bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The advantages of physical exercise as a preventive strategy against NAFLD in postmenopausal women
Authors: Molina‐Molina Emilio , Furtado Guilherme Eustaquio. , Jones John G. , Portincasa Piero , Vieira‐Pedrosa Ana , Teixeira Ana Maria , Barros Marcelo Paes , Bachi André Luís Lacerda , Sardão Vilma A.
Published: December 2021

Background

The prevalence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increase in women after menopause. This narrative review discusses the causes and consequences of NAFLD in postmenopausal women and describes how physical activity can contribute to its prevention.

Methods

The authors followed the narrative review method to perform a critical and objective analysis of the current knowledge on the topic. The Medical Subject Heading keywords ‘physical exercise’, ‘menopause’, ‘hormone replacement therapy’, ‘estradiol’ and ‘NAFLD’ were used to establish a conceptual framework. The databases used to collect relevant references included Medline and specialized high‐impact journals.

Results

Higher visceral adiposity, higher rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue after oestrogen drop and changes in the expression of housekeeping proteins involved in hepatic lipid management are observed in women after menopause, contributing to NAFLD. Excessive liver steatosis leads to hepatic insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, accelerating NAFLD progression. Physical activity brings beneficial effects against several postmenopausal‐associated complications, including NAFLD progression. Aerobic and resistance exercises partially counteract alterations induced by metabolic syndrome in sedentary postmenopausal women, impacting NAFLD progression and severity.

Conclusions

With the increased global obesity epidemic in developing countries, NAFLD is becoming a severe problem with increased prevalence in women after menopause. Evidence shows that physical activity may delay NAFLD development and severity in postmenopausal women, although the prescription of age‐appropriate physical activity programmes is advisable to assure the health benefits.
Microstructural changes in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies compared to normal ageing: Multiparametric quantitative MRI evidences
Authors: Chabran Eléna , Mondino Mary , Noblet Vincent , Degiorgis Laetitia , Loureiro de Sousa Paulo , Blanc Frédéric
Published: December 2021

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients show few significant macroscopic structural changes, especially at the early stages of the disease, making quantitative MRI especially interesting to explore more subtle changes that are not detectable by conventional volumetric techniques. Microstructural alterations have been reported in DLB at the dementia stage, but no study to date was conducted in prodromal patients. Here, quantitative MRI data were collected from 46 DLB prodromal patients and 20 healthy elderly subjects, who also underwent a detailed clinical examination including the Mayo Clinic Fluctuation Scale. We conducted voxel‐wise between‐group comparisons in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and in R2* mapping, along with a multivariate analysis combining the two modalities. We highlighted multiple grey matter and white matter microstructural changes in DLB patients at the prodromal stage, compared to control subjects. Our multivariate analysis identified three distinct regional patterns of DTI and R2* changes (anterior, anteromedial, posterior) in DLB patients, that could reflect different neuropathological processes across brain regions. We also observed an association between R2* alterations in the thalamus, and the severity of fluctuations, in the DLB group. These preliminary findings are promising and require future investigations to better understand the biological underpinnings of microstructural alterations.
An ensemble artificial intelligence‐enabled MIoT for automated diagnosis of malaria parasite
Authors: Nayak Soumya Ranjan , Nayak Janmenjoy , Vimal S. , Arora Vaibhav , Sinha Utkarsh
Published: December 2021

Rapid advancements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and artificial intelligence (AI) applications permeating to all spheres of life, including medical prognosis, have led modern clinical systems to tread the path of advanced Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) by infusing advanced learning technologies, particularly deep learning. Automated diagnosis of malarial infection using AI‐enabled IoMT holds the promise of sustainable prognosis by reducing diagnosis error significantly with improved recognition accuracy. Existing automated diagnostic systems usually employ classical deep learning models wherein setting parameter values such as automatic learning rate selection, weight management etc. are a major concern. To address these issues, this paper proposes a collaborative ensemble AI‐enabled IoMT automated diagnosis model to classify malaria parasitized from microscopic images. The proposed model consists of two main stages. In the first stage, a Snapshot ensemble learning model is conjured upon by a combination of three distinct layers of Convolutional, Batch Normalization, and Relu networks; that alters the learning rate aggressively during training phase thus providing different network weights that gives multiple models by training a single model. In the second stage, an ensemble of three transfer learning models is constructed, and finally the average ensemble result is obtained. The learning rates at both these stages are empirically selected through Cosine Annealing. Experiment on the malaria parasite image dataset demonstrates the superiority of the proposed model with respect to a baseline algorithm.
Exploring the connection between language use and oral performance during study abroad: Results from the Daily Language Questionnaire 2
Authors: García‐Amaya Lorenzo
Published: December 2021

Many second language (L2) learners participate in study abroad (SA) experiences believing their choice will be synonymous with increased interaction in the L2, from which enhanced linguistic gains will ensue. Nonetheless, one open question is whether SA participants actually engage in sustained L2 interaction while they are abroad. This paper reports the results of a longitudinal study in which 31 SA participants (L1 = English; L2 = Spanish) completed the Daily Language Questionnaire 2 (DLQ 2), an online questionnaire designed in Qualtrics, every day during their 6‐week SA experience in Spain. We show that (i) learners reported substantially less L2 use at the end than at the start of the SA and (ii) learners reported substantially less L2 use on “no‐class” days compared to class days. We additionally tested correlations between the self‐reported values of L2 use and the learners' L2 oral abilities. We found moderate positive correlations between L2 usage (per the DLQ 2) and initial‐ability scores (per the Elicited Imitation Task); these findings are contextualized within theories of L2 interaction. Finally, we use the data of the present study to offer recommendations for administrators and instructors looking to refine the experience offered to SA participants.
Assessing the U‐Pb, Sm‐Nd and Sr‐Sr Isotopic Compositions of the Sumé Apatite as a Reference Material for LA‐ICP‐MS Analysis
Authors: Lana Cristiano , Gonçalves Guilherme O. , Mazoz Ariela , Buick Ian , Kamo Sandra , Scholz Ricardo , Wang Hao , Moreira Hugo , Babinski Marly , Queiroga Glaucia
Published: December 2021

This study has determined the trace element and the U‐Pb, Sm‐Nd and Sr‐Sr isotope composition of the Sumé apatite (from NE Brazil) to assess its suitability as a primary/secondary reference material for LA‐ICP‐MS. Reproducibility tests demonstrate that one batch (~ 100 g) of the Sumé apatite (Sumé‐570) is uniform in terms of Nd‐Nd and U‐Pb isotope compositions. Bulk isotope dilution TIMS/ICP‐MS and LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analyses confirm that the apatite is well suited for use as quality control material for Nd isotopes and U‐Pb geochronology. U‐Pb ID‐TIMS analyses yield weighted mean ratios of 0.09211 ± 0.00053 (2s; 206Pb*/238U) and 0.06120 ± 0.00063 (2s; 207Pb*/206Pb*) and a weighted mean 206Pb*/238U date of 568 ± 3 Ma (95% c.l.). U‐Pb LA‐(SF/MC)‐ICP‐MS runs using Sumé‐570 as a primary RM and reproduces the dates of other established RMs within 1% deviation (except for Durango 2–4%). Major and trace element abundances show that Sumé‐570 is a fluorapatite derived from a syenitic source. It also strongly shows LREE‐enriched chondrite‐normalised REE patterns with significant negative Eu anomalies, due to crystallisation of plagioclase in the residue.
Capturing learning from public involvement with people experiencing homelessness to help shape new physiotherapy research: Utilizing a reflective model with an under‐served, vulnerable population
Authors: Dawes Jo , Barron Duncan S. , Lee Laurence E.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have poorer health than housed people but face barriers accessing care and being involved in research. As an often‐ignored group, their contribution to help shape research that is for and about them is essential, as it can strengthen the research proposal, in turn facilitating research and outcomes that are relevant to this vulnerable group.

Methods

Six people with experience of homelessness attended a PPI consultation aided by Pathway, a UK homeless peer advocacy charity, which coordinates an ‘Experts by Experience’ group. We present reflections on conducting PPI with PEH that informed the development of a physiotherapy research proposal. Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle guided reflections across four stages: (1) describing the PPI experience; (2) reviewing and reflecting on the PPI experience; (3) learning from the PPI experience; and (4) planning and trying out learning.

Results

Reflections highlighted the importance of: working closely with an advocacy organisation and leader to reach under‐served people; the diversity of experiences; using familiar venues, contingency and budget planning; flexibility and ‘allowing time; talking less; listening more’; planning for early and ongoing PPI, and the potential of mobile ‘one‐off’ PPI outreach models to reach vulnerable groups.

Conclusion

Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle aided team reflection on feedback from PEH, which helped refine and strengthen a physiotherapy research proposal. The project was unfunded. However, a reflective model helped maximize learning and impact including for future PPI and research. The novel application of Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle provided structure, facilitated reflection and enhanced individual and collective learning and may benefit capturing learning from PPI with other vulnerable populations.

Patient or Public Contribution

We highlight how a PPI consultation with people with experience of homelessness helped shape a funding proposal. Additionally, the reflections of the experts by experience team leader are included.
The association between hepatitis B virus infection and nonliver malignancies in persons living with HIV: results from the EuroSIDA study
Authors: Mocroft Amanda , Miro Jose M. , Wandeler Gilles , Llibre Josep M. , Boyd Anders , van Bremen Kathrin , Beniowski Marek , Mikhalik Julia , Cavassini Matthias , Maltez Fernando , Duvivier Claudine , Uberti Foppa Caterina , Knysz Brygida , Bakowska Elzbieta , Kuzovatova Elena , Domingo Pere , Zagalo Alexandra , Viard Jean‐Paul , Degen Olaf , Milinkovic Ana , Benfield Thomas , Peters Lars ,   the EuroSIDA study group
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on non‐liver malignancies in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods

All persons aged ≥ 18 years with known hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) status after the latest of 1 January 2001 and enrolment in the EuroSIDA cohort (baseline) were included in the study; persons were categorized as HBV positive or negative using the latest HBsAg test and followed to their first diagnosis of nonliver malignancy or their last visit.

Results

Of 17 485 PLWH included in the study, 1269 (7.2%) were HBV positive at baseline. During 151 766 person‐years of follow‐up (PYFU), there were 1298 nonliver malignancies, 1199 in those currently HBV negative [incidence rate (IR) 8.42/1000 PYFU; 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.94–8.90/1000 PYFU] and 99 in those HBV positive (IR 10.54/1000 PYFU; 95% CI 8.47–12.62/1000 PYFU). After adjustment for baseline confounders, there was a significantly increased incidence of nonliver malignancies in HBV‐positive versus HBV‐negative individuals [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.23; 95% CI 1.00–1.51]. Compared to HBV‐negative individuals, HBsAg‐positive/HBV‐DNA‐positive individuals had significantly increased incidences of nonliver malignancies (aIRR 1.37; 95% CI 1.00–1.89) and NHL (aIRR 2.57; 95% CI 1.16–5.68). There was no significant association between HBV and lung or anal cancer.

Conclusions

We found increased rates of nonliver malignancies in HBsAg‐positive participants, the increases being most pronounced in those who were HBV DNA positive and for NHL. If confirmed, these results may have implications for increased cancer screening in HIV‐positive subjects with chronic HBV infection.
Observational learning: Influence of regulatory focus, knowledge, and summarized observable recommendations on consumer decision outcomes in an online environment
Authors: Patil Ashutosh , Malhotra Naresh K. , Maity Moutusy
Published: December 2021

When consumers have access to a large number of reviews for a product on multiple e‐tailer websites, they may rely mainly on aggregated summaries of online reviews (SORs) (e.g., percentage of reviewers recommending a product) instead of on textual content of individual reviews. The SOR type may be “High” (when a majority of reviewers recommend a product on multiple merchant websites), “Low” (when only a minority of reviewers recommend a product on multiple merchant websites), or “Mixed” (when a majority and a minority of reviewers recommend the same product across different websites). Consumers’ prior product knowledge and regulatory focus moderate the impact of SOR type on consumer decision outcomes. Across three studies (representing low, moderate, and high levels of consumer knowledge), we find that negativity bias holds across both promotion and prevention foci in the Low‐SOR condition. In the High‐SOR condition, the level of prior knowledge moderates the relationship between SOR and purchase intention. Mixed‐SOR has no effect. We also propose and find support for a framework for SORs by extending Banduraʼs observational learning theory. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and managerial implications.
Generation of a single‐tube quality control material for hemoglobin and DNA analyses of hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Pansuwan Anupong , Changtrakul Duangrudee , Chaibunruang Attawut , Yamsri Supawadee , Sanchaisuriya Kanokwan , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Fucharoen Supan
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Hemoglobinopathies are major public health problems worldwide. Accurate laboratory diagnosis of the carrier is essential, which includes initial screening, Hb analysis, and DNA analysis. For the first time, we have developed a single‐tube quality control (QC) sample for these laboratory tests.

Methods

The QC sample was made from a lyophilized mixture of the stabilized hemolysate with carbon monoxide saturation and the white blood cells of known thalassemia mutations. Homogeneity and stability were examined by Hb and DNA analyses on day 0 and every month for 12 months, at room temperature, 4°C, and −20°C. A preliminary proficiency testing (PT) program for hemoglobinopathies using this single QC material was developed.

Results

Hemoglobin (Hb) and DNA analyses of a single‐tube QC sample demonstrated satisfactory results of Hb analysis for at least five months and DNA analysis for at least one year of storage at −20°C. The results obtained from a preliminary PT program on five expert laboratories confirmed that a single tube QC sample prepared could be used as a PT item with various Hb and DNA analyses methods.

Conclusion

A single lyophilized control sample has been generated for use in hemoglobinopathies’ internal and external quality control program. Unlike other available control materials, which are used for individual testing, a single‐tube QC sample generated can be used to control the pre‐analytical and analytical processes of both Hb and DNA analyses and is suitable for use in the PT program of hemoglobinopathies.
A randomized controlled trial of technology‐enhanced behavioral parent training: sustained parent skill use and child outcomes at follow‐up
Authors: Parent Justin , Anton Margaret T. , Loiselle Raelyn , Highlander April , Breslend Nicole , Forehand Rex , Hare Megan , Youngstrom Jennifer K. , Jones Deborah J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Early‐onset (3–8 years old) disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) have been linked to a range of psychosocial sequelae in adolescence and beyond, including delinquency, depression, and substance use. Given that low‐income families are overrepresented in statistics on early‐onset DBDs, prevention and early‐intervention targeting this population is a public health imperative. The efficacy of Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) programs such as Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC) has been called robust; however, given the additional societal and structural barriers faced by low‐income families, family engagement and retention barriers can cause effects to wane with time. This study extends preliminary work by examining the potential for a Technology‐Enhanced HNC (TE‐HNC) program to improve and sustain parent skill proficiency and child outcomes among low‐income families.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms was the design for this study. A total of 101 children (3–8‐years‐old) with clinically significant problem behaviors from low‐income households were randomized to HNC (n = 54) or TE‐HNC (n = 47). Participants were assessed at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, 3‐month, and 6‐month follow‐ups. Primary outcomes were parent‐reported and observed child behavior problems. Secondary outcomes included observed parenting skills use (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02191956).

Results

Primary analyses used latent curve modeling to examine treatment differences in the trajectory of change during treatment, maintenance of treatment gains, and levels of outcomes at the 6‐month follow‐up. Both programs yielded improvements in parenting skills and child problems at post‐treatment. However, TE‐HNC families evidenced greater maintenance of parent‐reported and observed child behavior and observed positive parenting skills at the 6‐month follow‐up.

Conclusions

Our findings contribute to an ongoing line of work suggesting that technology‐enhanced treatment models hold promise for increasing markers of engagement in BPT and sustaining long‐term outcomes among low‐income families.
Executive function and intellectual disability: innovations, methods and treatment
Authors: Fidler D. J. , Lanfranchi S.
Published: December 2021

This editorial presents an introduction to and an overview of the current JIDR special issue on “Executive Function in Intellectual Disability.” The articles included in this special issue provide a contemporary, in depth exploration of questions regarding the nature of EF in individuals with ID. Topics include the emergence of EF during early childhood in ID‐related conditions, the influence of EF on other domains of development, and the relationship between EF and adaptation throughout the lifespan. This editorial synthesizes the findings presented in this special issue and identifies methodological challenges that researchers will continue to face in future investigations of this important area.
Local Market Structure and Consumer Prices: Evidence from a Retail Merger*
Authors: Rickert Dennis , Schain Jan Philip , Stiebale Joel
Published: December 2021

This paper analyzes the effects of a merger between a German supermarket chain and a soft discounter on consumer prices. We exploit geographic price variation within retail chains and brands and use a difference‐in‐differences estimator to compare regional markets with changes in market structure to unaffected markets. Our results indicate that both insiders and outsiders raised average prices after the merger, particularly in regions with high expected changes in retail concentration. In contrast, we estimate price declines in regions that did not experience a rise in concentration but were potentially affected by cost savings within the merged entity.
Desired fertility and educational aspirations: Adolescent goals in rapidly changing social contexts
Authors: Alcaraz Melissa , Hayford Sarah R. , Glick Jennifer E.
Published: December 2021

Objective

This article analyzes the relationship between educational aspirations and fertility aspirations early in the life course in three different settings.

Background

The negative relationship between women's educational attainment and childbearing is one of the most consistent associations in social science. Family scholars have a more limited understanding of the relationship between educational aspirations and fertility aspirations before childbearing or union formation.

Method

The authors use data collected in Jalisco, Mexico; Gaza, Mozambique; and Chitwan Valley, Nepal as part of the Family Migration and Early Life Outcomes project. They estimate nested Poisson regressions to model the relationship between adolescent educational aspirations and desired family size, controlling for individual‐ and household‐level sociodemographic variables as well as adolescent beliefs and values.

Results

On average, adolescents who desire more education want fewer children in unadjusted models. In Mozambique and Nepal, this association is attenuated in models accounting for household characteristics. In Mexico, the association persists after incorporating these factors, but the inclusion of individual aspirations attenuates the relationship between educational aspirations and desired family size. In Mozambique, the association of educational aspirations with desired family size is moderated by gender.

Conclusion

As young people enter adolescence, their desires for education and childbearing are inversely related, but the mechanisms driving this association vary across contexts. This variation may be related to linkages between education, social status, and family values.
Evaluation of Microshear Bond Strength of Four Different CAD‐CAM Polymer‐Infiltrated Ceramic Materials after Thermocycling
Authors: Beyabanaki Elaheh , Eftekhar Ashtiani Reza , Feyzi Marjan , Zandinejad Amirali
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the bond strength of three monolithic hybrid ceramics/resin nanoceramics and a zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate to resin cement after thermocycling.

Materials and Methods

Using four materials, including Vita Enamic (VITA Zahnfabrik), Lava Ultimate (3M ESPE), Crystal Ultra (Digital Dental), and Vita Suprinity (VITA Zahnfabrik), 64 specimens were prepared with dimensions of 4 mm × 3 mm × 1.5 mm. Vita Suprinity samples were sintered at 840°C for 8 min. After polishing and cleaning all the samples in each group (n = 16), they were subjected to their recommended surface treatment: 10% hydrofluoric acid for Vita Enamic (60s) and Vita Suprinity (20s); air abrasion of Lava Ultimate and Crystal Ultra with 50 u Al2O3 particles. Then, tygon tubes were filled with dual cure resin cement (Panavia F2.0), cured and then subjected to thermal cycling (2000 cycles; 5‐55°C). The microshear bond strength was measured using microtensile testing machine. The data were analyzed using Welch and Games‐Howell tests (α = 0.05). The mode of failure was also evaluated using a stereomicroscope.

Results

The highest and the lowest mean microshear bond strength belonged to the Crystal Ultra (7.71 ± 1.54 MPa) and Vita Suprinity (4.73 ± 1.87 MPa) groups, respectively. The differences between groups were significant and Crystal Ultra had higher bond strength in comparison to all three materials (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Hybrid ceramics showed higher bond strength to resin cements in comparison to resin nanoceramics and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate materials.
Accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter for assessing liver steatosis in individuals with morbid obesity before bariatric surgery
Authors: Tavaglione Federica , De Vincentis Antonio , Bruni Vincenzo , Gallo Ida Francesca , Carotti Simone , Tuccinardi Dario , Spagnolo Giuseppe , Ciociola Ester , Mancina Rosellina Margherita , Jamialahmadi Oveis , D’Alessio Rossella , Bottazzi Bruna , Manfrini Silvia , Picardi Antonio , Perrone Giuseppe , Pozzilli Paolo , Caricato Marco , Vespasiani‐Gentilucci Umberto , Romeo Stefano
Published: December 2021

Background & Aims

The ultrasound‐based controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a non‐invasive tool widely validated for assessing liver steatosis across different etiologies. However, few studies, with liver biopsy available, have investigated its performance in individuals with morbid obesity. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CAP in participants with morbid obesity from the MAFALDA study before bariatric surgery.

Methods

A total of 120 individuals with valid examinations within three months from bariatric surgery were included. Clinical, laboratory, FibroScan® (XL probe), and liver biopsy data were collected using standardized procedures. The overall accuracy of CAP for detecting liver steatosis was estimated by the area under the receiver‐operating characteristics curve (AUROC). Optimal cut‐offs were chosen at points with the highest Youden index.

Results

The AUROCs of CAP for detecting S ≥ S1, S ≥ S2, and S = S3 were 0.91 (95% CI 0.86–0.97), 0.83 (95% CI 0.76–0.90), and 0.86 (95% CI 0.79–0.94), respectively. The best CAP cut‐offs for S ≥ S1, S ≥ S2, and S = S3 were 300 dB/m (95% CI 275–316), 328 dB/m (95% CI 296–345), and 344 dB/m (95% CI 343–352), respectively. CAP values were independently influenced by steatosis grade (estimate 20.60, 95% CI 12.70–28.40, P = 1.05 × 10−6). The AUROC of FibroScan‐AST (FAST) score for detecting progressive non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis was 0.76 (95% CI 0.66–0.86).

Conclusions

In individuals with morbid obesity, CAP measured by XL probe is an accurate non‐invasive tool for grading liver steatosis. Measurement of liver fat content by CAP may help identify those eligible for bariatric procedures and estimate the effect of bariatric surgery on hepatic steatosis.

Lay Summary

The ultrasound‐based controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) by using the XL probe has an excellent performance for grading liver steatosis among individuals with morbid obesity.

CAP may represent an accurate tool for the non‐invasive assessment of liver steatosis among individuals with morbid obesity before and after bariatric surgery.
Junior doctors' experiences with interprofessional collaboration: Wandering the landscape
Authors: van Duin Titia S. , de Carvalho Filho Marco A. , Pype Peter F. , Borgmann Susanne , Olovsson Matts H. , Jaarsma A. Debbie C. , Versluis Marco A. C.
Published: December 2021

Context

The transition from medical student to junior doctor is challenging. Junior doctors need to become part of the physician community of practice (CoP), while dealing with new responsibilities, tasks and expectations. At the same time, they need to learn how to navigate the frontiers and intersections with the other communities of practice that form the Landscape of Practice (LoP). This study aims to understand how junior doctors experience interprofessional collaboration (IPC) and what elements shape these experiences considering their transition to clinical practice.

Methods

In this multicentre qualitative study, 13 junior doctors individually drew two rich pictures of IPC experiences, one positive and one negative. A rich picture is a visual representation, a drawing of a particular situation intended to capture the complex and non‐verbal elements of an experience. We used semi‐structured interviews to deepen the understanding of junior doctors' depicted IPC experiences. We analysed both visual materials and interview transcripts iteratively, for which we adopted an inductive constructivist thematic analysis.

Results

While transitioning into a doctor, junior doctors become foremost members of the physician CoP and shape their professional identity based on perceived values in their physician community. Interprofessional learning occurs implicitly, without input from the interprofessional team. As a result, junior doctors struggle to bridge the gap between themselves and the interprofessional team, preventing IPC learning from developing into an integrative process. This professional isolation leaves junior doctors wandering the landscape of practice without understanding roles, attitudes and expectations of others.

Conclusions

Learning IPC needs to become a collective endeavour and an explicit learning goal, based on multisource feedback to take advantage of the expertise already present in the LoP. Furthermore, junior doctors need a safe environment to embrace and reflect on the emotions aroused by interprofessional interactions, under the guidance of experienced facilitators.
Primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a premature neonate treated conservatively with amphotericin B
Authors: Vittitow Stephany L. , Rusu Corina A. , Abubakar Maryam O. , Burnsed Jennifer , Gru Alejandro A. , Zlotoff Barrett J.
Published: December 2021

Cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare, often fatal fungal infection that most commonly affects patients with underlying immunosuppression but also can occur in premature neonates. We report the case of an extremely premature boy (<25 weeks) who developed primary cutaneous mucormycosis shortly after birth. Although surgical debridement has been a mainstay of treatment in combination with antifungal therapy, our patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B alone—the management only reported in three other cases to date. We present this case to highlight that prompt initiation of treatment with amphotericin B alone may be an appropriate alternative to surgical intervention, particularly in patients with non‐angioinvasive disease who are poor surgical candidates.
A case of prolidase deficiency in a male patient
Authors: Haller Courtney N. , George‐Abraham Jaya K. , Peterson Rosemary G. , Diaz Lucia Z.
Published: December 2021

Prolidase deficiency is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive disorder resulting in defective collagen formation. We report a case of prolidase deficiency in a male child, highlighting the dermatologic features. Early diagnosis is important as these patients encounter significant multisystem comorbidities requiring multispecialty care.
Effect of powdery mildew on antioxidant enzymes of wheat grain
Authors: Gao Hongyun , Niu Jishan , Zhao Wanyong , Zhang Dale , Li Suoping , Liu Yumiao
Published: December 2021

Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) is a severe leaf disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum). To elucidate the effect of powdery mildew on cell redox homeostasis in grains, three wheat cultivars with different resistance, Xi'nong 979 (susceptible), Zhengmai 379 (moderately susceptible), and Zhengmai 103 (resistant), were inoculated with Bgt in the field, and the changes in gene transcription and activity of the antioxidant enzymes in developing grains were analysed. The results showed that the gene expression patterns and enzyme activity changes of guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and 1‐Cys peroxiredoxin (1‐Cys Prx) were similar under powdery mildew conditions. They increased significantly at 10–20 days after anthesis (DAA) in susceptible cultivars and at 20–30 DAA in the resistant cultivar. However, they showed a significant decrease in susceptible cultivars at 20–30 DAA. The gene expression and enzyme activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) increased continuously during grain development, especially in susceptible cultivars. The results demonstrated that the antioxidant systems were induced under mild powdery mildew conditions, which was conducive to the synchronous regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, under severe powdery mildew conditions, the antioxidant systems were inhibited and the regulation of ROS was restricted, resulting in the breakdown of cell redox homeostasis. It is speculated that powdery mildew infection can inhibit the activity of some metabolic proteins (transcription factors or enzymes), change the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of grain cells, and further change the quality of wheat grains.
LncRNA‐mediated ceRNA networks provide novel potential biomarkers for peanut drought tolerance
Authors: Ren Jingyao , Jiang Chunji , Zhang He , Shi Xiaolong , Ai Xin , Li Rengyuan , Dong Jiale , Wang Jing , Zhao Xinhua , Yu Haiqiu
Published: December 2021

Drought stress has been the major constraint on peanut yield and quality, and an understanding of the function of long non‐coding (lncRNAs) in the peanut drought stress response is still in its infancy. In this study, two peanut varieties with contrasting drought tolerance were used to explore the functions of lncRNAs in the peanut drought response, and the results showed that the drought‐tolerant variety presented greater antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic adjustment ability, and photosynthesis under drought conditions. There were 4329 lncRNAs identified in the two varieties, of which 535 and 663 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in NH5 and FH18, respectively. The cis targets of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were putatively involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and other basic metabolic processes. A total of 673 competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) pairs were selected specifically in NH5, and the associated ceRNA network revealed six lncRNAs, MSTRG.70535.2, MSTRG.86570.2, MSTRG.86570.1, MSTRG.100618.1, MSTRG.81214.2, and MSTRG.30931.1were considered as hub nodes. They were speculated to contribute to enhancing peanut drought tolerance, such as regulating transcription and plant growth processes, thereby improving the drought stress response. In this study, lncRNAs and mRNAs interaction networks were constructed to aid a comprehensive understanding of the peanut drought stress response and form a basis for future research.
A new perspective and approach to ecosystem restoration: a seed enhancement technology guide and case study
Authors: Svejcar Lauren N. , Brown Vanessa S. , Ritchie Alison L. , Davies Kirk W. , Svejcar Tony J.
Published: December 2021

Restoration efforts in dryland systems are often limited by a complex range of environmental variables and chronically low establishment of seeded native species. Methods for restoring large tracts of degraded drylands in the western United States and southwestern Australia have not advanced substantially since the early 1900s despite continuous efforts to improve success. Historic agricultural practices used in large‐scale restoration efforts are often unsuccessful. A multidisciplinary approach toward problem resolution is necessary for future advancements in restoration applications and methods. Specifically, agricultural technologies such as seed enhancements should be applied to native restoration approaches. Seed enhancement technologies, such as activated carbon coating and extruded pelleting, are novel in the restoration context. However, their use is increasingly recognized as an opportunity to overcome current limitations to restoration efforts. At this early juncture in the development of seed enhancement technologies within restoration, we reflect on the need to tailor current agricultural technologies in light of the differences between agricultural and restoration contexts and reconceptualize our approach to seed enhancement technologies. In this paper, we provide a guide for the development of seed enhancement technologies in ecological restoration.
Attributes‐based conjoint analysis of landowner preferences for standing timber insurance
Authors: Deng Yiling , Munn Ian A. , Yao Haibo
Published: December 2021

There is a growing interest in developing a standing timber insurance market because of natural catastrophes and climate change, yet private forests are rarely insured worldwide. Landowner preferences for standing timber insurance's multiple attributes are essential to study the insurance demand. We use conjoint analysis to elicit the preferences and to measure the importance and value of attribute levels. We find that insurance premium is the most relevant and important attribute, followed by insurance coverage and deductible. The willingness‐to‐pay for the broadest insurance coverage and the lowest deductible can be as high as $2.54 per $1000 and $1.89 per $1000, respectively. We identify four market segments corresponding to landowner preferences: (a) premium desirers who are price sensitive; (b) provider pickers who prefer government providing insurance; (c) coverage seekers who concern perils; and (d) balanced buyers who consider price, deductible and coverage equally. This study provides useful information on the demand for standing timber insurance which allows the market to design policies to better meet landowners' needs.
Ocular abnormalities in the Icelandic horse with a focus on equine recurrent uveitis: 112 Icelandic horses living in Denmark and 26 Icelandic horses living in the United States
Authors: Henriksen Michala de Linde , Dwyer Ann E. , Krarup Nielsen Rikke , Bäcklund Sofia , Dahlmann Christensen Nanna , Holberg Pihl Tina
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To describe the most common ocular abnormalities in the Icelandic horse with focus on equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) and association between ocular abnormalities and summer eczema and coat colors.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional study. A complete physical and ophthalmic examination as well as measurement of serum titers forLeptospiraserovariants was performed on Icelandic horses from Denmark (DK) and the United States (USA).

Results

One hundred and twelve Icelandic horses living in DK and 26 Icelandic horses living in the United States were included in this study (total of 138 horses, 274 eyes). The three most common ocular abnormalities were follicular conjunctivitis (55.8%, 153/274 eyes), cataracts (27.4%, 75/274 eyes), and multifocal chorioretinopathy (“bullet holes”; 19%, 52/274 eyes). The prevalence for ERU among Icelandic horses aged “eight years and older” was 8% (6/75 horses). The “insidious ERU” type was found in 83% of the ERU cohort (5/6 horses), while “classic ERU” was found in 17% (1/6 horses). A correlation between ERU and cataracts was found in the population (p < .01). Leptospiral serology results were not associated with ERU in either DK or US‐Icelandic horses (p = 1.00,p = 1.00, respectively). ERU was not associated with summer eczema (p = .49), and no coat colors were associated with the ocular abnormalities found in the Icelandic horse (allp‐values > .05).

Conclusion

Follicular conjunctivitis, cataracts, and multifocal chorioretinopathy were the three most common ocular abnormalities findings. Icelandic horses who were 8 years or older had an 8% prevalence for ERU. Summer eczema and coat color were not associated with evidence of ERU or other ocular abnormalities.
Leucemia linfoide aguda B biclonal en un paciente pediátrico: reporte de caso en el servicio de Oncopediatría del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio
Authors: Campos Arenas Alba Myriam , Rios Korin Stefania , Rey Laura , De Los Reyes Iliana , Guzmán Cruz Paula Carolina , Peñaloza Castañeda Niyireth , Quijano Gómez Sandra Milena
Published: December 2021

Se trata de un paciente pediátrico diagnosticado con una leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) de precursores B, con dos poblaciones de blastos diferentes caracterizadas mediante citometría de flujo (una población tiene un inmunofenotipo asociado a células Pre-B y otra población corresponde a LLA-B común). El análisis genético en médula ósea reportó la presencia de t(9;22) (q34;q11) con BCR-ABL, hiperdiploidía de DNA (>50 cromosomas) y trisomía del cromosoma 5. Dada la complejidad genética, el paciente fue monitorizado semanalmente mediante citometría de flujo con persistencia de la población tumoral correspondiente a LLA-B común, hasta su eventual remisión.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Applied to the Treatment of Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms in a Middle-Income Country
Authors: Harker Pablo , Quitian-Reyes Hoover , Feo-Lee Oscar Hernando , Iragorri Nicolas , Puentes Juan Carlos
Published: December 2021

Object. Controversy exists regarding the best treatment option for unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms (UA);  we performed a long-term cost-effectiveness analysis comparing different treatment options from an economic standpoint.

Methods. A decision-tree model was built based on a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 patients undergoing treatment for UA. Health outcomes and cost analysis were modeled over the projected lifetime. All treatment outcome probabilities and likelihood ratios were obtained from natural history and outcome studies. Costs were assessed from the societal perspective of the general healthcare system in Colombia. A univariate sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact and significance of results.

Results. Significant differences were shown in treatment cost and total effectiveness. SC had a mean treatment cost of US$2,322 and a cost-effectiveness ratio of US$2,735 (EC: US$4,650 and US$5,798). A univariate sensitivity analysis showed that the total cost-effectiveness of SC remained dominantly superior to EC. Conclusions. From an economic standpoint, results show that SC is the most cost-effective treatment alternative in a middle-income country. These results must be taken into account during the decision-making process for the treatment of UA, especially in those countries where cost-effective measures are of vital importance. Nevertheless, further studies are warranted in different healthcare-system settings.
Espacios verdes en casa: efectos positivos para la salud mental durante el confinamiento por COVID-19
Authors: Aguilar-Luzón María del Carmen , Carmona-Moya Beatriz , Calvo-Salguero Antonia
Published: December 2021

En este estudio, se ha analizado la influencia de los espacios naturales/verdes conformados en el hogar, como recurso de afrontamiento ante las repercusiones que sobre la salud mental (nivel de estrés, depresión, ansiedad, hostilidad y alegría) tiene el estado de confinamiento derivado de la pandemia por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Para ello, una muestra de 337 participantes españoles respondieron, durante el periodo de confinamiento, a un cuestionario sobre variables estructurales de su vivienda, sobre sus estados emocionales y sobre la frecuencia con la que hacían determinadas pautas o rutinas conductuales como recursos de afrontamiento. Los resultados hallados ponen de manifiesto que las personas con disponibilidad de zonas verdes en sus hogares, ponían en marcha mayores estrategias de afrontamiento y presentaban estados emocionales más positivos, que aquellas que no disponían de espacios verdes en sus hogares. Se evidencia el efecto positivo y restaurador de la naturaleza ante la experiencia del confinamiento, así como el papel del mantenimiento de rutinas conductuales para preservar la salud mental.
Variables asociadas a la ansiedad-depresión en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Vinaccia  Alpi Stefano , Ortega Bechara Andrea
Published: December 2021

La salud, como un estado subjetivo de bienestar, responde a las características del contexto sociodemográfico. Estudios previos sugieren que los indicadores de salud mental entre estudiantes universitarios son comparativamente menores que los del resto de la población, probablemente debido a la interacción de factores contextuales. Este estudio busca evaluar la relación entre variables sociodemográficas, ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes de una universidad en la costa Atlántica colombiana. En un diseño transversal, los participantes (n = 6.224) completaron la escala PROMIS y un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica. Mediante análisis descriptivos se examinaron la incidencia y comorbilidad de la ansiedad-depresión. El efecto de las variables sociodemográficas en la ansiedad-depresión se analizó con un modelo regresión logística. Resultados. 55.7 % de los participantes presentaron síntomas de ansiedad, 32.2 % presentaron síntomas de depresión, y 28.9 % presentaron comorbilidad. El sexo, estado civil, grupo étnico y estrato socioeconómico fueron predictores significativos de la ansiedad-depresión. Los hallazgos indican que la ansiedad y la depresión son frecuentes entre estudiantes universitarios. La importancia de desarrollar intervenciones para promover la salud en el desempeño profesional de los estudiantes es discutida.
Neuroserpin and transthyretin are extracellular chaperones that preferentially inhibit amyloid formation
Authors: West Jennifer , Satapathy Sandeep , Whiten Daniel R. , Kelly Megan , Geraghty Nicholas J. , Proctor Emma-Jayne , Sormanni Pietro , Vendruscolo Michele , Buxbaum Joel N. , Ranson Marie , Wilson Mark R.
Published: December 2021

Neuroserpin preferentially inhibits amyloid formation; a 14-mer region in neuroserpin is implicated in binding to amyloid.
Targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Wan Zhuoya , Sun Runzi , Liu Yang-Wuyue , Li Sihan , Sun Jingjing , Li Jiang , Zhu Junjie , Moharil Pearl , Zhang Bei , Ren Pengfei , Ren Guolian , Zhang Min , Ma Xiaochao , Dai Shuangshuang , Yang Da , Lu Binfeng , Li Song
Published: December 2021

Immune cell–derived GRM4 negatively modulates antitumor immune response.
Lattice site–dependent metal leaching in perovskites toward a honeycomb-like water oxidation catalyst
Authors: Chen Yubo , Sun Yuanmiao , Wang Maoyu , Wang Jingxian , Li Haiyan , Xi Shibo , Wei Chao , Xi Pinxian , Sterbinsky George E. , Freeland John W. , Fisher Adrian C. , Ager Joel W. , Feng Zhenxing , Xu Zhichuan J.
Published: December 2021

Manipulating perovskite surface reconstruction offers a new path for developing advanced water oxidation catalysts.
Exploration of grid scheme for Frisch-grid ionization chamber
Authors: Li Meng , Yang Yuansheng , Ma Peng , Zhang Junwei , Qin Zhi , Wei Xianglun , Xiao Chaoyuan , Qiu Tianli , He Zhoubo , He Zhixuan , Lu Chengui , Hu Rongjiang , Yang Herun , Fang Yongde , Xiao Zhigang , Wang Hongwei , Hou Yikai , Duan Limin , Ong Hooi Jin
Published: December 2021

A new Frisch-grid ionization chamber has been built to explore the appropriate choice of Frisch-grid. Detailed studies of the relationship between grid geometries and detector performance have been performed with an $$^{241}$$

241

Am source. This paper describes and compares the energy resolution of ionization chambers with parallel-wire and mesh grids of different grid parameters. Some specific recommendations for grid selection are provided based on the data currently available. To obtain optimal energy resolution, the operating voltage of the chamber must satisfy the condition of minimum electron collection on the grid with distinct geometries and parameters, respectively. Since there is no established theory applicable to both types of grids, we have devised a careful simulation procedure incorporating the COMSOL and Garfield++ codes to search for the conditions of the minimum electron collection on the grid. The simulation results fit the experimental data well, suggesting that this simulation method successfully predicts the suitable voltage setting when using a mesh grid or parallel wires grid as the shielding electrode.