bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desigualdades raciais no estadiamento clínico avançado em mulheres com câncer de mama atendidas em um hospital de referência no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Graziele Marques , Carmo Cleber Nascimento do , Bergmann Anke , Mattos Inês Echenique
Published: August 2021

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre raça/cor da pele e estadiamento clínico em mulheres com câncer de mama em um hospital de referência para tratamento oncológico do Sistema Único de Saúde. Trata-se de estudo seccional com 863 mulheres de 18 anos de idade ou mais, com câncer de mama incidente e estadiamento clínico até IIIC, matriculadas em um hospital de referência no Rio de Janeiro e entrevistadas entre novembro de 2016 e outubro de 2018. Foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas, de hábitos de vida e clínicas. Utilizou-se o escore de propensão com a técnica de ponderação para balancear os grupos de comparação quanto aos potenciais confundidores. A associação entre raça/cor da pele e estadiamento clínico foi analisada por meio das equações de estimação generalizada após balanceamento. O nível de significância de 5% foi adotado em todas as análises. Observou-se que 35,9% das mulheres se declararam brancas; 21,3%, pretas; e 42,8%, pardas. Mulheres de cor da pele preta apresentaram 63% mais chance de ter estadiamento II e III quando comparadas com as brancas (OR=1,63; IC95% 1,01-2,65). Conclui-se que mulheres pretas são diagnosticadas com tumores mais avançados quando comparadas com mulheres brancas.
Educação interprofissional e prática colaborativa na formação em educação física: reflexões de uma experiência na perspectiva da tutoria
Authors: Reubens-Leonidio Ameliane da Conceição , Carvalho Talita Grazielle Pires de , Antunes Maria Bernadete de Cerqueira , Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes de
Published: August 2021

Resumo Esse artigo objetiva descrever as características do componente curricular “módulo interprofissional em saúde” oferecido aos estudantes de graduação da área de saúde na Universidade de Pernambuco e apresentar um relato das experiências vivenciadas em atividades de tutoria, com destaque para a análise do cenário do núcleo da educação física. Essa estratégia de educação interprofissional e de prática colaborativa funciona em dois momentos pedagógicos, concentração e dispersão, que possibilitam o estudante entender o processo colaborativo de trabalho na perspectiva da integralidade e do cuidado na atenção à saúde em rede. Durante a concentração, estudantes do primeiro período reconhecem as possibilidades de atuação de seu núcleo em articulação com os demais e têm contato com conceitos da saúde coletiva. Durante a dispersão, os estudantes constroem e executam ações interprofissionais em uma instituição de ensino vinculada à estratégia de saúde da família, sendo as práticas corporais estratégias corriqueiras. Percebe-se que há uma mudança de atitude sobre a possibilidade de atuação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); entretanto, é preciso que os conteúdos da saúde coletiva, inclusive a interprofissionalidade e as práticas colaborativas, perpassem toda a trajetória de formação em educação física, propiciando a qualificação para a integralidade da atenção no SUS.
Entendeu ou quer que eu desenhe? Os desenhos na pesquisa com crianças e sua inserção nos textos antropológicos
Authors: Sousa Emilene Leite de , Pires Flávia Ferreira
Published: August 2021

Resumo Este artigo analisa a utilização dos desenhos produzidos por crianças em pesquisas e sua inserção nos textos antropológicos, a partir de dois argumentos: o de que a produção de desenhos deveria ser considerada como técnica legítima de pesquisa com crianças; o de que é preciso descrever o processo de produção dos desenhos, deixando claras as condições em que se deu e reforçando sua utilização em conjunto com outras técnicas de pesquisa. Para além dessa dupla linha argumentativa, tecemos uma crítica à reduzida relevância que se dá aos desenhos - no que se refere a sua pouca inserção nos textos antropológicos. Neste artigo analisamos um conjunto de textos a partir dos seguintes aspectos: a) sua afirmação da importância dos desenhos para os achados da pesquisa; b) a descrição dos processos de produção dos desenhos; e c) se há a inserção dos desenhos no texto e de que maneira essa inserção é feita.
“Viene, está acá y tá”. Una aproximación a las vivencias de niños y niñas en torno a la migración en una escuela de Montevideo
Authors: Piñeyro Leandro , Uriarte Bálsamo Pilar
Published: August 2021

Resumen En la última década, Uruguay ha comenzado a recibir población migrante proveniente de diversos países latinoamericanos. Este fenómeno atraviesa gran parte de los debates en torno a políticas educativas y planificación a nivel nacional. El artículo parte de la experiencia de trabajo en una escuela pública primaria en Montevideo - Uruguay. Esta escuela tiene un alto porcentaje de población migrante y representa una de las experiencias que ha obtenido buenos resultados en el área. Proponemos dirigir la mirada hacia los niños y niñas de la escuela Portugal para desnaturalizar algunas categorizaciones de orden abstracto que suelen aparecer frente al “inmigrante”. La experiencia de investigación muestra que las interacciones cotidianas de niños y niñas de orígenes diversos pueden establecer fronteras bajo otros criterios y dualidades que las de nacional/extranjero. A partir de un abordaje etnográfico se busca visibilizar estos sentidos construidos en torno a las migraciones.
Comunicabilidad y mediatización de los discursos psicoanalíticos en Buenos Aires
Authors: Marsilli-Vargas Xochitl
Published: August 2021

Resumen En este artículo analizo la circulación de discursos psicoanalíticos fuera de la clínica a través de algunos de sus canales mediáticos más cotidianos y masivos. Para ello utilizo el concepto de comunicabilidad (Briggs; Hallin 2007), que ilumina cómo se difunden los discursos a través de ideologías desarrolladas históricamente, y de mediatización (Agha, 2011), que designa la amalgama que se forma entre procesos comunicativos y su mercantilización. El análisis se centra en tres medios: humor gráfico, programas de televisióny anuncios publicitarios que circulan en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Un argumento clave del análisis es que la escucha psicoanalítica juega un papel importante en la diseminación y reproducción en la esfera pública de discursos psicoanalíticos a través de la recepción y continuo reciclaje de estos discursos por parte del público lego.
Provincial implementation supports for socio-demographic data collection during COVID-19 in Ontario’s public health system
Authors: Abdi Samiya , Bennett-AbuAyyash Caroline , MacDonald Liane , Hohenadel Karin , Johnson Karen O. , Leece Pamela
Published: August 2021

Setting

The Ontario government implemented a regulatory change to mandate the collection of socio-demographic (SD) data for individuals who tested positive for COVID-19. This change was informed by evidence of COVID-19’s disproportionate impact on marginalized communities and calls for broader collection of SD data. Given the scarcity of similar efforts, there is a significant knowledge gap around implementing standardized SD data collection in public health settings.

Intervention

Public Health Ontario provided collaborative support for the implementation of SD data collection, grounded in health equity principles, evidence, and best practices. We supported the addition of SD fields in Ontario’s COVID-19 data collection systems, issued data entry guidance, hosted webinars for training and learning exchange, and published a resource to support the data collection process. The current focus is on building sustainability and quality improvement through continued engagement of public health units.

Outcomes

By November 28, 2020, almost 80% of COVID-19 cases had information recorded for at least one SD question (individual questions, range 46.8–67.0%). We hosted three webinars for the field, and the data collection resource was viewed almost 650 times. Practitioners continue to express needs for support on applying equity principles to data analysis and interpretation, and community engagement on data collection and use.

Implications

Sharing knowledge on responsive implementation supports in collaboration with the field and using current evidence and guidance will strengthen public health practice for SD data collection. Laying this groundwork will also improve the likelihood of success and sustainability of these equity-focused efforts.
Investigating The Effect of Nutritional Status of Primary School Children on Their Physical Development and School Performanc
Authors: MANTAR Ferhan , GÖZÜKÜÇÜK Ali , YILMAZ Büşra , FURUNCUOĞLU Yavuz
Published: August 2021

It is a proven fact in many studies that healthy, regular and proper nutrition is essential for growth and development in children. The factors affecting this situation are the socio- economic conditions, intake of breast milk, the ratio of nutrient components, and many other factors such as meal patterns. The duration intake of breast milk takes place within this interaction. The aim of the study is to compare the frequency of nutrition with the anthropometric measurements of children in public and private schools between 7-10 age group in approximately 300 students in the provinces of Ankara and Istanbul. Survey data were collected from the children attending the research under the supervision of their parents and teachers. In addition, the anthropometric measurements of the children, the infirmary in the school and the nursing staff under the supervision of the school and the appropriate conditions were made by the researcher. With the control of the teachers, five students with the highest grade point average and the last five students with lower levels of achievement were identified.
Weight and height percentile curves of children in private schools were found to be significantly different when compared to those in public schools. The reason for this is that as the socioeconomic level increases in developing countries, the proportion of healthy eating ratios is inversely proportional. No significant difference was found between school types and body mass indexes. In addition, the relationship with breast milk was also investigated and no significant difference was found. It is considered that the reason for this is that the number of samples should be increased. and further studies are needed.
Nonoperative treatment in peptic ulcer perforations and review of the literatüre
Authors: BOZDAĞ Ahmet , GÜLTÜRK Barış , AKSU Ali , KUTLUER Nizamettin , BOZAN Mehmet Bugra , GÜNDOĞDU Tamer , BOYUK Abdullah
Published: August 2021

Background: Peptic ulcer perforation is a complication of peptic ulcer disease frequently encountered in the emergency departments. Although there are many treatment options ranging from nonoperative treatment to wide resections, surgery is the first treatment option in peptic ulcer perforations. In this article, we aimed to present the feasibility of nonoperative treatment in appropriate and selected cases.
Materials and Methods: The data of the patients who were not operated but provided with medical treatment in our clinic between January 2016 and July 2018 were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Three of the patients were male, one of them was female, and the mean age was 58 years (range, 35-79). On physical examination, there were no signs of acute abdomen, only tenderness was observed in the right upper quadrant and epigastric region. Standing direct abdominal radiography revealed free air under the diaphragm in three patients. The diagnosis was made with tomographic findings in one patient. No contrast agent extravasation was observed in any patient. The patients were examined intermittently by a specialist surgeon, oral intake was permitted on the 4th day of hospitalization, and they were discharged on the 7th day on average.
Conclusion: Peptic ulcer perforation is a condition, which is still common and requires emergency surgery in case of acute abdomen development. Although the time elapsed after perforation is a factor affecting mortality and morbidity, nonoperative treatment is a method that can be successfully applied under strict physical examination and laboratory follow-up in appropriate and selected patients without diffuse peritonitis and extravasation on CT with water-soluble contrast agent.
Ekstrak Lemak Sisa Biji Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) menggunakan Pengekstrakan Bendalir Lampau-genting dan Perbandingan Fizikokimianya dengan Lemak Koko (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Isa Norhelaliah , Sofian-Seng Noor-Soffalina , Wan Mustapha Wan Aida
Published: August 2021

Buah mangga boleh dimakan segar atau diproses menjadi jus dan jeruk tetapi hanya isi digunakan dan bijinya dibuang. Kajian terdahulu mendapati bahawa biji mangga mempunyai lemak seperti lemak koko. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi pemakanan dalam sisa biji jeruk mangga (SBJr) dan sisa biji jus mangga (SBJs); jumlah lemak antara SBJr dan SBJs melalui pengekstrakan bendalir lampau-genting (SFE); serta komposisi asid lemak dan takat lebur gelincir (SMP) terhadap lemak koko komersil (LK). Analisis proksimat menunjukkan bahawa SBJr dan SBJs mengandungi karbohidrat, lemak, protein, abu dan kelembapan. Pengekstrakan lemak SBJr dan SBJs menggunakan SFE (suhu 72 °C; tekanan 42.4 Mpa; 60 min; 4 mLmin-1 CO₂) menunjukkan lemak SBJr lebih tinggi(p<0.05) (6.4%) berbanding SBJs (3.37%). Lima jenis asid lemak ditemui dalam SBJr, SBJs dan LK iaitu asid palmitik, stearik, oleik, linoleik dan linolenik dengan kandungan (%) yang berbeza(p<0.05) bagi semua sampel. SMP bagi lemak SBJr (34.2 °C) lebih tinggi (p<0.5) diikuti oleh SBJs (32.17 °C) dan LK (30.27 °C). Walaupun ciri-ciri kimia lemak SBJr dan SBJs berbeza dengan LK, tetapi kedua-duanya berpotensi sebagai pengganti LK yang lebih baik kerana mengandungi asid lemak tak tepu yang lebih tinggi(p<0.05) dan asid lemak tepu yang lebih rendah(p<0.05) daripada LK. Penggunaan SBJr lebih praktikal kerana kandungan lemaknya tinggi dan SMP lemak ini sesuai dengan keadaan cuaca tropika.
COVRATIO Statistic as a Discrimination Method for Multivariate Normal Distribution
Authors: Abdullah Norli Anida , Mohamad Apandi Afera , Shamsudheen Mohd Iqbal , Zubairi Yong Zulina
Published: August 2021

The COVRATIO statistic has been used to identify the presence of outlier in data, which is based on deletion approach, where the determinant of covariance matrix for the full dataset excludes i-th row. This study proposes a novel discrimination method for the multivariate normal (MVN) distribution using the idea of COVRATIO statistic, denoted as . The linear discrimination function (LDF) for MVN distribution will be compared to the statistic. Simulation results showed that the as discrimination method performs better than the LDF with lower misclassification probabilities in all cases considered. The interest in the discrimination method arose in connection with the study of an application to discriminate the shape of the human maxillary dental arches, thus statistic may be considered as an alternative.
Risk Analysis of the Copula Dependent Aggregate Discounted Claims with Weibull Inter-Arrival Time
Authors: Mohd Ramli Siti Norafidah , Syed Yusoff Alhabshi Sharifah Farah , Mohamed Rozali Nur Atikah
Published: August 2021

We model the recursive moments of aggregate discounted claims, assuming the inter-claim arrival time follows a Weibull distribution to accommodate overdispersed and underdispersed data set. We use a copula to represent the dependence structure between the inter-claim arrival time and its subsequent claim amount. We then use the Laplace inversion via the Gaver-Stehfest algorithm to solve numerically the first and second moments, which takes the form of a Volterra integral equation (VIE). We compute the average and variance of the aggregate discounted claims under the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) copula and conduct a sensitivity analysis under various Weibull inter-claim parameters and claim-size parameters. The comparison between the equidispersed, overdispersed and underdispersed counting processes shows that when claims arrive at times that vary more than is expected, insured lives can expect to pay higher premium, and vice versa for the case of claims arriving at times that vary less than expected. Upon comparing the Weibull risk process with an equivalent Poisson process, we also found that copulas with a wider range of dependency parameter such as the Frank and Heavy Right Tail (HRT), have a greater impact on the value of moments as opposed to modeling under FGM copula with weak dependence structure.
Direct cardial effects and mechanisms of cardiovascular action of gliflosins
Authors: Zverev Yakov F. , Rykunova Anna Y.
Published: August 2021

The literature review is devoted to the study of the mechanisms of the cardioprotective action of a new class of glucose-lowering drugs glyflozins, which inhibit the joint transport of sodium and glucose in the proximal renal tubules. Favorable changes in ion transport in cardiomyocytes with the use of these drugs are considered. The inhibition of the activity of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) was found, followed by a decrease in the activity of Na+/ Ca2+ exchange on the mitochondrial membranes of the cardiomyocytes, which leads to a decrease in the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm with a simultaneous increase in mitochondria. This initiates a number of intracellular signaling cascades that contribute to the optimization of mitochondrial homeostasis. The use of glyflozins, apparently, provides a balance between the fusion and fission of mitochondria, which determines the bioenergetic adaptation of the cell to the state of intracellular metabolism, weakens the development of the inflammatory response, fibrosis and oxidative stress in the myocardium, which are activated under conditions of diabetes mellitus. The point of view is discussed, according to which the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of glyflozins is associated with inhibition of the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which contributes to the progression of myocardial dysfunction and subsequent chronic heart failure. The results of clinical trials and experimental data on the beneficial effect of glyflozins in the development of various phenotypes of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction are analyzed. The assumption is substantiated about the prospects for wider use of these hypoglycemic drugs in heart failure, which is not limited to diabetes mellitus. The assumptions made require further experimental and clinical studies.
Biological role of miRNA-146a at virus infections. Modern strategy of search of new safe pharmacological agents for treatment
Authors: Shabanov Petr D. , Vashchenko Vladimir I.
Published: August 2021

Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified as a key player in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular-genes regulatory pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on the interaction between RNA viruses and cellular miRNAs. We also discuss how cell and tissue-speciﬁc expression of miRNAs can directly affect viral pathogenesis. They also emerged as a significant regulator of the immune response. In particular, miR-146a acts as an importance modulator of function and differentiation cells of the innate and adaptive immunity. It has been associated with disorder including cancer and viral infections. Given its significance in the regulation of key cellular processes, it is not surprising which virus infection have found ways to dysregulation of miRNAs. miR-146a has been identified in exosomes (exosomal miR-146a). After the exosomes release from donor cells, they are taken up by the recipient cell and probably the exosomal miR-146a is able to modulate the antiviral response in the recipient cell and result in making them more susceptible to virus infection. In this review, we discuss recent reports regarding miR-146a expression levels, target genes, function, and contributing role in the pathogenesis of the viral infection and provide a clue to develop the new preventive and therapeutic strategies for medical treatment viral disease, and СOVID-19.
Participation of HIF-1 in the mechanisms of neuroadaptation to acute stressful exposure
Authors: Lyubimov Andrey V. , Khokhlov Platon P.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: New laboratory and instrumental technologies for analyzing the adaptive capabilities of a biological organism to acute stressful effects including hypoxic ones have significantly facilitated the diagnosis and fixation of adaptive behavioral reactions, physiological and biochemical changes. Much attention has been paid to the phenomenon of preconditioning a positive effect from exposure to small doses of pathogenic factors. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is one of the most promising markers for fixing the phenomenon of hypoxic preconditioning.
AIM: To study the mechanisms of neuroadaptation to acute stressful effects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using models of immobilization, hypothermic exposure, and electrocutaneous irritation of rat paws were carried out for the assessment of the mechanisms of neuroadaptation. Changes in the HIF-1 concentration were recorded in the blood and in the structures of the brain.
RESULTS: The maximum concentration of HIF-1 was found in the amygdala (230 pg / mg), in the prefrontal cortex it was 50.8 pg / mg in the control group. Hypothermal exposure increased the HIF-1 content in the amygdala by more than 4 times, while emotionally pain and immobilization showed a slight decrease in HIF-1 in the amygdala. All types of stressors significantly increased the concentration of HIF-1 in the prefrontal cortex of animals. The most pronounced changes were observed when using the model of emotional pain stress. The obtained experimental data allow us to draw with caution a conclusion about the universality and unity of multicomponent mechanisms of adaptation to acute stressful effects.
Effect of the extract of dry Serratula centauroides on the behavior of white rats in tests with positive reinforcement
Authors: Razuvaeva Yanina G. , Markova Kristina V. , Toropova Anyuta A. , Olennikov Daniil N.
Published: August 2021

The effect was studied of dry leaf extract of Serratula centauroides L. on the behavior of white rats (Wistar) in tests with positive reinforcement. It was revealed that the extract of S. centauroides at doses of 50200 mg/kg promotes in animals a decrease in the level of anxiety, adaptation to unfamiliar conditions, and as a consequence, to an increase in the volume of food intake. And also a more rapid formation of a conditioned reflex with positive reinforcement. In animals treated with S. centauroides extract, the volume of food taken in hypophagia test was 1.42.7 times higher than the control value. In the T-shaped maze, 5080% of the animals in the experimental groups developed a conditioned reflex to positive reinforcement, while none of the animals in the control group reached the learning criterion. The S. centauroides extract showed the most pronounced effect on the behavior of animals in tests with positive reinforcement at a dose of 100 mg/kg.
Are Participants Good Evaluators?
Authors: Smith Jeffrey , Whalley Alexander , Wilcox Nathaniel
Published: August 2021

Managers of workforce training programs are often unable to afford costly, full-fledged experimental or nonexperimental evaluations to determine their programs’ impacts. Therefore, many rely on the survey responses of program participants to gauge program impacts. Smith, Whalley, and Wilcox present the first attempt to assess such measures despite their already widespread use in program evaluations. They develop a multidisciplinary framework for addressing the issue and apply it to three case studies.
Perpustakaan maya sebagai sumber belajar dan penunjang pembelajaran IPS secara daring di era pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Doni Akviansah Mochamad , Sariyatun Sariyatun
Published: August 2021

This article aimed to describe how important the existence of virtual libraries is as a learning resource in online social studies learning, because virtual libraries provide the widest possible access by anyone, anywhere, anytime to dig up various information that can later be used by students, educators, and even. The principal of this study utilized descriptive qualitative research methods. This research was motivated by the emergence of the Covid-19 outbreak which resulted in many changes and technological developments that drove the comprehensive digitization process. The conditions during a pandemic by requiring online learning are the route chosen to keep the education system running. The role of technology is very visible and very impactful in times like this. In addition to the human resources and supporting technology that are prepared, the components in learning must also be prepared to support learning online. One of these components is a virtual library that is easy to use and useful as a learning resource and learning support. In addition, virtual libraries can improve students' abilities in terms of reading so that they can increase knowledge which has an impact on increasing student achievement.
A Review of the Association of Bladder and Prostate Cancers with Schistosoma Species
Authors: Kazemi Negin , Ehteshaminia Yahya , Mohammadi Hamid , Mahdavi Seif Ali
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Schistosomiasis is an infection caused by the deposition of large male and female worms (trematodes) in the bladder veins. Infection caused by this trematode is also known as bilharziasis. The disease has been or continues to be present in African countries and some Asian countries such as Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, southern Portugal, Greece, and especially Egypt. The entry of Schistosoma haematobium heads into the skin begins with local symptoms, known as swimmers itch, and is more common in people who are in some form of contact with ambient water. The infection affects the kidneys, ureters, bladder and genitals. In endemic geographical areas, schistosomiasis has been implicated as an etiological factor in the pathogenesis of bladder, colon and kidney cancers, especially bladder cancer occurring in such geographical locations almost two decades earlier than in non-native areas. The urinary type of this disease can also cause prostate cancer.
Material and Methodes: In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase were searched and related articles were reviewed.
Results:  In this study, the effects of host endocrine system, hormonal imbalance caused by schistosomiasis, as well as the effect of epigenetic changes in the host genome on this parasitic infection and its association with bladder cancer were investigated. The association of schistosome egg soluble antigens with prostate carcinogenesis was also noted.
Conclusion: Studies show that schistosomiasis can lead to bladder cancer. But there was not adequate evidence available for prostate cancer and this parasitic infection.
El ciber-rumor y cybergossip en Colombia: una reflexión desde la ciberpsicología y las ciencias sociales computacionales
Authors: Herrera López Harvey Mauricio , Romera Félix Eva María , Ortega Ruiz Rosario
Published: August 2021

Recientes estudios sugieren que el aumento del uso de las TIC y en especial de redes sociales parece estar relacionado con un mayor riesgo de exposición a fenómenos de intimidación en el ciberespacio. El ciber-rumor y el cybergossip son algunos de estos riesgos de gran relevancia en el estudio de la ciberconducta, pues modulan los procesos emocionales y actitudinales que pueden afectar negativamente al bienestar psicológico, así como al contexto social inmediato. Este documento presenta una revisión y reflexión general sobre el avance en el cuerpo teórico del cybergossip, delimita el constructo en comparación con el ciber-rumor y el cyberbullying, presenta un estudio realizado en Colombia desde una perspectiva cross-cultural y ofrece posibles líneas de trabajo futuras desde las ciencias sociales computacionales. Las conclusiones son útiles para los diversos estudios que abordan el estudio de la ciberconducta, particularmente desde la multidisciplinariedad y las ciencias sociales computacionales.
Removal of Knotted Nasogastric Tube: A Literature Review and Lessons From Our Case
Authors: Kim Chang Eurn , Hwang In Gyu , Min Hyun Jin
Published: August 2021

Nasogastric tube placement is a common practice, and complications are rarely reported. We recently encountered and successfully managed a knotted nasogastric tube in a chronically bedridden patient. His nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa were exceptionally dry, and the tube was not well advanced. The attending physician had difficulty removing the tube, and unsuccessful removal attempts resulted in the patient experiencing epistaxis and respiratory discomfort. Imaging and endoscopic evaluation revealed that the tube was knotted at the choanal level, obstructing the posterior airway. We cut the tube within the middle nasal cavity and removed the knotted part through the mouth; the remaining parts of the tube were removed through the nasal cavity. Herein, we describe our case and other previously reported cases of nasogastric tube knotting to guide healthcare workers who may encounter similar scenarios.
​Isolation and Identification of Different Fungal Species from Major Kharif Vegetables of Sindh Province, Pakistan
Authors: Pahnwar S. , Khaskheli M.I. , Khaskheli A.J. , Wagan K.H. , Thebho G.M. , Khaskheli A.A. , Khaskheli S.A. , Jiskani A.M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Altenaria species are posing major threat to vegetable crops nowadays, thus it is of utmost importance to identify its different species, so that potential control measures may be explored. Methods: The isolation and identification of different fungi was conducted from major Kharif vegetables, tomato, chilli and eggplant. Samples showing typical symptoms of fruit rot and leaf spot were collected from fields and then pathogens were isolated and identified at laboratory using standard procedures. Result: The total of 07 fungal species, Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Pencillium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer isolated from tomato fruit rot. Similarly, 07 fungi viz; A. alternata, A. tenuissima, A. flavus, A. niger, Colletotrichum capisi, Penicillium sp. and R. stolonifer from chilli fruit rot and 06 fungi viz; A. alternata, A. flavus, A. niger, F. solani, Penicillium sp. and R. stolonifer from eggplant leaf spots were isolated. Significantly highest infection frequency was recorded for A. solani (48.83%) and A. tenuissima (44%) from tomato and chilli fruit rot, respectively. From eggplant leaf spot it was significantly highest for A. alternata (34.5%). Study concludes that 03 species, A. solani, A. tenuissima and A. alternata, dominantly damaged tomato, chilli fruits and eggplant leaves.
​Mathematical Modeling and Optimization for Emission Parameter SO﻿2 of Dual Fuel CI Engine using Mustard Stalk
Authors: Singh Lakhwinder
Published: August 2021

Background: Punjab (India) an agricultural state with twelve major crops sown round the year, produces 14.53 MT as crop residue. This huge quantity of crop residue poses a serious problem of stubble burning in the fields, leading to an alarming level of air pollution across the state, along with a potential loss of fuel usable for power generation. About 1000 MW of electricity can be generated from this crop residue by the proper utilization (Singh et al., 2015). Methods: Characteristics of various crop residues were evaluated experimentally and further investigations have been carried out to study the performance of producer gas derived from mustard stalk using a downdraft gasifier in combination with diesel oil in dual fuel diesel engine, where effect of various input parameters such as type of fuel, equivalence ratio and load on engine were studied on emission component SO2. Results were modeled and optimized through central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) using design of experiments technique to determine the most desirable mode of utilization. Result: It has been found that fixed carbon (40.55%), sulphur (0.367%), moisture contents (6.88%) and nitrogen contents (1.314%) in mustard stalk is almost same as in coal, where as hydrogen (6.124%), oxygen (43.965%), volatile matter (68.93%), gross calorific values (3933 kcal/kg) of mustard stalk are more and ash content (6.65%) is less as compared to corresponding values for coal. In all the three modes of operations, SO2 increases with increase in load on the engine. ER has no effect in diesel alone mode but in dual modes with increase in ER further increases SO2 as high temperature producer gas and air along with sulphur enters the engine which further increases the value of SO2.
Nutritional Evaluation of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind Petha for Its Sensory, Shelf-life and Consumer Acceptability
Authors: Ashoka S. , Begum S. Shamshad , Ray Babu Rajaram Mohan , Muthuraju R.
Published: August 2021

Background: Petha is a translucent soft candy historically and geographically originated from Agra that is usually rectangular or cylindrical made from the ash gourd. With growing demand and innovation, more varieties of the original preparation are available in the market. Watermelon is most relished fruit and people just eat reddish pulpy portion and discard the rind. But watermelon rind is by product with good amounts of protein, fat, carbohydrates, crude fiber and ash. Methods: The present study was carried out to develop petha from watermelon rind by osmotic dehydration with varied concentrations of Sugar viz., 50° Brix(T1), 60° Brix(T2) and 70° Brix(T3) and the sensory evaluation was carried out from initial to 45 days of storage at both room as well as refrigerated temperature and further evaluated microbial load, texture analysis and consumer acceptability of petha. Result: Among the three variations T2 was more acceptable than T1 and T3 after 45 days of sensory evaluation. The nutrient composition for the best accepted watermelon rind petha indicated low fat with adequate amount of crude fibre (0.6 g), carbohydrate (52.49 g), calcium (18.68 mg) and phosphorous (9.28 mg). Hence, it can be concluded that watermelon rinds can be better option for byproduct utilization for development of petha with good nutritional profile that is economical too.
Urban Neighbourhood Dynamics and the Worst Forms of Child Labour
Authors: Kasper Eric
Published: August 2021

While the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) is not only an urban phenomenon, evidence suggests that WFCL emerges in cities in unique ways due to the complex structures and dynamics of urban systems. This report, therefore, develops a conceptual framework for WFCL in cities that integrates key understandings of urban systems and evidence about urban WFCL. This report reviews current literature on the complex systemic nature of cities – drawing on literature on the urban land nexus, urban complexity, informality, and inclusive urbanisation. It also reviews studies of child labour (focusing on the worst forms, where possible) in urban contexts. In this way, the report offers an innovative way of understanding the challenge of WFCL, and outlines the premises of a research agenda for responding to WFCL in cities. These contributions are made with the specific cities and neighbourhoods in mind where the CLARISSA programme is being implemented; however, they should be useful more generally.
Advocating for Change in Nepal’s Adult Entertainment Sector
Authors: Gorman Clare , Halton Lucy , Sharma Kushum
Published: August 2021

The United Nations Human Rights Council has a powerful role to play in addressing the worst forms of child labour. Accountability mechanisms such as the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) – which work to support Member States to improve their human rights situation – are therefore widely seen as important opportunities to advocate for change. Ahead of Nepal’s third UPR cycle in 2021, the CLARISSA programme met with eight UN Permanent Missions to present recommendations addressing the exploitation of children within Nepal’s adult entertainment sector. This spotlight story shares the programme’s experience in advocacting within this process. It also highlights their approach of providing decision makers with recommendations to the Government of Nepal that were underpinned by the importance of integrating a participatory, adaptive and child-centred approach.
Uyghurs in China: Personal Testimony of a Uyghur Surgeon
Authors: Tohti Bughda Enver
Published: August 2021

Dr Enver Tohti Bughda is a qualified medical surgeon and a passionate advocate for Uyghur rights. Having been ordered to remove organs from an executed prisoner, Enver has since taken up a major role in the campaign against forced organ harvesting and is determined to bring China’s darkest secret to light. In this personal testimony, Enver shares his experience working as a surgeon in Xinjiang and reflects more broadly on the situation of Uyghurs in China, explaining that unless Uyghurs earn the sympathy and support of China’s Han majority, unless it is understood that all Chinese people are the victims of the same authoritarian regime, ethnic animosity will continue to serve the political purposes of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
Мурманчанами их звали, или участие польских солдат в русской гражданской войне на далёком севере (1918–1919)
Authors: Radziwiłłowicz Dariusz
Published: August 2021

Подразделение польских войск в северной России было сформировано на Кольском полуострове в районе Мурманска на основе соглашения, подписанного в Москве 1 июля 1918 года с представителями коалиции. Только там тогда находились подразделения коалиции, которые могли стать базой для снабжения и организации польских отрядов. Подразделение было одним из первых польских формирований, которые начали снова организовываться после битвы под Каневым (11 мая 1918) и капитуляции I Корпуса (V–VI 1918). Уже в июне 1918 года солдат из разгромленных польских корпусов стали направлять в район Мурманска.Подразделение с мая 1919 года принимало активное участие в боях с большевиками. Осенью этого года в связи с политической ситуацией Великобритания приняла решение покинуть северную Россию. Подразделение вернулось с фронта в Архангельск, откуда 20 сентября отплыло на пароходе в Гданьск. В январе 1920 года оно было включено как III батальон в состав 64 пехотного полка, в рядах которого приняло участие в польско-большевистской войне.
Dance in Indian culture: A cosmic manifestation of divine creation and a path to liberation
Authors: Simoncelli Adriana
Published: August 2021

Dance is a human cultural activity aimed at non-verbal emotional communication, mentioned for the first time in the circle of European culture by Homer in the Iliad (8th/7th century BC). In Indian culture — the most extensive one of four contemporary civilizations of antiquity (next to Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Chinese), whose cradle is the Indus Valley Civilization — the first material evidence of the presence of dance is dated between 2300–1750 BC. It is a bronze statuette of a dancing girl, making us aware of the fact that this type of activity has accompanied people since the dawn of time, regardless of their origin and cultural affiliation. India and its oldest religion, Hinduism, have made this art highly prized because of its original, pure spiritual character.
The first treatise entirely devoted to dance, entitled Natyashastra (Treatise on Performing Arts), was written according to tradition between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD, although many premises indicate that its beginnings date back to the 5th century BC, and the final version — to around 5th century AD. Its author was Bharata Muni, an ancient sage, theatrologist and musicologist who allegedly received knowledge of arts from the god Brahma himself to create a symbolic representation of the world which, by showing good and evil, would persuade both the viewers and the performers to act ethically. From Natyashastra it appears that dance was created by the gods for their worship. In its most original form, dance grew out of the sacrificial ritual, hence the knowledge of it was secret, highly codified and communicated in strict confidentiality. The patron of the dance and its divine performer par excellence is the god Shiva in the aspect of Nataraja (Lord of the Dance), who in one image combines god as the creator, protector and destroyer of the universe, while simultaneously containing the Indian concept of an endless time cycle. Accurate recreation of the mythical dance initiated by Shiva guarantees that the faithful achieve salvation by overcoming sin, ignorance, and laziness represented by the demon Apasmara, on whom the god treads in a dancing trance.
For the Indian Hindu culture dance has a highly important ritualistic and mystical meaning, hence it is also present along with music and singing, which is a melodic recitation of sacred verses, in all literature, from the Vedas (sacred books of Hinduism), through encyclopedic Puranas, to epics such as Mahabharata and Ramayana. Dance is indispensable to the theater as well as visual and audiovisual arts, brings relief to those in mourning and sorrow, leads to liberation from samsara (the wheel of incarnations), and is a reflection of divinity in its purest, most dynamic manifestation: movement. Thanks to dance being a rejection of oneself, entering a mystical trance, one can connect with the Absolute here on Earth and experience divinity.
Research on female humor to the accompaniment of not-always-serious music and some alcohol — based on the Laskowik & Malicki program
Authors: Ślęzak Ligia
Published: August 2021

The article contains a description of the entertainment TV program Laskowik & Malicki. It is an event combining cabaret and music, with performances from two artistic groups: Kabareciarnia Laskowika and The Philharmonic of Wit. The author stresses the topics of feminity, music and alcohol, as well as finds moralizing and educational value in the performances.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF THYMUS ON BROILER UNDER CHRONIC HEAT STRESS
Authors: Andriani Ratna , Arimbi Arimbi , Rahardjo Dadik , Plumeriastuti Hani , Legowo Djoko , Hestianah Eka Pramyrtha
Published: August 2021

The aim of this research was to know histopathological change of broiler’s thymus which exposed by chronic heat stress. The results revealed that there were negative impact on immune organ (thymus). Broiler that exposed to chronic heat stress showed significantly increased number of heterophil and apoptosis histiocytes and cell depletion. There were 20 broilers that divided into 2 groups, each group consist of 10 broiler. Control group (P0) reared at temperature 24-28oC and humidity 40-55% and Heat Stress group (P1) reared at temperature 36-40oC on the litter housing system at Experimental Animals Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Before the treatments, broiler had been reared from day-old-chicks to 21-day-old, then continued with heat stress condition from day 22 to 42. Thymus was collected on day 42 to examine histopathological change of thymus and analyzed using Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed significant difference (P<0.05) between Control group and HS (Heat Stress) group by increased number of heterophil, apoptosis histiocytes and cell depletion.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK SAMBILOTO (Andrographis Paniculata) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI GINJAL YANG DIINDUKSI GENTAMISIN PADA TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Nugrahani Anggi Dwi , Nangoi Lianny , Meles Dewa Ketut , Widiyatno Thomas Valentinus , Hamid Iwan Sahrial , Santoso Kuncoro Puguh
Published: August 2021

This research was aimed to know the effect of leaves extract of sambiloto as a nephroprotector on renal histopathology features induced by gentamicin in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The effect of leaves extract of sambiloto was tested in 25 rats. Twenty five male white rat were randomly divided into five groups; K- as negative control was given carboxy methyl cellulosa in 15 days, P0 was given carboxyl methyl cellulosa in 15 days, P1 was given leaves extract of sambiloto of 177 mg/kg bw/day/po in 15 days, P2 was given leaves extract of sambiloto of 189 mg/kg bw/day/po in 15 days, P3 was given leaves extract of sambiloto of 239,5 mg/kg bw/day/po in 15 days. On the 15 day of experimental, P0, P1, P2, P3 was given 200 mg/kg bw of gentamicin. Gentamicin solutions on P0, P1, P2 and P3 treated through intramuscular injection. After 24 hours of gentamicin induced, take the rats renal by laparotomy and then making preparations histopathology with staining Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Based on the result of Kruskall-Wallis statistical analysis on renal histopathology showed this research that the treatment have significant difference (p < 0,05). The leaves extract of sambiloto treated group (P3) gave the best value on the renal morfology, it gave a good effects in preventing nephrotoxicity in white rats.
PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI INFUNDIBULUM AYAM PETELUR YANG DIINFEKSI Escherichia coli
Authors: Irawan Adinda Riezki , Sabdoningrum Emy Koestanti , Hidanah Sri , Chusniati Sri , Madyawati Sri Pantja , Tehupuring Benjamin Christoffel
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research aimed to prove the effect of meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) on layer hen infected with Escherichia coli to reduce inflammation and congestion on infundibulum histopathological view.  This research used 20 samples of layer hen. The treatment in this research was P0- (not infected with Esherichia coli and did not treated with meniran(Phyllanthus niruri Linn)), P0+ (infected with Escherichia coli and did not treated with meniran(Phyllanthus niruri Linn)), P1 (infected with Escherichia coli and treated with 10% meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn)), P2 (infected with Escherichia coli and treated with 20% meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn)), P3 (infected with Escherichia coli and treated with 30% meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn)). The data of this study analyzed by Kruskal-wallis and followed with Mann-withney test. The result of this research can be concluded that 10% concentration of meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) was effective to eliminate Escherichia coli, 20% concentration of meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) able to promote antibacterial activity, and 30% concentration of meniran extract shown antibacterial rate on high potential so it can be used to reduce inflammation and congestion as the result of Escherichia coli infection.