bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Emergency Repair of Distribution Network Considering Cooperative Scheduling of Power Supply Vehicles
Authors: Li Tianchu , Wu Zhipeng , Liu Yuanhuang , Lin Qinan
Published: October 2024

With the development of China's national economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the production and life of society are increasingly dependent on power supply. Thus, how to ensure the safety and reliability of electric energy is becoming more and more important. It would cause substantial losses in case of a large‐scale blackout, which is what we need to avoid. The recovery speed of the power outage is one of the most vital core issue, fast recovery of power supply in the distribution network is a significant way of improving emergency disposal efficiency. In order to make full use of the emergency resources and improve the efficiency of distribution network emergency repair, this paper presents a coordinated optimal scheduling of emergency power supply vehicles and emergency repair teams in the case of multiple faults. First, the emergency repair disposal path optimization model is created, with the goal of minimizing emergency disposal time and outage losses. Second, an emergency power supply vehicle scheduling model is established, with the goal of maximizing the economic benefit. And the optimal dispatch model of the emergency power supply vehicle with the highest value of the recovery load is built by using the transfer strategy matrix. Finally, the binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm is used to solve the optimization models in the IEEE33 node distribution network model. The results indicates that the optimized scheduling strategy considering the coordinated dispatch of emergency power supply vehicles and emergency repair teams can be obtained, and the validity of the proposed method is verified. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Defining mucosal healing in randomized controlled trials of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and future perspective
Authors: Parigi Tommaso Lorenzo , Solitano Virginia , Armuzzi Alessandro , Barreiro de Acosta Manuel , Begun Jake , Ben‐Horin Shomron , Biedermann Luc , Colombel Jean‐Frederic , Dignass Axel , Fumery Mathurin , Ghosh Subrata , Kobayashi Taku , Louis Edouard , Magro Fernando , Panaccione Remo , Rausch Astrid , Reinisch Walter , Selinger Christian , Jairath Vipul , Danese Silvio , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent
Published: October 2024

Background

Mucosal healing (MH) is an established treatment goal in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, various definitions of MH exist. We aimed to identify how MH is defined in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library from inception to December 2023 for phase 2 and 3 RCTs of advanced therapies in IBD.

Results

One hundred forty‐four studies were included, 72 in UC and 72 in CD, published between 1997 and 2023. In UC, 64% (46/72) RCTs reported MH as an endpoint. 12 definitions of MH were found, from endoscopic assessment alone (35/46; 76%) to the more recent combination of histology and endoscopy (10/46; 22%). 96% (44/46) of studies used the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore. In CD, reporting of MH lagged behind UC, with only 12% (9/72) of trials specifically defining MH as an endpoint, 7 as “absence of ulceration,” 2 as Simplified Endoscopic Score for CD score ≤2 or 0. Histological assessment was performed in 3 RCTs of CD. Centralized reading of endoscopy was used in 48% (35/72) of RCTs of UC and 22% (16/72) of CD. Only 1 RCT included transmural healing as an endpoint.

Conclusions

A standard definition of MH in IBD is lacking. Definitions have evolved particularly in UC, which now includes the addition of histological evaluation. Transmural healing holds promise as a future target in CD. We support a greater standardization of definitions as we expect endpoints to become increasingly stringent and multimodal with computers automating the assessment.
Investigating the transforming hydrosocial dynamics in urbanizing Gurgaon, India
Authors: Amir Sheeba , Narain Vishal
Published: October 2024

As a terrain for neoliberal capitalism, Gurgaon, a city peripheral to New Delhi, has urbanized tremendously to become part of an urban agglomeration. Along with its unprecedented urban growth, the semiarid, water‐stressed region is undergoing a fundamental reconfiguration of its ecologies, visible in its disconnected hydrological network, fragmented landscape, and reappropriated forests and agricultural land. This article reflects on the evolving interaction between water and society and the growing water insecurities within this “emerging” urban system by interrogating the region's rapidly transforming hydrosocial system. It highlights the transition from community‐managed traditional water system to a centralized, extractive, and techno‐centric approach and addresses the challenges and differential vulnerabilities created by this transformation.
Stability and eigenvalue bounds for micropolar shear flows
Authors: Braz e Silva Pablo , Carvalho Jackellyny
Published: October 2024

We prove eigenvalue bounds for two‐dimensional linearized disturbances of parallel flows of micropolar fluids, deriving the Orr‐Sommerfeld equations and providing a sufficient condition for linear stability of such flows. We also derive wave speed bounds.
Implementation of stacking regressor model on the flow induced by TiO2‐H2O and Ti6Al4V‐H2O nanofluid with waste discharge concentration
Authors: Madhukesh J. K. , J Madhu , Fareeduddin Mohammed , K Chandan , Khan Umair , Al‐Tref Gadah Abdulrahman , Hussain Syed Modassir , Nagaraja K. V. , Kumar Raman
Published: October 2024

The present investigation examines the circulation of and based nanofluids while considering the concentration of waste discharge. An innovative stacking regressor model is used to increase prediction accuracy. Using Shooting and Runge Kutta Fehlberg's fourth and fifth‐order schemes, the governing equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation and then numerically solved. The findings are represented graphically, and the model's correctness is assessed using Gaussian Process Regression, Categorical Boost, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest, with linear regression acting as a meta‐model. The closely related testing and training data show the model's consistency and stability. Magnetic field and inclination angle will decline the velocity, space, and temperature‐dependent internal heat generation factors will enhance the temperature. Raising the pollutant external source parameter raises concentration. In all the cases, shows better performance than based nanofluid. The work's application ranges from fluid dynamics to waste management. By offering precise forecasts of nanofluid concentration, the proposed prediction model may aid in designing and optimizing waste discharge systems.
A numerical investigation of the polyethylene glycol‐based tetra hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretched porous rotatory disk
Authors: Patgiri Bhagyashri , Paul Ashish
Published: October 2024

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a great heat and mass transmissive fluid that has promising applications in medical, pharmaceutical, and electronic industries. Tetra‐hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) are the most upgraded version of heat and mass transmissive nanofluids that are synthesized by dispersing four distinct nanoparticles in the carrier fluid. The study of the flow of nanofluids and their advanced classes across rotatory disks is receiving remarkable interest in research and innovation due to their considerable applications like gas turbine rotors, aeronautical, medical equipment, rotating machinery, thermal power developing systems, and so forth. Therefore, the present paper aims to inspect the magnetohydrodynamic, steady, three‐dimensional, and incompressible flow of a non‐Newtonian tetra‐HNF over a stretched porous rotating disk. The chosen tetra‐HNF consists of four distinct nanoparticles namely, molybdenum disulfide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, and zirconium oxide with PEG as the carrier fluid. The flow model is modified with innovative impacts of variable thermal conductivity, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, variable mass diffusivity, and suction/injection to make this research more convenient. The mathematical computation is conducted via the bvp4c numerical method, and the outputs are determined via tables and graphs. Mounting values of the Deborah number amplify the axial velocity while augmentation is noticed in the fluid's radial and azimuthal velocities for rising values of the rotation parameter. Besides, the rotation parameter aids in enhancing both the heat and mass transportation rates while the chemical reaction parameter significantly aids the mass transportation rate. One of the significant results of this inspection is that tetra‐HNF exhibits better heat and mass transportation rates than the ternary‐HNF, and the HNF whereas it has lesser skin friction than the ternary‐HNF, and the HNF.
A revised double diffusion Cattaneo–Christov bioconvective model for unsteady Williamson nanofluid due to Riga surface with additional nonlinear thermal sources
Authors: Aziz Samaira , Khan Sami Ullah , Adnan  , Ahmad Iftikhar , Waqas Muhammad , Sajjad Raja Danyal , Riaz Arshad , Zamri Nurnadiah
Published: October 2024

Current analysis presents the unsteady two‐dimensional flow of Williamson nanofluid with suspension of microorganisms due to stretched Riga surface with porous medium. The applications of external heat source/sink with non‐uniform relations are suggested. Furthermore, activation energy and nonlinear radiative effects are encountered. The extension in energy equation is subject to the implications of famous Cattaneo–Christov model. The problem is simplified with help of dimensionless quantities. The analytical simulations of formulated problem have been performed with help of built‐in bvp4c numerical scheme. The physical aspects of problem are presented for various flow parameters. It is claimed that velocity profile boosted due to modified Hartmann parameter while declining change in velocity profile is noted for Williamson fluid constant. The temperature field enhances for non‐uniform heat source constants. Current results convey applications in heat transfer enhancement, solar energy, extrusion processes, automobile industries, fertilizers, and so forth.
Exploring constraints on Simplified Dark Matter model through flavour and electroweak observables
Authors: Kolay Lipika , Nandi Soumitra
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study focuses on a combined analysis of various available inputs to constrain the parameter spaces of a simplified dark matter (SDM) model featuring a spin-0 mediator and fermionic dark matter (DM). The spin-0 mediator interacts with standard model (SM) fermions, SM gauge bosons, and DM. We constrain the parameter spaces of different relevant couplings, DM mass, and the mediator mass, using the data from flavour-changing charged and neutral current processes, CKM matrices, W and Z-pole observables, DM relic density, direct and indirect detection bounds. We have calculated bounds on the couplings from both separate and simultaneous analyses of the mentioned processes. We identify correlated parameter spaces for all the relevant parameters which include the couplings and the masses. For the DM and mediator masses, we have scanned the region between 100 GeV and 1000 GeV. Using our results, we have obtained bounds on the couplings of possible higher dimensional operators from which we can formulate our SDM.
Loop induced H±W∓Z vertices in the general two Higgs doublet model with CP violation
Authors: Kanemura Shinya , Mura Yushi
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Understanding symmetry of extended Higgs models helps to construct the theory beyond the standard model and gives important insights for testing these models by experiments. The custodial symmetry plays an important role as a leading principle to construct non-minimal Higgs sectors. On the other hand, new sources of CP violation in the Higgs sector are essentially important to explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In the two Higgs doublet model, it has been known that the CP violation and the custodial symmetry are not compatible, and thus the CP violating Higgs potential in general violates the custodial symmetry in the Higgs sector. In this paper, we discuss the loop-induced H±W∓Z vertices in the two Higgs doublet model, which are induced due to the custodial symmetry violation of the sector of the particles in the loop, and study how the vertices are affected by the CP violation. We calculate the H±W∓Z vertices in the most general two Higgs doublet model with the CP violation at the one-loop level and evaluate the decay modes H± → W±Z caused by these vertices. We obtain new contributions to the H±W∓Z vertices from the CP violating part of the model, in addition to the known contributions from the CP conserving part. Moreover, we find that an asymmetry between the decays H+ → W+Z and H− → W−Z is caused by the CP violating phases in the model, some of which are important for the electroweak baryogenesis. We also briefly mention testability of these vertices at future collider experiments.
Logarithmic singularities of Renyi entropy as a sign of chaos?
Authors: Iizuka Norihiro , Nishida Mitsuhiro
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We propose that the logarithmic singularities of the Renyi entropy of local-operator-excited states for replica index n can be a sign of quantum chaos. As concrete examples, we analyze the logarithmic singularities of the Renyi entropy in various two-dimensional conformal field theories. We show that there are always logarithmic singularities of the Renyi entropy in holographic CFTs, but no such singularities in free and rational CFTs. These singularities of the Renyi entropy are also related to the logarithmic time growth of the Renyi entropy at late times.
A chiral limit for Chern-Simons-matter theories
Authors: Aharony Ofer , Kalloor Rohit R. , Kukolj Trivko
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Large N quasi-fermionic Chern-Simons-matter theories have an approximate higher-spin symmetry that strongly constrains their correlation functions. In particular, the 3-point functions for generic spins are combinations of 3 structures (with specific dependence on the positions and helicities), and the coupling-dependence of the coefficient of each structure is uniquely determined. In the past few years, several relations between different structures were found. In this paper we show that all the relations between the structures follow from (or, conversely, they imply) a specific form written by Skvortsov for the vertices of the dual higher-spin gravity theory on four-dimensional anti-de Sitter space, when written in spinor-helicity variables. The dual bulk theory has a specific limit where it simplifies and becomes a “chiral higher-spin gravity theory”, and we discuss what can be said about this limit in the dual Chern-Simons-matter theories, where it involves an analytic continuation to complex couplings.
Phylogeographic structure of Italian Formica pratensis (Retzius 1783) populations in the framework of the species Eurasian range
Authors: Masoni A. , Castellucci F. , Piccinini A. , Greco C. , Balzani P. , Frizzi F. , Mattucci F. , Giangregorio P. , Guariento E. , Zaccaroni M. , Santini G. , Luchetti A.
Published: October 2024

The phylogeography and demographical history of Italian Formica pratensis populations were examined and compared with the Eurasian-wide dataset available for this species and the other red wood ant species Formica lugubris. Forty-eight workers belonging to eight populations from both Alps and Apennines were analysed sequencing a 1.5-kilobase mitochondrial DNA fragment, including the cytochrome b gene and part of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 gene. A total of 127 sequences were screened, scoring 53 different haplotypes amongst all specimens, with five new haplotypes discovered in the Italian populations. All the Italian haplotypes clustered in a monophyletic clade, underlining a clear phylogeographical separation of this group from the other Eurasian groups and suggesting a glacial separate forest refugia and different post-glacial colonisation patterns. The haplotypes from the Alps and the Apennines showed a high genetic proximity, pointing out an ancient (Pleistocene) wide distribution of this species across all these areas and common ancestral lineages. No shared haplotypes were scored between Northern and Central Apennine populations, but the low inter-population genetic distance indicated similar post-glacial selective processes acting on these groups. The diversity we recorded may be influenced by the actual fragmentation of F. pratensis populations across its entire Eurasian range, and by the limited geographical origin and sample dimension of the dataset analysed. Future studies with a more extensive sampling in the Alps and Eastern Europe are needed to confirm our result.
Structural health monitoring of glulam structures: analysis of durability and damage mechanisms
Authors: Greffier Guilhem , Espinosa Luis , Perrin Marianne , Eyma Florent
Published: October 2024

In today’s environmental context, the use of glulam or Glued Laminated Timber (GLT) as an alternative to conventional building materials could reduce the carbon footprint of engineering structures. However, this material is sensitive to outdoor exposure with moisture content variations inducing internal stresses and cracks and high moisture content increasing the risks of decay. This study therefore focuses on the development of a protocol to evaluate the effect of climatic conditions on the mechanical performance of the material. For this purpose, GLT samples were equipped with embedded sensors. Moisture and deformation sensors can accurately track wet-dry (W/D) cycles and their effects on deformation at adhesive joints. Samples are stored outdoors and mechanical tests are carried out after 6 months of aging. The results show an average reduction in flexural strength of about 10% compared to unaged specimens. Shear tests on the adhesive joints show a decrease in strength of more than 20%. The study of the fracture mechanisms also indicates a link between the type of fracture and the aging conditions of the specimens. These tests also validated a monitoring protocol that will allow, in the long term, to evaluate the impact of these cycles on the mechanical performance of GLT.
Imaging characteristics of hip joint microinstability: a case–control study of hip arthroscopy patients
Authors: Vesey Renuka M. , MacDonald Andrew A. , Brick Matthew J. , Bacon Catherine J. , Foo Gen Lin , Lu Man , Lightfoot Nicholas , Blankenbaker Donna G. , Woodward Rebecca M.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Hip microinstability is a clinical entity increasingly recognized and treated but challenging to diagnose with a lack of objective criteria. This study assessed the prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of different imaging findings for hip microinstability on radiograph and MR.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study of 224 hips treated with arthroscopic surgery by a single orthopedic surgeon, 112 hips with clinical microinstability and 112 controls without. Pre-operative radiograph and MRI/MRA imaging were evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists to assess morphological parameters and imaging signs reportedly associated with hip microinstability.

Results

Four imaging features reached significance as predictors of microinstability via three-step logistic regression: labral hyperplasia and decreased lateral center edge angle on MR (OR 2.45 and 0.93, respectively) and the absence of positive ischial spine sign and absence of osteophytes on radiographs (OR 0.47 and 0.28, respectively). Increased acetabular anteversion and absence of cam lesions were more likely in the microinstability group (p = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively), but not independent predictors. Labral tears, chondral loss, abnormal ligamentum teres, anterior capsule thinning, iliocapsularis to rectus femoris ratio, posterior crescent sign, cliff sign, and femoro-epiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index were not associated with microinstabillity.

Conclusion

Imaging features may be predictive of hip microinstability in some cases. Decreased LCEA, increased acetabular anteversion, and labral hyperplasia were associated with microinstability in this study, while many other published imaging findings were not. Imaging remains complementary, but not definitive, in the diagnosis of hip microinstability.
Increased myositis and possible myocarditis in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Gradone Allison L. , Ma Vincent T. , Vasbinder Alexi , Fecher Leslie A. , Yentz Sarah , Hayek Salim S. , Lao Christopher D.
Published: October 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-mediated myocarditis results in significant morbidity and mortality. At our institution, we noted an increased incidence of ICI-mediated myocarditis cases, leading to further investigation in our database of advanced melanoma patients treated with ICI therapy.

Methods

A single-center, retrospective cohort analysis of patients with advanced melanoma identified cases of ICI-mediated myocarditis and myositis.

Results

366 patients with advanced melanoma received a dose of ICI from September 2014 to October 2019. Of these patients, there were 0 cases of ICI-mediated myocarditis (0%, 95% CI 0%–1.0%) and 2 cases of ICI-mediated myositis (0.55%, 95% CI 0.07%–1.96%). From November 2019 to December 2021, an additional 246 patients with advanced melanoma were identified. Of these patients, 10 (4.1%, 95% CI 1.97%–7.35%) developed ICI-mediated myocarditis and 10 developed ICI-mediated myositis.

Conclusion

Our study suggests an increase in prevalence of ICI-mediated muscle damage including myositis and myocarditis in the COVID-19 era. Differentiation of these patients and further risk stratification may allow for development of guidelines for nuanced management of this serious complication.
Antitumor effects of intracranial injection of B7-H3-targeted Car-T and Car-Nk cells in a patient-derived glioblastoma xenograft model
Authors: Tachi Tetsuro , Kijima Noriyuki , Kuroda Hideki , Ikeda Syunya , Murakami Koki , Nakagawa Tomoyoshi , Yaga Moto , Nakagawa Kanji , Utsugi Reina , Hirayama Ryuichi , Okita Yoshiko , Kagawa Naoki , Kishima Haruhiko , Imai Chihaya , Hosen Naoki
Published: October 2024

Background

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor for which novel therapies are needed. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been shown to be effective against GBM, but it is a personalized medicine and requires high cost and long time for the cell production. CAR-transduced natural killer (NK) cells can be used for "off-the-shelf" cellular immunotherapy because they do not induce graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the anti-GBM effect of CAR-T or NK cells targeting B7-H3, which is known to be highly expressed in GBM.

Methods

CAR-T cells targeting B7-H3 were generated using previously reported anti-B7-H3 scFv sequences. Cord blood (CB)-derived NK cells transduced with the B7-H3 CAR were also generated. Their anti-GBM effect was analyzed in vitro. The antitumor effect of intracranial injection of the B7-H3 CAR-T or NK cells was investigated in an in vivo xenograft model with patient-derived GBM cells.

Results

Both B7-H3 CAR-T cells and CAR-NK cells exhibited marked cytotoxicity against patient-derived GBM cells in vitro. Furthermore, intracranial injection of CAR-T cells and CAR-NK cells targeting B7-H3 resulted in a significant antitumor effect against patient-derived GBM xenografts.

Conclusion

Not only CAR-T cells but also CB-derived CAR-NK cells targeting B7-H3 may have the potential to eliminate GBM cells.
Improving yield and irrigation water productivity of green beans under water stress with agricultural solid waste-based material of compacted rice straw as a sustainable organic soil mulch
Authors: Awad Amal E. , Abuarab Mohamed E. , Abdelraouf R. E. , Bakeer Gomaa A. , El-Shawadfy Mohamed A. , Ragab R.
Published: October 2024

This research aimed at water saving in irrigation by applying deficit irrigation using two strategies, standard drip and partial root drying (PRD), while applying organic and plastic mulch over two growing seasons of green beans. A field experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023, using four irrigation treatments supplying 100% of the irrigation requirement (IRg), 75% IRg, 50% IRg, and 50% IRg—PRD, and four soil mulching treatments: uncovered soil (UC), plastic mulch (PM), rice straw mulch (RSM), and compacted rice straw mulch (CRSM). The combined effect of deficit irrigation strategies and soil mulching showed that the maximum irrigation water productivity (IWP) of 5.56 kg m−3 was achieved under 50% IRg—PRD & CRSM for both growing seasons, followed by 50% IRg—PRD & RSM and 50% IRg—PRD & PM, with 5.19 and 4.96 kg m−3, respectively. The highest yield of 8936 kg ha−1 was achieved with 50% IRg—PRD & CRSM, followed by 8914 kg ha−1 and 8898 kg ha−1 with 100% IRg & CRSM and 75% IRg & CRSM, respectively. The lowest yield of 6009 kg ha−1 was obtained with 50% IRg & UC. The highest soil moisture content was observed under 100% IRg & CRSM. The application of organic mulches was found to be particularly effective in conserving soil moisture due to enhanced infiltration, improved retention capacity, and suppression of weed growth, ultimately fostering optimal crop development and higher yield. The results of soil temperature variations beneath soil mulches showed that CRSM is effective in alleviating plant water stress, lowering the temperature below the cover and reducing water loss through evaporation from the soil surface. The combination of 50% IRg—PRD & CRSM produced plants with enhanced plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf area, pod length, and green bean weight, as well as the highest vegetative growth indices. Generally, the organic mulching increased soil temperature, soil moisture, IWP, and green bean production.
Transverse and oblique course of the vertebral artery over the medullospinal junction
Authors: Davidoiu Ana-Maria , Rusu Mugurel Constantin , Toader Corneliu , Rădoi Petrinel Mugurel
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The vertebral artery (VA) pierces the dura mater and continues with the intradural V4 segment. Once entered into the dura mater, the VA ascends from the infero-lateral to the antero-superior side of the medulla. Scarce reports of VAs compressing the medullospinal junction (MSJ) are available. We therefore aimed to determine the incidence of a course of the AV over the MSJ.

Method

One hundred sixty-two archived CT angiogram files were documented in the study. We recorded the cases in which the VA crossed the MSJ. We assessed the VA as dominant, non-dominant or co-dominant.

Results

In 32 cases (19.75%), we identified intradural AVs on the ventral side of the MSJs. The incidence of this course of the VA was 17.1% in males and 23.81% in females. Of the 32 cases, the VA was non-dominant in 6, dominant in 14, and co-dominant in 12.

Conclusion

The VA course over the MSJ is not rare. Therefore, when specific neurological signs of MSJ or medulla compression are found, the course of the VA should be documented on CT or MRI angiograms.
Application of Vieth staging in forensic age estimation in the living using MRI of the distal radial epiphysis
Authors: Ekizoglu Oguzhan , Er Ali , Bozdag Mustafa , Grabherr Silke
Published: October 2024

Forensic age estimation is crucial in various legal and civil contexts, particularly in regions experiencing significant migration and inadequate birth registration systems. This study evaluates the applicability of the Vieth staging system for forensic age estimation in the living using MRI of the distal radial epiphysis. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 620 left wrist MRI scans from individuals aged 9.92 to 29.58 years. The study demonstrated high intra- and inter-observer agreement values (κ = 0.974 and κ = 0.961), confirming the method’s reliability. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between age and ossification stage for both sexes. The minimum ages observed for males were 9.92 years at stage 2, 15.00 years at stage 3, 15.00 years at stage 4, 17.00 years at stage 5, and 20.00 years at stage 6. For females, the minimum ages were 10.08 years at stage 2, 12.33 years at stage 3, 14.25 years at stage 4, 16.33 years at stage 5, and 18.42 years at stage 6. The study supports the applicability of the Vieth methodology for forensic age estimation in the living and suggests that MRI could be a non-invasive and potentially effective tool for determining critical age thresholds in forensic contexts. Further research is recommended to refine these methods and explore their applicability across different populations.
Determination of the optimal dose and dosing strategy for effective l-menthol oral rinsing during exercise in hot environments
Authors: Jeffries Owen , Jibi Godi , Clark Joe , Barwood Martin , Waldron Mark
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This multi-study programme investigated the optimal concentration of l-menthol delivered as an oral mouth rinse to modulate thermo-behaviour during exercise in a hot environment (35 °C).

Method

In study 1, 38 participants completed a survey to establish an effective and tolerable range of l-menthol concentration. 31 participants completed an RPE-protocol examining 1. the dose–response effect of l-menthol mouth rinse on exercise performance (n = 16) and 2. the temporal effectiveness of administering l-menthol in an incremental and decremental dosing pattern (n = 15). Power output, heart rate, body core temperature and thermal sensation were reported throughout.

Results

The optimal menthol concentration for peak power was between 0.01 and 0.1% (~ 6% increase, P < 0.05) and 0.5% (~ 9% increase, P < 0.05) with respect to control. Work completed was increased at 0.01% (~ 5%, P < 0.05), at 0.1% (~ 3%, P < 0.05) and had a detrimental effect at 0.5% (− 10% decrease, P < 0.05). There were no differences between an ascending dose protocol (0.01 to 0.5%), descending dose protocol (0.5–0.01%) or a constant 0.01% dose protocol. There were no reported differences in body core temperature or heart rate across trials (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The optimal dose of l-menthol when delivered via oral rinsing is between 0.01 and 0.1%. At lower concentrations, l-menthol appears to be less effective and at higher concentrations (> 0.5%) l-menthol appears to elicit greater irritation and may not positively modulate thermo-behaviour during exercise in a hot environment.
Fire and ant interactions mediated by honeydew and extrafloral nectar in an australian tropical savanna
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda M. P. , Silva Carlos H. F. , Moir Melinda L. , Leal Inara R. , Andersen Alan N.
Published: October 2024

Fire is a major disturbance affecting ecosystems globally, but its impact on mutualisms has received minimal attention. Here, we use a long-term field experiment to investigate the impact of different fire regimes on globally important ant–honeydew and ant–extrafloral nectar (EFN) mutualistic interactions in an Australian tropical savanna. These interactions provide ants with a key energy source, while their plant and hemipteran hosts receive protection services. We examined ant interactions on species of Eucalyptus (lacking EFNs) and Acacia (with EFNs) in three replicate plots each of burning every 2 and 3 years early in the dry season, burning late in the dry season every 2 years, and unburnt for > 25 years. The proportions of plants with ant–honeydew interactions in Acacia (44.6%) and Eucalyptus (36.3%) were double those of Acacia plants with ant–EFN interactions (18.9%). The most common ants, representing 85% of all interactions, were behaviourally dominant species of Oecophylla, Iridomyrmex and Papyrius. Fire promoted the incidence of ant interactions, especially those involving EFNs on Acacia, which occurred on only 3% of plants in unburnt plots compared with 24% in frequently burnt plots. Fire also promoted the relative incidence of behaviourally dominant ants, which are considered the highest quality mutualists. Contrary to expectations, frequent fire did not result in a switching of behaviourally dominant ant partners from forest-adapted Oecophylla to arid-adapted Iridomyrmex. Our findings that frequent fire increases ant interactions mediated by honeydew and extrafloral nectar, and promotes the quality of ant mutualists, have important implications for protective services provided by ants in highly fire-prone ecosystems.
Hormonal influence on maize inflorescence development and reproduction
Authors: Chaudhry Amina , Chen Zongliang , Gallavotti Andrea
Published: October 2024

Key message

Different plant hormones contribute to maize reproductive success.

Maize is a major crop species and significantly contributes directly and indirectly to human calorie uptake. Its success can be mainly attributed to its unisexual inflorescences, the tassel and the ear, whose formation is regulated by complex genetic and hormonal networks, and is influenced by environmental cues such as temperature, and nutrient and water availability. Traditional genetic analysis of classic developmental mutants, together with new molecular approaches, have shed light on many crucial aspects of maize reproductive development including the influence that phytohormones exert on key developmental steps leading to successful reproduction and seed yield. Here we will review both historical and recent findings concerning the main roles that phytohormones play in maize reproductive development, from the commitment to reproductive development to sexual reproduction.
Coccoloba uvifera L. associated with Scleroderma Bermudense Coker: a pantropical ectomycorrhizal symbiosis used in restoring of degraded coastal sand dunes
Authors: Bâ A. M. , Séne S. , Manokari M. , Galardis M. M. Bullaín , Sylla S. N. , Selosse M. A. , Shekhawat M. S.
Published: October 2024

Coccoloba uvifera L. (Polygonacaeae), named also seagrape, is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Caribbean beach tree, introduced pantropically for stabilizing coastal soils and producing edible fruits. This review covers the pantropical distribution and micropropagation of seagrape as well as genetic diversity, functional traits and use of ECM symbioses in response to salinity, both in its native regions and areas where it has been introduced. The ECM fungal diversity associated with seagrape was found to be relatively low in its region of origin, with Scleroderma bermudense Coker being the predominant fungal species. In regions of introduction, seagrape predominantly associated with Scleroderma species, whereas S. bermudense was exclusively identified in Réunion and Senegal. The introduction of S. bermudense is likely through spores adhering to the seed coats of seagrape, suggesting a vertical transmission of ECM colonization in seagrape by S. bermudense. This ECM fungus demonstrated its capacity to enhance salt tolerance in seagrape seedlings by reducing Na concentration and increasing K and Ca levels, consequently promoting higher K/Na and Ca/Na ratios in the tissues of ECM seedlings vs. non-ECM plants in nursery conditions. Moreover, the ECM symbiosis positively influenced growth, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, chlorophyll fluorescence and content, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, and water status, which improved the performance of ECM seagrape exposed to salt stress in planting conditions. The standardization of seagrape micropropagation emerges as a crucial tool for propagating homogeneous plant material in nursery and planting conditions. This review also explores the use of the ECM symbiosis between seagrape and S. bermudense as a strategy for restoring degraded coastal ecosystems in the Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and West African regions.
Oral health in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional survey in Sweden
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Burisch Johan , Pandis Nikolaos , Klinge Björn , Stavropoulos Andreas
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to assess oral health, including prevalence of periodontitis and rate of tooth loss, in a Swedish cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

A questionnaire on general anamnestic and socio-economic aspects, IBD diagnosis, and various oral health aspects was distributed online. The analyses focused on the comparison between patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) as well as on factors associated with self-reported severe periodontitis and tooth loss.

Results

Analyses were based on answers from 786 patients; 415 with UC, 371 with CD, 74% female. In both disease entities, high prevalence of severe periodontitis (i.e., 38.5%) was reported, and about 19% of the population had less than 20 remaining teeth and 6.5% a poor oral health-related quality of life. CD patients tended to be more severely affected than UC patients (p > 0.05 in the adjusted analysis). Almost 90% of CD patients were aware of being entitled to a bi-annual governmental financial support for dental care due to IBD; however, 1 out of 4 UC patients did not. Furthermore, IBD patients largely believe that the interest of their physicians in any oral lesions due to IBD diagnosis is low.

Conclusions

Severe periodontitis and high rate of tooth loss are frequent in Swedish IBD patients.

Clinical relevance

Even though IBD patients receive bi-annually some special financial support for dental care, it seems this is still not sufficient and more preventive measures appear necessary.
The diagnostic value and clinical relevance of high frequency ultrasound and shear wave elastography in systemic sclerosis: an observational monocentric study
Authors: Yu Shengnan , Peng Haiting , Yang Xiaoyun , Ma Sha , Yu Juan , Zuo Dachen , Li Fayou , Wang Juan , Yang Yonghong , Yin Zijing , Zhao Weiqing , Wang Jing
Published: October 2024

To unravel the features of skin involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) by high frequency ultrasound (HFU) and shear wave elastography (SWE). To assess the ultrasound capabilities to distinguish SSc patients from healthy controls (HCs). We recruited a cohort of SSc patients in this cross-sectional study. HFU and SWE were used to quantify skin thickness and skin stiffness. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound in SSc. The correlation analysis was used to evaluate the clinical relevance of ultrasound measurements in SSc. 20 consecutive SSc patients and 20 age-, gender- and body mass index-matched HCs were included. The skin thickness and stiffness were significantly greater in SSc patients compared with HCs. Patients with high disease activity had higher skin thickness and stiffness compared with patients with low disease activity. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the dorsum of middle fingers assessed by HFU was 0.847 (95% CI, 0.761–0.933). The AUC of the forearms and dorsum of hands assessed by SWE were 0.909 (95% CI, 0.829–0.989) and 0.879 (95% CI, 0.807–0.951). Further, the combined HFU and SWE tests displayed the best diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.980 (95% CI, 0.939–1.000). A significant positive correlation between the ultrasound measurements and the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) was observed. The application of ultrasound can assist with disease diagnosis, it is necessary to develop a standard operating protocol to help with future implementation of ultrasound in SSc.

Key Points• The application of HFU and SWE can assist with SSc diagnosis.• The skin thickness and stiffness measured by HFU and SWE positively correlate with mRSS.• HFU and SWE enable quantitative measurement of skin thickness and stiffness of different skin sites.
Long-term recurrent exposure to excessive heat in the east Mediterranean and climate resilience development – a case study in Israel
Authors: Shafran-Nathan Rakefet , Broday David M.
Published: October 2024

This work studies long-term trends of observed meteorological parameters and of exposure to excessive heat over 74 years in Israel (1950–2023). We report an increasing trend of recurring exposure of the Israeli population to excessive heat during most of the summer noon hours, with the heat index often above the physiologically no-risk threshold. Specifically, since the beginning of the millennium, a significant increase in summertime decadal means of ambient noontime temperature (Ta), absolute humidity (AH), and heat index (HI) is evident relative to the 1950’s (Ta: 0.06 °C/year, AH: 0.06 g/m3year, HI: 0.09 °C/year). The experienced increase summertime thermal discomfort by the Israeli population results from the significant and synergistic increase in co-exposure to ambient temperature and humidity. Indeed, long-term satellite data (Landsat 1984–2021) of the east Mediterranean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) reveal a significant change (SST: 0.05 °C/year), which elucidates the corresponding increase in the absolute humidity. Leishmaniasis is a climate-related vector-borne infectious disease. However, the 1956–2017 leishmaniasis incidence rates in Israel do not correlate with the significant increase in the ambient temperature and heat index, representing development of climate resilience in terms of administrated prevention measures (namely, systematic adaptation) to this climate-related disease.
Circulating tumor DNA predicts recurrence and survival in patients with resectable gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer
Authors: Iden Cecilie Riis , Mustafa Salah Mohammad , Øgaard Nadia , Henriksen Tenna , Jensen Sarah Østrup , Ahlborn Lise Barlebo , Egebjerg Kristian , Baeksgaard Lene , Garbyal Rajendra Singh , Nedergaard Mette Kjølhede , Achiam Michael Patrick , Andersen Claus Lindbjerg , Mau-Sørensen Morten
Published: October 2024

Background

Gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer represents a significant global health challenge, with high recurrence rates and poor survival outcomes. This study investigates circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a biomarker for assessing recurrence risk in patients with resectable gastric and GEJ adenocarcinomas (AC).

Methods

Patients with resectable gastric and GEJ AC, undergoing perioperative chemotherapy and surgery, were prospectively enrolled. Serial plasma samples were collected at baseline, after one cycle of chemotherapy, after preoperative chemotherapy, and after surgery. ctDNA was assessed by a ddPCR test (TriMeth), which targets the gastrointestinal cancer-specific methylation patterns of the genes C9orf50, KCNQ5, and CLIP4.

Results

ctDNA analysis was performed on 229 plasma samples from 86 patients. At baseline, ctDNA was detected in 56% of patients, which decreased to 37% following one cycle of chemotherapy, 25% after preoperative chemotherapy and 15% after surgical resection. The presence of ctDNA after one cycle of chemotherapy was associated with reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–4.85, p = 0.005) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.07–4.62, p = 0.032). Similarly, ctDNA after surgery was associated with significantly shorter RFS (HR = 6.22, 95% CI 2.39–16.2, p < 0.001) and OS (HR = 6.37, 95% CI 2.10–19.3, p = 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis confirmed ctDNA after surgery as an independent prognostic factor (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

ctDNA analysis has the potential to identify patients at elevated risk of recurrence, thus providing personalized treatment strategies for patients with resectable gastric and GEJ cancer. Further validation in larger cohorts and ctDNA-guided interventions are needed for future clinical use.
Estimating the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the older population using health screening data in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Arisa , Hirano Keita , Okuda Tadahisa , Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi , Yokoo Takashi , Fukuma Shingo
Published: October 2024

Background

In aging societies, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is expected to increase but may be underestimated because many asymptomatic patients remain undiagnosed. This study aimed to estimate the CKD prevalence among the general older population in Japan.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used health screening data from the Japan Health Insurance Association collected between April 2014 and March 2023. Data from older people aged 65–90 years who underwent renal function screening for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine protein tests were analyzed. CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria ≥ 1 + . Inverse probability weighting was used to account for the selection bias. The variables used for weighting were age, sex, insurance status, and the number of previous screenings.

Results

Among 2.98 million older individuals, 588,809 (19.7%) had undergone screening (median [IQR] age, 69.9 [67.9–76.2] years, 337,862 women [57.4%]). Regarding the weighted CKD prevalence, 25.3% of the individuals aged 65–90 years had CKD; 11.8% of those aged 65–75 years and 34.6% of those aged 75 years and over showed an increase in prevalence with age. Among the patients with CKD, over half exhibited mild renal dysfunction without proteinuria. Hypertension and diabetes were common comorbidities in older patients with CKD.

Conclusions

This cross-sectional study revealed that the weighted prevalence of CKD in the older population aged 65–90 years was high (one in four individuals), indicating that it increases with age. Further studies are required to examine the clinical significance of these findings.
Enhancing DevSecOps practice with Large Language Models and Security Chaos Engineering
Authors: Bedoya Martin , Palacios Sara , Díaz-López Daniel , Laverde Estefania , Nespoli Pantaleone
Published: October 2024

Recently, the DevSecOps practice has improved companies’ agile production of secure software, reducing problems and improving return on investment. However, overreliance on security tools and traditional security techniques can facilitate the implementation of vulnerabilities in different stages of the software lifecycle.. Thus, this paper proposes the integration of a Large Language Model to help automate threat discovery at the design stage and Security Chaos Engineering to support the identification of security flaws that may be undetected by security tools. A  specific use case is described to demonstrate how our proposal can be applied to a retail company that has the business need to produce rapidly secure software.