bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity Management Strategies for Enhancing Organizational Performance
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: December 2023

Diversity brings in different perspectives and helps to strengthen the quality of decision-making. Hence, diversity is of importance at all levels of organizations. With effective diversity management, organizations are better equipped to capitalize on the potential of their employees, increasing performance and productivity. Historically, diverse organizations outperform their competitors because their employees have different competencies, including cross-cultural abilities that help develop a sense of belonging. Hence, they are more likely to be committed to the organization. Employees feel more confident and comfortable in their roles when diversity is embraced and respected, improving productivity and satisfaction. Further, organizations open to a diverse workforce can draw from a larger talent pool, leading to better decision-making and increased innovation. Hence, adopting a qualitative approach with an in-depth literature review, this chapter discusses diversity management strategies for enhancing organizational performance.
AI-Driven Plant Leaf Disease Detection for Modern Agriculture
Authors: Suchetha M. , Kotamsetti Jaya Sai , Reddy Dasapalli Sasidhar , Preethi S. , Edwin Dhas D.
Published: December 2023

Due to the diseases that affect the crop, farmers as well as the buyers face a critical loss. About 60% of the farmers confront losses in crop yield. As a result, there have been numerous reports of deaths of the farmers. Later progressions in artificial intelligence and through the use of deep learning techniques, automated systems are distinguished and also recognize infections in images. This model can extract the features of the disease that's shown within the given image. In this literature survey the authors recognized the tomato crop diseases and focused on certain aspects which include image dataset, no. of diseases (classes), precision of the model etc. They created a model using convolution neural network (CNN) for classifying images and explainable artificial intelligence (AI) by using a local interpretability technique called as local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) to explain the predictions that are made by the model. Evaluation of the images from the tomato disease image dataset shows that our model's accuracy is 97.78%.
Enhancing Elderly Health Monitoring Framework With Quantum-Assisted Machine Learning Models as Micro Services
Authors: Bhuvaneswari A. , Srivel R. , Elamathi N. , Shitharth S. , Sangeetha K.
Published: December 2023

Monitoring systems for the elderly gather a variety of information, including blood pressure, insulin level, oxygen saturation, and more. Machine learning is a multidisciplinary method for identifying patterns in data by applying mathematical algorithms and iterative computing processes. Machine learning models are implemented as microservice-based architecture, which makes code components more maintainable, testable, and of course, responsive. The supervised model, unsupervised model, and reinforcement model are the three machine learning models that are employed as micro-services independently. This study focuses on blood sugar level among other indicators used to monitor older people, because it is the primary factor determining how well each organ functions. In this work, the machine learning model is enhanced with quantum variationally algorithm to improve their efficiency and accuracy. With an accuracy rate of 81%, the quantum assisted unsupervised model performed better than the other two models when it was being executed.
Exploring the Potential of Quantum Computing in AI, Medical Advancements, and Cyber Security
Authors: Palvadi Srinivas Kumar
Published: December 2023

The modern method of computing known as quantum computing depends on incredible phenomena over quantization. Combining various domains beautifully. For controlling a way of treating microscopic elements like atoms, electrons, photons etc., it outperforms conventional computers in terms of computational power, efficiency, and speed. The fundamental ideas and concepts of quantum computing are discussed in this chapter. The chapter unitizes a history in basic computing techniques along with changes as well as improvements which were made to overcome its disadvantages up to this point. This chapter discusses structure, h/w, s/w, category, types, along protocols which are generally needed by quantization methods to comprehend overall potential as well as limitations for realistic quantum devices which can be released public manner. Moving towards the advantages regarding the general quantum computing technique as well as analyzing its potential, it is recommended to review some background information.
Personalized Medicine Through Quantum Computing
Authors: Sharma Muskan , Mahajan Yash , Alzahrani Abdullah
Published: December 2023

This chapter explores the transformative intersection of quantum computing and healthcare, particularly in the realm of personalized medicine. The amalgamation of quantum computing and healthcare has ushered in a new era where the unique genetic profile of individuals can be leveraged to craft highly tailored medical treatments. Traditional computing methods often fall short in managing the immense complexity of genetic data, necessitating a paradigm shift. Quantum computing, with its unprecedented computational capabilities, especially in quantum machine learning, emerges as a revolutionary technology to decipher intricate genetic patterns and streamline the development of personalized treatment approaches. The chapter delineates the objectives of personalized medicine, emphasizing its pivotal role in enhancing treatment efficacy, minimizing adverse effects, tailoring preventive strategies, facilitating drug discovery, and harnessing quantum advantages.
Revolutionizing Biomedical Engineering With Quantum Computing and AI
Authors: Mamta  , Garla Nitin , Haq Inam Ul , Dhiman Hardik
Published: December 2023

Quantum computing and AI could change biomedical engineering by enabling smart biomedical applications. Quantum computing and artificial intelligence for smart biological applications are thoroughly explained in this chapter. Combining quantum computing with AI promotes personalised healthcare, disease diagnosis, and medication discovery. The authors begin with a hardware and software review of both systems before discussing AI and quantum computing. Quantum computing and AI in personalised healthcare are then considered. The authors discuss quantum computing and AI-powered telemedicine, precision medicine, and smart wearable and medical devices. They also note that reliable qubit technologies, effective error-correction methods, and scalable quantum computing and AI architectures are needed to fully exploit quantum computing and AI for smart biomedical applications. In conclusion, quantum computing and AI could revolutionise biomedical engineering and enable intelligent biomedical applications that improve patient outcomes.
Investigation of the Time Pattern of Bit Green Crypto
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Bhatnagar Mukul , Taneja Sanjay
Published: December 2023

The temporal conduct of the cryptocurrency BIT GREEN Crypto is examined using an ARMA model. This study analyses BIT GREEN Crypto's volatility using the ARMA model. ARMA model examination of past pricing data determines BIT GREEN Crypto timing trends and variations. This study uses rigorous methods and historical data to reveal BIT GREEN Crypto's temporal patterns and changes to better cryptocurrency analysis. In the study, ARMA modelling correctly predicted BIT GREEN Crypto's volatility. The study helps investors and market participants understand cryptocurrency volatility. The results also show that the ARMA model's restrictions and the aspects of bitcoin volatility must be addressed. This study clarifies BIT GREEN Crypto's volatility and temporal dynamics. This ARMA-modelled study gives investors and market participants cryptocurrency insights and management advice.
Masters of the Market
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Ozen Ercan
Published: December 2023

The inexorable advance of algorithms is driving a revolutionary change in the financial world, which is causing significant upheaval. This chapter goes into the complex realm of algorithmic trading, charting its history from the manual execution of trades to the complex methods used by today's financial whizzes. The chapter sheds light on the effect that algorithms have on the microstructure of markets and highlights the contribution that algorithms make to the development of prices, the dynamics of liquidity, and the overall efficiency of markets.
User Experience and Interaction in Information Applications
Authors: Reepu  , Taneja Sanjay
Published: December 2023

This chapter aims to explore the advancements and potential of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) in improving user experience and interaction in information applications. With the proliferation of digital technologies and the increasing reliance on information systems, the design and usability of interfaces play a critical role in enhancing user engagement and effectiveness. This chapter investigates the latest developments in HMIs, such as natural language processing, gesture recognition, augmented reality, and virtual reality, and examines their impact on information applications across various domains. It also highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing advanced HMIs and provides recommendations for optimizing user experience and interaction. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of how information applications can leverage advanced HMIs to deliver seamless and intuitive user interfaces that enhance productivity, accessibility, and overall user satisfaction.
Assessing the Impact of Quality and Internal Control on Academic Institutions' Performance
Authors: Slimani Amal , Ahmadi Ali
Published: December 2023

This study assesses the relationship of both quality and internal control on academic institutions' performance by using a case of study of the Higher Institute of Business Administration of Gafsa (HIBAG). The study uses mixed-methods research approach, including surveys, interviews, and document analysis, and it aims to examine the current state of quality and internal control practices at the higher institute subject to study and their impact on its overall performance. The findings highlight that a solid quality management system and an effective internal control have a crucial impact on ensuring academic institutions' performance. The interviews conducted with the managers and the institute director revealed that the internal control system has helped to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the institution's operations. The findings of the study highlight the importance of quality management and internal control systems in enhancing the performance of academic institutions.
Technical Challenges Faced in Designing Frameworks for AI-Based Earth Monitoring Systems
Authors: T. Gnanasekaran , G. Nirmala , N. Hariharan , S. Rajakumar
Published: December 2023

In an era defined by unprecedented advancements in technology, AI-based Earth monitoring systems have emerged as transformative tools for understanding and safeguarding our planet. This chapter navigates through the intricacies of AI-based Earth monitoring systems, from the critical technical challenges of data integration, quality, and availability to the crucial interdisciplinary collaborations that hold the key to their success. Improving an AI-based Earth tracking system affords quite a number of particular technical demanding situations. Data integration stands out as a pivotal technical challenge. Addressing data integration, quality, and availability, as well as communication gaps, is critical for their success. When it comes to implementing this device inside the actual world, the scalability of the device and capability protection dangers ought to be addressed. Therefore, designing a framework for an AI-based earth-tracking system requires successfully resolving a diffusion of technically demanding situations.
Knowledge-Based Earth Monitoring and Prediction Systems
Authors: S. Edwin Raja , C. Vimala Josphine , S. Karkuzhali , S. Rajakumar
Published: December 2023

Knowledge-based earth monitoring and prediction system is an innovative tool developed to provide comprehensive insights into Earth's environment and climate. Leveraging advanced methods, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, KEMPS enhances the precision of both short-term and long-term predictions. They combine various statistics resources and expert knowledge to offer valuable insights into the environment and inform selections associated with disaster preparedness, and public coverage. Moreover, research and development of knowledge-based decision support systems for Earth monitoring and prediction will assist users in making informed decisions based on the data. Furthermore, the development of automated forecasting and prediction systems for Earth monitoring and prediction applications should be explored. This way, KEMPS can offer time-applicable, data-based insights and capacity for environmental modifications and forecasts. KEMPS aims to enhance our knowledge of Earth's environmental kingdom, count on changes, and enhance our reaction to global environmental threats.
Enhancing Earthquake Prediction With Reinforcement Learning
Authors: S. D. Lalitha , M. Madiajagan , S. Rajakumari , R. Manikandan
Published: December 2023

This chapter examines the capacity of making use of reinforcement mastering (RL) fashions to earthquake prediction. RL is a branch of system studying in which an agent learns to achieve better rewards by using iteratively to enhance its policy, which is a mapping from states to actions. The version makes use of seismic recordings to discover ways to distinguish among massive and small earthquakes. It then builds a policy that rewards large earthquakes when predicting and penalizes smaller ones. This version has the potential to improve present earthquake prediction algorithms by supplying extra accurate forecasting of future earthquakes. furthermore, the RL model may want to provide additional perception into seismicity by figuring out styles that would permit for greater focused prediction and alert techniques. ultimately, using RL may want to assist seismologists better plan evacuation routes and allocate assets in order to reduce losses because of earthquakes.
Nearest-Neighbor Approaches in Earth Observation
Authors: S. Srijayanthi , Dakshinamurthi Vidyabharathi , Kumar Sunil , R. Manikandan
Published: December 2023

The application of nearest-neighbor methods in Earth remark has been of developing interest in recent years. These methods, which involve the usage of facts factors that are close to a given question point in an effort to infer properties associated with the latter, were used for a selection of functions, spanning from land cover mapping and trade detection to picture class and segmentation. This chapter will provide an in-depth analysis of the diverse nearest neighbor processes that can be presently hired in Earth observation technologies today. The principle idea in the back of these algorithms is based totally on a mixture of distance and similarity measures. New technologies, such as remote sensing and satellite imaging, have made it possible to observe and monitor the surface of the Earth from space. This approach has been successfully used to deliver precise results in a wide range of domains, including predicting the behavior of the stock market, classifying images, and migrating customer data.
Exploring Frigid Frontiers
Authors: Rahul  , Parmar Shashank , Singh Vibhor , Shrivastava Dhaval , Chowdhury Aayush , Sunda Neelam
Published: December 2023

Polar science is the study of Earth's frozen zones. It finds its application in a diversity of applications such as monitoring the effects of global warming, making weather prediction, studying the migration cycles of birds, understanding the change in climate over decades, etc. Despite its wide applicability, this field presents a diversity of challenges to the cryosphere community. In this chapter, the authors will cover the current challenges in this field and how they are being solved by researchers across the globe. They will discuss the areas of research and their applicability along with the latest and most promising research works in the field of polar sciences. The subject of polar sciences is studied widely in two dimensions. The first is the study of ice of the sea, and the other is the study of snow. To truly grasp the works done in this field, the authors would be covering these sections in detail one after another.
Innovative Ways to Boost Well-Being Among Students in Higher Education
Authors: Padmanabhan Sindu
Published: December 2023

More than 700,000 people die by suicide each year, according to WHO 2022. One fatality out of every 100 is suicide around the world. The fourth most common cause of death for people between the ages of 15 and 29 is suicide. The importance of mental health awareness in higher education institutions has grown in recent years. For students' general well-being and academic progress, it is essential to identify and treat mental health conditions. Academic performance, retention, and graduation rates can all be improved on campuses that put a strong emphasis on the welfare of their students. Higher motivation, more self-assurance, and higher levels of engagement and accomplishment are common among university students who feel more at home and like they belong. Additionally, they exhibit greater critical thinking skills, improved cultural awareness, higher levels of volunteerism, and a higher likelihood of being compassionate citizens.
Support Services to Enhance Students' Mental Health in Higher Education Institutions in Namibia
Authors: Mbongo Emilia Ndapandula , Sheyapo Mirjam
Published: December 2023

This chapter presents an overview of the support services to enhance students' mental health in higher education institutions in Namibia. In light of the myriad difficulties encountered by students on a daily basis, it is imperative to establish frameworks that guarantee the provision of essential assistance to foster academic excellence. An analysis was conducted by reviewing various sources in order to obtain an understanding of the student affairs and support services offered at three leading universities in Namibia. These services encompass a range of areas, such as counselling services, peer support programs, initiatives promoting mental health awareness, mental health screening, accommodation and support services, and crisis intervention services. Institutional support mechanisms in terms of policy and practice and recommendations for future practice are examined.
Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of estate managers on food safety of black tea manufacturing in the Uva region of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kahandage K. P. M. , Wickramasinghe I. , Navaratne S. B. , Wijesinghe W. A. J. P.
Published: December 2023

Sri Lankan black tea is renowned for its high quality and regarded as a brand that is chemically safe, ozone-friendly, and ethically acceptable with accountable stakeholders in the supply chain. Meantime, food safety has become one of the mandated food attributes that is heavily concern by stakeholders even at the estate level. Hence, this study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of managers at black tea manufacturing in the Uva region of Sri Lanka regarding basic food safety concerns. Data were collected from 30 respondents at 30 black tea manufacturing factories in the Uva region using a stratified random sampling technique. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire based on KAP of basic food safety was utilized and collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and correlation analysis. The study indicated that the mean percentage of knowledge was satisfactory (93.1%), and the mean score for attitudes and practices of food safety was 4.7±0.4 (X±SD) and 4.6±0.5 (X±SD), respectively. However, this study depicted that the knowledge of food safety influenced managers’ attitudes (0.421, P<0.05) but not their food safety behaviour. Further, they believed that food safety management systems would be a means of directing their black tea to the international market (76.7%), while pledging the concerns of food safety (70%). However, it was depicted that constraints with food handlers (100%) and financial difficulties (73.3%) hugely affected the implementation of food safety management systems at the black tea manufacturing factories in the Uva region of Sri Lanka. Hence, this study suggests continuous, periodical but short training to sustain the practice of handling teas safely in the Uva region of Sri Lanka.
Efficiency and Performance of Microfinance Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Herath H. M. A. K. , Azeez A. A. , Priyashantha K. G.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to find out common knowledge in the empirical literature pertaining to the performance and efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs), as well as the areas that require more attention for future research. The systematic literature review (SLR) technique was applied and the article selection and findings were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. 69 empirical journal articles between 2013 and 2023 were included from Scopus database. (1) Efficiency of MFIs (Financial & Social efficiency) (2) performance of MFIs (Social & Financial Performance), (3) sustainable performance of MFIs, were identified as the three most common knowledge clusters. The review established that efficiency and conventional performance analysis of MFIs differ in methodologies and perspectives. Further, it was found that performance assessment, efficiency measurement, productivity, sustainability, and outreach of MFIs are infrequently investigated areas. Financial efficiency, social efficiency, financial performance, and social performance of MFIs were also identified as averagely investigated, creating avenues for more future studies. Thus, the study emphasized the need for further research diversifying perspectives on overall MFI performance to ensure lasting success.
From Clicks to Carts: Exploring the Role of Unboxing YouTube videos in Driving the Smartphone Purchasing intention of Generation Z and Millennials in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dilshan H. P. , Patabendige S. S. J.
Published: December 2023

User-generated videos (UGVs), that is, videos generated by users as opposed to by manufacturers or sellers, have become increasingly popular, especially with Generation Zs and millennials. Using platforms like YouTube, UGVs create awareness and influence purchasing decisions through reviews. This study aims to better understand the effects of UGVs by focusing on their role in smartphone users' purchasing intention. The study draws on the uses and gratification theory, which contends that media users actively search for content that satisfies specific needs such as information seeking, social bonding, entertainment, and time passing. Data was sourced from an online survey involving 390 respondents from the Generation Z and millennial cohorts in Sri Lanka. Analysis revealed that viewing unboxing videos addresses all four gratification motives, while the information- seeking motive stood out as the primary driver. These findings provide valuable guidance for UGV creators and marketers in general on optimising content strategy.
A Bayesian Network Analysis of Calendar Effects in the Colombo Stock Exchange
Authors: Rathnaweera H. K. R. , Silva Rajitha M.
Published: December 2023

This study applies Bayesian Network analysis to examine the probabilistic causal relationship between calendar effects and stock market anomalies in the Colombo Stock Exchange. While prior research has explored the existence of Calendar Anomalies in the Colombo Stock Exchange, few studies have examined the underlying cause-and-effect relationship between these anomalies and their associated probabilities. This study employs a Bayesian Network model using market data from 2007 to 2020 to investigate this relationship. The results indicate that calendar effects are prevalent in the market, and the analysis identifies a probabilistic causal relationship between abnormal market returns and Day-of-the-Week and Turn-of-the-Month calendar anomalies. The findings of this study enable investors to time their trades by assigning probabilities to positive or negative market returns on specific trading days, maximizing their returns and improving the efficiency of their trades in the Colombo Stock Exchange.
Estimating COVID-19 Prevalence in Sri Lanka: A Dynamic Sampling Model Approach
Authors: Erandi J. D. T. , Liyanage U. P. , Gunawardana A.
Published: December 2023

Over history, human has had to face various crises and diseases, and among them, the COVID 19 virus stands out as one of the most deathful diseases ever. It has brought numerous challenges to all the fields worldwide. Despite efforts to control its spread, the virus persists globally with varying intensity. Addressing this challenge requires an effective and precise control measure. The progression of the virus in different sub-regions is influenced by factors such as population density, public mobility, and healthcare infrastructure. Consequently, the prevalence of the virus varies across sub-regions. This study proposes an adaptive sampling design that modifies the stratified sampling technique to capture the changing prevalence of COVID-19, considering the dynamic nature of infected populations. This adaptation is essential as the increase of infected cases boosts the virus spread, and the standard sampling techniques do not address such dynamic population conditions in determining the sample size. The study aims to narrow the gap between reported and actual daily infections, providing more accurate estimates of virus distribution. The weighted allocation method incorporates the skewed pattern of coronavirus progression, with weights determined based on the first derivative of reported infected cases. This derivative information is based on the recent dynamics of the infected cases. Thereby larger weights were assigned when the virus progression increased, and smaller weights were assigned when the virus progression decreased. The resulting sample sizes for each sub-region are calculated using the modified stratified sampling method. Further, to illustrate the accuracy of the sampling design, simulated data from different epidemic scenarios, such as community spread, cluster spread, and border spread was used. This simulation allowed us to test the robustness of the techniques for the different states of the virus progression based on the infected cases. The sample size obtained through this dynamic sampling technique exhibits a direct correlation with the fluctuations in the number of infected cases, increasing as the infection cases rise and decreasing as they decline. In conclusion, the study introduces a novel sampling technique that accommodates the dynamic nature of population sizes, and it can be straightforwardly applied for the real-world data as well. Thus, this modified stratified sampling method emerges as a precise approach for capturing the actual prevalence of COVID-19.
An Analytical Study to Evaluate the Safety of Prayogika Dhumapana in Dinacharya
Authors: Gupta Divya , Agrawal Sarvesh Kumar , Sharma Vaidya Kamalesh Kumar
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cigarette smoking is one of the most widespread types of tobacco use all over the world, causing a huge number of untimely deaths. On contrary to cigarette smoking, dhumapana (herbal smoke inhalation) is one of the very unique routes of drug administration described by the ancient Acharyas.

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose of medicated dhumapana described in Ayurvedic treatises is prevention or management of vata-kapha disorders. Prayogika dhumapana is advised to be practiced regularly for health promotion and protection of our body. The present study was carried out to prepare prayogika dhumavarti (herbal cigarette) and explore the safety of prayogika dhumapana, by analyzing and comparing the chemical composition of its smoke to that of tobacco smoke.

Materials and Method:

Prayogika dhumavarti was prepared as per the classical text, with contents of eladi gana mentioned in Sushruta Samhita. Analytical tests were performed for various parameters, e.g. tar, nicotine, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons for herbal as well as nonherbal cigarette.

Results:

The amount of tar in prayogika dhumavarti (herbal cigarette) was eight times lesser than the tobacco cigarette (nonherbal sample). The amount of carbon monoxide was found to be 4.0 ppm and 9.0 ppm, respectively; the amount of carbon dioxide was found to be 2281 ppm and 2702 ppm, respectively, in herbal and nonherbal samples.

Conclusion:

Hence, on laboratory analysis, prayogika dhumapana was found to be safe on some major parameters.
Percutaneous Sonoguided Pulsed Radiofrequency Ablation for Managing Pain associated with Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Garg Komal , Nanda Samridhi
Published: December 2023

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a sudden, unilateral, recurrent, and intense paroxysmal pain in the region of distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. TN can be effectively treated by minimally invasive techniques such as microvascular decompression, balloon compression, and conventional radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion. The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve can also be individually targeted for pain relief. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is an alternate technique for treating pain along specific branches and has been proven to be a minimally invasive, safe, and effective interventional treatment choice for such patients. A 36-year-old female presented with pain on the left side of the cheek and upper lip part in the infraorbital nerve distribution (V2) and was diagnosed with TN. A neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging were done. Medical treatment was prescribed initially but showed minimal improvement. Her pain was assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Score. PRF ablation (PRFA) was done using short bursts of radiofrequency for 2 min each cycle with silent phases in between. Adequate pain relief was achieved with no complications postprocedure.
Expect the Unexpected!! – Transient Cranial Nerve Palsies after Radiofrequency Ablation of Gasserian Ganglion for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Matche Pratibha , Sathiah Prabhakar , Paneyala Shasthara , Bajaj Aishwarya
Published: December 2023

Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common type of craniofacial neuralgia, characterized by paroxysmal lancinating electric shock-like pain confined to the somatosensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Fluoroscopy-guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Gasserian Ganglion (RFA-GG) is the commonly performed minimally invasive pain intervention in these patients. Various complications such as masseter weakness, corneal anesthesia, dysesthesia, anesthesia dolorosa, keratitis, and cranial nerve deficits have been reported during the procedure. We present the case of a 58-year-old male diagnosed with left-sided trigeminal neuralgia involving mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3 division) with a Numerical Rating Scale of 9/10 at the time of presentation. As the patient was unresponsive to medical management, RFA of the V3 division of GG was performed with acceptable sensory and motor stimulation. Postablation, 1 ml of 1.0% Lidocaine injection with 2 mg injection dexamethasone was given. After the procedure, the patient complained of dizziness, left-sided hearing loss, and double vision on looking toward the left side. On examination, deviation of the angle of the mouth toward the right side, reduced blink reflex on the left side, and incomplete closure of the left eyelid were observed. Vitals were stable and there was no respiratory discomfort. The patient was reassured and monitored in the recovery room. Signs and symptoms were transient and the patient recovered completely after 45 min. Clinical findings were suggestive of the involvement of three cranial nerves: the abducens nerve, the facial nerve, and the vestibulocochlear nerve. Spillage of local anesthetic solution into adjacent cranial nerves surrounding the GG might be the causative mechanism for transient cranial nerve palsies in this case.
Extradiagnostic use of dermoscopy: A report of two cases
Authors: Bhat Yasmeen Jabeen , Bashir Yaqzata , Khursheed Uzair
Published: December 2023

Dermoscopy refers to evaluation of the skin surface using surface microscopy. It is mainly used for the diagnosis of skin disorders. We report two cases in which dermoscopy played a role in treatment. Our first case was a 40-year-old female with history of insect bite. We evaluated the patient using a dermoscope and removed the tick with mouth part embedded in dermis using forceps ensuring full removal after procedure. The second case was a 35-year-old female who presented with a non-healing ulcer over lower back, following excision of epidermoid cyst. Dermoscopy showed the presence of a thread which was removed and repeat dermoscopy following extraction ensured its full removal.
Fibroadenoma in axillary breast tissue - Utility of rapid on-site evaluation & report of two cases
Authors: Santosh Tummidi , Patro Manoj K. , Puneeta Nagiredla
Published: December 2023

Fibroadenoma of axillary breast tissue presents as a palpable mass, cyclic pain in the axilla, and with asthetic concerns. Axillary breast tissue can occur anywhere along the primitive embryonic milk lines, extending from the axilla to the groin, and can present unilaterally or bilaterally. The reported incidence of axillary breast tissue is 0.4%–6% in females. We had two cases of fibroadenoma in the axilla that were diagnosed on rapid on-site evaluation and later confirmed by routine cytology stains in young females. We report the cases for their rarity and high degree of clinical suspicion in the young reproductive age group female. We also emphasize the utility of ROSE in cytopathology.
A free fatty acid receptor agonist inducing autophagy in HT-29 cells by downregulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Hoveizi Elham , Rafienia Behnoosh , Shahriari Ali
Published: December 2023

Aims:

GW9508, a free fatty acid receptor agonist acts in a G-coupled protein receptor 40 (GPR40)-dependent pathway. Here, we investigated the induction of stress oxidative and autophagy by GW9508 in the human colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29) and the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptotic in HT-29 cells.

Methods:

HT-29 was treated with GW9508 at a concentrations range of 50–500 μM in fibrin gel. Cell viability was investigated using an MTT assay. Induction of autophagy and apoptosis was assessed through Western blotting for associated proteins, acridine orange staining, MDC staining, qRT-PCR, and electron microscopy. Also, we estimated the molecular interactions between GW9805 and some markers through molecular docking.

Results:

GW9508 inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and resulted in autophagy. The induced autophagy in cells was confirmed by the observation of autophagosomes, the presence of autophagy markers, including beclin-1, LC3, AMPK, and lack expression of mTOR and AKT. Moreover, GW9508 treatment significantly increased the expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase in cells.

Discussion:

Our results indicated that GW9508 could induce autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR in HT-29. Hence, GW9508 is suggested as a novel anticancer reagent.
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation Nora’s lesion: Case report of two cases with review of the literature
Authors: Hegde Vindhyaprabha , Mallya Varuna , Tomar Reena , Khurana Nita , Maini Lalit
Published: December 2023

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) is also known as Nora’s disease. It is a benign lesion. Even though recent studies showed probable neoplastic etiology, the exact cause is unknown. BPOP commonly involves small bones of hands and feet. This condition is rare and very few cases are reported. In this report, two cases are presented with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings. The first case was a 38-year-old female presented with 3-year history of mild painful swelling in the left middle finger and the second case was a 28-year-old male with the left leg swelling for 8 years. On radiology, both cases showed surface lesion with uninvolved medullary cavity. Excision specimen of both the lesions subjected for histopathological examination. Microscopically, there was irregular maturation of the bone and cartilage. Cartilage showed purplish-blue color (blue bone) with bizarre chondrocytes. BPOP is a rare benign condition. Awareness of clinical radiological and microscopic findings is needed for correct diagnosis and to differentiate it from other mimicking benign and malignant conditions.
Effect of radiotherapy on phagocytosis percentage and index in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shenpaga Priya Immudi Paranjothi , Rajmohan Muthusamy , Prasad Harikrishnan , Sri Chinthu Kenniyan Kumar , Prema Perumal , Mahalakshmi Loganathan , Shanmuganathan Sivanandham
Published: December 2023

Background:

Phagocytosis plays an important role in the fundamental process of immunity and maintains systemic tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis function is assessed in radiotherapy to signify the prognosis of patient. Therefore, we designed a study to assess and compare the phagocytosis percentage and phagocytic index of the leucocytes in patients with oral cancer before and after radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 subjects of both genders, between 50 and 75 years old, were included in the study. The subjects were categorized into three groups: group I: oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients before radiotherapy (n = 20), group II: OSCC patients after radiotherapy (n = 20), and group III: control (n = 20). Further, 2-mL blood samples were collected from the patients during the 1st day before radiotherapy and at the end of radiotherapy. The obtained samples were centrifuged, separated leucocytes were incubated with C. albicans, and smears were made to determine the phagocytosis percentage and phagocytic index. The obtained values were tabulated and statistically analyzed. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

Phagocytosis percentage and phagocytic index of OSCC patients before radiotherapy, OSCC patients after radiotherapy, and in the control group and the difference was found to be statistically highly significant (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Phagocytosis function can be determined by assessing the phagocytic index and percentage to know the effect of radiotherapy-induced systemic immune suppression and predict the prognosis of OSCC patients after radiotherapy.
Genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP2C and risk of cervical cancer among rural population of Maharashtra: Findings from a hospital-based case-control study
Authors: Datkhile Kailas D. , Patil Satish R. , Patil Madhavi N. , Durgawale Pratik P. , Jagdale Nilam J. , Deshmukh Vinit N. , More Ashwini L. , Gudur Rashmi A. , Gudur Anand K.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Last few decades, multiple studies all over the world revealed the association of genetic polymorphism in cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes with risk of developing different type of cancers, but contradictory outcomes were evidenced in case of cervical cancer (CC) risk. Therefore, the discrepancies in earlier reports influenced us to evaluate the association of CYP1A1*2A rs4646903, CYP1B1*3 rs1056836, CYP2C8*2 rs11572103, CYP2C9*2 rs1799853, CYP2C9*3 rs1057910, and CYP2C19*2 rs4244285 polymorphisms and CC susceptibility in the women of rural population of Maharashtra.

Materials and Methods:

In this case-control study, genetic association of the polymorphisms in CYP genes was studied by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) method. The study was conducted among 350 clinically confirmed CC patients and 350 healthy volunteers in a population of south-western Maharashtra. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value were evaluated to get the level of association where P ≤ 0.005 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:

After the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, we noticed that CYP1B1*3 rs1056836 (Leu4326Val) polymorphism possessed a significantly elevated risk (OR = 3.28; 95% CI: 2.18–4.94; P < 0.0001), whereas CYP2C19*2 rs4244285 showed significantly lower risk (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33–0.85 P < 0.009) of CC in the studied rural population.

Conclusion:

The findings from this study supported that rs1056836 SNP of CYP1B1*3 increase CC development, whereas rs4244285 of CYP2C19*2 lowers the CC risk in the studied population.
Evaluation of survival outcomes and prognostic factors of carcinoma anal canal at a tertiary cancer center
Authors: Mishra Himanshu , Mishra Ritusha , Singh Ankita , Mandal Abhijit , Singh Tej B. , Asthana Anupam K.
Published: December 2023

Context:

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is considered a standard of care for patients with carcinoma anal canal. Being an unusual malignancy, there is limited Indian data regarding survival outcomes and prognostic factors.

Aim:

To evaluate survival outcomes and associated prognostic factors in patients with carcinoma anal canal treated with radical intent.

Methods and Material:

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, treated with radical intent between 2015 and 2019 were included in the study. Data regarding the baseline characteristics of the patients and treatment outcomes were collected and analyzed. Survival rates were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method. To determine survival difference between the groups, log-rank test was used. Multivariate analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazard models and P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Forty-two patients were identified after applying suitable eligibility criteria. The median age was 55 years (range: 26–80 years).The median follow-up duration was 23.5 months (range: 1.9–51.9 months). The 3-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional (LRC) were 78.5%, 53.1%, and 66.4%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, inferior DFS was significantly affected by lack of concurrent chemotherapy (CT) (hazard ratio [HR], 11.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92–68.78; P = 0.007) and radiotherapy (RT) dose of 45 Gy or less (HR, 35.96; 95% CI, 6.32–204.56; P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

For patients of carcinoma anal canal, concurrent CT and RT dose are independent prognostic factors influencing DFS.
Predictors of response in EGFR-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Dogan Izzet , Khanmammadov Nijat , Yıldız Anıl , Ahmed Melin Aydan , Vatansever Sezai , Saip Pinar , Aydiner Adnan
Published: December 2023

Background:

The goal of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant metastatic non-small cell cancer and to determine the factors that predict objective response.

Materials and Methods:

In the study, data from metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors were retrospectively reviewed. Factors predicting objective response were evaluated with logistic regression analysis.

Results:

The study evaluated the data of 105 patients. The most common EGFR mutations detected in patients were exon 19 (56.2%) and exon 21 (23.8%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) associated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors was 20.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.4–26.7) months. The median overall survival (OS) in the post-metastasis period was found to be 30.8 (95% CI, 20.2–41.4) months. Five- and seven-year OS was determined as 28.7% and 22.9%, respectively. Factors predicting the objective response were analyzed. Presence of drug-related toxicity (P = 0.02), histopathologic type (P = 0.01), metastasis burden (P = 0.03), and EGFR mutation type (P = 0.04) were found to be statistically significant in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

In our study, we found that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective and safe. Better response to EGFR inhibitors was observed in the presence of drug-induced toxicity, adenocarcinoma histology, low metastasis burden, and exon 19 mutation.
Biofilm formation and Streptococcus mutans adhesion on different coated and noncoated nickel-titanium archwires: An in vitro study
Authors: Nookala Havisha , Jain Ravindra K , Ganesh P Sankar
Published: December 2023

Aim:

The orthodontic archwires used in routine practice are coated with esthetic coatings to keep up with the aesthetic demand among patients seeking orthodontic treatment, which have been reported to increase the surface roughness (SR) of archwires and lead to an increase in bacterial and plaque accumulation. This in vitro study aims to compare the biofilm formation and bacterial adherence between esthetic coated and noncoated archwires.

Material and Methods:

This experimental in vitro study was conducted using three aesthetic coated and two noncoated nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires (n = 5/group). The archwires were subjected to artificially cultured Streptococcus mutans broth followed by colony count assessment (CFU) and crystal violet staining assay to determine S. mutans adhesion and biofilm formation. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software for inter-group and intra-group comparisons of CFU and biofilm formation (optical density) with one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test and Mann–Whitney’s U test.

Results:

A significant difference in CFU/biofilm was observed at 3% sucrose concentration between the tested archwires (P = 0.029) and epoxy coated (Libral) archwire had higher S. mutans adhesion when compared to its noncoated counterpart (P = 0.035). The biofilm formation however showed no statistical difference between the tested archwires.

Conclusion:

A significant difference was noted in S. mutans adherence (CFU/biofilm) under 3% sucrose condition, with greater S. mutans adherence in epoxy coated archwire. In vivo use of aesthetic coated archwires is at a similar risk of biofilm accumulation as their noncoated counterparts.