bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large Language Models as Molecular Design Engines
Authors: Bhattacharya Debjyoti , Cassady Harrison , Hickner Michael , Reinhart Wesley
Published: August 2024

The design of small molecules is crucial for technological applications ranging from drug discovery to energy storage. Due to the vast design space available to modern synthetic chemistry, the community has increasingly sought to use data-driven and machine learning approaches to navigate this space. Although generative machine learning methods have recently shown potential for computational molecular design, their use is hindered by complex training procedures, and they often fail to generate valid and unique molecules. In this context, pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as potential tools for molecular design, as they appear to be capable of creating and modifying molecules based on simple instructions provided through natural language prompts. In this work, we show that the Claude 3 Opus LLM can read, write, and modify molecules according to prompts, with an impressive 97% valid and unique molecules. By quantifying these modifications in a low-dimensional latent space, we systematically evaluate the model's behavior under different prompting conditions. Notably, the model is able to perform guided molecular generation when asked to manipulate the electronic structure of molecules using simple, natural-language prompts. Our findings highlight the potential of LLMs as powerful and versatile molecular design engines.
Mapping In Situ the Internal Structure and Dynamics of Supramolecular Homopolymers and Copolymers
Authors: Du Huachuan , Qiu Ruomeng , Lou Xianwen , Jansen Stef , Sai Hiroaki , Wang Yuyang , Markvoort Albert , Meijer E.W , Stupp Samuel
Published: August 2024

Supramolecular polymers are assemblies of monomers bonded non-covalently, thereby having potential to emulate the dynamic nature of biological ones such as those in the cytoskeleton, muscle, and extracellular matrices. Understanding the nature of dynamics in synthetic analogues of these assemblies is crucial to develop adaptive and functional biomaterials. Using three positively charged peptide amphiphiles, we introduce here a general base-titration methodology to systematically decrease electrostatic repulsion among monomers and probe in situ polymerization. In one-component systems, we demonstrate that weaker cohesive hydrogen bonding and stronger electrostatic repulsion enhance supramolecular dynamics and shift the assembly equilibrium from elongated polymers to spheroidal micelles. In binary systems, we find a tendency to form blocky copolymers but a reduced level of internal phase separation within the assembly is observed with less mismatch in peptide sequence. Well-mixed systems acquire different dynamics but interestingly mismatched ones retain their characteristic supramolecular motion as homopolymers. These findings provide strategies to tailor dynamics and internal structure in the assemblies of supramolecular materials, factors that can strongly impact on their useful functions.
Conformer-based Multiple-Instance Learning for Predicting Biodegradability Classification
Authors: Yim Qi Yao
Published: August 2024

In-silico methods are increasingly becoming reliable tools to replicate and extend from experimental findings of chemical biodegradability. Information derived from quantitative activity-structure relationships (QSARs) have the potential to have rules extracted that can aid the understanding of biodegradation. Using semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations, the use of a conformer-based augmentation approach, along with dimensionality reduction methods, was studied in the context of achieving improved model accuracy and applicability. This work highlights molecular features, from graph-based features, 3-dimensional structural descriptors, to direct graph-based learning methods, that can be used to distinguish readily biodegradable compounds, and the role of unsupervised pre-processing in refining the training set and choice of features.
The Internal and External Determinants of Financial Performance: Evidence from Islamic and Conventional Banking Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Nazeer Rida , Saleem Faiza , Din Shahab ud
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study set out to investigate the effects of both external and internal factors on financial performance (FIP) in Pakistan's banking industry, with an emphasis on comparing the conventional and Islamic banking sectors. Data and Methodology: The sample of this study includes five leading Pakistani conventional banks and five Islamic banks. The study applied the OLS, fixed effect, or random effect model along with some pre-requisite diagnostic tests like descriptive statistics, correlation, and the Hausman test. Findings: The study's findings show that, whilst asset management, bank size, and liquidity have a positive and substantial association with the ROE of Islamic banks, liquidity and asset management have a positive link with the ROE of conventional banks. Furthermore, a positive and significant link was found between running Mushārakah and ROE, while a negative and significant relationship was found between diminishing Mushārakah and ROE. Significance: This study examines internal and external factors affecting the performance of top conventional and Islamic banks in Pakistan from 2016-2022, providing crucial insights into the effectiveness of Islamic banking for economic stability and progress. Implications: Policymakers, investors, and students of Islamic banking and finance, as well as the conventional and Islamic financial sectors, may all benefit from this research.
Desenvolvimento desigual e combinado: a reestruturação produtiva neoliberal na indústria automobilística do México
Authors: Messias Bastos José , Sandri Coelho João Vitor
Published: August 2024

Através de uma leitura dialética da realidade e de sua indissociabilidade entre o universal e o particular, busca-se interpretar a estruturação da indústria automobilística no México a partir de sua inserção no movimento global de reestruturação neoliberal, que se hegemonizou no mundo sobretudo a partir da década de 1980. Para tanto, utilizou-se como fundamentação teórico-metodológica o paradigma interpretativo de formação socioespacial, enquanto instrumental analítico do processo histórico de desenvolvimento desigual e combinado do capitalismo no país. Os principais resultados apontam para um desenvolvimento geograficamente desigual em que as indústrias deste setor se concentraram nas regiões setentrionais do país, próximas à fronteira norte, com forte participação de capital estadunidense em sua estruturação. Bem como surge um polo automobilístico em Ciudad Juárez responsável, dentre outras coisas, pela instalação do primeiro centro de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de autopeças de todo o país.
Processo erosivo na área urbana de São Bento, Conde-Paraíba: suscetibilidade de colapso de edificações e vulnerabilidade socioambiental
Authors: Rodrigues Rosa Conrad , Felix do Nascimento Dmitri , Stael da Silva Costa Talita , Duarte Lopes Yuri , Tavares Brasileiro Flávio
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o processo de urbanização em uma área de ocupação de área pública e com forte potencial erosivo, na localidade São Bento, Conde, Paraíba. A suscetibilidade de colapso de imóveis ante o processo erosivo vem ocorrendo com intensidade, daí a premência de se elaborar um plano de manejo com vistas à vulnerabilidade. Nesse sentido, foram propostas medidas mitigadoras de contenção e recuperação da área, estabelecendo-se critérios para auxílio à elaboração de uma política pública para organização fundiária e gestão do espaço urbano. A abordagem metodológica se seu a partir de modelos e métodos de avaliação, análise e conservação do solo. Infere-se sobre os mecanismos de contenção ou recuperação da área degradada, propondo que seja visto com urgência a situação das edificações e famílias diretamente próximas a borda da ravina.
Tradução intersemiótica e adaptação de narrativas populares em Hoje é dia de Maria
Authors: Marcelino João Gabriel Carvalho , Branco Sinara de Oliveira , Amorim José Edilson de
Published: August 2024

Este artigo propõe analisar a adaptação de narrativas populares em Hoje é dia de Maria (2005), a partir da tradução intersemiótica, do roteiro elaborado para a produção teatral e da microssérie adaptada para a televisão. O artigo está fundamentado em teorias dos Estudos da Tradução, da Tradução Intersemiótica e da Teoria da Adaptação, recorrendo aos estudos de Jakobson (2004), Hutcheon (2013) e Plaza (2013), mais especificamente. Em termos metodológicos, após a seleção de cenas da microssérie e de trechos do roteiro, realiza-se um estudo descritivo sobre as narrativas originais e as subsequentes adaptação e tradução intersemiótica para a microssérie. Os resultados mostram que as narrativas populares presentes em Hoje é dia de Maria sofrem adaptação de tipo textual para interligarem-se na construção do roteiro, que gira no entorno de Maria. Juntamente a esse processo, a tradução intersemiótica recodifica o texto verbal do roteiro no meio semiótico audiovisual da televisão, combinando as linguagens verbal e não verbal disponíveis para constituir a microssérie baseada na cultura popular.
Representation of women in Buya Hamka's novel by A. Fuadi
Authors: Khaerunnisa Khaerunnisa , Mutiarani Mutiarani , Devi Wika Soviana , Arumdapta Rananda , Nuryani Rina
Published: August 2024

A Literary works and social realities that occur in the social environment of society are inseparably linked. The conflicts raised can be in the form of problems experienced in everyday life. One of the conflicts that often occurs and is discussed in a literary work is about feminism. This research aims to find the image of women in Siti Raham contained in the novel Buya Hamka by A. Faudi. The figure of Siti Raham who is the wife of Buya Hamka is the subject of discussion in this study. The research method used is a qualitative method that is descriptive of the observed object. The data source used in this research is the novel Buya Hamka by A. Faudi. The feminist approach is used to analyze the image of female characters based on the physical, psychological, and social aspects of the story. The results of this research show that from various categories, it can be concluded that Siti Raham is a great woman and is successful as a child, wife, mother and in the social environment of society. She was able to raise 10 children, even when her husband was away from them.
The Purposes of Tasybih Used in The Novel Sununuwati Kabul by Yasmina Khadra (Rhetoric Analysis)
Authors: Rahmi Hafizatur , Permatasari Dwi Nanda
Published: August 2024

Balaghah Anaylis has a fundamental goal namely, to convey the beauty of the grammar of language conveyed by the author in prose to convey the intended purpose to the readers especially in the novel Sununuwati Kabul by Yasmina Khadra. The author of the novel Sununuwati Kabul uses the tasybih language style to convey ideas and goals. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative type of research in which this study was more of a description or explanation of existing data for the research method, the researcher used the descriptive analysis method. This method is done by explaining or describing the data, followed by analyzing the data using a predetermined theory. As for the data collection technique، the researcher uses the library research method or library research to explain the data in this study. The results of this study are that there are 65 data on tasybih language styles in the novel Sununuwati Kabul by Yasmina Khadra، agrodu wa fawaidut tasybih by Yasmina Khadra، there are five types namely explaining the state of musyabbah explaining the size of the state of musyabbah determining the state of musyabbah decorating the musyabbah and vilifying the musyabbah.
Critical Study of Ambiguity and Distortion of Meaning (Study of Surah al-Baqarah)
Authors: Septianti Alya Putri , Nurmala Ita , Kurniawan Muhammad Ariiq , Susiawati Wati
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the ambiguity and distortion of meaning contained in Surah al-Baqarah. In semantic studies, ambiguity or vagueness of meaning can be caused by several things, including the general nature of words or sentences, which are never one hundred percent homogeneous. Meanwhile, distortion occurs due to a lack of knowledge or the actions of any individuals who want to understand the verse according to their wishes and want to stimulate other people to deviate from understanding the meaning of the verse of the Qur’an.  It is hoped that this article will minimize errors in understanding the meaning of the verses of the Qur’an. This prompted the author to research the ambiguity and distortion of the meaning of the verses of Surah al-Baqarah. Using qualitative descriptive methods, researchers systematically describe the ambiguity and distortion of the meaning of verses. In the article, it was found that three verses of Surah al-Baqarah contained ambiguity in meaning, namely 220,223, and 228, and five verses of Surah al-Baqarah contained distortions of meaning, namely 190-193,255.
Enhanced disease detection through image fusion in solanum tuberosum l.
Authors: Hemalatha T. , Piramu Kailasam S.
Published: August 2024

Disease detection in agricultural crops, such as Solanum tuberosum L. (potato), is of utmost importance to ensure crop health and maximize yield. Traditional methods for disease detection in potatoes rely on manual inspection, which can be time-consuming and prone to human error. Image processing and machine learning techniques have shown promise in automating disease detection processes. This study proposes a novel approach for disease detection in Solanum tuberosum L. by leveraging image fusion techniques. The proposed method involves the fusion of multiple images of potato plants, acquired using different sensors or imaging modalities, to create a comprehensive and informative representation of the crop. Image fusion methods, such as discrete wavelet transform and continuous wavelet transform, are employed to combine the spectral and spatial information from the images effectively. The different image fusion rule is applied to the input images and resultant fused images, where relevant features are extracted to distinguish between healthy and diseased potato plants. The training dataset comprises diverse samples of both healthy and diseased potato plants, captured under various environmental conditions and disease stages. The performance of the proposed disease detection system is evaluated using standard metrics such as entropy. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the image fusion approach in accurately identifying diseased potato plants, achieving high detection accuracy and generalization capabilities. The potential benefits of this paper include providing farmers and agricultural experts with an efficient and reliable tool for early disease detection in potato crops. Early detection can lead to timely intervention, minimizing crop losses and optimizing agricultural practices. The proposed methodology also lays the groundwork for future research in using advanced image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms for disease detection in other agricultural crops, contributing to the overall improvement of crop management and food security.
ROLE OF NEUROMARKETING IN UNDERSTANDING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A LITERATURE OVERVIEW
Authors: Yudhi Prasetya Mada
Published: August 2024

Neuromarketing has been widely used to measure consumer behavior through several stimulation, including logo colors of a brand. Neuromarketing is applied using electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis to the human brain's respons. This article explores the emerging field of neuromarketing and its potential impact on consumer buying behaviour. Neuromarketing combines neuroscience, psychology, and marketing to better understand consumer decision-making processes. The article discusses the various techniques used in neuromarketing research, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and eye-tracking, and the insights they provide into the subconscious factors that influence consumer behaviour. The article also discusses the ethical concerns surrounding neuromarketing, particularly regarding the manipulation of consumer behaviour. Overall, the article suggests that neuromarketing has the potential to revolutionize the way marketers understand and influence consumer behaviour. Neuromarketing has the potential to revolutionize the way businesses understand and engage with consumers. By providing insights into the emotional and psychological factors that influence purchasing decisions, businesses can create more effective marketing campaigns that resonate with consumers on a deeper level. However, it is essential to balance these benefits with ethical considerations and ensure that consumers' privacy is protected.
O ESTADO DIGITAL DE TUVALU: A fusão do mundo físico e virtual é capaz de manter a existência de um Estado diante das mudanças climáticas?
Authors: Ruenreang Victória Alves
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o Estado digital de Tuvalu. Um tema novo, que traz desafios jurídicos e ambientais para a comunidade global. Diante do iminente desaparecimento do seu território, em decorrência do aumento do nível e da temperatura média dos oceanos, Tuvalu busca meios alternativos para continuar existindo. Já que combater a origem do problema, por meio da redução das emissões dos gases do efeito estufa, depende de uma ação coletiva e não de um único Estado. A pesquisa pretende analisar a solução alternativa adotada por este pequeno país insular do Pacifico, que busca manter viva a sua cultura e o seu status internacional como Estado. Ao trazer questionamentos jurídicos sobre o assunto e identificar os possíveis benefícios e insuficiências, jurídicas e ambientais, desta resolução. A metodologia empregada foi o hipotético-dedutivo e a pesquisa bibliográfica. A conclusão obtida é que com o auxílio do Metaverso, como uma solução alternativa para manter a existência de um Estado diante dos danos causados pelas mudanças climáticas. Os desafios jurídicos, mesmo não sendo simples, são sanáveis. Por outro lado, um Estado digital não soluciona a questão ambiental. O planeta é insubstituível. Para um Estado existir juridicamente é imprescindível um meio ambiente saudável primeiro, que pode ter auxilio da tecnologia para o seu desenvolvimento sustentável. Ao invés de ser transformado por esta em um ente virtual.
MUTAÇÃO DA SOBERANIA NACIONAL EM RELAÇÃO À FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Silva Filho Erivaldo Cavalcanti e , Amorim Júnior Geraldo Uchôa de , Pivetta Diana Sales
Published: August 2024

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi discutir acerca das interferências estrangeiras no território nacional, especialmente relacionadas à Floresta Amazônica, verificando se, nesta rede de relações compartilhadas, haveria uma quebra ou mutação da soberania nacional, quanto à capacidade de plena disposição dos recursos naturais brasileiros. Embasando-se nos ensinamentos de Manuel Castells, almejou-se compreender o sentido de soberania do Estado-nação e como, influenciado pela vigilância constante e imediata proporcionada por meios tecnológicos, houve uma modificação de suas características clássicas de poder absoluto sobre um determinado espaço. Citando também o que prevê a Carta Magna em relação à soberania, sendo um princípio constitucional e cada Estado possuindo respectivas autonomias em seu território, ou seja, não devendo influenciar sobre outros países, a não ser que seja de extrema importância para a dignidade da pessoa humana. A metodologia aplicada foi o método dedutivo; quanto aos meios de pesquisa, utilizou-se o bibliográfico, com uso da doutrina delimitada ao tema, da legislação e da jurisprudência sobre o assunto; no tocante aos fins, a pesquisa compreende-se como qualitativa.
Restoring Taranaki Maunga: 'Religion' and Conservation in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors:   , Richards Michaela
Published: August 2024

This thesis analyses the relationships between religion and conservation in contemporary Aotearoa New Zealand. I argue that spiritual and religious dynamics are profoundly influential for conservation. The thesis pays attention to the interactions of religion, spirituality, sacrality, experiences of awe, and secular reimaginings, recognising these as vital for understanding how conservation is conceived and practised. Drawing on qualitative and ethnographic fieldwork on Taranaki Maunga, a prominent charismatic mountain, I show just how salient conversations about religion, understood expansively, remain in this post-colonial and increasingly post-Christian country. Using both established and innovative frameworks in the field of Religious Studies – including lived religion, reverential naturalism, and concepts of sacrality – this thesis investigates the religious practices of people who disavow religion. I trace the emerging contours of spiritualities of the land which are significantly reshaping both Indigenous Māori and Pākehā/European identities. A crucial dynamic within this are ongoing negotiations over bicultural politics, which bring Māori spiritualities and sacralisations into conversation with a broader array of conservation actors, including government entities and conservation volunteers. I argue that attention to these spiritually charged conservation practices provide valuable insight into how connections to the land inform conservation, and, concurrently, how conservation practices influence nascent forms of spirituality.
Discussion on the Purposes of Literary Education in Contemporary China
Authors: Dai Yinglin
Published: August 2024

The purposes of education, both immediate and in the future, are an issue to be pondered. A number of scholars have responded that education has different aims, including the cultivation of citizenship, a flourishing life, and powerful knowledge. This paper aims to explore whether these different general goals accurately fit literary education and attest to them in the form of questions. Under each section, the paper begins by outlining the theoretical analysis and proceeds to present the author’s judgment and reflections based on experiences related to the context of contemporary China.
The Application of Knowledge Management (KM) by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME) in Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Yin Dunrui , Ooi Chin Lye
Published: August 2024

To accelerate the digital transformation of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs), this study delves into the primary challenges encountered in adopting knowledge management (KM) within these organizations and identifies the essential methods for successful implementation. The objective is to provide practical recommendations for the effective adoption of KM. This research suggests that enterprises should promote knowledge management through three key approaches: enhancing employees’ cognitive understanding, standardizing knowledge systems, and tailoring business scenarios to meet diverse needs. These findings offer valuable insights into the digital transformation of SMEs in the manufacturing sector, ultimately helping these businesses to remain competitive and innovative in a rapidly changing market. By addressing the specific needs and challenges faced by SMEs, this study aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how knowledge management can be leveraged to drive digital transformation and improve overall business performance.
Efektivitas Jenis Pelarut dan Metode Ekstraksi dari Daun Talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Schoot)
Authors: Sulistiani Ria Purnawian , Isworo Joko Teguh
Published: August 2024

Taro leaves (Colocasia esculenta L. Schoot) are widely used as vegetables and herbal medicines. In proving taro leaves as herbal medicine, taro leaves are changed in the form ofextract preparations. The choice of extraction method will affect the results of flavonoid levelsand antioxidant activity. Extraction methods that are widely used to extract taro leaves aremaceration and soxhletation. Maceration extraction method, the sample was immersed in 1000ml of ethanol and 1000 ml of n-hexane for 3 x 24 hours. Every 24 hours replaced with a newsolvent. Extracts were made by soxhletation method using ethanol as solvent and the other usingn-hexane as solvent. The material that has been submerged in petroleum ether is wrapped infilter paper and then tied with thread. Then it is put into the socket extractor. Furthermore, theflavonoid and antioxidant levels were tested. The highest flavonoid content in taro leaves wasobtained by maceration method with ethanol solvent, as much as 12.836 mg QE/g. The highestantioxidant activity was 91.812% by maceration method and n-hexane solvent. The macerationmethod with n-hexane solvent can obtain taro leaf extract which has high antioxidant activity. Kata Kunci—Antioksidan, Colocasia esculenta, Ekstraksi, Flavonoid, Pelarut
Identifikasi Kandungan Senyawa Bioaktif Buah Kapulaga (Amomum compactum)
Authors: Tarigan Andesmeta , Saragih Horasdia
Published: August 2024

Traditionally, cardamom seed has been widely used by the community as herbal medicine. Cardamom seed has been phenomenologically proven to cure several types of diseases. This property is determined by the type of compounds contained in cardamon seed. The purpose of this research isidentification of the types of bioactive compounds contained in cardamom seed. These bioactive compounds are extracted using solvents: ethanol, methanol and water. Then, these bioactive compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. The results obtained indicated that there were 13 types of compounds produced from ethanol extract, 6 types of compounds from methanol extract, and 2 types of compounds from aqueous extracts. From all these compounds, 1,8-cineole and alpha-terpineol compounds are the two most dominantsequentially. Referring to these results and the literature search that has been done, cardamom seed is potential to be developed in the future as herbal medicine to treat diseases, such as: diarrhea, cardiovascular disease, digestive disease, Alzheimer's, tumors, inflammation, cancer, pneumonia, neurodegenerative and respiratory diseases.Keywords : Compound identification, extract, cardamom seed, cineole, terpineol.
Analisis Kadar Antosianin Uwi Ungu berdasarkan Metode Pengolahan Pengukusan, Perebusan dan Pemprestoan
Authors: Sunarti - , Utami Listiatie Budi , Bintanah Sufiati , Wardana Agung Setya , Marfuah Dewi
Published: August 2024

Background : Anthocyanins are plant pigments that can be used as antioxidants. Generally orange, red, purple, blue. Purple yam is plant that contains a lot of anthocyanins. The processing process can cause damage to anthocyanins because anthocianins are compounds that are less stable. This research will examine the anthocyanin content in several cooking methods. The results of this study can used as a recommendation for the safest cooking methods. The results of this study can be used as a recommendation for the safest cooking method to minimize damage to purple yam.  Methods: The method used in this study was experimental by deviding the purple yam in 3 treatments namely steaming, boiling and presto. Anthocyanin levels were measured after treatment and analyzed.  Results : The highest anthocyanin content was found in purple yam with a steaming process, namely 117.99 ppm ± 1.75 SD. In boiling, the anthocyanin levels were 107.20 ppm ± 2.55 SD, and presto 106.13 ppm ±2.89 SD. Conclusion: The highest anthocyanin levels were obtained in the steaming process. Key word : Anthocyanin, Steaming, purple yam.
Coalition Army humanitarian assistance for the refugees from South Kurdistan on the Turkish border in 1991.
Authors: Majed Mohmmad Saman , Abdullah Hama Karim Hersh
Published: August 2024

This study illustrates the amount and significant types of humanitarian assistance, which provided by the coalition forces to the displaced people from South Kurdistan on the Turkish-Iraqi border in 1991. The coalition forces arrived directly to help displaced people because they were around in the area. However, they provided the most necessary emergency supplies because they were capable to deliver hundreds of tons of humanitarian aid and basic necessities of life. Since they had the necessary equipment to carry out emergency supplies to distribute to displaced people in the Turkish-Iraqi border, especially dropping such emergency supplies by plane.
The confirmation and adopted of Resolution 688 by the United Nations Security Council led to receive influx of humanitarian aid to the displaced people. The Western countries with the help of US, after confirmed the Resolution 688, played a major role in the making of no-fly zones above latitude (36) in the north ,and the making a peace zone (Safe haven,)in parts of Iraqi Kurdistan. Therefore, the coalition forces could easily deliver this humanitarian aid assistance to people in need and protect them from the repression of the Iraqi government. Later, the coalition forces built several (temporary) settlement camps near the city of Zakho in order to return the displaced people to the peace zone area. They provided humanitarian needs such as food, water and health for the displaced people in the center of these camps. Moreover, they rebuilt many service facilities along the ceasefire zone, saving thousands of lives and returning refugees to their homes.
The effect of Translated Film Cartoons in Increasing Educational Values on Children of Kindergartens from the vision of their parents
Authors: jamal hussain Karzan , Shareef Qarachatani Kareem , Mohamed   Hassan Karwan
Published: August 2024

The objective of this research is to decide how translated film cartoons affects in increasing educational values on children of kindergartens from the vision of their parents. Moreover, to realize how these film cartoons have an effect on children within the determination of the level of their efficacy according to the difference in (gender and type of their kindergartens), then the identification of consequential positive and negative aspects of these translated film cartoons on children. The author used qualitative analysis within a survey and questionnaire forms as a tool for this survey which were filled out by the parents of children of kindergartens inside the Sulaimani city, the researcher used systematic random sampling for the questionnaire within 350 parents. Eventually this study proved that translated film cartoons have effects in an educational value of children from kindergartens, however it confirmed that the difference in gender and type of kindergartens have not any roles in the efficacy of translated film cartoons on children of kindergarten according to their parent’s point of view, hence the efficacies either on male and female children also children from private and public kindergartens are the same. Beside this, according to the results the most important superb values which children will learn from translated film cartoons are about (health, hygiene and esteem), however the most harmful behaviors that children will take from these film cartoons are the behaviors of (insulting, cursing and lying).
Geodemographics and population distribution of Garmian administration
Authors: Mahdi Karim Mohammed , Tofiq Talib Jaza
Published: August 2024

This research; It study the population reality (population change and distribution) in the Garmian administration. The data of population were taken from censuses (1977, 1987), estimates (2002), agricultural survey of (2012), and the researchers' own surveys were taken for all Human Settlements of Garmian administration in 2022, so that all changes and distribution are made according to dimensions (temporal and spatial) in order to interpret and analyze them scientifically and objectively. Since the location of the study area is of great geopolitical importance. becouse of those political and demographic processes of the last century. approach of study is (quantitative method) and methood of (Descriptive-analytical). the transformed population; During the study, there was a significant change in size, from 86,910 people in 1977 to 327,071 071 people in 2022, an absolute change of 240,161 people. Even their distribution characteristics have generally taken a negative direction. The balance of environmental, spatial and numerical distributions has been completely disrupted. The important results of the study is that the administrative authorities of Garmian and Sulaimani provinces can feel the dangers of deteriorating population distribution and put limits on the negative directions and plan to restore the population balance.
Music Arrangement in Kurdish songs in Suleimani
Authors: Kamal Dilshad Rawand , Shakir Zalzala Ehsan , Mustafa Rahim Dilshad
Published: August 2024

Performed music is an important and unique part of the world's music center and its different situations are analyzed through several scientific theories. The Kurdish Music Center has its own efforts in the field of composing and distributing music and can be classified into different categories and by resorting to these scientific principles can be treated scientifically.
Since the beginning of its establishment, Sulaymaniyah has been a city full of artistic products and various innovations. Therefore, working on this entity is an important task of scientific research and excavating the history of this invention requires more scientific research, especially since the state of scientific research in the field of music and analysis of production situations is not at the necessary level.
This research is an examination of the musical works that have been distributed in the city of Suleimani. It also classifies and distinguishes works in terms of stage and style. Along with these is the analysis of each of the songs sampled by the researcher in terms of form, harmony, distribution of words and use of musical instruments
Violence as a Coercive Tool to Establish State Control in Harold Pinter’s One for the Road
Authors: Dlshad Mohammed Amin Lona , Zainalddin Muhammed Rebwar
Published: August 2024

After Harold Pinter became a member of PEN and Amnesty International in the early 1980s, he grew interested in global politics and started to openly speak up against human rights violations present in several countries of the world. Then, in 1984, he published One for the Road, which is considered his first overtly political play. Taking place in an unnamed country and historical period to preserve its universality, the play portrays the torture and violence practised by totalitarian regimes against political dissidents. This study examines the use of various forms of violence in the text and analyses their role as the means to establish state control over nonconforming individuals, break their will and coerce them into submission. For this purpose, a socio-political approach is used by employing the Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung’s theory on violence. The detailed analysis of the play reveals that tyrannical systems dehumanise and debase noncomplying citizens using political ideology as an excuse so that imprisoning and torturing them becomes justifiable.
The Kurdish Translation of English Collocations in Shakespeare’s the Tempest
Authors: Muhemmed Rasul Nazanin , Ali Wali Hussein
Published: August 2024

Collocations have always been an area of interest for linguists. They study this phenomenon in both translation and language dimensions. The way of using collocations in a source text and the way of translating them are important keys to indicate a text’s linguistic, stylistic and cultural features. It is beyond doubt that collocations are essential word combinations that enhance the pragmatic appeal of a text. More specifically, literary authors use collocations to make the language of their literary works more figurative. Therefore, translators need to be careful enough during their translation process in order to preserve the uniqueness of a language. The present article aims to study those English collocations in literary texts that are translated into Kurdish. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher takes account of William Shakespeare’s famous play (The Tempest) that is translated into Kurdish by Dr.Azad Hama Sharif who is a famous Kurdish translator. For the same purpose 59 collocations that are used in that literary work are chosen to be the data of the study. Then the selected collocations are classified according to the strategies that are used to translate them. Moreover, the frequency of using each strategy is also presented. The article explores an explicit analysis of translating those collocations from the source into the target language by using Vinay and Darblen’s model of translation. It also delineates that claque is the most used translation strategy and modulation is the least used strategy.
The ingredients for spreading tourism culture
Authors: Karim Khader Hataw , Muhammad Hassan Darbaz
Published: August 2024

The importance of spreading tourism components lies in identifying these tourism structures and trying to use them. This is to raise the cultural level of the population towards tourism culture and raise the level of tourism culture in a way that treats tourists properly without distorting the culture of the host country. The aim of this study is to identify the factors for the Spreading the elements of tourism and defining society is crucial for building a tourism industry in developing nations, which is seen as a valuable economic resource. The research has two sides: theoretical and operational, and the descriptive analytical approach was applied. Theoretically, reference was made to numerous publications and academic theses that had been written specifically to the factors contributing to the rise of tourist culture. Regarding the operational element, a questionnaire was created and given to a random sample of guests in both these hotels and tourist areas. To gauge the questionnaire's stability, Cronbach's alpha was used. The study questionnaire was next examined for the presence of internal stability (credibility), which demonstrates the degree of coherence or correlation between the questionnaire's paragraphs. In order to determine whether the study's assumptions of which indicates that (there is an importance of the components in spreading the tourism culture) and another of which argues that (there is a statistically significant relationship between the components and the tourism culture). The research produced a number of recommendations and conclusions, the most significant of which was that the desire to promote tourism awareness and culture is one of the prerequisites for the development of tourism infrastructure because it is practically impossible to discuss the growth of the tourism industry without a high level of public awareness of the industry. The creation of a national center or institute for the dissemination of tourism culture, which develops educational programs and studies for the community, workers, and those involved in the tourism sector, is one of the most crucial recommendations. This will help everyone, especially the residents of Sulaymaniyah governorate, understand the significance of tourism culture.
A comparative study between the two vertical jump tests of stability and the platform jumping device in measuring the explosive power of the two legs in female volleyball players
Authors: Sadradeen hameed Emad , Qadir hama rash Muhamad
Published: August 2024

The research aims to:
- To identify the differences between the two tests of the vertical jump of stability and the platform of the jumping platform in measuring the explosive power of the two legs of the female volleyball players.
- Identifying the relationship between the two vertical jump tests of stability and the platform jumping device in measuring the explosive power of the two legs in female volleyball players.
As for the research hypothesis:-
-There are statistically significant differences between the standing vertical jump tests and the jumping platform device in measuring the explosive power of the legs in female volleyball players.
- There is a significant correlation between the two standing vertical jump tests and the jumping platform device in measuring the explosive strength of the legs in female volleyball players.
The research community was determined by the intentional method of the players of the first degree of volleyball in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq.The research sample was determined by the random method from the research community, which consisted of players from these clubs (Hajiaoa, Rania, and Tactac,koya University Team) which in total were 37 players, One female player was excluded from the Hajiao Club due to not attending the test day, and (6) female players from the Koya University team were excluded because of their participation in the reconnaissance experiment. Thus, the size of the final sample reached 30 players out of 30 players, with a rate of 81.01%. The researchers used the descriptive approach in a comparative study method. And the correlations, and after obtaining the results, they were discussed in a scientific manner supported by the sources to achieve the research goals. In light of the research results, the researchers reached the following Conclusions:
- There is a correlation between the springboard mat test and the standing vertical jump test in their measurement of the explosive strength of the legs in female volleyball players.
- There are differences between the springboard mat test and the vertical stability jump test in their measurement of the explosive power of the legs in female volleyball players, and in favor of the springboard mat test.
Measuring self- awareness among university youth in Erbil- Governorate
Authors: Saddiq Aljabari Muhamad , Jaafar Hussein Srwa
Published: August 2024

Research Aims:-
The researcher pursues the following aims in this research:-
First: Constructing a measure of self-awareness among university youth
Second: - Measuring self-awareness among university youth.
Third: Finding out the statistical differences in the level of self-awareness among university youth according to the variable:
1.Gender (male-female) 2- specialization( scientific- humanty)3- Stage( second- fourth)
 The population of the current research consists of Salahaddin University students for the academic year (2017-2018)، for the imperturbability of the research sample and to measure the variable (self-awareness) the researchers have chosen the random sample method (716) male and female students for their research to.، and the criteria consisted of (46) items، and the researchers elicited the apparent validity of the measuring and did not delete any paragraph from the criteria، therefore they take out the discriminatory power of the paragraphs. The researchers relied on the retest method to calculate the stability of the self-awareness scale، as the value of the stability coefficient in self-awareness was (0.89). The researchers reached the following results:

Constructing a scale to measure self-awareness among university youth consisting of (46) items in the form of declarative statements with appropriate psychometric characteristics.
University youth in Erbil governorate center have a high level of self-awareness.
There are no statistically significant differences in self-awareness among university youth، depending on the gender variable (male، female).

4-There are no statistically significant differences in self-awareness among university youth، according to the variable of specialization (scientific، humanity).
5-There are statistically significant differences of self-awareness in college youth in both stages (second-fourth) in favor of fourth stage.
Under the spotlight of the results، the researcher came up with some conclusions، recommendations and suggestion.
The role of verbs in sentence depth
Authors: Ahmad Hussain Azad , Khald Abdalla Aziz
Published: August 2024

The research is devoted to investigate Sulaimani Central Kurdish dialect. The focus of the research is on Syntax and it is related to language meaning, because there is an overlap between Syntax and Semantics, the structure of Sentence has two sides, (Form and meaning), and verb as a main element of the Sentence plays a major role in sentence structuring.
  The importance of this study is rely on the previous studies, some aspects of Kurdish Syntax have been applied to the branches of (GB) theories. This study is the use of another powerful aspect and connected theories to Kurdish Syntax that is the role and power of verb in Kurdish Syntax. At this level it is the division of meaning. Which gives Semantic roles to other phrases in the Sentence. Another side of verb role is demanding the necessary phrases, because they are used up to the verb demand. In other words, verb dominates both Syntactic and Semantic aspects of the sentence.
Negotiation and agreement between the Umayyad state and the Ahlul Bayt( Alawites) and their supporters
Authors: Abdulla Muhammad Hassan
Published: August 2024

The name of(Umayyad)comes after the name of their father whose name was"Uayya bin Add shams bin Adbukmanaf.Ma'away bin Abi Sufyan bin Harb this known as the first calipher of Umayyad. According to most of the sources، after Hassan bin Ali's resigned from caliphate،and they made an agreement in 661 Ac/41 H which is known as "A'am Al-jama'a"، Ma'away became the first caliph of Umayyad. Nearly most of the domestic issues had been finished. this kind of agreement had become a tradition among all other Umayyad caliphs that they tried to make such agreement with the family of( A'alawyyah) in order to confirm their rule beside coming to power inherently instead of through consulting system. Therefore Yzid bin Ma'away tried hard to deal with Hussein bin Ali because he thought that his rule will not be more stable and legal until getting Hussein's support.
When Abdulmalik bin Marwan became a caliph in Sham inherently while he had a serious struggle with Abdulla bin Zuber، caliph of Hijaz. For the sake of the confirmation and trust of his rule، he tried to make a deal with Muhammed Hanifa bin Ali، and they confirm his rule after the murder of Bin Zuber.
Subversive acts and political assassinations inside Kuwait (1983-1988)
Authors: Abdulla Saeed Fawzeya , Muhammad Saleem Salah
Published: August 2024

The Iran-Iraq war began in 1980 and lasted for eight years, and there were many reasons behind that war, but the most important of them is Iran’s attempt to export its Islamic Shiite revolution to Iraq and then to other Gulf countries, and this was a reason for these countries, especially Kuwait, to provide material support logistical, media, etc., to Iraq during the war period, and that cost Kuwait a lot, as it was exposed during the war years, especially during the period (1983-1985), to a lot of sabotage and political assassinations, the most dangerous of which was the explosions in the American embassy and the French embassy in 1983 In addition to that, the attempt to assassinate its Emir, Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, in 1985.
Dialogue scenes and their dimensions in the novel of "Bab Al-Sama' Hotel" by Burhan Shawi
Authors: Ibrahim Faqi Saleh Abdullah
Published: August 2024

A dialogue scene in a novel gains a great and effective importance to clarify the human’s psychological needs and instincts. It is the most vital narrative means that the novelist uses to express his/her visions, thought and perspectives through the main and marginal and marginal characters in his/her novel. In this study, it is intended to combine these scenes and their dimensions as an effective method to understand and explore the human psyche through the dialogues of the characters. This may enable the reader to clearly visualize what was going on in Iraqi society during the last decade of the twentieth century and the beginnings of the twenty-first century in light of the accumulated overlap between art and reality in man’s everyday life. Additionally, this study attempts to approach these dimensions in the introduction and four sections distributed among the social, psychological, political, philosophical, appended to the most prominent findings.