bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soft tissue contour and radiographic evaluation of ridge preservation in early implant placement: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jonker Brend Pjotr , Gil Alfonso , Naenni Nadja , Jung Ronald Ernst , Wolvius Eppo Bonne , Pijpe Justin
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To compare two ridge preservation techniques and spontaneous healing in terms of hard and soft tissue changes 2 months after tooth extraction.

Material and methods

The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial and included 75 patients. After single tooth extraction in the maxillary incisor/premolar area, patients were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (a) ridge preservation with a xenogeneic bone substitute covered with a collagen matrix (CM‐group), (b) ridge preservation with a xenogeneic bone substitute covered with a free palatal graft (PG‐group) or (c) spontaneous healing (control). Eight weeks after tooth extraction, implants were placed and clinical, profilometric and radiographic evaluations were performed. In addition, the need for further guided bone regeneration (GBR) at implant placement was assessed. The differences between the treatment groups were compared with the One‐way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test with the corresponding post hoc analysis. The proportions of the categorical parameters were compared with the Fisher´s exact test.

Results

Seventy‐five patients underwent early implant placement 8 weeks after tooth extraction and were evaluated. CM‐group (−0.9 SD 0.6 mm) and PG‐group (−1.0 SD 0.8 mm) showed less horizontal bone resorption compared to the control group (−3.2 SD 2.1 mm) (p < .001). Moreover, the necessity of GBR at implant placement was significantly less in CM‐group (32%) and PG‐group (24%) when compared to control group (72%) (p = .001). Patients in CM‐group experienced less pain than PG‐group, one week after tooth extraction (p = .042). No significant differences were found regarding graft evaluation, post‐operative complications, and soft tissue contour.

Conclusions

Ridge preservation using a xenogeneic bone substitute covered with a collagen matrix or a palatal graft, results in less bone resorption and fewer GBR procedures at early implant placement compared to spontaneous healing.
The comparative evaluation of transcrestal and lateral sinus floor elevation in sites with residual bone height ≤6 mm: A two‐year prospective randomized study
Authors: Zhou Yiqun , Shi Yang , Si Misi , Wu Mengjie , Xie Zhijian
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes between transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) and lateral sinus floor elevation (LSFE) approaches of simultaneous implant placement in atrophic maxilla.

Materials and Methods

Patients with a residual bone height (RBH) ≤6 mm were enrolled and randomly assigned to TSFE and LSFE groups. Patients in both groups simultaneously underwent sinus floor elevation with bovine‐derived xenograft and implant placement. Clinical and radiographic results were evaluated immediately after surgery and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG), apical implant bone height (ABH), endo‐sinus bone–implant contact rate (EBICR), and crestal bone level (CBL) were assessed using panoramic radiographs.

Results

Forty‐one implants (TSFE: 21, LSFE: 20) were placed in cases with a mean RBH of 3.77 ± 1.16 mm. All implants obtained clinical success and satisfactory ESBG at 24 months. No significant differences were found in ESBG and ABH between two groups immediately after surgery, but LSFE group showed significantly higher values than TSFE group thereafter. Grafts in TSFE group reached stability 6 months earlier than that in LSFE group. In both groups, EBICR was almost 100%, and CBL showed no detectable changes.

Conclusions

LSFE can achieve higher ESBG 2 years after surgery. Otherwise, TSFE could be an alternative to LSFE, when the access for lateral window preparation is limited. Both approaches were highly predictable for RBH ≤6 mm during 24‐month observation period for the implants placed simultaneously.
Beyond transanal total mesorectal excision: short‐term outcomes of transanal total mesorectal excision in locally advanced rectal cancer requiring resection beyond total mesorectal excision
Authors: Larach José Tomás , Rajkomar Amrish K. S. , Smart Philip J. , McCormick Jacob J. , Heriot Alexander G. , Warrier Satish K.
Published: November 2020

Aim

The aim of this work was to define the role of transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) requiring resection beyond the mesorectal plane.

Method

We performed a retrospective review of the outcomes of a case series of patients undergoing taTME for rectal cancer with mesorectal fascia or adjacent organ involvement.

Results

Eleven patients (six men) underwent taTME for LARC requiring resection beyond total mesorectal excision (TME). All had a restorative procedure. The transabdominal approach was open in five and minimally invasive in six cases. All patients required the resection of at least one adjacent structure, including presacral fascia, internal iliac vessels, nerve roots, uterus, vagina or seminal vesicles. Four patients required a pelvic side‐wall lymph node dissection and four had intraoperative radiotherapy. In all cases, the transanal approach was useful to disconnect the rectum distally, resect adjacent organs or control the R1 risk‐point. Three patients had a complication of Clavien–Dindo grade III or above (one mechanical bowel obstruction, one pelvic collection and one urine sepsis). There were no anastomotic complications. Ten patients had an R0 resection. During a median follow‐up of 11 (8.6–16) months there were no local recurrences, but two patients had distant metastases. During the study period, eight patients underwent closure of their stoma whilst the remaining three have had normal anastomotic assessments and will be closed in the future.

Conclusion

This early series shows that implementation of taTME for resections beyond TME may be feasible and safe in a highly selected setting.
Strategic leadership and technological innovation: A comprehensive review and research agenda
Authors: Kurzhals Christopher , Graf‐Vlachy Lorenz , König Andreas
Published: November 2020

Research Question/Issue

We review the literature on the relationship between strategic leadership and technological innovation.

Research Findings/Insights

We identify the theoretical lenses that researchers apply when studying strategic leadership and innovation, most notably agency theory and upper echelons theory. We review the innovation constructs and measures that scholars employ, and we survey the links among strategic leaders' characteristics and technological innovation. Ultimately, we organize the literature into an integrative framework that provides a concise overview of the extant knowledge, and we outline an agenda for future research.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

First, we offer scholars a discipline‐spanning overview of the extant knowledge on the topic. Second, by integrating important aspects of corporate governance, such as the role of the board of directors, incentives for the chief executive officer or the top management team, and firm ownership, into the context of technological innovation, we highlight the vital role it plays in the realm of technological innovation. Third, we provide a useful guide for scholars and direct their work towards fruitful avenues for future research.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

We offer insights for practitioners interested in better understanding the bidirectional relationship between strategic leadership and technological innovation. In particular, our framework and our detailed analysis of the impact of strategic leaders on technological innovation can guide shareholders and board members in matters related to board composition as well as top executive selection and compensation.
The influence of cognitive load on static balance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Van Hove Olivier , Cebolla Ana Maria , Andrianopoulos Vasileios , Leduc Dimitri , Guidat Pierre Antoine , Feipel Véronique , Deboeck Gaël , Bonnechère Bruno
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may demonstrate cognitive function and balance deterioration. These two phenomena are often realized simultaneously during daily living activities, where the risk of falling may be increased due to possible postural disturbance when focusing on a cognitive task during motion. Despite the high rate of falls in COPD, there is currently a lack of affordable clinical instruments to quantify the interaction between cognitive tasks and static balance in these patients. Therefore, this study aims to assess the balance perturbation induced by cognitive tasks using a new cost‐effective protocol which can easily be implemented in clinical settings.

Method

A total of 21 COPD patients (Age: 64 ± 8 yrs, Forced Expiratory Volume in one second = 41 ± 17%, Women: 7) and 21 matched healthy controls participated in the study. They performed two cognitive tasks (counting backward by 3s and naming animals) with eyes open and with eyes closed. Each trial lasted 60 s, with balance‐related parameters recorded and quantified using a Wii Balance Board. A three‐way ANOVA (cognitive task, eyes action, and health status) for balance‐related parameters derived from the center of pressure displacement was performed.

Results

COPD, vision, and cognitive tasks altered the balance; no interaction between conditions was observed. There was no correlation between cognitive ability, respiratory function, and the balance‐related parameters.

Conclusion

Compared to healthy controls, the COPD patients had impaired balance. Cognitive tasks altered postural control in both COPD and controls, where this alteration was more pronounced with eyes closed.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Lokesh Komarla Sundararaja , Chaya Sindaghatta Krishnarao , Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah , Praveena Attahalli Shivanarayanprasad , Krishna Murali , Madhivanan Purnima , Mahesh Padukudru Anand
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Low Vitamin D levels have been associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and acute exacerbations.

Objectives

There is a paucity of data on Vitamin D and COPD, its severity and exacerbations in populations that are exposed to sunlight regularly with high levels of physical activity most of their lives.

Methods

Serum levels of 25‐OH‐Vitamin‐D were assessed in 100 COPD subjects and 100 age‐ and gender‐matched controls from the rural community‐based MUDHRA cohort in South India. Levels of <20 ng/mL were defined as Vitamin D deficiency. Smoking habits, occupation, Charlson co‐morbidity index, Standard of living index(SLI), body mass index(BMI), 6‐minute walking distance were examined for associations with logistic regression between controls and COPD subjects. Unconditional logistic regression was used to examine the association with exacerbation of COPD.

Results

Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 64.5% (95%CI 57.7–70.8) of the subjects in spite of regular exposure to sunlight. Subjects with COPD had higher risk of Vitamin D deficiency (Adjusted OR: 5.05; 95%CI 1.4–17.8) as compared to controls. Amongst subjects with COPD, Vitamin D deficient subjects were three times more likely to have exacerbations in the previous year (Adjusted OR:3.51; 95%CI 1.27–9.67) as compared to COPD subjects without Vitamin D deficiency. Levels of Vitamin D <20.81 ng/mL and <18.45 ng/mL had the highest levels of combined sensitivity and specificity for COPD and acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) respectively.

Conclusion

In a rural population exposed to sunlight many hours a day throughout their lives, low Vitamin D levels were associated with COPD and exacerbations of COPD.
Spindle cell variant of epithelioid cell histiocytoma (spindle cell histiocytoma) with ALK gene fusions: Cases series and review of the literature
Authors: Kazlouskaya Viktoryia , Ho Jonhan , Jedrych Jaroslaw , Karunamurthy Arivarasan
Published: November 2020

Background

Epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma (EFH) is an uncommon dermal neoplasm expressing anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein. Rarely a histopathological variant of this entity exhibits exclusively spindle cells. We report three cases of EFH that do not completely fulfill phenotypic criteria featuring spindle cell morphology and expressing ALK protein. We also analyze the fusion partner genes rearranged with ALK in these cases.

Methods

ALK expression and rearrangement status were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next generation sequencing based gene fusion analysis.

Results

Three cases, all from females between 25 and 55 years old, have been biopsied from back, left arm, and thumb. All three cases showed tumor with exclusively spindle cell morphology without any epithelioid cells. The tumor cells exhibited strong ALK expression by IHC and FISH study confirmed ALK gene rearrangement in all three cases. DCTN1‐ALK fusion was identified in two cases.

Conclusion

EFH is not always purely epithelioid and its spindled cell variant, spindle cell histiocytoma, should be included in the differential diagnosis of superficial dermal spindled cell neoplasms. ALK immunostain is a useful diagnostic marker for this entity and further studies may be useful to investigate whether DCTN1‐ALK fusion mutations are specific to EFH with spindled cell features.
Glycaemic control with add‐on thiazolidinedione or a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes after the failure of an oral triple antidiabetic regimen: A 24‐week, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bae Jaehyun , Huh Ji Hye , Lee Minyoung , Lee Yong‐Ho , Lee Byung‐Wan
Published: November 2020

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of adding either a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) or thiazolidinedione (TZD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with triple therapy.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective, open‐label, multicentre, 24‐week clinical trial, we randomly assigned 119 patients with T2D who failed to achieve glycaemic control (7% < HbA1c ≤ 10%) with conventional triple oral antidiabetic agents (OADs; metformin, sulphonylurea and dipeptidyl peptide‐4 [DPP‐4] inhibitor) into two groups who received either an SGLT2i or TZD. The primary endpoint was mean change in HbA1c level between the two groups at 24 weeks.

Results

In total, 119 patients were enrolled in the SGLT2i (n = 60) and TZD (n = 59) groups. Mean age of the study subjects was 61.86 years, and the mean duration of T2D was 13.89 years. After 24 weeks, both groups showed significant reductions in HbA1c (from 7.94% ± 0.74% to 6.97% ± 0.84% in the SGLT2i group and from 8.00% ± 0.78% to 7.18% ± 0.98% in the TZD group), without a significant between‐group difference (P = .235). A significant body mass index (BMI) reduction was noted in the SGLT2i group, whereas an increase in BMI was noted in the TZD group (−0.79 ± 1.37 vs. 0.92 ± 0.86 kg/m2, P < .001). Other safety profiles were favourable in both groups.

Conclusions

The current study shows that an SGLT2i or TZD could be a valid option as a fourth OAD for treatment of patients with T2D inadequately controlled with a triple combination of OADs.
Barriers and Supports for UX/Design Leaders: from Tactical to Strategic Collaboration
Authors: Frishberg Nancy , Convertino Gregorio
Published: November 2020

The establishment of a UX Research function within the newly recognized Customer Experience organization gave rise to cases of failure and success, and developed a roadmap toward increased feedback from end‐user customers, as well as lessons in risk prevention.
Two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic finding of left atrial compression resulting from blunt trauma to the thoracic spine
Authors: Gupta Rakesh , Nanda Navin C. , Sozzi Fabiola , Chakraborti Nandita , Mangla Sidharth , Gupta Tanya , Elmarzouky Zeyad M. , Dulal Subash
Published: November 2020

We present an adult female in whom two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated encroachment of the thoracic spine on the left atrium (LA) resulting in a very small, compressed LA cavity by a prominent thoracic spine shadow. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed compression of the LA produced by localized anterior deformation of the thoracic spine which had resulted from blunt injury to her spine following a fall from a swing several years previously.
Stock markets in turmoil: political institutions and the impact of elections
Authors: Lausegger Martin
Published: November 2020

This paper explores how elections impact stock markets across diverse political institutions. I argue that electoral and party systems impact the fragmentation, credibility, and predictability of electoral information, influencing levels of uncertainty resolved by elections and leading to distinct stock market reactions. First, elections in majoritarian electoral systems produce larger cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) than elections in proportional representation systems. Second, the weaker institutionalized a party systems is, the larger are the CARs around elections. Third, these two institutional variables interact. Elections in majoritarian (proportional representation) systems with weak (strong) party system institutionalizations will have particularly large (small) CARs. I formally derive these propositions, conduct event studies of the impact of 87 elections on SMs in 21 countries from 1999 to 2016, and analyze four case studies.
Malaysian dental students’ knowledge of managing dental trauma in children
Authors: Mahmood Izatul Arifah , Morshidi Dayang Nurhidayah Abg , Hamzah Siti Hajar , Baharuddin Izyan Hazwani , Ahmad Mas Suryalis
Published: November 2020

Objective

This study sought to assess dental students’ training and experiences in addressing traumatic dental injury (TDI), and, more specifically, their knowledge of TDI management in children.

Methods

All Year 1 to Year 5 dental students (n = 413; response rate = 72.9%) were invited to participate in an online, self‐administered survey, which was based on a validated questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed via chi‐squared test (p < .05) using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software program.

Results

Only a few students were found to have undergone first‐aid training in TDI (19.3%) and to have encountered TDI incidents (10.6%) before. Almost all preclinical and clinical students agreed that TDI constitutes an emergency (97.8% vs. 99.4%, respectively) and that tooth avulsion requires immediate care (97.1% vs. 99.0%, respectively). However, almost half of the students (48.8%) did not know the management protocols for a fractured tooth. Compared with clinical students, a significantly lower percentage of those in preclinical study knew the following: (1) the main cause of TDI, (2) the teeth that most commonly experience avulsion, (3) the management protocols for an avulsed tooth (e.g., handling, transportation and urgency of professional intervention) and (4) the management protocols for a fractured tooth (e.g., appropriate storage medium and need for immediate treatment). Amongst the clinical students, a significantly lower percentage of those in Year 3 knew how to transport and store avulsed and fractured teeth, and which teeth are most likely to experience avulsion.

Conclusion

This study identified areas of TDI education in need of further refinement. Revision of the dental curriculum in terms of design, content, teaching method and delivery time may thus be warranted.
The influences of conceptions of mathematics and self‐directed learning skills on university students' achievement in mathematics
Authors: Alotaibi Khaled , Alanazi Sultan
Published: November 2020

This study tested the mediating role of self‐directed learning skills (SDL) between students’ conceptions of mathematics and their achievement in mathematics using a structural equation model. Data were collected using the “Conceptions of Mathematics Questionnaire” and the “Self‐Rating Scale of Self‐Directed Learning”, together with students’ achievement in mathematics. A sample of 440 first year university students at King Saud University participated in the study. The findings confirm the moderating role of students’ self‐directed learning skills between their conceptions of mathematics and their achievement in mathematics. Students who have a highly fragmented conception of mathematics tended to have low SDL skills, and in turn low mathematics achievement (partial mediation), whereas students who have a highly cohesive conception of mathematics tended to have high self‐directed learning skills, and in turn high mathematics achievement (full mediation). Mathematics educators should be aware that students’ conceptions of mathematics may be influential, but not sufficient to predict achievement in mathematics. Equipping students with appropriate conceptions of mathematics and self‐directed learning skills is key to enhancing their performance in mathematics.
Modified adeno‐associated virus targets the bacterial enzyme chondroitinase ABC to select mouse neuronal populations in vivo using the Cre‐LoxP system
Authors: Carstens Kelly E. , Gloss Bernd R. , Alexander Georgia M. , Dudek Serena M.
Published: November 2020

Current methods of experimentally degrading the specialized extracellular matrix (ECM), perineuronal nets (PNNs) have several limitations. Genetic knockout of ECM components typically has only partial effects on PNNs, and knockout of the major ECM component aggrecan is lethal in mice. Direct injection of the chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) enzyme into the mammalian brain is effective at degrading PNNs in vivo but this method typically lacks consistent, localized spatial targeting of PNN degradation. PNNs also regenerate within weeks after a ChABC injection, thus limiting the ability to perform long‐term studies. Previous work has demonstrated that viral delivery of ChABC in mammalian neurons can successfully degrade PNNs for much longer periods, but the effects are similarly diffuse beyond the injection site. In an effort to gain cell‐specific targeting of ChABC, we designed an adeno‐associated virus encoding ChABC under the control of the Cre‐LoxP system. We show that this virus is effective at targeting the synthesis of ChABC to Cre‐expressing mouse neurons in vivo. Although ChABC expression is localized to the Cre‐expressing neurons, we also note that ChABC is apparently trafficked and secreted at projection sites, as was previously reported for the non‐Cre dependent construct. Overall, this method allows for cell‐specific targeting of ChABC and long‐term degradation of PNNs, which will ultimately serve as an effective tool to study the function of cell‐autonomous regulation of PNNs in vivo. This novel approach may also aid in determining whether specific, long‐term PNN loss is an appropriate strategy for treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with PNN pathology.
Blood markers in remote ischaemic conditioning for acute ischaemic stroke: data from the REmote ischaemic Conditioning After Stroke Trial
Authors: Appleton Jason P. , O’Sullivan Saoirse E. , Hedstrom Amanda , May Jane A. , Donnelly Richard , Sprigg Nikola , Bath Philip M. , England Timothy J.
Published: November 2020

Background and purpose

Remote ischaemic per‐conditioning (RIC) is neuroprotective in experimental ischaemic stroke. Several neurohumoral, vascular and inflammatory mediators are implicated. The effect of RIC on plasma biomarkers was assessed using clinical data from the REmote ischaemic Conditioning After Stroke Trial (RECAST‐1).

Methods

RECAST‐1 was a pilot sham‐controlled blinded trial in 26 patients with ischaemic stroke, randomized to receive four 5‐min cycles of RIC within 24 h of ictus. Plasma taken pre‐intervention, immediately post‐intervention and on day 4 was analysed for nitric oxide (nitrate/nitrite) using chemiluminescence and all other biomarkers by multiplex analysis. Biomarkers were correlated with clinical outcome (day 90 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale, Barthel index).

Results

Remote ischaemic per‐conditioning reduced serum amyloid protein (SAP) and tissue necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) levels from pre‐ to post‐intervention (n = 13, two‐way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Overall (n = 26), increases in SAP pre‐ to post‐intervention and pre‐intervention to day 4 were moderately correlated with worse day 90 clinical outcomes. No consistent significant changes over time, or by treatment, or correlations with outcome were seen for other biomarkers.

Conclusions

Remote ischaemic per‐conditioning reduced SAP and TNF‐α levels from pre‐ to post‐intervention. Increases in plasma levels of SAP were associated with worse clinical outcomes after ischaemic stroke. Larger studies assessing biomarkers and the safety and efficacy of RIC in acute ischaemic stroke are warranted to further understand these relationships.
Calmodulin level is significantly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease
Authors: Chen Cao , Hu Chao , Zhou Wei , Chen Jia , Shi Qi , Xiao Kang , Wang Yuan , Dong Xiao‐Ping
Published: November 2020

Background and purpose

Human prion diseases (PrDs) are a group of fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative disorders that are diagnosed definitively in post mortem brains. Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous calcium‐binding protein. Increased brain CaM level has been reported in prion‐infected rodent models and some scrapie‐infected cells. However, the putative alteration of CaM in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human PrDs is uncertain. Here, we try to figure out the profiles of CSF CaM in sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jacob disease.

Methods

Cerebrospinal fluid samples of 40 Chinese patients with probable sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jacob disease (sCJD) and 40 cases without sCJD (non‐PrDs) were recruited in this study. The presence of CaM in the CSF was assessed by Western blot, while total tau levels were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit. In addition, the presence of CaM in another CSF panel consisting of 30 definite sCJD cases and 30 non‐PrD cases was evaluated using CaM‐specific Western blot analysis.

Results

Cerebrospinal fluid CaM positivity was observed in 28/40 cases of probable sCJD and in 9/40 non‐PrD cases. The CSF tau levels in the probable sCJD cases were markedly higher than those in the non‐PrD cases. Logistic regression established a significant correlation between CSF CaM signal and total CSF tau level. Similar results were observed in the panel of cases with definite sCJD: the rates of CSF CaM positivity in the definite sCJD cases and the non‐PrD cases were 22/30 and 6/30, respectively.

Conclusions

Although CSF CaM positivity might not be a sCJD‐specific phenomenon, a significantly high rate of CaM‐positive CSF in sCJD cases, especially in those with high CSF tau levels, rendered it a valuable diagnostic biomarker for sCJD.
Transcriptional flexibility during thermal challenge corresponds with expanded thermal tolerance in an invasive compared to native fish
Authors: Komoroske Lisa M. , Jeffries Ken M. , Whitehead Andrew , Roach Jennifer L. , Britton Monica , Connon Richard E. , Verhille Christine , Brander Susanne M. , Fangue Nann A.
Published: November 2020

Capacity to cope with warming temperatures is a key determining factor of species' persistence under global climate change. Many successful invasive species have heightened thermal tolerance relative to their native counterparts, which may provide competitive advantages for habitat utilization and resource acquisition under warming scenarios, ultimately contributing to radically altered community composition. Enhanced transcriptional plasticity may be an important factor conferring superior abilities to cope with environmental stress, but the molecular mechanisms driving key differences of organismal traits in invasive versus native species are not well known. Although it is predicted that established invaders will evolve canalized phenotypes well‐adapted to new environments, it is not clear whether the same expectations are true for invaders of variable thermal environments or under climate warming scenarios where abilities to cope with fluctuating and increasing temperatures may provide fitness advantages. Here, we compare a highly successful invasive fish and a sympatric endangered native fish living in a dynamic estuarine environment that is projected to warm under climate change. We linked organismal physiological limits with global transcriptional responses at multiple common relative and absolute temperature thresholds and determined that heightened thermal tolerance of invasive Inland Silversides (Menidia beryllina) is associated with transcriptional changes that are greater both in the number of genes and the magnitude of response relative to native Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus). Modulated genes contributed to the enrichment of biological processes that differed between species and generally increased with temperature. These results are in concordance with the hypothesis that transcriptional plasticity may play a key role in determining population persistence, species interactions, and shaping community assemblages under climate change. Future studies encompassing a wider range of species and taxa are needed to determine whether this is a general pattern found between native and invasive species more broadly.
Downgrading Deontic Authority in Open Dialogue Reflection Proposals: A Conversation Analysis
Authors: Ong Ben , Barnes Scott , Buus Niels
Published: November 2020

The Open Dialogue approach promotes collaboration with clients and families in decisions about the direction of therapy. This creates potential problems for Open Dialogue therapists who seek collaboration but also have responsibility for managing the session. Using conversation analysis, we examined 14 hours of video recordings of Open Dialogue sessions, and specifically how therapists proposed the transition to a reflecting conversation. We found that, when making proposals to reflect, therapists routinely downgrade their deontic authority (i.e., adopt a less powerful, more collaborative position). They did this through framing proposals as interrogatives, providing accounts, and by prefacing their proposals with “I’m wondering”. More heavily downgraded proposals made acceptance less salient, potentially risking transition to the reflection. These findings provide more detail on how theoretical concepts such as “collaboration” and “power” are actually displayed and negotiated in practice and can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of what constitutes Open Dialogue.
Identifying Spatiotemporal Clusters by Means of Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering and Bayesian Regression Analysis with Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients: Methodology and Application to Dengue Disease in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Jaya I Gede Nyoman Mindra , Folmer Henk
Published: November 2020

Dengue disease has serious health and socioeconomic consequences. Preventive actions are needed to avoid outbreaks. Bayesian spatiotemporal models with conditional autoregressive (CAR) and random walk (RW) priors are two common smoothing approaches used in disease mapping to develop early warning systems and action plans. However, this approach can lead to over‐smoothing, such that discontinuities in the risk surface are “averaged” out. Moreover, local variation in the relationship between disease risk and spatiotemporal risk factors can be concealed by the assumption of homogeneous regression effects. To overcome these problems, we propose a two‐stage spatiotemporal clustering approach. In the first stage, an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm is applied to map out the complete set of cluster configurations. In the second stage, the optimal cluster configuration is selected using a spatiotemporal model with spatiotemporally varying coefficients. The methodology is applied to data for 30 districts in the city of Bandung, Indonesia, for the period January 2012 to December 2016. Weather factors are used as the risk factors. High‐risk and low‐risk clusters are identified that strongly vary across space and time, with sunshine duration, precipitation, evaporation, and humidity as the most important risk factors.
Multicenter prospective study of stereotactic body radiotherapy for previously untreated solitary primary hepatocellular carcinoma: The STRSPH study
Authors: Kimura Tomoki , Takeda Atsuya , Sanuki Naoko , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Imagumbai Toshiyuki , Katoh Norio , Eriguchi Takahisa , Oku Yohei , Ozawa Shuichi , Tsurugai Yuichiro , Kokubo Masaki , Shimizu Shinichi , Ishikura Satoshi
Published: November 2020

Aim

To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for patients with previously untreated solitary primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

The main eligibility criteria included the following: (1) primary solitary HCC; (2) no prior treatment for HCC; (3) Child–Turcotte–Pugh score of seven or less; and (4) unsuitability for or refusal of surgery and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The prescribed dose of SBRT was 40 Gy in five fractions. The primary endpoint was 3‐year overall survival (OS); the secondary endpoints included local progression‐free survival (LPFS), local control (LC), and adverse events. The accrual target was 60 patients, expecting a 3‐year OS of 70% with a 50% threshold.

Results

Between 2014 and 2018, 36 patients were enrolled; enrollment was closed early because of slow accrual. The median tumor size was 2.3 cm. The median follow‐up at the time of evaluation was 20.8 months. The 3‐year OS was 78% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53%–90%). The 3‐year LPFS and LC proportion were 73% (95% CI: 48%–87%) and 90% (95% CI: 65%–97%), respectively. Grade 3 or higher SBRT‐related toxicities were observed in four patients (11%), and grade five toxicities were not observed.

Conclusions

This study showed acceptably low incidence of SBRT‐related toxicities. LC and OS after SBRT were comparable for previously untreated solitary HCC for patients unfit for resection and RFA. Although a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn by this study, the promising results indicate that SBRT may be an alternative option in the management of early HCC.
Shaping a librarian; the impact of Shane Godbolt as manager, mentor and more
Authors: Jones Louise
Published: November 2020

A personal appreciation of Shane Godbolt as a colleague and friend.
Facial radiance influences facial attractiveness and affective impressions of faces
Authors: Ikeda Hanako , Saheki Yuriko , Sakano Yuichi , Wada Atsushi , Ando Hiroshi , Tagai Keiko
Published: November 2020

Objective

Facial attractiveness has been reported to be influenced by visual features such as facial shape and the colour and texture of the skin. However, no empirical studies have examined the effects of facial skin radiance on facial attractiveness. The present study investigated whether types of skin reflection (i.e. radiant, oily and shiny, and matte) and the position of the reflection on the face influence facial attractiveness and other affective impressions.

Methods

A total of 160 female participants (1) estimated the ages and (2) evaluated attractiveness and other impressions of unfamiliar female faces in a total of seven skin reflection conditions. These conditions incorporated three types of reflection (i.e. radiant, oily and shiny, and matte) and three positions of the reflection on the face (i.e. entire facial skin, only cheeks, and only T‐zone).

Results

The facial images of radiance on entire faces were rated as appearing younger than the facial images of oily shine on entire faces and the matte faces. Attractiveness ratings and other positive impressions increased in the order of the matte (ranked lowest), the oily shine on entire face, and the radiance on entire face (ranked highest) conditions. The reflection position also influenced facial attractiveness: attractiveness ratings and other positive impressions were higher in the radiance on entire face condition than in the radiant cheeks and the radiant T‐zone conditions. Interestingly, the radiant cheek faces were rated more radiant and healthier but less feminine and less bright than the radiant T‐zone faces.

Conclusion

These results suggest that facial radiance enhances facial attractiveness and conveys a wide variety of positive impressions on the observer. The magnitude of the effects of cheek radiance and T‐zone radiance differs across various affective impressions. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that cheek and the T‐zone radiance both contribute to higher attractiveness and other positive impressions of the radiance on entire faces. We believe that our findings can contribute as a guide to the enhancement of positive facial impressions by means of skin radiance, thereby leading to a better understanding of the value of skincare and base makeup.
A comparative questionnaire study of patient complaint levels between magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler (Cavitron®) and piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers
Authors: Ikeda Yuichi , Kawada Ayako , Tanaka Daiki , Ikeda Eri , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Iwata Takanori
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Ultrasonic scalers often cause an uncomfortable feeling to patients during the procedure. This study was conducted to compare patient complaint levels between magnetostrictive (M‐USSC) and piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers (P‐USSC) during supragingival scaling.

Methods

This study enrolled 82 subjects who received supportive periodontal therapy for at least 2 years. At each recall visit, probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and O’Leary plaque control record (O’PCR) were recorded. Then, supragingival scaling was performed using P‐USSC (Varios or Petit Piezo) at the first visit and M‐USSC (Cavitron) at the second visit. After each treatment, a questionnaire survey was performed using the Wong‐Baker Faces Pain Scale for six items, which included the typical complaints occurring during ultrasonic scaling.

Results

The scores for all the six items related to patient complaints were greater for P‐USSC than for M‐USSC (p < 0.001). Patient complaints such as discomfort, pain, sound, vibration, hyperesthesia and length of treatment time were ameliorated in 74%, 65%, 80%, 67%, 57% and 53% of subjects using M‐USSC, respectively. On the other hand, only <5% of subjects showed deterioration in terms of each complaint.

Conclusion

This study suggested that M‐USSC causes fewer patient complaints during supragingival scaling than P‐USSC. M‐USSC may improve patient motivation and compliance and may contribute towards achieving successful treatment outcomes. However, this result could differ depending on the shape of the tip and the insert and treatment site. Further research will be required under various conditions.
Mango (Mangiferaindica L.) leaf extracts as ingredient for the formulation of functional beverages with biological activity
Authors: Medina‐Saavedra Guadalupe Yeraldin , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés , Vargas‐Rivera Yamill , Sánchez‐Valera Oscar Valeriano , Cabal‐Prieto Adán , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús , Ramón‐Canul Lorena Guadalupe
Published: November 2020

The biological activity of mango leaf extracts from different mango varieties was evaluated in terms of total phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymes. Leaf extract‐based beverages were formulated and evaluated for some physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties. Results indicated that the extract from 'Tommy Atkins' mango leaves had the highest total phenols content (137.08 mg of GAE g−1) and antioxidant activity (DDPH = 38.26 mg TEAC 100 g−1; ABTS = 59.13 mg TEAC 100 g−1). The beverage formulated with 20% leaf extract presented the highest percentage of antioxidant activity (38.63%) and inhibition of enzymes α‐amylase (41.9%) and α‐glucosidase (37.53%). All beverages presented a yellow hue and consumers rated it with a degree of liking between 4.8 and 7.3 according to a hedonic scale. Results showed that the biological properties of beverages could be an alternative for the control of free radicals and glucose levels.
Recommendations from paediatric dentistry associations of the Americas on breastfeeding and sugar consumption and oral hygiene in infants for the prevention of dental caries: A bibliometric review
Authors: Gomes Silva Cerqueira Aline , Baraúna Magno Marcela , Barja‐Fidalgo Fernanda , Vicente‐Gomila José , Cople Maia Lucianne , Fonseca‐Gonçalves Andrea
Published: November 2020

Background

The Internet provides a plethora of information on health issues related to children's oral health.

Aim

Identify online recommendations of paediatric dentistry associations of the Americas (PDAAs) regarding breastfeeding practices, weaning, sugar introduction and initiating oral hygiene.

Design

Websites of PDAAs were accessed to record recommendations/questions (Q) relevant to early childhood that specifically covered issues about exclusive breastfeeding—Q1, indications of bottle feeding—Q2, when and how to start weaning—Q3 and Q4, respectively, association of breast milk and dental caries—Q5, when to start oral hygiene and how to introduce it—Q6 and Q7, respectively, and guidance on the introduction of sugar—Q8. Similarity/dissimilarity frequencies between the associations (Euclidean distances) were calculated.

Results

From 35 countries on the two American continents, 21 associations were affiliated with the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry and/or the Latin American Pediatric Dentistry Association, whereas eight did not have websites. Higher (P < .05) dissimilarities for Q6 (68.2%), Q7 (72.7%), and Q8 (62.1%) were observed. Results were similar for Q1 and Q5 (P > .05). No association mentioned Q2, Q3 or Q4 responses, whereas Q7 was the most frequently discussed issue.

Conclusion

Not all of the investigated issues are mentioned on websites of PDAAs, potentially stymieing efforts by both the layperson and health professional to gather information.
Dental pain, parental SARS‐CoV‐2 fear and distress on quality of life of 2 to 6 year‐old children during COVID‐19
Authors: Samuel Srinivasan R. , Kuduruthullah Syed , Khair Al Moutassem B. , Shayeb Maher Al , Elkaseh Abed , Varma Sudhir R.
Published: November 2020

Background

Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has crippled life, families and oral healthcare delivery in India due to nationwide lockdown.

Aim

Through cross‐sectional design, we investigated the impact of child's dental pain, caregiver's fear of SARS‐CoV‐2 and parental distress on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQOL) of preschoolers during the nationwide COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown.

Design

Preschool children self‐reported their pain using Pieces of Hurt scale; caregiver SARS‐CoV‐2 fear was assessed using Fear of COVID‐19 scale and parental distress evaluated using 4‐item scale. Child's oral health was assessed using the dmft index and OHRQOL evaluated using early childhood oral health impact scale. Bivariate, multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors; statistical significance was set at 5%.

Results

Sample mean age was 4.58 years, and about 69% were boys. Children reporting higher pain scores (OR = 1.9) due to decayed teeth and having dmft > 5 (OR = 4.25), followed by greater parental distress (OR = 4.13) and fear of SARS‐CoV‐2 (OR = 3.84), were significantly associated with poor OHRQOL during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Conclusions

Greater parental distress and fear of COVID‐19 among caregivers, higher self‐perceived dental pain among children and caries experience are associated with poor OHRQOL of preschool children during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Benefits of the application of heat and pressure on peripheral venous cannulation in adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Simón‐López Leticia Carmen , Luquero‐Bueno Sergio , Ovejero‐Benito María C. , Cuesta‐Lozano Daniel , Goodman‐Casanova Jessica Marian , Vargas‐Castrillón Emilio , Mazarro Dolores Ochoa , De Miguel‐Cáceres Alejandro , Posada‐Moreno Paloma , Zaragoza‐García Ignacio , Ortuño‐Soriano Ismael
Published: November 2020

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of the application of topical heat, high pressure or a combination of both on antebrachial venous cannulation.

Design

A cross‐over clinical trial blinded for haemolysis analysis.

Methods

This cross‐over clinical trial with two periods was performed in the Clinical Trial Unit of Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (Madrid) during June–July of 2017 in 59 healthy adults who were randomly allocated to one of three interventions: (1) Using dry topical heat for 7 min produced by two hot seed bags (N = 21), (2) Applying controlled pressure from a sphygmomanometer inflated to 100 mmHg (N = 18) and (3) combining heat and pressure (N = 20) in one period out of two. All interventions were contrasted to standard clinical practice in the other period. The comparator involved a standard tourniquet around the upper arm to restrict venous blood flow. The primary outcome was effectiveness measured as vein cannulation at first attempt. Secondary outcomes were vein perception, pain, haemolysis in blood samples and adverse events.

Results

All the interventions were more effective than comparator. Vein perception was optimized in about all individuals. Moreover, pain relief was significantly higher when high pressure was applied. Haemolysis was not affected in any of the three interventions. In addition, no serious adverse events appeared.

Conclusion

High pressure is determined to be the most effective in vein catheterization, pain relief, vein perception and quality of blood sample inalterability. Moreover, it is safe considering that only one adverse event appeared.

Impact

Vein cannulation is a very common invasive technique, where repeated failures have been registered. Thus, we consider it relevant to develop interventions to achieve venous catheterization at first attempt to alleviate the pain and anxiety associated with this technique. We advocate using high pressure intervention for emergency, due to swiftest method and feasible in case of lacking resources, such as sphygmomanometers in the ambulance.

Interventions can be extrapolated to healthy young adults, adults and patients who have healthy vein status perception. Pressure intervention could be an alternative to heat intervention when performing vein cannulation due to its lower risk of transient paresthesia for older people who often suffer from arterial hypertension.
A Practice‐Focused Case for Animal Moral Agency
Authors: Behdadi Dorna
Published: November 2020

Considerations of nonhuman animal moral agency typically base their reasoning and (very often negative) verdict on a capacity‐focused approach to moral agency. According to this approach, an entity is a moral agent if it has certain intrapersonal features or capacities, typically in terms of conscious reflection and deliberation. According to a practice‐focused notion of moral agency, however, an entity is a moral agent in virtue of being a participant of a moral responsibility practice (MRP). I argue that a practice‐focused approach to moral agency, combined with empirical evidence from research on canid social play and cognition, with support from The Function Argument, makes the notion of nonhuman animal moral agency more likely than usually indicated. However, the support is not absolute, as the practice‐focused approach itself may be put into question. I describe how this objection prompts us to critically assess any empirical, metaethical, or normative assumptions on these matters. These questions, in turn, raise a number of further questions of how we should conceive of, use, and evaluate whatever standards of moral agency we adopt.