bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase equilibrium characteristics of supercritical CO2/poly(ethylene terephthalate) binary system
Authors: Li Zhi‐Yi , Meng Ting‐Yu , Liu Xue‐Wu , Xia Yuan‐Jing , Hu Da‐Peng
Published: May 2008

The solubility of carbon dioxide in poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) at high pressure and elevated temperature conditions was investigated for a better understanding of the phase equilibrium characteristics of supercritical CO2/PET binary system and useful data for the process development of the supercritical fluid dyeing. Based on the principle of pressure decaying, a novel experimental apparatus suitable to high pressure and high temperature measurement was established. The solubilities of CO2 in PET were measured with the apparatus at temperatures of 110, 120, and 130°C and pressures up to 30.0 MPa. The results show that the solubility of CO2 in PET increases with the increase of pressure and CO2 density, respectively, at a constant temperature, whereas it decreases with the increase of temperature at a constant pressure. The Sanchez‐Lacombe equation of state (S‐L EOS) was used to correlate the experimental data. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The average absolute relative derivation (AARD) is less than 3.91%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation of Zn2+‐chelated poly(HEMA‐MAH) cryogel for affinity purification of chicken egg lysozyme
Authors: Derazshamshir Ali , Ergün Bahar , Peşint Gözde , Odabaşı Mehmet
Published: May 2008

Supermacroporous poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)]‐based monolithic cryogel column was prepared by radical cryocopolymerization of HEMA with N‐methacryloyl‐L‐histidine methyl ester (MAH) as functional comonomer and N,N′‐methylene‐bisacrylamide (MBAAm) as crosslinker directly in a plastic syringe for affinity purification of lysozyme from chicken egg white. The monolithic cryogel containing a continuous polymeric matrix having interconnected pores of 10–50 μm size was loaded with Zn2+ ions to form the metal chelate with poly(HEMA‐MAH) cryogel. Poly(HEMA‐MAH) cryogel was characterized by swelling studies, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. The equilibrium swelling degree of the poly(HEMA‐MAH) monolithic cryogel was 5.62 g H2O/g cryogel. Poly(HEMA‐MAH) cryogel containing 45.8 μmol MAH/g was used in the adsorption/desorption of lysozyme from aqueous solutions. The nonspecific adsorption of lysozyme was very low (7.5 mg/g). The maximum amount of lysozyme adsorption from aqueous solution in phosphate buffer was 209 mg/g at pH 7.0. It was observed that lysozyme could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with the poly(HEMA‐MAH) cyogel without significant loss of adsorption capacity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Dendritic polychelatogens: Synthesis, characterization, and metal ion binding properties
Authors: Tülü Metin , Şenel Mehmet
Published: May 2008

In this article we demonstrate the synthesis of the dendritic polymers and their metal ion complexation. The concept of chemoremediation in liquid homogeneous phases using polymer reagents as a green technology is presented and outlined. First, as a hydrophilic ligand, AB3 type of dendron and its corresponding dendrimer using Poly(ethyleneoxide)‐Diacid (PEO‐DA) have been synthesized; second, surface of the three branched Poly(propyleneoxide)‐Triamine (PPO‐TA) was modified with methylacrylate and subsequently deprotected to a carboxylic acid. The dendrimers with pendant carboxylic groups were shown to be hydrolitically and termally stable. The metal complexing properties of the dendrimers were studied for Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Ag(I) ions in aqueous solution using the Liquid‐Phase Polymer‐Based Retention (LPR) method. In addition, the complexing capacity of synthesized PEO and PPO based dendrimers towards to Cu(II) were determined by inductively‐coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP) to be 260 and 142 mgg−1, respectively. According to the retention profiles determined as a function of filtration factor using LPR in conjunction with ICP, two and trivalent metal ions showed a strong interaction with these dendrimers © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis of an amphiphilic glucose‐carrying graft copolymer and its use for membrane surface modification
Authors: Wang Jianyu , Xu Youyi , Xu Hong , Zhang Fan , Qian Yanling , Zhu Baoku
Published: May 2008

A graft copolymer of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with a glucose‐carrying methacrylate, 3‐O‐methacryloyl‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐glucofuranose, was synthesized via the atom transfer radical polymerization technique with commercial PVDF as the macroinitiator. After a treatment with 88% formic acid, the isopropylidenyl groups of the precursor graft copolymer [poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐g‐poly(3‐O‐methacryloyl‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐ D‐glucofuranose)] were converted into hydroxyl groups, and this produced an amphiphilic graft copolymer (PVDF‐g‐PMAG) [poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐g‐poly(3‐O‐methacryloyl‐α,β‐D‐glucopyranose)] with glycopolymer side chains and a narrow molecular weight distribution (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight < 1.29). This glucose‐carrying graft copolymer was characterized with Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. A novel porous membrane prepared from blends of PVDF with PVDF‐g‐PMAG via an immersion–precipitation technique exhibited significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and an anti‐protein‐adsorption property. The surface chemical composition and morphology of the membrane were studied with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and characterization of regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin fiber containing recombinant cell‐adhesive proteins; Nonwoven fiber and monofilament
Authors: Zhu Zhenghua , Ohgo Kosuke , Watanabe Reiko , Takezawa Toshiaki , Asakura Tetsuo
Published: May 2008

To improve the cell‐adhesive character of Bombyx mori silk fibroin fiber, the regenerated B. mori silk fibroin fibers with recombinant cell‐adhesive proteins were prepared. The recombinant proteins were originally designed in our laboratory and expressed in Eschericchia coli; one is the protein with the primary structure of (TGRGDSPAS)8 which was designed based on the cell adhesive sequence in fibronectin and the other is (GERGDLGPQGIAGQRGVVGERGERGERGAS)8GPPGPCC GGG originated from the cell adhesive sequences in collagen. The nonwoven silk fibroin nano‐fibers including these recombinant proteins were prepared by electrospinning method from the hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solutions of mixture of B. mori silk fibroin and the recombinant proteins. The cell‐adhesive characters of such nonwoven silk fibers were much improved compared with that of the nonwoven silk fibroin fibers without the recombinant proteins. In addition, the degradation rates of the nonwoven fibers were accelerated by mixing of the recombinant proteins into silk fibroin. Here, we also prepared the regenerated silk fibroin monofilaments including the recombinant proteins by wet spinning from the HFIP dope solution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A simplified approach to teaching medical students ocular movements and the rationale in testing the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent nerves
Authors: Bernd Paulette , Jakway Jacqueline
Published: May 2008

The actions of the individual extraocular muscles are best explained to medical students in a lecture format by showing the relationship of each muscle to the axes of the globe and the walls of the bony orbit. The lateral and medial rectus muscles cross only the vertical axis, and consequently, cause only abduction and adduction, respectively. These muscles can be tested simply by asking the patient to abduct or adduct. Inability to do so indicates that the muscles and/or their innervation have been compromised. In contrast, the superior and inferior oblique and rectus muscles cross all three axes (vertical, horizontal, and anteroposterior) of the globe. Therefore, concentric contraction of each of these muscles results in three movements; abduction or adduction, elevation or depression, and intorsion or extorsion. These muscles must be tested with a sequence of two movements. Gaze can be either elevated or depressed by both an oblique and a rectus muscle. If abduction or adduction occurs first, one muscle of the pair becomes incapable of causing elevation or depression of the pupil. The rationale for abducting or adducting first is that either the oblique or rectus muscle of the pair will no longer cross the horizontal axis and will then be unable to effect the desired movement. Inability to elevate or depress gaze from the abducted or adducted position shows which muscle, the oblique or rectus, and/or its innervation has been compromised. Anat Sci Ed 1:126–129, 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.
Main‐Chain Length Control of Conformation, Membrane Activity, and Antibiotic Properties of Lipo­peptaibol Sequential Analogues
Authors: Oancea Simona , Hilma Geta , Peggion Cristina , Formaggio Fernando , Toniolo Claudio
Published: May 2008

To investigate the effect of backbone length and amphiphilicity on the 3D structure, membrane permeability, and antibacterial properties of trichogins, a subclass of lipopeptaibols, we prepared, by the segment condensation approach in solution and chemically characterized, a set of Nα‐1‐octanoylated ‐X‐(GLUG)n‐I‐L‐ ( X=G or U where U=Aib; n=1–4) sequential peptide esters. In parallel, the 12‐mer (UGGL)3 aneurism peptide, an analogue of the 11‐mer sequential peptide (n=2) with an amino acid insertion was also synthesized and studied. By FT‐IR absorption technique, we clearly showed that, in CDCl3 solution, all peptides essentially populate intramolecularly H‐bonded, helical conformations. Moreover, CD spectroscopy indicates that all peptides, with the single exception of the shortest oligomer (the heptamer), adopt mixed 310‐/α‐helical structures, to an extent approximately correlating with main‐chain length, in MeOH solution and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micelles. Significant membrane permeability properties were found only for the three longest GLUG‐based peptides, with the 15‐mer oligomer (n=4) resulting the most active. The lack of activity exhibited by the aneurism peptide in this experiment strongly suggests a relevant role for the sequence amphiphilicity. In addition, antibacterial activity and selectivity were highlighted and demonstrated to be dependent on peptide main‐chain length and amphiphilicity, in the sense that the two shortest GLUG‐based homologues are active against Gram‐positive strains, whereas the two longest homologues are able to penetrate the membranes of the Gram‐negative strains, and the UGGL‐based aneurism peptide is inactive.
Quinolizidinyl‐benzimidazoles as Platelet‐Antiaggregating Agents
Authors: Vazzana Iana , Terranova Emanuela , Tasso Bruno , Tonelli Michele , Piana Antonietta , Gastaldi Stefanella , Sparatore Fabio
Published: May 2008

Two series of (±)‐2‐phenyl‐1‐(quinolizidin‐1α‐yl)benzimidazoles, 12A–26A, and (±)‐2‐phenyl‐1‐(quinolizidin‐1β‐yl)benzimidazoles, 12B–26B, were prepared and tested for the inhibition of human platelets aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, and adrenaline. All epimers A, i.e., 12A–26A, were devoid of any activity against the three agonists, while the epimers B, i.e., 12B–26B, exhibited different degrees of activity, though practically confined against the ADP‐induced aggregation. The best compounds were 19B, 24B, and 26B, which inhibited for 69–67% at 260 μM and for 40–29% at 65 μM concentration the ADP (2 μM)‐induced aggregation. The observed agonist and spatial structure selectivity warrant further investigations of this kind of benzimidazole derivatives.
New Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Gypsophila oldhamiana and Their Biological Evaluation as Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors
Authors: Luo Jian‐Guang , Liu Jun , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: May 2008

The three new pentacyclic triterpenes 1–3 were isolated and elucidated from the roots of Gypsophila oldhamiana, together with seven known triterpenes (4–10). These triterpenes were evaluated for their glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity and preliminary structure–activity trends are suggested.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4‐Substituted 1‐{[4‐(10,15,20‐Triphenylporphyrin‐5‐yl)phenyl]methylidene}thiosemicarbazides as New Class of Potential Antiprotozoal Agents
Authors: Bhat Abdul R. , Athar Fareeda , Van Zyl Robyn L. , Chen Chien‐Teng , Azam Amir
Published: May 2008

A novel series of 4‐substituted 1‐{[4‐(10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin‐5‐yl)phenyl]methylidene}thiosemicarbazide, 4a–4n, was synthesized in 9–21% yield by the condensation of 4‐(10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin‐5‐yl)benzaldehyde (3) with various substituted thiosemicarbazides in presence of catalytic amount of AcOH. These compounds were assayed for in vitro antiamoebic activity, and the results showed that out of 14 compounds 9 were found with IC50 values lower than metronidazole corresponding to 1.05‐ to 4.7‐fold increase in activity. MTT Assay showed that all the compounds are nontoxic to human kidney epithelial cell line. 4‐(m‐Toluidinyl)‐1‐{[4‐(10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin‐5‐yl)phenyl]methylidene}thiosemicarbazide (4h) showed the highest antiamoebic activity with least cytotoxicity. Some of the compounds were screened for their antimalarial activities and ability to inhibit β‐haematin formation, but none of them showed an activity better than chloroquine and quinine. Only one compound out of six showed an activity comparable to standard drug.
Surprising Structural Lability of a Cysteine‐S‐Conjugate Precursor of 4‐Methyl‐4‐sulfanylpentan‐2‐one, a Varietal Aroma in Wine of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon Blanc
Authors: Shinkaruk Svitlana , Thibon Cécile , Schmitter Jean‐Marie , Babin Pierre , Tominaga Takatoshi , Degueil Marie , Desbat Bernard , Jussier Christophe , Bennetau Bernard , Dubourdieu Denis , Bennetau‐Pelissero Catherine
Published: May 2008

4‐Methyl‐4‐sulfanylpentan‐2‐one (1; 4MSP) provides a characteristic aroma compound of wines made from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc. 4MSP has a strong box‐tree odor with a very low perception threshold and is derived from the cysteinylated precursor S‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl)cysteine (4; P‐4MSP). P‐4MSP is transformed into 4MSP during alcoholic fermentation and is an excellent marker of varietal aroma potential. An improved synthesis of P‐4MSP as well as of its deuterium‐labeled analogue [D6]‐P‐4MSP is described. Several analytical methods (NMR, IR, LSI‐MS, GC/MS, ESI‐MSn) were combined to elucidate spontaneous reversible structural changes of P‐4MSP at different pH values. At low pH, P‐4MSP has a linear keto form. The keto–enol tautomerism was observed at neutral pH. At pH 8, the formation of N‐substituted intramolecular hemiaminal was characterized by ESI‐MS and ESI‐MSn experiments. The hemiaminal loses H2O at high pH to produce a cycloimine, which is easily opened by acid hydrolysis. The keto–enol tautomerism explained the incorporation of only six D‐atoms during the preparation of the P‐4MSP deuterated standard even if [D10]mesityl oxide was used. Derivatization conditions for GC/MS analysis strongly affected the ratio of the monosilylated intramolecular cyclic form and the disilylated linear form of P‐4MSP. The structural changes of P‐4MSP may have a considerable impact on the development of methods of measuring varietal aroma potential.
Intraflagellar transport, cilia, and mammalian Hedgehog signaling: Analysis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts
Authors: Ocbina Polloneal Jymmiel R. , Anderson Kathryn V.
Published: May 2008

Genetic studies in the mouse have shown that Intraflagellar Transport (IFT) is essential for mammalian Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction. In this study, we take advantage of wild type and IFT mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to characterize additional aspects of the relationship between IFT and Hh signaling. Exposure to Sonic hedgehog (Shh) ligand or expression of an activated allele of Smo, SmoA1, activates an Hh reporter in wild‐type MEFs, but not in MEFs derived from embryos that lack IFT172 or the Dync2h1 subunit of the retrograde IFT motor. Similarly, decreased activity of either Sufu or PKA, two negative regulators of Hh signal transduction, activates the pathway in wild‐type, but not IFT mutant, MEFs. In contrast to wild‐type MEFs, Smo is constitutively present in the cilia of Dync2h1 mutant MEFs. This finding suggests that IFT‐dependent trafficking of Hh pathway components through the cilium is essential for their function. Developmental Dynamics 237:2030–2038, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influenza A virus abrogates IFN‐γ response in respiratory epithelial cells by disruption of the Jak/Stat pathway
Authors: Uetani Kohsaku , Hiroi Miki , Meguro Tadamichi , Ogawa Hiroshi , Kamisako Toshinori , Ohmori Yoshihiro , Erzurum Serpil C.
Published: May 2008

The innate immunity to viral infections induces a potent antiviral response mediated by interferons (IFN). Although IFN‐γ is detected during the acute stages of illness in the upper respiratory tract secretions and in the serum of influenza A virus‐infected individuals, control of influenza A virus is not dependent upon IFN‐γ as evidenced by studies using anti‐IFN‐γ Ab and IFN‐γ–/– mice. Thus, we hypothesized that IFN‐γ is not critical in host survival because influenza A virus has mechanisms to evade the antiviral activity of IFN‐γ. To test this, A549 cells, an epithelial cell line derived from lung adenocarcinoma, were infected with influenza virus strain A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) (Aichi) and/or stimulated with IFN‐γ to detect IFN‐γ‐stimulated MHC class II expression. Influenza A virus infection inhibited IFN‐γ‐induced up‐regulation of HLA‐DRα mRNA and the IFN‐γ induction of class II transactivator (CIITA), an obligate mediator of MHC class II expression. Nuclear translocation of Stat1α upon IFN‐γ stimulation was significantly inhibited in influenza A virus‐infected cells and this was associated with a decrease in Tyr701 and Ser727 phosphorylation of Stat1α. Thus, influenza A virus subverts antiviral host defense mediated by IFN‐γ through effects on the intracellular signaling pathways.
Mesenchymal stem cells for graft‐versus‐host disease: Close encounters with T cells
Authors: Dazzi Francesco , Marelli‐Berg Federica M.
Published: May 2008

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have recently received centre stage attention because of their potent immunosuppressive effect which has also been successfully exploited in the clinical setting to treat graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD); however, the path to clinical efficacy is hindered by the limited understanding of how MSC work and how best to use their potential. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, it is shown, using an animal model, that MSC can treat GVHD only if administered in the presence of active disease and that this requirement is strictly related to the presence of IFN‐γ. Here we summarise the knowledge regarding MSC mediated tolerance and the evidence supporting the notion that MSC must be ‘licensed’ to exert their effects. We also propose the idea that the instrumental effect of IFN‐γ activity on MSC‐mediated immunomodulation relies upon IFN‐γ's ability to gather and retain suppressive and effector cells in the same anatomical compartment.

See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200738129
A Modular Approach Towards Nonsymmetrical Bis(metallosalen) Building Blocks
Authors: Curreli Simona , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: May 2008

New bis(metallosalen) building blocks are described that can be accessed through di‐ or tetraimine precursors derived from the 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine backbone. A selective procedure for the introduction of two imine groups in 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine was developed to furnish starting materials for nonsymmetrical metallosalen complexes. The procedure proved to be widely applicable and several diimine derivatives were isolated and fully characterized. The diimine compounds were used to prepare the first nonsymmetrical bis(salen) complexes (M = Zn, Ni) with different peripheral groups upon treatment with various salicylaldehydes in a one‐pot procedure. The identity of the bis(metallosalen)s was verified by a range of analytical techniques, and for two of these derivatives the X‐ray molecular structures are described. The crystallographic data revealed that the biphenylene linker between the two N2O2 donor sets can adopt conformations with different dihedral angles. The supramolecular potential of the bis[Zn(salen)] derivatives was investigated by combining two of these complexes with a ditopic ligand to yield supramolecular assemblies with nanoscale dimensions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
New Application of Heterocyclic Diazonium Salts: Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[3,4‐d][1,2,3]triazin‐4‐ones
Authors: Moyano Elizabeth L. , Colomer Juan Pablo , Yranzo Gloria I.
Published: May 2008

7‐Substituted 3,7‐dihydro‐4H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d][1,2,3]triazin‐4‐ones 2a–d were conveniently prepared by direct diazotization of 5‐aminopyrazole‐4‐carbonitriles 1a–d in HCl media. Different reaction conditions and the effects of substituents on N‐1 of the pyrazole ring were studied. A possible mechanistic exlpanation of the observed process is proposed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A partitioned coupling approach for dynamic fluid–structure interaction with applications to biological membranes
Authors: Wood C. , Gil A. J. , Hassan O. , Bonet J.
Published: May 2008

This paper presents a fully coupled three‐dimensional solver for the analysis of time‐dependent fluid–structure interaction. A partitioned time‐marching algorithm is employed for the solution to the time‐dependent coupled discretized problem, thus enabling the use of highly developed, robust and well‐tested solvers for each field. Coupling of the fields is achieved through a conservative transfer of information at the fluid–structure interface. An implicit coupling is achieved when the solutions to the fluid and structure subproblems are cycled at each time step until convergence is reached. The three‐dimensional unsteady incompressible fluid is solved using a powerful implicit dual time‐stepping technique with an explicit multistage Runga–Kutta time stepping in pseudo‐time and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation for the moving boundaries. A finite element dynamic analysis of the highly deformable structure is carried out with a numerical strategy combining the implicit Newmark time integration algorithm with a Newton–Raphson second‐order optimization method. Various test cases are presented for benchmarking and to demonstrate the potential applications of this method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depressive symptoms combined with dementia affect 12‐months survival in elderly patients after rehabilitation post‐hip fracture surgery
Authors: Bellelli Giuseppe , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Turco Renato , Trabucchi Marco
Published: May 2008

Objectives

To assess whether the association of depression and dementia affects 12‐month survival of elderly patients after rehabilitation post‐hip fracture (HF) surgery.

Methods

Two hundred eleven inpatients admitted to a Rehabilitation and Aged Care Unit (RACU) following surgery for HF were screened for depression with the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and stratified into four groups according to dementia (n = 40), depressive symptoms (n = 54, GDS score > 7/15), both (n = 27), and neither conditions (n = 90). The 12‐months survival after discharge was assessed among groups with Kaplan Meyer analysis and compared with Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for covariates. Subjects with neither depression nor dementia were the reference group.

Results

Survival of patients with depression and dementia was significantly lower than the other 3 groups: after adjustment for age, gender, comorbidity (Charlson Index), use of antidepressants, and Barthel Index at discharge, their Hazard Ratio (HR) was 8.7 (95% CI 1.5–48.5; p = 0.01); in the same Cox regression model, the HR of patients with dementia alone was 3.4 (95% CI 0.5–24.0; p = 0.20) while the HR of patients with depressive symptoms but no dementia was 5.0 (95% CI 0.8–28.3; p = 0.07).

Conclusions

The co‐occurrence of depression and dementia significantly increases the 12‐months risk of dying in elderly patients after rehabilitation post‐HF surgery. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Care management for depression and osteoarthritis pain in older primary care patients: a pilot study
Authors: Unützer Jürgen , Hantke Melinda , Powers Diane , Higa Lori , Lin Elizabeth , D. Vannoy Steven , Thielke Stephen , Fan Ming‐Yu
Published: May 2008

Objective

To establish the feasibility of and to generate preliminary evidence for the efficacy of a care management program addressing both physical and emotional pain associated with late‐life depression and osteoarthritis.

Methods

Treatment development pilot study in three university affiliated primary care clinics. Participants were patients 60 years or older with depression and osteoarthritis pain. The intervention entailed a nurse administered care management program supporting depression and arthritis treatment by primary care physicians. Outcomes include depression, pain severity and functional impairment from pain assessed at baseline and 6 months.

Results

Fourteen patients participated in the pilot program. Between baseline and 6 months, mean HSCL‐20 depression scores dropped from 1.78 (SD 0.56) to 1.06 (SD 0.59), a standardized effect size of 1.27 (p = 0.004). Pain intensity scores dropped from 5.67 (SD 1.69) to 4.18 (SD 1.98), an effect size of 0.88 (p = 0.021) and pain interference scores dropped from 4.91 (SD 1.75) to 3.49 (SD 2.14), an effect size of 0.81 (p = 0.013). Patients also experienced improvements in self efficacy, in satisfaction with depression care, and in timed 8‐m walk and transfer tests.

Conclusion

The combined intervention was feasible and well‐received by patients. Preliminary outcomes are promising and comparisons to an earlier trial of care management for depression alone suggest that the combined program may be equally effective for depression but more effective for pain. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terpenoids from Two Dicranopteris Species
Authors: Li Xiao‐Li , Tu Lin , Zhao Yu , Peng Li‐Yan , Xu Gang , Cheng Xiao , Zhao Qin‐Shi
Published: May 2008

Two new compounds, (6S,13S)‐6‐{[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl]oxy}cleroda‐3,14‐dien‐13‐ol (1) and kadsuric acid 3‐methyl ester (2), together with nine known compounds, (6S,13E)‐6‐{[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl]oxy}cleroda‐3,13‐dien‐15‐ol (3), (6S,13S)‐6‐[6‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl]oxy}‐13‐{[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl]oxy}cleroda‐3,14‐diene (4), (6S,13S)‐6‐{[6‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl]oxy}‐13‐{[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl]oxy}cleroda‐3,14‐diene (5), 15‐hydroxydehydroabietic acid (6), 15‐hydroxylabd‐8(17)‐en‐19‐oic acid (7), junicedric acid (8), (4β)‐kaur‐16‐en‐18‐oic acid (9), (4β)‐16‐hydroxykauran‐18‐oic acid (10), and (4β,16β)‐16‐hydroxykauran‐18‐oic acid (11) were isolated from the fronds of Dicranopteris linearis or D. ampla. Their structures were established by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1 and 3–8 showed no anti‐HIV activities.
Sesquiterpenoids from the Resinous Exudates of Commiphora opobalsamum (Burseraceae)
Authors: Shen Tao , Wan Wen‐Zhu , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Sun Ling‐Mei , Yuan Hui‐Qing , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Ji Mei , Lou Hong‐Xiang
Published: May 2008

Phytochemical investigation of the exudates of Commiphora opobalsamum led to the isolation of three new sesquiterpenoids, 2α‐methoxy‐6‐oxogermacra‐1(10),7(11)‐dien‐8,12‐olide (1), 5β‐10α‐hydroxy‐2α‐methoxy‐6‐oxoguaia‐7(11),8‐dien‐8,12‐olide (2), and furanocadina‐1(10),6,8‐triene‐4‐ol (3), together with six known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods.
Deracemization of a Macrocyclic 1,1′‐Biisoquinoline
Authors: Dyker Gerald , Stirner Wolfgang , Henkel Gerald , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: May 2008

The macrocyclic biisoquinoline 14 was synthesized in just four preparative steps starting from the simple biscarboxaldehyde 8. The interaction with camphorsulfonic acid induces an acid‐catalyzed partial deracemization.
Eight New Cucurbitane Glycosides, Kuguaglycosides A – H, from the Root of Momordica charantia L.
Authors: Chen Jian‐Chao , Lu Lu , Zhang Xian‐Ming , Zhou Lin , Li Zhong‐Rong , Qiu Ming‐Hua
Published: May 2008

Eight new cucurbitane glycosides, kuguaglycosides A–H (1–8, resp.), together with five known analogues, 3β,23‐dihydroxycucurbita‐5,24‐dien‐7β‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (9), karaviloside III (10), karaviloside V (11), karaviloside XI (12), and momordicoside K (13), were isolated from the root of Momordica charantia L. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods.
New Indole Alkaloids from Kopsia. Alkaloid Variation in Kopsia singapurensis
Authors: Subramaniam G. , Kam Toh‐Seok
Published: May 2008

Five new indole alkaloids, viz., kopsiloscine G (2), kopsidarine (4), kopsimaline F (6), kopsidine C N‐oxide (7), and aspidophylline B (9), in addition to 17 other known alkaloids, were obtained from the leaf and stem‐bark extract of the Malaysian Kopsia singapurensis. The structures were determined by using NMR and MS analysis. The results are compared with the alkaloidal composition of another sample of K. singapurensis, collected from the same location but at a different time of the year, as well as with other samples of K. singapurensis collected from different locations.
New Biphenyl Constituents from Garcinia oblongifolia
Authors: Wu Xu , Ke Chang‐Qiang , Yang Yi‐Ping , Ye Yang
Published: May 2008

Four new biphenyl derivatives, oblongifoliagarcinines A–D (1–4), were isolated on the chemical investigation of the stems and leaves of Garcinia oblongifolia. The structures of 1–4 were established on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and other spectroscopic analyses.
Cytotoxic Diterpenes from the Root Tuber of Curcuma wenyujin
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhang Peng , Jin Ye‐Cheng , Shi Qiang , Cheng Yi‐Yu , Qu Hai‐Bin , Ma Zhong‐Jun
Published: May 2008

Bioassay‐guided fractionation of ethanolic extract from the root tuber of Curcuma wenyujin afforded three new diterpenes, curcumrinols A–C (1–3), where 2 is the (14S)‐epimer of 1. The structures of 1–3 were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, mainly NMR and MS. 1–3 were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against the HL‐60 and K562 cancer cells. Among the compounds tested, 1 exhibited medium cytotoxicity against K‐562 and HL60 human cancer cells with IC50 values of 11.2 and 3.2 μg/ml, respectively. However, 2 showed only weak activity against the above cancers cells, which suggested that C(14) may be an important position for cytotoxic activity.
Efficient Synthesis of 14C‐Labeled 1H‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine and Related [4.3.0]‐Bicyclic Pyrimidino Systems
Authors: Ho Jonathan Z. , Van Arsdale Kyle R. , Braun Matthew P.
Published: May 2008

In support of a research program aimed at discovering purine‐related anticancer drug candidates, a method for the 14C‐labeling of pyrazolopyrimidines utilizing the readily available labeled starting material, sodium [14C]formate, has been developed with a good overall yield. This new method was proven to be general in the preparation of other related [4.3.0]heterocycles containing N, O, and S atoms. A concise synthesis of a model compound, 8‐aza‐7‐deaza‐5′‐[14C]noraristeromycin, was achieved utilizing this methodology as a key step.
Baimantuoluolines D – F, Three New Withanolides from the Flower of Datura metel L.
Authors: Yang Bingyou , Wang Qiuhong , Xia Yonggang , Feng Weisheng , Kuang Haixue
Published: May 2008

Three new withanolide compounds, named baimantuoluolines D–F, along with three known withanolides and a lignan were isolated from the flower of Datura metel L., the parts effective against psoriasis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as (5α,6β,12β,20R,22R,24R,25S)‐21,24‐epoxy‐5,6,12‐trihydroxy‐27‐methoxy‐1‐oxowith‐2‐enolide (1), (5α,6β,12β,20R,22R,24R,25S)‐21,24‐epoxy‐5,6,12,27‐tetrahydroxy‐1‐oxowith‐2‐enolide (2), and (5α,6β,12β,22R)‐5,6,12,21‐tetrahydroxy‐1‐oxowith‐24‐enolide(3) on the basis of physicochemical evidence.
Epigenetic transcriptional gene silencing in Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Mirelman David , Anbar Michael , Bracha Rivka
Published: May 2008

The human intestinal pathogen Entamoeba histolytica has a number of virulence factors which can cause damage to the host. Transcriptional silencing of the gene coding for one of its major toxic molecules, the amoebapore (Ehap‐a), occurred following the transfection of amoebic trophozoites with a plasmid containing the 5′ promoter region of Ehap‐a as well as a truncated segment of a neighboring, upstream SINE1 element that is transcribed from the opposite strand. Silencing was dependent on the presence of the truncated SINE1 sequences. Small amounts of short (∼140 n), ssRNA molecules with homology to SINE1 were detected in the silenced amoeba but no siRNA. The silenced Ehap‐a gene domain had a chromatin modification indicating transcriptional inactivation without any DNA methylation. Removal of the plasmid did not restore transcription of Ehap‐a. Transcription analysis by microarrays revealed that a number of additional genes were silenced and some were also up‐regulated. Transfections of amoeba which already had a silenced Ehap‐a, with a plasmid containing a second gene ligated to the 5′ upstream region of Ehap‐a, enabled the silencing, in‐trans, of other genes of choice. The nonvirulent phenotype of the gene‐silenced amoeba was demonstrated in various assays and the results suggest that they may have a potential use for vaccination. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(9): 598–604, 2008
Dichloroacetate‐induced modulation of cellular antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione level in the J774A.1 cells
Authors: Hassoun Ezdihar A. , Mehta Jatin
Published: May 2008

Dichloroacetate (DCA) is used for different medical and industrial purposes and has been found to be a toxic by‐product produced during the process of water chlorination. The DCA effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities and glutathione (GSH) level were assessed and correlated with each other and also with cellular viabilities in J774A.1 macrophage cells. A concentration of 24 mm of DCA resulted in time‐dependent decreases in cellular viability and glutathione level, and time‐dependent increases in SOD activity when incubated with the cells for 24–48 h. DCA also resulted in significant increases in CAT and GSH‐Px activities of the viable cells when incubated with the cells for 36 and 48 h. The changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH levels were found to be strongly correlated with each other, and with cellular viabilities at different time points. While GSH did not result in any significant effects when added to the cells at concentrations ranging between 15 and 60 nmol ml−1, it resulted in concentration‐dependent increases in cellular viability when added to the DCA‐treated cells, with maximal effects achieved at 45–60 nmol GSH ml−1. However, cellular viability of the GSH + DCA treated cells remained below that of the control. Since viable cells from the DCA‐treated cultures displayed significantly higher antioxidant enzyme activities compared with the control, it is concluded that those increases may have contributed to the cellular protection against DCA‐induced cell death. Also, glutathione depletion has a major contribution to the observed cellular death induced by DCA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of an aliphatic spacer group on the adsorption mechanism of phosphonodipeptides containing N‐terminal glycine on the colloidal silver surface
Authors: Podstawka Edyta , Kafarski Paweł , Proniewicz Leonard M.
Published: May 2008

This study presents the complete solid‐state vibrational assignments for a series of five zwitterionic phosphonodipeptides containing an N‐terminal glycine: L‐Gly‐L‐CH(Me)‐PO3H2 (G1), L‐Gly‐C(Me,Me)‐PO3H2 (G2), L‐Gly‐L‐CH(Et)‐PO3H2 (G3), L‐Gly‐C(Me,Et)‐PO3H2 (G4), and L‐Gly‐L‐CH(iBu)‐PO3H2 (G5). The assignments are based primarily on Fourier‐transform Raman spectra (FT‐RS) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR) spectra, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP; 6‐31 + + G** level of theory. Existing literature data are also taken into consideration. The surface geometry of these molecules on a colloidal silver surface was also determined by observing the wavenumber, width, and relative intensity changes of enhanced bands in their surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectra. It is proposed that G1 mainly adsorbs onto the colloidal silver particles through the phosphonate terminus, whereas the PO bond in G3 and G5 assists in the interaction of these molecules with the silver surface. G3 interacts with Ag mainly via α‐methlyalanine and the amide bond. It is also shown that the amide bond and glycine backbone are involved in the adsorption of G3 on the silver nanoparticles. In addition, the differences recorded for G4 and G5 SERS spectra are mainly due to interactions between the silver surface and the amine group and N‐ and P‐terminus, respectively, and are manifestations of the characteristic vibrations of these groups. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth and nutrient uptake of tea under different aluminium concentrations
Authors: Fung Ka Fai , Carr Hilda Premi , Zhang Jianhua , Wong Ming Hung
Published: May 2008

BACKGROUND: The uptake of essential nutrients such as P, Fe, K, Ca and Mg is depressed by Al in most plants. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations at which Al could be toxic to C. sinensis. The suppression of nutrient uptake was investigated by comparing growth and nutrient uptake at different Al doses. The quantification of Al in apoplasm, symplasm and cell wall of C. sinensis was also studied.

RESULTS: In the absence of Al, the growth of C. sinensis was retarded. Test doses over 1 mM Al were toxic to C. sinensis. At concentrations of 0.25 or 0.5 mM, distinct rhizostimulation was noted, and within a short period (2 weeks), the biomass of these seedlings increased by 44 and 35%, respectively, compared to 0 and 14% in control and 1 mM Al, respectively. In general, at beneficial doses (0.25, 0.5), Al stimulated the uptake of Ca, Mg, K and Mn, whereas the uptake of Fe, Cu and Zn was retarded. Fine roots of the seedlings had the highest levels of Al, compared to leaves, branches and main roots. In the root tips, most of the Al was present in the soluble fractions of the apoplasm and symplasm, and very low levels of Al was bound to the cell walls, which was in good agreement with the observed mobility of Al in C. sinensis.

CONCLUSION: The results of the present study support the view that Al plays a nutritive role for C. sinensis. The rhizostimulatory effects of Al on C. sinensis have been explained as a consequence of enhanced nutrient uptake. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy
Authors: Lee N.Y. , Terezakis S.A.
Published: May 2008

Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has found widespread use in the treatment of head and neck cancers. This technology allows for conformal dose distributions around a tumor target while a rapid dose fall‐off spares surrounding critical structures. The properties of IMRT are particularly suited for treating head and neck cancers due to the close proximity of dose‐limiting normal tissues allowing for potential dose escalation. Further studies are ongoing to investigate long‐term clinical outcomes and toxicity. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:691–696. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sentinel node biopsy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Civantos Francisco , Zitsch Robert , Bared Anthony , Amin Ayman
Published: May 2008

The clinical utility of sentinel node biopsy for melanoma has led multiple investigators to apply this approach to other cutaneous malignancies as well as to early cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. Data are most extensive for oral cancer. A multi‐institutional pathologic validation trial for selected oral cancers provided negative predictive values of 96%. Subsequent trials should document clinical follow‐up. This technique may ultimately play a wider role in the management of mucosal cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:683–690. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic skull base surgery: Principles of endonasal oncological surgery
Authors: Snyderman Carl H. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Kassam Amin B. , Zanation Adam , Prevedello Daniel , Gardner Paul , Mintz Arlan
Published: May 2008

Endoscopic endonasal surgery can be applied to the management of benign and malignant sinonasal neoplasms with good results. For tumors that involve the skull base, an endoscopic “craniofacial resection” can be performed with en bloc excision of the involved dura. Preliminary experience with completely endoscopic excision of olfactory neuroblastomas indicates good local control and few complications. Advantages of endoscopic endonasal surgery include improved visualization and decreased morbidity compared to traditional approaches. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:658–664. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New directions in head and neck imaging
Authors: Shah Gaurang V. , Wesolowski Jeffery R. , Ansari Sameer A. , Mukherji Suresh K.
Published: May 2008

Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and the hybrid modality of PET/CT are sensitive and reliable tools for detection and staging of head and neck cancers. This article describes the role of PET/CT in initial staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the utility of CT/MR perfusion imaging in qualitative analysis of tumor tissue, and the usefulness of diffusion weighted MR and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging in head and neck oncological imaging. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:644–648. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible skeletal changes after treatment with bevacizumab in a child with cutaneovisceral angiomatosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Smith Angela R. , Hennessy Jane M. , Kurth Margaret A. Heisel , Nelson Stephen C.
Published: May 2008

Cutaneovisceral angiomatosis with thrombocytopenia (CAT) syndrome is a rare vascular disorder of the skin and gastrointestinal tract for which there is no standard treatment. We present a case in which a child with CAT syndrome was treated with bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, and subsequently developed asymptomatic metaphyseal bone lesions. Though not previously described as a side effect, we hypothesize that the use of bevacizumab in a child with active epiphyseal growth plates caused these radiographic lesions. Because of the potential for altered bone growth and metabolism, children receiving VEGF inhibitors should be monitored closely for bony toxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:418–420. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma demonstrates a high proliferation index, frequent c‐Myc protein expression, and a high incidence of germinal center subtype: Report of the French–American–British (FAB) international study group
Authors: Miles Rodney R. , Raphael Martine , McCarthy Keith , Wotherspoon Andrew , Lones Mark A. , Terrier‐Lacombe Marie J. , Patte Catherine , Gerrard Mary , Auperin Anne , Sposto Richard , Davenport Virginia , Cairo Mitchell S. , Perkins Sherrie L.
Published: May 2008

Background

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) makes up 10–20% of pediatric non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and these patients have a significantly better prognosis than adults with DLBCL. The difference in prognosis may be related to clinical, phenotypic, and/or biological differences between adult and pediatric DLBCL. In adult DLBCL, the germinal center (GC) phenotype is associated with a better prognosis than the activated B‐cell (ABC) phenotype. However, a high proliferative index and expression of Bcl2 and c‐Myc protein have all been associated with worse outcomes. While multiple studies have addressed the phenotype and expression patterns of adult DLBCL, relatively little is known about these biological variables in pediatric DLBCL. The goal of this study was to investigate the proliferative index, the relative frequencies of the GC and non‐GC subtypes, and the expression of Bcl2 and c‐Myc protein in a cohort of children with DLBCL treated in a uniform manner.

Procedure

We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MIB1, CD10, Bcl6, MUM1, Bcl2, and c‐Myc on DLBCL tissue from children treated uniformly in the FAB LMB96 trial (SFOP LMB96/CCG5961/UKCCSG/NHL 9600).

Results

Compared to published adult DLBCL studies, pediatric DLBCL demonstrated moderate to high proliferation rates (83%), increased c‐Myc protein expression (84%), decreased Bcl2 protein expression (28%), and an increased frequency of the GC phenotype (75%).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that there are significant biologic differences between pediatric and adult forms of DLBCL, which may contribute to the superior prognosis seen in the pediatric population relative to adult disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:369–374. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Captopril‐induced lichen planus pemphigoides
Authors: Ben Salem Chaker , Chenguel Lilia , Ghariani Najet , Denguezli Mohamed , Hmouda Houssem , Bouraoui Kamel
Published: May 2008

Purpose

To report a rare case of lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) possibly induced by captopril.

Case summary

A 74‐year‐old woman developed pruriginous and bullous lichenoid eruption after starting captopril for hypertension. Histopathological and immunological features were consistent with the diagnosis of LPP that was managed by discontinuing captopril and corticosteroid therapy. Eight months after the cessation of oral steroid therapy, no relapse had occurred.

Discussion

LPP, a rare skin disorder, has been generally considered to represent a mixture of clinical, histopathological and immunological patterns of lichen planus and bullous pemphigoid. It is predominantly idiopathic. However, in rare cases it has been associated with the administration of drugs. Here we present a typical LPP related to the use of captopril.

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware of the ability of captopril to induce LPP. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the structures of polymerizable monomers on the electro‐optical properties of UV cured polymer dispersed liquid crystal films
Authors: Li Wenbo , Cao Yubo , Cao Hui , Kashima Miki , Kong Lingjie , Yang Huai
Published: May 2008

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films were prepared by photopolymerization of liquid crystal (LC)/polymerizable monomers/photoinitiator composites. The effects of the structures of the polymerizable monomers on the electro‐optical properties of PDLC films were investigated. It was found that the length of the molecular chain and the rigidity and flexibility of molecules influenced the structure of the polymer network in the PDLC films somewhat, and then affected the electro‐optical properties of the composites accordingly. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1369–1375, 2008