bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive endoscopic clip marking enhances non‐operative management of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Hui Jessica Wong Qing , En Joy Wong Qing , Lau Joel , Te Neng Lau , Wong Soong Kuan
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds

Massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGB) is common especially in elderly patients. Controversy in the approach to management stems from location of bleeding and morbidity of surgery. Colonic diverticula disease (CD) is the leading cause of painless haematochezia and haemodynamic instability.

Methods

The use of a novel technique of endoscopic pre‐marking (EPM) with radiopaque metal clips to localize is described. EPM guided superselective active transarterial embolization (A‐TAE) when active vascular blush was seen. When no active contrast extravasation was seen, EPM also guided prophylactic superselective transarterial embolization (P‐TAE).

Results

From May 2004 to December 2021, there were 36 patients with massive LGB from diverticular disease encompassing 44 separate bleeding episodes. Spontaneous haemostasis was observed in 18.2% (8/44). The overall success rate in non‐operative management was 83.3% (30/36) patients. Three patients proceeded for emergency surgery.

Of the 36 patients, six patients had documented EPM followed by TAE due to recurrent bleed in the same episode. A‐TAE was performed in two patients. P‐TAE was performed in the four patients without active contrast extravasation. Initial haemostasis was successful in five out of six patients. One patient failed embolization and proceeded to emergency surgery. Three months later, one patient encountered late rebleeding and was scheduled for elective colectomy. None of the six developed intestinal infarction from embolization. The 30‐day mortality was 0%.

Conclusion

A consistent approach to LGB and defined protocol of endoscopic haemostasis, with routine EPM and embolization, has the potential to mitigate the morbidity and mortality in this group of vulnerable patients.
Incidence of self‐reported pelvic pain and risk factors for pain 1 year after benign hysterectomy: A register study from the Swedish National Quality Registry for Gynecological Surgery
Authors: Grundström Hanna , Fredrikson Mats , Alehagen Siw , Berterö Carina , Kjølhede Preben
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence of patient‐reported pain 1 year after hysterectomy for benign gynecological conditions in relation to occurrence of preoperative pain. The secondary aim was to analyze clinical risk factors for pain 1 year after the hysterectomy in women with and without preoperatively reported pelvic/lower abdominal pain.

Material and methods

This was a historical cohort study using data from the Swedish National Quality Registry for Gynecological Surgery on 16 694 benign hysterectomies. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

One year after surgery, 22.4% of women with preoperative pain reported pelvic pain and 7.8% reported de novo pelvic pain. For those with preoperative pain younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–2.23 and aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10–1.34 for women aged <35 and 35–44 years, respectively), not being gainfully employed (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.26–1.63), pelvic pain as the main symptom leading to hysterectomy (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.19–1.90), endometriosis (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.31), and laparoscopic hysterectomy (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07–1.58), were clinically relevant independent risk factors for pelvic/lower abdominal pain 1 year after surgery, as were postoperative complications within 8 weeks after discharge. Meanwhile, clinically relevant independent risk factors for reporting de novo pain 1 year after surgery were younger age (aOR 2.05, 95% CI 1.08–3.86 and aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.60 for women aged <35 and 35–44 years, respectively), and postoperative complications within 8 weeks after discharge.

Conclusions

The incidence of pelvic pain and de novo pain 1 year after hysterectomy was relatively high. Women with and without reported preoperative pelvic/lower abdominal pain represented clinically different populations. The risk factors for pelvic pain seemed to differ in these two populations. The differences in risk factors could be taken into consideration in the preoperative counseling and in the decision‐making concerning method of hysterectomy, provided that large well‐designed studies confirm these risk factors.
Editorial: cooking up something new for diet therapy of eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Almassalha Luay M. , Hirano Ikuo
Published: September 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to González‐Cervera et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17171
The Impact of Institutional Cross‐ownership on Corporate Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms
Authors: Xiao He , Xi Jianqun
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the relationship between institutional cross‐ownership and corporate tax avoidance in Chinese listed firms. Our findings indicate that the tax avoidance aggressiveness of Chinese listed firms could be significantly motivated by institutional cross‐ownership. This finding is robust to endogeneity tests, namely, propensity score matching estimation, two‐stage least squares regression, generalised method of moments test, and a falsification concern. Further, this positive relationship between institutional cross‐ownership and tax avoidance is more pronounced for listed firms with greater managerial ability and those with higher auditor industry expertise. Finally, such a relationship is more obvious for cross‐owners within the same industry, but only significant for independent cross‐owners, non‐state‐owned enterprises and firms within a less competitive industry. All main findings are robust to various robustness tests.
Wound healing complications following folded flap palatoplasty in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Khoo T‐X , Yates G , Chambers B , Ng J
Published: September 2022

Objective

To determine the incidence and characteristics of wound healing complications after folded flap palatoplasty (FFP).

Methods

Prospective study of 25 dogs that underwent FFP as a component of corrective multilevel surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Oropharyngeal re‐examination was conducted after a minimum of 28 days post‐operatively, unless indicated earlier by the onset of clinical signs.

Results

Wound healing complications occurred in nine dogs (36%). Minor and major wound complications were diagnosed at a median of 36 days (1.5–51 days) post‐operatively. Eight dogs had major wound complications, four of which showed no associated clinical signs. Two patterns of major wound complications were observed: incisional dehiscence (ID) with caudal retraction of the soft palate mucosa and development of a full‐thickness defect (FTD) in the centre of the soft palate. Revision of the soft palate surgery was performed in five dogs, failing again in one dog with ID. Clinical signs resolved in symptomatic dogs after revision surgery to close FTD.

Conclusion

In this study, wound healing complications were common after FFP and were not associated with significant clinical deterioration. Further research is necessary to determine the value and timing of routine post‐operative oropharyngeal examination for assessment of soft palate healing after FFP as well as the indication for and success of approaches to the management of wound healing complications. The two distinct patterns of FFP failure recognised may provide insight into the underlying causes and lead to refinements in folded flap palatoplasty technique.
Pando's pulse: Vital signs signal need for course correction at world‐renowned aspen forest
Authors: Rogers Paul C.
Published: September 2022

Upland aspen (Populus spp.) forests contribute significantly to biodiversity in their circumboreal role as keystone species. As aspen ecosystems flourish or diminish, myriad dependent species follow suit. The 43‐hectare Pando aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clone in Utah, USA, is thought to be the largest living organism on earth, but is faltering due to chronic herbivory. Long‐term resilience in aspen communities, including Pando, rests on successful recruitment of vegetative suckers that are nutritiously desirable to browsing ungulates. Here, I evaluate aspen reproduction alongside numerous vital indicators of Pando's status in the first trend assessment of this embattled iconic forest. I remeasured 64 plots from 2017 using 19 indicators to determine current conditions. Findings show that the genetically uniform Pando is “breaking up” because of herbivory and fencing. Initial successes within fenced zones are tempered by nearly half of Pando that remains unprotected from chronic wild and domestic herbivory. I propose a strategy of process‐based stewardship informed by adaptive monitoring to restore this famed “one‐tree forest.” Lessons from Pando may be applied to struggling, often species rich, aspen systems facing similar challenges globally.
Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia with a pathogenic variant p.Asp40Gly in the ANXA11 gene
Authors: Kim Eun‐Joo , Moon So Young , Kim Hee‐Jin , Jung Na‐Yeon , Lee Sun Min , Kim Young Eun
Published: September 2022

We report a patient with right‐predominant semantic variant primary progressive aphsia linked with p.Asp40Gly variant of ANXA11, which is the first description of frontotemporal dementia without clinical and electrophysiological evidences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with a known pathogenic variant of ANXA11.
Urinary tract infections in hemodialysis patients—The controversy of antimicrobial drug urine concentrations
Authors: El Nekidy Wasim S. , Mallat Jihad , Nusair Ahmad R. , Eshbair Ayah H. , Attallah Nizar , Mooty Mohamad , Ghosn Muriel , Ghazi Islam M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Major infectious diseases societies recommend the use of antimicrobials that achieve high‐urinary concentrations to treat urinary tract infection (UTI), which is a concept of little relevance to the oliguric and anuric hemodialysis (HD) dependent population. Outcome studies in this population are more relevant, but unfortunately scarce. We sought to investigate the impact of different antimicrobials on clinical and microbiologic outcomes in HD dependent population.

Methods

A retrospective observational study conducted at our quaternary care hospital between May 2015 and December 2019. We included all HD dependent adults diagnosed with UTIs. Our primary end points were clinical and microbiologic cure. Our secondary end points were 90‐day recurrence and mortality.

Results

Fifty‐six patients were included in the study with 33 (58.9%) females, mean age of 69.9 ± 11.6 years, and mean body mass index of 27.7 ± 7.8 kg/m2. Thirty‐six subjects of the sample (64.3%) were anuric. Ninety‐one percent of the patients achieved clinical cure. Out of those who had repeat cultures, 90.7% achieved microbiologic cure. Clinical and microbiologic cure rates were not significantly different between the oliguric and anuric groups. The 90‐day recurrence rate was 11.1% and mortality was 19%, none of them was related to UTI.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate high rate of clinical and microbiologic cure in the treatment of oliguric and anuric HD dependent patients. We suggest that drug development and treatment societies to consider clinical and microbiologic outcomes in conjunction with achievable urinary concentration when making recommendations for the treatment of UTI.
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Patient Health Engagement Scale
Authors: Ateş Esin , Temel Ayla Bayık
Published: September 2022

Background

The Patient Health Engagement Scale was designed to assess the emotional and psychological attitudes of patients' engagement along their healthcare management journey.

Aim

This study aimed to conduct psychometric testing of the Turkish version of the Patient Health Engagement Scale among patients with chronic diseases.

Design

A cross‐sectional validation study was conducted and reported according to the STROBE checklist.

Methods

There were 520 patients who completed the scale between March 2017 and February 2018. The content, construct and concurrent validity were evaluated. The reliability of the scale was measured using internal consistency and construct reliability. Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results

The scale's validity was enabled by the translation and back translation method. The content validity index of the scale was 0.88. Construct validity determined one factor. The total variance was calculated at 85.29%. The factor loads ranged between 0.86 and 0.95. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed goodness‐of‐fit indices in the excellent range according to the literature. The reliability of the scale was calculated at 0.95.

Conclusion

The scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool to be used in identifying the engagement with health levels of patients with chronic diseases.
The real‐time effects of parent speech on infants' multimodal attention and dyadic coordination
Authors: Schroer Sara E. , Yu Chen
Published: September 2022

Parental responsiveness to infant behaviors is a strong predictor of infants' language and cognitive outcomes. The mechanisms underlying this effect, however, are relatively unknown. We examined the effects of parent speech on infants' visual attention, manual actions, hand‐eye coordination, and dyadic joint attention during parent‐infant free play. We report on two studies that used head‐mounted eye trackers in increasingly naturalistic laboratory environments. In Study 1, 12‐to‐24‐month‐old infants and their parents played on the floor of a seminaturalistic environment with 24 toys. In Study 2, a different sample of dyads played in a home‐like laboratory with 10 toys and no restrictions on their movement. In both studies, we present evidence that responsive parent speech extends the duration of infants' multimodal attention. This social “boost” of parent speech impacts multiple behaviors that have been linked to later outcomes—visual attention, manual actions, hand‐eye coordination, and joint attention. Further, the amount that parents talked during the interaction was negatively related to the effects of parent speech on infant attention. Together, these results provide evidence of a trade‐off between quantity of speech and its effects, suggesting multiple pathways through which parents impact infants' multimodal attention to shape the moment‐by‐moment dynamics of an interaction.
A comprehensive decision support model for online doctors ranking with interval‐valued neutrosophic numbers
Authors: Liang Pei , Hu Junhua , Chin KwaiSang
Published: September 2022

Web‐based appointment systems are emerging in the healthcare industry with mass data, but homogenized online information and poor evaluation criteria lead to blindness in selecting doctors. To select an appropriate doctor when making appointments online, a comprehensive decision support model is proposed. First, one class of multi‐criteria is built from reviews by text mining technologies. For quantitative analysis, interval‐valued neutrosophic numbers (IVNNs) are utilized to describe reviews, and related integration operators of IVNNs are employed. Second, another class of multi‐criteria is established by the website‐given labels. A disease similarity measure‐based transformation method is proposed to redefine the doctors’ specialization, making the evaluation values more discriminable. Finally, a personalized doctor ranking result is derived by integrating the two classes of multi‐criteria values with a preference parameter. A case study of Wedoctor.com is conducted to validate the proposed model, and the comparison result indicates that the model can effectively support users’ decision‐making.
Predicting fraction and algebra achievements online: A large‐scale longitudinal study using data from an online learning environment
Authors: Spitzer Markus Wolfgang Hermann , Moeller Korbinian
Published: September 2022

Background

Mastering fractions seems among the most critical mathematical skills for students to acquire in school as fraction understanding significantly predicts later mathematic achievements, but also broader academic and vocational prospects. As such, identifying longitudinal predictors of fraction understanding (e.g., mastery of numbers and operations) is highly relevant. However, almost all existing studies identifying more basic numerical skills as predictors of fraction understanding rest on data acquired in face‐to‐face testing—mostly in classrooms.

Objectives

In this article, we evaluated whether results obtained in these previous studies generalized to data from the curriculum‐based online learning environment Bettermarks for mathematics used in schools in the Netherlands.

Methods

We considered data from more than 5000 students who solved over 1 million mathematical problem sets on basic mathematical skills, fractions, but also algebra.

Results and Conclusions

In line with previous findings, we found that fraction understanding was predicted significantly by more basic mathematical skills. Our analyses also indicated that algebra achievement was predicted significantly by fraction understanding beyond influences of more basic mathematical skills.

Implications

Together, these findings generalized previous results based on face‐to‐face testing to the context of data from online learning environments and thus, indicate that data from such large‐scale online learning environments may well qualify to provide significant insights into the hierarchical development of mathematical skills.
Expression analysis of miRNA hsa‐let7b‐5p in naso‐oropharyngeal swabs of COVID‐19 patients supports its role in regulating ACE2 and DPP4 receptors
Authors: Latini Andrea , Vancheri Chiara , Amati Francesca , Morini Elena , Grelli Sandro , Matteucci Claudia , Petrone Vita , Colona Vito Luigi , Murdocca Michela , Andreoni Massimo , Malagnino Vincenzo , Raponi Massimiliano , Cocciadiferro Dario , Novelli Antonio , Borgiani Paola , Novelli Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for worldwide coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). We previously observed that Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) are significantly overexpressed in naso‐oropharyngeal swabs (NPS) of COVID‐19 patients, suggesting their putative functional role in the disease progression. ACE2 and DPP4 overexpression in COVID‐19 patients may be associated to epigenetic mechanism, such as miRNA differential expression. We investigated if hsa‐let7b‐5p, reported to target both ACE2 and DPP4 transcripts, could be involved in the regulation of these genes. We verified that the inhibition and overexpression of hsa‐let7b‐5p matched to a modulation of both ACE2 and DPP4 levels. Then, we observed a statistically significant downregulation (FC = −1.5; p < 0.05) of hsa‐let7b‐5p in the same COVID‐19 and control samples of our previous study. This is the first study that shows hsa‐let7b‐5p low expression in naso‐oropharyngeal swabs of COVID‐19 patients and demonstrates a functional role of this miR in regulating ACE2 and DPP4 levels. These data suggest the involvement of hsa‐let7b‐5p in the regulation of genes necessary for SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and its putative role as a therapeutic target for COVID‐19.
Macrophage‐derived exosomal miR‐4532 promotes endothelial cells injury by targeting SP1 and NF‐κB P65 signalling activation
Authors: Liu Peng , Wang Shuya , Wang Guangxin , Zhao Mingming , Du Fengli , Li Kaiyuan , Wang Lei , Wu Huihui , Chen Jiamin , Yang Yang , Su Guohai
Published: September 2022

Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological process involving macrophages, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells that can lead to ischemic heart disease; however, the mechanisms underlying cell‐to‐cell communication in atherosclerosis are poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the role of exosomal miRNAs in crosstalk between macrophages and endothelial cells and explored the rarely studied molecular mechanisms involved. Our in vitro result showed that macrophage‐derived exosomal miR‐4532 significantly disrupted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) function by targeting SP1 and downstream NF‐κB P65 activation. In turn, increased endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in HUVECs increased attraction of macrophages, exacerbating foam cell formation and transfer of exosomal miR‐4532 to HUVECs. MiR‐4532 overexpression significantly promoted endothelial injury and pretreatment with an inhibitor of miR‐4532 or GW4869 (exosome inhibitor) could reverse this injury. In conclusion, our data reveal that exosomes have a critical role in crosstalk between HUVECs and macrophages. Further, exosomal miR‐4532 transferred from macrophages to HUVECs and targeting specificity protein 1 (SP1) may be a novel therapeutic target in patients with atherosclerosis.
Pharmacologic inhibition of LAT1 predominantly suppresses transport of large neutral amino acids and downregulates global translation in cancer cells
Authors: Nishikubo Kou , Ohgaki Ryuichi , Okanishi Hiroki , Okuda Suguru , Xu Minhui , Endou Hitoshi , Kanai Yoshikatsu
Published: September 2022

L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1; SLC7A5), which preferentially transports large neutral amino acids, is highly upregulated in various cancers. LAT1 supplies cancer cells with amino acids as substrates for enhanced biosynthetic and bioenergetic reactions and stimulates signalling networks involved in the regulation of survival, growth and proliferation. LAT1 inhibitors show anti‐cancer effects and a representative compound, JPH203, is under clinical evaluation. However, pharmacological impacts of LAT1 inhibition on the cellular amino acid transport and the translational activity in cancer cells that are conceptually pivotal for its anti‐proliferative effect have not been elucidated yet. Here, we demonstrated that JPH203 drastically inhibits the transport of all the large neutral amino acids in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. The inhibitory effects of JPH203 were observed even in competition with high concentrations of amino acids in a cell culture medium. The analyses of the nutrient‐sensing mTORC1 and GAAC pathways and the protein synthesis activity revealed that JPH203 downregulates the global translation. This study demonstrates a predominant contribution of LAT1 to the transport of large neutral amino acids in cancer cells and the suppression of protein synthesis by JPH203 supposed to underly its broad anti‐proliferative effects across various types of cancer cells.
Increased diagnosis of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder despite stable hyperactive/inattentive behaviours: evidence from two birth cohorts of Australian children
Authors: Kazda Luise , McGeechan Kevin , Bell Katy , Thomas Rae , Barratt Alexandra
Published: September 2022

Background

Globally, ADHD diagnoses have increased substantially and there is concern that this trend does not necessarily reflect improved detection of cases but that overdiagnosis may be occurring. We directly compared ADHD diagnoses with ADHD‐related behaviours and looked for changes across time among Australian children in a large, population‐based prospective cohort study.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, including 4,699 children born 1999/2000 (cohort 1) and 4,425 children born 2003/2004 (cohort 2), followed from 4 to 13 years of age.

We compared pre‐diagnosis parent‐reported hyperactive/inattentive behaviour scores between newly diagnosed (incident cases) and undiagnosed children and fitted Cox's proportional hazards regression models to examine the relationship between birth cohorts 1 and 2 and the risk of incident ADHD diagnosis.

Results

Cumulative incident ADHD diagnoses increased from 4.6% in cohort 1 (born in 1999/2000) to 5.6% in cohort 2 (born in 2003/2004), while hyperactive/inattentive behaviour scores remained steady. Among ADHD diagnosed children, 26.5% (88/334) recorded pre‐diagnosis behaviours in the normal range, 27.6% (n = 92) had borderline scores and 45.8% (n = 153) scored within the clinical range. Children born in 2003/2004 were more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD compared with those born in 1999/2000 (aHR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.06–1.67, p = .012), regardless of their ADHD behaviour score (p = .972).

Conclusions

Diagnostic increases were not driven by rises in hyperactive/inattentive behaviours. A quarter of all children with an ADHD diagnosis recorded pre‐diagnosis behaviours within the normal range. The increased likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD for children from the later birth cohort was observed for children across the full range of ADHD‐related behaviours.
Generalizability of randomized controlled trials in primary health care: Applying the PRECIS‐2 tool on published protocols
Authors: Papagiannopoulou Evridiki , Laiou Elpiniki , Tatsi Chrysanthi , Dimakopoulos Georgios , Ntzani Evangelia E. , Siamopoulos Konstantinos , Tatsioni Athina
Published: September 2022

Rationale

Pragmatic design may facilitate the generalizability of effectiveness of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in primary health care (PHC).

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate whether published protocols in PHC were designed pragmatically and to explore whether specific trial characteristics may be related to a pragmatic design.

Methods

Using the Pragmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary‐2 (PRECIS‐2), we assessed pragmatism for 123 published RCT protocols. For each domain, we calculated the mean score with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Interrater reliability was assessed by weighted κ‐coefficient with 95% CI. We examined potential associations of published protocol characteristics with overall pragmatism by performing univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

We observed the highest score for primary analysis (4.66, 95% CI: 4.51, 4.82). The eligibility score was intermediate (3.16, 95% CI: 3.01, 3.32). Domains with scores towards the explanatory side included organization (2.50, 95% CI: 2.36, 2.63), flexibility of delivery (2.74, 95% CI: 2.60, 2.88) and flexibility of adherence (3.00, 95% CI: 2.83, 3.17). Interrater agreement was good (κ = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.80; p < 0.001). Higher sample sizes were correlated to a pragmatic design (odds ratio: 6.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 28.75; p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Most RCT protocols were rated as intermediate in the pragmatic‐explanatory continuum. Future research may guide all stakeholders on how best to incorporate the level of pragmatism in the interpretation of the results so that the trials are more likely to be applicable in real‐world settings.
A new brain‐cutting device and ultraviolet resin‐mounted human brain slices as a teaching adjunct for neuroanatomy education
Authors: Lee Jin‐Yu , Lee Je‐Chan , Hong Sung‐Young , Kim Eu‐Gene , Lee Eun‐Jin , Woo Ran‐Sook , Baik Tai‐Kyoung , Oh Sang‐Pil , Yoo Hong‐Il , Song Dae‐Yong
Published: September 2022

Although the level of neuroscience research is rapidly developing with the introduction of new technologies, the method of neuroanatomy education remains at the traditional level and requires improvement to meet the needs of educators and trainees. We developed a new three‐dimensional (3D) printed device (human brain‐cutting mold, HBCM) for creating human brain slices; moreover, we demonstrated a simple method for creating semi‐permanent ultraviolet (UV) resin‐mounted brain slice specimens for neuroanatomy education. We obtained brain slices of uniform thickness (3 mm) through the HBCM; the resultant brain slices were optimal for assessing morphological details of the human brain. Furthermore, we used an agar‐embedding method for brain‐slicing with the HBCM, which minimized geometrical distortions of the brain slices. Also, we prepared semi‐permanent brain serial specimens using an acrylic brain slice frame and UV‐curable resin, which was highly compatible with moist bio‐specimens. During UV resin curing, neither air bubble formation nor color change occurred. The resultant UV resin‐mounted brain slices produced definite coronal sections with high transparency and morphological accuracy. We also performed 3D modeling by stacking brain slice images that differentiated the cortical area and nine subcortical regions via manual segmentation. This method could be a reliable alternative for displaying high‐quality human brain slices and would be helpful for students and trainee to understand anatomical orientation from 2D images to 3D structures. Also, this may present an innovative approach for preparing and preserving coronal sections of the normal or pathological human brain.
Catholic Civics Education in the Early Cold War: Zeal for Democracy, Zeal for Christ
Authors: McCamant Jane
Published: September 2022

In the late 1940s and 1950s American Catholic educators faced the dilemma of how to transmit Catholic faith and culture to the next generation while also reassuring their non‐Catholic neighbors that they were fully American in lifestyle and loyalties. This article examines one response to that dilemma: the convergence of public and Catholic school civics curricula through the widespread use of experiential pedagogy in Catholic civics education. Using a content analysis of civics textbooks and teacher's guides from both school systems, this article demonstrates how both kinds of schools converged on an experiential style of civics education, despite vocal opposition to “progressive” pedagogy at elite levels of Catholic educational discourse. The article then presents a partial explanation for this dissonance, demonstrating the moral certainty exhibited in the same Catholic‐school textbooks, and suggesting that Catholic educationists understood American Catholics to be morally privileged in a way that gave them special insight into American democracy and protected them from the negative influences of secular educational philosophy. This case study speaks to larger questions of how organizations manage conflicts between abstract principles and practical action, and suggests the value of including religious schools in the sociological study of “loose coupling” in educational organizations.
Personal values and sustained attention as predictors of children's helping behavior in middle childhood
Authors: Misgav Kinneret , Shachnai Reut , Abramson Lior , Knafo‐Noam Ariel , Daniel Ella
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study tested the effect of personal values (motivation) and sustained attention (cognitive ability) on children's helping behavior.

Method

Children (N = 162, age range 8–9 years, mean = 8.81, SD = 0.43) completed value ranking and go/no‐go tasks, and their helping behavior was examined.

Results

Children who valued self‐transcendence over self‐enhancement helped more than others. Surprisingly, children's lack of sustained attention was associated with more helping among those who valued self‐transcendence over self‐enhancement or openness‐to‐change over conservation values. Valuing both self‐transcendence and openness‐to‐change was also associated with more helping.

Conclusions

Children are more likely to help others if they value self‐transcendence and openness to change. Notably, children's tendency to act upon these values may be facilitated (rather than obstructed by) low attention skills.
Accommodativeself‐regulation: The sample case of imprisonment in young adulthood
Authors: Marek Karla , Kappes Cathleen , Hosser Daniela , Greve Werner
Published: September 2022

Objective

The present study examined the role of self‐esteem stabilization processes in response to restrictive developmental conditions in early adulthood. It did so by investigating accommodative adjustments among incarcerated young adults. It was argued that an adjustment of how an individual desires to be to how they actually perceive themselves (i.e., accommodative adjustment) can help to maintain a more stable self‐esteem and buffers negative changes.

Method

Within a longitudinal design with three measurements occasions data ofN= 728 incarcerated men between the age of 14 and 24 were analyzed. Accommodative adjustments were assessed at two occasions as adaptations of the ideal self‐concept (“I would like to be…”) to the previous actual self‐concept (“I am…”). In addition, assimilative adjustments were operationalized as adaptations of the actual self‐concept to the previous ideal self‐concept that means changing what individuals think of themselves in accordance to how they desire to be.

Results

Regression analysis showed that accommodative adjustments predicted self‐esteem. Moreover, accommodative processes were particularly important when assimilative processes were less pronounced.

Conclusion

Especially at the beginning of the incarceration period, accommodative adjustments of the self‐concept buffer damaging effects of incarceration and support the (re‐)stabilization of self‐esteem.
A thematic analysis of the personal factors influencing mental health help‐seeking in farmers
Authors: Vayro Caitlin , Brownlow Charlotte , Ireland Michael , March Sonja
Published: September 2022

Purpose

It is crucial to understand the micro‐level personal factors that impact farmer mental health help‐seeking, given that farmers are at increased risk of suicide yet show reduced mental health help‐seeking behaviors.

Methods

Ten farmers, 10 farmers’ partners, and 8 general practitioners (ie, family physicians) from Australia completed qualitative semi‐structured interviews. Braun and Clarke's method of thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Findings

The analysis resulted in 4 themes: “mental health literacy,” “stigma of mental illness and help‐seeking,” “support, the partners’ role in help‐seeking,” and “the intersectionality between being a farmer, age, and gender.” Farmers’ knowledge and understanding of mental health and treatments was varied. Stigma was reported to be reducing, but still present toward both mental illness and mental health help‐seeking. Support from a partner was reported to facilitate help‐seeking if delivered tactfully. Lastly, being older and male were reported to negatively impact farmer mental health help‐seeking.

Conclusion

The findings contribute to understanding farmer mental health help‐seeking and could inform quantitative research and the development and implementation of interventions to promote mental health help‐seeking in this group.
Nationalism, patriotism, or national reference? A response to Jacopo Custodi
Authors: Lobera Josep , Roch Juan
Published: September 2022

Jacop Custodi elaborated recently a response to our article “A nationalist party with non‐nationalistic voters? Discussing the limits of nationalism in party categorisation” published in the journal Nations & Nationalism. We consider the work of Custodi is an important and original contribution to the study of left politics and nationalism. This being said, we reflect on the negative consequences of overstretching the category nationalism, both referring to parties and to political discourse. The aim of this reply is unpacking and explaining these negative consequences and offering an alternative as well as responding to some specific points raised by Custodi in his reply.
Site‐tropism of streptococci in the oral microbiome
Authors: McLean Anthony R. , Torres‐Morales Julian , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Borisy Gary G. , Mark Welch Jessica L.
Published: September 2022

A detailed understanding of where bacteria localize is necessary to advance microbial ecology and microbiome‐based therapeutics. The site‐specialist hypothesis predicts that most microbes in the human oral cavity have a primary habitat type within the mouth where they are most abundant. We asked whether this hypothesis accurately describes the distribution of the members of the genus Streptococcus, a clinically relevant taxon that dominates most oral sites. Prior analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data indicated that some oral Streptococcus clades are site‐specialists while others may be generalists. However, within complex microbial populations composed of numerous closely related species and strains, such as the oral streptococci, genome‐scale analysis is necessary to provide the resolution to discriminate closely related taxa with distinct functional roles. Here, we assess whether individual species within this genus are specialists using publicly available genomic sequence data that provide species‐level resolution. We chose a set of high‐quality representative genomes for human oral Streptococcus species. Onto these genomes, we mapped shotgun metagenomic sequencing reads from supragingival plaque, tongue dorsum, and other sites in the oral cavity. We found that every abundant Streptococcus species in the healthy human oral cavity showed strong site‐tropism and that even closely related species such as S. mitis, S. oralis, and S. infantis specialized in different sites. These findings indicate that closely related bacteria can have distinct habitat distributions in the absence of dispersal limitation and under similar environmental conditions and immune regimes. Substantial overlap between the core genes of these three species suggests that site‐specialization is determined by subtle differences in genomic content.
Successful innovation and the alignment of knowledge workers at the executive, management, and technical specialist levels
Authors: Gaimon Cheryl , Carrillo Janice
Published: September 2022

This paper focuses on the critical roles of knowledge workers when a firm pursues a major innovation project. In this context, we consider knowledge workers as those who contribute to a firm's performance at the executive, management, and technical specialist levels. Technical specialists include persons with advanced skills in engineering, analytics, statistics, science, and economics. By analyzing a series of case studies and personal interviews, we demonstrate that alignment (i.e., coordination, integration, and collaboration) among these knowledge workers is critical for the success of an innovation project. The paper concludes with a discussion of the responsibilities of knowledge workers at the executive, management, and technical specialist levels to ensure the necessary alignment occurs for successful innovation.
Developing operations management data analytics
Authors: Feng Qi , Shanthikumar J. George
Published: September 2022

In this article, we describe representative contributions in several major application areas of data analytics in operations management to summarize the recent development, discuss the common themes, identify the current trends, and speculate the future directions. Certainly, many important contributions have been made in various application areas that are either directly or indirectly related to data analytics, and there are important theoretical developments made by scholars in our field. It is not our intention to provide a complete survey for data‐analytics work in our field. Instead, we focus only on the aspect of data integration in operational decision‐making by describing the most popular applications of data analytics.
Fertility of Holstein cows and heifers submitted to timed artificial insemination and receiving one or two doses (12 h apart) of semen
Authors: Mellado Miguel , Treviño Lucía M. , Chavez María I. , Véliz Francisco G. , Macías‐Cruz Ulises , Avendaño‐Reyes Leonel , García José E.
Published: September 2022

The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of receiving a single (n = 50,285) or double (n = 4392) artificial insemination (AI), 12 h apart, within a timed artificial insemination protocol on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in nulliparous heifers (inseminated with either sex‐sorted or conventional semen) and pluriparous Holstein cows in a commercial dairy herd. Also, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between temperature‐humidity index (THI) and time of the first AI and fertility. Fertility of cows receiving two AI with normothermia (THI <68) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (42.9% vs. 36.4%). P/AI of cows receiving two AI with severe heat stress (THI >85) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (21.0% vs. 12.6%). Regardless of heat stress conditions, applying the first AI in the morning increased (p < .05) P/AI in cows with double AI than in cows whose first AI occurred in the afternoon (38.4 vs. 33.3%). With moderate heat stress, and sexed‐sorted semen, P/AI to timed AI was higher (65.0 vs. 51.9%;p < .05) in heifers receiving double AI than those serviced once. It was concluded that double AI, 12 h apart, enhanced fertility at timed AI than herd mates with a single AI, particularly with heat stress at breeding.
Three‐dimensional lattice ground states for Riesz and Lennard‐Jones–type energies
Authors: Bétermin Laurent , Šamaj Ladislav , Travěnec Igor
Published: September 2022

The Riesz potential is known to be an important building block of many interactions, including Lennard‐Jones–type potentials , that are widely used in molecular simulations. In this paper, we investigate analytically and numerically the minimizers among three‐dimensional lattices of Riesz and Lennard‐Jones energies. We discuss the minimality of the body‐centered‐cubic (BCC) lattice, face‐centered‐cubic (FCC) lattice, simple hexagonal (SH) lattices, and hexagonal close‐packing (HCP) structure, globally and at fixed density. In the Riesz case, new evidence of the global minimality at fixed density of the BCC lattice is shown for and the HCP lattice is computed to have higher energy than the FCC (for ) and BCC (for ) lattices. In the Lennard‐Jones case with exponents , the ground state among lattices is confirmed to be an FCC lattice whereas an HCP phase occurs once added to the investigated structures. Furthermore, phase transitions of type “FCC‐SH” and “FCC‐HCP‐SH” (when the HCP lattice is added) as the inverse density V increases are observed for a large spectrum of exponents . In the SH phase, the variation of the ratio Δ between the interlayer distance d and the lattice parameter a is studied as V increases. In the critical region of exponents , the SH phase with an extreme value of the anisotropy parameter Δ dominates. If one limits oneself to rigid lattices, the BCC‐FCC‐HCP phase diagram is found. For , the BCC lattice is the only energy minimizer. Choosing , the FCC and SH latices become minimizers.
The novel HLA‐DPB1*1352:01 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Lu Jing‐yuan , Zheng Zhong‐zheng , Du Ke‐ming , An Lin , Lu Quan‐yi
Published: September 2022

HLA‐DPB1*1352:01 differs from HLA‐DPB1*02:01:02:01 by one nucleotide in exon 4.
Insights into breeding history, hotspot regions of selection, and untapped allelic diversity for bread wheat breeding
Authors: Lehnert Heike , Berner Thomas , Lang Daniel , Beier Sebastian , Stein Nils , Himmelbach Axel , Kilian Benjamin , Keilwagen Jens
Published: September 2022

Breeding has increasingly altered the genetics of crop plants since the domestication of their wild progenitors. It is postulated that the genetic diversity of elite wheat breeding pools is too narrow to cope with future challenges. In contrast, plant genetic resources (PGRs) of wheat stored in genebanks are valuable sources of unexploited genetic diversity. Therefore, to ensure breeding progress in the future, it is of prime importance to identify the useful allelic diversity available in PGRs and to transfer it into elite breeding pools. Here, a diverse collection consisting of modern winter wheat cultivars and genebank accessions was investigated based on reduced‐representation genomic sequencing and an iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip array. Analyses of these datasets provided detailed insights into population structure, levels of genetic diversity, sources of new allelic diversity, and genomic regions affected by breeding activities. We identified 57 regions representing genomic signatures of selection and 827 regions representing private alleles associated exclusively with genebank accessions. The presence of known functional wheat genes, quantitative trait loci, and large chromosomal modifications, i.e., introgressions from wheat wild relatives, provided initial evidence for putative traits associated within these identified regions. These findings were supported by the results of ontology enrichment analyses. The results reported here will stimulate further research and promote breeding in the future by allowing for the targeted introduction of novel allelic diversity into elite wheat breeding pools.
Gut bacteria comparison between wild and captive neotropical otters
Authors: Santamaría-Vanegas Johanna , Rodríguez-Rey Laura C
Published: September 2022

The neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) is considered a flagship species for the conservation of the ecosystems in which it resides and is currently in a vulnerable state. As a conservation strategy for this species, rehabilitation, breeding, and reintroduction programs of captive individuals have been proposed. However, it is likely that the environment and feeding conditions in captivity result in gut microbial communities that differ from those in wild animals. Gut microbial communities have an important role in the physiological performance of an animal. To determine differences between gut microbial communities of otters in wild and captive living conditions, the structure and diversity of their gut bacterial communities were determined using 16S rDNA molecular markers. Total DNA was isolated from fecal samples of wild animals from the La Vieja River basin and from captive animals in the Cali Zoo. As expected, the gut bacterial communities of captive animals converged to a more similar structure, and their bacterial diversity was significantly lower than that found in wild animals.
The Modeling of Roughness Effect on the Performance of a Controlled Diffusion Airfoil
Authors: Delvaux Grégory , Toracchio Riccardo , Boufidi Elissavet , Croner Emma , Fontaneto Fabrizio
Published: September 2022

The manufacturing and operational roughness of aerodynamic profiles impacts both the laminar and the turbulent boundary layers state, directly affecting the aerodynamic and thermal performance of typical turbomachinery components. By better understanding the underlying physical mechanisms, the present work aims at building a more refined and comprehensive model to take the effects of surface finish into account. The model is implemented into the MIT Multiple Blade Interacting Streamtube Euler Solver (MISES) and is validated against experimental results for different roughness levels, Reynolds number, and Mach number regimes. In the proposed model, the roughness effects on the turbulent boundary layer (BL) state are included through the modification of the turbulent skin friction law, while the roughness level is implemented through a new definition of ks that accounts for the influence of the roughness skewness. Particular emphasis is placed on the modeling of the transitionally rough regime. Finally, roughness effects on transition are modeled by implementing the Mayle rough-induced onset transition criterion. Results are validated in terms of the total pressure loss coefficient and the outlet flow angle, leading to a marked improvement in terms of agreement with the experimental data.