bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENENTUAN RUTE KENDARAAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CLARK AND WRIGHT SAVING HEURISTIC (STUDI KASUS : PT. SINAR SOSRO)
Authors: Sianipar Mariana , Fu’ani David , Sutopo Wahyudi , Hisjam Muhammad
Published: May 2018

Distribution and transportation are very vital for the company business beverages that must distribute its products to many areas of the consumer, for example is a bottled tea company.  A good distribution plan and an optimum route would decrease cost and time for distributing the products.  In a real case study for a bottled tea in Surakarta area, the fluctuating demand of consumers cannot be ensured and these mismatches by a salesman that should be based on the distribution plan and the realization of visit (RRK) resulted in the absence schedule. Therefore, it is required an optimum route to help the salesman in doing RRK or distribution without ignoring predetermined targets. There is a settlement solution will be more orderly preparation of these are using a Clark and Wright Saving Heuristic method. The method is able to assist the performance of salesmen and cost savings in the delivery of Surakarta area. In this paper, we have presented a real cases vehicle routing based on Clark-Wright algorithm to solve the open vehicle routing problem (OVRP) of bottled tea distribution in Surakarta District. We have modified the Clark Wright algorithm with three procedures composed of Clark and Wright formula. The methods of swap, 2 OPT and 3-OPT were used to improve our best solution in shortest route and the cheapest cost of distribution.
KEPEMIMPINAN, KREATIVITAS DAN KECAKAPAN HIDUP
Authors: Napitupulu W. P.
Published: May 2018

A country and her people could be well developed if there are available enough qualified human resources which are produced by educational institutions. This article discusses leadership, creativity, and life skills which are very important for human survival. The success of an organization to sustain and develop is much depends on the leadership practiced by the leaders within the organization. While individual or group creativity is required to find innovative solutions to overcome the problems effectively and efficiently. Finally, life skills are needed by everybody to enable him/her to survive successfully. The roles of education in developing leadership, creativity, and life skills are put forwards thoroughly.
Comparison of Intermediate to Long-Term Outcomes of Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Ankles with Preoperative Varus, Valgus, and Neutral Alignment
Authors: Lee Gun-Woo , Wang Shao-Hua , Lee Keun-Bae
Published: May 2018

Background:

Preoperative ankle coronal malalignment has been considered as a risk factor for poor outcomes and failure after total ankle arthroplasty. The present study evaluated whether intermediate to long-term outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty in ankles with preoperative varus and valgus malalignment (5° to 20°) are comparable with those with neutral alignment (<5°).

Methods:

We enrolled 144 consecutive ankles that underwent primary total ankle arthroplasty (140 patients) using a mobile-bearing HINTEGRA prosthesis with a minimum follow-up of 4 years; the mean overall follow-up duration was 89 months (51 to 145 months). We divided all patients into 3 groups according to the preoperative coronal plane tibiotalar angle: the varus group (59 ankles, 5° to 20° of varus), the valgus group (34 ankles, 5° to 20° of valgus), and the neutral group (51 ankles, <5°). Patients in each group showed similar characteristics in mean age, sex, body mass index, and follow-up period.

Results:

The mean Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale pain and disability score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score, Short Form-36 Physical Component Summary score, visual analog scale pain score, and ankle range of motion did not differ meaningfully among the 3 groups at the final follow-up. The final tibiotalar angle showed that the degree of coronal alignment of the varus group was significantly less corrected compared with the neutral group (p = 0.010). The varus group had significantly more concomitant procedures (42 procedures [71.2%]) compared with the neutral group (p = 0.003). The prevalence of major complications did not differ among the 3 groups (p = 0.124). The overall probability of implant survivorship was 91.1% (97.7% in the varus group, 81.1% in the valgus group, and 90.9% in the neutral group) at a mean follow-up of 7.3 years.

Conclusions:

In the intermediate to long-term follow-up, mobile-bearing total ankle arthroplasty showed similarly good outcomes in patients with varus and valgus malalignment up to 20° compared with the neutral alignment group when neutrally aligned ankles were achieved postoperatively.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
HSS Dysphagia and Dysphonia Inventory (HSS-DDI) Following Anterior Cervical Fusion
Authors: Hughes Alexander P. , Salzmann Stephan N. , Aguwa Okezie K. , Miller Courtney Ortiz , Duculan Roland , Shue Jennifer , Cammisa Frank P. , Sama Andrew A. , Girardi Federico P. , Kacker Ashutosh , Mancuso Carol A.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Dysphagia and dysphonia are common complications after anterior cervical spine surgery; however, reported prevalences vary greatly due to a lack of reliable clinical standards for measuring postoperative swallowing and speech dysfunction. The Hospital for Special Surgery Dysphagia and Dysphonia Inventory (HSS-DDI) was developed as a patient-derived, patient-reported instrument to measure dysphagia and dysphonia more accurately after anterior cervical spine surgery than existing indices.

Methods:

This multiphase survey-development study implemented a mixed-methods approach. Phase 1 involved qualitative assessment of postoperative patient-reported swallowing or speaking deficiencies to assemble a draft survey. Phase 2 established test-retest reliability and finalized the 31-item HSS-DDI. Phase 3 compared the HSS-DDI with the Swallowing-Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire and the M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) for validity and responsiveness.

Results:

Phase 1, performed to formulate the draft survey, included 25 patients who were asked about speech and swallowing dysfunction after anterior cervical spine surgery involving at least 3 vertebral levels. Phase 2 included 49 patients who completed the draft survey twice. The mean scores (and standard deviation) for each administration of the HSS-DDI were 67 ± 24 and 75 ± 22, the Cronbach alpha coefficients were both 0.97, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.80. The 31-item HSS-DDI was finalized with all but 2 items having weighted kappa values of ≥0.40. Phase 3 included 127 patients and established external validity, with most correlation coefficients between the HSS-DDI and the SWAL-QOL and MDADI ranging from 0.5 to 0.7. Internal validity was established by identifying worsening HSS-DDI scores with increases in the number of vertebral levels involved (p = 0.02) and in the Surgical Invasiveness Index (p = 0.006). HSS-DDI responsiveness ascertained by effect size (0.73) was better than that of the SWAL-QOL and MDADI. The average administration time for the HSS-DDI was 2 minutes and 25 seconds.

Conclusions:

The HSS-DDI is efficient, valid, and more responsive to change after anterior cervical spine surgery than existing surveys.

Clinical Relevance:

The HSS-DDI fills a gap in postoperative assessment by providing a reliable, more clinically sensitive, patient and condition-specific evaluation of dysphagia and dysphonia prospectively and longitudinally.
An Analysis of Student’s Speaking Anxiety and its Effect on Speaking Performance
Authors: Sutarsyah Cucu
Published: May 2018

This study was carried out to seek if there is a negative psychological factor known as anxiety could really affect students’ speaking performance and to find the difference in speaking performance between students with higher level of anxiety and students with lower level of anxiety and also to seek which of the factors of anxiety is dominant. The participants of this research were the first year students of SMPN 2 Bandar Lampung. There were 27 students in that class. The research design was ex post facto to seek the correlation between the variables. Questionnaire and speaking test were used as data collection and then they were analyzed by using Independent T-Test and Linear Regression to test the hypotheses. The results show that the students’ speaking performance significantly differs between the two groups. The mean score of higher level of anxiety students was 62.37 while the mean score for lower level of anxiety students was 83.81. Based on the analysis by using Mann-Whitney U Test, it shows that lower level anxiety students have higher score in speaking performance than those with higher level of anxiety as the computation resulted in p value at 0.005. The next analysis by using Linear Regression resulted in r2 ­­ (0.319). The data show that speaking anxiety may give negative contribution to the overall students’ speaking performance achievement. It also found that nervousness is dominant factor followed by worry and tension.
The Use of Banten-Dialect Javanese Language as the Identity Marker of Banten Society Viewed from Gender Perspective
Authors: Suharsih Siti
Published: May 2018

Given the reality of language diversity in Banten and juxtaposed with the differences in language behavior between men and women, the researcher directly examined the pattern of Banten-Dialect Javanese Language associated with gender in the community of Gowok Village, Sukajaya, Curug District, Serang City. This study aimed to describe the patterns of Banten-Dialect Javanese Language use in the family and neighborhood domains viewed from gender perspective.To achieve the objectives, this study used a qualitative approach. A qualitative approach was used to describe the patterns of Banten-Dialect Javanese Language in two domains, namely family and neighborhood, and describe how gender can distinguish the use of language in the two domains. The populations of this research were the speakers of Banten-Dialect Javanese Language in Gowok Village, Curug District, Serang City, and the determination of sample as the respondents was done by snowball sampling technique. The method used to collect the data of this research was survey method. To obtain the data from large populations, the researcher used data collection techniques through a written questionnaire instrument .
Extensive Reading in Developing Language Competency for Indonesian EFL Learners Majoring in English
Authors: Delfi Syofia , Yamat Hamidah
Published: May 2018

Extensive reading might develop EFL learners’English competency because in the process of reading, they keep on reading a lot of reading materials and immerse in the language use. This article is based on literature review for a study “ a Case Study on Two Indonesian Learners’ Extensive Reading in English Experiences towards Developing Reading Competency”. This article aims to describe how extensive reading contributes to English competency of EFL learners. The review shows that the contribution of extensive reading is in terms of the context of Indonesian EFL learners, learning language for Indonesian EFL learners, and characteristics and the benefit of extensive reading meet the Indonesian EFL Learners’ reading experiences. The more the learners read, the more they acquire the language, and the more they acquire the language, the more they develop their language competency. This process shows how extensive reading contributes to English competency. This review is expected to be meaningful for the study designed.
The Implementation of Critical Thinking in a Saudi EFL Context: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Al Zahrani Budor Saeed , Elyas Tariq
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is to explore the challenges to, and benefits of, fostering of critical thinking (CT) in the Saudi EFL (English as a foreign language) context.  In the next section, the concept of CT will be clarified.  In the following two sections, possible challenges or barriers to CT, whether religious or pedagogical, in the Saudi context are analyzed and refuted.  After discussing the religious and the educational background of this issue, practices for promoting CT inside EFL classrooms are described.  Finally, the benefits of incorporating CT strategies into language learning are outlined.
Explicitation and Implicitation of Conjuctive Relation in Target Text of Principle Language Learning and Teaching(PLLT)
Authors: Sipayung Kammer Tuahman , Lubis Syahron , Setia Edi , Silalahi Roswita
Published: May 2018

Explicitation, implicitation and meaning change are the kinds of cohesion shift which is the important topic to investigate in translation. The confirmation of explicitation and implicitation translation process and its devices that is adopt by Noor Cholis and Yusi Avianto Pareanom in translating conjuction activites between sentences and clauses from English (ST) to Bahasa (TT). The data of this research are several conjuction which is appear in every chapter from Principle of Language Learning Language. To prove the hypothesis of explicitation based on Blum-Kulka (1986)  is also the aim of this research then the analysis about conjuntive relation is done based on Haliday and Hasan (1976). The result of this reaserach shown us that 1) The hypotheis is positive or the portion of explicitation is bigger (63,52%), Implicitation (28,93%), meaning change (7,54%). 2) Addition is 16 devices and omision 24 devices of conjuction are adopted by the translator. 3) translators applied explicitated to the four types of conjuction such as: additive (39,60% ), adversative (26,73% ), causal (10,89% ) and temporal (22,77%) and implicitated to the four types of conjuction additive (26,08% ), adversative (39,13% ), causal (23,91% ) and temporal (10,86%) while the meaning change on additive (66,66% ), adversative (33,33% ), causal (0% ) and temporal (0%). From the finding above, it is described that additive conjunction potrayed more explicit than other and adversative conjunction more implicit than the other while additive conjunction experiences more meaning change than the other types of conjuction.
An Analysis of Focus on Form Practice in Communicative English Language Teaching Classrooms
Authors: Muhamad Maizatulliza , Kiely Richard
Published: May 2018

In communicative English language teaching classrooms, one of the main issues discussed is the teaching of forms. Research shows that Focus on Form (FoF) practice which focuses on building students’ communicative ability is effective and desirable in helping students acquire their second language. This is unlike Focus on Forms (FoFs) practice which emphasises building students grammatical accuracy. However, many of the studies on FoF practices are designed within a controlled environment with pre-determined categories, which is different from an actual classroom setting. This study is conducted in actual communicative English language teaching classrooms to investigate teachers’ FoF practices. Data were gathered from 15 non-participant classroom observations and interviews with three Malaysian ESL teachers. The data from the observations showed the teachers’ tendency to employ isolated form-focused instructions (I-FFI) and reactive FoF practices in teaching grammar. However, the interviews revealed that the teachers focused more on helping students to master grammatical rules which conformed to the principle of FoFs practice. The contradicting findings suggest a complexity of teachers’ actual practices which is not highlighted by many of the research studies in this area.
The Correlations among Reading Habit, Multiple Intelligences, and Writing Mastery of English Education Study Program Students of Sriwijaya University
Authors: Lestari Ayu , Sofendi Sofendi , Petrus Ismail
Published: May 2018

The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the students’ Reading habit, multiple intelligences, and writing mastery, (2) to find out whether or not there was significant correlation among the students’ Reading habit, multiple intelligences, and writing mastery, and (3) to find out whether or not the students’ Reading habit and multiple intelligences contributed to their writing mastery. In this study, 76 undergraduate EFL students of English Education Study Program of Sriwijaya University in the academic year 2017/2018 were chosen as a samples by means of purposive sampling. This study applied correlational research design. The data were collected by using questionnaires and test, and were analyzed by using Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results showed that (1) most of the students (50%)  were in the average level of reading habit; most of the students (15.7%) had six dominant intelligences; most of the students (57.8%) were in the good level of writing mastery; (2) reading attitude was the only habit which had a negative and significant correlation to the students’ writing mastery (r= -271, p< 0.018); reading attitude also had positive and negative and significant correlation to the students’ ideas  (r= 0.367, p< 0.001) and thesis voice audience (r= -0.236, p=< 0.040); logical intelligence was the only intelligence which had negative and significant correlation to the students’ writing mastery (r= -0.238, p= 0.038); ideas was the only the aspect of writing had a positive  and significant correlation to the students’ logical intelligence (r= 0.267, p= 0.020) and intrapersonal intelligence (r= 0.250, p= 0.029); (3) reading attitude became the best predictor and influenced the students’ writing mastery with 7.3% contribution (R2 = 0.073).
The Role of UNASUR in the South American Democratic Crises (2008-2015)
Authors: Morales Martinez Elias David , Preta Oliveira de Lyra Mariana
Published: May 2018

The paper aims to analyze the performance of UNASUR in its first initial phase of activities in cases of democratic crises that happened in South America, during the period 2008-2015. Thus, it examines the cases of Bolivia (2008), Ecuador (2010), Paraguay (2012) and Venezuela (2014-2015). The central hypothesis of this study is that the defense of democracy and its institutions has been incorporated as one of the fundamental elements of the organization. Therefore, UNASUR is guided by political dialogue and consensus building for the maintenance of the democratic order in the South American countries and, consequently, a deepening of the regional integration process. It is argued that UNASUR includes democracy as one of its core values and acts to defend it in unstable situation. Therefore, the strengthening of the organization depends, among other factors, on its ability to resolve conflicts and promote democracy in the continent.
Chitosan-coated C-phycocyanin Liposome for Extending the Neuroprotective Time Window Against Ischemic Brain Stroke
Authors: Chung Goo Yong , Shim Kyou Hee , Kim Hye Jin , Min Seul Ki , Shin Hwa Sung
Published: May 2018

The time window for neuroprotection during ischemic brain stroke is short, and hence, development of
neuroprotectants is critical to extend this time window. This study sought to verify if muco-adhesive chitosan
coating improves the neuroprotective potential of the pre-proven C-Phycocyanin-pertaining liposome (C-Pc
liposome). The use of chitosan-coated liposomes extended the neuroprotective time window by 6 h after occlusion,
and further improved the neuroprotection efficiency of the C-Pc liposome in a rat Middle Cerebral Artery
Occlusion (MCAO) model. Beneficial changes in mRNA expressions of antioxidants, inflammatory cytokines
and glia scar proteoglycans were evident in the C-Pc liposomes. In addition, in the cultured astrocytes, the chitosan-
coated C-Pc liposome expressed anti-oxidative activity without cytotoxicity.
GABAA receptors: Various stoichiometrics of subunit arrangement in α1β3 and α1β3ε receptors
Authors: Has Ahmad Tarmizi Che , Chebib Mary
Published: May 2018

GABAA receptors are members of the Cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate
most inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. These receptors are pentameric assemblies of
individual subunits, including α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, δ, ε, π, θ and ρ1-3. The majority of receptors are comprised of α,
β and γ or δ subunits. Depending on the subunit composition, the receptors are located in either the synapses or
extrasynaptic regions. The most abundant receptors are α1βγ2 receptors, which are activated and modulated by a
variety of pharmacologically and clinically unrelated agents such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, anaesthetics
and neurosteroids, all of which bind at distinct binding sites located within the receptor complex. However, compared
to αβγ, the binary αβ receptors lack a benzodiazepine α-γ2 interface. In pentameric αβ receptors, the third
subunit is replaced with either an α1 or a β3 subunit leading to two distinct receptors that differ in subunit
stoichiometry, 2α:3β or 3α:2β. The consequence of this is that 3α:2β receptors contain an α-α interface whereas
2α:3β receptors contain a β-β interface. Apart from the replacement of γ by α1 or β3 in binary receptors, the incorporation
of ε subunit into GABAA receptors might be more complicated. As the ε subunit is not only capable
of substituting the γ subunit, but also replacing the α/β subunits, receptors with altered stoichiometry and different
pharmacological properties are produced. The different subunit arrangement of the receptors potentially constructs
novel binding sites which may become new targets of the current or new drugs.
The Effects of Polymorphism on Physicochemical Properties and Pharmacodynamics of Solid Drugs
Authors: Zhou Yanan , Wang Jingkang , Xiao Yan , Wang Ting , Huang Xin
Published: May 2018

Background:

Nowadays, the polymorphism of solid materials plays important roles in pharmaceutical
field, food industry, fine chemicals and so on. Due to the differences in crystal structure, different polymorphs of
a given solid drug show different physicochemical characteristics, which may lead to different drug bioavailability
and half-life of the drug. Studies about polymorphism of solid drugs have become an indispensable important
component in dosage form design, approval, production and quality control of drugs.

Methods:

In order to reveal the dissimilarity between polymorphs, the classification approach of polymorphism
and the features of each category are outlined and discussed in this paper. The influence of polymorphism on
physicochemical characteristics of solid drugs such as powder property, melting point, enthalpy of fusion, dissolution
behavior and stability are discussed in detail. Furthermore, a variety of differences in drug bioavailability
and curative effect of polymorphs are also summarized and discussed.

Results:

Due to the differences in internal crystalline structure, different polymorphs of the same solid drugs
generally show different physicochemical properties, including powder property, melting point, enthalpy of fusion,
dissolution behavior and stability. Furthermore, different polymorphs of solid drugs often exert a diverse
curative effect.

Conclusion:

As one of the significant factors to affect the quality and curative effect of solid drugs, polymorphism
of drug substances has been investigated in the pharmaceutical field for over 50 years. Considerable studies
indicate that comprehensive understanding of polymorphism is important for development, dosage form design,
approval, production, quality control and curative effect of solid drugs.
The Effect of Different Roasting Durations on the Acrylamide Concentrations in the Arabic Coffee Beverages
Authors: Alshawi Amal H.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Acrylamide is the most powerful carcinogenic and neurotoxic compound
widely distributed in thermally processed foods. This compound is formed during early stages of
roasting processes of coffee beans through Millard reaction between reducing sugars and asparagine.
Due to the huge consumption of coffee throughout the globe, it has been considered as the major dietary
source of this dangerous compound. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of roasting
conditions on sugars and acrylamide contents in the Arabic coffee beans and beverages.

Methods:

Arabic coffee beans were roasted at 125°C for 30 to 60 min, ground to powders, brewed in
boiling water for 20 min and then analysed for sugars and acrylamide contents.

Results:

Roasting conditions significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the content of both reducing and nonreducing
sugars compared to untreated samples. Increasing roasting duration to 40 min significantly
(P ≤ 0.05) increased the acrylamide concentration values to the maximum, whereas extending the duration
over 40 min (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the acrylamide concentration of coffee beans and beverages.

Conclusion:

The present study confirms that the process of roasting coffee beans is a significant factor
in the formation of acrylamide in Arabic coffee powders and beverages.
Caffeine Improves Hormonal and Lactate Homeostasis in Diabetic Rats
Authors: da Silva Luiz A. , Wouk Jéssica , Weber Vinícius M.R. , de Almeida Pablo , Martins Julio C.L. , Malfatti Carlos R.M. , Osiecki Raul
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Lactate Minimum Test (LMT) identifies a sustainable exercise intensity, in
which an equilibrium is observed between production and clearance of blood lactate and the hormone
influence during this physiological moment.

Objective:

The present study aimed to identify the levels of LM and hormones after caffeine consumption
and exercise Stress Test (ST) in diabetic rats.

Methods:

This study was composed of 24 animals, of 60 days, allocated into four groups: Control, Diabetic,
Caffeine, and Diabetes+Caffeine. The Diabetes model was induced by intraperitoneal administration
of 120 mg/kg of alloxan. On the test day, 6 mg/kg of caffeine were administrated 30 minutes
before the exercise Stress Test (ST) protocol. During the ST animals underwent a Stress Test (ST), in
which they performed forced swimming (until exhaustion) tie to loads of 13% Body’s Weight (BW).
The incremental phase of LM began with an initial load of 4% Body’s Weight (BW) and increased
0.5% every 5 min. Lactate concentration was measured 5, 7 and 9 min (mmol/L) after ST. The Incremental
Progressive Test (IPT) involved swimming with loads of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 7.0% of
BW, for 5min with each. Blood samples were collected by a caudal puncture to subsequent lactate and
hormone assay.

Results:

Performance time and lactate concentration of hyperlactatemia test, as well as Lactate Minimum
(LM) and Lactate (LAC) concentration after the progressive test presented a significant difference
when comparing the levels of the control group with caffeine and diabetic group (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

It is suggested that caffeine improves lactate clearance and hormonal steady state condition
of diabetic animals after hyperlactacidemia and physical exercise maintenance.
Performance of DQ Based Controller for Solar Wind Hybrid Power System
Authors: Reddy D.C.K. , Narayana S.S. , Ganesh V.
Published: May 2018

Background:

This paper presents a compensation technique to improve the efficiency of a
microgrid (MG) in the distribution system.

Methods:

A Direct-Quadrature (D-Q) based compensation technique is proposed to mitigate the power
quality issues in Microgrid on the load side. The proposed model is used to control and balance the
power generation to load demand in MG under different loading conditions. Renewable Energy Source
(RES) Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind based generations are considered as two micro generations and are
integrated with the conventional power system.

Result:

The proposed model can be used as plug and play mode operation of MG.

Conclusion:

The performance of proposed compensation techniques is analyzed in the MATLAB /
Simulink environment and the simulation results exhibit satisfactory controller action.
Social Media as a Platform for Information and Support for Melanoma Patients: Analysis of Melanoma Facebook Groups and Pages (Preprint)
Authors: Maganty Nishita , Ilyas Muneeb , Ginsberg Zachary , Sharma Amit
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Social media is increasingly used as a source of health information and is useful for information exchange and patient support.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to describe the Facebook groups and pages that are available for melanoma patients.

METHODS

A systematic search of Facebook groups and pages was performed using the word “melanoma.” The first 50 pages found in the search, sorted by most relevant, were analyzed for several characteristics, namely page name, category, verification status, number of likes, number of followers, visitor posts per week, page posts per week, ability to donate, date of inception, and for-profit or nonprofit. The first 50 groups found in the search, sorted by most relevant, were analyzed for name, category, number of members, and privacy setting.

RESULTS

There were 669 pages and 568 groups related to melanoma found on Facebook. The first 50 pages had a combined total of 266,709 likes and 257,183 followers and, of these, 30% (15/50) were verified by Facebook. Within the analyzed Facebook pages, the average number of visitor posts per week was 0.48, the average number of posts by the page per week was 5.6, and the most common page categories were community and nonprofit. Of the 50 groups analyzed, 18 were public and 32 were private (closed). The total number of combined group members in all 50 groups was found to be 23,047 and 52% (26/50) of the groups were categorized as support.

CONCLUSIONS

Melanoma pages and groups on Facebook reach a large portion of the population. To provide resources for the population of patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma and ensure that proper information is distributed, physicians and health care organizations may consider using Facebook as a platform to support and educate patients with melanoma.
Clinical Pharmacodynamics
Authors: Keller Frieder , Hann Alexander
Published: May 2018

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics follow the logic of cause and consequence. Receptor-mediated and reversible effects can be distinguished from direct and irreversible effects. Reversible effects are capacity-limited and saturable whereas irreversible effects are limited only by the number of viable targets. In the case of receptor-mediated and reversible effects a threshold and a ceiling concentration can be defined. Antimicrobial drugs with concentration-dependent action are distinguished from drugs with time-dependent action. Concentration-dependent effects are associated with a high ceiling concentration and the target is the high peak. Time-dependent effects are associated with a high threshold concentration and the target is the high trough. During kidney dysfunction, alterations of drug response are usually attributed to pharmacokinetic but rarely to pharmacodynamic changes. Dose adjustment calculations, therefore, tacitly presume that pharmacodynamic parameters remain unchanged while only pharmacokinetic parameters are altered in kidney failure. Kidney dysfunction influences the pharmacokinetic parameters of at least 50% of all essential drugs. Clinicians usually consider pharmacokinetics when kidney disease is found, but pharmacodynamics is as important. Alterations of pharmacodynamic parameters are conceivable but only rarely reported in kidney failure. Sometimes surprising dosing adjustments are needed when pharmacodynamic concepts are brought into the decision process of which dose to choose. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics should both be considered when any dosing regimen is determined.
¿Cómo son las mujeres que lideran PYMES? Un estudio aplicado en Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez-Jiménez Marcela , Leiva Juan Carlos , Castrejón-Mata Carmen
Published: May 2018

El estudio analiza las características de las emprendedoras costarricenses y sus empresas, buscando aportar conocimiento, así como propuestas de apoyo para ese conglomerado. La metodología combina un enfoque cuantitativo a partir de datos del segundo informe nacional de las Pymes del Observatorio de Costa Rica en la materia, así como cualitativo mediante entrevistas a informantes claves. Los resultados muestran cómo las mujeres inician un negocio motivadas principalmente por independencia, en edades entre los 35 y 49 años, su nivel de escolaridad al iniciar es universitario mayormente, desarrollan negocios principalmente en el sector servicios y su participación en las micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas formales del país es de 16.98%. Los principales obstáculos percibidos: su liderazgo y empoderamiento, así como los roles en la sociedad. Como recomendaciones, se plantea implementar programas educativos fomentadores del empoderamiento y programas de acompañamiento con desarrollo de negocios.
Desarrollo económico: de lo marco a lo territorial
Authors: Boza-Martínez Sofía
Published: May 2018

El estudio del crecimiento económico, y principalmente la identificación de las variables que lo motivan (o restringen), es un pilar esencial de la investigación económica. La inversión en capital físico, el cambio tecnológico, la mejora de las capacidades de la mano de obra, la calidad institucional - por mencionar algunas de las más relevantes - han sido señaladas por los economistas más prominentes de las últimas décadas, como claves para lograr una mejora de la producción de los países, y en consecuencia de la renta de sus habitantes. Sin embargo, el crecimiento económico per se no es garante de un mayor bienestar en la población. Obviamente, ambas cosas tienen una relación muy fuerte. Si comparamos el nivel de vida en los considerados como países ricos y lo confrontamos con aquellos de renta media y sobre todo baja, con toda probabilidad saltarán a la vista diferencias notorias en acceso a bienes, infraestructura o incluso seguridad. No obstante, la medición por excelencia del crecimiento económico, el Producto Interno Bruto, ha sido largamente cuestionada por todo aquello que no considera y que es muy relevante para la calidad de vida. Por ejemplo, la distribución de la renta, las externalidades sociales y ambientales que conlleva la producción o el acceso equitativo a educación y salud.
Los sobrecostos en los equipos de medición del proceso de pintura de la empresa Renault Sofasa, aplicando la metodología Kaizen
Authors: Henao-Cárdenas Diego Alejandro , Cano-Ortiz Germán Alberto , Palacio-Morales Jairo Alonso
Published: May 2018

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación sobre los factores que inciden en el retiro de los equipos de medición del proceso de pintura, de la empresa colombiana ensambladora de vehículos Renault Sofasa. Empleando métodos como el Kaizen y el Sistema de Aseguramiento Metrológico (SAM), se realiza un diagnóstico para determinar la pérdida económica generada por los sobrecostos ocasionados por los equipos de medición en etapas críticas del proceso productivo. Los resultados obtenidos por medio de esta investigación servirán de base para que la compañía desarrolle soluciones pertinentes, utilizando esta información como una herramienta para mitigar los sobrecostos generados en el departamento de producción. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la importancia de contar con un método adecuado para controlar y mejorar los procesos, no solo en la industria automotriz, sino en todos los sectores económicos que utilicen equipos de medición y que estos se encuentren vinculados con las variables críticas de control y la elaboración de los productos.
La administración del riesgo cambiario en ambientes de contingencia de las empresas importadoras y exportadoras de Oaxaca y Ciudad de México
Authors: Hernández-Jiménez Araceli
Published: May 2018

Las empresas importadoras y exportadoras, en comparación con las que no comercializan al exterior, tienen un riesgo adicional caracterizado por la volatilidad cambiaria. En esta investigación, se analizan las características que distinguen a la administración de las empresas con operaciones internacionales de la ciudad de México y Oaxaca, con altos rendimientos ante el riesgo cambiario 2014-2016 en ambientes contingentes, versus las empresas con bajos rendimientos, donde según la teoría de la contingencia las empresas usan diferentes mecanismos para adaptarse a los cambios del medio ambiente. Se usó una regresión logística (RL) para clasificar a las empresas con rendimientos superiores al 20 %, en función a sus características en la administración. Para caracterizar la administración se utilizaron 23 variables explicativas que abarcaron aspectos del administrador y los esquemas de cobertura empleados. Los resultados obtenidos encontraron que solo cuatro de las 23 variables fueron estadísticamente significativas para que las compañías lograran altos márgenes de rentabilidad, sobresaliendo la utilización de instrumentos financieros derivados como un factor determinante.
Análisis de las diferencias culturales en empresas México-alemanas a través del modelo de Hofstede
Authors: Tengler Franziska , Caldera-González Diana Del Consuelo
Published: May 2018

Actualmente, las relaciones comerciales entre México y Alemania se han fortalecido, siendo México el único país latinoamericano con un Tratado de Libre Comercio con Alemania.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el modelo cultural de Hofstede, para explicar las similitudes y diferencias culturales entre organizaciones alemanas y mexicanas, lo cual permite generar una gestión exitosa del talento humano en un entorno multicultural.Se utilizó el modelo cultural de Geert Hofstede por ser uno de los enfoques culturales más reconocidos acerca de la investigación intercultural.Se trata de una investigación documental con enfoque descriptivo, cuyas conclusiones resaltan que la cultura alemana y la cultura mexicana coinciden solamente en dos de las dimensiones propuestas por Hofstede: la masculinidad y la evitación de incertidumbre. Además, se encontró que Alemania tiene una distancia de poder pequeña y una orientación a largo plazo; por su parte México posee una distancia de poder alta y una orientación a corto plazo. Más allá, el individualismo y la restricción prevalecen en organizaciones alemanas, mientras que el colectivismo y la indulgencia sobresalen en empresas mexicanas.Indiscutiblemente, las diferencias mencionadas deben considerarse cuando se desea una gestión exitosa del talento humano en el entorno mexicano-alemán.
Análisis de modelos del talento humano aplicados en organizaciones pymes
Authors: Franco-López Jorge Ariel , Bedoya-Zapata Janneth
Published: May 2018

Las organizaciones tienen un aspecto clave que deben resolver los administradores cotidianamente y es el talento humano; aspecto fundamental que hace permanecer, crecer y generar rentabilidad financiera y social. La investigación cualitativa desarrollada partió de una pregunta: ¿qué situaciones tienen las organizaciones pymes con respecto del talento humano? La propuesta teórica se fortaleció a partir de seis modelos de talento humano y una estrategia. Para el desarrollo metodológico se abordó un sistema categorial a partir de dos variables de estudio: exógenas con dos subcategorías; y endógenas con tres subcategorías. El instrumento para la recolección de información fue a través de diez entrevistas estructuradas hechas en organizaciones de Medellín. El análisis de los datos se realizó con la ayuda del software Atlas ti versión 7.5.10. Mediante un análisis hermenéutico, se concluye que las organizaciones analizadas carecen de gestión de personal, tarea soportada solo desde la administración. Estas organizaciones solo requieren empleados con capacidad operativa, los niveles de selección se establecen a través del referido, se evidencia incipientes procesos de capacitación y ausencia de planes carrera o de ascenso.
Competitividad nacional empresarial versus innovación
Authors: Heijs Joost
Published: May 2018

Durante mis clases de Economía de la innovación, suelo preguntar a mis estudiantes lo siguiente: ¿Una empresa debe ser innovadora para ser competitiva y tener éxito en el mercado? La gran mayoría de ellos ofrece una respuesta afirmativa, por lo que les cuento la réplica a la misma que dio –en una entrevista radiofónica- el director de Coca Cola, restando importancia a la innovación: «mi empresa se dedica desde hace más de un siglo al mismo producto» (la Coca Cola se introduce en el mercado en 1888).
O pacto nacional pela alfabetização na idade certa (PNAIC) como política educacional
Authors: Aranda Maria Alice de Miranda , Viédes Silvia Cristiane Alfonso , Lins Cristina Pires Dias
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo analisou o Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) como política educacional redimensionada no que tange ao processo alfabetizador da criança. Metodologicamente, com base na abordagem qualitativa, fez-se uso da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Por um lado, apreendeu-se com o estudo que ao constatar no cenário brasileiro um alto índice de crianças que não estavam alfabetizadas ao final do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental, o governo apressou em sua defesa e instituiu o PNAIC como um meio de reverter o referido cenário. Contudo, o desafio continua tendo em vista que os resultados da ANA retratam que a estagnação da alfabetização da criança persiste no Brasil. Por outro lado, constatou-se que o PNAIC, desde sua implantação à implementação, cumpriu o papel como política educacional alicerçada pela pactuação entre os entes federados.
Análise do processo de gestão do pacto nacional pela alfabetização na idade certa no município de Campo Grande – MS
Authors: Brito Vilma Miranda de , Leonardo Gilvania Marques Rosa
Published: May 2018

O presente texto analisou a atuação da gestão escolar no Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) buscando apontar sua relação com a qualidade do ensino. Tomou-se como lócus o município de Campo Grande-MS, onde foram realizadas entrevistas com os gestores municipais responsáveis pela implementação da formação continuada nos anos de 2012 a 2017 e com a coordenadora da Instituição de Ensino Superior responsável pela implementação do PNAIC. Constatou-se que o PNAIC, apesar de apresentar organização nos processos de gestão, oferecer subsídios para a formação do professor alfabetizador e materiais para as salas de aula, depende de outras instâncias para que o ensino chegue às turmas de alfabetização com qualidade. Só será possível vislumbrar uma superação dos desafios evidenciados se houver a necessária articulação entre a gestão do PNAIC, a Secretaria de Educação e a gestão escolar.
Valorização docente do professor alfabetizador em Dourados – MS
Authors: Aranda Flávia Paula Nogueira , Perboni Fabio , Maia Elizangela Tiago da
Published: May 2018

O presente texto parte de dados empiricos coletados em pesquisa que abordou a temática da valorização docente no município de Dourados (MS). O conceito de valorização docente abarca ao menos quatro aspectos, o salário, a carreira, as condições de trabalho e a formação. Pautado por uma metodologia que se utilizou de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental este artigo apresentamos um recorte com foco nos professores alfabetizadores. Analisamos em que medida existem práticas de valorização para este segmento do magistério, historicamente pouco prestigiado pelas políticas educacionais. Observamos que existem no município ao menos duas medidas específicas para esse segmento. A primeira mais pontual, propicia aos docentes do primeiro e segundo ano do ensino fundamental um adicional de 10% sobre o salário inicial. A segunda, decorrente da indução do governo federal por meio do PNAIC, se constitui em experiencia significativa de valorização docente por criar condições de formação específica sobre processo alfabetizador.
Arquitectura de acoplamiento entre INS/GPS para navegación precisa en trayectorias establecidas
Authors: Zabala Monica , Cuenca Lorena , León Jorge , Cabrera Fausto
Published: May 2018

Se implementa un prototipo basado en tarjetas de desarrollo para el acoplamiento del sistema de navegación inercial con GPS para mejorar la precisión en la navegación sobre una trayectoria. Inicialmente es necesario la calibración de la unidad de medición inercial (IMU) mediante un filtro de MADGWICK para que los datos brutos extraídos sean fiables, el acoplamiento de las señales del sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS) e IMU se realiza a través de la arquitectura Tight Coupling por medio del Filtro de Kalman con el fin de eliminar errores correlacionados entre sistemas y alcanzar mejor precisión en la solución de navegación generalmente utilizada para aplicaciones en vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV). Se desarrolla la aplicación final denominada LJLAB en Matlab, cuya función es procesar y visualizar los datos medidos de ambos sistemas en forma independiente y acopladas al mostrar gráficamente el error en la precisión de posicionamiento que existe entre tecnologías, lo cual es comprobado estadísticamente a través del método experimental ANOVA que calcula el error absoluto entre los puntos reales y los medidos a través del análisis de la media y varianza de los datos observados.
A systematic review of flipped classroom studies in Turkish education
Authors: Tütüncü Nurhan , Aksu Meral
Published: May 2018

The
purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the flipped classroom (FC)
studies conducted in Turkey. The review reported on 38 studies- 27 research
articles, 9 master’s theses and 2 PhD dissertations- published from 2014 till
2017 in ERIC, Science Direct, Web of Science, ULAKBIM, EBSCOhost, JSTOR, CoHE,
and DOAJ. The results showed FC related studies conducted in Turkey have four
major focuses: achievement, attitudes, motivation and perspectives of the
students in FC and traditional classrooms. As a results, the majority of the
studies concluded that students taught in FC increased their achievement, are
reported to be more motivated, and developed positive attitudes.
Okul yöneticilerinin kaygı ve değişime hazır olma düzeyleri
Authors: KARACABEY Mehmet Fatih , BOZKUŞ Kıvanç
Published: May 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul yöneticilerinin kaygı ve
değişime hazır olma düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Tarama modeliyle yürütülen
araştırmada veriler Adıyaman ilinde, 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında görev yapan
77 okul yöneticisinden elde edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre okul yöneticilerinin
değişime hazır oldukları ve yönetici kaygı düzeylerinin olması gerekenden daha
yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yönetici kaygısının azaltılması ve yöneticilerin
değişim lideri olarak yetkilendirilmeleri önerilmiştir.
İslam öncesi dönem Türklerde tanrı anlayışı
Authors: AKSOY Hasan
Published: May 2018

Türklerin evren
anlayışlarını ortaya koyabilmek için, “Tanrı” teriminin açıklanması
gerekmektedir. Tanrı’nın varlığı ve gücü, yeryüzündeki kozmik olaylar ve
gökyüzündeki tanımlanamayan varlıklar, kâinat anlayışını ve düşünce yapısını
doğrudan etkilemiştir. Türkler Tanrı’nın üstün-sonsuz gücü olduğuna ve tüm
evreni yönettiğine inanırlardı. Türk dini tarihinde en eski terim “Tanrı”dır.
İlk defa Orhun Abidelerinde geçen “Tengri” kelimesi, Türkçe dilinin
özelliklerini taşımaktadır. Tanrı, sadece dini anlamda tasavvur edilmemiştir; evren
ve hayat görüşlerinin kaynağı olarak da görülmüştür. Abidelerde gökyüzü ile
Tanrı aynı kelime ile nitelendirilmiştir. Kök Türkler zamanında “Kök Tengri” kelimesi
bir yandan somut gökyüzünü ifade ederken, diğer yandan evrenin tek yaratıcısı
için kullanılmıştır. Nitekim mekân ve zamandan soyut olan Tanrı, zihinlerde tam
tanımı yapılamayan sonsuz göğe benzetilmiştir. Türklerde Tanrı inancı tarihin
derinliklerinden itibaren konumunu korumuştur. Hatta Tanrı deyimi, değişikliğe
uğramadan, neredeyse bütün Türk lehçelerinin ortak temel sözcüğü olmuştur. Bu
bildiride, İslam öncesi dönemde Türklerde Tanrı anlayışının yeri tespit
edildikten sonra, tek Tanrı inancının çıkış noktası ve Tanrı hakkında
bilinenler, Tanrı’nın etki alanı üzerinden tartışılmaya çalışılacaktır.