bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Young British adults’ homeownership circumstances and the role of intergenerational transfers
Authors: Suh Ellie
Published: April 2020

Despite the continuing preference for homeownership, it has become increasingly difficult for young adults to own a home in Britain. House prices have increased faster than real earnings between the mid-1990s and the 2010s, resulting in significantly deteriorated affordability. Mortgage products have also become less accessible, as a large deposit has been required to secure the loan after the financial crisis of 2008/09. Previous studies point to the increasing role of intergenerational transfers in filling this gap. Some young adults obtain help from family to become homeowners, either receiving monetary support or by saving through living at the parental home. Using the Wealth and Assets Survey, this study attempts to examine the effect of these two types of family financial support on young adults’ homeownership circumstances, and controlling for other characteristics such as parental homeownership. First, it examines the characteristics of homeowners among young adults cross-sectionally using logistic regression. Second, by focusing on the non-homeowner subsample it analyses the effect of direct (money) and indirect (co-residence) family support on young adults’ entry to homeownership in the six-year period using discrete-time event history analysis. The results show that chances of young adults’ homeownership between 2008/10 and 2014/16 are very much tied to family support. The odds of becoming homeowners who have received direct or indirect support are found to be three times higher, even after accounting for other characteristics.
Amazon River influence on nitrogen fixation in the western tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Montoya Joseph P. , Landrum Jason P. , Weber Sarah C.
Published: April 2020

We measured rates of N- and C-fixation with a direct tracer method in regions of the western tropical North Atlantic influenced by the Amazon River plume during the high flow period of 2010 (May–June 2010). We found distinct regional variations in N-fixation activity, with the
lowest rates in the plume proper and the highest rates in the plume margins and in offshore waters. A comparison of our N- and C-fixation measurements showed that the relative contribution of N-fixation to total primary production increased from the plume core toward oceanic waters, and that
most of the C-fixation in this system was supported by sources of nitrogen other than those derived from biological N-fixation, or diazotrophy. We complemented these rate experiments with measurements of the δ15N of suspended particles (δ15PN), which documented
the important and often dominant role of diazotrophs in supplying nitrogen to particulate organic matter in the water column. These coupled measurements revealed that small phytoplankton contributed more new nitrogen to the particulate nitrogen pool than larger phytoplankton. We used a habitat
classification method to assess the fac- tors that control diazotrophic activity and contribution to the suspended particle pool, both of which increased from the plume toward oceanic waters. Our findings provide an important constraint on the role of the Amazon plume in creating distinct
niches and roles for diazotrophs in the nutrient and carbon budgets of the western tropical North Atlantic.
Large transparent display based on liquid crystal technology
Authors: Feng Zhengyu , Wu Yongwei , Surigalatu B. , Zhang Xin , Chang Kuanchang
Published: April 2020

A large transparent liquid crystal display (LCD) prototype with ultrahigh transmittance and good see-through property is demonstrated in this paper. The transmittance reaches more than 20% by introducing the RGBW pixel arrangement, a thin color filter process, a large aperture ratio design, as well as antireflective polarizer film. The see-through image quality is also greatly improved by suppressing the blurring by using domain reduction pixel design. All these approaches are applicable for large LCD panel products, and we expect broad applications of large transparent LCDs in the near future.
Three-dimensional waveguide interconnects for scalable integration of photonic neural networks
Authors: Moughames Johnny , Porte Xavier , Thiel Michael , Ulliac Gwenn , Larger Laurent , Jacquot Maxime , Kadic Muamer , Brunner Daniel
Published: April 2020

Photonic waveguides are prime candidates for integrated and parallel photonic interconnects. Such interconnects correspond to large-scale vector matrix products, which are at the heart of neural network computation. However, parallel interconnect circuits realized in two dimensions, for example, by lithography, are strongly limited in size due to disadvantageous scaling. We use three-dimensional (3D) printed photonic waveguides to overcome this limitation. 3D optical couplers with fractal topology efficiently connect large numbers of input and output channels, and we show that the substrate’s area and height scale linearly. Going beyond simple couplers, we introduce functional circuits for discrete spatial filters identical to those used in deep convolutional neural networks.
Telling Big Little Lies: Writing the Female Gothic as extended metaphor in Complex Television
Authors: McVeigh Margaret
Published: April 2020

This article investigates the writing of the Female Gothic as extended metaphor in the Complex TV series Big Little Lies (2017). It builds on my earlier work, ‘Theme and complex narrative structure in HBO’s Big Little Lies 2017’ (2019), wherein I applied Porter et al.’s (2002) structuralist narrative tool, the ‘Scene Function Model’, to investigate the way narrative and theme is progressed in complex interweaving stories via the writing of core or ‘kernel’ narrative scenes. Herein, I further investigate storytelling in series TV by proposing the ‘satellite’ narrative scene as a means by which the screenwriter may conceptualize and deploy metaphor to create viewer engagement. First, I consider David E. Kelley’s series screenplay, Big Little Lies, as a blueprint for HBO’s televised series. Specifically, I apply theories of Complex TV, Gothic Television and Domestic Noir to consider how Kelley deploys the Female Gothic as extended metaphor to inform formal narrative elements including the pre-titles sequences and flashbacks repeated across episodes.
Great Adaptations: Screenwriting and Global Storytelling, Alexis Krasilovsky (2018)
Authors: Lewis Warren
Published: April 2020

Review of: Great Adaptations: Screenwriting and Global Storytelling, Alexis Krasilovsky (2018)

New York: Focal Press, 259 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13894-918-8, p/bk, £32.99
Seeing the Italian culture through the eyes of Ferzan Ozpetek: Queers, immigrants, global nomads and the changing nature of Italian society
Authors: Atay Ahmet
Published: April 2020

In this article, I analyse Ferzan Ozpetek's representation of queer narratives within the changing Italian culture and analyse his fusion of accented and cosmopolitan film aesthetics to narrate the hybrid queer and non-queer identities that his characters embody in three of his films: , and . Due to their multicultural nature, Ozpetek's films often represent in-between and multifaceted characters and exemplify culturally complex dynamic storytelling. I mainly focus on the representation of queer and immigrant identities, displacement and replacement, notions of home and the idea of family.
Bicha travesti worldmaking: Linn da Quebrada's disidentificatory performances of intersectional queerness
Authors: Moreira Raquel
Published: April 2020

Brazil has one of the highest rates of violence against trans people in the world. It is in this context of dehumanization that the work of self-identified Black travesti artist Linn da Quebrada emerges. In this article, I analyse Linn da Quebrada's performances in three of the artist's official music videos, all released in 2016: 'Talento', 'Enviadescer' and 'Bixa Preta'. After briefly introducing the ideas of embodied translation and disidentifications, I analyse Linn da Quebrada's survival strategies in terms of simultaneous rejection of cis-masculinity and the embracing of queer femininity, resulting in a bicha travesti worldmaking; a world in which travestis of colour are fully human. Ultimately, Linn da Quebrada's disidentificatory performances concomitantly suggest a mode of survival and a vehicle for structural change, both of which deserve close consideration from scholars interested in queer transnational contexts.
(De)politicized pleasures and the construction of (white) queer utopia in Netflix's Sense8
Authors: Asante Godfried , Baig Noorie , Huang Shuzhen
Published: April 2020

This article examines how the Netflix series Sense8 uses multiracial, transnational characters and relationships as a form of transgression over restrictive racial and sexual categories and their subsequent oppression. In Sense8, the characters' erotic desires for the other are represented as the entry into a deracialized, dehistoricized, depoliticized and liberal global public sphere. Sexual pleasure with the colonized, racialized and gendered other is represented as a form of transgressing and transcending the limitations of the body that non-western and non-white bodies perpetually remain trapped in. These representations are also normalizing tropes of queer utopias that do not acknowledge the intersectional erasures that continuously occur in this series. As transnational scholars from Ghana, India and China, who are situated in daily inter-racial relations, we challenge the simplistic and uncritical viewing of Sense8 through our hybrid postcolonial subjectivities.
TOURETTE SYNDROME AND NUTRITIONAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Briguglio Matteo , Zanaboni Dina Carlotta , Servello Domenico , Porta Mauro
Published: April 2020

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by multiple motor tics and at least one sound tic. Various behavioural symptoms are associated with GTS, especially obsession and compulsion behaviours (OCBs), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and poor impulse control. These comorbid conditions have a high impact on patients quality of life, including eating attitudes and body image perception. Nutritional implications, together with sleepiness and sexual asthenia, are the principal side effects of the pharmacological therapy. Actually, drugs may compromise the nutritional status of patients producing appetite increase, dry mouth, constipation, glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities, metabolic syndrome, mild transient dysphagia and nausea. About 40% of GTS patients experience hyperphagia because of drug side effects, OCBs, ADHD, or poor impulse control. Consequently, in these cases an overweight status can occur, complicating the management of the symptoms. Therefore, an increase body weight should be considered one of the most relevant factors increasing GTS drug-related bad compliance, which may consequently cause in some patients the discontinuation/interruption of the pharmacological therapy.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANYBODY FULL BODY MUSCULOSKELETAL MODEL IN COMPUTING SPINE LOADS AT LUMBAR LEVEL: COMPARISON WITH IN VIVO VALUES OBTAINED DURING EXERCISE TASKS
Authors: Bassani Tito , Stucovitz Elena , Quian Zhihui , Briguglio Matteo , Galbusera Fabio
Published: April 2020

Musculoskeletal models provide a valuable insight to non-invasively investigate the relation between human motion and internal biomechanical loads. Through an inverse dynamic approach, this modeling technique allows to compute the intersegmental forces acting during the execution of imposed specific body motion and under the action of known external loads. When focusing on the characterization of human spine, musculoskeletal modeling can be accounted to evaluate lumbar loads during physiological activities (e.g. training, ergonomics and rehabilitation) and pathological scenarios (e.g. spine deformities and surgical fixation strategies). The results of the present work demonstrated the suitability of the AnyBody model in computing lumbar spine loads at L4L5 level. Specific caution needs to be taken only when considering postures characterized bylarge lateral displacements or high lateral loading. The present findings promote the AnyBody model as an appropriate tool to non-invasively evaluate lumbar loads in physiological activities. Future studies can be aimed at evaluating the use of AnyBody modeling in pathological conditions known altering spine alignment, such as spine deformities and fixation strategies.
HOW GOOD ARE LOW BACK PAIN GUIDELINES? A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE QUALITY OF CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES USING THE AGREE II TOOL
Authors: Iannicelli Valerio , Castellini Greta , Briguglio Matteo , Corbetta Davide , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Banfi Giuseppe , Gianola Silvia
Published: April 2020

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice, but their increasing number in the last few years arises possible concerns about their quality. Preliminary results on the methodological quality of CPGs for low back pain management (LBP) are here presented. The results of this review can help researchers and Italian policymakers select and adopt the highest quality Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for Low Back Pain (LBP) management in the CPG National Systems (Sistema Nazionale Linee Guida).
The EU’s ‘strategic partnership’ with China in a post-Brexit world: Recalibrating internal dynamics and facing up to external challenges
Authors: Brown Scott A.W.
Published: April 2020

The UK has played a critical role in shaping EU–China relations. Policymakers need to carefully consider the extent to which Brexit will weaken the EU’s collective power – shifting the balance in China’s favour – and impact prospects for increasing EU involvement in East Asia. Brexit arrives at a moment when negotiations for an ambitious bilateral investment agreement continue – with an eye on an eventual free trade agreement – while EU policymakers increasingly perceive challenges arising from the expansion of China’s global presence, exemplified by the Belt and Road Initiative, the creation of alternative international institutions, and its behaviour in the South China Sea disputes. As both the EU and China emerge as global powers, the significance of their relationship’s trajectory extends beyond bilateral confines. I analyse how the relationship’s contemporary dynamics are playing out and likely to evolve. Assessing the impact of Brexit on the relative power balance, specifically the EU27’s collective economic, military and political power, sets the scene for mapping out the ‘state of play’ in four crucial issue areas, highlighting the UK’s preferences and input. This leads to consideration of how the loss of resources and shifting constellation of preferences among the EU27 could affect the attainment of strategic objectives. I argue that while Brexit does not fundamentally disrupt the EU–China relationship, it will weaken the EU’s capacity to respond to China’s rise and necessitates a recalibration to the new constellation of Member State preferences and reduced resources.
Design and optimization of tunneling photodetectors based on graphene/Al2O3/silicon heterostructures
Authors: Xu Ji , Liu Ting , Hu Hai , Zhai Yusheng , Chen Ke , Chen Na , Li Chi , Zhang Xiaobing
Published: April 2020

Recent discoveries in the field of graphene-based heterostructures have led to the demonstration of high-performance photodetectors. However, the studies to date have been largely limited to the heterojunction with a Schottky barrier, restricted by an inevitable compromise between photoresponsivity and photodetectivity. Here, a new class of graphene-based tunneling photodetectors is introduced by inserting the Al2O3 tunneling layer between silicon and graphene. The photocarriers can tunnel through the designed insulator layer which simultaneously blocks the dark current, thus maintaining high photodetectivity with desirable photoresponsivity. We further modulate the thickness of the Al2O3 layer to explore the tunneling mechanism for the photocarriers, in which a photoresponsivity of 0.75 A/W, a high current ratio of 4.8 × 103 and a photodetectivity of 3.1 × 1012 Jones are obtained at a 13.3-nm-thick Al2O3 layer. In addition, the fabrication process is compatible with conventional semiconductor processing, providing further flexibility to large-scale integrated photodetectors with high performance.
Differentiating and quantifying exosome secretion from a single cell using quasi-bound states in the continuum
Authors: Ndao Abdoulaye , Hsu Liyi , Cai Wei , Ha Jeongho , Park Junhee , Contractor Rushin , Lo Yuhwa , Kanté Boubacar
Published: April 2020

One of the key challenges in biology is to understand how individual cells process information and respond to perturbations. However, most of the existing single-cell analysis methods can only provide a glimpse of cell properties at specific time points and are unable to provide cell secretion and protein analysis at single-cell resolution. To address the limits of existing methods and to accelerate discoveries from single-cell studies, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new sensor based on bound states in the continuum to quantify exosome secretion from a single cell. Our optical sensors demonstrate high-sensitivity refractive index detection. Because of the strong overlap between the medium supporting the mode and the analytes, such an optical cavity has a figure of merit of 677 and sensitivity of 440 nm/RIU. Such results facilitate technological progress for highly conducive optical sensors for different biomedical applications.
Structures for surface-enhanced nonplasmonic or hybrid spectroscopy
Authors: Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Pahlow Susanne , Popp Jürgen
Published: April 2020

Absorption, scattering, and fluorescence are processes that increase with electric field intensity. The most prominent way to enhance electric field intensity is to use localized or propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) based on metallic particles and nanostructures. In addition, several other, much less well-known, photonic structures that increase electric field intensity exist. Interference enhancement provided by thin dielectric coatings on reflective substrates is able to provide electric field intensity enhancement over the whole substrate and not only at certain hotspots, thereby being in particular suitable for the spectroscopy of thin surface layers. The same coatings on high refractive index substrates may be used for interference-enhanced total internal reflection-based spectroscopy in much the same way as Kretschmann or Otto configuration for exciting propagating SPPs. The latter configurations can also be used to launch Bloch surface waves on 1D photonic crystal structures for the enhancement of electric field intensity and thereby absorption, scattering, and fluorescence-based spectroscopies. High refractive index substrates alone can also, when nanostructured, enhance infrared absorption or Raman scattering via Mie-type resonances. As a further method, this review will cover recent developments to employ phonon polaritons in the reststrahlen region.
Mechanotunable optical filters based on stretchable silicon nanowire arrays
Authors: Kim Yeong Jae , Yoo Young Jin , Kang Min Hyung , Ko Joo Hwan , Park Mi Rim , Yoo Dong Eun , Lee Dong Wook , Kim Kyujung , Kang Il-Suk , Song Young Min
Published: April 2020

Nano-structural optical filters embedded in elastomers having high mechanical tunability provide the geometric degree of freedom for selective light manipulation. The active control of spectral information in typical structural optical filters is highly limited due to the substrate rigidity. Herein, we present mechanochromic transmissive optical filters by employing flexible and stretchable polymer-embedded silicon nanostructures. Si-based nanowire arrays (Si-NWAs) have been introduced to exhibit parametric resonance characteristics by controlling the period and/or diameter. Furthermore, the spectral shift phenomenon by increased diffraction efficiency was observed after the application of a uniaxial tensile force, which depends on the period of Si-NWAs with a large index contrast between the silicon nanowire and elastomer. The strain-sensitive properties of tunable Si-NWAs filters induced by light diffraction were calculated by simulation based on wave optics. The spectral tunability and light filtering features were simply demonstrated by stretching the Si-NWAs’ optical filters. Our proposed structure provides potential opportunities for a wide variety of applications, including dynamic color display, visual strain sensor and anti-counterfeiting.
Blood Flow Restriction Training and the Physique Athlete: A Practical Research-Based Guide to Maximizing Muscle Size
Authors: Rolnick Nicholas , Schoenfeld Brad J.
Published: April 2020

Emerging evidence indicates that low load blood flow restriction (BFR) training is an effective strategy to increase muscular adaptations. Yet, it remains questionable as to whether combining BFR with traditional resistance training can potentiate hypertrophic adaptations. The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence-based review of current research on the topic including underlying mechanisms of BFR training and draw practical conclusions as to how BFR can be applied by physique athletes to optimize increases in muscle mass.
Dopamine D2-Like Receptors Modulate Intrinsic Properties and Synaptic Transmission of Parvalbumin Interneurons in the Mouse Primary Motor Cortex
Authors: Cousineau Jérémy , Lescouzères Léa , Taupignon Anne , Delgado-Zabalza Lorena , Valjent Emmanuel , Baufreton Jérôme , Le Bon-Jégo Morgane
Published: April 2020

Dopamine (DA) plays a crucial role in the control of motor and higher cognitive functions such as learning, working memory, and decision making. The primary motor cortex (M1), which is essential for motor control and the acquisition of motor skills, receives dopaminergic inputs in its superficial and deep layers from the midbrain. However, the precise action of DA and DA receptor subtypes on the cortical microcircuits of M1 remains poorly understood. The aim of this work was to investigate in mice how DA, through the activation of D2-like receptors (D2Rs), modulates the cellular and synaptic activity of M1 parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVINs) which are crucial to regulate the spike output of pyramidal neurons (PNs). By combining immunofluorescence,ex vivoelectrophysiology, pharmacology and optogenetics approaches, we show that D2R activation increases neuronal excitability of PVINs and GABAergic synaptic transmission between PVINs and PNs in Layer V of M1. Our data reveal how cortical DA modulates M1 microcircuitry, which could be important in the acquisition of motor skills.
Forest Ecology beyond the Growing Season: Surveys of Fallen Leaves & Learning about Ecological Interactions
Authors: Lampert Evan
Published: April 2020

Forests are excellent “outdoor classrooms” for active learning in ecology and evolution; however, in many areas trees have no leaves or visible animal activity for much of the year. Fallen leaves may preserve evidence of interactions such as herbivory and infectious diseases, although these can be difficult to differentiate from mechanical damage and decomposition in older fallen leaves. I developed an exercise in which students collect fallen leaves and observe several different types of damage to the leaves. I provide images and descriptions of different types of damage and practices to differentiate them. In addition, I provide a list of questions that can be answered by collecting fallen leaves and observations of damage. My students gained valuable quantitative literacy skills by entering data into an online worksheet and performing various calculations and data analysis techniques. This exercise provides many benefits and can be an engaging addition to a high school's or college's outdoor curriculum outside of the growing season.
Origins of China’s Contested Relation with Neoliberalism: Economics, the World Bank, and Milton Friedman at the Dawn of Reform
Authors: Weber Isabella
Published: April 2020

China is found both to be neoliberal and to provide an alternative to neoliberal development. To illuminate the origins of this contradiction, this paper analyzes China’s relationship with neoliberalism from a historical and economic theory perspective. Neoliberal economic thinking became relevant to China with the beginning of reform and opening up in 1978, when the Communist Party moved from Maoism to an economic determinist outlook on socialism. This ideological shift opened the door for exchanges with the World Bank and foreign economists, including neoliberals. Yet an analysis of Milton Friedman’s speeches in China reveals a critical divide: the Chinese reformers embrace the market but deny that the market requires universal private property. Thus, China is integrated into the global market while the Chinese state reserves its rights to control the economy.
Allocating Authority Between Lawyers And Their Clients After McCoy v. Louisiana
Authors: Varsava Nina , Foo Judith , Villarreal Elizabeth , Walchak David
Published: April 2020

In May 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its opinion in the case of McCoy v. Louisiana, holding that defendants have a constitutional right to maintain their innocence at trial. Under McCoy, lawyers may not concede their clients’ guilt during trial when their clients insist on maintaining innocence, even if doing so would be a reasonable tactical decision. In this paper, we show how the case implicates an array of common problems concerning lawyer-client disagreement, and we argue that the Model Rules of Professional Conduct offer deficient guidance in this area. In particular, in relying on lawyer withdrawal as a remedy for lawyer-client disagreement, the Model Rules neglect to recognize that lawyers may have an obligation to stick with their clients despite serious disagreements over aspects of the representation. The Rules also gloss over the considerable administrative burden associated with withdrawal. After delineating some problems with the Model Rules’ approach to lawyer-client disagreement, we propose a set of revisions to the Model Rules that address the ethical and practical concerns we elaborate.
The Perestroika of International Criminal Law: Soviet Reforms and The Promise of Legal Primacy in International Governance
Authors: Christensen Mikkel Jarle
Published: April 2020

This article examines how the perestroika gave rise to a new legal thinking that helped spark a broader transformation of international law and governance. Building on the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, the article analyzes the emergence and short-lived influence of the professionals behind the new legal thinking of the perestroika. This elite operated at the crossroads between international and domestic law and politics. At this juncture, and in an attempt to safeguard and solidify their own position, they promoted the primacy of international law over politics by calling for, among other things, the establishment of an international criminal court. Building on the thinking of this elite that coexisted with concurrent streams of investments into international law from both East and West, a geopolitical window for new criminal law initiatives beyond the state was opened. It was in this brief window of opportunity that the field of international criminal justice was developed as a reflection of a wider universalist promise of establishing legal primacy in international governance.
A “Hindu Mystic” or a “Harrovian Realist”? U.S., Australian, and Canadian Representations of Jawaharlal Nehru, 1947–1964
Authors: Graham Sarah Ellen , Davis Alexander E.
Published: April 2020

This article analyzes how officials from the U.S., Australia, and Canada represented Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru’s psychology in diplomatic contexts between 1947 and 1964. Nehru was the representative of a newly sovereign state, whose people were often stereotyped as mystical, spiritual, and irrational. In this article, we show how Nehru was constructed as “irrational,” “primitive,” “effeminate,” and racially resentful by Western diplomats. He was, conversely, also seen as a “Harrovian realist” or “transplanted Englishman” with an attendant air of “superiority.” Cold War imperatives gave these ambivalent cultural and psychological projections a special salience, particularly as each confronted the implications of Nehru’s non-alignment and his global profile as a proponent of Third World nationalism. The ambivalent representations of Nehru that we trace within U.S., Australian, and Canadian foreign policy-making also reveal a shared belief in the “Anglosphere”—the purported transnational unity of white, English-speaking nations—was sustained beyond the decline of the British Empire. Nehru’s “Britishness” demonstrates how he could be tethered to the English-speaking world while simultaneously being seen as its irrational, non-white Other. This ambivalent connection helped to re-draw the boundaries of the transnational Anglosphere in the era of decolonization and to define Cold War assumptions about race, rationality, and foreign policy.
La confusa armonización de los delitos de manipulación de mercado (art. 284 CP) por la L.O. 1/2019
Authors: Doval Pais Antonio
Published: April 2020

La Directiva 2014/57/EU de abuso de mercado impuso a los Estados Miembros la obligación de incorporar sanciones penales para al menos las conductas graves de abuso y de manipulación de mercados financieros, así como penas de prisión que como mínimo pudieran alcanzar una determinada duración. La reforma del Código penal español efectuada por la L.O. 1/2019 transpuso dicha norma europea, que afectó en diversos aspectos a los delitos de manipulación de mercado y uso de información privilegiada recogidos en los artículos 284 y 285. El objeto de este trabajo es analizar el resultado de la reforma en lo que se refiere a los delitos de manipulación de mercado, atendiendo a las novedades relativas a las conductas, objetos materiales y otros requisitos, poniendo el foco en problemas que la doctrina y la jurisprudencia ya habían advertido y aportando criterios para la interpretación de las complejas formulaciones y elementos típicos
La pena de inhabilitación especial para empleo o cargo público en el ámbito de los delitos de corrupción relacionados con la contratación pública
Authors: Puente Aba Luz María
Published: April 2020

La pena de inhabilitación especial para empleo o cargo público constituye una sanción especialmente idónea para los delitos de corrupción en el marco de la contratación pública. En este trabajo se pretende atender a diversas problemáticas planteadas en la aplicación de esta pena. Se analizará el significado de “cargo público”, y se prestará atención al desarrollo de diversas funciones relacionadas con la Administración pública: la actuación en el marco de sociedades mercantiles públicas y de corporaciones sectoriales de base privada, y en la ejecución de un contrato administrativo. También se tratarán otras cuestiones como los criterios para determinar los cargos o empleos análogos a aquellos que son objeto de privación, la posibilidad de seleccionar determinados ámbitos o actividades del empleo o cargo, o cómo aplicar la pena cuando el condenado posee más de un empleo o cargo público, o por el contrario no posee ninguno.
Divergence of Peroxisome Membrane Gene Sequence and Expression Between Yeast Species
Authors: Dubin Claire A , Roop Jeremy I , Brem Rachel B
Published: April 2020

Large population-genomic sequencing studies can enable highly-powered analyses of sequence signatures of natural selection. Genome repositories now available for Saccharomyces yeast make it a premier model for studies of the molecular mechanisms of adaptation. We mined the genomes of hundreds of isolates of the sister species S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus to identify sequence hallmarks of adaptive divergence between the two. From the top hits we focused on a set of genes encoding membrane proteins of the peroxisome, an organelle devoted to lipid breakdown and other specialized metabolic pathways. In-depth population- and comparative-genomic sequence analyses of these genes revealed striking divergence between S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus. And from transcriptional profiles we detected non-neutral, directional cis-regulatory variation at the peroxisome membrane genes, with overall high expression in S. cerevisiae relative to S. paradoxus. Taken together, these data support a model in which yeast species have differentially tuned the expression of peroxisome components to boost their fitness in distinct niches.
Dosimetric evaluation of electron beam Monte Carlo isodoses distribution based on thermoluminescent dosimetry
Authors: Gonçalves Flavia dos Reis , Vianello Elizabeth , Viegas Claudio , Viamonte Alfredo
Published: April 2020

Electron beams are applied in radiotherapy treatments where superficialized doses are desirable as well as deeper tissues sparing. Monte Carlo method has been recently implemented in the TPS as the algorithm for electron beam isodoses calculation at the National Institute of Cancer in Brazil. This work comprises an additional method of evaluation of the isodoses generated by the TPS, considering the irradiation of a non-flat surface. A 6-Gy electron beam breast irradiation was planned and delivered to an anthropomorphic phantom into which 36 capsules with TLD100 were inserted. The TLD calibration curve was performed from 100 cGy to 700 cGy. In an overall analysis, eMC algorithm isodose distribution results agreed with TLD measured doses. 75% of measured data met the 5% accuracy criteria, which can be considered in good agreement with the recommended uncertainties involved in a radiotherapy treatment. Considered all collected data, 8 TLDs received extremely low doses and due to tissue attenuation of the electron beam, the TLD measurements might have additional uncertainties. If these data are not taken into account, 100% of the measured doses, considering the uncertainties, meet the 5% accuracy criteria. About the 3 methods for isodose smoothing available in the eMC algorithm, the low level of dose smoothing option provides the best matching with measured data, consisting of the most reliable option. Considering the AAPM recommendations eMC algorithm offers an accurate solution for isodoses calculation, within a 5% accuracy.
Estudo sobre fatores intrínsecos a paciente que influenciam na dose glandular média em exames de tomossíntese de mama
Authors: Engler Camila , Attie Márcia Regina Pererira , Reis Lucas Paixão , Squair Peterson Lima , Chevalier Margarita , Nogueira Maria do Socorro
Published: April 2020

RESUMOObjetivo: A dose glandular média (DGM) é a grandeza dosimétrica utilizada para estimar a dose de radiação à qual um paciente é exposta ao realizar um exame de mamografia. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a relação entre os fatores característicos do paciente e a DGM. Materiais e Métodos: As imagens de tomossíntese mamária de 660 pacientes foram analisadas usando o software Volpara. A partir desta análise, obteve-se a densidade volumétrica da mama (DVM) e a DGM. A idade do paciente e a espessura da mama comprimida (EMC) foram obtidas do cabeçalho DICOM das imagens. Utilizando o software estatístico SPSS, foram realizados testes de correlação entre a DVM, a idade do paciente e a TCC com a DGM, e calculados os respectivos coeficientes de correlação (r). Resultados: A amostra de pacientes teve uma média da EMC de 59 ± 12mm, mediana da idade da paciente de 51 anos (25 a 87 anos), mediana da DGD de 1,53 mGy (0,43 a 4,68 mGy) e mediana da DVM de 8% ( Intervalo de 2,16% a 36,89%). Os coeficientes de correlação calculados foram 0,695 para a relação entre DGM e EMC, 0,095 para a relação entre DGM e DVM e -0,280 para a relação entre DGM e a idade da paciente. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram que a EMC é o fator mais relacionado ao aumento da DGM. DVM é o fator com menor impacto e a idade da paciente tem uma relação inversa com a DGM. ABSTRACTObjective: Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) is the dosimetric quantity used to estimate the radiation dose to which a patient is exposed when performing a mammography examination. This study aims to verify the relationship between patient characteristic factors and MGD. Materials and Methods: Breast tomosynthesis images of 660 patients were analyzed using Volpara software. From this analysis, the volumetric breast density (VBD) and the MGD were obtained. Patient age and compressed breast thickness (CBT) were obtained from the DICOM header of the images. Using the SPSS statistical software, correlation tests were performed between the VBD, patient age and CBT with the MGD, and the respective correlation coefficients (r) were calculated. Results: The patient sample had a mean CBT of 59 (± 12mm), median patient age of 51 years (25 to 87 years range), median MGD of 1.53 mGy (0.43 to 4.68 mGy range), and median VBD of 8% (2.16% to 36.89% range). The calculated correlation coefficients were 0.695 for the relationship between MGD and CBT, 0.095 for the relationship between MGD and VBD, and -0.280 for the relationship between MGD and patient age. Conclusion: The results show that CBT is the factor most related to the MGD increase. VBD is the factor with the least impact and the patient's age has an inverse relationship with the MGD.
Cálculo, usando o código MCNPX, de doses equivalentes no tratamento 3D-CRT de câncer de próstata, com gantry operando a 45°, 135°, 225° e 315°
Authors: Fonseca Eduardo , Oliveira Claudio , Rebello Wilson , Medeiros Marcos Paulo , Fonseca Clóves , Baptista Camila
Published: April 2020

O Instituto Nacional do Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva - INCA adota como protocolo padrão no tratamento de câncer de próstata, na técnica de Radioterapia Tridimensional Conformada (3D-CRT), o uso da incidência do feixe em 4 angulos, 0°, 90º , 180º e 270º . Com o objetivo de buscar reduzir as doses indesejáveis nos tecidos sadios do paciente, neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo considerando a utilização de ângulos de inclinação do gantry de 45º, 135º , 225º e 315º. Para isso, realizou-se uma modelagem computacional utilizando o código MCNPX no qual foi simulado um tratamento de próstata com esses ângulos de incidência do feixe. Os resultados obtidos na simulação deste protocolo foram comparados com o protocolo padrão do INCA sendo observada uma redução significativa nas doses nos tecidos sadios, adjacentes à próstata, quando se utiliza os novos campos estudados.
Breastfeeding and Mortality Under 2 Years of Age in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Zhao Min , Wu Han , Liang Yajun , Liu Fangchao , Bovet Pascal , Xi Bo
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Several studies have investigated the association of breastfeeding status with offspring mortality in Africa, but most studies were from one center only or had limited statistical power to draw robust conclusions.

METHODS:

Data came from 75 nationally representative cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys in 35 countries in sub-Saharan Africa conducted between 2000 and 2016. Our study relied on 217 112 individuals aged 4 days to 23 months for breastfeeding pattern analysis, 161 322 individuals aged 6 to 23 months for breastfeeding history analysis, and 104 427 individuals aged 12 to 23 months for breastfeeding duration analysis.

RESULTS:

Compared with children aged 4 days to 23 months exclusively breastfed in the first 3 days of life, those not breastfed had a high risk of mortality at <2 years of age (odds ratio [OR] = 13.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.43–15.83). Young children who were predominantly breastfed or partially breastfed had moderately increased risk of mortality at <2 years of age (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03–1.21 for predominant pattern; OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.99–1.27 for partial pattern). Compared with children aged 6 to 23 months who were breastfed within the first 6 months of life, those not breastfed had a high risk of mortality (OR = 5.65; 95% CI = 4.27–7.47). Compared with children aged 12 to 23 months who were breastfed for ≥6 months, those who were breastfed for shorter periods had a higher risk of mortality (OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.45–5.32 for duration of <3 months; OR = 5.28, 95% CI = 3.24–8.61 for those who were not breastfed).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings support exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life and continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age recommended by the World Health Organization for reducing mortality of children <2 years old in sub-Saharan Africa.
Telemonitoring in Heart Failure Management
Authors: Planinc Ivo , Milicic Davor , Cikes Maja
Published: April 2020

Telemonitoring (TM) aims to predict and prevent worsening heart failure (HF) episodes and improve self-care, patient education, treatment adherence and survival. There is a growing number of TM options for patients with HF, but there are numerous challenges in reaching positive outcomes. Conflicting evidence from clinical trials may be the result of the enormous heterogeneity of TM devices tested, differences in selected patient populations and variabilities between healthcare systems. This article covers some basic concepts of TM, looking at the recent advances in the most frequently used types of TM and the evidence to support its use in the care of people with HF.
Telemonitoring for the Management of Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Iellamo Ferdinando , Sposato Barbara , Volterrani Maurizio
Published: April 2020

Advances in technology now make it possible to manage heart failure (HF) from a remote to a telemonitoring approach using either noninvasive solutions or implantable devices. Nowadays, it is possible to monitor at-home parameters that can be recorded, stored and remotely transmitted to physicians, allowing them to make decisions for therapeutic modification, hospitalization or access to the emergency room. Standalone systems are available that are equipped with self-intelligence and are able to acquire and elaborate data that can inform the remote physician of impending decompensation before it results in additional complications. The development of miniature implantable devices, which could measure haemodynamic variables and transmit them to a monitor outside the body, offers the possibility for the physician to obtain more frequent evaluations of HF patients and the opportunity to take these data into account in management decisions. At present, several telemonitoring devices are available, but the only Food and Drug Administration-approved system is the cardio-microelectromechanical system, which is an implantable pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) monitoring device that allows a direct monitoring of the PAP via a sensor implanted in the pulmonary artery. This information is then uploaded to a web-based interface from which healthcare providers can track the results and manage patients. At present, the challenge point for telemedicine management of HF is to find the more relevant biological parameter to monitor the clinical status.
Irrigation system with ultra low flow using branched microtubes
Authors: Alves Dinara Grasiela , Pinto Marinaldo Ferreira , Damasceno Ana Paula Alves Barreto , Salvador Conan Ayade , Almeida Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de , Botrel Tarlei Arriel
Published: April 2020

With the goal of developing an irrigation system with ultra low flow rate (ULF) of 0.2 L h-1, using microtubes with derivation and operating in a laminar regime, this work began by seeking efficient irrigation and low costs. The experiment consisted of two stages. The first experiment was conducted in the laboratory to determine the actual diameter of the microtubes and irrigation system design. The second stage of the experiment was conducted in an experimental area, where tests were carried out to obtain the uniformity of water application which was evaluated by the coefficient of uniformity statistic that had an initial value exceeding 90%. The proposed irrigation system had economic advantages for small-scale producers. However, the system evaluated presented problems with accumulation of air and emitters obstruction during the study period, causing a reduction in statistical uniformity. It is therefore necessary to conduct further studies to obtain more conclusive results.
Asphalts and modiﬁed dense bituminous mixtures with rubber of military boots
Authors: Ruge Cárdenas Juan Carlos , Lozano Diego Andres , Moreno Luis Angel , Molina Gomez Fausto Andres , Bastidas Juan Gabriel
Published: April 2020

This article evaluates in the laboratory the physical and rheological properties of the modified asphalt cement (AC) with different contents of rubber (R) from used military boots. For the evaluation of the modified AC, laboratory tests of penetration, softening point, ductility, viscosity, short-term aging and determination of the rheological parameters in the DSR dynamic shearing rheometer were performed. In addition, the mechanical performance of a conventional asphaltic dense mixture (control) and three dense asphalt mixtures with modified asphalt cement with different rubber contents, wet-added, was evaluated by means of monotonic load tests (Marshall Stability) and dynamic (dynamic module). The physical and rheological evaluation of the AC modified with R indicates a significant increase in stiffness as a function of the R content. The asphalt mixtures studied, in reference to the control mixture, presented the same optimum content of asphalt and an increase in the Mar-shall rigidity and dynamic module. Therefore, it was found that the addition of rubber from military boots used in the asphalt cement and later in the mixture, can be considered viable from the technical and environmental point of view, due to the improvement in the mechanical properties of these materials and to allow a form of correct final disposal of the rubber.
Assembly language and processor design: an integrated project
Authors: Deras Tabora Ivan De Jesus , Lizardo Zelaya Nelson Alberto
Published: April 2020

The research describes a project in computer organization class with two groups, one in 2017 and the other in 2018, in a trimester course of 68.34 hours which integrated both topics assembly language and hardware design. The project involves the implementation of a reduced version of an embedded MIPS32 system, with a simulated and real hardware implementation using FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). Followed by the development of a game in C and assembly language that runs on the embedded system. The results show that all students from the first and second group that coursed computer organization class during a 10-week period expressed high levels of interest and engagement, despite the complexity of the project. With feedback from the first group and with some modifications to the project, all students from the second group successfully completed the project.
Coupling SAP 2000 with ABC algorithm for truss optimization
Authors: Baldissera dos Santos Rafael , Palomino Tamayo Jorge Luis
Published: April 2020

In this work, a numerical tool is implemented for size optimization of spatial truss structures. To achieve this goal, the metaheuristic artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm based on the vivid behavior of honey bees is combined with the commercial software package SAP 2000 via its Application Programming Interface (API). Linking the optimization algorithm to SAP 2000 will allow access to the complete finite element library and potential of the commercial software. In order to do so, the numerical tool is developed within the Excel environment by using macros with the Visual Basic Programming Language. A complete picture is then presented to practitioners of the elaborated numerical tool, which can be used in daily design applications. The correct functionality is demonstrated by means of two challenging practical examples. Extension to other optimization applications can be easily adapted