bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Optical fiber sensor based on Tamm plasma resonance
Authors: Liu Li-jia , Tong Ruijie , xing bin , yang gang , Hu Sheng , Zhao Yong
Published: June 2023

Tamm plasma resonance(TPR) has high sensitivity and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHW), which makes it a novel type of plasmon. Considering good portability of optical fiber sensor, an optical fiber sensor based on Tamm plasma resonance is proposed, where the TPR is generated by distributed Bragg reflector and ridge-shaped Ag film. Furthermore, distributed Bragg reflector composites SiO2 and TiO2, and Refractive index sensitivity of introduced sensor is 167.02nm/RIU, quality factor is 34. This work opens up new ideas for Tamm plasma resonance sensors.
An overview of cybercrime law in South Africa
Authors: Snail ka Mtuze Sizwe , Musoni Melody
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the uptake and use of information communication technologies and led to the digital transformation of different sectors of the economy. For South Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic struck at a time when the South African government had committed itself to leveraging technology for the benefit of its citizens, the private sector, and the public sector. By 2020, South Africa already had in place enabling policy and legal frameworks to assist with the regulation of activities taking place in cyberspace. The increase in broadband access has resulted in the increase of internet users. Due to increase in use of digital technologies and processing of personal data, there has been an increase in cyber-attacks and cybercrimes such as data breaches, identity theft and cyber fraud. Several South African based companies, state owned entities, government departments and citizens have been victims of cyber-attacks. To respond to the growing spectre of cybercrime, the South African government promulgated laws to supplement the existing legal framework. It also operationalised some of the laws which had been passed but had not yet come into operation. This paper gives a summary of the evolution of cybercrime laws in South Africa. It starts off by summarising how common law and the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act addressed cybercrime. The paper then proceeds to discuss the recently promulgated Cybercrimes Act, which is now the primary law criminalising certain online activities. It explores how the various provisions of the Cybercrimes Act address different types of cybercrimes known today. This discussion is aimed at demonstrating that South Africa is no longer a safe haven for cybercriminals.
Diagnostic performance of four lateral flow immunoassays for COVID-19 antibodies in Peruvian population
Authors: Calderon-Flores Rodrigo , Caceres-Cardenas Guillermo , Alí Karla , De Vos Margaretha , Emperador Devy , Cáceres Tatiana , Eca Anika , Villa-Castillo Luz , Albertini Audrey , Sacks Jilian A. , Ugarte-Gil Cesar
Published: June 2023

Serological assays have been used in seroprevalence studies to inform the dynamics of COVID-19. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tests are a very practical technology to use for this objective; however, one of their challenges may be variable diagnostic performance. Given the numerous available LFIA tests, evaluation of their accuracy is critical before real-world implementation. We performed a retrospective diagnostic evaluation study to independently determine the diagnostic accuracy of 4 different antibody-detection LFIA tests: Now Check (Bionote), CareStart (Access bio), Covid-19 BSS (Biosynex) and OnSite (CTK Biotech). The sample panel was comprised of specimens collected and stored in biobanks; specifically, specimens that were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 collected at various times throughout the COVID-19 disease course and those that were collected before the pandemic, during 2018 or earlier, from individuals with upper respiratory symptoms but were negative for tuberculosis. Clinical performance (sensitivity and specificity) was analyzed overall, and subset across individual antibody isotypes, and days from symptoms onset. A very high specificity (98% - 100%) was found for all four tests. Overall sensitivity was variable, ranging from 29% [95% CI: 21%-39%] to 64% [95% CI: 54%-73%]. When considering detection of IgM only, the highest sensitivity was 42% [95% CI: 32%-52%], compared to 57% [95% CI: 47%-66%] for IgG only. When the analysis was restricted to at least 15 days since symptom onset, across any isotype, the sensitivity reached 90% for all four brands. All four LFIA tests proved effective for identifying COVID-19 antibodies when two conditions were met: 1) at least 15 days have elapsed since symptom onset and 2) a sample is considered positive when either IgM or IgG is present. With these considerations, the use of this assays could help in seroprevalence studies or further exploration of its potential uses.
Pathways to Empowerment as a working method for local social support services
Authors: van Tol Pauline C. , Jonker Irene , Scheepers Annabel L. , Wolf Judith R. L. M.
Published: June 2023

According to recent legislation, support provided by local authorities in the Netherlands ought to be strengths-based and empower inhabitants to gain control over their lives. This study examined the outcomes, critical elements and working mechanisms of Pathways to Empowerment (PTE), a person-centered, strengths-based intervention, in local social support services provided by a medium size Dutch local authority, from the perspective of citizens needing support. A year after implementation of PTE, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were held with 17 citizens onto their experiences with the provided support with PTE, inquiring their experiences with certain principles of PTE and the changes the support has brought into their lives. The outcomes of support with PTE were: resilience, self-consciousness, positive connections and access to resources and services. According to citizens, ‘being there’, an empowering approach, listening and taking them seriously, focusing on strengths and qualities, working on naturally occurring resources and made-to-measure support is what makes support with PTE work. Working mechanisms connecting the critical elements with the reported outcomes were: building trust and rapport in the client-professional relationship, stimulating trust in and empowerment of self, stimulating social trust and awareness of naturally occurring resources, as well as support, guidance and mediation. The results of this study can help local authorities to better substantiate their choice for applying strengths-based interventions, like PTE, in local social support services.
Antimicrobial resistance among farming communities in Wakiso District, Central Uganda: A knowledge, awareness and practice study
Authors: Muleme James , Ssempebwa John C. , Musoke David , Kankya Clovice , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Okello Justine , Ninsiima Lesley Rose , Wambi Rogers , Baguma James Natweta , Lubega Grace , Wagaba Brenda , Hartnack Sonja
Published: June 2023

Background

Antibiotics are increasingly becoming ineffective as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to develop and spread globally—leading to more difficult to treat infections. Countries such as Uganda are still challenged with implementation of AMR related strategies due to data paucity. This includes a lack of data on the prevailing knowledge and awareness of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use among farming communities, both commercial and subsistence, which are instrumental in the implementation of targeted interventions. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on AMR among subsistence and commercial farmers in Wakiso district, central Uganda.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire in Wakiso district, Central Uganda in between June and September 2021. Polytomous latent class analyses were performed to group participants based on their responses. Multivariable regression and conditional inference trees were used to determine the association between demographic factors and knowledge on antibiotics and AMR.

Results

A total of 652 respondents participated in the study among whom 84% were able to correctly describe what antibiotics are. Subsistence farmers (OR = 6.89, 95% CI [3.20; 14.83]), and to a lesser extent, farming community members which obtained their main income by another business (OR = 2.25, 95% CI [1.345; 3.75]) were more likely to be able to describe antibiotics correctly than individuals involved in commercial farming. Based on the latent class analysis, three latent classes indicating different levels of knowledge on AMR, were found. Subsistence farming, higher educational level and younger age were found to be associated with belonging to a class of better knowledge.

Conclusion

The majority of participants were able to correctly describe antibiotics and aware of AMR, however there was some degree of misunderstanding of several AMR concepts. Targeted AMR interventions should improve awareness and also ensure that not only subsistence farmers, but commercial farmers, are included.
Housing investment and family entrepreneurship: Evidence from China
Authors: Huang Xiaobing , Min Liu , Meng Xinxin , Liu Xiaolian , Khan Yousaf Ali , Abbas Syed Zaheer
Published: June 2023

The aim of this article is to explore the impact of housing investment on household entrepreneurship. Using survey data from China and employing a Probit model, we examine three aspects of housing status and innovatively subdivide household entrepreneurship into agricultural entrepreneurship and business entrepreneurship. The results show that households with higher housing investment are less likely to become agricultural entrepreneurs, but more likely to start a new business. Households with full-owned housing enjoy a higher likelihood to become business entrepreneurs. However, other ownerships have no relation with the choice of entrepreneurship. More housing loans discourage entrepreneurial activities. One exception is that bank loan raises the chance of being agricultural entrepreneurs. Households who build their own houses have a higher agricultural entrepreneurship. Buying market price houses encourages households to be business entrepreneurs. Low-price house and inherited house prevent households from being business entrepreneurs.
Selective ablation of VIP interneurons in the rodent prefrontal cortex results in increased impulsivity
Authors: Hatter Jessica A. , Scott Michael M.
Published: June 2023

It has been well-established that novelty-seeking and impulsivity are significant risk factors for the development of psychological disorders, including substance use disorder and behavioral addictions. While dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex is at the crux of these disorders, little is known at the cellular level about how alterations in neuron activity can drive changes in impulsivity and novelty seeking. We harnessed a cre-dependent caspase-3 ablation in both male and female mice to selectively ablate vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons in the prefrontal cortex to better explore how this microcircuit functions during specific behavioral tasks. Caspase-ablated animals had no changes in anxiety-like behaviors or hedonic food intake but had a specific increase in impulsive responding during longer trials in the three-choice serial reaction time test. Together, these data suggest a circuit-level mechanism in which VIP interneurons function as a gate to selectively respond during periods of high expectation.
Exploring experiences engaging in exercise from the perspectives of women living with HIV: A qualitative study
Authors: Sahel-Gozin Nora , Loutfy Mona , O’Brien Kelly K.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To explore experiences engaging in exercise from the perspectives of women living with HIV, specifically, i) nature and extent of exercise, ii) components that characterize exercise experiences, iii) facilitators and barriers, and iv) strategies for uptake and sustainability of exercise.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study involving online semi-structured interviews.

Recruitment

We recruited women living with HIV from a specialty hospital, community-based organization, and medical clinic in Toronto, Canada.

Participants

Ten women living with HIV who may or may not have engaged in exercise.

Data collection

Using a semi-structured interview guide, we asked participants to describe their experiences with, facilitators and barriers to, and strategies to facilitate uptake of exercise. We electronically administered a demographic questionnaire to describe personal, HIV and physical activity characteristics of participants. We conducted a descriptive thematic analysis with the interview data, and descriptive analysis (medians, frequencies, percentages) of questionnaire responses.

Results

Women characterized their experiences with exercise with six intersecting components: (1) culture, (2) gender, (3) HIV-related stigma, (4) episodic nature of HIV, (5) sense of belonging, and (6) perceptions of exercise. Facilitators to exercise included: aspirations to achieve a healthy lifestyle, using exercise as a mental diversion, having an exercise companion, and receiving financial support from community-based organizations to facilitate engagement. Barriers to exercise included: limited resources (lack of mental-health support and fitness resources in the community), financial limitations, time and gym restrictions, and cold winter weather conditions. Strategies to facilitate uptake of exercise included: creating social interactions, provision of online exercise classes, raising awareness and education about exercise, and offering practical support.

Conclusions

Experiences with exercise among women living with HIV were characterized by intersecting personal and environmental contextual components. Results may help inform tailored implementation of exercise rehabilitation programs to enhance uptake of exercise and health outcomes among women living with HIV.
Conventional video-based system for measuring the subtask speed of the Timed Up and Go Test in older adults: Validity and reliability study
Authors: Kamnardsiri Teerawat , Thawinchai Nuanlaor , Parameyong Arisa , Pholjaroen Pim , Wonglangka Khanittha , Prupetkaew Paphawee , Boripuntakul Sirinun
Published: June 2023

The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) is a simple fall risk screening test that covers basic functional movement; thus, quantifying the subtask movement ability may provide a clinical utility. The video-based system allows individual’s movement characteristics assessment. This study aimed to investigate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the video-based system for assessing the movement speed of TUG subtasks among older adults. Twenty older adults participated in the validity study, whilst ten older adults participated in the reliability study. Participant’s movement speed in each subtask of the TUG under comfortable and fast speed conditions over two sessions was measured. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to identify the validity of the video-based system compared to the motion analysis system. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,2) was used to determine the reliability of the video-based system. The Bland-Altman plots were used to quantify the agreement between the two measurement systems and two repeatable sessions. The validity analysis demonstrated a moderate to very high relationship in all TUG subtask movement speeds between the two systems under the comfortable speed (r = 0.672–0.906, p < 0.05) and a moderate to high relationship under the fast speed (r = 0.681–0.876, p < 0.05). The reliability of the video-based system was good to excellent for all subtask movement speeds in both the comfortable speed (ICCs = 0.851–0.967, p < 0.05) and fast speed (ICCs = 0.720–0.979, p < 0.05). The Bland-Altman analyses showed that almost all mean differences of the subtask speed of the TUG were close to zero, within 95% limits of agreement, and symmetrical distribution of scatter plots. The video-based system was a valid and reliable tool that may be useful in measuring the subtask movement speed of TUG among healthy older adults.
Patterns of overlapping habitat use of juvenile white shark and human recreational water users along southern California beaches
Authors: Rex Patrick T. , May Jack H. , Pierce Erin K. , Lowe Christopher G.
Published: June 2023

Juvenile white sharks (JWS) of the Northeastern Pacific population are present in nearshore southern California waters and form mixed size class (~1.5–3 m) aggregations for weeks to months, often within 500 m of shore. These nearshore beach habitats are heavily used for human recreation (e.g., surfing, swimming, body boarding, wading, and standup paddleboarding) and the amount of spatio-temporal overlap between JWS and humans is currently unknown. Increases in human population and the Northeastern Pacific population of white sharks have raised concern over human beach safety. To determine spatio-temporal JWS-human overlap at various spatial scales (e.g., across the entire southern California coastline, across different distances from shore, and within specific beach locations), 26 beach locations across southern California were surveyed monthly resulting in 1644 aerial drone surveys between January 2019 to March 2021. Thirteen environmental variables were assessed to predict when spatio-temporal overlap between JWS and water users was highest. Coast-wide distribution of JWS was clumped, limiting human-shark co-occurrence to specific locations, with 1096 of 1204 JWS observations occurring at Carpinteria and Del Mar Beach locations. Nearshore distribution indicated JWS are often close enough to the wave break to interact with some water users (median = 101 m, range = 2–702 m), although JWS had the most spatial overlap with stand-up paddlers. Daily human-shark co-occurrence was 97% at beaches where JWS aggregations had formed, and human activity showed high spatial overlap at shark aggregation sites. Although there is higher seasonal human-shark spatio-temporal overlap where aggregations form in southern California, the number of unprovoked shark bites across southern California is extremely low. This study provides evidence that high human-shark spatio-temporal overlap does not lead to an increased bite frequency in southern California, and there are a number of possible explanations as to why JWS are not biting water users despite daily encounters.
Habitual exercise evokes fast and persistent adaptation during split-belt walking
Authors: Brinkerhoff Sarah A. , Sánchez Natalia , Roper Jaimie A.
Published: June 2023

Changing movement patterns in response to environmental perturbations is a critical aspect of gait and is related to reducing the energetic cost of the movement. Exercise improves energetic capacity for submaximal exercise and may affect how people adapt movement to reach an energetic minimum. The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-reported exercise behavior influences gait adaptation in young adults. Young adults who met the optimal volume of exercise according to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (MOVE; n = 19) and young adults who did not meet the optimal volume of exercise (notMOVE; n = 13) walked on a split-belt treadmill with one belt moving twice the speed of the other belt for 10 minutes. Step length asymmetry (SLA) and mechanical work done by each leg were measured. Nonlinear mixed effects models compared the time course of adaptation between MOVE and notMOVE, and t-tests compared net work at the end of adaptation between MOVE and notMOVE. Compared to notMOVE, MOVE had a faster initial response to the split belt treadmill, and continued to adapt over the duration of split-belt treadmill walking. Young adults who engage in sufficient amounts of exercise responded more quickly to the onset of a perturbation, and throughout the perturbation they continued to explore movement strategies, which might be related to reduction of energetic cost. Our findings provide insights into the multisystem positive effects of exercise, including walking adaptation.
The relationship between forest fire and deforestation in the southeast Atlantic rainforest
Authors: de Praga Baião Cheila Flávia , Santos Fabrícia Cristina , Ferreira Marcos Paulo , Bignotto Rafael Beltrame , da Silva Rafael Felipe Guatura , Massi Klécia Gili
Published: June 2023

Given the scarcity of studies relating fire to deforestation in the Atlantic Forest and great economic and ecological importances of this biome, this work aimed to investigate this relationship in the Atlantic Forest of the State of São Paulo, trying to answer whether deforestation is related to fire events in up to three years, if there are regions most affected by this relationship and what land use and land cover predominates after fire and deforestation in these areas. The study was carried out in Evergreen Forest and Semideciduous Seasonal, along the time series from 2000 to 2019 using the MapBiomas Project database to survey deforested and burned sites with moderate to high severity fires. Burning positively influenced deforestation in EGF in eight of 19 years studied (2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2009, 2013 and 2015), while only for three years in the SSF. Burning followed by deforestation corresponded to only 3.2% of the total deforestation, located mainly in the eastern region of the state with the highest density in the EGF. Most of these areas have been converted to agriculture. This study provides the first indication that, generally, fire is not a driver of deforestation in the southeast Atlantic Forest.
Percepción y respuesta humana a las crisis climáticas históricas a partir de fuentes documentales en un sector de España Central
Authors: Bullón Mata Teresa
Published: June 2023

Análisis de las actitudes y percepciones asociadas a crisis climáticas históricas a partir de fuentes documentales situadas en un sector de España central procedentes del Sitio Real de San Ildefonso, Monasterios de El Paular y de El Escorial, Epistolarios de Ilustrados, y conjunto mixto, que contiene manuscritos, libros editados en el siglo XVIII, así como normas o leyes conservados en la Biblioteca Nacional de España, Archivo Histórico Nacional o Gaceta de Madrid. La franja temporal analizada está ubicada entre los siglos XVII y XVIII. El estudio se realiza a partir del análisis de documentos escritos contemporáneos a los hechos que describen eventos meteorológicos ocurridos y se orienta hacia la parte más subjetiva de estos textos, que suelen contener, junto con la explicación del fenómeno, la opinión sobre lo ocurrido dada por los autores de los escritos. Los datos se organizan en 5 variables cualitativas, codificadas numéricamente y categorizadas internamente de modo que puedan proporcionar recuentos y porcentajes. La emoción de asombro es la más reveladora del clima dominante y señala la excepcionalidad de los meteoros más intensos, que son el hielo y la nieve. La resignación es la reacción humana detectada cuando algún elemento meteorológico amenaza gravemente a la colectividad.
TEORIA DO DIREITO CONTEMPORÂNEA: UMA ANÁLISE DAS TEORIAS JURÍDICAS DE ROBERT ALEXY, RONALD DWORKIN, JÜRGEN HABERMAS, KLAUS GÜNTHER E ROBERT BRANDOM
Authors: Teixeira Bruno Martins
Published: June 2023

Resenha sobre a obra Teoria do Direito Contemporânea: uma análise das teorias jurídicas de Robert Alexy, Ronald Dworkin, Jürgen Habermas, Klaus Günther e Robert Brandom, de autoria de PEDRON, Flávio Quinaud; OMMATI, José Emílio Medauar. Rio de Janeiro: Lumen Juris, 2019. 216 p.
O SISTEMA PENAL SUBTERRÂNEO NO TRATO AOS “MENORES” DURANTE O REGIME MILITAR: BREVE HISTÓRIA DA VIOLAÇÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE DIREITOS DA INFÂNCIA E ADOLESCÊNCIA
Authors: De Castro Alexander , Rigolin Isabela Furlan
Published: June 2023

Contextualização do tema: Um sistema penal subterrâneo é caracterizado pela clandestinidade do sistema punitivo, onde as instituições estatais com poder discricionário abusam de seu poder, agindo de forma ilegal. Tal sistema é próprio de regimes de exceção, como a ditadura militar de 1964, durante a qual estiveram em vigência os dois códigos de menores (de 1927 e de 1979), que separavam pejorativamente os ditos “menores” das crianças bem-nascidas, identificando os primeiros com aqueles em situação de conflito com a lei penal. Tal fato levanta a hipótese da existência de um sistema penal subterrâneo destinado a essas crianças e adolescente criminalizados naquele período.
Objetivos: O presente trabalho busca, assim, analisar o uso sistemático de medidas características de um sistema penal subterrâneo contra crianças e adolescentes durante o governo militar brasileiro.
Metodologia: O método utilizado foi a análise qualitativa de documentos aplicada a documentos de arquivos e combinada com revisão bibliográfica de fontes secundárias.
Resultados: Ao serem ligadas à criminalidade e às drogas ilícitas, a infância e a juventude marginalizadas passaram a ser vistas como potenciais inimigos da Nação, já que a Doutrina de Segurança Nacional equiparava o uso de drogas e a prática de crimes comuns a atividades inspiradas por ideologias consideradas subversivas. Eles tornaram-se, assim, objetos de um conjunto de ações estatais repressivas e clandestinas, executadas sobretudo pela Fundação Nacional do Bem-Estar do Menor e pela polícia, revelando que houve de fato um sistema penal subterrâneo dedicado aos “menores”, no qual se observou uma estrutura de sistemática violação da dignidade das crianças e adolescentes, cujo desmantelamento necessitou do total reconhecimento de seus direitos humanos e de seus direitos da personalidade.
A CONFIGURAÇÃO DO SISTEMA BRASILEIRO DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS POR MEIO DO MOVIMENTO DE CIRCULAÇÃO DE MODELOS JURÍDICOS
Authors: Polis Gustavo , Copetti Rafael
Published: June 2023

Contextualização do tema: O presente artigo possui como pressuposto central analisar os principais contornos acerca da construção do aparato de proteção de dados no sistema jurídico nacional.
Objetivo: Identificar a relação existente entre o aparato de proteção de dados brasileiro e o europeu.
Metodologia: Aplicando-se o método de pesquisa hipotético-dedutivo, baseado em pesquisas e análises bibliográficas, tem-se como objetivo analisar a construção do sistema de proteção de dados brasileiro a partir da noção de circulação de modelos jurídicos. A hipótese de pesquisa é a de que a estruturação do sistema de proteção de dados nacional foi, em grande medida, desenvolvido a partir das construções legislativas europeias para proteção de dados.
Resultados: Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que o sistema brasileiro de proteção de dados possui forte influência do sistema normativo de proteção de dados europeu.
INDÍCIOS DE UM DIREITO SIMBÓLICO AO MEIO AMBIENTE ECOLOGICAMENTE EQUILIBRADO NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Souza Matheus Figueiredo Nunes de , Lima Fernando Rister de Sousa
Published: June 2023

Contextualização do tema: O presente artigo aborda os indícios de um direito símbólico ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e os problemas estruturais da modernidade periférica.

Objetivo: Analisar se o direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado apresenta efeitos simbólicos no sistema jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, o problema de pesquisa de que se parte é: como é possível a relação entre exclusão social e efetividade do direito constitucional ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado?

Metodologia: O método científico utilizado foi o da análise funcionado, juntamente com as técnicas de pesquisa de revisão de literatura, pesquisa documental, análise de caso qualitativa, análise de dados e categorias e conceitos operacionais.

Resultados: Os resultados provisórios observados apontam para uma falta de orientação generalizada das expectativas normativas de acordo com a lei.
A SAÚDE COMO CRITÉRIO MATERIAL DE LIMITAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE INCRIMINAÇÃO DO TRÁFICO DE DROGAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Chaves Júnior Airto , De Pádua Thiago Aguiar
Published: June 2023

Contextualização do tema: No âmbito do direito material, os problemas mais latentes da criminalização do tráfico de drogas no Brasil estão diretamente relacionados a falsa ideia de que a saúde pode ser tratada na forma de bem jurídico-penal coletivo. A partir dessa premissa, a essência da legitimidade da punição de comportamentos não se encontra no fato de existir ou não perigo ao bem jurídico, mas no fato de o perito ser considerado mero fator do legislador para que se desencadeie o processo de criminalização.

Objetivos: Os objetivos deste estudo são tratar da consagração da Saúde Pública no âmbito Constitucional; falsar a premissa de que a Saúde Pública é um legítimo bem jurídico-penal a partir de critérios desenvolvidos no âmbito teórico; apresentar soluções para quatro crônicos do processo de criminalização relacionado às drogas no Brasil.

Metodologia: Quanto a método de pesquisa, revela-se o indutivo, o qual é subsidiado pela pesquisa bibliográfica e pela legislação penal e constitucional correspondente.

Resultados: Ao final da pesquisa, ao se considerar a saúde um bem jurídico individual, conclui-se que: a pluralidade de núcleos do tipo penal objetivo do crime de tráfico apresenta verbos sem qualquer referente material de proteção; restaria evidente a necessidade da análise da tipicidade material do fato no crime de tráfico de drogas para incidência do princípio da insignificância; mostraria descabida a proibição que tutela um bem jurídico individual mesmo contra a vontade de seu titular; e, tornaria evidente a ilegitimidade das sanções (preceito secundário do tipo) flagrantemente desproporcionais do delito de tráfico de drogas.
PROCEDURE, STRUCTURAL PROCESS AND LEGAL ACTIVISM
Authors: Gaioski Pagani Lucas Augusto , Dias Bruno Smolarek , Real Ferrer Gabriel
Published: June 2023

Subject Contextualization: It examines the procedural formalism from a logical-formal structure. Furthermore, it analyzes the possibility of judicial creativity regarding procedure in structural processes. It also permeates the process as a guarantee against discretion and its maintenance as a delimited discursive field.

Objectives: The main purpose of this article is to analyze process flexibility in cases of structural disputes, based on the proposal of the process as a guarantee institution, from which proceduralism derives.

Methodology: For that, it uses a bibliographic-documentary analysis, using the deductive method, to infer the conclusions.

Results: It is concluded that the legal and discretionary review of process and procedure intitutions is not valid, even in conflicts otherwise classified as structural.
JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA: LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES NO ENFRENTAMENTO DO ENCARCERAMENTO EM MASSA
Authors: De Freitas Camargos Raphaella Karoline
Published: June 2023

Contextualização do tema: O artigo aborda a justiça restaurativa como meio alternativo e possível de enfrentamento ao encarceramento em massa.
Objetivos: Será verificada a possibilidade de ampliação do espaço conferido à justiça restaurativa, rumo à construção de um novo paradigma de justiça que supere a lógica meramente punitivista fundada na cultura do medo, a qual sustenta o encarceramento a todo custo.
Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada consiste em revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. Inicialmente, serão revisitadas as linhas conceituais, principiológicas e teleológicas da justiça restaurativa, para, posteriormente, analisar-se sua conformação como política pública no Brasil. Em seguida, será enfrentada a questão do encarceramento em massa que assola nosso país e o insere no terceiro lugar do ranking mundial em termos de população carcerária. Finalmente, serão abordados os limites e as possibilidades da justiça restaurativa como uma alternativa possível ao enfrentamento do encarceramento em massa. Aqui, o ponto de partida consiste no uso racional e excepcionalíssimo da prisão provisória e a contenção da hipertrofia do direito penal, o qual deve se orientar por uma lógica de ultima ratio.
Resultados: O uso racional e excepcionalíssimo da prisão provisória, medidas restaurativas como despenalização, penas alternativas à privação de liberdade, reparação efetiva dos danos experimentados pela vítima e gradual descriminalização das condutas, parecem soluções capazes de restabelecer o critério de ultima ratio que deve orientar todo o direito penal, rumo à construção do paradigma restaurativo e da desejada cultura de paz.
Further study on second order nonlocal problems monitored by an operator
Authors: Cardinali Tiziana , Duricchi Giulia
Published: June 2023

In this note we prove the existence of mild solutions for nonlocal problems governed by semilinear second order differential inclusions which involves a nonlinear term driven by an operator. A first result is obtained in suitable Banach spaces in the lack of compactness both on the fundamental operator, generated by the linear part, and on the nonlinear multivalued term. This purpose is achieved by combining a fixed point theorem, a selection theorem and a containment theorem. Further we provide another existence result in reflexive spaces by using the classical Hahn–Banach theorem and a new selection proposition, proved here, for a multimap guided by an operator. This setting allows us to remove some assumptions required in the previous existence theorem. As a consequence of this last result we obtain the controllability of a problem driven by a wave equation on which an appropriate perturbation acts.
Convergence of weak solutions of elliptic problems with datum in

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Authors: Martínez Aparicio Antonio Jesús
Published: June 2023

Motivated by the $Q$-condition result proven by Arcoya and Boccardo in [J. Funct. Anal. 268(2015), No. 5, 1153–1166], we analyze the behaviour of the weak solutions

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x
)

|

u
ε

=
f
(
x
)

in 
Ω
,

u
ε

=
0

on 
∂
Ω
,

when
ε
tends to
0
. Here,
Ω
denotes a bounded open set of

R

N

(
N
≥
2
)

,

−

Δ
p

u
=
−

d
i
v

(

|

∇
u

|

p
−
2

∇
u
)

is the usual
p
-Laplacian operator (
1
<
p
<
∞
)
and
f
(
x
)

is an

L
1

(
Ω
)
function.

We show that this sequence converges in some sense to
u
, the entropy solution of the problem

{

−

Δ
p

u
=
f
(
x
)

in 
Ω
,

u
=
0

on 
∂
Ω
.

In the semilinear case, we prove stronger results provided the weak solution of that problem exists.
Design And Development Of Light Illumination Control With Precision
Authors: Kumar Udit , Kaushal Tanuj , Verma Arvind , Bindal Ranjit
Published: June 2023

This research paper focuses on the design and development of a light illumination control system using digital Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques. The aim is to achieve precise control over the intensity and brightness of light sources. The paper explores the principles of PWM and its application in lighting systems. It discusses the advantages of digital PWM over analog methods, such as enhanced accuracy, flexibility, and compatibility with digital systems. The research presents a detailed analysis of the design process, including the selection of suitable components and the implementation of PWM algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed system in achieving precise light illumination control. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of efficient and customizable lighting solutions through digital PWM technology
Overview of Animal Models
Authors: Walsh Douglas S
Published: June 2023

Overview of Animal Models
Clinical Diagnosis of Leprosy
Authors: Kumar David P , Uprety Shraddha , Dogra Sunil
Published: June 2023

Clinical Diagnosis of Leprosy
Differential Diagnosis of Leprosy
Authors: Moschella Samuel L , Garcia-Albea Victoria
Published: June 2023

Differential Diagnosis of Leprosy
Neurological Manifestations of Leprosy
Authors: Vijayan Joy , Wilder-Smith Einar P
Published: June 2023

Neurological Manifestations of Leprosy
Immunosuppression and Leprosy
Authors: Lambert Saba M
Published: June 2023

Immunosuppression and Leprosy
Physical Rehabilitation in Leprosy
Authors: Paul M Sathish K , Kumar David P , Govindasamy Karthikeyan
Published: June 2023

Physical Rehabilitation in Leprosy
The Potential of a New Understanding of CBR for the Field of Leprosy
Authors: Cornielje Huib
Published: June 2023

The Potential of a New Understanding of CBR for the Field of Leprosy
On the structure of self-affine Jordan arcs in ℝ2
Authors: Tetenov Andrei , Kutlimuratov Allanazar
Published: June 2023

We prove that if a self-affine arc

γ
∈

R

2

\gamma \in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{2}

does not satisfy weak separation condition, then it is a segment of a parabola or a straight line. If a self-affine arc

γ

\gamma

is not a segment of a parabola or a line, then it is a component of the attractor of a Jordan multizipper with the same set of generators.
Die Letze Generation: Eine kritische Zwischenbilanz
Authors: Rucht Dieter
Published: June 2023

Die Klimaaktivist*innen der „Letzten Generation“ polarisieren. Ein Teil der Bevölkerung befürwortet die provokanten Proteste, die vor allem auf die Maximierung medialer Aufmerksamkeit abzielen. Der andere Teil hält die Protestierenden für Fanatiker, die rücksichtlos und unter Missachtung geltender Gesetze ihre politischen Ziele durchsetzen wollen. Wie und warum ist die Letzte Generation (LG) entstanden und wie hat sie sich bis heute verändert? Sind ihre Forderungen und ihre Aktionsformen, die ganz auf zivilen Ungehorsam ausgerichtet sind, klug gewählt und politisch wirksam? Der Beitrag bietet eine kritische Zwischenbilanz. Die Leitthese lautet, dass die LG zwar dank ihrer Aktionen eine enorme mediale Beachtung gefunden hat, jedoch aufgrund des Zuschnitts ihrer Forderungen und Handlungen weiterreichende Wirkungschancen vergibt.
(Il-)Legitime Proteste, (Il-)Legitime Polizeigewalt
Authors: von Dömming Eric , Pichl Maximilian
Published: June 2023

Anlässlich von politischen Konflikten kommt es regelmäßig zu Auseinandersetzungen zwischen der Polizei und sozialen Bewegungen. Dabei ist auffällig, dass die Polizei in entscheidender Weise dazu beiträgt, wie die Proteste in der Öffentlichkeit wahrgenommen werden. Durch Pressestatements und den Einsatz polizeilicher Maßnahmen wirkt die Polizei daran mit, ob Proteste als legitim oder illegitim gelten. Daran anschließend entscheidet sich zugleich, ob Polizeigewalt gegen Proteste in der Öffentlichkeit akzeptiert oder skandalisiert wird. Unser Beitrag betrachtet das Verhältnis zwischen der Polizei, Protesten und dem Recht. Wir zeigen, dass die Polizei eine eigenständige politische Akteurin ist und eine Grenzziehung zwischen illegitimen und legitimen Protesten vornimmt. Am Beispiel aktueller Auseinandersetzungen (antikapitalistische Proteste, ziviler Ungehorsam der Letzten Generation etc.) diskutieren wir, wie diese Grenzziehungen praktisch vonstattengehen.
Disability Policy in the Contemporary Congress
Authors: Pitney John J.
Published: June 2023

The politics of disability policy in the contemporary Congress confirms the observation by James Curry and Frances Lee that lawmaking largely remains a process of bipartisan accommodation. Most major disability legislation since the 1970s has passed with bipartisan sponsorship and support. One reason is that the issue affects so many Americans, including members of Congress. There have been some exceptions to this bipartisan pattern, particularly when disability policy intersects with more contentious issues. And bipartisanship does not guarantee outcomes that are satisfactory to people with disabilities.
Statistical learning and big data applications
Authors: Witte Harald , Blatter Tobias U. , Nagabhushana Priyanka , Schär David , Ackermann James , Cadamuro Janne , Leichtle Alexander B.
Published: June 2023

The amount of data generated in the field of laboratory medicine has grown to an extent that conventional laboratory information systems (LISs) are struggling to manage and analyze this complex, entangled information (“Big Data”). Statistical learning, a generalized framework from machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) is predestined for processing “Big Data” and holds the potential to revolutionize the field of laboratory medicine. Personalized medicine may in particular benefit from AI-based systems, especially when coupled with readily available wearables and smartphones which can collect health data from individual patients and offer new, cost-effective access routes to healthcare for patients worldwide. The amount of personal data collected, however, also raises concerns about patient-privacy and calls for clear ethical guidelines for “Big Data” research, including rigorous quality checks of data and algorithms to eliminate underlying bias and enable transparency. Likewise, novel federated privacy-preserving data processing approaches may reduce the need for centralized data storage. Generative AI-systems including large language models such as ChatGPT currently enter the stage to reshape clinical research, clinical decision-support systems, and healthcare delivery. In our opinion, AI-based systems have a tremendous potential to transform laboratory medicine, however, their opportunities should be weighed against the risks carefully. Despite all enthusiasm, we advocate for stringent added-value assessments, just as for any new drug or treatment. Human experts should carefully validate AI-based systems, including patient-privacy protection, to ensure quality, transparency, and public acceptance. In this opinion paper, data prerequisites, recent developments, chances, and limitations of statistical learning approaches are highlighted.
Development of a machine learning-based signature utilizing inflammatory response genes for predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer
Authors: Dong Li , Qian Ya-ping , Li Shu-xiu , Pan Hao
Published: June 2023

Ovarian cancer (OC) represents a significant health challenge, characterized by a particularly unfavorable prognosis for affected women. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that inflammation-related factors impacting the normal ovarian epithelium may contribute to the development of OC. However, the precise role of inflammatory response-related genes (IRRGs) in OC remains largely unknown. To address this gap, we performed an integration of mRNA expression profiles from 7 cohorts and conducted univariate Cox regression analysis to screen 26 IRRGs. By utilizing these IRRGs, we categorized patients into subtypes exhibiting diverse inflammatory responses, with subtype B displaying the most prominent immune infiltration. Notably, the elevated abundance of Treg cells within subtype B contributed to immune suppression, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis for these patients. Furthermore, we validated the distribution ratios of stromal cells, inflammatory cells, and tumor cells using whole-slide digitized histological slides. We also elucidated differences in the activation of biological pathways among subtypes. In addition, machine learning algorithms were employed to predict the likelihood of survival in OC patients based on the expression of prognostic IRRGs. Through rigorous testing of over 100 combinations, we identified CXCL10 as a crucial IRRG. Single-cell analysis and vitro experiments further confirmed the potential secretion of CXCL10 by macrophages and its involvement in lymphangiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment. Overall, the study provides new insights into the role of IRRGs in OC and may have important implications for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Determination of residual stresses in metallic materials based on spherical indentation strain
Authors: Xue He , Yang Yong-Jie , Zhang Shun , Zhang Yu-Biao , Shi Zhe-Ren , Wang Zheng , Zhang Jia-Qing
Published: June 2023

A spherical indentation strain method was proposed to determine surface residual stress in this study. Through numerical simulation, the effect of the material properties and residual stress on the plastic zone around the indentation was investigated, and the ideal strain measurement region appropriate for diverse materials was identified. Meanwhile, the presence of residual stress in material will cause the strain increment in the strain measurement area near the indentation to change. Based on the relationship among strain increment, residual stress and material mechanical properties, the calibration equation of residual stress for different materials were established. A portable residual stress loading device was developed and combined with the indentation test to calibrate the 316 L and 304 stainless steel of nuclear welding joint material. The reliability of this method was verified, and it provides convenience for the calibration of the residual stress of stainless steel materials.
Sicherung von Teilhabe durch Lotsendienste
Authors: Siefert Sönke , Haustedt Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Einer möglichst frühen Unterstützung psychosozial belasteter Familien kommt eine hohe präventive Bedeutung zu. Sozialmedizinische Nachsorge kann für Familien mit schwer oder chronisch erkrankten Kindern den stationären Aufenthalt verkürzen und den medizinischen Behandlungserfolg durch ein tragfähiges ambulantes Versorgungsnetz sicherstellen. Lotsendienste in Geburtskliniken und Frauen- und Kinderarztpraxen schaffen Zugänge zu nahezu allen Familien und leiten in primärpräventive Hilfsangebote über.
Perspektiven von Familienhebammen zur Versorgung geflüchteter Frauen und Familien
Authors: Patzelt Lisa , Engelhardt Martha , Borde Theda
Published: June 2023

Familienhebammen haben eine wichtige Rolle in der gesundheitlichen und psychosozialen Versorgung von Familien in belasteten Lebenslagen. Eine qualitative Befragung von Familienhebammen in Berlin weist auf die Bedeutung der Informations- und Lotsinnenfunktion der Familienhebammen für geflüchtete Familien hin. Sie ermöglichen Zugänge und sorgen für Versorgungskontinuität rund um Schwangerschaft und Geburt. Die Kooperationsstrukturen mit Frauen- und Kinderärzt:innen sollten gestärkt werden.
Es ist nicht egal, wie wir geboren werden – Das Zukunftsforum Geburtshilfe des DHV
Authors: Geppert-Orthofer Ulrike , von Haldenwang Ulrike
Published: June 2023

Wie die Schwangerschaft, die Geburt und die Zeit nach der Geburt erlebt werden, hat lebenslange Auswirkungen auf Mutter und Kind sowie alle Beteiligten und die ganze Familie. Das Geburtserleben bildet somit eine elementare Grundlage unserer Gesellschaft. Und deswegen geht die Geburtshilfe uns alle an. Aus diesem Grund lud der Deutsche Hebammenverband e.V. in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 zum Konsensusprozess Zukunftsforum Geburtshilfe ein, der in diesem Artikel beschrieben wird.
Excitation functions of the 197Au(p,pxn) and 197Au(p,xn) reactions
Authors: Naik Haladhara , Kim Guinyun , Lee Changhui , Yang Sung-Chul , Jang Wooyoung , Nguyen Hien Thi , Kim Kwangsoo
Published: June 2023

The cross-sections for the 197Au(p,pxn)196-193Au and 197Au(p,xn)197,195,193Hg reactions within the proton energy range of 49.8–65.5 MeV were measured at the high-intensity proton linac facility (KOMAC) in Korea using the stacked-foil activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique The proton beam intensity was determined based on the natCu(p,x)62Zn monitor reaction with the recommended cross-section accessed from the IAEA database library. The data gathered in the present work are compared with the available data from the literature, which agreed well with each other. In this study, the 197Au(p,p5n)193Au reaction cross-section was measured for the first time. The data from the present work and existing literature were compared with the TALYS-1.9-based data taken from the TENDL-2019 library, which generally agreed well.