bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple Bonding Interactions in Dimeric Hetero-closo-dodecaborates of Group-14 Elements – A Theoretical Study
Authors: Veerappan Brindha , Sundaram Krishnamoorthy Bellie
Published: September 2024

Context The geometric and electronic structural futures of group-14 hetero-closo-dodecaborates such as monomers [EB11H11]1−, [EB11H11]2− and dimers [(EB11H11)2]2− [E = C, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb] is analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) method. The structural feature such as metrical parameters and binding interactions are theoretically studied. The dispersion correction method has been used to get more insight. The dispersion correction method improves the metrical parameter of group-14 elements towards experimental parameters. The electronic structure of the clusters has been studied using frontier molecular orbital analysis (FMO). It shows the group-14 elements electronic contribution and possible electron delocalization between the cages to stabilize the dimeric clusters. The thermochemistry from numerical frequency analysis suggests the plausible and synthetic viability of the dimeric clusters. The spectroscopic studies (1H, 11B, 13C and 119Sn) elucidate the structures of the cluster with chemical shifts (δ) of lower belt, upper belt and apical boron vertices. The global reactive descriptors and local descriptors are calculated to analyze the philicity of the clusters. According to the descriptor analysis, an identification of reactive sites with respect to an electrophilic and nucleophilic centers of the reactant has been reported.Methods The density functional BP86 with Grimm’s dispersion correction DFT-D3 method has been used to study the bonding interactions of group-14 hetero-closo-dodecaborate dimers. And, the Def2-TZVP basis set applied to this cluster system to investigate electronic structural features using ORCA software (v 5.0.4).
Characterization of oral health status among the institutionalized elderly in a district capital of the central region of Portugal
Authors: Silva Ana Margarida , Figueiredo Cristina , Costa Hélder , Couto Patrícia , Veiga Nélio Jorge , Correia André , Martín Javier Montero
Published: September 2024

Introduction
In the elderly population, oral health is often neglected due to poor oral health literacy. It is fundamental to promote adequate oral health behaviors among the elderly and their caregivers to improve oral hygiene and permit a decrease in the risk of oral and systemic pathology development.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to characterize oral health behaviors and the oral rehabilitation status of the institutionalized elderly that live permanently in nursing homes in a district capital in the central region of Portugal.
Materials and Methods
An observational cross-sectional study was designed, and data collection performed in nursing homes and daycare centers of Viseu, Portugal. The study was carried out based on a convenience sample consisting of 529 patients living in 5 nursing homes of Viseu, Portugal. The data collection was accomplished using the following instruments and methods: two customized questionnaires to assess systemic / oral health and the elderly oral rehabilitation and the intraoral clinical assessment following WHO standardized methodology.
Results
Regarding oral hygiene habits, 81.2% of the elderly accomplish their daily oral hygiene. Also, 44.0% had no teeth in their oral cavity (47.2% women vs 36.3% men, p=0.044). 70.5% confirm having pain and 64.0% of the elderly complains of having chewing difficulties. Regarding the use of dental prosthesis, it was observed that 63.2% of the elderly had dental prothesis (mostly conventional complete dentures) and the remaining 36.8% do not use them, even when they have clinical indication to use. It was found that 84.1% of the participants felt better when placing their dental prosthesis during the day. Considering the prosthetic night rest, it was observed that 57.7% of the participants removed their dental prosthesis at night, with significant statistical differences among gender: 63.7% in the group of women and only 38.3% of the men (p=0.001).
Conclusions
This research demonstrated that nearly one third of the sample do not have a dental prosthesis which is essential to allow better chewing function capacity. Also, oral health behaviors need to be improved and better implemented in nursing homes, namely, prosthetic night rest, daily oral hygiene and more frequent oral health treatment to decrease orofacial pain. Therefore, it is important to continue to develop strategies and join efforts to improve oral health and, consequently, systemic health of institutionalized elderly.
Ontological analysis and disease statistics of wooden coffin paintings from the Qinghai Tibetan Medicine Culture Museum, China
Authors: Li Yanli , Ruan Yuyao , cai Cailuotai , Suo Suonanji , Liu Panpan , Li Yuhu , Xing Huiping
Published: September 2024

The 35 wooden coffin paintings from the Tubo period of the Tang Dynasty, housed in the collection of Qinghai Tibetan Medicine Cultural Museum, are valuable materials for studying Tubo culture. Research has shown that the wood used for coffin paintings was cypress. The adhesives contain bovine collagen and chicken ovalbumin. The pigments used include carbon black, azurite, cinnabar, orpiment, minium, and lead white. This article provides a statistical analysis of the types and areas of diseases that appear in wooden coffin paintings. Through the application of descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, it was determined that deterioration phenomena such as rotten, crack, pulverization, and discoloration disease were particularly pronounced in coffin paintings. Key variables influencing the disease of wooden coffin paintings include crystal salt, drop, and pulverization. The dataset was categorized into three distinct clusters, each exhibiting significant differences. This study offers valuable insights and foundational support for the future conservation and restoration of coffin paintings.
Online Surface Roughness Prediction in Wire-EDM: Experimental Comparative Study of Multiple-Linear Regression and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Yu Sean , Chen Joseph C. , Li Ye
Published: September 2024

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (Wire-EDM) is renowned for its precise material removal and superior surface roughness (Ra). However, in-process variations can lead to defects in mass production, necessitating time-consuming and labor-intensive post-production quality checks. This research aims to develop an online surface roughness prediction model using both multi-linear regression and Fuzzy Logic. Duplex stainless steel 2507 was selected as the test material, and a design of experiment was conducted with three controllable parameters: Wire Tension, Supply Voltage and Table Feed Rate, to simulate the variance and uncertainties in Wire-EDM operations. The top three real-time data inputs retrieved from the in-machine monitoring system - maximum voltage, current difference, and maximum feed rate - were identified through regression analysis. Predictive models using both Multi-linear regression and Fuzzy Logic were developed, achieving prediction accuracy of 94.47% and 95.75%, respectively. The results show that Fuzzy Logic exhibits a stronger correlation between predicted and actual surface roughness. This system offers a fast and reliable means of predicting surface roughness during Wire-EDM operations, thereby enhancing production efficiency and product quality. Future research could explore the integration of additional sensors or optimizing the prediction model further with alternative methodologies.
The study of motion characteristics of detectors based on magnetic localization technology in a soft granule system
Authors: Pan Yu , Chen Quan , Li Ran , Mu Tongtong , Gui Haijun , Kong Ping
Published: September 2024

The motion of wireless capsule endoscopes (WCE) in the gastrointestinal tract is complex and variable. Measuring its motion patterns accurately is crucial for optimizing diagnostic, therapeutic procedures and improving diagnostic accuracy. To gain a deeper understanding of the motion patterns of WCE in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly its behavior in different regions. A simulation measurement system based on magnetic localization technology is proposed in a laboratory environment. We designed a cylindrical-conical-cylindrical structure simulation device. The free fall motion of soft hydrogel granules is designed to mimic fluid motion in the gastrointestinal tract. A hard-targeted pellet with a permanent magnet simulated the WCE. It measured parameters such as trajectory, vertical velocity, vertical acceleration, and attitude angle of the targeted pellet during its drop at different initial positions in a silo during unloading in a soft granules environment were measured. The experimental results reveal the motion characteristics of a hard pellet in a silo during unloading in a soft granules environment, in the specific wide channel region, as well as in the transition region from the wide channel to the narrow channel. These findings provide data references for understanding the dynamic behavior of WCE in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby aiding in optimizing WCE design and enhancing its clinical efficacy.
A comparison of six voxel-based data structures for part geometry and cutter-workpiece engagement computations in multi-axis virtual milling
Authors: Nie Zhengwen , Cao Jiabin , Zhao Yiyang , Zhang Lin , Liu Xun , Xu Yan , Zhao Yanzheng
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an efficient method for computing machined part geometry and cutter-workpiece engagement in general multi-axis milling. The milling process in this work is simulated by multi-level voxel update and edge intersection point update in sub-voxel level. The computed intersection points are used not only for building the machined part mesh model via dynamic marching cubes algorithm, but also for determining the instantaneous cutter-workpiece engagement region. The multi-level representation of the workpiece enables batch processing of affected voxels and minimal intersection calculations for more rapid and accurate modeling results. Virtual prototyping of the milled part geometry is critical for tool path planning, while cutter-workpiece engagement is one of the most important inputs for cutting force prediction. In a series of test cases, the proposed method has shown satisfactory modeling accuracy and higher efficiency compared to the tri-dexel model. More importantly, this volumetric method is implemented on six different data structures which are obtained by combining the fundamental spatial decomposition strategies. The efficiency characteristics of the resulting data structures are studied quantitatively which will help select the most appropriate scheme according to the performance requirements and realize its full potential for improved efficiency by choosing the optimal branching factors.
Mitochondrial related genome-wide mendelian randomization identifies putatively causal genes in the pathogenesis of sepsis
Authors: Sun Jiaojiao , Wu Yaxian , Jin Sihao , Li Xiaolin , Chen Fan , Zhu Jun , Liu Chuanxin , Man Lingyun , Huang Rixiang , Burgess Smith , Wong Yuan , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: September 2024

Background
The dysfunction of mitochondria has been associated with the development of sepsis, but the specific mitochondrial-related genes and their roles in sepsis have not been fully elucidated. We employed Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis to investigate the association between mitochondrial-related genes and sepsis by integrating multi-omics data.
Methods
Summary-level data on mitochondrial gene methylation, expression, and protein abundance levels were obtained from corresponding studies on methylation, expression, and protein quantitative trait loci, respectively. Genetic associations with sepsis were obtained from the GWAS catalog database. We utilized the MitoCarta3.0 database, which contains an updated list of 1,136 human mitochondrial genes, to identify mitochondrial genes. To assess the associations between mitochondrial gene-related molecular features and sepsis, we conducted summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis. Additionally, we performed colocalization analysis to determine whether the identified signal pairs shared a causal genetic variant.
Findings
After integrating the multi-omics data between mQTL-eQTL and eQTL-pQTL, we identified FIS1 as having tier 1 evidence for its association with sepsis. Methylation of cg01299997 in FIS1 was found to be associated with lower expression of FIS1, an increased risk of sepsis, and a positive role in cg01299997 methylation. Furthermore, NUDT2, IMMP2L, LYRM4, MRPL10, MRPL17, MTIF3, and TFAM genes were associated with sepsis risk with tier 2 evidence. Both gene expression and protein abundance levels of NUDT2 were observed to be associated with an increased risk of sepsis. Additionally, ATP5MC1 and VWA8 genes were associated with sepsis risk with tier 3 evidence. Among these tertiary genes, ATP5MC1 gene expression level showed a negative correlation (PPH4=0.9242), while the gene expression level of VWA8 exhibited a positive correlation (PPH4=0.7270).
Interpretations
We found that the mitochondrial FIS1, NUDT2, IMMP2L, LYRM4, MRPL10, MRPL17, MTIF3, TFAM, ATP5MC1 and VWA8 gene was putatively associated with sepsis risk with evidence from multi-omics levels. This study identified mitochondrial genes in relation to sepsis, which may enhance the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis development.
Funding
This work was supported by the Wuxi Health Commission Scientific Research Project [grant number No. Z202102].
Characteristics of Japanese Teenage Suicide Attempters: A Retrospective Study Comparing Suicide Attempters with Young Adults
Authors: Narishige Ryuichiro , Otaka Yasushi , Tateno Amane
Published: September 2024

Background
Teenage suicide-related behaviors have been highlighted in Japan in recent years, but the background factors and characteristics of these behaviors have not been clarified. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of teenage suicide attempters who were admitted to an emergency room.
Methods
The subjects were suicide attempters in their teens and twenties who were admitted to the Critical Care Medical Center of Nippon Medical School Hospital between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2021. The means of suicide attempt, sociodemographic data, psychiatric diagnoses, and causes and motives of suicide attempts were retrospectively examined from medical records. Teenage suicide attempters were compared to those in their twenties for the acquired data, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence on teenage suicide attempts of the aspects that have been shown to be closely associated with teenage suicides.
Results
Among the 860 suicide attempters between 2010 and 2021, 59 (6.9%) were teenage suicide attempters and 216 (25.1%) were suicide attempters in their twenties. The large number of females, history of self-harm, the great number of drug overdoses as a means of suicide attempts, and the large number of individuals with psychiatric disorders, especially with mood disorders and personality disorders, were commonly shared by suicide attempters in their teens and twenties. On the other hand, family problems, school problems and autism spectrum disorder significantly influenced teenage suicide attempters.
Conclusions
It was suggested that teenage suicide attempters may have attempted suicide due to environmental difficulties and conflicts about not being able to escape from them. It has become clear that teenage suicide attempters have unique characteristics and background factors, and that it is important to take these into account when taking measures to prevent teenage suicides.
Genetic diversity and characterization of the growth promotion mechanisms of Burkholderia vietnamiensis isolates from rice cultivars in valleys of the high jungle of Peru.
Authors: Meza-Catalán Patricia Pilar , Asencios-Sifuentes Nayza Rosmery , Ocaña-Rodríguez Ángel Willian , Chávez-Galarza Julio César , Bena Gilles , Valdez-Nuñez Renzo Alfredo
Published: September 2024

Burkholderia is a versatile bacterial genus and from a biotechnological point of view it is a source of various secondary metabolites with enormous application potential, especially in agriculture. The aim of this study was to isolate Gram-negative diazotrophic endophytic bacteria from rice roots, to select and study the genetic diversity of strains of the genus Burkholderia, as well as the growth promotion mechanisms and the effect of their inoculation in two rice cultivars. Seventy-eight Gram-negative diazotrophic isolates were obtained from 132 root samples of different rice varieties, of which only 5.13% was positive for recA gene amplification with specific Burkholderia primers. Sequence analysis showed high similarity with B. vietnamiensis. These strains produced auxin in broth supplemented with tryptophan (up to 13.98 µg mL-1), siderophores (up to 139.52%), phosphate solubilization (up to 15.99 mg PO4 mL− 1), so too antibiotic and antagonist capacities against five rice pathogenic fungi. These strains increased the vigour index in two rice cultivars compared to the uninoculated or unfertilised treatment. The accumulation of total biomass was high in one strain, with significant differences observed in the response to inoculation at the cultivar level. The antibiotic and antifungal activities of B. vietnamiensis strains against the two pathogenic fungi Nakataea sigmoidea and Nigrospora oryzae are described for the first time. Due to the taxonomic affinity of our strains within the Burkholderia cepacia complex, their direct use in agriculture is not recommended; however, further research is required to exploit their biotechnological potential for the synthesis of useful metabolites.
UAV Selection for High-Speed Train Communication using OTFS Modulation
Authors: Mohamed Ehab
Published: September 2024

Providing continuous wireless connectivity for high-speed trains (HSTs) is challenging due to their high speeds, making the installation of numerous ground base stations (BSs) along the HST route an expensive solution, particularly in rural and wilderness areas. This paper proposes using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to deliver high data rate wireless connectivity for HSTs, taking advantage of their ability to fly, hover, and maneuver at low altitudes. However, autonomously selecting the optimal UAV by the HST is challenging. The chosen UAV should maximize the HST’s achievable data rate and provide an extended HST coverage period to minimize frequent UAVs handovers, constrained by the UAV’s limited battery capacity. The optimization challenge arises from accurately estimating each UAV’s expected coverage period for the HST, given both are moving at high speeds and the UAV’s flying altitude is unknown to the HST. This paper utilizes the estimated HST-UAV channel parameters in the delay-doppler (DD) domain, employing orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation, to estimate the relative speeds between the HST and UAVs, as well as the UAVs’ flying altitudes. Based on these estimates, HST can predict the maximum coverage period provided by each UAV, allowing for the selection of the best UAV while considering their remaining battery capacities. Numerical analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to other benchmarks in various scenarios.
ChatGPT's Performance in Supporting Physician Decision-Making in Nephrology Multiple-Choice Questions
Authors: Noda Ryunosuke , Tanabe Kenichiro , Ichikawa Daisuke , Shibagaki Yugo
Published: September 2024

Background
ChatGPT is a versatile conversational AI capable of performing various tasks, and its potential use in medicine has garnered attention. However, whether ChatGPT can support physicians' decision-making remains unclear. This study evaluated ChatGPT's performance in supporting physicians with answers to nephrology written examinations.
Methods
We extracted 45 single-answer multiple-choice questions from the Core Curriculum in Nephrology articles published in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases from October 2021 to June 2023. Eight junior physicians without board certification and ten senior physicians with board certification, as well as the ChatGPT GPT-4 model, answered these questions. The physicians answered twice: first without ChatGPT's support and then with the opportunity to revise their answers based on ChatGPT's output. We statistically compared the proportion of correct answers before and after using ChatGPT.
Results
ChatGPT had a proportion of correct answers of 77.8%. The mean proportion of correct answers from physicians before using ChatGPT was 50.8% (standard deviation [SD] 7.5) for junior physicians and 65.3% (SD 5.9) for senior physicians. After using ChatGPT, the proportion of correct answers significantly increased to 72.2% (SD 4.6) for junior physicians and 77.1% (SD 4.2) for senior physicians (junior physicians: p < 0.001, senior physicians: p < 0.001). The improvement of the proportion of correct answers was significantly higher for junior physicians than senior physicians (p = 0.015). Both groups decreased the proportion of correct answers in one of the seven clinical categories.
Conclusions
ChatGPT significantly improved the accuracy of physicians' answers in nephrology, especially for less experienced physicians, although it also suggested potential negative impacts in a specific subfield. Careful consideration is required regarding using ChatGPT to support physicians' decision-making.
Filling the Gap: Duality, Ambivalence and Samaj in Rural Darjeeling Hills
Authors: Saha Biswanath , Chakraborty Gorky
Published: September 2024

The literature on the fuzziness of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in rural areas of the Darjeeling hills has been elusive. The recent PRI election was conducted in 2023 after a gap of almost two decades. Between 2005 and 2023, the system of governance prevailing in the rural Darjeeling hills also failed to attract academic scrutiny. Is the system, which fills the gap, primordial or just temporary to augment the governance vacuum created from 2005–2023? Surprisingly, during the same period, urban areas functioned well under the regular elected municipalities. Moreover, a contrasting picture also emerges when we juxtapose rural governance in the plains vis-à-vis the hills within the same district. Therefore, why does this duality of governance exist in the Darjeeling hills? Furthermore, despite being the epicenter of self-rule mobilisation (Gorkhaland Movement) for a long period of time, why has it fallen short in accommodating the demand for a functional PRI structure for hills? On the basis of fieldwork, it analyses the irregular skeletal system that has been perpetuating in hills in the name of local governance in rural areas. In addition, how do the rural hill dwellers in Darjeeling negotiate everyday grievances in such a state of exception?
Kind – Algorithmus – Welt
Authors: Ernst Julian
Published: September 2024

Algorithmische Empfehlungssysteme – sogenannte Recommendation Engines – sind zentraler Bestandteil von Plattformen wie TikTok oder YouTube. Auf diesen Plattformen interagieren Kinder regelmässig mit Recommendation Engines und erwerben Kompetenzen im alltäglichen Umgang mit diesen. Welche Relationen sich dabei zwischen Kindern und algorithmischen Empfehlungssystemen konstituieren, welcher Weltbezug dabei hergestellt wird und inwiefern dies für die (Medien)Sozialisation von Bedeutung ist, steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags. Grundlage ist eine qualitative Untersuchung des kindlichen Verstehens von Videoempfehlungen auf YouTube im Schweizer Kanton Zürich. Aus einer postphänomenologischen Perspektive werden Alltagserfahrungen mit algorithmischen Empfehlungen exemplarisch auf die darin zum Vorschein kommenden Relationen zwischen Kindern und YouTubes Recommendation Engine analysiert. Abschliessend werden Potenziale der Postphänomenologie für die Erforschung von (Medien)Sozialisationsprozessen diskutiert.
Bericht über das 11. Treffen der AG „Grammatikdidaktik und Sprachbetrachtung“
Authors: Kellermann Katharina , Börjesson Kristin , Janzon Lukas
Published: September 2024

Der Beitrag berichtet über das 11. Treffen der AG „Grammatikdidaktik und Sprachbetrachtung“, welches vom 12. bis 13.04.2024 an der Universität Kassel stattgefunden hat. Ziel des Treffens war es, eine erneute und grundlegende Diskussion über Konzeptionen des Grammatikunterrichts und die Legitimierung eines eigenständigen Grammatikunterrichts zu führen, um innerhalb der Fachdisziplin eine Standortbestimmung vorzunehmen. Dabei wurden Fragen nach den Konzeptionen des grammatischen Lernens und Lehrens von Aspekten flankiert, die beispielsweise die kognitiven Prozesse bei der Auseinandersetzung mit grammatischen Strukturen oder das Verhältnis zwischen sprachlicher und metasprachlicher Entwicklung betreffen.
Cultivation Strategies to Modify Biomass Partitioning and Improve Yield in Controlled-environment Production of High-cannabidiol Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Alden Michael J. , Faust James E.
Published: September 2024

Two common challenges reported by cannabis growers are low yields and small profit margins. Although recent research of cannabis yield has focused on lighting and nutrition, little research has examined how changes in other cultivation practices may be beneficial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the following two techniques to potentially improve yield: fertilizer restriction (FR) to reduce plant size and, thus, increase plant density and shoot number manipulation (SNM) to reduce shoot length and improve biomass partitioning. The FR technique involves leaching the substrate and providing only tap water for 0, 1, or 2 weeks at the start of flower initiation, whereas SNM involves pinching shoot tips 2, 3, or 4 times to produce 4, 8, or 16 shoots/plant, respectively. This study used a full factorial treatment design for a total of nine treatments (three FR × three SNM). Plants were flowered under 12-hour photoperiods for 8 weeks and then destructively harvested for data collection. The results demonstrated that both techniques improve plant productivity in different ways. The FR technique reduced all mass measurements (g/plant) and decreased plant area (m2/plant); therefore, the yield metrics (kg·m−2) increased with the increasing FR treatments. The SNM technique did not affect plant area, but more pinching events resulted in a decrease in reproductive shoot length (cm/shoot) and an increase in inflorescence to trim the dry mass ratio (inflorescence:trim). Shorter shoot lengths are desirable for eliminating trellis support netting, which helps growers reduce material costs and improve labor efficiency during harvest. Increasing the inflorescence:trim may also reduce labor costs related to trimming, which comprise the largest cost of production by many growers. Although both techniques offer advantages, there are trade-offs that must be considered in the context of overall profitability.
Sink Strength Dynamics Based on Potential Growth and Carbohydrate Accumulation in Strawberry Fruit
Authors: Nakai Hiromi , Yasutake Daisuke , Hidaka Kota , Miyoshi Yuta , Eguchi Toshihiko , Yokoyama Gaku , Hirota Tomoyoshi
Published: September 2024

Fruit size and sugar content are key determinants of fruit quality, influenced by environmental factors and agronomic practices and sink strength provided by the genetic potential. Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) produces fruits arranged in inflorescences, whose growth is affected by carbon competition between them. The competitive ability is termed as sink strength, which can be quantified as the potential growth rate under sufficient resource supply and/or no carbon competition among sinks, referred to as non-limiting conditions. Most previous studies did not observe potential growth, thereby failing to adequately evaluate sink strength and to assess the influence of environmental factors and agronomic practices on fruit growth. This study aimed to investigate the potential growth of strawberry fruits and analyze its sink strength dynamics. Non-limiting conditions were established by removing flowers to one fruit per inflorescence in a greenhouse experiment with plants grown in soil and given water and nutrients through drip irrigation. Fruits were harvested every 5 days from 5 to 55 days after anthesis (DAA), measuring the size, weight, and concentrations of major soluble carbohydrates in strawberry (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) and starch. Sink strength was represented by absolute growth rate based on fruit weight, and its components, sink size and sink activity, were represented by weight and relative growth rate, respectively. Fruit volume and weight showed a gradual linear increase at 5 DAA and then rapidly increased, following a single sigmoid curve between 30 and 55 DAA. Fruits primarily accumulated glucose and fructose during early growth, shifting to sucrose after 35 DAA. Starch concentration peaked at 5 DAA and then exponentially decreased. Sink strength exhibited a single peak between 40 DAA and 45 DAA. Sink strength gradually increased with sink size until 30 DAA, whereas sink activity significantly decreased until 30 DAA. Thereafter, sink strength and sink activity exhibited a peak, whereas sink size continued to increase. These results suggest that the major determinant of sink strength was sink size during early fruit growth, shifting to sink activity during late growth.
Implementation of composite paper-based coating for reducing room temperature under galvalume roofing
Authors: Bintarto Redi , Purnowidodo Anindito , Darmadi Djarot B. , Widodo Teguh Dwi
Published: September 2024

The increasing amount of paper waste can be enhanced in its utility by transforming it into composites to utilize it as a technology for coating metal roofs to absorb heat. Various paper types have been proven to reduce heat inside the room below when applied to Galvalume roofs. Therefore, multiple types of paper waste are highly suitable for metal roof coatings. This research investigates whether differences in the types of paper mixed with epoxy and applied to the surface of Galvalume roofs will affect the temperature reduction inside the room. These differences in paper types also affect the level of thermal conductivity when measured with the same instruments and dimensions. Data were obtained by mixing small-sized cut paper materials and layering them on Galvalume sheets with the help of epoxy as an adhesive. The temperature data collection process was conducted by preparing 6 boxes with 4 thermocouples supplemented with thermal imaging testing. To broaden the analysis, images of the roof were also taken and analyzed for color to assess the extent of sunlight absorption and reflection on the roof. Four thermocouples were placed 20cm above the roof, above the composite, below the Galvalume, and 40cm below the roof or inside the room. Thermal conductivity data were analyzed separately and integrated with roof color data, further corroborated with temperature data collected by the thermocouples. The four sensors can determine the temperature inside and around the room, focusing on the temperature around the installed composite roof. The analysis shows that adding paper and epoxy-based composites can reduce the thermal conductivity of Galvalume roofs and lower the temperature inside the room below it. Compared to a Galvalume roof without coating, the composite coating with cardboard paper is the most effective, with an estimated average room temperature reduction of 1.9 degrees Celsius. For reducing the air temperature above the roof, the newspaper coating is the best choice, with an estimated average temperature decrease of 2.6 degrees Celsius
Analysis of an enhanced random forest algorithm for identifying encrypted network traffic
Authors: Yang Xiaoqing , Angkawisittpan Niwat , Feng Xinyue
Published: September 2024

The focus of this paper is to apply an improved machine learning algorithm to realize the efficient and reliable identification and classification of network communication encrypted traffic, and to solve the challenges faced by traditional algorithms in analyzing encrypted traffic after adding encryption protocols. In this study, an enhanced random forest (ERF) algorithm is introduced to optimize the accuracy and efficiency of the identification and classification of encrypted network traffic. Compared with traditional methods, it aims to improve the identification ability of encrypted traffic and fill the knowledge gap in this field. Using the publicly available datasets and preprocessing the original PCAP format packets, the optimal combination of the relevant parameters of the tree was determined by grid search cross-validation, and the experimental results were evaluated in terms of performance using accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score, which showed that the average precision was more than 98 %, and that compared with the traditional algorithm, the error rate of the traffic test set was reduced, and the data of each performance evaluation index were better, which It shows that the advantages of the improved algorithm are obvious. In the experiment, the enhanced random forest and traditional random forest models were trained and tested on a series of data sets and the corresponding test errors were listed as the basis for judging the model quality. The experimental results show that the enhanced algorithm has good competitiveness. These findings have implications for cybersecurity professionals, researchers, and organizations, providing a practical solution to enhance threat detection and data privacy in the face of evolving encryption technologies. This study provides valuable insights for practitioners and decision-makers in the cybersecurity field
Optimized impact resistance in sealed plastic cup lids through integrated finite element analysis and drop tests
Authors: Janlasad Nadnalin , Tangchaichit Kiatfa
Published: September 2024

This study explores the impact of varying rim widths on the structural integrity and impact resistance of plastic cup lids sealed with laminate film. Employing a quantitative approach, Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations and empirical drop tests were conducted to address a notable gap in the field of packaging engineering. The research findings reveal that decreasing the rim width from 5 mm to 2 mm significantly lowers the threshold for damage from a drop height of 1.55 meters to approximately 1.30 meters, underscoring a direct relationship between rim width and lid durability under transportation stresses.
The study highlights that narrower rims lead to heightened stress concentrations at lower drop heights, thus increasing the likelihood of structural failure. Integrating water hammer theory helped elucidate the dynamic responses within the cup structure during impact, providing a detailed analysis of how stress distribution and failure modes are influenced by changes in rim width.
Practical implications of this research are substantial, offering actionable insights for the packaging industry on designing more robust and resource-efficient packaging solutions. By reducing rim width, manufacturers can achieve cost savings and environmental benefits through decreased material usage while maintaining product integrity. Future research directions proposed include applying these insights to a broader range of packaging materials and enhancing the environmental scope of the models to increase their applicability and predictive accuracy in real-world scenarios
Identification of risk factors that are dominant to the vulnerability of buildings due to earthquakes and their mitigation by the importance index method
Authors: Yusuf Moyos Muhammad , Wibowo Ari , Pujiraharjo Alwafi
Published: September 2024

The rapid progress of development in the Surabaya area, especially in areas crossed by the Waru segmentation fault, Wiyung District, and Lakarsantri, is marked by the number of residential developments and tall buildings which will certainly contribute to the value of natural disaster vulnerability, earthquakes. So, to reduce the risk value of loss to casualties and material losses from potential earthquakes, further mitigation is needed. The aim of this study is to determine the dominant factors for building vulnerability and earthquake natural disaster mitigation in the Waru segmentation fault area. One of the analytical methods used is the Importance Index (IMPI) method, this analysis method is carried out to determine the most dominant risk level from existing risks and bowtie analysis is used to manage, reduce and mitigate the most dominant risks. Based on the results of research and risk assessment, the most dominant risk level variable for building vulnerability due to Waru segmentation faults is variable 2 c (finishing with heavy loads such as concrete or precast panels that are not firmly attached to the structure) with an IMPI value of 83.13 %. The presence of finishing with heavy loads such as concrete or precast panels that are not firmly attached to the structure in the event of an earthquake disaster in the Waru Fault will endanger and can bring down people around the building. To reduce the risk of casualties due to earthquakes in the Waru Fault, it is necessary to prevent by providing an additional number of dynabol bolts, enlarging the reinforcement at the façade and canopy joints, locking concrete cavities with special concrete stucco additives and conducting surveillance monitoring during construction
Nonlinear models of the soil base for slab culculations
Authors: Dostanova Saule , Kalpenova Zaure , Shayakhmetov Saulet , Kasymova Gulsum , Tokpanova Kamilya
Published: September 2024

The proposed algorithm for calculating the base of dense clay soils was used in the calculation of rigid airfield and automobile coverings, railway embankments and slab foundations of large structures and in the body of earthworks (earthwork of hydraulic structures, earthwork of railways and highways, earthen dams) under static influences. The results of their numerical calculations showed that the linear models of such structures differ significantly from the real behavior of the soil, taking into account their plastic and rheological properties (sediments are underestimated by 2–3 times). The modules of soil deformation G (shear resistance) decrease when using nonlinear models, which leads to an increase in rheological and plastic properties, this process depends on the rate of intensity of deformations and stresses. All this must be taken into account when constructing and operating large and responsible structures. This requires a deeper study of the soil properties, confirmed by experimental data. In this work the equations of the soil state, experimentally obtained using triaxial compression devices, were used and an algorithm for calculating the soil base was compiled on their basis. The advantage of this algorithm is that it allows to obtain solutions for 3 base models and evaluate their effect on the stress-strain state inside the considered array and under the sole of the slab foundation. This is especially important for predicting the sediment of foundations for large-scale buildings and structures and the operation of the body of earthworks
Emergent generalized symmetries in ordered phases and applications to quantum disordering
Authors: Pace Salvatore D.
Published: September 2024

We explore the rich landscape of higher-form and non-invertible symmetries that emerge at low energies in generic ordered phases. Using that their charge is carried by homotopy defects (i.e., domain walls, vortices, hedgehogs, etc.), in the absence of domain walls we find that their symmetry defects in DD-dimensional spacetime are described by (D-1)(D−1)-representations of a (D-1)(D−1)-group that depends only on the spontaneous symmetry-breaking (SSB) pattern of the ordered phase. These emergent symmetries are not spontaneously broken in the ordered phase. We show that spontaneously breaking them induces a phase transition into a nontrivial disordered phase that can have symmetry-enriched (non-)Abelian topological orders, photons, and even more emergent symmetries. This SSB transition is between two distinct SSB phases–an ordinary and a generalized one–making it a possible generalized deconfined quantum critical point. We also investigate the ’t Hooft anomalies of these emergent symmetries and conjecture that there is always a mixed anomaly between them and the microscopic symmetry spontaneously broken in the ordered phase. One way this anomaly can manifest is through the fractionalization of the microscopic symmetry’s quantum numbers. Our results demonstrate that even the most exotic generalized symmetries emerge in ordinary phases and provide a valuable framework for characterizing them and their transitions.
Communicative strategies and tactics of manipulation trolls in computer-mediated communication during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Pyatigorsk State University, Gukosiants Olga Iu.
Published: September 2024

The present paper is devoted to the study of the communicative behavior of manipulation trolls that provoke a conflict situation and affect addressees during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of the article is due to the need for a comprehensive study of manipulative influence in the Internet, the development of recommendations for identifying the manipulative intention of the addresser and providing timely counteraction. Research tasks are: to determine the strategies and tactics of manipulative conflict virtual interaction, to calculate the types of manipulation trolls in the Russian-speaking Internet during the COVID-19 pandemic using the example of comments on posts in the LiveJournal and Internet memes. The study showed that the general strategy of manipulation was implemented in two main directions — to establish the opponents’ point of view through reassurance and to incite collectivehatred in order to create their own “support group”. Micro-strategies of exposure, self-presentation and persuasion are recognized as special cases of the general strategy of manipulation. It has been concluded that the micro-strategy of persuasion is implemented through the tactics of referring to authority, reasoning/persuasion and negative scenario, the micro-strategy of exposure — through the tactics of expressing distrust and irony, the micro-strategy of selfpresentation — through the tactics of self-congratulation and distance. Particular attention is paid to verbal and non-verbal markers in the communicative behavior of manipulation trolls. The use of communicative-pragmatic analysis and semiotic analysis to study the structure of the comments, verbal and iconic parts of Internet memes, descriptive method to generalize, systematize, classify and interpret the obtained data made it possible to decode speech tactics and correlate them with communicative micro-strategies used by different types of manipulation trolls. The result of the work is the construction of schemata that reflects types of trolls of the general type “manipulation troll” observed in the analyzed material, the communicative micro-strategies and tactics they implement within the general manipulation strategy.
Contribuições do pós-estruturalismo na pesquisa qualitativa em educação
Authors: Perovano Dalton Gean , Haracemiv Sônia Maria Chaves
Published: September 2024

O artigo demonstra as relações entre perspectivas teóricas pós-estruturalistas e a pesquisa qualitativa em educação, a partir da discussão de seus fundamentos. Traz contribuições filosóficas a partir de Friedrich Nietzsche e Martin Heidegger e recortes teóricos de pesquisadores como Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe, com interesse no pensamento educacional contemporâneo. Adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica como referência, a qual busca tratar da produção científica baseada na análise de categorias teóricas pós-estruturalistas. São destacadas as categorias de sujeito, linguagem, discurso, relações de poder e desconstrutivismo. A investigação demonstra que tais categorias teóricas, articuladas às metodologias qualitativas, permitem a criação de propostas discursivas para o processo de pesquisa, com novos horizontes investigativos. Pode-se inferir que as teorias pós-estruturalistas promovem um rompimento com os modelos lineares presentes nas metodologias estruturalistas.
The Physicochemical Analysis of the Interaction Reaction of Potassium Chloride with Ammonium Hydrosulfate
Authors: Zhumashev Kalkaman , Serikbayeva Akmaral , Bussurmanova Akkenzhe , Akkenzheyeva Anar , Boranbayeva Assiya , Altybayeva Zhansaule , Gusmanova Aigul , Narembekova Aibala , Berdikulova Feruza , Mauleshev Arman , Kenbaev Tugelbai
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This paper represents the results of exploratory research on the production of ammonium-potassium sulfate salt and by-products. Information on the use of the results of fundamental research for the creation of new technological processes is provided. The increase in the range of products based on ammonium salts is a priority task for the industrial enterprise “KazAzot” JSC (Kazakhstan, Aktau). Another task is to expand the areas of application of products with derivatives based on ammonium hydrosulfate. Furthermore, combined fertilizers can be included in the list of products. The aim of the work is to scientifically substantiate physicochemical transformations in reaction mixtures, such as obtaining ammonium-potassium sulfate-fertilizer with three target components.

Methods

The experimental work was conducted in a laboratory shaft electric furnace, with observations of changes in the reaction mass and determination of the pH of the gas phase. The produced products were subjected to an X-ray phase analysis on the diffractometer Miflex 600 (Japan) with CuKɑ. In addition, the physicochemical changes of reaction mixtures and synthesized salts were studied with the help of the derivatograph of the Q-1000/D system by “MOM” F. Paulik, J. Paulik, L. Erdey and LabSys Evo TG-DTA/DTG (Setaram, France), NETZSCH STA 443 F3 in the nitrogen atmosphere. The thermodynamic evaluation of the probability of reactions was obtained using the Astra-4 program complex HCS-5.1 Chemistry (Outokumpu).

Results

It has been established that in the temperature range 157 - 260 0C at equal molar ratios of NH4HSO4÷KSO4 the condensed product of the reaction is a double salt - ammonium-potassium sulfate (NH4KSO4) and its decomposition into constituent sulfates occurs above 260 0C with simultaneous pyrolysis of ammonium sulfate to complete formation of ammonium hydrosulfate and ammonia. At incomplete pyrolysis of ammonium sulfate in the cooled residue is present (NH4)3HS2O8, so salt formed from 2 ammonium sulfates: (NH4)2SO4∙NH4HSO4 and similarly, the product of incomplete decomposition of ammonium-potassium sulfate - NH4KSO4 is KHSO4∙K2SO4.

Conclusion

An increase in the stoichiometric molar ratio in the system «NH4HSO4 ÷ KCl» leads to the formation of more complex hydrated salts and the basic salt of ammonium - ammonium sulfate, and, on the contrary, a decrease in the ratio - to a more basic compound of potassium sulfate.