bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abuse, self-harm and suicidal ideation in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Iob Eleonora , Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy
Published: July 2020

This study explored patterns of abuse, self-harm and thoughts of suicide/self-harm in the UK during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic using data from the COVID-19 Social Study (n=44 775), a non-probability sample weighted to population proportions. The reported frequency of abuse, self-harm and thoughts of suicide/self-harm was higher among women, Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups and people experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage, unemployment, disability, chronic physical illnesses, mental disorders and COVID-19 diagnosis. Psychiatric medications were the most common type of support being used, but fewer than half of those affected were accessing formal or informal support.
CENP-B creates alternative epigenetic chromatin states permissive for CENP-A or heterochromatin assembly
Authors: Otake Koichiro , Ohzeki Jun-ichirou , Shono Nobuaki , Kugou Kazuto , Okazaki Koei , Nagase Takahiro , Yamakawa Hisashi , Kouprina Natalay , Larionov Vladimir , Kimura Hiroshi , Earnshaw William C. , Masumoto Hiroshi
Published: July 2020

CENP-B binds to CENP-B boxes on centromeric satellite DNAs (known as alphoid DNA in humans). CENP-B maintains kinetochore function through interactions with CENP-A nucleosomes and CENP-C. CENP-B binding to transfected alphoid DNA can induce de novo CENP-A assembly, functional centromere and kinetochore formation, and subsequent human artificial chromosome (HAC) formation. Furthermore, CENP-B also facilitates H3K9 (histone H3 lysine 9) trimethylation on alphoid DNA, mediated by Suv39h1, at ectopic alphoid DNA integration sites. Excessive heterochromatin invasion into centromere chromatin suppresses CENP-A assembly. It is unclear how CENP-B controls such different chromatin states. Here, we show that the CENP-B acidic domain recruits histone chaperones and many chromatin modifiers, including the H3K36 methylase ASH1L, as well as the heterochromatin components Suv39h1 and HP1 (HP1α, β and γ, also known as CBX5, CBX1 and CBX3, respectively). ASH1L facilitates the formation of open chromatin competent for CENP-A assembly on alphoid DNA. These results indicate that CENP-B is a nexus for histone modifiers that alternatively promote or suppress CENP-A assembly by mutually exclusive mechanisms. Besides the DNA-binding domain, the CENP-B acidic domain also facilitates CENP-A assembly de novo on transfected alphoid DNA. CENP-B therefore balances CENP-A assembly and heterochromatin formation on satellite DNA.
Local Heat Therapy to Accelerate Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Authors: Kim Kyoungrae , Monroe Jacob C. , Gavin Timothy P. , Roseguini Bruno T.
Published: July 2020

The prolonged impairment in muscle strength, power, and fatigue resistance after eccentric exercise has been ascribed to a plethora of mechanisms, including delayed muscle refueling and microvascular and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review explores the hypothesis that local heat therapy hastens functional recovery after strenuous eccentric exercise by facilitating glycogen resynthesis, reversing vascular derangements, augmenting mitochondrial function, and stimulating muscle protein synthesis.
On the Influence of Group III/IV Muscle Afferent Feedback on Endurance Exercise Performance
Authors: Amann Markus , Wan Hsuan-Yu , Thurston Taylor S. , Georgescu Vincent P. , Weavil Joshua C.
Published: July 2020

This review discusses evidence suggesting that group III/IV muscle afferents affect locomotor performance by influencing neuromuscular fatigue. These neurons regulate the hemodynamic and ventilatory response to exercise and, thus, assure appropriate locomotor muscle O2 delivery, which optimizes peripheral fatigue development and facilitates endurance performance. In terms of central fatigue, group III/IV muscle afferents inhibit motoneuronal output and thereby limit exercise performance.
Humanitarian approach as a scientific problem
Authors: Andreev Anatoliy , Artemyeva Svetlana
Published: July 2020

The authors of the article reflect on the situation of aggravation of contradictions between the material needs of the individual and the spiritual and informational needs of the individual. Methodology in the Humanities has long been interpreted as a technological side, ignoring the ethical plan. Meanwhile, the picture of the world and the system of humanistic values are determined by the information structure of the individual-personocentrism. The type of information management (conscious or unconscious) depends on the state of this structure. It is proposed to realize personocentrism as a scientific and humanitarian approach, where the object of research is the action of humanitarian laws of thinking, and the subject of research is their manifestation in certain humanitarian disciplines. Given that in the Humanities research deals with the manifestations of the phenomenon being studied-texts, the humanitarian approach is manifested by the interpretation of the text and the construction of theories. For thinking, these are texts of reasoning that lead to theoretical constructions and substantiation of premises and conclusions. [5]

Setting out the vision of overcoming the lag in the progress of informational (spiritual-rational) human development in the information age, the authors attempt to formulate "humanitarian laws", which in fact do not exist, but there are only their manifestations in various forms of humanitarian knowledge through the laws of dialectics in the Sciences, in which there are no laws – the human Sciences. As a result of these reflections, there is a conscious need to introduce the human information structure (personocentrism) as an educational subject into the educational programs of schools and universities.
Education in aesthetics: how to become a successful aesthetic trainer, examiner and assessor
Authors: Swaminathan Vikram , Charlson Paul
Published: July 2020

Vikram Swaminathan and Paul Charlson detail the steps and requirements that aesthetic practitioners need to take to become a successful trainer
Coastal Communities of Balochistan vis–à–vis CPEC: Mapping Perceptions and Socioeconomic Issues
Authors: Shahrukh Naufil , Hussain Shahzad , Azeem Tuba , Khan Samand
Published: July 2020

This study explores the perceptions of the coastal communities of Balochistan vis–à–vis China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a mega–development project in Gwadar. Understanding the socioeconomic issues of the vulnerable coastal communities of the province is critical for the policymakers to ensure an inclusive approach towards development planning. The volatile political situation of this province underscores the need to proactively address the socioeconomic impact of CPEC projects on the local populace by including them in the development process instead of allowing them to be marginalized and exploited at the hands of the forces which are averse to the progress. It attempts to map the expectations and apprehensions of the subjects vis–à–vis changes brought about by CPEC in their region, especially how they perceive their habitat and livelihood being impacted–positively or negatively. Finally, the study charts out a set of recommendations based on the first–hand observations, and advocates devising an integrated strategy at all policy levels for ensuring inclusion of these coastal communities as important stakeholders not only in the mega development taking place in the form of CPEC–led development projects but also in the maritime economy and security of Pakistan.
Impasse of Kashmir and Recurring Pretexts: A Historiographical Analysis
Authors: Aamir Rabiya
Published: July 2020

The relevance of undertaking a historiographic analysis in the context of historically disputed territory of Indian Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IOJ&K) cannot be denied in the wake of revocation of Article 370 and 35A by India on August 5, 2019. This arbitrary decision has opened a recurring dimension of the dispute, which needs to be addressed in a wider perspective. This paper, therefore, calls for environmental justice or eco–postcolonial ethic for IOJ&K —- a perspective, which is important by virtue of its definition only. Eco–postcolonial ethic, defined as a standpoint that brings forth the need to understand the expression of resistance against the oppression of colonizing powers in this postcolonial age, can be one possible way of determining a future course of action vis–a–vis Kashmir dispute. While the context of studying Kashmir in an Indian Pakistani conflict holds its own importance, shifting some frames of reference that incorporate the eco–postcolonial ethic of Kashmir, this paper examines the dispute from the perspective of ‘deceptions‘1or interpellations in the context of Kashmir's history. This historiographic study of some old as well as contemporary texts, besides providing a basic understanding of Kashmir's background and the recurring pattern of its strategic political moves, also helps us belie all the fabricated rhetoric and propaganda that has been lobbied for three quarters of a century.
Intention as the Bridge Between the Ideal and Contingent: Rabea Basri
and the Women of the Tablighi Jamaʿat
Authors: Khan Darakhshan
Published: July 2020

The itinerant men of the Tablighi Jamaʿat, an Islamic reform movement that urges
its followers to travel in the path of Allah, have drawn the attention of
journalists and scholars alike. Dressed in loose trousers that expose his
ankles, a long, flowing beard and a duffel bag slung over his shoulders, the
Tablighi man has been the subject of countless inquiries. The heightened
visibility of the proselytizing men in public spaces and in the media has taken
attention away from the fact that the Tablighi Jamaʿat is as much a movement of
women seeking to fashion a pious self. The unintended consequence of this bias
is that while public meetings of the Jamaʿat, especially the annual gathering of
men in Raiwind (Pakistan), Dhaka (Bangladesh), and Bhopal (India), draw a lot of
attention, an equally, if not more, important site of Tablighi self-fashioning,
namely the home where women convene for the weekly ijtima
(meeting), is barely considered a topic worthy of study. Drawing on ethnographic
fieldwork among the women of the Jamaʿat conducted in Bombay (Mumbai) between
2011 and 2012, this paper will make a case for foregrounding the domestic
space—in all its articulations, imaginations and contestations—in the study of
the Jamaʿat. Framing the Tablighi Jamaʿat as a piety movement rooted in the
domestic opens the intellectual space to theorize about modern female piety as a
balancing act between the ideal and the contingent. It also allows us, as this
paper demonstrates, to tease out the role of intention (niyat)
in the fashioning of the pious female self.
Counting ‘micro-workers’: societal and methodological challenges around new forms of labour
Authors: Tubaro Paola , Le Ludec Clément , Casilli Antonio A.
Published: July 2020

‘Micro-work’ consists of fragmented data tasks that myriad providers execute on online platforms. While crucial to the development of data-based technologies, this poorly visible and geographically spread activity is particularly difficult to measure. To fill this gap, we combined qualitative and quantitative methods (online surveys, in-depth interviews, capture-recapture techniques and web traffic analytics) to count micro-workers in a single country, France. On the basis of this analysis, we estimate that approximately 260,000 people are registered with micro-work platforms. Of these, some 50,000 are ‘regular’ workers who do micro-tasks at least monthly and we speculate that using a more restrictive measure of ‘very active’ workers decreases this figure to 15,000. This analysis contributes to research on platform labour and the labour in the digital economy that lies behind artificial intelligence.
On-demand platforms and pricing: how platforms can impact the informal urban economy, evidence from Bengaluru, India
Authors: Surie Aditi
Published: July 2020

Pricing is one of the most powerful mechanisms platform firms use to internally regulate demand and supply, withstand competitors and achieve profitability (Rochet & Triole, 2003). This article uncovers the effects that platform pricing logics have on existing labour markets within the city of Bengaluru. For this article the platform serves as the object of study, i.e. in determining earnings for service providers for various purposes (like subsidising products by (mis)matching service price and earnings) and it serves as a means to enter the service labour market as it exists in the city. This article looks at how platform service fees, with the particular set of logics of the two-sided markets and intra-capitalist competition, impact adjacent enterprises (informal, own account enterprises) providing the same services. Carpentry, electrical work and plumbing are services with a long history in the city and their breadth of service was not created as a result of the platform (compared to food delivery, for example). Rarely do minimum wage floors factor into the service fee negotiation between providers and clients. The platforms' market does have that impact, creating a standard around their base fee, undercutting the more tacit ways in which workers negotiate their service fees. This article uses ethnographic data from interviews with people working on Urban Company and Housejoy platforms in carpentry, electrical work and plumbing, collected in Bengaluru in 2017-18.
Where platforms meet infrastructures: digital platforms, urban resistance and the ambivalence of the city in the Italian case of Bologna
Authors: Marrone Marco , Peterlongo Gianmarco
Published: July 2020

This article focuses on the central and ambivalent role that cities play in the context of platform capitalism. While on the one hand, urban spaces have become an advanced ground for the operations of capital, on the other they have also become the main stage for resistance movements. The city is thus emerging as a decisive political and socio-economic dimension for understanding the impact of digital platforms on workers and on society. By presenting two Italian case studies from the city of Bologna, we aim to shed light on how cities not only provide the necessary resources and infrastructures for platforms to rise and operate, but also give rise to movements to organise and resist these developments.
Polarization singular patterns in modal fields of few-mode optical fiber
Authors: Hari Krishna C. , Roy Sourabh
Published: July 2020

Structured light with isolated complex

π

-symmetric polarization singular topologies such as lemon, star, and monstar is experimentally generated using few-mode optical fiber (FMF). These singularities, popularly known as C-points, are generated in the fiber modal field as a result of an inherent combination of orthogonally polarized Gaussian and vortex modes, excited simultaneously in FMF and controlled by input coupling conditions. The vortex charge, the state of polarization of the combining modes, and the relative phase difference between them are analyzed using Stokes polarimetry. Further, modal fields consisting of two opposite/similar index C-points are also generated, and the possible mode combinations that are responsible for such complex patterns are discussed. The helicity and index conservations in formation of dipoles also are discussed.
Modulational instability in nonlinear doped optical fiber induced by the cubic–quintic–septic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with higher-order dispersions
Authors: Kefilwe Ndebele Karabo , Bertrand Tabi Conrad , Crépin Kofané Timoléon
Published: July 2020

Considering the theory of electromagnetic waves, from the Maxwell’s equations, we introduce an extended

(

1

+

1

)

D

complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-order dispersions and the cubic, quintic, and septic nonlinear terms, describing the dynamics of extremely short pulses in nonlinear doped optical fibers. Furthermore, we study the modulational instability of the plane wave theoretically using the linear stability analysis, via the gain spectrum. The linear theory predicts instability for any amplitude of the primary wave, where not only the higher-order dispersion terms highly influence the occurrence of modulational instability but also the combined effect between dispersion and higher-order nonlinear terms modifies the gain spectrum. Mainly, importance is paid to the competition between sixth-order dispersion and septic non-Kerr nonlinearities. This gives rise to new spectra of instability and therefore confirms the validity of both the proposed model and subsequent modulational instability manifestation.
Dynamic contrast in scanning microscopic OCT
Authors: Münter Michael , vom Endt Malte , Pieper Mario , Casper Malte , Ahrens Martin , Kohlfaerber Tabea , Rahmanzadeh Ramtin , König Peter , Hüttmann Gereon , Schulz-Hildebrandt Hinnerk
Published: July 2020

While optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a resolution down to
1 µm, it has difficulties in visualizing cellular structures due to a
lack of scattering contrast. By evaluating signal fluctuations, a
significant contrast enhancement was demonstrated using time-domain
full-field OCT (FF-OCT), which makes cellular and subcellular
structures visible. The putative cause of the dynamic OCT signal is
the site-dependent active motion of cellular structures in a
sub-micrometer range, which provides histology-like contrast. Here we
demonstrate dynamic contrast with a scanning frequency-domain OCT
(FD-OCT), which we believe has crucial advantages. Given the inherent
sectional imaging geometry, scanning FD-OCT provides depth-resolved
images across tissue layers, a perspective known from histopathology,
much faster and more efficiently than FF-OCT. Both shorter acquisition
times and tomographic depth-sectioning reduce the sensitivity of
dynamic contrast for bulk tissue motion artifacts and simplify their
correction in post-processing. Dynamic contrast makes microscopic
FD-OCT a promising tool for the histological analysis of unstained
tissues.
Stable, low-error, and calibration-free polarization encoder for free-space quantum communication
Authors: Avesani Marco , Agnesi Costantino , Stanco Andrea , Vallone Giuseppe , Villoresi Paolo
Published: July 2020

Polarization-encoded free-space quantum communication requires a quantum state source featuring fast modulation, long-term stability, and a low intrinsic error rate. Here we present a polarization encoder that, contrary to previous solutions, generates predetermined polarization states with a fixed reference frame in free-space. The proposed device does not require calibration either at the transmitter or at the receiver and achieves long-term stability. A proof-of-concept experiment is also reported, demonstrating a quantum bit error rate lower than 0.2% for several hours without any active recalibration.
Digital twin-enabled self-evolved optical transceiver using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Danshi , Zhang Min , Cui Siheng
Published: July 2020

Due to their high flexibility, programmable optical transceivers (POT) are regarded as one of the key optical components in optical fiber communications, where diverse transceiver freedom degrees can be controlled according to real-time network states. However, the adaptivity of classic POT modeling and controlling is limited to the prior-knowledge-dependent quality of the transmission estimation model or uncomprehensive training dataset, which has great difficulties in enabling adaptive POT modeling and controlling to evolve with time-varied network states. Here, a powerful dynamic modeling technique called digital twin (DT), enabled by the deep reinforcement learning (DRL), is first proposed for the adaptive POT modeling and controlling, to the best of our knowledge. The experimental and simulation results show that the lowest spectrum consumption and minimum latency are both available in the proposed POT, compared with the classic POTs based on neural networks and maximum capability provisioning. We believe that the proposed DT will open a new avenue for the adaptive optical component modeling and controlling for dynamic optical networks.
Estudio exploratorio en iberoamérica sobre procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y propuesta de evaluación en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Fardoun Habib , González Carina , Collazos César A. , Yousef Mohammad
Published: July 2020

El sistema educativo en tiempos de pandemia ha tenido que transformarse de forma urgente e imprevista a una modalidad virtual. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio exploratorio sobre las principales dificultades encontradas por las instituciones educativas en Iberoamérica y algunas estrategias utilizadas en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje. Asimismo, teniendo en cuenta el análisis previo, se propone un modelo de evaluación a considerar en los planes de contingencia debido a la emergencia sanitaria.
Quality of guava fruits bagged with different materials in an organic system
Authors: Neto Sebastião Elviro de Araújo , Rocha Cleb , De Farias Josianny Feitosa , Minosso Shirlei Cristina Cerqueira , Ferreira Regina Lúcia Félix
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the interference of bagging materials on the incidence of insect larvae and the physical and chemical quality of the guava cv. Paluma in an organic system. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with seven treatments and four replications of 25 fruits each. The bagging materials (treatments) were: nonwoven fabric (TNT), transparent plastic bag, white plastic bag, parchment paper, kraft paper, and non-bagged fruits (control). The titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid, soluble solids (SS), SS/TA ratio, fresh mass, fruit diameter, fruit length, appearance, and fruit fly incidence were evaluated. Fruit bagging increased the fresh fruit mass, except the tulle bag, which did not change fruit diameter but increased fruit length. There was a high incidence of fruit flies in the non-bagged fruits (100%) and in those with tulle bags (56.53%), reduced to 2.15% when using parchment paper, and reaching the absence of bored fruits when using nonwoven fabric, transparent plastic, and white plastic bags, materials that provided the highest percentages of marketable fruits. All bagging materials did not change the total titratable acidity content and the SS/TA ratio; however, all of them reduced the content of total soluble solids, except the tulle bag. Fruit bagging with nonwoven fabric and parchment paper increased the content of ascorbic acid. Fruit bagging with parchment paper, plastic bag, and nonwoven fabric are efficient in the organic production of guavas for preventing the infection by insect larvae and maintaining the physical and chemical quality of the fruit.
Akumulasi Biomasa Fitoplankton yang Diukur sebagai Klorofil-a di Perairan Teluk Doreri, Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Alianto Alianto , Kambanussy Yorry , Sembel Luky , Hamuna Baigo
Published: July 2020

The accumulation of phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll-a is highly depends on the availability of ammonia and silicate in the waters. The purpuses of the study were examining the concentration of chlorophyll-a and its relation with ammonia and silicate in the waters of Doreri Bay, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. Water sampling is carried out at 10 stations. Parameters measured include chlorophyll-a, ammonia and silicate. The measurement results of chlorophyll-a concentration ranged from 0.23-3.77 μg/L with an meanof 0.82 μg/L. Ammonia and silicate concentrations ranged from 2.35-4.11 μM with an mean of 2.64 μM and 2.00-7.50 μM with an mean of 3.91 μM, respectively. The relationships of chlorophyll-a concentration with ammonia and silicate showed positive and negative relationships, respectively.  Akumulasi biomasa fitoplankton yang diukur sebagai klorofil-a sangat tergantung pada ketersediaan amonia dan silikat di perairan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi klorofil-a serta hubungannya dengan amonia dan silikat di perairan Teluk Doreri, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat. Pengambilan contoh air dilakukan pada 10 stasiun. Parameter yang diukur meliputi klorofil-a, amonia dan silikat. Hasil pengukuran konsentrasi klorofil-a berkisar dari 0,23-3,77 μg/L dengan rata-rata sebesar 0,82 μg/L. Konsentrasi amonia dan silikat secara berturut-turut berkisar dari 2,35-4,11 μM dengan rata-rata sebesar 2,64 μM dan 2,00-7,50 μM dengan rata-rata sebesar 3,91μM. Hubungan konsentrasi klorofil-a dengan amonia dan silikat secara berturut-turut menunjukkan hubungan positif dan negatif.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Rhizophora mucronata Poiret terhadap Salmonella thypi, Lignières 1900 (Enterobacteriaceae : Gammaproteobacteria)
Authors: Mahmiah Mahmiah , Rama Serdian Pinaris , Riwanti Pramudita
Published: July 2020

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine caused by Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C. Antibiotics commonly used for Salmonella infections are fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. However, Salmonella has been resistant to these antibiotics. The many occurrences of antibiotic resistance encourage researchers to find solutions. Rhizophora mucronata is a mangrove from the family Rhizophoraceae. Phytochemically, Rhizophora mucronata is rich in many kinds of compounds such as tannins, alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids and saponins which important in suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Rhizophora mucronata bark against the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria looked at the clear zone around the well. This research is an experimental laboratory study using the well diffusion method. Rhizophora mucronata bark samples were extracted by maceration method. The results is the inhibition zone diameter methanol extract of Rhizophora mucronata bark with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (b / v) classified as moderate (9.22 mm) to strong (13.78 mm) , the greater the concentration, the greater the diameter of the inhibition zone.  Demam tifoid adalah penyakit infeksi akut usus halus yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi atau Salmonella paratyphi A, B dan C. Antibiotik yang umum digunakan dalam penatalaksanaan infeksi bakteri yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella adalah fluoroquinolones dan tetrasiklin. Akan tetapi, Salmonella telah mengalami resisten terhadap antibiotik tersebut. Rhizophora mucronata merupakan mangrove dari famili Rhizophoraceae. Secara fitokimia, Rhizophora mucronata kaya dengan beberapa macam senyawa seperti tannin, alkaloid, flavanoid, terpenoid dan saponin yang berperan penting dalam menekan mikroorganisme patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol kulit batang Rhizophora mucronata terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi dengan melihat adanya zona bening disekitar sumuran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratories dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Sampel kulit batang Rhizophora mucronata dilakukan ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan oleh ekstrak metanol kulit batang Rhizophora mucronata dengan konsentrasi 20 %, 40 %, 60 % dan 80 % (b/v) tergolong sedang (9,22 mm) hingga kuat (13,78 mm), semakin besar kosentrasi maka semakin besar juga diameter zona hambatnya.
Komposisi Pigmen pada Ulva sp., Padina australis dan Hypnea sp. dari Pantai Tablolong Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Pesang Martice Desi , Ngginak James , Kase Alfred Gasper Onisimus , Bisilissin Coni Lisandra Balle
Published: July 2020

Indonesia has marine biological natural resources consisting of fish, seaweed, crabs and shrimp which are very potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of pigments in Ulva sp (Chlorophyta), Padina australis (Paeophyta) and Hypnea sp (Rhodophyta) obtained from Tablolong waters. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Proof of pigment in samples using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results of pigment analysis of Ulva sp obtained twelve color spots with identified pigment types consisting of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll, b-carotene and feofitin. The pigment content identified in Padina australis samples are chlorophyll b, feoforbid, xanthophyll, chlorophyll a, carotene and feofitin a. The types of pigments identified in Ulva sp include pigment chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and feofitin from the total color spots formed. Based on the results of this study concluded that non-cultivated seaweed obtained from Tablolong waters contains carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments. Suggestions from this study are expected to do an analysis of pigment content analysis in the dry season time period and continued with antioxidant testing.  Indonesia memiliki Sumber Daya Alam hayati laut yang terdiri dari ikan, rumput laut, kepiting dan udang yang sangat potensial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi pigmen pada Ulva sp (Chlorophyta), Padina australis (Paeophyta)  dan Hypnea sp (Rhodophyta)  yang diperoleh dari perairan Tablolong. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pembuktian pigmen pada sampel menggunakan Kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Hasil analisis pigmen dari Ulva sp diperoleh dua belas spot warna dengan jenis pigmen yang teridentifikasi terdiri dari klorofil a, klorofil b, xantofil, b-karoten dan feofitin. Kandungan pigmen yang teridentifikasi pada sampel Padina australis adalah klorofil b, feoforbid, xantofil, klorofil a, karoten dan feofitin a. Jenis pigmen yang teridentifikasi pada Ulva sp meliputi pigmen klorofil a, klorofil b, karoten dan feofitin dari total spot warna yang terbentuk. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa rumput laut non budidaya yang diperoleh dari perairan Tablolong memiliki kandungan pigmen karotenoid dan klorofil. Saran dari penelitian ini diharapkan dilakukan peneltian analisis kandungan pigmen pada periode waktu musim kemarau serta dilanjutkan dengan uji antioksidan.
Penentuan Cepat Toksisitas Logam Perak Menggunakan Bioluminesen Bakteri Laut Aliivibrio fischeri, Beijerinck, 1889 (Gammaproteobacteria: Vibrionaceae)
Authors: Futra Dedi , Heng Lee Yook , Ahmad Asmat
Published: July 2020

Rapid determination of toxicity based on changes in the bioluminescent signal of marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri) to evaluate toxicity of Ag(I) has been successfully developed. Assessment of toxicity was designed using inhibition of bioluminescent signal from A. fischeri bacteria, which was exposed with toxic material of Ag(I). This metal ion was utilized as a model of toxic material to evaluate the effects of cytotoxicity on bacteria cell. Measurement of bioluminescent were taken based on differences in bacterial cell signals before and after exposure to Ag(I) ion at an emission wavelength of 488±2 nm. The concentration of bacterial cell was used to assess the toxicity of Ag(I) at optical density (OD600 nm) of 0.78 Abs. The results found that the linear response of Ag toxicity was in the range of 0.05–10 mg/L, with EC50% of 8.42 mg/L for 4 minutes. The repeatability value within the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.5-4.7% (n=8).  The results demonstrated that the marine bacteria of A. fischeri have good potential to evaluate toxicity of toxic material in environmental samples. Penentuan cepat toksisitas berdasarkan perubahan sinyal bioluminesen bakteri laut Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri) untuk mengevaluasi toksisitas logam perak (Ag(I)) telah sukses dikembangkan. Penilaian toksisitas didesain berdasarkan penghambatan sinyal bioluminesen bakteri A. fischeri oleh bahan toksik. Ion logam Ag(I) digunakan sebagai model bahan toksik untuk menilai efek sitotiksisitas pada sel bakteri. Pengukuran bioluminesen diambil berdasarkan perbedaan sinyal sel bakteri sebelum dan sesudah diekspos pada ion logam Ag(I) pada panjang gelombang emisi 488±2 nm. Konsentrasi sel bakteri yang digunakan untuk menilai toksisitas Ag(I) pada optikal densitas 600 (OD 600 nm) = 0.78 Abs.  Hasil kajian ditemukan bahwa respons linear toksisitas Ag(I) pada rentang 0.05–10 mg/L, dengan nilai EC50% sebesar 8.42 mg/L pada waktu respons 4 menit dan nilai repeatibilitas toksisitas diperoleh sebesar 2.5-4.7 % RSD (relatif standar deviasi, n=8). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteri laut A. fischeri memiliki potensi yang baik untuk menilai toksisitas bahan toksik dalam sampel lingkungan.
Sebaran Spasial Suhu, Salinitas dan Densitas di Perairan Kepulauan Sangihe Talaud Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Ismail Mochamad Furqon Azis , Taofiqurohman Ankiq
Published: July 2020

The Sangihe Talaud waters are part of the toll road of the Indonesian Throughflow, which has an important role in the transport of seawater properties from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. To understand the distribution pattern of physical oceanography parameters namely temperature, salinity, density around the waters of Sangihe Talaud, the research expedition Widya Nusantara Expedition (EWIN) has been conducted using the research vessel Baruna Jaya VIII. The temperature, salinity, and density of the seawater were measured using the CTD Seabird 911plus instrument at 33 stations distributed on the Sangihe Talaud waters. The results of the temperature analysis showed the presence of surface temperature zoning between the Sulawesi Sea and the north of the Maluku Sea, while the salinity distribution showed a low to high salinity gradient from the east to the west side of the Sangihe Talaud waters. The density distribution represents three zones of surface density detected in the north of the Maluku Sea, the northeast side and the west side of the Sangihe and Talaud waters.  Perairan kepulauan Sangihe Talaud merupakan bagian dari jalur tol laut Arus Lintas Indonesia yang memiliki peran penting dalam transpor properti air laut dari Samudera Pasifik ke Samudera Hindia. Untuk mengungkap pola sebaran parameter oseanografi fisik seperti suhu, salinitas dan densitas laut di perairan kepulauan Sangihe Talaud, telah dilakukan kegiatan penelitian Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara (EWIN) dengan menggunakan kapal riset Baruna Jaya VIII. Suhu, salinitas, dan densitas air laut diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen CTD Seabird 911Plus pada 33 stasiun pengamatan yang tersebar di perairan Kepulauan Sangihe Talaud. Hasil Analisa suhu menunjukan adanya zonasi sebaran suhu permukaan antara laut Sulawesi dan utara Laut Maluku, adapun sebaran salinitas menunjukan adanya gradien salinitas rendah ke tinggi dari sisi timur ke sisi barat perairan kepulauan Sangihe Talaud. Sedangkan sebaran densitas laut memperlihatkan adanya tiga zonasi densitas permukaan yang terdeteksi di utara Laut Maluku, sisi timur laut dan sisi barat perairan kepulauan Sangihe Talaud.
Searching for the unit of meaning: Knowledge construction in university small group talk
Authors: Pan Yun
Published: July 2020

Previous research has extensively addressed the relationship between collaborative knowledge construction and communicative language use. For interactive academic talk, a broad range of socio-cultural factors has been investigated to examine group dynamics for the construction of disciplinary or linguistic knowledge. What has been overlooked, however, is a focus on the basic unit of meaning for a cognitive interpretation of knowledge structures. This study is aimed to bridge the research gap by examining the semantic–pragmatic interface involved in collaborative knowledge construction in a Higher Educational setting. Using a specialized corpus of university small group talk, this study conducts an empirical linguistic inquiry into the participants’ discursive practice of drawing particular lexical concepts to invoke and manipulate knowledge structures for meaning negotiation. The research findings contribute to understanding the relationship between linguistically represented knowledge and the way language users conceptualize the academic world.
BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells
Authors: Ma Bin , Guo Wenjia , Shan Meihui , Zhang Nan , Ma Binlin , Sun Gang
Published: July 2020

This study is to investigate the effect of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway on the regulation of BRCA1 subcellular localization in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells. We found that heregulin-activated T47D cells showed more nuclear localization of BRCA1, but BRCA1 nuclear localization decreased after the inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway. In MDA-MB-231 cells, activation or inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway did not significantly affect cell apoptosis and BRCA1 nuclear translocation (P > 0.05). However, in T47D cells, the activation of the PI3K pathway significantly increased cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). In the heregulin-activated MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells, the phosphorylation of Akt and BRCA1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while that was significantly reduced after PI3K pathway inhibition (P < 0.05). The changing trends of the mRNA levels of Akt and BRCA1 in MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells after PI3K pathway activation or inhibition were consistent with the trends of their proteins. In both MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells, BRCA1 phosphorylation is regulated by the PI3K signaling pathway, but the nuclear localization of BRCA1 is different in these two cell lines. Moreover, the apoptosis rates of these two cell lines are different.
Effects of calcium dobesilate (CaD) interference on serum creatinine measurements: a national External Quality Assessment (EQA)-based educational survey of drug-laboratory test interactions
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Guo Xiuzhi , Hou Li’an , Zhao Haijian , Ma Rong , Xia Liangyu , Li Honglei , You Tingting , Qiu Ling , Zhang Chuanbao
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Drug-laboratory test interactions (DLTIs) are one of the major sources of laboratory errors. Calcium dobesilate (CaD) interference on serum creatinine testing is a widespread problem that has long been ignored in China. A national EQA-based survey was launched to investigate the current status of CaD interference on creatinine routine methods used in China and enhance the education of CaD interference in clinical laboratories.

Methods

A descriptive survey was developed to characterize the status quo of Chinese laboratory professionals’ cognition to CaD interference. Four of survey samples which were spiked with/without interference additive were shipped to 175 participant laboratories. The target reference values from a reference measurement procedure were compared against the results from participating laboratories to evaluate the CaD interference on serum creatinine measurements using enzymatic method or Jaffé method.

Results

The lack of knowledge of DLTIs and the barriers to collect information from pharmacological and laboratory data systems had become the main problems on implementing DLTIs education in China. A significant negative influence of CaD on enzymatic method was observed regardless of measurement platforms. Jaffé method was generally free from interaction with CaD but showed poor precision and accuracy at low creatinine concentrations.

Conclusions

More efforts should be made to enhance the education of DLTIs in clinical laboratories in China.
Conceptual blends in Polish anti-refugee rhetoric
Authors: Linde-Usiekniewicz Jadwiga
Published: July 2020

Present day anti-refugee and anti-immigrant rhetoric both in European countries and in the USA makes reference both to shared tropes and to culture-specific rhetoric devices. The paper analyzes four instances of Polish rabid anti-refugee rhetoric that is eminently country specific: they invoke Holocaust scenario as the means of dealing with the refugee question, should they appear on Polish soil, and specifically suggest exterminating them in former Nazi death camps. The analysis is carried out within the Conceptual Integration Theory, amended by the Author with the notion of parasitic blends: these are said to occur when audiences recruit into the blend some elements of the two input spaces that were not intended to be recruited and come up with an emergent meaning that differ from the intended one. It is claimed that such possibility is actually built into CIT and explains why some of the criticism of CIT claims blends’ non-predictability and generally ex-post character of most analyses found in relevant literature.
Learning formulaic creativity: Chunking in verbal art and speech – a response to Cristóbal Pagán Cánovas
Authors: Bergs Alexander
Published: July 2020

This response to the paper by Cristóbal Pagán Cánovas argues that wide-learning networks might actually be useful in the description and analysis of phonology and morphology, but it is less than clear that the same applies to syntax or text. Phenomena such as proverbs and oral poetic formulae are probably better understood in a traditional Construction Grammar framework with mid-level abstract units based on compositionality.
Thinking like an electron: concepts pertinent to developing proficiency in organic reaction mechanisms
Authors: Nedungadi Sachin , Brown Corina E.
Published: July 2020

The difficulties students face with organic reaction mechanisms have been the subject of much research in chemical education however, no concept inventory has been reported in this area. The development of a concept inventory would be useful for the large-scale assessment of students’ understanding of concepts pertinent to developing proficiency in reaction mechanisms. The first step in the design of such an inventory is identifying the pertinent concepts. In phase 1 of this study, open-ended interviews were carried out with organic chemistry instructors (N = 11) in order to ascertain their opinions on pertinent concepts for developing proficiency in reaction mechanisms. Phase 2 of the study consisted of a national survey of organic chemistry instructors (N = 183) to explore the general consensus regarding the concepts identified in phase 1. The results yielded 10 concepts identified by experts to be pertinent to reaction mechanisms. The general consensus among organic chemistry instructors is that the topic of reaction mechanisms is important to the study of organic chemistry, but students have difficulty understanding the meaning of the curved-arrow notation. Future work will include the design and development of a concept inventory based on these pertinent concepts.
Designing a scaffold for mechanistic reasoning in organic chemistry
Authors: Graulich Nicole , Caspari Ira
Published: July 2020

Designing problems and learning activities is a key factor to initiating students’ engagement with the course material and influencing their reasoning processes. Although tasks and problems are a central part of teaching and assessments in the chemistry classroom, they may not engage students in deep reasoning or in a way that is intended through a task. Some problems may cause an algorithmic or a surface approach. Even with designing clever problems, students may not use a larger variety of chemistry ideas and connect them in meaningful ways. Here the idea of scaffolding students’ answering process comes into play. Structuring students’ reasoning process through instructional prompts or structured worksheets supports students in activating and connecting knowledge pieces in a more meaningful way and positively slows down their fast decision-making process. This paper will discuss the importance of asking questions in chemistry teaching and highlights the idea of contrasting cases, drawn from cognitive psychology, as a task design principle. In addition to having contrasting cases as a good problem format, the idea of scaffolding students’ reasoning while solving contrasting cases through the use of instructional prompts that scaffold the reasoning process will be exemplarily showcased for mechanistic reasoning in organic chemistry.
Sociocultural learning in emergency medicine: a holistic examination of competence
Authors: Docherty Marcia A.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

In the medical community of practice, the resident is situated in systems of professional and cultural activities. How diagnostic competence manifests in their sociocultural context is examined through situativity and systems theories. A holistic model is proposed that could examine diagnostic competence across micro (individual), meso (activity), and macro (cultural) systems.

Methods

Two short scenarios are presented resulting from observations of emergency medicine residents and their supervising physicians. These scenarios are analyzed using a trans-theoretical model of situativity and systems theories to understand how diagnostic competence manifests in practice (activity system).

Results

Assessment of diagnostic competence in a sociocultural context may require assessment of responses to contextual factors that seem immaterial to clinical reasoning. This information may signal that the resident also has the skills to identify appropriate information channels within an activity system and can accurately collect and prioritize clinical information within those channels. Therefore, the formal assessment of competent clinical reasoning performance, as a situated practice, may benefit from delineating how much of the context of an activity system is required to be competently managed and synthesized across the competency milestones.

Conclusions

The examination of diagnostic competence as a sociocultural practice can provide a unique and holistic examination of clinical reasoning performance and assessment.
Surface Hardening of Aluminium Alloy with Addition of Zinc Particles by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Muhayat Nurul , Utama Alvian Restu Putra , Triyono
Published: July 2020

Mechanical alloying can be carried out by a method known as friction stir processing, whereby solid Zn particles in a solution are distributed onto an aluminium alloy plate. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a volume of Zn particles on the mechanical and physical properties of aluminium 1xxx alloy that had been subjected to friction stir processing. The specimens were plates composed of 1xxx series aluminium. A groove, measuring 12 mm in diameter, was pierced to various depths, and the Zn particles in these containers were then subjected to friction stir processing using a pin-less tool with a diameter of 15 mm. The results showed that the highest hardness was found in the uppermost layer of the workpiece, and this gradually decreased with thickness. An increase in the amount of Zn particles caused an increase in material hardness. The highest hardness of 87.1 HV in the friction stir-processed AA1100 was obtained at the highest volume of Zn compared to the hardness of 44.5 HV, which was obtained for the specimen without the addition of Zn.
Is the Interest Rate Channel still working? Post-Crisis Evidence from German SMEs
Authors: Gerstenberger Juliane
Published: July 2020

Using a unique dataset from German small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we test whether pessimistic business expectations have impeded the functioning of the interest rate channel during the post-crisis period. We estimate firms’ user cost elasticity of capital for the period 2008–2015, and test whether this elasticity differs for firms that hold pessimistic business expectations compared with those that hold positive expectations. Our results show that SMEs have significantly responded to changes in the user cost of capital during the post-crisis period. However, the results are mainly driven by SMEs that hold positive business expectations. Firms having neutral or negative expectations depict a much smaller user cost elasticity, which is not statistically different from zero. Our results reveal the limitations of an expansionary monetary policy and confirm the important role that expectations play for firms’ investment decisions.