bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational balance and stroke impact among community‐dwelling stroke survivors 65 years or older: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ortiz‐Rubio Araceli , Håkansson Carita , Rasmussen Hélène Pessah , Lexell Eva Månsson
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Occupational balance has been investigated in different populations but less in stroke survivors. Previous studies have focussed on occupational balance among stroke survivors of working age (15–64 years of age), showing they did not perceive they had occupational balance. There is, therefore, a lack of knowledge of how older stroke survivors perceive their occupational balance. The aims of this study were to describe occupational balance in community‐dwelling stroke survivors 65 years or older and to investigate if there were any associations between their perceived stroke impact and occupational balance.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was performed with 58 stroke survivors, with a median age of 75 years at stroke onset and a median time since stroke onset of 11 months. The participants were recruited from a local stroke register and answered questionnaires on occupational balance and stroke impact. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, correlations and logistic regression.

Results

The participants had a median score of 29 (min 12 to max 33), indicating a very high occupational balance, a low stroke impact, and a good recovery (median 82.5; min 0 to max 100). An association between participation and occupational balance (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04–1.23) was found.

Conclusion

The stroke survivors perceived a low stroke impact and a high occupational balance. It is possible that older community‐dwelling stroke survivors, of whom many have retired, juggle less occupations leaving them with more time to engage in those occupations they want to, leading to a better occupational balance.
Obstetric claims in Finland 2012–2022—A nationwide patient insurance registry study
Authors: Lojander Jaana , Welling Maiju , Axelin Anna , Härkänen Marja , Kopra Juho , Lamminpää Reeta
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Maternal and infant mortality rates in Finland are among the lowest in the world, yet preventable obstetric injuries occur every year. The aim of this study was to describe obstetric claims, their compensation rates, and temporal trends of claims reported to the Patient Insurance center.

Material and Methods

A nationwide, register‐based study was conducted. Data consisted of obstetric claims reported to the Patient Insurance Center between 2012 and 2022. Data analyzed included the year of injury, compensation criteria, maternal age, birth hospital, delivery method, reported causes of injury, and maternal or neonatal injury. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression models.

Results

A total of n = 849 obstetric claims were filed during the study period, of which n = 224 (26.4%) received compensation. The rate of claims was 0.15%, and the rate of compensation was 0.04% in relation to the total volume of births during the period. Substandard care was the most common (97.3%) criterion for compensation. There was a curvilinear increase in the claims rate and a linear increase in compensation rates from 2013 to 2019. More claims were filed and compensated for cesarean and vacuum‐assisted deliveries than for unassisted vaginal deliveries. Delayed delivery (18.7%) and surgical technique failure (10.9%) were the most reported causes of injuries. Retained surgical bodies were the induced cause of injury with the highest rate of compensated claims (86.7%). The most common maternal injury was infection (17.9%) and pain (11.7%). Among neonatal injuries, severe (19.2%) and mild asphyxia (16.6%) were the most frequent. Burn injuries (93.3%) and fetal or neonatal death (60.5%) had the highest rate of compensated claims.

Conclusions

The study provided new information on substandard care and injuries in obstetric care in Finland. An increasing trend in claims and compensation rates was found. Identifying contributors to substandard care that lead to fetal asphyxia is important for improving obstetric safety. Further analysis of the association of claims and compensation rates with operative deliveries is needed to determine their causality. Frequent review of obstetric claims would be useful in providing more recent data on substandard care and preventable injuries.
In vitro study on device‐induced damage to blood cellular components and degradation of von Willebrand factor in a CentriMag pump‐assisted circulation
Authors: Wang Shigang , Sun Wenji , Han Dong , Clark Kiersten P. , Griffith Bartley P. , Wu Zhongjun J.
Published: May 2024

Background

High mechanical shear stress (HMSS) generated by blood pumps during mechanical circulatory support induces blood damage (or function alteration) not only of blood cell components but also of plasma proteins.

Methods

In the present study, fresh, healthy human blood was used to prime a blood circuit assisted by a CentriMag centrifugal pump at a flow rate of 4.5 L/min under three pump pressure heads (75, 150, and 350 mm Hg) for 4 h. Blood samples were collected for analyses of plasma‐free hemoglobin (PFH), von Willebrand factor (VWF) degradation and platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor shedding.

Results

The extent of all investigated aspects of blood damage increased with increasing cross‐pump pressure and duration. Loss of high‐molecular‐weight multimers (HMWM)‐VWF in Loop 2 and Loop 3 significantly increased after 2 h. PFH, loss of HMWM‐VWF, and platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor shedding showed a good linear correlation with mean shear stress corresponding to the three pump pressure heads.

Conclusions

HMSS could damage red blood cells, cause pathological VWF degradation, and induce platelet activation and platelet receptor shedding. Different blood components can be damaged to different degrees by HMSS; VWF and VWF‐enhanced platelet activation may be more susceptible to HMSS.
Advertisement call variation is related to environmental and geographic distances in two anuran species inhabiting highland forests in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Andrade Lima José Henrique , Novo Marco Jacinto Katzenberger Baptista , Simões Pedro Ivo
Published: May 2024

Highlands are of paramount importance to the study of evolution as they are frequently implicated in historical and ecological processes that generate and maintain biological diversity. In northeastern Brazil, sparse rainforest remnants located in highlands north of the São Francisco River are surrounded by the dry and open landscape of the Caatinga biome. Earlier studies suggested that these forests were historical refuges to the rainforest fauna and flora during Pleistocene's climatic cycles. However, it is still unclear whether populations in distinct highlands experienced phenotypic differentiation as a result of adaptation to environmental conditions of each forest remnant. Herein, we used two frog species widely distributed and ecologically different, Dendropsophus oliveirai, a habitat specialist, and Physalaemus cuvieri, a habitat generalist, to investigate the relationships between environmental variation, geographic, genetic, and body size distance with advertisement call variation among populations inhabiting different highlands. Our results indicated that acoustic variation among P. cuvieri populations is strongly influenced by environmental variation, but also by the geographic distance among populations. In D. oliveirai, environment is also the most influent factor on acoustic variation, followed by a lower influence of genetic and morphological variation. Associations between environmental and geographic factors suggest indirect effects of geographic distance on acoustic variation in both species through an environmental gradient. We believe that selective processes and isolation by distance possibly act together in driving interpopulational acoustic variation with habitat‐specific species being more affected by geographic isolation in suitable habitats.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
The path to Panarctic: The emergence of an extractive frontier in Arctic Canada, 1948–1958
Authors: Farish Matthew , Fusco Leah
Published: May 2024

From the late 1940s to the late 1950s, the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) turned vigorously to the Arctic archipelago, expanding and confirming the colonial premise that the islands of the High Arctic were an extractive frontier for oil and gas. In this paper, the first of a planned pair, we show how the efforts of the GSC were hugely consequential for subsequent corporate hydrocarbon exploration, but were also intimately entangled with other, concurrent strands of militarization and Arctic colonialism. Numerous histories celebrate GSC geologists as heroic pioneers of extraction and northern field science. Both the militarization of the Arctic in the 1950s and the concurrent, infamous High Arctic Relocations have been discussed at length. This paper has a more precise, interstitial objective: to show that the GSC's fieldwork depended on both the infrastructure of Cold War geopolitics and the labour of Inuit who were moved to the region under duress—particularly to the new community of Qausuittuq (Resolute). Regardless of specific commercial outcomes, the version and vision of the Arctic installed by the GSC continues to foreground certain future geographies of the archipelago, while forestalling or marginalizing others.
Endoscopic recanalization of an occluded Braun anastomosis using an endoscopic injection needle
Authors: Katsuda Hiromune , Kobayashi Masanori , Okamoto Ryuichi
Published: May 2024

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An empirical analysis of the social contract in the Middle East and North Africa region and the role of digitalization in its transformation
Authors: Gasmi Farid , Kouakou Dorgyles C. M. , Noumba Um Paul , Rojas Milla Pedro
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the social contract (SC) in MENA based on a simple model synthesizing three main characteristics of a SC linking governments and citizens: Participation, Protection, and Provision. Using this 3‐P framework, we focus on the role of provision and protection in determining citizen participation, a question that drew much attention following the recent economic and social developments in MENA. We compare our characterization of the SC in MENA and Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries and find robust empirical evidence that, in MENA, the benefits provided to citizens through improved delivery of basic services have come at the cost of impaired participation. We also find that digital transformation, a potential channel through which the SC may improve, has an inversely U‐shaped effect suggesting that institutional changes are called for in MENA countries before their SC is comparable to that of OECD countries.
A call for intergenerational solidarity in climate change education: Outlining a strategy to manage climate anxiety and facilitate action
Authors: Mateer Timothy J.
Published: May 2024

As youth psychological distress grows regarding climate change, educators are in an important position to provide support. In working with youth, educators are tasked with balancing the psychological distress associated with climate change knowledge against the ability to educate for positive outcomes such as hope, agency, and action. This theoretical essay pulls from philosophical and social psychological literature to make the case that educators have an intergenerational obligation to educate youth on climate change and that solidarity between educators and students represents a fruitful path forward. Solidarity in climate change education may help youth better manage their climate anxiety and channel this emotion into action. Solidarity expands upon current climate change teaching efforts by advocating for meaningful dialogue between students and educators, grounding action in the unique social‐ecological systems within which the learning process is occurring, and fostering realistic hope and agency within students.
Isatuximab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in real‐world: The retrospective IMAGE study
Authors: Decaux Olivier , Fontan Jean , Perrot Aurore , Karlin Lionel , Touzeau Cyrille , Schulmann Samantha , Manier Salomon , Belhadj Karim , Trebouet Adrien , Zunic Patricia , Schiano De Colella Jean‐Marc , Castel Brice , Van De Wyngaert Zoé , Pica Gian Matteo , Tiab Mourad , Kuhnowski Frédérique , Bouketouche Malek , Rigaudeau Sophia , Benramdane Riad , Tekle Christina , Lafore Radhia , Gaucher Marianne , Corre Jill , Leleu Xavier
Published: May 2024

Background

IMAGE is a retrospective cohort study of patients enrolled in early access programs (EAPs) in France with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) receiving isatuximab with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Isa‐Pd).

Methods

Patients aged ≥18 years with RRMM who received ≥1 dose of Isa under the EAPs between July 29, 2019 and August 30, 2020 were included. Effectiveness endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS) and response rates. Verbatim terms for adverse events (AEs) were coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities and not graded for severity.

Results

A total of 294 and 299 patients were included in the effectiveness and safety populations, respectively. IMAGE included patients who received one prior line of treatment (10.2%) and were daratumumab‐refractory (19.1%). At median follow‐up of 14.2 months, median PFS in the effectiveness population was 12.4 months (95% CI 9.0–15.0). Overall response and very good partial response rates were 46.3% and 27.9%, respectively. Subgroup analyses reflected similar results. In the safety population, 26.4% of patients reported at least one AE; the most common any‐grade AE was neutropenia (9.4%).

Conclusion

IMAGE demonstrated Isa‐Pd had meaningful effectiveness in median PFS and depth of response and no new safety signals in a real‐world context, consistent with clinical trial results.
Carrier‐frequency specific omission‐related neural activity in ordered sound sequences is independent of omission‐predictability
Authors: Hauswald Anne , Benz Kaja Rosa , Hartmann Thomas , Demarchi Gianpaolo , Weisz Nathan
Published: May 2024

Regularities in our surroundings lead to predictions about upcoming events. Previous research has shown that omitted sounds during otherwise regular tone sequences elicit frequency‐specific neural activity related to the upcoming but omitted tone. We tested whether this neural response is depending on the unpredictability of the omission. Therefore, we recorded magnetencephalography (MEG) data while participants listened to ordered or random tone sequences with omissions occurring either ordered or randomly. Using multivariate pattern analysis shows that the frequency‐specific neural pattern during omission within ordered tone sequences occurs independent of the regularity of the omissions. These results suggest that the auditory predictions based on sensory experiences are not immediately updated by violations of those expectations.
What Does Queer Have to Do with Ecumenism?
Authors: Helgesson Linnea
Published: May 2024

Some observers claim that ecumenism has entered the season of winter and that ecumenism does not flourish as it has done in other periods. This article proposes that queer theory, an academic field that in different ways addresses and challenges questions of identity, offers perspectives to respond to this challenge and allow ecumenism to enter springtime. One of the main elements within queer theory is the understanding that identity is not static or binary but rather fluid and moveable. Given that ecumenism is always dealing with identity and the longing to overcome an ecumenical winter, the article investigates how queer theory could be a useful tool within ecumenical relations and work. First, it will discuss what identity is. Second, it will present queer theory. And third, it will attempt to bring together identity and queer theory in an ecumenical effort.
Online Dialogue
Authors: Petković Tijana
Published: May 2024

In judging the relative merits of online, in‐person, and hybrid conferences and meetings, this article takes as a case study the Global Ecumenical Theological Institute (GETI), which took place as an in‐person phase held in conjunction with the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches in 2022, following an earlier online phase. The primary objective was to determine the level of satisfaction among participants with the online phase and whether they considered the online phase to have enhanced the productivity of the subsequent in‐person phase. The research found that the combination of online and in‐person phases was deemed an ideal approach for conferences and programmes such as GETI. While it would have been challenging for young researchers or students without previous assembly experience to keep up with the programme without a preparatory online phase, building friendships and connections solely through the online phase proved to be difficult. Accordingly, it is crucial to recognize the situations where in‐person meetings are necessary and effective versus those where online dialogue suffices.
Effectiveness of work‐based learning training in secondary family and consumer sciences
Authors: Miller Cynthia L. , Hough Twyla
Published: May 2024

This mixed methods study investigated the effectiveness of work‐based learning (WBL) experiences in secondary Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) programs, focusing on bridging the gap between secondary education and workforce readiness. Participants included secondary FCS teachers from public middle and high schools in Texas. The findings highlight WBL integration challenges due to varying levels of awareness, training, and industry partnerships among FCS educators. Enhancements in teacher training and stronger industry–education partnerships are recommended to improve the quality and diversity of WBL, aiming to better prepare students for dynamic workforce demands.
ABCB1‐mediated docetaxel resistance reversed by erastin in prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Fangfang , Wu Shiqi , Kuang Ni , Zeng Yan , Li Meixi , Xu Chen
Published: May 2024

Docetaxel (Doc) currently serves as the primary first‐line treatment for patients with castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Erastin, a small molecule compound, can trigger inhibition of the cystine–glutamate reverse transport system and other pathways, leading to iron‐dependent cell death (ferroptosis). Beyond its role in inducing cancer cell death, erastin demonstrates potential when combined with chemotherapy drugs to heighten cancer cell drug susceptibility. However, the augmentation by erastin of the effects of Doc treatment on prostate cancer, and the underlying mechanisms involved, remain unclear. In the present study, we determined the role and the underlying molecular mechanism of erastin against CRPC. The results showed that CRPC cell lines were resistant to Doc, and the expression of ferroptosis‐related factors in drug‐resistant cell lines was downregulated. Erastin, in synergy with Doc, exerts a pro‐apoptotic effect. Erastin significantly inhibited the activity of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) but did not change its protein expression and localization. Finally, in mice, erastin treatment dramatically reduced tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that erastin enhances Doc‐induced apoptosis to a certain extent and reverses Doc resistance in prostate cancer by inhibiting the activity of multidrug‐resistant protein ABCB1.
Drought shortens subtropical understory growing season by advancing leaf senescence
Authors: Sun Huanfa , Yan Liming , Li Zhao , Cheng Wanying , Lu Ruiling , Xia Xingli , Ping Jiaye , Bian Chenyu , Wei Ning , You Cuihai , Tang Songbo , Du Ying , Wang Jing , Qiao Yang , Cui Erqian , Zhou Xuhui , Xia Jianyang
Published: May 2024

Subtropical forests, recognized for their intricate vertical canopy stratification, exhibit high resistance to extreme drought. However, the response of leaf phenology to drought in the species‐rich understory remains poorly understood. In this study, we constructed a digital camera system, amassing over 360,000 images through a 70% throughfall exclusion experiment, to explore the drought response of understory leaf phenology. The results revealed a significant advancement in understory leaf senescence phenology under drought, with 11.75 and 15.76 days for the start and end of the leaf‐falling event, respectively. Pre‐season temperature primarily regulated leaf development phenology, whereas soil water dominated the variability in leaf senescence phenology. Under drought conditions, temperature sensitivities for the end of leaf emergence decreased from −13.72 to −11.06 days °C−1, with insignificance observed for the start of leaf emergence. Consequently, drought treatment shortened both the length of the growing season (15.69 days) and the peak growth season (9.80 days) for understory plants. Moreover, this study identified diverse responses among intraspecies and interspecies to drought, particularly during the leaf development phase. These findings underscore the pivotal role of water availability in shaping understory phenology patterns, especially in subtropical forests.
Acceptability of teledentistry use among residents and staff in aged residential care facilities in the Otago region of New Zealand
Authors: Ng Beatrice Ming Ming , Samaranayaka Ariyapala , Ting Graeme , Smith Moira
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To assess ARC residents' and staff perceptions of the benefits of, and comfort with, teledentistry use in ARC facilities in the Otago region of NZ, and identify end‐user‐level factors associated with its use.

Background

Difficulty in accessing oral healthcare services is a key barrier to aged residential care (ARC) residents' oral health and well‐being. Teledentistry offers a possible solution, yet studies on its acceptability in ARCs are sparse, especially in New Zealand (NZ). This study assessed ARC residents' and staff perceptions of the benefits of, and comfort with, teledentistry use in ARC facilities in the Otago region of NZ and identified end‐user‐level factors associated with its use.

Materials and methods

Rest home‐level residents and care staff in ARC facilities in the Otago region of NZ were surveyed to assess their awareness of teledentistry, perceptions of benefit and comfort using teledentistry, and end‐user‐level factors associated with the feasibility of using it in ARCs.

Results

One hundred residents and 77 care staff from 14 facilities participated. Three‐quarters of resident participants thought that teledentistry was beneficial. Three in five resident participants were comfortable receiving remote dental consultations and care advice through teledentistry. Acceptability, as measured by perceived benefits and comfort, was lower among older participants. Staff participants were receptive to teledentistry use for residents and were comfortable facilitating remote dental consultations and care through teledentistry. No staff participants disagreed with the potential benefits of teledentistry for ARC residents.

Conclusion

Teledentistry would likely be acceptable to residents and staff in ARC facilities in NZ, contributing to residents' improved access to oral health care and improved oral health and well‐being.
‘High hopes for treatment’: Australian stakeholder perspectives of the clinical translation of advanced neurotherapeutics for rare neurological diseases
Authors: Nguyen Christina Q. , Kariyawasam Didu S. T. , Ngai Tsz Shun Jason , Nguyen James , Alba‐Concepcion Kristine , Grattan Sarah E. , Palmer Elizabeth E. , Hetherington Kate , Wakefield Claire E. , Dale Russell C. , Woolfenden Sue , Mohammad Shekeeb , Farrar Michelle A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Advanced therapies offer unprecedented opportunities for treating rare neurological disorders (RNDs) in children. However, health literacy, perceptions and understanding of novel therapies need elucidation across the RND community. This study explored healthcare professionals' and carers' perspectives of advanced therapies in childhood‐onset RNDs.

Methods

In this mixed‐methodology cross‐sectional study, 20 healthcare professionals (clinicians, genetic counsellors and scientists) and 20 carers completed qualitative semistructured interviews and custom‐designed surveys. Carers undertook validated psychosocial questionnaires. Thematic and quantitative data analysis followed.

Results

Participants described high positive interest in advanced therapies, but low knowledge of, and access to, reliable information. The substantial ‘therapeutic gap’ and ‘therapeutic odyssey’ common to RNDs were recognised in five key themes: (i) unmet need and urgency for access; (ii) seeking information; (iii) access, equity and sustainability; (iv) a multidisciplinary and integrated approach to care and support and (v) difficult decision‐making. Participants were motivated to intensify RND clinical trial activity and access to advanced therapies; however, concerns around informed consent, first‐in‐human trials and clinical trial procedures were evident. There was high‐risk tolerance despite substantial uncertainties and knowledge gaps. RNDs with high mortality, increased functional burdens and no alternative therapies were consistently prioritised for the development of advanced therapies. However, little consensus existed on prioritisation to treatment access.

Conclusions

This study highlights the need to increase clinician and health system readiness for the clinical translation of advanced therapeutics for RNDs. Co‐development and use of educational and psychosocial resources to support clinical decision‐making, set therapeutic expectations and promotion of equitable, effective and safe delivery of advanced therapies are essential.

Patient or Public Contribution

Participant insights into the psychosocial burden and information need to enhance the delivery of care in this formative study are informing ongoing partnerships with families, including co‐production and dissemination of psychoeducational resources featuring their voices hosted on the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network website SCHN Brain-Aid Resources.
Recruitment and retention of adolescents for an ecological momentary assessment measurement burst mental health study: The MHIM engagement strategy
Authors: Murray Aja L. , Xie Tong , Power Luke , Condon Lucy
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Recruitment and long‐term retention of adolescent participants in longitudinal research are challenging and may be especially so in studies involving remote measurement and biosampling components. The ability to effectively recruit and retain participants can be supported by the use of specific evidence‐based engagement strategies that are built in from the earliest stages.

Methods

Informed by a review of the evidence on effective engagement strategies and consultations with adolescents (via two Young Person Advisory Groups [YPAGs]; ages 11–13 and 14–17), the current protocol describes the planned participant engagement strategy for the Mental Health in the Moment Study: a multimodal measurement burst study of adolescent mental health across ages 11–19.

Results

The protocol incorporates engagement strategies in four key domains: consultations/co‐design with the target population, incentives, relationship‐building and burden/barrier reduction. In addition to describing general engagement strategies in longitudinal studies, we also discuss specific concerns regarding engagement in data collection methods such as biosampling and ecological momentary assessment where a paucity of evidence exists.

Conclusion

Engagement strategies for adolescent mental health studies should be based on existing evidence and consultations with adolescents. We present our approach in developing the planned engagement strategies and also discuss limitations and future directions in engaging adolescents in longitudinal research.

Patient or Public Contribution

The study design for this project places a strong emphasis on the active engagement of adolescents throughout its development. Specifically, the feedback and suggestions provided by the YPAGs have been instrumental in refining our strategies for maximising the recruitment and retention of participants.
The effect of internal control quality and internal control disclosure regulation on executive perks: A quasi natural experiment from China
Authors: Fonseka Mohan , Al Farooque Omar , Yang Xing , Qilin Wu
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the effect of internal control quality and mandatory internal control disclosure regulation on executive perks in China. Based on a sample of Chinese firms between 2008 and 2019, this study finds that internal control quality and the mandatory disclosure regulation limit both under‐consumption and over‐consumption of executive perks. Furthermore, the mandatory regulation strengthens the relationship between internal control quality and the levels of executive perks. The results are consistent across alternative measures of key variables and are robust to endogeneity analyses. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers, managers, and investors seeking to understand the determinants of the abnormal consumption of executive perks and the associated economic consequences of the internal control system.
Identification of the immune repertoire of γδ T‐cell receptors in psoriasis
Authors: Chen Yuting , Fu Quanze , Ma Yinjiang , Wang Nan , Yang Ji , Liang Qing , Wang Kejia , Gao Lujuan
Published: May 2024

The γδ T cells are a subpopulation of T cells that are abundantly found in the skin and mucous membranes. Their reactivity to self‐antigens and ability to secrete various cytokines make them a key component in psoriasis development. Although the correlation between the immune repertoire (IR) of γδ T‐cell receptors and the occurrence and severity of psoriasis remains incompletely explored, high‐throughput sequencing of γδ T cells has led to a deeper understanding of IR in psoriasis. This study investigated the differences between γδ T cells in patients with psoriasis and healthy controls. The γδ T cells were identified via immunofluorescence staining and a correlation analysis was performed according to the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores. The IR sequencing method was used to detect IR in the γδ T‐cell receptors. The findings demonstrated more skin γδ T cells in patients with psoriasis, which were positively correlated with the PASI score. There were subtle differences in most variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene segments and VJ/VDJ combination segments between patients with psoriasis and healthy controls. However, a higher diversity of complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3) was observed in patients with psoriasis. In summary, the IR of skin γδ T cells was significantly altered in patients with psoriasis, and the diversity in the cell's CDR3 population is a promising biomarker for assessment of psoriasis severity.
Nurse educators' knowledge and opinions about the “One Health” approach
Authors: Ercan Şahin Nilay , Öner Mücahide
Published: May 2024

Aim

This study was conducted to reveal the knowledge and opinions of Turkish nurse educators about the One Health approach.

Background

One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach working at local, regional, national, and global levels to achieve optimal health (and well‐being) outcomes recognizing the interconnections between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment. Despite nurses' unique position to address inequities in health care for all people around the world, the concept of One Health is a relatively new concept in nursing.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional descriptive study involving a total of 272 nurse educators from various universities in Turkey. The email addresses of nurse educators were obtained from university websites, and the questionnaire form (created using the survey tool Google Forms) was then sent to them. Open‐ended questions underwent content analysis, while multiple‐choice questions were analyzed in terms of numbers and percentages.

Results

Eighty‐two percent of nurse educators had never heard of or encountered the One Health approach before. Ninety‐six percent of nurse educators think that the One Health approach should be included in nursing education. Nurse educators asserted that nursing should be included as a discipline in the One Health approach due to its relationship with the environment, health prevention and promotion, and its close contact with society.

Conclusion

The results of this study underscore the necessity of enhancing One Health knowledge among nursing educators. It is particularly significant that the majority of nurse educators had not previously encountered or been aware of the One Health approach, highlighting an important gap in awareness and understanding.

Implications for nursing and nursing policy

Nursing, silent in the realm of One Health, should integrate this approach, which encompasses human, animal, and environmental health, into nursing education, research, and practice. It is time for action to incorporate One Health into both undergraduate and graduate nursing education programs, conducting research in this area, and fostering collaborations.
Regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion mediate anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well‐being in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Guangpeng , Liu Xueyan , Zhu Shujuan , Lei Jun
Published: May 2024

Aims

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion in the relationship among anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well‐being among women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

The study recruited 510 women with polycystic ovary syndrome from a tertiary hospital affiliated with a university in Hunan Province, China. The study employed several tools to collect data, including the Generalized Anxiety Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, the Body Image States Scale, the Self‐Compassion Scale, the Regulatory Emotional Self‐Efficacy Scale and the Index of Well‐being questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis, spearman correlation analysis, ordinary least squares regression and bootstrapping.

Results

The study's findings indicate that regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion both act as mediators in the connection between anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well‐being among women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Conclusion

The study emphasizes the significance of regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion in promoting well‐being among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. It also implies that interventions targeted at enhancing these factors could potentially enhance the subjective well‐being of women affected by PCOS.

Impact

Our study's primary contribution is to underscore the crucial mediating roles of regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion in the relationship among anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well‐being. Our study indicates that clinical practitioners should prioritize improving the regulatory emotional self‐efficacy and self‐compassion of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, reducing their anxiety, depression and body image distress and improving their subjective well‐being.

Reporting Method

This study was reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution outside of participation in the actual study for purposes of data collection.
Physiological thermal niches, elevational ranges and thermal stress in dendrobatid frogs: An integrated approach
Authors: Pintanel Pol , Tejedo Miguel , Camacho Agustín , Enriquez‐Urzelai Urtzi , Llorente Gustavo A. , Merino‐Viteri Andrés
Published: May 2024

Aim

We investigated the relationship between thermal physiology, elevational distribution and thermal stress among nine closely related dendrobatid frogs during their aquatic stage by employing an integrated approach, combining thermal physiology, environmental temperature modelling and predictive assessments of current and future exposure to thermal variation.

Location

Ecuador.

Taxon

Amphibians; Anura, Dendrobatidae, Epipedobates, Hyloxalus.

Methods

We determined the thermal performance curves (TPCs) of larval growth for each species and modelled the thermal variation in contrasting aquatic larval environments for both present and future times. This allowed us to estimate the expected elevational distributions and forecast periods of exposure to stressful temperatures that inhibit larval growth due to elevation and global warming.

Results

We found significant correlations between optimum temperature (Topt), 50% maximum performance temperature (maxB50), 50% minimum performance temperature (minB50) and cold resistance (survival at 9°C) with the current elevational distributions. However, thermal physiology predicted lower than observed distributions for high‐elevation dendrobatids and higher than observed maximum elevations for lowland species. Nonetheless, our models predicted that low thermal variability habitats (i.e. streams and deep permanent ponds) can buffer the future temperature increase for all taxa, even when considering the most extreme scenario. In contrast, all species within high thermal variation habitats (open forest temporary ponds) are expected to experience stressful temperatures under present conditions.

Main Conclusions

The findings indicate that thermal physiology may not be a limiting factor for dendrobatid frog species' ranges in this equatorial mountain gradient. Highland species may need to adapt to suboptimal performance, while some lowland species could occupy higher elevations. This study emphasizes the importance of habitat buffering to mitigate thermal stress in the face of climate change for amphibians in tropical mountains.
Recent advances in CAR‐T cell therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Gao Chi , Li Xin , Xu Yao , Zhang Tongcun , Zhu Haichuan , Yao Di
Published: May 2024

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a fatal and refractory haematologic cancer that primarily affects adults. It interferes with bone marrow cell proliferation. Patients have a 5 years survival rate of less than 30% despite the availability of several treatments, including chemotherapy, allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo‐HSCT), and receptor antagonist drugs. Allo‐HSCT is the mainstay of acute myeloid leukaemia treatment. Although it does work, there are severe side effects, such as graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapies have made significant progress in the treatment of cancer. These engineered T cells can locate and recognize tumour cells in vivo and release a large number of effectors through immune action to effectively kill tumour cells. CAR‐T cells are among the most effective cancer treatments because of this property. CAR‐T cells have demonstrated positive therapeutic results in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, according to numerous clinical investigations. This review highlights recent progress in new targets for AML immunotherapy, and the limitations, and difficulties of CAR‐T therapy for AML.
Internet of things‐based approach for glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bouchi Ryotaro , Izumi Kazuo , Ishizuka Naoki , Uemura Yukari , Ohtsu Hiroshi , Miyo Kengo , Tanaka Shigeho , Satoh‐Asahara Noriko , Hara Kazuo , Odawara Masato , Kusunoki Yoshiki , Koyama Hidenori , Onoue Takeshi , Arima Hiroshi , Tsushita Kazuyo , Watada Hirotaka , Kadowaki Takashi , Ueki Kohjiro
Published: May 2024

Aims

The utilization of long‐term effect of internet of things (IoT) on glycemic control is controversial. This trial aimed to examine the effect of an IoT‐based approach for type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

This randomized controlled trial enrolled 1,159 adults aged 20–74 years with type 2 diabetes with a HbA1c of 6.0–8.9% (42–74 mmol/mol), who were using a smartphone on a daily basis were randomly assigned to either the IoT‐based approach group (ITG) or the control group (CTG). The ITG were supervised to utilize an IoT automated system that demonstrates a summary of lifelogging data (weight, blood pressure, and physical activities) and provides feedback messages that promote behavioral changes in both diet and exercise. The primary end point was a HbA1c change over 52 weeks.

Results

Among the patients, 581 were assigned to the ITG and 578 were in the CTG. The changes in HbA1c from baseline to the final measurement at 52 weeks [mean (standard deviation)] were −0.000 (0.6225)% in ITG and − 0.006 (0.6449)% in CTG, respectively (P = 0.8766). In the per protocol set, including ITG using the IoT system almost daily and CTG, excluding those using the application almost daily, the difference in HbA1c from baseline to 52 weeks were −0.098 (0.579)% and 0.027 (0.571)%, respectively (P = 0.0201). We observed no significant difference in the adverse event profile between the groups.

Conclusions

The IoT‐based approach did not reduce HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. IoT‐based intervention using data on the daily glycemic control and HbA1c level may be required to improve glycemic control.
Differential diagnosis of contact dermatitis: A practical‐approach review by the EADV Task Force on contact dermatitis
Authors: Pesqué David , Aerts Olivier , Bizjak Mojca , Gonçalo Margarida , Dugonik Aleksandra , Simon Dagmar , Ljubojević‐Hadzavdić Suzana , Malinauskiene Laura , Wilkinson Mark , Czarnecka‐Operacz Magdalena , Krecisz Beata , John Swen M. , Balato Anna , Ayala Fabio , Rustemeyer Thomas , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M.
Published: May 2024

The diagnosis of eczema (‘dermatitis’) is mostly clinical and depends on the clinical history and exploratory objective findings (primary lesions, patterns). Contact dermatitis remains as an important condition in the group of eczematous disorders, with important socioeconomic and occupational relevance. Although irritant and allergic contact dermatitis have a different pathogenesis, both are characterized by a rather typical morphology, are triggered by external factors and tend to occur primarily in the area of contact with the exogenous agent. In addition, allergic and irritant dermatitis may also co‐exist. The importance of diagnosing contact dermatitis, especially when allergic in nature, is both due to the possibility of avoiding the trigger, and due to its role in aggravating other skin conditions. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of clinical presentations in daily practice may pose an important challenge for the suspicion and correct diagnosis of contact dermatitis. Furthermore, other conditions, with different pathogenesis and treatment, may clinically simulate contact dermatitis. The Task Force aims to conduct a review of the unifying clinical features of contact dermatitis and characterize its main clinical phenotypes, and its simulators, in order to contribute to an early suspicion or recognition of contact dermatitis and enable a correct differential diagnosis.
Responding to the real problem of sustainable resuscitation skills with real assessment. Mixed‐methods evaluation of an authentic assessment programme
Authors: Thompson James , Verrall Claire , Bogaardt Hans , Thirumanickam Abi , Marley Charles , Boyle Malcolm
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The retention of resuscitation skills is a widespread concern, with a rapid decay in competence frequently following training. Meanwhile, training programmes continue to be disconnected with real‐world expectations and assessment designs remain in conflict with the evidence for sustainable learning. This study aimed to evaluate a programmatic assessment pedagogy which employed entrustment decision and the principles of authentic and sustainable assessment (SA).

Methods

We conducted a prospective sequential explanatory mixed methods study to understand and address the sustainable learning challenges faced by final‐year undergraduate paramedic students. We introduced a programme of five authentic assessments based on actual resuscitation cases, each integrating contextual elements that featured in these real‐life events. The student‐tutor consensus assessment (STCA) tool was configured to accommodate an entrustment scale framework. Each test produced dual student led and assessor scores. Students and assessors were surveyed about their experiences with the assessment methodologies and asked to evaluate the programme using the Ottawa Good Assessment Criteria.

Results

Eighty‐four students participated in five assessments, generating dual assessor‐only and student‐led results. There was a reported mean score increase of 9% across the five tests and an 18% reduction in borderline or below scores. No statistical significance was observed among the scores from eight assessors across 420 unique tests. The mean student consensus remained above 91% in all 420 tests. Both student and assessor participant groups expressed broad agreement that the Ottawa criteria were well‐represented in the design, and they shared their preference for the authentic methodology over traditional approaches.

Conclusion

In addition to confirming local sustainability issues, this study has highlighted the validity concerns that exist with conventional resuscitation training designs. We have successfully demonstrated an alternative pedagogy which responds to these concerns, and which embodies the principles of SA, quality in assessment practice, and the real‐world expectations of professionals.
Who gets an annual review for coeliac disease? Patients with lower health literacy and lower dietary adherence consider them important
Authors: Jeanes Yvonne M. , Kallos Sharon , Muhammad Humayun , Reeves Sue
Published: May 2024

Background

A lifelong gluten‐free (GF) diet to manage coeliac disease is recognised to be challenging. This paper comprises two studies: study one aimed to report the opinions of adults with coeliac disease on review provision and explore factors influencing dietary adherence. Study two aimed to report dietetic provision for adults with coeliac disease.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey was completed by 722 adults with coeliac disease, including validated dietary adherence, health literacy and quality‐of‐life questionnaires. An online and paper survey designed to capture the provision of dietetic services to adults with coeliac disease was completed by 88 dietetic departments within the United Kingdom.

Results

Only 26% of adults with coeliac disease were offered annual reviews. In contrast, 85% considered reviews important, with 62% preferring dietetic provision. Those who considered reviews important had lower health literacy, greater dietary burden, poorer GF dietary adherence and lower GF food knowledge (all p < 0.05) compared with those who did not consider reviews important. GF dietary adherence was associated with health literacy, self‐regulatory behaviours, dietary burden and GF food knowledge; 53% agreed with the ‘cost of GF food restricts what I eat’; they had poorer GF dietary adherence compared with those who disagreed (p < 0.001). More than 72% of dietetic coeliac review provision provided content on improving access to GF foods and eating out of the home.

Conclusions

A subpopulation of adults with coeliac disease have a greater need for support and guidance, which supports the viewpoint that limited resources should be targeted towards patients with the most need for support to enable successful disease management.