination of the pressure arch boundary, and now the main method to determine the pressure arch boundary is numerical analysis. In order to determine the pressure arch boundary theoretically, a circular tunnel is taken as analyzing model, and the secondary stress condition around the rock mass is analyzed, also the equations of horizontal stress and vertical stress are deduced, and then the variation regulation of horizontal stress and vertical stress are discussed. On this basis, 3 kinds of pressure arch boundary determination methods are researched, and the boundaries of each method are found out, finally, the differences of the methods are compared. The results show that every determination method of pressure arch boundary has its own rationality, and they can provide reference for engineering and new arch boundary determination method.
Forward Simulation and Image Analysis of Ground-Penetrating Radar for Subsurface Pipes
Authors: Ling Dai Jian , Fu Shi Hu , Yuan Jian Li
Published: December 2012

This study focuses on the basic electromagnetic theory of ground penetrating radar（GPR）and program composition with finite difference time domain (FDTD) to solve the Maxwell curl equations. The radar forward map for subsurface pipes in different diameter was simulated, and then the Matlab program is used to extract this different image feature, the Fourier transform is used for fitting curve in the corresponding region, as a result that the images curvature and radius data are obtained. Finally, the relationship between pipe diameter and curvature radius is achieved by contrasting this data, which provides accurate and reliable basis for non-professionals in radar image recognition for engineering pipe.
Research Review on Bearing Capacity of Pile Foundation under Complex Loads
Authors: Zhang Jian Wei , Kong Qing Mei , Wang Bo
Published: December 2012

With the deepening of China's urbanization, the urban construction land in the mountainous areas is becoming increasingly tense, more and more bulidings pile had to be built on the hillsides. The pile is not only as foundation, but also have the role of reinforcement slope, its mechanical property is complex more than the anti-slide pile and ground piles under lateral load. Now the analysis against its bearing characteristics and deformation mechanism are not perfect, carrying out a thorough and meticulous research review is necessarily. Based on the review of current study on pile under icomplex loads, the present study provides a train of thought for further research on the behavior of pile under complex load.
The Dynamic Construction Numerical Analysis of Large-Span Section, Long and Deep-Depth Tunnel
Authors: Bao Hui Ming , Xiong Xin
Published: December 2012

Using finite element principle, the numerical simulation analysis model of the tunnels with large-span, long and deep-depth was established. The killed cells excavated in part as, while supporting part as a unit was reactivated among the simulation analysis. The changing characteristics of the initial stress field, the circular soil excavation and supporting, the core soil excavation, as well as the down step excavation and supporting was simulated analysis during dynamic construction of the tunnel. Those will be provided a scientific basis for the safe construction.
Numerical Analysis of Deformation Effect on Adjacent Piles Due to Excavation
Authors: Ding Zu De , Peng Li Min , Shi Cheng Hua
Published: December 2012

Combined with the project of an open cut metro tunnel passing through a viaduct, three- dimensional finite element method is applied to study the lateral deformation law of viaduct pile foundations induced by adjacent excavation in the pile foundations reinforcement and un-reinforcement conditions. The results show that the lateral deformation of pile foundations increases with the increasing of excavation depth. The closer distance and the larger deformation, the influence of pile foundations on excavation will be more obvious. The pile foundations deformation is significantly reduced when taking protection measures such as adding new piles, expanding the pile cap and strengthening stratum. Compared with the maximum deformation of the un-reinforcement condition, the reinforcement condition is only 27% to 30%, and the reinforcement measure is remarkably effective. In addition, the length of the piles, the depth of foundation pit, as well as the relative positions of walls and piles have significant influences on piles deformation forms, and it should be taken into account in the design and construction of foundation pit.