bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Red Cell Indices for Screening of Hereditary Spherocytosis in Neonates: A Report of Two Cases Confirmed by Exome Sequencing
Authors: Batthula Vinay , Basany Laxman , Chappidi Vaidehi Reddy , Priyanka Gandrakota Naga , Ali Abid
Published: November 2023

Prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia is defined as neonatal jaundice persisting beyond 14 days of life. Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) often remains underdiagnosed and is a notable cause of prolonged neonatal jaundice. Coombs negative haemolytic anaemias are an important cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, and HS is one of the most common inherited red cell membrane disorders. Other causes of prolonged unconjugated jaundice include extravasated blood (cephalhaematoma, bruises, intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants), haemolysis (blood group incompatibility, red blood cell enzymopathies, and membranopathies), urinary tract infection, congenital hypothyroidism, and rare familial disorders such as Gilbert’s syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndromes I and II. Herein, the authors present a case report of two male neonates (three week-old and 25dayold) who presented with hyperbilirubinaemia requiring intensive phototherapy, blood transfusion, an exchange transfusion, and were diagnosed with HS. A significant family history suggested haemolytic anaemia, and red cell indices, namely Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and the ratio of MCHC/MCV (neonatal HS index), helped suspect HS. Whole exome sequencing identified the specific mutation and confirmed the diagnosis of HS. Both of these neonates presented with prolonged neonatal jaundice, and HS was suspected based on the family history and red cell indices, namely MCHC and MCHC/MCV ratio, as highlighted in the present case series.
Paediatric Mandibular FractureAn Enigma of its Own: A Case Report
Authors: Khandelwal Pulkit , Saluja Harish , Shah Seemit , Dadhich Anuj
Published: November 2023

Mandibular fractures are very rare in the paediatric age group; however, they remain the most common maxillofacial trauma occurring in children. A paediatric mandibular fracture can cause severe pain and discomfort for the patient. Due to the complex anatomy of the developing mandible, such as the presence of permanent tooth buds and its small size, the treatment of mandibular fractures in the paediatric age group differs markedly from that in adults. Treatment of maxillofacial fractures in the paediatric population has always been a challenge for the operating surgeon. Different treatment modalities for managing paediatric mandibular fractures include closed reduction or surgical intervention. Open/closed cap splint provides closed reduction and stabilisation of paediatric mandibular fractures without any risk of damage to permanent tooth buds. It is more commonly preferred over Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of the fractures. However, for highly displaced fractures, ORIF is the preferred treatment. In the present case report, the author present and describe the management of a mandibular symphyseal and medial pole of the right condyle fracture in a seven-year-old patient. Since the bone fragments were highly displaced and occlusion was severely deranged with an anterior open bite, conservative treatment using a cap splint was not considered. ORIF was performed under general anaesthesia. At the oneyear follow-up, complete clinical and radiological bone healing was observed. Occlusion was satisfactory, and mouth opening was maintained. There was normal eruption of permanent teeth with no complications or delays associated with the eruption pattern.
Multiple Over-retained Deciduous Teeth: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Agarwal Nishu , Daigavane Pallavi
Published: November 2023

Over-retained deciduous teeth, characterised by the persistence of primary teeth beyond their expected exfoliation time, present a unique challenge in dental practice. The present case report documents a unique and intriguing clinical scenario involving a 20- year-old female patient undergoing orthodontic treatment for multiple over-retained deciduous teeth. While such occurrences are relatively uncommon in adult patients, the present case underscores the importance of early orthodontic intervention and vigilant monitoring of dental development. The patient presented with nine retained deciduous teeth in the mandibular arch. These retained primary teeth had persisted beyond the expected age, and their presence was causing malocclusion and aesthetic concerns. Treatment planning involved a multidisciplinary approach. Orthodontic goals focused on aligning the permanent dentition while addressing the retained deciduous teeth. Comprehensive orthodontic therapy was initiated with fixed appliances. The present report highlights the importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention to mitigate potential complications associated with overretained primary teeth in adult patients. The article discusses and focuses on the aetiology of why this type of occurrence can take place, various factors associated with it, the prevalence, and reports a rare type of case.
Accurate Estimation of Some Pharmaceutical Compounds Using HPLC Technology
Authors: Salih Qasim Mezban
Published: November 2023

For the assessment of different chemical components in pharmaceutical and biological samples, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) can be defined as a commonly utilized analytical method in pharmaceutical samples. HPLC offers high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, making it a preferred method for the analysis of complex samples. In this technique, the sample is prepared by extracting, purifying, and concentrating the target analyte from the matrix. Mobile and stationary phases are after that used in chromatographic separation of the prepared sample. Several detectors, including fluorescence, UV-vis, and mass spectrometry, are used to identify and measure the eluted compounds. HPLC is capable of estimating a wide range of elements, including small molecules, peptides, and proteins, making it an essential tool in pharmaceutical research and development. The theoretical plates, peak tailing, and % assay have not been significantly impacted by the deliberate alterations made to the method. This implies that the existing technique is robust. The low values of LOQ and LOD show how sensitive the suggested approach is. The current research used a standard drug solution with six replicates to examine the system suitability parameters. It was discovered that the computed parameters fell under the acceptable criteria. The theoretical plate count, tailing factor, and HETP parameters are all within acceptable ranges. The results of this work are compared with those of earlier research. Upon analyzing the chart, it can be inferred that the proposed method presents certain benefits. The investigation employed a Kromasil C18 column. The obtained retention time is comparatively lower than that of all other methodologies. The maximum quantifiable threshold is 600 μg/mL, surpassing or equating all of the aforementioned techniques. The duration of the execution is also minimal. Therefore, the author draws the conclusion that the HPLC method proposed exhibits sensitivity and reproducibility in analysis of etodolac and thiocolchicoside in combined tablet dosage form, while also requiring a short analysis time.
Situational Analysis of Food Security Status in Pakistan: A Review
Authors: Iftakhar Zahida , Abid Rizwan , Khan Usman Abid , Bibi Kainat , Gulsher Muhammad , Naeem Khizra , Mazhar Fatima , Ain Noor ul , Tashhir Aiman , Hassan Ali
Published: November 2023

Totally maintained Pakistan is basically free in food creation whether just 30% of its creation potential has been accomplished. The four mainstays of food security are accessibility, heartiness, access and use. Food security can be surveyed by calories to process out to allow per individual consistently. Family Food Delicacy Access Scale, checks the degree of food vulnerability in the family in the previous month on a discrete ordinal scale, Family Dietary Assortment Scale, measures the amount of different sustenance classes gobbled up over a specific reference period (24hrs/48hrs/7days), Family Hankering Scale - measures the experience of family food difficulty considering a lot of obvious reactions, got through a survey and summarized in a scale. Strategy for real life adaptations Record (CSI) - assesses family approaches to acting and rates them considering a lot of moved spread out behaviors. The reasoning for this investigation relies upon get-together data on a singular request: "What do you do when you really want more food, and need more money to buy food?" Pakistan's food vulnerability and craving situation is presumably going to decay in the viewpoint period, as financial and political crises are diminishing families' purchasing influence and ability to buy food and other essential items, it notes Office suggests the constraint of individuals or social occasions to reach their own decisions about what food assortments they eat, what food assortments they produce, how that food is made, dealt with, and coursed inside food structures, and their ability to partake in processes .Status of food security are Food usage ,Freedom ,Food lack and surplus, Un-got to piece of food There are numerous components which cause food shortcoming Desperation: Prosperity: Without sufficient calories and enhancements. Dry spells, floods, tempests and dry seasons cause food deficiencies.
The Effect of Giving Lamtoro Leaf Meal (Leucaena leucocephala) with Different Concentrations in Feed on the Growth and Survival Rate of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Haetami Kiki , Mukaromah Fadilatul , Andhikawati Aulia , Herman Roffi Grandiosa
Published: November 2023

This research aims to determine the effect of adding Lamtoro leaf flour to feed at different levels on the growth and survival of Tilapia. The test fish seeds used were relatively the same, namely approximately ± 5-8 cm, obtained from one of the members of the fish cultivator group in Kertayasa Village, Pangandaran. The containers used in this research were 12 with a net size of 1x1x1m3. The density of Tilapia seeds during the research was 20 fish/plot with the amount of feed provided being 5% of the fish biomass. The method used in this research was an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used were (A) without giving Lamtoro leaf flour (control), (B) giving 5% Lamtoro leaf flour, (C) giving 10% Lamtoro leaf flour and (D) giving 15% Lamtoro leaf flour. This research was carried out for 40 days starting in May-June 2023, taking place in Kertayasa Village, Cijulang District, Pangandaran Regency. Parameters observed included absolute weight growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR). The results showed that giving Lamtoro leaf flour to feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) on absolute weight growth with the highest treatment being treatment C (10% Lamtoro leaf flour) at 20 g, but no significant effect (P>0.05) to the value of feed conversion ratio and survival rate.
Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma, an Unusual Localization in an Asymptomatic Patient with Lieberkühn Type Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum: A Case Report
Authors: Njie M. , Toukami Y. , Mulendele P. M. , Charif H. , Haboub  , Arous S. , Benouna G. M. , Drighil A. , Habbal R.
Published: November 2023

Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma is histologically a benign endocardial neoplasm. Though CPF has long been reported as the second most common primary cardiac neoplasm, it has since been pulled ahead of cardiac myxomas, largely due to evolving cardiac imaging modalities. We present a case of CPF originating from an unusual localization; the junction of the posterior mitral valve and endocardium of the left ventricle measuring 15 x 20mm, which was detected by a routine pre-evaluation transthoracic echocardiography before chemotherapy and treated by surgical mass excision in an asymptomatic female patient diagnosed with a Lieberkühn type adenocarcinoma of the rectum with a locoregional extension.
Studies on Potassium Fractions in Central and Southern Dry Zones of Coconut Growing Areas of Hassan District of Karnataka, India
Authors: Shetty Gagan B. , Channakeshava S.  , Naveen D. V.  , Srinivasan R.  , Jayadeva H. M.  , Nataraja A.
Published: November 2023

The experiment was conducted in an order to get an insight about the potassium (K) fractions in Central and Southern dry zone of coconut growing areas of Hassan district, Karnataka during 2022-23. The soil samples from surface (0-30 cm) and sub-surface (30-60 cm) were collected from the soils of selected coconut gardens of Central and Southern dry zones of Hassan district for the study. Results revealed that the average water soluble K, hot water soluble K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K, lattice K and total K in surface soils of coconut gardens of Central dry zone of Hassan district registered was 2.76, 9.25, 54.65, 555.35, 5896.00 and 6509.00 mg kg-1, respectively. Whereas the above potassium fractions in sub-surface soil recorded were 2.67, 7.70, 47.36, 699.66, 7282.00 and 8032.00 mg kg-1, respectively. The various forms of potassium in surface soils of Southern dry zone revealed that water soluble K, hot water-soluble K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K, lattice K and total K was 2.87, 8.85, 53.51, 546.61, 5603.00 and 6206.00 mg kg-1, respectively. Whereas the above potassium fractions in sub-surface soil recorded were 2.21, 7.20, 45.21, 709.20, 7431.00 and 8188.00 mg kg-1, respectively. The trend of decrease in water soluble K and exchangeable K from surface to sub-surface layers was noticed in soils of Central and Southern dry zone whereas non-exchangeable K, lattice K and total K exhibited an increasing trend with depth. The contribution of each form of potassium to total potassium was in the order of water soluble < hot water-soluble K< exchangeable < non-exchangeable < lattice K. Knowledge of different forms of potassium in soil together with their distribution has greater relevance in assessing the long-term K supplying power of soil to coconut palm and is important in formulating a sound fertilizer program for a given set of soil.
Assessment of Nutrient Status in the Cassava Growing Tracts of Southern Laterites (Agro Ecological Unit 8), Kerala, India
Authors: Aparna R. A. , Rajasree G. , Pillai P. Shalini , Isaac Sheeba Rebecca , Stephen Roy , Aparna B. , Gopinath Pratheesh P.
Published: November 2023

As part of the study, a survey was conducted to identify the soil fertility constraints of cassava growing tracts of AEU 8, Thiruvananthapuram, which is one of the major cassava growing regions of the State of Kerala in peninsular India. The method of sampling of the survey was random sampling wherein a random sample of size one was taken from each of 50 ha cassava area. Panchayat wise soil samples were collected (77 samples) by geo referenced soil sampling method from major cassava growing areas of the unit. The samples are analyzed for the soil fertility parameters following standard analytical procedures. Results indicated that the soil was very strongly acidic to strongly acidic, normal electrical conductivity, medium organic carbon, medium nitrogen and potassium, high phosphorus, sufficient calcium, sulphur, zinc and copper, deficient magnesium and boron.
Reproductive Traits of an Endangered Loach, Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora, 1922) in Kashmir Himalaya, India
Authors: Magloo Aadil Hussain , Bhat Farooz Ahmad , Shah Tasaduq Hussain , Abubakr Adnan , Shah Feroz Ahmad , Bhat Bilal Ahmad , Ahmad Hilal , Bazaz Asim Iqbal , Hamid Ishfaq
Published: November 2023

In this study, a total of 180 specimens of Triplophysa kashmirensis were studied. The total length of specimens varied from 54.85 mm to 130.17 mm for the weights 2.21 g and 21.03 g respectively. Maximum GSI (gonadosomatic index) value was demonstrated in the month of November with the peak value of 1.23 in males and 20.67 in females. The absolute fecundity varied from 561 to 11,386 eggs and relative fecundity from 914 to 1441 eggs per gram body weight. The average absolute fecundity recorded was 3,851.61 ± 266.61 whereas average relative fecundity was 418.45 ± 19.25 per gram body weight. The chi-square (χ 2) test indicated that there is significant difference (p≤0.05) between the Absolute fecundity in different months. The resultant average sex ratio, male: female was 1:0.8, indicating a significant dominance of males (p < 0.05). The length at first maturity (L50) for females of Triplophysa kashmirensis was estimated at 86 mm.
A Review on Protected Cultivation of Vegetables: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Dixit Pooshpendra Singh , Singh Ankit Kumar , Tripathi C. M. , Singh Raghvendra , Kumar Prabhat
Published: November 2023

Protected farming techniques are set of agricultural practices that are designed to produce a plant in a controlled environmental condition by using soil cover and / or crop covers to control pests and effect of climate. While a protected farming method can increase the productivity of vegetable crops as well as growth and yield. It is evident that protected farming has been found beneficial for farmers. In addition to its great importance, it challenges many biotic and abiotic factors such as photo-stress, water stress, heat stress, weed growth, soil nutrient deficiencies, high wind velocities and atmospheric carbon dioxide, pest and diseases. The various benefits of a protected vegetable crop are quality, profitability, and a good level of marketing for farmers. Protected cultivation is an imminent technique for raising vegetables, flowers and other high rated as well as consumable crops. In advance agriculture, protected structures held an excessive potential for more production with greater productivity. The chapter contains the status, challenges and opportunities of protected cultivation and related government schemes for horticultural plants in India especially Uttar Pradesh. It has been found that the cumulative area has been acquired under NHM-protected cultivation in India. Financial support or funding is also provided by the government agency to spread this methodology throughout the country. Recourses are used wisely in these structures because modern methods/techniques were applied.
Transforming Horticulture: The Influence of Nanotechnology on Crop Enhancement
Authors: Chaupoo Anu Seng , Dhakad Arti , Beese Shreedhar , Kumar Avdhesh , Kumar Prabhat , Pandey Shivam Kumar , Kurdekar Akshay Kumar
Published: November 2023

Nanotechnology, a field of science and engineering focused on manipulating matter at the nanoscale, has garnered significant attention for its transformative potential across various industries. At the nanometer level, materials exhibit unique properties and behaviors, making it possible to engineer novel solutions with precision and efficiency. Nanotechnology finds applications in diverse areas, from medicine and electronics to energy and environmental remediation. Its ability to create nanoscale structures, devices, and materials has led to groundbreaking innovations, such as drug delivery systems for targeted therapies, ultra-efficient solar cells, and advanced water purification technologies. However, the rapid development of nanotechnology also raises important ethical, safety, and regulatory considerations that require careful attention. As nanotechnology continues to advance, it promises to reshape industries, enhance scientific understanding, and address some of the world's most pressing challenges.
First Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus among Individuals with Febrile Illness in a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike , Omohwovo Ejovwokeoghene Joseph , Igwe Mary Uche , Iyam Solomon Offem , Okonko Blessing Jachinma , Onu Euslar Nnenna
Published: November 2023

Aims: West Nile Virus (WNV) infection can cause severe illness. Very little is known about the seroepidemiology of WNV infection in individuals with febrile illness in Nigeria and many other developing countries. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of WNV in individuals with febrile illness attending a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and to determine if there was an association between WNV infection with age and sex.

Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study

Place and Duration of Study: Port Harcourt in Rivers State, Nigeria from September 2019 to December 2019.

Methods: Human sera were obtained and WNV IgG was determined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique.

Results: Of the 90 study subjects tested, WNV IgG antibodies were present in 27 (30.0%) study participants while 63 (70.0%) study participants were seronegative for WNV IgG antibody. With age, a higher prevalence of WNV occurred among 61-70-year-olds (31.3%, n= 5) compared to 41-60 (30.8%, n= 12) and 20-40 (28.6%, n= 10). A higher prevalence of WNV IgG antibodies occurred in males (34.3%, n=12) than their female counterparts (30.9%, n=17). This study indicated that there is no association between WNV infection with age and sex.

Conclusion and Recommendations: These results show that WNV is circulating in Rivers State and has accounted for malaria-like infection in the region. It is recommended that WNV serological testing for malaria-infected individuals should be included as a routine test since they are most likely to present similar symptoms of WNV fever. Also, proper hygiene which includes eliminating mosquito breeding sites is recommended to mitigate the spread of West Nile Virus infection.
Molecular Characterization of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Glomerella cingulata) Causing Mango Anthracnose Disease
Authors: Jayaprakash, K.  , Prabakar, K.  , Karthikeyan, G.  , Gnanam, R.  , Kavitha., C.  , Sendhilvel., V.
Published: November 2023

Mango production in Tamil Nadu is known to be adversely affected by C. gloeosporioides in both field and post harvest stage of crop and drastically reduces market and edible value of fruit. To manage the disease it is essential to learn about the nature of pathogen and its way of interaction with host and its survival ability in environment. Hence a study has been carried out on Isolation of fungal pathogen was done using PDA medium in order to identify the disease's causative agent and its variation in morphology and colony characters. A total of twenty-four C. gloeosporioides isolates were obtained from various Tamil Nadu mango cultiavting areas of Tamil Nadu. The isolates were identified morphologically and molecularly. The microscopic features such as conidia shape and size were used to identify C. gloeosporioides. The CTAB technique was employed to extract the DNA from the isolates of C. gloeosporioides. A total of 24 isolates were subjected to ITS (Inter Transcribed Spacer) of 18s ribosomal RNA amplification; all of these isolates exhibited amplified products with a size range of 560 bp, indicating that they were fungal pathogen. The MkCgF and MkCgR PCR primer combination was unique to the ITS region of C. gloeosporioides species. It has been confirmed that all 24 of the C. gloeosporioides isolates are really C. gloeosporioides by amplifying the predicted size of 380 bp.
Experimental Studies of Genetic Divergence in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Authors: Saroj Ravi , Mishra D. P. , Maurya Hareesh Kumar , Singh Himanshu , Singh Jayshree
Published: November 2023

Research work on genetic divergence, analysis was estimated in 62 genotypes of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) grown in an Augmented Block Design during (Ravi) Summer season of 2019-20 at the Main Experiment Station of the Department of Vegetable Science Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya. The objective of this study was to characterize morphological differences and yield related traits among 62 coriander genotypes. The estimation of genetic diversity among tested genotypes was highly significant, which got grouped into 10 clusters with cluster I comprising maximum genotypes. Cluster X (94.18) were observed as a maximum intra cluster distance pursued by cluster IV (74.26), cluster III (67.45), cluster II (64.43), cluster I (35.72). Similarly Inter-cluster distance maximum value was found between cluster IV with cluster X (575.40) were pursued by cluster VII with cluster X (429.75), cluster II with cluster X (345.80). Although maximum cluster means for seed yield traits was recorded for VII and VI respectively, suggestion a wide range of diversity among most of the economic traits that would enable breeder to identify the genotypes with suitable traits should be used in direct selection and improvement also a programme according genetic divergence bases. 62 accession showed distinguished variation in the dendrogram for all the studied parameters.
A Review on Eco-Friendly Pesticides and Their Rising Importance in Sustainable Plant Protection Practices
Authors: Verma Neelendra Singh , Kuldeep Dinesh Kumar , Chouhan Monika , Prajapati Rajkumar , Singh Satish Kumar
Published: November 2023

The increasing environmental and health concerns associated with conventional pesticides have catalyzed a significant shift toward the development and application of eco-friendly pesticides within the agricultural sector. It proceeds to trace the historical transition from chemical-based to eco-friendly pest control methods, outlining key milestones and driving forces behind this shift. A diverse range of eco-friendly pesticides, including biological, botanical, and mineral types, are then explored, with an emphasis on their unique modes of action and comparative efficacy to synthetic alternatives. It also addresses the multitude of benefits these pesticides present, from reducing environmental contamination and preserving biodiversity to offering economic advantages and enhancing public health and safety. Case studies illustrating successful implementation across various climates and crops underscore the practicality and adaptability of eco-friendly pesticides. It also critically assesses the challenges that currently hinder broader adoption, including questions regarding efficacy, economic and regulatory hurdles, and logistical constraints. It then projects into the future, speculating on innovative research directions, policy initiatives, and educational strategies that could support the growth and integration of eco-friendly pesticides into mainstream agriculture. The potential for nanotechnology and genetic engineering to revolutionize pesticide application and crop resistance is particularly highlighted, along with anticipated developments in global policies and regulatory frameworks. It also offers targeted policy recommendations to support the research and development of eco-friendly pesticides and best practices for their integration into farming and agribusiness operations, emphasizing the importance of IPM and collaborative knowledge-sharing networks. The synthesis of current knowledge with future perspectives provides valuable insights for stakeholders across the agricultural sector, advocating for informed decisions and strategic actions that align with environmental sustainability and human health objectives. Through such multidimensional analysis, the review articulates a clear vision for the role of eco-friendly pesticides in the evolution of sustainable agricultural systems.
Design and Development of a Manually Operated Pull-Type Three-Row Dibble Wheel for Efficient Agricultural Planting
Authors: Lokesh M. , Anusha M.
Published: November 2023

This research introduces a novel pull-type three-row dibble wheel designed to improve agricultural planting efficiency. The dibble wheel's primary purpose is to create evenly spaced holes in the soil for precise seed placement, reducing the labor-intensive manual hole digging process. Ergonomic features are incorporated to reduce operator fatigue. Performance evaluation involved key metrics, including effective field capacity (EFC), field efficiency (FE), cost of operation (COP), and cost savings (SC), compared to the traditional planting method (TM). Three dibble methods were assessed: single-row seated dibbling (SE), single-row standing dibbling (ST), and the three-row dibble wheel (DW). Results demonstrated significant improvements in EFC, FE, COP, and SC for SE, ST, and DW compared to TM. Specific measurements for dibble diameter, depth, and intra-dibble spacing were consistent. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in intra-dibble spacing, effective field capacity, and field efficiency among dibbling methods at p=0.01, while no distinctions were found in hole diameter and depth. In conclusion, the three-row manually operated dibble wheel significantly reduces planting time and labor, ensuring precise seed placement. It offers advantages in field capacity, field efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and cost savings, making it suitable for small and marginal farmers as an improvement over traditional methods.
Soursop Leaf and Pumpkin Pulp Diets Concerning Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Blood Profile of Goats
Authors: Okoruwa M. I. , Aidelomon E. O. , Ikhimioya I.
Published: November 2023

Assessed growth performance, nutrient utilization and blood constituents of goats fed diets containing fluted pumpkin pulp and different proportions of soursop leaf powder. We used twenty- four West African dwarf female goats of about 7 to 8 months old and 7.00 ± 0.15kg. They were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with three replicates of two goats. The compared diets contained; 6% dried fluted pumpkin pulp without soursop leaf powder (control, PPM1), 6% dried fluted pumpkin pulp with 2% soursop leaf powder (SLP2), 6% dried fluted pumpkin pulp with 2.5% soursop leaf powder (SLO3) and 6% dried fluted pumpkin pulp with 3% soursop leaf powder (SLW4). The results showed that diet PPM1was significantly (P<0.05) higher in feed conversion ratio, digestibility of ether extract, gross energy intake, total nitrogen and energy output, creatinine, urea, serum enzymes, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. SLOP3  revealed significantly (P<0.05)  better in final, total & daily body weight gain ,dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber digestibility, nitrogen retention, digestible and metabolizable energy, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red and white blood cells, serum total protein, albumin, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein.  Feed and nitrogen intake as well as triglycerides indicated significant (P<0.05) higher values in SLW4.  Using 6% dried fluted pumpkin pulp with 2.5 or 3% soursop leaf powder in diets enhanced nutrient utilization for better performance and health status of goats.
Determinants of Industrial Automation Adoption in Bangladesh’s Manufacturing: An Empirical Study
Authors: Islam Mohammad Mohidul
Published: November 2023

This study analyzes the potential factors that determine the adoption of industrial automation in the manufacturing industry in Bangladesh using modern time series econometric methodologies from 1991 to 2022. The empirical results indicate that the production volume is a potential determinant of automation adoption in the manufacturing sector. However, increasing per capita income levels may limit the adoption of automation. On the other hand, rapid industrial automation is expected to increase import volume while necessitating significant investment. This study suggests that although automation will improve export performance, further improving manufacturing export performance through product diversity is a prerequisite for an import-dependent economy, as frequent adoption of automation will result in increased import volume, and higher exports will help to stabilize the country’s trade imbalance. For responsible implementation of automation technology in Bangladesh, it is necessary to prioritize strategic planning, invest in education and training, and implement supportive policies. Collaboration between the government, businesses, and educational institutions is crucial to creating a favorable environment for adopting automation technologies. By doing so, Bangladesh can balance the challenges and opportunities for industrial automation utilization in manufacturing industries.
Modelling and Prediction of Water Quality Index of Selected Pond Water in Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Mbachu Frank C. , Nwaogazie Ify L.
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is the development of water quality models against water quality parameters from 5 selected ponds in Aboh-Mbaise local government area (LGA) of Imo state.

Water quality index (WQI) as dependent variable computed based on water quality parameters which were taken as independent variables and modelled as multiple linear regression. Given that there are over 25 water quality parameters (physiochemical, heavy metals and microbials), it was necessary to adopt factor reduction technique using principal component analysis. In this approach, 3 principal component factors were generated having corresponding factors (independent variables of 5, 6 and 5 respectively). The resulting multiple regression for the 3 principal component factors yielded Goodness of Fit of 92.9, 99.0 and 96.6% as well as root mean square error (RMSE) of 66.673, 0.672 and 51.968 respectively.

The model verification was accomplished by plotting the computed WQI against predicted values from the developed models and the best option was the one with 99.0% R2 value with the following independent variables-sulphate, TSS, phosphate, turbidity, total solid and nitrates.

The model output is relevant in WQI prediction given the applicable water quality characteristics.

This predictive model will find wide application in selecting water treatment options for pond water in the study area.
Effect of Temperature on the Radial Distribution Function of Atoms in the Silicate Glass 2sio2·PBO
Authors: Tursunov M. E. , Dekhkanov A. T. , Abdurakhmanov G.
Published: November 2023

In this article, results of investigation of the effect of temperature on radial distribution function of atoms in lead-silicate glass are reported. Radial distribution functions of atoms in the lead-silicate glass 2SiO2∙PbO were calculated via Mathematica 5.1 Wolfram Research from high-temperature X-ray diffraction patterns. It turned out that in the range of 773-973 K mainly variations of the location of atoms in the third coordination sphere have observed, while in the range of 973-1123 K, changes in the first and second coordination spheres take place.
Biomimetic Solar Photocatalytic Reactor for Selective Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols with Enhanced Solar‐Energy Utilization
Authors: Qin Jingjing , Li Jiahao , Chu Kaibin , Yang Guozheng , Zhang Leiqian , Xia Xuemeng , Xuan Pengyang , Chen Xin , Weng Bo , Huang Haowei , Chen Yujie , Fan Wei , Zhu YinBo , Wu HengAn , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi
Published: November 2023

Low utilization of solar energy remains a challenge that limits photocatalytic efficiency. To address this issue, this work proposes a bionic solar photocatalytic reactor (BSPR) for efficient selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols. A biomimetic phototropic hydrogel is prepared by coupling chlorine‐doped polypyrrole (Cl‐PPy) and poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) to maximize light‐harvesting efficiency automatically, allowing the BSPR to maintain high catalytic levels throughout the day. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to unveil the understanding of the fast photoresponsive behavior of Cl‐PPy/PNIPAm from a molecular level, while COMSOL simulations are conducted to follow the macroscopically phototropic mechanism of BSPR. Attributing to the existence of PdS/S vacancies riched ZnIn2S4 nanocomposite in the top flower‐shaped hydrogel, the BSPR displays a special function for efficiently photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols under solar illumination (yield of 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde: 479.5 µmol g−1 h−1; selectivity: 68.8%). Two possible reaction pathways are identified as follows: photogenerated holes can attract aromatic alcohols directly and generate aromatic aldehydes; photoexcited electrons oxidize O2 to ·O2− can also react with the adsorbed aromatic alcohol. This study presents a promising paradigm that explores opportunities for enhanced utilization of light energy, offering a novel approach to maximize its efficiency in practical applications.
Bridging the Gap—Thermofluidic Designs for Precision Bioelectronics
Authors: Ma Jingcheng , Majmudar Aman , Tian Bozhi
Published: November 2023

Bioelectronics, the merging of biology and electronics, can monitor and modulate biological behaviors across length and time scales with unprecedented capability. Current bioelectronics research largely focuses on devices’ mechanical properties and electronic designs. However, the thermofluidic control is often overlooked, which is noteworthy given the discipline's importance in almost all bioelectronics processes. It is believed that integrating thermofluidic designs into bioelectronics is essential to align device precision with the complexity of biofluids and biological structures. This perspective serves as a mini roadmap for researchers in both fields to introduce key principles, applications, and challenges in both bioelectronics and thermofluids domains. Important interdisciplinary opportunities for the development of future healthcare devices and precise bioelectronics will also be discussed.
Dietary restriction alters insulin signaling pathway in the brain
Authors: Todorovic Smilja , Simeunovic Valentina , Prvulovic Milica , Dakic Tamara , Jevdjovic Tanja , Sokanovic Srdjan , Kanazir Selma , Mladenovic Aleksandra
Published: November 2023

Insulin is known to be a key hormone in the regulation of peripheral glucose homeostasis, but beyond that, its effects on the brain are now undisputed. Impairments in insulin signaling in the brain, including changes in insulin levels, are thought to contribute significantly to declines in cognitive performance, especially during aging. As one of the most widely studied experimental interventions, dietary restriction (DR) is considered to delay the neurodegenerative processes associated with aging. Recently, however, data began to suggest that the onset and duration of a restrictive diet play a critical role in the putative beneficial outcome. Because the effects of DR on insulin signaling in the brain have been poorly studied, we decided to examine the effects of DR that differed in onset and duration: long‐term DR (LTDR), medium‐term DR (MTDR), and short‐term DR (STDR) on the expression of proteins involved in insulin signaling in the hippocampus of 18‐ and 24‐month‐old male Wistar rats. We found that DR‐induced changes in insulin levels in the brain may be independent of what happens in the periphery after restricted feeding. Significantly changed insulin content in the hippocampus, together with altered insulin signaling were found under the influence of DR, but the outcome was highly dependent on the onset and duration of DR.
A robust mRNA signature obtained via recursive ensemble feature selection predicts the responsiveness of omalizumab in moderate‐to‐severe asthma
Authors: Kidwai Sarah , Barbiero Pietro , Meijerman Irma , Tonda Alberto , Perez‐Pardo Paula , Lio ́ Pietro , van der Maitland‐Zee Anke H. , Oberski Daniel L. , Kraneveld Aletta D. , Lopez‐Rincon Alejandro
Published: November 2023

Background

Not being well controlled by therapy with inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting β2 agonist bronchodilators is a major concern for severe‐asthma patients. The current treatment option for these patients is the use of biologicals such as anti‐IgE treatment, omalizumab, as an add‐on therapy. Despite the accepted use of omalizumab, patients do not always benefit from it. Therefore, there is a need to identify reliable biomarkers as predictors of omalizumab response.

Methods

Two novel computational algorithms, machine‐learning based Recursive Ensemble Feature Selection (REFS) and rule‐based algorithm Logic Explainable Networks (LEN), were used on open accessible mRNA expression data from moderate‐to‐severe asthma patients to identify genes as predictors of omalizumab response.

Results

With REFS, the number of features was reduced from 28,402 genes to 5 genes while obtaining a cross‐validated accuracy of 0.975. The 5 responsiveness predictive genes encode the following proteins: Coiled‐coil domain‐ containing protein 113 (CCDC113), Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 8 (SLC26A), Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 3D (PPP1R3D), C‐Type lectin Domain Family 4 member C (CLEC4C) and LOC100131780 (not annotated). The LEN algorithm found 4 identical genes with REFS: CCDC113, SLC26A8 PPP1R3D and LOC100131780. Literature research showed that the 4 identified responsiveness predicting genes are associated with mucosal immunity, cell metabolism, and airway remodeling.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

Both computational methods show 4 identical genes as predictors of omalizumab response in moderate‐to‐severe asthma patients. The obtained high accuracy indicates that our approach has potential in clinical settings. Future studies in relevant cohort data should validate our computational approach.
Emission characteristics of semiconductor cathodes
Authors: Mimura Hidenori , Shimawaki Hidetaka , Yokoo Kuniyoshi
Published: November 2023

This paper describes emission characteristics of MOS (metal–oxide–semiconductor) electron tunneling cathodes and Si field emitters, and shows that their characteristics reflect the energy band structures of the semiconductor and the electron transport in an incorporated semiconductor device. In addition, it proposes hybrid electronics combining solid‐state device and vacuum device technologies, and shows that this approach provides highly efficient high‐frequency devices with coverage from the microwave to the optical wave regions. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(5): 1–9, 2001
LiNbO3 waveguide quasi‐phase‐matched sum‐frequency generation device for high‐efficiency optical sampling
Authors: Ishizuki Hideki , Fujimura Masatoshi , Suhara Toshiaki , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

A LiNbO3 waveguide quasi‐phase‐matched sum‐frequency generation (SFG) device is studied. From the design of the device and a study of the sampling characteristic, it is determined that picosecond optical sampling can be realized at high conversion efficiency. A device 5 mm long with a fan‐shaped polarization inversion grating is fabricated for optical sampling experiments. By using the sampling pulse light with a width of 25 ps obtained by gain‐switching operation of a laser diode, the waveform of the signal light at a wavelength of 1.5 μm is observed. Optical sampling at a normalized SFG conversion efficiency of 43%/W is realized. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(5): 29–36, 2001
Morphologically Distinct Sperm Subpopulations Defined by Fourier Shape Descriptors in Fresh Ejaculates Correlate With Variation in Boar Semen Quality Following Cryopreservation
Authors: THURSTON LISA M. , WATSON PAUL F. , MILEHAM ALAN J. , HOLT WILLIAM V.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: This study investigated two hypotheses: 1) that consistent between‐boar variation in frozen semen quality exists and is genetically determined, and 2) that morphologically distinct sub‐populations of spermatozoa exist within fresh boar ejaculates and that the incidence of these subpopulations is correlated with semen quality following cryopreservation. Five ejaculates were collected from each of 15 boars (5 boars from each of 3 breeds). An objective sperm morphology analyzer used Fourier shape descriptors to describe variation in the morphology of 300 spermatozoa per ejaculate before freezing. Semen was diluted into a commercial freezing buffer (700 mOsm/kg, 3% glycerol) and 5 straws (0.5 mL) per ejaculate were cryopreserved (to −5°C at 6°C/min, then −5°C to −80°C at 40°C/min). Semen was assessed for percentage of motile cells and motility characteristics (with computer‐aided sperm analysis), plasma membrane integrity (SYBR‐14 positive), and acrosome integrity (fluorescein‐labeled peanut agglutinin positive). Consistent between‐boar variability was detected for post‐thaw sperm motility (P < .01), membrane integrity (P < .01), acrosome integrity (P < .01), curvilinear velocity (P < .01), straight‐line velocity (P < .05), beat cross‐frequency (P < .05), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (P < .01). Three morphologically distinct subpopulations of spermatozoa, defined by Fourier descriptors, were detected. The proportion of these subpopulations within the fresh ejaculate correlated with semen quality assessments made following cryopreservation. These findings support the hypothesis that consistent interindividual variation in sperm freezability is genetically determined and may relate to processes that occur during spermatogenesis. Subsequent characterization of these genetic differences between “good” and “poor” freezers may ultimately identify biophysical components of the spermatozoa that are essential for successful cryopreservation.
Characterizing the Reproductive Physiology of the Male Southern Black Howler Monkey, Alouatta caraya
Authors: MORELAND RACHEL B. , RICHARDSON M. ELAINE , LAMBERSKI NADINE , LONG JULIE A.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Limited reproductive data are available for any species of howler monkey, including those listed as threatened (Alouatta pigra) and endangered (A palliata) by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Status (CITES) report. The Southern black howler monkey (A caraya) is being considered as a model species to develop assisted reproductive technology (ART) for vulnerable howler species. Specific objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of 1) time of year on ejaculate quality and testosterone concentration, 2) age of male on ejaculate quality, and 3) seminal plasma on sperm longevity in vitro. Three adult (4.5 to 5 years) and 3 subadult (1.5 to 2.5 years) males were evaluated for a 1.5‐year period. Semen samples were obtained by electroejaculation, and testosterone levels were monitored by fecal steroid metabolite radioimmunoassay. Males produced coagulum‐free ejaculates throughout the year. Likewise, most (4/6) males exhibited constant testosterone levels (3.66 ± 0.45 ng/g) during the year. Testosterone levels for the remaining 2 males, housed as a bachelor troop, were elevated (43 ng/g) during the months of May and June. Seminal characteristics were similar (P > .05) between age groups. Average semen volume was higher during the summer months (P < .05). Sperm concentrations were highly variable through the year and ranged from 7.0 × 106 sperm/mL to 583.0 × 106 sperm/mL. Percentages of motile sperm (73% ± 2.3%) and forward progressive sperm motility (3.3 ± 0.1), however, were consistent (P > .05) throughout the year. The average pH (8.9 ±0.1) and osmolality (356.7 ± 26.1 mmol/kg) of raw semen also did not vary (P > .05) throughout the year. Ejaculates from subadult males, however, contained more (P < .05) morphologically abnormal spermatozoa than adult ejaculates. In addition, in vitro sperm longevity was poor (<2 hours) for subadult male samples, regardless of the presence or absence of seminal plasma (P > .05). For adult males, seminal plasma was detrimental to sperm longevity; however, spermatozoa survived more than 5 hours in vitro when seminal plasma was removed. Although subadult males produce semen, these ejaculates would not be ideal for further characterization of seminal traits or development of ART for other howler monkey species.