bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saturn's Multiple, Variable Periodicities: A Dual‐Flywheel Model of Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Magnetosphere Coupling
Authors: Brooks E. L. , Fernandez C. , Pontius D. H.
Published: August 2019

The Jovian flywheel model was developed to explain the remarkable steadiness of the observed corotation lag in Jupiter's magnetosphere. The key conclusion of that research was that the observed lag is primarily due to slippage within the neutral atmosphere, with only a small fraction of it arising from slippage between the thermosphere and magnetosphere. Moreover, the neutral wind profile in the atmosphere responds very slowly, so it acts as a mechanical flywheel to dampen out temporal variations with timescales less than several months. We adapt the model for Saturn by allowing the Pedersen conductance to differ in the northern and southern hemispheres. In steady state, the two neutral thermospheres then have different rotation rates that can slowly vary with the season on Saturn as solar illumination of the poles varies.
Potassium and Thorium Abundances at the South Pole‐Aitken Basin Obtained by the Kaguya Gamma‐Ray Spectrometer
Authors: Naito M. , Hasebe N. , Nagaoka H. , Wöhler C. , Berezhnoy A. A. , Bhatt M. , Kim K. J.
Published: August 2019

In this study, we present detailed K and Th distribution maps of the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) basin with a (100‐km)2 resolution for the compositional and evolutional studies. These maps have been constructed for the first time from the Kaguya gamma‐ray spectrometer (KGRS) data sets acquired during SELENE (Kaguya) low‐altitude observations at 50 km. The K and Th distribution maps are compared with those obtained by KGRS high‐altitude observation and Lunar Prospector GRS high‐ and low‐altitude observations. The use of KGRS low‐altitude data sets with high energy resolution enable to obtain unambiguous counts of individual gamma‐ray lines, leading precise elemental maps of K and Th comparing to previous studies. K and Th abundances at the areas of some large impact craters infilled with mare deposits are lower than that in surrounding regions. Geologic maps of the SPA region obtained by the Kaguya Multiband Imager are assimilated and confirmed based on the K and Th distributions. The evolution hypothesis of the SPA region based on the SPA giant impact event suggested by some previous model studies is also confirmed.
Polariton polarization rectifier
Authors: Sedov Evgeny S. , Rubo Yuri G. , Kavokin Alexey V.
Published: August 2019

We propose a novel photonic device, the polariton polarization rectifier, intended to transform polariton pulses with arbitrary polarization into linearly polarized pulses with controllable orientation of the polarization plane. It is based on the interplay between the orbital motion of the polariton wave packet and the dynamics of the polariton pseudospin governed by the spatially dependent effective magnetic field. The latter is controlled by the TE-TM splitting in a harmonic trap. We show that the unpolarized polariton pulse acquires linear polarization in the course of propagation in a harmonic trap. This gives the considered structure an extra function as a linear polarizer of polariton pulses.
Deciphering links between bacterial interactions and spatial organization in multispecies biofilms
Authors: Liu Wenzheng , Jacquiod Samuel , Brejnrod Asker , Russel Jakob , Burmølle Mette , Sørensen Søren J
Published: August 2019

Environmental microbes frequently live in multispecies biofilms where mutualistic relationships and co-evolution may occur, defining spatial organization for member species and overall community functions. In this context, intrinsic properties emerging from microbial interactions, such as efficient organization optimizing growth and activities in multispecies biofilms, may become the object of fitness selection. However, little is known on the nature of underlying interspecies interactions during establishment of a predictable spatial organization within multispecies biofilms. We present a comparative metatranscriptomic analysis of bacterial strains residing in triple-species and four-species biofilms, aiming at deciphering molecular mechanisms underpinning bacterial interactions responsible of the remarkably enhanced biomass production and associated typical spatial organization they display. Metatranscriptomic profiles concurred with changes in micro-site occupation in response to the addition/removal of a single species, being driven by both cooperation, competition, and facilitation processes. We conclude that the enhanced biomass production of the four-species biofilm is an intrinsic community property emerging from finely tuned space optimization achieved through concerted antagonistic and mutualistic interactions, where each species occupies a defined micro-site favoring its own growth. Our results further illustrate how molecular mechanisms can be better interpreted when supported by visual imaging of actual microscopic spatial organization, and we propose phenotypic adaptation selected by social interactions as molecular mechanisms stabilizing microbial communities.
The schizophrenia genetics knowledgebase: a comprehensive update of findings from candidate gene studies
Authors: Liu Chenxing , Kanazawa Tetsufumi , Tian Ye , Mohamed Saini Suriati , Mancuso Serafino , Mostaid Md Shaki , Takahashi Atsushi , Zhang Dai , Zhang Fuquan , Yu Hao , Doo Shin Hyoung , Sub Cheong Hyun , Ikeda Masashi , Kubo Michiaki , Iwata Nakao , Woo Sung-Il , Yue Weihua , Kamatani Yoichiro , Shi Yongyong , Li Zhiqiang , Everall Ian , Pantelis Christos , Bousman Chad
Published: August 2019

Over 3000 candidate gene association studies have been performed to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia. However, a comprehensive evaluation of these studies’ findings has not been undertaken since the decommissioning of the schizophrenia gene (SzGene) database in 2011. As such, we systematically identified and carried out random-effects meta-analyses for all polymorphisms with four or more independent studies in schizophrenia along with a series of expanded meta-analyses incorporating published and unpublished genome-wide association (GWA) study data. Based on 550 meta-analyses, 11 SNPs in eight linkage disequilibrium (LD) independent loci showed Bonferroni-significant associations with schizophrenia. Expanded meta-analyses identified an additional 10 SNPs, for a total of 21 Bonferroni-significant SNPs in 14 LD-independent loci. Three of these loci (MTHFR, DAOA, ARVCF) had never been implicated by a schizophrenia GWA study. In sum, the present study has provided a comprehensive summary of the current schizophrenia genetics knowledgebase and has made available all the collected data as a resource for the research community.
Altered polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in relation to proinflammatory cytokines, fatty acid desaturase genotype, and diet in bipolar disorder
Authors: Koga Norie , Ogura Jun , Yoshida Fuyuko , Hattori Kotaro , Hori Hiroaki , Aizawa Emiko , Ishida Ikki , Kunugi Hiroshi
Published: August 2019

Inflammation and altered polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels have been implicated in bipolar disorder (BD). A recent genome-wide association study identified a locus in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster conferring susceptibility to BD. In this study, we examined PUFA levels in patients with BD in relation to proinflammatory cytokines, FADS genotype, and dietary habits. We enrolled 83 patients with BD and 217 healthy controls who underwent plasma PUFA measurement. A subsample of 65 patients and 90 controls underwent plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) measurement, and three FADS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. Information on fish consumption was obtained by a self-reported diet history questionnaire. In comparing PUFA levels between patients and controls, significant differences were found for all 7 PUFAs tested. Specifically, n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) level was decreased, and n-6 arachidonic acid level was increased in the patients (p < 0.0001 for both). Plasma IL-6 and TNFα levels were both significantly increased in the patients. Plasma EPA level was negatively correlated with IL-6 and TNFα levels. The FADS genotype, which was associated with increased n-6 PUFA levels, was also associated with marked elevation in TNFα levels. Less frequent fish intake was associated with low EPA and high IL-6 level. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence for altered plasma PUFA and proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with BD. Furthermore, FADS genotype and fish consumption may contribute not only to altered PUFA levels but also to inflammation in BD.
Abnormal structural brain network and hemisphere-specific changes in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Wang Li , Bi Kun , An Jing , Li Meng , Li Ke , Kong Qing-Mei , Li Xue-Ni , Lu Qing , Si Tian-Mei
Published: August 2019

Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by episodic binge eating and purging behaviors. Disrupted neural processes of self-regulation, taste-rewarding, and body image has been associated with the pathogenesis of BN. However, the structural basis for these behavioral and functional deficits remains largely unknown. We employed diffusion tensor imaging and graph theory approaches (including the nodal properties and network-based statistics (NBS)) to characterize the whole-brain structural network of 48 BN and 44 healthy women. For nodal measures of strength, local efficiency, and betweenness centrality, BN patients displayed abnormal increases in multiple left-lateralized nodes within the mesocorticolimbic reward circuitry (including the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, insular, medial temporal, and subcortical areas), lateral temporal-occipital cortex, and precuneus, while reduced global efficiency was observed in the right-lateralized nodes within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, mesocorticolimbic circuitry, somatosensory and visuospatial system. Several mesocorticolimbic nodes significantly correlated with BN symptoms. At a network level, we found increased left-lateralized connections primarily within the orbitofrontal cortex and its connections to mesocorticolimbic and lateral temporal-occipital areas, but reduced right-lateralized connections across the inferior frontal gyrus and insula, as well as their connections to the lateral temporal cortex. This study revealed BN-related changes in white-matter connections across the prefrontal control, mesocorticolimbic reward, somatosensory and visuospatial systems. The hemispheric-specific change could be an important aspect of the pathophysiology of BN. By characterizing whole-brain structural network changes of BN, our study provides novel evidence for understanding the behavioral and functional deficits of the disorder.
Molecular cobalt corrole complex for the heterogeneous electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide
Authors: Gonglach Sabrina , Paul Shounik , Haas Michael , Pillwein Felix , Sreejith Sreekumar S. , Barman Soumitra , De Ratnadip , Müllegger Stefan , Gerschel Philipp , Apfel Ulf-Peter , Coskun Halime , Aljabour Abdalaziz , Stadler Philipp , Schöfberger Wolfgang , Roy Soumyajit
Published: August 2019

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to alcohols is one of the most challenging methods of conversion and storage of electrical energy in the form of high-energy fuels. The challenge lies in the catalyst design to enable its real-life implementation. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of a cobalt(III) triphenylphosphine corrole complex, which contains three polyethylene glycol residues attached at the meso-phenyl groups. Electron-donation and therefore reduction of the cobalt from cobalt(III) to cobalt(I) is accompanied by removal of the axial ligand, thus resulting in a square-planar cobalt(I) complex. The cobalt(I) as an electron-rich supernucleophilic d8-configurated metal centre, where two electrons occupy and fill up the antibonding dz2 orbital. This orbital possesses high affinity towards electrophiles, allowing for such electronically configurated metals reactions with carbon dioxide. Herein, we report the potential dependent heterogeneous electroreduction of CO2 to ethanol or methanol of an immobilized cobalt A3-corrole catalyst system. In moderately acidic aqueous medium (pH = 6.0), the cobalt corrole modified carbon paper electrode exhibits a Faradaic Efficiency (FE%) of 48 % towards ethanol production.
A stable zirconium based metal-organic framework for specific recognition of representative polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin molecules
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Peilong , Xie Lin-Hua , Lin Rui-Biao , Lv Jie , Li Jian-Rong , Chen Banglin
Published: August 2019

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), as a class of persistent and highly toxic organic pollutants, have been posing a great threat to human health and the environment. The sensing of these compounds is important but challenging. Here, we report a highly stable zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF), Zr6O4(OH)8(HCOO)2(CPTTA)2 (BUT-17) with one-dimensional hexagonal channels and phenyl-rich pore surfaces for the recognition and sensing of two representative PCDDs, 2,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (BCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), based on the fluorescence quenching. BUT-17 exhibits high sensing ability with the detection limits as low as 27 and 57 part per billion toward BCDD and TCDD, respectively, and is very selective as well without the interference of similar compounds. The recognition of BUT-17 toward BCDD is demonstrated by single-crystal structure of its guest-loaded phase, in which the fluorescence-quenched complexes form between the adsorbed BCDD molecules and the MOF host through π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions.
Light-matter entanglement over 50 km of optical fibre
Authors: Krutyanskiy V. , Meraner M. , Schupp J. , Krcmarsky V. , Hainzer H. , Lanyon B. P.
Published: August 2019

When shared between remote locations, entanglement opens up fundamentally new capabilities for science and technology. Envisioned quantum networks use light to distribute entanglement between their remote matter-based quantum nodes. Here we report on the observation of entanglement between matter (a trapped ion) and light (a photon) over 50 km of optical fibre: two orders of magnitude further than the state of the art and a practical distance to start building large-scale quantum networks. Our methods include an efficient source of ion–photon entanglement via cavity-QED techniques (0.5 probability on-demand fibre-coupled photon from the ion) and a single photon entanglement-preserving quantum frequency converter to the 1550 nm telecom C band (0.25 device efficiency). Modestly optimising and duplicating our system would already allow for 100 km-spaced ion–ion heralded entanglement at rates of over 1 Hz. We show therefore a direct path to entangling 100 km-spaced registers of quantum-logic capable trapped-ion qubits, and the optical atomic clock transitions that they contain.
Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (MA09-hRPE) in macular degeneration
Authors: Qiu Tina Guanting
Published: August 2019

The use of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) transplants has advanced dramatically in different forms for clinical application in macular degeneration. This review focuses on the first generation of hESC-RPE cell line, named as “MA09-hRPE” by Astellas Institute of Regenerative Medicine (AIRM), and its therapeutic application in human, which evaluated the safety and efficacy of MA09-hRPE cell line transplanted in patients with macular degeneration. This project marks the first milestone in overcoming ethical hurdles and oncogenic safety concerns associated with the use of an embryonic stem cell-derived line. Through in-depth, evidence-based analysis of the MA09-hRPE cell line, along with other hESC-RPE cell lines, this review aims to draw attention to the key technical challenges pertinent to the generation of a biologically competent hESC-RPE cell line and distill the four key prognostic factors residing in the host retina, which concurrently determine the outcomes of clinical efficacy and visual benefits. Given that the technology is still at its infancy for human use, a new clinical regulatory path could aid in cell line validation through small cohort, adaptive clinical trials to accelerate product development toward commercialization. These strategic insights will be invaluable to help both academia and industry, collaboratively shorten the steep learning curve, and reduce large development expenditures spent on unnecessary lengthy clinical trials.
High-performance visible light photodetectors based on inorganic CZT and InCZT single crystals
Authors: Shkir Mohd. , Khan Mohd Taukeer , Ashraf I. M. , Almohammedi Abdullah , Dieguez E. , AlFaify S.
Published: August 2019

Herein, the optoelectrical investigation of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) and indium (In) doped CZT (InCZT) single crystals-based photodetectors have been demonstrated. The grown crystals were configured into photodetector devices and recorded the current-voltage (I-V) and current-time (I-t) characteristics under different illumination intensities. It has been observed that the photocurrent generation mechanism in both photodetector devices is dominantly driven by a photogating effect. The CZT photodetector exhibits stable and reversible device performances to 632 nm light, including a promotable responsivity of 0.38 AW−1, a high photoswitch ratio of 152, specific detectivity of 6.30 × 1011 Jones, and fast switching time (rise time of 210 ms and decay time of 150 ms). When doped with In, the responsivity of device increases to 0.50 AW−1, photoswitch ratio decrease to 10, specific detectivity decrease to 1.80 × 1011 Jones, rise time decrease to 140 ms and decay time increase to 200 ms. Moreover, these devices show a very high external quantum efficiency of 200% for CZT and 250% for InCZT. These results demonstrate that the CZT based crystals have great potential for visible light photodetector applications.
Author Correction: New microhylid frog genus from Peninsular India with Southeast Asian affinity suggests multiple Cenozoic biotic exchanges between India and Eurasia
Authors: Garg Sonali , Biju S. D.
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Engineering of Magnetic Softness and Domain Wall Dynamics of Fe-rich Amorphous Microwires by Stress- induced Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Corte-León P. , Blanco J. M. , Zhukova V. , Ipatov M. , Gonzalez J. , Churyukanova M. , Taskaev S. , Zhukov A.
Published: August 2019

We observed a remarkable improvement of domain wall (DW) mobility, DW velocity, giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect and magnetic softening at appropriate stress-annealing conditions. Beneficial effect of stress-annealing on GMI effect and DW dynamics is associated with the induced transverse magnetic anisotropy. An improvement of the circumferential permeability in the nearly surface area of metallic nucleus is evidenced from observed magnetic softening and remarkable GMI effect rising. We assumed that the outer domain shell with transverse magnetic anisotropy associated to stress-annealing induced transverse magnetic anisotropy affects the travelling DW in a similar way as application of transversal bias magnetic field allowing enhancement the DW velocity. Observed decreasing of the half-width of the EMF peak in stress-annealed microwires can be associated to the decreasing of the characteristic DW width. Consequently, stress annealing enabled us to design the magnetic anisotropy distribution beneficial for optimization of either GMI effect or DW dynamics.
Multi-study reanalysis of 2,213 acute myeloid leukemia patients reveals age- and sex-dependent gene expression signatures
Authors: Roushangar Raeuf , Mias George I.
Published: August 2019

In 2019 it is estimated that more than 21,000 new acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients will be diagnosed in the United States, and nearly 11,000 are expected to die from the disease. AML is primarily diagnosed among the elderly (median 68 years old at diagnosis). Prognoses have significantly improved for younger patients, but as much as 70% of patients over 60 years old will die within a year of diagnosis. In this study, we conducted a reanalysis of 2,213 acute myeloid leukemia patients compared to 548 healthy individuals, using curated publicly available microarray gene expression data. We carried out an analysis of normalized batch corrected data, using a linear model that included considerations for disease, age, sex, and tissue. We identified 974 differentially expressed probe sets and 4 significant pathways associated with AML. Additionally, we identified 375 age- and 70 sex-related probe set expression signatures relevant to AML. Finally, we trained a k nearest neighbors model to classify AML and healthy subjects with 90.9% accuracy. Our findings provide a new reanalysis of public datasets, that enabled the identification of new gene sets relevant to AML that can potentially be used in future experiments and possible stratified disease diagnostics.
Enhancing hydrogen evolution activity by doping and tuning the curvature of manganese-embedded carbon nanotubes
Authors: Liu Haijun , Zhao Lianming , Liu Yonghui , Xu Jing , Zhu Houyu , Guo Wenyue
Published: August 2019

Doping heteroatoms (Mn and N) and tuning the curvature of carbon nanotubes could efficiently elevate the C p-band center, lower the absolute electrode potential, and thus enhance the HER performance.
Sub-nanometer Cu(i) clusters: coordination-modulated (Se vs. S) atom-packing mode and emission
Authors: Ke Feng , Song Yongbo , Li Hao , Zhou Chuanjun , Du Yuanxin , Zhu Manzhou
Published: August 2019

Different coordination modes of S/Se–Cu significantly modulate the atom-packing mode of Cu(i) clusters.
Hydrogen peroxide adducts of triarylphosphine oxides
Authors: Arp Fabian F. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Blümel Janet
Published: August 2019

Five new safe, solid, and soluble H2O2adducts of triarylphosphine oxides, including the displayed (p-Tol3PO·H2O2)2, have been synthesized and characterized.
Aqueous film forming foam and associated perfluoroalkyl substances inhibit methane production and Co-contaminant degradation in an anaerobic microbial community
Authors: Fitzgerald Nicole J. M. , Temme Hanna R. , Simcik Matt F. , Novak Paige J.
Published: August 2019

This work determines the components of aqueous film forming foam responsible for disrupting microbial community functions.
Turmeronol A and turmeronol B fromCurcuma longaprevent inflammatory mediator production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, partiallyviareduced NF-κB signaling
Authors: Okuda-Hanafusa Chinatsu , Uchio Ryusei , Fuwa Arisa , Kawasaki Kengo , Muroyama Koutarou , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Murosaki Shinji
Published: August 2019

Chronic inflammation depends on inflammatory mediators produced by activated macrophages and is the common pathological basis for various diseases.
Shape up! How shape, size and addition of condiments influence eating behavior towards vegetables
Authors: van Eck Arianne , Wijne Christien , Fogliano Vincenzo , Stieger Markus , Scholten Elke
Published: August 2019

Practical approaches to increase consumption of healthy foods such as vegetables are needed.
Correction: A study towards drug discovery for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus through inhibition of the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase by chalcone derivatives
Authors: Rocha Sónia , Sousa Adelaide , Ribeiro Daniela , Correia Catarina M. , Silva Vera L. M. , Santos Clementina M. M. , Silva Artur M. S. , Araújo Alberto N. , Fernandes Eduarda , Freitas Marisa
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘A study towards drug discovery for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus through inhibition of the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase by chalcone derivatives’ by Sónia Rocha, et al., Food Funct., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01298b.
Correction: Catalytic synthesis of distillate-range ethers and olefins from ethanol through Guerbet coupling and etherification
Authors: Eagan Nathaniel M. , Moore Benjamin M. , McClelland Daniel J. , Wittrig Ashley M. , Canales Emmanuel , Lanci Michael P. , Huber George W.
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Catalytic synthesis of distillate-range ethers and olefins from ethanol through Guerbet coupling and etherification’ by Nathaniel M. Eagan et al., Green Chem., 2019, 21, 3300–3318.
Sensing of circulating cancer biomarkers with metal nanoparticles
Authors: Pallares Roger M. , Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim , Su Xiaodi
Published: August 2019

In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current progress on metal nanoparticle-based analytical methods for the sensing of circulating cancer biomarkers, including cfDNA, ctDNA, miRNAs, CTCs and exosomes.
Fabricating ferromagnetic MoS2-based composite exposed to simulated sunlight for sodium storage
Authors: Liu Fusheng , Xiao Yaoyao , Han Pinyu , Liu Yuting , Qin Guohui
Published: August 2019

A light- and magnetic stimuli-responsive MoS2 composite electrode material is designed and evaluated as an anode material of sodium ion batteries.
Synthesis of a heterotelechelic helical poly(methacrylamide) and its incorporation into a supramolecular triblock copolymer
Authors: Deng Ru , Milton Margarita , Pomarico Scott K. , Weck Marcus
Published: August 2019

A heterotelechelic helical polymer made through a combination of RAFT polymerization and thiol–bromo “click” reaction and its assembly into coil–helix–helix triblock copolymers is presented.
Highly sensitive polyaniline-coated fiber gas sensors for real-time monitoring of ammonia gas
Authors: Indarit Naraporn , Kim Yong-Hoon , Petchsang Nattasamon , Jaisutti Rawat
Published: August 2019

Low-cost effective real-time ammonia detector by a simple dip-coating a single polyester yarn with functional polyaniline.
A highly selective fluorescent probe for human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (hNQO1) detection and imaging in living tumor cells
Authors: Zhu Ya , Han Jialing , Zhang Qian , Zhao Zhou , Wang Jin , Xu Xiaowei , Hao Haiping , Zhang Jun
Published: August 2019

Human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (hNQO1) can be used as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of cancer.
Secondary school students’ acquisition of science capital in the field of chemistry
Authors: Rüschenpöhler Lilith , Markic Silvija
Published: August 2019

Research has shown that students’ science capital has a large impact on their science aspirations and their development of science identities. In this study, we apply the notion of science capital to chemistry education in order to investigate how students make use of science capital in the field of chemistry. We define chemistry capital as a person's resources that help him or her to succeed in the field of chemistry (e.g., parents know chemistry content, sharing chemistry-related activities at home,…). We interviewed 48 secondary school students in Germany and conducted a thematic analysis. It reveals the following. (i) Chemistry capital in the home environment is unevenly distributed. Students who do not have family members who can connect with the mainstream conception of chemistry tend to be concentrated in schools with the lowest entry requirements (Hauptschulen, lower secondary education). Chemistry capital, therefore, tends to be reproduced. (ii) In most cases, families’ chemistry capital translates into students’ individual chemistry capital. This shows up in a multitude of links between families’ chemistry capital and students’ individual chemistry capital. (iii) The German school structures tend to aggravate the existing inequalities: this tends to deprive the students from Hauptschulen of qualified chemistry teachers. (iv) In some exceptional cases, students acquire chemistry capital independently from their families’ capital. They do so either by following chemistry-related YouTube channels or by developing a chemistry identity as part of a general learner identity. In order to reduce the existing inequalities, there is an urgent need to provide Hauptschulen in Germany with qualified teaching staff for chemistry. If this precondition is met, teaching approaches that focus on identity building and engaging students and their parents in a dialogue about chemistry could potentially be fruitful.
Molybdenum and tungsten complexes with carbon dioxide and ethylene ligands
Authors: Álvarez María , Galindo Agustín , Pérez Pedro J. , Carmona Ernesto
Published: August 2019

The first examples of stable metal complexes with coordinated ethylene and carbon dioxide ligands are reported.
LINC00511 is associated with the malignant status and promotes cell proliferation and motility in cervical cancer
Authors: Yu Chun-Ling , Xu Xiao-Ling , Yuan Fang
Published: August 2019

LINC00511 is a newly identified lncRNA that is up-regulated in many types of human cancers and may serve as an oncogenic lncRNA. However, there was no report about the role of LINC00511 in cervical cancer. Therefore, we investigated the clinical value of LINC00511 in cervical cancer patients via analyzing the correlation between LINC00511 expression and clinicopathological features. Moreover, we performed loss-of-function study to estimate the effect of LINC00511 on cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In our study, we found LINC00511 expression levels were increased in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent normal tissues and normal cervical epithelial cell line, respectively. High LINC00511 expression was correlated with advanced clinical stage, large tumor size, histological type of adenocarcinoma, and present lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and poor overall survival in cervical cancer patients. The in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of LINC00511 inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, LINC00511 acts as oncogenic lncRNA in cervical cancer, and may be a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer patients.
Language Comprehension After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Speed
Authors: Norman Rocío S. , Shah Manish N. , Turkstra Lyn S.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to characterize language comprehension in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) by testing a speed-based hypothesis. We hypothesized that adults with mTBI would perform worse than a group of adults with orthopedic injuries (OIs) on an experimental language comprehension task.

Method

The study employed a prospective experimental design. Participants were 19 adults with mTBI and 19 adults with OI ages 18–55 years. Participants completed the
Whatdunit
task, a sentence agent selection task in speeded and unspeeded conditions.

Results

In the unspeeded condition, the mTBI group performed with a marginally significant higher accuracy than the OI group. In the speeded condition, the mTBI group performed with lower accuracy than the OI group; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. There was a marginally significant interaction of Sentence Type × Group for reaction time in the speeded condition.

Conclusions

While our task might have been sensitive to cognitive processing abilities in both groups (as evidenced by the main effects of condition and sentence type), the task was not specific enough to capture mTBI-related deficits. The similarities in performance between both groups have clinical implications for the treatment of not just brain-related trauma but also trauma in general.
Leadership Opportunities for Clinicians Working With Stuttering and Other Fluency Disorders
Authors: Robinson Tommie L.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to inform readers of the importance of leadership and its relationship to the clinical management of stuttering and other fluency disorders. Using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Leadership Cultivation Model, examples of leadership activities are provided for each level of leadership.

Conclusion

There are many options for engaging in leadership, especially when developing programs, becoming a specialist, leading parent training programs, conducting presentations and grand rounds, participating in the publications process, leading a continuing education activity, writing public service announcements, and engaging in advocacy.
How do velocity structure functions trace gas dynamics in simulated molecular clouds?
Authors: Chira R.-A. , Ibáñez-Mejía J. C. , Mac Low M.-M. , Henning Th.
Published: August 2019

Context. Supersonic disordered flows accompany the formation and evolution of molecular clouds (MCs). It has been argued that this is turbulence that can support against gravitational collapse and form hierarchical sub-structures.

Aims. We examine the time evolution of simulated MCs to investigate: What physical process dominates the driving of turbulent flows? How can these flows be characterised? Are they consistent with uniform turbulence or gravitational collapse? Do the simulated flows agree with observations?

Methods. We analysed three MCs that have formed self-consistently within kiloparsec-scale numerical simulations of the interstellar medium (ISM). The simulated ISM evolves under the influence of physical processes including self-gravity, stratification, magnetic fields, supernova-driven turbulence, and radiative heating and cooling. We characterise the flows using velocity structure functions (VSFs) with and without density weighting or a density cutoff, and computed in one or three dimensions. However, we do not include optical depth effects that can hide motions in the densest gas, limiting comparison of our results with observations.

Results. In regions with sufficient resolution, the density-weighted VSFs initially appear to follow the expectations for uniform turbulence, with a first-order power-law exponent consistent with Larson’s size-velocity relationship. Supernova blast wave impacts on MCs produce short-lived coherent motions at large scales, increasing the scaling exponents for a crossing time. Gravitational contraction drives small-scale motions, producing scaling coefficients that drop or even turn negative as small scales become dominant. Removing the density weighting eliminates this effect as it emphasises the diffuse ISM.

Conclusions. We conclude that two different effects coincidentally reproduce Larson’s size velocity relationship. Initially, uniform turbulence dominates, so the energy cascade produces VSFs that are consistent with Larson’s relationship. Later, contraction dominates and the density-weighted VSFs become much shallower or even inverted, but the relationship of the global average velocity dispersion of the MCs to their radius follows Larson’s relationship, reflecting virial equilibrium or free-fall collapse. The injection of energy by shocks is visible in the VSFs, but decays within a crossing time.
Ubiquitous cold and massive filaments in cool core clusters
Authors: Olivares V. , Salome P. , Combes F. , Hamer S. , Guillard P. , Lehnert M. D. , Polles F. L. , Beckmann R. S. , Dubois Y. , Donahue M. , Edge A. , Fabian A. C. , McNamara B. , Rose T. , Russell H. R. , Tremblay G. , Vantyghem A. , Canning R. E. A. , Ferland G. , Godard B. , Peirani S. , Pineau des Forets G.
Published: August 2019

Multi-phase filamentary structures around brightest cluster galaxies (BCG) are likely a key step of AGN-feedback. We observed molecular gas in three cool cluster cores, namely Centaurus, Abell S1101, and RXJ1539.5, and gathered ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) and MUSE (Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) data for 12 other clusters. Those observations show clumpy, massive, and long (3−25 kpc) molecular filaments, preferentially located around the radio bubbles inflated by the AGN. Two objects show nuclear molecular disks. The optical nebula is certainly tracing the warm envelopes of cold molecular filaments. Surprisingly, the radial profile of the Hα/CO flux ratio is roughly constant for most of the objects, suggesting that (i) between 1.2 and 6 times more cold gas could be present and (ii) local processes must be responsible for the excitation. Projected velocities are between 100 and 400 km s−1, with disturbed kinematics and sometimes coherent gradients. This is likely due to the mixing in projection of several thin (and as yet) unresolved filaments. The velocity fields may be stirred by turbulence induced by bubbles, jets, or merger-induced sloshing. Velocity and dispersions are low, below the escape velocity. Cold clouds should eventually fall back and fuel the AGN. We compare the radial extent of the filaments, rfil, with the region where the X-ray gas can become thermally unstable. The filaments are always inside the low-entropy and short-cooling-time region, where tcool/tff <  20 (9 of 13 sources). The range of tcool/tff of 8−23 at rfil, is likely due to (i) a more complex gravitational potential affecting the free-fall time tff (sloshing, mergers, etc.) and (ii) the presence of inhomogeneities or uplifted gas in the ICM, affecting the cooling time tcool. For some of the sources, rfil lies where the ratio of the cooling time to the eddy-turnover time, tcool/teddy, is approximately unity.
Effects of radiation in accretion regions of classical T Tauri stars
Authors: Colombo S. , Ibgui L. , Orlando S. , Rodriguez R. , Espinosa G. , González M. , Stehlé C. , de Sá L. , Argiroffi C. , Bonito R. , Peres G.
Published: August 2019

Context. Models and observations indicate that the impact of matter accreting onto the surface of young stars produces regions at the base of accretion columns where optically thin and thick plasma components coexist. Thus, an accurate description of these impacts is necessary to account for the effects of absorption and emission of radiation.

Aims. We study the effects of radiation emerging from shock-heated plasma in impact regions on the structure of the pre-shock down-falling material. We investigate whether a significant absorption of radiation occurs and if it leads to a pre-shock heating of the accreting gas.

Methods. We developed a radiation hydrodynamics model describing an accretion column impacting onto the surface of a classical T Tauri star. The model takes into account the stellar gravity, the thermal conduction, and the effects of radiative losses and of absorption of radiation by matter in the nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium regime.

Results. After the impact, a hot slab of post-shock plasma develops at the base of the accretion column. Part of the radiation emerging from the slab is absorbed by the pre-shock accreting material. As a result, the pre-shock accretion column gradually heats up to temperatures of 105 K, forming a radiative precursor of the shock. The precursor has a thermal structure with the hottest part at T ≈ 105 K, with a size comparable to that of the hot slab, above the post-shock region. At larger distances the temperature gradually decreases to T ≈ 104 K.

Conclusions. Our model predicts that ≈70% of the radiation emitted by the post-shock plasma is absorbed by the pre-shock accretion column immediately above the slab and is re-emitted in the UV band. This may explain why accretion rates derived from UV observations are systematically higher than rates inferred from X-ray observations.
Long-term temperature evolution of neutron stars undergoing episodic accretion outbursts
Authors: Ootes L. S. , Wijnands R. , Page D.
Published: August 2019

Context. Transient neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries undergo episodes of accretion, alternated with quiescent periods. During an accretion outburst, the neutron star heats up due to exothermic accretion-induced processes taking place in the crust. Besides the long-known deep crustal heating of nuclear origin, a likely non-nuclear source of heat, dubbed “shallow heating”, is present at lower densities. Most of the accretion-induced heat slowly diffuses into the core on a timescale of years. Over many outburst cycles, a state of equilibrium is reached when the core temperature is high enough that the heating and cooling (photon and neutrino emission) processes are in balance.

Aims. We investigate how stellar characteristics and outburst properties affect the long-term temperature evolution of a transiently accreting neutron star. For the first time the effects of crustal properties are considered, particularly that of shallow heating.

Methods. Using our codeNSCool, we tracked the thermal evolution of a neutron star undergoing outbursts over a period of 105yr. The outburst sequence is based on the regular outbursts observed from the neutron star transient Aql X-1. For each model we calculated the timescale over which equilibrium was reached and we present these timescales along with the temperature and luminosity parameters of the equilibrium state.

Results. We performed several simulations with scaled outburst accretion rates, to vary the amount of heating over the outburst cycles. The results of these models show that the equilibrium core temperature follows a logarithmic decay function with the equilibrium timescale. Secondly, we find that shallow heating significantly contributes to the equilibrium state. Increasing its strength raises the equilibrium core temperature. We find that if deep crustal heating is replaced by shallow heating alone, the core would still heat up, reaching only a 2% lower equilibrium core temperature. Deep crustal heating may therefore not be vital to the heating of the core. Additionally, shallow heating can increase the quiescent luminosity to values higher than previously expected. The thermal conductivity in the envelope and crust, including the potentially low-conductivity pasta layer at the bottom of the crust, is unable to significantly alter the long-term internal temperature evolution. Stellar compactness and nucleon pairing in the core change the specific heat and the total neutrino emission rate as a function of temperature, with the consequences for the properties of the equilibrium state depending on the exact details of the assumed pairing models. The presence of direct Urca emission leads to the lowest equilibrium core temperature and the shortest equilibrium timescale.
Development of broad spectrum mycosporine loaded sunscreen formulation from Ulva fasciata delile
Authors: Bhatia Saurabh , Sardana Satish , Sharma Ajay , Vargas De La Cruz Celia Bertha , Chaugule Bhupal , Khodaie Laleh
Published: August 2019

Ba.ckground: Sunscreen formulations primarily offer protection against UV induced damages however nowadays it also maintains skin natural physiological conditions. Current global market is flooded with numerous sunscreen products which offer protection to skin against several UV induced damages. However most of these sunscreen formulations offers narrow spectrum protection against UV and also suffer from stability as well as toxicity related issues.

Methods: Present work aims to isolate mycosporine amino acid (Mgy) from green alga namely Ulva fasciata (U. fasciata) and study its sunscreen potential against widely used domestic marketed formulation. Stability evaluations were also performed for almost 90 days.

Results: Results demonstrated that the isolated compound, mycosporine glycine (Mgy) preserved physicochemical properties of the product and offered good stability for all formulations throughout the experimental period. Furthermore, Mgy loaded carbopol gel showed better sunscreen protection against marketed formulation in a concentration dependent manner. (7.709).

Conclusion: (6.806) Novel Myg loaded gel was proved to demonstrate several quality characteristics that may unlock new prospects for the production of more efficient, safe, and economic skin-care products.
Awareness on breast cancer screening in Malaysia: a cross sectional study
Authors: Lee Mun-Seng , ‘Azmiyaty Amar Ma’ ruf Choiriyatul , Nadhirah Izhar Dayang Puteri , Nafisah Ishak Sayyida , Wan Jamaluddin Wan Syazana , Ya’acob Syafiqah Nadiah Mohd , Kamaluddin Muhammad Nazrullah
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The increasing rate of breast cancer (BC) incidence in Malaysia hints a lack of awareness among Malaysians. One (1) woman out of nineteen (19) is at risk with BC and almost up to fifty percent (50%) of women diagnosed with BC were reported to be under the age of fifty (50). Our main concern is to study the level of awareness among the women on risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, preventions and treatments.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted exclusively among women in the public with total sample of three hundred and forty six (346), questionnaires were distributed using a simple random technique. Data was collected and analyzed by student T test in SPPS version 20.

Results: Our study reveals insufficient awareness on BC. Overall, awareness on risk factors is inadequate, but good knowledge on the importance of family history and diet as risk factors are discovered. Awareness on the cause and clinical manifestations of BC is required for improvement. As for treatment, alternatives especially surgery and chemotherapy are unclear to public, public is remotely unwitting on cessation of smoking to prevent BC at the early stage.

Conclusion: Malaysian has spaces for improvement on awareness of BC in terms of risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Early detection can be achieved with good awareness because it leads to better prognosis and lower mortality.
Periodic solutions of a hysteresis model for breathing
Authors: Eleuteri Michela , Ipocoana Erica , Kopfová Jana , Krejčí Pavel
Published: August 2019

We propose to model the lungs as a viscoelastic deformable porous medium with a hysteretic pressure–volume relationship described by the Preisach operator. Breathing is represented as an isothermal time-periodic process with gas exchange between the interior and exterior of the body. The main result consists in proving the existence of a periodic solution under an arbitrary periodic forcing in suitable function spaces.
Well-posedness of a non-local model for material flow on conveyor belts
Authors: Rossi Elena , Weißen Jennifer , Goatin Paola , Göttlich Simone
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we focus on finite volume approximation schemes to solve a non-local material flow model in two space dimensions. Based on the numerical discretisation with dimensional splitting, we prove the convergence of the approximate solutions, where the main difficulty arises in the treatment of the discontinuity occurring in the flux function. In particular, we compare a Roe-type scheme to the well-established Lax–Friedrichs method and provide a numerical study highlighting the benefits of the Roe discretisation. Besides, we also prove the L1-Lipschitz continuous dependence on the initial datum, ensuring the uniqueness of the solution.
Was tun bei akutem Thoraxschmerz?
Authors: Haring Bernhard , Schmidt Alexander , Frantz Stefan
Published: August 2019

Acute chest pain is one of the most important cardinal symptoms in medicine. There are several important differential diagnoses for chest pain. Therefore, a thorough history and physical examination, as well as the 12-lead ECG and laboratory tests are crucial. In clinical practice, it is useful to distinguish between cardiac chest pain and other forms of chest pain in order to treat patients appropriately and to exclude potentially life-threatening conditions.
Vorsorgeuntersuchungen und Check-ups in der Kardiologie
Authors: Rudolph Ulrike , Laufs Ulrich
Published: August 2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially coronary artery disease (CAD), are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elimination of modifiable risk factors has the potential to prevent up to 80 % of CVD. Therefore, disease prevention is based on the assessment of individual total CVD risk by using risk scores such as SCORE-algorithm that include the known main cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, smoking status, arterial hypertension und cholesterol.