bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of jet spacing in spanwise-inclined jet injection in supersonic crossflow
Authors: Sebastian R. , Schreyer A.-M.
Published: August 2022

In separation control with air-jet vortex generators in supersonic flow, the spacing of the jets in a row array has a crucial effect on the control effectiveness. Previous experimental studies have revealed the overall influence of jet spacing on air-jet vortex generator controlled shock-induced separation zones, focusing mostly on the separation regions. There is, however, a gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms leading to these changes in control effectiveness, particularly on the interaction between multiple jets and the details of downstream flow evolution. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to provide detailed information on the underlying flow dynamics associated with the injection of a row of spanwise-inclined jets into a supersonic turbulent boundary layer – and in particular the effects of different jet spacings. Four different spacings were studied with large-eddy simulations. In addition, we performed oil-flow and schlieren visualizations of separation control in a 24$^\circ$compression–ramp interaction with different jet-spacing configurations to validate and discuss our conclusions regarding the effects of jet/jet interactions on the separation-control effectiveness. We analyse the influence of jet spacing on the flow topology, induced vortical structures, and boundary-layer statistics. The jet-induced major vortex pair is the dominant flow structure energizing the near-wall boundary layer. The paper details how interactions amongst adjacent vortex pairs differ for varying jet spacings, thus influencing the momentum transfer and eventually the control efficiency. The dynamic behaviour of the flow was analysed using a three-dimensional dynamic mode decomposition. The resulting insights are key to the development of efficient control set-ups.
Shear-induced motion of a bead on regular substrates at small particle Reynolds numbers
Authors: Topic N. , Agudo J.R. , Luzi G. , Czech F. , Wierschem A.
Published: August 2022

We study experimentally the impact of substrate topology on shear-flow-induced motion of a single bead at low particle Reynolds numbers. The substrates are regular quadratic and triangular arrangements of fixed spherical particles. Their topology is varied by using different spacings between the spheres. Here, we show that it has a strong impact not only on the critical Shields number for incipient bead motion but also on its motion above threshold. We focus on Shields numbers where the bead velocity is smaller than the settling velocity. For the different substrates, the data on the average bead velocity collapse on a master curve, showing the impact of the critical Shields number on the bead motion. To describe the bead motion, we develop a model for creeping flows based on expressions by Goldman, Cox and Brenner for the flow-induced forces and torques on a moving bead near a plane. Our model considers rolling and sliding motion. The bead detaches from the substrate on the downhill side at larger substrate spacing or higher Shields numbers, and flies through the interstices of the substrate until hitting the neighbouring substrate spheres. While sliding has only a minor effect on the average bead velocity, detachment has a strong impact. At large substrate spacings, it leads to a bistability, usually associated with inertial flows, even for adhesionless particles under creeping-flow conditions. The model shows good agreement with the experimental results.
Test-retest reliability of prepulse inhibition (PPI) and PPI correlation with working memory
Authors: Freudenberg Florian , Althen Heike , Falk Kim , Bittner Robert A. , Reif Andreas , Plichta Michael M.
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Sensorimotor gating is experimentally operationalized by the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response (SR). Previous studies suggest high test-retest reliability of PPI and potential correlation with working memory (WM). Here, we aimed to validate and extend the test-retest reliability of PPI in healthy humans and its correlation with WM performance.

Methods:

We applied an acoustic startle PPI paradigm with four different prepulse intensities (64, 68, 72 and 76 dB) and two different WM tasks [n-back, change detection task (CDT)] in a group of 26 healthy adults (final sample size n = 23). To assess test-retest reliability, we performed all tests on two separate days ~27 days (range: 21–32 days) apart.

Results:

We were able to confirm high test-retest reliability of the PPI with a mean intraclass correlation (ICC) of > 0.80 and significant positive correlation of PPI with n-back but not with CDT performance. Detailed analysis showed that PPI across all prepulse intensities significantly correlated with both the 2-back and 0-back conditions, suggesting regulation by cross-conditional processes (e.g. attention). However, when removing the 0-back component from the 2-back data, we found a specific and significant correlation with WM for the 76-dB PPI condition.

Conclusion:

With the present study, we were able to confirm the high test-retest reliability of the PPI in humans and could validate and expand on its correlation with WM performance.
Prospective within-family bidirectional effects between parental emotion socialization practices and Chinese adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment
Authors: Cui Lixian , Sun Qian , Way Niobe , Waters Theodore E. A. , Li Xuan , Zhang Cong , Zhang Guangzhen , Chen Xinyin , Okazaki Sumie , Yoshikawa Hirokazu
Published: August 2022

Previous research indicates that parental emotion socialization (ES) practices play important roles in adolescents’ social and emotional development. However, longitudinal studies testing bidirectional effects are relatively scarce. Additionally, most studies have focused on people from Western societies. In the current 3-year, multi-informant, longitudinal study of Chinese adolescents and their parents, we investigated prospective bidirectional effects between parental positive ES practices and adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment (i.e., self-esteem and depressive symptoms). Adolescents (N= 710 at T1, 50% boys,Mage = 12.41,SD= 0.59) reported on parental positive ES practices and their own depressive symptoms and self-esteem when they were in 7th, 8th, and 9thgrade. Mothers and fathers reported on their own use of positive ES practices at all three time points. We utilized a random intercept cross-lagged panel model to examine between- and within-family effects. Overall results showed robust effects of adolescent depressive symptoms on parental positive ES practices and bidirectional effects between parental ES and adolescent self-esteem. Effects differed by informants whether using adolescent-perceived data, or mother- or father-reported data. However, these child effects and bidirectional effects did not differ by adolescent sex. Our findings add to the understanding of parental ES and adolescent psychosocial adjustment.
The role of parenting in the intergenerational transmission of executive functioning: A genetically informed approach
Authors: Tomlinson Rachel C. , Hyde Luke W. , Weigard Alexander S. , Klump Kelly L. , Burt S. Alexandra
Published: August 2022

Deficits in executive functioning both run in families and serve as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. The present study employed twin modeling to examine parenting as an environmental pathway underlying the intergenerational transmission of executive functioning in an at-risk community sample of children and adolescents (N= 354 pairs, 167 monozygotic). Using structural equation modeling of multi-informant reports of parenting and a multi-method measure of child executive functioning, we found that better parent executive functioning related to less harsh, warmer parenting, which in turn related to better child executive functioning. Second, we assessed the etiology of executive functioning via the nuclear twin family model, finding large non-shared environmental effects (E= .69) and low-to-moderate heritability (A= .22). We did not find evidence of shared environmental effects or passive genotype–environment correlation. Third, a bivariate twin model revealed significant shared environmental overlap between both warm and harsh parenting and child executive functioning (which may indicate either passive genotype–environment correlation or environmental mediation), and non-shared environmental overlap between only harsh parenting and child executive functioning (indicating an effect of harsh parenting separable from genetic confounds). In summary, genetics contribute to the intergenerational transmission of executive functioning, with environmental mechanisms, including harsh parenting, also making unique contributions.
The Influence of Comprehensibility on Interest and Comprehension
Authors: Friedrich Marcus C. G. , Heise Elke
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Comprehensibility (readability) is understood as the ease with which a certain reader can conduct the processes needed to comprehend a certain text in a certain situation. Comprehensibility is a special form of fluency and has been shown to have a considerable influence on comprehension. Based on fluency theory and the four-phase model of interest development, hypotheses are derived regarding the positive influence of comprehensibility on comprehension, interestingness, and interest. A study with N = 302 university students and 15 texts showed substantial effects of comprehensibility on all dependent variables, regardless of which of three instruments was used to assess comprehensibility: one of two comprehensibility questionnaires or the LIX readability formula. The results highlight the importance of fluency for the design of learning materials.
Nostalgia and Spirituality
Authors: Biskas Marios , Juhl Jacob , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine , Saroglou Vassilis
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We investigated the relation between nostalgia and spirituality. We hypothesized that nostalgia is linked to greater spirituality through self-continuity and, in turn, meaning in life. In Study 1, we measured nostalgia and spirituality. Nostalgia predicted greater spirituality. In Study 2, we tested this relation in a nationally representative sample. Nostalgia again predicted greater spirituality, and this relation remained significant after controlling for key demographic variables and core personality traits. In Study 3, we manipulated nostalgia and measured self-continuity, meaning in life, and spirituality. Nostalgia predicted spirituality serially via self-continuity and meaning in life.
Regionalization in a Global Hydrologic Deep Learning Model: From Physical Descriptors to Random Vectors
Authors: Li Xiang , Khandelwal Ankush , Jia Xiaowei , Cutler Kelly , Ghosh Rahul , Renganathan Arvind , Xu Shaoming , Tayal Kshitij , Nieber John , Duffy Christopher , Steinbach Michael , Kumar Vipin
Published: August 2022

Streamflow prediction is a long‐standing hydrologic problem. Development of models for streamflow prediction often requires incorporation of catchment physical descriptors to characterize the associated complex hydrological processes. Across different scales of catchments, these physical descriptors also allow models to extrapolate hydrologic information from one catchment to others, a process referred to as “regionalization”. Recently, in gauged basin scenarios, deep learning models have been shown to achieve state of the art regionalization performance by building a global hydrologic model. These models predict streamflow given catchment physical descriptors and weather forcing data. However, these physical descriptors are by their nature uncertain, sometimes incomplete, or even unavailable in certain cases, which limits the applicability of this approach. In this paper, we show that by assigning a vector of random values as a surrogate for catchment physical descriptors, we can achieve robust regionalization performance under a gauged prediction scenario. Our results show that the deep learning model using our proposed random vector approach achieves a predictive performance comparable to that of the model using actual physical descriptors. The random vector approach yields robust performance under different data sparsity scenarios and deep learning model selections. Furthermore, based on the use of random vectors, high‐dimensional characterization improves regionalization performance in gauged basin scenario when physical descriptors are uncertain, or insufficient.
Water‐Induced Diamond Formation at Earth's Core‐Mantle Boundary
Authors: Ko Byeongkwan , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Chen Bin , Garnero Edward J. , Li Mingming , Shim Sang‐Heon
Published: August 2022

The carbon and water cycles in the Earth's interior are linked to key planetary processes, such as mantle melting, degassing, chemical differentiation, and advection. However, the role of water in the carbon exchange between the mantle and core is not well known. Here, we show experimental results of a reaction between Fe3C and H2O at pressures and temperatures of the deep mantle and core‐mantle boundary (CMB). The reaction produces diamond, FeO, and FeHx, suggesting that water can liberate carbon from the core in the form of diamond (“core carbon extraction”) while the core gains hydrogen, if subducted water reaches to the CMB. Therefore, Earth's deep water and carbon cycles can be linked. The extracted core carbon can explain a significant amount of the present‐day mantle carbon. Also, if diamond can be collected by mantle flow in the region, it can result in unusually high seismic‐velocity structures.
The Role of Extratropical Pacific in Crossing ENSO Spring Predictability Barrier
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Jin Yishuai , Li Jianping , Capotondi Antonietta
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the impacts of extratropical Pacific on El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) spring predictability barrier (SPB). Using an empirical dynamical model – Linear Inverse Model (LIM), we find that the dynamics of the northern and southern extratropical Pacific can significantly and equally weaken the Eastern Pacific (EP)‐ENSO SPB, while the North Pacific is more important for weakening the Central Pacific (CP)‐ENSO SPB. The evolution of the extratropical optimum initial structures illustrates the different roles of the northern and southern extratropical Pacific in crossing EP and CP ENSO SPBs and demonstrates the decisive role that the South Pacific initial condition plays in ENSO diversity. Additionally, the extratropical Pacific greatly influences the forecast skill of El Niño during SPB, while tropical dynamics may be more important for crossing the SPB of La Niña.
Electron‐Scale Reconnection in Three‐Dimensional Shock Turbulence
Authors: Ng J. , Chen L.‐J. , Bessho N. , Shuster J. , Burkholder B. , Yoo J.
Published: August 2022

Magnetic reconnection has been observed in the transition region of quasi‐parallel shocks. In this work, the particle‐in‐cell method is used to simulate three‐dimensional reconnection in a quasi‐parallel shock. The shock transition region is turbulent, leading to the formation of reconnecting current sheets with various orientations. Two reconnection sites with weak and strong guide fields are studied, and it is shown that reconnection is fast and transient. Reconnection sites are characterized using diagnostics including electron flows and magnetic flux transport. In contrast to two‐dimensional simulations, weak guide field reconnection is realized. Furthermore, the current sheets in these events form in a direction almost perpendicular to those found in two‐dimensional simulations, where the reconnection geometry is constrained.
Spatio‐Temporal Structure of Far Ultraviolet Martian Dayglow Observed by EMM‐EMUS
Authors: England S. L. , Jain S. , Deighan J. , Chaffin M. , Holsclaw G. , Evans J. S. , Correira J. , Fillingim M. O. , Lillis R. L. , Almatroushi H. , Lootah F. , Almazmi H.
Published: August 2022

Mars' ultraviolet dayglow has been used to study its upper atmosphere for over four decades. Identifying variations in emission features has provided information on composition, density, and temperature. The Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer onboard the Emirates Mars Mission observes Mars' dayglow at Far and Extreme UV wavelengths. Variations in disk emission features are studied, with a focus on O I 130.4, CO Fourth Positive Group and C I 156.1 nm. All show variations with local time (LT) and emission angle as expected. Dawn‐dusk asymmetry observed is attributed to LT differences in advection. Variations in the brightness of several dayglow features, including 130.4 nm, with irregular shapes are noted in around 25% of the disk images. These display some LT and hemispheric asymmetry in their occurrence rates. Examination of their spatial structure, occurrence, and spectra suggests these are associated with variations in composition and photoelectron flux.
Heterogeneous Subgreenschist Deformation in an Exhumed Sediment‐Poor Mélange
Authors: Leah H. , Fagereng Å. , Groome N. , Buchs D. , Eijsink A. , Niemeijer A.
Published: August 2022

Many described subduction complexes (or mélanges) exhumed from seismogenic depths comprise thick, turbidite‐dominated sequences with deformed zones containing clasts or boudins of more competent sandstone and/or basalt. In contrast, many active subduction zones have a relatively small thickness of sedimentary inputs (<2 km), turbidite sequences are commonly accreted rather than subducted, and the role of pelagic sediments and basalt (lavas and hyaloclastites) in the deforming zone near the plate interface at <20 km depth is poorly understood. Field investigation of Neoproterozoic oceanic sequences accreted in the Gwna Complex, Anglesey, UK, reveals repeated lenticular slices of variably sampled ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) bounded by thin mélange‐bearing shear zones. Mélange matrix material is derived from adjacent OPS lithologies and is either dominantly illitic, likely derived from altered siliciclastic sediment, or chloritic, likely derived from altered volcanics. In the illitic mélange, mutually cross‐cutting phyllosilicate foliation and variably deformed chlorite‐quartz‐calcite veins suggest ductile creep was cyclically punctuated by transient, localized fluid pulses. Chlorite thermometry indicates the veins formed at 260 ± 10°C. In the chloritic mélange, recrystallized through‐going calcite veins are deformed to shear strains of 4–5 within a foliated chlorite matrix, suggesting calcite veins in subducting volcanics may localize deformation in the seismogenic zone. Shear stress‐strain rate curves constructed using existing empirical relationships in a simplified shear zone geometry predict that slip velocities varied depending on pore fluid pressure; models predict slow slip velocities preferentially by frictional sliding in chlorite, at pore fluid pressures greater than hydrostatic but less than lithostatic.
Association between obesity and COVID-19 mortality and length of stay in intensive care unit patients in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Paravidino Vitor Barreto , Leite Tatiana Henriques , Mediano Mauro Felippe Felix , Sichieri Rosely , Azevedo e Silva Gulnar , Cravo Victor , Balduino Alex , Salgueiro Emmanuel , Besen Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro , Moreira Rodrigo de Carvalho , Brandão Carlos Eduardo , Gomes Danilo Cosme Klein , Assemany Cinthia Almeida Guimarães , Cougo Pedro
Published: August 2022

The present study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and COVID-19 mortality and length of stay in ICU patients, and how these associations were modified by age groups. We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study with data obtained from a hospital-based registry. The sample consisted of 8183 ICU hospitalized patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Cox proportional models were used to evaluate the association between BMI categories and COVID-19 mortality and generalized linear models for the length of stay in the ICU. After adjusting for confounders, those in the younger group with severe obesity had an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality compared to those with normal/overweight (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.01–1.61). An increased risk of death was also observed for patients with underweight (HR 3.74; 95% CI 1.39–10.07). For patients aged ≥ 60 year, mild/moderate obesity was associated with reduced mortality risk (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78–0.97). For the age group < 60 year, the length of stay in ICU for those patients with severe obesity was 35% higher compared to the normal/overweight category (eβ 1.35; 95% CI 1.21–1.51). Conversely, for the survivors in the underweight category, the length of stay in ICU was 51% lower compared to the normal/overweight group (eβ 0.49; 95% CI 0.31–0.78). In the age group ≥ 60 year, mild/moderate obesity was associated with an increased length of stay in the ICU (eβ 1.10; 95% CI 1.01–1.21), adjusting for confounders. These findings could be helpful for health professionals to identify subgroups at higher risk for worse outcomes.
The circRNA circADAMTS6 promotes progression of ESCC and correlates with prognosis
Authors: Bu Jing , Gu Lina , Liu Xin , Nan Xixi , Zhang Xiangmei , Meng Lingjiao , Zheng Yang , Liu Fei , Li Jiali , Li Ziyi , Sang Meixiang , Shan Baoen
Published: August 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNA, which play a vital role in the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). While the role of novel circADAMTS6 in ESCC remains unknown. We assessed circADAMTS6 expression in ESCC tissues and cells, and the relationship between circADAMTS6 expression and overall survival of ESCC patients. Functional experiments in vitro and xenograft in vivo assay were applied to explore the functions and mechanisms of circADAMTS6 in ESCC. Results found that up-regulation of circADAMTS6 was associated with poor overall survival and may acted as an independent risk factor for ESCC prognosis. Knockdown of circADAMTS6 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells and growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Induced AGR2 expression was able to rescue the loss of function induced by si-circADAMTS6 in KYSE150 cell. CircADAMTS6 may acts as oncogene by activating AGR2 and the Hippo signaling pathway coactivator YAP in ESCC.
Bio-impedance method to monitor colon motility response to direct distal colon stimulation in anesthetized pigs
Authors: Wang Yushan , Wang Po-Min , Larauche Muriel , Mulugeta Million , Liu Wentai
Published: August 2022

Electrical stimulation has been demonstrated as an alternative approach to alleviate intractable colonic motor disorders, whose effectiveness can be evaluated through colonic motility assessment. Various methods have been proposed to monitor the colonic motility and while each has contributed towards better understanding of colon motility, a significant limitation has been the spatial and temporal low-resolution colon motility data acquisition and analysis. This paper presents the study of employing bio-impedance characterization to monitor colonic motor activity. Direct distal colon stimulation was undertaken in anesthetized pigs to validate the bio-impedance scheme simultaneous with luminal manometry monitoring. The results indicated that the significant decreases of bio-impedance corresponded to strong colonic contraction in response to the electrical stimulation in the distal colon. The magnitude/power of the dominant frequencies of phasic colonic contractions identified at baseline (in the range 2–3 cycles per minute (cpm)) were increased after the stimulation. In addition, positive correlations have been found between bio-impedance and manometry. The proposed bio-impedance-based method can be a viable candidate for monitoring colonic motor pattern with high spatial and temporal resolution. The presented technique can be integrated into a closed-loop therapeutic device in order to optimize its stimulation protocol in real-time.
Refractive index sensor with magnified resonant signal
Authors: Zaky Zaky A. , Alamri Sagr , Zhaketov V. D. , Aly Arafa H.
Published: August 2022

Herein, we theoretically suggest one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of polymer doped with quantum dots and porous silicon. The present simulated design is proposed as a refractive index biosensor structure based on parity-time symmetry. Under the parity-time conditions, the transmittance of the resonant peaks is magnified to be 57,843% for refractive index 1.350, 2725% for 1.390, 2117% for 1.392, 1502% for 1.395, 1011% for 1.399, and 847% for 1.401. By magnification, we can distinguish between different refractive indices. The present design can record an efficiency twice the published designs as clear in the comparison table. Results clear that the sensitivities are 635 nm/RIU and 1,000,000%/RIU. So, it can be used for a broader range of detection purposes.
Empirical support for sequential imprinting during downstream migration in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts
Authors: Haraldstad Tormod , Forseth Torbjørn , Olsen Esben M. , Haugen Thrond O. , Höglund Erik
Published: August 2022

The precise homing of Atlantic salmon to their natal river and spawning grounds is the foundation for locally adapted genetically differentiated populations across rivers or across river sections. A sequential imprinting hypothesis states that salmon smolts may imprint on environmental clues along the outward migration route and then use this in reverse order to direct the spawning migration later in life. In this study, we provide empirical support for this hypothesis. PIT-tagged wild Atlantic salmon using a 2 km hydropower tunnel as downstream migrating smolts had a 18% (1SW) and 23% (2SW) lower probability of successfully migrating through the parallel river stretch as adult spawners compared to spawners that migrated through the same river stretch as smolts. These findings highlight how a fine-scale riverine migration route may be imprinted in wild Atlantic salmon smolts. From an applied perspective, these results stress the importance of not depriving smolts from parts of their migration route to ensure successful return of adults to their natal spawning grounds.
Deep learning for quality assessment of optical coherence tomography angiography images
Authors: Dhodapkar Rahul M. , Li Emily , Nwanyanwu Kristen , Adelman Ron , Krishnaswamy Smita , Wang Jay C.
Published: August 2022

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an emerging non-invasive technique for imaging the retinal vasculature. While there are many promising clinical applications for OCTA, determination of image quality remains a challenge. We developed a deep learning-based system using a ResNet152 neural network classifier, pretrained using ImageNet, to classify images of the superficial capillary plexus in 347 scans from 134 patients. Images were also manually graded by two independent graders as a ground truth for the supervised learning models. Because requirements for image quality may vary depending on the clinical or research setting, two models were trained—one to identify high-quality images and one to identify low-quality images. Our neural network models demonstrated outstanding area under the curve (AUC) metrics for both low quality image identification (AUC = 0.99, 95%CI 0.98–1.00, $$\kappa $$
κ
= 0.90) and high quality image identification (AUC = 0.97, 95%CI 0.96–0.99, $$\kappa $$
κ
= 0.81), significantly outperforming machine-reported signal strength (AUC = 0.82, 95%CI 0.77–0.86, $$\kappa $$
κ
= 0.52 and AUC = 0.78, 95%CI 0.73–0.83, $$\kappa $$
κ
= 0.27 respectively). Our study demonstrates that techniques from machine learning may be used to develop flexible and robust methods for quality control of OCTA images.
Selective binding and transport of protocadherin 15 isoforms by stereocilia unconventional myosins in a heterologous expression system
Authors: Ballesteros Angela , Yadav Manoj , Cui Runjia , Kurima Kiyoto , Kachar Bechara
Published: August 2022

During hair cell development, the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) apparatus is assembled at the stereocilia tips, where it coexists with the stereocilia actin regulatory machinery. While the myosin-based tipward transport of actin regulatory proteins is well studied, isoform complexity and built-in redundancies in the MET apparatus have limited our understanding of how MET components are transported. We used a heterologous expression system to elucidate the myosin selective transport of isoforms of protocadherin 15 (PCDH15), the protein that mechanically gates the MET apparatus. We show that MYO7A selectively transports the CD3 isoform while MYO3A and MYO3B transports the CD2 isoform. Furthermore, MYO15A showed an insignificant role in the transport of PCDH15, and none of the myosins tested transport PCDH15-CD1. Our data suggest an important role for MYO3A, MYO3B, and MYO7A in the MET apparatus formation and highlight the intricate nature of MET and actin regulation during development and functional maturation of the stereocilia bundle.
Research on chemical resistance characteristics of water-immersed coal with different metamorphic degrees
Authors: Zhang Xun , Zhao Mengfan , Yang Jing , Lu Bing , Wang Gang , Dai Fengwei
Published: August 2022

In order to reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal left after long-term flooding in the goaf of the mine, in this paper, the inhibitory properties of different inhibitors on two kinds of water-immersed coals with different metamorphic degrees were studied in depth. The experiment selected Pingzhuang brown coal and Shaqu coking coal as research objects. The raw coal and water-immersed coal samples were compared and analyzed by thermogravimetric experiment method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiment method. The study showed that the activation temperature of brown coal and coking coal decreased by 7.91 and 2.25 °C respectively, and the activation energy decreased by 43.18 kJ/mol and 20.58 kJ/mol respectively. The natural tendency of coal was enhanced after water immersion, and water immersion had a greater impact on low-metamorphic brown coal. After adding four kinds of inhibitors, MgCl2, TEMPO, TPPI and PA to the two water-immersed coals, it was found that TPPI could significantly reduce the heat release rate of water-immersed brown coal, and the reduction value was 10.49 W/mg. The dry cracking temperature of water-immersed brown coal increased by 11.75 °C, and PA greatly increased the combustion activation energy of water-immersed coking coal by 25.77 kJ/mol. Meanwhile, it was found from the microscopic active groups that TTPI increased the content of water-immersed brown coal ether bonds by 4.84%. The absorption peak intensity of oxygen-containing functional groups such as C=O was significantly weakened. Similarly, PA also produced a large number of stable ethers in water-immersed coking coal, whose content increased by 5.21%, and the hydroxyl content decreased most significantly. The decomposition of TPPI into phosphoric acid after heating can inhibit the growth of active groups such as a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups in the water-immersed brown coal, thereby reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion. As a metal chelator, PA can reduce the catalytic effect of metal ions in water-immersed coking coal with fewer active groups, and inhibit coal spontaneous combustion by generating stable metal complexes to increase activation energy. This indicated that TTPI had the best inhibitory effect on water-immersed brown coal, while PA was more suitable for water-immersed coking coal.
In vivo transomic analyses of glucose-responsive metabolism in skeletal muscle reveal core differences between the healthy and obese states
Authors: Kokaji Toshiya , Eto Miki , Hatano Atsushi , Yugi Katsuyuki , Morita Keigo , Ohno Satoshi , Fujii Masashi , Hironaka Ken-ichi , Ito Yuki , Egami Riku , Uematsu Saori , Terakawa Akira , Pan Yifei , Maehara Hideki , Li Dongzi , Bai Yunfan , Tsuchiya Takaho , Ozaki Haruka , Inoue Hiroshi , Kubota Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yutaka , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Kuroda Shinya
Published: August 2022

Metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle is essential for blood glucose homeostasis. Obesity causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, leading to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we performed multiomic analysis of the skeletal muscle of wild-type (WT) and leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) mice, and constructed regulatory transomic networks for metabolism after oral glucose administration. Our network revealed that metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites had a major effect on WT mice, especially carbohydrate metabolic pathways. By contrast, inob/obmice, much of the metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites was lost and metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive genes was largely increased, especially in carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways. We present some characteristic metabolic regulatory pathways found in central carbon, branched amino acids, and ketone body metabolism. Our transomic analysis will provide insights into how skeletal muscle responds to changes in blood glucose and how it fails to respond in obesity.
Deep learning-based diagnosis from endobronchial ultrasonography images of pulmonary lesions
Authors: Hotta Takamasa , Kurimoto Noriaki , Shiratsuki Yohei , Amano Yoshihiro , Hamaguchi Megumi , Tanino Akari , Tsubata Yukari , Isobe Takeshi
Published: August 2022

Endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) improves the accuracy of bronchoscopy. The possibility of differentiating benign from malignant lesions based on EBUS findings may be useful in making the correct diagnosis. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model investigated whether benign or malignant (lung cancer) lesions could be predicted based on EBUS findings. This was an observational, single-center cohort study. Using medical records, patients were divided into benign and malignant groups. We acquired EBUS data for 213 participants. A total of 2,421,360 images were extracted from the learning dataset. We trained and externally validated a CNN algorithm to predict benign or malignant lung lesions. Test was performed using 26,674 images. The dataset was interpreted by four bronchoscopists. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the CNN model for distinguishing benign and malignant lesions were 83.4%, 95.3%, 53.6%, 83.8%, and 82.0%, respectively. For the four bronchoscopists, the accuracy rate was 68.4%, sensitivity was 80%, specificity was 39.6%, PPV was 76.8%, and NPV was 44.2%. The developed EBUS-computer-aided diagnosis system is expected to read EBUS findings that are difficult for clinicians to judge with precision and help differentiate between benign lesions and lung cancers.
Stage-independent biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease from the living retina: an animal study
Authors: Ferreira Hugo , Serranho Pedro , Guimarães Pedro , Trindade Rita , Martins João , Moreira Paula I. , Ambrósio António Francisco , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Bernardes Rui
Published: August 2022

The early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders is still an open issue despite the many efforts to address this problem. In particular, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains undiagnosed for over a decade before the first symptoms. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now common and widely available and has been used to image the retina of AD patients and healthy controls to search for biomarkers of neurodegeneration. However, early diagnosis tools would need to rely on images of patients in early AD stages, which are not available due to late diagnosis. To shed light on how to overcome this obstacle, we resort to 57 wild-type mice and 57 triple-transgenic mouse model of AD to train a network with mice aged 3, 4, and 8 months and classify mice at the ages of 1, 2, and 12 months. To this end, we computed fundus images from OCT data and trained a convolution neural network (CNN) to classify those into the wild-type or transgenic group. CNN performance accuracy ranged from 80 to 88% for mice out of the training group’s age, raising the possibility of diagnosing AD before the first symptoms through the non-invasive imaging of the retina.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates adriamycin-induced renal damage by epigenetically suppressing the NMN/NAD consumers mediated by Twist2
Authors: Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Sakamaki Yusuke , Tamaki Masanori , Wakino Shu
Published: August 2022

The activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, Sirt1, after the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) suppresses many diseases. However, the role of NMN and Sirt1 in focal glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to assess the protective effect of NMN treatment in mice with adriamycin (ADR)-induced FSGS.　Transient short-term NMN treatment was administered to 8-week-old ADR- or saline-treated BALB/c mice (Cont group) for 14 consecutive days. NMN alleviated the increase in urinary albumin excretion in the ADR-treated mice. NMN treatment mitigated glomerulosclerosis and ameliorated the reduced Sirt1 expression and elevated Claudin-1 expression in the kidneys of the mice. Moreover, this treatment improved the decrease in histone methylation and the expression level of Dnmt1 and increased the concentration of NAD+ in the kidney. Dnmt1 epigenetically suppressed the expression of the NMN-consuming enzyme nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase1 (Nmnat1) by methylating the E-box in the promoter region and repressing the NAD-consuming enzyme PARP1. Additionally, NMN downregulated the expression of Nmnat1 in the ADR-treated mice. Short-term NMN treatment in FSGS has epigenetic renal protective effects through the upregulation of Sirt1 and suppression of the NAD and NMN consumers. The present study presents a novel treatment paradigm for FSGS.
Atmospheric pressure atomic layer deposition to increase organic solvent resistance of PDMS
Authors: Santoso Albert , Damen Afke , van Ommen J. Ruud , van Steijn Volkert
Published: August 2022

Unique surface–subsurface treatment of PDMS by atomic layer deposition at atmosphere pressure increases solvent resistance by two orders of magnitude.
The development of catalysts for electrochemical nitrogen reduction toward ammonia: theoretical and experimental advances
Authors: Cui Yuhuan , Sun Changning , Qu Yanbin , Dai Tianyi , Zhou Hongyu , Wang Zhili , Jiang Qing
Published: August 2022

This review summarizes recent theoretical and experimental progress relating to electrocatalysts for eNRR, discusses challenges in the field of eNRR, and provides perspectives for the design of efficient eNRR electrocatalysts.
Structure and diffusive dynamics of aspartate α-decarboxylase (ADC) liganded with d-serine in aqueous solution
Authors: Raskar Tushar , Niebling Stephan , Devos Juliette M. , Yorke Briony A. , Härtlein Michael , Huse Nils , Forsyth V. Trevor , Seydel Tilo , Pearson Arwen R.
Published: August 2022

Neutron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and MD-simulations were used to investigate the effect of ligand binding on the structure and diffusive dynamics of Escherichia coli aspartate alpha-decarboxylase.
Mg and Zn co-doped mesoporous ZSM-5 as an ideal catalyst for ethane dehydroaromatization reaction
Authors: Sumi Tomoka , Kokuryo Shinya , Fujimoto Yugo , Li Xinyu , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: August 2022

Mg and Zn co-doped mesoporous ZSM-5 was prepared via impregnation of Mg and a Zn ion exchange using a commercial ZSM-5, which achieved a high yield of BTX and the improvement of catalyst lifetime on EDA reaction.
A non-rare earth ion doped broadband emission phosphor located in NIR-II for ethanol concentration detection
Authors: Ye Zejun , Wang Zhijun , Yang Huifang , Huo Xiaoxue , Wang Yu , Wu Qian , Wang Dawei , Zhao Jinxin , Suo Hao , Li Panlai
Published: August 2022

Ca2GeO4:Cr presents NIR-II emission (1000–1700 nm) with a FWHM of 215 nm.
Fe3O4-4,4′-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde superparamagnetic-nanomaterial for the high-efficiency removal of 9-phenanthrol: experimental combined with DFT investigations
Authors: Wei Zhengwen , Lü Xiang-fei , Wang Wei , Mele Giuseppe , Jiang Zhen-Yi
Published: August 2022

The fabricated nano-sized magnetic material exhibited an excellent removal performance towards 9-phenanthrene, and its underlying binding mechanism is proposed.
Selective synthesis of multifunctionalized cyclopent-3-ene-1-carboxamides and 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives
Authors: Zheng Hui , Han Ying , Xu Feng-Shun , Sun Jing , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: August 2022

Triethylamine promoted cycloaddition reaction of phenacylmalononitrile with o-hydroxychalcones or chalcone o-enolates to selectively give cyclopent-3-ene-1-carboxamides and 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes.
The assembly of integrated continuous flow platform for on-demand rosiglitazone and pioglitazone synthesis
Authors: Purwa Mandeep , Rana Abhilash , Singh Ajay K.
Published: August 2022

Manufacturing thiazolidinediones in a batch process is often carried out at different locations, where each successive batch collects a certain amount of intermediate followed by its transportation to another location.
Programming interactions in magnetic handshake materials
Authors: Du Chrisy Xiyu , Zhang Hanyu Alice , Pearson Tanner G. , Ng Jakin , McEuen Paul L. , Cohen Itai , Brenner Michael P.
Published: August 2022

We present design rules for programming interactions using Magnetic Handshake Materials, a scale-invariant materials platform with magnetic information encoding.
Mechanism analysis of the carrier viscosity effect on shear stress of magnetorheological fluids
Authors: Zhuang Yang , Li Haitao , Song Shangwei , Peng Xianghe
Published: August 2022

The microscopic mechanism of the effect of carrier viscosity on shear stress of magnetorheological fluids is that the deflection angle increases with the increase of carrier viscosity, which increases the shear stress.
Wetting behavior of polyelectrolyte complex coacervates on solid surfaces
Authors: Balzer Christopher , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Zhen-Gang
Published: August 2022

Wetting transitions and contact angles for polyelectrolyte complex coacervates are explored using a mean-field theory. An applied electrostatic surface potential can dramatically improve wettability, depending on the polymer–substrate affinity.
A static force model to analyze the nuclear deformation on cell adhesion to vertical nanostructures
Authors: Li Nanxin , Jin Kun , Chen Tongsheng , Li Xinlei
Published: August 2022

A theoretical model was established to pursue the nuclear deformation during cell adhesion to the nanopillar array by analyzing the mechanical force balance.
Constructing a bifunctional MoO2/Co heterojunction for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and hydrazine oxidation
Authors: Guo Yuhao , Liu Xiaolei , Zang Yanmei , Wu Yaqiang , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Zeyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Wang Peng
Published: August 2022

A self-supporting MoO2/Co heterojunction porous nanosheet array acts as a beneficial bifunctional electrocatalyst for an overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) system.
Stimuli-responsive delivery strategies for controllable gene editing in tumor therapeutics
Authors: Ji Yu , Fan Liansheng , Qu Suchen , Han Xin
Published: August 2022

The CRISPR system has attracted significant attention due to its great potential in tumor therapy.
Probing the alignment-dependent mechanical behaviors and time-evolutional aligning process of collagen scaffolds
Authors: Zhai Chenxi , Sullivan Patrick A. , Martin Cassandra L. , Shi Haoyuan , Deravi Leila F. , Yeo Jingjie
Published: August 2022

A growing collagen scaffold can be strengthened by increasing the fibril alignment through the effects of having longer and more collagen chains, more tethering to the spindle, and greater initial collagen anisotropy.
Excimer or aggregate? Near infrared electro- and photoluminescence from multimolecular excited states of N^C^N-coordinated platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Pander Piotr , Sil Amit , Salthouse Rebecca J. , Harris Christopher W. , Walden Melissa T. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Williams J. A. Gareth , Dias Fernando B.
Published: August 2022

Long wavelength (>800 nm) photoluminescence in films of Pt(N^C^N)Cl type complexes originates from aggregates of three to four units. Extremely thin neat emissive layers of 1–2 nm yield a high performance of near infrared OLEDs.
A semantic‐based method for analysing unknown malicious behaviours via hyper‐spherical variational auto‐encoders
Authors: Wang Yi‐feng , Guo Yuan‐bo , Fang Chen
Published: August 2022

In the User and Entity Behaviour Analytics (UEBA), unknown malicious behaviours are often difficult to be automatically detected due to the lack of labelled data. Most of the existing methods also fail to take full advantage of the threat intelligence and incorporate the impact of the behaviour patterns of the benign users. To address this issue, this paper proposes a Generalised Zero‐Shot Learning (GZSL) method based on hyper‐spherical Variational Auto‐Encoders (VAEs). Compared to the VAEs, the authors’ proposed method is more robust and suitable for capturing data with richer and more nuanced structures. The authors’ method analyses the unknown malicious behaviours by projecting them and their semantic attributes to shared space. These are then matched by the cosine similarity. The authors further use a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to reduce the impact of different user behaviour patterns before projection. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is efficient in the analysis of unknown malicious behaviours.
Environmental effects on the dynamical evolution of star clusters in turbulent molecular clouds
Authors: Suin Paolo , Shore Steven N. , Pavlík Václav
Published: August 2022

Context. Star clusters form within giant molecular clouds that are strongly altered by the feedback action of the massive stars, but the cluster still remains embedded in a dense, highly turbulent medium and interactions with ambient structures may modify its dynamical evolution from that expected if it were isolated.

Aims. We aim to study coupling mechanisms between the dynamical evolution of the cluster, accelerated by the mass segregation process, with harassment effects caused by the gaseous environment.

Methods. We simulated the cluster dynamical evolution combining N-body and hydrodynamic codes within the Astronomical Multipurpose Software Environment (AMUSE).

Results. Tidal harassment produces a sparser configuration more rapidly than the isolated reference simulations. The evolution of the asymptotic power-law density distribution exponent also shows substantially different behaviour in the two cases. The background is more effective on clusters in advanced stages of dynamical development.