bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the parameters of freeze-drying honey
Authors: Tultabayeva T. Ch. , Zhumanova U. T. , Tultabayev M. Ch. , Shoman A. Ye. , Tapalova A. B. , Shoman A. K. , Tultabayev B. Ch.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of studies of freeze-drying of various types of honey.

   The purpose of the research was to determine the optimal parameters for the freeze-drying of honey.

   The physical and chemical parameters of three types of honey produced in the East Kazakhstan region were previously studied. The results showed that the studied prototypes meet the regulatory requirements for the quality of natural honey. It has been established that in terms of moisture content, sunflower honey differs from mountain honey and sweet clover (15 %, 17.3 % and 17.2 %, respectively), and also contains a high amount of reducing sugars (87.9 %), however, the mass fraction of sucrose is 2.5 %. It is noted that the highest content of sucrose in mountain honey is 4.5 %. The diastase number is an indicator of the quality and naturalness of honey and, according to the requirements of GOST, should be at least 8 Gote units, the results show that the studied samples of honey contain from 13.1 to 15.1 units, which confirms the influence of the geographical origin of honey. According to the value of water activity, all types of honey are products with low humidity and long-term storage. The optimal technological modes of freeze-drying of honey have been established, which range from minus 30 °C to minus 40 °C degrees.
Study of the chemical composition of various types of berries
Authors: Ospankulova G. , Kamanova S. , Murat L. A. , Toimbayeva D. , Temirova I. Zh. , Yermekov Y. Y. , Muratkhan M. , Aldieva A. B.
Published: September 2022

Berries play an important role in antioxidant protection, prevention and treatment of diseases of the human body, so many types of berries are widely used both in food and other industries.

   The purpose of this article is to study the chemical composition of berries of various species growing on the territory of Kazakhstan.

   The article presents the results of the organoleptic evaluation of berries, in a comparative aspect, the mineral and carbohydrate composition is studied, and the antioxidant activity of various types of berries is determined. The studies used generally accepted organoleptic, chemical and analytical methods. The results of the experiments performed will be used in the development of requirements for raw materials for processing, namely, berries of Kazakhstan production during freeze-drying.
Speleothems in sandstone crevice and boulder caves of the Elbe River Canyon, Czech Republic
Authors: Adamovič Jiří , Kukla Jaroslav , Filippi Michal , Skála Roman , Mészárosová Noemi
Published: September 2022

A variety of speleothems are present in crevice and boulder caves developed in Cretaceous sandstones of the Elbe River Canyon in northern Czech Republic. A set of complementary instrumental mineralogical methods was applied to characterize the speleothems and cave dripwaters, including X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis, Raman spectroscopy and optical emission spectrometry. Four morphological types were distinguished and characterized in terms of their mineral and chemical composition: 1, rusty brown mud-dominated coatings with micro-gours, composed of a mixture of clay minerals; 2, white “chalky” coatings (moonmilk) composed of calcite with minor gypsum; 3, cauliflower-shaped coralloids composed of calcite and silica in a layered structure, with gypsum layers in apical parts; 4, knob coralloids, dark gray-brown with smooth surfaces and distinctly layered structures, composed of silica (quartz, opal-A) and Si–Al phases (kaolinite) and including phosphate-rich laminae (sasaite, vashegyite, taranakite). Only modest microbial mediation of silica precipitation was observed in cauliflower-shaped coralloids while no clear signs are present in knob coralloids despite organic enrichment in the topmost layer. White “chalky” coatings and cauliflower-shaped coralloids precipitated from weakly acidic Ca-, Mg- and sulphate-rich deeper sandstone percolates. These forms are probably still active, much like the micro-gours, produced by particulate clay deposition. Formation of knob coralloids combined clay deposition and the dominant silica precipitation from pore waters similar to the present shallow acidic percolates under changing climatic conditions, probably in the Pleistocene. It was favored by specific rock lithology (quartzose sandstone with kaolinite admixture), which explains the scarcity of similar forms in sandstone caves. Concentration of knob coralloids along protruding vertical edges and the presence of wind-guided forms suggests that silica precipitation was driven by evaporation under a constant air flow.
Implementasi Ayat Ekologis melalui Teknologi Hidroponik Deep Flow Technique pada Santri Pondok Pesantren Ma’arif Nahdlatul Ulama Metro Lampung
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Muhamad Agus Mushodiq  , Dedi Wahyudi
Published: September 2022

Penggunaan pestisida dan pupuk kimia mengakibatkan kerusakan pada unsur organik tanah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan edukasi dan sosialisasi tafsir ayat-ayat ekologi dan mengimplementasikannya dalam sistem pertanian hidroponik sebagai metode pertanian yang ramah lingkungan. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan adalah Asset Based Communities Development (ABCD) dengan mitra Santri Pondok Pesantren Ma’arif NU Metro Lampung. Kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian adalah menjelaskan penafsiran ayat-ayat ekologis dan relevansinya dengan teknologi hidroponik, penempatan instalasi hidroponik DFT, sosialisasi dan edukasi pembuatan dan instalasi hidroponik DFT, pelarutan nutrisi AB Mix dan aplikasinya, sosialisasi dan edukasi semai bibit Pakcoy dan kangkung, sosialisasi dan edukasi pengaturan nutrisi. Terdapat dinamika keilmuan, baik dalam bidang pertanian dan pondok pesantren. Dalam dunia pertanian, penggunaan teknologi hidroponik DFT dengan Nutrisi Ab Mix memiliki kelebihan dalam efisiensi nutrisi dan minimnya limbah pertanian di banding pertanian konvensional. Di sisi lain campuran AB Mix dan fermentasi kotoran kambing disinyalir menghasilkan hasil panen yang lebih baik. Dalam dunia pondok pesantren, penempatan instalasi hidroponik merupakan upaya untuk mengontrol kegiatan santri di pondok dan upaya menangkal radikalisme karena adanya kolaborasi antara warga sekitar dan pihak pesantren, khususnya dalam pengelolaan tanaman dan distribusi hasil pertanian secara inklusif
Korelasi Tasawuf Akhlaqi, Irfani dan Falsafi
Authors: Ulum Achmad Miftachul Ulum
Published: September 2022

Islam is a religion that has an internal dimension called al-Ihsan. As an internal dimension, experts give different responses to the teachings of the Sufis. Some experts accept tasawwuf as an slamic teaching, and some experts criticize and even reject the teachings of tasawwuf because they think that the teachings of tasawwuf do not originate from Islam. Based on these findings, the writer will examine, examine and analyze from the point of view of the initiator and in terms of the style of thought, teachings and values ??of faith contained in the thoughts of Sufism figures both morally and spiritually such as Shaykh Abdul Qadir al-Jailani, tasawwuf 'irfani such as Rabi'ah al-Jailani. 'Adawiyyah and philosophical tasawwuf like Ibn 'Arabi. And a necessity, that Tasawwuf is a scientific discipline that was born from Islamic civilization, and the source of its teachings comes from the Qur'an and Hadith. This study is the result of a literature review where data is obtained from document study activities. This study proposes the finding that tasawwuf is a dimension of Islamic teachings which in this case can be seen and understood from the various patterns of thought of the figures in it. In practice, this research uses a qualitative descriptive approach as a research procedure that produces descriptive data. Data collection was carried out through text study activities, namely by registering library materials, searching, reading and recognizing and observing materials for further review and preparation for writing. Thus, this research report will contain excerpts of data to provide a presentation of the report. The results of the study show the thoughts of the character in question.
Загальні закони розвитку в навчанні
Authors: Капленко Дарина , Савош Галина
Published: September 2022

Розглянуто зв'язок навчання з життям і практикою та підкреслено, що воно тісно пов'язане з процесом навчання, а саме зі змістом матеріалу, його методами та організацією. Автори підкреслюють, що одним із найважливіших у дидактиці є закон єдності навчання і виховання, який формує ставлення особистості до знань і життя та ідеали людини як головну силу її самовиховання. Аналіз значення загальних діалектичних закономірностей у формуванні та розвитку різноманітних процесів чи систем підтвердив актуальність їх застосування в організації пізнавальної діяльності. Врахування загальних діалектичних закономірностей в організації навчального процесу може позитивно вплинути на навчання. Упровадження діалектичних засад у навчальний процес сприяє розумінню внутрішніх механізмів розвитку під час модернізації системи освіти та впровадження інновацій в освітню діяльність. У дослідженні простежуються особливості механізмів впливу загальних законів діалектики на дію таких основних дидактичних принципів, як: принцип наочності, принцип зв’язку теорії з практикою та життям, принцип доступності, принцип свідомості, принцип наочності, принцип зв’язку теорії з практикою та життям. та активності, принцип системності та послідовності знань. Удосконалення навчального процесу з урахуванням особливостей загальних закономірностей діалектики позитивно вплине на динаміку навчання та підвищить його ефективність як для дітей шкільного віку, так і для старшокласників.
Лексико-граматичні засоби мовної маніпуляції
Authors: Кузьмич Оксана
Published: September 2022

Статтю присвячено дослідженню прагматичного впливу на свідомість адресата мовлення імпліцитного змісту інформації, вираженого лексико-граматичними засобами мови. У контексті порушеної проблеми досліджено семантико-стилістичний потенціал засобів лексико-фразеологічного та граматичного рівнів мови, їхні потенції імпліцитно передавати інформацію, впливаючи на когнітивну, емоційну та поведінкову сфери життєдіяльності адресата мовлення, створюючи ілюзію самостійного прийняття рішень та умовиводів.
Ейджизм щодо підлітків та роль ЗМІ у вирішенні проблеми з погляду опитування
Authors: Баландіна Надія , Недоступ Анастасія
Published: September 2022

Показано результати анонімного опитування 75 респондентів з метою з’ясування їхньої поінформованості про ейджизм, ставлення до підлітків і роль медіа в актуалізації проблеми. Зокрема, 56% опитаних не знали, що таке ейджизм як поняття; 54,7% відзначили, що стикалися з обмеженням прав за віком; 48,3% засвідчили негативне бачення образу підлітків. Зроблено висновок, що у підживленні або, навпаки, викоріненні ейджизму ЗМІ відіграють значну роль, оскільки 86,7% опитаних споживають інформацію з онлайн-медіа.
Перспективи та проблеми безпілотних вантажних перевезень
Authors: Кунда Неоніла , Москаленко Вадим
Published: September 2022

Стаття присвячена питанню перспектив використання автоматизованих автотранспортних засобів. Проведено аналіз сучасного стану розвитку технології безпілотного транспорту Platooning. Висвітлено досвід європейських країн щодо впровадження безпілотних вантажівок. Надано класифікацію рівнів автоматизації автомобілів. Наведено приклад розробки схеми організації руху взводу автомобілів для виконання перевезення вантажу. Проаналізовано переваги та недоліки безпілотної технології.
Application of bim model in technical infrastructure design for newcity thu thiem residential project
Authors: Tuan Anh Nguyen  , Ty Duc Ho  , Long Hoang Nguyen  , Hung Nhat Nguyen
Published: September 2022

In the field of construction, many new technologies have been developed and applied to the design, construction and management of construction works. One of these new technologies is the application of Building Information Model (BIM). BIM is applied in all fields of the construction industry from design, construction management, gives almost absolute accuracy, saving time and costs in survey, design, construction and project management and brings us economic benefits very clearly. BIM helps to reduce costs, construction time, reduce construction risks and design changes. Based on the results of the BIM model, the projects are estimated easily, estimating a suitable capital arrangement plan, avoiding unnecessary risks. In Vietnam, there have been a number of investors are applying BIM in technical infrastructure works, especially buildings in recent years. However, high cost and qualifications of engineers are barriers for applying BIM. There are few technical infrastructure projects that are applied BIM, especially in infrastructures field. This paper researches the application of BIM for in technical infrastructure design for the NEWCITY Thu Thiem, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. An diagram of implementing BIM process in design and process for design coordination for operating the design and coordination between the stakeholders is built. Software are applied as well as exported files with levels of detail (LOD) and levels of information (LOI) from 200 to 400 to helping stakeholders to retrieve, check, handle information and interacting by the parties during life cycle of the project.
Indigenous People and Communities: The Role of Social Workers as Human Rights Workers
Authors:   School of Social Sciences, Jaipur National University Jaipur Rajasthan India, Dwivedi Veena
Published: September 2022

Indigenous people are the members of a group of people whose ancestors have lived in the same land since the time immemorial. While there is no universally recognized definition of indigenous people, but according to the United Nations Indigenous people are inheritors and practitioners of unique culture and the ways of relating to people and environment. They consist of a non-dominant group of people that share a common pre-colonial history with a culture, language, and belief system that is separate and distinct from the dominant social group within the larger society. The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples demonstrates the general consensus of the international community of support for the rights of indigenous people. Following points are mentioned in this article such as characteristics of indigenous people and, how social workers can move towards more empowering, rights based practice that develops individual and community capacity. Social Work curriculums across the nation all devote a significant amount of time and focus to looking at skills for working with Indigenous people and communities in the context of historical, social, economic and cultural considerations, so that the social workers of tomorrow are well acquainted in issues that impact on their Indigenous clients.
Musiikkia, politiikkaa, kannanottoja
Authors: Ranta-Meyer Tuire , Kytö Meri , Lehtonen Lasse
Published: September 2022

Venäjän Ukrainaan kohdistaman hyökkäyssodan aiheuttama kärsimys ja sen kirvoittamat erilaiset eettiset ja moraalifilosofiset kysymykset ovat myös meille musiikintutkijoille näkyvissä lähes päivittäin. Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön korkeakouluille maaliskuussa antaman suosituksen mukaisesti yliopistot ovat pidättäytyneet korkeakoulu- ja tiedeyhteistyöstä venäläisten organisaatioiden kanssa. Suosituksen mukaisesti jo olemassa oleva organisaatioiden välinen yhteistyö on keskeytetty toistaiseksi eikä uusia hankkeita käynnistetä. Tutkijoiden liikkuvuutta on jäädytetty, vierailuja ei suositeta eikä asiantuntijalausuntoja sovi pyytää eikä antaa. Tämä on vaikuttanut monen tutkijan arkeen, verkostoihin ja hankesuunnitteluihin yllättävin tavoin, eivätkä ratkaisut tilanteisiin aina ole olleet yksiselitteisiä. Suomessa toimivien venäläisten ja ukrainalaisten tutkijoiden sekä jatko- ja perusopiskelijoiden on pitänyt harkita monta ammattiyhteisöllistä kysymystä uudessa valossa. Nähtäväksi jää, millaista tuhoa Venäjän hyökkäyssota saa vielä aikaan esimerkiksi karjalaisen musiikkiperinteen tutkimuksessa.
Development and Fidelity Assessment of Potential Flow based Framework for Aerodynamic Modeling of High Lift Devices
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Usman , Javaid Muhammad Tariq , Nasir Sheharyar , Sajjad Umar , Haider Faizan , UlHassan S. Saddam , Salamat Shuaib
Published: September 2022

High lift devices play a vital role in dictating the accelerated performance of an aircraft for different flight phases such as takeoff, landing, and aerobatic maneuvers. The aerodynamic design of high lift devices for any particular aircraft is an iterative process and is achieved through extensive aerodynamic Analysis of the aircraft for various flap configurations. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Wind tunnel testing are highly effective techniques for performing the required Analysis, yet they have high computational costs and time. To overcome this shortcoming, a robust framework based on potential flow solver (PFS) and geometry parameterization is required without compromising the fidelity of the Analysis. This research aims to develop a highly robust aerodynamic analysis framework based on the Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) coupled with Polhamus Suction Analogy and parametric modeling of high lift devices. The fidelity of the framework is validated through experimental testing and is quantified by developing a fidelity assessment matrix. It is established that the computational cost of CFD has been reduced three times with only a 10% to 20% loss in accuracy when the developed framework is used. The developed PFS framework gives results from 80% to 90%. The framework results for a reference aircraft are thoroughly compared with CFD analyses. The framework provides values that agree with corresponding CFD analyses in a fraction of the time.
Vehicular Traffic Flow Characterization: An Edge Computing Perspective
Authors: Ayaz Shehzad , Khattak Khurram Shehzad , Khan Zawar Hussain , Qazi Azhar
Published: September 2022

With rapid urbanization, road network inefficiencies have become a primary impediment for developing sustainable smart cities. Associated challenges range from traffic congestion, ambient pollution, accidents, and lost productivity. In this regard, intelligent transportation system (ITS) based solutions are being proposed to design and develop smart urban mobility. However, real-world traffic flow parameters (such as vehicular count, flow, classification, speed, road capacity, time/distance headway, temporal/spatial densities, heatmaps, and trajectories) are fundamental building blocks for designing and developing ITS solutions. In existing literature, varying solutions have been proposed for traffic flow characterization. These can be categorized as either intrusive or non-intrusive sensors. However, these solutions have serious limitations, especially under heterogeneous traffic flow behavior. To overcome these limitations, compute vision-based solutions have emerged as optimum traffic flow characterization solutions. In this work, all compute vision-based edge computing solutions in existing literature have been reported and analyzed. Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that edge computing solutions are the optimum choice as compared to Internet-of-Video-Things based solutions. However, edge computing solutions are seriously constrained because of the compute resources of single board computers. To overcome this limitation, mathematical traffic flow characterization equations have been reported for calculating eight additional traffic flow parameters. These mathematical equations can optimize the already proposed edge computing solution’s performance by 400%.
Analytical Approach of Designing Passive Filter for SMPS Load
Authors: Bajwa Muhammad Shahzad Bajwa , Usman Keerio Muhammad , Hussain Mugheri Noor , Hussain Memon Riaz , Shaikh Wajid Ali
Published: September 2022

The use of switch mode power supply (SMPS) load such as computer, laptop, etc in residential as well as commercial areas give rise to harmonics pollution in the electrical power distribution system which causes the quality of power poor and the function of equipment connected to the electrical system is affected. Many electrical appliances have an SMPS design that characteristically draws a distorted current that flows back to the input supply and causes distortion in the voltage waveform. To ensure the safe functioning of various electrical devices, there is a need for the implementation of effective harmonics mitigating techniques. Passive filters have been used for mitigating voltage and current harmonics. This paper proposed an analytical approach to designing the passive filter instead of trial and error or a complex approach for harmonics mitigation. The Simulation Model of SMPS is developed in MATLAB/Simulink and used for validating the proposed approach. Simulation results show the attractive findings of the proposed approach for harmonic mitigation with the improvement of the power factor.
Development of an Electricity Theft Detection System
Authors: Aaqib Muhammad , Din Izhar Ud , Ghani Musawir
Published: September 2022

Electricity theft stays a gigantic misfortune brought about by electricity appropriation organizations. This robbery emerges significantly increased when this is done by consumers. For example, meter bypassing, tempering meter, and so on. The main reason for the losses is the direct connection of distribution lines which means Kunda or hooking from electricity lines. So, an intensive method is required to stop this kind of electricity theft. This examination study offers a methodology for taking care of electricity meter bypassing and altering. The overall system is a design based on a GSM module, Arduino Mega, Arduino Nano, and three current sensors, in which one current sensor measures the incoming current from the main grid and the other two sensors measure the current from the consumption side and compare the incoming and consumption current values. When there is any value increase from the compared values, it will detect electricity theft. This method will automatically read and send the current sensor values and also detect electricity theft.
Li-Fi Based Healthcare Monitoring System
Authors: Khan Zohaib A. , Ali Ahsan , Behram Rao , Johar Faisal , Amin Saqib , Orakzai Muhammad Sadiq , Akram Faraz
Published: September 2022

In hospitals the monitoring of patient is usually done manually with the help of nursing staff for 24 x 7. The availability of nursing staff to monitor the health of critically ill patients or new born infant is very difficult task and requires a lot of man power. In case, of absence or delay the health of patient can become critical and can be fatal. In order to solve this many wireless technologies have been proposed to monitor the patient’s condition using different sensors but these wireless schemes are harmful for patients/infants and can even interface with medical devices. In order to develop hospital friendly monitoring system, Li-Fi based health monitoring-based system has been proposed which measure the heart rate, temperature and motion in case of infants and the data is continuously displayed on LCD. In case of any abnormalities, the relevant staff will be notified.
Malaria Detection using Microscopic Image Analysis: A Convolution Neural Network Based Approach
Authors: Hussain Uzair , Ali Ahmad , Sultan Kashif , Alvi Asim , Khan Muhammad Waleed
Published: September 2022

Malaria is a potentially fatal disease which is caused by Plasmodium parasite. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes which play the role of disease vector. Five types of plasmodium cause malaria named P. Falciparum, P. Vivax, P. Ovale, P. Knowlesi, and P. Malariae, Among the Plasmodium parasites, Falciparum and Vivax are particularly lethal to humans. Therefore, early detection of malaria is mandatory to avoid the loss of human life. Different automatic/semi-automatic malaria detection techniques are available in the literature, which reduces the chance of human errors in the prognosis of malaria.  In recent years, deep learning-based methods have proven to be effective for object detection. Therefore, such methods have caught the attention of researchers to use for the detection of malarial parasites in human blood. In this paper, we proposed a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, which detects malarial parasites in microscopic images of human blood samples with high accuracy. The proposed model comprises 15 layers. It has 8 convolution layers with ReLu activation function, 4 max-pooling layers, 1 flattening layer, and 2 fully connected layers. The proposed method has been evaluated using various statistical measures against existing state-of-the-art methods. The quantitative measures show the effectiveness of the proposed model. It has a 97.42% testing accuracy, 97.42% sensitivity, 97.41% specificity, 97.70% precision, 97.42% recall , 97.97% F1-score , 97.41% Area Under Curve (AUC), and 94.82% Mathews correlation coefficient.
Designing A Non-Invasive Testing Device for Infant Diabetes using Saliva
Authors: Hamdani Syeda Rida Zehra , Tahir Maria , Akram Faraz , Orakzai Muhammad Sadiq , Amin Saqib , Khan Zohaib A.
Published: September 2022

Neonatal diabetes is estimated to affect 1 in every 95,000 to 1 in every 400,000 live births.  Male and female infants are equally affected by the disease, which has been recorded in all ethnic groups. Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a type of diabetes that develops within the first six months of life. Insulin is a hormone that aids in the production of energy in our cells. This condition causes infants to produce insufficient insulin, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. Therefore, it is very important to design a testing device that can monitor premature babies indicating symptoms of diabetes. Recognizing the signs of diabetes in an infant might be difficult because diabetes in babies is not common. Frequent wet diapers, a high appetite, dehydration, and weight loss are all signs of neonatal diabetes. Once you have diabetes, you're used to having to take tests to monitor your condition. Conventionally invasive methods are used to check neonatal diabetes which is a painful procedure for infants as it requires prinking to draw blood several times per day. Therefore, this paper aims to design a non-invasive testing design for neonatal diabetes that is not painful to babies. There are several non-invasive ways to test blood glucose levels; urine, sweat, and saliva. Urine tests can be used to detect glucose levels in urine and check for the presence of ketones. The presence of ketone above the threshold indicates a high blood glucose level of over 300ml/dL. Sweat is also used to test diabetes. Hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating) is caused by high blood sugar levels, and it indicates that blood sugar control has to be tightened. Saliva is a new medium to measure blood glucose levels and research is going on its use to measure diabetes. Previous research has found a strong relationship between blood glucose levels and saliva glucose levels.  In this paper, saliva is used as a non-invasive method to measure neonatal diabetes. Saliva containing glucose is collected and treated with glucose oxidase. H2O2 produced during this reaction is further treated and an optical sensor along with a microcontroller is used to measure the concentration of blood glucose. The expected results based on the study indicate the amount of glucose in the saliva increases in proportion to the amount of glucose in the blood and confirms the relationship between glucose concentrations in the blood and saliva, implying that the proposed design can take the place of the existing devices. However, more tests should be carried out to improve the efficacy of the proposed design for detecting glucose in saliva.
MSP Patches Based Optimized EEG Source Localization and Validation in Visual Cortex of Human Brain
Authors: Gaho Anwar Ali , Khan Ahmed Muddassir , Musavi Sayed Hyder Abbas , Hasan Muhammad Abul , Shafiq Muhammad
Published: September 2022

This paper is focused on optimizing EEG source localization of visual neural activities generated in the posterior lobe of the human brain. The visual and neural systems of the human brain process the captured images of faces or scenes into optical and chemical neurons in order to produce electrical potentials over the scalp surface, where EEG electrodes measure these signals to sense the underneath visual brain activity. However, it is categorically hard to localize the true neural sources in the human brain's visual cortex due to overlapping and interaction of other active areas of the lobes of the brain. Thus, a novel algorithm of MSP inversion-based Bayesian framework with varying patches for providing the optimal free energy and minimum location in the visual cortex is proposed to address this issue. This algorithm is integrated with a synthetic EEG dataset generation scheme to validate active neural sources. This proposed algorithm provides satisfactory results in terms of optimal free energy with minimum localization error and validates true active sources in the brain. The SPM12 Toolbox is applied in processing the visual EEG dataset in this research. The application of this proposed algorithm is beneficial in terms of localizing the optimum visual sources and identifying the visual disorders or diseases in the human brain.
Rain process models and convergence to point processes
Authors: Hottovy Scott , Stechmann Samuel N.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. A variety of stochastic models have been used to describe time series of precipitation or rainfall. Since many of these stochastic models are simplistic, it is desirable to develop connections between the stochastic models and the underlying physics of rain. Here, convergence results are presented for such a connection between two stochastic models: (i) a stochastic moisture process as a physics-based description of atmospheric moisture evolution, and (ii) a point process for rainfall time series as spike trains. The moisture process has dynamics that switch after the moisture hits a threshold, which represents the onset of rainfall and thereby gives rise to an associated rainfall process. This rainfall process is characterized by its random holding times for dry and wet periods. On average, the holding times for the wet periods are much shorter than the dry, and, in the limit of short wet periods, the rainfall process converges to a point process that is a spike train. Also, in the limit, the underlying moisture process becomes a threshold model with a teleporting boundary condition. To establish these limits and connections, formal asymptotic convergence is shown using the Fokker-Planck equation, which provides some intuitive understanding. Also, rigorous convergence is proved in mean-square with respect to continuous functions, of the moisture process, and convergence in mean-square with respect to generalized functions, of the rain process.
Central Asia's spatiotemporal glacier response ambiguity due to data inconsistencies and regional simplifications
Authors: Barandun Martina , Pohl Eric
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Glacier evolution across Tien Shan and Pamir is heterogeneous in space and time. This heterogeneity is believed to be mainly driven by contrasting climatic settings and changing atmospheric conditions. However, a systematic and consistent region-wide analysis of the climatic and static morphological drivers remains limited to date. Meteorological reanalysis and remote sensing products, and novel approaches to derive region-wide annual mass balance time series, all provide the basis to investigate the drivers behind the observed heterogeneous glacier response. Here, we investigate the consistency of interpretations derived from available datasets through correlation analyses between climatic and static drivers with mass balance estimates in Tien Shan and Pamir. Our results show that even supposedly similar datasets lead to different and partly contradicting assumptions on dominant drivers of mass balance variability. Only when considering all glaciers in the Pamir and Tien Shan together, we find a similar picture of dominant meteorological drivers over space. Using either existing mountain subdivisions or glacier subdivisions based on mass balance variability, no consistencies can be found. Within different mass balance and meteorological datasets the results suggest very different drivers. This conclusion is even more prominent in the temporal correlation analysis where contradicting patterns of dominant drivers result from presumably similar meteorological datasets. Clear non-climatic drivers could not be identified. Even with newly available mass balance and meteorological data, a knowledge gap about the main mechanisms behind the heterogeneous glacier response in Central Asia remains. The results highlight that apparent but false consistencies across studies using a single dataset might largely relate to the chosen dataset rather than to the processes or involved environmental variables. As long as no glaciological, meteorological, or hydrological in situ observation network provides data for direct calibration and validation of extensive datasets, we cannot predict a realistic improvement in our understanding of the changing cryosphere at regional scale for Tien Shan and Pamir.
Child support and child poverty
Authors: Bradshaw Jonathan
Published: September 2022

One aspiration of the new child support scheme was to reduce child poverty. Child support can do this directly by increasing the income of parents with care – although the £10 disregard on Income Support is a constraint on this. However, it may increase child poverty in the non-resident parent’s family. Child support can also reduce child poverty indirectly by encouraging employment or reducing lone parenthood. While it is possible to estimate the direct effects on parents with care there is no evidence concerning non-resident parents. Child support does reduce child poverty rates by over 60% for those lone parents in employment who receive it, and it could achieve more if the regime was more effective.
Enabling carers to care: processes of exclusion and support for parents of young disabled children
Authors: Clavering Emma Kay
Published: September 2022

At a time when new policy guidelines to combat childhood poverty and social exclusion are being implemented around best practice in health and social care, this article focuses on experiences of care and support for parents with a disabled child or children. Drawing on in-depth qualitative data, the author reflects on the ways in which existing social hierarchies have an impact on how service provision may be offered and received. The article concludes with a discussion on the types of care that might be considered enabling and identifies areas where services, and service representatives, might still do better to challenge the disabling assumptions and work practices around the child and family.
Variations in the take-up of Pension Credit
Authors: Richardson Dominic , Bradshaw Jonathan
Published: September 2022

This article explores variation in the take-up of Pension Credit using secondary analysis of the Family Resources Survey 2004/05. Respondents under-report receipt of Pension Credit. As a result of an exercise undertaken by Department for Work and Pensions statisticians to match respondents with administrative data on receipt of Pension Credit, it was possible to explore the differences in the characteristics of those who do and do not report receipt. Variations in actual take-up rather than reported take-up are then explored. Using logistic regression, variations are found in actual receipt by pensioner characteristics and by the type of area they live in. These findings raise doubts about the reliability of using benefit receipt in the income domain of the Index of Deprivation.
The gendered division of labour: how can we assess the quality of employment and care policy from a gender equality perspective?
Authors: Armstrong Jo , Walby Sylvia , Strid Sofia
Published: September 2022

Evaluating the quality of employment and care policy in relation to gender equality is important given the continuing inequalities between men and women in paid and unpaid work. However, assessment raises dilemmas: quality according to what criteria; quality for whom; and quality of what? It is proposed here that good quality means transformation in gender relations towards an equal distribution of paid and unpaid work, equal pay and de-segregation; that sensitivity to differences between women is required, but not the adoption of different quality standards; and that working towards the goal of transformation demands consideration of several interconnected policy arenas. Assessing quality is difficult; but it is possible – and it is crucial to achieving gender equality.
The cycle of deprivation and the concept of the underclass
Authors: Welshman John
Published: September 2022

In drawing on the concept of social exclusion, New Labour has been keen to distance itself from the longer-term ‘underclass’ discourse. At the same time, phrases such as ‘cycle of deprivation’ and ‘problem families’ are used with little sense of their earlier history. This article examines Sir Keith Joseph’s theory of the ‘cycle of deprivation’ with regard to the longer-term history of the idea of an underclass. It argues that the cycle of deprivation can be seen as a chronological stepping-stone between related ideas. Nevertheless there are also important differences between the problem family, cycle of deprivation, and underclass formulations.
Advertising social security fraud
Authors: Grover Chris
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the representation of social security fraud in the UK’s Department for Work and Pensions’ (DWP) television advertising campaign between 2000 and 2004. The article discusses the campaign in the context of New Labour’s concerns with social security fraud and observes that the ostensible aim of the television advertisements was to deter social security fraud. The article then moves on to discuss the difficulties of the advertising campaign in meeting this aim in the context of what is known about the nature of social security fraud.

Since the 1970s, the mass media in the UK has been fascinated by social security fraud (Golding and Middleton, 1982; Golding, 1999). However, since the year 2000 there has been a further media representation of social security fraud; the anti-fraud advertisement. Despite recent literature commenting on ‘fraud in the public domain’ (Sainsbury, 2003, pp 290-92) the anti-fraud advertisements have received no analytical attention. This article addresses this issue by focusing on the ‘Targeting fraud’ and the ‘We’re onto you’ television advertisements. These advertisements were part of a campaign that also involved newspaper, poster and radio advertisements, but there is not enough space here to analyse these other types of advertisements.

This article outlines the New Labour government’s concerns with social security fraud and locates the television advertising campaign in relation to them. The article goes on to offer a textual analysis of the advertisements, focusing on the theme of deterring social security fraud, before critically engaging with the advertisements by focusing on their representation of social security fraud and the potential of the advertisements to deter fraudulent activity.
Shaped by place: young people’s decisions about education, training and work
Authors: Green Anne E. , White Richard
Published: September 2022

This article explores the ways in which young people’s decisions about post-compulsory education, training and employment are shaped by place, drawing on case study evidence from three deprived neighbourhoods in England. It discusses the way in which place-based social networks and attachment to place influence individuals’ outlooks and how they interpret and act on the opportunities they see. While such networks and place attachment can be a source of strength in facilitating access to opportunities, they can also be a source of weakness in acting to constrain individuals to familiar choices and locations. In this way, ‘subjective’ geographies of opportunity may be much more limited than ‘objective’ geographies of opportunity. Hence it is important for policy to recognise the importance of ‘bounded horizons’.
Taxation and Justice: A Classical Liberal Perspective
Authors: Orogványiová Petra
Published: September 2022

We attempt to present a classical liberal perspective on the subject of taxation and justice. We Start by reviewing the development of the notion of justice over time and across various schools of thought. We then proceed to examine John Rawls’ theory of justice and its policy implications and economic theory of optimal taxation. After finding both approaches unsatisfactory, we defend a libertarian stand on the issue of justice. The main result of our reflections are three criteria which we afterwards use to examine normatively different ways of taxation. We conclude by saying that current tax Systems satisfy neither of these criteria and deserve being changed.
Taxation and Justice
Authors: Pellerin Daniel
Published: September 2022

«In this world», Benjamin Franklin pronounced in a letter, «nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes». This essay takes as its premise the need to accept the inevitable and proceeds to discuss the principles that should govern an equitable System of income taxation, focusing especially on proportionality and reciprocity. After examining a number of attractive schemes (that might include a moderate element of effective gradation, as even most ‘degressive’ variants of the flat-tax do), the essay shows why ambitious designs for redistributive taxation are not likely to produce the intended results and how they threaten to impede economic, technological, and even cultural progress.
Reforming labour market policy in Germany
Authors: Hinrichs Karl
Published: September 2022

Active and passive labour market policy in Germany has been reformed by a series of laws implemented between 2003 and 2005. This article focuses on the fundamental and most controversial change of income support for unemployed people. The so-called Hartz IV reform had grave implications for many of those who were long-term unemployed and came at a high price for the then incumbent coalition government of Social Democrats and the Green Party, eventually leading to premature federal elections in September 2005. Although the labour market situation started to improve in 2006, it remains unclear whether and to what extent declining unemployment figures are in fact due to the recent labour market reforms.
Pension policy in EU25 and its impact on pension benefits
Authors: Zaidi Asghar , Grech Aaron George
Published: September 2022

This article provides a brief summary of the most recent changes in public pension policies in the countries of the European Union and describes how they affect pension benefits for future pensioners. The pension systems in Europe have been changing fast. The common trends are that the generosity of public pension benefits is on the decline, the changes are likely to shift more risks towards individuals and there are fewer possibilities of redistribution. Our analyses point towards the importance of a more comprehensive assessment of these reforms so as to reduce the risk of pensioner poverty in the future.
In vitro bioactivity and gene silencing effect of shRNA-VEGF loaded chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: DOĞAN Murat
Published: September 2022

Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to prepare chitosan nanoparticles containing shRNA-VEGF and evaluate their bioactivity by in vitro cell culture studies and to perform mechanical characterization of nanoparticles.

Material and Methods: Ionic chelation method was used to prepare nanoparticles. The XTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxic activity of shRNA-VEGF and shRNA-VEGF loaded NP on the HeLa and NIH 3T3 cells.

Results: According to the results IC50 values of shRNA-VEGF and NP including shRNA-VEGF were calculated. IC50 values of shRNA-VEGF and NP including shRNA-VEGF were 0.89±0.010 µg/mL and 0.52±0.004 µg/mL on HeLa cell line. Bax quantities of control, shRNA-VEGF, and shRNA-VEGF loaded NP was measured as 23.70±0.27 ng/mg protein, 34.64±0.36 ng/mg protein, and 39.46±0.54 ng/mg protein, respectively. According to the results, cleaved caspase 3 quantities of control, shRNA-VEGF, and shRNA-VEGF loaded NP was measured as 711.70±4.40 pg/mg protein, 767.23±3.82 pg/mg protein, and 825.32±5.06 pg/mg protein, respectively.

Conclusion: shRNA-VEGF and shRNA-VEGF loaded NP significantly reduced HeLa cell reproduction in a concentration-dependent manner while generating no cytotoxicity in NIH 3T3 cells. The expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase 3 proteins was significantly increased by shRNA-VEGF and shRNA-VEGF loaded NP.
PEMBUATAN PETA DESA MARGALAKSANA KECAMATAN CIKAKAK KABUPATEN SUKABUMI
Authors: Yuliyanto Eko , Amelia Risa , Pradiftha Junfithrana Anggy
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Margalaksana Village is one of the villages in Cikakak Subdistrict, Sukabumi Regency which has an area of 1,421 Ha, so an administrative map is needed because it has information that is used as support in village development planning. The purpose of one of the community service work programs/ Real Work Lectures (KKN) is village mapping as a basis for development planning. The methods used include preparation, digitizing village boundaries through Google Earth images, the process of making maps, temporary printouts, final printouts, and handover of maps. The community service work program in Margalaksana Village, Cikakak District, produces village maps with geospatial information for the area.

 

Keywords: Map, Planning, Margalaksana

Abstrak

Desa Margalaksana adalah salah satu desa di Kecamatan Cikakak Kabupaten Sukabumi yang memiliki luas 1.421 Ha, sehingga peta administrasi diperlukan karena memiliki informasi yang digunakan sebagai penunjang dalam perencanaan pembangunan desa. Tujuan salah satu program kerja pengabdian masyarakat/ Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) ialah pemetaan desa sebagai dasar dalam perencanaan pembangunan. Tahapan yang digunakan diantaranya persiapan, digitasi batas desa melalui citra google earth, Proses pembuatan peta, hasil cetakan sementara, hasil cetakan akhir, dan serah terima peta. Program kerja pengabdian masyarakat di Desa Margalaksana, Kecamatan Cikakak, menghasilkan peta desa dengan informasi geospasial wilayah tersebut.

 

Kata Kunci: Peta, Perencanaan, Margalaksana