bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 30th anniversary of the UK Association for Computational Mechanics
Authors: Sevilla Ruben
Published: March 2023

This article commemorates the third decade of the UK Association for Computational Mechanics, formerly known as the Association of Computational Mechanics in Engineering. An historical overview is provided, from the establishment of the Association in March 1992 up to the end of 2022. The article includes brief biographies of the main researchers involved in the establishment of the Association. Over this 30-year period, the Annual Conference has been a significant event and details are given of the Conference organisers, the venues and the plenary speakers.
Role of FcγRIII in the nasal cavity of BALB/c mice in the primary amebic meningoencephalitis protection model
Authors: Rojas-Ortega Diego Alexander , Rojas-Hernández Saúl , Sánchez-Mendoza María Elena , Gómez-López Modesto , Sánchez-Camacho Jennifer Viridiana , Rosales-Cruz Erika , Yépez María Maricela Carrasco
Published: March 2023

Different mechanisms of the host immune response against the primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in the mouse protection model have been described. It has been proposed that antibodies opsonize Naegleria fowleri trophozoites; subsequently, the polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) surround the trophozoites to avoid the infection. FcγRs activate signaling pathways of adapter proteins such as Syk and Hck on PMNs to promote different effector cell functions which are induced by the Fc portion of the antibody-antigen complexes. In this work, we analyzed the activation of PMNs, epithelial cells, and nasal passage cells via the expression of Syk and Hck genes. Our results showed an increment of the FcγRIII and IgG subclasses in the nasal cavity from immunized mice as well as Syk and Hck expression was increased, whereas in the in vitro assay, we observed that when the trophozoites of N. fowleri were opsonized with IgG anti-N. fowleri and interacted with PMN, the expression of Syk and Hck was also increased. We suggest that PMNs are activated via their FcγRIII, which leads to the elimination of the trophozoites in vitro, while in the nasal cavity, the adhesion and consequently infection are avoided.
Robotic diaphragm plication: functional and surgical outcomes of a single-center experience
Authors: Le Uyen-Thao , Titze Laurin , Hundeshagen Petar , Passlick Bernward , Schmid Severin
Published: March 2023

Background

Diaphragm plication remains the only effective treatment for diaphragm paralysis. Robot-assisted thoracoscopic (RATS) diaphragm plication combines advantages of open and thoracoscopic techniques. We present our experiences focussing on lung-function improvement and surgical outcome.

Methods

In this single-center retrospective study with comparative analysis, perioperative data of all patients who underwent RATS or thoracoscopic (VATS) diaphragm plication between 2015 and 2022 at our institution were assessed. Functional outcome was analysed with pre- and postoperative pulmonary function tests in sitting and supine position.

Results

We included 43 diaphragm plications, of which 31 were performed via RATS. Morbidity in the RATS- and VATS-cohort were 13 and 8%, respectively (p = 0.64), without any major complication (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III, 0%). Surgical time for RATS diaphragm plication was reduced drastically with a median operating time for the first 16 patients of 136 min (range 84–185) and 84 min (range 56–122) for the most recent 15 patients (p < 0.0001). Pulmonary function testing after RATS-plication showed a mean increase in vital capacity (VC) of 9% (SD 8, p < 0.0001) and of 7% (SD 9, p = 0.0009) in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) when sitting and 9% (SD 8, p < 0.0001) for VC as well as 10% (SD 8, p = 0.0001) for FEV1 when in supine position.

Conclusion

RATS diaphragm plication is a very safe and feasible approach, yielding good results in improving patients’ pulmonary function. Further studies are required to elucidate possible advantages over VATS or open approaches.

Graphical abstract
RETRACTED ARTICLE: High-gain reconfigurable
polarization antenna based on metamaterial array for Terahertz applications
Authors: Mabrouk A. M. , Seliem Asmaa. G. , Donkol A. A.
Published: March 2023

This paper suggestsproposes a high-gain reconfigurable polarization antenna
using a metasurface polarizaer. The metasurface polarizer is a rectangular array that
consists of similar 25 unit-cell elements. Each metamaterial (MM) unit-cell element
consists of a circular copper patch attached to two copper arrow-shaped strips installed
at its circumference. The circular patch and two arrows are installed between a
rectangular superstrate at the top and a rectangular substrate at the bottom, which is
backed with a perfect electric conductor with a relative permittivity of
εsub = 3.38. The MM
characteristics are obtained in a wide range of frequencies from 1.4 to 2.1 THz. The
metasurface polarizer array is installed at an optimized height of 25 μm under a linear
polarized dipole antenna that operates at 1.81 THz with a bandwidth (BW) of 0.2 THz from
1.75 to 1.95 THz (11.05%, − 10 dB BW) and gain of 2.27 dBi. The incident-plane wave from
the antenna can be converted into a reconfigurable left- or right-hand circular
polarization according to the directions of the arrow of the MM unit-cell element.
Moreover, the operating − 10-dB BW of the dipole antenna increases to 30.93%, and the
gain is enhanced to 6.18 dBi at the same operating frequency. A reconfigurable
polarization conversion for the dipole antenna can be obtained over wide 3-dB axial
ratio BW from 1.45 to 1.95 THz (33.3% BW).
SLC45A3 Serves as a Potential Therapeutic Biomarker to Attenuate White Matter Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zeng Hanhai , Lou Feiyang , Tan Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xiaotong , Chen Gao
Published: March 2023

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe cerebrovascular disease, which impairs patients’ white matter even after timely clinical interventions. Indicated by studies in the past decade, ICH-induced white matter injury (WMI) is closely related to neurological deficits; however, its underlying mechanism and pertinent treatment are yet insufficient. We gathered two datasets (GSE24265 and GSE125512), and by taking an intersection among interesting genes identified by weighted gene co-expression networks analysis, we determined target genes after differentially expressing genes in two datasets. Additional single-cell RNA-seq analysis (GSE167593) helped locate the gene in cell types. Furthermore, we established ICH mice models induced by autologous blood or collagenase. Basic medical experiments and diffusion tensor imaging were applied to verify the function of target genes in WMI after ICH. Through intersection and enrichment analysis, gene SLC45A3 was identified as the target one, which plays a key role in the regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation involving in fatty acid metabolic process, etc. after ICH, and single-cell RNA-seq analysis also shows that it mainly locates in oligodendrocytes. Further experiments verified overexpression of SLC45A3 ameliorated brain injury after ICH. Therefore, SLC45A3 might serve as a candidate therapeutic biomarker for ICH-induced WMI, and overexpression of it may be a potential approach for injury attenuation.

Graphical Abstract
Analysis of sleep deprivation-associated Homer1 gene and protein acting on synaptic plasticity by bioinformatics and animal experiments
Authors: Li Yun , Zhao Lina , Zhou Qi , Zhang Xizhe , Song Jiannan , Wang Xinyi , Yang Chenyi , Wang Haiyun
Published: March 2023

Background

Homer1, an immediate early gene, is related to sleep deprivation (SD), and its protein products are involved in synaptic plasticity affecting the cognitive process. This study aimed to identify the SD-associated key Homer1 gene in the brain and explore the value of Homer1 proteins acting on synaptic plasticity in SD.

Methods

GSE9441 was extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SD and Control samples were achieved by R software and were analyzed by the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Protein–protein interactions (PPI) network was built by the GeneMANIA databases. In animal experiments, male C57BL/6 J mice (aged 12–13 weeks) were sleep deprived for 6 h, followed by independent behavioral tests and in vitro assays. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate learning and memory function. The expression of hippocampal Homer1 proteins was detected by Western blot analysis and its distribution in CA1 by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Synaptic plasticity was assessed by Golgi staining and long-term potentiation (LTP) testing in the hippocampal CA1 region.

Results

Homer1 was the hub gene most associated with SD, and its protein products specifically acted on the regulation of synaptic plasticity in bioinformatics. SD mice exhibited spatial memory impairment accompanied by increased Homer1a expression in hippocampal tissue and CA1 region. SD did not induce Homer1b/c overexpression of mice in the hippocampus. SD impaired the hippocampal synaptic plasticity of mice by reducing the density of dendritic spines and inhibiting LTP in the hippocampal CA1 region, which may involve the overexpression of Homer1a in the hippocampus.

Conclusion

Homer1 gene is a core brain molecule associated with acute SD, and its protein product Homer1a is involved in the changes in cognitive brain function following short-term SD, especially the impact on hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
Science-Engaged Theology
Authors: Perry John , Leidenhag Joanna
Published: March 2023

This Element presents science-engaged theology as a reminder to theologians to use the local tools and products of the sciences as sources for theological reflection. Using critiques of modernity and secularism, the Element questions the idea that Science and Religion were ever transhistorical categories. The Element also encourages theologians to collaborate with colleagues in other disciplines in a highly localised manner that enables theologians to make concrete claims with accountability and show how theological realities are entangled with the empirical world. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Risk allocation through shapley decompositions, with applications to variable annuities
Authors: Godin Frédéric , Hamel Emmanuel , Gaillardetz Patrice , Hon-Man Ng Edwin
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces a flexible risk decomposition method for life insurance contracts embedding several risk factors. Hedging can be naturally embedded in the framework. Although the method is applied to variable annuities in this work, it is also applicable in general to other insurance or financial contracts. The approach relies on applying an allocation principle to components of a Shapley decomposition of the gain and loss. The implementation of the allocation method requires the use of a stochastic on stochastic algorithm involving nested simulations. Numerical examples studying the relative impact of equity, interest rate and mortality risk for guaranteed minimal maturity benefit (GMMB) policies conclude our analysis.
Effective Remedies for Human Rights Violations in EU CSDP Military Missions: Smoke and Mirrors in Human Rights Adjudication?
Authors: De Coninck Joyce
Published: March 2023

This article considers the structural barriers that exist for individuals to hold the EU responsible for violations of human rights abuses in its CSDP missions, despite the theoretical availability of a framework for remedies. This is a result of jurisdictional complications with CFSP/CDSP measures, attribution difficulties, and ambiguity in what constitutes unlawful human rights conduct. While alternative measures exist to compensate individuals for violation of their rights, these do not align with the often-stated right to an effective remedy within the EU. As such, this Article argues that the field requires serious reform in order to ensure that legal relief for individuals against unlawful conduct by the EU is an effective and enforceable right.
A novel method for the quantitative assessment of the fitted containment efficiency of face coverings
Authors: Bennett William D. , Prince Steven E. , Zeman Kirby L. , Chen Hao , Samet James M.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Face masks reduce disease transmission by protecting the wearer from inhaled pathogens and reducing the emission of infectious aerosols. Although methods quantifying efficiency for wearer protection are established, current methods for assessing face mask containment efficiency rely on measurement of a low concentration of aerosols emitted from an infected or noninfected individual.

Methods:

A small port enabled the introduction of 0.05 µm sodium chloride particles at a constant rate behind the mask worn by a study participant. A condensation particle counter monitored ambient particle numbers 60 cm in front of the participant over 3-minute periods of rest, speaking, and coughing. The containment efficiency (%) for each mask and procedure was calculated as follows: 100 × (1 − average ambient concentration with face covering worn/average ambient concentration with a sham face covering in place). The protection efficiency (%) was also measured using previously published methods. The probability of transmission (%) from infected to uninfected (a function of both the containment efficiency and the protection efficiency) was calculated as follows: {1 − (containment efficiency/100)}×{1 − (protection efficiency/100)}×100.

Results:

The average containment efficiencies for each mask over all procedures and repeated measures were 94.6%, 60.9%, 38.8%, and 43.2%, respectively, for the N95 mask, the KN95 mask, the procedure face mask, and the gaiter. The corresponding protection efficiencies for each mask were 99.0%, 63.7%, 45.3%, and 24.2%, respectively. For example, the transmission probability for 1 infected and 1 uninfected individual in close proximity was ∼14.2% for KN95 masks, compared to 36%–39% when only 1 individual wore a KN95 mask.

Conclusion:

Overall, we detected a good correlation between the protection and containment that a face covering afforded to a wearer.
ARRIAN, ANABASIS 1.17.10–12 AND THE HISTORY OF FOURTH-CENTURY EPHESUS
Authors: Nudell Joshua P.
Published: March 2023

Arrian's account of Alexander's brief time at Ephesus (Anab. 1.17.10–12) is shot through with political and factional violence, but he nevertheless concludes that Alexander received acclaim for what he did in the city. But what did Alexander actually do at Ephesus? Arrian offers a list of events that historians have traditionally interpreted as connected to Macedonian intervention in Asia Minor before indicating that Alexander put an end to the violence. This article offers a new reading of this passage by situating these events in the context of fourth-century Ephesus to show how Alexander's actions responded to the local conditions that he encountered.
Path planning of patrol robot based on modified grey wolf optimizer
Authors: Zhang Qian , Ning Xucheng , Li Yingying , Pan Lei , Gao Rui , Zhang Liyang
Published: March 2023

The grey wolf optimizer (GWO) as a new intelligent optimization algorithm has been successfully applied in many fields because of its simple structure, few adjustment parameters and easy implementation. This paper mainly aims at the defects of GWO in path planning application, such as easily falling into local optimization, poor convergence and poor accuracy, and turn point grey wolf optimization (TPGWO) algorithm is proposed. First, the idea of cross-mutation and roulette is used to increase the initial population of GWO and improve the search range. At the same time, the convergence factor function is improved to become a nonlinear update. In the early stage, the search range is expanded, and in the later stage, the convergence speed is increased, while the parameters in the convergence factor function can be adjusted according to the number of obstacles and the map area to change the turning point of the function to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm. The turning times and turning angles of the obtained path are added to the fitness function as penalty values to improve the path accuracy. The optimization test is carried out through 16 test functions, and the test results prove the convergence and robustness of TPGWO algorithm. Finally, the TPGWO algorithm is applied to the path planning of patrol robot for simulation experiments. Compared with the GWO algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization, the simulation results show that the TPGWO algorithm has better convergence, stability and accuracy in the path planning of patrol robot.
The role of youths’ cardiac autonomic balance and parental responses to youth emotion in vulnerability to borderline personality disorder development
Authors: Vanwoerden Salome , Vine Vera , Byrd Amy L. , Jennings J. Richard , Stepp Stephanie D.
Published: March 2023

Developmental models of borderline personality disorder (BPD) emphasize the effects of youths’ biological vulnerabilities and their experiences of parental responses to emotion, as well as the interaction between these two elements. The current study evaluated the independent and interactive effects of two indices of autonomic nervous system response and parental responses to youth negative emotions on severity and exacerbation of youths’ BPD features during the transition to adolescence. The sample consisted of 162 psychiatric youth (10–14 years; 47.2% female) and their parents. At baseline, youth and their parents completed a lab-based conflict discussion during which parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system response were measured and indices of sympathetic-parasympathetic balance and coactivation/coinhibition were calculated. Youth also reported on supportive and non-supportive parental responses. At baseline and after 9 months, youth self-reported on their BPD features. Results demonstrated that shifting toward sympathetic dominance independently predicted exacerbation of BPD across 9 months. Additionally, fewer experiences of supportive parental responses and more non-supportive parental responses were associated with greater severity of BPD features in youth. This study highlights the role of autonomic response to parent-child conflict as well as the significance of parental responses to youth emotion for the development of BPD during this developmental window.
Another emerging threat to birds: avian mortality estimates from roadside transparent noise barrier collisions in South Korea
Authors: Seo Hae-Min , Kim Young-Jun , Lee Eun-Jae , Lee Su-Gil , Lee Woo-Shin , Choi Chang-Yong
Published: March 2023

Birds in flight are prone to collide with various transparent or reflective structures. While bird–window collision has been recognised as a critical conservation issue, collision with other transparent structures has been less understood. Noise barriers made of transparent materials are considered critical hazards for birds; however, little is known about the bird mortality they cause. We conducted the first nationwide-scale estimates of bird-collision mortality caused by transparent noise barriers (TNBs) along roads in the Republic of Korea. The total length of existing roadside transparent noise barriers was estimated at 1,416 km nationwide (as of 2018), and it had been increasing exponentially. Based on carcass surveys at 25 sites, daily mortality at the observed barriers was 0.335 ± 1.132 birds/km on average, and no difference in observed mortality was detected between both sides of a single barrier and between road types (i.e. local roads and motorways). Finally, we estimated that approximately 186,000 birds (95% confidence interval: 162,465–204,812 birds) are killed annually by collisions with roadside TNBs. As privately installed barriers were not considered in this study, the actual mortality is likely be higher than our estimates. Thus, collision with TNBs could become an emerging threat to avian conservation, especially in developing and urbanising regions around the world. As such structures are not formally recognised as conservation issues of importance, more systematic surveys aided by citizen science, both for the status of TNBs and bird-collision mortality, are needed in addition to management and mitigation policies.
A systematic appraisal of the information, engagement, aesthetic and functional quality of nutrition-related smartphone apps for children and adolescents
Authors: Francis Lucine , Spaulding Erin M , Bloom India , Patel Alisha , Perrin Nancy
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Nutrition-related smartphone applications (apps) could improve children’s nutrition knowledge and skills. However, little is known about the quality of nutrition-related apps for children. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the quality of nutrition-related smartphone apps designed for children ages 4–17.

Design:

This systematic appraisal is guided by the Protocol for App Store Systematic Reviews.

Setting:

Using Google’s Advanced Search, we identified 1814 apps/1184 additional apps in an updated search on iOS, of which twenty-four were eligible. The apps’ objective and subjective quality were evaluated using the twenty-three-item, five-point Mobile App Rating Scale. The objective quality scale consists of four subscales: engagement, functionality, aesthetics and information.

Results:

Most of the apps (75 %) focussed solely on promoting nutrition skills, such as making food dishes, rather than nutrition knowledge. Of the twenty-four apps, 83 % targeted children 4–8 years old. The app objective quality mean score was 3·60 ± 0·41. The subscale mean scores were 3·20 ± 0·41 for engagement, 4·24 ± 0·47 for functionality, 4·03 ± 0·51 for aesthetics and 2·94 ± 0·62 for information. The app subjective quality mean score was 2·10 ± 0·90.

Conclusions:

More robust approaches to app development leveraging co-design approaches, including involving a multidisciplinary team of experts to provide evidence-based nutrition information, are warranted.
System-wide nexus analyses: water distribution rules, agricultural productivity and livelihoods in flood-based livelihood systems
Authors: Zenebe Mara , Fleskens Luuk , Newaz Karim , Ritsema Coen
Published: March 2023

Water management and distribution rules in flood-based livelihood systems (FBLS) have a key role in enhancing system-wide productivity and livelihoods. While such potential has to a certain extent been harnessed in DG Khan FBLS in Pakistan, it has not yet been fulfilled in the Tana River and Fogera FBLS in Kenya and Ethiopia, respectively. These three systems are considered among the major sources of water and food security in their respective regions by the local governments and communities. Drawing from 105 individual interviews with Pakistani FBLS farmers, the paper establishes that a package of water management and distribution rules have significantly contributed to (a) mitigating excessive upstream floodwater use, (b) reducing downstream water scarcity and (c) realizing nearly 4 tons ha−1 harvest of the major wheat crop across the upstream and downstream areas. This yield is about 20% higher than the country-wide average, and two-third of the maximum achievable. Furthermore, 86% of the upstream and three in four of the downstream farmers have managed to cover their livelihood needs that included health, school, housing, transportation, energy and food expenses. On the other hand, the analyses based on individual interviews with 94 and 147 FBLS farmers from Kenya and Ethiopia respectively, uncovered the negative consequences of the absence of a comprehensive package of water management and distribution rules. In Kenya, the downstream small-scale farmers that account for two-third of the Tana River FBLS population frequently suffer from floodwater scarcity. They could not cultivate the high return rice crop and their staple maize yield was low at about 1.25 tons ha−1 or 20% of the maximum attainable. Four in five reported poor livelihoods. The upstream large-scale farmers however often diverted excessive floodwater; over 90% usually grow rice as well as maize as a second crop for home consumption. The situation in Fogera is similar. The water distribution rules prioritized the upstream rice cultivation introduced a decade back to boost economic growth. This, as informed by 95% of the interviewed farmers, has caused downstream floodwater scarcity, about 30% maize yield reduction and livelihood deterioration. These findings on the impacts of water distribution rules can contribute to formulating investments that better achieve the productivity and livelihood potentials of FBLS across Africa and globally.
Design of a wideband isolated out-of-phase filtering power divider/combiner with sharp selectivity
Authors: Wang Xuedao , Wang Dawei , Guo Zai-Cheng , Zhang Gang
Published: March 2023

A new isolated out-of-phase filtering power divider/combiner with high selectivity is presented. Based on a single-layer microstrip, required coupling strength and phase difference are achieved by two pairs of three-line coupled feeding structures. To realize desired bandpass responses, a specific resonator is located between the input and output coupled structures. By connecting a half-wavelength transmission line which is centrally loaded with a grounded resistor between two output ports, high port-to-port isolation is attained. Based on the impedance matrix of coupled three-line structure, theoretical filtering responses are predicted with the specified bandwidth and return loss. For demonstration, a prototype is designed, fabricated, and tested. Both simulated and measured results are displayed to verify the design mechanism.
Diagenetic Geochemistry of Iron, Sulfur, and Molybdenum in Sediments of the Middle Okinawa Trough Impacted by Hydrothermal Plumes and/or Cold Seeps
Authors: Qin Shuang‐Shuang , Zhu Mao‐Xu , Sun Zhilei , Li Tie , Zhang Xilin , Geng Wei , Cao Hong , Xu Cuiling , Zhai Bin , Chen Ye
Published: March 2023

Iron (Fe), sulfur (S), and molybdenum (Mo) geochemistry in marine sediments impacted by hydrothermal plumes and/or cold seeps is complex and has not been systematically documented. Here we characterize Fe, S, and Mo diagenesis in sediments between the Minami‐Ensei Knoll hydrothermal field and a cold‐seep site of the middle Okinawa Trough. Results show that distances away from the hydrothermal field and the steep trough slope may significantly affect the transport of hydrothermal Fe. The transformation of hydrothermal reactive Fe to poorly reactive or unreactive Fe‐bearing phyllosilicates decreased the relative fractions of highly reactive Fe (FeHR) in total Fe (FeHR/FeT). Despite this, the standing stocks of Fe oxides in the methane‐free sediments have not been dampened, indicating no net impacts of hydrothermal Fe inputs on the size of Fe oxides. In the methane‐free sediments, low ratios of total reduced inorganic sulfide (TRIS) to total organic carbon (TOC) (TRIS/TOC), highly 34S‐depleted pyrite, and low Mo contents suggest that organoclastic sulfate reduction is at low rates and plays a limited role in carbon cycle. In the cold‐seep sediments, however, intense sulfate reduction coupled to anaerobic methane oxidation significantly elevate TRIS/TOC ratios, Mo enrichment, and isotope compositions of Mo and pyrite‐S. This pathway is expected to be important in carbon cycle in the basin due to the wide occurrence of cold seeps. Our results highlight the important controls of the local extreme depositional/diagenetic conditions on sedimentary S and Mo records, with implications for the reconstruction of paleoredox states of the past earth's surface.
Impact of Inherited Foreland Relief on Retro‐Foreland Basin Architecture
Authors: Gérard Benjamin , Rouby Delphine , Huismans Ritske S. , Robin Cécile , Fillon Charlotte , Braun Jean
Published: March 2023

We use a Landscape Evolution Model including flexural isostasy to investigate the influence of inherited foreland relief on the stratigraphic evolution of the retro‐foreland domain during mountain building. We show models with four different types of initial relief in the foreland domain: at sea level, elevated (+300 m), a 1 km‐deep and 100 km‐wide foreland basin associated with either a forebulge at sea level or elevated at +300 m. During the first 10 Myr of simulation, the landscape evolution of the foreland is significantly altered by its inherited bathymetry/topography. The impact is then smoothed out once the foreland slope has stabilized and develops a transverse drainage network. Models record a long‐term shallowing‐up mega‐sequence driven by the increase in sediment production rate in the uplifting range and the decrease in the rate of flexural accommodation space creation in the foreland basin. The initial relief of the foreland domain alters the timing of its transition from the under‐filled to the over‐filled phase. An initially deep foreland basin is twice as thick as an initially elevated foreland. It records deep marine deposits while a foreland initially at sea level records thin shallow marine and an elevated foreland records continental deposits. The forebulge is buried by continental deposits in an initially elevated foreland while it is buried by marine sediments in other models. Alluvial fans at the foot of the range are more elevated in initially elevated forelands. We discuss our results of modeled stratigraphic architecture in comparison with the Pyrenean, Alpine and Andean retro‐foreland basins.
Can Stochastic Slip Rupture Modeling Produce Realistic M9+ Events?
Authors: Small David T. , Melgar Diego
Published: March 2023

Stochastic slip rupture modeling is a computationally efficient, reduced‐physics approximation that has the capability to create large numbers of unique ruptures based only on a few statistical assumptions. Yet one fundamental question pertaining to this approach is whether the slip distributions calculated in this way are “realistic.” Rather, can stochastic modeling reproduce slip distributions that match what is seen in M9+ events recorded in instrumental time? We focus here on testing the ability of the von Karman ACF method for stochastic slip modeling to reproduce M9+ events. We start with the 2011 M9.1 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake and tsunami where we test both a stochastic method with a homogeneous background mean model and a method where slip is informed by an additional interseismic coupling constraint. We test two coupling constraints with varying assumptions of either trench‐locking or ‐creeping and assess their influence on the calculated ruptures. We quantify the dissimilarity between the 12,000 modeled ruptures and a slip inversion for the Tohoku earthquake. We also model tsunami inundation for over 300 ruptures and compare the results to an inundation survey along the eastern coastline of Japan. We conclude that stochastic slip modeling produces ruptures that can be considered “Tohoku‐like,” and inclusion of coupling can both positively and negatively influence the ability to create realistic ruptures. We then expand our study to show that for the 1960 M9.4–9.6 Chile, 1964 M9.2 Alaska, and 2004 M9.1–9.3 Sumatra events, stochastic slip modeling has the capability to produce ruptures that compare favorably to those events.
Li3TiCl6 as ionic conductive and compressible positive electrode active material for all-solid-state lithium-based batteries
Authors: Wang Kai , Gu Zhenqi , Xi Zhiwei , Hu Lv , Ma Cheng
Published: March 2023

The development of energy-dense all-solid-state Li-based batteries requires positive electrode active materials that are ionic conductive and compressible at room temperature. Indeed, these material properties could contribute to a sensible reduction of the amount of the solid-state electrolyte in the composite electrode, thus, enabling higher mass loading of active materials. Here, we propose the synthesis and use of lithium titanium chloride (Li3TiCl6) as room-temperature ionic conductive (i.e., 1.04 mS cm−1 at 25 °C) and compressible active materials for all-solid-state Li-based batteries. When a composite positive electrode comprising 95 wt.% of Li3TiCl6 is tested in combination with a Li-In alloy negative electrode and Li6PS5Cl/Li2ZrCl6 solid-state electrolytes, an initial discharge capacity of about 90 mAh g−1 and an average cell discharge voltage of about 2.53 V are obtained. Furthermore, a capacity retention of more than 62% is attainable after 2500 cycles at 92.5 mA g−1 and 25 °C with an applied external pressure of 1.5 tons. We also report the assembly and testing of a “single Li3TiCl6” cell where this chloride material is used as the solid electrolyte, negative electrode and positive electrode.
Heavy metals accumulation in soil and uptake by barley (Hordeum vulgare) irrigated with contaminated water
Authors: Haddad Marwan , Nassar Doa , Shtaya Munqez
Published: March 2023

Impacts of nine heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn) contamination in irrigation water on the soil, shoots, and roots of barely were investigated. Due to freshwater shortages, the use of available and inexpensive urban wastewater with input from local industrial factories containing heavy metals in irrigation is still practiced in the Middle East including Palestine. Barely was grown in plastic pots filled with sandy soil irrigated with simulated treated wastewater during two growing seasons. The metal treatments investigated include one, three, nine, and 15 multiples of the average metal content of treated effluent. Results showed that (i) Barley showed similar growth responses but different metal uptake patterns, (ii) Cd, Fe, Pb, and Zn in roots and shoots of barley were higher than WHO permissible levels, (iii) all metals accumulated in the soil had lower content than WHO permissible levels, (iv) The average value of enrichment factor (EF) for most heavy metals used was around unity indicating poor enrichment to soil and translocation to roots and shoots, (v) The highest Translocation factor (TF = 57.8) and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF = 126.8) was observed for K indicating its role in enhancing barley's tolerance to drought and its effectiveness in using barley in phytoremediation, and (vi) Barley growth and development and soil quality parameters were significantly affected by repetitive and increased irrigation with wastewater containing heavy metals.
The value evaluation model design and business innovation for P-RAN based on multi-party interaction
Authors: Meng Fanrong , Liu Hua , Li Weimin , Chen Xin
Published: March 2023

This paper takes the P-RAN, a proximity wireless access network system for 5G and 6G, as an example, and uses the theory related to value evaluation to discuss how to realize the decentralization of underlying infrastructure from the perspective of different interactive players in the system. The analysis of P-RAN helps to promote mobile network operators to recognize network interaction and solve the problems of weak coverage, reduce the cost of network construction, and provides a new research idea for exploring more network evaluation indicators in the future.
Time taken to resume activities of daily living after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors
Authors: Lee Jeong-A. , Tak Eun-Young , Lim Hyang Lan , Oh Seonghee , Sim Hyojung , Choi Hye-Ok , Kong Doo-Sik
Published: March 2023

Postoperative management after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is important; however, the guidelines for resuming daily activities after TSS are insufficient. This study aimed to examine the time to return to activities of daily living (ADL) after TSS for pituitary tumors. A 4-month prospective data collection was completed for 114 of 117 patients who underwent TSS for pituitary tumors from April to July 2021. The time when the patient returned to ADL after surgery was measured using the self-recording sheet. More than 97% and 92% of the patients returned within 1 month (median: within 7 days) for the elements of basic ADL and within 2 months (median: within 15 days) for the elements of instrumental ADL, excluding a few. Notably, 73.3% of patients returned to work within 4 months. The median time for the activities included 64 days for washing hair head down, 44 days for blowing nose, 59 days for lifting heavy objects, and 102 days for sexual activity. For patients who received extended-TSS or had postoperative problems, the time to return was delayed. Based on these results, it will be possible to provide practical information and guidelines on the time to return to ADL after TSS in pituitary tumor patients.
Spatial distribution and comparative analysis of Aconitum alkaloids in Fuzi using DESI-MSI and UHPLC-QTOF-MS
Authors: Ren Zhenhui , Zhang Huixia , Yang Liu , Chen Xin , Zhang Shuai , Chen Shiqi , Li Daowen , Li Cun , Jiang Haiyang
Published: March 2023

Spatial distribution of Aconitum alkaloids (AAs) in raw Fuzi and content changes after processing by DESI-MSI and UHPLC-QTOF-MS.
Hydrogen-free palladium-catalyzed intramolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroaminocarbonylation of 2-(1-methylvinyl)anilines
Authors: Ru Tong , Ning Yingtang , Liu Ding , Tao Yuan , Wang Jiaqi , Chen Fen-Er
Published: March 2023

The palladium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroaminocarbonylation of 2-(1-methylvinyl)aniline derivatives has been achieved using dppp (1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) as a ligand under hydrogen-free conditions.
Visible-light-absorbing C–N cross-coupling for the synthesis of hydrazones involving C(sp2)–H/C(sp3)–H functionalization
Authors: Kushwaha Ambuj Kumar , Maury Suresh Kumar , Kamal Arsala , Singh Himanshu Kumar , Pandey Shikha , Singh Sundaram
Published: March 2023

Photoredox C–N cross-coupling for the synthesis of hydrazones was developed through C(sp2)–C(sp3)–H functionalization of indole and methylarene using photocatalyst eosin Y, ethanol:water as a green solvent and atmospheric air as an oxidant.
Design and synthesis of novel glycyrrhetinic acid-triazole derivatives that exert anti-plasmodial activity inducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Kapkoti Deepak Singh , Kumar Saurabh , Kumar Ashish , Darokar Mahendra P. , Pal Anirban , Bhakuni Rajendra Singh
Published: March 2023

Malaria is an enormous threat to public health due to the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to widely used anti-malarials, such as chloroquine.
Rational design of CoP@Ni(OH)2 bilayer nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Jie , Chen Yu , Wang Yin , Liu Lu , Chen Qi , Shi Qingqing , Huang Luyi , Chen Xing , Xie Kun
Published: March 2023

The CoP@Ni(OH)2 bilayer nanosheets can provide abundant transport paths for electrons and ions, expose more electroactive sites, and enhance structural stability.
Non-invasive monitoring of biochemicals in hydrogel-assisted microfluidic chips
Authors: Zhao Na , Yu Zehua , Huang Jun , Liu Yuxi , Zhao Yifan , Fu Xiangqian , Yang Peihua , Liu Kang
Published: March 2023

A hydrogel acts as the sealing film of microfluidic chips, and allows the delivery of target biochemicals to the outer surface for various types of quantitative analysis.
On the use of real-world datasets for reaction yield prediction
Authors: Saebi Mandana , Nan Bozhao , Herr John E. , Wahlers Jessica , Guo Zhichun , Zurański Andrzej M. , Kogej Thierry , Norrby Per-Ola , Doyle Abigail G. , Chawla Nitesh V. , Wiest Olaf
Published: March 2023

An attributed graph neural network predicts the yield of Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig reactions for datasets from high-throughput experimentation (HTE) but not for a more diverse real-world dataset from electronic lab notebooks (ELNs).
Discovery of a photoactivatable dimerized STING agonist based on the benzo[b]selenophene scaffold
Authors: Liu Dongyu , Yu Bin , Guan Xin , Song Bin , Pan Huikai , Wang Renbing , Feng Xi , Pan Lixia , Huang Huidan , Wang Zhe , Wu Hongxi , Qiu Zhixia , Li Zhiyu , Bian Jinlei
Published: March 2023

The first photoactivatable STING agonist, caged-diBSP01, is presented based on a novel and potent dimerized STING agonist diBSP01. Caged-diBSP01 allowed spatiotemporal control of STING activation by light, which was well characterized both in vitro and in vivo.
Optimization of micro-QuEChERS extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the fast determination of phthalic acid esters in mussel samples
Authors: Carro N. , Fernández R. , Sóñora S. , Cobas J. , García I. , Ignacio M. , Mouteira A.
Published: March 2023

In this paper a new miniaturized version of the analytical method based on QuEChERS technique using Florisil in the cleanup step for extracting six phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in mussel samples was developed by using an design of experiments.
Evaluation of separation performance for eggshell-based reversed-phase HPLC columns by controlling particle size and application in quantitative therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Yoshii Tomoka , Nakano Kohei , Okuda Tomoaki , Citterio Daniel , Hiruta Yuki
Published: March 2023

An eggshell-based reversed-phase packing material was applied to an analytical column for HPLC, resulting in its application for the quantitative analysis of drugs.
Creating water-in-salt-like environment using coordinating anions in non-concentrated aqueous electrolytes for efficient Zn batteries
Authors: Gomez Vazquez Dario , Pollard Travis P. , Mars Julian , Yoo Ji Mun , Steinrück Hans-Georg , Bone Sharon E. , Safonova Olga V. , Toney Michael F. , Borodin Oleg , Lukatskaya Maria R.
Published: March 2023

By using coordinating anions such as acetate, a water-in-salt-like coordination environment of Zn ions is achieved in relatively dilute conditions, leading to prolonged and efficient cycling of zinc metal anodes.
New mixed-ligand Zn(ii)-based MOF as a nanocarrier platform for improved antibacterial activity of clinically approved drug levofloxacin
Authors: Bhat Zia Ul Haq , Hanif Summaiya , Rafi Zeeshan , Alam Mohammad Jane , Ahmad Musheer , Shakir M.
Published: March 2023

The advancement of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) operating as drug delivery systems is of extensive interest as their controlled drug release and specific delivery are very propitious.
How to enhance the effective spin-reversal barriers of two-coordinate Co(ii) imido complexes with [CoN]+ core? a theoretical investigation
Authors: Lu Fang , Shang Tao , Zhang Yi-Quan
Published: March 2023

Breaking the [CoN]+ core by lengthening the CoN bonds for two-coordinate Co-based complexes is a good choice to enhance the energy barrier.
Novel synthetic route for (parent) phosphetanes, phospholanes, phosphinanes and phosphepanes
Authors: Reichl Stephan , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred
Published: March 2023

A novel synthetic route for (parent) phosphorus-containing cycloalkanes such as phosphetanes, phospholanes, 5 phosphinanes and phosphepanes and their organo-substituted derivatives is reported. For the first time the parent phospholane was synthesised.
Interprétation des examens cone beam et principales découvertes fortuites
Authors: Rocher Philippe
Published: March 2023

Les examens cone beam sont très largement utilisés actuellement dans tous les domaines de la chirurgie dentaire et l’orthodontie ne fait pas exception.

Les réalisateurs de ces examens doivent analyser l’ensemble du volume exploré, il n’est pas possible de se limiter à l’élément à l’origine de la justification. Cela nécessite de la méthode et des connaissances.

La façon d’analyser un examen cone beam de façon systématique est présentée. Une approche séquentielle de la navigation au sein de ces examens tridimensionnels afin de distinguer l’anatomie normale de l’anatomie anormale et d’identifier les pathologies et les découvertes fortuites est proposée. Les principes généraux et des protocoles à suivre pour identifier, caractériser et éventuellement parvenir à un diagnostic différentiel sont détaillés.

Les résultats de l’analyse servent à la rédaction du compte rendu radiologique. Celui-ci constitue la démarche médicale de l’acte radiologique et conditionne la prise en charge par l’Assurance Maladie. Sa constitution et les réponses qu’il doit apporter sont décrites.
Cone beam et articulations temporo mandibulaires
Authors: Bellaiche Norbert
Published: March 2023

Le CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) s’est imposé comme l’examen radiologique de choix à visée squelettique des articulations temporomandibulaires (ATM).

Le CBCT est indiqué, en complément d’un panoramique dentaire :

en cas de suspicion de dysfonctionnement discal : Syndrome algodysfonctionnel de l’appareil manducateur (SADAM) ou Désordre Temporo Mandibulaire (DTM).

dans d’autres situations évocatrices de pathologies de l’ATM (traumatisme, contexte inflammatoire, malformation congénitale…).

Les pathologies les plus fréquentes sont en rapport avec un dysfonctionnement discal : anomalies fonctionnelles (limitation d’ouverture buccale et trismus) et arthrose. Dans ces deux cas un traitement symptomatique fonctionnel est mis en place.

Les autres pathologies sont plus rares : arthrites inflammatoires ou infectieuses, fractures, ankyloses, ostéonécrose aseptique d’un condyle, pathologies congénitales, tumeurs le plus souvent bénignes…
Tierschutz bei Transport und Schlachtung von Rindern –
Hintergründe und Wissenswertes
Authors: Herzog Kathrin , Kolk Cora
Published: March 2023

Bei gewerblichen Beförderungen von Tieren müssen sowohl nationale
als auch europäische Rechtsvorgaben beachtet und eingehalten werden. Die
Tierschutzverpflichtung dehnt sich dabei auf alle an einem Tiertransport
beteiligten Personen aus. Bei der Entscheidung zur Abgabe eines Tieres
z. B. zur Schlachtung müssen dabei auch die Fragen nach der
Transportfähigkeit des Tieres im Sinne der europäischen
Tiertransportverordnung (VO (EG) Nr. 1/2005) berücksichtigt
werden. Allgemein gilt, dass nur transportfähige Tiere befördert
werden dürfen. Die Beantwortung der Frage nach der
Transportfähigkeit eines Tieres stellt in Zweifelsfällen
für alle am Transport beteiligten Personen eine Herausforderung dar.
Außerdem ist bereits im Vorfeld durch den Tierhalter durch die sog.
Standarderklärung zu bestätigen, dass das Tier im Sinne des
Lebensmittelhygienerechts „frei von Anzeichen für das Auftreten
von Krankheiten ist, die die Sicherheit des Fleisches beeinträchtigen
könnten“. Nur unter dieser Voraussetzung ist der Transport eines
transportfähigen Tieres zum Schlachthof zu begründen.

Dieser Artikel fasst die jeweiligen Rechtsgrundlagen zusammen und stellt eine
tierschutzfachliche Informationsquelle zur Transport- und
Schlachtfähigkeit von Rindern dar.
Improving gravitational-wave interferometers with fast cooling
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: March 2023

Low temperatures enable higher detection sensitivity, and a new cooling technique achieves the desired temperature in a third of the time.
Recent advances in engineering vascularized tissues
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: March 2023

Incorporating blood vessels into engineered tissues is a necessary but challenging step in creating functional tissues and organs.