bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ion‐exchange Properties of γ‐Zirconium Phosphate
Authors: Cheng Yu , bin Samsudin Ismail , Jaenicke Stephan , Chuah Gaik‐Khuan
Published: September 2020

γ‐Zirconium phosphate (γ‐ZrP) has potential as a very useful inorganic ion‐exchanger due to its stability under thermal and acidic conditions. We recently reported its facile synthesis using a modified solventless method, which could make the exploitation of its ion‐exchange properties for cleanup of radioactive materials and extraction of valuable ions feasible. The adsorption isotherms of Rb+ and Sr2+ over γ‐ZrP are described well with the Langmuir model, with maximum adsorption capacity of 1.52 and 1.31 mmol/g, respectively. Both ions adsorb on γ‐ZrP following pseudo‐second order kinetics with a much faster uptake of Rb+ than of Sr2+. γ‐Zirconium phosphate shows very high affinity for Rb+, allowing its enrichment from low‐concentration solutions. Notably, Rb+ is selectively removed from complex solutions containing large amounts of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, or transition metals such as Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+ and Zn2+. The used sorbent can be fully regenerated by nitric acid, enabling the recovery of Rb+.
Highly Exposed Active Sites of Fe/N Co‐doped Defect‐rich Graphene as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Tingwei , Li Zhongfang , Wang Likai , Zhang Shenzhi , Liu Yuepeng , Niu Xueliang
Published: September 2020

A defect‐rich interconnected hierarchical three‐dimensional Fe and N co‐doped graphene has been prepared by a facile synthesis with poly (2,5‐benzimidazole) (ABPBI) as nitrogen and carbon sources and CaCO3 as the template. ABPBI possesses abundant nitrogen, and pyrolysis of ABPBI is helpful to form graphene structure. CaCO3 and its decomposition products CO2 can promote the formation of interconnected hierarchical porous three‐dimensional graphene, which possesses more defects and exposed active sites. Benefiting from the defective catalysis mechanism, rich defect catalysts are applied as electrode materials to enhance the catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Electrochemically, the half‐wave potential (E1/2) of Fe‐3D‐NG#800 is 0.84 V (vs. RHE), and the accelerated durability tests shows the E1/2 of Fe‐3D‐NG#800 shifted by a 21 mV drop after cyclic voltammetry scanning for 5000 cycles. Therefore, Fe‐3D‐NG#800 has excellent activity and durability than 20 wt % Pt/C.
An Activatable and Switchable Nanoaggregate Probe for Detecting H2S and Its Application in Mice Brains
Authors: Qi Ya‐Lin , Chen Li‐Li , Guo Long , Shao Chen‐Wen , Liu Ya‐Ni , Yang Yu‐Shun , He Zhen‐Xiang , Zhu Hai‐Liang
Published: September 2020

Employing a sequentially activated probe design method, an activatable, switchable and dual‐mode probe was designed. This nanoprobe, HSDPP, could be effectively activated by H2S to form H‐type aggregates with green emission; subsequently, the aggregates could bind to mtDNA to form monomers and the emIssion color switched from green to deep‐red. We exploited HSDPP to image exogenous and endogenous H2S in living cells. Of note, for the first time, this novel nanoprobe with an optimal partition coefficient value (LogP=1.269) was successfully applied for tracking the endogenous H2S upregulation stimulated by cystathionase activator S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) in mice brains. Finally, our work provides an invaluable chemical tool for probing endogenous H2S upregulation in vitro/vivo and, importantly, affords a prospective design strategy for developing switchable chemosensors to unveil the relationship between biomolecules and DNA in mitochondria in many promising areas.
Heterogeneity of Visual Preferences for Biological and Repetitive Movements in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Li Tianbi , Li Yewei , Hu Yixiao , Wang Yuyin , Lam Cheuk Man , Ni Wei , Wang Xueqin , Yi Li
Published: September 2020

Previous studies have repeatedly reported atypical visual preferences to repetitive movements and deficient perception of biological movements in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, limited research has investigated the heterogeneity of the visual preferences in individuals with ASD. In the current study, we explored the visual preferences to different movement types (repetitive, biological, and random) in children with ASD using a paired preferential looking paradigm. Thirty‐nine children with ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) children participated in our study, with their eye movements recorded as the index of visual preferences. We examined the differences of visual preferences between the ASD and TD group, and the heterogeneity of visual preferences within the ASD group. We found group differences between children with ASD and TD children: Overall, the ASD group preferred repetitive movements while the TD group preferred biological movements. We also detected heterogeneity of visual preferences within the ASD group: Although the majority of children with ASD preferred repetitive movements as previous studies reported, 9 out of 39 children with ASD preferred biological movements similarly as their TD peers. Moreover, the visual preference patterns were correlated with autistic symptoms, especially the socio‐communicative impairments. Our study provided evidence of heterogeneity of visual attention and main visual preference to repetitive movements in children with ASD. The findings add to the body of literature of the heterogeneous behavioral symptoms and the atypical visual preferences in individuals with ASD.

Lay Summary

The current study examined visual preferences to biological, repetitive, and random movements in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We showed a pair of two videos representing two types of movements (random, repetitive, or biological movements) to children with ASD and typically developing children. We found the main visual preferences for repetitive movements and heterogeneity of visual attention within the ASD group. Our findings provide theoretical and methodological implications for future study of the heterogeneity in the ASD population.
The roasting process does not influence the extent of conjugation of coffee chlorogenic and phenolic acids
Authors: Sanchez‐Bridge Belén , Renouf Mathieu , Sauser Julien , Beaumont Maurice , Actis‐Goretta Lucas
Published: September 2020

Understanding the bioavailability and metabolism of coffee compounds will contribute to identify the unknown biological mechanism(s) linked to their beneficial effects. The influence of the roasting process on the metabolism of coffee chlorogenic acids in humans was evaluated. In a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study, 12 healthy volunteers consumed four instant coffees namely, high roasted coffee (HRC), low roasted coffee (LRC), unroasted coffee (URC), and in vitro hydrolyzed unroasted coffee (HURC). The sum of areas under the curve (AUC) ranged from 8.65–17.6 to 30.9–126 µM/h (P < 0.05) for HRC, LRC, URC, and HURC, respectively. The AUC of HRC, LRC, and URC was correlated with the initial level of phenolic acids in the coffee drinks. Despite different absorption rates, the extent of conjugation was comparable between HRC, LRC, and URC coffees but different for HURC. The most abundant circulating metabolites during the first 5 H were dihydroferulic acid (DHFA), caffeic acid‐3′‐O‐sulfate (CA3S) and isoferulic‐3′‐O‐glucuronide (iFA3G). DHFA and 5‐4‐dihydro‐m‐coumaric acid (mDHCoA) were the main metabolites in the period of 5–24 H. The phenolic compounds after consumption of HURC were most rapidly absorbed (Tmax 1 H) compared with the other coffees (Tmax between 9 and 11 H). Using coffees with different degrees of roasting we highlighted that in spite of different absorption rates the extent of conjugation of phenolic acids was comparable. In addition, by using a hydrolyzed unroasted coffee we demonstrated an increased absorption of phenolic acids in the small intestine. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(3):259–267, 2016
Static and Dynamic Adsorptions of Water Vapor by Cyclic [Zr36] Clusters: Implications for Atmospheric Water Capture Using Molecular Solids
Authors: Choi Jong In , Moon Dohyun , Chun Hyungphil
Published: September 2020

A 36‐nuclear Zr(IV) cluster based on six [Zr6O4(OH)4] units is found to form three different crystal structures depending on synthesis conditions. The cubic phase (ZF‐3c) is obtained when the cyclic clusters are interlinked by Na+ or K+ ions. In the absence of alkali metal ions, either tetragonal (ZF‐3t) or hexagonal (ZF‐3h) packing structures are formed. All the solids remain crystalline after evacuation, and ZF‐3h possesses a permanent porosity. Upon repeated adsorptions of water vapor, the three different molecular solids comprising the same building blocks turn amorphous; however, overall uptake properties are not deteriorated and reproducible isotherms are observed featuring fast uptake at low relative humidity and unrestricted uptake at RH > 90%. A good reproducibility has also been established in cyclic adsorption–desorption measured under dynamic flow conditions, and, especially ZF‐3t displays the working capacity 2.7 times that of zeolite 4A thanks to the fast desorption kinetics.
Sulfiredoxin‐1 is a promising novel prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rao Qian‐Wen , Zhang Shi‐Long , Guo Meng‐Zhou , Yuan Fei‐Fei , Sun Jia‐Lei , Qi Feng , Wang Li‐Shun , Yang Bi‐Wei , Xia Jing‐Lin
Published: September 2020

Identifying novel prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and then, develop an effective individualized treatment strategy remain extremely warranted. The prognostic role of sulfiredoxin‐1(SRXN1), an antioxidant enzyme, remains unknown in HCC. This study aimed to explore the prognostic implications of SRXN1 in HCC patients after partial hepatectomy. The expression of SRXN1 in HCC and normal tissue were analyzed using the patients from the public databases and Zhongshan Hospital. The Cox regression, Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to identify the predictive role of SRXN1 expression on HCC patients. A prognostic nomogram based on SRXN1 expression was constructed and validated to further confirm the predictive power of SRXN1 as a prognostic biomarker. Finally, functional enrichment analysis and protein‐protein interaction network analysis of SRXN1 and its associated genes were conducted. The results showed that SRXN1 was upregulated in HCC samples compared with the normal liver tissues. Patients with SRXN1 upregulation had shorter survival time. SRXN1 overexpression was significantly correlated with advanced clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic nomogram based on SRXN1 expression was proved to be more accurate than routine staging systems for the prediction of overall survival. Protein‐protein interaction network analysis demonstrated the first neighbor genes of SRXN1 mainly participated in response to oxidative stress. In brief, SRXN1 could be a prognostic biomarker for the management of HCC.
Child Maltreatment and Psychiatric Outcomes in Early Adulthood
Authors: Murphy Siobhan , McElroy Eoin , Elklit Ask , Shevlin Mark , Christoffersen Mogens
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to examine the effects of different types of maltreatment on psychiatric outcomes. The second aim was to examine patterns of comorbidity among different types of child maltreatment. Participants were randomly selected from the total birth cohort of all children born in Denmark in 1984. Data were then linked to information drawn from the Danish health and social registries. Four distinct subgroups of child maltreatment were used: no abuse; sexual abuse; emotional abuse; and co‐occurring abuse. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that all types of maltreatment were associated with psychiatric outcomes independent of other forms of adversity and parental history of psychiatric conditions. The strength of these associations was consistent for some, but not all conditions. Findings are consistent with emerging transdiagnostic models of psychopathology, which demonstrate that the risk for psychopathology appears to operate at the broad dimension level, rather than the level of specific diagnoses.

Key Practitioner Messages

This study found that maltreatment in childhood was associated with a number of psychiatric conditions and high levels of comorbidity independent of other forms of adversity and parental history of psychiatric conditions.

Findings point to the importance of early intervention for maltreated children using an individual and developmentally appropriate approach that may offset the risk trajectory for co‐occurring psychiatric conditions.

Interventions targeting difficulties in attachment, emotional regulation and promoting adaptive coping strategies have been useful in treating a range of conditions.
Effect of different cooking methods and heating solutions on nutritionally‐important starch fractions and flatus oligosaccharides in selected pulses
Authors: Liu Yihan , Ragaee Sanaa , Marcone Massimo F. , Abdel‐Aal El‐Sayed M.
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

Consumption of pulses is recommended by health organizations. Pulses are usually soaked and cooked in water before consumption which alters their nutrient composition and ultimately health benefits. This study investigated the effect of four cooking methods (boiling, pressure, microwave, and slow) and four heating solutions (water, salt, sugar, and citric acid) on composition of nutritionally‐important starch fractions and flatus oligosaccharides in faba bean, lentil, and pea.

Findings

The three pulses had slowly digestible starch (SDS) as the highest fraction with faba bean and lentil exhibited higher SDS than pea, but pea contained the highest level of resistant starch (RS). Rapidly digestible starch (RDS) was comparable among the three pulses. Stachyose and verbascose were the dominant oligosaccharides in faba bean, lentil, and pea. Regardless of the heating solution, slow cooking was more effective in improving starch nutritional fractions, i.e., producing lowest RDS and highest SDS in the three pulses with some exceptions. The RS fraction increased in the three pulses subject to cooking method and pulse type. Pressure and slow cooking methods were effective in reducing oligosaccharides in the three pulses.

Conclusions

The results suggest that slow cooking in water or salt solution has great potential to improve starch nutritional fractions and diminish flatus oligo‐sugars.

Significance and novelty

This is the first study to demonstrate the effectiveness of slow cooking in enhancing starch nutritional fractions and reducing flatus oligo‐sugars in pulses. The method could hold a promise for implementation especially small‐ and large‐volume slow cookers are commercially available.
Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease in a patient with Bardet‐Biedl syndrome: A case report of a novel MKKS/BBS6 mutation
Authors: Mishima Kenichi , Fujita Atsushi , Mizuno Seiji , Matsushita Masaki , Nagata Tadashi , Kamiya Yasunari , Miyake Noriko , Matsumoto Naomichi , Imagama Shiro , Kitoh Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

This article reports a girl with Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) having a novel causative mutation who developed Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease (LCPD). There exists a possibility that the prognosis of LCPD had been adversely affected by the concomitant BBS.
Linker Hydrophilicity Modulates the Anticancer Activity of RGD–Cryptophycin Conjugates
Authors: Anselmi Michele , Borbély Adina , Figueras Eduard , Michalek Carmela , Kemker Isabell , Gentilucci Luca , Sewald Norbert
Published: September 2020

Most anticancer agents are hydrophobic and can easily penetrate the tumor cell membrane by passive diffusion. This may impede the development of highly effective and tumor‐selective treatment options. A hydrophilic β‐glucuronidase‐cleavable linker was used to connect the highly potent antimitotic agent cryptophycin‐55 glycinate with the αvβ3 integrin ligand c(RGDfK). Incorporation of the self‐immolative linker containing glucuronic acid results in lower cytotoxicity than that of the free payload, suggesting that hydrophilic sugar linkers can preclude passive cellular uptake. In vitro drug‐release studies and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the potential of this small molecule–drug conjugate, providing guidance for the development of therapeutics containing hydrophobic anticancer drugs.
Photocatalyzed Intramolecular [2+2] Cycloaddition of N‐Alkyl‐N‐(2‐(1‐arylvinyl)aryl)cinnamamides
Authors: de Souza Wanderson C. , Matsuo Bianca T. , Matos Priscilla M. , Correia José Tiago M. , Santos Marilia S. , König Burkhard , Paixão Marcio W.
Published: September 2020

N‐Alkyl‐N‐(2‐(1‐arylvinyl)aryl)cinnamamides are converted into natural product inspired scaffolds via iridium photocatalyzed intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition. The protocol has a broad substrate scope, whilst operating under mild reaction conditions. Tethering four components forming a trisubstituted cyclobutane core builds rapidly high molecular complexity. Our approach allows the design and synthesis of a variety of tetrahydrocyclobuta[c]quinolin‐3(1H)‐ones, in yields ranging between 20–99 %, and with excellent regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the intramolecular [2+2]‐cycloaddition of 1,7‐enynes—after fragmentation of the cyclobutane ring—leads to enyne‐metathesis‐like products.
Tertiary‐Amine‐Initiated Synthesis of Acyl Fluorides from Carboxylic Acids and CF3SO2OCF3
Authors: Song Hai‐Xia , Tian Ze‐Yu , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Zhang Cheng‐Pan
Published: September 2020

A convenient method for deoxyfluorination of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids with CF3SO2OCF3 in the presence of a suitable base at room temperature has been developed. The reaction allows a straightforward access to a variety of acyl fluorides and proves that CF3SO2OCF3 is an effective deoxyfluorination reagent for carboxylic acids. The method features simplicity, expeditiousness, high efficiency, ease of handling, good functional group tolerance, a wide range of substrates, excellent yields of products, compatibility of many amine initiators, use of environmentally friendly reagents, and effortless removal of byproducts. This reaction represents the first utilization of trifluoromethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as a fluorination reagent.
Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines: Insulin Mimetics that Exhibit Potent and Selective Inhibition against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B
Authors: García‐Marín Javier , Griera Mercedes , Sánchez‐Alonso Patricia , Di Geronimo Bruno , Mendicuti Francisco , Rodríguez‐Puyol Manuel , Alajarín Ramón , de Pascual‐Teresa Beatriz , Vaquero Juan J. , Rodríguez‐Puyol Diego
Published: September 2020

PTP1B dephosphorylates insulin receptor and substrates to modulate glucose metabolism. This enzyme is a validated therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, but no current drug candidates have completed clinical trials. Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines substituted at positions C1–C4 and/or C7–C8 were found to be nontoxic to cells and good inhibitors in the low‐ to sub‐micromolar range, with the 4‐benzyl derivative being the most potent inhibitor (0.24 μm). Some analogues bearing chlorine atoms at C7 and/or C8 kept potency and showed good selectivity compared to TCPTP (selectivity index >40). The most potent inhibitors behaved as insulin mimetics by increasing glucose uptake. The 4‐benzyl derivative inhibited insulin receptor substrate 1 and AKT phosphorylation. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations supported a putative binding mode for these compounds to the allosteric α3/α6/α7 pocket, but inconsistent results in enzyme inhibition kinetics were obtained due to the high tendency of these inhibitors to form stable aggregates. Computational calculations supported the druggability of inhibitors.
Higher serum PD‐L1 level predicts increased overall survival with lapatinib versus trastuzumab in the CCTG MA.31 phase 3 trial
Authors: Moku Prashanth , Shepherd Lois , Ali Suhail M. , Leitzel Kim , Parulekar Wendy R. , Zhu Liting , Virk Shakeel , Nomikos Dora , Aparicio Samuel , Gelmon Karen , Drabick Joe , Cream Leah , Halstead E. Scott , Umstead Todd M. , Mckeone Dan , Polimera Hyma , Maddukuri Ashok , Ali Aamnah , Nagabhairu Vinod , Poulose Joyson , Pancholy Neha , Spiegel Howard , Chen Bingshu E. , Lipton Allan
Published: September 2020

Background

The purpose of this retrospective biomarker study of the Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG) MA.31 randomized phase 3 trial (lapatinib vs trastuzumab) of HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive biomarker utility of pretreatment serum programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) levels.

Methods

CCTG MA.31 accrued 652 HER2‐positive patients; 387 had serum available (185 in the trastuzumab arm and 202 in the lapatinib arm). The Ella immunoassay platform (ProteinSimple, San Jose, California) was used to quantitate serum PD‐L1 levels. Stepwise forward Cox multivariable analyses were performed for progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS).

Results

In the whole trial population, continuous pretreatment serum PD‐L1 levels were not associated with OS. However, within the trastuzumab arm, a higher continuous pretreatment serum PD‐L1 level was significant for shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.85; P = .04), but within the lapatinib arm, pretreatment serum PD‐L1 was not associated with OS (P = .37). In the whole trial, in a multivariable analysis for OS, serum PD‐L1 (median cut point) remained a significant independent covariate (HR, 2.38; P = .001). There was a significant interaction between treatment arm and continuous serum PD‐L1 (bootstrap method; P = .0025): at or above 214.2 pg/mL (the 89th percentile), serum PD‐L1 was associated with significantly shorter OS with trastuzumab treatment versus lapatinib treatment.

Conclusions

In the CCTG MA.31 trial, serum PD‐L1 was a significant predictive factor: a higher pretreatment serum PD‐L1 level was associated with shorter OS with trastuzumab treatment but with longer OS with lapatinib treatment. Immune evasion may decrease the effectiveness of trastuzumab therapy. Further evaluation of elevated serum PD‐L1 in advanced breast cancer is warranted to identify patients with HER2‐positive MBC who may benefit from novel immune‐targeted therapies in addition to trastuzumab.
Impact of adjuvant trastuzumab on locoregional failure rates in a randomized clinical trial: North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 (alliance) study
Authors: Vargas Carlos E. , Thorpe Cameron S. , Dueck Amylou C. , Tenner Kathleen S. , Davidson Nancy E. , Martino Silvana , Pisansky Thomas M. , Hwang E. Shelley , Halyard Michele Y. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Perez Edith A.
Published: September 2020

Background

The goal of this study was to assess the impact of trastuzumab on locoregional failure.

METHODS

The analysis included 2763 patients with HER2‐positive (HER2+) breast cancer who were randomly assigned to adjuvant doxorubicin (A), cyclophosphamide (C), paclitaxel (T) and trastuzumab (H) (arm A, AC→T [n = 922]; arm B, AC→T→H [n = 988]; arm C, AC→T+H→H [n = 853]). Radiotherapy was given after AC→T concurrently with H. Radiotherapy was given after lumpectomy (L) or after mastectomy (M) with ≥4 positive lymph nodes but was optional for 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes. Locoregional failures at 10 years (LFR10) as first events were compared using competing risk analysis.

Results

The median follow‐up was 13.0 years. The first site of failure was local‐only in 96 cases, locoregional in 16 cases, regional in 32 cases, and not specified in 2 cases; LFR10 was 4.8% (95% CI 4.1%‐5.7%). LFR10 was 5.5% (95% CI 4.3%‐7.2%), 4.9% (95% CI 3.7%‐6.4%), and 2.8% (95% CI 1.9%‐4.1%) in arms A, B, and C (B vs A: hazard ratio [HR] 0.91, P = .62; C vs A: HR 0.72, P = .12). For estrogen receptor–positive patients, LFR10 was 3.7% (95% CI 2.8%‐4.8%) and for estrogen receptor–negative patients, it was 6.1% (95% CI 5.0%‐7.4%; HR 0.61, P = .004). Local treatment included L+RT (n = 1044 [38%]), M+RT (n = 1025 [37%]), and M (n = 694 [25%]). LFR10 was 6.% (95% CI 5.0%‐7.8%), 3.0% (95% CI 2.1%‐4.3%), and 5.5% (95% CI 4.0%‐7.4%) for L+RT, M+RT, and M, respectively (M+RT vs L+RT: HR 0.43, P < .001; M vs L+RT: HR 0.88, P = .57). For 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes, LFR10 was 6.5% (95% CI 4.8%‐8.9%), 4.1% (95% CI 2.4%‐7.0%), and 4.3% (95% CI 2.9%‐6.5%) in L+RT, M+RT, and M, respectively (M vs L+RT: HR 0.68, P = .14; M vs M+RT: HR 1.2, P = .6).

Conclusion

Low 10‐year LFRs were seen regardless of trastuzumab use. Differences in local therapy in patients with 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes did not appear to improve local control. Local therapy studies for HER2+ and other tumor characteristics are important as the role of local therapies continues to evolve.
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Hot, timely, and relevant?
Authors: Mackay Helen J. , Kohn Elise C.
Published: September 2020

The use of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been growing in popularity in recent years. Even with a positive randomized trial, issues concerning the study design and the statistical analysis raise questions about whether this technique should be recommended as a standard‐of‐care approach. There are many questions that remain unanswered.
Protocol fuzzing to find security vulnerabilities of RabbitMQ
Authors: Kwon Soonhong , Son Sang‐Jin , Choi Yangseo , Lee Jong‐Hyouk
Published: September 2020

A message broker is widely used to enable applications, systems, and services to communicate with each other. One of the widely used message brokers is RabbitMQ that provides various functions and stability. However, as presented in this paper, RabbitMQ is vulnerable. In this paper, we present how RabbitMQ is exploited by protocol fuzzing, which is a common way to find unknown vulnerabilities inherent in software. We describe our protocol fuzzing procedures in detail and present conducted results.
City object detection from airborne Lidar data with OpenStreetMap‐tagged superpixels
Authors: Mao Bo , Li Bingchan
Published: September 2020

Lidar‐based city objects detection is an interesting topic along with the development of Laser scan equipment which has been widely applied in various applications such as 3D building reconstruction, navigation, and so on. In this article, we describe a city object detection algorithm for airborne Lidar images using superpixel segmentation and DenseNet classification. Compared with the existing studies, this article has two innovations. First, a DenseNet‐based city object classification model is trained by data sets automatically labeled from the OpenStreetMap. Second, the graph analysis is applied to further improve the classification of the superpixels. The results from an experiment in the London area indicate that the DenseNet‐based classification model trained by OpenStreetMap data can achieve 86% classification accuracy for building objects. With the proposed graph analysis, the detection accuracy of building objects increased to 98.5% in the test areas. Also, we testified that by dividing the city area into different types such as commercial, residential, and rural, the detection accuracy can be further improved. Based on the extensive examinations, it is suggested that the proposed superpixel classification method can be used to detect city objects from large‐scale low‐resolution Lidar image data (50 cm).
Merging Gradient‐Based Methods to Improve Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy: A New Tool for Flow Reaction Optimization
Authors: Kunjir Shrikant , Rodriguez‐Zubiri Mireia , Coeffard Vincent , Felpin François‐Xavier , Giraudeau Patrick , Farjon Jonathan
Published: September 2020

Emerging low cost, compact NMR spectrometers that can be connected in‐line to a flow reactor are suited to study reaction mixtures. The main limitation of such spectrometers arises from their lower magnetic field inducing a reduced sensitivity and a weaker spectral resolution. For enhancing the spectral resolution, the merging of Pure‐Shift methods recognized for line narrowing with solvent elimination schemes was implemented in the context of mixtures containing protonated solvents. One more step was achieved to further enhance the resolution power on compact systems, thanks to multiple elimination schemes prior to Pure‐Shift pulse sequence elements. For the first time, we were able to remove up to 6 protonated solvent signals simultaneously by dividing their intensity by 500 to 1700 with a concomitant spectral resolution enhancement for signals of interest from 9 to 12 as compared to the standard 1D 1H. Then, the potential of this new approach was shown on the flow synthesis of a complex benzoxanthenone structure.
Psychoform and somatoform dissociation in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review
Authors: Longo Paola , Panero Matteo , Amodeo Laura , Demarchi Matilde , Abbate‐Daga Giovanni , Marzola Enrica
Published: September 2020

Dissociation is a debilitating condition often present as comorbidity in patients with eating disorders, but to date only sparse findings are available on this topic. Additionally, very little data exist on the classification of dissociation, namely, psychoform and somatoform, in anorexia nervosa (AN). This review aimed to provide an updated view on the literature about dissociation in AN, with a focus on AN subtypes (i.e., restricter and binge‐purging) as well as dissociation type (i.e., psychoform and somatoform), when available. We screened 304 studies, and after title and abstract selection and full‐text reading, 29 of them were included in this review. Most of the studies investigated psychoform dissociation, whereas just four publications considered somatoform dissociation. Dissociation resulted to be present in AN more than in healthy controls and in individuals with other psychiatric disorders, and it was related mostly to the binge‐purging subtype of AN. Moreover, dissociation was linked to traumatic events, self‐harm and negative treatment outcomes, especially in patients affected by the binge‐purging subtype of AN. However, results on these matters are scarce and partially discordant. The methodological assessment we performed revealed an overall fair quality of the included studies, although several flaws emerged as well. The present review reported on one hand the relevance of dissociation in AN, but on the other hand the need to stimulate the scientific debate on (a) a deeper investigation of somatoform dissociation in AN and (b) the relationship between dissociation and both clinical severity and treatment response/resistance in AN.
Harnessing wild relatives of pearl millet for germplasm enhancement: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sharma Shivali , Sharma Rajan , Govindaraj Mahalingam , Mahala Rajendra Singh , Satyavathi C. Tara , Srivastava Rakesh K. , Gumma Murali Krishna , Kilian Benjamin
Published: September 2020

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is one of the world's hardiest warm‐season cereal crop and is cultivated mainly in the semi‐arid tropics of Asia and Africa for food, feed, fodder, and brewing. It is mainly cultivated for its gluten‐free grains with high content and better quality of nutrients. Pearl millet is a resilient crop that can produce grain and biomass under harsh conditions like low fertility, erratic rainfall, acidic and saline soils, and the hottest climates. However, biotic stresses such as downy mildew and blast diseases and abiotic stresses, especially drought and seedling‐ and flowering‐stage heat stress, pose constant threat to the realization of yield potential of this crop. To make further improvement in threshold level of abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, breeders are looking for novel genes in diverse germplasm sources. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) could be a source of novel genes that are important for diversification of the genetic base of pearl millet. A stage‐gate process is proposed for the efficient management of prebreeding programs using CWRs as a source of germplasm diversity and improvement. This article explains the various strategies for capturing and using alleles for climate resilience traits improvement. This article covers breeders’ perspectives on importance of using CWRs as germplasm source for crop improvement. This article also describes the availability of CWRs, characterization of new traits and the strategies to be applied for the identification and introduction of genes of interest in elite breeding lines and commercial varieties and hybrids of pearl millet.
Recent Advances on Metalloporphyrin‐Based Materials for Visible‐Light‐Driven CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zou Lei , Sa Rongjian , Lv Haowei , Zhong Hong , Wang Ruihu
Published: September 2020

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a promising technology to mitigate environmental issue and the energy crisis. The four nitrogen atoms in the porphyrin ring can incorporate transition metals to form stable active sites for CO2 activation and photoreduction. Nevertheless, the photocatalytic efficiency of metalloporphyrins is still low due to the insufficient photoelectron injection to drive CO2 photoreduction upon visible light irradiation. To address this issue, considerable efforts have been made to introduce photosensitizers for constructing homogeneous or heterogeneous metalloporphyrin‐based photocatalytic systems. In this Review, recent advances of metalloporphyrin‐based materials for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction were summarized. The methods for the modulation of photosensitizing process at molecular level were presented for the promotion of photocatalytic performance. The mechanism of CO2 activation and photocatalytic conversion was illustrated. Better insight into the structure‐activity relationship provides guidance to the design of metalloporphyrin‐related photocatalytic systems.
Grafting Nature‐Inspired and Bio‐Based Phenolic Esters onto Cellulose Nanocrystals Gives Biomaterials with Photostable Anti‐UV Properties
Authors: Joram Mendoza David , Mouterde Louis M. M. , Browne Christine , Singh Raghuwanshi Vikram , Simon George P. , Garnier Gil , Allais Florent
Published: September 2020

New nature‐inspired and plant‐derived p‐hydroxycinnamate esters and p‐hydroxycinnamate diesters provide excellent protection against UV radiation when incorporated into a matrix. Herein, an efficient and sustainable pathway is reported to graft these phenolic compounds onto cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) via click‐type copper‐catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The successful grafting of the phenolic esters on CNC surface was evidenced by a range of chemical analyses, and the degrees of substitution (DS) of the CNC were found to depend on the structure of the phenolic ester grafted. Moreover, aqueous suspensions of the phenolic ester‐grafted CNCs not only strongly absorb in both the UVA and UVB regions, but they also exhibit average to very high photostability. Their wide spectrum UV‐absorbing properties and their stability upon exposure to UV are highly influenced by the structure of the phenolic ester, particularly by the extra ester group in p‐hydroxycinnamate diesters. These findings demonstrate that cellulose nanocrystals decorated with such plant‐derived and nature‐inspired phenolic esters are promising sustainable nanomaterials for anti‐UV applications.
Implement co‐curricular assessments to gauge, boost student success
Authors: Jurkowski Odin
Published: September 2020

Everyone in academe understands the importance of assessment for continuous improvement. Faculty are especially well versed in developing and implementing formative and summative assessments for their individual courses as well as collaboratively for an entire degree program. The data from these assessments can then be utilized for improvement of courses, programs, colleges, and the entire institution. However, offices outside of academic programs, such as Career Services or the Registrar's Office, for example, have not typically had the same focus nor accreditation requirements. While staff in these offices may nonetheless still have been collecting data, it usually is not as structured as the assessment for academic programs, nor do they typically consider the same connection to student learning or outcomes. But with a recent push from regional accrediting bodies, this is changing.
Increased epigenetic diversity and transient epigenetic memory in response to salinity stress in Thlaspi arvense
Authors: Geng Yupeng , Chang Na , Zhao Yuewan , Qin Xiaoying , Lu Shugang , Crabbe M. James C. , Guan Yabin , Zhang Ticao
Published: September 2020

Epigenetic diversity could play an important role in adaptive evolution of organisms, especially for plant species occurring in new and stressful environments. Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress), a valuable oilseed crop, is widespread in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. In this study, we investigated the effect of salinity stress on the epigenetic variation of DNA methylation and epigenetic stress memory in pennycress using methylation‐sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) markers. We examined how the status of DNA methylation changes across individuals in response to salinity stress and whether such an effect of maternal stress could be transferred to offspring for one or two generations in nonstressed environments. Our results based on 306 epiloci indicated no consistent change of DNA methylation status in specific epiloci across individuals within the same conditions. In contrast, we found that the epigenetic diversity at population level increased significantly in response to the stimulation of salinity stress; and this “stimulation effect” could be transferred partially in the form of stress memory to at least two generations of offspring in nonstressed environments. In addition, we observed a parallel change in functionally important traits, that is, phenotypic variation was significantly higher in plants grown under salinity stress compared with those of control groups. Taken together, our results provide novel clues for the increased spontaneous epimutation rate in response to stress in plants, of potential adaptive significance.
Pain, sensitization and physical performances in patients with chronic painful knee osteoarthritis or chronic pain following total knee arthroplasty: An explorative study
Authors: Bie Larsen Jesper , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Simonsen Ole , Madeleine Pascal
Published: September 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to assess clinical pain, pain sensitization and physical performances to profile patients with chronic painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) or pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Examining the interactions between pain mechanisms and physical performances would enable us to investigate the underlying explanatory relationships between these parameters.

Methods

In this explorative study, 70 patients with chronic painful knee OA (N = 46) or chronic pain after TKA (N = 24) were assessed for clinical pain, quantitative sensory profiling (mechanical pinprick pain sensitivity, temporal summation (TS) and conditioned pain modulation), physical performances (chair stand, walk and stair climb tests) and self‐reported outcomes. Between‐group comparisons were made using ANCOVA tests and associations between outcomes were analysed using multivariate linear regression models.

Results

Overall, no differences between groups regarding clinical pain and quantitative sensory profiling outcomes were observed. Physical performances were lower in the TKA group compared with the OA group with moderate‐to‐large effect sizes, and a tendency towards better scores in self‐reported outcomes for the OA group was observed with small‐to‐moderate effect sizes. Self‐reported function seems to be associated with physical performances in the TKA group. Sensitization (TS) appears to be associated with poorer physical performances in the OA group.

Conclusions

Similar profiles for pain intensity, signs of sensitization and conditioned pain modulation were observed. Patients with TKA seems to have impaired physical performances compared with the OA group, underlining the importance of targeting physical performances. Only the OA patients showed an association between sensitization (TS) and physical performance.

Significance

Quantitative pain profiling assessment was used to assess pain intensities and pain mechanisms. We observed associations between physical performances and temporal summation in the OA group underlining the importance of assessing motor functions and pain mechanisms in the same trial. We observed lower levels of physical performances in the TKA group compared with the OA group, suggesting that examination and rehabilitation of physical performances is essential for TKA patients with chronic pain.
Green preparation of hydrogel particles‐in‐emulsions for simultaneous enhancement of humoral and cell‐mediated immunity
Authors: Zou Yongjuan , Li Shuai , Ngai To , Zhang Songping , Ma Guanghui , Wu Jie
Published: September 2020

Emulsions are one of the most often used vaccine adjuvant formulations. Although they promote high humoral immunity, the induced cellular immunity is often poor, which restrict their application. To enhance the cellular immunity, some researchers have prepared mixed formulations by adding particles into the aqueous phase of emulsions. However, the particle preparation process usually involves the addition and removal of organic reagents, which is environmentally unfriendly and cumbersome. Moreover, the obtained vaccine adjuvant only induces limited cell‐mediated immunity and humoral immunity compared with emulsion‐adjuvanted vaccines. Herein, we developed a green and simple method for fabricating a novel nanoparticles‐in‐emulsions (NPE) formulation. Firstly, a temperature‐sensitive hydrogel was used to prepare particles by self‐solidification without additional crosslinking reagents. Secondly, the white oil was used as organic phase to avoid the particle washing procedures and organic solvent residues. Moreover, the effect of NPE as vaccine adjuvant was evaluated by using two veterinary vaccines as model antigens. NPE showed advantages than the conventional vaccine formulations in inducing both humoral and cellular immunity. This work provides a facile and broadly applicable approach for preparing nanoparticles‐in‐emulsions formulation, and presents an effective adjuvant for enhancing immunity against infectious diseases.
Leveraging recommendation systems for improving caching emerging short video in content delivery network
Authors: Li Shuangyuan
Published: September 2020

Short video applications have rapidly become one of the most popular online entertainments. It is also one of the most important ways of social networking. However, the request pattern of short videos shows the characteristics of highly dynamic compared to traditional video. First, the access of short video is changing quickly, that is, user shows less preferences. Second, most short videos have no tag descriptions. These result in a significant reduction in caching efficiency of content delivery network (CDN) server, which is used to cache short videos. To address these challenges, this article proposes a recommendation system to optimize short video caching. For lack of tag description, this article proposes event detection method to recognize tags based on improved dense trajectory and concept dictionary video feature extraction. Then the collaborative filtering method is used to generate caching recommendation list for CDN to guide short video caching. Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the efficiency of short video caching for CDN.
The End(s) of marriage: Feminists, antifeminists, and Indian law
Authors: Basu Srimati
Published: September 2020

Feminist anthropology sought to transform the sex‐gender systems that enabled marriage. This essay considers the complications of that promise in the context of my recent research with antifeminist marriage resisters called Men Going Their Own Way (MGTOWs). Despite a history of marriage resistance in the Indian women's movement, contemporary women's organizations rely on civil and criminal law relating to marriage to secure resources for their clients and thus cannot afford to transform its heteronormative patriarchal logic. MGTOWs challenge gender roles and paid labor within marriage and seek alternatives to conjugality, but do so on terms that highlight their pain and disavow their privileges.
Fates of aflatoxin B1 from wheat flour to Iranian traditional cookies: Managing procedures to aflatoxin B1 reduction during traditional processing
Authors: Noroozi Razieh , Sadeghi Ehsan , Rouhi Milad , Safajoo Saeede , Razmjoo Fatemeh , Paimard Giti , Moradi Leila
Published: September 2020

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) incidence in cereal, especially in wheat products, is a serious worldwide challenge for human health. The objective of the current study was to survey the effect of various factors, including fermentation times, yeast levels, ingredients, and time/temperature combinations of the baking process on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) reduction in order to modify parameters of the traditional cookie‐making process. AFB1 levels were analyzed by an HPLC‐fluorescence detector. The results revealed AFB1 levels significantly decreased during fermentation (%23.7), depending on an increase in the yeast level (2%) and fermentation time (90 min). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between pH reduction and AFB1 decomposition. However, the formulation of the recipe did not show a significant effect on the detoxification of AFB1. The baking temperature increase in an admissible technological range (280°C for 15 min) more effectively reduced AFB1 content (%53.9). As a result, the exact control of the traditional process was able to significantly decreased AFB1 content as a serious health‐threatening toxin in the final product (%75.9). However, AFB1 toxicity reduction should be considered seriously in the raw materials and such products.
Oligodendrocyte‐specific deletion of Xbp1 exacerbates the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and restricts locomotor recovery after thoracic spinal cord injury
Authors: Saraswat Ohri Sujata , Howard Russell M. , Liu Yu , Andres Kariena R. , Shepard Courtney T. , Hetman Michal , Whittemore Scott R.
Published: September 2020

The endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) is activated in various neurodegenerative diseases and/or after CNS traumatic injuries. The ERSR is comprised of three major arms, PERK, IRE‐1, and activating transcription factor‐6, with the latter two contributing to the unfolded protein response (UPR). PERK activity overlaps with the integrated stress response (ISR) kinases, PKR, HRI, and GCN2 which all signal through, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, ATF4, and CHOP. All initially attempt to restore endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, but if ER stress is unresolved, ATF4/CHOP‐mediated cell death is initiated. Here, we investigate the contribution of the inositol‐requiring protein‐1α‐X‐box binding protein‐1 (XBP1)‐mediated UPR signaling pathway to the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI). We demonstrate that deletion of Xbp1 caused an exacerbated ATF4/CHOP signaling in cultured mouse oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells and enhanced their sensitivity to ER stress. Similar effects were also observed with the Xbp1 pathway inhibitor toyocamycin. Furthermore, OL lineage‐specific loss of Xbp1 resulted in enhanced ISR in mice that underwent moderate contusive SCI at the T9 level. Consistently, post‐injury recovery of hindlimb locomotion and white matter sparing were reduced in OL Xbp1‐deficient mice, which correlated with chronically decreased relative density of OPCs and OLs at the injury epicenter at 6 weeks post‐SCI. We conclude that the IRE1‐XBP1‐mediated UPR signaling pathway contributes to restoration of ER homeostasis in OLs and is necessary for enhanced white matter sparing and functional recovery post‐SCI.