bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do work engagement and work autonomy affect job crafting and performance? An analysis in an Indian manufacturer
Authors: Jindal Deepika , Boxall Peter , Cheung Gordon W. , Hutchison Ann
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The authors examine the interactive effects of work engagement and work autonomy in enhancing job crafting behaviour and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Dyadic data from a sample of 320 white-collar employees in an Indian manufacturer are analysed through structural equation modelling.

Findings

The level of job crafting is highest when both work engagement and work autonomy are high. Job crafting fully mediates the interactive effect of work engagement and autonomy on task performance and partially on contextual performance.

Practical implications

There is value in reviewing organisational constraints on employee autonomy to foster the ways in which highly motivated workers can craft their jobs and, thus, maximise their performance.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates the interactive effects of work engagement and autonomy in enhancing job crafting and, through this mechanism, employee performance.
Co‐development of the ENVISAGE‐Families programme for parents of children with disabilities: Reflections on a parent–researcher partnership
Authors: Pozniak Kinga , Cross Andrea , Babic Rose , Cavalieros Vicki , Martens Rachel , Rosenbaum Peter , Imms Christine , Novak‐Pavlic Monika , Balram Abha , Hughes Debra , O'Connor Bridget , Miller Laura
Published: May 2022

Introduction

In childhood disability research, the involvement of families is essential for optimal outcomes for all participants. ENVISAGE (ENabling VISions And Growing Expectations)‐Families is a programme comprising five online workshops for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The workshops aim to introduce parents to strengths‐based perspectives on health and development. The research is based on an integrated Knowledge Translation (iKT) approach, in which knowledge users are involved throughout the research process. This article is co‐authored by the ENVISAGE health service researchers (N = 9) and parent partners (N = 3) to describe the process through which we co‐developed and implemented the workshops.

Methods

Collaborative auto‐ethnography methods, based on a combination of interviews, qualitative surveys, and discussions held to complete the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and Public‐2 tool, were used to describe the co‐design process, the benefits gained, and lessons learned.

Findings

Parents (n = 118) were involved in developing and implementing the ENVISAGE workshops across the different phases, as partners, collaborators, or participants. Three parents were involved as investigators throughout. We identify seven key ingredients that we believe are necessary for a successful parent–researcher working relationship: (i) consistent communication; (ii) clear roles and expectations; (iii) onboarding and feedback; (iv) flexibility; (v) understanding; (vi) self‐reflection; and (vii) funding.

Conclusion

Patient and family engagement in research is a rapidly growing area of scholarship with new knowledge and tools added every year. As our team embarks on new collaborative studies, we incorporate this knowledge as well as the practical experience we gain from working together.
Can politicians and citizens deliberate together? Evidence from a local deliberative mini‐public
Authors: Grönlund Kimmo , Herne Kaisa , Jäske Maija , Värttö Mikko
Published: May 2022

In a deliberative mini‐public, a representative number of citizens receive information and discuss given policy topics in facilitated small groups. Typically, mini‐publics are most effective politically and can have the most impact on policy‐making when they are connected to democratic decision‐making processes. Theorists have put forward possible mechanisms that may enhance this linkage, one of which is involving politicians within mini‐publics with citizens. However, although much research to date has focussed on mini‐publics with many citizen participants, there is little analysis of mini‐publics with politicians as coparticipants. In this study, we ask how involving politicians in mini‐publics influences both participating citizens' opinions and citizens' and politicians' perceptions of the quality of the mini‐public deliberations. We organised an online mini‐public, together with the City of Turku, Finland, on the topic of transport planning. The participants (n = 171) were recruited from a random sample and discussed the topic in facilitated small groups (n = 21). Pre‐ and postdeliberation surveys were collected. The effect of politicians on mini‐publics was studied using an experimental intervention: in half of the groups, local politicians (two per group) participated, whereas in the other half, citizens deliberated among themselves. Although we found that the participating citizens' opinions changed, no trace of differences between the two treatment groups was reported. We conclude that politicians, at least when they are in a clear minority in the deliberating small groups, can deliberate with citizens without negatively affecting internal inclusion and the quality of deliberation within mini‐publics.
Identification and molecular mechanism of novel tyrosinase inhibitory peptides from collagen
Authors: Xue Wenjun , Liu Xuan , Zhao Wenzhu , Yu Zhipeng
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to identify novel tyrosinase inhibitory peptides from collagen of donkey by combining in silico screening with in vitro activity verification, and to elucidate inhibition mechanism based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Three tripeptides, that is, Asp‐Gly‐Leu (DGL), Gly‐Ala‐Arg (GAR), and Ser‐Asp‐Trp (SDW) were identified and exerted potent tyrosinase inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 0.47 ± 0.01 mM, 1.13 ± 0.04 mM, and 2.08 ± 0.01 mM, respectively. Each of three identified peptides had hydrophobic amino acids and could stably and closely bind with the active pocket of tyrosinase. Hydrogen bonds played the most important roles in impacting the structure stabilities of the peptide‐tyrosinase complexes. Moreover, His85, His244, His259, and Asn260 were the key residues to drive the interactions between the peptides and tyrosinase. Overall, collagen‐derived peptides DGL, GAR, and SDW from donkey had great potential as tyrosinase inhibitory peptides.

Practical Application

This study has suggested that three tripeptides DGL, GAR, and SDW derived from collagen of donkey have potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. These novel collagen‐derived peptides had great potential to be applied as tyrosinase inhibitory peptides to prevent and improve hyperpigmentation disorders and other tyrosinase‐related problems in the food industry. And this work is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel, safe, and effective tyrosinase inhibitory peptides.
Formation and stability of electrostatic complexes formed between scallop female gonad protein isolates and sodium alginate: Influence of pH, total concentration, blend ratio, and ionic strength
Authors: Han Jia‐Run , Yan Jia‐Nan , Du Yi‐Nan , Wu Hai‐Tao , Zhu Bei‐Wei
Published: May 2022

The complex coacervation between scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) female gonad protein isolates (SFGPIs) and sodium alginate (SA) was determined by the turbidimetric method. The impact of pH, total biopolymer concentration, biopolymer blend ratio, and various salt ionic on the mechanisms governing the complex coacervation of SFGPIs–SA complexes were also investigated. For the SFGPIs:SA ratio of 2:1 without adding NaCl, insoluble and soluble complexes were observed at pH 5.8 (pHφ1) and pH 8.2 (pHc) with the optimum biopolymer interactions appearing at pH 2.6 (pHopt). The maximum turbidity value increased with the increment of the total biopolymer concentration from 0.37 to 1.83 until attaining the critical value (0.75%). As the blend ratios rose from 1:3 to 12:1, the critical pH values (pHc, pHφ1, and pHopt) moved to higher pH. Furthermore, the addition of NaCl led to a remarkable decrease in turbidity over the whole pH region in SFGPIs–SA complexes. Moreover, monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) had the same effect on the formation of the SFGPIs–SA complex, whereas the divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) lessened the complex formation in comparison with the monovalent ions. This study offers a methodological and theoretical basis for the design of complex SFGPIs–SA systems by understanding the complex coacervation under different conditions.

Practical Application

In recent years, several protein–polysaccharides complexes have been widely applied in food and biological systems. Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) female gonads are deemed as good marine sources for developing protein matrices on account of their high protein content and nutrients. In our study, the effects of different conditions on the mechanisms governing the complex coacervation of SFGPI–SA mixtures were investigated, and the instability of the system could be overcome by understanding the conditions for SFGPIs/SA complex formation, which have a feasible role in developing marine source‐protein as a functional food base such as kamaboko gels, can, sausage, fat substitutes, and delivery vehicles for bioactive compounds.
Reservoir Potential Assessment of the Tortonian–Calabrian Sediments from Offshore Makran (Southwest Pakistan) through a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: KHAN Natasha , ALI Awais , KHURSHEED Salahudin , ALI Kashif , SAEED Muhammad
Published: May 2022

The Tortonian–Calabrian strata of Offshore Makran (Pakistan) is investigated for the purpose of reservoir assessment. The stratigraphy and petrophysics indicate that the Neogene sediments have tight reservoir potential with porosities in the range of 3%–9% and 40%–50% water saturation. The mineralogical cross plots indicate a mixed lithology with an abundance of dolomite and calcite, together with minor quartz content and shale. The seismic interpretation demonstrates medium–high amplitude reflection patterns, mud diapirs coupled with onlapping strata and the occurrence of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs). The BSRs are characterized by diminished amplitude, low continuity and exhibiting acoustic blanking zones. The high formation pressure results indicate overpressure zones, suggesting the occurrence of overpressured shales in the Jal Pari‐1A. The presence of mud diapirs and gas chimneys are the result of tectonic forces acting at the junction of the Arabian, Indian and Eurasian plates, whereas, BSRs prove the existence of gas charged sediments supporting the formation of mud diapirism in the region. It is concluded that the high rates of sedimentation during the Neogene are likely to have contributed to the development of the high formation pressure. Revised mud weights, casing policies, pore pressure transients and geophysical inversion studies will help alleviate drilling risks in future exploration strategies.
The Theater's Backstage: When Numbers Serve the Show—A Case Study on Livent (Part 1)*
Authors: Malo Angélique , Courtois Cynthia
Published: May 2022

On November 19, 1998, Toronto entertainment company Livent Inc. filed for protection under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act, further to issuing a press release stating that the company's audited financial statements contained irregularities. This high‐profile bankruptcy serves as a reminder that Canadian companies are not immune from financial manipulations. The proposed case study lets students act as the auditors responsible for the audit engagement for Livent's financial year ended December 31, 1996, which was the financial year that preceded its failure. Students will be responsible for discussing the work performed by Deloitte & Touche and implementing audit procedures for complex transactions that the company has handled. The students must be capable of identifying the factors that may have impacted the audit and the engagement risk and will be asked to establish materiality. This case study is based on facts as related by the press and the various legal authorities who dealt with the affair.
Occupancy–detection models with museum specimen data: Promise and pitfalls
Authors: Shirey Vaughn , Khelifa Rassim , M'Gonigle Leithen K. , Guzman Laura Melissa
Published: May 2022

Historical museum records provide potentially useful data for identifying drivers of change in species occupancy. However, because museum records are typically obtained via many collection methods, methodological developments are needed to enable robust inferences. Occupancy–detection models, a relatively new and powerful suite of statistical methods, are a potentially promising avenue because they can account for changes in collection effort through space and time.

We use simulated datasets to identify how and when patterns in data and/or modelling decisions can bias inference. We focus primarily on the consequences of contrasting methodological approaches for dealing with species' ranges and inferring species' non‐detections in both space and time.

We find that not all datasets are suitable for occupancy–detection analysis but, under the right conditions (namely, datasets that are broken into more time periods for occupancy inference and that contain a high fraction of community‐wide collections, or collection events that focus on communities of organisms), models can accurately estimate trends. Finally, we present a case study on eastern North American odonates where we calculate long‐term trends of occupancy using our most robust workflow.

These results indicate that occupancy–detection models are a suitable framework for some research cases and expand the suite of available tools for macroecological analysis available to researchers, especially where structured datasets are unavailable.
Morphology of urinary system in six‐banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Fonseca Clarisse Maria Barbosa , Mendonça Tarsia Giabardo Silva Mendonça , da Silva Andrezza Braga Soares , de Sousa Cavalcante Maria Michele Araujo , Araújo João Victor Silva , Júnior Aírton Mendes Conde
Published: May 2022

Euphractus sexcinctus is a wild mammal native to the Americas; they have great diversity and are not in danger of extinction like other armadillo species. Despite the diversity, the morphology of several biological systems of this species has not been fully described. This study details the gross and microscopic anatomy of the urinary system in Euphractus sexcinctus, a six‐banded armadillo, compared with other mammalian study models. Six animals were dissected in the study. In the anatomical analysis, the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra were dissected and photographed; then, fragments were submitted to histological routine for staining with haematoxylin‐eosin, toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome for visualization under light microscopy. The six‐banded armadillo ureter is histologically composed of four concentric layers. The urinary bladder is presented with three tissue layers. The pattern of constitution and distribution of urinary system structures was compatible with that of most domestic like Canis familiaris and wild animals like Bradypus torquatus, with adaptations for the arid and semi‐arid habitat. The description of the morphology of Euphractus sexcinctus presents great relevance both for its conservation and for its use as a model for clinical research.
Safety and effectiveness of transdermal buprenorphine in cancer pain: An observational study in Taiwan (SOOTHE)
Authors: Huang Tai‐Lin , Huang Yen‐Min , Hou Min‐Mo , Lu Chang‐Hsien , Chao Tsu‐Yi , Chiu Tai‐Jan , Chang Yueh‐Shih , Lin Sheng‐Hao , Lin Ching‐Hsiung , Chen Yen‐Hao , Wang Cheng‐Hsu , Chen Jen‐Shi , Shen Wen‐Chi
Published: May 2022

Aim

Buprenorphine is one of the strongest opioids used for the relief of cancer pain. This study aims to evaluate the real‐world clinical experiences of transdermal buprenorphine used in moderate to severe cancer pain in the Asian population.

Methods

This is an open‐labeled, multicenter, 4‐week observational study. Stable cancer pain patients who decided to switch the previous opioid to transdermal buprenorphine will be enrolled in this study. The safety and effectiveness were observed and collected. Pain assessment was performed using a numerical rating scale by the investigators and the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI‐SF) by the patient. The safety profiles included concomitant medications and adverse events (AEs).

Results

A total of 83 patients were enrolled in this study. The global pain scores in the BPI, as well as the four individual pain parameters (worst, least, average, and right now), showed a continued decrease (p < .05) from week 2 to week 4. Significant improvements were observed in normal work activities, relations with other people, sleep, enjoyment of life, and global BPI pain interference score on week 4. Pain assessments conducted by investigators demonstrated significant, continuous improvements during the study periods. In addition, transdermal buprenorphine demonstrated good safety/tolerability with limited drug‐related AEs in the Asian population with cancer pain.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that transdermal buprenorphine in the Asian population has good safety profiles and continued improvements in pain relief, sleep, and pain interferences. Transdermal buprenorphine can be an effective and convenient option as a transdermal opioid for patients with moderate to severe cancer pain in Taiwan. (NCT Number: NCT04315831)
Development of an organ procurement team in South Australia in response to COVID‐19
Authors: Gimpel Damian Joseph , Crouch Gareth , Szpytma Malgorzata , Mazzone Annette , Baker Robert A. , Bennetts Jayme S.
Published: May 2022

Background

Due to the nature of border closures and quarantine requirements in Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the feasibility of interstate travel for organ retrieval created complex logistics. An organ procurement service in South Australia, to procure heart and lungs of local donors, was commenced to mitigate the impact of the travel restrictions imposed due to COVID‐19. The purpose of this review was to examine the initial data and feasibility of the service.

Methods

A single unit, multi‐site retrospective review from April 2020–August 2021 of all organ retrievals undertaken by the Flinders Medical Centre cardiothoracic service across Adelaide metropolitan area. Data was prospectively collected and analysed from the DonateLife South Australian centralized database. All data was de identified.

Results

A total of 25 organ procurements had been undertaken across 17 months since commencing the program. Total of 9 hearts and 16 bilateral lungs were procured with median age of donor of hearts 49 years (IQR 35.5–51. 5) and 60 years (IQR 44–72) for lung donation. Six organs were donated after determination of circulatory death and 19 after neurological determination of death. Median ischaemic time for heart donation was 4.4 h (IQR 3.0–5.8) and lung donation 4.4 h (IQR 3.4–6.1). All organs procured by the local South Australian team were successfully transplanted at the recipient site. Recipient sites included 8 in Victoria, 10 in New South Wales, 4 in Western Australia and 3 in Queensland.

Conclusions

The necessity of flexibility within the field of cardiothoracic surgery is evident during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The implementation of an organ retrieval service in South Australia has been successful with no apparent increased risk to successful transplant outcomes.
The Aveir Leadless Pacing System receives FDA approval
Authors: Han Jason J.
Published: May 2022

The Aveir leadless system is now the second device on the market in the United States to offer safe and reliable pacemaking capabilities to patients who experience significant bradycardia and arrhythmias.
British Association of Dermatologists and British Photodermatology Group guidelines for narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy 2022
Authors: Goulden Victoria , Ling Tsui C. , Babakinejad Parastoo , Dawe Robert , Eadie Ewan , Fassihi Hiva , Fityan Adam , Garibaldinos Trish , Ibbotson Sally H. , Novakovic Ljuba , Rush Emma , Weatherhead Sophie C. , Whitehouse Heather , Hashme Maria , Mohd Mustapa M. Firouz , Exton Lesley S. ,   on behalf of the British Association of Dermatologists’ Clinical Standards Unit
Published: May 2022

Linked Comment: P. Wolf. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:285–286.
The road to biologics in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a nationwide drug utilization study
Authors: Ring Hans Christian , Yao Yiqiu , Maul Julia-Tatjana , Ingram John R. , Frew John W. , Thorsen Jonathan , Nielsen Mia-Louise , Wu Jashin J. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Thomsen Simon F. , Egeberg Alexander
Published: May 2022

Background

Prolonged systemic antibiotic treatment is often a part of management of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Although biologic therapies are now available, the patient’s treatment journey leading to biologic therapy is unclear.

Objectives

To examine treatment patterns and duration of systemic treatment use in patients with HS preceding biologic therapy.

Methods

We identified all patients with HS receiving treatment with biologics in the Danish National Patient Registry from 2010 to 2018 and extracted their entire prescription history of specific systemic treatments from the Danish National Prescription Registry since its inception in 1995. The patients’ treatment journeys are graphically displayed through Sankey diagrams and box plots generated to show temporal distributions. Descriptive patient characteristics were presented as frequencies with percentages for categorical variables and as means with SDs or medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs) for continuous variables.

Results

A total of 225 patients with HS were included. Patients had most frequently been treated with penicillin (n = 214; 95·1%), dicloxacillin (n = 194; 86·2%), tetracycline (n = 145; 64·4%) and rifampicin/clindamycin (n = 111; 49·3%), as well as the retinoids isotretinoin and acitretin, and dapsone. Prior to biologic therapy, patients received a mean of 4·0 (SD 1·3) different systemic therapies, across a mean of 16·9 (SD 11·3) different treatment series. The mean time from first systemic therapy until biologic therapy was initiated was 15·3 (SD 5·1) years [8·2 (SD 5·9) years when excluding penicillin and dicloxacillin].

Conclusions

Patients with HS who receive biologic therapy have long preceding treatment histories with multiple drug classes and treatment series, many of which are supported by relatively weak evidence in HS. Delay in the initiation of biologic therapy may represent a missed opportunity to prevent disease progression.

What is already known about this topic?  The treatment journey leading to biologic therapy in patients with HS has not previously been investigated.

What does this study add?  Our data from 225 patients with HS illustrate that patients who receive biologic therapy have long preceding treatment histories with multiple drug classes and treatment series, many of which are supported by relatively weak evidence in HS.
A survey of literature examining farmland prices: A Canadian focus
Authors: Deaton B. James , Lawley Chad
Published: May 2022

This study assesses agricultural economics literature on farmland prices and key determinants of these prices. The first section of the paper uses a basic capitalization model to organize a review of the literature and data. We then provide a focused assessment of five streams of literature examining farmland prices: (1) boom‐bust; (2) the capitalization effect of government agricultural subsidies on farmland prices; (3) agricultural zoning; (4) climate change; and (5) prohibitions against non‐local buyers of farmland. Our review highlights challenges to ongoing efforts to model changing farmland prices, the modern emphasis on econometric identification, important variation in the magnitude of estimated relationships across the literature, and the opportunity to expand research in Canada.
No difference in wound complications with or without a post‐operative pressure dressing: Our experience in 135 children undergoing mastoidectomy
Authors: Shinnawi Shadi , Gordin Arie , Zaroura Iyad , Rafoul Bahaa , Khoury Majd , Cohen‐Vaizer Mauricio
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To assess the efficacy of avoiding mastoid pressure dressing (MPD) on children as a means of preventing discomfort and post‐operative pain.

Design

A retrospective controlled study.

Setting

All operations were carried out by experienced surgeons using standard techniques, whose custom, not the gravity of any individual case, dictated the use of MPD.

Participants

Children who underwent mastoidectomy for inflammatory middle ear diseases at a tertiary centre from 2010 to 2021.

Main Outcome Measures

Wound‐related complications and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores at discharge were compared between children who had an MPD applied following surgery and those who did not.

Results

One hundred thirty‐five cases were included. The demographic characteristics of the patients and surgical techniques employed were similar for both groups. There were 91 patients in the MPD group and 44 in the non‐mastoid dressing (NMPD) group. In the MPD group, five patients developed minor wound dehiscence, eight experienced surgical site infections (SSI), and one patient developed a keloid. In the NMPD group, one patient had an SSI, one patient suffered from a keloid scar, wound dehiscence was observed in one patient, and another one had a local hematoma. Therefore, there were no differences between the groups in relation to post‐operative complications (p = .32). Despite these similitudes, the NMPD patients suffered less post‐operative pain, as measured by the VAS (p = .02).

Conclusion

This study shows that no significant benefit is derived from using an MPD after mastoidectomy in children. Surgeons should adhere to principles of appropriate haemostasis and wound closure to prevent post‐operative wound complications. Our study supports the abandonment of routine MPD in children following mastoidectomy.
Mediators of ertugliflozin effects on heart failure and kidney outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Segar Matthew W. , Kolkailah Ahmed A. , Frederich Robert , Pong Annpey , Cannon Christopher P. , Cosentino Francesco , Dagogo‐Jack Samuel , McGuire Darren K. , Pratley Richard E. , Liu Chih‐Chin , Maldonado Mario , Liu Jie , Cater Nilo B. , Pandey Ambarish , Cherney David Z. I.
Published: May 2022

Aims

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and composite kidney outcomes, but the mediators underlying these benefits are unknown.

Materials and methods

Among participants from VERTIS CV, a trial of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease randomized to ertugliflozin versus placebo, Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the percentage mediation of ertugliflozin efficacy on the first HHF and kidney composite outcome in 26 potential mediators. Time‐dependent approaches were used to evaluate associations between early (change from baseline to the first post‐baseline measurement) and average (weighted average of change from baseline using all post‐baseline measurements) changes in covariates with clinical outcomes.

Results

For the HHF analyses, early changes in four biomarkers (haemoglobin, haematocrit, serum albumin and urate) and average changes in seven biomarkers (early biomarkers + weight, chloride and serum protein) were identified as fulfilling the criteria as mediators of ertugliflozin effects on the risk of HHF. Similar results were observed for the composite kidney outcome, with early changes in four biomarkers (glycated haemoglobin, haemoglobin, haematocrit and urate), and average changes in five biomarkers [early biomarkers (not glycated haemoglobin) + weight, serum albumin] mediating the effects of ertugliflozin on the kidney outcome.

Conclusions

In these analyses from the VERTIS CV trial, markers of volume status and haemoconcentration and/or haematopoiesis were the strongest mediators of the effect of ertugliflozin on reducing risk of HHF and composite kidney outcomes in the early and average change periods.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier

NCT01986881
Dentists' knowledge of dental trauma based on the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines: An Australian survey
Authors: Jadav Nilesh Madhukant , Abbott Paul V.
Published: May 2022

Background/Aim

Traumatic dental injuries are the result of impact injuries to the teeth and/or soft and hard tissues within and around the vicinity of the oral cavity and pose a very serious public health dilemma. The aim of this study was to appraise the level of knowledge of dentists in Australia regarding the management of traumatic dental injuries based on the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines.

Methodology

A link to an electronic questionnaire investigating personal and professional information and twelve questions about dental trauma was distributed by email using the Qualtrics Survey Software to ensure anonymity of the respondents, to members of the Australian Dental Association. The respondents were grouped according to demographic characteristics and practice profiles. Data were evaluated by the Student’s T test or one‐way ANOVA with post hoc testing using Fisher's least significant difference, with the α level set at 5%.

Results

A total of 180 complete responses were obtained. The overall mean number of correct answers was 7.55 ± 1.91 from a maximum possible score of twelve. Gender, year of primary dental qualification, dentist identity (general dentist or specialist), area of main practice or region worked by the practitioner did not significantly affect the mean scores. However, increased knowledge of the IADT guidelines was significantly associated with the number of trauma cases treated and the dentists' self‐reported knowledge.

Conclusions

The overall knowledge of Australian dentists regarding the management of traumatic dental injuries based on the IADT guidelines was generally good but it was also deficient in some areas.
The influence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus on dispersal by Bemisia tabaciMEAM1 in tomato
Authors: Steele Gabriella C. , De Marchi Bruno Rossitto , Lahiri Sriyanka , Adkins Scott , Turechek William , Smith Hugh A.
Published: May 2022

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), transmits tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), impacting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae) production globally. The dispersal capacity of viruliferous B. tabaci in tomato fields is not well understood. We hypothesized that TYLCV‐viruliferous whiteflies would disperse from plant to plant more quickly compared to non‐viruliferous whiteflies. To test this hypothesis, we established two sets of greenhouse experiments. In the first, the vector status experiment, whiteflies were either viruliferous or non‐viruliferous at the start of the experiment and were observed on all non‐infected tomato host plants. In the second, the host status experiment, whiteflies were all non‐viruliferous at the start of the experiment and were observed on either TYLCV‐infected or non‐infected tomato host plants, so that those feeding on infected plants would acquire the virus within the observed time frames. Dispersal was evaluated after 24–96 h by comparing numbers of adults and eggs on the central plant (i.e., where the insects were released) and plants located some distance away. Results indicate that neither carrying the virus at the onset of the trial nor acquiring the virus during the trial influenced dispersal compared to dispersal by non‐viruliferous B. tabaci. Viruliferous and non‐viruliferous whiteflies were most abundant on the central plant for all time intervals. Mortality was higher in viruliferous than in non‐viruliferous whiteflies. The virus alone does not seem to influence whitefly dispersal under the conditions studied. This has implications for management and control.
Couple variables predicting retention in a brief intervention and research
Authors: Mitchell Erica A. , Roberson Patricia N. E. , Amer Zahra , Garcia Darren J. , Cordova James V. , Gordon Kristina Coop
Published: May 2022

Therapy is an effective form of treatment for couple distress; yet, research shows that 20%–60% of couples terminate treatment prematurely. Predictors of couple retention in therapy and research are unclear, particularly for couples from marginalized populations, which has important implications for the quality and generalizability of research results, and the benefits derived from therapy are limited when participants are not retained. The purpose of this study (N = 1310) was to identify couple‐level variables that predict (1) retention in a brief, two‐session couple intervention (The Relationship Checkup) delivered as a home visitation program and (2) retention in research participation at 1‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. Hypotheses were tested using a two‐level multi‐level model. Couples are significantly less likely to be retained in the brief intervention if (1) at least one partner identifies as Asian, Pacific Islander, or Native American, (2) at least one partner identifies as Hispanic/Latinx, or (3) both partners report mental or emotional health as a concern in their relationship. Couples are significantly less likely to be retained in research if (1) at least one partner identifies as Asian, Pacific Islander, or Native American (1 month only), (2) at least one partner identifies as Hispanic/Latinx (1 and 6 months), (3) if either partner reports clinically significant relationship distress at baseline (1 and 6 months), or (4) if either partner reports relationship aggression at baseline (6 months only). These findings are discussed with relevance to clinicians and researchers to recruit and retain more diverse and marginalized participants in couple interventions and follow‐up research.
Mitochondrion‐located peptides and their pleiotropic physiological functions
Authors: Zheng Xintong , Xiang Mengqing
Published: May 2022

With the development of advanced technologies, many small open reading frames (sORFs) have been found to be translated into micropeptides. Interestingly, a considerable proportion of micropeptides are located in mitochondria, which are designated here as mitochondrion‐located peptides (MLPs). These MLPs often contain a transmembrane domain and show a high degree of conservation across species. They usually act as co‐factors of large proteins and play regulatory roles in mitochondria such as electron transport in the respiratory chain, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, metabolic homeostasis, and so on. Deficiency of MLPs disturbs diverse physiological processes including immunity, differentiation, and metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. These findings reveal crucial functions for MLPs and provide fresh insights into diverse mitochondrion‐associated biological processes and diseases.
Cutaneous manifestations of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis (AAV): a concise review with emphasis on clinical and histopathologic correlation
Authors: Gibson Lawrence E.
Published: May 2022

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises a group of small vessel vasculitides grouped by commonalities of clinical manifestations and ANCA testing. Skin findings are not uncommon, although there is considerable overlap and many times nonspecificity. In general, patients with skin findings tend to have more significant systemic illness, and skin lesions most often develop simultaneously or following onset of systemic symptoms. There are clinical and pathological clues of help in the differentiation of skin findings in these disorders. Purpura of various forms with leukocytoclastic vasculitis is common to all AAV. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) comprises the largest number of patients with an AAV. Upper airway, oral, ear, and facial lesions, with or without granuloma, are more commonly seen in this AAV. Pyoderma gangrenosum‐like lesions, including facial location, while not common are most closely associated with GPA. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) as its name implies is more closely associated with eosinophilic, allergic, or asthmatic conditions. Papular lesions of the extensor extremities showing extravascular granulomatous changes are characteristic but not specific for EGPA. Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is more closely associated with livedoid skin changes, and vascular inflammation tends to be deeper in the skin than with the other AAV. Extravascular granulomas are not expected. While the skin findings in AAV can be nonspecific and overlapping, combining careful full skin examination with histopathologic study of selected lesions is critical to making the correct diagnosis and in ruling out other similar diseases not ANCA related. The aim of this article is to encourage increased participation by dermatologists and dermatopathologists in the care of these patients.
Climate change, the cutaneous microbiome and skin disease: implications for a warming world
Authors: Isler Madeleine F. , Coates Sarah J. , Boos Markus D.
Published: May 2022

The skin plays an important role in human health by providing barrier protection against environmental stressors. In addition to human skin cells, the cutaneous barrier is also home to a network of organisms that have co‐evolved with humans, referred to as the cutaneous microbiome. This network has been demonstrated to play an active role in skin health and the manifestation of cutaneous disease. Here, we review how a warming world and its attendant changes in climatic variables, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, and air pollution, influence the cutaneous microbiome and, in turn, skin health. Studies indicate that the cutaneous microbiome is affected by these factors, and these changes may influence the epidemiology and severity of cutaneous disorders including atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and skin cancer. Further investigation into how the cutaneous microbiome changes in response to climate change and subsequently influences skin disease is needed to better anticipate future dermatologic needs and potentially generate novel therapeutic solutions in response.
Application of a composite scoring protocol to identify factors that contribute to the risk of overweight and obesity in Irish children
Authors: O'Donnell Aisling , Buffini Maria , Kehoe Laura , Nugent Anne , Kearney John , Walton Janette , Flynn Albert , McNulty Breige
Published: May 2022

Background

Investigations into the main drivers of childhood obesity are vital to implement effective interventions to halt the global rise in levels. The use of a composite score may help to identify children most at risk of overweight/obesity.

Objectives

To investigate the cumulative impact of factors associated with overweight/obesity risk in children.

Methods

Data were analysed from the Irish National Children's Food Survey II which included 600 children, aged 5–12‐years. The risk factors examined included social class, parental, early life, lifestyle, and dietary components. A composite score was calculated which ranged from 0 (no risk factors for overweight/obesity) to 4 (4 risk factors for overweight/obesity).

Results

In model 1 (%BF) the four factors associated with overweight/obesity risk were having a parent with overweight/obesity (odds ratio 3.1; 95% confidence interval 1.9–4.8), having a high birth weight of ≥4 kg (2.5; 1.6–3.9), being from a low social class (2.3; 1.4–3.8) and low physical activity (1.9; 1.2–2.8). Children who scored 3–4 points on the composite score had a 10‐fold (10.0; 4.2–23.9) increased risk of overweight/obesity compared to those with 0 points, a sevenfold (7.2; 3.9–13.5) increased risk compared to those with 1 point and a threefold (2.6; 1.4–4.8) increased risk compared to those with 2 points, with similar results observed in model 2 (BMI).

Conclusion

The use of a composite score is a beneficial means of identifying children at risk of overweight/obesity and may prove useful in the development of effective interventions to tackle childhood obesity.
Leveraging South African HIV research to define SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity triggered by sequential variants of concern
Authors: Bhiman Jinal N. , Moore Penny L.
Published: May 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has shifted our paradigms about B cell immunity and the goals of vaccination for respiratory viruses. The development of population immunity, through responses directed to highly immunogenic regions of this virus, has been a strong driving force in the emergence of progressively mutated variants. This review highlights how the strength of the existing global virology and immunology networks built for HIV vaccine research enabled rapid adaptation of techniques, assays, and skill sets, to expeditiously respond to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. Allying real‐time genomic surveillance to immunological platforms enabled the characterization of immune responses elicited by infection with distinct variants, in sequential epidemic waves, as well as studies of vaccination and hybrid immunity (combination of infection‐ and vaccination‐induced immunity). These studies have shown that consecutive variants of concern have steadily diminished the ability of vaccines to prevent infection, but that increasing levels of hybrid immunity result in higher frequencies of cross‐reactive responses. Ultimately, this rapid pivot from HIV to SARS‐CoV‐2 enabled a depth of understanding of the SARS‐CoV‐2 antigenic vulnerabilities as population immunity expanded and diversified, providing key insights for future responses to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.
Macrophages of the M1 and M2 types play a role in keloids pathogenesis
Authors: Seoudy Wael M. , Mohy El Dien Sara M. , Abdel Reheem Talal A. , Elfangary Mona M. , Erfan Moatasem A.
Published: May 2022

The pathophysiology of keloid formation is unknown, however, macrophages are thought to play a role in keloid formation. Understanding the mechanism(s) of keloid development might be crucial in developing a new treatment regimen for keloids. The aim of this study was to understand possible status of M1 and M2 type macrophages in the pathogenesis of keloid. Thirty cases of Keloid tissues were selected according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as 30 normal scars, were enrolled in our study as a control group. An excisional biopsy was harvested and ELISA was done on keloid tissue and normal scar samples, with CD68, the surface marker for M1 and CD163 representing M2. The results revealed the low expression of M1 (CD68) in keloid tissue meanwhile high levels of M1 were detected in normal scars. We also detected that higher tissue expression of M2 (CD163) was significantly associated with keloid cases when compared to low M2 expression in the control group. An important finding that was discovered during our study is that the M1 and M2 are significant predictors of keloid. Every increase of 1 ng/mL in M1 decreases the risk of keloid by 0.99 while every increase of one unit in M2 increases the risk of keloid by 2.01. This study concluded that the keloid formation could be a result of an abnormal response to tissue injury where there is an excessive entry of inflammatory cells into the wound, including macrophages and that the keloid incidence might be related to a decrease in M1 and an increase in M2.
Effects of immersive virtual reality classrooms on students' academic achievement, motivation and cognitive load in science lessons
Authors: Liu Ruixue , Wang Lei , Koszalka Tiffany A. , Wan Kun
Published: May 2022

Background

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) applications that support student learning have gained increasing interest. However, empirical studies exploring the educational potential of using IVR in primary school science classrooms are lacking.

Objectives

This study developed a series of IVR science lessons for primary school students and examined the effects of these lessons on learning outcomes.

Methods

Our mixed‐method approach employed pre‐ and post‐tests to measure academic achievement, questionnaires to measure motivation and cognitive load, and semi‐structured interviews to further explore students' feelings and attitudes about IVR science lessons. Participants included 362 Grade 4 students assigned to either the experimental (IVR‐based classroom) or control (traditional classroom) groups. The experimental group engaged in IVR science lessons using Head‐Mounted Displays; the control group learned the same material through traditional methods.

Results and conclusions

The results showed that the IVR‐based classroom significantly improved primary students' academic achievement and science motivation and decreased their cognitive load. Moreover, the experimental group reported positive experiences with the IVR science lessons.

Takeaways

These findings help unpack the relationships between IVR and academic achievement, science motivation, and cognitive load in primary school science lessons, thus providing insight on integrating IVR into existing classrooms.
Effects of blended language learning on EFL learners' language performance: An activity theory approach
Authors: Li Rui
Published: May 2022

Background

Despite a great deal of studies on blended language learning, synthesized empirical evidence of its effects on language performance is still lacking.

Objectives

To bridge the gap, this study aimed to meta‐analyse the effects of blended language learning on EFL learners' language performance.

Methods

Drawing on the framework of AT (Activity Theory), this paper reported results based on a meta‐analysis of the effects of blended language learning on EFL (English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language) learners' language performance with 43 valid effect sizes from 39 experimental and quasi‐experimental studies published during 2000–2021.

Results and Conclusions

The results showed that the overall effect size was significantly moderate for language performance, suggesting that blended language learning is more effective than traditional methods. The moderating effects of AT‐related moderators were analysed. The educational levels, intervention durations, geographic regions and software types were found to be significant moderators, while others did not find a significant moderating effect.

Implications

The results also provided some practical insights into the pedagogical implications for teachers, practitioners, and researchers in blended language learning.
The quality of four psychology practice guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II
Authors: Trepanier Lyane , Hébert Catherine , Stamoulos Constantina , Reyes Andrea , MacIntosh Heather , Beauchamp Sylvie , Larivée Serge , Dagenais Christian , Drapeau Martin
Published: May 2022

Rationale, Aims and Objectives

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) have been shown to improve healthcare services and clinical outcomes. However, they are useful resources only to the degree that they are developed according to the most rigorous standards. Multiple studies have demonstrated significant variability between CPGs with regard to specific indicators of quality. The Ordre des psychologues du Québec (OPQ), the College of psychologists of Quebec, has published several CPGs that are intended to provide empirically supported guidance for psychologists in the areas of assessment, diagnosis, general functioning, treatment and other decision‐making support. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of these CPGs.

Methods

The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument was used to assess the quality of the CPGs.

Results

Our results show that although there have been some modest improvements in quality of the CPGs over time, there are important methodological inadequacies in all CPGs evaluated.

Conclusions

The findings of this study demonstrate the need for more methodological rigour in CPGs development as such, recommendations to improve CPG quality are discussed.