bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of clinical profile among hypertensive patients, Meru, Kenya
Authors: Kathuri Elizabeth W. , Gichunge Catherine , Gitonga Lucy K.
Published: January 2024

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Globally, more than 1.28 billion adults are hypertensive and in Kenya, 24% of adult population has elevated blood pressure and 56% of these have never been screened for hypertension. Assessment of clinical profile helps guide the management of hypertensive patients towards obtaining normal blood pressure levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical profile of hypertensive patients at the Meru Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya.
Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted and systematic random sampling was used to sample 75 hypertensive patients who participated in the study. The collected data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Chi square was used to assess the relationship between the participants’ demographic characteristics, clinical profile and hypertension. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.
Results: The average mean age of the participants was 58.53 years and majority were female (52%). Thirty-three (33.3%) were overweight and 24% were obese. The mean body mass index (BMI) for both genders was 26.48±5.24, the mean waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) was 0.94 and 102.09 respectively with 85.3% of the participants having a substantially increased WHR. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity (70.73%). Of the five clinical profiles assessed (BMI, RBS, WHR, presence of comorbidities and drug used) only the presence of comorbidity was associated with BP levels χ2 (10.01,3), p=0.018.
Conclusions: Participants had high blood pressure, BMI, WHR and WC readings as well as several comorbidities.
Yoga as an adjunct therapy in elderly patients of chronic constipation
Authors: Chaudhary Kirti , Dhatrak Amey , Gupta Anupama , Fulmali Darshna
Published: January 2024

Background: Constipation being very prevalent and common complaint in elderly people, an effective measure is needed to get the relief along with drugs for constipation used by clinicians. Our aim was to search out the potential applicability and effectiveness of yoga.
Methods: 30 elderly patients visiting medicine OPD for chronic constipation were included in study. Yoga group (15) was offered selected yogic practices in addition to drugs and control group drugs only. Patients kept record of drug intake on paper for 2 months of study. Data was obtained by using CAS score and frequency of drug intake. Data were analysed using t test.
Results: Baseline CAS scores for the yoga and control groups were 11.92±1.59 and 12.07±1.68 respectively. Post yoga CAS score for the yoga and control groups were 3.50±1.40 and 4.14±1.5 respectively. Frequency of drug intake in yoga and control groups in first month of yoga was 17.57±2.31 and 19.14±2.38 respectively. In 4th month of yoga practice frequency of drug intake in yoga and control groups was 11.07±2.16 and 18.35±2.56, which was highly significant.
Conclusions: Selected yoga practices can be used as an adjuvant therapy to treat chronic constipation in case of elderly. They can be effective in decreasing drug requirement in patients of chronic constipation. Yoga practices should be advised for patients of chronic constipation.
A cross sectional study to assess knowledge and self-expressed practices regarding universal precautions among nursing students
Authors: Khandelwal Nisha , Negi Parul , Kaur Parminder , Kaur Parwinder , Shruti  , Nagi Manisha
Published: January 2024

Background: Each year, 2 million healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed to HBV, 9 million to HCV and 1 lakh 70 thousand to HIV. To reduce disease transmission, blood and body fluid precautions were recommended in 1983 by the United States Centre for Disease Control (CDC). Objective was to assess the knowledge and Self-Expressed Practices (SEPs) regarding universal precautions among B.Sc. Nursing (BSN) students and the association between knowledge and SEPs.
Methods: A descriptive approach and cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 200 students from BSN 1st year, 2nd year and 3rd years 60, 70 and 70, respectively, consented to participate in the study. Bio-data profile, a self-structured questionnaire to assess knowledge and a Likert scale to assess SEP.
Results: Only 2.9% of students of BSN 2nd year fall in the adequate knowledge category, whereas 56.67 % (n=60) students of 1st year, 71.5% (n=70) students of 2nd year, and 68.6% (n=70) students of 3rd year belonged to moderate knowledge category. 86.67% of students in BSN 1st year, 78.57% of students 2nd year and 68.57% of students 3rd year fall in the adequate SEPs category. Only BSN 3rd year students showed a significant association between knowledge and SEPs sum total score (p=0.02).
Conclusions: Maximum students had moderate knowledge, but SEPs were in an inadequate category. Students repeatedly receive training regarding universal precautions as they are the future of the health care system, and continuous surveillance of occupational hazards should be conducted to ensure safety and awareness among students and other Health Care Workers (HCWs).
Comprehensive assessment of the psychological well-being of school going adolescent girls in Chandigarh, India
Authors: Singh Chandni , Walia Dinesh K. , Prashar Savita
Published: January 2024

Background: Adolescence, a crucial stage in human development, involves significant physical and psychological changes. Unfortunately, these transformations often go unnoticed, leading to an increase in psychological issues among adolescents. Objective of the study was to have a comprehensive assessment of the reasons due to which the adolescents are suffering from high psychological distress in school-going adolescent girls in Chandigarh.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chandigarh schools included 168 adolescent females aged 13 to 19. The data collection utilized a multi-stage random sampling approach.
Results: The research revealed that academic pressure 147 (87.5%), financial concerns of the family 77 (45.8%), difficulties in communication with family and peers 86 (51.2%) and the negative thinking pattern (83.4%, n=140) are affecting the adolescent girls' mental well-being. The study revealed that a significant number of participants frequently experienced emotions such as nervousness, guilt, social anxiety, insecurity, discrimination, and difficulty concentrating. Additionally, a substantial portion of the group reported instances of sleeplessness 92 (54.8%) and feelings of loneliness 136 (81%). Participants also indicated engaging in coping mechanisms like over thinking, procrastination, and overeating when facing stress. Alarmingly, some individuals turned to smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug abuse as stress-relief strategies, raising concerns for the community.
Conclusions: The study highlighted the fact that supportive environment at home and in schools, with open communication and counseling to address these issues. Work should be done to reduce the stigma associated with mental health issue and encourage open conversations about mental health to help adolescents feel more comfortable seeking support.
Assessment of level of stress among post-graduate trainees working in tertiary care hospital in a district of Assam
Authors: Rabha Alpana Priya , Das Uddipta Bhaskar , Deka Upama
Published: January 2024

Background: Medical education is itself very vast, stressful and challenging. Stressful condition can lead to many psychological responses like anxiety, depression, irritability, restlessness, sleep disturbances etc. The postgraduate students are at risk of developing stress due to their professional duties, workloads, peer pressure, academic activities and so on. Thus, the study has been initiated to find out the level of stress and its related factors among the post graduate students in a Tertiary care hospital of Assam.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on all the postgraduate students in a tertiary care hospital during March’23 to June’23. By convenience sampling technique around 108 post graduate students were participated in the study. The level of stress had been assessed by perceived stress scale (PSS-10), stress related symptoms from self reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20), and sleep quality by insomnia severity index scale.
Results: The study found out that 98 (90.74%) had moderate, 6 (5.55%) high and 4(3.74%) low level of stress. The stress was associated with marital status, gender, residence and clinical and non-clinical departments. Out of 75 male (69.45%), 72 (96% ) moderate, 2 (2.6% ) high and 1 (1.3%) low level of stress and 33 (30.55%) female participants, 81.8% had moderate, 4 (1212%) high, and 2 (6.06%) had low level of stress.
Conclusions: The study had concluded that stress was found to be prevalent among the study participants.
A cross sectional study to assess the anxiety, stress and depression among nurses during COVID-19 at selected hospitals, Udaipur
Authors: Pujari Jitendra , Mansuri M. U.
Published: January 2024

Background: This study aims to assess anxiety, stress, and depression levels among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A quantitative non-experimental approach was employed, utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional design with 300 nurses selected through simple random sampling. Data collection included demographic and clinical variables. Anxiety, stress, and depression levels were measured using the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), perceived stress scale, and Hamilton depression rating scale, respectively. Pearson's correlation and Chi-square tests were used for analysis in statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS).
Results: A majority of staff nurses experienced mild anxiety (53.7%), stress (64.3%), and depression (71.7%). Scores indicated mean anxiety (14.42, SD=4.46), stress (13.74, SD=3.13), and depression (18.23, SD=4.23). Positive correlations were found between stress-anxiety (p=0.002, r=0.376) and anxiety-depression (p=0.040, r=0.119). A weak correlation existed between stress and depression (p=0.068, r=0.105). Anxiety correlated with age, professional experience, and marital status (p<0.05), while stress correlated with age and professional experience (p<0.05). Depression correlated with professional experience and marital status (p<0.05). Work-related variables and fears were associated with anxiety and stress but not depression among staff nurses during COVID-19.
Conclusions: The study underscores widespread mild anxiety, stress, and depression among nurses during the pandemic, emphasizing their interconnection. Age, professional experience, and marital status influenced mental health outcomes. Tailored interventions and targeted support are crucial to address these challenges and enhance nursing well-being. Healthcare institutions should prioritize implementing such strategies to bolster nurses' resilience and effectiveness in navigating ongoing and future challenges.
Lichen planus and its clinical variants: a retrospective study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Vani Talluru , Kumar Talamala Sampath Priya , Suma M.
Published: January 2024

Background: Lichen planus is a chronic pruritic immune-mediated disorder involving skin, oral and genital mucosa, nail and hair with several morphological variants. Although not lethal, the chronic nature of the disease have significant impact on patient’s quality of life and their psychological wellbeing. Aim was to find out clinico-epidemiological profile of LP and its variants including Dermoscopic features and its association with systemic diseases like Diabetes, Hypertension and Hypothyroidism.
Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective observational study. Medical records of all patients with LP during the period from January to December 2022 were noted. Various clinico-epidemiological and dermoscopic features along with systemic disease association were analysed.
Results: A total of 257 cases were reported. Most common age group affected was 41-60 yrs. Male:female ratio was 0.72:1 with female preponderance. LP in children (<18 yrs) was seen in 9.7% of cases. Classical LP was the most common type (29.5%) followed by Mucosal LP (12.45%). More than one variant was seen in 20.6% of cases. LP in association with systemic diseases was seen in 36.1% of cases with DM being the most frequent. Most common dermoscopic features were pigmentation (100%) followed by Wickham’s striae (83.6%) and vascular findings (49.4%).
Conclusions: LP is a common papulosquamous disorder affecting middle aged adults with slight female preponderance. Childhood LP contributed to significant number of cases. Classical LP was the commonest clinical variant observed. LP is associated with DM, HTN and hypothyroidism. Dermoscopy is an useful tool in diagnosis and differentiating from other similar conditions.
Morphological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes in tissues of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats orally treated with isotretinoin
Authors: Khalil Ahmad , Alrabie Amneh , Al-Omari Tareq , Siam Hasan Abo , Ghorab Doaa
Published: January 2024

Isotretinoin (ISO) is the most effective drug prescribed by dermatologists for the treatment of acne vulgaris and other clinical skin cases. A significant obstacle to using ISO is concerns regarding its adverse effect profile. Despite the well-established reproductive toxicity in females, information on the effects on human male fertility is scarce, contradictory, and inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential histological and histochemical effects of ISO.

Isotretinoin was administered orally for seven successive days to Sprague Dawley male rats in a 5-20 mg/kg/day dose range. Standard histological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate ISO side effects.

High doses of ISO led to infiltration of inflammatory cells in hepatic tissues, atrophy of the kidney glomeruli, and collapse of testicular compartments. Decreased E2F4 production was positively correlated to a reduced rate of spermatogenesis.

The findings provide further evidence for ISO's cytotoxic and reprotoxic potencies. These effects are probably partly due to slowing down the expression of an E2F4 transcription factor. The dysregulated gene may play an essential role in spermatogenesis. The diagnostic value of the E2F4 gene needs to be further validated by different proteomics approaches, and its precise role in spermatogenesis needs to be investigated.
Labour Market Effects of Trade in a Small Open Economy
Authors: Kügler Agnes , Friesenbichler Klaus , Hirsch Cornelius
Published: January 2024

Austria is a small open economy that in the last decades underwent two different waves of increasing trade integration: one with Eastern Europe and one with China. Drawing on trade theory, this paper studies the effects of increases in trade with China and Eastern Europe on labour market dynamics in Austrian NUTS-4 regions for two ten-year periods between 1995 and 2015. Given the limited data available, the current analysis could not identify significant effects on aggregate labour dynamics neither for rising imports from Eastern Europe or China, nor for rising exports to Eastern Europe. However, there is weak evidence that exports to China have facilitated employment growth, especially in high quality segments. Overall, these results add a cautious perspective to the discussion of import competition.
Percepcja przestrzeni małego miasta na przykładzie Gościna
Authors: Konecka-Szydłowska Barbara
Published: January 2024

Celem opracowania jest waloryzacja publicznej przestrzeni miejskiej nowego miasta Gościno. Badanie percepcji przestrzeni Gościna przeprowadzono w odniesieniu do pięciu podstawowych kategorii ładu przestrzennego: 1) ładu urbanistyczno-architektonicznego, którego najistotniejszą cechą jest zwartość kompozycji przestrzennej, 2) ładu funkcjonalnego związanego z wygodą życia, 3) ładu estetycznego określającego urodę miejsca i przestrzeni, 4) ładu społecznego odnoszącego się do jednostkowej i zbiorowej identyfikacji z miejscem i przestrzenią oraz 5) ładu ekologicznego związanego z wartością środowiska naturalnego (Wódz 1991; Bartoszek, Gruszczyński, Szczepański 1997). W opracowaniu posłużono się metodą dyferencjału semantycznego (Osgood, Suci, Tannenbaum 1957; Burgess 1978; Mayntz, Holm, Hubner 1985) i wykorzystano wyniki badań ankietowych, które przeprowadzono w czerwcu 2011 r. wśród mieszkańców miasta. Wskazano również najważniejsze, zdaniem mieszkańców, pozytywne i negatywne elementy przestrzeni miasta.
Zarys sytuacji demograficznej w małych miastach Ukrainy
Authors: Bartosiewicz Bartosz , Chemerys Svitlana
Published: January 2024

Małe miasto to popularny przedmiot zainteresowań w polskiej literaturze zarówno geograficznej, jak i ekonomicznej, czy społecznej. Odmienna sytuacja ma miejsce na Ukrainie , gdzie możliwości badań z zakresu geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej, czy też szerzej badań przestrzennych są bardzo trudne. Podstawową barierę stanowi dostęp do danych statystycznych. Brak takich danych przekłada się z kolei na mniejsze zainteresowanie problematyką małych miast na Ukrainie. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie zróżnicowania potencjału demograficznego małych miast Ukrainy na tle sytuacji krajowej. Zadaniem autorów nie jest szczegółowe rozwinięcie powyższej problematyki, a jedynie zarysowanie istniejącej sytuacji, co stanowi wprowadzenie do szerszych badań, które docelowo prowadzić będą do analiz porównawczych pomiędzy Polską i Ukrainą.
Steel degassing in continuous steel melting units
Authors: Murashov Viacheslav  A. , Strogonov Konstantin V. , Borisov Andrey A. , Lvov Dmitry D.
Published: January 2024

The requirements for the quality of steel products dictate the need to increase the share of evacuated steel. In addition, the growing cost of fuel, as well as the desire of society and the state to decarbonize various industries, including ferrous metallurgy, requires companies to reduce fuel costs and switch to more modern and cleaner technologies. Reducing the specific fuel consumption, and, accordingly, emissions, is possible due to the transition to continuous production, minimizing the cost of heating the equipment and maintaining the set temperature in the degasser during technological downtime. The article deals with the issues of steel melt degassing in U-type continuous degassers in continuous steel making units. Aim. To consider the influence of rarefaction of a gas bubble on the characteristic size over the melt, speed and time of its surfacing in a U-type degassing unit. Based on the obtained dependences, to determine the characteristic size of a vacuum chamber and energy effect of switching to a continuous vacuumization. Methods.. Results. The authors have determined a bubble characteristic size in a steel melt under vacuum of different degrees. They studied the effect of vacuum on vacuumization speed and the degassing unit dimensions. The energy effect of switching to continuous vacuumization was determined. The proposed methodology is valid for liquid media, the calculations are presented on the example of molten steel. Based on the conducted calculations, the depression influence on molten steel vacuumization was determined. The vacuum chamber dimensions, comparable with RH-vacuum cleaners presented at the market of similar productivity and quality of finished products, as well as reducing energy consumption for steel degassing in a continuous vacuum degasser, compared with the existing circulating installation, were determined.
Assessment of of phosphorus fertilizer wastes production impact on subterranean water quality (Gomel chemical plant, Republic of Belarus)
Authors: Galkin Alexandr N. , Pavlovsky Alexandr I. , Shershnyov Oleg V.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Phosphate raw materials processing at the Gomel chemical plant over a period of more than 50 years has led to accumulation of millions of tons of phosphogypsum dumps. They are a source of subterranean water contamination by sulfates, phosphates and other chemical compounds. Therefore, there is the need in current estimation of the scale and extent of aquifers contamination, taking into account the geological and hydrogeological conditions that influence the migration of contaminants. Aim. Assessment of hydrogeological parameters affecting distribution of contaminants in subterranean water and the degree of aquifers contamination. Objects. Aquifers and impermeable horizons. Methods. Methods for assessment of hydrogeological parameters, methods for determining the chemical composition of subterranean water. Results. The paper assesses a technogenic effect, produced by dumps of Gomel chemical plant. It reviews a subterranean water monitoring local network within the Gomel chemical plant influence area. The hydrogeological parameters of aquifers of the upper hydrodynamic zone are quantitatively assessed, given that this zone undergoes the strongest anthropogenic impact. The study of subterranean water quality ends up with three classes of contamination: high, moderate and insignificant. Sulphates, nitrogen ammonium, phosphorus phosphate are identified as major contaminants. The authors find a spatial pattern of subterranean water contaminants differentiation that tends to develop both horizontally and vertically. As a result of the study, areas and sources of high groundwater contamination are determined and mapped. A conclusion is drawn on the necessity of further control over the subterranean water conditions and contamination development in time and space.
Selection of numerical method for solving ordinary differential equation systems for a high-speed model of hydrocarbons steam cracking
Authors: Kozlov Vladimir V. , Dolganov Igor M. , Slobodin Stepan S.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Caused by the need to increase production of light olefins. The use of advanced process control systems and Real–Time Optimization makes it possible to increase the efficiency of steam cracking plants, but requires a high-speed mathematical model of the process. Aim. To select a method for numerical solution of systems of ordinary differential equations, which provides the highest speed when calculating the reaction coil of a steam cracking furnace. Reducing the time spent on calculating each scenario will allow the proposed model to be used for real-time process optimization tasks. Object. Mathematical model of ethane steam cracking, numerical methods for ordinary differential equations systems solution. Methods. System analysis, mathematical modeling. To solve the ordinary differential equations systems, various explicit numerical methods were used, differing in approach to integration step determination. Results. The authors have developed and tested a steady-state model of ethane steam cracking. The developed model was used to compare the calculation time required for solving ordinary differential equations systems using different numerical methods. It was demonstrated, that the use of an adaptive integration step reduces calculation time by more than 20 times (from more than 11 hours to 34 minutes) while maintaining the accuracy of calculations. This is due to different reaction rates through the length of the reaction coil – in areas of high temperatures and high concentrations of reagents, a reduction in the integration step is required to obtain the desired accuracy. And in low reaction rates areas an increase in the step and reduction in the total calculated iterations are acceptable.
Variants of application of the least squares method in Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler approximations
Authors: Galkin Vladislav M. , Volkov Yuriy S. , Chekantseva Liliya V. , Ivanov Vladimir A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Caused by the need to develop and optimize the mathematical apparatus for processing the results of laboratory experiments and increasing the adequacy of the results obtained. Aim. To create alternative methods for finding the parameters of the Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler dependencies, which are subject to surfactant adsorption from an aqueous solution on solid adsorbents and deposition of suspended particles in sedimentation analysis. Methods. The main method for determining the parameters of two-parameter dependencies is the least squares method. The standard approach is based on finding the minimum of a function of two variables by computational methods of nonlinear programming. The equations, obtained by equating the derivatives of the objective function for each of the parameters to zero, are used as necessary conditions for the minimum of the objective function. The paper considers alternative approaches to obtaining explicit formulas and reduction to the solution of the transcendental equation. Results. For the two-parameter dependencies of Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler, the alternative approaches for determining unknown parameters are proposed. In the standard approach, solving the problem is based on numerical minimization of a function of two variables by nonlinear programming methods. The authors propose the approach, in which the Szyszkowski and Rosin–Rammler equations are subjected to some equivalent transformations so that the use of the necessary minimum conditions makes it possible to obtain a linear equation with respect to at least one of the required parameters. This leads to simplification of calculations, it is required to solve one transcendental equation numerically, the second parameter is then determined by an explicit formula. And for the Rosin–Rammler dependence, in one of the proposed variants, it was possible to obtain explicit formulas for finding both parameters.
Borders of water bodies and their water protection zones in wetlands (based on the example of the Iksa river, Tomsk region, Russian Federation)
Authors: Chilinger Liliya N. , Gatina Nataliya V. , Pasechnik Elena Yu.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Currently, there are a number of contradictions in defining the boundaries of water bodies, as well as special zones for their protection and use, because there is an urgent need for the correct establishment of such zones. In addition, the calculated probabilities for assessing the position of coastlines are not legally established. In this regard, the article examines the importance of reliably defining the boundaries of coastlines and river water protection zones in wetlands where there is the most contradictions. Aim. Comparative analysis of various methods for assessing the position of the coastline and the boundaries of the water protection zone of a river with a heavily swamped catchment. Methods. Statistical and cartographic methods, interpretation of space and aerial photographs. Results and conclusions. The authors have carried out the analysis of long-term data from routine hydrometeorological observations (1933–2007), materials from field surveys and interpretation of remote sensing data of the river Iksa section near the village Plotnikovo. It is shown that for this river the most rational way to assess the boundaries of a water body is to determine the average long-term maximum water level (the boundaries of the lower floodplain), and the boundaries of the water protection zone – by the maximum water level with a supply of 1% (the boundaries of the upper floodplain). These boundaries are quite noticeable during reconnaissance surveys during engineering studies and when using Earth remote sensing materials. All this increases the efficiency of environmental protection measures due to a more reasonable identification of water protection zones and makes it possible to optimize the methodology for determining their boundaries due to the use of these data instead of formal interpolation between observation points.
THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA: METAPHORICAL EUPHEMISM IN INDONESIAN PRESIDENT’S FACEBOOK COMMENTS
Authors: Haryanto Sigit , Setiawaty Rani , Rahmatika Laily , Wahyudi Agus Budi , Hoque Mohammed Shamsul , Najikhah Fatikhatun , Islam M. Monjurul
Published: January 2024

In this era of digitalization, national politicians are increasingly embracing social media as a means of effective communication with the people they govern. Social media platforms like Facebook have become customary for the ruling class to ensure efficient communication with the public. In their comments on social media, netizens frequently resort to metaphors to express their opinions on topics of general interest. This research examines the usage of metaphorical euphemisms in online comments on Joko Widodo's Facebook posts. This research aims to describe metaphorical euphemisms in President Joko Widodo's Facebook comments. A qualitative approach combined with content analysis has been used in this study. The results reveal that netizens' use of metaphorical euphemisms is influenced by their beliefs, experiences, and socio-cultural perceptions of politics. This study bridges a gap in the literature by investigating how national leaders, particularly in Indonesia, utilize rhetorical strategies on their social media accounts.
PHONETIC INTERFERENCE COMPETENCE IN ARABIC ARTICULATION FOR CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Authors: Hasan Laili Mas Ulliyah , Aziz Muhammad Tareh , Nurharini Firdausi , Machmudah Umi
Published: January 2024

This study endeavors to meticulously assess the efficacy of a straightforward intervention in Arabic for a person with Down Syndrome. The research focuses on a specific subject denoted as MS, representing children with Down Syndrome possessing an extremely low IQ. The subject is perceived as incapable of executing cognitive tasks, including acquiring linguistic capabilities. Through a qualitative approach, this research integrates methods such as observation, interviews, and expert assessments conducted by psychologists to oversee the intervention process. Data collection encompasses the researcher's observational records, interviews, and pertinent documentation. A descriptive analysis methodology is employed for data analysis and presentation. The study reveals discernible enhancements in MS's Arabic pronunciation following the phonetic articulation intervention. Initially, MS could only pronounce the letters Alif, Ta, Jim, Ha, Dal, Za, Sin, Shod, Tho, 'Ain, Fa, Kaf, Lam, Mim, Nun, Ya, Wawu, Hha, Hamzah, but later, MS can also articulate Ba, Tsa, Kho, Dzal, Ro, Syin, Dlod, Dzo, Ghin, Qof, Yak. Throughout the investigation, recurrent challenges manifested as MS encountered difficulties, such as experiencing headaches and multiple crossed eyes in articulating specific phonemes and words during the initial phases of Arabic language acquisition.
HUMOROUS ASPECTS OF TRUCK CONTAINER SIGNS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wijana I Dewa Putu
Published: January 2024

As Homo Ludens, human beings inherently possess a penchant for play. They exhibit the remarkable ability to craft various forms of playful devices, one of which revolves around the skillful use of language as their primary vehicle for verbal communication. This paper explores the humorous dimensions inherent in language usage, as artfully harnessed in the signage adorning truck containers. By meticulously scrutinizing these container signs displayed on trucks navigating the highways of Indonesia, this study unveils that the creators of these signs employ three fundamental mechanisms, as articulated by Bergson's (1983) theory, to elicit smiles and laughter from their audience. These mechanisms encompass repetition, inversion, and, most notably, the concept of reciprocal interference within series. Such effects are achieved through various techniques, including phonological alterations, ambiguities, juxtapositions, and the deliberate incorporation of taboos and insults.
Crítica y libertad: dificultades y oportunidades en el contexto escolar
Authors: Brito Leonardo
Published: January 2024

El propósito de este artículo es analizar las posibilidades de crítica y libertad del sujeto en el contexto escolar. El método seleccionado fue la revisión documental. El escrito se estructura en tres partes. En la primera, se realiza un acercamiento a la idea de antropología pedagógica, con la intención de mostrar su relevancia en términos educativos. En la segunda, se pone de manifiesto cómo para dos pensadores de la modernidad: Kant y Herbart, la libertad es el fin pedagógico por excelencia, para lo que es necesario reconocer al hombre como ser educable y formable. Se concluye que la libertad, como perspectiva crítica, presenta dificultades de concreción en la práctica escolar actual; pero desde el diálogo de la pedagogía con otras disciplinas es posible entrever oportunidades para su despliegue.
The Impact of Video-Based Learning to Cognitive Learning Outcome of Student in Elementary School
Authors: Ismiyanti Yulina , Permatasari Devi , Mayasari Novi , Qoni’ah Marifatul
Published: January 2024

The results of observations and interviews at elementary school showed that Indonesian history material was considered material that was difficult for students to accept and understand. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of video based learning on cognitive learning outcomes of Indonesian history material in elementary schools. This research method is an experiment. The form of the experimental design used in this study was a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group type. Data analysis was carried out through tests for normality, homogeneity, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test. The first hypothesis test, namely the paired sample t-test, shows that there is an influence seen from Lower and Upper which is negative, namely Upper is -18.270 and Lower is -27.312. Sig. Value (2-tailed) shows the number 0.000 which means <0.05. The second hypothesis test, namely the independent sample t-test, shows that there is a difference seen from Lower and Upper which is negative, namely Lower is -13.651 and Upper is -3.109. Sig. Value (2-tailed) shows the number 0.002 which means <0.05 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It was concluded that the video based learning had an effect on the cognitive learning outcomes of Indonesian historical material at SDN 02 Temulus. Videos based learning can be used as an alternate learning resource in elementary schools to help students comprehend Indonesian history.
Research competence in initial teacher education: Perceptions, orientations, and suggestions
Authors: GÜMÜŞOK Fatma , TANER-YAVUZ Gülden , BALIKÇI Gözde
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate student teachers' perceived competence in educational research, along with teacher educators' and graduates' opinions and suggestions regarding research in an initial English language teacher education program at a state university in Türkiye. To this end, this case study employed a mixed-method design to explore data from 70 student teachers, nine graduates, and six teacher educators through surveys and interviews. We observed that the student teachers perceive themselves as competent in designing, conducting, and reporting research, and their competence was also acknowledged by the graduates and teacher educators. All the participants highlighted the importance of research for teachers; however, some had reservations. They found the context too academically oriented and emphasized the need to introduce the inherent link between teaching and research, which seemed to be obscure especially for the student teachers. We conclude that introducing action research early on is an ideal way to address and embrace all the diverse perceptions, orientations, interests, and motivations about research in initial teacher education.
The model of the formation of intra-corporate relational interactions of JSC «RZD» in the sphere of the car fleet preservation
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Sirina Nina Fridrikhovna , Sverdlov Vadim Borisovich ,   JSC «RZD»
Published: January 2024

The intra-corporate relational space of JSC «RZD» in the sphere of the car fleet preservation is considered. The formed commercial and production ties between the participants of the relational process within the RZD Holding are shown and analyzed. Contradictions between the participants of the inner relational space are analyzed. There are suggested solutions which simplify the procedure of the control by the departments not included into the Directorate of the infrastructure for the car fleet preservation and provide the compliance of the requirements set by the legal documentations of JSC «RZD» and the railways. It is shown that relational interactions let reduce the acuity of inconsistencies between the tasks of each department of JSC «RZD» and the management decisions directed to the control of the car fleet preservation.
The influence of random factors on internal transport processes of industrial enterprises
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Okulov Nikolay Evgenyevich , Timukhina Elena Nikolaevna ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Koshheev Anton Alexeevich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Kashheeva Natalya Vyacheslavovna ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: January 2024

In modern economic conditions, industrial enterprises strive to minimize production costs, including for internal transport services. Using the example of a mining and processing enterprise, the article presents a new approach to organization of internal transport services, taking into account the stochastic nature of extraction and processing of raw materials. Random processes in the operating mode of the enterprise are determined. The method for calculating the rhythms of departure is proposed, which ensures the rhythmic arrival of raw materials taking into account the transport network parameters.
Assessment of energy losses in power supply system at decrease of train-to-train interval
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Yushkova Irina Anatolyevna
Published: January 2024

The paper is devoted to assessment of energy losses in a traction power system and transformers of traction substations. At studying a 3.0 kV DC traction power supply system in conditions of operation of freight trains with unified weight and decrease of a train-to-train interval the author conducted two experiments. Results were analysed for compliance with the criteria that restrain capacity by power supply devices. As a result, the author gives an assessment to energy losses in traction power system and in transformers of traction substations.
Engajamento acadêmico e síndrome do impostor entre graduandos
Authors: Silva Jessiane Dayane Soares da , Almeida Aline Carvalho de
Published: January 2024

Introdução: No contexto universitário, construtos como o Engajamento Acadêmico (EA) se tornam desejáveis, o qual refere-se a um persistente estado de espírito afetivo-cognitivo. Esse espaço também é caracterizado por uma lógica de produtividade, gerando sentimentos de fraude, característicos da Síndrome do Impostor (SI). Sendo assim é possível que, visando alcançar a imagem idealizada de sucesso acadêmico, estudantes se envolvam bastante para diminuir essa sensação de falsidade. Objetivo: Buscou-se conhecer a relação entre o engajamento acadêmico e a síndrome do impostor, além de verificar se há uma relação de predição e se existem diferenças em função de variáveis sociodemográficas. Metodologia: Agregando uma amostra de 201 graduandos da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), os respondentes foram contatados para responder o questionário online contendo os instrumentos do estudo referente aos construtos de engajamento acadêmico e síndrome do impostor, além das informações sociodemográficas. Para alcançar os objetivos, foram realizadas análises de correlação, regressão linear e ANOVA fatorial. Resultados: De fato, encontram-se correlações significativas entre os construtos e suas respectivas dimensões, assim como uma relação de predição, o que vem a corroborar com achados anteriores. Referente às diferenciações de engajamento mediante variáveis como sexo ou exercício laboral, não houve resultados estatisticamente significativos. Conclusão: Com isso, é possível compreender que juntamente com os aspectos positivos do comprometimento na universidade, os estudantes também podem estar lidando com o sentimento de fraude e de autodepreciação. Adentrar essa temática, permite fomentar pesquisas e ações mais direcionadas ao seu bem-estar e desempenho.
The Info-Geometric Analysis of Wind Speed Dynamics and How Energy Is Influentially Impacted by Information Geometry (IG)
Authors: A Mageed Dr Ismail
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses how mathematical models are used to predict environmental conditions. While these models are successful for larger scale phenomena, it becomes more complex for local weather or wave processes. Several approaches have been proposed to address this problem, including neural networks and statistical and mathematical models. The novelty in this approach is the use of statistical manifolds, which provide a more accurate way to estimate distances and cost functions. This work focuses on advancements in differential and information geometry for creating different types of models that can be used for environmental simulation and forecasting. These fields are vital for many institutes and centres worldwide, as they help solve challenges in areas such as meteorology, renewable energy, and aviation safety. Some potential IG applications to advance energy were given. Closing remarks with new open problems combined with the next research phase are provided.
Current State of Molecular Cytology in Thyroid Nodules: Platforms and their Diagnostic and Theranostic Utility
Authors: Hannoush Zeina Carolina , Ruiz-Cordero Roberto , Jara Mark , Kargi Atil Y
Published: January 2024

The high prevalence of thyroid nodules and increased availability of neck ultrasound have led to an increased incidence of diagnostic thyroid fine needle aspirations, with approximately 20% yielding indeterminate results. The recent availability of molecular tests has helped guide the clinical management of these cases. This paper aims to review and compare three main commercially available molecular cytology platforms in the U.S. – Afirma GSC, Thyroseq GC, and ThyGeNEXT+ThyraMIR. Sequential improvements of the Afirma GSC and Thyroseq GC tests have led to higher positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity. Comparative studies revealed similar diagnostic performance between these tests, with considerations for factors such as cost and processing time. Thyroseq GC provides detailed genomic information and specific management recommendations. ThyGeNEXT+ThyraMIR, though less studied, presents promising results, particularly in miRNA analysis for weak driver mutations. Challenges in interpreting results include variations in reporting and the evolving nature of testing platforms. Questions persist regarding cost-effectiveness and the utility of ultrasound characteristics in selecting candidates for molecular testing. While molecular testing has primarily served diagnostic purposes, advancements in understanding genetic alterations now offer therapeutic implications. FDA-approved options target specific genetic alterations, signaling a promising future for tailored treatments.
A Convolutional Neural Network as a Potential Tool for Camouflage Assessment
Authors: Van der Burg Erik , Toet Alexander , Perone Paola , Hogervorst Maarten A.
Published: January 2024

Camouflage evaluation typically involves human visual search and detection experiments that are time-consuming and expensive. Hence, there is a need for models that compute camouflage effectiveness from digital imagery. Convolutional neural networks are a powerful tool for automatic object detection and recognition. We investigated whether such a network (YOLO) can also provide a measure of camouflage effectiveness that is related to human perception. To this end, human performance measures of camouflage effectiveness such as detection time and target conspicuity were obtained in observer experiments and compared with the performance of the (standard, i.e. pre-trained) YOLO-V4-tiny algorithm. YOLO provides the probability that a detected object is correctly classified, and this is adopted as our measure of camouflage effectiveness. We compared the YOLO-predicted classification probability for a person in camouflage clothing moving through rural and urban scenes to human detection performance. Overall, camouflage effectiveness predicted by YOLO correlates with human observer performance. At close distances, YOLO’s classification performance appears sensitive to high-contrast shape-breaking elements of a camouflage pattern. This suggests that YOLO may be adapted to assess camouflage effectiveness for a wide range of applications, such as evaluating or optimizing one’s signature and predicting optimal hiding locations in a given environment. Further research is required to fully establish YOLO’s limitations and applicability for this purpose.
Increase of Prominent Probiotics Represents the Major Change in the Gut Microbiota in Female Morbid Obese Patients upon Bariatric Surgery and Are Accompanied with a Switch of Enterotypes
Authors: Kissmann Ann-Kathrin , Paß Frederike , Ruzicka Hans-Maximilian , Dorst Isabel , Stieger Kai R. , Weil Tanja , Gihring Adrian , Elad Leonard , Knippschild Uwe , Rosenau Frank
Published: January 2024

The global increase in obesity has significant health implications, with an increased BMI as a known risk factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or different cancer types. Long-term effectiveness of diet therapy in addressing morbid obesity is extremely limited with no adequate pharmaceutical agents available as treatment option resulting in bariatric surgery as being the only viable option to achieve and maintain significant long-term weight loss. One important role in the overall human health plays the gut microbiome and its complex composition, which is usually altered and reduced in complexity/diversity in severely obese patients. In this study, the influence of bariatric surgery and the resulting weight-loss on the gut microbiome composition of twelve morbid obese (BMI ≥ 40) female adult central European patients was investigated by comparing the relative abundances of the major microbial phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria prior- and post-surgery. We also aimed to give insight into the major changes of individual prominent and promising future probiotic bacteria characterized by an overall increase in abundance accompanied by a switch of enterotypes. Identifying specific microbial alterations associated with successful weight-loss outcomes may contribute to the development of future therapeutic interventions by supplementation with next-generation probiotics.
Design and Usability Assessment of a Cognitive Screening Digital Tool on Tablet: AlzVR Project
Authors: Maronnat Florian , Loup Guillaume , Degand Jonathan , Davesne Frederic , Otmane Samir
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the first cause of dementia worldwide and represents a public health challenge. Current diagnostic methods still rely on extended interviews and paper tests. We aim to create a novel, quick cognitive-screening tool on a numerical tablet. This program, built and edited with Unity®, runs on Android® for the Samsung Galaxy Tab S7 FE®. Composed of seven tasks inspired by the Mini-Mental Status Examination and the Montréal Cognitive Assessment, it browses several cognitive functions. The architectural design of this tablet application is distinguished by its multifaceted capabilities, encompassing not only seamless offline functionality but also a mechanism to ensure the singularity of data amalgamated from diverse sites. Additionally, a paramount emphasis is placed on safeguarding the confidentiality of patient information in the healthcare domain. Furthermore, the application empowers individual site managers by allowing them to access and peruse specific datasets, thereby enhancing their operational efficacy and decision-making processes. We performed a usability assessment among 24 healthy patients with a final F-SUS score of "excellent". Participants perceived the tool as simple to use and achieved the test in a mean time of 142 seconds, confirming that a short assessment on a numerical tablet is possible.