bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DOPAMINE BINDING IN A TRANSPLANTABLE ISLET CELL TUMOUR OF GOLDEN HAMSTER
Authors: Cegrell L. , Nordgren L. , Rosengren A. M. , Rosengren E.
Published: August 2010

Differential centrifugation of homogenates from a transplantable islet cell tumour of the golden hamster revealed that most of the 5‐hydroxytryptamine and histamine, but, surprisingly, only a small part of the dopamine, is bound to particles. Of the dopamine that could not be spun down by centrifugaticn, about one‐third was included in a non‐dialysable fraction that could be precipitated by addition of ammonium sulphate and, moreover, the dopamine runs together with the proteins on a Sephadex G‐25 column. These observations suggest that part of the tumour dopamine is not particle‐bound, but is associated with protein.
ABORTION IN MICE INDUCED BY ELLAGIC ACID
Authors: Moe Narve
Published: August 2010

Ellagic acid was injected intravenously into mice at day 8, 12, or 16 of pregnancy. In all animals given this treatment there was an increased frequency of abortion. Platelet‐fibrin masses were found in the lungs, in the great majority of the mice given ellagic acid at day 16 of gestation. The study seems to show that there is a tendency to thrombosis in pregnancy of the mouse.
PRIMARY POLYCYTHAEMIA
Authors: Visfeldt Jakob
Published: August 2010

In previous investigations the presence of clones of bone marrow cells with abnormal karyo‐types were demonstrated in patients suffering from primary polycythaemia (P.P.). Among the first 50 patients of our series, a total of 21 cases with clone formations was found, comprising from 25 per cent to 100 per cent of the bone marrow cells analysed. All 21 clones were found in treated patients. The karyotypes of the clones are described in detail. In three cases the karyotypes were aneuploid, the remaining 18 clones presenting diploid karyotypes. On the basis of purely morphological studies it is discussed whether the karyotypes in the 18 clones are balanced. It is concluded that by the present analytical technique this question can hardly be solved. In 6 cases karyotypes with a deleted F‐group chromosome were found, in another 2 cases, in addition to other abnormalities, there was a deleted F‐group chromosome. The specificity for P.P. of the deletion of an F‐group chromosome is discussed and it' is concluded that some degree of association exists between the F‐deletion and P.P. However, it is pointed out that the F‐deletion has been found occasionally also in patients with other haematological disorders. In 5 cases clones were found in patients with P. P. who died subsequently in acute leukaemia. No fundamental differences between the karyotypes of these clones and those of the other clones observed in our series were demonstrated. The large size of the clones shows that the clone cells must possess selective advantages, but the factors determining the propagation of clones are unknown. It is also uncertain whether the large clone formations found in patients with P.P. are in any way related to the increased incidence of leukaemia.
COMPARISON OF LUNG CANCER MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN SWEDEN 1959‐66
Authors: Larsson Sture
Published: August 2010

A comparison between the lung cancer incidence and mortality in Sweden during the 8‐year period 1959‐66 is presented. The incidence was higher than the mortality and the difference increased towards the end of the period. Conceivable explanations are discussed. The mortality attained 86 per cent of the incidence in the 4‐year period 1963–66. The difference was especially pronounced in the age groups under 70 years. Analysis of an unselected series of patients with primary lung cancer showed that it could probably not be attributed to divergencies between patient categories under and over 70 years in the distributions of histological types but very likely to an effect of successful surgery in the lower age groups.
GLOMERULAR LESIONS IN ADULTS WITH THE SCHÖNLEIN‐HENOCH SYNDROME
Authors: Brun Claus , Bryld Carl , Fenger Lise , Jørgensen Finn
Published: August 2010

Renal biopsy specimens from four adult patients with the Schönlein‐Henoch syndrome and complicating renal disease were examined by light and electron microscopy. By light microscopy three patients showed diffuse hypercellularity of intercapillary cells and hyper‐plasia of intercapillary cell matrix in almost all glomeruli. From twenty to fifty‐five per cent of all corpuscles from these patients had epithelial crescents in Bowman's capsule. In one patient with focal and segmental proliferative changes, but without crescents, focal and segmental thrombosis and necrosis were found. Three patients had moderate to severe glomerular infiltration with Polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Electron microscopy confirmed the proliferation of intercapillary cells and hyperplasia of intercapillary cell matrix. Hypercellularity of visceral epithelial cells and endothelial cells were not found. In the epithelial crescents of Bowman's capsule two cell types could be recognized: dark cells and light cells. In between these cells basement membrane‐like material was demonstrated. Electron dense deposits were seen in the subendothelial space of the basement membrane, and in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. To a lesser degree, similar deposits were found in the intercapillary region, in the subepithelial space, and in visceral epithelial cells. No “humps” were observed.
IMMUNOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE WITH ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS TUMORIGENESIS IN RATS
Authors: Jonsson Nils
Published: August 2010

Rats, inoculated when newborn with Rous sarcoma virus (SR‐RSV), were inoculated with irradiated syngeneic Rous tumour cells or with syngeneic lymphoid cells from specifically immunized donors. Treatment with irradiated tumour cells gave no demonstrable protection, while administration of specific immune lymphoid cells before and in some experiments a few days after SR‐RSV inoculation had a protective effect. Together with the fact that both tumour‐negative and tumour‐positive rats show a high degree of cell‐mediated and humoral immunity the results indicate that the rapidity with which the cell‐mediated immunity develops plays an important role for the progressive growth or elimination of the neoplastic cells.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF RENAL ARTERIOLAR CHANGES IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Authors: Pasternack A. , Törnroth T. , Martio J.
Published: August 2010

Kidney biopsies from five patients with ankylosing spondylitis were studied electronmicro‐scopically. In four patients renal arteriolar changes were observed. The structure and distribution of the lesions corresponded to the descriptions of renal arteriolar hyalinosis occurring in other conditions. There was nothing to suggest that the deposits originated from the cells, the elastic tissue or the basement membrane of the arteriolar wall. Their origin appears likely to be haematogenous. Immunological events are possibly involved in producing the vascular lesion.
PRIMARY SARCOMA OF THE HEART
Authors: Gudjóansdóttir ÁSa , Hägerstrand Inga
Published: August 2010

Primary heart tumours are extremely rare and have apparently never been reported in Sweden. At autopsy, we have had the opportunity of seeing a sarcoma of the heart with certain features of angiosarcoma. In this case the clinical symptoms had been blurred by a coexisting heart defect and thereby precluded demonstration of any relation between the cardiac symptoms and the tumour. Neither were laboratory data helpful in assessing the age of the tumour.
THE INTRARENAL VASCULAR ALTERATIONS IN RADIATION NEPHRITIS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Ljungqvist Arne , Unge Gunnar , Lagergren Curt , Notter Gustav
Published: August 2010

Unilateral radiation nephritis was induced in 20 rats. This regularly resulted in the development of hypertension, but only after removal of the non‐irradiated kidney. The increase in blood pressure was unrelated to uraemia. The irradiated kidneys showed typical micro‐angiographic alterations consisting in a reduction of the cortical vasculature, whereas the medullary vasculature was well visualized. These alterations were ascribed to glomerular lesions induced by the irradiation. Renal arteriolosclerosis was mild or absent. The juxtaglomerular cell granulation was increased in the non‐irradiated kidney early after irradiation, and tended to return to normal levels by prolongation of the interval from irradiation to removal of the non‐irradiated kidney. It is suggested that: (i) the non‐irradiated kidney exerts a protective action on the blood pressure level in unilateral radiation nephritis, (ii) the development of hypertension after removal of the non‐irradiated kidney is due to an altered vascular pattern in the irradiated kidney resulting in a relative cortical ischaemia, and (iii) the radiation causes an acute damage of the juxtaglomerular cells, which, in the present experiments, was reversible.
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF MALLORY BODIES
Authors: Lyon Hans , Christoffersen Per
Published: August 2010

On a consecutive series of 34 liver biopsies a histochemical study of Mallory bodies has been performed. This has shown, that the Mallory bodies contain unconjugated basic protein, ribonucleic acid, glycogen and some other non‐acid carbohydrate component as well as phospholipid. Further NADH‐diaphorase, acid phosphatase and esterase activity has been demonstrated. It is concluded that Mallory bodies thus contain more or less decomposed mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum.
THYMIC RELEASE OF LYMPHOCYTES IN GUINEA‐PIGS TREATED WITH 5‐FLUORODEOXYURIDINE
Authors: Ernström U. , Nordlind K.
Published: August 2010

Guinea‐pigs were treated with different doses of 5‐FUdR and investigated at different intervals from the treatment. The weight of the different lymphoid organs was registered. The release of lymphocytes from the thymus was determined by comparison between the content of lymphocytes in blood from the thymic vein and from the carotid artery. In one group the blood flow through the thymus was determined and the total output of lymphocytes from the thymus per min was calculated and compared to that in normal animals. The results showed that, among the lymphoid organs, the thymus was the one most sensitive to 5‐FUdR. No regeneration of thymic weight was seen within 16 days. Both spleen and cervical lymph nodes showed initial atrophy, followed by a rapid recovery. The release of thymic lymphocytes was abolished 2 days after a single dose of 5‐FUdR. At 4 days a release of both small and large cells occurred. At 8 and 16 days again no export occurred. The release of lymphocytes after 4 days coincided with the rapid regeneration of the spleen and lymph nodes. It is suggested that the release of premature lymphocytes from the involuted thymus is due to a regulative feed‐back mechanism from the non‐thymic lymphoid tissue depleted of lymphocytes.
KARYOTYPIC PROFILE ALTERATIONS IN EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOUR CELLS DURING DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE TO DAUNORUBICINE
Authors: Hasholt Lis , Visfeldt Jakob , Danø Keld
Published: August 2010

Karyotype determinations were made on a wild Ehrlich ascites tumour and on a subline which was made resistant to daunorubicine (DNR) by long‐term treatment with this drug. During the development of resistance, karyotypic alteration occurred, with a change from near‐tetraploidy to hyperdiploidy and the appearance of marker chromosomes which were not found in the original tumour. The resistance was gradually lost on cessation of DNR treatment. A tumour subline which, after having been resistant, had become sensitive again, presented a karyotype resembling that of the original tumour. Another tumour which had partially lost its resistance, was composed of a mixture of cells with karyotypes characteristic either of the sensitive or of the resistant tumour. It had been found previously that the rate of growth in the resistant tumour was lower than that observed in the sensitive one. The loss of resistance was explained by abundant growth of sensitive cells present in the resistant tumour. The possibility of checking loss of resistance clinically by examining the karyotype of the malignant cells is discussed.
PLACE OF RENIN FORMATION IN RABBIT UTERUS II
Authors: Eskildsen Peter Claes
Published: August 2010

One to eight weeks after autotransplantation of isolated endometrial or myometrial tissue into the eyes of rabbits the transplants were found to contain higher renin concentration than the tissue in situ. Castration‐resulted in a marked decrease, and subsequent estradiol treatment in a significant increase in the renin concentration of the grafts, as well as of the tissue in situ. Renin is thus formed in both endometrial and myometrial tissue of the rabbit uterus. Grafts of ureter and of renal artery contain the same, extremely low, concentrations of renin as these tissues in situ. The iris from eyes grafted with endometrium contained renin, while this was not the case in eyes with myometrial grafts.
MALLORY BODIES IN LIVER BIOPSIES WITH FATTY CHANGES BUT NO CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Christoffersen Per , Juhl Erik
Published: August 2010

A comparison of histologic and biochemical parametres between 16 patients with fatty change of the liver and Mallory bodies and 67 patients with fatty change without Mallory bodies is performed. Greater activity expressed by the number of liver‐cell necroses, degree of inflammatory reaction, fibrosis of the parenchyma, and transaminase elevation is found in the group with Mallory bodies. The importance of Mallory bodies for the development of fatty change into cirrhosis is discussed, and the importance of a follow‐up investigation is stressed.
SIMULTANEOUS EPIDERMOID CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE PORTIO/ CERVIX AND THE ENDOMETRIUM OF THE UTERUS
Authors: Hou‐Jensen Klaus
Published: August 2010

Two cases of epidermoid carcinoma in situ of the portio/cervix and the endometrium of the uterine body of a 58‐year‐old and a 76‐year‐old woman are presented. The histology is described and the differentiation of the precancerous epithelium is discussed on the basis of the literature. The indifferent basal‐cell is suggested to be the cell of origin of physiological as well as pathological proliferations which to some extend may be influenced by the stromal changes.
RELATION BETWEEN CEASED URINE EXCRETION AND POSTNEPHRECTOMY INCREASE IN RENIN SUBSTRATE
Authors: Bing Jens , Jørgensen Jørgen
Published: August 2010

Vesico‐venous anastomosis or urine‐infusion in rats resulted in a marked increase in renin substrate, which increase, however, on an average was less pronounced than that found in nephrectomized rats. These results do not allow an unambiguous answer to the question of the role of ceased urine excretion in the postnephrectomy increase in renin substrate in rats. Peritoneal dialysis did not affect renin substrate in normal rats, but increased it in uninephrectomized rats and in binephrectomized rats. The post‐binephrectomy increase in substrate was markedly more pronounced when both kidneys were removed simultaneously than when nephrectomy was performed in two steps.
CYTOLOGY BY THE FILTER IMPRINT TECHNIQUE
Authors: Nielsen N. Højgaard
Published: August 2010

A modification of Volet's filter imprint technique was applied to a number of cytological specimens. The imprint technique was compared with the original membrane filter technique with a view to cellular density, cell preservation and detail, as well as diagnostic accuracy. The result shows that the imprint method is quick, simple to perform, and in respect to diagnostic accuracy it is equal to or even superior to the standard membrane filter method. Lastly, as far as urinary specimens are concerned, both methods appear to give somewhat more accurate diagnostic results than the conventional centrifugation‐smearing technique, although this aspect was not thoroughly investigated.
THE CHROMOSOMAL FINDINGS IN SEVEN HUMAN NEURINOMAS AND ONE NEUROSARCOMA
Authors: Mark Joachim
Published: August 2010

The chromosomes of 7 neurinomas and one neurosarcoma were studied. Three of the neurinomas had a normal, diploid stemline but the other four tumours had pseudodiploid‐hypodiploid stemlines. In the latter stemlines the chromosomal abnormalities were restricted to the groups B, C, E17–18 and G. The three, first mentioned chromosome groups also appeared to participate in the formation of markers, which were found in 3 of the 4 abnormal stemlines. The numerical and structural pattern in the neurinomas differed from that observed both in the meningomas and in the pituitary adenomas. The neurosarcoma had a hypertriploid mode, and the cells in the modal region usually had 12–14 markers. Due to the extensive chromosomal rearrangements in the sarcoma cells it was only possible to find a few karyological similarities between the neurosarcoma and the neurinomas.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MEGAKARYOCYTES IN POLYCYTHAEMIA VERA AND CHRONIC GRANULOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Lagerlöf Bengt , Franzén Sixten
Published: August 2010

Megakaryocytes from patients with normal haematopoiesis, patients with polycythaemia vera (PCV) and patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) were examined in the electron microscope. In addition to the usual cytoplasmic organelles, a regular finding in normal megakaryocytes was the presence of specific granules. The normal megakaryocytes were also characterized by the presence of the platelet demarcation system. The first evidence of this system was small vesicles, which increased in number, became elongated, and formed demarcation tubules and membranes, delimiting the future platelets. Finally, the platelets were demarcated. After platelet production was completed, the end result was a naked nucleus almost completely devoid of cytoplasm. Megakaryocytes from patients with PCV differed from normal megakaryocytes in certain aspects. They could show hypertrophy of both nucleus and cytoplasm, as well as an increase in the amount of ribosomes. Rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, which was not a regular finding in normal cells, appeared in most megakaryocytes from patients with PCV. Some cells appeared abnormal in that they showed no signs of differentiation towards thrombopoietic activity although the cytoplasm was abundant. In occasional cells, tubular‐like double‐membrane limited profiles enclosing stranded material were found. The megakaryocytes from patients with CGL were generally hypotrophic, but had a well‐developed platelet demarcation system. In two patients with CGL, defective development of the demarcation system was encountered in some cells. These cells showed actual demarcation of platelets in spite of very sparse development of the demarcation system.
STUDIES ON THE LYMPHOCYTES IN THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM OF THE CHICKEN
Authors: Bäck Ove
Published: August 2010

Seven‐week‐old male chickens were injected intravenously with 3H‐thymidine. The presence of labelled lymphocytes in the ileal epithelium was studied by means of autoradiography at various times after injection. There was a significant increase in the labelling index, i.e. the percentage of labelled epithelial lymphocytes, here called theliolymphocytes, between 1 hour and 48 hours after labelling. This increase was considered to be due to both mitosis of labelled theliolymphocytes and immigration of labelled lymphocytes from the lamina propria. During the following 4 days the labelling index decreased. The labelling index in top and base regions of the villi did not differ. The labelling indices of the theliolymphocytes 48 hours and 6 days after 3H‐TdR administration were significantly higher than the percentages of the labelled peripheral blood lymphocytes at corresponding times. This finding suggests an accumulation of labelled lymphocytes in the intestinal epithelium. In the top regions of the villi, where most of the absorption from the intestine takes place, there was a significantly higher proportion of labelled theliolymphocytes in the apical zone than in the intermediate and basal zones of the epithelium. No such difference was found in the base regions of the villi. The significance of these findings are discussed in relation to current views on the association of epithelial cells and lymphocytes during the development of lymphoid tissues.
ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVER AND LIVER TUMOURS IN THORIUM‐DIOXIDE PATIENTS
Authors: Visfeldt Jakob , Poulsen Hemming
Published: August 2010

Among 5819 autopsies carried out over the years 1966 to 1969, 6 cases were found having thorotrast deposits in the liver. One case presented non‐specific reactive hepatitis, and 5 cases had cirrhosis. The cirrhoses were of the irregular type, in 4 cases with recent and long‐lasting confluent necroses, in all 5 cases with extensive passive septa. The morphogenesis of the thorotrast cirrhosis is discussed on the basis of the histological changes. Four of the patients had malignant tumours which are likely to be induced by thorotrast deposits in the liver: mesothelioma, angiosarcoma, hepatoma and cholangiohepatocarcinoma. Angiosarcomas develop relatively frequently in the liver in thorotrast patients, and in the majority of cases these tumours contain large blood‐filled cavities. Consequently, liver biopsy without previous angiography is contra‐indicated in cases where former intravasal application of thorotrast is known or suspected. In all 6 cases the cause of death is regarded as late effects of thorotrast administration.
IMPAIRMENT OF THE LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE TO PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ IN CHICKENS WITH MAREK'S DISEASE
Authors: Alm Gunnar V. , Siccardi Frank J. , Peterson Raymond D. A.
Published: August 2010

Spleen lymphoid cells obtained from White Leghorn chickens with Marek's disease exhibited a significantly impaired proliferative response to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) as measured by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine. While chickens infected by the intraperitoneal inoculation of infectious blood on the day of hatching still were able to mount a small PHA response, their contact‐infected pen mates completely failed to respond. Lymphoid tumour cells from the gonads of inoculated chickens with Marek's disease were not stimulated by PHA. Rather, a suppressive effect of PHA on these cells was noted.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE DECAY OF LYMPHOID CELLS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CASEIN‐INDUCED MURINE AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Claesson Mogens Helweg , Hardt Finn
Published: August 2010

Experiments were performed in order to study the decay of lymphoid cells in various lymphoid organs during the development of casein‐induced amyloidosis in mice. Furthermore the decay was studied after acceleration of the amyloid formation by nitrogen mustard. The decay was calculated on the basis of the nigrosin‐dye exclusion test on lymphoid single‐cell suspensions. A significant increase of decay was observed early in the induction phase, in the spleen and in the thymus. The decay in the axillary lymph node (regionally to the site of casein injections) and the mesenteric lymph node was unaffected by the treatment. During acceleration of the amyloid formation the decay of lymphoid cells was increased in all organs examined. The results indicate a relationship between the decay of pyroninophilic cells and the formation of amyloid.
INFLUENCE OF SUPERIOR CERVICAL SYMPATHECTOMY ON TRAUMATICALLY INDUCED BRAIN OEDEMA
Authors: West Kurt A.
Published: August 2010

Traumatic brain oedema was induced in rabbits by trephine craniotomy which causes circumscribed thermal injury to underlying structures. The amount of oedema was estimated as the per cent water content in brain as determined after heat combustion. The water content was thus measured in the brain of non‐sympathectomized animals and after bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy, with or without additional trephine traumatization. Changes in brain water simply reflecting altered cerebral blood volume after sympathectomy could be corrected for. Sympathectomy 32 hours before water determination caused about 50 per cent reduction in the amount of traumatic brain oedema. At 5 days the degree of oedema was of the same magnitude as in the non‐sympathectomized animals subjected only to trephination. Fifteen days after sympathectomy the amount extended 50 per cent above that in the trephinized, non‐sympathectomized animals. It is suggested that the cranial sympathetics can modify the extent of a traumatic brain oedema through its action on the cerebrovascular system.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL STUDIES OF RECTAL BIOPSIES IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Hage Esther , Andersen Finn Utzon
Published: August 2010

Light microscopy of rectal mucosa from patients with c. f. could not confirm the occurrence of morphological alterations which have prior been described as characteristic of c. f. Neither could electron microscopy reveal alterations in the fine structure of goblet cells, principal cells and endocrine cells.
RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS
Authors: Marcussen Henrik , Asnæs Stig
Published: August 2010

In the course of thirteen years, 5994 postmortem examinations were done, among which six cases of renal cortical necrosis were found. These are classified according to microscopical changes. Only three were registered as complications to obstetric diseases. The manifestation of microfibrin thrombosis is found to bee an essentiel factor in the pathogenesis of the condition. According to the similar findings in the generalized Shwartzman reaction, the pathogenesis of renal cortical necrosis is discussed and it is presumed that this condition is confined to a common mechanism, through a varying clinical picture and apparently different pathogenesis.
APPLICATION OF POINT‐COUNTING TECHNIQUE TO THE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CORONARY AND AORTIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Rissanen Viljo , Pyörälä Kalevi
Published: August 2010

A modification of the point‐counting technique applicable to the quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries is described. The results obtained by this technique are well reproducible and the accuracy of the method is equal to that of planimetry. With the point‐counting technique described it is possible to assess the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries with the same accuracy as the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta is assessed with the point‐counting technique described earlier by Mitchell & Cranston.
ELECTRONMICROSCOPICAL STUDY OF MUSCLE BIOPSIES FROM HEALTHY YOUNG PEOPLE Methodology and Results
Authors: Reske‐Nielsen Edith , Harmsen Aage
Published: August 2010

Electronmicroscopy has been performed on biopsy material from human striated muscle—obtained on the basis of voluntariness and good‐will of eleven young, healthy students. The results are presented in this paper, which deals with the following two main subjects: 1. Information concerning the technical procedures used in this laboratory with remarks on certain important points at different stages in the preparation. 2. The results of an extensive electronmicroscopical investigation of these biopsies which revealed a rather pronounced morphological variation in young, healthy, human subjects. The classic electron‐microscopic morphology of striated muscle has in reality for many years been based on animal experiments. This investigation in healthy human subjects has demonstrated a morphology basically identical to that of animal muscle, but it seems as if additional elements must be regarded as necessary parts of a true electronmicroscopic picture of striated muscle in man.
STUDIES ON CASEIN‐INDUCED AMYLOIDOSIS IN MICE WITH CONGENITAL APLASIA OF THE THYMUS
Authors: Hardt F. , Claësson M. H.
Published: August 2010

The mouse mutant nude suffers a congenital aplasia of the thymus, which results in a nearly total lack of thymus dependent lymphoid cells. In spite hereof amyloidosis was induced in nude mice with prolonged casein stimulation. The development of amyloidosis exhibited the usual pattern of distribution, but the induction time was significantly shorter in nude mice than in normal littermates. No circulating casein‐antibodies were found in nude mice during the development of amyloidosis. The possible role of tolerance as a pathogenetic mechanism in amyloidosis is discussed.
ENZYME STUDIES IN MAN WITH EXTRA‐HEPATIC BILIARY OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Aronsen K. F. , Hägerstrand I. , Nordén J. G.
Published: August 2010

In an investigation of liver biopsy specimens from patients with extra‐hepatic biliary obstruction, an increase was found in the products of histochemical reactions for acid phosphatase, beta‐glucuronidase, non‐specific esterase and succinic dehydrogenase around bile pigments, for alkaline phosphatase in sinusoids and canaliculi, for adenosine triphosphatase in sinusoids and some canaliculi with loss in others. Leucine aminopeptidase outlined irregular and thickened canaliculi, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase increased number of stained thin canaliculi.
EFFECT OF FRACTURE ON RAT PLATELETS
Authors: Endresen G. K. M. , Grüner O. P. N.
Published: August 2010

Experimental fracture in rats was followed by simultaneous increase in platelet count, platelet stickiness, and occurrence of intravascular platelet aggregates in sections of lungs and kidneys. The method used for estimation of platelet stickiness thus seemed to reflect conditions in vivo.
ON FACTORS RELATED TO SPONTANEOUS HEALING OF RUPTURED INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS
Authors: Nyström Stig H. M.
Published: August 2010

Ninety‐four intracranial aneurysms were examined with the aim of finding what spontaneous organizing processes may lead to strengthening of the aneurysmal wall. The aneurysms were examined with a dissecting microscope, by microradiography and histopathologically. The following types of changes affording protection against recurrence of subarachnoid haemorrhage were considered: a) innervation in relation to spasm close to the neck of the aneurysm, b) thrombosis of the aneurysm, c) reparative processes at the site of rupture, d) development of whole new walls, e) organizing processes related to fatty atheromatoses and calcifications, f) possible regeneration of elastic and muscular tissue, and g) formation of new blood vessels in the walls of the aneurysms. No real regeneration of elastin or medial layer seems possible; however, pre‐existing clumping fragmented elastica may be seen. During development of either a membrane or an atheroma leading to calcification, there is still a danger of rebleeding until the process is complete in relation to the aneurysmal wall, i.e., until a complete tight new sac has formed or a yellow thrombus completely filling the aneurysmal sac has developed or a complete calcification of the entire aneurysmal wall has taken place.
PATHOGENESIS OF C‐CELL NEOPLASIA IN THYROID GLAND
Authors: Ljungberg Otto , Dymling John‐Fredrik
Published: August 2010

Hypertrophy and focal nodular hyperplasia with tumour‐like proliferation of the C‐cells was observed in thyroid tissue removed from a 64‐year‐old male with non‐toxic adenomatous goitre and primary hyperparathyroidism. The patient was found to have an enlarged parathyroid gland consisting exclusively of waterclear cells. It appeared likely that chronic hypercalcaemia had been responsible for the C‐cell proliferation. Morphological similarities between the thyroid change of the present case and the early stages of some forms of medullary thyroid carcinoma suggest that this neoplasm could arise from hyperplastic foci of C‐cells. It is emphasized that chronic hypercalcaemia may be one aetiological factor in human C‐cell neoplasia, including some types of medullary carcinoma. This implies that medullary carcinoma might have been secondarily induced by the parathyroid adenoma in some of those patients in whom both of these manifestations have been encountered.
THE PROLIFERATION KINETICS OF L 1210 ASCITES TUMOUR
Authors: Dombernowsky Per
Published: August 2010

The proliferation kinetics of leukemia L 1210 ascites tumour grown in DBA/2 × NMRI mice was determined. Using the host life‐span method we found a tumour doubling time of 11.7 hours. The doubling time determined by cell counting was 10 hours from day 4–6, 25 hours between day 6 and 7 and about 75 hours from day 7–9 with a standard inoculum of 105 cells. Autoradiography of tumour cells after Thymidine 3H labelling on day 6 after transplantation showed a cell cycle time of 22 hours derived from the per cent labelled mitoses curve. The time spent in DNA synthesis was 15 hours. Continuous labelling showed a growth fraction very near 1. The discrepancy between our data and the data published by other authors is discussed. Neither host life‐span of the mice nor cell doubling time were measurable affected with a dose of 1.0 μCi Thymidine 3H per gram of mouse used in the studies.
FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF RENAL TRANSPLANTS IN RABBITS RELATION TO GRAFT THROMBOSIS AND NECROSIS
Authors: Myhre‐Jensen Olaf , Lund Bengt
Published: August 2010

The fibrinolytic activity of renal transplants in rabbits was studied by the fibrin slide technique, a histochemical substrate‐film method for the demonstration of tissue activator of plasminogen. Biopsy and graftectomy specimens from seven autografts, four allografts, and eight allografts from recipients presentized against the donor kidneys, were studied. The findings were semiquantitated and compared with the presence of graft thrombosis and necrosis. All the grafts demonstrating a decrease in fibrinolytic activity after transplantation developed thrombosis and cortical necrosis; and all the grafts showing thrombosis and necrosis had decreased fibrinolytic activity. Only one case with focal cortical necrosis in the graft without any thrombi had no decrease in fibrinolytic activity of the graft. The decrease in fibrinolytic activity seemed to precede the occurrence of thrombosis and necrosis.
INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA OF GASTRIC ARTERIES IN PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM
Authors: Danielsen Lis , Kobayasi Takasi
Published: August 2010

Small arteries of the gastric wall of one patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) and four patients without this disease were examined. For comparison skin of normal appearance from light‐protected areas of 5 PXE and 5 non‐PXE patients was studied. In some of the gastric arteries of the PXE patient, the internal elastic lamina and surrounding tissues showed the typical ultrastructural alterations seen in PXE skin lesions, i. e. large irregular calcium deposits inside and around elastic tissue, and, in the surroundings, a thready material of unknown nature and twisted, partly split, collagen fibrils. In addition, calcification of collagen was observed. “Senile” degeneration of the internal elastic lamina of gastric arteries and of dermal elastic fibres was observed in the controls as well as in the PXE patients. No typical PXE change could be demonstrated in elastic tissue without histochemical evidence of calcification. In PXE, calcification of the internal elastic lamina of gastric arteries seemed to precede a severe degeneration as well as a disruption of the internal elastic lamina and an irregular thickening of the intima.
LIGHT MICROSCOPICAL FEATURES IN LIVER BIOPSIES WITH MALLORY BODIES
Authors: Christoffersen Per
Published: August 2010

A study of the morphology and staining reactions of Mallory bodies is given on the basis of a consecutive series of 62 liver biopsies with Mallory bodies. Two types of Mallory bodies are described according to size and age. The differential diagnostic problems are discussed and the histological changes in liver biopsies containing Mallory bodies are described.
CARDIAL COLLOID
Authors: Reintoft Ingermarie , Christensen Hans Ewald
Published: August 2010

An unselected autopsy series of 71 patients was investigated for the occurrence of cardial colloid. The change was found in 51 per cent of the cases (36 patients). The different types of the morphology and histochemistry of cardial colloid are described. A similarity between the chemical composition of cardial colloid and amyloid was found, and possibly the pathogenesis of both substances has much in common. In one fourth of cases of cardial colloid small amyloid precipitates were found in the alveolar septa and arteries of the lungs. As cardial colloid more often is found in old age the change possibly bears relationship to senile amyloidosis.
EVIDENCE FOR LOCAL RENIN FORMATION IN THE RABBIT OVIDUCT
Authors: Eskildsen Peter Claes
Published: August 2010

The uterus, oviduct, vagina, mesometrium and ovary of mature rabbits all contain renin, by far the highest concentrations being found in the uterus and in the isthmic segment of the oviduct. In contrast to the uterine renin the concentration of the oviduct does not increase significantly during maturity or terminal pregnancy, while oestradiol administration results in a marked increase in both uterus and oviduct. Surgical separation of the oviduct from the uterus results in some decrease, but not disappearance of the renin in the oviduct. Intraocular grafts of oviduct in immature, oestradiol treated and in mature, hysterectomized animals contain renin concentrations equal to or higher than those of the oviduct in situ. These findings show that the oviduct contains renin‐producing cells.
PROSTATIC WEIGHT IN ELDERLY MEN
Authors: Haugen Olav A. , Harbitz Thorstein B.
Published: August 2010

Prostatic weight was analysed in a consecutive autopsy series of 172 men over 40 years of age among whom none had clinically manifest carcinoma of the prostate or had previously been subjected to prostatic surgery. The weight of the prostate increased with age only in glands showing benign nodular hyperplasia (BNH). Carcinoma often occurred in small glands (less than 20 grams), and carcinomatous glands generally had lower weight than glands with BNH alone. Prostatic weight showed a positive and significant correlation to body weight. Patients dying from cardiovascular disease and patients with clinically manifest diabetes mellitus had higher prostatic weight than others. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation between prostatic weight and age. On the other hand, a strong correlation between age and BNH existed. Thus, when age was not included in the analysis, it was shown that of the factors tested in the present series, the presence of BNH, body weight, death from cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus were of significance for prostatic weight variability, although the total effect of these factors was relatively low. It may be advisable to correct for these factors in analyses of prostatic weight in an autopsy material.
THE IN VITRO MATURATION OF THE EMBRYONIC CHICKEN THYMUS
Authors: Alm Gunnar V. , Sällström Jan F.
Published: August 2010

An organ culture technique is described which permits the lymphoid development of the thymic anlagen of 10‐day‐old chick embryos for at least 10 days in vitro. Grid organ cultures of a modified Trowell type were employed. Among several tissue culture media tested, Waymouth's MB 752/1 medium gave superior results. In initial experiments this medium was supplemented with heat‐inactivated horse serum and embryo‐extract. Subsequently it was found that this supplement could be substituted for by chicken serum alone. The morphological development of the embryonic thymic anlagen in organ culture has been characterized. Typical lymphoid cells developed from the initial lymphoid precursor cells. Late in the culture period, large numbers of small lymphocytes appeared. Extensive cell proliferation was demonstrated during the first 6 days of culture by means of autoradiography. This organ culture technique should facilitate the further analysis of factors influencing thymic lymphocytopoiesis as well as of the role of the thymus in the development of lymphocyte functions.
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN GLOMERULAR SIZE AND RENAL VOLUMES IN ATROPHIC, NORMAL, AND HYPERTROPHIC HUMAN KIDNEYS
Authors: Wiltrakis Mark G.
Published: August 2010

The following components of total renal volume were quantitated in 14 human kidneys affected by generalized atrophic or hypertrophic conditions: superficial cortex, columns of Bertin, medulla, and pelvis. These components were found to be present in proportions that were quite constant and essentially the same as those previously found in normal kidneys. Thus all parts of the kidney are equally responsive to generalized atrophic or hypertrophic conditions. In normal as well as abnormal kidneys, the mean glomerular diameter was found to be related to total renal (or cortical) volume, but in highly different manners for normal and abnormal kidneys. Glomeruli of greatest diameter were found in kidneys having high demands for renal function: in hypertrophic abnormal kidneys, or in normal kidneys of small renal volume, having increased functional demand per nephron. Smallest glomeruli were observed in kidneys with low functional demand: in atrophic abnormal kidneys or in normal kidneys of greatest renal volume, having small functional demand per nephron.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES A OF ORAL EPITHELIAL CELLS BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND IMMUNOPEROXIDASE METHODS
Authors: Dabelsteen E.
Published: August 2010

Variation in the expression of blood group antigen A of oral squamous epithelial cells was demonstrated by serial two fold titrations with immunoperoxidase (IP) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining methods. Cells from 6 non‐secretor individuals and 15 secretor individuals, all belonging to blood group A1, were tested. Cells from non‐secretor individuals reacted weakly with IF staining and negatively with IP staining. Cells from secretors reacted with both staining methods and with much higher endpoint titres than the non‐secretor cells. A considerable variation in endpoint titres was found in both groups.
INTRACRANIAL HIBERNOMA
Authors: Vagn‐Hansen P. L. , Osgård O.
Published: August 2010

A case is presented in which an intracranial hibernoma ‐ behaving completely like a meningeoma as regards symptoms and macroscopical appearance ‐ was first identified during the postoperative histological examination. When the tumour was cut through, the surface was found to be brownish‐yellow and numerous tiny pearls of fat swam onto the surface of the liquid in which the tumour was placed. Histologically there were no difficulties in the differential diagnosis against meningeoma. This tumour has not earlier been described in relation to the meninges and the central nervous system.
CHROMOSOME ANALYSES OF HUMAN TUMOURS FOLLOWING HETEROTRANSPLANTATION TO THE MOUSE MUTANT NUDE
Authors: Visfeldt J. , Povlsen C. O. , Rygaard J.
Published: August 2010

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the chromosomal constitution in a number of solid human tumours after transplantation to the mouse mutant nude, suffering from thymic aplasia. The nude mouse was found to have a normal murine karyotype. The chromosome analyses were made on tumour tissue, using a direct method without previous cultivation. The most important result of the investigation is that only cells with chromosomes of human type were found. The majority of the cells analyzed were hyperdiploid, presenting an appreciable variation in the chromosome numbers. In some cases it was possible to transplant the tumours in the nude mice serially. In tumour cells both from early and late passages, only karyotypes which contained nothing but human chromosomes were found. Hence, no hybridization or total chromosomal species shift was revealed in the heterotransplantation system employed.
AMYLOID‐LIKE SUBSTANCE SURROUNDING MAMMARY CANCER AND BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Sümegi I. , Rajka G.
Published: August 2010

A particulary substance by the authors termed “elastic amyloid” occurs in cases of mammary cancer and cutaneous basal‐cell carcinomas. The substance displays some properties similar to those of classic amyloid, such as staining with Congo‐red, responsiveness to methyl‐violet, iodine green and Lugol's solution. It is however not birefringent after staining with Congo‐red and is stained by elastica stains. A maturation process of the material seems to develop which suggests similarities to changes observed in experimental amyloidosis. The relation of the “elastic amyloid” to immunological processes around nests of mammary cancer and basal cell carcinoma is discussed.
DISAPPEARANCE OF THE ANTI‐ANAEMIA LIVER PRINCIPLE FOLLOWING DISTAL RESECTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN PIGS
Authors: Petri Svend , Petri Claus
Published: August 2010

After operative elimination of the distal two‐thirds of the small bowel young pigs developed, in the course of some months, a condition similar to that previously induced by total gastrectomy. In these pigs too, a disappearance of the anti‐anaemia principle was demonstrated in extracts from the liver. Only this particular change will be discussed in the present paper. It is presumed to be due to the removal of a selective absorption area.
EXTRACARDIAC RHABDOMYOMA
Authors: Mikulowski Pawel
Published: August 2010

A case of a rhabdomyoma of the neck tissues is described. The tumour was accidentally found during an autopsy in a 78‐year‐old woman. The tumour showed histologically classical patterns without any evidence of malignancy. The problems of differential diagnosis are discussed.
INFLAMMATORY CELLULAR REACTION IN HYPERTENSIVE VASCULAR DISEASE IN MAN
Authors: Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

It is demonstrated that an inflammatory mononuclear cellular infiltration into hypertensively damaged arterioles and small arteries takes place in man, independent of the aetiology of the systemic hypertension. This cellular infiltration was observed both in vessels in which marked degenerative changes were recognized and in vessels in which no degenerative changes could be observed under the light microscope. The mononuclear cellular infiltration is possibily due to a hypersensitivity of the delayed type.
IMMUNOLOGICAL FACTORS AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN MAN
Authors: Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

Twelve patients suffering from systemic hypertension without symptoms of collagen disease or other types of systematic disease with the exception of arterial hypertension were examined with a view to concentrations of serum immunoglobulins. One patient showed a percentage increment of the immunoglobulins and five patients showed absolute increments of the serum immunoglobulins. Two patients showed raised levels of IgA, one patient of IgG, one of IgM and one patient of both IgG, IgA and IgM. Biopsies were obtained from the kidney, the liver, the skeletal muscles and the skin of the latter patient but any signs suggestive of a collagen disease were not found. The raised values of the serum immunoglobulins occured in patients in whom the systemic hypertension was of short duration, estimated on the basis of the subjective symptoms, and the patients were people in whom the arterial hypertension was new‐discovered. It is discussed whether the raised levels of serum immunoglobulins in hypertensive patients are an index of the hypertensive damage of the blood vessels or whether some cases of systematic hypertension are auto immune diseases.
ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE LUNG OF DOMESTIC FOWL
Authors: LÄnsimies Esko , Karkola Kari
Published: August 2010

The enzyme histochemistry was studied in the lung of domestic fowl in normal state and after left pulmonary artery ligation (PAL). Immediately after PAL, non‐specific esterase activity increased in the epithelial cells and the tertiary bronchi. Naphthylamidase reaction increased intensely in the epithelium and adjacent structures after PAL. After PAL, air/ blood capillary network showed pronounced tetrazolium reductase activity in a corona‐like circle around bronchi. It was concluded that the active transport mechanisms seem to be disturbed immediately after PAL, but no severe ischaemic changes were observed. A temporary activation of energy yielding process was noted in the capillary network near the tertiary bronchi. A proliferative or inflammatory process is perceptible in the epithelium of the tertiary bronchi and the walls of the bronchial atria.