bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Inner Disk in the Large Gap of the Transition Disk SR 24S
Authors: Pinilla Paola , Benisty Myriam , Cazzoletti Paolo , Harsono Daniel , Pérez Laura M. , Tazzari Marco
Published: June 2019

We report new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 3 observations at 2.75 mm of the transition disk around SR 24S, with an angular resolution of ∼0.″11 × 0.″09 and a peak signal-to-noise ratio of ∼24. We detect an inner disk and a mostly symmetric ring-like structure that peaks at ∼0.″32, which is ∼37 au at a distance of ∼114.4 pc. The full width at half maximum of this ring is ∼28 au. We analyze the observed structures by fitting the dust continuum visibilities using different models for the intensity profile, and compare with previous ALMA observations of the same disk at 0.45 and 1.30 mm. We qualitatively compare the results of these fits with theoretical predictions of different scenarios for the formation of a cavity or large gap. The comparison of the dust continuum structure between different ALMA bands indicates that photoevaporation and the dead zone can be excluded as leading mechanisms for the cavity formation in the SR 24S disk, leaving the planet scenario (single or multiple planets) as the most plausible mechanism. We compared the 2.75 mm emission with published (sub)centimeter data and find that the inner disk is likely tracing dust thermal emission. This implies that any companion in the system should allow dust to move inwards throughout the gap and replenish the inner disk. In the case of one single planet, this puts strong constraints on the mass of the potential planet inside the cavity and the disk viscosity of about ≲5 M
Jup and α ∼ 10−4–10−3, respectively.
The Impact of Environment on Late-time Evolution of the Stellar Mass–Halo Mass Relation
Authors: Golden-Marx Jesse B. , Miller Christopher J.
Published: June 2019

At a fixed halo mass, galaxy clusters with larger differences in brightness between the brightest central galaxy (BCG) and fourth-brightest cluster member (m
gap) have larger BCG stellar masses. Recent studies have shown that by including m
gap as a latent parameter in the cluster stellar mass–halo mass (SMHM) relation, one can make more precise measurements of the SMHM relation’s amplitude, slope, and intrinsic scatter. We use galaxy clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to measure the SMHM–m
gap relation and its evolution out to z = 0.3. Using a fixed comoving aperture of 100 kpc to define the central galaxy’s stellar mass, we report statistically significant negative evolution in the slope of the SMHM relation to z = 0.3 (>3.5σ). The steepening of the slope over the past 3.5 Gyr can be explained by late-time merger activity at the cores of galaxy clusters. We also find that the inferred slope depends on the aperture used to define the radial extent of the central galaxy. At small radii (20 kpc), the slope of the SMHM relation is shallow, indicating that the core of the central galaxy is less related to the growth of the underlying host halo. By including all of the central galaxy’s light within 100 kpc, the slope reaches an asymptote value.
Efficacy and Safety of Dolutegravir plus Boosted-Darunavir Dual Therapy among Highly Treatment-Experienced Patients
Authors: Vizcarra Pilar , Fontecha María , Monsalvo Marta , Vivancos María J , Rojo Aurora , Casado Jose L
Published: June 2019

Background

Dual therapies decrease toxicity, pill-burden and treatment-associated cost. The combination of high genetic barrier drugs such as dolutegravir plus boosted-darunavir may be suitable as simplification regimen for patients harbouring multidrug-resistant virus.

Methods

Patients switched to a once-daily regimen consisting of dolutegravir plus darunavir, boosted with cobicistat or ritonavir, were included in this cohort study. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with HIV RNA viral load <37 copies/ml at week 48 (NCT02491242).

Results

Overall, 51 patients were enrolled. At baseline, all patients had failed to ≥2 antiretroviral classes. Genotypic resistance profiles showed a mean of primary mutations of 1.2 for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 2.4 for nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors and 3.5 for protease inhibitors (PIs), but they were virologically suppressed for a median of 33 months (IQR 12–60). Only five patients had reduced sensitivity to darunavir and mean genotypic susceptibility score of dual therapy was 1.95 over 2. At week 48, there were no virological failures, three patients discontinued the regimen due to neuropsychiatric adverse events, two were lost to follow-up, and therefore the efficacy was 90% (95% CI, 82, 99%, intention-to-treat analysis). Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased by 8.8 ml/min/1.73 m2, though kidney tubular parameters, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides levels improved after switching to dual therapy.

Conclusions

In highly treatment-experienced patients who were virologically suppressed, switching to the combination of dolutegravir plus boosted-darunavir dual therapy was effective and well tolerated, improving lipid and renal parameters.
Evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por las terrazas agrícolas
Authors: Romero-Díaz Asunción , De Vente Joris , Díaz-Pereira Elvira
Published: June 2019

Las terrazas agrícolas son ampliamente utilizadas en todo el mundo desde la antigüedad. Su interés paisajístico es innegable y algunas de ellas forman parte del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO. Son prácticas muy eficaces para la conservación del suelo y el agua a través del control de la escorrentía y la erosión, y proporcionan a los agricultores y a la sociedad importantes Servicios Ecosistémicos (SE). Presentamos un estudio basado en ejemplos de terrazas documentados en detalle en la base de datos WOCAT (World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies), complementado con una revisión de la literatura científica sobre los impactos de las terrazas, con el objetivo de evaluar los múltiples SE que proporcionan. Los resultados muestran que los SE más importantes proporcionados por la construcción de terrazas están relacionados con servicios de regulación como el control de la erosión, escorrentía y otros riesgos naturales externos. Además, la presencia de terrazas favorece servicios de aprovisionamiento como el suministro de alimentos, fibras, y cantidad y calidad del agua. Se constatan las funciones ambientales, geomorfológicas e hidrológicas de las terrazas, así como la mejora de la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Sin embargo, los avances tecnológicos en la agricultura han llevado al abandono de este tipo de construcciones, con importantes riesgos de erosión y pérdida de SE. Nuestra evaluación destaca la importancia de preservar y restaurar las terrazas como parte de la agricultura regenerativa, con múltiples beneficios para el funcionamiento de los paisajes culturales y, en definitiva, para la sociedad.
Murine T Cell Maturation Entails Protection from MBL2, but Complement Proteins Do Not Drive Clearance of Cells That Fail Maturation in the Absence of NKAP
Authors: Dash Barsha , Belmonte Paul J. , Fine Sydney R. , Shapiro Michael J. , Chung Ji Young , Schwab Aaron D. , McCue Shaylene A. , Rajcula Matthew J. , Shapiro Virginia Smith
Published: June 2019

Recent thymic emigrants that fail postpositive selection maturation are targeted by complement proteins. T cells likely acquire complement resistance during maturation in the thymus, a complement-privileged organ. To test this, thymocytes and fresh serum were separately obtained and incubated together in vitro to assess complement deposition. Complement binding decreased with development and maturation. Complement binding decreased from the double-positive thymocyte to the single-positive stage, and within single-positive thymocytes, complement binding gradually decreased with increasing intrathymic maturation. Binding of the central complement protein C3 to wild-type immature thymocytes required the lectin but not the classical pathway. Specifically, MBL2 but not MBL1 was required, demonstrating a unique function for MBL2. Previous studies demonstrated that the loss of NKAP, a transcriptional regulator of T cell maturation, caused peripheral T cell lymphopenia and enhanced complement susceptibility. To determine whether complement causes NKAP-deficient T cell disappearance, both the lectin and classical pathways were genetically ablated. This blocked C3 deposition on NKAP-deficient T cells but failed to restore normal cellularity, indicating that complement contributes to clearance but is not the primary cause of peripheral T cell lymphopenia. Rather, the accumulation of lipid peroxides in NKAP-deficient T cells was observed. Lipid peroxidation is a salient feature of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent nonapoptotic cell death. Thus, wild-type thymocytes naturally acquire the ability to protect themselves from complement targeting by MBL2 with maturation. However, NKAP-deficient immature peripheral T cells remain scarce in complement-deficient mice likely due to ferroptosis.
Conhecimento de estudantes de medicina sobre o protocolo Spikes
Authors: Feitosa Junior Denilson José Silva , Tabosa Eduarda Sá , Franco Louise Vargas Polaro , Gouveia Eduardo Henrique Herbster , Teixeira Renan Kleber Costa , Silva José Antônio Cordero da
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de estudantes de medicina sobre o protocolo Spikes. Método: Foram feitas perguntas relativas às habilidades de comunicação, ao conhecimento do protocolo Spikes e questões sobre o próprio protocolo a estudantes de medicina do 3º, 4º e 5º ano de uma universidade pública. De acordo com a natureza das variáveis, foi realizado o teste Anova seguido do teste de Contingência em C. Resultados: Verificou-se que 73.75% dos alunos afirmaram o desconhecimento acerca do Spikes. O terceiro ano apresentou mais conhecimento do protocolo. Nenhum estudante do quarto ano afirmou ter tido contato com o protocolo e 18.75% do quinto ano apresentaram conhecimento acerca do mesmo. Conclusão: Os resultados permitem inferir que o 3º ano de medicina da Uepa foi o que recebeu, até hoje, o maior treinamento a nível de ensino formal, enquanto o 5º é o que mais aprendeu com a prática. Já o 4º ano apresenta deficiência nos dois aspectos sendo, inclusive, o ano em que nenhum dos entrevistados alegou ter conhecimento do protocolo Spikes.
Caracterização clínica, antropométrica e identificação da síndrome de emaciação em portadores do vírus HIV hospitalizados
Authors: Gonçalves Rubens Samuel Lima , Morais Rayanne Mendonça , Ataíde Bruno Rafael Batista de , Miranda Rozinéia de Nazaré Alberto
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: Conhecer o estado clínico, nutricional e identificar a síndrome de emaciação em pacientes portadores do HIV hospitalizados. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado no período de janeiro a julho de 2018 com 81 indivíduos portadores do HIV hospitalizados. Foi elaborado um questionário para a pesquisa, com a finalidade de obter informações dos pacientes referentes aos dados sociais, demográficos, clínicos e antropométricos. Resultados: Houve prevalência do sexo masculino, 86,4% dos pacientes relataram estar solteiros, a escolaridade teve igualdade de valores (32,1%) para ensino fundamental incompleto e médio completo, 66,7% deles viviam com 1 a 3 salários mínimos. Quanto ao estilo de vida o uso do álcool e o sedentarismo predominaram na população estudada. A causa de destaque para a internação foi à presença da tuberculose (28,4%) nos portadores do HIV. O estado nutricional quanto ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) predominou-se a eutrofia, seguida de desnutrição nas medidas da circunferência do braço (CB) e da prega cutânea tricipital (PCT) da amostra geral. A síndrome de emaciação foi diagnosticada em 27 pacientes onde predominou a desnutrição grave em todas as variáveis antropométricas investigadas, IMC, CB e a PCT. Conclusão: O grupo estudado nesta pesquisa apresentou prevalência de desnutrição, fato que torna importante o acompanhamento do estado nutricional e o delineamento de intervenções nutricionais.
método fishbowl como estratégia para discutir terminalidade da vida na graduação em medicina
Authors: Albuquerque Mário Roberto Tavares Cardoso de , Botelho Nara Macedo , Silva José Antonio Cordero da
Published: June 2019

Discutir a terminalidade da vida deve ser prioridade dos cursos de graduação em saúde. Tal importância crescente se justifica pela experiência ante morte ser algo além de um simples evento biológico. É uma experiência humana radical para quem vive e para quem cuida e acompanha o paciente. Inquestionavelmente é um momento de medo e incerteza, mas também de cuidados, amor e gratidão, e pode ser um ponto de reconciliação, responsabilidade, aprendizado e transformação para todos os envolvidos. Esta experiência teve por objetivo descrever as concepções de graduandos do primeiro ano de medicina acerca da terminalidade da vida, observadas durante atividade de educação em saúde realizada por meio do método fishbowl. Concluiu-se que o método fishbowl (aquário) trouxe benefícios para a atividade ao estimular alunos menos participativos a debater ao passo que mantinha em estado de atenção e observação aqueles que comumente eram mais exaltados. Evitando interdições prejudiciais ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Após a atividade educacional os alunos se mostraram mais confiantes sobre as temáticas abordadas e mudaram condutas no sentido de respeitar a vontade do paciente e inserir a família na tomada de decisões.
The Markov Model of Labor Force Activity 2012-17: Extended Tables of Central Tendency, Shape, Percentile Points, and Bootstrap Standard Errors
Authors: Skoog Gary R. , Ciecka James E. , Krueger Kurt V.
Published: June 2019

This paper updates the Skoog-Ciecka-Krueger (2011) study which used 2005-09 U.S. population labor force data to estimate worklife expectancies. This update presents estimates using 2012-17 labor force data for persons ages 18 and over by sex and education. These updated estimates are presented as before as a set of worklife tables, including extended probability calculations and other statistical measures useful to forensic economists. Transition probabilities, by age, gender, and education, are contained in the electronic supplementary materials.
Effect of temperature on the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) from alpha-pinene ozonolysis
Authors: Quéléver Lauriane L. J. , Kristensen Kasper , Normann Jensen Louise , Rosati Bernadette , Teiwes Ricky , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Peräkylä Otso , Roldin Pontus , Bossi Rossana , Pedersen Henrik B. , Glasius Marianne , Bilde Merete , Ehn Mikael
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are important contributors
to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and new-particle formation (NPF) in the
boreal atmosphere. This newly discovered class of molecules is efficiently
formed from atmospheric oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), such as monoterpenes, through a process called autoxidation. This
process, in which peroxy-radical intermediates isomerize to allow addition of
molecular oxygen, is expected to be highly temperature-dependent. Here, we
studied the dynamics of HOM formation during α-pinene ozonolysis
experiments performed at three different temperatures, 20, 0 and
−15 ∘C, in the Aarhus University Research on Aerosol (AURA)
chamber. We found that the HOM formation, under our experimental conditions
(50 ppb α-pinene and 100 ppb ozone), decreased considerably at
lower temperature, with molar yields dropping by around a factor of 50
when experiments were performed at 0 ∘C, compared to 20 ∘C.
At −15 ∘C, the HOM signals were already close to the detection
limit of the nitrate-based chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface
time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer used for measuring gas-phase
HOMs. Surprisingly, comparing spectra measured at 0 and 20 ∘C,
ratios between HOMs of different oxidation levels, e.g., the typical HOM
products C10H14O7, C10H14O9, and
C10H14O11, changed considerably less than the total HOM
yields. More oxidized species have undergone more isomerization steps;
yet, at lower temperature, they did not decrease more than the less oxidized
species. One possible explanation is that the primary rate-limiting steps
forming these HOMs occur before the products become oxygenated enough to be
detected by our CI-APi-TOF (i.e., typically seven or more oxygen atoms). The
strong temperature dependence of HOM formation was observed under
temperatures highly relevant to the boreal forest, but the exact magnitude
of this effect in the atmosphere will be much more complex: the fate of
peroxy radicals is a competition between autoxidation (influenced by
temperature and VOC type) and bimolecular termination pathways (influenced
mainly by concentration of reaction partners). While the temperature
influence is likely smaller in the boreal atmosphere than in our chamber, both the
magnitude and complexity of this effect clearly deserve more consideration
in future studies in order to estimate the ultimate role of HOMs on SOA and
NPF under different atmospheric conditions.
Extratropical age of air trends and causative factors in climate projection simulations
Authors: Šácha Petr , Eichinger Roland , Garny Hella , Pišoft Petr , Dietmüller Simone , de la Torre Laura , Plummer David A. , Jöckel Patrick , Morgenstern Olaf , Zeng Guang , Butchart Neal , Añel Juan A.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Climate model simulations show an acceleration of the
Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) in response to climate change. While the
general mechanisms for the BDC strengthening are widely understood, there
are still open questions concerning the influence of the details of the wave driving. Mean age of stratospheric air (AoA) is a useful transport
diagnostic for assessing changes in the BDC. Analyzing AoA from a subset of
Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative part 1 climate projection simulations, we
find a remarkable agreement between most of the models in simulating the
largest negative AoA trends in the extratropical lower to middle
stratosphere of both hemispheres (approximately between 20 and 25 geopotential kilometers (gpkm) and 20–50∘ N and S). We show that the occurrence of AoA trend minima in those regions is directly
related to the climatological AoA distribution, which is sensitive to an
upward shift of the circulation in response to climate change. Also other
factors like a reduction of aging by mixing (AbM) and residual circulation
transit times (RCTTs) contribute to the AoA distribution changes by widening
the AoA isolines. Furthermore, we analyze the time evolution of AbM and RCTT trends in the extratropics and examine the connection to possible drivers
focusing on local residual circulation strength, net tropical upwelling and
wave driving. However, after the correction for a vertical shift of pressure
levels, we find only seasonally significant trends of residual circulation
strength and zonal mean wave forcing (resolved and unresolved) without a
clear relation between the trends of the analyzed quantities. This indicates
that additional causative factors may influence the AoA, RCTT and AbM
trends. In this study, we postulate that the shrinkage of the stratosphere
has the potential to influence the RCTT and AbM trends and thereby cause
additional AoA changes over time.
RH-dependent organic aerosol thermodynamics via an efficient
reduced-complexity model
Authors: Gorkowski Kyle , Preston Thomas C. , Zuend Andreas
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Water plays an essential role in aerosol chemistry, gas-particle partitioning, and particle viscosity, but it is typically omitted in thermodynamic models describing the mixing within organic aerosol phases and the partitioning of semivolatile organics. In this study, we introduce the Binary Activity Thermodynamics (BAT) model, a water-sensitive, reduced-complexity model treating the non-ideal mixing of water and organics. The BAT model can process different levels of physicochemical mixture information enabling its application in the thermodynamic aerosol treatment within chemical transport models, the evaluation of humidity effects in environmental chamber studies, and the analysis of field observations. It is capable of using organic structure information including O:C, H:C, molar mass, and vapor pressure, which can be derived from identified compounds or estimated from bulk aerosol properties. A key feature of the BAT model is predicting the extent of liquid-liquid phase separation occurring within aqueous mixtures containing hydrophobic organics. This is crucial to simulating the abrupt change in water uptake behavior of moderately hygroscopic organics at high relative humidity, which is essential for capturing the correct behavior of organic aerosols serving as cloud condensation nuclei. For gas-particle partitioning predictions, we complement a Volatility Basis Set (VBS) approach with the BAT model to account for non-ideality and liquid-liquid equilibrium effects. To improve the computational efficiency of this approach, we trained two neural networks; the first for the prediction of aerosol water content at given relative humidity, and the second for the partitioning of semivolatile components. The integrated VBS + BAT model is benchmarked against high-fidelity molecular-level gas-particle equilibrium calculations based on the AIOMFAC model. Organic aerosol systems derived from alpha-pinene or isoprene oxidation are used for comparison. Predicted organic mass concentrations agree within less than a 5 % error in the isoprene case, which is a significant improvement over a traditional VBS implementation. In the case of the alpha-pinene system, the error is less than 2 % up to a relative humidity of 94 %, with larger errors past that point. The goal of the BAT model is to represent the bulk O:C and molar mass dependencies of a wide range of water-organic mixtures to a reasonable degree of accuracy. In this context, we discuss that the reduced-complexity effort may be poor at representing a specific binary water-organic mixture perfectly. However, the averaging effects of our reduced-complexity model become more representative when the mixture diversity increases in terms of organic functionality and number of components.
Comparing three approaches of spatial disaggregation of legacy soil maps based on DSMART algorithm
Authors: Ellili Yosra , Malone Brendan Philip , Michot Didier , Minasny Budiman , Vincent Sébastien , Walter Christian , Lemercier Blandine
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Enhancing the spatial resolution of pedological information is a great challenge in the field of Digital Soil Mapping (DSM). Several techniques have emerged to disaggregate conventional soil maps initially available at coarser spatial resolution than required for solving environmental and agricultural issues. At the regional level, polygon maps represent soil cover as a tessellation of polygons defining Soil Map Units (SMU), where each SMU can include one or several Soil Type Units (STU) with given proportions derived from expert knowledge. Such polygon maps can be disaggregated at finer spatial resolution by machine learning algorithms using the Disaggregation and Harmonisation of Soil Map Units Through Resampled Classification Trees (DSMART) algorithm. This study aimed to compare three approaches of spatial disaggregation of legacy soil maps based on DSMART decision trees to test the hypothesis that the disaggregation of soil landscape distribution rules may improve the accuracy of the resulting soil maps. Overall, two modified DSMART algorithm (DSMART with extra soil profiles, DSMART with soil landscape relationships) and the original DSMART algorithm were tested. The quality of disaggregated soil maps at 50 m resolution was assessed over a large study area (6775 km2) using an external validation based on independent 135 soil profiles selected by probability sampling, 755 legacy soil profiles and existing detailed 1 : 25 000 soil maps. Pairwise comparisons were also performed, using Shannon entropy measure, to spatially locate differences between disaggregated maps. The main results show that adding soil landscape relationships in the disaggregation process enhances the performance of prediction of soil type distribution. Considering the three most probable STU and using 135 independent soil profiles, the overall accuracy measures are: 19.8 % for DSMART with expert rules against 18.1 % for the original DSMART and 16.9 % for DSMART with extra soil profiles. These measures were almost twofold higher when validated using 3 × 3 windows. They achieved 28.5 % for DSMART with soil landscape relationships, 25.3 % and 21 % for original DSMART and DSMART with extra soil observations, respectively. In general, adding soil landscape relationships as well as extra soil observations constraints the model to predict a specific STU that can occur in specific environmental conditions. Thus, including global soil landscape expert rules in the DSMART algorithm is crucial to obtain consistent soil maps with clear internal disaggregation of SMU across the landscape.
Resolving a 200-year-old taxonomic conundrum: neotype designation for Cephalothrix linearis (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) based on a topotype from Bergen, Norway
Authors: Kajihara Hiroshi
Published: June 2019

The taxonomic identity of the palaeonemertean Cephalothrix linearis (Rathke, 1799) has been obscure for nearly two centuries, because its original description applies to almost any congeners, including Cephalothrix filiformis (Johnston 1828) and Cephalothrix rufifrons (Johnston, 1837), which occur commonly in the North Sea and adjacent waters. In this paper, I redescribe C. linearis based on two topotypes from Bergen, one herein designated as the neotype for C. linearis, because Rathke’s original material is not extant; I invoke Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to fix Planaria linearis Rathke, 1799 as the type species of Cephalothrix Örsted, 1843 for the sake of stability. From the neotype, I determined sequences of the 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. Using the COI sequence, I inferred the phylogenetic position of C. linearis along with 316 cephalotrichid sequences currently available in public databases. A tree-based species delimitation analysis detected 43 entities among them, with 34 in Cephalothrix and nine in eitherBalionemertes or Cephalotrichella. I apply valid species names to 12 of the 34 entities in Cephalothrix. I tabulated a total of 36 nominal species that are likely the members of the genus; the following five were excluded even though their specific names were originally combined with Cephalothrix: Cephalothrix armata Ulyanin, 1870 [Monostilifera, possibly Emplectonema gracile (Johnston, 1837)], Cephalothrix fragilis Bürger, 1892 [now Cephalotrichella signata (Hubrecht, 1879)], Cephalothrix signata Hubrecht, 1879 [now in Cephalotrichella], Cephalothrix unipunctata Parfitt, 1867 [now Tetrastemma melanocephalum (Johnston, 1837) (Monostilifera)], and Cephalothrix viridis Chapuis, 1886 [possibly Heteronemertea]. The five names cephalothrix Diesing, 1850 (as Borlasia cephalothrix), kroyeri Diesing, 1850 (as Cephalothrix kroyeri), linearis Diesing, 1850 (as Borlasia linearis), lineata Claparède, 1862 (as Cephalothrix lineata), and oerstedii Diesing, 1850 (as Cephalothrix oerstedii) aredeclared nomenclaturally unavailable.
From Exile to Migrancy: Eastern and Central European Models of Cosmopolitical Writing
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Dorota
Published: June 2019

In a comparative reading of Central European authors emigrating to the United States, I analyze the shifting role of the writer in the changing models of migrancy. World War II emigrations were often permanent, and the need to sustain contact with the old country as a repository of traditions turned the old country into a sacrosanct space. Writers were expected to support and reinforce the old country ethos. In post–World War II emigrations, including exiles repressed by communist regimes, a similar need is visible. Émigré writers were expected to assume the role of national bards, politically engaged in the cause of freedom for their compatriots. Reading authors who emigrated to the United States—Henryk Grynberg, Janusz Głowacki, and Dubravka Ugresić—I trace the development of what I propose to call the “cosmopolitical” agenda (a neologism linking cosmopolitanism with politics) in global migrant writing. The distinguishing feature of such cosmopolitical migrant writing from Central Europe is a particularly acerbic and language-driven sense of humor based on a self-deprecating, anarchistic attitude toward reality. They also offer subversive representations of the United States, where this space of freedom for an exile from a communist regime was also a space of oppression, repression, and silencing.
Outlining the Language Policy and Planning (LPP) in Fiji; Taking Directions From Fiji Islands Education Commission Report of 2000
Authors: Goundar Prashneel Ravisan
Published: June 2019

Language is something many individuals take for granted. It is usually when we discover that our language (or language variety) is different from and perhaps less valued than, the language of others or that our options are somehow limited, either because ‘we do not speak/understand a language or language variety, or use it inappropriately or ineffectively in a particular context that we begin to pay attention to language’. This paper gives a sketch of Language Policy and Planning (LPP) which is becoming a well-researched field for many academics as well as postgraduate students. The article provides the latest pertinent information on Fiji’s LPP, the linguistic background as well as the medium of instruction (MOI). It further deliberates on the recommendations from the Fiji Islands Education Commission Report of 2000 which is a well-articulated document that provides an overt grounding for LPP in the South Pacific.
Eingeschränkte Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben für Menschen mit hohem Unterstützungsbedarf in Deutschland – aktuelle Situation und Ausblick
Authors: Walter Jochen , Kaufmann Martin
Published: June 2019

Seit der Verabschiedung der Werkstattkonzeption vor mehr als 40 Jahren existiert für Menschen mit hohem Unterstützungsbedarf eine Trennlinie zwischen der Werkstatt für behinderte Menschen und der Förderstätte (bzw. Tagesförderstätte). Die juristische Basis hierfür ist im § 219 Absatz 2 und 3 des neuen SGB IX (früher: § 136 Abs. 2 und 3 des SGB IX) zu finden. Das darin formulierte »Mindestmaß wirtschaftlich verwertbarer Arbeitsleistung«, das jemand in der Lage sein muss zu erbringen, war für Menschen mit hohem Unterstützungsbedarf in der Vergangenheit das größte Hindernis beim Zugang zu Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben und ist es bis dato geblieben. Nicht nur die formal-juristische Beschreibung des Mindestmaßes, sondern auch die praktische Auslegung ist mit vielen Problemen behaftet.
Catch me if U can!
Authors: Herrmann Annett
Published: June 2019

Wie gewinnen wir die Besten? Wie können wir Mitarbeitende binden und ihnen in den Unternehmen und Einrichtungen des Sozial- und Gesundheitswesens eine Perspektive bieten? Was sind die neuen Herausforderungen, denen sich die Personalarbeit zu stellen hat, damit die Unternehmen der Sozialwirtschaft marktfähig bleiben?
Karl Rahner’s Theology of Love in Dialogue with Social Psychology and Neuroscience
Authors: Thomas Sarah A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2019

The commandment to “love your neighbor as yourself” (Matthew 25:39) is central to Christian discipleship. How does the concrete way that we express love enhance or diminish our ability to love? This paper brings Karl Rahner’s theology of neighbor love into dialogue with a description of altruism and compassion provided by social psychologist, C. Daniel Batson, and neuroscientists Tania Singer and Olga Klimecki. For Rahner, grace enables and sustains love. In addition, a mutually reciprocal relationship of unity exists between human love for God, neighbor, and self. Furthermore, Rahner contends prayer as one way to cultivate compassion for another. The scientific research presented here examines aspects of the relationship between self and other known as empathy and compassion. The research of Batson, Singer, and Klimecki shed light on the role of self-love in compassion as well as the ways our capacity to empathize conditions our potential for altruism.
Use of Fetal Hemoglobin Quantitation for Rh-Positive Pregnant Females: A National Survey and Review of the Literature
Authors: Karafin Matthew S. , Glisch Chad , Souers Rhona J. , Hudgins Jay , Park Yara A. , Ramsey Glenn E. , Lockhart Evelyn , Pagano Monica B. ,   for the College of American Pathologists Transfusion, Apheresis, and Cellular Therapy Committee
Published: June 2019

Context.—

The Kleihauer-Betke (KB) test is validated for estimating the dose of Rh immune globulin needed for Rh-negative pregnant females. However, some clinicians are also ordering the test for Rh-positive women. The degree to which this practice occurs is unknown.

Objective.—

To evaluate the number of laboratories that perform the KB test on Rh-positive pregnant women, and to establish current ordering practices for this indication.

Design.—

We added 9 supplemental questions regarding KB test use for fetomaternal hemorrhage to the 2016 College of American Pathologists proficiency test survey. We also reviewed the available literature regarding the diagnostic utility of the KB test for Rh-positive women.

Results.—

A total of 1578 surveys were evaluated and revealed that 52% (824) of respondents perform these tests for Rh-positive women, and more than 50% (440 of 819; 53.7%) of these laboratories report that the results for Rh-positive women are treated as important or very important.

Conclusions.—

The KB test is commonly used for Rh-positive women, and the information obtained from the test is considered as urgent and important. However, the available literature in support of this practice is still nonconclusive.
Test of the bifactor model of job-related affective well-being
Authors: Laguna Mariola , Mielniczuk Emilia , Razmus Wiktor
Published: June 2019

The multidimensional measure of the job-related affective well-being developed by Warr (1990) is a frequently used tool estimating affect in the work context. Alternative factorial models of this measure were tested in previous studies. Recently a bifactor model has been proposed as alternative factorial structure recommended for multifaceted constructs. It allows capturing the global aspect of the construct along with the specificity of its subdimensions. We conducted two studies to test a bifactor model on Warr’s measure and to compare it to factor models proposed in earlier studies. This bifactor model identified one general factor in addition to four unique factors. Two studies were conducted among employees (Study 1; N = 869) and entrepreneurs (Study 2; N = 204). Results of both studies corroborate a four correlated factors model as superior to the bifactor model. The model with four unique but correlated factors representing anxiety, comfort, depression, and enthusiasm is a good representation of job-related affective well-being measured by Warr’s instrument, both in a sample of employees and entrepreneurs.
Mediating role of resilience in the relationships between fear of happiness and affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing
Authors: Yildirim Murat
Published: June 2019

The present study was a first attempt to examine the mediating role of resilience in the relationships between fear of happiness and affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing. Participants consisted of 256 Turkish adults (174 males and 82 females) and aged between 18 and 62 years (M = 36.97, SD = 9.02). Participants completed measures assessing fear of happiness, affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing. The results showed that fear of happiness was negatively correlated with resilience, affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing, while resilience was positively correlated with affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing. The results of mediation analysis showed that (a) resilience fully mediated the effect of fear of happiness upon flourishing, and satisfaction with life, (b) partially mediated the effect of fear of happiness upon affect balance. These findings suggest that resilience helps to explain the associations between fear of happiness and affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing. This study elucidates the potential mechanism behind the association between fear of happiness and indicators of well-being.
Volume 4 numéro 1
Authors: Lavoie Vincent
Published: June 2019

À quelles conditions les œuvres littéraires et artistiques peuvent-elles porter atteinte à la réputation d’autrui? Poser la question comme l’y invite le présent dossier implique de rouvrir le débat philosophique sur la question des liens entre la littérature, l’art, la morale et la sphère juridique. Depuis les années 1990, ces interactions ont été largement discutées par les philosophes anglo-américains, dont les travaux ont été depuis lors traduits en français.
D’une infamie l’autre
Authors: Snauwaert Maïté
Published: June 2019

Comment une fiction de l’enfant mort peut-elle se lire comparativement aux récits autobiographiques existant d’un tel événement? Comment ce comble peut-il s’écrire dans des sociétés occidentales qui ont fait de la mort elle-même une infamie? Au-delà de la polémique qui a opposé deux auteures, qu’est-il possible de divulguer de la mort de l’enfant, et que conserve-t-elle d’intrinsèquement polémique? Quand cesse-t-elle, ou commence-t-elle, d’être infâme, dans l’écriture?
Preparation and characterization of metastable solid solution Mg0.33Al0.66 and Mg0.33Al0.63Si0.03 obtained by mechanical alloying
Authors: Jaafar Hassen , Abdellaoui Mohieddine
Published: June 2019

The use of mechanical alloying in this work leads to a solid solution Mg0.33Al0.66 instead of Laves phase MgAl2. Monosubstituted alloy Mg0.33Al0.63Si0.03 was obtained in good yield after 20 hours mechanical alloying with shock power of 6.5 W/g.

Current work in progress aims to study the thermodynamic hydrogenation properties of these metastable compounds and explore different substitution for possible adaptation serving stabilized solid-Hydrogen as bulk reservoir in Fuel Cells or Ni-MH batteries.
Timing and ecological priority shaped the diversification of sedges in the Himalayas
Authors: Uzma  , Jiménez-Mejías Pedro , Amir Rabia , Hayat Muhammad Qasim , Hipp Andrew L.
Published: June 2019

Background

Diversification patterns in the Himalayas have been important to our understanding of global biodiversity. Despite recent broad-scale studies, the most diverse angiosperm genus of the temperate zone—Carex L. (Cyperaceae), with ca. 2100 species worldwide—has not yet been studied in the Himalayas, which contains 189 Carex species. Here the timing and phylogenetic pattern of lineage and ecological diversification were inferred in this ecologically significant genus. We particularly investigated whether priority, adaptation to ecological conditions, or both explain the highly successful radiation of the Kobresia clade (ca. 60 species, of which around 40 are present in the Himalayas) of Himalayan Carex.

Methods

Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood analysis of two nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) regions (ITS and ETS) and one plastid gene (matK); the resulting tree was time-calibrated using penalized likelihood and a fossil calibration at the root of the tree. Biogeographical reconstruction for estimation of historical events and ancestral ranges was performed using the dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis (DEC) model, and reciprocal effects between biogeography and diversification were inferred using the geographic state speciation and extinction (GeoSSE) model. Climatic envelopes for all species for which mapped specimen data available were estimated using climatic data from WORLDCLIM, and climatic niche evolution was inferred using a combination of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models of shifting adaptive optima and maximum likelihood inference of ancestral character states under a Brownian motion model.

Results

The Himalayan Carex flora represents three of the five major Carex clades, each represented by multiple origins within the Himalayas. The oldest Carex radiation in the region, dating to ca. 20 Ma, near the time of Himalayan orogeny, gave rise to the now abundant Kobresia clade via long-distance dispersal from the Nearctic. The Himalayan Carex flora comprises a heterogeneous sample of diversifications drawn from throughout the cosmopolitan, but mostly temperate, Carex radiation. Most radiations are relatively recent, but the widespread and diverse Himalayan Kobresia radiation arose at the early Miocene. The timing and predominance of Kobresia in high-elevation Himalayan meadows suggests that Kobresia may have excluded other Carex lineages: the success of Kobresia in the Himalayas, in other words, appears to be a consequence largely of priority, competitive exclusion and historical contingency.
Emerging trends and knowledge structure of epilepsy during pregnancy research for 2000–2018: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Minglu , Li Weitao , Tao Yuying , Zhao Limei
Published: June 2019

Background

Epilepsy during pregnancy presents a unique set of challenges for pregnant women, the fetus, and the health care community. As research in this area advances rapidly, it is critical to keep up with the emerging trends and key turning points of the development of the domain knowledge. This study aimed to construct a series of science maps to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the intellectual landscape and research frontiers in the field of epilepsy during pregnancy research.

Methods

All publications were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis was used to analyze the scientific research outputs, including journals, countries/regions, institutions, authors (cited authors), intellectual base and research hotspots.

Results

A total of 2,225 publications related to epilepsy during pregnancy were identified as published between 2000 and 2018. The overall trend of the number of publications showed a fluctuating growth from 59 articles in 2000 to 198 in 2018. Neurology was the leading journal in the field of epilepsy and pregnancy research both in terms of impact factor score (8.055) and H-index value (77). The US retained its leading position and exerted a pivotal influence in this area. The University of Melbourne was identified as a good research institution for research collaboration. Prof. Pennell and Tomson have made great achievements in this area, and Prof. Tomson laid a foundation for the development of this domain. The keyword “neonatal seizures” ranked first in research hotspots, and the keyword “autism spectrum disorders (ASD)” ranked first in research frontiers.

Conclusions

Epilepsy during pregnancy is a fascinating and rapid development of subject matter. A more recent emerging trend focused on comprehensive management of pregnant and lactating women, evaluation of the safety and efficacy of newer antiepileptic drugs. The keywords “management issue,” “brain injury,” “meta-analysis,” “in utero exposure,” and “ASD” were the latest research frontiers and should be closely observed.
In vitro-Modulation of HbS Erythrocyte Parameters By Prednisolone Testing For Fe2+/Fe3+ Ratio, HbS Gelation and Osmotic Fragility
Authors: Franca Okoye Ngozi , Achor Amadi Benjamin , Miriam Okoro
Published: June 2019

Aim: The study is targeted at the sickle cell disease. It has been discovered that some drugs or medications taken for certain ailments are either pro-sickling or anti-sickling in nature. In this study, acorticosteroid by the name of prednisolone was investigated to determineits possible effects on human haemoglobin-S gelation, erythrocyte fragility and Fe2+ and Fe3+ concentrations.

Materials and Method: The blood sample of 5ml was collected from adult male and female donors by vein puncture using a 5 ml syringe and needle. The blood samples were confirmed as HbSS using standard haemoglobin electrophoresis. Various concentrations of the drug (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml) were used to determine the effects on human haemoglobin-S, gelation rate, erythrocyte fragility, Fe2+& Fe3+ concentrations.  Absorbance reading was taken at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer.

Results: The results showed that Prednisolone increased haemoglobin S gelation at all concentrations (p< 0.05) when compared to the control. The Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio showed a reduction in haemoglobin values at 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml concentrations when compared to the control and a slight increase at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml. For Erythrocyte Fragility, there was destabilization of red cell in all concentrations.

Conclusion: This study suggests that this drug could have some undesirable effects on sickle cell subjects.
Ida, Mount
Authors: Kotsonas Antonis
Published: June 2019

Ida, also known as “Psiloritis” from medieval times onwards, is an extensive mountain range of central Crete rising to 2,456 m. In prehistoric times, the mountain was the home of an administrative and economic center at Zominths. In Classical antiquity it was famous for the sanctuary of the Idaean Cave, which was dedicated to Zeus.
Epigraphy, Byzantine
Authors: Toth Ida
Published: June 2019

Byzantine epigraphy studies inscriptions on a number of media (stone, glass, fresco‐plaster, metal, and other natural and man‐made materials) dating to the time between the fourth and fifteenth centuries
ce
. Such inscriptions (predominantly Greek, but also Latin, Coptic, Syriac, Armenian, and Slavonic or even multilingual) could serve a range of purposes (e.g. honorific, dedicatory, commemorative, etc.).
Dream interpretation
Authors: Oberhelman Steven M.
Published: June 2019

Dream interpretation (oneirocriticism), a practice with roots in Pharaonic Egypt and Old Babylonian and Assyrian culture, was common throughout the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine periods. Dreams had many causes (naturalistic or supernatural) and could signify nothing other than the dreamer's mental or physical condition, or be prognosticative of the future. If a dream was a vision or epiphany, no interpretation was usually needed. Many dreams were symbolic and so required an interpreter, someone skilled in decoding dream language, to recover the dream's meaning and importance.
Seqenenre Taa
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Seqenenre Taa, king of Egypt, 17th dynasty, early sixteenth century
bce
. Father of Ahmose I and Ahmose‐Nefertiry.
Taharqo, Taharqa, Taharka
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Taharqo, king of Egypt and Nubia, 25th Egyptian Dynasty, 690–664
bce
.
Siptah
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Siptah, King of Egypt, 19th Egyptian Dynasty, early twelfth centurybce.
Camulodunum (Colchester)
Authors: Rogers Adam
Published: June 2019

Camulodunum lies beneath modern Colchester in Essex, 80 km northeast of London, in what was the territory of the Trinovantes. Roman occupation began in the 40sce, first with a legionary fortress and then a colony. It possessed a temple of Claudius and was a focal point of the Boudican revolt.
Associations, Greek and Roman
Authors: Liu Jinyu
Published: June 2019

The formation and the activities of Greek and Roman associations were generally subject to governmental regulations. The size, membership base, and recruitment policy, however, varied from association to association. The members of associations were heterogeneous in terms of their legal and socioeconomic status. Joining an association was neither indicative of lack of family connections nor serving as a substitute for family relationships. Instead, associations intersected and interacted with other social networks such as family, kinship, and friendship, and may function as trust networks. Epigraphic evidence concerning the participation of associations within civic life, networks of benefaction, and the ruler cults abounds.