bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Altered brain structural and functional connectivity in cannabis users
Authors: Soleimani Najme , Kazemi Kamran , Helfroush Mohammad Sadegh , Aarabi Ardalan
Published: April 2023

Cannabis is one of the most used and commodified illicit substances worldwide, especially among young adults. The neurobiology mechanism of cannabis is yet to be identified particularly in youth. The purpose of this study was to concurrently measure alterations in brain structural and functional connectivity in cannabis users using resting-state functional magnetic resonance images (rs-fMRI) and diffusion-weighted images (DWI) from a group of 73 cannabis users (age 22–36, 19 female) in comparison with 73 healthy controls (age 22–36, 14 female) from Human Connectome Project (HCP). Several significant differences were observed in local structural/functional network measures (e.g. degree and clustering coefficient), being prominent in the insular and frontal opercular cortex and lateral/medial temporal cortex. The rich-club organization of structural networks revealed a normal trend, distributed within bilateral frontal, temporal and occipital regions. However, minor differences were found between the two groups in the superior and inferior temporal gyri. Functional rich-club nodes were mostly located within parietal and posterior areas, with minor differences between the groups found mainly in the centro-temporal and parietal regions. Regional network measures of structural/functional networks were associated with times used cannabis (TUC) in several regions. Although the structural/functional network in both groups showed small-world property, no differences between cannabis users and healthy controls were found regarding the global network measures, showing no association with cannabis use. After FDR correction, all of the significant associations between network measures and TUC were found to be insignificant, except for the association between degree and TUC within the presubiculum region. To recap, our findings revealed alterations in local topological properties of structural and functional networks in cannabis users, although their global brain network organization remained intact.
Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories under deforestation pressure
Authors: Silva-Junior Celso H. L. , Silva Fabrício B. , Arisi Barbara Maisonnave , Mataveli Guilherme , Pessôa Ana C. M. , Carvalho Nathália S. , Reis João B. C. , Silva Júnior Admo R. , Motta Nathalia A. C. S. , e Silva Paulo Vinícius Moreira , Ribeiro Francarlos Diniz , Siqueira-Gay Juliana , Alencar Ane , Saatchi Sassan , Aragão Luiz E. O. C. , Anderson Liana O. , Melo Maycon
Published: April 2023

Studies showed that Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories (ITs) are efficient models for preserving forests by reducing deforestation, fires, and related carbon emissions. Considering the importance of ITs for conserving socio-environmental and cultural diversity and the recent climb in the Brazilian Amazon deforestation, we used official remote sensing datasets to analyze deforestation inside and outside indigenous territories within Brazil's Amazon biome during the 2013–2021 period. Deforestation has increased by 129% inside ITs since 2013, followed by an increase in illegal mining areas. In 2019–2021, deforestation was 195% higher and 30% farther from the borders towards the interior of indigenous territories than in previous years (2013–2018). Furthermore, about 59% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within ITs in 2013–2021 (96 million tons) occurred in the last three years of analyzed years, revealing the magnitude of increasing deforestation to climate impacts. Therefore, curbing deforestation in indigenous territories must be a priority for the Brazilian government to secure these peoples' land rights, ensure the forests' protection and regulate the global climate.
Examining chronic disease onset across varying age groups of Indian adults using competing risk analysis
Authors: Rashmi Rashmi , Mohanty Sanjay K.
Published: April 2023

In low-and-middle-income countries, people develop chronic diseases at a younger age, leading to health-and-economic loss. Estimates of the age of onset of chronic disease provide evidence for policy intervention, but in the Indian context, evidence is limited. The present study aims to explore the onset of seven chronic diseases across adults and the elderly, along with the prognostic factors of chronic disease onset. Using Wave 1 data of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), we estimated the statistical distributions, the median age at onset, and Loglogistic and Weibull accelerated failure time model to understand the onset of seven medically diagnosed self-reported chronic diseases across age groups. We also obtained the sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) from the Fine-Gray model to determine the risk of contracting selected chronic diseases in a competing risk setup. The seven chronic diseases– hypertension, diabetes, lung disease, heart disease/stroke, arthritis, neurological disease, and cancer– were developing early, especially in individuals aged 45–54 and 55–64. Arthritis risk was higher in rural areas, and physically active adults and elderly were 1.32 times (95% CI 1.12–1.56) more likely to develop heart disease/stroke. The emerging evidence of the early onset of neurological diseases in middle-aged adults (i.e., among the 45–54 age group) reminds us of the need to reinforce a balance between the physical and mental life of individuals. The early onset of chronic diseases in the independent and working-age category (45–54 years) can have many social and economic implications. For instance, it can create a greater healthcare burden when these individuals grow older with these diseases. Further, disease-specific interventions would be helpful in reducing future chronic disease burden.
Early versus late reversal of diverting loop ileostomy in rectal cancer surgery: a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ellebæk Mark Bremholm , Perdawood Sharaf Karim , Steenstrup Signe , Khalaf Sardar , Kundal Jette , Möller Sören , Bang Jacob Christian , Støvring Jens , Qvist Niels
Published: April 2023

Diverting loop ileostomy has become routine in low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer. The optimal time for stoma reversal is controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare the results after planned early (within 8–12 days) versus late (> 3 months) stoma reversal. The primary outcomes were morbidity and mortality, as measured by the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) within 30 days after stoma reversal, and the secondary outcomes were morbidity and mortality within 90 days after LAR. This was a multicentre trial including all patients scheduled for anterior low resection for rectal cancer with curative intent. Inclusion period was from April 2011 to December 2018. All patients were randomized 1:1 prior to surgery. Among 257 consecutive and eligible patients, a total of 214 patients were randomized: 107 patients to early stoma reversal and 107 to late reversal. A total of 68 patients were excluded for various reasons, and 146 patients completed the study, with 77 in the early reversal group and 69 in the late reversal group. The patients were asked to complete the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index before surgery (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months after LAR. Ostomy-related complications were evaluated by dedicated ostomy staff using the validated DET score. ClinicalTrials Identifier: NCT01865071. Fifty-three patients (69%) in the early reversal group and 60 patients (87%) in the late reversal group received the intended treatment. There were no significant differences in CCI within 90 days after index surgery with the LAR and within 30 days after stoma reversal between the two groups. There were no differences in patient-reported quality of life but significantly more stoma-related complications in the late reversal group. A total of 5 patients experienced anastomotic leakage (AL) after stoma reversal, 4 in the early reversal group and one in the late reversal group. Early and late stoma reversal showed similar outcomes in terms of overall complications and quality of life. The risk of developing anastomotic leakage after early ostomy reversal is a concern.
Effects on general pain perception and dental pulp sensibility in probable sleep bruxism subjects by experimentally induced pain in a pilot study
Authors: Ommerborn Michelle Alicia , Özbek Adem , Grunwald Maike , Depprich Rita Antonia , Walentek Nicole Pascale , Franken Michael , Schäfer Ralf
Published: April 2023

In this pilot study, the general pain perception and the dental pulp sensibility of probable sleep bruxism (SB) subjects were compared with that of non-SB subjects. The cold pressor test (CPT), electric pulp test (EPT), and thermal pulp test with CO2 snow were executed by one trained dentist (blind to SB diagnosis). A one-factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with SB diagnosis as independent variable and standardized measures regarding pain perception and evaluation was performed. One-hundred-and-five participants (53 SB and 52 non-SB subjects) were included. The one-factorial MANOVA revealed a significant difference between SB and non-SB subjects (p = 0.01) concerning pain perception variables. Post-hoc univariate analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant lower general pain tolerance (p = 0.02), higher general subjective sensibility of the teeth (p < 0.01), and a statistical trend for higher subjective dental pain intensity (p = 0.07) in SB subjects. In most of the standardized variables, probable SB subjects seem to react and feel similar to non-SB subjects. However, as probable SB subjects subjectively perceive their teeth to be more sensitive and tend to rate their subjective dental pain intensity more intensely after CO2 testing, data might point to a somatosensory amplification.
An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand
Authors: Lukkunaprasit Thitiya , Tansawet Amarit , Boonmanunt Suparee , Sobhonslidsuk Abhasnee , McKay Gareth J. , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: April 2023

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. This study aims to summarize the evidence for the effects of curcumin on MAFLD progression. Studies were identified from Medline and Scopus databases until April 2022. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) and randomized controlled trials (RCT) were selected based on pre-specified criteria. Three reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality of included studies. Of the 427 identified records, 6 SRMAs and 16 RCTs were included in the analysis. Very high overlap was observed among SRMAs with corrected covered area of 21.9%. From an updated meta-analysis, curcumin demonstrated significant improvement in aspartate and alanine aminotransferase with pooled mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] of −3.90 (−5.97, −1.82) and −5.61 (−9.37, −1.85) units/L, respectively. Resolution and improvement of hepatic steatosis was higher in curcumin than control group with pooled relative risk (95% CI) of 3.53 (2.01, 6.22) and 3.41 (1.36, 8.56), respectively. Curcumin supplementation also led to lower fasting blood sugar, body mass index, and total cholesterol. Further trials should be conducted to assess the effect of curcumin on liver histology, especially regarding non-invasive hepatic fibrosis and steatosis.
Histological and molecular insights in to in vitro regeneration pattern of Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Authors: Bansal Sangita , Sharma Manoj K. , Singh Shivangi , Joshi Parampara , Pathania Pooja , Malhotra Era V. , Rajkumar S. , Misra Pragati
Published: April 2023

A study on the effect of various phytohormonal combinations on in vitro propagation of Cocoyam [Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott] was conducted to develop an improved and efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for its mass multiplication. Histological analysis to understand the in vitro regeneration pattern and genetic fidelity assessment of regenerated plants were also carried out. Single shoots excised from in vitro established cultures of X. sagittifolium were used as explants. Among the 32 different phytohormonal combinations tested, indirect organogenesis with intervening callus phase was observed on majority of the media combinations. Meristematic clump formation was optimally achieved on all the tested media combinations with maximum 43.54 ± 0.51 shoot primordia on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L NAA followed by 36.44 ± 0.76 shoot primordia on MS medium having 2.5 mg/L TDZ. Micro-morphological analysis of different morphogenetic structures revealed that the regeneration of cocoyam is well executed via meristematic nodules, shoot primordia formation that may evolve in to proper shoots. Adventitious shoots (> 2 cm) were successfully (100.00 ± 0.00%) rooted on the half-strength MS medium containing IBA (0.05–1.0 mg/L) and IAA (0.05–0.5 mg/L). The number of roots ranged from 0.78 ± 0.31 on the control half-strength MS medium to 13.94 ± 0.46 on half-strength MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA. Considering somaclonal variations as a potential restriction to in vitro multiplication of plants, genetic stability was assessed using 40 ISSR primers. The PCR amplification profiles obtained from all the tested propagules (calli, meristematic clumps, regenerated plantlets) were similar to the mother plants indicating the homogeneity of the individuals raised through the regeneration protocol reported here.
New non-ureolytic heterotrophic microbial induced carbonate precipitation for suppression of sand dune wind erosion
Authors: Hemayati Mohammad , Nikooee Ehsan , Habibagahi Ghassem , Niazi Ali , Afzali Sayed Fakhreddin
Published: April 2023

The detrimental effects of sand storms on agriculture, human health, transportation network, and infrastructures pose serious threats in many countries worldwide. Hence, wind erosion is considered a global challenge. An environmental-friendly method to suppress wind erosion is to employ microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). However, the by-products of ureolysis-based MICP, such as ammonia, are not favorable when produced in large volumes. This study introduces two calcium formate-bacteria compositions for non-ureolytic MICP and comprehensively compares their performance with two calcium acetate-bacteria compositions, all of which do not produce ammonia. The considered bacteria are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. First, the optimized values of factors controlling CaCO3 production were determined. Then, wind tunnel tests were performed on sand dune samples treated with the optimized compositions, where wind erosion resistance, threshold detachment velocity, and sand bombardment resistance were measured. An optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis were employed to evaluate the CaCO3 polymorph. Calcium formate-based compositions performed much better than the acetate-based compositions in producing CaCO3. Moreover, B. subtilis produced more CaCO3 than B. amyloliquefaciens. SEM micrographs clearly illustrated precipitation-induced active and inactive bounds and imprints of bacteria on CaCO3. All compositions considerably reduced wind erosion.
Spatial variability of lightning intensity over the Mediterranean sea correlates with seawater properties
Authors: Asfur Mustafa , Price Colin , Yair Yoav , Silverman Jacob
Published: April 2023

The divergence of total alkalinity (TA) from conservation with salinity (S) and relatively acidic conditions (pH) in surface seawater was suggested to explain the high prevalence of lightning superbolts in the Mediterranean sea, North sea and upwelling regions of the oceans. In this study we tested the combined effects of changes in S, TA and pH of Mediterranean sea surface water on the intensity of laboratory generated electrical sparks, which are considered to be analogous to cloud to sea-surface intensity of lightning discharges. The experimental results were used to develop a multivariate linear equation (MLE) of Lightning Flash Intensity (LFI) as a function of S, TA/S and pH. This relation was validated with wintertime (DJF) LFI measurements along a Mediterranean sea zonal profile during the period 2009–2020 compared to corresponding climate model outputs of S, TA and pH. Based on the resulting MLE, the combined effects of climate change, ocean acidification and the damming of the Nile, may have increased LFI in the Levantine Sea by 16 ± 14% until now relative to the pre-Aswan Dam period. Furthermore, assuming that salinization and acidification of the Levantine Sea will continue at current trends, the LFI is predicted to increase by 25 ± 13% by the year 2050.
Insights into the cavitation morphology of rubber reinforced with a nano-filler
Authors: Mashita Ryo , Bito Yasumasa , Uesugi Kentaro , Hoshino Masato , Kageyuki Ikuo , Kishimoto Hiroyuki , Yashiro Wataru , Kanaya Toshiji
Published: April 2023

Notwithstanding the various uses of rubber, the fracture mechanism of filler-reinforced rubber remains unclear. This study used four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) involving monochromatic synchrotron X-rays to examine the cavitation within silica-reinforced rubber quantitatively and systematically. The results suggested a threshold value of silica content for the cavitation morphology. Macroscopic fractures, such as those developed by void formation, occurred below the threshold value of silica content. Above this threshold, the density of rubber decreased but macroscopic voids rarely occurred. The lower-density rubber area in the high-silica-content rubber was reversible at the effective pixel size for 4D-CT. These results suggest that the growth of the damage points to macrosized voids could be stopped by the formation of a network of rigid polymer layers. This study allows the elucidation of the reinforcing mechanism and the cavitation morphology of filler-reinforced rubber.
Physical behavior of PEDOT polymer electrode during magnetic resonance imaging and long-term test in the climate chamber
Authors: de Camp Nora Vanessa , Bergeler Jürgen , Seifert Frank
Published: April 2023

The PEDOT polymer electrode is a metal-free electrode, consisting of an acrylate (dental composite) and the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The electrode is applied as gel onto the skin and cured with blue light for 10–20 s in order to achieve a conductive bond to the skin. The electrodes are used in combination with polymer cables consisting of a textile backbone and PEDOT:PSS. To test this new electrode and cable type under different conditions we designed two stress-tests: highly sensitive temperature recordings within a head phantom during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and long-term stability inside a climate chamber with high humidity. To study the physical behavior inside the strong magnetic field (3 Tesla), the PEDOT polymer electrode was attached to an agarose head-phantom inside a magnetic resonance tomograph during an image sequence. MRI-safe temperature sensors were placed nearby in order to measure possible heating effects. In comparison to a metal cable, nearly no rise in temperature could be observed if the electrode was used in combination with a conductive textile cable. Furthermore, the electrode showed stable impedance values inside a climate chamber for 4 consecutive days. These results pave the way for testing the PEDOT polymer electrode as biosignal recording electrode during MRI, especially for cardio MRI and Electroencephalography in combination with functional MRI (EEG–fMRI).
Twist-tunable polaritonic nanoresonators in a van der Waals crystal
Authors: Matveeva O. G. , Tresguerres-Mata A. I. F. , Kirtaev R. V. , Voronin K. V. , Taboada-Gutiérrez J. , Lanza C. , Duan J. , Martín-Sánchez J. , Volkov V. S. , Alonso-González P. , Nikitin A. Y.
Published: April 2023

Optical nanoresonators are key building blocks in various nanotechnological applications (e.g., spectroscopy) due to their ability to effectively confine light at the nanoscale. Recently, nanoresonators based on phonon polaritons (PhPs)—light coupled to lattice vibrations—in polar crystals (e.g., SiC, or h-BN) have attracted much attention due to their strong field confinement, high quality factors, and their potential to enhance the photonic density of states at mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequencies, where numerous molecular vibrations reside. Here, we introduce a new class of mid-IR nanoresonators that not only exhibit the extraordinary properties previously reported, but also incorporate a new degree of freedom: twist tuning, i.e., the possibility of controlling their spectral response by simply rotating the constituent material. To achieve this result, we place a pristine slab of the van der Waals (vdW) α-MoO3 crystal, which supports in-plane hyperbolic PhPs, on an array of metallic ribbons. This sample design based on electromagnetic engineering, not only allows the definition of α-MoO3 nanoresonators with low losses (quality factors, Q, up to 200), but also enables a broad spectral tuning of the polaritonic resonances (up to 32 cm−1, i.e., up to ~6 times their full width at half maximum, FWHM ~5 cm−1) by a simple in-plane rotation of the same slab (from 0 to 45°). These results open the door to the development of tunable and low-loss IR nanotechnologies, fundamental requirements for their implementation in molecular sensing, emission or photodetection applications.
ROS-scavenging nanomedicine for “multiple crosstalk” modulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Xin Xiaofei , Li Jingjing , Wu Wantao , Zhao Pengbo , Yang Yang , Zhu Ying , Ren Lianjie , Qin Chao , Yin Lifang
Published: April 2023

Liver-targeted ROS-scavenging liposomes loaded with oridonin and LY294002 (RLLs) was developed and modulated the “multiple crosstalk” in NAFLDviatargeting PI3K–AKT–mTOR–NF-κB signaling.
Oxygen storage modeling of a three-way catalyst based on a NARX network
Authors: Yao Zhuoxiao , Chen Tao , Lin Weipeng , Feng Yifang , Xia Ran , Li Le , Song Tao
Published: April 2023

Using the Nonlinear Auto-Regression with eXogenous input (NARX) dynamic neural network to establish a Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) model for vehicles, achieving high-precision prediction of oxygen storage capacity and shortening calculation times.
Flocculation of livestock wastewater using cationic starch prepared from potato peels
Authors: Haleem Noor , Osabutey Augustina , Albert Karlee , Zhang Cheng , Min Kyungnan , Anderson Gary , Yang Xufei
Published: April 2023

This study is anticipated to stimulate the valorization of agricultural waste and facilitate the development of eco-friendly, innovative solutions for livestock wastewater management.
Redox dynamics of 2D crystalline vanadium oxide phases on high-index anatase facets
Authors: Ek Martin , Godiksen Anita , Arnarson Logi , Moses Poul Georg , Rasmussen Søren B. , Skoglundh Magnus , Olsson Eva , Helveg Stig
Published: April 2023

Vanadium oxide on anatase nanoparticles develop atomic scale differences in structure and oxidation state, revealed by in situ transmission electron microscopy.
Lithium catalysed sequence selective ring opening terpolymerisation: a mechanistic study
Authors: Deglmann Peter , Machleit Sara , Gallizioli Cesare , Rupf Susanne M. , Plajer Alex J.
Published: April 2023

A combined experimental and computational study is reported revealing how the combination of two copolymerisations results in a sequence selective terpolymer.
Self-healing of electrical damage in insulating robust epoxy containing dynamic fluorine-substituted carbamate bonds for green dielectrics
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Xu Jiazhu , Song Jianhong , Chen Yue , Lv Zepeng , Cheng Yonghong , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2023

Epoxy with high healability and high insulating properties is demonstrated to heal from electrical damage through fluorine-substituted carbamate bonds. With attractive degradability, it performs as a green dielectric and enables component recycling.
Domain wall propagation and pinning induced by current pulses in cylindrical modulated nanowires
Authors: Bran C. , Fernandez-Roldan J. A. , Moreno J. A. , Fraile Rodríguez A. , del Real R. P. , Asenjo A. , Saugar E. , Marqués-Marchán J. , Mohammed H. , Foerster M. , Aballe L. , Kosel J. , Vazquez M. , Chubykalo-Fesenko O.
Published: April 2023

Thermal nucleation and fast current-induced Bloch-point domain wall (BP DW) motion in cylindrical modulated nanowires.
Luminescent [CO2@Ag20(SAdm)10(CF3COO)10(DMA)2] nanocluster: synthetic strategy and its implication towards white light emission
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Das Anish Kumar , Sardar Avirup , Manna Surya Sekhar , Mondal Pradip Kumar , Polentarutti Maurizio , Pathak Biswarup , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: April 2023

This study presents a strategy for the synthesis of room-temperature emissive Ag(i) NC with a rigid architecture and its utilization in white light emission through a sequential Förster resonance energy transfer pathway.
DIC–borane-catalyzed selective methylation of primary amines with CO2 using boranes as reducing agents
Authors: Zhang He , Zhang Yanmeng , Gao Ke
Published: April 2023

The highly selective N-methylation and N,N-dimethyaltion of primary amines using 1 atm CO2 in the presence of DIC-BH3∙piperazine and DIC-BH3∙NMe3 catalytic systems, respectively, were developed.
Effect of solvent, in the sol–gel synthesis of CoAl2O4, on the structure and catalytic properties in 1,4-butanediol dehydrocyclization
Authors: Mitran Gheorghiţa , Nguyen Tam Le Phuong , Seo Dong-Kyun
Published: April 2023

This work presents the synthesis of CoAl2O4 spinel by the sol–gel method using different solvents, such as water, ethanol, methanol and butanol, and cobalt and aluminum precursors.
Synthesis of spirooxindolesviaformal acetylene insertion into a common palladacycle intermediate
Authors: Abel-Snape Xavier , Johnson Colton E. , Imbriaco Bianca , Lautens Mark
Published: April 2023

A palladium-catalyzed spirocyclization reaction is reported and proposed to ariseviadiastereoselective insertion of an oxabicycle into a palladacycle. The cycloadduct undergoes a post-catalytic retro-Diels–Alder step to furnish a previously inaccessiblecis-alkene.
Noninvasive and point-of-care screening of snoring by breath monitoring using ion-in-conjugation polymer-based humidity sensors
Authors: Chen Ze-Kun , Bai Wei-Wei , Huo Ying-Qian , He Jing-Hui
Published: April 2023

We synthesized a noninvasive and point-of-care snoring sensor with comparable accuracy to commercial devices. The 1,5-PDAC-based humidity sensor exhibits a time stability up to 28 800 seconds (8 hours) in the working range of 11–95% RH.
Oxygen – a fatal impurity for reversible magnesium deposition/dissolution
Authors: Mandai Toshihiko , Watanabe Mariko
Published: April 2023

The systematic studies revealed that O2 in electrolyte solutions renders magnesium metal negative electrodes electrochemically inactive due to oxide-based firm insulative layer formation through O2, magnesium, and electrolyte-related processes.
Anion-assisted Yb3+and Mn2+doping of 0D and 2D lead halide perovskite nanostructures
Authors: Tatarinov Danila A. , Sokolova Anastasiia V. , Skurlov Ivan D. , Danilov Denis V. , Koroleva Aleksandra V. , Kuzmenko Natalya K. , Timkina Yuliya A. , Baranov Mikhail A. , Zhizhin Evgeniy V. , Tcypkin Anton N. , Litvin Aleksandr P.
Published: April 2023

Anion-assisted cation doping in a nonpolar solvent at room temperature has been proposed as a universal method to create multiple-band emitting lead halide perovskite nanostructures.
Micro–nano dual-scale embedded graphene/Ag architectures for flexible low-voltage-driven transparent electrothermal films
Authors: Nie Bangbang , Song Huiqian , Lv Benkun , Xiong Xinyi , Qi Guochen , Zhang Yudong , Qiu Jingjiang , Li Xiangming , Shao Jinyou , Wei Zonhan
Published: April 2023

Micro–nano dual-scale embedded graphene/Ag architectures are designed for fabricating high-performance flexible transparent electrodes, thus realizing low-voltage-driven transparent electrothermal films.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant attitude tracking control for hypersonic vehicle with unknown inertial matrix and states constraints
Authors: Wang Le , Meng Yizhen , Hu Shiqi , Peng Zhiyu , Shi Wen
Published: April 2023

This paper proposes an adaptive fault‐tolerant control (FTC) method for hypersonic vehicle (HSV) with unexpected centroid shift, actuator fault, time‐varying full state constraints, and input saturation. The occurrence of unexpected centroid shift has three main effects on the HSV system, which are system uncertainties, eccentric moments, and variation of input matrix. In order to ensure the time‐varying state constraints, a novel attitude state constraint control strategy, to keep the safe flight of HSV, is technically proposed by a time‐varying state constraint function (TVSCF). A unified controller is designed to handle the time‐varying state constraints according to the proposed TVSCF. Then, the constrained HSV system can be transformed into a novel free‐constrained system based on the TVSCF. For the variation of system input matrix, input saturation and actuator fault, a special Nussbaum‐type function is designed to compensate for those time‐varying nonlinear terms. Additionally, the auxiliary systems is designed to compensate the constraint of system control inputs. Then, it is proved that the proposed control scheme can guarantee the boundedness of all closed‐loop signals based on the Lyapunov stability theory. At last, the simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault‐tolerant control scheme.
The Arc-of-Meridian Expedition to the Spitsbergen Archipelago 1899-1901 as an example of international scientific collaboration: tasks and results
Authors: Kyzyurova Nadezhda
Published: April 2023

As one of the most striking indicators of environmental change,, the Arctic is a region of bifurcated interests of various states. An important role in the process of cognition and development of the Arctic is assigned to the scientific community. The article discusses the experience and scientific tasks of the Swedish-Russian expedition on arc-of-meridian measurement in 1899-1901. The main results of the expedition and its contribution to the further development of research in the Arctic are discussed. The influence on the international scientific community is considered.
Study of static charge accumulation in HDPE gas pipelines
Authors: Pshenin Vladimir , Menshikov Stepan , Komarovskiy Maksim
Published: April 2023

The accumulation of static charge in polyethylene pipes of gas network systems is a familiar process, which is paid attention to mainly to prevent accidents on pipelines. incidents related to static electricity can occur both during assembly works (coil tapping) and during the operation of gas pipelines (gas venting, etc.). Despite the fact that repeated attempts to study this process have been made by major operating organizations, today we can state that these regularities have not been studied in full. In this work we have made an attempt to describe theoretically the process of static charge accumulation on a pipe body, as well as to evaluate experimentally the adequacy of the proposed models.
Small-sized magnetolevitation system of the trestle type for the Arctic
Authors: Sundukov Eugene , Shifrin Boris , Tarabukina Nadezhda , Sundukova Veronica
Published: April 2023

The construction of large technical systems (industrial and transport) poses a threat to the environmental situation in the Arctic. On the other hand, the operation of such systems in harsh Arctic conditions is also unsafe, especially in permafrost conditions. We offer a small-sized maglev system of the trestle type with “movers” and “fellow travelers” type suspension. In this system, the track magnetic field is created by a moving sequence of interacting magnetic field sources –movers in a special control channel (beam, pipe), which also interact with the magnetic field sources of transport modules –fellow travelers. Fellow travelers are suspended in controlled channels due to interaction with permanent sources of magnetic field. The structure is mounted on arc-shaped supports that evenly distribute the load on the supporting surface and protect it from snow drifts and water flows. A model of a two-channel system with the lower location of the controlled channel has been developed. Further improvement of the system involves the use of the “magnetic potential hole” effect and the principles of the planetary model construction.
North Pole ice-resistant self-propelled platform as an innovative complex for research in the Arctic
Authors: Likhomanov Vladimir Alekseevich , Ugrumov Yuri , Savitskaya Anna , Patseva Polina , Krupina Nina , Chernov Alexei , Svistunov Ivan , Likhomanov Vladimir Antonovich
Published: April 2023

The Russian presence in the Arctic Region and the development of the Arctic is one of the most important geopolitical interests of Russia. At the beginning of the 21st century, the problem of using innovative methods in Arctic research came to the fore. Based on the analysis of the unique work experience of drifting stations “Severniy Polus” (“North Pole”) (1937-2015), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute specialists have concluded that the stations should be replaced by a modern scientific complex, capable of solving a wider range of problems. As a result, it was proposed to create an ice-resistant self-propelled platform (IRSPP) – an engineering structure for permanent basing of scientific observatories. The IRSPP is designed to conduct year-round comprehensive scientific research in the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean and should make a long drift of at least one year together with the surrounding ice massive. The scientific complex of the IRSPP includes 16 different laboratories, including an ice load monitoring laboratory. A unique ice load monitoring system (ILMS) has been developed for the IRSPP. The ILMS will be an essential part of the system of safe operation and persistence of the IRSPP and will provide the platform hull with a measurement tool for studying the mechanics of deformation and destruction of sea ice in its interaction with the engineering structures. In all respects, the IRSPP is unparalleled in the world. Its use can open a new chapter in the exploration of the Russian Arctic and in international collaboration aimed at studying the northern latitudes. The platform was put into operation in 2022.
Implementation of an electrical network monitoring system based on a non-contact temperature sensor and a current sensor based on the Hall effect
Authors: Burylov Dmitriy , Smirnov Vladimir , Dvoynikov Vladimir , Shpenst Vadim
Published: April 2023

The safety of people and the environment is an important issue at any enterprise. One of the main threats in the production environment is the occurrence of fire and the failure of electrical equipment. Fire alarm systems provide immediate evacuation of people and fight the source of fire. The article describes implementation of an electrical circuit system based on a non-contact temperature sensor and a Hall effect current sensor, which is necessary for fire prevention. The experiment showed that the data obtained is sufficient for timely change of current level in the conductors and prevention of emergency situation. The article consists of an introduction, theoretical information about the temperature sensor and current sensor based on the Hall effect, description of Bluetooth Mesh network topology, development of a wireless network diagram for the electrical network monitoring system, conclusion.
Quality analysis of voxel models obtained with remote sensing
Authors: Vystrchil Mikhail , Sukhov Arseniy , Rybakov Anton , Chura Mikhail , Artemova Galina
Published: April 2023

Use of the resource potential of the Arctic is impossible without reliable information about the spatial and temporal characteristics of the developed territories. The topographic and bathymetric information are needed to solve engineering and logistic tasks. Furthermore, surveying, geodetic surveying and geological surveys in these territories are limited by climatic conditions and their infrastructural remoteness. That means, that it’s needed to replace classical methods of performing geodetic works and surveys with the presence of workers on the object with modern automated methods of remote sensing of territories. That methods include the technologies of multipath echo-location, aerial or terrestrial laser scanning, photogrammetry and space sensing of the Earth. Despite the differences between these technologies, they are united by the result, the geospatial data, often called a “point cloud”. Such point clouds are not regular in their structure and form 3D-model of the object due to the redundant data, which makes processing, systematizing and storing this kind of the information more difficult. The paper considers the method of generalization of geospatial data, that allows to reduce these disadvantages by approximating local sections of the model with planes that fit into a fragment of a point cloud using the least squares method. The model described in the paper allow to statistically assess the quality of the initial data, to simplify next mathematical processing for solving specific engineering problems, including geomechanical, environmental and glaciological monitoring.
Peculiarities of climate change in the Arctic and implications for environmental management
Authors: Drachkova Lyudmila , Kondratov Nikolai , Trofimova Anna
Published: April 2023

The Arctic is the high-latitude part of the Far North, including the land area and the Arctic Ocean marine environment within the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation. The importance of the Arctic issues is due to the fact that in the Russian Federation the formation and scientific rationale of priorities for the development of circumpolar territory are ones of the key objectives of Russia’s economic development. The study of various areas and problems of Arctic development shows the particularly crucial role of geography in the formulation and solution of national economic objectives. The role of geography is becoming increasingly important not only because of the huge impact of the geographical factor in the Far North and the Arctic, but also due to remarkable differentiation of natural and social conditions of economic activity. In recent decades, the natural and socio-economic environment in the Arctic has been undergoing rapid transformation. One example is climate change, which may have an impact on environmental management on a global scale. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the current trends of climate change based on sources and to identify the impact of these processes on the processes of environmental management.
Indigenous hunting in the Russian Arctic: toward sustainable wildlife resource management
Authors: Klokov Konstantin
Published: April 2023

Arctic wildlife resource management must secure biodiversity without infringing on indigenous hunting rights. The article focuses on the bottlenecks in resource management of game species hunted by Arctic indigenous population. It is based on data collected by the author on subsistence and commercial hunting by indigenous peoples in several Russian Arctic regions and on the results of CAFF Arctic Migratory Birds Initiative (AMBI) projects on the assessment of hunting impact on Arctic migratory birds. Three main problems of Arctic game resource management are discussed: gapes in legislation related to the contradiction between the right of Arctic indigenous peoples to hunt without permission and the need to restrict hunting in order to maintain the balance of ecosystems; lack of reliable information on hunting resources, including both population numbers and harvest size; the practically total removal of hunters from the management of hunting resources. The Russian game resource management system in its current state does not meet the Arctic conditions. It needs to be revised towards official liberalization of indigenous hunting and more flexible game resource regulation considering interests of different groups of hunters.
Oil spill response technology for ice-covered waters in the Arctic
Authors: Mingazhev Askar , Shchipachev Andrey , Mingazheva Alisa
Published: April 2023

A technology for removing oil spills from under the ice, based on the use of the vortex funnel effect, is proposed. A comparative analysis of methods oil pollution removal from under the ice cover is carried out. Models of the processes of separation of the “ice-oil-water” system occurring in the vortex funnel are presented, as well as, based on the experiment, photo illustrations of the stages of formation of the vortex funnel and removal of oil from under-ice. The schemes of deployment and operation of mobile equipment for removing oil spills from under the ice are proposed. It is shown that the proposed approach to liquidation of emergency oil spills in the Arctic can be used to create means and technologies of liquidation of more large-scale disasters of this kind.
Global challenges and opportunities for Arctic oil and gas projects
Authors: Cherepovitsyn Alexey , Rutenko Evgeniya , Yudin Sergey
Published: April 2023

Integrated development of hydrocarbon potential is one of the high-priority tasks of the government of Russia policy in the Arctic region. When determining the prospects of oil and gas projects, it may be necessary to envisage ways of responding to large-scale changes in the global energy system, which significantly affect the timing, commercial and budgetary efficiency of project activities in the Arctic. The high level of turbulence creates new challenges for the Russian and global oil and gas complex associated with the strengthening of competition in traditional markets of hydrocarbon resources, the progressive development of technological innovation, and changes in the price environment. The main direction of development of the Arctic oil and gas sector should be quick adaptation to new conditions, reassessment of strategic planning systems of key market players, as well as a targeted state policy in relation to the formation of a favorable investment climate and flexible taxation system in the region. For the purpose of the study, an analysis of the factors of instability of the global energy system and their influence on the efficiency of operation of arctic hydrocarbon fields is conducted. The characteristics of the main directions of government policy in the Arctic zone, stimulating the production of hydrocarbons, are given. The potential limitations and opportunities for the implementation of oil and gas projects resulting from the transformation of the global raw materials market are identified and systematized.
Arctic climate policy development: taking public beliefs into account
Authors: Klyuchnikova Elena , Klyuchnikov Gleb
Published: April 2023

For the effective implementation of climate policy in the Arctic, public beliefs must be taken into account in its development. The research presented in this report shows that the majority are inclined to believe that climate change is occurring, where the younger generation associates these changes with anthropogenic impact, while the older respondents with natural causes. The majority are confident that climate change in the Russian Arctic will bring positive change, increase the standard of living in the Arctic, improve conditions for farming, and increase the intensity of traffic along the Northern Sea Route. Thus, the population is not ready to bear the possible costs when the climate policy is tightened; people’s expectations are aimed at increasing the comfort of living in the Arctic.
The Karelians: securing the right to preserve traditional habitats (experience of the republic of Karelia)
Authors: Yalovitsyna Svetlana
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of preserving the places of traditional residence of Karelians in modern conditions of significant reduction in the number of Karelians and dispersed residence in the Republic of Karelia (RK). As one of the tools to solve this problem the method of creating the List of Settlements of Traditional Karelian Residence (STKR) in the Republic of Karelia (RK) is considered. The article presents the current regulatory framework of the Russian Federation on the issues of indigenous minorities, including legislative acts and other regulatory documents concerning the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF), which includes six municipalities of the Republic of Karelia, inhabited by, among others, Karelians. Historical documents that illustrate the connection of specific territories with the Karelian tradition, including the arctic territories are used. The principles underlying the creation of the List of Settlements of Traditional Karelian Residence and examples of using the List to determine the boundaries of economic activities of logging and fish farming enterprises are listed. application of the List is aimed at creating conditions for sustainable development of Karelians in the Republic of Karelia. One of the important factors is the cultural continuity of the way of life. Violation of the principle of gradualness when introducing innovations, the lack of an adaptation period to build a balance with traditions can lead to unpredictable consequences for society.
Paleoreconstruction of natural conditions as the basis for the rational use of natural resource management on the territory of the Neva Lowland
Authors: Paranin Roman , Paranina Alina , Grigoryev Alexey , Larchenko Lyubov , Kiseleva Margarita
Published: April 2023

Modeling the evolution and dynamics of hydrological conditions of the Neva Lowland is of great theoretical and practical importance. The lowland is located in the Neva River basin, through which water from Europe’s largest Lake Ladoga flows. From the Mesolithic to the present day, the river has been a source of drinking water and biological resources and an important transportation route. The location of the river at a major crossroads of transcontinental routes connecting West and East, North and South Eurasia, determined the metropolitan functions of the territory and the development of the multi-million city of St. Petersburg. The city’s location on the Neva Lowland caused floods and gave rise to a number of environmental and geo-environmental problems. To optimize the use of natural resources, the cartographic models of the terrain are in great demand, on their basis it is possible to improve quantitative assessment and trends of waterlogging processes, submergence, risks of floods and disturbances in the water balance, exceeding the concentration of pollutants in water and bottom sediments. Reconstructions of hydrological conditions of the Neva Lowland in the Holocene are of interest for clarifying the evolution of natural and climatic conditions of the North-West Russian Plain. The aim of the article is to discuss the possibility of using GIS methods to study changes in hydrological conditions on the basis of actual data obtained so far in geography and archeology (geo-position and dating of objects of nature and material culture). The result of the work are maps that allow solving the problems of rational zoning of the territory, taking into account geological and environmental risks.