bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Armenian Elite Groups on Relations with Russia after the Power Transition
Authors: Tokarev A. A. , Margoev A. R.
Published: August 2020

Small states in the Post-Soviet area have to make a geopolitical choice by leaning towards one of the great powers. The peaceful power transition that took place in Armenia in Spring-Fall 2018 was described by some Russian experts as “a color revolution” actively supported by external actors. However, it was exactly this unique case in which, despite such external influence, Armenian protesters did not demand a change in the geopolitical orientation of the country. Still, in spite of the preservation of the alliance between Russia and Armenia, part of Nikol Pashinyan’s team is evidently oriented to the West.

Having conducted focus groups and in-depth interviews with Armenian experts, the authors try to answer the following questions: what is the structure of the Armenian establishment? What do its representatives think of the strategy of Armenia-Russia relations? What messages are they sending to the Russian audience?

The authors are convinced that it was not a revolution, though called a “velvet revolution”, but a change of the elite groups. The political system remains as it was, institutions have not been demolished or upgraded. The partnership between Russia and Armenia is still characterized as strategic.

Nevertheless, there is some misunderstanding between the current authorities in Russia and Armenia. It has to do not only with the generation and ideological gaps between Russian and Armenian officials but also with the lack of communication between Nikol Pashinyan’s team and Russian decision-makers. The problem is that the Armenian elites do not understand Russia as they do not have an experience of dealing with the country. Hence the importance of enhanced coordination among Russian organizations advancing Russia’s soft power in Armenia.
The Return of the ISIL’s Terrorists as a Threat to Social and Political Stability in Russia
Authors: Krylov A. V.
Published: August 2020

The Global terrorism is evolving, adapting to the new realities and still posing a serious threat to all humanity and the security of all countries of the world. Currently, the main terrorist threat comes from ISIL (Da’esh), which despite the complete defeat of the «caliphate» in Syria and Iraq, has a wide network of terrorist branches in the most problematic and conflict areas on the territory stretching from the Western part of the Sahel to the Philippines. The problem of foreign terrorist fighters returning and moving from the war zone to the countries of origin is the most urgent issue on the present agenda. At the annual press conference held on December 19, 2019 the Russian President Vladimir Putin again emphasized the topical character of this problem. He highlighted in particular that the problem of returning terrorist fighters can be solved only by joint efforts, and for this “it is necessary to establish highly effective joint cooperation”. At least 16 countries of the world, including Russia, have already suffered from terrorist attacks carried out by ISIL fighters returning from battlefields. The article analyses in detail the problems that the flow of recent supporters of «caliphate» returning to Russia and other countries brings. The study also contains consolidated recommendations on addressing the threat posed by foreign terrorist fighters affiliated with the «Islamic State».
3D FOOD PRINTING WITH IMPROVED FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES: A REVIEW
Authors: ÇAKMAK Hülya , GÜMÜŞ Cansu Ekin
Published: August 2020

In food industry, 3D printing gives the opportunity to fabricate a 3D food structure using layer-by-layer deposition of the food material that may not be possible using conventional food production techniques. 3D food printing technology has been used to develop foods with different shapes or textures. Also, different food materials can be printed in different layers for creating functional food with a complete nutritional balance. The novel and appealing textures with 3D printing are launched for elderly people having swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) or children and athletes who have different energy and nutrition requirements. Moreover, 3D food printing technology has a great potential to reduce food waste by making use of discarded food parts such as meat scraps, and damaged fruits and vegetables. However, there are some obstacles regarding the building of a 3D structure, as well as retaining the designed geometry in the post-deposition period. The composition and properties of food materials and processing parameters are effective on the characteristics of the final 3D printed foods. This review focuses on the recent developments on 3D food printing process according to different food categories, and pre or post processing parameters.
Contribuições da osteopatia para o cuidado na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Schneider Leonardo mozzaquatro , Tesser Charles Dalcanale
Published: August 2020

A osteopatia foi oficialmente reconhecida como PIC recentemente no SUS; e, como tal, sua inserção foi incentivada na atenção primária à saúde (APS). Este ensaio apresenta e discute algumas relações da osteopatia com a APS, enfocando conhecimentos e técnicas osteopáticas que podem contribuir para o fortalecimento de aspectos comuns a ambas. Tais contribuições incluem: a ênfase em tecnologias leves, compreendendo a qualidade da relação clínica, no sentido da construção de narrativas e estratégias capazes de esclarecer sobre questões fisiológicas, incluindo mecanismos endógenos de auto-regulação; introdução na APS  de estimulação desse mecanismos por meio de algumas técnicas manuais osteopáticas; maior valorização da autonomia dos usuários frente a seus problemas de saúde; um melhor equilibrio frente a proeminência de tecnologias duras e leves/duras, protocolos e uso excessivo de exames diagnósticos na APS, facilitando uma diversificação interpretativa e terapêutica, com utilização crítica de evidências e sinais fisiológicos sem perder de vista o indivíduo como um todo; evitação do excesso de medicalização do cuidado, acentuado pelo comum compartilhamento de crenças e prognósticos catastróficos, que inibem o tempo, o interesse e o estímulo à auto-regulação necessários à dissolução de prognósticos excessivamente sombrios. O compartilhamento de saberes/técnicos osteopáticos pode ser útil para melhorar a intensidade das relações de cuidado e favorecer mudanças no processo de trabalho nas redes de atenção a saúde. Pesquisas e experimentações institucionais são necessárias para explorar essas potencialidades, compartilhando conhecimentos que enriqueçam equipes, gestores e usuários no sentido da construção de formas singulares, seguras e eficazes de cuidado.
Capacitação em auriculoterapia para profissionais do SUS de 2016-2017.
Authors: TESSER CHARLES DALCANALE , Santos Melissa Costa , Silva Emiliana Domingues Cunha da , Moré Ari Ojeda Ocampo , Pelachini Fátima Farias Terezinha , Botelho Lúcio José
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o perfil dos matriculados, de sua participação no curso e da prática da auriculoterapia pelos egressos de um curso semipresencial de auriculoterapia ofertado a profissionais da atenção primária à saúde brasileira, em 2016-2017. Foi enviado um questionário eletrônico após o curso a 5.703 matriculados, respondido por 2.982 profissionais (52%). A maioria eram mulheres (86%), relativamente jovens (idade média= 36,8 anos), enfermeiras (35%), fisioterapeutas (14%), psicólogas (8%) e médicas (7%). Concluíram a etapa a distância 95% dos respondentes e sentiram-se aptos a praticar auriculoterapia após o curso 79% deles; sendo que 73% o fizeram. Destes, 93% referiram boa aceitação pelos usuários e 96% relataram perceber boa efetividade clínica. O curso é uma iniciativa educacional indutora da prática da auriculoterapia em quase 3/4 dos egressos. A disseminação em larga escala do curso pode viabilizar a integração da auriculoterapia ao cuidado convencional na atenção primária à saúde.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA APRIORI PADA DATA PENJUANLAN PRODUK ASESORIS CV PRINCES DIARY SAMARINDA
Authors: Qomariah Siti , Basrie Basrie , Pa’a Srinita Fitriani
Published: August 2020

CV Princes Diary adalah perusahaan yang bergerak pada penjulan produk asesoris yang beragam, ada 25 jenis barang yang dijual pada toko mereka, tetapi data penjulan tersebut belum dianalisa dengan baik untuk menghasilkan strategi penjualan yang meningkatkan keuntungan untuk perusahaan.  Salah satu algoritma dalam data mining adalah algoritma apriori.  Datamining banyak diimplementasikan dalam berbagai bidang seperti bisnis, perdagangan, dan lain-lain.  penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat aplikasi  dengan penerapan metode data Mining  dengan algoritma apriori untuk mengolah data penjualan tersebut lebih terstruktur, terinci dan mengetahui permasalahan pada penjualan produk.   Penelitian ini dilakukan mencari pola informasi transaksi produk, sehingga mengahasilkan stok barang yang harus diperbanyak atau dikurangi.  Algoritma apriori adalah salah satu cabang dari data minning yang berfungsi mencari pola informasi dari banyaknya data yang dimikili.   Market basket analisis adalah salah satu teknik dari data mining dengan strategi cross- selling dimulai dengan mencari sejumlah frequent itemset dan dilanjutkan dengan patter Growth. untuk tool penelitian yang digunaka adalah rapid miner.  Intensitas penjulana produk yang didapat mengunakan algoritma apriori dengan market basket analisis.  Pada CV Princes Diary produk yang dijual adalah produk asesoris seperti dompet, kacamata, kalung dan lain-lain. pada hasil penelitian ditemukan enam aturan 6 buah aturan atau rule yang bisa digunakan untuk strategi penjulan Jika membeli kaca mata maka akan membeli dompet ( dengan nilai support 52,5 % dan confidence 55,9%) Jika membeli tali sepatu maka akan membeli make up dengan nilai support 55,9 % dan confidence 56,4%) Jika membeli make up, Maka akan membeli alat make up dan sisir ( dengan nilai support 56,4 % dan confidence 61,6%)        Jika membeli sisir maka akan membeli make up  ( dengan nilai support 61,6 % dan confidence 65,3%)  Jika membeli Make Up, maka akan membeli sisir dan Alat Make up  ( dengan nilai support 65,3 % dan confidence 65,3%)       Jika membeli Make Up, Maka membeli sisir dan alat make up ( dengan nilai support 82,5 % dan confidence 82,5%) informasi pola frekuensi asosiasi tertinggi adalah jika membeli make up maka maka membeli sisir dengan nilai support sebesar 8.825% dan nilai conficende 0.825%.  dengan aturan diatas produk pertama dan produk kedua bisa disandingkan untuk promosi pendualan dengan harga yang menarik.
PERBANDINGAN PENERAPAN ALGORITMA TEORI RESPON BUTIR DAN FUZZY TSUKAMOTO PADA COMPUTERIZED ADAPTIVE TEST
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni - , Fahmi Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Pada dasarnya sistem CAT (Computerized Adaptive Test)  hampir sama dengan sistem CBT (Computerized Based Testing) dimana test dilakukan melalui komputer, namun sistem CAT dapat merandom dan memberikan soal sesuai dengan kemampuan pesertanya. Jika peserta tes tersebut memiliki kemampuan rendah, maka sistem akan memberikan soal yang cenderung mudah. Sebaliknya, jika peserta tes memiliki kemampuan tinggi, maka sistem akan memberikan soal yang cenderung sulit.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode manakah yang paling tepat untuk diterapkan pada sistem Computerized Adaptive Test dalam pemberian butir soal kepada peserta tes sehingga menghasilkan hasil yang maksimal. Pemilihan butir soal dimulai dari  butir soal kedua sampai soal yang terakhir. Metode Teori Respon Butir atau Item Response Theory (IRT)pada penelitian ini menggunakan tiga parameter logistik (3PL). Metode analisis yang dilakukan berupa pengujian kepada responden secara manual, menggunakan sistem CAT dengan metode IRT dan menggunakan sistem CAT dengan metode Fuzzy Tsukamoto. Setelah dilakukan pengujian, maka dibandingkan hasil yang telah didapat dari masing-masing pengujian tersebut untuk mengetahui metode manakah yang paling baik untuk diterapkan pada sistem CAT ini. Hasil yang di dapat adalah metode IRT dan Fuzzy  sama-sama dapat diterapkan dalam sistem CAT, namun metode IRT lah yang lebih baik untuk diterapkan dibandingkan dengan metode Fuzzy Tsukamoto.
PENERAPAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING(SAW) UNTUK PEMILIHAN BEASISWA KURANG MAMPU PADA SEKOLAH DASAR KATOLIK HATI KUDUS SAMARINDA
Authors: Topadang Anton , Irwansyah Irwansyah , Safruddin Safruddin
Published: August 2020

Salah satu perhatian pemerintah atau pihak swasta adalah memberikan beasiswa kepada siswa dalam berbagai jenis beasiswa. Program beasiswa diadakan untuk meringankan beban siswa dalam menempuh masa belajar siswa. Pemberian beasiswa haruslah dilakukan secara selektif agar tepat sasaran. Setiap jenis beasiswa memiliki kriteria dan bobot penilaian yang berbeda-beda, salah satunya beasiswa yang diberikan untuk siswa yang berasal dari keluarga kurang mampu. Walaupun pihak pemerintah sudah membantu dengan menerbitkan Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP) untuk keluarga kurang mampu. Tetapi tidak semua siswa kurang mampu memiliki KIP, apalagi untuk siswa yang bersekolah di sekolah swasta. Dalam menentukan dan menetapkan penerima beasiswa pihak sekolah masih secara manual dengan menggunakan microsoft excel  dalam perhitungan dan tentu memiiki kekurangan dalam  keakuratan hasil sehingga hasilnya tidak tepat sasaran. Oleh karena itu perlu digunakan sebuah metode pengambilan keputusan yang bisa membantu dalam pemilihan siswa penerima beasiswa kurang mampu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Metode Simple Additive Weighting(SAW) adalah salah satu metode yang bisa digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk membantu pengambilan keputusan penerimaan beasiswa. Pada penerapan metode SAW untuk menentukan beasiswa kurangmampu, digunakan empat kriteria yaitu adalah 1) Penghasilan Orang Tua(C1), 2) Tanggungan Orang Tua(C2), 3) Saudara Kandung(C3), dan 4) Pengeluaran Orang Tua(C4). Hasil analisis algoritma SAW diperoleh rangking 1 = Alternatif 9(A9) dengan nilai=0,892, ranking 2 = Alternatif 10(A10) dengan nilai=0,866, dan ranking 3 = Alternatif 5(A5) dengan nilai = 0,826. Berdasarkan ranking tersebut pihak kepala sekolah dapat menjadikan acuan dalam  menetapkan penerima beasiswa kurang mampu pada Sekolah Dasar Katolik Hati Kudus Samarinda.
Gender differences in the domains of job satisfaction: a questionnaire survey among doctors
Authors: Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed
Published: August 2020

Background: The impact of gender differences in the labor market cannot be neglected when studying job satisfaction among doctors. This study aimed to assess the gender differences in a ten-items Warr–Cook–Wall (WCW) job satisfaction scale among Iraqi medical doctors. 

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2014 in Iraq. The multistage sampling technique was recruited to collect the data from 20 health institutions. A total of 576 doctors returned the self-administered questionnaire (response rate= 87.3%). Student t-test and the Pearson correlation tests were used to analyzing the data.

Results:  Female doctors rated the overall job satisfaction index significantly higher than their peer male colleagues (P <0.001). Findings of student t-test showed a significant gender difference; women doctors appeared more satisfied than men in the freedom to choose the method of working, satisfied with their colleagues and fellow workers, amount of responsibility given to them, income, opportunity to use their abilities, hours of work and the amount of variety in the job. In contrast, the Pearson correlation coefficient results indicated a high satisfaction among male doctors than females in terms of recognition for good work (P =0.02) and the physical working condition (P =0.04), respectively.

Conclusion: Analysis of data based on indices rather than the only overall job satisfaction appeared as an efficient method to understand gender differences. The possibility of increasing the representation of women in recognition and awards may raise the level of job satisfaction.
Ăn chay và rối loạn Nội tiết- Chuyển hóa
Authors: Trần Bá Thoại
Published: August 2020

Classic vegetarian diet focuses on plants for food, including: fruits, vegetables, dried beans and peas, grains, seeds and nuts…
In general, these vegetarian diets can supply enough energy and nutrient for human body. Nevertheless, plant-borne foods lack some essential amino acids, contains a great amount of sugary carbohydrate and a small amount of vitamin B12, vitamin D...may causing the harmful effects.
Key words: vegetarian diet, endocrinology, metabolism
O impacto da Revolução Cubana sobre a esquerda brasileira (1959-1974) [Artículo evaluado por pares]
Authors: Rodrigues Sales Jean
Published: August 2020

esumenEl objetivo principal de este texto es analizar la influencia de la Revolución Cubana sobre las izquierdas comunistas brasileñas en el período de 1959 a 1974. Se trata de entender en qué medida las ideas del foquismo y la guerra de guerrillas influenciaron el debate ideológico de los comunistas brasileños y cuáles fueron sus desdoblamientos para sus formulaciones teóricas y su práctica política. La conclusión general es que diversos aspectos del ideario revolucionario cubano estuvieron presentes en el surgimiento de la izquierda revolucionaria brasileña, en el debate respecto de la lucha armada contra la dictadura militar y en la adopción de la bandera del socialismo por una parte de esa izquierda.

Palabras ClaveRevolución Cubana; Guerra de guerrillas; Comunismo brasileño

Abstract The main objective of the present thesis is to analyze the relationships between the Brazilian communist leftist movements and the Cuban revolution between 1959 and 1974. We aim at understanding how far the ideas of the foquismo and the guerilla war influenced the ideological debate of the Brazilian communists and the consequences for its theoretical formulations and the political practice. The general conclusion is that the Cuban revolutionary process was mainly present in the debate on the definition of the armed resistance to the military dictatorship and the adoption of socialism by a part of that leftist movement.

Key-wordsCuban Revolution; Guerrilla Warfare; Brazilian Communism.
Stabilized Ni-Mo at the edges of single-crystalline MgO for CO2 reforming
Authors: Odedairo Taiwo
Published: August 2020

The search for a known chemical process to utilize the huge quantities of CO2 emissions generated mainly by the energy sector via the oxidation of carbon in fuels, remains an unending task. CO2 reforming of methane is seen as a suitable alternative to the generally proposed carbon capture and storage. Furthermore, it has been suggested as a potential chemical process to handle the excess CO2 emissions without much modification to the current infrastructure.
Prosocialidad-productiva, tensiones de una subjetividad emprendedora solidaria: Un estudio con emprendedores sociales peruanos
Authors: Vera Ruiz Angela , Espinosa Agustín
Published: August 2020

En las últimas décadas, se ha fortalecido y extendido el campo de estudio del emprendimiento desde un enfoque que interpela la necesidad de hacer consciencia de su aporte social. Este estudio busca comprender cómo se integra, en la subjetividad emprendedora, la coexistencia de discursos sobre la creación de valor social y valor económico.  Tras entrevistar a 26 emprendedoras y emprendedores sociales peruanos/as, se propone un concepto de carácter psicosocial, que se configura en la paradoja aparente de integrar fines sociales con fines económicos, la cual se ha denominado como prosocialidad-productiva, a la luz de los desarrollos teóricos sobre la prosocialidad y la sostenibilidad en el ámbito de los estudios del emprendimiento. La cualidad de aparente oxímoron del concepto es analizada en tres repertorios discursivos que le dan contenido. Se reflexiona sobre un posible reposicionamiento subjetivo en la figura de algunos nuevos emprendedores en los convulsionados tiempos actuales, donde urge apostar por transformar el mercado desde sus entresijos. Los resultados dejan planteada la posibilidad de emprender desde alcances solidarios que trasciendan los fines individualistas y competitivos del modelo capitalista actual.
Trayectorias emprendedoras en personas con discapacidad: Características y condicionantes a través de estudios de caso
Authors: Alvarado Blanquer Alicia , Suárez Ortega Magdalena , Sánchez García María Fe
Published: August 2020

Mediante el estudio de casos y la historia de vida, se analiza las bases de la construcción de la carrera y el surgimiento de la idea de negocio desde la condición de discapacidad. Se trabaja con cuatro casos sobre las trayectorias profesionales/formativas/vitales, las fortalezas, y los obstáculos encontrados. Los casos se describen y las historias se entrecruzan, presentándose el emprendimiento como una ventaja para el desarrollo profesional, en un marco de solidaridad y de apoyo social. Se concluyen algunas claves para el éxito emprendedor, poniéndose en valor formas de desarrollo económico y empresarial solidario, y evidenciándose su aporte para la transformación social; también se concluye que la orientación y la formación para el emprendimiento forman un tándem clave para estimular una carrera emprendedora, y la metodología cualitativa una herramienta poderosa para la reflexión y la transformación personal/social. Estas conclusiones ayudan a alinear políticas inclusivas y propuestas para la intervención social, psicológica, y orientadora desde la equidad y la justicia social.
La moneda social Palmas, viejos instrumentos, nuevas soluciones: Un análisis sociológico del dinero
Authors: Magalhães de Aguiar Oliveira Bárbara
Published: August 2020

Tradicionalmente las monedas son estudiadas a través de la lente de la economía clásica, respaldada por un acercamiento al modelo de producción mercantil. A contramano de este enfoque, el artículo pretende, bajo la luz de la sociología y antropología económica y también de la economía social y solidaria, discutir algunos de los resultados de la implementación y uso de las monedas sociales, los circulantes locales, en los territoriosde vulnerabilidad y marginalidad económica. La reflexión aquí desarrollada es el esultado de una investigación empírica y etnográfica llevada a cabo en el Conjunto Palmeiras en la ciudad de Fortaleza, noreste de Brasil junto a su banco comunitario Palmas. El objetivo es mostrar que la Moneda Social Palmas es un buen estudio de caso para demostrar que los principios extraeconómicos defendidos en la “moneda sociológica” realmente operan en la vida moderna. Entendiendo que lo económico está imbuido de diversos significados, es que se analiza el dinero de forma cualitativa. Se procura evidenciar como las dimensiones de confiabilidad, sociabilidad y territoriabilidad están presentes en las relaciones económicas dadas por el uso de una moneda social.
Cooperativismo, políticas públicas y organizaciones sociales: Conflictividad en cooperativas promovidas por el Estado en Argentina
Authors: Kasparian Denise
Published: August 2020

Durante la primera década del siglo XXI en la Argentina, las cooperativas tomaron un impulso inusitado, principalmente, debido al despliegue de políticas públicas de fomento de la economía social y solidaria. El Programa Argentina Trabaja, que se desarrolló entre 2009 y 2018, creó más de 5000 cooperativas. En su implementación, otorgó centralidad a los gobiernos municipales y a las organizaciones sociales con anclaje territorial. El objetivo del artículo es indagar la conflictividad a la que dieron lugar estas cooperativas, en especial, las interacciones contenciosas entre cooperativas, organizaciones y Estado. Así, el artículo contribuye al análisis de las potencialidades de la incubación estatal de cooperativas. La metodología es cualitativa, se efectuó un estudio de caso principalmente mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observaciones. Se describen dos conflictos; el primero, en torno a la definición de la actividad productiva y, el segundo, respecto al propósito la producción. Mientras que en el primero el Estado local se constituye en el principal adversario, en el segundo, la inserción de la cooperativa en una organización social genera oposiciones entre las trabajadoras respecto al propósito de la producción.
Editorial: Las Economías Solidarias revisadas desde las transformaciones de la subjetividad, la creación de comunidades y la producción de diversidad
Authors: Rivera-Aguilera Guillermo , Reyes Espejo María Isabel , Pavez Mena Javiera , Gómez Núñez Nicolás , De la Cuadra Fernando
Published: August 2020

El modelo productivo implementado en América Latina durante los últimos cuarenta años ha desincentivado el uso del conocimiento socio-técnico reunido por organizaciones y comunidades locales y territoriales. Desde principios de este siglo, las Economías Solidarias han contribuido de tal modo al abordaje de los problemas generados por el modelo económico, que las Naciones Unidas y sus Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, estiman que las experiencias de las Economías Solidarias son las herramientas para llevar a cabo cambios profundos en la arquitectura productiva a nivel local y regional. Esta edición de Psicopespectivas reúne artículos que contribuyen a comprender los procesos de transformación de la subjetividad, la creación de comunidades y la producción de diversidad en organizaciones de Economías Solidarias, mostrando metodologías que aplican herramientas conceptuales disciplinarias a la transformación social desde una visión crítica de las experiencias productivas.
Investigating stratospheric changes between 2009 and 2018 with halogenated trace gas data from aircraft, AirCores, and a global model focusing on CFC-11
Authors: Laube Johannes C. , Leedham Elvidge Emma C. , Adcock Karina E. , Baier Bianca , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. , Chen Huilin , Droste Elise S. , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Heikkinen Pauli , Hind Andrew J. , Kivi Rigel , Lojko Alexander , Montzka Stephen A. , Oram David E. , Randall Steve , Röckmann Thomas , Sturges William T. , Sweeney Colm , Thomas Max , Tuffnell Elinor , Ploeger Felix
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We present new observations of trace gases in the stratosphere
based on a cost-effective sampling technique that can access much higher
altitudes than aircraft. The further development of this method now provides
detection of species with abundances in the parts per trillion (ppt) range
and below. We obtain mixing ratios for six gases (CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-22,
H-1211, H-1301, and SF6), all of which are important for understanding
stratospheric ozone depletion and circulation. After demonstrating the
quality of the data through comparisons with ground-based records and
aircraft-based observations, we combine them with the latter to demonstrate
its potential. We first compare the data with results from a global model driven
by three widely used meteorological reanalyses. Secondly, we focus on CFC-11
as recent evidence has indicated renewed atmospheric emissions of that
species relevant on a global scale. Because the stratosphere represents the
main sink region for CFC-11, potential changes in stratospheric circulation
and troposphere–stratosphere exchange fluxes have been identified as the
largest source of uncertainty for the accurate quantification of such
emissions. Our observations span over a decade (up until 2018) and therefore
cover the period of the slowdown of CFC-11 global mixing ratio decreases
measured at the Earth's surface. The spatial and temporal coverage of the
observations is insufficient for a global quantitative analysis, but we do
find some trends that are in contrast with expectations, indicating that the
stratosphere may have contributed to the slower concentration decline in
recent years. Further investigating the reanalysis-driven model data, we find
that the dynamical changes in the stratosphere required to explain the
apparent change in tropospheric CFC-11 emissions after 2013 are possible
but with a very high uncertainty range. This is partly caused by the high
variability of mass flux from the stratosphere to the troposphere,
especially at timescales of a few years, and partly by large differences
between runs driven by different reanalysis products, none of which agree
with our observations well enough for such a quantitative analysis.
A combination of soil water extraction methods quantifies the isotopic mixing of waters held at separate tensions in soil
Authors: Bowers William H. , Mercer Jason J. , Pleasants Mark S. , Williams David G.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Measurements of the isotopic composition of separate and
potentially interacting pools of soil water provide a powerful means to
precisely resolve plant water sources and quantify water residence time and
connectivity among soil water regions during recharge events. Here we
present an approach for quantifying the time-dependent isotopic mixing of
water recovered at separate suction pressures or tensions in soil over an
entire moisture release curve. We wetted oven-dried, homogenized sandy loam
soil first with isotopically “light” water (δ2H =-130 ‰; δ18O =-17.6 ‰) to represent antecedent moisture held at high matric tension. We then
brought the soil to near saturation with “heavy” water (δ2H =-44 ‰; δ18O =-7.8 ‰) that represented new input water. Soil water samples
were subsequently sequentially extracted at three tensions (“low-tension”
centrifugation ≈0.016 MPa; “mid-tension” centrifugation ≈1.14 MPa; and “high-tension” cryogenic vacuum distillation at an
estimated tension greater than 100 MPa) after variable
equilibration periods of 0 h, 8 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d. We assessed the differences
in the isotopic composition of extracted water over the 7 d equilibration
period with a MANOVA and a model quantifying the time-dependent isotopic mixing
of water towards equilibrium via self-diffusion. The simplified and
homogenous soil structure and nearly saturated moisture conditions used in
our experiment likely facilitated rapid isotope mixing and equilibration
among antecedent and new input water. Despite this, the isotope composition
of waters extracted at mid compared with high tension remained significantly
different for up to 1 d, and waters extracted at low compared with
high tension remained significantly different for longer than 3 d.
Complete mixing (assuming no fractionation) for the pool of water extracted
at high tension occurred after approximately 4.33 d. Our combination
approach involving the extraction of water over different domains of the
moisture release curve will be useful for assessing how soil texture and
other physical and chemical properties influence isotope exchange and mixing
times for studies aiming to properly characterize and interpret the isotopic
composition of extracted soil and plant waters, especially under variably
unsaturated conditions.
Thermokarst lake inception and development in syngenetic ice-wedge polygon terrain during a cooling climatic trend, Bylot Island (Nunavut), eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Bouchard Frédéric , Fortier Daniel , Paquette Michel , Boucher Vincent , Pienitz Reinhard , Laurion Isabelle
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Thermokarst lakes are widespread and diverse across permafrost regions,
and they are considered significant contributors to global greenhouse
gas emissions. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions documenting the
inception and development of these ecologically important water bodies
are generally limited to Pleistocene-age permafrost deposits of
Siberia, Alaska, and the western Canadian Arctic. Here we present the
gradual transition from syngenetic ice-wedge polygon terrain to a
thermokarst lake in Holocene sediments of the eastern Canadian
Arctic. We combine geomorphological surveys with paleolimnological
reconstructions from sediment cores in an effort to characterize local
landscape evolution from a terrestrial to freshwater
environment. Located on an ice- and organic-rich polygonal
terrace, the studied lake is now evolving through active thermokarst,
as revealed by subsiding and eroding shores, and was likely created by
water pooling within a pre-existing topographic depression. Organic
sedimentation in the valley started during the mid-Holocene, as
documented by the oldest organic debris found at the base of one
sediment core and dated at 4.8 kyr BP. Local sedimentation
dynamics were initially controlled by fluctuations in wind activity,
local moisture, and vegetation growth and accumulation, as shown by
alternating loess (silt) and peat layers. Fossil diatom assemblages
were likewise influenced by local hydro-climatic conditions and
reflect a broad range of substrates available in the past (both
terrestrial and aquatic). Such conditions likely prevailed until ∼2000 BP, when peat accumulation stopped as water ponded the
surface of degrading ice-wedge polygons, and the basin progressively
developed into a thermokarst lake. Interestingly, this happened in the
middle of the Neoglacial cooling period, likely under
colder-than-present but wetter-than-average conditions. Thereafter,
the lake continued to develop as evidenced by the dominance of aquatic
(both benthic and planktonic) diatom taxa in organic-rich lacustrine
muds. Based on these interpretations, we present a four-stage
conceptual model of thermokarst lake development during the late
Holocene, including some potential future trajectories. Such a model
could be applied to other formerly glaciated syngenetic permafrost
landscapes.
Classification of sea ice types in Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images
Authors: Park Jeong-Won , Korosov Anton Andreevich , Babiker Mohamed , Won Joong-Sun , Hansen Morten Wergeland , Kim Hyun-Cheol
Published: August 2020

Abstract. A new Sentinel-1 image-based sea ice classification
algorithm using a machine-learning-based model trained in a semi-automated
manner is proposed to support daily ice charting. Previous studies mostly
rely on manual work in selecting training and validation data. We show that
the readily available ice charts from the operational ice services can
reduce the amount of manual work in preparation of large amounts of
training/testing data. Furthermore, they can feed highly reliable data to
the trainer by indirectly exploiting the best ability of the sea ice experts
working at the operational ice services. The proposed scheme has two phases:
training and operational. Both phases start from the removal of thermal,
scalloping, and textural noise from Sentinel-1 data and calculation of grey
level co-occurrence matrix and Haralick texture features in a sliding
window. In the training phase, the weekly ice charts are reprojected into
the SAR image geometry. A random forest classifier is trained with the
texture features on input and labels from the rasterized ice charts on
output. Then, the trained classifier is directly applied to the texture
features from Sentinel-1 images operationally. Test results from the two
datasets spanning winter (January–March) and summer (June–August) seasons acquired
over the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea showed that the classifier is
capable of retrieving three generalized cover types (open water, mixed
first-year ice, old ice) with overall accuracies of 87 % and 67 % in
winter and summer seasons, respectively. For the summer season, the classifier
failed in distinguishing mixed first-year ice from old ice with accuracy of
only 12 %; however, it performed rather like an ice–water discriminator
with high accuracy of 98 % as the misclassification between the mixed
first-year ice and old ice was between them. The accuracy for five cover
types (open water, new ice, young ice, first-year ice, old ice) in the winter
season was 60 %. The errors are attributed both to incorrect manual
classification on the ice charts and to the semi-automated algorithm.
Finally, we demonstrate the potential for near-real-time service of the ice
map using daily mosaicked Sentinel-1 images.
A 14.5-million-year record of East Antarctic Ice Sheet fluctuations from the central Transantarctic Mountains, constrained with cosmogenic 3He, 10Be, 21Ne, and 26Al
Authors: Balter-Kennedy Allie , Bromley Gordon , Balco Greg , Thomas Holly , Jackson Margaret S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The distribution of moraines in the Transantarctic
Mountains affords direct constraint of past ice-marginal positions of the
East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). Here, we describe glacial geologic
observations and cosmogenic-nuclide exposure ages from Roberts Massif, an
ice-free area in the central Transantarctic Mountains. We measured
cosmogenic 3He, 10Be, 21Ne, and 26Al in 168 dolerite and
sandstone boulders collected from 24 distinct deposits. Our data show that a
cold-based EAIS was present, in a configuration similar to today, for many
periods over the last ∼14.5 Myr, including the mid-Miocene,
late Pliocene, and early to Middle Pleistocene. Moraine ages at Roberts Massif
increase with distance from, and elevation above, the modern ice margin,
which is consistent with a persistent EAIS extent during glacial maxima and
slow, isostatic uplift of the massif itself in response to trough incision
by outlet glaciers. We also employ the exceptionally high cosmogenic-nuclide
concentrations in several boulders, along with multi-isotope measurements in
sandstone boulders, to infer extremely low erosion rates (≪5 cm Myr−1) over the period covered by our record. Although our data
are not a direct measure of ice volume, the Roberts Massif glacial record
indicates that the EAIS was present and similar to its current configuration
during at least some periods when the global temperature was believed to be
warmer and/or atmospheric CO2 concentrations were likely higher than
today.
Long-term safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in 462 patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease: results from a large real-world observational study
Authors: Suzuki Yasuo , Hagiwara Takashi , Kobayashi Mariko , Morita Kazuo , Shimamoto Tomoyo , Hibi Toshifumi
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims: The safety and effectiveness of adalimumab was demonstrated in a phase 3 trial in Japanese patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in Japanese patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease.Methods: This prospective, all-case, post-marketing study was conducted at 254 centers in Japanese patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease receiving adalimumab. The primary endpoint was incidence of adverse drug reactions. Effectiveness endpoints included global improvement rating and change in C-reactive protein levels.Results: Of the 473 registered patients, 462 and 383 included in the safety and effectiveness populations were administered adalimumab for a mean of 515.3 and 579.5 days, respectively. Overall, 395 patients (85.5%) received adalimumab at the recommended dose. Adverse drug reactions and serious adverse drug reactions were reported in 120 (25.97%) and 51 (11.04%) patients, respectively. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was significantly higher in patients with comorbidities (P< 0.0001), patients taking concomitant oral corticosteroids (P< 0.0001), and those not self-administering adalimumab (P= 0.0257). At study end, global improvement rating was “effective” (n = 156, 40.7%) or “markedly effective” (n = 168, 43.9%) in 324 patients (overall effective, 84.6%). Mean C-reactive protein levels (mg/dL) decreased from 1.96 at baseline (n = 324) to 0.58 at week 24 (n = 208) and 0.25 at week 156 (n = 37).Conclusions: This large real-world study confirmed the long-term safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease. No new safety concerns were identified. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01960790)
An Optimality Analysis of the Phonological Processes in the Speech of Autistic Algerian Children: A Case Study
Authors: Bourzeg Meymouna
Published: August 2020

The current paper scrutinizes the phonological processes used by an autistic child, in Standard Arabic, via the use of a constraint-based framework of optimality theory. The data of the present study were collected through a picture-naming test. To ensure that the pictures are representative of all standard Arabic phonemes, the researcher designed a test containing 84 pictures representing three intra-word positions (initial, medial, and final). The results reveal that the autistic child grammar is characterized, mainly, with seven phonological processes: sibilant dentalization, de-emphasization, gliding, stopping, nasality spreading, final consonant deletion, and fronting. Autistic children's phonological system is stigmatized by unmarked forms. In terms of optimality theory, treating the phonological problems of autistic children requires demoting the highly ranked unmarked constraints and promoting the lowest-ranked faithfulness constraint.
“It’s the World We Got to Deal With”: The Exasperated Ethics of Graham Greene’sBrighton Rock
Authors: Adams Don
Published: August 2020

This article is concerned with the conflict between a preoccupation with one’s individual existential fate and a commitment to one’s ethical obligation to the Other in Graham Greene’s 1938 novel, Brighton Rock. It contextualizes this conflict in relation to the contemporaneous ethical response of Emmanuel Levinas to Martin Heidegger’s ontological philosophy, which Heidegger employed to endorse the fascist politics of National Socialism in the 1930s. The novel’s argumentative opposition between Pinkie Brown as an implicitly fascistic and nihilistic existential antihero and Ida Arnold as a self-satisfied secular and ethical exemplar serves as a revealing anatomy of the period’s conflicting paradigmatic values systems. The novel also expresses the evolving conflict in Greene’s work between a religious concern with one’s individual salvation and an ethical commitment to justice for the vulnerable, an ethical commitment that may be traced from the beginning to the end of Greene’s long career in fiction.
Relato de caso: gestação trigemelar com abortamento espontâneo de um dos fetos
Authors: Leite Beatriz Lagrotta , Goulart Carlos Alexandre Ribeiro , Lofiego Alessandra
Published: August 2020

Introdução: Até a década de 1970, a gestação tripla era fenômeno exclusivamente espontâneo e bastante raro, ocorrendo uma vez a cada 10 mil partos. Desde então, com o advento da reprodução assistida, ocorreu aumento mundial na incidência das gestações múltiplas, e a trigemelaridade acontece em proporção de uma a cada dois mil partos. Comparadas às gestações únicas e gemelares, as trigemelares apresentam mais complicações maternas, com elevadas taxas de prematuridade e mortalidade perinatal, chegando alguns autores a preconizar a redução embrionária seletiva precoce, visando assegurar um melhor prognóstico para os fetos restantes. Mesmo com todos os riscos e complicações possíveis em uma gravidez múltipla, grande parte dos casais que passam por tratamento de fertilidade relatam o desejo desse tipo de gravidez, conforme indicam as bibliografias consultadas. Objetivo: O presente trabalho visa à popularização de um caso clínico envolvendo trigêmeos, com a finalidade de discutir os riscos, o prognóstico e as abordagens possíveis, bem como o impacto psicossocial na vida da paciente e dos familiares, de forma a auxiliar o manejo clínico desse tipo de gravidez por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Métodos: Obtiveram-se os dados por anamnese, exame físico, exames complementares, revisão do prontuário e consulta à literatura. Resultados: Mulher de 26 anos, primigesta, realizou fertilização in vitro em 2012, resultando em gestação trigemelar, tricoriônica e triamniótica. Chegou ao pré-natal com nove semanas de gestação. Evoluiu assintomática, com consultas quinzenais até 16 semanas, quando chegou com queixa de leucorreia amarelada e dor em hipogástrio. Ao exame, apresentou o colo centralizado, 3 cm dilatado e com herniação da bolsa amniótica. Foi submetida a cerclagem de emergência, com reintrodução da bolsa amniótica ao útero, permanecendo internada, sob vigilância obstétrica, em uso regular de isoxsuprina endovenosa e repouso. Com 19 semanas, sofreu aborto espontâneo de um dos fetos, com intensa hemorragia, sem a dequitação placentária. Foi novamente submetida a cerclagem emergencial, com introdução do coto umbilical ao útero e manutenção da isoxsuprina e repouso absoluto. Evoluiu bem até 27 semanas, quando entrou em trabalho de parto prematuro, com nascimento de dois fetos vivos, de baixo peso, com complicações cardíacas, visuais e respiratórias. Ambos foram assistidos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) neonatal, com desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor satisfatório até a alta, após dois meses. Conclusão: A trigemelaridade é condição rara, que suscita muitas variáveis em relação ao acompanhamento pré-natal, à avaliação dos riscos materno-fetais e dilemas éticos e aspectos psicossociais envolvidos. Assim, faz-se necessário o acompanhamento dos casos em centro especializado, envolvendo equipe multidisciplinar, para que as possíveis intercorrências sejam avaliadas juntamente com a família.
Doença de Mondor após biópsia aspirativa a vácuo: relato de um caso
Authors: Sondermann Vânia Ravizzini Manoel , Andrade Valeska Caldoncelli , Pasqualette Henrique Alberto Portella , Santos Rosana de Castro Ribeiro dos , Canedo Regina , Cruz Valéria Roppa
Published: August 2020

Introdução: A síndrome de Mondor (SM) corresponde a uma tromboflebite esclerosante de veias superficiais da parede torácica anterior e constitui evento raro. Objetivo: Relatar caso de SM observada após biópsia aspirativa a vácuo (BAV). Métodos: Revisão de literatura publicada e comparação com o caso relatado. Resultados: A SM é uma doença rara e corresponde à tromboflebite de veia superficial da parede torácica anterior, podendo acometer a veia epigástrica superior, a veia tóraco-epigástrica ou a veia torácica lateral. O sinal característico encontrado é um cordão subcutâneo palpável, fibroso, semelhante a uma corda de violão, que pode promover retração da pele. As possíveis causas descritas na literatura apontam para trauma direto à veia, cirurgias, biópsias, esforço muscular, radiação e câncer de mama. É três vezes mais comum em mulheres e pode aparecer em qualquer idade. É uma doença autolimitada e benigna, tratada com compressas mornas, anti-inflamatórios e/ou analgésicos, com remissão dos sintomas em até seis semanas, podendo o cordão palpável desparecer em até sete meses. Paciente de 55 anos, submetida a BAV orientada por ultrassonografia em quadrante superior lateral de mama esquerda, sem intercorrências e com diagnóstico histopatológico de patologia benigna. Inseriu-se clipe marcado no local. A paciente evoluiu com queixa de palpação de cordão endurecido, indolor, desde a cicatriz do procedimento em direção à cicatriz umbilical, 15 dias após a BAV. Ao exame clínico palpamos cordão fibroso, com retração cutânea em todo o seu trajeto, quase até a cicatriz umbilical, especialmente quando a paciente elevava o membro superior homolateral. Na mamografia observamos imagem linear de baixa densidade, desde o clipe até o sulco inframamário. Na ecografia observamos ao Doppler vascularização seguindo todo o trajeto do cordão palpável. No momento da revisão a paciente refere apresentar varizes e fazer uso de Daflon regularmente por esse motivo. Se mantém em conduta habitual para o caso até a remissão do quadro. No momento se encontra sem dor e será mantida em acompanhamento clínico e imagenológico até a resolução dos sintomas. Conclusão: A síndrome de Mondor pode ocorrer após traumas diretos às veias superficiais do tórax e é uma doença autolimitada e benigna. Porém, por poder estar associada a algum tipo de patologia maligna, as pacientes devem ser acompanhadas e investigadas.