bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic detection and diagnosis of gastric cancer using image‐enhanced endoscopy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dohi Osamu , Seya Mayuko , Iwai Naoto , Ochiai Tomoko , Yumoto Junki , Mukai Hiroki , Yamauchi Katsuma , Kobayashi Reo , Hirose Ryohei , Inoue Ken , Yoshida Naohisa , Konishi Hideyuki , Itoh Yoshito
Published: August 2024

Objectives

We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the value of image‐enhanced endoscopy including blue laser imaging (BLI), linked color imaging, narrow‐band imaging (NBI), and texture and color enhancement imaging to detect and diagnose gastric cancer (GC) compared to that of white‐light imaging (WLI).

Methods

Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified through PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Japan Medical Abstracts Society databases searches. The pooled risk ratio for dichotomous variables was calculated using the random‐effects model to assess the GC detection between WLI and image‐enhanced endoscopy. A random‐effects model was used to calculate the overall diagnostic performance of WLI and magnifying image‐enhanced endoscopy for GC.

Results

Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The detection rate of GC was significantly improved in linked color imaging compared with that in WLI (risk ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–3.25; p < 0.01) with mild heterogeneity. Magnifying endoscopy with NBI (ME‐NBI) obtained a pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the summary receiver operating curve of 0.84 (95 % CI, 0.80–0.88), 0.96 (95 % CI, 0.94–0.97), and 0.92, respectively. Similarly, ME‐BLI showed a pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 0.81 (95 % CI, 0.77–0.85), 0.85 (95 % CI, 0.82–0.88), and 0.95, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of ME‐NBI/BLI for GC was evidently high compared to that of WLI, However, significant heterogeneity among the NBI studies still existed.

Conclusions

Our meta‐analysis showed a high detection rate for linked color imaging and a high diagnostic performance of ME‐NBI/BLI for GC compared to that with WLI.
Enhancement of Cd‐Free All‐Dry‐Processed Cu(In1‐x,Gax)Se2 Thin‐Film Solar Cells by Simultaneous Adoption of an Enlarged Bandgap Absorber and Tunable Bandgap Zn1‐xMgxO Buffer
Authors: Park Joo Hyung , Jo Yonghee , Cho Ara , Jeong Inyoung , An Jin Gi , Kim Kihwan , Ahn Seung Kyu , Shin Donghyeop , Cho Jun‐Sik
Published: August 2024

Attempts to remove environmentally harmful materials in mass production industries are always a major issue and draw attention if the substitution guarantees a chance to lower fabrication cost and to improve device performance, as in a wide bandgap Zn1‐xMgxO (ZMO) to replace the CdS buffer in Cu(In1‐x,Gax)Se2 (CIGSe) thin‐film solar cell structure. ZMO is one of the candidates for the buffer material in CIGSe thin‐film solar cells with a wide and controllable bandgap depending on the Mg content, which can be helpful in attaining a suitable conduction band offset. Hence, compared to the fixed and limited bandgap of a CdS buffer, a ZMO buffer may provide advantages in Voc and Jsc based on its controllable and wide bandgap, even with a relatively wider bandgap CIGSe thin‐film solar cell. In addition, to solve problems with the defect sites at the ZMO/CIGSe junction interface, a few‐nanometer ZnS layer is employed for heterojunction interface passivation, forming a ZMO/ZnS buffer structure by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Finally, a Cd‐free all‐dry‐processed CIGSe solar cell with a wider bandgap (1.25 eV) and ALD‐grown buffer structure exhibited the best power conversion efficiency of 19.1%, which exhibited a higher performance than the CdS counterpart.
Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of N‐Containing Heterocycles from o‐Substituted Aniline Derivatives and Primary Amines by Perylene Diimide Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Yongsheng , Zhang Yue , Du Xiaojiao , Li Jian , Dong Chunping
Published: August 2024

The commercially available 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) acted as a heterogeneous catalyst to catalyze aerobic oxidative synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, and quinoxalines from o‐substituted aniline derivatives and primary amines in high yields with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. The gram scale reaction and reusability (up to six cycles) of the PTCDI catalyst were also successful and would greatly benefit industrial applications.
Synthesis and Properties of Tris(3‐Pyrrolyl BODIPY) on 1, 3, 5‐Triazine Scaffold
Authors: Charan Behera Kanhu , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: August 2024

Tris(3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY) on 1,3,5‐triazine scaffold was synthesized over a sequence of steps starting from commercially available cyanuric chloride. The cyanuric chloride was reacted with p‐hydroxy benzaldehyde to afford 1,3,5‐triazine tris(p‐oxybenzaldehyde) which was then reacted with excess pyrrole under acid catalyzed conditions to afford 1,3,5‐triazine‐tris(meso‐p‐oxyphenyl dipyrromethane). Subsequent in situ oxidation of this compound with DDQ to obtain tris(meso‐oxyphenyldipyrromethene) which was then treated with pyrrole followed by the addition of Et3N/BF3 ⋅ OEt2 afforded fluorescent tris(3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY). For comparison, tris(BODIPY) on the triazine scaffold was prepared by oxidizing tris(meso‐oxyphenyldipyrromethane) with DDQ followed by complexation with BF3 ⋅ OEt2. Both compounds were thoroughly characterized and studied by various experimental and theoretical methods. Absorption, steady state fluorescence, time‐resolved fluorescence, and transient‐absorption studies revealed that in tris(3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY), excitonic interactions between two of the three 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY units resulted in a hypsochromic shift in spectral bands, reducing the quantum yield and singlet state lifetime whereas tris(BODIPY) did not show such excitonic interactions. DFT studies helped in understanding the excitonic interactions in tris(3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY). The tris(3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY) was fluorescent both in solution and solid state. The viscosity studies indicated that the fluorescence of tris(3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY) increases significantly with solvent viscosity, suggesting its potential for measuring cellular viscosity during physiological processes.
Food profiling goes green: Sustainable analysis strategies for food authentication
Authors: Creydt Marina , Fischer Markus
Published: August 2024

Omics technologies, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, isotopolomics, and metallomics, are important tools for analytical verification of food authenticity. However, in many cases, their application requires the use of high‐resolution technological platforms as well as careful consideration of sample collection, storage, preparation and, in particular, extraction. In this overview, the individual steps and disciplines are explained against the background of the term “Green Chemistry,” and the various instrumental procedures for the respective omics disciplines are discussed. Furthermore, new approaches and developments are presented on how such analyses can be made sustainable in the future.
Performance optimization of a DLD microfluidic device for separating deformable CTCs
Authors: Mohammadali Roya , Bayareh Morteza , Nadooshan Afshin Ahmadi
Published: August 2024

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic devices work based on the streamlines created by an array of micro‐posts. The configuration of pillars alters the isolation efficiency of these devices. The present paper optimizes the performance of a DLD device for isolating deformable circulating tumor cells. The input variables include cell diameter (d), Young's modulus (), Reynolds number (Re), and tan θ, where θ is the tilted angle of micro‐posts. The output, which is the response of the system, is DLD. The numerical simulation results are employed to optimize the device using the response surface method, leading to the proposition of a correlation to estimate DLD as a function of input variables. It is demonstrated that the maximum and minimum impacts on cell lateral displacement correspond to and Re, respectively.
Unveiled mechanism of prolonged stability of Zn anode coated with two‐dimensional nanomaterial protective layers toward high‐performance aqueous Zn ion batteries
Authors: Ahn Yunhee , Baek Jueun , Kim Seulgi , Choi Ingyu , Yoo Jungjoon , Byun Segi , Lee Dongju
Published: August 2024

Rechargeable aqueous zinc (Zn) ion batteries (AZIBs) are gaining popularity in large‐scale energy storage due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness; however, dendrite growth and side reactions in Zn metal anodes limit their practical applications. Additionally, the difficulty of developing successful passivation of Zn anodes, combined with large‐area coating of protective layers, remains a major limitation to the commercialization of AZIBs. Here, we introduce two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials including MoS2, h‐BN, and Ti3C2Tx MXene as protective layers for Zn anodes, created on a Zn surface using a scalable, large‐area spray‐coating process. Examinations of electrochemical performance‐related material characterizations revealed that a specific type of 2D material with an optimal thickness prevents vertical growth of Zn dendrites, as well as side reactions including hydrogen evolution and corrosion, resulting in stable device operation with minimal overpotential and extended life, even under harsh measurement conditions. The highly stable MoS2@Zn anode allowed the MoS2@Zn//MnO2 full cell to achieve significantly more stable capacity retention, compared with the bare Zn//MnO2 cell. Our versatile and scalable solution‐based coating technique for easily forming large‐area 2D protective layers on Zn anodes offers new insights concerning improvements to AZIB reliability and performance.

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Fenfluramine treatment in pediatric patients with Dravet syndrome reduces seizure burden and overall healthcare costs: A retrospective and observational real‐world study
Authors: Gjerulfsen Cathrine E. , Nikanorova Marina , Olofsson Kern , Johannessen Landmark Cecilie , Rubboli Guido , Møller Rikke S.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Dravet syndrome is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by early onset epilepsy with multiple seizure types often intractable to treatment. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated how treatment with fenfluramine significantly reduces seizure frequency in patients with Dravet syndrome. The study aims to (1) describe the efficacy and tolerability of fenfluramine in a Danish cohort of patients with Dravet syndrome; and (2) evaluate whether treatment with fenfluramine reduces epilepsy‐related hospital contacts administrated by pediatricians or epilepsy‐trained nurses.

Methods

A retrospective registry‐based cohort study at the Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark, enrolled 30 pediatric patients with Dravet syndrome treated with fenfluramine between 2017 and 2023.

Results

Thirty patients with Dravet syndrome (aged 3–21 years, 12 females) with a verified pathogenic SCN1A variant were included. They were treated with fenfluramine at a mean duration of 29 months with a mean maintenance dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day. The number of patient‐years on treatment was 75 years. At last follow‐up, 6 patients had discontinued treatment due to lack of efficacy or adverse effects. In the remaining 24 patients, generalized tonic–clonic seizures were reduced by ≥30% in 83%, by ≥50% in 67%, and by 100% in 25%. Additionally, 71% of the patients were reduced in concomitant anti‐seizure medication, and 75% experienced a reduction (mean reduction at 52%, range 11%–94%) in epilepsy‐related hospital contacts from baseline to the end of the treatment period.

Significance

Treatment with fenfluramine effectively reduced seizure frequency and concomitant antiseizure medication in patients with Dravet syndrome. Furthermore, a decrease in epilepsy‐related contacts by 80% was observed over 6 years of treatment, which may indicate cost‐effective benefits.

Plain Language Summary

Patients with Dravet syndrome suffer from severe epileptic seizures that are difficult to treat with medication. Earlier, treatment with fenfluramine (an anti‐seizure medication) has been documented to decrease the total number of seizures in patients with Dravet syndrome. This publication summarizes the experiences with fenfluramine in children with Dravet syndrome at the Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark. Our publication also illustrates that treatment with fenfluramine may reduce the patients' number of yearly contacts with doctors and nurses specialized in epilepsy treatment, which may indicate cost‐effectiveness.
Pharmaceutical Pollution of the English National Parks
Authors: Boxall Alistair B. A. , Collins Rob , Wilkinson John L. , Swan Caroline , Bouzas-Monroy Alejandra , Jones Josh , Winter Emily , Leach Jessie , Juta Ursula , Deacon Alex , Townsend Ian , Kerr Peter , Paget Rachel , Rogers Michael , Greaves Dave , Turner Dan , Pearson Caitlin
Published: August 2024

England's 10 national parks are renowned for their landscapes, wildlife, and recreational value. However, surface waters in the national parks may be vulnerable to pollution from human-use chemicals, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), because of factors like ineffective wastewater treatment, seasonal tourism, a high proportion of elderly residents, and the presence of low-flow water bodies that limit dilution. The present study determined the extent of API contamination in the English national parks by monitoring 54 APIs in 37 rivers across all national parks over two seasons. Results were compared to existing data sets for UK cities and to concentration thresholds for ecological impacts and antimicrobial resistance selection. Results revealed widespread contamination of the national parks, with APIs detected at 52 out of 54 sites and in both seasons. Thirty-one APIs were detected, with metformin, caffeine, and paracetamol showing the highest mean concentrations and cetirizine, metformin, and fexofenadine being the most frequently detected. While total API concentrations were generally lower than seen previously in UK cities, locations in the Peak District and Exmoor had higher concentrations than most city rivers. Fourteen locations had concentrations of either amitriptyline, carbamazepine, clarithromycin, diltiazem, metformin, paracetamol, or propranolol above levels of concern for fish, invertebrates, and algae or for selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, API pollution of the English national parks appears to pose risks to ecological health and potentially human health through recreational water use. Given that these parks are biodiversity hotspots with protected ecosystems, there is an urgent need for improved monitoring and management of pharmaceutical pollution and pollution more generally not only in national parks in England but also in similar environments across the world. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2422–2435. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Image of a sewer discharging medicines into a small stream flowing through an idyllic woodland environment (generated using Wepik).
Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil (CMSO) restores testicular mitochondrial dysfunctions by modulating the activities of dysregulated testicular mitochondrial enzymes in male albino rats exposed to bisphenol A
Authors: Ogwoni H. A. , Aja P. M. , Eze Ejike Daniel , Agu P. C. , Moyosore Afodun Adam , Ale B. A. , Ekpono E. U. , Awoke J. N. , Ogbu Patience N. , Ukachi O. U. , Orji O. U. , Nweke P. C. , Egwu C. O. , Ekpono E. U. , Ewa G. O. , Igwenyi I. O. , Alum E. U. , Chukwu D. C. , Aja Lucy , Ani G. O. , Offor C. E. , Yakubu O. E. , Maduagwuna E. , Akobi J. B. , Noreen Sana , Awuchi Chinaza Godswill
Published: August 2024

Bisphenol A, a traditional endocrine disruptor, has been implicated in male infertility. This study investigated the effect of Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil (CMSO) on bisphenol A (BPA)‐induced biochemical toxicity in the testicular mitochondria of male albino rats. The rats were assigned randomly to six experimental groups (n = 6), A, B, C, D, E, and F. Group A received 1 mL of olive oil. Groups B and C received 100 mL/kg body weight (BW) of BPA and 7.5 mL/kg BW CMSO, respectively. Rats in groups D, E, and F received preadministered doses of 100 mL/kg BW of BPA, 5 mL/kg BW of BPA, and 2.5 mL/kg BW of CMSO, respectively, followed by 6 weeks of exposure to those doses. Some mitochondrial enzymes, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondria testicular protein, and body weight of rats were determined using standard methods. BPA significantly reduced succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, and monoamine oxidase activity. Also, BPA prominently decreased the MMP, mitochondrial testicular protein, and body weight of rats. Interestingly, coadministration of BPA and CMSO restored the dysregulated activities of the enzymes and levels of other biomarkers. We postulated that CMSO may be a promising drug for treating systemic toxicity caused by environmental toxicants such as BPA.
In vitro and in vivo investigation of the biological action of xylooligosaccharides derived from industrial waste
Authors: Chinbat Odgerel , Erdenetsog Purevdulam , Tuvshintur Buyankhuu , Gantumur Anuujin , Burenjargal Munkhjargal , Chimeddorj Battogtokh , Janlav Munkhtsetseg
Published: August 2024

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are prebiotics of significant biological value that can be obtained through cost‐effective purification of agricultural waste. The present research featured in vitro and in vivo investigation of prebiotic effects of xylooligosaccharides derived from wheat bran powder and brewer's spent grain. Prebiotic activity of Lactobacillus. fermentum, Lactobacillus. casei, and Bifidobacterium spp. was investigated in vitro using standard selective media. 16S rRNA quantitative PCR used for in vitro and in vivo investigation quantified relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Akkermansia. muciniphila in samples of fecal matter, cecal content, and intestinal tissue. Research revealed a favorable association between XOS concentration and both bacterial count and diameter of resultant colonies. The standard strain of L. casei showed no noticeable effect on growth rate. Bifidobacterium spp. proliferation in intestinal tissue was validated via in vivo tests using XOS obtained from wheat bran powder and brewer's spent grain. Findings indicated increased prevalence of the A. muciniphila species and the presence of XOS showed a protective function in preserving the structural integrity of intestinal mucus secretions. The presence of XOS in food indicated direct association with proliferation of Bifidobacterium spp. and A. muciniphila spp. Study results suggest that XOS extracted through enzymatic hydrolysis in Mongolian food industry by‐products such as wheat bran products and brewer's spent grain exhibit prebiotic properties that justify XOS manufacture on a large scale and incorporation of XOS as nutritional enhancement in food products and pharmaceuticals.
A preliminary study on the use of phycocyanin as a natural blue color source in toffee‐type soft candy: Effect of storage temperature and pigment concentration
Authors: Gunes Recep , Palabiyik Ibrahim , Kurultay Sefik
Published: August 2024

In this study, phycocyanin obtained from Spirulina platensis extract was used at various concentrations as a natural blue color source in toffee‐type soft candy, and the effect of various storage temperatures (4, 20, and 40°C) on the color stability was investigated. In addition, main quality parameters, such as water activity, texture, and sensory analysis, were determined in the samples stored for 3 months at 20°C, and thus the effect of phycocyanin addition on the product appeal was studied. According to the results, the addition of phycocyanin powder did not significantly affect water activity (p > .05). As expected, L*, a*, and b* values of the samples changed with the phycocyanin, and the ΔE values of the samples stored at 4, 20, and 40°C varied between 0.14–0.44, 0.84–2.76, and 2.63–7.90, respectively, during the entire storage period. The texture analysis outputs revealed that the use of phycocyanin did not cause any change in the textural properties of the samples (p > .05). Considering the sensory analysis, all studied concentrations scored high in terms of color liking, and the use of phycocyanin in toffee‐type soft candy production resulted in a remarkable consumer appeal. Hence, the outcomes of this study show that if temperature control is performed in the production, the organoleptic properties of toffee‐type candy products can be enhanced using phycocyanin and can meet consumer requests and demands.
The effect of soil conditions on the dynamic response of shield tunnels under train‐induced vibration loads
Authors: Yang Wenbo , Zhao Liangliang , Yao Chaofan , Yan Qixiang , Qian Kun , Yang Jun , Zhang Wengang
Published: August 2024

In this article, the influence of soil condition on the dynamic response of a tunnel and the surrounding soil was studied by both experimental model tests and numerical simulations. We tested a 1/20‐scale tunnel model with three different soil conditions: upper soft soil and lower hard soil, homogeneous soft soil and homogeneous hard soil. We also applied dynamic loads, sweep loads and train loads on the model tunnel for time domain and frequency domain analysis. The experimental and numerical results revealed that the interface between the soft and hard soil strata has an obvious amplification effect on the vibration wave. With the propagation of the vibration wave to the surface, the damping effect of the soil above the tunnel becomes the main factor affecting the dynamic response of soil. The internal force response of the tunnel structure is for the most part concentrated in the section under the excitation load, which is mainly affected by the soil properties beneath the tunnel.
Money and mental health: The impact of intergenerational transfers on elderly people in China
Authors: Appleton Simon , Huang Jinying , Lou Xuyan , Zhou Minghai
Published: August 2024

Using three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this paper examines whether financial transfers from adult children to elderly parents affect the latter's mental health. Both OLS and instrumental variable (IV) estimates show that financial transfers significantly attenuate depressive symptoms of elderly individuals, with a much larger size of the IV estimates. We also examine the income and cultural channels through which intergenerational transfers work and further discuss the explanatory powers of these two channels through a decomposition analysis. The results suggest the cultural channel accounts for a larger proportion of the financial transfer effect. This means that the unique beneficial impact of intergenerational financial transfers on the mental health of older adults cannot be fully substituted in the foreseeable future.
Characteristics, outcomes and health care utilization of patients with acute myeloid leukemia aged 70 years or older: A single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: Neumann Marie Anne‐Catherine , Naendrup Jan‐Hendrik , Garcia Borrega Jorge , Halmer Ismini , Altenrath Lisa , Sieg Noelle , Hallek Michael , Eichenauer Dennis A. , Heger Jan‐Michel
Published: August 2024

The overall prognosis of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is dismal. Only a small subgroup experiences long‐term survival. The discrimination between patients who are candidates for potentially curative approaches and those who are not is crucial since ‐ in addition to differences in terms of AML‐directed treatment ‐ different policies concerning intensive care unit (ICU) admission and involvement of specialized palliative care (SPC) seem obvious. To shed more light on characteristics, outcomes and health care utilization of older individuals with AML, we conducted an analysis comprising 107 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AML aged ≥70 years treated at an academic tertiary care center in Germany between 1 January 2015, and 31 December 2020. Median age was 75 years (range: 70–87 years); 45% of patients were female. The proportion of patients receiving intensive induction chemotherapy was 35%, 55% had low‐intensity treatment and 10% did not receive AML‐directed treatment or follow‐up ended before treatment initiation. At least one ICU admission was documented for 47% of patients; SPC was involved in 43% of cases. Median follow‐up was 199 days. The median overall survival (OS) was 2.5 months; the 1‐year OS rate was 16%. Among patients who died during observation, the median proportion of time spent in the hospital between AML diagnosis and death was 56%. The most common places of death were normal wards (31%) and the ICU (28%). Patients less frequently died in a palliative care unit (14%) or at home (12%). In summary, results of the present analysis confirm the unfavorable prognosis of older patients with AML despite intensive health care utilization. Future efforts in this patient group should aim at optimizing the balance between appropriate AML‐directed treatment on the one hand and health care utilization including ICU stays on the other hand.
Rectal perforation following SpaceOAR placement combined with permanent prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Morita Masashi , Tanabe Mayo , Kinugawa Chisa , Nakamura Saori , Amano Satoshi , Nishimura Kota , Yamatoya Jin , Noguchi Tetsuo , Hiramatsu Aya , Fukagai Takashi
Published: August 2024

Introduction

We report a case of rectal perforation following SpaceOAR placement utilized with iodine‐125 low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.

Case presentation

A 65‐year‐old patient with localized prostate cancer underwent SpaceOAR placement following LDR‐BT. No significant issues occurred with the SpaceOAR procedure, and no abnormalities were found on the next day's T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Two weeks later, a colonoscopy was performed due to mucus stools revealing rectal perforation attributed to SpaceOAR. By maintaining Macrogol 4000 and a low residue diet, the perforation healed within 6 months.

Conclusion

Rectal ulcers and perforations are the most common severe adverse events from SpaceOAR placement. Effective management strategies are crucial since complications can't be entirely avoided, even with skilled surgeons.
Promoting uniform lithium deposition with Janus gel polymer electrolytes enabling stable lithium metal batteries
Authors: Wang Lin , Xu Shugang , Song Zihui , Jiang Wanyuan , Zhang Shouhai , Jian Xigao , Hu Fangyuan
Published: August 2024

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are desirable candidates owing to their high‐energy advantage for next‐generation batteries. However, the practical application of LMBs continues to be constrained by thorny safety issues with the formation and growth of Li dendrites. Herein, the ZIF‐67 MOFs are in situ coupled onto a single face of 3D porous nanofiber to fabricate an asymmetric Janus membrane, harnessing their anion adsorption capabilities to promote the uniform deposition of Li ions. In addition, the poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and trifluoromethyl methacrylate are introduced into nanofiber skeleton to form Janus@GPE, which preferentially reacts with Li metal to form a LiF‐rich stable SEI layer to inhibit Li dendrite growth. Importantly, the synergistic effect of the MOFs and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer results in superior cycling performance, achieving a remarkable 2500 h cycling at 1 mA cm−2 in the Li/Janus@GPE/Li configuration. In addition, the Janus@GPE electrolyte has a certain flame retardant, which can self‐extinguish within 3 s, improving the safety performance of the batteries. Consequently, the Li/Janus@GPE/LFP flexible pouch cell exhibits favorable cycling stability (the capacity retention rate of 45 cycles is 91.8% at 0.1 C). This work provides new insights and strategies to improve the safety and practical utility of LMBs.

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Rational composition engineering for high‐quality Pb–Sn photodetector toward sensitive near‐infrared digital imaging arrays
Authors: Li Huan , Gao Yu , Hong Xin , Ke Kanghui , Ye Zilong , Zhang Siwei , Shi Kefei , Peng Zhuo , Yan Hao , Tang Man‐Chung , Yao Youwei , Tang Ben Zhong , Wei Guodan , Kang Feiyu
Published: August 2024

Broadband photodetectors (PDs) capable of multi‐wavelength detection have garnered significant interest for applications in environmental monitoring, optical communication, spectral analysis, and imaging sensing. Low‐bandgap Pb–Sn hybrid perovskite photodetectors can extend the spectral response from the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) range to the near‐infrared (NIR) and reduce the toxicity associated with Pb2+. The strategic introduction of Sn2+ into Cs0.15FA0.85PbxSn1−xI3 (x = 1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.2, and 0) not only preserves the cubic crystal structure with conformal multigrain growth but also broadens the film's absorption spectrum from 800 to 1000 nm NIR region. This indicates a well‐controlled tunability of the Pb–Sn binary perovskite system. Specifically, the self‐powered photodetector with a device structure of ITO/NiOx/PTAA/Cs0.15FA0.85Pb0.5Sn0.5I3/PCBM/BCP/Ag has shown remarkable optoelectrical properties. It exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 80% across the spectrum from 300 to 1000 nm, a responsivity (R) exceeding 0.5 A/W, and high detectivity (D*) value of 1.04 × 1012 Jones at 910 nm and 3.38 × 1011 Jones at 1000 nm after weak attenuation. Intriguingly, the dark current of the Cs0.15FA0.85Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 device is four orders of magnitude lower than that of devices made with pristine Pb or Sn only, strongly correlating with its significantly increased built‐in potential and reduced trap density. Consequently, it demonstrates a −3 dB bandwidth of 2.23 × 104 Hz, fast rise and decay times of 61 and 30 μs, respectively, and a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 155 dB. Benefiting from its high sensitivity, a 5 × 5 PD array for NIR imaging and non‐invasive pulse detection for photoplethysmography applications has been successfully demonstrated, showcasing the prosperous potential of Pb–Sn hybrid perovskite in the NIR range.

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Writing globally: South Korean adolescents' digital multimodal composing practices in a global online community
Authors: Jung Jin Kyeong
Published: August 2024

This design‐based study explored the digital and linguistic practices of South Korean adolescents from a rural area within the Write4Change global online community, emphasizing their use of image‐driven tools. Framed within the cosmopolitan literacies perspective, these adolescents adeptly merge local and global dimensions, integrating their multilingual identities, and compelling visual narratives into their work. They navigate English, the dominant language of the online community, while incorporating multilingual elements to enrich community dialogues. These practices reflect their linguistic adaptability and digital literacies and underscore the significant role of cosmopolitan literacies in transforming literacy studies. The study highlights the impactful digital practices of South Korean adolescents, contributing to a broader understanding of inclusivity and diversity in global literacies.
Intolerance of uncertainty dimensions and alcohol problems: The effects of coping motives and heavy drinking
Authors: Wahesh Edward , Ondrejack Lauren
Published: August 2024

This study explored the roles of coping motives and frequency of heavy drinking episodes on the association between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) dimensions (i.e., prospective IU and inhibitory IU) and alcohol problems in a crowdsourced sample of 375 adult drinkers. Serial mediation results indicated that there was a significant positive indirect effect of inhibitory IU on alcohol problems via coping motives and heavy drinking episodes. Unexpectedly, prospective IU had significant negative effects on frequency of heavy drinking episodes and alcohol problems. Implications of the study findings are discussed.
Simulating the full spin manifold of triplet‐pair states in a series of covalently linked TIPS‐pentacenes
Authors: Schulz Timo , Marian Christel M.
Published: August 2024

Combined density functional theory and multireference configuration interaction methods have been used to elucidate singlet fission (SF) pathways and mechanisms in three regioisomers of side‐on linked pentacene dimers. In addition to the optically bright singlets (S and S) and singly excited triplets (T and T), the full spin manifold of multiexcitonic triplet‐pair states (ME, ME, ME) has been considered. In the ortho‐ and para‐regioisomers, the ME and S potentials intersect upon geometry relaxation of the S excitation. In the meta‐regioisomer, the crossing occurs upon delocalization of the optically bright excitation. The energetic accessibility of these conical intersections and the absence of low‐lying charge‐transfer states suggests a direct SF mechanism, assisted by charge‐resonance effects in the ME state. While the ME state does not appear to play a role in the SF mechanism of the ortho‐ and para‐regioisomers, its participation in the disentanglement of the triplet pair is conceivable in the meta‐regioisomer.
Selective detection of ketamine in human urine samples by electrochemiluminescence sensor based on conductive molecular imprinted polypyrrole: A hydrogen peroxide‐free electrochemiluminescence assay
Authors: Ahmadi Farzane , Alizadeh Naader
Published: August 2024

A new sensor was fabricated for the determination of ketamine (Ket) in urine samples based on enhanced electrochemiluminescence (EECL) behavior of luminol on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with the conductive molecularly imprinted polymer (CMIP) film. The FESEM technique was applied to demonstrate the rod shape morphology of CMIP. Unlike the common luminol system, EECL signal of luminol no need to addition of hydrogen peroxide and it might find application in efforts to avoid instability of hydrogen peroxide or its interference with the analytes of interest. The EECL emission has been optimized by an investigation of the applied potentials, electrochemical polymerization conditions, template and modifier concentrations, and the pH solution. Under the optimum conditions, the EECL signal depended linearly on the Ket concentration within a range from 0.1 to 1.25 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.08 μM. The sensor exhibited very good recovery percentages ranging from 92% to 101% in urine samples, while precisions were ≤3%. These results suggested that the proposed sensor would be applicable for analysis Ket in complex matrixes without interfering of other drugs (anesthetics) and thus has the potential to be used in clinical application.
Amperometric sensor based on carbon nanotube, ionic liquid, and polyaspartic acid for ascorbic acid determination
Authors: Mnati Fatimah Alzahraa Nabeel , Okman Koçoğlu İrem
Published: August 2024

An amperometric sensor for ascorbic acid determination has been developed by modifying the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with polyaspartic acid (PolyAsp), carboxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotube (c‐MWCNT), and ionic liquid (IL, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate). The amount of each modification material on the surface was optimized in order to achieve good analytical performance. The operating conditions of c‐MWCNT−IL/PolyAsp/GCE were optimized. The performance characteristics of c‐MWCNT−IL/PolyAsp/GCE were investigated at optimum pH (8.0) and optimum potential (+0.20 V), and the sensor responded linearly to ascorbic acid between 5.3–2766.3 μM with a sensitivity of 19.64 μA mM−1 and detection limit of 3.0 μM. Determination of ascorbic acid in vitamin C tablet, vitamin C injection solution, and orange juice was successfully performed with the presented sensor and the recovery values were found between 98.9% and 101.6%.
First birth after uterine transposition in low‐volume lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer: A long journey for success
Authors: Moretti‐Marques Renato , Franca Ive Bahia , de Cillo Pedro Ernesto , Alvarenga‐Bezerra Vanessa , Helito Juliana Karassawa , Filho Donato Callegaro , Kim Nam Jin , Ribeiro Reitan
Published: August 2024

Locally advanced cervical cancer poses a significant challenge to fertility‐sparing treatments. Pelvic radiotherapy impairs reproductive potential owing to ovarian, uterine, and endometrial side effects. This study presents a literature review of the main fertility‐sparing therapeutic alternatives for locally advanced cervical cancer and a case report of the first childbirth following uterine transposition for gynecological malignancies.
A case of primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Shimizu Tomomichi , Takahashi Nobuhiro , Okaniwa Aya , Saito Reiko , Kondoh Akio , Yamazaki Fumikazu , Nagase Shunsuke , Nakamura Naoya , Takeuchi Kazuya , Mabuchi Tomotaka
Published: August 2024

A 65‐year‐old Japanese woman with primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma, a rare type with a poor prognosis, is presented. Oral bexarotene and vorinostat were ineffective, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was scheduled. We stress that primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma should be treated with bone marrow transplantation when available.
Presoaking hamstring autograft with vancomycin does not jeopardize its biomechanical properties, including graft elongation, after cyclic loading
Authors: Park Hyung Jun , Yoon Chan , Kang Seung‐Baik , Kim Tae Woo , Chang Chong Bum , Bae Tae Soo , Chang Moon Jong , Kwak Dai‐Soon
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Presoaking the graft with vancomycin before implantation has been shown to reduce the risk of postoperative infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, the effects of presoaking on the graft biomechanical properties remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether presoaking the graft with vancomycin affects the graft biomechanical properties and length after cyclic loading.

Methods

Ten paired (20 specimens) gracilis and semitendinous tendons were harvested from fresh‐frozen human cadaveric specimens. Two tendons were folded in half to make four strands, and the grafts were randomized into the vancomycin and control groups. The graft was exposed to the antibiotic solution for 15 min (5 mg/mL) and prepared by mixing 1 g of vancomycin with 200 mL of normal saline (NaCl 0.9%). The control group was soaked in normal saline for 15 min. The prepared grafts were attached to the actuator of a dynamic tensile‐testing machine. All grafts were tested with 3000 cycles of cyclic loading followed by a pull‐to‐failure. The cyclic loading protocol consisted of position and load control blocks to simulate the graft in vivo in the postoperative phase after ACLR.

Results

Presoaking in vancomycin did not jeopardize the biomechanical properties of the graft. In addition, presoaking with vancomycin did not elongate the grafts. No significant differences were found in the mean Young's modulus and the mean total elongation of the graft of the specimen between the vancomycin group and the control group.

Conclusion

Presoaking the graft with vancomycin jeopardized neither its biomechanical properties nor elongation even after cyclic loading in this in vitro study. It is suggested that vancomycin presoaking could be considered a safe and effective preventive measure for postoperative infections after ACLR.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Perinatal Airway Management Mandibular Anomalies: A National Inpatient Cohort Analysis
Authors: Puricelli Michael D. , Barr Samantha J. , Ellefson Johanna L. , Matabele Maya N. , Nuttall Elle C. , Garcia Gisselle , Huang Sabrina X. , Venkatesh Manasa , Lobeck Inna N.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To characterize incidence of mandibular anomalies (MAs) and compare gestational age, airway interventions, and complications among individuals with MA phenotypes (isolated retrognathia, isolated micrognathia, syndromic micrognathia, micrognathia plus cleft palate/cleft lip and palate, agnathia/micrognathia plus cervical auricle/otocephaly, and agnathia/micrognathia plus microstomia) and unaffected individuals.

Methods

The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database was used to collect data over a 20‐year period beginning in 2000. Interventions were classified as perinatal when performed on day of life (DOL) 0 or 1 and subsequent when performed during the birth hospitalization after DOL 1. Hypoxic complications included cardiac arrest, birth asphyxia, hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, anoxic brain damage, intraventricular hemorrhage or cerebral infarction. Descriptive statistics are reported, and the Rao‐Scott chi‐square test compared groups.

Results

MAs affected 119 per 100,000 birth visits. Preterm delivery was more frequent for all MA phenotypes. Individuals with MA phenotypes are more likely to require medical attention (airway intervention on DOL 0 or 1 OR no airway intervention received but patient sustained hypoxic complication/mortality): 16.2%–70.7% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.01. Despite receipt of airway interventions at a higher rate, collectively individuals with MAs who received an airway intervention on DOL 0 or 1 have a mildly elevated risk of hypoxic complication or mortality (32.4% vs. 26.4%, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Preterm birth is more common, however, does not account for the elevated rate of airway intervention. Individuals with MAs require higher rates of medical attention, and current airway management paradigms are insufficient to prevent complications and mortality.

Level of Evidence

III Laryngoscope, 2024
Featured Front Cover
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Benli , Niu Qinghe , Tan Lihai , Qu Jianjun , Niu Baicheng , Yin Daiying
Published: August 2024

The cover image is based on the article Sediment transportation by strong winds over Gobi surfaces: Field observations along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high‐speed railway by Tao Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5200.

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Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Their Awareness About Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Diabetic Centers of Riyadh City
Authors: Mujamammi Ahmed H. , Sabi Essa M. , Alsaawi Faisal M. , Alfahed Naif A. , Alrajhi Omar A. , Alshaalan Hamad A. , Alqahtani Mohamed F. , Alamer Mohammed A.
Published: August 2024

Aims

Lack of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) awareness both directly and indirectly causes a medical and financial burden worldwide. The objective of this study is to provide new insights, focusing on type 2 diabetics and their knowledge levels about OSA in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to recognize obesity as a common risk factor contributing to OSA in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants.

Methods

An analytical cross‐sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to December 2022 with a convenience sampling method of 386 participants (18 years old and above). The study was done face‐to‐face using an electronic questionnaire. The inclusion criterion was all T2DM patients at the waiting area of KKUH Diabetes Center in Riyadh, excluding participants with other metabolic disorders.

Results

Overall knowledge levels were poor, with 70.2% of participants not knowledgeable about the disease and 81.3% of participants having no knowledge concerning the bidirectional relationship between T2DM and OSA. Statistical significance was found between the risk of developing OSA symptoms and body mass index ≥30 (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

The majority have very little to no knowledge regarding OSA and its bidirectional relationship with T2DM, indicating the need to put more effort into improving participant's awareness in this regard. Moreover, obesity should be considered as a common risk factor, recommending patients to practice healthier habits to minimize the risks and decrease mortality.
Stabilization of nitrite in the presence of the nitrification inhibitor allylthiourea (ATU) in freshwater nitrification rate measurements
Authors: Bosviel Jade , Kitzinger Katharina , Pester Michael
Published: August 2024

Nitrification rate measurements provide critical information on the performance of an environmental process central to the N cycle and are best studied using isotope labeling techniques. However, combining the high sensitivity of isotope labeling techniques with selected inhibition of nitrifiers as a whole or of specific nitrifier guilds has not been established in limnology. This can be achieved with different concentrations of the commonly used nitrification inhibitor allylthiourea (ATU). In the 15N‐ammonium oxidation technique, the converted isotope label is typically captured in an excess pool of 14N‐nitrite. Here, we assessed how different storage conditions affect the stability of the nitrite pool in freshwater samples treated with ATU. When stored frozen, the nitrite pool was rapidly destabilized to 25–31% after 7 d of storage and even to less than 5% after storage exceeding 90 d for samples treated with ATU, thus making them unusable for rate determinations in these cost and labor‐intensive experiments. In comparison, this was not the case in marine samples or freshwater samples not treated with ATU, where the nitrite pool remained stable. Building on these results, we tested two options to stabilize nitrite during the storage of freshwater samples. The nitrite pool was stable if samples were stored at 4°C instead of freezing. We recommend this option for short‐term storage. For long‐term storage, samples should be supplemented with 0.5 mmol L−1 NaCl to increase salinity before freezing. As in marine samples, this stabilized the nitrite pool. Our results provide important guidance for the storage of non‐saline samples used for nitrification rate measurements in freshwater environments.
Bis(phosphinophenyl)amido‐Ligated Binuclear Rare‐Earth Metal Complexes for Highly cis‐1,4‐Selective Polymerization of 1,3‐Conjugated Dienes
Authors: Shen Liying , Zhai Jingjing , Huo Yanchen , Wang Xiuling , Shi Xiaochao
Published: August 2024

A series of binuclear rare‐earth metal complexes based on the ligands containing bis(phosphinophenyl)amido‐PNP unit are successfully synthesized. All the ligands and the corresponding binuclear complexes are fully characterized by NMR spectra (1H, 13C, and 31P). In conjunction with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], all the binuclear complexes exhibited high catalytic activity and high cis‐1,4‐selectivity (>99%) toward the polymerization of 1,3‐conjugated dienes (isoprene, β‐myrcene and β‐farnesene) with excellent livingness at room temperature or even 80 °C.
Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of titanium‐aluminum based alloy during hot compression
Authors: Duan Z. X. , Chen H. , Shen Y. X. , Liu L. P. , Feng X. R. , Song X. L. , Zou H. H. , Han Y. , Ran X. , Chen H.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, titanium‐aluminum based alloy was successfully prepared by introducing titanium powders using powder metallurgy. The experimental results indicated that the microstructures of alloys were composed of the new trititanium‐aluminium layers skeleton and the γ+α2 phases filler, which exhibited excellent compression properties. The compressive strength of the titanium‐aluminum based alloy (10 wt.% titanium) were 509.9 MPa, higher than monolithic Ti‐48Al‐2Cr‐2Nb alloy at 800 °C and 1×10−4 s−1. The deformation mechanism is mainly referred to the motion and rotation of γ+α2 areas and dynamic recrystallization. The γ+α2 areas were surrounded by complete new trititanium‐aluminium layers, which is beneficial to dislocation pile‐up, cross and tangle at grain boundaries, resulting in high strength. Besides, the dislocation pile of γ, α2 phase, and twins in γ phases, are the deformation mechanism in alloys.