bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Reconsideration on the Compartmentalized Embankment of Tumuli: The Case of the Middle Nadong-river Basin
Authors:   The Korean Archaeological Society, Park Hyunjung
Published: February 2024

Researchers have varying opinions about whether the term "compartmentalized embankment" is appropriate and serves its purpose when it comes to raising the mound of tumuli. This study aims to divide the characteristics of the compartment into two from the perspective that the term compartmentalization is not necessarily based on meticulous planning and to reevaluate the nature of the compartmentalized embankment by analyzing its pattern from the tumuli in the Middle Nadong-river Basin. The analysis results showed that the quantity of radial compartments in the tumuli varies by the vertical process of each stage of the tumulus, and that both the number of radial compartments and vertical processes tend to increase in relation to the size of the tumulus. In addition, when it was possible to identify the first compartmentalized planning row, it was found that only a single planning row was created diagonally to the main burial chamber with a pit burial style. In short, the radial compartment means that the efficiency-based compartmentalization occurs again within the planned compartment, and the number of compartments increases as the size of the tumulus expands, indicating that the number of efficiency-based compartments increases regarding the maximum daily fill volume and the breaks during work. However, in contrast to this trend, there are cases where the number of compartments appears relatively high though the size of the mound is small, which suggests that the number of efficiency-based compartments has increased due to the limited labor force invested in the construction of the tumulus. The tumuli were constructed scientifically and systematically as a result of the civil engineering technology of the time, though it would have been challenging to standardize it. The application of civil engineering technology in the construction of the tumuli may not have strictly followed a set pattern even if there was one, but would have rather been adapted flexibly to accommodate the conditions of the construction site. This is also shown in the aspect of compartmentalized embankment, suggesting that it was used as a technique to raise the mound rather than primarily to distribute the work.
A Study on the Ground preparation layers of the Western Area of Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond
Authors:   The Korean Archaeological Society, Ji Youngbae
Published: February 2024

Gyeongju Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond are royal historical sites built in Unified Silla period, 679 and 674. Recently, this site had excavated and reported on Building A in the western area of Wolji pond. The existing view regarding the site construction for Building A is that the site preparation was carried out in a short period of time in the mid to late 7th century for the construction of Building A. This paper presumes that the land development was not done in a short period of time, but was done at temporal intervals and stages based on review of excavation data. This paper suggests the reasonable evidences that the pattern and depositional sequence of the soil layer at the northern trench, unearthed relics, radiocarbon dating results, and the existence of East Pond(Dongji) before Wolji Pond. This article assumes that the site formation at western area was completed and used before the construction of Building A. The period is estimated to be the late 5th century through artifacts. It regards the previous site construction that existed in the late 5th century. The function of the vertical silt facility discussed as a waterproofing facility in the previous site construction. In addition, it assumed that the silt facility would exist adjacent to the pond as a revetment of the East Pond. In conclusion, based on the results of the investigation of the trench on the northern side of Building A, the existence of the previous site formation layers that estimated to had been created around the late 5th century in the western area of Wolji. And along with its function as a waterproof facility, the landscape was presented in which the East Pond had located to the north of the Building A site before the Wolji Pond construction.
Teologi Kitab Amos sebagai Kontinuitas: Suatu Tinjauan Sejarah Sosial Karya Redaktur Periode Pra hingga Pasca-Pembuangan
Authors: Kaury Markus
Published: February 2024

The Book of Amos is part of the book of minor prophets in the Old Testament canon that has a variety of interpretations, especially in interpreting parts of the text that have a different social history from Amos's lifetime as a writer. Different approaches to social history certainly result in diverse theologies. Themes vary on Israel's salvation history as grace and obedience to God in an eschatological sense, but there is also the view that the time of salvation was revealed through restoration at the time the prophet gave a speech. The purpose of writing this article is to find the influence and contribution of the role of later writers of the Book of Amos, who redacted different theological themes based on the book's interpretation history. The method used is social situation analysis to analyze the history of the circulation of the prophetic oration in the book of Amos. In their life situations, the writers contributed to shaping the theology of the Book of Amos. The results of this study show that the essence of Amos's theology originating from different periods builds character and theology in the lives of righteous people. People are increasingly convinced of God's inclusion in the history of living situations.

Abstrak

Kitab Amos merupakan bagian kitab nabi-nabi kecil dalam kanon Perjanjian Lama yang memiliki beragam penafsiran, khususnya dalam menafsirkan bagian teks yang memiliki sejarah sosial berbeda dengan masa hidup Amos sebagai penulis. Pendekatan sejarah sosial yang berbeda tentu menghasilkan teologi yang beragam pula. Tema-tema beragam mengenai sejarah keselamatan Israel sebagai anugerah dan ketaatan kepada Allah dalam pemahaman eskatologis, tetapi terdapat juga pandangan bahwa masa keselamatan dinyatakan melalui restorasi pada saat nabi berorasi. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini ialah untuk menemukan pengaruh dan kontribusi adanya peran para penulis selanjutnya dari Kitab Amos yang meredaksi tema-tema teologi yang berbeda berdasarkan sejarah interpretasi kitab itu. Metode yang digunakan ialah analisis situasi sosial untuk menganalisis sejarah peredaksian dari orasi kenabian dalam kitab Amos. Para penulis dalam situasi kehidupan mereka berkontribusi dalam membentuk teologi Kitab Amos. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa esensi dari teologi Amos yang berasal dari periode yang berbeda membangun karakter dan teologi dalam kehidupan umat yang benar. Umat semakin meyakini akan penyertaan Allah dalam sejarah situasi kehidupan.
HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF RABBIT BUCKS TO QUANTITATIVE FEED RESTRICTION AND FEEDING TIME
Authors: Solomon Isongesit Patrick , Atata Imaobong , Istifanus Emmanuel Filian , Tom Emem Edidiong
Published: February 2024

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of feed restriction, feeding time and their interaction on haematological and serum profile in rabbit bucks. Eighteen (18) rabbit bucks were used for the study. The rabbit bucks were fed 75.00, 67.50 and 60.00g commercial growers’ pellets to represent 100, 90 and 80% daily ration respectively. The eighteen rabbit bucks were divided into two groups of nine (9) bucks each. The first group was fed in the morning while the second group was fed their daily ration in the evening. Bucks fed 100% daily ration served as control. The study adopted a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in completely randomized design (CRD). At the end of the 4th week of the experiment, blood samples were collected from each replicate for determination of hematological and serum biochemical indices. Data obtained were subjected to General linear model (GLM) procedure in a completely randomized design, using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The result showed that feed restriction affected (p<0.05) PCV, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets of rabbit bucks in the study. Feeding time significantly influenced (p<0.05) PCV, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Restricted feeding significantly affected (p<0.05) total protein, creatinine and serum enzymes. There was significant interaction between feed restriction and time of feeding on AST and ALT of the bucks fed 90% daily ration. In conclusion, Feeding rabbit bucks 90% of their daily ration in the evening improves most haematological and serum biochemical parameters without compromising the health of the animals.
Unveiling the Spark: Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) Analysis of Economic Growth, Crime Rates, and Firecracker-Related Injuries/Death in the Philippines
Authors: Montano Vicente E. , Bisares Claudio
Published: February 2024

The New Year celebration in the Philippines observes a surge in firecracker-related injuries and deaths, increasing concern beyond cultural significance. The Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) proves the influence of economic growth and crime rates on firecracker-related injuries/deaths. The result of this research draws on the Strain Theory and Routine Activities Theory to reveal the potential influence of economic growth and crime rates on this phenomenon. Through the lens of Strain Theory, economic growth, despite its benefits, drives strain among excluded segments, driving risk-taking behavior, financial pressure, and limited access to safer alternatives, resulting in the use of dangerous fireworks. Routine Activities Theory maintains how high crime rates increase the availability of illegal fireworks and facilitate criminal misuse while also creating environments where riskier behaviors proliferate due to lax enforcement and limited safe options. The research concludes by focusing on the need for policy and interventions addressing economic disparities and crime prevention measures to promote safe and inclusive celebrations. Further research is recommended to probe deeper into regional variations, employ mixed methods approaches, and enhance data collection for targeted interventions and effective policy frameworks.
Targeted Dementia Screening Performance, Its Barriers and Associated Factors Among Primary Care Doctors at Public Primary Healthcare Clinics in Malaysia
Authors: Suluraju Chitra , Sazlina Shariff-Ghazali
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Targeted dementia screening is recommended for early recognition of dementia. However, many persons with dementia were not identified and managed in timely manner. This study aimed to determine the proportion of performing targeted dementia screening, its barriers and associated factors among primary care doctors in public primary healthcare clinics. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at 4 public healthcare clinics, Putrajaya from December 2018 – February 2019. All primary care doctors who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were recruited. We collected data using a pre-tested self-administrated questionnaire comprised socio-demographic, medical information, healthcare experience and training, knowledge on dementia, awareness of dementia screening tool availability and barriers to dementia screening. The outcome was the performance of targeted dementia screening. Descriptive, Chi-square and independent t-test analyses were performed. Results: A total of 106 primary care doctors participated in this study. The proportion of primary care doctors who performed targeted dementia screening was 11.3%. Most participants were family medicine trainee (42.9%), with duration of service between 5 and 10 years (15.0%), had professional caring experience of dementia patients (21.4%), and had undergone dementia training (36.2%). Many of the participants perceived barriers to perform targeted dementia screening that included lack of time (72.6%) and lack of knowledge (59. 4%). Conclusion: The prevalence of performing targeted dementia screening was low with modifiable barriers. Strategies to improve the performance of targeted screening such as creating awareness among primary care doctors could be done for a start.
Prevalence of Obesity and Its Associated Psychological Factors and Mindful Eating Among Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study in UPM
Authors: Thew Hui Zhu , Mohamad Fadzilah , Mohd Shahrim Afifah Husna , Abdul Rahim Muhammad Hafiy Akmal , Aravandy Puravin Raj , Chew Chen Loong Alyx , Amelia Yap Qiao Rou , Fong Yan Bin
Published: February 2024

Introduction: There is a tremendous prevalence of obesity worldwide, among both adults and children. Obesity may be caused by various factors, including genetic factors, psychosocial stresses, and environmental factors. Some local studies showed that the prevalence of obesity is high among undergraduate medical students, which might impact the quality of life of the medical students. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity among UPM medical students and its associated factors, including sociodemographic factors, levels of mindful eating, and psychological factors. Method: A cross sectional study was performed on 483 medical students between 20 and 26 years old who were selected via universal sampling method. Through a google form, medical students were sent a self-administered online questionnaire that included sections on sociodemography, psychological distress, MEQ scores, and self-reported weight and height. Results: The majority of the respondents were female undergraduate medical students (66.9%). Out of 483 respondents, 166 were obese (34.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that gender (p <0.001, β: 1.018), age (p:0.014, β:0.156), ethnicity (Chinese: p<0.001, β-1.020) and total MEQ scores (p <0.001, β:1.669) were statisticly significant associated with obesity. Conclusion: In summary, this study explores obesity prevalence and its associated factors among UPM medical students, including sociodemographics, mindful eating, and psychological aspects. The factors of this study which were significant associated with obesity were gender, age, ethnicity and total MEQ scores. By recognizing the myriad variables intertwined with obesity development, we can now design more targeted interventions for obesity prevention. This broader perspective compels a shift from one-size-fits-all approaches to tailored solutions that address the unique needs and susceptibilities of individuals.
High Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Hypertensive Patients at a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Subha Sethu Thakachy , Lee Heng Fah , Azhar Fatin Liyana , Zulkeflee Fatin Ahya
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway, which causes desaturations and arousal. Various studies have shown that OSA is a major modifiable risk factor for hypertension. Untreated OSA is increasingly associated with cardiovascular and neurocognitive sequela. Thus, our study aims to determine the high-risk of obstructive sleep apnea among hypertensive patients at a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among hypertensive patients at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. A validated Malay version of the Berlin Questionnaire was utilized along with other questions on sociodemographic characteristics and diabetes mellitus. Results: A total of 161 respondents were involved in the study. The mean age was 48.35 years and among these 75% were males and 25 % were females. The majority of respondents were of Malay ethnicity (78%), followed by Chinese (11%) and Indians (10%). Of these,18 % comprised of obese patients and 29.8% had diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of high-risk OSA among hypertensive patients was 18.0% (95% CI). High risk of OSA was found to be prevalent in the elderly age group (p<0.001), female gender (p<0.001), Indian ethnicity (p<0.001) and among diabetes mellitus patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study results illustrate the high risk of OSA among hypertensive patients with advancing age and diabetes mellitus. This study finding mandates these high-risk hypertensive patients should be screened for early diagnosis and timely treatment of OSA to prevent further cardiovascular risk, morbidity and mortality.
The Role of Job Satisfaction on Psychosocial and Mental Health in Oil & Gas Employees: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohd Rani Nur Dalilah , Kamarunzaman Nur Zafifa
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The job criteria for the Oil and Gas (O&G) industry greatly value operational precision, production targets, and cost efficiency. In the meantime, employment fulfilment predicts happiness and job performance at work. Workers’ mental health has recently been one of the most contentious problems, and the oil and gas industry is no exception. Methods: Through a comprehensive examination of major academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Dimensions.ai, this paper proposes to investigate the mediation influence of employment fulfilment across psychosocial aspects and mental health among O&G employers. The current study combined different research designs, and the assessment was conducted in accordance with the ROSES (Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses) publication requirement. ROSES provides four essential phases in article selection: identification, screening, eligibility, and quality assessment. Results: According to the findings, 11 articles met the ROSES criteria. Thematic analysis was performed to identify emerging themes related to the study issue of this work. Based on the investigation, there were two prominent themes: 1) motivation and 2) performance. Conclusion: This study is unique due to the fact it helped to bridge the gap and improve knowledge regarding the function of job satisfaction in the oil and gas industry. Future research should investigate the impact of additional factors influencing employees’ mental health in Malaysia.
Empowerment and Preoperative Anxiety among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mat Nawi Mohd Azrulhisham , A. Mulud Zamzaliza , Mohamad Norfidah
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Patients undergoing surgery are often concerned about the outcomes, including losing control over their bodies, losing their capacity to work, experiencing pain, and fearing death, which leads to anxiety. Thus, this study aimed to determine the level of patient empowerment, the level of preoperative anxiety and its association with sociodemographic data, and the predictors for preoperative anxiety. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among cardiac surgery patients at two teaching hospitals (n=168). Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires; the Patient Perception of Empowerment Scale (PPES) and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety Information Scale (APAIS). Results: Most of the participants showed well empowered (75%), a low level of anxiety (56.5%), and a medium degree of need for information (49.4%). Inferential statistics revealed that sleep disturbances (p < 0.01) and gender (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with preoperative anxiety in terms of anxiety score. Meanwhile, besides gender and sleep disturbances, smoking status (p = 0.03) significantly correlated with the desired information score. Sleep disturbances (p < 0.01) and age (p = 0.03) was a significant predictor of preoperative anxiety. Conclusion: In conclusion, patients should be assessed for the level of preoperative anxiety and level of empowerment as early as they are in the clinic for follow-up before they are planned for cardiac surgery.
Antimicrobial Activity Screening of Bacteria Isolated from Tasik Cermin
Authors: Azman Ahmad Iman Ammer , R. Rasol , M. J. Norashirene
Published: February 2024

Introduction: With the emergence of the multi-drug resistant bacteria that threaten the human health, novel antimicrobial compounds from natural environment have been increasingly explored. Tasik Cermin is a lake completely covered by karst towers and hills and lacks any inflow or outflow of water making it an oligotrophic environment with limited nutrient availability. Increased competition among microorganisms leads to production of antimicrobial compounds that can inhibit the growth of its competitor. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess antimicrobial activity of bacterial isolates from Tasik Cermin and identify the most resistant isolate. Methods: The isolates were tested against five test bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris by primary screening through perpendicular streak method, secondary screening followed by MIC and MBC and the most resistant bacteria was identified by molecular identification. Results: The result indicates that only one isolate (Isolate TC1A) was able to show potential antimicrobial activity against P. vulgaris and S. pneumoniae. This isolate was further tested by secondary screening through agar well diffusion method and inhibition zone were observed on P. vulgaris (14.97 ± 0.05), E. coli (9.23 ± 0.25) and S. pneumoniae (14.93 ± 0.12). Statistical analysis by One-Way ANOVA and Tukey test method indicates that inhibition zone of E. coli is significantly different as compared to S. pneumoniae and P. vulgaris. Molecular identification revealed that the isolate TC1A was identified as Achromobacter sp. with 97.68% similarity percentage. Conclusion: This finding shows that bacterial isolates from under-explored areas have the potential of producing novel antimicrobial compounds.
tríade linguagem, cognição e emoção como elementos potencializadores da aprendizagem
Authors: Saldanha de Siqueira Kleber , Marinho de Sousa Maria Eduarda
Published: February 2024

Compreender os fenômenos subjetivos do processo de ensino e aprendizagem configura importante elemento de discussão da pesquisa pedagógica na atualidade. Dentre estes fenômenos, a linguagem, os processos cognitivos e a emoção representam importantes fatores didáticos para o planejamento e condução de atividades de ensino. Sendo assim, este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre os processos linguísticos, associados à manifestação cognitiva e emocional do sujeito aprendente. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico narrativo reunindo trabalhos publicados nas últimas duas décadas permitindo dimensionar os impactos destes elementos na aprendizagem, ao mesmo tempo a evolução conceitual destes através da reflexão de resultados e tendências atuais na pesquisa em educação. Foram consultados os principais repositórios de trabalhos acadêmicos de acesso livre no Brasil (Portal CAPES, Scielo e Oasisbr) como também periódicos especializados, por meio de descritores de busca específicos, permitindo adensar as discussões e reflexões propostas nesta pesquisa. Dessa forma, considerando as questões teóricas, as proposições e o embasamento bibliográfico, verificamos que o domínio linguístico, em suas diversas possibilidades por parte do professor, ao mesmo tempo a compreensão e estímulo estratégico dos fenômenos cognitivos, aliados às manifestações da emoção dos discentes, permitem maior eficiência na prática docente, reverberando o ensino na sua forma humanizada e centrada no estudante.
A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Jatamansi churna and nirgundi taila padabhyanga in Nidranasha
Authors: Pradhan Manasi , Sahoo Manoj Kumar , Nayak Simadri Bhusan
Published: February 2024

Background: According to Ayurveda, there are three pillars of life such as Ahara, Nidra, and Brahmacharya and  among them, Ayurveda gives more importance to Nidra (sleep). Sleep is an essential phenomenon for the maintenance  and restoration of both body and mind, and thus, Nidra is a precious gift by nature, which is directly connected with  the mental state. Keeping in view the importance of sleep, the present work aimed at comparing the efficacy of  Jatamansi churna versus Nirgundi taila padabhyanga with respect to Nidranasha. Materials and Methods: 40 numbers of patients were taken for the study and all patients were divided into two equal  groups, i.e., Group A and Group B. Group A consisted of 20 patients were treated with Jatamansi Churna internally  for 15 days. Group B consisted of 20 patients were treated with Jatamansi Churna internally and Nirgundi taila  Padabhyanga for 15 days. A comparison was done between Group A and Group B and the assessment was made  before and after treatment. Results: The better result was obtained in Group B in reducing the subjective and objective parameters of Nidranasha than Group A. Conclusion: It can be said that, internal application of it can be said that, internal application of Jatamansi Churna along with Nirgundi Tila Padabhyanga could be the effective tools for the management of Nidranasha along with  Nirgundi Tila Padabhyanga could be the effective tools for management of Nidranasha.
Development of Healthier meat balls using Walnut Kernels and Fat modifications
Authors: Chisti Hafsa Imtiyaz , Ahmad Sheikh Rafeh , Sofi Asif Hassan , Haq Tarteela , Nazir Tahir
Published: February 2024

The current study was aimed at optimizing the amount of fat and walnut kernel content for the production of functional meat balls (locally called as Rista). In the first experiment, different combinations of lean meat, animal fat and vegetable fat (T1 = 90% lean meat: 10% animal fat; T2 = 90% lean meat: 5% animal fat: 5% vegetable fat; T3 = 90% lean meat: 10% vegetable fat) were compared to control (T0 = 80% lean meat: 20% animal fat). Based on physico-chemical, proximate, antioxidant activity parameters and sensory scores, T1 (90% lean meat: 10% animal fat) was found optimum for the formulation of functional meat balls. In the second experiment, walnut kernel paste (WKP) was incorporated at three levels (3, 6 and 9%) replacing lean meat in the formulation of gravy based product. 6% WKP was found optimum for the development of functional meat balls. It was concluded that the formulation containing 84% lean meat, 10% animal fat and 6% walnut kernel paste was suitable for the preparation of functional meat balls.
The Influence of Social Support on Job Burnout of Transitional Workers in International Development Cooperation: Focusing on Moderating Effects of Subfactors of Self-Determination
Authors:   The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association, Oh Jieun , Beon Giyeong , Yoo SeongHoon
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence on job burnout of KOICA Program Coordinators, one
of transitional jobs generated by South Korea's Official Development Assistance(ODA) program. Transitional
jobs, one of the direct job creation projects, are expected to have stepping-stone effects, facilitating the
transition to better jobs with more work experience and capacity. However, there have been less interest and
analysis on work condition and positive organizational behavior of transitional workers, especially in the field of
international development cooperation, in spite of their contribution toward aid effectiveness and their potential
as key human resources in the future. In this respect, this study analyzed the influence of perceived support
from Coordinators' supervisor and organization on their job burnout, and how subfactors of
self-determination--autonomy, competence, and relatedness-- moderate these effects. Specifically, the analysis
used 86 valid responses from a survey conducted on Coordinators who worked for more than one year
between 2011 and 2020, and a OLS Regression was performed. The findings indicate that percieved support
from superiors has a direct and significant effect on alleviating job burnout, and all self-determination
subfactors also have positive moderating effects that amplified this alleviation. These insights deepen the
understanding of the work environment and burnout among workers in transitional positions, underscoring the
significance of perceived supervisor support and self-determination factors in managing their job burnout. This
study extends the research domain of organizational behavior toward transitional jobs in international
development cooperation and offers implications for the necessary to establish organizational management
strategy promoting their positive work experiences.
Comparison of ESG Management Status in Korea and Japan Using Text Mining: Utilizing Sustainability Reports of Korean and Japanese Companies
Authors:   The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association, choi Min chang , Nam jung min
Published: February 2024

This study used text mining techniques to collect keyword data from the sustainability reports of companies listed on the Korean and Japanese securities markets, ranked 1 to 3 by market capitalization, and conducted word cloud analysis, frequency analysis, ego network, and N-gram analysis. The purpose of this study is to benchmark the ESG management of companies in Japan, which has secured a high amount of ESG investment compared to Korea, by comparing issues with Japan, which has been mentioned as a leading country in ESG management based on the amount of investment and historical aspects of ESG management in various studies. In addition, the ESG management direction of Japan is used to predict the future ESG management direction of Korea and suggest directions for Korean companies.
In the analysis of the frequency of keywords that can identify ESG issues in Japan and Korea, Korea and Japan are similar, and among the keywords with high frequency and importance, we analyzed the keywords with high co-occurrence frequency such as management, employee, and environmental, and found that the management keyword is similar, and from the employee keyword, childcare and diversity keywords appear as co-occurrence keywords in the Japanese analysis. In Korea, the keyword supplier was found in the environment and employee management keywords. In addition, the N-gram analysis, which can check the frequency of linked keywords, showed that the frequency of governance-related keywords was higher in Japan than in Korea.
This study has academic and practical significance in that it compares the direction of ESG management in Korea through direct comparison with large companies in developed countries through literature studies and keyword analysis, and suggests directions and complementary points for Korean companies.
The relationship culture of the MZ generation and the organizatiional commitment structure of the hierarchical culture: Focusing on Mediated Effects of organizational trust
Authors:   The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association, Kim Jaehyun
Published: February 2024

This study aims to verify the effect of the relationship culture and hierarchical culture of the MZ generation on organizational commitment through organizational trust. The data and questionnaire data were verified as 6,279 people in the MZ generation out of a total of 9,516 workers working in 500 companies using the Human Capital Enterprise Panel (HCCP) of the Korea Vocational Competency Development Institute in 2022. Descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis and correlation analysis, and SPSS 23 was used for confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and mediating effects were verified through AMOS 23. The results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that relational culture had a positive (+) effect on an individual's organizational commitment. Second, it was found that hierarchical culture had a negative (-) effect on individual organizational commitment. Third, it was found that organizational trust partially mediated the relationship between relationship culture and organizational commitment, and finally, organizational trust completely mediated the relationship between hierarchical culture and organizational commitment. Through this study, companies should develop an advanced relational culture to other workers by generation within the organization, such as the MZ generation, and support and policies to supplement the hierarchical culture within the organization, which is neglected because it is reasonable for large-scale organizations, are specially required. In addition, it is necessary to implement programs that can continuously improve relationship culture to the MZ generation and increase trust in the organization rather than trust in bosses and colleagues so that they can immerse themselves in the organization. However, this study studied the relationship only with four variables: relationship culture, hierarchical culture, organizational trust, and organizational commitment, and for more sophisticated analysis, research is needed by dividing the organizational level. Finally, since this study has limitations in presenting a conceptual framework at the theoretical level and quantitative research, future research should present a framework for research and supplement qualitative research.
Support inclusive teaching and learning with CALL technologies in the beginning-level Chinese language classroom
Authors: Xu Lisha
Published: February 2024

The importance of creating inclusive language learning environments in foreign language classrooms has gained recognition, driven by the diverse learning styles and the needs of learners (Jones, 2013). However, providing effective support to all learners remains a substantial challenge due to the inherent diversity among learners and the prevalence of various learning difficulties.In the context of Chinese as a Second/Foreign Language (CSL/CFL), research and practice have predominantly emphasized instructional methods targeting content-related challenges, often overlooking the development of inclusive language learning environments tailored to the diverse needs of learners (Tao et al., 2021). This study, therefore, investigates the pedagogical approaches and digital technology implementations within a specific course to assess their effectiveness in promoting inclusivity in the classroom. The study also assesses the alignment of these strategies with the unique characteristics and requirements of CSL/CFL teaching and learning.To gather insights, the researcher conducted a comprehensive analysis of course evaluations and administered a post-course survey to gauge student perceptions. The findings indicate that the implemented strategies effectively promoted inclusiveness and facilitated Mandarin learning in the first-year Chinese classroom.
Effective conversational practice in an Icelandic LMOOC
Authors: Friðriksdóttir Kolbrún
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a course design that aims to effectively integrate conversational practice into an Icelandic Language Massive Open Online Course (LMOOC). Additionally, it introduces an ongoing survey study investigating the perceptions and engagement of learners (n = 60) in live oral communication sessions that are offered within the program’s specific distance learning mode. The study aimed to: a) ascertain whether students are motivated to participate in the optional group sessions; b) identify the main factors that motivate them to participate in these sessions; c) determine whether the live sessions fulfill their expectations; and d) identify why some students choose not to attend the live sessions offered. Results indicate that most of the participants in the study took advantage of the opportunity and attended some or all of the conversation classes offered. The results also show that attendees were primarily motivated by the opportunity to practice communication and pronunciation in the target language. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that most of the participants in both courses highly valued the live sessions, finding them to either meet or surpass their expectations. Regarding non-attendees, data suggests that scheduling constraints and anxiety about speaking and meeting others posed challenges for some individuals.
Virtual reality: “Awesome”, “OK”, or “Not so good” for language learning?
Authors: Thrasher Tricia Kelly , Kaplan-Rakowski Regina , Chun Dorothy , Sadler Randall
Published: February 2024

High-immersion Virtual Reality (VR) has rapidly gained popularity as an innovative tool that provides users with immersive and engaging learning experiences. Meanwhile, large-scale studies that provide empirical evidence regarding its effectiveness are scarce. This pilot study is part of a Meta and Immerse co-funded large-scale project investigating cognitive and affective aspects of language learning in VR. This short paper reports on one aspect of this pilot: language learners' (n=123) impressions of French as a foreign language (L2) classes conducted in Immerse, a VR language learning platform. Despite its acclaimed potential, VR may not be immediately perceived as an “awesome” tool for language learning. Our findings indicate that most learners viewed VR as "OK" or “awesome” for learning. However, only a few participants expressed VR to be “not so good.” Stemming from positive and negative feedback from the learners, we identify which aspects of VR are most appealing, and which should be carefully considered. Based on lessons learned, we share recommendations of how to avoid typical mistakes when implementing VR in a classroom.
An interdisciplinary telecollaboration in ESP classroom: a study involving Business and Law students
Authors: Udeshini Piyumi , Kalyaniwala Carmenne
Published: February 2024

Despite the rapid development of telecollaboration in the language classroom, interdisciplinary telecollaborative exchanges in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classrooms have not received much attention. This paper examines students’ perspectives on an interdisciplinary telecollaboration project conducted in the ESP setting. This three-month project involved 23 Law students from France and 24 Business students from Sri Lanka (SL). Their English proficiency ranged from B2 to C1 on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages scale. They were divided into eight groups. One group consisted of three Business students and three Law students, except the last group, which had only two Law students and three Business students. In each group, Business students had to suggest a business plan to be positioned in Europe, while Law students had to offer legal advice to establish the business in France. They were required to hold at least three Zoom meetings and were allowed to communicate through any other media. Data collected through semi-structured interviews were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that interdisciplinary telecollaboration not only enhances language skills but also soft skills like organisation and time management skills. The paper also discusses the challenges encountered by students and their recommendations.
Effects of online task-based peer interaction on learners’ speech development and attitudes toward English as a lingua franca
Authors: Iino Atsushi , Wistner Brian
Published: February 2024

This paper reports the outcomes of incorporating two kinds of videoconferencing into a university English as a Foreign Language (EFL) special seminar course in Japan for two semesters. One type of videoconferencing was a weekly interview with a non-native English speaker/instructor living outside Japan using a commercial online conversation program; the other was a weekly online peer meeting on Zoom where groups of three learners practiced speaking English using role play tasks. The effects of the two types of videoconferencing were examined through pre- and post-speaking tests and a questionnaire on the participants’ attitudes toward English as an International Language (EIL; Nakamura, Lee, & Lee, 2018). Additionally, a qualitative analysis of peer-group interaction was conducted to reveal what happened in the peer-group role play task. The results indicated that speaking skills improved over time, and tolerant attitudes toward variations of English were observed. Abundant opportunities for automatizing EFL use and negotiation for meaning were observed in the peer-group role play.
FOCUS - For a functional, digital, and critical literacy
Authors: Johansson Beatrice , Franker Qarin
Published: February 2024

This article describes the development of a new educational application, FOCUS, for women who are learning to read and write for the first time in their lives. Their driving force is often to manage their current everyday life better but also to change their future living conditions. Initially the Dispurse Literacy Program and the applications´s prerequisites and previous development are described. Examples of how the content and design has been changed with respect to both technical and pedagogical requirements are also given. The theoretical framework, the Resource Model, is then presented followed by a section where four pedagogical questions guiding the development of the app are examined. Finally, a short section follows where challenges and future possibilities for digitally based literacy education are highlighted.
Didactization of L2 French variation in a complex context
Authors: Barysevich Alena
Published: February 2024

Even though variation is an inherent element of language and its different aspects have been the subject of numerous studies, its didactization in Second Language classrooms remains, in general, marginal. The context of teaching variation in a French as a Second Language (FSL) classroom in Ontario (Canada) is even more complex. What kind of French to teach: European or Canadian? What is the place of local varieties of Canadian French? This paper investigates the sociolinguistic variation in the speech of first-year FSL students in a Canadian university who have learned their second language primarily in an educational context. A range of social factors that influence sociolinguistic competence are explored. Pedagogical implications of observed results are discussed. Designing didactic materials that value work on varieties of spoken French is emphasized. The role of CEFR-oriented professional development in FSL teaching is highlighted.
Widening the lens on technology-mediated Irish language learning policy and practice to enable Irish language, technology, and education policy alignment, integration, and enactment at school level
Authors: O'Toole Jane Mary
Published: February 2024

Learner engagement with the Irish language in English-medium education (EME) in Ireland has been an area of concern in recent years (Inspectorate, 2022; Devitt et al., 2018). The lack of opportunity for learners to experience Irish as a living language outside of school exacerbates the situation. Technology-mediated language learning can provide learners with much-needed opportunities to consolidate Irish language learning as well as engage with the language across a range of authentic contexts and develop language learner networks. As the International Decade of Indigenous Languages 2022-2032 unfolds, this paper explores both Irish language education and digital education policy (Department of Education, 2022) at primary level within the broader context of national Irish language policy. Engagement with the Irish language at primary EME level is firstly explored in parallel with current digital learning policy at school level. Irish language (Government of Ireland, 2010; 2018) and Irish language digital policy (Ní Chasaide et al., 2022) at national level are then examined with reference to Irish language education. The exploration of Irish language policy domains seeks to address the question: how can the development of technology-mediated language learning be optimised in the context of Irish language teaching, learning, and engagement in the EME primary sector? Recommendations to support (technology-mediated) Irish language learning at EME primary level are suggested with reference to potential policy alignment and enactment.
Enhancing pronunciation instruction for non-francophone immigrants in Quebec: a technology-assisted proposal
Authors: Cardoso Walcir , Bibeau Geneviève
Published: February 2024

This paper has two objectives. In Part 1, we report the findings of a mixed-method study that examines the pronunciation needs of non-francophone immigrants in Quebec after they complete the Program for the Linguistic Integration of Immigrants (known as “francization”), a language learning initiative to equip non-French-speaking immigrants with essential French skills. The findings indicate a noticeable disparity between the instruction provided to learners in the program and their practical requirements in real-life situations, and a strong need by the participants to improve their pronunciation autonomously post francization. Part 2 of the study addresses the pedagogical implications of these findings, in which we address our participants’ needs with a set of technology-enhanced pedagogical recommendations for blended and autonomous learning.
Assessing Google Translate ASR for feedback on L2 pronunciation errors in unpredictable sentence contexts
Authors: John Paul , Johnson Carol , Cardoso Walcir
Published: February 2024

Following previous research into predictable sentence contexts, this study assesses the pronunciation feedback provided by Google Translate’s (GT) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in unpredictable contexts. We examined the accuracy of GT transcriptions for target items recorded by male and female Quebec Francophones (QFs). The items occurred in neutral carrier sentences such that no contextual cues help ASR identify the targets. Th-initial vs t-initial (thank-tank) and h-initial vs vowel-initial (heat-eat) items were used to investigate the potential for feedback on the QF errors of th-substitution, h-deletion, and h-epenthesis, comparing real-word (thank→tank) vs nonword output (thief→tief). As with predictable contexts in our previous research, we observed high transcription accuracy for real words only. Without contextual cues, accuracy rates were lower than in predictable contexts for correctly pronounced items but higher than for incorrect pronunciations constituting real words. Unpredictable contexts are thus inferior at confirming correct pronunciation (confirmative feedback) but superior at flagging real-word errors (corrective feedback). Contrary to the anticipated ASR gender bias, female recordings showed higher transcription accuracy than male recordings. Our findings both confirm the usefulness of GT’s ASR for generating pronunciation feedback and highlight the importance of context (predictable vs unpredictable) and lexical status (real vs nonword).
Japanese readability assessment using machine learning
Authors: Reynolds Robert , Ivie Tyler
Published: February 2024

We present a new corpus of Japanese texts, labeled according to six second-language readability levels. We also show the results of experiments training machine-learning classifiers to automatically label new texts according to reading level. The resulting models can be used in language-learning websites and applications to enhance Japanese language learning. The best-performing model, Random Forest, achieved an F1 score of 0.86, with an adjacent accuracy of 0.97. Of the 114 features used, we identify a small subset of five features that are sufficient to achieve an F1 score of 0.74. The corpus, code, and resulting models are free and open-source.¹ ¹ https://github.com/reynoldsnlp/japanese_readability_corpus