bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emission characteristics of cellulosic jet biofuel blend under laminar and turbulent combustion
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Wang Zhichao , Yang Xiaoyi
Published: December 2023

Alternative biofuels have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and particulate matter due to free of aromatics compared to traditional petroleum-based aviation fuel. The potential mitigating emission of hydrothermal-condensation-hydrotreating jet biofuel (HCHJ) derived from agriculture residue was investigated. The effects of aviation biofuel components, blend ratio and equivalent ratio on emission characteristics were conducted by Premixed Pre-evaporated Bunsen burner (PPBB) for laminar combustion and ZF850 jet engine for turbulent combustion. In compositions, HCHJ had a higher concentration of cycloparaffins (mostly in C8–C10) while petroleum-based aviation fuel (RP-3) had a higher concentration of alkylbenzenes (mostly in C8–C11). In laminar combustion, HCHJ and both 50% blend HCHJ appear no unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) due to low aromatics content and no sulfur in the biofuel. Moreover, there were no significant differences in NO and NO2 concentration for HCHJ and HCHJ blends. In turbulent combustion, HCHJ blends and RP-3 were compared engine emissions at various state points. Considering all complex effects of fuel and combustion environment, HCHJ blend had a noticeable reduction in PM2.5 emissions in comparison with RP-3 due to their lower aromatics and sulfur content. As HCHJ is similar to RP-3 in C/H ratio, density and heat value and the different aromatics contents have different tendencies to generate PM2.5 at different condition, PM2.5 emission is not only related with the total aromatic content and individual aromatic structure but also the combustion environment at thrust setting and coexisting pollutants including NOx and UHC emissions. CO and NOx emission indicated that both of turbulent state and fuel type influence emissions. HCHJ blend can be benefit for PM2.5 reduction and combustion efficiency growth. PM2.5 reduction can be obtained 77.5% at 10% HCHJ blend and 9.5% at 5% HCHJ blend while combustion efficiency can be obtained 0.05% at 5% HCHJ blend and 0.36% at 10% HCHJ blend through all thrust output.
Toxocara canis-induced changes in host intestinal microbial communities
Authors: Sieng Soben , Chen Ping , Wang Na , Xu Jing-Yun , Han Qian
Published: December 2023

Background

Toxocara canis is a roundworm that resides in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and causes various pathological changes. The dog’s intestinal system consists of a diverse and dynamic bacterial community that has extensive effects on intestinal physiology, immunity and metabolics. In the case of intestinal parasites, interactions with the host intestinal flora are inevitable during the process of parasitism.

Methods

We studied the role of T. canis in regulating the composition and diversity of the intestinal flora of the host by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and various bioinformatics analyses.

Results

The α-diversity analysis showed that Toxocara canis infection resulted in a significant decrease in the abundance and diversity of host intestinal flora. The β-diversity analysis showed that the intestinal flora of infected dogs was similar to that carried by T. canis. Analysis of the microflora composition and differences at the phylum level showed that the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) increased with T. canis infection. Analysis of species composition and differences at the genus level revealed that the proportion of some of the pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium sensu stricto and Staphylococcus, increased after T. canis infection.

Conclusions

Toxocara canis infection affected the composition and diversity of the flora in the host intestinal tract. These results not only shed light on the potential mechanism of T. canis invasion and long-term survival in the intestinal tract, but also provide a new basis for the development of anthelmintic drugs.

Graphical Abstract
Accuracy of swept source biometry device in detecting macular diseases compared with swept source OCT
Authors: Zafar Sidra , Ahmed Taha Muneer , Baig Rashid , Jeeva Irfan , Siddiqui M. A. Rehman
Published: December 2023

Objective

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the IOLMaster 700 foveal scans to detect foveal pathology compared with a standard swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) device.

Results

One hundred seventy eye scans of 95 patients were included in the final analyses. Ninety-nine (58.2%) scans were classified as abnormal by SS-OCT. Mean sensitivity of the biometry device was 67.5% (range: 51–84%) and mean specificity was 69.5% (range: 44–95%). Intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.912 and 0.835, for reader 1 and 2, respectively. Area under the curve for receiver operating curve was 0.726. Foveal scans of the IOLMaster 700 can provide clinically useful information. Clinicians should pay attention to the macular scans when reviewing biometry prior to cataract surgery and standard macular OCT should ideally be supplemented in suspicious cases.
Mesenchymal stem cells lose the senescent phenotype under 3D cultivation
Authors: Krasnova O. , Kovaleva A. , Saveleva A. , Kulakova K. , Bystrova O. , Martynova M. , Domnina A. , Sopova J. , Neganova I.
Published: December 2023

Background

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is widely used in various fields of cell biology. In comparison to conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, 3D cell culture facilitates a more accurate replication of the in vivo microenvironment, which is essential for obtaining more relevant results. The application of 3D cell culture techniques in regenerative medicine, particularly in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based research, has been extensively studied. Many of these studies focus on the enhanced paracrine activity of MSCs cultured in 3D environments. However, few focus on the cellular processes that occur during 3D cultivation.

Methods

In this work, we studied the changes occurring within 3D-cultured MSCs (3D-MSCs). Specifically, we examined the expression of numerous senescent-associated markers, the actin cytoskeleton structure, the architecture of the Golgi apparatus and the localization of mTOR, one of the main positive regulators of replicative senescence. In addition, we assessed whether the selective elimination of senescent cells occurs upon 3D culturing by using cell sorting based on autofluorescence.

Results

Our findings indicate that 3D-MSCs were able to lose replicative senescence markers under 3D cell culture conditions. We observed changes in actin cytoskeleton structure, Golgi apparatus architecture and revealed that 3D cultivation leads to the nuclear localization of mTOR, resulting in a decrease in its active cytoplasmic form. Additionally, our findings provide evidence that 3D cell culture promotes the phenotypic reversion of senescent cell phenotype rather than their removal from the bulk population.

Conclusion

These novel insights into the biology of 3D-MSCs can be applied to research in regenerative medicine to overcome replicative senescence and MSC heterogeneity as they often pose significant concerns regarding safety and effectiveness for therapeutic purposes.
Sex difference in the risk of extubation failure in ICUs
Authors: Thille Arnaud W. , Boissier Florence , Coudroy Rémi , Le Pape Sylvain , Arrivé François , Marchasson Laura , Frat Jean-Pierre , Ragot Stéphanie ,   for the REVA Research Network, Muller Grégoire , Gacouin Arnaud , Decavèle Maxens , Sonneville Romain , Beloncle François , Girault Christophe , Dangers Laurence , Lautrette Alexandre , Cabasson Séverin , Rouzé Anahita , Vivier Emmanuel , Le Meur Anthony , Ricard Jean-Damien , Razazi Keyvan , Barberet Guillaume , Lebert Christine , Ehrmann Stephan , Sabatier Caroline , Bourenne Jeremy , Pradel Gael , Bailly Pierre , Terzi Nicolas , Dellamonica Jean , Lacave Guillaume , Danin Pierre-Éric , Nanadoumgar Hodanou , Gibelin Aude , Zanre Lassane , Deye Nicolas
Published: December 2023

Background

Little attention has been paid to potential differences in prognosis between mechanically ventilated males and females in intensive care units (ICUs). We hypothesized that a sex gap in the risk of extubation failure in ICUs may exist.

Methods

Post hoc analysis of a large-scale clinical trial including patients at high risk of extubation failure in ICUs, with the aim of assessing the risk of extubation failure according to sex. The primary outcome was reintubation within the 7 days following extubation.

Results

Out of 641 patients, 425 (66%) were males and 216 (34%) were females. Males were more likely to be admitted for cardiac arrest and to have underlying ischemic heart disease whereas females were more likely to be admitted for coma and to have obesity. Whereas the rate of reintubation at 48 h was significantly higher in males than in females (11.0% vs. 6.0%; difference, + 5.0 [95% CI, 0.2 to 9.2]; P = 0.038), the rate of reintubation at day 7 did not significantly differ between males and females (16.7% vs. 11.1%; difference, + 5.6% [95%CI, − 0.3 to 10.8], P = 0.059). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, male sex was independently associated with reintubation within the 7 days following extubation (adjusted OR 1.70 [95% CI, 1.01 to 2.89]; P = 0.048), even after adjustment on reason for admission, body-mass index, severity score, respiratory rate before extubation, and noninvasive ventilation after extubation.

Conclusion

In this post hoc analysis of a clinical trial including a homogeneous subset of patients at high risk of extubation failure, sex was independently associated with reintubation. The role of sex on outcomes should be systematically examined in future studies of critically ill patients.
Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) and Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with Recycled Sand
Authors: Choi Donguk , Hong Kyungchan , Ochirbud Munkhtuvshin , Meiramov Didar , Sukontaskuul Piti
Published: December 2023

Use of high-cost raw materials such as quartz sand can limit wider application of ultra-high performance concrete in concrete construction. In this experimental study, recycled sand was used to fabricate ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). Green UHPC with ordinary Portland cement and industrial by-products such as silica fume, fly ash, as well as recycled sand was first developed through two-step packing density tests to optimize the mix design. UHPFRC was then developed based on the UHPC mix designs and by using 1%, 2%, or 3% 13-mm straight steel fibers (SSF). The compressive strength, elastic modulus, and flexural tensile strength was 128 MPa, 46.9 GPa, and 11.9 MPa, respectively, after 28 days at water-to-binder ratio of 0.17 and with 2% SSFs. All high-performance concretes in this work utilized 100% commercially available recycled sand that was produced by wet processing method. Mechanical characteristics such as strength, elastic modulus, and density, absorption, and voids of the UHPC/UHPFRC were investigated. Development of autogenous shrinkage of UHPC/UHPFRC with recycled sand was monitored for 12 weeks, while mercury intrusion porosimetry test and scanning electron microscopy were performed for microstructural investigation. Finally, the environmental impacts and economical aspects of the green UHPC were evaluated by life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost analysis.
Experience in the Management of Sigmoid Sinus Thrombophlebitis Secondary to Middle ear Cholesteatoma
Authors: Fei Jing , Peng Xiao-Wen , Yang Ting-Yu , Shen Xue-Li , Gao Lin , Liao Na , Li Lei-Ji
Published: December 2023

Objective

To discuss the management of sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis secondary to middle ear cholesteatoma.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed all cases of sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis caused by middle ear cholesteatoma over a period of 7 years. 7 male and 2 female patients, ranging in age from 9 to 66 years, were diagnosed with sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis by clinical presentation and radiological examination. By executing a modified mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty (canal wall-down tympanoplasty) to entirely remove the cholesteatoma-like mastoid epithelium, all patients were effectively treated surgically without opening the sigmoid sinus. All patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, but no anticoagulants were used.

Results

9 patients had otogenic symptoms such as ear pus, tympanic membrane perforation, and hearing loss. In the initial stage of the surgery, modified mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty were performed on 8 of the 9 patients. 1 patient with a brain abscess underwent puncturing (drainage of the abscess) to relieve cranial pressure, and 4 months later, a modified mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty were carried out. Following surgery and medication, the clinical symptoms of every patient improved. After the follow-up of 6 months to 7 years, 3 patients were re-examined for MRV and showed partial sigmoid sinus recovery with recanalization. 4 months following middle ear surgery, the extent of a patient's brain abscess lesions was significantly reduced. 1 patient experienced facial paralysis after surgery and recovered in 3 months. None of the patients had a secondary illness, an infection, or an abscess in a distant organ.

Conclusion

The key to a better prognosis is an adequate course of perioperative antibiotic medication coupled with surgical treatment. A stable sigmoid sinus thrombus can remain for a long time after middle ear lesions have been removed, and it is less likely to cause infection and abscesses in the distant organs. The restoration of middle ear ventilation is facilitated by tympanoplasty. It is important to work more closely with multidisciplinary teams such as neurology and neurosurgery when deciding whether to perform lateral sinusotomies to remove thrombus or whether to administer anticoagulation.

Graphical abstract
Early-Onset Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA): A Systematic Review
Authors: Newman Matthew , Nguyen Thomas Boi Vu , McHugh Tobial , Reddy Kesava , Sommer Doron Dov
Published: December 2023

Background

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is a fibrovascular tumor of the nasopharynx that classically presents in adolescent males. The reported mean age of onset is between 13 and 22 years old [1–6]. Significant androgen stimulation is hypothesized to explain the strong predisposition for JNA to present in young adolescent males. However, considerable variability in age at diagnosis exists with rare involvement of very young patients incongruent with typical male pubertal growth patterns.

Objective

The purpose of this systematic review is to identify cases of early-onset JNA (EOJNA), (defined as age < 10 years) in the literature and to examine the disease characteristics and treatments used in this patient group. A case of a 7 year old boy with EOJNA at our institution is also described and presented.

Methods

We searched Embase, Cochrane database and MEDLINE from 1996 to February 2021 for studies that reported cases of EOJNA. Relevant clinico-demographic data, disease severity and treatment outcomes were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. We compared our findings with reported means for JNA in all ages.

Results

We identified 29 studies containing a total of 34 cases of EOJNA. The vast majority (31/34) of patients were males and the mean age of diagnosis was 8.15 years old. The most common presenting symptoms were nasal obstruction (65.2%) and epistaxis (60.9%). Patients were most commonly Radkowski stage II (39.4%) and III (39.4%). Primary treatment modalities included open surgery (66.7%), endoscopic surgery (24.2%), and radiotherapy (9.1%). Recurrence was evident in 30%. Radkowski stage and type of treatment did not differ significantly within the EOJNA group ( p = 0.440 and p = 0.659, respectively).

Conclusion

This systematic review suggests that rare cases of EOJNA have distinct disease characteristics. Patients in this cohort appeared to have more advanced disease and higher recurrence rates when compared with reported averages. We hope that this review prompts increased clinical awareness of this potentially more aggressive subtype of JNA. As more cases of EOJNA are reported, a more powered statistical analysis of this cohort would be feasible.
Coupled-driven high-speed and high-torque switchable transmission with a large transmission ratio
Authors: Takayama Toshio , Waragai Masaki
Published: December 2023

Electric motors are used globally, especially in industrial applications, and achieving high energy efficiency is a major problem. Variable transmissions are effective in reducing the energy consumption of motors, but practical variable transmissions are bulky and heavy, making them unsuitable for robots. To overcome this problem, two motor-driven mechanisms have been proposed. The two motors are operated independently and assigned to the high-speed drive and high-torque drive, and one motor always becomes dead weight. Therefore, we propose a coupled-driven switchable transmission system that can switch the high-speed and high-torque drives by combining the rotation directions and utilizing the output of both motors. The developed device uses two 22-W motors and can switch the reduction ratio from 1/15 to 1/375. The maximum torque, maximum rotation speed, and weight are 10 Nm, 500 rpm, and 905 g, respectively. The experimental results show that the relative speeds of two motors are significant for the coupled drive; nevertheless, this device can be controlled by conventional voltage control without precise speed control.
Comparison of ultrahigh and standard resolution photon-counting CT angiography of the femoral arteries in a continuously perfused in vitro model
Authors: Gruschwitz Philipp , Hartung Viktor , Ergün Süleyman , Peter Dominik , Lichthardt Sven , Huflage Henner , Hendel Robin , Pannenbecker Pauline , Augustin Anne Marie , Kunz Andreas Steven , Feldle Philipp , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Grunz Jan-Peter
Published: December 2023

Background

With the emergence of photon-counting CT, ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) imaging can be performed without dose penalty. This study aims to directly compare the image quality of UHR and standard resolution (SR) scan mode in femoral artery angiographies.

Methods

After establishing continuous extracorporeal perfusion in four fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens, photon-counting CT angiographies were performed with a radiation dose of 5 mGy and tube voltage of 120 kV in both SR and UHR mode. Images were reconstructed with dedicated convolution kernels (soft: Body-vascular (Bv)48; sharp: Bv60; ultrasharp: Bv76). Six radiologists evaluated the image quality by means of a pairwise forced-choice comparison tool. Kendall’s concordance coefficient (W) was calculated to quantify interrater agreement. Image quality was further assessed by measuring intraluminal attenuation and image noise as well as by calculating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR).

Results

UHR yielded lower noise than SR for identical reconstructions with kernels ≥ Bv60 (p < 0.001). UHR scans exhibited lower intraluminal attenuation compared to SR (Bv60: 406.4 ± 25.1 versus 418.1 ± 30.1 HU; p < 0.001). Irrespective of scan mode, SNR and CNR decreased while noise increased with sharper kernels but UHR scans were objectively superior to SR nonetheless (Bv60: SNR 25.9 ± 6.4 versus 20.9 ± 5.3; CNR 22.7 ± 5.8 versus 18.4 ± 4.8; p < 0.001). Notably, UHR scans were preferred in subjective assessment when images were reconstructed with the ultrasharp Bv76 kernel, whereas SR was rated superior for Bv60. Interrater agreement was high (W = 0.935).

Conclusions

Combinations of UHR scan mode and ultrasharp convolution kernel are able to exploit the full image quality potential in photon-counting CT angiography of the femoral arteries.

Relevance statement

The UHR scan mode offers improved image quality and may increase diagnostic accuracy in CT angiography of the peripheral arterial runoff when optimized reconstruction parameters are chosen.

Key points

• UHR photon-counting CT improves image quality in combination with ultrasharp convolution kernels.

• UHR datasets display lower image noise compared with identically reconstructed standard resolution scans.

• Scans in UHR mode show decreased intraluminal attenuation compared with standard resolution imaging.

Graphical Abstract
The tug-of-war on iron between plant and pathogen
Authors: Sun Jiaying , Xiao Shuqin , Xue Chunsheng
Published: December 2023

Iron participates in various crucial metabolic processes as an essential cofactor of many enzymes, which are vital to the survival of plants and their pathogens. However, excessive iron is toxic to the cells of plants and pathogens. Iron plays a complex role in the interactions between plants and pathogens. Plants and pathogens have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to modulate iron status at a moderate level for maintaining fitness. Iron competition extensively exists on both sides of plants and pathogens during infection. Plants employ iron withholding, local iron accumulation, or iron deficiency to trigger resistance against pathogens. Pathogens counteract host-derived iron stress or interfere with plant iron homeostasis to ensure virulence during infection. This review focuses on the recent progress in understanding the roles of iron in plant-pathogen interactions and proposes prospects for future studies.
A literature review addressing midwakh and e-cigarette use in the Gulf region
Authors: Dalibalta Sarah , Makhlouf Zinb , Rabah Layal , Samara Fatin , Elsayed Yehya
Published: December 2023

A notable decrease in conventional cigarette smoking has been witnessed on a global scale. However, this decrease has been accompanied by an equally striking global increase in the consumption of alternative tobacco products (ATPs), namely e-cigarettes and midwakh in the Arabian Gulf region. A literature review was used to outline the chemical composition of these two ATPs and review their impacts on health. The study was conducted using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, MDPI, and WorldCat. The literature search included terms such as “e-cigarettes,” “midwakh,” “dokha,” “heath impacts,” “psychological effects,” “social influences,” and “cigarette smoking” with emphasis on literature from the Arabian Gulf region. Data shows that midwakh contains markedly high levels of tar, nicotine, and various compounds of notable effects on the human body. Similarly, it was found that e-cigarettes contain non-negligible amounts of nicotine and other chemical compounds that may not have been extensively investigated. Alarming reports of system-specific effects brought about by midwakh, and e-cigarette consumption, have been reported, although further research is needed to deduce the mechanism. We also discussed some of the social and psychological factors leading to their consumption within this population. Hence, this review raises questions around the safety of these two types of ATPs and encourages comprehensive studies globally and regionally.
Synthesis and efficacy of cinnamon oil formulations and their sustainable release against common house mosquito larvae
Authors: Mahran Hesham A. , Aboelhadid Shawky M. , Hassan Khaled M.
Published: December 2023

Background

Control of mosquitoes is considered an essential public health priority. This study was designed to estimate the larvicidal activity of two formulations of Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO for controlling Culex pipiens larvae.

Results

The prepared formulations were a nanoemulsion of cinnamon (CNE), cinnamon (CN) alone and ordinary cinnamon essential oil mixed with sesame oil (CSO). The cinnamon + sesame oil (CSO) was added as one part cinnamon to 3 parts SO. Different concentrations were prepared and applied following the WHO larvicidal bioassay protocol. Our findings revealed that the LC50 of the CNE form ranged from 85.3 µg/mL to 28.30 µg/mL. The LC50 of SO alone was 1265 µg/mL but when mixed with CNE to form the CSO mixture, this decreased to 159.00 µg/mL. In terms of residual effect, the ordinary form of cinnamon had a residual effect in water for 72 h at a dose of 1000 µg/ml, but this extended to 120 h at the same dose when the CNE form was used. However CSO did not have a residual effect, however.

Conclusion

The nanoemulsion form significantly improved the efficacy and residual effect of cinnamon against Culex pipiens larvae. Additionally, mixing cinnamon with sesame oil had a synergistic effect. This may assist control strategies against the house mosquito, Culex pipiens.
Isolation and characterization of undescribed flavonoid from Abrus precatorius L. based on HPTLC-DPPH bioautography and its cytotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Ansari Hafsa I. , Dabhi Ranjitsinh C. , Trivedi Pooja G. , Thakar Milan S. , Maru Jayesh J. , Sindhav Gaurang M.
Published: December 2023

Background

Naturally derived compounds play a tremendous role as a drug as well as lead structure for the development of APIs. Therefore, isolation and characterization of compounds from nature are needed to alleviate life-threatening diseases. A. precatorius L. belongs to the family Leguminosae and is valued for its medicinal properties. Therefore, in this study, efforts are being made to isolate bioactive entity based on HPTLC-DPPH bioautography from APHA extract. Among all the separated compounds on TLC plate, the one (APSP-3) at Rf = 0.67 showed significant antioxidant activity, and hence, APSP-3 was further subjected to isolation, purification, and structural characterization using diverse analytical modus operandi such as 1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, HPLC–MS/MS, and elemental analysis. In addition, antioxidant and cytotoxicity evaluation of APHA extract and APSP-3 was pursued by standard DPPH and colorimetric MTT assays, respectively.

Results

Antioxidative isolated compound APSP-3 was scrutinized based on HPTLC-DPPH bioautography. The APSP-3 was found novel and spectroscopic data revealed the plausible structure; 7-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-2-(4-((3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy) phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one. Moreover, APSP-3 ascribed higher free radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 38.70 ± 3.5 µg/mL than standard ascorbic acid (75.19 ± 1.5 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity evaluation of APHA extract exhibited IC50 value 122.09 µg/mL for HepG2, 122.61 µg/mL for MCF-7, and 48.08 µg/mL for HCT116 cell lines, while APSP-3 displayed IC50 values 96.75 for HepG2, 61.67 for MCF-7, and 47.61 µg/mL for HCT116 cell lines.

Conclusions

In a nutshell, HPTLC-directed bioautography leads to the capturing of new flavonoid entity having antioxidant potency from APHA extract. The IC50 values obtained from cytotoxicity establish a dose–response relationship helping to determine the concentration at which a substance begins to exhibit toxic effects. This fundamental information is crucial for establishing safe dosage level in medical and pharmaceutical applications. Further, research engrossed in assessing other bioactivities involving in silico and in vivo studies obliged to offer a promising and secure portrayal for clinical implications.

Graphical abstract
Impact of the Japanese Government's ‘General Principles of Suicide Prevention Policy’ on youth suicide from 2007 to 2022
Authors: Matsumoto Ryusuke , Motomura Eishi , Shiroyama Takashi , Okada Motohiro
Published: December 2023

Background

The Japanese Government programme ‘General Principles of Suicide Prevention Policy' (GPSPP) contributed to decreasing suicide mortality rates (SMRs) before the COVID-19 pandemic, but they increased after the pandemic.

Aims

To identify risk factors for youth suicide and the impact of GPSPP on youth suicide.

Method

Annual suicide numbers during 2007–2022 were obtained from government databases. SMRs of student and non-student youths were analysed with a linear mixed-effects model. Interrupted time-series analysis was conducted to investigate temporal relations between three GPSPP periods and SMRs with 52 suicide motives among high school, special vocational school and university students. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of grade repetition on university student SMRs.

Results

Non-student youth SMRs were higher than student SMRs. School-related (worrying about the future/underachievement), health-related (mainly mental illness) and family-related (conflict with parent and severe verbal reprimands) motives were major motives for student SMRs. During the first GPSPP period (2007–2012), no student SMRs decreased. During the second period (2012–2017), university and special vocational school student SMRs increased, but high school student SMRs were unchanged. In contrast, during the third period (2017–2022), with the exception of male special vocational school students, all SMRs increased. Unexpectedly, long-term grade repetition was negatively associated with health-related SMRs.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that GPSPP-supported programmes in schools partially contributed to student suicide prevention. To suppress increasing student SMRs, social/life support specialists should participate in in-school support services to bolster the social standing and lives of students who repeat grades or experience setbacks.
A Rare Case When Acromegaly Meets Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Gabbay Jacob , Steinmetz-Wood Samantha , Chamorro-Pareja Natalia , Barrett Kaitlyn
Published: December 2023

Acromegaly is very uncommon, as is non-iatrogenic Cushing syndrome; we discuss a patient who was found to have both a pituitary adenoma causing acromegaly and a cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma causing Cushing syndrome within 1 year. She was a healthy, 44-year-old woman who presented with visual changes and was found to have bitemporal hemianopsia and a 3.3-cm pituitary mass along with central hypogonadism, central hypothyroidism, and suppressed adrenocorticotropin and discrepant cortisol. After transsphenoidal resection she had declining, but persistently elevated, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), raising concern for persistent acromegaly. She also was experiencing several cushingoid symptoms and was found to have elevated salivary and urinary cortisol. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a 3.1-cm adrenal adenoma, and she subsequently underwent adrenalectomy. Following adrenalectomy, her cortisol levels normalized, and her IGF-1, growth hormone, and oral glucose tolerance test showed substantial improvement consistent with previous reports linking hypercortisolism and elevated IGF-1 levels. Combinations of pituitary and adrenal disease are seen in a handful of genetic syndromes; however, her clinical presentation and genetics do not fit with known syndromes. This case describes two rare endocrine tumors in one patient and associated limitations of routine laboratory testing.
Insulin Edema Associated With Glargine
Authors: Wood Jessica , Samji Varun , Celi Francesco S , Majety Priyanka
Published: December 2023

Insulin edema is a poorly understood complication of insulin therapy. It has been reported in patients with both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and typically occurs in patients with newly diagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus either after initiation or intensification of insulin therapy. A 20-year-old man presented with anorexia, polydipsia, and weight loss. Serum glucose on admission was 824 mg/dL (45.8 mmol/L) and hemoglobin A1c was >14.0. Additional workup was notable for positive anti-IA2 antibodies and low C-peptide of 0.5 ng/mL (1.1-4.4 ng/mL). He was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and was started on insulin therapy with glargine and lispro. Within 4 days after insulin initiation, he developed bilateral leg swelling and reported a 25-pound (11.3-kg) weight gain over the next 10 days. After excluding other systemic causes of edema such as heart failure, renal failure, and liver failure, a diagnosis of insulin edema was made. Insulin glargine was switched to insulin degludec. Complete resolution of edema occurred within 3 days of switching the insulins. Insulin edema is a diagnosis of exclusion. Insulin's role in renal sodium handling, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability have been postulated as possible mechanisms. Clinicians should be aware of this rare complication.
RlmQ: a newly discovered rRNA modification enzyme bridging RNA modification and virulence traits inStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Bahena-Ceron Roberto , Teixeira Chloé , Ponce Jose R. Jaramillo , Wolff Philippe , Couzon Florence , François Pauline , Klaholz Bruno P. , Vandenesch François , Romby Pascale , Moreau Karen , Marzi Stefano
Published: December 2023

rRNA modifications play crucial roles in fine-tuning the delicate balance between translation speed and accuracy, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Comparative analyses of the rRNA modifications in taxonomically distant bacteria could help define their general, as well as species-specific, roles. In this study, we identified a new methyltransferase, RlmQ, inStaphylococcus aureusresponsible for the Gram-positive specific m7G2601, which is not modified inEscherichia coli(G2574). We also demonstrate the absence of methylation on C1989, equivalent toE. coliC1962, which is methylated at position 5 by the Gram-negative specific RlmI methyltransferase, a paralog of RlmQ. Both modifications (S. aureusm7G2601 andE. colim5C1962) are situated within the same tRNA accommodation corridor, hinting at a potential shared function in translation. Inactivation ofS. aureus rlmQcauses the loss of methylation at G2601 and significantly impacts growth, cytotoxicity, and biofilm formation. These findings unravel the intricate connections between rRNA modifications, translation, and virulence in pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria.
Modified ferriman-gallwey score and hirsutism among normal healthy female population
Authors: Bibi Samina , Malik Suleman Elahi , Zeb Saima , Javed Javeria
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Hirsutism by using the mFG score and to identify the mean mFG score among the normal healthy female population of Peshawar.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 normal healthy married women aged between 20 to 40 years from 14th April 2022 to 13th October 2022 at Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar. The mFG score was used to evaluate Hirsutism, a score of eight or above was regarded as indicative of Hirsutism.

Results: The mean modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score was 8.89 ± 4.33. 255 (56.9%) of the individuals had a mFG score of more than 8. These people showed mild hirsutism in 52.0% of cases, moderate hirsutism in 4.5% of cases, and severe hirsutism in 0.4% of cases. It was observed that the lower abdomen and thigh region had the highest prevalence of mild to moderate hirsutism, with a considerable number of individuals scoring two and three. Conversely, the back and buttocks showed predominantly minimal to no hirsutism, with the majority of participants scoring 0 and 1. There was no discernible difference in mean mFG scores between age groups, according to statistical analysis (p=0.195). Intriguingly, rates of hirsutism were found to be higher in urban versus rural populations, at 78.7% versus 36.6%, respectively (p<0.01). In addition, 80.3% of people who had a positive family history of hirsutism had a mFG score of 8 or higher.

Conclusion: The prevalence of Hirsutism among the normal healthy female population based on the mFG score was relatively high.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.8138

How to cite this: Bibi S, Malik SE, Zeb S, Javed J. Modified ferriman-gallwey score and hirsutism among normal healthy female population. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.8138

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A digital twin-based analysis method to assess geometric variations for parts in batch production
Authors: Zhi Junnan , Cao Yanlong , Li Tukun , Nabil Anwer , Liu Fan , Jiang Xiangqian , Yang Jiangxin
Published: December 2023

Background In mass production, engineers are more concerned with the statistical distribution accuracy of parts in mass production rather than just the qualification of individual parts. However, currently, the statistical analysis methods designed for product accuracy are relatively scattered, and most of them focus on nominal part models. Therefore, there is a need to design a statistical analysis method for parts in mass production based on the Digital Twin model. >Methods This paper presents a novel method to analyse the geometric variations of parts in batch production in the production line, which is based on digital twins to model and evaluate deviations contributed by the geometrical condition, assembly condition and material condition. Firstly, the statistical descriptions of the parts, particularly the features of a digital twin for parts in batch production related to the geometry and position, are classified into various hierarchies. Secondly, a covariance method is employed to analyse the law of their shape from the descriptions. Thirdly, the parts' shape feature similarity for different terms is derived, including the linear features of pose constraint, rotation deviation, and geometric deviation and the curve features like a geometric deviation. Finally, the probability distribution of discrete points on the manufacturing error caused by different reasons is calculated. Results Two case studies of reducer and rail highlight the applicability of the proposed approach. The standard deviation of the points has similar trend with sample cases according to normal distribution. Conclusions This paper categorizes the deviations of batch parts into the linear features of pose constraint, rotation deviation, and geometric deviation. When batch parts exhibit any of these deviation types, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of their covariance matrix show certain patterns, enabling the identification of the deviation type and calculation of the statistical deviation probability distribution for the corresponding features.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF MANIPULATIONS AND ABUSE AS FORMS OF UNEQUAL SOCIAL EXCHANGE
Authors: Chuloshnikov Alexey I.
Published: December 2023

Relevance. Denoted as the presence of deficiency, weak ordering of scientific opinions on classification criteria, differentiation, and description of manipulation and abuse (especially, psychological abuse) processes with current cultural and practical demand.

Objective. A comparative analysis of manipulation and abuse (physical and psychological) phenomena as forms of unequal social exchange, the process and consequences of their implementation in particular was made.

Methodology and basic concepts. The search of relevant literature on the topic with the help of which definitions and criteria describing and differentiating these phenomena were formulated.

Results. As procedural criteria for comparison the author considers the attitude towards subjectivity of an abused/manipulated object (the simulation of subjectivity and its destruction); the influence targets (the motivational sphere, understanding of one’s needs or physical/psychological conditions for the implementation of volition); the subject of exchange (a wide range of possible resources, such as the need for security). As a result, the differences between manipulation and abuse is that in the first case motivational bases of the object’s activity gets distorted, but generally remains functioning, while in the second case the activity is interrupted and violated, and the exploitation implements through the desubjectivation. Thus, the consequences of manipulation are majorly associated with possible disorders of the motivational sphere, while the experienced abuse might affect mental qualities related to volitional functions, which determine not the direction of the one’s activity, but the activity itself, i.e., potentially a wider range of deformed structures.
ENHANCEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF EDUCATIONAL PROFESSIONALS IN THE CONTEXT OF ORGANIZING METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT
Authors: Belovitskaya Svetlana I. , Epova Nadezhda P.
Published: December 2023

The article is dedicated to the issues of improving the professional competencies of educational professionals through the organization of methodological support within the framework of creating a unified system of professional development and implementing the “Modern School” federal project.

The authors disclose the specifics of methodological support for educators aimed at identifying professional deficits, employing individual educational route technologies, and developing competence enhancement programs. The authors present a model of organizing methodological support for educational professionals, including a component for future educators, thereby proving the importance of organizing methodological interaction with practicing educators to shape a new type of university graduate capable of continuous professional growth. The authors are convinced that involving educators and students, i.e. future educators, in scientific and methodological events, including joint planning, contributes to the development of analytical skills and methodological culture, enhances professional mastery, fosters the establishment of conscious professional positions, and improves communication formats. Special attention is given by the authors to the application of normative and legal foundations for the organization of a multi-level methodological support system involving various methodological structures, professional communities, and subject associations.

The article is addressed to the faculty and staff of the supplementary professional education system, research workers, doctoral students, teachers, and students of educational institutions, as well as those interested in educational issues in the field of improving the professional competence of educational professionals.
Chrześcijaństwo religią
Authors: Sakowicz Eugeniusz
Published: December 2023

Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest rozumienie religii w ogóle i chrześcijaństwa w szczególności. Celem zaś – ukazanie istoty religii oraz specyfiki chrześcijaństwa. Problematyka badawcza dotyczy istoty religii, na którą wskazują jej definicje oraz funkcje. Udzielono odpowiedzi na pytania: Czym to jest religia? Jakie są jej komponenty, składowe? Jakie elementy ją konstytuują? W artykule wykorzystano metodę analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa oraz analizę fenomenologiczną i syntetyczną.
Właściwe zrozumienie istoty religii, w tym chrześcijaństwa, które skoncentrowane jest na Bogu w Trójcy Jedynym i Jezusie Chrystusie oraz człowieku, ma szereg implikacji dla praktyki. Pozwala m.in. demaskować manipulację religią w życiu społecznym i politycznym. Poznanie chrześcijaństwa jako religii może stanowić przygotowanie do dialogu interkulturowego, międzyreligijnego oraz ekumenicznego. Ważne tu jest teoretyczne przygotowanie, które daje podstawę do aktywnego, praktycznego zaangażowania się w dzieło dialogu, a także w dzieło edukacji, nie tyko młodego pokolenia.
Miejsce religii w życiu osób zdolnych
Authors: Kamińska Aneta Monika
Published: December 2023

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie miejsca religii w życiu badanych osób zdolnych. Przedmiotem badań własnych uczyniono rozumienie religii przez osoby zdolne. Badania zostały przeprowadzone za pomocą metod jakościowych w paradygmacie interpretatywnym. Użyto do nich analizy proksemicznej. Analiza wyników badań prowadzi do wniosku, że religia jest istotna w życiu badanych osób zdolnych. Jest ona nieodzownym elementem na ich drodze do dojrzałości osobowej i wszechstronnego rozwoju. Wiara w Boga pozwala im odkrywać sens życia, pomaga określać własne cele i pomyślnie je realizować. Dzięki niej osoby badane odkrywają poczucie wspólnoty i zyskują oparcie w innych wierzących osobach – przyjaciołach z parafii i członkach rodziny. Wiara umacnia ich w poczuciu bezpieczeństwa i doświadczeniu indywidualnego spełnienia oraz chroni od powielania destrukcyjnych wzorców. Posiadanie zdolności ogólnych, specyficznych i wysokich wyników w nauce nie przeszkadza badanym w przeżywaniu swojej wiary. Wśród implikacji pedagogicznych na podkreślenie zasługuje konieczność integralnego postrzegania osoby, która do holistycznego rozwoju potrzebuje również wiary w Boga. W tej perspektywie wierzący wychowawcy, nauczyciele i rodzice mogą być wzorem dla młodych pokoleń oraz towarzyszyć im w ich wierze i codziennym życiu.
Religijność młodych Niemców i nauczanie religii w niemieckich szkołach państwowych
Authors: Sander Aleksandra
Published: December 2023

W artykule zaprezentowano dane empiryczne obrazujące system wartości młodych Niemców oraz pozycję, jaką zajmuje w nim religijność. Powołano się w nim na badania nad młodzieżą (Shell Jugendstudie), które zrealizowano w latach 2015 i 2019 (przedostatnie i ostatnie opublikowane studia nad młodzieżą). Dokonano również deskrypcji podstawowych aktów prawnych, których zapisy odnoszą się do nauczania religii w szkołach państwowych. Pokazane zostały również przykładowe rozwiązania dotyczące nauczania religii i etyki praktykowane w poszczególnych krajach związkowych Niemieckiej Republiki Federalnej.
El aprendizaje de las ciencias sociales y las diferencias basadas en el género en aicle. Un estudio preliminar.
Authors: Nieto Moreno de Diezmas Esther , Hill Thomas Matthew
Published: December 2023

This article shows the preliminary results of a longitudinal study that aims to (i) determine the impact of bilingual education on the acquisition of contents related to social sciences, and (ii) its effect on the reduction of gender-based achievement differences. To this end, the results of students in the 4th year of primary education (n = 119) of one bilingual and one nonbilingual school located in an urban area were compared. It was guaranteed that the groups were homogeneous in terms of socio-economic level, that they had received a similar teaching methodology and same amount of social science teaching hours (3 hours a week). The results showed (i) the students who received the subject of social sciences in English had acquired knowledge in a similar manner to those who had received it in their mother tongue and (ii) the bilingual education levelled the gender differences observed in the non-bilingual school in favour of males.
Pominięcia prawodawcze w procesie sądowego stosowania prawa
Authors: Adamowski Jan , Daroszewski Paweł , Jabłońska Paulina , Kielan Bartosz , Korzeniowski Łukasz
Published: December 2023

Praca Pominięcia prawodawcze w procesie sądowego stosowania prawa zawiera wyniki badań prowadzonych przez członków Koła Naukowego Prawa Konstytucyjnego TBSP UJ w projekcie o tym samym tytule, zrealizowanym w Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim z grantu przyznanego w konkursie Ministerstwa Edukacji i Nauki pn. „Studenckie koła naukowe tworzą innowacje”. W książce przedstawiono nowe ujęcie tematu podejmowanego w polskiej doktrynie prawa konstytucyjnego, koncentrując uwagę na pominięciu prawodawczym jako konkretnym problemie w procesie sądowego stosowania prawa. Czytelnik znajdzie w tej publikacji wnioski i uogólnienia formułowane na podstawie analizy prowadzonej na trzech płaszczyznach: empirycznej, teoretycznej i dogmatycznej.