bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent whiteness measurement of textiles by multispectral imaging system
Authors: Yao Pengpeng , Wu Ho Chung , Li Yixuan , Xu Jingyi , Xin John H.
Published: September 2023

Accurate whiteness measurement is critical across various industries including textiles, paper, and detergents. With the advent of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), the assessment of whiteness has evolved from simply measuring reflectance to determining the spectral radiance factor (SRF) of materials. While multispectral imaging (MSI) can effectively measure object reflectance and colour, its accuracy is compromised by FWAs that significantly augment spectral reflectance. Thus, reliable whiteness measurement requires the determination of both reflectance and SRF. This article presents the design of a specialised light source equipped with an ultraviolet (UV) filter to provide adjustable illumination within an integrating sphere system. By tuning the position of the UV filter, multispectral images are captured of a fabric under varying UV exposures. These images are subsequently processed and combined to reconstruct full‐range visible spectrum information. This approach is shown to achieve high accuracy and spatial uniformity in quantifying the whiteness of textiles using MSI.
Status of African authorship among conservation research output from sub‐Saharan Africa: An African perspective
Authors: Tuyisenge Marie Fidele , Kayitete Laban , Tuyisingize Deogratias , O'Malley Maire , Stoinski Tara S. , van der Hoek Yntze
Published: September 2023

The effectiveness of science to address conservation issues is linked to the inclusivity and diversity of its practitioners, but scientists from biodiverse tropical countries remain underrepresented in the conservation science literature. To assess the status of sub‐Saharan Africa‐based authorship in conservation science between 2015 and 2021, we analyzed the affiliations of primary authors of research conducted in sub‐Saharan Africa as published in 10 selected conservation journals representative of a range of conservation literature: from high‐impact international journals to Africa‐specific regional journals. Out of 1176 articles, we found that approximately one‐third of the primary authors were based at a sub‐Saharan African institution. African primary authors had a higher output in African than global conservation journals, which corresponded with relatively low overall impact factors and citations for studies led by African authors. African authors were significantly underrepresented in large, multicountry studies, accounting for only 6% of primary authors and 66% of these publications contained no African author. We discuss possible limitations and solutions for African participation and representation in the international conservation literature from the perspective of African conservation scientists.
Digital analyses of nuclear features can help discriminate among non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features, papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular subtype, and follicular carcinoma in cytological specimens
Authors: Yamamoto Fábio Massahito , Liano Leonardo Carnevalli , Camilo‐Júnior Deolino João , Xavier‐Junior José Cândido Caldeira
Published: September 2023

Background

As it stands, the diagnosis of non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) is primarily based on histological analysis. We hypothesised that computerised analysis of nuclear images of cytological specimens could be used to differentiate NIFTP from papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular subtype (PTCFS) and follicular carcinoma (FC), influencing patient management.

Methods

We employed a retrospective analytical observational study based on nuclear morphometric variables of cytological material from thyroid nodules classified as PTCFS, NIFTP, or FC. Five cases of each entity were analysed. Cytological slides were photographed, and 1170 cells for each entity were analysed digitally. The captured images were evaluated (blindly) using the ImageJ software package. The morphometric evaluation included area, perimeter, width, height, and circularity. Numerical variables were expressed as mean, median, minimum, and maximum (min; max) values. Kruskal‐Wallis and Dunn's tests were used with a 5% significance level.

Results

Regarding nuclear analysis, all variables differed among the three groups (p < 0.001). Given the interdependence among the variables, these data indicated that nuclear size was greatest in the NIFTP group, followed by FC and PTCFS.

Discussion/Conclusion

Our analysis of the digital images, with a focus on nuclear parameters, found significantly difference among cytological specimens from cases of NIFTP, PTCFS and FC. Thus, this tool has the potential to provide additional information that may help in the diagnosis of NIFTP, even during the preoperative period. Additional studies are needed to create protocols, evaluate the applicability of nuclear morphological and morphometric parameters—focusing on digital pathology—and create algorithms and tools to assist cytopathologists with their diagnostic routines.
Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin for the treatment of inferior vena cava thrombus
Authors: Mihm Alexandra E. , Bacchus Arefa , Harb Kathleen J. , Menear Richard A. , Nisly Sarah A.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared to warfarin in patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus.

Methods

This was a single‐system, retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adult patients with IVC thrombus treated with a DOAC or warfarin therapy. The primary efficacy endpoint was the thrombus resolution on imaging, and the primary safety endpoint was major bleeding, both assessed within 6 months of hospital discharge. Secondary endpoints included hospitalization for a bleeding‐related event, pulmonary embolism, or death within 6 months of hospital discharge.

Results

A total of 33 patients were included in the study. Twenty‐three (70%) patients received a DOAC, and 10 (30%) received warfarin. Of the 10 patients with repeat imaging available, complete resolution was noted in two (33%) DOAC patients and no warfarin patients (p = .5). Major bleeding occurred in two (8.7%) DOAC patients and one (10%) warfarin patient (p = .9). No significant differences in secondary endpoints were observed between groups.

Conclusions

There were no differences in efficacy and safety between patients receiving DOACs or warfarin for the treatment of IVC thrombus, although results are limited by the small patient population and number of patients with repeat imaging available.
Non‐invasive diagnosis of early cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Azimi Ali , Jabbour Steven , Patrick Ellis , Fernandez‐Penas Pablo
Published: September 2023

Early cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) can be challenging to diagnose using clinical criteria as it could present similar to actinic keratosis (AK) or Bowen's disease (BD), precursors of cSCC. Currently, histopathological assessment of an invasive biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. A non‐invasive diagnostic approach would reduce patient and health system burden. Therefore, this study used non‐invasive sampling by tape‐stripping coupled with data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) proteomics to profile the proteome of histopathologically diagnosed AK, BD and cSCC, as well as matched normal samples. Proteomic data were analysed to identify proteins and biological functions that are significantly different between lesions. Additionally, a support vector machine (SVM) machine learning algorithm was used to assess the usefulness of proteomic data for the early diagnosis of cSCC. A total of 696 proteins were identified across the samples studied. A machine learning model constructed using the proteomic data classified premalignant (AK + BD) and malignant (cSCC) lesions at 77.5% accuracy. Differential abundance analysis identified 144 and 21 protein groups that were significantly changed in the cSCC, and BD samples compared to the normal skin, respectively (adj. p < 0.05). Changes in pivotal carcinogenic pathways such as LXR/RXR activation, production of reactive oxygen species, and Hippo signalling were observed that may explain the progression of cSCC from premalignant lesions. In summary, this study demonstrates that DIA‐MS analysis of tape‐stripped samples can identify non‐invasive protein biomarkers with the potential to be developed into a complementary diagnostic tool for early cSCC.
Nuclear translocation of PKM2 mediates keratinocyte metabolic reprogramming in psoriasis
Authors: Yang Luting , Zhang Jie , Hu Chunqing , Chen Xiaowen , Yang Yang , Tang Huihao , Ding Xiaolei , Yan Yaping
Published: September 2023

PKM2 mediates the Warburg effects and is crucial for tumorigenesis, but its role in hyperplastic skin disorders remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the function of PKM2 in psoriatic keratinocytes. We found that PKM2 expression and its nuclear translocation were induced in the epidermis of psoriasis patients, contributing to aerobic glycolysis and cell growth. Moreover, mass spectrometry combined with immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that PKM2 could interact with TRIM33, an E3 ubiquitin ligase in the nucleus, and this interaction is critical for the nuclear retention of PKM2. As a result of TRIM33‐mediated ubiquitination, PKM2 nuclear protein kinase function is promoted, thus leading to the phosphorylation of STAT3. In addition, blocking PKM2 nuclear translocation abrogated TRIM33‐triggered glycolysis and cell proliferation in keratinocytes. Taken together, our experiments demonstrate that ubiquitination regulates the nuclear retention of PKM2 in keratinocytes. Moreover, our results highlight a novel mechanism accounting for the metabolic reprogramming of keratinocytes in psoriasis patients.
High‐temperature ablation of hot‐pressed HfC–SiC ceramics
Authors: Kolek Allan N. , Cooper Sophia R. , Behler Kristopher D. , Ghoshal Anindya , Moore Tucker W. , Wright Andrew J. , Blair Victoria L. , Reidy Richard F. , Young Marcus L. , Voevodin Andrey A. , Aouadi Samir M.
Published: September 2023

Effective thermal insulation materials rely on the fabrication of dense, ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics that can withstand harsh environments. Hafnium carbide‐based ceramics are one of the leading materials that have the potential to perform relatively well in high‐temperature oxidizing environments under mechanical loading due to their thermal and mechanical stability. In this study, we explore the effects of processing conditions to create dense, ablation‐resistant HfC–SiC composites with a fixed composition of HfC–20 wt.% SiC using a hot‐pressing method. Sintering pressure, temperature, and time were varied and the material's relative density, phase composition, morphology, microstructure, and hardness were investigated. Composite ceramics with 99% relative density relative to a theoretical value were created by hot pressing at 2100°C for 1 h at 50 MPa and displayed a fine microstructure with an average grain size of ∼5 µm and a Vickers hardness of 22.9 ± .8 GPa. The mass loss was determined using an oxyacetylene torch with cross‐section investigations of oxide surface formations and subsurface microstructural changes. These HfC–SiC samples developed a 410 nm hafnium oxide layer on the surface upon torch exposure and had an average calculated recession rate of .028 µm/s.
The densification behavior, microstructure, mechanical, and thermionic emission properties of LaB6‐SiC composite
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Zhao Wei , Wang Ke , Cheng Hefa , Ren Qun , Han Cunliu , Lu Xin , Luo Shifeng , Zhang Jiuxing
Published: September 2023

The LaB6‐SiC composite with the different SiC content (0, 15, 30, 36, 50, 90, and 100 wt.%,) was densified by spark plasma sintering. The effects of SiC content on the densification behavior, microstructure, mechanical, and thermionic emission properties of LaB6‐SiC composite were systemically investigated. The results show that all the rapid shrinkage occurred at the heating stage during densification, and LaB6‐36 wt.%SiC composite owned the maximum shrinkage rate of 1.5 mm/min at T = 1798°C. The highest relative density of the composite decreased from 98.18% to 95.01% as the SiC content increased from 15 wt.% to 90 wt.%, under which the morphology of LaB6 grain evaluated from the equiaxed to elongated structure, and LaB6 grain size varied in the range of 5.05–11.42 μm. The similar eutectic structures were observed in the LaB6‐36 wt.% SiC composite because of some LaB6 grains melting. Both the highest fracture toughness of 5.15 ± 0.56 MPa.m1/2 and the highest bending strength of 313 ± 4.7 MPa belonged to the LaB6‐36 wt.% SiC composite, which also exhibited thermionic emission current density of 10.74 A/cm2 and work function of 2.99 eV at T = 1873 K.
Phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacities and flavour volatiles in fig (Ficus carica L.) juices from five cultivars fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Wang Chengxin , Liu Li , Guo Jiayu , Jike Xiaolan , Xu Kang , Li Bing , Liu Linwen , Fang Yu , Xu Huaide , Lei Hongjie
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fermentation characteristics of five varieties of fig juices (Ficus carica cv. Siluhongyu, Siluhuangjin, Silufeicui, Jinaofen and Fengchanhuang) by two select strains (Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus), based on the changes of physicochemical parameters, bioactive components, antioxidant activities and flavour volatiles. Viable counts were above 9.5 log CFU mL−1 throughout the fermentation process, indicating that fig juices were suitable substrates for strain proliferation. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were significantly enhanced during fermentation, particularly with Siluhuangjin by L. plantarum and Silufeicui by L. acidophilus, exhibiting the highest total phenolic (465 mg GAE L−1) and total flavonoid contents (152 mg RE L−1), respectively. Accordingly, antioxidant activities based on SOD, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods were significantly improved after fermentation (P < 0.05). SOD and ABTS were positively correlated with contents of protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, alcohols, ketones and terpenoids contents were increased, while aldehydes content was decreased significantly after fermentation (P < 0.05), suggesting the improved flavour characteristics of fermented fig juices.
Bioactive compounds in lipids of selected wheat genotypes
Authors: Akram Muhammad Usman , Yılmaz Remziye , Salantur Ayten , Uygun Umran
Published: September 2023

The chemical composition of whole wheat grains has been extensively studied, yet the literature on the lipophilic bioactive compounds of Turkish local wheat genotypes is limited. This study was carried out to determine some lipid‐soluble bioactive compounds in whole wheat lipids of selected on‐farm conserved Turkish wheat varieties (including four monococcum, three dicoccum, four durum and seven aestivum genotypes). For this purpose, fatty acid composition, phytosterol profile, and steryl ferulate contents were determined by GC‐FID and HPLC‐DAD. The major fatty acids in wheat lipids were identified as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids, whereas β‐sitosterol was observed as the predominant phytosterol. The local wheat varieties, such as Siyez‐4, Karakılçık, Köse 220/33, Sünter and Spelt S. başak, contain higher amounts of beneficial bioactive compounds, for example unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, oleic and α‐linolenic acids), phytosterols (β‐sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol) and steryl ferulates (campesteryl, sitosteryl and sitostanyl ferulate), making them a better choice over the commercial ones. This study offered a quick approach to obtain important information regarding bioactive compounds in the lipids of local wheat varieties. Furthermore, it could also provide valuable insights into the selection of on‐farm conserved wheat genotypes for future wheat breeding programmes.
Effects of processing on the preparation of kombucha: a systematic review
Authors: Soares Iraíldo Francisco , de Lima Michele Alves , da Silva Robson Alves , Colussi Rosana
Published: September 2023

The objective of this review study was to carry out a systematic review of the effects of the process in the preparation of kombucha. Scientific articles published between 2017 and 2022 were investigated in the ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science scientific databases. The search was carried out by applying the descriptors ‘kombucha’, ‘tea’, ‘green tea’, ‘black tea’, ‘processing’ and ‘fermentation’. The work followed the standards of Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses in its structuring. Among the articles that met the inclusion criteria, ten studies were selected to compose this review. The studies' results showed the effects of the kombucha production process on the variables of type of herb, substrate, fermentation time and temperature. It was possible to conclude that the results of this work provide evidence about the effects of the kombucha process comprising different variables. New studies to optimise kombucha production must be carried out to standardise amounts of herbs, substrates, fermentation time and temperature since these parameters have shown an influence on the final product and, consequently, on its biological activity.
Monitoring of the use of spent grape pomace after industrial distillation as a potent antioxidant and enzymes inhibitor
Authors: Cisneros‐Yupanqui Miluska , Rizzi Corrado , Mihaylova Dasha , Deseva Ivelina , Lante Anna
Published: September 2023

Spent grape pomace (SGP) obtained after the production of Grappa has been recognised as a source of antioxidant bioactive compounds. This paper aimed to assess the antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on enzymes related to non‐communicable diseases of white and red SGP, as well as to monitor the impact of storage on these bioactivities. In both pomaces, distillation did not preserve some of the bioactivities; however, after 1 month of storage, there was an improvement. The phenolic profile remained relatively stable during storage while the inhibition of α‐glucosidase (AG) was improved. These results confirmed the remaining bioactivity of SGP, demonstrating its potential use in the food industry.
A conversation on allergy: recognizing the past and looking to the future
Authors: Melén Erik , Lambrecht Bart N , Lloyd Clare M , Rothenberg Marc E , Kabashima Kenji , Luciani Fabio , Coquet Jonathan M , Ober Carole , Nawijn Martijn C , Platts‐Mills Thomas , von Mutius Erika
Published: September 2023

Allergy is an ever‐evolving group of disorders, which includes asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis and food allergies and that currently affects over 1 billion people worldwide. This group of disorders has exploded in incidence since around the start of the 20th century, implying that genetics is not solely responsible for its development but that environmental factors have an important role. Here, Fabio Luciani and Jonathan Coquet, in their role as editors at Immunology & Cell Biology, asked nine prominent researchers in the field of allergy to define the term ‘allergy’, discuss the role of genetics and the environment, nominate the most important discoveries of the past decade and describe the best strategies to combat allergy at the population level going forward.
Varietal effects on Greenhouse Gas emissions from rice production systems under different water management in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Vo Thi Bach Thuong , Johnson Kristian , Wassmann Reiner , Sander Bjoern Ole , Asch Folkard
Published: September 2023

Rice production accounts for 15% of the national Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and Vietnam aims at reducing emissions from rice production by focusing on changing farming practices. However, the potential for mitigation through the selection of different rice varieties is still poorly understood. A two‐year field screening of 20 rice varieties under continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation was conducted in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), Vietnam, employing the closed chamber method for assessing GHG emissions. The results confirmed that varietal variation was the largest for methane (CH4) emissions under CF. Across the varietal spectrum, CH4 emissions were more important than nitrous oxide (N2O) (accounts for less than 2% of the CO2e) with the lowest emitting variety showing 243 kg CH4 ha−1 and the highest emitting variety showing 398 kg CH4 ha−1 emissions as compared to 0.07 kg N2O ha−1 and 0.76 kg N2O ha−1 emissions, respectively. Under AWD, CH4 emissions were generally strongly reduced with the varietal effect being of minor importance. Compared with IPCC default values, the data set from the two seasons yielded higher Emission Factors (EFs) under CF (2.92 and 3.00 kg ha−1 day−1) as well as lower Scaling Factors (SFs) of AWD (0.41 and 0.38). In the context of future mitigation programs in the VMD, the dry season allows good control of the water table, so varietal selection could maximize the mitigation effect of AWD that is either newly introduced or practised in some locations already. In the wet seasons, AWD may be difficult to implement whereas other mitigation options could be implemented such as selecting low‐emitting cultivars.
Early structural build‐up behavior, setting mechanism, and nanostructure of alkali‐activated GGBFS mixtures
Authors: Dai Xiaodi , Aydin Serdar , Yardimci Mert Yücel , Reekmans Gunter , Adriaensens Peter , Schutter Geert De
Published: September 2023

The initial changes in the microstructure of alkali‐activated slag cement (AAS) characterize the rheological behavior, initial structuration, and setting times of the mixture. In this study, the relationships among the rheological behavior, solidification process, and nanostructure changes of sodium hydroxide‐activated slag (NH–AAS) and sodium silicate‐activated slag (SS–AAS) pastes over time are investigated by small amplitude oscillation shear test, isothermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy analyses, and 1H–29Si cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CP MAS NMR) and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. Test results showed that the NH–AAS reaches its initial setting time following a continuously proceeding structuration process, whereas the SS–AAS reaches its initial setting with an abrupt increase in the structuration process. At their initial setting times, the NH–AAS and SS–AAS mixtures release similar heat and reach a similar reaction degree. The SS–AAS mixture had more N–A–S–H formation than C–A–S–H at the initial setting time. On the other hand, the amount of C–A–S–H was similar to N–A–S–H in the NH–AAS mixture. The gradual N–A–S–H gel degradation to form C–A–S–H was observed during the acceleration period for the SS–AAS mixture.
Effects of doping on electronic structure and ion diffusion of Li2FeSiO4
Authors: Wang JiaNan , Li ZhiQiang , Zhu YongZheng , Liang Yao , Cui Yan , Tao HuaLong , Song Bo , Nikiforov Alexander , Zhang ZhiHua
Published: September 2023

First‐principles calculations were performed to study the crystal structure, electronic structure, and ion diffusion of sulfur‐doped Li2FeSiO4. The sulfur atoms preferred to substitute oxygen atoms around different iron atoms and the most stable configurations were chosen for each Li16Fe8Si8O32‐xSx (x = 1, 2, 3, 4) system to study the influence of sulfur concentration. Moreover, the configuration of the Li16Fe8Si8O29S3 had the least band gap (2.456 eV), which indicated the best electronic conductivity. The results of mean square displacement confirmed that lithium ions could diffuse in a two‐dimensional path in Li2FeSiO4 and S‐doped Li2FeSiO4 along the a‐axis and c‐axis. Doping sulfur was able to reduce the energy barrier for diffusion to improve the diffusion of lithium ions. The diffusion coefficient of lithium‐ion was 8 orders of magnitude larger and the diffusion rate was 7 orders of magnitude larger than that of the intrinsic system at most.
How do Australian mental health services use easy read to make information accessible for people with intellectual disability?
Authors: Newman Bronwyn , Fisher Karen R. , Trollor Julian
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Access to health information is a right for all people. Easy read information is one strategy used to make information accessible for people with intellectual disability. This research explored how easy read is used and the ways accessible information can address access barriers, with a focus on Australian mental health services.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted across four sites to explore how easy read was used. Participants (n = 49) were easy read users, health practitioners and staff from services providing mental health care in New South Wales, Australia. An integrated health literacy framework was used to analyse data.

Results

Most mental health staff did not use easy read or other accessible information, and did not consistently offer people with intellectual disability opportunities to understand, appraise and apply health information. This investigation confirmed the limited availability of accessible information resources, including easy read, and the importance of relationships of support when accessing health information.

Conclusion

People with intellectual disability did not routinely have access to mental health information. Substantial change is required to address this disparity.

Implications

Agency policy and processes require change to support staff practices that uphold the right to information. Inclusive practices that incorporate using easy read in health contexts, including mental health, are needed to facilitate change.
A novel SERPINA12 variant and first European patients with diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma
Authors: Brandt E. , Harjama L. , Elomaa O. , Saarela J. , Donner K. , Lappalainen K. , Kivirikko S. , Ranki A. , Kere J. , Kettunen K. , Hannula‐Jouppi K.
Published: September 2023

Background

Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (hPPKs) comprise a heterogeneous group of skin disorders characterized by persistent palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Loss‐of‐function variants in a serine peptidase inhibitor, SERPINA12, have recently been implicated in autosomal recessive diffuse hPPK. The disorder appears to share similarities with another hPPK associated with protease overactivity, namely Nagashima‐type PPK (NPPK) caused by biallelic variants in SERPINB7.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to enhance the understanding of the clinical and genetic characteristics of serine protease‐related hPPKs caused by variants in SERPINA12 and SERPINB7.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed for hPPK patients. Haplotype analysis was completed for the patients with identified recessive SERPINA12 variants and their available family members. In addition, the current literature of SERPINA12‐ and SERPINB7‐related hPPKs was summarized.

Results

The phenotype of SERPINA12‐related hPPK was confirmed by reporting three new SERPINA12 patients, the first of European origin. A novel SERPINA12 c.1100G>A p.(Gly367Glu) missense variant was identified confirming that the variant spectrum of SERPINA12 include both truncating and missense variants. The previously reported SERPINA12 c.631C>T p.(Arg211*) was indicated enriched in the Finnish population due to a plausible founder effect. In addition, SERPINA12 hPPK patients were shown to share a similar phenotype to patients with recessive variants in SERPINB7. The shared phenotype included diffuse transgradient PPK since birth or early childhood and frequent palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, aquagenic whitening and additional hyperkeratotic lesions in non‐palmoplantar areas. SERPINA12 and SERPINB7 hPPK patients cannot be distinguished without genetic analysis.

Conclusions

Recessive variants in SERPINA12 and SERPINB7 leading to protease overactivity and hPPK produce a similar phenotype, indistinguishable without genetic analysis. SERPINA12 variants should be assessed also in non‐Asian patients with diffuse transgradient PPK. Understanding the role of serine protease inhibitors will provide insights into the complex proteolytic network in epidermal homeostasis.
Financial crime and punishment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: de Batz Laure , Kočenda Evžen
Published: September 2023

We provide the first quantitative synthesis of the literature on how financial markets react to the disclosure of financial crimes committed by listed firms. While consensus expects negative returns, the exact size of the effect is far from clear. We survey 111 studies published over three decades, from which we collect 480 estimates from event studies. Then, we perform a thorough meta‐analysis based on the most recent available techniques. We show that the negative abnormal returns found in the literature seem to be exaggerated by more than three times. Hence, the “punishment” effect, including a reputational penalty, suffers from a serious publication bias. After controlling for this bias, negative abnormal returns suggest the existence of an informational effect. We also document that accounting frauds, crimes committed in common‐law countries such as the United States, and allegations are particularly severely sanctioned by financial markets, while the information channels and types of procedures do not influence market reactions.
Self‐designed surgical guides for accurate socket shield preparation: An in vitro evaluation supported by a clinical report
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhao Linxiao , Li Lei , Wang Jian
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To achieve accurate socket shield preparation with newly proposed guides that are based on guiding rails and to investigate the effect of rail format (unilateral or bilateral) and rail height on the accuracy and efficiency of the guides.

Materials and methods

Two surgical guides based on grooved rails to guide the rotary instruments were produced. The first guide was used to cut the root into a labial shield with a pre‐designed form and a lingual one, while the second guide was used to reduce the socket shield to the alveolar bone crest. The CBCT and intraoral scan data were first obtained and superimposed using the software. After isolating the root which would be used as a socket shield, grooved rails were designed on two separate guide templates according to the chosen rotary instruments to obtain a labial shield with a pre‐designed form. An in vitro study was then conducted based on four cases in each group to determine the accuracy, efficiency, and optimal parameters of the guides, which was then verified with a clinical report. Comparisons between groups were performed with a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA, for comparison between multiple groups) and the Student‐Newman‐Keuls test (for comparison between two groups).

Results

With these two guides, the root can be divided into two pieces, including a palatal one and a labial one with a pre‐designed form within a short time. Guide templates with bilateral rails more than 7 mm in height and those with unilateral rails 9 mm in height significantly increased the surgery accuracy, showing accurate shield preparation and decreased bone injury. Moreover, the guides with bilateral rails of more than 5 mm significantly decreased the surgery time for shield preparation. The presented case further verified the accuracy and efficiency of the guides.

Conclusions

The newly proposed guides can help to accurately prepare the socket shield, resulting in long‐term stability of peri‐implant tissues. Moreover, bilateral guiding rails with a height of 7–9 mm are recommended in such a guided socket shield surgery.
Lentil (Lens culinaris), a new host of Alternaria chlamydosporigena
Authors: Kouadri Mohamed El Amine , Bekkar Ahmed Amine , Zaim Souad
Published: September 2023

During a survey conducted in June 2019, chlorosis symptoms were observed on lentil leaves in a field located at Relizane, Algeria. Based on morphological and molecular identification, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria chlamydosporigena. A pathogenicity test was carried out and Koch's postulates were verified and fulfilled. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of A. chlamydosporigena as new pathogen on lentil worldwide.
Characterization of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthases in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis and their potential roles in the fading of the thallus
Authors: Zhang Li , Yuan Quan , Hu Chaoyang , Sun Xue , Gong Yifu , Xu Nianjun
Published: September 2023

Membrane lipids play essential roles in regulating physiological properties in higher plants and algae. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is a major thylakoid membrane lipid, and it is an important source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for cells, plays a key role in the biogenesis of plastids, and maintains the function of the photosynthetic machinery. Several studies have indicated that the knockdown of MGDG synthase results in membrane lipid remodeling, albino seedlings, and changes in photosynthetic performance. However, the effects of MGDG synthase (MGD) inhibitors on lipids in macroalgae have not yet been clarified. Here, we characterized the effects of MGD inhibitors (ortho‐phenanthroline and N‐ethylmaleimide) on the composition of the fatty acids observed in MGDG and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis using electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry. The most abundant MGDG species contained 16:0/18:1 (sn‐1/sn‐2) fatty acids, and the most dominant DGDG species contained 20:5/16:0 (sn‐1/sn‐2) fatty acids. Measurements of photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic parameters revealed that photosynthesis of G. lemaneiformis was impaired. Principal component analysis and Spearman's correlation analysis revealed interactions between specific MGDG structural composition patterns and key metabolites involved in photosynthesis, indicating that 20:4/16:0 (sn‐1/sn‐2) MGDG and 16:0/18:1 (sn‐1/sn‐2) MGDG affect the structure and function of phycobilisomes and thus the color of G. lemaneiformis. Three genes (GlMGD1, GlMGD2, and GlMGD3) were cloned and identified. The addition of N‐ethylmaleimide to G. lemaneiformis did not affect the abundance of GlMGD mRNA, and the abundance of transcripts was significantly decreased by ortho‐phenanthroline.
A retrospective study of sinonasal tumors in 182 dogs treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (3 × 10 Gy) (2010‐2015)
Authors: Yoshikawa Hiroto , Lafferty Mary H. , Griffin Lynn R. , LaRue Susan M.
Published: September 2023

Background

Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is an emerging treatment for sinonasal tumors in dogs. Reported results regarding tumor control and incidence of acute and late radiation morbidities are inconsistent.

Objectives

To determine treatment efficacy and prognostic indicators of SRT in dogs with sinonasal tumors and to quantify acute and late radiation morbidities.

Animals

One hundred and eighty‐two client‐owned dogs with sinonasal tumors diagnosed cytologically, histologically, or radiographically that underwent SRT.

Methods

Single‐arm retrospective study by reviewing medical records of dogs treated with SRT (10 Gy × 3) between 2010 and 2015. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to determine overall survival (OST; from the first day of SRT to death by any cause) and disease‐specific survival times (DSST; OST but censoring tumor/treatment‐unrelated death). Tumors were staged using modified Adams criteria.

Results

Median OST and DSST of dogs treated with 1 course of SRT was 441 (95% CI: 389‐493 days) and 482 (428‐536 days) days, respectively with skin/oral cavity acute morbidities observed in 3% of dogs. DSST in dogs with stage 4 disease showed no statistical difference compared to other stages (P = .64). Oro‐nasal (n = 2) or naso‐cutaneous (n = 11) fistula development occurred in 7.1% of dogs with median time of 425 days (range: 83‐1733 days). Possible chronic rhinitis after SRT was recorded in 54 of 88 dogs (61%) where information was available.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Results are comparable to other reports of treatment of SRT. Acute morbidities were minimal. Modified Adams stage scheme appeared to be inappropriate for prognostication for dogs with sinonasal tumors treated with SRT.
Serum anandamide and lipids associated with linoleic acid can distinguish interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome from overactive bladder: An exploratory study
Authors: Torimoto Kazumasa , Ueda Tomohiro , Gotoh Daisuke , Kano Kuniyuki , Miyake Makito , Nakai Yasushi , Hori Shunta , Morizawa Yosuke , Onishi Kenta , Shimizu Takuto , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Aoki Junken , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Diagnosing interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome presents a major challenge because it relies on subjective symptoms and empirical cystoscopic findings. A practical biomarker should discriminate diseases that cause increased urinary frequency, particularly overactive bladder. Therefore, we aimed to identify blood biomarkers that can discriminate between interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and overactive bladder.

Methods

We enrolled patients with Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis (n = 20), bladder pain syndrome (n = 20), and overactive bladder (n = 20) and without lower urinary tract symptoms (controls, n = 15) at Ueda Clinic and Nara Medical University Hospital from February 2020 to August 2021. The degree of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome symptoms was evaluated using the interstitial cystitis symptom and problem indices. Metabolomics analysis was performed on 323 serum metabolites using liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.

Results

In the Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome group, we observed smaller relative areas, including anandamide, acylcarnitine (18:2), linoleoyl ethanolamide, and arachidonic acid, compared to those in the overactive bladder or control group. Notably, the differences in the relative areas of anandamide were statistically significant (median: 3.950e‐005 and 4.150e‐005 vs. 8.300e‐005 and 9.800e‐005), with an area under the curve of 0.9321, demonstrating its ability to discriminate interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

Conclusions

Serum anandamide may be a feasible diagnostic biomarker for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Reduced serum anandamide levels may be associated with pain and inflammation initiation, reflecting the pathology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Furthermore, our findings suggest that abnormal linoleic acid metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.
Genetic loci associated with Fusarium wilt resistance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) discovered by genome‐wide association study
Authors: Thanyasiriwat Thanwanit , Tongyoo Pumipat , Saman Prakob , Suwor Patcharaporn , Sangdee Aphidech , Kawicha Praphat
Published: September 2023

Fusarium wilt (FW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), has impacted global tomato production. This study aims to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes associated with FW resistance against different Fol isolates in tomato accessions using genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Ninety‐four tomato accessions were evaluated for FW resistance and subjected to GWAS analysis. Broad‐spectrum tomato accessions demonstrated resistance to Fol in at least two isolates, exhibiting a disease severity index (DSI) of 0%. Thirty‐two SNP loci were significantly linked to the DSI of Fol isolates TFPK401, BK2269 and NP‐T4, clustering on chromosome 6. Among these, 12 common significant SNPs were associated with the DSI of at least two Fol isolates, while four unique SNPs were specific to TFPK401 or NP‐T4. Furthermore, candidate genes associated with disease response to Fol infection were identified within a 37.9–41 Mb region flanking the SNPs. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms against Fol infection in tomatoes, potentially aiding the development of effective breeding strategies for Fusarium wilt resistance.
Ultrafast excited state dynamics of isocytosine unveiled by femtosecond broadband time‐resolved spectroscopy combined with density functional theoretical study
Authors: Ma Chensheng , Xiong Qingwu , Lin Jingdong , Wong Allen Ka‐Wa , Wang Mingliang , Kwok Wai‐Ming
Published: September 2023

Isocytosine, having important applications in antivirus and drug development, is among the building blocks of Hachimoji nucleic acids. In this report, we present an investigation of the excited state dynamics of isocytosine in both protic and aprotic solvents, which was conducted by a combination of methods including steady‐state spectroscopy, femtosecond broadband time‐resolved fluorescence, and transient absorption. These methods were coupled with density functional and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations. The results of our study provide the first direct evidence for a highly efficient nonradiative mechanism achieved through internal conversion from the ππ* state of the isocytosine keto‐N(3)H form occurring within subpicoseconds and picoseconds following photo‐excitation. Our study also unveils a crucial role of solvent, particularly solute–solvent hydrogen bonding, in determining the tautomeric composition and regulating the pathways and dynamics of the deactivation processes. The deactivation processes of isocytosine in the solvents examined are found to be distinct from those of cytosine and the case known for isocytosine in the gas phase mainly due to different tautomeric forms involved. Overall, our findings demonstrate the high photo‐stability of isocytosine in the solution and showcase the remarkable effect of covalent modification in altering the spectral character and excited state dynamics of nucleobases.
Competition between P2P ride‐sharing platforms and traditional taxis
Authors: Diao Wen , Jiang Baojun , Tian Lin
Published: September 2023

Over the past decade, the surge of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) ride‐sharing has significantly cut the market share and profitability for taxis, but taxis remain a major service provider in the personal transportation service industry. This paper analytically examines a market with two segments of consumers based on their travel distances, where a P2P platform and a traditional taxi company have different inconvenience costs and compete for customers through pricing. Our analysis shows that consumers’ inconvenience costs and the relative size or travel–distance heterogeneity of the two consumer segments play an important role in determining the firms’ equilibrium targeting and pricing decisions. We find that the taxi's inconvenience cost can have non‐monotonic effects on firms’ prices. An increase in the taxi's inconvenience cost can reduce both firms’ profits because it can induce both firms to lower their prices. In an extension, we show that distance‐based price discrimination (charging different unit prices based on the consumer's travel distance) can lead to win–win or lose–lose outcomes for both firms. Our results have useful managerial and regulatory implications.
Making sense of the Ukraine war: Geographers should not be afraid of geography
Authors: Megoran Nick
Published: September 2023

In this commentary I respond to the editor's dual invitation to offer critical geographical understandings of the Ukraine war and to reply to Ian Klinke's (Klinke, 2023) specific criticisms of my arguments about the role of NATO expansion in it. I suggest that first, we should recognise that geographical factors are crucial in understanding why the war occurred. Second, we need to theorise how geographical imaginations influence international relations and have done here in the form of NATO expansion. Finally, we should explore counter‐mappings of European futures in ways that could help us move towards a resolution of this terrible war.
Transfusion medicine education delivery in Rwanda: Adapting Transfusion Camp to a resource‐limited setting
Authors: Skelton Teresa , Nizeyimana Francoise , Pendergrast Jacob , Hagumimana Justin , Masaisa Florence , Kanyamuhunga Aimable , Gashaija Christopher , Callum Jeannie , Pavenski Katerina , Khandelwal Aditi , Lieberman Lani , Chargé Sophie , Kapitany Casey , Morgan Mary , Meirovich Harley , Lin Yulia
Published: September 2023

Background

Due to few teaching faculty, resource‐limited settings may lack the education curricula providers need for safe practice. As safe surgery becomes an increasing priority worldwide, it is essential to improve access to critical education content including in transfusion medicine. Transfusion Camp is a longitudinal curriculum, shown to increase knowledge in postgraduate trainees. The objective was to develop a sustainable bilateral partnership between Rwanda and Canada, and to integrate Transfusion Camp into the existing curriculum of the School of Medicine and Pharmacy at University of Rwanda.

Methods

A Transfusion Camp pilot course was initiated through collaboration of experts in Rwanda and Canada. Planning occurred over 6 months via online and in‐person meetings. Canadian teaching faculty adapted course content via iterative discussion with Rwandan faculty. Final content was delivered through online pre‐recorded lectures by Canadian Faculty, and in‐person small‐group seminars by Rwandan Faculty. Project feasibility was assessed through structured evaluation and informal debriefing.

Results

Twenty‐seven postgraduate trainees were present for the pilot course, of whom 21 (78%) submitted evaluation forms. While the structure and content of the adapted Transfusion Camp curriculum were well‐received, the majority of respondents indicated a preference for in‐person rather than pre‐recorded lectures. Debriefing determined that future courses should focus on continuing education initiatives aimed at physicians entering or already in independent practice.

Conclusion

A partnership between universities and blood operators in high‐resource and resource‐limited countries results in a transfusion medicine curriculum that is locally applicable, multidisciplinary, and supportive of learning benefitting the learners and educators alike.
Determinants of 1500-m Front-Crawl Swimming Performance in Triathletes: Influence of Physiological and Biomechanical Variables
Authors: López-Belmonte Óscar , Ruiz-Navarro Jesús J. , Gay Ana , Cuenca-Fernández Francisco , Cejuela Roberto , Arellano Raúl
Published: September 2023

Purpose: To analyze the associations between physiological and biomechanical variables with the FINA (International Swimming Federation) points (ie, swimming performance) obtained in 1500-m front-crawl swimming to determine whether these variables can be used to explain triathletes’ FINA points. Methods: Fourteen world-class, international and national triathletes (10 male: 23.24 [3.70] y and 4 female: 23.36 [3.76] y) performed a 1500-m front-crawl swimming test in a short-course pool. Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (), and blood lactate concentrations were obtained before and after the test. HR was also measured during the effort. Highest value () was estimated by extrapolation. Clean swimming speed, turn performance, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index (SI) were obtained by video analysis. Results: Average 1500-m performance times were 1088 (45) seconds and 1144 (31) seconds for males and females, respectively. HR after the effort, , aerobic contributions, total energy expenditure, energy cost, and turn performance presented moderate negative associations with swimming performance (r ≈ .5). In contrast, respiratory exchange ratio, anaerobic alactic contribution, clean swimming speed, stroke length, and SI were positively related, with clean swimming speed and SI having a strong large association (r ≈ .7). A multiple stepwise regression model determined that 71% of the variance in FINA points was explained by SI and total energy expenditure, being predictors in 1500-m front-crawl swimming. Conclusions: Swimming performance in triathletes was determined by the athletes’ energy demands and biomechanical variables. Thus, coaches should develop specific technique skills to improve triathletes’ swimming efficiency.