bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Permasalahan Aktual untuk Menyusun Model Aplikatif Pengembangan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Bahrun Bahrun , Niswanto Niswanto , Maimun Maimun
Published: January 2025

Pengembangan Sekolah Menengah Kejurusan (SMK) merupakan keharusan yang tidak dapat dihindari, hal ini terkait dengan upaya melahirkan lulusan SMK yang siap kerja. Untuk itu, diperlukan sebuah model pengembangan sekolah yang sesuai dengan potensi yang dimiliki oleh daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas model pengembangan melalui revitalisasi SMK di Aceh yang sudah berjalan dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa descriptive methode, yaitu menggambarkan secara detail kondisi SMK yang ada di masing-masing daerah studi yang tersebar di Provinsi Aceh berdasarkan kebijakan revitalisasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui telaah dokumentasi, wawancara, dan diskusi kelompok terfokus (Focus Group Discussion) yang sebagiannya dilakukan secara online menyesuaikan dengan SOP kehidupan normal baru dalam masa pandemi Covid-19. Kajian ini menghasilkan kondisi SMK program revitalisasi baik negeri maupun swasta sesuai dengan fokus revitalisasi SMK. Kondisi yang terungkap bahwa tingkat efektivitas revitalisasi masing dalam kategori rendah yang ditunjukkan oleh belum tercapainya dengan baik indikator kesesuaian kurikulum dengan kebutuhan dunia industri, dunia usaha dan dunia kerja secara umum; pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan; kerjasama dengan DUDI; sertifikasi dan akreditasi; dan sarpras dan kelembagaan. Beranjak dari kondisi tersebut diajukan rekomendasi  yang dipandu oleh  peta  jalan  revitalisasi  SMK  dengan  rincian  langkah  untuk  setiap  fokus revitalisasi di atas.
Meningkatkan Partisipasi Berbicara Siswa dengan Teknik Index Card Match
Authors: Tugiman Tugiman , Hidayat Ade , Ariani Desti , Syeptiani Silvia
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui peningkatan partisipasi berbicara siswa dengan penerapan teknik Index Card Match. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 orang mahasiswa yang kemudian diamati tindakannya pada tiga siklus penelitian tindakan. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi yang kemudian menemukan hasil bahwa ada peningkatan pada partisipasi siswa setelah teknik index card match dilakukan. Data didapatkan dari lembar observasi dan rekaman video dan terlihat peningkatan partisipasi pada setiap siklus setelah dirangsang dengan teknik index card match.
An Analysis of Reinforcement Implemented by English Teachers at MAN Kota Pariaman
Authors: Jayanti Ade Dwi
Published: January 2025

There are 2 types of reinforcement strategies such as: reward dan punishment. Based on the problems found at the beginning of the research, the purpose of this research was to find out the type, frequency, time, and reasons for reward and punishment used by English teachers as a strategy in classroom management. This type of research was descriptive research. The sample in this research was all English teachers. Data obtained through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The research findings show that English teachers only use intrinsic reward and positive punishment types. The frequency of using rewards is 128 times, while the frequency of using punishments is 29 times. The teachers uses reward and punishment at the beginning, core and end of learning activities. Furthermore, teachers have several reasons for using rewards including: 1) fulfill students’ academic achievement, 2) succeed in achieving learning goals, 3) help students to improve behavior, 4) create an orderly class, 5) improve student concentration on assignment, 6) create peacefull interactions between teachers and students, 7) monitor student behavior. Besides that, teachers also have several reasons for using punishment, including; 1) ensuring students’ interest in learning, 2) warning students to behave appropriately, 3) creating a calm classroom atmosphere, 4) creating discipline in class, 5) preventing negative behavior, 6) obeying school rules.
Enhancing Learning Experience in PPKN Education through the Implementation of Talking Stick Teaching Method for Grade VII-C Student at SMPN 1 Labuapi
Authors: Sari Nova Gita , Hermawati Ria , Rukmini Rukmini , Ansori Ahmad , Rejeki Sri
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini membahas tentang model pembelajaran Talking Stick untuk meningkatkan keaktifan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PPKn kelas VII C di SMPN 1 Labuapi melalui Model Pembelajaran Talking Stick. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research). Subjek penelitian ini adalah Siswa kelas VII C dengan jumlah siswa 32 Orang yang terdiri dari 15 Orang Perempuan dan 17 Orang Laki-laki. Desain penelitian yang digunakan meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Instrumen penelitian adalah lembar observasi, catatan lapangan, wawancara dan catatan hasil refleksi. Data diperoleh melalui instrumen pengumpulan data yaitu, Observasi, Wawancara dan Dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data yang dilakukan adalah deksriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkannya model pembelajaran Talking Stick dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan keaktifan belajar diukur dari evaluasi dari setiap siklusnya yaitu pada pra siklus atau sebelum diadakannya tindakan menunjukan bahwa keberhasilan indikator diperoleh rata-rata observasi keseluruhan subjek penelitian sebesar 31% dengan kriteria “sangat kurang aktif”, meningkat pada siklus I sebesar 41,5 % dengan kriteria “sangat kurang aktif”, dan meningkat pada siklus II diperoleh sebesar 78% dengan kriteria “aktif”
Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka pada Pembelajaran Biologi di SMAN 5 Tanjungpinang
Authors: Fatimah Fadya Puspita Ayu , Isral Ananda Geiskha , Purba Virwina Natalia , Sugeng Dewi Sri Mulyani , Sari Hermila Puspita , Nevrita Nevrita
Published: January 2025

Pendidikan menjadi aspek penting dalam kemajuan peradaban manusia. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah ikut turut andil dalam mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dengan memberikan pendidikan yang baik. Lembaga pendidikan terus mencetuskan ide untuk program progam yang dirasa dapat menunjang pendidikan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data adalah metode wawancara dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Hasil yang peneliti dapatkan adalah penerapan kurikulum di SMAN 5 berjalan dengan baik, meskipun peserta didik masih belum terbiasa dengan adanya kurikulum merdeka yang mengharuskan menciptakan produk ataupun memberikan solusi dari sebuah permasalahan.
Perancangan Modul Unit Semi Trailer Side Tipper Menggunakan Metode ADDIE di PT United Tractors Pandu Engineering
Authors: Aisa Neilinda Novita , Ramadhan Galih
Published: January 2025

Perancangan modul pembelajaran untuk unit Semi Trailer Side Tipper dengan menggunakan metode ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) di PT United Tractors Pandu Engineering dilatar belakangi karena adanya kesenjangan dalam profisiensi level mekanik yang dapat memengaruhi kinerja pemeliharaan, adanya urgensi yang ada pada perbandingan populasi unit dengan sumber daya manusia yang ada dan adanya kepentingan yang ada yaitu belum adanya modul pembelajaran mengenai unit trailer tersebut. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang modul pembelajaran unit Semi Trailer Side Tipper. Metode ADDIE dipilih sebagai kerangka kerja untuk pengembangan modul guna memastikan pendekatan yang sistematis dan efisien. Tahap analisis dilakukan untuk memahami masalah yang terjadi dan latar belakang dalam pembuatan modul, sedangkan tahap desain melibatkan penyusunan Training Program yang berisi objektif dan subjektif pembelajaran. Tahap pengembangan difokuskan pada pembuatan Training Syllabus dan penyusunan training material. Tahap implementasi dilakukan dengan menyusun modul dan hand out. Tahap evaluasi dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi modul training yang dibuat.Dengan menggunakan metode ADDIE, perancangan modul pembelajaran untuk unit Semi Trailer Side Tipper dapat dilakukan dengan lebih terstruktur, efektif, dan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta dalam memelihara unit tersebut.
Enhancing Students’ Motivation and Proficiency on Technical Vocabulary through Flipped Learning
Authors: Ariani Desti , Jayanti Ade Dwi , Hidayat Ade , Irawan Bayu Putra
Published: January 2025

Having sufficient English vocabulary especially the technical one indeed becomes one of the aspects in supporting the English learning for Electrical Engineering students. This classroom action research study, therefore, aims to investigate students’ motivation and proficiency on technical vocabulary through the implementation of Flipped Learning. This study was conducted to the second semester students of Electrical Engineering Study Program of Polytechnic of Raflesia. The Flipped Learning was implemented in two cycles consisting of four meetings of each cycle. Pre-test and post-test were given along the learning to assure the improvement on students’ vocabulary. The interview then was conducted as well to figure out how Flipped Learning influenced students’ motivation. The study reveals that Flipped Learning does contribute positively to the students’ motivation and their proficiency on Technical Vocabulary, especially on noun and verb related to the safety precaution and safety equipment.
HOW DO ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS IMPACT INDIVIDUALS' ECONOMIC BEHAVIORS AND CONSUMPTION PATTERNS?
Authors: Hora Rabani
Published: January 2025

This article examines how social media, as a driver of social commerce, significantly influences consumer dietary choices and broader economic behaviours. Social media platforms have recently emerged into powerful channels capable of influencing consumer decisions and social media strategies like influencer marketing, viral campaigns, and targeted advertising help to create more and more engagement and sales. Some key examples of value driven and user focused marketing by brands including, Nike’s "Just Do It" campaign featuring Colin Kaepernick and Coca-Cola’s #ShareACoke initiative, which shows how brands are drawing inspiration from values and customers when making marketing decisions that hit home. In addition, the 2021 GameStop stock surge demonstrates how social media can spark a viral economic event or that it may be able to manipulate the financial markets. Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are emerging technologies that are expected to continue reshaping social commerce by providing immersive, personalized shopping experiences and building consumer trust through AI based verification systems. In this article, we expect that the combination of these technologies with the emergence of live shopping and influencer engagement will transform social media into a more interactive and economically significant commerce platform.
Conteúdos da geografia escolar no currículo: documentos oficiais e o livro didático
Authors: Silva Antonio Marcos Gomes da , Dantas Eugênia Maria
Published: January 2025

A ação docente está articulada com os saberes da ciência de formação do professor; saberes didáticos-pedagógicos; reconhecimento das necessidades de aprendizagem dos conteúdos pelos alunos e, uso adequado das linguagens e recursos didáticos. Este trabalho surge da problemática: quais são as concepções teórico-metodológicas relacionadas à região que estão presentes no currículo de Geografia, nas escolas, Mário Bem, José Geraldo da Cruz e Zila Belém em Juazeiro do Norte? O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a organização curricular sobre região na disciplina de Geografia, no 7º ano do ensino fundamental. Esta pesquisa configura-se como etnográfica em educação, conforme André (1995), adotando-se os procedimentos metodológicos: a) pesquisa bibliográfica; b) análise documental do Projeto Político Pedagógico-PPP, Regimento Escolar-RE e, o livro didático de Geografia; c) observação participante as aulas de Geografia. A discussão sobre currículo deu-se a partir de Apple (2000); na análise do livro didático e do conteúdo, objeto deste estudo, contribuíram: Pontuschka, Paganelli e Cacete (2007); Sene (2014); e Tonini (2011). Os resultados apontam à compreensão do ensino do conteúdo de região, no âmbito do 7º ano, nas escolas públicas da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte com forte ligação ao currículo oficial, com uso frequente do recurso livro didático.
Pensamento computacional: a construção de práticas para atividades desplugadas
Authors: Minuzi Nathalie Assunção , Sonego Anna Helena Silveira , Machado Leticia Sophia Rocha , Behar Patricia
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a construção de práticas pedagógicas baseadas nos pilares do pensamento computacional (PC) para atividades desplugadas. O PC é uma abordagem utilizada para solucionar problemas complexos com o auxílio de ferramentas da computação que para fins didáticos está dividido em atividades plugadas e desplugadas. O estudo teve como público-alvo estudantes de pedagogia que desenvolveram essas práticas. A metodologia foi qualitativa e descritiva, realizada em três etapas: construção de práticas, debate sobre as atividades e avaliação. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de observação participante em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) e das atividades enviadas por AVA ROODA. Como resultado, os participantes criaram 14 atividades desplugadas para a educação básica, destacando o potencial dessas práticas para inovar na resolução de problemas em diferentes áreas do conhecimento.
World Internet Conference and China’s Promotion of Cyber Sovereignty
Authors: Yang Grace X.
Published: January 2025

Despite ongoing criticism, the Chinese government has continuously hosted the World Internet Conference for the last decade. This research explores the motives behind China’s persistent efforts, particularly focusing on its strategies for advocating cyber sovereignty. It uses natural language processing and discourse analysis to analyse official documents and Chinese media reports about the World Internet Conference. It finds that China uses discourses aligned with the ideologies of Non-aligned Movement members to facilitate the promotion of cyber sovereignty and leverage the World Internet Conference to build partnerships to influence the development of global cyber governance.
Regulation of the innate immune phenotype in atherosclerosis: Navigating the inflammatory landscape
Authors: Tercan Helin
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Immune cells, such as monocytes and neutrophils are involved in the development of these diseases, but the exact mechanism are unknown. Further elucidation of these mechanisms could help to improve risk prediction for patients, and improve prevention and treatment strategies. This research investigated the role of two recently discovered immunological mechanisms, called clonal hematopoiesis and trained immunity, and how these two mechanism are related to each other. Also, the research describes how the anti-inflammatory drug colchicine, which is traditionally used to treat gout attacks, changes the function of immune cells in patients with cardiovascular disease. The results of this thesis could contribute to accurate individual cardiovascular risk prediction, and to improved prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
EVALUATION OF THE SURGICAL RESULTS OF THE LAPAROSCOPIC TOTAL EXTRAPERITONEAL (TEP) TECHNIQUE IN INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR
Authors: ŞENOL ZAFER
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Bu çalışmada inguinal herni onarımında en çok kullanılan laparoskopik yöntemlerden biri olan Total Ekstraperitoneal (TEP) tekniği ile ameliyat edilen
inguinal herni hastalarının uzun dönem postoperatif sonuçları analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, laparoskopik TEP tekniğinin uzun dönem postoperatif sonuçlarını
ve etkinliğini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Sunulan retrospektif çalışma, Ocak 2016 - Mart 2023 tarihleri arasında 7 yıllık süre içinde hastanemizde TEP tekniği ile ameliyat edilen
315 inguinal herni hastasının cerrahi sonuçlarını içermektedir. Sonuçlar, postoperatif takipte nüks oranı, dikiş açılması, insizyonlarda şişlik, skrotal ödem ve
şişlik ve hastaların işe dönüş günü açısından değerlendirildi. 0.05’in altındaki p değerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Hastaların 19’unda (%6) postoperatif nüks görüldü. Hastaların ortalama işe dönüş süresi 5.6 gündü. Postoperatif nüks olan grupta bilateral yön oranı anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0.05). İnsizyonlarda şişlik olan grupta bilateral yön oranı ve preoperatif nüks oranı anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p<0.05).
İnsizyonlarda şişlik olan hastalarda işe dönüş günü, insizyonlarda şişlik olmayan hastalara göre anlamlı olarak daha uzundu (p<0.05). Skrotal şişlik ve ödemi
olan hastalarda bilateral inguinal herni anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Laparoskopik TEP tekniği ile inguinal herni onarımının uzun süreli postoperatif deneyimleri, TEP yaklaşımının postoperatif nüksün düşük olması ve
hastaların günlük aktivitelerine ve çalışmalarına hızlı bir şekilde geri dönmelerini sağlaması avantajları ile etkili ve güvenli bir teknik olduğunu göstermiştir.
Combatting Non-Consensual Pornography: A Comparative Study
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Jayamaha Samurdhi , Harasgama Kushanthi ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Mahingoda Chaga ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Non-consensual pornography, colloquially known as “revenge porn,” has witnessed a troubling proliferation across various jurisdictions, carrying profound and often devastating repercussions for its victims. This paper conducts an in-depth review of the revenge porn laws with reference to identified key elements in such laws, namely, actus reus and the mens rea of the offence, rules relating to platform liability, victim protection and available remedies and penalties. As such the study is conducted in respect of laws in the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore, India, Australia and Sri Lanka and finds that there is commonness as well as some diversity in the approaches. While the actus reus element underlying these legal frameworks exhibits some degree of uniformity, significant disparities emerge with regard to the mens rea requirement. Notably, jurisdictions such as the UK and US exhibit more limited scopes, a limitation compounded in the US by the provision of special immunities to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and website/platform hosts. The paper also highlights the importance of adopting a comprehensive two-pronged strategy, encompassing both civil reliefs and penal laws to effectively fight NCP. As such, the paper attempts to provide an overall account of what would be the most effective legal approach in relation to the key components identified therein in the background of some common challenges posed by the inherent nature of NCP in this digital age.
Keywords: Non-consensual Pornography; Revenge Porn; United States; United Kingdom; Singapore; India; Sri Lanka
The Geometry Involving a Right-Cevian Triangle
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Amarasinghe G.W. Indika Shameera
Published: January 2025

This paper presents some significant theorems and corollaries prevailed, involving the cevian triangles, in particular, on right cevian triangles. Some useful corollaries are presented including a main theorem on right cevian triangles with detailed proofs, involving the ratios generated by the end points of internal cevians drawn to the side lengths of a triangle, adducing more generalized formulas for the different cevians of triangles around the right cevian triangle to fulfil the existing significant research gap in cevian geometry, particularly on cevian triangles. This paper presents pure geometric proofs for the theorems and corollaries, without using trigonometry, coordinate geometry, complex numbers, vectors or any other non-geometric approaches. Keywords: Cevian; Cevian Triangles; Mathematical Logic; Inequalities; Cubic Equations
Google Trends Analysis of Online Interest in English Language Learning in Sri Lanka (2011-2024)
Authors:   University of Kelaniya, Rodrigo W. A. I.
Published: January 2025

Online search trends for English language learning may reveal evolving preferences and demands for language acquisition in the modern day. This study explored the online interest in English language learning among internet users in Sri Lanka from 2011 to 2024, utilizing Google Trends data to analyze search behaviors. Temporal and geographical variations in relative search volumes for selected search terms related to English language learning were examined. According to search trends, public interest in courses, classes, diplomas, and degrees in English has gradually increased over time, then dropped temporarily in the initial phase of the pandemic, only to rise again to a plateau between 2022 and 2024. Regional analysis highlighted disparities in interest levels across different provinces; interest in the term ‘learn English’ was most prominent in the Western Province; interest in English courses and diplomas was highest in Sabaragamuwa Province. In terms of seasonal variations, peak search volumes for most terms before the pandemic were in September and January, whereas after the pandemic, peak interest occurred in February and September. Concerning subject areas, a shift in interest towards English literature compared to English as a Second Language and Linguistics was seen. With regard to the English language proficiency tests, a clear drop in interest for IELTS occurred during the pandemic, but with the economic recession and the migration of professionals that followed, interest in the IELTS spiked in 2022 and 2023, only to decline again afterwards. This research contributes to the understanding of how online resources and global events influence language learning trends, offering valuable insights for policymakers and educators. Keywords: English language learning; online learning; google trends; education
An Analysis of Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration Skills in the G.C.E. (Advanced Level) General English Textbook in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Chundikuli Girls’ College, Jaffna, Sri Lanka, Lawrence Damayanthi , Wijesekera Harsha Dulari ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Advanced Level General English (GE) Course in Sri Lanka aims to prepare students for success in higher education, work, and social life. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to equip students with “21st century skills” in addition to language skills. A crucial factor that determines the success of the programme is the teaching material. The Advanced Level GE textbook is the primary teaching material for the GE course in schools nationwide. This study explored the representation of 21st century skills in this textbook by employing Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) to systematically categorize and evaluate instances of 21st century-related activities and discussions within the textbook. Although the study investigated twelve 21st century skills, in this paper, we focus on the 4Cs (Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration). The results indicate that although the 4Cs were the most visible skills and constituted the majority of occurrences (85.27%), some important aspects or subskills were not adequately represented. In addition to other outcomes, the presentation will mainly contribute to English Language teaching material development and evaluation at both policy and implementation levels. Keywords: 21st century skills; English Language Teaching (ELT); General English (GE); Textbook; Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA)
Women’s Resistance to Subjectification in The Guide by Narayan (1958) and “Sunset Coast” by Sakkarawarthi (2022)
Authors:   University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, Marasinghe M. M. S. N. , Ehelapitiya E. H. D. S. B. ,   University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

The bind between women and the nation they belong to has historically revealed a dynamic and contentious nexus. Bound within a dialectical relationship, women are deemed the nation embodied and subjected to its attendant sufferings, whilst simultaneously being burdened with the task of reproducing the nationalist rhetoric that they themselves have no hand in penning. In such a context, this study undertakes a discussion on the configuration of female subjectivity through The Guide by R.K. Narayan and “Sunset Coast ‘’ by Sakkarawarthi, situated in postcolonial India and Tamil separatist war era Sri Lanka, respectively. Moreover, it examines and evinces the differing ways in which women overtly and covertly assert agency within the circumscriptive bounds of patriarchal nationalism. In elucidating the narratives of women striving for autonomy, this essay contends that these two texts function as discourses of resistance to androcentric nationalism. Keywords: Nationalism; Female Subjectivity; Resistance
Isolation of Cd Removal Bacteria from Beira Lake, Colombo, Sri Lanka and Evaluati on of their Capacity in Cadmium Removal
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Thilakarathne T. , Lankika S.P. C ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Mirihana S ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, is reported to be exceeding its consumable levels in the environment due to several anthropogenic activities. Cd contamination thus challenges the ecosystems and human health due to its persistence and toxicity. It is confirmed that bioaccumulation of Cd leads to cancers and osteoporosis. Hence, concerning their eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness, urgent remediation methods are needed for clearing the issue of Cd-contaminated water and soil. The present study deals with three Cd-resistant bacterial strains isolated from Beira Lake, Sri Lanka; and named as TTCB, TTGB, and TTPB. The isolated strains are found to have performed remarkably effectively with the Cd removal efficiencies of 97.4%, 97.5%, and 97.5%, respectively, as determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometric assay. Their highest effectiveness was found at temperatures ranging from 30°C to 40°C and in a pH range of 6 to 7. Moreover, the isolated strains indicated higher Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (1200 – 2000 ppm), confirming a strong tolerance to Cd. It is highlighted that the MIC levels of the isolated strains are remarkable in comparison with the model organisms as Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC (300 – 700 ppm). The resulting potentiality of the isolated strains has suggested a promising bioremediation application for Cd- contaminated environments, offering a valuable solution to address this pressing environmental issue. Keywords: Cadmium; Beira Lake; Anthropogenic activities; Bioaccumulation
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Individuals
Authors:   University of Colombo, Jayatilake Prasith , Caldera Amandhi ,   University of Colombo
Published: January 2025

Sexual minorities are a group seldom studied in Sri Lanka though they undergo discrimination and sti gma which may lead to an increase in mental health issues. In order to further understand this, the present study aimed to explore prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in Sri Lanka. To meet the objectives of the study, data was gathered from 162 LGBT individuals in Sri Lanka who were 18 years and older using snowball sampling method. The original and translated and validated Sinhala versions of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS 21) were used to gather data along with a demographic questi onnaire. Questionnaires were distributed through online methods. It was found that 70.4% of parti cipants indicated presence of depression with 34.6% indicating extremely severe levels of depression, while 29.6% indicated no presence of depression. Furthermore, 66.7% of participants indicated presence of anxiety with 34% indicating extremely severe levels of anxiety, while 33.3% participants indicated no presence of anxiety. Lastly, 66.7% of participants indicated presence of stress with 25.9% indicating extremely severe levels of stress, while 33.3% of participants indicated no presence of stress. These findings highlight significant mental health challenges faced by LGBT individuals in Sri Lanka, indicating the need for targeted mental health interventions. Keywords: homosexual; bisexual; transgender; mental health; Sri Lanka
Optimization of a Surface Sterilization Protocol and Determination of Hormonal Combination for In vitro Propagation of the Aquatic Ornamental Plant Echinodorus palifolius
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Maduni Uresha , Bandara Chamathka ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Mathangadeera Ruvini ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

The in vitro propagation of Echinodorus palifolius, an aquatic plant highly valued in aquascaping, is crucial for meeting its growing demand in the global market. This study aimed to optimize the surface sterilization protocol and hormonal combination to establish in vitro propagation of Echinodorus palifolius under the specific conditions of Sri Lanka. Various sterilants, including Clorox, ethanol, and hydrogen peroxide, and different time durations were tested for leaves and roots to identify the most effective sterilization method. The study also evaluated the impact of different hormone treatments on root and leaf growth. The findings indicate that a combination of 10% Clorox and 70% ethanol is most effective for root sterilization, while TDZ and 2,4-D hormones show significant promise in inducing root growth. These optimized protocols offer a practical solution for large-scale production, providing a sustainable and efficient method to cultivate high-quality plants for both commercial and research purposes. Keywords: Echinodorus palifolius; Aquatic; Orna- mental; Surface sterilization; In vitro propagation
Determinant Factors of Hospital Food Waste in Surgical and Medical Wards at the Teaching Hospital, Kuliyapitiya
Authors:   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawarathna N.M.J.K. , Bodhirathne B.A.K. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Iddamalgoda I.G.C.J. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Jayamaha J.H.N.P. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Jayathilake Savithri ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Priyanthi W.N. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Food waste is a global health issue challenging sustainable development. The Ministry of Health has reported that the monthly wasted food amount in Teaching Hospital Kuliyapitiya as six thousand kilograms per month and 30% of that food is provided by the hospital. Hospital food waste has significant social, economic, and nutritional impacts. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting hospital-supplied food waste among in patients of medical and surgical wards at Teaching Hospital Kuliyapitiya (THK). This was a quantitative descriptive study. The patients of age in between 20 to 60 years admitted to medical and surgical wards at THK who were having hospital diet as the meal, was selected as the sample for this study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed to analyse data using SPSS version 23. The results showed that 48.5% of the participants were dissatisfied with Lunch and 57.8% of the participants were dissatisfied with chewing status of the food. The findings of the study concluded that the most common factors for hospital food waste as; timing of dinner serving, courtesy of the staff who serve food, dissatisfaction with the dining places, poor ventilation of dining places and the dissatisfaction of the hygienic condition of serving food. Moreover, inappropriate temperature of serving food and dissatisfied taste of the food were also reported as the most common factors for food waste. Keywords: Hospital Food; food waste; determinant factors
A Study on Anti bacterial Properties of Costus speciosus
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Wijesekara Anupaja , Kumari S.R.M.M. Lanka ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Kasturiarachchi Jagath ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Anti biotic resistant bacteria have posed a serious threat to world health in recent years, forcing the investigation of alternate sources for anti bacterials. Higher plants are a key source of medicinal compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti bacterial properties of C. speciosus against gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, to explore its potential as a natural alternative to conventional anti bioti cs. Leaves, stems, and rhizomes of C. speciosus were extracted using hexane, methanol, and water as solvents with reflux, sonication and maceratio. Anti bacterial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion assay, with gentamycin as a positive control. The stem- methanolic extract showed greater inhibition against both organisms compared to hexane extracts. Stem- water extracts were effective only against S. aureus. The rhizome-methanolic extract inhibited E. coli more than S. aureus, while the hexane extract was more effective against S. aureus. The rhizome-water extract inhibited the growth of both bacterial strains. Leaf extracts demonstrated significant inhibition against E. coli but no activity against S. aureus. This study shows that C. speciosus has significant anti bacterial properties, varying with plant part, solvent, and organism. Given the rise in anti biotic- resistant bacteria, C. speciosus is a promising natural source of anti bacterial agents. Keywords: Costus speciosus; Anti bacterial Activity; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Natural Anti biotics
Leonard Woolf’s novel The Village in the Jungle from a Feminist Perspective
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Jayasinghe Manouri K.
Published: January 2025

Leonard Woolf’s The Village in the Jungle, published in 1913, provides a vivid and critical depiction of life in colonial Sri Lanka (then Ceylon). While the novel primarily focuses on the harsh realities of the rural community under the colonial rule, it also offers significant insights into the gender dynamics of the time. Further, it is largely considered as a work illustrating the severity of colonization, the suffering of the villagers who had to face up to it, their final decimation, and the closing up of the jungle on the village. Delving deeper into the novel, one observes the aspect of gender undercurrents through the behaviour of the villagers, both male and female. Applying Simone de Beauvoir’s feminist theory, in an analysis of the conduct of the villagers concerned, emerge the underlying themes of patriarchal oppression, resistance, and the struggle put up by women to gain autonomy. Thereby, the prominent themes of the novel such as the influence of colonialism in the behaviour of society and a unique form of feminism that emerges to counteract it can be reflected on through the application of de Beauvoir’s feminist theory to the novel. Keywords: The Village in the Jungle; Leonard Woolf; Simone de Beauvoir -feminist theory; feminism
In silico Toxicity Analysis of Potential Wound Healing Drug Candidates to Assess Drug Suitability
Authors:   Asian Institue of Business and Science, Piyaratne Alisha , Bandaranayake Upeka ,   Asian Institue of Business and Science
Published: January 2025

Drug development typically takes several years, but in-silico techniques, computational biology and chemical solutions can expedite toxicity analysis and other sections of the drug development process. Therefore, screening of potential drug candidates has become efficient. These techniques provide results quickly, cost-effectively, and without harming animals or humans. This research leverages bioinformatics to analyse the toxicity of chemical compounds in a potential wound-healing drug, specifically Bilirubin, Pinocembrin, and Resveratrol. Software such as Discovery Studios, Chem3D Pro, OpenBabel, Osiris Explorer, and EpiWeb 4.1 were used for visualization, energy minimization, SMILES string generation, and toxicity analysis. A one-way ANOVA test was performed on drug scores obtained from Osiris Explorer using PRISM version 10.2.1. The statistical analysis of these scores facilitated alternative hypothesis selection of validating drug suitability using in-silico toxicity studies. Despite challenges, this research provides valuable insights into performing toxicity analysis on ligands. Keywords: bioinformatics; drug development; toxicity; computational biology; statistics
A Study of Educational Pathways of Children with Visual Impairment and Blindness in Sri Lanka
Authors:   National Institute of Education, Maharagama, Karunanayake Vathsala J. , Wijesinghe Nipuni ,   University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Published: January 2025

This study explores into the educational journey of visually impaired and blind children in Sri Lanka, aiming to uncover their challenges and assess available opportunities within the education system. Through three in-depth case studies, it provides a nuanced understanding of their experiences. Case 1 highlights the success of a 45-year-old blind individual, emphasizing the pivotal role of specialized schools. Case 2 underscores the importance of early detection and intervention for a 22-year-old undergraduate who lost sight due to early birth complications. The third case exemplifies a 26 year old visually impaired woman pursuing a master’s degree, showcasing the determination and potential of visually impaired individuals in higher education. While Sri Lanka offers various educational avenues for visually impaired children, including specialized and integrated mainstream schools, persistent challenges such as resource scarcity, inadequate teacher training, deficient infrastructure, and societal biases hinder their educational attainment. The study advocates for inclusive education and equal opportunities, urging for policy reforms, resource allocation, enhanced teacher training, and community involvement. Keywords: Blindness and Visual Impairment; Educational Pathways; Inclusive Education
Unveiling the Gaps: A Content Analysis of Gender Roles, Language, and Cultural Norms in Sri Lankan Sexuality Education
Authors:   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Perera P. Y. O. , Dilhani E. D. C. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Rajapaksha R. W. M.S. P. K. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) is crucial for addressing sexuality and reproductive issues, enhancing sexual health outcomes, and promoting gender equality. This study examines Sri Lankan sexuality education curricula to identify gaps in addressing key components of CSE: representation of gender and relationships, language and tone, and cultural sensitivity. Content analysis was conducted to assess Sri Lankan sexuality education components for Grades 1 to 11, focusing on government-approved textbooks. Data analysis involves a coding scheme based on the framework, with two independent reviewers coding to ensure reliability and validity through Cohen’s Kappa. Results showed a substantial agreement for gender and relationships (Kappa = 0.623), a moderate agreement for language and tone (Kappa = 0.543), and a complete agreement for cultural sensitivity. The content analysis reveals significant gaps in Sri Lankan sexuality education curricula, including insufficient coverage of gender equality, diverse sexual orientations, and positive relationship dynamics. The language used often reinforces traditional values and stigmatizes certain behaviors, while the tone is frequently alarmist and driven by fear. Additionally, the curricula lack cultural sensitivity, failing to address respect for cultural diversity or inclusive representation. Results demonstrate significant gaps and inconsistencies with global CSE standards. Addressing these gaps is crucial for aligning Sri Lankan sexuality education with international best practices and improving educational outcomes for all students. Keywords: Comprehensive Sexuality Education; Cultural Sensitivity; Gender Representation; language
The Use of Substitute ‘One’ in the Two Selected Sri Lankan English Novels; The Jam Fruit Tree and Theravada Man
Authors:   University of Kelaniya, Subhasingha S. A. K. M.
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify the use of substitute ‘one’ in two selected Sri Lankan English novels: The Jam Fruit Tree and Theravada Man. The primary objectives of the study are to examine the types of ‘one’ used in the two selected Sri Lankan English novels and discover the most used type of ‘one’. Essentially, two Sri Lankan novels that incorporate Sri Lankan English vocabulary were chosen as the samples for the study. The data collection involved reading the selected two novels, documenting significant use of the substitute ‘one’, and analysing the types of ‘one’. A qualitative analysis method was employed to identify the substitute ‘one’ within the selected Sri Lankan English novels. A quantitative data analysis approach was implemented to identify the most used type of ‘one’ within the selected Sri Lankan English novels. The theoretical framework of Halliday and Hasan (1976) was used as a guiding model for the study to analyse the collected data. The analysis of the obtained results revealed that there are two types of substitutes ‘one’ within the two selected Sri Lankan English novels, and those are the modified ‘one’ and the unmodified ‘one’. Ultimately, unmodified ‘one’ emerged as the most used type of substitute ‘one’. In conclusion, this study highlights the significant presence of two main types of substitutes ‘one’ within the context of Sri Lankan English novels. Keywords: Modified ‘one’; Sri Lankan English novels; Substitute ‘one’; Substitution; Unmodified ‘one’
Digital Literacy and Lifelong Learning Disposition as Drivers of Innovative Work Behavior and Higher Education Performance: A Mediated Moderation Framework
Authors:   School of Business Management, University utara Malaysia, Malaysia, Mehmood Shahid
Published: January 2025

Cyber entrepreneurship, facilitated by advancements in information technology, represents a transformative form of entrepreneurship. Despite the pivotal role of innovative work behavior and higher education performance in driving the success of IT entrepreneurs, there is limited research on the connection between digital literacy and the innovative capacity of employees. Addressing this gap, this study examines the influence of lifelong learning dispositions on digital literacy and its outcomes. Drawing on the social exchange theory (SET), the research employs a partial least squares algorithm to analyze data collected from 245 IT entrepreneurs working at Malaysia Cyberjaya IT Park. The findings reveal that digital literacy significantly enhances innovative work behavior and higher education performance. Furthermore, lifelong learning disposition mediates the relationship between digital literacy and these outcomes. Additionally, creative thinking and resistance to change moderate the impact of lifelong learning disposition on innovative work behavior and higher education performance. The study discusses how these insights contribute to understanding innovative work behavior and performance, providing actionable strategies for organizations to address these critical factors in workforce development.
Քիրալային կենտրոնի պահպանմամբ (S)-5-(1-(2-քլոր-6-ֆտորբենզիլ)պիրոլիդին-2-իլ)-4-ֆենիլ-2,4-դիհիդրո-3H-1,2,4-տրիազոլ-3-թիոնի սինթեզ
Authors: Եգանյան Տ. Հ.
Published: January 2025

Իրականացվել է քիրալային կենտրոնի պահպանմամբ (S)-5-(1-(2-քլոր-6-ֆտորբենզիլ)պիրոլիդին-2-իլ)-4-ֆենիլ-2,4-դիհիդրո-3H-1,2,4-տրիազոլ-3-թիոնի սինթեզ։ Միացություններում առկա քիրալ կենտրոնի սկզբնաղբյուրը Լ-պրոլին է, որի կոնֆիգուրացիան պահպանվել է սինթեզի ողջ ընթացքում։ Միացությունների կառուցվածքները հաստատվել են NMR 1H և 13C, և HRMS սպեկտրալ մեթոդներով, իսկ քիրալ կենտրոնի կառուցվածքը՝ ECD սպեկտրալ մեթոդով։
Cовершено многостадийный синтез (S)-5-(1-(2-хлор-6-фторбензил) пирроли-дин-2-ил)-4-фенил-2,4-дигидро-3H-1,2,4-триазол-3-тиона с сохранением хирального центра. Источником хирального центра, присутствующего в соединениях, является L-пролин, конфигурация которого сохранялась на протяжении всего синтеза. Структуру соединений подтверждали спектральными методами NMR 1H и 13C, и HRMS, а структуру хирального центра – спектральным методом ECD.
The synthesis of (S)-5-(1-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione with retention of the chiral center was performed from commercially available starting materials. The source of the chiral center present in the compounds is L-proline, the configuration of which was retained throughout the synthesis. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR and HRMS spectral methods, and the structure of the chiral center was confirmed by the ECD spectral method.
Impact of Financial Leverage, Investment and Dividend Payments on Likelihood of Financial Distress in Emerging Markets
Authors: Maiyo Rodgers Kimutai , Cheboi Josephat , Limo Patrick
Published: January 2025

Financial distress poses a significant challenge for companies around the globe, often resulting from a complex interplay of financial decisions. Understanding the factors that contribute to this risk is crucial for firms seeking to navigate the complexities of financial management. This research explores how these key financial decisions (Financial leverage, investment rate and dividend payment ratio) impact a company’s likelihood of experiencing financial distress. The study initially considered 65 firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) as of December 2021. Applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, the research narrowed this down to 45 firms that were operational throughout the study period from 2008 to 2021, resulting in 630 firm-year observations in total. The study utilized secondary data from annual financial reports and employed descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The study used panel logistic regression to test hypotheses, providing a robust understanding of the data. The study results specifically indicate a positive and significant effect of financial leverage (β = 0.238, ρ<0.05) and investment rate (β=2.199, ρ<0.05) on the likelihood of financial distress, while dividend payout policy had a negative and significant effect (β= -1.852, ρ<0.05 on the likelihood financial distress. Specifically, the results suggest that high financial leverage and high investment rate significantly elevate this risk, while the dividend payout ratio reduces it. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for companies to align their financial decisions with long-term sustainability goals to ensure their ongoing stability and success.