bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of NIRCam on JWST in Flight
Authors: Rieke Marcia J. , Kelly Douglas M. , Misselt Karl , Stansberry John , Boyer Martha , Beatty Thomas , Egami Eiichi , Florian Michael , Greene Thomas P. , Hainline Kevin , Leisenring Jarron , Roellig Thomas , Schlawin Everett , Sun Fengwu , Tinnin Lee , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Wilson Debra , Clark Charles R. , Rohrbach Scott , Brooks Brian , Canipe Alicia , Correnti Matteo , DiFelice Audrey , Gennaro Mario , Girard Julian , Hartig George , Hilbert Bryan , Koekemoer Anton M. , Nikolov Nikolay K. , Pirzkal Norbert , Rest Armin , Robberto Massimo , Sunnquist Ben , Telfer Randal , Wu Chi Rai , Ferry Malcolm , Lewis Dan , Baum Stefi , Beichman Charles , Doyon René , Dressler Alan , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Ferrarese Laura , Hodapp Klaus , Horner Scott , Jaffe Daniel T. , Johnstone Doug , Krist John , Martin Peter , McCarthy Donald W. , Meyer Michael , Rieke George H. , Trauger John , Young Erick T.
Published: February 2023

The Near Infrared Camera for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is delivering the imagery that astronomers have hoped for ever since JWST was proposed back in the 1990s. In the Commissioning Period that extended from right after launch to early 2022 July, NIRCam has been subjected to a number of performance tests and operational checks. The camera is exceeding prelaunch expectations in virtually all areas, with very few surprises discovered in flight. NIRCam also delivered the imagery needed by the Wavefront Sensing Team for use in aligning the telescope mirror segments.
SOFIA+FORCAST Lunar Legacy Project Processing Procedure
Authors: Arredondo A. , Honniball C. I. , Lucey P. G. , Reach W. T. , Malaret E. R. , Thorpe A.
Published: February 2023

The aim of the Lunar Legacy Project is to map the distribution of water on the Moon’s surface through the detection and characterization of the 6 μm spectral band indicative of molecular water. Spectra were taken with the Faint Object infraRed Camera for the SOFIA Telescope instrument on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) between 2018 and 2022. This paper describes the processing steps necessary to reduce the raw data downloaded from the SOFIA archive to create flux-calibrated spectra. The reduction mostly requires the SOFIA Redux package which can be downloaded from the SOFIA website, and some steps in the process require scripts written by our team in Python.
Twin cogenesis
Authors: Feng Wan-Zhe , Yu Jiang-Hao
Published: February 2023

We investigate a cogenesis mechanism within the twin Higgs setup that can naturally explain the nature of dark matter, the cosmic coincidence puzzle, little hierarchy problem, leptogenesis, and the tiny neutrino masses. Three heavy Majorana neutrinos are introduced to the standard model sector and the twin sector respectively, which explain the tiny neutrino masses and generate the lepton asymmetry and the twin lepton asymmetry at the same time. The twin cogenesis mechanism applies to any viable twin Higgs model without an explicit

Z

2

breaking in the leptonic sector and evading the ΔN
eff constraint. We illustrate the twin cogenesis mechanism using the neutrino-philic twin two Higgs doublet model, a newly proposed model to lift the twin neutrino masses with spontaneous

Z

2

breaking. The dark photon with a Stueckelberg mass


(
10
)

MeV ensures the energy in the twin sector as well as the symmetric component of twin sector particles can be depleted. The lightest twin baryons are the dark matter candidates with masses of approximately 5.5 GeV, which explains naturally the amount of dark matter and visible matter in the Universe are of the same order. We also demonstrate twin cogenesis in the fraternal twin Higgs setup, in which the dark matter candidate is the twin bottom bound state

Ω

b

′

b

′

b

′

′

.
The physics basis to integrate an MHD stable, high-power hybrid scenario to a cool divertor for steady-state reactor operation
Authors: Turco F. , Petrie T. , Osborne T. , Petty C.C. , Luce T.C. , Grierson B. , Odstrcil T. , Van Zeeland M.A. , Liu D. , Casali L. , Boyes W. , Smith S.P. , Shen H. , Kostuk M. , Brennan D.
Published: February 2023

Coupling a high-performance core to a low heat flux divertor is a crucial step for ITER and a Fusion Pilot Plant or DEMO. Experiments in DIII-D recently expanded the steady-state hybrid scenario to high density and divertor impurity injection to study the feasibility of a radiating mantle solution. This work presents the physics basis for trade-offs between density, current drive and stability to tearing modes (TMs) at high β. EC power is crucial to tailor the plasma profiles into a passively stable state, and to eject impurities from the core. Off-axis EC depositions decrease the heating efficiency, but calculated electron heat transport coefficients show that this effect is partially mitigated by improved confinement inside the EC deposition. Additionally, the reduction in pressure is recovered by increasing the density. This favourable scaling of confinement with density was observed in high power plasmas for years, and this work provides a comprehensive explanation. ELITE predictions indicate that a path in peeling-ballooning stability opens up for certain conditions of density, power, q
95 and shaping, allowing the edge pressure to continue increasing without encountering a limit. In the core, calculated anomalous fast-ion diffusion coefficients are consistent with density fluctuation measurements in the toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmode range, showing that smaller fast-ion losses contribute to the enhanced confinement at high density. The edge integration study shows that divertor heat loads can be reduced with Ne and Ar injection, but this eventually triggers a cascade of n = 1, 2, 3 core TMs. We can now show that impurity radiation in the core is small and it is not the cause for the drop in confinement at high Ar and Ne injection rates. The overlap between the core TMs is consistent with the loss of pressure as estimated by the Belt model for the coupled rational surfaces. Optimization of these trade-offs has achieved plasmas with sustained H
98y2 = 1.7, f
GW = 0.7 and ∼85% mantle radiation. The scenario and its variations at higher density and on- vs off-axis EC heating has been studied as a candidate for an integrated solution for several reactor designs, such as ITER, ARC, and the ARIES-ACT1 case, showing promising results in terms of fusion power and gain.
Broadening of microwave heating beams in the DIII-D tokamak by edge turbulence
Authors: Brookman M.W. , Holland L.A. , Thomas M.B. , Austin M.E. , Barada K. , Gentle K.W. , La Haye R.J. , Leddy J.B. , Petty C.C. , Rhodes T.L. , Yan Z. , Vann R.G.L. , Köhn-Seemann A.
Published: February 2023

We have demonstrated for the first time that turbulent plasma density fluctuations in the edge of the DIII-D tokamak are responsible for substantial broadening of an injected microwave beam by successful quantitative comparison between experimental observations and first principles 2D full-wave simulations. The broadening of the beam has important implications for control of tokamak discharges through localized electron cyclotron deposition needed for eliminating magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. This new predictive capability is mandatory to design & operate present & future tokamaks in such a way that microwave heating schemes achieve their intended objectives.
Assessment of the technical condition of bridge crossings on the main canals of irrigation systems
Authors: Bandurin M A , Prikhodko I A , Bandurina I P , Rudenko A A
Published: February 2023

Currently, it is necessary to assess competently and timely the technical condition of long-operated bridge crossings on the main canals of irrigation systems with increasing loads. The article considers structures with various defects and damages by the example of the Abinsky irrigation system of the Lower Kuban, examines the history of the issue of assessing the remaining resource of bridge structures. It includes the values of coefficients of significance of bridge crossing structures on the main canals of irrigation systems obtained by the authors based on the results of calculation. When designing irrigation systems, the estimated service life was no more than thirty years. Currently, on average, more than fifty years have already passed since the commissioning of the main irrigation systems, for example, in Krasnodar Territory. At the moment, the determination of the true value of the remaining resource is massively in demand not only in the construction field and hydraulic engineering, but also in many other branches of industrial production. For more effective control over the technical condition of bridge crossings on the main canals of irrigation systems, scientific and practical interest is primarily not only an understanding of the actual condition of the structure at the time of the survey, but also its alternative change, i.e. the forecast of its remaining resource. Assessment of the technical condition of the bridge crossing structures on the main canal is determining the possibility of their further long-term operation, the need for strengthening, reconstruction of bridge crossings on the main canals of irrigation systems.
Efficiency of innovative technologies in agriculture and water industry
Authors: Zolotarev N V , Korchevskaya Yu V , Trotsenko I A
Published: February 2023

Flooding of agricultural areas negatively affects soil fertility, phytomass formation regimes and productivity of natural phytocenoses. Due to the transition to the digitalization of agriculture, it became possible to model various natural processes, including the movement of water flows in soils. Various software options are used to model flooding processes, which solves local problems and is quite expensive. Spreadsheets are an affordable solution to this problem. When implementing computer modeling using the finite difference algorithm in spreadsheets, it is necessary to rely on physical modeling of groundwater movement processes. The distribution of flooding is simulated at the stand reflecting the plane-parallel nature of groundwater movement. The analysis of the calculation results given in the paper revealed errors in the obtained results. The reason for discrepancy in the study results was determined based on the obtained data.
Use of centrifugal pumps with canned asynchronous motors in sprinkler irrigation systems in a finely dispersed mode of operation
Authors: Chernykh A G
Published: February 2023

The formation of new high-tech markets in the agro-industrial complex should be based on a systematic approach to achieve a number of goals, including meeting the mid-spatial needs of crops for water and dissolved nutrients. The use of such technologies in irrigation involves the design and subsequent technical implementation of the system, taking into account the achievement of a number of goals, in particular, the ability to control the irrigation process by meeting the specific needs of individual plants, and not irrigation, in which the process parameters are averaged over the entire sown area. The paper presents a scheme and algorithm for the operation of a sprinkler irrigation system with hydraulic, electric and reciprocating machines, which makes it possible to obtain the required target values of integral performance indicators, uniformity of water supply and relative infiltration rate for the irrigated area in the process of its practical implementation. Taking into account various combinations of parameters of the main mechanisms of the irrigation system under study, equilibrium and material balance equations are written for dynamic models corresponding to these mechanisms. For the accepted ratio, which determines the kinetic energy of a drop per unit area, an expression is obtained for calculating the speed of a drop in air with a variable mass. The given scheme of the network makes it possible to ensure the supply of water for irrigation, taking into account the degree of remoteness of the irrigated area from the source of water supply and, secondly, the possible combination of options for its operation in relation to two irrigation methods: gravity and mechanical water supply using a diesel pumping unit and a sealed centrifugal pump with a canned asynchronous motor.
Effect of deep softeners on irrigation, salt washing and cotton yield on soils whose mechanical composition is heavy and meliorative status is difficult
Authors: Juraev A K , Khamidov M Kh , Juraev U A , Atamuradov B N , Murodov O U , Rustamova K B , Najmiddinov M M
Published: February 2023

In the article, studies were conducted on the economy of quality saline washing and irrigation water of saline soils by deepening medium coarse soils with a mechanical content of melioration, plaster, salinity in the conditions of Bukhara region. In experiments, basically, there were three ways to soften the field: plowing in the first experiments at a depth of 35 cm, plowing in the second experiment at 60 cm, and plowing in the third experiments at a depth of 80 cm. During the experiments, in the first variant of the studies, the norm of salt washing was set to 6480 cbm/ha, in the second variant to 5210 cbm/ha and in the third variant to 5010 cbm/ha. First studies in irrigation of Bukhara included 102 varieties, that is, in the control variant to 5821 cbm/ha, in the second variant to 5284 cbm/ha and in the third variant to 5100 cbm/ha. They were watered 5 times during the season. At the same time, high quality cotton was harvested due to the increase in the cotton yield to 0.39 t/ha in variant 2 and 0.129 t/ha in variant 3 compared to the control. And the land reclamation situation improved. The amount of chlorine ion in the active layer is 0.003 in variant 2 compared to the control. The amount of dry residue decreased by 0.058% in variant 2 and the amount of dry residue by 0.063% in variant 3.
Efficiency of drip irrigation technology of cotton in saline soils of Bukhara oasis
Authors: Kh Khamidov M , Juraev U A , Buriev X B , Juraev A K , Saksonov U S , Sharifov F K , Isabaev K T
Published: February 2023

This article presents the results of scientific research on the use of cotton drip irrigation technology in conditions of water scarcity, saving water resources, assessing the growth and yield of cotton. At the same time, the technology of drip irrigation in the cultivation of the “Bukhara-102” variety of cotton was compared with the options grown in the traditional way. During the experiments, in the control field for the cultivation of the Bukhara-102 variety of cotton, i.e. in the 1st variant, which was irrigated by land invasion, irrigation was carried out 5 times during the growing season according to the scheme 1-3-1. 1240 cbm·ha-1, the seasonal irrigation norm, was 4780 cbm·ha−1; in drip irrigation in variant 2, the irrigation regime was 8 times. The cotton was irrigated according to the scheme 2-5-1. During the period of cotton growing and irrigation, irrigation works were carried out at the rate of 462-488 cbm·ha−1 and seasonal irrigation at the rate of 3339 cbm·ha−1. Less water was used in 1916 cbm·ha−1. When the effect of drip irrigation technology on the yield of cotton was studied, the yield of cotton in the first variant was 3.58 t·ha−1, while in the second variant of drip irrigation was 4.49 t/ha−1. This is 0.91 t·ha−1 higher than the control variant.
Present-day state of technical water supply system “Kuyimozor” at auxiliary pump station
Authors: Mirzaev M
Published: February 2023

Pumping stations that receive water from the Amu Darya serve to supply high-turbidity water to agricultural crops in adverse weather conditions. This article provides an analysis of the technical water supply system of the Kuyimozor auxiliary pumping station in the Amu Darya Basin. The performance of all elements of the system was thoroughly studied and the turbidity of the water in front of the pumping station was analyzed. Various shortcomings have been identified in the system and conclusions have been drawn on these shortcomings.
Analysis of the HES state of the Kutuzovsky reservoir on the Crimean Peninsula
Authors: Volosukhin Ya V , Kipkeeva P A , Appoeva L I , Bolakova F M , Abaykhanova A A
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the analysis of full-scale observations of the HES state of the Kutuzovsky reservoir, which to date is the last one built in the Crimea. The paper gives graphical description of objects of water body inspection, results of data on deformations (sediments and horizontal displacements of measuring works) occurring in the body of the dam. Documentation on safety assessment of hydraulic structures of the facility is provided. Probable harm of three scenarios with the formation of a hole in the body of a dam, in which hydrodynamic accident takes place, was calculated. Recommendations for further HES operation are given.
Implementation of «lean manufacturing» technologies in rice irrigation systems of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Prikhodko I A , Chebanova E F , Bandurin M A , Bandurina I P
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the issues of improving the planning of land reclamation activities in rice irrigation systems due to the increasing shortage of water resources. Rice is the most important crop in ensuring Russia’s food security. The modern stage of rice production involves large expenditures of resources, including water. The main “tool” of rice production is rice irrigation systems. Optimization of rice production should be based on taking into account the factors and parameters of rice cultivation, the best practices of leading rice-growing countries and the level of scientific and technological progress. The main difficulty of developing new resource-saving technologies lies in the balanced management of available resources. Such management is possible only when taking into account all the connections and relationships of factors and parameters that affect the final result - yield. Therefore, to solve the problem of obtaining guaranteed rice yields, it is necessary to solve equations with a number of constraints and several objective functions. The solution of such issues requires a progressive and multilevel approach using statistical analysis of the available monitoring data, using a mathematical apparatus implemented in a simulation-optimization mathematical model. Therefore, the presented studies are relevant, and their solution will strengthen Russia’s food security. The main and major task of resource allocation is to reduce the cost of agro-reclamation activities. The achievement of this task is implemented by the developed ecological-adaptive methodology, including optimization of land reclamation measures, taking into account the uncertainty of the initial information to ensure the effectiveness of management decisions on the rice irrigation system. This approach will allow employees of the agro-industrial complex to make management decisions in a timely manner, receive guaranteed yields of high-quality rice grains, and rice crops rotation.
Bioresource potential of Phytoplankton of lake Khadicha (Bukhara, Uzbekistan)
Authors: Kobulova B B , Tashpulatov Y Sh
Published: February 2023

The most complete state of the aquatic ecosystem can be assessed by the composition of communities of aquatic organisms. The intensive supply of nutrients reduces the diversity and productivity of water bodies and increases the production of a limited number of species. In this article, the ecological state of the lake and its influence on the abundance and biomass of the phytoplankton composition of this lake are carried out. In the study of the shallow Lake Hadicha, a massive vegetation of the cyanobacterium Spirulina tenuissima Kütz was found. Large reserves of raw spirulina biomass in summer make it possible to use the lake as a source of valuable biological raw materials. Suburban reservoirs perform an important function of the regulator of the water regime of landscapes, they largely maintain its balance and redistribute moisture. At the same time, suburban water bodies are characterized by a high level of vulnerability, not only in case of excessive use of water resources, but also in the development of the adjacent territory.
Interaction of the fluid film with the oncoming steam flow in the thermosiphon transport zone
Authors: Yuldashov A A , Dustova D Kh , Duskarayev A N , Rustamov E T
Published: February 2023

If the liquid film flows from the wall of the channel down and the core of the flow consists of one wind mixture of steam and small liquid drops, then this is called the flow mode of the steam-water mixture. In this case, a one-phase flow theory can be used, which provides the easiest way to study two-phase flows. Steam is a mixture of water, perceived as a quasicontinuum, for which the average properties of the flow are determined. The liquid film reacts with the approaching flow in the opposite direction of the phases with high humidification on their surfaces. In this case, external and internal problems of the flow of the hydrogen vapor mixture along the wall of the channel and the flow of the film will be considered. They can be expressed through the movement of velocities and phases on the surface of the film due to the increase in the interference between them.
Drip irrigation advantages for the cotton field in conditions of salty earth in Bukhara province region
Authors: Matyakubov B , Nurov D , Teshaev U , Kobulov K
Published: February 2023

Beginning with the existing irrigation technique used in cotton farming, this paper aims to compare the outcomes of using drip irrigation with traditional irrigation. There are drip irrigation advantages for the cotton field aimed at saving water and other resources, which is demonstrated by the example of decreasing the percent of losses and increasing the outputs and crop yields. Such irrigation conditions allowed collecting and saving water resources per hectare and increasing productivity, decreasing water consumption of surface irrigation thanks to wear-resistant cast iron parts that extended equipment life.
Neural network system for recognition and visualization of problem areas of crops in precision farming: justification of application and aspects of implementation
Authors: Tokarev K E , Lebed N I
Published: February 2023

The problem of recognizing the state and visualization of problem areas of crops in precision farming includes agrobiological, optical-spectral, mathematical-algorithmic and other aspects. The difficulties arising in the process of analyzing and classifying images of remote monitoring of crops necessitate the development and adaptation of methods of their computer analysis using neural network algorithms. The results of the study showed that the most effective approach to image classification is a combination of preprocessing methods followed by recognition by neural network algorithms for the rapid identification of defective areas of various nature.
Modes of operation of network pumps with shielded asynchronous motors in small irrigation systems with artificial pressure
Authors: Chernykh A G
Published: February 2023

The paper proposes a scheme and describes the operating modes of pumping equipment for a finely dispersed irrigation system with artificial pressure for the operating ranges of the performance of sprinklers in terms of flow. For the accepted ratio, which determines the kinetic energy of a drop per unit area, the law of drop motion in air under the action of gravity is obtained. The above network diagram in the process of regulation provides water supply for irrigation, taking into account the measured values of the sprinkler performance over time. Regulation using a centrifugal pump with a shielded asynchronous motor of the current values of water flow in the distribution pipeline connected to the sprinkler provides the technical possibility of implementing the mode corresponding to the inverted (turbine) mode of operation of the pump. The transfer of the engine to the generator mode of operation, allows you to get an autonomous three-phase source of electrical energy for the system’s own needs.
Design of an active subsurface system thermal energy supply to the bio-vegetation complex
Authors: Yudaev I V , Seregin A A , Popov M Yu , Popova R V , Daus Yu V
Published: February 2023

The efficiency of vegetable production in closed ground structures is directly dependent on the costs associated with creating artificial, controlled conditions for growing plants during the period when cultivation of them in open ground due to climatic conditions is impossible. One of the indicators of the economic efficiency of vegetable production in protected soil structures is labor costs and funds per 1 hundredweight, per 100 rubles of gross production, as well as energy costs, including thermal energy. Usually, solar, biological, electric and other types of heating are used to supply thermal energy to cultivation facilities, each of which has its own disadvantages. The bio-vegetation complexes structurally distinguished by the fact that cultivation beds are located on various foundations make it possible to create an active underground heating system. The paper presents the development of a design for an active subsurface system for thermal energy supply to the bio-vegetation complex and calculations of the main parameters of the system for autonomous operation of the object at negative outside air temperatures. The design of the active subsurface system for thermal energy supply to the bio-vegetation complex is proposed in the form of a heat-accumulating sand-gravel mass, inside of which there are heat supply circuits with a heat carrier closed with a concrete screed on top. The calculation of energy consumed by the active sub-ground thermal system providing optimal parameters of the growing medium corresponding to biological rhythms of plant development at low outside air temperatures is also presented. The study determines the area of the photovoltaic unit and the number of photovoltaic modules for generating electric energy in order to cover the spent thermal energy and the effective functioning of the active subsurface system for thermal energy supply to the bio-vegetation complex.
Ozone pest control of grain
Authors: Baskakov I V , Orobinsky V I , Gievsky A M , Gulevsky V A , Chernyshov A V
Published: February 2023

Grain insect pests impact adversely on the agrarian industry. Insects make a significant portion of crops to become unusable. During storage, lacking proper monitoring and control, different pests tend to grow in grains. In the laboratory conditions, grain cereal heaps are most often infested by grain weevils and flour beetles. Since pests are growing very rapidly, it is necessary to immediately apply pest control actions. Ozonation can effectively destroy a large proportion of insects. However, the recommended ozone concentrations for disinfection are excessive and very hazardous for humans. Therefore, lower ozone concentrations should be applied for treatment. To this end, concentrations of ozone ranging from 1.4 to 5 mg/m3 with an exposure interval of 5 hours is found to be sufficient to completely exterminate the grain weevil. It is very difficult to maintain a constant dose of the used gas mixture, so one should focus on the concentration of ozone above 1.0 g·min/m3. To completely exterminate the flour beetle, it is necessary to ozonize under the given conditions for more than 8 hours. In this situation, the ozone concentration should surpass 1.8 g·min/m3. Ozonation is carried out until the death of 40… 50% of insects, the remaining part dies over the next day.
Preparation of vegetable raw materials for food production of products with high nutritional value
Authors: Grosheva Yu N , Popova N N , Shchetilina I P , Agaeva N N
Published: February 2023

The successful development of the HoReCa segment, which is intensively developing in the Russian Federation, requires continuous innovations to ensure high demand for the goods and services offered by them. The promotion of healthy nutrition seems quite relevant. Now it has become necessary not only to cook deliciously and quickly, but also to show that the products meet the requirements of healthy nutrition. In this regard, producers seek various methods to increase the nutritional value of traditional foods. A promising direction is the introduction of unconventional vegetable raw materials into the formulations, which contain a high content of certain essential food components. The paper proposes to replace part of wheat flour in such bakery products with gram flour as an enriching ingredient. This first of all will improve the biological value of the protein in finished products. To optimize the recipe components, various indicators were studied during dough fermentation, and quality indicators of the finished products were also determined in accordance with regulatory documents. The obtained innovative products were characterized by increased biological value, high quality and organoleptic properties. The technological documentation was developed for such bakery products with increased nutritional value.
The nutritive regime for leached black soil in an apple orchard depending on fertilizers
Authors: Dzanagov S K , Gazdanov A V , Asaeva T D , Lazarov T K , Basiev A E
Published: February 2023

This article presents the results of studying the dynamics of the nutritive regime for leached black soil during the vegetation period of apple trees depending on the dosage and application times of compound fertilizers, as well as combinations of organic and mineral fertilizers. We detected a positive influence of fertilizers on the accumulation of liable forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil of the fruit orchard. The highest average content of ammonia absorbed during vegetation was observed in section N180P180K180 – 40.6 mg/kg, which was 10.4 mg/kg higher than in the unfertilized ref-erence section. The content of nitrates in the reference section was 8.9 mg/kg of the soil. The application of N60P60K60 increased their content by 2.3 mg/kg (25.8%), N90P90K90 - by 3.1 mg/kg (34.8%), N120P120K120 - by 4.8 mg/kg (53.9%). The application of mineral fertilizers at various rates had a significant impact on the content of liable phosphorus in the 0-40 cm layer of soil: its average content per vegetation period was 101.8 mg/kg of the soil for section N60P60K60 and 129,1 mg/kg for section N150P150K150. The content dynamics for exchangeable potassium in the fruit orchard soil was at the maximum at the beginning of the vegetation period and the minimum during fruit formation. Later on, the content increased during the harvesting stage but it was lower than the original level. The highest average content of exchange-able potassium per vegetation period was observed in section N150P150K150 – 184 mg/kg, which was 44 mg/kg higher than in the reference section. Out of the two sections treated with manure, the Manure 20 t/ha+N30P70 (with NPK reaching up to 120 kg/ha) section was deemed more efficient. The content of exchangeable potassium in it exceeded the reference section by 41 mg/kg.
Study of changes in soil-reclamation characteristics during collector-water irrigation
Authors: Xojamuratova R T , Jumayeva T A , Qodirov Z Z , Bozorov B E
Published: February 2023

The paper considers land and water resources use and quality of return flow and its re-use for irrigation of salt tolerant crops in conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The article considers land and water resources use and quality of return water and its reuse for irrigation of salt-tolerant crops in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The volume of the return (collector) flow and its quality in the Republic entirely depend on water availability, i.e. water availability in the Amu Darya River. In high-water years, such as 1992, 2005, 2010 and 2017, the return flow volume reached 3.0 billion m3, which constituted 35-38% of the total water withdrawal used for crop irrigation. In high-water years, almost 65% of the total water withdrawal has a salinity of 3.0 g/l, which is quite suitable for some food crops. Under conditions of fresh water deficit in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, multi-year (2000-2018) experimental-production research on collector-drainage water use for irrigation of salt-resistant forage, vegetable-gourd crops, pasture-hayfields, as well as for liman irrigation of wild forage crops (reed and others), was conducted. Based on the findings of the research, the article offers practical and scientific recommendations for solving these problems.
Application of Common Information Models for integration of rural electric networks information systems
Authors: Yarosh V A , Efanov A V , Yastrebov S S , Privalov E E
Published: February 2023

Geoinformation systems (GIS), regime and technological software complexes (RTSC), Outage Management System (OMS), Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE), Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA), automated information and measurement systems of power control and accounting (AIMS ECA) and other systems are widely used in the electric-power engineering. All systems have different ways of representation, storage, transformation of information and solve different problems, but initially use the description of the same objects of rural electric networks. A rural electric networks object is described as a set of graphical and semantic information. The information systems duplicate the information about the rural electric networks objects. Thus, the relevance of integration of information systems is obvious. The article considers representation of initial information about rural electric networks objects; variants and expressions describing the integration; application of exchange formats. The solution to integration problems lies in applying a universal format for exchanging the same type of data between different applications. All applications must support the Common Information Model (CIM). CIM is an object-oriented data description using XML terminology and methods. This model will solve the issue of integrating applications from different vendors and ensuring the independence of application users from its developer.
Comparative evaluation of the photosynthetic photonic efficiency of white LEDs
Authors: Smirnov A A , Proshkin Yu A , Burynin D A , Kachan S A , Daus Yu V , Panchenko V A
Published: February 2023

White LEDs are an effective solution for light culture due to the presence of the green emission spectrum, which has a positive effect on growing plants in the artificial environment. However, the assessment of the effectiveness of the application of the white LEDs for photoculture is complicated by the lack of information in the technical documentation for LEDs about their photosynthetic photon flux in the range of photosynthetically active radiation. In this regard, the purpose was to measure the photonic and energy characteristics of popular white LEDs in various operating modes and to evaluate their photosynthetic photonic efficiency. High-demand brands of LEDs of the rated power of 0.5W in SMD2835 and SMD3030 housing were selected to be studied. The luminous flux of LEDs was measured using a luminous flux meter using the “integrating sphere” method, and then their luminous efficiency and photosynthetic photonic efficiency were calculated. The highest photosynthetic radiation efficiency (more than 2.7 μmol s−1) was registered for LEDs of the color temperature of 4000K and 5000K in the SMD3030 housing, manufactured using flip-chip technology. LEDs of the color temperature of less than 3000K have the lowest photosynthetic photonic efficiency, which is primarily associated with the energy losses in the phosphor and the presence of radiation in the far-red spectrum region, which is not included in the region of photosynthetically active radiation. White LEDs can be used both separately and in combination with the red and blue LEDs, which will allow selecting the spectral composition of the radiation for the specific species and variety of plants.
Energy-saving installation for heating and cooling livestock premises using geothermal energy
Authors: Trunov S S , Tikhomirov D A , Khimenko A V , Kuzmichev A V
Published: February 2023

The article considers the calculation of the main design parameters of a geothermal air cooling system in livestock premises, which, unlike traditional systems, do not use fossil fuels to generate heat. They simply take energy from the soil, while, as a rule, electricity is used only for the operation of fans, compressors and pumps. The purpose of the study is to reduce energy consumption when creating the technologically necessary temperature and humidity conditions in premises by using the cold of the earth’s strata. The calculation of the heat exchanger installed inside the livestock premises is reduced to the choice of design and energy parameters of the surface heat exchanger of the cooling unit, as well as to the determination of the flow rate of water passing through the heat exchanger. Water cooling is done in a heat exchanger buried vertically in the soil (the so-called probe). The probe is a plastic pipe lowered into the well and filled with a special filling with good thermal conductivity. The article presents the calculation of the probe length, since this parameter of the heat exchanger-probe is the main parameter of the installation.
Justification of the traction resistance of the coulter of the onion planter for ecological production of products
Authors: Ovtov V A , Chirkova N S , Gorshkov K A , Frolov D A
Published: February 2023

Modern agricultural technologies of onion cultivation should follow high requirements for their planting. The construction of the onion planter coulter determines the quality of planting. The authors designed the drill coulter for sowing onions, which qualitatively prepares the planting furrow by leveling and compacting the surface of the furrow bottom. The use of skid coulters allows to hold them on a single row, that, including protection against damage during leveling and compaction of the furrow bottom in a single row unit, reduces the metal consumption of the coulter and increases its compactness. When determining the parameters of the coulter, considering the condition of stability of its movement when planting onion row units, a theoretical substantiation of the traction resistance was carried out. When determining the parameters of the coulter, taking into account the conditions of stability of its movement when planting the onion-sowing, a theoretical justification of the traction resistance was performed, with the possibility of regulating the pressure force of the coulter on the soil with a row spacing of 0.20 m, for the range of the speed of the sowing 3.6 …5.4 km / h, the depth of the coulter 30…50 mm when planting the onion-sowing. The design of the coulter and its theoretical justification are proposed, which makes it possible to reduce the traction resistance, as a result of which the emission of exhaust gases into the atmosphere is reduced. As a result of the uniform distribution of nutrition over the area and the uniformity of onion shoots, weeds are decline, which reduces the use of herbicides, and therefore increases the environmental friendliness of the products produced.
Softening muddy crust formed after precipitation in cotton fields applying energy and resource saving hard aggregate softener
Authors: Hasanov I S , Juraev A N , Isakov Z Sh , Sobirov K S
Published: February 2023

The present work is dedicated to agriculture mechanization for the purpose of assisting farmers in softening the muddy crust formed after rainfall in the field farming using the energy and resource-saving aggregate softener. The study overviews the worldwide experience in science and engineering to invent and disseminate the best resource saving technologies and technical devices engaged in soil crust improvement for sowing crops, including the productive scheme development for working bodies when they come in contact with the field crust meant for crop sowing.
The Associations Between Cumulative Effects of Blood Pressure From Childhood to Adulthood and Adult Subclinical Renal Damage: Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Cohort Study
Authors: Liao Yue-yuan , Yang Jun , Yang Rui-hai , Mu Jian-jun
Published: February 2023

Background

To investigate the impact of cumulative effects of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) from childhood to adulthood on adult subclinical renal damage (SRD).

Methods

A baseline survey on height, bodyweight, and blood pressure (BP) of 6- to 15-year-old school students in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, was conducted in 1987. Follow-up was conducted in 1989, 1992, 1995, 2005, 2013, and 2017. A total of 1,553 individuals who had been followed at least 4 times since baseline were included in the study. Blood and urine biochemical indexes were detected during the follow-up period. Renal function was assessed with estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. The logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships between cumulative effects or longitudinal trends of BP and adult SRD.

Results

The proportion of adult SRD in the groups with high BP cumulative effects or longitudinal trends was significantly higher than that in the normal group (cumulative effects: SBP 20.6% vs. 10.3%, P < 0.001 and DBP 22.2% vs. 9.8%, P < 0.001; longitudinal trends: SBP 17.8% vs. 11.2%, P = 0.001 and DBP 19.1% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the risk of adult SRD in the group with high BP cumulative effects (SBP: OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.45–2.96, P < 0.001; DBP: OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.59–3.19, P < 0.001) or high BP longitudinal trends (SBP: OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.00–2.05, P = 0.049; DBP: OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.05–2.13, P = 0.026) was significantly higher than that in the normal group, after adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, blood glucose, blood lipid, uric acid and other confounding factors.

Conclusions

The cumulative effects and longitudinal trends of BP from children to adults significantly increase the risk of adult SRD. Monitoring and controlling BP from childhood is important for long-term kidney health.
RNA polymerase II-associated proteins reveal pathways affected in VCP-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Rafiee Mahmoud-Reza , Rohban Sara , Davey Karen , Ule Jernej , Luscombe Nicholas M
Published: February 2023

Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is a hexameric ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities. Genetic mutations in VCP are associated with several forms of muscular and neuronal degeneration, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Moreover, VCP mediates UV-induced proteolysis of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), but little is known about the effects of VCP mutations on the transcriptional machinery. Here, we used silica particle-assisted chromatin enrichment and mass spectrometry to study proteins co-localized with RNAPII in precursor neurons differentiated from VCP-mutant or control induced pluripotent stem cells. Remarkably, we observed diminished RNAPII binding of proteins involved in transcription elongation and mRNA splicing in mutant cells. One of these is SART3, a recycling factor of the splicing machinery, whose knockdown leads to perturbed intron retention in several ALS-associated genes. Additional reduced proteins are RBM45, EIF5A and RNF220, mutations in which are associated with various neurodegenerative disorders and are linked to TDP-43 aggregation. Conversely, we observed increased RNAPII binding of heat shock proteins such as HSPB1. Together, these findings shed light on how transcription and splicing machinery are impaired by VCP mutations, which might contribute to aberrant alternative splicing and proteinopathy in neurodegeneration.
Depression mediated the relationships between precentral-subcortical causal links and motor recovery in spinal cord injury patients
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Yang , Zhou Weiqi , Li Rong , Yu Jiali , Gong Lisha , Leng Jinsong , Lu Fengmei , Hou Jingming , Chen Huafu , Gao Qing
Published: February 2023

Depression after brain damage may impede the motivation and consequently influence the motor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the neural mechanism underlying the psychological effects remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the casual connectivity changes of the emotion-motivation-motor circuit and the potential mediating effects of depression on motor recovery after SCI. Using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 35 SCI patients (24 good recoverers, GR and 11 poor recoverers, PR) and 32 healthy controls (HC), the results from the conditional Granger causality (GC) analysis demonstrated that the GR group exhibited sparser emotion-motivation-motor GC network compared with the HC and PR groups, though the in−/out-degrees of the emotion subnetwork and the motor subnetwork were relatively balanced in the HC and GR group. The PR group showed significantly inhibitory causal links from amygdala to supplementary motor area and from precentral gyrus to nucleus accumbens compared with GR group. Further mediation analysis revealed the indirect effect of the 2 causal connections on motor function recovery via depression severity. Our findings provide further evidence of abnormal causal connectivity in emotion-motivation-motor circuit in SCI patients and highlight the importance of emotion intervention for motor function recovery after SCI.
The role of magnetic sphincter augmentation in the gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment pathway: the gastroenterology perspective
Authors: Patel Amit , Gyawali C Prakash
Published: February 2023

Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) is a surgical intervention for well-characterized gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), where the esophagogastric junction barrier is augmented using a bracelet of magnetized titanium beads. MSA could be an attractive option for patients with documented GERD who wish to avoid long-term pharmacologic therapy or whose symptoms are not adequately managed with lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic therapy. The ‘ideal’ MSA patient is one with prominent regurgitation, without dysphagia or esophageal motor dysfunction, with objective evidence of GERD on upper endoscopy and/or ambulatory reflux monitoring. Appropriate candidates with significant hiatus hernia may pursue MSA with concomitant hiatus hernia repair. The increasing adoption of MSA in the GERD treatment pathway reflects research that shows benefits in long-term outcomes and healthcare costs compared with other established therapies in appropriate clinical settings.
Use of transoesophageal echocardiography to detect and manage atrial thrombi in light-chain cardiac amyloidosis: a case report
Authors: Dang Toan Quang , Hoang Sy Van
Published: February 2023

Background

Increased intracardiac thrombus formation in light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA) has been associated with thrombotic events such as stroke and high rates of mortality and morbidity.

Case summary

A 51-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with a sudden change in consciousness. His emergency brain magnetic resonance imaging showed two foci of cerebral infarction on the bilateral temporal lobes. His electrocardiogram displayed a normal sinus rhythm with low QRS voltage. Transthoracic echocardiography showed concentric thickened ventricles, dilatation of both atria, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 53%, and a Grade 3 diastolic dysfunction. The bull-eye plot on speckle tracking echocardiography displayed a distinctive apical sparing pattern. A serum-free immunoglobulin analysis showed increased lambda-free light chains (295.59 mg/L) with a reduced kappa/lambda ratio (0.08). Light-chain amyloidosis was subsequently confirmed by examining the histology of the abdominal fat-pad tissue. On transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE), an elongated static thrombus and a mobile bouncing oval thrombus were found on the left and right atrial appendages, respectively. Atrial thrombi were managed with a full dose of dabigatran of 150 mg twice daily, which resulted in a complete resolution after 2 months of TEE follow-up.

Discussion

Complicating intracardiac thrombosis has been considered one of the major contributions of death in cardiac amyloidosis. Transoesophageal echocardiography should be established to aid in the detection and management of atrial thrombus in AL-CA.