bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future Research Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 and 5.0
Authors: Rane Jayesh , Kaya Ömer , Mallick Suraj Kumar , Rane Nitin Liladhar
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and other emerging technologies such as cloud, edge and quantum computing are converging to rewrite the landscape of modern industries and society as a whole. Comprehensive in scope, the book offers a detailed account of these inter-related domains current trends and future possibilities. Chapter 1: We begin by setting the stage with an overview on various trends, problems proposed to solve and road ahead provided by AI, Machine Learning and Deep learning from cloud, edge and quantum computing perspectives. The same is a comprehensive summary to provide perspective on the implications as one continuous stream of technology. It then discusses scalable and adaptive deep learning algorithms, which work in modern machine learning systems where there is a deluge of data. These algorithms sufficiently prepare AI technologies to face the challenges of increasing data as well as expansion of computational capabilities. Chapter three is Federated learning for Edge AI further makes privacy / personalization and security stronger. The amalgamation of blockchain emphasizes the robust and distributed nature of edge intelligence in modern IoT ecosystems. One of the most pressing issues in today's ethical landscape is that of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), and so the fourth chapter deals with some recent advances in explaining black-box models, providing a way to better understand -and thus potentially trust- AI-driven decision-making processes. This study explores the application of Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) in the contexts of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 giving insights on how automation can bring efficiency and innovation in different sectors. It also presents information on the challenges and opportunities that AutoML faces. In conclusion, the book discusses Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), which is a new topic that presents an ambitious view of what AI may be capable of in the future and some points to digest over how the concept might relate to our understanding on what industry may look like in the next stage of human evolution. Individually, these chapters offer a slice of the overall picture of where AI technologies are headed to keep pace with an advancing world.
Federated learning for edge artificial intelligence: Enhancing security, robustness, privacy, personalization, and blockchain integration in IoT
Authors: Rane Jayesh , Kaya Ömer , Mallick Suraj Kumar , Rane Nitin Liladhar
Published: October 2024

In order to enable edge artificial intelligence (AI) in Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a game-changing technique that addresses important issues like data privacy, security, robustness, and personalization. In contrast to conventional AI models that depend on centralized data gathering, FL allows edge devices to work together to jointly learn a shared model while maintaining localized data, greatly improving privacy and lowering transmission overhead. However, there are special difficulties when integrating FL with IoT, including heterogeneity in edge devices, a lack of computational power, and susceptibility to security breaches. This research investigates state-of-the-art developments in FL for edge AI, with an emphasis on strengthening security and resilience against adversarial attacks like model inversion and data poisoning. To guarantee that private information is kept safe, privacy-preserving methods like homomorphic encryption and differential privacy are examined. Furthermore, the study explores personalization techniques that enable FL models to adjust to the unique needs of individual IoT devices, enhancing system performance and user experience. The research also discusses how blockchain technology can be integrated into FL systems to improve their security and reliability.
Enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty in service quality through artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things, blockchain, big data, and ChatGPT
Authors: Rane Jayesh , Kaya Ömer , Mallick Suraj Kumar , Rane Nitin Liladhar
Published: October 2024

The swift progress of technology has revolutionized the service industry, empowering companies to augment customer contentment and allegiance by means of inventive resolutions. In order to improve service quality, this research investigates the integration of ChatGPT, Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML). Through process automation, real-time support, and preference prediction, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) enable tailored customer experiences. Through smart devices, IoT improves customer interactions and provides seamless, connected service environments. Long-term customer relationships depend on trust, data security, and transparency, all of which are enhanced by blockchain technology. Meanwhile, businesses can anticipate needs and optimize service delivery thanks to Big Data's deep insights into customer behaviour. ChatGPT is an AI language model that simulates human-like communication and instantly responds, revolutionizing customer engagement. It increases overall satisfaction, decreases wait times, and improves the effectiveness of customer service. By utilizing these state-of-the-art technologies, companies can strengthen their bonds with clients, increasing client satisfaction and loyalty.
Artificial intelligence-powered spatial analysis and ChatGPT-driven interpretation of remote sensing and GIS data
Authors: Rane Jayesh , Kaya Ömer , Mallick Suraj Kumar , Rane Nitin Liladhar
Published: October 2024

Geospatial analysis driven by artificial intelligence (AI) and combined with ChatGPT's features is revolutionizing remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In order to improve and automate the processes of remote sensing image interpretation, classification, and pattern recognition, this research investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in spatial data analysis. Because AI models, especially deep learning algorithms, offer greater accuracy and process large datasets more quickly than traditional methods, they have revolutionized tasks like land use/land cover (LULC) classification, vegetation health monitoring, and urban expansion detection. Advanced natural language model ChatGPT enhances the analysis by providing conversational, user-friendly interfaces for interpreting GIS outputs, thereby facilitating the interpretation of complex geospatial data by non-experts. Through this integration, ChatGPT's capacity to produce insights in real-time, condense results, and assist in making decisions based on spatial trends improves spatial analysis. This study also emphasizes how AI can help overcome problems like noise, data heterogeneity, and the growing amount of geospatial data produced by contemporary satellite technologies. Additionally, it talks about how AI-driven spatial analysis can help with urban planning, disaster relief, and climate monitoring.
Au-delà des normes. Déplacement et opposition chez Tierno Monénembo
Authors: Nshimiyimana Eugène
Published: October 2024

Dans l’avertissement à Les sept solitudes de Lorsa Lopez (1985), Sony Labou Tansi définit l’art comme « la force de faire dire à la réalité ce qu’elle n’aurait pu dire par ses propres moyens ou, en tout cas, ce qu’elle risquait de passer volontairement sous silence ». Chez Ross Chambers, cette force confère à la littérature le statut d’« enfant terrible » en ce sens qu’elle bouleverse les mentalités par sa volonté de « changer le monde » (Room for Maneuver, 1991). Rien ne peut mieux définir l’oeuvre de Monénembo, dont la tension morale se situe dans cet effort de faire dire à la réalité ce qu’elle ne voudrait pas articuler. Elle y arrive en prenant à contre-pied le réalisme par un décalage constant du référent, qu’il soit social, politique ou historique. L’écriture de Monénembo opère dans un « espace oppositionnel » (R. Chambers), où l’art du déplacement permet la liberté du dire. À partir de Les crapauds-brousse (1979), Les écailles du ciel (1986) et L’aîné des orphelins (2000), cet article montre comment la tactique de l’écart permet au romancier de contourner l’indicible du réel.
Exploration du voyage littéraire dans les romans de Tierno Monénembo
Authors: Nyela Désiré
Published: October 2024

Comment (re)lire aujourd’hui, avec justesse et pertinence, Tierno Monénembo ? Comment appréhender cet écrivain prolifique dont l’oeuvre peut s’avérer déroutante en raison de son grand éclectisme ? Telles sont les questions au coeur de notre réflexion sur une oeuvre romanesque qui, à bien y regarder de près, s’inscrit sous le signe de la traversée : traversée des langues, des genres, des lieux, des mémoires, des cultures ; une oeuvre dont le carrefour se veut résolument la matrice de l’écriture. Cet article examine l’oeuvre romanesque de Monénembo au prisme d’une trajectoire, et d’une double aventure – celle de l’écriture, celle de la lecture –, à saisir comme manifestation, dans sa dimension la plus performante, de la puissance même de la littérature.
Ambiances du quotidien dans Une heure de ferveur de Muriel Barbery
Authors: Balint Adina
Published: October 2024

Une heure de ferveur (2022) de Muriel Barbery, second roman d’un diptyque japonais, permet d’analyser les puissances d’imprégnation des ambiances et l’écriture du quotidien. Comment étudier l’ambiance – notion explorée d’abord par la philosophie, l’architecture et les études urbaines – dans un texte littéraire ? Quelles sont les thématiques qui permettent de la saisir ? Quelles sont les figures du discours qui la mettent en évidence ? Dans la foulée des travaux du théoricien de l’ambiance urbaine Jean-Paul Thibaud, cet article examine trois perspectives complémentaires : l’ambiance en termes de « pont » (entre-deux), de « ton » (tonalité, résonance) et de « fond » (arrière-plan) pour montrer sa capacité à imprégner des situations, à insuffler de la vie et à créer de la fluidité dans la narration littéraire.
A new quadra polynomial sequence
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Gazi University, Sevgi Emre
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we define a new quadra polynomial sequence by using Özkoç numbers as the coefficients. Then, we derive some properties for this polynomial sequence by the help of Fibonacci and Pell polynomials. Additionally, we attempt to define the companion matrix of this polynomial sequence.
Using large language models to create narrative events
Authors: Bartalesi Valentina , Lenzi Emanuele , De Martino Claudio
Published: October 2024

Narratives play a crucial role in human communication, serving as a means to convey experiences, perspectives, and meanings across various domains. They are particularly significant in scientific communities, where narratives are often utilized to explain complex phenomena and share knowledge. This article explores the possibility of integrating large language models (LLMs) into a workflow that, exploiting the Semantic Web technologies, transforms raw textual data gathered by scientific communities into narratives. In particular, we focus on using LLMs to automatically create narrative events, maintaining the reliability of the generated texts. The study provides a conceptual definition of narrative events and evaluates the performance of different smaller LLMs compared to the requirements we identified. A key aspect of the experiment is the emphasis on maintaining the integrity of the original narratives in the LLM outputs, as experts often review texts produced by scientific communities to ensure their accuracy and reliability. We first perform an evaluation on a corpus of five narratives and then on a larger dataset comprising 124 narratives. LLaMA 2 is identified as the most suitable model for generating narrative events that closely align with the input texts, demonstrating its ability to generate high-quality narrative events. Prompt engineering techniques are then employed to enhance the performance of the selected model, leading to further improvements in the quality of the generated texts.
Advanced neural network-based model for predicting court decisions on child custody
Authors: Abrar Mohammad , Salam Abdu , Ullah Faizan , Nadeem Muhammad , AlSalman Hussain , Mukred Muaadh , Amin Farhan
Published: October 2024

Predicting court rulings has gained attention over the past years. The court rulings are among the most important documents in all legal systems, profoundly impacting the lives of the children in case of divorce or separation. It is evident from literature that Natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) are widely used in the prediction of court rulings. In general, the court decisions comprise several pages and require a lot of space. In addition, extracting valuable information and predicting legal decisions task is difficult. Moreover, the legal system’s complexity and massive litigation make this problem more serious. Thus to solve this issue, we propose a new neural network-based model for predicting court decisions on child custody. Our proposed model efficiently performs an efficient search from a massive court decisions database and accurately identifies specific ones that especially deal with copyright claims. More specially, our proposed model performs a careful analysis of court decisions, especially on child custody, and pinpoints the plaintiff’s custody request, the court’s ruling, and the pivotal arguments. The working mechanism of our proposed model is performed in two phases. In the first phase, the isolation of pertinent sentences within the court ruling encapsulates the essence of the proceedings performed. In the second phase, these documents were annotated independently by using two legal professionals. In this phase, NLP and transformer-based models were employed and thus processed 3,000 annotated court rulings. We have used a massive dataset for the training and refining of our proposed model. The novelty of the proposed model is the integration of bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi_LSTM). The traditional methods are primarily based on support vector machines (SVM), and logistic regression. We have performed a comparison with the state-of-the-art model. The efficient results indicate that our proposed model efficiently navigates the complex terrain of legal language and court decision structures. The efficiency of the proposed model is measured in terms of the F1 score. The achieved results show that scores range from 0.66 to 0.93 and Kappa indices from 0.57 to 0.80 across the board. The performance is achieved at times surpassing the inter-annotator agreement, underscoring the model’s adeptness at extracting and understanding nuanced legal concepts. The efficient results proved the potential of the proposed neural network model, particularly those based on transformers, to effectively discern and categorize key elements within legal texts, even amidst the intricacies of judicial language and the layered complexity of appellate rulings.
The mitochondrial genome sequences of eleven leafhopper species of Batracomorphus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) reveal new gene rearrangements and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Lu Jikai , Wang Jiajia , Dai Renhuai , Wang Xianyi
Published: October 2024

Batracomorphus is the most diverse and widely distributed genus of Iassinae. Nevertheless, there has been no systematic analysis of the genome structure and phylogenetic relationships of the genus. To determine the characteristics of the mitogenomes of Batracomorphus species as well as the phylogenetic relationships between them, we sequenced and compared the mitogenomes of 11 representative Batracomorphus species. The results revealed that the mitogenomes of the 11 Batracomorphus species exhibited highly similar gene and nucleotide composition, and codon usage compared with other reported mitogenomes of Iassinae. Of these 11 species, we found that the mitogenomes of four species were rearranged in the region from trnI-trnQ-trnM to trnQ-trnI-trnM, whereas the remaining species presented a typical gene order. The topologies of six phylogenetic trees were in agreement. Eurymelinae consistently formed paraphyletic groups. Ledrinae and Evacanthinae formed sister taxa within the same clade. Similarly, Typhlocybinae and Mileewinae consistently clustered together. All phylogenetic trees supported the monophyly of Iassinae, indicating its evolutionary distinctiveness while also revealing its sister relationship with Coelidiinae. Notably, the nodes for all species of the genus Batracomorphus were well supported and these taxa clustered into a large branch that indicated monophyly. Within this large branch, four Batracomorphus species with a gene rearrangement (trnQ-trnI-trnM) exhibited distinctive clustering, which divided the large branch into three minor branches. These findings expand our understanding of the taxonomy, evolution, genetics, and systematics of the genus Batracomorphus and broader Iassinae groups.
Effect of Isometric and Dynamic Resistance Exercises on Functional Performance and Glycoprotein-bound Haemoglobin of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: An Interventional Study
Authors: Divya N , Kumar V Manoj , Sabu Alex , Winnie TE , Shri P Praveena
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent articular and rheumatologic condition, impacting over 80% of individuals aged 55 and above. There exists a significant correlation between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and OA. Both Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and OA are common afflictions. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in alleviating pain and mitigating issues linked to the early stages of knee OA and DM. The rationale of this study is to determine whether isometric resistance exercise can achieve comparable or superior outcomes to dynamic resistance exercise in terms of long-term glycaemic control and physical function, while also being more tolerable for individuals with knee OA. Aim: To compare the efficacy of resistance exercises in diabetic patients with knee OA and specifically to examine how two resistance exercise protocols influence glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and functional performance. Materials and Methods: An interventional study was conducted using a convenience sampling technique. Approximately, 30 subjects were selected from the primary physiotherapy outpatient department in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The study lasted for 12 weeks, from July 2022 to September 2022. The total population was split into two groups: Group-A received dynamic resistance exercises, whereas Group-B underwent isometric resistance exercises. Both pre- and post-treatment evaluations were performed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index questionnaire (WOMAC), alongside measuring HbA1c levels in all participants. Care instructions emphasised weight reduction, maintaining a balanced diet, and avoiding prolonged periods of standing. Paired t test was used to compare the pre and post test WOMAC scores and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant changes were observed in WOMAC scores and HbA1c pre-post comparison. The study revealed a statistically significant difference in reducing pain, enhancing functional performance, and lowering HbA1c levels among both groups (p≤0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that both groups experienced effective pain relief and reduced HbA1c levels after the treatment period. However, subjects treated with dynamic resistance exercises demonstrated greater enhancements in functional performance and reductions in HbA1c levels compared to the isometric resistance exercises.
Four Cases of Laboratory Acquired Q Fever: Lessons from the Past and a Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Pradeep Jothimani , Stephen Selvaraj
Published: October 2024

The aim of this communication is to highlight the dangers of Q fever outbreaks in laboratories attempting isolation of Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) and other rickettsiae without Bio Safety Level (BSL)-3 facilities. This series is reported for the benefit of Microbiologists who evince interest in Rickettsial research. Four cases of Laboratory-acquired Q fever is presented among the laboratory personnel in a tertiary care teaching Hospital in Karnataka in 1977, which has not been reported yet. Four persons (one Lecturer, one animal technician and two M.Sc. students) who assisted in blood collection from slaughtered domestic livestock from butcheries and/or participated in the isolation of C. burnetii by guinea pig inoculation became seropositive for Q fever. The presence of antibodies to C. burnetii was demonstrated by two specific serological tests, Micro Agglutination Test (MAT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for Q fever. They responded well to treatment with oxytetracycline, the drug of choice. It should be known that even microscopic demonstration of C. burnetii and other rickettsiae in the ectoparasites is hazardous, due to liberation of infective aerosol in the process. A safe commercial Q fever vaccine for laboratory and farm workers is presently available in Australia alone. Therefore, preventive measures like use of BSL-3 facility in the laboratory as well as animal house, wearing N95 face masks and protective clothing (PPE) are some of the essential precautions to follow so as to prevent laboratory acquired Q fever infection, which is an important occupational hazard.
Induced Resistance in Fruit and Vegetable Enhancing Host Defence to Curve Post-harvest Diseases
Authors: Naik E K , Elangovan Marimuthu , Kumar Sanjay , Meena Priyanka Kumari , Shivam  , Nautiyal Mansi , Devi T. Sivasankari , Sathya K.
Published: October 2024

Induced resistance (IR) is an emerging, environmentally friendly strategy to manage post-harvest diseases in fruits and vegetables by enhancing the plant’s innate immune system. This approach leverages the plant's natural defense mechanisms, including the activation of defense-related enzymes like chitinases, glucanases, and peroxidases, accumulation of secondary metabolites such as phytoalexins and phenolics, and the strengthening of cell walls to prevent pathogen invasion. Additionally, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in both signaling and direct pathogen inhibition. Despite its potential, the effectiveness of IR varies across different crops and pathogens, and its success is heavily influenced by environmental factors, such as humidity, temperature, and light. There are also concerns regarding possible trade-offs, such as reduced yield or changes in fruit quality due to the diversion of energy towards defense responses. However, the integration of IR with other disease management strategies, including the use of biological control agents and conventional fungicides, has shown promising results in reducing post-harvest losses. Case studies in fruits like apples, tomatoes, and citrus, as well as vegetables like potatoes and peppers, demonstrate the practical applications of IR in commercial agriculture. Advances in genetic engineering are opening new pathways for enhancing IR by manipulating key genes involved in defense pathways, while new formulations and precision agriculture technologies offer greater control and efficiency in IR applications. These innovations, along with optimized post-harvest handling and storage practices, hold the potential to make IR a more reliable and sustainable solution for managing post-harvest diseases. However, ongoing research is necessary to address the variability in effectiveness and to explore long-term sustainability, especially as pathogens evolve and environmental conditions change. Induced resistance, when integrated with a comprehensive disease management approach, offers a significant step forward in reducing post-harvest losses and improving food security globally.
Allelopathic Effects of Vachellia nubica, Vachellia tortilis and Hyphaene compressa on Germination and Seedling Growth of Prosopis juliflora
Authors: Lolimo Festus Napokol , Ondeng’i Benard Orori , Odhiambo Kenneth Opiyo
Published: October 2024

Background: Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC is an invasive species negatively impacting plant ecology and livelihoods in introduced areas. Native tree species may produce allelochemicals that can inhibit growth of invasive species, resulting in a natural management technique.
Aim: This study aimed to determine allelopathic effect of three native tree species (V. tortilis, V. nubica, and H. compressa) on seed germination and early seedling growth of P. juliflora to identify the tree species that can be used to suppress P. juliflora invasion as part of its management strategy.
Methodology: Crude Leaf and root extracts of the native trees at 0%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% concentrations were prepared. P. juliflora seeds were subjected to 24 crude extract treatments and a control in a completely randomized design in Petri dishes. The seeds were uniformly moistened with 10 ml extracts daily in a germination chamber for 14 days, and germination counts were done after every 2 days. Shoot and root length and wet weight were measured after 14 days. The data were subjected to three-way ANOVA and means separated by Tukey.
Results: Prosopis seed coats treated with V. tortilis and V. nubica leaf extracts turned darkish before germination while germination of seeds in 10% leaf extracts of V. nubica aborted. Seed germination percentage in 10% leaf extracts of V. tortilis (30%) and V. nubica (23%) were the lowest compared to control (90%). P. juliflora seedlings under 5% V. nubica and 10% V. tortilis died before the experiment period. Depending on crude extract concentrations, percent inhibition on germination characteristics were; percent germination (21-74%), wet weight (6-49%), plumule length (10-47%), and radicle length (7-86%) of germinating P. juliflora.
Conclusion: The native tree species studied have allelopathic effects on the germination of P. juliflora and thus can be promoted to suppress invasiveness of P. juliflora.
Hierarchical Stackelberg Control for a Two-Stroke Linear System in Population Dynamics
Authors: Nikiema Ferdinand , Kere Moumini , Soma Mifiamba
Published: October 2024

We study a unique hierarchical control problem for a two-stoke linear system, adjoint to an age and space dependent population dynamics problem. Using Stackelberg's method, we introduce two levels of control: a boundary control to achieve optimal flow regulation and a distributed control for null controllability. Our approach employs Carleman inequalities to address non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, leading to new insights in controlling invasive species populations. These results highlight the applicability of hierarchical controls in ecological systems, providing a robust framework for future studies in control theory and population dynamics.
A Six-Point y-Function Hybrid Block Method for Direct Solution of Third Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: S. J. Kayode , M. K. Duromola , F. T. Daodu
Published: October 2024

In this article, a new continuous numerical method was developed for the numerical integration of general third-order initial value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The method was derived by adopting interpolation and collocation approach using a combination of power series and exponential functions as the basis function for the approximate solution to the ODEs. The approximate solution was interpolated at both nodal and off-nodal points while the differential systems from the approximate solution was collocated at all nodal points to obtain the set of methods with given step-numbers. This derived approach ensured that the hybrid points are obtained at the y-values of the methods. This class of hybrid linear multi-step method satisfied the conditions for usability and accuracy of any given method. These conditions were confirmed by testing the consistency, stability and convergence of the developed method. The method was applied to solve directly linear and non-linear third order ODEs without reduction to system of first-order ordinary differential equations. Results from the computation compared favorably with some existing numerical methods in literature with comparable properties to confirm the superiority of the newly developed method.
Rice Fallow Pulses for Agricultural Potential for South Asian Region
Authors: J Devi Geethika , E Subramanian , A Gurusamy , P Arunachalam , B Bhakiyathu Saliha , Selvarani G. , Jothilakshmi K. , Sathishkumar A.
Published: October 2024

Rice fallows refer to lowland areas where rice is cultivated during the monsoon (kharif season) is left unplanted during the winter season (rabi) due to various factors. These include the early cessation of monsoon rains which resulted in soil moisture stress during winter season; waterlogging and excessive moisture in November/December, led to unsuitable for winter crops; the absence of suitable varieties for late planting at winter season and socio-economic issues such as damage by stray cattle or blue bulls. India accounts for a significant majority of about 79% of South Asia's total rice fallows which amount to 11.65 million hectares out of the region's total of 15.0 million hectares. The review assess the scenario of rice fallow pulses, production technologies and its constraints in the present trend.
Intelligent Connected Vehicle Information Security Risks and Countermeasures
Authors: Shuhai Yang
Published: October 2024

The development of intelligent connected vehicles has promoted the upgrading of the transportation system, but it also brings challenges in information security. This paper analyzes the current information security vulnerabilities of intelligent connected vehicles, including attack methods, security vulnerabilities, and protective measures. Firstly, through the analysis of the existing attack methods and their principles, the potential security vulnerabilities and threats are summarized. Then, based on security and cryptography technology, relevant measures for information security protection are proposed to achieve all-round protection of intelligent connected vehicle information. Finally, The paper puts forward the measures to solve the information security problem of intelligent connected vehicle from three aspects: Encryption and Authentication, Firewall and Intrusion Detection System, and Over-the-air (OTA).
Is Bilinguality an Illusive Concept?
Authors: Halsted Lily
Published: October 2024

Background and Objective: In an effort to study bilinguality, researchers in this field have often compared bilinguals with monolinguals, generally considering each group to be a homogeneous, monolithic body with no discernable within-group individual differences. This approach overlooks the various levels of proficiency among bilinguals, the age and order of acquisition of each of their languages, as well as their language history, and daily usage. Although monolinguals may not be conversant, some may still at least partially comprehend a second language. By failing to actively consider and collect more details about a variety of participant language attributes, researcher assumptions can lead to conclusions that are not a true reflection of the similarities and differences between monolinguals and bilinguals. A number of studies have found bilingual advantage in health-related outcomes as well as performance on cognitive tasks. All these reported findings are based on the performance of participants who may or may not be true bilinguals consequently impacting the results of this research [9,11].
Recommendations: The impact of considering a wide variable of participant characteristics in bilinguality research, including age and order of acquisition, daily usage, and fluency is examined. In addition, a recently proposed psychometric model that evaluates the above variables is discussed. Finally, recommendations are made on how to further improve the standards of research in bilinguality, including performing objective fluency testing, and asking detailed questions about participants’ complete language history.
Impact of Injection Duration and Injection Timing Variations on Torque and Power Output of the Ken Arok Urban Car Utilizing E100 Ethanol
Authors: Farida Nike Nur , Yudhistira Muhammad Rafi Akbar , Rakhmaddian Nicko Nur
Published: October 2024

State Polytechnic of Malang (Polinema) actively participated in the energy-efficient car competition. The Polinema team has developed an energy-efficient car called Ken Arok, which competes in the urban ethanol class (Internal Combustion Engine) concept. This class emphasizes using internal combustion engines as the driving force and ethanol as the fuel. Ken Arok won fifth place in the competition due to obstacles in the programmed ECU program, especially in the injection duration. This study examines the effect of the interaction between injection duration and injection time variations on the torque and power output of the Ken Arok urban car fueled by E100 ethanol. An experimental approach was used in this study. A modified motor, converted into an energy-efficient urban car, was tested. The injection duration mapping was varied in multiples of 2 ms, with values ​​ranging from 2 ms less than the standard to 2 ms more than the standard. Likewise, the injection time was varied in multiples of 2 degrees, including 2 degrees less than the standard and 2 degrees more than the standard. The dyno tester measured the torque and power generated under these conditions. The main objective of this study was to identify the optimal torque and power settings for the Ken Arok energy-efficient engine. The highest torque value recorded was 10.13 N.m, achieved at 6000 rpm when using an injection duration of 2 ms more than the standard (9.06 ms) and an injection timing advanced by 2 degrees (3580). The peak power output reached 8.7 HP at 6000 rpm under compression injection duration plus 2 ms (9.06 ms), and when the injection was advanced by 20 (3580).
Managing Constraints: A Method To Improve The Accessibility And Quality Of A Brazilian Public Emergency Hospital
Authors: Sabbadini Francisco Santos , Gonçalves Antonio Augusto , Oliveira Mário Jorge Ferreira De , Ribeiro Rosinei Batista , Luciano Erik Leonel , Silva Caio Fernando Da
Published: October 2024

Accessibility to public hospitals in Brazil is a serious problem and there is much to be done to improve the quality of care. The private care system is expensive and only a small percentage of the population can afford health care. The consequence is that most emergency hospitals are constantly overcrowded. Patients must wait to start treatment and delays can lead to an increased risk of sequelae or even represent the difference between life and death. Reducing waiting times for treatment is considered an important measure to control costs and improve service efficiency. The objective of this article is to present a method that aims to improve the access and quality of the emergency hospitalization system of a municipal public hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The method is based on the authors' experience in health services operational research and combines the theory of constraints and discrete event simulation. It is hoped that this article will contribute to administrative knowledge and the results can be implemented in other national public hospitals
Mediating Effect Of Employee Wellbeing On The Relationship Between Recruitment And Selection Practices And Employee Commitment Of National Police Service In Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Muthui Naftali , Kemboi Dr. Ambrose , Kwonyike Prof. Joshua
Published: October 2024

Low employee commitment has been a prevalent issue within the National Police Service (NPS), often leading to negative consequences such as low morale, poor service delivery, and public distrust. Therefore, this study sought to determine the mediating effect of employee wellbeing on the relationship between recruitment and selection on employee commitment of National Police Service in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study was guided by Ability motivation opportunity theory. This study adopted explanatory research design. The sample size of 328 for this study was calculated based on Yamane’s formula. The researcher used a questionnaire as research instrument. A pilot study was conducted in national police service in Nandi County. Quantitative data collected using the questionnaires for all the objectives were analysed using descriptive statistics that is frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Inferential analysis was carried through correlation and multiple regression analysis. Analyzed data were presented in form of tables and charts. The study findings revealed that the effect of recruitment and selection practices on employee commitment through employee wellbeing is 0.3041, indicating that for every standard deviation increase in recruitment and selection practices. The study concluded that improving recruitment and selection practices can lead to higher levels of employee wellbeing, which in turn can enhance employee commitment. The study recommended that organizations should focus on improving recruitment and selection practices to enhance employee wellbeing and ultimately increase employee commitment.
Tetraploid–diploid mosaicism in a patient with pigmentary anomalies of hair and skin: a new dermatologic feature
Authors: Schacht John Paul , Farnworth Elisha , Hogue Jacob , Rohena Luis
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical Message

Tetraploid–diploid mosaicism in humans is exceedingly rare. We present an 11‐year‐old boy with tetraploid–diploid mosaicism and coexistent hair hypopigmentation with skin hypo‐ and hyperpigmentation. This case expands the current literature as we are not aware of previous documentation of this unique combination of pigmentary anomalies.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Activity of Cationic Nanoparticles Decorated with Glycosylated Photosensitizers for Water Disinfection
Authors: Fernández Lucía , Lin Zhi , Schneider Rudolf J. , Esteves Valdemar I. , Cunha Ângela , Tomé Joao P. C.
Published: November 2017

The antimicrobial photodynamic approach has been demonstrated as an efficient and sustainable process for the eradication of microbial pathogens. In this work, silica‐coated magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) were used as carriers of glycosylated porphyrins and phthalocyanines. Their subsequent cationization resulted in the production of stable antimicrobial photosensitizing materials, effective against E. coli. Suspensions of the photocatalysts in water present bimodal size distributions formed by big clusters and small NPs with hydrodynamic diameters between 8 and 38 nm. The presence of small NPs in the suspensions is related to an effective photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of E. coli cells. Glycosylation of the PS showed a positive effect on the PDI performance, which could be related to a higher accumulation of the photocatalyst over the bacterial cell membrane. In addition, these biocidal agents proved to be photostable and their photoactive performance decreased only between 23 % and 28 % upon 5 PDI cycles, mostly because of the loss of material between cycles, which makes them promising materials for water disinfection purposes.
Utility of Adjunctive Procedures With Balloon Dilation of the Eustachian Tube
Authors: Ashry Yehia , Kawai Kosuke , Poe Dennis
Published: November 2017

Objective

To assess the role and effect of concomitant adjunctive procedures when combined with balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube (BDET), including a new technique for treating obstructive disease within the bony Eustachian tube (ET).

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Setting

Tertiary medical center.

Subjects

Adults with persistent (≥2 years): 1) OME or non‐fixed TM retraction AND type B or C tympanogram OR 2) Consistent symptoms of barochallenge with flights or diving, all despite medical treatment for ≥6 weeks.

Methods

Balloon dilation of the cartilaginous ET (BDET) was performed under general anesthesia using concomitant myringotomy with or without tube placement if indicated. Adjunctive turbinectomy, adenoidectomy, and/or tympanoplasty were used in selected cases. For suspected disease in the bony ET, an illuminated guidewire was used for probing and clearing the lumen. Outcome measures were tympanogram, otomicroscopy, ET mucosal inflammation score, Valsalva maneuver, and PTA audiometry.

Results

67 ETs (48 patients) underwent BDET: 1) 30/67 balloon w/wo myringotomy, w/wo tube, 2) 20/67 plus adjunctive procedure or 3) 17/67 plus guidewire. Follow‐up was ranging from 0.4 to 3.4 years (mean 1.3 year, SD = 0.7). Significant improvement occurred in 79%. There was no significant difference in the failure rate comparing balloon dilation with adjunctive procedures 5/20 (25%) or without adjunctive procedures; 4/30 p = 0.45 (13%). Failure rate for BDET plus guide wire was 5/17 (29%) and resistance within the bony ET occurred in 8/17 (47%).

Conclusion

Balloon dilation of the cartilaginous ET demonstrated significant improvement despite expansion of indications that necessitated the addition of adjunctive procedures.

Level of Evidence

4
Geographic overlap and acquisition pairing
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Kale Prashant , Hoskisson Robert E.
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: This study examines the role of geographic factors in explaining acquisition pairing using a novel conditional logic methodology. Drawing from information asymmetry arguments regarding acquisition decisions, we theorize that geographic overlap between the acquirer and potential targets’ businesses and operations enables the acquirer to collect more information about the potential target through its multiple business operations that are geographically proximate. We also demonstrate moderating boundary conditions. In particular, we examine acquiring firm characteristics, acquiring firm size and geographic dispersion, which both weaken the relationship between geographic overlap and acquisition pairing. Likewise, we examine two dyadic distance moderators, geographic distance and product dissimilarity, both of which increase information asymmetry between the acquirer and potential targets, which increases the effect of geographic overlap in facilitating acquisition pairing.

Managerial Summary: Firms pursuing acquisition activities face severe information asymmetry when evaluating potential targets. This study investigates how acquiring firms leverage geographic conditions to overcome information asymmetry and choose targets that they can better evaluate. We find that acquirers are more likely to choose targets that have subsidiaries or business operations overlapping in the same states as the acquirers themselves. This is particularly true for small acquirers, which lack resources and capabilities to seek external assistance, and acquirers that have business operations in more concentrated locations. We also find that acquiring targets with geographically overlapped business operations is especially salient when the target's headquarters is distantly located from the acquirer or when the target offers dissimilar products from the acquirer.
B0
s → ℓ+ℓ−γ as a test of lepton flavor universality
Authors: Guadagnoli Diego , Reboud Méril , Zwicky Roman
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We discuss a number of strategies to reduce the ℬ(B

s

0
 → ℓ
+
ℓ
−
γ) theoretical error, and make such a measurement a new probe of the interactions that are interesting in the light of present-day flavor discrepancies. In particular, for low di-lepton invariant mass we propose to exploit the close parenthood between ℬ(B

s

0
 → ℓ
+
ℓ
−
γ) and the measured ℬ(B

s

0
 → ϕ(→K+K−)γ). For high q
2, conversely, we exploit the fact that the decay is dominated by two form-factor combinations, plus contributions from broad charmonium that we model accordingly. We construct the ratio R

γ
, akin to R

K
and likewise sensitive to lepton-universality violation. Provided the two rates in this ratio are integrated in a suitable region that minimises bremsstrahlung contributions while maximising statistics, the ratio is very close to unity and the form-factor dependence cancels to an extent that makes it a new valuable probe of lepton-universality violating contributions in the effective Hamiltonian. We finally speculate on additional ideas to extract short-distance information from resonance regions, which are theoretically interesting but statistically limited at present.
Iranian Geoscientists’ Careers Hurt by U.S. Travel Policies
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: November 2017

Three scientists spell out how travel bans, enhanced vetting, and burdensome bureaucracy, which collectively shape U.S. immigration law, have had lasting effects on their careers.
Extraction and characterization methods for titanium dioxide nanoparticles from commercialized sunscreens
Authors: Philippe Allan , Košík Juraj , Welle Alexander , Guigner Jean-Michel , Clemens Oliver , Schaumann Gabriele E.
Published: November 2017

Sunscreens are an important source of TiO2 nanoparticles in surface waters.
Temporal Relationship of Onset of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Introduction of Enteric Feedings and Powdered Milk Fortifier
Authors: Vaks Yana , Birnie Krista , Carmichael Suzan , Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Benitz William
Published: November 2017

Objective This article evaluates temporal relationships between onset of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants and introduction of enteral feedings or powdered human milk fortifier (HMF).

Study Design This is a Poisson regression analysis of NEC cases at a single children's hospital between 1999 and 2009, using the self-controlled case series method to estimate adjusted daily event rate ratios (DERR) during postexposure intervals.

Results Of 139 patients with a clinical diagnosis of NEC, 26 had early disease onset prior to initiation of feeding and were considered to be cases of spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP). For the remaining 113 infants, the DERR for NEC onset were significantly greater on days for which infants were <14 days of age (DERR, 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–3.79) or ≥31 weeks postmenstrual age (2.94; 95% CI, 1.51–5.83) or which fell within 14 days after initiation of enteric feeding (8.29; 95% CI, 4.73–14.53) or 4 days after introduction of HMF (12.32; 95% CI, 7.13–21.29).

Conclusion There are strong temporal associations between onset of NEC and initiation of enteral feeding or powdered HMF in preterm infants.