bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nested Named Entity Recognition: A Survey
Authors: Wang Yu , Tong Hanghang , Zhu Ziye , Li Yun
Published: March 2022

With the rapid development of text mining, many studies observe that text generally contains a variety of implicit information, and it is important to develop techniques for extracting such information. Named Entity Recognition (NER), the first step of information extraction, mainly identifies names of persons, locations, and organizations in text. Although existing neural-based NER approaches achieve great success in many language domains, most of them normally ignore the nested nature of named entities. Recently, diverse studies focus on the nested NER problem and yield state-of-the-art performance. This survey attempts to provide a comprehensive review on existing approaches for nested NER from the perspectives of the model architecture and the model property, which may help readers have a better understanding of the current research status and ideas. In this survey, we first introduce the background of nested NER, especially the differences between nested NER and traditional (i.e., flat) NER. We then review the existing nested NER approaches from 2002 to 2020 and mainly classify them into five categories according to the model architecture, including early rule-based, layered-based, region-based, hypergraph-based, and transition-based approaches. We also explore in greater depth the impact of key properties unique to nested NER approaches from the model property perspective, namely entity dependency, stage framework, error propagation, and tag scheme. Finally, we summarize the open challenges and point out a few possible future directions in this area. This survey would be useful for three kinds of readers: (i) Newcomers in the field who want to learn about NER, especially for nested NER. (ii) Researchers who want to clarify the relationship and advantages between flat NER and nested NER. (iii) Practitioners who just need to determine which NER technique (i.e., nested or not) works best in their applications.
Ribonucleotide Incorporation by Eukaryotic B-Family Replicases and Its Implications for Genome Stability
Authors: Williams Jessica S. , Kunkel Thomas A.
Published: March 2022

Our current view of how DNA-based genomes are efficiently and accurately replicated continues to evolve as new details emerge on the presence of ribonucleotides in DNA. Ribonucleotides are incorporated during eukaryotic DNA replication at rates that make them the most common noncanonical nucleotide placed into the nuclear genome, they are efficiently repaired, and their removal impacts genome integrity. This review focuses on three aspects of this subject: the incorporation of ribonucleotides into the eukaryotic nuclear genome during replication by B-family DNA replicases, how these ribonucleotides are removed, and the consequences of their presence or removal for genome stability and disease.
Carbon Fluxes in the Coastal Ocean: Synthesis, Boundary Processes, and Future Trends
Authors: Dai Minhan , Su Jianzhong , Zhao Yangyang , Hofmann Eileen E. , Cao Zhimian , Cai Wei-Jun , Gan Jianping , Lacroix Fabrice , Laruelle Goulven G. , Meng Feifei , Müller Jens Daniel , Regnier Pierre A.G. , Wang Guizhi , Wang Zhixuan
Published: March 2022

This review examines the current understanding of the global coastal ocean carbon cycle and provides a new quantitative synthesis of air-sea CO2 exchange. This reanalysis yields an estimate for the globally integrated coastal ocean CO2 flux of −0.25 ± 0.05 Pg C year−1, with polar and subpolar regions accounting for most of the CO2 removal (>90%). A framework that classifies river-dominated ocean margin (RiOMar) and ocean-dominated margin (OceMar) systems is used to conceptualizecoastal carbon cycle processes. The carbon dynamics in three contrasting case study regions, the Baltic Sea, the Mid-Atlantic Bight, and the South China Sea, are compared in terms of the spatio-temporal variability of surface pCO2. Ocean carbon models that range from box models to three-dimensional coupled circulation-biogeochemical models are reviewed in terms of the ability to simulate key processes and project future changes in different continental shelf regions. Common unresolved challenges remain for implementation of these models across RiOMar and OceMar systems. The long-term trends in coastal ocean carbon fluxes for different coastal systems under anthropogenic stress that are emerging in observations and numerical simulations are highlighted. Knowledge gaps in projecting future perturbations associated with before and after net-zero CO2 emissions in the context of concurrent changes in the land-ocean-atmosphere coupled system pose a key challenge. ▪ A new synthesis yields an estimate for a globally integrated coastal ocean carbon sink of −0.25 Pg C year−1, with greater than 90% of atmospheric CO2 removal occurring in polar and subpolar regions. ▪ The sustained coastal and open ocean carbon sink is vital in mitigating climate change and meeting the target set by the Paris Agreement. ▪ Uncertainties in the future coastal ocean carbon cycle are associated with concurrent trends and changes in the land-ocean-atmosphere coupled system. ▪ The major gaps and challenges identified for current coastal ocean carbon research have important implications for climate and sustainability policies.
Effect of Curing Time on the Surface Permeability of Concrete with a Large Amount of Mineral Admixtures
Authors: Liu Zhenguo , Liu Guorong , Zhang Guosheng
Published: March 2022

In order to explore the influence of curing time on the surface permeability of concrete, 10 groups of high content fly ash and slag concrete with two kinds of water‐binder ratio were designed. There were cured under five curing methods, respectively. The influence of curing time on the surface permeability of concrete was studied. The mechanism was explained by hydration heat and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results show that inadequate curing time leads to insufficient hydration of cementitious materials in concrete with large amount of mineral admixtures and significant increase in the diffusion of chloride ions on the surface of concrete. Standard curing for 14 days can basically ensure the chloride ion penetration resistance of concrete with large amount of mineral admixture. When the standard curing time is less than 7 days, the chloride ion penetration resistance deteriorates seriously. Under the condition of insufficient standard curing time, adding a small amount of limestone powder can effectively enhance the chloride ion permeability of concrete with a large amount of fly ash and slag.
Diagnosis of Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Fibrosis by Artificial Intelligence Algorithm-Based Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography
Authors: Wu Liexiu , Ning Bo , Yang Jianjun , Chen Yanni , Zhang Caihong , Yan Yun
Published: March 2022

This research was aimed at investigating the artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation algorithm-based multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and liver fibrosis. Besides, it was aimed at providing new methods for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and liver fibrosis. All patients were divided into the control group, mild liver fibrosis group, and significant liver fibrosis group. A total of 112 patients were included, with 40 cases in the mild liver fibrosis group, 48 cases in the significant liver fibrosis group, and 24 cases who underwent computed tomography (CT) examination in the control group. In the research, deconvolution algorithm of AI segmentation algorithm was adopted to process the images. The average hepatic arterial fraction (HAF) values of patients in the control group, mild liver fibrosis group, and severe liver fibrosis group were

17.59
±
10.03

%,

18.23
±
5.57

%, and

20.98
±
6.63

%, respectively. The average MTT values of patients in the control group, mild liver fibrosis group, and severe liver fibrosis group were

12.69
±
1.78

S,

12.53
±
2.05

S, and

12.04
±
1.57

S, respectively. The average blood flow (BF) values of patients in the control group, mild liver fibrosis group, and severe liver fibrosis group were

105.68
±
15.57

 mL 100 g-1·min-1,

116.07
±
16.5

 mL·100 g-1·min-1, and

110.39
±
16.32

 mL·100 g-1·min-1, respectively. Besides, the average blood volume (BV) values of patients in the control group, mild liver fibrosis group, and significant liver fibrosis group were

15.69
±
4.35

 mL·log-1,

16.97
±
2.68

 mL·log-1, and

16.11
±
4.87

 mL·100 g-1, respectively. According to statistics, the differences among the average HAF, MTT, BF, and BV values showed no statistical meaning. AI segmentation algorithm-based MSCT imaging could promote the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and liver fibrosis effectively and offer new methods to clinical diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and liver fibrosis.
Study on Shear Characteristics of Interface between Frozen Soil and Pile during Thawing Process in Permafrost Area
Authors: Zhao Ying , Mao Xuesong , Wu Qian , Huang Wanjun , Wang Yueyue
Published: March 2022

In permafrost areas, the degradation of permafrost greatly affects the stability of concrete pile composite foundations. Hence, direct shear tests were carried out to analyze the effect of the rising frozen temperature, moisture content, and normal stress on the mechanical properties of the frozen soil‐pile interface during the thawing process of permafrost. A constitutive model was established to describe the shear stress‐displacement variation law of interface, considering the hydrothermal coupling effect. The results show that the frozen strength of the interface was provided by the ice crystal structure formed at the interface, and its area increases with increasing water content. The whole shear process can be divided into three stages: the prepeak stage with growing shear stress, the postpeak stage with deep dropping shear stress, and the shear stress reconstruction stage. The peak frozen strength was positively correlated with water content and normal stress, however, it was negatively correlated with the rising frozen temperature. The residual frozen strength has a linear relationship with normal stress and water content, however, it shows different regularity with rising frozen temperature at different water content. Moreover, the Gompertz model prediction results are in good agreement with the experimental results. This model can describe well the stress‐displacement variation law of interface with different rising frozen temperature and water content.
Innovation and Development of Cultural and Creative Industries Based on Big Data for Industry 5.0
Authors: Huang Lian , Jia Yi
Published: March 2022

While art design is based on innovation and creativity, information technology is advancing by leaps and bounds for Industry 5.0. Big data technology has achieved breakthrough development, and the big data era that has followed has begun. Promoting the resources, technology, thinking big data is the general trend. It is an important expression of creative thinking, which is closely connected with art design and studies the relationship between design and art. As the starting point for research, the average growth rate of China's cultural and creative industries is as high as 26.08%, which is not only limited by the growth rate of traditional industries. More results show that, in 18 years, radio, television, and Internet information services, which are rapidly developing, accounted for 27.9%, 21.8%, and 20.3%, while the advertising, exhibition, tourism, and leisure industries have also steadily increased, and they accounted for 9.6% and 7.1% of the total share. These research results show that the design art and cultural and creative industries are complementary.
An Investigation into the Semantic/Syntactic Weaknesses and Strengths of Tourist Brochures in Zandiyeh Complex Based on Napu (2016)
Authors: Pourshahian Bahar , Kumar Tribhuwan
Published: March 2022

This study is about an analysis of the content that tries to identify weaknesses of Persian-English translation in the tourism industry and show the most common and fairly frequent error patterns committed by Iranian translators who are nonnative by using Napu model. Although these problems in the information of the booklet are underresearched, there is little discussion of tourism material in translation research. To fulfill the aims of this study, the weaknesses and strengths of the booklet of Bazare Vakil complex, Pars museums, Fort of Karim Khan, Vakil mosque, and Vakil bath and their English translations were examined in terms of language and communication. According to the findings, it is recognized that the tourist texts under study (Zandiyeh Complex) present a large number of semantic errors, and, as expected, these significantly prevent the quality of the translations. The analysis results indicated that the semantic area is where these booklets fall short, whereas the language (syntax) is regarded as the strength.
Feature Extraction and Small-Sample Learning of Dexmedetomidine for Neurosurgery on Postoperative Agitation in Patients with Craniocerebral Injury
Authors: Ding Chuan , Wang Xiuhua , Wang Xiuqin
Published: March 2022

Objective. To observe the controlled effect of dexmedetomidine for neurosurgery and the effect on postoperative cognitive function. The main task of this paper is to use data from a small sample. The proposed feature extraction algorithm based on the bilinear convolutional neurological network (BCNN) is based on a small sample of data. BCNN involves the simultaneous extraction of highly discriminative cross-sectional features from the input image using two parallel subnetworks. By optimizing the algorithm to minimize losses, the two subnetworks can be supervised by each other, improving the performance of the network and obtaining accurate recognition results without spending a lot of time adjusting parameters. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) levels of cerebral oxygen metabolism were compared between the two groups before (T0), after (T1), immediately after (T2), and after intubation (T3). In the observation group, MAP and HR values at T3, arterial-internal jugular vein bulb oxygen difference [

D

a
−
j
v

O

2

] at T1, T2, and T3, cerebral oxygen uptake (

CEO

2

) levels, and postawakening agitation scores were lower than those of the control group during the same period (

P
<
0.05

).
Evidence for ABL Amplification in Multiple Myeloma and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Huang He , Zhou Shuping , Lin Hongdou , Guo Wenjian , Lin Ying , Yao Ronxin , He Licai , Yu Kang , Li Qian
Published: March 2022

Background. Cytogenetic abnormalities are considered initiating events in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) and are assumed to be of clinical significance. Methods. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze chromosomal architecture in 101 patients with MM. We evaluated overall patient survival and assessed the cytotoxicity of imatinib against MM cells using a CCK8 assay. Results. ABL gene amplification was detected in 67 patients (66.3%). However, ABL gene amplification was not associated with clinical features, cytogenetic abnormalities (c-Myc amplification, IGH rearrangement, RB1 deletion, p53 deletion, or 1q21 amplification), or overall survival. ABL amplification in MM cell lines (LP-1 and U266) was revealed by FISH. Furthermore, the ABL protein was easily detectable in MM cell lines and some tumor cells by western blotting. A CCK8 assay indicated limited cytotoxicity of imatinib against MM cells. Conclusions. Our study firstly discussed ABL gene amplification was prevalent in MM cells, and we believe that the ABL gene would potentially be a useful target in the treatment of combination strategy for MM with ABL amplification in the future.
Implementing Machine Learning for Supply-Demand Shifts and Price Impacts in Farmer Market for Tool and Equipment Sharing
Authors: Rakhra Manik , Bhargava Amitabh , Bhargava Deepshikha , Singh Ramandeep , Bhanot Astha , Rahmani Abdul Wahab
Published: March 2022

Several industries have recently seen the replacement of human labor by automated machinery and equipment. Across the globe, farmers’ attitudes on the use of technology in agriculture are divergent. However, although some people are excited and ready to embrace technology, others are cautious and wary of trying new technologies for the first time. The third category is particularly prevalent in underdeveloped nations such as India, owing to a lack of competence, a lack of effective translation, and most crucially, a lack of financial resources. It is fruitless for the government to attempt to resolve these difficulties due to the fact that they do not take into consideration the changing circumstances and input needs of each agricultural group. Smart Tillage is a cutting-edge framework that was developed to solve the challenges listed above. In India, a decision-based smart engine for the rental and sharing of tools and equipment has been developed, which leverages machine learning methods to proceed towards a selection of tools and equipment. The option is entirely reliant on a variety of input variables, including crop kind, harvest time/month, crop equipment needed, harvest type, and the amount of money available for rental. Additionally, an ideal recommendation engine driven by content and collaborative-based filtering will provide the farmer’s requirements depending on their requirements. In terms of escalation, the proposals would be cost-effective and excellent since they would need little changes in training, technique improvements, and resource management via a new rent-share model similar to that used by Uber. In this work, demand and supply algorithms are used to define market equilibrium, and the results are shown in graphs. This includes discussion of a variety of demand and supply parameters, their impact on market equilibrium prices and quantities, and their effect on shifting demand and supply curves. The many sorts of elasticities (demand, cross-price, supply, income, and so on) are examined, as well as the ramifications for pricing systems that may result from these elasticities.
Model of Overlying Strata Structure in Large Mining Height Excavating Condition and Calculation of Support Working Resistance
Authors: Wu Fengfeng , Yue Xin , Yang Jingxuan , Du Beiju , Zhang Jian , Lv Bo
Published: March 2022

Aiming at the wide range of rock strata movement and collapse, poor stability and high damage rate of the working face support and being prone to crushing of the support in large mining height face, analog simulation, theoretical analysis, and field measurements have been carried out to analyze roof breaking structure form and calculation method of support reasonable support resistance of large mining height face. The researches show that, affected by the space of the mined-out area, the roof of the large mining height working face will take on the structural form of “combined suspended beam-nonhinged roof-hinged roof”; the interaction system between the support and the surrounding rock consists of “hinged roof structure,” “nonhingeable roof structure,” “combined suspension beam structure,” and the support. The support resistance should adapt to the change of the overlying rock structure’s instability movement, bearing the weight of the structure itself and the additional load generated by the movement. Combining with the mining conditions of Jinhuagong Coal Mine’s large mining height face in Datong mining area, the reasonable support resistance of the working face support is analyzed. The mine pressure monitoring shows that the ZZ13000/28/60 type support and shield hydraulic support can meet the requirements of roof control; the research results ensure the safe mining of the large mining height face.
No Evidence for a Causal Link between Serum Uric Acid and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease from the Dongfeng-Tongji Cohort Study
Authors: Tang Yuhan , Xu Yanyan , Liu Peiyi , Liu Cheng , Zhong Rong , Yu Xiao , Xiao Lin , Du Min , Yang Ling , Yuan Jing , Wang Youjie , Chen Weihong , Wei Sheng , Liang Yuan , Zhang Xiaomin , Wu Tangchun , He Meian , Miao Xiaoping , Yao Ping
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims. Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, whether this association is causal is undetermined. Methods. Each participant from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study based on 27,009 retirees was interviewed face-to-face following a clinical examination. Covariance, logistic regression analysis, and instrumental variables were used to assess associations between SUA and (severity of) NAFLD and the causal link. Results. Among 8,429 subjects free of NAFLD at baseline, 2,007 participants developed NAFLD after 5 years of follow-up. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for NAFLD for individuals in the fourth quartile of SUA level versus those in the first was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.45-2.01,

P

for trend <0.001) and was more dramatic in women or normal-weight persons. Furthermore, SUA was materially associated with greater mean markers of hepatic necroinflammation and greater probabilities of fibrosis. In genetic analyses, both single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs11722228 to SLC2A9 and rs2231142 to ABCG2) were pronouncedly associated with increased SUA concentrations, ranging from 0.19 to 0.22 mg/dl. No significant associations were observed between SNPs and potential confounders. No association was observed between the SUA-increasing allele and NAFLD, with an OR of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.90-1.08) per genetic score. This was not significantly different (

P
=
0.25

) from what was expected (1.03, 95% CI: 1.03-1.03). Conclusions. SUA was positively associated with NAFLD incidence especially in female and normal-weight individuals and the suspected progression risk of newly developed NAFLD. However, the Mendelian randomization analyses lend no causal evidence, suggesting high SUA as a marker and not a cause of NAFLD.
Study on Behavior and Bearing Capacity Computation Method of Shallow Rock-Socketed Short Piles Based on the Self-Balanced Loading Test
Authors: Liu Junxiu , Shao Xianfeng , Huang Xuhui , Cao Guangyong
Published: March 2022

The self-balanced loading test is a state-of-art pile testing method, but its suitability to pile bearing capacity determination in transformer substation engineering in mountainous and hilly areas is not yet clear. In this study, a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model is established by the PLAXIS software to simulate the behavior and bearing mechanism of shallow rock-socketed short piles based on the self-balanced loading test. The model is first validated by simulating the field tests of two adjacent piles under self-balanced loading. Then the influence factors of the load-displacement curves of piles are analyzed. Thereafter, the mechanical mechanism of the self-balanced loading tests is simulated and compared with the conventional static loading tests. It is observed that the rock modulus, rock-socketed depth of piles, and burial depth of the Osterberg Cell affect the load-displacement significantly, but the cohesion of the rocks affects little. Moreover, compared with the conventional static loading tests, the shear stress of the pile-soil interface distributes less uniformly under self-balanced loading conditions. On this basis, a bearing capacity computation method of shallow rock-socketed short piles based on the self-balanced loading test is proposed.
A Combined Weighting Model Based on Maximizing Deviation for Multiple Attribute Decision-Making
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2022

Multiattribute decision-making is an important part of decision-making theory and modern scientific decision-making. It is widely used in engineering design, economic management, and so on. It is an important part of modern decision science to sort decision objects when considering multiple attributes. Due to time pressure and lack of understanding of decision-making problems, it is difficult for decision makers to accurately express judgment information. Decision-makers’ judgment information is more suitable to be expressed by intuitionistic fuzzy sets rather than deterministic numbers or linguistic variables. In the multiattribute decision-making problem, the size of attribute weight reflects the relative importance of each attribute. The research on attribute weight determination method is one of the core problems of multiattribute decision-making. Whether it is the subjective weighting method, the objective weighting method, or the combined weighting method, the research mainly focuses on deterministic multiattribute decision-making, mostly transforming fuzzy information into deterministic information for decision-making, which will lose a lot of information. Due to the differences of objective information data, a combined weighting method in different cases was proposed in this study. The original weight information and the prior information of standardized evaluation can be fully utilized in this model. The results indicate that when decision makers have preferences for different weighting methods, the combined weighting method can be determined according to the preference information of decision makers.
[Retracted] Gauging the Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Modeling in Response to the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hassan Afshan , Prasad Devendra , Rani Shalli , Alhassan Musah
Published: March 2022

While the world continues to grapple with the devastating effects of the SARS‐nCoV‐2 virus, different scientific groups, including researchers from different parts of the world, are trying to collaborate to discover solutions to prevent the spread of the COVID‐19 virus permanently. Henceforth, the current study envisions the analysis of predictive models that employ machine learning techniques and mathematical modeling to mitigate the spread of COVID‐19. A systematic literature review (SLR) has been conducted, wherein a search into different databases, viz., PubMed and IEEE Explore, fetched 1178 records initially. From an initial of 1178 records, only 50 articles were analyzed completely. Around (64%) of the studies employed data‐driven mathematical models, whereas only (26%) used machine learning models. Hybrid and ARIMA models constituted about (5%) and (3%) of the selected articles. Various Quality Evaluation Metrics (QEM), including accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, Brier‐score, F1‐score, RMSE, AUC, and prediction and validation cohort, were used to gauge the effectiveness of the studied models. The study also considered the impact of Pfizer‐BioNTech (BNT162b2), AstraZeneca (ChAd0x1), and Moderna (mRNA‐1273) on Beta (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2) viral variants and the impact of administering booster doses given the evolution of viral variants of the virus.
Durvalumab as Consolidation Therapy in Post-Multimodal Interventional Treatment for Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Li Yuanming , Guo Runqi
Published: March 2022

With 2.1 million unique cases of lung tumors and 1.8 million mortalities in China, advanced solid tumors continue to be the primary source of cancer mortality rates. Nearly two-thirds of lung cancer individuals display advanced-stage tumors at the time of testing, with a 5-year survival ratio of 7%. People with advanced solid tumors have an appalling outcome, with a 5-year total survival ratio of roughly 15%. Immunotherapy inhibitors, like those for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have ushered in a novel period in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Three resistant medications were authorized for advanced solid tumors: nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab. Durvalumab, an anti-PD-L1 antigen, is currently being researched. Durvalumab’s pharmacologic characteristics, clinical efficacy, and security as consolidation therapy in post-multimodal interventional therapies for people with advanced solid tumors are discussed in this paper. We have also shared details of two patients who were identified with advanced solid tumors and were provided with durvalumab medication. The performance measures like Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS), and Overall Response Rate (ORR) are also contrasted for different antibodies. The research findings imply that durvalumab consolidation therapy is a cost-efficient therapy, while health policymakers should address the financial consequences.
Clinical Observation of Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty with Number of Laser Shots in the Treatment of Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Ma Cheng , Liu Zengye , Zhao Wei , Hei Luning , Yao Shuang
Published: March 2022

Objective. To quantitatively study the intraocular pressure (IOP) control and chamber angle opening degree of patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma (stage of attack) treated by laser peripheral iridoplasty (LPIP) with different numbers of laser shots, and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different numbers of laser shots. Methods. Fifty-five patients (60 eyes) with acute angle-closure glaucoma treated in our hospital from May 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the research subjects. All patients had poor intraocular pressure control (≥40 mmHg) after IOP-lowering drug therapy. The patients were randomly divided into three groups, 20 eyes in each group, and underwent laser peripheral iridoplasty (LPIP) with different numbers of laser shots (group I: 35 laser shots, group II: 45 laser shots, and group III: 60 laser shots). The best-corrected visual acuity, IOP, corneal condition, and opening degree of anterior chamber angle (ACA), namely, the trabecular-iris angle (TIA), angle opening distance at 500 μm (AOD500), and complications of patients before LPIP, 2 hours after LPIP, and 24 hours after LPIP were observed, and the opening degree of ACA were quantitatively measured. Results. The corrected visual acuity of the three groups after LPIP was improved to varying degrees, and the IOP decreased, TIA and AOD500 were increased compared with those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. There were statistically significant differences between group II and group I

P
<
0.05

. Four eyes in group I underwent LPIP again due to increased IOP. In group III, iris hemorrhage occurred in one eye and iris depigmentation occurred in one eye, and there was no statistical difference compared with group II

P
>
0.05

. Conclusions. LPIP can effectively reduce preoperative IOP and increase ACA width in patients with persistent high IOP that failed to respond to drug therapy, and moderate numbers of laser shots can achieve satisfactory results and highest safety.
Increased PPARD Expression May Play a Protective Role in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yong , Mi Yedong , Qin Zhonghua , Jiang Xuewei , Shan Yibo , Kural Kamil , Yu Guiping
Published: March 2022

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ, encoded by gene PPARD, is overexpressed in a majority of human lung cancer subtypes, but its role in the tumor progression remains poorly understood. We have analyzed the expression of PPARD in lung adenocarcinoma (LA) and squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) datasets. The potential roles of PPARD in the pathological development of LA and LSCC were explored through literature-based pathway analysis and pathway enrichment analysis. In all LA datasets (

N
=
11

) and in seven out of nine LSCC studies, the levels of PPARD were increased as compared to control tissues (log-fold changes were

0.37
±
0.20

and

0.10
±
0.37

for LA and LSCC, respectively). On average, the expression levels of PPARD in LA were higher than those in LSCC (

p
=
0.036

). Pathway analysis showed that the overexpression of PPARD might play both positive and negative roles in the development of both LA and LSCC. Specifically, PPARD inhibits seven LSCC promoters and seven LA promoters and activates one LSCC inhibitor and another LA inhibitor. However, PPARD also activates six and one promoters of LA and LSCC, respectively, which would facilitate the development of LA/LSCC. Our results suggested a mixed role of PPARD in LA/LSCC, which may add new insights into the understanding of the PPARD-lung cancer relationship.
Motion Fatigue State Detection Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Li Hu , Wang Yabo , Nan Yao
Published: March 2022

Aiming at the problem of fatigue state detection at the back of sports, a cascade deep learning detection system structure is designed, and a convolutional neural network fatigue state detection model based on multiscale pooling is proposed. Firstly, face detection is carried out by a deep learning model MTCNN to extract eye and mouth regions. Aiming at the problem of eye and mouth state representation and recognition, a multiscale pooling model (MSP) based on RESNET  is proposed to train the eye and mouth state. In real-time detection, the state of the eye and mouth region is recognized through the trained convolution neural network model. Finally, the athlete’s fatigue is determined based on PERCLOS and the proposed mouth opening and closing frequency (FOM). The experimental results show that in the training process, we set the batch_size = 100 and the initial learning rate = 0.01. When the evaluation index is no longer improved, the learning rate is reduced by 10 times to 0.001, and a total of 50 epochs are trained. The precision and recall of the system are high. Compared with the infrared image simulating the night state, the RGB image taken by the ordinary camera in the daytime has higher precision and recall. It is proven that the neural network has high detection accuracy, meets the real-time requirements, and has high robustness in complex environments.
Thyroid Cancer-Associated Mitochondrial DNA Mutation G3842A Promotes Tumorigenicity via ROS-Mediated ERK1/2 Activation
Authors: Chen Sixi , Bao Xinzhu , Chen Hongzhi , Jia Manli , Li Wen , Zhang Luyi , Fan Runxiao , Fang Hezhi , Jin Liqin
Published: March 2022

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been identified in various human cancers, including thyroid cancer. However, the relationship between mtDNA and thyroid cancer remains unclear. Previous studies by others and us strongly suggested that mtDNA mutations in complex I may participate in thyroid cancer processes according to sequencing results of thyroid cancer tissue, although the associated pathogenic processes remain unknown. Here, to investigate whether mtDNA mutations contribute to thyroid cancer, we reanalyzed our sequencing results and characterized thyroid cancer-associated mutations in the mitochondrial complex. The results identified the highest mutation frequencies in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene (ND4) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI), which also harbored the highest rates of

G
>
A

substitutions, with most of the mutations resulting in changes in the polarity of amino acids. We then established cybrids containing the G3842A mutation identified in papillary thyroid carcinoma, which revealed it as a mutation in NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene (ND1) and is previously reported in follicular thyroid carcinoma, thereby suggesting a possibly pathogenic role in thyroid carcinoma. Additionally, we found that the G3842A mutation accelerates tumorigenicity and decreases the abundance and activity of mitochondrial complex I, the oxygen consumption rate, and adenosine triphosphate levels. By contrast, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling, which contributed to tumorigenicity. These findings suggest for the first time that mtDNA mutations help drive tumor development and that G3842A may represent a new risk factor for thyroid cancer. Furthermore, our findings indicate that drugs targeting ROS and ERK1/2 may serve as a viable therapeutic strategy for thyroid cancer.
RNA Helicase DHX37 Facilitates Liver Cancer Progression by Cooperating with PLRG1 to Drive Superenhancer-Mediated Transcription of Cyclin D1
Authors: Liu Zhen , Ye Youqiong , Liu Yizhe , Liu Yanfang , Chen Huifang , Shen Mengting , Wang Zhen , Huang Shenglin , Han Leng , Chen Zhiao , He Xianghuo
Published: March 2022

RNA helicases are dysregulated in tumors. Here, we identified DHX37 as one of the top RNA helicase genes with upregulated expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DHX37 promoted proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Epigenomic profiling of DHX37-knockdown and control HCC cells revealed that DHX37 is associated with superenhancer activity. Mechanistically, DHX37 interacted with pleiotropic regulator 1 (PLRG1) to transcriptionally activate cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression via co-occupation of its promoter and superenhancer elements. DHX37 and PLRG1 promoted liver cancer cell proliferation and contributed to the poor prognosis of patients with HCC. Importantly, CCND1 inhibitors were effective as antiproliferative agents for liver cancer. These results together demonstrate a cooperative mechanistic interaction between DHX37 and PLRG1 that regulates CCND1 expression and promotes liver cancer progression, advancing our understanding of the epigenetic and transcriptional dysregulations mediated by RNA helicases and superenhancers in HCC.

Significance:

This work characterizes a novel mechanism of superenhancer-driven cyclin D1 upregulation by DHX37 and PLRG1, implicating this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Role of Prostaglandin E2 in the Progression of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Wilson David Jay , DuBois Raymond N.
Published: March 2022

Chronic inflammation is a well-established risk factor for several diseases, including cancer. It influences tumor cell biology and the type and density of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting cancer development. While proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines modulate cancer development, emerging evidence has shown that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a known mediator connecting chronic inflammation to cancerization. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of how the elevation of PGE2 production promotes gastrointestinal cancer initiation, progression, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence, including modulation of immune checkpoint signaling and the type and density of immune cells in the tumor/tissue microenvironment.
The Combined Use of Neuropsychiatric and Neuropsychological Assessment Tools to Make a Differential Dementia Diagnosis in the Presence of “Long-Haul” COVID-19
Authors: Light Sharee N.
Published: March 2022

The longer term neurocognitive/neuropsychiatric consequences of moderate/severe COVID-19 infection have not been explored. The case herein illustrates a complex web of differential diagnosis. The onset, clinical trajectory, treatment course/response, serial neuroimaging findings, and neuropsychological test data were taken into account when assessing a patient presenting 8 months post-COVID-19 (with premorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, diabetes mellitus, mood difficulties, and a positive family history of vascular dementia). Her acute COVID-19 infection was complicated by altered mental status associated with encephalopathy and bacterial pneumonia. After recovery from COVID-19, the patient continues to experience persisting cognitive and emotive difficulties despite an ongoing psychopharmacotherapy regimen (16 + years), psychotherapy (15 + sessions), and speech-language pathology SLP; 2 × week/for 12 weeks). The purpose of her most recent and comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was to determine the presence/absence of neurocognitive disorder. The patient is a 62-year-old Caucasian woman. Cognitive screening was completed 3 months post-acute COVID-19 as part of an SLP evaluation, and a full neuropsychological evaluation was conducted 8 months post-COVID-19 recovery on an outpatient basis (in person). The patient had serial neuroimaging. Initial neurological evaluation during acute COVID-19 included unremarkable brain computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging. However, follow-up CT (without contrast) revealed, in part, “asymmetric perisylvian atrophy on the left.” Full neuropsychological evaluation at 8 months post-COVID-19 recovery revealed a dysexecutive syndrome characterized by language dysfunction and affective theory-of-mind deficit, consistent with dementia. There is need for careful use of differential diagnosis in COVID-19 patients with multiple risk factors that make them more susceptible to long-term neurological complications post-COVID-19. Differential diagnosis should involve multidisciplinary assessment (e.g., neuropsychology, SLP, neurology, and psychiatry).
Hodgkin Lymphoma on Hemodialysis Successfully Treated with Extended Courses of Brentuximab Vedotin
Authors: Uchimura Ayana , Yasuda Hajime , Ando Jun , Ota Yasunori , Sasaki Makoto , Takaku Tomoiku , Tsukune Yutaka , Tsutsui Miyuki , Edahiro Yoko , Watanabe Naoki , Ochiai Tomonori , Komatsu Norio , Ando Miki
Published: March 2022

Chemotherapy for hemodialysis (HD) patients is a challenging situation because HD patients are generally frail, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of most chemotherapeutics in HD patients are unknown. We report a classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patient successfully treated with 34 courses of brentuximab vedotin (BV) monotherapy, of which 30 courses were carried out during HD. Although grade 2 peripheral sensory neuropathy and one occasion of febrile neutropenia were observed, treatment was well-tolerated overall and effective. This is the first report of successful BV administration in a cHL patient on HD, and also the first to report efficacy and safety of extended courses of BV in an HD patient. Treatment options for cHL in the HD patient are limited, and extended courses of BV monotherapy may be an optimal treatment approach for some patients.
Candida-Pneumonie: Ein harmloser Zuschauer oder ein leiser Mörder?
Authors: Meena Durga Shankar , Kumar Deepak
Published: March 2022

Die invasive Candidose tritt vor allem bei immungeschwächten Patienten auf und ist mit einer hohen Mortalität verbunden. Das klinische Spektrum der invasiven Candidose umfasst die Candidämie und die disseminierte Infektion (intraabdominaler Abszess, Osteomyelitis, Endophthalmitis und Candida-Meningitis). Die Existenz der Candida-Pneumonie wurde im Laufe der Jahre aufgrund ihrer Seltenheit und der häufigen Besiedlung stark diskutiert. Der Nachweis von Candida-Spezies durch eine Lungenbiopsie zusammen mit Evidenz für eine Entzündung ist die einzige Möglichkeit, dieses Krankheitsbild zu bestätigen. Die Interpretation von Candida in Proben der Atemwege und die Entscheidung, eine antimykotische Therapie einzuleiten, ist aufgrund des Mangels an klinischer Evidenz umstritten. In diesem Kurzüberblick werden die derzeit verfügbaren klinischen Daten aus der Literatur zur Candida-Pneumonie und die zukünftigen Perspektiven hinsichtlich der Notwendigkeit einer antimykotischen Therapie bei solchen Patienten behandelt.
A Role for Histone Deacetylases in the Biology and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Bonomi Robin E. , Girgenti Matthew , Krystal John H. , Cosgrove Kelly P.
Published: March 2022

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a prevalent disorder within the USA and worldwide with a yearly diagnosis rate of 2–4% and affecting women more than men. One of the primary methods for study of this stress disorder relies on animal models as there are few noninvasive methods and few replicated peripheral biomarkers for use in humans. One area of active research in psychiatric neuroscience is the field of epigenetics – how the chemical modifications of the genetic code regulate behavior. The dynamic changes in histone acetylation and deacetylation in the brain are not fully reflected by the study of peripheral biomarker. In this review, we aim to examine the role of histone acetylation and deacetylation in memory formation and fear memory learning. The studies discussed here focus largely on the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in animal models of trauma and fear response. Many studies used HDAC inhibitors to elucidate the effects after inhibition of these enzymes after trauma or stress. These studies of memory processing and cued fear extinction in animal can often shed light on human disorders of cued fear responses and memory dysregulation after stress or trauma such as in PTSD. These results provide strong evidence for a role of these enzymes in PTSD in humans. The few clinical studies that exist with HDAC inhibitors also suggest a fundamental role of these enzymes in the neurobiology of the stress response. Further study of these enzymes in both clinical and pre-clinical settings may help elucidate the neurobiology of stress-related pathology like PTSD and provide a foundation for novel therapy to treat these disorders.
Will a Partial Posterior Annuloplasty Ring Prevent Acute Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation?
Authors: Timek Tomasz A. , Dagum Paul , Lai David T. , Tibayan Frederick , Liang David , Daughters George T. , Hayase Motoya , Ingels Neil B. , Miller D. Craig
Published: March 2022

Background

Acute posterolateral ischemia in sheep results in ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). While complete ring annuloplasty prevents acute IMR, partial annuloplasty rings may offer a more physiologic repair, but are untested in animal models of IMR.

Methods

Radiopaque markers were placed on the LV, mitral annulus (MA), and leaflets in 13 sheep. Seven sheep served as controls, and 6 had a St. Jude Tailor partial flexible ring implanted (29 mm in 5, 31 mm in 1). After 8±1 day, the animals were studied with biplane videofluoroscopy and echocardiography before and during acute posterolateral LV ischemia (balloon occlusion of circumflex artery). Mitral annular area (MAA), septal-lateral annular diameter (SL), annular perimeters, and leaflet edge separation were calculated from 3-D marker coordinates.

Results

The average degree of mitral regurgitation increased from 0.0±0.0 to 2.1±0.7 (
P
=0.0006) in the control group during acute ischemia but remained unchanged in the Tailor group (0.1±0.2 for both conditions). The change in MAA throughout the cardiac cycle before ischemia was 17±4% in control animals, but only 5±2% (
P
=0.0002) in the Tailor ring group. Unlike the control animals, there was no increase in MAA (5.4±0.8 and 5.5±0.7 cm
2
, respectively; p=NS) nor dilatation of the muscular annulus (6.2±0.3 and 6.2±0.4, respectively; p=NS) during ischemia with the Tailor ring. Mitral SL dimension increased slightly with ischemia (2.3±0.2 versus 2.2±0.2 cm,
P
=0.03). Although posterior leaflet motion was limited, as observed with complete rings, normal annular flexion was maintained with the Tailor ring before and during acute ischemia.

Conclusions

The Tailor partial annuloplasty ring prevented acute IMR probably by limiting SL diameter dilatation during acute ischemia. In this animal model of acute IMR, a partial, flexible posterior annuloplasty ring is as effective as a complete ring.