bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Necessity of revascularization for acute mesenteric ischemia in symptomatic patients with spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery
Authors: Otsuka Hiroyuki , Uehata Atsushi , Sakurai Keiji , Sato Toshiki , Aoki Hiromichi , Nakagawa Yoshihide
Published: August 2019

Objectives

We evaluated the necessity of revascularization for acute mesenteric ischemia in symptomatic patients with spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery.

Methods

This retrospective study included 28 consecutive, symptomatic patients with spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery treated at our hospital between December 2005 and December 2017. Patients with concomitant aortic dissection were excluded. We reviewed the patients’ clinical presentation; laboratory evaluations; computed tomography findings, including the true lumen residual ratio (i.e., the minimum true lumen size compared to the diameter of the transverse section of the dissected artery) at the time of admission; the number of patients who were suspected of having bowel ischemia; and the number of patients who required surgical or endovascular treatment and their outcomes. Additionally, to evaluate the true lumen residual ratio in symptomatic patients with bowel ischemia, the true lumen residual ratio in those with abnormal laboratory data were compared with that in those without abnormal laboratory data. Initial true lumen residual ratio values were also compared with final values. Furthermore, we assessed the clinical details of patients who had bowel necrosis. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test, and continuous values were presented as either the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range 25–75%). Variables were analyzed using Student’s t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

The patients’ age ranged between 41 and 85 years, and 25 were men. Although nine patients were suspected of having acute mesenteric ischemia, only one underwent bowel resection. None of the patients had an indication for revascularization. The true lumen residual ratio of the nine patients with abnormal laboratory data were significantly lower than those of the 19 without abnormal laboratory data (10 [0–25]% vs. 40 [20–50]%, p = 0.005). The patient who underwent bowel resection had a true lumen residual ratio of 10%; however, there was no obvious abnormal laboratory data suggestive of bowel necrosis. Dissections were managed conservatively in all patients. True lumen residual ratio increased from initial value of 30 (10–48)% to 98 (60-100)%at the final imaging study ( p < 0.0001). There were no adverse events related to the mesenteric circulation during the follow-up period of 2–11 years.

Conclusions

Reintervention is rarely required for spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery, even in symptomatic patients, and spontaneous resolution of the luminal compromise is the rule.
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 7,4’-O-modified genistein amino acid derivatives
Authors: Zeng Yao-Fu , Duan Yu-Qin , Liao Lanqing , Long Xiaokang , Gao Cheng , Wen Xianghao
Published: August 2019

Fifteen 7,4’- O-modified genistein amino acid derivatives are synthesized through nucleophilic substitution and hydrolysis, followed by condensation with diverse amino acid esters. The antiproliferative activity of all the synthesized compounds is evaluated against three cancer cell lines (MGC-803, HeLa, HCT-116) and one normal cell line (HUVEC) using 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) as the positive control. The results show that methyl [2-({5-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-{[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino}-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl]-4-oxo-4 H-chromen-7-yl}oxy)acetyl] tyrosinate exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against the MGC-803 cell line with an IC50 value of 8.52 µM, and its inhibitory effects on HeLa and HCT-116 cancer cells are stronger than that of the positive control drug 5-Fu.
iNOS/Arginase-1 expression in the pulmonary tissue over time during Cryptococcus gattii infection
Authors: Oliveira-Brito Patrícia Kellen Martins , Rezende Caroline Patini , Almeida Fausto , Roque-Barreira Maria Cristina , da Silva Thiago Aparecido
Published: August 2019

Inhalation of Cryptococcus gattii yeasts (causing cryptococcosis) triggers an anti-cryptococcal immune response initiated by macrophages, neutrophils or dendritic cells, and the iNOS expressed by various cells may regulate the function and differentiation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we evaluated the effect of progression of C. gattii infection on the host innate immune response. C. gattii infection in BALB/c mice spreads to several organs by 21 d post infection. The numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of C. gattii–infected mice were remarkably altered on that day. The frequency of CD11b+ cells and cell concentrations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly altered in the pulmonary tissue of infected mice. We found a higher frequency of CD11b+/iNOS+ cells in the lungs of infected mice, accompanied by an increase in frequency of CD11b+/Arginase-1+ cells over time. Moreover, the iNOS/Arginase-1 expression ratio in CD11b+ cells reached its lowest value at 21 d post infection. In addition, the cytokine micro-environment in infected lungs did not show a pro-inflammatory profile. Surprisingly, iNOS knock-out prolonged the survival of infected mice, while their pulmonary fungal burden was higher than that of infected WT mice. Thus, C. gattii infection alters the immune response in the pulmonary tissue, and iNOS expression may play a key role in infection progression.
“Enfermarse aquí es un lujo”: prácticas y perspectivas en la atención de enfermedades entre inmigrantes yucatecos en el sur de California
Authors: Valdez Tah Alba Rocío
Published: August 2019

Resumen:

Este estudio se enfoca en cómo un grupo de inmigrantes originarios del estado de Yucatán, en México, y quienes viven en el sur de California, atienden las enfermedades que les aquejan y cómo articulan sus prácticas de atención con sus condiciones socioeconómicas, su estatus migratorio y acceso a los servicios de salud institucionales. La metodología elegida fue de corte cualitativo, a través de entrevistas se recopilaron datos etnográficos analizados con el software MAXQDA12. Las modalidades de las trayectorias en la búsqueda de atención son complejas al ser articulaciones a través de las cuales los entrevistados enfrentan las barreras estructurales para acceder a servicios médicos, y por constituirse al mismo tiempo como una síntesis dinámica de los sistemas de conocimiento científico y del saber popular. Las limitantes estructurales son mayormente prevalentes en el acceso de servicios médicos a partir del segundo nivel y son más profundas entre los participantes indocumentados. El trabajo reflexiona sobre el impacto estructural de la política pública en salud y de la política migratoria sobre las modalidades de atención, sobre las condiciones de salud de los participantes, y sobre las implicaciones de los hallazgos en las estrategias de promoción a la salud en el contexto de migración internacional.
Mobile technology and cumulative trauma symptomology among millennials
Authors: Short Nathan , Blair Madison , Crowell Chloe , Loewenstein Abby , Lynch Annie , Nakum Ravina , Warner Allyson
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Technology use among the millennial population is increasing and related postural compromise may lead to cumulative trauma disorder symptomology. The aim of this study was to explore trends of hand-held mobile technology use and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorder symptomology among a sample of millennials.

Methods

A convenience sample of graduate students ( n = 42) was used for the study. Demographic and technology use information was obtained through self-report using the smartphone screen time tracking feature. Cumulative trauma disorder symptomology was assessed through administration of various orthopedic special tests.

Results

On average, participants spent 2 h and 23 min per day using hand-held mobile devices. Out of 42 participants, 54.8% tested positive for at least one orthopedic special test. The symptomatic group spent 2 h and 29 min using hand-held mobile devices, while the asymptomatic group spent 2 h and 4 min. The most common positive orthopedic special tests were Finkelstein’s test ( n = 19; 36%), hyperabduction (Wright’s) test ( n = 13; 25%), and the elbow flexion test ( n = 10; 18.9%), indicating symptoms associated with De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, thoracic outlet syndrome, and cubital tunnel syndrome, respectively.

Discussion

Results were consistent with prior research on time spent using hand-held mobile technology and cumulative trauma disorder among millennials. Additionally, a difference in mean time spent using mobile technology between the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups was found, suggesting a relationship which warrants further research.
High prevalence of cardiac dysfunction or overt heart failure in 71-year-old men: A 21-year follow-up of “The Study of men born in 1943”
Authors: Chen Xiaojing , Thunström Erik , Hansson Per-Olof , Rosengren Annika , Mandalenakis Zacharias , Zhong You , Ergatoudes Constantinos , Caidahl Kenneth , Fu Michael
Published: August 2019

Background

Knowledge about long-term risk factors and the prevalence of heart failure stages in general population is limited. We aimed to study the prevalence of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in 71-year-old men and potential risk factors in the past two decades.

Design

This research was based on a randomized selected population study with longitudinal follow-up.

Methods

A random sample of men born in 1943 in Gothenburg, Sweden were examined in 1993 (at 50 years of age) and re-examined 21 years later in 2014 (at 71 years of age). Cardiac dysfunction or heart failure was classified into four stages (A–D) according to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines on heart failure.

Results

Of the 798 men examined in 1993 (overall cohort), 535 (67%) were re-examined in 2014 (echo cohort). In the echo cohort 122 (23%) men had normal cardiac function, 135 (25%) were at stage A, 207 (39%) men were at stage B, 66 (12%) men were at stage C, and five (1%) men were at stage D. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that elevated body mass index at 50 years old was the only independent risk factor for developing heart failure/cardiac dysfunction during the subsequent 21 years. For each unit (1 kg/m2) of increased body mass index, the odds ratio for stages C/D heart failure vs no heart failure/stage A increased by 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.31, p < 0.001), after adjustment for smoking, sedentary life style, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.

Conclusion

In a random sample of men at 71 years of age, half presented with either cardiac dysfunction or clinical heart failure. High body mass index was associated with an increased risk for developing cardiac dysfunction or heart failure over a 21-year period.
Prognostic comparison of the FRIEND and Wasserman/Hansen peak VO2 equations applied to a submaximal walking test in outpatients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Chiaranda Giorgio , Myers Jonathan , Arena Ross , Kaminsky Leonard , Sassone Biagio , Pasanisi Giovanni , Mandini Simona , Mazzoni Gianni , Grazzi Giovanni
Published: August 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the ability to predict all-cause mortality using established per cent-predicted (%PRED) equations for peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) estimated by a submaximal walk test in outpatients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Male patients (N = 1491) aged 62 ± 10 years at baseline underwent a moderate and perceptually regulated (11–13 on the 6–20 Borg scale) 1-km treadmill-walking test to estimate VO2peak. %PRED was derived from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: A National Data Base (FRIEND) and the Wasserman/Hansen equations.

Results

There were 215 deaths during a median 9.4-year follow-up. The FRIEND prediction equation provided better prognostic information with receiver operating curve analysis showing significantly different areas under the curve (0.72 and 0.69 for the FRIEND and the Wasserman/Hansen equations respectively, p = 0.001). Overall mortality rate was higher across decreasing tertiles of %PRED using FRIEND, with 26%, 11% and 5% for the least fit, intermediate and high fit tertiles, respectively (p for trend < 0.0001). Compared with the least fit tertile, the adjusted hazard ratios for the second and third tertiles were 0.54 (95% confidence interval 0.34–0.87, p = 0.01) and 0.45 (95% confidence interval 0.25–0.81, p = 0.008), respectively. Each 1% increase in %PRED conferred a 3% improvement in survival (p = 0.0004).

Conclusion

Low %PRED VO2peak in cardiac outpatients determined by the FRIEND equation was associated with a high mortality rate independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and clinical history. The FRIEND equation may provide a suitable normal standard when applied to clinically stable outpatients with cardiovascular disease.
Sex differences in crude mortality rates and predictive value of intensive care unit-based scores when applied to the cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Herscovici Romana , Mirocha James , Salomon Jed , Merz Noel B , Cercek Bojan , Goldfarb Michael
Published: August 2019

Background:

Limited data exists regarding sex differences in outcome and predictive accuracy of intensive care unit-based scoring systems when applied to cardiac intensive care unit patients.

Methods:

We reviewed medical records of patients admitted to cardiac intensive care unit from 1 January 2011–31 December 2016. Sex differences in mortality rates and the performance of intensive care unit-based scoring systems in predicting in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Calibration was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing curves. Discrimination was assessed using the c statistic and receiver-operating characteristic curve.

Results:

Among 6963 patients, 2713 (39%) were women. Overall in-hospital and cardiac intensive care unit mortality rates were similar in women and men (9.1% vs 9.4%, p=0.67 and 5.9% vs 6%, p=0.88, respectively) and in age and major diagnosis subgroups. Of the scoring systems, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment had poor calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p value <0.001), while Simplified Acute Physiology Score II performed better (Hosmer-Lemeshow p value 0.09), in both women and men. All scores had good discrimination (C statistics >0.8). In the subgroups of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure patients, all scores had good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p>0.001) and discrimination (C statistic >0.8) while in diagnosis subgroups with highest mortality, the calibration varied among scores and by sex, and discrimination was poor.

Conclusions:

No sex differences in mortality were seen in cardiac intensive care unit patients. The mortality predictive value of intensive care unit-based scores is limited in both sexes and variable among different subgroups of diagnoses.
The prevalence of headaches, pain, and other associated symptoms in different Persian Gulf deployment periods and deployment durations
Authors: Lei Karen , Metzger-Smith Valerie , Golshan Shahrokh , Javors Jennifer , Leung Albert
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

This study aims to assess (1) the difference in the prevalence of headaches, pain, and other associated symptoms between Gulf War I (1990–1991) and Post-Gulf War I (1992–2015) veterans who served as active military personnel in the Persian Gulf and (2) how the durations of deployment may affect the prevalence of those symptoms.

Methods:

With institutional human subject committee approval, veterans who were accepted to the Gulf War Registry at the VA San Diego Healthcare System between July 2013 and June 2015 ( N = 367) were included in this retrospective chart review study and grouped according to the Gulf War period they served under or how long they were deployed to the Persian Gulf. Chi-square was used for categorical data analyses and analysis of variance was conducted for continuous outcomes. All analyses were two-tailed, where applicable, with α = 0.05 and Bonferroni for pairwise group comparisons.

Results:

Veterans who served during Post-Gulf War I or both Gulf War I and Post-Gulf War I exhibited more pain and neurological symptoms than Gulf War I veterans ( p = 0.005, p = 0.003). In addition, veterans who served ⩾12 months reported more overall pain symptoms and analgesic use than those who served less time ( p < 0.001, p = 0.024).

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that the length of deployment and Persian Gulf deployment period may play a role in acquiring headaches, pain, and other associated symptoms with increased analgesic consumption.
Clinical management of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Pape Simon , Schramm Christoph , Gevers Tom JG
Published: August 2019

Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare and chronic liver disease that is characterised by increased serum transaminases and immunoglobulin G, inflammatory liver histology and presence of circulating autoantibodies. An autoimmune hepatitis diagnosis justifies life‐long treatment in most patients in order to prevent development of cirrhosis and end‐stage liver disease. The cornerstone of treatment is steroid induction therapy followed by maintenance therapy with azathioprine, which is effective in most cases. For patients who do not respond to standard treatment, second‐line treatment with other immunosuppressants can be effective. Treatment should be aimed at biochemical remission of the disease, which is defined as normalization of transaminases and immunoglobulin G. Patients should be monitored intensively during the first months of treatment in order to monitor side‐effects, assess symptoms and individualise treatment. Specialist consultation should be sought in difficult‐to‐treat patients. Future studies and networking initiatives should result in optimization of current treatment strategies in autoimmune hepatitis.
A qualitative study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to adopting digital health technology
Authors: Slevin Patrick , Kessie Threase , Cullen John , Butler Marcus W. , Donnelly Seamas C , Caulfield Brian
Published: August 2019

Objective

Non-adherence to self-management plans in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in poorer outcomes for patients. Digital health technology (DHT) promises to support self-management by enhancing the sense of control patients possess over their disease. COPD digital health studies have yet to show significant evidence of improved outcomes for patients, with many user-adoption issues still present in the literature. To help better address the adoption needs of COPD patients, this paper explores their perceived barriers and facilitators to the adoption of DHT.

Methods

A sample of convenience was chosen and patients ( n = 30) were recruited from two Dublin university hospitals. Each patient completed a qualitative semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis of the data was performed using NVivo 12 software.

Results

Barrier sub-themes included lack of perceived usefulness, digital literacy, illness perception, and social context; facilitator sub-themes included existing digital self-efficacy, personalised education, and community-based support.

Conclusion

The findings represent a set of key considerations for researchers and clinicians to inform the design of patient-centred study protocols that aim to account for the needs and preferences of patients in the development of implementation and adoption strategies for DHT in COPD.
The Piano Keyboard as Task Constraint: Timing Patterns of Pianists’ Scales Persist Across Instruments
Authors: Lipke-Perry Tracy , Dutto Darren J. , Levy Morris
Published: August 2019

Variation in one form or another is an inevitable aspect of human motor performance as the body negotiates the degrees of freedom problem while also adapting to ever-changing task constraints. The constraints to action model suggests that movement patterns arise from within a framework of environmental, task, and personal constraints. Like athletes, musicians adapt to a wide variety of constraints such as the presence and effect of spectators; acoustics in different performing spaces; humidity affecting tuning; and interpersonal interactions characterizing chamber and ensemble music. A crucial constraint particular to piano performance is adapting to the unique attributes of a wide variety of keyboard instruments. Pianists often refer to the distinct “feel” of a particular instrument: its responsiveness and sensitivity; key resistance; and the evenness and predictability of the instrument. Movement control both within and across pianos is essential for optimal performance, and in that sense, each instrument presents a type of task constraint. In this study, seven pianists performed 10 bimanual, two-octave, C major scales on 3 different piano keyboards to facilitate comparison of performance characteristics across instruments. Pianists performed 4 keystrokes per second, paced by a metronome set at 60 BPM. No timing differences were observed among keyboards as consistent patterns emerged, specifically anticipatory adjustments prior to thumb strokes. These results suggest that pianists are able to produce performances of similar musical structure across different instruments.
Lefebvre’s Production of Space in the Context of Turkey: A Comprehensive Literature Survey
Authors: Ghulyan Husik
Published: August 2019

This article presents a comprehensive survey of applications of Henri Lefebvre’s theorizations on space in the Turkish context. Through an intensive search and screening of the literature, this article “maps” relevant studies in terms of research topic, geographic and historical scope, and the conceptual framework and concepts used while presenting the general trends and patterns of applications of Lefebvrean space frameworks in the Turkish context. According to the main argument of the study, although there have been intensive applications of various Lefebvrean conceptualizations on space for the case of Turkey, in most of the relevant scholarship, the focus has been on the spatial triad framework or its various components, rather than on a systematic and comprehensive contextualization of the theory.
Validity of the International Prostate Symptoms Score in predicting urinary retention after joint replacement
Authors: Santini Alasdair JA , Jakaraddi Chetan A , Polydoros Fotis , Metikala Sree
Published: August 2019

Postoperative urinary retention necessitating catheterization after major lower limb arthroplasty surgery adds to the patients’ postoperative discomfort and increases the risk of urinary tract infection with potential risk of transient bacteraemia and seeding of infection to prosthetic joints. Preoperative evaluation of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms may help to identify at-risk patients and the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) has been used as a screening tool to quantify the severity of symptoms in males. A prospective cohort of 303 patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty was evaluated using the IPSS. Patients were categorized into three symptom groups (mild, moderate and severe based on scores of 0–7, 8–18 and greater than 18, respectively) and four age groups (<50 years, 51–60 years, 61–70 years and greater than 70 years). Twenty-six patients (8.6%) developed urinary retention and were catheterized postoperatively; of these, 16 were male and 10 were female. Statistical analysis using logistic regression models showed significant association between severe IPSS scores (>18) and urinary retention requiring catheterization in both males and females with both high specificity and sensitivity in the test in predicting postoperative catheterization. Hence, this test is a valid preoperative screen in predicting postoperative catheterization.
Elaborating Funds of Knowledge: Community-Oriented Practices in International Contexts
Authors: Moll Luis C.
Published: August 2019

This article discusses a sociocultural approach we have developed, which we refer to as funds of knowledge. The emphasis of the funds of knowledge work has been to develop both theory and methods through which educators can approach and document the funds of knowledge of families and re-present them on the bases of the knowledge, resources, and strengths they possess, thus challenging deficit orientations that are so dominant, in particular, in the education of working-class children. In this article, I present a translocation view of funds of knowledge and what we can learn theoretically and methodologically from this body of work. I review four studies conducted in different countries and sociocultural contexts. In each context, the researchers reorient the concept of funds of knowledge to address issues germane to their settings. The four studies from New Zealand, Spain, Australia, and Uganda used funds of knowledge to generate new ideas and positionalities regarding work with teachers, students, and families. None of the projects simply replicated the original studies conducted in the United States. The four studies documented empirically and represent pedagogically families and students as resourceful and helped educators arrange environments that are academically sound and strongly oriented to building on such resources for learning.
Research paper classification systems based on TF-IDF and LDA schemes
Authors: Kim Sang-Woon , Gil Joon-Min
Published: August 2019

With the increasing advance of computer and information technologies, numerous research papers have been published online as well as offline, and as new research fields have been continuingly created, users have a lot of trouble in finding and categorizing their interesting research papers. In order to overcome the limitations, this paper proposes a research paper classification system that can cluster research papers into the meaningful class in which papers are very likely to have similar subjects. The proposed system extracts representative keywords from the abstracts of each paper and topics by Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) scheme. Then, the K-means clustering algorithm is applied to classify the whole papers into research papers with similar subjects, based on the Term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) values of each paper.
Super Fly: François Makandal’s Colonial Semiotics
Authors: Allewaert Monique
Published: August 2019

In this article I collate vernacular and elite academic stories about François Makandal, focusing particularly on his production of fetishes, which I (following his usage) call macandal. I show that the codes at work in macandal artifacts involve a materialism and semiotics that together constitute a critical methodology. I then use the methodology at work in macandal artifacts to read one key piece of the archive pertaining to Makandal: his judge and executioner Sébastien-Jacques Courtin’s Mémoire.
The Plantation Countermelodies of Dunbar and Du Bois: Writing Agropolitical Subjecthood in the Nadir
Authors: Child Benjamin
Published: August 2019

With attention to representations of the land and labor in the postslavery agricultural South of the nadir—a period when American apartheid was at its most violent—this essay uses Paul Laurence Dunbar’s plantation poems and W. E. B. Du Bois’s cotton novel, The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), to explore counternarratives of black subjecthood. Agriculture’s focus on productive collaborations with the nonhuman, on cycles of decay and rebirth, and on the potential for self-determination provides a generative vocabulary for conceptualizing nadir-era experiences of the human. Under this model, literature provides a venue wherein the legacies of the plantation might be imaginatively transposed from a Jim Crow necropolitics of violent constraint and dispossession into vectors of agropolitical possibility. To that end, the essay uses Dunbar and Du Bois to propose potentially radical processes of black subject formation wherein physical and imaginative instances of reclamation give rise to fresh mergers of epistemic and embodied selfhood.
Impact of CBCT on treatment decision related to surgical removal of impacted maxillary third molars: does CBCT change the surgical approach?
Authors: Hermann Louise , Wenzel Ann , Schropp Lars , Matzen Louise Hauge
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

To assess factors influencing treatment decision for maxillary third molars referred for cone beam CT (CBCT). Parameters influencing the decision to treat and to remove either the maxillary second molar or third molar were pursued.

Methods:

111 impacted maxillary third molars, clinically examined including a panoramic image, in 86 patients (mean age 26 years, range 15–55) were referred for CBCT on suspicion of pathology/root resorption in the second molar, based on information in the panoramic image. The following parameters were assessed from the patient’s file, including the radiographic images: (1) third molar angulation; (2) initial treatment plan based on clinical examination and the panoramic image; (3) diagnoses based on information from CBCT; (4) treatment decision after additional CBCT information was available; (5) pre-/post-operative complications; (6) treatment of the maxillary second molar.

Results:

70 cases (63.1%) underwent treatment, while 41 (36.9%) received no treatment. Change in treatment plan was registered in 65 cases (58.6%) after CBCT. In 12 cases (10.8%), treatment changed from removal of the third to removal of the second molar, while 25 (22.5%) were scheduled for removal in the initial treatment plan; but after CBCT, the decision was not to treat. If external root resorption involved the pulp of the second molar, there was an almost 17 times higher risk that this tooth was removed instead of the third molar (logistic regression analysis: odds ratio 16.8; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Findings in CBCT often changed the treatment plan. Severe external root resorption observed in CBCT was the main decisive factor for removing the second instead of the third molar.
Evaluation of methods to assign cell type labels to cell clusters from single-cell RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Diaz-Mejia J. Javier , Meng Elaine C. , Pico Alexander R. , MacParland Sonya A. , Ketela Troy , Pugh Trevor J. , Bader Gary D. , Morris John H.
Published: August 2019

Background: Identification of cell type subpopulations from complex cell mixtures using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data includes automated steps from normalization to cell clustering. However, assigning cell type labels to cell clusters is often conducted manually, resulting in limited documentation, low reproducibility and uncontrolled vocabularies. This is partially due to the scarcity of reference cell type signatures and because some methods support limited cell type signatures.

Methods: In this study, we benchmarked five methods representing first-generation enrichment analysis (ORA), second-generation approaches (GSEA and GSVA), machine learning tools (CIBERSORT) and network-based neighbor voting (METANEIGHBOR), for the task of assigning cell type labels to cell clusters from scRNA-seq data. We used five scRNA-seq datasets: human liver, 11 Tabula Muris mouse tissues, two human peripheral blood mononuclear cell datasets, and mouse retinal neurons, for which reference cell type signatures were available. The datasets span Drop-seq, 10X Chromium and Seq-Well technologies and range in size from ~3,700 to ~68,000 cells.

Results: Our results show that, in general, all five methods perform well in the task as evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (average area under the curve (AUC) = 0.91, sd = 0.06), whereas precision-recall analyses show a wide variation depending on the method and dataset (average AUC = 0.53, sd = 0.24). We observed an influence of the number of genes in cell type signatures on performance, with smaller signatures leading more frequently to incorrect results.

Conclusions: GSVA was the overall top performer and was more robust in cell type signature subsampling simulations, although different methods performed well using different datasets. METANEIGHBOR and GSVA were the fastest methods. CIBERSORT and METANEIGHBOR were more influenced than the other methods by analyses including only expected cell types. We provide an extensible framework that can be used to evaluate other methods and datasets at https://github.com/jdime/scRNAseq_cell_cluster_labeling.
a guide to upcoming policy changes 2019: What's in store
Authors: Crown Hannah
Published: August 2019

A swathe of new big policy documents are hitting the early years sector from September, starting with the new inspection framework. Hannah Crown has a handy summary of what is happening and when
Nutritional composition of aquatic plants and their potential for use as animal feed: A case study of the Lower Volta Basin, Ghana
Authors: ETSE WEMEGAH JOSHUA , ANNANG TED Y. , AYIVOR JESSE S.
Published: August 2019

Etse WJ, Annang T, Ayivor JS. 2018. Nutritional composition of aquatic plants and their potential for use as animal feed: a case study of the Lower Volta Basin, Ghana. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 9: 99-112. The study was conducted to determine the nutritional composition of selected dominant aquatic plants and their significant effect on the chemical and physical characteristics of the water. Aquatic plants namely Nymphaea lotus, Typha australis, Ipomoea aquatica, and Scirpus cubensis were collected, identified and authenticated at the Ghana Herbarium. The proximate nutritional compositions of these plants were measured using the standard procedure outlined in the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC 2002). Water and sediment quality analyses of some physicochemical variables were also carried out using processes described in the standard methods for water and wastewater examination. The results showed that nutrient composition such as the crude protein, ether extracts, ash content, and nitrogen-free extracts was significantly higher than the corresponding constituents in Panicum maximum used as a control for the study. The findings also indicated that levels of heavy metals in all plants fell within the WHO/FAO standards for metals in vegetables and food. The effects of the physicochemical parameter of water also revealed that pH, nitrate, turbidity, DO, and BOD levels were found significantly different from the control site. The level of heavy metal in the sediment samples revealed significant variations in the distribution of the metals, with Zn showing the most significant difference and Pb the least with a mean level of 7.5±0.86 mg/L and 0.4±0.03 mg/L respectively. These plant species suggests having a high nutritive potential and indicates their possible use as mixed ingredients in animal feed. Exploitation of these aquatic plants for animal feed would be a step towards better utilization of these plants help in the management of aquatic plants within the basin.
The relevance of R. D. Laing to the AI movement and to media ecology more generally: Projection and the feeling of being understood
Authors: Anton Corey
Published: August 2019

This article is a celebration of Laing, Phillipson and Lee’s Interpersonal Perception and a staunch critique of Levy’s Love and Sex with Robots. It explores how relationships with others mediate self-understanding and interpersonal interaction. Furthermore, by appropriating relevant insights from Laing and his colleagues and re-contextualizing them within a larger media ecological framework, the article seeks to reveal the deep challenges and complexities faced by those who would engage in ‘interpersonal relationships’ with ‘sociable robots’ and/or ‘artificial intelligences’.
In vitro study of ivermectin efficiency against the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, among cattle herds in El-Beheira, Egypt
Authors: Batiha Gaber E. , El-Far Ali H. , El-Mleeh Amany A. , Alsenosy Abdelwahab A. , Abdelsamei Eman K. , Abdel-Daim Mohamed M. , El-Sayed Yasser S. , Shaheen Hazem M.
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim: Ivermectin (IVM) has been used in veterinary practice to control different parasitic infestations over the past two decades. This study aimed to re-assess the acaricidal effects of IVM, as well as to evaluate its efficacy against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus by determining the mortality rate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level, and oxidative/ antioxidative homeostasis (malondialdehyde [MDA] levels and glutathione S-transferase [GST] activities). Materials and Methods: Adult females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus were picked from cattle farms in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Ticks were equally allocated to seven experimental groups to assess the acaricidal potential of IVM chemotherapeutics in controlling R. (B.) annulatus. IVM was prepared at three concentrations (11.43, 17.14, and 34.28 μM of IVM). Results: Mortality rate was calculated among the treated ticks. In addition, GABA, GST, and MDA biomarker levels were monitored. The data revealed a noticeable change in GST activity, a detoxification enzyme found in R. (B.) annulatus, through a critical elevation in mortality percentage. Conclusion: IVM-induced potent acaricidal effects against R. (B.) annulatus by repressing GST activity for the initial 24 h after treatment. Collectively, this paper reports the efficacy of IVM in a field population of R. (B.) annulatus in Egypt. Keywords: acaricidal, glutathione S-transferase, ivermectin, malondialdehyde, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, γ-aminobutyric acid.
Non-genetic factors affecting pre-weaning growth and morphometric traits in Assam Hill goat
Authors: Sarma L. , Nahardeka N. , Goswami R. N. , Aziz A. , Zaman G. , Das A. , Akhtar F.
Published: August 2019

Aim: This study aimed to determine the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting pre-weaning body weight (BW) and morphometry in Assam Hill goat along with the genetic parameters. Materials and Methods: The detailed information in respect of BW and body measurements of 960 animals at birth and 3 months of age belonging to three different populations of Assam Hill goat maintained at field units, namely, Batabari, Nahira, and Tetelia under "All India Coordinated Research Project on Goat Improvement" were utilized in the present study. The data were analyzed using least squares technique. Results: The least squares means for BW, height at withers (HW), heart girth (HG), and body length (BL) were 1.166±0.008 kg, 26.198±0.070 cm, 26.695±0.096 cm, and 29.482±0.119 cm at birth and 4.590±0.083 kg, 36.850±0.105 cm, 40.741±0.115 cm, and 39.703±0.108 cm at 3 months of age, respectively. Location had a significant effect on BW, HW, and BL at both birth and 3 months and on HG at 3 months of age. Season of birth exerted significant effect only on BL at birth, whereas the significant effect of sex was observed on HG and BL at 3 months of age. The heritability estimates for BW and body measurements were moderate indicating the scope of selection. The phenotypic and genetic correlations among BWs and body measurements at birth and 3 months of age were positive in direction and high in magnitude. Conclusion: On the basis of the present findings, it could be concluded that the weaning weight of kids can be considered for the selection of parent stock to increase productivity and eventually the economic efficiency. Further, animals with higher body measurements at initial phases of growth will perform better with respect to even BW at later stages of growth. Keywords: Assam Hill goat, genetic parameters, morphometric traits, non-genetic factors, pre-weaning growth.
DIREITO ROMANO E CONSTITUCIONALISMO GLOBAL
Authors: Osle Rafael Domingo
Published: August 2019

O paralelo entre questões contemporâneas e história romana muitasvezes fascina e ilumina. Neste artigo, argumento que o direito romano, que foi uma das várias fontes de inspiração para os fundadores americanos, pode servir hoje como uma inspiração para o constitucionalismo global. Olhar para o direito romano ajuda a reduzir certos preconceitos derivados do atual privilégio do Estado soberano e do paradigma positivista como os únicos modelos genuínos e possíveis para o direito internacional. Esses preconceitos constituem um verdadeiro obstáculo ao desenvolvimento correto do constitucionalismo global. O constitucionalismo global se move inerentemente para além da soberania, do nacionalismo e do positivismo. O direito romano, que precedeu às noções de soberania, nacionalismoe positivismo, permite aos constitucionalistas eliminar do constitucionalismo global quaisquer elementos não fundacionais derivados de um paradigma altamente estatista. A lei romana também constitui um bom antídoto para qualquer tipo de constitucionalismo global extremo que busque estender a linguagem e os modos do constitucionalismo nacional sem filtrá-los e refiná-los suficientemente.
O REPRESSIVISMO PÓS-MODERNO BRASILEIRO DE ALTA INTENSIDADE. O DIREITO PENAL NA ENCRUZILHADA ENTRE O PENSAR CALCULADOR E A FUNDAMENTAÇÃO ÉTICO-POLÍTICA
Authors: Santos André Leonardo Copetti
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal desvelar a utilização deum modo de pensar calculador na formulação e na justificação das novas políticas penais – repressivismo penal pós-moderno de alta intensidade –, no qual o ser humano é mais um entre vários entes disponíveis para a ação do Estado, em detrimento de uma fundamentação filosófica – antropológica, baseada num pensar meditativo ético, espaço no qual o ser humano e seus principais bens – a vida e a liberdade – assumem posição central no processo discursivo de legitimação/limitação do poder penal estatal. A matriz teórica utilizada para a análise é a fenomenologia hermenêutica e o método, consequentemente, o fenomenológico.
DIREITO À ALIMENTAÇÃO: DIREITO, CONSUMO, POLÍTICA E ÉTICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Rosendo Daniela , Kuhnen Tânia Aparecida
Published: August 2019

O artigo aborda o direito humano à alimentação adequada previstona Constituição Federal e especifica como se constitui a “alimentaçãoadequada” à luz das dimensões ética e política que a permeiam. O objetivo geral é investigar o direito humano à alimentação adequada e às limitações de seu conceito legal, repensado a partir de considerações com origem na reflexão política e ética. A metodologia adotada envolve a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de caráter exploratório. Com base na discussão apresentada sobre o conceito de alimentação adequada, conclui-se que, para além de erradicar a fome, o direito à alimentação deve ser entendido de maneira mais ampla, de modo a pensar também no modo de produção dos alimentos e seus impactos tanto para os humanos quanto para os demais animais sencientes, passando necessariamente por uma reflexão do próprio consumidor, que deveter acesso à informação, a fim de realizar escolhas conscientes.
IMPRESSÕES SOBRE OS RUMOS DO PROCESSO PENAL BRASILEIRO: O QUE VEM POR AÍ?
Authors: Fayet Paulo , Castilhos Tiago Oliveira de
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho visa trazer uma reflexão [em forma de impressõese questionamentos dos autores] sobre o futuro do processo penal no Brasil, a partir das instâncias de acordos como formas de resolução das ações penais, principalmente com a chegada do instituto da colaboração premiada na Lei 12.850/2013, na medida em que a sua aplicação tem causado a desnaturalização do processo penal pátrio, justamente porque direitos estão sendo relativizados, e as regras e os prêmios têm trazido um grau pleno de incertezas e desacertos. Nesse sentido, o crescimento do número de causas penais resolvidas por meio de consensos abre espaço para a atuação dos órgãos da acusação pública, emdetrimento da atuação do Poder Judiciário, que passa a ser um fiscalizador dos acordos e dos prêmios sem a preocupação com a prova e com as questões de mérito da causa e, justamente em razão disso, reafirma a necessidade de se revisitar os sistemas inquisitório e acusatório, bem como as instâncias de um adversarial system, a fim de se estabelecer o que se pretende com as mudanças que já se fazem presentes no nosso ordenamento jurídico.
System of AFIS Officer for Air Navigation Service providers
Authors: Kopp Pavel , Kraus Jakub
Published: August 2019

This paper focuses on the provision of the Aerodrome Flight Information Service (AFIS) in the Czech Republic. It examines the functioning and the requirements on the AFIS from the view of the national audit office. Specially, it examines current requirements for the training system of new AFIS officers. Based on these findings, and by comparing the AFIS with Air traffic control service (ATC), the author of the article attempts to assess whether the current training system and the requirements for the applicants are sufficient by comparing the AFIS with the Air traffic control service. The result of the analysis is the presentation of hypotheses concerning new proposals and recommendations that could be adopted to the training and regulatory framework in accordance to the fact, that AFIS belongs to Air traffic services ATS.
Secondary hypothyroidism in adults: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kienia Tatiana A. , Morgunova Tatiana B. , Fadeyev Valentin V.
Published: August 2019

Secondary hypothyroidism is a rare disease. There is a number of questions and difficulties in diagnosis and management of this condition. There are two forms of secondary hypothyroidism: congenital (casuistic seldom) and acquired. The main causes of secondary hypothyroidism in adults are tumors of the hypothalamic-pituitary region and the state after surgical and radiation effects on this area. Hormonally active and inactive pituitary macroadenomas cause the development of acquired secondary hypothyroidism in more than 50% of cases. The development of secondary hypothyroidism is possible years after the radiotherapy of brain tumors. As well as in case of primary hypothyroidism, the clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism are non-specific. Diagnosis and management of this pathology is often complicated by its combination with the deficiency of other tropic hormones. The diagnosis of secondary hypothyroidism is based on anamnestic data and laboratory tests - the simultaneous determination of the levels of fT4 and TSH. The level of fT4 today is also used as the main marker of the adequacy of the dose of L-T4 in the treatment of secondary hypothyroidism. The results of recent studies help us to optimize replacement therapy in secondary hypothyroidism. However, the use of additional biochemical markers to assess the adequacy of replacement therapy remains unexplored.
Análisis del fenómeno de la trata de personas desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos
Authors: Reina Peñas María
Published: August 2019

La trata de personas es un delito que vulnera gravemente los derechos humanos de las víctimas que pasan a ser invisibles. Está definido por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (2000) como “una secuencia de actividades delictivas cuyo propósito incluye diversas formas de explotación”. Es considerada una forma contemporánea de esclavitud que ha ido evolucionado con el tiempo debido al proceso de la globalización. Este delito tiene distintos fines entre los que se encuentran sobre todo la explotación sexual y la explotación laboral, pero también la esclavitud y prácticas similares, la extracción de órganos, etc. En ocasiones existe cierta confusión entre el delito de trata de personas y otros delitos, por ello es necesario analizarlo desde distintas perspectivas para poder garantizar la protección de las víctimas. En este trabajo se ha hecho una revisión sobre las distintas perspectivas: enfoque de centralización de la víctima, enfoque de criminalización del delito o de lucha contra la delincuencia, enfoque de género y enfoque basado en los derechos humanos. Se ha centrado el estudio en la última perspectiva basada en los derechos humanos por la grave violación de éstos que supone viéndose las víctimas afectadas en todos los aspectos de su esfera jurídica al ser cosificadas.