bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Older Adults and Frail Patients Receiving Idecabtagene Vicleucel: A CIBMTR Study
Authors: Akhtar Othman Salim , Oloyede Temitope , Brazauskas Ruta , Afrough Aimaz , Hashmi Hamza , Sidana Surbhi , Ahmed Nausheen , Bye Matthew , Hansen Doris K , Ferreri Christopher J , Dhakal Binod , Dhanda Devender S. , Harrison Melanie J , Kitali Amani , Landau Heather J. , Mirza Abu-sayeef , Patel Jinalben , Patwardhan Pallavi , Qazilbash Muzaffar H , Patel Krina K. , Nishihori Taiga , Ganguly Siddhartha , Gowda Lohith , Anderson Larry D. , Pasquini Marcelo C , Usmani Saad Z , Freeman Ciara L
Published: December 2024

Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) is an anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy approved for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) after 2 prior lines of therapy. There is limited data on outcomes of CAR T in older adults and frail patients with RRMM. In this study, we utilized data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry to describe the safety and efficacy of ide-cel in these clinically important subgroups. An adapted version of the previously described simplified frailty index (SFI) was used to assess frailty. A total of 821 pts were followed for a median of 11.6 months (m, range, 1.1 - 26.7 m). Of these patients, 251 (30.6%) were ≥70 years of age. Older adults had higher rates of immune-effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) of any grade (37.1% vs 24.2%, p<0.01), but there were no differences in grade ≥3 ICANS or cytokine release syndrome (CRS, any grade or grade≥3). Older adults had improved progression-free survival (PFS) which remained significant in a multivariable model. There was no significant difference in treatment related mortality (TRM). Frail patients (343/766) had a higher rate of ICANS of any grade (37% versus 21.5%, p<0.01) and clinically significant infections (49.6% vs 40.9%, p=0.02), but there were no significant differences in grade ≥3 ICANS, CRS, response, PFS, overall survival or TRM.In conclusion, older adults and frail patients with RRMM had comparable efficacy to younger and non-frail patients, respectively. These patients were at higher risk of developing ICANS but had no increase in other adverse events.
Bakelite beak retrieval: a case report of a simple strategy using suture material
Authors: Lima Daniel Xavier , Pereira Claudinei Tavares , Rocha Valdinei Oliveira
Published: December 2024

Background

The detachment of a resectoscope sheath tip during transurethral prostate resection can lead to the troubling issue of an iatrogenic-retained foreign body if not promptly identified. Various endoscopic techniques designed to prevent the necessity for open surgery are well documented in the literature. However, most of these strategies involve considerable cost or require equipment that may not always be readily available. Here, we describe a novel and simple technique for removal that does not require expensive materials.

Case presentation

The tip of a standard Storz 26 Fr continuous flow resectoscope inner sheath was successfully retrieved using a 2–0 polypropylene thread and a rigid cystoscope during a prostate resection procedure to treat benign hyperplasia of the gland. Addressing surgical complications, especially the removal of foreign bodies from the bladder, is often challenging, particularly when technical resources are limited. Various approaches for removing a detached resectoscope tip have been described, indicating that none offer a perfect solution. To our knowledge, this is the first report detailing the effective use of a simple surgical suture and endoscopic forceps in conjunction with a rigid cystoscope for removing a foreign body from the bladder.

Conclusions

The technique described here may be considered a safe, cost-effective, and relatively straightforward procedure that could be beneficial to urological surgeons, particularly when working under suboptimal conditions.
Patient and parent knowledge, understanding, and concerns after a new diagnosis of Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Authors: Jones Jordan T. , Black Lora L. , Black William R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

After diagnosis of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS), it is unclear what information patients and parents need and understand about EDS. The objective of this study is to characterize patient and parent knowledge and concerns about EDS after a diagnosis of EDS is made to determine patient and parent concerns and identify barriers that cause discomfort with the diagnosis.6

Methods

A convenience sample of patient and parent dyads were recruited after new diagnosis of EDS. Patients and parents completed questionnaires that assessed knowledge, comfort, and barriers of EDS before and after diagnosis, EDS education materials accessed, and additional clinical needs and concerns.

Results

Seventy-two dyads completed the survey.

Conclusion

Many respondents actively seek information on the diagnosis and management of EDS. Parents and patients look for information about EDS differently. Parents have more concerns after diagnosis and both want well-constructed, empirically supported educational materials delivered via multiple modalities, which makes clinical guidelines more essential.
Sex differences in the relationships between 24-h rest-activity patterns and plasma markers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Authors: Van Egroo Maxime , Beckers Elise , Ashton Nicholas J. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Jacobs Heidi I. L.
Published: December 2024

Background

Although separate lines of research indicated a moderating role of sex in both sleep-wake disruption and in the interindividual vulnerability to Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related processes, the quantification of sex differences in the interplay between sleep-wake dysregulation and AD pathology remains critically overlooked. Here, we examined sex-specific associations between circadian rest-activity patterns and AD-related pathophysiological processes across the adult lifespan.

Methods

Ninety-two cognitively unimpaired adults (mean age = 59.85 ± 13.77 years, range = 30–85, 47 females) underwent 10 days of actigraphic recordings, and blood drawing. Standard non-parametric indices of 24-h rest-activity rhythm fragmentation (intradaily variability, IV) and stability (interdaily stability, IS) were extracted from actigraphy data using the GGIR package. Plasma concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid-β42/40 (Aβ42/40), total tau, and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) or threonine 231 (p-tau231) were measured using Single molecule array technology. Multiple linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, education, body mass index, and actigraphic recording duration.

Results

Higher IV, indicating worse 24-h rest-activity rhythm fragmentation, was associated with elevated levels of plasma NfL (t(85) = 4.26, P < 0.0001), GFAP (t(85) = 2.49, P = 0.01), and at trend level with lower Aβ42/40 ratio values (t(85) = -1.95, P = 0.054). Lower IS, reflecting less day-to-day stability in the 24-h rest-activity rhythm, was linked to elevated levels of plasma NfL (t(85) = -2.24, P = 0.03), but not with the other plasma biomarkers. Importantly, interaction models demonstrated that male participants were driving the observed relationships between IV and plasma NfL (t(84) = 4.05, P < 0.001) or GFAP (t(84) = 3.60, P < 0.001), but also revealed a male vulnerability in models testing interactions with p-tau181 (IV: t(76) = 3.71, P < 0.001; IS: t(76) = -3.30, P = 0.001) and p-tau231 (IV: t(82) = 3.28, P = 0.002). Sensitivity analyses further showed that accounting for potential confounding factors such as APOE genotype, depression, and self-reported symptoms of possible sleep apnea did not modify the observed relationships.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the association between disrupted circadian rest-activity patterns and AD pathophysiological processes may be more evident in cognitively unimpaired males. Our results contribute to the precision medicine approach, and they have clinical implications for improved early detection and selection of at-risk individuals to be enrolled in preventive interventions.
Perceptions of family physicians in Istanbul about e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids: a qualitative study
Authors: Selamoglu Melis , Onal Ayse Emel , Erbas Bircan , Karabey Selma , Oren Meryem Merve , Ucar Mahmut Talha , Barton Chris
Published: December 2024

Background

Family physicians (FPs) are the first point of contact for people who smoke who are seeking to quit smoking in Türkiye. We aimed to explore Turkish FPs knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.

Methods

Eleven in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with FPs in Istanbul, Türkiye. Participants were recruited through purposeful sampling from respondents to a previous survey study completed with 243 participants in 2022. The survey explored the knowledge, attitudes and recommendations of FPs in Istanbul about e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids. Participants indicated availability for a follow up qualitative interview. FPs were interviewed and audio files were transcribed verbatim. QSR NVivo was used to aid coding, thematic analysis and retrieval of quotes.

Results

FPs expressed they had little knowledge about e-cigarettes and this impacted their confidence to discuss these with their patients. They held a range of views on the harms of e-cigarettes and the potential for a gateway effect and dual use with tobacco cigarettes. FPs stated they would not recommend e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids and half were not keen on a prescription model for e-cigarettes. FPs did not feel comfortable or have the confidence to answer patient questions about e-cigarettes if asked. They were keen to learn more about e-cigarettes and receive training and education to be able to better inform their patients about e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.

Conclusion

FPs in Türkiye require more understanding of e-cigarettes if they are to answer patient questions about using e-cigarettes to support smoking cessation. They perceived to be lack of evidence and research on the harms of vaping and as such were not currently willing to recommend them to patients. FPs desired more information and resources from trusted sources to support them to learn about e-cigarettes in order to discuss them with patients. Providing evidence-based information and upskilling FPs on e-cigarettes may increase their knowledge and confidence to have discussions about e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.
Ancient Tamil inscription recognition using detect, recognize and labelling, interpreter framework of text method
Authors: Murugan Balasubramanian , Visalakshi P.
Published: December 2024

Tamil is the oldest language spoken in Tamil Nadu, India, with inscriptions dating back to the third century BCE found in caves, temples, and archaeological sites. The style and content of these inscriptions have evolved over time, reflecting changes in society, governance, and language usage. They provide valuable insights into rulers, dynasties, administrative systems, religious practices, and societal norms of their era. However, the diverse fonts and styles of these inscriptions necessitate an efficient method for alphabet and word recognition. Existing algorithms primarily recognize Tamil words and characters from the nineteenth century and do not address the language and styles used in the third century. This study proposes a novel DR-LIFT framework specifically designed for recognizing Tamil inscriptions from this earlier period, overcoming the limitations of current methods. The dataset used consists of third-century Tamil inscriptions. The algorithms within the DR-LIFT method specifically designed to detect text with intricate features such as curves, loops, and lines, significantly enhancing detection accuracy. The proposed framework achieves impressive outcomes, with a recognition accuracy of 99% and a recognition rate of 98.8%.
Evolution of wing scales in Diptera documented by fossils
Authors: Krzemińska Ewa , Krzemiński Wiesław , Kania-Kłosok Iwona , Stanek-Tarkowska Jadwiga , Skibińska Kornelia , Santos Daubian
Published: December 2024

Among the insects with wings clad in scales, the butterflies are the best known and those showing greatest variety of scale types. In the Diptera, some families or particular genera of two large groups are known to bear scales on wings, i.e., mosquitoes (Culicomorpha) and moth flies (Psychodomorpha). From among another large dipteran group, the crane-flies (Tipulomorpha), scales are present on wings only in one small genus, Maietta Alexander, now endemic to the southwestern coast of South America. Here, we describe an Eocene ancestor of Maietta, embedded in Baltic amber, Maietta hoffeinsetta, n. sp. This species and its recent congeners document evolution of scale cover from sparse and scarce, restricted only to anterior portion of wing, to complete and dense. A similar parallel evolutionary route was previously described in the Culicidae. The fossil representative of Maietta provides also a further example of biogeographical relationships of Baltic fauna with recent congeners distributed today far from Europe. The present finding prompts a discussion on a possible role of scales in adaptation to post Eocene cooling down of climate.
A systematic review of migrants’ non-employment precarity–conceptualizations by scholars and migrants’ narratives
Authors: Hung Suet Lin , Lai Chi Yuen , Fung Kwok Kin
Published: December 2024

Precarity is a term capturing the migrants’ situation under globalization and migration-driven uncertainties. Many have attempted to explain the precarity in terms of employment changes, but fewer in terms of non-employment ones. A systematic review is conducted to summarize the conceptualization of migrant precarity manifested in non-employment aspects. Studies (n = 46) from 2014 to 2024 were selected by searching through social science databases of using the keyterms of “precarity” or “precarization” or “precariat” or “precariousness” AND “migrants” or “migration”. Precarity conceptualizations were compared by migrants’ narratives to identify precarity items omitted in literature. Findings showed that migrants’ precarities suffer from typical economic, social and legal precarities. Yet, precarities of household, information and housing are understudied. Moreover, analyzation of migrants’ narratives shown mismatches to scholar’s conceptualization, which reflects a need for scholars to research with the voices of migrants to rectify the conceptualization. The review also shows a socially reproduction relationship between precarities, while multidimensional conceptualizations will help scholars’ analysis to stick consistently to migrants’ experiences. It is also recommended to research more on information, housing, and psychological precarity, apart from a need to adopt longitudinal lens into migrant precarity studies. Words count for body of manuscript: 8,524 (excluding references and appendix).
Opportunities for NCD screening and control efforts among people living with HIV/AIDS attending care and treatment clinic at a regional referral hospital in Dar es Salaam
Authors: Musyani Atuganile , Mosi Grace , Kinyenje Erik , Mizinduko Mucho , Kishimba Rogath , Shimwela Meshack , Subi Leonard
Published: December 2024

Background

Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Tanzania now live longer and hence are at increased risk of developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Despite many resources committed to HIV care programs, NCD care remains inadequately integrated into these programs. This study aimed to describe risk factors and evaluate control rates of three months of NCD preventive efforts among PLHIV attending the care and treatment clinic (CTC) at Temeke Regional Referral Hospital (RRH).

Methods

The study employed a mixed-method approach, including a cross-sectional study to identify hypertension risk factors and pre–post-intervention follow-ups to assess NCD control rates among PLHIV. Conducted between January and June 2020, the study included interviews, secondary data reviews, and screening for blood pressure and blood glucose levels using the World Health Organization STEPS surveillance tool. Data were analyzed using STATA, employing logistic regression to determine NCD risk factors. The intervention enrolled patients diagnosed with hypertension, increased blood glucose, or both to receive NCD preventive health education. Blood pressure and glucose levels were re-evaluated after three months using a paired t-test to assess control rates.

Results

The interview was conducted with a total of 333 PLHIV, of whom 71 (21.32%) were diagnosed with hypertension and 9 (2.70%) had elevated blood glucose levels. Notably, 177 (53.15%) participants had never had their blood pressure measured before, and 37 (20.90%) of them were newly diagnosed with hypertension. The intervention cohort included 76 patients, of whom 71 had hypertension. After the intervention, 26 (36.6%) patients achieved blood pressure control. Of the nine patients with elevated blood glucose, 5 (55.5%) had normalized levels.

Conclusion

Undiagnosed NCDs are highly prevalent among PLHIV attending CTC at Temeke RRH. Targeted interventions show the potential to improve NCD outcomes. Integrating NCD care into existing HIV programs could enhance the health longevity of PLHIV.
Unveiling the Virgin: Maya Marianism on the Eve of the 1712 Tzeltal Revolt
Authors: Leavitt-Alcántara Brianna
Published: December 2024

In 1711, the Virgin Mary reportedly appeared to a Maya couple in the small town of Santa Marta, before wondrously transforming into a miraculous image that began to draw pilgrims from across highland Chiapas. Presuming fraud, church officials confiscated the image and arrested the Maya seers. Just weeks later, another Marian apparition, with a radical message calling for an end to Spanish colonialism, catalyzed the Tzeltal Revolt, one of the largest Indigenous rebellions in colonial New Spain before 1750. Modern scholarship mostly leaves the Santa Marta episode in the interpretive shadow of the Tzeltal Revolt, considering it in passing as a marker of rising discontent. In contrast, I examine the Santa Marta devotion in its own right, and not simply as a rebellious warm-up for the Tzeltal Revolt. This analysis illuminates three key factors in the dynamic formation of eighteenth-century Mesoamerican Marianism and Indigenous Christianities: religious exchanges and dialogues between distinct Maya ethnolinguistic groups, Nahua societies, and Spanish missionaries; gender complementarity and female religious leadership; and struggles for collective renewal and rebirth in the face of Spanish colonialism.
Merchants and Golden River Ports: Reassessing the Role of Caribbean New Granada in Imperial Bullion Flows, 1740–1832
Authors: Torres James V. , Henao-Giraldo José
Published: December 2024

The essay provides a reassessment of mining production in late colonial and early republican New Granada by studying gold smelting in Mompox, the largest inland river port of northern South America. By analyzing previously unexplored treasury logbooks, the article argues that, parallel to the illegal gold outflows from Mompox, a significant stream of gold bars reached international markets via legal networks that tied this river port with outlets in Havana and beyond. The river port smelted 12–20 percent of New Granada's gold production, a sizable amount that historians have not included in their estimates. These numbers reflect the importance of placer mining in Caribbean New Granada and northeastern Antioquia Province, for which the essay offers new evidence to understand its geological, labor, network, and financial structures. Mompox's smelting house was destroyed during the independence wars, strengthening Medellín's role as the main pivot of New Granada's gold trade in the early republican years.
The Press and Latin American Dictatorships: O Estado de S. Paulo, Clarín, and the 1964 Brazilian and 1976 Argentine Military Coups
Authors: Sá Motta Rodrigo Patto
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on the relationship between the traditional press and the military dictatorships of Brazil and Argentina. Using a combination of comparative and connected history approaches, I analyze the newspapers O Estado de S. Paulo and Clarín, supporters of the 1964 coup in Brazil and the 1976 coup in Argentina respectively. I analyze the newspapers’ attitudes toward their country's dictatorship, including their stances on the repression of leftist forces, state censorship, economic policies, and demands for liberalization. The article concludes that the newspapers’ initial enthusiasm for the respective dictatorships cooled, and that the divergences and criticisms that emerged in each paper had distinct motivations: Clarín was more critical of the Argentine military's economic policy, while O Estado de S. Paulo disagreed with some of the political agenda pursued by the Brazilian military. Even so, both newspapers continued to support their country's dictatorships up to the moment when the regimes were engulfed in severe political and economic crises.
Knee position affects medial gastrocnemius and soleus activation during dynamic plantarflexion: no evidence for an inter-muscle compensation in healthy young adults
Authors: Kovács Bálint , Csala Dániel , Yang Song , Tihanyi József , Gu Yaodong , Hortobágyi Tibor
Published: December 2024

Knee joint position influences ankle torque, but it is unclear whether the soleus compensates to counteract the reductions in gastrocnemius output during knee-flexed versus knee-extended plantarflexions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of knee joint position and plantarflexion contraction velocity on ankle plantarflexion torque and electromyography activity of the medial gastrocnemius and soleus in healthy young adults. Healthy male participants (n=30) performed concentric plantar flexions in a custom-built dynamometer from 15° dorsiflexion to 30° plantarflexion at gradually increasing velocities during each contraction at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 210° s−1 in a supine position with the knee fully extended and while kneeling with the knee fixed in 90° flexion. Two 16-channel linear electromyographic (EMG) arrays were placed over the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Plantarflexion torque during flexed-knee versus extended-knee plantarflexions was 31% lower (P=0.002) averaged across the five contraction velocities. The overall EMG activity of the medial gastrocnemius was 35% lower (P=0.002) during knee-flexed versus knee-extended plantarflexions. In the first half of plantarflexions at slower contractions, soleus EMG activity was 15% and 28% higher (both P=0.002) in knee-flexed versus knee-extended plantarflexion, respectively. We conclude that knee position affects medial gastrocnemius and soleus activation during dynamic plantarflexion, with plantarflexion torque being smaller in the knee-flexed versus knee-extended position. However, we found no evidence that changes in soleus activation would compensate for the decrease in medial gastrocnemius activation.
Methods of preventing postpartum depression. The role of physical activity, mobile applications and psychosocial interventions
Authors: Falenta Adrianna , Droździok Natalia , Piegza Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Wstęp

Celem niniejszego przeglądu narracyjnego jest zgromadzenie i analiza badań dotyczących wybranych metod zapobiegania depresji poporodowej.

Materiał i metody

Przegląd literatury został wykonany na podstawie prac opublikowanych w bazie naukowej PubMed. W celu zobrazowania procesu analizy danych wykorzystano protokół PRISMA. Do analizy włączono jedynie badania anglojęzyczne opublikowane w okresie od 2018 do 2023 roku.

Wyniki

Badania nie wykazały jednoznacznego związku między aktywnością fizyczną a zapobieganiem depresji poporodowej. Skuteczne strategie, które mogą zmniejszyć ryzyko wystąpienia depresji poporodowej obejmują medytację mindfulness, zapewnianie kobietom w ciąży wsparcia społecznego i opieki medycznej, a także uczestnictwo w programach edukacyjnych w okresie ciąży. Dodatkowo, programy internetowe i aplikacje mobilne oparte na terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej mogą stanowić skuteczną formę wsparcia psychologicznego dla kobiet w ciąży.

Wnioski

Niniejszy przegląd badań wykazuje kilka skutecznych strategii zapobiegania depresji poporowej. Okazuje się, że istotne jest zapewnienie kobietom holistycznej i wielodyscyplinarnej opieki, uwzględniającej różnorodne aspekty ich zdrowia. Dodatkowo, szybka identyfikacja grup kobiet najbardziej narażonych na depresję poporodową jest kluczowa dla skuteczności interwencji.
Truncated Modular Exponentiation Operators: A Strategy for Quantum Factoring
Authors: Singleton Jr Robert L.
Published: December 2024

Modular exponentiation (ME) operators are one of the fundamental components of Shor's algorithm, and the place where most of the quantum resources are deployed. These operators are often referred to as the bottleneck of the algorithm. I propose a method for constructing the ME operators that requires only $3n + 1$ qubits with no ancillary qubits. The method relies upon the simple observation that the work register starts in state $\vert 1 \rangle$. Therefore, we do not have to create an ME operator $U$ that accepts a general input, but rather, one that takes an input from the periodic sequence of states $\vert f(x) \rangle$ for $x \in \{0, 1, \cdots, r-1\}$. Here, the ME function with base $a$ is defined by $f(x) = a^x ~({\textrm mod}~N)$ and has a period of $r$. For an $n$-bit number $N$, the operator $U$ can be partitioned into $r$ levels, where the gates in level $x \in \{0, 1, \cdots, r-1\}$ increment the state $\vert f(x) \rangle = \vert w_{n-1} \cdots w_1 w_0 \rangle$ to the state $\vert f(x+1) \rangle = \vert w_{n-1}^\prime \cdots w_1^\prime w_0^\prime\rangle$. The gates below $x$ do not affect the state $\vert f(x+1) \rangle$. This amounts to transforming an $n$-bit binary number $w_{n-1} \cdots w_1 w_0$ into another binary number $w_{n-1}^\prime \cdots w_1^\prime w_0^\prime$, without altering the previous states, which can be accomplished by a set of formal rules involving multi-control-NOT gates and single-qubit NOT gates. The process of gate construction can therefore be automated, which is essential for factoring larger numbers. The obvious problem with this method is that it is self-defeating: If we knew the operator $U$, then we would know the period $r$ of the ME function, and there would be no need for Shor's algorithm. I show, however, that the ME operators are very forgiving, and truncated approximate forms in which levels have been omitted are able to extract factors just as well as the exact operators. I demonstrate this by factoring the numbers $N = 21, 33, 35, 143, 247$ by using less than half the requisite number of levels in the ME operators. This procedure works because the method of continued fractions only requires an approximate phase value, which suggests that implementing Shor's algorithm might not be as difficult as first suspected. This is the basis for a factorization strategy in which one level at a time is iterated over using an automated script. In this way, we fill the circuits for the ME operators with more and more gates, and the correlations between the various composite operators $U^p$ (where $p$ is a power of two) compensate for the missing levels.Quanta 2024; 13: 47–82.
Nonstationary and Sparsely-Correlated Multioutput Gaussian Process with Spike-and-Slab Prior
Authors: Wang Xinming , Li Yongxiang , Yue Xiaowei , Wu Jianguo
Published: December 2024

Multioutput Gaussian process (MGP) is commonly used as a transfer learning method to leverage information among multiple outputs. A key advantage of MGP is providing uncertainty quantification for prediction, which is highly important for subsequent decision-making tasks. However, traditional MGP may not be sufficiently flexible to handle multivariate data with dynamic characteristics, particularly when dealing with complex temporal correlations. Additionally, because some outputs may lack correlation, transferring information among them may lead to negative transfer. To address these issues, this study proposes a nonstationary MGP model that can capture both the dynamic and sparse correlation among outputs. Specifically, the covariance functions of MGP are constructed using convolutions of time-varying kernel functions. Then a dynamic spike-and-slab prior is placed on correlation parameters to automatically decide which sources are informative to the target output in the training process. An expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is proposed for efficient model fitting. Both numerical studies and real cases demonstrate its efficacy in capturing dynamic and sparse correlation structure and mitigating negative transfer for high-dimensional time-series data modeling. A mountain-car reinforcement learning case highlights that transferring knowledge from source expertise can enhance the efficiency of the target decision-making process. Our method holds promise for application in more complex multitask decision-making challenges within nonstationary environments in the future.

History: Rema Padman served as the senior editor for this article.

Funding: This work was supported by NSFC [Grants NSFC-72171003, NSFC-71932006, and NSFC-72101147].

Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.4010696.v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2023.0022 ).
Budget Disclosure in Crowdfunding: Information Asymmetry and Cost Transparency
Authors: Fu Wayne , Shang Guangzhi , Tong Xun
Published: December 2024

Problem definition: This paper investigates how a crowdfunding campaign’s voluntary disclosure of sensitive cost information affects its funding performance on Kickstarter—a mainstream, primarily reward-based crowdfunding platform. Instead of enhancing a campaign’s marketing traits, project budget as a novel information-provision tool reminds the crowd of the behind-the-scenes operations for developing and executing a project. This resembles the radical practice of cost transparency recently observed in the retail industry and studied experimentally in the literature. We also separate the disclosure effect on reward seeking versus altruistic pledges and examine how it varies with the structure of the cost items (fixed versus variable costs). Methodology/results: Our data collection follows Kickstarter’s rollout of the Project Budget tool in 2019. The project-level raw data are preprocessed via coarsened exact matching to match projects with and without budgets. We show that the main channel through which budget provision improves funding performance is via attracting additional funding, not by cannibalizing competing projects. Because of the voluntary nature of budget provision, we address the resulting endogeneity issue using peer average-style instruments. Budget provision on average increases funding performance by over 100%, which is more effective than many information-provision tools studied. Interestingly, this funding improvement comes from an increased number of backers (width), not from a higher pledge per backer (depth), and from a considerably higher number of altruistic pledges, not from more reward-seeking pledges. Further, a higher fixed-cost (over total cost) ratio, which is indicative of a higher profit margin, significantly reduces the benefit but does not make disclosure backfire. Managerial implications: Showing the costs to customers can be highly effective in business settings where trust between stakeholders is critical, which implies a promising generalization to donation-based crowdfunding. Our results can also be used to guide a sequential rollout of the Project Budget feature across campaign categories and promote adoption rates.

Funding: X. Tong was supported by funding from the Department of Operations and the Research School of the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Groningen [Projects 147215070 and 147120310].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0374 .
Microelement malnutrition – a progressive complication post-bariatric surgery
Authors: Turek Aleksandra , Billewicz Marta , Lis Laura , Marczyk Aleksandra , Makowska Karolina , Popiołek Adam , Pietrzykowska Julia , Zatorska Oksana
Published: December 2024

Over the last decades obesity has become a worldwide issue battled by people of different ethnicities and lifestyles. One of the most effective ways in dealing with this condition and its complications is bariatric surgery. The results accomplished by introducing these procedures into the treatment are widely discussed. However, one of the most dangerous complications is often overlooked. The aim of this review is to draw attention to the relevant problem that is microelements malnutrition in patients who have undergone different types of bariatric surgeries (BS).
Application of natural polymers in mucosal diseases of the oral cavity
Authors: Bis Emanuela , Woźniak Martyna , Zwierzchlewska Patrycja , Gębka Aleksandra , Thum-Tyzo Karolina , Chałas Renata
Published: December 2024

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is susceptible to various pathological conditions, such as ulcers, inflammations, or tumors. Traditional methods of treating these diseases can come with limitations or trigger undesirable effects. Biopolymers, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and ability to regulate regenerative processes, can offer alternative therapeutic approaches. Among the natural polymers used in the treatment of oral mucosal diseases are hyaluronic acid, chitosan, cellulose, and collagen. PubMed and ResearchGate databases were included for a thorough analysis of applications of biopolymers in the treatment of oral mucosal diseases. Biopolymers have a wide range of applications in dental practice. They can be used in the form of gels, creams, rinses, and patches. Natural polymers are utilized as matrices for drug creation and transport. Thanks to their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiinflammatory properties, they are employed in the treatment of conditions like recurrent aphthous stomatitis, lichen planus, and periodontal diseases. Their potential in alleviating symptoms and enhancing wound healing in ulcerative oral cavity diseases has been demonstrated. Biopolymers have also found use in the treatment of oral cancer by increasing the apoptotic index and sensitizing tumors to radiation and chemotherapy. Biopolymers, due to their advantages and multifaceted effects, can serve as alternative methods for treating oral mucosal diseases compared to traditional approaches. In order to confirm their effectiveness, safety, and practical application, further research and assessment of their long-term effects are necessary.
Survey of Dental Infection Control in Southeast Asian Countries: Based on the Dental Infection Control Checklist of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: Kim You-Mi , Jeong Seo-Young , Lee Da-Jeong , Mun So-Jung
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study investigated the current status of dental infection control in Southeast Asian countries based on the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) checklist, and to provide foundational data for developing appropriate infection control education programs. Methods: A survey was conducted among dental personnel at selected institutions in Cambodia, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. An online questionnaire based on the CDC dental infection control checklist was distributed to participants. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis. Results: Most dental infection control tasks were performed by dental assistants (60%) and nurses (20%), with only 20% performed by dentists. Infection control education was received by 71.4% of respondents, and all participants expressed a willingness to participate in further infection control training. Notably, the absence of dental hygienists in the surveyed countries indicates the need for dedicated infection control. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for systematic dental infection control programs and suggests that the introduction of dental hygienists in Southeast Asian countries could enhance the effectiveness of infection prevention efforts. Continuous education and policy support are critical for improving infection control practices in this region.
Factors Associated with Empathy, Critical Thinking Disposition, Communication Ability among Dental Hygiene Students
Authors: Han Se-Young
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to provide a reference base for developing a variety of tailored education programs to promote communication ability by identifying the relationship between communication ability, empathy, and critical thinking disposition among dental hygiene students. Methods: A survey was administered to 182 dental hygiene students enrolled in a college in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. The variables included empathy, critical thinking disposition, and communication ability. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression with PASW Statistics version 18.0. Results: The study participants’ mean score for communication ability was 54.75±6.65. The multiple regression analysis showed that critical thinking disposition and empathy were factors affecting communication ability. The variance explained by these variables was 36%. Conclusions: To strengthen the communication ability of dental hygiene students in today’s rapidly changing dental environment, a variety of tailored education programs and extracurricular activities should be developed and applied by identifying differences in empathy and critical thinking disposition.
Changes in Early Caries Lesions on Enamel according to Microcosm Biofilm Maturity
Authors: Kim Young-Seok
Published: December 2024

Objective: In this study, we attempt to mature biofilms using a microcosm biofilm model and analyze early carious lesions formed on enamel based on the degree of biofilm maturation. Methods: Bovine tooth specimens were inoculated with saliva, immersed in basal mucin medium containing 1% sucrose, and cultured in an anaerobic pack. The Red/Green ​​and ΔF values ​​of biofilms and lower carious lesion images captured on days 7, 10, and 14 using QLF-D were analyzed. Results: The biofilms show darker red fluorescence over time. The carious lesion under the biofilm indicate a ΔF of -7.33±1.10 at 14 d. However, no demineralization is observed after 7 or 10 d. Conclusions: Artificial carious lesions utilizing microcosm biofilms are expected to facilitate similar studies involving actual carious lesions containing bacteria.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2114-6028
Authors: Min Ji-Hyun , Kim Ki-Rim , Kim Young-Seok
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to compare the risk of tooth erosion between commercially available zero-sugar carbonated beverages containing synthetic sweeteners and conventional carbonated beverages. Methods: The groups were (1) distilled water, (2) cider, and (3) zerosugar cider. The pH and titratable acidity of the beverages were measured, and the bovine tooth specimens were immersed in each experimental solution for 48 h. The degree of erosion was confirmed using a quantitative light-induced fluorescence digital. Results: Zero-sugar and regular carbonated beverages had a similar acidic pH and low titratable acidity. After immersion in carbonated beverages for 48 h, the fluorescence loss (ΔF) of enamel was -6.69±1.04 and -6.40±1.30 for regular and zero-sugar carbonated beverages, respectively, indicating erosion, with no significant difference between both groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Zero-sugar carbonated beverages have similar potential for tooth erosion as regular carbonated beverages.
Comparing the Efficacy of Single and Multiple Visits by Honey and Solitary Bees on Sunflower Seed Production
Authors: Ali Qasim , Ali Mudssar , Khan Fawad Zafar Ahmad , Awan Tahir Hussain
Published: December 2024

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oil seed crop with a considerable acreage of cultivated hybrids in Pakistan. Sunflower crops depend on insect pollination for seed setting, as it attracts diverse pollinator fauna, mainly due to pollen and nectar availability. This study was conducted in the agricultural landscape of Multan, Pakistan, to evaluate the role of native and social bees in sunflower seed production. The abundance and diversity of pollinators were assessed. Effectiveness was tested regarding foraging behavior, including visitation rate, stay time, and seed set efficacy for single and multiple visits (5, 10, 15). Additionally, various reproductive success parameters were recorded: flower head (pseudanthium) diameter, flower head weight, seed weight/flower head, and number of seed/flower head. The results showed that the relative abundance of honey bees was the highest (77%) in both years, followed by solitary bees (17%), while syrphid flies were the least abundant (6%) on sunflower. Among honey bees, Apis mellifera and A. dorsata were the most abundant in both years, followed by the solitary bee Xylocopa sp. Furthermore, in single and multiple seed set efficacy (5 and 10 visits), the solitary bee Xylocopa sp. produced the maximum seeds, followed by A. mellifera. Higher seed production could be achieved with a focused conservation plan of solitary and managed bees on sunflower.
Dual-wavelength synchronous control method for liquid crystal optical phased array
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Chengmiao , Wang Qidong , Mu Quanquan , Peng Zenghui , Dong Keyan , Song Yansong , Liu Yang , Jiang Huilin
Published: December 2024

The liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA), as a key beam steering device, has gained increasing significance in the field of space laser communication. With the rapid advancement of space laser communication technology, the demand for precise synchronous control of multi-wavelength beams has significantly increased, particularly in ensuring reliable communication links through synchronized control of signal and beacon beams. The signal beam is primarily utilized for data transmission, while the beacon beam is responsible for path calibration and real-time tracking. However, due to the limitations of natural dispersion effects, conventional LCOPA control methods struggle to achieve synchronized manipulation of beams at different wavelengths, resulting in error accumulation and response delays in communication links, thereby compromising the accuracy and efficiency of information transmission. To address this challenge, this study proposes and validates a dual-wavelength synchronous control method based on LCOPA. The method establishes a phase optimization principle centered on minimizing the least-squares error of complex amplitudes and expands the phase modulation capability of LCOPA hardware, thereby overcoming the natural dispersion governed by the grating equation. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves exceptionally high beam pointing accuracy, meeting the demands of high-precision information transmission in multi-wavelength laser communication. This study provides an innovative technical pathway for the application of LCOPA in multi-wavelength laser communication and establishes a solid theoretical foundation for future experimental research on multi-wavelength control.
Exploring the intersections of sexual stigma, poverty and mental health in HIV-negative gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the United States
Authors: Onwubiko Udodirim N. , Murray Sarah M. , Rao Amrita , Chamberlain Allison T. , Sanchez Travis H. , Benkeser David , Holland David P. , Jenness Samuel M. , Baral Stefan D.
Published: December 2024

Stigma related to non-heteronormative behavior remains a major challenge associated with mental health disparities among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). Economic hardship worsens these challenges, and characterizing these interactions can help inform effective mental health interventions for GBM. Using 2018 and 2019 American Men’s Internet Survey data, we assessed population heterogeneity in sexual stigma experiences among adult, HIV-negative GBM using latent class analysis. We estimated associations between stigma patterns and mental health outcomes (psychological distress, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt) using modified Poisson regression, quantifying the interaction between sexual stigma and poverty on multiplicative and additive scales. Four distinct sexual stigma patterns were identified that grouped GBM as experiencing: diverse forms of sexual stigma across multiple settings (12%); primarily anticipated stigma in healthcare settings (13%); predominantly enacted and perceived sexual stigma in family and general social settings (34%); or minimal sexual stigma (41%). Vulnerabilities to distinct stigma patterns varied by key participant demographics including age, nativity and education. Notably, the group with diverse stigma, particularly in the context of poverty, had significantly higher prevalence of serious psychological distress (aPR: 4.7 [95% CI: 3.9, 5.7]) and suicide attempts (aPR: 11.3 [95% CI: 6.6, 19.4]) compared to the group with minimal stigma and adequate income. These findings highlight the pivotal role of poverty in intensifying the impact of sexual stigma on the mental well-being of GBM. Addressing stigma within the broader context of structural determinants, including poverty, is crucial for optimizing mental health among GBM.
Systematic review of the best evidence for resistance exercise in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zhao Qian , Wu Ning , Duan Kaixing , Liu Jiahui , Han Minghua , Xu Huize , Chen Haoyang , Ma Ji
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aims to search, evaluate, and consolidate the best evidence for resistance exercise in maintenance hemodialysis patients, providing evidence-based support for the clinical implementation of resistance exercise in these patients.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of literature in databases on resistance exercise for maintenance hemodialysis patients, including guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials. The search spanned from the inception of the database to March 2023. During the process of evaluation and data extraction, two researchers rigorously assessed the quality of the literature.

Results

A total of 24 articles were included in this review, consisting of 2 guidelines, 3 expert consensus documents, 9 systematic reviews, and 10 randomized controlled trials. From nine aspects, including target population, contraindications for exercise, pre-exercise assessment, exercise frequency, exercise intensity, exercise duration, exercise type, exercise benefits, and exercise precautions, we extracted a total of 23 pieces of best evidence.

Conclusion

Given the findings of this study, we recommend that future researchers design and conduct larger-scale, multi-center, longitudinal studies to validate our results and further explore the long-term impacts of combined resistance and aerobic exercises on muscle strength and other health indicators. Such research will provide deeper insights and contribute to the development of evidence-based exercise programs.