bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using evidence‐based decision‐making and cognitive apprenticeship approach to develop students' entrepreneurial mindset
Authors: Bosman Lisa , Magana Alejandra
Published: July 2024

Developing one's entrepreneurial mindset is important for all students, regardless of discipline. Evidence‐based decision‐making (which has the potential to lower costs and improve quality of life) is one approach for applying entrepreneurially minded learning in the undergraduate classroom. This approach allows students to understand trends related to data, in general, and big data, specifically. Furthermore, it better prepares graduates to evaluate and identify effective data science‐based solutions. The purpose of this study is to report on one pedagogical approach to developing the entrepreneurial mindset through integrating evidence‐based decision‐making into the engineering and technology classroom using Microsoft Power BI Desktop (a freely available tool released by Microsoft in September 2013, where “BI” implies Business Intelligence). A mixed methods assessment was conducted including a rubric to measure students' effectiveness in applying the entrepreneurial mindset and a metacognitive reflection to better understand student motivation, awareness of learning, and engagement. First, the rubric was applied, and students were categorized by performance group (e.g., high, mid, low). Second, each performance group was analyzed to identify themes within the reflections. Our findings suggest that students in the high‐performing group communicated overall high levels of motivation, while students in the low‐performing group shared overall moderate levels of motivation. The relationship between performance and motivation among students in the mid‐performing group was inconclusive. Findings from our study suggest that there may be a relationship between students' performance and motivation. The key study implications relate to the use of new literacies, such as technological literacy, data literacy, and human literacy, as practices for promoting the development of an entrepreneurial mindset. Our findings suggest that our approach was effective in accomplishing this goal, but there is also room for improvement. Lessons learned and recommendations are provided.
A qualitative study of stakeholders' experiences with and acceptability of a technology‐supported health coaching intervention (SHARE‐S) delivered in coordination with cancer survivorship care
Authors: Price Sarah N. , Houston Thomas K. , Sadasivam Rajani S. , Wentworth Stacy , Chandler Allison , Strahley Ashley , Kittel Carol , Balakrishnan Kavitha , Weaver Kathryn E. , Dellinger Rebecca , Puccinelli‐Ortega Nicole , Kong Jinhee , Cutrona Sarah L. , Foley Kristie L. , Sohl Stephanie J.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Healthy cancer survivorship involves patients' active engagement with preventative health behaviors and follow‐up care. While clinicians and patients have typically held dual responsibility for activating these behaviors, transitioning some clinician effort to technology and health coaches may enhance guideline implementation. This paper reports on the acceptability of the Shared Healthcare Actions & Reflections Electronic systems in survivorship (SHARE‐S) program, an entirely virtual multicomponent intervention incorporating e‐referrals, remotely‐delivered health coaching, and automated text messages to enhance patient self‐management and promote healthy survivorship.

Methods

SHARE‐S was evaluated in single group hybrid implementation‐effectiveness pilot study. Patients were e‐referred from the clinical team to health coaches for three health self‐management coaching calls and received text messages to enhance coaching. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 patient participants, 2 referring clinicians, and 2 health coaches to determine intervention acceptability (attitudes, appropriateness, suitability, convenience, and perceived effectiveness) and to identify important elements of the program and potential mechanisms of action to guide future implementation.

Results

SHARE‐S was described as impactful and convenient. The nondirective, patient‐centered health coaching and mindfulness exercises were deemed most acceptable; text messages were less acceptable. Stakeholders suggested increased flexibility in format, frequency, timing, and length of participation, and additional tailored educational materials. Patients reported tangible health behavior changes, improved mood, and increased accountability and self‐efficacy.

Conclusions

SHARE‐S is overall an acceptable and potentially effective intervention that may enhance survivors' self‐management and well‐being. Alterations to tailored content, timing, and dose should be tested to determine impact on acceptability and outcomes.
A Systematic Review on Biochemical Perspectives on Natural Products in Wound Healing: Exploring Phytochemicals in Tissue Repair and Scar Prevention
Authors: Raza Ali , Chohan Tahir Ali , Zaidi Syeda Huma H. , Hai Abdul , Alzahrani Abdullah R. , Abida  , Imran Mohd , Saleem Hammad
Published: July 2024

Wound healing is a critical process in tissue repair following injury, and traditional herbal therapies have long been utilized to facilitate this process. This review delves into the mechanistic understanding of the significant contribution of pharmacologically demonstrated natural products in wound healing. Natural products, often perceived as complex yet safely consumed compared to synthetic chemicals, play a crucial role in enhancing the wound‐healing process. Drawing upon a comprehensive search strategy utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, this review synthesizes evidence on the role of natural products in wound healing. While the exact pharmacological mechanisms of secondary metabolites in wound healing remain to be fully elucidated, compounds from alkaloids, phenols, terpenes, and other sources are explored here to delineate their specific roles in wound repair. Each phytochemical group exerts distinct actions in tissue repair, with some displaying multifaceted roles in various pathways, potentially enhancing their therapeutic value, supported by reported safety profiles. Additionally, these compounds exhibit promise in the prevention of keloids and scars. Their potential alongside economic feasibility may propel them towards pharmaceutical product development. Several isolated compounds, including chlorogenic acid, thymol, and eugenol from natural sources, are undergoing investigation in clinical trials, with many reaching advanced stages. This review provides mechanistic insights into the significant role of pharmacologically demonstrated natural products in wound healing processes.
Natural Peroxides from Plants: Historical Discovery, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities
Authors: Asmaey Mostafa A. , Hamed Abdelaaty , Shaaban Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Naturally occurring peroxides received great interest and attention from scientific research groups worldwide due to their structural diversity, versatile biological activities, and pharmaceutical properties. In the present review, we describe the historical discovery of natural peroxides from plants systematically and update the researchers with recently explored ones justifying their structural caterogrization and biological/pharmaceutical properties intensively. Till the end of 2023, 192 peroxy natural products from plants were documented herein for the first time implying most categories of natural scaffolds (e. g. terpenes, polyketides, phenolics and alkaloids). Numerically, the reported plants’ peroxides have been classified into seventy‐four hydro‐peroxides, hundred seven endo‐peroxides and eleven acyl‐peroxides. Endo‐peroxides (cyclic alkyl peroxides) are an important group due to their high variety of structural frameworks, and we have further divided them into “four‐, five‐, six and seven”‐membered rings. Biosynthetically, a shedding light on the intricate mechanisms behind the formation of plant‐derived peroxides are addressed as well.
Morphological and Chemical Diversity within JapaneseLaurenciaComplex (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Yamagishi Yukimasa , Kamada Takashi , Ishii Takahiro , Matsuura Hiroshi , Kikuchi Norio , Abe Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Minoru
Published: July 2024

Seaweeds of the red algal genusLaurenciaare distributed worldwide in tropical, subtropical to temperate zones, growing in Japan from Hokkaido to Okinawa.Laurenciais highly difficult to classify morphologically because of a high degree of morphological variation within individual species. Nevertheless,Laurenciainvestigation is favored by organic chemists as it produces uniquely structured compounds. Halogenated secondary metabolites are considered to be used as chemical markers for chemical systematics (chemotaxonomy) of this troublesome genus. As a “weedy seaweed”,Laurenciais not effectively utilized, yet it produces a variety of metabolites and thus, holds good potential for containing compounds with specific activity, especially in aspects of secondary metabolites. In this review, we reported significant morphological features to distinguish species in this genus, and the morphological features, habitat, distribution, and chemical composition that help discriminate JapaneseLaurenciaspecies.
Superior oblique paresis after endoscopic brow lift: A case report
Authors: Shekarchian Farid , Motamed Shariati Mehrdad , Karimi Amir Abadi Mitra
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Although a forehead lift is generally a safe surgery, it has well‐known complications. Iatrogenic SO paresis is one of the rare complications following forehead lifting procedures which almost resolves spontaneously.

This report aims to introduce a woman with superior oblique (SO) muscle paresis following the brow and forehead lift procedure. A 30‐year‐old woman with a history of brow and forehead lift surgery was referred to the ophthalmic emergency department complaining of vertical diplopia. A right eye hypertropia was obvious at the left gaze. A Park's three‐step test showed right eye superior oblique paresis. Other ophthalmic examinations including slit‐lamp examination, tonometry, and dilated fundoscopy were unremarkable for both eyes. After a 3‐month follow‐up period, she had no diplopia. No sign of SO paresis was apparent in her ocular motility examinations. Iatrogenic SO paresis is one of the rare complications following forehead lifting procedures which almost resolves spontaneously.
Breast milk‐transmitted acquired cytomegalovirus infection in an extremely low birth weight infant
Authors: Shinohara Tamao , Nemoto Atsushi , Fujihara Hiroyuki , Murakami Yasushi , Maebayashi Yuki , Saito Tomohiro , Katsumata Nobuyuki , Naitoh Atsushi
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

We encountered an extremely low birth weight infant with breast milk‐transmitted cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. To determine the transmission route, we conducted direct sequence analysis of two variable CMV genes, UL139, and UL146. When utilizing breast milk, the possibility of acquired CMV infection should be considered and tested for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Recent Progress of Electrocatalysts Made by Sputtering Technology for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Gultom Noto Susanto , Ha Quoc‐Nam , Silitonga Mikha Zefanya , Kuo Dong‐Hau
Published: July 2024

Hydrogen is an emerging alternative green fuel for global decarbonization with a high energy density and zero‐emission. Developing electrocatalysts with strong adhesion, active, and highly efficient that can be operated at high current densities is vital to producing green hydrogen at a large scale via electrocatalytic water splitting (EWS). The sputtering technique is an innovative and prospective alternative to fabricate electrodes for EWS due to its scalability, purity, strong adhesion, chemical‐, solvent‐, and waste‐free catalyst preparation. This review article provides an overview of recent electrocatalyst advances for EWS made by the sputtering technique, emphasizing its distinct advantages over other methods, such as hydrothermal synthesis and drop‐casting. We also provide the recent difficulties associated with the scale‐up issue and outlook to overcome those difficulties, as well as the future direction of the electrocatalysts to meet industrial needs.
Immobilised Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Ene‐Reductase Work in Concert to Reduce Cyclohex‐2‐enone in Bulk Organic Solvent
Authors: Pintor Antía , Volkov Alexey , Lavandera Iván , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente
Published: July 2024

Enone reduction by ene‐reductase (ERED) has not been reported yet in bulk organic media probably due to expected challenges with the cofactor recycling using a second enzyme and the exchange of the NAD(P)‐cofactor between the two enzymes. Herein, the combination of an ERED from Zymomonas mobilis (NCR‐ERED) and Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus alcohol dehydrogenase (TeSADH) has been found as an efficient biocatalytic redox system for the reduction of cyclohex‐2‐enone into cyclohexanol in bulk organic solvents. Both enzymes were successfully immobilised on three EziG supports, finding Coral as the most promising carrier for both of them. The highest enzymatic activities were found in hydrophobic solvents such as toluene and isooctane. It was observed that the control of water content and post‐immobilisation treatments enabled retention of enzyme activity. Both enzymes were co‐immobilised on the same bead together with NADP+, leading to the production of a self‐sufficient catalytic system, although the external supplementation of the nicotinamide cofactor was necessary for an efficient enzyme reuse. In this case, no ERED activity loss was detected after two additional cycles, while the ADH experienced less than 20 % activity loss upon reuse.
A Rational Design Strategy for Metal Exchanged Zeolites in the Conversion of Methane to Methanol – A Pathway Towards Commercial Viability
Authors: Dorathy Daniel , Taylor Ethan W. , Göltl Florian
Published: July 2024

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and reducing methane released to the atmosphere is crucial in limiting global warming. A promising strategy is to convert methane to higher valuable chemicals right after emission. One class of materials active for this chemistry are metal exchanged zeolites. In this concept paper, we describe how it is possible to rationalize the performance of metal exchanged zeolites for the selective conversion of methane to methanol. We explore how phase diagrams can be used to identify condition dependent active site structures, how synthesis can be used to stir site distribution, and how the performance of single metal sites can be calculated. Combining these three aspects then allows to understand and predict experimentally measured quantities such as methane conversion and spectroscopic signals. In the end, we outline the most promising strategies to bring this technology to industrial feasibility.
Suppressing Protodeboronation in Cu‐Mediated 19F/18F‐Fluorination of Arylboronic Acids: A Mechanistically Guided Approach Towards Optimized PET Probe Development
Authors: Sun Jingkai , Jaworski Carolin , Schirrmacher Ralf , Hall Dennis G.
Published: July 2024

Fluorinated arenes play a crucial role in drug discovery, specialty materials, and medical imaging. Although several variants for Cu‐mediated nucleophilic fluorination of arylboronic acids and derivatives have been developed, these protocols rarely address the occurrence and control of protodeboronation, which greatly complicates product separation and can compromise the effectiveness of a radiotracer for in vivo imaging. Consequently, simpler and more efficient procedures are needed to allow rapid 18F/19F‐fluorination of both arylboronic acids and esters while minimizing protodeboronation. Mechanistic controls revealed that in addition to a high temperature, strong donor ligands such as acetonitrile and pyridine accentuate a Cu‐mediated protodeboronation. This observation guided the optimization of a ligandless procedure, with t‐BuOH as solvent, to activate fluoride under milder conditions at lower temperatures minimizing protodeboronation. Additionally, a new copper salt, Cu(ONf)2 was employed to further improve the fluorination efficiency. A large range of functional groups are tolerated under the new procedure, which is complete within 30 minutes at a temperature of 60 °C, and affords fluorinated arenes and heteroarenes in 39 % to 84 % yield. With minimal modifications, the protocol can also be applied in 18F‐radiofluorination, affording radiochemical conversions (RCCs) between 17 and 54 % with minimal protodeboronation compared to previously established protocols.
Airborne pollen exposure and risk of hospital admission for allergic rhinitis in Beijing: A time‐stratified case‐crossover study
Authors: Ouyang Yuhui , Yang Jun , Zhang Jingxuan , Yan Yun , Sun Shengzhi , Wang Jiajia , Li Xiaobo , Chen Rui , Zhang Luo
Published: July 2024

Background

Airborne pollen is a crucial risk factor in allergic rhinitis (AR). The severity of AR symptoms can vary based on pollen type and concentration. This study aimed to estimate the association between exposure to different pollen types and AR risk.

Methods

We obtained data from patients admitted to the Beijing Tongren Hospital for AR, and data on pollen concentration, meteorological factors, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from 13 districts in Beijing from 2016 to 2019. We used a time‐stratified case‐crossover study design and calculated odds ratios (ORs) related to the risk of AR associated with a 10 grain/1000 mm2 increase in total pollen concentrations for specific pollen types. A stratified analysis was conducted to assess whether the associations were varied by age and sex.

Results

The OR of AR associated with a 10 grain/1000 mm2 increase in the 7‐day average pollen concentration was 1.014 (95% CI: 1.014, 1.015), 1.076 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.082), 1.024 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.025), 1.042 (95% CI: 1.039, 1.045), 1.142 (95% CI: 1.137, 1.147), 1.092 (95% CI: 1.088, 1.097), 1.046 (95% CI: 1.035, 1.058), and 1.026 (95% CI: 1.024, 1.028) for total pollen, Ulmus, Cupressaceae, Populus, Fraxinus, Pinus, Betula, and Artemisia, respectively. Both tree pollen (Ulmus, Cupressaceae, Populus, Fraxinus, Betula, and Pinus) and weed pollen (Artemisia, Chenopodium, and Humulus) were correlated with an increased risk of AR. These associations remained consistent across distinct subgroups defined by both age and sex.

Conclusion

Exposure to pollen from trees and weeds might be associated with an increased risk of AR. This research provides valuable scientific support for both clinical practitioners and patients with AR regarding the hazards of pollen exposure.
Impact of three‐dimensional–printing technology guidance on surgical outcomes for retroperitoneal sarcoma: A propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Lin Jiaxin , Li Yingru , Feng Xiaochuang , Zhang Yu , Wang Jiahao , Liao Weilin , Li Hongming , Yi Xiaojiang , Gan Wenchang , Yuan Zhilong , Liu Fuheng , Shi Lishuo , Zeng Bing , Diao Dechang
Published: July 2024

Background

The surgical treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) is highly challenging because of its complex anatomy. In this study, the authors compared the surgical outcomes of patients with RPS who underwent surgical resection guided by three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology versus traditional imaging.

Methods

This retrospective study included 251 patients who underwent RPS resection guided by 3D‐printing technology or traditional imaging from January 2019 to December 2022. The main outcome measures were operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and hospital stay.

Results

In total, 251 patients were enrolled in the study: 46 received 3D‐printed navigation, and 205 underwent traditional surgical methods. Propensity score matching yielded 44 patients in the 3D group and 82 patients in the control group. The patients' demographics and tumor characteristics were comparable in the matched cohorts. The 3D group had significantly shorter operative time (median, 186.5 minutes [interquartile range (IQR), 130.0–251.3 minutes] vs. 210.0 minutes [IQR, 150.8–277.3 minutes]; p = .04), less intraoperative blood loss (median, 300.0 mL [IQR, 100.0–575.0 mL] vs. 375.0 mL [IQR, 200.0–925.0 mL]; p = .02), shorter postoperative hospital stays (median, 11.0 days [IQR, 9.0–13.0 days] vs. 14.0 days [IQR, 10.8–18.3 days]; p = .02), and lower incidence rate of overall postoperative complications than the control group (18.1% vs. 36.6%; p = .03). There were no differences with regard to the intraoperative blood transfusion rate, the R0/R1 resection rate, 30‐day mortality, or overall survival.

Conclusions

Patients in the 3D group had favorable surgical outcomes compared with those in the control group. These results suggest that 3D‐printing technology might overcome challenges in RPS surgical treatment.

Plain Language Summary

The surgical treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) is highly challenging because of its complex anatomy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology offers advantages over traditional two‐dimensional imaging (such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) for guiding the surgical treatment of RPS.

In a group of patients who had RPS, surgery guided by 3D‐printing technology was associated with better surgical outcomes, including shorter operative time, decreased blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and fewer postoperative complications.

These findings suggested that 3D‐printing technology could help surgeons overcome challenges in the surgical treatment of RPS.

3D‐printing technology has important prospects in the surgical treatment of RPS.
Dark channel enhancement research on human ear images based on smartphone photography
Authors: Lu Dongxin , Zheng Danni , Kou Lei , Li Qingfeng , Ke Wende
Published: July 2024

The experienced doctors can alleviate symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, anxiety, and depression by observing the patient's ears and massaging specific areas. In order to achieve remote ear condition diagnosis and guide patients to massage their ears independently through the network, patients can use their mobile phones to take and send photos of ears to doctors. However, due to significant differences in the clarity of photos taken by different mobile phones, as well as susceptibility to haze, lighting, jitter, and low pixels, the quality of photos is poor, which affects the accuracy of remote diagnosis by doctors. This study adopted an image preprocessing method based on He Kaiming's dark channel prior dehazing method to enhance the original ear images captured by mobile phones. The dehazing algorithm was used to remove the haze effect of the ear images, improving image quality and contrast, making the wrinkles, protrusions, pigmentation and other areas of the ear more obvious. The experiment has showed the comparison by adjusting weight from 15% to 95% between two methods—dark channel prior method and the dark channel prior method after preprocessing, which has proven the effectiveness of dehazing method in human ear images taken by mobile phones. The image quality after preprocessing and dehazing is widely recognized and accepted by doctors at hospitals in Hangzhou, China.
Rotational Spectroscopy of the Acetone‐Water Complex: Large Amplitude Motions
Authors: Gao Jiao , Carlson Colton D. , Thomas Javix , Xu Yunjie , Jäger Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

Acetone (CH3COCH3), the simplest ketone, has recently attracted considerable attention for its important role in atmospheric chemistry and in the formation of ices in extraterrestrial sources that contain complex organic molecules. In this study, we employed a combination of experimental rotational spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations to investigate the structure and dynamics of the acetone‐water complex. Our aim was to understand how non‐covalent interactions with water affect the methyl internal rotation dynamics of acetone, and how water‐centered large amplitude motions alter the observed physical properties compared to those predicted at the equilibrium position. Detailed rotation‐tunneling analyses of acetone‐H2O and ‐D2O reveal that the interactions with water disrupt the equivalence of the two methyl rotors, resulting in a noticeably lower methyl rotor barrier for the top with the close‐by water compared to that of free acetone. The barrier for the methyl group further from water is also lower, although to a lesser degree. To gain further insights, extensive theoretical modelling was conducted, focusing on the associated large amplitude motions. Furthermore, quantum theory of atoms in molecules and non‐covalent interactions analyses were utilized to visualize the underlying causes of the observed trends.
BOPHY Derivatives as Phototherapeutic Agents for the Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms
Authors: Chávez Hernández Claudia , Palacios Yohana B. , Gonzalez Lopez Edwin J. , Lopez Maribel , Durantini Edgardo N. , Durantini Andrés M. , Agazzi Maximiliano L. , Heredia Daniel A.
Published: July 2024

The improvement of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) significantly depends on the development of new families of photosensitizers (PSs). In this sense, three BOPHY derivatives (BP, BP‐Br and BP‐I) were synthetized, studied, and compared to assess their antimicrobial photodynamic properties. BP is an interesting fluorescent probe for cell imaging, while the halogenated analogs (BP‐Br and BP‐I) are excellent oxygen photosensitizing agents. BP compound presented a fluorescence quantum yield close unity and showed no reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In contrast, BP‐I did not show emission properties but exhibited a high production of ROS through both photodynamic mechanisms, generating singlet oxygen (type II) and superoxide radical anion (type I) under aerobic light irradiation. BP‐Br presented an adequate balance between ROS production and emission properties. The photokilling action and the binding to bacterial cells of these macrocycles were evaluated in vitro against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli bacteria. Our results demonstrated that the halogenated BOPHY derivatives were effective PSs in inactivating MRSA using shorter irradiation periods. In addition, the antimicrobial action sensitized by these BOPHYs was potentiated by adding KI. The combination of halogenated BOPHY and KI led to a complete elimination of both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Hence, BP‐Br and BP‐I prove to be potent broad‐spectrum antimicrobial PSs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that BOPHY derivatives have been applied to photokill pathogenic microorganisms.
A Comprehensive Review on Biomethane Production from Biogas Separation and its Techno‐Economic Assessments
Authors: Swinbourn Ross , Li Chaoen , Wang Feng
Published: July 2024

Biogas offers significant benefits as a renewable energy source, contributing to decarbonization, waste management, and economic development. This comprehensive review examines the historical, technological, economic, and global aspects of biomethane production, focusing on the key players such as China, the European Union, and North America, and associated opportunities and challenges as well as future prospects from an Australia perspective. The review begins with an introduction to biogas, detailing its composition, feedstock sources, historical development, and anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Subsequently, it delves into major biomethane production technologies, including physicochemical absorption, high‐pressure water scrubbing (HPWS), amine scrubbing (AS), pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane permeation/separation (MP), and other technologies including organic solvent scrubbing and cryogenic separation. The study also discusses general guidelines of techno‐economic assessments (TEAs) regarding biomethane production, outlining the methodologies, inventory analysis, environmental life cycle assessment (LCA), and estimated production costs. Challenges and opportunities of biogas utilization in Australia are explored, highlighting and referencing global projections, polarization in production approaches, circularity in waste management, and specific considerations for Australia. The review concludes discussing future perspectives for biomethane, emphasizing the importance of technological advancements, policy support, and investment in realizing its full potential for sustainable energy and waste management solutions.
Unlocking the Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer Processes: A Reusable Iron‐and‐UV‐Based System for Sustainable C−C Bond Formation
Authors: González‐Gallardo Nerea , Cores Alejandro , Marset Xavier , Guijarro Néstor , Guillena Gabriela , Ramón Diego J.
Published: July 2024

Catalytic C−H functionalization has provided new opportunities to access novel organic molecules more sustainably and efficiently. However, these procedures typically rely on precious metals or complex organic catalysts as well as on hazardous solvents or reaction conditions. Herein, a pioneering methodology for direct C−C bond formation enabled by Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) and mediated by UV irradiation has been developed using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) as sustainable reaction media. This direct C−H bond functionalization via a radical addition to electrophiles was successfully confirmed over a broad scope of substrates. More importantly, this is the first example of photocatalytic C−C bond formation in DESs. An inexpensive and abundant iron catalyst (FeCl3) was used under air and mild conditions. Different functional groups were well tolerated obtaining promising results that were comparable to those reported in the literature. Additionally, the reaction medium along with the catalyst could be reused for up to 5 consecutive cycles without a significant loss in the reaction outcome. Several green metrics were calculated and compared to those of conventional procedures, revealing the advantages of using DESs.
The Contribution of Shame to Eating Disorder Treatment Outcomes in a Community Mental Health Clinic
Authors: Kenny Samantha , Erceg‐Hurn David , Tonta Kate E. , Raykos Bronwyn C. , Campbell Bruce , McEvoy Peter
Published: July 2024

Objective

Shame is a powerful self‐conscious emotion that is often experienced by individuals with eating disorders (EDs). While the association between EDs and shame is well‐established, there is limited research investigating the contribution of pre‐treatment shame to clinical outcomes.

Method

Participants (N = 273) received outpatient cognitive‐behavioral therapy for eating disorders (CBT‐ED). We investigated pre‐treatment shame as a predictor of dropout and as a moderator of change in ED psychopathology and clinical impairment from pre‐treatment to post‐treatment. We also explored the potentially moderating roles of body mass index, ED diagnostic category, and co‐occurring anxiety and depression diagnoses.

Results

Shame improved substantially (d = 1.28) despite not being explicitly targeted in treatment. Pre‐treatment shame did not predict treatment dropout. Individuals high in shame started and ended treatment with higher ED symptoms and impairment than those with low shame. The contribution of pre‐treatment shame on the degree of change in symptoms/impairment depended critically on whether analyses controlled for pre‐treatment symptoms/impairment. When those were controlled, high pre‐treatment shame was associated with substantially less improvement in ED symptoms and impairment. There was some evidence that ED diagnosis and co‐occurring depressive diagnoses may moderate the relationship between shame and treatment outcome. Changes in shame were positively associated with changes in ED symptoms and clinical impairment.

Discussion

A high level of shame at pre‐treatment is not a contraindication for CBT‐ED as good therapeutic outcomes can be achieved. However, outcomes may be enhanced among individuals high in shame by offering adjunctive interventions that explicitly target shame.
Nocebo belief and attitudes towards side effect disclosure: A general population‐based online survey in Europe and North America
Authors: Sieg Mette , Clemens Kelly S. , Colloca Luana , Geers Andrew L. , Vase Lene
Published: July 2024

Background

With evidence for large nocebo effects in pain, guidelines for nocebo‐minimizing strategies regarding side effect disclosure are emerging. While the ethical implications and effectiveness of such strategies have been the subject of investigations, the perspective of healthcare users are missing despite the stakes for patient autonomy.

Methods

In an online survey, 2766 adults (≥18 years) from a general population sample in Europe and North America responded to questions related to nocebo familiarity, nocebo beliefs and attitudes towards side effect disclosure.

Results

Only 474 (17%) were familiar with nocebo terminology, while 1379 (50%) were familiar with the concept of nocebo side effects. Belief in nocebo side effects was not well‐established; 738 (31%) agreed that side effect information could increase side effect occurrence. Nocebo belief was associated with more negative attitudes towards side effect disclosure and 1962 (73%) indicated that positive framing was an acceptable way of disclosing side effect information. In general, the majority of participants (65–76%) held positive attitudes towards the disclosure of all potential side effects and 2309 (84%) favoured patient autonomy over nonmaleficence. Although the general patterns were similar in the European and North American sample, the latter showed stronger nocebo belief and stronger positive attitudes towards side effect disclosure.

Conclusions

The study found a consistent, moderate association between nocebo belief and attitudes towards nondisclosure, alongside positive attitudes towards the use of framing. Together with the discovered discrepancy between nocebo familiarity and nocebo belief, these findings have implications for the implementation of nocebo education and risk framing strategies.

Significance Statement

This is the first large‐scale, general population‐based study to contribute to the scientific discussion about nocebo side effects from the perspective of healthcare users. The findings have implications for the discussion on how to handle the medical and ethical problem of nocebo side effects in clinical practice.
Economic Evaluation of Using Ultracapacitors in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Rezaei Hossein , Abdollahi Seyed Ehsan , Abdollahi Seyedreza , Filizadeh Shaahin
Published: July 2024

The main challenge of hybridizing ultracapacitors (UCs) with batteries in electric vehicles is their uncertain economic viability, besides their complexity and weight, which should be fully addressed. Therefore, this article determines the general condition for achieving a justified economic system, which is held when the average annual cost (AAC) of a battery‐UC system over a vehicle's useful life is lower than the annual cost of a sole‐battery for a specific system design, energy management strategy, vehicle type, and driving style. As such, the energy storage system is designed in a case study vehicle, and the optimal current distribution is found by dynamic programming (DP) under UDDS, HWFET, and US06 driving cycles. Then, by economic analysis, it is indicated that although adding an UC incurs additional costs, it saves the AAC by improving the battery health and prolonging its lifespan up to a maximum of 15‐year calendar life, which proves its economic justification. Investing in UCs is more economically viable for vehicles with severe driving cycles and high current stress. Finally, the DP optimal trajectory is implemented into an experimental setup under the US06 driving cycle to verify the evaluated strategy.
Multi‐omics reveal the molecular basis of LrAN2 overexpression in black goji callus promoting the excessive accumulation of petanin, a promising food blue colorant
Authors: Ai Peiyan , Wei Guo , A Biao , Yang Chao , Wang Ying , Zeng Shaohua
Published: July 2024

Lycium ruthenicum fruit (LRF) is a potential source of natural colorant in a wide pH range due to richness in monoacylated anthocyanin petanin. However, the yield of LRF largely lags behind the market demand in food industry. In this study, overexpressing LrAN2 (LrAN2OE), an anthocyanin activator in LRF, produced excessive acylated anthocyanins including petanin in L. ruthenicum callus (LRC). Physiological analysis indicates that LrAN2OE extensively orchestrate the redox homeostasis, including antioxidant enzymes system and antioxidants with low molecular weight. KEGG enrichment analysis indicates that LrAN2 hierarchically orchestrate the acylated anthocyanin biosynthesis in LRC at multi‐omics level, such as small RNAome, transcriptome, and metabolome. The anthocyanin yield of LrAN2OE callus cultured by 5% sucrose or glucose is significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the anthocyanin yield approach to 96.23 mg/g dry weight, approximately 3.5 folds of that in LRF, when LrAN2OE suspension cells are cultured in liquid MS medium supplement with 5% sucrose and 100 mM NaCl. Notably, anthocyanins extracted from LrAN2OE callus are stable in pH 1.0–2.0, pH 7.0, and pH 9.0, showing red or blue color within 30 days at 4°C. Our findings suggest that LrAN2 is perfect gene resource for metabolic engineering of acylated anthocyanins in LRC, a promising chassis producing acylated anthocyanins. Taken together, LRC metabolically engineered by LrAN2 is a potential source of natural food color, which facilitates to make up the shortfall of LRF as source of natural colorant in future food industry.
Cross‐Asset Tandem Trading and Extraordinary Volatility
Authors: Garrison Robert , Jain Pankaj K. , Paddrik Mark
Published: July 2024

Cross‐asset order flow provides an incremental and novel nonlinear price discovery channel. Structural vector autoregressions of synchronized intraday message data reveal distinct patterns in the comovement of order flow and its influence on returns and volatility. While cross‐market order flow usually reconciles prices through small‐stakes arbitrage in periods of low volatility and comovement during medium volatility associated with information arrival, it can exacerbate price dislocation from fundamental values during extraordinary volatility. While applying market‐wide circuit breakers (MWCB) mitigates the extreme negative spillovers by jointly halting markets, we identify room for further harmonization during the MWCB market reopening process.
Spotlight on the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer with rare genetic alterations and brain metastasis: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Kaiyan , Yu Xiaoqing , Fan Yun
Published: July 2024

In patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), oncogenic variants present in <5% of cases are considered rare, the predominant of which include human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutations, mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) alterations, c‐ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangements, rearrangement during transfection (RET) fusions, v‐raf mouse sarcoma virus oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutations, and neurotrophic troponin receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions. Brain metastases (BMs) occur in approximately 10%–50% of patients with NSCLC harboring rare genetic variants. The recent advent of small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and macromolecular antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) has conferred marked survival benefits to patients with NSCLC harboring rare driver alterations. Despite effective brain lesion control for most targeted agents and promising reports of intracranial remission associated with novel ADCs, BM continues to be a major therapeutic challenge. This review discusses the recent advances in the treatment of NSCLC with rare genetic variants and BM, with a particular focus on intracranial efficacy, and explores future perspectives on how best to treat these patients.
A national survey on the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on gynecologic surgical training
Authors: Galvin Daniel , O'Reilly Barry , Greene Richard , O'Donoghue Keelin , O'Sullivan Orfhlaith E.
Published: July 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on gynecology surgical training.

Methods

A national cross‐sectional online survey was distributed to all trainees and trainers in the higher specialist training program for obstetrics and gynecology in Ireland. The survey consisted of questions on topics which included: the volume of surgical procedures performed before and since the pandemic, confidence in performing various gynecologic procedures before and since the pandemic and questions regarding the impact of the pandemic on wellbeing and work practices.

Results

Trainers and trainees experienced a significant reduction in operative volumes for most procedure types. Analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of minor procedures performed by trainees (z = −2.7, P = 0.007) and a significant reduction in the number of all procedure types performed by trainers (minor procedures z = −3.78, P = <0.001; intermediate procedures z = −4.48, P = < 0.001; major procedures z = −3.69, P = < 0.001). Respondents reported they had less time for research and audit, were less able to attend courses or conferences and worried about the impact of their work on their families.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this study has highlighted the current difficulties facing surgical trainees in gynecology because of the COVID‐19 pandemic. These challenges have compounded an already challenging training environment for gynecology trainees. Efforts must be made to continue to provide high‐quality tailored training to ensure the development of the next generation of gynecologic surgeons.
NEET and resilient: The lived experiences of a sample of South African emerging adults
Authors: Theron Linda , Levine Diane , Haffejee Sadiyya
Published: July 2024

There is scant understanding of what supports African emerging adults who are not in employment, education or training (i.e., NEET) to show resilience to NEET‐related challenges. This article narrows that gap by reporting an iterative phenomenological study with nine African emerging adults (mean age: 23.44; 66% female) who were NEET for the 18‐month duration of the study and living in a resource‐constrained community in South Africa. We interviewed each young person three times (June 2021; December 2021; June 2022). A reflexive thematic analysis of these interview transcripts showed that being NEET is a multifaceted challenge. Supported by a mix of personal, relational and environmental resources, young people managed this challenge by resisting or recuperating from destructive coping mechanisms and believing in a successful future self. These findings point to the importance of young people and their social ecologies (families, peers, service providers and policymakers) recognising and enacting their co‐responsibility for resilience to the compound challenges of being NEET.
Computational predictions of cocrystal formation: A benchmark study of 28 assemblies comparing five methods from high‐throughput to advanced models
Authors: Fox Robert , Klug Joaquin , Thompson Damien , Reilly Anthony
Published: July 2024

Cocrystals are assemblies of more than one type of molecule stabilized through noncovalent interactions. They are promising materials for improved drug formulation in which the stability, solubility, or biocompatibility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is improved by including a coformer. In this work, a range of density functional theory (DFT) and density functional tight binding (DFTB) models are systematically compared for their ability to predict the lattice enthalpy of a broad range of existing pharmaceutically relevant cocrystals. These range from cocrystals containing model compounds 4,4′‐bipyridine and oxalic acid to those with the well benchmarked APIs of aspirin and paracetamol, all tested with a large set of alternative coformers. For simple cocrystals, there is a general consensus in lattice enthalpy calculated by the different DFT models. For the cocrystals with API coformers the cocrystals, enthalpy predictions depend strongly on the DFT model. The significantly lighter DFTB models predict unrealistic values of lattice enthalpy even for simple cocrystals.
Workload as a predictor of radiographer preliminary image evaluation accuracy
Authors: Brown Cameron , Burck Anna , Neep Michael J.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Despite a demonstrated high accuracy and reported successful implementations, radiographer preliminary image evaluation (PIE) has been slow and infrequent in its rollout across Australia. A key barrier reported to hamper radiographer PIE service implementation is lack of adequate time to review radiographs and provide an accurate interpretation. This study sought to conduct a correlational analysis between radiographer imaging workload and PIE service accuracy.

Methods

A total of 45,373 exams and 1152 PIE comments evenly distributed each month from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022, were reviewed. PIE comments were assessed for consistency with the radiologist's report. The imaging workload (average exams completed per hour) was separated into three, eight‐hour ‘shifts’ based on time of imaging. Correlational analysis was performed using linear regression models and assessed for normality using the Shapiro‐Wilks test.

Results

The study reported no significant linear association between increasing average workload and reduced service accuracy (P = 0.136). It was however noted that when the average workload increased beyond 7 exams/hour, average service accuracy for PIE was always below 85%.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that, although perceived, there is no statistically significant correlation between x‐ray imaging workload and radiographer PIE service accuracy. Consideration of this correlation to be a significant barrier to participation in such a service was not reported at this site.
Performance of CMIP5 and CMIP6 models in reproducing the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and its global impacts
Authors: Qin Zongjin , Wang Tao , Chen Huopo , Gao Ya
Published: July 2024

This study assessed the capability of the historical simulations of phase 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5/6) in reproducing the temporal and spatial characteristics of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and its impact on global surface air temperature (SAT), surface equivalent potential temperature (Thetae_sfc) and precipitation. The IPO index time series simulated by CMIP5/6 models deviated from observations and struggled to capture the phase evolution characteristics of the IPO. Nevertheless, CMIP5/6 models successfully captured the horseshoe‐shaped sea surface temperature anomaly in the Pacific. Additionally, the CMIP5/6 models were able to simulate the IPO's 10–30‐year period. Notably, the simulated IPO index exhibited a statistically significant upward trend, which was absent in observations. Additionally, the IPO‐related global land SAT, Thetae_sfc and precipitation simulated by CMIP5/6 models performed differently in boreal winter and boreal summer. Furthermore, the IPO‐related global land SAT performed better in CMIP5/6 models during boreal winter than that in boreal summer. In CMIP6 models, it improved during both boreal winter and summer compared to CMIP5 models. In terms of the IPO‐related global land Thetae_sfc, CMIP5/6 models also performed better during boreal winter than in boreal summer. However, CMIP5 models outperformed CMIP6 models during the boreal summer. In terms of the IPO‐related global land precipitation, CMIP5/6 models performed better during boreal summer compared to boreal winter. Moreover, the IPO‐related global land precipitation in CMIP6 models improved significantly in boreal winter, but almost the same in boreal summer, compared to CMIP5 models. Further studies showed that the enhancements in simulating IPO's spatial pattern did not correspond to improvements in the model's ability to simulate IPO's global teleconnections.