bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Young adults and homeownership in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Abidoye Rotimi Boluwatife , Puspitasari Gitta , Sunindijo Riza , Adabre Michael
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Homeownership, especially for young adults, is a significant challenge in nearly every country and Indonesia, the fourth most populous country in the world, is not exempted. Its capital city, Jakarta, has the lowest homeownership rate when compared with other cities and if this challenge remains unresolved, it could lead to more social and economic issues in the country. Hence, this study aims to investigate the homeownership of young adults in Jakarta, focussing on young adults’ opinions, perceptions and experiences regarding homeownership opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from young adults in the study area. The collected data were analysed using the statistical package for the social sciences 24.0 software. Descriptive analysis, Cronbach’s alpha test, Pearson’s correlation test and mean score ranking were adopted to analyse the collected data.

Findings

The result shows that homeownership is driven by factors that are more functional and realistic (in terms of a place to live, marriage and parenthood) rather than those related to pride or social status representation (as a personal or career accomplishment). Unaffordability and insufficient income were ranked as crucial barriers to homeownership. Increasing the supply of affordable housing, controlling housing prices through government’s intervention and reducing mortgage interests are potential solutions to address this issue.

Practical implications

The result of this research would be useful to young adults who are the participants of this study, property developers, lending institutions and the government concerning homeownership policy formulation, loan provision, affordable housing supply, etc.

Originality/value

Specific studies that focussed on the young adults’ homeownership in Jakarta, Indonesia is limited, therefore, this research provides an insight into the issue of young adults’ homeownership in the country. Also, the findings could be applicable in other developing countries that have similar characteristics to Indonesia.
Building the connection between nation and commercial brand: an integrative review and future research directions
Authors: He Jiaxun , Wang Cheng Lu , Wu Yi
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an integrative review on nation branding literature and to identify new avenues for future research on embedding nation equity into commercial brands.

Design/methodology/approach

Integrative review and analysis with conceptual development and future research directions.

Findings

The authors firstly identify conceptualizations and measurements of nation brand as national identity and as national image. Consistently, three theoretical perspectives investigating nation branding were given: first, the macro view focusing on nation brand broadly as political and cultural identity; second, the micro view focusing on nation brand as a country image; and finally, the integrative view using the emerging construct of nation equity. Inspired by the last theoretical view, the authors discuss four research foci that examine nation equity in commercial brands for future research.

Originality/value

The paper provides an integrative understanding of nation branding and identifies novel research opportunities to study this research field – building the connection between nations and commercial brands through nation equity.
Intellectual capital and performance of small and medium audit practices
Authors: Kaawaase Twaha Kigongo , Bananuka Juma , Peter Kwizina Thomson , Nabaweesi Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactive effects of professionalism in the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and performance of small and medium audit practices (SMPs) within the context of a developing economy, Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 77 SMPs registered with the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Uganda through their managing partners. The authors utilized multiple regression analysis to test hypotheses using centered variables and an interaction term between IC and professionalism.

Findings

IC is a significant determinant of performance of SMPs in Uganda; while professionalism when acting alone is not significant, however, results have shown that professionalism interacts with IC to enhance performance of SMPs.

Research limitations/implications

This study, owing to the absence of publically available published financial statements of SMPs, utilizes a questionnaire to collect data on performance of SMPs which could be less objective. Further, as the study is limited to SMPs in Uganda, it is possible that the results are only applicable to Uganda’s accountancy field. In addition, the use of multiple regression is prone to problems associated with sampling error. However, the likelihood of these problems is mitigated by the interface with data and regression analysis diagnostics that were carried out.

Originality/value

This study provides initial empirical evidence on the relationship between IC, professionalism and performance of SMPs in developing economies. The study further indicates that while IC acts independently to influence firm performance, its interaction with professionalism enhances this performance.
Redefining urban heritage value for Hanoi trade streets
Authors: Kashihara Saori
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study aims to redefine the urban heritage value of trade streets in Hanoi's Ancient Quarter (AQ) and propose an expanded notion of the “historicity” found through intangible cultural heritage (ICH).

Design/methodology/approach

A longitudinal analysis was conducted to examine the historical transitions of trade streets, thereby providing an alternative value perspective for considering the area's conservation management. The trade streets were specifically analysed from the pre-colonial era to 2017 using past survey data concerning the distribution and concentration of trade types, statistical documents from the colonial era and recent fieldwork data from investigations into 79 trade streets, thus identifying seven patterns of change.

Findings

Individual trade streets contribute to the unique identities of their respective streets while collectively providing experiential value through the overall variety and density of trade types. Further, the value of modernised trade streets can be found in their support of the area's systemic and experiential values.

Practical implications

Current management approaches should shift to include non-traditional trade streets that have experienced gradual changes or retained specific businesses for long periods of time.

Originality/value

This was the first study to conduct a longitudinal analysis of AQ trading with partial support from statistical data. It explored an expanded way of interpreting historicity from the viewpoint of dynamic ICH along the two axes of pace and intensity by tracing changes in commercial activities over time.
Modeling and optimization for surface roughness and tool flank wear in hard turning of AISI 4340 steel (35 HRC) using TiSiN-TiAlN nanolaminate coated insert
Authors: Kaladhar M.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The present study spotlights the single and multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods to determine the optimal machining conditions and the predictive modeling for surface roughness (Ra) and cutting tool flank wear (VB) while hard turning of AISI 4340 steel (35 HRC) under dry environment.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, Taguchi L16 design of experiments methodology was chosen. The experiments were performed under dry machining conditions using TiSiN-TiAlN nanolaminate PVD-coated cutting tool on which Taguchi and responses surface methodology (RSM) for single objective optimization and MCDM methods like the multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis (MOORA) were applied to attain optimal set of machining parameters. The predictive models for each response and multiresponse were developed using RSM-based regression analysis. S/N ratios, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pareto diagram, Tukey's HSD test were carried out on experimental data for profound analysis.

Findings

Optimal set of machining parameters were obtained as cutting speed: at 180 m/min., feed rate: 0.05 mm/rev., and depth of cut: 0.15 mm; cutting speed: 145 m/min., feed rate: 0.20 mm/rev. and depth of cut: 0.1 mm for Ra and VB, respectively. ANOVA showed feed rate (96.97%) and cutting speed (58.9%) are dominant factors for Ra and VB, respectively. A remarkable improvement observed in Ra (64.05%) and VB (69.94%) after conducting confirmation tests. The results obtained through the MOORA method showed the optimal set of machining parameters (cutting speed = 180 m/min, feed rate = 0.15 mm/rev and depth of cut = 0.25 mm) for minimizing the Ra and VB.

Originality/value

This work contributes to realistic application for manufacturing industries those dealing with AISI 4340 steel of 35 HRC. The research contribution of present work including the predictive models will provide some useful guidelines in the field of manufacturing, in particular, manufacturing of gear shafts for power transmission, turbine shafts, fasteners, etc.
Influence of aging on microstructure and hardness of lead-free solder alloys
Authors: Morando Carina , Fornaro Osvaldo
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to carry out a study of the evolution of the microstructure and the microhardness of Sn-Cu-Ag alloys from as-cast condition and under artificial isothermal aging at different temperatures (100ºC and 180ºC) for a treatment time up to 500 h. A comparison with Sn-37% Pb eutectic solder samples was also made.

Design/methodology/approach

Sn-3.5%Ag, Sn-0.7%Cu and Sn-3.5%Ag-0.9%Cu were poured in two different cooling rate conditions and then aged at 100ºC (373ºK) and 180 °C (453ºK) during 500 h. Microstructural changes were observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron micrograph and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Differential scanning calorimetry technique (DSC) was also used to confirm the obtained results.

Findings

A decrease up to 20% in microhardness respect to the value of the as-cast alloy was observed for both aging temperatures. These changes can be explained considering the coarsening and recrystallization of Sn dendrites present in the microstructures of all the systems studied.

Originality/value

There is no evidence of dissolution or precipitation of new phases in the range of studied temperatures that could be detected by DSC calorimetry technique. The acting mechanisms must be the result of coarsening of Sn dendrites and the residual stresses relaxation during the first stages of the isothermal aging.
Organizational forgetting Part II: a review of the literature and future research directions
Authors: Mariano Stefania , Casey Andrea , Olivera Fernando
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this two-part paper is to provide a summary of current research opportunities in organizational forgetting literature and a future research agenda.

Design/methodology/approach

The summary of current research opportunities and future research agenda is drawn from the systematic literature review and synthesis reported in Part I.

Findings

Two broad areas for future research are proposed: A first area that highlights a need to address integrative theoretical challenges that include issues of temporality, history, power dynamics, and organizational context. A second area that highlights a need to reconcile contradicting explanations – such as whether technological sophistication and codification practices versus social networks prevent knowledge depreciation and loss – through a multilevel perspective.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations relate to time span coverage and journal article accessibility.

Originality/value

This Part II paper provides a summary of current research opportunities and offers directions for future research on organizational forgetting.
An empirical investigation and prioritization of barriers toward implementation of agile manufacturing in the manufacturing industry
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Singh Kanwarpreet , Jain Sanjiv Kumar
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The study aims at empirically investigating and prioritizing the critical barriers for the successful implementation of agile manufacturing in the medium- and large-scale Indian manufacturing industries.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review of peer-reviewed journals and discussion with experts is used to identify 17 barriers to the implementation of agile manufacturing. An empirical survey is then conducted to collect data regarding the agile manufacturing barriers and is further analyzed using the factor analysis and vlsekriterijumska optimizacija i kompromisno resenje (VIKOR).

Findings

Based on the survey of empirical data, the investigated critical barriers were reduced in five critical categories, as follows: Managerial constraints, technological constraints, human resource–related constraints, operational constraints and organizational culture-related constraints, which are further ranked in terms of their severity using VIKOR. This research advocates the development of a strategy for addressing the most critical barriers instead of focusing on all for the successful implementation of agile manufacturing.

Originality/value

This work contributes to agile manufacturing literature by the structured presentation of the barriers to implement agile manufacturing in the Indian manufacturing industry. It also extends the integrated factor analysis and VIKOR method to investigate and rank the barriers.
Inbound and Outbound Globalizations in the International Film Industry
Authors: Kim Shin Dong , Parc Jimmyn
Published: July 2020

Since culture has been considered as a pillar of national identity, prevailing ideas for cultural industries and policies are closely linked to protectionism and anti‐globalization. However, these moves are derived from a narrow understanding of globalization. In this regard, this paper deals with this fundamental question on how to understand globalization in cultural industries with a focus on the film sector. For this research question, this paper identified inbound and outbound globalizations. Inbound globalization happens domestically with the interconnectedness among domestic and international factors whereas outbound globalization occurs overseas. These two types of globalizations can be undertaken both actively and passively depending on how to utilize (dis)advantages. Based on such an analysis, this paper argues that government policies should be set up to maximize benefits from both inbound and outbound globalizations in order to enhance the international competitiveness of the film industry while strengthening its industrial base.
Target Hollywood! Examining Japan’s Film Import Ban in the 1930s
Authors: Ranger Stephen
Published: July 2020

In the 1930s Hollywood enjoyed a popular following in the Japanese film market, accounting for almost 90 per cent of imported sound films. Against a backdrop of emerging political tensions and war in China, the Japanese government announced in 1937 that it would place a ban on Hollywood film imports. This was a move that ushered in a new era of protectionism for Japan’s emerging film industry. Following this decision, Hollywood studios engaged with Tokyo and sought an agreement to ease the new restrictions. After a period of intense discussions, the Japanese government agreed to lift the ban albeit with certain conditions. This paper examines protectionism in the Japanese film market and considers the impact of political forces, both domestic and international, on the decisions made. It will show that economic factors were mostly behind the decision to implement the ban and therefore facilitated the reaching of an agreement between the two sides. Furthermore, the interests of the domestic film industry who would benefit from the import of Hollywood films helped lift the ban.
Overcoming the Incoherent ‘Grand Maneuver’ in the French Film and TV Markets: Lessons from the Experiences in France and Korea
Authors: Parc Jimmyn , Messerlin Patrick
Published: July 2020

In 1989, the Member States of the European Union integrated their TV markets together in order to create a larger and more open ‘single TV market’ through the Television without Frontiers Directive. The French film industry used this opportunity to extract additional revenues by implementing TV quotas and strengthening the chronologie des médias. This paper examines the impact of these two measures on the French film and TV industries and shows how they were incoherent. In contrast to the expectations of the French film industry, these measures have induced it to produce less attractive films and burdened the TV industry with increased regulatory costs. While the government poured massive subsidies into the filmmaking sector, this endeavor has not been able to significantly improve the attractiveness of French films. In this regard, the Korean film industry offers valuable lessons. Since the late 1990s, the Korean government has significantly reduced its level of protectionism and scaled back its intervention in the industry. Crucially, business has been the main engine to produce attractive films that can compete with Hollywood films in the open market. For the French film industry, the findings in this paper suggest which direction its Grandes Manœuvres should pursue.
Biofilm propensity of Staphylococcus aureus skin isolates is associated with increased atopic dermatitis severity and barrier dysfunction in the MPAACH pediatric cohort
Authors: Gonzalez Tammy , Stevens Mariana L. , Baatyrbek kyzy Asel , Alarcon Rosario , He Hua , Kroner John W. , Spagna Daniel , Grashel Brittany , Sidler Elaine , Martin Lisa J. , Biagini Myers Jocelyn M. , Khurana Hershey Gurjit K. , Herr Andrew B.
Published: July 2020

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients are often colonized with Staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcal biofilms have been reported on adult AD skin lesions. The commensal S epidermidis can antagonize S aureus, although its role in AD is unclear. We sought to characterize S aureus and S epidermidis colonization and biofilm propensity and determine their associations with AD severity, barrier function, and epidermal gene expression in the first US early‐life cohort of children with AD, the Mechanisms of Progression of Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma in Children (MPAACH).

Methods

The biofilm propensity of staphylococcal isolates was assessed by crystal violet assays. Gene expression of filaggrin and antimicrobial alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 was measured in keratinocyte RNA extracted from skin tape strips. Staphylococcal biofilms sampled from MPAACH skin were visualized using scanning electron microscopy.

Results

Sixty‐two percent of staphylococcal isolates (sampled from 400 subjects) formed moderate/strong biofilms. Sixty‐eight percent of subjects co‐colonized with both staphylococcal species exhibited strains that formed cooperative mixed‐species biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy verified the presence of staphylococcal biofilms on the skin of MPAACH children. Staphylococcus aureus strains showing higher relative biofilm propensity compared with S epidermidis were associated with increased AD severity (P = .03) and increased lesional and nonlesional transepidermal water loss (P = .01, P = .03).

Conclusions

Our data suggest a pathogenic role for S aureus biofilms in AD. We found that strain‐level variation in staphylococcal isolates governs the interactions between S epidermidis and S aureus and that the balance between these two species, and their biofilm propensity, has important implications for AD.
A counterpoint paper: Comments on the electrocardiographic part of the 2018 Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction endorsed by the International Society of Electrocardiology and the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology
Authors: Birnbaum Yochai , Fiol Miguel , Nikus Kjell , Garcia Niebla Javier , Bacharova Ljuba , Dubner Sergio , Zareba Wojciech , Macfarlane Peter W. , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz , Cygankiewicz Iwona , Bayes de Luna Antoni
Published: July 2020

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (FUDMI) focuses on the distinction between nonischemic myocardial injury and myocardial infarction (MI), along with the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance, in order to define the etiology of myocardial injury. As a consequence, there is less emphasis on updating the parts of the definition concerning the electrocardiographic (ECG) changes related to MI. Evidence of myocardial ischemia is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of MI, and the ECG is the main available tool for (a) detecting acute ischemia, (b) triage, and (c) risk stratification upon presentation. This review focuses on multiple aspects of ECG interpretation that we firmly believe should be considered for incorporation in any future update to the Universal Definition of MI.
The completeness and accuracy of the Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry
Authors: Dyrkorn Ole A. , Staff Anne C. , Kulseng‐Hanssen Sigurd , Dimoski Tomislav , Svenningsen Rune
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Medical quality registries have gained popularity as tools for monitoring the quality of medical treatments and they serve as data sources for research. The Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry (NFIR) was established in 1998 to monitor and improve the quality of surgery for women with stress and mixed urinary incontinence in Norway and to collect data for research. This study aimed to assess the completeness and accuracy of the Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry, and potential differences in data accuracy over time and according to surgical volume of the reporting hospitals.

Material and methods

A random selection of 300 women from a total of 20 610 operated for urinary incontinence between 1998 and 2016 reported to the Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry from 28 public hospitals were selected for validation. The database completeness was estimated for 2008‐2017 by comparing surgical procedures registered both in the Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry and the Norwegian National Patient Registry. Historical data recorded in the Registry for 10 selected key variables were extracted and compared with the patients' individual medical records at the reporting hospitals as reference. The reviewers were blinded to the previously stored information. The intraclass correlation coefficient for continuous variables and Cohen's kappa for categorical variables were calculated.

Results

Primary source data on 285 of the 300 women selected from Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry were successfully retrieved. The completeness of the registry has increased from 61% in 2008 to 99% in 2017. The national coverage has increased from 12 reporting departments in 1998 to all 38 public departments performing female incontinence surgery in 2017. Excellent accuracy was found for both continuous variables (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.94) and categorical variables (Cohen's kappa >0.86). No differences in data accuracy were found comparing high‐volume hospitals with low‐volume hospitals, or when comparing data accuracy over time.

Conclusions

The Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry is a reliable tool for quality assessment of incontinence surgery and research. The registry completeness has improved over time and now contains data on nearly all women undergoing incontinence surgery in Norway.
Limited agreement between clinical assessment of infant colour at birth and oxygen saturation in a hospital in Ethiopia
Authors: Cavallin Francesco , Cori Maria Sofia , Negash Senait , Azzimonti Gaetano , Manenti Fabio , Putoto Giovanni , Trevisanuto Daniele
Published: July 2020

Aim

To evaluate the relationship between clinical assessment of infant colour and oxygen saturation at birth in a low‐resource setting.

Methods

Classification of infant colour (cyanotic, pink or unclear) by midwives was compared to pulse‐oximeter data at 60‐90‐120‐300 seconds after birth in 60 neonates.

Results

Overall, oxygen saturation increased over time (P < .0001) and was different according to infant colour (P < .0001). Median oxygen saturation in pink infants was 87% at 60 seconds (n = 1), 90% (IQR 83‐91) at 90 seconds (n = 5), 86% (IQR 81‐94) at 120 seconds (n = 11) and 93% (IQR 90‐96) at 300 seconds (n = 20). Median oxygen saturation in cyanotic infants was 60% (IQR 45‐70) at 60 seconds (n = 52), 64% (IQR 52‐69) at 90 seconds (n = 42), 63% (IQR 56‐68) at 120 seconds (n = 35) and 66% (IQR 62‐74) at 300 seconds (n = 22). Median oxygen saturation in unclear‐coloured infants was 57% (IQR 56‐60) at 60 seconds (n = 7), 78% (IQR 71‐81) at 90 seconds (n = 13), 81% (IQR 79‐88) at 120 seconds (n = 14) and 80% (IQR 76‐84) at 300 seconds (n = 18). The proportion of infants with unclear colour ranged from 12% to 30%.

Conclusion

The variability of oxygen saturation among pink and cyanotic infants, and the substantial proportion of unclear infant colour, suggest the possible benefit of the availability of pulse oximetry in low‐resource settings.
Serious adverse events with tocilizumab: Pharmacovigilance as an aid to prioritize monitoring in COVID‐19
Authors: Gatti Milo , Fusaroli Michele , Caraceni Paolo , Poluzzi Elisabetta , De Ponti Fabrizio , Raschi Emanuel
Published: July 2020

Given its approval for the treatment of cytokine release syndrome, tocilizumab is under investigation in severe coronavirus disease‐2019. To characterize serious adverse events (AEs) with tocilizumab, we queried the worldwide FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and performed disproportionality analysis, selecting only designated medical events (DMEs) where tocilizumab was reported as suspect, with a focus on hepatic reactions. The reporting odds ratios (RORs) were calculated, deemed significant by a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (LL 95% CI) > 1. A total of 2,433 reports of DMEs were recorded with tocilizumab, mainly in rheumatic diseases. Statistically significant RORs emerged for 13 DMEs, with drug‐induced liver injury (n = 91; LL 95% CI 3.07), pancreatitis (151; 1.41), and pulmonary fibrosis (222; 7.21) as unpredictable AEs. A total of 174 cases of liver‐related DMEs were retrieved (proportion of deaths = 18.4%), with median onset of 27.5 days. These serious unpredictable reactions occurring in chronic real‐world tocilizumab use may support patient care and monitoring of ongoing clinical trials.
Safety and feasibility of early single‐dose mitomycin C bladder instillation after robot‐assisted radical nephroureterectomy
Authors: Gulamhusein Aziz , Silva Pedro , Cullen David , Tran Maxine , Mumtaz Faiz , Patki Prasad , Barod Ravi , Bex Axel
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To assess the safety and feasibility of early single‐dose mitomycin C (MMC) bladder instillation after robot‐assisted radical nephroureterectomy (RARNU) at a tertiary kidney cancer centre. RARNU with bladder cuff excision and subsequent MMC bladder instillation to reduce recurrence risk is the ‘gold standard’ for high‐risk upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC). We adapted a RARNU technique with precise distal ureteric dissection, bladder cuff excision and watertight bladder closure.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing RARNU for UUTUC at our centre performed as a standardised transperitoneal procedure comprising of: bladder cuff excision, two‐layer watertight closure and intraoperative bladder leak test; without re‐docking/re‐positioning of the robotic surgical system. Patient demographics, the timing of MMC instillation, adverse events (surgical and potentially MMC‐related) and length of stay (LOS) were assessed according to the Clavien–Dindo classification.

Results

A total of 69 patients underwent a RARNU with instillation of MMC. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 70 (62–78) years. The median (IQR) day of MMC instillation was 2 (1–3) days and the median (IQR) LOS was 2 (2–4) days, with urethral catheter removal on day of discharge in all cases. Only Grade I Clavien–Dindo complications occurred in seven patients (10%); five had ileus, one a wound infection and one a self‐limiting delirium, all managed conservatively. No adverse events potentially related to MMC instillation were noted within 30 days postoperatively.

Conclusion

The use of intravesical MMC instillation given in the immediate postoperative period appears feasible and safe in patients undergoing RARNU with intraoperative confirmation of a water‐tight closure ensuring early catheter‐free discharge, with no significant adverse events. The potential reduction in intravesical recurrence in patients receiving early MMC needs to be assessed with longitudinal follow‐up studies.
Employee creativity in war zones: Empirical evidence from small firms in Afghanistan
Authors: Afshar Jahanshahi Asghar , Brem Alexander , Hoerauf Dominik
Published: July 2020

The major concern of employees during times of war and conflict is apparently physical survival. But how are top managers of small‐sized companies enhancing the generation of novel and useful ideas by their employees in such physically dangerous business environments? In Afghanistan, as a war‐torn country, this research examined for the first time how getting closer to employees—which is conceptualized as internal marketing orientation culture in our study—directly affects the generation of novel and useful ideas by employees in the workplace. Our analysis is based on survey data from 81 newly established small‐sized companies in Afghanistan. Results indicate a mediating role of employees' perceived psychological safety on the relationship between internal market orientation culture and employees' creative work involvement. Moreover, we discuss the impact of employees' creative work involvement on small‐sized firm competitiveness improvement in general. Finally, we extend our implications in the context of the componential theory model of creativity, which might also serve as a framework for future research.
A multicenter, open‐label, phase II study of tirabrutinib (ONO/GS‐4059) in patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia
Authors: Sekiguchi Naohiro , Rai Shinya , Munakata Wataru , Suzuki Kenshi , Handa Hiroshi , Shibayama Hirohiko , Endo Tomoyuki , Terui Yasuhito , Iwaki Noriko , Fukuhara Noriko , Tatetsu Hiro , Iida Shinsuke , Ishikawa Takayuki , Shiibashi Ryota , Izutsu Koji
Published: July 2020

Tirabrutinib is a second‐generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor with greater selectivity than ibrutinib. Here, we conducted a multicenter, phase II study of tirabrutinib in patients with treatment‐naïve (Cohort A) or with relapsed/refractory (Cohort B) Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM). Patients were treated with tirabrutinib 480 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was major response rate (MRR; ≥ partial response). Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR; ≥ minor response), time to major response (TTMR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. In total, 27 patients (18 in Cohort A; 9 in Cohort B) were enrolled. The median age was 71 y, and the median serum immunoglobulin M level was 3600 mg/dL. Among the patients, 96.2% had the MYD88L265P mutation. MRR and ORR were 88.9% and 96.3%, respectively (Cohort A: MRR, 88.9%; ORR, 94.4%; Cohort B: MRR, 88.9%; ORR, 100%). Median TTMR was 1.87 mo. PFS and OS were not reached with a median follow‐up of 6.5 and 8.3 mo for Cohorts A and B, respectively. The most common adverse events (AEs) were rash (44.4%), neutropenia (25.9%), and leukopenia (22.2%), with most AEs classified as grade 1 or 2. Grade ≥ 3 AEs included neutropenia (11.1%), lymphopenia (11.1%), and leukopenia (7.4%). No grade 5 AEs were noted. All bleeding events were grade 1; none were associated with drug‐related atrial fibrillation or hypertension. Although the follow‐up duration was relatively short, the study met the primary endpoint. Therefore, tirabrutinib monotherapy is considered to be highly effective for both untreated and relapsed/refractory WM with a manageable safety profile. (JapicCTI‐173646).
Time and Singular Causation—A Computational Model
Authors: Stephan Simon , Mayrhofer Ralf , Waldmann Michael R.
Published: July 2020

Causal queries about singular cases, which inquire whether specific events were causally connected, are prevalent in daily life and important in professional disciplines such as the law, medicine, or engineering. Because causal links cannot be directly observed, singular causation judgments require an assessment of whether a co‐occurrence of two events c and e was causal or simply coincidental. How can this decision be made? Building on previous work by Cheng and Novick (2005) and Stephan and Waldmann (2018), we propose a computational model that combines information about the causal strengths of the potential causes with information about their temporal relations to derive answers to singular causation queries. The relative causal strengths of the potential cause factors are relevant because weak causes are more likely to fail to generate effects than strong causes. But even a strong cause factor does not necessarily need to be causal in a singular case because it could have been preempted by an alternative cause. We here show how information about causal strength and about two different temporal parameters, the potential causes' onset times and their causal latencies, can be formalized and integrated into a computational account of singular causation. Four experiments are presented in which we tested the validity of the model. The results showed that people integrate the different types of information as predicted by the new model.
Beneficial effects of eculizumab regardless of prior transfusions or bone marrow disease: Results of the International Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Registry
Authors: Röth Alexander , Araten David J. , Larratt Loree , Kulasekararaj Austin G. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Wilson Amanda , Gustovic Philippe , Kanakura Yuzuru
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of eculizumab on transfusions and thrombotic events (TEs) in patients with and without prior history of transfusion in the International Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Registry.

Methods

Registry patients enrolled on or before January 1, 2018, initiated on eculizumab no more than 12 months prior to enrollment, having known transfusion status for the 12 months before eculizumab initiation, and ≥12 months of Registry follow‐up after eculizumab initiation, were included.

Results

Eculizumab treatment was associated with a 50% reduction in transfusions in patients with a transfusion history (10.6 units/patient‐year before eculizumab vs 5.4 after; P < .0001), with greater reduction observed in those with no history of bone marrow disease vs those with bone marrow disease. Mean lactate dehydrogenase levels decreased from a mean of 6.7 to 1.4 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in patients with transfusion history and from 5.1 to 1.2 times ULN in those with no transfusion history. TE and major adverse vascular event rates also decreased by 70% in patients with and without history of transfusion.

Conclusions

The benefit of eculizumab therapy does not appear to be limited to any group defined by transfusion history or bone marrow disease history.
Receptor mechanisms mediating the anti‐neuroinflammatory effects of endocannabinoid system modulation in a rat model of migraine
Authors: Kilinc Erkan , Ankarali Seyit , Torun Ibrahim Ethem , Dagistan Yasar
Published: July 2020

Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), substance P and dural mast cells are main contributors in neurogenic inflammation underlying migraine pathophysiology. Modulation of endocannabinoid system attenuates migraine pain, but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. We investigated receptor mechanisms mediating anti‐neuroinflammatory effects of endocannabinoid system modulation in in vivo migraine model and ex vivo hemiskull preparations in rats. To induce acute model of migraine, a single dose of nitroglycerin was intraperitoneally administered to male rats. Moreover, isolated ex vivo rat hemiskulls were prepared to study CGRP and substance P release from meningeal trigeminal afferents. We used methanandamide (cannabinoid agonist), rimonabant (cannabinoid receptor‐1 CB1 antagonist), SR144528 (CB2 antagonist) and capsazepine (transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 TRPV1 antagonist) to explore effects of endocannabinoid system modulation on the neurogenic inflammation, and possible involvement of CB1, CB2 and TRPV1 receptors during endocannabinoid effects. Methanandamide attenuated nitroglycerin‐induced CGRP increments in in vivo plasma, trigeminal ganglia and brainstem and also in ex vivo hemiskull preparations. Methanandamide also alleviated enhanced number and degranulation of dural mast cells induced by nitroglycerin. Rimonabant, but not capsazepine or SR144528, reversed the attenuating effects of methanandamide on CGRP release in both in vivo and ex vivo experiments. Additionally, SR144528, but not rimonabant or capsazepine, reversed the attenuating effects of methanandamide on dural mast cells. However, neither nitroglycerin nor methanandamide changed substance P levels in both in vivo and ex vivo experiments. Methanandamide modulates CGRP release in migraine‐related structures via CB1 receptors and inhibits the degranulation of dural mast cells through CB2 receptors. Selective ligands targeting CB1 and CB2 receptors may provide novel and effective treatment strategies against migraine.
Emotional Reactions and Coping of Mexican Mixed‐Status Immigrant Families in Anticipation of the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Valdez Carmen R. , Wagner Kevin M. , Minero Laura P.
Published: July 2020

The present study illuminates the emotions of mixed‐status families as they anticipated the 2016 Presidential election. From a 6‐year longitudinal case study of four Mexican immigrant families, we present interviews from May of 2016, prior to the presidential primaries, and from November of 2016, the day before or the day of the presidential election. Using a multiple case study method (Stake, 2006, Multiple case study analysis. Guilford Press, New York; Yin, 2014, Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Sage, Los Angeles, CA), our primary goal was to describe how immigrant Mexican adults and their preadolescent and adolescent children (or grandchildren) personally and collectively reacted emotionally to the events leading up to the 2016 presidential election, and how they managed and coped with their emotions. Our secondary goal was to explain how their emotional reactions changed over time and were influenced by age and immigration status. Initially, participants expressed concern and fear about the anti‐immigration rhetoric by the conservative political movement, but largely felt reassured that such rhetoric would not prevail. In the days immediately preceding the election, a notable change seemed apparent among all participants, regardless of immigration status. They expressed having intense emotions ranging from fear and angst to disbelief, anger, and denial, which they attempted to manage through external (e.g., community involvement, activism, solidarity) and internal (e.g., family communication, cognitive strategies) actions. Older adolescents had a better understanding of the implications of the election for their family than younger adolescents did. We provide recommendations for family practice and policy aimed to support and advocate on behalf of immigrant families.
Numerical determination and experimental verification of the optimum autofrettage pressure for a complex aluminium high‐pressure valve to foster crack closure
Authors: Repplinger Christian , Sellen Stephan , Kedziora Slawomir , Zürbes Arno , Cao Thanh Binh , Maas Stefan
Published: July 2020

The determination of the optimum autofrettage pressure enables a clear improvement of the fatigue life for an internally highly pressurized component. The autofrettage process induces residual compressive stress after the release of a single static overload pressure, leading to plastic deformation at the inner wall whereas the outer part is only elastically stressed. This autofrettage pressure is clearly above the subsequent pulsating operating pressure range. Due to the complex geometry of the aluminium valve body, a detailed elastic–plastic finite element analysis is used to determine the critical area and the optimum autofrettage pressure. Based on an experimental stress–strain curve, three important load steps are simulated in a non‐linear way. The FKM guideline is used to assess fatigue life and crack initiation with detailed subsequent experimental verification. Even if small cracks occur, residual compressive stresses prohibit crack growth (nonpropagating crack), which can be analytically verified by fracture mechanical considerations (crack closure effect).
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) expression in multiple renal epithelial tumour subtypes
Authors: Baniak Nicholas , Flood Trevor A , Buchanan Mark , Dal Cin Paola , Hirsch Michelle S
Published: July 2020

Aims

Renal epithelial neoplasms (RENs) can be difficult to subclassify, owing to overlapping morphological features. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a common biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC); however, the sensitivity and specificity across REN subtypes are less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate CA9 expression in RENs, especially those in the differential diagnosis with CCRCC and less common entities, to determine its reliability as a diagnostic biomarker.

Methods and results

CA9 immunostaining was performed on 262 RENs, including 119 CCRCCs and 143 non‐CCRCC. Immunostaining was evaluated as negative (0%), rare (1+, 1–10%), focal (2+, 11–50%), or diffuse (3+, >50%). CCRCCs were 3+ CA9‐positive in 93% of cases; 4% were CA9‐negative. Sixty‐seven percent of papillary renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) were 1+/2+ CA9‐positive, whereas 33% were CA9‐negative. Chromophobe RCCs were nearly always CA9‐negative (93%), with 7% showing rare cell reactivity. Clear cell tubulopapillary RCCs (CCTPRCCs) were consistently 3+ CA9‐positive, but with a cup‐like staining pattern. Fifty‐three percent of Xp11.2 RCCs were CA9‐negative; however, 6% were 3+ CA9‐positive and 12% were 2+ CA9‐positive. Two of eight fumarate hydratase‐deficient RCCs were 3+ CA9‐positive. A small subset of the remaining RCCs showed rare to focal CA9 expression. All oncocytomas and eosinophilic solid and cystic RCCs were CA9‐negative.

Conclusions

Overall, diffuse CA9 expression was identified in nearly all CCRCCs and in all CCTPRCCs (high sensitivity); however, CA9 was not entirely specific. At least focal CA9 expression can been seen in a subset of many RCCs, and such findings should be taken into consideration with other morphological, immunophenotypic and clinical findings.
Gene fusion characterisation of rare aggressive prostate cancer variants—adenosquamous carcinoma, pleomorphic giant‐cell carcinoma, and sarcomatoid carcinoma: an analysis of 19 cases
Authors: Alhamar Mohamed , Tudor Vladislav I , Smith Steven C , Gao Yuan , Cheng Liang , Favazza Laura A , Alani Ali M , Ittmann Michael M , Riddle Nicole D , Whiteley Lisa J , Gupta Nilesh S , Carskadon Shannon , Gomez‐Gelvez Juan C , Chitale Dhananjay A , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Hes Ondrej , Trpkov Kiril , Williamson Sean R
Published: July 2020

Aims

To evaluate the molecular underpinnings of the rare aggressive prostate cancer variants adenosquamous carcinoma, pleomorphic giant‐cell carcinoma, and sarcomatoid carcinoma.

Methods and results

We retrieved 19 tumours with one or more variant(s), and performed ERG immunohistochemistry, a next‐generation sequencing assay targeting recurrent gene fusions, and fluorescencein‐situhybridisation (FISH) forERGandBRAF. Divergent differentiation included: sarcomatoid carcinoma (n = 10), adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 7), and pleomorphic giant‐cell carcinoma (n = 7). Five patients had more than one variant. Four had variants only in metastases.ERGrearrangement was detected in nine (47%, seven via sequencing, showingTMPRSS2–ERGfusions and oneGRHL2–ERGfusion, and two via FISH, showing rearrangement via deletion). ERG was immunohistochemically positive in the adenocarcinoma in eight of nine (89%) patients, but was immunohistochemically positive in the variant in only five of nine patients (56%, typically decreased). One patient had a false‐positive ERG immunohistochemical result in the sarcomatoid component despite a negative FISH result. Two (11%) harbouredBRAFfusions (FAM131A–BRAFandSND1–BRAF).

Conclusions

ERGfusions are present in these rare prostate cancer variants with a frequency close to that in conventional prostate cancer (9/19, 47%). ERG immunohistochemistry usually detects rearrangement in the adenocarcinoma, but is less sensitive for the variant histology, with weak to negative staining. Adenosquamous and sarcomatoid variants can, particularly, occur together. Molecular assessment may be an additional tool in selected cases to confirm the prostatic origin of unusual tumours. The presence of twoBRAFrearrangements suggests that this gene fusion may be enriched in this setting, as RAF kinase fusions have been previously reported in 1–2% of prostate cancers.
Performance of the Sysmex White Precursor Channel to discover circulating leukemic blast cells
Authors: Sejrup Jesper , Pedersen David M. , Phillipsen Jens P. , Nielsen Jesper Ø. , Koch Sheila P. R. , Smith Julie
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Circulating immature precursor cells indicate malignant diseases like acute myeloid or lymphoid leukemia, and blast cells are key finds for disease management. Automatized cell counters are an essential contemporary appliance for blast detection, but false‐positive samples remain challenging in terms of time and resources. To reduce this issue, the White Precursor Channel (WPC) was introduced to Sysmex XN series; however, sensitivity may reduce when accommodating low specificity. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate WPC blast alarm flag performance with regard to detecting blast cells.

Methods

At two major Danish hospitals, random blood samples were collected from the routine setting   in a four‐week period and analyzed on WPC XN20 (Sysmex, Japan). Results were compared with manual differential white blood cell count (Manual WBCC) assisted by CellaVisionDM96.

Results

In 117 samples, we found 0.2 to 34.4% blasts, WPC blast flag specificity = 82% and a low sensitivity = 40%. However, other XN alarm flags forwarded samples to Manual WBCC, so blast cells were detected despite missing a specific blast flag: With all alarm flags, combined sensitivity increased to 88%. Overall, the WPC application stopped 18% of the 117 samples going to Manual WBCC (three false negatives). Q values are arbitrary probability measurements for the blast flag, and in five samples (0.5 to 47.3% blasts) imprecision ranged from 5.3 to 122 CV%.

Conclusions

WPC blast alarm flags are imprecise and inaccurate, especially when blast counts are low. However, the XN20 will alarm samples with other flags so that most samples containing blast cells will be manually reviewed after all. Hence, the presented flag types should not bias the decisions of manual reviewers.