bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online assessment strategies to enhance students’ competence and their implementational challenges
Authors: Widiastuti Ida Ayu Made Sri , Mantra Ida Bagus Nyoman , Sukoco Heru , Santosa Made Hery
Published: October 2021

Education is a key to a successful life for all human beings. Having a good education certainly helps people to have a better life and improve their living standard. Therefore, education should be continually conducted meaningfully to enhance students’ competence. However, carrying out effective learning and appropriate classroom assessment during the coronavirus pandemic could be highly challenging for the teachers to do. Teachers need to utilize various technological devices to assess students' learning competence. This is due to online learning has become a priority in learning activities in the pandemic situation. Consequently, teachers must have broader horizons on how to conduct the learning processes and appropriate assessment strategies and operate various communication technologies. This study found that English teachers implemented three types of online assessment strategies to improve students' learning competence during the pandemic of Covid-19 in Indonesia. Those strategies are online test administration, portfolio, and self-assessment. Several challenges were accoutered by the teachers in carrying out the classroom assessment through online systems such as slow internet network, expensive internet quota prices, limited access to computer and smartphone devices, poor ability in using digital technology, difficulty in conducting effective interaction. Feedback was occasionally provided when the learning processes were conducted through zoom meeting or google meet. The study implies that teachers should improve their communication technology ability and fulfill online assessment strategies' administrative procedures.
Reevaluation of the Seismogenic Fault of the 1654 M8.0 Tianshui Earthquake: Evidence from Geology, Geomorphology, and Chronology along the Lixian-Luojiapu Fault
Authors: Xie Chao , Wang Jinshuo , Pang Wei , He Siyuan , Bian Zongpan , Wang Yang , Zhou Bengang
Published: October 2021

A historically documented M8.0 earthquake occurred in Tianshui, Gansu, China, in 1654. Its epicenter was located near the Lixian-Luojiapu fault in the triangular area at the conjunction of the Tibetan Plateau, North China block and South China block. Due to the lack of geologic and geomorphologic evidence and precise chronologic constraints, the seismogenic fault of this large event remains controversial. This work attempted to further address this issue. Based on data from unmanned aerial vehicle measurements, field investigations, analysis of typical fault profiles, and 14C dating, we determined the age of the latest slip on the Lixian-Luojiapu fault and the corresponding surface rupture range. In combination with historical earthquake data for this region, our work suggests that two sections of the Lixian-Luojiapu fault, the Tanchang-Lixian subsegment and the eastern portion of the Lixian-Luojiapu subsegment, were indeed involved in the surface rupturing of the 1654 Tianshui M8.0 earthquake. The scratches on the fault plane indicate that this seismic rupturing exhibited a left-lateral slip with a normal component and the maximum vertical displacement by this shock on the Tanchang-Lixian subsegment was 1.7±0.2 m. We suggest that the Tanchang-Lixian subsegment and the eastern portion of the Lixian-Luojiapu subsegment of the Lixian-Luojiapu fault and the West Qinling fault in the north jointly constituted the seismogenic structure of the Tianshui M8.0 earthquake based on a previous trench study. Located in the triangular zone between the Tibetan Plateau and the North China and South China blocks, tectonic stress accumulates rapidly on the Lixian-Luojiapu fault, resulting in a high potential of moderate to strong earthquakes, and this issue should be given more attention in the future.
Host-specific Signature Identification for Influenza A Using An Adjusted Entropy Measurement
Authors: Zhang Yixiang , Eskridge Kent M. , Zhang Shunpu , Lu Guoqing
Published: October 2021

Background. Influenza A viruses (IAV) exhibit vast genetic mutability and have great zoonotic potential to infect avian and mammalian hosts and are known to be responsible for a number of pandemics. A key computational issue in influenza prevention and control is the identification of molecular signatures with cross-species transmission potential. We propose an adjusted entropy-based host-specific signature identification method that uses a similarity coefficient to incorporate the amino acid substitution information and improve the identification performance.Results. Validation with a set of H5N1 PB2 sequences from 1996 to 2006 results in adjusted entropy having a 40% false negative discovery rate compared to an 80% false negative rate using unadjusted entropy. Simulations across a range of phenotypic divergence levels show a false negative rate of no higher than 10% while unadjusted entropy ranged from 9% to 100%. In addition, under all levels of divergence adjusted entropy never had a false positive rate higher than 9%. Adjusted entropy also identifies important mutations in H1N1pdm PB2 previously identified in the literature that explain changes in divergence between 2008 and 2009 which unadjusted entropy could not identify.Conclusions. Based on these results, adjusted entropy provides a reliable and widely applicable host signature identification approach useful for IAV monitoring and vaccine development.
Diversity of SAT2 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Sudan: Implication for Diagnosis and Control
Authors: Hussien Yazeed Raouf , Ibrahim Inas
Published: October 2021

Like other East African countries, Sudan experienced circulation of several SAT2 topotypes. In Sudan, topotype XIII and VII of SAT2 virus were recorded. This work meant to evaluate the impact of such diversity on diagnosis and control. A Sudanese SAT2 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) of topotype VII originated in 2010 showed poor antigenic relationship (r1 value ≈ 0.00) with Sudanese SAT2 FMDV from 2008 when topotype XIII was circulating. After one or three doses of a vaccine derived from SAT2 virus in 2010, heterologous antibody titres with SAT2 virus in 2008 were ≤ 1.2 log 10, not consistent with likely protection, while homologous titres were 1.65 (after one dose) or 1.95 and 2.55 log10 (after 3 doses). SAT2 positive field sera from Sudan in 2016 were not unvaryingly identified by virus neutralization tests (VNT) employing SAT2 viruses from 2010 and 2008. Proportions of positive sera by SAT2 virus from 2010 were always higher than those by viruses from 2008; consistent with the more frequent and recent circulation of topotype VII prior to 2016. Proportions by SAT2 virus from 2010 were 0.68 (±0.1) in one location (n=72), 0.39 (±0.1) in another one (n=94) and 0.52 (±0.1) in the whole test group (n=166). Corresponding values by viruses of 2008 were 0.53 (±0.1), 0.27 (±0.1) and 0.38 (±0.1). In the whole test group, differences were statistically significant (p=.02339). Like post-vaccination sera, field sera (natural immunity) showed no considerable cross neutralization between topotype VII and presumably XIII; almost 45% (43/96) of SAT2 positive field sera were positive to one topotype but not to the other. Experimental and surveillance findings emphasized the implication of SAT2 diversity in Sudan. It is concluded that it is difficult to control SAT2 infection in Sudan using a monovalent vaccine. Beside a prophylactic vaccine from topotype VII, stockpiling of antigens from topotype XIII and rapid genotyping and matching studies are necessary approaches. When more frequent circulation of more than one topotype occurs, retrospective diagnosis by serological surveys could be problematic or imprecise.
Classification of Obese and Healthy Children Based on Machine Learning Algorithms using Choroidal Thickness Features
Authors: Bulut Erkan , Koprubasi Sumeyra , Dayi Ozlem , Bulut Hatice
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To analyse the effect of macular choroidal thickness (MCT) and peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) on the classification of obese and healthy children by comparing the performance of Random Forest (RF) or Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) algorithms. Methods: 59 obese children and 35 healthy children aged 6 to 15 years were studied in this prospective comperative study using optical coherence tomography. MCT and PPCT were measured at 500 μm, 1000 μm, and 1500 μm distances from fovea and optic disc. Three different feature selection algorithms were used to determine the most prominent features of all extracted features. The classification efficiency of the extracted features was analyzed using RF, SVM, and MLP algorithms, demonstrating their efficacy for distinguishing obese from healthy children. The precision and reliability of measurements were assessed using Kappa analysis.Result: Correlation Feature Selection algorithm produced the most successful classification results among the different feature selection methods. The most prominent features for distinguishing the obese and healthy groups from each other were PPCT temporal 500 μm, PPCT temporal 1500 μm, PPCT nasal 1500 μm, PPCT inferior 1500 μm, and subfoveal MCT. The classification rates for RF, SVM, and MLP algorithms were 98.6%, 96.8% and 89%, respectively. Conclusion: Obesity-related metabolic alterations have an effect on the choriocapillaries of children, particularly in the subfoveal region and the outer semi-circle at 1500 μm from optic disc head. Both the RF and SVM algorithms are effective and accurate at classifying obese and healthy children.
Childhood Leukemia and Non-hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors Lack of Knowledge About Their Past Disease and Possible Late Effects. I-BFM ELTEC Study With Chilean and Croatian Participation.
Authors: Becker Ana , Paris Claudia , Roganovic Jelena , Bustos Cristina , Rosas Amaia , Contreras Paula , Zepeda-Ortega Ana J. , Bardi Edit
Published: October 2021

PurposeLate effects in childhood cancer survivors are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective was to establish knowledge about the disease, late effects, self-care practices, application of health knowledge/education, sources of information, and biopsychosocial impact of cancer, and compare the results of Chile and Croatia. Methodsone hundred and seventy-one, five-year survivors who were treated for leukemia or non-Hodgkins lymphoma responded to a questionnaire (119 in Chile and 52 in Croatia). The questionnaire was reviewed by BFM- ELTEC. Resultshealth knowledge about past diagnosis and general treatment had 96% Chilean and 85% Croatian survivors. Ninety percent of Chilean and 73% of Croatian survivors were unaware of possible late effects, and half did not know which specialist to visit for follow-up. Forty-six percent of Chilean and 35% of Croatian survivors knew about healthy lifestyles, but most did not practice them. The 74% of Chileans and 87% of Croatian survivors recalled having received health education during treatment. About 50% survivors in both groups was afraid or anguish, but it was also a growth experience for 60% of Chilean and 42% Croatian survivors. Eighty-seven percent Chilean and 77% Croatian survivors considered themselves physically independent, while 76% and 75% felt psychologically independent, respectively. ConclusionIt was detected a significant lack of knowledge about the specific treatment, late effects, and future health in both countries. They did not achieve significant learning with the education received. Psychological sequelae were found that are important to prevent.
Prioritization of Invasive Alien Species With Potential to Threaten Agriculture And Biodiversity in Kenya Through Horizon Scanning
Authors: Mulema Joseph Mary Kusasira , Day Roger , Nunda Winnie , Akutse Komivi Akutse , Bruce Anani Y. , Gachamba Sospeter , Haukeland Solveig , Kahuthia-Gathu Ruth , Kibet Staline , Koech Asenath , Kosiom Thomas , Miano Douglas Watuku , Momanyi George , Murungi Lucy Kananu , Muthomi James Wanjohi , Mwangi Julianna , Mwangi Maina , Mwendo Nicholas , Nderitu John Huria , Nyasani Johnson , Otipa Miriam , Wambugu Sarah , Were Eric , Makale Fernadis , Doughty Laura , Edgington Steve , Rwomushana Ivan , Kenis Marc
Published: October 2021

Invasive alien species (IAS) rank among the most significant drivers of species extinction and ecosystem degradation, causing significant impacts on ecosystem services, human well-being and socio-economic development. Recent invasions have spread rapidly in Africa due to porous borders constraining maintenance of border biosecurity. Countries also lack adequate information about potential invasions and have limited capacity to reduce risk of invasions. Horizon scanning prioritises the risks of potential IAS through rapid assessments of likelihood of their entry and establishment and their potential socio-economic and environmental impacts. This approach was used to identify and assess risks of 120 potential IAS (70 arthropods, 41 pathogens and 9 nematodes) to Kenya. The likely pathway of arrival for assessed species was mainly as contaminants of commodities, but some could most likely enter as stowaways. All species were scored for likelihood of entry, likelihood of establishment, potential socio-economic impact, and potential environmental impact on a 5-point scale. These individual scores were combined to rank the species according to their overall potential risk for the country. Confidence in individual and overall scores was recorded on a 3-point scale. For the highest-risk species, options for risk mitigation were suggested, including full pest risk analysis, surveillance for early detection, specific surveys for species not officially recorded but whose presence is suspected, and contingency planning. By prioritising risks, this approach can guide resource allocations to interventions that are most likely to reduce risk. It is appropriate for use by National Plant Protection Organisations and other relevant stakeholders in sub-Saharan Africa.
A Property Perceived Service Quality Evaluation Method for Public Building Based on Multi-Source Heterogeneous Information Fusion
Authors: zuo wenjin , Liu Lijun , He Xiaogang , Zhang Xingxian , Zeng Shouzhen
Published: October 2021

The basic information of property perceived service quality (PPSQ) evaluation for public building has the characteristics of multi-source heterogeneity, which challenges the traditional perceived service quality evaluation methods. Based on the classical linear programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference (LINMAP), a multi-objective LINMAP model is constructed and a new PPSQ evaluation method is proposed to solve such problems. Constructing the multi-objective LINMAP model is the core of constructing the new PPSQ evaluation method. The construction idea of the multi-objective LINMAP model is as follows: First, the multi-source heterogeneous evaluation information is normalized based on the TOPSIS idea. Then, the LINMAP model is extended by using the objective function which is constructed with the minimum variance between the multi-source evaluation information. Finally, the source weight and index weight are determined by the above model, the comprehensive distance of each property service project is calculated, and the best choice of property service project is found. The case study verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the multi-objective LINMAP model, but also reflects the new requirement of comprehensively and objectively evaluates PPSQ for public building.
Basal metabolic rate and risk of multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: liu chunxin , qiu wei , lu yaxin , chen jingjing , zhan yiqiang , Liu zifeng
Published: October 2021

Objective

To determine the relationship between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility, we used genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics data from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium on a total of 115,803 participants of European descent, including 47,429 MS patients and 68,374 controls.
Methods

We selected 378 independent genetic variants strongly associated with BMR in a GWAS involving 454,874 participants as instrumental variables to examine a potential causal relationship between BMR and MS.
Results

A genetically predicted higher BMR was associated with a greater risk of MS (odds ratio [OR]: 1.283 per one standard deviation increase in BMR, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.108–1.486, P = 0.001). Moreover, we used the lasso method to eliminate heterogeneity (Q statistic = 384.58, P = 0.370). There was no pleiotropy in our study and no bias was found in the sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out test.
Conclusions

We provide novel evidence that a higher BMR is an independent causal risk factor in the development of MS. Further work is warranted to elucidate the potential mechanisms.
Combination of Single-Molecule Long-Read Sequencing and Illumina Sequencing Revealed the Mechanism of Anthocyanins Accumulation in an Ornamental Grass, Pennisetum Setaceum ‘Rubrum’
Authors: Liu Lingyun , Teng Ke , Fan Xifeng , Zhang Hui , Han Chao , Wu Juying , Chang Zhihui
Published: October 2021

Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’ is an ornamental herb with purple leaves, and it is widely used in the construction of landscaping. However, the current next generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptome information is not satisfactory mainly because of the enormous difficulty in obtaining full-length transcripts. What’s more, the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we used PacBio full-length transcriptome sequencing combined with NGS sequencing technology to conduct transcriptome analysis on leaves showing different colors at different stages to clarify the molecular mechanism involved in the color change of P. setaceum ‘Rubrum’. A total of 280,413 full-length non-chimeric reads (FLNC) sequences were obtained based on single-molecule long-read sequencing technology. We obtained 140,633 high quality (HQ) transcripts and 2,683 low quality (LQ) transcripts and identified 5,352 alternative splicing (AS). In addition, a total of 93,066 ORFs, including 57,457 full open links and 2,910 lncRNA sequences were screened out. Furthermore, a total of 10,795 differentially expressed genes were identified. Gene ontology (GO) cluster and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed the underlying mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation. In this study, to our best knowledge, we provided the full-length transcriptome information of P. setaceum ‘Rubrum’ for the first time. The underlying mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in P. setaceum ‘Rubrum’ was further discussed based on the newly generated transcriptome data. The information will not only facilitate the gene function studies but also pave the way for future breeding projects of Pennisetum setaceum .
Analysis of urban horizontal expansion and its impact on the surrounding land using GIS and remote sensing: a case of Werabe town
Authors: Mamuye Fikadu , Ebabu Dinku
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, urbanization becomes the widest spreading and expanding event in the world. The issue of urbanization is one of the most important threats for developing countries like Ethiopia. Werabe town, which is found in southern and central parts of the country specifically in the Silte zone south nation nationality people (SNNP) region, is one of the rapidly growing towns at the moment. Therefore, this research is intended to assess the horizontal expansion of the urban and its impact on the use of the surrounding land in Werabe town using a Geographic Information System and integrating socio-economic data. To do this, a Land sat 8 satellite image was used to generate the change detection analysis and all the relevant primary data were gathered. After all, supervised image classification algorithms were applied to determine the available land use types by integrating socio-economic information. Finally, accuracy assessments were done to crosscheck whether the features are accurately classified in the Arc GIS. Based on this, in Werabe town built-up land was increased from 1963.98 ha (12.5%) in 2009 to 5251, 95 (33.4%) in 2019. Hence, in the study period built-up area was increased by 3287.97ha (20.9%). The forest cover of the study area in 2009 was 3798.27 ha (24.2%), however, it was decreased to 1358.01ha (8.6%) in the year 2019. Thus 2440.17 ha (15.6%) forest cover was deforested. For agricultural activity, 8833.41 ha (56.2%) of land was used in the year 2009 but it was altered to 7198.83 ha (45.7%) in the year 2019. Hence from 2009-2019, agricultural land was decreased by 1634.58 ha (10.5%). Bare land cover in 2009 was 1130.85 ha (7.2%) but it increased by 786.87 (5%) and became 1917.72 ha (12.2%) in the 2019 year. The study evidences that, urban built-up activity is expanding to all the surrounding landmasses, especially it is invading agriculture and forest cover lands of the peri-urban areas. Therefore, to prevent the loss of fertile lands against the ongoing expansion of urban areas, the integration of remote sensing and GIS with appropriate urban land management policy is vital.
Allergic inflammatory responses induced by traffic-related PM2.5 in BALB/c mice
Authors: Wei Hai Ying , Yu Huan , Zhang Lifeng , Dong Zhenyu
Published: October 2021

Previous studies have shown that PM2.5 is associated with airway inflammation and lung injury. However, the association between traffic-related PM2.5 (TR-PM) exposure and OVA-induced allergic inflammation is not fully elucidated. In this study, we assessed allergic inflammatory responses of mice induced by TR-PM. PM2.5 was collected from a roadside with heavy traffic, and its soluble extract was prepared. Mice were treated with OVA, TR-PM alone, and OVA + TR-PM. The inflammatory cells were counted, and inflammation-related cytokines IL-4, IL-17A, and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by the radioimmunity assay. Allergy-induced inflammation and lung injury were investigated by histopathological analyses. The expression of IL-4, IL-17A, and IL-10 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR. Our results revealed that TR-PM exposure, combined with OVA allergen sensitization, increased the inflammatory cells in BALF as well as levels of IgE in lung tissue; increased the IL-4 and IL-17A levels in BALF significantly, but decreased IL-10 level. The histopathologic results demonstrated that TR-PM markedly exacerbated the OVA-induced neutrophilic granulocyte, lymphocyte, and macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, the expression of IL-4, IL-17A and IL-10 mRNA was well in agreement with the results of the inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, during the sensitization to allergic antigens, TR-PM exposure triggers severe allergic inflammation and lung injury. These findings suggest that commuters should use public transportation instead of riding motorcycles or walking during rush hours.
Endocrine-metabolic Adaptations in Dorper Ewes: Comparison Between Single and Twin Pregnancies During Gestation, Delivery, and Postpartum
Authors: Santarosa Bianca Paola , Ferreira Danilo Otávio Laurenti , Hooper Henrique Barbosa , Sinzato Yuri Karen , Damasceno Débora Cristina , Polizel Daniel Montanher , Fioratti Eduardo Gorzoni , Santos Vítor Hugo dos , Silva Andreza Amaral da , Gonçalves Roberto Calderon
Published: October 2021

The present study involved a blood glucose, hormonal profile, and insulin resistance evaluation in sheep from conception until 48 h postpartum. A total of 60 healthy Dorper ewes, raised under semi-intensive management were included in the study. Two experimental groups were applied: G1, single pregnancy (n = 30) and G2, twin pregnancy (n = 30). The experimental time points were immediately after fixed-time artificial insemination; at 30 d, 90 d, 120 d, 130 d, and 140 d of pregnancy; on the delivery day (DD); and at 24 h (PD1) and 48 h (PD2) postpartum. Blood samples were taken to analyse glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) levels. All parameters showed significant differences over the analysed sample times; however, only cortisol showed differences within groups, with the G1 having higher values than the G2 group. The interaction of the groups in the nine sample times showed a significant result (P = 0.001) only for glucagon. The number of foetuses directly interfered with the glucagon profile throughout gestation and insulin concentration postpartum. The glucose, cortisol, insulin, glucagon, and HOMA IR concentrations increased at DD and decreased at PD1 and PD2. T3 and T4 levels increased at DD. Despite the changes found in the endocrine system and metabolism in Dorper ewes throughout pregnancy, the nutritional management ensured a healthy status during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum.
Effects of Risperidone on Serum Testosterone and Metabolic Parameters Among Schizophrenic Patients in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Authors: Mousa Husham Ali Abdalla , Ali Mazin Mohamed Abdalgadir , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Elmahi Osman Kamal Osman , Hamadelneel Gad Allah
Published: October 2021

Background: Antipsychotics (AP) are commonly and increasingly prescribed to children and adolescents effectively for the treatment of schizophrenia symptoms, but they are often associated with different side effects, many studies report a decrease in testosterone and gonadotropins due to an AP-induced hyperprolactinemic effect in men, it has been found that lower levels of testosterone is correlated with negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.Aim: Study was aimed to determine the effect of Risperdone on testosterone level in patients with Schizophrenia in Khartoum State.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional hospital based study recruited 100 patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia, attended at Military Hospital, Khartoum state, during January to March 2021. The plasma testosterone was estimated using ichromaTM semi automated analyzer, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version (25).Results: A cross sectional study recruited 100 patients, diagnosed with Schizophrenia, attended Military Hospital during January 2021, their age range from 25 to 52 years old (mean±SD = 38.1±6.42), to estimate testosterone levels in their plasma beside determine BMI and signs and symptoms related to Schizophrenia. The study found that mean of testosterone level was 3.44±2.11, mean of glucose level was 146.4±22.57 SD while mean of uric acid was 6.51±0.85 with strong significant statistical differences P. value = 0.001, 0.001 and 0.002 respectively, reverse correlation was observed between testosterone and body mass index, age, duration of the disease, glucose and uric acid levels (R= -0.33, -0.32, -0.37, -0.22 and -0.20 respectively).Conclusion: Risperidone drug used in treatment patients with Schizophrenia was lowering the level of testosterone hormone. And also there was association between testosterone with blood glucose, uric acid, age and duration of disease.
High incidence and regional distribution of cleft palate in Finns are associated with a functional variant in an IRF6 enhancer
Authors: Rahimov Fedik , Nieminen Pekka , Kumari Priyanka , Juuri Emma , Nikopensius Tiit , Karjalainen Juha , Kurki Mitja , Palotie Aarno , NA FinnGen , Heliövaara Arja , Paraiso Kitt , Visel Axel , Fakhouri Walid , Schutte Brian , Cornell Robert , Rice David
Published: October 2021

In Finland the frequency of isolated cleft palate (CP) is higher than that of isolated cleft lip (CL) or cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP). This trend contrasts to that in other countries but its genetic underpinnings are unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study for orofacial cleft, which includes CL, CLP, and CP in the Finnish population. We identified rs570516915, a single nucleotide polymorphism that is virtually specific to Finns and Estonians, as being strongly associated with orofacial cleft, and predominantly with CP (p = 5.25 x 10-34, OR = 8.65, 95% CI 6.11-12.25). The risk allele frequency for rs570516915 parallels the regional variation of CP prevalence in Finland, and the association was replicated in an independent sample of CP cases from Estonia (p < 1.3 x 10-11). The rs570516915 variant lies in an IRF6 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 6) enhancer active in ectodermal and oral epithelial cells. Other variants in the IRF6 locus, including those in the same enhancer, are associated with orofacial cleft, but predominantly with CL or CLP, suggesting shared mechanisms in the distinct processes of lip and palate development. By luciferase and transgenic mouse reporter assays we found that the risk allele of rs570516915 diminishes the activity of the enhancer. CRISPR-Cas9 edited oral epithelial cells demonstrate that rs570516915 disrupts an IRF6 binding site and decreases the expression of IRF6, suggesting impaired IRF6 autoregulation as the molecular mechanism underlying risk for CP.
Alcohol-Induced Mitochondrial and NADPH Oxidase Mediated ROS Generation Alter Neuroendocrine Status: Role of Pterocarpus Santalinus
Authors: Bulle Saradamma , Pulakuntla Swetha , Pannuru Padmavathi , Aramgam Sreelatha , Bagewadi Zabin , Badri Kameswara Rao , Mulla Sikandar , NCh Varadacharyulu , Vaddi Damodara Reddy
Published: October 2021

The association between oxidative stress and endocrine status with respect to the role of Pterocarpus santalinus (PSE) against alcohol-induced neurotoxicity in rats was investigated. Male albino rats were divided into, control, alcohol treated, alcohol + PSE treated, and PSE treated group. Twenty percent of ethanol (5g/kg body weight/day) was given with and without PSE (250 mg/kg body weight/day) for 60 days. Decreased plasma testosterone, estradiol, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), and increased cortisol concentrations in alcohol treated rats were observed. Besides, elevated lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, NADPH oxidase (NOX), and cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) activities, with mitochondrial dysfunction were noticed. Moreover, increased protein expression of the phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC), phospholipase C (p-PLC), and NOX2 with decreased antioxidant status was also noticed in alcohol ingested rats. Administration of PSE to alcohol treated rats reduced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant status, also modulated mitochondrial dysfunction and protein expression of p-PKC, p-PLC and NOX2. In conclusion, ROS generated via mitochondrial dysfunction causes activation of NOX activity through PLC and PKC dependent pathways leading to more ROS generation, which in turn alters the circulating hormonal levels. The phytocompounds present in PSE confer therapeutic efficacy by scavenging ROS and thereby offer protection.
Development of An Environmental-Friendly Durable Concrete
Authors: TRIPATHI DEEP , Kumar Rakesh , Mehta Pradeep Kumar
Published: October 2021

In this experimental study on Self Compacting Concrete (SCC), the Manufactured sand (M-sand) and Fly ash (FA) were utilised for partial replacement of Natural sand (N-sand) and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), respectively. N-sand was partially replaced by M-sand at various percentage levels, after the dose of FA in the mix was optimized. In terms of compressive strength, the optimum replacement level of OPC by FA was 20%, while for replacement of N-sand by M-sand it was 50%. Two types of mixes were made to compare the macro and micro level properties of SCC, i.e., SCC-I (100%OPC+100%N-sand), and SCC-II (80%OPC+20%FA+50%N-sand+50%M-sand). The characteristics of fresh concrete mixes were determined using Slump flow, T50 time, V-funnel, L-box, U-box, and J-ring tests. After 28 days of curing in tap water, both type of specimens were exposed in solution of Ammonium Sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] containing Sulphate salt concentration of 2.0g/l for 360 days to test their durability. Loss in compressive strength, weight change, sorptivity, and micro-structural changes (XRD, SEM, and EDS) all were evaluated up to 360 days. It was found that the use of FA and M-sand in concrete makes it more environment friendly and durable, as well as having higher performance in a sulphate environment.
Thinking It’s a Male Rather Than a Female Is More Likely and Quicker, Ceteris Paribus
Authors: Federici Stefano , Lepri Alessandro , Bacci Silvia , Bartolucci Francesco
Published: October 2021

According to previous ethnomethodological and cognitive studies on sex assignment, if a figure has male sexual characteristics people are more likely to think it is a man than a woman when the figure has female ones. This male attribution bias is definitely reinforced when a penis is apparent in human nude images. We reported findings of three experiments aimed at replicating previous studies by administering the Sex/Gender Attribution Test for Adult (SGAT-A) created by digitally morphing bodies of two human male and female models into realistic images. We observed the sex attribution and response time of 1,706 young adult participants. A cross-cultural comparison was also carried out with a sample of young adult Chinese students. Findings substantially reconfirmed those obtained in previous studies. When male external genitalia were exposed, the odds of male sex attribution were 5.688 compared to 1.823 female attribution when female external genitalia were shown. The male external genitalia overshadow any other features that might rather suggest a female identity. The shortest response times were observed with masculine stimuli. Evolutionary and cultural determinants of the male sex bias are discussed.
The Characteristics and Mechanisms on Diurnal Variation of Summer Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Mingcheng , Yao Xiuping
Published: October 2021

By using multiple sets of assimilation and reanalysis data, the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in boreal summer are investigated. The results show that, the climatological precipitation tends to increase towards the southeast, while it increases in the morning, reaches a peak around 21 Beijing Time Coordinate (BTC), and tends to decay after midnight in the diurnal time scale. To understand the roles of atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic processes in causing the diurnal variation of summer precipitation over the southeastern TP, the atmospheric precipitation and moisture budget are conducted. The budget result shows that, there is a good corresponding relationship between the precipitation and moisture tendency in the night, and the anomalous vertical motion has a key effect on the diurnal variation of the precipitation. In the developing phase of the anomalous ascending motion (17-20 BTC), the anomalous linear vorticity (temperature) advections over the southeastern TP contribute to the anomalous ascending motion, and the major contribution arises from the anomalous vorticity (temperature) field over the western TP. Due to the negative zonal vorticity (temperature) gradient, the mean westerly winds induce positive advection that support the ascending motion.
Effect of Training Using High-versus Low-Fidelity Simulator Mannequins on Neonatal Intubation Skills of Pediatric Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Al-Wassia Heidi , Bamehriz Maha , Atta Gamal , Saltah Hamada , Arab Abeer , Boker Abdulaziz
Published: October 2021

Background: Mounting evidence supports the effective acquisition of skills through simulation-based training including intubation skills of neonates. Our aim is to compare the effect of using high- versus low-fidelity mannequin simulation-based training on the acquisition and retention of neonatal intubation skills by junior pediatric residents.Methods: Randomized controlled trial involving first- and second-year pediatric residents from two centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Results: Twenty-eight junior pediatric residents (12 low- and 16 high-fidelity mannequins) completed the study. A significantly greater number of residents achieved and retained the required skills after completing the training course in both arms. There was no significant difference in the achieved skills between residents trained on high- versus low-fidelity mannequins at the baseline, immediately after training, and at 6-9 months after training.Conclusion: Simulation-based training is effective in improving pediatric residents’ intubation skills regardless of the level of fidelity.
Male Subclinical Hypogonadism: Mechanisms with Interplay of Reproductive Hormones, Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: matta ragaa abdelshaheed , Farrage Hazem Mohamed , Saedii Ahmed Abdelfadel , Abdelrahman Mohamed Mamdouh
Published: October 2021

BackgroundPathogenesis and endothelial function in subclinical hypogonadism (SCH) are unknown. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) participate in atherosclerosis and reproduction. We studied interplay of endothelial function, unOC and reproductive hormones with SCH.Methodsamong SCH, late onset hypogonadism (LOH), and healthy eugonadal male (HC) groups, we measured sex hormones and unOC, calculated luteinizing hormone/testosterone (LH/T), LH.T product and estradiol/T (E/T) as indicators of impaired leydig cell, androgen sensitivity index (ASI) & aromatase activity respectively and regulators for LH set point. We assessed flow mediated dilation of brachial artery (FMD%), carotid- intima media thickness (CIMT) and aortic stiffness index (AS) as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis.ResultsContrary to LOH, SCH had higher ASI, lower E/T ratio& similar T, follicle stimulating hormone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) compared to HC, LH/ T was significant higher in LOH and lower in HC than SCH . Similar to LOH, SCH had significant lower FMD% and higher CIMT, AS, unOC & inflammatory marker and atherogenic lipid profile than HC. LH, LH/T & ucOC negatively while T positively FMD% meanwhile. LH, LH/T & ucOC positively while testosterone negatively correlated with CIMT. LH and LH/T positively while estradiol and E/T negatively related to AS. ucOC positively correlated to LH, LH/T, E SHBG & negatively correlated with T. Independent predictors were LH for FMD% & AS meanwhile LH and LH/T for CIMT.ConclusionsSCH as not impaired testicular function state is characterized by androgen insensitivity, impaired aromatase activity, compensatory elevated unOC and atherogenic role of LH in endothelial dysfunction.
PINK1 Mediated Mitophagy Attenuates Early Apoptosis of Gingival Epithelial Cells Induced by High Glucose
Authors: Zhu Chunhui , Zhao Ying , Pei Dandan , Liu Zhongbo , Liu Jin , Li Ye , Yu Shuchen , Ma Lingyan , Sun Junyi , Li Ang
Published: October 2021

Background: Oxidative stress mediated by hyperglycemia damages cell-reparative processes such as mitophagy. Down-regulation of mitophagy is considered to be a susceptible factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. However, the role of mitophagy in DM-associated periodontitis has not been fully elucidated. Apoptosis of human gingival epithelial cells (hGECs) is one of the representative events of DM-associated periodontitis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy activated in the process of high glucose (HG)-induced hGECs apoptosis.Methods: For dose-response studies, hGECs were incubated in different concentrations of glucose (5.5, 15, 25, and 50 mmol/L) for 48h. Then, hGECs were challenged with 25 mmol/L glucose for 12h and 48h, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), caspase 9 and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Subsequently, autophagy was evaluated by estimating P62, LC3 II mRNA levels, LC3 fluorescent puncta and LC3-II/I ratio. Meanwhile, the involvement of PINK1-mediated mitophagy was assessed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Finally, hGECs were transfected with shPINK1 and analyzed by MMP, caspase 9 and annexin V-FITC apoptosis.Results: The number of TUNEL-positive cells and caspase 9 protein were significantly increased in cells challenged with HG (25 mmol/L) for 48h (HG 48h). MMP was impaired both at HG 12h and HG 48h, but the degree of depolarization was more serious at HG 48h. The autophagy improved as the amount of LC3 II increased and p62 decreased in HG 12h. During this process, HG 12h treatment induced PINK1-mediated mitophagy. PINK1 silencing with HG 12h resulted in MMP depolarization and cell apoptosis.Conclusions: These results suggested that loss of the PINK1 gene may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and increase sensitivity to HG-induced apoptosis of hGECs at the early stage. PINK1 mediated mitophagy attenuates early apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells induced by high glucose.
Efficacy And Feasibility of Telephone-Delivered Educational Intervention in Knowledge Transfer of COVID-19 Related Information to Elderly in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fung Mong Yung , LEE Yu Hong , LEE Yan Tung Astor , WONG Mei Ling , LI Tik Sze Joyce , NG E Nok Enoch , LEE Vivian WY
Published: October 2021

BackgroundEducational interventions were necessary to clarify COVID-19 related misconceptions among Hong Kong older adults. Yet, face-to-face interventions were infeasible under the pandemic. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a healthcare student-led, telephone-delivered intervention in educating older adults on COVID-19 related health topics. Feasibility, satisfaction level in subjects and impacts on volunteer students of the intervention were also explored. MethodsSubjects aged 65 or above were recruited from a community center in Yuen Long, Hong Kong. The telephone-delivered intervention consisted of 5 phone call sessions conducted by student volunteers. The first four sessions included pre-tests covering three COVID-19 related health topics. Standardized explanations were offered to all subjects during phone call. In the last session, post-tests on all themes were conducted. Paired t-test and McNemar’s test were used to measure the efficacy of intervention based on the differences in pre-tests and post-tests scores. The level of significance was 0.05. Subject satisfaction surveys and student feedback surveys were analyzed. This was a longitudinal study with no control group.Results Twenty-five subjects were recruited. Paired t-test results showed statistically significant improvement in test scores for all themes: from 76.0% to 95.3% (p<0.01) on Medication Safety, from 64.0% to 88.9% (p<0.01) on Healthcare Voucher, and from 78.0% to 93.0% (p<0.01) on COVID-19 Myth busting. McNemar’s test results showed an increase in correct rate for all questions. However, the improvement was not statistically significant in 65% of the questions due to small sample size and ceiling effect. Most subjects were satisfied with the program and improvement in mood after the program were reported. Student feedback survey suggested that the intervention enhanced students’ communication skills and understanding about older adults in Hong Kong.Conclusion Our pilot study offered initial evidence to suggest the efficacy and feasibility of telephone-delivered educational intervention in educating Hong Kong older adults and its benefits on student volunteers. Future studies should include a larger sample size and evaluate the ability of phone calls in improving subjects’ mental well-being.
Right Multifocal Renal Carcinoma with Different Pathological Types: A Case Report
Authors: Luo Yongyou , Chen Dongge , Yang Yanli , Liu Bin , Ji Puzhong
Published: October 2021

Background: There are few reports on ipsilateral multifocal renal cancer of different pathological types. The histological type determines its treatment and prognosis and requires close follow-up.Case presentation: Here we report a case of two pathological types of tumors of the right kidney. The right renal tumors of this case were chromophobe cell carcinoma and clear cell renal carcinoma. RCC, Vimentin, CAIX, and CD10 were positive and negative, and the Ki-67 proliferation index was low.Conclusions: The etiology and mechanism of multifocal renal cell carcinoma are unclear. The prognosis of patients is not related to the number of tumor lesions. The histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma determines the treatment and prognosis of patients. Surgical resection combined with targeted therapy is the main treatment method.
Multi-Heuristic Scheduling Methods for Workflow in Credit Cloud
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Yao Yuan , Shen Hong
Published: October 2021

In the credit cloud, credit services are sold to applications for credit computing, credit fusion and credit risk estimates. Plenty of services with different performance for the same task may have different execution time and charged by various ways. The users have specific requirements for the workflow completion time or cost. Hence, to meet the user’s satisfaction is an important challenge. In this paper, we propose heuristic scheduling methods for credit workflow with total cost minimization, and the deadline is satisfied. The problem has already proved to be NP-hard. For the mode assignment problem, a recursive heuristic method is constructed to select appropriate service for each task in the workflow. Then another heuristic algorithm based on problem characteristic is established to get a final schema with deadline constraint. We discussed the service instance rented in shareable manner with traditional un-shareable manner, which has fewer studies before. Three renting manners are discussed in detail. Experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Diagnosis And Management of Intrahepatic Biliary Cystadenoma: A Single-Center Experiences And Lessons Learned
Authors: Yang Yong-Guang , Chen Wei-Huang , Li Zuo-Biao , Di Xiao-Qing , Wu Yong-Jun , Li Ming-Yi , Liu Li-Juan
Published: October 2021

Background: Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma (IBC) is a rare benign cystic tumor of the liver with carcinogenic potential. Due to its low incidence and lack of specific clinical symptoms and signs, IBC is easily confused with other cystic liver lesions; even today, IBC mistakenly underwent fenestration and drainage according to the hepatic cyst in adverse conditions consequences for patients.Methods: The clinical data of six patients with pathologically defined IBC, admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from January, 2011, to July, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Four patients (4/6) were diagnosed with IBC preoperatively, administrated the surgery, and discharged successfully. One patient underwent single-port laparoscopic fenestration and drainage of liver cyst, cyst wall biopsy, intraoperative pathology revealed IBC, then open left hemihepatectomy. Another patient underwent laparoscopic fenestration and drainage of hepatic cyst. Intraoperative pathologic diagnosis from cyst wall biopsy showed a simple hepatic cyst, but the final pathological diagnosis was IBC. The remaining liver volume was insufficient to undergo liver resection; the patient was again referred to our institution after four months with right upper quadrant pain. Computed tomography revealed extensive abdominal nodules, considered malignant transformation, and the patient died three months later.Conclusion: Since atypical IBC is easily misdiagnosed as hepatic cysts, and we propose paying attention to cystic wall morphology and cyst fluid properties during the operation. At the same time, it is recommended that patients diagnosed with liver cysts undergo intraoperative pathological diagnosis and strengthen communication with pathologists to deepen understanding of IBC, which avoids missed diagnosis, wrong operation, or even secondary operation.