bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of police officer exposure to traumatic experiences and recognizing the stigma associated with police officer mental health
Authors: Velazquez Elizabeth , Hernandez Maria
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review current research on police officer mental health and to explore the reasons why police officers do not seek mental health treatment.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive, systematic search of multiple academic databases (e.g. EBSCO Host) were used to identify studies conducted within the USA, identified definitions of first responders, identified the type of duty-related trauma expected by police officers, how influential stigma is amongst the police culture and what current intervention strategies are employed to assist police officer mental health wellness.

Findings

This research was conducted to identify police officer trauma-related mental health and the stigma behind seeking treatment. The research highlights job-related trauma and stress leads to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use disorder and suicide or suicide ideation. The stigma behind seeking mental health treatment is associated with law enforcement organizations and environmental factors. Organizational factors include occupational stress characteristics such as day-to-day of the job and environmental factors such as abiding by social and law enforcement culture ideologies. Further research should be conducted to understand why law enforcing agencies and personnel are unknowingly promoting stigmas.

Originality/value

This is the most current meta-review of research examining the severity of mental health in police officers, the stigma behind acquiring treatment and innovative treatment approaches in police officer mental health. This study will provide a useful resource for those researchers interested in continuing to examine the different aspects of police officer mental health and how to potently approach innovative interventions to help law enforcement personals mental wellness thrive in a field where trauma is experienced daily.
Principles of Tax Design, Public Policy and Beyond: The Ideas of James Mirrlees, 1936–2018
Authors: Blundell Richard , Preston Ian
Published: February 2019

Sir James Mirrlees, co‐recipient of the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, passed away in August 2018. This article outlines how his work has transformed economists’ understanding of their discipline – from the principles of tax design to the theory of contracts and beyond. By conceiving of policy questions in terms of information asymmetries between governments and taxpayers, Mirrlees demonstrated how to conduct convincing analysis of redistributive objectives together with incentive effects in the design of general tax systems and public policy more broadly. His ability to simplify complex problems in ways that reveal their tractable essence means that his work has yielded insights that have reverberated throughout the discipline. It has also proved highly fruitful for practical policy design.
Child Sexual Abuse Perpetrated by Women: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Curti Serena Maria , Lupariello Francesco , Coppo Elena , Praznik Evan Julian , Racalbuto Sara Simona , Di Vella Giancarlo
Published: February 2019

The literature on child sexual abuse (CSA) perpetrated by female sexual offenders (FSOs) is exiguous, and many studies have focused on judicial databases. The present retrospective study, instead, analyzed clinical and judicial data of a group of both victims and alleged FSOs, to additionally include women who have not been convicted by the criminal justice system, but who hold strong clinical suspicions of being perpetrators of CSA. The medical records and the Court files of 11 children and their eight suspected FSOs have been collected and critically reviewed in light of the literature to date. This approach allowed for a deeper understanding of the relationship between child and FSO. The authors hypothesize that the victims’ severe psychopathological outcomes were a result of a failure to develop appropriate attachments with their prospective caregivers, which could have been damaged by the pathological relationship with FSOs, who were the victims’ caregivers.
A national survey of aged care facility managers’ views of preparedness for natural disasters relevant to residents with dementia
Authors: Schnitker Linda , Fielding Elaine , MacAndrew Margaret , Beattie Elizabeth , Lie David , FitzGerald Gerard
Published: February 2019

Objective

The aim was to explore the natural disaster preparedness strategies of Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs), focussing on aspects relevant to people with dementia.

Methods

An online survey was sent to 2617 RACF managers, with 416 responding. Questions included the following: (a) demographics; (b) presence and detail level of disaster/evacuation plans; and (c) references to people with dementia.

Results

One in four facilities had experienced a natural disaster in the previous five years. The majority had plans for natural disaster and evacuation. Two‐thirds recognised the unique needs of people with dementia. Managers anticipated that residents with dementia would require more staff time and resources and might become disoriented.

Conclusions

Gaps identified in existing RACF evacuation plans highlighted challenges in ensuring the ongoing safety and care of residents, especially those with dementia. Facilities need to have adequate plans and processes that minimise the potential risks of natural disasters.
Allium vegetables are associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer: A hospital‐based matched case‐control study in China
Authors: Wu Xin , Shi Jing , Fang Wan‐xia , Guo Xiao‐yu , Zhang Ling‐yun , Liu Yun‐peng , Li Zhi
Published: February 2019

Aim

The present study aimed to investigate and identify the association between the intake of allium vegetables and colorectal cancer (CRC) in population.

Methods

A hospital‐based matched case‐control study was conducted between June 2009 and November 2011 in three hospitals. Eight hundred thirty three consecutively recruited cases of CRC were frequency matched to 833 controls by age (within 2.5 years of difference), sex, and residence area (rural/urban). Demographic and dietary information were collected via face‐to‐face interviews using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using unconditional logistic regression.

Results

A decreased CRC risk was observed for the consumption of total (aORs of high total allium intake compared with low total allium intake = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.14–0.30, P trend <0.001) and several individual allium vegetables including garlic, garlic stalks, leek, onion, and spring onion (P trend <0.05). By further sex‐stratified analysis, allium vegetable intake was demonstrated to be inversely associated with the risk of CRC in both men and women. However, the association of garlic intake with cancer risk was not significant among those with distal colon cancer (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.27–1.05, P trend = 0.248).

Conclusion

In this analysis in a Northeast Chinese population, both men and women that the consumption of allium vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of CRC, regardless of colonic tumor subsite, with the exception of garlic intake in distal colon cancer.
Epidemiological variations and trends in health burden of glaucoma worldwide
Authors: Wang Wei , He Miao , Li Zihua , Huang Wenyong
Published: February 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the trends and variations in global health burden of glaucoma by year, age and sex, region and socio‐economic status, using disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs).

Method

The DALY numbers, crude DALY rate and age‐standardized DALY rate globally and in each country were obtained the GBD 2015 study database. The corresponding human development index (HDI) and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were obtained from the United Nations and World Bank. Environmental data were obtained from the WHO Global Health Observatory data repository.

Results

From 1990 to 2015, the DALY number and age‐standardized DALY rate due to glaucoma increased by 122% and 15%, respectively. Both male and female showed similar increasing trend with ageing, with the peak at 60 years old and increasing again since 75 years old. Sex disparities in DALY number were noted, with higher burden among female than male in each age group (all p < 0.001). The health burden of glaucoma was substantial unequal, with Gini coefficient of 0.865 for DALY number, 0.235 for crude DALY rate and 0.254 for age‐standardized DALY rate, respectively. The age‐standardized DALY was significantly associated with HDI, accounting for 22.2% variance across countries (R2 = 0.222, p < 0.001). Similarly, the GDP per capita was inversely associated with age‐standardized DALY rate but can explain only 10.6% variations in age‐standardized DALY rate (R2 = 0.106, p < 0.001). The age‐standardized DALY rate due to glaucoma was positively associated with national levels of ultraviolet radiation and PM2.5.

Conclusion

The health burden of glaucoma continuously increased in the past 25 years and distributed unequally. Lower socio‐economic level, older age, female, higher ambient ultraviolet radiation and higher level of air pollution were significantly associated with higher burden of glaucoma.
Abnormal neurological soft signs in babies born to smoking mothers were associated with lower breastfeeding for first three months
Authors: Bertini G , Elia S , Lori S , Dani C
Published: February 2019

Aim

We examined associations between neurological alterations in infants born to smoking mothers and breastfeeding success at discharge and three months of age.

Methods

This 2016 study compared 35 normal weight infants born to smoking mothers at 37–41 weeks and 35 matched controls born to non‐smoking mothers at the Maternity Hospital of Careggi University, Florence, Italy. Neonatal behaviour was evaluated using the neurological soft signs (NSS) component of the Graham‐Rosenblith Scale. Breastfeeding variables were measured using the LATCH score that covers: breast latching, audible swallowing, type of nipple, mother's comfort and help they needed to hold their baby to their breast. A questionnaire on excessive crying and feeding was distributed at discharge, and further data were collected during a three‐month telephone interview.

Results

At discharge, the infants born to smoking mothers had a significantly lower LATCH score and significantly poorer performance on several items of the NSS component than the controls. The LATCH score and number of NSS were inversely proportional. At the three‐month follow‐up only 57.1% of the smoking group infants were breastfeeding compared with 87.5% of the control infants (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Infants with smoking mothers displayed altered neurobehavioural profiles and had a difficult start to breastfeeding.
The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a model system for the discovery and characterization of cell‐penetrating peptides and bioportides
Authors: Jones Sarah , Osman Shaimaa , Howl John
Published: February 2019

The general utility of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, an organism with remarkable regenerative capacity, was investigated as a convenient three‐dimensional model to analyse the import of cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) and bioportides (bioactive CPPs) into complex tissues. The unpigmented planarian blastema, 3 days post head amputation, is a robust platform to assess the penetration of red‐fluorescent CPPs into epithelial cells and deeper tissues. Three planarian proteins, Ovo, ZicA and Djeya, which collectively control head remodelling and eye regeneration following decapitation, are a convenient source of novel cationic CPP vectors. One example, Djeya1 (RKLAFRYRRIKELYNSYR), is a particularly efficient and seemingly inert CPP vector that could be further developed to assist the delivery of bioactive payloads across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Eye regeneration, following head amputation, was utilized in an effort to identify bioportides capable of influencing stem cell‐dependent morphogenesis. These investigations identified the tetradecapeptide mastoparan (INLKALAALAKKIL) as a bioportide able to influence the gross morphology of head development. We conclude that, compared with cellular monolayers, the S. mediterranea system provides many advantages and will support the identification of bioportides able to selectively modify the biology of totipotent neoblasts and, presumably, other mammalian stem cell types.
Bleb‐associated endophthalmitis: Proportion, presentation, management and outcomes in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Kwon Hye Jin , Kumar Himeesh , Green Catherine M. , Crowston Jonathan G. , McGuinness Myra B. , Kerr Nathan M.
Published: February 2019

Importance

Bleb‐associated endophthalmitis is a potentially vision‐threatening complication of trabeculectomy. With improvements in surgical technique and changing patterns of intraoperative antimetabolite use, a re‐evaluation of the incidence of bleb‐associated endophthalmitis is warranted.

Background

To investigate changes in the incidence, presentation, management and outcomes of bleb‐associated endophthalmitis between 1997 and 2015 in Victoria, Australia.

Design

A retrospective cohort analysis.

Participants

Consecutive cases of bleb‐associated endophthalmitis managed at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH) between 1997 and 2015.

Methods

Medical record review of consecutive cases of bleb‐associated endophthalmitis and statistical analysis were performed.

Main Outcome Measures

Visual acuity, including loss of light perception, intraocular pressure, and need for further surgery.

Results

Sixty‐seven eyes with bleb‐associated endophthalmitis (BAE) were identified. Of these, 41 had trabeculectomy performed in Victoria during the study period, over which time 11 129 trabeculectomies were performed. The proportion of BAE was stable over time (0.4%). The mean age at presentation was 73.7 ± 12.1 years old and the majority of patients were Caucasian (79.1%). The mean duration between glaucoma filtration surgery and the development of bleb‐associated endophthalmitis was 3 years (Interquartile Range = 0.4‐6.0 years). The cultures were positive in 71.6% of cases. Approximately 1 in 8 patients required enucleation. The final visual acuity was poor with a Snellen Visual Acuity (VA) of 6/60 or worse in two‐thirds of patients.

Conclusions and Relevance

Bleb‐associated endophthalmitis is an uncommon complication following glaucoma filtration surgery. The proportion has remained stable over time. Visual outcomes remain poor.
Clinical delineation of GTPBP2‐associated neuro‐ectodermal syndrome: Report of two new families and review of the literature
Authors: Carter Melissa T. , Venkateswaran Sunita , Shapira‐Zaltsberg Gali , Davila Jorge , Humphreys Peter ,   Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Kernohan Kristin D. , Boycott Kym M.
Published: February 2019

The GTPBP2 gene encodes a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)‐binding protein of unknown function. Biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in the GTPBP2 gene have been previously reported in association with a neuro‐ectodermal clinical presentation in six individuals from four unrelated families. Here, we provide detailed descriptions of three additional individuals from two unrelated families in the context of the previous literature. Both families carry nonsense variants in GTPBP2: homozygous p.(Arg470*) and compound heterozygous p.(Arg432*)/p.(Arg131*). Key features of this clinically recognizable condition include prenatal onset microcephaly, tone abnormalities, and movement disorders, epilepsy, dysmorphic features, retinal dysfunction, ectodermal dysplasia, and brain iron accumulation. Our findings suggest that some aspects of the clinical presentation appear to be age‐related; brain iron accumulation may appear only after childhood, and the ectodermal findings and peripheral neuropathy are most prominent in older individuals. In addition, we present prenatal and neonatal findings as well as the first Caucasian and black African families with GTPBP2 biallelic variants. The individuals described herein provide valuable additional phenotypic information about this rare, novel, and progressive neuroectodermal condition.
Trends in cardiovascular management of people with diabetes by primary healthcare nurses in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Daly B. M. , Arroll B. , Scragg R. K. R.
Published: February 2019

Aims

The study aim was to re‐examine current work practices and evaluate time trends in the cardiovascular management of people with diabetes consulted by primary healthcare nurses in New Zealand.

Methods

Primary healthcare nurses in the Auckland region were surveyed in 2006–2008 and 2016, with about one‐third of practice, home care and specialist nurses randomly selected to participate. Nurses completed a self‐administered questionnaire about demographic and workplace details, and a telephone interview about clinical care provided for people with diabetes during nursing consultations. Information was collected on a representative sample of people with diabetes consulted on one randomly selected work‐day in the previous week.

Results

Of all people with diabetes consulted by nurses, practice nurses consulted significantly more in 2016 (83%) compared with 60% in 2006–2008, whereas specialist nurse consultations decreased from 23% to 8% (P = 0.01). In 2016, in people with diabetes, BMI was higher, and total cholesterol lower, yet the proportions of those receiving lifestyle advice (dietary and activity) remained unchanged from 2006–2008 levels. Smoking prevalence in people with diabetes was unchanged between the two surveys, although more people were asked if they wished to stop in 2016 compared with 2006–2008 (98% vs. 73%). In 2016, hours of nurses’ diabetes education were associated with increased routine assessments of risk factors in people with diabetes and checking laboratory results.

Conclusions

Practice nurses are undertaking an increasing proportion of diabetes consultations. Although BMI in people with diabetes is increasing, the proportion of nurses offering lifestyle advice remains unchanged. Increasing diabetes education could strengthen the management of people with diabetes by community nurses.
Onyx: A new Canvas‐based tool for visualizing biomedical and health ontologies
Authors: Öztürk Övünç , Açikgöz Hasan Gökhan
Published: February 2019

Ontologies provide formal, machine‐readable, and human‐interpretable representations of domain knowledge. Therefore, ontologies have come into question with the development of Semantic Web technologies. People who want to use ontologies need an understanding of the ontology, but this understanding is very difficult to attain if the ontology user lacks the background knowledge necessary to comprehend the ontology or if the ontology is very large. Thus, software tools that facilitate the understanding of ontologies are needed. Ontology visualization is an important research area because visualization can help in the development, exploration, verification, and comprehension of ontologies. This paper introduces the design of a new ontology visualization tool, which differs from traditional visualization tools by providing important metrics and analytics about ontology concepts and warning the ontology developer about potential ontology design errors. The tool, called Onyx, also has advantages in terms of speed and readability. Thus, Onyx offers a suitable environment for the representation of large ontologies, especially those used in biomedical and health information systems and those that contain many terms. It is clear that these additional functionalities will increase the value of traditional ontology visualization tools during ontology exploration and evaluation.
Foster Caregivers' Marital and Coparenting Relationship Experiences: A Dyadic Perspective
Authors: Richardson Evin W. , Futris Ted G.
Published: February 2019

Objective

To explore the associations among foster caregiver husbands' and wives' parenting stress, couple relationship quality, and coparenting relationship quality.

Background

Little empirical attention has been given to examining the relationship experiences of foster caregivers. The present study was designed to examine how parenting stress of foster caregivers is associated with husbands' and wives' perceptions of their marital and coparenting relationships.

Method

Using an actor–partner interdependence model, we analyzed data from a sample of 96 heterosexually married couples who were active foster caregivers from three larger studies from a single state.

Results

Both husbands' and wives' parenting stress were associated with their own and their partner's perceptions of their marital and coparenting relationship, but marital relationship quality was only associated with their own coparenting relationship quality (i.e., actor effects). Husbands' perceptions of the marital relationship mediated the relationship between both husbands' and wives' parenting stress and husbands' coparenting relationship quality.

Conclusion

Results suggest that foster caregiver husbands' and wives' parenting stresses have unique impacts on how they and their partner perceive their marital and coparenting relationships.

Implications

Child welfare professionals who work with foster caregivers may provide resources and support to reduce the parenting stress caregivers experience, such as providing more access to respite services and healthy relationship and marriage education.
Association between delirium, adverse clinical events and functional outcomes in older patients admitted to rehabilitation settings after a hip fracture: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Morandi Alessandro , Mazzone Andrea , Bernardini Bruno , Suardi Teresa , Prina Roberto , Pozzi Christian , Gentile Simona , Trabucchi Marco , Bellelli Giuseppe
Published: February 2019

Aim

The aim of the present study is to investigate how delirium and adverse clinical events (ACE) contribute independently and in combination to functional outcomes in older patients admitted to rehabilitation settings after a hip fracture.

Methods

This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years admitted after hip fracture surgical repair to three Italian rehabilitation units. Delirium on admission was evaluated with the Confusion Assessment Method. ACE during the rehabilitation stay were recorded, including infections (i.e. urinary tract infections, other infections), non‐infectious ACE (i.e. cardiovascular events, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism) and falls. A multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the effect of ACE and delirium on functional outcome, adjusting for covariates determined a priori.

Results

A total of 519 patients were included in the study. The mean ± SD age was 82.9 ± 9.4 years. ACE occurred in 277 patients (53.4%), delirium alone was present in 19 patients (3.6%). Both conditions were present in 58 patients (11.2%). Compared with patients without delirium or ACE, those with ACE or delirium were more likely to have a worse functional outcome (−6.7 Barthel Index points [−11.6; −1.7]; P = 0.008; −13.2 [−25.6; −0.8]; P = 0.038) at discharge, and patients with both conditions had an even lower Barthel Index score (−18.6 Barthel Index points [−26.9; −10.3]; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

ACE and delirium are very common in older patients admitted to rehabilitation settings after hip fracture, and frequently coexist. As both ACE and delirium could impact on functional outcome, alone and in combination, a clinical geriatric approach is necessary for this population to minimize risks. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 404–408.
Combined effect of diabetes and frailty on mortality and incident disability in older Japanese adults
Authors: Kitamura Akihiko , Taniguchi Yu , Seino Satoshi , Yokoyama Yuri , Amano Hidenori , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Shinkai Shoji
Published: February 2019

Aim

Evidence is limited on how frailty affects the association between diabetes and adverse outcomes at the population level. The present community‐based study aimed to clarify the relative risks of death and disability in older Japanese adults with diabetes, frailty, both or neither.

Methods

The present prospective study analyzed data from 1271 Japanese residents aged ≥65 years in Kusatsu town in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, who participated in annual health checkups carried out between 2002 and 2011, and were initially free of disability. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify associations of diabetes and frailty with all‐cause mortality and incident disability.

Results

Among the 1271 participants, 176 (14%) had diabetes (mean hemoglobin A1c 7.5%, body mass index 24.2 kg/m2, 45% using diabetes medications) and 151 (12%) had frailty at baseline. Compared with non‐frail participants without diabetes, those with diabetes and frailty had higher risks of mortality (multivariable hazard ratio 5.0, 95% CI 2.4–10.3) and incident disability (hazard ratio 3.9, 95% CI 2.1–7.3). In contrast, non‐frail participants with diabetes did not have a significantly increased risk of mortality, although they had a higher tendency for the incidence of disability, as compared with non‐frail participants without diabetes.

Conclusions

At the population level, the risks of death and disability in persons with mild diabetes were strongly affected by the presence of frailty. From a community‐based perspective, diabetes‐related mortality and disability incidence might be reduced by preventing or improving frailty in conjunction with glycemic control. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 423–428.
Glass foams produced by glass waste, sodium hydroxide, and borax with several pore structures using factorial designs
Authors: da Silva Robson C. , Kubaski Evaldo T. , Tebcherani Sergio M.
Published: February 2019

Glass foams have great potential for several technological applications, for example, filters and thermal or acoustic insulators. Sodium hydroxide is an efficient foaming agent to obtain glass foams with high level of porosity. However, the control of variables that influences on structure, type, and size of pores of glass foams is necessary. This study evaluates the influence of composition and process parameters on glass foams based on soda‐lime glass waste, sodium hydroxide, and borax. Experiments were conducted using factorial designs. According to the experimental conditions, bulk density varied from 0.16 to 0.79 g cm−3 and maximum porosity of 92%. Amounts of NaOH and borax in addition to sintering temperature are the main variables of the foaming process. The role of NaOH content is to reduce the density and closed porosity of glass foams associated with an increase in their open porosity. The addition of borax with low NaOH amount promoted densification and pore closure in glass foams. NaOH and borax content allows controlling the type of predominant porosity on foams (open or closed porosity). Glass foams were resistant to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid in diluted solutions. These results allow controlling the pore structure of glass foams for different applications.
Shaping Canadian citizens: A historical study of Canadian multiculturalism and social work during the period from 1900 to 1999
Authors: Johnstone Marjorie , Lee Eunjung
Published: February 2019

Canadian multiculturalism is a source of national pride and Canada’s national identity. Despite this, the marginalization of migrants, Indigenous, and non‐White Canadians has persisted while (re)constructing Canadian citizens and nationhood. Using a Foucauldian genealogical approach, we explored how the social work profession has addressed this paradox around shifting Canadian national identities and multiculturalism while developing its professionalization across various historical junctures in the 20th century. Our findings reveal that, since its inception, the social work profession has negotiated with dominant discourses. In the collective response as a profession, the omission of attention and subsequent inaction to exclusion and marginalization is apparent. However, through the construction of counter discourses, individual social workers’ resistance to social injustice has been noteworthy. Identifying and documenting these counter discourses across significant historical periods thus contributes to rewriting Canadian social work history that reinvigorates our social work core values of justice and respect for all.

Key Practitioner Message: • The study provides a critical analysis of the history of Canadian Social Work practice in relation to multiculturalism; • It can be used for pedagogical purposes (critical discussion and evaluation); • It raises awareness of historical social work blind spots.
The immunomodulatory effects of measles‐mumps‐rubella vaccination on persistence of heterologous vaccine responses
Authors: Zimmermann Petra , Perrett Kirsten P , van der Klis Fiona RM , Curtis Nigel
Published: February 2019

It is proposed that measles‐containing vaccines have immunomodulatory effects which include a reduction in all‐cause childhood mortality. The antibody response to heterologous vaccines provides a means to explore these immunomodulatory effects. This is the first study to investigate the influence of measles‐mumps‐rubella (MMR) vaccine on the persistence of antibodies to a broad range of heterologous infant vaccinations given in the first year of life. In total, 319 children were included in the study. All infants received routine vaccinations at 6 weeks, 4 and 6 months of age. At 12 months of age, 212 children were vaccinated with MMR and Haemophilus influenzae type b‐meningococcus C (Hib‐MenC) vaccines while the remaining 99 children had not yet received these vaccines. In the MMR/Hib‐MenC‐vaccinated group, blood was taken 28 ± 14 days after receiving these vaccines. Antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis [pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin], poliomyelitis (type 1, 2, 3) and 13 pneumococcal serotypes were measured. Seroprotection rates and geometric mean antibody concentrations were compared between MMR/MenC‐Hib‐vaccinated and MMR/MenC‐Hib‐naïve participants. In the final analysis, 311 children were included. Seroprotection rates were lower in MMR/Hib‐MenC‐vaccinated children against PT and pneumococcal serotype 19A. After adjustment for prespecified factors, MMR/Hib‐MenC‐vaccinated infants had significantly higher antibody concentrations against tetanus (likely explained by a boosting effect of the carrier protein, a tetanus toxoid), while for the other vaccine antigens there was no difference in antibody concentrations between the two groups. MMR vaccination given at 12 months of age in a developed country does not significantly influence antibody concentrations to heterologous vaccines received in the first year of life.
Luminescence and electrical properties of Eu‐modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 multifunctional ceramics
Authors: Lun Mengmeng , Wang Wei , Xing Zhifeng , Wan Zhong , Wu Wanying , Song Hanzhao , Wang Yinzhen , Li Wei , Chu Benli , He Qinyu
Published: February 2019

The Eu3+‐modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) ceramics have been fabricated by the solid‐state reaction method. The impact of Eu3+ doping on the structure, photoluminescence, and electrical properties has been studied by XRD, SEM, PL spectra, and LCR meter. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystal structure of the samples is well matched with the trigonal perovskite, and the optimal temperature of presintering is 880°C. The Eu3+‐doped BNT ceramics show excellent red fluorescence at 614 nm corresponding to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ under 466 nm excitation and relatively long fluorescence lifetime. The BNT‐0.02Eu ceramic density is up to 5.68 g/cm3 and the relative density is up to 94.6% with sintering temperature 1075°C. The piezoelectric constant (d33) of samples has been significantly improved up to 110 pC/N by Eu3+ doping. The BNT‐0.03Eu ceramic presintered at 880°C and sintered at 1050°C has good dielectric properties and excellent luminescence properties. Eu3+‐doped BNT ceramics make it potential applications for novel integrated electro‐optical and multifunctional devices.
Perceptions and predictors of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students
Authors: Kisa Sezer , Zeyneloğlu Simge
Published: February 2019

Aims

To determine the prevalence and predictors of victimization and perpetration of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students.

Design

A cross‐sectional study design.

Methods

The sample consisted of nursing and midwifery students (N = 603) at the largest state university in southeastern Turkey. Data were collected with a validated, investigator‐designed survey instrument between September 2015 and January 2016.

Findings

Most participants had been exposed to dating violence. Jealousy, controlling behaviour, and restrictions on another's social life were not perceived as violent behaviour in dating relationships. There was no significant relationship of dating violence with gender, smoking, place of residence, or marijuana use. Exposure to parental violence and alcohol use were found to be the strongest predictors of being a perpetrator of violence in the dating violence perpetration model.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the lack of recognition of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students. The perceptions of students should be enriched by adding content on violent behaviours in the curriculum of nursing and midwifery programmes.

Impact

Efforts to reduce and stop dating violence have a crucial role in preventing future violence in established relationships. We acknowledge that the prevalence of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students is high. Psychological and verbal violence are extremely common and most are not recognized as violent behaviours by the students. This study contributes to the understanding of violent behaviours related to dating violence among nursing and midwifery students for establishing healthy relationship.
Parents with intellectual disabilities and their perspective of peer support: “It depends on how they give it”
Authors: Strnadová Iva , Collings Susan , Loblinzk Julie , Danker Joanne
Published: February 2019

Background

Parents with intellectual disabilities face particular challenges, such as lack of sufficient support with their parenting. Peers can be an important source of support for parents in the general population; however, there is a limited knowledge about peer support for parents with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of parents with intellectual disabilities with social support with a focus on the role of peers.

Method

Twenty‐six parents with intellectual disabilities in New South Wales, Australia, took part in a semi‐structured interview.

Results

The inductive content analysis of data revealed three main themes; this article reports on one of them—Developing interdependence.

Conclusions

The source of support was less important than the way support was offered. Parents valued support offered by someone who respected them as a person and parent, and was interested in what they wanted and needed.
The family house—A safe haven: A qualitative study of families' experiences staying in a hospital family house during their children's hospitalisation
Authors: Dyekjær Charlotte Drejdal , Dreyer Pia
Published: February 2019

Aims

To gain knowledge about families’ experiences while staying in a hospital family house during their child's hospitalisation.

Background

When a child is hospitalised with a chronic, serious or life‐threatening disease, the entire family is stressed as normal everyday life is disrupted. In Denmark, accompanying the ill child to the paediatric wards is often possible only for one of the parents.

Design

This qualitative study takes a phenomenological–hermeneutical approach, exploring the lived experience of families’ everyday life in a hospital family house.

Method

The study comprised semi‐structured interviews with 33 family members from 15 families who stayed in a hospital family house. The interviews were made in the summer of 2017. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was used as a guideline “see Appendix S1.”

Results

The families experienced the house as a home or a haven where they could stay together as a family. The house provided a quiet and peaceful environment with space for family life and playing. Overall, this gave the families a feeling of togetherness.

Conclusion

The families who stayed in the hospital family house experienced the house as a place to breathe freely, that is, as a safe haven. A place with peace and quietness, without “activity efficiency.” In the house, the volunteers offered a very caring and supportive environment including all families in the house and embracing everyday activities. Providing accommodation for the whole family at the hospital family house afforded the family a place where they could stay together and maintain everyday life even though everything around them was, at times, chaotic.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Healthcare professionals should use knowledge about the healing environment to help create havens for families to a hospitalised child. Hospitalised children need safe places where no treatment takes place—therefore, family houses should stay treatment free.
Acute otitis media in children presenting to the emergency department: Is it diagnosed and managed appropriately?
Authors: Balasundaram Niroshan , Phan Dung , Mazzoni Daniel , Duong Elliot , Sweeny Amy , Del Mar Chris , Keijzers Gerben
Published: February 2019

Aim

To describe the diagnostic and management practice in children with acute otitis media (AOM) presenting to the emergency department (ED) and compare diagnosis and management against existing guidelines.

Methods

We performed a retrospective descriptive cohort study of patients ≤15 years of age who presented to two EDs in Southeast Queensland between January 2016 and June 2017 with an ED diagnosis of AOM. Likelihood of diagnosis was based on medical records and classified as likely, possible or unlikely using paediatric practice guidelines. Appropriateness of antibiotics prescription was classified using the National Antibiotic Prescribing Survey, which takes into account adherence to the Australian Therapeutic Guidelines. Each medical record was extracted by two blinded reviewers, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus or arbitration.

Results

Of the 305 patients included for analysis, 87% had a likely or possible diagnosis of AOM. Otalgia was the presenting complaint in 75%. Standard otoscopy was the routine method for tympanic membrane visualisation, and 70% had abnormal tympanic membrane findings. Almost two‐thirds (62%) of all children were prescribed antibiotics. Antibiotic appropriateness could be ascertained for 286 patients (94%). A total of 39% received inappropriate antibiotic management for AOM. The majority of patients received analgesia in the form of paracetamol and/or ibuprofen.

Conclusions

ED clinicians make the diagnosis of AOM fairly accurately, although better assessment of the tympanic membrane by tympanometry and/or pneumatic otoscopy may improve accuracy. More than one‐third of patients are prescribed antibiotics inappropriately. Our data can inform knowledge translation and education strategies to ensure the correct evidence‐based management of this condition.
The role of couple sleep concordance in sleep quality: Attachment as a moderator of associations
Authors: Elsey Taylor , Keller Peggy S. , El‐Sheikh Mona
Published: February 2019

Despite most American adults sharing a bed with a romantic partner, sleep research has examined sleep primarily as an individual behaviour. A growing body of research indicates that couple bed sharing may have an impact on sleep quality, but the current study is the first to examine whether such associations may differ based on attachment security. A sample of 179 cohabiting heterosexual couples completed daily sleep diaries and surveys of their attachment security, avoidance and anxiety. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling. Greater attachment security and lower attachment avoidance were associated with greater subjective sleep quality. Greater sleep concordance (time in bed with partners) was associated with better subjective sleep quality for women with lower attachment security and higher attachment avoidance. Findings suggest that couple bed sharing may benefit the subjective sleep quality of women who have lower attachment security.
Stature of dependent forbs is more related to the direct and indirect above‐ and below‐ground effects of a subalpine shrub than are foliage traits
Authors: Wang Xiangtai , Michalet Richard , Liu Ziyang , Guo Aifeng , Zhou Xianhui , Du Guozhen , Ge Wenjing , Chen Shuyan , Xiao Sa
Published: February 2019

Question

Graminoid/shrubland communities include groups of forbs (herbaceous dicots) that differ in their traits, and in their direct and indirect responses to dominant neighbours. Although we have a growing knowledge of which traits might influence species’ direct responses to dominant neighbours, and in particular the crucial importance of plant stature over foliage traits, less is known about the relationship between species’ traits and direct responses to dominant neighbours.

Location

An alpine graminoid/shrubland co‐dominated by the shrub Dasiphora fruticosa and graminoids such as the sedge Kobresia capillifolia on the Tibetan plateau (China).

Methods

The above‐ and below‐ground effects of the shrub in the absence or presence of graminoids were manipulated to quantify direct and indirect responses of forb species, which were grouped with a PCA. For the forbs, six traits characterizing both plant stature and foliage properties were measured and a redundancy analysis was used to assess their patterns of direct and indirect responses to the dominant neighbours.

Results

We found contrasting direct and indirect responses of forb species to the graminoids, and the above‐ and below‐ground effects of the shrubs, separating the forbs into four species‐groups. A significant positive indirect net effect of the shrubs was observed at the community‐level. Traits of forb species were more tightly related to direct than indirect responses to dominant neighbours, while plant stature had a primary influence over foliage traits, which was only very weakly related to indirect responses.

Conclusions

Although plant traits, in particular plant stature, have strong influences on species’ direct responses to dominant neighbours, relationships to indirect interactions are more subtle and variable. This inhibits our prediction of the influence of species’ traits on species composition of the community through indirect interactions.
The Impact of Obesity on Wages: The Role of Personal Interactions and Job Selection
Authors: Moro Andrea , Tello‐Trillo Sebastian , Tempesti Tommaso
Published: February 2019

We estimate the effects of obesity on wages accounting for the endogenous selection of workers into jobs requiring different levels of personal interactions in the workplace. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 combined with detailed information about occupation characteristics from O*Net, we confirm the results from the literature finding a wage penalty for obese White women. This penalty is higher in jobs that require a high level of personal interactions. Accounting for job selection does not significantly change the estimated wage penalty.
Intentionality in reducing health disparities: Caring as connection
Authors: Purtzer Mary Anne , Thomas Jenifer J.
Published: February 2019

Objective

Inadequate health care quality may contribute to Native American health disparities through racial/ethnic discrimination by health care professionals. Nursing approaches to relationships and caring offer a means to understand health disparities through an unconventional lens. The study objective was to examine health disparities within the context of patient/nurse relationships.

Design

A descriptive‐qualitative method guided data collection and analysis. Eleven nurses who serve Native Americans were interviewed. They described attitudes, meaningful relationships, and nurse leadership.

Results

Nurses discussed their perceptions of and experiences with Native American patients. Four themes emerged: shared patient/nurse values, patient‐centered care, external forces, and stereotype‐driven care.

Conclusions

Are we ready for the challenge to advocate for, build, and sustain organizational structures that support caring relationships? Implications for public health nursing include being intentional about recognizing implicit biases and ethnocentrism; examining nurses’ complicit roles in perpetuating racism; and developing mechanisms to collectively advocate for improved Native American health.
Operational Transparency on Crowdfunding Platforms: Effect on Donations for Emergency Response
Authors: Mejia Jorge , Urrea Gloria , Pedraza‐Martinez Alfonso J.
Published: February 2019

Online crowdfunding has emerged as a powerful tool to raise funds for emergency response. Crowdfunding campaigns can use two transparency tools to attract donors: updates and certification. Updates are additional messages that the organizer issues after launching the campaign and are a form of operational transparency when they communicate the campaign’s work to donors. Alternatively, certification is a form of conventional transparency that ensures the campaign truly benefits a charitable purpose. Using an econometric analysis, we investigate the effects of transparency on donations. We study the direction of causality and mechanisms behind work‐related updates by conducting an experiment. Results from the econometric analysis using over 100,000 campaigns benefiting victims of emergencies reveal that both updates and certification have positive effects on donations. Each additional work‐related word in an update (operational transparency) increases donations on average by $65 per month, while certification (conventional transparency) raises funds on average by $22 per month. Results from the experiment confirm the direction of causality; posting work‐related updates in crowdfunding campaigns increases donations. Two mechanisms explain this effect: donors’ enhanced perceptions of effort and perceptions of trust.
Cross‐Market Integration and Sabotage
Authors: Guo Hong , Jiang Yabing , Lim Arthur , Vakharia Asoo J.
Published: February 2019

Sabotage activities often raise controversies and regulatory concerns due to the potential negative effects on competition and social welfare. These concerns are amplified when firms serving complementary markets integrate due to the integrated firm’s capability to engage in multi‐market sabotage. We note that the integrated firm’s incentive to engage in sabotage activities and the potential impact on social welfare has not been examined, and this drives the primary focus of our study. Interestingly, we find that the integrated firm may not have the incentive to engage in sabotage at all. We show that the integrated firm prefers to engage in sabotage (single‐market or multi‐market) only when it has cost advantages over its rivals in at least one of the markets. At the extreme, a certain level of sabotage actions could even force some product combinations out of the market and thus, there might be a need for regulatory intervention. A counter‐intuitive result is that under certain market conditions, the integrated firm’s sabotage activities correspond to those that would optimize social welfare.