bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Georgian Modernist Painting in the European Context (1910-1930)
Authors: Tsitsishvili Maya
Published: February 2024

ქართული ავანგარდული მხატვრობა უაღრესად საინტერესო მოვლენაა, ევროპის უკიდურეს საზღვარზე მყოფი, უძველესიკულტურის მქონე პატარა ქვეყნისა, რომელიც ცნობილი ისტორიულ-პოლიტიკური მიზეზების გამო დღემდე ნაკლებად ცნო-ბილია დასავლური სამყაროსათვის. XX საუკუნის 10-20-იან წლებში, შემოქმედებით ძალთა სიჭარბემ და ცოცხალმა, დატვირთულმა სახელოვნებო სივრცემ თბილისი თანადროული ევროპული ავანგარდული ხელოვნების შესატყვისს, თავისებურ კულტურულ ცენტრად აქცია. ქართული კულტურული გარემო მზად იყო თანამედროვე ევროპული ხელოვნების სიახლეთა მისაღებად და გასაზიარებლად. საუკუნეთა მიჯნის კავკასიის დედაქალაქი, წარმოუდგენლად თავისებური იყო,სადაც ერთმანეთის გვერდით, ერთმანეთის საწინააღმდეგო, თითქოსდა შეუთავსებადი დასავლეთი და აღმოსავლეთითანაარსებობდა, არსებობდა თავისი ხალხითა და კულტურით, ყოფით, ადათ-ჩვევებითა თუ ენით. ახალგაზრდა ქართველ ავანგარდისტ მხატვრებს საერთო და უაღრესად მნიშვნელოვანი მიზანსწრაფვა აერთიანებდათ: ინტერესი ქვეყნის უძველესი კულტურისადმი, შუა საუკუნეების კედლის მოხატულობათა გადმოღება, რაც არათუ წარმოუდგენელი იქნებოდა ევროპელი ავანგარდისტებისათვის, არამედ პროგრამულად უარყოფილიც. სწორედ ამ თვისებამ თავიდანვე განაპირობა ევროპული და ქართული ავანგარდული მხატვრობის ერთგვარი სხვაობა. ქართველ მხატვრებს მიაჩნდათ, რომ თანადროული ქართული ხელოვნება უნდა ყოფილიყო „თანამედროვე და ეროვნული” და მათ “უხილავი ძაფები უნდა გაებათ” საქართველოსა და ევროპას შორის. თბილისის კაფეებისა და სალონების კედლებზე ერთმანეთს ენაცვლებოდა ადგილობრივი და ჩამოსული მხატვრების: ს. სუდეიკინის, ლ. გუდიაშვილის, კ. ზდანევიჩის, დ. კაკაბაძის, ს. ვალიშევსკის, ს. სორინის, ი. ზდანევიჩის, ი. ნიკოლაძის, ა. პეტრაკოვსკის, მ. თოიძის, ი. დეგენის, სერ-გეის, ი. თოიძის და სხვათა ერთმანეთისაგან საკმაოდ განსხვავებული სურათები თუ მოხატულობები.
“Killer” Seat Belts, Feminine Drivers, and Tinted Windows: Pitfalls on the Way of Enforcement of Seat Belt Rules in Armenia
Authors: Matosyan Tigran
Published: February 2024

2009 წლის აგვისტოდან, სომხეთის მთავრობის ინიციატივით, მთელს ქვეყანაში უსაფრთხოების ღვედის ტარება სავალდებულო გახდა, საჭირო განათლებით თუ ცნობიერების ამაღლებისათვის აუცილებელი ღონისძიებებით უზრუნველყოფის გარეშე. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ღვედის გამოყენება მნიშვნელოვნად გაიზარდა ქვეყანაში, რჩება ცნობიერებასთან დაკავშირებული წინააღმდეგობები, ასევე კულტურული დაბრკოლებები, რომელიც სერიოზულ საფრთხეს წარმოადგენს პოლიტიკის ეფექტური განხორციელების მიმართულებით. აქედან გამომდინარე, სტატია გვთავაზობს, დაინტერესებულმა მხარეებმა ერთდროულად მოახდინონ რეაგირება მძღოლების არასწორ და ღვედის ტარების ნეგატიურ აღქმებთან დაკავშირებით, რაც სათავეს იღებს საზოგადოების აღნიშნული ჯგუფის მიერ ვაჟკაცობისა და ვაჯკაცური საქციელის გაგებიდან.
Georgian Research and Development System in 1996-2005
Authors: Gogodze Joseph , Uridia Merab
Published: February 2024

სტატიაში წარმოდგენილი და გაანალიზებულია ძირითადი მაჩვენებლები, რომლებიც ასახავენ საქართველოს კვლევებისა და განვითარების სისტემის დინამიკას 1996-2005 წლებში, და განხორციელებულია მათი შედარება ევროპა-ცენტრალური აზიის რეგიონის შესაბამის მაჩვენებლებთან. მიღებული შედარების ანალიზის შედეგად შეგვიძლია დავასკვნათ, რომ საანალიზო პერიოდში საქართველომ ვერ შეძლო კვლევებისა და განვითარების საკუთარი სისტემის სათანადო უზრუნველყოფა და რამდენადმე ეფექტურად მართვა.
Syncretization Dynamics of the Religious Thinking of Georgian Mounteneers
Authors: Gudushauri Tinatin
Published: February 2024

კვლევის ძირითადი მიზანია რელიგიური აზროვნების ორი ტიპის– ტრადიციული (არქაული) და თანამედროვე (ქრისტიანული) შერწყმის, გადაკვეთისა და კონტამინაცია/სინკრეტიზაციის ელემენტების გამოვლენა და განზოგადება, რაც ნათლად იკვეთება XIX საუკუნის გერმანელი მეცნიერი–მოგზაურების (კ.ჰანი, გ.რადე, ნ.ზაიდლიცი) მიერ კავკასიაში მოპოვებულ და დაფიქსირებულ ეთნოგრაფიულ მასალაში. ამ ტიპის მონაცემები გერმანელ მეცნიერთა შრომებში საკმარისი რაოდენობითაა და შესწავლისთვის საინტერესო ობიექტს წარმოადგენს, რამდენადაც ერთი მხრივ ეს უშუალოდ გერმანელ ავტორთა მიერ XIX საუკუნის შუა ხანებში კავკასიაში, კერძოდ საქართველოს მთიანეთში მოპოვებული ორიგინალური მასალაა და, მეორე მხრივ საქართველოში ამ მონაცემების უდიდესი ნაწილის მეცნიერული ანალიზი დღემდე არ გაკეთებულა. მათი შედარება ქართველი ეთნოგრაფების ანალოგიურ მასალასთან ნათელყოფს, რომ ამ რეგიონის მოსახლეობის რელიგიური აზროვნების სფეროში პრინციპული ცვლილებები პრაქტიკულად არ მომხდარა და სხვაობები თავს იჩენენ იმ დონეზე, როდესაც ისინი არ კარგავენ კავშირს ინვარიანტულ სქემასთან და შეიძლება განვიხილოთ მხოლოდ ძირითადი ვერსიების ფორმით. სავარაუდოა, რომ რელიგიური სინკრეტიზმი, რომელიც მჟღავნდება ადგილობრივ წარმოდგენებში, რელიგიური აზროვნების თანდათანობით სახე ცვლილებას უნდა შეესაბამებოდეს და, ამ თვალსაზრისით, ხევსურული რწმენა–წარმოდგენები ერთ-ერთ უძველს ქართულ რელიგიურ არქეტიპად შეიძლება ჩაითვალოს.
The Center of the Universe and its Symbolic by the Georgian Highlanders
Authors: Gudushauri Tinatin
Published: February 2024

Existence of the center of the universe and its symbolic always used to have great importance in general perception of the world, and consequently it is by various models confirmed in religious thinking of the world people. Georgian ethnographic material, in which sacral nature of the center is clearly disclosed, is not an exception insofar. The first example of this is tree. In Georgian ethnographic reality it represents in static (sacral tree, sacral pillar) or mobile (chichilaki, karachka, sacral flags) forms and mostly is considered as symbol of sacral Centre. In our opinion the micro cosmic model of universe, with clearly expressed sacral center represents the Georgian traditional dwelling with its construction and symbolic –religious meaning and main ritual function of central pillar in dwelling exactly is marking out sacral center. The importance of sacral Centre is proved by mythological legends and ethnographic materials concerning the establishment of shrines of mountain areas of Georgia. One of the key symbols of sacral center are Holy Mountain, hearth and their directly connection with religious traditions. Symbolism of the hearth as Centre plays particular role in wedding ritual, relatively seldom, but still the function hearth appears in funeral ceremony. All these give possibility to conclude the following: Symbolization of the center is quite distinguishing event for religious thinking of Georgian mountaineers and is realized in different forms in different cases; The first example of this symbol is holy mountain and tradition of building cultic structures on peaks of mountains, which is generalGeorgian phenomenon; Symbolism of the center of universe is clearly reflected in such traditional type of Georgian dwelling as earth dwelling house with central wooden pillar and hole for light and smoke; Symbolic of the center explains special meaning of hearth in ethnographic reality (traditions of wedding and funeral, reconciliationnear the hearth); Symbolic of the center is declared in Legends concerning establishment of the shrines in mountain areas.
Concept of “Beauty” in the Lexical-Semantic Field
Authors: Asatiani Natia
Published: February 2024

Any lexical unit can be viewed in two different dimensions - conceptualand lexical systems. Semantic knowledge represents special type of theconceptual knowledge. Different aspects of any concept are lexicalized bymeans of the mentioned type of the knowledge.The basic notion of the energetic conception is energy. Any languageis the synthesis of the human and the universe. Thus, modern linguisticsmaintains the inner link with the previous linguistic paradigms, especiallywith the systemic-semiotic paradigm. It should be also mentioned thatmodern linguistic paradigm gives new interpretation of the mentionedparadigm.
Georgia as a Transit Territory Linking Persia to Europe (the 16 th 17 th centuries)
Authors: Alasania Giuli
Published: February 2024

From ancient times Georgia represented the shortest way to link the Black and Caspian Seas and countries of the East and West. Apart from the Italian city-states, Georgians also had relations with other countries of Europe. It is thought that Poland must have been among the countries Georgia had contact with. From the mid-15th century, Georgia as well as Poland became actively involved in efforts to establish anti-Ottoman coalitions. The paper presents the relationship between Poland, Georgia and the Ottoman Empire, the mutual influence of those countries, their trade and political involvement.In the struggle between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia, Western countries, as a rule, took sides against the Ottoman Empire and considered Persia an ally from which various sorts of goods, mainly silk, was exported to the Western countries and which served as a connecting channel with India. Besides commercial interests, this was also justified from a political perspective: the powerful Ottoman Empire was a permanent threat for Europe in the period when Persia was a comparatively weaker state and posed less of a threat, however was attractive for the west in terms of commercial interests. This position was as strong and sustainable as Georgia’s wish to have relations with Europe, for which in many cases Georgia had to compromise its direct interests. Even if Persia in some cases was more dangerous for Georgia, it joined anti-Ottoman coalitions in order to be closer to Europe.
The Crimea Problem in Ukrainian Russian Relations: Historical and Political Background
Authors: Mykolo Doroshko , Bohdan Cherkas
Published: February 2024

This article researches historical origins and political framework of the Ukrainian-Russian dispute over territorial belonging of Crimea. Broad source base allowed authors to the conclusion that Ukraine has historical, political, legal and economic grounds to demand the return of the Crimean peninsula territory annexed by Russia
The China Crisis on the Pages of Georgian Newspapers
Authors: Machavariani Maia
Published: February 2024

The article shows how Georgian newspapers discussed the tense political-economical situation in China in 1914. From the article one can clearly see that Georgian newspapers report significantly on existing problems in China and clearly express their attitude towards the processes ongoing there. They do not like the quality of democracy in France and say that it is not high enough; they also did not justify relation of Russia with the regime of Yuan-Shi-Kai (Dictator of China). Authors believe that the big states of Europe fulfilled an important role in negation of constitution and establishing the dictatorial personality of president Yuan-Shi-kai.Georgian newspapers cover the tense situation that has taken place in China and inform Georgian readers about this; in this way Georgian newspapers first of all fixate their clearly negative attitude towards Japan’s, European countries' and Russia’s intervention into China’s domestic affairs.In Georgian historiography reveals that the first stages of the First World War and the political orientation towards China in published materials in 1914 regarding the issue, are not yet fully studied and highlighted. Thus this article represents a small attempt at fulfilling the gap.
Linguistic Landscape of Georgia
Authors: Abralava Nino , Kutelia Manana
Published: February 2024

The purpose of our article is to discuss the general situation regarding the use and teaching of foreign languages in Georgia, especially German Language. Knowing several foreign languages is a prerequisite for academic and social mobility, which is one of the main goals of the Bologna process. This problem is particularly important for a small country like Georgia, whose language is not spoken outside of the country. Knowing several foreign languages is a necessary condition to ensure that our graduates acquire knowledge relevant to western standards and become competitive on the international labor market. This is impossible if graduates only know English. Therefore, more students should have the opportunity to study foreign languages including the German. If Georgian Universities consider this trend, then they will be on the right path towards amultilingual Europe.
The Prospects of ODED GUAM Revival
Authors: Mchedlishvili Giorgi
Published: February 2024

Russian war on Ukraine rendered the latter the fourth post-Soviet state – after Georgian, Azerbaijan and Moldova – that does not de-facto control the entirety of its internationally recognized territory. Since the mentioned states have all been members of the once active international organization ODED-GUAM, their common security challenge might revive a currently dormant partnership. But the domestic circumstances in some of the countries, as well as unfavorable regional and international junctures all but exclude meaningful partnership at the moment.
Smoking Behavior Prevention in Adolescents
Authors: Bibilashvili Leli
Published: February 2024

This research paper seeks to address a major social problem among Georgian youth, tobacco use.The tobacco epidemic is one of the most important and urgent public health challenges facing governments and civil societies around the world. The cycle of tobacco dependence typically begins with the initiation of tobacco use during adolescence. The average age of tobacco use is age before 20; people start smoking before 20 years of age. This research was based on the Unified Theory of Behavior Change. A unified theory of adolescent risk behavior was explicated that integrates five major theories of human behavior. The theory emphasizes intentions to perform behaviors, knowledge and skills necessary for behavioral performance, the salience of the behavior, environmental constraints and facilitators, habit and automatic processes, expectancies, social norms, self concept and image considerations, self efficacy and emotions and affective reactions. Data were collected from 300 adolescents from Georgian schools in Tbilisi, Georgia. Results were calculated using SPSS.
Interplay between Subjective Wellbeing and Personality Values’ Becoming
Authors: Romanyuk Lyudmyla , Dimitrova Radosveta , Spasovski Ognen
Published: February 2024

This paper investigated relations of personality values and subjective well-being. We examined how values influence life satisfaction of 234 Macedonian and 230 Ukrainian young adults who provided data on personality values (PVQ, Schwartz, 1994) and life satisfaction (Diener et al., 1985). Hypothesized direct relations of types of values to well-being based on “healthy” (self-direction, stimulation, achievement, benevolence, universalism) and “unhealthy” (power, security, conformity, tradition) values were tested in each sample. Results showed that a) Ukrainians compared to their Macedonian peers reported higher scores on all values except for power; b) conformity and security values correlated with well-being, as predicted, but only in the Macedonian sample. Results partly supported our hypotheses regarding the values conducive to well-being among students in both countries. Findings are discussed in terms of values’ influence for well-being of youth in Macedonian and Ukrainian contexts.
Trade Facilitation is Still a Worthwhile Objective
Authors: Barrett Timothy
Published: February 2024

Trade facilitation is vital to the future of international trade. Although tariffs have been reduced throughout the world in recent decades, there still remains significant barriers to trade – these barriers could be reduced by investing in trade facilitation. Many countries, especially developing countries, have not taken advantage of these tariff decreases and of the resulting increased inter-national trade. Investment in trade facilitation would be both cost effective and allow developing countries to engage in more trade, especially in the emerging global supply chain system. The Trade Facilitation Agreement negotiated by the World Trade Organization in December 2013 & July 2014 failed to gain the consensus required. However, even after this setback, trade facilitation is still a worthwhile objective and would be considerably beneficial to international trade.
Human Health and Religious Systems
Authors: Mimdadze Nino
Published: February 2024

Religion has always played a significant role in human life. The calendar year of official Christian and folk religion used to contribute to a population’s healthy modes of living. Nutrition rationing, both yearly and weekly, a fast system, twice in a week and several times in a year involving eating only vegetable products, benefited the human organism. Religious calendars regulated the issues of labor and rest too. Local religious systems used to regulate entertainment, as well as physical training for children and youth. Religious holidays were one of the best means for spiritual improvement as well as physical training and education. Religion played a specific role in the folk system of social protection. It contributed a feeling of solidarity amoung the population. Folk religious systems regulated modes of human life. They filled a man with hope and conviction in the success of his activity.
Humanitarian intervention as a justification for the use of military force by the example of the Russian-Georgian war in 2008
Authors: Ruadze Nodar
Published: February 2024

Legal regulation (status) of humanitarian intervention represents a huge challenge to global safety. It is very significant to answer the question – should international law allow states to intervene in another territory and, furthermore, should it give incentives to states to use the pretext of humanitarian intervention to wage wars against other states (pursuant to the political or economic interests towards the states where intervener is involved in the hostilities)? One of the most significant drawbacks of Humanitarian intervention is that aggressive states use the pretext of humanitarian intervention in order to launch wars under covert motives. Russian military intervention in South Ossetia (which is the undisputed territory of Georgia) represents an example of how states use their political motives to violate another states sovereignty.
Assessing Stressors and Coping Mechanisms of International Nursing Students in the Country of Georgia
Authors: Crawford Kimberley , Jojua Khatuna , Gogashvili Maia
Published: February 2024

International nursing students in the country of Georgia face many stressors beyond native Georgians in the same context. These students who have chosen to move to a new country where they do not speak the language, have different food and climate and even look very differently than the local population have developed different coping mechanisms that are both effective and not effective. This descriptive study provides a basic assessment of stressors and coping mechanisms currently being experienced by this international community.
International Capital Requirements in Banks and Insurance Companies
Authors: Davitaia Nino
Published: February 2024

Nowadays banking and insurance have become more complex business and in purpose to limit or mitigate risks in banking and insurance sector, as well as to insure the soundness of financial institutions, supervisors used to employee various prudential approaches and rules. Since the supervisory resources are scarse and approach “one-size-fits-all” did not worked well, risk –based approach become more important. In recent article are analyzed international supervisory approaches for banks and insurance companies- BASEL III and SOLVENCY II, also existed prudential regulations in Georgia and compliance with international requirements. Article suggests that besides some obstacles it is nessesary for Georgian financial sector to expand and be more compliant with international standards, namely, financial institutions must have some capital buffers which could be used to cover losses during financial short come. Reforms should be done gradually and high attention must be paid to insurance sector.
Reconstruction of Georgian Nationalism: The Role of Georgian Orthodox Church and the Institution of the Patriarch in the Reconstruction of Georgian Nationalism
Authors: Demurishvili Tamari
Published: February 2024

Despite the fact that Georgian nationalism has been an a widely-studied phenomenon, in this article, I would like to demonstrate the role played by Georgian Orthodox Church generally and the Patriarch Institution particularly, in the reconstruction of popular narratives about Georgian nationalism. This article attempts to analyze how the Georgian Orthodox Church generally and Patriarch Ilia II, personally, were and still are able to generate and legitimize ideas about Georgian nationhood. Nationalism is of significant importance because it shapes Georgian beliefs and attitudes towards the state and Georgian identity. This research is based on content-analysis of epistles written by the Georgian Patriarch Ilia II, covering the period from 1978 to 2003. Using the content-analysis of epistles as the basis for research represents an original approach for studying the process of formation of Georgian nationalism.
Stock Market Development In Georgia
Authors: Tchitchinadze Revazi
Published: February 2024

The goal of this paper is to review the development prospects of stock market in Georgia. The change of economic system in Central and Eastern Europe in 1990s resulted in rapid economic growth. This led to the rise of various financial institutions, especially the development of stock markets. The existence of stock markets in the developing countries is associated with the establishment of free market system and democracy. Therefore, developed countries attach significant importance to the development of stock markets in third countries.Influence of internal and external factors on Stock market development in third countries is reviewed in this paper. External factors include the establishment of successful economic models through international financial institutions, financial aid, and sharing of best practices in the field. Internal factors include the impacts of sustainable banking systems, pension funds, and insurance companies on stock market operation in developing countries
Estudio de caso
Authors: Calderón-González Francisco Antonio , Montoya-González Andrés Felipe , Yañez-Camacho Pedro Enrique
Published: February 2024

Se aborda la importancia metodológica del estudio de caso en el campo de la psicología específicamente para el desarrollo y evolución de la psicoterapia, rescatando su relevancia histórica, su conceptualización y su importancia como herramienta formativa, al igual que su correcta implementación tomando en cuenta aspectos procedimentales y éticos.
Análisis jurídico del reconocimiento de la inteligencia artificial como inventor a la luz del derecho de patentes de Nicaragua.
Authors: Romero Guido Ana Valeria
Published: February 2024

Los avances científicos en materia de inteligencia artificial (en adelante IA), son significativos. Estos van desde robótica, pasando por medicina hasta llegar a la ciencia jurídica que es la ciencia que nos ocupa. Este estudio se enfoca en las interrogantes relativas al derecho de patentes, puntualmente en la posibilidad de que un sistema de inteligencia artificial pueda reconocérsele como inventor. Para ello, se describe la inteligencia artificial y se examinarán los efectos jurídicos de la capacidad inventiva de la IA, y por último se establecerá el reconocimiento que otorga la legislación nicaragüense a la capacidad inventiva y el derecho a patentar de la IA como sujeto de derecho. Se ha trazado una metodología acorde a una investigación teórica, aplicando determinados métodos para generar conocimiento a partir de la integración del análisis del ordenamiento jurídico, conceptos, principios, enunciados y la norma misma.  Se aplica el método histórico jurídico, para conocer la institución y cómo se ha desarrollado en el tiempo. Se aplica el método de derecho comparado, para conocer las experiencias de algunos países como España y Estados Unidos, que cuentan con más tradición. Por último, se aplica el método sistémico, para el estudio de las partes que integran el derecho de patente en Nicaragua, para determinar si jurídicamente es posible la aplicación de protección de derechos para la inteligencia artificial.
Régimen de contratación de los docentes horarios de educación superior en Nicaragua: realidad y perspectivas
Authors: Morales Gómez Karen Augusta
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo de investigación contiene un análisis sobre la problemática que se presenta en relación al régimen de contratación de docentes horarios en las instituciones de educación superior en Nicaragua. Existe un debate sobre el régimen de contratación, si este debe ser un contrato laboral o civil, ya que en la práctica socio-jurídica se acostumbra utilizar la figura del contrato civil o de servicios profesionales, que resulta en perjuicio de los derechos laborales y de seguridad social de los docentes horarios.En este artículo se analizan las causas histórico–normativas del problema, se identifican las fragilidades que tiene el vigente marco normativo y se realizan propuestas para el perfeccionamiento del Derecho nacional, con apoyo en la sistematización de experiencias, los estudios teóricos, la jurisprudencia y el Derecho comparado. Se aplicaron los métodos de la investigación jurídica histórico-lógico, análisis- síntesis, inductivo y deductivo y la observación participativa de la autora por el desempeño profesional que ha tenido en el sector de estudio que se analiza.  Como técnica se empleó la documental, lo que permitió incorporar a este estudio doctrina actualizada, Derecho comparado y jurisprudencia laboral nacional y extranjeras.
Evaluación de la utilidad para el aprendizaje del modelo de aula invertida
Authors: Naranjo Iturralde Carlos Héctor
Published: February 2024

La necesidad de adaptarnos a las nuevas condiciones que requiere la educación en línea nos llevó a la implementación de la metodología del aula invertida utilizando nuevos recursos didácticos. La investigación tiene por objetivo evaluar la utilidad, que para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes tienen los recursos didácticos, en el curso no presencial de Seminarios Económicos de Negocios en la Universidad Americana UAM en el semestre de agosto a diciembre 2021. El estudio se desarrolló en la ruta cuantitativa, con un alcance descriptivo y un diseño experimental con una muestra de 28 estudiantes, el instrumento fue una escala de Likert de cinco elementoscon 10 ítems. Se determinó que el estadístico cae dentro de la región esto hace que la hipótesis nula sea verdadera, por tanto, se afirma que los contenidos, las aplicaciones y las actividades de aprendizaje que se utilizaron en el curso de Seminarios Económicos de Negocios son útiles para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y esto es generalizable para el universo.
Aproximaciones al Neuroderecho en la investigación biométrica comercial en Costa Rica; un derecho fundamental de la persona
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Juan Diego
Published: February 2024

El trabajo detalla las aproximaciones normativas, legales y aplicativas del Neuroderecho y sus implicaciones en el ordenamiento jurídico costarricense, de forma que se precisen los diferentes elementos jurídicos aplicables a la investigación biométrica comercial, permitiendo establecer los parámetros mínimos que resguardan los derechos neurales de los sujetos de investigación biométrica en el país, así como la definición de los alcances técnicos y jurídicos que los investigadores en el área deben considerar para su desarrollo. Se sustenta en un estudio de campo a una muestra de 100 abogados activos, así como en un análisis jurídico de las normas de posible ligamen al Neuroderecho, precisando una relación difusa en su contenido, así como aplicaciones dispersas.
El introductor de la Geopolítica en España: La obra del Dr. Vicens Vives
Authors: Refoyo Acedo Enrique Javier
Published: February 2024

Durante el siglo XIX se desarrollaron importantes estudios europeos en materia de Geografía política y Geografía militar con el fin de facilitar la comprensión y acción de los Estados dentro y fuera de sus fronteras. Sin embargo, en el siglo XX aconteció el surgimiento de una nueva disciplina: La Geopolítica. Si bien sus raíces se hallan en el ámbito anglosajón y germano, su fundador estricto fue el sueco Rudolf Kjellén en 1916. Desde entonces ganó una popularidad imparable y llegaría a España en 1940 por la obra del Dr. Jaime Vicens Vives, la cual influyó durante décadas en el ámbito militar hispanohablante. La obra del autor español nos proporciona una definición y diferenciación de la Geopolítica, así como de su historia y debates iniciales, junto con los autores que influyeron en su fundación. También se centra en elementos fundamentales como el Estado y el espacio vital, la importancia de los gráficos en la Geopolítica y todo un abanico de acciones geopolíticas. Así visto, el conocimiento que formó Vicens Vives no solo tiene valor histórico sino importancia actual, pues contiene las bases fundamentales que siguen rigiendo la Geopolítica del siglo XXI.
Revisión del sistema mixto de control constitucional de normas en nicaragua a la luz de la teoría de las nulidades
Authors: Izaba Ruiz Carlos Ricardo
Published: February 2024

En virtud de la supremacía constitucional, la constitución es la norma de la que derivan su validez el resto de normas en un ordenamiento jurídico. El control constitucional de normas es un mecanismo dirigido a la vigencia de la supremacía constitucional, por la que se revisa la conformidad o inconformidad de las normas infraconstitucionales respecto de la constitución, determinándose su invalidez de ser contrarias a sus disposiciones y principios. La invalidez se define como inexistencia jurídica, expresándose también bajo el concepto de nulidad, de la que se han desarrollado dos figuras: la nulidad propiamente dicha y la anulabilidad. Los modelos de control constitucional de normas vienen a estar determinados por la clase de invalidez que se admite para la norma inconstitucional, debido a que estas suponen una aplicabilidad de la constitución inmediata y directa (en el caso de la nulidad) o mediata (en el caso de la anulabilidad). En un primer caso (nulidad de pleno derecho), se tendrá al control difuso e incidental del judicial review estadounidense; mientras que en el caso de la anulabilidad, se tendrá al modelo austriaco, abstracto y concentrado de Kelsen. El establecimiento de un modelo mixto que pretende convergir el control abstracto y concentrado, con la eficacia y aplicación directa de la constitución que resulta en un modelo difuso e incidental, deberá tomar en cuenta qué clase de la invalidez conviene a un modelo cuya premisa de base es la aplicabilidad directa de la constitución.
La generación “Clic”: Nativos digitales en la educación superior de Nicaragua
Authors: Salgado Aráuz Georvany José
Published: February 2024

La transición y evolución educativa que ha tenido la educación en línea o distancia por la alta demanda de la generación clic se puede definir como una herramienta para construir a nuestra sociedad de una forma más competitiva, es por ello que se ha emigrado al modelo de estudios B-learning y e-learning tomando en cuenta las dificultades que tienen la mayoría de los estudiantes y docentes en cuanto al factor económico, tecnológico y social, por ello esta modalidad permite brindar una mejor calidad de servicios universitarios por parte de sus docentes así como estrategias para la implementación del uso y apropiación de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación-TIC para cumplir con las demandas globales de los nativos digitales. Para ello es necesario precisar que no basta con que las personas tengan acceso a las tecnologías, sino que también deben aprender a usarlas de manera efectiva para el aprendizaje, la creatividad, el progreso científico, tecnológico y cultural. Las TIC son un medio para fomentar la educación de calidad y la innovación pedagógica, lo que ayuda a crear espacios de aprendizaje que satisfagan las necesidades de las nuevas generaciones. Es por ello que se define a la generación clic como los conocedores y dominantes de las tecnologías, así como su desarrollo científico en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje asistido por las tecnologías.
Implementasi Metode Human Centered Design Untuk Perancangan Antarmuka Pengguna Pada Sistem Manajemen Pembelajaran
Authors: Rahman Rafli Aulia , Sutojo Totok
Published: February 2024

Dalam merancang sebuah sistem manajemen pembelajaran (LMS) perlu untuk mempertimbangkan sisi User Interface (UI) yang mana berkaitan dengan interaksi pengguna dengan sistem dan juga User Experience (UX) yang berkaitan dengan respon, cara pandang, serta perasaanÂ  pengguna saat menggunakan sebuah sistem. Namun dalam proses perancangan tampilan antarmuka sebuah LMS tidak melibatkan pengguna secara keseluruhan, serta kurang melihat akan faktor kebiasaan yang dilakukan oleh manusia. Human Centered Design (HCD) merupakan suatu metode pengembangan sistem interaktif dengan menitikberatkan kepada cara sebuah sistem digunakan secara langsung oleh pengguna. Untuk menentukan tolak ukur keberhasilan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan 6 variabel User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) yaitu Daya Tarik, Kejelasan, Efisiensi, Ketepatan, Stimulasi, dan Kebaruan. Uji coba pengguna terhadap antarmuka LMS diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa metode HCD dapat digunakan untuk membuat sebuah tampilan antarmuka dengan semua variabel tolak ukur UEQ tidak ada yang masuk kategori Below AverageÂ  dan Bad, untuk variabel Daya Tarik masuk kategori Excellent, Kejelasan masuk kategori Above Average, Efisiensi masuk kategori Excellent, Ketepatan masuk kategori Good, Stimulasi masuk kategori Excellent dan untuk Kebaruan masuk kategori Above Average.
Pengembangan Game RPG dan Story Dengan Elemen Gameplay Menggunakan Metodologi Finite State Machine (FSM) Pada Game Kisah Tjepoe
Authors: Gumilang Achdan Nizhar , Haryanto Hanny , Dolphina Erlin
Published: February 2024

Gim Role Playing Game dapat dinilai mampu memberikan banyak hal positif bagi para pemainnya dikarenakan gim Role Playing Game memiliki jalan cerita yang unik dan menarik dengan memperlihatkan etika – etika social yang baik. Gim RPG ini sangat cocok dengan tema yang mengangkat tema – tema sejarah karena dengan adanya jenis Gim RPG ini bisa menceritakan sejarah menggunakan gim agar lebih menarik dan bervariasi. Tetapi, kebanyakan gim Role Playing Game memiliki pilihan cerita yang sangat monoton dan NPC (Non Player Character) terkesan seperti kaku atau kurang bervariasi. Hal ini menyebabkan banyak orang yang tidak suka dengan gim RPG dikarenakan kurangnya pilihan cerita atau cerita terlalu monoton dan NPC terlihat kaku atau tidak bervariasi. Salah satu metodologi yang bisa membantu agar gim RPG ini tidak terlihat monoton  dan membosankan adalah menggunakan Kecerdasan Buatan. Model kecerdasan buatan yang akan digunakan adalah Finite State Machine (FSM) yang digunakan untuk merancang jalan cerita atau menambah variasi perilaku Non Player Character (NPC) agar terlihat bervariasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Pengembangan Game RPG dan Story dengan Elemen Gameplay Menggunakan Metodologi Finite State Machine pada Game “Kisah Tjepoe”.
Factors Influencing Students’ Choice of Accounting Major in Cambodia
Authors: Thath Rido , Mong Mara , Chheng Somala
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT Higher education institutions in Cambodia have offered a major in accounting since the private sector was permitted to provide education services. The development of the country, which sees the inflow of foreign companies and the growth of local firms, the full adoption of the accounting standards, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by the National Accounting Council (NAC) may have induced the growing demand for professional accountants and the enrollment of students in accounting program. Recently, a major in accounting has attracted increasing interest from students. This study determined factors influencing Cambodian students’ decision to major in accounting. Three hundred ninety-four 394 students currently studying accounting were surveyed using the anonymous self-administered questionnaire through Google Forms. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to construct the variables, and multiple regression was employed to analyze the factors influencing students’ choice of accounting major. The results showed that personal interest, school reputation, and career expectations are significant factors. Although female students account for the majority of accounting students, gender was not found to have a significant influence on students’ choices. The results suggest that higher education institutions should prioritize strengthening their reputations by offering internationally accredited curricula and programs so that their graduates will be qualified to work in top-class companies, boosting students’ interest and expectation in pursuing accounting careers. Keywords: Accounting major; Factor analysis; Multiple regression
Lecture Recording: Mini-Experiment and Student Usage
Authors: Ly Monirith
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessity of online education, many institutions recorded lectures for students who needed more awareness of the effects of this practice. First, this paper thematically reviews the research literature on both benefits and drawbacks of lecture recording, and the factors that influence these effects. Then, based on some of the recommendations provided by the literature, the researcher conducted a mini-experiment with six courses to find whether it would increase student views of recorded lecture videos. Paired t-tests of longitudinal survey data found no significant increase in student view statistics after the researcher’s assistant titled each video and uploaded it faster. However, descriptive statistics found the videos of all six courses to be very useful or helpful to most students. The study raises a further question of whether clipping the videos would increase student views. Keywords: Lecture recording; Experiment; Audio; Videos
Membros investidores e processo fundacional da cooperativa
Authors: Ramos Maria Elisabete
Published: February 2024

O presente trabalho pretende refletir sobre a natureza da intervenção de membros investidores no funcionamento da assembleia de fundadores e no processo de elaboração dos estatutos, à luz da lei portuguesa. O estudo conclui que o Código Cooperativo português aceita que os futuros membros investidores participem no processo de constituição da cooperativa, integrando a assembleia de fundadores. O respeito pela identidade cooperativa reclama que seja “limitada” a participação dos futuros membros investidores na assembleia de fundadores, cingindo-a aos direitos de estar presente e de discutir as propostas apresentadas. Também se conclui que não ofende a identidade cooperativa privar os futuros membros investidores de voto na deliberação de criação da cooperativa e de aprovação dos respetivos estatutos. O estudo defende que a criação da cooperativa e a aprovação dos estatutos dependem, pelo menos, de três votos favoráveis de fundadores-cooperadores. Por fim, conclui-se que os estatutos da cooperativa aprovados em sede de assembleia de fundadores moldam as “condições e limites da existência de membros investidores” (art. 16.º, 1, g), do Código Cooperativo) e devem respeitar as normas legais imperativas destinadas a acomodar o poder económico e políticos destes sujeitos ao núcleo essencial da iniciativa cooperativa, em particular no que diz respeito à atribuição de voto plural.
Helium damping characteristics of rotating superconducting rotor
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Hu Xin-Ning , Cui Chun-Yan , Cui Xu , Niu Fei-Fei , Wang Lu-Zhong , Wang Qiu-Liang ,   Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, China
Published: February 2024

The superconducting rotor magnetic levitation device can be used to make an angular velocity sensor, and the high-speed rotating superconducting rotor is the basis for achieving high-precision measurement of the superconducting rotor magnetic levitation device. The heat loss and radial mass eccentricity of the superconducting rotor can cause thermal quenching and resonance in the driving process, which is unfavorable to the driving process of the superconducting rotor. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a certain quantity of helium gas in the superconducting cavity in the driving process, to transfer the heat generated by the driving process and avoid its resonance. But helium gas also has a drag torque on the rotating superconducting rotor, affecting the driving process of the superconducting rotor. Based on this, the drag torque of the helium on the rotating superconducting rotor is studied. Firstly, the Van der Waals equation is introduced to analyze the properties of low-temperature helium, and a method of studying the drag effect of low-temperature helium on the rotating superconducting rotor is proposed based on Reynolds law and Stoke’s first problem. Then, an experiment on superconducting rotor speed attenuation is conducted to verify the proposed analysis method. Based on the finite element method, the driving electromagnetic structure and driving torque of the superconducting rotor are analyzed. Finally, the influence of helium on the driving process of the superconducting rotor is investigated, including critical driving speed, acceleration time of the superconducting rotor, and frictional heat of the helium on the superconducting rotor. The research results further enrich the study of the drag torque of low-temperature gases on rotating superconductors, providing a reference for further optimizing the driving process of superconducting rotors.
Water-soluble 4-(dimethylaminomethyl)heliomycin exerts greater antitumor effects than parental heliomycin by targeting the tNOX-SIRT1 axis and apoptosis in oral cancer cells
Authors: Islam Atikul , Chang Yu-Chun , Chen Xiao-Chi , Weng Chia-Wei , Chen Chien-Yu , Wang Che-Wei , Chen Mu-Kuan , Tikhomirov Alexander S. , Shchekotikhin Andrey E. , Chueh Pin Ju
Published: February 2024

The antibiotic heliomycin (resistomycin), which is generated from
Streptomyces resistomycificus
, has multiple activities, including anticancer effects. Heliomycin was first described in the 1960s, but its clinical applications have been hindered by extremely low solubility. A series of 4-aminomethyl derivatives of heliomycin were synthesized to increase water solubility; studies showed that they had anti-proliferative effects, but the drug targets remained unknown. In this study, we conducted cellular thermal shift assays (CETSA) and molecular docking simulations to identify and validate that heliomycin and its water-soluble derivative, 4-(dimethylaminomethyl)heliomycin (designated compound 4-dmH) engaged and targeted with sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in p53-functional SAS and p53-mutated HSC-3 oral cancer cells. We further addressed the cellular outcome of SIRT1 inhibition by these compounds and found that, in addition to SIRT1, the water-soluble 4-dmH preferentially targeted a tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX, ENOX2). The direct binding of 4-dmH to tNOX decreased the oxidation of NADH to NAD
+
which diminished NAD
+
-dependent SIRT1 deacetylase activity, ultimately inducing apoptosis and significant cytotoxicity in both cell types, as opposed to the parental heliomycin-induced autophagy. We also observed that tNOX and SIRT1 were both upregulated in tumor tissues of oral cancer patients compared to adjacent normal tissues, suggesting their clinical relevance. Finally, the better therapeutic efficacy of 4-dmH was confirmed in tumor-bearing mice, which showed greater tNOX and SIRT1 downregulation and tumor volume reduction when treated with 4-dmH compared to heliomycin. Taken together, our
in vitro
and
in vivo
findings suggest that the multifaceted properties of water-soluble 4-dmH enable it to offer superior antitumor value compared to parental heliomycin, and indicated that it functions through targeting the tNOX-NAD
+
-SIRT1 axis to induce apoptosis in oral cancer cells.
The molecular mechanism and evolutionary divergence of caspase 3/7-regulated gasdermin E activation
Authors: Xu Hang , Yuan Zihao , Qin Kunpeng , Jiang Shuai , Sun Li
Published: February 2024

Caspase (CASP) is a family of proteases involved in cleavage and activation of gasdermin, the executor of pyroptosis. In human, CASP3 and CASP7 recognize the same consensus motif DxxD, which is present in gasdermin E (GSDME). However, human GSDME is cleaved by CASP3 but not by CASP7. The underlying mechanism of this observation is unclear. In this study, we identified a pyroptotic pufferfish GSDME that was cleaved by both pufferfish CASP3/7 and human CASP3/7. Domain swapping between pufferfish and human CASP and GSDME showed that the GSDME C-terminus and the CASP7 p10 subunit determined the cleavability of GSDME by CASP7. p10 contains a key residue that governs CASP7 substrate discrimination. This key residue is highly conserved in vertebrate CASP3 and in most vertebrate (except mammalian) CASP7. In mammals, the key residue is conserved in non-primate (e.g., mouse) but not in primate. However, mouse CASP7 cleaved human GSDME but not mouse GSDME. These findings revealed the molecular mechanism of CASP7 substrate discrimination and the divergence of CASP3/7-mediated GSDME activation in vertebrate. These results also suggested that mutation-mediated functional alteration of CASP probably enabled the divergence and specialization of different CASP members in the regulation of complex cellular activities in mammals.
An efficient consolidation of word embedding and deep learning techniques for classifying anticancer peptides: FastText+BiLSTM
Authors: Karakaya Onur , Kilimci Zeynep Hilal
Published: February 2024

Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are a group of peptides that exhibit antineoplastic properties. The utilization of ACPs in cancer prevention can present a viable substitute for conventional cancer therapeutics, as they possess a higher degree of selectivity and safety. Recent scientific advancements generate an interest in peptide-based therapies which offer the advantage of efficiently treating intended cells without negatively impacting normal cells. However, as the number of peptide sequences continues to increase rapidly, developing a reliable and precise prediction model becomes a challenging task. In this work, our motivation is to advance an efficient model for categorizing anticancer peptides employing the consolidation of word embedding and deep learning models. First, Word2Vec, GloVe, FastText, One-Hot-Encoding approaches are evaluated as embedding techniques for the purpose of extracting peptide sequences. Then, the output of embedding models are fed into deep learning approaches CNN, LSTM, BiLSTM. To demonstrate the contribution of proposed framework, extensive experiments are carried on widely-used datasets in the literature, ACPs250 and independent. Experiment results show the usage of proposed model enhances classification accuracy when compared to the state-of-the-art studies. The proposed combination, FastText+BiLSTM, exhibits 92.50% of accuracy for ACPs250 dataset, and 96.15% of accuracy for the Independent dataset, thence determining new state-of-the-art.