bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As pesquisas em educação aumentam e os problemas educacionais... Também: crítica da fragmentação do conhecimento
Authors: Sass Odair
Published: February 2020

A tendência histórica à especialização do conhecimento que alcança as distintas áreas da ciência, ainda que de modos e em diferentes graus, desdobra-se de modo notável na educação, em particular, na educação brasileira. Um dos indicadores dessa tendência é o incremento acentuado das pesquisas educacionais que se vê acompanhado contraditoriamente da persistência quando não do aumento dos problemas educacionais brasileiros. Essa resultante mostra que a tendência geral à especialização perde seu potencial progressista à medida que os conhecimentos obtidos se descolam da totalidade social promovendo mais propriamente o seu contrário regressivo: a fragmentação do conhecimento. Especialização e fragmentação são discutidas sob dois aspectos : a) o deslocamento da pesquisa em educação dos centros e institutos para os programas de pós-graduação em educação e b) a associação do conhecimento científico acumulado com a reprodução da sociedade que o fomenta.
Ampliando o olhar sobre os internatos escolares
Authors: Conceição Joaquim Tavares da
Published: February 2020

Este artigo direciona o olhar para os internatos propondo a articulação de abordagens culturais e de gênero, discutindo igualmente a utilização de fontes orais e da literatura para a compreensão da temática. O recurso à abordagem cultural é um instrumental adequado tanto por enfatizar o valor da descrição das particularidades culturais do microcosmo do internato, como por ajudar a interpretar suas “teias de significados”. Assim, através de uma operação etnográfica, o “mundo do internato” será visitado. O espaço, as práticas sociais, as relações de grupo, formas de controle e de hierarquia, atividades coletivas impositivas, entre outras, serão descritas e interpretadas. A articulação com as questões de gênero também contribui para a visualização e análise de modelos de comportamento que nortearam a vida de meninos e meninas no internato, suas singularidades histórico-sociais e culturalmente atribuídas. De outro modo, o uso de fontes orais e da literatura permite o conhecimento de fatos ausentes em documentos e a “forma como o grupo os vivenciou e percebeu”.
“Esse corpo é meu?” Corpos humanos nas/das Ciências
Authors: Tavares Geórgia de Souza , Chaves Sílvia Nogueira
Published: February 2020

A ciência, enquanto discurso socialmente aceito é um dos artefatos mais potentes na produção de verdades. Dentre as verdades por ela defendida e difundida estão as que marcam nossos corpos produzindo-os como objeto no entrecruzamento de diferentes campos disciplinares que vão da anatomia à estética, instituindo e alterando olhares e práticas ao longo da história. O presente artigo tem por objetivo revisitar algumas obras importantes do campo da epistemologia da ciência percorrendo-as a partir das marcas que inscrevem na produção de nossos corpos.
Game e Arte: uma experiência com crianças na escola
Authors: Gaspar Débora da Rocha , Costa Fabíola Cirimbelli Búrigo
Published: February 2020

Este texto resulta de reflexões, experiências de vida e ações procedentes das relações entre o ensino da Arte, mídia e cultura, apresentando algumas considerações sobre as experiências e investigações vivenciadas nas aulas de Artes Visuais da Educação Básica, relacionando práticas artísticas (Game Art) e cotidianas de crianças no contexto escolar.
Tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação na formação inicial de professores: em busca de práticas inovadoras
Authors: Silva Ketiuce Ferreira , Prata-Linhares Martha Maria
Published: February 2020

O artigo apresenta o relato de uma experiência com alunas de primeiro e segundo períodos de um curso de Pedagogia. Uma revisão bibliográfica a partir de autores como Kenski (2011, 2013), Marcelo (2013), Mill (2010), Silva (2011), entre outros, subsidiou o processo de ação-reflexão desta experiência que teve como objetivo explorar e articular o conteúdo de uma disciplina ministrada com práticas pedagógicas inovadoras, integradas pelas tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDICs). Percebeu-se que as TDICs têm grande potencial para contribuir com a qualidade da formação docente, desde que haja uma condução teórico-metodológica comprometida com objetivos pedagógicos, com tempos, espaços e recursos adequados e que os sujeitos envolvidos estejam engajados neste novo paradigma. Tarefa desafiadora e possível, conforme frutos da vivência em questão.
Tics, mídia-educação e formação de professores: o que anunciam e fazem (?) novas universidades federais da região sul do Brasil
Authors: Bianchi Paula
Published: February 2020

O avanço tecnológico, o aumento da circulação de informações e do acesso às TICs e as diferentes maneiras de interação com as ferramentas tecnológicas interferem nos modos de construção, apropriação e compartilhamento do conhecimento e geram novas demandas ao campo da educação. O texto é um recorte de uma tese de doutorado que investiga, através de estudos de caso, a inserção curricular das TICs na formação de professores de três universidades recém-criadas na região Sul do Brasil. Aqui, são apresentadas as experiências curriculares no âmbito das TICs observadas nos cursos de Pedagogia/UFFS, Ciências da Natureza/UNILA e Educação Física/ Unipampa. A metodologia qualitativa utilizada envolveu análise documental, entrevistas e observações diretas para a produção de dados. A pesquisa mostrou que são poucas as experiências envolvendo as TICs, sobretudo na perspectiva crítica e produtiva/expressiva da mídia- -educação.
Identidade docente na educação a distância: reflexões teóricas sobre o papel do tutor a distância
Authors: Cruvinel Fernanda , Moraes Raquel de Almeida , Lazzarotti Filho Ari
Published: February 2020

Este texto destina-se a problematizar e discutir que tipos de modificações na identidade docente ocorrem quando o processo de ensino e aprendizagem se organiza sob a forma de educação a distância (EAD), tendo como referência o projeto da Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) e o papel do tutor a distância. Para isso, abordamos a temática da identidade docente, discutindo as questões e dimensões que são interdependentes no debate sobre a condição de ser professor, as transformações sofridas com o advento da globalização, e o que significa ensinar. Trouxemos informações sobre o projeto UAB e discutimos a reconfiguração do papel do docente no contexto da divisão do trabalho pedagógico, onde a docência não se concentra em nenhum dos atores isoladamente (polidocência). No entanto, sabendo que nesta rede de ações, o tutor a distância aparece como o principal agente neste processo de mediação, propomos a reflexão sobre a associação deste agente com o papel do professor, e se no contexto da EAD está havendo uma modificação da identidade docente. Os resultados desta análise sugerem que a identidade docente está sendo construída num processo de fluidez, e flexibilidade, que desloca a ação do sujeito individual para diversos agentes do processo de ensino e aprendizagem provocando uma hierarquização entre a produção e o desenvolvimento do conhecimento e um estranhamento do sujeito ao seu papel de docente. Essa instabilidade com que se processam as relações com o conhecimento tem atribuído essas novas características a identidade do docente.
Sentidos formativo e didático das tecnologias digitais
Authors: Nakashima Rosária Helena Ruiz , Ferraz Elzimar Pereira Nascimento
Published: February 2020

O texto apresenta o processo de revisão e reconstrução da disciplina de Didática das licenciaturas em História e em Matemática, na Universidade Federal do Tocantins, integrada à cultura digital, suas possibilidades de interação e produção de conhecimentos. Nesta reflexão pedagógica, buscou-se integrar recursos como Prezi, Wordpress, Moodle e vídeos, nas atividades curriculares, compreendendo sua intencionalidade para a formação político-pedagógica do futuro professor. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa, vinte e um (21) acadêmicos avaliaram o sentido formativo do uso das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) na educação e as respostas foram compreendidas a partir das categorias de análise: especificidade da Didática Geral; reconstrução do conteúdo da Didática e articulação do pensar sobre a metodologia de ensino na Didática e na Didática “vivida” (CANDAU, 1996). As respostas dos acadêmicos revelaram a importância do trabalho de mídia-educação, como um tema transversal na formação inicial de professores como “condição de pertencimento e de cidadania instrumental e cultural” (FANTIN, 2012) na atualidade.
Analisis Kesalahan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Geometri
Authors: Pranyata Yuniar Ika Putri
Published: February 2020

Geometri merupakan cabang ilmu matematika yang penting dan dipelajari mulai dari usia dini sampai tingkat perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan mahasiswa pendidikan matematika dalam menyelesaikan soal geometri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan analisis kesalahan yang didasarkan pada tahapan Polya. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 22 mahasiswa pendidikan matematika Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang angkatan 2016 dengan prosedur pengumpulan data melalui tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 10 mahasiswa berkemampuan matematika yang baik, memiliki kesalahan: penyimpulan jawaban kurang sesuai yang dikehendaki soal ditandai dengan kurang menuliskan satuan pengukuran, salah proses perhitungan serta menggunakan rumus yang salah. Pada 4 mahasiswa berkemampuan sedang, kesalahan yang terjadi adalah kurang paham maksud soal sehingga sebagian informasi saja yang dapat digunakan, kurang bisa dalam mengaitkan informasi dengan rumus geometri yang akan digunakan yang mengakibatkan kesalahan perhitungan dan penyimpulan. 8 mahasiswa dengan kemampuan kurang, memiliki kesalahan: tidak memahami maksud soal, tidak bisa membuat ilustrasi geometri sehingga salah dalam pemilihan rumus geometri sampai pada langkah penyimpulan.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Team Assisted Individually dengan Crossword Puzzle Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hakim Arief Rahman , Yuniasih Nury , Rosdianti Rosdianti
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the Team Assisted Individually (TAI) learning model through crossword puzzles on student learning interests. This study uses a quantitative research approach with a Quasi Experimental Design research design with the Nonequivalent Control Group Design research design. The sample used was VA class students totaling 37 students as the experimental class and VB class totaling 38 students as the control class at SDN Bandungrejosari 3 Malang City. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Based on the results of hypothesis testing using the t-test with the help of the SPSS 16.0 program for windows, the ttable value was 1.666 and the tcount was 16.136. Sig value (2-tailed) of 0,000. Because the value of tcount > ttable (16,136 > 1,666) and significant 0,000 < 0,05, Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, so it is concluded that there is a significant effect of the Team Assisted Individually (TAI) learning model through crossword puzzle on the learning interest of students in class V SDN Bandungrejosari 3 Malang City.
New Materials and Technologies for Life-Lasting Cement Sheath: A Review of Recent Advances
Authors: Jafariesfad Narjes , Sangesland Sigbjørn , Gawel Kamila , Torsæter Malin
Published: February 2020

The key objective of well cementing has always been to provide zonal isolation in oil, gas, and carbon dioxide (CO2) storage wells to ensure safety and prevent environmental problems. The loss of zonal isolation and wellbore failures are mostly associated with inappropriate cementing and/or cement-sheath stability problems. Depending on the operations in a well, the cement sheath can experience a range of conditions that might induce its failure. To provide a long-term zonal isolation, the cement sheath should be designed to work throughout the entire lifetime of a well. Advances in materials and technologies, such as nanomaterials, polymeric materials, controlled processes, and electrokinetic processes, are currently implemented, and can further be implemented, by the cement industry to solve problems encountered in oil/gas well cementing. This paper provides a review of advances in applications of nanomaterials in oil/gas well cementing. These include expansive nanoadditives for shrinkage mitigation, nanorubber (NR)/flexible particles for modifying mechanical properties, and charged nanoparticles for hardened-cement treatment. In addition, new technologies, such as electrokinetic methods, self-sealing processes, and controlled-release processes for adjusting cement properties, are also reviewed. We discuss how these new materials and technologies can be the solution for providing a life-lasting cement sheath, through enhanced performance of the cement sheath with reasonable cost and minimized environmental effect, both of which have high importance in the oil/gas industry.
High Dose and Low Dose Oxytocin Regimens as Determinants of Successful Labor Induction: A multicenter comparative study
Authors: TESEMMA MELESE GEZAHEGN , Sori Demisew Amenu , Gemeda Desta Hiko
Published: February 2020

Background : Induction of labor by Oxytocin is a routine obstetric procedure. However, little is known regarding the optimal dose of oxytocin so as to bring successful induction. This study was aimed at comparing the effects of high dose versus low dose oxytocin regimens on success of induction.
Methods : Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected hospitals in Ethiopia from October 1, 2017 to May 30, 2018. A total of 216 pregnant women who undergo induction of labor at gestational age of 37 weeks and above were included. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for cleaning and analysis. Chi-square test and logistic regression were done to look for determinants of successful induction. The result was presented using 95% confidence interval of crude and adjusted odds ratios. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.
Result : The mean “Induction to delivery time” was 5.9 hours and 6.3 hours for participants who received high dose Oxytocin and low dose Oxytocin respectively. Higher successful induction (72.2% versus 61.1%) and lower Cesarean Section rate (27.8% vs. 38.9) were observed among participants who received low dose Oxytocin compared to high dose. Favourable bishop score [AOR 4.0 95% CI 1.9, 8.5], elective induction [AOR 0.2 95% CI 0.1, 0.4], performing artificial rupture of membrane [AOR 10.1 95% CI 3.2, 32.2], neonatal birth weight of < 4Kg [AOR 4.3, 95% CI 1.6, 11.6] and being parous [AOR 2.1 95% CI 1.1, 4.0] were significantly associated with success of induction.
Conclusions : In this study, Different oxytocin regimens didn’t show significant association with success of induction. But, high dose oxytocin regimen was significantly associated with slightly shorter induction to delivery time. Favourable bishop score, emergency induction, performing artificial rupture of membrane and delivery to non-macrosomic fetuses were positive determinants of successful induction.We recommend researchers to conduct multicenter research on a large number of patients that controls confounders to see the real effects of different oxytocin regimens on success of labor induction.
Reducing expression of dynamin-related protein 1 increases radiation sensitivity of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Shen Chiung-Chyi , Cheng Wen-Yu , Chow Kuan-Chih , Chiao Ming-Tsang , Yang Yi-Chi
Published: February 2020

Background: Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is a GTPase involved in mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial protein imports, and drug sensitivity, suggesting an association with cancer progression. This study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of DRP1 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Methods : DRP1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Correlations between DRP1 expression and clinicopathological parameters were by statistical analysis. Differences in survival were compared by a log-rank test. Results : DRP1 expression was detected in 87.2% (41/47) patients with GBM. Patients with higher DRP1 levels had worse survival ( p = 0.0398). In vitro , silencing of DRP1 reduced cell proliferation, invasive potential, and radiation resistance. The addition of shikonin inhibited DRP1 expression and increased drug uptake. Moreover, shikonin reduced the nuclear entry of DNA repair-associated enzymes and increased radiation sensitivity, suggesting that to reduce DRP1 expression could inhibit DNA repair and increase the radiation sensitivity of GBM cells. Conclusions : Our results indicate that DRP1 overexpression is a prospective radio-resistant phenotype in GBM. Therefore, DRP1 could be a potential target for improving the effectiveness of radiation therapy.
Identification and validation of a ten-gene set variation score as a diagnostic and prognostic stratification tools in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Jinmin , Ye Jiazhou , Lin Yan , Bu Kunpeng , Mai Rongyun , Liu Ziyu , Gao Xing , Piao Xuemin , Liang Rong
Published: February 2020

We aimed to identify the progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific gene set. Using the HCC data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we found that 10 genes were gradually up-graduated with the progress of HCC and associated with survival and classed as HCC-unfavorable gene set, while 29 genes were gradually down-graduated and associated with survival and classed as HCC-favorable gene set. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) was used to score individual samples against the two gene sets. ROC curve analysis showed both of HCC-unfavorable GSVA score and HCC-favorable GSVA score were reliable biomarkers for diagnosing HCC, tROC curve analysis and univariate/multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses indicated that HCC-unfavorable GSVA score was an independently prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, the results were validated in an external independent data set. In addition, according to mutation and methylation analysis, we proposed that the aberrant expression of HCC-unfavorable gene may be driven by hypomethylation, not mutation.
Cross-institutional OSCE Quality Assurance in Europe using a mutual assessment strategy; are we equipped for it?
Authors: Kropmans Thomas JB , Søfteland Eirik , Wijnalda Anneke , Thoresen Marie , Hultin Magnus , Geoghegan Rosemary , Kubacki Angela Marie , Stassens Nick , McCarthy Suzanne , Hynes Stephen
Published: February 2020

BackgroundUntil 2008, Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) were well researched, laborious and costly paper based method of exam delivery restricting international comparison. Cross-institutional comparison of OSCE Quality Assurance in Europe has never been done and due to wide spread electronic assessment analysis is now available.MethodsTwenty educational institutions across Europe using an electronic OSCE Management Information System where invited of which 8 confirmed to join a mutual comparison of Quality Assurance outcome. Two theories evaluate the quality of the observed test scores, the Classical psychometric theory (Cronbach’s alpha) and the Generalizability theory. Outcomes for both were compared for all universities including the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) as well as cut-scores, Pass/Fail score and Global Rating Scores, Cronbach’s Alpha and related SEM (68% and 95% CI) and G-theory Coefficients with related absolute and relative SEM (68% and 95% CI). ResultsOutcomes differ between participating universities and observed marks contradict global rating of fail, borderline and excellent performance. G-theory coefficients and Standard Error of Measurement were lower and smaller compared to the classical approach using Cronbach’s Alpha as measure of reliability. The Classical psychometric based SEM varies from 2.8% to 11.2% respectively whereas the 95% CI equivalent varied from 9.2% up to 22% (on a 0 - 100% scale). The relative SEM from G-theory analysis varied from 3.1% to 7.0% for criterion-referenced marks, and the absolute SEM for norm-referenced marks varied from 3.8% to 7.8% respectively. The 95% CI around the relative and absolute SEMs values varied from 7.3% to 15.3%. More students failed the examination if the 95% CI is applied to the observed scores.ConclusionTo protect society and to improve educational decision making, the Standard Error of Measurement and associated confidence intervals needs to be embedded in EU assessment strategies to rule out ‘false positive Pass decisions’.
A novel signature based on six autophagy-related genes for prediction of overall survival in bladder cancer
Authors: Ding Hua , Wang Li-Wei , Zhang Jing-Qi , Liu Sha , Shi Jia-Zhong , Huang Ya-Qin , Zhou Xiao-Zhou , Yang Jin , Chen Zhi-Wen
Published: February 2020

Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common carcinoma worldwide. Due to no improvement in treatment and survival over the past three decades, it is crucial to construct a robust model for risk assessment, prognosis prediction and refinement of therapy in clinical practice. The autophagy-related genes, with a key role in cancer biology, could have potential for prediction of survival or assistance in decision-making in treatment of bladder cancer. Methods Level 3 mRNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (TCGA-BLCA) was downloaded. We obtained 51 autophagy-related genes after survival analysis. Univariate Cox regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analysis were conducted and a prognostic signature was established. We validated it in GSE13507 from Gene Expression Omnibus and explored the six genes’ methylation levels and their relationships with immune microenvironment and immune cells infiltration in online databases. The signature and independent clinical characteristics were integrated as a nomogram to facilitate treatment decision-making. Results A six-gene prognostic signature was constructed and stratified patients with BC into high-risk and low-risk groups. Meanwhile, it showed a good performance in overall survival prediction. Moreover, we found aberrant methylation in these genes and associations between them and tumor immune microenvironment and immune cells infiltration. Last, we demonstrated the independence of this signature from clinical parameters and a great value in treatment decision-making after its integrating with independent clinical factors. Conclusion The proposed six-gene signature showed promise for risk assessment and individualized survival prediction of BC and a nomogram based on it may facilitate the refinement of therapy.
The fecal microbiota evolves differently in piglets experimentally infected with Cystoisospora suis that are treated with toltrazuril
Authors: Shrestha Aruna , Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U. , Karembe Hamadi , Sperling Daniel , Joachim Anja
Published: February 2020

Background: The protozoan parasite Cystoisospora suis causes diarrhea and reduced weight gain in suckling piglets. Infections with C. suis occur in the first days of life; it is transient but can lead to dysbiosis, exacerbating disease and increasing mortality. Cystoisosporosis is effectively controlled by toltrazuril treatment; however, alterations of the gut microbial composition upon infection and treatment have not been investigated. This study evaluated the development of fecal microbiota of C. suis infected piglets in response to treatment with toltrazuril.Methods: Thirty-eight conventional piglets were infected with C. suis on the first day of life (dol 1). Twenty-six of them received either parenteral or oral toltrazuril two days later. Fecal samples were collected pre- and post-weaning (dol 1-15 and 31-38) for microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and during dol 5-18 to determine fecal consistency and parasite excretion.Results: All piglets in the control group shed parasites at least once and the majority developed diarrhea, while toltrazuril-treated piglets did not excrete parasites and only had low levels of diarrhea. Age-related shifts in the fecal microbiota composition and increase in diversity and species richness were seen until after weaning. Infection with C. suis disrupted bacterial maturation two weeks after infection. Irrespective of the route of administration, fecal communities of piglets in the treated groups clustered separately and were more diverse compared to that of control piglets during the acute phase of infection on dol 11. Control piglet feces showed higher levels of Fusobacteriaceae and Veillonellaceae, while Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, S24-7, Clostridiaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were more abundant in feces of treated piglets on dol 11. After weaning, treatment-related effects on the microbial communities diminished and were presumably masked by changes associated with weaning.Conclusion: Irrespective of the administration route, toltrazuril prevented C. suis-related dysbiosis and maintained species richness and diversity on dol 11. In addition to cystoisosporosis prevention, toltrazuril seems to contribute to the stabilization of the gut microbial development during the suckling phase and thus may reduce the need for antibiotics to control infections with secondary bacterial enteropathogens in C. suis-infected suckling piglets.
Detection of Raised Intracranial Pressure in Craniosynostosis using Optical Coherence Tomography: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Rufai Sohaib R , Jeelani Noor ul Owase , McLean Rebecca J
Published: February 2020

Introduction Craniosynostosis is characterised by the premature fusion of cranial sutures. This can be associated with raised intracranial pressure (ICP), which can lead to developmental delay, visual impairment and death. Treatment involves surgical expansion of the skull vault. There is no consensus over who to treat and when. Intracranial pressure is difficult to estimate in a child and existing methods possess sub-optimal diagnostic accuracy to be employed as screening tools. Here, we propose a systematic review protocol to examine the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in early detection of raised ICP in craniosynostosis. Methods Electronic searches in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and Embase will identify studies featuring OCT in detecting raised ICP in children with craniosynostosis. Two independent researchers will identify studies for inclusion using a screening questionnaire. Quality will be assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The primary outcome measure is the sensitivity and specificity of OCT in detecting raised ICP in children with craniosynostosis. Secondary outcomes measures include the sensitivity and specificity of other surrogate measures for raised ICP, OCT parameters used and normal ranges for ICP reported. A formal narrative synthesis with descriptive statistics will be presented. Discussion The proposed study will be the first to examine the role of optical coherence tomography in the early recognition of raised intracranial pressure in craniosynostosis, thereby addressing an important clinical problem in paediatric ophthalmology and craniofacial surgery. This systematic review protocol provides transparency to the proposed methods and reduces the possibility of duplication. The proposed methods reflect those prescribed by the Cochrane Collaboration. Systematic review registration International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42019147693
CRESCIMENTO ESPONTÂNEO DE CIDADES DE PEQUENO PORTE E SEUS EFEITOS: O CASO DE MARTINS SOARES - MG
Authors: Rampi Thaynara Breder Lomeu , Espindula Lidiane
Published: February 2020

O crescimento urbano em cidades de pequeno porte tem, recentemente, se tornado alvo de pesquisas devido às transformações que esses espaços sofrem de forma espontânea. Das razões que impulsionam esse desenvolvimento despretensioso pode-se pontuar as ambições individualistas das gestões públicas e da população que, na maioria das vezes, não conhecem ou menosprezam desde as legislações municipais até as federais. Por esta razão, o presente estudo discorre sobre a postura das administrações públicas nos dias atuais ante as políticas públicas de planejamento urbano e a que possíveis consequências estão acometidas ao desvalorizar essas diretrizes. Para tais análises, foi estruturado um levantamento de dados tais como análises fotográficas e das legislações competentes, criação de mapas e ainda visita in loco na cidade de Martins Soares-MG, objeto central da pesquisa, de forma a evidenciar sua estrutura e dinâmica urbana, identificando a satisfatoriedade da adoção ou não de planos para seu correto ordenamento territorial, bem como ser instrumento de conscientização de seus habitantes. Da avaliação das análises, constatou-se que, além da não implantação do Plano Diretor, o não cumprimento e a falta de fiscalização das legislações municipais já existentes resultou e pode ainda acentuar as inadequadas situações que a cidade apresenta.
Ahmet Hamdi Başar’ın Demokrat Parti’deki Yılları
Authors: Serçe Uğur
Published: February 2020

1897 İstanbul doğumlu olan Ahmet Hamdi Başar, henüz Kurtuluş Savaşı yıllarından başlayarak Türkiye’de iktidar çevreleri üzerinde etkili olmaya çabalamış, özellikle iktisadi konularda iktidarlara yol göstermeyi kendine bir anlamda görev addetmiştir. Başar, “iktisadi devletçilik” adını verdiği model çerçevesinde Türkiye’nin kalkınmasının gerçekleştirilebileceğini savunmuş, ancak görüş ve önerileri tek partili dönemin yöneticileri tarafından gerçekçi bulunmamıştır. Tek parti iktidarının ekonomi politikalarını umduğu yönde etkilemeyi başaramayan Başar için çok partili hayata geçiş önemli bir fırsat olma anlamı taşımış; Başar, Demokrat Parti’nin kuruluş çalışmaları içerisinde aktif bir biçimde yer almıştır. Fikir ayrılıkları nedeniyle bir süre sonra partinin kuruluş sürecinden dışlanan Başar, 1950 yılına gelindiğinde ise Demokrat Parti’den milletvekili olmayı başarmıştır. Çalışmada Başar’ın 1950 ile 1953 yılının sonu arasındaki milletvekilliği döneminde öne çıkan faaliyetlerine odaklanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın ana inceleme konusunu, “İktisadi Devletçilik” vasıtasıyla, kontrollü bir biçimde Batılı anlamda bir burjuva sınıfının oluşturulmasını amaçlayan Başar’ın, liberal ekonomi politikalarını benimseyen Demokrat Parti ile ayrıştığı hususlar teşkil etmektedir.
The QSAR Paradigm in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery: From the Virtual Generation of Target Inhibitors to Multi-Scale Modeling
Authors: Kleandrova Valeria V. , Speck-Planche Alejandro
Published: February 2020

Fragment-Based Drug Design (FBDD) has established itself as a promising approach in
modern drug discovery, accelerating and improving lead optimization, while playing a crucial role in
diminishing the high attrition rates at all stages in the drug development process. On the other hand,
FBDD has benefited from the application of computational methodologies, where the models derived
from the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) have become consolidated tools. This
mini-review focuses on the evolution and main applications of the QSAR paradigm in the context of
FBDD in the last five years. This report places particular emphasis on the QSAR models derived from
fragment-based topological approaches to extract physicochemical and/or structural information, allowing
to design potentially novel mono- or multi-target inhibitors from relatively large and heterogeneous
databases. Here, we also discuss the need to apply multi-scale modeling, to exemplify how different
datasets based on target inhibition can be simultaneously integrated and predicted together with
other relevant endpoints such as the biological activity against non-biomolecular targets, as well as in
vitro and in vivo toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties. In this context, seminal papers are briefly
analyzed. As huge amounts of data continue to accumulate in the domains of the chemical, biological
and biomedical sciences, it has become clear that drug discovery must be viewed as a multi-scale optimization
process. An ideal multi-scale approach should integrate diverse chemical and biological data
and also serve as a knowledge generator, enabling the design of potentially optimal chemicals that may
become therapeutic agents.
Biological Responses of Stem Cells to Photobiomodulation Therapy
Authors: Khorsandi Khatereh , Hosseinzadeh Reza , Abrahamse Heidi , Fekrazad Reza
Published: February 2020

Background:

Stem cells have attracted the researchers interest, due to their applications in
regenerative medicine. Their self-renewal capacity for multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory
properties make them unique to significantly contribute to tissue repair and regeneration applications.
Recently, stem cells have shown increased proliferation when irradiated with low-level laser
therapy or Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT), which induces the activation of intracellular and
extracellular chromophores and the initiation of cellular signaling. The purpose of this study was to
evaluate this phenomenon in the literature.

Methods:

The literature investigated the articles written in English in four electronic databases of
PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane up to April 2019. Stem cell was searched by combining
the search keyword of "low-level laser therapy" OR "low power laser therapy" OR "low-intensity
laser therapy" OR "photobiomodulation therapy" OR "photo biostimulation therapy" OR "LED". In
total, 46 articles were eligible for evaluation.

Results:

Studies demonstrated that red to near-infrared light is absorbed by the mitochondrial respiratory
chain. Mitochondria are significant sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria play
an important role in metabolism, energy generation, and are also involved in mediating the effects
induced by PBMT. PBMT may result in the increased production of (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). These changes, in turn, initiate
cell proliferation and induce the signal cascade effect.

Conclusion:

The findings of this review suggest that PBMT-based regenerative medicine could be a
useful tool for future advances in tissue engineering and cell therapy.
Feature Selection Algorithm for High-dimensional Biomedical Data Using Information Gain and Improved Chemical Reaction Optimization
Authors: Zhang Ge , Yu Pan , Wang Jianlin , Yan Chaokun
Published: February 2020

Background:

There have been rapid developments in various bioinformatics
technologies, which have led to the accumulation of a large amount of biomedical data. However,
these datasets usually involve thousands of features and include much irrelevant or redundant
information, which leads to confusion during diagnosis. Feature selection is a solution that consists
of finding the optimal subset, which is known to be an NP problem because of the large search
space.

Objective:

For the issue, this paper proposes a hybrid feature selection method based on an improved
chemical reaction optimization algorithm (ICRO) and an information gain (IG) approach, which
called IGICRO.

Methods:

IG is adopted to obtain some important features. The neighborhood search mechanism is
combined with ICRO to increase the diversity of the population and improve the capacity of local
search.

Results:

Experimental results of eight public available data sets demonstrate that our proposed
approach outperforms original CRO and other state-of-the-art approaches.
Bias-motivated Victimization of Immigrant Students in Schools: Incidence, Impact, and Intervention
Authors: Daly Brian P. , Puhy Chandler E. , Silverstein Michael J. , Jones Lisa
Published: February 2020

Background:

Bias-motivated victimization is common among school-age youth
and is associated with negative academic and emotional consequences. Few studies have
looked at the incidence of various forms of bias-motivated victimization for first- and second-
generation immigrant-origin students even though these students represent an especially
vulnerable population for experiencing bias.

Objective:

The present study investigated whether immigrant-origin students reported higher
incidences of bias-motivated victimization relative to their nonimmigrant-origin peers. For
students who experienced bias-motivated victimization, we examined the impact of these experiences
on levels of distress and examined perceived social and community support between
immigrant-origin and nonimmigrant-origin students.

Methods:

Participants completed the Youth Bias Victimization Questionnaire (YBVQ), a
questionnaire designed to capture information about how often youth experience different
types of bias-motivated victimization.

Results:

Approximately 60% of youth in the full sample reported experiencing one or more
types of bias victimization in their lifetime and this rate was generally equivalent across immigrant-
origin and nonimmigrant-origin participants. For those students who reported at
least one lifetime event of bias victimization, immigrant-origin youth were more likely than
nonimmigrant-origin youth to experience victimization related to peers’ perceptions of their
country of origin or immigrant status. There were no significant differences in reported levels
of distress or perceived social and community support between immigrant-origin and
nonimmigrant-origin youth, regardless of whether they experienced bias-motivated victimization
during their lifetime.

Conclusion:

Clinicians working in school settings should be aware of the high incidence of
students who experience bias-motivated victimization and when indicated provide targeted
intervention services to those negatively impacted by these experiences.
Keefektifan metode CIRC, role playing, dan VCT dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS yang komprehensif
Authors: Hutami Trapsila Siwi , Hastuti Hastuti
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan metode CIRC, Role Playing dan VCT dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS pada aspek: (1) pengetahuan, (2) sikap, dan (3) keterampilan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi experiment. Populasi penelitian ini adalah SMP di Kabupaten Bantul yang menerapkan Kurikulum 2013. Sampel penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, lembar penilaian diri, dan tes kinerja dalam bentuk proyek. Pengujian hipotesis dengan teknik One Way Anova pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada perbedaaan keefektifan antara metode CIRC, Role Playing dan VCT dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS pada aspek pengetahuan; (2) ada perbedaaan keefektifan antara metode CIRC, Role Playing dan VCT dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS pada aspek sikap; (3) ada perbedaaan keefektifan antara metode CIRC, Role Playing dan VCT dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS pada aspek keterampilan. Dengan demikian ketiga metode tersebut mempunyai perbedaan keefektifan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS yang komprehensif. AbstractThis reseacrh aims to determine the effectiveness of CIRC method, Role Playing, and VCT in improving the learning outcomes in social studies in the aspects of: (1) knowledge, (2) attitude, (3) skill. This research is a quasi experiment. The population was the students of a junior high schools in Bantul Regency which have implemented Curriculum 2013. The sample was established using the purposive sampling technique. The data collection used a test, a self esteem sheet, and a test in the form of a project. The hypotesis testing used the One Way Anova technique at the significance level of 0.05. The result of this research shows that: (1) there are some differences in the effectiveness between the CIRC Method, Role Playing, and VCT in improving the learning outcomes in the knowledge aspect of social studies; (2) ) there are some differences in the effectiveness between the CIRC Method, Role Playing, and VCT in improving the learning outcomes in the attitudinal aspect of social studies; (3) there are some differences in the effectiveness between the CIRC Method, Role Playing, and VCT in improving the learning outcomes in the skill aspect of social studies. Therefore, these three methods have the differences in the effectiveness for improving the comprehensive social studies learning outcomes.
The level participation in efforts mount Kelud eruption disaster mitigation in East Java
Authors: Sejati Andri Estining , Hasan Muhammad , Hidayati Desi Nurul
Published: February 2020

Indonesia location is between four plates, there are: Eurasian, Indo-Australian, Philiphines, dan Pasicic. Subduction between plates make Indonesia disturbed a natural incident such as mountain eruption. One of disturbed mountain eruption disaster area is District Ngancar, Kediri Regency. This case because Ngancar location near Kelud slope. People participation for efforts mitigations is very important for reduced natural incident impact. The aim this paper to discuss form and level people participation in District Ngancar for efforts Kelud mountain eruption disaster mitigation. This research is survey with sample 100 from 5.340 head family. The data collected with interview and documentation, then analized by quantitative description with scoring and percentage. The research result showing that people in disaster disturbed zone I, II, and III get participation score each the amount of 1.425, 935, and 1.133. The participation action, include: elucidation disaster, organizing disaster preparedness, preparing self, making early warning system, and saving property.
Infiltrasi budaya global terhadap budaya lokal pesta Baratan dalam mempengaruhi pembentukan budaya kewargaan
Authors: Ulum Amalia Zidatul , Suharno Suharno
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk infiltrasi budaya global dalam pesta  Baratan serta pengaruhnya terhadap perubahan perilaku sosial masyarakat Jepara. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen dan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis interaktif model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan budaya global yang masuk melalui pesta Baratan berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan perilaku sosial yang sedang berkembang dalam masyarakat Jepara. AbstractThis study aims to determine the form of global cultural infiltration in the Baratan festival and its influence on social behavior changes in Jepara society. The study conducted with qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach. The research subjects were determined by purposive sampling technique. The research data were obtained through interviews, observations, and document analysis and were analyzed using the interactive analysis technique of the Miles and Huberman models. The results showed that the global culture that entered through the Baratan festival influenced the formation of social behavior that was developing in Jepara society.
Application of Acceptable Noise Level to Confirm Fitting Strategy for Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid
Authors: You Sunghwa , Lee Jihyun , Han Woojae , Seo Young Joon
Published: February 2020

Since there is no standardized fitting procedure for bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) patients, many clinics have failed to perform their successful fitting. The present case study tried to identify whether acceptable noise level (ANL) was clinically applied as one of fitting procedures for the BAHA users. Four hearing-impaired adults with BAHA (3 female and 1 male) who had a period of hearing deprivation for at least 8 years and the BAHA experience of more than 1 year participated. They conducted ANL in their unaided and aided BAHA conditions after being familiar with the ANL instruction. Also, the subjects responded to a self-report of Korean version of Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (K-PHAB) to subjectively check amount of satisfaction with BAHA. Compared to the unaided condition, two out of four BAHA users showed a decreased ANL in the aided condition whereas the other users had a slightly increased ANL. Regardless, their levels were examined within the permissible range except for one subject. Their K-PHAB scores were similar to the ANL results in the aided condition. Although measured ANLs were slightly differed from the users, the current results suggest that ANL might be a tool to measure individual’s inherent value when the BAHA fitting being appropriated while also supported by K-PHAB scores. In the following study, we need to confirm a typical pattern of many BAHA users with longitudinal measures of ANL.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Avacopan, a C5a Receptor Inhibitor, in Patients With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis Treated Concomitantly With Rituximab or Cyclophosphamide/Azathioprine: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Merkel Peter A , Jayne David R , Wang Chao , Hillson Jan , Bekker Pirow
Published: February 2020

Background

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis is a serious, often life-threatening disease. In new-onset disease or a relapse, the standard treatment is immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids; these therapies are associated with substantial short- and long-term toxicity. Complement component 5a (C5a) binding to C5a receptor (C5aR) may play a central role in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Avacopan is a novel, orally bioavailable, and highly selective antagonist of human C5aR. Avacopan does not interfere with the production of C5b or the membrane attack complex (ie, terminal complement complex) and does not block C5a binding to a second receptor, C5L2 (also called C5aR2), shown to be protective in antimyeloperoxidase glomerulonephritis. This trial will evaluate if avacopan replaces the need for chronic glucocorticoids in the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Objective

The aim of this study is to determine the proportions of patients in remission at week 26 and with sustained remission at week 52, defined as Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score=0, and not taking glucocorticoids within the 4 weeks before week 26 and week 52, respectively.

Methods

The Avacopan Development in Vasculitis to Obtain Corticosteroid elimination and Therapeutic Efficacy study is a randomized, double-blind, active-comparator (prednisone), 2-arm study evaluating the safety and efficacy of avacopan versus prednisone, administered in combination with other immunosuppressive therapy. Eligible subjects will have active disease requiring induction of remission. Subjects are stratified based on the type of immunosuppressive therapy, ANCA subtype, and new or relapsing disease. Target sample size is 300 patients, enrolled at over 200 sites globally. All authors and local ethics committees approved the study design. All patients will provide informed consent.

Results

Enrollment of patients was completed in Q4 2018. Topline results are anticipated to be published by Q3 2020.

Conclusions

Results will be released irrespective of whether the findings are positive or negative.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02994927; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02994927

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/16664