bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RP-HPLC method development and validation for the quantification of Efonidipine hydrochloride in HME processed solid dispersions
Authors: Rajput Ashish S. , Jha Durgesh K. , Gurram Sharda , Shah Devanshi S. , Amin Purnima D.
Published: October 2020

Background

Efonidipine hydrochloride (EFO) is a poorly water-soluble drug and, hence, has poor bioavailability. Solid dispersions (SDs) of EFO using Eudragit EPO were prepared using hot-melt extrusion (HME) for the first time. The current study aims at developing a simple RP-HPLC method to quantify EFO in the developed SDs.

Results

The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Agilent Eclipsed XDB-C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm), packed with 5 μm particles. The optimized mobile phase consisted of HPLC grade acetonitrile and 0.020 mol/L KH2PO4 (pH 2.5) buffer in the ratio of 85:15 v/v with a flow rate optimized at 1.2 ml/min. The developed method was validated for system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The linearity results showed an excellent linear relationship between the drug concentration and peak area, indicating the peak area is directly proportional to the analyte concentration within a specific range and an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.9998. Intermediate precision and repeatability confirmed that the method provides precise results with %RSD value less than 2% for EFO. The assay results of the developed formulations were in the acceptable range with RSD less than 2%. The enhanced drug dissolution from the Eudragit EPO carrier with 10% Citric Acid (CA) is attributed to the conversion of the drug from crystalline to amorphous form, and microenvironmental acidic pH provided by CA.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, the developed RP-HPLC method showed excellent ability to differentiate the formulations and highlights the role of the polymer and the plasticizer.

Graphical abstract
Comparison of Percentage Prolonged Times to Tracheal Extubation Between a Japanese Teaching Hospital and One in the United States, Without and With a Phase I Postanesthesia Care Unit
Authors: Sugiyama Daisuke , Dexter Franklin , Thenuwara Kokila , Ueda Kenichi
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Prolonged times to tracheal extubation are those from end of surgery (dressing on the patient) to extubation 15 minutes or longer. They are so long that others in the operating room (OR) generally have exhausted whatever activities can be done. They cause delays in the starts of surgeons’ to-follow cases and are associated with longer duration workdays. Anesthesiologists rate them as being inferior quality. We compare prolonged times to extubation between a teaching hospital in the United States with a phase I postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and a teaching hospital in Japan without a PACU. Our report is especially important during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Anesthesiologists with some patients undergoing general anesthetics and having initial PACU recovery in the ORs where they had surgery can learn from the Japanese anesthesiologists with all patients recovering in ORs.

METHODS:

The historical cohort study included all patients undergoing gynecological surgery at a US hospital (N = 785) or Japanese hospital (N = 699), with the time from OR entrance to end of surgery of at least 4 hours.

RESULTS:

The mean times from end of surgery to OR exit were slightly longer at the US hospital than at the Japanese hospital (mean difference 1.9 minutes, P < .0001). The mean from end of surgery to discharge to surgical ward at the US hospital also was longer (P < .0001), mean difference 2.2 hours. The sample standard deviations of times from end of surgery until tracheal extubation was 40 minutes for the US hospital versus 4 minutes at the Japanese hospital (P < .0001). Prolonged times to tracheal extubation were 39% of cases at the US hospital versus 6% at the Japanese hospital; relative risk 6.40, 99% confidence interval (CI), 4.28–9.56. Neither patient demographics, case characteristics, surgeon, anesthesiologist, nor anesthesia provider significantly revised the risk ratio. There were 39% of times to extubation that were prolonged among the patients receiving neither remifentanil nor desflurane (all such patients at the US hospital) versus 6% among the patients receiving both remifentanil and desflurane (all at the Japanese hospital). The relative risk 7.12 (99% CI, 4.59–11.05) was similar to that for the hospital groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Differences in anesthetic practice can facilitate major differences in patient recovery soon after anesthesia, useful when the patient will recover initially in the OR or if the phase I PACU is expected to be unable to admit the patient.
Global Flows and the Changing Place Identity of Myŏng-dong
Authors: Oh Youjeong
Published: October 2020

This article examines the recent transformation of Myŏng-dong, which has been brought about by a constellation of global forces. The number of retail stores selling affordable cosmetics has mushroomed since 2008, and they are now the area’s primary occupants despite its notoriously high rent, which has led to the area’s becoming identified as Cosme Road. An enormous number of foreign tourists, driven by Korean entertainment, now demand budget cosmetics. Consequently, the agglomeration of cosmetics stores and the consolidation of a place identity have reinforced each other, which has attracted even more customers, and because the pace of tourist mobility and the size of the crowds matter to the area’s turnover rates, various measures are practiced to hasten customer circulation so that they consume Hallyu images and then quickly exit the area. This article interprets the phenomenon in Myŏng-dong in terms of multidirectional global flows, which have transformed the area’s materiality and cultural meanings: the outward Hallyu, the construction of Korean beauty inspired by Hallyu, the global reach of the cosmetics industry that employs Hallyu, and Hallyu-driven transnational tourism. Multirealm global connections have not only reconfigured the place dynamics of Myŏng-dong but also complicated its place meanings by turning the area into a site for the projection of Hallyu desires associated with capital accumulation.
Identification of key features required for efficient S-acylation and plasma membrane targeting of sprouty-2
Authors: Locatelli Carolina , Lemonidis Kimon , Salaun Christine , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O. , Chamberlain Luke H.
Published: October 2020

Sprouty-2 is an important regulator of growth factor signalling and a tumour suppressor protein. The defining feature of this protein is a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) that contains twenty-six cysteine residues and is modified by S-acylation. In this study, we show that the CRD of sprouty-2 is differentially modified by S-acyltransferase enzymes. The high specificity/low activity zDHHC17 enzyme mediated restricted S-acylation of sprouty-2, and cysteine-265 and -268 were identified as key targets of this enzyme. In contrast, the low specificity/high activity zDHHC3 and zDHHC7 enzymes mediated more expansive modification of the sprouty-2 CRD. Nevertheless, S-acylation by all enzymes enhanced sprouty-2 expression, suggesting that S-acylation stabilises this protein. In addition, we identified two charged residues (aspartate-214 and lysine-223), present on opposite faces of a predicted α-helix in the CRD, which are essential for S-acylation of sprouty-2. Interestingly, mutations that perturbed S-acylation also led to a loss of plasma membrane localisation of sprouty-2 in PC12 cells. This study provides insight into the mechanisms and outcomes of sprouty-2 S-acylation, and highlights distinct patterns of S-acylation mediated by different classes of zDHHC enzymes.
A novel coordinated function of Myosin II with GOLPH3 controls centralspindlin localization during cytokinesis in Drosophila
Authors: Sechi Stefano , Frappaolo Anna , Karimpour-Ghahnavieh Angela , Fraschini Roberta , Giansanti Maria Grazia
Published: October 2020

In animal cell cytokinesis, interaction of non-muscle myosin II (NMII) with F-actin provides the dominant force for pinching the mother cell into two daughters. Here we demonstrate that celibe (cbe) is a missense allele of zipper, which encodes the Drosophila Myosin heavy chain. Mutation of cbe impairs binding of Zipper protein to the regulatory light chain Spaghetti squash (Sqh). In dividing spermatocytes from cbe males, Sqh fails to concentrate at the equatorial cortex, resulting in thin actomyosin rings that are unable to constrict. We show that cbe mutation impairs localization of the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P]-binding protein Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3, also known as Sauron) and maintenance of centralspindlin at the cell equator of telophase cells. Our results further demonstrate that GOLPH3 protein associates with Sqh and directly binds the centralspindlin subunit Pavarotti. We propose that during cytokinesis, the reciprocal dependence between Myosin and PI(4)P–GOLPH3 regulates centralspindlin stabilization at the invaginating plasma membrane and contractile ring assembly.
Mechanosensitive Fluorescent Probes, Changing Color Like Lobsters during Cooking: Cascade Switching Variations
Authors: Kato Takehiro , Strakova Karolina , García-Calvo José , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: October 2020

Fluorescent flipper probes have been introduced recently to image physical forces in biology. Their design is inspired by the combination of planarization and polarization that makes the color of astaxanthin, a carotenoid, turn blue in living lobsters or shrimps. Flipper probes are constructed around twisted dithienothiophene dimers. Upon planarization, donors and acceptors placed on both sides are coupled to generate push-pull systems that shift excitation maxima to the red, while the emission wavelength is mechanoinsensitive. To assure chemical stability, these donors and acceptors have to turn on only upon planarization. In living lobster, this is achieved most beautifully with non-covalent hydrogen bonds to and from the surrounding, planarizing protein. With flipper probes, the unorthodox chalcogen bonds prove best to produce turn-on donors and acceptors. The specific objective of this study was to explore different turn-on donors for the resulting chalcogen-bonding cascade switches. The focus is on substitution of the original triazoles with ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and ortho-hydroxyphenyl (HOP) donors. Design, synthesis and evaluation of the respective flipper probes are described.
Synthesis of Defect and Valence State Tuned Metal Oxide Nanoparticles with Colloid Chemical Solution Process: Control of Optical and Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Uekawa Naofumi
Published: October 2020

Dialysis and peptization, which are colloid chemical solution processes, are simple and effective techniques for controlling hydrolysis of hydrated metal cations. These synthetic processes preparation of stable sol with dispersion of doped oxide nanoparticles with wide molar fraction range from metal chloride aqueous and glycol solutions. Furthermore, control and introduction of lattice defects can be possible due to low temperature synthesis below 373 K. Design of optical and electrical characteristics of oxide nanoparticles by the solutions processes can be realized by controlling the situation of doping and lattice defects.
Decreasing the radiation dose for contrast-enhanced abdominal spectral CT with a half contrast dose: a matched-pair comparison with a 120 kVp protocol
Authors: Sakabe Daisuke , Nakaura Takeshi , Oda Seitaro , Kidoh Masafumi , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Masahiro Hatemura RT , Funama Yoshinori
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

To compare the estimated radiation dose of 50% reduced iodine contrast medium (halfCM) for virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) with that of standard CM (stdCM) with a 120 kVp imaging protocol for contrast-enhanced CT (CECT).

Methods:

We enrolled 30 adults with renal dysfunction who underwent abdominal CT with halfCM for spectral CT. As controls, 30 matched patients without renal dysfunction using stdCM were also enrolled. CT images were reconstructed with the VMIs at 55 keV with halfCM and 120 kVp images with stdCM and halfCM. The Monte-Carlo simulation tool was used to simulate the radiation dose. The organ doses were normalized to CTDIvol for the liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys and measured between halfCM and stdCM protocols.

Results:

For the arterial phase, the mean organ doses normalized to CTDIvol for stdCM and halfCM were 1.22 and 1.29 for the liver, 1.50 and 1.35 for the spleen, 1.75 and 1.51 for the pancreas, and 1.89 and 1.53 for the kidneys. As compared with non-enhanced CT, the average increase in the organ dose was significantly lower for halfCM (13.8% ± 14.3 and 26.7% ± 16.7) than for stdCM (31.0% ± 14.3 and 38.5% ± 14.8) during the hepatic arterial and portal venous phases (p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

As compared with stdCM with the 120 kVp imaging protocol, a 50% reduction in CM with VMIs with the 55 keV protocol allowed for a substantial reduction of the average organ dose of iodine CM while maintaining the iodine CT number for CECT.

Advances in knowledge:

This study provides that the halfCM protocol for abdominal CT with a dual-layer-dual-energy CT can significantly reduce the increase in the average organ dose for non-enhanced CT as compared with the standard CM protocol.
Strengthening European local governments to address global health crises and their consequences
Authors: Iglesias Angel , Barbeito Roberto
Published: October 2020

The crisis generated by Covid-19 is a product of global interconnection, but its impacts are manifested locally in a differentiated manner. This text assumes precisely that local governments, as the administration closest to the citizens, are a key instrument to face the effects of this and other global risks in a more democratic and effective way, because they can provide differentiated and more adequate responses to the concrete needs of the citizens. Moreover, if decisions taken at a local level are widely participated and deliberated by the population, they are more legitimate, and this makes it easier for citizens to accept measures that restrict freedoms, such as those imposed worldwide by the public health measures taken in response to Covid-19. In line with these assumptions, in this policy paper we highlight the need to strengthen European local governments by giving them greater resources and more autonomy. Our position is consistent with the recommendations made by international bodies during the current pandemic, but it is also supported by the evidence the authors have gathered from their participation in a European research project within the H2020 program (COST Action IS 1207 LocRef). Based on the results of this research, a series of practical recommendations are proposed for the European Union and the member countries to grant increased resources and a greater degree of autonomy to local governments.
State performance in crises: A proposal for action for Brazil
Authors: Contipelli Ernani , Nagao Menezes Daniel Francisco
Published: October 2020

The great challenge for government action at these times is to devise strategies that bring together at the same time: the ability to encompass different dimensions of the problem; mechanisms for dialogue and articulation with the multiple actors with competence to affect the measures put into action and the speed of response consistent with the urgency of the effects resulting from the pandemic. The text will analyze the challenges and responses of the Brazilian State to the COVID-19 crisis, based on multidimensionality and intersectoriality. Three points will be discussed in the article: a) political-institutional articulation between different governmental and non-governmental sectors; b) elaboration of a national pandemic containment; c) establishment of transparency mechanisms for ongoing actions and communication with society.Abstract (in Spanish)El gran desafío para la acción del gobierno en estos momentos es diseñar estrategias que se unan al mismo tiempo: la capacidad de abarcar diferentes dimensiones del problema; mecanismos para el diálogo y la articulación con los múltiples actores con competencia para afectar las medidas puestas en acción y la velocidad de respuesta consistente con la urgencia de los efectos resultantes de la pandemia. El texto analizará los desafíos y las respuestas del Estado brasileño a la crisis COVID-19, basándose en la multidimensionalidad y la intersectorialidad. Se discutirán tres puntos en el artículo: a) articulación político-institucional entre diferentes sectores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales; b) elaboración de una contención nacional pandémica; c) establecimiento de mecanismos de transparencia para acciones en curso y comunicación con la sociedad.
Teaching EU Values in Schools through European programs during COVID-19 pandemic. The “Teachers4Europe: setting an Agora for Democratic Culture” Program
Authors: Asderaki Foteini , Sideri Olga
Published: October 2020

The establishment of the European Education Area is fundamental for the development of the European Union of Values. The importance of education is the basis of active citizenship and fundamental values that should lie at the heart of the EU as stated in the Paris Declaration 2015, the EU Leaders’ Agenda at the Social Summit for Fair Jobs and Growth in Gothenburg, 2017 and the new EU strategic agenda 2019-2014. In order to achieve this goal, special attention must be paid to human resources, especially teachers, who, as the main pillars of education, are the key-actors to promote European values. This policy brief outlines the importance of teaching EU values in a digital environment due to Covid-19 pandemic era. “Teachers4Europe setting an Agora for Democratic Culture” program establishes a European network of teachers. Teachers4Europe network challenge is to become the driving force for the promotion of the EU values even in times of social distancing. A prerequisite for promoting EU values lies in the continuous training of teachers and students on issues related to the EU, the reshaping of the curricula, the enhancement of digital skills and digital literacy to advance civic competences and the participation in European programs. The flexibility of European programs offers the opportunity to teachers and students to interact with their peers and stakeholders through e-conferences, e-schools and online lessons. Through this process, effective policy proposals and good practices would emerge, while at the same time alternative forms of education will be established in cases of global crisis as the Covid 19 pandemic.
On the issue of the legal education of cadets in the psychological and pedagogical literature
Authors: Kodoeva Arina
Published: October 2020

the article handles the origin of the term "legal education". A detailed analysis of the works of scientists involved in this issue is given. There are three factors of legal nihilism that led to the split of the unified Russian historical, cultural and social community, but also had a significant impact on the younger generation, depriving it of any stable coordinate system in the construction of both personal and social relations. The acquired legal knowledge becomes due and valuable in the consciousness and behavior of the individual only when the due and value of these norms, first, is shared with the individual by a certain human community, and secondly, it generates indisputable authorities that are indicative carriers of legal due and value. According to the author, systematic and specific activities are necessary, aimed not only at obtaining legal knowledge, but also at developing habits of legal behavior in society. Not only state and public organizations should be involved in such activities. This work should be carried out methodically in educational institutions. The author analyzes the definition of "legal education" from the point of view of various scientists who have worked on this problem.
Studies of the Americas
Authors: Cristian Réka M. , Dragon Zoltán , Lénárt András
Published: October 2020

The article surveys the development and the current status of American, Latin-American, and Inter-American Studies at the University of Szeged with special focus on the research fields and publications of the faculty members from the Department of American Studies, Hispanic Studies, and the Inter-American Research Center of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences.
Understanding Content Contribution Behavior in a Geosegmented Mobile Virtual Community: The Context of Waze
Authors: Guo Chenhui (Julian) , Kim Tae Hun , Susarla Anjana , Sambamurthy Vallabh
Published: October 2020

The virtualization of every aspect of our life does not mean that old ways of social interaction can now be transported to the internet. According to recent research conducted on the influence of mobile apps, we also need to look at how digital spaces enable interactions among individuals. We use large-scale geospatial data analysis to study millions of postings in an app called Waze. We conceptualize a novel factor called virtual crowdedness, which is the density of usage of the app in a specific neighborhood. We find that displaying the density of a user’s “virtual activities” can both encourage and discourage participation by the entire community. We find that participation in virtual settings is akin to what economists describe as a public good, where only a few individuals contribute but create well-being for the entire community. Users’ motivation to participate in virtual settings depends on what is termed “impure altruism” by economists, where participation is heavily influenced by motives of prestige and public recognition. These motivations are reinforced through intensive social interactions among members of such communities. We also find there is a strong bystander effect in these virtual communities. The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which an individual’s likelihood of engaging in a helpful act decreases when bystanders are present in a critical situation.
O HISTÓRICO DAS INTERVENÇÕES HUMANAS NA BAÍA DE GUANABARA (BRASIL) E O REGISTRO DO ANTROPOCENO EM QUATRO UNIDADES SEDIMENTARES
Authors: Baptista Filho Luis Saavedra , Baptista Neto José Antônio , Martins Maria Virginia , Geraldes Mauro Cesar
Published: October 2020

A Baía de Guanabara, um dos mais importantes sistemas costeiros do sudeste brasileiro, com os seus primeiros rasgos estruturais durante o pré-cambriano e instalação definitiva durante o Cenozoico, tem vindo a ser modelada por processos relacionados com alterações climáticas e mais recentemente pela forte atividade antrópica, na região. Este trabalho pretende efetuar uma síntese de registros sedimentares históricos relacionados com a ação antrópica no entrono da Baía de Guanabara e definir o início do Antropoceno neste sistema costeiro.Em adição, os resultados desta investigação permitem a  divisão do Antropoceno em quatro periodos de sedimentação na Bia da Guanabara.A documentação e os dados analisados permitem considerar que a camada sedimentar que marca o início do Antropoceno, na Baía de Guanabara foi depositada em 1502 (Ano Domine), no decurso da “Pequena Idade do Gelo”, ano a partir do qual teve início o processo de ocupação colonialista dos Portugueses. Esforços de ocupação e defesa local após o descobrimento, em 1502, culminou com a criação da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 1565.A partir de então observam-se no registro sedimentar a redução granulométrica dos sedimento, em plena Pequena Idade do Gelo, aumento progressivo dos teores de matéria orgânica mudanças polínicas resultantes do desmatamento para extração do pau-brasil, para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar, que se estendeu dos séculos XVI ao XIX, e do café nos séculos XVIII e XIX. De meados do séc. XVIII ao início do séc. XX inicia o ciclo da mineração, seguida do começo do ciclo da industrialização e principia de forma incipiente a poluição danosa na Baía de Guanabara. O desenvolvimento industrial, a partir da invenção da máquina a vapor, associado à necessidade de matéria-prima, conseguida a baixo custo nos países colonizados à época, marcou a segunda fase do Antropoceno na Baía de Guanabara, a partir de meados do século XVIII e que terá durado até ao início do século XX. Esta fase é identificada em registros sedimentares onde ocorre aumento expressivo de metais.Início do séc. XX ao início dos anos 50 a alteração de mais de 10 Km da orla ocidental da baía próxima a desembocadura causa a alteração do padrão hidrodinâmico dando lugar a um aumento acentuado da acumulação de sedimentos finos em vastas áreas da Baía de GuanabaraA quarta fase do Antropoceno, após meados do século XX, teve lugar num cenário de grande crescimento demográfico e industrial. A Baía de Guanabara passou a recolher o excedente sedimentar provocado pelas intervenções antrópicas acrescido do aumento dos resíduos domésticos (lixo em geral e esgoto) e industriais (óleo, metais pesados, substâncias tóxicas e carga orgânica) oriundos da expansão das atividades no seu entorno, acarretando a aceleração da perda de sua área de superfície e de profundidade.
Refreshing general practice
Authors: Gourlay Mark
Published: October 2020

Mark Gourlay was an MSc Adult Nursing (Pre-registration) Student, University of Dundee, and is now General Practice Nurse, Taycourt Surgery, Dundee
What nurses need to know about mobile radiography
Authors: Bwanga Osward
Published: October 2020

Nurses have a vital role in providing nursing care to patients requiring mobile radiography. Mobile radiography is requested when a patient's condition makes it impossible for them to be transported to the radiology department. All health professionals involved in mobile radiography, such as nurses, medical doctors and radiographers should be knowledgeable in this area. This is even more important in current practice, where nurse consultants and nurse advanced practitioners are assessing and referring patients for limited radiological examinations. However, there is little literature to equip nurses with knowledge about mobile radiography. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of this subject at a time when the number of patients requiring mobile radiography has increased globally, due to the outbreak of coronavirus. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 require portable chest X-rays to diagnose complications of the disease, such as pneumonia.
A healthier way to meet people: the experiences of LGBT people exercising with a peer group
Authors: Hunter David J , Boyle Kevin
Published: October 2020

Background:

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) individuals have been shown to have poorer health when compared to those who identified as heterosexual. Additionally, they encounter barriers that deter participation in sports.

Aim:

To understand the experiences of LGBT individuals who participate in physical activity with peers.

Method:

An exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) study with data collected via face-to-face interviews from 12 participants. Data were thematically analysed to identify findings.

Findings:

exercising with peers represents a healthier way to meet people. Participants experienced improved physical, mental and social health.

Conclusion:

Engaging with a peer group for physical activity can have a transformational effect on members of the LGBT community, impacting on all aspects of their wellbeing. Nurses, and other health professionals, should be aware of the multifaceted benefits that exercising with a peer group can have, using their regular interactions with this patient group to recommend peer-supported exercise.
The digital revolution: who loses out?
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: October 2020

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, reflects on how the pandemic has progressed the use of digital platforms to interact with patients, and how this approach can exclude some patient groups
Optical detection of formaldehyde in air in the 3.6 µm range
Authors: Winkowski Mateusz , Stacewicz Tadeusz
Published: October 2020

The optical detector of formaldehyde designed for sensing cancer biomarkers in air exhaled from human lungs with possible application in free atmosphere is described. The measurements were performed at wavelengths ranging from 3595.77–3596.20 nm. It was stated that at the pressure of 0.01 atm this absorption band exhibits the best immunity to typical interferents that might occur at high concentration in human breath. Multipass absorption spectroscopy was also applied. The method of optical fringes quenching by wavelength modulation and signal averaging over the interferences period was presented. The application of such approaches enabled the detection limit of about single ppb to be achieved.
Si Microring Resonator-Based Photonic Devices −Application to Modulators and Sensors−
Authors: Arakawa Taro
Published: October 2020

A semiconductor microring resonator (MRR) is promising for high-speed optical communication and sensors because of its compactness and high functionality. We discuss and demonstrate semiconductor MRR-based photonic devices for optical communications and bio/gas sensors.
Electro-Optic Frequency Comb Generation Using Cascaded Silicon Microring Modulators
Authors: Khalil Mostafa , Maram Reza , Naghdi Behnam , Samani Alireza , Jacques Maxime , Chen Lawrence R. , Plant David V.
Published: October 2020

We use cascaded microring modulators in silicon photonics for electro-optic comb generation and achieve 7 comb lines with a spacing of 5 GHz, and 5 comb lines with a spacing of up to 10 GHz.
Spatial Light Shaping of Uniform Femtosecond Laser Sheets for Fabricating Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Rahnama Abdullah , Alimohammadian Ehsan , Zavyalova Polina , Li JianZhao , Aghdami Keivan Mahmoud , Herman Peter R.
Published: October 2020

Femtosecond laser pulses were shaped into uniform intensity sheets for point-by-point writing of micro-volume gratings inside of single-mode optical fiber core, opening flexible means for tailoring spectral properties of fiber Bragg grating devices.
Free space 1R regenerator based on an optical phased array
Authors: Lee Woo-Bin , Im Chul-Soon , Bhandari Bishal , Lee Sang-Shin
Published: October 2020

We demonstrated a free space 1R regenerator incorporating an optical phased array based on a bidirectional grating antenna, enabling transmission and reception of optical signals at up to 10 Gbps.
Integrated Calibration-Free Scannable Structured Light for Fast High-Resolution LiDAR
Authors: Jansen Roelof , Prost Mathias , Kjellman Jon , Marinins Aleksandrs , Soussan Philippe , Dahlem Marcus S. , Rottenberg Xavier
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate an integrated scanning technique using structured light, which combines features of flash and scanning LiDAR. A tunable, scalable and calibration-free SiN structured light generator is demonstrated with a 0.3° × 0.3° spot divergence.
Optimization algorithm for short, low-loss transition tapers from strip to subwavelength grating waveguide
Authors: Kukin Aleksei V. , Marom Dan M.
Published: October 2020

We investigate the taper transition in SiN from strip to subwavelength sampled waveguides and propose an iterative algorithm that converges to optimal transition. The resulting taper length is minimized and its efficiency converges to lossless.
Integrated Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Photonics
Authors: Rao Ashutosh , Fathpour Sasan , Srinivasan Kartik
Published: October 2020

Recent progress in integrated thin-film lithium niobate photonics will be reviewed with a focus on electro-optic, nonlinear optic, and quantum optic applications.
Broadband Sub-λ GHz ITO Plasmonic Mach-Zehnder Modulator in Silicon Photonics
Authors: Amin Rubab , Maiti Rishi , Gui Yaliang , Suer Can , Miscuglio Mario , Heidari Elham , Chen Ray T. , Dalir Hamed , Sorger Volker J.
Published: October 2020

Here we demonstrate a spectrally broadband, GHz-fast Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulator, exhibiting a miniscule VpL of 95 V-um, deploying a sub-wavelength short plasmonic phase-shifter heterogeneously integrating ITO films into silicon photonics.
Heterogeneous Integration of Diamond Disk Resonators with Gallium Nitride Photonics
Authors: Smith Jack A. , Klitis Charalambos , Hill Paul , Sorel Marc , Gu Erdan , Dawson Martin D. , Strain Michael J.
Published: October 2020

We present the integration by high accuracy micro-transfer printing of a freestanding diamond microdisk resonator with gallium nitride (GaN) on sapphire racetrack resonators, measuring respective loaded Q factors of 8.8 × 104 and 3.0 × 104.
Perfectly vertical silicon-on-insulator grating couplers with low broadband back-reflection and increased feature sizes
Authors: Dezfouli Mohsen Kamandar , Grinberg Yuri , Melati Daniele , Cheben Pavel , Schmid Jens H. , Sánchez-Postigo Alejandro , Ortega-Moñux Alejandro , Wangüemert-Pérez Gonzalo , Cheriton Ross , Janz Siegfried , Xu Dan-Xia
Published: October 2020

We design perfectly vertical grating couplers with minimum feature sizes above 100 nm, high coupling efficiencies up to 75%, and low back reflection of -20 dB over 100 nm bandwidth, using a machine learning method.
Ultrabroadband second harmonic generation at telecom-wavelengths in lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Fergestad Halvor R. , Gallo Katia
Published: October 2020

We present design guidelines for efficient broadband second harmonic generation in dispersion- engineered LiNbO3-on-insulator waveguides, yielding a maximum 3dB-bandwidth of 265 nm around 1530 nm.
Counter-Propagating Solitons in MgF2 Microresonators using an Auxiliary Laser
Authors: Su Andrew , Ng Vincent , Azeem Farhan , Trainor Luke S. , Schwefel Harald G. L. , Coen Stéphane , Erkintalo Miro , Murdoch Stuart G.
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate counter-proagating Kerr cavity solitons in a magnesium fluoride microresonator. Thermal effects are compensated using an auxiliary laser in a distinct spatial mode that is spectrally close to the pump.
Optical frequency comb generation by hybrid mode-locking in a nested cavity scheme
Authors: Fischer Bennet , Rahim Aadhi A. , Rimoldi Cristina , Roztocki Piotr , di Lauro Luigi , Chemnitz Mario , Kovalev Anton V. , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Moss David J. , Viktorov Evgeny A. , Kues Michael , Morandotti Roberto
Published: October 2020

We present a hybrid fiber-integrated mode-locking scheme using a microring and active modulation. Nonlinear polarization rotation and phase modulation enable long-term frequency comb generation, and access to higher harmonic mode-locking.
Transfer Learning Using ANN for G-OSNR Estimation in WDM Network Topologies
Authors: Pesic J. , Lonardi M. , Zami T. , Rossi N. , Seve E.
Published: October 2020

We investigate how a transfer learning based QoT estimator performs in different network topologies such as CONUS and Germany50.
Single-Mode Optical Fibers for Varied Applications and The Necessity of High-Density Fiber Solutions
Authors: Peterson Daniel L
Published: October 2020

Considering new fiber types today, and all fiber types still in the existing fiber plants around the world, it is useful to discuss the evolution. Also, with the advent of fiber density becoming important, all fiber and cable solutions will be discussed.
Enhanced optical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite doped with metal ions
Authors: Ghaithi Asma Al , Najar Adel
Published: October 2020

The incorporation of Cu+, and Ag+ in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite strongly affects the morphology of the perovskite layer. In addition, doping with Ag ions increase the absorption and photoluminescence of perovskite layer.
Chromogenic Materials in Optical Filters for Smart Windows
Authors: Zakirullin Rustam , Odenbakh Irina
Published: October 2020

Grating optical chromogenic filter provides angular-selective transmission attenuating direct sunlight and transmitting diffused light. Such a smart window demonstrates more comfortable daylight compared to conventional chromogenic smart window.
Plasmon Coupled Emission Directionality and Emission Enhancement for Optical Biosensing
Authors: Resmi Kondankunnath Rejith , Geetha Vishnu , Kannan Pradeesh
Published: October 2020

Emission of fluorescein dye is directionally controlled and enhanced by combining it with surface plasmons of silver films. Emission directionality will boost the sensitivity of fluorescence-based technology especially in optical biosensing.
Investigation of Optoelectronic and Band-gap of Niobium Doped Titanium Dioxide Film Deposited by Electron-beam Evaporation with Ion-beam Assisted
Authors: Chen Hsi-Chao , Yen Yu-Hung , Zheng Ya-Jun , Chang Jhe-Ming , Zhao Yu-Ren , Liu Tan-Fu
Published: October 2020

This research investigated the optoelectronic and band-gap of Nb doped TiO2 film deposited by electron-beam evaporation with ion-beam assisted. TiO2 mixed with Nb2O5 were prepared to two types of powder and pellets for evaporated material.
Tuneable Optical Properties in Al2O3/TiO2 Nanocomposites Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
Authors: Paul Pallabi , Hafiz Golam , Tünnermann Andreas , Szeghalmi Adriana
Published: October 2020

Al2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites were developed by ALD to tailor both optical properties and bandgap of heterostructures. Presence of quantum confinement phenomenon is observed when the thickness of TiO2 film is comparable to Bohr radius.
Simulation study of a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer as terahertz differentiator
Authors: Amirkhan F. , Robichaud A. , Ropagnol X. , Gratuze M. , Ozaki T. , Nabki F. , Blanchard F.
Published: October 2020

We propose a simple method to differentiate a THz pulse using a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT). We demonstrate with simulations that the modulated THz signal after PMUT is proportional to the first-order derivative of the THz pulse.
High refractive index polydimethylsiloxane waveguides for biomedical photonics sensors
Authors: Amouzou Koffi Novignon , Mishra Satyendra Kumar , Richard-Denis Andréane , Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc , Ung Bora
Published: October 2020

We report on the development of low-cost waveguides formed by polydimethylsiloxane doped with benzophenone. In contrast to prior reports, the results were obtained without toxic solvents and generated a very high refractive index contrast (+0.5).
Passive Mode-locked Fiber Laser Based on Ferroferric-oxide Nanoparticles Saturable Absorber
Authors: Cheng Peiyun , Du Yueqing , Han Mengmeng , Shu Xuewen
Published: October 2020

We demonstrated a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on ferroferric-oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles as a saturable absorber. A stable 2.93 ps mode-locked pulse was obtained at 1572.39 nm in such a laser.
Monolithic Semiconductor Plasmonic Devices
Authors: Nordin L. , Briggs A. , Simmons E. , Muhowski A. , Bank S. , Podolskiy V. A , Wasserman D.
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate the monolithic integration of plasmonic materials with semiconductor optoelectronic devices. Leveraging highly doped semiconductors as mid-IR plasmonic materials, we show significant performance improvement for both infrared detectors and emitters.
Reconfigurable Assembly of Chiral Metamaterials on Solid Substrates
Authors: Li Jingang , Zheng Yuebing
Published: October 2020

We report an all-optical approach to build colloids into active chiral nanostructures on a solid substrate, where the chiroptical response can be tailored on-demand.
Photonic metasurfaces for self-stabilizing optical manipulation
Authors: Ilic Ognjen
Published: October 2020

We discuss a novel use of photonic metasurfaces and metamaterials for mechanical stabilization of freestanding objects. Self-restoring optical forces and torques can arise from asymmetric scattering of the metasurface unit cell.
On the modelling of the optical properties of a metasurface composed of nanofins
Authors: Borne Jeck , Panneton Denis , Dallaire Xavier , Parent Jocelyn , Piché Michel , Thibault Simon
Published: October 2020

The phase shift imparted by a dielectric nanofin metasurface can be modelled following a semi-analytical assessment of the guiding properties. The model can be seen as a correction to the typically used Pancharatnam-Berry model.
Homodyne Coherent Detection of THz Pulses via DC-biased Solid-State Devices
Authors: Tomasino Alessandro , Piccoli Riccardo , Jestin Yoann , Le Drogoff B. , Chaker M. , Busacca Alessandro , Yurtsever Aycan , Razzari Luca , Morandotti Roberto
Published: October 2020

We present the solid-state-biased coherent detection technique for ultra-broadband THz pulses operated via a homodyne configuration. This makes our detection method of easy implementation, suitable for cost-effective and portable THz systems.
Ultrafast Nonlinear Dynamics in Optical Fibers: from Real-Time Measurements to Machine Learning
Authors: Genty G. , Salmela L. , Ryczkowski P. , Närhi M. , Lapre C. , Billet C. , Dudley J. M.
Published: October 2020

We review our recent work on the real-time characaterization of ultrafast non-repetitive signals in fiber-optics systems and modeling of nonlinear dynamics using machine learning.
Caustic networks and optical rogue waves with customized intensity statistics
Authors: Menz Philip , Zannotti Alessandro , Denz Cornelia
Published: October 2020

Caustic networks show heavy-tailed intensity statistics and focus to rogue waves. Inspired by speckle microscopy, imaging with caustic networks requires adequate intensity statistics. We customize the intensity statistics of caustic networks.
Customizing caustics in propagation-invariant beams
Authors: Zannotti Alessandro , Denz Cornelia , Alonso Miguel A. , Dennis Mark R.
Published: October 2020

We present a method to shape transverse high-intensity caustics with arbitrary trajectories into propagation-invariant light and demonstrate a variety of 2D beams, ranging from simple geometric forms to complex patterns.
Sub-picosecond Time-resolved Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy
Authors: Calvet Neus A. , Paa Wolfgang , Dietzek Benjamin
Published: October 2020

This project aims to develop a time-resolved spectroscopic method that can resolve and characterize transient processes of optically thin samples. With that purpose, we investigate the combination of the pump-probe technique with cavity ring-down spectroscopy.
Self-Cleaning of Femtosecond-Pulsed Beams in the Anomalous Dispersion Regime
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Pourbeyram Hamed , Wise Frank W.
Published: October 2020

Beam cleanup in multimode optical fiber is investigated with femtosecond pulses and anomalous dispersion. Beam cleaning is accompanied by dramatic temporal pulse compression.
Optical Thermalization via Kerr Nonlinearity in Spatiotemporal Pulse Propagation
Authors: Pourbeyram Hamed , Sidorenko Pavel , Wu Fan O. , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Wise Frank W.
Published: October 2020

We report observation of optical thermalization in ultrashort pulse propagation in the normal dispersion regime. Mode-resolved measurements provide direct evidence of thermalization of mode occupancies via the Kerr nonlinearity in a multimode fiber.
Spectral Distributions of Chirped Pulsed Four-Wave Mixing in a Photonic Crystal Fiber Measured by Dispersive Fourier Transform Method
Authors: Fourcade-Dutin Coralie , Robert Paul , Dauliat Romain , Jamier Raphael , Munõz-Marco Hector , Pérez-Millan Pere , Dudley John M. , Maillotte Hervé , Roy Philippe , Bigourd Damien
Published: October 2020

Spectral correlation of four wave mixing has been investigated when a chirped pulse pump is injected in a photonic crystal fiber. The dispersive Fourier transform method was used to record single shot spectra and to measure the spectral correlation between the signal and idler components. We show that this method can determine the origin of the FWM in the pump spectrum.
Threshold conditions for resonant Kerr self-focusing in plasmonic nano-colloids
Authors: Agiotis Leonidas , Meunier Michel
Published: October 2020

A parametric investigation is conducted to determine favored threshold conditions for self-focusing under resonant interactions in different plasmonic nano-colloids. The theory predicts lower threshold intensities for anisotropic particles.
Electronic and electron-lattice properties of the nonlinear chalcopyrite crystal CdGeP2
Authors: Sooriyagoda Rishmali , Piyathilaka Herath P. , Zawilski Kevin T. , Schunemann Peter G. , Bristow Alan D.
Published: October 2020

CdGeP2 represents a broad class of nonlinear and optoelectronic materials whose growth can be improved through characterization by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We determine THz refraction, absorption, electron-phonon coupling, carrier mobility and scattering mechanisms.
Distributed Kerr-Lens Mode-Locking in a Fiber Laser
Authors: Kalashnikov Vladimir L. , Wabnitz Stefan
Published: October 2020

We introduce the concept of distributed Kerr-lens mode-locking in GRIN fiber lasers. Our analysis demonstrates that proper control of spectral and spatial graded dissipation results in the self-emergence of stable dissipative solitons.
Dissecting the Mechanisms of Spatiotemporal Mode-Locking
Authors: Wright Logan G. , Sidorenko Pavel , Pourbeyram Hamed , Ziegler Zachary M. , Isichenko Andrei , Malomed Boris A. , Menyuk Curtis R. , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Wise Frank W.
Published: October 2020

We uncover the mechanisms behind a range of new 3D solitons in multimode lasers using an approach called attractor dissection. Experimental measurements allow us to decompose multimode states containing up to 30 million locked modes.
Evolution of the Third-Harmonic X-Waves Generated by Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Air
Authors: Tamuliené V. , Juškevičiūt G. , Buožius D. , Vaičaitis V. , Babushkin I. , Morgner U.
Published: October 2020

The evolution of the X-waves in the tightly focused light filament and its third-harmonic in air is examined numerically. The X-wave group velocity was obtained both theoretically and experimentally.
Infinitely Many Multipulse Solitons in a waveguide with quartic dispersion
Authors: Bandara Ravindra , Giraldo Andrus , Krauskopf Bernd , Broderick Neil G. R.
Published: October 2020

We show that there exist infinitely many soliton solutions to the Generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) in the presence of both quadratic and quartic dispersions.
Spontaneously lasing states switching in ultrafast fiber laser
Authors: Du Yueqing , Sergeyev Sergey V. , Xu Zuowei , Han Mengmeng , Shu Xuewen , Turitsyn Sergei K.
Published: October 2020

By the dispersive Fourier transform, we found a new state between the continuous-wave and mode-locking in a fiber laser. We revealed the real-time spectral evolution of the lasing state switching processes.
Photonic twisted bilayer graphene superlattices in photorefractive media
Authors: Hanafi Haissam , Rüschenbaum Matthias , Zannotti Alessandro , Denz Cornelia
Published: October 2020

We fabricate photonic twisted bilayer graphene superlattices by nonlinear induction using complex light. Exciting a single set of Dirac points reveals chiral light with rotating intensity spirals in the vicinity of the magic angle.
Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene, Probably the Most Nonlinear Material We Know
Authors: Turchinovich Dmitry
Published: October 2020

The interaction of graphene with THz electromagnetic waves is dominated by the collective, thermodynamic response of conduction electrons in graphene to the THz excitation. This leads to extremely efficient THz saturable absorption and high-harmonics generation in graphene.
Observation of Self-Modulation Oscillations in Vortex Laser Formed by Coherent Superposion of Off-axis Traveling Waves
Authors: Lin Yuan-Yao , Hsieh Cheng-Yu
Published: October 2020

Self-modulation oscillations were observed in a vortex laser formed by super-position of off-axis resonating traveling waves. Up to 4 harmonics over 30dB were meas-ured when it is enhanced by pump power dependent relaxation oscillations.
Degenerate four-wave mixing in photonic crystal resonators
Authors: Black Jennifer A. , Yu Su-Peng , Papp Scott B.
Published: October 2020

We investigate degenerate four-wave mixing in ring resonators, modified by a photonic-crystal nanostructure to arbitrarily control nonlinear phase-matching. We demonstrate efficient and broadband optical parametric oscillation, laser-wavelength translation, and parametric amplification.