bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arte Sartorial. De lo ritual a lo cotidiano
Authors: González Eliçabe Ximena
Published: April 2020

Mucho se ha dicho sobre los orígenes del vestido: que atávicamente ha servidopara distinguir roles dentro de un grupo o comunidad, que ha sido forma de protecciónde la intemperie o de la desnudez, pero no debe olvidarse de su importancia en cuanto ala protección espiritual. El traje ha sido además, vehículo de comunicación con otras realidades, otros planos y dimensiones, capaz de transformar y transportar a quien lo porta,ha sido refugio, escudo y fetiche, segunda piel, hábitat. Así como en el espacio sagrado delas religiones chamánicas, o en las artes performativas, el vestido y la máscara ocupan unpapel trascendental, el objeto deja de ser prenda para fundirse con el cuerpo y transmutaral sujeto en otra entidad, que adquiere los atributos de lo que el traje representa. A lo largodel texto se abordarán los paralelos entre arte y moda, se analizarán las obras de artistasque desde el género de la performance, encarnan el fenómeno del cambio con relacionessimultáneamente poéticas y mágicas.
El asociativismo en las empresas de diseño de indumentaria de autor en Argentina
Authors: Marré Sofía
Published: April 2020

El asociativismo como alternativa de sustentabilidad económica en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de diseño de indumentaria de autor. Las ventajas de trabajar de manera conjunta se traducen en la  representación institucional, la capacidad de negociación, mejorar la comercialización, aumentar la difusión y comunicación, compartir personal calificado, incorporar tecnología que es inaccesible a nivel individual, intercambiar experiencia y saberes entre colegas, tener mayor objetividad al momento de identificar problemas y sus posibles soluciones, acceder a capacitaciones, mejorar las oportunidades y tener mejor acceso a líneas de financiamiento.
From classroom to design room: the transitional experience of the fashion design graduate
Authors: Faerm Steven
Published: April 2020

El presente estudio examina la experiencia transicional de los graduados endiseño de indumentaria en su pasaje de la universidad a la vida profesional a través dela mirada de recientes graduados, profesionales, educadores, académicos y estudiantes.Asimismo, el estudio toma en consideración el futuro de la enseñanza del diseño de indumentaria y qué tipo de experiencias prepararían mejor a los estudiantes para su ingreso almercado. La bibliografía consultada profundiza en diferentes temáticas, como el diseño enla sociedad, la enseñanza del diseño de indumentaria, las características del desarrollo delos jóvenes adultos, tutorías, y preparación de los estudiantes para el mundo profesional.La experiencia de los graduados se contextualiza a través de focus-groups con diseñadoresprofesionales y educadores, entrevistas con profesionales y una encuesta online a recientesgraduados. Este estudio intenta brindar a los profesores de diseño de indumentaria y a losdirectores de carrera un panorama actualizado sobre cómo mejorar la preparación de losestudiantes de diseño de indumentaria para su ingreso a la práctica profesional.
How and why you should segment veterinary markets
Authors: Hill Joseph
Published: April 2020

Veterinary markets are traditionally split into three main species related categories. For a business to compete effectively, a greater understanding of the relevant markets and client expectations are required. Segmenting markets into defined sections allows a business to gain a comprehensive insight into where it currently operates and where it needs to position itself in the future.
DESAFIOS NA GESTÃO FINANCEIRA: ESTUDO DE CASO NAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO NA SERRA DE SÃO JOSÉ – MG
Authors: Bertolin Camila Magri
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a realização de estudo de caso na Área de Proteção Ambiental da Serra de São José e no Refúgio de Vida Silvestre das Libélulas da Serra de São José, em Minas Gerais, focado na gestão financeira. A criação de unidades de conservação é estratégia fundamental na conservação e proteção da biodiversidade e a gestão financeira pode ser considerada como ferramenta importante na manutenção e continuidade das mesmas. Diante do cenário de indisponibilidade de recursos por parte dos governos, as unidades devem criar alternativas financeiras, a fim de continuarem sua missão. No estudo de caso, observou-se que a gestão ocorre de maneira condizente com os objetivos de conservação. Acerca da gestão financeira, a insuficiência de recursos foi apontada como uma das principais dificuldades enfrentadas. As unidades em estudo não possuem parcerias com instituições financiadoras, as quais poderiam fornecer financiamento capaz de suprir as demandas.
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance: Consensus of Hematologists and Nephrologists of Russia on the Establishment of Nosology, Diagnostic Approach and Rationale for Clone Specific Treatment
Authors: Smirnov A. V. , Afanasyev B. V. , Poddubnaya I. V. , Dobronravov V. A. , Khrabrova M. S. , Zakharova E. V. , Nikitin E. A. , Kozlovskaya L. V. , Bobkova I. N. , Rameev V. V. , Batyushin M. M. , Moiseev Шю S. , Darskaya E. I. , Pirogova O. V. , Mendeleeva L. P. , Biryukova L. S.
Published: April 2020

Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is a new nosology in modern nephrology and oncohematology. MGRS is defined as kidney injury due to nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulin produced by the B-cell line clone which does not reach the hematological criteria for specific treatment initiation. Monoclonal protein’s pathological effects on kidney parenchyma result in irreversible decline of kidney function till the end stage renal disease that in line with the position of International Consensus of hematologists and nephrologists determinates critical necessity for clone specific treatment in patients with MGRS despite the absence of hematological indications for treatment initiation. Main challenge of MGRS in Russian Federation is an inaccessibility of an in-time diagnostic and appropriate treatment for the great majority of patients due to the following reasons: i) limited knowledge about the MGRS among hematologists and nephrologists; ii) lack of necessary diagnostic resources in most healthcare facilities; iii) lack of approved clinical recommendations and medical economic standards for treatment of this pathological entity. Consensus document comprises the opinion of experts — leading nephrologists and hematologists of Russian Federation — on the problem of MGRS including the incoherence in nosology classification, diagnostics approach and rationale for clone specific treatment. Consensus document is based on conclusions and agreements reached during the conference of leading nephrologists and hematologists of Russia which was held in the framework of symposia «Plasma cell dyscrasias and lymphoproliferative diseases: modern approaches to therapy», 15-16 of March 2019, Pavlov First St-Petersburg State Medical University, St-Petersburg, Russia. The present Consensus is intended to define the principal practical steps to resolve the problem of MGRS in Russian Federation that are summarized as final clauses.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis: From the History of the Concept to Modern Recommendations (Review)
Authors: Taradin G. G. , Ponomareva E. Yu. , Ignatenko G. A. , Vatutin N. T. , Prendergast B. D.
Published: April 2020

The presented review highlights current understandings of prophylaxis for infective endocarditis (IE). The historic aspects of the concept development of antibacterial prophylaxis (ABP) for IE, the main approaches and the rationale for changing the principles of ABP in recent years are described. There are detailed clarifications of published international and national recommendations, in particular, of European Society of Cardiology, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology and Japanese Circulation Society. The critical estimation of earlier adopted international guidelines with analysis of influence of partial or absolute ABP restrictions on the incidence of IE and its complications including fatality rate are presented.
Assessment of Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arterial Stiffness in Women of Different Ages
Authors: Ivanova O. S. , Maychuk E. Y. , Voevodina I. V.
Published: April 2020

Objective:A comprehensive study of the prevalence and structure of risk factors (RF) of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the daily dynamics of central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness in healthy women of different age groups.

Materials and methods:the study involved 161 women aged 18 to 65 years with one or more CVD RF. All volunteers underwent a survey, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring with determination of arterial stiffness and daily dynamics of central aortic pressure, determination of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and vascular stiffness by volume sphygmography.

Results:the examined were divided into 3 groups: 1 group of 52 women of young age from 18 to 30 years (23.8 Ѓ} 5.3 years); 2 group of 54 women from 31 years before the onset of menopause (41 Ѓ} 5.9 years); group 3 — 54 women in the postmenopausal period (55.4 Ѓ} 5.8 years). High prevalence of modifiable CVD RF among women of various ages was revealed: smoking, non-compliance with dietary recommendations, lack of physical activity. Obstetric and gynecological pathologies prevail in younger age groups. In group 1 the studied parameters correspond to normal in most parameters. Significant differences in central and peripheral pressure, arterial stiffness indicators, with the exception of cfPWV, were identified in group 2 in comparison with young women. A comparative analysis of groups 2 and 3 showed a significant difference and worsening of indicators characterizing the degree of development of arterial stiffness, the contribution of the reflected wave and the associated dysfunction of the left ventricle.

Conclusion:a comprehensive study of arterial stiffness allows you to identify subclinical changes in the vascular wall and evaluate their progression in women of different age groups.
Liver Cirrhosis as the Outcome of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with PNPLA3 Gene RS738409 Polymorphism
Authors: Nikitin I. G. , Tikhomirova A. S. , Zhinzhilo T. A. , Vinnitskaya E. V. , Sandler Y. G. , Kislyakov V. A. , Fedorov I. G.
Published: April 2020

Relevance: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease worldwide. Although the disease usually has a favorable, asymptomatic course, in some cases it can occur in the form of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and some patients may develop cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are more and more foreign studies proving the relationship of genetic factors with the progression of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, information about this association in the Russian Federation remains scarce.

Goal of the study: to assess the prevalence of patatinlike phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 gene variants in patients with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related cirrhosis of the liver in the Russian population sample and the effect of the mutation on the course of the disease.

Materials and methods: We formed three groups of patients. Group I included 30 patients with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related cirrhosis of the liver. Group II included 46 patients with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease at the non-cirrhotic stage. Group III included 25 healthy volunteers. A retrospective analysis of patient history data was performed. We analyzed the results of biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, and ultrasound examination of abdominal organs from the medical records of patients in groups I and II. Patients from groups I and II were additionally examined using hepatic shear elastometry using the aixplorer multiwave ultrasound system (SuperSonic Imagine, USA). Alleles of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results. During the study, we obtained statistically reliable links between Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the presence of a mutation in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 gene (RR-2.171; 95% CI: 1.131-4.170; χ2=6.730769; p=0.00948), between liver cirrhosis and the presence of a mutation in the PNPLA3 gene (RR-4.011; 95% CI: 1.558-10.324; p=0.0003), and the relationship between the frequency of occurrence of the GG genotype of the patatin-like phospholipase domaincontaining protein 3 gene with increasing the stage of liver fibrosis in the Russian population sample.

Conclusion: The patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 gene polymorphism rs738409 is a factor in the progression of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to high stages of fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Detecting of this polymorphism in patients with NAFLD in Russian population may be useful for identifying high-risk groups for disease progression.
Le risque mycotoxique : danger et impact sanitaire en productions animales
Authors: GALTIER P. , OSWALD I.P. , GUERRE P. , MORGAVI D. , BOUDRA H. , JOUANY J.P.
Published: April 2020

L’exposition d’animaux d’élevage à une alimentation contaminée par les mycotoxines démontre l’effet de ces contaminants naturels sur les performances zootechniques et la qualité des produits d’origine animale. Chez le porc, l’aflatoxine B1 la fumonisine B1 et le déoxynivalénol altèrent la réponse du système immunitaire avec de possibles conséquences en termes de sensibilité aux infections. Ces mêmes toxines modifient l’activité des enzymes hépatiques de biotransformation, ce qui pourrait perturber le devenir ou l’efficacité de dérivés xénobiotiques ou endogènes. Chez la volaille, de fortes expositions alimentaires aux fumonisines, en limite des seuils de tolérance européens pour le maïs, entraînent des pertes de production chez les canards et les dindes. De plus, des résidus tissulaires de cette mycotoxine ont été détectés dans le tissu hépatique ou rénal de ces deux espèces. Chez les ruminants, les mycotoxines des fourrages secs ou ensilés comme la gliotoxine, la patuline, la roquefortine C ou l’acide mycophénolique perturbent les capacités fermentaires du rumen. Enfin, des résidus d’aflatoxines ou d’ochratoxine A ont été détectés dans le lait de grand mélange. Toutefois, les teneurs mesurées demeurent inférieures aux seuils réglementaires européens.
Comment affiner la localisation d’un QTL ?
Authors: YTOURNEL F. , GILBERT H. , BOICHARD D.
Published: April 2020

De nombreuses méthodes ont été proposées pour cartographier finement des locus impliqués dans la variabilité des caractères quantitatifs (Quantitative Trait Loci ou QTL). La diversité de ces méthodes s’explique notamment par les différences qui existent entre les espèces, par exemple du fait des intervalles entre générations, des coûts de production, ou de la variabilité des coûts de phénotypage des carac-tères. Nous proposons ici une revue des méthodes permettant d’accéder à une cartographie fine de ces locus, décrivant au préalable les conditions d’une réduction de l’intervalle de localisation de ces QTL. Le paramètre clé permettant de réduire cet intervalle est le nom- bre de recombinaisons utiles. C’est pourquoi nous décrivons, dans les parties suivantes, les méthodes de cartographie fine en distinguant celles qui nécessitent la procréation d’individus ou de générations supplémentaires pour augmenter le nombre de recombinaisons, de celles qui ont recours à des modèles statistiques pour inférer des recombinaisons ayant eu lieu au cours des générations passées.
Invisible mais dangereux, le portage bactérien commence à révéler ses secrets
Authors: DUCHET-SUCHAUX M.
Published: April 2020

Le portage bactérien chez les animaux domestiques a commencé à être analysé relativement récemment, malgré son importance considérable dans l’épidémiologie et l’évolution des maladies infectieuses. La grande majorité des exemples documentés concernent des zoonoses, maladies transmises des animaux à l’Homme, le plus souvent via les aliments. L’animal porteur est infecté par un agent infectieux mais ne présente pas de symptômes consécutifs à cette infection ; cette bactérie est transmise à l’Homme ou à d’autres animaux qui eux, pourront développer une maladie, plus ou moins grave. La prévalence du portage chez les animaux est très élevée dans certains cas et son importance est aussi liée à la fréquence et à la gravité des maladies qu’il suscite. Il est mal compris et une meilleure compréhension de ses mécanismes devrait en améliorer la maîtrise, ce qui limitera les risques de maladie notamment chez l’Homme. La mise en œuvre d’outils d’analyse dans des modèles expérimentaux pertinents a permis de commencer à étudier les facteurs bactériens comme les facteurs de l’hôte impliqués dans le portage. Le plus documenté, l’exemple du portage intestinal a été comparé dans plusieurs modèles : ceux de Salmonella enterica sérovar Typhimurium ou Salmonella enterica sérovar Enteritidis chez la poule, de Campylobacter jejuni dans la même espèce et d’Escherichia coli O157:H7 chez les ruminants. Ce bilan met en évidence une multiplicité des facteurs en cause aussi bien chez la bactérie que chez l’hôte et il identifie des facteurs spécifiques à chaque modèle et quelques points communs. Il montre la mise en jeu de régulations ou de modulations contribuant à expliquer cet équilibre entre la bactérie et son hôte.
Les publications issues du programme "Porcherie verte"
Authors: HERPIN P. , PEREZ J.M.
Published: April 2020

Les publications issues du programme «Porcherie verte»Le programme «Porcherie verte» a donné lieu à un total de 294 publications qui se répartissent en 112 articles et 182 communications à destination de la communauté scientifique (209) ou des professionnels (85), selon le tableau suivant. Voir l'article complet à l'adresse suivante.
https://www6.inrae.fr/productions-animales/content/download/5596/79571/version/1/file/Prod_Anim_2008_4_02.pdf
Place de la maîtrise de la reproduction dans les schémas de sélection en chèvres laitières
Authors: LEBOEUF B. , DELGADILLO J.A. , MANFREDI E. , PIACERE A. , CLEMENT V. , MARTIN P. , PELLICER-RUBIO M.T. , BOUÉ P. , DE CREMOUX R.
Published: April 2020

La saisonnalité de la reproduction chez les chèvres originaires des latitudes tempérées ou subtropicales peut maintenant être contrôlée par des changements artificiels de la photopériode. Les jours courts stimulent l’activité sexuelle tandis que les jours longs l’inhibent. Ces connaissances ont permis le développement de traitements photopériodiques pour le contrôle de l’activité sexuelle des chèvres et des boucs.
En France, l’Insémination Artificielle (IA) des chèvres joue un rôle central pour le contrôle des appariements et l’organisation du schéma de sélection. La plupart des chèvres sont inséminées en dehors de la saison sexuelle avec de la semence cryoconservée, après induction hormonale de l’ovulation seule ou en combinaison avec des traitements photopériodiques. Les taux de fertilité sont en moyenne de 65%. De nouvelles stratégies sont en cours d’expérimentation. Elles sont basées sur l’IA après un effet mâle pour réduire l’utilisation des hormones.
Le schéma de sélection s’est développé grâce aux progrès de l’IA. Ce schéma repose sur des plans d’accouplements entre reproducteurs d’élite, le testage sur descendance en fermes et la diffusion des semences de boucs améliorateurs. Après les caractères laitiers, les caractères fonctionnels sont désormais pris en compte. Actuellement, l’accent est mis sur la morphologie de la mamelle. La résistance à certaines maladies est à l’étude. Outre cette approche de génétique quantitative, de nouvelles perspectives basées sur une approche moléculaire permettront de détecter des gènes économiquement intéressants pour l’élevage caprin.
La production laitière dans les régions de l’arc Atlantique européen
Authors: CHATELLIER V. , PFLIMLIN A. , PERROT C.
Published: April 2020

Les régions de «l’arc Atlantique» qui participent au projet «Green Dairy» réalisent près du quart de la production laitière de l’UE. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, le taux de restructuration du secteur productif laitier a été particulièrement intense dans les régions espagnoles et anglaises. Dans les régions françaises, les mesures en faveur de l’installation de jeunes agriculteurs et la gestion administrée des quotas laitiers ont freiné le mouvement d’agrandissement des exploitations. Bien que situées dans la même zone climatique (sous influence océanique), les exploitations laitières de l’arc Atlantique privilégient des systèmes alimentaires variés et une utilisation plus ou moins intensive des surfaces fourragères. Du fait de surfaces limitées, les exploitations portugaises et espagnoles achètent d’importantes quantités de concentrés et sont souvent intensives. Les exploitations de l’Ouest de la France, qui valorisent fréquemment des fourrages ensilés, sont confrontées à des difficultés environnementales importantes, en raison de la présence d’autres productions animales (porcs et volailles). Favorisées par un faible coût alimentaire, elles sont pénalisées par des coûts de mécanisation élevés. Les unités irlandaises et anglaises, qui laissent une large place à l’herbe, ont un coût de production du lait bien maîtrisé. Elles sont cependant pénalisées par un faible prix du lait et investissent peu. Les exploitations laitières de l’arc Atlantique ne sont donc pas toutes homogènes face aux nouveaux défis : la remise en cause du régime des quotas laitiers (qui soulève d’importants enjeux territoriaux en France) ; le renchérissement du prix de l’énergie fossile (qui pourrait entraîner une hausse du prix des céréales, peu favorable aux systèmes alimentaires du sud) ; le renforcement des contraintes environnementales (qui implique des investissements).
Tissue-Engineered Anterior Segment Eye Cultures Maintain Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Waxman Susannah , Wang Chao , Dang Yalong , Loewen Ralitsa , Loewen Nils A.
Published: April 2020

Glaucoma is a blinding disease largely caused by increased resistance to drainage of fluid from the eye’s anterior chamber, resulting in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). A major site of fluid outflow regulation and pathology is the trabecular meshwork (TM) at the entrance of the eye’s drainage system. We aimed to characterize the structural and functional properties of a newly developed tissue-engineered anterior segment eye culture model. We hypothesized that repopulation of a decellularized TM with non-native TM cells could restore aspects of normal TM. The decellularization protocol removed all cells and debris while preserving the ECM. Seeded cells localized to the TM region and progressively infiltrated the meshwork ECM. Cells reached a distribution comparable to control TM after four days of perfusion culture. After a perfusion rate increase challenge, tissue-engineered cultures reestablished normal IOPs (reseeded = 13.7±0.4 mmHg, decellularized = 35.2±2.2 mmHg, p < 0.0001). eGFP expressing CrFK control cells caused a high and unstable IOP (27.0±6.2 mmHg). In conclusion, we describe a readily available, storable, and biocompatible scaffold for anterior segment perfusion culture of non-native cells. Tissue-engineered organs demonstrated similarities to native tissues and may reduce the need for scarce donor globes in outflow research.
Thermal and Energy-Efficiency Assessment of Hybrid CLT–glass Façade Elements
Authors: Rajčić Vlatka
Published: April 2020

Façade elements are a building component that satisfies multiple performance parameters. Among other things, “advanced façades” take advantage of hybrid solutions, such as assembling laminated materials. In addition to the enhanced mechanical properties that are typical of optimally composed hybrid structural components, these systems are energy-efficient, durable, and offer lighting comfort and optimal thermal performance, an example of which is the structural solution developed in collaboration with the University of Zagreb and the University of Ljubljana within the Croatian Science Foundation VETROLIGNUM project. The design concept involves the mechanical interaction of timber and glass load-bearing members without sealing or bonding the glass-to-timber surfaces. Following earlier research efforts devoted to the structural analysis and optimization of thus-assembled hybrid Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)-glass façade elements, in this paper, special focus is given to a thermal and energy performance investigation under ordinary operational conditions. A simplified numerical model representative of a full-size building is first presented by taking advantage of continuous ambient records from a Live-Lab mock-up facility in Zagreb. Afterwards, a more detailed Finite Element (FE) numerical analysis is carried out at the component level to further explore the potential of CLT–glass façade elements. The collected numerical results show that CLT–glass composite panels can offer stable and promising thermal performance for façades similar to national and European standard requirements.
Socio-economic determinants for adoption of riverbed farming in Deukhuri valley of Western Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Shree Kumar
Published: April 2020

Riverbed farming (RbF) has emerged as an alternative form of agriculture. This farming supports the poor and marginalized farmers to adapt to climate change, especially in the degraded lands because of floods and flood-induced riverbank erosions every year. The government and non-government organizations (GOs/NGOs) have supported and built capacities of farmers to adopt this as an effective adaptation strategy in the region. This study aims to analyze the determinants of riverbed farming at the household level mainly in Deukhuri valley of Western Terai, Nepal. A total of 150 households were selected randomly for the study in Sisahaniya rural municipality for the household survey. The determinants of the adoption of riverbed farming have been analyzed utilizing independent variables such as age, gender, education, occupation, ethnicity, family size, and others. Education and occupation are positively significant for the adoption of riverbed farming whereas the family size is negatively significant. Agriculture is the main occupation in the area and education helped them to understand the concept and procedure of RbF as alternative farming in the degraded lands. However, not all the family members have actively contributed to the RbF. This is an interesting study that could be expanded with the support of GOs/NGOs.
The Minimum Information about a Molecular Interaction Causal Statement (MI2CAST)
Authors: Touré Vasundra , Vercruysse Steven , Acencio Marcio Luis , Lovering Ruth , Orchard Sandra , Bradley Glyn , Casals-Casas Cristina , Chaouiya Claudine , del-Toro Noemi , Flobak Åsmund , Gaudet Pascale , Hermjakob Henning , Licata Luana , Lægreid Astrid , Mungall Christopher , Niknejad Anne , Panni Simona , Perfetto Livia , Porras Pablo , Pratt Dexter , Thieffry Denis , Thomas Paul , Türei Dénes , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Kuiper Martin
Published: April 2020

A large variety of molecular interactions occurs between biomolecular components in cells. When one or a cascade of molecular interactions results in a regulatory effect, by one component onto a downstream component, a so-called ‘causal interaction’ takes place. Causal interactions constitute the building blocks in our understanding of larger regulatory networks in cells. These causal interactions and the biological processes they enable (e.g., gene regulation) need to be described with a careful appreciation of molecular interactions that occur between entities. A proper description of this information enables archiving, sharing, and reuse by humans and for computational science. Various representations of causal relationships between biological components are currently used in a variety of resources. Here, we propose a checklist that accommodates current representations, and call it the Minimum Information about a Molecular Interaction CAusal STatement (MI2CAST). This checklist defines both the required core information, as well as a comprehensive set of other contextual details valuable to the end user and relevant for reusing and reproducing causal molecular interaction information. The MI2CAST checklist can be used as reporting guidelines when annotating and curating causal statements, while assuring uniformity and interoperability of the data across resources.
Identification of Novel Missense Mutations in a Large Number of Recent SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequences
Authors: Cai Hugh Y. , Cai Kimberly K. , Li Julang
Published: April 2020

SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread to over 200 countries since it was first reported in December of 2019. Significant country-specific variations in infection and mortality rate have been noted. We performed a sequence analysis of 474 SARS-CoV-2 genomes submitted to GenBank up to April 11 and identified 5 recently emerged mutations in many the isolates (up to 40%). This finding was verified on a larger scale using the GISAID database with 8,008 SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Our analysis highlights 5 frequent new mutations that have emerged since late February 2020. These mutations are: one each missense (non-synonymous) mutation in orf1ab (C1059T), orf3 (G25563T) and orf8 (C27964T), one in 5’UTR (C241T), one in a non-coding region (G29553A). The final mutation (G29553A) was found to be almost exclusive to the US isolates. The first 3 mutations are non-synonymous, leading to amino acid substitutions in the viral protein sequence. Except for C241T, all the novel mutations identified are absent in the isolates from Italy and Spain. Although the clinical significance of these mutations is currently unclear, the findings lay the foundation for further study into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on disease incidence, severity, and host immune response. In addition, it may also provide insights into vaccine development and serological response detection for the virus.
Mapping of Adult Plant Leaf Rust Resistance in Aus27506 and Validation of Underlying Loci by In-Planta Fungal Biomass Accumulation
Authors: Kandiah Pakeerathan , Chhetri Mumta , Hayden Matthew , Ayliffe Michael , Bariana Harbans , Bansal Urmil
Published: April 2020

Among the rust diseases, leaf rust of wheat caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most prevalent worldwide and causes significant yield losses. This study aimed to determine the genomic location of loci that control adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust in the pre-Green Revolution landrace accession, Aus27506, from the ‘Watkins Collection’. An Aus27506/Aus27229-derived F7 recombinant inbred (RIL) population was screened under field conditions across three cropping seasons and genotyped with the iSelect 90K Infinium SNP bead chip array. One QTL on each of chromosomes 1BL, 2B and 2DL explained most of the leaf rust response variation in the RIL population and were named QLr.sun-1BL, QLr.sun-2B and QLr.sun-2DL, respectively. QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL were contributed by Aus27506. QLr.sun-1BL is likely Lr46, while QLr.sun-2DL appeared to be a new APR locus. The alternate parent, Aus27229, carried the putatively new APR locus QLr.sun-2B. Comparisons of average severities among RILs carrying these QTL in different combinations indicated that QLr.sun-2B does not interact with either of the other two QTL; however, the combination of QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL reduced disease severity significantly. In-planta fungal quantification assays validated these results. The RILs carrying QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL did not differ significantly from parent Aus27506 in resistance. Aus27506 can be used as a source of adult plant leaf rust resistance in breeding programs.
Preparedness and Responses for Prevention and Control of COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Akhter Md Shamim
Published: April 2020

The most striking and dramatic catastrophe, as on April 2020, is - COVID - 19. Understanding of the COVID-19, the causing agent- the virus and the resultant causalities are still evolving. Till now, there is no specific treatment, no vaccine for the COVID-19. At this stage, what is utmost important now to face the disaster is to put emphasis on the preparedness and responses: research to discover vaccine, antivirals as soon as possible. Till then, it is necessary to put emphasis on infection preventive and control measures like to avoid close contact of infected people showing symptoms of respiratory diseases, hand hygiene and coughing etiquette. To make the infection preventive and control measures a success, the followings are to make success: ‘quarantine’ ‘isolation’, ‘travel bans’, ‘cordon sanitaire’ and ‘social distancing’ measures. The tools of modern information technology could help the authority to manage and monitor the preventive measures. Above all, preventive and control measures will not be successful if we fail to make aware the common people about the fatality of the COVID - 19. So, rapid preparedness and responses to COVID-19 are critically essential to face such disaster. Not a single moment is to waste!
Fermentation Optimization for Actinomycetes as a Single Cell Protein: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ullah Hayat , Ullah Asad , Khan Muhammad Waseem
Published: April 2020

Single cell proteins are the dead dried cells of microorganisms or purified protein isolated from microorganism’s cell culture, used as a food supplement to humans’ food and animals feed. World suffer from malnutrition particularly developing countries, due to rapid increase in population, increased the demand for protein and nutrients requirement. Bacteria is potential microorganism for SCP production due to high protein content, fast generation time, bio-active secondary metabolites production and can grow on various substrates. Actinobacteria species and strain have capability to produce biological active compounds, produced about two-thirds of antibiotics available in the market, actively used as antibiotics, antiprotozoal, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anticholesterol, antihelminth and immunosuppressant. Actinomycetes can be used as probiotic as well as single cell protein that will deal with antibiotic as well as protein source.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Health-Related Quality-of-Life Scores of Patients Undergoing Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Jain Sukrit S. , DeFroda Steven F. , Paxton E. Scott , Green Andrew
Published: April 2020

Background:

Health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) scores are required for cost-effectiveness and health-care value analysis. We evaluated HRQoL scores and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients with advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis treated with anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty to establish values of HRQoL scores that can be used for cost-effectiveness and value analysis and to assess relationships between HRQoL scores and shoulder and upper-extremity PROMs.

Methods:

We analyzed 143 patients (143 shoulders) with glenohumeral osteoarthritis treated with anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty; 92 patients had 1-year follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative functional outcomes were assessed with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and a visual analog scale (VAS) for shoulder pain and function. Health utility was assessed with the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), Short Form-6 Dimensions (SF-6D), and VAS Quality of Life (VAS QoL). HRQoL score validity was determined through correlations between the PROMs and HRQoL scores. The responsiveness of HRQoL scores was measured through the effect size and the standardized response mean.

Results:

There were significant improvements in all PROMs and HRQoL scores (p < 0.001) at 1 year after the surgical procedure. The changes in VAS QoL (very weak to moderate), EQ-5D (weak), and SF-6D (weak) were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the changes in PROMs, demonstrating comparably acceptable validity. There were large effect sizes in the VAS QoL (1.843), EQ-5D (1.186), and SF-6D (1.084) and large standardized response mean values in the VAS QoL (1.622), EQ-5D (1.230), and SF-6D (1.083), demonstrating responsiveness. The effect sizes of all PROMs were larger than those of the HRQoL scores.

Conclusions:

PROMs and HRQoL scores are not interchangeable, and studies of the cost-effectiveness and value of shoulder arthroplasty should incorporate both shoulder and upper-extremity PROMs and HRQoL scores. The findings of this study provide data on HRQoL scores that are specific to the treatment of advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis with anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty and can be used for future cost-effectiveness and value analysis studies.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Factores asociados a la aparición de defectos de desarrollo del esmalte en dentición decidua, en el Hospital Luis Heysen Incháustegui, Chiclayo, 2019
Authors: Serrano Arrasco Karen Lizeth
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la presencia de los defectos de desarrollo del esmalte (DDE) de la dentición decidua. Material y métodos: El diseño de investigación fue, observacional, prospectivo y transversal; la muestra fue de 135 niños, 37 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para el estudio, todos fueron evaluados en un consultorio dental. Resultados: Se realizó el análisis estadístico de los datos de manera descriptiva, con (chi-cuadrado, coeficiente de contingencia y gamma) para encontrar y evaluar las relaciones, respecto al DDE. El 59% de los niños evaluados fueron de sexo masculino, mientras que el 41% fueron niñas; en todos se encontró opacidad difusa. El nacimiento pretérmino se presentó en un 30% de los casos estudiados, mientras que el 70% cumplió el ciclo normal. La opacidad difusa fue la más prevalente. El 27% que nació con bajo peso presentan DDE. Se reportaron 4 niños con hipoplasia, de los cuales todos nacieron con un peso normal (>2500 gramos), solo 10 niños del total tuvieron un bajo peso, de entre 1500 y 2500 gramos y la mayoría fueron afectados por una opacidad difusa. El 78% de los niños presentó DDE en la zona anterior de la dentición. Conclusión: Los factores asociados en la aparición de DDE en el presente estudio no sería ninguno de los factores citados; sin embargo, el análisis descriptivo desarrollado establece que el sexo del bebé, el peso al nacer, el tipo de parto, las infecciones maternas durante la gestación y las infecciones durante el primer año de vida del bebé, podrían influenciar.
Evaluación del aplanamiento condilar en pacientes dentados y no dentados mediante radiografía panorámica
Authors: Cantor Mora Anthony , Fiori Chíncaro Gustavo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

Introducción: Las alteraciones morfológicas de los cóndilos se determinan por la disminución de tejido óseo en el cóndilo mandibular, lo que cambia su forma y tamaño. Entre los signos más frecuentes encontramos el aplanamiento condilar, que se presenta entre los procesos dinámicos. Los cambios morfológicos más frecuentes son aplanamiento condilar, caracterizado por la pérdida de la convexidad del cóndilo articular. Radiográficamente, se presenta como una superficie convexa, la cortical ósea condilar es continua con ausencia de zonas radiopacas o radiolúcidas irregulares. Objetivos: Evaluar las características radiográficas de aplanamiento condilar de la articulación temporomandibular en pacientes dentados y no dentados mediante el uso de la radiografía panorámica. Métodos: Se evaluaron 520 radiografías panorámicas (260 de pacientes dentados y 260 no dentados), de pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 18 a 70 años, que fueron tomadas en el Centro de Radiología Digital Oral y Maxilofacial D3RX de Floridablanca (Colombia), entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2018, elegidos de forma aleatoria simple. La muestra fue definida mediante una base de datos de estudios científicos referenciados bibliográficamente, y mostró en este estudio una población evaluada con más alto promedio. Resultados: Los pacientes desdentados tienen mayor incidencia a presentar alguna alteración en la forma, el lado y el tipo de aplanamiento según la radiografía panorámica. Conclusiones: Los cambios morfológicos de los cóndilos observados en la radiografía panorámica según género mostró mayor prevalencia en mujeres que en hombres, mayor incidencia en cóndilos redondeados y afectación mayor en pacientes no dentados. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que, a pesar de que la radiografía panorámica no es considerada la mejor herramienta para determinar la presencia de cambios morfológicos leves a nivel de la mandíbula, puede ser utilizada por el odontólogo como la primera ayuda diagnóstica para obtener una visión general no solo de la articulación temporomandibular, sino de otras estructuras anatómicas y dentarias que deben ser estudiadas en trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular.
Retrospective Development of a Novel Resilience Scale using Existing Cohort Data: The Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument
Authors: Montoya-Williams Diana , Passarella Molly , Lorch Scott A
Published: April 2020

Background: Cohort studies represent rich sources of data that can be used to link components of resilience to a variety of health-related outcomes. The Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) cohort study represents one of the largest data sets of the health and social context of adolescents transitioning into adulthood. It did not however use validated resilience scales in its data collection process. This study aimed to retrospectively create and validate a resilience scale using existing data from the cohort to better understand the resilience of its participants. Methods: Questions asked of participants during one Add Health data collection time period (N=9852) were matched to items on a well-known and widely validated resilience scale called the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale. Factor analysis and psychometric analyses were used to refine and validate this novel Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument. Construct validity utilized participants’ answers to the 10 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, which has been used to validate other resilience scales. Results: Factor analysis yielded an instrument with 13 items that showed appropriate internal consistency statistics. Resilience scores in our study were normally distributed with no ceiling or floor effects. Our instrument had appropriate construct validity, negatively correlating to answers on the depression scale (r = -0.64, p<0.001). We also found demographic differences in mean resilience scores: lower resilience scores were seen among women and younger participants. Resilience scores increased with increasing education and household income. Conclusions: It is possible to retrospectively construct a resilience scale from existing cohort data and achieve good psychometric properties. The Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument can be used to better understand the relationship between resilience, social determinants of health and health outcomes among young adults using existing data, much of which is publicly available.
A Data Driven Policy to Minimize the Tuberculosis Testing Cost Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Prabhu Vishnunarayan Girishan , Taaffe Kevin , Pirrallo Ronald , Shvorin Dotan
Published: April 2020

Background

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mandates that healthcare employees at high risk exposure to Tuberculosis (TB) undergo annual testing. Currently in the US, two methods of TB testing are commonly used: a two-step skin test or a whole-blood test. Each testing method has unique costs and considerations. Healthcare leadership’s test selection must not only account for direct cost such as material, procedure and resources, but also indirect costs such as employee workplace absence. Our purpose was to build a mathematical model to investigate the value loss perspective of these testing methods and assist leadership in their decision-making.
Methods

This model is based on an Upstate South Carolina healthcare employer’s costs affecting over 18,000 employees on 6 campuses. A process flow map identified the variations in TB testing methods that incorporated the varied material and procedural costs based on the Mantoux two-step tuberculin skin test (TST) and the Interferon-Gamma Release Assay test (IGRA). In addition to these direct costs, the subject’s time requirements involved with each test for 4 employee types and 6 travel-to-testing-site times were calculated.
Results

Regardless of direct cost variations, a switching point between testing procedures that minimized total system costs was most influenced by employee salary. In this model, an employee who is paid more than $48/hour should undergo IGRA blood testing irrespective of the travel time. As employee pay rate decreases to $30/hour, TST testing becomes more economical. Assuming an equal number of at-risk employees in each wage and travel category, switching from the current policy of 95% TST testing to integrated TST/IGRA testing would reduce TB compliance cost by 28%.
Conclusions

Mathematical modeling can assist healthcare system decision-makers in understanding the implications of employee TB compliance testing. This model distills the known direct costs of TST compared to IGRA testing and value loss perspectives of employee time into a definable switching point. Although actual costs and potential dollars saved depends on TB testing compliance rules and regulation, it appears that a mixed model of TB testing may be the most cost-effective approach for a large health care employer with multiple campuses.
Clinical features and outcome of small cell lung cancer in female patients: a large-cohort retrospective study
Authors: Hou Jia , Wang Yu , Li Wenyuan , Wang Xiao , Hao Jincan , Jiang Lili , Jiao Min , Tian Tao , Liang Xuan , Yao Yu , Sun Hong , Qin Tianjie , Wang Wenjuan , Guo Hui
Published: April 2020

Background: Currently, female small cell lung cancer (SCLC) incidence has been increasing. However, there have been few large database-based studies on female patients with SCLC. In this study, we used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to describe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of female SCLC patients.Methods: SCLC patients from the SEER database between 1973 and 2015 were included. Gender, age, race, stage, tumor size, and metastasis status were included in our study. Clinical characteristics were analyzed among females and males with SCLC. Survival analyses were conducted with log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models.Results: A total of 18234 patients were extracted from SEER database. 50.2% of the whole SCLC patients were females. Compared with males, females were less likely to be Asians, carry bigger size of tumor, have later TNM stage, and have distant metastases (P < 0.05). Gender proved to be an independent prognostic factor for SCLC patients (CSS:HR:1.105;95% CI: 1.068 1.143; P < 0.001; OS: HR, 1.120;95% CI: 1.084 1.158; P < 0.001). Female patients presented more favorable survival than male patients (Median OS/CSS:11 vs. 9 months, P < 0.001). Our results confirmed that age≥65, white race, later stage, tumor size ≥ 50mm and distant metastases were all associated with poor prognosis in female patients.Conclusions: Female gender is associated with more favorable outcome of SCLC. For females, patients who are senile, white people, and have poorer pathological features were associated with a shorter OS, which need to be more circumspectly treated in clinical practice.