bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Some Kind of Racket”: The Museum of Modern Art’s Film Library, Hollywood and the Problem of Film Art, 1935
Authors: Wasson Haidee
Published: April 2018

Cet article examine la création des premières archives du film en Amérique du Nord, c’est-à-dire, la bibliothèque cinématographique du Musée d’Art Moderne, fondée en 1935. Après avoir expliqué pourquoi des films américains furent incorporés à une collection de peintures et scultures européennes, l’article se concentre sur les premiers rapports que la bibliothèque a entretenus avec l’industrie américaine du cinéma. Pendant les premières négociations avec les représentants de l’industrie, les employés de la bibliothèque ont atténué certaines réticences face à l’idée d’établir un institut d’art cinématographique en suggérant qu’il s’agissait d’un institut d’histoire du cinéma américain qui assurerait la sauve - garde des réussites de l’industrie. De plus, les employés de la bibliothèque ont présenté l’argument que ces films répondraient à la demande de plusieurs centres d’éducations respectables où ces oeuvres seraient étudiées mais certainement pas visionnées à des fins de divertissement. Cette approche permit d’éliminer les risques d’élitisme et de compétition commerciale, tout en situant la bibliothèque dans le mouvement éducatif contemporain.
Memory, Milestones, and Monuments: A Peripatetic Exploration of the West Side of UBC Campus
Authors: Blair Kelsey , Chamberlain-Snider Sandra , Dunn Katrina , Henderson Julia
Published: April 2018

Reflexive walking practices have gained increased attention as creative and analytic tools in recent years. This article documents a performative event in this vein that occurred in April 2016 at the University of British Columbia as part of the West Coast’s annual Tri-University Graduate Colloquium in Theatre and Performance Research. The hour-long Amble explored a portion of the host campus reflecting on the Colloquium theme, “Milestones and Commemoration.” Presenters staged interventions at select sites as provocations to consider how institutions such as universities focus and direct complex layers of cultural memory and amnesia, forms of diverse representation (or lack thereof), and eruptions of collegiate performance and performativity. The Tri-U Amble repeatedly unveiled shadows in the commemorative spaces it considered. Sites explored include two First Nations outdoor artworks, two portrait busts, the historic Irving K. Barber Learning Centre, the site of an intramural spectacle, and the War Memorial Gym. The article attempts to capture the dynamic flow of the Amble’s trek across campus, progressing gradually in mnemonic inquiry from the political and cultural, to the collegiate, and finally to the personal.
Negotiating Multiple Narrative Authorities at Eve of Confederation
Authors: Williamson Ashley
Published: April 2018

This article explores the complex relationships between commemoration, history, and financial sponsorship and the resulting representations in our national historical narratives. Upper Canada Village’s Eve of Confederation, written to mark Canada’s sesquicentennial, is ostensibly a love story set in a small town in Confederation-era Ontario. However, a closer look reveals an intricate alliance of stakeholders—governmental, historical, and financial—that influenced the dramaturgy, performance mode, and content of the play. The article examines the play as an example of how the genre of historical performance combined with material conditions that dictate a creative process can appear to subvert, but ultimately reinforce, structures of authority.
Homage to Joy Coghill
Authors: Deverell Rita Shelton
Published: April 2018

Joy Coghill was the Artistic Director of the Vancouver Playhouse when it produced The Ecstasy of Rita Joe in November 1967. And Joy was still the AD for a little while longer when Rita Joe opened the National Arts Centre in June 1969. Everything about those statements is revolutionary. Coghill was the first woman to be in charge of a major Canadian theatre. The new AD made a very brave decision by producing such a “problem” play. Further, Ryga’s play is recognized now as the script that proved “Canadian theatre” was not an oxymoron. Plus, Rita Joe spoke of hitherto unspoken, unrecognized themes by the dominant cultures: the Canada that systematically kills/steals the bodies and souls of Aboriginal peoples, women in particular. Many controversies followed when the actors exited the Playhouse stage in 1967: was the play no good because of its strange structure? Did non-Aboriginal Ryga have the right to tell this story? Was it wrong for white Frances Hyland to play the lead character? Rather, this article deals with the question Joy Coghill attributes to young actor, but not-yet Chief Leonard George, son of Chief Dan, after the 1969 National Arts Centre opening: “Is it going to work?”
Braids of a River: Memory and Performance in the North
Authors: Olson Michelle
Published: April 2018

“Braids of a River: Memory and Performance in the North” charts the creative process of Gwaandak Theatre’s Map of the Land, Map of the Stars. This article dives into the rehearsal process and methodology of creation that connected the creators of the piece to the land and its hidden stories. The process is the thread that connects Indigenous theatre to reclaiming world-views and openly acknowledging cultural inheritance as well as drawing out stories and memory that are counter to sanctioned Canadian identity.
Navigating the Digital and the Real in Zuppa Theatre’s The Archive of Missing Things
Authors: Brandes Dawn Tracey
Published: April 2018

This article analyzes The Archive of Missing Things, presented by Zuppa Theatre as part of Eastern Front Theatre’s Stages Festival in May 2017. The performance equipped participants with iPads or laptops and wireless headphones and challenged them to search for clues to find the “Heart” of a digital archive.
“Because It’s Ritual, and We’re Living”: Living Ritual International Indigenous Performing Arts Festival
Authors: Knowles Ric
Published: April 2018

Kaha:wi Dance Theatre’s Living Ritual Festival at Toronto’s Harbourfront Centre in July 2017 provided an opportunity for trans-Indigenous collaboration and exchange. It featured provocations, panels, workshops, and performances by Indigenous theatre and dance companies from Aotearoa (New Zealand), Australia, and across Turtle Island.
Validierung der Resonanten Frequenzsweep-Thermografie mittels einer POD-Analyse
Authors: Rahammer Markus , Kreutzbruck Marc
Published: April 2018

Kurzfassung

Die Resonante Frequenzsweep-Thermografie (RFST) basiert auf dem Prinzip der lokalen Defektresonanz (LDR) in Verbindung mit der bekannten Ultraschall-angeregten Thermografie. Lokale Defektresonanzen treten immer dort auf, wo ein Bauteil lokal aufgrund eines Defektes geschwächt wird. Dieser Bereich besitzt dann eigene, sehr viel höhere Resonanzfrequenzen und kann mit diesen sehr effizient angeregt werden. Dies führt zu einer energieeffizienten Ultraschallthermografie mit einfachen Anregungsquellen. Da jedoch Defektresonanzfrequenzen üblicherweise unbekannt sind, muss breitbandig angeregt werden. Während eines langsamen Frequenzsweeps im unteren und mittleren Kiloherzbereich werden Defekte, sobald ihre Resonanzfrequenz erreicht wird, angeregt und die thermische Antwort aufgrund von Rissuferreibung oder viskoelastischer Erwärmung an der Oberfläche von einer Thermografiekamera detektiert. Trotz der sehr niedrigen integralen Wärme können mithilfe einer Fourier-Filterung Defekte mit hohem Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis detektiert werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird die RFST auf eine Vielzahl von Flachbodenbohrungen in PMMA und Impactschäden in CFK angewendet. Dabei variiert bei ersteren sowohl der Radius als auch die Ligamentdicke, während letztere sich durch Impact-Energie bzw. Schadensfläche unterscheiden. Aufgrund der großen Anzahl an Prüfkörpern konnte eine Probability of Detection (PoD)-Analyse durchgeführt und das Verfahren RFST somit validiert werden.
Die Berner Waldpolitik im «Kampf der Ideologien» (Essay)
Authors: Schmidt Roger
Published: April 2018

Forest policy of the Canton of Berne in “the struggle of ideologies” (essay)

The Swiss cantons are drifting apart from each other in important questions about the forest economy. Even if the differing cantonal conditions may partly explain the varying approaches, it's problematic. The differences constrain the development of the national forest policy and timber industry and may also lead to risks for the forest economy and the cantonal forest services. The article presents a typology to describe cantonal forest policies and aims to stimulate a discussion between the cantons. A central issue is the role played by the state in the forest economy. The “provisioning state” considers the forest sector as a public service, due to the public interest and provides the services itself. The neo-liberal “minimal state” fully privatises the forest economy and operates on the principle that the market will satisfy all needs in the most efficient way. Forest policy in the Canton of Berne considers the state as the guarantor of the forest's services. This approach is located between the two mentioned extremes: the state defines the services which are needed and ensures that these are supplied by an entrepreneurial forest economy. Thus, the structural development of the forest economy in the Canton of Berne is the key to success and also one of the core concerns of the cantonal forest strategy.
Préférences écologiques des coléoptères saproxyliques emblématiques de Suisse
Authors: Sanchez Andreas , Chittaro Yannick , Gonseth Yves
Published: April 2018

Ecological preferences of Switzerland's emblematic saproxylic beetles

Swiss forests are home to nearly 1500 species of saproxylic Coleoptera. 414 of these are considered emblematic of specific microhabitats and may be used to evaluate the biological quality of different types of forests and wooded areas in Switzerland. This article provides a summary of the ecological requirements of these beetles based on information gathered from entomological collections and the literature. 77% of emblematic saproxylic beetles live at low altitude and 64% depend on warmth and high insolation. Oak (Quercus spp.), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and pine (particularly Pinus sylvestris) are the trees most often exploited by these beetles. 46% of saproxylic Coleoptera depend on decaying wood and 12% on heavily decomposed wood. 12% develop only in cavities in wood and 13% only in wood-decomposing fungi. We propose measures to promote saproxylic Coleoptera, namely by increasing the total amount of dead wood available (namely tree trunks and large branches) throughout Switzerland to at least 20m3/ha in the Jura, on the Plateau and the southern foothills of the Alps and 25 m3/ha in the Alps and Prealps. We also recommend the conservation of old trees that provide unique treemicrohabitats for saproxylic beetles.
Conservation of bamboo species in a mini urban ecosystem of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MM , Parvin W , Sultana N , Tarek SAM
Published: April 2018

A bambusetum conserving all bamboo species of Bangladesh was established at Bangladesh Forest Research Institute campus, Chittagong. The Silviculture Genetics Division conducted the research study. The purpose of the study was to collect, centralize and conserved all bamboo species of Bangladesh in a setum. The planted propagules of various species include offsets, part-clump, branch cutting, seed and seedling and tissue culture plantlets. So far 33 species of bamboos have been collected from different parts of the country as well as introduced from China and Thailand. The total land area of the bambusetum is approximately 2.0 hectares. It is the only bamboo germplasm centre of the country, which includes all bamboo species. It serves as a bamboo information center for the scientists, academicians, students and visitors as well.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(2): 35-42
“MDCXVI”
Authors: Gants David
Published: April 2018

This article examines the legacy of Ben Jonson's folio Workes of 1616, in particular the attention that has been paid to the volume's material instantiation. It discusses some of the bibliographical features that distinguish it from the better-known Shakespeare First Folio as well as some aspects of its printing history. It then looks at how changes in graduate training over the past forty years have affected scholarly approaches to editing and book history. Next, it looks at how three scholarly editions have incorporated important material and design characteristics of the Workes into their completed work: C. H. Hereford and Percy and Evelyn Simpson's Oxford Ben Jonson (1925–52), Ian Donaldson, Martin Butler, and David Bevington's Cambridge Edition of the Works of Ben Jonson (2012), and the Cambridge Edition of the Works of Ben Jonson Online (2014). Finally, it offers a few thoughts on the current limits of electronic publishing and possible future developments.
Update on Multiple Ovulations in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Macmillan Kira , Kastelic John P. , Colazo Marcos G.
Published: April 2018

This review updates the causal mechanisms and risk factors for multiple ovulations (MOV) in cattle. Clearly, MOV can lead to twin pregnancies, which negatively affects the health, production, and reproduction of cows. Therefore, a better understanding of the factors causing MOV may help to reduce twinning. Multiple ovulations occur after two or more follicles deviate and achieve codominance. The MOV rate is influenced by a complex network of hormones. For example, MOV is more common during periods of low progesterone (P4), that is, in anovulatory cattle or when luteolysis coincides with the selection of the future ovulatory follicle. There is also strong evidence for the luteinizing hormone (LH) being the primary factor leading to codominance, as high P4 concentrations suppress the transient LH surges and can reduce the ovulation rate in cattle or even inhibit deviation. Rates of MOV are increased in older and higher-producing dairy cows. Increased milk production and dry matter intake (DMI) increases hormone clearance, including P4; however, the association between milk yield and MOV has not been consistent. Additional risk factors for MOV include ovarian cysts, diet, season, and genetics.
Antibiotic Prescribing for Oro-Facial Infections in the Paediatric Outpatient: A Review
Authors: Dar-Odeh Najla , Fadel Hani T. , Abu-Hammad Shaden , Abdeljawad Rua’a , Abu-Hammad Osama A.
Published: April 2018

There are many reports on the complications associated with antibiotics abuse during the treatment of paediatric patients, particularly those related to antimicrobial resistance. The dental profession is no exception; there is growing evidence that dental practitioners are misusing antibiotics in the treatment of their paediatric patients. This review is directed to dental practitioners who provide oral healthcare to children. It is also directed to medical practitioners, particularly those working in emergency departments and encountering children with acute orofacial infections. A systematic search of literature was conducted to explore the clinical indications and recommended antibiotic regimens for orofacial infections in paediatric outpatients. The main indications included cellulitis, aggressive periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and pericoronitis. Amoxicillin was found to be the most commonly recommended antibiotic for short durations of 3–5 days, with metronidazole or azithromycin being the alternative antibiotics in penicillin-sensitive patients.
Overview of Lithium-Ion Battery Modeling Methods for State-of-Charge Estimation in Electrical Vehicles
Authors: Meng Jinhao , Luo Guangzhao , Ricco Mattia , Swierczynski Maciej , Stroe Daniel-Ioan , Teodorescu Remus
Published: April 2018

As a critical indictor in the Battery Management System (BMS), State of Charge (SOC) is closely related to the reliable and safe operation of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Model-based methods are an effective solution for accurate and robust SOC estimation, the performance of which heavily relies on the battery model. This paper mainly focuses on battery modeling methods, which have the potential to be used in a model-based SOC estimation structure. Battery modeling methods are classified into four categories on the basis of their theoretical foundations, and their expressions and features are detailed. Furthermore, the four battery modeling methods are compared in terms of their pros and cons. Future research directions are also presented. In addition, after optimizing the parameters of the battery models by a Genetic Algorithm (GA), four typical battery models including a combined model, two RC Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM), a Single Particle Model (SPM), and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) battery model are compared in terms of their accuracy and execution time.
Investigation on a Sensitive Chemiluminescence System Based on Ni(IV) Complex to Determine Two β2-Agonist Drugs in Urine and Swine Feed and Their Mechanism
Authors: Dong Xiao , Diao Yajie , Li Xinghua , Dai Tingting , Shi Hongmei , Li Shan
Published: April 2018

Veterinary drug residues, particularly traces of β2-agonists, can cause various kinds of harmful impact to the environment and public health. Here, a sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method incorporated with a flow injection analysis is developed for the determination of two β2-agonists [i.e., salbutamol (SAL) and terbutaline (TEB)]. The system is based on the CL reaction of Ni(IV) complex with luminol in alkaline solutions, whereas SAL and TEB can significantly enhance CL intensities. Under optimum conditions, CL intensities are proportional to the SAL and TEB concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10−9 M to 5.0 × 10−7 M and 1.0 × 10−9 M to 1.0 × 10−7 M, respectively. The limits of detection (3σ) are 1.0 × 10−11 M for TEB, and 1.3 × 10−11 for SAL respectively. Relative standard deviations (n = 11) are less than 2% for 5.0 × 10−8 M SAL and TEB. Possible reaction mechanisms for the CL system are suggested based on the CL system spectra, Ni(IV) complex oxidation characteristics, and electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of urine and swine feed samples with satisfactory results.
Precipitation Extended Linear Scaling Method for Correcting GCM Precipitation and Its Evaluation and Implication in the Transboundary Jhelum River Basin
Authors: Mahmood Rashid , Jia Shaofeng , Tripathi Nitin Kumar , Shrestha Sangam
Published: April 2018

In this study, a linear scaling method, precipitation extended linear scaling (PELS), is proposed to correct precipitation simulated by GCMs. In this method, monthly scaling factors were extended to daily scaling factors (DSFs) to improve the daily variation in precipitation. In addition, DSFs were also checked for outliers and smoothed with a smoothing filter to reduce the effect of noisy DSFs before correcting the GCM’s precipitation. This method was evaluated using the observed precipitation of 21 climate stations and five GCMs in the Jhelum River basin, Pakistan and India, for the period of 1986–2000 and also compared with the original linear scaling (OLS) method. The evaluation results showed substantial improvement in the corrected GCM precipitation, especially in case of mean and standard deviation values. Although PELS and OLS showed comparable results, the overall performance of PELS was better than OLS. After Evaluation, PELS was applied to the future precipitation from five GCMs for the period of 2041–2070 under RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 in the Jhelum basin, and the future changes in precipitation were calculated with respect to 1971–2000. According to average all GCMs, annual precipitation was projected to decrease by 4% and 6% in the basin under RCP8.5 and RCP2.6, respectively. Although two seasons, spring and fall, showed some increasing precipitation, the monsoon season showed severe decrease in precipitation, with 22% (RCP8.5) and 29% (RCP2.6), and even more reduction in July and August, up to 34% (RCP8.5) and 36% (RCP2.6). This means if the climate of the world follows the RCP8.5 and RCP2.6, then there will be a severe reduction in precipitation in the Jhelum basin during peak months. It was also observed that decline in precipitation was higher under RCP2.6 than RCP8.5.
Socioeconomic Status and Self-Rated Oral Health; Diminished Return among Hispanic Whites
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: April 2018

Background. An extensive body of knowledge has documented weaker health effects of socio-economic status (SES) for Blacks compared to Whites, a phenomenon also known as Blacks’ diminished return. It is, however, unknown whether the same diminished return also holds for other ethnic minorities such as Hispanics or not. Aim. Using a nationally representative sample, the current study aimed to compare Non-Hispanic and Hispanic Whites for the effects of SES on self-rated oral health. Methods. For the current cross-sectional study, we used data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003. With a nationally representative sampling, CPES included 11,207 adults who were either non-Hispanic Whites (n = 7587) or Hispanic Whites (n = 3620. The dependent variable was self-rated oral health, treated as dichotomous measure. Independent variables were education, income, employment, and marital status. Ethnicity was the focal moderator. Age and gender were covariates. Logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results. Education, income, employment, and marital status were associated with oral health in the pooled sample. Although education, income, employment, and marital status were associated with oral health in non-Hispanic Whites, none of these associations were found for Hispanic Whites. Conclusion. In a similar pattern to Blacks’ diminished return, differential gain of SES indicators exists between Hispanic and non-Hispanic Whites, with a disadvantage for Hispanic Whites. Diminished return of SES should be regarded as a systemically neglected contributing mechanism behind ethnic oral health disparities in the United States. Replication of Blacks’ diminished return for Hispanics suggests that these processes are not specific to ethnic minority groups, and non-White groups gain less because they are not enjoying the privilege and advantage of Whites.
Network Entropy for the Sequence Analysis of Functional Connectivity Graphs of the Brain
Authors: Zhang Chi , Cong Fengyu , Kujala Tuomo , Liu Wenya , Liu Jia , Parviainen Tiina , Ristaniemi Tapani
Published: April 2018

Dynamic representation of functional brain networks involved in the sequence analysis of functional connectivity graphs of the brain (FCGB) gains advances in uncovering evolved interaction mechanisms. However, most of the networks, even the event-related ones, are highly heterogeneous due to spurious interactions, which bring challenges to revealing the change patterns of interactive information in the complex dynamic process. In this paper, we propose a network entropy (NE) method to measure connectivity uncertainty of FCGB sequences to alleviate the spurious interaction problem in dynamic network analysis to realize associations with different events during a complex cognitive task. The proposed dynamic analysis approach calculated the adjacency matrices from ongoing electroencephalpgram (EEG) in a sliding time-window to form the FCGB sequences. The probability distribution of Shannon entropy was replaced by the connection sequence distribution to measure the uncertainty of FCGB constituting NE. Without averaging, we used time frequency transform of the NE of FCGB sequences to analyze the event-related changes in oscillatory activity in the single-trial traces during the complex cognitive process of driving. Finally, the results of a verification experiment showed that the NE of the FCGB sequences has a certain time-locked performance for different events related to driver fatigue in a prolonged driving task. The time errors between the extracted time of high-power NE and the recorded time of event occurrence were distributed within the range [−30 s, 30 s] and 90.1% of the time errors were distributed within the range [−10 s, 10 s]. The high correlation (r = 0.99997, p < 0.001) between the timing characteristics of the two types of signals indicates that the NE can reflect the actual dynamic interaction states of brain. Thus, the method may have potential implications for cognitive studies and for the detection of physiological states.
Thermodynamic and Economic Analysis of an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System
Authors: Wang Shucheng , Fu Zhongguang , Sajid Sajid , Zhang Tianqing , Zhang Gaoqiang
Published: April 2018

Integrating solar thermal energy into the conventional Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) has been proved to be an efficient way to use solar energy and improve the generation efficiency of CCPP. In this paper, the energy, exergy, and economic (3E) methods were applied to the models of the Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System (ISCCS). The performances of the proposed system were not only assessed by energy and exergy efficiency, as well as exergy destruction, but also through varied thermodynamic parameters such as DNI and Ta. Besides, to better understand the real potentials for improving the components, exergy destruction was split into endogenous/exogenous and avoidable/unavoidable parts. Results indicate that the combustion chamber of the gas turbine has the largest endogenous and unavoidable exergy destruction values of 202.23 MW and 197.63 MW, and the values of the parabolic trough solar collector are 51.77 MW and 50.01 MW. For the overall power plant, the exogenous and avoidable exergy destruction rates resulted in 17.61% and 17.78%, respectively. In addition, the proposed system can save a fuel cost of 1.86 $/MW·h per year accompanied by reducing CO2 emissions of about 88.40 kg/MW·h, further highlighting the great potential of ISCCS.
Effect of N2 Replacement by CO2 in Coaxial-Flow on the Combustion and Emission of a Diffusion Flame
Authors: Zhen Haisheng , Wei Zhilong , Chen Zhenbin
Published: April 2018

In this study, a double concentric burner burning methane with an annular coaxially-flowing oxidizer was adopted to operate the diffusion flame in lifted flame regime. The effects of coaxial-flow velocity, coaxial-flow composition variation through total and partial replacement of N2, and coaxial-flow oxygen enrichment were experimentally investigated in terms of the resultant changes in the flame stability, and thermal and emission characteristics. Consistent with the triple flame theory, the current stability tests show a linear increase in flame lift height with increasing coaxial-flow velocity and the blowout of lifted flames occurred at constant flame tip height. Replacement of N2 by CO2 in the coaxial-flow deteriorated the flame stability by significantly reducing the threshold coaxial-flow velocity. Due to combustion enhancement that is caused by oxygen enrichment, the threshold coaxial-flow velocity increased and this increase is more significant for the N2-diluted flame than CO2-diluted. Two of the most important NOx formation mechanisms, Zeldovich and Fenimore, were analyzed under the relatively low temperature flame conditions, generally below 1300 °C in this study. Results show that NOx is principally produced via the Fenimore mechanism for both N2- and CO2-diluted flames. NOx productions can be significantly affected by coaxial-flow composition and coaxial-flow velocity. An increase in the velocity of N2-diluted coaxial-flow increases NOx emissions, while a reverse trend occurred, as N2 in the coaxial-flow was replaced or partially replaced by CO2, which is ascribed to the strong combustion-resisting behavior of CO2. For all cases, CO emissions vary in the opposite direction of NOx emissions. Due to the strong thermal and chemical effects of CO2 on combustion in comparison to N2, total or partial replacement of N2 by CO2 results in a steep increase in CO emissions.
Microbial Biodiesel Production by Direct Transesterification of Rhodotorula glutinis Biomass
Authors: Kuan I-Ching , Kao Wei-Chen , Chen Chun-Ling , Yu Chi-Yang
Published: April 2018

(1) Background: Lipids derived from oleaginous microbes have become promising alternative feedstocks for biodiesel. This is mainly because the lipid production rate from microbes is one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of energy crops. However, the conventional process for converting these lipids to biodiesel still requires a large amount of energy and organic solvents; (2) Methods: In this study, an oleaginous yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis, was used for direct transesterification without lipid pre-extraction to produce biodiesel, using sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. Such processes decreased the amount of energy and organic solvents required simultaneously; (3) Results: When 1 g of dry R. glutinis biomass was subject to direct transesterification in 20 mL of methanol catalyzed by 0.6 M H2SO4 at 70 °C for 20 h, the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield reached 111%. Using the same amount of biomass and methanol loading but catalyzed by 1 g/L NaOH at 70 °C for 10 h, the FAME yield reached 102%. The acid-catalyzed process showed a superior moisture tolerance; when the biomass contained 70% moisture, the FAME yield was 43% as opposed to 34% of the base-catalyzed counterpart; (4) Conclusions: Compared to conventional transesterification, which requires lipid pre-extraction, direct transesterification not only simplifies the process and shortens the reaction time, but also improves the FAME yield.
Corona Onset Characteristics of Bundle Conductors in UHV AC Power Lines at 2200 m Altitude
Authors: Huang Shilong , Liu Yunpeng , Chen Shaoshuai , Zhou Guangyang , Zhuang Wenbing
Published: April 2018

The corona onset characteristic of bundle conductors is an important limiting factor for the design of UHV AC power lines in high-altitude areas. An experimental study on the corona characteristics of 8 × LGJ630, 6 × LGJ720, 8 × LGJ720 and 10 × LGJ720 bundle conductors commonly used in UHV power lines under dry and wet conductor conditions, as well as artificial moderate and heavy rain conditions, was conducted in Ping’an County, Xining City (elevation 2200 m). By using the tangent line method, the corona onset voltages and onset electric field of four types of conductors at high altitudes are obtained for the first time. In addition, the calculation model of corona onset voltage considering the outer strands’ effect on the electric field and the geometric factor in the corona cage in high altitude areas is established. The comparison of the calculation results and experimental results under dry conditions verifies the model’s correctness. Based on the results, an optimal selection scheme for high altitudes is proposed. The roughness coefficient was also calculated and analysed: the roughness coefficient of bundled conductors was between 0.59 and 0.77, and the roughness coefficient of the wet conductor was between the dry and rainy conditions. Both the experimental data and the calculation model can provide a reference for conductor selection for UHV AC power lines for use in high-altitude areas.
Distribution-Level Flexibility Market for Congestion Management
Authors: Esmat Ayman , Usaola Julio , Moreno María Ángeles
Published: April 2018

Nowadays, problems facing Distribution System Operators (DSOs) due to demand increase and the wide penetration of renewable energy are usually solved by means of grid reinforcement. However, the smart grid paradigm enables the deployment of demand flexibility for congestion management in distribution grids. This could substitute, or at least postpone, these needed investments. A key role in this scheme is the aggregator, who can act as a “flexibility provider” collecting the available flexibility from the consumers. Under this paradigm, this paper proposes a flexibility market led by the DSO and aimed at solving distribution grid congestions. The proposal also includes a flexibility market clearing algorithm, which is easy to implement, has low computational requirements and considers the energy rebound effect. The proposed design has the advantage of excluding the DSO’s need for trading in energy markets. Also, the solution algorithm proposed is fully compatible with already existing grid analysis tools. The proposed electricity market is tested with two case studies from a real Spanish distribution network, where the proposed clearing algorithm is used, and finally, results are presented and discussed.
Comparison of Geometrical Layouts for a Multi-Box Aerosol Model from a Single-Chamber Dispersion Study
Authors: Jensen Alexander C. Ø. , Dal Maso Miikka , Koivisto Antti J. , Belut Emmanuel , Meyer-Plath Asmus , Van Tongeren Martie , Sánchez Jiménez Araceli , Tuinman Ilse , Domat Maida , Toftum Jørn , Koponen Ismo K.
Published: April 2018

Models are increasingly used to estimate and pre-emptively calculate the occupational exposure of airborne released particulate matter. Typical two-box models assume instant and fully mixed air volumes, which can potentially cause issues in cases with fast processes, slow air mixing, and/or large volumes. In this study, we present an aerosol dispersion model and validate it by comparing the modelled concentrations with concentrations measured during chamber experiments. We investigated whether a better estimation of concentrations was possible by using different geometrical layouts rather than a typical two-box layout. A one-box, two-box, and two three-box layouts were used. The one box model was found to underestimate the concentrations close to the source, while overestimating the concentrations in the far field. The two-box model layout performed well based on comparisons from the chamber study in systems with a steady source concentration for both slow and fast mixing. The three-box layout was found to better estimate the concentrations and the timing of the peaks for fluctuating concentrations than the one-box or two-box layouts under relatively slow mixing conditions. This finding suggests that industry-relevant scaled volumes should be tested in practice to gain more knowledge about when to use the two-box or the three-box layout schemes for multi-box models.
Responses of the Carbon Storage and Sequestration Potential of Forest Vegetation to Temperature Increases in Yunnan Province, SW China
Authors: Zhou Ruiwu , Li Wangjun , Zhang Yiping , Peng Mingchun , Wang Chongyun , Sha Liqing , Liu Yuntong , Song Qinghai , Fei Xuehai , Jin Yanqiang , Gao Jinbo , Lin Youxing , Grace John , Wang Shusen
Published: April 2018

The distribution of forest vegetation and forest carbon sequestration potential are significantly influenced by climate change. In this study, a map of the current distribution of vegetation in Yunnan Province was compiled based on data from remote sensing imagery from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) from 2008 to 2011. A classification and regression tree (CART) model was used to predict the potential distribution of the main forest vegetation types in Yunnan Province and estimate the changes in carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential (CSP) in response to increasing temperature. The results show that the current total forest area in Yunnan Province is 1.86 × 107 ha and that forest covers 48.63% of the area. As the temperature increases, the area of forest distribution first increases and then decreases, and it decreases by 11% when the temperature increases from 1.5 to 2 °C. The mean carbon density of the seven types of forest vegetation in Yunnan Province is 84.69 Mg/ha. The total carbon storage of the current forest vegetation in Yunnan Province is 871.14 TgC, and the CSP is 1100.61 TgC. The largest CSP (1114.82 TgC) occurs when the temperature increases by 0.5 °C. Incremental warming of 2 °C will sharply decrease the forest CSP, especially in those regions with mature coniferous forest vegetation. Semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests were highly sensitive to temperature changes, and the CSP of these forests will decrease with increasing temperature. Warm-hot coniferous forests have the greatest CSP in all simulation scenarios except the scenario of a 2 °C temperature increase. These results indicate that temperature increases can influence the CSP in Yunnan Province, and the largest impact emerged in the 2 °C increase scenario.
Yeasts from Different Habitats and Their Potential as Biocontrol Agents
Authors: Pretscher Julia , Fischkal Tilman , Branscheidt Sina , Jäger Lucas , Kahl Susann , Schlander Martina , Thines Eckhard , Claus Harald
Published: April 2018

Ever since plant diseases began causing losses in viticulture, the control of phytopathogenic fungi has become of vital interest for winemakers. The occurrence of novel pests, fungicide resistance, and changed consumer expectations have led to an enormous demand for novel plant protection strategies. As part of integrated protection measures, antagonistic microorganisms have been investigated to a large extent. Such microorganisms can be applied not only in conventional, but also in organic farming as biological control agents (BCA). Particularly, yeasts were found to be interesting candidates for the development of BCA. Many of these eukaryotic microorganisms are found as part of the phylloplane microflora. In this study, we assessed a set of 38 yeast isolates from different habitats, including the guts of termites, for inhibitory effects against some phytopathogenic fungi that have received less attention in earlier studies. The majority of yeasts were found to interfere with fungi infecting grapevine (Eutypa lata, Botrytis cinerea, and Roesleria subterranea), stone fruits (Monilinia fructicola), or rice (Magnaporte oryzae), as well in vitro and in model experiment on fruits. Although most yeast strains secreted glycoside hydrolases and proteases, attempts to demonstrate direct antagonistic activities of lytic enzymes failed. However, in culture filtrates of the termite yeast Papiliotrema odontotermitis OO5, a low molecular thermostable antagonistic factor was detected. Iron depletion as a BCA mechanism was confirmed for strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima but not for other yeasts.
A Study of Background Conditions for Sphinx—The Satellite-Borne Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter
Authors: Xie Fei , Pearce Mark
Published: April 2018

SPHiNX is a proposed satellite-borne gamma-ray burst polarimeter operating in the energy range 50–500 keV. The mission aims to probe the fundamental mechanism responsible for gamma-ray burst prompt emission through polarisation measurements. Optimising the signal-to-background ratio for SPHiNX is an important task during the design phase. The Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit is used in this work. From the simulation, the total background outside the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is about 323 counts/s, which is dominated by the cosmic X-ray background and albedo gamma rays, which contribute ∼60% and ∼35% of the total background, respectively. The background from albedo neutrons and primary and secondary cosmic rays is negligible. The delayed background induced by the SAA-trapped protons is about 190 counts/s when SPHiNX operates in orbit for one year. The resulting total background level of ∼513 counts/s allows the polarisation of ∼50 GRBs with minimum detectable polarisation less than 30% to be determined during the two-year mission lifetime.
BSG and MCT1 Genetic Variants Influence Survival in Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Łacina Piotr , Butrym Aleksandra , Mazur Grzegorz , Bogunia-Kubik Katarzyna
Published: April 2018

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematologic malignancy characterized by the presence of atypical plasma cells. Basigin (BSG, CD147) controls lactate export through the monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (MCT1, SLC16A1) and supports MM survival and proliferation. Additionally, BSG is implicated in response to treatment with immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide and its derivatives). We investigated the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene coding for BSG and SLC16A1 in MM. Following an in silico analysis, eight SNPs (four in BSG and four in SLC16A1) predicted to have a functional effect were selected and analyzed in 135 MM patients and 135 healthy individuals. Alleles rs4919859 C, rs8637 G, and haplotype CG were associated with worse progression-free survival (p = 0.006, p = 0.017, p = 0.002, respectively), while rs7556664 A, rs7169 T and rs1049434 A (all in linkage disequilibrium (LD), r2 > 0.98) were associated with better overall survival (p = 0.021). Similar relationships were observed in thalidomide-treated patients. Moreover, rs4919859 C, rs8637 G, rs8259 A and the CG haplotype were more common in patients in stages II–III of the International Staging System (p < 0.05), while rs8259 A correlated with higher levels of β-2-microglobulin and creatinine (p < 0.05). Taken together, our results show that BSG and SLC16A1 variants affect survival, and may play an important role in MM.
UNESCO Global Geoparks, Geotourism and Communication of the Earth Sciences: A Case Study in the Chablais UNESCO Global Geopark, France
Authors: Justice Sophie Catherine
Published: April 2018

The last twenty years have seen considerable developments in geotourism, a form of sustainable tourism. This has been also a period of significant development for UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGps), on one hand with the creation of the International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme, and the other, in the number and diversity of UGGps recognised across the world. Geoparks have particular characteristics, such as a spatial engagement across an area, as well as the long-term commitment associated with this type of label. UGGps take a broad approach to geotourism, and seek to engage with all demographics, including “unsuspecting” geotourists. This is particularly relevant when considering that the Geopark profile has evolved since the introduction of the UNESCO label, and that a number UGGps are pre-existing tourist destinations and have diverse economies and strong growth. UGGps draw on professional, multidisciplinary teams that combine scientific knowledge, science communication, and outreach events to achieve effective heritage transmission through actions that target schools, the local population, and the general public. These are not traditional structures and do not have behavioural constraints imposed on them as experienced by some educational structures or museums. The present case study is an example of the type of innovation seen in UGGps, whereby novel solutions are employed in order to touch as wide a public as possible. The action presented is a winter outreach event for the general public in the Chablais UNESCO Global Geopark (France), that was developed in partnership with the Portes du Soleil association of 12 ski resorts. This consisted of an orienteering/treasure hunt game across one of the world’s largest ski domains, that included panels with anecdotes presenting different aspects of the Chablais geoheritage. It demonstrates that it is possible to engage with a sporting public that is seeking experiences and is not expecting to sacrifice time or exert effort to deepen knowledge or gain cultural insight. Interestingly, the study shows that careful event design, including concise language choice and a strict avoidance of technical vocabulary, results in the effective transmission of heritage information. The game participants were not geotourists, and yet displayed a good appetite for Earth science and cultural heritage knowledge. The study concluded that the sporting general public retained information about the geoheritage of the area, was open to participating in future Chablais UGGp events, and that they were interested in returning both to explore other aspects of the territory, and to visit in other seasons. The Chablais UGGp assessed the success and quality of the event and confirmed the relevance of a well-considered and layered geotourism strategy for territories with an UGGp label.
Ethnic Variations in Psychosocial and Health Correlates of Eating Disorders
Authors: Assari Shervin , DeFreitas Mariana R.
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study is to explore ethnic variations in psychosocial and health correlates of eating disorders in the United States, Specifically, we compared associations between gender, socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index (BMI), physical and mental self-rated health (SRH), and major depressive disorder (MDD) with eating disorders (EDs) across 10 different ethnic groups in the United States. Data was obtained from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), a national household probability sample collected in 2001–2003. Data for this study included a sample of 17,729 individuals with the following ethnic profile: 520 Vietnamese, 508 Filipino, 600 Chinese, 656 Other Asian, 577 Cuban, 495 Puerto Rican, 1442 Mexican, 1106 Other Hispanic, 4746 African American, and 7587 Non-Latino Whites. Gender, SES (education and income), BMI, SRH, MDD, and presence of EDs were measured across different ethnic groups. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for each ethnic group with lifetime EDs as the main outcome. Ethnic group varied in psychosocial and health correlates of EDs. In most ethnic groups, gender and SES were not associated with EDs. In almost all ethnic groups, EDs were associated with MDD and BMI. EDs were found to be associated with SRH in half of the ethnic groups studied. The associations between gender, SES, BMI, SRH, MDD, and EDs vary across different ethnic groups. These differences must be considered in further studies and in clinical practice in order to improve our approach towards diagnosis and treatment of EDs.
The Relationship between Urbanization, the Built Environment, and Physical Activity among Older Adults in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Nuan-Ching , Kung Shiann-Far , Hu Susan C.
Published: April 2018

Urbanization and ageing are global phenomena and offer unique challenges in different countries. A supportive environment plays a critical role in addressing the issue of behavioral change and health promotion among older adults. Many studies in the U.S., EU, and Australia have considered promoting physical activity in the community based on ecological models, whereas very few Asian studies have examined the relationships among urbanization, the built environment and physical activity in elderly at the ecological level, especially from a multi-level perspective. Due to the prevalence of post-war baby boomers and a very low birth-rate, the older population (aged 65 years old and older) in Taiwan has increased rapidly since 2011 and has exceeded the younger generation (0–14 years old) in 2017. Hence, the purpose of this study was first to examine the degree of urbanization in townships and the status of related built environments in Taiwan and then to investigate whether the built environment is associated with recommended amounts of physical activity among older adults. Three national datasets and a multi-level design were used in this research. Data at the individual level was obtained from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) which was taken from June 2009 to February 2010. Ecological data was obtained from the 2006 National Land Use Investigation of the National Geographic Information System and the 2010 Population and Housing Census. The analyses included a descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis, a multiple logistic regression, and a multi-level analysis, utilizing a mostly hierarchical linear model (HLM). The results showed a significant relationship between factors at the environmental levels and physical activity in older adults. Urbanization, the built environment, and the median income of townships were positively correlated to the physical activity of the older adults. After controlling for individual-level factors, urbanization still exhibited this correlation. Parks and green spaces were associated with achieving the recommended amount of physical activity. However, there was no relationship after controlling for factors at the individual level. Detailed discussions were provided.