bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-frequency acoustic measurements on the metallic glass Zr46.8 Ti8.2 Cu7.5 Ni10 Be27.5
Authors: Seiler Arnold , Craft Sebastian , Weiss Georg
Published: July 2015

The properties of amorphous solids at low temperatures are well known to be dominated by atomic two-level tunneling systems (TS). While the standard tunneling model successfully describes thermodynamic properties of insulating glasses it fails to predict the elastic properties of metallic glasses. To investigate the role of conduction electrons on the density of states and the dynamics of TS vibrating reed experiments are performed. In superconducting glasses the interaction can be switched on and off by means of a magnetic field which suppresses superconductivity and therefore enables electrons to interact with TS. Here we present measurements of the internal friction and the sound velocity of the splat cooled superconducting metallic glass $\text{Zr}_{46.8}\text{Ti}_{8.2}\text{Cu}_{7.5}\text{Ni}_{10}\text{Be}_{27.5}$ measured at frequencies between 600 Hz and 14 kHz and temperatures from 10 mK to room temperature. Within these experiments we used an improved sample geometry to reduce clamping losses and to excite different modes at various frequencies.
O uso da microssimulação na avaliação do desempenho da segurança viária
Authors: Cunto Flávio José Craveiro , Grangeiro Loureiro Carlos Felipe
Published: July 2015

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sistematizada sobre os diversos aspectos que caracterizam o potencial do uso da mi-crossimulação em estudos de segurança de tráfego. Inicialmente, faz-se uma revisão dos principais indicadores de desempenho da segu-rança viária, analisando sua evolução conceitual e a pertinência na utilização de modelos de microssimulação na sua estimativa. Em se-guida, são descritas as principais características dos simuladores a serem observadas quando utilizados em estudos de segurança. São discutidos também aspectos referentes ao processo de calibração e validação dos algoritmos de modelagem microscópica para esse tipo de aplicação, além da necessidade de validar a relação entre indicador simulado e situações de risco de acidentes observadas em campo. Ao final, conclui-se que são inúmeras as oportunidades e os desafios de pesquisa nessa área, incluindo novas formas de representação dos conflitos/interações no tráfego, as simplificações inerentes aos algoritmos de modelagem microscópica, os procedimentos de calibração e validação desses algoritmos, assim como a validade relativa dos indicadores de desempenho para refletirem o contexto real da segurança viária.

Palavras-chave: simulação microscópica, segurança viária, indicadores proxy de segurança viária.

Abstract: This paper presents a systemized discussion on the different aspects that characterize the potential use of microscopic simu-lation in traffic safety studies. Initially, it is presented a literature review on the existing traffic safety performance measures, analyzing their conceptual evolution and the appropriateness of using microscopic simulation models in their estimation. Following, there is a description of the main characteristics of traffic simulators to be observed when applied to safety studies. There is also a discussion on the aspects related to calibrating and validating microscopic modeling algorithms for this type of application, as well as the need to validate the relationship between simulated measures and imminent accident situations observed on the field. At last, it is concluded that there are many research opportunities and challenges in this area, including new means of representing traffic conflicts/interactions, simplifications inherent to microscopic modeling algorithms, procedures for calibrating and validating these algorithms, as well as the relative validity of the performance measures to reflect the real context of road safety.

Keywords: microscopic simulation, road safety, surrogate safety measures.
Modelo e controle da operação de um sistema BRT com segmento de faixa exclusiva única bidirecional
Authors: Koehler Luiz Alberto , Camponogara Eduardo , Kraus Jr. Werner
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho apresenta o modelo e estratégia de controle de um sistema BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) que tem como principal característica a presença de segmento(s) de faixa exclusiva única para ambos os sentidos de deslocamento dos ônibus (segmentos bidirecionais). Este diferencial, dadas as restrições associadas ao alto grau de adensamento das áreas urbanas, permite uma menor ocupação de espaço físico e menor ocupação das vias convencionais por parte dos ônibus, podendo muitas vezes representar a viabilidade ou não da implementação de sistemas BRT. São apresentados o modelo e uma estratégia de controle em tempo real para operação do sistema BRT proposto, aqui denominado CIRSO (Controle Integrado de Retenção e Sequenciamento dos Ônibus). O modelo matemático utilizado é determinístico, representado por uma função custo e restrições, sendo as variáveis de controle o tempo ótimo de retenção dos ônibus nos pontos e o controle do sequenciamento dos ônibus através do(s) segmento(s) bidirecional(ais). Resultados de simulação mostram a viabilidade e eficiência do modelo do sistema BRT e da estratégia de controle CIRSO aqui propostos.

Palavras-chave: faixa exclusiva para ônibus, faixa bidirecional para ônibus, BRT, controle do espaçamento

Abstract: This paper presents a model and control strategy for a BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) system which has as its main distinguishing characteristic the presence of segments with only one exclusive lane for both directions of bus movement (bidirectional segments). This feature, given the constraints associated with high density urban areas, allows for a smaller physical footprint and lower occupancy of the conventional ways by buses and can often represent the only feasible alternative of the implementation of a BRT system. The model and a control strategy for real time operation of the proposed BRT system are presented, here called CIRSO (Integrated Control of Retention and Sequencing of the Buses). The mathematical model used is deterministic, represented by a cost function and constraints. The control variables are the optimum holding time of buses at stops and control of bus sequencing through the bidirectional segments. Simulation results show the feasibility and efficiency of the BRT system model and CIRSO control strategy here proposed.
Keywords: exclusive bus way, bidirectional bus lane, bus rapid transit, holding control
Roteirização dinâmica de veículos usando simulação e algoritmo genético
Authors: Novaes Antonio Galvão , Burin Paulo Juliano , Bez Edson Tadeu , Scholz-Reiter Bernd
Published: July 2015

Resumo: Problemas dinâmicos de roteirização de veículos têm recebido crescente atenção dos pesquisadores em função da rápida e-volução das tecnologias de telecomunicação, do tratamento da informação e dos avanços observados nas técnicas de análise, otimização e computação. Nos centros urbanos sujeitos a congestionamentos de tráfego elevados e imprevisíveis, os operadores logísticos costumam alocar, muitas vezes, um número excessivo de tarefas aos seus veículos, acarretando o não cumprimento de atividades programadas ao fim da jornada diária, situação essa que leva à não realização dos compromissos logísticos assumidos com seus clientes. Neste artigo é analisado um problema de roteirização dinâmica, em que parte das tarefas em excesso, que venham a ocorrer nos roteiros programados, é transferida para um veículo auxiliar, que efetua, assim, um roteiro dinâmico constituído pelas atividades provenientes dos veículos regulares. Para resolver o problema, foi utilizado um algoritmo genético, associado à simulação para obtenção de parâmetros relevantes.

Palavras-chave: roteirização dinâmica, algoritmo genético, simulação.

Abstract: Dynamic vehicle routing problems have received increasing attention in the literature due to the rapid evolution of tele-communication and information technologies, as well as advances in analytical and computational techniques. In large urban centers subject to critical and often unpredictable traffic congestion, logistics operators often use to allocate an excessive number of tasks to their vehicles, generating undone programmed activities at the end of the working day, thus impairing contractual obligations previously assumed with their clients. In this article, a dynamic routing problem is analyzed in which the tasks in excess, that might exceed the daily working time limit in a route, are assigned to an auxiliary vehicle, thus forming another dynamic route composed by the transferred tasks generated by the regular trucks. To solve the problem, a genetic algorithm was employed in association with a simulation program intended to get some relevant parameters.

Keywords: dynamic routing, genetic algorithm, simulation.
Revisiting Use of Real-Time Polling for Learning Transfer
Authors: Stover Sheri , Noel Dan , McNutt Mindy , Heilmann Sharon G.
Published: July 2015

Instructors in five different undergraduate courses designed their courses to include real-time polling to increase their students’ levels of engagement and participation in an attempt to enhance students’ learning transfer. This mixed methods research study examined the results of those efforts after querying students’ perceptions of whether the use of real-time polling had an effect on their understanding of the course content, their levels of participation in the classroom, and their levels of engagement in the classroom. Instructors used Poll Everywhere to incorporate the real-time polling in classes where 98% of students had suitable devices to respond to the polls. Results from this survey indicate that the use of real-time polling helped students better understand the course material and also increased their level of participation and engagement.
Pinterest as a Teaching Tool
Authors: Schoper Sarah E.
Published: July 2015

This paper discusses a use of the social media application, Pinterest, in a graduate course.
A NEURO-FUZZY SYSTEM TO SUPPORT THE ATTENTION DIRECTION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT OPERATORS
Authors: Carvalho Paulo Victor Rodrigues de , Mol Antonio Carlos , Costa Rafael Gomes , Silva Márcio Henrique da , Siqueira Ana Paula Legey de
Published: July 2015

Accident diagnosis in nuclear power plants (NPPs) is a very hard task for plant operators due the number of variables they have to deal simultaneously when facing accident situations. The previous identification of possible accident situations is an essential issue for safe operation in NPPs. Artificial intelligence techniques and tools are suitable to identify complex systems accident situations because the system faults and anomalies lead to different pattern evolution in the correlated processes variables, Such patterns can be identified by Artificial Neuron Networks (ANNs). The system developed in this work aims to support operators’ attention direction during accidents in NPPs using a Neuro-Fuzzy approach for event's identification forecast. ANNs are used to perform this task. After the NN has done the event type identification, a fuzzy-logic system analyzes the results giving a reliability level of that. The results have shown the system is capable to help the operators to direct their attention and narrow their information search field in the noisy background of the operation during accident situations in nuclear power plants.
ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS IN A HOSPITAL OF HIGH COMPLEXITY
Authors: Pontes André Teixeira , Moura Leonardo De Lima , Da Silva Ronaldo Ferreira , De Souza Ricardo Gabbay , Meiriño Marcelo
Published: July 2015

The hospital sector has been considered one of the most susceptible to occupational exposures, because has various patient’ groups with various infectious diseases and carry out many procedures with risk of accidents and diseases for healthcare professionals. Among the factors that most affect health workers can stand out chemical factors such as antineoplastic agents that expose the trader to different forms of contamination. This study features a case study in a university hospital with a high complexity oncology sector to assess the occupational risk levels involved in the activities carried out. We emphasize that in any of the activities analyzed the risk can be considered negligible. Regarding consequences and the probability associated to the occurrence of the risk, it was observed that half the activity is associated with risks routine and a considerable number of these high risk is therefore allowing classifies them as non-tolerable risks. In conclusion, we note that the methodology used for risk assessment in hospitals, being a useful tool and an important source of information for managers to promote the implementation of improvements in hospital processes in order to minimize the risks to which professional’s health are exposure.
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES REDESIGN: A CHALLENGE TO NEW SERVICE DEVELOPMENT MODELS
Authors: Quaggio Frederico Medeiros , Silva Marcia Terra
Published: July 2015

Service industry researchers argue that one of the core competences for a successful service company consists in its ability to change, innovate and incorporate new technologies in its production process. Most of the studies developed in theses area are focused mainly in mass service or service-shop industries. It’s not very well discussed that some of the NSD challenges are related to the difficult to anticipate and incorporate in the NSD process and in the new service’s specifications the influences of its own characteristics: intangibility, heterogeneity, inseparability and perishability. For instance, the users’ role as co-producer of service process can result in additional variability and unpredictability of demands and tasks that may affect significantly the delivery process; front-line personnel may be empowered to change some services’ specification to achieve specific client’s need. These paper aims to discuss how a new professional service can be affected by it own characteristics and it reveals the main obstacles that hinder the redesign of professional services.
FORTIFICATION OF PLANT MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: ROLE OF SIX SIGMA APPROACH
Authors: Pophaley Mahesh , Vyas Ram Krishna
Published: July 2015

Today, only those companies which are capable of permanent and fast adaptation to quickly-changing conditions can survive. Six Sigma is at the top of the agenda for many manufacturing companies that try to reduce cost, process variability and improve productivity. In order for a company to remain competitive and maintain maximal efficiency and availability of all its plants and machinery, what is needed is an approach different from the traditional concept of doing plant maintenance. In this paper an attempt is made to investigate the gap between plant maintenance practices and Six Sigma approach that led us to suggest that there is a great deal of scope in the prescription of Six Sigma in maintenance theory. Further this paper explores the possibilities of enhancing the usefulness and effectiveness of plant maintenance practices by the integration with established Six Sigma Operation Techniques (SSOT). Thus to enhance maintenance deployment in manufacturing environments, a new roadmap for core maintenance professionals for integration has been proposed. The conclusion that can be drawn from this on going research is that, in order to reach its goals, the maintenance departments must implement Six Sigma program to change the way in which traditional practices employ at work for continual improvement of the maintenance function.
INTEGRATED OPERATIONS: VALUE AND APPROACH IN THE OIL INDUSTRY
Authors: Lima Claudio Benevenuto de Campos , Lima Gilson Brito Alves , Quelhas Osvaldo Luis Goncalves , Ferreira Rodrigo Nunes
Published: July 2015

Today's society is increasingly susceptible to global economic crisis. The energy is still extremely dependent on oil, whose extraction scenarios usually have great complexity. The technology in the oil industry has undergone a vertiginous development in recent times. Advances in information, data and telecommunications have been reflected in the connectivity of systems and people with tremendous impacts on improvements of operational and business decisions. In this context, came to light an important movement of Integrated Operations (IO), which has systematized the implementation of this concept in the oil and gas operators and service providers. Each company has created its program, with peculiarities and challenges. This paper, including an intensive literature search, analyzed the objectives, concepts and architectures of Integrated Operations deployments in five major operators. Through a reference framework, the differences and similarities of these models were discussed. There was also an analysis in recent bibliography in order to better understand the value for Integrated Operations.
MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES MANAGEMENT: MAIN ADMINISTRATIVE DIFFICULTIES OBSERVED IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR ENTERPRISES
Authors: Anholon Rosley , Souza Pinto Jefferson , Besteiro Carpim Elen Nara , Novaski Olívio , Zoqui Eugênio José , Cooper Ordonez Robert Eduardo
Published: July 2015

This paper analyzes the main difficulties in managing of Micro and Small enterprises of construction sector in Jundiai city. For this, a survey was done with 51 entrepreneurs and the difficulties analyzed in nine categories. Some results stand out among many others presented in this paper, such as 46% of respondents indicated that the tax burden as one of the most problematic aspects in economic and financial management, 41% who reported differences between the theoretical and real inventory and 52% who have problems in the strategic management of their business. Finally, it emphasizes that this research presents a deductive character and their results are valid only focused for entrepreneurs reported sample.
Liquid citrate acidification introduces significant glucose bias and leads to misclassification of patients with diabetes
Authors: Juricic Gordana , Kopcinovic Lara Milevoj , Saracevic Andrea , Bakliza Ana , Simundic Ana-Maria
Published: July 2015

Glucose measurements are crucial in diabetes diagnosis. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of liquid citrate acidification in preventing glycolysis and investigate glucose stability in serum, sodium fluoride (NaF/KOx) and Glucomedics tubes.

Samples from 40 participants were collected in serum, lithium-heparin (LiH), sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (NaF/KOx) and Glucomedics tubes. Glucose was measured within 60 min (baseline), 120 and 180 min from venipuncture. Serum, NaF/KOx and Glucomedics values at baseline were compared to LiH glucose concentration. Additionally, glucose values measured at 120 and 180 min from each tube were compared with the baseline value. Mean absolute bias for each tube and time point was calculated and compared to recommended criteria. The regression equation obtained comparing citrate to NaF/KOx tubes was used to recalculate glucose results retrieved from the laboratory information system.

Glucose measured in Glucomedics was higher (9.9%; p<0.001), while glucose in NaF/KOx and serum was lower compared to LiH (2.4%; p<0.001 and 3.2%; p<0.001, respectively). Biases for all tubes were clinically significant. Glucose remained unchanged at room temperature in all tubes for up to 180 min after venipuncture. Observed bias caused by Glucomedics leads to a 10.6% increase in diabetes prevalence (p<0.001).

Inhibition of glycolysis is most effectively achieved using liquid citrate acidification, compared to LiH, NaF/KOx or serum. Due to clinically significant bias relative to reference glucose, the interchangeable use of different tube types for serial glucose measurements is not recommended. The replacement of NaF/KOx with Glucomedics tubes substantially impacts glucose results, giving marked rise in diabetes prevalence.
„Wäre ich noch bei Kräften …!“ (εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ ἔτι ἐν δυνάμει ἦ …)
Authors: Quero-Sánchez Andrés
Published: July 2015

The article presents Plato’s Republic as a work arguing for the fundamental principles which constitute not - as Popper thought - a totalitarian state, but rather our own state, based on the rule of law. Plato is trying to develop here a new form of ‘Enlightenment’ (unlike the so-called ‘Sophistic Enlightenment’ he criticizes here) which we should see as a ‘revitalisation’ of traditional positions, which Plato thinks should be regenerated according to rational principles.
Über „Funktion“
Authors: Gutmann Mathias
Published: July 2015

The determination of specific limitations of biological descriptions, explanations and structuralisations presupposes a proper understanding of the methodical status of “function”. This is particularly relevant if biological knowledge is supposed to play a crucial argumentative role even beyond the limits of the empirical science. In such cases it is not easily determinable at which point purely empirical knowledge enters into the argument and where additional methodical and methodological aspects must be considered. This paper provides a methodological reconstruction of the functional form of biological knowledge itself, which is unfolded in three consecutive steps. The reconstruction starts with the determination of model-theoretical prerequisites of functional structuralisation of biotic entities as organisms. The second step explicates the logical grammar of functional and dysfunctional characters. Based upon this reconstruction, the systematic relation between the form of functional and evolutionary arguments is reconsidered. Finally some of the argumentative burdens are developed, which result from the use of biological language- and theory-particles being applied beyond the scope of validity that is and can be claimed for their proper use within their original life-scientific language game.
Thermally stable optically transparent copolymers of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane and N-phenyl maleimide with degradable ester linkages
Authors: Shi Yinfeng , Agarwal Seema
Published: July 2015

The copolymers of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) and N-phenyl maleimide (NPM) prepared by radical polymerization with high thermal stability, glass transition temperature and optical transparency are presented. The polymers made under specific reaction conditions, i.e., 120°C and high amounts of MDO, had degradable ester units, which were formed via radical ring-opening polymerization of MDO. The formation of charge-transfer complex between MDO and NPM also led to the formation of high-molar-mass copolymers by simple mixing and heating of monomers without the use of any initiator. Structural characterization of the copolymers including mechanistic studies was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.
The Legitimating Role of the Israeli High Court of Justice: From Occupation to Segregation
Authors: Weill Sharon
Published: July 2015

Since the early years of the occupation, Israel has promoted a settlement policy and encouraged Israeli Jewish citizens to live in new communities it established in the OPT. Over the years, the Israeli and Palestinian populations living in separated cities and villages, situated side by side, over the entire Occupied West Bank, have been placed under the jurisdiction of two different sets of laws. The creation of this segregated legal regime in the OPT was indispensable in order to keep the original Palestinian population subordinated to military rule, denied civil rights and any democratic representation, and to carry out the settlements policy of the State of Israel. This article demonstrates through a critical analysis of case law, how the Israeli High Court of Justice, through the selective use (and misuse) of the law of military occupation, not only has legitimatized the creation of a segregation regime in the OPT but also has actively contributed to its formation by providing the State with the necessary legal tools required to design and implement it.
Creep Behaviors Calculated by Varying Material Constants Obtained from Different Stress Regions for a Closed-End P91 Pipe
Authors: Yanping Zhao , Jianming Gong , Xiaowei Wang , Qingnan Li
Published: July 2015

In order to predict the creep life of a component at high temperature both accurately and economically, continuum damage mechanics approach is used based on experimental creep data. However, material constants used in the models have a great relationship with the performed stress range of creep tests. In this paper, several sets of material constants were obtained from a wide range of stresses on P91 steel. The creep damage tolerance parameter was used to classify these sets, and the modified continuum damage mechanics model was used to investigate a pipe under closed-end condition. Results have illustrated the main difference lies on the tertiary stage while slight difference on the primary and secondary stages, and the contribution of the tertiary stage to the total damage decreased when using material constants from higher stress region.
Particle Size Distribution of Food Boluses and Validation of Simulation During Artificial Indenter Crushing
Authors: Mao Qian , Sun Yonghai , Wang Lu , Yang Liu , Huang Bizhu , Chen Fangyuan , Guo Xiaolei
Published: July 2015

To study the effects of indenter surface shapes on the crushing of foods, a double-tooth indenter (DTI), a single-tooth indenter (STI), a cylinder-type indenter (CTI) and a wave-type indenter (WTI) were developed by simulating the crown of human molar. Crushing experiments and analysis of finite element simulation were done. Crushing effect was determined by the wet sieving and weighing method; numerial simulations were performed for the crush process using the non-linear contact finite element method. The results showed that the DTI yielded the smallest median size among the four indenters, and the granulometric characteristics of food bolus are similar to human boluses, have higher von Mises stress value than others, higher crush efficiency, bigger crush stress, more stress concentration area than others. The crushing efficiencies of STI and CTI are very close. This study can improve the indenter parameters of texture analyzers and optimize the design process of a food chewing robot.
Finite groups with complemented subgroups of prime orders
Authors: Monakhov Victor S. , Kniahina Viktoryia N.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we study finite groups with some complemented subgroups
of prime orders. We prove the p-supersolvability of a group with complemented
subgroups of order p, where p is the second smallest prime divisor
of the group order.
Cognitive impairment predicts social disability in persons with epilepsy
Authors: Bujarski Krzysztof A. , Wozniak Gabriella , Kobylarz Erik J.
Published: July 2015

Introduction.Cognitive dysfunction is one of the main comorbidities of epilepsy which co-exists with seizures and contributes to the adverse impact of the disease on employment, education and interpersonal relationships. A fundamental question regarding cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy goes as follows: in comparison to seizures, what role does cognitive dysfunction play in causing social disability? The purpose of this review was to evaluate our understanding of the role cognitive impairment plays in social disability in persons with epilepsy (PWE). We systematically searched the medical literature and identified studies which assessed the impact of seizures and cognitive function on some aspect of social disability in PWE.

Results and Discussion.We identified 12 studies which adequately measured all variables in non-surgical cohorts, and 9 studies of cohorts following epilepsy surgery. We found evidence from non-surgical and from surgical series that cognitive variables strongly correlate with levels of social disability.

Conclusions.We conclude that efforts to better understand the origins of cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy and subsequently at developing treatment modalities will be needed in order to reduce the degree of social disability caused by the condition.
Syriac into Middle Iranian: A Translation Studies Approach to Sogdian and Pahlavi Manuscripts within the Church of the East
Authors: Barbati Chiara
Published: July 2015

Based on a corpus coming from the Turfan oasis (in present-day Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China) and consisting of Christian Middle Iranian literature in several languages (Middle Persian, Syriac and Sogdian) and scripts (East Syriac, Pahlavi and secular Sogdian), the present paper is aimed at identifying and outlining the translation techniques for the transmission of religious knowledge, based on a literary tradition as well as on a manuscript tradition, from one context to another. The religious knowledge is that which belongs to the “Church of the East” and which is written in its official liturgical language, i.e. Syriac in East Syriac script. The general context is that of the missionary activities of the “Church of the East” along the Silk road between late Antiquity and early Middle Age. The particular context is that of the converted Iranian communities.
Evaluation of CO2 laser efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a group of 10 Sudanese patients
Authors: Osman Ali M. , Almuslet Nafie A.
Published: July 2015

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a protozoal skin disease, transmitted by the bite of an infected female sand fly. The result of infection can vary from a chronic skin ulcer to erosive mucosal disease. The disease is endemic in Sudan, persists for longer periods and heals with disfiguring scars. The use of lasers has not been extensively tried out in the treatment of this disease. The present case study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a fractional CO

The ulcers of 10 randomly selected Sudanese patients, diagnosed as CL patients, were ablated using a 10,600 nm CO

The majority of the patients (8 out of 10) had either a complete or very good improvement by the end of follow-up. Pain occurred post-operatively in all patients, while edema, infection and hypo/hyperpigmentation occurred in only two patients. These side effects were trivial and disappeared a few days after treatment.

The fractional CO
Compression and shear behavior of epoxy SA 80 bulk adhesive over wide ranges of strain rate
Authors: Challita Georges , Othman Ramzi , Khalil Khaled
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with the experimental characterization of a bulk adhesive fracture in the quasi-static range using a conventional machine and at high strain rates using the Hopkinson bar technique. For very high strain rates, the direct impact Hopkinson bar technique is used. The studied adhesive is a toughened epoxy which can be used for impact resistance in bonded assemblies. It is worth studying the adhesive sensitivity to strain rate as a bulk material in order to distinguish between its response within a structure when used to bond substrates and its response as pure material. Experiments were carried out under compression and shear loadings. A special grip was conceived to mount the specimen for shear tests. In both loading types, this adhesive was found to be highly strain-rate-sensitive. The adhesive strength increases with strain rate until reaching a maximum value then it drops for very high strain rates. Although this behavior is uncommon, it has been reported already in three previous works.
The use of prothetic /v/ by older speakers in Prague
Authors: Chromý Jan
Published: July 2015

The aim of this paper is to analyze linguistic factors which influence the usage of prothetic /v/ in speech of older speakers in Prague. The analysis is based on informal 1 hour long interviews with 17 speakers (9 women, 8 men) from Prague aged between 60 and 71 years. All of the speakers were born in Prague and they lived there for most of their lives. Altogether, there are 2769 occurrences of the variable (v): 538 /Ø/ and 2231 /v/. It can be seen that the speakers in the sample prefer using the prothetic /v/. Based on a generalized linear mixed model, we show that the use of (v) is influenced by word frequency, presence of a prefix and borrowedness of the word. Other variables do not fit in the model. If compared with older data by Jančák (1974) and the recent data on younger speakers from Prague by Chromý (2015), it can be seen that there is a change in progress in the use of (v) in Prague and that the prothetic /v/ seems to be on slow decline.
Accent evaluation from extemporaneous child speech
Authors: García Lecumberri María Luisa , Cooke Martin , Bryant Christopher
Published: July 2015

A key issue in judging foreign accent is to isolate the phonetic component from potentially confounding higher-level factors such as grammatical or prosodic errors which arise when using natural sentence-length speech material. The current study evaluated accent and intelligibility ratings of children’s speech for isolated words spliced out of extemporaneous material elicited via a picture description task. Experiment 1 demonstrated that word scores and accent ratings provided by native judges pattern as in earlier studies, validating the use of word-based material derived from natural speech. In a second experiment, listeners rated the degree of foreign accent and comprehensibility for unrelated sequences of 1 to 8 words from the same talker. Degree of foreign accent was judged to increase with sequence length, asymptoting by 2 word sequences, although listeners did not rate the sequence based on the most-accented word it contains. Comprehensibility was judged to be lower as sequence length increased, asymptoting at 4 words. These findings suggest that short sequences of randomly-permuted words extracted from extemporaneous speech can be used for robust accent and comprehensibility judgements whose focus is on the phonetic basis for deviations from the native norm.
The Effect of Roads on the Movement of Large and Mid-sized Mammals
Authors: Saklaurs Marcis , Baltmanis Raivis
Published: July 2015

Infrastructure development is one of the major threats to biodiversity in the forest. Roads are barriers which restrict the movement of animals. It is therefore urgent to explore characteristics of mammal life associated with forest road crossings. Mammals cross forest roads very rarely compared to the intensity of their movement within the forest. Data sets were created by observing footprints in the snow. The study concludes that forest roads are not an insurmountable obstacle for medium and large mammals.
Investigation of the crystal structures of N-(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzenesulfonamide and N-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
Authors: Suchetan Parameshwar Adimule , Sreenivasa Swamy , Srivishnu Kalavala Shivaprakash , Lakshmikantha Hanumanahalli Nagaraju , Supriya Gundagallu Madanagopalareddy , Naveen Shivalingegowda , Lokanath Neratur Krishnappagowda
Published: July 2015

The crystal structures of two closely related compounds, namely, N-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-benzenesulfonamide (I) and N-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (II) are investigated by analysing the packing patterns and intermolecular interactions, and also by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The crystal structure of each of (I) and (II) displays a two-dimensional architecture. Hirshfeld surfaces comprising dnorm surface and 2D fingerprint plots were analysed for both molecules in order to understand the relationship between the crystal structures. The analysis shows that the lengths of the observed hydrogen bonds and other intermolecular interactions in (II) are relatively shorter than those observed in (I). Further, the analysis demonstrates the predominant participation of the sulfonyl-O atom and the carbonyl-O atom as the hydrogen bond acceptors in (I) and (II), respectively.
Hydrogen bonding induced polymorphism in the scandium(III) complex with ε-caprolactam
Authors: Virovets Alexander V. , Cherkasova Elizaveta V. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Cherkasova Tatjana G.
Published: July 2015

Two polymorphs of [Sc(cpl)6][Cr(NCS)6] (cpl=ε- C6H11NO), trigonal and monoclinic, form purple elongated narrow plates and brownish-purple prisms and are formed concomitantly irrespectively of the crystallization conditions. In the trigonal polymorph both cation and anion possess C
3i
site symmetry while in the monoclinic form cation and anion lie on inversion centre and 2-fold axis respectively. The nature of the polymorphism traces back to a redistribution of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds that causes different conformation of the complex cations, different hydrogen bonding and different molecular packings. The [Sc(cpl)6]3+ cations in the structure of the trigonal polymorph form intermolecular N(H)…S, and in the monoclinic form both N(H)…S inter- and N(H)…O intramolecular hydrogen bonds with NCS groups of [Cr(NCS)6]3− and cpl ligands. This aggregation leads to chains, where the cations and the anions alternate, in the trigonal modification and to layers, in which each ion is surrounded by four counterions, in the monoclinic form. Both polymorphs possess thermochromic properties, and a reversible color change from light purple to dark green takes place at 470–475 K.
Dirac Equation with Mixed Scalar–Vector–Pseudoscalar Linear Potential under Relativistic Symmetries
Authors: Tokmehdashi Hadi , Rajabi Ali Akbar , Hamzavi Majid
Published: July 2015

In the presence of spin and pseudospin (p-spin) symmetries, the approximate analytical bound states of the Dirac equation, which describes the motion of a spin-1/2 particle in 1+1 dimensions for mixed scalar–vector–pseudoscalar linear potential are investigated. The Nikiforov–Uvarov (NU) method is used to obtain energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions in their closed forms.
Synthesis and characterization of silver(I) complexes of thioureas and thiocyanate: crystal structure of polymeric (1,3-diazinane-2-thione)thiocyanato silver(I)
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Isab Anvarhusein A. , Afzal Fozia , Raza Kashif , Muhammad Shah , Hanif Muhammad , Ahmad Sajjad , Gul Tahira , Ahmad Saeed
Published: July 2015

Silver(I) complexes of thioureas and thiocyanate, [(Tu)AgSCN], [(Metu)AgSCN], [(Dmtu)AgSCN], [(Tmtu)(AgSCN)1.5], [(Imt)AgSCN], and [(Diaz)AgSCN] (where Tu = thiourea, Metu = N-methylthiourea, Dmtu = N,N′-dimethylthiourea, Tmtu = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylthiourea, Imt = 1,3-imidazolidine-2-thione, and Diaz = 1,3-diazinane-2-thione), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The crystal structure of one of them, [(Diaz)Ag(SCN)] (1), was determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of 1 shows that the complex exists in the form of a chain-like polymer comprising [Ag(μ
2-Diaz)(μ
2-SCN)] units. The silver atoms are bridged by μ
2-thione sulfur atoms of Diaz and μ
2-thiocyanate sulfur atoms. Thereby each silver atom adopts a distorted tetrahedral coordination environment comprising four sulfur atoms, two from thione and two from thiocyanate ligands. An upfield shift in the >C=S resonance of thiones in 13C NMR and a downfield shift in the N–H resonance in 1H NMR are consistent with the sulfur coordination to silver(I). The appearance of a band around 2100 cm–1 in the IR and a resonance around 125 ppm in the 13C NMR spectrum indicates the binding of thiocyanate to silver(I).
On the Edge
Authors: Fox William L.
Published: July 2015

This essay is an exploration of cognitive principles of the liminal in photography as seen through the work of Dutch photographer Marie-José Jongerius and her images of California and the American West.
Manifesting Destiny
Authors: Gleaton Tony
Published: July 2015

Manifesting Destiny is a work in progress by photographer Tony Gleaton. It is a historical examination of African-descended people in the greater Trans-Mississippi West, and an attempt to counter the notion that Africans in North America, both enslaved and free, owe their historical beginnings and foothold on this continent solely to the settlements along the eastern seaboard of the United States. In this article, Gleaton chronicles the interactions, failures, accomplishments, and misdeeds of people who were part of the African diaspora in California. Through photographs and accompanying text he identifies the locations of particular events and explains what transpired there.
Instant, Insistent History
Authors: White Richard
Published: July 2015

All photographs are historical photographs. Whether they existed for seconds or millennia before the shutter clicks, the objects in the frame all have a history. Without knowing that history, photographs can become dead objects, untethered in time and space. The author uses contemporary photographs of Tulare County and archival and contemporary photographs of F Ranch in Point Reyes to show how the history of a landscape is revealed.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EM4 (Effective Microorganism-4) PADA PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DARI ECENG GONDOK DAN RUMEN SAPI
Authors: Megawati Megawati
Published: July 2015

Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) merupakan tanaman yang menjadi limbah perairan dan keberadaannya belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Kandungan selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin di dalamnya dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi biogas melalui proses fermentasi. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh EM4 (Effective Microorganism- 4) terhadap massa, nilai kalor, dan kecepatan pembentukan biogas dari eceng gondok. Percobaan dilakukan dalam anaerobic digester berukuran 4 liter, bahan baku yang digunakan adalah eceng gondok, rumen sapi, dan air dengan variabel penambahan EM4 sebesar 1% dan 0%. Fermentasi dilakukan secara batch dengan pengukuran gas (temperatur, tekanan, dan massa) setiap 7 hari sekali sampai hari ke-35. Sebelum proses fermentasi, dilakukan pengujian terhadap rasio C/N campuran bahan baku. Pembakaran gas dilakukan untuk membuktikan gas yang didapat mengandung metana. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio C/N untuk variabel dengan penambahan EM4 1% sebesar 5,33 dan rasio C/N untuk variabel dengan penambahan EM4 0% sebesar 7. Jadi, penambahan EM4 dapat menurunkan rasio C/N. Sementara itu, hasil fermentasinya memperlihatkan bahwa EM4 memperkecil produksi biogas meskipun proses pembentukannya cepat. Massa total biogas yang didapat pada variabel EM4 1% sebesar 1,1 g dan variabel EM4 0% sebesar 1,55 g. Tekanan
biogas mengalami fluktuasi (pada variabel EM4 1% sebesar 35,6 cmH2O, sedangkan pada variabel EM4 0% sebesar 40,6 cmH2O). Berdasarkan simulasi menggunakan chemical process simulator software, diketahui heating value biogas sebesar 39.180 kJ/kg.

 

Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) is a plant that becomes waste and its existence has not been widely used. Content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in it can be converted into biogas through a process of fermentation. Study examines the effect of EM4 (Effective Microorganism-4) on the mass, heating value, and the rate of formation of biogas from water hyacinth. An experiments were performed in anaerobic digesters size of 4 liters, the raw material used is water hyacinth, cow's rumen, and water with variable of EM4 addition of 1% and 0%. Fermentation was carried out in batch condition with gas measurement (temperature, pressure, and mass) every 7 days until the 35th day. Before fermentation, the C/N ratio of raw material mixture was analyzed. The gas was burnt to prove that the obtained gas containing methane. Results showed that the C/N ratio for the variable with the addition EM4 1% is 5.33 and C/N ratio for the variable with the addition EM4 0% is 7. Thus, the addition of EM4 can reduce C/N ratio. Despite the formation process is rapid, the results showed that EM4 reduce the biogas production. Total mass of biogas obtained at variable
EM4 1% is 1.1 g and variable EM4 0% is 1,55 g. Biogas pressure is fluctuated (at variable EM4 1% is 35.6 cmH2O, EM4 0% is 40.6 cmH2O). Based on simulation using the chemical process simulator software, it is known that biogas heating value is 39,180 kJ/kg.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SEKAM PADI MENJADI SILIKA GEL
Authors: Handayani Prima Astuti , Nurjanah Eko , Rengga Wara Dyah Pita
Published: July 2015

Sekam padi merupakan salah satu sumber penghasil silika terbesar, berpotensi sebagai bahan pembuatan silika gel. Abu sekam padi mengandung silika sebanyak 87%-97% berat kering. Sintesis silika gel dari abu sekam padi dilakukan dengan mereaksikan abu sekam padi menggunakan larutan NaOH 1N pada suhu 800C selama 1 jam dan dilanjutkan dengan penambahan larutan asam hingga pH=7. Gel yang dihasilkan selanjutnya didiamkan selama 18 jam kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu dikeringkan menggunakan oven pada suhu 800C hingga beratnya konstan. Hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa silika gel dengan penambahan CH3COOH menghasilkan yield yang lebih besar dibandingkan penambahan HCl. Berdasarkan analisis FT-IR silika gel yang diperoleh memiliki gugus Si-O-Si dan gugus Si-OH. Silika gel dengan penambahan HCl memiliki surface area sebesar 65,558 m2/g, total pore volume 0,1935 cc/g, dan average pore size sebesar 59,0196 Å. Sedangkan silika gel dengan penambahan CH3COOH memiliki surface area sebesar 9,685 m2/g, total pore volume 0,02118 cc/g, dan average pore size sebesar 43,7357Å. Silika gel dengan penambahan
CH3COOH memiliki kemampuan menyerap kelembaban udara yang lebih baik dibanding silika gel dengan penambahan HCl.

 

Rice hull ash (RHA) is one of the biggest source of silica, potential for sintesis silica gel. RHA contains silica as many as 87 % -97 %. Synthesis of silica gel from rice hull ash was done by reaction using NaOH solution at temperature 800C for 1 hour and followed by the addition of an acid solution until pH=7. The gel were rested with time aging 18 hour, and then dried using oven at temperature 800C until constant weigh. The results obtained that the silica gel with the addition of CH3COOH produce higher yields than the addition of HCl. Based on FT-IR analysis, silica gel has a group of silanol (Si-`OH) and siloxan (Si-O-Si) group. Silica gel with the addition of HCl has a surface area 65,558 m2/g, a total pore volume 0,1935 cc/g, and average pore size 59,0196 Å. While the silica gel with the addition of CH3COOH has a surface area 9.685 m2/g, a total pore volume 0,02118 cc/g, and average pore size 43,7357 Å. Silica gel with the addition of CH3COOH
has the ability to absorb humidity better than silica gel with the addition of HCl.