bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave ripples formed in ancient, ice-free lakes in Gale crater, Mars
Authors: Mondro Claire A. , Fedo Christopher M. , Grotzinger John P. , Lamb Michael P. , Gupta Sanjeev , Dietrich William E. , Banham Steven , Weitz Catherine M. , Gasda Patrick , Edgar Lauren A. , Rubin David , Bryk Alexander B. , Kite Edwin S. , Caravaca Gwénaël , Schieber Juergen , Vasavada Ashwin R.
Published: January 2025

Symmetrical wave ripples identified with NASA’s Curiosity rover in ancient lake deposits at Gale crater provide a key paleoclimate constraint for early Mars: At the time of ripple formation, climate conditions must have supported ice-free liquid water on the surface of Mars. These features are the most definitive examples of wave ripples on another planet. The ripples occur in two stratigraphic intervals within the orbitally defined Layered Sulfate Unit: a thin but laterally extensive unit at the base of the Amapari member of the Mirador formation, and a sandstone lens within the Contigo member of the Mirador formation. In both locations, the ripples have an average wavelength of ~4.5 centimeters. Internal laminae and ripple morphology show an architecture common in wave-influenced environments where wind-generated surface gravity waves mobilize bottom sediment in oscillatory flows. Their presence suggests formation in a shallow-water (<2 meters) setting that was open to the atmosphere, which requires atmospheric conditions that allow stable surface water.
Rapid and comprehensive detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids via an acoustofluidic integrated molecular diagnostics chip: AIMDx
Authors: Qian Jiao , Xia Jianping , Chiang Samantha , Liu Jessica F. , Li Ke , Li Feng , Wei Fang , Aziz Mohammad , Kim Yong , Go Vinson , Morizio James , Zhong Ruoyu , He Ye , Yang Kaichun , Yang Otto O. , Wong David T. W. , Lee Luke P. , Huang Tony Jun
Published: January 2025

Precise and rapid disease detection is critical for controlling infectious diseases like COVID-19. Current technologies struggle to simultaneously identify viral RNAs and host immune antibodies due to limited integration of sample preparation and detection. Here, we present acoustofluidic integrated molecular diagnostics (AIMDx) on a chip, a platform enabling high-speed, sensitive detection of viral immunoglobulins [immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM] and nucleic acids. AIMDx uses acoustic vortexes and Gor’kov potential wells at a 1/10,000 subwavelength scale for concurrent isolation of viruses and antibodies while excluding cells, bacteria, and large (>200 nanometers) vesicles from saliva samples. The chip facilitates on-chip viral RNA enrichment, lysis in 2 minutes, and detection via transcription loop–mediated isothermal amplification, alongside electrochemical sensing of antibodies, including mucin-masked IgA. AIMDx achieved nearly 100% recovery of viruses and antibodies, a 32-fold RNA detection improvement, and an immunity marker sensitivity of 15.6 picograms per milliliter. This breakthrough provides a transformative tool for multiplex diagnostics, enhancing early infectious disease detection.
Merging motoneuron and postural synergies in prosthetic hand design for natural bionic interfacing
Authors: Capsi-Morales Patricia , Barsakcioglu Deren Y. , Catalano Manuel G. , Grioli Giorgio , Bicchi Antonio , Farina Dario
Published: January 2025

Despite the advances in bionic reconstruction of missing limbs, the control of robotic limbs is still limited and, in most cases, not felt to be as natural by users. In this study, we introduce a control approach that combines robotic design based on postural synergies and neural decoding of synergistic behavior of spinal motoneurons. We developed a soft prosthetic hand with two degrees of actuation that realizes postures in a two-dimensional linear manifold generated by two postural synergies. Through a manipulation task in nine participants without physical impairment, we investigated how to map neural commands to the postural synergies. We found that neural synergies outperformed classic muscle synergies in terms of dimensionality and robustness. Leveraging these findings, we developed an online method to map the decoded neural synergies into continuous control of the two-synergy prosthetic hand, which was tested on 11 participants without physical impairment and three prosthesis users in real-time scenarios. Results demonstrated that combined neural and postural synergies allowed accurate and natural control of coordinated multidigit actions (>90% of the continuous mechanical manifold could be reached). The target hit rate for specific hand postures was higher with neural synergies compared with muscle synergies, with the difference being particularly pronounced for prosthesis users (prosthesis users, 82.5% versus 35.0%; other participants, 79.5% versus 54.5%). This demonstration of codesign of multisynergistic robotic hands and neural decoding algorithms enabled users to achieve natural modular control to span infinite postures across a two-dimensional space and to execute dexterous tasks, including in-hand manipulation, not feasible with other approaches.
Supplemental Material: Detrital zircon geochronology of a fossiliferous Miocene paleochannel
Authors: Hodges Montana , al. et
Published: January 2025

Table S1: Mokelumne detrital zircon U-Pb geochronological data from the published samples 
Examining the under-representation of black researchers in sports science and sports medicine publications: ‘You Can’t be what You Can’t See’
Authors: de Freitas João Victor Rosa , Morais Naiane Silva , Santos Jéssika Teodoro , Rocha-Silva Rízia , da Conceição Tatiana Silva , dos Santos Rafaela Gomes , de Lima Braulio Evangelista , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Andrade Marilia Santos , Viana Ricardo Borges , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study evaluated the representation of black researchers as authors of articles published in four peer-reviewed journals with the highest impact factors (IFs) in the field of sports science and sports medicine.

Methods

An analysis was conducted on articles published between 2018 and 2022 in four leading sports science journals with high IFs (2022): The British Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal of Sport and Health Science, Sports Medicine and Exercise Immunology Review. Data extraction from the articles included the researcher’s names, sex/gender, total number of authors, number of black authors, their position in the author list, publication year, article title and type and digital object identifier. Sex/gender and race/skin colour were identified using publicly available photographs and methodologies aligned with previous studies and Brazilian racial heteroidentification practices.

Results

The analysis included 1737 articles and 11 158 authors. Only 144 (1.30%) authors were identified as black, of which only 38 were women, corresponding to 0.34% and 26.4% of total authors and total black authors, respectively. When considering authorship positions, only 16 (0.92%) were the first author and 19 (1.09%) were the last (senior) author. Merely 13 (0.75%) articles had two or more black authors.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal a significant under-representation of black authors in sports science and sports medicine publications from high-impact journals, particularly in prominent authorship positions. Active initiatives and policies are urgently required to address and mitigate this inequity.
Relationship between socioeconomic status and social network with loneliness: a cross-sectional study of China older adults with activity of daily living disabilities
Authors: Niu Luyao , Qu Wenjie , Ying Xinyu , Cao Xin , Li Ruyu , Wang Xiyue , Gao Ruizhi , Chen Yuhua , Gao Yue-Xia
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between loneliness and socioeconomic status and social networks in older adults with activity of daily living (ADL) disabilities in China and investigate people who are more likely to feel lonely.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

This study was conducted in six districts of Nantong, Jiangsu, China.

Participants

A total of 880 older adults with ADL disabilities who participated in long-term care insurance and had an ADL score of less than 40 were investigated by the convenient sampling method.

Primary outcome measures

The UCLA Loneliness Scale (V.3) was used to assess loneliness.

Results

Among 880 participants, the mean age was 80.64 years (SD 10.29) and 59.43% were females. The mean score of loneliness was 44.70 (SD=10.01), and the majority suffered from moderate (39.89%) or moderate to severe (40.11%) loneliness. Regression showed that lower loneliness was associated with being females (β=−1.534, 95% CI: −2.841 to –0.228), married (β=−3.554, 95% CI: −4.959 to –2.149), often communicating with children (β=−3.213, 95% CI: −4.519 to –1.908), having more than two friends (β=−5.373, 95% CI: −6.939 to –3.808) and receiving home-based rehabilitation once a day (β=−3.692, 95% CI: −5.642 to –1.743). Participants who lived in rural areas (β=1.926, 95% CI: 0.658 to 3.193) and were unemployed before retirement (β=4.691, 95% CI: 1.485 to 7.898) experienced higher loneliness for older adults with ADL disability. The classification and regression tree model showed fewer friends and communication with children sometimes, and living in rural areas felt more lonely.

Conclusions

The poorer socioeconomic status and social network among older adults with ADL disability perceived more loneliness. Attention should be paid to the loneliness status of such vulnerable people, particularly those with ADL disabilities living in rural areas and having fewer social networks.
‘Obviously, because it’s a tear it won’t necessarily mend itself’: a qualitative study of patient experiences and expectations of treatment for a meniscal tear
Authors: Ahmed Imran , Khatri Chetan , Dhaif Fatema G , Hutchinson Charles E , Parsons Nicholas , Price Andrew James , Staniszewska Sophie , Metcalfe Andrew
Published: January 2025

Objectives

There is a paucity of qualitative research exploring the patient experience of living with a meniscal tear, vital to effective patient management. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and expectations of treatment of patients aged 18–55 years with a meniscal tear of the knee.

Design

Qualitative study involving semistructured interviews.

Setting

Participants were selected from nine secondary care centres in England.

Participants

10 participants diagnosed with a meniscal tear were recruited from the Meniscal Tear Outcome cohort study using a purposive sampling strategy until data saturation was achieved. Semistructured interviews were conducted between April and May 2021 and thematic analysis was used to identify key patient experiences.

Results

Themes identified relate to the broad areas of symptoms, clinical consultation and experience of treatment. Meniscal tears have a profound impact on pain and many patients experience effects on their family and financial life in addition to physical symptoms. Participants expected most of their management to occur in secondary care and most thought surgery would be a definitive treatment, while they believed the effectiveness of physiotherapy could not be guaranteed as it would not fix the physical tear.

Conclusion

This study is one of the first to explore patient experiences of a meniscal tear and their perceptions of treatment options. Patient experiences and perceptions are important for clinicians to understand in order to provide the best possible care. It is important to elicit these experiences, listen to the patient, discuss their perspectives and build these experiences and expectations into clinical care.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN11534691.
Retrospective observational study of the association of peak blood glucose during the second 24 hours of admission with hospital-acquired complications in non-critical care admissions to a tertiary referral teaching hospital
Authors: Depczynski Barbara , Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Georgiou Andrew , Lau Sue Mei
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Stress hyperglycaemia at hospital presentation is associated with poorer outcomes. Less is known about the risk of poorer outcomes according to achieved glycaemia early in the admission.

Research design/methods

This was a retrospective observational study of patients admitted to non-critical care wards. The aim was to determine the relationship between the day 2 peak blood glucose and the occurrence of hospital-acquired complications (HACs) or in-hospital mortality. A Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for relevant covariates, was used to evaluate the impact of day 2 peak glucose on HACs and in-hospital mortality, and we identified peak glucose thresholds correlating with an increase in risk.

Results

For the whole cohort, day 2 peak glucose was associated with an increased risk of any HAC, aHR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.07; but not in-hospital mortality, aHR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.01. The risk of HAC infection increased by 4.6% for every mmol/L rise in day 2 peak glucose (aHR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08) in the diabetes cohort compared with 5.5% (aHR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.11) in the non-diabetes cohort. The risk of HAC cardiac in the diabetes cohort increased by 5.3% (aHR=1.05, CI: 1.01, 1.10) per mmol/L increase in day 2 peak glucose; no association was found in the non-diabetes cohort (aHR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.13). The risk for in-hospital mortality was associated with day 2 peak glucose, aHR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.20, in patients without diabetes, but not in patients with diabetes, aHR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.06. There was an increase in the risk of HAC once day 2 peak blood glucose exceeded 19.0 mmol/L (whole cohort), with thresholds of 13.6 mmol/L in the non-diabetes group and 19.5 mmol/L in the diabetes group.

Conclusion

The peak glucose on day 2 was a predictor of HAC in the entire cohort and in-hospital mortality in patients without diabetes.
Effect of oxytocin nasal spray pretreatment on postoperative acute stress disorder in patients with accidental traumatic fracture: a single-centre prospective randomised controlled clinical trial study protocol
Authors: Huang Qingqing , Zhang Hengdi , Ren Ling , Zeng Jingzheng , Wen Yi , Shu Haifeng , Gong Gu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Patients undergoing surgical procedures are often prone to developing acute stress disorder (ASD) postoperatively. Presently, oxytocin nasal spray has shown significant potential in the treatment of stress-related neuropsychiatric diseases. However, there are few reports on the use of oxytocin nasal spray in postoperative ASD, a condition that can potentially develop into a high-risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder. This study aims to investigate the effect of pretreatment with oxytocin nasal spray on postoperative ASD in patients with accidental trauma and fracture to provide new clinical insights for the prevention of postoperative ASD.

Methods and analysis

This study is a single-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial. The trial aims to recruit 328 patients with accidental traumatic fractures who underwent surgical treatment. Participants will be randomly categorised into two groups: a control group (0.9% normal saline nasal spray, 1 mL) and an oxytocin group (oxytocin nasal spray, 1 mL/40 IU) at a ratio of 1:1 using the random number table method. The primary outcome is the incidence of ASD on postoperative days 1–3. Secondary outcomes include patient resilience, anxiety, depression and pain scores on postoperative days 1–3. The exploratory results include the concentrations of stress response indicators such as malondialdehyde, cortisol and superoxide dismutase in the saliva before the first intervention and on days 1–3 after surgery.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial was approved by the clinical research ethics committee of the General Hospital of the Western Theater Command (identifier: 2024EC3-ky014). The findings of this trial will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and in national or international paediatric research to guide future practice.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2400082612.
Risk, incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolism among patients attending the emergency department of tertiary care hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia: a multicentre prospective study
Authors: Degefa Worku , Woldu Minyahil Alebachew , Mekonnen Desalew , Berha Alemseged Beyene
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to assess the risk, incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients admitted to the emergency department of tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia.

Design

A multicentre hospital-based prospective follow-up study was conducted.

Setting

The study was conducted in three tertiary care hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia: Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Burn Emergency and Trauma Hospital and St. Paulos Hospital Millennium Medical College.

Participants

A total of 422 patients admitted to the adult emergency wards of the selected hospitals during the study period were included.

Main outcome measures

The study assessed the level of VTE risk, incidence and independent risk factors for VTE.

Results

Nearly half (51.7%) of the study participants were male, with a mean age of 49.36 (±17.12) years. Around one-third of patients (130, 30.8%) were unable to perform physical activity, and about two-thirds had comorbid illnesses. The most common admission diagnosis was trauma (23.7%), followed by infectious disease (19.2%). More than two-thirds (70.64%) of patients were at high risk of developing VTE according to the Padua Risk Prediction Score. Eighteen patients (4.3%) were diagnosed with VTE during their emergency stay. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patients who were physically active prior to admission (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=0.67, 95% CI 0.082 to 1.579, p=0.014) and those receiving pharmacological prophylaxis (AHR=0.167, 95% CI 0.037 to 0.768, p=0.021) were found to have a protective effect against the risk of developing VTE. Conversely, patients with acute infection (AHR=8.169, 95% CI 1.045 to 63.854, p=0.045) and active cancer (AHR=5.133, 95% CI 1.241 to 21.093, p=0.023) had a higher risk of VTE incidence.

Conclusion

The study found that the risk and incidence of VTE were high among patients in the emergency department. Absence of pharmacological prophylaxis, physical inactivity prior to admission, active cancer and acute infection were identified as independent predictors of VTE incidence during emergency ward stays.
Burden of cancer attributable to sedentary behaviour in Germany: an epidemiological analysis of survey data
Authors: Schaber Katharina , Leitzmann Michael , Pukrop Tobias , Quentin Wilm , Stein Michael J , Jochem Carmen
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Sedentary behaviour (SB) is associated with increased risks of breast, colorectal, endometrial, ovarian and rectal cancers. However, the number of cancer cases attributable to SB in Germany and the associated costs are unknown.

Setting

Numbers and proportions (population-attributable fractions, PAF) of new cancer cases attributable to SB with published risk estimates for Germany for the years 2024, 2030 and 2040.

Participants

Sex-specific and age-specific population projections, national cancer incidence and exposure data. Primary and secondary outcome measures: new cancer cases attributable to SB and healthcare costs associated with cancer cases attributable to SB in Germany for the year 2024.

Results

Estimated numbers of cancers attributable to SB are projected to be up to 7612 cases (6% of total cancer cases) in 2024, up to 7899 cases (6%) in 2030 and up to 8245 cases (6%) in 2040. The PAF attributable to SB in women is 3% for breast cancer, 8% for colon cancer, 9% for both endometrial and ovarian cancers and 2% for rectal cancer. In men, the PAF is 9% for colon cancer and 3% for rectal cancer. In 2024, the estimated costs of SB-attributable cancers are €270 million for colon cancer, €51 million for rectal cancer, €234 million for breast cancer and €242 million for female genital cancers.

Conclusions

A considerable number of cancer cases can be attributed to SB, which also imposes a large health economic burden. Implementing effective prevention measures, such as workplace, school or commuting interventions, is needed to reduce the incidence of cancer attributable to this modifiable risk factor.
Palliative care training in Spanish medical schools: student assessment
Authors: Gijón Mediavilla Manuel , López Fernández Eduardo , Suero del Moral Aroa , Navarro Barreira Eva , Rojo Conejo Pablo , Belda Hofheinz Sylvia
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study investigates the status of end-of-life (EOL) care and palliative care (PC) training in Spanish medical schools and assesses students’ perspectives.

Methods

The research employs a quantitative cross-sectional survey and a systematic review of curricula including schools to which the respondent students belonged to.

Results

A systematic review reveals that only 12 out of 39 universities offer mandatory PC or EOL care subjects, often integrated with other areas. Optional courses exist in nine universities but with minimal emphasis. Survey responses from 368 senior medical students indicate limited exposure to EOL or PC training, with significant deficits reported in communicative attitudes, ethics, administrative procedures and self-care. Most students lack confidence in EOL care and PC skills, often relying on imitation or personal experience for learning. Nearly half have sought training outside their regular curriculum, and the majority express a desire for additional education in these areas.

Conclusions

The study underscores the urgent need to enhance PC and EOL care teaching in Spanish medical schools, addressing gaps in physiological understanding, communication, ethics, administrative processes and self-care for healthcare professionals dealing with EOL situations.
American beech mortality in stands recently infected by beech bark disease: implications for partial cutting
Authors: Dumont Sébastien , Bédard Steve , Moreau Guillaume
Published: January 2025

Beech bark disease is a major concern for northern hardwood forest management that affects most of the American beech range in North America. In infected stands, mitigating effects of the disease and promoting more resistant beech populations for natural regeneration relies heavily on our ability to identify high-risk trees and adapt tree marking for partial harvesting. We monitored several individual characteristics, including external signs of disease, on 871 beech trees in recently infected northern hardwood stands at the northern range limit of American beech in Canada, to assess their ability to predict mortality over an eight-year period. At the stand level, the mortality rate over the study period was 29.3%, while the uninfected rate was 16.6%. At the tree level, the diameter, the levels of Neonectria perithecia coverage on the stem, crown dieback, and the level of canker coverage on the bark had the greatest capacity to predict individual short-term mortality. Therefore, tree markers should first select trees with a diameter > 20 cm that are affected by any sign or symptom of the disease, followed by smaller trees with > 10% coverage of Neonectria perithecia or crown dieback > 25%, and lastly, trees with > 50% coverage of canker.
Intermodal quantum key distribution field trial with active switching between fiber and free-space channels
Authors: Picciariello Francesco , Karakosta-Amarantidou Ilektra , Rossi Edoardo , Avesani Marco , Foletto Giulio , Calderaro Luca , Vallone Giuseppe , Villoresi Paolo , Vedovato Francesco
Published: January 2025

Background

Intermodal quantum key distribution enables the full interoperability of fiber networks and free-space channels, which are both necessary elements for the development of a global quantum network. We present a field trial of an intermodal quantum key distribution system in a simple 3-node heterogeneous quantum network — comprised of two polarization-based transmitters and a single receiver — in which the active channel is alternately switched between a free-space link of 620 m and a 17 km-long deployed fiber in the metropolitan area of Padova.

Findings

The performance of the free-space channel is evaluated against the atmospheric turbulence strength of the link. The field trial lasted for several hours in daylight conditions, attesting the interoperability between fiber and free-space channels, with a secret key rate of the order of kbps for both the channels.

Conclusions

The quantum key distribution hardware and software require no different strategies to work over the two channels, even if the intrinsic characteristics of the links are clearly different.
LAMGCN:Traditional Chinese Medicine Herb Recommendation via LSTMs with Attention Mechanisms and Graph Convolutional Networks
Authors: Wenbo Zhang , Hongbo Dang , Zhenshan Bao , Bingyan Song
Published: January 2025

Herb recommendation plays a crucial role in the therapeutic process of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which aims to recommend a set of herbs to treat patients with different symptoms. Previous works used many methods to discover regularities in prescriptions but rarely considered the actual therapeutic process in TCM and the information of herbs was ignored. In this work, we propose LAMGCN(Herb Recommendation via LSTMs with Attention Mechanisms and Graph Convolutional Networks), which takes the syndrome induction process and the herb descriptions into account. We utilize attention mechanisms and graph neural networks to capture the correlation between symptoms and herbs. Extensive experiments have been done and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
On the Practicability of Deep Learning based Anomaly Detection for Modern Online Software Systems: A Pre-Train-and-Align Framework
Authors: He Zilong , Chen Pengfei , Zheng Zibin
Published: January 2025

Operation and maintenance are critical activities in the whole life cycle of modern online software systems, and anomaly detection is a crucial step of these activities. Recent studies mainly develop deep learning techniques to complete this task. Notably, though these techniques have achieved promising results in experimental evaluations, there are still several practicality gaps for them to be successfully applied in a real-world online system, including the scalability gap, availability gap and alignment gap. To bridge these gaps, we propose an anomaly detection framework, namely
ShareAD
, based on a pre-train-and-align paradigm. Specifically, we argue that pre-training a shared model for anomaly detection is an effective way to bridge the scalability gap and the availability gap. To support this argument, we systematically study the necessity and feasibility of model sharing for online system maintenance. We further propose a novel model based upon Transformer encoder layers and Base layers, which works well for anomaly detection pre-training. Then, to bridge the alignment gap, we propose
ShareAD
alignment to align the pre-trained model with operator preference by jointly considering the local observation context and sensitivity of each monitor entity. Extensive experiments on two real-world large-scale datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of
ShareAD
.
Impression-Aware Recommender Systems
Authors: PEREZ MAURERA FERNANDO BENJAMIN , Ferrari Dacrema Maurizio , Castells Pablo , Cremonesi Paolo
Published: January 2025

Novel data sources bring new opportunities to improve the quality of recommender systems and serve as a catalyst for the creation of new paradigms on personalized recommendations. Impressions are a novel data source containing the items shown to users on their screens. Past research focused on providing personalized recommendations using interactions, and occasionally using impressions when such a data source was available. Interest in impressions has increased due to their potential to provide more accurate recommendations. Despite this increased interest, research in recommender systems using impressions is still dispersed. Many works have distinct interpretations of impressions and use impressions in recommender systems in numerous different manners. To unify those interpretations into a single framework, we present a systematic literature review on recommender systems using impressions, focusing on three fundamental perspectives:
recommendation models
,
datasets
, and
evaluation methodologies
. We define a theoretical framework to delimit recommender systems using impressions and a novel paradigm for personalized recommendations, called impression-aware recommender systems. We propose a classification system for recommenders in this paradigm, which we use to categorize the recommendation models, datasets, and evaluation methodologies used in past research. Lastly, we identify open questions and future directions, highlighting missing aspects in the reviewed literature.
Systems Biology of Streptophyte Cell Evolution
Authors: Goldbecker Elisa S. , de Vries Jan
Published: January 2025

More than 500 million years ago, a streptophyte algal population established a foothold on land and started terraforming Earth through an unprecedented radiation. This event is called plant terrestrialization and yielded the Embryophyta. Recent advancements in the field of plant evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) have propelled our knowledge of the closest algal relatives of land plants, the zygnematophytes, highlighting that several aspects of plant cell biology are shared between embryophytes and their sister lineage. High-throughput exploration determined that routes of signaling cascades, biosynthetic pathways, and molecular physiology predate plant terrestrialization. But how do they assemble into biological programs, and what do these programs tell us about the principal functions of the streptophyte cell? Here, we make the case that streptophyte algae are unique organisms for understanding the systems biology of the streptophyte cell, informing on not only the origin of embryophytes but also their fundamental biology.
Using the Key Characteristics Framework to Unlock the Mysteries of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor–Mediated Effects on the Immune System
Authors: Sulentic Courtney E.W. , Kaplan Barbara L.F. , Lawrence B. Paige
Published: January 2025

Initially discovered for its role mediating the deleterious effects of environmental contaminants, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is now known to be a crucial regulator of the immune system. The expanding list of AHR ligands includes synthetic and naturally derived molecules spanning pollutants, phytochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and substances derived from amino acids and microorganisms. The consequences of engaging AHR vary, depending on factors such as the AHR ligand, cell type, immune challenge, developmental state, dose, and timing of exposure relative to the immune stimulus. This review frames this complexity using the recently identified key characteristics of agents that affect immune system function (altered cell signaling, proliferation, differentiation, effector function, communication, trafficking, death, antigen presentation and processing, and tolerance). The use of these key characteristics provides a scaffold for continued discovery of how AHR and its myriad ligands influence the immune system, which will help harness the power of this enigmatic receptor to prevent or treat disease.
A Serial MRI–based Deep Learning Model to Predict Survival in Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Kou Jia , Peng Jun-Yi , Lv Wen-Bing , Wu Chen-Fei , Chen Zi-Hang , Zhou Guan-Qun , Wang Ya-Qin , Lin Li , Lu Li-Jun , Sun Ying
Published: January 2025

A prognostic model incorporating pre- and posttreatment serial MRI acquisitions and clinical factors using deep learning methods showed good performance in survival prediction and risk stratification of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Evaluating the Impact of Changes in Artificial Intelligence–derived Case Scores over Time on Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Outcomes
Authors: Zuckerman Samantha P. , Periaswamy Senthil , Shisler Julie L. , Elahi Ameena , Edmonds Christine E. , Hoffmeister Jeffrey , Conant Emily F.
Published: January 2025

In a large digital breast tomosynthesis screening cohort with artificial intelligence–derived case-level scores, there were larger increases in mean case score change over sequential screenings for true-positive examinations compared with true-negative and false-positive examinations.
Accuracy of Fully Automated and Human-assisted AI-based CT Quantification of Pleural Effusion Changes after Thoracentesis
Authors: Hwang Eui Jin , Hong Hyunsook , Ko Seungyeon , Yoo Seung-Jin , Kim Hyungjin , Kim Dahee , Yoon Soon Ho
Published: January 2025

“Just Accepted” papers have undergone full peer review and have been accepted for publication in Radiology: Artificial Intelligence. This article will undergo copyediting, layout, and proof review before it is published in its final version. Please note that during production of the final copyedited article, errors may be discovered which could affect the content. Quantifying pleural effusion change on chest CT is important for evaluating disease severity and treatment response. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based volume quantification of pleural effusion change on CT images, using the volume of drained fluid as the reference standard. Seventy-nine participants (mean age, 65 ± [SD] 13 years; 47 male) undergoing thoracentesis were prospectively enrolled from October 2021 to September 2023. Chest CTs were obtained just before and after thoracentesis. The volume of pleural fluid on each CT scan, with the difference representing the drained fluid volume, was measured by automated segmentation (fully-automated measurement). An expert thoracic radiologist then manually corrected these automated volume measurements (human-assisted measurement). Both fully-automated (median percentage error, 13.1%; maximum estimated 95% error range, 708 mL) and human-assisted measurements (median percentage error, 10.9%; maximum estimated 95% error range, 312 mL) systematically underestimated the volume of drained fluid, beyond the equivalence margin. The magnitude of underestimation increased proportionally to the drainage volume. Agreement between fully-automated and human-assisted measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.99), and the test-retest reliability of fully-automated (ICC, 0.995) and human-assisted (ICC, 0.997) measurements were excellent. These results highlight a potential systematic discrepancy between AI segmentation- based CT quantification of pleural effusion volume change and actual volume change. ©RSNA, 2025
Highly Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensor to Detect an Important Neurotransmitter Using Cobalt-Based Metal-Organic Framework/Graphene Oxide Composite
Authors: Houshmand Shiva , Mazloum-Ardakani Mohammad , Mohammadian-Sarcheshmeh Hamideh , Mohseni-Sardari Fereshteh
Published: January 2025

Glutamate (Glu) is a principal neurotransmitter owing to its significant function in physiological and pathological processes. Deviations in Glu levels have been associated with the onset of various neurological disorders, implicating it as a potential biomarker for conditions like epilepsy, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Accurate detection of Glu is essential for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of such diseases. Herein, a highly sensitive non-enzymatic sensor is introduced to detect Glu. The electrochemical performance of Glu was studied by modifying the glassy carbon electrode using a cobalt-based metal-organic framework/graphene oxide composite (CoMG/GCE). Differential pulse voltammetry exhibited a linear response from 20.0 to 1.00 × 103 μM at an alkali solution with a detection limit of 3.10 μM. DPV was utilized to determine Glu in human blood serum samples using the standard addition method. This sensor showed the lowest interference with popular interference species, indicating its ability for healthcare applications.
Educational strategies for teaching metabolic profiles across three endurance training zones
Authors: Macedo Denise V. , Ide Bernardo N.
Published: January 2025

Our pedagogical tool offers a unique and enriching learning experience. By active construction of a metabolic board using real data, focused on a predominance of a specific muscle fiber type and its metabolic characteristics across three ranges of exercise intensity domains, the tool promotes deep learning for sports science professionals.
Multiple Anthropogenic and Climatic Factors Drive Tree Species Attributes in Ecologically Distinct Sacred Groves in Ghana
Authors: Gyedu Augustine Kofi , Damptey Frederick Gyasi , Barnes Victor Rex , Bentsi-Enchill Felicity , Sarfo Daniel Akoto , Mohammed Issah , Opuni-Frimpong Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

Sacred groves are rich biodiversity hotspots serving as an important habitat for conserving species and providing ecosystem goods and services to meet societal needs. Despite the benefits these sacred groves offer, they are threatened by anthropogenic stressors coupled with climate change impacts, thereby limiting their maximum ability to offer essential ecological and cultural services. On a climatic gradient, we have explored differences in tree attributes (diversity and composition) and how they are shaped by multiple drivers of land‐use change and climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) which drive underlying soil conditions in different sacred groves. These sacred grooves studied are the Mintimrim Kwaye, Antobia, Boako, Nsoatre Botene and Pimpimgyae sacred groves. Tree species diversity and composition differed between the sacred groves with those located in the forest zones more diverse than those located in the dry semideciduous or the savannah zones. These differences in tree attributes were mainly driven by the various degrees of anthropogenic stressors (mining, agricultural activities, logging and wildfire) coupled with variations in climatic factors driving underlying soil conditions. It is quite evident the role climate plays which highlights how tree species react in terms of distribution and composition in this era of climate uncertainty. This therefore calls for the need for conservation efforts to mitigate the consequences of climate change impacts on biodiversity and human societies.
Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaubardii Ethanolic Extract Ameliorates Acetic Acid–Induced Rat Ulcerative Colitis Model by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis
Authors: Ozbeyli Dilek , Sen Ali , Yenal Naziye Ozkan , Yavuz Ayse Nur Hazar , Turet Deniz Mukaddes , Yuksel Meral , Senkardes Ismail , Aykac Asli
Published: January 2025

The search for new drugs to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) is ongoing, with the use of herbal extracts emerging as a current research focus in this field. This study primarily intended to investigate the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract of Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaubardii (TLC) in vitro. Secondly, we aimed to perform an acetic acid (AA)–induced rat UC model and assess the effects of TLC extract (200 mg/kg/orally/day, during three days) using ELISA test in terms of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐17, IL‐10, Na+/K+‐ATPase, TLR‐9, MMP‐3 level, caspase‐3 and caspase‐9, luminol, lucigenin, and SOD. In addition, we accomplished macroscopic and histological evaluations. Our phytochemical investigation revealed TLC contained secondary metabolites including total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total triterpenes in quite concentrated amounts. The extract demonstrated anti‐2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity that was 2.3 times more potent than ascorbic acid, anti‐2,2‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity that was 3.28 times less potent than Trolox, and antilipoxygenase Type V (LOX‐5) activity that was 1.31 times more potent than indomethacin in vitro. Due to colitis, increased luminol and lucigenin CL, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐17, TLR‐9, caspase‐3, caspase‐9, MMP‐3, and macroscopic and microscopic scores and decreased IL‐10, Na+/K + ‐ATPase levels in colon ameliorated with TLC and sulfasalazine (as reference drug) treatments. As a result, it can be said that TLC improves UC in rats, mainly on account of its free radical scavenging activity, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
Complete Revascularization Techniques for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Comparing Angiography‐ and Coronary Physiology‐Guided PCI
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Zhou Zuoyi , Zheng Bo , Gong Yanjun
Published: January 2025

Background: It is generally accepted that for patients with multivessel disease and myocardial infarction, complete revascularization is preferable than culprit‐only revascularization. However, existing studies comparing coronary physiology‐guided versus angiography‐guided complete revascularization percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) present conflicting conclusions.

Methods: The investigation involved a comprehensive search of PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library for studies comparing coronary physiology‐guided with angiography‐guided PCI in patients with MI‐MVD. Clinical endpoints, including major adverse cardiovascular events, all‐cause mortality, recurrent MI, major adverse cardiac and cerebral event, planned revascularization, repeated revascularization, average stent number per patient, heart failure, and contrast nephropathy during any follow‐up period post PCI, were considered for analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for binary and continuous variables, respectively. The analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.1.

Results: Our analysis included a total of 2493 patients from 5 studies. The physiology‐guided PCI group exhibited a lower rate of planned revascularization (OR: 0.10, 95% CIs: 0.07–0.14, p ≤ 0.001, and I2 = 96.6%) and average stent number per patient (mean difference: −0.47, 95% CIs: −0.56–−0.38, p ≤ 0.001, and I2 = 58.6%). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding major adverse cardiac event (MACE) (OR: 0.89, 95% CIs: 0.63–1.26, p = 0.520, and I2 = 67.8%), all‐cause mortality (OR: 0.65, 95% CIs: 0.38–1.12, p = 0.120, and I2 = 50.5%), recurrent MI (OR: 0.74, 95% CIs: 0.28–2.00, p = 0.558, and I2 = 77.2%), major adverse cardiac and cerebral event (MACCE) (OR = 0.77, 95% CIs: 0.43–1.37, p = 0.378, and I2 = 0%), repeated revascularization (OR = 1.47, 95% CIs: 0.54–3.99, p = 0.452, and I2 = 76.5%), heart failure (OR: 1.04, 95% CIs: 0.43–2.56, p = 0.924, and I2 = 0%), and contrast nephropathy (OR: 1.26, 95% CIs: 0.27–5.81, p = 0.766, and I2 = 0%).

Conclusions: Among patients with MI‐MVD, physiology‐guided PCI appeared to reduce the need for planned revascularization without triggering repeated revascularization, leading to fewer stents compared with angiography‐guided PCI. Other prespecified clinical outcomes including MACE, all‐cause mortality, recurrent MI, MACCE, heart failure, and contrast nephropathy were not significantly different between these two approaches.
Gene Expression Signatures of Smoking and Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Blood Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Liu Fang-Fang , Yan Yi-Xuan , Zhang Hong-Feng , Li Ke
Published: January 2025

Background: Tobacco smoke is known to contain numerous harmful chemicals, and epidemiological evidence has firmly established smoking as a potent risk factor for hypertension and myocardial infarction (MI). However, the precise mechanisms by which smoking contributes to cardiovascular disease are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to identify common molecular signatures in blood that link smoking to acute MI (AMI).

Methods: We extracted transcriptome data from seven blood microarray datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, encompassing a total of 403 patients. Employing both individual dataset analysis and a combined meta‐analysis approach, we conducted a thorough examination of blood transcriptome profiles associated with AMI and smoking, uncovering numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Results: Functional enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs associated with AMI and smoking were significantly enriched in overlapping biological processes, such as immune response and inflammation. Moreover, three genes—PTGDR, PYHIN1, and PRSS23—were consistently altered in both conditions and were validated as dysregulated in AMI using an independent GEO dataset. Furthermore, quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) validation further confirmed the differential expression of PYHIN1 and PRSS23 in AMI patients.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that gene expression changes induced by smoking in blood may contribute to the heightened risk of AMI. These identified genes are likely to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AMI. Given the accessibility of peripheral blood samples, the expression levels of these genes could potentially serve as biomarkers for assessing cardiovascular health, particularly in individuals with a history of long‐term exposure to cigarette smoke.
Predicting the Effect of Temperature Changes on Phlebotomus papatasi Activity, as the Main Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran
Authors: Bozorg-Omid Faramarz , Youssefi Fahimeh , Hassanpour Gholamreza , Rahimi Foroushani Abbas , Rahimi Mohammad , Shirzadi Mohammad Reza , Jafari Reza , Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali
Published: January 2025

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) represents a significant vector‐borne disease in Iran. Our study examined the status of zoonotic CL (ZCL) in the country and forecasted the influence of global climate change on the monthly activity of Phlebotomus papatasi, the main vector of ZCL in the country. To predict the impact of climate change on the monthly activity of Ph. papatasi, we obtained the monthly average minimum and maximum temperatures for both the reference and future periods, using the MIROC6 model and two different shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios. Based on our analysis, we found that Ph. papatasi can be active in Iran from March to November, although this may vary depending on the region. Our predictions suggest that the duration of Ph. papatasi’s activity may change following future changes in weather patterns. In different scenarios, the duration of the active season in various regions of the country extends by at least 1–2 months. This extension is likely more pronounced in the southern provinces. Additionally, our findings indicate a notable correlation between ZCL incidence, the presence of Ph. papatasi, and environmental factors in Ardestan, Esfahan Province. This study focuses on the impact of temperature on the activity and distribution of Ph. papatasi in Iran, which is a significant vector for transmitting ZCL. The study predicts that with future climate scenarios, especially SSP5‐8.5, the activity of this vector will start earlier, last longer, and might even occur throughout the year by the 2050s, thereby increasing the risk of ZCL transmission. Although temperature plays a dominant role in shaping the activity of Ph. papatasi, its influence is not consistent across Iran. The variation in different regions emphasizes the importance of implementing targeted public health approaches to address the changing risks of ZCL transmission due to evolving climate conditions. However, it acknowledges that certain factors such as land use and humidity have not been taken into account and requests additional research in these areas. It also calls for enhanced environmental monitoring and public health interventions.