bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postmodern Education as a Factor of Innovative Distance Learning in Quarantine
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Kyrylenko Kateryna , Davydova Zhanna ,   Private Institution of Higher Education "Kharkiv International Medical University", Derkach Larysa ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Zinchuk Ruslana ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Synelnykova Iryna ,   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Husak Andrii ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University
Published: January 2022

The article talks about the postmodern education system, its focus on the modernization of distance learning in connection with quarantine, which requires new integration approaches to the organization and content of the educational process in higher education institutions. Innovative pedagogical technologies of distance learning are analyzed, in particular, the essence of inverted learning technology is described. A systematic approach to the integration processes in postmodern education as a result of the search for new innovations and the organization of distance learning as a universal and most humanistic form of learning, which initiates multivariate strategies for the innovation process in the hyperspace of European education and cultivates the integration of educational values. The author's ideas on creating optimal conditions for the adaptation of a particular applicant for higher education to the requirements of the distance learning and professional environment with an innovative information technology system are substantiated. The optimal conditions for the information-technological system of activating interactive communication of all participants of the educational process not only of a certain university, but also outside it, thanks to Smart-learning are determined. Innovative changes in personnel management of postmodern education as the main factor of effective strategy of management of distance learning, capable to be provided only by competitive teachers with a high level of display of creativity in professional skill are outlined. Algorithms of optimal actions of personnel management on introduction of innovative technologies of distance learning in the conditions of quarantine taking into account prevention of conflicts and crisis states at participants of educational process in the conditions of pandemics and unexpected educational changes are developed.
The Benefits of Digitization for Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: CODREANU Carmen Mariana
Published: January 2022

Digital technologies are awaited to have an enormous influence on developing countries’ forecasts for economic growth. Digitization will remodel business activities in many directions. Many organizations and services have remained unlocked during COVID-19 by embracing new concrete distancing practices and technology to maintain their business running and their workers secure. The SME sector is essential to economies around the globe. With normality and revival from the pandemic in sight, it is more important than ever for SMEs to highlight from opponents, be as efficient and successful as possible and provide help to the country’s economic recovery. The devices and technology available now can assist to reduce costs, grow effectiveness and grow appearance. By projecting a digital transformation journey and using the first measures to develop a business by inserting in place simple but efficient digitalization devices, SMEs can help future-proof their offering and establish flexibility for years to arrive.
Communication Challenges in Inclusive Education Faced by Deaf and Non-deaf People
Authors: Kompara Mark , Hölbl Marko , Welzer Družovec Tatjana
Published: January 2022

This is a consolidated report on the work done in Intellectual Output One: Communication Challenges for the Advancing Inclusive Education Through International Sign - InSign project. This report combines and summarises the results obtained in national reports done by project partners from Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Portugal, and Slovenia. This document includes information on national sign languages, support for deaf people and their learning possibilities in different countries. In one section, we will review the status of International Sign in all the partner countries. We have also performed surveys done primarily with students to measure how they perceive deaf people, how they understand sign language and the difficulties deaf face in the education system. In this document, we analyse the data collected across the project partners. Each partner has also performed a guided interview with those most familiar with the deaf community (deaf themselves, educators, interpreters etc.) to help better understand the circumstances and answer some of the questions difficult to find in literature. The Consolidated Report summarises interview findings from national reports with the main takeaways.
Herausforderungen in der Kommunikations im Bereich Inklusive Bildung für gehörlose und nicht gehörlose Menschen
Authors: Kompara Marko , Hölbl Marko , Welzer Družovec Tatjana
Published: January 2022

Dieser Bericht konsolidiert die Arbeiten, die im Rahmen des InSign Projektes zum “Intellectual Output One: Communication Challenges for the Advancing Inclusive Education Through International Sign” durchgeführt wurden. Die Ergebnisse der nationalen Berichte der Projektpartner aus Zypern, Deutschland, Griechenland, Portugal und Slowenien werden kombiniert und zusammengefasst. Das Dokument enthält Informationen zu den nationalen Gebärdensprachen und die Unterstützung für Gehörlose und deren Lernmöglichkeiten in den verschiedenen Ländern. Ein Abschnitt gibt den Überblick zum Status zu Internationalen Gebärden in allen Partnerländern. Wir haben vor allem mit Schülern Umfragen durchgeführt, um zu messen, wie Menschen Gehörlose wahrnehmen, wie sie die Gebärdensprache verstehen und welche Schwierigkeiten Gehörlose im Bildungssystem haben. Die Analyse der von den Projektpartnern gesammelten Daten ist dokumentiert. Jeder Partner hat außerdem ein leitfadengestütztes Interview mit Personen durchgeführt, die mit der Gehörlosengemeinschaft am besten vertraut sind (Gehörlose selbst, Pädagogen, Dolmetscher usw.), um die jeweiligen Umstände besser zu verstehen und einige der Fragen zu beantworten, die in der Literatur schwer zu finden sind. Die Interviewergebnisse aus den nationalen Berichten sind im Bericht mit den wichtigsten Erkenntnissen zusammengefasst.
A VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA AS MULHERES NO BRASIL: uma análise feminista, antirracista e anticapitalista
Authors: Costa Renata Gomes da , Paz Mariana Teixeira da , Oliveira Carolina Rubano de
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo analisa alguns dos resultados do projeto de pesquisa “Os fundamentos da violência contra as mulheres no Brasil”, que investiga a origem e a estrutura deste fenômeno, com base em uma análise documental no “Atlas da Violência 2020”,no “Anuário de Segurança Pública 2020” e no documento “Estatísticas de gênero indicadores sociais das mulheres no Brasil (IBGE-2018)”, para coletar dados referentes às situações de violência contra as mulheres.Após essa sistematização, faz uma revisão da literatura empírica, ou seja, reinterpreta os dados a partir de um debate teórico que articula violência contra as mulheres, racismo e patriarcado. O principal resultado da investigação aponta que a violência é uma das consequências da imbricação dos três sistemas de dominação-exploração, ou seja: patriarcado, racismo e capitalismo.VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN BRAZIL: a feminist, antiracist, and anticapitalist analysisAbstractThis paper analyzes some of the results of the research program “The foundations of violence against women in Brazil”, which investigates the origin and structure of this. In 2020, a documentary analysis based on the “Atlas of Violence 2020”, in the “Yearbook of Public Security 2020” and in the “Gender statistics social indicators of women in Brazil (IBGE-2018)” document, to collect data referring to situations of violence against women. After this summing up, a review of the empirical literature, that is, reinterprets the data from a theoretical debate that connects violence against women, racism, and patriarchy. The main result points out that violence is one of the consequences of the overlapping of the three systems of domination-exploitation, namely:patriarchy, racism, and capitalism.Keywords: Patriarchy; Racism; Capitalism; Violence against women.
O COVID-19 E AS VÍSCERAS DA NECROPOLÍTICA BRASILEIRA SOBRE A SAÚDE DOS CORPOS NEGROS
Authors: Silva Eliaidina Wagna Oliveira da
Published: January 2022

Esta pesquisa integra literaturas sobre necropoder e segregação dos corpos negros como políticas de descartes raciais. A leitura de Borges (2020), Fernandes (2008, 2017), Foucault (2005), Gomes (2019), Nascimento (2016), Mbembe (2019) denuncia uma necropolítica de semente colonizadora, que é voltada ao genocídio negro, e encontra na pandemia do covid19 a estufa para as mortes etiquetadas pelo racismoDestaca que a maior mortandade da peste pandêmica a agir dentro desses grupos marginalizados é a sistematização secular de um segregacionismo não oficializado, mas resistente. Concluique o mito da democracia racial é o mecanismo de marginalização mais agressivo a ser combatido, porque é o que mais reflete na desumanização das vidas negras, ao desacreditar medidas de inclusão social positiva.THE COVID-19 AND THE VISSCERA OF THE BRAZILIAN NECROPOLITICS CONCERNING THE HEALTH OF BLACK BODIESAbstractThis research integrates literature on necropower and segregation of black bodies as racial discard policies. Reading Borges (2020), Fernandes (2008, 2017), Foucault (2005), Gomes (2019), Nascimento (2016), Mbembe (2019) denounces a necropolitics of colonizing seed, which is focused on black genocide, and finds in the covid-19 pandemic, the stove fordeaths tagged by racism Highlights that the greatest death toll from the pandemic plague acting within these marginalized groups is the secular systematization of an unofficial but resistant segregationism. It is concluded that the myth of racial democracy is the most aggressive marginalization mechanism to be fought, because it is the one that most reflects in thedehumanization of black lives, by discrediting measures of positive social inclusion.Keywords: Necropolitics; Covid-19; Racism; Racial democracy.
DIMENSÃO JURÍDICA DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE ATENÇÃO ÀS MULHERES ENCARCERADAS E EGRESSAS DO SISTEMA PRISIONAL
Authors: Sá Luana Rodrigues Meneses de , Flores Andréa
Published: January 2022

Este artigo busca responder ao seguinte problema: a abordagem Direito e Políticas Públicas (DPP) é adequada para proporcionar uma aproximação com a dimensão jurídico-institucional da Política Nacional de Atenção às Mulheres em Situação de Privação de Liberdade e Egressas do Sistema Prisional (PNAMPE)? O objetivo é documentar o programa de ação citado para viabilizar o estudo do seu funcionamento efetivo. Para tanto, utiliza o “Quadro de Referência de Políticas Públicas”, ferramenta metodológica proposta pela Bucci (2015), adotando a abordagem Direito e Políticas Públicas (DPP). Ressalta a existência de pontos críticos relacionados aos elementos importantes do programa, como o descumprimento das disposições previstas na base normativa da PNAMPE, e conclui que todas as dificuldades relatadas foram identificadas através da aproximação possibilitada pelo supracitado Quadro de Referência.LEGAL DIMENSION OF THE NATIONAL POLICY OF ATTENTION TO WOMEN DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY AND EGRESS IN THE PRISON SYSTEMAbstractThe problem of the article is: the Law and Public Policy (DPP) approach adequate to provide an approximation with the legalinstitutional dimension of the National Policy of Attention to Women in Situation of Deprivation of Liberty and Egress in the Prison System (PNAMPE)? The objective is to document the aforementioned action program to enable the study of itseffective functioning. To that end, it uses the methodological tool known as the"Public Policy Reference Framework" (BUCCI, 2015), which takes the approach of law and public policy (DPP). The conclusion indicates the diagnosis of critical points connected with the important elements of the program, such as non-compliance with the provisions of the normative basis of the PNAMPE, pointing out that allreported were identified through the approximation possiblyby the Reference Framework.Keywords: Law and public policy approach; Reference framework; Prison system; Female incarceration.
PRIVATIZAÇÃO DE FUNÇÕES SOCIAIS DO ESTADO BRASILEIRO: estudo a partir da política pública de saúde
Authors: Santos Liliam dos Reis Souza
Published: January 2022

O artigo aborda a privatização das funções sociais do Estado brasileiro a partir da terceirização da gestão de serviços públicos de saúde. Faz um debate teórico sobre o Estado e sua relação de unidade dialética orgânica ao capitalismo; mostra as bases legais dessas modalidades de gestão e da contrarreforma da saúde no Brasil; traz dados sobre a prevalência dessas entidades no Brasil e dos elementos que evidenciam a privatização. Assevera que esse processo solapa as pretensões públicas do Estado e mostranovo meio de apropriação da riqueza coletiva pelo capital.PRIVATIZATION OF SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAZILIAN STATE: a study based on public health policyAbstractIt addresses the privatization of the Brazilian State's social functions through the outsourcing of the management of public health services. It makes a theoretical debate about the State and its relation of the organic dialectical unity with the capitalism; presents the legal bases of these modalities of health management and counter-reform in Brazil; brings data onthe prevalence of these entities in Brazil and the numbers that show privatizations. It states that this process submits the public intentions of the State and shows a new way of appropriating collective wealth by capital.Keywords: State; Privatization; Health policy.
ENTRE A HISTÓRIA E A SOCIOLOGIA: o materialismo histórico como crítica da cultura
Authors: COSTA JÚNIOR JOSÉ DOS SANTOS , BARRERO JÚNIOR ROGER CAMACHO
Published: January 2022

O materialismo histórico dialético consiste em uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica de análise histórica, formulado inicialmente por Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels a partir da leitura crítica da filosofia de Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel na segunda metade do século XIX. O texto propõe uma discussão teórico-metodológica sobre este referencial, apontando a historicidade da teoria, as transformações ocasionadas no materialismo histórico pela geração de intelectuais britânicos na década de 1960 por meio da New Left Review e o diálogo interdisciplinar que potencializou a análise das culturas e da formação da classe trabalhadora. As implicações temáticas e teóricas do materialismo na pesquisa empírica são caracterizadas e demonstradas por meio das obras de Edward Thompson e Dorothy Thompson, caracterizando as duas trajetórias intelectuais, as escolhas realizadas e as críticas que articularam acerca do marxismo e materialismo dos anos 1960 e 1970.
Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay Men and Its Consequences in a Separation Context
Authors: Roy Valérie , Thibault Sylvie , Tudeau Matis , Fournier Claudia , Champagne Claudia
Published: January 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects gay men in a particular way with regard to its prevalence, forms, and consequences. There are still many aspects of the problem that require research. We know for example that the separation of the partners does not always put an end to IPV. It is not however known how it evolves in relationships between separated men, since our knowledge has been developed mainly with couples in heterosexual relationships. Based on the results of a qualitative study conducted in the Province of Québec, this article describes IPV and its consequences in a separation context. We initially conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 23 men who had experi-enced violence in the overall separation context of their intimate relationship with another man. We then conducted two discussion groups with 14 practi-tioners from related fields. These results showed that the partners’ union and separation were not binary and that the separation instead follows a three-phase process. Different acts of psychological, sexual, physical, and economic violence and their consequences were reported during these different phases. This study allows us to deepen our understanding of the IPV experienced by gay men in a separation process. It particularly sheds light on acts of violence rooted in a heterosexist social context and in the context of different types of sexual agreements. Implications for practitioners working with gay men who are subjected to or perpetrate IPV as well as for educators and state policymakers are discussed.
Parents' shares on Instagram in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: ER Sühendan , YILMAZTÜRK Nergis Hazal , ÖZGÜL Tuba , ÇOK Figen
Published: January 2022

Many people had to stay at home with their families during the pandemic because of social distancing guidelines and lockdowns. This study aims to explore the content of 'sharenting' of parents during the early COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine periods in Turkey. In total, 401 posts were collected from public Instagram accounts of parents who shared their own children's photos or videos between 18th-30th April 2020, via the most commonly used hashtags of #korona (#corona) and #evdekal (#stayhome). Descriptive content analysis was conducted within identified categories. Results revealed that the popular hashtag #stayathome is particularly important for its optimistic representation of the lockdown process in society. Content analysis results show that with the inclusion of social media shares, family members spent more time together, which can be seen as one of the positive consequences of this period. In the results of continued sharenting during the early pandemic, children's faces were mainly kept visible, which might concern children's privacy. Additionally, mothers shared more during this period. Consequently, education to increase awareness of such concepts gains importance, especially for the well-being and privacy of children and any future implications.
Preservice science teachers’ informal reasoning and scientific habits of mind: A case of hydroelectric power plants
Authors: KALIN Burak , NAMDAR Bahadir
Published: January 2022

This study investigates preservice science teachers' informal reasoning and scientific habits of mind about hydroelectric power plants. The sample of the study consists of 587 preservice science teachers who studied in four different universities in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Data were collected through a questionnaire that consists of four open-ended questions regarding a hydroelectric power plant construction and the scientific habits of mind scale. Content analysis was used to analyze the questionnaire. The same data were then subjected to quantitative descriptive analysis. In the analysis of quantitative data, the Jamovi program was used. Independent samples t-test was used to determine the relationship between scientific habits of mind and informal reasoning. Results indicated that the preservice science teachers mostly used ecological-oriented informal reasoning mode, and counterarguments were the least created argument component. Preservice science teachers’ the least used informal reasoning mode was social-oriented. Informal reasoning quality of students with high scientific habits of mind score was found to be high, but no significant difference was found between the total number of informal reasoning modes and scientific habits of mind scores. In line with the results, implications were provided for preservice science teacher education.
AI in Online-Learning Research: Visualizing and Interpreting the Journal Publications from 1997 to 2019
Authors: Hwang Gwo-Jen , Tu Yun-Fang , Tang Kai-Yu
Published: January 2022

This study reviews the journal publications of artificial intelligence-supported online learning (AIoL) in the Web of Science (WOS) database from 1997 to 2019 taking into account the contributing countries/areas, leading journals, highly cited papers, authors, research areas, research topics, roles of AIoL, and adopted artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. Results indicate that, from 1997 to 2009, AIoL research focused on the combination of intelligent tutoring systems and distance learning. In 2010–2014, AIoL research emphasized learner-oriented learning. In 2015–2019, learner-system interactions to facilitate personalized, adaptive, and collaborative learning became the main focus. “Intelligent tutoring systems” have played the most important role in AIoL, followed by “profiling and prediction,” and “adaptive systems with personalization.” Accordingly, the roles and research trends as well as several suggestions for future research in the field of AIoL are provided as a reference for researchers and policy makers.
Correlation of IL-1β Level and Body Temperature to the Severity of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Andriani Inge , Utariani Arie , Hamzah Hamzah
Published: January 2022

Introduction: IL-1β and IL-6 are cytokines that have major roles in cytokine storms and endogenous pyrogens. Several studies have also displayed the effectiveness of IL-1β inhibitors in COVID-19 patients in minimizing severity and mortality. Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation between IL-1β and body temperature with ARDS severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical observational study with a prospective cohort design. A total of 54 patients have met the inclusion criteria from July to September 2020. This study mainly applied the Spearman-Rho, Mann Whitney, free sample T2 test, and Chi-Square test. Results and Discussion: The correlation between body temperature and IL-1β levels in COVID-19 patients with ARDS did not show a statistically significant difference towards mortality and ARDS severity, as shown by the p-value > 0.05 in the analysis tests of each of the variables studied. Nonetheless, the occurrence of ARDS (p = 0.022), the severity of ARDS (p = 0.001), application of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.00), secondary infection (p = 0.00), and length of stay (p = 0.042) were found to be statistically significant towards COVID-19 patients’ mortality. Conclusion: Body temperature does not correlate with the occurrence of ARDS, the severity of ARDS, mortality, and IL-1β levels. IL-1β levels and transformation in IL-1β levels also do not correlate with mortality as well as the occurrence and severity of ARDS, but the use of mechanical ventilation, secondary infection, and length of stay were correlated with mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Effectiveness and Safety of Prolonged Needle Decompression Procedures in Tension Pneumothorax Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Koeshardiandi Mirza , Wicaksana Zulfikar Loka , Semedi Bambang Pujo , Avidar Yoppie Prim
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic that is still ongoing today. This is a new challenge for health workers in handling emergency cases. Several COVID-19 patients arrived at the hospital with severe respiratory problems. Meanwhile, other pathological conditions causing respiratory failure must also be considered, such as pneumothorax. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effective emergency procedures to treat COVID-19 cases with tension pneumothorax. Case report: A 45-year-old male patient arrived with a referral letter from a pulmonologist with a diagnosis of simple pneumothorax and pneumonia. The patient also presented a positive SARS COV-2 PCR test result. The patient complained about a worsening of shortness of breath. A symptom of dry cough for 14 days was also reported. Chest radiograph examination subsequently indicated right tension pneumothorax. In the emergency ward, needle decompression procedure connected to the vial containing sterile intravenous fluids was performed. Re-examination of the chest x-ray demonstrated right pulmonary re-expansion. The patient was monitored and after four days, needle decompression was removed and no chest tube was inserted because complete resolution of the lungs had occurred. Discussion: This case illustrates that tension pneumothorax causes worsening of the patient's condition with COVID-19 diagnosis. In another case of tension pneumothorax in a COVID-19 patient, needle decompression of the 2nd intercostal space and the mid-clavicular line was performed as initial treatment followed by chest tube insertion as definitive treatment. However, in this case, chest tube approach was not carried out because the patient had demonstrated clinical and radiological improvement and a worsening condition had not occurred. Conclusion: Prolonged needle decompression connected to a vial containing sterile intravenous fluids as deep as 2 cm from the water surface is an effective procedure in the management of tension pneumothorax even without the installation of a chest tube.
Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using CUPRAC method
Authors: Sayakti Putri Indah , Anisa Norma , Ramadhan Hafiz
Published: January 2022

Background: Antioxidants are a group of organic molecules and enzymes that work synergistically to enhance cellular defenses and combat oxidative stress. Antioxidants can come from plants because they contain many groups of phytochemical compounds and vitamins. One of the plants that has compounds with antioxidant activity is cassava. Objective: To measure the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of cassava leaves using the CUPRAC method. Methods: Cassava leaves were extracted by maceration using methanol as a solvent with the addition of 5% H2SO4. Phytochemical screening of flavonoids with Mg and HCl, while phenol with the addition of FeCl3. The antioxidant activity based on the reaction of the test solution with CUPRAC reagent. Antioxidant activity can be determined by IC50 value by using x value as concentration and y value as absorbance. Results: The results of phytochemical screening showed that the methanol extract of cassava leaves contained flavonoids and phenolic groups. The antioxidant capacity of the methanol extract of cassava leaves obtained an IC50 value of 156.03 ppm, while quercetin has a very strong capacity as an antioxidant with an IC50 of 9.83 ppm. Conclusion: The methanol extract of cassava leaves has a weak antioxidant capacity in reducing metal ions. Keywords: Cassava leaves, Manihot esculenta Crantz, methanol extract, antioxidants, CUPRAC.
Evaluasi pelayanan kefarmasian dan mengukur tingkat kepuasan, waktu tunggi pelayanan resep dokter di puskesmas betung kota kabupaten banyuasin
Authors: Sriwijaya Reza Agung
Published: January 2022

Background: Pharmaceutical services play an important role in the success of patient treatment in health centers, therefore it is necessary to evaluate the management of pharmaceutical preparations and clinical pharmacy services and see the level of patient satisfaction and waiting time for prescriptions in health centers by comparing those stipulated in the regulation of the minister of health no 74 of 2016 and no 129 year 2008 Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the management of Consumable Medical Materials (BMHP) services, clinical pharmacy services based on Minister of Health Regulation No. 74 /2016 and Permenkes no 129/2008. Methods : This research is an observational, experimental, quantitative descriptive, cross-sectional study with prospective data collection, survey methods and interviews. Measuring instrument research, questionnaire sheet, which has been validated. Inclusion criteria are pharmacy staff who are responsible for pharmacy services at Betung Public Health Center, Banyuasin Regency. The data obtained in the form of qualitative and quantitative descriptive data. Result : The results of the study obtained services according to Permenkes No. 74 of 2016 management of pharmaceutical preparations and medical consumables of 88.26% (good) and clinical pharmacy services 26.2% (less) especially in Drug Information Services (PIO), Monitoring of Side Effects Drugs (MESO), and Drug Therapy Monitoring (PTO), the visits have not been carried out, patients are very satisfied with the services of the Betung Health Center and the average waiting time for prescription services is 4 minutes 13 seconds according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 129 Year 2008. Conclusion : Pharmaceutical services that are in accordance with Permenkes No.74 of 2016 on the management of pharmaceutical preparations and BMHP are in accordance with 88.26% but clinical pharmacy services are not in accordance with Permenkes 74/2016 by 21.3% (less category), especially in clinical pharmacy services which What has not been implemented is drug information service (PIO) by 33.05% and what has not been implemented, namely monitoring of drug side effects (MESO) and monitoring of drug therapy (PTO), Visit by 0%. The level of patient satisfaction is very satisfied with the puskesmas services with a percentage of 81.3% seen from the 5 dimensions, the average value of waiting time for prescription services is 4 minutes 13 seconds according to the Ministry of Health no. 129 in 2008. Keywords: puskesmas, pharmaceutical services, Permenkes
Shark conservation: Analysis and synthesis
Authors: Darvell Brian W , Porcher Ila France
Published: January 2022

The market for shark fin soup, a fashionable, high-end Chinese dish, has resulted in intensive shark fishing across all oceans. At the same time, 90% of teleost fish stocks are over-exploited, making sharks the most lucrative target: fisheries that have not previously hunted them are now. As top and middle predators, sharks have high ecological value and poor capacity to withstand fishing mortality, but though their numbers are plummeting, the secretive nature of the fin trade, along with the difficulties of obtaining relevant data, obscure their true status. In consumer countries, shark fin is a luxury item and rich consumers are willing to pay high prices. There is little interest in sustainability or legal trade. Thus market demand will continue to fuel the search for sharks and those accessible to fishing fleets are increasingly endangered. Current legal protections are not working, as is clearly seen in the case of the shortfin mako. Claims that sharks can withstand such targeted, industrial hunting and be sustainably fished under these circumstances are shown to be misguided. In the interests of averting a catastrophic collapse across the planet’s aquatic ecosystems, sharks must be given effective protection. We recommend that all sharks, chimaeras, manta rays, devil rays, and rhino rays be protected from international trade through an immediate CITES Appendix I listing. However, a binding international agreement for protection, not only of sharks, but of the loss of biodiversity in general, is what is most needed to allow marine and fresh water ecosystems to recover.
Flattening the Curve of Flexible Space Robotics
Authors: Sands Timothy
Published: January 2022

Infrastructure monitoring, inspection, repair, and replacement in space is crucial for continued usage and safety, yet it is expensive, time-consuming, and technical very challenging. New robotics technologies and artificial intelligence algorithms are potentially novel approaches that may alleviate such demanding operations using existing or novel sensing technologies. Space structures must necessarily be very light weight due to high costs of placing robots in space. Several methods are proposed and compared to control highly flexible space robotics, where a key challenge is the presence of flexible resonant modes at frequencies so low as to reside inside typical feedback controller bandwidths. Such conditions imply the very action of sending control signals to the ultra-light weight robotics will cause structural resonance. Implementations of incrementally increasing order are offered, achieving over ninety percent performance improvement in trajectory tracking errors, while improvement using unshaped methods merely achieve twenty-four percent improvement in direct comparison (where the only modification is the proposed control methodology). Based on superior performance, single-sinusoidal trajectory shaping is recommended with a corollary benefit of preparing future research into applying deterministic artificial intelligence whose current instantiation relies on single-sinusoidal, autonomous trajectory generation.
When is a CAT Index Futures Traded and Preferred to Reinsurance? – Tradeoff Between Basis Risk and Adverse Selection –
Authors: Ohashi Kazuhiko ,   Graduate School of Business Administration, Hitotsubashi University 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8439, Japan
Published: January 2022

Insurance risks have traditionally been borne in reinsurance markets. However, in the 1990s, after a series of huge natural disasters, and consequently massive insurance payments, the reinsurance markets reduced their capacity to bear risks. Insurance-linked securities, such as CAT (catastrophe) index futures contracts, were created to provide insurers with a way to transfer insurance risks to capital markets. However, two obstacles are preventing CAT index futures from being traded: the basis risk between insurers’ risks and the futures payoff, and adverse selection between informed insurers and uninformed investors in capital markets. This study investigates the conditions under which CAT index futures, whose payoff is the average of insurers’ losses, can be traded, and insurers choose CAT index futures rather than reinsurance to transfer their risks. The results show a trade-off: CAT index futures can be traded if the number of insurers in the index is large enough, since averaging multiple insurers’ losses can mitigate adverse selection in the index futures’ payoff. However, if the number of insurers in the index is too large, insurers prefer reinsurance to index futures due to the high basis risk in the futures’ payoff.
Lecturer’s Feedback toward Students’ Willingness to Communicate in Tertiary EFL Classrooms Interaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rahmatika Laily
Published: January 2022

The transformation of education during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted English teaching (EFL). To facilitate the successful implementation of this transformation, lecturers provide feedback to correct the error and enhance the skills of students to communicate. This study aims: (1) investigate the types of lecturer’s feedback used in the tertiary EFL interaction classroom during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) identify types of lecturer’s feedback effect on students’ willingness to communicate of the tertiary EFL interaction classroom during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a qualitative study, data were collected by observation, audio and video recording, and transcription within two online tertiary EFL classroom of the Department of English Education at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The result indicates that types of lecturer’s feedback into evaluative, interactive, corrective, and motivational feedback. Evaluative, corrective, and motivational feedback are identified effect in enhancing skills on students’ willingness to communicate. The results offer implications for language lecturers to be aware that providing feedback affects students' willingness to communicate success or failure.
Sequence stratigraphic interpretation in marginal marine settings by the approach of parasequence-thickness-to-sandstone-fraction ratio: Case studies of the Gallup and Ferron outcrops in the Western Interior Basin, U.S.A.
Authors: Wu Tuoyu , Bhattacharya Janok P. , Jung-Ritchie Logan
Published: January 2022

The parasequence-thickness-to-sandstone-fraction ratio (TSF) is a simple but potentially powerful tool to identify stratal stacking patterns and associated systems tracts in siliciclastic paralic sequences. Parasequence thickness (T) reflects accommodation, and the sandstone fraction (SF) may serve as a proxy for the rate of sediment supply. Although previous research shows the effectiveness of applying TSF techniques to sequence stratigraphic analyses in siliciclastic depositional environments, constraints and analytical procedures of the technique are still not clearly illustrated. The paleogeography and sequence stratigraphy of the Cretaceous Gallup system and Ferron Notom deltaic complex in the Western Interior Basin have been extensively studied, providing an opportunity to explore the applicability and detailed workflow of the TSF method. TSF analyses are conducted first on two representative measured sections from the Gallup and the Ferron outcrops, respectively. The TSF analyses of the two one-dimensional (1D) sections are capable of identifying transgressive–regressive (T-R) cycles of the two deltas. However, the 1D sections can reflect the accommodation and sediment supply change only at single locations, which limits their usefulness in identification of stratigraphically consecutive parasequences and composite bounding surfaces. The utility of TSF analyses on cross sections is then tested on a depositional-dip transect of the Gallup delta, as well as dip-oblique and strike-oblique cross sections of the Ferron Notom delta. Parameters of T and SF are acquired from measured sections as well as interpolated virtual sections. For both the Gallup system and the Ferron Notom deltaic complex, the cross-sectional TSF analyses are more effective in recognizing systems tracts and associated bounding surfaces than the TSF analyses in 1D sections. Because dip-oriented cross sections usually encompass both proximal and distal parts of parasequences, and preserve stratigraphically continuous successions, they can provide more complete information for TSF interpretations than strike-oriented cross sections. Above all, TSF analysis via both measured and virtual sections along a depositional-dip profile is inclined to result in sequence stratigraphic categories that best match those based on the full set of geological observations.

TSF analyses can also be used to identify general direction of shoreline trajectories in both the Gallup and Ferron Notom deltas. Parameterization of T, SF, and maximum progradation distance for both the Gallup and Ferron Notom parasequences are used to indicate shelf gradients throughout their deposition. The prominent differences of the shelf gradients between different deltaic parasequences indicate differences in allogenic and autogenic controls on the development of T-R sequences in these two deltas.
CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, BIOTA, AND DEPOSITIONAL PATTERNS WITHIN LOWER TRIASSIC CLASTIC AND CARBONATE DEPOSITS, MUĆ-OGORJE, CENTRAL DALMATIA (CROATIA)
Authors: FIO FIRI KARMEN , GOBO KATARINA , SREMAC JASENKA , MARKOVIĆ FRANE
Published: January 2022

The Lower Triassic of the Muć-Ogorje area in Central Dalmatia (southern Croatia) is characterized by clastic and carbonate deposits which are investigated through a 230 m thick succession. The fossil associations identified point to a Dienerian age for the lower, and a Spathian age for the upper part of the studied profile, while trace fossils suggest deposits of Smithian age in the middle part, enabling comparisons with other successions in the region. Changes in sedimentology and associated biota throughout the succession, and environmental conditions are reconstructed for seven facies associations, the distribution of which suggests multiple oscillations in relative sea level. Sedimentary structures point to the influence of high environmental energy, possible storms, with signs of tectonic influence in the studied area. The study deposits lack ooid limestone intervals, which are well represented in other Lower Triassic sections in Croatia, Slovenia, Italy, and Hungary. Moreover, the study section exhibits changes in biota abundance, presence of organic-rich laminae and pyrite, as well as changes in siliciclastic input and transgressive-regressive cycles, especially within the upper, Olenekian, part of the succession studied. The results confirm that environmental stress was persistent throughout the Early Triassic, and contribute to our better understanding of the aftermath of the end Permian extinction and the environmental conditions of the western Tethys epicontinental shelf area.
Drilling Automation - Why the Raptor Rig Never Drilled a Well
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: January 2022

Velociraptor is the name of extinct dinosaur from the Cretaceous Era and a drilling rig left behind by a company that died during last year’s COVID-19 event. Both creatures have a larger-than-life image.

The dinosaur is famous as a terrifying presence in the Jurassic Park movies. The cinematic terror was modeled after a far larger ancestor of the Velociraptor, a dinosaur the size of a wolf that fed on small animals, according to an account in National Geographic.

The Raptor rig, which was famous as Canada’s entry into the race to become the world’s first fully automated land rig, was created by a company that ran out of cash in the summer of 2020 after the deal to drill its first well was cancelled.

Its true capabilities will not be known unless the current owner finds a customer willing to support the work needed to finish the rig and find a first customer. Still, the story of the Raptor offers a look at the skills, resources, and partners needed to bring an automated rig to life.

The Raptor was conceived in a different era, back when North American drillers were racing to keep up with the demand arising from the shale boom, oil was selling for $100/bbl, and it took a lot longer than it does now to drill a horizontal well.

Among the beneficiaries was Reg Layden, a rig designer who had just developed an ultrafast-drilling heavy coiled tubing rig. The innovation drew positive notices, but drillers were not about to embrace coiled tubing, so he designed a rig with an automated rig floor that could connect sections of pipe far faster than humans.

His vision of the future was equipped with two derricks to allow continuous connections. One derrick would be connecting a section of pipe while the other would be readying the next one. They would roll back and forth, allowing one to be over the drill center while the other was readying the next stand.

The startup, Raptor Rig, brought in Halliburton as a backer. It bought 23% of the startup shares and began a series of cash advances at a time when competitors including Schlumberger and NOV were developing their own drilling automation innovations.

By 2015, the price of a barrel of oil had dropped to around $50, but an investor who was acting as spokesman for Raptor, Cameron Chell, predicted it would have a working rig by 2017, according to a story in Rigzone.

That deadline came and went and the advances from Halliburton exceeded $25 million. Work ended sometime during the summer of 2020.

The depth of the trouble was revealed when Halliburton filed suit at the end of July 2020 demanding payment for the nearly $29 million loaned to Raptor, which was secured by the rig and other property, according to court records in Calgary, Alberta.

That pushed the company to seek bankruptcy protection. Since Raptor lacked the cash to pay its debts, the court appointed a receiver to sell the assets to raise as much money as possible to pay its creditors.
Drilling Automation - Drilling Automation: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: January 2022

Predictions about how technology will evolve a decade from now are likely to be wrong.

In 2012, a group of 120 drilling and automation experts at an SPE workshop in Vail, Colorado, wrote a statement predicting what automated drilling would look like in 2025.

After working through the issues over 3 days in groups, they agreed on a short statement that offers a useful yardstick for how far the industry has progressed in the 9 years since.

Drilling automation is a dream that is just beginning to be realized. Since 2012, it has progressed further than many people thought possible back then.

The workshop participants, 30% of whom were from outside the oil industry—including the operator for the Mars Rover that was then on its journey to the planet—spent a weekend arguing about the future and crafted a vision statement summarizing what drilling will look like in 2025.

At the time, the statement seemed like a pipe dream to a lot of folks, said John de Wardt, who co-chaired the workshop. Since then he has tracked how drilling automation has evolved as the person in charge of the Drilling Automation Roadmap, an effort backed by the SPE Drilling Systems Automation Technical Section (DSATS) that lays out what needs to be done to make automation a reality and pro-vides information about the work already done.

Based on what he has been seeing lately, he thinks the predictions by the people at the workshop are looking good. “In another 4 years, I am beginning to believe this thing” will look pretty accurate.

He is also aware there are those who contend the skeptics got it right. Those conflicting views will likely come up at a presentation about the vision statement which is on the agenda of the seminar DSATS will hold before the 2022 IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference in March in Galveston, Texas.

“That should be an interesting debate, as some have told me it is coming true and others push back in absolute terms,” de Wardt said.

Sentence by Sentence

Right or wrong, the statement offers a workable checklist for what must be done for drilling automation to become a reality.

A close reading of the statement reveals a huge amount of change packed in every sentence.

By 2025 DSATS predicted rigs for which “well plans are uploaded into an interoperable drilling system that automatically delivers a quality wellbore into the best geological location.” So far, automation’s impact is more focused. There is growing use of programs that directly control certain critical functions such as directional drilling or tripping. More functions are being added over time, informed by increasing amounts of digital data analysis.

The next step is difficult: integrating all the automated functions to ensure maximum performance. The performance of a highly automated rig, such as the Nabors PaceR801, is based on how well it coordinates a complex sequence of steps.