bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas sobre aleitamento materno entre puérperas em alojamento conjunto
Authors: Queiroz Viviane Cordeiro de , Andrade Smalyanna Sgren Da Costa , César Edna Samara Ribeiro , Brito Karen Krystine Gonçalves de , Costa Cintia Bezerra Almeida , Oliveira Simone Helena Dos Santos
Published: September 2021

Objetivos: Avaliar o conhecimento, atitude e prática sobre aleitamento materno entre puérperas, em alojamento conjunto de uma maternidade com selo de Hospital Amigo da Criança e descrever os motivos do desmame precoce em gestações anteriores. Método: Inquérito com 157 puérperas em alojamento conjunto com análise descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Faixa etária e paridade associaram-se ao conhecimento e à atitude. Mulheres acima de 26 anos (OR=0,672 [IC=0,564-0,801]) e multíparas (OR =0,750 [IC =0,661-0,851]) têm mais chance de possuírem saberes adequados. A idade mais elevada (OR =0,356 [IC =0,172-0,735]), planejamento da gravidez (OR =0,275 [IC =0,093-0,815]) e multiparidade (OR =0,475 [IC =0,229-0,985]) foram fatores de proteção à atitude. A consulta pré-natal associou-se à prática (p=0,023) e enquanto fator de proteção (OR=0,313 [IC=0,112-0,873]) ao aleitamento. Conclusão: A Enfermagem pode auxiliar positivamente no conhecimento, na atitude e na prática sobre aleitamento, auxiliando no cuidado preventivo do trauma mamilar como causa importante do desmame precoce.
Apeniny we wspomnieniach Anieli Walewskiej
Authors: Król Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

Kilka chwil we Włoszech w latach 1847 i 1848 [A few Moments in Italy in 1847 and 1848], a volume of memoirs published in 1850 and written by Aniela Walewska — a forgotten author of the Romantic era — is a historically, culturally and socially interesting travel account which, in addition to notes devoted to the political situation at the time, also features descriptions of cultural and natural landscapes which Walewska had an opportunity to admire during her Italian voyage. Particularly worthy of note are her reflections concerning mountain landscapes reflecting the author’s romantic sensibility as well as her emotional and aesthetic attitude to new places. Spending a few weeks in the Tuscan resort of Bagni di Lucca, Aniela Walewska had an opportunity to admire the Apennines, which generated admiration and lofty feelings in her and prompted her to engage in existential, philosophical and religious reflection. Using a variety of means of literary expression, the writer sought to convey the varied aspects of the mountains: solemn beauty, picturesque charm, severe and wild appearance. Yet despite her lively interest in the Apennine landscapes, the Polish traveller was preoccupied primarily with the political situation in her distant homeland, which determined her perception of and feeling for the mountains so much that her observations often departed from purely aesthetic evaluation in favour of patriotic associations. However, the descriptions in her memoirs are vivid, full of admiration and rapture, which makes them worthy of being brought back from obscurity and analysed thoroughly. As evidence of individual and feminine way of experiencing the world of nature, they certainly make a valuable contribution to the Romantic travel literature and expand our knowledge of the history of mountain voyages of Polish women in that period.
„Nasze śląskie Alpy”, a skały „jak ruiny Palmiry czy Persepolis” — albo różne optyki karkonoskich podróżopisarzy
Authors: Pacholski Jan
Published: September 2021

The present article focuses on eighteenth-century German-language descriptions of the Giant Mountains and Izera Mountains included in selected eighteenth-century accounts of trips to the high est mountains of Silesia and Bohemia by travellers from various German-speaking countries. The analysed fragments refer primarily to sites on the Silesian side of these mountain ranges, although the Bohemian part is mentioned in one case. Differing in terms of their countries of origin, the authors of these works — who included Silesians, a German from Bohemia as well as a man from Berlin and a man from Saxony — liked to refer in their accounts to well-known Swiss models, primarily to the poetic works of Albrecht von Haller and scholarly works of Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, comparing the Giant Mountains to the Alps and using in their descriptions of nature metaphors inspired by the famous Swiss authors, whose oeuvres were quite popular across the entire civilised Europe. The present article provides a detailed analysis of the descriptions of the various natural sites and phenomena, in which the authors use the vocabulary of the history of art and culture, comparing, for example, the view of valleys seen from a mountain top to miniature painting, a waterfall to a performance and music, and rock formations to architectural objects and ancient ruins.
O encantamento de sítios arqueológicos e a busca da transformação pessoal
Authors: Dansac Yael
Published: September 2021

Os estudos etnográficos atestam cada vez mais a conversão de sítios arqueológicos em lugares utilizados para uma miríade de propósitos espirituais associados à cultura da transformação pessoal. A partir da análise de dados coletados sobre as práticas espirituais contemporâneas realizadas em Carnac, um sítio megalítico localizado no noroeste da França, este artigo argumenta que a ressignificação de lugares antigos como "sagrados" e "energéticos" é uma estratégia para desenvolver e representar a busca interior e o trabalho de si mesmo. Os dados coletados permitem compreender as conceitualizações e utilizações que os atores dão ao referido lugar, ao mesmo tempo que sugerem novas linhas de investigação para avaliar as relações entre espiritualidade, transformação pessoal e o encantamento de sítios arqueológicos.
Transcendendo o tempo e o lugar no contexto da Covid-19
Authors: Rountree Kathryn
Published: September 2021

Durante o ano de 2020, devido às restrições relacionadas à Covid-19, as oportunidades de viagem para locais de patrimônio sagrado diminuíram drasticamente e os encontros e rituais de pagãos e xamãs passaram a ser realizados de modo online. Este artigo retoma um trabalho anterior (Rountree, 2006) para reconsiderar as relações entre tempo, lugar, imaginação e performance ritual no contexto online. Argumenta-se que, enquanto no contexto de locais de patrimônios “reais” a fronteira temporal entre o passado e o presente parece borrar ou se dissolver devido às conexões materiais e corporificadas dos pagãos com um lugar sagrado, no contexto ritual online as fronteiras de lugar borram ou se dissolvem por conta das conexões temporais síncronas com pessoas semelhantes no espaço sagrado. São explorados dois estudos de caso: as respostas daqueles que se reuniram online para testemunhar a transmissão ao vivo do Solstício de Verão de 2020 em Stonehange, feita pelo English Heritage; e as experiências de um grupo de xamãs ocidentais modernos, a maioria vivendo em Malta, cujas reuniões regulares que antes eram praticadas nas casas de seus membros, em lugares na natureza e em lugares de patrimônio sagrado, passaram a ser realizadas via plataforma Zoom no início de 2020.
Ayahuasca
Authors: Caicedo Alhena
Published: September 2021

O fenômeno de expansão do uso do yagé da América do Sul para o restante do mundo é caracterizado especialmente a partir da ideia da globalização da ahayuasca. No entanto, essa expansão foi mais recentemente acompanhada da configuração da ideia de uma comunidade ahayuasqueira internacional. Como “comunidade imaginada”, esse espaço é produzido e concretizado socialmente a partir de imagens, metáforas e práticas de representação particulares que devem ser pensadas. Nesse sentido, minha intenção neste artigo é explorar algumas características da produção simbólica que cria e recria a comunidade ahayuasqueira internacional e certos imaginários poderosos que a conectam à Amazônia e seus habitantes. Também me interessa analisar o modo como os circuitos internacionalizados da ahayuasca fazem referência a si próprios e a lugares emblemáticos que se tornaram símbolos para essa comunidade. Por fim, busco caracterizar alguns efeitos que a globalização da ahayuasca produz nos países da bacia amazônica.
Approaches to Assessing the Quality of Observational Studies of Clinical Practice Based on the Big Data Analysis
Authors: Gilyarevsky S. R.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the discussion of the problems of assessing the quality of observational studies in real clinical practice and determining their place in the hierarchy of evidence-based information. The concept of “big data” and the acceptability of using such a term to refer to large observational studies is being discussed. Data on the limitations of administrative and claims databases when performing observational studies to assess the effects of interventions are presented. The concept of confounding factors influencing the results of observational studies is discussed. Modern approaches to reducing the severity of bias in real-life clinical practice studies are presented. The criteria for assessing the quality of observational pharmacoepidemiological studies and the fundamental differences between such studies and randomized clinical trials are presented. The results of systematic reviews of real-life clinical trials to assess the effects of direct oral anticoagulants are discussed.
Medium-term Effects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in the Structural and Functional Parameters of Blood Vessels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Karaganov K. S. , Slepova O. A. , Lishuta A. S. , Solomakhina N. I. , Belenkov Yu. N.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To study the mid-term effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) in the structural and functional parameters of blood vessels, exercise tolerance and quality of life indicators in patients with verified coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material and methods. Patients (n=70) with verified stable CAD (angina pectoris class II-III) complicated by chronic heart faillure class II-III (NYHA) were included in the study. Data from 65 patients (48 to 74 years old; 45 men and 20 women) are included in the final analysis. All patients had a course of EECP (35 hours procedures with a compression pressure of 220-280 mm Hg). All patients at baseline, 3 and 6 months later had a 6 walk minute test (6WMT), an assessment of the clinical status, quality of life of patients (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, SF-36). Computer nailfold video capillaroscopy, photoplethysmography with pulse wave recording and contour analysis, applanation tonometry to assess central aortic systolic pressure and radial augmentation index were performed to assess the structural and functional state of large and microcirculatory vessels.

Results. Significant improvement in exercise tolerance both after 3 and after 6 months (increase in distance in 6WMT by 44.6% after 3 months and 34.3% after 6 months, p <0.05), improved quality of life (increased overall score on the SF-36 questionnaire from 50.3±8.1 to 59.8±8.8, p<0.05), an increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction were found. Significant improvement in indicators showing the function of the endothelium of both large vessels (phase shift: from 5.6 [2.45; 7.3] to 6.8 [3.1; 8.1] m / s) and microcirculatory vessels (occlusion index: from 1.51 [1.21; 1.7] to 1.66 [1.2; 1.9]), as well as a decrease in functional disorders of the capillary bed of the skin (% of perfused capillaries, density of the capillary network in the test with reactive hyperemia) were found after 3 months. However, after 6 months, there were no significant changes in these parameters compared to the baseline value. No significant change in indicators showing structural remodeling of both large vessels and microcirculatory vessels was found.

Conclusion. The positive effect of the EECP course on the functional status (exercise tolerance) and quality of life in patients with stable coronary artery disease complicated by chronic heart faillure was found both after 3 and 6 months. Positive dynamics of the functional state of large vessels and microvasculature was found only after 3 months.
E-cigarette Smoking (Vaping) and Markers of Vascular Wall Damage in Young Subjects without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Bragina A. E. , Druzhinina N. A. , Mohammadi L. N.
Published: September 2021

Aim: to investigate the effect of nicotine-containing vapes in comparison with traditional tobacco smoking on markers of vascular wall damage: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), albuminuria (AU), and ankle-brachial index (ABI).

Material and Methods: We examined 369 young subjects without cardiovascular diseases (age median 21 [20;21] years) (159 men and 210 women). The hsCRP levels in the serum were assessed by immunochromatographic express method. AU was investigated in daily urine by a quantitative reflex photometry. ABI was determined by plethysmography.

Results: All subjects were divided into groups: non-smokers (n=196, 53.1%), smokers of traditional cigarettes (n=83, 22.5%) and smokers of nicotine-containing vapes (n=90, 24.4%). The groups did not differ in main anthropometric data. Median hsCRP levels in smokers (14.30 [11; 16.5] mg/l in tobacco-smokers and 13.15 [9.65; 17.5] mg/l in vapers) were significantly higher vs nonsmokers (3.0 [2; 5.6] mg/l). In tobacco-smokers (33.0  [21.5;  60]  mg)  and  vape  smokers  (45.0  [20;  115]  mg),  the  median  AU  was  statistically  significantly  higher  than  in  non-smokers  (12.0 [10; 20] mg). ABI levels were significantly lower in the groups of tobacco smokers (0.98 [0.91; 0.99]) and vapers (0.85 [0.79; 0.93]) when compared with nonsmokers (1.125 [1.01; 1.18]), and the median ABI in vapers was lower than in tobacco smokers (p<0.001). In the group of tobacco smokers, the hsCRP level correlated with the smoker's index (rs=0.31, p<0.05), and AU (rs=0.54, p<0.05) and ABI (rs=-0.28, p<0.05) with a daily inhaled nicotine dose. In the group of vapers, CRP was associated with smoking experience (rs=0.338, p<0.05), AU with a daily inhaled nicotine dose (rs=0.79,  p<0.05), and  ABI with  BMI (rs=-0.33,  p<0.05), heart  rate (rs=-0.24,  p<0.05) and  smoking experience  (rs=-0.235, p<0.05). According to the results of multivariate regression analysis the hsCRP level was related with only the smoking experience (B=0.91±0.19, p=0.000005), AU level with the daily inhaled nicotine dose (B=1.59±0.7, p=0.0121) and smoking experience (B=3.07±1.23, p=0.0179), and ABI level with only smoking experience (B=-0.09±0.004, p=0.0419).

Conclusion: In smokers, both traditional and vapers, the levels of hsCRP, AU are significantly higher, and the ABI is lower than in healthy young nonsmokers. The most significant influence on the level of hsCRP is exerted by the experience of  tobacco  and  vape  smoking;  to  the  AU  level  – the experience of tobacco and vaping and the daily inhaled nicotine dose, and by the value of the ABI – the experience of vaping.
Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular comorbidity: common pathophysiological mechanisms to cardiovascular disease
Authors: Agaltsov M. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: September 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sleep apnea causes intermittent hypoxemia, chest pressure fluctuations and a reaction from the cerebral cortex in the form of a short awakening during sleep (EEG-activation). The consequences of pathological pathways are studied in experimental models involving cell cultures, animals, and healthy volunteers. At present, the negative impact of intermittent hypoxemia on a variety of pathophysiological disorders of the heart and blood vessels (vascular tone fluctuations, thickening of the intimamedia complex in the vascular wall, direct damaging effect on the myocardium) has a great evidence base. Two other pathological components of OSA (pressure fluctuations and EEG-activation) can also affect cardiovascular system, mainly affecting the increase in blood pressure and changing cardiac hemodynamics. Although these reactions are considered separately in the review, with the development of sleep apnea they occur sequentially and are closely interrelated. As a result, these pathological pathways trigger further pathophysiological mechanisms acting on the heart and blood vessels. It is known that these include excessive sympathetic activation, inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation. In many respects being links of one process, these mechanisms can trigger damage to the vascular wall, contributing to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. The accumulated data with varying degrees of reliability confirm the participation of OSA through these processes in the formation of cardiovascular disorders. There are factors limiting direct evidence of this interaction (sleep deprivation, causing similar changes, as well as the inability to share the contribution of other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, in particular arterial hypertension, obesity, which are often associated with OSA). It is necessary to continue the study of processes that implement the pathological effect of OSA on the cardiovascular system.
Changes in anticoagulant prescription in a general hospital in 2008-2018
Authors: Kleymenova E. B. , Otdelenov V. A. , Nigmatkulova M. D. , Payushchik S. A. , Chernov A. A. , Konova O. D. , Yashina L. P. , Cherkashov A. M. , Sychev D. A.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To study the structure of anticoagulant prescription in a general hospital to identify trends and contributing factors.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in an urban general hospital. According to retrospective retrieval from electronic health records, total 17,129 patients received anticoagulants from 2008 to 2018. Formal appropriateness of oral anticoagulants (OАС) prescriptions for 6,638 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) was analyzed with CHA2-DS2-VASc score.

Results. Appearance of recommendations for the direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) prescription in clinical guidelines for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and AF management contributed to steady increase in the DOAC taking and decrease in the proportion of warfarin prescription. From 2011 to 2018, the proportion of patients with DOACs prescription increased from 1.7% to 81.5%. The most common indications for anticoagulant were ischemic stroke prevention in AF and VTE with mean rate 75.3% and 23.2%, respectively for the 2011-2018 period. Steady increase in low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) prophylactic prescriptions was also shown (Chi-square for linear trend=1340, df=1, p<0.0001). Since 2014, the prescription of LMWH in prophylactic doses increased dramatically, probably related to implementation of computerized decision support system (CDSS) for VTE prevention in the hospital.

Conclusion. The study showed that in a general hospital anticoagulants were prescribed in 19% of hospitalized patient. Not only the new clinical recommendations based on the results of the recent studies on anticoagulants efficacy and safety (external factors), but also implementation standard operating protocols and CDSS, providing physicians current information about the relevant clinical recommendations (internal changes), could influence the appropriateness of anticoagulants prescription.
Epidemiological Observational Study on the Assessment of the Comorbidity and the Efficacy of the Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Single Pill Combination of Lysinopril, Amlodipine and Rosuvastatin "PHENOTYPE-AG"
Authors: Savenkov M. P. , Ivanov S. N. , Borschevskaya M. V. , Okuneva I. N. , Ivanova S. V. , Savenkova A. M. , Dushkin R. V.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To study the prevalence of comorbidity affecting the choice of antihypertensive treatment, as well as the efficacy and safety of the application of a single pill combination of lysinopril, amlodipine and rosuvastatin (SPC LAR) in hypertensive patients.

Material and methods. Observational epidemiological study with the participation of 626 doctors and 13037 hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risk and dyslipidemia treated with SPC LAR were held in 24 cities of Russia from November 2020 to March 2021. Prevalence and types of comorbidity, changes of blood pressure (BP), of total cholesterol (TC) and blood glucose levels and adverse events were studied during observation. Patients had 3 visits – initially, after 4 and 12 weeks. The obtained data was recorded by doctors through a web portal.

Results. Concominant cardiovascular diseases found in all patients (in 38.7% of cases – from 2 to 5 diseases). The most commonly diseases were coronary artery disease (43.1%), metabolic syndrome (36.6%), diabetes (25.2%), chronic heart failure (24.9%), cerebrovascular diseases (12.3%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.5%). SPC LAR with minimal doses of components (in 41.1% of patients) or with reinforced antihypertensive or hypocholesterolemic effects, based on the experience of treatment, the patient was prescribed as starting treatment with doctors. Reducing the level of systolic and diastolic BP, as well as the level Tc, respectively, by 20.9%, 16.9% and 29.7% found during the study. Target levels of systolic BP were achieved in 97.6% of patients, diastolic BP – in 99.6%, and target levels TC ≤5 mmol/l, ≤4 mmol/l and ≤3 mmol/l were achieved, respectively, in 94.5%, 68.6% and 23.5% patients. No significant dynamics of the level of glycemia were not found. The treatment was well tolerated by patients. Side effects found in 0.53% of patients (more often there was a dry cough, feet edema and headache). Commitment to treatment was 92.7%.

Conclusion. The modern hypertension phenotype has cardiovascular atherosclerosis-associated diseases, which justifies the need to combine antihypertensive and hypolipidemic therapy. Triple SPC LAR, which effectively controlled the blood pressure and improved the violation of lipid metabolism was prescribed to patients in this observational study. The low frequency of side effects and good tolerance of treatment was accompanied by a high adherence of patients to treatment.
Monitoring of Aspirin Therapy in Patients with Cerebrovascular Pathology
Authors: Tanashyan M. M. , Raskurazhev A. A. , Kornilova A. A. , Shabalina A. A. , Abaimov D. A. , Naminov A. V.
Published: September 2021

Aim. Evaluation of various methods for determining the effectiveness of aspirin therapy and aspirin resistance in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) depending on the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and methods. The prospective study included 78 patients with various manifestations of CVD. All patients received acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 75 mg daily. Along with a comprehensive clinical examination, a laboratory assessment of platelet function with the usage of Born method with aggregometer, a detailed biochemical blood test (including the determination of the small subunit of low density lipoprotein [s-LDL]), as well as therapeutic drug monitoring of salicylates were performed on a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.

Results. In 53% of cases, the absence or insufficiency of the effect of ASA on platelet aggregation was noted. Two subgroups were separately identified: with T2DM; (n=40) and without T2DM (n=38). Insufficient effect of the drug on platelet aggregation characteristics were observed in 65% of patients with T2DM and in 38% without T2DM. The differences were revealed between the groups in triglycerides, s-LDL, glycemic and glycated hemoglobin (p <0.05). In the group of patients with T2DM, the median ASA concentration was 0.01 [0; 0.32] μg/ml, and salicylic acid (SA)

– 0.20 [0; 0.39] μg/ml, while in patients without T2DM higher values were noted: ASA 0.29 [0.15; 0.55] μg/ml, SA – 0.33 [0.05; 0.73] μg/ml. A decrease in the concentration of ASA was associated with an increase in the level of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. There was an increase in the levels of ADPand adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation with a decrease in the concentration of ASA (p=0.004) and SA (p=0.006). Therapeutic drug monitoring revealed a more significant decrease in ASA level in T2DM than in the comparison group (p=0.025).

Conclusion. It is advisable to monitor aspirin therapy both with the assessment of platelet aggregation and with therapeutic drug monitoring. The relationship between the level of ASA and SA in the blood plasma and the functional activity of platelets was confirmed. The presence of T2DM is associated with a decrease in the concentration of ASA and aspirin resistance detected in therapeutic drug monitoring.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF ONE-GROUP GAS-HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT STEAM BOILER AUXILIARIES
Authors: Vanin Viktor , Kruhol Mykola , Lasurenko Oleksandr
Published: September 2021

The paper presents algebraic mathematical models of centrifugal mechanisms that operate in the power boiler gas-hydraulic circuit. The models have been built by means of head-flow curve approximation. The head-flow curve depends on the centrifugal mechanism blade rotating speed and guide vane angle. The least squares method has been applied for centrifugal mechanism head-curve approximation on the basis of experimental or numerical data. Different configurations for the connections of centrifugal mechanisms in the power boiler gas-hydraulic circuit have been considered, relationships for their performance assessment obtained, and efficiency factors for various methods of their capacity control introduced. The state equation for a complex gas-hydraulic network in the problem of its efficiency analysis has been obtained with application of Kirchhoff laws. Numerical algorithms have been developed to solve group control parameter optimization problems for the considered connections of centrifugal mechanisms. Features of mathematical models for groups of series-, parallel- and complex-connected centrifugal mechanisms with different head curves in the power boiler maintenance system have been specified. An optimal group control problem for a group of centrifugal mechanisms has been formulated and solved under various power boiler modes. For the feed pumps, individual frequency control proves to be the most effective method, while for the boiler draft mechanisms group frequency regulation turns out to be the most efficient. In a typical summer month, implementation of energy-efficient centrifugal mechanism capacity regulation method in a Thermal Power Plant is shown to result in auxiliary electricity consumption reduction by 10.96 % as compared with available actual data.
STABILITY AND VIBRATIONS OF THE ELECTRONIC CLOSED SYSTEM STABILIZING THE COURSE OF A CAR WITH A TANK
Authors: Aleksandrov Yevgen , Aleksandrova Tetyana , Grigoriev Alexander , Morhun Yaroslav
Published: September 2021

To describe the disturbed movement of a car with a tank, a discrete mathematical model has been compiled, which allows one to take into account the oscillations of the free surface of the liquid and determine their effect on the directional stability of the car during uniform movement and during emergency braking. Linearization is carried out and an equation is obtained for the natural frequencies of oscillations of the electrohydromechanical system, which combines dynamic changes in the parameters of the movement of a car with a tank, partial layers of liquid in a tank and the operation of an electromagnetic drive of the control valve and an electronic PID controller for a two-circuit scheme to ensure directional stability. It is shown that low-frequency oscillations of the free surface of liquid lead to a significant reduction in the stability region, which indicates the need to take such oscillations into account when solving problems of analysis and synthesis of this system. It has been established that for a car with a tank, where low-frequency transverse oscillations of the liquid occur, which are accompanied by redistribution of mass and disturb the movement, an increase in the speed unambiguously leads to a deterioration in road-holding ability. This made it possible to exclude the speed from the variable parameters and significantly simplify the task. It was found that the liquid level in the tank, taking into account its connection with the maximum speed, has an ambiguous effect on the road-holding ability of the vehicle, and it is unacceptable to limit the research to calculations for 50 % of the load. Instead of this traditional simplification, it is necessary to find a line that bends from above those stability boundaries that correspond to many liquid levels from the entire range of their variation. It is shown that the dynamics of emergency braking weakly depends on the viscosity of the liquid in the tank, but with long-term continuous operation of the brake control system, self-oscillations appear in it. A method for tuning the parameters of an electronic regulator for low-amplitude self-oscillations is proposed.
CURRENT DIRECTIONS OF MODERNIZATION AND COMPUTERIZATION OF THE COURSE HIGHER MATHEMATICS IN THE LEADING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Grigoriev Alexander
Published: September 2021

From the standpoint of professional criticism, interested in obtaining the best result, the current state of the educational course in higher mathematics at the technical universities of Ukraine is analyzed. A discrepancy between the classical (analytical) methods for solving problems presented in it and the computer (numerical or numerical-analytical) methods that are used in the current practice of engineering calculations is noted. To eliminate this problem, it is proposed to introduce into the training course, along with lectures and practical classes, the third component of training - the cycles of laboratory practicums in higher mathematics using personal computers. Laboratory practicums are designed to demonstrate to junior students studying higher mathematics the ability to solve real problems from applications to technology and physics using its methods. In addition, in the form of laboratory practicums, individual sections of the engineering course of higher mathematics are studied, which, due to lack of time and other, often subjective, reasons, have recently been taken out for optional learning (differential geometry of a plane and spatial curve, surfaces of the second and higher orders, practical harmonic analysis, multi criteria optimization, and a number of others). To ensure this modernization, it is proposed to divide the general course of higher mathematics into two streams (vector analysis and scalar analysis) and to increase the number of classroom lessons to 32 – 36 hours per week, that is, to the level of the world's leading technical universities. In addition, the mathematics course is coordinated with the computer science course, where, in a priority order, first-year students are taught to work in the MathCAD interactive computer environment. And in order for the reform to take place without attracting additional funds for salaries, it is proposed to increase the teaching load of teachers of higher mathematics and computer science by 30 % (which is compensated by a decrease in the load on scientific work and other activities).
A Variant of Dorsally Displaced Epiphyseal Dislocation of the Middle Phalanx
Authors: Ghanghurde Bipin Arun , Prabhoo Tanay , Umrekar Sachin Sambhaji
Published: September 2021

Case:

Closed injury of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ), where the dorsally displaced epiphysis is lying on the dorsum of PIPJ, is sometimes called a jockeyed epiphyseal fracture (radiographs give an impression jockey sitting on a horse). We describe its variation in a 7-year-old boy who had a dorsally displaced epiphyseal fracture of the middle phalanx accompanied by fracture of the proximal phalanx. He was treated with open reduction and relocation of the epiphysis. For the first 3 months of follow-up, the patient obtained reasonable movement of PIPJ which gradual deteriorated over 1 year.

Conclusion:

This unusual injury with its sequelae (avascular necrosis of the proximal phalanx condyle) is reported in this article.
Cutaneous Mucormycosis After Elective Outpatient Gastrocnemius Recession for Plantar Fasciitis in an Immunocompetent Host
Authors: Whiteside William
Published: September 2021

Case:

A healthy 21-year-old man underwent an elective gastrocnemius recession for plantar fasciitis. At 10 days postoperatively, he developed a severe limb-threatening cutaneous mucormycotic infection that led to multiple debridements and eventual skin grafting.

Conclusion:

Cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare but severe fungal infection. Early recognition, deep surgical biopsy for diagnosis, and aggressive treatment with frequent thorough surgical debridements and antifungal pharmacotherapy are necessary. Although mucormycosis is more frequently seen in the immunocompromised host, it can occur in the immunocompetent patient most commonly after trauma. If not aggressively treated, it can be limb and life threatening.
Early Experience with Femoral and Tibial Bone-Anchored Osseointegration Prostheses
Authors: Reif Taylor J. , Khabyeh-Hasbani Nathan , Jaime Kayla M. , Sheridan Gerard A. , Otterburn David M. , Rozbruch S. Robert
Published: September 2021

Background:

The use of bone-anchored osseointegration implants for amputation reconstruction continues to expand throughout the world. Benefits are thought to include the elimination of socket-related problems and improved control and proprioception of the prosthetic limb. Reported outcomes have been positive, but skepticism remains with regard to the risk of infection and implant failure. Further results from early adopters are therefore needed prior to widespread acceptance and regulatory approval.

Methods:

A retrospective review of the first 31 consecutive patients who underwent implantation of a press-fit osseointegration implant of the femur or tibia with follow-up of at least 6 months was performed. The primary outcome was the patient-reported Questionnaire for persons with a Transfemoral Amputation (Q-TFA) measured preoperatively and 6 to 12 months postoperatively. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Limb Deformity-Scoliosis Research Society (LD-SRS) scores, 2-minute and 6-minute walk tests, and complications were also recorded.

Results:

In this study, 18 femoral reconstructions and 13 tibial reconstructions were performed, with a mean follow-up (and standard deviation) of 21.1 ± 9.2 months. Twenty-eight reconstructions were single-stage implantations. All Q-TFA domains improved significantly (p < 0.001) from preoperatively to postoperatively, including the global score (25.0 ± 17.4 to 81.2 ± 17.6 points), prosthetic use (50.2 ± 39.9 to 91.2 ± 18.7 points), prosthetic mobility (49.7 ± 26.9 to 81.4 ± 21.5 points), and prosthetic problems (46.4 ± 17.5 to 9.1 ± 6.6 points). The overall and functional outcome domains of the PROMIS and LD-SRS and the 2-minute walk test (243 ± 107 to 369 ± 151 ft [74 ± 33 to 112 ± 46 m]; p = 0.022) and 6-minute walk test (609 ± 323 to 1,054 ± 555 ft [186 ± 98 to 321 ± 169 m]; p = 0.016) also improved significantly. Serious adverse events included 2 periprosthetic hip fractures, 1 explantation for septic loosening, and 1 explantation for aseptic loosening, with an overall implant retention of 93%. The most common complication was low-grade, soft-tissue infection requiring oral antibiotics.

Conclusions:

Similar to the early experience of other international centers, osseointegration implants improved the overall and functional experience of patients compared with socket prosthetics. Complications were present but manageable and were not a deterrent to ongoing support of the technology.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modul Praktikum Gelombang Optik
Authors:   Noly Shofiyah, Sartika Septi Budi
Published: September 2021

Modul ini disusun untuk menunjang kegiatan praktikum mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah “Gelombang Optik”, Seperti layaknya sebuah modul, maka pembahasan dimulai dengan memaparkan materi praktikum dan lembar kerja mahasiswa. Dengan demikian pengguna modul ini secara mandiri dapat melakukan kegiatan praktikum secara mandiri. Modul ini terdiri 5 mata praktikum yang disajikan dan wajib diselesaikan semua. Hal ini dikarenakan praktikum ini merupakan syarat lulus menempuh mata kuliah Gelombang Optik.
Buku Ajar Al-Islam Dan Kemuhammadiyahan – 2 (AIK - 2)
Authors:   Anis Farihah, Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: September 2021

Buku AIK 2 ini memotret hakikat ibadah maghdah (ibadah shalat, puasa, haji, dan ibadah maliyah), akhlaq serta muamalah dengan mengupas secara rinci makna spiritual di balik setiap ibadah maghdah, akhlaq dan muamalah. Dengan demikian, diharapkan Islam secara teori ideal, sekaligus mampu diaplikasikan. Islam yang diwujudkan adalah Islam yang pernah ditampilkan Nabi Muhammad SAW, dan agama orang beriman (agama kaffah), yaitu kebenaran yang dikatakan sebagai teori, sekaligus mampu dipraktikkan sebagaimana teorinya, sehingga berimplikasi dan dirasakan oleh umat Islam serta masyarakat luas (rahmatan lil ‘alamin).Besar harapan untuk mahasiswa, mudah-mudahan kehadiran buku ajar AIK 2 ini dapat memberikan spirit dalam beribadah, berakhlaq, dan bermuamalah serta mengungkap makna spiritual ibadah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sesuai nilai- nilai Islam. Sehingga dapat mengamalkan ajaran Islam sesuai Al- Qur’an dan Al-Hadits. Sebuah mimpi yang tentu tidak hanya menjadi utopia saja, dan itu harus kita wujudkan sekarang juga, dan paling tidak buku inilah yang akan menjadi awal dari semuanya.
Captive-rearing duration may be more important than environmental enrichment for enhancing turtle head-starting success
Authors: Tetzlaff Sasha , Sperry Jinelle , Kingsburg Bruce , DeGregorio Brett
Published: September 2021

Raising captive animals past critical mortality stages for eventual release (head-starting) is a common conservation tactic. Counterintuitively, post-release survival can be low. Post-release behavior affecting survival could be influenced by captive-rearing duration and housing conditions. Practitioners have adopted environmental enrichment to promote natural behaviors during head-starting such as raising animals in naturalistic enclosures. Using 32 captive-born turtles (Terrapene carolina), half of which were raised in enriched enclosures, we employed a factorial design to explore how enrichment and rearing duration affected post-release growth, behavior, and survival. Six turtles in each treatment (enriched or unenriched) were head-started for nine months (cohort one). Ten turtles in each treatment were head-started for 21 months (cohort two). At the conclusion of captive-rearing, turtles in cohort two were overall larger than cohort one, but unenriched turtles were generally larger than enriched turtles within each cohort. Once released, enriched turtles grew faster than unenriched turtles in cohort two, but we otherwise found minimal evidence suggesting enrichment affected post-release survival or behavior. Our findings suggest attaining larger body sizes from longer captive-rearing periods to enable greater movement and alleviate susceptibility to predation (the primary cause of death) could be more effective than environmental enrichment alone in chelonian head-starting programs where substantial predation could hinder success.
Students being set up to make mistakes in class through an error-eliciting task
Authors: Cornock Claire , Shukie Alex , Porter Ros , O'Sullivan David
Published: September 2021

In order for students to develop a better understanding and the skills to question future work, a session is introduced into a teaching workshop which sets students up to make common mistakes within a topic are more often made by blindly following procedural methods. The students’ views on these mistakes and how they found the error-eliciting task were gained through focus groups on the day of the activity. Factors such as knowing whether they had the right answer and the amount of staff involvement were discussed. In a follow-on focus group two weeks after the session, there were indications that the session had an impact on how they worked generally as there was more discussion within class and a shift in views about making mistakes.
Measuring the Success of Mathematics and Statistics Support Sessions at UWS
Authors: Bakhshi Andisheh , Mekwi Wan Rinwi , Nisbet Kenneth Charles , Walker Alan James
Published: September 2021

Following a review of the provision of mathematics and statistics support across Scottish Higher Education Institutions, academics at the University of the West of Scotland initiated weekly mathematics and statistics support sessions. These sessions were open to all students and staff across the institution, but primarily aimed at the science and engineering students with a high degree of numerate work in their study programmes. After two years of operation, previous attendees and students within key demographics were canvassed on their knowledge of, and opinion of, these support sessions. Four key points were uncovered: advertising of the existence of the sessions should be increased; the use of PhD students overseeing the sessions should be investigated; the centralisation of the sessions should be investigated; and more formal tutorial engagement should be encouraged.
Topics of interest to the MSOR community: evidence from the first 20 years of MSOR Connections
Authors: Rowlett Peter , Corner Alexander S
Published: September 2021

Topic modelling, an automated literature review technique, is used to generate a list of topics from the text of all articles published in previous issues of MSOR Connections. There are many topics of consistent popularity, including assessment, employability, school-university transition and the teaching of specific subjects and skills with the mathematics, statistics and operational research disciplines. We identify some topics that have waned in popularity, especially following the demise of the MSOR Network, including organised book and software reviews, conference and workshop announcements and reports, and articles focused on staff development. In its present form as a fully peer-reviewed practitioner journal, there appears to be a shift in focus from personal reflection to evidence-based research. There is a high focus on innovative practice using technology in the publication, though with less focus on specific software over time. Similarly, more nuance appears to be entering the discourse over maths support and e-assessment as these topics mature. We note a rise over time in student-centred approaches and a sudden rise in the previous issue of digital and remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We speculate about future trends that may emerge, including an increased focus on digital and remote learning and an increase in content on equity, equality, diversity and inclusion.
Spin-1/2 one- and two- particle systems in physical space without eigen-algebra or tensor product
Authors: Andoni Sokol
Published: September 2021

A novel representation of spin 1/2 combines in a single geometric object the roles of the standard Pauli spin vector operator and spin state. Under the spin-position decoupling approximation it consists of three orthonormal vectors comprising a gauge phase. In the one-particle case the representation: (1) is Hermitian; (2) shows handedness; (3) reproduces all standard expectation values, including the total one-particle spin modulus 𝑆tot = (ℏ/2)√3; (4) constrains basis opposite spins to have same handedness; (5) allows to formalize irreversibility in spin measurement. In the two-particle case: (1) entangled pairs have precisely related gauge phases; (2) the dimensionality of the spin space doubles due to variation of handedness; (3) the four maximally entangled states are naturally defined by the four improper rotations in 3D: reflections onto the three orthogonal frame planes (triplets) and inversion (singlet). Cross-product terms in the expression for the squared total spin of two particles relate to experiment and they yield all standard expectation values after measurement. Here spin is directly defined and transformed in 3D orientation space, without use of eigen algebra and tensor product as done in the standard formulation. The formalism allows working with whole geometric objects instead of only components, thereby helping keep a clear geometric picture of ‘on paper’ (controlled gauge phase) and ‘on lab’ (uncontrolled gauge phase) spin transformations.
Relationship Between Decision Conflict and Decision Regret Among Postoperative Breast Cancer Patients in China: the Regulating Role of Decision-making Preparation
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Qingyue , Pang Jianmei , Shi Liyuan , Wang Xiaoyuan , Yan Di , Yin Jian , Qiang Wanmin
Published: September 2021

Objective: Different surgical methods have different risks and benefits.Chinese breast cancer(BC) patients’ decision-making of surgical treatment becomes a critical research question. Patients are often offered several options before surgery, and decision preparation plays an important role in the decision process. However some patients regret the original decision afterward. To understand the current situation, this study explore mainly explores the status of decision regret among postoperative breast cancer patients,and tests the relationship between decision conflicts, decision-making preparation, and decision regret. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out. Totally 320 postoperative BC patients were studied using a self-made general data scale, Decision Regret Scale, Decision Conflict Scale, and Preparation for Decision Making Scale. Basic descriptive analyses, Pearson’s correlation analyses and regression analyses were performed. Results: The average score of decision regret among BC patients after surgery was 34.28. Decision regret was positively associated with decision conflict (r=0.853, p<0.01), and negatively associated decision preparation (r=-0.404, p<0.01). Decision-making preparation plays a regulatory role for the emergence of decision conflicts and regrets. The correlation between decision conflicts and decision regret increases with the increase in decision-making preparation. Conclusion: The adverse effects of decision conflicts on decision regret gradually increase with the increase in decision-making preparation. Results indicate that reducing decision preparation can be expected to improve the level of decision regret among Chinese postoperative BC patients.Thus, Clinical staffs should encourage patients to take an active part in decision-making, provide specialized information support, and improve the level of decision regret among Chinese BC patients after surgery.