bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Aluminum Pot Line Rectiformer Scheme with Effective Harmonic Suppression Capability
Authors: Al-Mahari Mahmood , Al-Mawsawi S. Ali , Albasri Fadhel
Published: January 2019

The conversion from alternating current to direct current creates harmonics and causes power quality issues especially when large amount of power being converted. To mitigate these issues, conventional schemes for pot line Rectiformers are integrated with passive harmonic filters (PHF), which are either connected directly to the feeding grid or connected to each tertiary winding of the Rectiformer regulating transformer. This paper presents a new pot line Rectiformer scheme that reduces the distortion at the Rectiformer terminal and has better harmonic attenuation capability at the point of common coupling (PCC) by using parallel delta connected (PDC) tertiary winding between two adjacent Rectiformers. The proposed pot line scheme is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. A comparison is made with Aluminum Bahrain (ALBA) new 900MW pot line 6 (PL6) scheme in terms of harmonic elimination, capability, operational constrains and cost/space requirements.
Grid Interconnection of PV System Using Symmetric and Asymmetric MLI Topology
Authors: Prasadarao K V S , Manohar V Joshi
Published: January 2019

Generally, PV cell converts sunlight into electricity in the form of dc. Integration of PV system with the existing grid requires dc-ac conversion. This conversion is possible with the help of a dc-ac converter known as an inverter. Among all types of the inverter, multilevel inverters (MLIs) are playing a major role with all their major privileges like High power quality, low distortion, less blocking voltages for switching devices. Conventional multilevel inverter topologies such as diode clamped, flying capacitor and cascaded MLIs are having so many disadvantages. One of the common disadvantage among all the conventional MLIs is the requirement of more number of power electronic components as the level of the output voltage increase. To reduce the power electronic components this paper proposes a multilevel inverter topology in symmetrical and asymmetrical configuration. The proposed MLI uses 12 switches and 19 diodes which are very less compared to conventional MLI topologies for generates nine and thirteen level output voltages. Comparison between presented MLI topology and conventional MLI topologies is presented in this paper. Finally, the proposed MLI whose input is fed from the PV system is integrated into the grid. The proposed concept is validated by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software and the appropriate results are presented in this paper.
Control of Single Stage Grid Tied Photovoltaic Inverter Using Incremental Conductance Method
Authors: Reddy K. Rajasekhara , Reddy V. Nagabhaskar , Kumar M. Vijaya
Published: January 2019

In this investigation, a study on grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) system with single stage power conversion (SSPC) is proposed. Double Stage Power Conversion (DSPC) topology contains two power conversion stages namely DC-DC conversion and DC-AC conversion, but the SSPC system converts DC power to high-quality AC power supply for grid connected PV system. The SSPC system has several advantages over DSPC, such as better use of the PV arrays, higher efficiency, low cost and compact size. Present work proposes a Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) along with incremental conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking (IC-MPPT) for inverter switching. The PV voltage and Grid Voltages verifies under normal and change of atmospheric conditions using MATLAB / SIMULINK.
A Novel DC-AC Inverter Topology to Eliminate Leakage Current
Authors: Selmi Tarek , Rezgui Maher
Published: January 2019

Experiments confirmed that Transformerless Inverters (TIs) deliver more reliability and higher energy efficiency. Nonetheless, one of the shortcomings of TIs is the leakage current that occurs between the photovoltaic (PV) string terminals and the ground. Such a drawback is justified by the non-galvanic isolation caused by the transformer being omitted. As such, this study is intended to develop a novel TI inverter topology for solar PV systems. The latter is meant to remove the leakage current and enhance the operating system of the entire PV conversion as well. Added to its null zero-crossing distortion and capability regarding energy efficiency, the developed TI, being validated by simulation and experiment, eradicated the leakage current.
Solar Drying Technology in Indonesia: an Overview
Authors: Fudholi Ahmad , Ridwan Abrar , Yendra Rado , Pani Desvina Ari , Hartono Hartono , Khan Bin Majahar Ali Majid , Suyono Tri , Sopian Kamaruzzaman
Published: January 2019

The most important benefit of solar energy is renewable and low pollutant source of energy (clean energy). Solar energy technology and research are developing fast and much of the technology needed for these applications in industry and agricultures is already available. Solar drying technology (SDT) is one of the most attractive and promising applications of solar energy technology. In this paper, the various performances of SDTs in Indonesia are summarized with details. Generally, the cabinet-type and tunnel-type SDTs are remarkably well suited to drying small quantities of vegetables and fruit on the household scale. Greenhouse and hybrid SDTs are suitable for use on a large scale by industries.
Control Methods on Three-phase Power Converters in Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Salama Othmane , Tabyaoui Abdelmoumen , Benchagra Mohamed
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a three-phase load connected to a NPC three-level inverter is presented. To generate gate signals for the multilevel inverter, two commands are developed and compared: the phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). DC supply is provided by photovoltaic cells. Boost converter controls the power transfer from photovoltaic generator. Due to nonlinear I-V characteristics of photovoltaic cells, a maximum power point tracking algorithm is adopted to maximize the output power, the nonlinear controller (sliding mode) is developed and simulated. To verify the effectivnesse of the introdueced controller, it is compared with the fuzzy logic controller. Matlab-simulink is used for simulation, analysis and interpretation the results of these controllers.
i-Capacitor Voltage Control for PV Z-source System with Enhanced Shoot-through
Authors: Badrul Sham Noor Mazliza , Aizam Zulkifli Shamsul , Jackson Ronald
Published: January 2019

This paper explains an improved capacitor voltage control (i-CVC) by combining with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm as a control strategy for a single-phase Z-source inverter (ZSI) using photovoltaic (PV) source. The existing CVC based-MPPT control algorithm has a net shoot-through interval which should be inserted in the switching waveforms of the inverter to produce maximum power at the Z-network of the PV. However, this net shoot-through period is formed by an additional shoot-through period which has drawbacks as it boosts the capacitor voltage to a greater extent beyond the allowable voltage boundary of the capacitor. İn other words, the PV will boost the voltage more than the desired level as per required by reference capacitor voltage of the Z-network. Due to this problem, an improved capacitor voltage control (i-CVC) with general Perturb and Observe (P&O) based on ΔT0’ configuration of the changes shoot-through duty cycle to maintain the DC-link of the ZSI is introduced and been tested in simulation case with a resistive load. At the end, this modification able to assist the MPPT output power by increasing the overall system effectiveness of power generation by the PV.
Design of shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) to reduce harmonics in AC side due to Non-linear loads
Authors: B R Madhu , MN Dinesh , BM Ravitheja
Published: January 2019

The quality of power is a major concern because of harmonics in the lines due to various sources. Passive filters have been used to eliminate the specific harmonics. In this paper shunt hybrid active power filter which consists of shunt active filter and shunt passive filter is designed to reduce harmonics in source   side for non linear loads. The shunt passive filter includes a tuned RLC circuit that behaves like a band-pass filter for a particular harmonic content. The shunt active filter is a VSI that produces reverse harmonic current based on Clarke’s transformation. This paper presents the control strategy by implementing instantaneous reactive power theory to design Shunt Hybrid Active Filter (SHAPF) for a non linear load. The proposed control technique is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK, Results prove there is considerable reduction in THD of source current from 30.35% to 3.25% with the proposed controller on   shunt hybrid active power filter.   The performance of SHAPF is better than Passive and Shunt Active Power Filters.

 
Photovoltaic Emulator for Grid-connected Quasi-Z-Sorce Inverter
Authors: Rasin Zulhani , Fazlur Rahman Muhammed , Azri Maaspaliza , Hairul Nizam Talib Md , Jidin Auzani
Published: January 2019

The performance of PV panel is very much dependent on the amount of sun light as well as the temperature of the surrounding environment which normally hard to be predicted. The use of PV emulator in the investigation of solar inverter especially at a lab scale platform helps to mitigate the inconsistency factors due to this uncontrollable variation. This work discussed on the design and development of a PV emulator for the grid-connected quasi-Z-source inverter which has different topology and control method compared to the conventional voltage source inverter. The I-V characteristics of the PV panel is modelled from the commercially available product and through circuit analysis the relation between capacitor voltage control and the PV terminal voltage is established, thus realizing the MPPT operation. Results from both simulation and experimental verification demonstrated that the PV emulator successfully able to produce power for the inverter according to the requirement.
Design and Development of Grid-connected Quasi-Z-Source PV Inverter
Authors: Rasin Zulhani , Fazlur Rahman Muhammed , Azri Maaspaliza , Hairul Nizam Talib Md , Jidin Auzani
Published: January 2019

An inverter system applied with the PV source typically has a problem of lower input voltage due to constraint in the PV strings connection. As a countermeasure a DC-DC boost converter is placed in between to achieve a higher voltage at the inverter DC link for connection to the grid and to realize the MPPT operation. This additional stage contributes to losses and complexity in control thus reducing the overall system efficiency. This work discussed on the design and development of a grid-connected quasi-Z-source PV inverter which has different topology and control method compared to the conventional voltage source inverter and able to overcome the above disadvantages. Modelling and performance analysis of the voltage and current controller to achieve a good power transfer from the PV source, as well sycnchronization with the grid are presented in detail. Results from both simulation and experimental verification demonstrate the designed and developed grid-connected qZSI PV inverter works successfully equivalent to the conventional voltage source inverter system.
КІНЕЗІОЛОГІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ТА КРИТЕРІЇ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ПОВНОЦІННОСТІ В ДИНАМІЦІ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ СВІДОМОСТІ ПІСЛЯ ТЯЖКОЇ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗКОВОЇ ТРАВМИ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З НЕУСВІДОМЛЕНОЮ РУХОВОЮ АКТИВНІСТЮ
Authors: Kulik O. V.
Published: January 2019

Посттравматичні посткоматозні стани тривалого розладу свідомості – це група синдромів, які характеризують порушення свідомості і, водночас, стадійність її відновлення після гострої тривалої церебральної коми, що виникла внаслідок тяжкої черепно-мозкової травми.

До групи цих синдромів належать посткоматозні синдроми пригніченої свідомості, синдроми реінтеграції свідомості, перехідні синдроми та синдроми ясної свідомості.

Мета дослідження – обґрунтувати та розробити систему медичної (фізичної) ранньої реабілітації хворих з посткоматозними порушеннями свідомості внаслідок тяжкої черепно-мозкової травми, визначити предиктори неврологічного (рухового) дефіциту та високінформативні прогностичні індекси відновлення свідомості.

Матеріал і методи. У дослідження було включено 220 хворих із травматичними посткоматозними розладами свідомості, які обстежувалися і проходили курси нейрореабілітаційного лікування в ДУ «Інститут нейрохірургії імені академіка А. П. Ромоданова НАМН України» та в ТОВ «Науково-практичний центр нейрореабілітації «Нодус» з січня 2007 по липень 2018 року включно.

Результати. Доведено пряму кореляційну залежність відновлення тонких координаторно-локомоторних актів з рівнем «якості» свідомості. Тетрапарези на стадії синдромів пригніченої свідомості неодмінно призводили до виражених рухових дисфункцій у всіх кінцівках, які у повній мірі зберігалися до синдрому ясної свідомості.

При цьому у всіх без винятку пацієнтів виявлено різні за проявом приховані, значимі кінезіологічні розлади, тоді як клініко-неврологічний статус вважали прийнятним. Латентний перебіг даного роду порушень був притаманний пацієнтам з перехідними синдромами і синдромами ясної свідомості, що зумовлено необхідністю продов­жити комплекс відновного лікування.

Висновки. Проведення кінезіологічного обстеження досліджуваних пацієнтів за розробленими сценаріями КО дозволило диференційовано використати та оптимізувати методи кінезіологічного тестування залежно від вихідних фізичних можливостей хворих, які визначалися посткоматозними порушеннями свідомості в динаміці травматичної хвороби.
ОСНОВНІ ПСИХОПАТОЛОГІЧНІ ПРОЯВИ ПРОДРОМАЛЬНОГО ПЕРІОДУ ПСИХОЗУ
Authors: Venher O. P. , Smashna O. Ye. , Nestorovych Ya. M. , Mysula Yu. I. , Sas L. M. , Bilous V. S. , Liuta O. O. , Guseva T. P.
Published: January 2019

Всесвітня психіатрична асоціація і Європейська асоціація психіатрів в якості основної стратегії лікування психозів загалом і шизофренії зокрема пропонують раннє виявлення цієї патології та своєчасне медичне втручання. Особливе значення надається ранньому втручанню у продромальному періоді психозу.

Мета дослідження – вивчення психопатологічних закономірностей розвитку продромальної стадії психозу для виявлення факторів ризику формування психозу. У процесі виконання дослідження були обстежені 137 пацієнтів з першим психотичним епізодом.

Результати. Найважливішими діагностичними ознаками продромального періоду психозу (ППП) у хворих на параноїдну шизофренію (ПШ) є стереотипне мислення, соціальна ізоляція, дезорганізаційні розлади мислення, пасивно-апатична соціальна відстороненість, підозріливість. Найінформативнішими продромальними симптомами ГП у хворих на ПШ є концептуальна дезорганізація мислення, хмерне мислення, соціальна ізоляція або усамітнення, підозріливість / персекуторні ідеї, зниження вираженості емоцій.

Висновки. Отримані дані дозволяють прогнозувати у пацієнтів з гострим поліморфним психотичним розладом (ГППР) меншу прогредієнтність психотичного розладу, його більш сприятливий перебіг і кращий вихід.
ЕКОНОМІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОГРАМ КАРДІОРЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ЗГІДНО З МІЖНАРОДНИМ ДОСВІДОМ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Kolisnyk P. F. , Dolynna O. V. , Kolisnyk S. P. , Baranova I. V.
Published: January 2019

Серцево-судинні захворювання (ССЗ) продовжують займати перше місце серед причин смертності праце­здатного населення, а їх поширеність вища в країнах з низьким та середнім рівнями доходу. В зв’язку з обмеженими фінансовими ресурсами цих країн виникає необхідність раціонального розподілу коштів, виділених на охорону здоров’я. Особливого значення в цих умовах набувають превентивна кардіологія та кардіореабілітація (КР).

Мета – провести огляд наукової літератури, присвяченої економічній ефективності та організаційним аспектам реалізації програм КР у країнах з різним рівнем доходів; запропонувати модель КР для України.

Матеріал і методи. Проведено огляд літератури з обраної теми в наукометричній базі даних MEDLINE та на офіційних електронних ресурсах міжнародних об’єднань кардіологів, лікарів фізичної та реабілітаційної медицини. Пошук проведено за ключовими словами: cardiac rehabilitation, cardiorehabilitation, cardiovascular rehabilitation, low/middle income country, core components, models, benefit, effectiveness, economic effectiveness.

Результати і висновки. У статті проаналізовано ефективність та описано особливості організації КР у країнах з різним рівнем доходів. На основі огляду літератури зроблені висновки щодо можливих шляхів розвитку та запропонована модель організації КР в Україні. Використання альтернативних моделей КР може підвищити її доступність для більшості населення України, а, отже, покращити якість життя та знизити смертність від ССЗ.
ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗОК ПОКАЗНИКІВ КОМПОНЕНТНОГО СКЛАДУ ТІЛА З ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИМ СТАНОМ СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ЖІНОК МОЛОДОГО ВІКУ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ТИПУ ГЕМОДИНАМІКИ
Authors: Nemesh M. I. , Kentesh O. P. , Palamarchuk O. S. , Kostenchak-Svystak O. Y. , Veketa V. P.
Published: January 2019

На сьогоднішній день визначення компонентного складу тіла дозволяє нам оцінити фізичний стан людини. Таким чином опосередковано можна визначити функціональні можливості організму.

Мета – визначити можливий різний зв’язок між певними компонентами складу тіла та показниками гемодинаміки з врахуванням гендерних відмінностей між компонетним складом тіла.

Матеріал і методи. В статті представлено дослідження з визначення впливу компонентного складу тіла на функціональний стан серцево-судинної системи у жінок. У дослідженні взяла участь 41 студентка віком від 18 до 25 років. Вимірювання маси тіла, ІМТ та показників вмісту загального жиру (ВЗЖ) та вісцерального жиру (ВВЖ), вмісту безжирової маси (ВБМ) проводили з використанням аналізатора складу тіла Tanita BC-601. Функціональний стан серцево-судинної системи (ССС) оцінювали за допомогою грудної реографії з використанням реографічного комплексу «PЕОКОМ». Критерієм поділу жінок за показниками компонентного складу тіла та серцево-судинної діяльності був тип гемодинаміки: 24 жінки мали еукінетичний тип гемодинаміки (І група), 17 – гіпокінетичний тип (ІІ група).

Результати. У результаті проведеної статистичної обробки даних було виявлено кореляційний зв’язок між хвилинним об’ємом крові (ХОК) та загальним периферійним опором (ЗПО) з ВВЖ у І групі. При аналізі кореляційних співвідношень у жінок з гіпокінетичним типом гемодинаміки (ІІ група) було виявлено, що ХОК має помірний позитивний кореляційний зв’язок з ВЗЖ, та негативний зв’язок з ВБМ.

Висновки. Збільшений вміст жирової тканини в жіночому організмі, порівняно з чоловічим, більшою мірою впливає не тільки на метаболічні процеси, а й на функціональний стан серцево-судинної системи. Таким чином, формування фізичного навантаження в жінок базуватиметься на показниках компонентного складу тіла та функ­ціо­нальних можливостях ССС.
МОЖЛИВОСТІ ДОСЯГНЕННЯ ЖОРСТКОГО КОНТРОЛЮ ЧАСТОТИ СЕРЦЕВИХ СКОРОЧЕНЬ У ХВОРИХ ІЗ ПОСТІЙНОЮ ФОРМОЮ ФІБРИЛЯЦІЇ ПЕРЕДСЕРДЬ НЕКЛАПАННОЇ ЕТІОЛОГІЇ ТА СУПУТНЬОЮ СЕРЦЕВОЮ НЕДОСТАТНІСТЮ
Authors: Sychov O. S. , Romaniuk P. B. , Hurianov V. H.
Published: January 2019

Мета дослідження – визначити предиктори досягнення жорсткого контролю ЧСС у хворих із постійною формою фібриляції передсердь (ПФФП) та супутньою серцевою недостатністю на момент виписки із стаціонару, виявити переваги застосування бісопрололу чи карведилолу для контролю ЧСС.

Матеріал і методи. У дослідження послідовно включені 30 пацієнтів. Тривалість спостереження склала 238,3±17,0 днів, дизайн передбачав 3 візити. Титрування дози ББ проводилося 67,7±10,3 днів (інтервал між 1 і 2 ві­зитами). Прийом максимальної або максимально переносимої дози ББ тривав 170,6±17,7 днів (інтервал між 2 і 3 візитами). Парні навантажувальні проби – тредміл-тест (ТТ) і тест 6-хвилинної ходьби (6МТХ) проводилися під час 2 і 3 візитів.

Результати. Пацієнтів було поділено на дві групи – з серцевою недостатністю зі зниженою фракцією викиду СНзберФВ (n=159) та з серцевою недостатністю зі збереженою фракцією викиду СНзнижФВ (n=64) лівого шлу­ночка (ЛШ) за даними ЕхоКГ та підгрупи відповідно до призначеного ББ. Середня ЧСС за даними ЕКГ на момент виписки із стаціонару складала (78,6±11,1) уд/хв, у 148 (66,4 %) пацієнтів мав місце жорсткий контроль ЧСС, а у 75 (33,6 %) – м’який. Для контролю ЧСС застосовували наступні препарати: бісопролол у 171 (76,7 %) хворого, карведилол у 52 (23,3 %), дигоксин у 81 (36,3 %). Висока доза β-адреноблокаторів, тобто середньотерапевтична і вища, мала місце у 139 (81,3 %) випадках при застосуванні бісопрололу та у 24 (46,2 %) – при прийомі карведилолу. На момент виписки дозування препаратів для контролю ЧСС було наступним: бісопролол – (6,3±3) мг, карведилол – (23,7±15,8) мг, дигоксин – (0,21±0,10) мг.

Висновки. На момент виписки жорсткого контролю ЧСС у пацієнтів із ПФФП досягнуто у 34,4 % і супутньою СНзнижФВ та у 63,5 % і супутньою СНзберФВ, а м’якого контролю ЧСС – у 65,6 % та 36,5 % хворих відповідно. Можливість досягнення жорсткого контролю ЧСС на момент виписки у хворих із ПФФП та супутньою СНзнижФВ знижується за умови використання карведилолу, порівняно з терапією бісопрололом (p=0,049) при стандартизації за іншими факторами ризику. При цьому, як наслідок, зростає застосування дигоксину (p=0,03) як допоміжного препарату для контролю ЧСС. Можливість досягнення жорсткого контролю ЧСС на момент виписки для пацієнтів із ПФФП та супутньою СНзберФВ пов’язана із використанням високих доз (середня терапевтична і вище) β-адреноблокаторів (p<0,001); при стандартизації за іншими факторами ризику використання бісопрололу не має значимої переваги, порівняно із терапією карведилолом (p=0,57), проте наявний дозозалежний ефект (p=0,02).
A checklist of spider fauna of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Kashmeera Neisseril Anirudhan , Sudhikumar Ambalaparambil Vasu
Published: January 2019

The checklist of spiders of Rajasthan State in India is provided here, which is represented by 71 species of spiders included under 47 genera of 15 families.  The most species-rich families reported so far are Araneidae and Gnaphosidae with 14 species each, followed by Lycosidae with 12 species.  Studies done on the spider fauna of Rajasthan State till date is reviewed.
Description of a new species of Pseudophilautus (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae) from southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Batuwita Sudesh , De Silva Madura , Udugampala Sampath
Published: January 2019

We describe a new Pseudophilautus species, P. conniffae sp. nov. from southern Sri Lanka.  It was previously confused with Pseudophilautus rus (Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda).   The new species differs from the latter by the combination of the following characters: fourth toe webbing to penultimate subarticular tubercle on inner and outer sides (vs. fourth toe webbing in between penultimate and anetpenultimate subarticular tubercles on inner and outer sides), presence of conical median lingual process (vs. absent), and black patches on the posterior flank, anterior and posterior edges of the thigh (vs. black patches on the anterior surface of the thigh).  Pseudophilautus conniffae sp. nov. may be sympatric with P. limbus (Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda), which shares certain characters with the new species.  The new species is, however, distinguished from P. limbus by the following characters: having supernumerary tubercles on manus (vs. lacking), absence of frontoparietal ridges (vs. presence), fourth toe webbing to penultimate subarticular tubercle on both sides (vs. fourth toe webbing between penultimate and anetpenultimate subarticular tubercle on both sides), third toe webbing to distal subarticular tubercle on both sides (vs. distal subarticular tubercle on outer side and below penultimate subarticular tubercle on inner side), and having the dorsum light brown with dark brown patches (vs. black and yellow variegated pattern on dorsum).  The new species may be restricted to the southwestern wet zone of Sri Lanka.  It is compared with all known Pseudophilautus species and also provided with a field key to identify it from those species that are sympatric with it or inhabit the southwestern wet zone.
The importance of trans-boundary conservation of the Asiatic Elephant Elephas maximus in Patharia Hills Reserve Forest, northeastern India
Authors: Talukdar Nazimur Rahman , Choudhury Parthankar , Barbhuiya Rofik Ahmed
Published: January 2019

The lives of Asiatic Elephants in the Patharia Hills Reserve Forest of Barak Valley, Assam are at risk. Due to serious anthropogenic pressures, human-elephant interactions have increased tremendously during recent decades. It is time conservation of the species is initiated along the Indo-Bangladesh trans-boundary line, especially their habitats and migratory corridor which can help the conservation of  elephants and other species as well.
Lectotypifiction of Impatiens duclouxii Hook.f., a new addition to the flora of India from Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Gogoi Rajib , Tiwari Umeshkumar L. , Borah Souravjyoti , Tham Bladimir Bajur Theodore
Published: January 2019

This paper reports Impatiens duclouxii Hook.f. as a new addition for India from Arunachal Pradesh.  In addition, the scientific name of the species is lectotypified here.
Caloric Restriction Exacerbates Angiotensin II–Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Absence of p53
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhang Hexuan , Zhang Qin , Fang Xia , Wu Hao , Wang Miao , Lu Zongshi , Wei Xiao , Yang Gangyi , Yan Zhencheng , Liu Daoyan , Zhu Zhiming
Published: January 2019

p53-dependent vascular smooth muscle cell senescence is a key pathological process of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Caloric restriction (CR) is a nonpharmacological intervention that prevents AAA formation. However, whether p53 is indispensable to the protective role of CR remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the necessity of p53 in the beneficial role of CR in AAA formation and the underlying mechanisms. We subjected p53
+/+
and p53
−/
−
mice to 12 weeks of CR and then examined the incidence of Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced AAA formation. We found that both CR and p53 knockout reduced Ang II–induced AAA formation; however, CR markedly increased the incidence of AAA formation and exacerbated aortic elastin degradation in p53
−/−
mice, accompanied by increased vascular senescence, reactive oxygen species generation, and reduced energy production. Analysis of mitochondrial respiratory activity revealed that dysfunctional complex IV accounts for the abnormal mitochondrial respiration in p53
−/−
vascular smooth muscle cells treated by CR serum. Mechanistically, ablation of p53 almost totally blocked the protective role of CR by inhibiting SCO2 (cytochrome C oxidase assembly protein 2)-dependent mitochondrial complex IV activity. Overexpression of SCO2 restored the beneficial effect of CR on antagonizing Ang II–induced expression of AAA-related molecules and reactive oxygen species generation in p53
−/−
vascular smooth muscle cells. Together, our findings demonstrate that the existence of p53 in vascular smooth muscle cells is critical to the protective role of CR in Ang II-induced AAA formation by maintaining an appropriate mitochondrial function.
Aconitum wumengense (Ranunculaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: WANG JIA-YAN , HE JUN , XU ZHOU-FENG , MENG JING , LIU EN-DE , WANG HONG
Published: January 2019

Aconitum wumengense, a new species from Luquan county, central Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is most closely similar to A. geniculatum in habit, but differs by the densely appressed pubescent (vs. glabrous) inflorescence rachis, pedicels and ovaries, and very short, not circinate (vs. obviously circinate) spur of petals.
Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of species of the Entolomataceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with cuboid basidiospores
Authors: KARSTEDT FERNANDA , CAPELARI MARINA , BARONI TIMOTHY J. , LARGENT DAVID L. , BERGEMANN SARAH E.
Published: January 2019

The generic or subgeneric delimitation by morphology of the Entolomataceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is often based on the habit and external features of the basidiomata, the hyphal arrangement of the pileus surface and the shape of the basidiospores, which possess either bumps or undulate-pustules forming short ridges, or longitudinal ridges or are obviously angular with four to nine angles in profile view. Here, we examine the basidiospore shape of species in the /Entoloma clade described as cuboid to evaluate its importance in taxonomy using both phylogenetic and detailed analyses of the shape with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Our phylogenetic analyses support the placement of species with cuboid basidiospores into one of two clades. Based on this separation, two new subgenera of Entoloma are proposed: Cuboeccilia with an omphalinoid habit and fusoid cystidia and Cubospora which has a mycenoid to tricholomatoid habit and clavate, rarely fusoid cheilocystidia.
On Relationships between Nonrecurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, and the East Asian Subtropical Jet
Authors: Gloeckler Lawrence C. , Roundy Paul E.
Published: January 2019

A 200-hPa zonal momentum budget is performed to examine the role that western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) play in helping to organize intraseasonal extratropical circulation anomalies that occur with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). Zonal wind is linearly decomposed into components that occur on MJO time scales (i.e., 20–100-day periods), as well as those that occur with lower and higher frequency. Dates during Northern Hemisphere fall that feature nonrecurving TCs within a search radius centered on a South China Sea grid point when the MJO is convectively active over the Maritime Continent and west Pacific warm pool are used to generate composites of relevant budget terms. These composites are then compared to others that are based on the full list of dates that feature a convectively active MJO in the same location during NH fall without regard for TC presence. Composite results highlight the primary momentum sources that guide the evolution of the NH extratropical zonal wind and associated mass field in each event set. TCs help to accelerate the East Asian subtropical jet that evolves with the MJO by modulating the high-frequency subtropical circulation over Southeast Asia. The phasing of this circulation with its underlying MJO time-scale component enables it to transfer momentum to the emerging subtropical jet. This momentum is integrated into the more slowly evolving flow and carried forward by other processes, which leads to the development of a westerly momentum surge along the subtropical jet that spans the length of the North Pacific Ocean.
The Role of the Divergent Circulation for Large-Scale Eddy Momentum Transport in the Tropics. Part I: Observations
Authors: Zurita-Gotor Pablo
Published: January 2019

This work investigates the role played by the divergent circulation for meridional eddy momentum transport in the tropical atmosphere. It is shown that the eddy momentum flux in the deep tropics arises primarily from correlations between the divergent eddy meridional velocity and the rotational eddy zonal velocity. Consistent with previous studies, this transport is dominated by the stationary wave component, associated with correlations between the zonal structure of the Hadley cell (zonal anomalies in the meridional overturning) and the climatological-mean Rossby gyres. This eddy momentum flux decomposition implies a different mechanism of eddy momentum convergence from the extratropics, associated with upper-level mass convergence (divergence) over sectors with anomalous westerlies (easterlies). By itself, this meridional transport would only increase (decrease) isentropic thickness over regions with anomalous westerly (easterly) zonal flow. The actual momentum mixing is due to vertical (cross isentropic) advection, pointing to the key role of diabatic processes for eddy–mean flow interaction in the tropics.
Influence of Internal Variability and Global Warming on Multidecadal Changes in Regional Drought Severity over the Continental United States
Authors: Apurv Tushar , Cai Ximing , Yuan Xing
Published: January 2019

Meteorological droughts in the continental United States (CONUS) are known to oscillate at the multidecadal time scale in response to the sea surface temperatures (SST) variability over the Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean. While previous studies have focused on understanding the influence of SST oscillations on drought frequency over the CONUS, this information has not been integrated with global warming for future drought risk assessment at the decadal scale. In this study, we use the support vector machines (SVMs) to handle correlation between input variables for quantifying the influence of internal variability [Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)] and global warming on the decadal changes in the severity of seasonal droughts over the CONUS during 1901–2015. The regional drivers of drought severity identified using SVMs are used for the assessment of decadal drought risk in the near future. We find internal variability as the dominant driver of decadal changes in drought severity in the southern and central Great Plains and global warming as the dominant driver for the southeastern and southwestern United States. In the southern Plains, the existing pattern of increasing drought severity is likely to persist in the near future if AMO and PDO remain in their positive and negative phases, respectively, while global warming is likely to contribute to increasing drought severity in the Southeast and Southwest. This study suggests an emerging role of global warming in drought risk over the southern states, where near-term climate change adaptation is necessary.
Glottic Carcinoma in Young Patients
Authors: Bayan Semirra , Faquin William C. , Zeitels Steven M.
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Recent reported evidence indicates that vocal cord carcinoma is evolving similarly to oropharyngeal cancer with an increasing number of patients without a smoking history having human papillomavirus (HPV) disease. Observations also suggest that an increasing number of patients who present with glottic carcinoma are younger than has been reported in the past. Therefore, an investigation was done to examine the incidence of glottic carcinoma in patients 30 years old (y/o) or younger.

Methods:

A retrospective review was done with Institutional Review Board approval to evaluate the incidence of patients 30 y/o or younger presenting with glottic carcinoma in 2 symmetric-length time periods over 28 years. These data were comprised from glottic cancer patients evaluated by the senior author (S.M.Z.) at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (July 1990-June 2004) and subsequently at the Massachusetts General Hospital (July 2004-June 2018). HPV testing was done on those patients identified as having a disease process at 30 y/o or younger.

Results:

Between July 1990 and June 2018, 353 patients were diagnosed with glottic carcinoma. From July 1990 to June 2004, there were 112 patients, with none being 30 y/o or younger. From July 2004 to June 2018, 241 patients were diagnosed with glottic carcinoma; 11 patients (7 females, 4 males) were 30 y/o or younger. Of the 11 patients, 3 (1 female, 2 males) were 10 to 19 y/o, 3 (2 females, 1 male) were 20 to 25 y/o, and 5 (4 females, 1 male) were 26 to 30 y/o. Moreover, 10 of the 11 cases were tested and were positive for high-risk HPV. None of the 11 glottic cancer patients had been previously treated for benign recurrent respiratory papillomatosis although it was initially suspected prior to biopsy due to the morphology of the lesions and the patients’ young age. Three of 11 had a history of smoking; all 3 had less than 3 pack-years. One of the 11 glottic cancer patients was treated with serial Cidofovir injections that resulted in dramatic acceleration in the growth of the cancer.

Conclusion:

Historically, glottic carcinoma is considered to be a tobacco-induced disease associated with a multidecade process of initiation, promotion, transformation, and progression. However, recent published evidence shows that glottic carcinoma can be an HPV-related disease with increasing incidence in nonsmokers. It isn’t surprising that alternate malignant pathways may have a different timeline. In this investigation, an increased incidence of HPV-positive glottic cancer in patients 30 y/o or younger was documented in the past 14 years. This finding further supports the concept that glottic carcinoma is an evolving disease, and it demonstrates the increasing importance of discriminating potential glottic carcinomas in young patients from benign low-risk HPV recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
Development of a Closed-Loop Stimulator for Laryngeal Reanimation, Part 1: Devices
Authors: Otten David M. , Kobler James B. , Hillman Robert E. , Zeitels Steven M. , Seitter Kevin P. , Heaton James T.
Published: January 2019

Objective:

The goal of this work was to create implantable stimulator systems that could be used in animal experiments on laryngeal paralysis, including “closed-loop” stimulation of impaired muscles triggered by electromyographic (EMG) potentials from healthy muscles.

Study Design:

Iterative device design and testing.

Methods:

A series of microcontroller-based implantable devices were built that incorporated increasingly sophisticated features for stimulation, EMG recording, and communication across the skin. Specific engineering challenges included minimizing power consumption, achieving charge-balanced and relatively high stimulation capacity, implementing noninvasive communication across the skin, providing real-time processing of EMG signals, and mitigating effects of shock artifacts. Bench testing was used to verify performance.

Results:

Two prototypes are described in detail. Each system is based on an “implant” and an external “communication adapter” that interfaces both with the implant and with external computers for adjustments and monitoring. The first version described is inductively powered and referred to as the “inductive laryngeal stimulator.” It uses inductive coupling for both power and communication and performs EMG processing in the communication adapter module. The second version, a “battery-powered laryngeal stimulator,” consists of an autonomous battery-powered implant with onboard EMG processing and artifact control; it communicates by infrared light with the external communication adapter for setup and monitoring.

Conclusions:

The devices met design and performance specifications and have proved useful in the animal experiments that are described in Part 2 of this series. Detailed descriptions of the circuits and their firmware are made available in the Appendix. Level of Evidence: NA
Role of Steroids in Preventing Osteoradionecrosis of the Head and Neck: A Systematic Review
Authors: Raggio Blake S. , Winters Ryan D.
Published: January 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to summarize the effectiveness of steroids in the prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the head and neck.

Data Sources:

PubMED, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane trial registries.

Methods:

A systematic review of these data sources was performed through September 2018 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Included were English-language studies evaluating patients of all age groups diagnosed with head and neck cancer who underwent radiation therapy while receiving peritreatment steroids compared with those who did not receive steroids.

Results:

Two retrospective cohort studies were identified for qualitative review. On the basis of analysis of 25 328 participants (36-82 years of age) with head and neck cancer who underwent radiation therapy, the use of peritreatment steroids was associated with a significantly lower risk for osteoradionecrosis in both studies, with a hazard ratio of 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.94; P = .012) and a relative risk of 0.04 (95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.560; P = .017). Meta-analysis was precluded by clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Overall, the studies were of limited quality with high risk for bias and poor methodology.

Conclusions:

Limited retrospective data suggest that steroids are predictive of a reduced risk for osteoradionecrosis; however, no definitive conclusions can be made given the poor quality of the available literature. Well-designed, comparison-controlled trials are needed to clarify the promising role of steroids in the prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the head and neck.
The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Evaluation of Laryngotracheal Pathology
Authors: Mason Eric C. , McGhee Samuel , Zhao Kai , Chiang Tendy , Matrka Laura
Published: January 2019

Objectives:

Laryngotracheal stenosis and obstruction can be challenging to manage. Traditional assessment tools are limited in clinical correlation. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is a novel technique used to analyze airflow dynamics. The objective of this study was to apply CFD to the human upper airway to explore its utility.

Methods:

CFD models were constructed on an adult patient with an obstructive tracheal lesion before and after intervention and on an adult with normal airway anatomy, using computed tomographic imaging obtained retrospectively. Key airflow metrics were calculated.

Results:

CFD provided detailed airway geometry. The normal airway had a peak flow velocity of 3.12 m/s, wall shear stress of 0.30 Pa, and resistance of 0.02 Pa/mL/s. The pathologic patient showed an elevated peak flow velocity of 12.25 m/s, wall shear stress of 3.90 Pa, and resistance of 0.22 Pa/mL/s. This was reflected clinically with dyspnea, stridor, and obstructive impairment via pulmonary function testing. Following treatment, peak flow velocity corrected to 3.95 m/s, wall shear stress to 0.72Pa, and resistance to 0.01 Pa/mL/s. Cross-sectional area improved to 190 mm2 from a minimum of 53 mm2 at the same segment. Stridor and dyspnea resolved.

Conclusions:

CFD metrics were calculated on the normal, diseased, and posttreatment upper airway. Variations were reflected in clinical symptoms. These methods could model surgical outcomes and anticipate disease severity.
Bikeability: Assessing the Objectively Measured Environment in Relation to Recreation and Transportation Bicycling
Authors: Porter Anna K. , Kohl Harold W. , Pérez Adriana , Reininger Belinda , Pettee Gabriel Kelley , Salvo Deborah
Published: January 2019

The objectives of this study were to examine the association between objectively measured environmental variables and transportation and recreation bicycling frequency, and to develop transportation and recreation bikeability indices. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the underlying essential structure of the environmental variables under consideration. Many environmental variables were found to be correlated with transportation bicycling frequency, but not recreation bicycling frequency. The final transportation bikeability index included the combined effect of bicycle lanes, residential density, population density, ozone level, distance to transit, parks, and tree canopy coverage, and was found to have a significant direct association with any past-year transportation bicycling (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.35, 1.52]) and transportation bicycling frequency (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.14, 95% CI = [1.09, 1.19]). This work will help advance research on bicycling and public health by providing a tool that can be utilized to examine transportation bicycling and the objective environment in the context of the United States.
Union Threat Effects and the Decline in Employer-Provided Health Insurance
Authors: Olson Craig A.
Published: January 2019

Employer-provided health insurance decreased by an average of almost 0.6 percentage points per year for adults aged 18 to 64 who were working full-time in the private sector between 1983 and 2007. Most of this decline was among non-union workers. This study reports estimates that suggest the decrease was caused by a decline employers faced in the threat of being unionized, as measured by the drop in state-level private-sector union density over the 25 years and across the 50 states. The author hypothesizes the decline in union density caused some non-union employers to decide not to offer health insurance. The study shows the importance of accounting for measurement error in union density when estimating the declining threat effect of unionization on non-union employer-provided health insurance coverage.
The financialising local growth machine in Chicago
Authors: Farmer Stephanie , Poulos Chris D
Published: January 2019

In this article, we explore how global infrastructure investment funds and actors are financialising the local growth machine in Chicago, and how Chicago’s transforming growth machine uses its influence to financialise urban governance policy goals and institutional arrangements. We view global infrastructure investors through the lens of place entrepreneurs seeking to extract monopoly rents from urban infrastructure. As place entrepreneurs, global infrastructure investors have an interest in forming alliances with other place entrepreneurs to generate political and institutional capacity for infrastructure financialisation. Our case study examines the concrete and specific ways in which global financial firms and actors work in partnership with Chicago’s business civic organisation, World Business Chicago, to shape the City of Chicago’s planning processes and orchestrate a more mature institutional-regulatory infrastructure investment environment through the formation of the Chicago Infrastructure Trust, the city’s public–private partnership infrastructure bank.
Forecasting Tourism Demand with Decomposed Search Cycles
Authors: Li Xin , Law Rob
Published: January 2019

This study aims to examine whether decomposed search engine data can be used to improve the forecasting accuracy of tourism demand. The methodology was applied to predict monthly tourist arrivals from nine countries to Hong Kong. Search engine data from Google Trends were first decomposed into different components using an ensemble empirical mode decomposition method and then the cyclical components were examined through statistical analysis. Forecasting models with rolling window estimation were implemented to predict the tourist arrivals to Hong Kong. Results indicate the proposed methodology can outperform the benchmark model in the out-of-sample forecasting evaluation of Choi and Varian (2012). The findings also demonstrate that our proposed methodology is superior in forecasting turning points. This study proposes a unique decomposition-based perspective on tourism forecasting using online search engine data.