bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An overview of applications and trends in the use of extended reality for teaching effectiveness: an umbrella review based on 20 meta-analysis studies
Authors: Dong Wei , Zhou Meimei , Zhou Meiyan , Jiang Bihan , Lu Jijian
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the application ways of extended reality (XR) in teaching, the specific teaching effects and how to implement teaching integration.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts an umbrella review approach, locates and screens 20 pertinent meta-analysis studies published in international journals and conducts a systematic review of the effects of teaching applications of XR technologies in terms of subject categories, education levels and teaching cycles.

Findings

The study finds that the effects of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies on teaching effectiveness can reach up to 0.723 and 0.951, indicating that XR technologies can improve teaching.

Practical implications

Through the systematic analysis of 20 related element analysis studies published in international journals, the specific methods and effects of XR technology applied to teaching are finally obtained and put forward the new application trend of XR promoting teaching effect.

Originality/value

In the past decade, more and more research has also focused on the specific methods and effects of XR technology applied to teaching. However, there are still problems such as unclear technology application path and unclear effect. Based on this, it is necessary to further conduct an overall overview and analysis of the impact of XR technology on teaching effect when it is integrated into teaching, systematically study the teaching effect of XR technology in different education levels and subject types and provide a theoretical basis for more detailed research on XR technology integration into teaching.
Integrating education for sustainable development in physical education: fostering critical and systemic thinking
Authors: Baena-Morales Salvador , Merma-Molina Gladys , Ferriz-Valero Alberto
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The aim of this personal vision research is to analyse the characteristics of physical education subject to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the development of competences in university students. The objective is to reflect on how critical and systemic thinking could be mobilised through the contents and methodologies in physical education to promote the SDGs.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual article is proposed in which an active investigation of how physical education could foster critical and systemic thinking has been carried out. For this purpose, articles were selected that have analysed the potential of physical education for sustainability. Databases such as Web of Science, Scopus or Google Scholar have been reviewed through keywords such as “physical education”, “sustainability”, “critical thinking” or “systems thinking”.

Findings

Strategies are presented to enable university students to understand the scope of the subject beyond the physical dimension. This study discusses that it is only through such a change of view of the subject that meaningful learning and learning situations that encourage enquiry and active participation can be introduced. Thus, this paper argues that physical education is a unique area of knowledge for mobilising critical and systemic thinking in the context of sustainable development (SD). Consequently, concrete actions are presented for application in physical education teaching that shows direct connections to specific targets of the SDGs.

Practical implications

This study presents practical implications for higher education leaders and educational policy designers at the national level, as it would help improve initial and ongoing training programs for physical education teachers, focusing on the development of key competencies for sustainability.

Social implications

Physical education has the potential to contribute to the development of vulnerable schools and communities, especially to the health and well-being of children and young people and does not require large financial budgets. Therefore, the recommendations presented in this study can have a positive impact on the well-being of these groups.

Originality/value

This document invites reflection on how, through different teaching strategies, we can produce significant learning that contributes to the sustainability of the planet. All this, trying to mobilise critical and systemic thinking and consequently improving awareness for SD.
Artificial intelligence an enabler for sustainable engineering decision-making in uncertain environment: a review and future propositions
Authors: Wankhede Vishal Ashok , Agrawal Rohit , Kumar Anil , Luthra Sunil , Pamucar Dragan , Stević Željko
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are gaining significant importance in the current environment. Many businesses are keen to adopt SDGs to get a competitive edge. There are certain challenges in realigning the present working scenario for sustainable development, which is a primary concern for society. Various firms are adopting sustainable engineering (SE) practices to tackle such issues. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that can help the ineffective adoption of sustainable practices in an uncertain environment. In this regard, there is a need to review the current research practices in the field of SE in AI. The purpose of the present study is to comprehensive review the research trend in the field of SE in AI.

Design/methodology/approach

This work presents a review of AI applications in SE for decision-making in an uncertain environment. SCOPUS database was considered for shortlisting the articles. Specific keywords on AI, SE and decision-making were given, and a total of 127 articles were shortlisted after implying inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Findings

Bibliometric study and network analyses were performed to analyse the current research trends and to see the research collaboration between researchers and countries. Emerging research themes were identified by using structural topic modelling (STM) and were discussed further.

Research limitations/implications

Research propositions corresponding to each research theme were presented for future research directions. Finally, the implications of the study were discussed.

Originality/value

This work presents a systematic review of articles in the field of AI applications in SE with the help of bibliometric study, network analyses and STM.
Augmented reality marketing to enhance museum visit intentions
Authors: Wu Chih-Hung , Lin Yi-Fang , Peng Kang-Lin , Liu Chih-Hsing
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the augmented reality (AR) effectiveness of museum visiting.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the AR marketing of the motivation model and the inspiration model, the critical mental process and AR were revealed that could increase museum visits. The mixed-methods approach was adopted to analyze the qualitative research and test the model hypotheses to understand the perceptions of the increasing AR marketing of museum visits.

Findings

The authors found that inspiration and perceived quality AR are critical to enhancing the attitudinal of museum visits. AR developers can thus focus on utilitarian and hedonic benefits in perceptual augmentation quality to inspire users’ willingness to visit museums.

Originality/value

This study extended the inspiration model through a mixed-methods approach to investigate how AR technologies encourage and leverage visitor experience to increase museum visit intention psychologically.
Effect of information literacy on lifelong learning, creativity, and work performance among journalists
Authors: Saadia Haleema , Naveed Muhammad Asif
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This research examined the effects of information literacy on lifelong learning, creativity, and work performance among journalists in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey research design was applied to conduct this research. The participants were recruited through a stratified convenient sampling process from the press clubs of four provinces (e.g. Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Baluchistan) and the federal capital Islamabad with the consent of relevant authorities for data collection. An online questionnaire was distributed among these journalists and a total of 1,089 responses were received. The data were analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS.

Findings

The results revealed that these journalists perceived themselves as information literate. The information literacy (IL) skills of journalists appeared to have a direct and positive effect on their lifelong learning, creativity, and work performance. In other words, the lifelong learning, creativity, and work performance of journalists increase as their levels of IL skills increase.

Practical implications

These results generated useful insights for academicians and organizations about the importance of IL in the workplace and its influence on organizational effectiveness and performance in gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. This knowledge might be crucial for media employers to initiate training programs for journalists to impart IL education.

Originality/value

This research would be a worthwhile contribution to the existing research on workplace IL, particularly in the context of journalists' workplace as no such comprehensive study using these variables appeared so far.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-06-2022-0345.
Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of icatibant treatment in Japanese pediatric patients with hereditary angioedema: A phase 3, open‐label study
Authors: Hide Michihiro , Wang Yi , Dote Nobuhito , Miyakawa Kou , Sugiura Kenkichi , Ishida Kazuyuki
Published: June 2023

We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous weight‐adjusted icatibant for the treatment of acute hereditary angioedema attacks in Japanese pediatric patients. Two patients (aged 10–13 and 6–9 years) received icatibant for a total of four attacks. Each attack was abdominal and/or cutaneous and was treated with a single icatibant injection. Mild or moderate injection‐site reactions were the only adverse events reported. Time to onset of symptom relief was 0.9–1.0 h. Icatibant was rapidly absorbed, with a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with previous studies. Simulated exposure levels were consistent with non‐Japanese pediatric patients. These results support the safety and efficacy of icatibant in Japanese pediatric patients.
The plant–mycorrhizal fungi collaboration gradient depends on plant functional group
Authors: Romero Ferran , Argüello Alicia , de Bruin Susanne , van der Heijden Marcel G. A.
Published: June 2023

Plant colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is widespread and can offer considerable benefits in terms of growth, nutrient uptake and plant yield. However, it is still unresolved how different plant species and plant functional groups respond to AMF and to different AMF taxa.

Here we established 336 grassland microcosms to determine the response of 14 plant species displaying contrasting functional groups (grasses, legumes and non‐leguminous forbs) for the presence of three different AMF taxa. For each plant species, we calculated the degree to which plant growth depended on AMF colonization (i.e. mycorrhizal dependency [MD]). We also determined the degree to which each plant species relied on specific AMF taxa for optimal growth (i.e. mycorrhizal species sensitivity [MSS]). Additionally, we determined whether MD and MSS correlated to specific plant traits (i.e. specific root length [SRL], specific leaf area [SLA]).

The plant growth response to AMF ranged from −84.9% for a non‐mycorrhizal plant (Luzula campestris) to +94.0% for a legume (Trifolium arvensis). The MD was systematically higher in legumes (91.9% ± 2.4%), followed by non‐leguminous forbs (77.1% ± 11.06) and grasses (42.1% ± 15.73%). MSS was less variable (8.9%–37.7%); it was independent of plant functional group and did not correlate with MD. MD was linked to various mycorrhizal plant parameters, including AMF colonization (R2 = +0.80) and total dry biomass (R2 = +0.32). Moreover, among mycorrhizal plants (n = 12), MD negatively correlated with SRL (R2 = −0.24) and positively with SLA (R2 = +0.24).

Synthesis. This study shows that plants relying on AMF for biomass production also show higher root colonization, lower SRL, higher SLA and that different plant traits are interlinked with the way how plants respond to AMF. Overall, this study further demonstrates that different plant functional groups vary in their response to AMF.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Nutrient availability and grazing influence the strength of priority effects during freshwater bacterial community coalescence
Authors: Lumpi Theresa , Guo Xin , Lindström Eva S.
Published: June 2023

When bacterial communities mix, immigration history can fundamentally affect the community composition as a result of priority effects. Priority effects arise when an early immigrant exhausts resources and/or alters habitat conditions, thereby influencing the establishment success of the late arriver. The strength of priority effects is context‐dependent and expected to be stronger if environmental conditions favour the growth of the first arriver. In this study, we conducted a two‐factorial experiment testing the importance of nutrient availability and grazing on the strength of priority effects in complex aquatic bacterial communities. We did so by mixing two dissimilar communities, simultaneously, and with a 38 h time‐delay. Priority effects were measured as the invasion resistance of the first community to the invading second community. We found stronger priority effects in treatments with high nutrient availability and absence of grazing, but in general, the arrival timing was less important than the selection by nutrients and grazing. At the population level, the results were complex, but priority effects may have been driven by bacteria belonging to for example, the genera Rhodoferax and Herbaspirillum. Our study highlights the importance of arrival timing in complex bacterial communities, especially if environmental conditions favour rapid community growth.
The economics of drought: A review of impacts and costs
Authors: Fleming‐Muñoz David A. , Whitten Stuart , Bonnett Graham D.
Published: June 2023

Although a growing body of literature studies drought impacts, papers providing a comprehensive review of drought's social and economic impacts are scarce. This paper fills this gap by exploring the consequences of drought on societies based on research findings in Australia—a large country used to experiencing severe droughts. To do this, we propose a framework to categorise drought impacts in three dimensions: individuals/households (including health), productive sectors and system (including economic and ecosystem) impacts. The framework then guides a systematic literature review and discussion of studies looking at diverse drought impacts and their related costs. By analysing and discussing the findings from this literature, we emphasise different policy considerations, empirical challenges and research needs to support robust analysis and estimates of the true cost of droughts. We conclude by proposing an expanded framework to identify drought impacts and a discussion of the implications of the review for policy development.
Body surface area and treatment failure in peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis
Authors: Zhang Yuting , He Peng , He Lijie
Published: June 2023

Introduction

This study mainly discussed the relationship between body surface area (BSA) and treatment failure of peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis (PDAP).

Methods

The exposures were BSA grouped by the tertiles of BSA levels. The association between BSA and the risk of treatment failure in PDAP, defined as the temporary or permanent switch to hemodialysis and kidney transplantation, was evaluated in Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

A total of 483 episodes in 285 patients were recorded in our center. As a three‐level categorical variable, in reference to G3, the G1 of BSA displayed a 4.054‐fold increased venture of treatment failure in a fully adjusted model. In sensitivity analysis, a lower value of BSA (G1) was identified as an independent risk factor for peritonitis episodes (odds ratio = 2.433, 95% confidence interval: 1.184–4.999, p = 0.015).

Conclusion

A lower level of body surface area was remarkably associated with a higher incidence of treatment failure among peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis episodes.
A comparative study of the gut microbiome in Indian children with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls
Authors: Tamahane Vaishali , Bhanushali Shivang , Shah Nikhil , Gupta Abhishek , Khadilkar Vaman , Gondhalekar Ketan , Khadilkar Anuradha , Shouche Yogesh
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs in genetically susceptible individuals due to certain environmental triggers causing destruction of insulin secreting beta cells. One of the environmental triggers studied recently in the pathogenesis and progression of T1DM is the role of gut microbiome.

Objectives

(1) To compare the gut microbiome profile of T1DM children with healthy age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) matched controls. (2) To assess the relationship of abundance of genera with glycemic control in children with T1DM.

Methods

Cross‐sectional, case–control study. Sixty‐eight children with T1DM and 61 age‐, gender‐, and BMI‐matched healthy controls were enrolled. QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini kit protocol and reagents were used for DNA isolation and Miseq sequencing platform for targeted gene sequencing.

Results

Alpha and beta diversity analysis showed no significant differences in the abundance of microbes between the groups. At phylum level, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum followed by Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota in both groups. Analysis of microbiome at the genera level showed that percentage abundance for Parasutterella was higher in children with T1DM as compared to the healthy group (p < .05). A linear regression analysis showed that increase in abundance of Haemophilus (adjusted R2 = −1.481 p < .007) was associated with a significant decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations (p < .05).

Conclusion

Our comparative study of gut microbiome profile showed significant differences in the taxonomial composition between Indian children with T1DM and healthy controls. Short chain fatty acid producers may play an important role in glycemic control.

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Roof of the world: Home and border in the genomic era
Authors: Da Wa , Rana Suresh K. , Bawa Kamal , Kunte Krushnamegh , Wang Zhengyang
Published: June 2023

Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau, known as the ‘land of snow’ and the ‘roof of the world’, is home to tens of millions of indigenous people who live with a staggering amount of biological diversity. In the past decade scientists have applied genomic tools and methods to substantially advance the understanding of phylogeography and genetic mechanisms behind high‐elevation adaptation of local biota. However, contributions from indigenous researchers and native institutions are underrepresented in this scientific endeavour. We point to the higher degree of indigenous contribution within the discipline of conservation biology and how recognizing the prominence of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) could deliver keen molecular ecological insights. Since the Himalaya‐Tibet ecological interface spans five countries, comprehensive biogeographical and phylogeographical taxon sampling in the region requires multi‐national collaborations across indigenous lands as well as indigenous community participation at both national and international levels. For the next generation of indigenous molecular ecologists, researching and cataloguing the evolutionary history and genetic information of the Tibetan and Himalayan landscape is a race against the melting glacier. At the roof of the world, their scientific judgement and stewardship will have environmental impacts that percolate far beyond indigenous lands.
Serum CDC42 is increased during tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment, and its elevation correlates with satisfactory treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Yang Yameng , Wu Bin , Tian Pengpeng , Huang Li
Published: June 2023

Aim

Our previous study discovered that cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) correlated with decreased disease activity and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), along with repressed T helper type 17 cell differentiation. This study aimed to further estimate the longitudinal change of serum CDC42 and its association with treatment outcomes to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) in RA.

Methods

CDC42 was detected in serum by ELISA at week (W)0, W6, W12, and W24 in 88 RA patients undergoing TNFi treatment, and after enrollment in 20 disease controls (DCs) and 20 healthy controls (HCs).

Results

CDC42 was lower in RA patients compared with DCs and HCs (both p < .001); meanwhile, it negatively related to C‐reactive protein (p = .011) and DAS28 score (p = .006). Regarding TNFi type, 40.9%, 33.0%, 17.0%, and 9.1% of patients received adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, and infliximab, respectively. Notably, CDC42 was increased from W0 to W24 in RA patients receiving TNFi treatment (p < .001), also in patients receiving adalimumab (p < .001), etanercept (p < .001), golimumab (p < .001), and infliximab (p = .001). Furthermore, CDC42 at W24 was higher in patients with a clinical response to TNFi treatment compared with those without (p = .023); CDC42 at W12 (p = .027) and W24 (p = .002) was elevated in patients with clinical low disease activity in response to TNFi treatment versus those without; whereas CDC42 at W12 (p = .074) and W24 (p = .068) only showed an increasing trend in patients with clinical remission with TNFi treatment, but did not achieve statistical significance.

Conclusion

Circulating CDC42 is elevated during TNFi administration; its increase reflects good 24‐week TNFi treatment responses in RA patients.
Effect of cognitive‐behavioral techniques for problem gambling and gambling disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pfund Rory A. , Forman David P. , Whalen Shelby K. , Zech James M. , Ginley Meredith K. , Peter Samuel C. , McAfee Nicholas W. , Whelan James P.
Published: June 2023

Aims

To measure the effect of cognitive‐behavioral techniques (CBTs) on gambling disorder severity and gambling behavior at post‐treatment and follow‐up.

Method

Seven databases and two clinical trial registries were searched to identify peer‐reviewed studies and unpublished studies of randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool assessed risk of bias in the included studies. A random effect meta‐analysis with robust variance estimation was conducted to measure the effect of CBTs relative to minimally treated or no treatment control groups.

Results

Twenty‐nine studies representing 3991 participants were identified. CBTs significantly reduced gambling disorder severity (g = −1.14, 95% CI = −1.68, −0.60, 95% prediction interval [PI] = −2.97, 0.69), gambling frequency (g = −0.54, 95% CI = −0.80, −0.27, 95% PI = −1.48, 0.40) and gambling intensity (g = −0.32, 95% CI = −0.51, −0.13, 95% PI = −0.76, 0.12) at post‐treatment relative to control. CBTs had no significant effect on follow‐up outcomes. Analyses supported the presence of publication bias and high heterogeneity in effect size estimates.

Conclusions

Cognitive‐behavioral techniques are a promising treatment for reducing gambling disorder and gambling behavior; however, the effect of cognitive‐behavioral techniques on gambling disorder severity and gambling frequency and intensity at post‐treatment is overestimated, and cognitive‐behavioral techniques may not be reliably efficacious for all individuals seeking treatment for problem gambling and gambling disorder.
Do obese and nonobese consumers respond differently to price changes? Implications of preference heterogeneity for obesity‐oriented food taxes and subsidies
Authors: Zhen Chen , Chen Yu , Lin Biing‐Hwan , Karns Shawn , Mancino Lisa , Ver Ploeg Michele
Published: June 2023

Preference heterogeneity in food demand has important health and equity implications for targeted and broad‐based taxes and subsidies intended to enhance diet quality and reduce obesity. We study the role of obesity in the purchases of food at home and food away from home using data from the nationally representative National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey. We develop a method for incorporating the complex survey design and retail scanner data into the estimation of a 21‐good Exact Affine Stone Index demand system with endogenous prices and truncated purchases. We find significant preference heterogeneity associated with the obesity status of household members. Counterfactual simulations find that (1) a sweetened beverage tax is effective in increasing the healthfulness of purchases by lower income obese consumers; (2) the nutritional benefits of a fruit and vegetable subsidy are concentrated on nonobese consumers with little improvement in obese consumers' Healthy Eating Index and an increase in their total calories purchased; and (3) a fiscally neutral healthy food subsidy fully funded by an unhealthy food tax benefits nonobese consumers both financially and nutritionally more than it does obese consumers. These findings show that lowering healthy food prices without raising the cost of unhealthy foods is unlikely to reduce obesity. Policymakers in favor of a systems approach of simultaneously taxing unhealthy foods and subsidizing healthy foods should be mindful of the distributional effects of this policy on obese consumers and the lower income population.
Observation versus intervention for incidental common bile duct stones at intraoperative cholangiogram: a systematic review
Authors: Crichton J. , Cox S. , Tong C. , Leow P. , Field X. , Welsh F.
Published: June 2023

Background

The natural history of incidental common bile duct stones (CBDS) is poorly understood. Current evidence is conflicting, with several studies suggesting the majority may pass spontaneously. Despite this, guidelines recommend routine removal even if asymptomatic. This study aimed to systematically review the outcomes of expectant management for CBDS detected on operative cholangiography during cholecystectomy.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases were systematically searched. Participants were adult patients with CBDS identified by intraoperative cholangiography. Intervention was regarded as any perioperative effort to remove common bile duct stones, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), laparoscopic and open bile duct exploration. This was compared to observation. Outcomes of interest included rates of spontaneous stone passage, success of duct clearance and complications. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS‐I tool.

Results

Eight studies were included. All studies were non‐randomized, heterogeneous and at serious risk of bias. In patients observed after a positive IOC, 20.9% went on to have symptomatic retained stones. In patients directed to ERCP for positive IOC, persistent CBDS were found in 50.6%. Spontaneous passage was not associated with stone size. Meta‐analysis is dominated by the results from one large database, which recommends intervention for incidental stones, despite low rates of persistent stones seen at postoperative ERCP.

Conclusions

Further evidence is required before a definitive recommendation on observation can be made. There is some evidence that asymptomatic stones may be safely observed. In clinical scenarios where the risks of biliary intervention are considered high, a conservative strategy could be more widely considered.
Environmental ethics beyond conferences: A response to the WCB bioethics in Qatar
Authors: Richie Cristina
Published: June 2023

Rieke van der Graaf, Karin Jongsma, Martine de Vries, Suzanne van de Vathorst, and Ineke Bolt have done well to voice ethical concerns over the decision of the IAB to host the next WCB in Qatar. Conferences should be more sustainable. Yet, attention to the carbon impact of conferences—and, perhaps, any country that a person might travel to for business or pleasure—are only one small part of environmentally responsible citizenship, especially for those trained in ethics and committed to health. Both bioethics as a discipline and bioethicists as individuals need to interrogate their environmental choices. To this end, some ecological choices are more obvious targets of ethical scrutiny—diet and travel—while others appear sacrosanct, like reproduction and even healthcare use. This underscores the importance of making sustainable and ethical organizational choices, such as where to hold a conference, without absolving environmental accountability in other ethical calculations. Many organizations in academic and clinical medicine need to make drastic alterations in their practices and policies to effectively mitigate carbon. While the burden is not only on bioethics alone, the expectation that it should be remains.
The returns to education and wage penalty from overeducation: New evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Tran Dai Binh , Paweenawat Sasiwimon Warunsiri
Published: June 2023

This study intends to estimate the rate of returns to education in Vietnam, the distributive effects of education on wages, and the wage penalty from the incidence of overeducation in the Vietnamese labor market during 2004–2016. This study employs a pseudo‐panel approach to address omitted variables bias and the unconditional quantile regression to identify the heterogeneity of returns to education across the income distribution. Our main finding indicates that the estimated rate of returns to education in Vietnam is approximately 6.5%, showing a downward bias from previous estimates. The returns vary across wage distributions, where a lower rate of return is observed in lower quantiles and a higher rate among those individuals at the higher quantiles. The returns to education have declined since 2008, confirming the oversupply of highly educated workers in the Vietnamese labor market with an estimated wage penalty of 17%. Government assistance measures are needed to reduce the overeducation and the wage penalty issues in the Vietnamese labor market.
A transitional object for relatedness and self‐development—A meta‐synthesis of youths' experience of engagement in self‐harm content online
Authors: Stänicke Line Indrevoll , Hermansen Marte Hjertås , Halvorsen Margrethe Seeger
Published: June 2023

Studies report an increase in self‐harm, and engagement in risk content online has gained growing attention. This study aims to synthesize qualitative studies on youths' (12–25 years of age) engagement in self‐harm content online (SCO). We conducted a systematic database search of studies on first‐person experience and included 16 studies. The meta‐synthesis resulted in two meta‐themes: 1) “Belonging to a community – online engagement with peers who self‐harm” and 2) “Self‐development – online engagement to get to know myself”. Following Winnicott's (1953) thinking, digital activity is discussed as an extended peer arena with a “transitional” quality – neither completely internal, nor external, and potentially bridging an inner and outer world. Engagement in SCO is discussed as a transitional object or activity that enables relatedness and self‐definition – important developmental experiences for the exploration of social roles, borders between self and others and self‐identity during adolescence. However, engagement in SCO comes with a risk for deterioration of mental health. Clinicians should ask directly about digital activity and meet those engaged in digital risks with respect.
Grandparents with different health statuses as primary caregivers: Are they bad for children's health?
Authors: Lu Chunyu , Zong Jingru , Wang Lingli , Wang Qing
Published: June 2023

The prevalence and intensity of grandparenting have continued to increase in the era of rapid aging. However, little is known about grandparents with different health statuses as primary caregivers and their implications for children's health. A nationally representative cohort of over 8990 Chinese children interviewed from 2010 to 2018 was used. Random effects logit models were constructed to assess the association of the primary caregiver type (grandparents vs. parents) and caregiver health with child health. Subsequently, additive interactions between the primary caregiver type and caregiver health were estimated to determine whether children cared for by grandparents with poor health were the most vulnerable children in terms of health. Deterioration of health status was found among children cared for mainly by grandparents, manifested as a higher likelihood of illness, depressive symptoms and unmet health care needs. However, children looked after by healthy grandparents tended to exhibit better health than their counterparts who were cared for by unhealthy parents. Grandparents as primary caregivers might not have a universally detrimental effect on child health. Thus, interventions to prompt child health could consider grandparents as caregivers, especially healthy grandparents.
Efficient clinical data analysis for prediction of coal workers' pneumoconiosis using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Dong Hantian , Zhu Biaokai , Kong Xiaomei , Zhang Xinri
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose an efficient coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) clinical prediction system and put it into clinical use for clinical diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.

Methods

Patients with CWP and dust‐exposed workers who were enrolled from August 2021 to December 2021 were included in this study. Firstly, we chose the embedded method through using three feature selection approaches to perform the prediction analysis. Then, we performed the machine learning algorithms as the model backbone and combined them with three feature selection methods, respectively, to determine the optimal predictive model for CWP.

Results

Through applying three feature selection approaches based on machine learning algorithms, it was found that AaDO2 and some pulmonary function indicators played an important role in prediction for identifying CWP of early stage. The support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was proved as the optimal machine learning model for predicting CWP, with the ROC curves obtained from three feature selection methods using SVM algorithm whose AUC values of 97.78%, 93.7%, and 95.56%, respectively.

Conclusion

We developed the optimal model (SVM algorithm) through comparisons and analyses among the performances of different models for the prediction of CWP as a clinical application.
Atypical speech production of multisyllabic words and phrases by children with developmental dyslexia
Authors: Keshavarzi Mahmoud , Di Liberto Giovanni M. , Gabrielczyk Fiona , Wilson Angela , Macfarlane Annabel , Goswami Usha
Published: June 2023

The prevalent "core phonological deficit" model of dyslexia proposes that the reading and spelling difficulties characterizing affected children stem from prior developmental difficulties in processing speech sound structure, for example, perceiving and identifying syllable stress patterns, syllables, rhymes and phonemes. Yet spoken word production appears normal. This suggests an unexpected disconnect between speech input and speech output processes. Here we investigated the output side of this disconnect from a speech rhythm perspective by measuring the speech amplitude envelope (AE) of multisyllabic spoken phrases. The speech AE contains crucial information regarding stress patterns, speech rate, tonal contrasts and intonational information. We created a novel computerized speech copying task in which participants copied aloud familiar spoken targets like “Aladdin.” Seventy‐five children with and without dyslexia were tested, some of whom were also receiving an oral intervention designed to enhance multi‐syllabic processing. Similarity of the child's productions to the target AE was computed using correlation and mutual information metrics. Similarity of pitch contour, another acoustic cue to speech rhythm, was used for control analyses. Children with dyslexia were significantly worse at producing the multi‐syllabic targets as indexed by both similarity metrics for computing the AE. However, children with dyslexia were not different from control children in producing pitch contours. Accordingly, the spoken production of multisyllabic phrases by children with dyslexia is atypical regarding the AE. Children with dyslexia may not appear to listeners to exhibit speech production difficulties because their pitch contours are intact.

Research Highlights

Speech production of syllable stress patterns is atypical in children with dyslexia.

Children with dyslexia are significantly worse at producing the amplitude envelope of multi‐syllabic targets compared to both age‐matched and reading‐level‐matched control children.

No group differences were found for pitch contour production between children with dyslexia and age‐matched control children.

It may be difficult to detect speech output problems in dyslexia as pitch contours are relatively accurate.
Association between fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio and prognosis of patients with heart failure
Authors: Xu Qianqian , Zhu Chenxi , Zhang Qianqian , Hu Zesong , Ji Kangting , Qian Lu
Published: June 2023

Background

Systemic inflammation is closely associated with the development and progression of heart failure (HF), increasing vulnerability to thromboembolic events. This retrospective cohort study assessed the potential of the fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio (FAR), a new inflammatory biomarker, as a prognostic indicator for HF risk.

Methods

One thousand one hundred and sixty six women and 826 men with a mean age of 70.70 ± 13.98 years were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care‐IV (MIMIC‐IV v2.0) database. Additionally, a second cohort was obtained, including 309 patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The relationship between FAR and the prognosis of HF was evaluated using multivariate analysis, propensity score‐matched analysis, and subgroup analysis.

Results

Fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio was an independent risk factor for 90‐day all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.40), 1‐year all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.41), and length of hospital stay (LOS) (β: 1.52; 95% CI: 0.67–2.37) in the MIMIC‐IV dataset, even after adjusting for potential covariates. These findings were verified in the second cohort (β: 1.82; 95% CI: 0.33–3.31) and persisted after propensity score‐matching and subgroup analysis. FAR was positively correlated with C‐reactive protein, NT‐proBNP, and Padua score. The correlation between FAR and NT‐proBNP (R = .3026) was higher than with fibrinogen (R = .2576), albumin (R = −.1822), platelet‐to‐albumin ratio (R = .1170), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (R = .1878) (ps < .05).

Conclusions

Fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio is an independent risk prognostic factor for 90‐day, 1‐year all‐cause mortality and LOS among HF patients. Inflammation and prothrombotic state may underlie the relationship between FAR and poor prognosis in HF.
Attrition and withdrawal in multiple myeloma randomized controlled trials: A systematic review
Authors: Hentzen Stijn , Meirson Tomer , Koehn Kelly , Goodman Aaron , Chakraborty Rajshekhar , Sborov Douglas , Rubinstein Samuel , Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) enrolled in randomized control trials (RCTs) discontinue treatment for various reasons; however, no prior study has analyzed reasons for discontinuation. We performed a systematic review of MM RCTs to investigate reasons for treatment discontinuation, imbalances between trial cohorts, and reporting practices.

Methods

A comprehensive search for RCTs in MM from 2015 to 2021 identified 45 studies meeting inclusion criteria.

Results

Of 21 236 randomized patients, 10 161 (47.8%) discontinued therapy by primary endpoint ascertainment. Causes of discontinuation included progression (n = 4790; 22.6% of randomized patients); toxicity (n = 2569; 12.1%); patient/physician withdrawal (n = 1200; 5.7%) and death (n = 495; 2.3%). Of randomized patients, 20 914 (98.5%) were included in the RCT analysis. Imbalances of attrition, defined as trials with greater than 5% absolute difference in discontinuation rate for reasons other than death, progression, and toxicity between intervention and control arms, were found in 11 (24.4%) studies.

Conclusions

Although progression is the most common reason for RCT treatment discontinuation in patients with MM, over 10% discontinued due to toxicity. Furthermore, 24.4% of trials showed substantial imbalances between trial cohorts; raising concern for informative censoring and emphasizes the importance of detailed characterization of withdrawal in MM RCTs.
Dryness limits vegetation pace to cope with temperature change in warm regions
Authors: Wang Bingxue , Chen Weinan , Tian Dashuan , Li Zhaolei , Wang Jinsong , Fu Zheng , Luo Yiqi , Piao Shilong , Yu Guirui , Niu Shuli
Published: June 2023

Climate change leads to increasing temperature and more extreme hot and drought events. Ecosystem capability to cope with climate warming depends on vegetation's adjusting pace with temperature change. How environmental stresses impair such a vegetation pace has not been carefully investigated. Here we show that dryness substantially dampens vegetation pace in warm regions to adjust the optimal temperature of gross primary production (GPP) () in response to change in temperature over space and time. spatially converges to an increase of 1.01°C (95% CI: 0.97, 1.05) per 1°C increase in the yearly maximum temperature (Tmax) across humid or cold sites worldwide (37oS–79oN) but only 0.59°C (95% CI: 0.46, 0.74) per 1°C increase in Tmax across dry and warm sites. temporally changes by 0.81°C (95% CI: 0.75, 0.87) per 1°C interannual variation in Tmax at humid or cold sites and 0.42°C (95% CI: 0.17, 0.66) at dry and warm sites. Regardless of the water limitation, the maximum GPP (GPPmax) similarly increases by 0.23 g C m−2 day−1 per 1°C increase in in either humid or dry areas. Our results indicate that the future climate warming likely stimulates vegetation productivity more substantially in humid than water‐limited regions.
Long‐term changes in forest response to extreme atmospheric dryness
Authors: Shekhar Ankit , Hörtnagl Lukas , Buchmann Nina , Gharun Mana
Published: June 2023

Atmospheric dryness, as indicated by vapor pressure deficit (VPD), has a strong influence on forest greenhouse gas exchange with the atmosphere. In this study, we used long‐term (10–30 years) net ecosystem productivity (NEP) measurements from 60 forest sites across the world (1003 site‐years) to quantify long‐term changes in forest NEP resistance and NEP recovery in response to extreme atmospheric dryness. We tested two hypotheses: first, across sites differences in NEP resistance and NEP recovery of forests will depend on both the biophysical characteristics (i.e., leaf area index [LAI] and forest type) of the forest as well as on the local meteorological conditions of the site (i.e., mean VPD of the site), and second, forests experiencing an increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme dryness will show an increasing trend in NEP resistance and NEP recovery over time due to emergence of long‐term ecological stress memory. We used a data‐driven statistical learning approach to quantify NEP resistance and NEP recovery over multiple years. Our results showed that forest types, LAI, and median local VPD conditions explained over 50% of variance in both NEP resistance and NEP recovery, with drier sites showing higher NEP resistance and NEP recovery compared to sites with less atmospheric dryness. The impact of extreme atmospheric dryness events on NEP lasted for up to 3 days following most severe extreme events in most forests, indicated by an NEP recovery of less than 100%. We rejected our second hypothesis as we found no consistent relationship between trends of extreme VPD with trends in NEP resistance and NEP recovery across different forest sites, thus an increase in atmospheric dryness as it is predicted might not increase the resistance or recovery of forests in terms of NEP.
Helicobacter pylori induces urease subunit B‐specific CD8+ T cell responses in infected individuals via cytosolic pathway of cross‐presentation
Authors: Zhang Zelin , Chen Xingchi , Li Bin , Xia Tingting , Wu Xiaobin , Wu Chao
Published: June 2023

Background

Urease subunit B (UreB), a conserved and key virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), can induce the host CD4+ T cell immune responses to provide protection, but less is known regarding CD8+ T cell responses. The characteristics of H. pylori‐specific CD8+ T cell responses and the mechanism underlying antigen processing and presentation pathways remain unclear. This study was focus on protective antigen recombinant UreB (rUreb) to detect specific CD8+ T cell responses in vitro and elucidate the mechanism of UreB antigen processing and presentation.

Methods

The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from H. pylori‐infected individuals were stimulated with rUreB in vitro to detect specific CD8+ T cell responses after co‐culture with rUreB‐pulsed autologous hMDCs. Through blocking assay, we investigated the potential pathway of UreB antigen processing and presentation via the cytosolic pathway or vacuolar pathway. The cytokines production of UreB specific CD8+ T cell were evaluated as well.

Results

We demonstrated UreB can induce specific CD8+ T cell immune responses in H. pylori infected individuals. Importantly, we characterized that UreB were mainly processed by proteasome instead of lysosomal proteases and presented through cytosolic pathway of cross‐presentation, which requires endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi transport and newly synthesized MHC‐I molecules, to induce functional‐specific CD8+ T cell (IFN‐γ + TNF‐α + Grz A+ Grz B+) responses.

Conclusions

These results suggest that H. pylori UreB induces specific CD8+ T cell responses through cytosolic pathway of cross‐presentation in infected individuals.