bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging big data for pattern recognition of socio-demographic and climatic factors in correlation with eye disorders in Telangana State, India
Authors: Alalawi Amna , Sztandera Les , Lalakia Parth , Das Anthony Vipin , Gumpili Sai Prashanthi , Derman Richard
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Big data is the new gold, especially in health care. Advances in collecting and processing electronic medical records (EMR) coupled with increasing computer capabilities have resulted in an increased interest in the use of big data in health care. Ophthalmology has been an area of focus where results have shown to be promising. The objective of this study was to determine whether the EMR at a multi-tier ophthalmology network in India can contribute to the management of patient care, through studying how climatic and socio-demographic factors relate to eye disorders and visual impairment in the State of Telangana.

Methods:

The study was designed by merging a dataset obtained from the Telangana State Development Society to an existing EMR of approximately 1 million patients, who presented themselves with different eye symptoms and diagnosed with several diseases from the years (2011–2019). The dataset obtained included weather and climatic variables to be tested alongside eye disorders. AI creative featuring techniques have been used to narrow down the variables most affected by climatic and demographic factors, with the application of the Cynefin Framework as a guide to simplify and structure the dataset for analysis.

Results:

Our findings revealed a high presence of cataract in the state of Telangana, mostly in rural areas and throughout the different weather seasons in India. Males tend to be the most affected as per the number of visits to the clinic, while home makers make the most visit to the hospital, in addition to employees, students, and laborers. While cataract is most dominant in the older age population, diseases such as astigmatism, conjunctivitis, and emmetropia, are more present in the younger age population.

Conclusion:

The study appeared useful for taking preventive measures in the future to manage the treatment of patients who present themselves with eye disorders in Telangana. The use of clinical big datasets helps to identify the burden of ocular disorders in the population. The overlaying of meteorological data on the clinical presentation of patients from a geographic region lends insight into the complex interaction of environmental factors on the prevalence of ocular disorders in them.
Impact of the use of digital devices on eyes during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Usgaonkar Ugam , Parkar Simran Rajan Shet , Shetty Aksha
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to observe pattern of digital device use and the various ocular, visual and systemic symptoms associated with them during the lockdown period of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:

Two hundred and thirty-three volunteers were included in web-based open e-survey. The survey was designed on the ‘Survey Monkey’ website and distributed through social media platform. The information was collected regarding hours and numbers of digital devices along with numbers of digital activities carried out during the pandemic. A pretested symptom questionnaire was also included regarding ocular, visual and systemic symptoms before and during lockdown. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package of Social Science software.

Results:

During the pandemic, most of the respondents were engaged in more than two digital activities (73.81%) over more than two digital devices (48.50%) for more than six days (65.66%). Maximum respondents were mobile users (97.85%) spending major time on social media (89.70%). Symptoms including watering eyes (P = 0.000), dry eyes (P = 0.000), shoulder pain (P = 0.020), back pain (P = 0.003) and headache (P = 0.043) showed positive correlation with hours of digital device use per day during lockdown, while itching eyes (P = 0.036) and pain behind eyes (P = 0.025) were the major symptoms in those engaged in a greater number of digital activities. Moreover, red eyes (P = 0.040) were more prominent in respondents using multiple devices for a greater number of hours.

Conclusion:

A big jump in digital activities on multiple digital devices was seen during lockdown which are more prone to ocular symptoms. Acceleration of ocular and systemic symptoms was particular with rise in time spending on digital devices.
The association of frontal recess anatomy and mucosal disease on the presence of chronic frontal sinusitis: a computed tomographic analysis
Authors: Lai W.-S. , Yang P.-L. , Lee C.-H. , Lin Y.-Y. , Chu Y.-H. , Wang C.-H. , Wang H.W. , Shih C.-P.
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The frontal sinus has the most complex and variable drainage routes of all paranasal sinus regions. The goal of this study was to identify these anatomical factors and inflammation areas relating to chronic frontal sinusitis by comparing radiological presentations in patients with and without frontal sinusitis. Methods: All adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who had received computed tomography (CT) scans of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses between October 2010 and September 2011. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the distribution of various frontal recess cells and surrounding inflammatory conditions in patients with and without frontal sinusitis. Results: Analysis of 240 sides of CT scans was performed with 66 sides excluded. The opacification of the frontal recess and sinus lateralis demonstrated a strong association with an increased presence of frontal sinusitis by multiple logistic regression models. Conclusion: Opacification of the frontal recess and sinus lateralis was found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of frontal sinusitis and developing severe blockage of drainage pathways. It provides evidence that mucosal inflammation disease in these two areas is a very important factor leading to chronic frontal sinusitis.
Nasal peak inspiratory flow (NPIF) as a diagnostic tool for differentiating decongestable from structural nasal obstruction
Authors: Chin D. , Marcells G. , Malek J. , Pratt E. , Sacks R. , Snidvongs K. , Harvey R.
Published: June 2021

Background: Identifying the cause of nasal obstruction is critical before surgical intervention. Structural nasal obstruction, due to nasal valve stenosis, is unlikely to benefit from simple septoplasty and turbinate reduction. This study assesses changes in nasal peak inspiratory flow (NPIF) as a tool for discriminating decongestable versus structural obstruction. Methodology: Cross-sectional study of patients undergoing nasal airflow assessment was performed. Rhinomanometry, nasal obstruction visual analogue scores (VAS) and NPIF were performed pre- and post-decongestion. Population groups were defined with decongestable or structural obstruction by relative post-decongestion changes in airways resistance and symptoms. Results: Fifty two patients were assessed, 24 with decongestable, 28 with structural obstruction. Pre- and post-decongestion NPIF were similar between groups. Absolute and percentage NPIF change were larger with decongestable versus structural obstruction. Sensitivity and specificity for predicting decongestable obstruction were 75.0% and 60.7% for NPIF increase >20 L/min; 75.0% and 64.3% for NPIF increase >20%. The respective positive predictive values were 62.1% and 64.3%. Conclusion: NPIF increase after decongestion is larger with decongestable than structural nasal obstruction. NPIF alone cannot discriminate the two conditions and does not replace more formal assessment.
Nasal septal body and inferior turbinate sizes differ in subjects grouped by sex and age
Authors: San T. , Muluk N.B. , Saylisoy S. , Acar M. , Cingi C.
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To compare the size of the nasal septal body (SB) and inferior turbinate (IT) of subjects grouped by sex and age. Method: We measured SB and IT areas (in cm2) bilaterally in computed tomography (CT) sections of 150 para nasal sinuses from 72 males and 78 females. Results: The right and left SB areas were smaller in females than in males. In the s25-year-old group, the right IT (RIT) was significantly smaller in females than in males. In the 26-35 and 46-45 age groups, the right SB (RSB) was significantly smaller in females than in males. Conclusion: The nasal SB may play a role in nasal physiology similar to a turbinate and help support optimal airflow. The vascular and glandular structures of the SB should be investigated in detail, and minimal invasive procedures should be performed in nasal surgery to avoid damaging essential structures.
Multiple causes for rhinolithiasis
Authors: Send T. , Jakob M. , Eichhorn K.W.G.
Published: June 2021

Background: Rhinoliths are rare affections of the main nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. Initially, as a result of their low incidence, they are often incorrectly classified as calcified tumors in clinical examination. Methodology: We have identified three cases in our patient population and evaluated the clinical symptoms as well as the pathological findings and the causes of the disease. Results: Due to their extension and the respective clinical pattern, all masses were surgically removed under endotracheal anesthesia. The histopathological findings comprised an ectopic tooth, a vegetable (most likely a leaf from the garden) as well as a textile foreign body (probably of iatrogenic origin). Conclusion: Undiscovered foreign bodies of the main nasal cavity are a common cause for the formation of rhinoliths. We have also displayed the respective incidence and the therapeutic options.
Mono-allergic and poly-allergic rhinitis patients have comparable numbers of mucosal Foxp3+CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Muller B. , Reinartz S.M. , van Egmond D. , de Groot E.J.J. , Fokkens W.J. , van Drunen C.M.
Published: June 2021

Background: We previously found that allergic rhinitis patients with an isolated pollen sensitization responded more strongly to a nasal provocation with grass pollen (GP) than patients who had an additional house dust mite (HDM) sensitization. To elucidate this phenomenon, we investigated the dynamics of Foxp3+CD4+ T lymphocytes in allergic rhinitis patients with distinct allergen sensitizations. Methods: Three groups of allergic rhinitis patients with skin prick test confirmed allergic sensitizations were investigated and compared to 14 healthy controls: 14 subjects with an isolated grass pollen sensitization (Mono-GP); 9 subjects with isolated housedust mite sensitization (Mono-HDM); 29 subjects with grass pollen and house dust mite sensitization (poly-sensitized). Subjects in the Mono-GP group were challenged with grass pollen extract, subjects in the Mono-HDM group were challenged with house dust mite extract, subjects in the poly-sensitized group and the healthy controls were randomly challenged with either grass pollen or house dust mite. Nasal biopsies were taken before and after nasal provocation. We compared the distribution of FoxP3+CD4+ cells in nasal biopsies before and after nasal provocation using immunohistochemistry. Results: There was no difference in the number of FoxP3+CD4+ cells between healthy and the three allergic groups at baseline.Nasal provocation did result in an increase in eosinophils in the three allergic groups, but did not result in a change in the number of FoxP3+CD4+ cells in any of the groups or induced differences between any of the groups. Conclusion: Clinical differences in the response between mono-GP and multiple-sensitized allergic individuals are not related to differences in the number of regulatory T cells in the nasal mucosa.
Nasal response in patients with diisocyanate asthma
Authors: Sastre Joaquin , Poltronieri Anna , Mahillo-Fernandez Ignacio , Aguado Erika , Garcia del Potro Manuela , Fernandez-Nieto Mar
Published: June 2021

Background: To date, no studies have assessed nasal and bronchial response to diisocyanates during specific inhalation challenges (SIC). Objectives: This study was performed to assess nasal response during SIC with diisocyanates (nasal and oral breathing) in patients with suspected occupational asthma due to these agents. Methods: Fourteen patients with suspected clinical history of diisocyanate-induced asthma were challenged with diisocynates in a 7m3 chamber. Nasal response testing during challenges was assessed by acoustic rhinometry, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), and visual analog scale (VAS), alongside bronchial responses. Results: Eleven patients had a significant asthmatic response to diisocyanates. None reported clear work-related nasal symptoms. In patients with positive bronchial response to diisocyanates, nasal mean minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) decreased by 26.9%, nasal volume at 5 cm decreased by 33.5%, and PNIF decreased by 28.3%, all from baseline. A positive nasal response was elicited in 45%, 54%, and 45% of patients, respectively. A significant increase in VAS was observed in 4 patients. Three patients with negative bronchial response had a negative nasal response. Conclusion: SIC revealed an objective nasal response in around 50% of patients with occupational asthma due to diisocyanates, in spite of the fact that none of them reported work-related nasal symptoms. The clinical significance of this finding is a poor association between nasal symptoms at work and an objective nasal response during positive SIC with diisocyanates.
Predictive value of disease severity on self-reported rating and quantitative measures of olfactory function outcomes after primary endoscopic sinus surgery. A prospective study
Authors: Minwegen Friederike , Thomas Jan P. , Bernal-Sprekelsen Manuel , Dazert Stefan , Minovi Amir
Published: June 2021

Background: This prospective study investigates the influence of primary Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) on olfactory function and on the patients' quality of life. We assess the role of preoperative disease severity measured by computed tomography (CT) scan in predicting outcome. Methodology: Adults undergoing ESS were examined preoperatively (n=92) and five months postoperatively. Coronal CT scans were evaluated referencing the Lund Mackay (LM) system. On the basis of the LM score, the collective was divided into two groups. We performed the olfactory test "Sniffin' Sticks" and handed out the specific health-related quality of life questionnaire SNOT-20. Results: We could demonstrate that olfactory function of patients with strong opacification on CT scans improved by an average of 2.49 points more than olfactory function of patients with less severe disease. In terms of the self-reported rating of smell, the degree of amelioration differed significantly. Both groups showed an improvement in quality of life irrespective of severity of disease. Conclusion: Mean olfactory function of patients with a high degree of disease in CT scan improved more than that of patients with less opacification on CT scan. Patient's subjective perception of smell impairment was in line with these findings.
Assessing portfolio and asset returns of some financial and non- financial companies on the Ghana stock exchange using a 3-factor model
Authors: Ogbogbo C.P. , Anokye-Turkson N.
Published: June 2021

This study on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE), investigated, if the overall size of the market, affects the fundamentals of the Fama French 3-Factor model, and to ascertain if the Fama French model can be used effectively to assess portfolio and assets return for companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. In this paper, portfolios of assets of companies on the Ghana Stock Exchange are constructed and analyzed using the Fama-French 3-factor model. The empirical data which consists of assets of 15 companies listed on the GSE, including assets of both financial and non-financial companies for good representation of the Ghana Stock Exchange. We found that the basic principle of the model is not satisfied. This is attributed to a number of factors which include overall size of the market, volume of trade, and high leverage (more debt than equity) associated with financial firms. High debt/equity ratio is linked to high risk.

Keywords: Market Capitalization, Book-to-market ratio, Portfolio, Small minus big, High minus low
Elimination de polluants des déchets liquides d’une unité de production de sucre par des argiles naturelles de Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kedi Atolé Brice Bienvenu , Kouassi Seka Simplice , Coulibaly Vamoussa , Sei Joseph
Published: June 2021

L’impact des déchets liquides industriels sur l’environnement demeure une réalité et une menace pour la qualité des eaux souterraines et de surfaces. Parmi les méthodes de dépollution existantes, l’adsorption des polluants par les argiles naturelles reste une méthode moins couteuse, disponible et facilement utilisable. La plupart des études sur l’aptitude des argiles à éliminer les polluants est faite avec des déchets liquides artificiels dont les concentrations sont maitrisées. L’objectif de cette étude était d’éliminer les polluants dans les déchets liquides d’une unité industrielle agronomique (UIA) de production de sucre par deux argiles naturelles de Côte d’Ivoire. Trois sources de déchets liquides provenant des activités de laboratoire d’analyse des sols, de jus de canne et de canne à sucre de l’UIA. Le traitement aux argiles a montré des taux d’élimination à divers degrés des polluants. Les paramètres suivants ont été mesuré avant et après le traitement aux argiles : pH, conductivité, turbidité, phosphore total, azote total, cuivre, zinc, plomb et mercure. L’argile de Katiola présente des aptitudes plus élevées à éliminer les polluants, comparée à l’argile d’Anyama. Cette étude confirme l’intérêt de l’utilisation des argiles pour la dépollution.Mots clés : Eaux usées, métaux lourds, pollution, argiles, adsorption.

 

English title: Removal of liquid waste pollutants from a sugar production unit using natural clays from Côte d'IvoireThe impact of industrial liquid waste on the environment remains a reality and a threat to groundwater and surface water quality. Among the existing depollution methods, the pollutants adsorption on natural clays remains a less expensive, available and easily usable method. Most studies on the ability of clays to remove pollutants are done with artificial liquid wastes whose concentrations are controlled. The objective of this study was to eliminate the pollutants in the liquid waste of an industrial agronomic sugar production unit using two natural clays from Côte d'Ivoire. Three sources of liquid wastes from the UIA's analysis laboratory activities. Treatment with clays showed varying degrees of removal of pollutants. The following parameters were measured before and after the clay treatment: pH, conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, copper, zinc, lead and mercury. The values of these parameters are compared to the national standard. Katiola clay exhibits higher abilities to remove pollutants compared to Anyama clay. This study confirms the value of using clays for depollution.Keywords: Wastewater, heavy metals, pollution, clays, adsorption.
Application of Markov Chain Model and ArcGIS in Land Use Projection of Ala River Catchment, Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Adegbola P.A. , Adewumi J.R. , Obiora-Okeke O.A.
Published: June 2021

Increase land use change is one of the consequences of rapid population growth of cities in developing countries with its negative consequences on the environment. This study generates previous and present land use of Ala watershed and project the future land use using Markov chain model and ArcGIS software (version 10.2.1). Landsat 7, Enhanced Thematic mapper plus (ETM+) image and Landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI) with path 190 and row 2 used to generate land use (LU) and land cover (LC) images for the years 2000, 2010 and 2019. Six LU/LC classes were considered as follows: developed area (DA), open soil (OS), grass surface (GS), light forest (LF), wetland (WL) and hard rock (HR). Markov chain analysis was used in predicting LU/LC types in the watershed for the years 2029 and 2039. The veracity of the model was tested with Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency index (NSE) and Percent Bias methods. The model results show that the study area is growing rapidly particularly in the recent time. This urban expansion results in significant decrease of WL coverage areas and the significant increase of DA. This implies reduction in the available land for dry season farming and incessant flood occurrence.

Keywords: Land cover, land use change, Markov chain, ArcGIS, watershed, urbanization
Further observations and implications of Oil Palm Elaesis guineensis fruit consumption by Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus in coastal Gambia.
Authors: Barlow Clive R.
Published: June 2021

No Abstarct
Turismo en Áreas Naturales Protegidas: una discusión sobre su pertinencia
Authors: González Rosales Virginia Margarita , López Torres Virginia Guadalupe
Published: June 2021

Las áreas naturales protegidas son herramientas para conservar y restaurar ecosistemas; por lo cual, la sustentabilidad es el fundamento para su formación. En la actualidad, se evidencia un incremento de su empleo para emprender actividades turísticas; en ocasiones, sin una planeación y evaluación de su factibilidad. A partir de esta tesis, el presente trabajo persiguió reflexionar sobre la pertinencia del turismo en áreas naturales protegidas. La discusión giró en torno a si un sitio protegido está hecho para tolerar la visitación o para permitir la interacción natural de los organismos y, con ello, favorecer la verdadera conservación. En este sentido, la investigación documental ilustró experiencias donde el turismo se ejerció en dichas zonas, y cuyos impactos sirvieron para evaluar la viabilidad de esa praxis. Con base en la revisión de la literatura, se concluye que la transformación de un área natural protegida en sitio turístico no puede ni debe generalizarse. Cada sitio de forma particular debe ser estudiado; determinándose, desde la sustentabilidad, bajo qué condiciones podría ser posible su transformación.
The Age for Surveillance Capitalism. The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power de Shoshana Zuboff
Authors: Buoncompagni Giacomo
Published: June 2021

Reseña The Age for Surveillance Capitalism. The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power de Shoshana Zuboff
Participación y acción conectiva en novísimos movimientos sociales: el caso del #yosoy132 y el 15M
Authors: Lugo Sánchez Luis Josué
Published: June 2021

A partir de un trabajo teórico y matrices categoriales cualitativas, el presente trabajo realiza un análisis comparado entre el #YoSoy132 y el 15M como novísimos movimientos sociales; entendiéndolos en el marco de la globalización y estableciendo sus formas de acción colectiva, acciones conectivas, formas de participación, así como los resultados dentro de sus respectivos sistemas sociales, políticos y culturales.
La caracterización tecnopolítica de los movimientos sociales en red
Authors: Peña-Ascacíbar Gonzalo
Published: June 2021

En la presente comunicación se analiza la transformación que ha supuesto la extensión de la comunicación móvil y la apropiación tecnopolítica de las redes sociales digitales respecto a la movilización. Mediante la observación histórica de la evolución en los últimos años de los modos de activismo así como sus potencialidades y límites, se expondrá cómo las multitudes ciudadanas conectadas en red se componen de una anatomía híbrida, física y virtual, en la que las identidades colectivas y la centralidad de las redes digitales son elementos constitutivos de nuevas formas de organización, comunicación y acción. Ello implicará una redefinición de la participación y la socialización en el seno de los movimientos sociales, cuyas características y estructura nodal nos permitirán identificar un patrón común como actores construidos en red.
Guerra psicológica recargada: cibersanciones, Venezuela y geopolítica
Authors: Romano Silvina M.
Published: June 2021

En este texto abordaremos la dimensión geopolítica de las sanciones económicas como herramienta clave de la política exterior estadounidense en el marco de una guerra psicológica de amplio espectro muy ligada a las capacidades y posibilidades de reproducción del neoliberalismo. Como casos emblemáticos, tomaremos las sanciones económicas a Venezuela y a las actividades cibernéticas maliciosas, argumentando que a pesar de la aparente desconexión entre ambos ejemplos están unidos por intereses geopolíticos (geoestratégicos) que forman parte esencial de una definición de “seguridad nacional” planteada por el establishment de política exterior de EEUU (sector privado y público) que prevalece al menos desde el inicio de la Guerra Fría hasta la actualidad, cuyos intereses materiales son garantizados por la reproducción de una ideología que legitima y naturaliza este modo de pensar/ hacer la seguridad a nivel nacional y especialmente en el plano internacional; proceso en el que el rol de los medios masivos hegemónicos (junto con el de internet y redes sociales) se revela fundamental e imprescindible
Digital Currency and Novelties in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: Topical Issues
Authors: MOCHALKINA IRINA S.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: the article analyzes the concept and legal nature of digital currency and certainnoveltiesrelated to digital currency, which were put forward in the last few years so as to be introduced in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Aims: to study and summarize legislative initiatives related to digital currency; to define the concept and essence of digital currency; to establish its place in the civil rights system; to analyze the possibility of recognizing digital currency as an object and (or) a means of committing crimes. Methods: historical, comparative-legal, empirical methods of description and interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; legal-dogmatic method, and interpretation of legal norms. Results: having analyzed the development of Russian legislation regulating the legal status of new digital objects of economic relations we see that the features that make up the general concept of digital currency do not allow us to determine the range of objects that fit this legislative definition; moreover, these features do not allow us to define digital currency as an object of civil rights and identify which operations and transactions with it are legal. Due to the above, it is impossible to establish criminal liability for committing acts involving digital currency. Conclusions: we have revealed certain tendencies toward legalization of digital currency on the one hand, and prevention of its use for payment for goods and services, including the imposition of criminal-legal prohibitions, on the other hand. The concept of digital currency needs to be revised: its definition should not contain a reference to the operator and the nodes of the information system. The most correct solution seems to be the introduction of the concept of cryptocurrency to denote a decentralized means of expressing value; as for digital currency, it should be understood as centralized funds, for example the digital ruble. Digital currency must be recognized as an object of civil rights, being classified as other property. This will help to minimize the difficulties in recognizing it as a subject or means of crime and introduce socially determined prohibitions into the criminal law.
Keywords: digital currency; digital rights; cryptocurrency; amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; novelties in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; crimes against property; crimes in the field of economic activity; theft
Rapid Evidence Review 1 on the Critical Appraisal of Third-Party Evidence
Authors: Thomas Sandy , Gregory Peter , O’Brien Sarah , McCallion Catriona , Goodall Ben , Chan Chun-Han , Nunn Paul
Published: June 2021

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) always seeks to ensure that itsrecommendations are made on the best-available evidence. Following a request from the FSA Chair, the Science Council have sought to provide a framework that can guide those seeking to submit uncommissioned evidence to the FSA on its scientific principles and standards.The Science Councils proposed framework is based on the principles of quality, trustand robustness. By being transparent about the FSA’s minimal expectations, we aim to help those who wish to submit evidence, typically in an effort to fill a perceived evidence gap orchange a relevant policy or legislation. The framework also seeks to provides assurance to others on the processes in place within the FSA to assess evidence it receives.When the FSA receives evidence, it will: be transparent about how the evidence is assessed and used to develop its evidence base, policy recommendations and risk communication; assess evidence in its proper context using the principles of quality, trust and robustness; seek to minimise bias in its assessments of evidence by using professional protocols, its SACs, peer review and/or multi-disciplinary teams be open and transparent about the conclusions it has reached about any evidence submitted to it.
Como los Emprendedores Jóvenes Reaccionan ante la Pandemia del Covid-19 Y se Insertan al Mundo Tecnológico
Authors: Avila Pavon Anmy Berenice
Published: June 2021

Muchos jóvenes emprendedores se enfrentaron a problemas con su negocio como: la reducción de la clientela que tenían, reducción de ventas y la aplicación en Honduras de la ley de restricción de salida. A todo esto, se sumó la restricción del transporte público, y los despidos masivos que redujeron la capacidad adquisitiva.

Todo ello obligó de forma imperceptible a que los jóvenes migraran de una forma física de ventas a una virtual. Algunos jóvenes emprendedores convirtieron su negocio físico en un negocio digital, usando las redes sociales para poder tener una mejor comunicación con el cliente y también para dar mayor publicidad y venta a sus productos.

Se utilizó un método cuantitativo, aplicando una encuesta en línea, evidenciándose que el 92,7 de emprendedores eran jóvenes universitarios entre 18 a 25 años de edad, de los cuales 73% tuvieron conflictos en sus negocios, debiendo migrar a una forma digital de comercio.
Beta Thalassemia Major with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Authors: Mhaske Dr. Sneha , Shinde Dr. Abhijit , Dr. Sonal Shinde  , Dr. Ramesh Kothari  , Dr. Ganesh Misal  , Dr. Sushruta Kumar  , Mhaske Prof. Dr. Sunil Natha
Published: June 2021

Thalassemia results from defects in normal hemoglobin production, and represents the most common inherited anemia worldwide. Diabetes is a complication of b-thalassemia major. We report a case of Diabetes mellitus in a known case of beta thalassemia major. Patient had undergone Splenectomy 1 year back. Patient is taking chelating agent Defasirox 1000mg orally once a day in the morning. Family history reveals, born through third degree consanguineous marri age. The patient was then subjected for laboratory examination reveals BSL was high, urine ketone 2+,urine sugar 3+, ABG was normal, HbA1c was 13 & 3 month old report of  serum ferritin 1200 ng/dl. Multidisciplinary management was instituted. Blood sugar level got controlled over subcutaneous insulin. Patient may have landed in Diabetic ketoacidosis but was promptly diagnosed & treated. This case is presented for its rarity. As the life expectancy of patients with thalassaemia increases, this will also expose our patients potentially to many more years of hyperglycaemia and diabetes. Sustaining metabolic control and controlling cardiovascular risk factors will be critical in the future for preventing complications due to diabetes.
HİTİTLERİN BATI KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ’NDE YAŞAYAN KOMŞULARI HAKKINDA YENİ BULGULAR
Authors: EKMEN Gülden , EKMEN Hamza , SEÇER Sezer
Published: June 2021

Batı Karadeniz kıyısında bulunan İnönü Mağarası’nda yürütülen araştırmalarda, III. tabakaya ait ahşap tabanlar açığa çıkarılmıştır. Bu tabanlar üzerinde metalden yapılmış çok sayıda alet, süs eşyası ve silah ele geçmiştir. Yine aynı kontekste, iyi korunmuş bir adet tunç boğa heykelciği ve bir adet pişmiş toprak heykelcik bulunmuştur. Heykelcik başı, stil olarak Hitit tasvir sanatından tanınan insan tasvirleri ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Buluntuların ele geçtiği ahşap tabanların her birinden alınan karbon örnekleri de Kal. M.Ö. 1431-1285 ile Kal. MÖ 1295-1123 aralığını vermiştir. Bu bağlamda Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde önceki yıllarda tesadüfen ele geçen Geç Tunç Çağı’na ait bazı tekil bulgulara ek olarak, ilk kez sistemli kazılarla, tanımlı tabakalarda bulgular elde edilmiştir. Söz konusu bulguların Hitit kentlerinde ele geçen örnekler ile yakın benzerlik göstermesi, Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin Hitit Ülkesi ile uzun yıllardır sorgulanan ilişkisi hakkında ipuçları sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu bulgular arkeolojik açıdan kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, Hitit belgelerinde adından sıkça söz edilen ve bazı araştırmacılar tarafından Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi ile ilişkilendirilen Kaşkalar ve Pala-Tum(m)ana eyaletlerinin bölgedeki olası lokalizasyonları tartışılmıştır.
HZ. PEYGAMBER DÖNEMİNDEKİ SERİYYELERE PSİKOSOSYOTARİH (PST)AÇISINDAN BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: KARAN Cuma
Published: June 2021

Hz. Peygamber döneminde “seriyye” denilen, farklı amaçlarla kendisinin katılmayıp ancak organize ettiği birliklerin sayısı, ismi ve amaçları farklı olmuştur. Bazen yer, bazen de başında bulunan komutan adıyla adlandırılmış olduğundan bu seriyyeler farklı sayı ve farklı adlarla kaynaklarımızda yer almışlardır. Psikososyotarih (PST) açısından bu seriyyeler kendi döneminde önemli işlevler yerine getirmiştir. Medine dönemiyle başlayan bu seriyyelere Bedir harbine kadar sadece Muhacir Müslümanlar katılıyordu. Hz. Peygamberin dönemindeki bu seriyyelerin çok değişik hedefleri olmuştur. İstihbarat toplamak, civar kabilelere Müslümanların güçlü olduğunu hissettirmek, putperest kabilelerin Müslümanların aleyhinde birleşmelerini engellemek, Mekkelilerin ticaret kervanlarını dolayısıyla ticaretlerini tehdit etmek, bazen de ıslahında ümit kalmamış bazı zararlı şahısları etkisiz hale getirmek bu seriyyelerin amaçlarından bazılarıdır. Bu seriyyeleri Hz. Peygamber adeta bir askeri akademi işleviyle farklı komutanlar atayarak Müslümanları askeri anlamda komuta kademesini yetiştiriyordu. Yine yeni Müslüman olmuş, düne kadar birbirlerine belki de düşman olan kabile mensuplarının Müslüman olduktan sonra aynı seriyyede yer alarak farklı komutanların idaresinde birbirlerine itaate alışmalarını hedeflemiştir.
Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Selected Risk Factors of CHD, Among People Aged 30-64 Years in the District of Gampaha, Sri Lanka
Authors:   Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka, Liyanapathirana Athula
Published: June 2021

Background- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of hospital deaths in Sri Lanka. The underlying risk factors include; tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, harmful alcohol use, physical inactivity, and medical conditions; hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidaemia. Objective of this study was to determine prevalence of CHD and risk factors among people aged 30-64 in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka. Methods- A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1192 people aged 30-64 years in district of Gampaha, recruited by probability proportionate to the population size, cluster sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire on prevalence of CHD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, obesity, harmful alcohol use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco smoking and anthropometric measurements by trained data collectors. Twelve-lead ECG, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels were done for previously undiagnosed. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21. Results- The estimated prevalence of CHD based on already diagnosed cases and Rose positive angina 6.9% (95% CI 5.4% – 8.4%), CHD based on already diagnosed cases and ECG 6.4 (95% CI 4.9% – 7.8%), hypertension 37.5% (95% CI 34.7% to 40.3%), diabetes mellitus 17.4% (95% CI 15.2% to 19.6%), dyslipidaemia 66.5% (95% CI 63.8% – 69.2%). The estimated prevalence of other modifiable risk factors of generalized obesity (BMI≥25.0) (44.0%, 95%CI41.1-46.9), sub-optimal quality diet (71.9%, 95%CI 69.3-74.5), low level of physical activity (21.7%, 95%CI 19.3-24.1), heavy or high-risk drinking 11.4% (95%CI 9.56-13.2), smoking 14.2% (95%CI 12.2-16.2). Conclusions- Estimated prevalence of CHD and selected risk factors were high in Gampaha District with a large proportion of previously undiagnosed disease. Immediate public health action is needed including training programs for healthcare workers on detection of risk factors and awareness among the public for screening for risk factors.
Leadership of a High Performance Department
Authors: Smith Jed
Published: June 2021

In a service profession, such as the field of strength and conditioning, in the management of the athlete as well as the administration of the high performance sport development staff, servant leadership is necessary to effectively motivate performance through the wearisome day to day work load, which is of utmost importance for executing short term tasks, mid-range goals and in long-term mission completion.  Dierendonck (2011), describes servant leadership as displayed in the empowerment and the development of people, conveyed by authentically providing direction, demonstrating stewardship with the act of taking care of your staff and the organization, by being humble with the understanding that no work within the organization is beneath you, and through interpersonal acceptance, established by taking ownership of anything that will eventually go wrong.  A servant leader understands there is reciprocity in the strong affiliation with individuals within the organization and builds the relationship through trust and fairness.
İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Yazılı Anlatım Becerileri ile Yazma Öz Yeterlik İnançlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜLLİ Gökmen , KUŞDEMİR Yasemin
Published: June 2021

İlkokul öğrencilerinin yazılı anlatım becerileri ile yazma öz yeterlik inanç düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılan bu araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline göre desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2594 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Evren üzerinde %99 güven düzeyi için esas alınarak tesadüfi örnekleme tekniğine göre 563 öğrenci araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma, Kırıkkale il merkezinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yazılı anlatım puanlarını belirlemek için Yazılı Anlatım Değerlendirme Formu; yazma öz yeterlik inancını belirlemek için Yazma Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında bahar döneminde toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı öğretmen ve öğrencilere açıklanmış, öğrenciler ders saatleri içinde sınıf ortamında veri toplama araçlarını cevaplamışlardır. Öğrenci cinsiyeti ve sınıf mevcudu değişken olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada ulaşılan bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, öğrencilerin yazılı anlatım puanlarının yüksek düzeyin orta düzeye yakın sınırında olduğu fark edilmiştir. İlkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin yazılı anlatım puanları cinsiyet değişkenine göre değerlendirildiğinde kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre daha başarılı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 563 ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencisinin yazma öz yeterlik inançlarının da yüksek düzeyde olduğu; yazma öz yeterlik inancı ile yazılı anlatım becerisi arasında düşük ve olumlu yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Öğrencilerin yazılı anlatım becerilerinin geliştirilmesi için yazılan metinler öğretmenler tarafından incelenmesi, yapılan hatalarla ilgili öğrencinin bilgilendirilmesi, düzeltme hususunda destek olunması gerekmektedir.
Kajian Teologis Terhadap Kebangkitan Yesus Kristus dan Relevansinya bagi Umat Kristen Masa Kini
Authors: Very Esap
Published: June 2021

Abstrak: Dalam makalah ini penulis hendak mengkaji secara teologis tentang makna kebangkitan Yesus Kristus. Hal ini dikarenakan bahwa tema kebangkitan Yesus Kristus menjadi urgen dalam iman Kristen itu sendiri. Dengan memahami makna daripada kebangkitan Yesus Kristus secara benar maka akan membawa iman Kristen semakin teguh bahwa dibalik kebangkitan Yesus Kristus ada nilai iman yang tiada taranya dalam Injil, sehingga ada spirit untuk terus memberitakan Kristus yang bangkit sebagai sentral pemberitaan dalam Injil. Maka dalam hal ini penulis akan menggunakan metode kualitatif atau kajian pustaka sehingga ditemukan makna dari kebangkitan Yesus itu sendiri secara teologis untuk diaplikasikan orang percaya masa kini.
Peran Jemaat Bagi Pertumbuhan Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis (GKE) Maranatha Topan
Authors: Kause Osias
Published: June 2021

Abstrak: Artikel ini mengulas masalah yang dialami di Gereja GKE Maranata Topan yang mengalami stagnan. Untuk itu penulis perlu mencari faktor-faktor yang menghambat pertumbuhan Gereja GKE Maranatha Topan. Metode penelitiaan yang digunakan penulis adalah metode wawancara dengan beberapa narasumber yang informasinya dapat dipercaya dan dipertanggungjawabkan sekaligus dengan metode kualitatif. Penulis juga pernah menjabat sebagai Ketua Resort di GKE Resort Nanga Tebidah selama sembilan tahun sehingga memahami secara benar kondisi dari jemaat tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jemaat adalah mitra Allah dalam memberikan pertumbuhan Gereja GKE Maranatha Topan. Perubahan harus dimulai dari spiritualitas, mentalitas lalu kemudian disusul dengan perubahan dalam praksis dalam pelayanan sehingga dengan demikian GKE Maranatha Topan mengalami pertumbuhan.
Assessment of Drug Utilisation Evaluation of Cephalosporins in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: P Parvathy Rajan , Mary Priscilla , Sherief Sheik Haja , T Sivakumar
Published: June 2021

Drug Use Analysis (DUR) or Drug Use Assessment (DUE) is known as an important quality management method for evaluating and
improving substance use and patient care. It is an ongoing, systematic method to examine the pattern of drug administration in a
number of clinical environments, with recommendations or defined criteria to facilitate the acceptable and efficient use of drugs. The
DUE can be organized for evaluation and to improve the method of prescribing or dispensing the medication according to acceptable
indications, dosage, drug reactions, therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness. The aim of this study to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of cephalosporins. A retrospective study was performed for a period of 2 months among the hospitalized patients who received cephalosporins for different indications in which 100 patients were enrolled. Inappropriate use of drug therapy has been
found in phase 1 (pre- intervention) and interventions have been conducted to rationalize the appropriate use of drugs in terms of indication, dose, dose length, individualized dosage modification, which has been strengthened in phase 2 by providing effective guidance on the application of DUE and interventions.
INFLUENCE OF PATIENT-RELATED FACTORS ASSOCIATED ON TB OUTCOMES AMONG TB PATIENTS IN MOMBASA COUNTY
Authors: Barako Godana , Karanja Simon , Udu Rahma
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine patient-related factors associated with TB outcomes among TB patients in Mombasa County.

Methodology: Study was conducted in Mombasa County which is one of the 47 counties in Kenya with an urban population of 1,063,854. The study used a cross-sectional research design. The study population was the total number of notified patients with tuberculosis in one quarter in the study area (Mombasa’s health care units) and this was found to be 1207 in the year 2017. It was from this population that a systematic random sample size of 292 patients were interviewed. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 Descriptive statistics frequency (%), mean, and standard deviation were used to express quantitative data. In bivariate analyses, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between TB treatment outcome and health related factors, institutional factors and patient related factors was done using logistic regression.

Results: The results revealed that patients who are educated about health are more likely to cure of TB than patients who are not (OR 1.716, 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.48). More so, patients who receive psychosocial support are more likely to get cured than those who don’t receive psychosocial support (OR 4.08, 95% CI, 2.00 to 8.32). The results of the study give evidence to, therefore, conclude patient related factors are critical to TB treatment outcome.  

Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Strengthening TB adherence counselling for patients treated for the first time to improve treatment completion. Counselling service should also be enhanced for patients taking alcohol and those smoking cigarettes as both are associated with less likelihood of completing TB treatment. Implementation of TB work place program through sensitization of company managers on the importance of TB treatment support to reduce chances of loss to follow as sighted by focused group discussions. Patients centred TB services should be provided by all facilities by focusing on the needs of the patients by agreeing on the best time to pick drugs to reduce the risk of loss to follow ups.
Comparative study of day 01 spica cast versus skin traction followed by spica cast for treatment of closed femoral shaft fracture in children
Authors: Ripon Kumar Das  , Md Johurul Hoque  , Md Emam Zamman  , Fakhrul Islam
Published: June 2021

Femoral shaft fractures are among the commonest fracture of lower extremity in children and commonly require hospital admission. There are various modalities of treatments both operative and non-operative. The aim of treatment is to secure union, in good alignment with length restored and early rehabilitation. objective of this study was to compare the results of day 1 spica cast and skin traction followed by spica cast in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children (6 months to 10 years). A total of 64 patients with fracture shaft femur of either sex aged 6 months – 10 years with closed , isolated diaphyseal femur fracture were included in this study. Case with clinical evidence of infection, pathological fractures and multiple injuries including neurovascular injuries were excluded from the study. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups, Group -1 ( n-32) patients who underwent early spica application while Group -2 ( n-32) patients underwent skin traction in followed by spica cast. Mean age in group A was 5.06 years and 5.12 years in group B (range 6 month – 10 years). Ratio of males and female in Group A and Group B was 19:13 and 20:12 respectively. Average duration of hospital stay was 1.65 days and 11.65 days in group A and group B respectively. Average total time of spica cast application was 45.13 days 49.41 days in group A and group B patients respectively. There were no significant differences between early and delayed spica regarding the complications of treatment and functional outcome. But immediate spica decreased the hospitalization time and the cost of treatment significantly with increased availability of beds while having similar result as achieved by delayed spica application.