bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typology of Localities in the Warsaw Metropolitan Area Resulting from the Spatial Development Structure
Authors: Porczek Mariusz
Published: November 2023

Urban sprawl in Poland has increased due to commune autonomy in spatial planning processes. Local authorities often implement planning measures based on their unit’s interests, overlooking long-term problems such as a lack of schools, kindergartens, commercial infrastructure, and traffic congestion. To address these issues, local governments should consider spatial planning and development projects alongside the development of necessary infrastructure. Many spatial planning methods delimit metropolitan areas based on existing built-up areas and urban corridors located along transport routes. This study analyzed the urban development of the Warsaw Metropolitan Area. Based on a study by the Office of Architecture and Spatial Planning of the Capital City of Warsaw, four urbanization zones of the WMA were delimited, focusing on the accessibility of infrastructure and the urban structure of settlements. At the same time, the population density of each village and each town was calculated, and the area of vacant land was counted. The study found 44 instances of locality types, grouped into four classes, representing peri-urban areas.
Optimal Scale and Scenario Simulation Analysis of Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment in the Shiyang River Basin
Authors: Xie Jinfeng , Zhao Jun , Zhang Sheshu , Sun Ziyun
Published: November 2023

The evaluation of landscape ecological risk (LER) in a river basin holds significant importance for the overall ecological environmental protection of the basin and subsequent sustainable development. The Shiyang River basin, a typical arid inland river basin, was selected as the research object, and the optimal scale of LER research was explored. Multi-period land use data was used to build an LER assessment model and reveal the temporal and spatial changes of LER in the Shiyang River basin. The PLUS model was used to simulate the spatial distribution characteristics and change trends of LER under different scenarios in 2030. The results show that the LER in the Shiyang River Basin has obvious scale dependence, with optimal granularity and magnitude of 60 m and 4.5 km, respectively. LER is dominated by higher risk and high risk categories, with significant spatial differences, showing a trend of low in the southwest and high in the northeast. The LER of the Shiyang River Basin decreased from 2000 to 2020. It is expected that the LER value under different scenarios in 2030 will show a downward trend, and the LER value under the ecological conservation priority scenario will be the lowest. This study can provide a reference for LER assessment in arid inland river basins.
Sustainable Water Policymaking for the Hotel Industry: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Policy Documents
Authors: Hu Xiao , Ying Tianyu , Lovelock Brent , Mager Sarah
Published: November 2023

Safeguarding water resources in tourism contributes to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and to the wider 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. However, sustainable management of water, in order to address both current and future demand for water resources in an equitable and environmentally sound manner, is one of the most significant challenges faced by tourist destinations. Using a case study approach, this research conducts a social network analysis (SNA) of the water policymaking system of Singapore’s hotel industry by longitudinally examining the structure of relations among policy themes and policy stakeholders. The network approach attempts to examine the structural evolution in the water demand management (WDM) policy network based on an analysis of 329 (co)produced policy documents (2001–2020) available in the public domain. A broad range of policy themes, together with divergent policy stakeholders, are uncovered in this interconnected dynamic policy system. Subsequently, systematic policy research is extended to discuss the interrelationships of policy stakeholders and policy themes over the past 20 years. Our findings highlight the network structure of the policy domain and suggest an openness and vibrancy of sustainable WDM as an interdisciplinary policy domain. Cross-sectoral stakeholder engagement has contributed to the evolution and complexity of the policy theme network. The study’s findings provide significant insights into the relationships of policy actors and the evolving network structure of a multidimensional policy framework.
Exiting Inflation with a Smooth Scale Factor
Authors: Oslislo Harry , Altschul Brett
Published: November 2023

The expectation that the physical expansion of space occurs smoothly may be expressed mathematically as a requirement for continuity in the time derivative of the metric scale factor of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology. We explore the consequences of imposing such a smoothness requirement, examining the forms of possible interpolating functions between the end of inflation and subsequent radiation- or matter-dominated eras, using a straightforward geometric model of the interpolating behavior. We quantify the magnitude of the cusp found in a direct transition from the end of slow-roll inflation to the subsequent era, analyze the validity of several smooth interpolator candidates, and investigate equation-of-state and thermodynamic constraints. We find an order-of-magnitude increase in the size of the universe at the end of the transition to a single-component radiation or matter era. We also evaluate the interpolating functions in terms of the standard theory of preheating and determine the effect on the number of bosons produced.
Scheduling Scientific Workflow in Multi-Cloud: A Multi-Objective Minimum Weight Optimization Decision-Making Approach
Authors: Farid Mazen , Lim Heng Siong , Lee Chin Poo , Latip Rohaya
Published: November 2023

One of the most difficult aspects of scheduling operations on virtual machines in a multi-cloud environment is determining a near-optimal permutation. This task requires assigning various computing jobs with competing objectives to a collection of virtual machines. A significant number of NP-hard problem optimization methods employ multi-objective algorithms. As a result, one of the most successful criteria for discovering the best Pareto solutions is Pareto dominance. In this study, the Pareto front is calculated using a novel multi-objective minimum weight approach. In particular, we use particle swarm optimization (PSO) to expand the FR-MOS multi-objective scheduling algorithm by using fuzzy resource management to maximize variety and obtain optimal Pareto convergence. The competing objectives include reliability, cost, utilization of resources, risk probability, and time makespan. Most of the previous studies provide numerous symmetry or equivalent solutions as trade-offs for different objectives, and selecting the optimum solution remains an issue. We propose a novel decision-making strategy named minimum weight optimization (MWO). Multi-objective algorithms use this method to select a set of permutations that provide the best trade-off between competing objectives. MWO is a suitable choice for attaining all optimal solutions, where both the needs of consumers and the interests of service providers are taken into consideration. (MWO) aims to find the best solution by comparing alternative weights, narrowing the search for an optimal solution through iterative refinement. We compare our proposed method to five distinct decision-making procedures using common scientific workflows with competing objectives: Pareto dominance, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), linear normalization I, linear normalization II, and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS). MWO outperforms these strategies according to the results of this study.
Controller Design and Stability Analysis for a Class of Leader-Type Stochastic Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Zhang Haiying
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the non-scaling backstepping approach is used to examine the controller design process and stability analysis of a class of leader-type stochastic nonlinear systems. By utilizing the non-scaling backstepping design method and Lyapunov method, the controller of the leader-type stochastic nonlinear system is derived. Different from the previous literature on controller design, we develop a more computationally efficient way for designing controllers because the scaling function in the coordinate transformation is not included. Meanwhile, the prescribed-time mean-square stabilization on the equilibrium and two important estimates are derived by combining the Lyapunov method with the matrix norm. Compared to the finite-time stabilization in other studies, the prescribed-time stabilization can determine the convergence time without relying on the initial value and has more real-world applicability. To illustrate the effectiveness of the controller derived in this paper, numerical examples are provided finally.
Transport Properties of Strongly Correlated Fermi Systems
Authors: Shaginyan Vasily R. , Msezane Alfred Z. , Zverev Mikhail V.
Published: November 2023

Physicists are actively debating the nature of the quantum critical phase transition that determines the low-temperature properties of metals with heavy fermions. Important experimental observations of their transport properties incisively probe the nature of the quantum critical phase transition. In our short review, we consider the transport properties of strongly correlated Fermi systems like heavy fermion metals and high—Tc superconductors. Their transport properties are defined by strong inter-particle interactions, forming flat bands in these compounds. These properties do not coincide with those of conventional metals. Indeed, in contrast to the behavior of the transport properties of conventional metals, the strongly correlated compounds exhibit linear temperature resistivity ρ(T)∝T. We analyze the magnetoresistance and show that under the application of the magnetic field, it becomes negative. It is shown that near a quantum phase transition, when the density of the electronic states diverges, semiclassical physics remains applicable to describe the resistivity ρ of strongly correlated metals due to the presence of a transverse zero-sound collective mode, representing the phonon mode in solids. We demonstrate that when T exceeds the extremely low Debye temperature TD, the resistivity ρ(T) changes linearly with T since the mechanism of formation of the T-dependence ρ(T) is a similar electron-phonon mechanism, which predominates at high temperatures in ordinary metals. Thus, in the region of T-linear resistance, electron-phonon scattering leads to a lifetime of τ quasiparticles practically independent of the material, which is expressed as the ratio of the Planck constant ℏ to the Boltzmann constant kB, Tτ∼ℏ/kB. We explain that due to the non-Fermi-liquid behavior, the real part of the frequency-dependent optical conductivity σoptR(ω) exhibits a scaling behavior and demonstrates the unusual power law behavior σoptR(ω)∝ω−1, rather than the well-known one shown by conventional metals, σoptR(ω)∝ω−2. All our theoretical considerations are illustrated and compared with the corresponding experimental facts. Our results are in a good agreement with experimental observations.
Assessing Risk Factors for Victims of Violence in a Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program
Authors: Armstrong Gaylene , Gonzales Taylor , Visenio Michael R. , Farrens Ashley A. , Nelson Hannah , Evans Charity H. , Burt Jennifer , Bauman Zachary M. , Foxall Mark , Raposo-Hadley Ashley A.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Personal, behavioral, and environmental risk factors are correlated to varying degrees with each other and with the overall likelihood of violent reinjury. When used with fidelity, risk assessment instruments, including the violence reinjury risk assessment instrument (VRRAI), identify domains in which individuals present elevated risk levels to aid in matching services with needs. Less is known about the collinearity among risk factors for violently injured individuals admitted to hospitals. Collinearity between risk factors has ramifications for predictive modeling of violent reinjury risk. The objective of this study was to identify significantly correlated risk factors when the VRRAI was used by hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIP) for clients. Materials and Methods: Victims of violent injury by modality of firearm, stabbing, and physical assault who were admitted to a level 1 trauma center at a single institution were voluntarily enrolled in a hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP) between September 2020 and June 2022. Violence intervention specialists (VIS) completed the VRRAI within the first month of participant enrollment. The VRRAI is comprised of 29 binary indicators that may signal elevated risk of violent reinjury. Data from completed assessments were used to apply risk-need-responsivity (RNR) principles along with phi coefficients of key indicators to examine overlap and prevalence in the population. Results: A total of 98 participants were enrolled in the HVIP. The median age was 27 years old and 79 (80.6%) were male, while 66 (67.3%) were non-Hispanic Black or African American, 9 (9.2%) were non-Hispanic White, and 17 (17.3%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. Several statistically significant relationships existed between key risk indicators in the VRRAI. Importantly, a robust relationship was found between the two dynamic risk factors of having heavy connection with gangs and a perception of imminent threat of violence (φc = 0.57, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Data suggest that some variables could be consolidated or removed from the VRRAI to create an even shorter instrument that can be performed more rapidly in the clinical setting. The application of the RNR model illustrates a limited number of dynamic risk factors that could be immediately addressed as part of case management should be prioritized among the questions selected from the VRRAI for inquiry at the intake assessment.
Molecular-Clump Detection Based on an Improved YOLOv5 Joint Density Peak Clustering
Authors: Hu Jin-Bo , Huang Yao , Zheng Sheng , Chen Zhi-Wei , Zeng Xiang-Yun , Luo Xiao-Yu , Long Chen
Published: November 2023

The detection and analysis of molecular clumps can lead to a better understanding of star formation in the Milky Way. Herein, we present a molecular-clump-detection method based on improved YOLOv5 joint Density Peak Clustering (DPC). The method employs a two-dimensional (2D) detection and three-dimensional (3D) stitching strategy to accomplish the molecular-clump detection. In the first stage, an improved YOLOv5 is used to detect the positions of molecular clumps on the Galactic plane, obtaining their spatial information. In the second stage, the DPC algorithm is used to combine the detection results in the velocity direction. In the end, the clump candidates are positioned in the 3D position-position-velocity (PPV) space. Experiments show that the method can achieve a high recall of 98.41% in simulated data made up of Gaussian clumps added to observational data. The efficiency of the strategy has also been demonstrated in experiments utilizing observational data from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) project.
Lamivudine and Entecavir for Acute Hepatitis B: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Henriquez-Camacho Cesar , Hijas-Gomez Ana Isabel , Risco Risco Carlos , Ruiz Lapuente Maria Angeles , Escudero-Sanchez Rosa , Cuerda Victor Moreno
Published: November 2023

Background. Acute hepatitis B infection is associated with severe liver disease and chronic sequelae in some cases. The purpose of this review was to determine the efficacy of nucleoside analogues (NA) (lamivudine versus entecavir) compared to placebo or no intervention for treating acute primary HBV infection. Methods. A meta-analysis for drug intervention was performed, following a fixed-effect model. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized studies that evaluated the outcomes of NA in acute hepatitis B infection were included. The following outcomes were considered: virological cure (PCR negative), elimination of acute infection (seroconversion of HBsAg), mortality, and serious adverse events. Results. Five trials with 627 adult participants with severe acute hepatitis B defined by biochemical and serologic parameters were included. Virological cure did not favor any intervention: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.7 (p = 0.90), I2 = 58%. Seroconversion of HBsAg to negative favored placebo/standard-of-care compared to lamivudine: OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.9 (p = 0.02), I2 = 31%. The only trial that compared entecavir and lamivudine favored entecavir over lamivudine (OR: 3.64, 95% CI 1.31–10.13; 90 participants). Adverse events were mild. Conclusion. There is insufficient evidence that NA obtain superior efficacy compared with placebo/standard-of-care in patients with acute viral hepatitis, based on low quality evidence.
The Effect of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Cohort Study
Authors: van de Water Brittney , Abuelezam Nadia , Hotchkiss Jenny , Botha Mandla , Ramangoaela Limpho
Published: November 2023

South Africa has a dual high burden of HIV and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). We sought to understand the association of HIV and antiretroviral therapy status with TB treatment outcomes. This was a retrospective chart review of 246 patients who began treatment at two DR-TB hospitals in Eastern Cape, South Africa between 2017 and 2020. A categorical outcome with three levels was considered: unfavorable, transferred out, and successful. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to compare the individuals without HIV, with HIV and on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and with HIV but not on ART. Sixty-four percent of patients were co-infected with HIV, with eighty-seven percent of these individuals on ART at treatment initiation. The majority (59%) of patients had a successful treatment outcome. Twenty-one percent of patients transferred out, and an additional twenty-one percent did not have a successful outcome. Individuals without HIV had more than three and a half times the odds of success compared to individuals with HIV on ART and more than ten times the odds of a successful outcome compared to individuals with HIV not on ART (OR 3.64, 95% CI 1.11, 11.95; OR 10.24, 95% CI 2.79, 37.61). HIV co-infection, especially when untreated, significantly decreased the odds of treatment success compared to individuals without HIV co-infection.
Integrated Process of Immediate One-Step Lime Precipitation, Atmospheric Carbonation, Constructed Wetlands, or Adsorption for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Authors: Madeira Luís , Carvalho Fátima , Almeida Adelaide , Ribau Teixeira Margarida
Published: November 2023

The transition from the linear economy paradigm to the circular economy in industrial wastewater treatment systems is on the global agenda. The search for new simple, eco-innovative, and low-cost processes for treating industrial wastewater, which can also be used by small and medium-sized industries, has been a constant challenge especially when environmental sustainability is considered. So, a new integrated industrial wastewater treatment system has been developed that includes the immediate one-step lime precipitation process (IOSLM) and atmospheric carbonation (AC), followed by constructed wetlands (CWs) or adsorption. The current review provides an overview of industrial wastewater treatment strategies for high- and low-biodegradable wastewater. A background on functionality, applicability, advantages and disadvantages, operating variables, removal mechanisms, main challenges, and recent advances are carried out for each process that makes up the IOSLM+AC+CW/adsorption integrated system. The prospects of the IOSLM+AC+CW/adsorption integrated system are also discussed. Not neglecting the improvements that still need to be made in the integrated treatment system as well as its application to various types of industrial wastewater, this review highlights that this treatment system is promising in industrial wastewater treatment and consequent by-product recovery. The IOSLM+AC integrated system showed that it can remove high amounts of organic matter, total suspended solids, oils and fats, phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen from industrial effluents. On the other hand, constructed wetlands/adsorption can be alternatives for refining effluents still containing organic matter and nitrogen that were not possible to remove in the previous steps.
Study on the Control of Saltwater Intrusion Using Subsurface Dams
Authors: Chang Yawen , Chen Xuequn , Liu Dan , Tian Chanjuan , Xu Dandan , Wang Luyao
Published: November 2023

Subsurface dams are widely used to prevent saltwater intrusion, with good results. This blockage often leads to an accumulation of pollutants and salt on the inland and seaside of the dam, respectively. While the latter is intended, the former effect is not desired and poses a huge problem in groundwater management. In order to quantitatively address this issue and clarify the impact of subsurface dam height, location, and the head difference for the saltwater and freshwater boundary on saltwater wedges and fresh groundwater discharge, a flow tank and numerical model were constructed. The results indicate that there was an optimal effective dam height and location (also the minimum effective dam location) for controlling saltwater intrusion, which corresponded to the maximum groundwater and freshwater discharge. When the various conditions of the numerical model were set according to the flow tank and the dam was 15 cm away from the saltwater boundary, the minimum effective dam height was equal to the aquifer thickness multiplied by 0.36. The dam height reached a height that was slightly higher than the minimum effective height, namely, the ratio of dam height to aquifer thickness was 0.38, which revealed that the freshwater discharge reached its maximum at 22.71 cm3/min, the saline water wedge area was the smallest at 378 cm2, and the prevention effect of saltwater intrusion was the best. Building a dam too high, that was, the ratio of dam height to aquifer thickness exceeded 0.38, resulted in an increased saltwater wedge area and exacerbated aquifer pollution. When the dam was located at the minimum effective distance for preventing saltwater intrusion under a certain dam height and head difference between saltwater and freshwater boundary, that was, the ratio of the distance of the dam to the saltwater boundary to the total length of the aquifer was 0.063, the distance of the dam to the saltwater boundary was the minimum effective distance. Compared to other effective distances, when the dam was at the minimum effective distance, the freshwater discharge reached its maximum at 22.71 cm3/min, and the saltwater wedge area was the smallest at 378 cm2. These conclusions provide a theoretical reference for the impact of subsurface dam construction on the saltwater wedge. This study examines the impact of tides and waves on the water head of the saltwater boundary, and it is also necessary to verify these conclusions through actual field experiments. We will investigate this in future work.
Constraining Flood Forecasting Uncertainties through Streamflow Data Assimilation in the Tropical Andes of Peru: Case of the Vilcanota River Basin
Authors: Llauca Harold , Arestegui Miguel , Lavado-Casimiro Waldo
Published: November 2023

Flood modeling and forecasting are crucial for managing and preparing for extreme flood events, such as those in the Tropical Andes. In this context, assimilating streamflow data is essential. Data Assimilation (DA) seeks to combine errors between forecasting models and discharge measurements through the updating of model states. This study aims to assess the applicability and performance of streamflow DA in a sub-daily forecasting system of the Peruvian Tropical Andes using the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and Particle Filter (PF) algorithms. The study was conducted in a data-sparse Andean basin during the period February–March 2022. For this purpose, the lumped GR4H rainfall–runoff model was run forward with 100 ensemble members in four different DA experiments based on IMERG-E and GSMaP-NRT precipitation sources and assimilated real-time hourly discharges at the basin outlet. Ensemble modeling with EnKF and PF displayed that perturbation introduced by GSMaP-NRT’-driven experiments reduced the model uncertainties more than IMERG-E’ ones, and the reduction in high-flow subestimation was more notable for the GSMaP-NRT’+EnKF configuration. The ensemble forecasting framework from 1 to 24 h proposed here showed that the updating of model states using DA techniques improved the accuracy of streamflow prediction at least during the first 6–8 h on average, especially for the GSMaP-NRT’+EnKF scheme. Finally, this study benchmarks the application of streamflow DA in data-sparse basins in the Tropical Andes and will support the development of more accurate climate services in Peru.
DESIGN OF DENTAL AND MOUTH CARE INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATION DESIGN
Authors: Laut Deru Marah , Ningrum Nining , Utami Ulfah
Published: November 2023

Background: Dental and oral health care services (Askesgilut) are planned care services within a certain period of time on an ongoing basis in the simple promotive, preventive, and curative fields to improve the degree of optimal dental and oral health in individual groups, and the community. by a dental and oral therapist (TGM). The results of the initial survey from the medical record or puskesmas information system show that there is no electronic record/recording of Askesgilut services, it is necessary to design an electronic Askesgilut record that is integrated with the information system. This study aims to obtain the design of the Askesgilut TGM information system at the Puskesmas

Method: The design of the information system in this study uses a prototyping system design approach, namely a modern engineering-based design approach which is an interactive process that involves close working relationships between designers and users. The working relationship between designers and users is carried out through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method as well as in-depth interviews to obtain information/opinions/suggestions/inputs needed in designing the Askesgilut Information System application that will be used by TGM in Bandung City. This research involves the IT team as the main researcher.       

Result: The results of making this application are the first step in developing the Askesgilut application in order to facilitate TGM in carrying out its main tasks.

Conclusion: It is hoped that the design of the Askesgilut Information System will not only make it easier for TGM at the Puskesmas in carrying out their duties, but also can be used by the management at the puskesmas, which can then be directly connected to the Health Office to the Ministry of Health.
KARAKTER MAHASISWA WIRAUSAHA DI ERA DIGITAL MARKETING: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Syahreza Arief , Holiza Nyimas Ema
Published: November 2023

This article employs qualitative research methods, specifically literature research, utilizing 25 data sources including books, journals, and conference proceedings, both nationally accredited in Sinta and internationally indexed in Scopus, published within the past decade. These sources were scrutinized, analyzed, and synthesized to explore various aspects of fostering independent student entrepreneurship in the context of digital marketing. The literature review has revealed seven primary themes, encompassing entrepreneurship education, factors influencing entrepreneurship, educational implications, digital marketing, business development, women's entrepreneurship, and mentoring. These findings underscore the significance of fostering traits such as creativity, emotional intelligence, and adaptability in response to the ever-evolving entrepreneurial landscape. They also emphasize the necessity of establishing robust integration between conceptual frameworks, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and mentoring programs. As a result of this review, recommendations include encouraging students to actively engage in entrepreneurial education, advocating for community support of local entrepreneurs by purchasing their products, and urging academics to continually update entrepreneurship curricula while incorporating project-based learning methods. Moreover, collaboration with both industry and governmental entities is essential for creating a more inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Key words: Character, Digital Marketing, Literature Review
Scalable Electrophysiology of Millimeter-Scale Animals with Electrode Devices
Authors: Dong Kairu , Liu Wen-Che , Su Yuyan , Lyu Yidan , Huang Hao , Zheng Nenggan , Rogers John A. , Nan Kewang
Published: November 2023

Millimeter-scale animals such asCaenorhabditis elegans,Drosophilalarvae, zebrafish, and bees serve as powerful model organisms in the fields of neurobiology and neuroethology. Various methods exist for recording large-scale electrophysiological signals from these animals. Existing approaches often lack, however, real-time, uninterrupted investigations due to their rigid constructs, geometric constraints, and mechanical mismatch in integration with soft organisms. The recent research establishes the foundations for 3-dimensional flexible bioelectronic interfaces that incorporate microfabricated components and nanoelectronic function with adjustable mechanical properties and multidimensional variability, offering unique capabilities for chronic, stable interrogation and stimulation of millimeter-scale animals and miniature tissue constructs. This review summarizes the most advanced technologies for electrophysiological studies, based on methods of 3-dimensional flexible bioelectronics. A concluding section addresses the challenges of these devices in achieving freestanding, robust, and multifunctional biointerfaces.
Traceable Lactate-Fueled Self-Acting Photodynamic Therapy against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Feng Guangle , He Ting , Yang Min , Lin Jing , Huang Peng
Published: November 2023

The depth of light penetration and tumor hypoxia restrict the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), while the overproduction of lactate (LA) facilitates the development, aggressiveness, and therapy resistance of TNBC. To address these issues, a self-acting PDT nanosystem (HL@hMnO
2
-LOx@HA) is fabricated by loading 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-alpha (HPPH), luminol, and LA oxidase (LOx) in a hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated hollow manganese dioxide (hMnO
2
) nanoparticle. LOx catalyzes the oxidation of LA into pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), thus depleting the overproduced intratumoral LA. In the acidic tumor microenvironment, H
2
O
2
reacts with luminol and hMnO
2
to yield blue luminescence as well as O
2
and Mn
2+
, respectively. Mn
2+
could further enhance this chemiluminescence. HPPH is then excited by the chemiluminescence through chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer for self-illuminated PDT. The generated O
2
alleviates the hypoxia state of the TNBC tumor to produce sufficient
1
O
2
for self-oxygenation PDT. The Mn
2+
performs
T
1
magnetic resonance imaging to trace the self-acting PDT process. This work provides a biocompatible strategy to conquer the limits of light penetration and tumor hypoxia on PDT against TNBC as well as LA overproduction.
THE IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND THE FORMATION OF POPULATION IMMUNITY TO THE SARS-COV-2 VIRUS IN THE OLDER GENERATION 65+ GROUP
Authors: Лепехова С.А. , Киреева В.В. , Иноземцев П.О. , Мансурова Л.Н. , Кукушкина Л.Ю.
Published: November 2023

Проанализировано влияние пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 и введение самоизоляции на качество жизни старшего поколения 65+ с оценкой коллективного иммунитета у участников исследования. В протокол исследования были включены 192 человека, являющихся сотрудниками Иркутского научного центра, в том числе 94 — старшей возрастной группы 65+. Все участники были разделены условно на четыре возрастные группы. Возраст обследованных — 21–88 лет. На первом этапе оценивали результаты заполнения опросника EQ-5D-3L с оценкой профиля здоровья, отражающего три уровня проблем в пяти компонентах. В среднем показатель качества жизни по ответам EQ–VAS через 1 год после пандемии снизился по сравнению с данными, полученными после месячного периода самоизоляции. Со слов обследуемых, именно наличие тревожной информации и уровень эмоционального напряжения в обществе стали определяющими при ответах на вопросы анкет. При оценке популяционного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 выявлена положительная динамика в период исследования 2021– 2022 гг., преимущественно за счет мероприятий по вакцинации, количество переболевших участников исследования имело тенденцию к снижению. В результате, популяционный иммунитет к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 в 2021 г. составил 77 %, а в 2022 г. — 87 %. В 2021 г. максимальный уровень серопревалентности выявлен в возрастной группе 60–80 лет (83,5 %), а в 2022 г. — в группе 40–60 лет (93 %).

The impact of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection Covid-19 and the introduction of self-isolation on the quality of life of the older generation 65+ were analyzed, with an assessment of herd immunity among the study participants. The study protocol included 192 people who are employees of the Irkutsk Scientific Center, including 94 people of the older age group 65+. All participants were divided by us conditionally into four age groups. The age of the examined patients ranged from 21 to 88 years. At the fi rst stage, the results of fi lling out the EQ-5D-3L took part with an assessment of the health profi le, reflecting three levels of problems in fi ve components. On average, the EQ-VAS quality of life indicator decreased a year after the pandemic compared to the data obtained after a month-long period of selfisolation. According to the respondents, it was the presence of disturbing information and the level of emotional tension in society th at became decisive in answering the questions of the questionnaires. When assessing population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a positive trend was revealed during the study period of 2021–2022, mainly due to vaccination activities, the number of ill participants in the study tended to decrease. As a result, population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus was 77 % in 2021 and 87 % in 2022. In 2021, the maximum seroprevalence level was detected among the age group 60–80 years old (83.5 %), and in 2022 — in the group 40–60 years (93 %).
ACCELERATED POPULATION AGING AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (review)
Authors: Кобелев И.М. , Сагинбаев У.Р. , Рукавишникова С.А. , Ахмедов Т.А.
Published: November 2023

Пандемия COVID-19 оказала влияние на многие стороны жизни человека. Одним из последствий коронавирусного периода стало ускоренное старение населения. Данный факт подтверждается в работах многих ученых. Вот лишь некоторые из итогов влияния инфицирования SARS-CoV-2 на здоровье человека: укорочение теломер, увеличение количества нейродегенеративных заболеваний, нарушение функций исполнительной системы, когнитивные нарушения, повышение риска сердечно-сосудистых и цереброваскулярных заболеваний, депрессии, слабоумия, инвалидности, отсутствие вовлеченности в здоровое поведение, увеличение уровня циркулирующего тропонина I и натрийуретических пептидов, проблемы с коагуляцией, низкая экспрессия ангиотензинпревращающего фермента 2, ускорение DeltaAge, раннее сосудистое старение, внешние признаки ускорения процессов старения человека, повышение концентрации мочевины и креатинина. Список обширен, и он постоянно пополняется. Важно и дальше раскрывать механизмы, которые лежат в основе тех или иных последствий коронавирусного инфицирования, чтобы попытаться обратить их вспять и обеспечить людям здоровое биологическое старение.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on many aspects of human life. One of the consequences of the coronavirus period was the accelerated aging of the population. This fact is confirmed in the works of many scientists. Here are some of the results of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human health: telomere shortening, increased neurodegenerative disease, dysfunction of the executive system, cognitive impairment, increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, depression, dementia, disability, lack of involvement in healthy behavior, increased levels of circulating troponin I and natriuretic peptides, problems with coagulation, low expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, DeltaAge acceleration, early vascular aging, external signs of accelerating human aging processes, increased urea and creatinine concentrations. The list is extensive, and it is constantly being replenished. It is important to continue to disclose the mechanisms that underlie certain consequences of coronavirus infection in order to try to reverse them and ensure people healthy biological aging.
CONTINUING WORK AFTER 64 YEARS OF AGE AND POSTURAL BALANCE
Authors: Блохина Н.В. , Дёмин А.В. , Ильницкий А.Н. , Шамратов Р.З.
Published: November 2023

Цель работы — оценка компонентов постурального баланса у работающих и неработающих мужчин и женщин пожилого возраста. Были обследованы 120 человек 65–69 лет, которые были разделены на две группы: 1-я — 30 женщин и 30 мужчин, которые продолжали трудовую деятельность после выхода на пенсию; 2-я — 30 женщин и 30 мужчин, которые на момент обследования прекратили свою трудовую деятельность. Для комплексной оценки компонентов постурального баланса использовали компьютерный постурографический комплекс «Smart Equitest Balance Manager». Проводили Sensory Organization Test (SOT) и Motor Control Test (MCT). На основании сравнительного анализа SOT и MCT можно сделать вывод, что работающие лица 65–69 лет по сравнению с неработающими людьми того же возраста характеризуются более эффективным поддержанием статического и статодинамического баланса, высокой результативностью и функциональностью их постурального контроля, включая нейромышечный контроль баланса, а также наилучшей балансировкой и управлением центром тяжести при поддержании статического и статодинамического равновесия. Снижение степени участия соматосенсорной, зрительной и вестибулярной информации в постуральном контроле, а также зрительно-моторной координации будет негативно отражаться на продолжении трудовой деятельности людей после 64 лет.

The objective of this study was to assess the components of postural balance among working and non-working men and women aged 65–69. A total of 120 people within the age range of 65–69 were screened. The fi rst group included 30 female and 30 male patients who continued working beyond retirement. The second group comprised 30 women and 30 men who had ceased working by the time of the examination. For comprehensive assessment of postural balance components the computer complex of dynamic postrography «Smart Equitest Balance Manager» was used. Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and Motor Control Test (MCT) were conducted. An analysis of SOT and MCT results showed that compared to non-workers aged 65–69, working men and women of the same age range demonstrated more effective maintenance of static and static-dynamic balance, increased postural control performance, including neuromuscular control of balance, as well as optimal balancing and centre of gravity control while maintaining static and static-dynamic balance. The reduced participation of somatosensory, visual and vestibular information in postural control and visualmotor coordination will negatively impact the ability of people over 64 to continue working.
RISK FACTORS FOR LOW FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY IN PEOPLE 80 YEARS AND OLDER
Authors: Булгакова С.В. , Тренева Е.В. , Курмаев Д.П.
Published: November 2023

В мире продолжается глобальное постарение населения, поэтому продление функциональной и когнитивной независимости у людей пожилого, старческого возраста и долгожителей является приоритетной целью систем здравоохранения всех государств. Цель исследования — выявление факторов риска низкой функциональной активности у людей старческого возраста. В исследование были включены 122 человека 80 лет и старше (средний возраст — 84,74±2,98 года). У всех участников проводили сбор жалоб, анамнеза, определяли антропометрические показатели, силу хвата кисти, функциональную активность с помощью батареи тестов SPPB, состав тела. Выявлено, что мужчины 80 лет и старше демонстрировали лучшие функциональные показатели, чем женщины. Пол, возраст и число принимаемых лекарственных препаратов явились значимыми предикторами функциональной активности. Пациенты 80 лет и старше с нормальной функциональной активностью обладали лучшими антропометрическими показателями, составом тела, силой хвата кисти. Депрессия и остеоартрит чаще встречались у людей старческого возраста с низкой функциональной активностью.

The global aging of the population continues in the world, therefore, the extension of functional and cognitive independence in the elderly, senile and centenarians is a priority goal of the healthcare systems of all states. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for low functional activity in senile people. The study included 122 people aged 80 years and older (mean age 84,74±2,98 years). Complaints were collected from all participants; history; anthropometric indicators, handgrip strength, functional activity using the SPPB battery of tests, body composition were determined. It was found that men aged 80 years and older showed better functional performance than women. Gender, age, and the number of drugs taken were significant predictors of functional activity. Patients at the age of 80 years and older with normal functional activity had better anthropometric parameters, body composition, and hand grip strength. Depression and osteoarthritis were more common in older people with low functional activity.
MODERN VIEW OF PEOPLE FALLING SYNDROME ELDERLY AND SENIAL AGE (literature review)
Authors: Щербук А.Ю. , Донсков В.В. , Щербук Ан.Ю. , Черепанова Е.В. , Мадай Д.Ю. , Щербук Ю.А.
Published: November 2023

В обзорной статье проанализированы научные публикации, посвященные актуальной проблеме современного общества — синдрому падений людей пожилого и старческого возраста. Продемонстрирована многофакторность синдрома падений, которую необходимо учитывать при проведении диагностических и лечебных мероприятий. Полученная информация позволила выделить наиболее значимые состояния и заболевания, ведущие к увеличению частоты синдрома падений. В работе систематизированы сведения о его причинах и профилактике, диагностике и комплексном лечении пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста. Обращено особое внимание на пострадавших пожилого и старческого возраста с травматическими повреждениями.

The review article analyzes scientific publications devoted to the actual problem of modern society — the syndrome of falls in elderly and senile people. The multifactorial nature of falls is demonstrated, which must be taken into account when carrying out diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The information obtained made it possible to identify the most significant conditions and diseases leading to an increase in the frequency of falls. The paper systematizes information about the causes of falls and the prevention of falls, diagnosis and complex treatment of elderly and senile patients. Attention is drawn to the victims of elderly and senile age with traumatic injuries.
MODERN APPROACH TO THE PREVENTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Косарева О.В. , Булгакова С.В. , Долгих Ю.А. , Шаронова Л.А. , Тренева Е.В. , Курмаев Д.П.
Published: November 2023

Сахарный диабет 2-го типа является распространенным хроническим метаболическим возраст-ассоциированным заболеванием. Среди лиц с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа преобладают пожилые пациенты старше 65 лет. Данная патология развивается у 70 % пациентов с преддиабетом в течение жизни. В статье представлены данные по распространенности сахарного диабета 2-го типа и преддиабета в РФ. Отражено влияние образа жизни и старения на прогрессирование нарушений углеводного обмена. Представлены исследования, доказывающие возможность предотвращения перехода преддиабета в диабет. Рассматриваются различные методы профилактики сахарного диабета 2-го типа, включающие изменение образа жизни, применение лекарственных препаратов и метаболическую хирургию у пациентов с преддиабетом. Особое внимание в статье уделено эффективности и возможности в целом применения этих методов профилактики у лиц пожилого возраста.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic age-associated disease. Elderly patients over 65 years of age predominate among those with type 2 diabetes. 70 % of patients with prediabetes develop type 2 diabetes during their lifetime. The article presents data on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes in the Russian Federation. It also refl ects information about the impact of lifestyle and aging on the progression of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The paper presents studies that prove the possibility of preventing the transition of prediabetes to diabetes. Various methods of preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus, including lifestyle changes, medications, and metabolic surgery in patients with prediabetes, are being considered. Particular attention is paid to the effectiveness and possibility of using these methods of prevention in the elderly in general.
The concept of speed in Luhmann’s schemata: The case of the Russian criminal justice
Authors: Skoblik Konstantin
Published: November 2023

Notwithstanding Luhmann’s systems theory has a variety of concepts (code, structures, programs, operations, structural couplings, self-irritations, etc.) to analyze the Russian Criminal Justice as a self-referential system, it exhibits some limitations as well. A lack of fully-developed speed concept does not allow the autopoietic approach to adequately describe the Russian Criminal Justice System’s emphasis on the efficiency, which is measured by a high rate of convictions produced within the system per unit of time. Drawing primarily upon intuitions of systems theory itself, this paper reconstructs the speed as a schema for the observation of changes and the number of operations produced within the system per unit of time. At the most abstract level, the speed concept is a prerequisite for observing the rate and tempo of oscillation between sides of distinction per se. Exploiting these theoretical adjustments, it is shown that the Russian Criminal Justice System seeks to increase the rate of oscillation within guiding distinction “legally guilty (non-lawful)”/”legally non-guilty (lawful)”. In so doing, this system condenses most of meanings on the side “legally guilty” (connectivity value), minimizes the horizon of possibilities related to jury trials and due process rights, and decelerates a speed of reverse crossing to the side “legally non-guilty” (reflexive value).
Para que la semilla de la comunicación germine bien
Authors: Bottasso Oscar
Published: November 2023

"No han sido infrecuentes los casos en que al momento de relacionar un factor de riesgo con el desarrollo de cierta enfermedad, o los beneficios de una novedosa medicación para su tratamiento, nos topamos con una reacción indiferente, o incluso adversa, en términos de aceptabilidad. La pandemia da cuenta de las encendidas campañas antivacunas en parte favorecidas cuando alguien muy mediático se pronunciaba en su contra (1,2)..."