bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normierung der deutschen Fassung der Highly Sensitive Person Scale
(HSPS-G) – Selbstbeurteilungsskala an einer deutschsprachigen
Stichprobe
Authors: Herzberg Philipp Yorck , Fricke Kai R. , Konrad Sandra
Published: September 2021

Problem Die deutsche Fassung der Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS-G)
ist ein Verfahren zur Feststellung der Ausprägung des Merkmals
Feinfühligkeit. Diese Skala wurde bisher in der deutschen Fassung
validiert (Konrad & Herzberg, 2017), eine Normierung für die
deutschsprachige Allgemeinbevölkerung steht allerdings noch aus.

Methode Zur Erstellung von Normwerten der Skala für die
Allgemeinbevölkerung wurden N=7458 Personen (n=6251
Frauen, n=1207 Männer) im Alter von 14–80 Jahren
(MW=37.80, SD=11.75) im deutschsprachigen Raum (Deutschland,
Österreich, Schweiz) online befragt.

Ergebnisse Die Varianzanalyse zeigte höhere Werte für
Frauen, so dass geschlechtsspezifische Normen notwendig sind. Daher werden
geschlechtsspezifische Normwerte für die Subskalen der HSPS-G als auch
für den HSPS-G-Gesamtscore bereitgestellt. Mit diesen
Prozenträngen und T-Werten stehen erstmals Vergleichsdaten für
das im deutschen Sprachraum etablierte Instrument zur Verfügung, die die
Interpretation interindividueller und intraindividueller Unterschiede vor dem
Hintergrund von Bevölkerungsangaben erlauben.
Practicability of a Virtual Consultation to Evaluate the Shoulder Joint
Authors: Gathen Martin , Cucchi Davide , Jansen Tom , Goost Hans , Schildberg Frank Alexander , Burger Christof , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Kabir Koroush , Welle Kristian
Published: September 2021

Objective In the course of the corona pandemic, resource conservation and the protection of further infections have made it necessary to break new ground in the organisation of
orthopaedic and trauma surgery consultations. One solution is consistent digitisation and the offer of video consultation hours. In this study, non-contact examination of patients with
shoulder disorders is described and critically examined.

Methods Thirty patients who presented with pathologies of the shoulder joint in a university outpatient clinic were subjected to a physical examination in a conventional and
contactless manner. The data obtained on mobility, function and provocation test of both examinations were compared to draw conclusions about the virtual feasibility.

Results 46% of the patients suffered from a traumatic shoulder lesion, and 54% showed degenerative lesions. The assessment of mobility showed a high correlation of 70 – 90% between
the two examinations. Common tests to evaluate the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and the long head of the biceps could be adequately performed in a contactless version by more
than three quarters of the patients, but with low-to-moderate performance values.

Conclusion Contact-less examination is particularly disadvantageous when evaluating stability criteria. For the medical history and functional test, there were no significant
differences between the classic consultation and contactless consultation. Although virtual consultation is a widespread and valuable addition in pandemic times, it cannot replace a safe
assessment and indication by personal examination.
COVID-19 Presented with Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Patient with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria
Authors: Pravdic Zlatko , Mitrovic Mirjana , Bogdanovic Andrija , Virijevic Marijana , Sabljic Nikica , Pantic Nikola , Vukovic Nada Suvajdzic
Published: September 2021

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired clonal haematological disease characterized by complement-mediated haemolysis, bone marrow failure and venous thrombosis. Anticomplement therapy eculizumab improves survival and reduces complications. Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high incidence of both venous and arterial thrombosis in hospitalized patients with pneumonia. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) as the presenting symptom of COVID-19 is a rare event. We describe a well-controlled PNH patient on eculizumab for more than 5 years who presented with DVT, while on warfarin, as the first sign of COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of DVT in a PNH patient with COVID-19.
Die Arthrodese des Fingerendgelenkes: eine Literaturanalyse
Authors: Vonderlind Hans Christoph , Eisenschenk Andreas , Strüwer Johannes , Millrose Michael
Published: September 2021

Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über Techniken und Ergebnisse der Arthrodese des Finger- und Daumenendgelenkes unter Berücksichtigung der Indikation, des Zuganges, der Gelenkflächenpräparation, des Arthrodesenwinkels, der Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Techniken und der Nachbehandlung.
Patientenverfügungen von Bewohnenden in Pflegeeinrichtungen – welche Behandlungssituationen und Behandlungsmaßnahmen werden vorausverfügt?
Authors: Klemmt Malte , Neuderth Silke , van Oorschot Birgitt , Henking Tanja
Published: September 2021

Einleitung Die Möglichkeit, mittels Patientenverfügung Einfluss auf die spätere Behandlung im Falle der Einwilligungsunfähigkeit zu nehmen, gilt heutzutage als wichtiges Element zur Wahrung der Patientenautonomie am Lebensende. Behandlungsmaßnahmen bereits im Vorfeld einer Behandlung abzulehnen oder in diese einzuwilligen, ist für Bewohnende stationärer Pflegeeinrichtungen nicht nur vor dem Hintergrund der COVID-19-Pandemie von besonderer Bedeutung.

Methoden Es wurde eine Vollerhebung aller Vorsorgedokumente von Bewohnenden in 13 stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen unterschiedlicher Größe und Trägerschaft in der Stadt und dem Landkreis Würzburg durchgeführt. Die Analyse der Dokumente erfolgte nach deduktiv-induktivem Vorgehen mittels kategorialer Zusammenfassungen und deskriptiver Häufigkeitsauszählungen.

Ergebnisse In 265 erfassten Patientenverfügungen konnten 2072 Behandlungssituationen und 1673 medizinische Behandlungsmaßnahmen identifiziert werden. Bewohnende stimmen symptomlindernden und pflegerischen Maßnahmen größtenteils zu und lehnen lebensverlängernde bzw. -erhaltende Behandlungsmaßnahmen häufig ab, wobei letztgenannte zumeist auf bestimmte, festgelegte Behandlungssituationen beschränkt werden. Die Bezugnahme auf bestimmte Behandlungssituationen konnte beim Reanimationsversuch, sowohl in Form der Ablehnung wie der Einwilligung, in 88,6 % der Patientenverfügungen festgestellt werden. 62 % der Patientenverfügungen konnten einer Formularvorlage zugeordnet werden.

Diskussion Die Untersuchung liefert Erkenntnisse über den Inhalt von Patientenverfügungen bei Bewohnenden stationärer Pflegeeinrichtungen. Sie gibt damit Hinweise auf medizinische Behandlungswünsche dieser Personengruppe im Falle der Einwilligungsunfähigkeit und zeigt auf, dass Behandlungsmaßnahmen (auch Reanimation) häufig in Bezug zu spezifischen Behandlungssituationen gesetzt werden.
Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio in Familial Mediterranean Fever:
Association with Subclinical Inflammation
Authors: Onder Esra Nagehan Akyol , Ertan Pelin
Published: September 2021

Background Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most seen monogenic
periodic fever syndrome characterised by bouts of fever and serositis. It is
known that subclinical inflammation (SI) can persist in the symptom-free period
and lead to amyloidosis even under colchicine treatment. This study aimed to
evaluate the role of the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) in FMF and its
correlation with SI.

Material and Methods A total of 112 patients with FMF and 78 controls were
enrolled in this retrospective study. Demographic, laboratory and genetic data
were obtained from the hospital records.

Results The FAR values of the FMF cases were significantly higher than the
control group (p<0.001). In the FMF group, the patients with SI had
higher FAR values than those without SI (p<0.001). FAR was positively
correlated with SI (r=0.413, p<0.001). The receiver operating
characteristic curve analysis showed that FAR had a higher area under the curve
value than albumin and fibrinogen.

Conclusion Detecting SI in patients with FMF is crucial in preventing
amyloidosis, the most devastating complication of FMF. FAR is a simple,
inexpensive, easily obtained indicator which can be used for reflecting SI in
FMF.
Erectile Dysfunction after Conservative Treatment of Sacral Fractures in Males without Injury to the Urinary System
Authors: Bayrak Alkan , Duramaz Altug
Published: September 2021

Background This study aimed to determine the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) reported by patients, and to define the prognostic relationship between ED and conservatively
treated sacral fracture without urethral injury.

Methods Patients aged between 20 – 50 years who were sexually active and had no known sexual dysfunction prior to the trauma were included in the study. Seventy-seven patients (47
married, 30 single) treated conservatively for sacral fracture between April 2012 and February 2017 were retrospectively screened. Patients were compared in terms of age, marital status,
body mass index (BMI), trauma mechanism, additional system injury, functional outcomes, and complications. Functional outcomes were assessed using the International Index of Erectile
Function (IIEF-5) and the Majeed pelvic fracture functional assessment scale (MPS).

Results No statistically significant difference was observed between fracture types with respect to age, BMI, follow-up, marital status, trauma mechanism, and accompanying injury.
The incidence of ED was 27.3% for those that received conservative treatment after sacrum fracture. The mean score of IIEF-5 was 18.6 ± 6.6 and MPS was 77.2 ± 13.2. There was no significant
relationship between the injury type of the patients and the IIEF-5 and MPS scores (p = 0.593 and p = 0.907, respectively). The lowest IIEF-5 score was found in Denis type 2 fractures
(p = 0.020).

Conclusion The frequency of ED was higher in Denis type 2 sacrum fractures. Sexual function should be questioned in the follow-up, especially in those fracture types.
The Low Copy Nuclear Gene Region, Granule Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS1), as a Novel Mini-DNA Barcode for the Identification of Different Sage (Salvia) Species
Authors: Parveen Iffat , Techen Natascha , Handy Sara M. , Li Jing , Wu Charles , Chittiboyina Amar G. , Khan Ikhlas A.
Published: September 2021

Morphological similarity within species makes the identification and authentication of Salvia species challenging, especially in dietary supplements that contain processed root or leaf powder of different sage species. In the present study, the species discriminatory power of 2 potential DNA barcode regions from the nuclear genome was evaluated in 7 medicinally important Salvia species from the family Lamiaceae. The nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 and the exon 9 – 14 region of low copy nuclear gene WAXY coding for granule-bound starch synthase 1 were tested for their species discrimination ability using distance, phylogenetic, and BLAST-based methods. A novel 2-step PCR method with 2 different annealing temperatures was developed to achieve maximum amplification from genomic DNA. The granule-bound starch synthase 1 region showed higher amplification and sequencing success rates, higher interspecific distances, and a perfect barcode gap for the
tested species compared to the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2. Hence, these novel mini-barcodes generated from low copy nuclear gene regions (granule-bound starch synthase) that were proven to be effective barcodes for identifying 7 Salvia species have potential for identification and authentication of other Salvia species.
An Attempt to Achieve Hydrated Imidazoline Ring Expansion (HIRE) of Diarene-Fused [1,4]Diazepinones Delivers Selective Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligands
Authors: Krasavin Mikhail , Grintsevich Sergey , Sapegin Alexander , Duszyńska Beata , Bojarski Andrzej J.
Published: September 2021

Attempts to extend the hydrated imidazoline ring expansion (HIRE) strategy to a series of diarene-fused [1,4]diazepinones (earlier applied successfully to bis-pyrido substrate nevirapine) did not result in ring expansion but, rather, led to 2-aminoethyl side chain expulsion. This seeming setback (setting the limitations to the HIRE methodology substrate scope) led to the discovery of selective dopamine D2 ligands with elements of structure–activity relationships.
Gram-Scale Preparation of Acyl Fluorides and Their Reactions with Hindered Nucleophiles
Authors: Barbasiewicz Michał , Tryniszewski Michał
Published: September 2021

A series of acyl fluorides was synthesized at 100 mmol scale using phase-transfer-catalyzed halogen exchange between acyl chlorides and aqueous bifluoride solution. The convenient procedure consists of vigorous stirring of the biphasic mixture at room temperature, followed by extraction and distillation. Isolated acyl fluorides (usually 7–20 g) display excellent purity and can be transformed into sterically hindered amides and esters when treated with lithium amide bases and alkoxides under mild conditions.
Intestinal Malrotation, Mesocolic Hernia, and Meckel Diverticulum – Differential Diagnosis of Abdominal Pain in Adults: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Costa Marcus Vinícius Silva , Alencastro Márcia Cristina de , Linica Samyra Braz de , Ferreira Tiago dos Santos , Bezerra Edson Soares , Bisogni Sérgio
Published: September 2021

Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly caused by incomplete rotation or absence of rotation of the primitive intestine along the axis of the upper mesenteric artery during embryonic development. Embryonic development and its anatomical variations were described by Dott in 1923.

Intestinal malrotation is a rare condition among adults – prevalent in a mere 0.0001% to 0.19% of the population –, and it may be associated with other anatomical deformities. It can be asymptomatic or manifest with varying intensity, from obstruction to necrosis of intestinal segments. In general, this abnormality is diagnosed in the first year of life; however, symptoms may appear later in life, making diagnosis in adults difficult on account of non-specific symptoms.

In the present study, we report a case of intestinal malrotation associated with chronic non-specific symptoms progressing to mesenteric angina.
Study of the Chromosomal Abnormalities and Associated Complex Karyotypes in Hematological Cancer in the Population of West Bengal: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: De Puspal , Mukhopadhyay Madhumitha J
Published: September 2021

Introduction Chromosomal instability is an important feature of hematological cancer. The pathogenesis is complex and it involves genetic and epigenetic factors. As a genetic factor, chromosomal instability may play a key role in leukemogenesis. Accumulation of genetic alteration is mainly responsible for numerical and structural chromosomal rearrangement or clonal evaluation. But disease progression is often driven by chromosomal translocation, hyper- or hypodiploidy with structural abnormalities, and complex karyotypes.

Objective This research aimed to study the different types of chromosomal abnormalities in clinically suspected hematological cancer patients.

Materials and Methods Cytogenetic analysis was performed based on phytohemaglutinin stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures and bone marrow culture, without mitogen, of the respective patients of West Bengal from March 2016 to February 2018. All clinically suspected hematological cancer patients referred for karyotyping to the institutional genetics department have been included without any biasness of sex and age. Karyotypes were described according to the International System for Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN 2005).

Results In the present study, 56 clinically suspected hematological cancer cases were observed and 41 cases of chromosomal rearrangement were found which clearly show chromosomal instability as the main driving force for hematological cancer transformation. Presence of variant Philadelphia chromosomes with classical translocation, mosaic complex karyotypes, variable numerical, and structural chromosomal abnormality, along with severe-to-moderate hypo- and hyperdiploidy, and presence of marker chromosomes were the main findings of this study.

Conclusion The result shows that the detection of chromosomal instability was important for preliminary diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and further management. So the present study provided additional information about chromosomal instability in hematological cancer at Kolkata and adjoining regions.
Evidence for the Application of Sepsis Bundles in 2021
Authors: Plata-Menchaca Erika P. , Ruiz-Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Ferrer Ricard
Published: September 2021

Sepsis represents a severe condition that predisposes patients to a high risk of death if its progression is not ended. As with other time-dependent conditions, the performance of determinant interventions has led to significant survival benefits and quality-of-care improvements in acute emergency care. Thus, the initial interventions in sepsis are a cornerstone for prognosis in most patients. Even though the evidence supporting the hour-1 bundle is perfectible, real-life application of thoughtful and organized sepsis care has improved survival and quality of care in settings promoting compliance to evidence-based treatments. Current evidence for implementing the Surviving Sepsis Campaign bundles for early sepsis management is moving forward to better approaches as more substantial evidence evolves.
How Antibiotics Stewardship Can Be Safely Implemented in Patients with Septic Shock?
Authors: de Montmollin Etienne , Timsit Jean-François
Published: September 2021

In critically ill patients with sepsis and septic shock, the need for prompt and adequate antibiotic therapy is balanced by the risk of excessive antibiotic exposure that leads to emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. As such, antibiotic stewardship programs propose a set of operating rules from antibiotic treatment initiation to de-escalation and finally cessation. In this review, we will describe the rationale for early antibiotic treatment in septic patients, how to optimize initial antibiotic treatment, rules for early treatment discontinuation in pathogen-negative sepsis, and optimal duration of antimicrobial therapy.
Survival Outcome of Sepsis in Recipients of Solid Organ Transplant
Authors: Florescu Diana F. , Kalil Andre C.
Published: September 2021

Sepsis is a complex disease stemming from a dysregulated immune response toward an infectious agent. In transplantation, sepsis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Solid organ transplant recipients have impaired adaptive immunity due to immunosuppression required to prevent rejection. Immunosuppression has unintended consequences, such as increasing the risk of infections and sepsis. Due to its high morbidity and mortality, early detection of sepsis is paramount to start aggressive treatment. Several biomarkers or combination of biomarkers of sepsis have emerged in the last decade, but they are not dependable for early diagnosis or for outcome prognosis.
Elaboration and Validation of Flowchart for the Prevention and Treatment of Intestinal Peristomal Skin Complications
Authors: Cardoso Imaculada Aparecida , Salomé Geraldo Magela , Mendonça Adriana Rodrigues Dos Anjos , Miranda Flávio Dutra , Alves José Ronaldo
Published: September 2021

Objective To build and validate a flowchart for the prevention and treatment of intestinal peristomal skin complications.

Method For the construction of the algorithms, a systematic review was carried out in health sciences databases comprising the last 10 years. The evaluation of the algorithms was carried out by 38 nurses. For the validation of the algorithms, the Delphi technique was used. The statistical analysis used was the content validity index and the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail and in person after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee.

Results In the first evaluation of the algorithms, there was no agreement among the experts. However, after making the corrections suggested by the evaluators, the algorithms were resent, with a 100% consensus among the evaluators. The questions used to validate the algorithms contributed favourably to the internal consistency and content validation of the instrument, since the respective Cronbach alpha was 0.9062 and the global content validity index (g-CVI) was 0.91 in the first validation and 1.0 in the second validation.

Conclusion After an integrative literature review, the flowcharts were built and validated by a professional with experience in the area, showing 100% agreement among the experts in the second evaluation.
In-office Endonasal Minor Revision Rhinoplasty
Authors: Auger Samuel R. , Shah Anil R.
Published: September 2021

The revision rhinoplasty presents many unique challenges to the facial plastic surgeon. While many cases will require a full revision in the operating room, there are several isolated deformities which may be repaired in the office via an endonasal approach. This provides many benefits to the patient and surgeon including decreased cost, shorter recovery time, avoidance of general anesthesia, and less discomfort. It is critical to identify defects appropriate for endonasal repair, establish clear expectations with the patient, and work within one's skill set and level of experience. The surgeon who can comfortably navigate both open and endonasal techniques can offer their patients a comprehensive set of solutions for revision rhinoplasty. In this article we outline the defects amenable to this type of repair as well as technical considerations for each defect addressed. We hope it serves as a useful framework for the range of deformities the rhinoplasty surgeon may take on for in-office repair.
Mechanisms of Pharmacoresistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Drugs but Old Problems
Authors: Marin Jose J.G. , Romero Marta R. , Herraez Elisa , Asensio Maitane , Ortiz-Rivero Sara , Sanchez-Martin Anabel , Fabris Luca , Briz Oscar
Published: September 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis when diagnosed at advanced stages in which curative treatments are no longer applicable. A small group of these patients may still benefit from transarterial chemoembolization. The only therapeutic option for most patients with advanced HCC is systemic pharmacological treatments based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy. Available drugs only slightly increase survival, as tumor cells possess additive and synergistic mechanisms of pharmacoresistance (MPRs) prior to or enhanced during treatment. Understanding the molecular basis of MPRs is crucial to elucidate the genetic signature underlying HCC resistome. This will permit the selection of biomarkers to predict drug treatment response and identify tumor weaknesses in a personalized and dynamic way. In this article, we have reviewed the role of MPRs in current first-line drugs and the combinations of immunotherapeutic agents with novel TKIs being tested in the treatment of advanced HCC.
Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-12, Interleukin-23 Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nosratzehi Tahereh , Alijani Ebrahim , Hassanpoor Neda
Published: September 2021

Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 in the saliva of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Materials and Methods Thirty cases with clinical and histopathological OLP (bilateral lesions, papular and reticular lesions, and Wickham lines) (Group A), 30 with oral SCCs (OSCCs) (Group B), and 30 with no history of oral cancer, other lesions, or lichen planus (Group C) were enrolled at the Department of Oral Medicine School of Dentistry, Zahedan, Iran. The whole unstimulated saliva was collected and the salivary concentration of IL-12 and IL-23 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the laboratory.

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficients.

Results In the present study, salivary IL-12 and IL-23 levels were higher in OSCC patients than in OLP and healthy individuals.

Conclusions The results show that although IL-23 and IL-12 cytokines have an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic immunity and inflammatory diseases, further studies are required to assess matrix metalloproteinase links with tumor invasion.
The Effect of Betamethasone Dosing Interval on Perinatal Outcomes: 12 Hours or 24 Hours Apart
Authors: Bulut Ayca Nazli , Ceyhan Venhar , Cundubey Cevat Rifat , Aydin Emine
Published: September 2021

Objective Antenatal steroids are commonly used to stimulate fetal lung maturation, particularly in pregnancies at risk of early preterm labor. This study aimed to compare the effects of administering betamethasone at a 12- versus 24-hour interval on perinatal outcomes.

Study Design This retrospective study included 423 early preterm births from 26+0/7 to 33+6/7 weeks of gestation. Patients received betamethasone at either a 12- or 24-hour dosing interval.

Results When all patients in each group were evaluated together, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups for complications of prematurity, including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). When the two groups were divided by gestational age (GA), the 32+0/7 to 33+6/7-week group that received betamethasone at a 24-hour interval had statistically lower 1- and 5-minute APGAR scores (p = 0.06 and p = 0.02, respectively). They also had a greater need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), NICU length of stay, RDS, and need for surfactant (p = 0.20, p = 0.09, p = 0.27, and p = 0.23, respectively) than did the infants at 32+0/7 to 33+6/7 weeks, who received betamethasone at a 12-hour interval. In the group with GA between 28+0/7 and 29+6/7 weeks, the 1-minute APGAR score was lower (p = 0.22), and the durations of hospital stay, and mechanical ventilation were longer (p = 0.048, p = 0.21, respectively) in the 24-hour interval group. No statistically significant difference was observed for all parameters in other GA groups.

Conclusion A 12-hour dosing interval for betamethasone appears to be more appropriate, as it results in a reduction in some neonatal complications and provides a short dose interval.

Key Points
Characterization of a 200-nF unipolar, high current, low inductance capacitor switch assembly
Authors: Zameroski Nathan D. , Anderson Charlie , Kirbie Hugh , Wisher Matthew L. , Gibbs Nicholas , Koeppel Jeff , Parson Jonathan M. , Rotunda Nico , Spencer Michael , Smith Zachary
Published: September 2021

Capacitor switch assemblies (CSAs) are a viable alternative to the standard Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) brick—the prime power “building block” in LTD-based high current drivers. In a CSA, the geometrical advantages combined with the switch’s placement within a CSA produce a significantly lower inductance structure compared to the LTD brick. Lower inductances enable higher peak currents and faster rise times when all other parameters are held constant, thus making low inductance a crucial feature in high current systems. In this article, the experimental characterization of a 200-nF, 38-nH CSA is presented. When charged to 56 (57 kV), this CSA generates a 76 (64-kA) current peak into 0.28 (0.46-Ω) resistive loads. Comparing the experimental data’s waveforms with those of an analytic circuit model, close agreement with underdamped RLC circuit theory is obtained. Based on this CSA’s performance, the experimental data are extrapolated to model the performance of a bipolar 100-nF (±90 kV) CSA and a unipolar 200-nF (90 kV) CSA and compared with a standard 40-nF, bipolar (±100 kV) LTD brick. Furthermore, circuit simulations are performed for a 2.2-m diameter LTD cavity with 20 dual polarity (±100 kV) standard bricks and 23 dual polarity (±90 kV) CSAs. An increase by a factor of 2 in the power output is obtained for the CSA–LTD cavity over the brick LTD cavity while maintaining the same cross-sectional area. This has a large potential impact on the pulsed power generator design, both for smaller university-scale machines and proposed next-generation [60 Mega Amp (MA)] accelerators.
Modification of Joint Recurrence Quantification Analysis (JRQA) for assessing individual characteristics from short EEG time series
Authors: Runnova Anastasiya , Selskii Anton , Emelyanova Elizaveta , Zhuravlev Maxim , Popova Margarita , Kiselev Anton , Shamionov Rail
Published: September 2021

This article proposes a modification of joint recurrence quantification analysis for identifying individual characteristics applied to human electroencephalography (EEG) using short time series. Statistical analysis of EEG characteristics facilitated the clarification of the spatial localization of identified individual characteristics. The method can be adapted for use as a stage of a rapid automatic configuration of brain–computer interface devices, which is especially relevant when working with children, due to limited opportunities for their long-term monitoring.
The curious case of DMSO: A CCSD(T)/CBS(aQ56+
d) benchmark and DFT study
Authors: Olive Laura N. , Dornshuld Eric Van , Webster Charles Edwin
Published: September 2021

This work addresses the pathological behavior of the energetics of dimethyl sulfoxide and related sulfur-containing compounds by providing the computational benchmark energetics of R2E2 species, where R = H/CH3 and E = O/S, with bent and pyramidal geometries using state-of-the-art methodologies. These 22 geometries were fully characterized with coupled-cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)], second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and 22 density functional theory (DFT) methods with 8, 12, and 12, respectively, correlation consistent basis sets of double-, triple-, or quadruple-ζ quality. The relative energetics were determined at the MP2 and CCSD(T) complete basis set (CBS) limits using 17 basis sets up to sextuple-ζ and include augmented, tight-d, and core–valence correlation consistent basis sets. The relative energies of oxygen-/sulfur-containing compounds exhibit exceptionally slow convergence to the CBS limit with canonical methods as well as significant basis set dependence. CCSD(T) with quadruple-ζ basis sets can give qualitatively incorrect relative energies. Explicitly correlated MP2-F12 and CCSD(T)-F12 methods dramatically accelerate the convergence of the relative energies to the CBS limit for these problematic compounds. The F12 methods with a triple-ζ quality basis set give relative energies that deviate no more than 0.41 kcal mol−1 from the benchmark CBS limit. The correlation consistent Composite Approach (ccCA), ccCA-TM (TM for transition metals), and G3B3 deviated by no more than 2 kcal mol−1 from the benchmark CBS limits. Relative energies for oxygen-/sulfur-containing systems fully characterized with DFT are quite unreliable even with triple-ζ quality basis sets, and 13 out of 45 combinations fortuitously give a relative energy that is within 1 kcal mol−1 on average from the benchmark CCSD(T) CBS limit for these systems.
Experimental validation of the fundamental mode approximation for stacked metasurfaces and its application to the treatment of arbitrary period ratios
Authors: Sperrhake Jan , Falkner Matthias , Steinert Michael , Fasold Stefan , Pertsch Thomas
Published: September 2021

We experimentally realize a series of incommensurable metasurface stacks that transition from near-field coupling to a far-field regime. Based on a comparison between a semi-analytic model and measurements, we, furthermore, present an experimental study on the validity of the fundamental mode approximation (FMA). As the FMA is a condition for the homogeneity of a metasurface, its validity allows for strong simplification in the design of stacked metasurfaces. Based on this, we demonstrate a method for the semi-analytic design of stacked periodic metasurfaces with arbitrary period ratios. In particular, incommensurable ratios require computational domains of impractically large sizes and are usually very challenging to fabricate. This results in a noticeable gap in parameter space when optimizing metasurface stacks for specific optical features. Here, we aim to close that gap by utilizing the principles of the FMA, allowing for additional parameter combinations in metasurface design.
Generalized Boozer coordinates: A natural coordinate system for quasisymmetry
Authors: Rodríguez E. , Sengupta W. , Bhattacharjee A.
Published: September 2021

We prove the existence of a straight-field-line coordinate system we call generalized Boozer coordinates. This coordinate system exists for magnetic fields with nested toroidal flux surfaces provided ∮dl/B (j·∇ψ)=0, where symbols have their usual meaning, and the integral is taken along closed magnetic field lines. All quasisymmetric fields, regardless of their associated form of equilibria, must satisfy this condition. This coordinate system presents itself as a convenient form to describe general quasisymmetric configurations and their properties. Insight can be gained analytically into the difference between strong and weak forms of quasisymmetry, as well as axisymmetry, and the interaction of quasisymmetry with different forms of equilibria.
Temporal development of unconfined propeller scour in waterways
Authors: Ferraro D. , Lauria A. , Penna N. , Gaudio R.
Published: September 2021

A ship propeller jet causes bed scouring and deposition of sediments around the scoured area. Although the bed topography changes induced by the ship propeller are one of the main issues in a harbor, these effects are relevant in other contexts concerning the ship maneuvering zone. An unexplored problem is the scour induced by the propeller jet in waterways. In this case, the still water condition, commonly accepted in several research studies, is not justifiable owing to the effect of an additional flow to the propeller jet, which can induce alterations in the scouring process. Thus, in this paper, an experimental campaign on the combined effects of a propeller jet and a uniform flow on a mobile bed is presented. Specifically, different propeller submergence depths and water discharges were tested. Numerical simulations were performed to highlight the different behaviors observed in the experimental runs with and without a uniform flow in addition to the propeller swirling jet. Furthermore, the presence of the channel flow was investigated in terms of scoured longitudinal and transverse bed profiles, as well as of the entire scour hole bathymetry. A regression equation was obtained to compute the maximum scour depths and the scoured volume for the investigated conditions. Finally, a spectral analysis method is proposed to characterize the complex bed bathymetry induced by the propeller jet and the uniform flow.
Numerical investigation of non-condensable gas effect on vapor bubble collapse
Authors: Trummler T. , Schmidt S. J. , Adams N. A.
Published: September 2021

We numerically investigate the effect of non-condensable gas inside a vapor bubble on bubble dynamics, collapse pressure, and pressure impact of spherical and aspherical bubble collapses. Free gas inside a vapor bubble has a damping effect that can weaken the pressure wave and enhance the bubble rebound. To estimate this effect numerically, we derive and validate a multi-component model for vapor bubbles containing gas. For the cavitating liquid and the non-condensable gas, we employ a homogeneous mixture model with a coupled equation of state for all components. The cavitation model for the cavitating liquid is a barotropic thermodynamic equilibrium model. Compressibility of all phases is considered in order to capture the shock wave of the bubble collapse. After validating the model with an analytical energy partitioning model, simulations of collapsing wall-attached bubbles with different stand-off distances are performed. The effect of the non-condensable gas on rebound and damping of the emitted shock wave is well captured.
Relative energetics of CH3CH2O, CH3CHOH, and CH2CH2OH radical products from ethanol dehydrogenation
Authors: Williams Ashley E. , Hammer Nathan I. , Tschumper Gregory S.
Published: September 2021

This study has examined the relative energetics of nine stationary points associated with the three different radical isomers generated by removing a H atom from ethanol at the O atom (ethoxy, CH3CH2O), the α C atom (CH3CHOH), and the β C atom (CH2CH2OH). For the first time, CCSD(T) geometry optimizations and harmonic vibrational frequency computations with the cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets have been carried out to characterize two unique minima for each isomer along with three transition state structures with Cs symmetry. Explicitly correlated CCSD(T) computations were also performed to estimate the relative energetics of these nine stationary points near the complete basis set limit. These benchmark results were used to assess the performance of various density functional theory (DFT) and wave function theory methods, and they will help guide method selection for future studies of alcohols and their radicals. The structures generated by abstracting H from the α C atom have significantly lower electronic energies (by at least 7 kcal mol−1) than the CH3CH2O and CH2CH2OH radicals. Although previously reported as a minimum on the ground-state surface, the 2A″ Cs structure of the ethoxy radical was found to be a transition state in this study with MP2, CCSD(T), and a number of DFT methods. An implicit solvation model used in conjunction with DFT and MP2 methods did not qualitatively change the relative energies of the isomers, but the results suggest that the local minima for the CH3CHOH and CH2CH2OH radicals could become more energetically competitive in condensed phase environments, such as liquid water and ethanol.
Electronic structure of NdO via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of NdO---
Authors: Babin Mark C. , DeWitt Martin , DeVine Jessalyn A. , McDonald David C. , Ard Shaun G. , Shuman Nicholas S. , Viggiano Albert A. , Cheng Lan , Neumark Daniel M.
Published: September 2021

Electronically excited NdO is a possible product of the chemistry associated with the release of Nd into the ionosphere, and emission from these states may contribute to the observations following such experiments. To better characterize the energetics and spectroscopy of NdO, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled NdO− anions (cryo-SEVI) supplemented by wave function-based quantum-chemical calculations. Using cryo-SEVI, we measure the electron affinity of NdO to be 1.0091(7) eV and resolve numerous transitions to low-lying electronic and vibrational states of NdO that are assigned with the aid of the electronic structure calculations. Additionally, temperature-dependent data suggest contributions from the (2)4.5 state of NdO− residing 2350 cm−1 above the ground anion state. Photodetachment to higher-lying excited states of NdO is also reported, which may help to clarify observations from prior release experiments.
Design of PID controller and fan wing controller for FanWing
Authors: Meng Lin , Wang Shuo , Chen Ye , Gao Yang
Published: September 2021

FanWing, a concept for embedding a cross-flow fan into a thick wing for lift enhancement and thrust production, is a new kind of aircraft. Since the action position of the fan wing is after the center of gravity, the rotation of the cross-flow fan produces lift, thrust, and an additional pitch-down moment. Although FanWing has achieved great success at the air shows, scientists mainly concentrate on optimizing the fan wing structure to improve the characteristics of the power system and the dynamic performance of FanWing but rarely consider the control system. There is still a lot of work to do on theoretical research and engineering applications. Thus, the present paper will do some research on the control systems, including two control methods: the traditional elevator, aileron, and rudder control method and the fan wing control method. The influence of the additional pitch-down moment is researched. Based on the study of a 3.5 kg FanWing, the proportional integral differential (PID) controllers are designed. The proposed fan wing controller has been compared with the traditional PID one. The simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed fan wing controller in terms of the nonlinear simulation.
Application of gas phase tracking approach in hydrodynamic simulation for gas–liquid two-phase flow in undulant pipelines
Authors: Chen Sihang , Yang Qi , Li Wang , Song Shangfei , Qi Xueyu , Duan Xu , Shi Bohui , Li Xiaoping , Gong Jing
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we propose a new hydrodynamic model for gas–liquid two-phase flows in undulant pipelines based on the gas tracking method. The motion of three main forms of gas phase, including elongated bubbles, small bubbles, and gas pockets, is modeled by respective momentum equations. The mass transfer behaviors among the three gas forms, including interior mass transfer of single gas form, are considered. Therefore, the flow patterns along the pipeline can be predicted based on the gas tracking method. Afterward, the integrated pressure gradient of the gas–liquid two-phase flow in undulant pipelines can be obtained with the updated flow patterns. The model validation using the field data of a real pipeline in China shows that the accuracy of this model is within acceptable range. According to the simulation results, how the pipe terrain affects the gas transport and flow patterns is revealed, and sensitive analysis is carried out. These findings are of great practical value to obtain a deeper understanding of gas–liquid two-phase flows in undulant pipelines.
Numerical analysis of the wake dynamics of a propeller
Authors: Wang Lianzhou , Wu Tiecheng , Gong Jie , Yang Yiren
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the inception mechanism of propeller wake instability based on an improved detached eddy simulation method at a moderate advance coefficient of J = 0.65. Computational fluid dynamics simulations involving a rotating propeller using a dynamic overset technique are performed at J = 0.38 and J = 0.88 to validate the numerical approach, and these results are compared against experimental data of thrust and torque coefficients and phase-averaged axial velocity from the literature. The results indicate that propeller wake instability results from interactions among vortex structures behind the propeller and the high-speed shear layer. In addition, the diffusion of azimuthal velocity plays an important role in the mutual induction process. Finally, we propose a model that includes the main physical processes leading to tip vortex instability and can predict the time and location of vortex pairing. The present study provides deeper insight into the flow physics driving the tip vortex pairing process.
Dislocation-driven high catalytic performance of FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy for the hydrolysis of NaBH4
Authors: Mu Juan , Ye Yongqing , Wang Jiale , Zhu Zhengwang , Wang Yandong , Zhang Haifeng
Published: September 2021

A high-entropy alloy Fe10Co10Ni10Cr10Mn60 ribbon catalyst with a face-centered cubic structure was designed by using Co and Ni as the main catalytic elements and combining various co-catalytic elements, such as Fe, Mn, and Cr. Substantial element selective corrosion occurs during the acid solution corrosion process, which induces the exposure of many Co and Ni atoms, increases the specific surface area, and further results in the formation of many vacancies and dislocations. This unique structure generates a positive electron effect, that is the peaks of Ni2p3/2 and Co2p3/2 shift to lower binding energies, namely, approximately 1 eV for Ni and 0.8 eV for Co, indicating the Co and Ni enrich electrons. The catalyst shows an excellent catalytic performance for the hydrolysis of NaBH4 after corrosion for 90 s, whose hydrogen production rate approaches 18.46 l/(m2·min). This work opens up a direction for the application of the macroscopic scale high-entropy alloy in the catalytic hydrogen field.
Effect of synthesis method parameters on the photocatalytic activity of tungsten oxide nanoplates
Authors: Markhabayeva Aiymkul , Abdullin Khabibulla , Kalkozova Zhanar , Nurbolat Shyryn , Nuraje Nurxat
Published: September 2021

A simple chemical bath deposition method has been developed to study the formation of nanoplate morphology of tungsten oxide. The obtained materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the resulting samples was further evaluated by degradation of Rhodamine B under light irradiation. It was found that both synthesis parameters and morphology affected the tungsten oxide photocatalytic activity. Tungsten oxide nanoplates obtained by a simple chemical bath deposition method have demonstrated a higher specific area and higher photocatalytic activity compared to the nanopowders obtained by the hydrothermal method.
Spin Hall effect in a non-equilibrium Cu76Ir24 alloy measured at various temperatures
Authors: Masuda Hiroto , Modak Rajkumar , Seki Takeshi , Uchida Ken-ichi , Lau Yong-Chang , Nitta Junsaku , Takanashi Koki
Published: September 2021

Non-equilibrium Cu–Ir binary alloys are interesting materials because these alloys show a large spin Hall effect (SHE) despite the non-remarkable spin Hall angles of pure Cu and pure Ir. In this study, the temperature dependence of the SHE on a non-equilibrium Cu–Ir binary alloy was investigated in order to understand the mechanism of its large SHE. We measured the spin Hall magnetoresistance for the Cu76Ir24/CoFeB bilayer at various measurement temperatures. The spin Hall conductivity remains practically constant against temperature and electrical conductivity, indicating that the side jump or the intrinsic process based on the band structure is dominant for the SHE in the present Cu76Ir24.
Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Weitzner Stephen E. , Akhade Sneha A. , Kashi Ajay R. , Qi Zhen , Buckley Aya K. , Huo Ziyang , Ma Sichao , Biener Monika , Wood Brandon C. , Kuhl Kendra P. , Varley Joel B. , Biener Juergen
Published: September 2021

Cu-based catalysts currently offer the most promising route to actively and selectively produce value-added chemicals via electrochemical reduction of CO2 (eCO2R); yet further improvements are required for their wide-scale deployment in carbon mitigation efforts. Here, we systematically investigate a family of dilute Cu-based alloys to explore their viability as active and selective catalysts for eCO2R through a combined theoretical–experimental approach. Using a quantum–classical modeling approach that accounts for dynamic solvation effects, we assess the stability and activity of model single-atom catalysts under eCO2R conditions. Our calculations identify that the presence of eCO2R intermediates, such as CO*, H*, and OH*, may dynamically influence the local catalyst surface composition. Additionally, we identify through binding energy descriptors of the CO*, CHO*, and OCCO* dimer intermediates that certain elements, such as group 13 elements (B, Al, and Ga), enhance the selectivity of C2+ species relative to pure Cu by facilitating CO dimerization. The theoretical work is corroborated by preliminary testing of eCO2R activity and selectivity of candidate dilute Cu-based alloy catalyst films prepared by electron beam evaporation in a zero-gap gas diffusion electrode-based reactor. Of all studied alloys, dilute CuAl was found to be the most active and selective toward C2+ products like ethylene, consistent with the theoretical predictions. We attribute the improved performance of dilute CuAl alloys to more favorable dimerization reaction energetics of bound CO species relative to that on pure Cu. In a broader context, the results presented here demonstrate the power of our simulation framework in terms of rational catalyst design.