bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitivity Analysis of W. H. Auden’s Poem “In Memory of W. B. Yeast”
Authors: Farooq Hamna , Akhter Nasreen , Khan Ummi Farwa , Tariq Somia
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the transitivity analysis of W. H. Auden’s poem “In Memory of W. B. Yeats” to describe the process types, participants' functions, and the circumstantial elements that characterize the text of the poem. The study also aims to explain the meaning of the text as to how it is created using experiential metafunction. This is the qualitative descriptive and quantitative study of the text; the clause is taken as the unit of analysis; the quantitative part of the study provides the frequency and percentage of the occurrences of process types, participants, and the circumstantial elements. The transitivity analysis is based on Halliday’s model of transitivity analysis presented by Thompson (2014). The findings are presented in the form of tables. The study found that process types that characterize text are material (52.6 %), relational (31.57 %), mental (8.77 %), verbal (5.26 %) while the behavioral one is (1.75 %). The dominant occurrence of the material and relational process shows that the writer has described the action and the relation of people after the death of Yeast as his death has changed nothing, the life goes on. The participants that characterize the text of the poem include actor (29.16 %), goal (13.88 %), carrier (18.05 %), attribute (13.88 %) as the dominant participants other are few. The circumstantial elements in the text are location (37.5 %), manner (32.14 %), contingence (21.42 %), extent, cause, accompaniment, and role, the dominant occurrence of location, manner, and contingence show the loss of poet has not changed the situation or the circumstances and show how the writer is describing the situation.
Analyzing the Generic Structure Potential of Admission Notifications of Universities of Pakistan
Authors: Farooq Hamna , Waseem Muhammad , Hassan Zohaib , Farooq Raima
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the generic structural potential of admission notifications of four Pakistani universities: University of Central Punjab, University of Gujrat, University of Sargodha, and University of Education Lahore. Total forty admission notifications are selected for the genre analysis in light of systemic functional linguistics. Halliday and Hasan (1989 concept of “Generic Structural Potential (GSP)” for genre analysis, served as the theoretical framework for this study.  This study highlights that the admission notifications analyzed has six obligatory elements: Logo, University Name, Announcement, Respective Department, Programs Offered, and Call info and five Optional elements: Admission Schedule, Instructions, Information desk, Why Choose Us? and Scholarship and Discounts. The study posits that the GSP of advertisements of admission notifications of universities in Pakistan could be cataloged as [L^UN^]A^RD^PO^[(AS)^(I).(ID).(WCU).(S)]^CI
The Mediating Role of Employee Voice between Despotic Leadership, Psychological Empowerment and Employee Performance
Authors: Sanm Javiria , Khan Imran
Published: September 2024

This research effort aims to address the indispensable factor of employee voice, which impacts employee behavior and causes negative emotions. Despotic leadership is a crucial constituent of the workplace and impedes performance-related outcomes. Psychological empowerment facilitates positive behavioral outcomes, including employee voice and performance. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by explaining the role of employee voice in despotic leadership, psychological empowerment and employee performance. The banking sector of Pakistan is one of the remarkable sectors that provides employment and financial services, but it faces various controversial employee issues including leadership, psychological, and behavioral issues that impede performance. This research paper contributes to bridging the research gap in explaining how employee performance is influenced by despotic leadership and psychological empowerment with the mediation role of employee voice. Despotic leadership is an essential element in determining the working environment; psychological empowerment is important for employees’ behavior that predicts employee performance. Most importantly, employee voice has central importance in at the workplace that predicts and impacts employee performance. employee voice creates the working environment that the firm desires. The mediating role of employee voice tends to establish the relationship between despotic leadership, psychological empowerment and employee performance. The current paper focuses on front-line employees of bank in Punjab, as data was collected by employing a simple random sampling technique; the sample size was 310 employees from different banks in different cities. The collected data was later analyzed on Smart-PLS 4.0 for relationship assessment. The results depicted that despotic leadership negatively impacts employee voice and employee performance, while psychological empowerment positively influences employee voice and employee performance and is mediated by employee voice. Limitations and future research recommendations are given in the conclusion section.
A Tale of Two Fashion Nations: Comparative Fashion IP Laws in the United States and China
Authors: Lee Jyh-An , Liu Jingwen
Published: September 2024

This Article compares intellectual property (IP) protection for fashion designs in the United States and China. As the two largest fashion markets in the world, these countries both have controversies over the optimal IP protection against knockoffs. This study reveals that similar disputes have occurred in both countries because IP laws are not primarily designed for fastchanging fashion products. Although courts in both countries have handled identical legal issues, such as separability in copyright law, distinctiveness in trademark law, and patentability for designs, their approaches are quite different. While the U.S. doctrines, such as functionality in three-dimensional trademarks and trade dress protection for product packaging, are more developed in precedents, the Chinese doctrines, such as copyrightability in garment designs, are sometimes led by industrial policies. Since the Chinese government has been determined to develop its fashion industry, these two major economies will continue to compete to be not only the largest fashion economy around the globe but also the best legal environment to foster fashion creativity. The broader implication of this Article is that IP issues in the fashion industry have demonstrated how two distinct legal frameworks, characterized by comparable regulations yet varying social and economic standings, address analogous legal challenges.
Resúmenes de la Red de Medio Ambiente, CIMA 2023
Authors: Llamas González Israel , Lara Ariagna , Góngora Gómez Andrés Martín , Terán Cuevas Ángel Refugio , Zúñiga Cabezas Andrés Felipe , Gutiérrez Barba Blanca Estela , Muthukrishnan Balaji , Hernández Camacho Claudia Janetl , Díaz Guevara Diana Cristina , Escobedo Urías Diana Cecilia , Shumilin Evgueni , Covarrubias Villa Francisco , Galván Magaña Felipe , Cala Vitery Favio , Gutiérrez Mosquera Harry , Urango Cárdenas Iván , Sedeño Díaz Jacinto Elías , Sakthi Jeyakumar Selvalakshmi , Marrugo Negrete José Luis , Silva Judith , Bermúdez Torres Kalina , Sathish Kumar Kamaraj , Pantoja Echevarria Laura María , Rosso Pinto Mauricio , Saravanan Panchachalam , Suresh Babu Sujitha , Sánchez González Alberto , Álvarez Bernal Dioselina
Published: September 2024

Este libro se compila en el XV aniversario de la Red de Medioambiente del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, como continuación de una serie de conferencias exitosas en México. En esta ocasión, Veracruz fue seleccionado por ser un lugar estratégico para que participaran investigadores nacionales e internacionales. La compilación de los resúmenes la llevaron a cabo investigadores del IPN con trayectoria reconocida. Esta obra aborda temas como: 1) Nuestro medio ambiente, biodiversidad, recursos y biorremediación. 2) Nuestra sociedad, economía circular y desarrollo sostenible. 3) Nuestro clima, alternativas presentes y proyecciones. 4) Nuestro desarrollo en energía y tecnologías inminentes. 5) Nuestro futuro, medio ambiente global y amenazas para la humanidad. CIMA 2023 resalta que es el único foro que provee una perspectiva integrada y holística sobre investigación, tecnología y manejo de temas ambientales en un contexto transdisciplinario. Los científicos necesitan comprender las diferencias, similitudes e interacciones de distintas variables en un ecosistema sistemático, desde un nivel celular hasta la conexión con el contexto social.
Invisibilidade da Mulher Negra nas Narrativas das Políticas Públicas no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Campus Paulistana
Authors: Sousa Maria Victória Santos , Damasceno Marli Ferreira de Carvalho
Published: September 2024

A história do Brasil frequentemente apresenta uma visão limitada e superficial da participação efetiva dos negros e de sua trajetória histórica no país, abordando principalmente os períodos relacionados à escravidão e ao processo de abolição. Por muitos anos, a rica história de luta e resistência dos negros esteve ausente dos livros escolares e não foi incluída na formação de muitos docentes que ainda atuam em sala de aula. Portanto, o resgate dessa história é essencial para a compreensão completa da história do Brasil e de seu povo. O contexto racial brasileiro se torna ainda mais complexo quando se considera a interseção com gênero. A combinação da condição racial com a de gênero resulta em uma situação extremamente desvantajosa para a mulher negra, criando uma realidade particularmente cruel e desafiadora. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar a invisibilidade das estudantes e servidoras negras no ambiente acadêmico e institucional do IFPI, campus Paulistana. A metodologia adotada foi qualitativa, com uma pesquisa de campo e descritiva. A pesquisa envolveu nove mulheres negras (seis estudantes e três servidoras) e dois homens (um branco e um negro). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas gravadas em smartphones. Os resultados indicam que, apesar da existência de uma lei que exige a inclusão de estudos sobre a história e a cultura afro-brasileira, essa legislação não está sendo aplicada de forma efetiva dentro da instituição. O primeiro passo para combater a invisibilidade das mulheres negras é abordar o racismo estrutural que permeia suas vidas. Observou-se uma falta de letramento racial, tanto entre as servidoras negras quanto nas percepções das alunas negras, indicando uma dificuldade em reconhecer e compreender a estrutura racial que as afeta.
AN UPDATE ON CURRENT STATUS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN SALMONELLA TYPHI: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF BLOOD CULTURE REPORTS FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Khan Mashal , Idrees Muhammad , Rehman Manzoor Ur , Osama Muhammad , Khan Pordil , Khan Hamza Ali
Published: September 2024

Background: Pakistan bears most of the burden of drug-resistant typhoid, challenging its healthcare systems with substantial cost. This study’s purpose is to investigate resistance in community-acquired salmonella typhi to guide its evidence-based empiric treatment.
Methods: This study used retrospective data from the microbiology laboratory, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar (September 2022-March 2023). Data of routine diagnostic samples for typhoid was retrieved from the database. Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to determine the sensitivity of S. Typhi against a panel of 21 selected antibiotic discs (not exclusively for each isolate).
Results: Among 1742 suspected patients, 239 (13.92%) were positive for S. Typhi with 212/238 (89.1%), 227/233 (97.4%), and 196/239 (82.0%) isolates resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. High resistance (88.0% to ciprofloxacin) was detected against fluoroquinolones. Third-generation cephalosporins also showed poor activity with 144/158 (91.1%) and 120/136 (88.2%) resistance towards ceftriaxone and cefixime, respectively, except for cefoperazone/sulbactam (2/123, 1.6%). Among 157 tested isolates, 3 (1.9%), 9 (5.7%), and 123 (78.3%) were labeled as non-resistant, MDR, and XDR strains, respectively. XDRs were less resistant to azithromycin (1/114), piperacillin/tazobactam (1/123), carbapenems (0/123), and tigecycline (0/123).
Conclusion: XDR S. Typhi was observed as the dominant strain in Peshawar regions for which azithromycin is still the drug of choice. With emerging resistance, azithromycin safety should be ensured through antibiotic stewardship principles. An interesting finding was the enhanced activity of cefoperazone/sulbactam, suggesting future studies. Alternative options are expensive antibiotics which can be used as a last resort.
Keywords: Typhoid, Antibiotic resistance, Extensive drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi, Pakistan.
CORRELATION OF LENGTH OF UMBILICAL CORD WITH FETOMATERNAL OUTCOME IN TERM PREGNANCIES
Authors: Akhtar Naheed , Ghayur Mahjabina S , Bangash Arzoo Gul , Akhtar Zubaida , Ambreen Samad  , Riaz Sajida
Published: September 2024

To determine the association between umbilical cord length and feto-maternal outcome in term pregnancies.
RATES AND DETERMINANTS OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Shakeel Muhammad , Bibi Adeela , Riaz Qasim , Sarwar Ghulam , Sarwar Naveeda , Rabnawaz
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES:  

To find out rates of medication adherence in patients with bipolar affective disorder.
To find out the impact of demographic factors, use of substances, and positive family history of bipolar affective disorders on medication adherence in patients with bipolar affective disorder.

MATTERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 386 patients who were suffering from Bipolar Affective Disorder (BAD), were included through a convenient sampling technique from Government Sarhad Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases Peshawar. Data was collected through a self-prepared questionnaire.  Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with the help of SPSS version 24, while using Chi square test and Logistic Regression Analysis.
RESULTS: Among 386, 302 (78.2%) are males while 84 (21.8%) are females. Regarding education 164 (42.5%) were educated up to the primary level. Familial and sporadic cases were 138 (35.8%) and 248 (64.2%) respectively. Moreover, 232 (60.1%) had poor while 154 (39.9%) had good medication adherence. The frequencies of use of any substance, tobacco, and substance other than tobacco were 222 (57.5%), 214 (55.4%) and 114 (29.5%) respectively. There is a statistically significant impact of gender, education, positive family history of BAD, and use of any substance, tobacco, and substance other than tobacco on medication adherence. At the same time, marital status, age of onset of BAD, and current age have no statistically significant impact on medication adherence.
CONCLUSION: Gender, education, positive family history of BAD, use of any substance, tobacco, and substances other than tobacco are statistically significant while marital status, age of onset of BAD, and current age have no significant impact on medication adherence in BAD.
KEYWORDS: Substance use, Family history of BAD, Demographic factors, Medication adherence, Bipolar affective disorder.
THE EFFECTS OF MULTICOMPONENT EXERCISE ON MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN ELDERLY POPULATION: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL
Authors: Gul Khattak Hafsah , Arshad Hafsah , Aman Saba , Amjad Imran
Published: September 2024

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of multicomponent exercise on mild cognitive impairment in older adults.
Materials and Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at the Department of Rehabilitation at Pakistan Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi. Fifty-eight older persons with mild cognition impairment were allocated randomly into 2 groups. The participants of the experimental group (n=29) performed multicomponent exercises two times a week for 55-60 minutes. In the control group (n=29), participants performed 20 minutes of treadmill walking thrice a week. Both groups performed these exercises for 6 weeks. Pre and post assessment was carried out at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention for the following test: Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail-making test A (TMT-A) and Trail making test-B (TMT-B). Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.
Results: The overall mean age of study participants was 62.74±74 years. Within-group analysis for MMSE, MoCA, TMT-A, and TMT-B significantly improved (p <0.05) in the experimental group in comparison to the control group. Between-group analysis showed that all parameters were significantly improved (P <0.05) at post-intervention assessment.
Conclusion: Multicomponent exercise training was found to be effective in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. A combination of exercise can enhance cognitive function, help in the prevention of the decline in cognitive function, and reduce the risk for dementia.
Keywords: Mild Cognitive Impairment, Cognition, Trail Making Test, Dementia
Trial Registration number: NCT03938051
EXPLORING THE USE OF ONLINE TECHNOLOGY FOR PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION PREPARATION AMONG MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
Authors: Syed Rahman , Khan Ameer Afzal , Iqbal Bilal
Published: September 2024

Objectives: To explore the use of online technology for professional examination preparation among medical college students in Swat.Material and methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 194 students enrolled in two medical colleges present in Swat. Data was collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed through different computer databases. The descriptive analysis of continuous variables was represented using the median, while categorical variables were presented through frequency and proportion. Results: It was observed that 37.1% of students use online technology for professional exam preparation very frequently, and 43.3% use it frequently. The different devices used by students for accessing online resources for exam preparation were reported as smartphones 83.4%, laptops 54.9%, tablets 12.4%, and computers 3.1%. 86.5% of the students reported that their exam performance improved with the use of online technology, 10.8% of students reported that their exam performance did not change with the use of online technology, and 1.5% reported that their exam performance declined with the use of online technology. Regarding the use of online technology for exam preparation effect on stress levels, 3% of the students reported that the use of online technology reduces stress significantly, 9.3% reported that it reduces stress moderately, 16% reported that it has no significant impact on stress, 45.9% reported that it increases stress moderately, while 25.8% reported that it increases stress significantly.Conclusion: The majority of medical college students utilize online technology for examination preparation, reporting improved performance. They perceive that online methods are more effective than traditional teaching. However, challenges like digital distractions, stress, and sleep disturbances accompany this shift. Despite these issues, there is evident potential for further enhancing exam preparation through increased online technology utilization.KEYWORDS: Online technology, professional examination preparation, medical college students
ENHANCING SELECTIVE ATTENTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MODERATE-INTENSITY EXERCISE AND HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL EXERCISE IN YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Ahmad Farida , Zahra Musarrat , Zoofeen Ushna , Shah Zubia , Mahmood Afsheen , Afridi Ambreen , Zulfiqar Fatma
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The principal aim of this study was to determine the impact of moderate-intensity exercise and high-intensity interval exercise on selective attention.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study transpired at Khyber Girls Medical College Peshawar from August 2020 to March 2021. Thirty-four young adults were enlisted, participating in two sequential experimental sessions. In the initial session, subjects engaged in a 20-minute session of moderate-intensity exercise, with forward digit span tests administered both pre and post-exercise. Following a one-week interval, the second session involved the same procedures, with participants undertaking high-intensity interval exercise characterized by alternating one-minute intervals of low and high-intensity activities. Selective attention was re-evaluated within 5 minutes of completing the exercise. Participants were then scheduled for a follow-up session one week later, where the same procedures were replicated. SPSS version 20 was used for Data analysis, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the data.
Results: thirty-four participants with a mean age of 21 ± 2 years, a body mass index (BMI) of 23 ± 4 kg/m2, and a mean waist-hip ratio of 0.81± 0.05 were included in the study. After fifteen minutes of high-intensity interval exercise, a noteworthy improvement in selective attention was observed (P = 0.001).
 Conclusion: A single session of high-intensity interval exercise exhibited greater efficacy in enhancing selective attention as compared to moderate exercise.
Keywords: High-intensity interval exercise, Selective attention, Young adults
Attention Monitoring Using Eye Gaze with a Hybrid Ensemble Learning Approach
Authors: Ranjeet Bidwe
Published: September 2024

Healthcare, education, transportation safety, and human-computer interaction are just few of the many tasks that require monitoring. Monitoring is important for all of these tasks and more. This paper presents innovative work that has been done in the field of attention monitoring. The work involves combining a hybrid eye gaze model with deep learning in order to monitor the level of attention that a driver is paying. This paper provides a description of the hybrid eye gazing model that was suggested, as well as the results that were produced by the model. Data augmentation techniques such as rotation, shifting, shearing, and flipping are used to the proposed model, along with adjustments such as changing the fill mode in terms of zooming into the image and rescaling. The suggested model makes use of an augmented dataset. In order to ensure that the model is trained in a reliable and consistent manner, all of these aspects are essential. Modern pre-trained architectures, such as VGG16, VGG19, InceptionV3, EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetB7, and InceptionResNetV2, are the foundation upon which our model is constructed. These designs are modified, and then more layers are added, in order to facilitate the process of capturing very minute attention dynamics using them. The accuracy and effectiveness of the model were later improved by the utilization of a model ensemble. After some time has passed, the XGBoost model is amalgamated with all of the other models that were utilized previously in the hybrid model technique. This is done in order to achieve improved accuracy and efficiency of the model. Many different assessment measures, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 Score, and support, are utilized in order to conduct an adequate evaluation of the performance of the model. Through the use of these indicators, a comprehensive comprehension of the model's capacity to identify and forecast attention patterns in a variety of locations is achieved. We were able to obtain the highest level of accuracy from VGG19 and InceptionResNetV2 after utilizing the models, which was 84.6% and 83.6% respectively. A score of 82% was achieved by the VGG16 hybrid models during the accuracy test. The Hybrid Eye Gaze Model is a powerful and adaptable attention monitoring system that can be utilized for a wide range of applications. It utilizes deep learning and pre-trained architectures.
Revolutionizing Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Models: Fractional Calculus and Non-Newtonian Dynamics Meet Advanced Numerical Methods
Authors: Prabhat Kumar
Published: September 2024

This research explores the recent advancements in mathematical modelling of heat transfer and fluid flows, emphasizing fractional calculus, non-Newtonian fluid dynamics, and nanofluid models. We discuss the use of fractional derivatives in modelling complex thermal and flow behaviours in various engineering contexts, including permeable surfaces and porous media. Applications range from industrial heat exchangers to biomedical devices. Numerical methods such as the Iterative Power Series (IPS) technique and Finite Element Methods (FEM) are employed to solve the nonlinear equations governing these phenomena. A comprehensive comparison of these methods highlights their strengths and limitations in terms of accuracy, convergence, and computational efficiency. The results reveal significant insights into the optimization of thermal systems, with fractional models demonstrating superior adaptability to anomalous flow and heat transfer conditions. The findings contribute to the development of more efficient and effective engineering designs, and the study suggests directions for future research in this field.
Research on Evaluation Model of Mobile Residential Space Based on Edge Intelligence
Authors: R. Kavitha
Published: September 2024

With the rapid rise in the population, the demand for mobile residential space design has also increased accordingly. Residential spatial design has a complex design period, and requires higher labor. At present, the development of artificial intelligence and internet influences the architectural design of mobile residential space and work efficiency of designers in smart city applications. However, the usage of hand-crafted design features and error rate in residential space design is still high with traditional design techniques, which eventually leads to design inefficiency and reduced user satisfaction. The advent of edge-intelligence based on deep learning gave architectural design a new path. In this paper, we proposed Edge-based spatial adaptive graph Convolutional neural network (E-SAGCNN) approach for mobile residential space design prediction. Initially, data regarding Chinese residential building plan were collected. Residential space design features were automatically extracted by Recurrent Neural network-based Auto-Encoder (RNN-AE). The E-SAGCNN approach is trained over the residential space design features to generate the efficient mobile residential space design plan. The E-SAGCNN model is optimized by Butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) to reduce the design error. The mobile residential space design plan generated using E-SAGCNN is stored in edge server for further applications. The proposed approach is compared with existing methods in residential space design planning. The results showed that the proposed model is effective in mobile residential space design compared to existing methods.
Load Frequency Control of Interconnected Power System with non-linearities using PSO-based Fuzzy PID Control Approach
Authors: Ramesh Chandra Khamari
Published: September 2024

Load frequency control (LFC) is vital for balancing power generation with fluctuating power demand. It ensures that the system frequency and tie-line power are maintained at their desired levels. The design of an LFC system is crucial for the automation of power systems. This article introduces a Fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FPID) control approach for LFC in an interconnected reheat thermal power system, utilizing a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method and incorporating the Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) as nonlinearities. The proposed controller offers the advantage of effectively managing system nonlinearities while being better than classical controllers. The response of the FPID controller is contrasted with both the conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and the Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller, in scenarios both including and excluding the Generation Rate Constraint (GRC). The response of the system is analyzed by considering load disturbances in each region of the integrated power network.
Teacher Education During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Literature During School Closures
Authors: Al-Mutawah Masooma Ali
Published: September 2024

The closure of schools as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic led to an urgent shift towards remote and online learning. This sudden shift necessitated significant adjustments in teacher education. Educators had to swiftly adapt their instructional methods to cater to the requirements of distance education. Understanding the experiences and strategies employed by teacher education institutions, educators, and pre-service teachers during this period is crucial for shaping future practices and policies. This study seeks to analyze a variety of research articles conducted both during and post the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective is to explore the main dimensions covered in these studies, focusing on the concerns or challenges faced by their teaching training programs. By examining the insights gleaned from these studies, we aim to gain a comprehensive understanding of the adjustments and innovations that emerged in response to the pandemic. This analysis will provide valuable insights into how teacher education programs can effectively navigate similar challenges in the future and continue to evolve in the face of changing educational landscapes.
Enoxaparin pretreatment alleviates pentylenetetrazol–induced epileptic seizures in Wistar rats
Authors: Gungor Huseyin , Turgut Nergiz Hacer
Published: September 2024

Epilepsy, is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures. A low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin has multifaceted properties. In addition to its anticoagulant activity, enoxaparin has demonstrated anti–inflammatory, antioxidant and anti–apoptotic effects. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of enoxaparin against seizures, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, brain–derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) concentrations and cognitive impairment in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling in Wistar rats. Twenty–four rats divided into 4 groups (Control, PTZ, ENX250+PTZ, ENX500+PTZ) were used. Enoxaparin (250 and 500 IU·kg-1, intraperitoneal –ip–) or vehicle (saline) were given to rats for 5 days. On the fifth day, 30 min after drug administration, PTZ (45 mg·kg-1, ip) was given to cause seizures. Behavioral seizure parameters were evaluated by video recording. A behavioral test, passive avoidance test was performed. PTZ administration decreased total antioxidant status (TAS) while increased total oxidant status (TOS) both in hippocampus and cortex. Furthermore, PTZ induced elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF–α), interleukin–1β (IL–1β), BDNF, caspase–3, and caspase–9. Pretreatment with enoxaparin decreased the levels of these parameters and TOS, while increased TAS. Enoxaparin pretreatment significantly decreased the epileptic seizure scores according to the Racine scale, increased first myoclonic jerk (FMJ) time and the test trial time in passive avoidance test. These results indicate that enoxaparin (250 and 500 IU·kg-1) at both doses has promising protective effect against PTZ induced epilepsy by improving memory impairment, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. This positive effect was more prominent at 500 IU·kg-1 dose of enoxaparin.
Identification of Vagococcus salmoninarum from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) using proteomics–based MALDI–TOF MS
Authors: Çağatay İfakat Tülay
Published: September 2024

Vagococcus salmoninarum is a pathogen causing vagococcosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) broodstock and large fish. In this study, conventional diagnostic methods, including phenotypic, genomic and high throughput proteomic MALDI‐TOF MS were tested together for accurate and rapid identification of V. salmoninarum. Twelve isolates from extensively infected internal organs (fins, gills, liver, heart and kidney) of a total of fifty fish were phenotypically confirmed as V. salmoninarum by biochemical–enzymatic characteristics using the BBL Crystal™ GP identification system. However, the presence of positive PCR amplification of 16S rDNA gene was detected only in 83% of these isolates and the same samples were identified as V. salmoninarum by MALDI–TOF MS method with high mass score value (m/z) between 2.00 and 3.00. Based on the comparative data obtained in this study, we conclude that the MALDI–TOF MS method is the most promising and recommended method for the definitive identification of V. salmoninarum.
A Utilitarian Study of Binary Oppositions in Charles Dickens’s Hard Times
Authors: Harmik Badali Melkonians
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on the binary oppositions Dickens creates in his novel Hard Times to depict the suffering the proletariat goes through due to the harsh working conditions, and low wages policy in the industry-stricken society of the nineteen century England. To this end, the article will analyse the characters in the novel, mostly through Dickens’s description of them, and they will be divided into two groups: those raised through the utilitarian educational system, and those in non-utilitarian environments with more Romanic elements involved. It is argued that despite the teachers’ insistence and persistence in raising a whole generation through strict machine-like educational systems that tended more to neoclassical principles free from any emotions, the system failed, and the group with romantic tendencies emerged as the victors. Besides emerging as victors, the non-utilitarians turn the utilitarians to their sides through the end of the novel becoming a role model for them. It is also argued how Dickens used the created binaries to criticize industrialization, the Laissez-faire policy, and nineteenth-century Liberalism.
The Uneasiness of the Crown: A Comparative Study of Nayak and Autograph
Authors: Anjan Das
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of two acclaimed Indian films, Nayak (1966) and Autograph (2010), to shed light on their cinematic narratives, legacy, cultural contexts, artistic significance and ultimate messages. Satyajit Ray’s experimental movie Nayak tries to uncover the psychology and mental anguish of a movie star of great fame. Srijit Mukherjee’s Autograph explores the same theme but with much complex varieties giving us an alternative reality of Ray’s picture. Both the film set against the backdrop of the film industry, weave together a tapestry of narratives as they follow the lives respectively of Arun Chatterjee and Arindam Mukhopadhyay reflecting on their past and reconnecting with their roots. Apart from analysis, this paper highlights two of the main themes explored in the film: one is the idea of fame and success and another is the actor-director relationship. Furthermore, the paper also tries to examine whether Autograph can be regarded as a successful tribute to Nayak or not. The paper explores the stylistic devices used by Satyajit Ray and Srijit Mukherjee in addition to comparing Nayak and Autograph. It does this by examining how each director uses character development, narrative structure, and cinematography to portray the complex layers of their protagonists’ struggles. The goal of the paper is to explore how the Indian film industry’s dynamic actor-director relationship and changing views on success and fame are reflected in the societal and cultural shifts that occurred between the times the films were made.
Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing English Language Education for Tribal Empowerment
Authors: Raj Kumar Prajapati  , Abhishek Sachan
Published: September 2024

Tribal communities, often marginalized and underserved, confront various socio-cultural challenges in their pursuit of empowerment. English language proficiency presents both opportunities and challenges in this context. English language education holds significant potential as a catalyst for empowering tribal communities, offering access to socio-economic opportunities and global connectivity. Despite the potential benefits of English proficiency in enhancing socio-economic opportunities for tribal communities, various hurdles exist in its effective implementation. Drawing on existing literature and case studies, this paper analyses the socio-cultural, pedagogical, and infrastructural challenges encountered in providing English language education to tribal populations. Socio-cultural challenges encompass the preservation of indigenous languages and cultures, resistance to linguistic assimilation, and community attitudes towards English language education. Pedagogical issues include the scarcity of qualified English language teachers, inadequate teaching materials, and the need for culturally relevant curriculum content. Infrastructural constraints manifest in limited access to educational institutions, insufficient infrastructure, and the digital divide. This paper also explores the potential opportunities, including access to higher education, vocational training, employment prospects, and participation in the global economy, that English proficiency can afford tribal communities.
The Colonial Spectacle: Sara Baartman and the Commodification of Black Bodies
Authors: Aiswarya M.B.  , Dr Anu S
Published: September 2024

The body has always been used as a way of cultural expression and social scrutiny. In the case of marginalised groups like black women, their bodies do carry added significance because of slavery, colonial and sexual oppression, and exploitation. The narratives around their bodies have been based on stereotypes and blatant racism. Their bodies have been commodified and fetishised for their ‘exotic’ features. They have been hypersexualized, characterized as deviant, and racially oppressed. This perpetuated a narrow view of what Black womanhood and sexuality meant. Black women’s relationship with their own bodies is deeply intertwined with the dynamics of power, resistance, and oppression. At the heart of this hypersexualized black womanhood lies the story of Sara Baartman or Hottentot Venus. By shedding light on her story, this article seeks to explore the complexities of Black womanhood and sexuality, their historical roots, and their   contemporary manifestations.
Beyond the Earthly Chariot: Shelley’s Journey from Passion to Spiritual Love
Authors: Lata Tripathi  , Sonal Tandon
Published: September 2024

Percy Bysshe Shelley’s exploration of love spans his poetic works, revealing a profound evolution from personal passion to a universal force of redemption and liberation. This paper delves into Shelley’s philosophical journey as depicted in his major works, examining the themes of bondage and freedom in “The Triumph of Life” alongside the transformative power of love in “Prometheus Unbound.” Shelley’s examination of the Promethean legend serves as a backdrop for his exploration of love’s evolving nature. From its initial portrayal as a personal deity in “Epipsychidion” to its broader significance as a universal principle in “Adonais,” love emerges as a redemptive force, transcending individual desires to encompass humanity’s collective aspirations. In “Prometheus Unbound,” Shelley presents love as a heroic vision of rebellion against tyranny, symbolizing wisdom, justice, and peace in the face of oppression. Through meticulous analysis of symbolism and action, the paper illuminates Shelley’s profound insight into the transformative potential of love, culminating in the triumph of love over adversity. “The Triumph of Life” offers a more symbolic view of love, contrasting earthly passion with a spiritual love that grants liberation from the limitations of the material world. Shelley suggests that love, in its purest form, holds the key to individual and societal transformation, offering solace in suffering and rebellion against oppression. In conclusion, Shelley’s concept of love evolves from personal indulgence to mature, symbolic representation, emphasizing its role in individual salvation and societal renewal. The enduring message of Shelley’s works underscores the transformative power of love as a force for redemption and liberation.
Struggles of Dalits in Rohinton Mistry’s A Fine Balance
Authors: Sunil  , Dr. Ratnesh Baranwal
Published: September 2024

Rohinton Mistry’s A Fine Balance provides a vivid and deeply moving depiction of India’s complex social fabric, skillfully intertwining the lives of characters from a variety of backgrounds. Central to Mistry’s narrative are the Dalit characters, who embody one of the most marginalized and oppressed communities in Indian society. This research paper delves into the portrayal of Dalit characters in A Fine Balance, examining how Mistry illuminates their experiences, challenges, and resilience in the face of pervasive systemic discrimination and social injustices. Mistry’s narrative captures the harsh realities faced by Dalits, who are subjected to relentless oppression and prejudice. The novel highlights the socio-economic hardships and the persistent stigmatization that Dalits endure, offering readers a profound understanding of their plight. By focusing on the individual stories of key Dalit characters, the research explores how Mistry conveys their struggles and their capacity to endure and resist despite overwhelming adversity. Through a meticulous analysis of characters such as Ishvar and Omprakash, the paper underscores the various dimensions of Dalit oppression, including caste-based violence, economic exploitation, and social exclusion. Mistry’s nuanced portrayal of these characters not only brings their suffering to the forefront but also showcases their unwavering spirit and determination to seek a better life. The thematic elements in A Fine Balance serve as a powerful lens through which the broader socio-political realities of India can be understood. The research paper emphasizes the significance of the Dalit narrative in the novel, arguing that their stories are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of India’s socio-political landscape. By shedding light on the struggles of Dalits, Mistry’s work encourages readers to reflect on the ongoing issues of caste discrimination and social injustice in contemporary India. The present research article aims to highlight the importance of Dalit representation in A Fine Balance, demonstrating how Mistry’s depiction of their struggles and resilience provides a critical commentary on the entrenched socio-political inequalities in Indian society.
Sant Kabir and Nirgunwad: An Exploration of Theism, Love and Universal Fraternity
Authors: Prof. Ajay Kumar Shukla  , Ashwani Kumar
Published: September 2024

Sant Kabir is basically a saint poet from Varanasi, U.P. India, whose relevance continues influential from his own era till the present century. It is wonderful reading about him that he was an illiterate person, without any kind of formal education, and he becomes one of the axes of education and philosophy for centuries to follow him. His hagiography and writings cast a great influence on the Bhakti movement of Hinduism and his verses contribute up to a great extent to the formation of the scriptures of Sikhism, Guru Granth Sahib, Sadguru Granth Sahib of Saint Garib Das, and Kabir Sagar of Dharamdas. Sant Kabir’s ideas prevail over Hinduism, Sikhism, and Islam, especially in Sufism, and rectification of both Hinduism and Islam through his critical verses in terms of their unethical practices makes him the pathfinder of the truth. Due to his fearless vitriolic comments, he was always subject to threats of religious communities, sometimes even thrown to die. His teaching and preaching continue through Kabirpanth (“Path of Kabir”), an idea which declares him the founder of a new sect of the Kabirpanthees. His birth is supposed to take place in 1398 (Samvat 1455), in Brahmamuharta at Varanasi. Kabir Bijak, Adi Granth (Sikh), and Kabir Granthawali are some famous works of the poet under scholarly discussion. He was one of the disciples of bhakti poet-saint Swami Ramananda of Vaishnavism, a preacher of monist Advaita philosophy teaching that God lives inside all the people and every object. Many points from his biography are debate points notwithstanding people love his great spiritual ideas creating a new way to theism and essential fraternity across world. This research paper explores Sant Kabir’s contribution to theism through his Nirgunawad during 15th century and give an understanding to the message of love and brotherhood imparted time and again through his verses, the very basis of Bhakti Marg.
A Study of Women in Disability in the Select Works of Rabindranath Tagore and Manik Bandopadhyay
Authors: Dr. Trayee Sinha
Published: September 2024

Colin Barnes and G. Mercer define disability as the consequence of a societal structure that inadequately accommodates individuals with physical impairments, resulting in their exclusion from mainstream social engagement due to limitations or barriers in activities. The formation of disability studies in the present-day society is mainly built up with reference to the active campaigns and social changes. Perspectives on disability undergo transformation through considerations of structure, genre, and narrative form. These transformations challenge established theoretical paradigms in literary criticism, offering a fresh and provocative approach to analyzing diverse literary works. Literary portrayals of disability spark discussions on contemporary issues, presenting opportunities for nuanced examination while also prompting a reimagining and rewriting of literary and cultural histories. In this study, the focus centers on women with disabilities, explored through an analysis of select short stories authored by Rabindranath Tagore and Manik Bandopadhyay. Both the litterateurs have contributed volumes of writing and short story is both of their comfort zones among the other genres. It is significant to note that disability as a distinctive branch of studies developed later (in the1990s) but the two writers mentioned above have depicted various characters with their “challenges”— physical and mental. The paper attempts to look at women’s disability to analyze the outlook of the society towards such identities from a historical perspective and what particular role they play towards society. The following short stories have been selected for the present study; “Subha” (1893) and “Drishtidaan” (1898) by Rabindranath Tagore, and “Peranta” and “Gayen” (1948) by Manik Bandopadhyay.