bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Steel-Concrete Composite Buildings for Blast Induced Progressive Collapse
Authors: Jeyarajan S , Liew J Y Richard , Koh C G
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the progressive collapse behaviour of steel concrete composite buildings subject to ground blast explosion using nonlinear dynamic analysis and conventional alternate path approach. The alternate path approach, which is a threat independent methodology, is commonly used as a design guide for minimising the potential for progressive collapse. This method may not be always conservative in assessing the robustness of the structure, especially for building subject to heavy blast loads and thus nonlinear analysis is often needed to investigate the building response under such extreme load. In the present paper, composite slab model based on equivalent area approach and composite joint model based on Eurocode's component method are proposed for nonlinear analysis of building framework. The analysis results show that a heavy blast load may wipe out a series of columns/beams at once instead of a single one. High blast pressure may also induce large lateral drift and lead to significant damage to structural elements spreading over several storeys of the building. Generally, such extensive damage cannot be captured using the alternate path approach. The present investigation recommends that nonlinear analysis should be performed in order to capture the true behaviour of such buildings subject to extreme blast loads.
Near-Field Blast Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Components
Authors: Shin Jinwon , Whittaker Andrew S. , Aref Amjad J.
Published: September 2015

Close-in detonations can damage or destroy components of buildings. The damage to reinforced concrete components is often simulated using finite element codes with considerations of material erosion that are based on either a damage algorithm or a user-specified criterion, and both are explored in the paper. Single element simulations of concrete are performed to establish reliable values of concrete erosion strain as a function of strain rate, compressive strength, element size and loading condition. Numerical analyses of a reinforced concrete column subjected to blast loadings are performed using alternate representations of erosion to characterize the influence of concrete compressive strength, transverse reinforcement, and applied axial load, on predictions of damage.
Empirical Ballistic Limit Velocity Model for Bi-Layer Ceramic–Metal Armor
Authors: Serjouei Ahmad , Chi Runqiang , Sridhar Idapalapati , Tan Geoffrey E.B.
Published: September 2015

An empirical model to estimate the ballistic velocity limit (BLV) of bi-layer ceramic–metal armor materials, considering momentum and energy balance during impact process, is proposed. Three ceramic materials as front layer, namely: alumina (Al2O3 96%) boron carbide (B4C) and silicon carbide (SiC) and three materials as backing layer, namely: aluminium alloy (Al 5083H116), steel 4340 and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), are considered. Initially, materials constitutive and failure model constants are validated through comparison of simulations performed using finite element explicit solver, AUTODYN®, against the available experimental data in the literature. Impact simulations of different combinations of thicknesses and materials from three ceramic materials and three metal materials and thicknesses and different projectile lengths, chosen based on orthogonal array technique, are performed from which B LV of the armors are calculated. Empirical constants in the proposed model are obtained using least square fitting to the B LV data obtained from simulations. Comparison between results obtained from the empirical model for B LV of ceramic–metal armor impacted by flat-ended projectiles, with available limited experimental data is carried out. The empirical B LV expression is used for optimization of alumina/aluminium armor system, for weight and volume objectives. Optimization results compare well with the experimental measurements.
Blast Mitigation Effects of Water Walls: Numerical Simulation and Analytical Approach
Authors: Zhang Li , Fang Qin , Mao Yi-Ming , Chen Li
Published: September 2015

In order to investigate the blast mitigation effect of the water wall, a numerical model was developed by commercial software LS–DYNA, and its accuracy was validated by the experimental results. Based on this calibrated model, the mitigation effects of the scaled water wall height, the scaled water wall thickness and the scaled water/charge distance (the scaled distance between the explosive charge and the water wall) on the peak incident overpressure and the impulse of the blast wave were analyzed and discussed. A theoretical analysis model based on one-dimensional non-steady flow theory was proposed, and the attenuation of the peak incident overpressure using the water wall was calculated and compared with experimental and numerical results. Moreover, the mitigating mechanism of the water wall was also discussed with the theoretical model. The study results suggest that the water wall is a potentially promising method for the blast mitigation.
ECG of the month
Authors: Regan Martin
Published: September 2015

Martin Regan presents an ECG for you to analyse
BHF Alliance National Event
Authors: Menezes Jolene
Published: September 2015

The British Heart Foundation (BHF) Alliance National Event was held on 9 June 2015 in Manchester. Jolene Menezes interviews key people and highlights the BHF Alliance and the innovative nursing and community projects the BHF funds
Coenzyme Q10 to treat and prevent heart disease
Authors: Mantle David
Published: September 2015

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring vitamin-like substance that plays a key role in the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Recent randomised controlled clinical studies (Q-SYMBIO and KISEL-10) comprising more than 400 patients have demonstrated significant benefits of long-term CoQ10 supplementation for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease respectively. In the Q-SYMBIO study, CoQ10 supplementation (3 x 100 mg/day) over a 2-year period in patients with chronic heart failure reduced cardiovascular mortality risk by 43%. In the KISEL-10 study, supplementation with a combination of CoQ10 (200 mg/day) and selenium (200 mcg/day) over a 5-year period in the normal elderly population reduced cardiovascular mortality risk by 53%. No significant adverse effects were reported in either the Q-SYMBIO or KISEL-10 studies. The specific form of CoQ10 used in the Q-SYMBIO and KISEL-10 studies addresses previous concerns regarding issues of product quality, safety and variable efficacy in the management of cardiovascular disease.
Medicines adherence and coaching in cardiology
Authors: Barnett Nina , White Dan
Published: September 2015

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide compared with any other clinical condition, and improving medication adherence contributes to better outcomes. There is no single predictor of good or poor adherence. Patient beliefs about their illness can affect willingness to adhere to medicines. A health coaching approach can support medication adherence by raising the patient's awareness of their issue or problem and increasing their responsibility for managing their condition. This ultimately supports patients to be their own problem solvers. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be used to support adherence where the patient works collaboratively with a therapist to identify and re-evaluate the content and effects of their thoughts, beliefs and emotional states that affect adherence. Both health coaching and cognitive behavioural change techniques have been used successfully in routine medicines-related consultations including use of the Four Es (explore, educate, empower, enable) framework to support adherence. Use of cognitive behavioural change techniques, including health coaching and CBT, can support patients to better engage with their medicines-related activity to improve health outcomes.
Transcatheter aortic valve implant/replacement
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: September 2015

This section presents a concise overview of the treatments and clinical procedures regularly carried out in the field of cardiovascular care. This ‘back-to-basics’ article aims to refresh nurses' knowledge on correct practice, as well as introduce students and junior nurses to procedures
Research Roundup
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: September 2015

In this section, Helen Cowan presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in the field of cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to take a look at the research in further detail
Awareness of automated external defibrillators in the community: a local study
Authors: Baker Colin , Loade Carol L. , Crone Diane
Published: September 2015

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are an important part of the chain of survival and provide a valuable first response to cardiac arrest. The National Defibrillator Programme instigated the installation of AEDs across England, but there is a need for greater local evidence concerning their installation. The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of AED provision within a single district in a county located in southwest UK. A mixed-methods study was undertaken including a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. In total, 182 surveys were completed and seven interviews were undertaken with participants representing local organisations. Less than one third of organisations had installed AEDs and people were not clear about where the nearest AED was situated. Further awareness must be raised in order to develop public knowledge and confidence concerning the location, role and use of community AEDs.
Contribution of the Leg Club model of care to the well-being of people living with chronic wounds
Authors: Upton D. , Upton P. , Alexander R.
Published: September 2015

Objective:

Social support impacts well-being. Higher levels of social support encourage treatment adherence and aid healing in people living with chronic wounds. The Leg Club model of care harnesses social support mechanisms to improve patient outcomes. This study investigated whether social support mechanisms available through a Leg Club environment influenced well-being.

Method:

Participants were community Leg Club members. Socio-demographic data was collected, and the Well-being in Wounds Inventory (WOWI) administered to assess ‘wound worries,’ ‘personal resources,’ and ‘well-being’. Participants' perceived social situation, length of time attending a Leg Club, wound duration, and feelings about their physical appearance were also measured.

Results:

The subjects recruited (n=49) were aged between 50 and 94 years (mean=75.34, standard deviation=10.31). Membership of a Leg Club did impact well-being factors. Time spent at a Leg Club improved ‘personal resources’ over time. ‘Perceived social situation’ predicted key aspects of well-being, as did ‘time spent attending a Leg Club’ and ‘feelings about physical appearance.’ Social support and relief from social isolation were important aspects of Leg Club membership for participants.

Conclusion:

Attending a Leg Club enhances well-being in people living with a chronic wound; social support has an important role to play in this relationship. Future research should consider the specific interplay of social support mechanisms of Leg Club, and other relevant wound-related variables to optimise patient well-being and treatment outcomes.

Declaration of interest:

The Urgo Foundation funded this project. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
A review of patient and skin characteristics associated with skin tears
Authors: Rayner R. , Carville K. , Leslie G. , Roberts P.
Published: September 2015

Objective:

Skin tears are the most common wound among the elderly and have the potential to cause infection, form chronic wounds, reduce quality of life and increase health-care costs. Our aim was to identify studies that reviewed patient and skin characteristics associated with skin tears.

Method:

A review of skin tear studies reported in the English literature between 1980 and 2013 was undertaken using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Evidence Based and Medicine Reviews (EBM). Search terms included aged, skin, tears or lacerations, skin tearing, geri tear, epidermal tear and prevalence.

Results:

There were 343 articles found with using the search terms. After abstract review nine were found to be relevant to the search. The principle findings from these eight published articles and one unpublished study revealed that the most common patient characteristics were a history of skin tears, impaired mobility and impaired cognition. Skin characteristics associated with skin tears included senile purpura, ecchymosis and oedema.

Conclusion:

This review provides an overview of identified patient and skin characteristics that predispose the elderly to skin tears and exposes the lack of research within this domain.

Declaration of interest:

R. Rayner is a recipient of a 2013 Australian Postgraduate Award, Curtin University Postgraduate Scholarship and a Wound Management Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) PhD stipend. The School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University and the Silver Chain Group, Western Australia are participants in the Wound Management Innovation CRC. No conflict of interest exists among the authors.
Diabetic neuropathic forefoot and heel ulcers: management, clinical presentation and outcomes
Authors: Yosuf M. K. , Mahadi S. I. , Mahmoud S. M. , Widatalla A. H. , Ahmed M. E.
Published: September 2015

Objective:

The two most common sites for diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers are the forefoot and the heel. Each site has special characteristics that determines its course. The aim of this study is to compare clinical presentation, management and outcome of diabetic neuropathic forefoot ulcers to diabetic neuropathic heel ulcers.

Method:

This was a prospective cross-sectional comparative study carried in Jabir Abu Eliz Diabetic Centre (JADC), Khartoum, Sudan. A hundred patients with neuropathic diabetic ulcer were included, half were forefoot ulcers and the other half were hindfoot ulcers, two patients were lost on follow-up from each group. Neuropathy was graded using 10g monofilament nylon. Patients with vascular ischaemia, ankle brachial index pressure (ABPI) <0.9 and >1.1 were excluded. Other patient's data included demographic, foot and ulcer characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes. Foot ulcers were categorised according to Wagner classification, site and size of ulcer and presence of infection. Comorbidities evaluated included hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and renal impairment. All patients received standard wound care and regular follow-up.

Results:

The age of the studied patients was 54.3 ± 11 years (mean ± standard deviation (SD 11)) and 52.9 ± 11 years for forefoot and heel ulcer respectively. The mean duration of diabetes was 12.4 ± 6 years for forefoot ulcers and 13.3 ± 7 years for heel ulcer. The mean duration of foot ulcer was 21 and 26 days for forefoot and heel respectively. Forefoot ulcers healed within 12 week in 45% of patients and by 20 weeks in 63%, while 35% of heel ulcers healed by 12 weeks and 54% healed by 20 weeks (p=0.058). Based on Wagner classification, healing was best in class 1 among both forefoot and heel ulcers, 22.4% and 12.2% respectively (p=0.003 for forefoot and 0.002 for heel). First and second metatarsal heads were the common site of forefoot ulcer. Heel ulcers >3cm dimension had longer duration of healing compared to forefoot ulcers at both 12 and 20 weeks (p<0.02).

Conclusion:

Healing in diabetic neuropathic forefoot ulcer was better than heel ulcer, though not reaching statistically significant value. Wagner class 1 had the best healing among both ulcers and a heel ulcer >3cm had a significantly longer healing time.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Grace under pressure?
Authors: David Anthony
Published: September 2015

Teaching is a stressful profession which will present plenty of challenging situations. If you feel overwhelmed by these it could be time to talk someone.
Take control of security and downloading apps
Authors: Gallagher Rachael
Published: September 2015

Don't be held back by logistical problems relating to iPads and other mobile devices. Rachael Gallagher suggests ways they can be managed effectively.
Build a ‘thrilling’ website for your Angry Aztecs
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: September 2015

When it comes to the Aztecs there is a lot to question, research and discuss. Creating a special website is the perfect way to share information with others.
On your marks, get set…
Authors: Davis John
Published: September 2015

Set a time limit for these games designed to help pupils write and calculate maths statements for multiplication and division. Start with the times tables they know.
Jumping to conclusions
Authors: Zucker Johnny
Published: September 2015

These year 3 activities are taken from the Hopscotch series that aims to hone children's ability to extract information from a wide variety of sources and formats.
Opening the door to Ofsted: A move towards a new culture of trust?
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: September 2015

Ofsted's new inspection framework has pared down the evidence that schools need to present to highlight their achievements, and in theory demands no extra work for the inspectorate's visit. So what will school's be judged on? Dorothy Lepkowska finds out.
Prediction of Compressibility Data for Highly Plastic Clays Using Diffuse Double-Layer Theory
Authors: Bharat Tadikonda Venkata , Sridharan Asuri
Published: September 2015

Montmorillonite-rich clays are important in many engineering applications. The compressibility of such plastic clays at high consolidation pressures is important for predicting routine settlement and for applications in nuclear-waste repositories. Laboratory measurement of compressibility data at high consolidation pressures is not only time consuming but very expensive also. Theoretical predictions can help to determine the compressibility of plastic clays at high consolidation pressures. A linear relationship between e/eNvs. 1/√P (eN is the normalization void ratio at normalization pressure N and P is the consolidation pressure) was derived using diffuse double-layer theory. The compressibility data of several plastic clays in published studies were found to support the derived relationship. A generalized theoretical equation was proposed to predict the compressibility data over a wide range of consolidation pressures using an experimentally measured void ratio at low consolidation pressure. The compressibility data for different plastic clays were predicted accurately up to maximum consolidation pressures that ranged from 0.7 to 30 MPa using an experimentally measured void ratio near the pre-consolidation pressure. The preconsolidation pressures for different clays considered here ranged from 25 to 133 kPa. The proposed predictive model is supported by experimental data, is simple, and does not require knowledge of clay-surface and pore-fluid parameters.
‘Black Box’ in flux: Locating the literary work between media
Authors: Andersen Tore Rye
Published: September 2015

Traditionally, the printed book has been the preferred mode of delivery for literature, to such an extent that the book’s status as a medium has been practically invisible. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the mediality of the book affects the way we read. The interpretation of literature is not just a matter of scrutinizing the text itself but of analysing the complex interplay between form, content and medium. In 2012 Jennifer Egan published the story ‘Black Box’ via Twitter. The story has subsequently been published in various other media, such as magazines, printed books and as an audiobook. This multimodal publication history necessitates new analytical strategies that can investigate what happens to our notions of a literary work when the literary text appears in several media at once. Taking off from an analysis of ‘Black Box’ and its various embodiments and drawing on John Bryant’s concept of ‘the fluid text’ the article discusses what happens to the literary work when it is dispersed between various media.
McSweeney’s and the act of framing: The digital excerpt between work and marketing
Authors: Mygind Sarah
Published: September 2015

The rise of digital media and technology has game-changing effects on literature and publishing. Among other things, our contemporary period is seeing a remarkable increase in the marketing activities surrounding literature, authors and publishers in which digital media platforms play a significant role. As a result we have witnessed a proliferation of digital as well as print texts in general – and of new digital text formats and labels in particular. A distinct aspect of the new digital formats is that the texts are often ascribed to other texts while at the same time being presented to the world as separate entities. But what status should we assign to these texts that are at the same time detached from and attached to other texts? Should they be regarded as texts in their own right, as paratext or merely as products of marketing? Based on an analysis of the McSweeney’s iOS app, this article will suggest that Jacques Derrida’s idea of the frame (e.g. the frame of a painting) as a parergon can be applied to the digital excerpt of a novel and other varieties of so-called ‘extra material’ in order to identify the function of these particular proliferating texts as something in between artworks in their own right and products of marketing.
The multiplicity of the digital textbook as design object
Authors: Ebbesen Toke Riis
Published: September 2015

Building on a preliminary case study of the Danish educational publisher Systime A/S and its flagship product, the web-based ‘iBog’/‘iBook’, this article explores how digital textbooks can be understood as design. The shaping of digital books is seen as being intertwined in a wider circuit of design culture, constituted by changes in designer roles, consumption and mediation practices and restructuring of book production. Following this perspective entails an investigation not only into the shaping of the book as an isolated artefact or product but also into how business models, internal reorganization of the publishing company, web-based user interfaces, and ultimately the branding, which market these new digital objects, are building powerful discourses around the product. Thus it is suggested that the design process of the iBog case can be understood in a model of database-based publishing with multiple levels. In the final analysis, the iBog is much more than a product and a technology. It is a brand that goes beyond what can be studied by looking at the digital textbook as a singular artefact.
Publishing between profit and public value: Academic books and open access policies in the United Kingdom
Authors: Brienza Casey
Published: September 2015

Since Cambridge University mathematician Timothy Gower’s public boycott of Elsevier kicked off the so-called ‘academic spring’ in 2012, activist calls for open access academic publishing and the expansion of the scholarly knowledge commons through new digital technologies have only intensified. These have had direct, dramatic and fast-evolving impacts upon governmental policy, as well as debates about the public value of research, in the United Kingdom. However, the bulk of the attention in this context thus far has been given to journal articles and academic publishing companies like Elsevier that specialize in periodicals. Comparatively little attention has been given to the effects of these open access policies and discourses upon academic books and their publishers, even though the largest university press in the world, Oxford University Press, and the largest higher education textbook publisher, Pearson, are both UK based. This article, therefore, will explore how, precisely, the open access movement in the United Kingdom is affecting academic book publishing, with potentially global consequences. I begin by tracing the contemporary origins of open access back to open source software initiatives and exploring their recent impact upon Research Councils UK (RCUK) and Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) policies. Then, I look at open access initiatives and other strategies in response to shifts in policy and public discourse within the two overlapping yet distinct fields of academic book publishing, (1) scholarly book publishing and (2) higher education textbook publishing, and find unintended consequences potentially resulting in less openness and equitable access to knowledge production and consumption. Ultimately, I will contend, the open access movement in the United Kingdom risks further concentrating control of academic book publishing within a few powerful institutions, such as well-endowed elite universities and those businesses whose profits rely upon managing, manipulating and repackaging the information freely available in the digital age.
The accidental avant-garde: Audiobook technologies and publishing strategies from cassette tapes to online streaming services
Authors: Colbjørnsen Terje
Published: September 2015

While the transformation of the traditionally print-based book industries to digital and multi-format publishing industries is the subject of much debate, the audiobook industry has largely escaped attention. In a sense, this is curious, given the fact that audiobook publishers have been at the forefront of the technological transformation of the book industry from reel-to-reel tapes and long-playing records all the way into the digital era. All the while, audiobook publishing has never been entirely integrated into the publishing world at large and has somewhat remained an outsider industry, often seen to cater for niche markets. In this article I argue that traditional book publishers venturing into digital publishing can learn from successes and failures in the history of audiobook innovations. Basing the discussion in theories of cultural production and innovation, the article explores the interplay between technology and publishing strategy by way of analysing audiobook technologies from 1980 to 2012 in light of industry and technology developments in the book industry in general, with specific attention to the Norwegian audiobook market, where four case studies of publishers and service providers are analysed. The central issue in the article is how and to what extent the development of audiobook publishing technologies is indicative of technology development in the book industries in general.
Recreating and Materializing Social Differences through Patina-oriented Consumption: The Post-socialist Ownership History of a Second-hand, Luxury Commodity
Authors: Berta Péter
Published: September 2015

The study examines the post-socialist ownership history of an extremely valuable Gabor Roma prestige object: a silver-footed beaker. The resulting object biography sheds light on the role of the prestige economy constructed around silver objects in the creation, materialization, and renegotiation of social differences among the Gabor Roma in Romania. The analysis also reveals that this economy is a contemporary, second-hand culture based on patina-oriented consumption, similar to other economies of inalienable possessions (family heirlooms, etc.) or communities of competing collectors specializing in personal belongings of celebrities. The object biography further demonstrates how the second-handedness and ownership history of silver prestige objects are constructed through various ideologies and practices (sale, inheritance, economic brokerage, proprietary contests, etc.). Finally, the study makes a detailed comparison of the patina-oriented versus the fashion or novelty-oriented prestige goods popular among the Gabor Roma. The two can be distinguished from each other primarily by the different meanings and values associated with the ownership histories outlined in the introduction.
Documenting and Revitalizing Kiowa Knowledge: Material Culture Studies and Community Engagement
Authors: Jordan Michael Paul
Published: September 2015

This project report describes a research visit by a delegation from the Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma to the National Museum of Natural History, the National Anthropological Archives, and the National Museum of the American Indian. The Smithsonian Institution’s Recovering Voices program sponsored the visit and provided a Community Research Grant to fund the endeavor. The report summarizes the research team’s activities and outlines their efforts to incorporate information gleaned during the visit into programming for members of the Kiowa community.
Treasured Possessions: Indigenous Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property (Geismar)
Authors: Gershon Ilana
Published: September 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Treasured Possessions: Indigenous Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property by Haidy Geismar.
Creating Aztlán: Chicano Art, Indigenous Sovereignty, and Lowriding Across Turtle Island (Miner)
Authors: Chappell Ben
Published: September 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Creating Aztlán: Chicano Art, Indigenous Sovereignty, and Lowriding Across Turtle Island by Dylan A. T. Miner.
Vernacular Architecture: Towards a Sustainable Future (Mileto, Vegas, Garcia, and Cristini, eds.)
Authors: Small Nora Pat
Published: September 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Vernacular Architecture: Towards a Sustainable Future edited by C. Mileto, F. Vegas, L. Garcia, and V. Cristini
The Lienzo of Tlapiltepec: A Painted History from the Northern Mixteca (Brownstone, ed.)
Authors: Monaghan John
Published: September 2015

This work is a book review considering the title The Lienzo of Tlapiltepec: A Painted History from the Northern Mixteca edited by Arni Brownstone with contributions by Nicholas Johnson and Bas van Doesburg. Forward by Elizabeth Hill Boone.
Anthropology and Art Practice (Schneider and Wright, eds.)
Authors: Derderian Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Anthropology and Art Practice edited by Arnd Schneider and Christopher Wright.
Creating Old World Wisconsin: The Struggle to Build an Outdoor History Museum of Ethnic Architecture (Krugler)
Authors: Rosenthal Ellen M.
Published: September 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Creating Old World Wisconsin: The Struggle to Build an Outdoor History Museum of Ethnic Architecture by John D. Krugler.
Nature and Antiquities: The Making of Archaeology in the Americas (Kohl, Podgorny, and Gänger, eds.)
Authors: Smith Michael E.
Published: September 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Nature and Antiquities: The Making of Archaeology in the Americas edited by Philip L. Kohl, Irina Podgorny, and Stefanie Gänger.
Unconventional and Unexpected: American Quilts Below the Radar 1950-2000 (Kiracofe)
Authors: Klassen Teri
Published: September 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Unconventional and Unexpected: American Quilts Below the Radar 1950-2000 by Roderick Kiracofe.
Melanesia: Art and Encounter (Bolton, Thomas, Bonshek, Adams, and Burt, eds.)
Authors: Welsch Robert L.
Published: September 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Melanesia: Art and Encounter edited by Lissant Bolton, Nicholas Thomas, Elizabeth Bonshek, Julie Adams, and Ben Burt.
Математические модели нелинейных продольно-поперечных колебаний объектов с движущимися границами
Authors: Анисимов Валерий Николаевич , Anisimov Valeriy Nikolaevich , Литвинов Владислав Львович , Litvinov Vladislav Lvovich
Published: September 2015

Произведены нелинейные постановки задач, описывающих продольно-поперечные колебания объектов с движущимися границами. Полученные математические модели состоят из системы двух нелинейных дифференциальных уравнений в частных производных с наибольшей производной по времени второго порядка и по пространственной переменной - четвeртого порядка. Нелинейные условия на движущейся границе имеют максимальную производную по времени второго порядка и по пространственной переменной третьего порядка. Учтены геометрическая нелинейность, вязкоупругость, изгибная жeсткость колеблющегося объекта, а также упругость подложки, на которой расположен объект. Получены граничные условия в случае наличия энергетического обмена между частями объекта слева и справа от движущейся границы. Движущаяся граница имеет присоединeнную массу. Учтeн упругий характер присоединения границы. С помощью полученной математической модели описываются продольно-поперечные колебания большой интенсивности объектов с движущимися границами. При получении математических моделей использован вариационный принцип Гамильтона.
Задача Валле Пуссена в ядре оператора свертки на полуплоскости
Authors: Напалков Валентин Васильевич , Napalkov Valentin Vasil'evich , Зименс Карина Раисовна , Zimens Karina
Published: September 2015

Рассматривается многоточечная задача Валле Пуссена (интерполяционная задача) на полуплоскости $D$, $D=z : \mathop{\mathrm{Re}} z<\alpha,$ $ \alpha>0\}$. Пусть $\psi(z)\in H(D)$; $\mu_1$, $\mu_2$, $\ldots \in D$ - положительные нулевые точки этой функции и их предел лежит на границе $D$. Предположим, что $\mu_k$ имеют кратность $s_k$, $k=1, 2, …$. Пусть $M_{\varphi}$ - оператор свертки с характеристической функцией $\varphi(z).$ Рассмотрим произвольную последовательность комплексных чисел $a_{kj},$ $j=0, 1, $ $\ldots, s_k-1$. Существует ли функция $u(z) \in \mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}M_\varphi$ такая, что $u^{(j)}(\mu_{k})=a_{kj},$ $j=0, 1,…,s_k-1$? Предполагается, что характеристическая функция оператора имеет вполне регулярный рост. Получены условия разрешимости многоточечной задачи Валле Пуссена на полуплоскости. Также получены условия разрешимости поставленной задачи и на ограниченных выпуклых областях.
Сверхтонкая структура ионов мюонного лития
Authors: Мартыненко Алексей Петрович , Martynenko Alexey Petrovich , Улыбин Александр Александрович , Ulybin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2015

В рамках метода теории возмущений по постоянной тонкой структуры и отношению масс электрона и мюона вычислены поправки на отдачу порядков $\alpha^4 \frac{M_e}{M_\mu}$, $\alpha^4 (\frac{M_e}{M_\mu})^2\ln\frac{M_e}{M_\mu}$,
$\alpha^4 (\frac{M_e}{M_\mu})^2$, $\alpha^5\frac{m_e}{m_\mu}\ln\frac{m_e}{m_\mu}$ и релятивисткие поправки порядка $\alpha^6$ в сверхтонкой структуре основного состояния ионов мюонного лития $(\mu e ^6_3\mathrm{Li})^{+}$ и $(\mu e ^7_3\mathrm{Li})^{+}$.
Получены значения малых интервалов сверхтонких расщеплений:
$\Delta\nu_1=14153.03$ МГц и $\Delta\nu_2=21571.26$ МГц в $({\mu e ^6_3\mathrm{Li})^+}$,
${\Delta\nu_1=13991.97}$ МГц и $\Delta\nu_2=21735.03$ МГц в $(\mu e ^7_3\mathrm{Li})^+$,
которые можно рассматривать как надeжный ориентир при сравнении с будущими экспериментальными данными.
Ортогональная система Франклина и ортогональная система финитных функций
в численных методах решения краевых задач
Authors: Леонтьев Виктор Леонтьевич , Leontev Victor Leontevich
Published: September 2015

Возможности классических рядов Фурье, связанных с тригонометрическими функциями, существенно ограничены в двумерных и трехмерных краевых задачах. Граничные условия таких краевых задач для областей с криволинейными границами часто не удается выполнить при использовании классических рядов Фурье. Решение этой проблемы дает использование ортогональных финитных базисных функций. Однако ортогональные базисные функции Хаара не являются непрерывными. Ортогональные вейвлеты Добеши имеют компактные носители, но не записываются в аналитической форме и имеют низкую гладкость. Непрерывные финитные функции Фабера-Шаудера не являются ортогональными. Ортогональные непрерывные функции Франклина не являются финитными. Здесь установлена связь ортогональной системы функций Франклина с последовательностью сеточных наборов кусочно-линейных ортогональных финитных базисных функций (ОФФ). Сформирован ряд Фурье-ОФФ на основе таких непрерывных ОФФ, который позволяет выполнять граничные условия типа Дирихле на криволинейных границах в рамках интегральных постановок краевых задач. Аналогичная проблема, связанная с удовлетворением граничных условий типа Неймана, также устраняется при дополнительном использовании смешанных интегральных постановок краевых задач. Ряд Фурье-ОФФ повышает эффективность смешанных численных методов решения краевых задач.
Post-formalist explanation of academic achievement: Exploring the contribution of John Ogbu and Joe Kincheloe
Authors: Sinha Chetan
Published: September 2015

The present paper attempts to interrogate the existing approach to understand academic achievement in the mainstream educational psychology. The paper explores the persistent question of “why academic achievement gap” in the modern society from the cultural ecological and postformalist framework of John Ogbu and Joe Kincheloe respectively. As mainstream educational psychology limits its scope in the narrowed individualistic lens, paper suggests that dominant identity based curriculum, pedagogy and knowledge may concretize the psychological categories unless revolutionary efforts are made to transcend the boundaries. Thus, paper adopts critical interdisciplinary framework, rejecting positivistic metatheory as an only relevant approach in educational psychology.
Interaction between larval α-amylase of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and proteinaceous extracts from plant seeds
Authors: Esmaeily Mojtaba , Bandani Ali Reza
Published: September 2015

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the most destructive pest of solanaceae and it prefers tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a wide range of seed proteinaceous extracts from different plant families against T. absoluta α-amylase activity. The effect of pH on the inhibitory activity of seed extracts showed that seed extracts of amaranth along with a wheat cultivar (Alvand, Aflak, Sarvdasht, Alborz, and Kavir) produced more than a 50% inhibition of the insect amylase. Aflak wheat seed extract at 10 μg, inhibited 81% of the insect amylase. This percent was the highest inhibition achieved. The other proteinaceous seed extracts had a lower effect on the enzymatic activity. Probit analysis showed that Aflak, Kavir, Alborz, Alvand, Sarvdasht, and amaranth inhibited the amylase activity with an I50 of 1.94, 3.24, 3.46, 3.31, 4.97, and 15.39 μg, respectively. The effect of pH on the inhibition of the α-amylase showed the highest inhibition of Amaranth and wheat, at a pH value of 8.0, which corresponds to the pH of the insect’s gut. Gel electrophoresis assays confirmed the spectrophotometric assays showing that the α-amylase of the insect gut was affected by the presence of the seed extracts. In the gel assay, a high concentration (14 μg protein) of amaranth proteinaceous seed extract greatly decreased the intensity of the α-amylase band. A high concentration of the Aflak wheat cultivar (10 μg protein) caused the disappearance of the amylase band in the gel. Thus, it is concluded that the physiochemical environment of the insect gut affects the interaction between digestive α-amylase and the metabolites. The experiments showed that seed proteinaceous extracts from non-host plant species, produced more inhibition of the insect amylase when compared to the host plant species. It appears that with evolution, adaptation took place so that insect/s could overcome the plant metabolites.
Fungal communities in barren forest soil after amendment with different wood substrates and their possible effects on trees’, pathogens, insects and nematodes
Authors: Małecka Monika , Kwaśna Hanna , Szewczyk Wojciech
Published: September 2015

Scots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers had been spread over the surface of barren forest soil before planting with Scots pine. The effects of the Scots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers on the abundance and diversity of culturable fungi were investigated. The amendments were aimed at increasing the soil suppressiveness toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.The classical soil-dilution method was chosen for qualitative and quantitative analyses of fungal communities in soils because of its proven reliability and consistency. The soil was inhabited by saprotrophic fungi from Ascomycota and Zygomycota, including species known to be potential antagonists ofArmillariaorH. annosum(i.e.Clonostachys + Trichodermaspp.,Penicillium commune, P. daleae,P. janczewskii) or stimulants ofArmillaria(i.e.Pseudogymnoascus roseus,Trichocladium opacum). Eleven years after treatment, the abundance and diversity of fungi, the abundance ofP. commune, and locally the abundance ofP. janczewskiiincreased, whileClonostachys + Trichodermaspp., and locally,P. daleaeandT. opacumdecreased. Amending the barren soil with organic matter does not guarantee effective, long-term suppressiveness of the sandy loam soil toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.Increased abundance of entomopathogenic and nematophagous species, 11 years after treatment, does suggest the long-term possibility of insect or nematode control in soil.
Comparative study to determine food consumption of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, on some cotton genotypes
Authors: Khedr Mohamad Ahmad , AL-Shannaf Hatem Mohamed , Mead Hala Mohamed , Shaker Shaker Abd El-Aziz
Published: September 2015

A study was done on the feeding behaviour, development indices, and biochemical response of 4th instar larvae ofSpodoptera littoralisin which seven cotton genotypes were used: Giza86, Giza88, Giza92, 10229 × Giza 86, H10, Suvin, and Karshenseki. Castor bean leaves were used as the control. All the tested cotton genotypes decreased the feeding behavior ofS. littoralislarvae in terms of consumption percentages, consumption rate (CR), growth rates (GR), efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food (ECI and ECD), approximate digestibility (AD), and feeding deterrence (FDI) compared to the control. Additionally, all the tested cotton varieties prolonged the time taken for larval and pupal duration and reduced both the pupation percentages and the weight of the resulting pupae, as compared to the control. Giza86 recorded the lowest values of both larval growth index and fitness (7.31 and 1.05, respectively) while the genotype Suvin recorded the lowest standardised growth index (0.020) more than other genotypes and the control that gave 10.16, 1.53, and 0.032, respectively. There was a significant inhibition in the level of both total soluble protein and total lipids, and activities of amylase and the trehalase enzymes in all the tested varieties, compared to that found in the control.
The Technological Evaluation of Sourdoughs Prepared in Different Conditions
Authors: Ognean Claudia Felicia
Published: September 2015

The use of sourdough in bread production lead to development of safe, healthy and more palatable product and also contribute to the sustainability of breadmaking through low demands for additives and preservatives. Sourdoughs type I were obtained with different flour: water ratio: 1:0.6; 1:1; 1:2 and 1:3 and different refreshment ratio 1:3 and 1:4. The sourdough were evaluated for theirs pH, Total Titratable Acidity (TTA), lactic and acetic contents, gas production power. The use of low water level induce a higher TTA and pH but the yield of acid production was more favourable for the sourdough with higher water content. The higher water content was favourable to formation of lactic acid and induced a better lactic: acetic acid ratio, 15.5 which was by far superior to the 6.5 ratio obtained in the driest dough. The more liquid sourdough had a better ability to produce gases. Flour : water ratio 1:2 are recommended to obtain high quality sourdough, with a better smell and taste, with a high yield, easy to handle and using relative low spaces. Refreshment ratio 1:4 delivery comparable results with 1:3 refreshment ratio and implies lower volumes for fermentations.
Effect of substrate temperature on structural and optical properties of spray deposited ZnO thin films
Authors: Larbah Y. , Adnane M. , Sahraoui T.
Published: September 2015

Undoped ZnO thin films have been prepared on glass substrates at different substrate temperatures by spray pyrolysis method. The effect of temperature on the structural, morphological and optical properties of n-type ZnO films was studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the ZnO thin films were polycrystalline with wurtzite structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements showed that the surface morphology of the films changed with temperature. The studies demonstrated that the ZnO film had a transmission of about 85 % and energy gap of 3.28 eV at 450 °C. The RBS measurements revealed that ZnO layers with a thickness up to 200 nm had a good stoichiometry.
Growth and characterization of NLO crystal: L-leucine phthalic acid potassium iodide
Authors: Jagadeesh M.R. , Kumar H .M. Suresh , Kumari R. Ananda
Published: September 2015

A new semi-organic non linear optical crystal, L-leucine phthalic acid potassium iodide (LLPPI) has been grown from an aqueous solution by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were subjected to different characterizations, such as single crystal XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis, TGA, SEM, EDAX, micro hardness, dielectric and powder SHG. Single crystal structure was determined from X-ray diffraction data and it revealed that the crystal belongs to triclinic system with the space group P1. The vibrational frequencies of various functional groups were derived from FT-IR spectrum. Thermal stability of the grown crystal was investigated by TG-DTA studies and it was observed that the crystal was thermally stable up to 192 °C. Optical absorption study was carried out and a good transparency in the entire visible region was observed at the lower cutoff wavelength of 227 nm. Dielectric study was performed as a function of frequency and normal dielectric behavior was observed. The micro hardness test was carried out and the load dependent hardness was measured. Kurtz powder method was employed to explore the NLO characteristics of the grown crystal.
CVD carbon powders modified by ball milling
Authors: Kazmierczak Tomasz , Kaczorowski Witold , Niedzielski Piotr
Published: September 2015

Carbon powders produced using a plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods are an interesting subject of research. One of the most interesting methods of synthesizing these powders is using radio frequency plasma. This method, originally used in deposition of carbon films containing different sp2/sp3 ratios, also makes possible to produce carbon structures in the form of powder. Results of research related to the mechanical modification of these powders have been presented. The powders were modified using a planetary ball mill with varying parameters, such as milling speed, time, ball/powder mass ratio and additional liquids. Changes in morphology and particle sizes were measured using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Phase composition was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The influence of individual parameters on the modification outcome was estimated using statistical method. The research proved that the size of obtained powders is mostly influenced by the milling speed and the amount of balls. Powders tend to form conglomerates sized up to hundreds of micrometers. Additionally, it is possible to obtain nanopowders with the size around 100 nm. Furthermore, application of additional liquid, i.e. water in the process reduces the graphitization of the powder, which takes place during dry milling.