bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pore Structure Alteration Characteristics of Different Mineralogical Composition Shale during Shale-Fracturing Fluid Physical-Chemical Interactions
Authors: Sun Zepeng , Wang Yongli , Wei Zhifu , Ni Yue , Wu Baoxiang , Li Jing , Fan Wenhua , Wang Gailing , Li Yunxiao
Published: November 2019

Hydraulic fracturing is widely applied to economic gas production from shale reservoirs, but the effect of the shale mineral composition on the physical-chemical reactions during hydraulic fracturing is still poorly understood. To develop a foundational understanding of chemical interactions occurring on shale with different mineralogical compositions, two different types of mineral composition marine shale (carbonate-poor and carbonate-rich) from the Niutitang Formation were reacted with slick water fracturing fluid in a laboratory reactor at 100°C and 50 MPa for three days. To identify the changes of the pore structure characteristics during hydraulic fracturing, the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and porosity measurement were performed on the original and treated shale samples. After the slick water treatment, the dissolution of pyrite in carbonate-poor shale (obtained from Youyang County, labeled as YY) was observed by FE-SEM and XRD analyses, while in carbonate-rich shale (obtained from Guzhang County, labeled as GZ), the carbonate dissolution was observed. Results from the low-temperature N2 adsorption and porosity measurement demonstrated that the variation trend of pore structure characteristics for the YY and GZ shale samples was quite different after reacting with slick water fracturing fluid. For YY shale, the specific surface area, total pore volume, and porosity increased after the reaction, whereas an opposite trend was observed in the GZ shale. Moreover, the fractal dimension analysis illustrated that the pore surface became less rough and the pore structure became more complex in the YY shale, whereas the degree of pore surface roughness and pore structure complexity of the GZ shale was reduced. The results demonstrated that the initial mineralogical composition of shale played an important role in pore structure alteration during hydraulic fracturing.
Rapidly Progressive Myelopathy Caused by Aggressive Vertebral Hemangioma
Authors: Moattari Kevin A. , Melikian Rojeh , Khurana Sanjay K.
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Vertebral hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the spine, having an incidence of 10-12% in the general population. They are asymptomatic, incidental findings in the vast majority of patients; however, in rare cases, they can expand to cause neural compression. Aggressive lesions of this sort are most commonly found in the thoracic spine, and expansion leads to the subacute development of myelopathy. Case Report. The authors report a rare case of aggressive vertebral hemangioma at the T1 vertebral body which caused rapidly progressive myelopathy over the course of 7 days. Clinical and radiological findings are shown as well as surgical management of the lesion. The patient regained the ability to ambulate, and there was no evidence of disease recurrence at 2-year follow-up. Conclusions. Although aggressive vertebral hemangiomas are a rare cause of myelopathy, they must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of cord compressive lesions. In this case, contrary to most, the expansion of the hemangioma led to rapid development of neurological decline necessitating urgent surgical intervention.
Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Rat Mandibular Bone Defects
Authors: Stuepp Rubia Teodoro , Barros Delben Priscilla , Modolo Filipe , Trentin Andrea Gonçalves , Garcez Ricardo Castilho , Biz Michelle Tillmann
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the use of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in non-critical-sized mandibular bone defects in rats. hDPSCs from permanent teeth were isolated and engrafted in mandibular bone defects in rats for 7, 14, and 28 days; bone defects without cells formed the control group. Samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and the regeneration area was measured by the Image J program. Before surgery procedures, the human dental pulp cells were characterized as dental pulp stem cells: fusiform morphology, plastic-adherent; expression of CD105, CD73, and CD90; lack of expression of CD45 and CD34, and differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. The results indicated that within 7 days the control group presented a pronounced bone formation when compared with the treated group (p < 0.05). After 14 days, the treated group showed an increase in bone formation, but with no statistical difference among the groups (p > 0.05). In the final evaluated period there was no difference between the control group and the treated group (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between 7 and 14 days (p < 0.05) and between 7 and 28 days (p < 0.05) in the treated group. In conclusion, there is no evidence that the use of hDPSCs in the conditions of this study could improve bone formation in non-critical-sized mandibular bone defects.
KOKON: A Germany-Wide Collaborative Research Project to Identify Needs, Provide Information, Foster Communication and Support Decision-Making about Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Oncology
Authors: Güthlin Corina , Bartsch Hans-Helge , Joos Stefanie , Längler Alfred , Lampert Claudia , Ritter Christoph , Schildmann Jan , Weis Joachim , Wilhelm Martin , Witt Claudia M. , Horneber Markus
Published: November 2019

Background: The German Cancer Aid set up a priority research programme with the intention to generate high-quality information based on evidence and to make this information easily accessible for health-care professionals and advisors, researchers, patients, and the general public. Summary: The Kompetenznetz Komplementärmedizin in der Onkologie (KOKON) received 2 funding periods within this programme. During the first funding period, KOKON assessed patients’ and health-care professionals’ informational needs, developed a consulting manual for physicians, developed an education programme for self-help groups, set up a knowledge database, and developed a pilot information website for patients. Funding period 2 continues with work that allows cancer patients and health-care professionals to make informed decisions about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). For this aim, KOKON evaluates training programmes for physicians (oncology physicians, paediatric oncologists, and general practitioners) and for self-help groups. All training programmes integrate results from an analysis of the ethical, psychological, and medical challenges of CAM in the medical encounter, and the knowledge database is being extended with issues related to CAM for supportive and palliative care. Key Message: A Germany-wide collaborative research project to identify needs, provide information, foster communication, and support decision-making about CAM in oncology is being set up.
Correlation between Type of Clefting and the Incidence of Otitis Media among Children with Lip and/or Palate Clefts
Authors: Mangia Lucas R.L. , Tramontina Bruna , Tonocchi Rita , Polanski José Fernando
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Otitis media is a frequent condition among children with high morbidity. Orofacial clefts are undoubtedly one of the most well-established risk factors for otitis media during childhood. The clinical spectrum of disease in orofacial clefting is broad according to the subtype of malformation. This study aims to correlate the occurrence of otitis media among lip and/or palate cleft children with clinical and epidemiological parameters, in particular with the subtypes of malformation diagnosed. Methods: This is a clinical, retrospective, case-control type of study. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained from medical records of children born between 2005 and 2008 and attending a multidisciplinary center for cleft patients. Results: 53% of the patients had registers of middle ear disorder during follow-up, and secretory otitis media was the most frequently diagnosed condition. Five children (1.39%) had chronic otitis media during the study period. Those patients with malformations including involvement of structures located posteriorly to the incisive foramen were more frequently diagnosed with otitis media than those with isolated pre-foramen cleft (p value < 0.001, odds ratio: 5.33). Gender and bilateral malformations did not correlate with increased occurrence of middle ear disease (p value > 0.05). Conclusion: Otitis media is frequent among lip and/or palate cleft children, although the grade of middle ear involvement seems to vary widely within this population. Post-foraminal malformations are clearly associated with increased incidence of otitis media, as well as with more severe diseases.
Only on Invitation? How the Recruitment Strategy Determines Who Is Treated Online
Authors: Zagorscak Pavle , Bohn Johannes , Heinrich Manuel , Kampisiou Christina , Knaevelsrud Christine
Published: November 2019

Background: Participants for efficacy studies on Internet-based interventions (IBI) are recruited through self-selected convenience sampling or targeted external invitations. Comparisons are necessary to determine how recruitment strategies influence sample composition. Such comparisons consequently yield potential for evaluating which conditions are more probable to fulfill IBI’s promise to be an effective treatment option for underserved populations. Methods: A comparison of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of differently recruited participants in an IBI for mild to moderate depression was made: (1) individuals on sick leave due to an affective disorder who were informed about the IBI by their health insurance (n= 308) and (2) individuals who self-selected to participate (e.g., after seeing information on the IBI in print media; n= 699). Results: Compared to the self-selected group, the externally selected group was older, less educated, spent less time on the Internet, had a less positive attitude towards IBI, and comprised more men. Groups did not differ in initial symptom severity, in-treatment symptom change, or previous psychotherapeutic experiences. Conclusions: The results indicate that larger shares of underserved subpopulations (e.g., less educated, older, male, less internet-savvy) begin an IBI treatment when the insurer informs them about the IBI. Recruitment source does not influence efficacy.
The Microbiome in Benign Renal Tissue and in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Heidler Stefan , Lusuardi Lukas , Madersbacher Stephan , Freibauer Christa
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The renal bacterial colonization has not been explored so far. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the renal microbiome and to determine differences of the renal microbiome in healthy and tumor-bearing parenchyma. Methods: Ten biopsies from patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal carcinoma with no history of urinary tract infections within the last 6 months were included in this study. The identification of all microorganisms was done using 16S DNA sequencing. The beta diversity analysis was performed by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. Results: In all kidney samples, a plethora of microorganisms was found, with significant differences between benign and malignant renal tissue (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: There is evidence that healthy kidney tissue as well as renal cell cancer tissue have a specific microbiome, thus opening new perspectives in renal physiology and tumor pathogenesis.
No Improvement of Hepatitis B Vaccination Response in Patients Dialysed with a Polymethylmethacrylate Membrane Compared to High-Flux Polysulfone: Results of the HEPADIAL Study
Authors: de Précigout Valérie , Germain Christine , Benard Antoine , Lacraz Adeline , Chauveau Philippe , Deprele Carole , Seigneuric Bruno , Pommereau Antoine , Courivaud Cécile , Douillet Marine , Taton Benjamin , Combe Christian , Contin-Bordes Cécile
Published: November 2019

Background: An altered immune response and decreased vaccine response are observed in patients with chronic renal failure. A preliminary study of 15 non-immunised patients, despite appropriate previous hepatitis B vaccination, showed a 60% seroconversion rate after 3 months of dialysis with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membrane. This response was associated with circulating soluble CD40 (CD40s) decrease, a natural inhibitor of the humoral immune response. The aim of the study is to confirm these results in a randomised study. Methods: We conducted a multicentre randomised intention-to-treat superiority clinical trial comparing polysulfone and a PMMA membrane in 2 parallel patient groups. The primary end point was the vaccine response rate, as defined by an anti-HBs antibodies titre of >10 IU/L, 1 month after the last vaccination with a double dose of Engerix B20®, performed at weeks 12, 16, 20, and 36. Results: Twenty-five patients were randomised and included in an intention-to-treat analysis. They were dialysed on polysulfone (n = 11) or PMMA (n = 14) for 40 weeks. Fifty percent of the PMMA patients versus 54.5% of the polysulfone patients achieved seroconversion (p = 1.00). The median anti-HBs antibody titre in responders at week 40 was 496 (92–750) versus 395 (43–572) UI/mL for PMMA and polysulfone, respectively (p = 0.46). The median CD40s titre at week 12 was 306 (193–448) versus 491 (281–515) pg/mL (p = 0.21). The CD40s median variation between week 0 and week 12 was 5 (–105 to 90) versus 64 (–63 to 123) pg/mL (p = 0.55). The CD40s level at week 12 in non-responders was slightly inferior to that of the responders: median 193 (168–331) versus 413 (281–512) pg/mL (p = 0.08). Conclusion: We did not observe a better vaccine response with the PMMA membrane compared to high-flux polysulfone. The PMMA membrane did not decrease the CD40s more than the polysulfone membrane probably because the titre was previously low in the 2 groups.
Recent Trends in Treatment for Colonic Diverticular Bleeding in Japan
Authors: Tsuruoka Nanae , Takedomi Hironobu , Sakata Yasuhisa , Shimoda Ryo
Published: November 2019

Background: In both Western countries and in Japan, the incidence of colonic diverticular bleeding has increased with increased use of antithrombotic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Therefore, the Japan Gastroenterological Association issued guidelines for colonic diverticular bleeding and colonic diverticulitis in Japanese in 2017 and in English in 2019. However, the guidelines contain unresolved problems. Herein, we review the recent treatment trends for colonic diverticular bleeding in Japan. Summary: Colonic diverticular bleeding necessitates frequent blood transfusions due to rebleeding, and patients require prolonged hospitalization. Endoscopic treatment plays an important role in treating diverticular bleeding. Currently, endoscopic band ligation (EBL) and endoscopic clipping are used in Japan for diverticular hemorrhage when the source of the hemorrhage is identified. EBL results in significantly lower early (<30 days) and 1-year rebleeding rates and long-term recurrence rates compared with endoscopic clipping. Furthermore, the proportion of patients requiring transcatheter arterial embolization or surgery after EBL is significantly lower than that following endoscopic clipping. Several reports state that EBL is superior to endoscopic clipping; however, EBL has associated complications, and it is necessary to carefully consider the individual patient. Key Messages: EBL is superior to endoscopic clipping regarding short- and long-term rebleeding rates and the rate of transition to surgery and embolization. Methods for preventing diverticular hemorrhage have not been established, but NSAIDs should be discontinued if possible. Prevention strategies for diverticular bleeding need to be evaluated in studies with large sample sizes.
MiR-21 Promotes the Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Activating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Xiao Tao , Jie Zhigang
Published: November 2019

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. It is likely to occur in lymph nodes and is prone to distant metastasis in its early stages, which portends a poor prognosis. Previous studies have shown that miRNA-21 was abnormally highly expressed and associated with early metastasis in GC, but the mechanism by which it regulates the invasion and metastasis of GC has not been elucidated. Methods: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important pathologic basis of tumor invasion and metastasis, and in this study, the relationship between miRNA-21 and EMT in GC invasion and metastasis was investigated using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and wound scratch and transwell assays. Results: We found that miRNA-21 expression in GC cell lines was higher than in a gastric mucosal epithelial cell line. After transfection with an miRNA-21 mimic, the upregulation of EMT was found to promote migration and invasion of MGC-803 cells. However, the downregulation of EMT was found to accompany the inhibition of invasion and migration of GC cells after downregulation of miRNA-21 expression due to the transfection of an miRNA-21 inhibitor. Conclusions: These findings suggest that miRNA-21 might promote the invasion and metastasis of GC by upregulating EMT.
Impact of the Type of Analgesic Therapy on Postsurgical Complications of Patients with Kidney Cancer Undergoing Nephrectomy
Authors: Varela-Santoyo Edgar , Escamilla-López Miriam Ixel , Izquierdo-Tolosa Carlos Daniel , Arroyave-Ramírez Andrés Mauricio , Buerba-Vieregge Hector Hugo , Dorantes-Heredia Rita , Motola-Kuba Daniel , Ruiz-Morales José Manuel
Published: November 2019

Background: The treatment of kidney cancer usually involves surgery, and in some cases systemic therapy. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to control postsurgical pain in patients undergoing nephrectomy for renal cancer. Nevertheless, the association between these drugs and adverse postsurgical outcomes, including deterioration of renal function, is not fully established. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients >18 years old with kidney cancer undergoing nephrectomy between January 2006 and January 2018. The primary endpoint was to determine the impact of postsurgical analgesic therapy (NSAIDs vs. acetaminophen) on renal function and postsurgical complications. This study was approved by our scientific and bioethical committee. Results: One hundred patients were included in the final analysis. Clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma was the most frequent histologic subtype. Adequate acute pain control was accomplished in 91% of the patients during hospitalization. Twenty percent of the patients presented postsurgical complications. Bleeding-related complications were the most frequent (9%), followed by surgical-site infection (6%) and acute renal injury (6%). The administration of NSAIDs was not related to any postsurgical complication in comparison with the use of acetaminophen (21.3 vs. 17.9%, respectively). The length of hospital stay did not differ between patients treated with NSAIDs and those treated with acetaminophen (the average stay was 4 days for both groups, p = 0.32). Conclusion: The use of NSAIDs was not related to acute kidney injury, postsurgical complications, or prolonged hospital stay in patients with renal cancer undergoing nephrectomy.
Homoplasmy of the Mitochondrial DNA Mutation m.616T>C Leads to Mitochondrial Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease and Encephalopathia
Authors: Lorenz Robin , Ahting Uwe , Betzler Cornelia , Heimering Sigrid , Borggräfe Ingo , Lange-Sperandio Bärbel
Published: November 2019

Autosomal-dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease ­(ADTKD) describes tubulointerstitial kidney disease with autosomal-dominant inheritance. In 2017, the term mitochondrial tubulointerstitial kidney disease (MITKD) was introduced for tubulointerstitial kidney disease caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. To date, there are few mutations described in literature causing MITKD, one of them is m.616T>C. A 5-year-old girl presented with chronic renal insufficiency and epilepsia. At the age of 3 years, status epileptic occurred and evolved into epilepsia partialis continua. At the age of 5 years, chronic renal failure (CKD II–III) was diagnosed due to tubulointerstitial kidney disease. Urine analysis showed elevated fractional excretions of sodium and chloride. Kidneys were enlarged and hyperechogenic. Blood pressure was elevated. The family history was unremarkable for renal and/or neurological disorders. Genetic testing was performed and revealed homoplasmy of the substitution m.616T>C in our patient’s mtDNA. This mutation has been shown to cause chronic tubulointerstitial kidney disease leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and epilepsia formerly. MITKD is a rare mitochondrial disease leading to ESRD and should be suggested in patients with epilepsia and renal insufficiency.
Steroid 17-Hydroxyprogesterone in Hair Is a Potential Long-Term Biomarker of Androgen Control in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Auer Matthias K. , Krumbholz Aniko , Bidlingmaier Martin , Thieme Detlef , Reisch Nicole
Published: November 2019

Introduction: To evaluate scalp hair steroid concentrations as a monitoring tool for androgen control and metabolic outcomes in adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Methods: 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione, testosterone, cortisol, cortisone, progesterone, prednisolone, and prednisone concentrations were measured in scalp hair by means of LC-MS/MS in 27 women and 15 men with CAH and controls (37 women, 42 men). Results: In CAH men and women, 17-OHP levels in hair showed a significant positive correlation with corresponding levels in serum (ρ = 0.654; p = 0.01; ρ = 0.553, p = 0.003 respectively), while total testosterone levels were only significantly correlated in CAH men (ρ = 0.543; p = 0.036). Androstenedione levels did not show a significant correlation. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that a cutoff value of 21.7 pg/mg for 17-OHP in hair provided a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88.9% for identifying men with elevated serum androstenedione. Hair 17-OHP in women showed a poorer performance in terms of identifying those with elevated androstenedione serum levels. However, when applying a cutoff value of 5.5 for the free androgen index as a marker of significant hyperandrogenism in CAH women, 17-OHP >27.6 pg/mg in hair provided a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95.8% (AUC 0.986, 95% CI 0.945–1.000; p < 0.001). Neither hair cortisol nor markers of adrenal androgen control in hair showed significant associations with cardiometabolic outcome or bone health. Conclusion: This study shows that scalp hair 17-OHP concentrations may be a promising noninvasive long-term parameter for treatment monitoring in adult patients with CAH.
Superficial Cerebellar Microbleeds and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Hsi , Pasi Marco , Tsai Li-Kai , Chen Ya-Fang , Chen Yu-Wei , Tang Sung-Chun , Gurol M. Edip , Yen Ruoh-Fang , Jeng Jiann-Shing
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—

The differentiation between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and hypertensive small vessel disease in primary intracerebral hemorrhage is mainly based on hemorrhagic neuroimaging markers in the supratentorial regions, and the cause for cerebellar microbleeds remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate whether superficial cerebellar microbleeds are more likely to be related to CAA rather than hypertensive small vessel disease.

Methods—

Two hundred seventy-five consecutive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained hospital-based stroke registry. Eighty-five (33.1%) patients had cerebellar microbleeds and were categorized into superficial (gray matter, vermis), deep (white matter, deep nucleus, cerebellar peduncle), or mixed type based on the location of cerebellar hemorrhagic lesions. Amyloid imaging was obtained using 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B–positron emission tomography in a subgroup of patients. The associations between cerebellar microbleed locations and the type of small vessel disease (CAA versus hypertensive small vessel disease) based on distribution of supratentorial hemorrhagic lesions as well as other magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography markers were analyzed.

Results—

The presence of cerebellar microbleed was independently associated with supratentorial microbleed and lacunar infarcts (both
P
<0.01). Strictly superficial cerebellar microbleeds were significantly related to CAA–intracerebral hemorrhage, cortical superficial siderosis and high-grade enlarged perivascular space in centrum semiovale (all
P
<0.05); deep or mixed cerebellar microbleeds were related to hypertension and deep microbleed (all
P
<0.05). In multivariable models, superficial cerebellar microbleeds were independently associated with CAA–intracerebral hemorrhage (
P
=0.03). Of 33 patients assessed by amyloid positron emission tomography, cerebral and cerebellar amyloid load (standardized uptake value ratio) was higher in patients with superficial cerebellar microbleeds compared with deep/mixed cerebellar microbleeds (cerebrum standardized uptake value ratio [reference: cerebellum] 1.33±0.24 versus 1.05±0.09,
P
<0.001; cerebellum standardized uptake value ratio [reference: pons] 0.58±0.08 versus 0.51±0.09,
P
=0.03).

Conclusions—

Patients with strictly superficial cerebellar microbleeds are associated with a clinicoradiological diagnosis of CAA as well as increased cerebral and cerebellar amyloid deposition on Pittsburgh Compound B–positron emission tomography, suggesting underlying CAA pathology.
Multioracle Coevolutionary Learning of Requirements Specifications from Examples in On-The-Fly Markets
Authors: Wever Marcel , van Rooijen Lorijn , Hamann Heiko
Published: November 2019

In software engineering, the imprecise requirements of a user are transformed to a formal requirements specification during the requirements elicitation process. This process is usually guided by requirements engineers interviewing the user. We want to partially automate this first step of the software engineering process in order to enable users to specify a desired software system on their own. With our approach, users are only asked to provide exemplary behavioral descriptions. The problem of synthesizing a requirements specification from examples can partially be reduced to the problem of grammatical inference, to which we apply an active coevolutionary learning approach. However, this approach would usually require many feedback queries to be sent to the user. In this work, we extend and generalize our active learning approach to receive knowledge from multiple oracles, also known as proactive learning. The ``user oracle'' represents input received from the user and the “knowledge oracle” represents available, formalized domain knowledge. We call our two-oracle approach the “first apply knowledge then query” (FAKT/Q) algorithm. We compare FAKT/Q to the active learning approach and provide an extensive benchmark evaluation. As result we find that the number of required user queries is reduced and the inference process is sped up significantly. Finally, with so-called On-The-Fly Markets, we present a motivation and an application of our approach where such knowledge is available.
Integrative taxonomy of Meloidogyne paranaensis populations belonging to different esterase phenotypes
Authors: Santos Marcilene F.A. , Mattos Vanessa S. , Gomes Ana Cristina M.M. , Monteiro Jessica M.S. , Souza Daniela A. , Torres Caio A.R. , Salgado Sônia Maria L. , Castagnone Sereno Philippe , Carneiro Regina M.D.G.
Published: November 2019

Meloidogyne paranaensis is one of the most destructive root-knot nematode species affecting coffee cultivation. This species presents different esterase phenotypes (Est): P1, P2 and P2a, previous studies showing that Est P2 and P2a populations were more aggressive to susceptible coffee cultivars than populations with Est P1, and local producers have even asked if they may be described as other species. The objective of this study was to characterise M. paranaensis populations of different esterase phenotypes (Est P1, P2 and P2a), regarding morphological, morphometric and phylogenetic relationships in distinct regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase II (COII) and nuclear protein coding gene HSP90. All populations were identified by esterase phenotype and SCAR-specific markers. Regarding morphology/morphometrics, the three populations were very similar to the description of the species, differing only in the morphology of the male stylet and second-stage juvenile hyaline tail length. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, a low intraspecific variability was detected among M. paranaensis Est P1 and Est P2 populations from Brazil; the Guatemalan population Est P2a, however, showed a genetic differentiation from the Brazilian populations, confirming the geographic genetic distance of this aggressive population. According to this multi-source approach study, in spite of the intraspecific variation, the phylogenetic position of M. paranaensis is absolute, regardless of the enzymatic phenotype and SCAR markers.
Activity against Meloidogyne incognita of volatile compounds produced during amendment of soil with castor bean cake
Authors: Pedroso Luma A. , Campos Vicente P. , Barros Aline F. , Justino Júlio C. , de Paula Letícia L.
Published: November 2019

Incorporation of castor bean cake into the soil results in the emission of four main compounds: skatole, γ-decalactone, 4-methylphenol and phenol. The toxic effects of these compounds on the life cycle of Meloidogyne incognita were studied here. Only phenol did not reduce hatching of M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) at any of the concentrations tested. The other compounds reduced J2 hatching by 42.1 to 59.3% at the highest concentrations. When J2 were immersed in Tween 80® solutions of each compound, at their respective LC50 values and inoculated into soil with tomato plants, reductions in the numbers of galls (48.5-69.3%) and eggs (42.8-62.5%) were observed in comparison with the control; this result was similar to that of carbofuran. The highest reductions in the numbers of galls (21.8-88.5%) and eggs (49.6-98.9%) occurred with all compounds when the highest concentration (500 mg l−1) was applied to the substrate at the moment of J2 inoculation. Volatile compounds of γ-decalactone and skatole failed to cause J2 immobility or mortality. However, phenol caused 95.8% and 4-methylphenol caused 100% mortality. With fumigation, the highest concentration (1000 mg (l substrate)−1) of any tested compound reduced gall numbers at a similar rate to the nematicide dazomet (98.7-100%) and reduced egg numbers (87.1-99.7%). The volatile compounds skatole, γ-decalactone, 4-methylphenol and phenol have a nematicidal effect on the life cycle of M. incognita and alter its pathogenic behaviour on the plant.
A Transnational Newspaper Venture. Publishing an Italian Newspaper in Habsburg Vienna (1671-1700)
Authors: Lamal Nina
Published: November 2019

This article examines for the first time Il Corriere Ordinario, an Italian-language newspaper which appeared bi-weekly between 1671 and 1723 in Vienna. This specific newspaper title is remarkable because it was published in the Italian language in a predominantly German-speaking city. The two printers responsible for producing this periodical had recently migrated to Vienna from the Habsburg Low Countries. Despite recent advances in scholarship, acknowledging the importance of international news flows, foreign language newspaper ventures such as Il Corriere Ordinario have hitherto been largely ignored. This article investigates why this newspaper was printed in Vienna and argues that it was intended both for a local and international Italian(ate) audience. As a semi-official news bulletin of the imperial Habsburg government, it publicised foreign political news of its allies and became a useful tool in the fight against French propaganda. Using the case of this remarkable newspaper, I will demonstrate why and how political information moved across state and linguistic borders.
Between Uniatism and Arabism
Authors: Neveu Norig
Published: November 2019

In the Emirate of Transjordan, the interwar period was marked by the emergence of the Melkite Church. Following the Eastern rite and represented by Arab priests, this church appeared to be an asset from a missionary perspective as Arab nationalism was spreading in the Middle East. New parishes and schools were opened. A new Melkite archeparchy was created in the Emirate in 1932. The archbishop, Paul Salman, strengthened the foundation of the church and became a key partner of the government. This article tackles the relationship between Arabisation, nationalisation and territorialisation. It aims to highlight the way the Melkite Church embodied the adaptation strategy of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches in Transjordan. The clergy of this national church was established by mobilising regional and international networks. By considering these clerics as go-between experts, this article aims to decrypt a complex process of territorialisation and transnationalisation of the Melkite Church.
Past Climatic Conditions for Bokoni at Buffelskloof, Mpumalanga, Using δ13C Analysis of Prunus africana and Pittosporum viridiflorum Tree Rings
Authors: Schoeman Maria H. , Aub Byron , Burrows John , Hall Grant , Woodborne Stephan
Published: November 2019

Terrace farming flourished in Bokoni from the sixteenth century CE onwards. Bokoni farmers’ resilience strategies, however, were severely tested during the third occupation phase (approx. 1780 to 1840 CE), when the mfecane destabilised the region. In order to reflect on the environmental conditions Bokoni farmers faced in this period the stable carbon isotope proxy rainfall records from Prunus africana and Pittosporum viridiflorum specimens that grew on the Buffelskloof site were studied. Because the Buffelskloof records postdate the occupation, the records are compared with a 1000-year Adansonia digitata rainfall proxy record from the Pafuri region. Deviations between the two are attributed to the juvenile effect, and when these are discounted there is a significant correlation between local and regional rainfall records. This suggests common large-scale synoptic forcing underlies regional rainfall variability, and the decadal-scale variability in the Adansonia digitata records indicates extremely dry conditions in the 1780 to 1840 CE period.
Asymmetrical intra-guild predation and niche differentiation in two pit-building antlions
Authors: Ovadia Ofer , Scharf Inon , Barkae Erez David , Levi Tanya , Alcalay Yehonatan
Published: November 2019

Co-occurring species often compete with each other directly and indirectly. Intra-guild predation (IGP) is an extreme manifestation of direct competition, which involves the attack, killing and eating of potential competitors. We studied the competitive interactions between two pit-building antlion species that co-occur in the Israeli desert: Myrmeleon hyalinus residing in the more productive sandy soil, and Cueta lineosa solely inhabiting poorer loess soils. To understand the mechanisms driving C. lineosa away from the more productive habitat, we explored the factors triggering IGP of one antlion species on the other. We tested whether IGP is affected by soil type, depth and temperature. IGP was asymmetrical with M. hyalinus preying on C. lineosa, and it intensified as the size difference favoring the former increased. Interactive rather than additive effects governed IGP, which was lowest in sandy soil combined with low temperature, and highest in shallow loess soil. C. lineosa possesses a smaller head and thorax relative to its abdomen compared to M. hyalinus, providing a possible explanation for the advantage of M. hyalinus in direct competition. We then focused on the weaker competitor, C. lineosa, examining how it copes with competition induced by M. hyalinus. Both the growth and survival rates of C. lineosa declined in the presence of M. hyalinus. The asymmetrical IGP C. lineosa experiences from M. hyalinus combined with its competitive inferiority may explain why it is mostly found in poor habitats, while its intra-guild competitor is abundant in the more productive habitats.
The Structure of Baroclinic Modes in the Presence of Baroclinic Mean Flow
Authors: Brink K. H. , Pedlosky J.
Published: November 2019

This contribution seeks to understand the vertical structure of linearized quasigeostrophic baroclinic modes when they are modified by the presence of a baroclinic mean flow and associated potential vorticity gradients. It is found that even modest, O(0.05 m s−1), mean flows can give rise to very substantial changes in modal structures, often in the sense of increased surface intensification. The extent to which stable modes are modified depends strongly on the direction of Rossby wave propagation. Further, baroclinically unstable solutions can appear, and a meaningful inviscid critical-layer solution can occur at the transition to instability when the horizontal gradient of potential vorticity changes sign at some depth within the water column. In addition, the gravest, n = 0, vertical stable mode is no longer strictly barotropic, but rather it can carry density variability at frequencies much higher than those possible for baroclinic (higher) Rossby wave modes. This finding appears to be consistent with oceanic current-meter observations that suggest temperature variability propagation even when the frequency is too high for traditional baroclinic Rossby waves to exist.
Impact of a Pharmacist-Driven MRSA Nasal PCR Protocol on Pneumonia Therapy
Authors: Pham Selena N. , Sturm Abby C. , Jacoby Joshua S. , Egwuatu Nnaemeka E. , Dumkow Lisa E.
Published: November 2019

Background:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing can rapidly detect MRSA colonization via nasopharyngeal swab. With a high negative predictive value for MRSA pneumonia, this test may help minimize the duration of anti-MRSA therapy and associated adverse drug events. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-initiated MRSA nasal PCR protocol on pneumonia therapy. Methods: This retrospective, quasi-experimental study evaluated adult patients with pneumonia before and after the implementation of a pharmacist-initiated MRSA nasal PCR protocol. The primary outcome of this study was to compare duration of anti-MRSA therapy between the Pre-PCR group and PCR group. Secondary comparisons included duration of antipseudomonal therapy, time from intravenous (IV) to oral interchange, and clinical outcomes. Results: In total, 210 patients (Pre-PCR: n = 138, PCR: n = 72) were included. The MRSA nasal PCR result was negative for 63 patients (87.5%), and 56 (88.9%) vancomycin orders were discontinued within 24 hours of the negative result. The mean duration of vancomycin therapy was significantly shorter in the PCR group (2.5 vs 1.4 days, P < .001) as well as duration of IV therapy (5 vs 3.9 days, P = .003). There was no difference between groups in duration of antipseudomonal therapy ( P = .425), acute kidney injury (AKI; P = .332), 30-day readmission ( P = .137), or 30-day mortality ( P = .179). Conclusion and Relevance: A pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal PCR protocol significantly decreased the duration of anti-MRSA therapy and IV antibiotics in patients with pneumonia. These findings add to the relatively small body of literature supporting pharmacist-initiated rapid diagnostic testing and follow-up.
Physical and Chemical Stability of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate in Intravenous Admixtures Used to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Buga Ina , Uzoma Joy I. , Reindel Kristin , Rashid Kateryna , Diep Tuong , McCartan Pamela , Zhao Fang
Published: November 2019

Purpose: Dilute intravenous (IV) admixtures of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) are becoming increasingly used in antiemetic regimens to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Based on its chemical structure and previous studies, DSP is known to be susceptible to hydrolysis and oxidation under certain conditions. There are limited data to directly support the selection of IV diluents, storage conditions, and beyond-use dates for the dilute IV solutions of DSP used in the antiemetic regimens. This study was designed to investigate these parameters. Methods: A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was first developed for the analysis of DSP. Commercially available 100 mg/10 mL DSP injection vials were used to prepare the IV admixtures of DSP in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection. The final DSP concentrations were 0.08 or 0.4 mg/mL, which bracketed the range commonly used in antiemetic regimens. These admixtures were packaged in 50-mL polyvinylchloride (PVC) bags and stored at room temperature or under refrigeration for 14 days. Samples from each IV bag underwent visual, pH, and HPLC assessments on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14. Results: Immediately after preparation, the IV admixtures of DSP appeared clear, colorless, and free of particulate matters. The initial pH values were 6.4 to 6.8 and 7.0 to 7.8 for samples in 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% dextrose, respectively. The initial DSP concentrations of all samples were within 96% to 100% of the expected values. Over the 14 days of storage at room temperature or refrigeration, no significant change was observed for the visual appearance of any IV bags. The pH of all samples remained within one pH unit from the initial values. The HPLC results confirmed that all samples retained 94% to 100% of original drug concentrations and that no significant degradation products were observed. Conclusions: Intravenous admixtures of DSP at 0.08 to 0.4 mg/mL are compatible with 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% dextrose in PVC bags. These admixtures are also chemically and physically stable when stored at room temperature or under refrigeration for up to 14 days.
Black Names, Immigrant Names: Navigating Race and Ethnicity Through Personal Names
Authors: Girma Hewan
Published: November 2019

This article explores the naming patterns of a new African immigrant group in the United States to discuss the creative ways that Black immigrants navigate their racialized immigrant identities and their positioning vis-à-vis their ethnoracial compatriots, African Americans. I argue that the significant contention around Black names and immigrant names demonstrates that personal names are a subject worthy of in-depth investigation. Through the case study of the naming practices of first generations of Ethiopian-Americans, I examine the relevance Black immigrant parents attach to first names, their various connotations, and modes of immigrant incorporation into the dominant host society. I highlight the importance of race, ethnicity, and immigration status in naming.
The Relationship Between Resilience, Self-Efficacy, and Employment in People With Physical Disabilities
Authors: Ordway Anne R. , Johnson Kurt L. , Amtmann Dagmar , Bocell Fraser D. , Jensen Mark P. , Molton Ivan R.
Published: November 2019

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the importance of resilience and self-efficacy in explaining employment status for people with long-term physical disabilities when other sociodemographic and symptom variables were also examined. A multiple logistic regression with sequential predictor entry was used to predict employment status. Participants were individuals, 18 to 65 years of age, with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, post-polio syndrome, or spinal cord injury ( N = 882). Results indicated resilience but not self-efficacy was uniquely predictive of employment status. The combined effects of resilience and self-efficacy, however, did not significantly contribute to the variance in employment status above and beyond the sociodemographic and symptom variables. Other variables uniquely predictive of employment included education, age, marital status, disability benefits, and anxiety. We found in this study preliminary evidence to suggest that rehabilitation counseling practitioners should consider a client’s resilience with respect to employment. Knowledge of sociodemographic and symptom factors in conjunction with psychometrically sound measures of resilience and self-efficacy may be used to identify individuals with long-term physical disabilities whose beliefs and behaviors may limit the extent to which they prepare for, obtain, or maintain employment.
Online Parental Mediation: Associations of Family Members’ Characteristics to Individual Engagement in Active Mediation and Monitoring
Authors: Dedkova Lenka , Smahel David
Published: November 2019

This study focuses on two strategies for online parental mediation: active mediation (sharing and discussing activities with children) and monitoring (checking the children’s internet activity after use). Previous studies have shown the importance of respondents’ and children’s characteristics regarding mediation strategies. Using a socioecological model of parenting, this study also considers the characteristics of the other parent in the family. An online survey was conducted of Czech parents of children who are 5 to 17 years old. The results for active meditation show that respondents’ and partners’ characteristics (gender, internet skills, and ability to help children with online problems) play a role, while the children’s characteristics (age, gender and online activities) do not. A different pattern was found for monitoring: the children’s and the respondents’ characteristics predicted monitoring, but the partners’ characteristics did not. The study shows that the socioecological perspective can be effectively applied to online mediation.
Quantifying teaching behavior in robot learning from demonstration
Authors: Sena Aran , Howard Matthew
Published: November 2019

Learning from demonstration allows for rapid deployment of robot manipulators to a great many tasks, by relying on a person showing the robot what to do rather than programming it. While this approach provides many opportunities, measuring, evaluating, and improving the person’s teaching ability has remained largely unexplored in robot manipulation research. To this end, a model for learning from demonstration is presented here that incorporates the teacher’s understanding of, and influence on, the learner. The proposed model is used to clarify the teacher’s objectives during learning from demonstration, providing new views on how teaching failures and efficiency can be defined. The benefit of this approach is shown in two experiments ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively), which highlight the difficulty teachers have in providing effective demonstrations, and show how [Formula: see text]–180% improvement in teaching efficiency can be achieved through evaluation and feedback shaped by the proposed framework, relative to unguided teaching.
Assembling community economies
Authors: Turker Kaner Atakan , Murphy James T.
Published: November 2019

This article advances a framework for the study of community economies as assemblages constituted and shaped by three primary dynamics: relations, resources and constraints, and processes of stabilization and destabilization. Drawing on diverse and community economies scholarship, assemblage theory and actor-network theory, we develop a framework that will contribute significantly to understandings of the emergence of community economies and the strategies that make them more resilient and sustainable. The conceptual framework is illustrated through a case study from Turkey’s Kurdish region – a women’s cooperative that remained resilient in the face of armed conflict and political violence.