bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Adding Catfish Bone Flour on the Preference Level of Catfish Meatballs
Authors: A’yun Nabila Qurrata , Junianto . , Suryadi Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina , Pratama Rusky Intan
Published: October 2022

Catfish is a commodity in great demand by the Indonesian people because it is easy to process. The utilization of fish bone waste is not optimal because many people only use meat. Fish bones can be processed into flour as a food additive with high calcium. This research aims to determine the appropriate percentage of catfish bone flour added to catfish meatballs and its effects on the preference level among the panelists. This research was conducted at the Fishery Product Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. This research used an experimental method with 5 treatments of adding catfish bone flour into catfish meatballs: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The assessment of the level of preference was carried out by 20 semi-trained panelists. This research observed the organoleptic attributes (appearance, aroma, taste, and texture) and physical characteristic (folding test). Statistical analysis of this research used non-parametric statistics such as Friedman test, followed by a multiple comparison test, and determined the best treatment using the Bayes method. The results of statistical analysis and Bayes showed that the addition of 10% catfish bone flour to catfish meatballs was the best treatment preferred by the panelists.
Stability Evaluation of Reinforced Slope Soil with Vetiver Grass against Erosion and Landslides Hazards by Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Noël Watha Ndoudy , Adolphe Kempena , Harmel Obami Ondon , Gonçalves Antonio Olimpio , Lacaba Rafael Guardado , Florent Boudzoumou
Published: October 2022

This work studied slopes with different geometric situations. The purpose is to select types of soil for embankment construction to stabilise the site by using nearby accessible filling materials. Then, PLAXIS-2D software was used including five (6) phases of sequential calculation such as soil, structure, mesh generation, conditions of flow and construction stage and the use of Vetiver grass for embakment stability reinforcement. Choices were made on soil properties, loading, water table effect, embankment geometry and reinforcement actions of vetiver grass. The method is based on using diverse filling materials and varied slope gradients with different heights. So, the slope analyse involves homogeneous soils, in addition to slope section by various soils strata. Results obtained showed that the increase in soil shear strength is related to the mechanical effects of vetiver roots and make the soil able to resist shear stress due to the presence of roots density within the soil mass and the root tensile strength. It is also noticed that the soil suction effects and roots reinforcement increased the apparent cohesion of the soil, showing an important role played by vetiver grass in stabilising shallow-seated slopes failure with significant effect on slopes stability.
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in a Nigerian Man with Decompensated Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Onyia Chinwe Philomena , Obienu Olive , Asogwa Promise , Adiri Winifred , Nwoko Ugochukwu , Ijoma Uchenna Nkemdilim , Nwokediuko Sylvester Chuks
Published: October 2022

Hepatopulmonary syndrome is a rare complication of liver disease and portal hypertension. It has not been previously described in medical literature in Nigeria. We report this case of a 64-year-old man who presented with a 3 months’ history of recurrent breathlessness, platypnoea and leg swelling. He had been diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and had variceal band ligation in 2018, and had been managed for 2 episodes of hepatic encephalopathy prior to referral. Physical examination showed he was in respiratory distress, centrally cyanosed, had grade 4 digital clubbing, tachypnoea, platypnoea, orthodeoxia and bibasal coarse crepitations He also had a non-tender hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and ascites with no leg edema. Investigations showed negative screening for hepatitis B and C, elevated AST and GGT, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, negative COVID-19 test, polycythemia, thrombocytopenia, prolonged INR and coarse enlarged liver with irregular margins on ultrasound. Gastroscopy revealed Grade 3 oesophageal varices, Forrest 3 pre-pyloric ulcer and portal hypertensive gastropathy. Spirometry demonstrated a restrictive pattern of airflow limitation.  Contrast echocardiography demonstrated intrapulmonary shunt. Alpha-1- anti-trypsin was not deficient. The peripheral cyanosis resolved with oxygen therapy. He was initially commenced on pentoxyfylline but terminated therapy due to side effects.

The relevant literature was reviewed. Liver transplantation is the only effective therapy for HPS and prompt recognition and referral for transplant is key.

We therefore present the first documented and published case of hepatopulmonary syndrome in Nigeria and the West African sub-region.
Mapping of Geological Lineaments from Different Sun Elevation Angles Using Digital Elevation Model (DEM): A Case Study of Nigeria Geology Map Series Sheet 135 (Duhu Sheet)
Authors: Ndatuwong Lazarus G.
Published: October 2022

The study focuses on the mapping of geological lineaments from the following different sun elevation angles: 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315° of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Four of the images with azimuth; 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° were combined to produce a single image with multi-illumination directions. The images with azimuth; 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315° were equally combined to produce another single shaded relief image with multi-illumination directions. The two multi-illumination direction images were used for the automatic lineament extraction using PCI Geomatica software. The extracted lineaments were overlaid, and duplicate lineaments were eliminated. The final lineaments of the study area were screened using high-resolution Google images for non-geological features. A total of 237 lineaments were extracted, with a total length of 649.77Km, a mean length of 2.742Km and standard deviation of 1.187. The dominant trending pattern in the final lineaments of the study area is NE-SW direction. The Lineament density for the study area ranges from 0 to 1.36 km/sqkm with about 69.1% of the study area being mapped as poor and low density while the high and very high densities area account for just about 30.9% of the study area.
Sinners for Love: A Screenplay Exploring the Destructive Nature of Obsessive Love
Authors: Yuwono Princessa Nathania , Basuki Ribut
Published: October 2022

This thesis is created with the purpose to explore the destructive nature of obsessive love from its reasonings, symptoms, and how it affects people around the perpetrator. While love is a widely-known emotion that has been a norm for everyone, many still do not know the dark side of too much love, which can be the result of mental illnesses such as obsessive love disorder and many more. Obsessive love disorder itself is a mental disorder where someone has an overwhelming obsessive desire to possess and protect another person. Using screenplay as the form and drama-thriller as its genre, I will show the development and symptoms of obsessive love disorder through Sinclair as the main character. She will also show how she manipulates people around her to fulfill her love obsession. In the screenplay, Sinclair will manipulate Charlot’s love for her by using him to get the man she obsessively loves.
A Study of Subtitle Translation Strategies Used to Translate the Offensive Language in Billions
Authors: Hernando Niko
Published: October 2022

This study examines the expressions considered as offensive language produced by all characters in their workplaces in Billions and the subtitle translation strategies used to translate them. The writer applied two theories: Battistella’s (2005) theory of offensive language and Pedersen’s (2011) theory of subtitle translation strategy. This study was done using a qualitative approach. The expressions produced fall into all four categories: Vulgarity, Epithets, Profanity, and Obscenity. In addition, four out of six subtitle translation strategies are used to translate the offensive language: Substitution, Omission, Generalization, and Direct Translation. Both Retention and Specification are not used. Some expressions that are linguistically considered offensive language may not carry the offense when applied in a certain context of the conversation. Substituting the offensive language with another local expression ensures the message is delivered and maintains the unpleasant impression whereas euphemizing or eliminating it may significantly alter the original nuance.
Translation Strategies Used in BCA’s Company Profile
Authors: Djobul Jenifer , Rini Julia Eka
Published: October 2022

This study is done to analyze the translation strategies used in order to translate BCA  company profile from Indonesian to English. In doing the study, the writer uses Baker’s (2018) eight translation strategies as the main theory. The methodology of this study is using the descriptive qualitative approach. The result of the study shows that the translator of BCA company profile is using six out of eight Baker’s (2018) translation strategies (translation by a more general word, translation by a more neutral/less expressive word, translation by a cultural substitution, translation by paraphrase using related word, translation by paraphrase using unrelated word, and translation by omission) in order to translate BCA company profile. The loan word and illustration strategies are both not used in the company profile translation. There is also a part which is  non-translation.
Maleficent’s Personality Changes in Maleficent
Authors: Cornelia Cindy , Limanta Liem Satya
Published: October 2022

In this study, I analyze Maleficent (2014), the first Disney film to place a previously antagonist character into a protagonist in a new film. In this thesis, I found changes in the personality of Maleficent from good to evil and back to good that caused her to experience anxieties. Therefore, I use Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of three fundamental elements of the human psyche (id, ego, and superego), anxiety and defense mechanisms. Based on my analysis, I found that Maleficent becomes evil when her id, ego, and superego are unbalanced, and Maleficent can return to being good when her id, ego, and superego are well-balanced. Moreover, Maleficent experiences reality anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety during the process of her personality changes, and she uses defense mechanisms such as aggression, intellectualization, and apathy to overcome her anxieties.
Adopting and Challenging Traditional Gender Roles in 90s Sitcom Friends
Authors: Angelia Clarissa , Soelistyo Liliek
Published: October 2022

Sitcom has been worldwide famous since the 1950s. Friends is one of the most well-known sitcoms, telling the story of friends who lived in New York City during their youth. I will analyze gender roles issues in Friends. In this study, I will analyze how the six main characters adopt traditional gender roles and how the six main characters eventually challenge them. I use several theories, such as traits of traditional gender roles, theory of gender roles orientation, and theory of egalitarianism. My analysis demonstrates that each of the six main characters adopted at least one trait of traditional gender roles at the beginning of the series. The traits they adopted will be categorized by their personal attitude, social behavior, value, self-concept, and career choice. By the end of the series, the six main characters had eventually challenged traditional gender roles and adopted more to the Egalitarianism theory.
Increasing Maru Design’s Brand Awareness by Making a Promotional Video
Authors: Tabita Amerine
Published: October 2022

Maru Design's main target market is start-up businesses and small to medium business owners, ranging between 20 to 30 years old. Due to COVID-19, Maru Design had a problem managing and dividing the team because the company lacked workforce. Consequently, Maru Design’s Instagram and YouTube page tended to be inactive. As a result, Maru Design was experiencing low brand awareness problem. I conducted an online questionnaire to 102 people who were representatives of Maru Design’s target market, which was Surabaya citizens between the ages of 20 and 40. The solution was creating a promotional video in partnership with Maru Design. This promotional video can be used to increase the brand awareness of Maru Design by showing the unique selling point (USP) of the company. The promotional video was made by applying theories in the steps of making a promotional video (Maguire, 2016) and language used (Samantha, 2014). This video is aimed at improving the company’s brand awareness for future clients. Keywords: Brand Awareness, Promotional Video, Branding
Rhetorical Styles in Janji Jiwa’s Instagram Captions During the Transition of 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Veriona Claudia
Published: October 2022

I undertook this study to present an analysis of the rhetorical styles utilized by Janji Jiwa in writing their Instagram captions and the similarities and differences between the two forms of rhetorical language during the transition period. The language style theory by Keraf (2006) serves as the foundation for this study. I employed a qualitative approach in this research. The findings of the study revealed that Janji Jiwa used rhetorical styles in most of their captions, employing a total of nine distinct rhetorical styles. The comparison was not significant because the company was still in the process of transitioning to the pandemic. In conclusion, Janji Jiwa is considered to have had a good start in dealing with the pandemic transition situation and is still trying to continue to adapt to it. Future research is expected to do the research on the same thing, but in other industries.
Lost Blurs: A Screenplay Exploring Child Neglect
Authors: Hartanto Aloysius Reynaldo Danuega , Basuki Ribut
Published: October 2022

This paper aims at exploring child neglect cases and to raise awareness about it. Child neglect is the failure to provide for the shelter, safety, supervision, and nutritional needs of the child. Child neglect is an underrated topic because it can be difficult to determine whether a parent is neglecting his/her child due to its unintentional nature. This paper explores what child neglect is, the possible effect of it such as disorganized attachment disorder, and ways to recover from said disorder. This paper uses the Attachment Theory by John Bowlby and the finding of the research is in the form of a screenplay. The screenplay uses tragicomedy as its genre, telling a story about a boy, Benny, who was neglected by his father as a child and now suffers from disorganized attachment disorder. Throughout his journey, he tries to recover from it by building trustful relationships and face his father about his neglected past.Keywords: child neglect, disorganized attachment disorder, screenplay, tragicomedy
A Study on the Diffusion of Vertical Fire in a Real Scale Type by Stone and Aluminum Panel Finishing Materials
Authors: Kang Kyeongsin , Chae Seungun , You Jisun
Published: October 2022

When a fire is completely developed, it expands from the inside of the building to the outside through any opening (s) and spreads to the building exterior, resulting in the loss of many lives and properties. As fire safety performance is affected by the construction methods applied and components of building insulation and finishing materials, this study compared and analyzed the internal and external fire spread performances according to the performance of the insulation material (polyurethane) and types of finishing materials. In this study, a cone calorimeter test was conducted according to the KS F ISO 5660-1 standard, and a full-scale mock-up test of exterior wall composite finishing materials was conducted based on the KS F 8414 standard. Consequently, the total heat release (THR) of polyurethane for 10 min after the start of heating was 5.51 MJ/m2. No vertical fire spread occurred in both test specimens to which a stone panel and an aluminum sheet panel were applied; however, the fire spread to the cavity, causing a temperature rise.
Development of Predictive Technology for Damage Caused by Icing on Roads in Gangwon-do
Authors: Lee Hyeong Joo , Lee Keun Woo , Chung Gunhui
Published: October 2022

The number of traffic and fatal accidents caused by road icing in winter has been increasing every year. Since traffic accidents on frozen sections of road can cause serious human and material damage, comprehensive measures are required. To reduce the damage caused by freezing sections in winter in Gangwon-do, this study developed damage prediction technology using data from past damage cases. Traffic accident data on frost and freezing road conditions from 2007 to 2018 were used, and the technology was developed mainly in Gangwon-do. A logistic regression model was implemented for predicting the presence or absence of damage. Variables were selected through the variable selection method and correlation and comparative analyses were conducted. The model developed using the variable selection method was 0.670, and the correlation was large. The model developed using variables showed 0.659. A preliminary preparation using the results of this study will be helpful in preparing for indirect damage caused by heavy snowfall and in decision-making of the relevant public officials.
Experimental Study on Construction Performance of Infilled-Type Fire Resistant Materials
Authors: Kang Kyeongsin , Hong Gihyun , Lee Jaesung
Published: October 2022

In this study, the physical properties of the material were tested to ensure the applicability of the filling-type fireproof construction method when using spraying materials, and the changes in the material in different filling locations were evaluated. The filler, ET-1013 mixture without admixture, showed proper fluidity. When using the lower filling method, cracking and sagging occurred over time because of the increase in internal pressure. At the same time, cracking and deflection did not occur in the case of the upper filling method. The filling tests were performed using manufactured 1,000 and 3,000 mm columns. In the case of the lower filling method, cladding steel plates of the column underwent out-of-plane buckling, and the material separation occurred.
Kinetics of Humoral Immunodeficiency With Bispecific Antibody Therapy in Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hammons Lindsay R. , Szabo Aniko , Janardan Abhishek , Dhakal Binod , Chhabra Saurabh , D’Souza Anita , Mohan Meera
Published: October 2022

This case series describes the kinetics of humoral deficiency in patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma treated with bispecific antibodies, the infectious complications, and response to COVID-19 immunization.
Assessment of Spending for Patients Initiating Dialysis Care
Authors: League Riley J. , Eliason Paul , McDevitt Ryan C. , Roberts James W. , Wong Heather
Published: October 2022

Importance

Despite a widespread belief that private insurers spend large amounts on health care for enrollees receiving dialysis, data limitations over the past decade have precluded a comprehensive analysis of the topic.

Objective

To examine the amount and types of increases in health care spending for privately insured patients associated with initiating dialysis care.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cohort study covering calendar years 2012 to 2019 included patients with kidney failure who had employer-sponsored insurance for 12 months following dialysis initiation. Data analysis was performed from August 27, 2021, to August 18, 2022. The data cover the entirety of the US and were obtained from the Health Care Cost Institute. The data include all medical claims for enrollees in employer-sponsored health insurance plans offered by multiple major health care insurers within the US. Participants included patients younger than 65 years who were continuously enrolled in these plans in the 12 months before and after their first claim for dialysis care. Patients also had to have nonmissing documented key characteristics, such as sex, race and ethnicity, and health characteristics.

Exposures

A claim for dialysis care.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Out-of-pocket, inpatient, outpatient, physician services, prescription medication, and total health care spending. The hypothesis tested was formulated before data collection.

Results

The sample included 309 800 enrollee-months, which was a balanced panel of 25 months for 12 392 enrollees. At baseline, 7534 patients (61%) were male, 5415 (44%) were aged 55 to 64 years, and patients had been enrolled with their insurer for a mean of 30 months (95% CI, 29.9-30.1 months). In the 12 months before initiating dialysis care, total monthly health care spending was $5025 per patient per month (95% CI, $4945-$5106). Dialysis care initiation was associated with an increase in total monthly spending of $14 685 (95% CI, $14 413-$14 957). This increase occurred across all spending categories (dialysis, nondialysis outpatient, inpatient, physician services, and prescription drugs). Monthly patient out-of-pocket spending increased by $170 (95% CI, $162-$178). These spending increases occurred abruptly, beginning about 2 months before dialysis initiation, and remained increased for the subsequent 12 months.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, evidence that private insurers experience significant, sustained increases in spending when patients initiated dialysis was noted. The findings suggest that proposed policies aimed at limiting the amount dialysis facilities charge private insurers and the enrollees has the potential to reduce health care spending in this high-cost population.
Effects of a Narrative-Based Psychoeducational Intervention to Prepare Patients for Responding to Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Li Polly W. C. , Yu Doris S. F. , Yan Bryan P. , Wong C. W. , Yue Sunny C. S. , Chan Cecilia M. C.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Despite decades of educational efforts, patients’ prolonged delays in seeking care for symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain the greatest obstacle to successful management of the condition.

Objective

To compare the effects of a narrative-based psychoeducational intervention with a didactic educative approach on AMI survivors’ intention to seek care for AMI symptoms and on AMI knowledge.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A multisite randomized clinical trial recruited community-dwelling patients aged 18 years or older with a history of AMI from 4 hospitals in Hong Kong from January 1, 2018, to January 22, 2021, and followed up participants for 1 year.

Interventions

An 8-week narrative-based psychoeducational intervention aimed to create a vivid cognitive experience of complex decision-making and modeled desirable behavioral changes through nurse-led, interactive video sessions using model patients. The control group received 4 nurse-led sessions comprising education about AMI and care seeking delivered using a didactic approach.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the behavioral intention between the 2 groups, reflected by participants’ attitudes and beliefs about care seeking for AMI measured using the Acute Coronary Syndrome Response Index—Chinese version. The secondary outcome was AMI knowledge.

Results

Six hundred and eight participants (mean [SD] age, 67.2 [8.3] years; 469 [77.1%] male) were randomized to either the narrative-based psychoeducation group (n = 304) or the didactic education group (n = 304). The psychoeducational intervention group reported greater positive changes than the control group in their attitudes (β = −1.053 [95% CI, −1.714 to −0.391]; P < .001) and beliefs (β = −0.686 [95% CI, −1.354 to −0.180]; P = .04) toward care seeking at the 3-month follow-up, and the difference was sustained at 12 months for both attitudes (β = −0.797 [95% CI, −1.477 to −0.117]; P = .02) and beliefs (β = −0.692 [95% CI, −1.309 to −0.012]; P = .047). There were no significant differences in AMI knowledge between the 2 study groups at the 3-month and 12-month time points.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this randomized clinical trial found that a novel approach of narrative-based psychoeducation was effective in improving patients’ behavioral intention to seek care for AMI symptoms. Longer-term follow-up to evaluate actual care-seeking behavior and clinical outcomes in patients with AMI is warranted to determine the sustained effects of this intervention.

Trial Registration

ChiCTR Identifier: ChiCTR-IIC-17010576
Relation of Temporal Asymmetry During Walking to Two‐Year Knee Pain Outcomes in Those With Mild‐to‐Moderate Unilateral Knee Pain: An Exploratory Analysis From the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Corrigan Patrick , Felson David T. , Lewis Cara L. , Neogi Tuhina , LaValley Michael P. , Gross K. Doug , Nevitt Michael C. , Lewis Cora E. , Torner James C. , Stefanik Joshua J.
Published: October 2022

Objective

We aimed to explore the cross‐sectional relation of unilateral knee pain severity and temporal asymmetry during walking and to determine relations of temporal asymmetry during walking to 2‐year changes in ipsilateral and contralateral knee pain in those with mild‐to‐moderate unilateral knee pain.

Methods

The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study is a prospective cohort study of adults with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis. The current study included participants with unilateral knee pain. Gait was assessed during self‐selected and fast walking at baseline. Knee pain was assessed at baseline and 2 years. We calculated limb symmetry indices (LSIs; nonpainful limb/painful limb × 100) for stance, single‐limb support time, and double‐limb support time, then examined their relations to unilateral knee pain severity, incident contralateral knee pain, and persistent ipsilateral knee pain.

Results

Unilateral knee pain severity was not associated with temporal asymmetry during self‐selected or fast walking. At 2 years, 17.1% of participants had incident contralateral knee pain and 51.4% had persistent ipsilateral knee pain. For self‐selected walking, greater LSIs (i.e., longer time on the nonpainful limb) for stance and single‐limb support time were associated with decreased odds of incident contralateral knee pain. Measures of temporal asymmetry were not associated with persistent ipsilateral knee pain, except for single‐limb support time during fast walking.

Conclusion

For those with unilateral knee pain, temporal asymmetry during walking is not associated with pain severity. However, select measures of stance and single‐limb support time during self‐selected and fast walking relate to longitudinal knee pain outcomes.
3D‐Bioprinted Phantom with Human Skin Phototypes for Biomedical Optics
Authors: Yim Wonjun , Zhou Jiajing , Sasi Lekshmi , Zhao Jiayu , Yeung Justin , Cheng Yong , Jin Zhicheng , Johnson Wade , Xu Ming , Palma‐Chavez Jorge , Fu Lei , Qi Baiyan , Retout Maurice , Shah Nisarg J. , Bae Jinhye , Jokerst Jesse V.
Published: October 2022

3D‐bioprinted skin‐mimicking phantoms with skin colors ranging across the Fitzpatrick scale are reported. These tools can help understand the impact of skin phototypes on biomedical optics. Synthetic melanin nanoparticles of different sizes (70–500 nm) and clusters are fabricated to mimic the optical behavior of melanosome. The absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient of the phantoms are comparable to real human skin. Further the melanin content and distribution in the phantoms versus real human skins are validated via photoacoustic (PA) imaging. The PA signal of the phantom can be improved by: 1) increasing melanin size (3–450‐fold), 2) increasing clustering (2–10.5‐fold), and 3) increasing concentration (1.3–8‐fold). Then, multiple biomedical optics tools (e.g., PA, fluorescence imaging, and photothermal therapy) are used to understand the impact of skin tone on these modalities. These well‐defined 3D‐bioprinted phantoms may have value in translating biomedical optics and reducing racial bias.
In Situ Halide Exchange of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites for Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tong Yunfang , Bi Xiaoying , Xu Shuang , Min Hao , Cheng Lu , Kuang Zhiyuan , Yuan Lingzhi , Zhou Fuyi , Chu Ying , Xu Lei , Zhu Lin , Zhao Ni , Wang Nana , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu
Published: October 2022

3D perovskites are promising to achieve efficient and bright deep‐blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), which are required for lighting and display applications. However, the efficiency of deep‐blue 3D perovskite‐based LEDs is limited by high density of defects in perovskites, and their deep‐blue emission is not easy to achieve due to the halide phase separation and low solubility of chloride in precursor solutions. Here, an in situ halide exchange method is developed to achieve deep‐blue 3D perovskites by spin‐coating an organic halide salts solution to treat blue 3D perovskites. It is revealed that the halide‐exchange process is mainly determined by halide ion diffusion targeting a concentration equalization, which leads to homogeneous 3D mixed‐halide perovskites. By further introducing multifunctional organic ammonium halide salts into the exchange solution to passivate defects, high‐quality deep‐blue perovskites with reduced trap density can be obtained. This approach leads to efficient deep‐blue perovskite LEDs with a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.6% and a luminance of 1680 cd m−2, which show color coordinates of (0.131, 0.055), very close to the Rec. 2020 blue standard. Moreover, the halide exchange method is bidirectional, and blue perovskite LEDs can be achieved with color coordinates of (0.095, 0.160), exhibiting a high EQE of 11.3%.
Multiscale Reciprocal Space Mapping of Magnetite Mesocrystals
Authors: Chumakova Aleksandra , Steegemans Tristan , Baburin Igor A. , Mistonov Alexander , Dubitskiy Ilya S. , Schlotheuber Julian , Kirner Felizitas , Sturm Sebastian , Lubk Axel , Müller‐Caspary Knut , Wimmer Ilona , Fonin Mikhail , Sturm Elena V. , Bosak Alexeï
Published: October 2022

Mesocrystals are a class of nanostructured material, where a multiple‐length‐scale structure is a prerequisite of many interesting phenomena. Resolving the mesocrystal structure is quite challenging due to their structuration on different length scales. The combination of small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) techniques offers the possibility of non‐destructively probing mesocrystalline structures simultaneously, over multiple length scales to reveal their microscopic structure. This work describes how high dynamical range of modern detectors sheds light on the weak features of scattering, significantly increasing the information content. The detailed analysis of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) from the magnetite mesocrystals with different particle sizes and shapes is described, in tandem with electron microscopy. The revealed features provide valuable input to the models of mesocrystal growth and the choice of structural motif; the impact on magnetic properties is discussed.
Tailored Polypeptide Star Copolymers for 3D Printing of Bacterial Composites Via Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Murphy Robert D. , Garcia Ronnie V. , Oh Seung J. , Wood Tanner J. , Jo Kyoo D. , Read de Alaniz Javier , Perkins Ed , Hawker Craig J.
Published: October 2022

Hydrogels hold much promise for 3D printing of functional living materials; however, challenges remain in tailoring mechanical robustness as well as biological performance. In addressing this challenge, the modular synthesis of functional hydrogels from 3‐arm diblock copolypeptide stars composed of an inner poly(l‐glutamate) domain and outer poly(l‐tyrosine) or poly(l‐valine) blocks is described. Physical crosslinking due to ß‐sheet assembly of these star block copolymers gives mechanical stability during extrusion printing and the selective incorporation of methacrylate units allows for subsequent photocrosslinking to occur under biocompatible conditions. This permits direct ink writing (DIW) printing of bacteria‐based mixtures leading to 3D objects with high fidelity and excellent bacterial viability. The tunable stiffness of different copolypeptide networks enables control over proliferation and colony formation for embedded Escherichia coli bacteria as demonstrated via isopropyl ß‐d‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. This translation of molecular structure to network properties highlights the versatility of these polypeptide hydrogel systems with the combination of writable structures and biological activity illustrating the future potential of these 3D‐printed biocomposites.
Synthesis of a bio‐based plasticizer from vanillic acid and its effects on poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Zhu Huichao , Yang Jianjun , Wu Mingyuan , Wu Qingyun , Liu Jiuyi , Zhang Jianan
Published: October 2022

A new bio‐based plasticizer, VA8‐8, was prepared derived from vanillic acid, and its structure was verified by nuclear magnetic resonance. It was incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to replace dioctyl phthalate (DOP), and its plasticizing performance was evaluated. The results indicated that VA8‐8 shows good compatible with PVC resin, and has a excellent plasticizing effect for PVC. When DOP was partially or completely substituted with VA8‐8, the Tg value PVC blends dropped from 34.6 to 24.3°C and the elongation at break increased from 196.4% to 301.9%, suggesting the enhanced plasticizing efficiency of plasticizer. The plasticizing mechanism was also simulated, and the interactions between VA8‐8 and PVC molecules were discussed. The thermogravimetric analysis showed VA8‐8 can more effectively improve the thermal stability of PVC than DOP. In addition, the migration resistance of VA8‐8 was generally superior to that of DOP. Therefore, VA8‐8 is a comparable to or better plasticizer than DOP, and it is a promising alternative plasticizer for PVC.
Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus and the anatomy of the European pond turtle: Facts, fiction, and future
Authors: Lambertz Markus
Published: October 2022

Detailed anatomical knowledge is a prerequisite for studying a variety of biological questions. This holds true particularly for the evolutionary realm, in which fossils play an important role. Putting paleontological data in perspective consequently requires a profound knowledge of the corresponding structures of the extant representatives of a given lineage as well. Numerous morphological studies have contributed to our understanding of chelonian anatomy over the past centuries, but one of the earliest ones—whose completion celebrated its bicentenary with this symposium—still stands out among all of them: Anatome Testudinis Europaeae, published by Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus (1776–1827) in two installments in 1819 and 1821. Numerous myths around this publication have evolved ever since. The intent of this article is to set the record straight for some of them, and, based on personal inspection of multiple copies, to discuss currently unrecognized aspects about the existence of exceptional colored variant editions. This ends in a proposal for how this work could be used even more effectively in its upcoming third century of existence. Last but not least and despite the controversies related to its bibliographical aspects, one fact remains an unchallenged reality: Anatome Testudinis Europaeae, even 200 years after its first publication, still ranks very high among the most detailed and accurate anatomical works on a single chelonian—and for that matter reptilian—species ever produced and has lost absolutely none of its value for modern‐day science.
COVID‐19 and myasthenia gravis: A review of neurological implications of the SARS‐COV‐2
Authors: Shah Syed Muhammad Ismail , Yasmin Farah , Memon Roha Saeed , Jatoi Nadia Nazir , Savul Ilma Saleh , Kazmi Sana , Monawwer Syed Abdullah , Zafar Muhammad Daim Bin , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Lee Ka Yiu
Published: October 2022

Introduction

This review highlights the potential mechanisms of neuromuscular manifestation of COVID‐19, especially myasthenia gravis (MG).

Methods

An extensive literature search was conducted by two independent investigators using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar from its inception to December 2020.

Results

Exacerbations of clinical symptoms in patients of MG who were treated with some commonly used COVID‐19 drugs has been reported, with updated recommendations of management of symptoms of neuromuscular disorders. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can induce the immune response to trigger autoimmune neurological disorders.

Conclusions

Further clinical studies are warranted to indicate and rather confirm if MG in the setting of COVID‐19 can pre‐existent subclinically or develop as a new‐onset disease.
Microglial/macrophage activation in the cerebrospinal fluid of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Li Jinghong , He Yan , Wang Honghao , Chen Jinyu
Published: October 2022

Aim

The aims of this pilot study were to investigate the levels of biomarkers of microglial/macrophage activation—YKL‐40, sCD163, and sCD14—in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and determine the possible associations between these biomarkers and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores.

Methods

We measured the levels of three microglia‐/macrophage‐related proteins (YKL‐40, soluble CD163, and soluble CD14) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, patients’ neurological disability levels were assessed using EDSS scores.

Results

NMOSD patients had significantly higher CSF levels of YKL‐40(210.52 ± 161.62 for NMOSD and 63.18 ± 9.22 for control), sCD163 (87.23 ± 56.85 for NMOSD and 58.14 ± 7.66 for control), and sCD14 (68.22 ± 24.11 for NMOSD and 55.75 ± 9.48 for control) compared with controls. Furthermore, these biomarker levels were positively correlated with EDSS scores in patients with NMOSD (r = 0.303, p = .002 for YKL‐40; r = 0310, p = .001 for sCD14; r = 0.250, p = .011 for sCD163), but not in patients with multiple sclerosis or glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that microglial/macrophage activation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of NMOSD.
Weighted correlation network analysis identifies multiple susceptibility loci for low‐grade glioma
Authors: Niu Xiaodong , Pan Qi , Zhang Qianwen , Wang Xiang , Liu Yanhui , Li Yu , Zhang Yuekang , Yang Yuan , Mao Qing
Published: October 2022

Background

The current molecular classifications cannot completely explain the polarized malignant biological behavior of low‐grade gliomas (LGGs), especially for tumor recurrence. Therefore, we tried to identify suspicious hub genes related to tumor recurrence in LGGs.

Methods

In this study, we constructed a gene‐miRNA‐lncRNA co‐expression network for LGGs by a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA). GDCRNATools and the WGCNA R package were mainly used in data analysis.

Results

Sequencing data from 502 LGG patients were analyzed in this study. Compared with recurrent glioma tissues, we identified 774 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 49 DE miRNAs, and 129 DE lncRNAs in primary LGGs and ultimately determined that the expression of MKLN1 was related to tumor recurrence in LGG.

Conclusion

This study identified the potential biomarkers for the pathogenesis and recurrence of LGGs and proposed that MKLN1 could be a potential therapeutic target.
hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 promotes the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells by targeting the LAMB3‐mediated PI3K/ATK pathway
Authors: Sui Xiaoyu , Sun Yurong , Zhang Guiyu , Chi Na , Guan Yitong , Wang Dan , Li Xiulan
Published: October 2022

Objective

Cervical cancer, one of the common types of malignant tumors progressed in women, is on the rise in developing countries. Numerous previous studies have demonstrated that hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 miRNA is abnormally expressed in cervical cancer cells. However, its fundamental mechanism in cervical cancer needs to be further clarified. Our study set out to investigate the effect of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 on the phenotypes of cervical cancer cells as well as any potential molecular processes involved in the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas‐cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma(TCGA‐CESC) was adopted in order to verify the expression of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 in cervical cancer tissues and to identify its potential targets. The interaction between Laminin subunit beta‐3(LAMB3) and hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 was verified by TargetScan database as well as Luciferase reporter assay. The Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) and transwell methods were utilized to assess the influence of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 on the proliferation and invasion characteristics of cervical cancer cells. We studied the role that hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 plays in cervical cancer progression through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analysis as well as Western Blot (WB) experiment.

Results

Down‐regulation of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 was detected in cervical cancer tissues. It directly targeted LAMB3 and negatively regulated LAMB3 expression. The overexpression of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 has a significant inhibiting effect on cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion. The overexpression of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 significantly inhibits the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Moreover, the LAMB3 was able to up‐regulate the phosphorylation levels of AKT and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) protein in cervical cancer cells. hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 could also modulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting LAMB3.

Conclusion

hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion by indirectly regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, providing us with a new clinical treatment strategy for cervical cancer.
Early Termination of Oncology Clinical Trials in the United States
Authors: Zhang Ellen , DuBois Steven G.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of early trial discontinuation of oncology trials and reasons for early termination, to assess potential trends in rates of oncology trial termination, and to perform a comprehensive analysis of predictors of early termination. This study intends to inform efforts in improving efficiency of the oncology clinical trial enterprise.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of interventional cancer clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov database from September 27, 2007 to June 30, 2015, with at least one site listed in the United States. We evaluated predictors of early trial termination using Fisher exact or χ2 tests and logistic regression.

Results

Of 8687 trials, 22.74% (n = 1975) were terminated trials. Rates of early trial termination appeared stable over the study. Statistically significant univariate predictors of early termination for any reason include cancer category, phase, funding source, location, and age. In multivariable analysis, trials spanning multiple cancer categories and international trials were less likely to terminate early whereas phase 2 trials and trials funded by academia/foundation were more likely to terminate early. The most common reason for early termination was “Other, Multiple Reasons, or Unknown” (36.9%), followed by accrual issues (34.5%). In multivariate analysis among all terminated trials, supportive care trials, phase 2 trials, and non‐industry funded trials had significantly higher odds of trial discontinuation specifically due to poor accrual.

Conclusion

In this national sample of cancer clinical trials, early trial discontinuation was common. Many factors influenced early trial termination with poor accrual being a common reason. Specific trial features are associated with differential likelihood of early trial termination for any reason and for early trial termination due to poor accrual.
BDP1 as a biomarker in serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Cabarcas‐Petroski Stephanie , Olshefsky Gabriella , Schramm Laura
Published: October 2022

Background

TFIIIB, an RNA polymerase III specific transcription factor has been found to be deregulated in human cancers with much of the research focused on the TBP, BRF1, and BRF2 subunits. To date, the TFIIIB specific subunit BDP1 has not been investigated in ovarian cancer but has previously been shown to be deregulated in neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and Non‐Hodgkins lymphoma.

Results

Using in silico analysis of clinically derived platforms, we report a decreased BDP1 expression as a result of deletion in serous ovarian cancer and a correlation with higher and advanced ovarian stages. Further analysis in the context of TP53 mutations, a major contributor to ovarian tumorigenesis, suggests that high BDP1 expression is unfavorable for overall survival and high BDP1 expression occurs in stages 2, 3 and 4 serous ovarian cancer. Additionally, high BDP1 expression is disadvantageous and unfavorable for progression‐free survival. Lastly, BDP1 expression significantly decreased in patients treated with first‐line chemotherapy, platin and taxane, at twelve‐month relapse‐free survival.

Conclusions

Taken together with a ROC analysis, the data suggest BDP1 could be of clinical relevance as a predictive biomarker in serous ovarian cancer. Lastly, this study further demonstrates that both the over‐ and under expression of BDP1 warrants further investigation and suggests BDP1 may exhibit dual function in the context of tumorigenesis.
Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist treatment and ischemic heart disease among female patients with breast cancer: A cohort study
Authors: Chou Yi‐Sheng , Wang Chun‐Chieh , Hsu Li‐Fei , Chuang Pei‐Hung , Cheng Chi‐Feng , Li Nai‐Hsin , Chen Chu‐Chieh , Chen Chien‐Liang , Lai Yun‐Ju , Yen Yung‐Feng
Published: October 2022

Background

The risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) due to the impact of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists among female patients with breast cancer remains a controversy.

Methods

Information from the Registry for Catastrophic Illness, the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), and the Death Registry Database in Taiwan were analyzed. Female patients with breast cancer were selected from the Registry for Catastrophic Illness from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018. All the breast cancer patients were followed until new‐onset IHD diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2018. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was drawn to show the difference between patients treated with and without GnRH agonists. The Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the effects of GnRH agonists and the incidence of IHD.

Results

A total of 172,850 female patients with breast cancer were recognized with a mean age of 52.6 years. Among them, 6071(3.5%) had received GnRH agonist therapy. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed a significant difference between patients with and without GnRH therapy (log‐rank p < 0.0001). Patients who received GnRH therapy had a significantly decreased risk of developing IHD than those without GnRH therapy (HR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.14–0.23). After adjusting for age, treatment, and comorbidity, patients who received GnRH therapy still had a significantly lower risk of developing IHD (AHR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.39–0.64).

Conclusion

The study showed that the use of GnRH agonists for breast cancer treatment was significantly associated with a reduced risk of IHD. Further research is required to investigate the possible protective effect of GnRH on IHD.