bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidental finding of Clostridium perfringens on human corpses used for the anatomy course
Authors: Kerner Alexander M. , Grisold Andrea J. , Smolle-Jüttner Freyja-Maria , Hammer Niels
Published: December 2022

Post-mortem specimens used for anatomy teaching are commonly embalmed using compositions of chemicals, with the objective to maintain tissue quality and to avoid putrefaction. Monitoring for bacterial or fungal contamination is becoming increasingly important especially when measures are taken to minimize exposure by chemicals such as formaldehyde. In this case, random swabs were taken from six corpses embalmed with ethanol-glycerin and Thiel embalming. Cultures and MALDI-TOF analyses yielded four cases of Clostridium perfringens contamination. C. perfringens is of special interest as a human pathogen. A potential source was identified in the containers filled with the moistening solution. Cross contamination with Clostridium species has likely occurred between corpses sharing the moistening solution and soaking the cover linen directly within the containers. To minimize any risk for those exposed, the moistening solutions were discarded and all equipment thoroughly disinfected. The specimens had to be cremated as they formed a potential source of Clostridium spores. Deviating from previous routines it was formalized that the cover linen must not be submerged in the moistening contains rather than moistening the specimens directly with dedicated vessels. Follow-up analyses yielded no further contamination with C. perfringens.
Biochar-supported nano-scale zerovalent iron activated persulfate for remediation of aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil: an in-situ pilot-scale study
Authors: Zeng Yu , Li Tai , Ding Yingzhi , Fang Guodong , Wang Xiaolei , Ye Bo , Ge Liqiang , Gao Juan , Wang Yujun , Zhou Dongmei
Published: December 2022

Biochar supported nano-scale zerovalent iron (nZVI/BC) for persulfate (PS) activation has been studied extensively for the degradation of pollutants on the lab scale, but it was rarely applied in practical soil remediation in the field. In this research, we developed a facile ball-milling method for the mass production of nZVI/BC, which was successfully applied to activate persulfate for the remediation of organic polluted soil on an in-situ pilot scale. In-situ high-pressure injection device was developed to inject nZVI/BC suspension and PS solution into the soil with a depth of 0–70 cm. The removal efficiency of target pollutants such as 2-ethylnitrobenzene (ENB, 1.47–1.56 mg/kg), biphenyl (BP, 0.19–0.21  mg/kg), 4-(methylsulfonyl) toluene (MST, 0.32–0.43 mg/kg), and 4-phenylphenol (PP, 1.70–2.46  mg/kg)  at different soil depths was 99.7%, 99.1%, 99.9% and 99.7%, respectively, after  360 days of remediation. The application of nZVI/BC significantly increased the degradation rates of contaminants by 11–322%, ascribed to its relatively higher efficiency of free radical generation than that of control groups. In addition, it was found that nZVI/BC-PS inhibited soil urease and sucrase enzyme activities by 1–61% within 55 days due to the oxidative stress for microbes induced by free radicals, while these inhibition effects disappeared with remediation time prolonged (> 127 days). Our research provides a useful implementation case of remediation with nZVI/BC-PS activation and verifies its feasibility in practical contaminated soil remediation.

Graphical Abstract
A CRITERION FOR HYPERSYMMETRY ON DISCRETE GROUPOIDS
Authors: FLORES F.
Published: December 2022

Given a Fell bundle
$\mathscr C\overset {q}{\to }\Xi $
over the discrete groupoid
$\Xi $
, we study the symmetry of the associated Hahn algebra
$\ell ^{\infty ,1}(\Xi \!\mid \!\mathscr C)$
in terms of the isotropy subgroups of
$\Xi $
. We prove that
$\Xi $
is symmetric (respectively hypersymmetric) if and only if all of the isotropy subgroups are symmetric (respectively hypersymmetric). We also characterise hypersymmetry using Fell bundles with constant fibres, showing that for discrete groupoids, ‘hypersymmetry’ equals ‘rigid symmetry’.
Democratic Illusions: The Protestant Campaign for Conscientious Objection in the Early Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Bloch Brandon
Published: December 2022

During the early-Cold-War controversy over West German rearmament, the Protestant Church emerged as a center of activism for the right of conscientious objection to military service, departing from decades of precedent. This article uses the dramatic about-face of the Protestant Church to throw new light on how West Germans reimagined democratic politics after Nazism. Building on recent challenges to paradigms of postwar liberalization, it argues that illusory narratives of the Nazi past played a key role in West Germany's transition to democracy. Protestant activists for the right of conscientious objection drew on an imagined legacy of anti-Nazi resistance to reframe the idea of “conscience,” long associated with patriotic loyalties, as a uniquely Protestant contribution to democratic culture. In doing so, they came to identify their church as a pillar of West German democracy, even as they ensconced tendentious accounts of the Nazi past in postwar law and politics.
On a planar Schrödinger–Poisson system involving a non-symmetric potential
Authors: Molle Riccardo , Sardilli Andrea
Published: December 2022

We prove the existence of a ground state positive solution of Schrödinger–Poisson systems in the plane of the form
\[ -\Delta u + V(x)u + \frac{\gamma}{2\pi} \left(\log|\cdot| \ast u^2 \right)u = b |u|^{p-2}u \quad\text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^2, \]where $p\ge 4$, $\gamma,b>0$ and the potential $V$ is assumed to be positive and unbounded at infinity. On the potential we do not require any symmetry or periodicity assumption, and it is not supposed it has a limit at infinity. We approach the problem by variational methods, using a variant of the mountain pass theorem and the Cerami compactness condition.
Pseudo-holomorphic dynamics in the restricted three-body problem
Authors: MORENO AGUSTIN
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we identify the five dimensional analogue of the finite energy foliations introduced by Hofer–Wysocki–Zehnder for the study of three dimensional Reeb flows, and show that these exist for the spatial circular restricted three-body problem (SCR3BP) whenever the planar dynamics is convex. We introduce the notion of a fiberwise-recurrent point, which may be thought of as a symplectic version of the leafwise intersections introduced by Moser, and show that they exist in abundance for a perturbative regime in the SCR3BP. We then use this foliation to induce a Reeb flow on the standard 3-sphere, via the use of pseudo-holomorphic curves, to be understood as the best approximation of the given dynamics that preserves the foliation. We discuss examples, further geometric structures, and speculate on possible applications.
Characteristics of Deep Convective Clouds, Precipitation, and Cloud Properties of Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Liu Chian‐Yi , Punay Jason Pajimola , Wu Chun‐Chieh , Chung Kao‐Shen , Aryastana Putu
Published: December 2022

Toward the understanding of rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific, the TC's deep convective cloud (DCC), precipitation, and cloud properties in terms of cloud effective radius, optical thickness, and top height from satellite observations are investigated. Mean and radial distributions of the variables at different intensity stages and intensification categories are examined. The relationship indicates that the DCC percentage and temperature, especially their radial distributions, could be used to identify an impending RI regardless of TC intensity. Meanwhile, the mean and radial distribution of precipitation may discriminate RI from non‐RI in tropical depression (TD) and tropical storm (TS). The radial distribution of the cloud properties in rapidly intensifying TD and TS also suggest that most of the clouds near the center of the storm has deepened already while those that are far from the center are generally in developing or dissipating stage. Moreover, rapidly intensifying TCs, regardless of their intensities, manifest common DCC, precipitation, and cloud properties characteristics near the TC center. It is to be noted that the different mean and radial distribution characteristics of the variables between initial and continuing stages of RI are inferred to be artifacts of their intensities and RI rates (or radius of maximum wind sizes) rather than whether the TCs are at the onset or 24 hr of RI.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Pediatric Adherence and Self-Management: Topical Reviews and Clinical Applications of Evidence-Based Assessment and Intervention
Authors: Plevinsky Jill M. , Carmody Julia K. , Young Melissa A.
Published: December 2022

Objective: Approximately 1 in 5 children in the United States live with a chronic illness that affects their daily functioning. Due to the high prevalence of chronic conditions requiring children and their caregivers to take on treatment and disease management responsibilities, it is crucial to (a) examine the empirical support for and (b) consider the clinical application of evidence-based assessment and intervention designed to target pediatric adherence and self-management. Thus, the purpose of this special issue is to highlight applications of evidence-based adherence and self-management assessment and intervention across various chronic conditions. Methods: Articles including a topical review and a clinical application of an evidence-based adherence and self-management assessment and/or intervention were considered for this issue. Results: This special issue includes 8 articles highlighting topical reviews and clinical applications of adherence and self-management assessment and/or intervention for diverse pediatric populations. Additionally, this issue explores ethical considerations, clinically-integrated brief interventions, as well as the use of technology and digital tools to promote adherence and self-management. Conclusions: This special issue highlights the clinical application of evidence-based assessment and intervention within the field of pediatric adherence and self-management.

Implications for Impact Statement

The aim of this Special Issue is to contribute to the existing literature base, specifically the clinical application of evidence-based adherence and self-management assessment and intervention, for youth diagnosed with chronic medical conditions.
Effect of M2-like macrophages of the injured-kidney cortex on kidney cancer progression
Authors: Ishii Taisuke , Mimura Imari , Nagaoka Koji , Naito Akihiro , Sugasawa Takehito , Kuroda Ryohei , Yamada Daisuke , Kanki Yasuharu , Kume Haruki , Ushiku Tetsuo , Kakimi Kazuhiro , Tanaka Tetsuhiro , Nangaku Masaomi
Published: December 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects kidney cancer patients’ mortality. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. M2-like macrophages have pro-tumor functions, also exist in injured kidney, and promote kidney fibrosis. Thus, it is suspected that M2-like macrophages in injured kidney induce the pro-tumor microenvironment leading to kidney cancer progression. We found that M2-like macrophages present in the injured kidney promoted kidney cancer progression and induced resistance to anti-PD1 antibody through its pro-tumor function and inhibition of CD8+ T cell infiltration. RNA-seq revealed Slc7a11 was upregulated in M2-like macrophages. Inhibition of Slc7a11 with sulfasalazine inhibited the pro-tumor function of M2-like macrophages and synergized with anti-PD1 antibody. Moreover, SLC7A11-positive macrophages were associated with poor prognosis among kidney cancer patients. Collectively, this study dissects the characteristic microenvironment in the injured kidney that contributed to kidney cancer progression and anti-PD1 antibody resistance. This insight offers promising combination therapy with anti-PD1 antibody and macrophage targeted therapy.
Enhancer–promoter interactions and transcription are largely maintained upon acute loss of CTCF, cohesin, WAPL or YY1
Authors: Hsieh Tsung-Han S. , Cattoglio Claudia , Slobodyanyuk Elena , Hansen Anders S. , Darzacq Xavier , Tjian Robert
Published: December 2022

It remains unclear why acute depletion of CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) and cohesin only marginally affects expression of most genes despite substantially perturbing three-dimensional (3D) genome folding at the level of domains and structural loops. To address this conundrum, we used high-resolution Micro-C and nascent transcript profiling in mouse embryonic stem cells. We find that enhancer–promoter (E–P) interactions are largely insensitive to acute (3-h) depletion of CTCF, cohesin or WAPL. YY1 has been proposed as a structural regulator of E–P loops, but acute YY1 depletion also had minimal effects on E–P loops, transcription and 3D genome folding. Strikingly, live-cell, single-molecule imaging revealed that cohesin depletion reduced transcription factor (TF) binding to chromatin. Thus, although CTCF, cohesin, WAPL or YY1 is not required for the short-term maintenance of most E–P interactions and gene expression, our results suggest that cohesin may facilitate TFs to search for and bind their targets more efficiently.
Whole-body CD8+ T cell visualization before and during cancer immunotherapy: a phase 1/2 trial
Authors: Kist de Ruijter Laura , van de Donk Pim P. , Hooiveld-Noeken Jahlisa S. , Giesen Danique , Elias Sjoerd G. , Lub-de Hooge Marjolijn N. , Oosting Sjoukje F. , Jalving Mathilde , Timens Wim , Brouwers Adrienne H. , Kwee Thomas C. , Gietema Jourik A. , Fehrmann Rudolf S. N. , Fine Bernard M. , Sanabria Bohórquez Sandra M. , Yadav Mahesh , Koeppen Hartmut , Jing Jing , Guelman Sebastian , Lin Mark T. , Mamounas Michael J. , Eastham Jeffrey Ryan , Kimes Patrick K. , Williams Simon P. , Ungewickell Alexander , de Groot Derk J. A. , de Vries Elisabeth G. E.
Published: December 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), by reinvigorating CD8+ T cell mediated immunity, have revolutionized cancer therapy. Yet, the systemic CD8+ T cell distribution, a potential biomarker of ICI response, remains poorly characterized. We assessed safety, imaging dose and timing, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of zirconium-89-labeled, CD8-specific, one-armed antibody positron emission tomography tracer 89ZED88082A in patients with solid tumors before and ~30 days after starting ICI therapy (NCT04029181). No tracer-related side effects occurred. Positron emission tomography imaging with 10 mg antibody revealed 89ZED88082A uptake in normal lymphoid tissues, and tumor lesions across the body varying within and between patients two days after tracer injection (n = 38, median patient maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) 5.2, IQI 4.0–7.4). Higher SUVmax was associated with mismatch repair deficiency and longer overall survival. Uptake was higher in lesions with stromal/inflamed than desert immunophenotype. Tissue radioactivity was localized to areas with immunohistochemically confirmed CD8 expression. Re-imaging patients on treatment showed no change in average (geometric mean) tumor tracer uptake compared to baseline, but individual lesions showed diverse changes independent of tumor response. The imaging data suggest enormous heterogeneity in CD8+ T cell distribution and pharmacodynamics within and between patients. In conclusion, 89ZED88082A can characterize the complex dynamics of CD8+ T cells in the context of ICIs, and may inform immunotherapeutic treatments.
Blood flow but not cannula positioning influences the efficacy of Veno-Venous ECMO therapy
Authors: Leoni Massimiliano , Szasz Johannes , Meier Jens , Gerardo-Giorda Luca
Published: December 2022

Despite being vital in treating intensive-care patients with lung failure, especially COVID-19 patients, Veno-Venous Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation does not exploit its full potential, leaving ample room for improvement. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of cannula positioning and blood flow on the efficacy of Veno-Venous Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation, in particular in relationship with blood recirculation. We performed 98 computer simulations of blood flow and oxygen diffusion in a computerized-tomography-segmented right atrium and venae cavae for different positions of the returning and draining cannulae and ECMO flows of 3 L/min and $$5\,\hbox {L}/\hbox {min}$$

5

L
/
min

. For each configuration we measured how effective Veno-Venous Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation is at delivering oxygen to the right ventricle and thus to the systemic circulation. The main finding is that VV-ECMO efficacy is largely affected by the ECMO flow (global peak blood saturation: $${92.8}\,\%$$

92.8

%

; average inter-group saturation gain: 9 percentage points) but only scarcely by the positioning of the cannulae (mean saturation ± standard deviation for the 3 L/min case: $$83.12 \pm 0.49$$

83.12
±
0.49

; for the $$5\,\hbox {L}/\hbox {min}$$

5

L
/
min

case: $$92.21 \pm 0.37$$

92.21
±
0.37

). An important secondary outcome is that recirculation, more intense with a higher ECMO flow, is less detrimental to the procedure than previously thought. The efficacy of current ECMO procedures is intrinsically limited and fine-tuning the positions of the cannulae, risking infections, offers very little gain. Setting a higher ECMO flow offers the biggest benefit despite mildly increasing blood recirculation.
Affordable, portable and self-administrable electrical impedance tomography enables global and regional lung function assessment
Authors: Zouari Fedi , Oon Wei Yi , Modak Dipyaman , Lee Wing Hang , Kwok Wang Chun , Cao Peng , Lee Wei-Ning , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Wong Eddie C. , Chan Russell W.
Published: December 2022

Accessibility of diagnostic screening and treatment monitoring devices for respiratory diseases is critical in promoting healthcare and reducing sudden complications and mortality. Spirometry is the standard for diagnosing and monitoring several lung diseases. However, it lacks regional assessment capabilities necessary for detecting subtle regional changes in certain diseases. It also requires challenging breathing maneuvers difficult for elderlies, children, and diseased patients. Here, we actualized an affordable, portable, and self-administrable electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system for home-based lung function assessment and telemedicine. Through simultaneous EIT-spirometry trials on healthy subjects, we demonstrated that our device can predict spirometry indicators over a wide range and can provide regional mapping of these indicators. We further developed a close-to-effortless breathing paradigm and tested it by longitudinally monitoring a COVID-19 discharged subject and two healthy controls with results suggesting the paradigm can detect initial deterioration followed by recovery. Overall, the EIT system can be widely applicable for lung function screening and monitoring both at homes and clinics.
Comparison of different plaque indices with regard to sensitivity and specificity for the quantification of plaque during orthodontic therapy
Authors: Erbe Christina , Temming Teresa , Ohlendorf Daniela , Schmidtmann Irene , Mundethu Ambili , Ferrari-Peron Priscila , Wehrbein Heinrich
Published: December 2022

To compare four plaque indices used in orthodontics. An objective, quantitative plaque index and three subjective conventional plaque indices were analyzed. The study included n = 50 photographs of n = 50 subjects with a multibracket appliance (MB) in the maxilla and mandible. Photographs were taken using Digital Plaque Imaging Analysis (DPIA) and the Percentage Plaque Index (PPI) was calculated. The conventional plaque indices, a modified version of the Turesky-modification of the Quigley & Hein Index (TQH index), Attin index, and modified bonded bracket index (mBB index) were collected from n = 14 evaluators using the DPIA photographs. The evaluators had different levels of orthodontic experience: n = 4 evaluators had little orthodontic experience, n = 5 evaluators had moderate orthodontic experience, and n = 5 evaluators had a lot of orthodontic experience. Plaque accumulation was assessed differently with the plaque indices. Thus, the plaque indices are not interchangeable. We recommend DPIA as an objective, quantitative and sensitive method for plaque determination in scientific studies. The simple statistical evaluation offers a great advantage over conventional plaque indices.
Personality traits affect anticipatory stress vulnerability and coping effectiveness in occupational critical care situations
Authors: Schlatter Sophie , Louisy Simon , Canada Brice , Thérond Corentin , Duclos Antoine , Blakeley Chris , Lehot Jean-Jacques , Rimmelé Thomas , Guillot Aymeric , Lilot Marc , Debarnot Ursula
Published: December 2022

The present study aimed at investigating the influence of personality on both anticipatory stress vulnerability and the effectiveness of coping strategies in an occupational stressful context. Following assessment of individual personality traits (Big Five Inventory), 147 volunteers were exposed to the anticipation of a stressful event. Anxiety and cardiac reactivity were assessed as markers of vulnerability to anticipatory stress. Participants were then randomly assigned to three groups and subjected to a 5-min intervention: relaxation breathing, relaxation breathing combined with cardiac biofeedback, and control. The effectiveness of coping interventions was determined through the cardiac coherence score achieved during the intervention. Higher neuroticism was associated with higher anticipatory stress vulnerability, whereas higher conscientiousness and extraversion were related to lower anticipatory stress vulnerability. Relaxation breathing and biofeedback coping interventions contributed to improve the cardiac coherence in all participants, albeit with greater effectiveness in individuals presenting higher score of openness to experience. The present findings demonstrated that personality traits are related to both anticipatory stress vulnerability and effectiveness of coping interventions. These results bring new insights into practical guidelines for stress prevention by considering personality traits. Specific practical applications for health professionals, who are likely to manage stressful situations daily, are discussed.
Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM
Authors: Sibanda Nathael , Xu Hongjun , Pillay Narushan
Published: December 2022

Motivated to enhance the error performance (EP) of generalised complex quadrature spatial modulation (GCQSM) systems, this study proposes a scheme that builds on GCQSM and uses hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (H-QAM) constellations which have the advantages of a maximised Euclidean distance with relatively low peak-to-average power ratio, compared to conventional QAM (C-QAM) systems. This in turn, leads to an enhancement of the EP of GCQSM schemes. The proposed scheme utilises a rotated hexagonal 8QAM (H-8QAM) set. Thus, the proposed scheme is herein named; Generalised QSM using H-8QAM (GQSM-H-8QAM). In this study, the EP of the proposed GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is investigated over Rayleigh frequency flat-fading channels with additive white Gaussian noise. Additionally, a theoretical average bit error probability (ABEP) expression of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is formulated and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. Compared to simulation results, the ABEP proves to be increasingly tight at high signal-to-noise ratio values. Obtained simulation results also show an improvement in the EP of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme over various SM schemes like GCQSM, C-QSM and conventional-generalized spatial modulation (C-GSM), at the same spectral efficiency (SE). An improvement in the EP of 0.61 dB with SE of 8 bits/s/Hz is seen in $$4\times 4$$

4
×
4

GQSM-H-8QAM over $$4\times 4$$

4
×
4

GCQSM using C-8QAM, 2.58 dB over $$4\times 4$$

4
×
4

C-QSM-C-64QAM and a gain of 4.85 dB over $$4\times 4$$

4
×
4

C-GSM-C-64QAM.
Assessment of suitable habitat of mangrove species for prioritizing restoration in coastal ecosystem of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India
Authors: Sahana Mehebub , Areendran Gopala , Sajjad Haroon
Published: December 2022

Mangrove forests being the abode of diverse fauna and flora are vital for healthy coastal ecosystems. These forests act as a carbon sequester and protection shield against floods, storms, and cyclones. The mangroves of the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), being one of the most dynamic and productive ecosystems in the world are in constant degradation. Hence, habitat suitability assessment of mangrove species is of paramount significance for its restoration and ecological benefits. The study aims to assess and prioritize restoration targets for 18 true mangrove species using 10 machine-learning algorithm-based habitat suitability models in the SBR. We identified the degraded mangrove areas between 1975 and 2020 by using Landsat images and field verification. The reserve was divided into 5609 grids using 1 km gird size for understanding the nature of mangrove degradation and collection of species occurrence data. A total of 36 parameters covering physical, environmental, soil, water, bio-climatic and disturbance aspects were chosen for habitat suitability assessment. Niche overlay function and grid-based habitat suitability classes were used to identify the species-based restoration prioritize grids. Habitat suitability analysis revealed that nearly half of the grids are highly suitable for mangrove habitat in the Reserve. Restoration within highly suitable mangrove grids could be achieved in the areas covered with less than 75 percent mangroves and lesser anthropogenic disturbance. The study calls for devising effective management strategies for monitoring and conserving the degraded mangrove cover. Monitoring and effective management strategies can help in maintaining and conserving the degraded mangrove cover. The model proves to be useful for assessing site suitability for restoring mangroves. The other geographical regions interested in assessing habitat suitability and prioritizing the restoration of mangroves may find the methodology adopted in this study effective.
Triglyceride-glucose index is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive reflux disease: a health checkup cohort study
Authors: Kim Young Min , Kim Yuna , Kim Jie-Hyun , Park Jong Suk , Baik Su Jung , Chun Jaeyoung , Youn Young Hoon , Park Hyojin
Published: December 2022

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was proposed as a useful marker of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance, the main mechanism underlying metabolic syndrome, is related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aimed to elucidate the association between the TyG index and GERD/erosive reflux disease (ERD). We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent gastroduodenoscopy at a checkup center. The calculation of TyG index used following formula: ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). We divided the patients into four groups according to the TyG index quartile (Q). We evaluated the relationship between the alteration of the TyG index and GERD in patients who received health checkups two times. Among the 52,605 enrolled patients, 3073 (5.8%) and 434 (0.8%) were diagnosed with GERD and ERD, respectively. The odds ratios (ORs) for GERD in the TyG index progressively increased across quartiles (P < 0.001): Q2 (OR = 2.477), Q3 (OR = 3.013), and Q4 (OR = 4.027) compared with Q1, which was used as a reference, respectively. Those for ERD also progressively increased across quartiles (P < 0.001): Q2 (OR = 4.264), Q3 (OR = 4.841), and Q4 (OR = 7.390) compared with Q1, respectively. Moreover, the degree of TyG index increase during the first and second tests in the GERD group was more prominent than in the control group (P = 0.001). In conclusion, the higher TyG index was significantly associated with GERD. The TyG index may be a novel predictive biomarker of GERD and ERD.
A chemical probe for proteomic analysis and visualization of intracellular localization of lysine-succinylated proteins
Authors: Umezawa Keitaro , Tsumoto Hiroki , Kawakami Kyojiro , Miura Yuri
Published: December 2022

A new chemical approach for protein succinylome analysis has been established. The developed substrate for metabolic labeling allowed multiple analytical applications such as proteomic analysis and fluorescence imaging of succinylated proteins.
A room-temperature formaldehyde sensor based on hematite for breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Rui , Liu Chuanqun , Wang Pu , Li Yang , Su Yue , Dai Jianxun
Published: December 2022

A controllable facet-exposed hematite nanocrystal-based sensing platform exhibits a selective response/recovery formaldehyde behavior at room temperature.
Recalibrating the calcium trap in amino acid carboxyl groups via classical molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Koskamp Janou A. , Ruiz Hernandez Sergio E. , de Leeuw Nora H. , Wolthers Mariette
Published: December 2022

In order to use classical molecular dynamics to complement experiments accurately, it is important to use robust descriptions of the system.
How titanium and iron are integrated into hematite to enhance the photoelectrochemical water oxidation: a review
Authors: Lv Xiaoxin , Zhang Gaoteng , Wang Menglian , Li Guoqing , Deng Jiujun , Zhong Jun
Published: December 2022

In this work we summarize the recent progress in Ti-based modifications in hematite photoanodes for solar water oxidation, including Ti-doping, Fe2O3/Fe2TiO5 heterostructures, TiO2 passivation layers, and Ti-containing underlayers.
The weak interaction between polar aprotic solvent and saline water enables efficient production of furans from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Cai Tingting , Liu Chao , Liang Jie , Ma Yan , Hu Jun , Jiang Jianchun , Wang Kui
Published: December 2022

Unlocking the intermolecular weak interaction between bio-solvent γ-valerolactone and saline water, we propose a novel perspective on the production of furans from lignocellulosic biomass in an environmentally benign biphasic system.
Rhenium anchored Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheets for electrocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Suragtkhuu Selengesuren , Sunderiya Suvdanchimeg , Purevdorj Solongo , Bat-Erdene Munkhjargal , Sainbileg Batjargal , Hayashi Michitoshi , Bati Abdulaziz S. R. , Shapter Joseph G. , Davaasambuu Sarangerel , Batmunkh Munkhbayar
Published: December 2022

Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheets are used as an efficient solid support to host rhenium (Re) nanoparticles for electrocatalytic hydrogen production.
Comparative study on proton conductivity of a polypyridinyl multicarboxylate-based hydrogen-bonded organic framework and related chitosan composite membrane
Authors: Kang Lu-Lu , Zuo Shuai-Wu , Han Bing-Xue , Li Gang
Published: December 2022

The crystalline hydrogen-bonded organic framework 1 was doped into a chitosan film for the first time. At 100 °C and 98% RH, CS/HOF-4 exhibits a high proton conductivity of 2.61 × 10−2S cm−1.
Solid electrolyte membrane-containing rechargeable high-temperature molten salt electrolyte-based batteries
Authors: Wang Hao , Peng Cheng
Published: December 2022

Utilizing a rechargeable high-temperature molten salt electrolyte-based battery (HT-MSB) is a promising approach for large-scale electrochemical energy storage using low-cost and earth-abundant materials.
Gerinnungsmanagement nach Transkatheter-Aortenklappenimplantation (TAVI)
Authors: Eggebrecht Holger , Niethammer Margit , Breitbart Philipp , Liebetrau Christoph
Published: December 2022

In dieser Übersicht stellen wir die aktuelle Literatur zum Gerinnungsmanagement nach TAVI zusammen. Aus den publizierten Studien ergibt sich für die klinische Praxis, dass direkte orale
Antikoagulanzien den Vitamin-K-Antagonisten nicht unterlegen sind, wenn aus anderen Gründen (z. B. Vorhofflimmern) eine Antikoagulation nach TAVI erforderlich ist. Die zusätzliche Gabe eines
Thrombozytenaggregationshemmers bringt in dieser Konstellation keinen Vorteil. Bei Patienten, die keine Indikation für eine orale Antikoagulation haben, hat sich in vielen Zentren die duale
Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung mit ASS und Clopidogrel für 3–6 Monate als Standard etabliert. Die randomisierte POPular TAVI-Studie hat allerdings gezeigt, dass die alleinige ASS-Gabe nach
TAVI Blutungskomplikationen reduziert, bei gleicher Sicherheit in der Verhinderung thrombotischer Komplikationen.
Endoscopic fenestration combined with catheterization in the treatment of a giant colonic fecalith causing bowel obstruction: a case report
Authors: Yang Dong , Wang Xueshan , Tao Ke , Zhao Huihui , Meng Xiangwei
Published: December 2022

Obstruction of the colon caused by a fecalith is not a rare condition, but endoscopic attempts at removal of the fecalith are often unsuccessful because of the size of the fecalith and its extremely hard stone-like consistency. We report a case of bowel obstruction of over two weeks’ duration caused by a giant colonic fecalith. Conservative treatments including insertion of a gastric tube and enemas failed to resolve the obstruction. After an initial unsuccessful attempt at fecalith removal by colonoscopy using a snare, we successfully resolved the bowel obstruction over the course of subsequent colonoscopies with endoscopic fenestration of the fecalith and placement of a transrectal gastric tube for directed instillation of the enema fluid, and we were able to avoid surgical intervention in this case.
Milk-Based Bionutrient Trials to Improve Outcomes in Preterm Infants: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Embleton Nicholas D. , Berrington Janet E.
Published: December 2022

Objective Bionutrients (or immunonutrients) are dietary components present in milk, or supplements that could be added to milk diets, that impact health and disease. With few exceptions, most of these are present in human breastmilk and the majority are also present in amniotic fluid.

Study Design Bionutrients can be proteins and peptides including enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, and growth factors and can also be molecules such as human milk oligosaccharides, amino acids, or lipids such as docosahexaenoic acid. Many of these have ancient origins, are found in other species, and existed before mammalian lactation evolved. Bionutrients may act in diverse ways when administered enterally: they may impact gut bacterial communities or epithelial cell metabolism, or they may pass into the lamina propria where they interact with the gut and systemic immune systems. Clinical trials have often used bovine analogs such as lactoferrin or may use artificially synthesized or recombinant compounds including insulin, bile salt stimulated lipase, or oligosaccharides.

Results Challenges arise because the bioactivity of proteins, such as lactoferrin, may be affected by processing and pasteurization meaning that the impacts of commercial products may differ. The challenge of determining the optimal bioactivity of any single preparation may be even greater in complex compounds such as milk fat globule membrane. It is also possible that bioactivity is affected by the milk matrix, that is, may differ between formula and human milk.

Conclusion Finally, it is important to appreciate that nutrients do not function in isolation, and most will not act like drugs, that is, they may take several days or longer to exert an affect.

Key Points
Different Settings of Nonsynchronized Bilevel Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Respiratory Function in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cavigioli Francesco , Bresesti Ilia , Gatto Sara , Castoldi Francesca , Gavilanes Danilo , Gazzolo Diego , Agosti Massimo , Kramer Boris , Lista Gianluca
Published: December 2022

Objective With this study, we evaluated the short-term effects of different modes and settings of noninvasive respiratory support on gas exchange, breathing parameters, and thoracoabdominal synchrony in preterm infants in the acute phase of moderate respiratory distress syndrome.

Study Design A feasibility crossover trial was conducted in neonates < 32 weeks' gestation on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (n-CPAP) or bilevel n-CPAP. Infants were delivered the following settings in consecutive order for 10 minutes each: • n-CPAP (5 cm H2O) • bilevel n-CPAP 1 (Pres low = 5 cm H2O, Pres high = 7 cm H2O, T-high = 1 second, rate = 30/min) • n-CPAP (5 cm H2O) • bilevel n-CPAP 2 (Pres low = 5 cm H2O, Pres high = 7 cm H2O, T-high = 2 second, rate = 15/min) • n-CPAP (5 cm H2O). During each phase, physiologic parameters were recorded; the thoracoabdominal synchrony expressed by the phase angle (Φ) and other respiratory patterns were monitored by noncalibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography.

Results Fourteen preterm infants were analyzed. The mean CPAP level was significantly lower in the n-CPAP period compared with bilevel n-CPAP 1 and 2 (p = 0.03). Higher values were achieved with bilevel n-CPAP 2 (6.2 ± 0.6 vs. 5.7 ± 0.5 cm H2O, respectively; p < 0.05). No statistical difference in the Φ was detected, nor between the three settings.

Conclusion Our study did not show any superiority of bilevel n-CPAP over n-CPAP. However, nonsynchronized bilevel n-CPAP might be helpful when additional pressure is needed.

Key Points
Indexing graphically encoded microparticles links micro-level assays with macro post-processing
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: December 2022

Breakthrough system combines image recognition deep learning and laser-induced transferring tech to decode, retrieve, and deliver target particles
Microfluidic grid creates concentration gradient to test cancer drugs
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: December 2022

Unconventional fabrication method results in customizable, scalable, and cost-effective microfluidic concentration gradient generator.
Exploring predictive states via Cantor embeddings and Wasserstein distance
Authors: Loomis Samuel P. , Crutchfield James P.
Published: December 2022

Predictive states for stochastic processes are a nonparametric and interpretable construct with relevance across a multitude of modeling paradigms. Recent progress on the self-supervised reconstruction of predictive states from time-series data focused on the use of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Here, we examine how Wasserstein distances may be used to detect predictive equivalences in symbolic data. We compute Wasserstein distances between distributions over sequences (“predictions”) using a finite-dimensional embedding of sequences based on the Cantor set for the underlying geometry. We show that exploratory data analysis using the resulting geometry via hierarchical clustering and dimension reduction provides insight into the temporal structure of processes ranging from the relatively simple (e.g., generated by finite-state hidden Markov models) to the very complex (e.g., generated by infinite-state indexed grammars).
On-chip light trapping in bilayer moiré photonic crystal slabs
Authors: Tang Haoning , Ni Xueqi , Du Fan , Srikrishna Vishantak , Mazur Eric
Published: December 2022

The optical response of bilayer moiré photonic structures can be precisely controlled by varying the lattice geometry. Bilayer moiré photonic crystal slabs exhibit flat bands in the optical band structure, where the optical modes have zero group velocity. They also give rise to momentum-independent light-trapping of Bloch waves in both transverse and vertical directions, leading to high quality-factors (Q=109) and small mode volumes (V=0.12 λ2). The large Q and small V lead to a large Purcell enhancement (FP=1035), providing opportunities for low-threshold lasing, enhancement of optical nonlinearities, and quantum information processing.
Synergistic effect of covalent functionalization and intrinsic electric field on β-Ga2O3/graphene heterostructures
Authors: Yuan Haidong , Su Jie , Zhang Jie , Lin Zhenhua , Zhang Jincheng , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue
Published: December 2022

β-Ga2O3/graphene heterostructure engineering has been regarded as an effective method to improve the optoelectronic performance of the β-Ga2O3 device. Here, hydrogenation/fluorination covalent functionalized graphene (HC/FC) was employed, and the synergistic effect of covalent functionalization and intrinsic electric field (Ein) was introduced to further improve and understand the interfacial properties of the heterostructure. Under the covalent functionalization, type-II band alignment with UV-infrared dual-band absorption was found for β-Ga2O3/HC heterostructure, while reserved type-II band alignment with hole doping was realized for p-type β-Ga2O3/FC heterostructure. Upon introducing the synergistic effect of covalent functionalization and Ein for β-Ga2O3/hydro-fluorinated graphene (HCF) heterostructure, except for the above similar characters, both the band offsets and optical absorption are further enhanced in β-Ga2O3/HCF heterostructures. When the direction of intrinsic Ein points to the contact interface, the Fermi level of β-Ga2O3/F-HCF was much closer to the valence band of β-Ga2O3. It was thought that the synergistic effect of covalent functionalization and Ein was more beneficial to promote the application of p-type β-Ga2O3. These findings were deeply revealed by the band levels, electrostatic potential, and charge transfer introduced. Our results were expected to provide useful insight into the synergistic effect of covalent functionalization and intrinsic Ein as well as to enhance the application potential of β-Ga2O3/graphene-based optoelectronic devices.
Si plate radius influence on the photoacoustic signal processed by neural networks
Authors: Djordjevic Кatarina Lj. , Markushev Dragana K. , Galović Slobodanka P. , Markushev Dragan D. , Ordonez-Miranda Jose
Published: December 2022

The effect of the sample radius on the total photoacoustic signal processed by neural networks trained with undistorted and distorted signals is carefully analyzed for modulation frequencies from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. This is done for signals generated for a 400-μm-thick Si n-type plate, whose radius varies from 2 to 7 mm. It is found that the networks trained with both undistorted or distorted signals yield the best predictions for sample radii between 2 and 3 mm, which is close to the used microphone aperture radius of 1.5 mm. The network trained only with undistorted signals gives the best results for sample radii comparable to the microphone dimensions. The obtained results of neural networks in the prediction of Si-plate radius indicate the experimental necessity to use samples with radii slightly over to a microphone aperture.
Coalescence-induced propulsion of droplets on a superhydrophilic wire
Authors: Jiang Youhua , Feng Leyun , O'Donnell Allison , Machado Christian , Choi Wonjae , Patankar Neelesh A. , Park Kyoo-Chul
Published: December 2022

Droplet transport on a cylindrical wire has applications in numerous fields such as fog collection, mist elimination, filtration, and oil/water separation. This work reports a droplet transport phenomenon on a superhydrophilic wire that shows a transient velocity powered not by the gradient of substrate geometry or wettability but primarily by the surface-to-kinetic energy transition that occurs along the axial direction upon coalescence. The transition efficiency is mainly limited by the viscous friction at the local liquid wedge, a relationship that a modified Ohnesorge number can capture.
Localized strain relaxation effect on gamma irradiated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Al-Mamun Nahid Sultan , Stepanoff Sergei , Haque Aman , Wolfe Douglas E. , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen
Published: December 2022

Strain localization in microelectronic devices commonly arises from device geometry, materials, and fabrication processing. In this study, we controllably relieve the local strain field of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by milling micro-trenches underneath the channel and compare the device performance as a function of the relieved strain as well as radiation dosage. Micro-Raman results suggest that the trenches locally relax the strain in device layers, decreasing the 2DEG density and mobility. Intriguingly, such strain relaxation is shown to minimize the radiation damage, measured after 10 Mrads of 60Co-gamma exposure. For example, a 6-trench device showed only ∼8% and ∼6% decrease in saturation drain current and maximum transconductance, respectively, compared to corresponding values of ∼15% and ∼30% in a no-trench device. Negative and positive threshold voltage shifts are observed in 6-trench and no-trench devices, respectively, after gamma radiation. We hypothesize that the extent of gamma radiation damage depends on the strain level in the devices. Thus, even though milling a trench decreases 2DEG mobility, such decrease under gamma radiation is far less in a 6-trench device (∼1.5%) compared to a no-trench device (∼20%) with higher built-in strain.
Vortexlet formation in Schardin's problem
Authors: Kofoglu Ladin N. , Spinelli Gregorio G. , Celik Bayram
Published: December 2022

The present study focuses on the shock diffraction problem over a triangle wedge for Mach numbers of M=1.3, 1.5, 1.7, and 2.0 by using a two-dimensional, high-order, in-house Euler solver. The solver is based on a family of advection upstream splitting method in combination with a central essentially non-oscillatory scheme and benefits a block-based adaptive mesh refinement algorithm to resolve the regions that contain discontinuities. High accuracies in time and space, and adaptive mesh refinement capabilities of the solver allow us to investigate vortexlet formation mechanism in detail. Our results reveal that there are two different types of vortexlet formation mechanisms. While the first type of formation is observed at all Mach numbers considered here, the second type arises when the Mach number is greater than 1.3. This difference results from their driving mechanisms, which are the upward moving accelerated shock and embedded shock in the primary vortex. In addition to their driving mechanisms, two types are also different in terms of their locations.
Effect of anisotropy and inhomogeneity on the stability of liquid film flowing down a porous inclined plane
Authors: Doomra Shivam , Sharma Gaurav , Bera Premananda
Published: December 2022

We examined the linear stability of a Newtonian liquid film flow past a porous inclined plane. Falling film on inclined permeable planes displays three instability modes: surface, shear, and porous mode. Most of the previous studies have examined the film flow past an isotropic and homogeneous porous medium. We could find only one study that examined the film flow past an anisotropic and inhomogeneous porous inclined plane; however, it focused on parameter regimes where the porous mode remains stable. Here, we explored the parameter regimes where all three modes become unstable and investigated the effect of the anisotropic and inhomogeneous variations in the permeability of the porous medium. The generalized Darcy model is used to describe the flow through the porous medium along with the Beavers–Joseph condition at the fluid–porous interface. We show that there is a switching of dominant instability mode from surface mode to porous mode with variation in anisotropic parameter. Our results clearly show that for a given Darcy number, the surface mode is the critical instability mode for isotropic and homogeneous porous media. However, when an anisotropic porous medium is considered with high wall-normal permeability than the wall-parallel permeability, the porous mode becomes the most unstable mode. We show a similar exchange of dominant instability mode from fluid mode (i.e., surface or shear mode) to porous mode with variations in inhomogeneity parameter. This switching of the most unstable mode from fluid mode to porous mode with variation in anisotropy and/or inhomogeneity in permeability has not been demonstrated in any of the earlier studies in the context of film flows. We also present an energy budget analysis to decipher the mechanism responsible for making the three modes unstable.