bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing an Effective Management of Change MOC System for Upstream Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Laskar Sandipan
Published: March 2017

The upstream oil and gas industry involves processing high volume of live data during different operations (such as drilling, production, well servicing etc.) and thereby generating high volume of process or procedure changes. It is very important to manage these changes as based on the past incidents in the industry it can be noted that accidents often occurs after changes. Any change that has safety implications should be carefully evaluated, including performing a hazard analysis, before it is allowed. One of the practicable approach in managing these changes is by implementing a Management of Change (MOC) system.

Most companies have policies for management of change, but the implementation and enforcement of these policies can vary greatly. An effective MOC work process includes a review and authorization process for evaluating proposed adjustments to facility design, operations, organization or activities prior to implementation to make certain that no unforeseen new hazards are introduced and that the risk of the existing hazards to employee, the public, or the environment is not unknowingly increased. It also includes steps to help ensure that potentially affected personnel are notified of the change and that pertinent document, such as procedures, process safety knowledge, and so forth, are kept up-to-date.

The main aim of this paper is to address the three basic questions (what? why? and how?) in implementing an effective MOC system. There are more robust MOC program available for the facilities covered under OSHA Process Safety Management program. However the management of change (MOC) work process mentioned in this paper is fit for purpose for upstream oil and gas operation. This paper discusses challenges in implementing MOC system for facilities not covered under OSHA Process Safety Management program and addresses common misconceptions of Management of Change system.
Oil Spill Trajectory Simulation for the Clair Oilfield, Faroe Shetland Channel, United Kingdom Continental Shelf
Authors: Eke Chijioke David , Anifowose Babatunde
Published: March 2017

Oil spills have been identified as a common consequence of the exploration and production of petroleum resources. This is likely to increase with the continuous rise in demand for petroleum and petroleum products. The Clair oilfield holds the largest undeveloped hydrocarbon accumulation in the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS), indicating its importance to the future of UK production strategy. Significant developments made in oil spill modelling in the last twenty years suggest the need for an updated study on the behaviour of a Clair oil spill. This study aims to design an updated stochastic model for oil spill prediction in the Clair Oilfield in order to provide an understanding of the trajectory, fate and uncertainties of spilled oil at varying environmental conditions. The GNOME software was employed to model the oil spill trajectory in the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC) and ADIOS2 for modelling the Clair oil spill weathering processes. "Minimum regret" analysis suggests that spills allowed to persist will cross the Norway/UK boundary line and move further towards the Norwegian coastline. Furthermore, there is the possibility of oil beaching along the coast of the Shetland Island if the oil spill occurs. The weathering models revealed that evaporation will account for about 15% of the oil lost in both summer and winter while dispersion will account for 15% and 30% of the oil lost in summer and winter respectively. Within the 5-day scenario considered the Clair oil forms a meso-stable emulsion resulting in a 100 times increase in the viscosity of the oil and a slight increase in density. Furthermore, airborne benzene concentration evaporated within 15 hours and 6 hours in summer and winter respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest that equipment should be stockpiled as well as mechanical responders for near shore intervention to prevent and tackle possible beaching along the Shetland island coast and the Norwegian coast.
Changing the Safety Culture: Providing an Accident-Free Work Environment
Authors: Simon Flavio
Published: March 2017

This case-study, covering the period 2012 – 2015, describes how a "Change in the Safety Culture" process that took place in workshops which were manufacturing, assembling, and repairing valves used in the fracturing of unconventional reservoirs. The need for action was clearly demonstrated by an unacceptable 2012 Total Recordable Incident Rate of 13.99. A situational assessment, executed by late 2012, showed that the prevailing safety culture was one that accepted as inevitable that "accidents happened, happen, and will continue to happen." Corrective and proactive actions were outlined and implemented in order to change that state of mind. The ultimate and most important key performance indicator (KPI) chosen to monitor the "Change in the Safety Culture" was the rolling 12-month total recordable incident rate (Rol12Mo TRIR). From the period of May 2013 thru the end of 2015 the trend in Rol12Mo TRIR was almost continually downward. The last OSHA recordable injury occurred in November 2014; over the subsequent 13 months in a row, not a single recordable injury was registered.
Combining Advanced Biocide Evaluation and Microbial Monitoring to Optimise Microbial Control
Authors: Johnson Richard J.
Published: March 2017

Microorganisms can cause numerous issues in oil field systems, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), reservoir souring, biofouling and separation problems. They are often controlled using biocides, however the dynamic nature of both oil field systems and microbial communities means that this is not a set up and leave solution. Therefore, rigorous biocide selection and microbial monitoring must be carried out in tandem to ensure that the treatment chemicals are effective from both a technical and cost point of view.

Microbial monitoring has advanced significantly in recent years, and now incorporates molecular DNA techniques such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify microorganisms, and metagenomics to identify them. These data however, still need relating back to the methods used to control microbial proliferation in oil field systems.

In this paper a combined approach is presented, with use of an onsite biocide evaluation test apparatus (BETA) to test up to sixteen biocides simultaneously at different dose rates and contact times for many repeated dosages. This is connected to a production or water injection system to realistically simulate pipeline conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure, flow rate, water chemistry, surface materials, etc.) during biocide evaluation. This allows for biocides to be techno-economically ranked under process conditions and may also be used to determine the effects of different biocide regimes on corrosion and pitting rates.

Any changes to the microbial community are detected early using the latest molecular microbiology techniques to ensure that the biocide maintains its effectiveness. This guarantees that any required biocide re-evaluation is carried out when needed, meaning that ineffective biocides are not needlessly dosed, which would increase operating expenditure (OPEX) costs and risks to asset integrity. It also avoids needless biocide re-evaluations where the current regime is working effectively.

An understanding of the type of data from different microbial monitoring tools is important and interpreting this correctly helps to bring a combined approach together, with some of the common pitfalls discussed. By using the most appropriate tools in the microbiologist's tool box for routine monitoring, along with a rigorous biocide evaluation regime, these advances can be used to keep a close control on OPEX along with improving asset integrity and increasing production.
The Impact of Increase in Lateral Length on Production Performance of Horizontal Shale Wells
Authors: Yuan Ge , Dwivedi Priyank , Kwok Chun Ka , Malpani Raj
Published: March 2017

Production drivers including reservoir, completion quality, and number and quality of hydraulic fracture stages influence overall production performance of a well. In an integrated engineering study, all production drivers were assumed to be very similar except for the well horizontal lateral length. Well production rate was calculated with horizontal lateral lengths varying from about 1,000 ft to 20,000 ft with an increment of 1,200 ft. Statistical field data and integrated reservoir-wellbore simulation were compared to draw a comprehensive conclusion. Different domain engineering principles were used to understand the impact of increase in lateral length on production performance of horizontal shale wells.
Vacuum Insulated Tubing Efficiency for Offshore Steam Injection: Case Study from Emeraude Field Congo
Authors: Guillet-Lhermite J. , Robert B. , Bimperling F. , Nkoukou C. , Damour J. , Ollier P.
Published: March 2017

This paper validates the thermal efficiency of Vacuum Insulated Tubing (VIT) for offshore steam injection application on Emeraude Field (Congo). It includes field measurement of thermal dissipation prior to VIT installation, steam injection logging tool interpretation, thermal losses modelling of offshore steam injection, and well monitoring data post-installation. It is concluded that VIT improved steam quality from 35% up to +95%, leading to significant steam generation cost savings and overall EOR efficiency improvement.

PERENCO/CONGOREP started offshore steam injection in Emeraude in April 2010 from the new MOAB platform, with 4 steam injector and 9 producer wells. The purpose of the project was to pilot offshore steam injection, using an inverted 5 spot pattern on the R2 reservoir. In 2013, steam PLT runs and temperature monitoring measured that steam quality downhole was only 35%, meaning that 65% of latent heat was lost by thermal conduction and sea water convection along conductor pipe.

Following these observations, thermal model simulation was performed, which confirmed the severity of thermal losses along the submerged casing section (60m water depth at MOAB location). Moreover, shallow water bearing reservoirs were showing temperature increases in neighboring production wells, revealing unexpected sub-surface thermal losses. A remedial option was identified as the implementation of vacuum insulated tubing on steam injectors. PERENCO and MAJUS collaborated to take advantage of a workover opportunity in July 2015, and fast-tracked VIT installation using 3″1/2 ID VIT tubings down to 308m.

Steam injection was resumed immediately, and we observed a positive insulation effect in neighboring wells. With only 0.8t/hour steam injection, EMM-511 well demonstrated the same thermal impact as a 2t/hour non-insulated injector. Steam savings allowed the boiler to be run on fuel gas only, reducing the need for extra fuel oil consumption. From September 2015, decreased water cuts were also noticed in neighboring production wells, unlocking an additional bottleneck. New steam PLT runs have not been made yet, but these indirect observations confirmed thermal loss predictions of +95% steam efficiency with VIT as predicted by thermal modelling.

CONGOREP will continue to adapt Thermal EOR strategy to respond to offshore conditions. By implementing MAJUS vacuum insulated tubings on the EMM-511 well, we demonstrated the fundamental impact of thermal insulation in offshore environment. By increasing steam quality up to +90%, we significantly reduced fuel oil consumption, improved thermal efficiency, and reduced water breakthrough on producing wells.

VIT technology has been field proven for offshore steam injection with increasing steam efficiency and overall thermal efficiency. Thermal simulation predictions were validated by field monitoring and positive impact was demonstrated on neighbouring wells.
Rock-on-a-Chip Devices for High p, T Conditions and Wettability Control for the Screening of EOR Chemicals
Authors: Wegner J. , Ganzer L.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we present a new generation of micromodels that will significantly improve the investigation of "Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)" processes under in-situ reservoir conditions (p, T). The micromodels presented will be used as an integral part of the surfactant selection process and are considered a useful tool among phase behavior testing and core floods.

The micromodel developed is a sandwich of different materials; Glass-Silicon-Glass (GSG). The porous structure is completely dry etched through the silicon which results in a transparent micromodel. The GSG - micromodels presented in this study show several advantages over "conventional" micromodels made of silicon, PDMS or glass: (1) they are transparent, hence, enable more flexible image gathering, (2) permit the construction of small pore-throats and complex flow geometries and (3) facilitate the investigation of transport processes at high p, T.

The wettability of the micromodel is controlled using nanotechnology based coatings which are critical to run micromodel flooding experiments under predefined conditions. The nanocoating technology can be best described by densely packed molecular piles bound to the surface via strong covalent bonds. Therefore, excellent hydrolytic, chemical and thermal stability of the nanocoatings is observed.

The paper discusses micromodel construction, surface modification and experimental setup and will show how the microfluidic technology can be used to rapidly screen suitable surfactant solutions for "Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)" applications.

Results show that microfluidic technology give detailed pore-level insights into multi-phase displacement of oil by surfactant solutions including percolation of emulsions. Further, if applied they can accelerate the surfactant screening process and considerably reduce the amount of required core floods. Hence, microfluidic surfactant screening be considered an integral part of the surfactant solution selection process in the future.
A Case Study of Comprehensive Field Development Design for a Tight Gas Chalk-Reservoir in North Sea
Authors: Ansari Arsalan , Alklih Mohamad , Ghosh Bisweswar
Published: March 2017

In all probability, the petroleum industry is faced with a number of enormous challenges resulting from the declining oil prices such as high abandonment and new wells construction costs, low sweep efficiency, harsh environments etc. These challenges can be met by designing a long term development plan of a petroleum prospect, ensuring maximum recovery without sacrificing the safety standards. This work describes a multicomponent and strategic development plan designed for a tight gas reservoir, starting from formation evaluation to drilling-completion and economic analysis in addition to the environmental issues that must be considered in advance.

The field is principally a gas condensate field, where the reservoir is mainly Chalk with an average porosity of 27% and average permeability of 0.1mD with 65% water saturation. The reservoir pressure (5960 psia) and dew point (5940 psia) being very close, the reservoir is close to saturation pressure and gas condensate is expected to form immediately on commencing production. PVT studies indicated that the critical condensate saturation will not be reached which in turn means that it will never be mobile or recoverable with reservoir pressure decline. Given the fact that the water drive is rather weak, pressure maintenance methods will be needed to avoid the condensation of gas within the reservoir.

Based on petro-physical evaluation, our team was able to construct a static reservoir model using Petrel Software and the team suggested three different development scenarios consisting of horizontal and multilateral wells of various configurations. Based on the development strategies, a dynamic model is constructed for each scenario to compare the techno-economic feasibility and selection of the most optimum strategy. It was found that the field would be economically viable to produce for a time period of 50 years and the simulation results indicate that an ultimate recovery of 69-76% was achieved if water injection is applied from year-1 onwards. Moreover, the highest recovery factor of 76% is achieved with scenario-B as it has a five spot pattern with 8 vertical injection and 3 multilateral production wells. In addition, the most delayed water breakthrough is achieved in this scenario that occurs after 2.5 years. Moreover, it was also observed that the pressure maintenance was 100% effective in scenario-C as the reservoir pressure increased as a result of increasing the water injection rate rather than increasing the sweep efficiency. However, for the other scenarios, the reservoir pressure drops but not below the critical value.

Finally, a cumulative gas production of 389-424 MMMSCF was observed along with a gas production rate of 8.61-24.7MMSCF/day giving a cumulative net present value of $890,000 with a payback period of 5 years, indicating that the project is economically viable after 50 years.
A Novel Injectivity and Permeability Log for Tight Reservoirs
Authors: Manivannan S. , Jacques A. , Brouard B. , Bérest P. , de la Combe Jean-Luc Boutaud , Jaffrezic V. , Fleury M.
Published: March 2017

Be it electrical signals in resistivity logs, radioactivity in gamma ray logs or magnetic moments of hydrogen protons in NMR logs, most logging techniques use an indirect approach to estimate permeability, which, in simple terms, is the measure of the ease with which a fluid of given viscosity can flow through porous media. These logging techniques are often expensive, requiring downhole equipment and, at times, other complimentary logs to obtain the permeability profile. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a cost-effective, injection-based logging technique to obtain a continuous injectivity and permeability profile. This technique does not require any downhole equipment. Accurate flowmeters and pressure sensors at the wellhead are sufficient.

An in-situ pilot test was performed in a tight overburden formation. The in-situ test data gave clear indications of permeable zones and were found to be in good agreement with the NMR derived permeability log calibrated on core data. We also present interpretation techniques to interpret the data from the injection-based log tests and obtain a continuous permeability profile of the near-well zone. This interpretation technique uses an exact solution to the unsteady flow problem, obtained using ‘Bessel-Fourier’ series. A demonstration of this log test, in a laboratory model that is representative of a multilayer formation, is presented. The test results correctly showed the presence of permeable layers and were interpreted for permeability. Permeabilities thus obtained displayed a strong correlation to the benchmark permeability values of the samples.
Pressure Transient Analysis in Advanced Wells Completed with Flow Control Devices
Authors: Nikjoo Ehsan , Muradov Khafiz , Davies David , Beesley Martin , Iriska Dian
Published: March 2017

Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) modify the inflow profile of a multi-zone well completion. Their imposition of an extra pressure drop at the sandface has proven to be particularly effective at delaying the breakthrough of (unwanted) water or gas in wells with long completion lengths. It is widely accepted that an ICD completion improves the field's economics; but the question of whether and why an ICD completion affects the accuracy of standard Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) workflows has not been addressed.

A typical ICD completion is designed to create an extra pressure drop of a similar magnitude to the well's expected reservoir drawdown when producing at its target rate. This paper shows why this extra pressure drop cannot always be treated as an additional skin value during PTA. This is because the ICD's pressure drop is a time dependent variable, varying with both fluid's viscosity and flowrate through the device. A nonlinear pressure loss can, sometimes, distort the pressure response and render conventional PTA methods inaccurate.

The study presented in this paper uses an integrated, dynamically coupled, wellbore and reservoir model to define the limits within which treating the ICD pressure drop as an additional skin is a valid assumption and when its nonlinear nature will result in an inaccurately estimated value of skin and reservoir permeability. A general workflow for the analysis of PTA data measured in liquid producing wells completed with ICDs is proposed for the derivation of realistic values of the formation damage skin. The workflow has also been adapted for routine monitoring of wells completed with ICDs.

The value of this study is illustrated by its application to two data sets from the North Sea's Golden Eagle field. This is an ideal field to test the validity of our theoretical analysis due to well completions with multiple levels of inflow control together with "state-of-the-art", downhole sensors. The results of this work allows Reservoir and Production Engineers to differentiate between deteriorating well performance due to increasing watercut and that due to an increasing formation damage skin.
Simulation of the Effect of Non-Uniform Proppant Distribution on Well Productivity in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Hou Tengfei , Zhang Shicheng , Li Dong , Ma Xinfang
Published: March 2017

Uniform proppant distribution in multiple perforation clusters plays a crucial role on sufficiently propping fractures conductivity in hydraulic fracturing. These propped fractures and their effectiveness is critically influenced by the in situ stress in the formation. As great uncertainty exists in uneven propped fracture, this paper examines the impact of proppant distribution and fracture conductivity variation on the gas productivity for shale gas reservoirs, by developing a reservoir simulation model.

In this paper, numerical reservoir simulation, which involves application of a constantly decreasing permeability to the propped fracture, are used to model the uneven proppant distribution and geomechanics effect. The decrease of permeability, along from the wellbore toward the tip, is simulated using an exponential approach, as well as a linear approach. Moreover, Effects of gas desorption and stress-dependent fracture conductivity are taken into account in this model. Sensitivity analysis is carried out on critical parameters to quantify the key parameters affecting gas productivity between uniform and nonuniform proppant distribution. The degree of non-uniform proppant distribution is also investigated and divided into four types of proppant distribution scenarios.

The following conclusions can be obtained based on the simulation results. A big difference on well performance between the case of linear and exponential permeability degradation is observed. The pressure distribution comparison shows higher pressure drops in the exponentially decreasing permeability case, which results in a lower gas production. Reservoir permeability plays a critical role in cumulative gas production, no matter in case of permeability exponentially degrading or linear degrading, followed by fracture half-length, primary fracture conductivity, Fracture complexity, permeability anisotropy. Furthermore, the effect of uneven proppant distribution between different clusters can significantly reduce the gas recovery, especially in low proppant concentration and small fracture conductivity.

The model presented in this paper takes the uneven proppant distribution and geomechanics effect into consideration and shows good agreement with real field production. This paper can demonstrate its own merits on the optimization of hydraulic fracturing treatments, and provide a better understanding of the effect of proppant distribution on well performance.
Screening St. Augustinegrass Genotypes for Brown Patch and Large Patch Disease Resistance
Authors: Flor Norma C. , Harmon Philip F. , Kenworthy Kevin , Raid Richard N. , Nagata Russell , Datnoff Lawrence E.
Published: March 2017

Two diseases of St. Augustinegrass (SAG) [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.). Ktze.] are caused by different anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia solani. Brown patch (BP) is a foliar disease of little economic importance, and large patch (LP) causes leaf sheath rot and death of affected turfgrass shoots and stolons. St. Augustinegrass genotypes were inoculated with an isolate that causes BP and an isolate that causes LP in repeated experiments. Three disease severity parameters were calculated from data recorded from each genotype, including final disease severity (Y), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and the apparent infection rate (r
L
). The inoculation protocol reliably produced symptoms, and both r
L
and AUDPC provided statistically significant separations between genotypes for their susceptibility to BP and LP. A significant interaction between isolate and genotype was observed, and some genotypes that were very susceptible to LP were among the least susceptible to BP. These data suggest that differences in resistance to LP can be quantified in SAG genotypes, but genotype response may be isolate dependent.
Potential of Low‐Coverage Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing and Imputation for Cost‐Effective Genomic Selection in Biparental Segregating Populations
Authors: Gorjanc Gregor , Dumasy Jean‐Francois , Gonen Serap , Gaynor R. Chris , Antolin Roberto , Hickey John M.
Published: March 2017

Genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) is an alternative genotyping method to single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays that has received considerable attention in the plant breeding community. In this study we use simulation to quantify the potential of low‐coverage GBS and imputation for cost‐effective genomic selection in biparental segregating populations. The simulations comprised a range of scenarios where SNP array or GBS data were used to train the genomic selection model, to predict breeding values, or both. The GBS data were generated with sequencing coverages (x) from 4x to 0.01x. The data were used either nonimputed or imputed by the AlphaImpute program. The size of the training and prediction sets was either held fixed or was increased by reducing sequencing coverage per individual. The results show that nonimputed 1x GBS data provided comparable prediction accuracy and bias, and for the used measurement of return on investment, outperformed the SNP array data. Imputation allowed for further reduction in sequencing coverage, to as low as 0.1x with 10,000 markers or 0.01x with 100,000 markers. The results suggest that using such data in biparental families gave up to 5.63 times higher return on investment than using the SNP array data. Reduction of sequencing coverage per individual and imputation can be leveraged to genotype larger training sets to increase prediction accuracy and larger prediction sets to increase selection intensity, which both allow for higher response to selection and higher return on investment.
A Review of Warm‐Season Turfgrass Evapotranspiration, Responses to Deficit Irrigation, and Drought Resistance
Authors: Colmer Timothy D. , Barton Louise
Published: March 2017

Knowledge of turfgrass evapotranspiration (ETc) and drought resistance can enable water conservation by guiding turfgrass selection for various climates and irrigation scheduling. Turfgrass ETc, crop coefficients (K
c = ETc/ET0, where ET0 is reference evapotranspiration), responses to deficit irrigation, and drought resistance, are reviewed for warm‐season species (perennial, sod‐forming, C4 grasses). In well‐watered conditions, ETc was 2.44 to 10.53 mm d−1 (nine species in six climates during late spring to early autumn) and K
c was 0.34 to 1.27 (seven species in seven climates). Under deficit irrigation, ETc was 2.14 to 5.71 mm d−1 and K
c was 0.52 to 0.94 (seven species in four climates). Crop evapotranspiration was greater with increasing aridity. The K
c data provide benchmarks for irrigation. Field irrigation dose–response experiments show that some warm‐season turfgrasses differ in water requirements. Inter‐ and intraspecies variations in drought resistance have also been documented. Additional research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed variations in turfgrass ETc and drought resistance and to test the influence of management practices (e.g., cutting height, nitrogen fertilizer, and growth regulators) in field situations. Looking forward, process‐based modeling could increase understanding of turfgrass traits and other factors influencing ETc and drought resistance and further assist efficient use of water in warm‐season turfgrass systems.
Are we all ready for a reset?
Authors: Petrina Gabriella
Published: March 2017

Development is indeed a multi-faced phenomenon. The year 2016 has been a special year: the year of the formal declarations, following the global agreements and goals set in 2015, to go towards the new SDGs goals (officially known as Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development) and the concrete preparation of the implementation phase.
Water Privatization Aftermath in Armenia: Scale, Public Perception and Willingness to Pay
Authors: Harutyunyan Naira
Published: March 2017

La globalización, la liberalización de los mercados internacionales y la intensificación de la cooperación internacional impulsaron la expansión generalizada de la privatización de los servicios públicos, aunque no está claro si la privatización sirvió al interés público o no. El documento presenta el casode Armenia, un país en transición que pasó por un intenso proceso de privatización en el sector del agua. Las evaluaciones, de arriba hacia abajo, muestran que las empresas de servicios públicos armenios alcanzaron una posición superior a la media en las comparaciones internacionales. Se utilizaron las encuestas hechas en los hogares para proporcionar evidencia empírica sobre las experiencias reales de los usuarios, a través de la medición de la percepción que ellos tienen sobre los servicios de agua, la disposición a pagar y las acciones de conservación. Los resultados muestran que los usuarios en sus hogares, en general, están satisfechos con los servicios de agua. La proporción más alta de los que están dispuestos a pagar por mejoras está en las zonas rurales que refleja la mayor necesidad de mejores servicios de agua. Como era de esperar, la situación financiera de los hogares y la percepción del precio del agua afectan la disposición a pagar. Los resultados de la investigación proporcionaron evidencia de la teoría de la comparación social según la cual la menorsatisfacción del público con los servicios de agua puede derivarse en áreas que colindan con otras áreas con mejores servicios de abastecimiento de agua. El estudio también encuentra que la medición universal del agua afectó el comportamiento del consumo de agua de las familias.
Economic Effects of Inter-community Conflicts In Kenya: Evidence of the Importance of Peace in the Realization of Sustainable Development
Authors: Onono Perez
Published: March 2017

El objetivo 16 de la lista de los 17 objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) de las Naciones Unidas (SDG) busca promover sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas para el desarrollo sostenible, incluyendo por ende la reducción de todas las formas de violencia y muertes relacionadas, la reducción de los flujos financieros y armamentísticos ilícitos, la recuperación y devolución de bienes robados,y la lucha contra todas las formas de delincuencia organizada, entre otras. La comprensión de los efectos de los conflictos aclara el vínculo y la interdependencia de la agenda de paz y la realización de la mayoría de los ODS. Kenia, país que hace parte en las resoluciones de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, ha experimentado en su historia episodios de conflictos intercomunitarios derivados de la competencia por el control de los escasos recursos naturales entre las comunidades de pastores, la violencia relacionada con las elecciones y los enfrentamientos derivados de fronteras entre grupos. Con base en las experiencias de los conflictos étnicos durante los periodos electorales y la revisión de la literatura, este documento analiza los efectos económicos de los conflictos intercomunitarios en Kenia y señala cómo tales efectos hacen que la construcciónde la paz y la resolución de conflictos sean cruciales para el logro de otros ODS.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A DIVISÃO SEXUAL DO TRABALHO NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DO SUL CATARINENSE
Authors: Salvaro Giovana Ilka Jacinto , Estevam Dimas de Oliveira
Published: March 2017

Neste artigo, a partir do estudo e do registro sobre as transformações em unidades de produção no âmbito da agricultura familiar, busca-se apresentar considerações a respeito da organização e da divisão sexual do trabalho entre associados/as de cooperativas rurais descentralizadas do Sul Catarinense. O foco temático emerge de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre inovações na agricultura familiar, no contexto de cooperativas descentralizadas do Sul Catarinense, iniciada em 2015 e finalizada em 2016. Em um recorte analítico no qual são observadas reorganizações familiares no/pelo processo produtivo que indicam deslocamentos e permanências na divisão sexual do trabalho.
DIMENSÕES DA SUSTENTABILIDADE: O PROCESSO DE CERTIFICAÇÃO “FAIR TRADE” EM COOPERATIVA NO MARAJÓ, PARÁ
Authors: Carvalho de Souza Paulo Sérgio , Martins Cyntia Meireles , Gomes Sérgio Castro , De Santana Antônio Cordeiro , Fernandes Bárbara Ádria Oliveira Farias
Published: March 2017

Esta investigação identifica e analisa as dimensões econômicas, ambientais e sociais que podem impulsionar a certificação “Fair Trade” na Cooperativa Agroextrativista Veneza do Marajó (COPAVEM), São Sebastião da Boa Vista/PA. A metodologia adotada foi um estudo de caso, sendo utilizados dados primários obtidos a partir de questionários aplicados junto a 20 produtores, entrevista abertas com os cooperados e dados secundários, no qual se procedeu à análise documental de relatórios institucional. O estudo verificou a existência de relação entre processo de certificação Fair trade, com as dimensões da sustentabilidade. Conclui-se que quando a cooperativa adapta seus procedimentos visando atender aos requisitos para obter a certificação, promove aos cooperados o conhecimento sobre as dimensões da sustentabilidade, e estes são aplicados em suas propriedades.
AIDEZ LES MISANTHROPES
Authors: Kaulingfreks Ruud
Published: March 2017

In this paper I want to explore into the dark side of art. There has been a growing interest in art from the field of organization studies.  Since the publication of Strati’s seminal work (1999) organization studies have embraced art as a fruitful way of studying organizations. Aesthetics helps us to critically understand organizations and uncovers aspects of organization that till now we have overseen. Organizations have an aesthetic quality where sensibility and emotions play an important role. Although I am in no way opposed to an aesthetic study of organizations. I want to argue that when dealing with art we have to consider the dark side of art. Art is in no way something just related to beauty and sensible wellbeing. Organization aesthetics needs to be careful not to fall into a romantic conception of art as a transcendental field enriching our lives, filling us with joy and giving us insight in life. Art also has a dark side. It disorients us, makes us uneasy. Art can make us very gloomy and take away joy. Art shows us a side of life that has by no means moral richness and does not contribute to joy and happiness. After going into the disturbing aspects of art I will examine misanthropy in art and point out some consequences for organizations and organization studies.
Frequency and Spectrum of Chromosomal Aberrations, Acrocentric Chromosome Associations Among Long Livers with Arterial Hypertension and Osteoarthritis Residing in the Carpathian Region
Authors: Kozoviy Ruslan
Published: March 2017

The frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, acrocentric chromosome associations among 264 long livers with arterial hypertension and osteoarthritis residing in the Carpathian region were analyzed. The obtained results were compared between patients with arterial hypertension and osteoarthritis, patients with arterial hypertension only, patients with osteoarthritis only and healthy individuals. The indices of the average frequency of chromosomal aberrations in all long livers was as follows: (2.82±0.27) in long livers with arterial hypertension and osteoarthritis and (2.17±0.47) in healthy individuals. In long livers with arterial hypertension and those with osteoarthritis, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was 1.38 times higher compared to the control group (healthy long livers). The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in long livers with arterial hypertension and those with osteoarthritis was (2.93±0.09) and (2.64±0.37), respectively.At the same time, there was observed the individual variability in chromosomal aberration frequency from 0.2 to 5%. In the spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, unstable chromosomal aberrations (dicentrics, rings, fragments) predominated in all long livers. When studying the index of acrocentric chromosome associations there was revealed that the difference in the indices between studied groups was identical to that when studying the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. In long livers with arterial hypertension and osteoarthritis, the index of the average number of acrocentric chromosome associations per cell was 1.07 times higher than that in long livers with arterial hypertension only, 1.32 times higher compared to that in long livers with osteoarthritis only and 1.75 times higher compared to healthy individuals (p<0.05).
Perceived Dentist and Dental Hygienist Task Distribution After Dental and Dental Hygiene Students’ Team Intervention
Authors: Reinders Jan J. , Krijnen Wim P. , Stegenga Boudewijn , van der Schans Cees P.
Published: March 2017

Attitudes of dental students regarding the provision of treatment tend to be dentist‐centered; however, facilitating mixed student group formation could change such perceptions. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived scope of practice of dental and dental hygiene students and whether their perceptions of task distribution between dentists and dental hygienists would change following an educational intervention consisting of feedback, intergroup comparison, and competition between mixed‐group teams. The study employed a pretest‐posttest single group design. Third‐year dental students and second‐year dental hygiene students at a university in The Netherlands were randomly assigned to intraprofessional teams (four or five members) and received team‐based performance feedback and comparison. The intervention was finalized with an award ceremony for the best intraprofessional team. Before and after the intervention, students completed a questionnaire measuring their perceived distribution of ten tasks between dentists and dental hygienists. A total of 38 dental students and 32 dental hygiene students participated in the intervention—all 70 of those eligible. Questionnaires were completed by a total 88.4% (n=61) of the participants: 34 dental (89.5%) and 27 dental hygiene students (84.4%). Dental and dental hygiene students had similar perceptions regarding teeth cleaning (prophylaxis) (p=0.372, p=0.404) and, after the intervention, preventive tasks (p=0.078). Following the intervention, dental students considered four out of ten tasks as less dentist‐centered: radiograph for periodontal diagnosis (p=0.003), local anesthesia (p=0.037), teeth cleaning (p=0.037), and periodontal treatment (p=0.045). Dental hygiene students perceived one task as being less dentist‐centered after the intervention: radiograph for cariologic diagnosis (p=0.041). This study found that these dental and dental hygiene students had different opinions regarding the scope of practice for dentistry and dental hygiene. The number of redistributed tasks after the intervention was especially substantial among the dental students, although the amount of change per task was minimal. Half of all tasks were perceived as less dentist‐centered as a result of the intervention.
LA MACRORREGIÓN DEL CALZADO GUANAJUATENSE: ¿ UN ESPACIO EN TRANSICIÓN?
Authors: Rocha Aceves Ángel Luis , Iglesias Lesaga Esther
Published: March 2017

1. LAS INDUSTRIAS DEL CUERO Y DEL CALZADO EN MÉXICO: FORTALEZAS Y DEBILIDADES.

Las industrias mexicanas del cuero y del calzado, espacio tradicional de capitales nacionales se sacudieron muy fuertemente, como muchos otros sectores manufactureros, después de la entrada de México al Acuerdo General de Aranceles y Comercio (GATT), en 1986, las transformaciones sufridas entonces ilustran sobre este problema. ...
LOS RETOS DE LA COORDINACIÓN INSTITUCIONAL PARA EL DESARROLLO REGIONAL EN MÉXICO
Authors: Tapia Mónica
Published: March 2017

INTRODUCCIÓN

Las estrategias actuales para promover desarrollo enfatizan la dimensión local y el enfoque de actuación sobre el territorio. Se han hecho numerosas referencias también a la necesidad de coordinar actores y de pensar de manera transversal en la planeación tradicional entre sectores. Se trata de aspirar a construir una dinámica verdaderamente federalista, donde las regiones y los estados sean el motor del desarrollo, sin caer en la fragmentación y el regionalismo sino en mecanismos de diálogo, concurrencia y cooperación entre niveles de gobierno. Sin embargo, la compleja realidad del país, con sus contrastantes regiones, procesos políticos y limitantes institucionales, han hecho difícil llevar a cabo estas prescripciones de políticas del desarrollo....
SUJECIÓN LABORAL Y CONFLICTOS JURISDICCIONALES EN UNA COMUNIDAD MAM DEL ALTIPLANO GUATEMALTECO (1890-1947)
Authors: Torras Conangla Rosa
Published: March 2017

La entrada de Guatemala en la economía de agroexportación cafetalera en el siglo XIX supuso la aplicación de diversos mecanismos de sujeción laboral destinados a movilizar a los trabajadores —sobre todo indígenas— de las zonas donde residían a aquellas donde se producía el cultivo. Las fincas de mozos fueron uno de esos mecanismos. El presente artículo explora los efectos de estas políticas en una comunidad mam del altiplano huehueteco, mismas que provocaron altos índices de conflictividad expresados en desmembramientos territoriales y conflictos jurisdiccionales.
DE LA “CASA” A LA “HACIENDA”. DE VERA (NAVARRA) A CHIAPAS (1750-1821) LAS CARAS JERARQUIZADAS DE UNA PRÁCTICA SOCIAL ESTAMENTAL: LA “OECONOMÍA”
Authors: Urrutikoetxea Lizarraga José
Published: March 2017

Las líneas que siguen son el fruto de una dinámica en la que el autor de la tesis doctoral que da pie a esta reflexión y quienes le hemos acompañado en la dirección del trabajo hemos tenido la oportunidad de caminar codo con codo a lo largo de una experiencia por descubrir el sentido de los pasos seguidos por una familia que, nacida en un valle húmedo del País Vasco-Navarro —Vera del Bidasoa—, se traslada a América para asentarse definitivamente en tierras chiapanecas.

La historia de los Esponda Olaechea, la experiencia de los emigrantes vasco-navarros en América, recibe así luz desde las dos orillas de una historia compleja, dinámica y dialécticamente jerarquizada. No suele ser habitual poder contar con esta doble perspectiva. Quiero creer que sí ha sido posible en el caso presente. De haberlo conseguido, habrá ganado la historiografía chiapaneca y de hecho, en la misma medida, la historiografía vasco-navarra.
EL CUERPO Y LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES
Authors: Ayús Reyes Ramfis , Eroza Solana Enrique
Published: March 2017

El escrito revisa con alguna exhaustividad la literatura sobre el cuerpo como campo de estudio relativamente reciente en las ciencias sociales y humanas. Enmarca este ámbito cognitivo a partir de una visión epistémica inter y transdisciplinaria. Propone una serie de rutas para indagar teórica y metodológicamente acerca del cuerpo como dimensión primordial y constitutiva de las culturas y las prácticas sociales.

 

ABSTRACT

This paper examines exhaustively the literature on the human body as a relatively recent field of studies in social and human sciences. It frames this cognitive field, applying a trans- as well as inter-disciplinary approach. It proposes a number of theoretical and methodological pathways to investigate body as an essential and constituent dimension of cultural and social practices.
LA NOCIÓN DE PERSONA ENTRE LOS MAYAS: UNA VISIÓN SEMÁNTICA
Authors: Bourdin Gabriel Luis
Published: March 2017

El presente trabajo está dedicado a las representaciones culturales de la persona entre los mayas yucatecos. Se enfoca la noción de persona partiendo de las categorías conceptuales contenidas en el vocabulario. Se intenta dar una visión semántica de la categoría de persona, atendiendo al significado de las palabras empleadas para identificar los diversos componentes del ser humano individual. Se identifican algunos de los conceptos fundamentales referidos a los diversos componentes que integran el ser humano en la concepción de esta cultura. Entre los mayas peninsulares modernos, el individuo humano se concibe como una unidad de wiinkilil“cuerpo”, pixan “alma” y ool “ánimo”; esta concepción difiere en alguna medida de la que se infiere a partir de los testimonios en maya colonial, y también de las de otros pueblos hablantes de lenguas mayances, entre otras cosas por la ausencia entre los mayas peninsulares de la idea de un “doble animal” asociado de modo íntimo con la vida del individuo.

 

ABSTRACT

The present paper studies cultural representations of person among Yucatec Mayas. The study is focussed on the notion of person starting from the conceptual characteristics contained in the vocabulary. The paper attempts to give a semantic point of view of the category of person, considering the meaning of the words used to identify the different components of the human being taken as an individual. Some of the essential concepts that refer to the diverse components of the individual human being are identified here. Among the modern Peninsular Mayas, the human being is conceived as a unit of wíinkilil –body–, pixán –soul–, and óol –spirit. This conception somewhat differs from the idea that has been transmitted by Colonial Maya testimonies and by other people speaking Mayan languages. Among other things, this happens because of the absence, among Peninsular Mayas, of an “animal companion”, idea which is closely related to the individual’s life.
LA NOCIÓN DE PERSONA Y EL CONCEPTO DE IXTLAMATKI EN LA VISIÓN DEL MUNDO DE LOS NAHUAS DE LA SIERRA NEGRA DE PUEBLA
Authors: Romero Laura
Published: March 2017

En la cosmovisión de los nahuas de San Sebastián Tlacotepec, municipio perteneciente a la Sierra Negra de Puebla, la noción de persona es uno de los ejes vertebrales para entender la forma en que es concebido elixtlamatki, el que sabe ver, especialista ritual encargado de los problemas de salud originados por la pérdida del alma, el daño al animal compañero y la brujería.

A partir del análisis de los atributos otorgados al ixtlamatki, mismos que lo definen como un ser humano “especial”, podemos entender su función como intermediario entre el mundo humano y el “mundo-otro”, sus capacidades como “recuperador” de almas, su capacidad de transformarse en animal, la fortaleza de sus entidades anímicas y su facultad de actuar a voluntad durante sus sueños.

 

ABSTRACT

In the world view of the nahua population of San Sebastian Tlacotepec, a village localized in the region denominated Sierra Negra in the state of Puebla, the “notion of person” is one of the principals elements necessary to understand the concept of ixtlamatki, “ the one who knows how to see”, ritual specialist in charge of health problems en cases like loss of soul, witchcraft or when the alter ego has been hurt.

Beginning with the analysis of his attributes, which define him as special human being, we come closer to understand his function as intermediary between the human world and the “other world”; his power as “soul retriever” and other special abilities, for example, his capacity of transforming himself as well as his faculty to act intentionally in his dreams.