bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An assessment of the disequilibrium of Alaskan glaciers
Authors: Otto Daniel R. , Roe Gerard H. , Christian John Erich
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The finite response time of alpine glaciers means that glaciers will be in a state of disequilibrium in the presence of a climate trend. Using a simple model of glacier dynamics, we use metrics of glacier geometry to evaluate the present-day disequilibrium for a population of 5600 alpine glaciers in Alaska. Our results indicate that glaciers throughout the region are in a severe state of disequilibrium. We estimate that the median glacier has only undergone 27 % of the retreat necessary to achieve equilibrium with the present-day climate. In general, glaciers with smaller areas have smaller response times, and so are closer to equilibrium than large glaciers. Because much of Alaska’s glacier area is contained in a few large glaciers that are far from equilibrium, and because the rate of warming has increased in the last ~50 years, the median equilibration weighted by area is only 16 %. Our estimates are sensitive to uncertainty in response time and to the shape of the warming trend. Uncertainty is greatest for intermediate glacier response times but is small for glaciers with the smallest and largest response times. Finally, we demonstrate that accounting for the increased rate of warming in the late-20th century is important for estimating glacier disequilibrium, whereas the shape of the warming trend in the early-20th century is less relevant. Our results imply substantial future glacier retreat is already guaranteed regardless of the trajectory of future warming.
Promoted phosphorus transformation by increasing soil microbial diversity and network complexity – A case of long-term mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus with N-fixing tree species
Authors: Li Jiyin , You Yeming , Zhang Wen , Wang Yi , Liang Yuying , Huang Haimei , Ma Hailun , He Qinxia , Ming Angang , Huang Xueman
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Increased nitrogen (N) availability influences soil phosphorus (P) cycling through multiple pathways. Soil microorganisms are essential facilitating a wide range of ecosystem functions. However, the impact of mixed plantations of Eucalyptus and N-fixing tree species affect P transformation and microbiota interactions remains unknown. Therefore, we conducted a 17-year field experiment in pure Eucalyptus plantations (PPs) to assess the effects of soil P transformation in mixed plantations (MPs) of Eucalyptus and N-fixing trees species. The results showed that α-diversity indices for bacteria ACE and Chao1 as well as Shannon indices index for both bacteria and fungi were significantly higher in MPs than in PPs. Significantly higher relative abundances in MPs than in PPs were determined for the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria (0–10 cm soil layer only), Verrucomicrobia, and Rokubacteria and for the fungal phyla Mortierllomycota, Mucoromycota, and Rozellomycota. By contrast, those of the bacterial phyla Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes and fungal phylum Ascomycota were significantly lower in MPs than in PPs. Gene copy numbers for 16S rRNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), N functional genes [nifH (0–10 cm soil layer only), AOB-amoA, narG, nirS, and nosZ (0–10 cm soil layer only)] and P functional genes [phoC, phoD (0–10 cm soil layer only), BPP, and pqqC] were also significantly higher in MPs than in PPs. The findings indicated that MPs can enhance soil microbial diversity, network complexity, and the relative abundance of functional genes associated with N and P cycling by optimizing soil nutrient levels and pH, thereby facilitating P transformation. Therefore, MPs of Eucalyptus and N-fixing tree species may represent a promising forest management strategy to improve ecosystem P benefits.
Cold pools mediate mesoscale adjustments of trade-cumulus fields to changes in cloud-droplet number concentration
Authors: Alinaghi Pouriya , Jansson Fredrik , Blázquez Daniel A. , Glassmeier Franziska
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The mesoscale self-organization of trade-cumulus cloud fields is a major cloud-climate uncertainty. Cold pools, i.e. pockets of cold, dense air resulting from rain evaporation, are a key mechanism in shaping these dynamics and are controlled by the large-scale forcing. We study the microphysical sensitivity of cloud-field self-organization through cold pools by varying cloud-droplet number concentration Nc from 20 to 1000 /cm3 in large-eddy simulations on large 154×154 km2-domains. We find that cold pools exhibit two distinct regimes of mesoscale self-organization. In very low-Nc conditions, cold pools transition from a stage where they are small and randomly distributed to forming large, long-lived structures that perpetuate due to the collisions of cold pools at their fronts. Under high-Nc conditions, cold pools display strongly intermittent behaviour and interact with clouds through small, short-lived structures. While Nc thus influences the number of cold pools and, in turn, mesoscale organization, cloud depth, and cloud albedo, we find its effect on cloud cover to be minimal. Comparing the microphysical sensitivity of cold-pool-mediated mesoscale dynamics to the external, large-scale forcing shows that Nc is as important as horizontal wind and large-scale subsidence for trade-cumulus albedo. Our results highlight that cold pools mediate adjustments of trade-cumulus cloud fields to changes in Nc. Such mesoscale adjustments need to be considered if we are to better constrain the effective aerosol forcing and cloud feedback in the trade-wind regime.
Data-Informed Inversion Model (DIIM): a framework to retrieve marine optical constituents in the BOUSSOLE site using a three-stream irradiance model
Authors: Soto López Carlos Enmanuel , Anselmi Fabio , Gharbi Dit Kacem Mirna , Lazzari Paolo
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Within the New Copernicus Capability for Trophic Ocean Networks (NECCTON) project, we aim to improve the current data assimilation system by developing a method for accurately estimating marine optical constituents from satellite-derived Remote Sensing Reflectance. We developed and compared two frameworks by implicitly inverting a semi-analytical expression derived from the classical Radiative Transfer Equation. First, we used a Bayesian estimation, which provided retrievals of the optical constituents along with their uncertainties. Moreover, using historical in-situ measurements together with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to adjust the model parameters, we were able to reduce the root mean square Error (RMSE) between the retrieved data and in-situ observations. Second, we employed the Stochastic Gradient Variational Bayes (SGVB) framework to efficiently approximate the Maximum Posterior (MAP) estimates of the optical constituents while simultaneously finding the Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) of the model parameters. This approach resulted in faster computations of the optical constituents compared to Bayesian estimations, with equivalent RMSE values between the retrieved data and in-situ observations. We showed that both, the MCMC and SGVB based algorithms, were able to find sets of optimal parameters, which, due to correlations between them, are not unique. We conclude that both methods are consistent with the Radiative Transfer Equation. The first method provides reliable uncertainty estimations, while the second offers a faster alternative to standard inversion techniques, making it suitable for inversion and model optimization problems where MCMC algorithms are intractable.
ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СОТРУДНИКОВ ОРГАНОВ ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ
Authors: А.М. ЗАРИНА
Published: November 2024

Система социального обеспечения сотрудников полиции требует реформ. Сегодня перед за- конодателем на первом месте стоят вопросы: повышения денежного довольствия в МВД России; привлечения лиц с большим стажем на службу путем стимулирующих выплат и обеспечения личного состава жильем. Акту- альным в условиях современной трансформации общества будет внесение изменений в законодательство о социальных гарантиях сотрудников органов внутренних дел, а также разработка и принятие Федерального за- кона «О накопительно-ипотечной системе жилищного обеспечения сотрудников органов внутренних дел». Для стимулирования работы сотрудников со стажем более двадцати лет следует вернуть лицам, имеющим право на пенсию, доплату от 25 до 50 % от суммы пенсии, которая могла быть им назначена.

The police welfare system requires reform. Today the legislator faces the following issues in the first place: increasing pay in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia; attracting people with extensive experience to the service through incentive payments and providing personnel with housing. Relevant in the context of the modern transformation of society will be the introduction of amendments to the legislation on social guarantees for employees of internal affairs bodies, as well as the development and adoption of the Federal Law «On the savings and mortgage system of housing for employees of internal affairs bodies». To stimulate the work of employees with more than twenty years of experience, return to those entitled to a pension an additional payment of 25% to 50% of the pension amount that could have been assigned to them.
О ПРАВОВОМ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ НЕВОЗВРАТНЫХ ТАРИФОВ В ГОСТИНИЧНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ
Authors: Е.Г. БАГРЕЕВА , К.Д. СТАНКОВСКИЙ
Published: November 2024

В статье анализируется существующее законодательство в сфере тарифного регулирования в гостиничной отрасли. Выявляются пробелы, которые ведут к возникновению конфликтных ситуаций между гостями и объектами размещения. Рассматриваются инициативы Правительства, в частности Министерства экономического развития, как основного государственного органа, регулирующего эту отрасль. Приводятся и комментируются мнения экспертов отрасли. Рассматриваются возможности и последствия внедрения понятия невозвратного тарифа в действующее законодательство.

The article analyzes the existing legislation in the field of tariff regulation in the hotel industry. Gaps are identified that lead to conflict situations between guests and accommodation facilities. The initiatives of the Government, in particular the Ministry of Economic Development, as the main state body regulating this industry are being considered. Opinions of industry experts are provided and commented on. The possibilities and consequences of introducing the concept of non-refundable tariff into the current legislation are considered.
НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ И ОСНОВЫ МАРКЕТИНГА ЛЮБИТЕЛЬСКОГО СПОРТА
Authors: С.Н. СКОРОХОДОВ
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматриваются ключевые аспекты и индикаторы эффективного функционирова- ния системы маркетинговых коммуникаций в любительском спорте. Представлены законодательный статус и нормативно-правовая специфика любительского спорта как самостоятельного сегмента индустрии спорта. В ходе исследования использовались следующие научные методы: метод системного анализа, метод сравни- тельной характеристики, систематизация, структурно-функциональный метод. По результатам исследования сделан обоснованный вывод о том, что результативность коммерциализации любительского спорта напрямую зависит от качества маркетинговых стратегий спортивных организаций и субъектов экономической деятельно- сти, а инновационная привлекательность отрасли формируется благодаря развитию омниканального подхода в маркетинговых коммуникациях с целевой аудиторией.

The article examines key aspects and indicators of the effective functioning of the marketing communications system in amateur sports. It presents the legislative status and regulatory specifics of amateur sports as an independent segment of the sports industry. The following scientific methods were used in the study: the method of system analysis, the method of comparative characteristics, systematization, and the structural and functional method. Based on the results of the study, a reasonable conclusion was made that the effectiveness of the commercialization of amateur sports directly depends on the quality of the marketing strategies of sports organizations and economic entities, and the innovative attractiveness of the industry is formed due to the development of an omnichannel approach in marketing communications with the target audience.
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО КАК МЕХАНИЗМ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ: ИСТОРИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И ТЕКУЩИЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ
Authors: Н.С. КАБАНОВ
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена анализу взаимодействия государства и частного сектора в сфере обеспе- чения национальной безопасности. Автор рассматривает историческое значение монополии государства на защиту границ и утверждает, что в современных условиях важно привлекать частные компании к производству продукции для оборонно-промышленного комплекса (ОПК). В статье подробно обсуждаются формы государ- ственно-частного партнерства, начиная с Указа Президента РФ 2012 года, который создал правовые условия для участия частного бизнеса в ОПК. Приводятся аргументы в пользу того, что данное партнерство способствует инновациям, повышению эффективности и обеспечению финансовой стабильности в оборонной промышлен- ности. Важно, однако, чтобы при таком сотрудничестве государственные интересы сохраняли приоритет над частными, что требует структурного подхода в осуществлении контроля за деятельностью частных компаний.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the interaction between the state and the private sector in the field of national security. The author examines the historical significance of the state's monopoly on border protection and argues that in modern conditions it is important to involve private companies in the production of products for the military-industrial complex (MIC). The article discusses in detail the forms of public-private partnership, starting with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 2012, which created the legal conditions for private business to participate in the defense industry. Arguments are made in favor of the fact that this partnership contributes to innovation, efficiency improvement and financial stability in the defense industry. It is important, however, that in such cooperation, public interests retain priority over private ones, which requires a structural approach in monitoring the activities of private companies.
К ВОПРОСУ О ПРАВОВОМ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ БЕЗРАБОТИЦЫ СРЕДИ МОЛОДЕЖИ
Authors: Л.Ю. НОВИЦКАЯ
Published: November 2024

В современном мире проблема безработицы приобретает особую актуальность, затрагивая все слои населения, но особенно остро она стоит перед молодыми людьми, только начинающими свой профес- сиональный путь. Безработица среди молодёжи может привести к серьёзным социальным и экономическим последствиям, таким как снижение уровня жизни, рост преступности и потеря профессиональных навыков и квалификации. Обеспечение занятости молодежи осложняется в условиях мирового финансового кризиса, вы- звавшего снижение инвестиционной активности, а также рост безработицы населения.

In the modern world, the problem of unemployment is becoming particularly relevant, affecting all segments of the population, but it is especially acute for young people just starting their professional path. Youth unemployment can lead to serious social and economic consequences, such as lower living standards, increased crime and loss of professional skills and qualifications. Youth employment is becoming more difficult in the context of the global financial crisis, which has caused a decrease in investment activity, as well as an increase in unemployment.
ЭТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРАВИЛА АДВОКАТОВ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КОРЕЯ
Authors: П.Н. БИРЮКОВ , А.Ф. РЕХОВСКИЙ
Published: November 2024

Данная статья продолжает цикл статей авторов про адвокатуру Кореи (Евразийская адвокату- ра. 2024. № 3; Евразийская адвокатура. 2024. № 4). В статье рассматриваются этические правила и ответственность адвокатов. Авторы описывают правовую базу деятельности адвокатов и нравственные начала деятельности адвоката. Подробно рассматривается во- прос о комитетах по этике при адвокатских образованиях. Показана роль Министерства юстиции Кореи в при- менении этических норм и правил. Исследуется процедура дисциплинарной ответственности адвокатов и об- разований. В завершение сделан вывод, что система адвокатуры в Корее представляет собой уникальное соче- тание традиционно корейских и западных правовых принципов. Она отличается высоким профессионализмом и способностью адвокатов представлять интересы клиентов на высоком уровне. В системе существуют строгие правила ответственности, что обеспечивает надежную защиту прав клиентов.

This article is the third in a series about the legal profession of the Republic of Korea. The article discusses the ethical rules and responsibilities of lawyers. The authors describe the legal basis for the activities of lawyers and the moral principles of the activities of a lawyer. The issue of ethics committees at legal professions is discussed in detail. The role of the Korean Ministry of Justice in the application of ethical standards and rules is shown. The procedure for disciplinary liability of lawyers and entities is examined. In conclusion, it is concluded that the legal profession system in Korea is a unique combination of traditional Korean and Western legal principles. It is distinguished by high professionalism and the ability of lawyers to represent clients' interests at a high level. The system has strict liability rules, which ensures reliable protection of client rights.
ПОПЫТКА ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ АДВОКАТОВ УГОЛОВНО-ПРАВОВЫМИ СРЕДСТВАМИ С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЙ ПАЛАТЫ АДВОКАТОВ: ХОТЕЛИ КАК ЛУЧШЕ, НО ПОЛУЧИЛОСЬ КАК ВСЕГДА ПЛОХО
Authors: А.В. РАГУЛИН
Published: November 2024

В статье с критических позиций рассматривается предлагаемый Федеральной палатой адво- катов проект закона об уголовно-правовой защите адвокатской деятельности. Делается вывод о том, что пред- ставленный проект не способен на практике достичь заявленных целей, вследствие чего он нуждается в пере- работке.

It is concluded that the presented project is capable of causing the impossibility of its application in practice for the implementation of the goals stated in the explanatory note to it, as a result of which it needs to be reworked.
ЗАЩИТА ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРАВ АДВОКАТОВ В РОССИИ: ТЕОРИЯ, ПРАКТИКА, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: К.С. ЧЕРДЫНЦЕВА
Published: November 2024

Цель настоящего исследования заключается в выявлении и оценке наиболее значимых ме- тодов предупреждения и пресечения посягательств на профессиональные права адвокатов в России. В ходе работы использовались методы системного анализа, исторический, формально-юридический методы, метод изучения документов, метод включенного наблюдения, структурно-функциональный метод и другие методы научного познания. Автором проанализированы понятие и содержание профессиональных прав адвоката, рас- смотрены теоретические и практические проблемы их защиты. Особое внимание уделено вопросам взаимодей- ствия адвокатов с государственными органами, выработаны предложения по совершенствованию правовых и организационных механизмов защиты прав адвокатов.

The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the most significant methods of preventing and suppressing infringements on the professional rights of lawyers in Russia. The study employed methods of system analysis, historical and formal legal methods, method of studying documents, method of participant observation, structural-functional method and other methods of scientific cognition. The author analyzed the concept and content of the lawyer's professional rights, considered theoretical and practical problems of their protection. Particular attention is paid to the issues of interaction between lawyers and state bodies, proposals for improving legal and organizational mechanisms for protecting the rights of lawyers are developed.
КРИТЕРИАЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА РАЗУМНОГО СРОКА УГОЛОВНОГО СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВА: МЕХАНИЗМ И АЛГОРИТМ ЕЁ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: В.Л. КУДРЯВЦЕВ , Р.Е. ЕГОРОВА
Published: November 2024

Цель работы – исследование критериальной оценки разумного срока уголовного судопроиз- водства через механизм и алгоритм её реализации. В статье рассматриваются отдельные проблемы теории и правоприменения, связанные с критериальной оценкой разумного срока. Установлено, что критериальная оценка разумного срока может осуществляться только по критериям, которые предусмотрены УПК РФ; меха- низм реализации критериальной оценки разумного срока уголовного судопроизводства состоит из четырёх элементов: объекта, критериев, обстоятельств и субъектов; к критериям оценки следует отнести своевремен- ность и целесообразность. Сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию отдельных положений ст. 6.1 УПК РФ, алгоритм реализации критериальной оценки разумного срока уголовного судопроизводства.

The purpose of the work is to study the criterion assessment of the reasonable period of criminal proceedings through the mechanism and algorithm for its implementation. The article examines individual problems of theory and law enforcement related to the criterion assessment of a reasonable period. It has been established that the criterion assessment of the reasonable period can be carried out only according to the criteria provided for by the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation; the mechanism for implementing the criterion assessment of the reasonable period of criminal proceedings consists of four elements: the object, criteria, circumstances and subjects; the evaluation criteria should include timeliness and expediency. Proposals were formulated to improve certain provisions of Article 6.1. Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, algorithm for the implementation of the criterion assessment of the reasonable period of criminal proceedings.
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ АДВОКАТА ПО ДОКАЗЫВАНИЮ В СУДЕ АПЕЛЛЯЦИОННОЙ ИНСТАНЦИИ
Authors: Д.П. МАЙКО
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена доказыванию в суде апелляционной инстанции. Рассмотрены различные подходы относительно того, выступают ли стороны активными субъектами доказывания на стадии обжалова- ния приговоров. Рассмотрен вопрос о возложении обязанности по доказыванию на стороны защиты. Обосно- ван вывод о том, что на адвокате лежит обязанность по обжалованию незаконных и несправедливых пригово- ров, а также вывод о том, что защитник выступает активным субъектом доказывания.

The article is devoted to proving in the court of appeal. Various approaches are considered as to whether the parties are active subjects of evidence at the stage of appealing sentences. The conclusion is substantiated that the advocate has an obligation to appeal against illegal and unfair sentences, as well as the conclusion that the defender acts as an active subject of proof.
Erläuterung eines Paradoxons in KrV B 137, AA 3, 111.25–28
Authors: Caimi Mario
Published: November 2024

Der Satz von B 137, der im Titel dieses Aufsatzes zitiert wird, scheint ein Paradoxon darzustellen, das mit der in der Kritik der reinen Vernunft entwickelten Erkenntnistheorie unvereinbar ist. In besagtem Satz wird von „reiner Erkenntnis“ gesprochen, die unabhängig von aller Sinnlichkeit ist, obwohl in der Kritik behauptet wurde, dass Begriffe ohne sinnlichen Inhalt leer sind und dass Erkenntnis durch bloße Begriffe unmöglich ist. Die Untersuchung, wie verschiedene Interpreten versuchen, dieses Paradoxon zu beheben, führt zu keinem zufriedenstellenden Ergebnis. Kommentatoren haben nicht berücksichtigt, dass der Ausdruck „Erkenntnis“, der Teil des Wortes „Verstandeserkenntnis“ ist, im Neutrum steht, was in diesem Fall bedeutsam ist, weil es anzeigt, dass Kant nicht auf Wissen, sondern auf einen Dekret hinweisen wollte (was laut Grimms Wörterbuch die Bedeutung von „Erkenntnis“ im Neutrum ist). So verstanden, hört der Satz auf, paradox zu sein, und ermöglicht ein genaueres Verständnis der Apperzeption.
Algumas dificuldades e estratégias de tradução do Direito Natural Feyerabend para o português
Authors: Fragelli Hulshof Monique
Published: November 2024

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The Damsel in Distress in Kants Critique of pure Reason - on the ambivalence of reason between disciplin and self-liberation
Authors: Wallner Larissa
Published: November 2024

This article explores an overlooked motif in the Critique of Pure Reason: the “Damsel in Distress.” Kant uses the trope to motivate his first Critique on a narrative level. Reason is depicted as a high-born female subject in a hopeless predicament, unable to free herself. A hero rescues her, not by liberation, but by discipline, mirroring the myth where the rescued female is appropriated through marriage. The paper examines the parallels between this popular trope and the narrative of the first Critique, arguing that Kant’s choice of this motif is due to cultural and political biases. While this narrative aligns with Kant’s goal of establishing philosophy as a strict science, it marginalizes the also present, progressive potential of Kant’ s concept of the highest faculty as a hermeneutical, world-making, and orienting capacity as means for universal cum critical thinking.
El deber estatal de sustento en Kant: deber jurídico de obligación estricta como condición necesaria de una libertad tripartita
Authors: Rivera González Juan
Published: November 2024

El presente artículo trata sobre el deber estatal de sustento a los pobres, que Kant expone en su Metafísica del Derecho. Primero, se indica la importancia de tal obra en el pensamiento kantiano y del concepto supremo de libre arbitrio en el sistema. Segundo, se explora sobre la naturaleza de dicho deber de sustento y, en especial, su carácter de deber jurídico de obligación estricta. En consecuencia, se rechaza que se trate de un deber de beneficencia, un deber de benevolencia del soberano, una especie de derecho social o un derecho sin coacción derivado de la equidad. Tercero, se indican siete argumentos sistemáticos que fundamentan el deber estatal de sustento como condición necesaria del ejercicio de una libertad tripartita para los pobres; consistente en la libertad de arbitrio exterior, la libertad innata y la libertad práctica, argumentos que se encuentran necesariamente interrelacionados.
Features of The Training of Future Computer Science Teachers on Neural Networks
Authors:   NPJSC «L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University», SERIK Meruyert , KARILKHAN Nurzhanar ,   NPJSC «L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University», KARELKHAN Nursaule ,   NPJSC «L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University»
Published: November 2024

The structure of the content of neural networks today is one of the most popular, relevant and modern areas of human activity at the intersection of Information Technology, mathematical analysis and statistics. Currently, special topics are introduced in general education schools. However, in educational programs that train computer science teachers, individual courses related to neural networks are not embedded. Therefore, in order to improve the course and professional skills of computer science teachers in relation to the neural network, the article identifies the general conditions of use of neural networks at the world level in order to identify the features of training future computer science teachers in neural networks in leading universities in the world. The conditions and experience of teaching neural networks in leading universities in the world were analyzed.
A Testing System in Programming Classes Development and Implementation
Authors:   NCJSC ", MUKHARSKY Dmitry ,   Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University", SABITOV Amanbek ,   NCJSC "Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University"
Published: November 2024

The main, and most effective, activity when teaching programming is problem solving. Automated systems for checking programming problems can ease the teacher’s responsibilities. They will allow you to reach a larger number of students in less time and devote more time to each student. The article presents an automatic testing program for teaching programming in Python, which was developed at Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov. The program interface and its capabilities are described. Describes how to use the program and ways to further improve and develop it. Testing platforms for conducting programming Olympiads and teaching programming have been preliminarily reviewed. Their positive aspects and disadvantages are analyzed, which forced the authors to develop their own testing program.
Analyzing Big Data Using Machine Learning to Identify Factors Affecting College Students Dropout Risk
Authors:   NLC «Rudny Industrial University», SAPARKHOJAYEV Nurbek , TASHKENBAYEV Yerzhan ,   LLP «Boarding School-Lyceum «Darazhol», ZHOLAYEVA Lazzat ,   SMSE «Kentau Multidisciplinary College»
Published: November 2024

This article is a comparative analysis of two machine learning methods – the decision tree model and gradient boosting – to predict the risk of college dropout based on data on their demographic characteristics, educational background and socio-economic status. The authors of the study evaluated the accuracy, precision, recall and F1 scores of both models based on test data, identified significant factors affecting the risk of expulsion, and offered recommendations for educational institutions to reduce this risk. During the analysis, social factors were also taken into account, such as the level of student engagement in the learning process and the presence of financial difficulties. Special attention was given to assessing the impact of parents' educational background on students' academic performance. The results obtained may be useful for developing new support strategies for students aimed at increasing the completion rates of their education.
Dual sgRNA-directed knock out survivin gene expression using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for editing survivin gene in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Syahrani Resda A. , Wanandi Septelia I. , Arumsari Sekar , Nihayah Silviatun , Watanabe Yukihide , Mizuno Seiya , Louisa Melva , Wuyung Puspita E.
Published: November 2024

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) offers a robust approach for genome manipulation, particularly in cancer therapy. Given its high expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), targeting survivin with CRISPR/Cas9 holds promise as a therapeutic strategy. The aim of this study was to design specific single guide ribonucleic acid (sgRNA) for CRISPR/Cas9 to permanently knock out the survivin gene, exploring its potential as a therapeutic approach in breast cancer while addressing potential off-target effects. Survivin gene knockout was conducted in the TNBC cell line BT549. Intron 1, exon 2, and intron 2 of the survivin gene were selected as sgRNA targets. These sgRNAs were designed in silico and then cloned into a CRISPR/Cas9 expression plasmid. The cleavage activity was assessed using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression plasmid. The sgRNAs with higher cleavage activity were selected for the establishment of knockout cells. After transfecting the plasmid into the cells, the success of the survivin gene knockout was validated at the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis, and at the protein expression level using Western blotting. The study found that sgRNAs survin1A (targeting intron 1), survex2A (targeting intron 2), and survin2A (targeting intron 2) demonstrated higher cleavage activities compared to the other sgRNAs. However, using the single sgRNA, survex2A did not generate mutations in the survivin gene. At the protein level, survivin was still expressed, indicating that a single sgRNA was ineffective in knocking out the survivin gene. In contrast, the combination of sgRNA survin1A and sgRNA survin2A was more effective in generating mutations in the survivin gene, resulting in the deletion of the entire exon 2 and leading to a loss of survivin protein expression. In conclusion, our work provides specific sgRNAs and demonstrates the utilization of dual sgRNAs strategy in the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out the survivin gene, showing potential in breast cancer therapy.
Potential of soybean-velvet bean combination tempe in improving cognitive function
Authors: Astawan Made , Damayanti Aprilia F. , Wresdiyati Tutik , Afifah Diana N. , Rahmawati Irma S.
Published: November 2024

Velvet bean is a native Indonesian legume containing L-dopa, yet it remains underutilized. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different types of tempe (soybean, velvet bean, and their combination) on cognitive function, brain histology, dopamine levels, and serum β-amyloid in rats, as well as to identify the parameters most influencing cognitive function, including brain mass and volume, hippocampal neuron count, and dopamine and β-amyloid levels. An experimental study was conducted using a completely randomized design with one factor: the protein source of diet. Five rat groups were included based on protein sources: non-protein, casein control, soybean tempe flour, velvet bean tempe flour, and a combination of soybean and velvet bean tempe flour. This study examined cognitive performance by measuring maze completion time, while brain mass and volume, hippocampus histology for neuron cell counts in the dentate gyrus section, cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), and cornu ammonis 3 (CA3), brain dopamine and β-amyloid serum levels were measured after eight weeks of intervention. Our data indicated that rats deprived of protein had significantly slower maze completion times (p<0.001), underscoring the importance of protein in cognitive processes. Rats treated with non-protein rations had significantly lighter brain masses (p<0.001) than other treatments. Histological analysis of the hippocampus showed that the three types of tempe rations helped maintain the number and density of neuron cells in the dentate gyrus and CA3 of the hippocampus. Additionally, the protein in the ration could increase dopamine levels and suppress serum β-amyloid levels. There was a strong correlation between brain volume and neuron cell density in the dentate gyrus section of the hippocampus with cognitive function. These results highlight the promising role of combination tempe in increasing cognitive function, brain mass and volume, dopamine levels, and suppressing serum β-amyloid.
Antioxidant Potential at Harvest Age of Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.)
Authors:   Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculutre, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Dewanti F. Deru
Published: November 2024

The anthocyanin content can be found in the butterfly pea flower, particularly in the petal, which is generally purple. This indicates that the generative phase of the butterfly pea plant, especially during flower formation, affects the flavonoid and anthocyanin content of the butterfly pea flowers. Several factors can influence flowering in butterfly pea cultivation, including environmental and genetic factors.
Emergence of Non-summative Relations in Language
Authors:   Universitat de València, López García-Molins Angel , Pruñonosa-Tomás Manuel ,   Universitat de València
Published: November 2024

The appearance of signs is linked to the relationship of a form, which in itself has no semantic value, with a content, to which it is linked by convention. From this result two strong assertions: 1) that the signifier (the form) and the signified (the content) are the two sides of the sign; 2) that the union of the signifier and the signified is arbitrary; a corollary of 1) and 2) is that on both levels new units are produced from the addition of smaller units. Since F. de Saussure formulated this definition of the sign, descriptively easy to manipulate, linguistics has been confirming that there is something more. It consists of non-summative transversal relations, which occur at all levels (words whose meaning leads to other words, phonemes that sound like other phonemes in the chain, etc.). These relations are enactive, they result from the mutual determination of language and world.
Bande dessinée et énaction
Authors:   Universitat de València, Sancho Cremades Pelegri
Published: November 2024

This paper studies some of the possible relationships between comics and the linguistic theory of enaction. First, the relations between the discourse of the comic and the world will be discussed. I will show that they influence each other, although this influence in the comic may be controversial. Secondly, I will say a few words about embodiment in comics, focussing on the phenomena of planning and the semiotic resource of point of view. Finally, I will explain iconicity in the (verbal) language of comics, referring to onomatopoeia and lettering.
The Acquisition of Spanish as a Foreign Language: a Lexical-enactive Approach
Authors:   Università degli studi di Palermo, Di Gesù Fioriana
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the environment is responsible for the construction of the lexicon in the acquisition of a foreign language and, in particular, Spanish as FL. Our study focuses on the acquisition of Spanish by Italian learners. It takes into consideration the existence, for these learners, of a unique conceptual system, but with branches for the acquisition of a foreign language that arise, not so much from the conceptual system directly, but from the L1. We who are not native speakers can come into contact with our lexicon through the experience we have had with the L1. Whoever learns an L2, especially at an A1-A2 level, looks for expressions in his L1 to translate them into the L2 through their mental construction, while a native will extract the information directly, concretizing the experience of emotion without going beyond the L1: all this is regulated, at a neurophysiological level, by the prefrontal cortex that controls the lexicon. What we will try to argue in this article is the way in which a lexical-enactive approach in teaching Spanish as FL can be very useful when acquiring lexical competence in a foreign language.
Correlação entre força de preensão manual, músculo adutor do polegar e indicadores antropométricos em pessoas idosas da Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Sena Pereira Maria Luiza Amorim , Almeida Vinícius Santos , Pereira Marlus Henrique Queiroz
Published: November 2024

No processo de envelhecimento as pessoas idosas passam por várias mudanças fisiopatológicas, inclusive aquelas relacionadas à redução da massa e força muscular. Assim, este estudo buscou avaliar a relação entre a espessura do Músculo Adutor do Polegar (MAP), a Força de Preensão Manual (FPM) e variáveis antropométricas em uma população idosa atendida pela Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra representativa, realizado com indivíduos da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em um município do Nordeste brasileiro. Na coleta de dados foram investigados aspectos sociodemográficos e de saúde, FPM, MAP, além de outras medidas antropométricas (Circunferência da panturrilha (CP), Circunferência do braço (CB), Índice de massa corporal (IMC) e peso). As variáveis foram expressas por análise descritiva, além dos testes de correlação de Pearson, Spearman e teste t-Student ou Mann-Whitney. Foram avaliadas 316 pessoas, sendo a maioria mulheres (61,7%) e com idade entre 60 e 79 anos (87,3%). A média do MAP foi de 11,2mm (DP:± 3,5) e a mediana da FPM de 21,0Kg (IIQ: 18,0 - 28,0). Houve correlação positiva entre o MAP e a FPM (r=0,360; p<0,001). Observou-se correlação positiva entre MAP e variáveis antropométricas (CP (r=0,174; p=0,002), CB (r=0,224; p<0,001), peso (r=0,341; p<0,001) e IMC (r=0,229; p<0,001), bem como entre FPM e variáveis antropométricas (CP (r=0,219; p<0,001), CB (r=0,113; p=0,045) e peso (r=0,365; p<0,001). Desta forma, houve correlação positiva entre o MAP e FPM em pessoas idosas da APS, sugerindo que a quantidade de músculo está diretamente relacionada à força exercida.
Factors Responsible for Colleges of Education Students' Difficulty to Communicate Orally in French
Authors: B. Doute, , S. Libarbole, , D. A. Ayi,
Published: November 2024

The majority of Ghanaian French language students have wished that they speak some acceptable level of French in and out of their study institutions. This has however not been fruitful. This study set out to investigate the reasons for the difficulty in engaging in oral communication in the French language by French language students in colleges of education in Ghana. This quantitative study adopted the cross-sectional survey design. Out of 122 target participant populations, 93 students from the St John Bosco’s and the Gbewaa colleges of education provided responses to the questionnaire items. Data was analysed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance to rank the factors responsible for students’ difficulty to communicate orally in French, from the most pressing factor to the least pressing factor. The study realized that fear of being mocked, interference of the English language and inadequate exposure to the French language were the most pressing reasons/factors responsible for college students’ inability to communicate orally in French while inadequate time allocation for French lessons and lack of encouragement from French teachers to speak French orally were among the least reasons for college students’ inability to speak French orally. It was therefore recommended that there is a need for pro-activeness on the part of French language tutors to frequently engage students in oral communication and also discourage students from mocking colleagues who might make mistakes in their efforts at oral speeches. Also, a deliberate policy by school authorities and the tutors alike to make French speaking attractive through reward schemes should be made available and students should be encouraged to form or create French language clubs which will provide them the platform to practise oral communication on campus to aid fluency in the French language.
Krymskí Tatári
Authors: Tomášeková Lenka , Tomášek Robert
Published: November 2024

The Crimean Tatars although they form one of the oldest ethnic groups on the Crimean peninsula, belong to the population group that is constantly restricted in their rights and freedom. The tragic events of the last hundred years have dramatically changed the fate of this Muslim ethnic group. The demographic composition of the population, the famine, the Second World War and the annexation of Crimea were the events that fundamentally affected the lives of the Crimean Tatars for many decades.
Rolnicy i spółdzielczość w Polsce: stary czy nowy ruch społeczny?
Authors: Nowak Piotr , Gorlach Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

Artykuł jest próbą ukazania postaw współczesnych polskich rolników w odniesieniu do idei spółdzielczości. Autorzy przyjmują założenie, że postawy te są zdeterminowane zarówno historycznymi doświadczeniami mieszkańców wsi polskiej, jak i współczesnym funkcjonowaniem neoliberalnej rynkowej gospodarki kapitalistycznej. Artykuł podzielony został na cztery części. W części pierwszej zaprezentowany został krótki historyczny rys dotyczący spółdzielczości w rolnictwie i na obszarach wiejskich. Wskazuje się tutaj na trzy zasadnicze kwestie. Po pierwsze, historia ruchu spółdzielczego na obszarach wiejskich rozpoczęła się na ziemiach polskich już w okresie zaborów. Po drugie, w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego ruch spółdzielczy stanowił przykład dynamicznego rozwoju inicjatyw społecznych, także na obszarach wiejskich i w rolnictwie. Po trzecie, w okresie po II wojnie światowej w ramach systemu komunistycznego ruch spółdzielczy został użyty przez władze polityczne i administracyjne jako instrument kontroli rozmaitych społecznych i gospodarczych inicjatyw także na obszarach wiejskich i w rolnictwie. W części drugiej krótko przedstawiono ewolucję zmian ruchu spółdzielczego w świecie, który staje się coraz bardziej podobny do rozmaitych form organizacyjnych charakterystycznych dla gospodarki kapitalistycznej. W części trzeciej zaprezentowano wyniki badań przeprowadzonych przez Centrum Doradztwa Rolniczego w Krakowie w ramach projektu „Spółdzielczość w świadomości rolników i doradców oraz praktyczne wykorzystanie idei spółdzielczej do rozwoju przedsiębiorczości na obszarach wiejskich”. Badania przeprowadzono w październiku i listopadzie 2013 r. na obszarze kraju za pomocą ankiety audytoryjnej wśród 2525 rolników korzystających z usług doradców rolniczych. Konkluzje wynikające z badań wskazują, że: a) sceptyczne postawy wobec spółdzielczości wśród starszych rolników są efektem doświadczeń z okresu komunistycznego, b) najmłodsi rolnicy (do 35 roku życia) prezentują najniższy poziom wiedzy na temat spółdzielczości, choć jednocześnie wykazują najwyższy poziom zainteresowania tą formą organizacyjną, uznając, że daje możliwości obrony własnych interesów, c) jedynie jedna czwarta respondentów uważa, że rolnicy i mieszkańcy wsi są gotowi do podjęcia wspólnego działania dla wspólnego celu. Wynika to przede wszystkim z niskiego poziomu zaufania charakteryzującego społeczeństwo polskie.
Wieś jako terytorium innowacyjne
Authors: Zajda Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Streszczenie: Proces innowacji jest zakorzeniony terytorialnie. W literaturze przedmiotu to miasto (a zwłaszcza ośrodki metropolitalne) przedstawia się jako „naturalne” środowisko dla innowacji. Tymczasem zasoby obszarów wiejskich, co prawda ograniczają ich możliwości w zakresie kreowania i wdrażania innowacji technologicznych, jednak dają im szansę na tworzenie i wdrażanie innowacji społecznych. W artykule zaprezentowane zostaną założenia paradygmatu bliskości (l’ekonomie de proximité) i teorii regionalnego systemu innowacji (regional innovation systems theory), odnoszące się do definiowania znaczenia terytorium dla procesów innowacji. Jego celem jest zobrazowanie uwarunkowań tworzenia na wsi lokalnych systemów innowacji społecznych. Analizie (na podstawie danych zawartych w literaturze przedmiotu) poddano różne wymiary relacji między podmiotami potencjalnie wchodzącymi w ich skład, to jest między instytucjami publicznymi (w tym władzami lokalnymi) a organizacjami pozarządowymi (w tym lokalnymi grupami działania) i przedsiębiorstwami (w tym przedsiębiorstwami społecznymi). Oceniając je, można wyróżnić te układy terytorialne, które wykazują zdolność kreowania lokalnych systemów innowacji oraz te, których potencjał w tym zakresie jest niewielki.
Evidence-Based Pathways for Leveling Digital Access in Higher Education During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ali Christopher , Katz Vikki S.
Published: November 2024

At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers’ attention focused heavily on K–12 student connectivity. By contrast, college students were largely “presumed connected,” even as they lost access to campus Wi-Fi, computer labs, and other digital resources. This study asks what lessons were learned and not learned by university administrators when it came to digital inequality on their campuses during the pandemic. To address this question, the article’s authors relied on a series of student surveys and policy analyses. This article offers evidence-based policy recommendations to university leaders for effectively addressing digital inequality among their student populations as we look beyond the pandemic.