bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partnership without Commitments: Features of Russian-Iranian Relations in Recent Decades
Authors: Ravandi-Fadai L. M.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the features of Soviet-Iranian and further Russian-Iranian relations, starting with the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979 to the present. The paper reveals the main stages and events in bilateral relations with particular emphasis on bilateral cooperation on the issue of Syria and the consideration of Iran’s interests in this country, including economic ones. The author attempts to determine the grade of the achieved bilateral relations established at soviet times as confrontational, although in the very last years of the existence of the Soviet Union they began to improve. The tendency to improve and intensify relations continued after the collapse of the USSR. However, Russian-Iranian relations at the present stage, on the whole, cannot be characterized as allied. Although in the case of Syria, one can indeed observe their alliance, nevertheless, in general, relations between Russia and Iran keep far from being deep enough, and in a number of cases in recent decades there has been rivalry or even conflict between the two countries, as, for example, in the issuance of Russia’s refusal to supply Iran with air S-300 defense systems. Nevertheless, given the external pressure on both countries, along with the growing attention to traditional values, there is a certain likelihood of expanding and deepening Russian-Iranian relations to the level of allies.
Development of Northern Sea Route: Prospects for International Cooperation
Authors: Kirgizov-Barskii A. V.
Published: October 2021

Today due to global climate change the Northern Sea Route is being formed along the northern coast of Russia as a new international maritime passage in the Arctic. Due to the rapid increase in the interest of regional and non-Arctic states, the scientific community and business to this transportation route, there is a need to study the prospects for cooperation between Russia and other countries on the development of the Northern Sea Route. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the interests of external players in the NSR area, taking into account the latest changes and events, while the author uses swot-analysis and a comparative analytical approach to conduct the study. The results of the study have shown that cooperation with some Arctic countries on the development of the NSR could bring mutual benefits: Canada and Russia would exchange experience on the development of similar sea routes, and Norway and Iceland would receive advantages as hubs on new routes. Non-regional countries, such as China, South Korea, Japan, Singapore and India, are interested in the NSR. For them, the Northern Sea Route is potentially shorter and safer compared to traditional routes, and it also allows to participate in projects located near its water area in science, energy and transport sectors. In turn, the participation of foreign partners is important for Russia, since it is usually accompanied by the active use of the route, the creation of large projects throughout its entire length, the attraction of serious funds, modern technologies and knowledge to the Arctic zone of the country.
Nothern European Lessons for Eurasian Integration
Authors: Voronkov L. S.
Published: October 2021

The paper is dedicated to the differences between the classical instruments for regulating interstate political and trade-economic relations from those used in the development of regional integration processes. Traditionally, the Eurasian Economic Union is compared with the European Union, considering the EU as a close example to follow in the development of integration processes. At the same time, there exist the other models of integration. The author proposes to pay attention to the other models of integration and based on the analysis of documents, reveals the experience of Northern Europe, which demonstrates effective cooperation without infringing on the sovereignty of the participants. The author examines the features of the integration experience of the Nordic countries in relation to the possibility of using its elements in the modern integration practice of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Influence of New Religious Movements from Russian Federation on the Religious Landscape of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Martinovich V. A.
Published: October 2021

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the influence of the new religious movements of the Russian Federation on the religious landscape of the Republic of Belarus. The study has shown the following results: (1) the country of origin was determined for the alleged general population of 1113 new religious movements, the activities of which are documented in the Republic of Belarus. A significant part of them were founded in Russia, and the group of Russian new religious movements is in the lead among the foreign new religious movements almost twice exceeding the group of new religious movements created in Western countries. (2) The article represents the distribution according to the structural and substantive characteristics of the new Russian religious movements operating in the Republic of Belarus in comparison with the totality of new religious movements created in the United States and (3) shows the dynamics of migration of Russian new religious movements to Belarus. (4) Based on the analysis of Belarusian print media the main indicators of advertising and criticism of Russian and Western new religious movements are revealed. To represent the research results the author uses a matrix of non-traditional religiosity as tool for monitoring, recording and visualizing the whole variety of its forms and varieties for a specific area in a given period of time. In conclusion, the author proposes a number of promising directions for further analysis of the stated topic.
RESEARCH OF THE MICROBIOM OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF THE ABERDIN-ANGUS BREED CATTLE
Authors: ДАУГАЛИЕВА А.Т. , ДАУГАЛИЕВА С.Т. , АРЫНГАЗИЕВ Б.С. , ЛАВРЕНТЬЕВА Т.А.
Published: October 2021

Целью исследования было определение таксономической структуры микробиома кишечника крупного рогатого скота породы Абердин-Ангус с помощью технологии секвенирования нового поколения. 16S метагеномный анализ, позволил определить микробный состав содержимого кишечника, минуя стадию культивирования на питательных средах. Проведена генетическая идентификация и получен таксономический профиль всех присутствующих бактерий, в том числе и некультивируемых форм.

The aim of the study was to determine the taxonomic structure of the intestinal microbiome of Aberdeen Angus cattle using a new generation sequencing technology. 16S metagenomic analysis made it possible to determine the microbial composition of the intestinal contents bypassing the stage of cultivation on nutrient media. Genetic identification was carried out and a taxonomic profile of all bacteria present, including non-cultivated forms, was obtained. Key words: microbiome, cattle, Aberdeen Angus, next generation sequencing.
Honduras frente a los retos de la agenda 2030 para el desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Morazán Irías José Pedro
Published: October 2021

Desde su adopción en septiembre de 2015 la Agenda 2030 se convirtió en el marco de referencia para el desarrollo sostenible. La Agenda consta de 17 objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) que abarcan las tres dimensiones de la sostenibilidad: económica, social y ecológica. La formulación de laAgenda 2030 es un nuevo reto para la investigación académica. La pregunta que se plantea aquí es hasta qué punto estaAgenda implica un cambio de paradigma en la teoría del desarrollo. Para ello, la ciencia social y sobre todo la ciencia económica en Honduras no pueden quedarse en los tradicionales esquemas abstractos. La Agenda 2030 tiene que ser vista como una oportunidad para que la Universidad deje de ser una torre de marfil protegida y encapsulada afuera de la realidad y se convierta en un ente propulsor de alternativas para la transformación.
La investigación científica para gestionar el desarrollo humano en Honduras
Authors: Medina López Edwin Roldan
Published: October 2021

En el presente estudio se argumenta que la idea del desarrollo humano sostenible no es solo un mito, sino que se podría alcanzar, sin embargo se necesita un cambio epistemológico y operativo para lograrlo, puesto que el modelo histórico- lineal capitalista de desarrollo no ha funcionado. En esta dinámica del desarrollo, los perdedores han sido los países subdesarrollados. Un análisis histórico-económico arroja luces y permite una mayor comprensión del proceso que lleva a estos países a ser los países en desventaja. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la relación entre la investigación científi ca y el desarrollo humano sostenible en Honduras desde una visión histórico-hermenéutica durante el periodo 1980-2015 y proponer un modelo colaborativo de investigación para la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, a la espera que este análisis nos ponga en una mejor posición para evaluar las expectativas actuales sobre el desarrollo, comprender porque ha fracasado en el pasado y cuestionarse sobre que se debe o puede esperar y aspirar para mejorar la vida de los millones de personas pobres de Honduras. La premisa fundamental del estudio es que los procesos de investigación que se realizan a nivel de las instituciones de educación superior tienen un valor pedagógico y formativo en los profesionales que egresan de dichas instituciones
EL DISCURSO HEGEMÓNICO DE LA VIOLENCIA ESTRUCTURAL EN TORNO AL ESTADO DE HONDURAS
Authors: San José Ramírez Gerson
Published: October 2021

La violencia en Honduras reviste especial atención debido a que es uno de los países de la región centroamericana que ha llegado a aglutinar las diversas formas de violencia de manera exponencial, posicionándose como uno de los países con un alto índice de violencia. Ante este escenario, la pregunta que me he formulado es: ¿cuáles son las causas y factores principales que posibilitan tal estado de violencia en el país? Para contestar a esta interrogante he decidido tomar como objeto de investigación la violencia estructural entendida en términos de pobreza, desigualdad y privación de los derechos fundamentales, a partir del suceso del Golpe de Estado del 28 de junio de 2009, donde se evidenció la violencia directa e institucional, condensadas dentro del amplio discurso de la violencia estructural que han venido articulando las Elites de Poder a lo largo de la historia social y política de Honduras. Esta dimensión discursiva de la violencia estructural subsumida en el marco de acción del Estado será analizada a través de la “Teoría del Discurso” de Ernesto Laclau Y Chantal Mouffe.
LOS ELEMENTOS ENDÓGENOS Y EXÓGENOS QUE POSIBILITAN E INHIBEN EL DESARROLLO LOCAL SOSTENIBLE DE LA REGIÓN DE YEGUARE, HONDURAS.
Authors: Salgado Guifarro Onix Alejandra , Cruz Jiménez Graciela
Published: October 2021

Pese a su riqueza natural y cultural, la región de Yeguare está marcada por la pobreza de su población y un continuo deterioro ambiental, factores que restringen su crecimiento económico y desarrollo. Para contrarrestar tal hecho, actores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales han alentado procesos de gestión territorial, sin resultados favorables ni sostenibles. Con base en una categorización propia basada en aportaciones de diversos teóricos sobre el Desarrollo Local Sustentable y fundamentada en la problemática territorial de la región, se realizó una vinculación entre la teoría y la evidencia empírica recabada mediante entrevistas con actores clave. Este proceso permitió vislumbrar los elementos endógenos y exógenos que, según las entrevistas y estadísticas referenciales, posibilitan e inhiben el desarrollo local en el territorio. Con dicho análisis se identificó que el proceso de transformación sociocultural, económico, político institucional, tecnológico y natural, ha influido y en algunos casos, perjudicado el Desarrollo Local Sustentable de Yeguare.
DONDE BUSCAR LA IDENTIDAD DE UN PUEBLO
Authors: Serrano López Augusto
Published: October 2021

Ya hubo hondureños que, queriendo ir a las raíces, se fueron hacia el pasado hasta los mayas. En los mayas creen haber encontrado sus raíces. No sé por qué se pararon ahí. ¿Estaban ya cansados de caminar hacia el pasado? Porque los mayas no fueron el origen. Ellos también llegaron de otra parte y basta con leer el Popol Vuh donde se precisa que después de mucho caminar por fin llegaron al lugar que buscaban:
STUDI TEKSTUAL MODEL-MODEL PERTANYAAN ALLAH DALAM KEJADIAN 3:8-13
Authors: Sinaga Donna Crosnoy
Published: October 2021

Studi tekstual merupakan salah satu bentuk kajian yang penting dilakukan untuk memperdalam pemahaman makna/ kebenaran/ realita suatu teks. Dalam hal ini ialah terkait dengan berbagai bentuk (model) pertanyaan-pertanyaan Allah kepada Adam setelah jatuh ke dalam dosa. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa secara literal memang sulit memahami jika Allah bertanya terkait dengan informasi yang ingin dibutuhkanNya. Namun realitas teks menyajikannya dalam Kejadian 3:8-13. Itulah sebabnya pendekatan tekstual salah satu studi yang dilakukan untuk memahami kebenaran yang dimaksud. Adapun metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini ialah dengan kajian induktif tekstual dan eksegetikal. Induktif tekstual dilakukan dengan studi kata terhadap kata-kata tertentu yang representasi terhadap problema teks. Kajian eksegetikal dilakukan dengan pendekatan gramatikal dan leksikal. Dengan pendekatan studi ini ditemukan fakta teks bahwa bahwa pertanyaan yang diajukan Allah lebih bersifat refleksional daripada informatif, yang umumnya dapat dipahami sebagai pertanyaan retoris.
PENTINGNYA PELAYANAN KONSELING PRANIKAH
Authors: Morib Anderias Mesak
Published: October 2021

Pernikahan merupakan impian semua orang, sebab pernikahan berasal dari Allah melalui Adam dan Hawa. Pernikahan di mata Allah adalah kudus, sehingga setiap orang yang menikah di hadapan Allah adalah kudus. Pernikahan merupakan bahtera rumah tangga yang dikehendaki oleh Allah dan Allah tidak pernah merencanakan adanya perpisahan atau perceraian. Perceraian merupakan produk manusia karena keegoisan manusia itu sendiri. Kenyataannya adalah masih ada banyak rumah tangga Kristen yang hancur sehingga pernikahan mereka harus putus di tengah jalan. Dalam hal inilah konseling pranikah sangat diperlukan oleh pasangan yang akan menikah. Karena pernikahan bukanlah suatu hal yang mudah untuk dipahami, melainkan sesuatu yang sangat penuh rahasia. Tujuan dari pranikah agar setiap pasangan benar-benar memahami dan mengerti arti dari suatu pernikahan yang benar dan sesuai dengan kehendak Allah.
EFEKTIFITAS KONSELING PEMULIHAN BAGI TENAGA PENDIDIK
Authors: Tuju Rifky Serva
Published: October 2021

Penulisan karya tulis ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan efektifitas konseling pemulihan bagi tenaga pendidik dalam proses pelaksanaan konseling di sekolah atau perguruan tinggi yang membutuhkan konseling sebagai alat untuk menolong siswa yang sedang memiliki masalah. Tulisan ini termasuk jenis tulisan yang mengembangkan pola bimbingan pribadi yang berfokus pada pemulihan siswa, dalam proses bimbingan firman Tuhan sebagai bahan yang digunakan untuk membimbing siswa. Proses bimbingan juga memiliki tujuan agar siswa dapat dipulihkan oleh Tuhan secara pribadi. Koseling pemulihan setidaknya dapat menjadi rujukan bagi tenaga pendidik untuk dapat menolong dan membimbing siswa-siswi yang sedang dalam masalah di sekolah. Konseling Kristen yang efektif adalah konseling yang berusaha menolong, membimbing dan mengatasi konseli yang bermasalah. Dalam arti bahwa konselor dapat menolong klien dalam menyelesaikan problematika pribadinya.
Eksistensi Yesus Kristus dalam Perjanjian Baru
Authors: Randa II Federans
Published: October 2021

When God created the first humans, namely Adam and Eve, they were both created in the image of God without any sin in humans. But humans eventually fell into sin because of the wrong choices of humans by violating God's commandments by eating the fruit of the knowledge of good and evil which was forbidden by God to be eaten, because when humans eat them, they must die and death is what makes humans sin and lose holiness. God of himself (Rom. 3:23). Sin makes humans separate from God and humans cannot reach God because of the enmity that occurs between humans and God. Sin led man to destruction and the eternal punishment of God. However, it was because of God's great love for humans who were specially created in the image of God, so that God took the initiative to deliver and save mankind from destruction and God's eternal punishment which would be bestowed upon mankind because of man's own sin.AbstrakKetika Allah menciptakan manusia pertama yakni Adam dan Hawa, maka keduanya diciptakan segambar dengan Allah tanpa ada dosa dalam diri manusia. Namun manusia akhirnya jatuh dalam dosa oleh karena pilihan manusia yang salah dengan melanggar perintah Allah dengan memakan buah pengetahuan yang baik dan yang jahat yang dilarang oleh Allah untuk dimakan, sebab ketika manusia memakannya pastilah mati dan kematian itulah yang membuat sehingga manusia menjadi berdosa dan kehilangan kekudusan Allah dari dirinya (Rm. 3:23). Dosa membuat manusia terpisah dengan Allah dan manusia tidak bisa mencapai Allah karena perseteruan yang terjadi antara manusia dengan Allah. Dosa membawa manusia kepada kebinasaan dan hukuman kekal Allah. Namun karena kasih Allah yang sangat besar terhadap manusia yang diciptakan istimewa yakni segambar dengan Allah, sehingga Allah mengambil inisiatif untuk melepaskan dan menyelamatkan manusia dari kebinasaan dan hukuman kekal Allah yang akan ditimpahkan kepada manusia oleh karena dosa manusia itu sendiri.
Metode Mengajar Yesus menurut Injil Markus
Authors: Tuju Serva
Published: October 2021

Choosing the right teaching method can have a significant impact on those desiring to teach, and appropriate teaching methods can also provide solutions for students as they apply what they are learning. If we look closely in the Gospel of Mark, Jesus used some very interesting methods in his teaching to reach his listeners. As teachers, we ought to make use of the example of Christ’s teaching in developing our own teaching methods so that what we seek to communicate and how we communicate it can have a significant impact on our students. AbstrakMemilih metode mengajar yang tepat dapat memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi para guru dalam mengajar. Selain dampak yang signifikan bagi guru, metode mengajar yang tepat juga dapat memberikan solusi bagi para siswa yang mengikuti pengajaran tersebut. Jika dicermati dalam kita Injil Markus Yesus menggunakan beberapa metode yang sangat menarik dalam pengajaran-Nya yang membuat ada banyak sekali orang yang ingin mendengarkan pengajaran dari Yesus. Sebagai pengajar patutlah mencontohi cara dan metode mengajar yang digunakan oleh Tuhan Yesus dalam mengajar sehingga pengajaran yang disampaikan dapat memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi orang yang diajar.
Komunitas Kristiani sebagai Duta Kasih Allah di tengah Kebhinekaan Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Adon Mathias Jebaru , Budi Antonius Sad
Published: October 2021

The focus of this research study describes the role of Christians in strengthening the spirit of diversity in the Indonesian nation. Currently, Indonesia is not only facing the Covid-19 pandemic but also a national identity crisis. In various places, there are rampant intolerance, radicalism, and acts of extremism-terrorism that threaten the integrity of the nation. In this situation, Christians are called to show their identity by becoming ambassadors for God's love. By becoming ambassadors of God's love, Christians prove that love is greater than enmity. Christians can start by living together in a community. In the community, Christians are trained to be more sensitive to the sufferings of the world and not run out of power. This research study uses a phenomenological approach that starts from the calling of Christians to live in a spirit of love. Because in the way of living together all differences are put together. Thus, the Christian community becomes a good platform for channeling love to others regardless of ethnicity, race, and religion. Therefore, the Christian community is a means of realizing togetherness in a spirit of diversity.AbstrakFokus studi penelitian ini menguraikan peran orang Kristiani dalam memperkuat semangat kebinekaan Bangsa Indonesia. Saat ini Indonesia tidak hanya menghadapi pan-demi covid-19 tetapi juga krisis identitas kebangsaan. Di berbagai tempat marak terjadi intoleransi, radikalisme dan tindakan ekstremisme-terorisme yang mengancam keutuhan bangsa. Berhadapan dengan situasi ini orang Kristiani dipanggil untuk menunjukkan iden-titasnya dengan menjadi duta kasih Allah. Dengan menjadi duta kasih Allah orang Kristiani membuktikan bahwa, kasih lebih besar dari permusuhan. Orang Kristiani dapat memulai-nya dengan hidup bersama dalam komunitas. Dalam komunitas, orang Kristiani dilatih untuk lebih peka mendengar penderitaan dunia dan tidak kehabisan daya. Studi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi yang bertitik tolak dari panggilan orang Kris-tiani untuk hidup dalam semangat kasih. Sebab dalam cara hidup bersama segala per-bedaan disatukan. Dengan demikian komunitas Kristiani menjadi wadah yang baik untuk menyalurkan kasih kepada sesama tanpa memandang suku, ras dan agama. Karena itu, komunitas Kristiani adalah sarana untuk mewujudkan kebersamaan dalam semangat kebinekaan.
Upaya Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Iman menurut 1 Timotius 4:11-16: Studi Deskriptif pada Pemuda Gereja Bethel Indonesia Anugerah, Bandar Lampung
Authors: Wariki Valentino , Bangun Andrea Esther , Hosea Amos , Siregar Hiruniko , Sitompul Antonius
Published: October 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan aktivitas pelayanan di seluruh gereja mengalami dampak yang positif dan negative. Termask GBI Anugerah Bandar Lampung yang mengalami penurunan kuantitas dan kualitas pada pelayanan anak muda. Dan hal ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi GBI Anugerah termasuk seluruh gereja untuk menanggulanginya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja penyebab dari menurunnya kuantitas dan kualitas pelayan anak muda dalam gereja, khususnya GBI Anugerah Bandar Lampung dan juga meneliti apa saja yang bisa dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keantusiasan pelayan anak muda berdasarkan latar belakang surat 1 Timotius 4:11-16. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara secara mendalam. Setelah masalah didapat, penelitian menggunakan metode studi literatur untuk mengumpulkan informasi-informasi dan teori-teori berkaitan dengan peran pelayan anak muda dan latar belakang surat 1 Timotius 4:16. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemui bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang mengakibatkan penurunan yang cukup ekstrim dalam jumlah anak muda, yaitu: alasan kesehatan, studi dan, menikah. Pemuda mesti mengambil tanggung jawab dan tekun untuk dalam masa pandemic untuk pertumbuhan jemaat.
Implementasi Pelayanan Lintas Budaya dalam Gereja Berdasarkan Kisah Para Rasul 10:34-43
Authors: Tanhidy Jamin , Natonis Priska , Budiman Sabda
Published: October 2021

Cross-cultural evangelism is the duty of all believers without exception. In Acts 10 there is an interesting phenomenon related to cross-cultural service. In the verse it is recorded that the apostle Peter was given the task by God through a vision to go to Cornelius's place, to preach about Jesus. Cornelius was a Greek while the apostle Peter was Jewish. The Apostle Peter was a Jew who held strong Jewish customs. This shows the cross-cultural service that is happening. This article aims to describe the implementation of cross-cultural services based on Acts 10:34-43. The author uses descriptive qualitative research methods by analyzing data such as books and journals. From the results of the analysis, the authors found that the church needs to introduce Christ as a God who loves everyone, preach that everyone deserves salvation, deliver the news of peace through Jesus Christ to all, and deliver the news of peace through Jesus Christ to everyone. The church's awareness of the Great Commission of the Lord Jesus is one of them is to implement cross-cultural ministry, specifically in terms of evangelism.AbstrakPelayanan penginjilan lintas budaya merupakan tugas semua orang percaya tanpa terkecuali. Dalam Kisah Para Rasul 10 terdapat fenomena menarik berkaitan dengan pelayanan lintas budaya. Dalam ayat tersebut tercatat bahwa rasul Petrus diberi tugas oleh Tuhan melalui penglihatan untuk pergi ke tempat Kornelius, supaya memberitakan tentang Yesus. Kornelius adalah seorang Yunani sedangkan rasul Petrus adalah orang Yahudi. Rasul Petrus merupakan seorang Yahudi yang memegang kuat kebiasaan Yahudi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya pelayanan lintas budaya yang terjadi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan implementasi pelayanan lintas budaya berdasarkan Kisah Para Rasul 10:34-43. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menganalisis data-data seperti buku-buku maupun jurnal-jurnal. Dari hasil analisis tersebut penulis menemu-kan bahwa gereja perlu memperkenalkan Kristus sebagai Allah yang mengasihi semua orang, memberitakan bahwa semua orang berhak menerima keselamatan, menyampaikan berita damai melalui Yesus Kristus kepada semua orang, dan menyampaikan berita damai melalui Yesus Kristus kepada semua orang. Kesadaran gereja terhadap Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus salah satunya ialah dengan mengimplementasikan pelayanan lintas budaya, secara khusus dalam hal penginjilan.
HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR ESTIMATION OF RAMELTEON IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors:   School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007 Odisha, India., Sahoo S , Panda P. K. , Mishra S. K.
Published: October 2021

A simple, fast, accurate and precise reverse phase HPLC method is developed and described for the determination of ramelteon in tablet dosage form. Chromatography was carried on an ODS column using a mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer pH 7.0 (35:65 V/V) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with detection at 286 nm. The retention time of the drug was 7.7 min. The procedure was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The developed method was validated for linearity from 50 to 150% which shows the method is quite linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.999, for precision which includes system precision, method precision, intraday and by another analyst on another day, and accuracy. The %RSD for system precision was observed to be 1.1, whereas the method precision was observed to be 0.2. The % recovery from ‘accuracy’ studies yielded the recovery of 99.7-101.5% which indicates the capability of the method, and finally for robustness that includes studies w.r.t. change in flow rate, the percentage of organic modifier and pH. As per ICH guidelines, method validation results are in good agreement. The proposed method was simple, sensitive, precise and accurate.
EVALUATION OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS AS PUTATIVE HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Authors:   Department of Virology & Immonology Haffkine Institute, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India., Rege A.A , Chowdhary A. S
Published: October 2021

Aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum Linn., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thoms, Withania somnifera Dunal, Avicennia officinalis Linn. and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. were included for the present in vitro study. Pepsin was used as a substitute for HIV-protease to evaluate inhibitory activity of these extracts, as pepsin has close resemblance with HIV-protease in proteolytic activity. O. sanctum revealed the highest inhibitory activity followed by R. mucronata. In our earlier study, O. sanctum and R. mucronata exerted anti-HIV activity via multiple mechanisms of action; viz., interference with the gp120 / CD4 interaction and inhibition of HIV-reverse transcriptase. In the present study, they also showed potent inhibitory activity against pepsin enzyme (indirectly against HIV-protease) which may be due their flavonoids content.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NEW HPT LC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF RUPATIDINE FUMARATE AND MONTELUKAST SODIUM IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors:   V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru- 521 356 Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India., Raja T , Rao A. L
Published: October 2021

A new simple high performance thin layer chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of rupatidine fumarate and montelukast sodium in bulk and tablet dosage form was investigated. Chromatographic separation of the drugs was performed on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and the solvent system consisted of acetone:methanol:toluene (2:3:5, V/V/V). Densitometric evaluation of the separated zones was performed at 286 nm and the method was validated. The Rf values and drug content of rupatidine fumarate and montelukast sodium were 0.57±0.02, 0.68±0.02 and 98.3%, 97.67% respectively. The calibration curves of peak area versus concentration, were linear from 50-300 ng per band for both rupatidine fumarate and montelukast sodium and the regression coefficient (r2 ) was greater than 0.99. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, robustness and application for assay as per ICH guidelines. The study showed that the developed method was simple and accurate and would be suitable for the simultaneous determination of rupatidine fumarate and montelukast sodium in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
AMORPHOUS PHARMACEUTICAL SOLIDS: A REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry St John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Vevoor, Manor Road, Palghar(E), Thane 401404, Maharashtra, India., Dhokchawle B. V , Tauro S. J. , Bhandari A. B
Published: October 2021

Amorphous pharmaceutical solids have recently attracted the interest of pharmaceutical scientists because of a continuous increase in the number of developmental drug molecules that are insoluble. Amorphous state of the drug provides several pharmacokinetic advantages over the crystalline state. In this review preparation methods, characterization techniques and applications of amorphous pharmaceuticals have been discussed. Quench cooling, melt extrusion, spray drying and freeze drying are important methods for amorphization of solids. Amorphous pharmaceutical solids are characterized by diffraction technique, spectroscopy, vapor sorption method and thermal analytical methods. Stability of amorphous solids is important as their advantage of improved solubility might not be long lasting.
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ROTENOIDS FROM CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILLSP. (LEGUMINOSEAE)
Authors:   Haffkine Institute for Training Testing and Research, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India., Chaturvedi P. , Khanna P , Chowdhary A
Published: October 2021

Natural insecticides now-a-days have a bright future because synthetic insectides are harmful to human beings. Among botanical pesticides, the rotenoids standout for their potency and effectiveness against many crop pests and are fifteen times more toxic than the nicotinic acid. Cajanus cajan primarily grown as a grain crop for human consumption (pulse, vegetable) and has not been analysed for it’s rotenoidal content. Chromatographic analysis showed the presence of four rotenoids namely elliptone, deguelin, rotenone and tephrosin, which were identified by co-tlc, melting point, GLC and IR spectral studies with that of the standard reference compounds. In the present investigation, rotenone (0.37 mg/gdw) was found in maximum quantity which was followed by deguelin (0.27 mg/gdw), tephrosin (0.21 mg/gdw) and elliptone (0.15 mg/gdw).
ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM JATROPHA CURCAS (EUPHORBIACEAE) LEAVES ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors:   School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road (NH-24) Moradabad 244102. Uttar Pradesh, India., Chandra P , Sachan N , Yadav R , Kishore K. , Ghosh A. K
Published: October 2021

The present study evaluates the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract from Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) leaves to provide experimental evidence for its traditional use. Investigations on the analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory activities of J. curcas were carried out by utilizing the different animal models. It has been shown that the methanolic extract from Jatropha curcas leaves significantly increased pain threshold and reduced writhing response as well as inhibited the increase in vascular permeability. Also, it significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The results show that the methanolic extract from Jatropha curcas leaves have both central and peripheral analgesic activities and as anti-inflammatory effects, supporting the traditional application of this herb in treating various diseases associated with inflammation and pain.
A REVIEW ON USE OF LITHIUM IN BIPOLAR DISORDER
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics PES Modern College of Pharmacy Sector 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India., Bhavsar D. B , Desai U. S , Phatak A. A , Chaudhari . P. D
Published: October 2021

Bipolar disorder (previously called manic depressive illness) is a medical condition involving changes in the brain function leading to dramatic mood swings. It is characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic or mixed-manic episode, commonly treated with mood stabilizers. Sometimes, antipsychotics and antidepressants are used along with mood stabilizers. Lithium, a very effective mood stabilizer, was the first anti-manic depressant drug approved by the USFDA in the 1970’s. Though the specific biochemical mechanism of its action is unknown, preclinical studies have shown that lithium alters sodium transport in nerve cells and effects a shift toward intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamine. Although lithium is drug of choice in the treatment of bipolar disorder, the safe dose range is relatively narrow, and therapeutic drug monitoring is needed in order to prevent toxic reaction after its oral administration. So, there is scope for the alternative route of administration of lithium, which gives optimum drug levels and produces effects in low dose.
EXTRACTION, ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, SEMISYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BERBERINE FROM ROOTS OF BERBERIS ARISTATA
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH#2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, P.O.: Chhatikara, Mathura-281006 (U.P.), India., Mittal J , Chaudhary K. , Kumar N , Pathak D
Published: October 2021

A methanolic extract of roots of Berberis aristata was prepared by using hot percolation method. Berberine was isolated from the above extract and characterized by IR, 1HNMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. A series of 8-(substituted acetophenone) berberine derivatives was synthesized by introducing various acetophenone derivatives at 8th position of berberine and analyzed by melting point and TLC. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1HNMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The semisynthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity using disc (5mm) diffusion method on nutrient agar medium against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) respectively. The zone of inhibition was compared with standard drugs berberine and kanamycin. All the above compounds showed significant activity in comparison to the standards berberine and kanamycin.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF PUNICA GRANATUM STEM BARK
Authors:   Dept. of Pharmacology, B.L.D.E.A’s College of Pharmacy B.L.D.E. University campus, Bijapur-586103 Karnataka, India., Khan N , Hugar S , Patil V , Nanjappaiah H.M , Gaviraj E.N. , Kalyane N.V
Published: October 2021

Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal effect of Punica granatum stem bark ethanolic extract was carried out on various experimental animal models of diarrhea. Different paragons used were castor oil induced diarrhoea, magnesium sulphate induced diarrhoea, castor oil induced enteropooling and gastrointestinal motility test. The various parameters recorded were onset of diarrhoea, mean number of fecal drops, mean weight of fecal matter, mean weight of small intestine, volume of fluid accumulation in the intestine and mean distance travelled by charcoal meal in the intestine. The test extract demonstrated dose dependent significant anti-diarrhoeal effect. The results of this investigation revealed that, 70% hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum stem bark contains pharmacologically active substance(s) with anti-diarrhoeal efficacy.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARISTOLOCHIC ACID - I FROM ARISTOLOCHIA INDICA LINN. LEAVES
Authors:   Medicinal Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parikh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, India., Mulik M.B , Laddha K.S.
Published: October 2021

Aristolochic Acids (AAs) are major components of plants in Aristolochia species. The plant Aristolochia indica Linn. has diverse biological actions such as analgesic, anti-diabetics, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and treatment of malaria and fevers. Here, we report a new and simple isolation method of Aristolochic Acid-Ι (AA-I) from leaves of Aristolochia indica Linn. Defatted leaves of A. indica were extracted with chloroform by soxhlation. AA-I was further isolated from the chloroform extract by partitioning with aqueous sodium bicarbonate. AA-I was purified by repetitive washings with methanol and recrystallization in methanol yielded yellow leaflets. The purity of the isolated compound was ascertained by HPLC analysis. structural elucidation of the isolated compound was done by IR, MS and NMR spectral analysis.
Emergency medicine residency programs in Brazil: a national survey
Authors: Herpich Henrique , Monteiro Pinhero Nayara , Da Silveira Rodrigues Marcio , Ward A. Maia Ian , E Silva Lucas Oliveira J.
Published: October 2021

Study objective: To describe the characteristics and curricula of Brazilian Emergency Medicine (EM) residency programs.

Methods: This was a national cross-sectional survey conducted between January and May 2021. A survey was distributed to residency directors with queries about the characteristics of their programs. Descriptive analysis was performed stratified by Brazilian regions.

Results: There were a total of 35 responses from the 39 (response rate = 89.7%) EM residency training programs in Brazil. Twelve (34.3%) programs were in the South region, 17 (48.6%) in the Southeast, 3 (8.6%) in the Central-West, and 3 (8.6%) in the Northeast. These 35 programs represented a total of 166 residency slots offered per year (median 4, range 2-24). All programs are of 3-year duration. Seventeen programs (48.6%) were officially launched in either 2019 or 2020. The estimated proportion of faculty with prior EM residency or board certification in EM was reported to be less than 20% in 26 of 35 (74.3%) programs. Only 5 rotations were mandatory across all 35 programs, including rotations in the emergency department (ED) intermediate acuity unit (“yellow” room), ED high acuity unit (“red” room), intensive care unit (ICU), obstetrics and gynecology, and trauma. Other rotations were highly heterogeneous across regions.

Conclusion: Emergency medicine residency is clearly growing in Brazil, and there is a relatively high level of heterogeneity across programs. There is a clear need for standardization of residency curriculum.
Human Capital Investment For Better Business Performance
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Lestari Widarni Eny , Bawono Suryaning
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this book is our material to develop the next edition of the book and can be a reference for the public, practitioners and academics. This book contains all aspects related to human capital and the organizational environment. Basically, the preparation of this book is also a discourse for us to always learn and have an optimistic view of looking ahead that there is always a way to achieve success, one of which is by utilizing the right human capital.
The Impact of Money Demand Motivation on Money Supply Indonesia
Authors:   University of Jember, Jannah Dinonasih Arin
Published: October 2021

This study aims to investigate the impact of money demand motive on a money supply based on keyness theory. The method used in this study is the ordinary least squares method with an annual period from 2011 to 2020. We find that In Indonesia, the money demand motive has a significant effect on money supply where the transaction motive has a significant negative relationship with the money supply. A precautionary motive has a significant positive correlation with the money supply. The motive of speculation has a significant positive relationship with the money supply.
Classical Economic Theory Testing on Economic Challenges in India Using Vector Analysis Method
Authors:   University of Jember, Esline Adirosa Clarissa
Published: October 2021

This study is to investigate the direction of the relationship between inflation, population, and economic growth using vector analysis with a research period of 1995 to 2020 to investigate the impact of economic shocks on the validity of the classical theory in explaining economic phenomena starting from economic shocks to financial crises Asia in 1997, the global financial crisis in 2008 and the economic shocks caused by the pandemic in India. We find that economic shocks from the 1997 Asian financial crisis to economic shocks due to the COVID-19 pandemic have not been able to invalidate the classical theory as a theory that explains economic phenomena related to economic growth, inflation, and population growth in India.
Strategic Planning for Human Resources, Technology, and Organizational Performance
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Elang H Tommi , Hadi Prabowo Bambang
Published: October 2021

This study examines company profits, sales (product price multiplied by total products sold), employee performance as reflected by total production x product price, corporate social responsibility funds and employee welfare as reflected in employee income in 25 public companies listed on the IDX. Indonesian random sampling uses secondary data from annual reports published by related companies which are then quantitatively processed using the moving average autoregression method. We find that corporate social responsibility along with sales, employee performance and employee welfare is positively related to company profits.
Human Capital, Income and Job Opportunities in Indonesia
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Irji'Sa'Adi M. , Harnani Sri
Published: October 2021

This study used interviews with 150 online informal workers in Jakarta. 80% of the respondents we interviewed were high school graduates and 20% did not have a high school diploma. Based on the results of interviews, 70% of respondents who had high school certificates had worked in the formal sector and chose to work in the informal sector and respondents who did not have high school certificates had never worked in the formal sector. To anticipate the interview results, we collected secondary data from world banks and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics regarding data on unemployment in Indonesia, high school graduation and high school labor demand. Then we process all data in the form of an employment opportunity index which is calculated based on the supply and demand for labor where the supply of labor is the number of unemployed and graduated high school and the demand for labor in the demand for labor is high. school level. The income index is obtained from interviews with 150 informal workers by taking into account income while working in the formal sector, income in the informal sector and investment in education in the form of education from primary to final education. The human capital index is obtained from the difference in income and forecasting the difference in income of respondents who have a high school diploma and those who do not have a high school diploma. We use average data or all the data obtained is averaged based on a group of variables determined based on literature review and background and time series, then the regression is carried out using the moving average autoregression method. We find that human capital and job opportunities have positive relationship with income.
Poverty Alleviation, Education and Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Setyoasih Uti Rachel , Harnani Sri
Published: October 2021

This study examines government spending on education, economic growth and poverty in Indonesia. Where investment in education and economic growth reflected in GDP is calculated in USD and poverty is calculated per person or poor population using the mobile average autoregression method using secondary data from world banks. We find that education is able to reduce the number of poor people in Indonesia.
Education, work participation and income in Indonesia
Authors:   University Of Jember, Niken Wilantari Regina , Puspaningtyas Meinarti ,   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang
Published: October 2021

This study examines the relationship of education in encouraging work participation which in turn can increase the aggregate income of the people as indicated by an increase in GDP per capita in Indonesia. To achieve this goal, the Quantitative Threshold Autoregressive method is used to predict the behaviour of the data so that the behaviour of the relationship between data can be seen and can be seen the growth of community income and future work participation when investing in education is increased or done. We found that education is an important pillar in economic development. Education based on the estimation results requires a process in improving the quality of human resources and requires time in the process of increasing income. However, education can boost income and work participation in an aggregate manner so that the population can be more prosperous.
Internet User and Income Consumption in an Effort to Empower MSMEs in Indonesia
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Rusminingsih Diah ,   University of Jember, Viphindrartin Sebastiana
Published: October 2021

This study aims to observe the growth impetus for internet users towards public consumption which further boosts people's income in Indonesia. To achieve this objective, data on internet user behaviour, consumption and GDP per capita were observed. This study uses the Quantitative Threshold Autoregressive method which is used to predict the behaviour of the data so that the relationship behaviour between the data can be seen. The hope is that knowing past behaviour data can be an indicator of decisions that can be taken in the future. All data are secondary data from world banks.We found that Internet users are the total internet users in Indonesia who are able to boost people's income as indicated by GDP per capita. Where the internet users' impulse towards consumption is very strong. This indicates a massive growth in business lines as a result of the Internet revolution in Indonesia, namely trading businesses that involve digital technology.
Strategic Human Resource Management, Regulatory Violation and Job Satisfaction in Malaysia
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Sulisnaningrum Ema ,   Humboldt University of Berlin, Braun Agatha
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the level of employee job satisfaction, employee compliance with work regulations and human resource management strategies by conducting online interviews with 512 government and private employees in Malaysia by random sampling, then quantifying for regression using the autoregression moving average model. We find that the level of employee satisfaction is positively related to employee compliance with job regulations and the level of quality of strategic resource management in companies or government agencies.