bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny, systematics and evolution of calling songs of the Lebinthini crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopterinae), with description of two new genera
Authors: Tan Ming Kai , Malem Julien , Legendre Frédéric , Dong Jiajia , Baroga‐Barbecho Jessica B. , Yap Sheryl A. , Wahab Rodzay bin Haji Abdul , Japir Razy , Chung Arthur Y. C. , Robillard Tony
Published: August 2021

The Lebinthini crickets are distributed in Southeast Asia, Western Pacific and tropical South America. They represent more than half of the described species in the subfamily Eneopterinae. These crickets are morphologically and behaviorally diverse, varying in body size, wing morphology (ranging from brachypterous to fully winged) and acoustic signals. They also have a distinctive communication system: high‐frequency calling, vibratory signalling, duetting, and lack of phonotaxis in females. To investigate how these traits evolved and diversified, a clear phylogenetic context is needed with taxonomic and biological data for as many species as possible. Since 2010, the numbers of known species and genera in the tribe have grown considerably, but the type genus Lebinthus and the tribe classification lacked a general revision based on phylogenetic inferences. In this paper, we study the systematics of the Lebinthini and present new phylogenetic results confirming the monophyly of Lebinthini and the relationships established by previous studies. The phylogeny allows us to define three monophyletic subtribes within the Lebinthini with clear morphological features and distribution areas: Cardiodactylina subtribe n., Lebinthina subtribe n., and Ligypterina subtribe n. We also redefine Lebinthus and described two new genera related to Lebinthus, Falcerminthus gen.nov., and Fadinthus gen.nov., each characterized by clear‐cut morphological, anatomical, and acoustic features. Using ancestral state reconstructions, we investigate the evolution of the diverse calling songs in Lebinthini. We demonstrate that both trills and monosyllabic calls were acquired multiple times instead of evolving from simple to complex temporal patterns as suggested from previous studies. We also find that temporal traits and the dominant frequency evolve in a very dynamic way, and that the harmonic of the call, i.e., the dominant frequency, seems to undergo diversification in the subtribe Lebinthina.
A Fusion Method Based on EEMD, Pearson Correlation Analysis, Improved LSTM, and Gaussian Function-Trust Region Algorithm for State of Health Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Peng Xiongbin , Li Yuwu
Published: August 2021

Aiming at the phenomenon of battery capacity regeneration, which leads to inaccurate prediction of lithium-ion battery state of health (SOH), a new fusion method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), Pearson correlation analysis (PCA), and improved long short-term memory (LSTM) network and Gaussian function-trust region (GS-TR) algorithm is introduced to predict battery SOH. First, the EEMD method is adopted to process the battery SOH data to eliminate the impact of capacity recovery. Second, the decomposed data signals are classified by the PCA method, and the signals classified as high frequency and low frequency are respectively predicted by the improved LSTM algorithm and the GS-TR algorithm. Finally, the prediction results of the improved LSTM and GS-TR algorithms are integrated. The proposed fusion method avoids the complexity of the hybrid neural network model and improves the prediction efficiency. Based on the average results of the three data sets from NASA, the RMSE result of the proposed algorithm is reduced by 9.56% compared with the improved LSTM with the EEMD algorithm and 37.57% compared with the improved LSTM without the EEMD algorithm. The results show that the proposed method has higher adaptability and prediction accuracy.
Mineral Oil Immersion Cooling of Lithium-Ion Batteries: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Trimbake Amol , Singh Chandra Pratap , Krishnan Shankar
Published: August 2021

Effective thermal management of high power density batteries is essential for battery performance, life, and safety. This paper experimentally investigates direct mineral oil jet impingement cooling of the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack. For the first time, experimental results of mineral oil-based cooling of batteries are reported. Both charging and discharging characteristics on temperature uniformity and of a Li-ion pack are considered. Temperature uniformity among cells, as well as within individual cells, is experimentally measured. As a baseline, cooling of the battery pack by free-convective airflow is also reported. Two different jetting configurations: (a) submerged jet and (b) direct-jet impingement are considered. For the highest charge-discharge rates considered (2C charge and 3C discharge), mineral oil nearly maintains uniform skin temperature among the cells (less than 1 °C) as well as within the cell. Based on the results obtained, modular jet oil cooling is an excellent cooling solution of lithium-ion packs applicable to stationary electrical storage and transportation applications.
Improved Design and Dynamics Characteristics Research of a Composite Percussion Drilling Tool
Authors: Tian Jialin , Yang Haili , Dai Liming , Yang Yinglin , Song Haolin
Published: August 2021

Internal motion and dynamics mechanism studies of a new composite percussion drilling tool aim at reducing stick-slip phenomenon and improving rock breaking efficiency. In this study, experiments are performed using composite percussion drilling tools to investigate its torsional and axial composite impact performance. According to the experimental results, a six degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) rigid body motion model was established to study the passive motion of a torsional hammer. The obtained results, including the tangential acceleration, were verified with experimental data, and the small pressure differences between the high and low pressure areas, which mainly determined by the inlet structure, is the main reason for the poor torsional impact effects. Based on these discoveries, the improved design increases the inlet flow to 17.2% of the total, the pressure differences to 0.05 MPa, and the instantaneous tangential acceleration to 0.198 m/s2, which results in increased tangential acceleration fluctuation amplitude by 1137.5% and greatly improved torsional impact performance. This research can provide a baseline for stick-slip reduction technology optimization.
Dislocation Mechanics of Extremely High Rate Deformations in Iron and Tantalum
Authors: Shehadeh M. A. , El Ters P. , Armstrong R. W. , Arnold W.
Published: August 2021

High strain rate simulations were performed using the multiscale dislocation dynamic plasticity (MDDP) method to calculate different rise times and load durations in mimicking high deformation rate shock or isentropic (ramp) testing of α-iron and tantalum crystals. The focus for both types of loading on both materials was on the inter-relationship between the (dislocation-velocity-related) strain rate sensitivity and the (time-dependent) evolution of dislocation density. The computations are compared with model thermal activation strain rate analysis (TASRA), phonon drag, and dislocation-generation predictions. The overall comparison of simulated tests and previous experimental measurements shows that the imposition of a rise time even as small as 0.2 ns preceding plastic relaxation via the MDDP method is indicative of relatively weak shock behavior.
Ductile Fracture in Plane Stress
Authors: Torki Mohammad , Benzerga Ahmed Amine
Published: August 2021

A micromechanics-based ductile fracture initiation theory is developed and applied for high-throughput assessment of ductile failure in plane stress. A key concept is that of inhomogeneous yielding such that microscopic failure occurs in bands with the driving force being a combination of band-resolved normal and shear tractions. The new criterion is similar to the phenomenological Mohr–Coulomb model, but the sensitivity of fracture initiation to the third stress invariant constitutes an emergent outcome of the formulation. Salient features of a fracture locus in plane stress are parametrically analyzed. In particular, it is shown that a finite shear ductility cannot be rationalized based on an isotropic theory that proceeds from first principles. Thus, the isotropic formulation is supplemented with an anisotropic model accounting for void rotation and shape change to complete the prediction of a fracture locus and compare with experiments. A wide body of experimental data from the literature is explored, and a simple procedure for calibrating the theory is outlined. Comparisons with experiments are discussed in some detail.
Theoretical Limits in Detachment Strength for Axisymmetric Bi-Material Adhesives
Authors: Benvidi Farid H. , Bacca Mattia
Published: August 2021

Reversible dry adhesives rely on short-ranged intermolecular bonds, hence requiring a low elastic modulus to conform to the surface roughness of the adhered material. Under external loads, however, soft adhesives accumulate strain energy, which release drives the propagation of interfacial flaws prompting detachment. The trade-off between the required compliance, for surface conformity, and the desire for a reduced energy release rate, for better strength, can be achieved with a bi-material adhesive having a soft tip and a rigid backing (RB). This design strategy is widely observed in nature across multiple species. However, the detachment mechanisms of these adhesives are not completely understood and quantitative analysis of their adhesive strength is still missing. Based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), we analyze the strength of axisymmetric bi-material adhesives. We observed two main detachment mechanisms, namely (i) center crack propagation and (ii) edge crack propagation. If the soft tip is sufficiently thin, mechanism (i) dominates and provides stable crack propagation, thereby toughening the interface. We ultimately provide the maximum theoretical strength of these adhesives obtaining closed-form estimation for an incompressible tip. In some cases, the maximum adhesive strength is independent of the crack size, rendering the interface flaw tolerant. We finally compare our prediction with experiments in the literature and observe good agreement.
Molecular layer deposition of Nylon 2,6 polyamide polymer on flat and particle substrates in an isothermal enclosure containing a rotary reactor
Authors: Myers Tyler J. , George Steven M.
Published: August 2021

Polyamide thin films, designated Nylon 2,6, were grown on flat and particle substrates using molecular layer deposition (MLD) in a custom-built isothermal enclosure containing a rotary reactor. The polyamide films were grown using sequential exposures of ethylene diamine and adipoyl chloride. The reactor and precursors were contained in a fiberglass oven to keep all reactor components at the same temperature. A growth rate of 4.0 Å/cycle at 67 °C was determined on flat substrates with ex situ x-ray reflectivity and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The temperature dependence of the Nylon 2,6 displayed a peak growth rate at 67 °C with decreasing growth rates above and below this temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the polyamide film on flat substrates also revealed an elemental composition consistent with the Nylon 2,6 polymer with a small amount of chlorine in the film. The isothermal reactor allowed MLD to be performed consistently on high surface area particles at low temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed growth of the Nylon 2,6 films on ZrO2, cellulose, and metformin particles that was consistent with the growth on witness wafers. The growth of the Nylon 2,6 films was also linear versus the number of MLD cycles. The TEM images displayed reproducible MLD growth on particles of varying size and composition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were consistent with the expected characteristics of the Nylon 2,6 polyamide film. Nylon 2,6 MLD should find application when low-temperature MLD is needed to coat thermally sensitive substrates such as organic films or pharmaceutical powders.
Dietary Intake, Body Composition, and Clinical Parameters: Associations Between the Level and Type of Physical Activity in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Garagarza Cristina , Valente Ana , Caetano Cristina , Ramos Inês , Sebastião Joana , Pinto Mariana , Oliveira Telma , Ferreira Aníbal , Sousa Guerreiro Catarina
Published: August 2021

Background: Physical inactivity and muscle wasting potentiate each other and are highly prevalent among hemodialysis (HD) patients. The authors evaluated the association between physical activity (PA), clinical, nutritional, and body composition parameters in HD patients. Methods: Multicenter cross-sectional study with 581 HD patients. Clinical, body composition, dietary intake, and PA data were recorded. For the analysis, patients were divided into active (follow World Health Organization recommendations) and inactive groups. Results: A total of 20% of the patients followed World Health Organization recommendations on PA. Differences between physically active and physically inactive patients were observed in age, biochemical parameters and total body water, intracellular water, lean tissue index (LTI), body cell mass, energy, and protein intake. PA was a predictor of higher LTI, body cell mass, and energy intake independently of age, gender, presence of diabetes, dialysis adequacy, and dialysis vintage. Controlling for the effect of age, walking and vigorous PA were positively correlated with energy and protein intake. Vigorous PA was also positively correlated with LTI. Conclusion: The PA is a predictor of higher LTI, body cell mass, and energy intake. Vigorous PA is associated with an improved body composition and dietary pattern, whereas walking seems to be also associated with a favorable nutritional status.
A Survey of Applied Impact of Literature in Sport Psychology
Authors: Friesen Andrew P.
Published: August 2021

There has been an implied direct connection between the scholarly literature and applied practice. However, the sport and exercise psychology community is lacking an empirical account of what practitioners believe to have been the most impactful scholarly writings to their applied practice. The purpose of this study was to survey applied practitioners of their perceived most impactful scholarly writings to their professional practice. Surveys were returned from 532 participants solicited from the Association for Applied Sport Psychology membership, who were asked to identify their perceived most impactful book and journal article to their practice. Frequency statistics were calculated and presented for topic, type, title, author(s), year published, and journal. A total of 143 different books and 188 different articles across 84 different journals were reported. Implications for applied practice, teaching sport and exercise psychology, and research are presented.
Orbital angular momentum multiplication in plasmonic vortex cavities
Authors: Spektor Grisha , Prinz Eva , Hartelt Michael , Mahro Anna-Katharina , Aeschlimann Martin , Orenstein Meir
Published: August 2021

The reflection from structural boundaries is introduced as a new way to generate and control plasmonic vortices.
Cell therapy strategies for COVID-19: Current approaches and potential applications
Authors: Zaki Mark M. , Lesha Emal , Said Khaled , Kiaee Kiavash , Robinson-McCarthy Lindsey , George Haydy , Hanna Angy , Appleton Evan , Liu Songlei , Ng Alex H. M. , Khoshakhlagh Parastoo , Church George M.
Published: August 2021

Cell therapy has strong promise for treating COVID-19 survivors due to customizability, targetability, and regenerative function.
Adaptability of a Caproate-Producing Bacterium Contributes to Its Dominance in an Anaerobic Fermentation System
Authors: Wang Huilin , Gu Yang , Zhou Weicheng , Zhao Dong , Qiao Zongwei , Zheng Jia , Gao Jiangjing , Chen Xiang , Ren Cong , Xu Yan
Published: August 2021

The Chinese strong aroma-type liquor (
Baijiu
) fermentation environment is a typical medium-chain fatty acid-producing system with complex nutrients. Although several studies have revealed the correlation between microbial community composition and abiotic factors, the adaptation mechanisms of dominant species to abiotic environment are still unknown in this special anaerobic habitat.
Identification of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from Wound Cultures by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Improves Accuracy of Susceptibility Reporting at an Increase in Cost
Authors: Bibby Helen L. , Brown Kristen L.
Published: August 2021

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
can easily be mistaken for
Staphylococcus aureus
using phenotypic and rapid biochemical methods. We began confirming the identification of all coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from human wound cultures at our centralized laboratory, servicing both community and inpatients, with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry instead of using phenotypic and rapid biochemical tests, and determined the prevalence of
S. pseudintermedius
since the change in identification procedure and at what cost.
Role of the Chaperone Protein 14-3-3ε in the Regulation of Influenza A Virus-Activated Beta Interferon
Authors: Tam Ee-Hong , Liu Yen-Chin , Woung Chian-Huey , Liu Helene Minyi , Wu Guan-Hong , Wu Chih-Ching , Kuo Rei-Lin
Published: August 2021

Influenza A virus is an important human pathogen causing severe respiratory disease. The virus has evolved several strategies to dysregulate the innate immune response and facilitate its replication.
Lack of Interferon (IFN) Regulatory Factor 8 Associated with Restricted IFN-γ Response Augmented Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Tripathi Aarti , Singh Rawat Bhupendra , Addya Sankar , Surjit Milan , Tailor Prafullakumar , Vrati Sudhanshu , Banerjee Arup
Published: August 2021

Microglial cells, the resident macrophages in the brain, play a vital role in Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) pathogenesis. The deregulated activity of microglia can be lethal for the brain.
Evolution and Antigenic Advancement of N2 Neuraminidase of Swine Influenza A Viruses Circulating in the United States following Two Separate Introductions from Human Seasonal Viruses
Authors: Kaplan Bryan S. , Anderson Tavis K. , Chang Jennifer , Santos Jefferson , Perez Daniel , Lewis Nicola , Vincent Amy L.
Published: August 2021

Antibodies inhibiting the neuraminidase (NA) of IAV reduce clinical disease, virus shedding, and transmission, particularly in the absence of neutralizing immunity against hemagglutinin. To understand antibody recognition of the genetically diverse NA in U.S. swine IAV, we characterized the antigenic diversity of N2 from swine and humans.
Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I-Like Receptors Activate Snail To Limit RNA Viral Infections
Authors: Vedagiri Dhiviya , Gupta Divya , Mishra Anurag , Krishna Gayathri , Bhaskar Meenakshi , Sah Vishal , Basu Anirban , Nayak Debasis , Kalia Manjula , Valiya Veettil Mohanan , Harshan Krishnan Harinivas
Published: August 2021

RLRs sense viral genomic RNA or the double-stranded RNA intermediates and trigger the activation of type I IFNs. Snail transcription factor, commonly associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), has been reported to facilitate EMT in several viral infections.
Rotavirus Viroplasm Biogenesis Involves Microtubule-Based Dynein Transport Mediated by an Interaction between NSP2 and Dynein Intermediate Chain
Authors: Jing Zhaoyang , Shi Hongyan , Chen Jianfei , Shi Da , Liu Jianbo , Guo Longjun , Tian Jin , Wu Yang , Dong Hui , Ji Zhaoyang , Zhang Jiyu , Zhang Liaoyuan , Zhang Xin , Feng Li
Published: August 2021

Because the viroplasm is the viral factory for rotavirus replication, viroplasm formation undoubtedly determines the effective production of progeny rotavirus. Therefore, an understanding of the virus-host interactions involved in the biogenesis of the viroplasm is critical for the future development of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
A Novel SXT/R391 Integrative and Conjugative Element Carries Two Copies of the
bla
NDM-1
Gene in Proteus mirabilis
Authors: He Jintao , Sun Long , Zhang Linghong , Leptihn Sebastian , Yu Yunsong , Hua Xiaoting
Published: August 2021

The occurrence of carbapenemase-producing
Proteus mirabilis
, especially those strains producing NDM-1 and its variants, is a major public health concern worldwide. The integrative conjugative element (ICE) plays an important role in horizontal acquisition of resistance genes.
Revisiting Species Identification within the Enterobacter cloacae Complex by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Godmer Alexandre , Benzerara Yahia , Normand Anne Cécile , Veziris Nicolas , Gallah Salah , Eckert Catherine , Morand Philipe , Piarroux Renaud , Aubry Alexandra
Published: August 2021

Creation of a database of MALDI-TOF reference spectral profiles with a high number of representatives associated with the performant MSI software enables substantial improvement in identification of
E. cloacae
complex members. Moreover, this online database is available through a free online MSI application (
https://msi.happy-dev.fr/
).
Supplemental Material: Tunnel valley infill and genesis revealed by high-resolution 3-D seismic data
Authors: Kirkham James D. , al. et
Published: August 2021

High-resolution 3-D seismic data set resolution considerations and Figures S1 and S2.
Supplemental Material: Boninitic blueschists record subduction initiation and subsequent accretion of an arc–forearc in the northeast Proto-Tethys Ocean
Authors: Fu Dong , al. et
Published: August 2021

Supplemental text, Figures S1–S8, and Tables S1–S5.
Supplemental Material: Late Cenozoic tephrochronology of the Mount Diablo area within the evolving plate-tectonic boundary zone of northern California
Authors: Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M. , al. et
Published: August 2021

Terminology relating to tephra and tephra layer nomenclature, methods of sampling tephra in the field, laboratory treatment of tephra samples for analysis, methods of chemical analysis of tephra and radiometric dating (40Ar/39Ar), and methods of data evaluation
Supplemental Material: Global biotic events evident in the Paleogene marine strata of the eastern San Francisco Bay area, California
Authors: McDougall Kristin
Published: August 2021

Appendix S1: Taxonomic notes
Case of paediatric relapsing polychondritis with severe airway involvement: the challenges of long-term airway and respiratory management
Authors: Kothari Trishul , Valsamakis Theodoros , Sridhar Arani V , Ahmed Molla Imaduddin
Published: August 2021

We describe a case of a 15-year-old girl diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis (RP) with involvement of the tracheobronchial tree, resulting in an increased difficulty in breathing, hoarseness of voice and stridor.

Her case required the input of multiple specialities including ear, nose and throat, rheumatology, respiratory team and intensive care. Airway assessment and imaging showed glottic and subglottic stenosis and left bronchomalacia. Despite the use of steroids, cyclophosphamide and rituximab, her symptoms progressed and she was started on overnight non-invasive ventilation.

She had further relapses of her airway RP—she was started on adalimumab and methotrexate and underwent monthly balloon dilatations which helped with her symptoms and facilitated a safe discharge home. However, she had further relapses and intensive care admissions and following further discussions, a tracheostomy was inserted. She is now stable on her tracheostomy and is off any respiratory support.
Multidisciplinary team approach to diagnosing lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Okoh Magnus , Khan Rosina , Ahmad Nawaid
Published: August 2021

A 42-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was referred to the respiratory team due to shortness of breath on exertion and significant deterioration in pulmonary function tests. Her symptoms were progressively getting worse. This prompted a referral to the specialist team where further investigations were undertaken including a high-resolution CT scan followed by lung biopsy, which eventually revealed a diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Successful referral to the National LAM Centre in Nottingham provided the key therapeutic approach required to manage this rare condition. Diagnosing this rare condition was due to the multidisciplinary team approach, which involved input from the general practitioner, radiologist and respiratory consultant. The patient has been making good progress with pharmacological management.
Acute pulmonary embolism due to right basilic vein thrombosis
Authors: Chenna Swetha , Chippa Venu
Published: August 2021

A 40-year-old African-American woman presented to the emergency room (ER) with right upper extremity pain for 3 hours after sleeping overnight on that side. She was diagnosed with basilic vein thrombosis; in the ER, she was tachycardic with minimal ambulation, prompting CT pulmonary angiogram, which confirmed right-sided pulmonary embolism. Bilateral upper and lower extremity venous Dopplers did not show any acute deep venous thrombosis. She received appropriate anticoagulation. Risk factors are a smoker and recently started contraceptive pills.
Clinical clues to the early diagnosis and management of ocular surface neoplasia following keratoplasty in xeroderma pigmentosa
Authors: Chaurasia Sunita , Mishra Dilip Kumar
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this report is to highlight the early clinical signs and management of ocular surface neoplasia following penetrating keratoplasty in xeroderma pigmentosa. A 14-year-old girl reported increased conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, photophobia in the right eye at 6 months after penetrating keratoplasty that worsened rapidly over the subsequent 2 weeks. Slit lamp examination showed increased vascularity, epithelial haze and raised whitish lesions at the graft–host junction. Alcohol keratoepithelectomy was performed for confirming the diagnosis. Histology of the sample revealed severe dysplasia. The lesion resolved after surface plaque brachytherapy. The graft clarity was restored and maintained until the last follow-up of 15 months following brachytherapy. Exacerbated symptoms and clinical signs of increased vascularisation and epithelial lesions should arouse the suspicion of ocular surface neoplasia in grafted eyes. Early diagnosis and management can salvage the graft clarity.
Predictors of misperceptions, risk perceptions, and personal risk perceptions about COVID-19 by country, education and income
Authors: Bhuiya Tanzim , Klares Richard , Conte Madellena A , Cervia Joseph Steven
Published: August 2021

Government interventions, such as mandating the use of masks and social distancing, play crucial roles in controlling the spread of pandemic infection. Adherence depends on public perceptions about pandemic risk. The goal was to explore the roles of education, income, and country on misperceptions, risk perceptions and personal risk perceptions about COVID-19. Data were extracted from 3 preregistered surveys. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to investigate the roles country, education, and income had on outcome variables. Across the USA, Canada, and UK, individuals in the highest income quartile were significantly less likely to hold misperceptions (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.83) and to perceive personal risk (OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.75) regarding COVID-19 compared with individuals in the lowest income quartile. When comparing these income quartiles in the USA, the difference in perceived risk was heightened (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.57). Citizens of the UK were more likely to have risk perceptions compared with citizens of the USA (OR=1.50, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.88). Citizens of Canada were less likely to perceive personal risk compared with US citizens (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.69). Proper risk perception and understanding of COVID-19 are necessary for adherence to public health initiatives. The lowest income quartile was shown to have more misperceptions and personal risk perceptions across all 3 countries, highlighting the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 in this group. Our findings support the importance of education and income in affecting health perceptions and outcomes. Further research is needed to explore interventions to minimize misperceptions, accurately shape risk perception, and effectively communicate science.
Narrative review of neuraxial potassium chloride administration errors: clinical features, human factors, and prevention measures
Authors: Patel Santosh , Dexter Franklin
Published: August 2021

Background

Administration of the wrong drug via the epidural or intrathecal route can cause devastating consequences. Because of the commonality of potassium replacement therapy coupled to its potential neurotoxic profile, we suspected that injuries related to this drug error would be present in the literature.

Objectives

We aimed to identify clinical characteristics associated with the inadvertent administration of potassium chloride (KCl) during neuraxial anesthesia. Our secondary objective was to identify human factors that may have been associated.

Evidence review

Published reports of neuraxial administration of KCl in humans were searched using Medline and Google Scholar. Error reports in any language were included.

Findings

25 case reports/series reported administration of KCl via epidural (25 patients) or intrathecal routes (three patients). There were six cases during interventional pain procedures, five cases in operating rooms and 17 in wards or intensive care units. Neuraxial KCl caused paraplegia in 22 patients. Mechanical ventilation was instituted in 11 of 28 patients. Three patients died. Epidural (eight patients) and spinal (two patients) lavage were performed to minimize consequences. A correctly prepared KCl infusion was connected to the epidural catheter for nine patients on wards (32%; 95% upper confidence limit: 48%) due to epidural–intravenous line confusion. Among the other 19 errors, KCl was confused with normal saline for 13 patients or local anesthetic in three patients. A wide range of concentrations and doses of KCl were administered. Variable use of intravenous steroid (13 patients) and epidural saline (eight patients) was found among patients who received epidural KCl. Human factors identified included incorrect visual perception, inadequate monitoring of infusions and substandard practice related to neuraxial anesthesia or analgesia.

Conclusions

KCl administration via epidural or intrathecal route has been reported to cause catastrophic consequences.
Réponses adaptatives à un assèchement édaphique chez 3 provenances de chêne liège (Quercus suber)
Authors: Abassi Mejda , Zouaoui Refka , Hachani Chadlia , Béjaoui Zoubeir
Published: August 2021

Les effets du changement climatique induisent dans la région méditerranéenne la recrudescence d’évènements extrêmes comme la sécheresse accentuant la dégradation des écosystèmes forestiers de Quercus suber L. Des jeunes plants de 3 provenances tunisiennes de Q. suber (El Feija (EF), Ben Metir (BM) et Oued Zen (OZ)) ont été évalués pour leur tolérance au manque d’eau en les soumettant durant 90 jours à 3 régimes hydriques (S0, irrigation à 100 % de la capacité au champ (CC); S1, 50 % CC; S2, 25 % CC). De nombreuses variables ont été mesurées (croissance des tiges, surface foliaire, densité et dimension des trichomes et des stomates, échanges gazeux et concentration en chlorophylles). Le déficit hydrique a occasionné une réduction des variables écophysiologiques et une augmentation de la densité des stomates et des trichomes. Une variabilité intraspécifique a été enregistrée. Les plants EF et BM ont montré un indice de plasticité phénotypique supérieur à celui des plants OZ. La meilleure flexibilité vis-à-vis du stress hydrique s’est traduite chez les plants EF par une augmentation de l’efficience de l’utilisation de l’eau intrinsèque (EUEi) convertie en une croissance plus soutenue des tiges. Dans un contexte global de réchauffement climatique et de fragilité des forêts méditerranéennes, la réussite des nouveaux boisements de Q. suber exige le choix de provenances les plus adaptées à la faible disponibilité en eau à l’instar de la provenance EF.
Cost implications of cluster plot design choices for precise estimation of forest attributes in landscapes and forests of varying heterogeneity
Authors: Lister Andrew J. , Leites Laura P.
Published: August 2021

Tradeoffs occur when deciding between improving forest inventory precision by increasing sample size or by augmenting cluster plot design factors like size or subplot separation distance. The nature of these tradeoffs changes with variation in type and scale of the spatial pattern of the attribute of interest. To understand the impacts of relationships between type and scale of spatial heterogeneity and cluster plot design efficiency, we constructed a factorial simulation experiment and analysed relationships among forest inventory cost, cluster plot design factors, and different spatial heterogeneity scenarios constructed via simulation. To calculate cost, we constructed a cost model that accounted for both on- and between-plot costs. We found that type and scale of heterogeneity have important implications for plot design choices. Homogeneous stands and landscapes are the least costly to inventory. Subplot area and count have stronger impacts than subplot separation on cost efficiency, particularly in landscapes with aggregated forest patterns and in stands with homogeneous tree patterns. We discuss results in the context of the physical interaction between cluster plot geometry and spatial patterns at different scales, provide computer code for simulations, and suggest principles that forest inventory cluster plot design specialists should consider when designing inventories.
Null mutation in sspA of Cronobacter sakazakii influences its tolerance to environmental stress
Authors: Zhan Jie , Tan Xin , Wang Xiaoyuan
Published: August 2021

Cronobacter sakazakii is a known foodborne opportunistic pathogen that can affect the intestinal health of infants. Despite undergoing complex manufacturing processes and low water concentration in the finished product, infant formula has been associated with Cronobacter infections, suggesting that the pathogenicity of C. sakazakii may be related to its tolerance to stress. In this study, the effect of the stringent starvation protein A (SspA), which plays an important role in E. coli cellular survival under environmental stress, on the stress tolerance of C. sakazakii BAA894 was investigated by creating a sspA-knockout mutant. The effects of this mutation on acid, desiccation, and drug tolerance were assessed, and the results showed that acid tolerance decreased, while desiccation tolerance increased in LB and decreased in M9. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 10 antibiotics in LB medium and 8 antibiotics in M9 medium were determined and compared between the wild type and ΔsspA strains. Transcriptome analysis showed that 27.21% or 37.78% of the genes in ΔsspA were significantly differentially expressed in LB or M9 media, the genes relevant to microbial metabolism in diverse environments, and bacterial chemotaxis were analyzed in detail. The current study contributes to an improved understanding of the role of SspA in C. sakazakii BAA894 stress tolerance.
Generation of prolactin-inducible protein (Pip) knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene engineering
Authors: Terceiro Lucas E.L. , Blanchard Anne A.A. , Edechi Chidalu A. , Freznosa Agnes , Triggs-Raine Barbara , Leygue Etienne , Myal Yvonne
Published: August 2021

Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that is highly expressed and found in the secretions of apocrine glands such as salivary, lacrimal, and sweat glands including the mammary glands. PIP has been implicated in various diseases, including breast cancer, gross cystic disease of the breast, keratoconus of the eye, and the autoimmune Sjögren’s syndrome. Here we have generated a Pip knockout (KO) mouse using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRSPR-associated (Cas)9 system. The Cas9 protein and two single guide RNAs targeting specific regions for both exons 1 and 2 of the Pip gene were microinjected into mouse embryos. The deletions and insertions promoted by CRISPR/Cas9 system on the Pip gene successfully disrupted Pip protein coding, as confirmed by PCR genotyping, sequencing, and ultimately Western blot analysis. This mouse model was generated in the inbred C57Bl/6J mouse, which exhibits lower genetic variation. This novel CRISPR Pip KO mouse model will not only be useful for future studies to interrogate the multifunctional role of PIP in physiological processes but will facilitate a broader understanding of the function of PIP in vivo while providing unprecedented insight into its role in a spectrum of diseases attributed to the deregulation of the PIP gene.
Feature Selection Combining Filter and Wrapper Methods for Motor-Imagery Based Brain–Computer Interfaces
Authors: Sun Hao , Jin Jing , Xu Ren , Cichocki Andrzej
Published: August 2021

Motor imagery (MI) based brain–computer interfaces help patients with movement disorders to regain the ability to control external devices. Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a popular algorithm for feature extraction in decoding MI tasks. However, due to noise and nonstationarity in electroencephalography (EEG), it is not optimal to combine the corresponding features obtained from the traditional CSP algorithm. In this paper, we designed a novel CSP feature selection framework that combines the filter method and the wrapper method. We first evaluated the importance of every CSP feature by the infinite latent feature selection method. Meanwhile, we calculated Wasserstein distance between feature distributions of the same feature under different tasks. Then, we redefined the importance of every CSP feature based on two indicators mentioned above, which eliminates half of CSP features to create a new CSP feature subspace according to the new importance indicator. At last, we designed the improved binary gravitational search algorithm (IBGSA) by rebuilding its transfer function and applied IBGSA on the new CSP feature subspace to find the optimal feature set. To validate the proposed method, we conducted experiments on three public BCI datasets and performed a numerical analysis of the proposed algorithm for MI classification. The accuracies were comparable to those reported in related studies and the presented model outperformed other methods in literature on the same underlying data.
Dynamics of a pair of neutrally buoyant circular particles with different sizes in a lid-driven square cavity
Authors: Hu Junjie , Pan Hui , Zhang Fangqing , Wang Huili , Liu Gaojie , Wang Yongyu
Published: August 2021

The solid particles with different sizes exist widely, like cell separation, food processing, water treatment, thus, investigating the motion of the solid particles with different sizes is important. This study investigates the motion of a pair of neutrally buoyant circular particles with different sizes in a lid-driven square cavity using the lattice Boltzmann method. The motion of the circular particles with different sizes and that of the circular particles with identical sizes are quite different. The steady trajectories of the circular particles with identical sizes are identical, which is not affected by the Reynolds number. Differently, the circular particles with different sizes orbit along different steady trajectories, namely, the steady trajectory of the small particle is closer to the walls of the square cavity, while that of the large particle shrinks toward the center of the square cavity, which may provide us a possible method to separate them. However, it is not always effective, if the Reynolds number is low, the velocity difference between the circular particles with different sizes is small, which may fail to separate them completely.
From D = 3 to D = 2 dimensions: A note on topological order
Authors: Fosco C. D. , Schaposnik F. A.
Published: August 2021

We construct, by a procedure involving a dimensional reduction from a Chern–Simons theory with borders, an effective theory for (1 + 1)-dimensional superconductor. That system can be in either an ordinary phase or a topological one, depending on the value of two phases, associated to complex order parameters.
Effect of the inner horizon on the black hole thermodynamics: Reissner–Nordström black hole and Kerr black hole
Authors: Volovik G. E.
Published: August 2021

For the Schwarzschild black hole, the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is proportional to the area of the event horizon. For the black holes with two horizons, the thermodynamics is not very clear, since the role of the inner horizons is not well established. Here we calculate the entropy of the Reissner–Nordström black hole and of the Kerr black hole, which have two horizons. For the spherically symmetric Reissner–Nordström black hole, we used several different approaches. All of them give the same result for the entropy and for the corresponding temperature of the thermal Hawking radiation. The entropy is not determined by the area of the outer horizon, and it is not equal to the sum of the entropies of two horizons. It is determined by the correlations between the two horizons, due to which the total entropy of the black hole and the temperature of Hawking radiation depend only on mass M of the black hole and do not depend on the black hole charge Q. For the Kerr and Kerr–Newman black holes, it is shown that their entropy has the similar property: it depends only on mass M of the black hole and does not depend on the angular momentum J and charge Q.
Confined vortex surface and irreversibility. 1. Properties of exact solution
Authors: Migdal Alexander
Published: August 2021

We revise the steady vortex surface theory following the recent finding of asymmetric vortex sheets (Migdal, 2021). These surfaces avoid the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability by adjusting their discontinuity and shape. The vorticity collapses to the sheet only in an exceptional case considered long ago by Burgers and Townsend, where it decays as a Gaussian on both sides of the sheet. In generic asymmetric vortex sheets (Shariff, 2021), vorticity leaks to one side or another, making such sheets inadequate for vortex sheet statistics and anomalous dissipation. We conjecture that the vorticity in a turbulent flow collapses on a special kind of surface (confined vortex surface or CVS), satisfying some equations involving the tangent components of the local strain tensor.

The most important qualitative observation is that the inequality needed for this solution’s stability breaks the Euler dynamics’ time reversibility. We interpret this as dynamic irreversibility. We have also represented the enstrophy as a surface integral, conserved in the Navier–Stokes equation in the turbulent limit, with vortex stretching and viscous diffusion terms exactly canceling each other on the CVS surfaces.

We have studied the CVS equations for the cylindrical vortex surface for an arbitrary constant background strain with two different eigenvalues. This equation reduces to a particular version of the stationary Birkhoff–Rott equation for the 2D flow with an extra nonanalytic term. We study some general properties of this equation and reduce its solution to a fixed point of a map on a sphere, guaranteed to exist by the Brouwer theorem.
Amplified thermal state: Properties and decoherence
Authors: Zhao Zheng-Yin , Xu Xue-Xiang
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we introduce the amplified thermal state (ATS) by operating [Formula: see text] on the thermal state (TS). Here, [Formula: see text] is the amplification factor and [Formula: see text] is the photon number operator. We study its properties, such as light intensity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Fock matrix elements and Wigner function. In addition, we study its decoherence in photon-loss channel by analyzing evolution of all above properties. All considered properties are derived analytically and simulated numerically. Compared with the original TS, the amplification can enhance light intensity and SNR, remain the mixed character, and exhibit non-Gaussianity. While the decoherence will weaken light intensity and SNR, remain the mixed character, and return to Gaussian state.
A Liouville-type theorem for fully nonlinear CR invariant equations on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Wang Bo
Published: August 2021

We obtain a Liouville-type theorem for cylindrical viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear CR invariant equations on the Heisenberg group. As a by-product, we also prove a comparison principle with finite singularities for viscosity solutions to more general fully nonlinear operators on the Heisenberg group.
Synthesis, metalation and antiaromatic properties of 22-hydroxybenziporphyrins
Authors: Lash Timothy D. , Chaney Sun T. , Johnson Amy L. , Weisbond Jack T. , Ferrence Gregory M.
Published: August 2021

Condensation of 5-alkyl-2-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarbaldehydes with a tripyrrane in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), followed by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), gave two examples of 22-hydroxybenziporphyrins. Unlike a related meso-tetraphenyl-22-hydroxybenziporphyrin, these products were reasonably stable in solution. Dicationic species were obtained upon addition of TFA to CDCl3 solutions, and these exhibited weakly diatropic properties. However, the free base forms gave broad peaks for the macrocycle’s peripheral protons that fell into the range of 4.5–3.3 ppm, demonstrating that the system has paratropic characteristics that are consistent with the keto-tautomers. The porphyrin analogues gave broad, poorly resolved, UV-vis spectra of the type expected for nonaromatic or antiaromatic structures. Reaction of a hydroxybenziporphyrin with nickel(II), copper(II) or palladium(II) acetate gave the related coordination complexes. The nickel and palladium derivatives were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography and exhibited buckled geometries with the phenolate units strongly pivoted away from the macrocyclic core.
Porpholactam-cinnamaldehyde conjugates for promoting ROS generation in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Xu Qifan , Zhang Ruijing , Zhang Hang , Jin Guo-Qing , Wang Bing-Wu , Zhu Mengliang , Zhang Jing , Gao Song , Zhang Jun-Long
Published: August 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive method for cancer treatment that relies on the generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), upon excitation of photosensitizer (PS), to eradicate tumor cells. However, the overexpress of endogenous antioxidants in tumor cells will eliminate the ROS and restrict the therapeutic efficacy of PDT. Herein, a novel type of PS was developed by conjugating cinnamaldehyde (CA), a kind of oxidative stress amplified agent, with porpholactam through a hydrazone bond. The new PS retains the photophysical properties of porpholactam, which displays high singlet oxygen quantum yield for the PDT function. The results of in vitro experiments performed including ROS assay and the cytotoxicity in cancer cells suggest that the rational design of the novel porpholactam-CA derivatives result in enhanced ROS generation upon irradiation, providing a possible approach to achieve enhanced therapeutic effects in PDT.
Dianion complexes of pyrrole-based anion receptors: [2+1]-Type complexes that form ion-pairing assemblies
Authors: Yamakado Ryohei , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: August 2021

[2+1]-Type receptor–dianion complexes were formed in the solid state by the interaction between dipyrrolyldiketone boron complexes and sulfate, forming different binding modes as sandwiched- and interlocked-types depending on the substituents of the anion receptors. The dianionic [2+1]-type complexes provided ion-pairing assemblies in combination with countercations.