bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimum-Acceleration Trajectory Optimization for Humanoid Manipulator Based on Differential Evolution
Authors: Ziwu Ren , Chunguang Li , Lining Sun
Published: April 2016

A humanoid manipulator produces significantly reactive forces against a humanoid body when it operates in a rapid and continuous reaction environment (e.g., playing baseball, ping-pong etc.). This not only disturbs the balance and stability of the humanoid robot, but also influences its operation precision. To solve this problem, a novel approach, which is able to generate a minimum-acceleration and continuous acceleration trajectory for the humanoid manipulator, is presented in this paper. By this method, the whole trajectory of humanoid manipulation is divided into two processes, i.e., the operation process and the return process. Moreover, the target operation point is considered as a particular point that should be passed through. As such, the trajectory of each process is described through a quartic polynomial in the joint space, after which the trajectory planning problem for the humanoid manipulator can be formulated as a global constrained optimization problem. In order to alleviate the reactive force, a fitness function that aims to minimize the maximum acceleration of each joint of the manipulator is defined, while differential evolution is employed to determine the joint accelerations of the target operation point. Thus, a trajectory with a minimum-acceleration and continuous acceleration profile is obtained, which can reduce the effect on the body and be favourable for the balance and stability of the humanoid robot to a certain extent. Finally, a humanoid robot with a 7-DOF manipulator for ping-pong playing is employed as an example. Simulation experiment results show the effectiveness of this method for the trajectory planning problem being studied.
ZnO Nanoparticles: A Promising Anticancer Agent
Authors: Bisht Gunjan , Rayamajhi Sagar
Published: April 2016

Nanoparticles, with their selective targeting capabilities and superior efficacy, are becoming increasingly important in modern cancer therapy and starting to overshadow traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy radiation and surgery. ZnO nanoparticles, with their unique properties such as biocompatibility, high selectivity, enhanced cytotoxicity and easy synthesis, may be a promising anticancer agent. Zinc, as one of the major trace elements of the human body and co-factor of more than 300 mammalian enzymes, plays an important role in maintaining crucial cellular processes including oxidative stress, DNA replication, DNA repair, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Thus, it is evident that an alteration in zinc levels in cancer cells can cause a deleterious effect. Research has shown that low zinc concentration in cells leads to the initiation and progression of cancer and high zinc concentration shows toxic effects. Zinc-mediated protein activity disequilibrium and oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be the probable mechanism of this cytotoxic effect. The selective localization of ZnO nanoparticles towards cancer cells due to enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and electrostatic interaction and selective cytotoxicity due to increased ROS present in cancer cells show that ZnO nanoparticles can selectively target and kill cancer cells, making them a promising anticancer agent.
Three-Month Test-Retest Reliability of Center of Pressure Motion During Standing Balance in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wajda Douglas A. , Motl Robert W. , Sosnoff Jacob J.
Published: April 2016

Background: Balance impairment and an increased rate of falls are commonly reported in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Force platform–generated center of pressure (COP) metrics have previously been recommended as an outcome measure to quantify balance deficits and distinguish between fallers and nonfallers in MS. Information is limited regarding the preservation of postural control in individuals with MS over extended time frames in the absence of an intervention. This report examines the test-retest reliability and magnitude of change of COP motion during standing balance over 3 months.

Methods: Twenty individuals with MS and a history of falling underwent testing on two occasions 3 months apart in the absence of an intervention. On both occasions, participants completed two 30-second trials of three conditions: eyes open, eyes closed, and eyes open with concurrent cognitive challenge (dual task). Measures of COP area, velocity, and temporal structure were calculated and included in the reliability analysis.

Results: The COP metrics displayed fair-to-excellent reliability over 3 months without an intervention. Reliability was maintained across the three commonly used balance conditions.

Conclusions: These results offer insight into the reliability of COP measures over a 3-month period in MS and can inform the use of COP metrics for future study design (eg, sample size estimates) and balance outcome assessment during randomized controlled trials and fall-prevention studies in individuals with MS.
Hipposeq: a comprehensive RNA-seq database of gene expression in hippocampal principal neurons
Authors: Cembrowski Mark S , Wang Lihua , Sugino Ken , Shields Brenda C , Spruston Nelson
Published: April 2016

Clarifying gene expression in narrowly defined neuronal populations can provide insight into cellular identity, computation, and functionality. Here, we used next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to produce a quantitative, whole genome characterization of gene expression for the major excitatory neuronal classes of the hippocampus; namely, granule cells and mossy cells of the dentate gyrus, and pyramidal cells of areas CA3, CA2, and CA1. Moreover, for the canonical cell classes of the trisynaptic loop, we profiled transcriptomes at both dorsal and ventral poles, producing a cell-class- and region-specific transcriptional description for these populations. This dataset clarifies the transcriptional properties and identities of lesser-known cell classes, and moreover reveals unexpected variation in the trisynaptic loop across the dorsal-ventral axis. We have created a public resource, Hipposeq (http://hipposeq.janelia.org), which provides analysis and visualization of these data and will act as a roadmap relating molecules to cells, circuits, and computation in the hippocampus.
Epitaxial iron oxide nanocrystals with memory function grown on Si substrates
Authors: Ishibe Takafumi , Matsui Hideki , Watanabe Kentaro , Takeuchi Shotaro , Sakai Akira , Nakamura Yoshiaki
Published: April 2016

High-density Fe3O4−δ nanocrystals (NCs) were epitaxially grown on Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy with epitaxial Ge NCs being used as nucleation sites. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements showed that the surface bandgap of the as-grown Fe3O4−δ NCs was ∼0.2 eV, consistent with that reported for Fe3O4−δ films. Conductive atomic force microscopy measurements of the NCs revealed hysteresis in the voltage–current curves, indicating bipolar resistive switching behavior. The measurement results established the superiority of the NCs to thin conventional polycrystalline Fe3O4−δ films/Si in terms of resistive switching characteristics. This demonstrated the possibility of developing resistance random access memory devices composed of ubiquitous Fe3O4−δ NC materials.
High-quality InN films on GaN using graded InGaN buffers by MBE
Authors: Islam SM , Protasenko Vladimir , Rouvimov Sergei , Xing Huili (Grace) , Jena Debdeep
Published: April 2016

The growth of high-quality thick InN films is challenging because of the lack of native substrates. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a linearly graded InGaN buffer layer for the growth of InN films on GaN substrates. A 500 nm InN film with <0.1 nm RMS roughness is obtained with a peak mobility of 1410 cm2/(V·s) at 300 K. A strong room temperature photoluminescence showing a bandgap of 0.65 eV with 79 meV linewidth is observed. A graded InGaN buffer is found to lead to extremely smooth and high-quality InN films.
Insights into the morphology of symbiotic shrimp eyes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae); the effects of habitat demands
Authors: Dobson Nicola C. , Johnson Magnus L. , De Grave Sammy
Published: April 2016

Morphometric differences in the optical morphology of symbiotic palaemonid shrimps can be observed among species symbiotic with different host organisms. Discriminant functional analysis revealed three distinct groups within the species examined. Of these, bivalve symbionts appear to have an eye design that is solely unique to this host-symbiont grouping, a design that spans across multiple genera of phylogenetically unrelated animals. Although some taxonomic effects may be evident, this does not explain the difference and similarities in eye morphology that are seen within these shrimps. Therefore evolutionary pressures from their host environments are having an impact on the optical morphology of their eyes however, as indicated by host-hopping events there ecological adaptations occur post host invasion.
GoPros™ as an underwater photogrammetry tool for citizen science
Authors: Raoult Vincent , David Peter A. , Dupont Sally F. , Mathewson Ciaran P. , O’Neill Samuel J. , Powell Nicholas N. , Williamson Jane E.
Published: April 2016

Citizen science can increase the scope of research in the marine environment; however, it suffers from necessitating specialized training and simplified methodologies that reduce research output. This paper presents a simplified, novel survey methodology for citizen scientists, which combines GoPro imagery and structure from motion to construct an ortho-corrected 3D model of habitats for analysis. Results using a coral reef habitat were compared to surveys conducted with traditional snorkelling methods for benthic cover, holothurian counts, and coral health. Results were comparable between the two methods, and structure from motion allows the results to be analysed off-site for any chosen visual analysis. The GoPro method outlined in this study is thus an effective tool for citizen science in the marine environment, especially for comparing changes in coral cover or volume over time.
Nutrient uplift in a cyclonic eddy increases diversity, primary productivity and iron demand of microbial communities relative to a western boundary current
Authors: Doblin Martina A. , Petrou Katherina , Sinutok Sutinee , Seymour Justin R. , Messer Lauren F. , Brown Mark V. , Norman Louiza , Everett Jason D. , McInnes Allison S. , Ralph Peter J. , Thompson Peter A. , Hassler Christel S.
Published: April 2016

The intensification of western boundary currents in the global ocean will potentially influence meso-scale eddy generation, and redistribute microbes and their associated ecological and biogeochemical functions. To understand eddy-induced changes in microbial community composition as well as how they control growth, we targeted the East Australian Current (EAC) region to sample microbes in a cyclonic (cold-core) eddy (CCE) and the adjacent EAC. Phototrophic and diazotrophic microbes were more diverse (2–10 times greater Shannon index) in the CCE relative to the EAC, and the cell size distribution in the CCE was dominated (67%) by larger micro-plankton $(\geq 20\lrm{\mu }\mathrm{m})$, as opposed to pico- and nano-sized cells in the EAC. Nutrient addition experiments determined that nitrogen was the principal nutrient limiting growth in the EAC, while iron was a secondary limiting nutrient in the CCE. Among the diazotrophic community, heterotrophicNifHgene sequences dominated in the EAC and were attributable to members of the gamma-, beta-, and delta-proteobacteria, while the CCE contained both phototrophic and heterotrophic diazotrophs, includingTrichodesmium, UCYN-A and gamma-proteobacteria. Daily sampling of incubation bottles following nutrient amendment captured a cascade of effects at the cellular, population and community level, indicating taxon-specific differences in the speed of response of microbes to nutrient supply. Nitrogen addition to the CCE community increased picoeukaryote chlorophyllaquotas within 24 h, suggesting that nutrient uplift by eddies causes a ‘greening’ effect as well as an increase in phytoplankton biomass. After three days in both the EAC and CCE, diatoms increased in abundance with macronutrient (N, P, Si) and iron amendment, whereas haptophytes and phototrophic dinoflagellates declined. Our results indicate that cyclonic eddies increase delivery of nitrogen to the upper ocean to potentially mitigate the negative consequences of increased stratification due to ocean warming, but also increase the biological demand for iron that is necessary to sustain the growth of large-celled phototrophs and potentially support the diversity of diazotrophs over longer time-scales.
Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Invasion Effects of Mistletoe Alkali on Human Osteosarcoma U2OS In Vitro
Authors: Ge Yan , Wang Yishu , Pang Lei , Zhang Lihong , Zhai Yixian , Zhou Honglan
Published: April 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mistletoe alkali on human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) in vitro. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor; although there are a lot of therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, its prognosis is still very poor. There is increasing interest in the protective biological function of natural antioxidants contained in Chinese medicinal herbs, which are candidates for the prevention of tumors. Mistletoe alkali is one of the compounds extracted from Viscum coloratum (Komar.) Nakai, one kind of mistletoe, whose extracts contribute to the improvement of the prognosis of patients with malignancies. The effect of mistletoe alkali on the growth of U2OS cells was compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The influence of mistletoe alkali on U2OS's proliferation and apoptosis was tested by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining and immunocytochemical staining of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Additionally, the invasion ability of U2OS cells was detected using a Boyden chamber transwell migration assay. CCK-8 assays gave an IC50 of 7 μg/mL for mistletoe alkali. Compared with 5-FU, mistletoe alkali inhibited U2OS proliferation and induced apoptosis more effectively. The invasion ability of U2OS was also weaker in mistletoe alkali than in 5-FU. Mistletoe alkali significantly inhibited growth and invasion abilities of U2OS cells and induced their apoptosis in vitro. Mistletoe alkali may be a more effective drug for human osteosarcoma than the standard chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU.
Effects of olivine fabric, melt‐rock reaction, and hydration on the seismic properties of peridotites: Insight from the Luobusha ophiolite in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Shengsi , Ji Shaocheng , Michibayashi Katsuyoshi , Salisbury Matthew
Published: April 2016

In order to constrain the effects of olivine fabric, melt‐rock reaction, and hydration on the seismic properties and anisotropy of mantle rocks, we investigated serpentinized peridotites from the Luobusha ophiolite in the Indus‐Tsangpo suture of the Tibetan Plateau. A‐type and almost random olivine crystal‐preferred orientations (CPO) occur in harzburgite and dunite samples, respectively. The dunite resulted from interactions of harzburgite with boninitic melt at ~800–970°C, yielding pyroxene dissolution and olivine precipitation. The olivine neoblasts formed from the melt‐rock reaction show no evidence of dislocation creep and developed almost random CPO. Hence, the melt‐rock reaction reduced seismic anisotropy. Our results together with those from the literature indicate that A‐, B‐, C‐, D‐, and E‐type CPOs of olivine generally induceVpanisotropy patterns withVp(X) > Vp(Y) > Vp(Z),Vp(Y) > Vp(X) > Vp(Z),Vp(Z) > Vp(X) > Vp(Y),Vp(X) > Vp(Y) ≈ Vp(Z), andVp(X) > Vp(Z) > Vp(Y), respectively. The effect of serpentinization was calibrated by the comparison of seismic velocities and anisotropy measured up to 600 MPa with the values calculated from the CPO data. Although the low‐temperature (LT, <300°C) serpentinization (lizardite and chrysotile) decreasesVpby ~6–10% andVsby ~12%, it does not change the anisotropy pattern because the mesh‐texture characterized by serpentine veins perpendicular to the principal structural directions (X,Y, andZ) reduces the velocities in these orthogonal directions to almost equal extent. Thus, the magnitude of seismic anisotropy alone cannot be used as an indicator of the degree of LT serpentinization in the mantle rocks. Furthermore, Birch's law is found to hold when peridotites undergo serpentinization.
A new algorithm for three‐dimensional joint inversion of body wave and surface wave data and its application to the Southern California plate boundary region
Authors: Fang Hongjian , Zhang Haijiang , Yao Huajian , Allam Amir , Zigone Dimitri , Ben‐Zion Yehuda , Thurber Clifford , van der Hilst Robert D.
Published: April 2016

We introduce a new algorithm for joint inversion of body wave and surface wave data to get better 3‐D P wave (Vp) and S wave (Vs) velocity models by taking advantage of the complementary strengths of each data set. Our joint inversion algorithm uses a one‐step inversion of surface wave traveltime measurements at different periods for 3‐D Vs and Vp models without constructing the intermediate phase or group velocity maps. This allows a more straightforward modeling of surface wave traveltime data with the body wave arrival times. We take into consideration the sensitivity of surface wave data with respect to Vp in addition to its large sensitivity to Vs, which means both models are constrained by two different data types. The method is applied to determine 3‐D crustal Vp and Vs models using body wave and Rayleigh wave data in the Southern California plate boundary region, which has previously been studied with both double‐difference tomography method using body wave arrival times and ambient noise tomography method with Rayleigh and Love wave group velocity dispersion measurements. Our approach creates self‐consistent and unique models with no prominent gaps, with Rayleigh wave data resolving shallow and large‐scale features and body wave data constraining relatively deeper structures where their ray coverage is good. The velocity model from the joint inversion is consistent with local geological structures and produces better fits to observed seismic waveforms than the current Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) model.
Dislocation creep of dry quartz
Authors: Kilian Rüdiger , Heilbronner Renée , Holyoke Caleb W. , Kronenberg Andreas K. , Stünitz Holger
Published: April 2016

Small‐scale shear zones within the Permian Truzzo meta‐granite developed during the Alpine orogeny at amphibolite facies conditions. In these shear zones magmatic quartz deformed by dislocation creep and recrystallized dynamically by grain boundary migration with minor subgrain rotation recrystallization to a grain size of around 250–750 µm, consistent with flow at low differential stresses. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals very low water contents in the interior of recrystallized grains (in the form of discrete OH peaks, ~20 H/106Si and very little broad band absorption, <100 H/106Si). The spectral characteristics are comparable to those of dry Brazil quartz. In FTIR spectra, magmatic quartz grains show a broad absorption band related with high water concentrations only in those areas where fluid inclusions are present while other areas are dry. Drainage of fluid inclusions and synkinematic growth of hydrous minerals indicates that a hydrous fluid has been available during deformation. Loss of intragranular water during grain boundary migration recrystallization did not result in a microstructure indicative of hardening. These FTIR measurements provide the first evidence that quartz with extremely low intragranular water contents can deform in nature by dislocation creep at low differential stresses. Low intragranular water contents in naturally deformed quartz may not be necessarily indicative of a high strength, and the results are contrary to implications taken from deformation experiments where very high water contents are required to allow dislocation creep in quartz. It is suggested that dislocation creep of quartz in the Truzzo meta‐granite is possible to occur at low differential stresses because sufficient amounts of intergranular water ensure a high recovery rate by grain boundary migration while the absence of significant amounts of intragranular water is not crucial at natural conditions.
Why cirrus cloud seeding cannot substantially cool the planet
Authors: Gasparini Blaž , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: April 2016

The net warming effect of cirrus clouds has driven part of the geoengineering research toward the idea of decreasing their occurrence frequency by seeding them with efficient ice nucleating particles. We study responses of cirrus clouds to simplified global seeding strategies in terms of their radiative fluxes with the help of the ECHAM‐HAM general circulation model. Our cirrus scheme takes into account the competition between homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing, preexisting ice crystals, and the full spectrum of updraft velocities. While we find that the cirrus cloud radiative effect evaluated from our model is positive and large enough (5.7 W/m2) to confirm their geoengineering potential, none of the seeding strategies achieves a significant cooling due to complex microphysical mechanisms limiting their climatic responses. After globally uniform seeding is applied, we observe an increase in cirrus cloud cover, a decrease in ice crystal number concentration, and a decrease in ice crystal radius. An analysis of their respective radiative contributions points to the ice crystal radius decrease as the main factor limiting seeding effectiveness.
Continental hyperextension, mantle exhumation, and thin oceanic crust at the continent‐ocean transition, West Iberia: New insights from wide‐angle seismic
Authors: Davy R. G. , Minshull T. A. , Bayrakci G. , Bull J. M. , Klaeschen D. , Papenberg C. , Reston T. J. , Sawyer D. S. , Zelt C. A.
Published: April 2016

Hyperextension of continental crust at the Deep Galicia rifted margin in the North Atlantic has been accommodated by the rotation of continental fault blocks, which are underlain by the S reflector, an interpreted detachment fault, along which exhumed and serpentinized mantle peridotite is observed. West of these features, the enigmatic Peridotite Ridge has been inferred to delimit the western extent of the continent‐ocean transition. An outstanding question at this margin is where oceanic crust begins, with little existing data to constrain this boundary and a lack of clear seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies. Here we present results from a 160 km long wide‐angle seismic profile (Western Extension 1). Travel time tomography models of the crustal compressional velocity structure reveal highly thinned and rotated crustal blocks separated from the underlying mantle by the S reflector. The S reflector correlates with the 6.0–7.0 km s−1 velocity contours, corresponding to peridotite serpentinization of 60–30%, respectively. West of the Peridotite Ridge, shallow and sparse Moho reflections indicate the earliest formation of an anomalously thin oceanic crustal layer, which increases in thickness from ~0.5 km at ~20 km west of the Peridotite Ridge to ~1.5 km, 35 km further west. P wave velocities increase smoothly and rapidly below top basement, to a depth of 2.8–3.5 km, with an average velocity gradient of 1.0 s−1. Below this, velocities slowly increase toward typical mantle velocities. Such a downward increase into mantle velocities is interpreted as decreasing serpentinization of mantle rock with depth.
“SWING”: A European project for a new application of an ionospheric network
Authors: Zolesi B. , Bianchi C. , Meloni A. , Baskaradas J. A. , Belehaki A. , Altadill D. , Dalle Mese E.
Published: April 2016

The SWING (Short Wave critical Infrastructure Network based on a new Generation high survival radio communication system) is a European project aimed at studying a high survival high‐frequency (HF) radio network to link European Critical Infrastructures (ECIs). This system is thought to replace broadband internet communication, maintaining the minimum flux of essential information for the ECIs management and control, in case of wide‐scale threats, including terrorist attacks, able to put out of order internet links over the Mediterranean region. SWING is designed to evaluate the threat and increase the security awareness, as well as the level of protection, of analogous and/or interdependent ECIs. In order to meet these goals, SWING was finalized to recognize how and when the internet communication fails and to develop the standard software and hardware tools necessary for implementing communication protocols suited for a reliable and interoperable short‐wave (SW) or high‐frequency (HF) radio network backup. The internet broadband description and internet failure recognition were taken into consideration in the project but are not treated in this paper. It has been assessed that in case of complete failure of the internet broadband communication fundamental information for the management and control of ECIs over the Mediterranean region can be maintained with a HF network, even in case of moderate ionospheric perturbations.
Simple Salt‐Coordinated n‐Type Nanocarbon Materials Stable in Air
Authors: Nonoguchi Yoshiyuki , Nakano Motohiro , Murayama Tomoko , Hagino Harutoshi , Hama Shota , Miyazaki Koji , Matsubara Ryosuke , Nakamura Masakazu , Kawai Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2016

After more than three decades of molecular and carbon‐based electronics, the creation of air‐ and thermally stable n‐type materials remains a challenge in the development of future p/n junction devices such as solar cells and thermoelectric modules. Here a series of ordinary salts are reported such as sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and potassium hydroxide (KOH) with crown ethers as new doping reagents for converting single‐walled carbon nanotubes to stable n‐type materials. Thermoelectric analyses reveal that these new n‐type single‐walled carbon nanotubes display remarkable air stability even at 100 °C for more than 1 month. Their thermoelectric properties with a dimensionless figure‐of‐merit (ZT) of 0.1 make these new n‐type single‐walled carbon nanotubes a most promising candidate for future n‐type carbon‐based thermoelectric materials.
Micropatterning Facilitates the Long‐Term Growth and Analysis of iPSC‐Derived Individual Human Neurons and Neuronal Networks
Authors: Burbulla Lena F. , Beaumont Kristin G. , Mrksich Milan , Krainc Dimitri
Published: April 2016

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their application to patient‐specific disease models offers new opportunities for studying the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. However, current methods for culturing iPSC‐derived neuronal cells result in clustering of neurons, which precludes the analysis of individual neurons and defined neuronal networks. To address this challenge, cultures of human neurons on micropatterned surfaces are developed that promote neuronal survival over extended periods of time. This approach facilitates studies of neuronal development, cellular trafficking, and related mechanisms that require assessment of individual neurons and specific network connections. Importantly, micropatterns support the long‐term stability of cultured neurons, which enables time‐dependent analysis of cellular processes in living neurons. The approach described in this paper allows mechanistic studies of human neurons, both in terms of normal neuronal development and function, as well as time‐dependent pathological processes, and provides a platform for testing of new therapeutics in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Mechanocompatible Polymer‐Extracellular‐Matrix Composites for Vascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Jiang Bin , Suen Rachel , Wang Jiao‐Jing , Zhang Zheng J. , Wertheim Jason A. , Ameer Guillermo A.
Published: April 2016

Small‐diameter vascular grafts developed from vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) can potentially be used for bypass surgeries and other vascular reconstruction and repair procedures. The addition of heparin to the ECM improves graft hemocompatibility but often involves chemical cross‐linking, which increases ECM mechanical stiffness compared to native arteries. Herein, the importance of maintaining ECM mechanocompatibility is demonstrated, and a mechanocompatible strategy to immobilize heparin onto the ECM via a biodegradable elastomer is described. Specifically, poly(1,8‐octamethylene citrate)‐co‐cysteine is hybridized to the ECM, forming a polymer‐ECM composite that allows for heparin immobilization via maleimide–thiol “click” chemistry. Heparinized composites reduce platelet adhesion by >60% in vitro, without altering the elastic modulus of the ECM. In a rat abdominal aortic interposition model, intimal hyperplasia in heparinized mechanocompatible grafts is 65% lower when compared to ECM‐only control grafts at four weeks. In contrast, grafts that are heparinized with carbodiimide chemistry exhibit increased intimal hyperplasia (4.2‐fold) and increased macrophage infiltration (3.5‐fold) compared to ECM‐only control grafts. All grafts show similar, partial endothelial cell coverage and little to no ECM remodeling. Overall, a mechanocompatible strategy to improve ECM thromboresistance is described and the importance of ECM mechanical properties for proper in vivo graft performance is highlighted.
Zinc Iodide‐Mediated Direct Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroisoxazoles from Alkynes and Nitrones
Authors: Xiao Zu‐Feng , Ding Ting‐Hui , Mao Sheng‐Wei , Ning Xiao‐Shan , Kang Yan‐Biao
Published: April 2016

A zinc diiodide (ZnI2)‐mediated direct synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroisoxazoles via a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of the nitrones and non‐electron‐deficient terminal alkynes has been developed. This method was applied in the formal synthesis of HPA‐12 and aminoglucose.

magnified image
Sustainable Micellar Gold Catalysis – Poly(2‐oxazolines) as Versatile Amphiphiles
Authors: Lempke Linda , Ernst Andrea , Kahl Fabian , Weberskirch Ralf , Krause Norbert
Published: April 2016

The application of five polymer amphiphiles in the gold‐catalyzed allene cycloisomerizations under aqueous micellar conditions is described. The polymers were prepared by ring‐opening cationic polymerization based on poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) as hydrophilic segment and different hydrocarbon‐ or fluorocarbon‐based hydrophobic segments. The catalytic activity in the gold‐catalyzed allene cyclization is strongly dependent on the type of gold precursor, the salt concentration in the bulk aqueous medium, and the concentration of the polymeric amphiphile. Best results were obtained with 2 mol% of gold(III) bromide, 1 mM of amphiphile and 5 M sodium chloride, affording over 80% yield for different heterocyclic products. The catalyst system is also suitable for the dehydrative cyclization of acetylenic diols to furans. Moreover, successful catalyst recycling was demonstrated in three consecutive runs when using optimized extraction conditions.

magnified image
A splice site mutation in HERC1 leads to syndromic intellectual disability with macrocephaly and facial dysmorphism: Further delineation of the phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Aggarwal Shagun , Bhowmik Aneek Das , Ramprasad Vedam L. , Murugan Sakthivel , Dalal Ashwin
Published: April 2016

We report on a sib pair of Indian origin presenting with intellectual disability, dysmorphism, and macrocephaly. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous splice site HERC1 mutation in both probands. Functional analysis revealed use of an alternate splice site resulting in formation of a downstream stop codon and nonsense mediated decay. In the light of recent reports of HERC1 mutations in two families with a similar phenotypic presentation, this report reiterates the pathogenic nature and clinical consequences of HERC1 disruption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The discovery of LRRK2 p.R1441S, a novel mutation for Parkinson's disease, adds to the complexity of a mutational hotspot
Authors: Mata Ignacio F. , Davis Marie Y. , Lopez Alexis N. , Dorschner Michael O. , Martinez Erica , Yearout Dora , Cholerton Brenna A. , Hu Shu‐Ching , Edwards Karen L. , Bird Thomas D. , Zabetian Cyrus P.
Published: April 2016

Mutations in the LRRK2 gene result in autosomal dominant, late onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Three such mutations (p.R1441C, p.R1441G, and p.R1441H) are known to occur within codon 1441, and haplotype analyses indicate that each one has arisen independently on multiple occasions. We sequenced the entire coding region of 18 casual genes for PD or other parkinsonian neurodegenerative disorders in the proband of a family with autosomal dominant PD. We discovered a new missense mutation in the LRRK2 gene, c.4321C>A (p.R1441S). The mutation was predicted to be highly deleterious in silico (Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion score of 25.5) and segregated with disease in the pedigree. The clinical characteristics of affected family members were similar to those described in PD families with other mutations in LRRK2 codon 1441 and included resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, unilateral onset, and a good response to levodopa. Age at onset ranged from 41 to 76. Two of the affected members of the pedigree underwent detailed, longitudinal neuropsychological testing, and both displayed evidence of mild cognitive deficits at or slightly preceding the onset of motor symptoms. LRRK2 p.R1441S represents the fourth pathogenic mutation observed within codon 1441 and its discovery adds to the remarkable complexity of a mutational hotspot within the ROC domain of the LRRK2 protein. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Socialization in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Authors: Worlein Julie M. , Kroeker Rose , Lee Grace H. , Thom Jinhee P. , Bellanca Rita U. , Crockett Carolyn M.
Published: April 2016

In response to new emphasis by regulatory agencies regarding socialization, behavioral management programs are allocating greater resources to maximize socialization opportunities for laboratory primates. Information regarding predictors of compatibility and risk of injury for all laboratory‐housed species of macaques are needed to make social introductions and pairings as efficient and safe as possible. This study presents data on 674 pairs of pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) at the Washington National Primate Research Center over a 7‐year period. During pair introduction, behavior was monitored while the degree of tactile contact was gradually increased. Based on observed behavior, pairs were assigned a behavioral introduction score (BIS), rating the quality of their interactions for each day of introduction. Animals deemed compatible, based on the BIS and technologist judgment, were allowed to progress to continuous contact with no staff present. A small proportion of animals deemed compatible at introduction was later separated for subsequent incompatibility or aggression; these proportions were higher in full contact compared to protected contact pairings. Of 674 pairs, 75% were deemed compatible at introduction in protected contact; 86 of these pairs were later transitioned to full contact with 98% compatibility. Predictors of decreased compatibility assessed during protected contact introductions included age (adult pairs were less compatible), the BIS on the last day of introduction, and aggression or injury during the introductory period. Predictors of injuries during the protected contact introduction process included: aggression on the first day of introduction, a negative BIS on the first or last day of introduction, and, surprisingly, the presence of grooming on the first day of introduction. Injuries during both introduction and subsequent pairing in protected contact were rare; however, injury rates increased significantly during full‐contact pairing. These findings underscore the necessity of species‐specific data to guide decision‐making during the social introduction process. Am. J. Primatol. 79:e22556, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flow cytometry‐based characterization of underlying clonal B and plasma cells in patients with light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Lisenko Katharina , Schönland Stefan O. , Jauch Anna , Andrulis Mindaugas , Röcken Christoph , Ho Anthony D. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Hegenbart Ute , Hundemer Michael
Published: April 2016

Systemic amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a life‐threatening protein deposition disorder; however, effective therapy can dramatically improve the prognosis of AL patients. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of the underlying hematologic disease is important. Multi‐parameter flow cytometry (MFC) is a reliable method to analyze lymphatic neoplasias and to detect even a small lymphatic clone. We analyzed the presence of clonal plasma cell (PC) and B cells in the bone marrow of 63 patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis by MFC. We compared the results with the levels of monoclonal protein, the histopathology and cytogenetic results. As reference of light chain restriction, we used the immunohistochemical results of κ or λ positive amyloid deposits in various tissues. MFC identified underlying clonal lymphatic cells in all but two patients (61 of 63, 97%). Sixty‐one patients harbored malignant PCs, whereas B‐cell lymphomas were identified in two patients. Furthermore, MFC indicated at least one putative immunotherapeutical target (CD20, CD38, CD52, or SLAMF7) on malignant PCs in all but one patient. These results demonstrate that MFC is a reliable tool for an accurate diagnosis of the underlying hematologic disease and the detection of potential immunotherapeutical targets in patients with AL amyloidosis.
Adherence to cancer screening guidelines in Australian survivors of allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT)
Authors: Dyer Gemma , Larsen Stephen R. , Gilroy Nicole , Brice Lisa , Greenwood Matt , Hertzberg Mark , Kabir Masura , Brown Louisa , Hogg Megan , Huang Gillian , Moore John , Gottlieb David , Kwan John , Tan Jeff , Ward Christopher , Kerridge Ian
Published: April 2016

Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) survivors are at high risk of secondary cancers. Although current guidelines endorse survivors following Country‐specific general population screening recommendations to mitigate this risk, little is known about cancer screening adherence in Australian BMT survivors. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 441 BMT survivors who were >1 year post transplant, to explore rates of screening for secondary cancers and to identify barriers to cancer screening recommendations. Survey instruments included the Sydney Post‐BMT Survey, FACT‐BMT, DASS 21, The Chronic Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) Activity Assessment–Patient Self‐Report (Form B), the Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Scale, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Scale, and The Post Traumatic Growth Inventory. Fifty‐seven percent of respondents were male, median age 54 years, and 40% were >6 years post‐BMT. Rates of cancer screening adherence were as follows: cervical 63.4%, breast 53.3%, skin 52.4%, and bowel 32.3%. Older BMT survivors and those >2 years post transplant were more likely to undergo cancer screening. Improved quality of life was associated with screening for skin, breast, and cervical cancer. Fear of cancer recurrence negatively impacted on cervical screening. For those who had not undergone screening, the majority reported not being advised to do so by their treatment team. This study is the largest and most comprehensive to date exploring cancer screening adherence in BMT survivors in Australia. These data provide the basis for health service reform to better meet the needs of BMT survivors and provide evidence to support counseling and education of both patients and professionals.
Comparing the Social Images of Youth In and Out of Residential Care
Authors: Vaz Garrido Margarida , Nunes Patrício Joana , Calheiros Maria Manuela , Lopes Diniz
Published: April 2016

The literature indicates that youths in residential care have been associated with negative social images. However, there have been few studies focused on these social images, specifically, comparing them with the images of youths in normative contexts. To address this issue, we conducted two studies comparing the social images people have about youths in residential care to those they hold about youths living out of care. Both studies were conducted in Portugal: Study 1 explores these images through an open‐ended questionnaire; Study 2 examines these images with a quantitative instrument. Overall, the results indicate that the perception about youths in residential care was more negative than the perception about youths out of care. Additionally, the first study probed the effect of socioeconomic status of the youths on the social images held about them and the second examined the role of the respondents' professional contact with youth in care population on these social images. The implications of the social images people have about youth in residential care for the research and intervention towards the wellbeing of this population are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel role of zonula occludens‐1: A tight junction protein closely associated with the odontoblast differentiation of human dental pulp cells
Authors: Xu Jue , Shao Meiying , Pan Hongying , Wang Huning , Cheng Li , Yang Hui , Hu Tao
Published: April 2016

Zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), a tight junction protein, contributes to the maintenance of the polarity of odontoblasts and junctional complex formation in odontoblast layer during tooth development. However, expression and possible role of ZO‐1 in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) during repair process remains unknown. Here, we investigated the expression of ZO‐1 in hDPCs and the relationship with odontoblast differentiation. We found the processes of two adjacent cells were fused and formed junction‐like structure using scanning electron microscopy. Fluorescence immunoassay and Western blot confirmed ZO‐1 expression in hDPCs. Especially, ZO‐1 was high expressed at the cell–cell junction sites. More interestingly, ZO‐1 accumulated at the leading edge of lamellipodia in migrating cells when a scratch assay was performed. Furthermore, ZO‐1 gradual increased during odontoblast differentiation and ZO‐1 silencing greatly inhibited the differentiation. ZO‐1 binds directly to actin filaments and RhoA/ROCK signaling mainly regulates cell cytoskeleton, thus RhoA/ROCK might play a role in regulating ZO‐1. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and Y‐27632 were used to activate and inhibit RhoA/ROCK signaling, respectively, with or without mineralizing medium. In normal cultured hDPCs, RhoA activation increased ZO‐1 expression and especially in intercellular contacts, whereas ROCK inhibition attenuated the effects induced by LPA. However, expression of ZO‐1 was upregulated by Y‐27632 but not significantly affected by LPA after odontoblast differentiation. Hence, ZO‐1 highly expresses in cell–cell junctions and is related to odontoblast differentiation, which may contribute to dental pulp repair or even the formation of an odontoblast layer. RhoA/ROCK signaling is involved in the regulation of ZO‐1.
Implementing evidence‐based psychotherapy in an adolescent inpatient setting
Authors: Frazier Elisabeth , Thompson Alysha , Wolff Jennifer , Hunt Jeffrey
Published: April 2016

Very little research exists on inpatient psychiatric treatment for youth, and hardly any information on the types of interventions used on inpatient units or the efficacy of inpatient therapies has been published in the past 20 years. With the increase in managed care, length of hospital stay has decreased, though readmission rates have increased (Blader, 2004; Pottick, McAlpine, & Andelman, 2000; Wickizer, Lessler, & Boyd‐Wickizer, 1999). From 1990 to 2000, inpatient length of stay for youth dropped by 63% from approximately 12 days to 4.5 days despite higher rates of self‐injury and serious mental illness and decreased transfers to intermediate care facilities (Case et al., 2007).
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Aryl Formates under Mild Conditions
Authors: Jiang Li‐Bing , Li Rui , Li Hao‐Peng , Qi Xinxin , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: April 2016

Aryl formates have been extensively applied as CO sources in CO‐free carbonylation reactions. However, there are no catalytic synthetic procedures for their preparation. In this manuscript, we developed a convenient palladium‐catalyzed procedure for the synthesis of aryl formates. Good yields were achieved under mild reaction conditions with formic acid as the formyl source.
ChemInform Abstract: A STUDY OF THE PREPARATION OF SOLID SOLUTIONS IN THE SYSTEM α‐IRON(III) OXIDE‐ALUMINUM OXIDE
Authors: KLISSURSKI D. G. , MITOV I. G. , PETROV K. P.
Published: April 2016

Im Hinblick auf die Bildung gefällter F e‐Katalysatoren für die NH3‐Synthese wird die Mischkristallbildung zwischen α‐Fe2O3 und Al2O3 im Temp.‐Bereich 500‐950°C untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Π .VECTOR. Π* TRANSITIONS IN TERMINALLY COORDINATED SUPEROXIDES AND NITROGEN TO COBALT(III) CHARGE TRANSFER SPECTRA
Authors: LEVER A. B. P. , PICKENS S. R.
Published: April 2016

Anhand der bekannten Spektren der Komplexe (II) und (III) werden die Übergänge in den Elektronenspektren der Komplexe (I) zugeordnet.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS. XLV. ELECTROCHEMICALLY INDUCED REARRANGEMENT OF S,S‐DIARYL BENZENE‐1,2‐DICARBOTHIOATES
Authors: PRAEFCKE K. , WEICHSEL C. , FALSIG M. , LUND H.
Published: April 2016

An einer Hg‐Sumpf‐Elektrode werden die Bisthioester (I) in DMF bis zu einer Ladungsaufnahme von 0.05 F/mol reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIESTROGENS. SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF MAMMARY TUMOR INHIBITING ACTIVITY OF 1,1,2,2‐TETRAALKYL‐1,2‐DIPHENYLETHANES
Authors: HARTMANN R. W. , KRANZFELDER G. , VON ANGERER E. , SCHOENENBERGER H. +
Published: April 2016

Über eine Grignard‐Reaktion mit anschließender Oxidation erhält man aus den Aldehyden (I) die Ketone (II), die weiter zu den Alkoholen (III) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: EXPERIMENTAL ANTIULCER DRUGS. 4. 1,3‐DISUBSTITUTED 2,4,5,6‐TETRAHYDRO‐4,6,6‐TRIMETHYL‐2‐PHENYLCYCLOPENTA(C)PYRROLE‐4‐CARBOXAMIDES
Authors: OESTERLIN R. , BELL M. R. , HLAVAC A. G. , MCGARRY R. H. , GELOTTE K. O. , BRADFORD J. C. , ROZITIS J. JUN.
Published: April 2016

Auf den im Formelschema skizzierten Wegen werden einige bicyclische Pyrrolderivate dargestellt, von denen die Vertreter (VII), (VIII) und (XI) bei der Ratte eine Magensäure‐inhibierende Wirkung zeigen.
ChemInform Abstract: DITHIOACETALS OF FORMALDEHYDE
Authors: WALEK W.
Published: April 2016

Das Biscyanimidodithiocarbonat (I) läßt sich mit CH‐aciden Halogenverbindungen zu den Alkylderivaten (II) umsetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: 4A,9B‐TRANS‐8‐FLUORO‐5‐(4‐FLUOROPHENYL)‐2‐(4‐(4‐FLUOROPHENYL)‐4‐HYDROXYBUTYL)‐2,3,4,4A,5,9B‐HEXAHYDRO‐1H‐PYRIDO(4,3‐B)INDOLE HYDROCHLORIDE, A NEW POTENT NEUROLEPTIC
Authors: WELCH W. M. , EWING F. E. , HARBERT C. A. , WEISSMAN A. , KOE B. K.
Published: April 2016

Mit überschüssigem Boran bildet die in acht Stufen aus p‐Fluorphenylhydrazin zugängliche Verbindung (I) den Komplex (II), dessen Zersetzung zu′(III) und dem entsprechenden Dehydratisierungsprodukt führt.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFORMATIONALLY RESTRICTED TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS. 1. OCTAHYDRODIBENZAZEPINONAPHTHYRIDINES AS RIGID IMIPRAMINE ANALOGS
Authors: MARTIN A. R. , PARADKAR V. M. , PENG G. W. , SPETH R. C. , YAMAMURA H. I. , HORN A. S.
Published: April 2016

In Abhängigkeit von Lösungsmittel erhält man aus dem ungesättigten Amid (I) durch Belichtung das trans‐ (II) bzw. das cis‐Addukt (III), von denen jedes bei der Behandlung mit Kaliumhydroxid zu einem 30z70‐Gemisch von (II) und (III) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES CONTAINING D‐GLUCOSAMINIC ACID. I. SYNTHETIC METHODS
Authors: DEAK G. Y. , GALL‐ISTOK K. , ZARA‐KACZIAN E. , KISFALUDY L.
Published: April 2016

Aus der (bekannten) Aminosäure (I) (D‐Glucosaminsäure) sind die Derivate (IIa)‐(IIe) erhältlich.