bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gels as Promising Delivery Systems: Physicochemical Property Characterization and Recent Applications
Authors: Wang Enzhao , Qi Zhaoying , Cao Yuzhou , Li Ruixiang , Wu Jing , Tang Rongshuang , Gao Yi , Du Ruofei , Liu Minchen
Published: February 2025

Gels constitute a versatile class of materials with considerable potential for applications in both technical and medical domains. Physicochemical property characterization is a critical evaluation method for gels. Common characterization techniques include pH measurement, structural analysis, mechanical property assessment, rheological analysis, and phase transition studies, among others. While numerous research articles report characterization results, few reviews comprehensively summarize the appropriate numerical ranges for these properties. This lack of standardization complicates harmonized evaluation methods and hinders direct comparisons between different gels. To address this gap, it is essential to systematically investigate characterization methods and analyze data from the extensive body of literature on gels. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of general characterization methods and present a detailed analysis of gel characterization data to support future research and promote standardized evaluation protocols.
Extracellular Vesicle-Based Strategies for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Jiramonai Luksika , Liang Xing-Jie , Zhu Mengliang
Published: February 2025

Immunotherapy is one of the most promising approaches for cancer management, as it utilizes the intrinsic immune response to target cancer cells. Normally, the human body uses its immune system as a defense mechanism to detect and eliminate foreign objects, including cancer cells. However, cancers develop a ‘switch off’ mechanism, known as immune checkpoint proteins, to evade immune surveillance and suppress immune activation. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to develop the strategies for stimulating immune responses against cancers. Among these, the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to enhance the anti-tumor immune response has emerged as a particularly promising approach in cancer management. EVs possess several unique properties that elevate the potency in modulating immune responses. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in this field, focusing on the strategic usage of EVs to overcome tumor-induced immune tolerance. We discuss the biogenesis and characteristics of EVs, as well as their potential applications in medical contexts. The immune mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment and the strategies employed by cancers to evade immune detection are explored. The roles of EVs in regulating the tumor microenvironment and enhancing immune responses for immunotherapy are also highlighted. Additionally, this article addresses the challenges and future directions for the development of EV-based nanomedicine approaches, aiming to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes with greater precision and efficacy while minimizing off-target effects.
Understanding the Toxicity Profile of Approved ADCs
Authors: Ballestín Pablo , López de Sá Alfonso , Díaz-Tejeiro Cristina , Paniagua-Herranz Lucía , Sanvicente Adrián , López-Cade Igor , Pérez-Segura Pedro , Alonso-Moreno Carlos , Nieto-Jiménez Cristina , Ocaña Alberto
Published: February 2025

Background: Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel therapeutic class that combines an antibody against a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), a payload, and a linker that binds these two components. Serious adverse events (SAEs), particularly those of grade 3 (G3) or higher, frequently contribute to the abandonment of ADCs during clinical development. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the toxicity profiles of all approved ADCs, aiming to uncover correlations between their safety profiles and the specific characteristics of their components. Results: In our analysis, dose reductions, dose delays, treatment discontinuations, and ≥G3 toxicities were not significantly different across payload types. Similarly, no association was found between the payload mechanism of action and ≥G3 toxicities, including anemia, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. By exploring the specific toxicities of ADCs observed by organ, we identified that most were related to the payload mechanism of action, like the ≥G3 diarrhea observed in 10% of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan (the payload SN-38 is the active metabolite of irinotecan), and very few were related to the presence of the TAA in normal tissue (presence of Nectin-4 in skin and ≥G3 rash toxicity in 14% of patients treated with enfortumab vedotin). In line with this, no major differences in ≥G3 toxicities were identified in studies with different levels of the TAA (trastuzumab deruxtecan in Destiny Breast Studies with different HER2 expression levels). Conclusions: Our analysis reveals that most ADC toxicities are driven by the payload’s effects on non-transformed tissues; however, a detailed analysis of each ADC component should be taken into consideration.
Development of Chronic Kidney Disease Screening Integrative Care Model Led by Community Pharmacists
Authors: Srimongkhol Piangkwan , Anutrakulchai Sirirat , Theeranut Amponpun , Methakanjanasak Nonglak , Lertsinudom Sunee
Published: February 2025

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising, increasing demand for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Community pharmacies, as accessible healthcare hubs, can play a pivotal role in CKD prevention. This study aimed to develop care models for community pharmacies to optimize medication use, encourage behavior modification, and promote self-management among at-risk individuals. Methods: Conducted between June 2017 and July 2018, this study utilized an action research approach. Microalbuminuria was assessed using urine dipsticks, and pharmacists applied behavioral change and self-management support (SMS) strategies to slow CKD progression. Participants were categorized by albuminuria levels and enrolled in pharmacist-led care programs, with follow-up assessments at weeks 0 and 12. Results: Of 521 participants screened, 57% tested positive for albuminuria. For these individuals, serum creatinine testing and referrals to primary care were initiated. Self-management behavior assessment (S1) scores significantly improved (p = 0.024). Key factors associated with urine albumin levels included age < 60 years (OR = 0.44), diabetes (OR = 3.69), hypertension (OR = 2.01), BMI < 27.5 kg/m2 (OR = 0.42), eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR = 3.34), lower systolic (OR = 0.55) and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 0.34), and fasting plasma glucose < 126 mg/dL (OR = 0.29). Conclusions: Community pharmacist-led albuminuria screening effectively supports CKD prevention and enhances self-awareness within communities.
Oxalis pes-caprae L. (Oxalidaceae): From Invasive Concern to Promising Bioresource for Health and Sustainable Applications
Authors: Malfa Giuseppe Antonio , Bianchi Simone , Spadaro Vivienne , Di Giacomo Claudia , Raimondo Francesco Maria , Acquaviva Rosaria
Published: February 2025

Oxalis pes-caprae L., an invasive plant from South Africa, has developed into a severe ecological threat in many Mediterranean and temperate areas by replacing native flora and modifying ecosystems. Although this species has detrimental effects on the ecosystem, it has unrealized potential as a significant bioresource. Current research on the secondary metabolites found in O. pes-caprae, such as phenolic acids, oxalates, and flavonoids, is summarized in this review, along with an analysis of their biological and pharmacological properties, which include antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities. O. pes-caprae could be converted from a troublesome intruder into a financially and ecologically advantageous bioresource of natural products for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural applications by rethinking the invasive species as a resource for phytochemical extraction. This would offer a novel approach to managing invasive species while promoting the advancement of green technologies and sustainable practices.
Recent Advancements and Trends in Postharvest Application of Edible Coatings on Bananas: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Shinga Mawande H. , Silue Yardjouma , Fawole Olaniyi A.
Published: February 2025

Bananas (Musa spp.) are among the most widely consumed fruits globally, yet their high perishability and short shelf-life pose significant challenges to the postharvest industry. To address this, edible coatings have been extensively studied for their ability to preserve the physical, microbiological, and sensory qualities of bananas. Among various types of edible coatings, polysaccharide-based coatings, particularly chitosan, have emerged as the most effective. The dipping method is predominantly employed for their application, surpassing spraying and brushing techniques. This review integrates insights from bibliometric analysis using Scopus, revealing that research on edible coatings for bananas began in 2009, with 45 journals contributing to the field. Key trends, including publication growth, author contributions, and geographical focus, are explored through VOS-viewer analysis. Mechanistically, edible coatings enhance postharvest banana quality by limiting gaseous exchange, reducing water loss, and preventing lipid migration. Performance is further improved by incorporating active ingredients such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and plasticizers. Despite their benefits over synthetic chemicals, the commercial adoption of edible coatings faces limitations, related to scalability and practicality. This review highlights these challenges while proposing future directions for advancing edible coating technologies for banana preservation.
A Simple and Scalable Chopped-Thallus Transformation Method for Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Batth Rituraj , Poormassalehgoo Andisheh , Bhardwaj Kritika , Kaniecka Elżbieta , Goto-Yamada Shino
Published: February 2025

The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has emerged as a valuable model for studying fundamental biological processes and the evolutionary history of land plants. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is widely used for genetic modification of M. polymorpha using spores, thalli, and gemmae. While spores offer high transformation efficiency, they result in diverse genetic backgrounds due to sexual reproduction. Conversely, thallus- and gemma-based methods maintain genetic consistency but are impractical for large-scale applications. To address these limitations, we developed a novel chopped-thallus transformation method. This technique improves transformation efficiency by generating numerous thallus fragments through chopping and optimizing the regeneration duration. The method demonstrated superior transformation efficiency compared to traditional approaches and achieved sufficient numbers of transformants using simplified Gamborg’s B5 medium, previously considered suboptimal. This scalable and straightforward method enables the generation of large numbers of genetically consistent transformants, facilitating high-throughput experiments, including mutant screening and other large-scale applications.
Insights into the Stearoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase (SAD) Family in Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.), an Oil-Bearing Tuber Plant
Authors: Zou Zhi , Fu Xiaowen , Li Chunqiang , Yi Xiaoping , Huang Jiaquan , Zhao Yongguo
Published: February 2025

Plant oils rich in oleic acid (OA) are attracting considerable attention for their high nutritional value and significant industrial potential. Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturases (SADs) are a class of soluble desaturases that play a key role in OA accumulation in plants. In this study, the first genome-wide characterization of the SAD gene family was conducted in tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Baeck., Cyperaceae), an oil-rich tuber plant typical for its high OA content. Six SAD genes identified from the tigernut genome are comparative to seven reported in two model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, but relatively more than four were found in most Cyperaceae species examined in this study. A comparison of 161 SAD genes from 29 representative plant species reveals the monogenic origin and lineage-specific family evolution in Poales. C. esculentus SAD genes (CeSADs) were shown to constitute two evolutionary groups (i.e., FAB2 and AAD) and four out of 12 orthogroups identified in this study, i.e., FAB2a, FAB2b, FAB2c, and AAD1. Whereas FAB2a and AAD1 are widely distributed, FAB2b and FAB2c are specific to Cyperaceae, which may arise from FAB2a via tandem and dispersed duplications, respectively. Though FAB2d and AAD2 are also broadly present in monocots, they are more likely to be lost in the Cyperaceae ancestor sometime after the split with its close family, Juncaceae. In tigernut, FAB2a appears to have undergone species-specific expansion via tandem duplication. Frequent structural variation and apparent expression divergence were also observed. Though FAB2a and AAD1 usually feature two and one intron, respectively, gain of certain introns was observed in CeSAD genes, all of which have three introns. Despite recent expansion of the FAB2 group, CeFAB2-1 has evolved into the dominant member that was highly and constitutively expressed in all tested organs. Moreover, CeFAB2-1, CeAAD1, as well as CeFAB2-5 have evolved to be predominantly expressed in tubers and thus contribute to high OA accumulation. These findings highlight lineage-specific evolution of the SAD family and putative roles of CeSAD genes in tuber oil accumulation, which facilitate further functional analysis and genetic improvement in tigernut and other species.
Compression Response of Silicone-Based Composites with Integrated Multifunctional Fillers
Authors: Bak Ingyu , Kim Jihyeon , Ruba Andrew Jacob , Ross David John , Lee Kwan-Soo
Published: February 2025

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is known for its exceptional mechanical properties, chemical stability, and flexibility. Recent advancements have focused on developing functional PDMS composites by integrating various functional fillers, including polymers, ceramics, and metals, for advanced applications such as electronics, medical devices, and aerospace. Consequently, there is a growing need to investigate PDMS composites to achieve higher filler loadings offering enhanced mechanical performance. This study addresses this need by utilizing the high molecular weight (MW) PDMS resin we have developed, offering its high elongation capacity of up to >6500%. We incorporated boron (B), hollow glass microballoons (HGMs), and tungsten-coated hollow glass microballoons (WHGMs) into the developed high MW PDMS. The resulting composites demonstrated excellent elastic properties and significant compression resilience (35–80%) and elastic modulus (1.28–10.15 MPa) at high filler loadings (~60 vol.%). Specifically, B/PDMS composites achieved up to 67.6 vol.% of B, HGM/PDMS composites held up to 68.6 vol.% of HGM, and WHGM/PDMS composites incorporated up to 54.0 vol.% of WHGM. These findings highlight the potential of high MW PDMS for developing high-performance PDMS composites suitable for advanced applications such as aerospace, automotive, and medical devices.
The Effect of Optimizing the Stripping and Drying Parameters During Industrial Extraction on the Physicochemical Properties of Soybean Oil
Authors: Mohammadi-Moghaddam Toktam , Bakhshabadi Hamid , Bojmehrani Abolfazl , Valdes Marcos Eduardo , Morshedi Afsaneh
Published: February 2025

Soybean oil is the second most consumed vegetable oil worldwide and is recognized as a source of heart-healthy polyunsaturated fatty acids. Optimizing the extraction process in the oil industry is essential for both economic and environmental sustainability. This research aimed to determine the optimal conditions for various extraction parameters—stripper temperature (110–140 °C), stripper pressure (150–210 mbar), and dryer pressure (60–120 mbar)—and their effects on the physicochemical properties of soybean oil. These properties include oil-insoluble fine substances, acidity, the color index, peroxide value, oxidative stability, and moisture content. The results indicated that the stripper temperature significantly influenced oil-insoluble fine substances, acidity, the color index, and peroxide value (p < 0.05). The optimal conditions for oil extraction were found to be a stripper temperature of 110 °C, a stripper pressure of 150 mbar, and a dryer pressure of 120 mbar. Under these conditions, the oil-insoluble fine substances, acidity, the color index, peroxide value, oxidative stability, and moisture content of soybean oil were in the ranges of 0.2–0.58%, 0.63–1.15%, 4.3–5.5, 0.67–1.23 meqO2/kg, 3–5.5, and 0.05–0.11%, respectively. These findings provide valuable insight for optimizing soybean oil extraction processes to enhance quality and efficiency. Future advancements in industrial oil extraction are expected to focus on integrating efficient, eco-friendly technologies and enhancing precision through automation and data analytics to optimize yield and minimize waste.
Development and Characterization of Pectin and Beeswax-Based Coatings Enhanced with Anthocyanins and Its Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties
Authors: Vergel-Alfonso Ariel Alain , Arias-Avelenda Rocío , Casariego-Año Alicia , Giménez María José , Ruíz-Cruz Saúl , López-Corona Betzabe Ebenhezer , Del-Toro-Sánchez Carmen Lizette , Gonzalez-Bravo Ana Liz , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel , Menchaca-Armenta Mariela , Canizales-Rodríguez Dalila Fernanda , Ramos-Enríquez José Rogelio , Tapia-Hernández José Agustín , Rodríguez-Félix Francisco
Published: February 2025

Currently, approximately one third of food is wasted; to counteract this, several novel packaging technologies have been developed to extend its shelf life, among which active packaging stands out. In this research, filmogenic solutions of pectin and beeswax with the addition of bioactive compounds as anthocyanins were developed and characterized to evaluate their potential application as active coatings. The antioxidant and antifungal activity of anthocyanins and coatings were determined, and the rheological properties, pH, color, SEM and FT-IR of the coatings were evaluated. The antioxidant activity of the anthocyanins had IC50 values of 79.52 and 56.14 μg/mL for DPPH• and ABTS•+, respectively, and 0.25% (w/v) for the antifungal activity against Colletotrichum siamense, which was inhibited by 32.16% and had morphological affectations in the fungus. The best formulation for coating was obtained with 3% (w/v) pectin, 1% (w/v) wax, and 1% (w/v) Tween 80, and 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% anthocyanins were added. The rheological properties showed adequate viscosity values (0.08–0.12 Pa·s), and the pH values were acidic (3.05–3.78) and showed reddish tones. FT-IR analysis showed that the interactions between the components included the C=O stretching band being shifted due to intermolecular interactions and SEM micrographs showed that the film coatings presented continuous areas of pectin with embedded wax crystals. Promising results were obtained for antioxidant and antifungal activity for the coatings. The formulations presented suitable characteristics for their use as active coating in food.
Habitus Formation Through Contemporary Worship Music in Two Church Cases: Implications for Intergenerational Worship
Authors: Benjamins Laura
Published: February 2025

This article draws upon doctoral case study data from two Protestant Christian churches to examine how contemporary worship music-making practices can reinforce and solidify the musical tastes, dispositions, and tendencies of particular demographics. Drawing upon sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the habitus, this article examines the religious musical habitus of musicians in relation to contemporary music repertoire. For some churches, contemporary worship music-making practices may “disrupt” the habitus of a particular subset of a demographic due to their musical preferences and positioning, while contemporary repertoire may affirm the habitus of other, often “young” worshippers due to their musical preferences. Further, the research analyzes each church’s positioning within the overarching musical and theological fields in place. Case study data affirm the notion that Contemporary Worship Music is generationally based in the way it engages with the habitus, which provides implications for worship leaders and those making musical decisions within Christian church contexts.
An Enhanced Framework for Assessing Pluvial Flooding Risk with Integrated Dynamic Population Vulnerability at Urban Scale
Authors: Shu Xinyi , Ye Chenlei , Xu Zongxue , Liao Ruting , Song Pengyue , Zhang Silong
Published: February 2025

Under the combined influence of climate change, accelerated urbanization, and inadequate urban flood defense standards, urban pluvial flooding has become an increasingly severe issue. This not only poses significant challenges to social stability and economic development but also makes accurate flood risk assessment crucial for improving urban flood control and drainage capabilities. This study uses Jinan, a typical foothill plain city in Shandong Province, as a case study to compare the performance of differential evolution (DE), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in calibrating the SWMM. By constructing a hydrological–hydrodynamic coupled model using the SWMM and LISFLOOD-FP, this study evaluates the drainage capacity of the pipe network and surface inundation characteristics under both historical and design rainfall scenarios. An agent-based model (ABM) is developed to analyze the dynamic risks and vulnerabilities of population and building agents under different rainfall scenarios, capturing macroscopic emergent patterns from individual behavior rules and analyzing them in both time and space dimensions. Additionally, using multi-source remote sensing data, dynamic population vulnerability, and flood hazard processes, a quantitative dynamic flood risk analysis is conducted based on cloud models. The results demonstrated the following: (1) PSO performed best in calibrating the SWMM in the study area, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values ranging from 0.93 to 0.69. (2) Drainage system capacity was low, with over 90% of the network exceeding capacity in scenarios with return periods of 1 to 100 years. (3) The vulnerability of people and buildings increased with higher flood intensity and duration. Most affected individuals were located on roads. In Event 6, 11.41% of buildings were at risk after 1440 min; in the 20-year flood event, 26.69% of buildings were at risk after 180 min. (4) Key features influencing vulnerability included the DEM, PND, NDVI, and slope. High-risk areas in the study area expanded from 36.54% at 30 min to 38.05% at 180 min.
Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors for Diagnosing Ozone Formation Sensitivity
Authors: Qian Yuanyuan , Wang Dan , Li Zhiyan , Yan Ge , Zhao Minjie , Zhou Haijin , Si Fuqi , Luo Yuhan
Published: February 2025

Diagnosing ozone (O3) formation sensitivity using tropospheric observations of O3 and its precursors is important for formulating O3 pollution control strategies. Photochemical reactions producing O3 occur at the earth’s surface and in the elevated layers, indicating the importance of diagnosing O3 formation sensitivity at different layers. Synchronous measurements of tropospheric O3 and its precursors nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) were performed in urban Hefei to diagnose O3 formation sensitivity at different atmospheric layers using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy observations. The retrieved surface NO2 and O3 were validated with in situ measurements (correlation coefficients (R) = 0.81 and 0.80), and the retrieved NO2 and HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) were consistent with TROPOMI results (R = 0.81 and 0.77). The regime transitions of O3 formation sensitivity at different layers were derived using HCHO/NO2 ratios and O3 profiles, with contributions of VOC-limited, VOC-NOx-limited, and NOx-limited regimes of 74.19%, 7.33%, and 18.48%, respectively. In addition, the surface O3 formation sensitivity between HCHO/NO2 ratios and O3 (or increased O3, ΔO3) had similar regime transitions of 2.21–2.46 and 2.39–2.71, respectively. Moreover, the O3 formation sensitivity of the lower planetary boundary layer on polluted and non-polluted days was analyzed. On non-polluted days, the contributions of the VOC-limited regime were predominant in the lower planetary boundary layer, whereas those of the NOx-limited regime were predominant in the elevated layers during polluted days. These results will help us understand the evolution of O3 formation sensitivity and formulate O3 mitigation strategies in the Yangtze River Delta region.
Analysis of Functional Compounds in Matcha by Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Hori Kengo , Kurauchi Yuki , Kotani Shunsuke , Devkota Hari Prasad
Published: February 2025

Matcha is reported to have high content of some bioactive components such as catechins, theanine, and caffeine, and its consumption is increasing worldwide. Several analytical methods have been established for matcha powder and bioactive compounds, but most of them are based on HPLC methods. This study focused on NMR as an analytical method for simple quantitative analysis of the functional components of matcha. The analytical conditions were established by preparing extract and solvent fractions, evaluating hygroscopicity, and examining quantitative NMR parameters. The analytical performance was evaluated, and the developed analytical condition was also applied to matcha powder by directly mixing in NMR solvent without pre-extraction. Caffeine, epicatechin, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin-3-O-gallate, and gallocatechin were quantified. Analysis of matcha and normal green tea powder suggested the possibility of distinguishing between matcha and green tea powder by the ratio of caffeine content and total catechins content. The qNMR method can be adopted for the simple analysis of the amount of caffeine and catechin compounds in the powders and extracts.
B2B: Kidney Cancer Summary
Authors: Tanguay Simon , Tran Maxine , Murthy Vedang , Warburton Hazel , Gautam Gagan , Mumtaz Faiz , Gupta Shilpa , Black Peter C.
Published: February 2025

The 6th Bench-to-Bedside Uro-Oncology: GU Cancers Triad Meeting, organized in conjunction with the 44th Annual Congress of the Société Internationale d’Urologie, was held on 25 October 2024, in New Delhi, India, and transmitted live on the SIU@U Congress platform [...]
From Problems to Possibilities: Overcoming Commercialization Challenges to Scale Timber Bamboo in Buildings
Authors: Chilton Kate , Kadivar Marzieh , Hinkle Hal
Published: February 2025

The substitution of fast-growing biogenic materials for high-carbon footprint extractive materials is increasingly discussed as a climate change mitigation tool. This review is based on a comprehensive literature search conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for publications, focusing on keywords such as “bamboo” and “sustainable construction”. Through this literature and bibliometric analysis, we identify the relative interest in timber bamboo as a sustainable building material and review the carbon-capturing and structural properties that underly bamboo’s growing research interest. However, this has yet to translate into any material degree of adoption in mainstream construction. Given the near absence of subsidies, regulatory mandates, and “green premiums”, timber bamboo must become fully cost-competitive with existing materials to achieve adoption and provide its carbon-mitigation promise. In addition to academic sources, the review draws on the professional expertise of the authors, who have extensive experience in the bamboo industry. Using this expertise, the main problems preventing timber bamboo’s cost competitiveness are analyzed with possible solutions proposed. The combination of rigorous research and industry insights ensures practical applicability. Finally, the beneficial climate prospects of adopting timber bamboo buildings in substitution for 25% of new cement buildings is projected at over 10 billion tons of reduced carbon emissions from 2035 to 2050 and nearly 45 billion tons of reduced carbon emissions from 2035 to 2100.
ESG Disclosure and Financial Performance: Survey Evidence from Accounting and Islamic Finance
Authors: Shalhoob Hebah
Published: February 2025

This study examines the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures and perceived financial performance within the context of Islamic finance, with a focus on Maqasid al-Shariah—the overarching goals of Islamic law. Using a quantitative approach, the study surveyed 350 stakeholders in Saudi Arabia’s Islamic finance sector, including corporate managers, investment professionals, and financial analysts, over a six-month period (May to October 2024). The findings indicate that stakeholders perceive a positive relationship between ESG disclosures and financial performance, particularly when companies align their ESG practices with Islamic finance principles. However, the study does not measure actual financial performance; rather, it assesses stakeholders’ perceptions of ESG’s influence on corporate governance, risk management, and investment attractiveness. Results suggest that companies integrating ESG principles with Maqasid al-Shariah foster greater stakeholder trust, enhance corporate responsibility, and promote long-term sustainability. However, variations in trust and investment decisions exist based on industry type, ESG disclosure levels, and demographic factors such as experience and familiarity with ESG practices. The study provides novel insights into how Islamic finance principles shape ESG disclosure practices, offering practical recommendations for improving corporate governance and sustainability. By emphasizing transparency, ethical investment, and regulatory alignment, these findings contribute to ongoing discussions on sustainable finance and the role of ESG in shaping Islamic financial institutions.
Enhancing Energy Consumption in Automotive Component Manufacturing: A Hybrid Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average–Long Short-Term Memory Prediction Model
Authors: Modise Ragosebo Kgaugelo , Mpofu Khumbulani , Nenzhelele Tshifhiwa , Adenuga Olukorede Tijani
Published: February 2025

The automotive industry faces continuing challenges with regard to advancing sustainability and reducing energy consumption and vehicle emissions. South Africa accounts for half of the total CO2 emissions in Africa and is the world’s 12th-largest CO2 emitter. In this study, we aimed to develop a model combining autoregressive integrated moving averages (ARIMAs) with long short-term memory (LSTM) to determine the best fit for prediction using the lowest root mean square error configuration and enhance energy consumption in automotive component manufacturing. The ARIMA model dissects time-series data into the components of level, trend, and seasonality, while the automatic ARIMA function refines the model parameters. Simultaneously, utilizing historical data, the LSTM model uses specific algorithms to predict future electricity generation and carbon emissions for the automotive component’s manufacturing sector. According to our results, the predicted variables’ interdependence revealed an enhancement in energy intensity for vehicle body part products equal to 29%, a cumulative energy savings of 7.22%, and an increase in energy efficiency equal to 16.25%. Our model’s predictive fitness holds significant potential for allowing automotive component manufacturers to make informed economic and technical decisions toward the development of low-carbon products. Critically, improved energy efficiency in automotive component manufacturing activities is critical for lowering energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable transportation, and production costs.
The Impact of Bacteria on Nitrous Oxide Emission from Wastewater Treatment Plants: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Sugira Murekezi Juvens , Chen Wei , Zhao Biyi , Manzi Habasi Patrick , Nizeyimana Jean Claude , Habimana Simbi Claudien , Getu Asmamaw Abat , Hazzan Oluwadamilola Oluwatoyin , Xiao Yong
Published: February 2025

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas and contributor to ozone depletion, with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving as significant sources of emissions due to biological processes involving bacteria. This study evaluates research on the role of bacteria in N2O emissions from WWTPs between 2000 and 2023 based on an analysis of the Web of Science Core Collection Database using keywords “bacteria”, “nitrous oxide”, “emission”, and “wastewater treatment plant”. The findings reveal substantial research growth in the past decade, with leading publications appearing in Water Research, Bioresource Technology, and Environmental Science & Technology. China, the United States, and Australia have been the most active contributors to this field. Key topics include denitrification, wastewater treatment, and N2O emissions. The microbial community composition significantly influences N2O emissions in WWTPs, with bacterial consortia playing a pivotal role. However, further research is needed to explore strain-specific genes, enzyme expressions, and the differentiation of processes contributing to N2O production and emission. System design and operation must also consider dissolved oxygen and nitrite concentration factors. Advances in genomics and artificial intelligence are expected to enhance strategies for reducing N2O emissions in WWTPs.
The Alternative Food Geography in Europe: An Elaboration Through the Socio-Metabolic Approach
Authors: Karakaya Ayalp Emel , Öztürk Sevim Pelin , Geçer Sargın Feral
Published: February 2025

This study applies the socio-metabolic approach and relatedly the concept of planetary urbanization understanding to detect the identity of the “alternative zones” embedded in the food supply chain of cities (FSC). To achieve shortened and sustainable FSCs for cities, strong alternative food networks (AFNs) should be developed and sustained. The precious element of a strong AFN is its urban areas, which serve as niche alternative food initiatives (AFIs) for sustainability transitions in food supply chains (FSCs). To achieve shorter and more sustainable FSCs in cities, it is crucial to develop and sustain empowered alternative food networks (AFNs) by deploying their AFIs. Within this context, this study examines AFIs in 12 European FUSILLI cities to understand the potential of the intrinsic AFN to accelerate the sustainable transition in FSCs. Considering the results of AFNs in accelerating sustainability transitions in FSCs. Results through spatial analyses of food ecosystems of FUSILLI cities, although there are prominent examples with a strong short and alternative food network, it is obvious that the sustainable transition into an alternative food network has proceeded; however, the analysis of AFNs in FUSILLI cities demonstrates that sustainability transitions have advanced through vigorous AFNs. However, extended urban areas still have room to supersede their place in conventional/industrial agricultural production, which remains embedded in these spaces. The same inference applies to urban—rural linkages, which need to be strengthened to support the relocation of the food system in the development of AFNs in urban areas and to create more sustainable and shortened FSCs. Also, it is obvious that cities with greater extended AFNs, for example, Rome, due to its great number of AFIs and geographical extent of AFN covering concentrated urban areas and to strengthen the rural–urban linkage for shortened food supply chains, as well as extended urban areas, and Oslo, due to its great variety of AFIs embedded in concentrated urban areas with alternative food production areas in its (erstwhile rural areas) extended urban areas.
Use of Domestic Polymeric Waste for Surfactant Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Reis Thaiara Ramires dos , Tolari Donizeti Leonardo Mancini , da Silva Ana Claudia Pedrozo , Bonafé Elton Guntendorfer , Samulewski Rafael Block , Tessaro André Luiz
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the environmental challenge of surfactant removal from wastewater, focusing on the increased surfactant use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Polymeric waste, specifically polyurethane (PU) and polyamide (PA), was repurposed for surfactant adsorption to mitigate these environmental impacts. Methods included preparing surfactant solutions of sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and dodecyl pyridinium chloride (DPC) and the mechanical processing of polymeric residues. PU and PA were characterized by FTIR-ATR and by the pH at the point of zero charge, which yielded pH = 8.0 for both polymers. The adsorption efficiency was optimized using a central composite face-centered design, varying pH, temperature, and time. The results indicated that PU and PA effectively adsorbed anionic and cationic surfactants, with specific conditions enhancing performance. From the optimized experimental conditions, four assays were carried out to evaluate the adsorption isotherms and kinetics. Among the fitted models, the SIPS model was the most representative, indicating a heterogeneous surface. Regarding LAS, the maximum adsorption capacity values were ~90 and 15 mg g−1, respectively, for PU and PA. Considering the DPC surfactant, lower values were obtained (~36 mg g−1 for PU and 16 mg g−1 for PA). The results are satisfactory because the adsorbents used in this study were second-generation waste and were used without treatment or complex modifications. The study concluded that using polymeric waste for surfactant removal offers a sustainable solution, transforming waste management while addressing environmental contamination. This approach provides a method for reducing surfactant levels in wastewater and adds value to otherwise discarded materials, promoting a circular economy and sustainable waste reuse.
Negative Bronchoscopy or Computed Tomography Radiation in Children with Suspected Foreign Body Aspiration? Pros and Cons
Authors: Çelikkaya Mehmet Emin , Atıcı Ahmet , Korkmaz İnan , Karadağ Mehmet , El Çiğdem , Akçora Bülent
Published: February 2025

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse patients who underwent bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration (FBA) and to evaluate the properties of computed tomography (CT) in preventing unnecessary bronchoscopy, which carries the risk of serious complications. Methods: All patients younger than 18 years of age who were evaluated for FBA at a tertiary children’s hospital between June 2014 and February 2023. Results: A total of 165 children were included in this study. In Group I (only bronchoscopy), the detection rate of FBA was 77.9%, whereas in Group II (CT ± bronchoscopy), the detection rate of FBA was 93%. Additionally, the negative diagnosis rate in Group II (7%) was significantly higher compared to Group I (22.1%). Conclusions: Low-dose chest CT is a highly effective and reliable imaging method for the diagnosis of FBA due to its rapid performance, minimal radiation exposure, and high sensitivity and specificity; therefore, it can prevent unnecessary bronchoscopies in suspicious cases and increase the positive bronchoscopy rate.
Community-Based Tourism: A Catalyst for Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals One and Eight
Authors: Jackson Leonard A.
Published: February 2025

Community-based tourism (CBT) is an innovative and participatory approach that places local communities at the center of tourism development. This model aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Through a synthesis of global case studies from regions such as Nepal, Kenya, Costa Rica, South Korea, and Zimbabwe, this paper examines the transformative potential of CBT in fostering inclusive economic growth, empowering marginalized communities, and promoting cultural and environmental sustainability. Content and comparative analyses reveal how CBT generates sustainable livelihoods, preserves cultural heritage, and addresses governance and dependency challenges. The study highlights interlinkages between SDGs 1 and 8 and provides actionable strategies for stakeholders, including policymakers, residents, tourists, and academics. Recommendations for addressing implementation barriers and future research directions underscore the need for innovative solutions, technological integration, and long-term community resilience planning. This paper affirms CBT’s role as a global model for sustainable tourism and equitable development.
Toxicity Evaluation of Sulfobetainized Branched Polyethyleneimine via Antibacterial and Biocompatibility Assays
Authors: Sahiner Mehtap , Suner Selin S. , Demirci Sahin , Ayyala Ramesh S. , Sahiner Nurettin
Published: February 2025

Branched polyethyleneimine (PEI), possessing different types of amines—e.g., primary, secondary, and tertiary—in the polymer chains are well known for their antibacterial properties and DNA condensing ability, affording substantial advantages in many biomedical uses, including gene therapy. However, because of PEI’s toxicity, depending on the molecular weight, its widespread biomedical use is hindered. Therefore, in this study, PEIs with different molecular weights—i.e., 600, 1200, and 1800 g/mol—were modified with 1,3-propane sultone, undergoing a sulfobetainization reaction in a single step to attain a zwitterionic structure: sulfobetainized PEI (b-PEI). The sulfobetainization reaction was carried out twice to increase the zwitterionic repeating unit on PEI chains. The increasing number of SO3− groups on the PEI chains was confirmed by the increased peak intensities around 1160 and 1035 cm−1 on the FT-IR spectrum, which are assigned to symmetric and asymmetric S=O peaks. The elemental analysis results for first- and second- betainization PEIs, abbreviated as b1-PEI and b2-PEI, respectively, were revealedthe increased wt% of S confirming the successful multiple-sulfobetainization of the PEI chains. Thermal stability analyses of PEIs and their corresponding multiple-sulfobetainized forms showed that multiple-sulfobetainization reactions increased the thermal stability of bare PEI chains. PEIs with lower molecular weights exhibited more antimicrobial properties. As PEI is sulfobetainated, its antimicrobial properties can be further adjusted via sulfobetainization (once or twice), or by adjusting the corresponding solution pH, or by protonating them with different acids with different counter anions. The cell toxicity of PEI on L929 fibroblast cells was slightly increased by increasing the molecular weight of the PEI, but all forms of sulfobetainized PEIs were found to be safe (no toxicity), even at 1000 µg/mL concentrations.
The 24th Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Virology Association
Authors: Dirks Kaitlyn R. , Pinto Samantha M. , Pham Kylee N. , Byrne-Haber Talia J. , Thompson Ryan W. , Ratnayake Oshani C. , Rovnak Joel , Perera Rushika
Published: February 2025

Located in the Rocky Mountains within the Arapahoe and Roosevelt National Forests, Colorado State University’s Mountain Campus in Pingree Park hosted the 24th Annual Rocky Mountain Virology Association’s meeting in 2024. A total of 165 participants, both regional and international, participated in the 3-day event, which consisted of 48 talks and 42 posters. These presentations discussed developments in prion research, current affairs, and novel tools in virology; investigated arboviruses and their vectors, as well as molecular foundations of viral interactions; and provided increased understanding of viral immunology and vaccines. This year’s Randall Jay Cohrs keynote presentation unveiled how viral infections disrupt intestinal homeostasis via Sting-dependent NK-kB signaling. This novel research demonstrated the importance of immunological pathways in the virus-induced disruption of homeostasis. Nested in the valley of the Rocky Mountains, participants could enjoy the fall colors and partake in hiking and fishing all while discussing science and networking amongst a variety of scientists. This report encapsulates selected presentations from the 24th Annual Rocky Mountain Virology Association meeting.
Safety and Efficacy of Influenza Vaccination in Kidney Graft Recipients in Late Period After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Zawiasa-Bryszewska Anna , Nowicka Maja , Górska Monika , Edyko Piotr , Edyko Krzysztof , Tworek Damian , Antczak Adam , Burzyński Jacek , Kurnatowska Ilona
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Influenza is a viral infection affecting up to 20% of the general population annually. Solid organ transplant recipients have a higher morbidity and mortality risk, as well as a greater likelihood of severe disease complications. Vaccination against the influenza virus is a safe and recommended prophylaxis; however, immunosuppression and high comorbidity burdens impair the immune response. We assessed the efficacy, safety, and humoral response to influenza vaccine in a population of kidney transplant recipients (KTx). Methods: Adult KTx recipients at least 6 months post-KTx were divided into vaccinated (vKTx) and non-vaccinated (nvKTx) groups based on consent for vaccination. The vKTx group received one dose of quadrivalent split virion inactivated vaccine (Vaxigrip Tetra Sanofi Pasteur). Subjective symptoms and side effects were recorded in paper journals. Antibody levels were assessed with ELISA prior to and 3 months following vaccination. Serum creatinine and proteinuria were assessed prior to vaccination as well as 3 and 6 months after. Results: Of 450 recruited KTx recipients, 91 in the vKTx group and 36 in the nvKTx group of comparable age, KTx vintage, and graft function were included in the study. Graft function and proteinuria remained stable in both groups. The vKTx group experienced no severe adverse events. The most common complaints were general malaise (20.5%) and injection site pain (10.3%). Overall infection rates were comparable, yet the vKTx group experienced significantly fewer serious infections (11.4% vs. 32.3%, p = 0.01); the vKTx group showed a greater increase of Influenza A IgM (p = 0.05) and Influenza B IgG (p = 0.01) compared with the nvKTx group. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination prevents severe infections in KTx recipients, with good serological response and no impact on graft function or severe adverse events.
Design and Application of an Integrated Landscape Water Purification Device: Long-Term Performance in Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Kou Shuangshuang , Yang Jiao , Li Yuxuan , Li Shuo , Shen Yu , Gao Jingqing
Published: February 2025

The pollution of urban landscape water bodies presents significant challenges. This study developed mass-produced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal fillers for the integrated landscape water purification (ILWP) device, comprising an inlet, aeration, and N and P removal unit. The fillers were used to purify actual landscape water bodies. Indoor test results demonstrated that the substrates exhibited high and stable removal efficiencies for NO3−-N (>60.5%), TN (>60.1%), and TP (>66.5%) under varying hydraulic retention times (HRT) (1~4 h), pH (5~9) and pollutant concentrations. After one year of operation in Meihu Lake, the ILWP device achieved NO3−-N removal rates of 55.5–68.1% (average 61.3%), TN removal rates of 55.2–67.8% (average 60.9%) for, and TP removal rates of 37.7–66.3% (average 53.0%). Notably, N removal was higher in spring and summer, while P removal was more efficient in autumn and winter. The ILWP device successfully improved the N and P levels of the effluent of the landscape lake from below Class V to Class IV or Class III surface water standards. Additionally, the effluent showed reduced chlorophyll a content and significantly improved transparency. Microbial tests revealed that the fillers promoted the growth of key microorganisms like Pseudomonas and Acetoanaerium, supporting the long-term removal of pollutants.