bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Free-Text Information in Falls Incident Reports Assist to Explain How and Why the Falls Occurred in a Hospital Setting?
Authors: de Jong Lex D. , Francis-Coad Jacqueline , Waldron Nicholas , Ingram Katharine , McPhail Steven M. , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Haines Terry P. , Flicker Leon , Weselman Tammy , Hill Anne-Marie
Published: September 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore whether information captured in falls reports in incident management systems could be used to explain how and why the falls occurred, with a view to identifying whether such reports can be a source of subsequent learnings that inform practice change.

Methods

An analysis of prospectively collected falls incident reports found in the incident management systems from eight Western Australian hospitals during a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial. The falls reported occurred in a cohort of older hospital patients (mean age = 82 y) on rehabilitation wards. Data coded from free-text comments in the incident reports were analyzed using deductive content analysis.

Results

In the 493 analyzed falls incident reports, qualitative information describing aspects of the fall that clarified the patient, staff, and environment-related contributory factors was consistently low. Reports infrequently contained information about patients’ and staff’s call bell use behaviors (13%–19% of reports), fidelity of implementation of the care plan (8%) or environment-related factors such as bed settings (20%), and presence of clutter at the fall location (1%). The patients’ account of the fall was present in less than 50% of reports, with an absence of concurrent text, which explained whether patient cognitive impairment was the reason for not obtaining this first-person account of the incident.

Conclusions

Falls reports in hospital incident management systems may not capture adequate information to explain how and why falls occur. This could limit creation of effective feedback loops to drive quality improvement efforts and targeted practice change.
Come on baby, let's do the twist: the kinematics of killing in loggerhead shrikes
Authors: Sustaita Diego , Rubega Margaret A. , Farabaugh Susan M.
Published: September 2018

Shrikes use their beaks for procuring, dispatching and processing their arthropod and vertebrate prey. However, it is not clear how the raptor-like bill of this predatory songbird functions to kill vertebrate prey that may weigh more than the shrike itself. In this paper, using high-speed videography, we observed that upon seizing prey with their beaks, shrikes performed rapid (6–17 Hz; 49–71 rad s−1) axial head-rolling movements. These movements accelerated the bodies of their prey about their own necks atg-forces of approximately 6g, and may be sufficient to cause pathological damage to the cervical vertebrae and spinal cord. Thus, when tackling relatively large vertebrates, shrikes appear to use inertia of their prey's own body against them.
Frank Henry Westheimer. 15 January 1912—14 April 2007
Authors: Benner Steven , Corey Elias J.
Published: September 2018

Frank H. Westheimer integrated physical and organic chemistry to become an important contributor to the field that came to be called ‘physical organic chemistry’. He then went on to apply physical organic chemistry to the study of biological transformations. He identified fundamental classes of chemical reactions, studied in detail how they occurred in a relevant non-biological format and then investigated corresponding enzymatic reactions. These included oxidation–reduction, decarboxylation and phosphate transfer reactions. In the process, he made fundamental observations in the field of bio-organic chemistry he had helped to create. This line of research led to conceptual advances relevant to the ability of enzymes to distinguish enantiotopic and diastereotopic centres in their substrates, the perturbation of p
K
a
values in enzymatic active sites as a source of catalytic power, and the broad range of transition state structures available for reactions at electrophilic phosphorus. These studies prompted similar work across many classes of enzymatic reactions. These experiments also benefitted from Westheimer's guidance in the application of kinetic isotope effects to probe reaction transition states, his invention of molecular mechanics to understand molecular dynamics, his widely cast studies on how organic reactivity depends on the molecular environment and his demonstration that photochemistry could be used to probe structure in complex biological systems.
Durward W. J. Cruickshank. 7 March 1924—13 July 2007
Authors: Beagley B. , Helliwell J. R.
Published: September 2018

Durward Cruickshank was an eminent crystallographer and structural chemist, whose mathematical abilities transformed the precision of the molecular structures determined in three dimensions by X-ray crystal structure analysis. This technique is very widely applied to determine the three-dimensional (3D) shapes of molecules of importance in biology, chemistry, mineralogy, materials science and physics. Durward's first publication was on this topic, with Sir Gordon Cox. It represents a lifelong interest of Durward in the precision of crystal structure analysis and extended also to gas-phase electron diffraction. His research publications spanned an amazing 60 years and he had a direct influence on over 900 000 chemical crystal structures, the number currently determined and held in the Cambridge Structure Database alone. Proteins took his attention for research in his last decade, and his diffraction precision index (DPI) indicator of the precision of a protein structure is added regularly to entries in the Protein Data Bank. In his ‘retirement’ he contributed, with one of the authors of this memoir, J.R.H., and various colleagues in the UK and the USA, to the development of the ‘Laue diffraction’ white beam synchrotron method, applied today to sub-nanosecond X-ray crystallography measurement techniques, and also to study micron sized, i.e. tiny, crystal samples. The method has also led ultimately to more effective exploitation of neutron beams from research reactors for crystallographic studies of the hydrogenation details of molecules.
Sir Ralph Kohn. 9 December 1927—11 November 2016
Authors: Collins Peter
Published: September 2018

Ralph Kohn advanced medical science primarily through his pioneering development of independent and rigorous clinical trials and the provision of related services to the pharmaceutical industry. He also advanced science more generally through philanthropy, with a major science-in-society programme among a number of key initiatives that he facilitated. His contributions to science grew out of the sort of person he was. Gifted, certainly, in many different ways, and hardworking, ambitious, something of a perfectionist, keen to make the most of the opportunities that he encountered or created. Perhaps more important, however, he cared about other people, was willing to take the risks of being independent, maintained effective networks across many cultures, languages and disciplines, was passionate about both science and music (and many other things), and showed great generosity in his support and encouragement of causes and individuals. He was also fiercely proud and protective of his family, never forgetting how central family had been to his own survival through the traumas of his early years and, indeed, through the rest of his life.
Rejuvenating functional responses with renewal theory
Authors: Billiard Sylvain , Bansaye Vincent , Chazottes J.-R.
Published: September 2018

Functional responses are widely used to describe interactions and resource exchange between individuals in ecology. The form given to functional responses dramatically affects the dynamics and stability of populations and communities. Despite their importance, functional responses are generally considered with a phenomenological approach, without clear mechanistic justifications from individual traits and behaviours. Here, we develop a bottom-up stochastic framework grounded in renewal theory that shows how functional responses emerge from the level of the individuals through the decomposition of interactions into different activities. Our framework has many applications for conceptual, theoretical and empirical purposes. First, we show how the mean and variance of classical functional responses are obtained with explicit ecological assumptions, for instance regarding foraging behaviours. Second, we give examples in specific ecological contexts, such as in nuptial-feeding species or size-dependent handling times. Finally, we demonstrate how to analyse data with our framework, especially highlighting that observed variability in the number of interactions can be used to infer parameters and compare functional response models.
Trace-based correction of breathing-induced field fluctuations in T2*-weighted imaging of the spinal cord
Authors: Vannesjo S. Johanna , Clare Stuart , Kasper Lars , Tracey Irene , Miller Karla L.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Spinal cord MRI at ultra-high field is hampered by time-varying magnetic fields associated with the breathing cycle, giving rise to ghosting artifacts in multi-shot acquisitions. Here, we suggest a correction approach based on linking the signal from a respiratory bellows to field changes inside the spinal cord. The information is used to correct the data at the image reconstruction level.

Methods

The correction was demonstrated in the context of multi-shot T2*-weighted imaging of the cervical spinal cord at 7T. A respiratory trace was acquired during a high-resolution multi-echo gradient-echo sequence, used for structural imaging and quantitative T2* mapping, and a multi-shot EPI time series, as would be suitable for fMRI. The coupling between the trace and the breathing-induced fields was determined by a short calibration scan in each individual. Images were reconstructed with and without trace-based correction.

Results

In the multi-echo GRE, breathing-induced fields caused severe ghosting in the long echo time images, which led to a systematic underestimation of T2* in the spinal cord. The trace-based correction reduced the ghosting and increased the estimated T2* values. Breathing-related ghosting was also observed in the multi-shot EPI images. The correction largely removed the ghosting, thereby improving the temporal signal-to-noise ratio of the time series.

Conclusions

Trace-based retrospective correction of breathing-induced field variations can reduce ghosting and improve quantitative metrics in multi-shot structural and functional T2*-weighted imaging of the spinal cord. The method is straightforward to implement and does not rely on sequence modifications or additional hardware beyond a respiratory bellows.
MYO1C facilitates arrival at the Golgi apparatus through stabilization of branched actin
Authors: Capmany Anahi , Yoshimura Azumi , Kerdous Rachid , Lescure Aurianne , Del Nery Elaine , Coudrier Evelyne , Goud Bruno , Schauer Kristine
Published: September 2018

We aim at the identification of myosin motor proteins that control trafficking at the Golgi apparatus. In addition to the known Golgi-associated myosins MYO6, MYO18A and MYH9 (myosin IIA), we identify MYO1C as a novel player at the Golgi. We demonstrate that depletion of MYO1C induces Golgi apparatus fragmentation and decompaction. MYO1C accumulates at dynamic structures around the Golgi apparatus that colocalize with Golgi-associated actin dots. Interestingly, MYO1C depletion leads to loss of cellular F-actin, and Golgi apparatus decompaction is also observed after the inhibition or loss of the Arp2/3 complex. We show that the functional consequences of MYO1C depletion is a delay in the arrival of incoming transport carriers, both from the anterograde and retrograde routes. We propose that MYO1C stabilizes branched actin at the Golgi apparatus that facilitates the arrival of incoming transport at the Golgi.
Secondary structure of pre-mRNA introns for genes in the 15q11-12 locus. Mapping of functionally significant motives for RNA-binding proteins and nucleosome positioning signals
Authors: Fedoseyeva Viya B. , Zharinova Irina A. , Alexandrov Alexander A.
Published: September 2018

In this study, we identified reproducible substructures in the folded structures of long intron RNAs for recursive spliced variants and annotated pre-mRNA for GABRB3 and GABRA5. We mapped the RNA motives recognized by RNA-binding proteins for the specified locus and characterized the area of preferred localization. A comparison of pre-mRNA variants revealed the dominant type of protein potential effects. We determined the structural specifics of RNA in the dense Alu cluster and clarified the analogy of apical substructure to the A-Xist fragment of transcriptional variant. Mapping of the nucleosome potential reveals alternation of strong and weak signals at the 3’-end portion of GABRB3 and clusters of nucleosome positioning signal in the vicinity of the Alu cluster. Distribution of simple oligonucleotides among reproducible substructures revealed an enrichment in Py-tracts; for some of them, this may be considered as a complementary supplement to the Pu-tract enrichment of ncRNA Malat1 as a component of nuclear speckles. The secondary structure elements of bidirectional transcripts are predisposed for somatic homolog pairing in this locus, as was previously shown experimentally.

A model of potential intron RNA influence on splicing has been suggested based on its interaction with Py-tract-binding RNP, serine-arginine SRSF proteins, ncRNA Malat1, as well as the action of Alu cluster.
Kinetic network model to explain gain-of-function mutations in ERK2 enzymes
Authors: Misiura M. , Kolomeisky A. B.
Published: September 2018

ERK2 is a kinase protein that belongs to a Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway, which is activated in response to a range of extracellular signals. Malfunctioning of this cascade leads to variety of serious diseases, including cancers. This is often caused by mutations in proteins belonging to the cascade, frequently leading to abnormally high activity of the cascade even in the absence of external signal. One such gain-of-function mutation in ERK2 protein, called a sevenmaker mutation (D319N), was discovered in 1994 in Drosophila. This mutation leads to disruption of interactions of other proteins with D-site of ERK2 and results, contrary to expectations, in increase of its activity in vivo. However, no molecular mechanism to explain this effect has been presented so far. The difficulty is that this mutation should equally negatively affect interactions of ERK2 with all substrates, activators and deactivators. In this paper, we present a quantitative kinetic network model that gives a possible explanation of the increased activity of mutant ERK2 species. A simplified biochemical network for ERK2, viewed as a system of coupled Michaelis-Menten processes, is presented. Its dynamic properties are calculated explicitly using the method of first-passage processes. The effect of mutation is associated with changes in the strength of interaction energy between the enzyme and the substrates. It is found that the dependence of kinetic properties of the protein on the interaction energy is non-monotonic, suggesting that some mutations might lead to more efficient catalytic properties, despite weakening inter-molecular interactions. Our theoretical predictions agree with experimental observations for the sevenmaker mutation in ERK2. It is also argued that the effect of mutations might depend on the concentrations of substrates.
DNA-PKcs-mediated phosphorylation of AMPKγ1 regulates lysosomal AMPK activation by LKB1
Authors: Puustinen Pietri , Keldsbo Anne , Corcelle-Termeau Elisabeth , Ngoei Kevin , Sønder Stine L. , Farkas Thomas , Andersen Klaus Kaae , Oakhill Jon S. , Jäättelä Marja
Published: September 2018

Autophagy is a central component of the cytoprotective cellular stress response. To enlighten stress-induced autophagy signaling, we screened a human kinome siRNA library for regulators of autophagic flux in MCF7 human breast carcinoma cells and identified the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) as a positive regulator of basal and DNA damage-induced autophagy. Analysis of autophagy-regulating signaling cascades placed DNA-PKcs upstream of the AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and ULK1 kinase. In normal culture conditions, DNA-PKcs interacted with AMPK and phosphorylated its nucleotide-sensing γγ1 subunit at Ser-192 and Thr-284, both events being significantly reduced upon AMPK activation. Alanine substitutions of DNA-PKcs phosphorylation sites in AMPKγγ1 reduced AMPK activation without affecting its nucleotide sensing capacity. Instead, the disturbance of DNA-PKcs-mediated phosphorylation of AMPKγγ inhibited the lysosomal localization of the AMPK complex and its starvation-induced association with LKB1. Taken together, our data suggest that DNA-PKcs-mediated phosphorylation of AMPKγγ primes AMPK complex to the lysosomal activation by LKB1 thereby linking DNA damage response to autophagy and cellular metabolism.
Synergy of Topoisomerase and Structural-Maintenance-of-Chromosomes Proteins Creates a Universal Pathway to Simplify Genome Topology
Authors: Orlandini Enzo , Marenduzzo Davide , Michieletto Davide
Published: September 2018

Topological entanglements severely interfere with important biological processes. For this reason, genomes must be kept unknotted and unlinked during most of a cell cycle. Type II Topoisomerase (TopoII) enzymes play an important role in this process but the precise mechanisms yielding systematic disentanglement of DNAin vivoare not clear. Here we report computational evidence that Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins – such as cohesins and condensins – can cooperate with TopoII to establish a synergistic mechanism to resolve topological entanglements. SMC-driven loop extrusion (or diffusion) induces the spatial localisation of essential crossings in turn catalysing the simplification of knots and links by TopoII enzymes even in crowded and confined conditions. The mechanism we uncover is universal in that it does not qualitatively depend on the specific substrate, whether DNA or chromatin, or on SMC processivity; we thus argue that this synergy may be at work across organisms and throughout the cell cycle.
Language at work in the Big Four: global aspirations and local segmentation
Authors: Detzen Dominic , Loehlein Lukas
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how professional service firms (PSFs) manage the linguistic tensions between global Englishization and local multilingualism. It achieves this by analysing the work of Big Four audit firms in Luxembourg, where three official languages co-exist: Luxembourgish, French, and German. In addition, expatriates bring with them their native languages in a corporate environment that uses English as itslingua franca.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper combines the institutionalist sociology of the professions with theoretical concepts from sociolinguistics to study the multifaceted role of language in PSFs. Empirically, the paper draws from 25 interviews with current and former audit professionals.

Findings

The client orientation of the Big Four segments each firm into language teams based on the client’s language. It is thus the client languages, rather than English as the corporate language, that mediate, define, and structure intra- and inter-organizational relationships. While the firms emphasize the benefits of their linguistic adaptability, the paper reveals tensions along language lines, suggesting that language can be a means of creating cohesion and division within the firms.

Originality/value

This paper connects research on PSFs with that on the role of language in multinational organizations. In light of the Big Four’s increasingly global workforce, it draws attention to the linguistic divisions within the firms that question the existence of a singular corporate culture. While prior literature has centred on firms’ global–local divide, the paper shows that even single branches of such firm networks are not monolithic constructs, as conflicts and clashes unfold amid a series of “local–local” divides.
The mediating role of autonomy in the effect of pro-innovation climate and supervisor supportiveness on innovative behavior of nurses
Authors: Sönmez Betül , Yıldırım Aytolan
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test the mediating role of autonomy in the effect of a pro-innovation organizational climate and supervisor supportiveness (SS) on the innovative behavior (IB) of nurses.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample of this cross-sectional, correlational study consisted of 332 nurses, who were selected, on the basis of the convenience sampling method, from among the nurses working at two public university hospitals in Istanbul. The data of the study were collected between February and May of 2015. Descriptive analysis and linear regression analysis were used for data analysis, and the bootstrapping method was applied to test the significance of the mediating role.

Findings

The model used for examining the mediating role of autonomy was found to be statistically significant, as it explained 36 percent of the variance of IB. When the significance of the mediating role was tested, its effect on both innovation climate and SS was observed to be significant.

Originality/value

The obtained results indicated that a pro-innovation organizational climate and SS functioned as premises for autonomy. In turn, the rise in autonomy level that served to innovative climate and SS increased the IB of the nurses through boosting their autonomy level. From these results, it can be argued that nurses with a high level of professional autonomy can create innovative outputs and provide added value through the IB they practice in providing patient care and general health services.
How do knowledge cycles happen in software development methodologies?
Authors: Balle Andrea Raymundo , Oliveira Mírian , Curado Carla , Nodari Felipe
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how knowledge takes effect in different software development methodologies by relating them to different knowledge cycles.

Design/methodology/approach

The results were find by conducing a general review about the topics of knowledge cycles and software development methodologies.

Findings

All software development methodologies have knowledge cycles. In Waterfall methodology, the cycle followed is I-Space. For “code and fix,” there is a parallel with March’s cycle. Scrum shows a parallel with SECI cycle. Among the methodological options, results show there an increase in hierarchy, documentation, processes and explicit knowledge.

Research limitations/implications

Identified parallels of each methodology with knowledge cycles; established which Scrum artifacts are performed at each stage of SECI, which Waterfall steps correspond to I-Space phases and which activities in “code and fix” deal with exploration and exploitation of knowledge; and features shown increase or decrease according to the adoption of each methodology.

Practical implications

Results help knowledge sharing implementations and foster inter-team knowledge sharing, with the identification of the correct methodology-cycle match and the personalization of the strategy for each team based on the adopted methodology. Training for knowledge initiatives can be improved by determining how knowledge-sharing activities are incorporated on the determined series of actions established by the methodologies adopted on the firm.

Originality/value

The identification of how knowledge is generated and shared among teams in each methodology, the optimum pairing of the methodology and the parallels with the other, and the differences that emerge from the adopted knowledge cycle show that software projects are embedded in a knowledge cycle.
Mobile payments in India: the privacy factor
Authors: Sinha Mona , Majra Hufrish , Hutchins Jennifer , Saxena Rajan
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand Indian consumers’ intention to use mobile payments by examining their adoption readiness (AR) in the larger context of their technology readiness (TR) and their privacy concerns (PCs).

Design/methodology/approach

A four-city, three language, paper and pencil survey yielded a sample of 600 respondents from India. Data were analyzed using structural equations modeling.

Findings

This study finds that AR positively mediates the relationship between TR and intention to adopt (IA) mobile payments. More importantly, PCs negatively moderate the relationship between AR and IA.

Research limitations/implications

Results will vary depending on country and other variables outside the scope of this study such as perceived risk, trust, etc. The sample was large but mainly comprised males, between 18 and 35 years of age.

Practical implications

The cash shortage due to a recent demonetization move in India had spurred mobile payment adoption but usage and retention remained low. Many other banking self-service technologies had not been successful and digitization was critical for easing payments and potentially paving the way for mobile banking. However, using mobile phones for financial transactions raises PCs that attenuate the positive impact of AR. Also, understanding overall attitudes with TR is important in a rapidly digitizing country with relatively novice users.

Social implications

Adoption of mobile payment technology can help address social and economic challenges in India, such as financial inclusion, corruption and tax evasion. Given the increasing awareness of privacy issues in India, mobile payment adoption, which already faces acquisition and retention challenges, will likely to face greater resistance in the future.

Originality/value

The findings add to the literature on emerging markets and marketing of technology products by identifying the critical role of privacy in the adoption of financial technology services. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that given the rapid introduction of technology in India, consumers’ overarching TR has to be considered along with AR for mobile payments. Thus, the authors offer a tripartite, customer–technology–transaction view of the mobile payment adoption process in India.
The effects of service recovery and relational selling behavior on trust, satisfaction, and loyalty
Authors: Chang Chia-Chi , Hung Jung-Sung
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between service recovery and relational selling behavior on trust and satisfaction in the banking industry. Specifically, the mediating role of trust and satisfaction on the relationship between service recovery, relational selling behavior and loyalty is empirically examined.

Design/methodology/approach

Hypotheses are developed based on the literature review. The conceptual model is tested using SEM on survey data collected from 560 customers of 12 banks in Taiwan, including local banks and foreign banks.

Findings

The model test results indicate that the influences of service recovery and relational selling behavior on trust and satisfaction are both significant. In addition, the influences of trust and satisfaction on loyalty are significant.

Practical implications

For bank managers, it is crucial to have well programs to identify service failures and handle recoveries efficiently and effectively. Furthermore, bank managers should place a high value on increasing salesperson’s customer-oriented behaviors to discern potential problems that customer concerns and provide suitable solutions that customer needs. By creating these better customer experiences, greater trust, satisfaction and loyalty can be yielded.

Originality/value

This study aims to provide a superior understanding of the relationship between service recovery, relational selling behavior, trust, satisfaction and loyalty in the banking industry. The research findings can contribute to forming targeted strategies and gaining competitive advantages for bank managers.
Improvement of protective and comfort properties of face masks using superabsorbent polymer containing nanofibers
Authors: Sivri Çağlar
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel face mask prototype having a superabsorbent nanofibrous coating with a homogenous distribution.

Design/methodology/approach

Superabsorbent nanofibers were manufactured via electrospinning method using Poly(vinyl alcohol)/superabsorbent polymer (PVA/SAP) aqueous polymer solutions and they were simultaneously coated onto face masks in order to develop their virus protection and comfort properties. Absorbency, air permeability, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and SEM investigations were carried out for characterization.

Findings

SEM investigations revealed that face masks were homogenously coated with nanofibers. Picks obtained from FT-IR spectra proved that all mask samples have PVA/SAP content indicating their absorbent feature. Liquid absorption capacity and air permeability tests have shown that nanofiber coating increased the hydrophilicity of face masks while air permeability decreased in reverse. Final prototype has been found to be promising for industrial, scientific and medical applications with its improved protection and comfort characteristics.

Research limitations/implications

The implication of the research is to investigate the morphological, physical and transfer difference of face masks that are coated with nanofibers and uncoated face masks. This is useful in selection of the right face mask with optimum surface, absorbency and transfer properties.

Originality/value

Compared to commercial product in the market, the face mask developed within the study has a more regularly distributed nanofiber coating.
Senior entrepreneurship and qualified senior unemployment
Authors: Figueiredo Elisa , Paiva Teresa
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the senior entrepreneurship context, as a solution for an unemployed qualified segment between 45 and 60 years of age, in the Northern region of Portugal, from a national and European perspective, associated to the growth trend of qualified senior unemployment in the region, based on a statistical angle and from the point of view of the motivations to become self-employed with a business creation project.

Design/methodology/approach

This empirical study is a cross-sectional study of mixed nature, that reconciles qualitative and quantitative analysis. A questionnaire was made and applied to a sample of 1,000 individuals and seven semi-structured interviews which four focus groups were carried out.

Findings

Findings allow us to conclude that the studied segment, skilled unemployed individuals between the ages of 45 and 60, is a growing segment that tends to evolve into long-term unemployment and underlines a potential reluctant entrepreneurship by necessity, i.e. a reduced motivational content of these unemployed people for the creation of their own job. The authors can conclude, in the Portuguese case, that government policies relating to taxes and bureaucracy are considered as unfavorable conditions or potentially inhibitors of senior entrepreneurship. Lastly, the authors underline the clear absence of specific support programs and measures for the promotion of entrepreneurship among the qualified senior unemployed and the authors propose an ecosystem creation regarding the specifics of the target group of the study.

Practical implications

The study identifies a set of actions and/or orientations that could be relevant and taken into account by the decision makers.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this paper is the better knowledge of the context and motivations for qualified senior entrepreneurship, as well as the associated personal, economic and social barriers; and the specific suggestions provided to policy makers in order to improve the context of the senior entrepreneurship.
An investigation of agile manufacturing enablers in Indian automotive SMEs using structural equation model
Authors: Goswami Mohit , Kumar Gopal
Published: September 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the agile manufacturing practices in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within the auto-ancillary sector spread across eastern India. Using statistical method, a number of crucial insights have been captured and discussed in detail.

Design/methodology/approach

A structural equation model (SEM) encapsulating pertinent agile manufacturing attributes and enablers as the focal construct is conceptualized and validated in this research. The SEM model is evolved in a manner that agile attributes and agile enablers are modeled as latent dependent and manifest variable, respectively.

Findings

A number of key hypothesis entailing interactions of key agility enablers, i.e. manufacturing responsiveness agility, manufacturing strategy agility, workforce agility, technology agility, manufacturing management agility, etc. are conceptualized and validated.

Originality/value

The authors specifically focus on evolving agile manufacturing framework (characterized by agility enablers and attributes) that lies at the intersection of SMEs, automotive sector and an emerging economy.
Risk management in student-managed funds
Authors: Hughen J. Christopher , Lung Peter P.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Student-managed investment funds typically pursue “plain vanilla” objectives. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of adding option strategies to reduce the risk of equity positions around earnings announcements. The collar strategy is one such technique with the advantages of a low net cost and limited potential losses.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors provide recommendations for utilizing the collar strategy around earnings announcements. The authors also discuss how the value of this strategy is related to the literature on option pricing and earnings announcement returns.

Findings

Risk management strategies can enhance the pedagogical value of student-managed investment funds. The authors document how students have successfully utilized the collar strategy to immunize risk.

Originality/value

The collar strategy can enhance the pedagogical value of student-managed investment classes in several ways. First, students learn how to implement risk reduction strategies. Second, the proper implementation of these strategies requires students to learn the complex mechanisms associated with corporate earnings dissemination and analyst coverage. This also provides an opportunity to study earnings drift, which is a persistent and economically significant financial anomaly.
Feedback sought vs feedback given: a tale of two literatures
Authors: DeNisi Angelo , Sockbeson Caitlin E. Smith
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to begin the integration of two separate but clearly related streams of research. Feedback and feedback-seeking have been separate areas of research for decades. In this paper, the authors argue that full understanding of feedback and its effects will not be possible unless these two literatures are integrated. Instead of just focusing on what would motivate people to seek feedback, how often and from whom, the authors argue that closer examination of how feedback-seeking affects feedback outcomes is warranted. Future directions for this research are discussed, including several research proposals.

Design/methodology/approach

Integrative review.

Findings

After a brief review of the feedback and feedback-seeking literatures, the authors use theory on cognition and judgment to argue that feedback that is sought may differ in content from feedback that is unsought. Additionally, employees who seek out feedback may react differently to feedback than those who receive feedback without seeking it out. As recipient reactions are critical in how (or whether) feedback affects performance, the full context of the feedback process must be considered, including the impetus for feedback.

Originality/value

These two streams of literature have been existing independent of each other for some years. Yet, is should be clear that not only why or how one seeks feedback but how one reacts to that feedback should be examined. Furthermore, whether people deal with sought feedback differently than with feedback that is not sought needs to be studied.
A view of the learning organization from a practical perspective: interview with Michael Marquardt
Authors: Reese Simon , Yusuf Sidani
Published: September 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an overview of the development of learning organization concepts from the perspective of Dr Michael Marquardt and presents an interesting evolution of his work spanning three decades in the learning organization field.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a conversation with a thought-leading scholar, Dr Michael Marquardt, this paper discusses several topics pertaining to the evolution of the learning organization debate and provides his perspective on the development of his theories.

Findings

The learning organization debate may have differing perspectives. However, the theories foundational to Dr Marquardt’s research originated from those in the field during the 1980s and 1990s. He built upon the foundation through his consultancy work to develop his current perspective.

Originality/value

The discussion with Dr Marquardt reveals his perspective on the evolution of the learning organization debate. He began with similarities to others and over time built his definition based upon those areas of that he saw most impactful in practice.
Consumer Acceptance, Emotional Response, and Purchase Intent of Rib‐Eye Steaks from Grass‐Fed Steers, and Effects of Health Benefit Information on Consumer Perception
Authors: Carabante Kennet Mariano , Ardoin Ryan , Scaglia Guillermo , Malekian Fatemeh , Khachaturyan Margarita , Janes Marlene E. , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon
Published: September 2018

Sensory acceptability, purchase intent (PI), consumer emotional profile, and fatty acid profile of rib‐eye steaks from four different biological types of grass‐fed cattle (Angus, Brangus, Pineywoods, and Holstein) were evaluated. The effects of health benefit information (HBI) pertaining to grass‐fed beef on the overall liking (OL), emotional profile, and PI were also studied. Consumers rated steaks from the two nontraditional beef biological types (Pineywoods and Holstein) equally or higher than conventional biological types (Angus and Brangus) in several hedonic (9‐point scale) categories. Mean OL scores were 6.1 for Pineywoods and 6.3 for Holstein steaks, versus 5.5 for Angus and 6.0 for Brangus. Hedonic attributes, especially OL and liking of beef flavor, accounted for most of the differences between treatments based on Wilks’ Lambda Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and descriptive discriminant analysis. After knowledge of HBI, OL of all treatments increased, particularly Angus with OL mean score significantly increasing from 5.5 to 6.2. Positive PI increased significantly for Angus (from 48% to 65.33%), Brangus (from 50.67% to 66.67%), and Holstein (from 61.33% to 76%) steaks. Angus steaks, which initially received the lowest beef flavor liking (5.1) showed the most improvement for OL after HBI. Likewise, emotional profiles were improved after HBI, particularly the “Interested” emotion with a 0.5 unit increased.

Practical Application

Providing consumers with health benefit information (HBI) can enhance acceptability of grass‐fed beef. Fatty acid analyses of steaks from four biological types of steers showed favorable n−6/n−3 ratios. Although some sensory attributes of cooked rib‐eye steaks were scored differently among biological types, knowledge of grass‐feeding and healthier fatty acids increased overall liking and purchase intent (PI) across products. Emotional profiles improved after HBI was given to consumers, with some emotions being significantly related to PI odds ratios. This research demonstrated the usefulness of HBI in improving hedonic perceptions of grass‐fed steaks and the importance of consumer emotions in predicting PI.
Dual‐energy contrast‐enhanced CT to evaluate scaphoid osteonecrosis with surgical correlation
Authors: Pianta Marcus , McCombe David , Slavin John , Hendry Shona , Perera Warren
Published: September 2018

To evaluate the validity of contrast enhanced dual energy CT using a lung perfusion algorithm in assessing for post‐traumatic scaphoid proximal pole avascular necrosis. From Aug 2013 to Aug 2016, 18 patients (19 wrists, 16 males, 2 females, mean age 28 years) were assessed as high‐risk for proximal pole scaphoid avascular necrosis by a single surgeon following a scaphoid fracture and were referred for contrast‐enhanced dual energy CT. 8 wrists had specimens sent for correlative histological analysis and 11 were correlated with operative notes. Eight surgical specimens were sent to histology and showed a 100% correlation (8/8) with the DECT findings. The remaining 11 wrists that did not have a specimen sent had in‐surgery findings that also correlated with DECT. A single case was discrepant (1/11) due to presence of an intra‐osseous ganglion, which was reported as osteonecrosis on CT, but considered viable at surgery. No case was called viable on CT that proved to be necrotic at either surgery or histologically. Contrast‐enhanced dual energy CT using a perfusion algorithm is an innovative and promising method in evaluating viability of the post‐trauma proximal pole of scaphoid.
Early‐Cretaceous Syenites and Granites in the Northeastern Tengchong Block, SW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications
Authors: ZHU Renzhi , LAI Shaocong , QIN Jiangfeng , ZHAO Shaowei
Published: September 2018

Whole‐rock major and trace element and Sr‐Nd isotopic data, together with zircon LA ICP‐MS in‐situ U‐Pb and Hf isotopic data of the syenites and granites in the Tengchong Block are reported in order to understand their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Zircon U‐Pb data gives the emplacement ages of ca. 115.3±0.9 Ma for syenites and 115.7±0.8 Ma for granites, respectively. The syenites are characterized by low SiO2 content (62.01–63.03 wt%) and notably high Na2O content (7.04–7.24 wt%) and Na2O/K2O ratios (2.02–2.10), low MgO, Fe2O3T and TiO2, enrichment of LILEs(large‐ion lithophile element) such as Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb) and obvious depletion HFSE(high field strength element; e.g. Nb, Ta, P, and Ti) with clearly negative Eu anomalies (dEu=0.53–0.56). They also display significant negative whole‐rock εNd(t) values of –6.8 and zircon εHf(t) values(–9.11 to –0.27, but one is +5.30) and high initial 87Sr/86Sr=0.713013. Based on the data obtained in this study, we suggest that the ca. 115.3Ma syenites were possibly derived from a sodium‐rich continental crustal source, and the fractionation of some ferro‐magnesian mineral and plagioclase might occur during the evolution of magma. The granites have high SiO2 content (71.35–74.47 wt%), metaluminous to peraluminous, low Rb/Ba, Rb/Sr, and Al2O3/(MgO+FeOT+TiO2) ratios and moderate (Al2O3+MgO+FeOT+TiO2) content. They show low initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.703408 to 0.704241) and εNd(t) values (–3.8 to –3.5), plotted into the evolutionary trend between basalts and lower crust. Hence, we suggest that the granites were derived from the melting of mixing sources in the ancient continental crust involving some metabasaltic materials and predominated metasedimentary greywackes. Together with data in the literatures, we infer that the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Tengchong block was dominated by magmas generated by the partial melting of ancient crustal material, which represent the products that associated to the closure of Bangong‐Nujiang Meso‐Tethys.
Changing gender roles in agriculture? Evidence from 20 years of data in Ghana
Authors: Lambrecht Isabel , Schuster Monica , Asare Samwini Sarah , Pelleriaux Laura
Published: September 2018

Many stylized facts about women in agriculture have been repeated for decades. Did nothing really change? Is some of this conventional wisdom simply maintained over time, or has it always been inaccurate? We use four rounds of cross‐sectional data from Ghana to assess some of the facts and to evaluate whether gender patterns have changed over time. We focus on five main themes: land, cropping patterns, market participation, agricultural inputs, and employment. We add to the literature by showing new facts and evidence for more than 20 years. Results show that stylized facts do not always hold, and that some of these “facts” change over time. We find significant variation in the extent of (changes in) gender discrepancies across themes, different agro‐ecological zones, ethnicities, household types, and women's role in the household.
Information Asymmetry and the Accrual Anomaly
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Han Ingoo , Lee Jaywon , Kim Boyoung
Published: September 2018

This study investigates the association between information asymmetry and the accrual anomaly. Prior literature argues that earnings management is pronounced among firms with high information asymmetry and that earnings management is the main phenomenon behind the accrual anomaly. Using 43 205 firm‐year observations from the CRSP/Compustat Merged (CCM) universe spanning 1975–2012, we provide empirical evidence that the accrual anomaly is generally concentrated in firms with higher information asymmetry. Additional analysis reveals that, investors’ greater overestimation mainly takes a place in firms with negative accruals, rather than positive accruals, due to investors’ risk‐aversion tendencies.
Low‐tech industry, regional innovation system and inter‐actor collaboration in Indonesia: The case of the Pekalongan batik industry
Authors: Maninggar Nimas , Hudalah Delik , Sutriadi Ridwan , Firman Tommy
Published: September 2018

A focus on high‐tech industries has neglected the potential of low‐tech industries in regional economic policy. This paper critically assesses the application of the concept of the regional innovation system (RIS) by exploring the processes through which government policy and inter‐actor collaboration facilitate low‐tech industrial growth and development. In doing so, we conduct a qualitative case study on the batik industry in Pekalongan, the largest batik‐producing city in Indonesia. The results show that national and local government policy frameworks have played a major role in facilitating formal and informal collaboration between research and education institutions and the batik industry in Pekalongan. These collaborations contribute to creating research and learning environments that are important conditions for local innovation and development.
TP53 mutations are associated with mutated MYD88 and CXCR4, and confer an adverse outcome in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Gustine Joshua N. , Tsakmaklis Nicholas , Demos Maria G. , Kofides Amanda , Chen Jiaji G. , Liu Xia , Munshi Manit , Guerrera Maria L. , Chan Gloria G. , Patterson Christopher J. , Meid Kirsten , Dubeau Toni , Yang Guang , Hunter Zachary R. , Treon Steven P. , Castillo Jorge J. , Xu Lian
Published: September 2018

Little is known about TP53 mutations in Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia (WM). We evaluated 265 WM patients for TP53 mutations by next‐generation sequencing, and validated the findings by Sanger sequencing. TP53 mutations were identified and validated in 6 (2·6%) patients that impacted the DNA‐binding domain. All six were MYD88‐ and CXCR4‐mutated. Ibrutinib showed activity in patients carrying all three mutations. With a median follow‐up of 18 months, 2 (33%) with biallelic TP53 inactivation died of progressive disease. TP53 mutations are rare in WM, and associate with MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations. WM patients with TP53 mutations show response to ibrutinib.