bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ganadería e integración del espacio regional: la organización y la gestión de las pasturas en las fronteras de la Corona de Aragón, siglos XII-XIV
Authors: Royo Pérez Vicent
Published: January 2020

In this article, we analyse the management of pasturelands in the border areas of Catalonia, Aragón and Valencia during the twelfth to fourteenth centuries. As Muslim territories receded with the Christian conquest of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the monarchy and the feudal lords favoured the creation of a large livestock producing area. Livestock thus became the main economic activity for people living in towns and rural communities along the borders of these three political areas. The establishment of diverse rights and uses related to pasturelands gave rise to confrontations among social groups and conflict throughout the region. As systems for communal and private management of pastures were negotiated, feudal lords increasingly delegated management to towns and rural communities, which gradually obtained greater autonomy. Our aim is to analyse the evolution, amalgamation and issues associated with pasture management systems in a rural society.
FRUSTRATION AND HOPE: A REVIEW OF THE RESPONSE UNDERTAKEN IN NATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMMES TO LOWER-THAN-EXPECTED RATES OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION.
Authors: Edwards Roger
Published: January 2020

This review and discussion focused on surveys and reports regarding the rate of foreign language acquisition and attainment within national compulsory education systems, academic analyses of the results obtained, and national programmes and initiatives designed to address the shortcomings revealed in them.  The proposed reasons for lower-than-expected acquisition and attainment in foreign language learning within countries including the European Union, Colombia, Vietnam and Ecuador were reviewed in detail. These reasons, and the measures undertaken as a result to remedy these flaws, were evaluated through a comparison with recent academic research relating to these factors, and through com- parison between the different experiences revealed in the surveys and reports.  These comparisons found that some of the measures undertaken were fit for purpose and were likely to yield some improvements in acquisition rate, although to a lesser extent than those projected by some of the national programmes, while identifying some aspects which have been overlooked. The conclusion highlighted in which aspects of the teaching

and learning of foreign languages requires greater focus is needed in order to effect the desired changes.
COMMUNICATION-ORIENTED LESSONS: MOVING FROM COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING TOWARDS TASK-BASED INSTRUCTION
Authors: Ortega-Auquilla Diego , Recino  Pineda Uvaldo
Published: January 2020

Communicative-oriented  language teaching methodologies need to have a central role in the current foreign language education. In fact, language teachers are expected to shift away from traditional language teaching methods that have proven to be ineffective for language learning. Nowadays, a movement, which favors and embraces interaction, communication, and negotiation of meaning, is growing in language education; therefore, pre-service and in-service teachers of English need to be responsive to and become aware of the importance of these key aspects. With these notions in mind, the present article can be seen as a contribution  to help language teachers gain an understanding of key theoretical notions related to the emergence of communicative language teaching and its most well-known methods – CLT and TBLT. Additionally, this work analyzed CLT and TBLT as these two language teaching methods are not opposing but in line with the communicative  approach. The importance of implementing communicative-oriented lessons into the English classroom was also examined. In this sense, a table made up of specific guidelines was elaborated by using works of leading experts in language teaching and learning. The table is intended to help teachers to be better equipped to design and implement  TBLT lessons into the classroom, which may have a positive impact  on foreign language learning.
DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION: PRODUCTIVE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT WITH HIGH SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Galora Moya Nelly Patricia , Salazar Tobar Miryan Consuelo
Published: January 2020

The Differentiated  Instruction  (DI) approach  addresses individual  learner`s needs in a mixed ability class by  focusing  instruction on student learning profiles. The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of the implementation of four DI strategies suggested by Herrera (2011) in order to analyze their impact on students’ productive skills within two different educational settings: the high school and university. A total of 105 students and two English teachers participated in this study. An online survey assessed learners’ perceptions of the DI strategies. The results confirmed that the 4 DI strategies implemented in both settings had a positive effect on the development of students’ writing and speaking skills. This study concluded that there is not a universal, one-size-fits-all strategy for teaching that includes all students.  In-depth knowledge of students’ needs, and interests is a starting point for addressing instruction in a more effective way.  Finally, the DI approach is starting to emerge in Ecuadorian EFL classrooms,  and teachers  are showing  interest  in applying the corresponding  strategies  as an aid to student learning.
Comparison of temperature change of one-step self-etch adhesive and two-step self-etch adhesive during photo polymerization of composite restoration.
Authors: Ahmed Shakaib , Memon Muhammad Rizwan , Sibghatullah Muhammad , Khatri Irfan
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To compare the mean temperature difference in one-step self-etch adhesive versus two-step-self etch adhesive during photo polymerization of composite. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Study Design: Was done at Department of Operative Dentistry Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi. Period: From January 2017 to June 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 92 human extracted maxillary and mandibulars third molar teeth were selected in this study. All discs were divided into two groups. 46 were treated with one-step self-etch adhesive and other 46 were treated with two-step self-etch adhesive. For both the study groups, the temperature was recorded at the start of procedure of photo polymerization and at the end of procedure. From the other side of the disc temperature was measured by non-contact infrared thermometer and recorded. Results: Male to female ratio 1.6:1. The age of the study population ranged from 20 years to 65 years, with mean age of the patients was 32.41±3.01 years. Pre and post mean and the standard deviation (SD) of temperature was 31.95±2.14 and 38.40±1.97 in One-step self-etch adhesive and 31.91±2.25 and 38.45±2.26 in two-step-self-etch adhesive group respectively. Mean change was 6.45 ± 0.78 in One-step self-etch adhesive and 6.45±0.74 in two-step-self-etch adhesive group. Mean difference was not statistically significant between groups (p=0.605). While within group comparison, mean temperature was significantly high in one-step self-etch adhesive and also in two-step-self-etch adhesive. Conclusion: It is concluded that dental practitioners should be aware of the risk of thermal insults to the pulp as a result of photo polymerization of resin-containing restorative materials, especially when caries-affected deep dentin is involved for longer periods.
Student perception regarding using of MCQ’s (multiple choice questions) as a classroom assessment technique.
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Qamar Nabeel , Mansoori Naveed , Bano Sajila
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To find out the students perception on using multiple choice questions as a classroom assessment technique. Study Design: Cross sectional Study. Setting: University of Hail, Saudi Arabia. Period: 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018. Material & Methods: At the end of each scheduled class, students are provided with four MCQ's on the same topic which was delivered in the lecture and 3 minutes were given to solve the MCQ’s. Data was collected from 4th and 6th year MBBS students. A self-structured questionnaire regarding class assessment techniques was also administered, after completion of Surgery and Clinical Skill module. Results: Out of 80 MBBS students, 50% were selected from 4th year and 6th year respectively. Response of most of the students were positive 59 (73.8%) in classroom assessment techniques effects on student discipline. Majority of the student’s 70 (87.5%) respond positive effects on student’s interest to subject and 64 (80%) reported positive effects on student’s assessment. Suggestion about participating classroom assessment technique were found to be positive in 61 (76.2%). Data was analysed by using SPSS version 20.  Conclusion: Student’s perception on using multiple choice questions as a classroom assessment technique was found to be more positive.
Role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Geriatric patients (>60 years of age).
Authors: Abdi Irfan Haider , Firdos Rehana , Laghari Qambar Ali , Rahman Sahito Mujeeb ur , Kalhoro Naimatullah , Memon Sikander Munir
Published: January 2020

Objectives: In elderly patients, recent research has also questioned the effectiveness of this surgery. The objective of our study is to evaluate the safety and applicability of laparoscopic cholecsytectomy in geriatric patients (over 60 year of age) for the symptomatic cholelothiasis. Study Design: Prospective and observational study. Setting: Different surgical wards at LUHMS Jamshoro / Hyderabad who undergone for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Period: One year from 01-03-2017 to 28-02-2018. Material & Methods: 100 patients of 60 years of age and above having gall stone disease. All elderly patients of cholelithiasis (over 60 years) presenting with symptoms of gallstone disease will be included in this study irrespective of their sex. Results:  A total of 100 patients were included in this study. The minimum and maximum age range was 65 to 83 years. The mean age + SD, was 69.72 + 10.31 years. Most of the patients i.e. 60 (60%) were seen in the age group 60 to 65 years, 45(5.0%) patients were observed in the age group > 65 years. 52.0% (n=52) patients had co-morbidities followed by hypertension in 20 (20.0%), Diabetes Mellitus 15 (15.0%), COPD 7 (7.0%), Coronary artery disease 9 (9.0%) and cardiac arrhythmias 1 (1.0%) patient only. Most of the patients had duration of operation 90 to 120 minutes. The mean + SD operative time was 90.12 + 35.5 (60 to 250 minutes). Total operative complications were seen in 15(15.0%) patients who had injury of CBD in 3 patients and 4 patients had bleeding, failed to clip cystic duct 2 cases and 3 patients died. Nineteen (19.0%) elderly patients had postoperative complications and they were not undergone for laparoscopic surgery due to low intensity and occurrence. Overall mortality was seen 1(1.0%) because of acute myocardial infarction and it was occurred on the second day of the operation. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is as safe and effective in old patients as compared to young patients with less complications, morbidity and mortality are very low and lesser than open cholecystectomy. The pain free post-operative period and early ambulation lead to saving of valuable working hours.
Immunohistochemical expression of ki-67 in odontogenic keratocyst: Evidence of aggressive behavior.
Authors: Saif Rabiya , Jehangir Hafiz Majid , Nagi Abdul Hannan , Naseem Nadia , Rizvi Zainab , Rasul Faiz
Published: January 2020

The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) well-known for its aggressiveness and high recurrence rate, comprises approximately 11% of all jaw cysts. Due to its aggressive behavior it was placed into category of tumour in 2005 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the Ki-67 expression in Odontogenic Keratocysts to predict its proliferative potential. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, UHS. Periods: June 2014- June 2018. Material & Methods: This is a descriptive study comprising of 39 cases of odontogenic cysts. These surgically removed samples were processed at University of Health Sciences (UHS) laboratory. Routine staining with Hematoxylin & Eosin stain along with immunohistochemistry (IHC) with Ki-67 antibody was performed. Immunohisto chemical scoring was done on the basis of percentage of the nuclear staining of Ki-67. Data was entered into SPSS 22 and descriptive statistics were measured in the form of percentage and frequency. Quantitative variables such as age of patient, size of the cyst, and Ki-67 score were also measured. P value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 25.08 ±14.5 years. Significant association was observed between histological variables with odontogenic keratocyst such as parakeratinized epithelial lining (p = 0.00), epithelial hyperplasia both typical and atypical (p = 0.02) and focal spongiosis (p = 0.04). Foci having epithelial atypia demonstrated stronger staining intensity compared to adjacent normal epithelium. However, no significant association was observed between the histological variables and Ki-67 expression. Conclusion: OKC expressed low Ki-67 expression in most of the cases, however, foci of strong expression were also observed in few cases.
Incidence of progressive hemorrhagic injury in patients presenting with traumatic brain injury at a large tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A Case Series.
Authors: Zeeshan Qazi Muhammad , Kumar Ramesh , Rehmani Asim , Imran Muhammad , Khan Atiq Ahmed , Gauri Shiraz Ahmed , Raza Muhammad Sheraz
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Our study aims to determine the frequency of progressive hemorrhagic injury as observed on the CT scan from the initial scan performed at the time of presentation to a subsequent one in the 12 hours after the initial scan. Study Design: The type of study is a prospective observational case series. Setting: At Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Period: 3 months from June 2018 to August 2018. Materials & Methods: All patients over 18 years of age who presented to the Accident and Emergency Department of the hospital with traumatic brain injury and had a CT scan performed within four hours of the injury were included in the study. A predesigned proforma was used to note down patient findings. CT scan findings were classified as subdural hematoma (SDH), intraparenchymal contusion (IPC) extradural hematoma (EDH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A repeat CT scan was performed twelve hours after the initial CT scan. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20.0, mean and frequencies were calculated for continuous variables while frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. Results: Of the n= 110 patients in our study 79 were males and 31 were female, the mean age of the patients was 34.25 years. The Glasgow Coma Scale scores at the time of arrival were between thirteen and fifteen for n= 33 (30%) of the patients, between nine and twelve for n= 54 (49.09%) of the patients, less than and equal to eight for n= 23 (20.90%) of the patients. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was present in n= 32 (29.09%) patients, intraparenchymal hematoma was present in n= 42 (38.18%) of the patients, while subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma was present in n= 14 (12.72%) and n= 22 (20%) of the patients respectively. Progressive hemorrhagic injury was found in n= 66 (60%) of the patients, while in n= 11 (10%) of the patients there was resolution of the lesion and n= 33 (33%) of the patients showed no observable changes in the repeat CT scan. Finally, our results indicate that of the 110 patients in our study PHI was seen in n= 17 (53.12%) patients with SAH, n= 18 (81.81%) patients of EDH, n= 5 (35.71%) patients of SDH and n= 26 (61.90%) patients of IPC respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of our study PHI is observed in 60% of the patients with a traumatic brain injury observed within the initial 12 hours after injury, and epidural hematoma and intraparenchymal contusions had the highest incidences of PHI among all the different types of traumatic brain injuries.
Dental Caries assessment of Rural Population of Sindh by DMFT (Decayed missing and filled teeth) Index.
Authors: Irfan Naveed , Anwar Khurram , Taimoor Agha , Al Absi Mowaffaq Abdullmomen , Arain Mudassar Iqbal , Shahnaz Saira
Published: January 2020

Dental caries is known as an infectious disease of microbiologic origin. Streptococcus mutans is established to be the main causative agent, which leads to localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissues. It is the most prevalent oral disease which shows an inevitable geographic dissimilarity, socioeconomic patterns and severity around the globe. The role of Fluoride in Caries prevention is extremely imperative as it is substance which relates strongly in the caries process and favours remineralisation of the affected tooth after the bacterial attack has ceased. Objectives: The objective of this study was to record dental caries experience in rural population of district Matiari Sindh. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional. Setting: Camp of Taluka Hospital Matiari. Period: From the period of one year from Jan-Dec 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 102 visitants of camp were included in the study with caries evaluation of around 2569 teeth. Dental Caries status was checked by using DMFT index as recommended by WHO for oral health surveys. Results: Mean DMFT was found to be 0.07±. 146 (5.75%) teeth were found decayed, 43 (1.7%) were found missing due to caries, No tooth was found restored while 2378 (92.6%) were found to be in sound condition. Conclusion: Access to Oral and Dental healthcare services found to be minimal may be due to inadequate Dental facilities and lack of Dental professionals in rural areas of Sindh province.
Fetomaternal outcome after physical Domestic Violence during pregnancy.
Authors: Zaheen Zakia , Aqeel Fahmida , Asad Mohammad Ghazi , - Geeta , Sahito Rozina Mujeeb , - Rekha
Published: January 2020

Pregnancy by itself imposes great physical and psychological pressures on a woman and consequently, coupled with other stressors such as violence, can have adverse effects on the fetus and mother. Objectives: To identify the association of physical domestic violence with unfavorable feto maternal outcome. Study Design: Observational Cross Sectional Review. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit 4 at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Period: Six months from June 2017 to December 2017. Material & Methods: All pregnant females admitted in department of OBS and Gynae for various obstetrical and gynaecological problems because of bodily domestic violence. Results: Overall 196 pregnant females were selected in review, mean age was 26.32±4.36 yrs. On assessment of maternal outcome females were presented as; preterm labor in 34.2% females, Antepartum hemorrhage in 25.5%. On fetal outcome Miscarriage in 31.1%, intrauterine mortality (IUD) in 15.3%, Stimulated miscarriage in 12.8%, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in 12.8%, Neonatal mortality (NND) in 9.2% & Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission was seen in 18.9% cases. It was found that the age, socio-economic status, maternal education, occupational status, education of husband, addiction of husband, parity, physical and psychological forms of violence, marriage duration, were significantly associated with maternal and fetal outcome (p value < 0.05) due to bodily domestic violent behavior. Conclusion: We concluded that domestic violence during the course of pregnancy has been identified as being a significant factor affecting health of mother and fetus.
Noninvasive Ventilation in patients with Sleep Apnea syndrome complicated with GERD.
Authors: Usman Umar , Riaz Askri Mohsin , Maqbool Shumyala
Published: January 2020

Objectives: The access the clinical effects of non-invasive ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) accompanied with GERD. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: DHQ Teaching Hospital Faisalabad Material. Periods: January 2018 to December 2018. Material & Methods: As Stated in sleep study results, 100 patients with OSA were divided into three different groups according to the disease severity that is mild, moderate, and severe groups. Gastroscopy was performed in all the patients and underwent GERD assessment. Twenty-three patients with OSA accompanied with GERD were segregated into an experimental group and control group, who were given omeprazole (40 mg/time per day) combined with non-invasive ventilation therapy and omeprazole (40 mg/time per day) alone, respectively, for eight weeks. After that, they Underwent gastroscopy and GERD assessment. Results: Among all the 100 patients with OSA, 48 were in the mild group, 33 in the moderate group, and 19 in the severe group. Their GERD scores were 8.26 ± 1.11, 9.87 ± 1.79, and 12.34 ± 2.02, respectively, with a statistical difference (P = 0.004). Out of 23 patients with OSA associated with GERD were divided into The Experimental Group, which included 12 patients, and Control Group, which included. 11 patients. The gastroscopy efficacy rates for inflammation management were 86.53% and 53.09%, respectively, with a statistical difference (P = 0.011). The ΔGERD scores for the two groups also differed significantly (5.11 ± 1.54 vs 2.35 ± 0.72, P = 0.034). Conclusion: Patients having severe OSA were associated with a high incidence rate of GERD than those with moderate or mild OSA. Those who were treated with non-invasive ventilation combined with PPI shown much better results than PPI alone in respect of clinical effects in patients with OSA associated with GERD.
Prevalence of refractive errors and the factors related to it among madrassa students in district Sialkot.
Authors: Zahra Taskeen , Hussain Intzar , Munawar Shahmun , Baig Shahbaz , Bokhari Noreen Maqbool
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Refractive errors (RE) comprise visual impairment arising from the decreased ability of eye to focus light on retina that has become one of the most common problems among school going children and is the second leading cause of treatable blindness among them.1 RE remains unquantified in Pakistan, especially among madrassa students who are further neglected due to lack of school health services. Keeping this in mind the following study was conducted to find the prevalence of RE among Madrassa students aged 5 to 15 years in Sialkot and the factors related to it. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Out of three registered madrassas in Sialkot city, only one allowed access to the team. The team consisted of an ophthalmology professor, two opticians, four interviewers and the researchers. Period: Six months from February 2018 till July 2018. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was  designed by randomly selecting 168 students out of a total of 520 madrassa students who were all tested for RE, the selected students were then interviewed on a semi structured, pre-tested closed ended questionnaire after seeking permission from the parents and madrassa heads. Factors like illumination, distance while reading and watching screen were recorded on a checklist. The data was analyzed in SPSS 21 and P value <0.05 was taken significant. Results: 31.5% of students had errors of refraction. 81.1% were myopic, 7.6% were hyperopic and 11.3% were astigmatic. Near distance reading/screen, positive family history, longer time studying in madrassa and insufficient illumination were the significant factors related to RE. Conclusion: This study showed a dire need of awareness in screening the potential cause for blindness among madrassa students.
The outcome of limited urethral mobilization urethroplasty for anterior hypospadias.
Authors: Rehman Shafiq-ur- , Makki Yasir , Ishtiaq Fareena , Khan Waleeja Shami , Aziz Nauman , Fazal Saad
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Hypospadias, one of the most common genital anomalies, is characterized by an abnormal meatal opening on the ventral aspect of penis. Anterior hypospadias are the most common. Most of the surgical techniques involves the construction of neourethra with significant risk of urethrocutaneous fistula. Limited urethral mobilization technique involves the advancement of native urethra. Study Design: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of Limited Urethral Mobilization Urethroplasty for Anterior Hypospadias. Setting: The study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, DHQ teaching Hospital Sahiwal. Period: From January 2016 to December 2018. Material & Methods: A total number of 187 patients were included in this study. Limited urethral mobilization technique was used in all patients. Minimum age was 2.5 Years and maximum age was 12 years. Cosmetic appearance, functional outcome and complication rate were assessed. Results: Wound infection developed in 3.20 %( n=6) patients. Complete glanular disruption was seen in 2.13 %( n=4) patients. Partial disruption of glans with meatal retraction was observed in 1.60 %( n=3) patients. Post-operative haematoma was seen in 1.60 %( n=3) patients. Meatal stenosis in 1.06 %( n=2) patients.   Post-operative bleeding and diverticula was observed in 0.5 %( n=1) patients each. Vertical oriented, slit like meatus at the tip of glans was achieved in 95.72 %( n=179) patients. Conclusion: Limited urethral mobilization urethroplasty is a technique with proven benefits and effectiveness in the terms of cosmesis and functional outcome with a minimal number of complications because of the usage of native elastic urethra.
Accuracy of ultrasound in detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in cirrhotic patients.
Authors: Riaz Bushra , Jabbar Rakhshanda , Qadeer Owais Bin , Parveen Nasira , Sultan Fouzia , Ahmad Shakeel
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma among cirrhotic patients by comparing it with contrast enhanced multiphasic MRI. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Radiology Department through OPD\Admitted\emergency, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 01-01-2018 to 30-06-2018. Material & Methods: A total of 91 cases, having symptoms of fatigue, weakness, vomiting, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, weight loss and bloating when the fluid is accumulated in abdominal cavity, itching, spider-like blood vessels on the skin were included in the study. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients or their next of kin after explaining the procedure, objectives and benefits of study. All the patients were examined with Conventional gray scale ultrasound using curvilinear probe of 5MHz and then with 1.5 tesla MR imager. Results: The diagnostic accuracy was computed as 42.86%(n=39) as true positive, 1.10%(n=1) as false positive, 49.45%(n=45) false negative and 6.59%(n=6) had true negative, while 46.43%(sensitivity), 85.71%(specificity), 97.5%(positive predictive value), 88.24%(negative predictive value), and 49.45%(diagnostic accuracy) were calculated. Conclusion: We concluded that the accuracy of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma among cirrhotic patients by comparing it with contrast enhanced multiphasic MRI is in agreement with the previous studies, though its accuracy rate is lower but specificity is significantly higher and recommended in our country in low resource settings and tertiary care setups where diagnostic facilities are limited functional.
Ultrasonographic estimation of Thyroid gland volume in healthy subjects of interior Sindh (Province of Pakistan).
Authors: Memon Jawad Ali
Published: January 2020

Ultrasonography is the most common & easy method to estimate the thyroid gland volume. There is wide variation in the volume of the thyroid gland in normal individuals of different ages, sex, races & geography location. Objectives: To estimate the ultrasonographic thyroid gland volume & its reference range in healthy volunteers of interior Sindh, province of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross Sectional Prospective study. Setting: Conducted in Department of Radiology of PUMHS Nawabshah. Period: From 15 August 2017 to 15 February 2018. Material & Methods: Total 102 healthy subjects were included. The subjects having history of any thyroid disease or surgery, systematic disease, iodine deficiency or taking any drug were excluded. Every subject’s thyroid ultrasound was performed by experienced radiologist & thyroid gland volume of each lobe was calculated. Results: The mean total thyroid gland volume of all study subjects was 9.14+2.97 cm3. The mean volume of right lobe is significantly larger than that of left lobe (5.27+3.82 vs 3.82+1.41, p< 0.005). The mean thyroid volume of the male subjects was larger than in the females (11.67+3.06 vs 8.50+2.87 cm3), the difference between both sexes was statistically significant (p< 0.005) (Table-I). There was no statistically correlation was found between thyroid gland volume with body mass index ((p< 0.005). Conclusion: We tried to contribute to establish the reference values for our local population and further large studies are required to establish national wide reference values of thyroid gland volume.
“SALÂH BEY” SÖZLÜĞÜ ÜZERİNE BİR DENEME
Authors: UYSAL İdris Nebi
Published: January 2020

Sözlükler, bir dilin bütün veya belli bir döneme ait söz varlığını topluca veren eserlerdir. Bu eserler, yalnızca bir dil yahut onun belirli bir devresi/sahası için hazırlanmaz; bir topluluk ya da sanatçının sözcük dağarcığını belirlemek için de hazırlanır. Türkçe, sözlük sayısı ve türü bakımından zengin bir dildir. Ancak bu zenginlikte sanatçı sözlüklerinin katkısının az olduğu bir gerçektir. Kısaca, “bir sanatçının veya düşünürün eserlerinde geçen ögeleri toplayan sözlük” şeklinde tanımlanan sanatçı sözlükleri; dil, edebiyat ve sözlük bilimi araştırmaları açısından önemlidir. Kelime dağarcığındaki çeşitlilik ve zenginlikle dikkati çeken Salâh Birsel, Türk edebiyatında sözlüğü hazırlanması gereken isimlerden biridir. Birsel, Türk edebiyatında deneme ve günlük türlerinde yazdığı eserlerle adından sıkça söz ettirir. Onun başarılı olduğu bir diğer alan Türkçeyi kullanma becerisidir. Sanatçı; türettiği, ağızlardan derlediği sayısız sözcük, ürettiği onca deyim ve çeşitli anlamlar yüklediği sözcüklerle Türkçenin söz varlığına hatırı sayılır katkı sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkçede sanatçı sözlüklerinin önemini ve gerekliliğini anlatmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Örneklem olarak Boğaziçi Şıngır Mıngır seçilmiş, bunun da ilk baskısı (1980) esas alınmıştır. Çalışmada belgesel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sanatçıya özgü olduğu düşünülen sözcük ve deyimlerden 44 tanesi tanık cümlesi ve sayfa numarasıyla birlikte verilmiştir.
AYKAÇ, Onur (2019). Geçmişten Günümüze Ortaoyunu Geleneği. Ankara: Akçağ Yayınları. 255 s.
Authors: AKSOY Hüseyin
Published: January 2020

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BURSA İNEBEY YAZMA ESER KÜTÜPHANESİ “GE5052” NUMARALI MECMUANIN MESTAP’A GÖRE TASNİFİ
Authors: GIYNAŞ Kamil Ali , ATASEVEN Yusuf
Published: January 2020

Dinî ya da din dışı birçok konuda manzum veya mensur şekilde ortaya konulan mecmuaların içerisinde şiir mecmuaları klasik Türk edebiyatı alanında çalışanların son dönemde oldukça ilgisini çekmektedir. Biyografik kaynaklarda herhangi bir izine ulaşamadığımız şairlerin şiir(ler)iyle karşılaşma imkânı bulduğumuz şiir mecmuaları, aynı zamanda bazı şairlerin divanlarında yer almayan eserlerine ulaşma imkânı da sağlamaktadır. Öte yandan bu tür çalışmalar ışığında mecmuanın derlendiği dönemin edebî zevki hakkında da ipuçlarına ulaşılmaktadır. Bu minvalde MESTAP adıyla anılan proje sayesinde mecmular bir araya getirilerek klasik Türk şiirinin –bir anlamda- hafızası ortaya çıkarılmakta, birçok şair ya da eser literatüre kazandırılmaktadır. Bu proje kapsamında incelediğimiz mecmua GE5052 katalog numarasıyla yer almaktadır. Adı geçen şairlerden hareketle 16. yüzyıl ya da daha sonrasına ait olduğunu düşündüğümüz mecmuada bilindik şairler olduğu gibi adı duyulmamış şairler de yer almaktadır. Mecmuada Ahmed adına kayıtlı şiirler özellikle dikkat çekmektedir. Bu şaire ait şiirler Ahmed Paşa divanında bulunamamıştır. İkisinin de aynı kişi olup olmadıkları belli değildir.
Pengaruh Independensi, Akuntabilitas, Time pressure dan Due Professional Care Terhadap Kualitas Audit pada Inspektorat Musi Banyuasin Sekayu
Authors: Rahayu Pipit Fitri , Armereo Crystha
Published: January 2020

Abstract The purpose of this study are to determine the independence, accountability, time pressure and due professional care on the audit quality of the Inspektorat Musi Banyuasin in Sekayu. While the population used in this study were all auditors in the Inspectorate of Musi Banyuasin Sekayu to 67 people. The sample that used is 67 people using a census is all the populations sampled. Technique to analyze data are multiple regression analysis with SPSS 20 software tools. The results of the study partially indicate that: (1) independence has a negative effect and not significant towords the audit qualitry of Inspectorate of Musi Banyuasin Sekayu, (2) accountability has a positive effect and not significant towords the audit qualitry of Inspectorate of Musi Banyuasin Sekayu, (3) time pressure has a positive effect and significant towords the audit qualitry of Inspectorate of Musi Banyuasin Sekayu, and (4) due professional care has a positive effect and not significant towords the audit qualitry of Inspectorate of Musi Banyuasin Sekayu. And the results of the simultaneous testing also show that independence, accountability, time pressure and due professional care have a positive and significant effect on the audit quality of Inspectorate Musi Banyuasin Sekayu. Keywords: Independence, Accountability, Time Pressure, Due Professional Care, and Audit Quality.
Peranan Komisaris dan Direksi Bank Syariah dalam Pengelolaan Dana Zakat dan ISR (Islamic Social Responsibility) di Indonesia
Authors: Frastuti Melia , Putra Dimas Pratama , Effendi Erfan
Published: January 2020

Abstract     Almsgiving is one of the pillars supporting the upholding of Islam as the obligation for the adherents to improve horizontal relations between fellow humans and strengthen vertical relations with Allah SWT. The implementation of Islamic Social Responsibility (ISR) of the Islamic Bank gives a positive assessment in sharia agreement, justice and equality, responsibility for work, welfare, guarantee of nature preservation and benevolent assistance that is not profit-oriented.Proper almsgiving management and ISR implementation make Islamic banks trusted by the public in terms of service quality, satisfaction and loyalty of Muzzaki. It reduces bad images, and provides relevant impacts on social welfare and the progress of the era. The data analysis used to test the hypotheses is Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The data is collected by distributing questionnaires to Commissioners and Directors at 14 (fourteen) Islamic Commercial Banks spread throughout Indonesia. The result of this study shows partially prove the role of Islamic bank commissioners in the amsgiving management only, while the importance of the role of directors in Islamic banks in almsgiving management and the implementation of ISR partially. Keywords: Islamic Bank, Commissioners, Directors, Almsgiving and ISR
Rekayasa Alat Pembuat Disk Runner Dengan Sistim Jig Dan Fixture
Authors: Alfian . , Fardinal . , Islamiati . , Andri .
Published: January 2020

Electrical energy at this time is needed in daily life so that the demand for power from the community is so large. PLN in this case as a provider of electric current is very overwhelmed to meet customer demand. For this reason, alternative energy producers called renewable energy are sought, one of which is a micro hydro plant. In West Sumatra alone, PLTMH has considerable potential to reach 500 MW (Source: PLN West Sumatra Regional Research and Development), so that West Sumatra itself has been designated a green energy barn by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources). This is a promising prospect to be developed so that PLTMH equipment can be made with the mastery of appropriate technology. Based on the survey that has been done generally making microhydro turbines is still doing manual work with simple production equipment and very low production volume. The delay in making this generator is in the runner which has a disk component as a holder where the blade will produce rotation. Part made has a specific contour shape and repetitive work. Making disk runners through six workmanship sequences using different CAD applications, tools and places. Jig and Fixture is a technological tool that is suitable for manufacturing micro hydro turbine disk runners where the material holder is on the dividing plate while the torch weld cutter is hung on the guide for the cutting process. These assistive tools designed can eliminate the work process. This mobile device can cut circles with a diameter of 200 mm-300 mm, a blade of as many as 28 pieces with the same distance, shape profile and accuracy and meet the ergonomic aspects for the operator.
Potensi antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol daun bisbul (Diospyros discolor Willd) terhadap edema mencit putih jantan (Mus musculus) terinduksi karagenan
Authors: Noviardi Harry , Sumiati Triyani , Patoni Patoni
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang: Tanaman bisbul (Diospyros discolor Willd) merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh pada iklim tropis. Daun bisbul memiliki aktivitas antiinflasmasi berdasarkan pada kandungan fitokimia. Kandungan fitokimia daun bisbul antara lain alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan steroid. Inflamasi merupakan suatu respons protektif normal terhadap luka jaringan yang disebabkan oleh trauma fisik, zat kimia perusak atau zat-zat mikrobiologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan potensi aktivitas dan dosis efektif dari ekstrak etanol daun bisbul  sebagai antiinflamasi.

Metode: Ekstrak daun bisbul dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antiinflamasi yang dilakukan dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan.Setiap kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor mencit putih jantan (Mus musculus). Kelompok I (kontrol negatif) diberikan 0,5% suspensi Na-CMC; kelompok II (kontrol positif) diberikan natrium diklofenak 0,13 mg; sedangkan kelompok III, IV, dan V secara berturut-turut diberikan ekstrak etanol daun bisbul sebesar 0,5 g/Kg BB, 1 g/Kg BB dan 1,5 g/Kg BB. Masing-masing mencit kemudian diinduksi menggunakan karagenan secara intraplantar. Volume radang diukur dengan menggunakan alat pletismometer dilakukan selama 6 jam dengan interval waktu 60 menit.

Hasil: Dosis ekstrak etanol daun bisbul 0,5 g/Kg BB mempunyai persentase inhibisi udema tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 77,78 % dibandingkan dengan dosis 1 g/Kg dan 1,5 g/Kg BB yang mempunyai persentase akhir yang sama, yaitu sebesar 66,67 %.

Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun bisbul dengan dosis 0,5 g/Kg BB merupakan dosis yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi pada mencit  jantan.
Uji kelembapan krim kolagen cangkang kerang darah (Anadara granosa) dan kerang hijau (Mytilus viridis) pada kulit tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) jantan
Authors: Ariyanti Ariyanti , Masruriati Eni , Tyas Sulistyani Mardaning , Khasanah Khilya Aulia Nur
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang : Pemanfaatan hasil laut di Kendal sudah maksimal, tetapi pemanfaatan limbah belum maksimal untuk kebutuhan penghasilan sehari-hari. Masyarakat pesisir hanya mengkonsumsi daging kerangnya dan tidak memanfaatkan limbah dari cangkang kerang.  Kandungan didalam cangkang kerang berupa Ca + C 98,7%, Mg 0,0476%, Na 0,9192%, P 0,0183%, K 0,0398% dan lebih dari 71% protein kulit adalah kolagen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan cangkang kerang darah dan cangkang kerang hijau  uji fisik krim kolagen cangkang kerang darah (Anadara granosa) dengan cangkang kerang hijau (Mytilus viridis) terhadap kulit tikus putih (Ratus novergicus) jantan.

Metode : Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian post  test control design berupa post only design yang terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan dengan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) jantan. Kelompok kontrol negatif dengan pemberian basis krim dan kelompok uji dengan pemberian krim kolagen cangkang kerang darah (Anadara granosa) dengan cangkang kerang hijau (Mytilus viridis)  konsentrasi 1%, 5%, 10% dan 15%. Parameter yang diamati adalah tingkat kelembaban kulit. Hasil analisa statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA didapatkan hasil tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0,05) untuk kelompok uji konsentrasi 10% dan 15%.

 

Hasil : Krim kolagen cangkang kerang darah (Anadara granosa) dan cangkang kerang hijau (Mytilus viridis) dapat memberikan efek sebagai pelembab pada kulit tikus.

 

Kesimpulan : Konsentrasi yang paling optimal sebagai efek pelembab pada kulit tikus yaitu konsentrasi 15%
Peningkatan Persentase Bobot Karkas Ayam Lokal Pedaging dengan Pemberian Pakan Fermentasi Tepung Kulit Kopi Gayo dan Probiotik di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah
Authors: Ridhana Fita , Fitri Ilma
Published: January 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan fermentasi tepung kulit kopi gayo dengan penambahan probiotik terhadap peningkatan persentase bobot  karkas ayam lokal pedaging. Penelitian dilakukan di Takengon, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah pada bulan Juni-September 2019. Penelitian menggunakan 64 ekor ayam lokal pedaging dan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yaitu pemberian pakan fermentasi 0% (A), 5% (B), 10%(C), dan 15% (D). Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertambahan berat badan, persentase bobot karkas, lemak abdomen, dan konversi pakan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Anava, dan dilakukan uji Duncan apabila data yang diperoleh berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung kulit kopi fermentasi dan probiotik dapat meningkatkan berat badan ayam lokal pedaging dan bobot karkas ayam, akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap lemak abdomen dan konversi pakan. Pemberian pakan fermentasi tepung kulit kopi 5% dapat meningkatkan pertambahan berat badan hingga 81,57 gr/minggu dan bobot karkas ayam hingga 73,29%.
Saluran Komunikasi Lembaga Riset Publik dalam Penyiapan Teknologi Peternakan Mendukung Pengembangan Subsistem Agribisnis Hulu
Authors: Hanifah Vyta W. , Istriningsih Istriningsih , Dewi Yovita Anggita
Published: January 2020

Pembangunan pertanian di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dihadapkan pada perlunya inovasi teknologi pengelolaan lahan kering, khususnya untuk komoditas jagung dan ternak sapi. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) NTT telah banyak menghasilkan inovasi teknologi, namun pada beberapa kasus masih dirasakan tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan saluran komunikasi melalui penelusuran saluran komunikasi dalam penyiapan inovasi pertanian berbasis pengguna mendukung pengembangan subsistem agribisnis hulu oleh BPTP NTT dalam kaitannya dengan Balit Serealia (teknologi jagung) dan Lolit Sapi Potong (teknologi ternak). Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama bulan April-September 2012 menggunakan panduan wawancara terstruktur dengan melibatkan manajemen di ketiga lembaga Litbangtan, swasta (PT Bina Mentari) dan perguruan tinggi (Fakultas Peternakan IPB). Analisis deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk menggambarkan kondisi eksisting dan interaksi yang terjalin antara lembaga penghasil teknologi dengan pengguna. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa proses penciptaan teknologi peternakan oleh lembaga riset publik masih belum mencerminkan adanya upaya penjaringan umpan balik dari pengguna, salah satunya sebagai akibat dari tidak berfungsinya komisi teknologi di daerah. Saluran komunikasi pada proses penyaluran teknologi dari Balit Serealia dan Lolit Sapi Potong ke BPTP NTT sudah terorganisir dengan baik. Pembelajaran dari swasta dan perguruan tinggi mencerminkan adanya pola dan strategi komunikasi yang lebih baik, seperti berjalannya proses penjaringan isu dan informasi dari pengguna, proses umpan balik teknologi, sampai adanya jaminan mutu (after sale) untuk menjaga kualitas sekaligus eksistensi lembaga. Oleh karena itu disarankan perlunya pertemuan konsolidasi yang melibatkan pelaku subsistem agribisnis di hulu, di hilir, pelaku subsistem usahatani dan pelaku subsistem jasa penunjang untuk saling memberikan umpan balik pengembangan sistem agribisnis itu sendiri. Kata Kunci: saluran komunikasi, teknologi peternakan, subsistem agribisnis hulu, lembaga riset publik
KAJIAN BAHAN TAMBAH ATERNATIF SERAT ECENG GONDOK TERHADAP CAMPURAN LATASIR SAND SHEET KELAS A SPESIFIKASI SEKSI-6 2010 BINA MARGA
Authors: Kartikasari Dwi , Sudarso Ilham
Published: January 2020

Asphalt sand layer (Latasir) is a layer of road construction consisting of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, fillers and hard asphalt, which are mixed, spread, and compacted in hot conditions at certain temperatures. In this study is the use of water hyacinth fiber in a mixture of thin layer sand sheet sand grade grade A. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of making test specimens with ingredients added to water hyacinth fiber and the process of testing specimens with ingredients added to water hyacinth fiber. The test was carried out by adding water hyacinth fibers in the sand sheet class A latasir mixture. And with the addition of water hyacinth fiber variations of 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% taken from asphalt content. The final result of this research was Marshall evaluation which was obtained for the effect of the addition of water hyacinth cellulose fiber in this study showed an increase in Marshall stability value of 27.29% with a mixture of 1.2% water hyacinth, plastic fatigue (Flow) decreased by -23 , 89% with a mixture of 0.9% water hyacinth, cavity filled in the mixture (Void in the Mix) increased by 18.65% with a mixture of 1.2% water hyacinth, cavity filled with asphalt (Void Filled With Asphalt) decreased by -8.74% with a mixture of 1.2% water hyacinth, cavity in aggregate (Void In Mineral Aggregate) increased by 7.80% with a mixture of 1.2% water hyacinth, and Marshall Quotient increased by 71.78% with a mixture of 0.9% water hyacinth. These results indicate that water hyacinth fiber can be used as an ingredient to add a mixture of latasir sand sheet class A specifications of clan development. Keywords: sand sheet class A sandflies, Marshall Test Index, water hyacinth fiber, stability, flow, Marshall Quotient.
A Review of Pain Assessment Methods in Laboratory Rodents
Authors: Turner Patricia V , Pang Daniel SJ , Lofgren Jennifer LS
Published: January 2020

Ensuring that laboratory rodent pain is well managed underpins the ethical acceptability of working with these animals in research. Appropriate treatment of pain in laboratory rodents requires accurate assessments of the presence or absence of pain to the extent possible. This can be
challenging some situations because laboratory rodents are prey species that may show subtle signs of pain. Although a number of standard algesiometry assays have been used to assess evoked pain responses in rodents for many decades, these methods likely represent an oversimplification of
pain assessment and many require animal handling during testing, which can result in stress-induced analgesia. More recent pain assessment methods, such as the use of ethograms, facial grimace scoring, burrowing, and nest-building, focus on evaluating changes in spontaneous behaviors or activities
of rodents in their home environments. Many of these assessment methods are time-consuming to conduct. While many of these newer tests show promise for providing a more accurate assessment of pain, most require more study to determine their reliability and sensitivity across a broad range
of experimental conditions, as well as between species and strains of animals. Regular observation of laboratory rodents before and after painful procedures with consistent use of 2 or more assessment methods is likely to improve pain detection and lead to improved treatment and care—a
primary goal for improving overall animal welfare.