bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor Prognostik dan Kesintasan Pasien Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut Anak di RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta, 2010–2015
Authors: WIJAYANTI LUSIA PUTRI , SUPRIYADI EDDY
Published: May 2022

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in children. Improvements in ALL management in developed countries have shown that the survival rate can be up to 90%. This achievement may be attributed to the stratification of therapy based on prognostic factors. This study aims to evaluate the survival rate of childhood ALL at Sardjito Hospital and prognostic factors for survival. Newly diagnosed patients with ALL aged less than 18 years from January 2010 - December 2015 were enrolled. Patients who have previously received chemotherapy, those with ALL type L3, and those with mixed leukemia were excluded. The survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method using log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors. A total of 309 patients were analyzed. The survival rate of childhood LLA in 2010-2015 in Sardjito Hospital was 56.1 ± 3.9%. Risk grouping based on National Cancer Institute is a prognostic factor that influences the survival of childhood LLA. ABSTRAKLeukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA) merupakan keganasan hematologi yang paling sering ditemui pada anak. Perkembangan LLA anak di negara maju menunjukkan kesintasan pasien mencapai 90%. Keberhasilan terapi pada LLA salah satunya adalah karena adanya stratifikasi terapi berdasarkan faktor prognostik yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesintasan pasien LLA anak di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Pasien berusia di bawah 18 tahun yang terdiagnosis LLA pada Januari 2010–Desember 2015 diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Pasien yang pernah mendapatkan kemoterapi, LLA tipe L3, dan mixed leukemia dieksklusi. Kesintasan dianalisis dengan metode Kaplan-Meier menggunakan logrank . Analisis Cox regression digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor prognostik. Sejumlah 309 pasien diikutkan dalam analisis. Kesintasan LLA anak tahun 2010–2015 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito sebesar 56,1±3,9%. Pengelompokan risiko berdasar National Cancer Institute (NCI) merupakan faktor prognostik yang berpengaruh pada kesintasan pasien LLA anak.
Diseño de dispositivo para el tratamiento de aguas de consumo humano en las comunidades amazónicas de Warints y Yawi
Authors: Salazar-Ramírez Mauro , Moreno-Romero Telmo , Castro-Cepeda Lidia , Balseca-Sampedro Otto
Published: May 2022

Este artículo presenta el estudio de la disponibilidad de agua apta para el consumo humano y riego, a su vez el diseño de un prototipo de un dispositivo para el tratamiento del agua en las comunidades amazónicas, como una solución al problema de acceso al líquido vital. A partir del contexto actual de las comunidades se definen relaciones entre la economía, el tiempo y el aspecto socio cultural para generar mecanismos de accesibilidad e innovación; después de una profunda investigación se presenta el diseño de un prototipo de filtración compuesta para el tratamiento de las aguas de consumo humano en las comunidades amazónicas, basando la experiencia de investigaciones similares desarrollados en los últimos años en todo el mundo, se apuesta por el uso de tecnologías de filtración compuesta y biofiltros, este diseño es capaz de generar agua de calidad para el consumo humano a partir de las fuentes hídricas de aguas superficiales y aguas subterráneas presentes de las comunidades Warints y Yawi, una de las principales ventajes es su portabilidad en el punto de uso, además se detallan las utilidades y aspectos técnicos del diseño.
Reactivación económica post Covid-19: Estrategias corporativas en el sector textil de Ambato
Authors: Salazar-Fonseca Carol , Jiménez-Castro Wilson
Published: May 2022

En la actualidad el mundo entero no esta atravesando por una buena situación económica a causa de la pandemia del Covid-19, muchas empresas han sido duramente golpeadas, otras ya no podían continuar operando, pues sus recursos ya no eran suficientes por lo que se vieron obligadas a cerrar sus puertas definitivamente. En tal virtud se considera necesario que las empresas apliquen estrategias que ayuden a su reactivación económica, es por ello por lo que el principal objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer estrategias que incentiven y fomenten la compra de productos de este sector, y así de esta manera ayudar a incrementar su rentabilidad. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo no experimental descriptivo el cual mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a clientes de este sector y a estudios anteriores se ha logrado establecer estrategias basadas en el marketing mix, mismas que se centran en la satisfacción del cliente con el fin de incentivar la compra y fortalecer la relación de este con la empresa, pues si se las aplica de manera correcta esta mejorará el nivel económico empresarial e incluso de estas dependerá el éxito o fracaso empresarial.
Long-term management of the patient at risk: outpatient clinic and hospital, role and synergies
Authors: Zito Giovanni Battista
Published: May 2022

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. In particular, ischemic heart disease is associated with increased mortality risk and decreased quality of life. Population aging is going to increase the overall prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, which is strictly age-related, with a growing economic burden on health systems and society. Effective intervention strategies to control modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and thereby to reduce the incidence of new events are crucial to limit the huge impact of such diseases on health and quality of life. A strict collaboration between hospitals, where acute events are managed, and outpatient clinics, where patients are followed in the long-term, is the starting point to optimize treatment and secondary prevention, improving adherence to therapy and patient satisfaction.
Ten priorities in the treatment of the ACS patient
Authors: Esposito Giovanni , Ricci Fabrizio , Zito Giovanni Battista
Published: May 2022

From the topics addressed in the articles of this Special Issue, dedicated to acute coronary syndromes (ACS), some priorities have emerged summarizing the complexity of the management of these patients, which must take into account not only clinical and pharmacological factors but also logistical and organizational aspects, as well as elements of health policy. Only the synergy between these different aspects can bring out the solution for the optimization of ACS management, in terms of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and improvement of the patient's quality of life.
Pengaruh Return on Assets, Equity dan Earning Per Share Terhadap Harga Saham Sektor Perbankan di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Putri Cindy Halim , Lestari Tina , Ritawaty Noor
Published: May 2022

Capital markets can help companies in providing funds for companies. Investors will invest in the capital market in hopes of gaining profits. Investors in investing their capital will see financial performance in the form of financial ratios as a consideration in investing their capital. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Earning Per Share (EPS) variables on stock prices in banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population used in this study is banking industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as many as 43 companies. While the sample used in this study were 9 companies. The research method in this study is quantitative correlation. This study uses the Classic Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Hypothesis Testing. The results of this study indicate that Return on Assets (ROA) has no significant effect on stock prices, Return on Equity (ROE) has a significant effect on stock prices, and Earning Per Share (EPS) has a significant effect on stock prices. Overall, the variables in this study affect the stock price. Meanwhile, it is known that Return on Equity (ROE) has the most dominant influence on stock prices.
Pengaruh Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Terhadap Digitalisasi UMKM Di Tengah Pandemi
Authors: Elvlyn Elvlyn , Marhaen Delpedro
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas perlindungan hukum terhadap pelaku usaha serta dampak UU Cipta Kerja terhadap digitalisasi UMK-M di tengah pandemi. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian hukum yang menggunakan metode penelitian studi kepustakaan yang bersumber pada hukum positif yang berlaku di Indonesia, buku-buku, jurnal, dan karya tulis ilmiah lainnya. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan perlindungan hukum terhadap pelaku usaha dalam digitalisasi UMK-M meliputi: kemudahan legalitas usahaÂ dan akses informasi; kemudahan pembiayaan dan insentif; larangan usaha besar dan menengah untuk memiliki dan/atau menguasai UMK; mendapatkan alokasi dan jaminan untuk produksi dan pemasaran; dan pemberian layanan bantuan serta pendampingan hukum. UU Cipta Kerja turut berdampak positif dalam mendorong digitalisasi UMK-M di tengah pandemi yang ditandai dengan meningkat transaksi e-commerce,Â  nilai transaksi dagang elektronik, nilai transaksi digital banking, dan lain sebagainya.Â
Penyalahgunaan Lem Aibon Bagi Anak-Anak Di Kota Sorong Papua Barat
Authors: Rosalina Febrianti , Cahyani Vita Puspa Ningrum , Putri Violita Ramadhanti
Published: May 2022

Penulisan karya tulis ilmiah bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi secara konferhensif kepada pembaca tentang penyalahgunaan lem aibonÂ bagi generasi mudaÂ terutama anak-anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan berasal dari data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian berisi penjelasan tentang kandungan zat yang terdapat pada lem aibon, factor munculnya kebiasaan ngelem pada anak, dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan, bentuk perhatian khusus orang tua terhadap anak, solusi mengatasi termasuk langkah pemerintah dalam penyalahgunaan lem aibon. Dari uraian tersebutÂ disimpulkan bahwa terjadinya penyalahgunaan lem aibonÂ pada generasi muda dapat disebabkan oleh dua faktor yakni: faktor internal dan eksternal.Â
Penanggulangan Dan Pengelolaan Sampah Di Lingkungan Sekolah
Authors: Ponisri Ponisri , Syam Muhammad Ikhzan , Susena Panji Reza
Published: May 2022

PenelitianÂ ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis sampah, cara penanggulangan sampah dan cara pengolahan sampah di lingkungan sekolah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi/pengamatan langsung dan wawancara menggunakan kuiseoner serta studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada 2 Â jenis yaitu sampah Â organik (3 jenis) dan sampah organic ( 9 Â jenis). Cara penanggulangan sampah dapat dilakukan dengan mengurangi penggunaan sampah botol/plastik dan kertas sisa makanan, pembakaran, penimbunan dan pengomposan sampah. Sedangkan Â cara pengolahan yang dilakukan di SMP Muhammadiyah Al-Amin Sorong yaitu proses mengurangi sampah (Reduce) dan mendaur ulang (Recycle). Sedangkan dengan cara Â pengolahan Reuse, Replace, Replant, danÂ RepairÂ belum dilakukan.penanggulangan;Â pengolahan;Â sampah
Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik Dan Anorganik Untuk Mendukung Go Green Concept Di Sekolah
Authors: Febriadi Ihsan
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untu membedakan jenis-jenis sampah, manfaat dan cara pengolahan sampah di lingkungan sekolah. Sampah dibedakan menjadi dua jenis yaitu sampah organik dan sampah anorganik.Â Sampah organik/mudah busukÂ  berasal dari: sisa makanan, sisa sayuran dan kulit buah-buahan, sisa ikan dan daging, sampah kebun (rumput, daun dan ranting). Sampah anorganik/tidak mudah busuk berupa kertas, kayu, kain, kaca, logam, plastik , karet dan tanah.Beberapa manfaat sampah yaitu sebagai kompos/pupuk organik dan sebagai biogas. Sedangkan pengolahan sampah dapat dilakukan beberapa cara yaituÂ ReuseÂ (penggunaan kembali) yaitu menggunakan sampah-sampah tertentu yang masih memungkinkan untuk dipakai [penggunaan kembali botol-botol bekas]. ReduceÂ (pengurangan) yaitu berusaha mengurangi segala sesuatu yang dapat menimbulkan sampah serta mengurangi sampah-sampah yang sudah ada. RecycleÂ (daur ulang) yaitu menggunakan sampah-sampah tertentu untuk diolah menjadi barang yang lebih berguna [daur ulang sampah organik menjadi kompos]. Replace sendiri artinya mengganti, adapun maksudnya yaitu dengan cara mengganti barang yang ramah lingkungan.Â
Pendampingan Belajar Anak Usia Sekolah di Kelurahan Makbusun
Authors: Trisnawati Nika Fetria , Sundari Sundari
Published: May 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian dilatar belakangi pemikiran bahwa perlunya diberikan pendampingan belajar matematika diluar jam sekolah kepada anak-anak yang bertempat tinggal diÂ  Kelurahan Makbusun, sebagian besar mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam pembelajaran matematika dan di Wilayah tersebut Lembaga yang menyediakan jasa Les berlokasi jauh serta biaya yang sulit untuk dijangkau Masyarakat sekitar, sehingga anak-anak hanya bisa mengikuti pembelajaran di Sekolah dan tidak memiliki sarana lain untuk bertanya dan memahami Matematika lebih lanjut. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu Memberikan pendampingan belajar Matematika kepada anak-anak. Dengan harapan anak-anak dapat lebih memahami dan mencintai matematika serta dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika di sekolah. Metode yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah metode ceramah, tanya jawab, penugasan, dan diskusi. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk bimbingan belajar matematika yang dilaksanakan dua kali dalam satu pekan selama empat bulan kepada 16 anak yang terdiri dari siswa tingkat SD sebanyak 9 anak dan SMP sebanyak 7 anak. BerdasarkanÂ  pengamatanÂ  selama kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berlangsung, diperoleh beberapa hasil yang positif, diantaranya adalah: 1). Semangat dan perhatian para peserta yang sangat tinggi dalam mengikuti kegiatan dan juga semangat orang tua yang menginginkan kemajuan untuk anaknya. 2). Terdapat perubahan pemahaman dan pola pikir anak-anak yang tadinya merasa enggan dan takut belajar matematika menjadi senang belajar matematika. 3). Hasil belajar matematika siswa disekolah saat Ulangan Semester menjadi meningkat. Disisi lain, semangat belajar matematika anak-anak usia sekolah di Kelurahan Makbusun Distrik Mayamuk Kabupaten Sorong menjadi meningkat dan hasil belajar matematika di sekolah meningkat.
Pelatihan Strategi Pemasaran Daring Produk Daur Ulang Sebagai Alternatif Penghasilan Tambahan
Authors: Aligarh Frank
Published: May 2022

Kondisi perekonomian yang memburuk akibat Covid 19 menyebabkan banyaknya tenaga kerja yang kehilangan pekerjaan. Keterbatasan kemampuan pemerintah dalam membantu semua masyarakatnya menjadi perhatian bagi setiap masyarakat untuk saling membantu. Momentum perkembangan teknologi di masa pandemi yang berjalan lebh cepat dari perkiraan seharusnya menjadi kunci dalam menemukan alternatif penghasilan baru. Komunitas Bank Sampah Berkah Cakrawala di Desa Ngancar, Kecamatan Giriwoyo, Kabupaten Wonogiri telah mengambil peran dalam menciptakan alternatif penghasilan baru dari produk daur ulang sampah. Walaupun demikian masih terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi diantarannya adalah lokasi Kecamatan Giriwoyo yang tidak strategis secara pasar untuk produk barang bekas, kemamupuan menjual dari para pelaku usaha barang bekas, dan tidak memahami strategi pemasaran secara daring dengan baik. Dari permasalahan tersebut kemudian dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yaitu pendampingan strategi pemasaran daring melalui e-commerce. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari 3 tahapan yaitu persiapan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan pemasaran bagi masyarakat Desa Ngancar terkait dengan pemasaran secara daring terutama produk daur ulang, serta memberikan alternatif ide-ide bisnis dan produk yang bisa diperjualbelikan.Â
Peran Guru Dan Orang Tua Dalam Membangun Pendidikan Anak Di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 5 Pulau Raam
Authors: Hidayani Hidayani , Supriadi Supriadi , Rusani Irna , Anwar Zakiyah , Budiarti Marlinda Indah Eka
Published: May 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan untuk membangun semangat siswa-siswi dalam belajar. Tempat kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di Sekolah SD Negeri 5 pulau Raam yang merupakan salah satu kelurahan distrik sorong kepulauan, Pulau Raam, Kota Sorong, Papua Barat. Kondisi pada masa pandemi yang belum diketahui kapan akan berakhir membuat peran orang tua sangat dibutuhkan. kerjasama antara guru dan orang tua sangat diperlukan untuk tercapainya tujuan pendidikan Kemudian kebijakan pemerintah daerah yang membatasi jadwal kegiatan proses belajar mengajar yang membuat guru di sekolah SD Negeri 5 Pulau RaamÂ  hanya bisa masuk 3 kali dalam seminggu. Metode yang digunakan dalam melaksnakan kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu sosialisasi dan diskusi bersama guru dan orang tua. Peserta dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu orang tua atau wali murid siswa-siswi dan Guru SD Negeri 5 Pulau Raam. Jumlah peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan Pengabdian ini sebanyak 15 orang dan 35 orangnya yaitu orang tua atau wali murid SD Negeri 5 pulau Raam. Total peserta sosialisasi yakni berjumlah 50 orang. Kegiatan sosialisai seperti ini sangat diperlukan orang tua agar membuka wawasan orang tua bahwa pembelajaran bukan hanya terjadi disekolah tetapi di rumah juga proses belajar dapat terjadi. Kerjasama antara guruÂ  dan orang tua akan tercapai tujuan pendidikan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar..
Sosialisasi Sosial Distancing Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19 Di Kampung Klasigi
Authors: Supriadi Supriadi , Hidayani Hidayani , Anwar Zakiyah , Rusani Irna , Sangadji Ismail Munadi
Published: May 2022

Penyebaran wabah novel corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) di dunia yang masif menyebabkan masyarakat indonesia menjadi resah. COVID-19 merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius di Indonesia maupun di berbagai negara di dunia. Organisasi kesehatan dunia, WHO telah mencanangkan COVID-19 sebagai pandemi dan pemerintah Indonesia juga sudah mengatakan COVID-19 sebagai bencana nasional dan juga merupakan penyakit yang menular. Sosial distancing merupakan salah satu pencengahan penyebaran COVID-19 di indonesia maupun di dunia. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah sosialisasi, dan wawancara tak terstruktur. Sosialisasi ini dilakukan dengan menjelaskan apa yang dimaksud Sosial Distancing, Pentingnya Sosial Distancing, bagaimana penerapan Sosial Distancing dan manfaat Sosial Distancing. Sedangkan wawancara tak terstruktur digunakan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan warga kampung klasigi tentang Sosial Distancing. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan di Kampung Klasigi Distrik Makbon Kabupaten Sorong dapat disimpulkan sosialisasi sosial distancing sebagai upaya pencegahan novel corona virus 2019 (covid-19) dapat meberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang bahaya virus covid-19, cara menghindari penyeberan virus covid-19, pentingnya sosial distancing, dan manfaat sosial distancing.
Penyuluhan Perawatan Payudara Pada Ibu Nifas Pasca Persalinan Dini Dalam Memberikan ASI Eksklusif Di Rumah Sakit Angkatan Darat Di Kota Kediri
Authors: Nurahmawati Dhewi , Mulazimah Mulazimah , Ikawati Yani , Agata Delarosi Dwi , Pratika Rindi
Published: May 2022

Pemberian ASI eksklusif sangat bermanfaat bagi bayi dan ibu. Demi kelancaran proses menyusui, sangat penting bagi ibu melakukan perawatan payudara sejak kehamilan dan setelah proses persalinan. Perawatan payudara adalah suatu tindakan untuk merawat payudara untuk memerlancar pengeluaran ASI. Perawatan payudara bermanfaat untuk meminimalkan keluhan dan masalah pada payudara saat proses menyusui. Pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode teknik komunikatif dengan tiga pendekatan yaitu ceramah, demonstrasi, tanyajawab dan diskusi. Hasil dari penyuluhan perawatan payudara oleh tenaga kesehatan sangat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu nifas.
Desafios na exportação
Authors: Faria Rodrigo Braga , Portugal Nilton dos Santos , Guedes Luiz Carlos Vieira
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho descreve os desafios que as empresas enfrentam na exportação, mesmo com todos os benefícios que essa operação oferece para quem a executa, por vezes as empresas enfrentam dificuldades em iniciar nesse cenário. É notório por parte do governo que o comércio exterior é benéfico ao país, cidades e regiões, por isso há incentivos fiscais voltados para a prática de exportação. Tal abordagem se deve porque empresas de diversos segmentos possuem dificuldades na operação. A finalidade deste estudo é analisar os desafios enfrentados por empresas cafeeiras do Sul de Minas Gerais para se tornarem exportadoras, visto que há dificuldades nessa operação. Este propósito foi obtido mediante revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa e um estudo de caso com três empresas do setor cafeeiro do sul de Minas Gerais que desejam exportar de forma direta. A exportação de café na região estudada é um movimento constante, porém de forma indireta, onde os cafeicultores usam dos conhecimentos de cooperativas para execução da exportação. Tornar cafeicultores em exportadores diretos trás diversos benefícios para a região.
Schaeffer's Solfège, Percussion, Audio Descriptors: Towards an Interactive Musical System
Authors: Freire Sérgio , Padovani José Henrique , Campos Caio Costa
Published: May 2022

Pierre Schaeffer's typomorphology (1966) proposes seven criteria of musical perception for the identification and qualification of sound objects, which form the basis of his musical theory. This Solfège fits well into contexts where pitch is not the dominant dimension. Relying on similarities between the practice of reduced listening and the utilization of low-level audio descriptors, we present the first version of a real-time setup in which these descriptors are applied to qualify percussive sounds. The paper describes the tools and strategies used for addressing different criteria: envelope followers with different window sizes and filtering; detection of transients and amplitude modulations; extraction and counting of spectral components; estimation of intrinsic dissonance and spectral distribution; among others. The extracted data is subjected to simple statistical analysis, producing scalar values associated with each segmented object. Finally, we present a variety of examples.
Climate-Resilient Robotic Facades: Architectural Strategies to Improve Thermal Comfort in Outdoor Urban Environments using Robotic Assembly
Authors: Fleckenstein Julia , Molter Philipp Lionel , Chokhachian Ata , Dörfler Kathrin
Published: May 2022

In the context of dense urban environments and climate change, pedestrians’ thermal experience plays an increasingly significant role in people’s health and well-being. In this research, the authors combine the fields of architecture, climate-responsive design, and robotic fabrication with the goal of investigating strategies to improve outdoor thermal comfort for pedestrians in cities with frequent extreme heat events. Based on a case study in the city of Munich, this paper presents findings into the technological approaches and methods for location-specific climate-resilient brick facades using robotic assembly. To achieve this goal, different bricklaying patterns were investigated to create a self-shading effect and thus reduce solar radiation and ultimately achieve an improved thermal condition for pedestrians moving along urban facades at street level. Using computer-aided microclimate simulation, generic self-shading brick pattern designs were tailored to highly location-specific microclimate requirements. Robotic assembly technology was used to produce such tailored, non-standard brickwork facades. The results of this research led to a data-informed design process with a demonstrator object being realized at 1:1 scale with a height of 2 m and a length of 3 m using a collaborative robot on site. Thermal measurements on the built demonstrator provided indications of reduced surface temperatures despite high solar radiation and thus validated the location-specific self-shading effects according to solar radiation simulation.
Two Novel Intronic Mutations in the CSF1R Gene in Two Families With CSF1R-Microglial Encephalopathy
Authors: Jiang Jiwei , Li Wenyi , Wang Xiaohong , Du Zhongli , Chen Jinlong , Liu Yaou , Li Wei , Lu Zhonghua , Wang Yanli , Xu Jun
Published: May 2022

Objective: To describe two novel heterozygous splicing variants of the CSF1R gene responsible for CSF1R-microglial encephalopathy in two unrelated Han Chinese families and further explore the relationship between the pathological and neuroimaging findings in this disease.

Methods: The demographic data, detailed medical history, and clinical manifestations of two unrelated Han families with CSF1R-microglial encephalopathy were recorded. Some family members also underwent detailed neuropsychological evaluation, neuroimaging, and genetic testing. The probands underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES) or next-generation sequencing (NGS) to confirm the diagnosis. The findings were substantiated using Sanger sequencing, segregation analysis, and phenotypic reevaluation.

Results: Both families presented with a dominant hereditary pattern. Five of 27 individuals (four generations) from the first family, including the proband and his sister, father, uncle, and grandmother, presented with cognitive impairments clinically during their respective lifetimes. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicted symmetric, confluent, and diffuse deep white matter changes, atrophy of the frontoparietal lobes, and thinning of the corpus callosum. The proband’s brother remained asymptomatic; brain MRI revealed minimal white matter changes, but pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) demonstrated a marked reduction in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the bilateral deep white matter and corpus callosum. Seven family members underwent WES, which identified a novel splice-site heterozygous mutation (c.2319+1C>A) in intron 20 of the CSF1R gene in four members. The proband from the second family presented with significant cognitive impairment and indifference; brain MRI depicted symmetric diffuse deep white matter changes and thinning of the corpus callosum. The proband’s mother reported herself to be asymptomatic, while neuropsychological evaluation suggested mild cognitive impairment, and brain MRI demonstrated abnormal signals in the bilateral deep white matter and corpus callosum. NGS of 55 genes related to hereditary leukodystrophy was performed for three members, which confirmed a novel splice-site heterozygous mutation (c.1858+5G>A) in intron 13 of the CSF1R gene in two members.

Conclusions: Our study identified two novel splicing mutation sites in the CSF1R gene within two independent Chinese families with CSF1R-microglial encephalopathy, broadening the genetic spectrum of CSF1R-microglial encephalopathy and emphasizing the value of pCASL for early detection of this disease.
Immediate Integration of Coarticulatory Cues for /s/-Retraction in American English
Authors: Phillips Jacob B.
Published: May 2022

Coarticulatory “noise” has long been presumed to benefit the speaker at the expense of the listener. However, recent work has found that listeners make use of that variation in real time to aid speech processing, immediately integrating coarticulatory cues as soon as they become available. Yet sibilants, sounds notable for their high degree of context-dependent variability, have been presumed to be unavailable for immediate integration, requiring that listeners hold all cues in a buffer until all relevant cues are available. The present study examines the cue integration strategies that listeners employ in the perception of prevocalic and pre-consonantal sibilants. In particular, this study examines the perception of /s/-retraction, an ongoing sound change whereby /s/ is realized approaching /ʃ/ as a result of long distance coarticulation from /r/. The study uses eye tracking in the Visual World Paradigm in order to determine precisely when listeners are able to utilize the spectral cues in sibilants in different phonological environments. Results demonstrate that while in most instances listeners wait until more cues are available before considering the correct candidate, fixation accuracy increases significantly throughout the sibilant interval alone. In the pre-consonantal environment, immediate integration strategies were strengthened when the coarticulatory cues of retraction were stronger and when they were more predictable. These findings provide further evidence that context-dependent variation can be helpful to listeners, even on the most variable of sounds.
Derivation and Validation of a Screening Model for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Based on Electrocardiogram Features
Authors: Guo Lanyan , Gao Chao , Yang Weiping , Ma Zhiling , Zhou Mengyao , Liu Jianzheng , Shao Hong , Wang Bo , Hu Guangyu , Zhao Hang , Zhang Ling , Guo Xiong , Huang Chong , Cui Zhe , Song Dandan , Sun Fangfang , Liu Liwen , Zhang Fuyang , Tao Ling
Published: May 2022

Background

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a widely distributed, but clinically heterogeneous genetic heart disease, affects approximately 20 million people worldwide. Nowadays, HCM is treatable with the advancement of medical interventions. However, due to occult clinical presentations and a lack of easy, inexpensive, and widely popularized screening approaches in the general population, 80–90% HCM patients are not clinically identifiable, which brings certain safety hazards could have been prevented. The majority HCM patients showed abnormal and diverse electrocardiogram (ECG) presentations, it is unclear which ECG parameters are the most efficient for HCM screening.

Objective

We aimed to develop a pragmatic prediction model based on the most common ECG features to screen for HCM.

Methods

Between April 1st and September 30th, 2020, 423 consecutive subjects from the International Cooperation Center for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of Xijing Hospital [172 HCM patients, 251 participants without left ventricular hypertrophy (non-HCM)] were prospectively included in the training cohort. Between January 4th and February 30th, 2021, 163 participants from the same center were included in the temporal internal validation cohort (62 HCM patients, 101 non-HCM participants). External validation was performed using retrospectively collected ECG data from Xijing Hospital (3,232 HCM ECG samples from January 1st, 2000, to March 31st, 2020; 95,184 non-HCM ECG samples from January 1st to December 31st, 2020). The C-statistic was used to measure the discriminative ability of the model.

Results

Among 30 ECG features examined, all except abnormal Q wave significantly differed between the HCM patients and non-HCM comparators. After several independent feature selection approaches and model evaluation, we included only two ECG features, T wave inversion (TWI) and the amplitude of S wave in lead V1 (SV1), in the HCM prediction model. The model showed a clearly useful discriminative performance (C-statistic > 0.75) in the training [C-statistic 0.857 (0.818–0.896)], and temporal validation cohorts [C-statistic 0.871 (0.812–0.930)]. In the external validation cohort, the C-statistic of the model was 0.833 [0.825–0.841]. A browser-based calculator was generated accordingly.

Conclusion

The pragmatic model established using only TWI and SV1 may be helpful for predicting the probability of HCM and shows promise for use in population-based HCM screening.
Numerical Simulation of Long-Term Deterioration of Rock Mass Supported by Shotcrete Lining
Authors: Kong Chao , Wang Haiyan , Zhao Kai , Gao Xinqiang
Published: May 2022

The deterioration of rock mass and shotcrete lining has major consequences on the long-term performance of tunnels in the weak rock mass. In this study, the long-term behavior of rock mass and shotcrete in tunnels was simulated by using the three-dimensional finite difference method, considering the nonlinear deterioration mechanism. The degradation of rock mass was simulated by weakening the mechanical parameters, while the deterioration of shotcrete was modeled by decreasing the thickness. The support pressure, internal force, and displacement of the secondary lining were monitored with the gradual degradation of rock mass and shotcrete. As a consequence, the factor of safety (FoS) evolution with time was discussed. The results indicated that 1) the deterioration of both rock mass and shotcrete would significantly increase the rock pressure on the secondary lining, leading to an increase in the displacement (0–14 mm). The FoS of the secondary lining was reduced by 85%. 2) The influence of shotcrete’s deterioration on the secondary lining was relatively less, and the rock pressure on the secondary lining increased from 0 kPa to 13.8 kPa. The long-term safety of the tunnel is remarkably affected by the deterioration of rock mass, depending on the deterioration characteristics of the rock mass. Therefore, the deterioration characteristics of rock mass should be fully considered in tunnel maintenance.
Short-Term Eruption Forecasting for Crisis Decision-Support in the Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand
Authors: Wild Alec J. , Bebbington Mark S. , Lindsay Jan M.
Published: May 2022

Auckland, a city of 1.6 million people, is situated atop the active monogenetic Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF). Thus, short-term eruption forecasting is critical to support crisis management in a future event, especially to inform decisions such as calling evacuations. Here we present an updated BET_EF for the AVF incorporating new data and the results of an expert-opinion workshop, and test the performance of the resulting BETEF_AVF on eight hypothetical eruption scenarios with pre-eruptive sequences. We carry out a sensitivity analysis into the selection of prior distributions for key model parameters to explore the utility of using BET_EF outputs as a potential input for evacuation decision making in areas of distributed volcanism such as the AVF. BETEF_AVF performed well based on the synthetic unrest dataset for assessing the probability of eruption, with the vent outbreaks eventuating within the zone of high spatial likelihood. Our analysis found that the selection of different spatial prior model inputs affects the estimated vent location due to the weighting between prior models and monitoring inputs within the BET_EF, which as unrest escalates may not be appropriate for distributed volcanic fields. This issue is compounded when the outputs are combined with cost-benefit analysis to inform evacuation decisions, leading to areas well beyond those with observed precursory activity being included in evacuation zones. We find that several default settings used in past work for the application of BET_EF and CBA to inform evacuation decision-support are not suitable for distributed volcanism; in particular, the default 50-50 weighting between priors and monitoring inputs for assessing spatial vent location does not produce useful results. We conclude by suggesting future cost-benefit analysis applications in volcanic fields appropriately consider the spatial and temporal variability and uncertainty characteristic of such systems.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes of Massive Multinodular Goiter: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Qiang , Su Anping , Zou Xiuhe , Liu Feng , Gong Rixiang , Zhu Jingqiang , Li Zhihui , Wei Tao
Published: May 2022

Background

Thyroidectomy for massive goiters is challenging because of the increased risk of tracheomalacia, combined sternotomy, postoperative morbidity, and mortality, whereas studies investigating the clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative morbidities, and surgical outcomes of massive goiters are limited.

Methods

Patients with goiters undergoing thyroid surgery between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 227 patients were enrolled and divided into massive goiter group and large goiter group according to the weight of the goiter. Clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative morbidities, and surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

Seventy-four patients (32.6%) had a goiter weighing more than 250 g and 153 patients (67.4%) were categorized in the large goiter group. Compared to large goiter patients, massive goiter patients had higher rates of retrosternal extension (82.4% vs. 30.7%), combined sternotomy (12.2% vs. 1.3%), intensive care unit admission (25.7% vs. 7.2%), transient hypoparathyroidism (41.9% vs. 25.5%), and transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (10.8% vs. 3.3%) as well as prolonged length of hospital stay (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Massive goiter patients were at increased risk of combined sternotomy, intensive care unit admission, postoperative morbidities as well as prolonged length of hospital stay after thyroidectomy compared to large goiter patients, but most of them can be treated through a cervical approach with a favorable outcome.
A Prognostic Signature for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on Ferroptosis-Related lncRNAs and Immune Checkpoints
Authors: Dong Yunze , Liu Ding , Zhou Hongmin , Gao Yuchen , Nueraihemaiti Yimingniyizi , Xu Yunfei
Published: May 2022

Background: Ferroptosis is a potential target for cancer therapy, and lncRNAs can also affect ferroptosis by regulating related genes. The pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) regarding the regulation of ferroptosis by lncRNAs is still unknown.

Methods: We constructed a risk model based on data in ccRCC patients obtained from the TCGA database and validated the diagnostic and prognostic value of the model. In addition, immune function and immune checkpoint variability analysis validated the association of ferroptosis with ccRCC tumor immunity.

Results: The characteristics of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs) were significantly correlated with the prognosis of ccRCC patients. The prognostic characteristics of FRLs were independent prognostic factors in ccRCC patients. Gene function in the high-risk group was associated with oxygen metabolic processes and immune pathways. Immune checkpoint variability analysis showed that HAVCR2, NRP1, and HHLA2 were upregulated in the low-risk group, while CD44, TNFRSF18, TNFSF14, TNFRSF8, CD276, and TNFRSF25 were upregulated in the high-risk group.

Conclusions: The prognostic characteristics of FRLs can effectively predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients and provide a new direction for clinical treatment.
Alphavirus Replicon Particle Vaccine Breaks B Cell Tolerance and Rapidly Induces IgG to Murine Hematolymphoid Tumor Associated Antigens
Authors: Su Hsuan , Imai Kazuhiro , Jia Wei , Li Zhiguo , DiCioccio Rachel A. , Serody Jonathan S. , Poe Jonathan C. , Chen Benny J. , Doan Phuong L. , Sarantopoulos Stefanie
Published: May 2022

De novo immune responses to myeloid and other blood-borne tumors are notably limited and ineffective, making our ability to promote immune responses with vaccines a major challenge. While focus has been largely on cytotoxic cell-mediated tumor eradication, B-cells and the antibodies they produce also have roles in anti-tumor responses. Indeed, therapeutic antibody-mediated tumor cell killing is routinely employed in patients with hematolymphoid cancers, but whether endogenous antibody responses can be incited to blood-born tumors remains poorly studied. A major limitation of immunoglobulin therapies is that cell surface expression of tumor-associated antigen (TAA) targets is dynamic and varied, making promotion of polyclonal, endogenous B cell responses appealing. Since many TAAs are self-antigens, developing tumor vaccines that enable production of antibodies to non-polymorphic antigen targets remains a challenge. As B cell responses to RNA vaccines are known to occur, we employed the Viral Replicon Particles (VRP) which was constructed to encode mouse FLT3. The VRP-FLT3 vaccine provoked a rapid IgG B-cell response to this self-antigen in leukemia and lymphoma mouse models. In addition, IgGs to other TAAs were also produced. Our data suggest that vaccination with RNA viral particle vectors incites a loss of B-cell tolerance that enables production of anti-tumor antibodies. This proof of principle work provides impetus to employ such strategies that lead to a break in B-cell tolerance and enable production of broadly reactive anti-TAA antibodies as potential future therapeutic agents for patients with hematolymphoid cancers.
Paeonol Interferes With Quorum-Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Modulates Inflammatory Responses In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Tang Huaqiao , Yang Dan , Zhu Ling , Shi Fei , Ye Gang , Guo Hongrui , Deng Huidan , Zhao Ling , Xu Zhiwen , Li Yinglun
Published: May 2022

Developing quorum-sensing (QS) based anti-infection drugs is one of the most powerful strategies to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. Paeonol has been proven to attenuate the QS-controlled virulence factors of P. aeruginosa by down-regulating the transcription of QS signal molecules. This research aimed to assess the anti-virulence activity and mechanism of paeonol against P. aeruginosa infection in vitro and in vivo. In this study, paeonol was found to reduce the adhesion and invasion of P.aeruginosa to macrophages and resist the cytotoxicity induced by P.aeruginosa. Paeonol reduced the expression of virulence factors of P.aeruginosa by inhibiting QS, thereby reducing the LDH release and damage of P.aeruginosa-infected macrophages. Paeonol can inhibit bacterial virulence and enhance the ability of macrophages to clear P.aeruginosa. In addition, paeonol exerts anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Paeonol treatment significantly inhibited the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and decreased the inflammation response of P. aeruginosa-infected macrophages. Paeonol also significantly reduced the ability of P.aeruginosa to infect mice and reduced the inflammatory response. These data suggest that paeonol can inhibit the virulence of P.aeruginosa and decrease the inflammation response in P.aeruginosa-infected macrophages and mice, which can decrease the damage induced by P.aeruginosa infection and enhance the ability of macrophages to clear bacteria. This study supports the further development of new potential anti-infective drugs based on inhibition of QS and virulence factors.
Machine Learning Models for the Diagnosis and Prognosis Prediction of High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Kong Hui , Zhu Haojie , Zheng Xiaoyun , Jiang Meichen , Chen Lushan , Lan Lingqiong , Ren Jinhua , Luo Xiaofeng , Zheng Jing , Zheng Zhihong , Chen Zhizhe , Hu Jianda , Yang Ting
Published: May 2022

High-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) is a newly introduced category of rare and heterogeneous invasive B-cell lymphoma (BCL), which is diagnosed depending on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), an expensive and laborious analysis. In order to identify HGBL with minimal workup and costs, a total of 187 newly diagnosed BCL patients were enrolled in a cohort study. As a result, the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the HGBL group were inferior to those of the non-HGBL group. HGBL (n = 35) was more likely to have a high-grade histomorphology appearance, extranodal involvement, bone marrow involvement, and whole-body maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax). The machine learning classification models indicated that histomorphology appearance, Ann Arbor stage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and International Prognostic Index (IPI) risk group were independent risk factors for diagnosing HGBL. Patients in the high IPI risk group, who are CD10 positive, and who have extranodal involvement, high LDH, high white blood cell (WBC), bone marrow involvement, old age, advanced Ann Arbor stage, and high SUVmax had a higher risk of death within 1 year. In addition, these models prompt the clinical features with which the patients should be recommended to undergo a FISH test. Furthermore, this study supports that first-line treatment with R-CHOP has dismal efficacy in HGBL. A novel induction therapeutic regimen is still urgently needed to ameliorate the poor outcome of HGBL patients.
Managing Marine Resources Sustainably – The ‘Management Response-Footprint Pyramid’ Covering Policy, Plans and Technical Measures
Authors: Cormier Roland , Elliott Michael , Borja Ángel
Published: May 2022

The plethora of human activities and their pressures and impacts in the oceans require managing at local, national, regional and international scales. This requires management responses in a programme of measures to determine (a) the area in which the human activities take place, (b) the area covered by the pressures generated by the activities on the prevailing habitats and species in which pressures are defined as the mechanisms of change, and (c) the area over which any adverse effects (and even benefits) occur on both the natural and human systems. The spatial and temporal scales of these leads to the concepts of activity-, pressures-, effects- and management responses-footprints, defined here. These footprints cover areas from tens of m2 to millions of km2, and, in the case of management responses, from a large number of local instruments to a few global instruments thereby giving rise to what is termed the management response-footprint pyramids. This may operate from either bottom-up or top-down directions, whether as the result of local societal demands for clean, healthy, productive and diverse seas or by diktat from national, supranational and global bodies such as the United Nations. These concepts are explained and illustrated using marine examples based on experience from many jurisdictions.
The Distribution Pattern of Ocular Residual Astigmatism in Chinese Myopic Patients
Authors: Tang Changting , Du Zijing , Wu Guanrong , Tan Xuanyun , Zang Siwen , Yu Honghua , Hu Yijun
Published: May 2022

Purpose

We aimed to investigate the distribution of ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) and its associations with age, gender, manifest refraction, and other ocular indicators in Chinese patients with myopia.

Design

This is a multi-center retrospective cross-sectional study.

Method

The study included 7,893 patients with myopia (7,893 eyes) aged 18–40 years from five ophthalmic centers. Anterior segment biometrics of the eyes were collected from the Pentacam. ORA and its summated vector mean were calculated using Alpins vector analysis. Compensation factor (CF) was used to evaluate the relation between ORA and corneal astigmatism. ORA in different age, gender, and refraction groups was compared. The Spearman correlation was adopted to reveal multiple ocular indicators associated with ORA, which were integrated into a multiple linear regression model to predict ORA.

Results

Distribution of ORA was slightly positively skewed (Skewness= 2.111, Kurtosis = 19.660, KS P < 0.0001). Mean ORA was 0.74 ± 0.39 D (95% normal range: 0.14–1.54 D). Among all the subjects, 22.4% of the eyes had an ORA magnitude of 1.0 D or more. Undercompensation or full-compensation of anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA) by ORA prevailed in both J0 (76.99%) and J45 (58.48%). Women had higher ORA power than men (0.77 ± 0.36 D vs. 0.73 ± 0.41 D, P < 0.0001). Participants with less negative spherical equivalent (SE) or higher manifest astigmatism (MA) also had higher ORA (all P < 0.0001). ORA was significantly correlated with ACA (r = 0.405) and posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA, r = 0.356). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed strong predictability of ORA magnitude >1.0 D using anterior segment parameters (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.739).

Conclusion

ORA is present in Chinese adults with myopia and is affected by multiple ocular factors. Our findings may provide valuable information about ORA distribution in candidates for refractive surgery, helping optimize the outcome of astigmatism correction.