bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Functional Studies of MYO1H for Mandibular Prognathism
Authors: Sun R. , Wang Y. , Jin M. , Chen L. , Cao Y. , Chen F.
Published: July 2018

Mandibular prognathism (MP) is regarded as a craniofacial deformity resulting from the combined effects of environmental and genetic factors, while the genetically predetermined component is considered to play an important role to develop MP. Although linkage and association studies for MP have identified multiple strongly associated regions and genes, the causal genes and variants responsible for the deformity remain largely undetermined. To address this, we performed targeted sequencing of 396 genes selected from previous studies as well as genes and pathways related with craniofacial development as primary candidates in 199 MP cases and 197 controls and carried out a series of statistical and functional analyses. A nonsynonymous common variant of MYO1H rs3825393, C>T, p.Pro1001Leu, was identified to be significantly associated with MP. During zebrafish embryologic development, expression of MYO1H orthologous genes were detected at mandibular jaw. Furthermore, jaw cartilage defects were observed in zebrafish knockdown models. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MYO1H is required for proper jaw growth and contributes to MP pathogenesis, expanding our knowledge of the genetic basis of MP.
Do National Homicide Rates Follow Supranational Trends?
Authors: Rogers Meghan L. , Pridemore William Alex
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

We explored supranational trends in national homicide rates. We searched for a global trend, regional trends, and trends specific to other theoretically relevant groups of nations. We also tested two common metanarratives—modernization and conflict—as potential explanations for any global trend present in homicide rates.

Method:

We obtained annual homicide victimization rates for 94 nations between 1979 and 2013. We examined year-to-year differences, squared semipartial correlation coefficients to search for supranational trends, and pooled cross-sectional mixed models to test potential explanations of any global trend.

Results:

There was a very weak global homicide trend. We found strong regional trends in Eastern Europe and in Northern Europe, a weak trend for South and Central America, and no trend for Asia. Both wealthy and nonwealthy nations exhibited weak trends. Transitional nations shared a strong homicide trend. Modernization and conflict theories fared poorly as explanations for the weak global trend.

Conclusions:

The presence or absence of supranational homicide trends holds significant implications for theory. A weak global trend is evidence against widely held metanarratives such as the modernization, civilizing, and conflict perspectives. Strong subregional homicide trends in Eastern Europe and Northern Europe demand further exploration and should shift popular attention away from Western Europe. The lack of a homicide trend in developed or developing nations and the presence of a strong trend among transitional nations are curious features requiring further consideration.
The fruits of better roads and waterways: Facilitating fertiliser improvement through transport innovations in 18th-century Flemish Husbandry
Authors: De Graef Pieter
Published: July 2018

Whereas the consensus is growing that access of rural production to urban markets improved thanks to new transport infrastructure, the question of whether improved water and road transport also favoured agricultural productivity through the supply of urban and industrial fertilisers has remained unanswered. Taking the smallholding economy of inland Flanders as a case-study, this article shows that improved transport infrastructure did not create a demand market for agricultural inputs by itself. It was commercial opportunities or challenges and social circumstances (such as increasing farm rents) that stimulated cultivators to change their farming strategies (e.g. buying more off-farm fertilisers), whereas new transport infrastructure only helped to ease the supply of agricultural inputs such as off-farm fertilisers in a period when demand for these inputs was increasing.
Finite element analysis of cotton ginning state based on ANSYS
Authors: Chen Xiaochuan , Wang Di , Qiu Yiping , Wang Jun , Li Yong , Li Bin
Published: July 2018

To analyze the stress state of seed cotton in the process of cotton ginning and to improve the quality of lint, a new model for cotton, the laminated cotton model, is presented based on the idea of a composite laminate. The model assumes the cotton mass is made up of a certain number of cotton fibers, each of which has a different arrangement angle. Based on this model, the ginning process is simulated using finite element analysis. The mechanical properties of a single cotton fiber that is either machine- or hand-picked are obtained. The working condition of the ginning process is described successfully. By analyzing the influence of different working conditions on the serration cotton ginning process, the simulation results show the model prediction is reasonably consistent with existing experiments. For example, to improve the productivity and quality of lint, it is important to guarantee the saw teeth are sharp and smooth, with none being crooked or inverted, and missing teeth on each saw blade should not exceed the specified value.
Punch shear performance and damage mechanisms of three-dimensional braided composite with different thicknesses
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong , Pan Zhijuan
Published: July 2018

In this study, the punch shear properties and damage mechanism of three-dimensional braided carbon/epoxy composites with different thicknesses are investigated both experimentally and numerically. Three kinds of specimen thickness are prepared: 3 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm. A modified split Hopkinson pressure bar with a specially designed punch shear fixture are used to conduct the punch shear tests. The results indicate that the punch shear modulus increases along with the specimen thickness, whereas the peak punch stress shows insensitivity to the change in thickness. The specific energy absorption decreases with an increase in thickness due to a reduction in composite damage. Moreover, the dominant failure modes under punch shear loadings are discussed through SEM examinations and finite element analysis. The results show a high level of agreement between the experimental and finite element analysis models. Particularly, the finite element analysis model simulates the punch shear damage evolution at various high strain rates. Both the stress distribution and stress propagation process are also investigated in the model. It is found that a low-stress zone appeared in the punch region and the zone area decreases as the thickness increases.
Managing Whiteness: The Call for Educational Leadership to Breach the Contractual Expectations of White Supremacy
Authors: Allen Ricky Lee , Liou Daniel D.
Published: July 2018

Judge Robert Carter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) argued that White supremacy is the leading cause of de facto segregation. However, White supremacy is still undertheorized in educational leadership. Through the lens of Charles Mills’ racial contract, this article interprets a controversy surrounding White teachers’ expectations in a racially integrated high school. White supremacy operates in schools in the following ways: (a) meritocracy as property, (b) institutional violence as colonialism, and (c) racial othering as racial selfing. This article calls upon school leaders to “manage” Whiteness and disrupt the racial contract as a strategy to confront structural racism in urban schooling.
An Ordinal, Concept-driven Approach to Measurement: The Lexical Scale
Authors: Gerring John , Pemstein Daniel , Skaaning Svend-Erik
Published: July 2018

A key obstacle to measurement is the aggregation problem. Where indicators tap into common latent traits in theoretically meaningful ways, the problem may be solved by applying a data-informed (“inductive”) measurement model, for example, factor analysis, structural equation models, or item response theory. Where they do not, researchers solve the aggregation problem by appeal to concept-driven (“deductive”) criteria, that is, aggregation schemes that do not presume patterns of covariance across observable indicators. This article introduces a novel approach to scale construction that builds on the properties of concepts to solve the aggregation problem. This is accomplished by regarding conceptual attributes as necessary-and-sufficient conditions arrayed in an ordinal scale. While different sorts of scales are useful for different purposes, we argue that “lexical” scales are in many cases superior for research questions where it is relevant to combine the differentiation of an ordinal scale with the distinct, meaningful categories of a typology.
Development of the Broad Learning Adult Questionnaire
Authors: Leanos Shirley , Coons Jennifer , Rebok George W. , Ozer Daniel J. , Wu Rachel
Published: July 2018

Infants and children experience an intense form of intellectual engagement associated with learning a variety of new skills. A recent theory proposes that such broad learning experiences may be the key to maximal cognitive development not just during infancy and childhood but also during adulthood. To begin investigating this possibility, the present questionnaire on broad learning in adulthood builds on prior research on need for cognition, intellectual engagement, personal growth, and leisure activities. After several rounds with preliminary versions of the questionnaire, the final version consists of 28 items. Responses were gathered from two mTurk samples to measure scale reliability and to assess model fit. In the end, we obtained a satisfactory measure of broad learning that consists of six separate reliable scales. Once this questionnaire is validated in future studies, perhaps it could be used as a predictor for cognitive development during adulthood and for interventions inducing broad learning.
Simultaneous feasible injectivity of foam and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide to optimize the oil recovery enhancement
Authors: Davarpanah Afshin , Akbari Erfan , Doudman-Kushki Mohammadreza , Ketabi Hamed , Hemmati Mahmoud
Published: July 2018

Foam flooding is considered as one of the beneficial chemical enhanced oil recovery techniques to increase the value of gas viscosity and thereby, the efficiency of the produced oil would be improved dramatically rather than other methodologies. The objective of this extensive study is to determine a suitable injectivity model for one of the heterogeneous sandstone reservoir in which hydrolyzed polyacrylamide concentration in the solution foam has the most recovery factor. To do this, the results of laboratory investigation and simulation analysis are taken into consideration in different injectivity scenarios to obtain the more efficient scenario. Consequently, higher concentration of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in the foaming agent, the high volume of oil has been produced after 10 years of producing. Furthermore, by selecting three cores from the three wells in this field, it is clarified that, owing to the increasing the volume of foam in the injectivity fluid, the pressure drop increased dramatically and subsequently has leaded to produced more oil volume.
Closeness Discrepancies and Intimacy Interference: Motivations for HIV Prevention Behavior in Primary Romantic Relationships
Authors: Gamarel Kristi E. , Golub Sarit A.
Published: July 2018

Relational closeness has been positively associated with relationship quality and mental health; however, desire for closeness and intimacy in a relationship may also motivate sexual risk-taking, that is, forgoing condom use. This study examined the impact of desiring more closeness with a primary partner (i.e., motivation for reducing closeness discrepancies) on HIV prevention behavior. Using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as a case study, we examined the extent to which closeness discrepancies motivate behavioral intentions (Study 1) and actual behavior (Study 2). In both studies, desiring more closeness and believing that condoms interfere with intimacy were independently positively associated with PrEP adoption. Understanding the relational needs for closeness and intimacy in motivating prevention behavior is critical for social psychology, relationship science, and public health efforts to improve sexual health.
The association between migraine and hospital readmission due to pain after surgery: A hospital registry study
Authors: Platzbecker Katharina , Zhang Megan Behua , Kurth Tobias , Rudolph Maira Isabella , Eikermann-Haerter Katharina , Burstein Rami , Eikermann Matthias , Houle Timothy
Published: July 2018

Background

Migraine has been identified as a risk factor of 30-day hospital readmission after surgery. We aimed to further characterize this association examining pain as a potentially migraine-associated, preventable reason for readmission.

Hypothesis

Compared to patients with no migraine, surgical patients with migraine are at increased risk of 30-day hospital readmission with an admitting diagnosis specifying pain.

Methods

This hospital registry study examined 150,710 patients aged 18 years and above, who underwent surgery with general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation between 2007 and 2015 at a tertiary care center and two affiliated community hospitals in Massachusetts, USA.

Results

Migraine was associated with an increased risk of 30-day pain-related readmission after surgery (adjusted odds ratio 1.42 [95% confidence interval 1.15–1.75]). The association was stronger for migraine with aura (compared to migraine without aura: Adjusted odds ratio 1.69 [95% confidence interval 1.06–2.70]; compared to no migraine: Adjusted odds ratio 2.20 [95% confidence interval 1.44–3.37]). The predicted adjusted risk of pain-related 30-day readmissions was 9.1 [95% confidence interval 5.3–13.0] in 1000 surgical patients with migraine with aura and 5.4 [95% confidence interval 4.2–6.6] in 1000 patients with migraine without aura, compared to 4.2 [95% confidence interval 3.8–4.5] in 1000 patients with no migraine. Furthermore, migraine was associated with an increased risk of postsurgical 30-day readmission due to a priori defined migraine-related pain (headache or abdominal pain) (adjusted odds ratio 1.55 [95% confidence interval 1.20–2.00]).

Conclusion

Patients with migraine undergoing surgery are at increased risk of 30-day hospital readmission due to pain.
Efficacy and safety of erenumab (AMG334) in chronic migraine patients with prior preventive treatment failure: A subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Tepper Stewart , Brandes Jan Lewis , Reuter Uwe , Boudreau Guy , Dolezil David , Cheng Sunfa , Zhang Feng , Lenz Robert , Klatt Jan , Mikol Daniel D
Published: July 2018

Background

Erenumab was effective and well tolerated in a pivotal clinical trial of chronic migraine. Here, we evaluated efficacy and safety of monthly erenumab (70 mg or 140 mg) versus placebo in the subgroup of patients who had previously failed preventive treatment(s) (≥ 1, ≥ 2 prior failed medication categories) and in patients who had never failed.

Methods

Subgroup analyses evaluated change from baseline in monthly migraine days; achievement of ≥ 50% and ≥ 75% reduction in monthly migraine days; and change in monthly acute migraine-specific medication days. Adverse events were evaluated for each subgroup.

Results

Treatment with both doses of erenumab resulted in greater reductions in monthly migraine days (primary endpoint) at Month 3 (treatment difference [95% CI], never failed subgroup: −2.2 [−4.1, −0.3] for 70 mg and −0.5 [−2.4, 1.5] for 140 mg; ≥ 1 prior failed medication categories subgroup: −2.5 [−3.8, −1.2], for 70 mg and −3.3 [−4.6, −2.1] for 140 mg; ≥ 2 prior failed medication categories subgroup: −2.7 [−4.2, −1.2], for 70 mg and −4.3 [−5.8, −2.8] for 140 mg). Similar results were observed in the monthly acute migraine-specific medication days endpoint, and in the achievement of ≥ 50% and ≥ 75% reduction in monthly migraine days. There were no new or unexpected safety issues.

Conclusion

Erenumab showed consistent efficacy in chronic migraine patients who had failed prior preventive treatments and was well tolerated across subgroups.
Evolution of pool fire plume characteristics during the depressurization process of an aircraft cargo compartment
Authors: Li Cong , Yang Rui , Yao Yina , Tao Zhenxiang , Zhang Hui
Published: July 2018

This article presents an experimental investigation on the pool fire plume characteristics in a full-scale depressurized aircraft cargo compartment. The effects of decreasing pressure and vent flow rate on the fire characteristics such as flame shape, flame puffing, flame height, and centerline temperature were analyzed. The results show that during the depressurization process, the ventilation had an activation effect on the mass loss rate, and its increment had a linear relationship with the dimensionless ventilation factor. In addition, the larger depressurized rate caused the larger dimensionless ventilation factor and further resulted in the larger increment of mass loss rate. The flame puffing frequency was determined by the ratio of the gas density in the flame area of that in the ambient air, which increased with the drop of pressure. For flame centerline temperature, there was a counteraction area in the flame intermittent region, where the centerline temperature had almost no difference before and after the depressurization. The conclusions could provide the theoretical base and reference materials for the fire disaster in the cargo compartment of real aircrafts.
Adult Education as a Stepping-Stone to Better Jobs: An Analysis of the Adult Education Survey in Turkey
Authors: Cilasun Seyit Mümin , Demir-Şeker Sırma , Dincer N. Nergiz , Tekin-Koru Ayça
Published: July 2018

The objective of this article is to investigate whether adult education (AE) can be used as a tool in facilitating transitions to/in the labor market, using the cross-sectional Adult Education Survey of Turkey (2012). AE is defined as the nonformal education for individuals aged older than 25 years. The outcome of AE is measured by changing jobs for employed and finding a job for the unemployed. Concentrating on employed people, we analyze both the determinants and the outcome of participation in AE for the purpose of changing jobs; and second, concentrating on unemployed people, we analyze both the determinants and the outcome of participation in AE for the purpose of getting employed. We find that once young males who are already working participate in AE for changing work, independent of their education or how AE is financed, they can be successful in doing so. The results of the paper suggest that AE programs offered by the government can serve as a tool in increasing income of the less educated and the unemployed by facilitating their transition to the labor market.
Mandatory Reporting of Domestic Violence: What Do Abuse Survivors Think and What Variables Influence Those Opinions?
Authors: Jordan Carol E. , Pritchard Adam J.
Published: July 2018

For decades, states have passed legislation to mandate reporting of criminal conduct and the abuse of vulnerable persons. Four types of mandatory reporting laws have been enacted, including laws that require reports of injuries associated with crime or due to use of certain weapons, abuse of children, abuse of vulnerable adults, and reporting of domestic violence. While studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mandatory reporting laws in domestic violence cases, methodological weaknesses in this body of literature make it difficult to make broad statements about whether mandatory reporting laws advance women’s protection or actually place them at additional risk. This study’s sample is based on 388 surveys administered in-person to women who had sought services from one of Kentucky’s 15 regional domestic violence shelters. In addition to querying women regarding their own experience with mandatory reporting laws, the survey explored the factors that influenced women’s views. The study advances research into women’s decisions to access shelters, medical, or mental health services and how they are influenced by advance knowledge that their case would be reported if they disclosed abuse. A new and troubling finding was that almost two in five women reported they would have been less likely to contact a domestic violence shelter if they knew in advance that a mandatory report would be made. Future research on mandatory reporting is needed with an eye toward changing state policies and laws to ensure that women feel free to seek the type of assistance they need for themselves and their children.
A New Populist Divide? Correspondences of Supply and Demand in the 2015 Polish Parliamentary Elections
Authors: Stanley Ben
Published: July 2018

This paper uses a new set of questions to analyse the impact of populist attitudes on party preferences and voting behaviour in the 2015 Polish parliamentary elections. At these elections, voters faced a choice between two broad blocs: parties that accepted the “liberal-orthodox” model of post-communist politics, and those that rejected this model and the political elites associated with its implementation. I find that there is a coherent set of populist attitudes among the Polish electorate, and that it correlates with economic and cultural attitudes in ways consistent with the supply-side divide between liberal and anti-liberal parties. Analysis of the individual and combined impact of these attitudes on voting behaviour reveals that populism plays a significant role both in structuring the sentiments of voters towards particular kinds of political parties and in determining how they cast their vote.
Governing Through Volunteering: The Discursive Field of Government-Initiated Volunteering in the Form of Workfare Volunteering
Authors: De Waele Els , Hustinx Lesley
Published: July 2018

Increasing third-party intervention in volunteering represents a key change in the environment of volunteering. One significant expression is “workfare volunteering”: the governmental use of volunteering to foster the economic and/or social reintegration of social assistance recipients. We contribute to existing theory on “third-party volunteering” by studying the shifting discursive field in which volunteering becomes re-entangled with workfare volunteering. Our contribution is based on a governmentality-inspired discourse analysis of internal documents on workfare volunteering in one Belgian social assistance center. We conclude that workfare volunteering entails a strong violation of “voluntary” and “unpaid” properties of volunteering, relegates volunteering to an inferior status relative to paid work, and depicts workfare volunteers as suffering from a clear deficit: the inability to work under regular labor market condition. Through the discursive entanglement of various citizenship frames, the workfare volunteer is cast as an ever-aspiring, yet permanently failing citizen.
Directional equilibria
Authors: Chung Hun , Duggan John
Published: July 2018

We propose the solution concept of directional equilibrium for the multidimensional model of voting with general spatial preferences. This concept isolates alternatives that are stable with respect to forces applied by all voters in the directions of their gradients, and it extends a known concept from statistics for Euclidean preferences. We establish connections to the majority core, Pareto optimality, and existence and closed graph, and we provide non-cooperative foundations in terms of a local contest game played by voters.
Doubly robust weighted log-rank tests and Renyi-type tests under non-random treatment assignment and dependent censoring
Authors: Li Chenxi
Published: July 2018

The log-rank test is widely used to test difference in event time distribution between treatment groups. However, if subjects are not randomly assigned to treatment groups, which is often the case in observation studies, the log-rank test is not asymptotically correct for detecting group survival difference due to the imbalance of confounding variables between groups. We develop a class of modified weighted log-rank tests and Renyi-type tests for two-sample survival comparison under non-random treatment assignment. The new tests can also account for non-random censoring that depends on baseline covariates. The proposed methods involve building working models for treatment assignment, cause-specific hazard of dependent censoring, and the time to event. We prove that, when either the models for treatment assignment and dependent censoring or the model for the event time is true, the new tests are asymptotically correct, i.e. being doubly robust. Numerical experiments demonstrate the tests’ double-robustness property in finite samples of realistic sizes, and also show that the doubly robust log-rank test is at least as powerful as the regular log-rank test when the treatment assignment is random and there is no dependent censoring. An application to a kidney transplant data set illustrates the utility of the proposed methods.
An Assessment of Sectoral Dynamics and Employment Shift in Indian and Chinese Economy
Authors: Khan Waseem , Fatima Sana
Published: July 2018

This study has analysed structural transformation and inter-sectoral relationships of the Indian and the Chinese economy. Variation in employment dynamics across the sectors and growth instability is also examined by taking data from the World Development Indicators (WDI, 2015) of the World Bank. The study has revealed that there is a gradual decline in agriculture in both the countries. Both the economies are now concentrating at service sectors. China is fully exploiting its industrial sector potential while India has been lagging behind in this sector. Johansen’s cointegration approach revealed the existence of one cointegration relationship among all the three sectors, namely, agricultural, industrial and services, at 5 per cent level of significance for both the countries. A passive employment shift has been seen from agriculture to non-agriculture sector in India. Occupational transformation in China is faster than India. Policy makers should focus on job generation, especially in services and labour intensive manufacturing sector in India. China should try to create jobs in industrial and services sector because agriculture sector has been sharply declining and is still carrying huge load of employment.
Exponential Technology, Industry 4.0 and Future of Jobs in India
Authors: Mashelkar R. A.
Published: July 2018

Advance in technology leads to economic growth, and in turn to creation of new jobs, while making some old jobs obsolete. However, the rise of exponential technologies such as mobile internet, internet of things, big data analytics, artificial intelligence, etc. is disrupting this cycle dramatically, affecting jobs that used brawn as well as brain. This article analyses the impact of this shift in the Indian context and suggests several policy measures for government, industry and also institutions to prepare for the future of jobs in India, so that we do not face the grim prospect of jobless Indian growth.

JEL: O00, 038, E24.
Influence of Work-Related Factors on Work Ability Among Young Cambodian Migrant Workers in Thailand
Authors: Kaewboonchoo Orawan , Awatsadarak Akkarawat , Jonglertmontree Woraluk , Dejkun Adchara
Published: July 2018

This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effects of work-related factors on work ability among young Cambodian migrant workers in Thailand. The participants consisted of 258 Cambodian migrant workers working in farms in the northeast region of Thailand. Work-related factors consisted of a general work environment and a psychosocial factor. General work environment was assessed by perception of subjects on biological, chemical, physical, and ergonomic factors. The psychosocial factor was assessed by the Job Content Questionnaire. The Work Ability Index was used to evaluate their work ability. Logistic regression analysis was applied to test the association between work-related factors and work ability. The results indicate that a chemical work environment and psychosocial factor associated with Work Ability Index among young Cambodian migrant workers, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. These findings suggest that improving the work environment would be the most effective way to increase the work ability of Cambodian migrant workers in Thailand.
Maximum energy conversion from human motion using piezoelectric flex transducer: A multi-level surrogate modeling strategy
Authors: Luo Liheng , Liu Dianzi , Zhu Meiling , Liu Yijie , Ye Jianqiao
Published: July 2018

Conventional engineering design optimization requires a large amount of expensive experimental tests from prototypes or computer simulations, which may result in an inefficient and unaffordable design process. In order to overcome these disadvantages, a surrogate model may be used to replace the prototype tests. To construct a surrogate model of sufficient accuracy from limited number of tests/simulations, a multi-level surrogate modeling strategy is introduced in this article. First, a chosen number of points determined by optimal Latin Hypercube Design of Experiments are used to generate global-level surrogate models with genetic programming and the fitness landscape can be explored by genetic algorithms for near-optimal solutions. Local-level surrogate models are constructed then from the extended-optimal Latin Hypercube samples in the vicinity of global optimum on the basis of a much smaller number of chosen points. As a result, an improved optimal design is achieved. The efficiency of this strategy is demonstrated by the parametric optimization design of a piezoelectric flex transducer energy harvester. The optimal design is verified by finite element simulations and the results show that the proposed multi-level surrogate modeling strategy has the advantages of faster convergence and more efficiency in comparison with the conventional single-single level surrogate modeling technique.
Trauma Trainees’ Multiple Competing Goals in Opioid Prescription Communication
Authors: Adams Elizabeth Troutman , Cohen Elisia L. , Bernard Andrew , Darnell Whittney , Helme Donald W.
Published: July 2018

Prescription opioids and heroin account for more than half of all drug overdose fatalities, costing an estimated 115 American lives every day. The ongoing opioid epidemic devastates communities and represents a tremendous burden to the national economy and health care system. In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy proposed action to train prescribers on the proper dispensing of opioids, which are indispensable pharmacologic resources for treating acute pain resulting from a traumatic injury or surgery. Trauma surgeons who prescribe opioids for severe pain embark on patient consultations with multiple and conflicting goals respective to their roles as a healers of the suffering, regulators of illicit substances, members of a greater medical system working to contain an opioid epidemic, and moral beings with a distinct set of preferences, experiences, social norms, and practice philosophies. Semistructured interviews with 17 trauma and surgical residents and fellows at a southeastern academic medical center in the United States generated descriptive data regarding prescribing practices and patient communication. Guided by the multiple goals framework, the current research presents three prominent themes depicting the problematic convergence of identity, task, and relational goals during opioid-prescribing conversations between trauma trainees and their patients.
Can Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors Palliate Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Cancer?
Authors: Balko Ryan A. , Hendrickson Andrea Wahner , Grudem Megan E. , Klampe Carolyn M. , Jatoi Aminah
Published: July 2018

Background:

Paclitaxel-treated patients can suffer from years of peripheral neuropathy with pain, numbness, and tingling. Promising preclinical data with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors led us to explore this class of agents to palliate this neuropathy.

Methods:

We relied on a completed trial that tested the antineoplastic effects of veliparib (NCT01012817). Data from patients who had been enrolled on NCT01012817, who previously received paclitaxel, and who had completed a validated pain assessment instrument were evaluated for improvement in their pain scores.

Results:

All 34 eligible patients were women, and all had a metastatic gynecological malignancy. On a 10-point scale (higher numbers indicative of worse pain), the average baseline score was 3.6 (range: 0-7). Seven patients (21%; 95% confidence interval: 9%-38%) manifested a drop in pain score (1 score lower than baseline followed by at least one consecutive value also below baseline). Of note, no patients initiated other therapy for neuropathy while on NCT01012817.

Conclusion:

The PARP inhibitors merit further study for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. For patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy, these putative palliative effects might prompt earlier consideration of a PARP inhibitor as part of cancer treatment.
Nasometric Comparison Between Spanish–English Bilingual and English Monolingual Children
Authors: Perry Jamie L. , Kotlarek Katelyn , Mendez Lucia , Holt Yolanda , Fafulas Stephen , Broadwell Katie
Published: July 2018

Objective:

It is well established in the literature that English diagnostic tests should not be directly applied to speakers whose primary language is Spanish. Normative nasalance data across word and sentence-level stimuli among Spanish–English bilingual children living in the United States have not been provided. The present study aims to (1) compare differences in nasalance between typically developing Spanish–English bilingual children and English-speaking monolingual children and (2) determine whether within-speaker nasalance differences exist in Spanish–English bilingual children when presented with English and Spanish speech stimuli.

Design:

Thirty-four typically developing children including 17 monolingual English speakers and 17 Spanish–English bilingual speakers with normal velopharyngeal anatomy between 5 and 7 years of age participated in the study. Speakers were recorded using a nasometer producing sets of stimulus items at the word and sentence level in English (English monolinguals) and in both Spanish and English for bilingual children.

Results:

Results indicated no statistically significant difference between nasalance values across the different stimuli between monolingual and bilingual participants. However, within-subject effects showed statistical significance between English and Spanish word stimuli among the bilingual group.

Conclusions:

These findings emphasize the importance of using language-specific diagnostic materials for nasalance testing, which would be of importance in the treatment of individuals with cleft palate.
A Systematic Review of ICU and Non-ICU Clinical Pharmacy Services Using Telepharmacy
Authors: Strnad Kyle , Shoulders Bethany R. , Smithburger Pamela L. , Kane-Gill Sandra L.
Published: July 2018

Objective: To assess the impact of telepharmacy services in the acute care setting. Data Sources: EMBase, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS database searches were performed through April 2018. Study Selection and Data Extraction: PRISMA guidelines were applied for this systematic review. All English-language studies meeting the criteria of the following population, intervention, comparison, and outcome question were included: What impact does the provision of inpatient clinical pharmacy services delivered via telemedicine have on patient outcomes compared with standard of care? Data Synthesis: A total of 11 studies were identified for the acute care setting, including 3 for critically ill patients. All studies demonstrated a positive impact on patient outcomes, nursing satisfaction, and disease management. Varying modes of telepharmacy technology were used, such as remote access to electronic medical records, faxing or scanning documents, pictures or webcams. For communication purposes, telepharmacists used email or electronic communication, facsimile, video review, or telephone to speak directly with hospital personnel and patients. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Inpatient telepharmacy is feasible and should be leveraged to further enhance patient care by complementing existing service models. Conclusions: Telepharmacy services enhanced patient outcomes, improved nursing satisfaction, and expanded services within inpatient settings. Similar technologies were leveraged in non–intensive care units (ICUs) and ICUs, but the goals of telepharmacy appeared to differ. ICUs focused on an expansion of services in the ICU and non-ICUs addressed improved patient outreach in rural areas.
The Foreign Policy Rhetoric of Populism: Chávez, Oil, and Anti-imperialism
Authors: Sagarzazu Iñaki , Thies Cameron G.
Published: July 2018

Populists are often identified based on their behavior, but the discursive element of their identities is also a frequently observed characteristic of this type of leader. We examine the determinants of populist foreign policy rhetoric in the case of Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez. We argue that a leftist populist leader such as Chávez will focus on anti-imperialist themes, and we consider two mechanisms that may indicate the conditions under which he will use them: diversion, which would typically be expected from a populist, and capacity. We use time-series analysis of rhetorical data scraped from the entire corpus of Aló Presidente—Chávez’s weekly television series—to test our hypotheses. The evidence supports the capacity mechanism, that Chávez is emboldened to use anti-imperialist rhetoric when the price of oil is high. His rhetoric, thus, matches his resources and ability to provide domestic and international goods to support his own identity as a protector and savior of the common people from domestic and global elites engaged in the imperialistic enterprise.
Child Sexual Abuse and Criminal Offending: Gender-Specific Effects and the Role of Abuse Characteristics and Other Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Papalia Nina , Ogloff James R. P. , Cutajar Margaret , Mullen Paul E.
Published: July 2018

This study sought to enhance knowledge of the link between child sexual abuse (CSA) and long-term criminality by investigating gender-specific effects and the role of index sexual abuse characteristics, revictimization, and serious mental health problems. An Australian sample of 2,759 documented cases of sexual abuse and 2,677 community controls were linked to statewide police records and public mental health service databases, with a follow-up period of 13–44 years. Four key findings emerged from the analysis: (1) CSA victims were more likely than controls to engage in all types of criminal behaviors including violent, sexual, and other offending; (2) gender moderated the relationship between CSA and criminal offending, with stronger associations found among females for general and violent offending, and among males for sexual offending; (3) certain features of the index sexual abuse (i.e., developmental period, number of perpetrators, relation to perpetrator), further victimization experiences, and the development of serious mental health problems were all associated with an increased likelihood of criminal behavior among CSA victims; (4) CSA victims who engaged in criminal offending were more likely to present with cumulative risks than victims not engaging in criminal offending. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Poser: A Research Imposter at Play
Authors: Amatucci Kristi Bruce
Published: July 2018

This article explores the “behind-the-scenes” of the author’s dissertation study, a postqualitative examination of teacher subjectivity written in narrative form. Here, the author proposes a new name for her work— incidental research. Although she resists a prescriptive definition of the term, the article itself is a demonstration of what incidental research might look like—spontaneous, unpredictable, meandering, and evocative. Writing in a playful style, the author engages post theories to argue for an expansive notion of what post qualitative research can be and do, all the while fearing she might accurately be perceived as an imposter.
The role of the pharmacist in the multidisciplinary approach to the prevention and resolution of drug-related problems in cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Boşnak Ahmet S , Birand Nevzat , Diker Ömer , Abdi Abdikarim , Başgut Bilgen
Published: July 2018

Background

Clinical pharmacists have important roles in implementing scientifically valid knowledge and advice on safe, reasonable use of pharmaceuticals. Clinical pharmacy services were introduced and evaluated in oncology clinic in a tertiary university hospital.

Methods

A prospective interventional study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018. Drug-related problems were classified using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe drug-related problem classification tool v8.01. The main outcome measure is the proposed interventions aimed at identification of the drug-related problems, the role of the pharmacists in the resolution, and the rate of acceptance of these recommendations by physicians.

Results

A total of 102 patients were included in the study, who were treated with at least two cycles of any cancer type and stage. A total of 55 (53.9%) patients had 251 drug-related problems. Drug-related problems mainly involved antihypertensive (31.6%), antidiabetic (17.8%), and herbal agents (31.6%). Treatment effectiveness was the major type of drug-related problems (50.2%) followed by treatment safety (29.1%). A total of 211 (100%) interventions were accepted and regarded as clinically relevant. Prescriber informed only were the most common types of intervention at the prescriber level. Eighty-six point four percent identified drug-related problems were solved, 9.8% of the problems were partially solved, 2.3% problems were unsolved.

Conclusion

Clinical pharmacy services may have optimized therapy effectiveness, prevent adverse effects and unclear/compliant problems. The pharmacist interventions were highly acknowledged by oncologists and patients; this may indicate the presence of a great convenience and need to implement Clinical pharmacy services in alternative hospitals in Northern Cyprus.
Seeing the Invisible Knapsack: Feminist Men’s Strategic Responses to the Continuation of Male Privilege in Feminist Spaces
Authors: Peretz Tal
Published: July 2018

Privilege has been primarily conceptualized as invisible to those whom it benefits, but research on whiteness has suggested this is an oversimplification. Through interviews with fifty-two men who engage in gender justice projects and twelve women who work with them, this article investigates the complex ways some men do see, understand, and critique male privilege, as well as the ambivalent feelings and strategic decisions of both the men and women in response to the continuation of male privilege in feminist spaces. Many describe a “pedestal effect,” wherein men receive disproportionate rewards for their work as feminist allies. Emergent themes include five types of benefits, as well as internal conflict among interviewees who recognize that these added benefits conflict with their egalitarian ideologies. These men negotiate the contradiction between their anti-sexist commitments and the unequal appreciation they receive for these commitments in situationally specific ways and tend to be more satisfied with their responses at the microlevel than at the macrolevel. These results support a retheorization of privilege to recognize that it operates at multiple analytic levels and that individual action is often insufficient to address structural privilege.
Guidewire-induced asystole complicating a right internal jugular catheter placement in a patient with pre-existing left bundle branch block: A case report
Authors: Arafa Ramadan , Khammas Hassan , Agrawal Amrish
Published: July 2018

Internal jugular venous catheters are widely used for hemodialysis as permanent vascular access in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease or transiently for acute hemodialysis. The Seldinger technique is the most widely used technique in catheter insertion. The guidewire-related complications are rare but sometimes it has significant morbidity and mortality. In this case report, we have a patient who developed asystole during catheter insertion which required transvenous pacemaker insertion.
Patient Discomfort and Resident Confidence After Knee Intra-articular Injection Simulation Training: A Randomized Control Trial Study
Authors: Amoako Adae O , Pujalte George GA , Kaushik Neha , Riley Timothy
Published: July 2018

Teaching primary care providers how to perform musculoskeletal procedures has become increasingly important as more and more patients with orthopedic conditions present in primary care clinics. This study aims to evaluate whether targeted simulation model training in residency can increase residents’ comfort level in performing intra-articular knee injections and decrease the pain of the procedure, as reported by patients injected. Residents were randomized into intervention and control groups. The comfort level of the residents as well as the pain levels from the procedures, as reported by patients, was recorded. The mean comfort level for the intervention group was 1.2, compared with that in the control group, which was 2.13; P value was .047. The mean pain level in the intervention group was 1.8, whereas in the control group was 3.63; P value was .156. Simulation training may boost residents’ comfort level, but not necessarily decrease patient discomfort during intra-articular knee injections.
Cerebrospinal fluid mitochondrial DNA levels in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fissolo Nicolas , Cervera-Carles Laura , Villar Guimerans Luisa María , Lleó Alberto , Clarimón Jordi , Drulovic Jelena , Dujmovic Irena , Voortman Margarete , Khalil Michael , Gil Elia , Navarro Laura , Álvarez-Cermeño Jose Carlos , Montalban Xavier , Comabella Manuel
Published: July 2018

The role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels as biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. We determined CSF mtDNA levels in a cohort of 237 individuals, including patients with MS and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological controls, and cognitively healthy controls (HC). mtDNA concentration was measured by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. CSF mtDNA levels were increased in all pathological conditions compared with HC, though no differences were observed between relapse-onset and progressive MS clinical forms, CIS patients and neurological controls. These findings do not support the determination of CSF mtDNA levels as a useful biomarker in MS clinical practice.