bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variant Anatomy and Its Terminology
Authors: Kachlík David , Varga Ivan , Báča Václav , Musil Vladimír
Published: December 2020

Variant anatomy, which is an integral part of anatomical science, is related to abnormalities in the human body structure. Our understanding of variant anatomy is based on thousand years of anatomical experience. These abnormalities generally do not interfere with the function of the human body and do not typically manifest as pathological nosological units. However, under certain conditions, these abnormalities can worsen existing pathological states or even evoke new ones. Understanding variant anatomy is a basic skill not only of mere anatomists, but also of clinicians who work in fields involving both diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions. To gain and retain a good knowledge of the most frequent and clinically relevant anatomical variations, a simple, clear, and exactly defined nomenclature of variant structures is needed. A list of items comprising variant anatomy, which have been incorporated into the internationally accepted nomenclatures Terminologia Anatomica (1998) and Terminologia Neuroanatomica (2017), is described and analyzed. Examples of the most common anatomical variations related to terminology are mentioned, and variant anatomy as a whole and its role in understanding current anatomy are discussed.
A New Method for a Polyethersulfone-Based Dopamine-Graphene (xGnP-DA/PES) Nanocomposite Membrane in Low/Ultra-Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis (L/ULPRO) Desalination
Authors: Ndlwana Lwazi , Motsa Mxolisi M. , Mamba Bhekie B.
Published: December 2020

Herein we present a two-stage phase inversion method for the preparation of nanocomposite membranes for application in ultra-low-pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO). The membranes containing DA-stabilized xGnP (xGnP-DA-) were then prepared via dry phase inversion at room temperature, varying the drying time, followed by quenching in water. The membranes were characterized for chemical changes utilizing attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated the presence of new chemical species and thus, the inclusion of xGnP-DA in the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane matrix. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed increasing surface roughness (Ra) with increased drying time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the cross-sectional morphology of the membranes. Water uptake, porosity and pore size were observed to decrease due to this new synthetic approach. Salt rejection using simulated seawater (containing Na, K, Ca, and Mg salts) was found to be up to stable at <99.99% between 1–8 bars operating pressure. After ten fouling and cleaning cycles, flux recoveries of <99.5% were recorded, while the salt rejection was <99.95%. As such, ULPRO membranes can be successfully prepared through altered phase inversion and used for successful desalination of seawater.
Size of Cells and Physicochemical Properties of Membranes are Related to Flavor Production during Sake Brewing in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yoda Tsuyoshi , Saito Tomoaki
Published: December 2020

Ethyl caproate (EC) and isoamyl acetate (IA) are key flavor components of sake. Recently, attempts have been made to increase the content of good flavor components, such as EC and IA, in sake brewing. However, the functions of EC and IA in yeast cells remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of EC and IA using cell-sized lipid vesicles. We also investigated lipid vesicles containing EC and/or caproic acid (CA) as well as IA and/or isoamyl alcohol (IAA). CA and IAA are precursors of EC and IA, respectively, and are important flavors in sake brewing. The size of a vesicle is influenced by flavor compounds and their precursors in a concentration-dependent manner. We aimed to establish the conditions in which the vesicles contained more flavors simultaneously and with different ratios. Interestingly, vesicles were largest in a mixture of 50% of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) with 25% EC and 25% CA or a mixture of 50% DOPC with 25% IA and 25% IAA. The impact of flavor additives on membrane fluidity was also studied using Laurdan generalized polarization. During the production process, flavors may regulate the fluidity of lipid membranes.
Geochronological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Hutouya Polymetallic Skarn Deposit in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, NW China
Authors: Gao Hongchang , Sun Fengyue , Li Bile , Qian Ye , Wang Li , Zhang Yajing
Published: December 2020

The Hutouya polymetallic skarn deposit lies in the Qimantagh area of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, NW China. Skarnization and mineralization at the deposit are closely associated with contemporary felsic intrusions. In this paper, zircon U-Pb ages and zircon Hf isotope as well as whole-rock geochemical and whole-rock Sr-Nd isotope data are reported for intrusive rocks and crystal tuff of the Elashan Formation in the Hutouya area. Moreover, Re-Os ages and S-Pb isotopes are also reported for the ore minerals in the Hutouya deposit. The Zircon laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) U-Pb age of granodiorite and Re-Os isochron age of molybdenite suggest that mineralizations occurred at ca. 227 Ma and that the granodiorite and molybdenite are closely related petrogenetically. All the granitoids in the Hutouya deposit are high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous I-type granitoids. Among them, the ore-forming granitoids were derived by the mixing of crust-derived (either juvenile or ancient mature lower crust) and mantle-derived magmas, whereas the non-ore-related granite porphyry was generated by the partial melting of a single ancient mature lower crust. The magmas of all the granitoids underwent extensive fractionation–crystallization during the process of rising and emplacement. The sulfur of the analyzed samples from the northern and middle zone of Hutouya deposit (including No. II, III, IV, and VI ore belts) belongs to deep magmatic sulfur, while the sulfur of samples from the southern zone of Hutouya deposit (No. VII ore belt) includes not only deep magmatic sulfur but also a contribution of strata sulfur. All the ore mineral samples in the Hutouya deposit have similar Pb compositions that are consistently derived from a mixed source of upper crust and mantle. Tectonic discrimination diagrams indicate a post-collisional setting for all granitic rocks of the Hutouya skarn deposit, which is therefore considered a product of a the post-collision extensional system and is consistent with other porphyry-skarn deposits within the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt.
Hyperspectral Characteristics of Oil Sand, Part 1: Prediction of Processability and Froth Quality from Measurements of Ore
Authors: Rivard Benoit , Feng Jilu , Russell Derek , Bhushan Vivek , Lipsett Michael
Published: December 2020

This study is the first of two companion papers using hyperspectral data to generate predictive models of oil sand ore and froth characteristics as a potential new means for process control. In Alberta, Canada, shallow oil sands deposits are accessed by surface mining and crushed ore is transported to a processing plant for extraction of bitumen using flotation processes. The ore displays considerable variability in clay, bitumen, and fines which affects their behavior in flotation units. Using oil sand ore spanning a range of bitumen and fines characteristics, flotation experiments were performed to generate froth in a batch extractor to determine ore processability (e.g., separation performance) and froth characteristics (color, bitumen, solids). From hyperspectral observations of ore, models can predict the %bitumen content and %fines (particle passing at 44 and 3.9 µm) of ore but the models with highest r2 (>0.96) predict the solids/bitumen of froth and the processability of ore. Spectral observations collected on ore upstream of the separation vessels could therefore offer a first order assessment of froth quality for an ore blend before the ore enters the plant. These models could also potentially be used to monitor and control the performance of the blending process as another means to control the performance of the flotation process.
A Robust Stochastic Approach to Mineral Hyperspectral Analysis for Geometallurgy
Authors: Egaña Álvaro F. , Santibáñez-Leal Felipe A. , Vidal Christian , Díaz Gonzalo , Liberman Sergio , Ehrenfeld Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Most mining companies have registered important amounts of drill core composite spectra using different acquisition equipment and by following diverse protocols. These companies have used classic spectrography based on the detection of absorption features to perform semi-quantitative mineralogy. This methodology requires ideal laboratory conditions in order to obtain normalized spectra to compare. However, the inherent variability of spectral features—due to environmental conditions and geological context, among others—is unavoidable and needs to be managed. This work presents a novel methodology for geometallurgical sample characterization consisting of a heterogeneous, multi-pixel processing pipeline which addresses the effects of ambient conditions and geological context variability to estimate critical geological and geometallurgical variables. It relies on the assumptions that the acquisition of hyperspectral images is an inherently stochastic process and that ore sample information is deployed in the whole spectrum. The proposed framework is basically composed of: (a) a new hyperspectral image segmentation algorithm, (b) a preserving-information dimensionality reduction scheme and (c) a stochastic hierarchical regression model. A set of experiments considering white reference spectral characterization and geometallurgical variable estimation is presented to show promising results for the proposed approach.
Exposure to Ultrafine Particles in the Ferroalloy Industry Using a Logbook Method
Authors: Jørgensen Rikke Bramming , Kero Ida Teresia , Blom Aleksander , Grove Esten Eide , Svendsen Kristin von Hirsch
Published: December 2020

Background: It is difficult to assess workers’ exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) due to the lack of personal sampling equipment available for this particle fraction. The logbook method has been proposed as a general method for exposure assessment. This method measures the time and concentration components of the time-weighted average concentration separately and could be suitable for investigation of UFP exposure. Objectives: In this study, we have assessed workers’ exposure to UFP in a ferrosilicon plant. The main tasks of the furnace workers were identified, and the logbook method was used in combination with stationary measurements of UFP taken as close to the identified task areas as possible. In order to verify the results, respirable particles were collected using stationary sampling in close proximity to the UFP measuring instrument, and personal full-shift sampling of respirable particles was performed simultaneously. Thus, exposure to respirable particles determined using the logbook method could be compared to the results of standard measurement. Methods: The particle number concentration of ultrafine particles was determined using a NanoScan SMPS. Respirable particle concentration and exposure were determined using a sampling train consisting of a pump, filter, filter cassettes, and SKC Cyclone for the respirable fraction. Attendance times for workers at each work location were registered via thorough observations made by the research team. Results: The logbook method for exposure estimation based on stationary sampling equipment made it possible to calculate UFP exposure for workers operating the furnaces at a ferrosilicon plant. The mid-size furnace and the large furnace were evaluated separately. The workers operating the largest furnace were exposed to 1.47 × 104 particles/cm3, while workers operating the mid-size furnace were exposed to 2.06 × 104 particles/cm3, with a mean of 1.74 × 104 particles/cm3. Substantial contributions from the casting area, ladle transport corridor, and both tapping areas were made. Exposure to respirable particles was 2.04 mg/m3 (logbook); 2.26 mg/m3 (personal sampling) for workers operating the large-sized furnace, 3.24 mg/m3 (logbook); 2.44 mg/m3 (personal sampling) for workers operating the medium-sized furnace, and 2.57 mg/m3 (logbook); 2.53 mg/m3(personal sampling) on average of all tappers. The average ratio of these two methods’ results was 1.02, which indicates that the logbook method could be used as a substitute for personal sampling when it is not possible to perform personal sampling, at least within this industry. Conclusions: The logbook method is a useful supplement for exposure assessment of UFP, able to identify the most polluted areas of the workplace and the contribution of different work tasks to the total exposure of workers, enabling companies to take action to reduce exposure.
Effect of Water and Glycerol in Deoxygenation of Coconut Oil over Bimetallic NiCo/SAPO-11 Nanocatalyst under N2 Atmosphere
Authors: Kaewmeesri Rungnapa , Nonkumwong Jeeranan , Witoon Thongthai , Laosiripojana Navadol , Faungnawakij Kajornsak
Published: December 2020

The catalytic deoxygenation of coconut oil was performed in a continuous-flow reactor over bimetallic NiCo/silicoaluminophosphate-11 (SAPO-11) nanocatalysts for hydrocarbon fuel production. The conversion and product distribution were investigated over NiCo/SAPO-11 with different applied co-reactants, i.e., water (H2O) or glycerol solution, performed under nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. The hydrogen-containing co-reactants were proposed here as in-situ hydrogen sources for the deoxygenation, while the reaction tests under hydrogen (H2) atmosphere were also applied as a reference set of experiments. The results showed that applying co-reactants to the reaction enhanced the oil conversion as the following order: N2 (no co-reactant) < N2 (H2O) < N2 (aqueous glycerol) < H2 (reference). The main products formed under the existence of H2O or glycerol solution were free fatty acids (FFAs) and their corresponding Cn−1 alkanes. The addition of H2O aids the triglyceride breakdown into FFAs, whereas the glycerol acts as hydrogen donor which is favourable to initiate hydrogenolysis of triglycerides, causing higher amount of FFAs than the former case. Consequently, those FFAs can be deoxygenated via decarbonylation/decarboxylation to their corresponding Cn−1 alkanes, showing the promising capability of the NiCo/SAPO-11 to produce hydrocarbon fuels even in the absence of external H2 source.
Factors Associated with Stunting among Children under 5 Years in Five South Asian Countries (2014–2018): Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys
Authors: Wali Nidhi , Agho Kingsley E. , Renzaho Andre M.N.
Published: December 2020

South Asia continues to be the global hub for child undernutrition with 35% of children still stunted in 2017. This paper aimed to identify factors associated with stunting among children aged 0–23 months, 24–59 months, and 0–59 months in South Asia. A weighted sample of 564,518 children aged 0–59 months from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (2014–2018) was combined of five countries in South Asia. Multiple logistic regression analyses that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights were used to examine associated factors. The common factors associated with stunting in three age groups were mothers with no schooling ([adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for 0–23 months = 1.65; 95% CI: (1.29, 2.13)]; [AOR for 24–59 months = AOR = 1.46; 95% CI: (1.27, 1. 69)] and [AOR for 0–59 months = AOR = 1.59; 95% CI: (1.34, 1. 88)]) and maternal short stature (height < 150 cm) ([AOR for 0–23 months = 2.00; 95% CI: (1.51, 2.65)]; [AOR for 24–59 months = 3.63; 95% CI: (2.87, 4.60)] and [AOR for 0–59 months = 2.87; 95% CI: (2.37, 3.48)]). Study findings suggest the need for a balanced and integrated nutrition strategy that incorporates nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions with an increased focus on interventions for children aged 24–59 months.
Experience of Using an Online Pre-Ordering System for A Workplace Canteen That Offers Lower-Energy Swaps: A Think-Aloud Study
Authors: Breathnach Sarah , Llewellyn Clare H. , Koutoukidis Dimitrios A. , van Rugge Christopher R. , Sutherland Alex , Lally Phillippa
Published: December 2020

Online systems that allow employees to pre-order their lunch may help reduce energy intake. We investigated the acceptability of a pre-ordering website for a workplace canteen that prompts customers to swap to lower-energy swaps and the factors influencing swap acceptance. Employees (n = 30) placed a hypothetical lunch order through a pre-ordering website designed for their canteen while thinking aloud. Semi-structured interview questions supported data collection. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Acceptability was generally high, but potentially context dependent. Practical considerations, such as reminders to pre-order, user-friendliness, provision of images of menu items and energy information while browsing, an ability to reserve pre-ordered meals, and a swift collection service facilitated acceptability. The restrictive timeframe within which orders could be placed, a lack of opportunity to see foods before ordering, and prompts to swap being perceived as threatening autonomy were barriers to acceptability. Swap acceptance was facilitated by the provision of physical activity calorie equivalents (PACE) information, and swap similarity in terms of taste, texture, and expected satiety as well as the perception that alternatives provided meaningful energy savings. Online canteen pre-ordering systems that prompt lower-energy swaps may be an acceptable approach to help reduce energy intake in the workplace.
Future Changes in Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Genesis Environment in High-Resolution Large-Ensemble Simulations
Authors: Fudeyasu Hironori , Yoshida Kohei , Yoshida Ryuji
Published: December 2020

This study applied the database for Policy Decision making for Future climate change (d4PDF) and tropical cyclone (TC) genesis (TCG) environment factors to project future changes in the frequency and characteristics of TCs over the western North Pacific. We examined current and future TCG environmental conditions in terms of the contribution of five factors: shear line (SL), confluence region (CR), monsoon gyre, easterly wave (EW), and Rossby wave energy dispersion from a preexisting TC (PTC). Among summer and autumn TCs, the contributions of SL and EW to future TCG increased by about 4% and 1%, respectively, whereas those of CR and PTC decreased by the same amounts. In future climate projections, the average lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) of TCs associated with EW (EW-TCs) was significantly higher than those of TCs associated with other factors except PTC. At higher sea surface temperatures and wetter conditions, higher lower-tropospheric relative vorticity was related to increases in the development rate of EW-TCs. Findings of this study suggest that increases in the average LMI of all future TCs were caused by large contributions from the average LMI of future EW-TCs.
A Presentation of Central Communication Aspects in the Patient–Provider Relationship—Potential Learnings for Community Pharmacists
Authors: Jowkar Nima , Fjeldsø Nina , Nørgaard Lotte Stig , Sporrong Sofia Kälvemark , Jacobsen Ramune , Kaae Susanne
Published: December 2020

Several studies have shown that communication between patients and HCPs is still not optimal in integrating patients’ perspectives on how best to manage their diseases and their medication. One such area where encounters between patients and professionals still needs to develop to better incorporate the patient’s perspective is pharmacy practice. The aim of this study was therefore to explore and present new typologies and communication aspects of HCP-patient relationships since a comprehensive literature search in 1997 conducted by Sondell and Söderfeldt, and relate the findings to pharmacy practice. In total, 11 articles were identified by applying the techniques of a purposeful literature search. The articles covered aspects of: shifting and adapting roles during the encounter, techniques to ensure individualizing in the encounter, avoiding inappropriate routines, coping with internet-informed patients, achieving mutual goals, dealing with uncertainty including avoiding rigid preconceptions, using social conversation, incorporating patients’ prior experiences, aligning language, adapting greetings and exploring the cultures and communication patterns of patients from other ethnic backgrounds. The variety of these communication aspects points to the immense complexity of communication as a practice discipline. This article has presented some of the literature that pharmacists can consult, in the endeavor of improving their communication practices.
Evaluation of Direct Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Potato Peels
Authors: Wang Shusheng , Lin Amy Hui-Mei , Han Qingyou , Xu Qin
Published: December 2020

Potato peels (PPs) are generally considered as agriculture waste. The United States alone generates over one million tons of PPs a year. However, PPs contain valuable phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques in recovering antioxidants from PPs. These techniques included a direct ultrasound-assisted extraction (DUAE), an indirect ultrasound-assisted extraction (IUAE), and a conventional shaking extraction (CSE). Results of this study showed that DUAE was more effective in extracting phenolic compounds than IUAE and CSE. We also evaluated the factors affecting the yield of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in DUAE, including the temperature, time, acoustic power, ratio of solvent to solids, and size of PPs particles. TPC yield of DUAE was higher, and the extraction rate was faster than IUAE and CSE. Furthermore, TPC yield was strongly correlated to the temperature of the mixture of PPs suspension. SEM images revealed that the irradiation of ultrasound energy from DUAE caused micro-fractures and the opening of PPs cells. The extract obtained from DUAE was found to have antioxidant activity comparable to commercial synthetic antioxidants. Results of this preliminary study suggest that DUAE has the potential to transform PPs from agricultural waste to a valuable ingredient. A future systematic research study is proposed to advance the knowledge of the impact of processing parameters in the kinetics of phenolic compounds extraction from potato peels using various extraction methods.
Geometric Accuracy Assessment of Deimos-2 Panchromatic Stereo Pairs: Sensor Orientation and Digital Surface Model Production
Authors: Aguilar Manuel A. , Jiménez-Lao Rafael , Nemmaoui Abderrahim , Aguilar Fernando J.
Published: December 2020

Accurate elevation data, which can be extracted from very high-resolution (VHR) satellite images, are vital for many engineering and land planning applications. In this way, the main goal of this work is to evaluate the capabilities of VHR Deimos-2 panchromatic stereo pairs to obtain digital surface models (DSM) over different land covers (bare soil, urban and agricultural greenhouse areas). As a step prior to extracting the DSM, different orientation models based on refined rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) and a variable number of very accurate ground control points (GCPs) were tested. The best sensor orientation model for Deimos-2 L1B satellite images was the RPC model refined by a first-order polynomial adjustment (RPC1) supported on 12 accurate and evenly spatially distributed GCPs. Regarding the Deimos-2 based DSM, its completeness and vertical accuracy were compared with those obtained from a WorldView-2 panchromatic stereo pair by using exactly the same methodology and semiglobal matching (SGM) algorithm. The Deimos-2 showed worse completeness values (about 6% worse) and vertical accuracy results (RMSEZ 42.4% worse) than those computed from WorldView-2 imagery over the three land covers tested, although only urban areas yielded statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).
Evaluation of High-Temperature Hydrogen Sensors Based on BaCe0.6Zr0.3Y0.1O3-α and Sr(Ce0.9Zr0.1)0.95Yb0.05O3-α Perovskites for Industrial Applications
Authors: Hinojo Antonio , Soriano Iván , Abellà Jordi , Colominas Sergi
Published: December 2020

In many industrial fields, there is a need to design and characterize on-line and on-board hydrogen monitoring tools able to operate under extreme conditions. One of these applications is in future nuclear fusion reactors, which will use hydrogen isotopes as a plasma fuel. In this context, the measurement of the concentration of these hydrogen isotopes will be of interest to ensure the correct operating conditions for such reactors. Hydrogen sensors based on solid-state electrolytes will be the first step in the development of new analytical tools able to quantify deuterium and tritium in aggressive environments. In the present work, amperometric hydrogen sensors were constructed and evaluated using two solid-state electrolytes, BaCe0.6Zr0.3Y0.1O3-α and Sr(Ce0.9Zr0.1)0.95Yb0.05O3-α. Prototype sensors were built in order to study their sensitivity in on-line measurements. The experiments were performed in a reactor with a hydrogen-controlled environment. The sensors were evaluated at 500 and 600 °C in amperometric mode by applying 2 and 4 V voltages between electrodes. Both sensors showed increases in sensitivity when the temperature or voltage were increased.
Promoting Arabic Literacy in Primary Schools in the United Arab Emirates through the Emirati Dialect
Authors: Ribeiro Daquila Jean Pierre
Published: December 2020

Globalization has had an impact on the education system in the UAE, where the increased use of bilingual curriculum (Arabic-English) is held in high regard. Nevertheless, literacy in Arabic among Emirati children and teenagers remains low. This study uses a 15-item, open-ended questionnaire completed by Emirati parents and an eight-item, open-ended questionnaire completed by Emirati primary school children from 8 to 11 years of age to compare the translations of The Little Prince into Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and into the Emirati dialect. The results suggest that not only the Emirati dialect, but any Arabic dialect (in its respective Arab country) could be used in primary schools to motivate children to read in Arabic and bridge the gap between their spoken language (dialect) and formal written Arabic. Not only must an Arab child learn how to read, but also, they have to understand a very formal language system that they are not used to speaking at home, i.e., Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Having books in their own dialects may make children more interested in reading, as they can understand them more easily.
Solid-Phase Microextraction Arrow for the Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in Milk Samples
Authors: Manousi Natalia , Rosenberg Erwin , Zachariadis George A.
Published: December 2020

A novel sample preparation method based on the use of the Arrow solid-phase microextraction device was used to extract and preconcentrate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from milk samples prior to their determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The experimental parameters of the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow method were evaluated in terms of fiber type, sample volume, extraction temperature, extraction time, stirring rate and salt addition. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the SPME Arrow was compared with conventional SPME fibers to evaluate the effectiveness of the SPME Arrow method. Evaluation of the conventional SPME procedure was also performed under optimized conditions, for appropriate method comparison. Due to the larger sorption phase volume of SPME Arrow, a higher sensitivity and reproducibility were observed for the determined chromatographic peaks in comparison with conventional SPME fibers. The use of Carbon wide range (WR) SPME Arrow/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) SPME Arrow fibers leads to a compound-dependent improvement of a factor of 4–5x over the classical SPME setup. Moreover, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the total volatiles for a conventional SPME procedure was 12.5%, while for SPME Arrow it was 6.2%. Finally, the novel method was successfully employed for the analysis of commercially available milk samples. The findings of this study indicate that SPME Arrow can be effectively used for the determination of volatile organic compounds in complex food matrixes.
Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Public Policies on the Sustainable Development Goals through Budget Allocation and Indicators
Authors: Sisto Raffaele , García López Javier , Quintanilla Alberto , de Juanes Álvaro , Mendoza Dalia , Lumbreras Julio , Mataix Carlos
Published: December 2020

Measuring the advances performed in the 2030 Agenda and the contribution of public policies remains a key issue. Budgets are acknowledged as one of the most powerful tools made available to administrations to push forward this contribution, and so several initiatives have risen to align budget items and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performance at all levels. The aim of this paper is to go beyond simple alignment and statistically analyze the interlinkages between budget and SDG achievement data. We have used the Spanish local administrations budget, together with indicators used to measure the 2030 Agenda goals at the same level, and computed a correlation test in order to find where budget allocation has an impact. We have then looked further into the relevant impacts to split them into direct and indirect. The research found ca. 25% of the budget items with relevant statistical links to the SDGs, with the SDGs 11 and 15 being the least impacted and SDGs 1, 4, 7, 8 and 16 the most connected ones. This research aims to set the bases of an evidence-based decision-support tool for a more efficient and sustainable policy design.
Harnessing Corporate Sustainability Decision-Making Complexity: A Field Study of Complementary Approaches
Authors: Kafa Nadine , Jaegler Anicia , Sarkis Joseph
Published: December 2020

Supply chain management environmental and social criteria are practical and research concerns due to regulatory, stakeholder, and economic pressures. Effective holistic sustainable supply management schemes require the evaluation and selection of suppliers. Supplier evaluation requires the balancing of multiple criteria. Multiple criteria tools, each with advantages and limitations, are necessary for the supplier evaluation and selection problem. This paper introduces a new methodological approach including complementary, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) techniques and Bayesian networks (BN). The combination of DEMATEL, AHP and Bayesian approaches, although they are supportive and complementary methods, has seen limited investigation. The Bayesian network approach can complement DEMATEL and AHP to help improve the accuracy of AHP input data. Alternatively, DEMATEL and AHP can provide expert and more objective inputs for intangible factors, used in the Bayesian network approach. The validity and efficacy of this approach is demonstrated through a real industrial case using decision-makers’ inputs and outputs. The study shows the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, we present results with managerial and research implications and future research directions.
Building an Island of Sustainability in a Sea of Unsustainability? A Study of Two Ecovillages
Authors: Temesgen Amsale K.
Published: December 2020

Ecovillages aim to foster community around sustainable practices and encourage low-impact lifestyles. This article explores the strategies employed by two ecovillages to scale up their practices through physical expansion and the consequence for the maintenance of said practices. The ecovillages under study are Hurdal in Norway and Findhorn in Scotland. The study employed a multi-method approach: document study, participant observation, and interviews with ecovillage residents. The ecovillages applied different strategies to gain access to economic resources for expansion. Hurdal ecovillage sold its land to a private developer while Findhorn chose a different path: raising funds within the community, accessing public funds, and adopting low-cost building designs. The study finds that collaborating with investors and developers results in expensive housing that excludes low-income individuals and attracts well-off house buyers with mainstream values. Both ecovillages dropped introductory courses that aimed to equip new members with the necessary skills for shared practices and establish a common ground. These two consequences led to a weakening of competences for shared practices as private property took precedence. Prioritizing affordable infrastructure and accessing local (community and public) financial resources opens up paths for expansion that can maintain the necessary skills and meaning for community living.
Modeling Cylindrical Inhomogeneity of Finite Length with Steigmann–Ogden Interface
Authors: Nazarenko Lidiia , Stolarski Henryk , Altenbach Holm
Published: December 2020

A mathematical model employing the concept of energy-equivalent inhomogeneity is applied to analyze short cylindrical fiber composites with interfaces described by the Steigmann–Ogden material surface model. Real inhomogeneity consists of a cylindrical fiber of finite length, and its surface possessing different properties is replaced by a homogeneous, energy-equivalent cylinder. The properties of the energy-equivalent fiber, incorporating properties of the original fiber and its interface, are determined on the basis of Hill’s energy equivalence principle. Closed-form expressions for components of the stiffness tensor of equivalent fiber have been developed and, in the limit, shown to compare well with the results available in the literature for infinite fibers with the Steigmann–Ogden interface model. Dependence of those components on the radius, length of the cylindrical fiber, and surface parameters is included in these expressions. The effective stiffness tensor of the short-fiber composites with so-defined equivalent cylindrical fibers can be determined by any homogenization method developed without accounting for interface.
Motorcycle Structural Fatigue Monitoring Using Smart Wheels
Authors: Ballo Federico , Comolli Francesco , Gobbi Massimiliano , Mastinu Giampiero
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the measurement and to the processing of load spectra of forces and moments acting at the wheel hub of a motorcycle. Smart wheels (SWs) have been specifically developed for the scope. Throughout the paper, the extreme case of a race motorcycle is considered. Accurate load spectra were measured in two race circuits. Standardized load spectra are derived by processing measured data. A way to easily generalize the measured load spectra is proposed for the first time for motorcycles. Several loading conditions, related to the motorcycle straight line motion, cornering, curb hit and gear shift, are identified and extracted from the experimental measures. For each loading condition, by means of simple semi-analytical models (SAMs), a relationship is found between the vertical force on the wheel, the tilt angle of the motorcycle and the remaining forces and moments acting at the wheel hub. Such relationships are nothing else than the standardized load spectra. Additionally, a simple and efficient method based on smart wheels for real-time structural monitoring is proposed. Standardized load spectra prove to provide consistent results even when compared to real-time structural monitoring data. By means of the presented smart wheels, advanced lightweight motorcycle construction is enabled by derivation of standardized load spectra or real time estimation of the damage of structural components.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentration Thresholds toward Establishing Water Quality Criteria for Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Clune John W. , Crawford J. Kent , Boyer Elizabeth W.
Published: December 2020

Nutrient enrichment is currently a leading cause of impairment to streams in Pennsylvania. Evaluating the water quality condition and eutrophic status of streams and rivers is a challenge without established thresholds for nutrient concentrations, which can vary depending on climate and landscape characteristics. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has published nutrient criteria for nutrient ecoregions nationwide that are used as regional baseline values; and has encouraged states to develop more refined values if better data are available. In this study, we quantified long-term nutrient concentrations observed in streams and rivers across Pennsylvania using a robust water quality dataset compiled from monitoring data collected over the past two decades (2000–2019) by multiple agencies. We estimated nutrient criteria concentration thresholds for each ecoregion using USEPA’s percentile approach. The 25th percentile median concentrations observed in streams and rivers ranged from 0.27 to 2.30 mg/L for total nitrogen (TN), and from 0.010 to 0.053 mg/L for total phosphorus (TP). The percent of sites with available data that exceeded the 25th percentile was 53% for TN and 60% for TP, reflecting longstanding problems with nutrient pollution of rivers and streams in Pennsylvania. The 25th percentile may overestimate background condition levels, as nutrient conditions vary substantially within and among ecoregions. We compared our contemporary concentrations at the threshold values to other published recommended criteria for the region and explored the influence of landscape heterogeneity and seasonality on nutrient concentrations. The spatial and temporal variability of nutrient conditions emphasizes the importance of using percentile analysis as only a guide toward more robust response-based methods, rather than as a method for setting nutrient criteria in Pennsylvania. Our results provide environmental managers with new insights regarding the status of nutrient conditions in streams and rivers across Pennsylvania ecoregions toward further developing numeric nutrient criteria.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Small-Sided Games on the Repeated Sprint Ability in Soccer
Authors: Morera-Siercovich Pier , Moncada-Jiménez José
Published: December 2020

To determine the effect of small-sided games (SSG) on the repeated sprint ability (RSA) in male soccer players. A meta-analysis was conducted in which studies were selected from the electronic databases Medline, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Results: Six studies were included and 44 effect sizes (ES) were computed from 116 men (age = 18.0 ± 2.8 yr., height = 175.8 ± 3.3 cm, weight = 68.6 ± 5.6 kg, body mass index [BMI] = 22.3 ± 1.1 kgm2, VO2max = 56.9 ± 2.1 mlkg-1min-1). The SSG training improved the overall RSA performance (ES = -.54, 95%CI = -.89, -.20, p < .05), reduced RSA total time (ES = -.41, 95%CI = -.81, -.01, p < .05), and fatigue index (ES = -.83, 95%CI = -1.65, -.02, p < 0.05). Moderator analysis showed that the fatigue index is impaired when several sessions/week are performed (β = .69, 95%CI = .29, 1.10, R2 = 82.9, p = .001) and is enhanced when the duration of the intervention is extended over several weeks (β = -.25, 95%CI = -.47, -.03, R2 = 56.6, p = .05). The methodological use of SSG enhances the capacity of repeated sprints, while technical and tactical elements are worked concomitantly.
A poesia do luto através da imagem: uma visita aos campos da memória
Authors: Lachman da Cruz Mônica
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórico-prática sobre a fotografia autoral no contexto da memória afetiva paterna, partindo do pensamento em torno da ressignificação do luto pós-morte, através de processos artísticos que envolvem objetos relacionados a essa figura familiar. A pesquisa teórica sobre a memória afetiva partirá especialmente da autora Carolina Junqueira dos Santos, numa pesquisa de sua tese de doutorado e a questão da memória fotográfica contará com Georges Didi-Hubberman, Roland Barthes e Glenda Cuman. Sobre a metodologia de progressos e os procedimentos no fazer artístico, influências como Sandra Rey, Rosana Paulino e Cecília Almeida Salles. O processo de criação do trabalho ocorreu inicialmente através de insights, escritos, desenhos em esboços. Foi realizado no contexto do espaço familiar, com o uso de iluminação natural e posterior manipulação digital para tratamento de cor, recorte e montagem da série em unidade, dípticos, trípticos e quadrípticos. Deste modo, a intenção dessa figuração imagética pretende atentar para uma relação objeto – corpo – memória e as relações que estas unidades ou conjuntos de fotografias fazem com a ideia de ausência versus sobrevivência dos traços, pauta principal do artigo.
Covid-19 Pandemisi ve Ulus Devletler: Küreselleşmenin Sonu Mu?
Authors: YEŞİLYURT Yaşar
Published: December 2020

Ulus devletin doğuşu devletleri, sınırları belirli bir toprak parçası üzerinde ve merkezi bir iktidarın gücü ile diğer devletlerden belirgin bir şekilde birbirinden izole olmuş devletlerin ortaya çıkmasını sağladı. Küreselleşme ise ulus devletin bu izolasyonuna ekonomik, siyasi ve toplumsal anlamda sınırları aşan gerçekliği ile mesafeyi ortadan kaldıran bir olgu olarak 1980’lerden sonra güçlü bir şekilde kendini hissettirmeye başladı. Tam ulus devlet bitti yok oluyor ya da bölgesel ulus devletlere evrilecek gibi tartışmaların olduğu bir yüzyılda Covid-19 pandemisi buna ciddi bir darbe vurmuş oldu ve hem devletleri hem de insanları izolasyona hapsetti. Sınırların kontrolünün ve dolayısıyla ulus devlet yapısının ne kadar önemli olduğu bu salgın ile bariz bir şekilde anlaşıldı. Covid-19 salgının başlamasına kadar küreselleşmenin iyi olduğu yönündeki varsayımlarımızı sorgulayan birçok kriz dönemleri oldu. 1997-98 Asya krizi 2008 krizi gibi. Ancak Covid-19 salgını küreselleşmenin kaçınılmaz yürüyüşünün tersine çevrilemeyeceğini savunanlar açısından bile bir hayal kırıklığı yaşatmışa benziyor. Çünkü bu salgınla birlikte ulus devlet Westfalyan biçimiyle geri dönmese bile güçlü bir şekilde geri dönüyor. Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 pandemisi ile birlikte ulus devletler ve küreselleşme ilişkisinin nasıl bir seyir izleyeceğinin analizini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada literatür taramasına dayalı nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Nivel de actividad física en el adulto mayor en Microred José Leonardo Ortiz, 2019
Authors: Peralta Guerrero Liseth Anali , Zevallos Cotrina Anita del Rosario
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de actividad física en los adultos mayores que asisten al programa del adulto mayor de los establecimientos de salud de la Microred José Leonardo Ortiz, 2019. Metodología: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, participaron 178 adultos mayores; distribuidos por muestreo estratificado en los seis establecimientos de salud de la Microred, los participantes fueron elegidos por muestreo por conveniencia. Se aplicó el cuestionario, sometido a prueba piloto con confiabilidad aceptable de 0,692 según Alpha de Cronbach. Este cuestionario evalúa la actividad física: doméstica, transporte y tiempo libre. Resultados principales: indican que: 56.7% realizaron alto nivel de actividad física; con respecto a las actividades domésticas más del 50% manifestaron realizar trabajos livianos, pesados y preparar su comida; con relación al desplazamiento el 61,2% usan transporte público y 60,7% realizan caminata; y 50.6 % realizan actividades de tiempo libre; y las actividades físicas menos realizadas fueron, no participar de paseos y no manejar bicicleta. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores realizan alto nivel de actividad física, y siempre están realizando actividades domésticas, usan transporte público y realizan actividades recreación en el tiempo libre. Es prioritario tener profesionales especializados para la atención integral del adulto mayor y trabajar a nivel multisectorial y familiar para impulsar los programas de actividad física en esta edad.
Cuidado de enfermería en la prevención de úlceras por presión en adultos mayores del servicio de medicina interna de un hospital local, Chiclayo 2019
Authors: Cienfuegos Da Silva Karen Paola , Saavedra Covarrubia Mirian Elena
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Describir y analizar los cuidados de enfermería en la prevención de úlceras por presión en adultos mayores del servicio de medicina interna de un hospital local. Método: Investigación cualitativa con abordaje metodológico estudio de caso. Los sujetos de estudio estuvieron conformados por 24 participantes (12 profesionales de enfermería y 12 familiares cuidadores de los pacientes adultos mayores), los que cumplieron criterios de selección; el tamaño de la muestra fue determinada por criterios de saturación y redundancia, el muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Para la obtención de datos se aplicó la entrevista semiestructurada, elaborada por la investigadora y validada por un juicio de expertos, teniendo en cuenta criterios de rigor científico y principios éticos. Resultados principales: Se obtuvieron tres categorías: A) Cuidados preventivos de úlceras por presión: cambios de posiciones, cuidados de la piel, masajes, medidas de apoyo B) Educación al familiar cuidador para su colaboración en la prevención de úlceras por presión C) Reutilización de insumos ante las limitaciones para la prevención de úlceras por presión. Conclusión general: El profesional de enfermería reconoce la importancia sobre las medidas de prevención y la ejecución de estas, ya que son las únicas herramientas del personal para evitar la aparición de ulceras por presión. Considerar el trabajo en equipo con el personal técnico y el familiar cuidador, quienes realizan cambios de posición, masajes, y medidas de apoyo, nos hace referencia a la carencia de herramientas que son necesarias en un determinado servicio y por consiguiente indispensables para brindar un cuidado de calidad.
La responsabilidad social de la empresa estatal en el ejercicio pleno de los derechos de los trabajadores en la empresa estatal en Cuba
Authors: Batista Torres Jennifer , Soto Alemán Lien
Published: December 2020

El proceso de reformas económicas emprendido en Cuba en los últimos años tiene en la empresa estatal un epicentro clave. Los documentos políticos declaran que la empresa estatal socialista es el eslabón fundamental de la economía, y se complementa en su gestión con el resto de los sujetos económicos. Alrededor de todo esto se encuentran como eslabón esencial los trabajadores, recursos humanos indispensables para llevar a cabo dicho proceso. El presente trabajo pretende un acercamiento a la perspectiva laboral de la responsabilidad social de la empresa desde espacios estatales cubanos, y el impacto que tiene la misma en el ejercicio pleno de los derechos de los trabajadores que son reconocidos por el ordenamiento jurídico cubano. De esta manera, se demostrará cómo la responsabilidad social de la empresa se puede convertir en una herramienta al servicio de los trabajadores en pos de la construcción de la sociedad socialista próspera y sostenible a la que aspira Cuba hoy.