bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trait patterns of mungbean, black gram and rice bean
Authors: Chang C. H. , Chou Y. Y. , Yndgaard F. , Solberg S. Ø. , Kumar Chitti Bharat , Muthuraju R.
Published: December 2017

Food legumes like mungbean (Vigna radiata var. radiata), black gram (Vigna mungo), and rice bean (Vigna umbellata) have potential to diversify diets and agro-ecosystems of the tropics. Access to genetic diversity and phenotypic data are key issues for crop improvement. Large germplasm collections like the one at the World Vegetable Center may be used in detecting trait relationships and to identify accessions of interest for breeding. The current study provides results of more than 30 years of field characterization, including 9 numeric and 15 categorical descriptors and more than 10,000 accessions or sub-accessions. Core collections were established in black gram and rice bean. A positive correlation was detected between yield components such as seed size and pod length, and between these yield components and less desirable traits such as plant height and late maturity. High within-accession diversity was identified in several of the accessions.
Virtual-reality-based remote-controlled mobile robot platform
Authors: Karakaya Suat , Akkaya Ufuk , Sekerci Nurullah , Karagoz Adem , Ozay Ali Ugur , Kucukyildiz Gurkan , Ocak Hasan
Published: December 2017

In this paper, a mobile robot system, which consists of a moving base and a built-in weapon platform, was developed. The base is controlled manually using a wireless joystick in which the remote hand weapon manipulates the built-in weapon platform. A stereo vision camera is mounted on the front plane of the built-in weapon platform. Real-time video of the battle zone is recorded by the stereo camera module and is simultaneously monitored on virtual reality glasses. The glasses are worn by the person who will control the built-in weapon. The remote hand weapon is also held by the same person, and the real-time motion directories of the hand weapon are transmitted to the main platform via user datagram protocol. The built-in weapon is fired when the remote user triggers the hand weapon. The weapon platform is locked to the target, regardless of the moving base of the mobile robot.

Keywords: Virtual reality, control theory, mobile robot, defense systems.
John Calvin on the gifts of the Holy Spirit in his commentary on Acts
Authors: van Alten Erik
Published: December 2017

John Calvin is often considered to have taught the cessation of the extraordinary gifts of the Holy Spirit. This certainly does not give the complete picture of how Calvin wrestled with those passages from Scripture which deal with the extraordinary gifts. In his commentary on the book of Acts Calvin makes a conscious effort to show that in most of the cases where the gifts of the Spirit are mentioned, the focus is not on the gifts in a general sense, but in an extraordinary sense. These extraordinary gifts had been limited to the initial phase of the church. The reasons that Calvin provides for this cessation is somewhat ambiguous. On the one hand Calvin indicates a very specific, divine purpose for the gifts, which limits its usefulness and existence until the point when the purpose had been achieved. However, there are also passages where one gets the impression that the cessation of the gifts was not necessarily divinely intended, but was due to human error. Of great importance is the way Calvin subsequently applies these texts to the readers of his own day. Johannes Calvyn oor die gawes van die Heilige Gees in sy kommentaar op Handelinge Dikwels word aangeneem dat Johannes Calvyn die beëindiging van die buitengewone gawes van die Heilige Gees voorgestaan het. Dit gee egter nie die volle prentjie van hoe Calvyn met daardie Skrifgedeeltes, waarin die buitengewone gawes behandel word, geworstel het nie. In sy kommentaar op die boek Handelinge wys Calvyn bewustelik daarop dat in die meeste gevalle waar die gawes van die Gees genoem word, die fokus nie op die gawes in ’n algemene sin is nie, maar eerder op die gawes in ’n buitengewone sin. Hierdie buitengewone gawes is beperk tot die beginfase van die kerk. Die redes wat Calvyn vir hierdie beëindiging aanvoer, is egter dubbelsinnig. Aan die eenkant wys Calvyn op ’n baie spesifieke, Goddelike doel met die gawes, waardeur hulle bruikbaarheid en voortbestaan beperk word tot die tyd toe die doel bereik is. Aan die anderkant, egter, is daar ook gedeeltes wat die indruk skep dat die beëindiging van die gawes nie noodwendig Goddelik bepaal is nie, maar ’n gevolg was van menslike sonde. Van groot belang is hoe Calvyn hierdie tekste vervolgens toepas op die lesers van sy eie tyd.
O estudo e a identificação dos padrões de metadados para a representação e a recuperação da imagem digital na perspectiva da web
Authors: Yamane Gabriela Aparecida da Cunha , Castro Fabiano Ferreira de
Published: December 2017

Os suportes da informação são utilizados pelo homem desde o princípio de sua criação como pilar da sua própria existência, permitindo a transmissão de ideologias às gerações futuras e contribuindo para a evolução da humanidade. A imagem é uma forma de comunicação e registro da memória, que, permeadas pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), possibilitou a expansão de formas de registro, as imagens digitais. A crescente produção e o uso de informações imagéticas digitais, sobremaneira no contexto da web, gera a necessidade de encontrar soluções para o estabelecimento de parâmetros que propiciem a descrição e o acesso aos recursos imagéticos. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consiste na identificação e no mapeamento dos padrões de metadados para o recurso imagético digital, pautando-se no Tratamento de Recursos Imagéticos (TRI), de modo a propiciar a recuperação mais efetiva das informações no domínio web. Caracteriza-se como uma metodologia exploratória e descritiva, com o intuito de mapear os padrões para a representação de imagens digitais e seus atributos, relacionando-os aos aspectos intrínsecos à web. Como resultados, são apresentados o mapeamento e a categorização dos padrões de metadados, que abrangem Dublin Core, MARC21, MODS, MIX, IPTC, Core VRA, XMP e PLUS, e aponta-se um corpus teórico referente aos conceitos e procedimentos para formas de representação e descrição da imagem digital no âmbito da web pautado na literatura científica da área de Biblioteconomia, Ciência da Informação e Ciência da Computação. Dessa forma, sublinha-se que as formas convencionais e tradicionais da Ciência da Informação, principalmente no que tange ao tratamento de recursos informacionais, podem propiciar uma melhora no desempenho de recuperação de informações imagéticas digitais em ambientes informacionais.
Estudo sobre a atuação do MERCOSUL Cultural nas ações de preservação do patrimônio documental bibliográfico
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigues Marcia
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tece um breve histórico do MERCOSUL e do MERCOSUL Cultural, órgão responsável pela promoção e divulgação dos valores e tradições culturais dos países integrantes do bloco. O estudo propôs-se a investigar as ações do MERCOSUL Cultural com vistas à preservação do patrimônio documental bibliográfico. Seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa, fez uso das revisões bibliográfica e documental para a construção teórica. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que a cultura, de uma maneira geral, não tem ocupado posição de destaque nas ações e iniciativas do MERCOSUL. A presença dessa lacuna evidencia a necessidade de estímulo a estudos e pesquisas referentes à busca pela integração entre os países, dando a devida consideração às questões de ordem cultural, trazendo à tona a importância dos estudos voltados à preservação e à valorização do patrimônio cultural das nações.
Encontrabilidade da Informação na Câmara dos Deputados
Authors: Brandt Mariana Baptista , Vechiato Fernando Luiz , Vidotti Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregorio
Published: December 2017

Considerando a complexidade dos ambientes informacionais da atualidade, objetiva-se avaliar a ecologia informacional híbrida e complexa da Câmara dos Deputados quanto à encontrabilidade da informação. Para tanto, procede-se à descrição do ambiente informacional da instituição e sua avaliação por meio da utilização de instrumento de checklist, que considera atributos da Encontrabilidade da Informação e da Arquitetura da Informação Pervasiva. Desse modo, observa-se que a maioria dos atributos está presente na ecologia, porém, não de forma satisfatória, o que permite concluir que há necessidade de melhorias na implementação dos atributos, além de oportunidades de inovações para o alinhamento dessa ecologia com as tendências informacionais atuais.
PENERAPAN METODE DRILL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA KELAS IX MATERI STATISTIKA DI SMP KRISTEN RANTEPAO [THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DRILL METHOD TO IMPROVE COGNITIVE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS STUDYING STATISTICS AT A CHRISTIAN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN RANTEPAO]
Authors: Astuningtias Kezia Irene , Appulembang Oce Datu
Published: December 2017

In mathematics learning, the learning outcomes that are most often measured are the cognitive outcomes because they can be used in evaluating students’ achievement in the things they have learned. This research aimed to see whether the implementation of a drill method can improve the learning outcomes. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) using Kemmis & McTaggart’s model. This research was done in two cycles at a Christian junior high school in Rantepao in October 2016. The subjects were grade 9 students at the school. The instruments used in this research were mentor and peer observations, student’s questionnaire, and tests. The research concluded that the implementation of the drill method improved the cognitive learning outcomes of grade 9 students at the school.

ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Dalam pelajaran matematika, hasil belajar yang paling sering diukur adalah hasil belajar kognitif karena itu dapat dijadikan bahan evaluasi untuk mengetahui pencapaian siswa akan hal yang sudah dipelajari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah penerapan metode drill dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) model Kemmis dan Taggart. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Kristen Rantepao pada kelas IX pada Oktober 2016 dalam dua siklus. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi mentor dan teman sejawat, lembar angket siswa, dan tes. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode drill dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa kelas IX materi Statistika di SMP Kristen Rantepao.
Desarrollo en la infancia y trayectorias educativas de los adolescentes. Un estudio con base en datos de panel para Uruguay
Authors: Failache Elisa , Salas Gonzalo , Vigorito Andrea
Published: December 2017

Antecedentes: En este trabajo se analiza el papel de la trayectoria nutricional y las habilidades no cognitivas en el abandono escolar y la repetición en enseñanza media en Uruguay. Varios trabajos han dado cuenta de la relevancia que a lo largo del ciclo de vida tienen los desempeños en la primera infancia y del papel que juegan las intervenciones tempranas (Behrman et al., 2009; Conti y Heckman, 2012; Daelmans et al., 2016). En los países en desarrollo muchos trabajos han analizado cómo se asocia la situación nutricional con el resto de los desempeños vitales y, en particular, con los escolares (Behrman y Wolfe, 1987). Sin embargo, el papel de las habilidades no cognitivas ha sido escasamente abordado.Métodos: Se trabajó con dos olas de un panel de niños que cursaban primer año de enseñanza primaria en escuelas públicas en 2004. Los adolescentes estudiados estuvieron expuestos durante los primeros años de vida a una aguda crisis económica (1999-2003). Para las estimaciones de la probabilidad de repetir, se explota la naturaleza longitudinal de la fuente de datos aplicando efectos fijos. En el caso del abandono del sistema escolar las estimaciones se realizan por Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO) y Mínimos Cuadrados en dos Etapas (MC2E). En este último caso se corrigen los problemas de endogeneidad por considerar como variable explicativa del abandono los eventos previos de repetición del adolescente.Resultados: Se encontró que la talla para la edad y el ingreso del hogar al inicio del ciclo primario son fuertes predictores de la repetición. Un mal desempeño en las escalas psicométricas del cuestionario de fortalezas y dificultades (SDQ, por sus siglas en inglés) (síntomas emocionales, problemas de conducta, hiperactividad y actitud prosocial) se correlaciona con haber experimentado algún episodio de repetición. A la vez, ésta predice fuertemente el abandono.Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos se encuentran en línea con la literatura que sostiene que el desarrollo en etapas tempranas condiciona los desempeños en la adolescencia. Se encuentra una fuerte inercia en las condiciones de partida de los adolescentes, lo que sugiere la necesidad de apoyar a los hogares con intervenciones desde las edades tempranas como una manera de acompañar todo el ciclo vital. Identificar la configuración de privaciones iniciales que condicionan el desempeño educativo constituye un insumo para el diseño de las políticas de combate contra la privación presente y futura. Los hallazgos también reafirman la importancia de lograr una mayor comprensión de la forma en que interactúan la repetición escolar y el abandono, con el propósito de abatir las altas tasas de abandono escolar.
¿Qué es lo primero: el crecimiento del PIB o la inversión? El caso de una economía pequeña y abierta
Authors: Mordecki Gabriela , Ramírez Lucía
Published: December 2017

Antecedentes: La inversión es clave para analizar el crecimiento de una economía, porque aumenta su capacidad productiva, por ampliación del capital o incorporación de nueva tecnología que hace más eficiente el proceso productivo. En Uruguay, la inversión se ha incrementado sustancialmente en los últimos años, tanto global como sectorialmente. Esto habría ocurrido como resultado del fuerte crecimiento en el periodo, con políticas gubernamentales de promoción de inversiones. El impacto de la inversión en el crecimiento y el empleo han sido estudiadas en profundidad, con resultados empíricos que apoyan que la inversión precede el crecimiento, como la causalidad inversa.Métodos: A través de un modelo de vectores con corrección de error (VECM por sus siglas en inglés) se analiza el PIB sin actividad primaria, la inversión y el empleo urbano en Uruguay.Resultados: Con base en este modelo, observamos que hay una relación positiva entre el PIB y las otras dos variables, y que en ella el PIB precede tanto a los trabajadores urbanos como a la inversión.Conclusiones: La relación entre el empleo y la inversión no es tan clara y, en algunos casos, parece ser negativa, lo que podría estar mostrando un fenómeno de inversión ahorradora de trabajo, o inversión en sectores menos intensivos en mano de obra. Uruguay, como una pequeña economía abierta depende de la IED para aumentar la inversión, y este tipo de inversión es atraído sobre todo por altas tasas de crecimiento económico.
Fundamentos de la nueva fórmula de asignación del Fondo de Aportaciones para la Infraestructura Social en México
Authors: Ibarra Salazar Jorge
Published: December 2017

Antecedentes: El Fondo de Aportaciones para la Infraestructura Social (FAIS), instituido a partir de 1998, es una transferencia condicionada que distribuye el gobierno federal mexicano entre los estados y municipios para reducir la pobreza. La fórmula de asignación usada hasta 2013 distribuía este fondo de acuerdo con la pobreza relativa de cada estado en relación con la nacional. Este diseño no generaba los incentivos adecuados para reducir la pobreza.Métodos: Con base en un modelo agente-principal, y considerando explícitamente la asimetría de información entre los órdenes de gobierno federal y subnacional, en este artículo se propone una fórmula de asignación del FAIS, que tiene dos características fundamentales: se distribuye con base en la pobreza relativa de los estados/municipios; y contiene un componente para evitar el incentivo perverso de la fórmula de distribución que se usó hasta 2013.Resultados: Se diseña un mecanismo que se usa como fundamento teórico en la construcción de una fórmula para distribuir la transferencia.Conclusiones: Para lograr el impacto deseado de los programas gubernamentales que se financian con transferencias federales es importante diseñar e implementar mecanismos que alineen los incentivos de los diferentes niveles de gobierno.
Performance das firmas do agronegócio listadas no novo mercado da Bovespa: um estudo econométrico
Authors: Constantino Michel , Mendes Dany Rafael Fonseca , Costa Reginaldo Brito da , Pegorare Alexander Bruno
Published: December 2017

Este estudo mediu o impacto da gestão na performance das empresas do setor de agronegócio listadas na Bovespa, por meio de modelagem econométrica com dados em painel. A metodologia partiu da análise de nove indicadores de desempenho e uma função de produção padrão. Foram utilizados dados trimestrais, de 2007:1 a 2011:4, das dez empresas listadas no Novo Mercado (NM) da Bovespa. A influência dos indicadores no produto da empresa revelou que as variáveis capital e trabalho continuam proporcionando maior impacto no resultado, e que variáveis interligadas ao mercado, como é o caso do lucro por ação, são quase insignificantes.
Responsabilidade civil por erro médico
Authors: De Sena Michel Canuto , Silva Graciele , Marques Heitor Romero , Bastos Paulo Roberto Haidamus de Oliveira
Published: December 2017

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a responsabilidade civil do médico por danos causados em decorrência de erros cometidos durante atuação profissional ou nas atribuições vinculadas ao exercício da profissão, não importando se os erros resultantes são de atos próprios ou de terceiros interligados com a profissão dele. O trabalho utilizou de dados bibliográficos e documentais fazendo aparato no ordenamento vigente, analisando a responsabilidade penal, ética e civil, tanto na responsabilidade objetiva como subjetiva do médico. Verificou-se a relação jurídica estabelecida entre médico e paciente, dando enfoque nas consequências jurídicas imputadas ao profissional da área médica com a respectiva reparação, na intenção de amenizar a lesão sofrida pela vítima.
Elaboração de barras de chocolate funcionais enriquecidas com chia
Authors: Paiva Caroline Franco , Hokama Lais Maluf , Candido Camila Jordão , Guimarães Rita de Cássia Avellaneda
Published: December 2017

O chocolate, mistura de derivados de cacau e outros ingredientes, tem em sua composição nutrientes considerados funcionais, assim como a chia, rica em ácidos graxos polinsaturados. Alimentos funcionais produzem efeitos metabólicos ou fisiológicos benéficos à saúde. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, desenvolver barras de chocolate amargo e meio amargo acrescidas de sementes de chia, sob diferentes concentrações, a fim de se avaliar as suas características. Foram feitas análises microbiológica, sensorial e físico-química, que avaliou teores de umidade, resíduos minerais fixo, lipídios, proteínas e carboidratos. Em ambas as barras, observa-se que o teor de umidade, resíduo mineral fixo e proteína obtiveram valores maiores nas barras contendo 35% de sementes de chia. Para os carboidratos, o menor teor avaliado foi nas barras contendo 35% de chia. Lipídios apresentaram menor teor nas barras contendo 15% de sementes. Mediante os resultados encontrados, observam-se barras nutritivas, que podem ser consumidas rotineiramente como boa fonte de nutrientes.
Em busca de princípios e estratégias para uma identidade salesiana da Pastoral Universitária à luz das experiências da Missão Salesiana de Mato Grosso
Authors: Barbosa Neto João Dos Santos
Published: December 2017

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo, evidenciar os princípios e as estratégias para a ação viva e eficaz da Pastoral Universitária, levando em consideração as experiências da Missão Salesiana de Mato Grosso. A relevância deste estudo está no critério científico das bases fundantes e determinantes da Pastoral Universitária, evidenciando a sua relevância teológica, educativa, pastoral e catequética, com a finalidade de transmitir a toda comunidade acadêmica, profundos valores, provenientes do conhecimento e da adesão a Jesus Cristo. Deste modo, promove-se uma adequada ação pastoral, inserindo conscientemente à comunidade acadêmica no mistério amoroso de Deus, em um processo recíproco de formação humana e cristã.
Economia da cultura e impactos ambientais do carnaval em Corumbá, MS
Authors: Nachif Denise Abrão , Alves Gilberto Luiz
Published: December 2017

Este artigo articula as relações entre “economia da cultura” do carnaval em Corumbá, MS, e os impactos que podem ser percebidos no meio ambiente de uma cidade situada num dos maiores santuários ecológicos do mundo, o Pantanal. O foco recai sobre o desafio de conciliar interesses entre a economia da cultura manifesta no evento e os interesses socioambientais impactados pelos resíduos produzidos durante os festejos. Para tanto, conectamos os temas históricos do carnaval, da cultura local e do meio ambiente por meio da revisão de fontes secundárias.
Strain-Based Casing Design for Cyclic-Steam-Stimulation Wells
Authors: Han Lihong , Wang Hang , Wang Jianjun , Xie Bin , Tian Zhihua , Wu Xingru
Published: December 2017

An oil field in Xinjiang, China, experienced a casing failure rate of 15 to 30% in thermal wells, mainly relating to inadequate protocols of casing design. This paper presents a new strain-based casing-design method. New material parameters are proposed to build safety-evaluation principles throughout the service life of a thermal well. In addition, a gas-tight thread joint is applied to prevent steam leakage that otherwise would cause a large transversal stress between different formations, and result in slip deformation of the casing string. Field practices have shown that the new method's fitness works better for thermal wells than previously used methods.
Application of the Marangoni Effect in Nanoemulsion on Improving Waterflooding Technology for Heavy-Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Danian , Du Xuan , Song Xinmin , Wang Hongzhuang , Li Xiuluan , Jiang Youwei , Wang Mengying
Published: December 2017

Waterflooding is considered an important cold-production method because it is economically advantageous for heavy-oil-reservoir development; however, its efficiency is not remarkable because of the adverse oil/water-mobility ratio and cold damage from solid-state adsorption. To address this problem, oil/water emulsion is critical for improving the recovery by significantly altering oil mobility. Previous research is mainly focused on the effect of surfactants, salinity, and water/oil ratio on emulsion formation, rather than on the effect of kinetic energy under low or no shear stress on emulsification. In this study, experiments are conducted using a microscope to observe oil/water interfacial turbulence (Marangoni effect) when oil is dropped into a nanoemulsion. The purpose of this study is to form an emulsion using the interfacial turbulence under low or no shear stress, to improve heavy-oil recovery under waterflooding. The interfacial movement between a nanoemulsion and oil and the mechanism of formation of the emulsion are investigated. The Marangoni effect and mass transfer are observed by use of a microscope and low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. Nanoemulsion, along with other methods of chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR), is compared by conducting coreflooding and sandpack-flooding experiments after waterflooding. The results show that the Marangoni effect can help to emulsify and remove the oil from oil sand by converting interfacial energy into kinetic energy. On the basis of flooding-experiment results, we conclude that slug injection with a combination of nanoemulsion flooding and polymer flooding is an effective method for improving heavy-oil recovery.
Cloning and Expression of Omission of Second Division-like Genes from Carnation
Authors: Zhou Xuhong , Mo Xijun , Jiang Yalian , Zhang Hao , Yu Rongpei , Wang Lihua , Wang Jihua , Qu Suping
Published: December 2017

The omission of second division gene (OSD1) gene plays a fundamental role in meiosis and is associated with 2n gamete formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. The objective of this work was to unravel the mechanisms leading to 2n pollen production, and isolate and analyze the expression patterns of OSD-like (OSDL) genes in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). We found an absence of the second meiotic division caused the formation of 2n pollen. Three homoeologous genes were cloned and labeled as OSDLa, OSDLb, and OSDLc in a diploid carnation. The cDNAs were 1180 bp for OSDLa, 1288 bp for OSDLb, and 971 bp for OSDLc. A strong similarity was found between the amino sequences of OSDLb and OSDLc. An evident feature of OSDLs proteins is the presence of D-box and MR-tail domains; however, the GxEN/KEN-box domain, which is distinct among the other plant proteins was absent. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that OSDL genes maintain continuous expression in buds and other tissues. OSDLa has the highest expression in buds of 1.1–1.2 cm long (stage 2), and OSDLb has a high level of expression in buds of 0.9–1.0 cm long (stage 1) and stage 2 buds and ovary tissues in three carnation cultivars. The expression level of OSDLc was highest in ovaries. These expression patterns strongly suggest that OSDLs in carnation involve male meiosis and ovary development. These findings can have potential applications in fundamental polyploidization research and plant breeding programs in carnation.
Effect of Immature Green Tomato Fruit Color on Yellow Shoulder Incidence and Soluble Solids Content of Ripe Fruit
Authors: Mattia Matthew R. , Scott John W.
Published: December 2017

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) breeders have observed that plants with uniform green-shouldered fruit are less prone to yellow shoulder (YS) than are plants with (dark) green-shouldered tomatoes and thus have selected for tomato cultivars with uniform green-shouldered fruit. However, a recent publication reported that a cultivar with green-shouldered fruit had significantly higher soluble solids content (SSC) than an isogenic cultivar with uniform green-shouldered fruit and postulated that selection of uniform green shoulder has negatively affected tomato flavor and processing quality. Lines with dark green (u+), uniform green (u), uniform gray-green (ug), apple green (uAg), medium green, and pale green (uPg) immature fruit colors were crossed in all combinations to produce F1 plants that were self-pollinated to produce F2 seed. Parents, F1, and F2s were planted in the field in completely randomized block designs over two seasons. Plants were visually phenotyped for immature fruit color, and fruit from each plant were selected to measure shoulder and base color with a colorimeter. Ripening fruit were harvested to measure the incidence of YS, and SSC was measured on ripe fruit from each plant with a refractometer. In the spring season, fruit from F2 plants with green-shouldered fruit had significantly higher YS incidence than all phenotypes with uniform fruit colors. In the fall, phenotypes with medium-green shoulders were also tested, and these had greater YS than all other phenotypes except green shoulder. YS incidence for green shoulder was not significantly greater than that in the other phenotypes. Fla. 7956, the apple green parent, had 0% YS and appeared to be resistant. Higher SSC was observed in the spring season than in the fall season. However, in both seasons, when comparisons were made between phenotypes that segregated in the F2s, the SSC of green-shouldered phenotypes was not significantly higher than that of other phenotypes. Plants with apple green fruit tended to be higher in SSC in the fall, but this may relate to the dark green foliage of apple green plants and not just the fruit color. A hypothesis that stress may relate to reported SSC increases because of u+ is discussed.
Recurrent Selection for Rubber Yield in Russian Dandelion
Authors: Hodgson-Kratky Katrina J.M. , Stoffyn Olivier M. , Wolyn David J.
Published: December 2017

Russian dandelion [Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS)] is a promising alternative to the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) as a source of natural rubber; however, rubber yields must be improved for this undomesticated species to become a profitable new crop. Half-sib family recurrent selection was conducted for four cycles to increase rubber yield, estimated as the product of rubber percentage, and root dry weight per plant. Two distinct populations were developed for adaptation to sand and loam soil types. Rubber percentage increased from 4.17% for the cycle 0 (C0) population to 6.40% for the C4-loam population. Rubber yield also increased from 0.15 to 0.22 g/plant after four selection cycles. Although phenotypic variation was observed, selection had no effect on root weight; all populations averaged 3.70 g/plant. Rubber yield and percentage and root dry weight were not increased after four selection cycles on sandy soils, likely because of poor adaptation and high environmental variation. Year and soil type affected rubber yields; however, rubber percentage was more stable than root dry weight. Overall, russian dandelion can be improved for rubber yield, and further studies with increased error control should be considered to enhance root dry weight.
Genotypic Variations in Plant Growth and Nutritional Elements of Perennial Ryegrass Accessions under Salinity Stress
Authors: Song Xin , Wang Suo-min , Jiang Yiwei
Published: December 2017

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is a popular cool-season and forage grass around the world. Salinity stress may cause nutrient disorders that influence the growth and physiology of perennial ryegrass. The objective of this study was to identify the genotypic variations in growth traits and nutrient elements in relation to salinity tolerance in perennial ryegrass. Eight accessions of perennial ryegrass [PI265351 (Chile), PI418707 (Romania), PI303012 (UK), PI303033 (The Netherlands), PI545593 (Turkey), PI577264 (UK), PI610927 (Tunisia), and PI632590 (Morocco)] were subjected to 0 (control, no salinity) and 300 mm NaCl for 10 d in a greenhouse. Across accessions, salinity stress decreased plant height (HT), leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW), leaf water concentration (LWC), and concentration of N, C, Ca2+, Cu2+, K+, Mg2+, and K+/Na+ ratio and increased Na+ concentration. Negative correlations were found between C and Na+, whereas positive correlations of K+/Na+ with C and N were found under salinity treatment. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first, second, and third principal components explained 40.2%, 24.9%, and 13.4% variations of all traits, respectively. Based on loading values from PCA analysis, LWC, Na+ concentration, and K+/Na+ ratio were chosen to evaluate salinity tolerance of accessions, and eight accessions were divided into the tolerant, moderate, and sensitive groups. The tolerant group had relatively higher LWC and K+/Na+ ratio and concentrations of C, P, and Fe2+ and lower Na+ concentrations than the other two groups, especially the sensitive groups. The result suggested that lower Na+ accumulation and higher K+/Na+ ratio and LWC were crucial strategies for achieving salinity tolerance of perennial ryegrass.
Harmful mining activities, environmental impacts and effects in the mining communities in South Africa: a critical perspective
Authors: M. Pretty Makua , O. Odeku Kola
Published: December 2017

In South Africa, the right to a clean environment is constitutionally guaranteed. However, this right is being violated on a daily basis by the mining companies who degrade and harm the environment in the communities they operate. Even though laws have been put in place to regulate, protect and deter degradation, the reality is that the mining companies have been found wanting several times in discharging their constitutional obligations not to degrade and harm the environment. This paper examines impacts and effects of the mining activities. It also looks at the legislative interventions that have been put in place to serve as checks against the mining companies and provides insights on how they are being used to regulate harmful mining practices.
Justification of integrated environmental and economic assessment of the impact actions in the field of oil and gas extraction
Authors: Matsenko Oleksandr , Gramma Olga
Published: December 2017

The aim of the welfare state, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine is to ensure conditions for the growth of welfare of citizens. One of the major components in the well-being of civilized societies is to ensure that citizens and businesses the necessary energy. Energy development is the basis for enhancing the social and economic living standards of the population and competitiveness. The key to this goal should be a reliable, economically viable and environmentally sound needs of the population and the economy of energy products. It is important to identify the critical factors is a threat to the energy security of the national economy. The state of the energy sector of Ukraine is negatively affected by continued dependence on imports of Russian natural gas, petroleum products and fuel for power plants. Today such dependence on primary energy, including coal, has become a leverage to Ukraine on the part of the neighboring state. The loss of the fuel and energy complex, and areas for future development of hydrocarbon resources as a result of the annexation of the Crimea and the military operations in the east of the country, as well as the destruction of the oil and gas infrastructure in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, yielded additional new factors which significantly weakened the energy security of the country. Given the instability of strategic task for Ukraine, it is vital to achieve the highest possible level to ensure the economy’s own oil and gas resources, which, to a certain extent, will contribute to energy independence and savings of foreign exchange reserves of the country, as well as infrastructure development in the industry, tax revenues, creation of additional jobs.
Centralized Statistics Courses at SMU: opportunity and advantage for SOR; research benefits for SMU
Authors: Richman Miyambu Gezani , Mokgadi Lekganyane Maria , Matshonisa Seeletse Solly
Published: December 2017

The Department of Statistics and Operations Research (SOR) at the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU) in South Africa offers courses in Statistics (Stats). Several departments in SMU campus require Stats training in their study program. In the interest of quality offering in Stats training and for statistical services needed for research, SOR oofers to collect, centralize and facilitate all the Stats modules on campus. This paper then reflects on the impressions of academics and researchers on SMU campus regarding their view on centralized Stats courses in SMU. This will help explore the opportunities, envisaged research benefits and challenges for centralizing all the SMU Stats training in SOR.
Managing the sustainability of economic system as the basis of investment development in Ukraine
Authors: Kozlovskyi Serhii , Khadzhynov Illya , Vlasenko Ivan , Marynchak Liliya
Published: December 2017

Nowadays, studying the categories of “economic sustainability”, “economic sustainability management” and the peculiarities of these concepts is especially relevant. Their use would provide an opportunity to ensure the sustainable and most effective functioning of the subject of economic relations in the current period of time, as well as to create a high potential for its development and ensuring the conditions for investing capital in the Ukrainian economy. All this determined the purpose of this study, which consists in the analysis of the theory and essence of the economic sustainability concept, the interpretation of the concept of “economic sustainability of the system” and the concept of “management of economic sustainability of the system”, distinguishing factors affecting the sustainability of the Ukrainian economic system, determining the relationship of economic sustainability with economic security, investing as well as forecasting the level of the Ukrainian economy sustainability based on the innovative modeling methods. The object of the research is to develop the theory of the “economic sustainability” concept and to determine the level of economic sustainability of the economy aimed at raising the investment climate in Ukraine. To ensure the development, security and investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian economy, an organizational structure of the management model for the sustainability of the Ukrainian economic system was developed using the developed economic and mathematical model.
Hegemonic Culture and Subaltern: A Compromised Veil in Indonesian Islamic Popular Novel
Authors: Tami Rosmah , Faruk Faruk , Adi Ida Rochani
Published: December 2017

This research was based on the powerful function of the aesthetics in the society. Novel as an art work also functioned as an arena in which ideologies contest and negotiate. The research intended to show a mechanism underlining novel to have a significant hegemonic role. The material object was taken from Islamic popular novel namely “Ketika Mas Gagah Pergi dan Kembali”. The formal object was the negotiation of ideology which focused on the contact between intellectual and subaltern leading to the formation of a new compromised cultural practice. By applying the theory of hegemony in discussing the contestation and negotiation of ideologies in the novel, it is found that the contestation and negotiation between hegemonic and subaltern ideology lead to the occurrence of a compromise between the interest of the intellectual and the subaltern. The interest of the subaltern is based on the nostalgia of the past and fear or uncertain condition of future which lay in the domain of imagination that structures the novel.
Reflective Evaluation of Efl Teachers Versus Their Students’ Evalution
Authors: Andreani Wiwik
Published: December 2017

Article investigated the grading of teaching values and its relation to the rating performance of the teachers. For this purpose, 27 EFL teachers were randomly chosen from Bina Nusantara University. Some teachers taught only English Department students and some others taught students of other Departments, for example Computer Science, Marketing Communication, Management, Visual Communication Design and Chinese Department. They were asked to grade twelve values in their teaching according to the order of importance and to answer a set of questions on those values. Besides, their students filled in a questionnaire with the aim of evaluating the teachers’ performance from September 2008 until June 2010 (three semesters).The results of the study suggest that there is a change in the teaching-value grading along with teaching experience. However, there is no relationship between teaching values and getting high/low rating performance, the reason of which is not dealt with in the study. Expertise, Enthusiasm, Reliability and Attentiveness were teaching values selected as most important for the EFL teachers. Moreover, most teachers were graded higher in their soft skills rather than hard skills, especially in giving the students an opportunity to ask questions and to have a discussion during the teaching and learning process. Finally, when teachers taught small and big classes, surprisingly most of them got higher rating performance from their students of big classes, for both their hard and soft skills.
Analysis of two-dimensional flow and pollutant transport induced by tidal currents in the Han River
Authors: Park Inhwan , Song Chang Geun
Published: December 2017

We simulated two-dimensional pollutant transport in the tidal reach of the Han River and examined the mixing induced by reversed flow. We used the downstream water surface elevation to reflect the tidal constituents of the Yellow Sea when modeling the flow characteristics. We found that reversed flows were repeatedly created and destroyed as the tide varied. The reversed flow affected the spatial variation of the dispersion coefficients and caused the lateral fluctuations of the dispersion coefficient to increase. The change in the flow direction was related to oscillatory variations in the concentration–time curves, and the horizontal recirculation zone at the front of the reversed flow became a storage area where the pollutant cloud was trapped. The concentration–time curves showed oscillatory changes that corresponded with the temporal variations of the flow direction, and the amplitude of the oscillations gradually decreased. The increases in the time for which the polluted water was retained at the riverine parks can be explained by the oscillations on the falling limb of the concentration curves.
Performance assessment of hydrologic uncertainty processor through integration of the principal components analysis
Authors: Yao Yi , Liang Zhongmin , Zhao Weimin , Jiang Xiaolei , Li Binquan
Published: December 2017

Uncertainty analysis is important and should be always considered when using models for flood forecasting. In this paper, the ‘Principal Components Analysis-Hydrologic Uncertainty Processor’ (PCA-HUP) was developed for probabilistic flood forecasting (PFF) and further evaluated in the middle Yellow River, China. Due to the severe sediment erosion, small and medium floods drain in the main channel (normal floods) while large floods would spill over the bank and drain in river floodplains (overbank floods). Thus, the practical routing methods were used to provide the deterministic flood forecasting (DFF) input for PCA-HUP. PCA-HUP quantifies the forecast uncertainty and provides PFF results. The comparison of performance between the DFF and PFF outputs indicated that PFF could also provide a good accuracy of deterministic hydrograph. In order to explore the performance decay of DFF and PFF with lead time increasing, the lead times n = 1, 6 and 10 hours were chosen for comparison. Results suggested that, with the increasing lead time, the performances of both DFF and PFF decayed accordingly. As a consequence, this study proved the practicability of PCA-HUP in the operational forecasting for both normal and overbank floods in the middle reach of Yellow River.
Full-scale wastewater treatment plant simulation for real-time optimization
Authors: Gazsó Z. , Házi F. , Kenyeres I. , Váci L.
Published: December 2017

A dynamic simulation model has been developed and validated for the 1.4 million p.e. capacity Budapest Central Wastewater Treatment Plant to support intensification, process development and risk assessment. By the integration of both the biological and physico-chemical processes the technological design of separated units becomes possible as well as the exploration of the connections within the system. The calibration of the model parameters for an operating treatment plant is the key requirement for the proper application of dynamic simulation tool to optimize operational and maintenance conditions and specify the potential development areas. We have done a one-year period of validation which included sensitivity analysis and the simulation of time intervals in the same way as in the calibration process. At the same time we investigated the suitability of the simulation system for real-time operation optimization. As conclusion we ascertained that due to the computational power necessity of a properly detailed model, it is not applicable for real-time operation optimization, nevertheless it is suitable for the detection of the system reactions for long-term changes of the influent load. This means that a properly functioning model is applicable for indicating the development directions.
Potential of phosphatases for express assessment of self-purification at different types of pollution in running waters
Authors: Todorova Yovana , Schneider Irina , Yotinov Ivaylo , Lincheva Stilyana , Topalova Yana
Published: December 2017

The potential of an express enzymological indicator – phosphatase activity index (PAI) – for assessment of different types of pollution and self-purification potential in running waters was evaluated for three river subcatchments, representative for different ecological situations and impacts. According to the values of correlation coefficients, a significant positive correlation existed among PAI and total microbial count, organic loading and phosphate concentrations. The enzyme activity is useful tool for early identification of risks from point discharge of different wastewaters (treated or non-treated). The role of PAI as an indicator is significant at case of disinfection after treatment of wastewaters in treatment plant – the aquatic microbial community at the discharge point is suppressed but not at a functional level. The results allow classical microbiological and chemical parameters (state variables) to be related directly to the dynamics of the transformation processes by functional variable – PAI.
Surface water quality assessment of Amingaon (Assam, India) using multivariate statistical techniques
Authors: Singh Kunwar Raghvendra , Bharti Nidhi , Kalamdhad Ajay S. , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: December 2017

The pollution of surface water has become a global environmental issue. Monitoring of surface water is essential to know the current status of water quality and maintain it at certain desirable level. In this study surface water quality of Amingaon has been analysed. Amingaon is a locality in North Guwahati (Assam, India). In last few decades’ the locality has undergone rapid and uncontrolled development activities which have a detrimental impact on its ecology and environment. Samples were collected from 12 lakes and analysed for 24 parameters namely temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity (Tur), total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), chloride ion (Cl−), fluoride (F−), sulphate (SO42−), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), dissolved oxygen (DO) biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate (NO3−) total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP). Multivariate statistical techniques were used for the assessment of water quality. Cluster analysis (CA) was used for classification of water quality parameters and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the sources of pollution. CA grouped all the water quality parameters in three cluster. PCA resulted in six useful components which explained 90.54% of the total variance. Based on overall study it was concluded that the sources of pollution of lakes were the use of fertilizers, storm water runoff, land development and domestic waste water discharge. Trophic state of lakes was also evaluated using Carlson's Trophic State Index (TSI).