bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Tradition and Religious Doctrine: Questioning Kiai’s Status as Zakāt Recipient
Authors: Wahyuni Afidah , Harisah  , Nur Rohim Yunus
Published: July 2024

Commonly, people pay their zakāt to aṣnāf groups based on their preferences and considerations. However, in Madura, the distribution of zakāt continues to adhere to the traditional notion, wherein it is mainly allocated and prioritized to kiai. This faces a debatable phenomenon whether Kiai could be zakāt recipients or not. Therefore, this research aims to explore the diversification role of Kiai in zakāt payment and describe the theological and social construction among zakāt payment in Madura. The present study employed qualitative research methodologies, specifically utilizing interviews as the primary data collection technique. The participants in this study included kiai, community members, and leaders from Madurese community. This research study indicates that the Madurese Muslim community designates kiai as mustahīqq zakāt under masākīn, fī sabīlillāh, and amīl categories. The diversification of the Kiai’s role is predicated upon the theological perspective held by Madurese Muslim community which posits that the kiai is a rightful recipient of zakāt. Additionally, Madurese Muslim community keeps a social perception that kiai is a revered individual deserving of compensation. Consequently, even though Madurese people understand the existence of religious doctrine to whom they have to spend zakāt, they still prioritize giving zakāt to kiai as the result of their typical social construction.
The Development Model of the Digital-Based Madrasah ‎Diniyah at Islamic Boarding School Padepokan Kyai ‎Mudrikah Kembang Kuning
Authors: Listiana Heni , Achmad Muhlis  , Vargheese K J
Published: July 2024

Era digital telah memaksa semua lembaga pendidikan berubah, termasuk Madrasah Diniyah. Madrasah Diniyah sebagai lembaga pendidikan non-formal yang berfokus pada pengajaran nilai-nilai Islam, dituntut untuk mengadaptasi perubahan ini agar tetap relevan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplore model pengembangan Madrasah Diniyah berbasis digital di Islamic Boarding School Padepokan Kyai Mudrikah Kembang Kuning Pamekasan (IBS PKMKK). Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah analisis studi kasus, yang meliputi proses pengumpulan data melalui proses wawancara, pengamatan, serta evaluasi dokumen yang relevan. Studi ini menekankan kesesuaian model pengembangan digital ini dengan kebutuhan dan konteks lokal. Meskipun berlokasi di pedesaan, Madrasah Diniyah IBS PKMKK telah beradaptasi dengan tuntutan era modern tanpa melepaskan fokus utama mereka pada pendidikan agama, keadaan ini menjadi semacam oase yang mendorong adopsi pembelajaran berbasis digital dalam komunitas yang sebelumnya kurang memprioritaskan pendidikan berkualitas.
TINJAUAN HUKUM PIDANA POSITIF DAN HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN BAYI OLEH IBU KANDUNGNYA (STUDI PUTUSAN NO 31/PID.B/2018/PN. PAL)
Authors: Erniwati  , Syaiful Aziz  , Selvia Yulinda
Published: July 2024

Pembunuhan oleh seorang ibu terhadap anak kandungnya dikarenakan rasa takut terhadap ayah pelaku yang tidak ingin mempunyai cucu dari suami pelaku, bersamaan dengan kondisi ibu pelaku yang sedang sakit, mengakibatkan pembunuhan tersebut terjadi. Penulis ingin mengkaji lebih mendalam bagaimana hukum pidana positif dan hukum pidana Islam tentang putusan Hakim terhadap pembunuhan bayi oleh ibu kandungnya serta bagaimana persamaan dan perbedaan dalam hukum pidana positif dan hukum pidana Islam terhadap pembunuhan bayi oleh ibu kandungnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif bersumber dari data sekunder (library research) berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Berdasarkan data tersebut didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa menurut hukum pidana positif dijatuhi pidana penjara selama 2 (dua) tahun 6 (enam bulan) dari Pasal 341 KUHP dari hukuman maksimal 7 (tujuh) tahun, sedangkan hukum pidana Islam karena syarat qishash gugur karena terhalangnya nasab maka, orang tua tidak dijatuhi qishash diganti tak’zir berupa cambuk atau penjara sebagai hukuman setimpal terhadap orang tua yang melakukan pembunuhan terhadap anaknya.
TINJAUAN PERMENLU NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2019 DAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PENOLAKAN TIMNAS ISRAEL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sutrisno Hadi  , Hadi Sutrisno
Published: July 2024

Penolakan timnas Israel bertanding di Indonesia oleh berbagai lapisan masyarakat, mulai dari Politisi hingga Organisasi Masyarakat dalam ajang Piala Dunia U-20 tahun 2023 menjadi permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif melalui kajian normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, tinjauan Permenlu Nomor 3 Tahun 2019 sudah tepat, karena penolakan tersebut sebagai bentuk menjalankan amanat konstitusi negara yang tercantum dalam Alinea Pertama Pembukaan UUD 1945 dan selaras dengan Bab X Permenlu Nomor 3 Tahun 2019. Kedua, tinjauan Hukum Islam juga sudah tepat, karena penolakan tersebut sejalan dengan aspek operasional dan asas Hukum Internasional dalam Islam; penolakan tersebut sebagai bentuk menghindari kemudharatan yang lebih besar dan selaras dengan dua kaidah ushul fiqih; serta penolakan tersebut selaras dengan salah satu unsur pokok yang harus dipelihara dan diwujudkan dalam maqashid syari’ah. Ketiga, adapun perbandingannya adalah persamaan dari kedua tinjauan sama-sama menjadikan konstitusi negara yang mengedepankan peri-kemanusiaan dan peri-keadilan sebagai landasan utama penolakan. Untuk perbedaannya, tinjauan Permenlu Nomor 3 Tahun 2019 menjadikan Bab X Permenlu sebagai dalil tambahan penolakan, sedangkan tinjauan Hukum Islam menjadikan Al-Qur’an, Hadis, Kaidah Ushul Fiqih, Mashlahah serta Maqashid Syari’ah sebagai dalil tambahannya.
The effect of warm-up with transcranial direct current stimulation on performance factors in collegiate golfers
Authors: Park Deuksu , Oh Jaekeun , Kwon Ilsu
Published: July 2024

[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the effects of warm-up using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on performance factors in collegiate golfers and to provide a scientific basis for the effectiveness and methodology of tDCS. We sought to compare the effects of tDCS as an additional treatment during warm-up. tDCS is generally activated when a small electric current is applied to the motor cortex of the cerebral cortex, which has been reported to be helpful in improving motor function. Therefore, we sought to prove the effectiveness of combined warm-up exercise and tDCS.[Methods] Twenty-two collegiate male golfers were divided into tDC- (tDCS; n=11) and sham-treated (sham; n=11) groups. To examine performance factors, the following were assessed following tDCS application: carry, clubhead speed (CHS), ball speed (BS) for driver performance, countermovement jump (CMJ) for lower extremity muscle power, global rating of change (GRC) for the subjective change in condition of the participants, and test of attentional interpersonal style (TAIS) for concentration.[Results] This study showed that warm-up with tDCS had positive effects on carry (p=.004), CHS (p=.019), BS (p=.017) of driver performance, CMJ (p=.002), and GRC (p=.005), however, no significant effect on TAIS was found, which suggest that the effects of the warm-up with tDCS were significant for driver performances, CMJ, and GRC.[Conclusion] Future studies should independently validate the effectiveness of tDCS and apply it to different situations and timeframes, such as training and competitions, to provide new alternative strategies or performance improvement.
QUALITY OF BRAZILIAN SPINACH SEEDLINGS (Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Rr. ex DC.) IN REGIONAL SUMMAÚMA SUBSTRATE
Authors: Melo Wendrio , Silva Márcio , Mota Bárbara , Oliveira Roger , Lima Francisca Jaqueline , Ferreira Regina Lúcia
Published: July 2024

The use of unconventional food plants is an alternative for diversification and promotion of food sovereignty. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of spinach seedlings from the Amazon produced in samaúma substrate as conditioner. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the experimental garden of the Federal University of Acre, from November to December 2022. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and 30 repetitions, totaling 90 experimental units. The treatments were 3 substrates, as follows: T1 - Commercial substrate; T2 -commercial substrate + samaúma substrate (1:1) and T3 – samaúma substrate. At 30 days of cultivation, the following variables were evaluated: leaf length, leaf width, seedling height, stem diameter, total number of shoots, total number of leaves, number of leaves per shoot, root length, fresh mass of the part aerial part, fresh mass of roots, dry mass of aerial part, dry mass of roots, total fresh mass, total dry mass and the Dickson quality index was calculated. The combination of the commercial substrate with the samaúma substrate (1:1) is an alternative for the production of spinach seedlings from the Amazon.
Image Analysis in Autonomous Vehicles: A Review of the Latest AI Solutions and Their Comparison
Authors: Kozłowski Michał , Racewicz Szymon , Wierzbicki Sławomir
Published: July 2024

The integration of advanced image analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) is pivotal for the evolution of autonomous vehicles (AVs). This article provides a thorough review of the most significant datasets and the latest state-of-the-art AI solutions employed in image analysis for AVs. Datasets such as Cityscapes, NuScenes, and CARLA form the benchmarks for training and evaluating different AI models, with unique characteristics catering to various aspects of autonomous driving. Key AI methodologies, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Transformer models, and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), are discussed. The article also presents a comparative analysis of various AI techniques in real-world scenarios, focusing on semantic image segmentation, 3D object detection, and vehicle control in virtual environments. Simultaneously, the role of multisensor datasets and simulation platforms like AirSim, TORCS, and SUMMIT in enriching the training data and testing environments for AVs is highlighted. By synthesizing information on datasets, AI solutions, and comparative performance evaluations, the article serves as a crucial resource for researchers, developers, and industry stakeholders. Offering a clear view of the current landscape and future directions in autonomous vehicle image analysis technologies.
The Use of Berries in the Control of Obesity as a Reducing Factor for Mild Cognitive Decline
Authors: Santos Gustavo Alves Andrade dos , Marostica Junior Mario Roberto , Fachinelli Bruna
Published: July 2024

The amplified production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reduced oxidant protection is described as oxidative stress, which contributes to the increase in several disorders, notably obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids are polyphenol compounds found in a variety of foods of plant origin, such as berries, with a basic chemical structure consisting of an aromatic ring linked to a benzene ring and a pyran ring. Flavonoids have neuroprotective activity and promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis and are also capable of inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Anthocyanins are water-soluble natural pigments that belong to the flavonoid class and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce chronic inflammation associated with various health conditions, including obesity. In addition, flavonoids and anthocyanins can modulate the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, promoting the oxidation of fatty acids and the reduction of lipid synthesis, contributing to the reduction of body fat accumulation. One of the most abundant flavonoids in the natural environment, quercetin, is found mainly in the form of O-glycoside derivatives and rarely as an aglycone. Quercetin has antioxidant properties, against diseases such as cancer; It also acts to combat allergic reactions, inflammatory processes, platelet disorders, obesity, hypertension and atherosclerotic and hypercholesterolemic disorders. Anthocyanins can activate intracellular signaling pathways, such as the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway, which has a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism and glycemic homeostasis. Activation of this pathway increases glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation, favoring weight loss and improving insulin sensitivity. This review article aims to analyze the effects of using berries in controlling obesity and its role as a reducing factor for mild cognitive decline. A systematic review will be carried out following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyze. We will search the following electronic databases: PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science.
UN-sustainable Urbanism: The Challenge of “Lock-In”
Authors: Mehaffy Michael West
Published: July 2024

The term "sustainable urbanism" has been criticized over its inconsistent and imprecise definition, leading to challenges in implementing actionable reforms and achieving urban sustainability goals. A clearer approach may be to identify its opposite: specifically, forms of urbanism that cause an unacceptable buildup of toxic or climate-altering emissions, deplete resources beyond sustainable levels, progressively destroy critical ecologies, and cause other identifiable sources of potentially catastrophic harm to human and urban welfare. Here we present a model of such an “unsustainable urbanism,” and we observe further that it is in fact the dominant model of urban structure to this day. Its features include an over-reliance on low-occupancy vehicular transport; inefficient envelope, size, orientation and adaptability of buildings; ecologically destructive infrastructure systems for handling water, energy and other resources; and – under-appreciated but fundamentally important, as we will explore – decline of a well-connected, walkable, functionally and aesthetically appealing public realm. This model remains dominant in spite of the many goals, agenda and declarations on sustainable urbanism at the highest policy level. We observe that the lack of progress is in large part the result of system “lock-in” – economic and professional incentives and disincentives, standards, laws, codes, and other forms of feedback that reinforce “business as usual,” and create barriers to reform. Therefore, the agenda ahead must address the specific levers of change to overcome this systemic lock-in, drawing insights from economics, technology and the social sciences to do so. We present the outlines of this agenda, and make conclusions for needed steps ahead.
Using Knowledge Graphs for Enabling Collaborative Financial Market Data Analytical Processes
Authors: Oza Bhushan , Behnaz Ali
Published: July 2024

Financial market data analysts are increasingly turning towards machine learning techniques for data analysis and making decisions. This paper explores how knowledge graphs, essentially a network of real entities and their relationships, can be used to improve collaborative financial market data analysis and make it more efficient and user friendly. This paper reviews the current state of financial market data analysis, the challenges in deploying machine learning models in industrial environments, and the concepts such as ML-Ops and knowledge graphs. A software architecture comprising various roles, layers and services such as Data Engineers, Data Analysts, public users, APIs, workflows, analytics libraries, UX layer, Business Layer, etc. is introduced and described in detail. Then, it discusses how knowledge graphs can be used to enhance collaborative financial market data analysis. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the usage of the whole system, within the context of financial market data analytics of equities.
Carbon Nanodots-Based Polymer Nanocomposite: A Potential Drug Delivery Armament of Phytopharmaceuticals
Authors: DEBNATH RABIN , IKBAL ABU MD ASHIF , KARGARZADEH HANIEH , PALIT PARTHA , THOMAS SABU
Published: July 2024

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) have garnered significant attention as viable drug delivery vehicles in recent years, especially in the field of phytomedicine. Although there is much promise for therapeutic applications with phytomedicine, its effectiveness is frequently restricted by its low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. This paper offers a thorough synopsis of the developing field of phytomedicine drug delivery based on CND. It explores CND synthesis processes, surface functionalization strategies, and structural and optical characteristics. Additionally, the advantages and difficulties of phytomedicine are examined, with a focus on the contribution of drug delivery methods to the increased effectiveness of phytomedicine. The applications of CNDs in drug delivery are also included in the review, along with the mechanisms that underlie their improved drug delivery capabilities. Additionally, it looks at controlled release methods, stability augmentation, and phytomedicine loading tactics onto CNDs. The potential of polymeric carbon nanodots in drug delivery is also covered, along with difficulties and prospective directions going forward, such as resolving toxicity and biocompatibility issues. In summary, the present review highlights the encouraging contribution of CNDs to the field of drug delivery, specifically in enhancing the potential of phytomedicine for therapeutic purposes.
Genetic, Inflammatory and Immunological Biomarkers for the Early Assessment of Allergic Asthma: A Current Update
Authors: Harfouch Rim M. , Renz Harald
Published: July 2024

Asthma is a complex syndrome with multiple phenotypes and endotypes, and current diagnostic tools often fail to address this, therefore there is an increasing need for new predicting biomarkers for asthma which can enable personalized treatment strategies. Biomarkers can facilitate earlier diagnosis of asthma, potentially identifying the disease before clinical symptoms appear. This allows for early intervention, which can prevent asthma progression and complications and improve long-term outcomes. Reliable biomarkers can help in monitoring disease activity and treatment efficacy in real-time and can also lead to better disease management, reducing hospitalizations, emergency visits, and overall healthcare costs associated with poorly controlled asthma. Severe asthma patients often do not respond well to standard treatments. New biomarkers can help identify these patients and guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches specifically for severe asthma. In this review we summarize different candidate biomarkers on several levels of investigation: Genetic, subclinical inflammatory, allergen-specific immune response, and trained immunity, which could be promising for the early detection of asthma and better management of exacerbation and severity of symptoms in children.
Intelligent Vehicle Classification System Based on Deep Learning and Multi-Sensor Fusion
Authors: Li Xinjin , Yang Yuanzhe , Yuan Yixiao , Ni Haowei , Ma Yu , Huang Yangchen
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), vehicle type classification, as a key link in Automatic Toll Collection systems (ATC), is of great significance in improving traffic efficiency and reducing economic losses. This study proposes an intelligent vehicle classification system based on deep learning and multi-sensor data fusion to address the accuracy issues existing in vehicle classification methods based on optical sensors (OS) and human observers. The system significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of vehicle classification by combining deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), LiDAR sensors, and machine learning algorithms. We first constructed a large-scale annotated dataset containing multiple vehicle types and complex traffic scenes to improve our model's capability to identify different vehicle characteristics. Next, CNN models based on different architectures were designed to extract global and local features of the vehicle, respectively. In addition, the LiDAR sensor was used to achieve the spatial structure architectures of the vehicle and combined with the output of the CNN model to improve classification performance under occlusion and complex scenes.
Molecular Targets for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Pergolizzi Robert George , Brower Steven
Published: July 2024

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of cancer, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%. Despite advances in treatment modalities, the prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients remains poor, highlighting the urgent need for innovative approaches for early diagnosis and targeted therapies. In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic cancer development and progression. This paper reviews the current knowledge of molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Understanding the Role of Supplier Relationship Management in E-Commerce Inventory Optimization
Authors: Grant Oliver
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study explores the role of Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) in optimizing inventory within the context of e-commerce. Through semi-structured interviews with e-commerce managers and supply chain experts, the study investigates the strategies, challenges, and outcomes associated with SRM practices. Key findings highlight the critical importance of strategic partnerships with suppliers, emphasizing trust, transparency, and goal alignment as foundational elements for effective SRM. Participants underscored the transformative impact of technological advancements, including advanced analytics and blockchain technology, in enhancing supply chain visibility, optimizing inventory levels, and improving operational agility. However, the study also identifies challenges in SRM implementation, such as cultural differences, regulatory compliance, and geographical distances, which require proactive management strategies. Innovation emerges as a key driver of competitive advantage in e-commerce, facilitated through collaborative R&D initiatives and co-innovation with suppliers. Strategic alignment with organizational goals is crucial for integrating SRM practices with broader business objectives, including operational efficiency and risk mitigation. Recommendations include adopting integrated SRM strategies that leverage technological innovations while maintaining a focus on relationship-building and sustainability. Enhanced supplier performance monitoring, proactive risk management, and the integration of sustainable practices are proposed to strengthen supplier relationships and enhance supply chain resilience. By addressing these insights, e-commerce firms can optimize inventory management, drive innovation, and achieve sustainable growth in the digital economy.
The Second Critical Exponent for a Time Fractional Reaction-Diffusion Equation
Authors: Igarashi Takefumi
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of a time fractional nonlinear diffusion equation. According to the Kaplan’s first eigenvalue method, we first prove the blow-up of the solutions in finite time for some sufficient conditions. We next give sufficient conditions for the existence of global solutions by using the result of Zhang and Sun. In conclusions, we find the second critical exponent for the existence of global and non-global solutions via the decay rates of the initial data at spatial infinity.
Comparative Study on the Interest of NURBS Representation Versus Polynomial Surface Description in Freeform TMA
Authors: Freslier Clément , Druart Guillaume , Fontbonne Alice , Lepine Thierry , Buisset Christophe , Agocs Tibor , Hélière Arnaud , Keller Fanny , Volatier Jean-Baptiste , Beaussier Stéphane , Jougla Paul
Published: July 2024

Novel freeform optical design methods can be classified in two categories, relevant to the generation of a starting point or to the development of new optimization tools. In this paper, we design a freeform TMA optimized with different surface representations using either a differential ray-tracer as a new optimization tool, or commercial ray tracer (ANSYS-ZEMAX OpticStudio) for comparison. For differential ray tracing, we use FORMIDABLE (Freeform Optics Raytracer with Manufacturable Imaging Design cApaBiLitiEs): an optical design library with differential ray tracing and NURBS optimization capabilities under European Software Community License (ESCL). NURBS allow to represent a freeform surface without needing any prior knowledge on the surface, such as the polynomial degree in polynomial descriptions. However, commercial optical design software are designed to optimize polynomial surfaces, but are not well-suited to optimize NURBS surfaces. This requires to use a custom optical design library. To demonstrate the interest of using NURBS representation, freeform telescopes are independently optimized with NURBS using FORMIDABLE, or XY polynomials with OpticStudio over different iteration cycles. We then compare the resulting systems using their RMS Field Maps to assess the optimization quality of each surface representation. We also provide a full-system comparison, including mirror freeform departures. This study shows that NURBS can be a relevant alternative to XY polynomials for freeform optimization of reflective 3-mirror telescopes.
Landscapes of Watermills: A Rural Cultural Heritage Perspective in an East-Central European Context
Authors: Dragan Alexandru , Crețan Remus , Terian Mădălina Ionela
Published: July 2024

Recent studies in rural heritage tourism have highlighted that an evolutionary economic geography perspective could be helpful in determining whether cultural heritage tourism could stand as a branching-innovating trajectory. Its evolution can be understood by presenting specific mechanisms of layering, recombination and conversion that leads to path development. We contribute to rural heritage tourism by basing our study on perceptions of tourists and local officials on the Rudăria Watermills, Romania. Based on survey and interview data, we document the strengths and limits of local watermills for tourism and describe the entrepreneurial agents involved in path development. Our findings point to the important role played by a local NGO in developing a path for tourism for the watermills, as well as the active involvement of local authorities and other local cultural leaders for including the mills in national and international tourism circuits.
Postnatal Development of Pineal Synthesis and Secretion of Melatonin
Authors: Paditz Ekkehart
Published: July 2024

It is still unclear why the pineal gland is not able to start its own pulsatile synthesis and secretion of melatonin in the first months of a human's life, so that infants during this time are dependent on the external supply of melatonin via breast milk, unpooled donor milk from breast milk collection centres or industrially produced chrononutrition with melatonin-poor day milk and melatonin-rich night milk.
According to current knowledge, the pineal gland and melatonin receptors are already present at birth, the suprachiasmatic nucleus is largely functional and noradrenaline, the key pineal transmitter, can be detected in the early foetal period. However, the development and differentiation of the pineal gland, the pinealocytes as the site of melatonin synthesis and the associated Lhx4 homebox only occurs during the first year of a person's life.
The resulting "physiological" melatonin deficiency is associated with sleep disorders, infant colic and increased crying in babies. Intervention studies indicate that this deficiency should be compensated for – through breastfeeding, the administration of unpooled donor milk or through industrially produced chrononutrition made from unpooled cow's milk with melatonin-poor day milk and melatonin-rich night milk [1-3], see also Video [4].
Investigating the Influence of Fiber Content and Geometry on the Flexural Response of Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites.
Authors: Bzeni Dillshad Khidhir Hamad Amen
Published: July 2024

This research investigates fiber-reinforced cementitious composites, with a particular emphasis on the geometric properties of soft micro and macro fibers. These fibers are characterized by a lower elastic modulus and larger aspect ratios than steel fibers. The composites were manufactured using a cement-to-sand ratio of 1:2.5, with 20% fly ash serving as a partial substitute. In order to attain varying strengths, two water-to-binder ratios (0.55 and 0.60) were implemented. Synthetic fibers, such as carbon and polypropylene, and natural sisal fibers, were introduced in volumes varying from 0.4% to 2.27%, with aspect ratios ranging from 71 to 3750. The flexural strength and behavior were evaluated using 75x75x380 mm prisms, while the compressive strength was measured using 50 mm cubes. Load-deflection curves were developed to investigate fracture behavior. The behavior of specimens reinforced with fibers post-cracking is dependent upon the matrix compressive strength, fiber type, quantity, and aspect ratio. A regression analysis was conducted on data from this study and previous publications to develop an equation that predicts the ratio of modulus of rupture (MOR) to initial fracture strength. The variables are matrix strength and fiber characteristics. The results reveal that carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCCs) exhibit considerable brittleness post-cracking, despite exhibiting a flexural strength that is two to three times greater than that of control specimens. When workability is not compromised, the maximal load capacity and deflection are improved by increasing the fiber volume and aspect ratio. The maximal load stress is more significantly influenced by volumes of fibers than by aspect ratio.
Considering Person-First Language in Genocide Studies
Authors: Nzitatira Hollie Nyseth , Ndushabandi Eric , Warner Mariah K , Wislar Wes
Published: July 2024

Numerous researchers, policymakers, and activists have advocated for the use of person-first language when referring to people who engaged in crime or violence. Such advocacy is rooted in firm evidence that person-first language (e.g. a person who committed a felony rather than a felon) is associated with lower rates of recidivism, more robust reintegration into communities, and less fear amongst members of the public. In this article, we extend this important discussion to genocide studies. Specifically, we suggest that genocide scholars — as well as policymakers, reporters, and other professionals — should consider the power tied to labelling people by their actions, as well as the impacts of these labels. To do so, we rely upon interviews with 165 people who were incarcerated for genocide in Rwanda, whom we interviewed both during their incarceration and upon their release. Given that the movement toward person-first language hinges on how people want to be labelled, we emphasize how those who committed genocide speak about themselves. Ultimately, we encourage consideration of person-first language following violence, which would involve departing from terms like perpetrator and genocidaire. We simultaneously acknowledge the discomfort in this discussion and underscore that person-first language does not remove responsibility for heinous actions. Rather, scrutinizing common terminology is part of our ethical duty to reflect upon the impact of our words.
Integrasi Nilai Islam melalui Lagu pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris berbasis Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Authors: Megawati Fika , Agustina Sheila , Wulandari Fitria , Salsabila Nada , Salsabila Saffana
Published: July 2024

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga buku ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Buku ini hadir sebagai upaya untuk menggabungkan pendidikan bahasa dengan nilai-nilai keagamaan, khususnya melalui penggunaan lagu-lagu Islami dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris.Pembelajaran bahasa Inggris dengan pendekatan Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) telah terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berkomunikasi siswa. Melalui pendekatan ini, siswa diajak untuk aktif berpartisipasi dalam proses belajar mengajar, mengembangkan keterampilan berbicara, mendengarkan, membaca, dan menulis dalam konteks yang bermakna. Integrasi lagu-lagu Islami dalam pendekatan ini tidak hanya membantu siswa memahami dan menggunakan bahasa Inggris, tetapi juga menanamkan nilai-nilai moral dan spiritual yang penting.Kami berharap buku ini dapat menjadi referensi yang bermanfaat dan memberikan inspirasi bagi pembaca dalam mengembangkan metode pengajaran yang efektif dan bermakna. Kami menyadari bahwa penyusunan buku ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, kami sangat mengharapkan masukan dan kritik yang membangun dari pembaca untuk perbaikan di masa yang akan datang. Akhir kata, kami ucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah berkontribusi dalam penyusunan buku ini. Semoga buku ini dapat memberikan manfaat dan kontribusi positif bagi dunia pendidikan.
The Existence of Marriage Post The Constitutional Court Decision: As A Right or A Prerequisite?
Authors: Hikmah Nurul , Faisol Syahid Akhmad , Che Noh Mohd Aderi
Published: July 2024

The practice of marriage is always closely related to the arrangements in religious law and state law. This research aims to answer two legal issues, namely the existence of marriage after the Constitutional Court Decision No. 24/PUU-XX/2022 and the implications of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 24/PUU-XX/2022 in the aspects of Islamic law and national law. This research is a normative legal research with case, conceptual, and legislative approaches. The findings of this research confirm that the existence of marriage after the Constitutional Court Decision No. 24/PUU-XX/2022 is not only seen as a human right as a freedom for everyone to enter into marriage. But it must be based on the values of religious law as a representation of the legality of marriage by the state. The orientation of the Constitutional Court Decision is important because KHI and the Marriage Law have the same perspective in viewing marriage as a prerequisite and not as a right. The practical contribution of this research is related to ideal legal policy, namely the need for affirmation and formulation in Indonesian legislation that marriages that do not aim to form families and are oriented towards continuing offspring are invalid in accordance with the aspects of maslahat mursalah and the Indonesian legal system.
Sexual Exploitation in Marriage Tourism: Justice and Legal Protection for Victims in Cianjur and Jember
Authors: Faisol Muhammad , Saadah Sri Lumatus , Safira Martha Eri , Mufidah Lailatul
Published: July 2024

This article aims to provide recommendations for establishing regional regulations related to tourist marriage, the imposition of strict sanctions, and efforts to protect victims. The urgency of this research is because, in several tourist areas, there has been a practice of contract marriage involving women and children with tourists for years. This research uses descriptive-qualitative data analysis with a case study approach. In contrast, data collection techniques are done through interviews and a literature review of online source data. Based on the results of the research, it was found that contract marriage cases in the Puncak Bogor area and the Jember area are one type of sexual trafficking with child victims involving marriage brokers, parents, and tourists.  This marriage is motivated by economic factors to save themselves and their families from poverty. Victims are primarily virgin girls aged 14-18 years who are married off on a transactional basis in exchange for half of the promised dowry. In practice, marriages are conducted are not registered. The local government in Jember has passed a local regulation on protecting women and children, while in Cianjur a district head regulation on the prohibition of contract marriages was passed. Socialization from the Religious Affairs Office and local government is still done in tourist areas. However, some contract marriage practices can still be found because women do not feel they are victims of sexual trafficking. This research provides a basis for local government policy towards handling and minimizing the practice of contract marriage.
The Concept of Civilized Indonesian Law: Strengthening Islamic Spiritual Values in Law
Authors: Prasetyo Yogi , Amaral Leoncio Serazinho
Published: July 2024

This article aims to explain the concept of civility, legal problems in Indonesia that reflect uncivilization, and the idea of civilized law based on Islamic spiritual values. A secular understanding that separates law from good religious and spiritual values is an exciting background for research. This research uses a literature study method with a legal philosophy approach. Research data comes from literature and scientific works related to the research theme. The research results show that civility is related to good moral ethics by religious values. Research shows that legal problems originate from legal actors' wrong actions or moral ethics. Apart from that, the research results also explain the concept of civilized law with the principles of Islamic spiritual values, which are relevant to forming legal, moral ethics. So, it can be concluded that the concept of civilized law for Indonesia is to the current legal situation, which requires changes in the behavioral attitudes of legal actors by strengthening Islamic spiritual values. This research contributes as a behavioral guideline for policymakers and law implementers to present a more moral and ethical law based on morals and ethics (adab) based on spiritual values. This includes the formulation of professional ethics based on spiritual values. To present civilized legal behavior in Indonesia.
Experimentação e jogos no ensino de física: uma experiência didática sobre cinemática em uma turma de 1º ano do novo ensino médio
Authors: Hack Gizela Vanessa , Mega Daniel Farias
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no contexto da disciplina de Estágio Curricular Supervisionado III, do curso de Licenciatura em Física do Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus Concórdia. O objetivo principal foi integrar a experimentação e a inserção de jogos didáticos em uma turma de 1º do Novo Ensino Médio, localizada no município de Concórdia - SC. A experimentação no ensino é uma abordagem pedagógica que enfatiza o aprendizado por meio de experiências e investigações. Isso inclui a realização de experimentos, atividades de laboratório e projetos práticos, permitindo que os alunos vivenciem os conceitos teóricos de maneira concreta. Essa metodologia visa proporcionar uma aprendizagem mais significativa, uma vez que os alunos têm a oportunidade de aplicar seus conhecimentos em situações reais. Por sua vez, a inserção dos jogos didáticos desempenha um papel importante no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Os jogos são naturalmente envolventes e divertidos, proporcionando um ambiente de aprendizagem interativo e estimulante. Tendo como base esses dois eixos, a intervenção pedagógica ocorreu ao longo de dois meses, totalizando oito encontros, distribuídos entre seis aulas regulares, uma observação de classe e uma oficina didática. A metodologia proposta foi adotada desde a primeira aula e se mostrou eficaz no sentido de engajar os alunos nas práticas de sala de aula. Observou-se que a maioria dos alunos aceitaram a proposta, participando de forma ativa e colaborando nas intervenções realizadas durante o estágio.
Heterogeneity of thymic output in elderly and its association with sex and smoking
Authors: Longhi Paula , Sandhar Balraj , Vyas Vishal , Harding Daniel , Ragazzini Roberta , Bonfanti Paola , Marelli-Berg Federica , Bell Christopher , Chain Benny
Published: July 2024

Thymic involution is an age-related process that results in reduced T cell production and impaired adaptive immunity. However, it remains uncertain the extent of thymic activity later in life and how this contributes to immunological ageing. Here, we identified thymic tissue within mediastinal adipose locations in aged individuals and confirmed its functional capacity through multi-omics analysis. Percentage of CD31+ CD4+ T cells correlated positively with thymic tissue presence. Thymic output in elderly showed a high degree of heterogeneity was modulated by gender and smoking history. Thymus activity was associated with a diverse TCR repertoire, unique transcriptomic profile, and distinct epigenetic signature. Adipose tissue inflammation was found to be independent of thymic activity but associated with the presence of circulating T cells with an immunosenescent phenotype. Further analysis revealed functional and phenotypic heterogeneity within distinct naïve CD4 T cell subsets, which are influenced by thymic activity.
A Novel Approach for Prediction of Rock Brittleness Based on Stacking integrated algorithm
Authors: Jia Jing , Li Diquan , Zhang Ziyi , Sun Pinghe , Fan Qinghu , Han Cao
Published: July 2024

The significance of rock brittleness is well-recognized in the fields of geotechnical engineering and energy exploration. To enhance the predictive precision of rock brittleness, this paper proposes a Stacking integrated algorithm. This algorithm synergistically combines various meta models and foundational models, utilizing a suite of nine algorithm modes: Gaussian Process Regression, Support Vector Machine, Backpropagation Neural network, Extreme Learning Machine network, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Lasso Regression, and Ridge Regression. Furthermore, Tuna and Bayesian optimization algorithms are utilized to refine the model’s performance. Additionally, a new diversity index, k, based on the ratio of correlation coefficients, has been introduced to facilitate the optimal selection of base models for the Stacking integrated algorithm. The predictive accuracy of the Stacking integrated model, as determined by the proposed diversity index k, surpasses that of the finest individual base model and outperforms other sets of five integrated base models with an equivalent number of components. This underscores the efficacy of the diversity index k in guiding the selection of appropriate base models for the stacking process. The most effective model for predicting rock brittleness incorporates the Extreme Learning Machine network, Decision Tree, Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting. This ensemble model demonstrates superior accuracy over the single best model, the Decision Tree, by reducing the average brittleness prediction error rate by 0.3745 and elevating the determination coefficient (R2) value from 0.9118 to 0. 9629.When compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization model, this composite model achieves an increase of 0.1498 in R2.
Exogenous dsRNA-Mediated Control of Rice Blast Fungus Involves Sequence-Specific RNAi and Sequence-Unspecific Fungal Stress Responses
Authors: Ladera-Carmona Maria , Zheng Ying , Moorlach Benjamin , Jakobs-Schönwandt Desiree , Patel Anant , Pastacaldi Chiara , Jacob Stefan , Sede Ana , Heinlein Manfred , Poranen Minna , Kogel Karl-Heinz
Published: July 2024

In vertebrates and plants, double-stranded (ds)RNA plays crucial roles as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and as a mediator of RNA interference (RNAi). However, our understanding of fungal responses to dsRNA remains limited. Here, we demonstrate that Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo), a globally significant crop pathogen, actively internalizes exogenous dsRNA across a broad size range of 21 to about 3000 bp. Treatment of Mo conidia with dsRNA, irrespective of size or sequence, induces aberrant germ tube elongation. Additionally, application of dsRNA to Brachypodium distachyon leaves suppresses disease progression upon Mo infection. Intriguingly, dsRNA elicits canonical stress pathways in Mo, as evidenced by nuclear accumulation of the stress marker mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1p and the production of reactive oxygen species. However, these sequence-nonspecific effects are transient, while sequence-specific RNAi activity predominates in a preventive intervention scenario, when a time interval of several days between dsRNA application and fungal inoculation is maintained, and dsRNA is stabilized in novel alginate-chitosan nanoparticles. Overall, our data show that the effects of dsRNA on fungi and the diseases they cause can be multifaceted and complex, which has implications for the development and application of dsRNA pesticides in agricultural practice.
High versus low IMA ligation: lymph node yield and anastomosis feasibility impact
Authors: Cheng Daqing , Zhang Yunpeng , Lin Qunjun , Xu Ming , Wang Jue , Sun Peng , Han Bo
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the postoperative complications and pathological outcomes of patients undergoing high and low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery. After ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, indocyanine green (ICG) angiography staining technology was used to determine the blood supply location and complete anastomosis instead of traditional empirical judgment. We analyzed 380 patients with rectal or sigmoid colon cancer. The results showed no significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, diabetes, other comorbidities, ASA classification, estimated intraoperative blood loss, preoperative albumin levels, tumor pathological type, and postoperative hospital stay. However, the high ligation group had higher preoperative CEA levels, a lower proportion of hypertension, longer surgical duration, later T and N stages, higher hospitalization costs, and a higher proportion of ostomy creation. There was no difference in the incidence of deep space infection and fistulas between the two groups, and the overall complication rate was also similar. More lymph nodes were obtained in the high ligation group. In summary, ICG angiography can effectively ensure the blood supply to the anastomotic site, reduce the possibility of anastomotic fistula caused by insufficient blood supply to the anastomotic site, and high ligation is associated with more lymph node dissection. These findings highlight the objective assessment capabilities of ICG in determining blood supply to the anastomotic intestinal tract and the advantages of high ligation in terms of thorough lymph node dissection.