bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Perceptions of Traditional Healers Regarding Cancers in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mohammed Aminu , Amsalu Bezabih , Mengist Betelhem , Bireda Asma , Hailu Mickiale
Published: August 2024

Background: Many cancer patients in low-income countries seek care from traditional healers and use traditional medicines for cancer treatment. However, little is known about the perceptions and influence of traditional healers and the treatment decisions of cancer patients. Thus, we aimed to explore the perceptions of traditional healers regarding cancer, which can help in preventive interventions, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality from cancer. Methods: This ethnographic study was conducted between April and August 2023 in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. Purposive, convenience, and snowball sampling techniques were used to sample participants. In-depth interviews were conducted individually at participants’ homes in quiet places, and in the absence of respondents, between 45 and 55 minutes, using a semi-structured tool aided by a voice recorder and field notes. The interviews were then transcribed verbatim within a week, and thematic qualitative analysis was used to identify themes and subthemes. Results: Seven major themes were identified in traditional healers’ perceptions of cancer: (i) respondents’ perception of cancer; (ii) perceived causes of cancer; (iii) perceived signs of cancer; (iv) perceived transmission of cancer; (v) respondents’ perception of cancer detection; (vi) respondents' perception of cancer treatment; and (vii) respondents’ perception of ‘no modern cure for cancer. Conclusion: Traditional healers have limitations on their perception of cancer, including what cancer it is, its causes, signs, identification, and treatments. Thus, traditional healers need to be provided training and behavioral-changing interventions about cancer in order to improve cancer interventions.
Quality of Life and Its Associated Factors Among Patients with Psoriasis Attending the Dermatology Department at Public Hospitals in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Bayisa Feyisa , Nimani Teshome , Darcho Samuel
Published: August 2024

Background: Psoriasis is a skin disorder that inflames the skin and joints, increasing susceptibility to obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. It is more common in higher-altitude areas and affects 100 million people worldwide. Understanding the subtypes and treatments is crucial for the management of the condition. Method: The study used a cross-sectional design to assess quality of life and identify factors associated with poor quality of life among patients with psoriasis in the region. The study involved 219 patients. Data collection was carried out through structured interviews with patients with psoriasis attending public hospitals in Harar, eastern Ethiopia. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed to identify factors associated with poor quality of life among patients with psoriasis. Variables demonstrating a p-value > 0.20 in bivariate analyzes were included in the multivariate logistic regression model. Statistical significance was determined with a p-value < 0.05. Results: the proportion of poor quality of life was 54.8%. Factors associated with poor quality of life could not read and write (AOR = 14, 95% CI 2.08, 94.2), Duration of more than 5 years (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.49, 6.41), New body site and in disease patients at both sites (AOR = 9.2, 95% CI 2.96, 28.56) and (AOR = 7.2, 95% CI 2.37, 21.95), respectively. Moderate affected body surface area (AOR= 2.98, 95% CI 1.15, 6.41)). And have a comorbidity (AOR= 2.69, 95%CI: 1.01, 7.20). Conclusions: The study revealed that 54.8% of the patients experienced severe quality of life impairment, with factors such as illiteracy, duration of the disease over five years, psoriasis at new sites of the body, moderate body surface area affected, and comorbidities significantly associated with poor quality of life. The study shed light on the challenges faced by patients with psoriasis in Harar, highlighting the need for comprehensive care strategies to improve their quality of life and well-being.
Competitive Strategy Orientation and Market Orientation for Product Innovative Success in Ethiopian SMEs
Authors: Nege Teshome , Kero Chalchissa
Published: August 2024

This empirical study aims into how market orientation and competitive strategy orientation affect the success of innovative products in small and medium-sized Ethiopian businesses. Small and medium-sized businesses are essential to economic growth, especially in developing nations like Ethiopia, where they are the main drivers of local development and the generation of jobs. However, these companies face significant challenges including scarce resources and volatile markets, necessitating the use of tactical approaches to preserve their competitiveness and foster growth. A mixed-methods approach was used in this cross-sectional study, with 396 respondents completing self-administered questionnaires for the quantitative data and semi-structured open-ended interviews for the qualitative data. The analysis was conducted using SPSS and the AMOS app. The findings show both an increase in competitive strategy orientation and market orientation results in an increase product inventive success, and also, an increase in product innovative success results in an increase in both market share and financial performance. The study also demonstrates the noteworthy and indirect positive relationships that market orientation and competitive strategy orientation have on market share and financial success. The outcomes showed how crucial these strategic orientations are to the capacity of Ethiopian SMEs to innovate, overcome challenges, preserve their competitiveness, and promote economic growth. The study emphasizes how important it is for Ethiopian SMEs to have a competitive strategy orientation that is in line with their market orientation in order to successfully innovate new products. Businesses can better respond to market needs and competitive pressures and promote innovation by utilizing insights from competitive analysis and market research, by offering insightful guidance on enhancing innovation and competitiveness in the Ethiopian context, as well as practical pointers for SME leaders and policymakers, this study fills a vacuum in the literature.
Adsorption of Iron (II) from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon from Desert Date Seed Shells (Balanites Aegyptiaca)
Authors: Kada Danièle , Domga Danièle , Asobo Celestine , Taybe Ngaba , Kowe Jean
Published: August 2024

The presence of heavy metals in water is one of the major environmental issues. In this study, desert date seed shells were employed as precursors for the production of activated carbon by chemical activation process using phosphoric acid (DDSSA) and potassium hydroxide (DDSSS). The activated carbon derived desert date seed were characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM analysis and point of zero charge. The most significant variables that affect the adsorption of iron ions, including pH, contact time, and initial concentration, have been investigated. The results of the research were successfully assessed by Langmuir model. Interestingly, the maximum adsorption ability of Fe2+ was found to be 132.25 mg/g onto DDSSA and 126.35 mg/g onto DDSSS, this was found to be higher in comparison to the similar activated carbon obtained by other researchers. The pseudo 2nd order model was also utilized to describe the adsorption and the data showed that adsorption kinetic of Fe2+ ions onto the DDSSA and DDSSS is dominated by chemisorption. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters suggested that DDSSA and DDSSS for Fe (II) adsorption phenomenon were endothermic and spontaneous. Taken together the high availability, facile production along with high performance of activated carbon from desert date seed shells make it an economically adsorbent for Fe (II) adsorption.
Farmer’s Knowledge on Utilization of Chemical Fertilizers as Soil Fertility Enhancement Option in Ruhumuro Sub-County, Bushenyi District
Authors: Namara Wilfred , Opio Fina , Nkuuhe Douglas
Published: August 2024

The study focused on assessing the farmer’s knowledge on utilization of chemical fertilizers as soil fertility enhancement option in Ruhumuro sub-county, Bushenyi district. It was limited to; establishing the local farmers’knowledge on the use of chemical fertilizers, investigating the factors that influence farmers’ decisions to utilize chemical fertilizers and establishing the benefits that local farmers achieve from utilizing chemical fertilizers. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and primary data was collected from 200 respondents. the data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The study concluded that farmers had local knowledge on use of chemical fertilizers where they revealed that, fertilizer use is influenced by on agro-climatic conditions and farm characteristics at (p=.027), profitability is the principal incentive to adopt fertilizer use at (p=.021), fertilizer use ensure high productivity and yields at (p=.003). The decisions on fertilizer use has mainly considered credit access and price at (p=.026) Fertilizer use alter the soil properties at p= (.029). Fertilizer applied to farmers’ crops do not provide optimal economic returns to farmers as (p=.312) as non-significant. The study also concluded that there were factors that influence the farmers’ decisions to utilize chemical fertilizers. Such as; ownership of land (p=.022), labour avialability (p=.024), Cost of the fertilizers (p=.004) and un-availability of credit services/financial institutions offering services (p=.028). Non-significant factors included; farming experience and level of education (p=.427, p=.369). The study concluded that there were benefits that local farmers achieve from utilizing chemical fertilizers. Such as; Restoration of soil fertility (x2 = 3.002, p=0.021), Sustainable food production (x2 = 2.441, p=0.001), Income security (x2 = 0.871, p= 0.010), Improvement of crop yields (x2 = 3.123, p=0.023) and Contribute to greenhouse effect (x2 = 4.211, p=0.141) which was not significant. The study recommends that, there is a need for policymakers and agricultural stakeholders to consider the social, economic, and environmental implications of the widespread use of chemical fertilizers. Constant extension training services on chemical fertilizer use should be done to help farmers use the recommended dosage of fertilizers to avoid environmental degradation due to lack of adequate knowledge on fertilizer utilization. Government should undertake legal reforms to recognize and protect the rights of vulnerable groups to own and use land. They should also put in place mechanisms to ensure that the law is enforced.
Pre Extension Demonstration of Soil Test Crop Response Based Recommended Phosphorus Fertilizer for Maize in Bako Tibe and Gobu Sayo Districts of Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Baye Bayisa , Teshome Negash , Kidan Lemi
Published: August 2024

Pre-extension demonstration of soil test crop response based phosphorus fertilizer recommendation for maize was conducted in Bako Tibe and Gobu Sayo districts with the objective of participatory demonstration of soil test crop response based phosphorus recommendation under farmers’ condition in 2022 cropping season. Two treatments were applied (T1) blanket Recommendation (T2) Soil Test crop response based recommended phosphorus fertilizer with improved maize (BH-661) variety. The trial was conducted on eleven farmers’ fields which were used as replications. Plot size for each treatment was 10m x 20m with the spacing of 35cm and 75cm between plants and rows respectively using seed rate of 25 kg ha-1 and with recommended optimum N-fertilizer rate of 110 kg ha-1. In each PAs, one FREG unit comprising of 20 farmers were established. About 185 (139 male and 46 female) participants were take part on field visit based training held during physiological maturity of maize. The average total biomass with soil test crop response based Recommended phosphorus fertilizer was 32,385 kgha-1 while blanket recommendation was 27,730 kgha-1. Again the average grain yield for STCRBPR was 7,205kg ha-1 while blanket recommendation was 4,641kg ha-1. Similarly, the results of the economic analysis indicated that the use of p-fertilizer based on soil test crop response and the blanket suggestion with MRR 500.93% could yield net returns of 188,029.36 and 119348 ETB per hectare, respectively. As a result, the suggested phosphorus fertilizer based on soil test crop response should be expanded/scaled up to include additional maize producer farmers in the region and surrounding districts.
Application of Nanobiomedicine in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Lei Doudou , Wang BaiLei , Yin Mingjing , Qin Lian , Gao Ming , Lu Junyu
Published: August 2024

The respiratory system plays a crucial role in human life activities, and acute lung injury (ALI) is a highly fatal respiratory disease caused by a variety of reasons. At present, although several preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of pharmacological interventions, supportive care and mechanical ventilation still remain the primary modalities for managing ALI, there are still no safe and effective treatments for ALI. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, a variety of nanobiomedicines with different structures and functional moieties have been well-designed based on their targeting ability and the pathophysiology of ALI. In this review, it summarizes the challenges faced by ALI therapy, introduces nanobiomedicines including liposomes, polymers, inorganic materials, and others to bring effective therapeutic effects for ALI, and discusses the research progress in recent years based on nanobiomedicine applied to acute lung injury. Finally, it provides a summary and prospect on the application of nanobiomedicine in ALI.
To Talk or not to Talk About Existential Questions – An Interview Study With Elderly Persons and Patients With Fatal Disease
Authors: Bäckersten Carl , Nyblom Stina , Molander Ulla , Benkel Inger
Published: August 2024

Background: Existential experiences often come to the fore in the case of a severe and/or life-threatening disease and in old age. This can evoke a variety of thoughts and emotions. The existential dimension is a concept that encompasses spiritual, religious and secular perspectives. Objective: The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how patients describe the existential dimension of life and whether and in what way the existential questions are raised in conversations and other forms of support within care. Methods: A qualitative design, with in-depth semi-structured interviews with patients admitted to an out-clinic oncology department at one hospital and participants living in a nursing home. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: A total of 15 persons were interviewed. The respondents varied in age from 44 to 96. Two main themes emerged: What are existential questions? and Talk about existential questions. The existential questions refer to life as a whole and death as an end of life. It was summarized into three subcategories: The experience of the life, Existing within context and Spirituality and religion. About half of the participants thought it was important to talk about existential questions. They wanted to choose who to talk to, when and about what. Support was received from loved ones, professionals and experiences beyond conversations. Conclusions: The study provide new knowledge of how patients and elderly experience the existential dimension. The respondents emphasized a desire to be selective with whom they shared these questions and thoughts.
Predictors and risk factors of pulmonary embolism after total hip arthroplasty: an NSQIP study
Authors: Bulut Halil , Maestre Maria Jose , Tomey Daniel
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a well-known contributor to morbidity after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Considerable efforts have been invested in reducing PE occurrence through pharmacological and perioperative interventions. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of these strategies in reducing the incidence and overall mortality associated with pulmonary embolism events remains a matter of debate. Therefore, identifying risky patients has been gaining importance.

Methods:

We utilised data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) participant usage file (PUF) database spanning the years 2016 to 2021. All preoperative parameters were analysed with chi-square afterwards, meaningful ones were run with logistic regression test.

Results:

A study examined factors influencing pulmonary embolism (PE) prevalence in 235,393 total hip arthroplasty patients. Univariate analysis identified significant associations between PE and female gender, diabetes, smoking, dyspnea, CHF, COPD, hypertension (HT), bleeding disorders, disseminated cancer, steroid use, and functional health status. Multivariate analysis revealed male gender as protective, while COPD, hypertension, and disseminated cancer increased PE risk. Notably, smoking appeared protective. PE patients had higher return-to-operation rates (41.7% vs. 2.2%) but similar 30-day mortality (0.2% vs. 0.04%), though mortality’s odds ratio was not significant.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that certain patient characteristics, such as COPD and metastatic malignancy, significantly influence the likelihood of PE development.
A Brief History of the Internet and the World Wide Web
Authors: Kumar Subodha , Perakis Georgia
Published: August 2024

How did a scientific movement invent the Internet and how did that invention grow into a tool that is difficult to envision living without, particularly during the current pandemic? Subodha Kumar and Georgia Perakis describe how it all began with Leonard Kleinrock’s invention of packet switching technology and the creation of ARPANET in 1969. They then trace how Berners-Lee conceptualized the World Wide Web as an easy-to-use global system for sharing information.
PROJECT PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT: The Key to Delivering Large Capital Construction Projects on Time and Under Budget
Authors: Spearman Mark L. , H. James Choo , Zabelle Todd R.
Published: August 2024

Many people view managing projects and managing production systems as completely distinct. Mark L. Spearman, H. James Choo, and Todd R. Zabelle describe how large capital construction projects include production operations and how to apply operations science to make these activities more effective. The result is that these important and challenging projects yield far better schedule and budget performance.
Infusing an Operational Perspective into Franchise Management
Authors: Lawrence Benjamin , Zhang Jie J.
Published: August 2024

Benjamin Lawrence and Jie J. Zhang argue that an operational perspective on franchise management combines, centralizes, and coordinates the franchise system, allowing it to thrive in the current digital economy.
After a Stroke, AI Helped Me Learn to Write Again
Authors: Pandya Mukul
Published: August 2024

Every year, fifteen million people around the globe suffer strokes. Mukul Pandya, a lifelong writer and editor, describes how recent developments in artificial intelligence helped him to recover his abilities and sense of self after a debilitating stroke changed his life overnight.
Developing a Trustworthy AI Rating System and Its Impact on Customer Engagement
Authors: Shkabatur Jennifer , Mintz Alex
Published: August 2024

Since customers’ trust in products drives their engagement, the question of whether AI products can be trusted is critically important.
Mars’ ACE: Using AI and Behavioral Data in Ad Testing with High Correlating Sales
Authors: Larguinat Laurent
Published: August 2024

Laurent Larguinat describes Mars’ ACE, a proprietary AI tool which analyzes large sets of consumer behavioral data to predict the sales effectiveness of the company’s adverts far more effectively than traditional methods.
Unlocking Deeper Insights into Customer Engagement Through AI-Powered Analysis of Social Media Data
Authors: Kannan P.K. , Yang Yi , Zhang Kunpeng
Published: August 2024

P.K. Kannan, Yi Yang, and Kunpeng Zhang describe their method for using AI to map and analyze the structure of social media engagement, which spans thousands of brands in different categories. By using this method, managers can extract valuable information about customers, trends, ties to other firms, and impending opportunities or threats.
Dynamic Resistance and Energy Absorption of Sandwich Beam via a Micro-Topology Optimization
Authors: Li Shiqiang , Li Yuwei , Ma Xiaomin , Fang Jianguang , Liu Zhifang , Wang Zhihua
Published: August 2024

The current research of sandwich structures under dynamic loading mainly focus on the response characteristic of structure. The micro-topology of core layers would sufficiently influence the property of sandwich structure. However, the micro deformation and topology mechanism of structural deformation and energy absorption are unclear. In this paper, based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization method and periodic base cell (PBC) technology, a topology optimization frame work is proposed to optimize the core layer of sandwich beams. The objective of the present optimization problem is to maximize shear stiffness of PBC with a volume constraint. The effects of the volume fraction, filter radius, and initial PBC aspect ratio on the micro-topology of the core were discussed. The dynamic response process, core compression, and energy absorption capacity of the sandwich beams under blast impact loading were analyzed by the finite element method. The results demonstrated that the over-pressure action stage was coupled with the core compression stage. Under the same loading and mass per unit area, the sandwich beam with a 20% volume fraction core layer had the best blast resistance. The filter radius has a slight effect on the shear stiffness and blast resistances of the sandwich beams. But increasing the filter radius could slightly improve the bending stiffness. Upon changing the initial PBC aspect ratio, there are three ways for PBC evolution: The first is to change the angle between the adjacent bars, the second is to further form holes in the bars, and the third is to combine the first two ways. However, not all three ways can improve the energy absorption capacity of the structure. Changing the aspect ratio of the PBC arbitrarily may lead to worse results. More studies are necessary for further detailed optimization. This research proposes a new topology sandwich beam structure by micro-topology optimization, which has sufficient shear stiffness. The micro mechanism of structural energy absorption is clarified, it is significant for structural energy absorption design.
Financing pandemic prevention, preparedness and response: lessons learned and perspectives for future
Authors: Ndembi Nicaise , Dereje Nebiyu , Nonvignon Justice , Aragaw Merawi , Raji Tajudeen , Fallah Mosoka Papa , Abdulaziz Mohammed , Djoudalbaye Benjamin , Aluso Aggrey , Boum II Yap , Mwaba Gwen , Shisana Olive , Ngongo Ngashi , Kaseya Jean
Published: August 2024

Background

The attainment of global health security goals and universal health coverage will remain a mirage unless African health systems are adequately funded to improve resilience to public health emergencies. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the global inequity in accessing medical countermeasures, leaving African countries far behind. As we anticipate the next pandemic, improving investments in health systems to adequately finance pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response (PPPR) promptly, ensuring equity and access to medical countermeasures, is crucial. In this article, we analyze the African and global pandemic financing initiatives and put ways forward for policymakers and the global health community to consider.

Methods

This article is based on a rapid literature review and desk review of various PPPR financing mechanisms in Africa and globally. Consultation of leaders and experts in the area and scrutinization of various related meeting reports and decisions have been carried out.

Main text

The African Union (AU) has demonstrated various innovative financing mechanisms to mitigate the impacts of public health emergencies in the continent. To improve equal access to the COVID-19 medical countermeasures, the AU launched Africa Medical Supplies Platform (AMSP) and Africa Vaccine Acquisition Trust (AVAT). These financing initiatives were instrumental in mitigating the impacts of COVID-19 and their lessons can be capitalized as we make efforts for PPPR. The COVID-19 Response Fund, subsequently converted into the African Epidemics Fund (AEF), is another innovative financing mechanism to ensure sustainable and self-reliant PPPR efforts. The global initiatives for financing PPPR include the Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility (PEF) and the Pandemic Fund. The PEF was criticized for its inadequacy in building resilient health systems, primarily because the fund ignored the prevention and preparedness items. The Pandemic Fund is also being criticized for its suboptimal emphasis on the response aspect of the pandemic and non-inclusive governance structure.

Conclusions

To ensure optimal financing for PPPR, we call upon the global health community and decision-makers to focus on the harmonization of financing efforts for PPPR, make regional financing mechanisms central to global PPPR financing efforts, and ensure the inclusivity of international finance governance systems.
Sergentomyia khawi: a potential vector for Leishmania and Trypanosoma parasites affecting humans and animals and insecticide resistance status in endemic areas of Songkhla, southern Thailand
Authors: Phumee Atchara , Sutthanont Nataya , Chitcharoen Suwalak , Sawaswong Vorthon , Boonserm Rungfar , Ayuyoe Pattama , Cantos-Barreda Ana , Siriyasatien Padet
Published: August 2024

Background

Sand flies serve as crucial vectors in various medical and veterinary diseases. Sand fly-borne diseases pose a significant public health burden globally, as the causative agents can infect a diverse range of hosts, leading to severe consequences such as leishmaniasis and sand fly fever. Additionally, the widespread use of insecticides for agricultural purposes and mosquito control is not specifically targeted at sand flies, potentially leading to resistance development. We investigated sand fly species, their potential role as vectors of various parasitic agents, and insecticide resistance in the endemic regions of Natawi and Sadao districts in Songkhla, Thailand.

Methods

Sand flies were collected using CDC light traps. The collected sand flies were then identified to species level using molecular techniques. Subsequent analyses included the detection of pathogens and the identification of pyrethroid resistance mutations within the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vgsc) domain IIS6 gene, followed by sequence analysis.

Results

The study identified nine sand fly species belonging to the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. The DNA of Sergentomyia khawi was the only species found to test positive for one sample of Leishmania orientalis in Sadao district. This finding represents the first detection of L. orientalis in Thailand. Moreover, three samples of Leishmania martiniquensis and four samples of Trypanosoma sp. were found in the Natawi district. No I1011M, L1014F/S, V1016G, or F1020S mutations were detected in Vgsc gene.

Conclusions

The results of this study provide valuable information on sand fly species and the continuous circulation of Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp. in Songkhla, southern Thailand. Moreover, the development of geo-spatial information on vectors, parasites, and insecticide resistance in sand flies has the potential to provide well-informed risk assessments and evidence-based guidance for targeted vector control in Thailand. These results can serve as a foundation for integrating the One Health approach, which is crucial for disease control, considering the diverse ecological interactions among human and/or animal reservoir hosts, parasites, and sand fly vectors.

Graphic Abstract
The response to influenza vaccination is associated with DNA methylation-driven regulation of T cell innate antiviral pathways
Authors: Fu Hongxiang , Pickering Harry , Rubbi Liudmilla , Ross Ted M. , Zhou Wanding , Reed Elaine F. , Pellegrini Matteo
Published: August 2024

Background

The effect of vaccination on the epigenome remains poorly characterized. In previous research, we identified an association between seroprotection against influenza and DNA methylation at sites associated with the RIG-1 signaling pathway, which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and leads to a type I interferon response. However, these studies did not fully account for confounding factors including age, gender, and BMI, along with changes in cell-type composition.

Results

Here, we studied the influenza vaccine response in a longitudinal cohort vaccinated over two consecutive years (2019–2020 and 2020–2021), using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a targeted DNA methylation approach. To address the effects of multiple factors on the epigenome, we designed a multivariate multiple regression model that included seroprotection levels as quantified by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay test.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that 179 methylation sites can be combined as potential signatures to predict seroprotection. These sites were not only enriched for genes involved in the regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway, as found previously, but also enriched for other genes associated with innate immunity to viruses and the transcription factor binding sites of BRD4, which is known to impact T cell memory. We propose a model to suggest that the RIG-I pathway and BRD4 could potentially be modulated to improve immunization strategies.
Modes of administration of nitric oxide devices and ventilators flow-by impact the delivery of pre-determined concentrations
Authors: Vuillermoz Alice , Lefranc Mathilde , Prouvez Nathan , Brault Clément , Zerbib Yoann , Schmitt Mary , Forel Jean-Marie , Le Tutour Mathieu , Lesimple Arnaud , Mercat Alain , Richard Jean-Christophe , Beloncle François M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Nitric oxide (NO) is a strong vasodilator, selectively directed on pulmonary circulation through inhaled administration. In adult intensive care units (ICU), it is mainly used for refractory hypoxemia in mechanically ventilated patients. Several medical delivery devices have been developed to deliver inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). The main purpose of those devices is to guarantee an accurate inspiratory NO concentration, whatever the ventilator used, with NO2 concentrations lower than 0.3 ppm. We hypothesized that the performances of the different available iNO delivery systems could depend on their working principle and could be influenced by the ventilator settings. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of seven different iNO-devices combined with different ICU ventilators’ flow-by to reach inspiratory NO concentration targets and to evaluate their potential risk of toxicity.

Methods

We tested seven iNO-devices on a test-lung connected to distinct ICU ventilators offering four different levels of flow-by. We measured the flow in the inspiratory limb of the patient circuit and the airway pressure. The nitric oxide/nitrogen (NO/N2) flow was measured on the administration line of the iNO-devices. NO and NO2 concentrations were measured in the test-lung using an electrochemical analyzer.

Results

We identified three iNO-device generations based on the way they deliver NO flow: “Continuous”, “Sequential to inspiratory phase” (I-Sequential) and “Proportional to inspiratory and expiratory ventilator flow” (Proportional). Median accuracy of iNO concentration measured in the test lung was 2% (interquartile range, IQR -19; 36), -23% (IQR -29; -17) and 0% (IQR -2; 0) with Continuous, I-Sequential and Proportional devices, respectively. Increased ventilator flow-by resulted in decreased iNO concentration in the test-lung with Continuous and I-Sequential devices, but not with Proportional ones. NO2 formation measured to assess potential risks of toxicity never exceeded the predefined safety target of 0.5 ppm. However, NO2 concentrations higher than or equal to 0.3 ppm, a concentration that can cause bronchoconstriction, were observed in 19% of the different configurations.

Conclusion

We identified three different generations of iNO-devices, based on their gas administration modalities, that were associated with highly variable iNO concentrations’ accuracy. Ventilator’s flow by significantly impacted iNO concentration. Only the Proportional devices permitted to accurately deliver iNO whatever the conditions and the ventilators tested.
Study on the control effectiveness of relative humidity by various ventilation systems for the conservation of cultural relics
Authors: Liu Benli , He Chenchen , Zhang Guobin , Xu Ruihong , Zhan Hongtao , Wu Fasi , He Dongpeng
Published: August 2024

The Dadiwan F901 site, boasting a history of over 5000 years, stands as the largest and most intricately crafted large-scale housing structure from China’s prehistoric era. The early renovation efforts, incorporating a sealed glass curtain wall, led to a continuous rise in relative humidity within the site, triggering outbreaks of microbial diseases. Subsequent measures successfully restored stability to the thermal and humid environment. This paper employs on-site real-time environmental monitoring and numerical simulation methods to assess the ventilation effectiveness and relative humidity changes before and after multiple interior modifications of the Dadiwan F901 site museum. The results indicate that the fully enclosed glass curtain wall can suppress the dependence of indoor humidity fluctuations on external weather fluctuations but has generated unintended consequences, leading to increased air relative humidity and even reaching saturation in the museum space. The strategic deployment of louvered windows and duct fans proved effective in enhancing internal airflow dynamics and overall air exchange capacity. It was possible to ensure that the relative humidity inside the site remained at approximately 70%, meeting the essential requirements for the preservation of cultural relics. This study is of great significance for alleviating the deterioration problem of enclosed exhibition halls of earthen relics.

Graphical Abstract
Spatial patterns of Geological Culture Villages (Towns) and their influential factors in China
Authors: Zhang Yunxing , Zhang Zhenyu , Lu Chenchen , Yang Meiyu , Zhao Zhengyu , Gu Cuihua
Published: August 2024

Geological Culture Villages Towns (GCV(T)s) serve as rich repositories of geological resources, embodying significant historical and cultural values that mirror the dynamic interplay between Earth's evolution and human societies. Despite their importance, the theoretical underpinnings of GCV(T)s have not been thoroughly explored and elucidated. This study explores the relationship between geological culture and societal development, revealing the linkage between geological culture and societal advancement with the aim of promoting a harmonious coexistence between humanity and the environment. Focusing on 96 GCV(T)s in China, this study employs spatial analytical techniques such as the nearest-neighbor index, kernel density analysis, geographic connectivity, and geographic detector to scrutinize the spatial distribution patterns and identify key influencing factors. The findings reveal that (1) GCV(T)s exhibit uneven distribution, with concentrations in the Yangtze River Delta region, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and Shanxi-Gansu and Ningxia Provinces. (2) These sites tend to be situated in areas characterized by active geological formations, abundant geological relics, higher elevations, gentle topography, and ample rainfall. (3) The establishment and evolution of GCV(T)s are shaped by a complex interplay of geological heritage, natural factors, and human interventions. While the selection and spatial arrangement of these sites are predominantly influenced by geological and natural factors, the innovative development of their geological cultural heritage is driven by humanistic considerations. Overall, the distribution and evolution of GCV(T)s stem from multifaceted interactions among diverse factors. Recognizing this intricate web of influences is crucial for safeguarding geocultural diversity and formulating conservation strategies for geoheritage protection. The development of GCV(T)s transcends mere geoheritage preservation, it embodies a pivotal stride toward safeguarding the varied and multi-dimensional global geoheritage.
Unveiling the fibrotic puzzle of endometriosis: An overlooked concern calling for prompt action
Authors: Anchan Megha M , Kalthur Guruprasad , Datta Ratul , Majumdar Kabita , P Karthikeyan , Dutta Rahul
Published: August 2024

Endometriosis is a benign, estrogen-dependent, persistent chronic inflammatory heterogeneous condition that features adhesions caused by estrogen-dependent periodic bleeding. It is characterised by a widely spread fibrotic interstitium that comprising of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, collagen fibres, extracellular proteins, inflammatory cells, and active angiogenesis found outside the uterus. Thus, fibrosis is recognized as a critical component because of which current treatments, such as hormonal therapy and surgical excision of lesions are largely ineffective with severe side effects, high recurrence rates, and significant morbidity. The symptoms include dysmenorrhea (cyclic or non-cyclic), dyspareunia, abdominal discomfort, and infertility. The significant lack of knowledge regarding the underlying root cause, etiology, and complex pathogenesis of this debilitating condition, makes it challenging to diagnose early and to implement therapeutic approaches with minimal side effects presenting substantial hurdles in endometriosis management. Research on understanding the pathogenesis of endometriosis is still ongoing to find biomarkers and develop non-hormonal therapeutic approaches. Current clinical research indicates a close relationship between endometriosis and fibrosis, which is thought to be tightly linked to pain, a major factor for the decline in the patient’s quality of life but little is known about the underlying pathophysiological cellular and molecular signaling pathways that lead to endometriosis-related fibrosis. The available experimental disease models have tremendous challenges in reproducing the human characteristics of the disease to assess treatment effectiveness. Future translational research on the topic has been hindered by the lack of an adequate fibrotic model of endometriosis emphasizing the necessity of etiological exploration. This review article’s goal is to examine recent developments in the field and pinpoint knowledge gaps that exist with a focus on the development of novel fibrotic mouse models for the early diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis and how this knowledge aids in the development of novel anti-fibrotic treatments which opens fresh avenues for a thorough investigation and extended research in the field of endometriosis.
Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Obesity in Women with PCOS
Authors: Jaroń Aleksandra , Wiklińska Agata , Jastrzębska Katarzyna , Witkowska Maria , Skotnicka Joanna , Błaszczak Karolina , Turek Monika , Wojciechowska Klara , Borkowski Adrian , Sawicki Mateusz
Published: August 2024

Introduction and aim of study: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting young women. It is diagnosed in individuals who meet 2 of the following 3 criteria: hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction or polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound. A common component of this disease is obesity that leads to many serious health complications. This review paper aims to discuss the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists as a therapeutic option to treat obesity in female patients with PCOS.
Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a comprehensive review of the literature available in databases: PubMed and Medline focusing on the terms “PCOS”, “GLP-1”, “obesity”.
Results: The first-line treatment of metabolic disorders in the course of PCOS is lifestyle modification. In patients who do not achieve sufficient results pharmacotherapy is recommended. Therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists shows beneficial effects not only on weight loss, but also on metabolic and endocrine disorders. Studies have proven the superiority of these medications over metformin in the treatment of obesity associated with PCOS. However, the simultaneous use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and metformin may be beneficial for the patients.
Conclusions: GLP-1 receptor agonists appear to be a promising therapeutic option in obese women with PCOS according to safety profile and effectiveness proven in studies.
Are Short-Selling Restrictions Effective?
Authors: Barardehi Yashar , Bird Andrew , Karolyi Stephen , Ruchti Thomas
Published: August 2024

Despite strong theoretical predictions based on disagreement, limited empirical evidence links short-selling restrictions to higher prices. We test this relationship using quasi-experimental methods based on rule 201, a threshold-based policy that restricts aggressive short selling when intraday returns cross −10%. When comparing stocks on either side of the threshold in the same hour of trading, we find that the restriction leads to 8% lower short-sale volume and 35 basis points higher daily returns. These price effects do not reverse after the restriction is lifted.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.4987 .
G. HOFSTEDE’NİN ERİLLİK-DİŞİLLİK (MASCULİNİTY) FAKTÖRÜ TÜRKİYE ANALİZİNİN TÜRK HALK BİLGİSİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Okuşluk Şenesen Refiye
Published: August 2024

Kültürel farklılaşmanın boyutlarına yönelik olarak farklı bilim adamları değişik sınıflamalar yapmışlardır. G. Hofstede, bir sosyal psikolog ve kültürlerarası iletişim alanında önde gelen bir örgütsel sosyoloji uzmanıdır. Ulusal ve örgütsel olarak ikiye ayırdığı kültürleri açıklayabilmek için beş parametre sunmuştur. Bunlar güç mesafesi, bireycilik/çoğulculuk, erillik/dişillik, belirsizlikten kaçınma ve uzun / kısa vadeye dönüklüktür. Erillik-Dişillik (Masculinity) başlıklı parametreye göre örneğin, erkeksi kültürün egemen olduğu toplumlarda kadın ve erkek rolleri arasında kesin bir ayırım vardır. Kadınsı kültürün egemen olduğu toplumlarda ise kişiler arası uyum ve anlaşma önemlidir. Çatışmaya gitmektense örtbas etme yoluna gidilir. Bu çalışmada G. Hofstede’nin “Erillik-Dişillik (Masculinity)” kültürel boyutunun Türkiye analizi incelenmiş ve sonrasında bu analize veri olan eğilim ve uygulamaların Türk halk bilgisi ve uygulamalarında nasıl bir karşılığı olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Women in the Regia and the Republican Imagination
Authors: DiLuzio Meghan
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between gender and space through a consideration of women's ritual performances in the Regia, an ancient and sacred building at the edge of the Roman Forum. In this space, the regina sacrorum , the flaminica Dialis , the saliae virgines , and the Vestal Virgins performed a range of public rituals on behalf the Roman people. The paper examines how the material setting of the Regia and traditions associating it with the regal period shaped the experiences of the priestesses as they carried out their ritual obligations. It also considers how their ritual performances contributed to the perception that the Regia and many of the city's most important rituals were rooted in the regal period.
OAM degree of coherence
Authors: Korotkova Olga , Pokharel Sushil
Published: August 2024

A new, to the best of our knowledge, scalar quantity characterizing radial correlations among all the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes present in a random beam is introduced. It is given by the maximum value of the interference fringe contrasts produced by the filtered pairs of the OAM modes. This new measure is termed the OAM degree of coherence (DOC) in similarity with the electromagnetic (EM) degree of coherence which describes two-point correlations in polarization components of the electric field. The theoretical development is augmented by several numerical examples. Moreover, the possibility of combining the OAM and the EM degrees of coherence in one quantity is also outlined.
Photonic Mpemba effect
Authors: Longhi Stefano
Published: August 2024

The Mpemba effect (ME) is the counterintuitive phenomenon in statistical physics for which a far-from-equilibrium state can relax toward equilibrium faster than a state closer to equilibrium. This effect has raised great curiosity for a long time and has been studied extensively in many classical and quantum systems. Here, it is shown that the Mpemba effect can be observed in optics as well. Specifically, the process of light diffusion in finite-sized photonic lattices under incoherent (dephasing) dynamics is considered. Rather surprisingly, it is shown that certain highly localized initial light distributions can diffuse faster than initial broadly delocalized distributions. The effect is illustrated by considering the random walk of optical pulses in fiber-based temporal mesh lattices, which should provide an experimentally accessible setup for the demonstration of the Mpemba effect in optics.
Nonreciprocal polarized transmission via bound states in the continuum
Authors: Cai Shijie , Wu Zeyu , Liu Xiaoshan , Wang Yan , Cheng Yang , Liu Guiqiang , Chen Jing , Tang Chaojun , Liu Zhengqi
Published: August 2024

We realize the observation of near-unity nonreciprocal polarized transmission via the bound states in the continuum (BICs) in a double-layer grating structure. By introducing out-of-plane perturbations and topological defects that break the mirror symmetry between the upper and lower layers, the far-field polarization states in momentum space are inverted vertically and horizontally, showing mirrored polarization characteristics for incident channels from different upper and lower ports. During the process of introducing mirror perturbations in the upper and lower layers, a π/2 phase inversion occurs in the Г-M direction, making chirality possible. Utilizing this bidirectionally tunable nonreciprocal spatiotemporal phase transition enables multiple modulations of polarization states and opens up more possibilities for asymmetric light manipulation in chiral optical effects.