bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term differentiating primary human airway epithelial cell cultures: how far are we?
Authors: Bukowy-Bieryłło Zuzanna
Published: May 2021

Background

Human airway epithelial (HAE) cellular models are widely used in applicative studies of the airway physiology and disease. In vitro expanded and differentiated primary HAE cells collected from patients seem to be an accurate model of human airway, offering a quicker and cheaper alternative to the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) models. However, the biggest drawback of primary HAE models is their limited proliferative lifespan in culture. Much work has been devoted to understand the factors, which govern the HAE cell proliferation and differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. Here, I have summarized recent achievements in primary HAE culture, with the special emphasis on the models of conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRC), which allow longer in vitro proliferation and differentiation of HAE cells. The review compares the CRC HAE technique variants (feeder culture or HAE mono-culture), based on recently published studies exploiting this model. The advantages and limitations of each CRC HAE model variant are summarized, along with the description of other factors affecting the CRC HAE culture success (tissue type, sampling method, sample quality).

Conclusions

CRC HAE cultures are a useful technique in respiratory research, which in many cases exceeds the iPSCs and organoid culture methods. Until the current limitations of the iPSCs and organoid culture methods will be alleviated, the primary CRC HAE cultures might be a useful model in respiratory research.

Plain English summary

Airway epithelium (AE) is a type of tissue, which lines the whole length of human airways, from the nose to the bronchi. Improper functioning of AE causes several human airway disorders, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cystic fibrosis (CF). Much work has been devoted to finding the best scientific model of human AE, in order to learn about its functioning in health and disease. Among the popular AE models are the primary in vitro cultured AE cells collected from human donors. Unfortunately, such human AE (HAE) cells do not easily divide (expand) in vitro; this poses a large logistic and ethical problem for the researchers. Here, I summarize recent achievements in the methods for in vitro culture of human AE cells, with special emphasis on the conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) models, which allow longer and more effective expansion of primary human AE cells in vitro. The review describes how the specific chemicals used in the CRC models work to allow the increased HAE divisions and compares the effects of the different so-far developed variants of the CRC HAE culture. The review also pinpoints the areas which need to be refined, in order to maximize the usefulness of the CRC AE cultures from human donors in research on human airway disorders.
Identification of tick-borne pathogens by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in Dermacentor nuttalli and Ixodes persulcatus in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Jiao Jun , Lu Zhiyu , Yu Yonghui , Ou Yangxuan , Fu Mengjiao , Zhao Yuee , Wu Nier , Zhao Mingliang , Liu Yan , Sun Yi , Wen Bohai , Zhou Dongsheng , Yuan Qinghong , Xiong Xiaolu
Published: May 2021

Background

Hard ticks act as arthropod vectors in the transmission of human and animal pathogens and are widely distributed in northern China. The aim of this study is to screen the important tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) carried by hard ticks in Inner Mongolia using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and to estimate the risk of human infection imposed by tick bites.

Methods

The adult Dermacentor nuttalli (n = 203) and Ixodes persulcatus (n = 36) ticks feeding on cattle were collected. The pooled DNA samples prepared from these ticks were sequenced as the templates for mNGS to survey the presence of TBPs at the genus level. Individual tick DNA samples were detected by genus--specific or group-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of these TBPs and combined with DNA sequencing assay to confirm the results of mNGS.

Results

R. raoultii (45.32%, 92/203), Candidatus R. tarasevichiae (5.42%, 11/203), Anaplasma sp. Mongolia (26.60%, 54/203), Coxiella-like endosymbiont (CLE) (53.69%, 109/203), and Babesia venatorum (7.88%, 16/203) were detected in D. nuttalli, while R. raoultii (30.56%, 11/36), Anaplasma sp. Mongolia (27.80%, 10/36), and CLE (27.80%, 10/36) were detected in I. persulcatus. The double- and triple-pathogen/endosymbiont co-infections were detected in 40.39% of D. nuttalli and 13.89% of I. persulcatus, respectively. The dual co-infection with R. raoultii and CLE (14.29%, 29/203) and triple co-infection with R. raoultii, Anaplasma sp. Mongolia, and CLE (13.79%, 28/203) were most frequent in D. nuttalli.

Conclusions

This study provides insight into the microbial diversity of D. nuttalli and I. persulcatus in Inner Mongolia, China, reporting for the first time that Candidatus R. tarasevichiae had been found in D. nuttalli in China, and for the first time in the world that Anaplasma sp. Mongolia has been detected in I. persulcatus. This study proves that various vertically transmitted pathogens co-inhabit D. nuttalli and I. persulcatus, and indicates that cattle in Inner Mongolia are exposed to several TBPs.

Graphical Abstract
Alternative Implantation Site of Intrathecal Pump in the Submuscular Plane of the Pectoralis Major Muscle: A Case Report
Authors: Patel Ankur A. , Patel Chandni B. , Shah Neal A. , Jassal Navdeep S. , Padalia Devang M.
Published: May 2021

An intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) has been widely utilized in the management of chronic pain and spasticity when oral pharmacologic agents are deemed ineffective. Typically, intrathecal pumps are implanted in the abdominal region; however, previous case reports have described nontraditional pump implantation sites, such as anterior thigh, gluteal region, and iliac fossa. Adding to the growing literature of alternative implantation sites, this case report discusses the implantation of the pump into the submuscular plane of the pectoralis major muscle and reviews the advantages and disadvantages of this location.
Inferior Vena Cava Leiomyosarcoma With Extension to Right Atrium in a Parturient at 30 Weeks of Gestation: A Case Report
Authors: Lu Samantha F. , McCrory Emery H. , Bandi Rachel H. , Cassimatis Irina R. , Lange Elizabeth M. S.
Published: May 2021

Primary leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare sarcomas, none of which have been described in literature during a third-trimester pregnancy. Here, we describe the complex care of a patient at 30 weeks of gestation who presented to her obstetrician with shortness of breath and lower extremity swelling. She was found to have a 5.0 × 5.0 × 13 cm heterogeneous mass of her IVC, ultimately diagnosed as a leiomyosarcoma. She underwent a cesarean delivery under combined spinal epidural and a subsequent tumor resection and IVC reconstruction requiring multidisciplinary surgical and anesthetic care.
Revolution after Revolution
Authors: Abourahme Nasser
Published: May 2021

What is a revolution that neither overthrows a state order nor institutes a lasting one of its own? What happens if we disassociate revolution—the novel beginning, the break, the upending of order, the social transformation—from the movement of historical necessity that marks it even among the left, and open it instead onto those cases of anticolonial politics that did not play out, at least initially, as a desire for the forward march of progress and its terminus in the state form? In these cases, how do we move past the language, or more precisely, the grammar of failure when talking about revolution? What if the Palestinian Revolution, whose fate follows the rise and waning of tricontinental Third Worldism, might be read not as the defeated end of a revolutionary historical arc but as the start of a line of flight? This essay makes two points. First, what was revolutionary about the Palestinian anticolonial experience was neither the spectacularity of its armed insurrection nor its call for radical equality but its capacity to creatively make autonomous territory and declare communes. Second, reading this history poses questions about what a renewed encounter between the revolution concept and the anticolonial imperative might once again do.
K. Sello Duiker and the Possibility of a Different Future in The Quiet Violence of Dreams
Authors: Nthunya Manosa
Published: May 2021

In this paper I argue that K. Sello Duiker's novel The Quiet Violence of Dreams (2001) invites readers to think differently about the future and its inherently unknown possibilities. It will argue that even though Lee Edelman has written in No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive (2004) that futurity is fundamentally permeated with notions of heteronormativity, that the future can in fact still be understood outside this framework. It will make use of José Esteban Muñoz's understanding of futurity in Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity (2009) to argue that queerness is that which has not yet happened. Duiker's novel is preoccupied with the question of the future and its possibilities within a post-apartheid setting. Even though its protagonist, Tshepo, has a deeply traumatic history, the events and the people that he comes across challenge his perception of himself as he begins to reimagine what it means to be human in a post-colonial setting.
Cuba and Bernie Sanders: Analysis of the Online Media Discourse at a Crucial Moment of the 2020 Democratic Nomination Race
Authors: González Yoan Karell Acosta
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the way Cuba was represented in noticeable online media in connection with Bernie Sanders’ aspirations to become the Democratic nominee for the 2020 presidential election. Traditional anticommunism and a historical one-sided view on Cuba in the press, as well as widespread conceptual confusion about “socialism” in US society, converged against Sanders over the run-up to the nomination, especially at a crucial moment in February 2020 when he was the frontrunner and was interviewed by CBS. The paper analyses the reaction of the online press to Sanders’ comments on Cuba during the interview, but also considers other US press reports during 2019 as well as specialised literature on the topic. Discourse Analysis parameters are brought forward to highlight ideological discourse representations in the media.
Estimating direct and spill-over impacts of political elections on COVID-19 transmission using synthetic control methods
Authors: Lim Jue Tao , Maung Kenwin , Tan Sok Teng , Ong Suan Ee , Lim Jane Mingjie , Koo Joel Ruihan , Sun Haoyang , Park Minah , Tan Ken Wei , Yoong Joanne , Cook Alex R. , Dickens Borame Sue Lee
Published: May 2021

Mass gathering events have been identified as high-risk environments for community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Empirical estimates of their direct and spill-over effects however remain challenging to identify. In this study, we propose the use of a novel synthetic control framework to obtain causal estimates for direct and spill-over impacts of these events. The Sabah state elections in Malaysia were used as an example for our proposed methodology and we investigate the event’s spatial and temporal impacts on COVID-19 transmission. Results indicate an estimated (i) 70.0% of COVID-19 case counts within Sabah post-state election were attributable to the election’s direct effect; (ii) 64.4% of COVID-19 cases in the rest of Malaysia post-state election were attributable to the election’s spill-over effects. Sensitivity analysis was further conducted by examining epidemiological pre-trends, surveillance efforts, varying synthetic control matching characteristics and spill-over specifications. We demonstrate that our estimates are not due to pre-existing epidemiological trends, surveillance efforts, and/or preventive policies. These estimates highlight the potential of mass gatherings in one region to spill-over into an outbreak of national scale. Relaxations of mass gathering restrictions must therefore be carefully considered, even in the context of low community transmission and enforcement of safe distancing guidelines.
One Health approach for elimination of human anthrax in a tribal district of Odisha: Study protocol
Authors: Bhattacharya Debdutta , Kshatri Jaya Singh , Choudhary Hari Ram , Parai Debaprasad , Shandilya Jyoti , Mansingh Asit , Pattnaik Matrujyoti , Mishra Kaushik , Padhi Shakti Prakash , Padhi Arun , Pati Sanghamitra
Published: May 2021

Background

Anthrax is a major but neglected zoonotic disease of public health concern in India with Odisha contributing a major share to the disease burden. Bacillus anthracis spores can be found naturally in soil and commonly affect both animals and humans around the world. Domestic and wild animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and deer can become infected when they inhale or ingest spores from contaminated soil, plants, or water. Anthrax can be fatal if patients are not treated promptly with antibiotics. This protocol aims to describe the implementation and evaluation of the ‘One Health’ intervention model based on the principles of Theory of Change (ToC) to eliminate human anthrax from a tribal district in Odisha, India.

Methods

This study would test the effectiveness of a complex public health intervention package developed using the ToC framework for the elimination of human anthrax in Koraput district by a comparative analysis of baseline and end-line data. We plan to enroll 2640 adults across 14 geographically divided blocks in Koraput district of Odisha for baseline and end-line surveys. After baseline, we would provide capacity building training to stakeholders from the department of health, veterinary, forest, academic and allied health institutions followed by workshops on sensitization and awareness through IEC (Information Education Communication)/BCC (Behavior Change Communication) activities in the community. We would establish a state-level laboratory facility as a robust system for timely diagnosis and management of human anthrax cases. Surveillance network will be strengthened to track the cases in early stage and risk zoning will be done for focused surveillance in endemic areas. Advocacy with district level administration will be done for maximizing the coverage of livestock vaccination in the entire district. Interdepartmental coordination would be established for the effective implementation of the intervention package.

Conclusion

This would be a first study applying One Health concept for the elimination of human anthrax in India. The findings from this study will offer important insights for policy-making and further replication in other endemic regions of the state and country.

Trial registration

The authors confirm that all ongoing and related trials for this intervention are prospectively registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India [CTRI/2020/05/025325] on 22 May 2020.
Association between longitudinal blood pressure and prognosis after treatment of cerebral aneurysm: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Kim Jinkwon , Kim Jang Hoon , Lee Hye Sun , Suh Sang Hyun , Lee Kyung-Yul
Published: May 2021

Background

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for the development and rupture of cerebral aneurysm. Endovascular coil embolization and surgical clipping are established procedures to treat cerebral aneurysm. However, longitudinal data of blood pressure after the treatment of cerebral aneurysm and its impact on long-term prognosis are not well known.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 1275 patients who underwent endovascular coil embolization (n = 558) or surgical clipping (n = 717) of cerebral aneurysm in 2002–2015 using the nationwide health screening database of Korea. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of patients were repeatedly obtained from the nationwide health screening program. We performed a multivariate time-dependent Cox regression analysis of the primary composite outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause death.

Results

During the mean follow-up period of 6.13 ± 3.41 years, 89 patients suffered the primary outcome. Among the total 3546 times of blood pressure measurement, uncontrolled high blood pressure (systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic ≥90 mmHg) was 22.9%. There was a significantly increased risk of primary outcome with high systolic (adjusted HR [95% CI] per 10 mmHg, 1.16 [1.01–1.35]) and diastolic (adjusted HR [95% CI] per 10 mmHg, 1.32 [1.06–1.64]) blood pressure.

Conclusions

High blood pressure is prevalent even in patients who received treatment for cerebral aneurysm, which is significantly associated with poor outcome. Strict control of high blood pressure may further improve the prognosis of patients with cerebral aneurysm.
A new species of Chlamydia isolated from Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis)
Authors: Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan Somjit , Thongdee Metawee , Anuntakarun Songtham , Payungporn Sunchai , Arya Nlin , Punchukrang Apichart , Ramasoota Pongrama , Singhakaew Sombat , Atithep Thassanant , Sariya Ladawan
Published: May 2021

Chlamydia is a known pathogen in both saltwater and freshwater crocodiles. However, the exact species/strain has not been clearly identified. In this study, we successfully cultivated Siamese crocodile Chlamydia in McCoy cells at a temperature of 30°C. Electron microscopy; phylogeny based on nine conserved taxonomically informative markers, on ompA, or on seven housekeeping genes; and whole-genome sequencing and analysis of the isolate confirmed the identity of the isolate as a new member of the genus Chlamydia, a new species that we name Chlamydia crocodili.
Hydrological and topographic determinants of biomass and species richness in a Mediterranean-climate shrubland
Authors: Díaz de León-Guerrero Samantha , Méndez-Alonzo Rodrigo , Bullock Stephen H. , Vivoni Enrique R.
Published: May 2021

Background

In arid and semiarid shrublands, water availability directly influences ecosystem properties. However, few empirical tests have determined the association between particular soil and hydrology traits with biodiversity and ecosystem biomass at the local scale.

Methods

We tested if plant species richness (S) and aboveground biomass (AGB) were associated with soil and topographic properties on 36 plots (ca. 12.5 m2) in 17 hectares of chaparral in the Mediterranean-climate of Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, México. We used close-to-the-ground aerial photography to quantify sky-view cover per species, including all growth forms. We derived an elevation model (5 cm) from other aerial imagery. We estimated six soil properties (soil water potential, organic matter content, water content, pH, total dissolved solids concentration, and texture) and four landscape metrics (slope, aspect, elevation, and topographic index) for the 36 plots. We quantified the biomass of stems, leaves, and reproductive structures, per species.

Results

86% of AGB was in stems, while non-woody species represented 0.7% of AGB but comprised 38% ofS(29 species). Aboveground biomass and species richness were unrelated across the landscape.Swas correlated with aspect and elevation (R= 0.53, aspectP= 0.035, elevationP= 0.05), while AGB (0.006–9.17 Kg m-2) increased with soil water potential and clay content (R= 0.51,P= 0.02, andP= 0.04). Only three species (11% of totalS) occupied 65% of the total plant cover, and the remaining 26 represented only 35%. Cover was negatively correlated withS(R= -0.38,P= 0.02). 75% of AGB was concentrated in 30% of the 36 plots, and 96% of AGB corresponded to only 20% of 29 species.

Discussion

At the scale of small plots in our studied Mediterranean-climate shrubland in Baja California, AGB was most affected by soil water storage. AGB and cover were dominated by a few species, and only cover was negatively related toS.Swas comprised mostly by uncommon species and tended to increase as plant cover decreased.
Assessing attitudes to ED-based HIV testing: Development of a short-structured survey instrument
Authors: Rao Aditi , Nagourney Emily M. , Chen Victoria H. , Hill Sarah , Klein Eili Y. , Whalen Madeleine , Quinn Thomas C. , Hansoti Bhakti
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Emergency Department (ED)-based HIV counseling and testing (HCT) has had a significant impact on improving rates of HIV diagnosis and linkage to care. Unfortunately, expansion of this strategy to low- and middle-income countries has been limited. Successful implementation of ED-based HCT is dependent on patient and provider acceptance of the intervention, and their attitudes and pre-existing biases towards the disease. This study sought to develop validated survey instruments to assess attitudes towards ED-based HCT.

Methods

This cross-sectional study surveyed patients and providers in three EDs in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. A convenience sample of patients and providers in the ED were surveyed. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using questions on attitudes to HIV testing to develop validated survey instruments. An ANOVA test assessed variance in attitudes towards HCT based on demographic variables collected.

Results

A total of 104 patient and 132 provider surveys were completed. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 17- and 7-question attitudes survey for patients and providers, respectively. Overall, 92.3% of patients and 70.7% of providers supported ED-based HCT, however, both groups displayed only mildly positive attitudes. Questions representing ‘confidentiality’ and ‘stigma around HIV testing’ had the least positive influence on patients’ overall attitudes. Questions representing ‘comfort with HIV testing’ had the least positive influence on providers’ overall attitudes.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated ED patients and providers are generally supportive of ED-based HCT. A validated survey instrument was able to provide a standardized approach to identify barriers to HCT implementation in an ED setting, across contexts. For successful implementation, behavioral interventions must focus on strengthening patient beliefs around confidentiality and the consent process, and providers’ comfort levels with providing HIV testing services in the ED.
Characterization of a L136P mutation in Formin-like 2 (FMNL2) from a patient with chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Trefzer Raphael , Elpeleg Orly , Gabrusskaya Tatyana , Stepensky Polina , Mor-Shaked Hagar , Grosse Robert , Brandt Dominique T.
Published: May 2021

Diaphanous related formins are highly conserved proteins regulated by Rho-GTPases that act as actin nucleation and assembly factors. Here we report the functional characterization of a non-inherited heterozygous FMNL2 p.L136P mutation carried by a patient who presented with severe very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We found that the FMNL2 L136P protein displayed subcellular mislocalization and deregulated protein autoinhibition indicating gain-of-function mechanism. Expression of FMNL2 L136P impaired cell spreading as well as filopodia formation. THP-1 macrophages expressing FMNL2 L136P revealed dysregulated podosome formation and a defect in matrix degradation. Our data indicate that the L136P mutation affects cellular actin dynamics in fibroblasts and immune cells such as macrophages.
Corneal stromal roughness after VisuMax and Intralase femtosecond laser photodisruption: An atomic force microscopy study
Authors: Gros-Otero Juan , Ketabi Samira , Cañones-Zafra Rafael , Garcia-Gonzalez Montserrat , Villa-Collar Cesar , Casado Santiago , Teus Miguel A.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To compare the induced corneal stromal bed roughness measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM) after LASIK flap creation with the IntraLase 60 kHz and the VisuMax femtosecond laser platforms.

Methods

Three freshly enucleated porcine eyes were operated with each femtosecond laser in this experimental study. Standard LASIK treatment parameters were used for the experiment. After LASIK flap creation, the corneal stromal roughness was assessed using a JPK NanoWizard II® AFM in contact mode immersed in liquid. Olympus OMCL-RC800PSA commercial silicon nitride cantilever tips were used. Surface measurements were made in 10 regions of the central cornea of each sample measuring 20 x 20 microns, at 512 x 512 point resolution. Roughness was measured using the root-mean-square (RMS) value within the given regions.

Results

Measurements from 30 regions of the 3 eyes (10 measurements per eye) in the Intralase (FS1) group, and 30 regions of the 3 eyes (10 measurements per eye) in the VisuMax (FS2) group were analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference in mean ± standard deviation RMS values between the FS1 and the FS2 groups (360 ± 120 versus 230 ± 100 nm respectively; P< 0.00001).

Conclusion

This AFM study indicates that the surface of the stromal bed after LASIK flap creation is smoother in the FS2 group than the FS1 group.
Does the ATAR Predict Pre-service Teacher Capacity for Inclusive Classroom Practice? Classroom Practice?
Authors:   Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Auhl Greg , Bain Alan ,   Charles Sturt University, Bathurst
Published: May 2021

In this study, we examined whether the Australian Tertiary Admissions Rank (ATAR) predicted pre-service teachers' schema development for inclusive classroom teaching. Where previous studies have employed grade point average (GPA) as a criterion measure, this study employed a validated measure linked to standards-based classroom practice. The study was conducted in the final semester of the teacher education programs at three Australian universities. The results showed the explanatory power of the ATAR was close to zero for the students studied. The implications of the findings for teacher education and for using the ATAR as an indicator of teacher quality are discussed.
COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study (C19 ISWS) in Hungary
Authors: Arnold Petra , Elekes Zsuzsanna , Czibere Ibolya , Vincze Anikó , Csizmady Adrienne , Lukács Andrea
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has had great psychological and social impacts,
not just on the marginalized population but on the general population as well
(Wang et al. 2020). Changing life circumstances and daily routines, job losses,
an uncertain existence, etc. make people’s lives more difficult. The COVID-19
outbreak is likely to have a notable impact on student life as well, as the latter
have had to face many challenges (Sahu 2020) such as studying via e-learning
methods, online exams, possibly losing their jobs, and financial problems (such
as paying tuition fees). International students have moved back to their homeland
or live in an isolated way in student hostels, maintaining social distance far
away from their families and close friends. So far, only a few studies have been carried out to analyze how COVID-19 has affected students’ lives (Sahu 2020,
Wenjun et al. 2020, Wong et al. 2007).
Some Pandemic Reflections on the „Sociology at the Dawn of a Successful Century?” Conference
Authors: Kiss Márta , Perpék Éva
Published: May 2021

The Centre for Social Sciences (Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of
Excellence) held a conference entitled Sociology at the Dawn of a Successful
Century? on October 8-9, 2020 in Budapest. The concept of the conference was
built around Dénes Némedi’s 20-year-old article and its updates. The ambitious
goal of the organizers was nothing less than to review the state of Hungarian
sociology and its latest research results. In this spirit, the plenary speaker, Károly
Takács (Linköping University and CSS-RECENS, Centre for Social Sciences),
first approached this complex subject from the perspective of teaching sociology,
and then – among other things – argued for a reflexive sociology.
The review of the current state of science inevitably had to focus on the
COVID-19 epidemic and its social impacts as well. Accordingly, out of a total
of 24 sections and more than a hundred talks, two separate sections and ten
presentations were explicitly devoted to analyzing the social implications of the
coronavirus. The presentations were commented on by invited speakers, and
there was vibrant scientific dialogue in both panels.
Europäisierung des Gedenkens?
Authors: Heß Judith
Published: May 2021

Gaskrieg und Schützengräben prägen die Geschichtsbilder des Ersten Weltkrieges und unterliegen nationalen geschichtspolitischen Deutungen. In Zeiten jedoch, in denen die Einheit Europas beschworen wird, drängt sich die Frage nach einer Europäisierung der Erinnerung an den Ersten Weltkrieg auf. Die Studie von Judith Heß fasst namhafte deutsche und britische Museen wie das Deutsche Historische Museum und das Imperial War Museum als selbstständige geschichtspolitische Akteure im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft und Politik. Es zeigt sich: Wirkmächtige nationale Erinnerungskulturen erschweren eine gemeinsame europäische Erinnerung.
Expert*innendissens und das reversible Verfahren der Suche nach einem Endlagerstandort für hochradioaktive Abfälle
Authors: Chaudry Saleem , Seidl Roman
Published: May 2021

Durch ein gesetzlich geregeltes Verfahren soll derzeit der Standort gefunden werden, der die bestmögliche Sicherheit zur Entsorgung der hochradioaktiven Abfälle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bietet. Das Standortauswahlverfahren soll lernend, selbsthinterfragend, und damit reversibel sein. Das Feld ist von vielfältigem Expertenwissen und -handeln geprägt. Änderungen im reversibel gestalteten Verfahrensablaufdurch Erkenntnisgewinn oderNeubewertung bestehenden Wissens sind zu erwarten. Dissens zwischen Experten kann in diesem Zusammenhang eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Um Handlungsempfehlungen für reversible Verfahren im Allgemeinen und das Standortauswahlverfahren im Besonderen zu formulieren, müssen die Mechanismen und Wirkungen von Expertendissensen besser verstanden werden. So kann Dissens über den wissenschaftlichen Status-Quo fruchtbar sein, da er Unsicherheiten imWissen aufdeckt und neue Forschung ermöglicht. Andererseits kann er bei Bürgern und Entscheidern zu Verunsicherung führen. Expertendissens kann darüber hinaus instrumentell eingesetzt werden, um beispielsweise politische Ziele zu verfolgen. Im Hinblick aufdie Reversibilität des Standortauswahlverfahrens soll dieser Beitrag klären helfen, ob und wie Expertendissens aufEntscheidungsprozesse Wirkung entfalten kann. Dazu werden eine Definition von Expertendissens basierend aufSekundärliteratur erarbeitet sowie das Konzept der Reversibilität näher beschrieben. Das im StandAG festgehaltene Reversibilitätsverständnis wird anderen Ansätzen aus verschiedenen Disziplinen gegenübergestellt. Anhand historischer Fälle von Expertendissens im Rahmen von Endlagerprojekten wird eine Typologie entwickelt und untersucht, ob und wie diese historischen Dissense Wirkung im jeweiligen Kontext entfaltet haben. Zudem wird geprüft, welche Lehren daraus für das Standortauswahlverfahren gezogen werden können.
Verkomplizierung der Möglichkeiten: Gegenwartskunst, Epistemologie, Wissenspolitik
Authors: Holert Tom
Published: May 2021

Die Position der 'Kunst' im Sinne der globalen Gegenwartskunst einzunehmen, ist als solche widersprüchlich und problematisch. Seit etwa 2009/10 wirken Fragen des Wissens, einer globalen Wissenspolitik und der Pluralität oder Diversität der Epistemologien, also der nicht länger im Sinne eines universellen abendländischen Rationalitäts- und Wissenschaftsverständnisses abzuhandelnden nichtwestlichen Wissensformen, auf die Selbstverständigung der Akteur_innen in weiten Teilen der Gegenwartskunst ein. In diesem Sinne wären die Politiken des Wissens auch Operationen an den ontologischen und epistemologischen Prämissen einer immer weiter in Richtung Welt(markt)kunst, global art, neuem Internationalismus tendierenden Entwicklung.
We Have Always Been Geohackers
Authors: Pritchard Helen , Rocha Jara , Snelting Femke
Published: May 2021

Possible Bodies is a collaborative inquiry into the concrete and at the same time fictional entities of so-called bodies. The research collective asks what material-cultural conditions of possibility render »bodies« volumetrically present, specifically in the context of technologies and techniques of 3-D-tracking, modeling, rendering, and scanning. Although different volumetric technologies are situated in specific domains and regimes, their knowledge practices persistently affect and confirm each other. Possible Bodies has grown convinced that this circulated unfolding contributes to the crystallization of standard operations that are primarily informed by a hegemonic interest in efficiency, control, probability, and optimization. In response to this we propose that these standard operations call for there to be an affirmative form of responsibility-taking, one that might generate other figures and operations.
Моральная оценка себя: разработка и апробация русскоязычного инструментария
Authors: Настина Екатерина Александровна , Девятко Инна Феликсовна
Published: May 2021

Оценка человеком самого себя как морального субъекта представляется важным предиктором социального поведения индивида, его установок и качества жизни, а также позволяет пролить свет на механизмы конструирования, поддержания и защиты моральной Я-схемы как особого вида социальной идентичности. В рамках двухэтапного эксперимента нами были разработаны и апробированы инструменты для измерения моральной самооценки: шкала моральных конструктов с использованием техники репертуарных решеток в идиографической (ШМК-И) и конвенциональной (ШМК-К) версии, заведомо адаптированные для русскоязычных респондентов. Обнаружены значимые связи в предсказанном направлении обеих версий инструмента с подшкалой морального самоодобрения, а также с теоретически релевантными конструктами (общая самооценка, удовлетворенность жизнью, моральные эмоции вины и стыда), что служит свидетельством в пользу их валидности, однако паттерны отношений указывают на то, что речь может идти о разных типах или компонентах моральной оценки себя. Отмечается многокомпонентность обеих версий ШМК, отражающая их большую чувствительность в сравнении с предшествующими инструментами для измерения моральной идентичности и самооценки. Обсуждаются некоторые возможные направления для будущих исследований с использованием предложенного инструментария.
Возможности применения эго-сетевого анализа для изучения распространения моральной паники на межиндивидуальном уровне
Authors: Михайлова Оксана Рудольфовна
Published: May 2021

Моральная паника возникает в результате веры в существование людей, поведение которых якобы не согласуется с текущими моральными нормами и тем самым угрожает сохранности социума. Будучи предложенным С. Коэном в конце XX века, это понятие не нашло устойчивого места в лексиконе социальных наук, в том числе из-за трудностей его операционализации и последующего измерения.
В статье мы обсуждаем перспективы, открываемые перед исследованиями моральной паники эго-сетевым анализом. Мы опираемся на определение данного понятия через веру в современную легенду и используем социально-психологический подход к его изучению. На примере моральной паники относительно ожирения мы подробно анализируем методические решения, которые требуется принять при сборе и анализе данных с использованием эго-сетей в рамках биографических интервью. В заключение делаются выводы относительно преимуществ, которыми обладает предложенная в статье методология, и обсуждаются методические и теоретические вопросы, решение которых необходимо для ее полноценного использования.
Благодарность. Автор выражает благодарность Быкову Андрею Вячеславовичу за комментарии и советы при подготовке статьи, которые поспособствовали повышению ее качества.
Проблематика доверия в социологии медицины
Authors: Богдан Игнат Викторович , Чистякова Дарья Павловна , Праведников Александр Владимирович
Published: May 2021

На материалах онлайн форума «Социология здоровья: здравоохранение, которому доверяют» (Москва, ноябрь 2020) в статье рассматриваются актуальные аспекты тематики доверия в здравоохранении. На основе анализа выступлений экспертов авторы выделяют детерминанты и основных субъектов доверия; описывают мифы, существующие в различных областях медицины и подрывающие доверие; рассматривают практики и принципы управления лояльностью в медицинских организациях. Отдельное внимание уделяется прикладным аспектам применения социологического знания в управлении здравоохранением. В заключении статьи в обобщенном виде представлены актуальные направления исследований доверия в социологии медицины.
«Хорошими делами прославиться нельзя»: проблемы репрезентации в СМИ деятельности некоммерческого сектора во время пандемии COVID-19 в России
Authors: Сапонова Анастасия Владимировна , Задорин Игорь Вениаминович
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности репрезентации третьего сектора в российских СМИ в период пандемии COVID-19. Исследование выполнено в количественной парадигме (N = 1535).  Для повышения уровня надежности получаемых данных были применены метод контент-анализа (ручной кодировки) и методы автоматизированного анализа текстов (сетевой анализ и тематическое моделирование). Авторы приходят к выводу, что в современной российской медиасистеме, которая находится под давлением как государственных структур, так и коммерческих интересов, внимание к некоммерческому сектору оказывается фрагментарным и ситуативным. Сектор не представляется как цельный социальный институт, а в фокус внимания медиа попадают либо отдельные события, затрагивающие сенситивные, близкие читателю темы (в случае с COVID-19 еще и актуальные), либо заведомо известные публичные фигуры, аффилированные с сектором. В свою очередь интенсивность освещения деятельности НКО может являться одной из особенностей, характерной для развитых медиасистем. В статье показано, что СМИ регионов с высокими показателями Индекса развития медиасферы чаще освещают деятельность некоммерческого сектора, чем СМИ, представляющие регионы с менее развитыми медиасистемами.
Благодарность: Исследовательский проект выполнен Исследовательской группой «ЦИРКОН» по заказу Агентства социальной информации (АСИ) при поддержке Благотворительного фонда Владимира Потанина и Фонда президентских грантов в сентябре−октябре 2020 г.
The “negative end” of change in grammar: terminology, concepts and causes
Authors: Rudnicka Karolina
Published: May 2021

The topic of the “negative end” of change is, unlike the fields of innovation and emergence, largely under-researched. Yet, it has lately started to increasingly gain attention from language scholars worldwide. The main focus of this article is threefold, namely to discuss (i) the terminology, (ii) the concepts, and (iii) the causes associated with the “negative end” of change in grammar. The article begins with an overview of research conducted on the topic. It then moves to situating phenomena referred to asloss,declineorobsolescenceamong processes of language change before elaborating on the terminology and concepts behind it. The last part of the paper looks at possible causes for constructions to display a gradual or rapid, but very consistent decrease in the frequency of use over time, which continues until the construction disappears or until there are only residual or fossilised forms left.
Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic filter paper with improved durability and water repellency
Authors: Sha Lizheng , Ma Chao , Zhao Huifang , Qiu Supeng , Yan Zhongyu , Guo Daliang
Published: May 2021

Superhydrophobic surfaces have high potential in self-cleaning and oil-water separation applications. We developed a three-step method for the preparation of superhydrophobic filter paper. It involved citric acid (CA) pretreatment to activate cellulose fibers, coating with cellulose nanofibrils/functionalized silica (CNFs/m-SiO2) slurry to increase surface roughness, and grafting of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) to enhance water resistance. The water contact angle (WCA) and siding angle (SA) of the prepared filter paper reached 151.5° and 7.5°, respectively. The results showed that, compared to the coated filter paper without the added CNFs, the coated paper with CNFs had higher retention of m-SiO2, thus roughness required for superhydrophobic surface was achieved. Further test under frequent abrasion and acid or alkali conditions showed that CA pretreatment improved the durability of superhydrophobic filter paper due to chemical crosslinking between the modified substrate and m-SiO2. Besides, the prepared superhydrophobic filter paper had outstanding self-cleaning property and high oil-water separation efficiency for various oil-water mixtures. Therefore, it is expected to be used for the treatment of oily wastewater.
Raumformen und Methoden der Raumverbindung in der antiken römischen Baukunft
Authors: Hajnóczy Gyula
Published: May 2021

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Beiträge zu der spätbronzezeitlichen Geschichte Nordungarns
Authors: Kemenczei Tibor
Published: May 2021

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Lapis terminalis Pusztasomodorról (Ein Lapis Terminalis aus Pusztasomodor)
Authors: Mócsy András
Published: May 2021

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Scrutiny or Complacency? Banking Union in the Bundestag and the Assemblée Nationale
Authors: Högenauer Anna-Lena
Published: May 2021

The financial and eurozone crises highlighted the inadequacy of the original governance structures of the eurozone. In response, a range of reforms were launched, including the creation of a European banking union. In practice, some elements of the banking union were delayed by division among member states and the breakdown of the Franco-German motor, such as the question of the operationalization of the single resolution mechanism and fund or the deposit insurance scheme. In addition, eurozone governance—which would once have been regarded as a technocratic issue—became increasingly politicized. The aim of this article is to study the extent to which the banking union was scrutinized by parliament and to what degree this reflects material interests and ideas. For this purpose, it focuses on salience (i.e., how much attention the issue received) and polarization (i.e., the divergence of positions). The analysis of the resolutions and debates of the German Bundestag and French Assemblée Nationale, i.e., the parliaments of two key states in EU decision-making on banking union, finds that the German government was indeed closely scrutinized, whereas the French government was relatively unconstrained.
Reforming the Institutions of Eurozone Governance
Authors: Högenauer Anna-Lena , Rehm Moritz
Published: May 2021

The Eurozone has faced repeated crises and has experienced profound transformations in the past years. This thematic issue seeks to address the questions arising from the changing governance structure of the Eurozone. First, how have the negotiations, pressures of the crises and reforms impacted the relationships between key actors like EU institutions and Member States? Second, where did national positions come from and what role did domestic politics play in the negotiations? And finally, to what extent has the evolution of Eurozone governance left room for adequate control mechanisms and democratic debate? The articles in this issue highlight the developing role of Member States, domestic politics and democratic and legal control mechanisms.
MODERN APPROACHES OF STUDENT'S SOCIAL HEALTH FORMATION IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Babych Vjacheslav , Dubovoi Оleksandr , Savchenko Serhii , Kurilo Vitalii , Kharchenko Serhii , Zaitsev Volodymyr
Published: May 2021

Objective: to ascertain the influence of the updated Physical Education syllabus in the context of forming social health of secondary school students, as well as motivation of schoolchildren for Physical Education classes. Material: 457 school students (230 females and 227 males) of the 6th and 7th grades (aged 12-13) from different regions of Ukraine were respondents of the survey. Method: observation, interviews and the authors’ questionnaires (‘Interest in Physical Education’with the use of customized tests by M. Ginzburg (Zaniuk, 2002), questionnaires ‘value orientations’ by M. Rokeach (Rozov, 2005), ‘Orientation towards Increasing Social Health of a Person’, as well as a questionnaire on the need of accomplishments by Yu. Orlov and Reyzas Assertiveness Schedule (Big Encyclopedia of Psychological Tests, 2007).Results: It was discovered that in 2008-2009 only 23.7% of schoolchildren liked physical education classes. Within this period of time, 18.5% of school students had a high level of orientation towards improving their own social health. The corrections made in 2012 to Physical Education syllabus contributed to an increase in the number of school students with a high level of motivation for Physical Education classes(+ 41.7%), as well as the number of students who had a high level of orientation towards improving their own social health (+23.3%). Positive changes were also recorded after the improvement of Physical Education syllabus in 2017 (under conditions of Physical Education reformation in Ukraine). The number of schoolchildren with a high level of motivation for Physical Education classes increased by 10.5% compared with the results recorded in 2012-2016. The number of students aimed at improving their own state of social health increased by 17.1%.The content of Physical Education syllabus of years 2012 and 2017 has significant advantages over the syllabus of the Soviet times in the context of developing students’ desire to be engaged in Physical Education on the whole and improve their own level of social health in particular. It is characterized by the improvement of the system of assessing schoolchildren’s achievements in physical fitness, the option to increase the amount of time devoted to students’ mastering various kinds of sports that are of particular interest to them, and the focus on providing schoolchildren with key life competencies.
Линия жизни профессора Вячеслава Александровича Юркина. Сюжеты для творческого портрета
Authors: Коротеева Светлана Викторовна
Published: May 2021

В статье исследована творческая биография профессора кафедры искусства Московского гуманитарного университета, заслуженного работника культуры Российской Федерации Вячеслава Александровича Юркина. Он является известным специалистом по сценической речи и ораторскому мастерству. В актерской профессии важно научиться говорить на сцене так, чтобы зрители в самых дальних рядах происходящее на сцене слышали. Вячеслав Александрович окончил три вуза: музыкальный, педагогический и театральный. Он работал актером в театре, директором филармонии и театра. Многие годы он преподает. Ведет занятия на кафедре искусства Московского гуманитарного университета.
The Weapon and Means of Committing a Crime: the Concept and the Relation
Authors: Goncharova Natalia S.
Published: May 2021

Tools and means play integral roles in the commission of a crime. However, their concepts and criteria for differentiation have not yet been clearly delineated by science. The author analyzes the most significant views of scientists on the concept of tools and means in the commission of crimes. He provides criteria for distinguishing them from each other: by functional purpose, the degree (nature) of their impact on the object of the crime, and the form of external expression. He further considers the features inherent in both tools and means: how they facilitate the implementation of the criminal goal; refer to optional features of the objective aspects of the crime; how their use significantly increases the degree of public danger of the act and completely depends on the consciousness and will of the subject; and how they justify the author's position on the concepts of criminal law under study. It is concluded that the exact interpretation of the concepts of tools and means of committing a crime, the definition of their