bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrastructural analysis and restriction in the evolution of weather systems
Authors: OuYang Shoucheng , Peng Taoy‐Yong , Xiao Tian‐Gui , Lin Yi , Miao Jinhai
Published: July 2006

After many years’ practice and experiments, it was found that quantitative analysis systems with unequal quantitative effect cannot be extended into that with equal quantitative effect. While it is related to such epistemological viewpoints as irregularity and continuity systems, an infrastructural form comparison has shown universally scientific and methodological characteristics. In combination with evolution of weather systems, our infrastructural analysis involves applications of super low temperatures, reversed information order, rolling currents infrastructure in reversal weather change and long‐term weather forecasting.
Fuzzy dynamical systems in epidemic modelling
Authors: Regina Siqueira Ortega Neli , Cesar Sallum Paulo , Massad Eduardo
Published: July 2006

Proposes an application of fuzzy set theory to model epidemiological problems. Fuzzy logic has been revealed as a powerful predictive tool in the epidemiology of infectious diseases and some ideas are presented on how this could be done. This work presents an attempt to model the dynamics of rabies among a population of partially vaccinated dogs. This study demonstrates how a dynamical system can be modelled by fuzzy linguistic rules compared to the classical differential equations approach. The results are very encouraging and the approach through a more complex dynamical system is discussed in the final section.
The existence of α‐dense curves with minimal length in a metric space
Authors: Ziadi A. , Cherruault Y. , Mora G.
Published: July 2006

Some results concerning the existence of α‐dense curves with minimal length are given. This type of curves used in the reducing transformation called Alienor was invented by Cherruault and Guillez. They have been applied to global optimization in the following way: a multivariable optimization problem is transformed in an optimization problem depending on a single variable. Then this idea was extended by Cherruault and his team for obtaining general classes of reducing transformations having minimal properties (length of the α‐dense curves, minimization of the calculus time, etc.).
Sleep‐wakefulness cycle of a guinea‐pig as a model of a biosensor
Authors: Gvilia Irma D. , Kochladze Manana Z. , Darchia Nato D. , Oniani Tengiz N.
Published: July 2006

Considers the guinea‐pig to be a classical representative of “poor sleepers”. Introduces the sleep‐wakefulness cycle (SWC) and explains why the animal could become a multi‐component biosensor. Describes experiments and analyses the results of using popular drugs with the animal. Outlines the methods used and the results obtained; discusses them and provides an evaluation of the present series of experiments. Indicates how standard biosensors allow the measurement, imitation and modelling of complicated bioprocesses.
Organisations as social systems: the search for a systemic theory of organisational innovation processes
Authors: Johannessen Jon‐Arild
Published: July 2006

Attempts to develop a conceptual model for analysing organisations as social systems from a systemic point of view. Develops aspects of a general theory for organisational innovation. Deliberates the way in which systemic thinking can be used as a means to understand, explain and predict stability and innovation in organisations regarded as social systems. Uses social autopoiesis theory expressed through an analytical model, conceptual models, and propositions.
Hemispheric basis for Efron’s scanning theory
Authors: Fidelman Uri
Published: July 2006

Applies the analytic‐synthetic dichotomy of hemispheric functioning suggested by Levy‐Agresti and Sperry to explain the chunking theory of Miller. Constructs a theory of cognition, based on cerebral functions which were discovered through hemispheric differences. Shows that all the arguments of Efron against the hemispheric paradigm are merely “puzzles” that can be solved within this paradigm. New findings of Efron and Yund were, in fact, predicted by a component of this theory.
On the decomposition method to the heat equation with non‐linear and non‐local boundary conditions
Authors: Hadizadeh M. , Maleknejad K.
Published: July 2006

The Adomian decomposition method is used and applied to the mathematical model of a biosensor. This model consists of a heat equation with non‐linear and non‐local boundary conditions. To obtain a canonical form of Adomian, an equivalent non‐linear Volterra integral equation with a weakly singular kernel is set up. In addition, the asymptotic behaviour of the solution as t → 0 and t → • by asymptotic decomposition is obtained. Finally, numerical results are given which support the theoretical results.
Cybernetic interrelationships: an empirical study with respect to Bangladesh ecology
Authors: Shahadat Hossain Mohammad , Alam Choudhury Masudul , Mohiuddin Mohammed
Published: July 2006

Ecological interrelationships are shown to be a vast web of knowledge‐induced interactions among variables that define physical environment in terms of the human environment as well. The understanding of such interrelationships is exemplified empirically by means of Bangladesh environmental problems involving coastal deforestation, siltation, floods, temperature variations, cyclones and tidal waves. Unless a balance is maintained among these conditions through appropriate planning, an ecological chaos is seen to be forthcoming for Bangladesh. Requisite policy recommendations are suggested from the empirical study based on a cybernetic approach. On the other hand, China provides a good example of how to transform entropic ecological conditions to reversible ones.
A recursive partitioning algorithm for matrix inversion on parallel computers
Authors: Östermark Ralf
Published: July 2006

In the present study we introduce a new recursive matrix inversion (RMI) algorithm for a distributed memory computer. The RMI algorithm was designed to meet the requirements of high performance flexible software for implementing different parallel optimization algorithms. Special consideration has been taken to ensure the usability and portability of the algorithm. The results we present show that a significant improvement in performance is attainable over the LU‐factorization algorithm included in the LAPACK library.
Using the Dempster‐Shafer orthogonal sum for reasoning which involves space
Authors: Bell D.A. , Guan J.W. , Shapcott C.M.
Published: July 2006

The Dempster‐Shafer theory of evidence gives a solid basis for reasoning about situations characterized by uncertainty. A key feature of the theory is that propositions are represented as subsets of a set which is called a hypothesis space. This power set along with the set operations is a Boolean algebra. The theory has previously been shown to cover other Boolean algebras including collections of objects such as propositions. The practical advantages of this generalization are that increased flexibility of representation is allowed and that the performance of evidence accumulation can be enhanced. The objects of interest here are geometric forms, and we can encode rectangular and other shaped forms using hexadecimal numbers according to shapes and positions. Boolean algebra of such shapes can then be used directly in evidential reasoning exercised. Discusses how medical and other fields can gain from this approach.
A cybernetic exploration of methodological complementarism
Authors: Yolles Maurice
Published: July 2006

The systems domain maintains methodologies for inquiring into problem situations in order to introduce intervention for some purpose or other. In general each derives from a distinct paradigm that some suggest represents a condition of fragmentation. We offer a way of seeing systems methodologies holistically and cybernetically from a relationship between paradigms and weltanschauungen.
Conjecture on law of conservation of informational infrastructure
Authors: Ren Zhenqiu , Lin Yi , OuYang Shoucheng
Published: July 2006

An intuitive understanding of the concept of general systems is drawn. Based on this understanding, a law of conservation is guessed. To further confirm our guesswork, some aspects of quantum physics, astronomy, meteorology, multi‐body systems, chemistry, etc. are looked into with new understandings drawn. Then, an analytical presentation of the so‐called law of conservation of informational infrastructure is given. At the end, various promising impacts of the proposed law of conservation are considered.
A combinatorial study of the growing altitude elementary paths of the plane lattice Z2
Authors: Dachraoui T. , Cherruault Y. , Reiss C.
Published: July 2006

In this work we prove that a relationship exists between the elementary paths of the plane lattice Z2 and those with growing altitude. Fortunately it is possible to make a more complete combinatorial study of the Z2 growing altitude elementary paths and in particular those with barrier. From this combinatorial study we have established an important relationship permitting the calculation of the number of growing altitude elementary paths with barrier and of given length.
Communications and forum
Authors: Li Yongli , Zhang JiHiu , Li Chuan
Published: July 2006

In this paper, we further study the topological properties of sets in information systems, investigate the point of accumulation, connected set and connectivity of sets in information systems and property of function.
Brain cybernetics ‐ models and theories
Authors: Skyttner Lars
Published: July 2006

Being the most complex cybernetic regulatory mechanism existing in the universe, the human brain has given birth to a plethora of theories and models. In this paper, some of the most important ideas of the area are discussed together with appurtenant concepts like emotions, feelings, and morality. A conclusion was that in comparison with other animals, human beings are physically slow and ineffective. Moreover, human beings are very subjective with senses easily saturated by information. In spite of these shortcomings, thanks to his self‐conscious and error‐tolerant brain, man has turned out to be extremely successful, specialized in the weighing of uncertainty and making creative associations between different objects.
Fuzzy clustering preprocessor in neural classifiers
Authors: Bortolan Giovanni , Pedrycz Witold
Published: July 2006

Radial basis function (RBF) neural networks form an essential category of architectures of neurocomputing. They exhibit interesting and useful properties of stable and fast learning associated with significant generalization capabilities. This successful performance of RBF neural networks can be attributed to the use of a collection of properly selected RBFs. In this way this category of the networks strongly relies on some domain knowledge about a classification problem at hand. Following this vein, this study introduces fuzzy clustering, and fussy isodata, in particular, as an efficient tool aimed at constructing receptive fields of RBF neural networks. It is shown that the functions describing these fields are completely derived as a by‐product of fuzzy clustering and do not require any further tedious refinements. The efficiency of the design is illustrated with the use of synthetic two‐dimensional data as well as real‐world highly dimensional ECG patterns. The classification of the latter data set clearly points out advantages of RBF neural networks in pattern recognition problems.
The theoretic calculation time associated to α‐dense curves
Authors: Mora Gaspar , Cherruault Yves
Published: July 2006

The theoretic calculation time associated to every α‐dense curve into a fixed H of Rn is inversely proportional to the discretization step depending on the length of the curve and, more directly, of the derivatives of its coordinate functions. For a given degree of density α, it is interesting to seek curves into H which may minimize the theoretic calculation time and then to solve the practical problem of computing approximations for global optimization of a given continuous function defined in H, by means of its restriction over a family of curves with the same degree of density into the cube H.
On the asymptotic distribution of maximum likelihood estimators with doubly censored data
Authors: Esteban  , Morales D.
Published: July 2006

A method of estimating lifetime parameters from doubly censored data is given on the basis of the maximum likelihood principle. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is established. When the observation window is defined by the interval of time between the first and the pth events in a homogeneous Poisson process, asymptotic variances and efficiencies are analyzed assuming exponential lifetime distribution.
Reconstruction of non‐logical axioms from the propositions of multi‐agent doxastic logic
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew I.
Published: July 2006

There is a collective of locally communicating agents. They believe in some facts of their world. Any agent changes their beliefs depending on the beliefs of their neighbours. Which rules are to be followed? Based on the agent analogy, this paper shows how to extract non‐logical axioms and structural features of the formal doxastic system with temporal instantiation from given inference of a formula, i.e. series of the propositions.
A method of unfolding the cerebral cortex or any other folded surface
Authors: Brennig James D.
Published: July 2006

Presents a method for unfolding the cerebral cortex and other folded surfaces. Discusses the problem of unfolding such surfaces and gives examples of its complexity. Proposes an algorithm and suggests software implementation. Considers the presumed functions on cortical surface and discusses clinical applications.
Optimization and optimal control for life sciences
Authors: Cherruault Yves
Published: July 2006

We describe two new methods: the global optimization method ALIENOR and the decompositional method of Adomian. Then we show how they can be applied to models identification and to optimal control of biological processes.
Solving frontier problems of physics by decomposition method: a new approach
Authors: Mavoungou T. , Cherruault Y.
Published: July 2006

This paper outlines a computational method for solving differential equations (PDE) written in canonical form including Dirichlet’s conditions on a bounded domain of R2. The problem is expressed in terms of minimization of a quadratic functional, then solved numerically by the decomposition method.
The structural model of general systems and its proof
Authors: Lin Fuyong , Edwin Cheng T.C.
Published: July 2006

Based on several new concepts, this paper mathematically deduces a new model of general systems, namely, the structural model of general systems. By its mathematical analysis, the principles and laws of general systems can be mathematically achieved, which can not only help scientists achieve a better understanding and control of complex systems in nature and society but also be applied to solve particular scientific problems, and thus a problem‐oriented and mathematically expressed general systems theory, namely, the structural theory of general systems, would be achieved.
Communications and forum
Authors: Fidelman Uri
Published: July 2006

Robinson and Behbehani (1997) contended against Fidelman (1996) and argued that neural transmission errors influence neither EEG nor intelligence. They also contended the suggestion of Fidelman (1996) that the mean hemisphericity of a sample may determine the sign of the correlation between IQ and the averaged evoked potentials (AEP) measures of string length and amplitude. These contentions are answered.
Systemic thinking as the philosophical foundation for knowledge management and organizational learning
Authors: Johanessen Jon‐Arild , Olaisen Johan , Olsen Bjørn
Published: July 2006

In this article we will discuss the link between systemic thinking, organizational learning and knowledge management. We will develop a conceptual model to illustrate and explain this link, which will be further discussed throughout the article. The main entities of this model are: emphasis on internal motivation, relations in and among systems, in addition to the development of vision, generation of ideas and creativity. The philosophical basis for this model is systemic thinking. We will thus explain the meaning of this way of thinking, before we discuss the individual elements of the conceptual model.
On fuzzy recognizers
Authors: Malik D.S. , Mordeson John N.
Published: July 2006

In this paper, we define and examine the concept of a fuzzy recognizer. If L(M) is the language recognized by an incomplete fuzzy recognizer M, we show that there is a completion M of M such that L(M) = L(M). We also show that if A is a recognizable set of words, then there is a complete accessible fuzzy recognizer MA such that L(MA) = A. We lay groundwork to determine rational decompositions of recognizable sets.
A look at why information systems fail
Authors: Liebowitz Jay
Published: July 2006

With the year 2000 approaching, there is great concern about the Y2K (Year 2000) changes needed in information systems (IS) code so that these information systems will not fail or cause harm when 2000 approaches. This concern has prompted this paper to examine the work that is being done on why information systems fail. The paper provides some background on some of the leading work being conducted in this area, and then discusses the results of a recent survey by the author that looks at IS failures.
The decomposition method applied to the Cauchy problem
Authors: Abbaoui K. , Cherruault Y.
Published: July 2006

In this paper, we use the decomposition method for solving the Cauchy problem without using the canonical form of Adomian. We also give proof of convergence by using a new formulation of the Adomain polynomials and we compare our technique with the Picard method.
The science of human and social processes: an introduction to vytvorology
Authors: Brozyna Janusz
Published: July 2006

Vytvorology, which is an exact science of human processes, offers new, acute and reliable research possibilities in this field of human and social processes. Describes briefly how the difficulties, that have made the creation of a modern theory of society and civilization impossible for decades, are now overcome. Furthermore, the paper characterizes the fundamental elements of this new analysis method applied to the human individual and to the social examination of processes; it also presents some important results for the practice of politics. Hence, it gives a vision of human and social processes that is a coherent whole with the description of the material Universe made by physics. This method permits not only the development of the general civilization theory and the analysis of the material aspect of our life, but also the spiritual aspect of human beings, setting a very thorough and coherent image of human presence on Earth in unity with the Universe.
Applying successive improvement transformations for intelligent problem solving
Authors: Lee Edward T. , Lee Madonna E.
Published: July 2006

An improvement transformation is a transformation which has the following two properties, namely, (1) after applying it, all the already achieved subgoals are still being accomplished and (2) additional new subgoals or partial new subgoals may be accomplished. By using improvement transformations, an intelligent problem‐solving method is presented with illustrative examples. This method consists of three parts: (1) goal decomposition and subgoal ordering; (2) successive improvement transformations; and (3) backtrack algorithms. The intelligent problem‐solving method using successive improvement transformations may have useful applications in goal decomposition, goal regression, genetic algorithms, robotics, and future expert system design.
Adaptive prediction: a sequential approach to forecasting and estimation of nonstationary environmental systems
Authors: Papakyriazis Artemis , Papakyriazis Panagiotis
Published: July 2006

The interplay between prediction and estimation is crucial in adaptive prediction problems. In its general form, the adaptive prediction problem is a difficult multiperiod optimization problem and thus too complex for practical applications. By minimizing the one‐step‐ahead forecasting error, subject to a constraint on the (weighted) trace of the inverse on the one‐step‐ahead information matrix we arrive at a very simple approach, which should be interesting for more complex situations also. In the context suggesting the problem, a pollution dispersion model with time‐varying parameters is considered, and the target is to obtain a sensible and easily implementable adaptive predictor.
Application of the decomposition method to the understanding of HIV immune dynamics
Authors: Adjedj Brigitte
Published: July 2006

The Adomian’s technique is used for solving differential systems for modeling the HIV immune dynamics (or immune response). We also compare both models for determining the most computable one. A solution of the Marchuk‐Petrov‐Belykh model and one using a simplified model are presented together with some conclusions.
Bionics: psychocybernetics of the human memory ‐ Part IV: modelling of the human long‐term memory
Authors: Mrchev Simeon J.
Published: July 2006

Presents research on human memory modelling. Gives a description of the memory process (as a whole) in its functional details by means of adding, processing and synthesizing psychological data using the creation of a model base. Compares the created psychological equivalent with the adequate mathematical‐algorithmic multi‐apparatus descriptions. Presents the program‐developed human memory model as a precondition for micro‐electronic realizations (robot technique, computers and other bionic‐cybernetical systems).
Similarity‐driven pictorial database design using entity‐relationship approach
Authors: Lee Edward T. , Lee Madonna E.
Published: July 2006

The entity‐relationship approach is applied to similarity‐driven pictorial database design. The capabilities and the limitations of computers are presented. Advantages of the entity‐relationship approach, and similarity‐driven pictorial database design are also presented. Classification of pictures, similarity‐driven face databases, chromosome databases, leukocyte databases are investigated. Quantitative measure of equal‐perimeter circular shape, equal‐area circular shape, elongated, spiculed, indented, slightly indented, and deeply indented leukocytes are also investigated. The entity‐relationship diagrams of a house, a house with high roof, and a church are shown as illustrative examples of this approach. The class of elongated isosceles triangles is viewed as a “fuzzy entity”. Topics for future research are also stated. The results have useful applications in data engineering, knowledge engineering, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, fuzzy language theory, computer graphics, expert systems and pictorial database design.
An incongruous imprecise reasoning model and its abstract reasoning algorithms based on pansystems methodology
Authors: Chen Wu
Published: July 2006

In this paper, the author puts forward an incongruous imprecise reasoning model in expert systems from the viewpoints of pansystems methodology and suggests some new algebra algorithms for propagating uncertainty factors in this model. It identifies the existing reasoning models and provides some new ideas about reasoning and computing.
From fuzzy information processing to fuzzy communication channels
Authors: Pedrycz W. , Roventa E.
Published: July 2006

The concept of fuzzy information becomes a cornerstone of processing and handling linguistic data. As opposed to processing of numeric information where there is a wealth of advanced methods, by entering the area of linguistic information processing we are immediately faced with a genuine need to revisit the fundamental concepts. We first review a notion of information granularity as a primordial concept playing a key role in human cognition. Dwelling on that, the study embarks on the concept of interacting at the level of fuzzy sets. In particular, we discuss a basic construct of a fuzzy communication channel. The ideas of communication exploiting fuzzy information call for its efficient encoding and decoding that subsequently leads to minimal losses of transmitted information. Interestingly enough, the incurred losses depend heavily on the granularity of the linguistic information involved – in this way one can take advantage of the uncertainty residing within the transmitted information granules and exploit it in the design of the corresponding channel.
Norbert Wiener and new trends in cybernetics development (with emphasis on homeostatics)
Authors: Astafyev V.I. , Gorsky Yu.M. , Yolkov L.N.
Published: July 2006

After relatively a short period of neglect, cybernetics has been recognized in the former USSR and attracted a broad range of scientists. A brief review of some cybernetical researches in the former USSR and in modern Russia is presented. On the basis of Arturo Rosenblueth and Norbert Wiener’s concept of homeostasis, a special approach to studying systems of various kinds has been formed in the last ten years. A brief picture of the main features of this approach, called “Homeostatics” and its results during the last five years, is displayed. In the line of Stafford Beer the foremost attention is paid to social systems and organizations, their control and survivability. A few other important cybernetical directions in the Russian science, such as artificial intelligence and informatization, are described.
A multiperiod firm model for strategic decision support
Authors: Östermark Ralf , Söderlund Kenneth
Published: July 2006

This paper develops and applies a linear, deterministic, multiperiod firm model for strategic planning. The key property of our model is the simplicity of generating optimal firm strategies. Our purpose is to maximize the discounted value of net income and dividend payouts. The key decision variables are investments, new loans, new issues, loan repayments, dividend payments, depreciations and the level of operations (i.e. turnover). The financial constraints include bounds for the decision variables, some fundamental requirements such as nonnegativity of assets and liabilities and, finally, some balance sheet and income statement relationships. Our model has been tested on some major Finnish firms and it seems to give reliable results. With the data of our sample firm for this paper, optimal dividends and optimal net income presuppose different strategies. When optimizing dividends the model balances between investing and paying out dividends, while optimizing net income results in an intensive investment program. Even if our sample firm is but one case, the results are indicative of some fundamental principles governing management decision making. The firm model was designed in PC/Windows‐environment, with access to the LINDO‐package in the optimization stage.
Convergence of Adomian’s method applied to integral equations
Authors: Badredine T. , Abbaoui K. , Cherruault Y.
Published: July 2006

This paper deals with a new proof of convergence of Adomian’s method applied to nonlinear integral equations. By using a new formulation of Adomian’s polynomials, we give the relation between the Picard method and Adomian’s technique.
A weak method in numerical identification
Authors: Khefif Ali
Published: July 2006

The parameters identification problem of a sum u(t)=∑\limitsNi=1aie(λi,t), \ t∈ [0,T], where N∈ IN, ai∈ ℜ and λi∈ Ω are unknown parameters, and Ω is a bounded open set of ℜn is discussed. For some choices of the function e, this problem is an ill‐posed problem in the classical optimisation methods sense, such as the non‐linear least squares. The identification of parameters N, ai and λi being equivalent to the search of the distribution ℓ=∑\limitsNi=1aiδλi in the dual space of E=C(¯Omega;), the method developed here consists in finding a weak approximation of ℓ in the sense of the metric of the weak‐* topology on closed spheres of E’. Finally, we will apply this method to the identification problem of a sum of exponentials.
On some obstacles in communication and transfer of knowledge
Authors: Masnikosa Vukasin P.
Published: July 2006

In the introductory part of this paper the problems which represent the obstacles in the communication and knowledge transfer are discussed and the complexity of the comprehension of nature, described by the existing speaking and mathematical languages, is outlined. The means of natural phenomena investigations are given. After the task is described, a procedure for making an analysis of existing procedures of human comprehension, which includes the means of investigations, is given. On the basis of this analysis the task should be successfully solved. A practical comparison of the existing mathematical language is given with a solution of two examples. Conclusions are given in the form of a list of scientific contributions.
Comunications and forum
Authors: Virgil Negoita Constantin
Published: July 2006

Provides a personal view of the development of the theories and applications of fuzzy systems which were first introduced in the 1960s. Details the interrelationships between the pioneering proponents of fuzzy theory. Concentrates in part I on the historical beginnings of the field and in part II continues to provide personal insights into contemporary studies.
The whole picture
Authors: James Brennig
Published: July 2006

Considers a view of the “whole picture” by interpreting the physical world using three parameters. Looks at consciousness as a function of the brain and examines its characteristics. Discusses the importance of vision as an input to the brain.
Measures of cellular change in systems theory
Authors: Lloret‐Climent Miguel
Published: July 2006

Considers that as a general rule metrics serve to compare elements in the same set, such as the Euclidean metric by means of which we can calculate the distance between points ℜ 2, ℜ3 etc. In practical applications such as in the biological sciences, it is necessary to compare cells which may have identical or different numbers of genes. Suggests that we may wish to compare different genes formed of finite sequences of four nucleotides. These are genes which may have the same or different numbers of bases. These and other questions are analysed from the viewpoint of general systems theory.
Forecasting stock returns with reference to global capital asset pricing forces
Authors: Östermark Ralf
Published: July 2006

In the paper we provide new evidence on the predictability of Scandinavian stock returns, when utilizing the determinants of global capital asset pricing. Three factors are extracted by principal components factor analysis. The VARIMAX‐rotated factor loadings matrix clearly suggests the presence of geographically distinguished returns generating factors: Europe, Asia and America. The corresponding factor price series are used as driving forces for the Finnish and Swedish market returns. The results indicate that the predictability of Scandinavian stock returns is significantly improved by the world factors.
On the minimal length curve that densifies the square
Authors: Mora Gaspar , Cherruault Yves
Published: July 2006

This paper deals with the existence of a curve of minimal length, expressed in parametric coordinates, which densifies the square J2=≤ft [ −1,1\right ] × ≤ft [ −1,1\right ] \ with a given degree of density α. Nevertheless, the same problem has no solution if we consider the family of curves defined by means of the graphics of continuous and rectifiable functions f: J→ J. Their consequences on the approximation method to the global optimization are also derived.
A “realistic” Maxwell’s demon is in fact a cognitive robot
Authors: Majerník V.
Published: July 2006

We show that a realistic device performing the activity of Maxwell’s demon has to contain at least two units: an informer which gains information of speeds of molecules and an operator which passes the marked molecules through a microscopic door in the wall dividing a gas cylinder. Such a device represents in fact a cognitive robot, which is studied in robotics. We describe the functional interaction between both units with respect to the goal of Maxwell’s to create a temperature difference in a gas cylinder and point out that in living objects there are many Maxwell‐like devices, e.g. enzymes, which are organized in a fashion similar to the classical Maxwell device.
Failure mode and effects analysis using fuzzy method and grey theory
Authors: Chang Ching‐Liang , Wei Chiu‐Chi , Lee Yeong‐Hoang
Published: July 2006

Traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) determines the risk priority number by finding the multiplication of factor scores that are converted from the probability or degree of problem occurrence without considering the relative importance of factors. This study applies fuzzy theory to eliminate the conversion debate by directly evaluating the linguistic assessment of factors, and uses grey theory to obtain risk priority number by assigning relative weighting coefficient without any utility function. Results of the illustrative example show that concurrent application of fuzzy method and grey theory can solve the problems that have arisen from conventional FMEA, and can efficiently discover the potential failure modes and effects. Indicates that, as a result, the stability of product and process can be assured.
Advancing powder coating formulations to meet new performance requirements
Authors: Cunliffe Zara
Published: July 2006

Powder coatings were originally product led, depending entirely on the resins available (epoxy, epoxy polyester). Now more market led coatings are required for specific properties for certain applications. In Europe powder coatings have gained more share of the general industrial paint market and there has been a move away from TGIC during the last two years. Low temperature resins are now more popular and superdurable resins give extended durability. Deals particularly with speciality finishes.
Shopping for a better world? An interpretive study of the potential for ethical consumption within the older market
Authors: Carrigan Marylyn , Szmigin Isabelle , Wright Joanne
Published: July 2006

This paper presents an interpretive study of older consumers and their potential for ethical consumption. Although latterly marketers are recognising the value of older consumers, research has not yet examined their attitudes and behaviour towards ethical consumption. From the collection of individual interviews conducted for this study, it would seem that older people share a sense of moral responsibility in their purchase behaviour, and as a community are willing to engage in affirmative purchasing and boycotting. Although there are perceived barriers to their participation in broader ethical purchasing activities, they would appear to be a potentially significant force in the consumer resistance movement. The findings suggest that as a group, older consumers should be considered as an important target market for ethical marketers who wish to benefit from their collective sense of social obligation.
Innovation and networking amongst small manufacturing firms in Cyprus
Authors: Dickson K.E. , Hadjimanolis A.
Published: July 2006

The practice of innovation management in Cyprus is investigated via case studies of innovative small manufacturing firms. The analysis concentrates on how Cypriot firms develop networks (or avoid them!) and the effects of network relationships on innovation performance. The behaviour of firms is related to two contrasting models of network development: First, the “local strategic network model” where firms intentionally develop and maintain a network of long‐term relationships based on trust, cooperation and mutual benefit, with a view to obtaining the necessary resources and knowledge for innovation. Second, the “local self sufficiency model” where firms obtain any required resources from other local firms through ‘arms length’ market based transactions and any technical knowledge primarily from foreign suppliers. Such firms follow an insular pattern of behaviour in order to protect their independence and innovative activities. The possible association between performance (in terms of profitability, sales growth) and innovation strategies of Cypriot firms is examined and the implications for business managers and for Government support programmes are drawn out.
Determinants of growth and profitability in small entrepreneurial firms
Authors: Glancey Keith
Published: July 2006

Using accounts data for a sample of 38 small manufacturing firms located in Tayside Region, this paper investigates the relationship between company characteristics including size, age, location and industry group, and profitability and growth. The trade‐off between the possibly conflicting objectives of profit and growth is considered primarily from the entrepreneurial rather than the managerial standpoint which previous econometric studies of small firm performance have concentrated on. Motivations for undertaking entrepreneurial activity and their possible relationships with profitability and growth are discussed and a number of hypotheses developed. From this perspective it is argued that a firm size measure based on employment is more appropriate than one based on sales or assets which previous studies have used. Firm characteristics are found to be of limited value in explaining profitability. However, larger firms are found to grow faster than smaller, and younger firms are found to grow faster than older. This is also some evidence that growth is stronger in urban than in suburban or rural locations. It is possible that entrepreneurial motivations are an important factor in this regard and it is suggested that future econometric studies of small firm performance take these into account.
Community entrepreneurship in north east Scotland
Authors: Haugh H.M. , Pardy W.
Published: July 2006

Investigates an example of group entreprenuership as found in a project promoting social and economic regeneration in economically fragile communities in north east Scotland. Encouraging entrepreneurship in community groups is the basis of the Villages in Control (ViC) project introduced in north east Scotland in 1993. ViC was a joint initiative between the local authorities of the region and the Local Enterprise Company (LEC) and was aimed at encouraging rural and coastal communities to diversify away from existing economic patterns. The objective of ViC was to encourage entrepreneurial activity at community level through a process which involved a group of individuals from each village developing and implementing a strategic plan for the economic regeneration of their own community. Using one community as an example, the paper discusses the experiences and impact of ViC and illustrates the entrepreneurial ventures generated by the community group. The paper emphasizes the importance of co‐ordinating community members into a recognisable group in order to produce the community strategic document, and also for the ideas for economic regeneration to come from the group itself. The discussion concludes that developing community entrepreneurship requires a supportive infra‐structure and a long term commitment of people and resources to facilitate the process of releasing the entrepreneurial spirit of each individual community.
Dealing with misconceptions on the concept of sustainability
Authors: Leal Filho Walter
Published: July 2006

Although there is a great degree of acceptance in relation to the importance of pursuing sustainable development, there are some areas within the higher education sector where the concept of sustainability is not yet fully understood. Based on the negative impact misconceptions can have, it is useful to look at the problem and develop approaches to address them. This paper, first delivered at the conference on environmental management systems at universities (EMSU 99) held in Lund, Sweden in May 1999, tries to discuss some of the misconceptions seen in respect of sustainability at universities and suggests some measures aimed at moving ahead.
The Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz
Authors: Delakowitz Bernd , Hoffmann Anke
Published: July 2006

Most universities still consider the principles of environmental ethics and sustainable development on an academic level addressed at specific courses of studies or as part of research. Practical approaches to encourage individuals in a university community to accept responsibility for environmental improvements are rare. Implementation and maintenance of a standard environmental management system (EMS), however, may be useful not only to improve environmental protection but also to outline a university safe‐guarding a vision of the future. Structured environmental management systems must provide a defined and organised approach to the relevant activities such as clearly defined policy and objectives, clear‐cut responsibilities, documented systems, ongoing training, record, document control, internal audits, management reviews, and continual improvement. The Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz – University of Applied Sciences is the first German institution of its kind having in its entirety successfully undergone the full cycle of EMS requirements including validation and registration specified in the EC regulation 1836/93 (EMAS) which is the European equivalent of the international ISO 14001 standard. Particular concern is shown for active involvement and participation of students and employees during all individual phases of the environmental management system.
The space of flows, the rules of play, and sustainable urban design
Authors: Yanarella Ernest J. , Levine Richard S. , Dumreicher Heidi
Published: July 2006

This paper seeks to explore the origins of these inchoate changes and shifts in perception and experience of urban dwelling places and electronic spaces by tracing out their implications for the agenda of sustainable cities.The paper first considers the movement from Netville, the cybercommunity generated among technical experts and scholars associated with the building of the Internet, to Cybercities, the various online communities emerging from ARPA’s seemingly anarchic communications network. It pays particular attention to the “rules of play” that governed the construction of the Internet and the kind of egalitarian community of competence that those rules engendered. The analysis explores the import of those “rules of play” for “Emerald City,” a sustainability game for designing sustainable cities. The last section then shifts from participatory design process as game to an ongoing design project – the Westbahnhof project. This project, demonstrates the relevance of both the “rules of play” and the sustainability game in building sustainable cities of the future in an open, democratic, and participatory fashion.
University‐based projects for local sustainable development
Authors: Mieg Harald A.
Published: July 2006

ETH‐UNS case studies are “transdisciplinary,” university‐based projects for sustainable development. This article introduces the ETH‐UNS case studies 1991 to 1997. In particular, it examines, first, the role of experts and, second, the kind of collective reasoning in ETH‐UNS case studies. We found a significant “deprofessionalization” effect: whereas there was a high share of professionals in former ETH‐UNS case studies, relative experts with lower qualifications dominate in today’s ETH‐UNS case studies. Our analysis of this effect shows role conflicts between professionals and organizations as well as the importance of syntheses methods for organizing the collective reasoning in the ETH‐UNS case studies. Discussion focuses on the specific organizational linkage between the use of experts and collective reasoning in environmental projects in the context of sustainable development.
Is today shaping tomorrow for tertiary education in Australia?
Authors: Howard Jonathon , Mitchell David , Spennemann Dirk , Webster‐Mannison Marci
Published: July 2006

The Commonwealth Government of Australia appears to be moving towards a national policy on environmental education for a sustainable future. Using the new environmental campus of Charles Sturt University in New South Wales as a case study, this paper outlines how one Australian university is providing sustainability in higher education by integrating its designs, operations and teaching practices. In doing so, it shows recent initiatives in the higher education sector and highlights the gap between Commonwealth Government moves to enhance the national effort and what is happening on the ground. It is suggested that this gap exists because the Government outlines a series of actions rather than a set of ethical propositions for development at a local level.
Higher education partnerships
Authors: Barnes Nicholas J. , Phillips Paul S.
Published: July 2006

Outlines some of the benefits that can arise through partnership working between higher education institutions and other local organisations in the environment sector. Aims to contribute to the debate on sustainability by highlighting the capacity for partnerships to “unlock” value retained within single organisations. Argues for the need for more creativity in the ways in which HEIs interact with other organisations in the environment sector, in order to harness mutually‐advantageous opportunities. The situation in Northamptonshire (central England) is described and case studies are included to demonstrate some local successful partnership‐based projects and to highlight the wider approach. Suggests this approach can offer considerable scope for the personal development of academics and to benefit HEIs, the local communities they serve and the economies they operate within. States, in addition, that partnership working can significantly contribute to the process of sustainable management within HEIs and external organisations by promoting the effective use of human resources, information and finance for environmentally beneficial activity.
Interdisciplinary education in sustainability: links in secondary and higher education
Authors: Warren Flint R. , McCarter William , Bonniwell Thomas
Published: July 2006

Describes The Northampton Environmental Legacy Program, which links studies of the historic culture of Eastern Shore life with an awareness and understanding for the importance of environmental quality in this region. Over the six years’ duration of this pilot program, instructors have found that when this unique environmental/cultural instruction process is superimposed on an interdisciplinary blend of traditional high school teaching (math, science, language, literature, history, etc.), the students’ learning experiences are put into a context much more aligned to their life experiences. Program results have been significant. Because of the success of this program, a strong message is being sent to institutions of higher education. In preparation of future teachers, college/university curricula will need to offer an opportunity for developing exceptional skills in interdisciplinary teaching, so that new teachers can move seamlessly into high school programs already developed along the lines of the sustainable education model described here, and equally important will be the training of future teachers who can develop these new programs of education in sustainability at the high school level, where they do not yet exist.