bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the addition of cocoa sweatings and time of fermentation on flavor compounds and sensory perception of 100% roasted cocoa liquor
Authors: Meneses‐Marentes Nixon , Bharath Sarah M. , Hopfer Helene
Published: September 2024

Fermentation is critical for producing high‐quality cocoa, yet its kinetics and resulting chemical and sensory outcomes are poorly understood and thus difficult to manage. Cocoa sweatings (CS), the liquid runoff produced early during fermentation and typically drained off, may beneficially affect fermentation outcome when added back into the fermenting mass. Here, we report how back‐addition of CS affects composition and sensory perception of roasted cocoa liquor after 5, 6, and 7 days of fermentation. Cocoa liquor (= 100% chocolate) made from beans fermented for 5 days with the addition of CS were similar in sensory perception to those fermented for 7 days without added CS. Twenty‐one flavor compounds showed similar patterns to the sensory results: In the beans fermented with CS, these compounds remained at similar levels after 5, 6, and 7 days of fermentation, while the same compounds significantly changed in the samples fermented conventionally, without CS addition. These results suggest a link between changes in flavor composition and sensory differences in roasted cocoa. Future work is needed to reveal the mechanism of flavor stabilization throughout fermentation resulting from the back‐addition of CS.

Practical Application

Roasted cocoa liquor fermented with cocoa sweating (CS) is sensorily similar when fermented for 5 or 7 days and produces cocoa that is sensorily similar to traditionally fermented cocoa in shorter time (5 days vs. 7 days). The addition of CS seems to stabilize 21 flavor compounds throughout fermentation mimicking changes in sensory perception. The back‐addition of CS could help standardize cocoa fermentation as indicated by more consistent temperature evolution.
Exogenous p‐coumaric acid treatment improves phenolic compounds biosynthesis of postharvest cherry tomatoes by regulating physiological metabolism
Authors: Lu Chengwen , Zhang Linli , Mao Shuo , Feng Jingyi , Li Fangyu , Zhang Tiehua , Yan Xiaoxia
Published: September 2024

To investigate the effect of p‐coumaric acid (p‐CA) on postharvest cherry tomatoes, breaker stage fruits were treated with p‐CA to analyze the physiological metabolism during storage. The results showed that exogenous p‐CA treatment improved the sensory quality of tomato fruits. Transcriptomics results indicated that 782 genes (339 up‐regulated and 443 down‐regulated) were differentially expressed between p‐CA treated and control fruits. Results suggested that p‐CA treatment regulated the synthesis of phenolic compounds and inhibited the fruit ripening through the pathways of mangiferic acid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism. Key enzymes activities of the phenylpropane metabolic pathway of tomato fruits were increased, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4‐hydroxylase (C4H), and 4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase (4CL). In addition, the total phenols content, flavonoids content and antioxidant capacities of tomato fruits were improved with p‐CA treatment. Overall, these findings showed that p‐CA treatment could be a potential strategy for fruit and vegetable preservation.
Aspirations and weather shocks: Evidence from rural Zambia
Authors: Parlasca Martin C. , Martini Christina A. , Köster Maximilian , Ibañez Marcela
Published: September 2024

Aspirations defined as future‐oriented desires or ambitions, can determine agricultural investments and rural development. Aspirations are shaped by people's social, cultural, and physical environment and can be affected by external factors such as natural disasters. This article addresses the question of how weather shocks can influence individual and community aspirations. Using primary panel data from two survey rounds before and during a major drought in Zambia, we show that such extreme weather events can be associated with adverse impacts on individual aspirations. Further exploratory analyses suggest that aspirations towards assets that are particularly vulnerable to droughts are affected most. We do not find any significant effects of drought on community aspirations.
Testicular fibrosis pathology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment: A perspective on related diseases
Authors: Xu Ying , Hu Poyi , Chen Wanyi , Chen Jin , Liu Chunyan , Zhang Huiping
Published: September 2024

Testicular fibrosis is a chronic and progressive condition characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. This process leads to fibrotic remodeling, damage to testicular tissue, and the irreversible loss of male reproductive function. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive reviews systematically elucidating the pathology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of testicular fibrosis from the perspectives of different related diseases. This review addresses these aspects of testicular fibrosis, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of testicular cells. It provides insights that can be relevant for future research and clinical interventions.
Effects of structured contraceptive counseling in young women: Secondary analyses of a cluster randomized controlled trial (the LOWE trial)
Authors: Iwarsson Karin Emtell , Podolskyi Volodymyr , Bizjak Isabella , Kallner Helena Kopp , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina , Envall Niklas
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Unwanted pregnancy constitutes a huge health issue. Long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) are the most effective methods for preventing unwanted pregnancy, especially among young women. This study evaluates the intervention effect of structured contraceptive counseling on the choice, initiation, and use of LARC in young women.

Material and Methods

This is a secondary analysis of women aged 18–25, enrolled in a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial performed in abortion, youth, and maternal health clinics across the Stockholm County in Sweden. Clinics were randomized (1:1) to provide structured contraceptive counseling (intervention) or standard counseling (control). Surveys were administered at the clinic visit and follow‐ups at 3, 6, and 12 months. Primary outcome focused on the choice of LARC among women 18–25 years of age. Secondary outcomes included initiation, and use of LARC at 3 and 12 months, satisfaction with the counseling received and information on extended use of combined hormonal contraceptives. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03269357).

Results

From September 2017 to May 2019, 770 women aged 18–25 years from 28 clinics/clusters were recruited. There was a significant intervention effect on LARC choice (aOR 5.96, 95% CI 3.25–10.94), initiation (aOR 4.43, 95% CI 2.32–8.46), and use at 12 months (aOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.31–3.73). The odds of LARC choice at pre‐booked visits were higher and more women received information about extended‐use regimen for short‐acting reversible contraception in the intervention group compared to the control group. The intervention package was well received, but with higher satisfaction at pre‐booked compared to drop‐in visits.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that comprehensive structured contraceptive counseling significantly increases LARC choice, initiation and use, with high satisfaction among young participants, especially at pre‐booked visits. The results highlight an approach that merits implementation to increase quality of care in contraceptive services, to enhance reproductive health for adolescents and young adults.
Feeling better now? Being defended diminishes daily mood problems and self‐blame in victims of bullying
Authors: Laninga‐Wijnen Lydia , Pouwels J. Loes , Giletta Matteo , Salmivalli Christina
Published: September 2024

Background

School bullying is a group phenomenon in which being defended by peer bystanders may buffer against the development of psychological problems in victims.

Aims

This registered report examines whether being defended diminished victims' daily mood problems and self‐blame, both from a within‐ and between‐person perspective.

Materials and Methods

Daily diary data were collected from n = 1669 Finnish 7th–9th grade students (M age = 14.45; 55.5% girl) across 3 weeks. In n = 1329 out of 12,366 assessments (10.7%), students indicated that schoolmates victimized them on the day of bullying.

Results

Multi‐level regression analyses indicated that students reported lower depressed mood, greater positive mood and lower self‐blame on days that they were victimized and defended as compared to days when they were victimized but non‐defended. Effect sizes were medium for depressed mood and small for positive mood and self‐blame. Repeated victims (n = 144) were less likely to blame themselves for victimization on days they were defended, which, in turn, diminished feelings of humiliation (mediation).

Discussion

Our findings indicate that being defended benefits victims of bullying by mitigating mood problems, both directly and indirectly via diminished self‐blame.

Conclusion

Anti‐bullying programmes that encourage peer defending have the potential to improve victims' psychological adjustment, even on a daily basis.
Loss of USP10 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by regulating the serine synthesis pathway through inhibition of LKB1 activity
Authors: Ma Chi , Lin Zhikun , Yao Jiaqi , Qin Wangshu , Wang Xiaolin , Li Qi , Ye Yaorui , Liu Xinyu , Chen Fating , Hu Jinlong , Xu Guowang , Tan Guang
Published: September 2024

Metabolic dysregulation is emerging as a critical factor in tumorigenesis, and reprogramming of serine metabolism has been identified as an essential factor in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have shown that LKB1 deficiency can activate mTOR to upregulate the serine synthesis pathway (SSP) and promote tumor progression. Our team discovered that ubiquitin‐specific protease 10 (USP10) can inhibit HCC proliferation through mTOR, but its relationship with SSP needs further investigation. The metabolite assays revealed a significant increase in serine content in HCC tissues. Through the LKB1/mTOR/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) axis, loss of USP10 may increase serine biosynthesis and promote the proliferation of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it was found that USP10 could activate LKB1 through deubiquitination. Analyzing clinical HCC tissues revealed a positive correlation between USP10 and LKB1. Additionally, those with high expression of USP10 in HCC tissues showed a better degree of tumor differentiation and longer overall survival time. Moreover, we found increased expression of both serine and its synthase in liver tumor tissues of USP10 liver‐specific KO mice. Loss of USP10 inhibits the activity of LKB1, contributing to the stimulation of the mTOR/ATF4 axis and SSP and then promoting the proliferation of HCC. This work presents a novel approach for serine‐targeted treatment in HCC.
Specific cancer types and prognosis in patients with variations in the KEAP1‐NRF2 system: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Iwasaki Tomoyuki , Shirota Hidekazu , Sasaki Keiju , Ouchi Kota , Nakayama Yuki , Oshikiri Hiroyuki , Otsuki Akihito , Suzuki Takafumi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Ishioka Chikashi
Published: September 2024

The KEAP1–NRF2 system induces the expression of antioxidant genes in response to various types of oxidative stress. Some cancer cells activate this system, which increases their malignancy through genetic mutations. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the C‐CAT database, which contains the gene‐panel sequence data from 60,056 cases of diagnosed solid tumors. We analyzed somatic mutations in NRF2 and KEAP1 genes and their associations with clinical outcomes. Variants in the NRF2 gene were clustered in exon 2, which encodes the DLG and ETGE motifs essential for KEAP1 interaction. The NRF2 variants were frequently observed in esophageal and lung squamous cell carcinoma with frequencies of 35.9% and 19.6%, respectively. Among these mutations, the NRF2 variants in the ETGE motif were indicators of a worse prognosis. KEAP1 variants were found in 2.5% of all cases. The variants were frequent in lung cancer and showed a worse prognosis in lung and other types of adenocarcinomas. We then conducted gene expression analysis using TCGA data. While cancers with DLG and ETGE variants were similar in terms of gene expression profiles, there were significant differences between cancers with KEAP1 and NRF2 variants. Our results indicate that genetic alteration of the KEAP1–NRF2 pathway is a major factor in patient prognosis for each cancer type and its genetic variant. Variants in NRF2 and KEAP1 genes can characterize the biological basis of each cancer type and are involved in carcinogenesis, resistance to therapy, and other biological differences.
Efficacy of Nortriptyline and Migraine Lifestyle Modifications in Vestibular Migraine Management
Authors: Frank Madelyn , Tawk Karen , Lee Ella J. , Kim Joshua K. , Al‐Seraji Abdula , Abouzari Mehdi , Djalilian Hamid R.
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of nortriptyline regimen and migraine dietary/lifestyle modifications on dizziness and stress levels in patients diagnosed with vestibular migraine (VM).

Methods

A total of 35 patients diagnosed with definite VM based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders were included in this intervention study. Patients self‐selected to receive either nortriptyline regimen alone (10–40 mg daily with biweekly escalation) (group A, n = 17) or migraine dietary/lifestyle modifications alone (group B, n = 18). Main outcome measures were dizziness severity and stress level measured by the visual analog scale (VAS).

Results

At 4‐week post‐treatment, dizziness decreased from 6.0 ± 2.5 to 4.2 ± 3.4 (p = 0.069) in group A and from 8.7 ± 1.5 to 3.6 ± 3.0 (p < 0.001) in group B. VAS for stress changed from 5.5 ± 1.3 to 5.4 ± 2.9 (p = 0.93) and from 6.9 ± 3.2 to 5.0 ± 2.7 (p = 0.025) in groups A and B, respectively. The δ values of the VAS score for dizziness were 1.8 ± 3.7 and 5.1 ± 3.1 and the δ values of the VAS score for stress were 0.06 ± 2.9 and 1.9 ± 3.3 in groups A and B, respectively. Quality of life (QOL) improved in 88% patients in group A and 94% patients in group B.

Conclusions

Nortriptyline, at a maximum dose of 40 mg, effectively alleviates patient symptoms, while a migraine diet and lifestyle modifications notably reduce vertiginous symptoms and stress levels in VM patients in 4 weeks. Both interventions are equally effective in ameliorating the QOL of patients. The ideal treatment for patients would likely need to include both medication and diet/lifestyle changes.
Surprising results of patch testing with the baseline series in patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen
Authors: Marmgren V. , Mowitz M. , Zimerson E. , Hindsén M. , Bruze M.
Published: September 2024

Objective

Photoallergic reactions due to topical ketoprofen are common. As some simultaneous contact allergies have been described in the literature, we aimed to get an overview of the pattern of reactivity towards common allergens in the baseline series in ketoprofen‐photoallergic individuals.

Methods

Using our database, we found 94 patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen diagnosed during 1999–2018. Approximately 12 800 patients patch tested with the baseline series during the same time frame served as controls. Data on patch testing with the baseline series of 518 individuals belonging to the general population were obtained from an earlier study, and a comparison of allergy rates was made with the ketoprofen group.

Results

Contact allergy to fragrance mix I and Myroxylon pereirae was overrepresented among patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen (42.3% vs. 6.6% and 47.9% vs. 6.6%, p < 0.001, respectively). Significant overrepresentation was also shown for 4‐tert‐butylphenolformaldehyde resin (PTBP‐F‐R), phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR‐2), black rubber mix, budesonide (all p < 0.001), and fragrance mix II (p = 0.02). The pattern was similar, but with lower significance levels for fragrance mix II and budesonide, regardless of whether or not the individuals had been photopatch tested because of a suspected photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen.

Conclusion

Contact allergy to fragrance mix I, Myroxylon pereirae, black rubber mix, PFR‐2, PTBP‐FR, and to a somewhat lower extent, to fragrance mix II and budesonide, is common in individuals photoallergic to ketoprofen. It remains to be seen whether sensitisation to ketoprofen leads to simultaneous sensitisation to a number of other, chemically non‐related, substances.
Association of dementia with impaired kidney function and plasma biomarkers: A population‐based study
Authors: Wang Nan , Ma Yixun , Liang Xiaoyan , Fa Wenxin , Tian Xunyao , Liu Cuicui , Zhu Min , Tian Na , Liu Keke , Tang Shi , Song Lin , Cong Lin , Dai Lu , Xu Hong , Wang Yongxiang , Hou Tingting , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

Emerging evidence has linked impaired kidney function with dementia in older adults, but the neuropathological pathways underlying their association remain poorly understood. We sought to examine the relationships of kidney function with dementia and plasma biomarkers in a Chinese rural population.

Methods

This population‐based study used data from the baseline examination of the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in rural China (MIND‐China) cohort (March–September 2018; n = 5715). Kidney function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on serum creatinine level. Dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) were diagnosed according to the international criteria. Plasma biomarkers were measured using the SIMOA platform in a subsample (n = 1446). Data were analyzed using logistic, general linear, and mediation models.

Results

Of the 5715 participants, 306 were diagnosed with dementia, including 195 with AD and 100 with VaD. Impaired kidney function (eGFR <60 vs. ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2) was associated with multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios of 2.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–3.46) for all‐cause dementia, 1.85 (1.07–3.18) for AD, and 2.49 (1.16–5.22) for VaD. In the biomarker subsample, impaired kidney function was significantly associated with higher plasma amyloid‐β (Aβ)40 (β‐coefficient = 54.36, 95% CI 43.34–65.39), Aβ42 (β‐coefficient = 3.14, 95% CI 2.42–3.86), neurofilament light chain (β‐coefficient = 10.62, 95% CI 5.62–15.62), and total tau (β‐coefficient = 0.68, 95% CI 0.44–0.91), and a lower Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (β‐coefficient = −4.11, 95% CI −8.08 to −0.14). The mediation analysis showed that plasma total tau significantly mediated 21.76% of the association between impaired kidney function and AD (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Impaired kidney function is associated with dementia and plasma biomarkers among rural‐dwelling older Chinese adults, and the association with AD is partly mediated by plasma biomarkers for neurodegeneration.
Effects of microstructures on the fracture properties of silicon nitride ceramics at elevated temperatures
Authors: Cheng Tianbao , Lv Jingwen , Wu Derong , Wu Danyan
Published: September 2024

Ceramic components often fail by a brittle fracture mode during the service process. Various factors can affect the fracture properties of ceramics. Experimental methods are usually used to investigate fracture behaviors. However, they give a composite result and the contribution to fracture from each factor is not clear. In the present work, a micromechanical model is developed to quantitatively characterize the fracture properties of ceramics at elevated temperatures. The control method for the microstructures of ceramics is proposed based on the Voronoi diagram. The temperature‐dependent surface energy model of ceramics is revised by considering the effects of thermal decomposition and phase transformation. The interface energies at different temperatures are obtained by the inversion method. The criterion for crack propagation of ceramics at elevated temperatures is developed based on the G‐criterion. The effects of temperature, grain size, grain size distribution, and grain boundary phase thickness on the fracture behaviors of silicon nitride are studied numerically.
Navigating high‐cost medicines: summary of the Guiding Principles for the governance of high‐cost medicines in Australian hospitals
Authors: Hill Catherine L. , Pulver Lisa K. , Liew David F. L. ,   the Council of Australian Therapeutic Advisory Groups
Published: September 2024

High‐cost medicines (HCMs) can be clinically impactful for individual patients but are also subject to variable funding mechanisms. Public hospitals and health services are often asked to fund HCMs, but inconsistent processes frequently create large variations in care. CATAG (Council of Australian Therapeutic Advisory Groups) is the Australian peak national advisory body for the quality use of medicines in hospitals and health services, with all states and territories collaborating to support Drug and Therapeutics Committees (DTCs). CATAG has developed national Guiding Principles to assist DTCs to effectively govern HCMs. An established process for the development of CATAG Guiding Principles was undertaken to develop these Guiding Principles. This includes the formation of an Expert Advisory Group (EAG) comprising individuals with recognised expertise, development of draft principles and stakeholder consultation from within the CATAG membership and externally. All feedback was discussed, and changes were agreed upon. The final version was approved by the EAG and CATAG members. This document represents a summary of the seven Guiding Principles developed, covering the areas of governance, application and assessment, communication, training and resourcing. Although many outstanding priorities still exist, including the development of national coordination regarding HCM assessment, these Guiding Principles offer a basis to navigate this complex area.
Trends in Hospitalisations for Vaccine Preventable Respiratory Infections Following Emergency Department Presentations in New South Wales, Australia, 2012–2022
Authors: Hossain Fariha Binte , Muscatello David , Jayasinghe Sanjay , Liu Bette
Published: September 2024

Background

Vaccine‐preventable respiratory infections impact on healthcare systems globally. Despite availability of vaccines, fluctuations in vaccination rates, pathogen virulence and community transmission dynamics mean that these respiratory infections continue to pose substantial public health risks. To understand trends in vaccine‐preventable respiratory infections, we analysed linked data from emergency department (ED), hospitalisations and deaths in New South Wales, Australia, from 2012 to 2022.

Methods

ED presentations with respiratory infection like illness were linked to hospitalisation and death records. Age‐standardised rates of ED presentations, proportions subsequently hospitalised for acute respiratory infection (ARI) and specific vaccine‐preventable disease diagnoses and 28‐day mortality rates were estimated by year and age.

Results

From 2012 to 2022, there were 3,127,090 ARI‐like ED presentations. Age‐standardised rates increased until 2020, declined in 2021 and rebounded in 2022. Across all years, of these ARI‐like ED presentations, 16.6% were hospitalised for acute respiratory infections, including pneumonia (7.9%), influenza (1.1%), RSV disease (1.3%), COVID‐19 (0.8%) and pneumococcal disease (0.3%). Proportions hospitalised were highest in those aged 65+ years, except for RSV, which was highest in children aged 0–4 years. The highest 28‐day mortality post‐ARI‐like ED presentation was observed with COVID‐19 in adults aged 65+ years at 13.1%.

Conclusions

This study highlights the continuing burden of vaccine‐preventable respiratory infections on an Australian healthcare system. These data can be used to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programmes and other public health interventions. Future efforts should focus on enhancing surveillance and data linkage to improve precision and guide targeted public health strategies.
Effects of preconceptional vitamin D levels on in vitro fertilization outcomes in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tunçcan Emre , Mohri Parsa , Dikeç Mirkan , Karaawi Fatimah , Kazaz Elif , Kocatepe Cavit , Dokuzlu Gizem , Tıraş Bülent , Çakıroğlu Ahmet Yiğit , Korun Zeynep Ece Utkan
Published: September 2024

Background

Vitamin D plays various roles in different stages of reproduction, and abnormalities in its levels are associated with diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to determine the relationship between initial vitamin D levels and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in PCOS patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 1174 PCOS patients who consulted the Acıbadem Maslak Hospital IVF Clinic between January 2015 and March 2021. We investigated the effect of preconceptional vitamin D levels on IVF outcomes using data analysis with SigmaPlot 14.5.

Results

We found a significant positive correlation between preconceptional vitamin D levels and positive clinical pregnancy rates (p < 0.001) as well as increased endometrial thickness (EMT) on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) day (p < 0.001, r = 0.262). The optimal vitamin D cut‐off value for predicting positive hCG test results was identified as 13.24 ng/mL, as determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (sensitivity = 0.839, specificity = 0.677). No association was observed with other IVF outcome parameters, miscarriage rates, or clinical pregnancy rates based on EMT.

Conclusions

The study suggests that PCOS patients with vitamin D levels above 13.24 ng/mL are more likely to achieve positive hCG results after IVF. These findings highlight the potential importance of vitamin D supplementation in improving pregnancy outcomes for PCOS patients. Additionally, increased EMT on hCG day may explain the higher clinical pregnancy rates associated with elevated vitamin D levels.
A moving target: trade‐offs between maximizing carbon and minimizing hydraulic stress for plants in a changing climate
Authors: Quetin Gregory R. , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Boving Indra , Trugman Anna T.
Published: September 2024

Observational evidence indicates that tree leaf area may acclimate in response to changes in water availability to alleviate hydraulic stress. However, the underlying mechanisms driving leaf area changes and consequences of different leaf area allocation strategies remain unknown.

Here, we use a trait‐based hydraulically enabled tree model with two endmember leaf area allocation strategies, aimed at either maximizing carbon gain or moderating hydraulic stress. We examined the impacts of these strategies on future plant stress and productivity.

Allocating leaf area to maximize carbon gain increased productivity with high CO2, but systematically increased hydraulic stress. Following an allocation strategy to avoid increased future hydraulic stress missed out on 26% of the potential future net primary productivity in some geographies. Both endmember leaf area allocation strategies resulted in leaf area decreases under future climate scenarios, contrary to Earth system model (ESM) predictions.

Leaf area acclimation to avoid increased hydraulic stress (and potentially the risk of accelerated mortality) was possible, but led to reduced carbon gain. Accounting for plant hydraulic effects on canopy acclimation in ESMs could limit or reverse current projections of future increases in leaf area, with consequences for the carbon and water cycles, and surface energy budgets.
Bridging the gap: unravelling plant centromeres in the telomere‐to‐telomere era
Authors: Naish Matthew
Published: September 2024

Centromeres are specific regions of the chromosomes that play a pivotal role in the segregation of chromosomes, by facilitating the loading of the kinetochore, which forms the link between the chromosomes to the spindle fibres during cell division. In plants and animals, these regions often form megabase‐scale loci of tandemly repeated DNA sequences, which have presented a challenge to genomic studies even in model species. The functional designation of centromeres is determined epigenetically by the incorporation of a centromere‐specific variant of histone H3. Recent developments in long‐read sequencing technology have allowed the assembly of these regions for the first time and have prompted a reassessment of fidelity of centromere function and the evolutionary dynamics of these regions.
The Arabidopsis splicing factor PORCUPINE/SmE1 orchestrates temperature‐dependent root development via auxin homeostasis maintenance
Authors: El Arbi Nabila , Nardeli Sarah Muniz , Šimura Jan , Ljung Karin , Schmid Markus
Published: September 2024

Appropriate abiotic stress response is pivotal for plant survival and makes use of multiple signaling molecules and phytohormones to achieve specific and fast molecular adjustments. A multitude of studies has highlighted the role of alternative splicing in response to abiotic stress, including temperature, emphasizing the role of transcriptional regulation for stress response. Here we investigated the role of the core‐splicing factor PORCUPINE (PCP) on temperature‐dependent root development.

We used marker lines and transcriptomic analyses to study the expression profiles of meristematic regulators and mitotic markers, and chemical treatments, as well as root hormone profiling to assess the effect of auxin signaling.

The loss of PCP significantly alters RAM architecture in a temperature‐dependent manner. Our results indicate that PCP modulates the expression of central meristematic regulators and is required to maintain appropriate levels of auxin in the RAM.

We conclude that alternative pre‐mRNA splicing is sensitive to moderate temperature fluctuations and contributes to root meristem maintenance, possibly through the regulation of phytohormone homeostasis and meristematic activity.
A qualitative study exploring participants experiences of the Mental Imagery for Suicidality in Students Trial
Authors: Duxbury Paula , Taylor Peter James , Palmier‐Claus Jasper , Boardman Bradley , Pratt Daniel , Parker Sophie , Lobban Fiona
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Higher education students experience elevated levels of suicidal ideation, but often face barriers in accessing support. The Mental Imagery for Suicidality in Students Trial (MISST; ISRCTN13621293; NCT05296538) tested the feasibility and acceptability of a six‐session imagery‐based approach called Broad‐Minded Affective Coping (BMAC). This qualitative evaluation explored the experiences of MISST participants and staff.

Design

A qualitative study using one‐to‐one qualitative interviews with participants and staff recruited from MISST. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to explore trial participant and staff experiences to inform a future definitive trial.

Methods

Student participants (n = 16), research assistants (n = 4) and the trial therapist (n = 1) were interviewed and transcripts analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Four key themes were identified. The first theme highlights the value and challenges for students in talking about suicide. The ways in which communication and rapport can be built to facilitate this conversation are explored in theme 2. Theme 3 explains how working with the BMAC therapist increased participants’ awareness of their current mood, drew their attention to positive moments in their lives and helped them to actively recall these moments to interrupt negative cycles of rumination and suicidal ideation. The extent to which the BMAC is ‘fit for purpose’ is outlined in theme 4, generating specific recommendations for future intervention development.

Conclusions

The BMAC offers a positive, time‐limited, structured intervention that is well suited to meet the needs of higher education students experiencing suicidal ideation. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness on mental health and suicide‐related outcomes.
RETRACTED: Preliminary Evaluation of the Value of a Small‐Molecule Probe Targeting DNMT1 in Detecting the Methylation of PAX1 in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Yang Baohua , Cheng Qunxian , Hong Xiaoqian , Zhu Xiuxiang , Xia Ziyin , Chen Wei , Xu Ling
Published: September 2024

Background

To investigate the screening value of a small‐molecule probe to assess the methylation of PAX1 in cervical cancer.

Materials and Methods

The diagnostic threshold of the grayscale values for cervical lesions was assessed by plotting the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of subjects. Grayscale values were significantly different among the four groups (p < 0.05). Compared with the LSIL and cervicitis groups, a considerably higher grayscale value was found in the CA and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) groups (both p < 0.05).

Results

The differential ROC curves of the grayscale values showed that the diagnostic Area Under Curve of the probe for cervicitis and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was 0.8724 (95% CI = 0.7762–0.9685, p < 0.0001), for cervicitis and CA was 1.0000 (p < 0.0001), for the LSIL and HSIL was 0.5484 (95% CI = 0.3826–0.7142, p = 0.5755), and for the LSIL and CA was 0.7724 (95% CI = 0.6016–0.9432, p = 0.0138).

Conclusion

The small molecular probe has certain application value in differentiating the type of cervical lesions and has better efficacy in distinguishing cervical inflammatory and precancerous lesions from carcinogenesis, but less efficacy in determining the type of precancerous lesions.
The auronidin flavonoid pigments of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha form polymers that modify cell wall properties
Authors: Jibran Rubina , Hill Stefan J. , Lampugnani Edwin R. , Hao Pengfei , Doblin Monika S. , Bacic Antony , Vaidya Alankar A. , O'Donoghue Erin M. , McGhie Tony K. , Albert Nick W. , Zhou Yanfei , Raymond Laura G. , Schwinn Kathy E. , Jordan Brian R. , Bowman John L. , Davies Kevin M. , Brummell David A.
Published: September 2024

Plant adaptation from aquatic to terrestrial environments required modifications to cell wall structure and function to provide tolerance to new abiotic and biotic stressors. Here, we investigate the nature and function of red auronidin pigment accumulation in the cell wall of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Transgenic plants with auronidin production either constitutive or absent were analysed for their cell wall properties, including fractionation of polysaccharide and phenolic components. While small amounts of auronidin and other flavonoids were loosely associated with the cell wall, the majority of the pigments were tightly associated, similar to what is observed in angiosperms for polyphenolics such as lignin. No evidence of covalent binding to a polysaccharide component was found: we propose auronidin is present in the wall as a physically entrapped large molecular weight polymer. The results suggested auronidin is a dual function molecule that can both screen excess light and increase wall strength, hydrophobicity and resistance to enzymatic degradation by pathogens. Thus, liverworts have expanded the core phenylpropanoid toolkit that was present in the ancestor of all land plants, to deliver a lineage‐specific solution to some of the environmental stresses faced from a terrestrial lifestyle.
Quantitative MRI for brain lesion diagnosis in dogs and cats: A comprehensive overview
Authors: Céré Cassandra , Curcio Valentina , Dorez Hugo , Debreuque Maud , Franconi Florence , Rousseau David
Published: September 2024

MRI is widely used for the detection and characterization of brain lesions. There is a growing interest in the potential benefits of quantitative MRI (qMRI) in veterinary brain lesion diagnosis. Yet, the use of data processing tools in the veterinary field is not as democratized as for the diagnosis of human brain pathologies. Several reviews have addressed the characterization of brain lesions in cats and dogs. None of them is specifically focused on quantitative MRI data processing techniques for the diagnosis of brain lesions in the veterinary field. This paper aims to provide an overview of the evolution of qMRI on cats and dogs both in the clinical and preclinical fields. We analyze the achievements in the field as well as the remaining challenges in the diffusion of data processing tools for veterinary brain lesions characterization.
CT findings in a dog with chronic giant hypertrophic gastritis: Ménétrier‐like disease
Authors: Rifiova Jesika El , Schiborra Frederike , Mäntylä Noble Peter‐John , Vigevani Nina , Blundell Richard J. , Guillem James
Published: September 2024

A 9‐year‐old male's entire Boston Terrier was presented with persistent hyporexia and weight loss for 6 weeks prior to referral admission. A CT scan showed marked hypertrophy of the rugal folds protruding into the gastric lumen, which had a cerebriform appearance. Changes were consistent with the ultrasonographic findings, which showed marked hyperechogenicity of the gastric mucosa, mucosal cysts, and otherwise normal wall layering. Histopathology of the fundic gastric mucosa showed foveolar hyperplasia and cystic dilation which were findings consistent with Ménétrier‐like disease. Based on the reviewed literature, this is the first case report describing CT findings of Ménétrier‐like disease in a dog.
Mujeres al borde: tensiones y dinámicas en torno al papel de las mujeres en el proceso de urbanización en la periferia, barrio El Recuerdo Sur
Authors: Cruz castillo Alba Lucía , Pérez Alex Leandro , Soto Rodríguez Yuri Alexandra
Published: September 2024

La investigación desarrollada, a partir de la construcción participativa de un parque y los diálogos comunitarios etnográficos establecidos para mejorar el espacio público, permite evidenciar dinámicas sobre el rol de liderazgo y gestión de las mujeres en la autoconstrucción del barrio. Este artículo es un acto político que intenta dar voz a Marlen, Marleny y María, mujeres que representan la memoria histórica barrial de otras tantas en los sectores populares periféricos de la ciudad y que han sido invisibilizadas, al igual que sus aportes para el crecimiento y sostenimiento de la vida en lo popular a través del cuidado.
Detection of Lubricating Film Breakdown in Mechanical Seals
Authors: Anderson William B. , Salant Richard F. , Jarzynski Jacek
Published: September 2024

Mechanical seals generally fail as the result of the collapse of the lubricating film between the two seal faces. A system to detect the collapse of the film before mechanical and thermal damage is sustained is being developed. The approach involves placing piezoelectric transducers behind the seal faces. One of the transducers is used as a receiver, while the other is used as a source. A continuous series of ultrasonic wave packets of a specified primary frequency and amplitude are generated by the source, using a wave generator. When the lubricating film collapses, mechanical contact between the two seal faces occurs, providing a transmission path for ultrasonic waves. The signal amplitude detected by the receiver therefore indicates whether or not mechanical contact between the seal faces has occurred. The advantage of this approach is it is relatively independent of the particular seal characteristics. Furthermore, since the amplitude and frequency of the signal generated by the source can be controlled, it can be distinguished from machinery noise.
Roller Bearing Defect Detection With Multiple Sensors
Authors: Billington S. A. , Li Y. , Kurfess T. R. , Liang S. Y. , Danyluk S.
Published: September 2024

Three levels of bearing outer race damage were tested over varying rotational speed and radial load. An acoustic emission sensor (AE) and accelerometer were used to record acoustic emission and vibration levels, respectively. The high frequency resonance technique (HFRT) and Adaptive Line Enhancer (ALE) were employed to process vibration signals. The primary metric of vibration level in this research is the Root-mean-square (RMS). The HFRT and ALE signal processing combination is effective in isolating deterministic defect frequencies. Finally a multi-layer perceptron neural network using accelerometer and AE RMS values was demonstrated as being successful in bearing defect level classification given operating conditions.
The Neural Network Identification of the Electro-Hydraulic Servo System
Authors: Hong He , Entao Zhou , Wei Sun , Shichang Zhou , Weixiang Shi , Tingqi Lin
Published: September 2024

A new kind of neural network based on RBFN and CMAC is proposed in this paper. The learning speed is very fast so that it can be used to identify the hydraulic servo system on line. A new model structure used for the identification of the hydraulic servo system with large alternating disturbance is also proposed in this paper. The simulation results are very satisfactory.
Adaptive Repetitive Control Design With Application to an Electrohydraulic Servo
Authors: Sun Zongxuan , Tsao Tsu-Chin
Published: September 2024

This paper addresses the discrete-time adaptive control design which incorporates internal model principle for asymptotic tracking performance of systems with parametric uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics and noise. The indirect adaptive control system applies projection or least squares parameter adaptation algorithm with dead zone, and frozen time stabilizing control. The global stability of the system is ensured under certain assumptions. The adaptive algorithm is applied to an electrohydraulic servo with periodic disturbances and reference trajectory. A frozen time stabilizing repetitive control is applied in parallel to the parameter adaptation algorithm. Experimental results show that the adaptive systems can tolerate parameter mismatch and unmodeled dynamics while maintaining stability and asymptotic tracking performance.
Experimental Validation of Pipeline Models for Laminar and Turbulent Transient Flow
Authors: Taylor Sue E. M. , Johnston D. Nigel , Longmore Derek K.
Published: September 2024

Work has been carried out on the time domain simulation of hydraulic pipelines. A new method of approximating frequency dependent friction has been developed (Sanada et al., 1993). The new optimised friction model has been incorporated into time domain simulation models. The results are validated by experimental tests. Transient test rigs have been designed for both laminar and turbulent flows. In both cases the levels of damping shown by the simulations corresponded favorably to the experimental results obtained.
A Modular Design Scheme for Servo-Drives Control, With Application to Pneumatic System
Authors: Refaat S. , Dransfield P.
Published: September 2024

A unified approach for control system design of single input-single output (SISO) mechatronic systems is presented. The approach is based on combining off-line identification, pole placement, composite adaptive control, sliding control, static nonlinearity compensation, gain scheduling, and plant on-line parameter estimation, each as a module. The approach is presented as modules added one after the other. Consequently, the effect of each of the modules and its integration with the other modules are demonstrated. The automation and plant-independence of these design steps are also shown. A nonlinear pneumatic long cylinder servo-system is used to test the approach experimentally. The approach is equally suitable for electric or hydraulic servo-drive technologies, in both position control and force control applications.
Fluid Power Systems in Downhole Seismic Exploration
Authors: Cole Jack H.
Published: September 2024

High-resolution subsurface seismic imaging that places sources and receivers in wellbores is an emerging exploration technology that can help petroleum companies find and recover more oil and gas. Success-commercialization of this enabling technology requires the development of stronger downhole seismic sources. New and larger downhole fluid power systems are playing a major role in such development. An extensive R&D effort has produced an electrohydraulic vertical shear wave source that is ready for commercial use. Research is continuing on other fluid power source concepts.
A Two-Compartment Membrane Limited Model of Molecular Transport Through Nano-Scale Pores With a Metal-Actuated Switch
Authors: Russo Michael J. , Friedman Simon H. , Karlsson Jens O. M. , Toner Mehmet
Published: September 2024

We have previously demonstrated that we can reversibly alter the transport selectivity of the plasma membrane to small molecules (∼1000 Da) by treating cells with H5, a genetic mutant of the pore-forming protein Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin, designed to be equipped with a metal-actuated switch. Toward the development of a plasma membrane permeabilization technique for both clinical and basic research applications, we have developed a simple model of molecular transport through the H5 pore. This model in combination with hindered transport models predicts the rate of transport of our marker molecules, carboxycalcein blue (CCB) and sucrose, and provides an approximation of the number of pores in the plasma membrane. Model predictions are also in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements of CCB and sucrose transport through the H5 treated plasma membranes of 3T3 fibroblasts. This model allows us to analyze quantitatively the selectivity of the H5 pore and by extension to use genetically designed pore forming proteins to advance the understanding of hindered transport in pores.
Changes in Osteoblasts Under Time Averaged Microgravity Conditions
Authors: Hung Clark T. , Johnston Eric D. , Allen Fred , Litt Mitchell , Pollack Solomon R. , Meaney David F.
Published: September 2024

Subtle alterations in mechanical stimuli can promote changes in mammalian cells ranging from cell realignment and intracellular signaling to immediate early gene expression. In this study, we examined the cellular growth and phenotypic activity of primary rat osteoblasts exposed to a simulated microgravity environment. We developed a method to produce time averaged microgravity conditions in tissue culture flasks and compared the response of cells in this environment to cells grown in conditions of unit gravity, both with and without hydrostatic pressure load. Three responses were measured after 6 days exposure to time averaged microgravity — degree of confluence, cell proliferation (assessed by DNA content (LaBarca and Paegan, 1980)), and normalized alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, a marker of the cell phenotypic activity (Lowry et al., 1954).

Results show that time averaged microgravity conditions decrease the degree of cell confluence over stationary, unit gravity controls. Moreover, the cellular proliferation was increased in simulated microgravity conditions (n = 27 flasks/group; p < .05). Interestingly, the normalized AP activity changed significantly under the simulated microgravity conditions examined in these tests, indicating that the phenotypic activity was modified under simulated microgravity conditions. Further tests with additional phenotype markers will augment these studies.

Together, this study begins a series of experiments for studying the effects of microgravity in primary cultured bone cells. The ultimate goal of these studies will be to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for cellular changes under microgravity, as well as determining the optimal conditions for cell and tissue growth in these conditions.