bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Objective Structured Clinical Exam to Assess Semiology Skills of Medical Students
Authors: Pereira Vitor Hugo , Morgado Pedro , Gonçalves Mónica , Costa Liliana , Sousa Nuno , Cerqueira João José
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Mastery of history taking and physical exam skills is a key competence of medical students. Objective Structured Clinical Examinations are the gold standard to assess these competencies, but their implementation in Portugal is poorly documented. We describe the implementation and our seven years experience with a high-stakes Objective Structured Clinical Examination to assess these skills in the School of Medicine, University of Minho.Material and Methods: Our Objective Structured Clinical Examination is in place since 2010 and has been subject to continuous improvements, including the adoption of a standard setting procedure and an increase in the number of stations.Results: Grades in our exam are well distributed and discriminate among students. History taking grades are lower and have remained stable throughout the years while physical examination scores have risen. The exam is reliable, with internal consistency above 0.45 and a G-coefficient of 0.74. It is also feasible, with a total testing time of approximately 20 hours for 140 students, and the involvement of 18 standardized patients and 18 faculty assessors. More importantly, it was able to engage the students, who recognize its importance.Discussion: The most important validity criterion of our, and any Objective Structured Clinical Examination, would be predictive validity,the ability to predict the performance of students in the clinical context.Conclusion: Our approach to a high-stakes Objective Structured Clinical Examination shows that it is feasible, reliable, valid and fair and can be implemented with success in the Portuguese setting.
Fifteen Years of Experience from a Medical School’ Clinical Skills Laboratory
Authors: Pêgo José Miguel , Cerqueira João José , Bessa João , Pereira Vitor Hugo , Gomes Sara , Mariz José , Sousa Rita , Morgado Pedro , Sousa Nuno
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Medical Education has evolved being defined as a continuum of the medical training from the pre- to the post-graduate period and through a lifetime of medical practice that is mirrored in the competencies framework that several international institutions have established. This creates a challenge to educational institutions (pre- and post-graduate) that traditionally take separate pathways.Material and Methods: The present report is a description of the efforts carried by the School of Medicine of the University of Minho to implement a strategy of teaching/learning methods that follows modern standards towards constructive alignment of the medical curriculum, from the pre- to the post-graduate. The faculty members responsible for these activities make a narrative self-report of the activities developed and where available quantitative data from participant surveys are presented.Results: In order to achieve a constructive alignment of educational/assessment strategies several steps were taken that focused on the revision of the learning goals, teaching methodologies and assessment strategies. This implicated the investment in the training/certification of faculty, acquisition of simulation tools and a dedicated infrastructure. Alumni were a fundamental cornerstone as voluntary faculty contributing to pre-graduate training, but also training their own scholar skills. Overall, courses are rate with a high rate of satisfaction among course participants.Discussion: Setting up the present teaching/learning environment of the School of Medicine of the University of Minho required a collective effort of the faculty, as well a progressive investment in both acquisition of equipment and training of staff. These human and material efforts, however, lead to an excellent return in learning outcomes.Conclusion: The main conclusion is that the constructive alignment of educational and assessment strategies towards the medical education continuum needs reflective thinking on the learners’ needs. The secondary gain of these initiatives is to provide opportunities for junior doctors to practice teaching.
Brand Equity Analysis of Select Personal Wash Brands Based on Brand Loyalty and Perceptual Selectivity
Authors: Chatterjee Amrita , Lahiri Isita
Published: February 2017

A major part of Marketing is brand building. Once a brand is established in the market it has a positive impact on the sales of the product which is associated with that brand. Now in this process of brand building brand equity becomes the key factor to get the edge over the competitors. Brand equity of FMCG products depends on few factors but here the objective of the study is to analyze brand equity with respect to brand loyalty and perceptual selectivity as the key determinants of brand equity in Indian FMCG market with special reference to some personal wash brands under the category of personal care FMCG products. Some demographic variables are also taken into account to establish the influential effects of these variables on brand equity.
Assessing Factors Affecting Revenue Management in Public Sector: The Case of Halaba Special Woreda Town Administration Ethiopia (SNNPR)
Authors: Tiwari Pankaj
Published: February 2017

Revenue management plays a great role for achieving the national objective of any nation which enhances the economic development and social wellbeing of the society. Even though revenue management has paramount importance for achieving the national goal of any nation, developing countries revenue management including, Ethiopia, is affected by a number of factors. The empirical findings of this research indicates that there are a number of factors that affect revenue management such as, Lack of awareness of tax payers, in adequate assessment of taxable sources, lack of clear operational procedures and so on, this research, thus intended to assess factors affecting public sector revenue management in Halaba special woreda Town administration (SNNPR). The specific objectives of the study are to identify the major factor that affect revenue collection, factors taken into consideration for revenue planning and to know the extent of revenue management mechanism help in  revenue management of Halaba special woreda Town administration. Based on that fact, different literatures concerning the issue were reviewed to achieve these objectives; descriptive research method and stratified sampling were employed to gather data. Primary data were collected using semi structured questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussion and observations. Respondents who have participated in the study were employees (366) a sample of 88 were randomly selected from the Town administration of Halaba special woreda and taxpayers (151) a sample of 67 are randomly selected who have registered in the Inland revenue office, the study employed the Inland revenue management committee members (7) for focus group discussion and 4 from 6 Mayor Committee members for interview purposively selected. The total population of the study was 500 and the total sample size was 166. According to the response of the respondents, the factors that affected revenue management of Halaba special woreda Town administration are poor implementation, poor planning, inadequate assessment of taxable sources, lack of required skill, attitudinal problems of revenue officers, inaccurate information of taxpayers, lack of full automation and lack of awareness of taxpayers. Finally, based on the findings, possible recommendations are suggested, these include, widening the town’s revenue sources base, improving planning and implementing capacity, establishing adequate data base systems, raising continuous awareness for taxpayers, institutionalizing standard accounting system that produces timely and reliable information, encouraging community participation in planning and revenue collection and need for designing the reward system.
Determinants of Stores Choice in Rural Markets: An Empirical Study in Karnataka State
Authors: Sathyanarayana S. , Gargesha Sudhindra
Published: February 2017

The current empirical study entitled “determinants of stores choice in rural markets:  an empirical study in Karnataka state” has been undertaken with an intention to investigate the stores’ loyalty of the rural consumers and the major factors that determine the preference of a particular retail outlet.  To realise the stated objectives the researchers have employed a survey method. A structured questionnaire was used for the collection of the data from 1,600 rural respondents. The validity of the research instrument was adjudged using Cronbach's coefficient (α) and was calculated to test the reliability and internal consistency of the responses. The collected data was tested for the normality and various statistical tools have been employed to analyse the collected data. Based on the analysis of the study a brief summary of findings have been made and a meaningful conclusion has been drawn. Finally the results have been compared with the possible evidence. The study revealed that majority of the rural consumer respondents purchase their entire FMCG requirement in one shop and majority of the rural consumers seek clarification (case-on-case basis) from the retailer before purchasing the product. We found a significant difference in the nature of clarification made by the rural consumer to the retailer.  There is a significant influence of the distance to the nearest town of the rural consumer and the passing of benefits by the retailer to the rural consumers and there is a significant relationship in the reasons offered by occasional and consistent categories of retailers who do not pass benefits to rural consumers.
Digitalization in India: A Needed Gadget for Business Environment
Authors: Subramanyachary P.
Published: February 2017

This paper brings to light the importance, challenges and advantages of digitalization in India. Digitalization refers the adoption or increase in use of digital or computer technology by an organization, industry, country, etc. The relative close word Digitization refers an object, image, sound, document or a signal by generating a series of numbers that describe a discrete set of its points.  In the world the digital economy is the new productivity platform which is regarded as the third industrial revolution. India is an initiative of the Central Government of India “designed to transform India into a global digitized hub” by reviving a rundown digital sector of India with the help of improving digital connectivity and skill enhancement and various other incentives to make the country digitally empowered in the field of technology. The Union Government in 2016 announced 11 technology initiatives that include the use data analytics to nab tax evaders, creating a substantial opportunity for IT companies to build out the systems that will be required. But the initiatives are suffering from lacks many components like lack of legal framework, absence of privacy  and data protection laws, hindrances to civil liberties, lack of parliamentary oversight for e-surveillance in India,  lack of intelligence related reforms in India, insecurity of Indian cyberspace, etc. It is mandatory that economy has to push merits of Digitalization and check the problems arise from digitalization. In the era of Globalization transactions are increasing. Hence, digitalization is to be given priority for both quick and transparent business transactions.
KUALITAS KARKAS, MARBLING, KOLESTEROL DAGING DAN KOMPONEN NON KARKAS SAPI BALI YANG DIBERI PAKAN KULIT BUAH KAKAO FERMENTASI
Authors: Suryanto Edi , Bulkaini Bulkaini , Soeparno Soeparno , Karda I Wayan
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas karkas, marbling dan kandungan kolesteroldaging serta komponen non karkas sapi Bali Jantan yang diberi pakan mengandung kulit buah kakao (KBK)fermentasi. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 8 ekor sapi Bali jantan berumur 1,5-2 tahundan berat badan 162,52±13,51 kg. Sapi Bali dibagi secara acak ke dalam 2 kelompok perlakuan pakan.Kelompok I diberi pakan yang mengandung 30% konsentrat komersial dan 70% jerami jagung, sedangkankelompok II diberi pakan yang mengandung 30% konsentrat (15% KBK fermentasi bioplus dan 15%konsentrat komersial) dan 70% jerami jagung. Sapi digemukkan selama 2 bulan dan dipotong pada akhirperlakuan pakan serta dianalisis kualitas karkas, marbling dan kandungan kolesterol daging dan komponennon karkasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pakan tidak memberikan perbedaan yangnyata pada kualitas karkas, marbling dan kandungan kolesterol serta komponen non karkas sapi Bali.Persentase karkas, tebal lemak punggung, rib eye area dan indeks perdagingan sapi Bali kelompok Iberturut-turut adalah 54,76%, 2,80 mm, 61,79 cm2, 0,94%, sedangkan kelompok II berturut-turut adalah53,77%, 2,68 mm, 61 ,01 cm2, 0,91 %. Tingkat marbling dan kadar kolesterol sapi Bali kelompok I berturutturut adalah 3,91 % dan 85,00 mg/100g dan kelompok II berturut-turut adalah 3,43% dan 76,75 mg/100g.Kesimpulan hasil penelitian adalah bahwa kulit buah kakao yang difermentasi dengan bioplus dapatdigunakan untuk mensubstitusi penggunaan konsentrat komersial padapakan sapi Bali dan menghasilkankualitas karkas dan marbling daging sapi Bali yang tidak berbeda dengan sapi Bali yang mendapat pakankontrol.
DAYA SAING USAHA PENGGEMUKAN SAPI POTONG PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Lestari Retna Dewi , Baga Lukman Mohammad , Nurmalina Rita
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the competitiveness on beef cattle fattening small scale business in Bojonegoro. Data processing quantitative methods using PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix). Analysis of competitiveness calculated by the approach of comparative advantage (Domestic Resources Cost Ratio) and competitive advantage (Private Cost Ratio), based on the results of the research value of the DRC and PCR respectively 1,04 and 1,05, this result shows that fattening beef cattle in Bojonegoro not competitive. Policy implications that can be applied in order fattening beef cattle in Bojonegoro competitiveness is to increase ADBW (Added Daily Body Weight) amounted to 17,33 percent, equivalent to 0,11 kg per day from the previous ADBW  0,55 kg per day, one attempts to do is the provision of input quality feed and concentrates, as well as the necessary counseling to farmers about the importance of quality feed and to improve the ability of farmers needed training and assistance from the Government of Bojonegoro.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TANIN DAUN NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus) TERHADAP NILAI BIOLOGIS DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) DAN JERAMI KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata) SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Wahyono Teguh , Sasongko Wahidin Teguh , Sholihah Maratus , Pikoli Megga Ratnasari
Published: February 2017

Nutrien daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan jerami kacang hijau (Vigna radiata) sebagai hijauan pakan ternak cukup berkualitas sehingga perlu diproteksi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaannya di dalam rumen. Daun nangka mengandung total tanin sebesar 7,08%, sehingga potensial digunakansebagai bahan untuk memproteksi bahan pakan sumber protein. Studi in vitro perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan tepung daun nangka untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaan hijauan berupa daun kelor dan jerami kacang hijau. Tujuan dari studi yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahuipengaruh penambahan tepung daun nangka terhadap nilai biologis daun kelor dan jerami kacang hijau. Evaluasi produksi metana juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi proses fermentasi. Perlakuan penelitian adalah: 1) jerami kacang hijau; 2) jerami kacang hijau + 0,7% daun nangka; 3) jerami kacanghijau + 1 ,4% daun nangka; 4) daun kelor; 5) daun kelor + 0,7% daun nangka; 6) daun kelor + 1 ,4% daun nangka. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap produksi gas total (inkubasi ke-0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, dan 24 jam),konsentrasi gas metana (%), karakteristik produksi gas dan karakteristik produk fermentasi rumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung daun nangka tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi gas total, produksi gas maksimum dan laju degradasi kedua jenis hijauan pakan. Penambahan 0,7 dan1,4% tepung daun nangka dapat menurunkan konsentrasi gas metana daun kelor berturut-turut sebesar 4,93% dan 3,19%. Penambahan tepung daun nangka juga mampu meningkatkan rasio CO2:CH4 substrat jerami kacang hijau masing-masing sebesar 4,42 dan 6,49%. Tepung daun nangka juga tidakmemberikan efek negatif terhadap produk fermentasi rumen (pH, NH3, VFA total, dan degradasi bahan organik).
Identifikasi Galur-galur Elit Padi (Oryza sativa) untuk Tetua Padi Hibrida
Authors: Nugraha Yudhistira , Lubis E. , Diredja M.
Published: February 2017

Abstract

One of the efforts to increase rice yield is through hybrid rice production. Hybrid rice has now been commercialized in Indonesia. The parental lines of the hybrids developed in Indonesia mostly came from introduced lines. Those lines were more susceptible to stresses, especially to pests and diseases, that make the yield of the hybrid fluctuated and wasn’t stable. Hence, it is needed to develop hybrid variety using Indonesian parental line which were well adapted to Indonesia. Therefore, identification of those lines is needed. In the last four seasons 2000/01 WS until 2002 DS, 1471 lines have been test-crossed in Muara experimental station, Bogor. Out of 2769 hybrids developed from 1471 parental lines, 18.1%, 74.5%, and 7.1% were fertile, partial fertile or partial sterile and sterile, respectivively. The frequency of fertile plants tested in the observation yield trail was 3.4% and only 0.7% of sterile plants were continued in the backcross program for new cytoplasmic male-sterile line development. Several number of lines identified as restorer lines were progenies of popular variety, namely IR64 and IR36. While those six lines which identified as maintainer line came from crosser of Ptb 33 and IR3043.

Abstrak

Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatan hasil padi adalah dengan penanaman varietas hibrida. Saat ini di Indonesia mulai menerapkan teknologi padi hibrida secara komersial. Padi hibrida yang berkembang di Indonesia berasal dari galur-galur tetua hasil introduksi. Biasanya galur-galur tetua introduksi lebih peka terhadap perubahan kondisi lingkungan terutama hama dan penyakit, sehingga hasilnya lebih berfluktuasi dan tidak stabil. Dengan demikian perlu dirakit varietas padi hibrida dengan menggunakan galur padi hasil pemuliaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Padi (Balitpa) yang telah beradaptasi baik di Indonesia. Galur-galur tersebut perlu diidentifikasi sebelum digunakan sebagai tetua padi hibrida dengan cara diuji silang. Selama empat musim, yaitu MH 2000/2001sampai MK 2002, sebanyak 1471 galur diuji silang di Inlitpa Muara, Bogor. Sebanyak 2769 hibrida hasil uji silang dengan 1471 galur tetua teridentifikasi 18,1%, 74,5%, dan 7,1% berturut-turut fertil, parsial fertil atau steril, dan steril. Sebanyak 3,4% tanaman fertil dilanjutkan ke pertanaman observasi daya hasil dan hanya 0,7% tanaman steril yang dilanjutkan ke program silang balik untuk pembentukan galur mandul jantan baru. Sebanyak 16 galur yang teridentifikasi sebagai galur pemulih kesuburan berasal dari keturunan varietas populer IR64 dan IR36. Sementara itu enam galur yang teridentifikasi sebagai galur pelestari mandul jantan berasal dari persilangan Ptb 33 dan IR3043.
Karakterisasi Plasma Nutfah Mentimun
Authors: Suryadi NFN , Luthfy NFN , Kusandriani Yenni , Gunawan NFN
Published: February 2017

Abstact

Caharcterization of Cucumis sativus germplasms was done to get the description of plant character for the breeder to use as “Working Collection” materials which were useful in breeding programme. Characterization was done on 23 accessions of Cucumis sativus germplasm planted at Subang station (100 m asl) during dry season 2003. Twenty seeds of each accession planted in a plot with planting distance of 70 x 40 cm. The description of Cucumis sativus germplasms had been done. Six accessions of Cucumis sativus were selected for Working Collection based on fruits quality and resistance to environmental stresser.

Abstrak

Karakterisasi plasma nutfah mentimun dilakukan untuk mendapatkan deskripsi sifat untuk dipilih oleh pemulia sebagai bahan “koleksi kerja” yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam program pemuliaan. Karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap 23 aksesi plasma nutfah mentimun yang ditanam di Kebun Percobaan Subang (100 m dpl) pada MK 2003, masing-masing aksesi ditanam 20 biji per petak dengan jarak tanam 70 x 40 cm. Deskripsi plasma nutfah mentimun tersebut dibuat untuk dimanfaatkan dalam upaya mendapatkan kultivar unggul baru. Dari hasil karakterisasi terpilih enam aksesi mentimun sebagai koleksi kerja pemulia berdasarkan kualitas buah dan ketahanan terhadap cekaman lingkungan.
Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Mutu Buah Mengkudu
Authors: Djauhariya Endjo , Rahardjo Mono , Ma'mun NFN
Published: February 2017

The characterization of indian mulberry or noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) was conducted in some areas of Java in May to December 2003 to study their morfological and quality variations. It was found that there were seven distinct groups of noni types. Base on fruit size, there were two distinguished groups; types with big fruits (Types 1, 2, 4, and 5), and types with small fruits (types 3, 6, and 7). Big fruit had higher extract concentration than small fruit. Type 4 was seed less, had in highest juice percentage. The seed less type was rare and only found in Surakartya and Semarang in a limited population. The types widely grown throughout the entire survey areas. The type 5 has highest fruit weight, its fruits grew in cluster, it was found in Malingping and Tasikmalaya. Base on fruits taste, none could be grouped into two groups: fruits with sour-sweet taste and fruit with bitter taste. All types which grew near the beach had bitter taste. The bitter fruits did not fall when they were ripe, whereas the sour-sweet fruits fall at the some of ripening.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian dilakukan di sentra pertanaman mengkudu di Jawa Barat (Ciampea, Cipaku, Jasinga, Tasikmalaya), Banten (tepi pantai Malingping), Jawa Tengah (Surakarta, Semarang, Yogyakarta), dan di Jawa Timur (Lamongan) pada bulan Mei- Desember 2003, untuk mengetahui ciri-ciri morfologi dan mutu buah mengkudu. Telah diperoleh tujuh tipe mengkudu dengan perbedaan sifat-sifat morfologi, fisiologi, dan mutu buahnya. Perbedaan tipe mengkudu yang mencolok adalah bentuk, ukuran, rasa, dan rendemen daging buah. Dari ketujuh tipe tersebut terdapat dua tipe yang berukuran buah besar (tipe 1, 2, 4, dan 5), dan tipe berukuran buah kecil (tipe 3, 6, dan 7). Tipe mengkudu yang ukuran buahnya besar, rendemen jus dan daging buahnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang buahnya berukuran kecil. Dari tipe berukuran buah besar terdapat satu tipe berbiji sedikit yang dianggap seed less, yaitu tipe 4, sehingga rendemen daging buahnya tinggi. Tipe seed less termasuk langka, karena hanya ditemukan di Surakarta dan Semarang dengan populasi terbatas. Tipe yang mempunyai daerah penyebaran luas adalah tipe 1, ditemukan di tepi pantai hingga ketinggian 600 m dpl. Tipe 5 bobot buahnya paling tinggi, buah bercabang, ditemukan di Malingping dan Tasikmalaya. Rasa daging buah, dapat dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu asam manis dan pahit. Semua tipe yang tumbuh di tepi pantai rasa buahnya pahit, dan setelah masak buahnya tidak langsung jatuh. Kelompok yang mempunyai rasa buah tidak pahit, buah tidak langsung jatuh setelah masak.
Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Genetik Tanaman Obat Spesifik Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Krismawati Amik , Sabran M.
Published: February 2017

Central Kalimantan Province covers an area of 15,38 million ha which consist of 61,140 ha coastal region, 1,53 million ha open waters, and 13,79 million ha as inland area. The continental area consisted of various type of lands e.g. acid sulphate, peats soil, and up land. In order to explore and conserve potential medicinal plants indigenous to Central Kalimantan, these exploration and characterization activities were conducted. Method of study: (1) exploration, (2) ex situ conservation, (3) characterization, and (4) documentation. The result of these activities are ex situ collection of 15 acessions of medicinal crops. This exploration obtained 15 accessions of medicinal plants which were characterized and conserved in ex situ condition.

 

Abstrak

Kalimantan Tengah memiliki luas wilayah 15,38 juta ha yang terdiri dari 61,1 ribu ha daerah pantai, 1,53 juta ha daerah perairan umum, dan 17,79 juta ha daratan. Wilayah daratan yang luas ini terdiri atas berbagai tipologi lahan seperti lahan sulfat masam, gambut, dan lahan kering. Untuk menggali potensi dan melestarikan plasma nutfah tanaman obat spesifik Kalimantan Tengah telah dilaksanakan kegiatan eksplorasi dan karakterisasi. Dari kegiatan ini dapat disusun deskripsi berbagai jenis tanaman tersebut untuk inventarisasi, karakterisasi, dan koleksi tanaman obat secara ex situ dalam bentuk kebun pembibitan. Metode kegiatan meliputi (1) eksplorasi, (2) konservasi ex situ, (3) karakterisasi, dan (4) dokumentasi. Hasil kegiatan adalah koleksi secara ex situ tanaman obat sebanyak 15 aksesi.
Ekologi dan Potensi Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus Kurz.) di Kelompok Hutan Sungai Tuan-Sungai Suruk, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Heriyanto N. M. , Garsetiasih R.
Published: February 2017

Ecological and potential study of ramin was conducted in September 2002. Sampling plot of 20 meters x 1,000 meters with distance between plots was 1 km with total transect of three. Observation within the transect were on stage of tree, pole, sapling and seedling measured. Predominant species were Gluta renghas, Kingiodendron sp., and Shorea spp. The tree stages of ramin was 1.48 tree/ha, poles stage 33.75 individual/ ha, sapling stage 125 individual/ha, and seedling stage 468.75 individual/ha. Ramin was closely related to Kingiodendron sp., G. renghas, and Mezzettia parviflora. However, this species did not associate with Litsea sp., Dryobalanops abnormis, and Canarium caudatum. The habitat of ramin was peat swamp forest with the depth of more than 3 m and influenced by tide but the water remain unsalted.

 

Abstrak

Untuk mengetahui ekologi dan potensi jenis ramin (G. bancanus) di habitat alamnya dilakukan penelitian pada bulan September 2002. Penelitian menggunakan satuan contoh berupa jalur dengan lebar 20 m, panjang 1.000 m dengan jumlah pengamatan 3 jalur dan jarak antar jalur 1 km. Pada jalur ini dilakukan pengukuran semai, pancang, tiang, dan pohon. Jenis tumbuhan yang mendominasi tegakan di kelompok hutan Sungai Tuan-Sungai Suruk adalah Gluta renghas (rengas), Kingiodendron sp. (sempetir), dan Shorea spp. (meranti). Ramin memiliki kelimpahan 1,48 pohon/ha untuk tingkat pohon, 33,75 individu/ha untuk tingkat tiang, 125 individu/ha untuk tingkat pancang, dan 468,75 individu/ha untuk tingkat semai. Jenis-jenis yang berasosiasi kuat dengan ramin adalah Kingiodendron sp. (sempetir), Gluta renghas (rengas), dan Mezzettia parviflora (pisang-pisang). Sedangkan jenis yang berasosiasi tidak kuat dengan ramin adalah Litsea sp. (medang), Dryobalanops abnormis (kelansau), dan Canarium caudatum (kenari hutan). Habitat ramin adalah hutan rawa gambut yang umumnya mempunyai kedalaman lebih dari 3 m yang terpengaruh oleh pasang surut tetapi airnya tidak pernah asin.
Karakteristik Empat Aksesi Nilam
Authors: Nuryani Yang
Published: February 2017

Characterization of four accessions of patchouli was conducted to obtain the information of characteristics to be utilized for future breeding program. The experiment was conducted in three locations namely Ciamis, Cimanggu, and Sukamulya. Four accessions of patchouli namely 0003, 0007, 0012, and 0013 were tested in a randomized block design with five replications, plant spacing of 100 x 50 cm, and 100 plants/plot. The plant were first harvested six month after planting and the 2nd harvested four months after the 1st harvested. The observation were made before the first harvested on morphological characters, production, oil content, and oil quality. The result showed that some of morphological characters such as plant height, accessions of primary and secondary branches, length of primary and secondary branches, length and widh of leaf as weel as numbers of leaves on primary branches on accession of 0012 were higher than that of another three accessions. The highest production of dry terna (13,278 t/ha) and patchouli alcohol content (33,3%) was observed on accession 0012, while the highest oil content (3,2%) on accession 0007. The main morphological characters that can be used to identify those accessions of patchouli was the colour of stem, accessions 0012 was green with slight purple, 0003 and 0007 more purple, and 0012 dark purple.

 

Abstrak

Karakteriasi empat aksesi nilam bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai karakter nilam dan pemanfaatannya dalam pemuliaan tanaman di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi, yaitu Ciamis, Cimanggu, dan Sukamulya. Aksesi 0003, 0007, 0012, dan 0013 dikarakterisasi dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima ulangan, jarak tanam 100 x 50 cm, 100 tanaman per petak. Panen pertama dilakukan pada umur 6 bulan dan panen kedua 4 bulan setelah panen pertama. Pengamatan dilakukan sebelum panen pertama. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakter morfologi, hasil, kadar, dan mutu minyak, serta ketahanan terhadap penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang primer/ sekunder, panjang cabang primer/sekunder, panjang dan lebar daun, dan jumlah daun per cabang primer aksesi 0012 lebih tinggi daripada ketiga aksesi lainnya. Produktivitas terna kering (13,278 t/ha) dan kadar patchouli alkohol (33,3%) tertinggi diberikan oleh aksesi 0012, sedangkan kadar minyak tertinggi (3,2%) ditunjukkan oleh aksesi 0007. Karakter morfologi yang membedakan aksesi-aksesi tersebut terutama adalah warna batang tua. Aksesi 0012 memiliki batang tua berwarna hijau dengan sedikit ungu, sementara aksesi 0003 dan aksesi 0007 lebih ungu dan aksesi 0012 paling ungu.
Kajian Ekologi dan Potensi Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) di Kelompok Hutan Sungai Manna-Sungai Nasal, Bengkulu
Authors: Heriyanto N. M. , Sawitri Reny , Subiandono Endro
Published: February 2017

The study indicated that 88 species found belonged to 29 families. The predominant species was Shorea parvifolia (meranti) and Dipterocarpus costulatus (keruing). The highest dominance value belonged to second transect (0,0998) and the lowest dominant value was the fourth transect (0,0526). The highest diversity index value belonged to fifth transect (2,28) and the lowest of diversity index value was fourth transect (1,41). The abundance of pasak bumi was different in transect, for trees level it was 2 individuals/ha (first transect and third transect), however, in the second, fourth and fifth transect were none. For belta level, it was 10 individuals/ha (the first transect), 20 individuals/ha (the third transect) and 20 individuals/ ha (the fifth transect), while in the second and fourth transect were none. For seedling level it was 280 individuals/ ha (the third transect), 60 individuals/ha (the fourth transect) and 100 individuals/ha (the fifth transect), while in the first and the second were none. This intolerant species was adapted in slope and dry areas. The rarity of pasak bumi was not affecting local people because they were seldom used for traditional medicine.

 

Abstrak

Dari hasil penelitian dijumpai 88 jenis tumbuhan yang termasuk ke dalam 29 famili. Jenis tumbuhan yang mendominasi tegakan adalah Shorea parvifolia (meranti) dan Dipterocarpus costulatus (keruing). Nilai dominansi tertinggi tingkat pohon dimiliki oleh jalur II (0,0998) dan terendah pada jalur IV (0,0526). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis tertinggi di tingkat ini dimiliki oleh jalur V (2,28) dan terendah pada jalur IV (1,41). Kelimpahan pasak bumi pada setiap jalur berbeda-beda, untuk tingkat pohon adalah 2 pohon/ha pada jalur I dan jalur III. Pada jalur II, IV, dan V tidak dijumpai jenis pohon pasak bumi. Pada tingkat belta dijumpai 10 individu/ha pada jalur I, 20 individu/ha pada jalur III, dan 20 individu/ha pada jalur V. Pada jalur II dan IV tidak dijumpai jenis pasak bumi. Pada tingkat semai dijumpai 280 individu/ha pada jalur III, 60 individu/ ha pada jalur IV, dan jalur V memiliki kelimpahan 100 individu/ha. Pada jalur I dan II tidak dijumpai jenis pasak bumi. Tempat tumbuh yang disukai oleh pasak bumi adalah tanah miring dan tidak pernah tergenang air. Tumbuhan muda tidak toleran pada cahaya langsung. Ancaman terhadap kelangkaan pasak bumi di Bengkulu tidak terlalu merisaukan karena masyarakat setempat jarang yang memanfaatkannya untuk obat tradisional.

 
Plasma Nutfah Jagung sebagai Sumber Gen dalam Program Pemuliaan
Authors: Budiarti Sri Gajatri
Published: February 2017

In December 2005, maize germplasm collection at the institute were 886 accessions consisted of 581 local varieties, 165 introduced varieties, 107 inbred, lines, and 33 old and the present improved varieties. Required traits in varietal improvement or development are drought tolerant, tolerant to Al-toxicity, early maturity, have better quality, resistant to downy mildew disease, resistant to insect Atherigona exigua and high yield. Maize germplasm must be characterized accordingly. Evaluation for Al toxicity was conducted at Tamanbogo, Lampung, 100-200 accessions of maize germplasm and tolerance to drought were conducted in Jakenan and Imogiri Central Java, 63-100 accessions. Evaluation for downy mildew resistance was conducted at Cikeumeuh Bogor, 100-200 accessions. Evaluation for resistance to seedingfly was conducted at Cikeumeuh, 75-100 accessions. The results of evaluation conducted from 1999-2004 were: 30 accessions tolerant to drought, 21 accessions. tolerant to Al-toxicity, 70 accessions resistant to downy mildew disease (Peronosclerospora maydis), 22 accessions resistant to seeding fly (Atherigona exigua), 126 accessions had very early maturity <80 days (consisted of 31 accessions had yellow seed, 35 accessions had white seed, and 60 accessions had other colour seed). Accessions having good characters, need to be further tested prior to their use in the breeding program, particularly the accessions resistant to Atherigona exigua in monoculture test.

 

Abstrak

Sampai Desember 2005 koleksi plasma nutfah jagung di bank gen BB-Biogen berjumlah 886 aksesi yang terdiri dari 581 varietas lokal, 165 varietas introduksi, 107 galur inbrida, dan 33 varietas unggul lama dan baru. Sifat-sifat yang diinginkan dalam perakitan varietas antara lain adalah toleran kekeringan dan keracunan Al, berumur genjah, mutu gizi baik, dan tahan terhadap penyakit bulai, hama lalat bibit, dan hasil tinggi. Untuk tujuan tersebut, plasma nutfah perlu dikarakterisasi dan dievaluasi. Uji toleransi keracunan Al dilakukan di Tamanbogo, Lampung terhadap 100-200 aksesi. Uji kekeringan dilakukan di Jakenan dan Imogiri, Jawa Tengah terhadap 63-100 aksesi. Uji ketahanan penyakit bulai dilakukan di Cikeumeuh, Bogor terhadap 100-200 aksesi. Pengujian ketahanan terhadap lalat bibit dilakukan di Cikeumeuh terhadap 75-100 aksesi. Hasil pengujian sejak tahun 1999-2007 diperoleh informasi sebagai berikut: sebanyak 30 aksesi mempunyai sifat toleran terhadap kekeringan, 21 aksesi toleran keracunan Al, 70 aksesi sangat tahan penyakit bulai (Peronosclerospora maydis), dan 22 aksesi tahan terhadap hama lalat bibit (Atherigona exigua), 126 aksesi berumur sangat genjah (<80 hari). Aksesi-aksesi tersebut perlu diuji kembali kemantapan sifatnya sebelum digunakan dalam program pemuliaan, khususnya untuk aksesi yang tahan hama lalat bibit perlu diuji secara monokultur.
Pengelolaan Plasma Nutfah Jambu Mete dan Kakao di Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Sulle Ahmad
Published: February 2017

Cashew and cocoa are main commodities in South-East Sulawesi. Main problem of cocoa is cocoa pod borer (CPB) which to date, no effective control was found. Used of resistant variety is recommended control measure. The result of individual identification in field were: BPTP.R1.97, BPTP.R2.97, BPTP.R3.97, BPTP.W1.97, BPTP.W2.97, and BPTP.W3.97 resistant to CPB. Others having high yield i.e.: GC 7, ICS 60, ICS 13, UIT 1, Pa 300, TSH 858, RCC 70, RCC 71, RCC 72, and RCC 73. The result of side grafting trial at smallholder plantation the best clones were UIT-1, Na-32, ICS-13, Pa-7, RCC-70, RCC71, and BR-25. It is recommended for enters to side grafting the control to CBB. Problem of Cashew farming is low productivity and rainfall fluctuation. Individual selection on muna type 95 accessions were high productivity and 28 of the other were tolerant to rainfall fluctuation. Sixty two cashew accessions were collected. Six accessions were planted in commercial plantation. Superior clones of cocoa and cashew nut will be used for new planting and rehabilitation of old crop.

 

Abstrak

Jambu mete dan kakao merupakan komoditas unggulan di Sulawesi Tenggara. Masalah utama pada kakao adalah serangan hama penggerek buah kakao (PBK) yang sampai saat ini belum ditemukan cara penanggulangan yang efektif dan efisien. Pilihan utama yang prospektif adalah menggunakan bahan tanam yang tahan. Hasil identifikasi di lapang ditemukan individu BPTP.R1.97, BPTP.R2.97, BPTP.R3.97, BPTP.W1.97. BPTP.W2.97, dan BPTP.W3.97 yang tahan terhadap hama PBK. Selain itu, telah dianjurkan menanam GC 7, ICS 60, ICS 13, UIT 1, Pa 300, TSH 858, RCC 70, RCC 71, RCC 72, dan RCC 73. Uji sambung samping kakao di pertanaman rakyat menghasilkan 7 nomor yang memiliki daya sambung amat baik dan baik yaitu UIT-1, Na-32, ICS-13, Pa-7, RCC-70, RCC71, dan BR-25. Masalah pada usahatani mete adalah produktivitas rendah dan berfluktuasi karena curah hujan yang tinggi. Dari seleksi individu pada tipe muna ditemukan 95 nomor berproduksi tinggi dan 28 nomor di antaranya toleran terhadap fluktuasi curah hujan. Koleksi Jambu mete mengsilkan 62 nomor aksesi. Enam nomor yang diunggulkan ditanam dalam kebun entres komersil. Klon-klon unggul kakao dan mete tersebut layak digunakan sebagai bahan tanam untuk pengembangan baru dan merehabilitasi tanaman tua.
Seleksi Galur Kentang dari Progeni Hasil Persilangan
Authors: Kusmana NFN , Sofiari Eri
Published: February 2017

Selection of progenies and lines of potato. Selection was performed at Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), Lembang (1250 asl) in 2006. Seven F1 progenies resulted from previous crossing were grown with population ranging from 50 to 200 seedlings. From the tuber yield had been selected 183 accessions. Out of these selected accessions, 173 accessions were planted with population ranging from 5 to 30 tubers. There were 55 lines showed promising as selected based on tuber yield that more than 300 g/plant, shallow to medium depth of tuber eyes, medium to large tuber size and good taste. There were four lines showed good quality for potato chips.

 

Abstrak

Seleksi dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1250 m dpl) pada tahun 2006. Tujuh progeni F1 hasil persilangan ditanam dengan populasi 50-200 tanaman. Hasil seleksi pertama terpilih 183 aksesi, kemudian yang berhasil ditanam kembali sebanyak 173 aksesi. Tiap aksesi ditanam 5-30 umbi. Hasil seleksi kedua terpilih 55 galur dengan hasil lebih tinggi dari 300 g/tanaman, mata umbi dangkal dan medium, ukuran umbi relatif besar, dan rasa enak. Empat galur di antaranya sangat cocok untuk dijadikan bahan baku kripik kentang.
Analisis Stabilitas Hasil Ubi 27 Genotipe Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban) di Jatinangor Jawa Barat Berdasarkan Model AMMI
Authors: Nusifera Sosiawan , Kurniawan Agung
Published: February 2017

Research aimed at estimating yield stability of 27 yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban) genotypes in Jatinangor was conducted at dry and rain seasons at the experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture Unpad, Jatinangor. Field trials at dry season was started from February to August 2006 and at rain season started from November 2006 to May 2007. Field plot consisted of four sets arranged in Randomized Block Design with 27 genotypes collected from various Indonesia regions and its ancestor from Central and South America as treatment and replicated twice. The four field trial sets were differed based on season and reproductive pruning treatment and considered as four different environment. Character observed was tuber weight per plant (g). Data was analysed with AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction). Result indicated that B-23/EC040 was highest yielding genotype, but less stable. In contrast, B-33/J, B-26/NS, B-10/EC550, and B-94/ENT were moderate yielded but had higher level of stability. Environment IV (rain season; pruning) was good environment where genotypic variation seemed more consistent with B-23/EC040 as best genotype. Best genotype in discriminating environment (I) was B-55/CJ, and in environment II was B-80/ENT. Whereas in Less discriminating environment III, B-15/EC104 was the best genotype

Abstrak

Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas hasil dari 27 genotipe bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban) telah dilakukan pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Unpad, Jatinangor. Percobaan pada musim kemarau berlangsung sejak Februari-Agustus 2006 dan percobaan pada musim hujan berlangsung sejak November 2006-Mei 2007. Percobaan terdiri atas empat set, masing-masing disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 27 genotipe bengkuang yang dikoleksi dari berbagai wilayah Indonesia dan genotipe leluhurnya dari Amerika Tengah dan Selatan sebagai perlakuan dan diulang dua kali. Empat set percobaan tersebut dibedakan berdasarkan kombinasi musim dan perlakuan pemangkasan sink reproduktif, atau representasi dari empat lingkungan yang berbeda. Karakter yang diamati adalah bobot ubi per tanaman. Data dianalisis dengan model AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan B-23/EC040 adalah genotipe berdaya hasil tertinggi, namun kurang stabil. Sebaliknya, B-33/J, B-26/NS, B-10/EC550, dan B-94/ENT adalah genotipe dengan hasil di atas rata-rata namun memiliki stabilitas yang lebih tinggi. Lingkungan IV (musim hujan dengan pemangkasan) adalah lingkungan baik di mana variasi genotipe terlihat lebih konsisten dengan B-23/EC040 sebagai genotipe terbaik. Genotipe terbaik pada lingkungan I adalah B-55/CJ, pada lingkungan II B-80/ENT, dan pada lingkungan III B-15/EC104.
Karakterisasi Kangkung (Ipomoea reptans) Varietas Sutera Berdasarkan Panduan Pengujian Individual
Authors: Sofiari Eri
Published: February 2017

Characterization of kangkung variety Sutera was carried out in Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), Experimental Garden, Lembang 1.250 m asl, West Java. The objective of this study was to identify and compare the important characters of kangkung Sutera variety and Mahar variety. Experimental design used was randomized complete block design, with three replication. Each entry consist of 90 plants/ plot. The result of the experiment shown that seven of 31 characters belong to Sutera were different to Mahar variety. Those phenotype are includes length of node, diameter of the 5th to the 7th node, shape of leaf attach to the stem, the length of expanded leaf, The length of leaf petiole, shape of flower margin, and the stigma.

 

Abstrak

Karakterisasi kangkung Sutera telah dilaksanakan di Kebun Pecobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1.250 m diatas permukaan laut), Jawa Barat. Tujuan dari pengujian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi varietas Sutera menggunakan acuan Panduan Pengujian Individual (PPI) dengan pembanding varietas Mahar. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan, dan setiap petak ditanami 90 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan tujuh karakter antara varietas Sutera dengan varietas Mahar. Ketujuh karakter tersebut adalah panjang ruas, diameter ruas ke-5, 6, dan 7, bentuk bagian daun yang melekat pada batang, ukuran daun dewasa, panjang tangkai daun, bentuk tepi bunga, dan posisi kepala putik.
Pangasiid Catfishes of Indonesia
Authors: Gustiano Rudhy
Published: February 2017

Pangasiidae are economically important riverine catfishes generally occurring in freshwater from the Indian subcontinent to the Indonesian Archipelago. Morphologically, they are recognized by a laterally compressed body, two pairs of barbels, a short dorsal fin with two spines, a well developed adipose fin, a long anal fin, and a strong pectoral spine. The systematics of this family are still poorly known. Consequently, the lack of this basic information is a great barrier in understanding the biology and hence the study of the aquaculture potential of species, the improvement of their seed production and growth performance. Objectives of the study are to present all species and genera of pangasiid catfishes of Indonesia including their distribution and detailed identification.

 

Abstrak

Kelompok ikan pangasius atau pangasiidae merupakan jenis penting ikan “catfish” (bersungut) yang hidup di air tawar dan tersebar dari daratan India hingga kepulauan Indonesia. Secara umum ikan ini memiliki bentuk tubuh memanjang dan ramping, dua pasang sungut, sirip punggung yang relatif pendek dengan dua duri keras, sirip lunak tambahan yang berkembang sempurna sebagai pengontrol renang, dan tulang sirip dada yang kuat. Secara sistematik, kelompok ikan pangasius masih belum dikenal secara baik. Oleh karena itu, kurangnya informasi dasar yang dimiliki pada kelompok ikan ini merupakan hambatan utama untuk memahami sifat-sifat biologinya, pengembangan budidayanya, produksi benih, dan perbaikan keragaannya. Tujuan dari studi yang dilakukan adalah untuk menyajikan semua spesies dan genus ikan pangasius yang ada di Indonesia mencakup distribusi, sebaran, dan kunci identifikasinya secara detail.
Marka Mikrosatelit sebagai Alternatif Uji BUSS dalam Perlindungan Varietas Tanamam Padi
Authors: Moeljopawiro Sugiono
Published: February 2017

This study was conducted at the
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic
Resources Research and Development to seek the feasibility of
using SSR markers for DUS testing in rice variety. Released
variety Fatmawati together with seven other reference varieties
were analyzed using genetic analyzer for their variability, ten
SSR markers were used. Hundred and twenty five alleles
located on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, and 11 were detected
in eight varieties studied, where the number of alleles ranging
from 6 (BPC) to 33 (Fatmawati), with the predominant
markers such as RM11 on Fatmawati, Maros, Barumun,
Gilirang, and Memberamo varieties, RM237 on Cisadane and
BP630 varieties, and RM133 and RM287 markers on BPC
variety. The genetic distance-based results in the unrooted
neighbor-joining tree revealed that the eight varieties as well as
their populations clustered separately. Genetic variability
within each variety indicated that these varieties were still in
higher degree of heterogeneity. This demonstrated the power
of SSR marker in differentiating varieties as well as population
within variety, which, therefore, SSR marker could be
recommended in plant variety protection.