bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Albanian Handwritten Text Recognition using Synthetic Datasets and Pre-Trained Models
Authors: Paci Hakik , Minarolli Dorian , Trandafili Evis , Paturri Stela
Published: May 2024

Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) has continuously attracted the focus of researchers to enable the integration of technology into our daily lives. Handwritten text recognition (HTR), a technology of considerable importance, takes a leading role in the analysis and digitization of various documents. This technology is important in facilitating the efficient use of handwritten documents, especially within academic, historical, and cultural contexts. The use of artificial intelligence in handwriting recognition offers a very good opportunity to achieve satisfactory results in this field, but to achieve good results a large dataset is needed. Creating a large dataset to train different AI models is a challenge for languages with limited resources such as the Albanian language. This paper aims to present a novel approach to the development of an HTR system for the Albanian language using an attention-based encoder-decoder architecture. The dataset used in the experiments is a synthetic dataset generated using deep learning techniques based on the English language dataset as they are both variants of the Latin alphabet. We enhanced the dataset with two letters specific to Albanian, (“ë” and “ç”). The usage of pre-trained English models for handwriting recognition improved our model’s performance. The results of the experiments are very promising and prove that our approach is efficient in recognizing handwriting in the Albanian language. This shows that the attention-based encoder-decoder architecture can be adopted for different languages with limited resources.
Mitigating Malware Threats on Emerging Technology: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Salam Aanmar Abdou , Based Md. Abdul , Houssam Mohamed Islam , Uddin Mohammad Shorif
Published: May 2024

Malicious programs and malware threats lead to a substantial vulnerability and pose a fundamental problem. Nowadays, smart devices are becoming more common, and consequently, the risk of malware intrusion is highly observed. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration from the initial to the final phase of an effective strategy and the deployment of a model to detect malware efficiently. The proposed Mitigating Malware Threats on Emerging Technology framework “MMTET” will help mitigate the risk of intrusion. This study explores the complexity of handling datasets. Random Forests and Decision Trees serve as machine learning algorithms for training and testing. Starting with a data collection method to obtain relevant parameters, this paper highlights the importance of well-curated datasets in training using effective machine learning models. Data analysis follows a statistical approach, and the visualization tools are used for identifying inherent biases, imbalances, and trends in datasets. For boosting the dataset’s quality, feature engineering and selection take a central stage to balance the data with new methodologies and detect relevant features with correlation analysis. Experimental result shows that Random Forest has the best performance compared to other methods obtained from different algorithms, with accuracy 98.30%.
The Climate Moratorium
Authors: Hirokawa Keith H. , Carlarne Cinnamon P.
Published: May 2024

Climate change is our new reality. The impacts of climatic changes, including massive forest fires, floods, drought, severe storms, saltwater intrusion, and the resulting migration of people displaced by such impacts, will continue to ravage communities across the nation into the foreseeable future. In the meantime, communities continue to expand and growth continues unabated in many of the most climate-impacted areas. Given that most communities are unprepared for the onslaught of climate disasters and many continue to increase existing community vulnerabilities through unsustainable growth and development practices, we need legal tools that will provide space to engage in effective adaptation planning. The climate moratorium is one such tool. Moratoria, which have been used to temporarily halt development and associated impacts to facilitate effective land-use planning, have long been used by communities to address community and infrastructure vulnerabilities. This Article proposes a climate moratorium.
In Defense of 2.0°C: The Value of Aspirational Environmental Goals
Authors: Lin Albert C.
Published: May 2024

Aspirational goals, such as the Paris Agreement’s goals of avoiding a global temperature increase of 1.5°C or 2.0°C, can be found throughout environmental law. Such goals, though sometimes unrealistic, perform important functions. They may serve as asymptotic directives that guide implementing entities; yardsticks to measure and evaluate progress; expressions of social values; and expanders of policy space. As asymptotic directives, aspirational goals may push actors to achieve more than they otherwise might accomplish. Incorporated into treaties or statutes, they can serve as guideposts for implementing concrete substantive and procedural requirements. With the passage of time, aspirational goals function as yardsticks for measuring progress and identifying needed adjustments and course corrections. Aspirational goals also express messages about society’s priorities while seeking to shape its values. While aspirational standards can deflect alternative approaches, weaken support for policy objectives, or mislead the public, they ultimately can expand the range of possible outcomes and motivate actions that achieve significant progress towards lofty aspirations.
Successive but Not Successful: Does the AEDPA Allow Federal Prisoners to Reassert Previously Presented Claims for Habeas Relief?
Authors: Bitgood Michael P.
Published: May 2024

The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA) unequivocally bars state prisoners from reasserting previously presented claims for habeas relief. Currently, the circuits are embroiled in a disagreement regarding whether the AEDPA also bars federal prisoners in the same way, and federal prisoners’ potentially viable claims for habeas relief hang in the balance. Prior to the Ninth Circuit’s decision in Jones v. United States, six circuits agreed that the AEDPA does bar federal prisoners’ previously asserted habeas claims, but the Sixth Circuit alone disagreed. Now, the Jones decision aligns the Ninth Circuit with the Sixth Circuit’s position. Through an in-depth analysis of Jones, this Note argues that Jones was rightly decided and that the AEDPA should not be construed to bar federal prisoners’ previously presented habeas claims. Since both textual analysis and sound public policy compel this conclusion, this Note proposes that the Supreme Court should adopt Jones’s holding to end this circuit split.
РЕЦЕНЗІЯ НА КНИГУ ВОЛОДИМИРА АРЕШОНКОВА, ІГОРЯ СМАГІНА «АНАТОМІЯ ВЧИТЕЛЬСЬКОГО ПРОФЕСІОНАЛІЗМУ» (2023 р.)
Authors: Kyrychenko Mykola , Sorochan Tamara
Published: May 2024

Рецензія на книгу В. Арешонкова, І. Смагіна «Анатомія вчительського професіоналізму» (Київ: Видавничий дім «Києво-Могилянська академія», 2023 р.) присвячена аналізу твору, виокремленню значущих для педагогічної науки і освітньої практики аспектів. Приділено увагу структурі книги, що розкриває логіку авторського задуму, дослідницьким позиціям авторів, особливостям жанру, метафоричності назви, багатозначності смислів епіграфів. Рецензенти конкретизують основні аспекти і зазначають власне тлумачення щодо змісту кожного розділу книги. Особливий наголос зроблено на проблемах професійного розвитку, післядипломної освіти, підвищення кваліфікації учителів. Позитивної оцінки рецензентів набули теоретико-методологічні основи проведеного дослідження, зокрема, детальний аналіз понять сучасного дискурсу педагогіки, теорій, концепцій як вітчизняних, так і закордонних досліджень. Зазначається, що розкрито основні підходи, як-от андрагогічний, історико-педагогічний, територіальний, системний. Подано рекомендації і пропозиції щодо руху до європейської освітянської спільноти і нових поглядів на вчительський професіоналізм, висвітлено роль професійних асоціацій, потребу в інкорпорації законодавства про освіту, що ґрунтується на довірі до вчителя, необхідність удосконалення професійного стандарту вчителя.
The Influence of Competence and Training on Employee Performance at Bojonegoro Regency Social Service
Authors: Ahbab Tuhfatul , Prima Rini Hesty
Published: May 2024

Performance is the sum of an employee's efforts in terms of output, quantity, cooperation, and working hours in order to meet the organization's objectives. This research aims to determine the influence of competence and training on the performance of Bojonegoro Regency Social Service employees. Saturated sampling is the approach used for sampling in this study, which employs quantitative research techniques. The measurement scale used is a Likert scale of 1- 5. The sample for this research was 50 employees of the Bojonegoro Regency Social Service. Partial Least Square is used for data processing and hypothesis testing (PLS). The results of this research are that competence (X1) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (Y) and training (X2) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (Y).
Connecting process models to response times through Bayesian hierarchical regression analysis
Authors: Behrens Thea , Kühn Adrian , Jäkel Frank
Published: May 2024

Process models specify a series of mental operations necessary to complete a task. We demonstrate how to use process models to analyze response-time data and obtain parameter estimates that have a clear psychological interpretation. A prerequisite for our analysis is a process model that generates a count of elementary information processing steps (EIP steps) for each trial of an experiment. We can estimate the duration of an EIP step by assuming that every EIP step is of random duration, modeled as draws from a gamma distribution. A natural effect of summing several random EIP steps is that the expected spread of the overall response time increases with a higher EIP step count. With modern probabilistic programming tools, it becomes relatively easy to fit Bayesian hierarchical models to data and thus estimate the duration of a step for each individual participant. We present two examples in this paper: The first example is children’s performance on simple addition tasks, where the response time is often well predicted by the smaller of the two addends. The second example is response times in a Sudoku task. Here, the process model contains some random decisions and the EIP step count thus becomes latent. We show how our EIP regression model can be extended to such a case. We believe this approach can be used to bridge the gap between classical cognitive modeling and statistical inference and will be easily applicable to many use cases.
Ethnic visibility and ethnolinguistic repertoires: Dearborn English and the hijab
Authors: Sheydaei Iman
Published: May 2024

This study explores the intersection of ethnic visibility and linguistic behavior by analyzing the speech of two groups of Muslim female speakers in Dearborn, MI: one group wearing the Islamic hijab and another not wearing the hijab. Recent research shows that the variety of American English spoken in Dearborn is locally recognized and includes certain ethno-local markers such as higher rates of word-final /t/ glottalization and the convergence of voice onset time for lenis and fortis members of bilabial and velar stops. The Dearborn ethnolinguistic repertoire also features a vowel pattern not consistent with surrounding mainstream patterns. The sociolinguistic analysis in the present study explores the intersection between female Dearborners’ sartorial choices in terms of the Islamic hijab and their linguistic behavior with reference to the features of Dearborn English. Labovian Sociolinguistic Interviews were conducted with 16 female Dearborners: 9 with the Islamic headcover and 7 without the headcover. The results show both groups of speakers display similarly high rates of /t/ glottalization, a prominent feature of Dearborn English, in their speech. However, the hijab-wearing group’s stop VOT distribution and vowel patterning is more strongly aligned with the features of Dearborn English, showing compatibility between their sartorial and linguistic choices.
United Cyclic Agree
Authors: Tamar-Mattis Squid
Published: May 2024

The operation Agree has been defined in many different ways for different purposes. This presents a problem for minimalist syntax, since no one form of Agree can explain all of the relevant generalizations. It becomes especially problematic when multiple versions of Agree must exist simultaneously on the same probe in order to explain different phenomena. This article examines two such phenomena in Basque finite verb agreement: ergative displacement and the Strong Person-Case Constraint, and the theories that account for them: Cyclic Agree (Béjar and Rezac 2009) and Feature Gluttony (Coon and Keine 2021). A combined approach called United Cyclic Agree is proposed, which captures the advantages of both theories without generating any new erroneous predictions. In this theory, all of the segments in a probe continue probing in successive cycles until they all have matching goals or there is nowhere left to probe.
Perception of the question tune in Guanzhong Mandarin
Authors: Zhang Jiarui
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the perception of the question tune in Guanzhong Mandarin and the interaction between tone and tune using the AX paradigm. Our findings reveal a complex interplay between lexical tones and question tunes, in which when the lexical tone is rising, it is more difficult to perceive question tunes. Furthermore, the research argues that the question tune retrieval requires extra working memory load and cognitive processing, because of the tune information brought by a high register and a high boundary tone.
Mỹky interlocutor exponence and the syntax of the speech act
Authors: Bardagil Bernat
Published: May 2024

Mỹky is an isolated polysynthetic language spoken in southern Amazonia, in the western area of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso (Monserrat 2010; Bardagil 2023). One of the morpheme slots on the right edge of the polysynthetic verb displays a morphological alternation, with one form corresponding to a speaker and addressee of the same category, and another form to interlocutors of different categories. I lay out a proposal to account for this alternation as an instance of morphological indexing of speech act-level participants, rather than event- or clause-level, by adopting a Par- ticipant Structure Analysis (Portner et al. 2019, 2022) and reframing Status as a broader notion called Sameness.
Theme maximalization through modifiers: A case of Mandarin verbal classifier bian
Authors: Guo Yiyang
Published: May 2024

Maximalization strategies and their syntactic representations are at the centre of a long debate (Filip & Rothstein 2005; Filip 2008; Martínez Vera 2021; a.o.). Semantically, events can be maximalized with respect to theme, path, degree, etc., and thus maximalization features several types. Syntactically, maximalization has been argued to be exerted by a verb or an argument of the verb. This research offers a novel observation that elements in a modifier position can also introduce maximalization. In particular, I propose that Mandarin verbal classifier bian is a theme-maximalizing element situated in an adjunct of VP. I further provide a compositional analysis within the framework of neo-Davidsonian event semantics. In the end, I compare bian with another theme-maximaling element diao and identify two distinct levels of theme maximalization.
Experiencia con la Técnica de Sutura Compresiva Ruiz-Casas como Manejo de la Atonía Uterina Transcesárea
Authors: Casas Villafan Miriam Cecilia , Ruiz Marines Daniel , Medina López Jorge Luis , Dueñaz Tapia Giovanni
Published: May 2024

Objetivo. Describir la experiencia y beneficios en la aplicación sutura compresiva RUIZ-CASAS para manejo de la atonía uterina transcesárea en 5 pacientes del hospital de la Mujer Morelia. La hemorragia obstétrica es una de las complicaciones más temidas y una de las tres primeras causas de mortalidad materna en el mundo, que afecta aproximadamente el 2 % de todas las mujeres en la atención de parto o cesárea. Para lo cual es crucial la acción inmediata y secuencial, que inicia con el tratamiento farmacológico con uterotónicos (oxitocina, carbetocina, ergonovina, misoprostol) que en muchas ocasiones no logra ser efectivo para detener el sangrado, por lo que es necesario las intervenciones quirúrgicas. El tratamiento conservador del útero ha demostrado ser una alternativa terapéutica útil para disminuir la hemorragia y conservar la fertilidad en aquellas pacientes con paridad no satisfecha. Al encontrarnos en un hospital de referencia y de enseñanza, consideramos importante, implementar nuevas estrategias para disminuir la incidencia de procedimientos invasivos que afectan la fertilidad de las pacientes con deseo genésico, así como disminuir la tasa de histerectomías obstétricas que se llevan a cabo en esta institución ya que se trata de procedimientos que aumentan la morbilidad materna. Con la técnica de sutura compresiva Ruiz-Casas se disminuye la cantidad del sangrado, ya que conjunta dos mecanismos de acción diferentes, en un tiempo de aplicación mínimo y que requiere conocimientos básicos de anatomía pélvica.
Implementation of 21st Century Integrative Thematic Learning: Efforts to Form Entrepreneurship Students
Authors: Harahap Nazmi Handayani , Zakaria Abd Razak , Basri Hasan
Published: May 2024

This study aims to find out about the implementation of integrative thematic learning in 21st century learning as an effort to form entrepreneurship students. This research method is library research. Library research is research where the data or materials needed to complete the research come from the library either in the form of books, encyclopedias, dictionaries, journals, magazines and so on. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of Integrative Thematic learning in forming edupreneurship students can be done by: Integrated in all subjects, integrating with extracurricular activities, instilling a sense of responsibility, instilling in students to dare to take risks, instilling self-confidence in students towards their own abilities, instilling in students to have leadership skills, easily adapting to everyone, and being open to people's suggestions and criticisms, instilling in students to be able to be innovative, creative and flexible. The implications of implementing 21st century integrative thematic learning for entrepreneurship students are very important in current education. First, this approach allows the integration of various disciplines under one relevant theme, such as agriculture and fisheries, enriching students' learning experience and preparing them with a holistic understanding of entrepreneurship.
Teachers' Efforts to Overcome Bullying Cases in the School Environment: Effective Steps to Curb Bullying Behavior
Authors: Hulkin Muhammad , Irawan M. Ferry , Noptario Noptario , Zakaria Abd Razak
Published: May 2024

The role of teachers is very important in stemming bullying cases in the school environment. This study aims to investigate the efforts made by teachers in overcoming bullying cases in the school environment. Through a descriptive qualitative approach and in-depth interviews via Whatsapp, this research was conducted at Fathona Pakjo Integrated Islamic School Palembang. The research findings show that teachers who successfully address bullying cases have taken effective steps, such as identification of bullying cases using clear indicators, implementation of anti-bullying programs involving students and school staff, and collaboration with other parties such as parents and authorities. The results of this study have important implications in fostering an understanding of teachers' efforts in addressing bullying cases in the school environment, and can serve as a reference for schools and teachers in developing effective strategies to prevent and address bullying, with the aim of creating a safe and supportive learning environment for all students. Important implications include more targeted teacher training and the development of student education programs on empathy and inclusiveness for more effective anti-bullying policies. This conclusion is expected to encourage further research and assist schools in formulating more comprehensive strategies in addressing bullying issues.
Sekolah Radja "Kweekschool Fort de Kock": Exploring History and Role in Teacher Education in the Netherlands East-Indies
Authors: Putra Purwanto , Hendrawan Muhammad Rosyihan , Oktaria Renti , Gunawan Gunawan
Published: May 2024

This research aims to analyze the background and history of establishment, contributions, and educational impacts of the presence of the "School Radja," Kweekschool Fort de Kock, on indigenous students in the Dutch East Indies. The method employed is historical methodology, involving the collection, analysis, and interpretation of various historical sources related to the Kweekschool Fort de Kock school with new perspectives on methodology, methods, theories, and themes in historical research, social sciences, and particularly education. The findings indicate that the establishment of Kweekschool Fort de Kock was part of Dutch colonial efforts to educate and control the indigenous population in the Dutch East Indies. This school provided teacher education for indigenous students with the aim of creating educators loyal to the colonial government. In conclusion, the existence of Kweekschool Fort de Kock played a significant role in the history of education in the Dutch East Indies, aiming to educate the nation's children but also reflecting the dynamics of colonial power influencing the education process and cultural identity of indigenous students. This study underscores the importance of understanding the historical context of colonial education in evaluating the educational legacy left behind and its impact on indigenous communities.
KEGIATAN PROGRAM PENYULUHAN GIZI SEIMBANG DI MASA PERTUMBUHAN BALITA DI KELURAHAN GANDASULI KECAMATAN BREBES KABUPATEN BREBES
Authors: Tidar Muhammad Faris , Wahyani Anggray Duvita
Published: May 2024

The nutritional problem in Indonesia is a public health problem that cannot be solved by a medical approach and health care providers alone, but is closely related to the problem of food security at the household level, which includes aspects of knowledge and behaviors that support a healthy lifestyle. Based on data from the Brebes District Health Office for 2021, it is known that the highest incidence of malnutrition occurs in the working area of the Pemaron Health Center, namely the village of Gandasuli Brebes, which is 15%. Based on the results of observations with Posyandu midwives and cadres in Gandasuli village of Brebes that the daily food intake of infants and children does not meet the guidelines for a balanced diet, this shows poor knowledge of mothers of a balanced diet during growth. toddler and child period. The mother's lack of knowledge about infant and child health and the assumption that all foods are equal, regardless of the nutritional value of the food provided, make infants and children suffer easily malnutrition.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) in Hyderabad, Sindh
Authors: Bathija Santosh Kumar , Tunio Sarfraz , Bano Shaista , Siddiqui Aasma
Published: May 2024

Hepatitis is an infection with swelling and inflammation of the liver that may lead to cirrhosis. Viral hepatitis is an important public issue around the world, particularly in developing countries. The current study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence rate of HDV in Hyderabad, Sindh. A total of 1054 HDV suspected patients were enrolled for the determination of HDV seroprevalence in Hyderabad. All samples were analyzed by competitive ELISA using DIA.PRO kit as per manufacturer’s guidelines. Out of 1054, the prevalence rate of HDV was found to be 18.69% (n=197) whereas 81.31% (n=857) were negative. The gender wise distribution of positive samples demonstrated that 12.33% (n=130) were male patients and 6.36% (n=67) were female patients. In conclusion, the current study has demonstrated a high prevalence rate of HDV infections. Moreover, it was observed that the male patients were more susceptible to HDV infection as compared to female patients
Isolation of Rhizospheric Bacteria from Soil and Their Antifungal Activity Against Helminthosporium oryzae the Causal Agent of Brown Spot of Rice
Authors: Ali Irfan , Abro Manzoor Ali , Syed Rehana Naz
Published: May 2024

The brown spot of rice caused by Helminthosporium oryzae is a serious disease that affects the yield of rice crops. Brown spots of rice have been reported in almost all rice-growing countries. Therefore, the present study was to explore the management of brown spots of rice. through an antagonistic activity using rhizospheric bacteria. The method employed for soil sample collection was persuaded for bacterial isolation through the serial dilution plate technique. For the results of morphological characteristics of bacterial strain from soils of rice crop collected from Hyderabad. The results of the present study show that many colonies made by bacteria and which were consisted of different sizes, shapes, and colors. Whereas the results of the 15 isolates strains of rhizobacteria, only 06 bacterial strains IAP-1, IAP-2, IAP-04, IAP-09, IAP-12, and IAP-14 were found more effective in antagonizing H.oryzae, under in-vitro conditions. Antagonistic activity of rhizobacteria against H. organize showed significant inhibitory effects. The rhizobacteria showed the primordial result against against H. oryzae and will be helpful as a formulation not only for commercial purposes but also for beneficial biological control against the Brown spot of rice
Parallax Effect in Microlensing Events Due to Free-floating Planets
Authors: Sangtarash Parisa , Sajadian Sedighe
Published: May 2024

One of the most important applications of microlensing observations is the detection of free-floating planets (FFPs). The timescale of microlensing due to FFPs (t
E) is short (a few days). Discerning the annual parallax effect in observations of these short-duration events due to FFPs by one observer is barely possible, though their parallax amplitude is larger than that in common events. In microlensing events due to FFPs, the lens–source relative trajectory alters because of the observer’s motion by
δ

u
. This deviation is a straight line as long as t
E ≪ P
⊕, and its size is δ
u ∝ π
rel (P
⊕ is the observer’s orbital period). So, most observed microlensing events due to close FFPs have simple Paczyńsky light curves with indiscernible but important parallax. To evaluate the destructive effects of invisible parallax in such events, we simulate ∼9650 microlensing events due to FFPs with t
E < 10 days that are observed only by the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman). We conclude that in half of these microlensing events the missing parallax alters the real light curves, changing their shape and derived properties (by Δχ
2 ≳ 100). By fitting Paczyński light curves to these affected events we evaluate the relative and dimensionless deviations in the lensing parameters from their real values (δ
t
E, δ
ρ
⋆, ...). We conclude that around 46 FFPs that are discovered by Roman have light curves highly affected by invisible parallax with δ
t
E > 0.1 and δ
ρ
⋆ > 0.1. Our study reveals the importance of simultaneous and dense observations of the same microlensing events viewed by Roman by other observers circling the Sun in different orbits.
Probing the Circumgalactic Medium with Fast Radio Bursts: Insights from CAMELS
Authors: Medlock Isabel , Nagai Daisuke , Singh Priyanka , Oppenheimer Benjamin , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco
Published: May 2024

Most diffuse baryons, including the circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) in the cosmic web, remain unmeasured and unconstrained. Fast radio bursts (FRBs) offer an unparalleled method to measure the electron dispersion measures (DMs) of ionized baryons. Their distribution can resolve the missing baryon problem and constrain the history of feedback theorized to impart significant energy to the CGM and IGM. We analyze the Cosmology and Astrophysics with Machine Learning Simulations using three suites, IllustrisTNG, SIMBA, and Astrid, each varying six parameters (two cosmological and four astrophysical feedback), for a total of 183 distinct simulation models. We find significantly different predictions between the fiducial models of the suites owing to their different implementations of feedback. SIMBA exhibits the strongest feedback, leading to the smoothest distribution of baryons and reducing the sight-line-to-sight-line variance in DMs between z = 0 and 1. Astrid has the weakest feedback and the largest variance. We calculate FRB CGM measurements as a function of galaxy impact parameter, with SIMBA showing the weakest DMs due to aggressive active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback and Astrid the strongest. Within each suite, the largest differences are due to varying AGN feedback. IllustrisTNG shows the most sensitivity to supernova feedback, but this is due to the change in the AGN feedback strengths, demonstrating that black holes, not stars, are most capable of redistributing baryons in the IGM and CGM. We compare our statistics directly to recent observations, paving the way for the use of FRBs to constrain the physics of galaxy formation and evolution.
Bayesian Synthesis of Astrometric Wobble and Total Light Curves in Close Binary Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Kovačević Andjelka B. , Songsheng Yu-Yang , Wang Jian-Min , Popović Luka Č.
Published: May 2024

We test the potential of Bayesian synthesis of upcoming multi-instrument data to extract orbital parameters and individual light curves of close binary supermassive black holes (CB-SMBH) with subparsec separations. Next-generation interferometers, will make possible the observation of astrometric wobbles in CB-SMBH. Combining them with periodic variable time-domain data from surveys like the Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time, allows for more information on CB-SMBH candidates compared to standalone observational methods. Our method reliably determines binary parameters and component fluxes from binary total flux across long-term, intermediate, and short-term binary dynamics and observational configurations, assuming 10 annual observations, even in short period “q-accrete” objects. Expected CB-SMBH astrometric wobbles constructed from binary dynamical parameters might serve in refining observational strategies for CB-SMBH. Combination of inferred mass ratio, light curves of binary components, and observed photocenter wobbles can be a proxy for the activity states of CB-SMBH components.
Deep Synoptic Array Science: First FRB and Host Galaxy Catalog
Authors: Law Casey J. , Sharma Kritti , Ravi Vikram , Chen Ge , Catha Morgan , Connor Liam , Faber Jakob T. , Hallinan Gregg , Harnach Charlie , Hellbourg Greg , Hobbs Rick , Hodge David , Hodges Mark , Lamb James W. , Rasmussen Paul , Sherman Myles B. , Shi Jun , Simard Dana , Squillace Reynier , Weinreb Sander , Woody David P. , Yurk Nitika Yadlapalli
Published: May 2024

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are a powerful and mysterious new class of transients that are luminous enough to be detected at cosmological distances. By associating FRBs to host galaxies, we can measure intrinsic and environmental properties that test FRB origin models, in addition to using them as precise probes of distant cosmic gas. The Deep Synoptic Array (DSA-110) is a radio interferometer built to maximize the rate at which it can simultaneously detect and localize FRBs. Here, we present the first sample of FRBs and host galaxies discovered by the DSA-110. This sample of 11 FRBs is the largest, most uniform sample of localized FRBs to date, as it is selected based on association with host galaxies identified in optical imaging by Pan-STARRS1. These FRBs have not been observed to repeat, and their radio properties (dispersion, temporal scattering, energy) are similar to that of the known nonrepeating FRB population. Most host galaxies have ongoing star formation, as has been identified before for FRB hosts. Two hosts of the new sample are massive, quiescent galaxies. The distribution of star formation history across this host-galaxy sample shows that the delay time distribution is wide, with a power-law model that spans from ∼100 Myr to ≳2 Gyr. This requires the existence of one or more progenitor formation channels associated with old stellar populations, such as the binary evolution of compact objects.
Study of the Observation Sensitivity of Gamma-Ray Bursts for the HADAR Project
Authors: Zhang Zi-Hao , Chen Tian-Lu , Feng You-Liang , Guo Yi-Qing , Yao Yu-Hua , Liu Cheng , Ren Yang-Zhao , Liu Heng-Jiao , Hu Hong-Bo , Chen Qi-Ling , Xin Guang-Guang , Zhang Yi , Yuan Qiang
Published: May 2024

The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation (HADAR) is a novel wide-field Cherenkov Telescope. It is designed for gamma-ray astronomy in the energy range of 10 GeV to 100 TeV, with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) being one of its primary research focuses. To assess its complementary capabilities, this study first presents the Crab sensitivity of HADAR. Then, to compare the sensitivity of GRBs, the observation time for all experiments is standardized to 100 s. To clearly demonstrate HADAR’s advantages, we estimate its observational results with a 221009A-like GRB. The study found that HADAR is capable of more comprehensively recording the bending and absorption of self-Compton radiation, which is expected to fill observational gaps in space- and ground-based experiments. We anticipate that this facility will ensure a large statistical GRB sample and advance our understanding of GRBs.
Hidden Companions to Intermediate-mass Stars. XIX. Spin–Orbit Misalignment and a 0.26M
⊙, 1.8 au Companion in the Astrometric Binary Gamma Trianguli Australis*
Authors: Waisberg Idel , Klein Ygal , Katz Boaz
Published: May 2024

Gamma Trianguli Australis is a nearby A-type star that was reported to be a 488 days astrometric binary in Gaia DR3. Here we report on a VLTI/GRAVITY observation of γ TrA in which we did not detect the companion down to a K band flux ratio of 0.5%. From the isochrone mass M

A
 = 3.04M
⊙ of the subgiant primary, this implies a semimajor axis a
orb = 1.8 au and that the companion is a M

B
 = 0.26M
⊙ M dwarf. The primary disk is partially resolved with an angular diameter θ
1 ≈ 1 mas ↔ 13.0R
⊙. The differential visibility phases across the Brγ absorption line allowed us to measure the longitude of the ascending node of the primary’s rotational plane Ωrot = 212° ± 3°. This implies a spin–orbit misalignment of at least 27° ± 3° based on the Gaia astrometric solution.
How Reliable are Rotation Period Determinations from TESS Data?
Authors: Lares-Martiz Mariel , Buzasi Derek , Oswalt Terry , Confeiteiro Krystian , Gee Ahnika , Guida Luca , Reynolds Ryan , Walls Melinda
Published: May 2024

Gyrochronology is the empirical relation between rotation and age. NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), Kepler, and K2 missions have observed thousands of wide main sequence binaries. Since components of a binary are coeval, their rotation periods should be consistent with gyrochronology models. However, the usefulness of gyrochronology depends upon reliable rotation periods. We explore the reliability of rotation period determinations for a sample of wide binary components from the TESS cycle 3. Wide binaries with the most reliable rotation period determinations provide a strong basis for testing whether the gyrochronology empirical relation derived from open clusters is also valid for field stars.
Dry Downhill Particle Motion on Mars
Authors: Bila Tetyana , Wurm Gerhard , Stuers Kai , Joeris Kolja , Teiser Jens
Published: May 2024

We recently flew a new setup on parabolic flights for the first time to study particle motion on Martian slopes under Martian gravity. Here, we describe the initial experiments. We used dust/sand beds at varying ambient pressure of a few hundred pascals. The inclination of the particle bed was varied from 0° to 45° and parts of the surface were illuminated under varying conditions. We could observe downhill motion of material related to the insolation at the lowest light flux used of 591 ± 11 W m−2 for JSC Martian simulant. Motion occurred at significantly lower inclinations under illumination than without illumination, i.e., down to about 10° compared to about 20°–30°, respectively. We attribute this reduction in slope to thermal creep gas flow in the subsoil. This induces a Knudsen compressor, which supports grains against gravity and leads to smaller angles of repose. This is applicable to recurring slope lineae and slopes on Mars in general.
New camaenid genus and species from Zhejiang, East China (Eupulmonata, Helicoidea)
Authors: Wu Min , Chen Tian , Shen Wang
Published: May 2024

We report a new land snail species representing a new genus from the mountainous area of Zhejiang, China. The snail has a depressed shell with granules all over the surface. The soft part of the new taxon is characterized by the presence of a mantle lobe whose form is reviewed herein across a wide range of helicoid snails, the presence of a developed epiphallic papilla, and the absence of a penial sheath, a dart sac apparatus and a flagellum. As indicated by a molecular-based phylogeny (16S + ITS2), the new taxon is deeply nested in the eastern Asian camaenid genera and shows a close relationship with the camaenids distributed in Central China.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association With Immune Activation
Authors: Ormseth Michelle J. , Oeser Annette M. , Chung Cecilia P. , Stein C. Michael
Published: May 2024

Objective

The prevalence of hypertension, a major cardiovascular risk factor, is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may be driven by immune activation. The purpose of this study was to determine if ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure (BP) is elevated in RA vs control participants and whether it is associated with immune activation.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 46 patients with RA and 23 control participants. Participants wore an ambulatory BP monitor that obtained diurnal BP every 15-30 minutes and nocturnal BP every 30 minutes. Inflammatory mediators in plasma were measured using an inflammation proteomics panel. Differences in BP measurements were assessed by Mann-WhitneyUtest, and association with inflammatory mediators was assessed by Spearman correlation.

Results

Patients with RA and control participants had similar office BP, but median ambulatory systolic BP (SBP) measurements (24-hour [RA 121 mmHg vs control 116 mmHg;P= 0.01], diurnal [RA 128 mmHg vs control 120 mmHg;P= 0.003], and nocturnal [RA 112 mmHg vs control 103 mmHg;P= 0.002]) were higher in patients with RA. Patients with RA also had higher nocturnal diastolic BP (DBP; RA 63 mmHg vs control 57 mmHg;P= 0.02), but other DBP measurements were similar. Nocturnal BP dipping was less in patients with RA (12%) compared to control participants (16%;P= 0.02). In patients with RA, higher 24-hour and nocturnal SBPs and less nocturnal dipping were strongly correlated with a wide range of inflammatory mediators.

Conclusion

Despite similar office measurements, 24-hour and nocturnal SBP measurements were higher in patients with RA than in control participants and were strongly associated with inflammation.
Including gender dimension in operations management teaching
Authors: Lusa Amaia , Peña Marta , Mas de les Valls Elisabet
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This paper aims at introducing the importance and the relevant concepts and tools for including gender dimension in teaching, with a special focus in the Operations Management knowledge field.Design/methodology/approach: The methodology is based on a literature review and on the knowledge and experience of the authors in teaching in the field of Operations Management and designing and implementing trainings and pilot programs for including gender dimension in teaching and.Findings: Even if there already exist some general guidelines for including gender dimension in teaching and in some countries the law requires the inclusion of gender dimension in high education, the effective inclusion of gender dimension in teaching is still in a very preliminary stage. Moreover, there are not specific studies focused on the Operations Management field.Research limitations/implications: Even if the authors have wide experience in the field, the proposals have not been applied to many courses so there is no empirical evidence of the achieved results.Practical implications: The paper can be useful for people teaching in Industrial Engineering and Operations Management courses’, as it gives not only some general guidelines and concepts but also specific examples that can be directly applied to their courses.Social implications: Including gender dimension in Industrial Engineering and Operations Management courses, which are still male dominated, can help achieving the SDG 5, which is focused on achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls. Specifically, including gender dimension in teaching allow breaking stereotypes, changing the image of the knowledge field, empowering female students and giving both men and women tools for including the gender dimension in their professional careers.Originality/value: There exist some general guidelines for including gender dimension in teaching but, to the best of our knowledge, there is no any specific work that is focused on the Operations Management knowledge field.
Design analysis and simulation of serpentine-shaped piezoelectric cantilever beam for pipeline vibration-based energy harvester
Authors: Fairuz Wan Nabila Mohd , Nawi Illani Mohd , Ahmad Mohamad Radzi , Kannan Ramani
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the design and simulation of a novel serpentine-shaped piezoelectric cantilever beam to harness pipeline vibration energy. As the demand for sustainable energy sources increases, harvesting piezoelectric energy from environmental vibrations offers an attractive way to use low-power devices. The purpose of the proposed serpentine configuration is to improve energy dissipation efficiency by maximizing the piezoelectric material exposure to dynamic mechanical stress caused by pipeline vibration. The design process included finite element analysis simulations performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to optimize the geometry of the cantilever beam. The serpentine structure was strategically designed to take advantage of the flexural vibration caused by the pipeline and its operating dynamics. Extensive simulations evaluated the piezoelectric cantilever beam, taking into account various parameters such as beam size, shape and material properties. From the analysis conducted in COMSOL Multiphysics software, the model was able to produce up to 14.38 V at the resonant frequency of 263 Hz. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the serpentine-shaped piezoelectric cantilever in generating electrical energy from the pipeline vibrations within the safe vibration region of the pipeline from 10 to 300 Hz.
The dynamics of a delayed predator-prey model with square root functional response and stage structure
Authors: Peng Miao , Lin Rui , Zhang Zhengdi , Huang Lei
Published: May 2024

In recent years, one of the most prevalent matters in population ecology has been the study of predator-prey relationships. In this context, this paper investigated the dynamic behavior of a delayed predator-prey model considering square root type functional response and stage structure for predators. First, we obtained positivity and boundedness of the solutions and existence of equilibrium points. Second, by applying the stability theory of delay differential equations and the Hopf bifurcation theorem, we discussed the system's local stability and the existence of a Hopf bifurcation at the positive equilibrium point. Moreover, the properties of the Hopf bifurcation were deduced by using the central manifold theorem and normal form method. Analytical results showed that when the time delay was less than the critical value, the two populations will coexist, otherwise the ecological balance will be disrupted. Finally, some numerical simulations were also included to verify the theoretical results.
Oscillation behavior of second-order self-adjoint $ q $-difference equations
Authors: Zafer Aǧacık , Gürkan Zeynep Nilhan
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigate the oscillation behavior of second-order self-adjoint $ q $-difference equations, focusing on the renowned Leighton oscillation theorem. Through an example, we demonstrate that the $ q $-version of Leighton's classical oscillation theorem does not hold and requires refinement. To address this, we introduce an oscillation-preserving transformation and establish alternative theorems to the ones existing in the literature. The strength of our work lies in the absence of any sign condition on the potential function. We also provide illustrative examples to support our findings and mention directions for future research.
Infinite series involving harmonic numbers and reciprocal of binomial coefficients
Authors: Chen Kwang-Wu , Yang Fu-Yao
Published: May 2024

Yamamoto's integral was the integral associated with 2-posets, which was first introduced by Yamamoto. In this paper, we obtained the values of infinite series involving harmonic numbers and reciprocal of binomial coefficients by using some techniques of Yamamoto's integral. We determine the value of infinite series of the form:

   \begin{document}$ \sum\limits_{m_1,\ldots,m_n,\ell_1,\ldots,\ell_k\geq 1}\frac{H_{m_1}^{(a_1)}\cdots H_{m_n}^{(a_n)}} {m_1^{b_1}\cdots m_n^{b_n}\ell_1^{c_1}\cdots\ell_k^{c_k} \binom{m_1+\cdots+m_n+\ell_1+\cdots+\ell_k}{\ell_k}}, $\end{document}

in terms of a finite sum of multiple zeta values, for positive integers $ a_1, \ldots, a_n, b_1, \ldots, b_n, c_1, \ldots, c_k $.
IMPACT OF SHADING DEVICES ON COOLING LOAD IN EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Rahmouni Sofiane , Mohammed Antar Si
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the influence of shading devices in non-residential buildings on enhancing cooling loads, mitigating environmental impact, and reducing energy consumption in semi-arid climates. The focus is on educational buildings as part of Algeria's national strategy to enhance sustainability and decrease energy usage. To achieve this, a comparative analysis was conducted, encompassing both numerical and experimental assessments of the effects of four indoor shading techniques and three outdoor shading techniques. Subsequently, the impact of the optimal shading combination on four main orientations was evaluated using dynamic building simulation software.

The outcomes demonstrate that the optimal combination of shading devices substantially affects cooling loads, leading to noteworthy energy savings and a reduction in CO2 emissions. Notably, these savings can reach up to 7% in cooling load reduction and up to 32% in energy and CO2 emission reductions. Furthermore, the study concludes that distinct design considerations should be tailored to climate attributes and building orientations to achieve maximal cooling load reductions.

This research enriches the existing knowledge concerning the optimization of shading devices for educational buildings with a focus on cooling load reduction. The findings emphasize the necessity for architects, builders, and proprietors to incorporate passive design alternatives that align optimally with energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and overall building sustainability.