bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconnelli Boulenger, 1900
Authors: KOK PHILIPPE J. R.
Published: July 2019

Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. is described from 2088 m elevation on Maringma tepui in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana, at the Guyana-Brazil border. The new species is mainly distinguished from known congeners by small size, indistinct frontoparietal crests, prominent postorbital crests, prominent suborbital crests, well-developed webbing on hand and foot, dorsal skin minutely spiculate with scattered medium to large elevated tubercles, ventral skin anteriorly rugose with few flat granules, posteriorly tuberculate, blackish brown dorsal colour, and dark brownish orange ventral colour. Data on four specimens of O. macconnelli collected on the southeast slope of the tepui are provided.
Two new species of Holthuisana Bott, 1969 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: WOWOR DAISY , NG PETER K. L.
Published: July 2019

Two new species of gecarcinucid crabs of the genus Holthuisana Bott, 1969, are described from the islands of Waigeo and Batanta in West Papua Province, Indonesia. Holthuisana lipkei n. sp. differs from the allied H. alba Holthuis, 1980, from Papua New Guinea by having fully developed pigmented eyes, smooth carapace, smooth and distinctly gaping second major chela, and the relatively more slender male first gonopod. Holthuisana tikus n. sp. resembles H. subconvexa (Roux, 1927) from Papua Province but differs by possessing indistinct and shallow epigastric lobes on the carapace, the absence of a subdistal tooth on the upper margin of the ambulatory merus of pereiopods 2-5 and a relatively stouter male first gonopod. The taxonomic status of Holthuisana and its constituent species is also discussed.
New records of Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from the Chilean coast
Authors: AZEVEDO FERNANDA , HAJDU EDUARDO , WILLENZ PHILIPPE , KLAUTAU MICHELLE
Published: July 2019

The present study is part of a large international effort to inventory the markedly underestimated sponge diversity in the coastal south-eastern Pacific, and figure its biotic affinities with neighbouring faunas in the Antarctic peninsula, in the south-western Atlantic and in the tropical eastern Pacific. Collections were assembled between 2003 and 2007 from 20 Chilean localities, at depths varying from 8 to 35 m. Thirty nine specimens of calcareous sponges were collected totalling 7 species which are described here, 6 being new to science. Four species belong to Calcinea (Clathrina antofagastensis sp. nov., Clathrina fjordica sp. nov., Guancha ramosa sp. nov., and Leucaltis nuda sp. nov.), and 3 to Calcaronea (Leucosolenia australis, Sycon huinayense sp. nov., and Sycettusa chilensis sp. nov.).
A new freshwater amphipod species, Gammarus topkarai sp. nov., from Turkey (Amphipoda: Gammaridae), with a key for Turkish freshwater Gammarus species
Authors: ÖZBEK MURAT , BALIK SULEYMAN
Published: July 2019

A new species of freshwater Amphipod, Gammarus topkarai sp. nov., collected from Ivriz Creek, Tarsus Province, South Anatolia, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to Gammarus pulex-group and shows similar characteristic features with Gammarus agrarius G. S. Karaman, 1973. Absence of well developed dorsal elevations on the urosome segments, smaller body length and relatively lower endopod/exopod ratio of third uropod are the most obvious features differ from G. agrarius. A detailed morphological description and illustrations of new species are given and differences from related species are discussed. An updated identification key of Gammarus taxa reported from Turkey, up to date, was also presented.
Differences between Arctic Interannual and Decadal Variability across Climate States
Authors: Reusen Jesse , van der Linden Eveline , Bintanja Richard
Published: July 2019

Long-term climate variations have the potential to amplify or dampen (human-induced) trends in temperature. Understanding natural climate variability is therefore of vital importance, especially since the variability itself may change with a changing climate. Here, we quantify the magnitude and other characteristics of interannual to decadal variability in Arctic temperature and their dependence on the climate state. Moreover, we identify the processes responsible for the state dependency of the variations, using five quasi-equilibrium climate simulations of a state-of-the-art global climate model with 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 times present-day atmospheric CO2 forcing. The natural fluctuations in Arctic temperature, including their dependence on the state of the climate, are linked to anomalous atmospheric and oceanic heat transports toward the Arctic. Model results suggest that atmospheric heat transport leads (and also controls) Arctic temperature variations on interannual time scales, whereas oceanic transport is found to govern the fluctuations on decadal time scales. This time-scale transition of atmospheric to oceanic dominance for Arctic temperature variations is most obvious when there is interannual to decadal variability in Arctic sea ice cover. In warm climates (without Arctic sea ice cover), there is no correlation between oceanic transport and surface air temperature on any time scale. In cold climates (with full Arctic sea ice cover), interaction between ocean and atmosphere is limited, leaving poleward atmospheric heat transport to be the primary driver on all time scales (interannual and decadal).
Transporting Children in Autonomous Vehicles: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Tremoulet Patrice D. , Seacrist Thomas , Ward McIntosh Chelsea , Loeb Helen , DiPietro Anna , Tushak Sophia
Published: July 2019

Objective

Identify factors that impact parents’ decisions about allowing an unaccompanied child to ride in an autonomous vehicle (AV).

Background

AVs are being tested in several U.S. cities and on highways in multiple states. Meanwhile, suburban parents are using ridesharing services to shuttle children from school to extracurricular activities. Parents may soon be able to hire AVs to transport children.

Method

Nineteen parents of 8- to 16-year-old children, and some of their children, rode in a driving simulator in autonomous mode, then were interviewed. Parents also participated in focus groups. Topics included minimum age for solo child passengers, types of trips unaccompanied children might take, and vehicle features needed to support child passengers.

Results

Parents would require two-way audio communication and prefer video feeds of vehicle interiors, seatbelt checks, automatic locking, secure passenger identification, and remote access to vehicle information. Parents cited convenience as the greatest benefit and fear that AVs could not protect passengers during unplanned trip interruptions as their greatest concern.

Conclusion

Manufacturers have an opportunity to design family-friendly AVs from the outset, rather than retrofit them to be safe for child passengers. More research, especially usability studies where families interact with technology prototypes, is needed to understand how AV design impacts child passengers.

Application

Potential applications of this research include not only designing vehicles that can be used to safely transport children, seniors who no longer drive, and individuals with disabilities but also developing regulations, policies, and societal infrastructure to support safe child transport via AVs.
Digital nomads in siliconising Cluj: Material and allegorical double dispossession
Authors: McElroy Erin
Published: July 2019

This paper studies the arrival of digital nomads in Cluj, Romania. I focus upon double dispossession, in which ‘digital nomads’ allegorise technocapitalist fantasies by appropriating Roma identity on one hand, and in which Roma are evicted to make way for the arrival of Western digital nomads and tech firms on the other. While Roma are materially dispossessed as Cluj siliconises, they are doubly dispossessed by the conjuration of the deracinated digital nomad/Gypsy. As I suggest, this figure discursively drags with it onto-epistemological residues of 19th-century Orientalism – a literary genre that emerged within the heart of Western European empires. The recoding of the nomad today, I argue, indexes the imperiality of technocapitalism, or techno-imperialism. Double dispossession, as a phenomenon, illuminates that prior histories bolster, and are consumed by, globalising techno-imperialism. Postcolonial and postsocialist studies offer frameworks for understanding this update, as well as the accumulative and multifaceted dispossession that siliconisation inheres. I thus argue for a connected rather than comparative approach in understanding double dispossession, one focused upon connections across time, space and genre. A connected approach remains rooted in community organising and housing justice struggles.
Estimating Candidate Support in Voting Rights Act Cases: Comparing Iterative EI and EI-R×C Methods
Authors: Barreto Matt , Collingwood Loren , Garcia-Rios Sergio , Oskooii Kassra AR
Published: July 2019

Scholars and legal practitioners of voting rights are concerned with estimating individual-level voting behavior from aggregate-level data. The most commonly used technique, King’s ecological inference (EI), has been questioned for inflexibility in multiethnic settings or with multiple candidates. One method for estimating vote support for multiple candidates in the same election is called ecological inference: row by columns (R×C). While some simulations suggest that R×C may produce more precise estimates than the iterative EI technique, there has not been a comprehensive side-by-side comparison of the two methods using real election data that analysts and legal practitioners often rely upon in courts. We fill this void by comparing iterative EI and R×C models with a new statistical package—eiCompare—in a variety of R×C combinations including 2 candidates and 2 groups, 3 candidates and 3 groups, and up to 12 candidates and three groups and multiple candidates and four groups. Additionally, we examine the two methods with 500 simulated data sets that differ in combinations of heterogeneity, polarization, and correlation. Finally, we introduce a new model congruence score to aid scholars and voting rights analysts in the substantive interpretation of the estimates. Across all of our analyses, we find that both methods produce substantively similar results. This suggests that iterative EI and R×C can be used interchangeably when assessing precinct-level voting patterns in Voting Rights Act cases and that neither method produces bias in favor or against finding racially polarized voting patterns.
Maximal Medical Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Survey of Chinese Otolaryngologists
Authors: Huang Zhenxiao , Ma Jingying , Sun Yan , Zhou Bing
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical practice patterns in maximal medical therapy (MMT) before endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by Chinese otolaryngologists. An anonymous web-based survey of MMT was performed. This survey assessed types of therapies, the frequency of use, duration of use, and demographic data of respondents. A total of 134 (26.8%) questionnaires were completed and returned. The majority (62.69%) of respondents would consider surgery less than 3 months after commencing MMT, 33.58% would wait 3 to 6 months. Intranasal corticosteroid sprays, saline irrigation, oral antibiotics, oral mucolytics, and oral Chinese herbals were the most commonly used therapies and listed as “often (>70%)”. Macrolides were most commonly antibiotics prescribed among the clinicians surveyed (51.49%). Intranasal corticosteroid sprays, oral antibiotics, oral mucolytics, nasal saline irrigations, and oral Chinese herbals are most commonly prescribed by the majority of Chinese otolaryngologists as MMT for CRS. Current practice patterns of MMT among Chinese otolaryngologists are not uniformly based on evidence-based guidelines.
WeChat knowledge service system of university library based on SoLoMo: A holistic design framework
Authors: Chen Mang , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2019

In this study, we develop a WeChat knowledge service system (WKSS) in university library based on SoLoMo. The aim is to build a comprehensive, open, mobile and smart knowledge service environment. It can realise the interaction between the three users, library and knowledge, and promote the dissemination and sharing of knowledge. By referencing the Internet frontier concept SoLoMo, this study designs a new mobile smart service system, including the system architecture design, the content design and the data association design. Then, this study develops the system, including the running environment configuration, the development of workflow, the core module and the system implementation. This system enables the provision of accurate, specific and more personalised service to each user. It also includes a portable mobile terminal to increase the accuracy of context awareness and enhance user convenience. This study makes up for the shortcomings of the library and increases the functions of personalisation, mobility and intelligence. It extends the way of mobile service in libraries and provides readers with better library mobile services, which was liked by readers.
Immigration Transition and Cognitive Symptoms During Menopausal Transition
Authors: Im Eun-Ok , Ko Young , Lee Yaelim , Chee Eunice , Chee Wonshik
Published: July 2019

Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of cultural influences on menopausal symptoms; however, associations between immigration transition and cognitive symptoms have rarely been uncovered. This secondary analysis aimed to determine these associations among 1,054 midlife women in the United States using the data from two national Internet surveys. The surveys included multiple questions on immigration transition, health and menopausal status, and the Cognitive Symptom Index for Midlife Women. The data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics including hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Nonimmigrants had larger numbers and higher severity scores of total cognitive symptoms than immigrants ( p < .001). Immigration status explained 1.28% of the total variances in the total numbers and 1.46% of the total variances in the total severity scores of total cognitive symptoms ( p < .001). The study supported significant associations between immigration transition and cognitive symptoms of women at midlife.
Healthcare waste management in Asian developing countries: A mini review
Authors: Khan Bilal Ahmed , Cheng Longsheng , Khan Aves A , Ahmed Haris
Published: July 2019

Healthcare waste encompasses a significant quantity of hazardous substances. Poor healthcare waste management can result in serious environmental and human health risks. Asian developing countries are densely populated, and some are highly resource constrained. These countries commonly fail to practice appropriate healthcare waste management. Moreover, facilities in these countries extensively lack proper waste segregation, collection, safe storage, transportation, and disposal. This mini-review recapitulates key issues of healthcare waste management confronting Asian developing countries. Regulations, legislation, and policies are found to be recent, and their implementation varies from one another. Variation in waste generation rate is common. Contradictory methods of waste measurement used by researchers leave these variations questionable. The absence of waste management training programmes roots ignorance among staff and handlers, which leads to unsafe waste handling and causes different health risks. Unsafe and illegal recycling of hazardous waste is a threat to human health, also landfilling is often confused with open dumping, causing environmental damage. Outdated incineration plants need to be replaced with autoclaving, steam sterilisation, and comparatively reasonable new practice of pyrolysis to avoid the emission of toxic gases. The significance of proper healthcare waste management cannot be ignored, especially in Asian developing countries; substantial improvements are required in order to protect the environment and human health from serious risks.
Is More Commitment Always Better? A Study on the Side Effects of Excessive Organizational Commitment on Work–Family Conflict
Authors: Lee Hayoung , Lee Soo-Young
Published: July 2019

Despite the growing interest in and efforts for work–family balance, actual improvements in work–family balance have not been that significant in South Korea (e.g., increase in karoshi). This study considers an overly organization-oriented perspective as one of the reasons for this, and focuses on the side effects of excessive organizational commitment (OC) on work–family conflict (WFC), unlike most previous studies focusing on the positive effects of OC. Using the Korean Civil Service Survey, we found that OC has a significant U-shaped relationship with WFC and this U-shaped relationship appeared only in dual-income families. The results showed that when OC is too high, a negative transfer of resources from work to family overwhelms a positive transfer, thereby encroaching upon individuals’ personal lives. Therefore, organizational supports for employees to successfully perform their roles in the family while maintaining a high level of OC are needed.
Changing nursing practice: Implementation challenges of intentional rounding on three rehabilitation units
Authors: Maddigan Joy , Butler Mollie , Davidson Judy
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to critically examine the process and results of a participatory action study designed to implement intentional rounding on a rehabilitation inpatient service. As a change initiative, this brief case study highlights the successes and challenges of implementing a practice intervention. Intentional rounding is a nursing intervention whereby hourly contact and support is provided to patients and families to strengthen the therapeutic relationship and proactively address their needs. Three units implemented rounding, and pre- and post-data were collected on four indicators: patient falls, call bell frequencies, satisfaction with care, and the nurses’ practice environment. The results demonstrated small, positive changes in all indicators, but the level of rounding was lower than expected. Focus groups revealed the complexities of integrating rounding into established routines. Three factors were identified that contributed to the findings.
Multi-objective optimization of all-wheel drive electric formula vehicle for performance and energy efficiency using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Yuen Tey Jing , Ramli Rahizar
Published: July 2019

A new method based on constraint multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms is proposed to optimize the powertrain design of a battery electric formula vehicle with an all-wheel independent motor drive. The electric formula vehicle has a maximum combined motor power of 80 kW, which is a constraint for delivering maximum vehicle performance with minimal energy consumption. The performance of the vehicle will be simulated and measured against different driving events, that is, acceleration event, autocross event, and endurance event. Each event demands a different aspect of performance to be delivered by the motor. The respective event lap time or energy rating will be measured for performance assessment. In this study, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition by using differential evolution are employed to optimize the motor transmission ratio, motor torque scaling, and downforce scale of both front and rear wheels against the acceleration event to minimize energy consumption and event lap time while constraining the combined motor power of all wheels to not exceed 80 kW. The optimization will be performed through software-in-the-loop between MATLAB and VI-Grade, where the high-fidelity vehicle will be modeled in VI-Grade and optimization algorithms will be implemented on the host in MATLAB. Results show that the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II outperforms the constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition by using differential evolution in obtaining a wider distributed Pareto solution and converges at a relatively shorter time frame. The optimized results show a promising increase in the performance of the electric formula vehicle in completing those events with the highest combined performance scoring, that is, the lap time of acceleration events improves by 9.18%, that of autocross event improves by 6.1%, and that of endurance event improves by 4.97%, with minimum decrease in energy rating of 32.54%.
Backstepping-based control methodology for aircraft roll dynamics
Authors: Tran Thanh T , Gonzalez Oscar R
Published: July 2019

This article investigates a backstepping-based control method for aircraft roll dynamics. The research starts with a formulation of backstepping control law for a general class of a strict-feedback form of nonlinear dynamic systems. The backstepping control law is formulated by introducing a normal tracking error. Then, control and virtual control inputs are selected by addressing each layer of the design process with a chosen corresponding control Lyapunov function. The parameter assignment in each design layer is selected to ensure the stability of the entire system. Next, a backstepping-based control algorithm with online-gain schedule or variable gains is provided for the standard strict-feedback system. In order to validate the proposed method, application of roll dynamics of aircraft is implemented. Dynamic equations of free-to-roll aircraft model is restructured in a standard strict-feedback model for formulating the backstepping control. Then, a backstepping control–based control strategy is provided for aircraft free-to-roll dynamics. Indoor experimental and simulation studies of roll angle control for the L-59 free-to-roll aircraft model at NASA Langley Research Center are implemented to verify and validate the proposed approach.
Diverse Reactions to Ethnic Diversity: The Role of Individual Differences in Authoritarianism
Authors: Van Assche Jasper , Roets Arne , Van Hiel Alain , Dhont Kristof
Published: July 2019

Issues related to ethnic-cultural diversity often make the news headlines in popular media and have attracted extensive attention in the political arena, as well as in academic research in psychology, political sciences, and sociology. Political scientist Robert Putnam reported that increased diversity is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including less trust, a decreased sense of community, more prejudice, and more cynicism and mistrust toward politics and politicians. Yet given that follow-up studies have often revealed mixed results, a novel approach to understanding the effects of diversity is needed. Here, we address the impact of diversity from a Person × Context interaction perspective, demonstrating that diversity aggravates the negative attitudes that already exist among certain individuals. Specifically, we review the accumulated evidence showing that people high in authoritarian attitudes are particularly sensitive to diversity and prone to react with increased negativity to out-groups, politicians, the political system, and democracy.
The future of European legal scholarship: Empirical Jurisprudence
Authors: Dyevre Arthur , Wijtvliet Wessel , Lampach Nicolas
Published: July 2019

To avert the twin threats of isolation and marginalization, we argue that European legal research should embrace the methodology of the social sciences to a much greater extent than is currently the case. To fit the hybrid – academic and professional – character of the law school, research should emphasize questions of broad interest to lawyers and legal reformers. We outline two lines of research, under the header of ‘Empirical Jurisprudence’, that, we believe, should be of fundamental interest to members of the legal community at large: (i) law as the art of persuasion; and (ii) law as social product and instrument of social planning. We show that the questions demarcated by these two research programmes are, and have always been, of interest to lawyers, claims to the autonomy of the legal discipline notwithstanding. We also argue that the rapidly expanding and increasingly eclectic array of empirical research techniques – from text mining to network analysis and machine learning – makes the turn to Empirical Jurisprudence especially promising.
Temporal Variability–Based Functional Brain Lateralization Study in ADHD
Authors: Zou Hongliang , Yang Jian
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of this work is to explore the relationship between temporal variability and brain lateralization in ADHD. Method: The temporal variabilities of 116 brain regions based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were calculated for analysis. Results: Between-group comparison revealed that in comparison with the controls, ADHD participants showed significantly higher temporal variability in the left superior frontal gyrus (medial), left rectus gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule and angular gyrus, and lower temporal variability in the amygdala, left caudate and putamen. Besides, ADHD patients exhibited significantly increased leftward lateralization in the orbitofrontal cortex (inferior), and decreased rightward lateralization in the orbitofrontal cortex (medial) and rectus gyrus, compared with controls. Lateralization indices were also found to be related with clinical characteristics of ADHD patients. Conclusion: Our results may help us deeper in understanding the pathology of ADHD.
Neighborhood Economic Changes After the Great Recession and Home Food Environments
Authors: Kim Yeonwoo , Cubbin Catherine
Published: July 2019

Objective. Home food environments are important contexts for children and their food intake. It is unknown whether neighborhood economic context plays a role in explaining the association between a national economic crisis and children’s home food environments. This study attempts to investigate neighborhood economic changes after the Great Recession and their associations with home food environments. Method. Using data from the Geographic Research on Wellbeing survey (2012-2013), we conducted a series of logistic regression analyses to examine the association between neighborhood changes after the Great Recession and home food environments. Results. Findings showed that neighborhood economic changes after the Great Recession were concentrated in poor neighborhoods. In addition, our findings demonstrated that poor families residing in neighborhoods severely affected by the Great Recession were vulnerable to less availability of fruits and vegetables in the home after the Great Recession. Discussion. Findings imply that public health interventions aiming to improve home food environments should include strategies at the national and neighborhood levels as well as the family level. A priority population for public health interventions should be poor families living in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Study on progress threads placement and dedicated cores for overlapping MPI nonblocking collectives on manycore processor
Authors: Denis Alexandre , Jaeger Julien , Jeannot Emmanuel , Pérache Marc , Taboada Hugo
Published: July 2019

To amortize the cost of MPI collective operations, nonblocking collectives have been proposed so as to allow communications to be overlapped with computation. Unfortunately, collective communications are more CPU-hungry than point-to-point communications and running them in a communication thread on a dedicated CPU core makes them slow. On the other hand, running collective communications on the application cores leads to no overlap. In this article, we propose placement algorithms for progress threads that do not degrade performance when running on cores dedicated to communications to get communication/computation overlap. We first show that even simple collective operations, such as those based on a chain topology, are not straightforward to make progress in background on a dedicated core. Then, we propose an algorithm for tree-based collective operations that splits the tree between communication cores and application cores. To get the best of both worlds, the algorithm runs the short but heavy part of the tree on application cores, and the long but narrow part of the tree on one or several communication cores, so as to get a trade-off between overlap and absolute performance. We provide a model to study and predict its behavior and to tune its parameters. We implemented both algorithms in the multiprocessor computing framework, which is a thread-based MPI implementation. We have run benchmarks on manycore processors such as the KNL and Skylake and get good results for both performance and overlap.
Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis of the SABATH Gene Family in Arabidopsis and Rice
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Min , Yuan Yijun , Liu Shaofang
Published: July 2019

Low molecular weight metabolites are important plant hormones and signaling molecules, and play an important part among the processes of plant development. Their activities may also be affected by the chemical modifications of methylation performed by SABATH. In this study, a total of 24 and 21 SABATH genes in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively, were identified and taken a comprehensive study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AtSABATH and OsSABATH genes could be classified into 4 major groups and 6 subgroups. Gene expansion analysis showed that the main expansion mechanism of SABATH gene family in Arabidopsis and rice was tandem duplication and segmental duplication. The ratios of nonsynonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution rates of 12 pairs paralogous of AtSABATH and OsSABATH genes indicated that the SABATH gene family in Arabidopsis and rice had gone through purifying selection. Positive selection analysis with site models and branch-site models revealed that AtSABATH and OsSABATH genes had undergone selective pressure for adaptive evolution. Motif analysis showed that certain motifs only existed in specific subgroups or species, which indicated that the SABATH proteins of Arabidopsis and rice appear divergence in different species and subgroups. Functional divergence analysis also suggested that the AtSABATH and OsSABATH subgroup genes had functional differences, and the positive selection sites which contributed to functional divergence among subgroups were detected. These results provide insights into functional conservation and diversification of SABATH gene family, and are useful information for further elucidating SABATH gene family functions.
A Stress Response Program at the Origin of Evolutionary Innovation in the Skin
Authors: Eckhart Leopold , Ehrlich Florian , Tschachler Erwin
Published: July 2019

The skin epithelium, ie, the epidermis, of dolphins and whales (cetaceans) is up to 50 times thicker than that of humans and other mammals living on land. Recently, comparative genomics revealed further striking differences in the cytoskeleton of the outer layers of the epidermis in aquatic and terrestrial mammals. Cetaceans lack the cytoskeletal keratins, which make up more than half of the total protein mass in the cornified epidermal layer of terrestrial mammals under homeostatic conditions. By contrast, orthologs of stress-inducible epithelial keratins are conserved in cetaceans and these keratins are constitutively expressed in their skin. Thus, the epidermal stress response program of a terrestrial common ancestor of modern mammals has become the default program of epidermal differentiation and a central component of the unique cutaneous organization of cetaceans. We propose that phenotypic plasticity during stress responses plays important roles in the evolution of the skin.
Description and Biological Studies of a New Species of Metaphycus Mercet, 1917 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), A Parasitoid of Capulinia linarosae Kondo & Gullan
Authors: Chirinos Dorys T , Kondo Takumasa
Published: July 2019

The guava cottony scale, Capulinia linarosae Kondo & Gullan (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), is an important pest of guava, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) in northern Colombia and Venezuela. A species of Metaphycus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is the only known primary parasitoid associated with this insect pest. The parasitoid is herein described as M. marensis Chirinos & Kondo, sp. nov., based on morphological characteristics of the adult female and male. Biological studies on adult longevity, fecundity, host preference, and sex ratio were conducted. The maximum longevity of the female and the male were 8.0 and 6.5 days, respectively, when fed with diluted honey. On average, a fed mated female laid approximately 40 eggs. Adult females of M. marensis were shown to prefer to parasitize 11- to 15-day-old adult females of C. linarosae and do not parasitize first-instar nymphs of the host eriococcid. The female-to-male sex ratio of the parasitoid was 2.24: 1. When ovipositing females of M. marensis were given only small-sized individuals (second-instar nymphs) of C. linarosae, generally the resulting progeny was a single male wasp. This parasitoid species has arrhenotokous reproduction and is a facultative gregarious parasitoid. These results show a short adult longevity, as well as a relatively low fecundity of the female compared with studies conducted on other Metaphycus species. This study provides essential baseline information for future biological control programmes for C. linarosae.
Imagining a different voice: A critical and caring approach to management education
Authors: Heath Teresa , O’Malley Lisa , Tynan Caroline
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the use of the moral philosophy known as the ethics of care to critically engage management students in ways that favour the development and enactment of a critical and responsible mentality towards business. We use this ethics to ground critical thinking in a moral framework in order to create a conversation in which new possibilities for sustainable and ethical practices might be discovered. Specifically, we identify four teaching practices that allow students to experience being both ‘cared for’ and ‘one-caring’ and explore how this creates a deeper and more critical moral engagement with those affected by businesses. We further propose a framework for applying a care-ethical approach for teaching and learning.
Institutional resistance to veganism: Constructing vegan bodies as deviant in medical encounters in Estonia
Authors: Aavik Kadri
Published: July 2019

This article examines institutional resistance to veganism, with a focus on the medical system. Based on a qualitative analysis of vegans’ accounts of medical encounters in Estonia, collected via an online questionnaire, I argue that the vegan body is socially constructed as a deviant entity by medical professionals. I suggest that the medical professionals’ perceptions of vegans are based less on the actual conditions of their bodies but more on ideas about what are socially and politically acceptable identities and (bodily) practices. Deviance is produced through association with the uneasy category of ‘vegan’. The experiences of vegans in the medical system illuminate the role of powerful social institutions in resisting transition towards more ethical and ecologically sustainable food practices and in endorsing human exploitation of other animals.
SuperOrder: Provider order recommendation system for outpatient clinics
Authors: Sung Yi-Shan , Dravenstott Ronald W , Darer Jonathan D , Devapriya Priyantha D , Kumara Soundar
Published: July 2019

This study aims at developing SuperOrder, an order recommendation system for outpatient clinics. Using the electronic health record data available at midnight, SuperOrder predicts the order contents for each upcoming appointment on a daily basis. A two-level prediction framework is proposed. At the base-level, the predictions are produced by aggregating three machine learning methods. The meta-level predictions are generated by integrating the base-level predictions with the order co-occurrence network. We used the retrospective data between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2015 in pulmonary clinics from five hospital sites within a large rural health care facility in Pennsylvania to test the feasibility. With a decrease of 6 per cent in the precision, the improvement of the recall at the meta-level is approximately 20 per cent from the base-level. This demonstrates that the proposed order co-occurrence network helps in increasing the performance of order predictions. The implementation will bring a more effective and efficient way to place outpatient orders.
TV-MV Analytics: A visual analytics framework to explore time-varying multivariate data
Authors: Soriano-Vargas Aurea , Hamann Bernd , F de Oliveira Maria Cristina
Published: July 2019

We present an integrated interactive framework for the visual analysis of time-varying multivariate data sets. As part of our research, we performed in-depth studies concerning the applicability of visualization techniques to obtain valuable insights. We consolidated the considered analysis and visualization methods in one framework, called TV-MV Analytics. TV-MV Analytics effectively combines visualization and data mining algorithms providing the following capabilities: (1) visual exploration of multivariate data at different temporal scales, and (2) a hierarchical small multiples visualization combined with interactive clustering and multidimensional projection to detect temporal relationships in the data. We demonstrate the value of our framework for specific scenarios, by studying three use cases that were validated and discussed with domain experts.
PREP2 Algorithm Predictions Are Correct at 2 Years Poststroke for Most Patients
Authors: Smith Marie-Claire , Ackerley Suzanne J. , Barber P. Alan , Byblow Winston D. , Stinear Cathy M.
Published: July 2019

Background. The PREP2 algorithm combines clinical and neurophysiological measures to predict upper-limb (UL) motor outcomes 3 months poststroke, using 4 prediction categories based on Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores. The algorithm was accurate at 3 months for 75% of participants in a previous validation study. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate whether PREP2 predictions made at baseline are correct 2 years poststroke. We also assessed whether patients’ UL performance remained stable, improved, or worsened between 3 months and 2 years after stroke. Methods. This is a follow-up study of 192 participants recruited and assessed in the original PREP2 validation study. Participants who completed assessments 3 months poststroke (n = 157) were invited to complete follow-up assessments at 2 years poststroke for the present study. UL outcomes were assessed with the ARAT, upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Scale, and Motor Activity Log. Results. A total of 86 participants completed 2-year follow-up assessments in this study. PREP2 predictions made at baseline were correct for 69/86 (80%) participants 2 years poststroke, and PREP2 UL outcome category was stable between 3 months and 2 years poststroke for 71/86 (83%). There was no difference in age, stroke severity, or comorbidities among patients whose category remained stable, improved, or deteriorated. Conclusions. PREP2 algorithm predictions made within days of stroke are correct at both 3 months and 2 years poststroke for most patients. Further investigation may be useful to identify which patients are likely to improve, remain stable, or deteriorate between 3 months and 2 years.
Subtle and Overt Behaviors Toward Ethnic Minority Leaders and the Moderating Role of Competence
Authors: Anderson Amanda J. , Ahmad Afra Saeed , King Eden B. , Gilrane Veronica
Published: July 2019

This study extends research on stereotypes and leadership to consider the subtle and overt behavioral responses to leaders from multiple ethnic backgrounds. Specifically, the study focuses on overt and subtle discrimination toward African American, Asian American, Middle Eastern American, and White male leaders. Results from an experiment measuring authentic reactions to leaders reveal that Asian American leaders were treated more negatively in comparison to White and Middle Eastern American leaders. Furthermore, individuating information about the leader’s competence marginally improved performance expectations of Middle Eastern American leaders compared with White and Asian leaders. However, African American leaders were treated less positively when information about competence was provided compared with when it was not. The findings suggest that the unique stereotypes of each ethnic group can affect the utility of providing individuating information about competence.
Toward efficient authentication for space-air-ground integrated Internet of things
Authors: Zhao Baokang , Liu Puguang , Wang Xiaofeng , You Ilsun
Published: July 2019

Space-air-ground integrated Internet of things can improve the scope of Internet of things applications significantly by offering truly global coverage all over the world. While space-air-ground integrated Internet of things is promising to be very useful in many aspects, its deployment and application should overcome severe security threats, for example, interceptions, identity forgery, data tampering, and so on. Authentication is an essential step to protect the Internet of things security, and mutual authentication (i.e. two-way authentication) is especially important to ensure the security of both communication parties simultaneously. However, the intrinsical properties of network dynamics and wide coverage make the authentication concern in space-air-ground integrated Internet of things extremely challenging than traditional Internet of things networks. In this article, we propose MASIT, an identity-based efficient and lightweight mutual authentication scheme for space-air-ground integrated Internet of things. MASIT exploits the natural broadcast property of space-air-ground integrated Internet of things to speed up authentication process, and leverage the distinguished feature of IPv6 to support concurrent numerous nodes. Theoretically, we prove that MASIT is existential unforgeable secure under adaptively chosen message and identity Attacks. We also implement MASIT and other existing typical identity-based encryption schemes and evaluate their performance in real platforms. Experimental results showed that, MASIT outperforms the existing identity-based encryption schemes significantly, that is, the signature verification time can be reduced by 50% to 60%, and the user signature size can be reduced by 13% to 50%.
Group-based storytelling in disease self-management among people with diabetes
Authors: Gucciardi Enza , Reynolds Erica , Karam Grace , Beanlands Heather , Sidani Souraya , Espin Sherry
Published: July 2019

Objective

We explored the underlying mechanisms by which storytelling can promote disease self-management among people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Two, eight-session storytelling interventions were delivered to a total of eight adults with type 2 diabetes at a community health center in Toronto, Ontario. Each week, participants shared stories about diabetes self-management topics of their choice. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, transcripts from each session and focus groups conducted during and following the intervention were coded and analyzed using NVivo software. Through content analysis, we identified categories that describe processes and benefits of the intervention that may contribute to and support diabetes self-management.

Results

Our analysis suggests that storytelling facilitates knowledge exchange, collaborative learning, reflection, and making meaning of one’s disease. These processes, in turn, could potentially build a sense of community that facilitates peer support, empowerment, and active engagement in disease self-management.

Conclusion

Venues that offer patients opportunities to speak of their illness management experiences are currently limited in our healthcare systems. In conjunction with traditional diabetes self-management education, storytelling can support several core aspects of diabetes self-management. Our findings could guide the design and/or evaluation of future story-based interventions.
Sex offenders, sex and the sub rosa prison economy
Authors: Sheldon David
Published: July 2019

A wealth of literature exists detailing the nature and extent of sexual activity in the US penal estate while little attention has been paid to the subject in English prisons. The purpose of this article is to explore the nature of sexual activity occurring in a medium security sex offender only prison in England. Based on a six-month prison ethnography including 30 semi-structured interviews, it will be shown that sex offenders engage in sexual activity whilst in prison despite the prohibition on sexual activity. For sex offenders, prison sex is not solely about the performance of masculinities, power and dominance, but was instead used for sexual gratification and the sexual exploitation of others. The exploitative nature of the sexual activity was inextricably linked to the sub rosa economy of the prison. As such, prison sex for sex offenders is qualitatively different to previous depictions of prison sex among mainstream offenders.
Setosphaerine A: A New Chlorinated Polyketide Isolated From the Entomogenous Fungus Setosphaeria rostrata
Authors: Gao Wen-Bin , Liu Sha-Sha , Tian Ying-Chao , Dong Qian , Zhang Jun , Qin Jian-Chun , Luo Du-Qiang
Published: July 2019

A new chlorinated polyketide setosphaerine A (1), together with 3 known ones penicipyran D (2), 7- O-demethymonocerin (3), and monocerin (4), was isolated from the entomogenous fungus Setosphaeria rostrata. The structure of compound 1 was established on the basis of 1D/2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and High Resolution Electro Spray Ionization Mass Spectra (HR-ESI-MS) data. Compounds 1 to 4 showed moderate cytotoxicity against 3 human tumor cell lines MCF-7, MGC-803, and Hela with IC50 values ranging from 33 to 243 nM.
Return to Sport After Coracoid Transfer in Athletes With Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Glogovac Georgina , Schumaier Adam P. , Grawe Brian M.
Published: July 2019

Context:

Recurrent shoulder instability in young athletes can lead to a spectrum of soft tissue and bony lesions that can be bothersome and/or disabling. Coracoid transfer is a treatment option for athletes with recurrent instability.

Objective:

To report the rate of return to sport for athletes after coracoid transfer.

Data Sources:

An electronic search of the literature was performed using the PubMed (MEDLINE) and Cochrane Databases (1966-2018).

Study Selection:

Studies were included if they evaluated return to sport after treatment with coracoid transfer at a minimum 1-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

Data were extracted by 2 authors and included study design, level of evidence, patient demographics (number, age, sex), procedure performed, duration of clinical follow-up, rate of return to sport, patient-reported outcome measures, reoperations, and complications.

Results:

Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The rate of return to sport at any level ranged from 80% to 100% in all but 1 study (38%), and the rate of return to the previous level of play ranged from 56% to 95% in all but 1 study (16%). Patients returned to sport at an average of 3.2 to 8.1 months. The average patient-reported outcome scores ranged from 78% to 94% (Rowe), 223.6 to 534.3 (Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index), and 75% to 90% (subjective shoulder value). The rate of postoperative dislocation ranged from 0% to 14%, and the reoperation rate ranged from 1.4% to 13%.

Conclusion:

There was a high early rate of return to sport in patients who underwent coracoid transfer for anterior shoulder instability, although patients did not reliably return to the same level of play. The procedure had very favorable outcomes for treatment of instability, with low rates of recurrent dislocation and reoperation.