bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Juvenile gigantomastia: Subcutaneous mastectomy with primary reconstruction
Authors: Ivic Jasmina , Dunjic Marija , Tamindzic Isidora , Kocevski Zivorad , Djordjevic Boban , Milev Bosko
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Gigantomastia is one of the most severe anomalies of the female breasts and is caused by their pathological enlargement. Juvenile gigantomastia (JG) of the breasts is a rare disease of an unknown etiology characterized by a sudden and alarmingly rapid, continued growth of the breasts in puberty. Case report. We present two patients with massive bilateral JG. Both patients had normal hormonal status and denied any other health issues, including a positive family history of gigantomastia. The skin overlying the breasts was red, without ulcerations, and with visibly enlarged superficial veins. The nipples were not well defined from the surrounding skin and were positioned below the level of the umbilicus. Patients were successfully treated with a surgical technique consisting of a bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy with the primary reconstruction of the breasts using polyurethane implants and reconstruction of the nipple by the free nipple graft technique. The histopathological reports from both patients? biopsy specimens presented diffuse hyperplasia of the glandular and stromal tissue. Both patients had excellent esthetic results with minimally visible postoperative scars. Conclusion. Surgical management of JG is the primary means of treatment. This paper presents significant results and effects of plastic surgery, and the applied surgical method can be recommended for the successful management of JG.
Dental and skeletal changes occurring after orthodontic-surgical treatment of mandibular prognathism
Authors: Cutovic Tatjana , Ilic Jana , Adamovic Tijana , Matijevic Stevo , Radojicic Julija , Stosic Srboljub
Published: April 2022

Background/Aim. Mandibular prognathism (MPG) is a severe form of facial and jaw deformity. This kind of anomaly usually requires combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the craniofacial complex after orthodontic-surgical treatment of patients with MPG by analyzing the cephalometric parameters on tele-radiography images before and after treatment. Methods. The study included a sample of 40 subjects (mean age 24.1 ? 4.1 years) who underwent orthodontic-surgical treatment of MPG. Vertical and sagittal parameters which characterize MPG were measured on profile teleradiography images before and 12 months after treatment. Based on the analysis of cephalometric parameters on preoperative and postoperative teleradiography images, dental and skeletal changes that occurred after treatment were determined. Results. After the end of the treatment, most of the parameter values that characterize MPG were significantly reduced. A drop in values was noted in the following parameters: SNB, SNPg, NS/SpP, NS/MP, SpP/MP, NSAr, ArGoMe, Bjork polygon, NMe, NSna, SnaMe, SSnp, I/SpP. There was a statistically significant increase in the values of the following parameters SNA, ANB, GoArNS, SGo and i/MP. No significant changes in values were recorded on the OP/NS and SArGo parameters. Conclusion. Orthodontic-surgical treatment of MPG leads to changes in the bone and dental structures of the craniofacial system. As a result of such treatment, there is a functional improvement and an improvement in the appearance of the face.
Trends and Demographic Disparities in Diabetes Hospital Admissions: Analyses of Serial Cross-Sectional National and State Data, 2008–2017
Authors: Turbow Sara D. , Uppal Tegveer S. , Haw J. Sonya , Chehal Puneet , Fernandes Gail , Shah Megha , Rajpathak Swapnil , Ali Mohammed K. , Narayan K.M. Venkat
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

To analyze national and state-specific trends in diabetes-related hospital admissions and determine whether disparities in rates of admission exist between demographic groups and geographically dispersed states.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted serial cross-sectional analyses of the National Inpatient Sample (2008, 2011, 2014, and 2016) and State Inpatient Databases for Arizona, Florida, Kentucky, Iowa, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Utah, and Vermont for 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2016/2017 among adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes–related ICD codes (ICD-9 [250.XX] or ICD-10 [E10.XXX, E11.XXX, and E13.XXX]. We measured hospitalization rates for people with diabetes (all-cause hospitalizations) and for admissions with a primary diagnosis of diabetes or diabetes-related complications (diabetes-specific hospitalizations) per 10,000 people per year.

RESULTS

Nationally, all-cause and diabetes-specific hospitalizations declined by 3.1% (95% CI −5.5, −0.7) and 19.1% (95% CI −21.6, −16.6), respectively, over 2008 to 2016. The analysis of individual states showed that diabetes-specific admissions in individuals ≥65 years old declined during this time (16.3–48.8% decrease) but increased among patients 18–29 years old (10.5–81.5% increase) and that rural diabetes-specific admissions decreased in just over half of the included states (15.2–69.2% decrease). There were no differences in changes in admission rates among different racial/ethnic groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, rates of diabetes-related hospitalizations decreased over 2008 to 2016/2017, but there were large state-level differences across subgroups of patients. The rise in diabetes hospitalizations among young adults is a cause for concern. These state- and subpopulation-level differences highlight the need for state-level policies and interventions to address disparities in diabetes health care use.
Study of dynamic simulators with ADAMS and Matlab/Simulink for control systems
Authors: Chávez-Olivares C. , Rubio E. , Guzmán C.
Published: April 2022

ADAMS-MATLAB co-simulation is widely used in complex system development to control models of closed-loop mechanisms. An advantage of ADAMS is to facilitate the configuration of parameters such as friction. However, its mathematical friction model is unknown. There are alternatives such as Simscape Multibody that facilitate the configuration of any friction model. This paper presents a case study of dynamic simulation using the mathematical model of a mechanism in order to compare it with ADAMS and Simscape Multibody. The state-space model uses the parameters b and fc – viscous and Coulomb friction coefficients. However, ADAMS uses only one dynamic friction parameter µ. Since both friction parameters do not appear in ADAMS, a parametric identification procedure was used to determine the equivalency between the friction coefficients b and fc compared to µ. To identify the friction model of ADAMS, open-loop and closed-loop simulations were proposed. To compare the simulation results numerically, the L2 norm was used. The reference was the model solved with the ODE45 function.
Project-Based Assessment Models for Senior High School Grade XI
Authors: Muryanti Vivi
Published: April 2022

Project-Based Learning is one of the approaches of teaching English which supports the scientific approach of Curriculum 2013. This approach can bring some benefits to thestudents namely promoting the comprehensible input and output and gaining successfulexperiences with the real world, and also supporting learner centeredness during the learning process. However, the implementation of this approach still has some problems particularly in terms of appropriate kinds of project and the way to assess the students? progress andachievement. Therefore, this article proposes the projects and the assessment models forSenior High School Grade XI as an alternative to overcome the problems of theimplementation of Project-Based Learning in Curriculum 2013.Keywords: project-based learning, Curriculum 2013, assessment models, senior high school
An Alternative Assessment Model to Improve a Translated Text from Indonesian into English
Authors: Tanuwijaya Marwan , Nugroho Aditya Cahyo , Ahdi Pratama , Dewi Novita
Published: April 2022

The main aspect of translation is how ones expression in one language is replacedwith an equivalent representation in another language. The representation should beequivalent in terms of its stylistic, referential, and linguistic features. Whether there is a needfor a translation text to be classified as "weak," "fair" or "good," its acceptability and themeans of determining it as well as how to improve ones translation quality were what weinvestigated in this article. National and international translation standards now exist, butthere are no generally accepted objective criteria for evaluating the quality oftranslation. Therefore, such an assessment is needed to reveal the quality of the translation ofa text from Indonesian into English. This article aimed to assess it using an alternativeinstrument and suggestions on how to improve translation quality which the authors adaptedfrom NAATI (National Accreditation Authority of Translators and Interpreters). Theyadopted the stylistic, referential, and linguistic components of NAATIs translation qualityassessment. Based on the limited data that they had, a number of improvement procedureswere recommended. Keywords: assessment, text, translation quality and improvement
A Study of Metaphor Translation from Anak Semua Bangsa into Its English Version Child of All Nations
Authors: Valentino Yosafat Barona , Metekohy Marschall Eirence
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to find what types of metaphor are there in the novel Anak Semua Bangsa and the strategies for translating those metaphors employed by the translator in translating Anak Semua Bangsa into Child of All Nations. In order to do so, the researchers employed Dunns (2015) types of metaphors for data classification and Shis (2014) strategies of trans- lating metaphors. The data were taken from the novel Anak Semua Bangsa for the source lan- guage data and Child of All Nations for the translation version. This study finds that there are three types of metaphors found in Anak Semua Bangsa novel, i.e. modulated (62.67%), source-target (29.33%), and interpretive (8.00%). The translator of Anak Semua Bangsa was likely to employ either using literal translation or changing the metaphor to meaning strate- gies for translating metaphors. In conclusion, regardless for what purposes the translation is, the translation product should preserve above all the meaning rather than the forms.Keywords: translation, metaphor, Anak Semua Bangsa, child of all nations
The Circulation, Translation, Adaptation, and Production	of Vedya�s	the Mahabharata and Pramoedya�s Selected Writings
Authors: Sophia Garini Ardya
Published: April 2022

The paper aims to show how non-Western literature works are integrated into World English Literature. It highlights two non-Western literature works, one from India and the other from Indonesia. The object of this study is Mahabharata and Pramoedyas selected writings. The analysis focuses on comparing them from the process of circulation, translation, adaptation and production to depict the values and portrayal of women in different time spans. The result of the analysis is that the values in Mahabharata are still relevant until today, therefore people may learn from its philosophical life meaning about brotherhood and loyalty. Meanwhile, Pramoedyas selected writings show the value of nationalism, loyalty, and humanity. The similarities of both literary works also lie in portraying the issue of feminism in responding towards the life challenges.Keywords: world literature, nationalism, feminism, patriarchy, circulation
Circulation, Translation, and Adaption of African Literary Works and Their Possible Positions in World Literature Anthologies
Authors: Martha Ludmila
Published: April 2022

World Literature is not all literature of the entire world but only literature which travels outside its country of origin.The circulation and reception of texts in a given cultural system can be complicated due to languages. However global awork may be in intention, it can be seen as just a would-be work of world literature unlessand until it actually finds readers abroad. By making anEnglish version of the novel accessible, many African writers couldmaintain their bargaining power, especially towards the circulation system of World Literature. African literature has also inspired several adaptations, since adaptation itself has a significant place in World Literature.Moreover, when African literary works are included in some anthologies, they could perform particular types of discourse. It could be inferred that the anthologies of African literary works by women writers are different from their male counterparts.Keywords: world literature, circulation, translation, adaptation, anthology
Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used by Junior High School Students
Authors: Bakti Kristin Natalina Nugraha
Published: April 2022

In language learning, mastery of vocabulary is crucial. However, in Indonesia, where English is taught as a foreign language, vocabulary is often taught incidentally and given little priority. Due to the importance of vocabulary, a comprehensive language learning strategy is needed. As an example, vocabulary-learning strategies (VLS) can facilitate the development of vocabulary. This study aims at investigating VLS used by junior high school students in learning English. The data were collected by using Schmitts vocabulary learning strategies questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 31 statements administered to 50 junior high school students in the 8th grade at SMP N I Salatiga. Interviews were also conducted to obtain more information from the participants. The results show that the students choose practical, simple and fast strategies in learning vocabulary. Strategies such as checking if the word is also an Indonesian word, guessing the words meaning from the context, asking the teacher to give the definition, studying the word with their classmates, remembering the word by studying and paying attention to the words spelling, underlining the word, and using English media were frequently chosen in this study.
Afro-American Women Discrimination on Hidden Figures : A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Ikawati Listiana
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the discrimination against three Afro-American women in Hidden Figures. Critical Discourse Analysis proposed by Fairclough (2012) was used in this study to deconstruct the discrimination and provide solutions to tackle the problem. The CDA was supported by the analysis on language through Systemic Functional Grammar by Halliday (2004) and the analysis on body language by Jger and Maier (2009). The result shows that the discrimination in the movie can be differentiated into discrimination based on the level and the cause. The discrimination based on the level includes the individual, institutional and structural discrimination. Based on the cause, discrimination based on race (racism) and discrimination based on gender (sexism) are illustrated in the movie. The racism is developed from racist ideology, while the sexism is caused by sexist ideology. Finally, the ideologies are represented through language and body language.Keywords: Afro-American Women, Discrimination, Critical Discourse Analysis, Systemic Functional Grammar
Nationalism and Familyhood: the Struggle against Authoritarian Government as Seen in Leila Chudori�s Laut Bercerita
Authors: Windharto Antonius Wisnu Yoga
Published: April 2022

Social injustice is the reason why people protest against the government. The activists seek to find the equality from the government. As the result, some of activists were abducted and killed by the soldiers. The activists are not the group of people who hate the country. Most of them are nationalists, and they cannot keep silent in seeing the injustice in front of their eyes. The family of the activists also play important role in shaping the activists. The connection between the members of family is important in shaping their nationalism. Laut Bercerita is a novel which talks about nationalism and familyhood in Indonesia. Using this novel as the primary data, the issue of nationalism and familyhood as the characteristics of South East Asian people are discussed in this paper.Keywords: Laut Bercerita, Nationalism in new order, familyhood, social injustice
Spivak�s Strategic Essentialism Reading on Amy Tan�s �The Red Candle�
Authors: Williany Vania , Turuk Didimus E.
Published: April 2022

This paper analyzes the struggle of a Chinese-American woman in The Red Candle, one of the vignettes in Amy Tans novel The Joy Luck Club (1989). The main character namely Lindo Jong, is confined with patriarchy and tradition and is forced to marry her fiance at her teenage. Fascinatingly, Lindo can free herself from the arranged marriage and her oppressive new family by a clever scheme. Spivaks strategic essentialism is then applied to scrutinize this particular issue. Indeed, by strategic essentialism, Lindo still upholds her value as a Chinese woman and her respect to her filial piety, also, she can obtain her own independence as a woman.Keywords: Chinese-American woman, patriarchy, tradition, strategic essentialism
Discourse on Creole Identity: from Ambivalence to Madness Post-Colonial Reading on Rhys� Wide Sargasso Sea
Authors: Subhan Asep , Turuk Didimus E.
Published: April 2022

The portrayal of creole identity is presented in several literary works, one of them is in the portrayal of Antoinette Cosway in Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea. Antoinette Cosway firstly is the minor character in Charlotte Bronts Jane Eyre. The research traces the link between Antoinette Cosways creole identity with her madness. According to Bhabhas ambivalence theory, creole identity possibly creates a new identity as the result of interrelation between colonizer and colonized. Based on the research, Antoinette Cosway failed to create a new identity and became a madwoman instead. The cause is the complex situation faced by her and the lack of supporting aspects for constructing a new identity.Keywords: creole identity, ambivalence, Antoinette Cosway, Homi Bhabha
The Use of Kahoot! as Formative Assessment in Education
Authors: Widyaningrum Bernadetha Wahyu
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTTechnology appears as one of the significant tools to create a meaningful process in all fields of life for living things, one of which is education. This situation drives related parties to create game-based learning platform for education. One of the emerging game-based learning platform used in education is Kahoot!. Educationally relevant game, such as Kahoot! makes students learn academic content with a lot of excitement. Recently, Kahoot! is used as a tool for formative assessment. Formative assessment is useful to improve students attainment. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Kahoot! used as formative assessment in education. This paper will elaborate the theoretical review as well as the application that underlay the hypothesis. The result of the study shows that Kahoot! is an alternative tool of interactive formative assessment. Kahoot! is feasible and practical to make learning fun and enjoyable because it has many benefits for education.
Development of the Learning Module Book of English for Specific Purposes Course to Realize Relevance and Meaningfulness
Authors: Prabandari Carla Sih , Aji Gregorius Punto
Published: April 2022

This research aims to develop Learning Moduls that support a learning model designed to integrate the theory and the implementation in which relevance and meaningfulness of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course can be achieved. Therefore, the problem of this research is: What kind of learning module book of English for Specific Purposes course to realize relevance and meaningfulness? This research used Research and Development method that aims to develop and validate products in education. Steps of development method that will be used include (1) collecting pre-development data, (2) designing the product prototype, (3) verifying the product to experts who are competent at the product, (4) revising the product into the product prototype 2, (5) applying the product for obtaining qualitative evaluation, and (6) revising the product into the final product that has been validated after having steps of expert verification and implementation. The research data were qualitative and quantitative data that had been verified by experts and evaluated by students in terms of how the product designed can realize relevance and meaningfulness of the integration between theories and real implementation. The development research result is in accordance with the objective in which the result is an ESP learning module book for students of English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University.
Reading Disability in Indonesian Children�s Literature
Authors: Sugiarto Tri
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article is to examine the representation of disability and to identify thediscourse resulted from the pattern of its portrayal in four selected Indonesian childrensshorts stories, namely Kacamata UFO, Gadis Penari, Bapak Si Dono, and Cerita Riondengan Sebelah Mata published in Bobo magazine. Applying the lens of Saids Orientalism,this content analysis study shows that children with disabilities are presented as weak,dependent, not productive, an object of curiosity and violence, and a vehicle for the growth ofother characters in the story. This study concludes that literacy on disability for Indonesianpeople is significant. Such writing is to provide a positive image and reduce the negativestereotype which is currently shared among society.Keywords: childrens literature, disability, representation, short stories
Symbolic Violence among Characters in Selected Eka Kurniawan�s Works
Authors: Putri Christiana Anindya
Published: April 2022

This article explores symbolic violence experienced by men and women in their everydaylives as portrayed in selected Eka Kurniawans works: Beauty is a Wound (2016), Man Tiger(2015), and Vengeance is Mine, All Others Pay Cash (2017). In order to identify the symbolicviolence, Pierre Bourdieus concept of symbolic violence is applied in this research. Thefinding of this research indicates that symbolic violence experienced by men and women isthe result of patriarchal system which is manifested in culture and tradition. This culture andtradition has power to discipline society and it also induces symbolic violence towardssociety since they are required to follow the patriarchal values or stereotype. The symbolicviolence against men and women in selected Kurniawans works are depicted througharranged marriage, marital rape, womens obligation in domestic domain, and mens sexualperformance and masculinity.Keywords: patriarchy, symbolic violence, stereotype
The Application of Leech�s Politeness Maxims in Shakespeare�s The Merchant of Venice
Authors: Eshreteh Mahmood K. M. , Badran Huda
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice in light of the application of Leechs politeness maxims. The study uses a qualitative method in analyzing the utterances of the major characters in the play; Shylock, Antonio and Bassanio, since most of the events within the play focus on their demands, personalities and behaviors. The purpose of this study is to reveal the degree of politeness reflected in the characters speeches. 17 extracts from Act 1 scene 3 (a street in Venice) and 6 extracts from Act 4 scene 1 (the court scene) are explored due to their importance in the plot development. In light of the analysis, some of the factors are highlighted according to their significant role in determining the use of politeness or impoliteness strategies. These factors are power, psychological aspects, personal values, irony principle, social status and religion. The study also examines the way in which the six maxims are employed in the extracts. To conclude, politeness strategies can be used to reveal much about peoples identities, values and psychology.
The Identities of Young America: A Case of American Exceptionalism and Emerging Identities in Letters from an American Farmer
Authors: Daryaee Motlagh Ebrahim
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article is an attempt to examine the emerging identities and the primary examples of exceptionalism in early American literature by a review of excerpts from the "Letters from an American Farmer" written by J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur. To this end, after a brief introduction, exceptionalism is defined and explained as a political and ideological attitude. Then, a brief overview of pre-revolution and war literature is provided along with some prominent examples of literary works. Finally, after introducing the author’s work, the third letter of the above series entitled "What is an American?" is selected and analyzed within the theoretical framework of this article which addresses the emergence of American identity in early literary works. More specifically, the present article examines the American social life, emerging identities and the early signs of exceptionalism from Crèvecoeur’s perspective. As a conclusion, the analysis of selected excerpts shows that there are rudimentary elements and examples of this ideology in the case under study.Keywords: American literature; American exceptionalism; national pride; social identity
A Critical Discourse Analysis of “Discrimination Starts Before and Lasts Our Entire Lives” Speech by Charlotte Helene Fien: Discrimination Through Termination
Authors: Ayuningtyas Inggita Pramesti , Kusumawardani Maria Regina Anna Hadi
Published: April 2022

Down syndrome people are often underestimated by society. It is because of their disability to do difficult things and their physical appearances. This common opinion has been broken by Charlotte Helene Fien, a representative of Down Syndrome people at the United Nations. This issue results in a social wrong which is covered by the society’s justification. This social wrong is indirectly depicted in Charlotte’s speech. The aim of this research is to uncover the social wrong that evolves in our society. The method used in this research is four stages by Roy Bhaskar (1986). SFG is utilized in this research to give linguistic evidence in interpreting the speech.  The results show that social wrong found in the speech is termination of Down Syndrome babies. It is hard to be found because society is a lack of awareness about life values and it is considered as normal and true. However, this social wrong is still needed in the society because it gives benefits for parents and improves society’s standard of living. In order to stop this social wrong, society has to change their opinion, take real actions, and make policies to protect people with Down Syndrome.Keywords: Down Syndrome, social wrong, Systemic Functional Grammar, Charlotte
Hate Expression Found on Twitter as a Response to Meghan Markle
Authors: Riyadisty Auranissa Putri , Fauziati Endang
Published: April 2022

This study's purposes are to identify the categories of hate expressions, identify the strategies of hate expression, and describe the functions of hate expression used by Twitter users toward Meghan Markle as a response to the report that Meghan may run for US president. The objects used were hate expressions used by Twitter netizens. This study applied qualitative descriptive research as the method of research. The data were Twitter replies that contained hate towards Meghan Markle. This study used Mondal et al. (2017), Culpeper (1996), and Bebee (1995) theory for analyzing the data. The results showed that: (1) There are six categories of hate expression to Meghan Markle on Twitter, namely hate the expression of behavior, class, disability, ethnicity, religion, and gender (2) There are four types of strategies of hate expression, namely bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, and sarcasm or mock politeness (3) There are four functions of hate expression that thrown by Twitter users, namely expressing unpleasant feelings, entertaining the target audience, mocking the figure, and expressing disagreement.
Men and Women in Suicide Notes: A Corpus-Based Rhetorical Moves Analysis
Authors: Tanusy Jeanyfer
Published: April 2022

Research on suicide notes has always focused on proving whether the notes are genuine or simulated. There are still very few studies on suicide notes that focus on the genders of the writer and the influence of genders in this type of letter. This research aims to examine the suicide notes in two corpora—one corpus written by males and the other by females—using two different theories. Swales’ move-structure theory is used to see the pattern of occurrence of the rhetorical moves to establish a generic structure of the notes in the two corpora, and Bhatia’s communicative purpose theory is used to see what purposes of communication are dominant in the notes. The notes are analyzed based on the gender of the writers to also examine whether gender plays a role in the use of language, especially for personal communication. The study uses a mixed-method approach, in which a corpus software AntConc is used in the quantitative design to gather more comprehensive data, and linguistic theories are used in the interpretation of the data. The analysis shows that there are differences in the dominant recurring moves and communicative purposes in the two corpora, which suggests the role of gender in determining language use in personal communication. The result of this study is hoped to add to the literature of the study of gender as well as in the broader area of discourse analysis and sociolinguistics.
Adoption and Usage Intention of Consumers Towards Telemedicine Among People During Pandemic Times
Authors: Saxena Charu , Kumar Pardeep , Thakur Pratibha
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE: As COVID-19 engulfed the world, people are shifting to a new way of life with social distancing and self isolation, especially in developing countries. In such a scenario, online retailing has gone through a sea change with a new wave of increased demand and where the healthcare sector has also adjusted with the augmented transition from physical shops to e-commerce. The current study aims to assess the adoption and usage intention of consumers towards telemedicine among people during pandemic times.
METHOD: The adoption of telemedicine by consumers depends upon some factors such as reliability, affordability, convenience, authenticity, offers and discount; which could enhance the intention to adopt and continual use by consumers. A modified version of ‘Technology Acceptance Model’ is incorporated in this study to validate the concept of adoption of telemedicine in cities of North India.
RESULTS: The study has found the positive and significant relationship between the factors of adoption and the intention to adopt telemedicine. Also, the ‘Effect of COVID-19’ plays a moderating role between the different factors of adoption and the intention to adopt telemedicine.
CONCLUSION: The adoption of telemedicine by people is significantly associated with different internal and external factors. The intention to adopt telemedicine is the construct that strongly influences the actual usage of telemedicine in developing countries. The scope of this study is restricted to the Northern region of India. A future study can be undertaken in relation to the global perspective of consumers.
A COMPARATIVE REVIEW ON EPILEPSY AND ITS TREATMENT OPTIONS
Authors:   Research Scholar, BIU College of Pharmacy, Bareilly International University, Bareilly-243006, Uttar Pradesh India, SINHA YASH ANAND , BIJAULIYA ROHIT KUMAR ,   Bareilly International University Bareilly-243006, Uttar Pradesh India, PATEL SUNNY ,   Bareilly International University Bareilly-243006, Uttar Pradesh India, ASIF DANISHTA ,   Bareilly International University Bareilly-243006, Uttar Pradesh India
Published: April 2022

In today's fast-paced society, individuals are subjected to numerous forms of stress, and the majority of the world's population suffers from various neurological disorders. The imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters is one of the mechanisms driving epilepsy. Epileptic seizures can cause loss of awareness, tremors, disorientation, difficulties reacting, and visual or other sensory symptoms, depending on which parts of the brain are implicated. The usage of benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and ion channel modulators in the treatment of epilepsy was categorised depending on the place of origin and symptoms. Allopathic treatment should typically begin with a single antiepileptic medication. Ayurvedic treatment approaches include purifying measures such as therapeutic purgatives and pacifying therapies such as single herb and polyherbal formulations. The review's goal is to look at pathogenesis, epilepsy categorization, signs and symptoms, allopathic and Ayurvedic medicine therapy, and future trends in epilepsy. KEYWORDS: Epilepsy, Seizures, Allopathic treatment, Ayurvedic
DEVELOPMENT OF REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE AND DEPOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, YADAV SHIVANAND , SHARMA NEERAJ ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
Published: April 2022

Simple, accurate and precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) methods for simultaneous estimation of sildenafil citrate (SIL) and depoxetine hydrochloride (DAP) in combined tablet dosage form have been developed and validated. The RP-HPLC method uses a Shimadzu – 1800, Software Version – UV Prob 2.33 with BDS hypersil C18 column and mixture of Buffer pH 4.0 and ACN in the ratio of 40:60 as the mobile phase. The detection was carried out using a UV–Visible Detector: Shimadzu SPD–20AT diode array detector set at 229 nm. Linearity of chromatographic method was found in the concentration range of 50 - 150 ppm for Sildenafil and 30 - 90 ppm for Dapoxetine respectively. % recovery for SIL was found to be 99.3 – 100.5 %, while for DAP it was found to be in range of 99.1 – 100.4 % in HPLC methods respectively. Both methods may be used for routine analysis of the drugs in a pharmaceutical formulation. Results of analysis were validated statistically. KEYWORDS: Linearity, Validation, HPLC, Sildenafil, Depoxetine.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTRO RETENTIVE TABLETS OF CLARITHROMYCIN FOR ANTIULCER EFFECT
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, SHARMA RAJESH , MISHRA ASHWANI ,   Department of Pharmacy, Barkatullah University, Bhopal
Published: April 2022

Gastroretentive floating drug delivery system (GFDDS) is used to prolong the gastric residence time after oral administration, at a particular site and controlled or modified the release of drug from the formulation.The purpose of the present study is to develop a gastro retentive floating drug delivery system to achieving controlled release so that is improves bioavailability of the formulation, Structure activity relationship based on Biopharmaceutical Properties of Clarithromycin indicates good biopharmaceutical Properties. Floating dosage form of Clarithromycin was designed for the treatment of gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. The granules were prepared by wet granulation method and evaluated for flow property, Carrs' index, bulk density, tapped density and Hausner ratio. The dosage form was designed by using polymers of different viscosity as gelling agents, sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent and other excipients. The granules were further subjected to tablet preparation and the prepared tablets were subjected for evaluated on the basis of different evaluation parameters like hardness, in vitro buoyancy, in vitro drug release. Incorporation of gas generating agent together with polymer improved drug release Optimized formulation (F7) containing Clarithromycin, HPMC, 90 SH , HPMC K4M , sodium bicarbonate, released approximately 86.6% drug in 10 hrs. and the floating lag time was found to be 25 sec. KEYWORDS: GFDDS, Helicobacter pylori, gelling agents, in vitro buoyancy, HPMC, wet granulation.
EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT OF 6-SHOGAOL IN ANIMAL MODELS
Authors:   Technocrats Institute of Technology – Pharmacy, Bhopal, RAHANGDALE PAYAL , BASEDIYA DEEPAK KUMAR ,   Technocrats Institute of Technology – Pharmacy, Bhopal, THAKUR VIVEK ,   Technocrats Institute of Technology – Pharmacy, Bhopal, DUBEY BALKRISHNA ,   Technocrats Institute of Technology – Pharmacy, Bhopal
Published: April 2022

The objective of the study was therefore to evaluate the role of 6-shogaol in the antidepressant effect Zingiber officinale using two different animal models viz., tail suspension test and forced swim test. Ginger rhizomes were extracted using water-methanol (80/20) as the solvent using maceration and 6-shogaol was isolated from the extract using mixture of n-hexane-diethyl ether (70/30, v/v) in column chromatography. The yield of the isolated 6-shogaol after column chromatographic isolation of the aqueous methanolic ginger extract was found to be 1.3%. The isolated 6-shogaol was of pale-yellow color and the texture appeared to be fine and crystalline. The forced swim test revealed that the immobility time was significantly reduced at all the administered doses of 6-shogaol in a dose dependent manner. The swimming time was found to increase in a similar fashion but was not significantly increased at a dose of 30 mg/kg of 6-shogaol. ANOVA analysis of the tail suspension test revealed that the reduction of immobility time was not significant at a dose of 30 mg/kg 6-shogoal whereas at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, the reduction was significant as compared to the control group. KEYWORDS: Shogaol, extract, tail suspension, forced swim, antidepressant, isolation.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING TABLET OF THIOCOLCHICOSIDE
Authors:   Spectrum Hi Pharmacy College, Sultanpur (U.P), ASHISH DIXIT , VIBHU SAHANI ,   LRM Medical College Meerut (U.P)
Published: April 2022

Thiocolchicoside is a centrally acting analgesic and is used to treat moderate to severe pain. Thiocolchicoside is rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration, showing good bioavailability. Hence the main objective of the work was to design, development and in vitro evaluation of natural gum based matrix tablet of Thiocolchicoside. All the batches were evaluated for angle of repose, carr’s index, hausner’s ratio, hardness, thickness, weight variation, drug content and in vitro release characteristics. The results of DSC and IR spectroscopy exhibited that no chemical interaction between drug and polymers and no shifting in the IR peaks was observed. The release kinetics and the mechanism of drug release by regression coefficient analysis were investigated. The optimized tablets having HPMC provided more sustained drug release than other polymers. The drug release from the tablets was sufficiently sustained and non-Fickian transport of the drug from tablets was confirmed. KEYWORDS: Thiocolchicoside, HPMC K15M, Carbopol 934P, MCC PH102.
Vérification de la qualité de la base de données périnatales Niday pour 2008 : rapport sur un projet d’assurance de la qualité
Authors: Dunn S. , Bottomley J. , Ali A. , Walker M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Le présent projet d’assurance qualité vise à déterminer la fiabilité, l’intégralité et l’exhaustivité des données saisies dans la base de données périnatales Niday.

Méthodologie

La qualité des données a été mesurée en comparant les données réextraites des dossiers des patients aux données entrées à l’origine dans la base de données périnatales Niday. Un échantillon représentatif des hôpitaux de l’Ontario a été sélectionné et un échantillon aléatoire de 100 dossiers mère-enfant appariés a été vérifié pour chaque site. Un sous-ensemble de 33 variables (représentant 96 champs de données) de la base Niday a été choisi pour la réextraction.

Résultats

Parmi les champs de données pour lesquels le coefficient Kappa de Cohen ou le coefficient de corrélation intraclasse (CCI) a été calculé, 44 % présentaient une concordance excellente ou presque parfaite (au-delà de ce qui pourrait être imputé au hasard). Cependant, environ 17 % d’entre eux ont affiché une concordance inférieure à 95 % et un coefficient Kappa ou un CCI de moins de 60 %, signe d’une concordance presque nulle, médiocre ou modérée (au-delà de ce qui pourrait être imputé au hasard).

Analyse

L’article présente des recommandations pour améliorer la qualité de ces champs de données.
PENGARUH MODEL DIRECT INTRUCTION BERBANTUAN MEDIA HAND OUT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DASAR POLA
Authors: Ampera Dina , Naibaho Emma Natalia , . Nurhayati , . Farihah
Published: April 2022

Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari model direct instruction berbantuan media hand out  terhadap hasil belajar pola dasar di kelas X di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan 1 Stabat. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi-experiment dengan desain Post Test Only Design. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan total sampling, yaitu kelas X-2 yang berjumlah 35 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen menggunakan model direct instruction berbantuan media hand out dan X-1 yang berjumlah 35 orang sebagai kelas kontrol menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional berbantuan media hand out. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi yang telah dinyatakan valid oleh validator. Hasil perhitungan pengujian hipotesis dengan uji t diperoleh thitung > ttabel (20,05 > 1,66), yang berarti bahwa hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima. Adanya pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil pembelajaran pola dasar membuat tubuh bagian atas dengan teknik mengalungkan menggunakan model intrusi langsung dibantu media dengan cara kelas X di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan 1 Stabat.  Kata kunci: Intrusi Langsung, Hand Out, Hasil Belajar Abstract :This researh have purpose to know the effect of direct instruction model aided hand out media toward learning outcomes of basic patterns in class X fashion at vocational high school 1 Stabat in academic. The type of researh is quasi-experiment with design Post Test Only Design. The sampel was take by using total sampling, that is class X-2 which totaled 35 people as experiment class using direct intruction model assisted hand out media and X-1 which totaled 35 people as control class using conventional learning models aided hand outs media. The instrument used in this research is the observation sheet that has been declared valid by the validator. The calculation result of hypothesis testing by t test obtained tcount > ttable (20.05 > 1.66), which means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. the existence of positive and significant influence on the learning result of basic pattern making upper body with a draping technique using direct intruction model aided hand out media in class X fashion at vocational high school 1 Stabat. Keywords: Direct Intruction, Hand Out, Learning Outcomes
Hubungan Jenis Kelamin terhadap Eksipien Farmasi dalam Mempengaruhi Bioavailabilitas Obat
Authors: Labibah Lana , Rusdiana Taofik
Published: April 2022

Penentuan bioavailabilitas suatu obat menjadi parameter penting untuk mengetahui jumlah serta kecepatan obat diabsropsi dalam tubuh. Diketahui bahwa pria dan wanita memiliki respon yang berbeda dalam menerima obat, selain itu perbedaan perilaku obat juga disebabkan oleh variabilitas antar individu. Dalam pembuatan produk obat, bahan aktif farmasi secara rutin diformulasikan dengan berbagai eksipien, oleh karena itu penentuan eksipien juga merupakan parameter kritis dalam suatu produk obat. Review artikel ini bertujuan untuk memuat bukti mengenai hubungan jenis kelamin terhadap pengaruh eksipien farmasi pada transporter P-glikoprotein (P-gp) dalam mempengaruhi bioavailabilitas obat. Sebanyak 54 artikel selama sepuluh tahun terakhir diperoleh secara elektronik melalui situs PubMed dan Google Scholar. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan peningkatan bioavailabilitas obat dengan traspoerter P-gp hanya terjadi pada subjek tikus jantan dan atau subjek manusia pria. Hal tersebut dikarenakan protein dan kelimpahan mRNA yang lebih tinggi pada jaringan usus kecil pria bila dibandingkan dengan wanita di lokasi yang sama. Dengan demikian, studi ini harus dipertimbangkan secara hati-hati terhadap ko-formulasi eksipien farmasi dengan obat-obatan yang merupakan substrat P-gp.
Formulasi Sabun Antibakteri Fraksi N-Heksan Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Leny Leny , Noverita Tetty , Simatupang Adelina , Iskandar Benni
Published: April 2022

Bakteri merupakan uniseluler, pada umumnya tidak berklorofil, dan mempunyai ukuran yang sangat kecil dimana hanya dapat dilihat dengan bantuan mikroskop. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui ekstrak fraksi n-heksan daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) dengan konsentrasi 2% dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan sabun mandi padat yang stabil menurut SNI 06-3532-2016 dan sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang dimulai dengan pembuatan ekstrak fraksi n-heksan dari daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), dilanjutkan dengan memformulasikan ekstrak menjadi bentuk sabun padat yang terbagi atas 3 konsentrasi yaitu 2%, 4%, dan 6%. Sediaan sabun padat kemudian diuji karakteristik fisik sediaan dan aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak fraksi n-heksan daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) dapat diformulasikan  ke dalam bentuk sabun padat yang stabil menurut SNI 06-3532-2016 dan ekstrak fraksi n-heksan daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) dengan konsentrasi 2% mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan hambat sebesar 9,91 mm, konsentrasi 4% sebesar 9,95 mm, dan konsentrasi 6% sebesar 10,6 mm, dimana pada penelitian ini digunakan pembanding dengan kontrol negatif dan pada kontrol positif menggunakan sabun asepso yang mempunyai daya hambat sebesar 18,51 mm.Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah formula sabun mandi padat dengan penambahan ekstrak fraksi n-heksan sebanyak 2% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dalam kategori sedang, konsentrasi 6% mampu menghambat dalam kategori kuat namun tidak menunjukkan daya hambat yang signifikan antar kelompok F1, F2, dan F3.