bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Prevalence of Heart Disease Risk Factors Among Staff of a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Dele-Ojo BF , Raimi TH , Fadare JO , Ajayi EA , Ajayi DD , Ojo OD , Dada SA , Ajayi OA , Ogunmodede JA
Published: November 2020

Background

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Hence, awareness of cardiovascular risk factors is an essential step towards effective reduction of the disease burden. This study determined the knowledge and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Staff of Ekiti State University. Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Methods

A cross-sectional study which comprised of 223 members of staff.

Results

There were 103 males (46.2%). Low knowledge of heart disease risk factors was found in 68.6% of the respondents. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight, obesity, physical inactivity was 35.4%, 12.1%, 31.8%, 23.3%, and 83% respectively. Family history of hypertension was a predictor of a high level of knowledge.

Conclusion

A low level of knowledge and increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors existed among staff of Ekiti State University, Nigeria. Hence, there should be a step-up of awareness campaigns and promotion of healthy lifestyle among this category of people.
Clinical management of pregnancies with positive screening results for rare autosomal aneuploidies at a single center
Authors: Gou Lingshan , Fang Yuan , Wang Na , Zhang Man , Liu Tianya , Wang Yi , Hu Shunan , Zhang Yan , Wu Qin , Wang Yifan , Suo Feng , Gu Maosheng
Published: November 2020

Objective

To review our experiences on clinical management of pregnancies with positive noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results for rare autosomal aneuploidies (RAAs) at a single center.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study and reviewed data from 18,016 pregnancies undergoing NIPT at a single center in China from March 2017 to February 2020. Depending on the patient’s choice, women with positive screening results for RAAs underwent chromosomal microarray analysis for invasive prenatal diagnosis.

Results

Thirty-three positive cases for RAAs were identified, with a positive screening rate of 0.18%. The most common RAA was trisomy 7 (33.3%), while trisomies for other chromosomes were less frequent. Monosomies involving chromosomes 16, 14, and 22 were observed. Twenty-eight cases of RAAs underwent invasive diagnosis. Abnormal pregnancy outcomes were observed in four cases, including true fetal mosaicism (n=1), partial uniparental disomy (n=1), miscarriage (n=1), and structural anomalies on ultrasound (n=1).

Conclusions

RAAs at NIPT might be associated with fetal uniparental disomy, mosaic aneuploidy, and poor pregnancy outcomes, but most positive cases have normal pregnancy outcomes. For RAAs, genetic counseling on the potential risks of abnormal NIPT results, as well as on benefits and limitations of invasive prenatal diagnosis, might help guide clinical management.
Combination of trastuzumab and taxane-containing intensified chemotherapy in first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Gürbüz Mustafa , Akkuş Erman , Sakin Abdullah , Urvay Semiha , Demiray Atike Gökçen , Şahin Süleyman , Şakalar Teoman , Erol Cihan , Şendur Mehmet ali Nahit , Şahin Ahmet Bilgehan , Çubukçu Erdem , Güven Deniz Can , Kılıçkap Saadettin , Ergün Yakup , Uncu Doğan , Turhal Nazım Serdar , Üskent Necdet , Yeşil Çınkır Havva , Demir Atakan , Acar Ramazan , Karadurmuş Nuri , Türker Sema , Altınbaş Mustafa , Karaoğlan Mert , Çay Şenler Filiz
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

Taxane-containing combinations are recommended for the first-line therapy of advanced gastric cancer. It is not known which chemotherapy regimen is the best with trastuzumab for HER2-positive patients. The aim of this study was to compare taxane-containing intensified chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy in combination with trastuzumab in the first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric adenocarcinoma.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective multicenter study of the Turkish Oncology Group. A total of 130 HER2-positive patients with inoperable locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma being given chemotherapy plus trastuzumab as the first-line treatment were included from 16 different oncology centers. Trastuzumab combination with intensified chemotherapy including taxane or standard chemotherapy was compared in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity.

Results:

There were 108 patients in the standard and 22 patients in the intensified chemotherapy group. PFS of the standard and intensified group were 5.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.8–6.4) and 5.3 months (95% CI 2.6–8), respectively ( p = 0.70). OS of the standard and intensified group were 11.1 months (95% CI 8.3–13.9) and 15.2 months (95% CI 12.7–17.7), respectively ( p = 0.03). Repeated analysis excluding patients given any previous therapy revealed similar results. The intensified group had more fever and febrile neutropenia.

Conclusion:

Trastuzumab combination with intensified chemotherapy provides better OS in first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Further large-scale studies should be performed in HER2-positive patients.
The bad expert
Authors: Sweet Paige L , Giffort Danielle
Published: November 2020

We focus on two cases in which participants narrate and perform a new culture of expertise by constructing a bad expert, a reviled or dangerous figure of scientific credibility gone wrong. We show that a key mechanism in the construction of expertise cultures is the use of antithesis performances, which are performances of scientific and professional credibility that rely on telling stories about a scientific enemy or ostracized Other. By performing the antithesis of the bad expert, actors help generate turning points in expertise, allowing new cultures of expertise to emerge. Our two case studies are: (1) feminist therapeutic expertise related to domestic violence, and (2) the revival of psychedelic medicine. In explicating these cases, we link the jurisdictional model of expertise (from the sociology of professions) with the network model of expertise (from science and technology studies): Cultural factors such as scientific narratives and embodied performances link together expert domains and forge new boundaries around expert practice.
Association Between Chronic Medical Conditions and Acute Perinatal Psychiatric Health-Care Encounters Among Migrants: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: McKnight Anthony , Vigod Simone N. , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Wanigaratne Susitha , Brown Hilary K.
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

To examine the relationship between prepregnancy chronic medical conditions (CMCs) and the risk of acute perinatal psychiatric health-care encounters (i.e., psychiatric emergency department visits, hospitalizations) among refugees, nonrefugee immigrants, and long-term residents in Ontario.

Methods:

We conducted a population-based study of 15- to 49-year-old refugees ( N = 29,189), nonrefugee immigrants ( N = 187,430), and long-term residents ( N = 641,385) with and without CMC in Ontario, Canada, with a singleton live birth in 2005 to 2015 and no treatment for mental illness in the 2 years before pregnancy. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk of a psychiatric emergency department visit or hospitalization from conception until 1 year postpartum among women with versus without CMC, stratified by migrant status. An unstratified model with an interaction term between CMC and migrant status was used to test for multiplicativity of effects.

Results:

The association between CMC and risk of a psychiatric emergency department visit or hospitalization was stronger among refugees (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 to 2.58) compared to long-term residents (aRR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.48; interaction P = 0.047). The strength of the association was no different in nonrefugee immigrants (aRR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.51) compared to long-term residents (interaction P = 0.45).

Conclusion:

Our study identifies refugee women with CMC as a high-risk group for acute psychiatric health care in the perinatal period. Preventive psychosocial interventions may be warranted to enhance supportive resources for all women with CMC and, in particular refugee women, to reduce the risk of acute psychiatric health care in the perinatal period.
Across Time, Across Space, and Intersecting in Complex Ways: A Framework for Assessing Impacts of Environmental Disruptions on Nature-Dependent Prosumers
Authors: Steinfield Laurel , Venugopal Srinivas , Appau Samuelson , Barrios Andres , Dadzie Charlene , Gau Roland , Holt Diane , Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet , Shultz Clifford
Published: November 2020

Environmental disruptions, such as extreme weather events or poisoning of natural resources, are increasing in frequency and intensity. These critical global problems demand market- and policy-based solutions. Adopting a Transformative Consumer Research perspective, this article examines the effects of environmental disruptions on the livelihoods of a very vulnerable group: nature-dependent prosumers. Nature-dependent prosumers often live in subsistence markets, but the impact of environmental disruptions on their lives can have repercussions throughout local and global systems. This article thus offers practitioners and researchers a framework, the “cross-scale intersectionality matrix” (CSIM), to better understand the differing impacts of environmental disruptions and envisage effective solutions. The CSIM reveals how environmental disruptions affect marketing systems’ exchanges of production and consumption (1) across multiple spatiotemporal scales, resulting in cross-scale impacts (per ecosystems theory) and (2) in diverse ways for groups/individuals experiencing intersectional power asymmetries such as geopolitical/economic power, classism/ableism, and sexism (per intersectionality theory). Building on insights from the CSIM framework, the authors propose improvements to research as well as policy and market-based solutions intended to enhance the well-being of nature-dependent prosumers.
A Viewpoint: Validation of Self-Reported Anxiety Screening Scales in Perinatal Populations– Outstanding Issues in the Validation Research Agenda
Authors: Adhikari Kamala , Bright Katherine , Metcalfe Amy , Patten Scott
Published: November 2020

In the absence of perinatal anxiety screening, clinically significant symptoms of anxiety remain under-detected and undertreated during perinatal period. Perinatal anxiety has a significant and far reaching impact on mothers and their children. There are well established recommendations for routine mental health screening during the perinatal period, yet less than one in five of providers routinely screen and one in seven women receive the mental health intervention they need. The validity of anxiety screening scales needs to be ascertained by criterion validity parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Criterion validity, which is assessed against a reference standard, allows clear interpretation of screening results, supporting their integration with clinical care pathways. However, few existing validation studies of anxiety scales in perinatal populations examined criterion validity. Construct validity of anxiety scales, the focus of existing validation studies, does not use reference standard; thus, it lacks clear clinical interpretability for screening application. Future validation studies should focus on assessing the criterion validity of anxiety scales in perinatal populations. This will help nurses, midwives, and other members of interdisciplinary teams to clarify scale validity, interpretation, and utility for screening women for anxiety in the perinatal period.
Adolescent Susceptibility to E-Cigarettes: An Update From the 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey
Authors: Tackett Alayna P. , Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Hébert Emily T. , Smith Caitlin E. , Wallace Samantha W. , Stevens Elise M. , Johnson Amanda L. , Wagener Theodore L.
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

Examine correlates of e-cigarette susceptibility among adolescents.

Design:

Secondary data analyses using the 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey, excluding participants under 12 and over 17.

Setting:

United States middle and high schools.

Subjects:

Never e-cigarette users ( n = 12,439) ages 12-17.

Measures:

Relationships between e-cigarette susceptibility and age, sex, race/ethnicity, ever tobacco use, perceived ease of purchasing tobacco products, perceived harm, relative addictiveness, household use of e-cigarettes/tobacco were examined.

Analysis:

Odds of susceptibility were modeled with weighted multivariable logistic regressions.

Results:

Thirty-five percent (unweighted n = 4,436) of adolescents were susceptible to e-cigarettes. Adolescents who were female (aOR = 1.2), Hispanic (aOR = 1.3), perceived e-cigarettes as anything less than “a lot of harm” (aOR = 2.2-4.9) and “easy” to purchase (aOR = 1.4), had ever used combustible tobacco (aOR = 2.9), or reported household use of e-cigarettes (aOR = 1.5) were susceptible. Non-Hispanic black respondents (vs. non-Hispanic white; aOR = 0.72) had significantly lower odds of susceptibility to e-cigarettes.

Conclusion:

In the 2018 NYTS adolescent sample, perceptions of harm and ease of tobacco product purchase appear to be significantly related to higher odds of e-cigarette susceptibility, in addition to other demographic factors. Longitudinal data, particularly cohort data following adolescents from susceptible to actual or no use, are needed to assess predictors of e-cigarette use initiation.
Deep eutectic solvent for curing of phthalonitrile resin: Lower the curing temperature but improve the properties of thermosetting
Authors: Qi Yu , Weng Zhihuan , Song Ce , Hu Yue , Liu Xin , Wang Jinyan , Zhang Shouhai , Liu Cheng , Jian Xigao
Published: November 2020

Long curing duration and high curing temperature are commonly known to restrict the application of the phthalonitrile resin. In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing ZnCl2 and urea has been developed to improve the curing process of the resorcinol-based phthalonitrile resin (DPPh) without sacrificing the useful properties of the resin. For the molar ratio of ZnCl2 and urea as 1:1 (ZnCl2-urea (1–1)), the initial curing temperature and apparent activation energy of the system were recorded as 179.5°C and 90.1 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating a reduction of 31.2% and 39.0% as compared to the pristine ZnCl2 system. More importantly, with curing time of 6 h and post-curing temperature of 300°C, the temperature at 5% weight loss as well as glass transition temperature of the resin with DES as the curing agent were 523.1°C and 370.2°C, respectively, demonstrating a significant improvement as compared to the resin cured with ZnCl2. In addition, the satisfactory long-term oxidation stability of the resin could also be obtained by employing the new curing agent. The findings from this study open a functional pathway for facile preparation of the high-performance curing agent for the phthalonitrile resin.
Dynamic behavior of resilient wheels at a rail weld joint
Authors: Xiao Guangwen , Xu Lei , Wu Bing , Yao Linquan , Xin Zhou
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamic response of the resilient wheel equipped on the intercity train at the rail weld. A vehicle-track coupling dynamics model with resilient wheels is developed. A rigid multi-body system with 55 degrees of freedom is utilized to model the vehicle system. The rubber layer of the resilient wheel is modeled as a three-directional spring-damper unit between the wheel rim and the wheel core. For the track sub-model, the rails were modelled as Euler Beam and supported by concrete sleepers modelled as mass block. The vehicle and track motion equations are represented as mass-stiffness-damping matrixes. The accuracy of this modeling method at low frequencies is verified via the comparison between the field measured data and numerical results. The dynamic results of the rigid wheel are compared with those of the resilient wheel. Results show that the dynamic wheel-rail force of the rigid wheel is slightly higher than that of the resilient wheel. Furthermore, the mass factor is introduced to investigate the effect of the rubber layer position on the tire acceleration and the wheel-rail impact force. The numerical simulation results are expected to provide references for resilient wheel application into the intercity train.
Design method of rail grinding target profile based on non-uniform rational B-spline
Authors: Lin Fengtao , Wang Songtao , Zhang Hai , Hu Weihao
Published: November 2020

The grinding strategies for worn rails have a significant influence on the service life and maintenance cost of railways. Current grinding strategies, grinding the worn rails to their original profiles, leads to excessive amount of material removed and reduction of rail service life. Based on Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline theory (NURBS), which contributes to the control of curve smoothness, a rail profile reconstruction method was established considering the geometrical characteristics of the rail profile. The design of economical grinding rail profile can be achieved by using optimization method, which regards the amount of material removed and derailment coefficient as objectives, aiming at reducing rail wear. A new rail profile can be designed by integration of Archard wear model, FE contact model and vehicle-track coupling dynamic model. The result indicated that the wear of left and right rail is reduced by 29.26% and 31.06% compared with original CN60 profile, respectively. With the new rail profile, the dynamic performance is improved, and the contact stress, fatigue index and the amount of material removed is reduced. This optimized rail grinding profile contributes to the reduction of rail wear and guarantees the safety of train operation.
Entrepreneurial Ability and Development of Micro Enterprise
Authors: Chatterjee Susmita , Datta Debabrata
Published: November 2020

Self-help groups (SHGs) are set up by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) with the objective of supporting poor people of India to set up micro enterprises. However, it is not at all easy to become an entrepreneur. The empirical observation shows that while some members of SHGs succeed in becoming entrepreneurs, other continue to remain just members. This article tries to identify the factors that help this entrepreneurship. It first develops a theoretical model and then carries out an empirical exercise with the help of ground-level surveys of SHGs in several districts of West Bengal. This empirical exercise with the help of logistic regression finds out that state help, financial access and existence of marketing opportunity are necessary for entrepreneurial success. Contrary to the general belief, more years of education does not help entrepreneurship. More revealing is the finding that protective social support deters entrepreneurship.
Developing the TIC Grade: A Youth Self-Report Measure of Perceptions of Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Sinko Laura , Beck Dana , Seng Julia
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:

Service delivery organizations are advancing the provision of trauma-informed care (TIC) for youth to improve outcomes. However, currently there are no validated, reliable evaluation measures to capture the voices of adolescent clients and how well they perceive TIC implementation.

AIMS:

The purpose of this project was to create an evaluation measure with strong content validity for adolescent health and service users to give feedback to organizations about their implementation of TIC. This article outlines Step 1 of our instrument development, by discussing our process creating the measure and affirming content validity. Psychometric testing of this measure (Step 2) is described in a companion paper.

METHODS:

We combined deductive theory substruction with an inductive participatory process to create, revise, and finalize the measure. The National Center for Trauma-Informed Care’s framework of four practices and six principles was substructed into an 18-item draft measure. A four-member community youth advisory board (CYAB) then worked to inductively modify our draft to provide age-appropriate clarity and ensure a nontriggering respondent experience. Finally, the CYAB members conducted cognitive interviews with 10 other adolescents in local evening data collection events, refining the measure for future psychometric testing.

RESULTS:

The process resulted in a 20-item form based on CYAB feedback. Refinements included providing an accessible definition of trauma, asking questions about trauma history, and asking whether trauma affected the client’s visit on the day of service use.

CONCLUSIONS:

The CYAB involvement enhanced content validity and ensured a trauma-informed instrument development approach.
Hydroxyl Radical Generation by Recyclable Photocatalytic Fe3O4/ZnO Nanoparticles for Water Disinfection
Authors: Maynez-Navarro Oscar D , Mendez-Rojas Miguel A , Flores-Cervantes D Xanat , Sanchez-Salas Jose L
Published: November 2020

Advanced oxidation processes based on photocatalytic generation of •OH radicals have emerged as promising technologies for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants in water. However, their poor recyclability has reduced their potential large-scale application. Herein, a Fe3O4-embedded ZnO system has been prepared and its photocatalytic •OH radicals activity was evaluated by monitoring the photo-assisted bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline ( pNDA). Water disinfection performance was determined by measuring Escherichia coli inactivation under different conditions. Bleaching of nearly 80% of the initial pNDA concentration after just 120 minutes under UV365nm irradiation was determined. Bacterial inactivation at different concentrations (0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 mg mL−1) of the Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite was determined, finding that the best performance was obtained at 0.1 mg mL−1 (90%) just after the first 30 minutes under UV irradiation. The materials are easily magnetically recovered and their performance evaluated after 3 consecutive cycles of reuse. These magnetic and photoactive nanocomposites showed improved performance and could be used for wastewater treatment or disinfection processes of water.
Acoustic optimization of curved architecture in practice: The new Strait Cultural Arts Center in Fuzhou
Authors: Jurkiewicz Yann , Moller Henrik , Wulfrank Thomas , Wang Jingbo , Kahle Eckhard
Published: November 2020

Curved surfaces are increasingly part of the architectural language used in buildings for the performing arts, yet have known challenges both in reality and in ray-tracing-based computer simulations. The designs of the 1000-seat symphony hall, the 1600-seat opera house and the 800-seat multi-purpose hall in Fuzhou, China, were all based on curved surfaces, both convex and concave, often covered with local ceramic tiles. Providing the right amount, distribution and quality of early reflections thus required a precise analysis of the acoustic behavior of curved surfaces. The acoustic design interacted with the architecture in precisely shaping those curves in 3D. In order to explore the acoustic potential and detect problems related to the architectural concept of both rooms, novel geometrical acoustics analysis algorithms were developed within NURBS modeling software rather than relying on commercial ray-tracing algorithms. Optimization of the curved surfaces is obtained when the output of these algorithms, the interpretation of the acoustic consultant, and the required integration of acoustic solutions within the global architectural concept are all aligned – a “meeting of minds” between acoustics and architecture. The analysis procedure and geometrical acoustics algorithms used will be presented in detail, as well as the related decision-making process, the acoustic predictions and the measurement results of the three built halls.
Cotinine as a measure of smoking in observational studies of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hedström Anna Karin , Olsson T , Alfredsson L
Published: November 2020

Studies using cotinine levels to define smokers have generally failed to detect an association between smoking and multiple sclerosis (MS). Using a Swedish population-based case-control study, we show that associations in relation to MS risk and progression differ considerably depending on how smoking is measured. The risk of conversion into secondary progressive disease was increased among smokers when self-reported smoking history, but not presumed cotinine levels, was used to define smokers. Defining smoking by cotinine levels without distinguishing between different sources of nicotine may lead to severely biased estimates of the association between smoking and both MS risk and progression.
Noise in the landscape: Disputing the visibility of mundane technological objects
Authors: Fukushima Masato
Published: November 2020

In recent years, a controversy has arisen in Japan regarding an ongoing landscape policy proposing to eliminate the forest of utility poles and electric wires that covers almost all urban and rural landscapes. The controversy is somewhat peculiar vis-à-vis the existing study of landscape, partly because of the utterly ubiquitous and non-monumental characteristics of the poles and partly because of the general apathy in public reaction to them. Drawing upon diverse academic sources, this interdisciplinary exploration unfolds a complex entanglement of tacit landscape ideas behind the controversy. The author discusses the effectiveness and limits of addressing both the substantial and visual aspects of the poles vis-à-vis the public and policy makers by using three conceptual frameworks: (1) ‘erasure’ in the landscape as palimpsest, (2) the dual aspects of ‘noise’, and (3) artialisation, in order to understand this mundane element of technological objects in the context of creating contemporary landscapes.
The role of diagnostics as a means of engaged scholarship and enhancing SME research
Authors: Gilman Mark , Salder Jacob
Published: November 2020

This paper explores the methodological challenges facing SME researchers through overdependence on quantitative methods. It proposes how a diagnostic-based form of engaged scholarship can enhance the portfolio of research tools and address existing deficits in current research methods by building on tools developed as part of a multi-determinant research process for exploring SME growth. The paper argues existing methods of SME research are insufficient to address their heterogeneous and context-dependent nature. New tools are therefore required to mitigate embedded shortcomings in terms of depth and breadth of understanding alongside impact for practice and for SMEs as active stakeholders in the research process. The design and implementation of diagnostic tools has the scope to address these deficits. The benefit of this paper is to outline an additional approach to SME research which addresses embedded issues in existing methods. It proposes a tool that addresses certain academic research challenges, but also integrates research more substantially with policy and SME requirements. In thus doing it makes a novel contribution to debates on how SME research is undertaken, to the development of methodological tools appropriate for dealing with the challenges of contemporary research, and to methodological approaches integrating research within wider networks and communities.
Emotion governance and practice resilience in the reflexive modernity: How community social workers in a low-risk Chinese city work with people from Wuhan
Authors: Wan Tingting
Published: November 2020

China’s stringent rules have made a remarkable achievement in COVID-19 pandemic control. Beyond the stringency and thorough measures, emotion governance and resilience play noteworthy roles in crisis response and management at community level. The essay adopts a narrative approach through my personal experiences, observations, family members’ storytelling and conversations with social workers. It draws on the lessons of China’s community governance during the outbreak of COVID-19 to understand how social work practices nudge people towards positive emotion and facilitate implementing state’s pandemic control policy in a community that consists of local residents and people from high-risk areas. It explores the bonding between emotion governance and resilient practice in communal pandemic control through interacting and constituting between state and society in the reflexive modernity.
Articulating worlds otherwise: decolonial geolinguistic praxis, multi-epistemic co-existence, and intercultural education and development programing in the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Yates Julian S , Núñez Núñez Justina
Published: November 2020

Focusing on key mediators of knowledge-exchange in the Andes – known as kamayoq – we explore a recursive politics of translation (historicized, power-laden processes of hierarchically ordering language and meaning). Focusing on intercultural and bilingual education and development programs in the Peruvian Andes, and connecting cultural geographical, anthropological, and critical socio-linguistic scholarship, we uncover how equivocations of Indigenous concepts reproduce a coloniality of knowledge and being. We explore how kamayoq re-purpose equivocations by reworking translations through Andean concepts and praxis, such as iskay yachay – a reciprocal dialogue among knowledges, which stresses epistemic multiplicity and diversity. We explore kamayoq praxis and iskay yachay as a decolonial geolinguistic praxis of articulating worlds (or ontologies) otherwise, in pursuit of multi-epistemic co-existence. Our findings raise questions about geographies of decolonial knowledges and praxis, particularly where potential decolonial praxis intersects with the formalized institutions of adult bilingual education and intercultural development programing.
Monitoring internal corrosion in steel pipelines: a two-step helical guided wave approach for localization and quantification
Authors: Livadiotis Stylianos , Ebrahimkhanlou Arvin , Salamone Salvatore
Published: November 2020

This article presents a two-step approach for the assessment of internal corrosion in cylindrical structures using helical guided ultrasonic waves. The approach consists of two steps such as (1) localization and (2) estimation of the size of the corroded area. Localization is performed with the algebraic reconstruction technique where the energy ratio of the two fundamental Lamb modes S0 and A0 is used as input damage coefficient. Using the output of the localization step, the size of the corroded area is estimated by iteratively solving the eikonal equation using a finite-difference approach. The proposed approach is validated by an accelerated corrosion test. Furthermore, numerical simulations are carried out to study the interaction of the energy ratio and the phase velocity travel time with various thickness profiles acquired from the experiment. The proposed approach is validated against the experimental data up to approximately 50% thickness loss.
Understanding How Sustainability Initiatives Fail: A Framework to Aid Design of Effective Interventions
Authors: Brough Aaron R. , Donnelly Grant E. , Griskevicius Vladas , Markowitz Ezra M. , Raimi Kaitlin T. , Reeck Crystal , Trudel Remi , Waldman Kurt B. , Winterich Karen Page , Wolske Kimberly S.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Many sustainability initiatives are successful and produce results that benefit the environment. However, others miss the mark and fail to produce the desired outcome. Past research has typically focused on understanding why initiatives fail, without first considering differences in how they fail.

Focus of the Article:

This manuscript is related to Research and Evaluation—specifically, the social marketing concept it focuses on is evaluating the outcome of sustainability initiatives.

Research Question:

What are the different ways in which sustainability initiatives can fail?

Program Design/Approach:

A multi-day workshop of interdisciplinary behavioral sustainability scholars led to the identification of five systematic differences in how sustainability initiatives can fail, suggesting that failure can take on not only different levels of severity, but different forms altogether. Within this framework, we provide examples of each type of failure.

Importance to the Social Marketing Field:

We argue that diagnosing how instead of just why an initiative fails offers important insights that can reduce the likelihood of future failures—insights that may be missed by a narrow focus on the why behind any given failure.

Recommendations for Research or Practice:

The identification of the different ways in which sustainability initiatives fail can lead to improvements in the design and implementation of behavioral interventions, facilitating successful sustainability outcomes and preventing unintended outcomes. Specific recommendations are discussed for each type of failure.

Limitations:

The examples in our framework are not exhaustive, but are instead intended to be illustrative exemplars of each type of failure. Moreover, as our focus is on how sustainability initiatives fail, we do not attempt to diagnose why particular initiatives fail.
Multimodality Treatment for Nonhealing Wound With Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Kakar Jayesh
Published: November 2020

We treated a 25-year-old male sickle cell disease (SCD) patient with a long-standing wound of the lower limb with radiologically confirmed osteomyelitis of the tibia, successfully managed by multimodality treatment. Culture of the wound after sequestrectomy revealed a Staphylococcus aureus infection, which was treated with appropriate antibiotics as per culture and sensitivity results. The patient had been under treatment for the same since 3 years in his home country with no improvement. He had a history of a leg ulcer due to injury and as is common in SCD patients, the ulcer led to bone infection. He had taken long courses of antibiotics and surgical drainage of pus, which are the usual treatment modalities used in such patients, with extended periods to healing and long durations of pain and tenderness. In this case systemic antibiotics were used only for 7 days. Low-molecular-weight heparin and dextran, negative pressure wound therapy coupled with nano silver dressings and hyperbaric oxygen treatment for 15 days led to the patient being pain free within 10 days of instituting treatment. The patient healed completely after 1 year and has been incident free since the past 10 years. In essence, this case has shown that multi-modality treatment may lead to faster wound closure and reduction in pain in SCD patients suffering from osteomyelitis.
An efficient method for network security situation assessment
Authors: Tao Xiaoling , Kong Kaichuan , Zhao Feng , Cheng Siyan , Wang Sufang
Published: November 2020

Network security situational assessment, the core task of network security situational awareness, can obtain security situation by comprehensively analyzing various factors that affect network status. Thus, network security situational assessment can provide accurate security state evaluation and security trend prediction for users. Although plenty of network security situational assessment methods have been proposed, there are still many problems to solve. First, because of high dimensionality of input data, computational complexity in model construction could be very high. Moreover, most of the existing schemes trade computational overhead for accuracy. Second, due to the lack of centralized standard, the weights of indicators are usually determined empirically or by subjective opinions of domain expert. To solve the above problems, we propose a novel network security situation assessment method based on stack autoencoding network and back propagation neural network. In stack autoencoding network and back propagation neural network, to reduce the data storage overhead and improve computational efficiency, we use stack autoencoding network to reduce the dimensions of the indicator data. And the low-dimensional data output by hidden layer of stack autoencoding network will be the input data of the error back propagation neural network. Then, the back propagation neural network algorithm is adopted to perform network security situation assessment. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
“Society Wants to See a True Victim”: Police Interpretations of Victims of Sexual Violence
Authors: Ricciardelli Rosemary , Spencer Dale C. , Dodge Alexa
Published: November 2020

Despite attempts to rectify the injustices experienced by victims of sexual violence within the criminal justice system, unfounded rates for sexual violence remain high and many victims continue to feel disempowered and voiceless. In this context, police officers wrestle with how to support victims, while protecting those who may be falsely accused and grappling with deeply imbedded cultural beliefs about who constitutes a “true” victim. In the current article, we draw on interviews with officers working in Internet Child Exploitation, sex crimes, and child abuse units across 10 Canadian police service organizations to understand how police interpret and respond to child, youth, and adult victims of sex crimes. We unpack the range of interpretations of victims, explore if and how interpretations of victims translate into police perceptions of their interactions with victims, and their interpretations of the possible outcomes that can be offered in the investigation. We highlight the difficulties officers encounter as they strive to balance their occupational role with victims’ needs. We argue that police interpretations of sexual violence and sexual violence victims are shaped by the officer’s adherence to or rejection of understandings of the “ideal victim”.
Fatigue life prediction of heavy vehicle suspension system under varying load conditions
Authors: Thillikkani S , Nataraj M
Published: November 2020

Leaf spring experiences frequent cyclic loading during working conditions. When design stage itself it is very essential to assess the fatigue life of the suspension system. It is important to consider and evaluate the key aspects of fatigue failure and life by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) techniques to overcome these failures. This paper serves to stimulate the premature failure of the existing and proposed bracket model with generalized force elements under dynamic load conditions. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to identify the bracket failure prone areas which indicate that the cyclic load in the suspension system is caused by rural area road-induced vibrations and bumps. This contributes to the increase of the fatigue fracture, which ends up with a bracket failure. The results indicated that the fatigue life of existing bracket is low for rough road conditions; the modified bracket has been optimized for the safe load conditions of the heavy vehicle suspension system
Time-dependent, dynamic prediction of fatty acid-binding protein 4, Galectin-3, and soluble ST2 measurement with poor outcome after acute stroke
Authors: Hansen Christina , Sastre Cristina , Wolcott Zoe , Bevers Matthew B , Kimberly W Taylor
Published: November 2020

Background

Time-dependent change in the level of biomarkers after stroke is not well understood. We sought to compare fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), Galectin-3, and soluble ST2 to ascertain for a change in prediction of outcome at admission and 48 h later.

Methods

Plasma FABP4, Galectin-3, and soluble ST2 were measured in biospecimens from acute stroke patients at the time of admission ( n = 383) and 48 h later ( n = 244). Functional outcome was assessed at 90 days using the modified Rankin Scale and dichotomized into good (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3–6).

Results

On admission, elevated levels of each biomarker predicted poor outcome (FABP4: OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.42–2.59, P < 0.0001; Galectin-3: OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.42–2.40, P < 0.0001; soluble ST2: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22–1.97, P < 0.0001) and death (FABP4: OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.51–3.98; P < 0.0001; Galectin-3: OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.50–3.30; P < 0.0001; soluble ST2: OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.58–2.99; P < 0.0001). At 48 h, soluble ST2 predicted poor outcome (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.77–3.88, P < 0.0001) and mortality (OR 3.36, 95% CI 2.06–5.48, P < 0.0001), and Galectin-3 predicted mortality only (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.05–3.10, P = 0.033). FABP4 measured at 48 h was not predictive of outcome or death. Associations of Galectin-3 and soluble ST2 with outcome or mortality were independent of age, sex, and NIHSS, whereas those with FABP4 were not.

Conclusions

Galectin-3 performed better when measured on admission, whereas soluble ST2 was predictive at admission and better at 48 h after stroke. The time-dependent differences may reflect the evolving role of these pathways after acute stroke.
Biological functions and theranostic potential of HMGB family members in human cancers
Authors: Niu Liaoran , Yang Wanli , Duan Lili , Wang Xiaoqian , Li Yiding , Xu Chengchao , Liu Chao , Zhang Yujie , Zhou Wei , Liu Jinqiang , Zhao Qingchuan , Han Yu , Hong Liu , Fan Daiming
Published: November 2020

The high mobility group box (HMGB) protein family consists of four members: HMGB1, 2, 3, and 4. They share similar amino acid sequences and identical functional regions, especially HMGB1, 2, and 3. The homology in structure may lead to similarity in function. In fact, though their targets may be different, they all possess the fundamental function of binding and distorting target DNAs. However, further research confirmed they are distributed differently in tissues and involved in various distinct physiological and pathological cellular processes, including cell proliferation, division, migration, and differentiation. Recently, the roles of HMGB family members in carcinogenesis has been widely investigated; however, systematic discussion on their functions and clinical values in malignant tumors is limited. In this review, we mainly review and summarize recent advances in knowledge of HMGB family members in terms of structure, distribution, biochemical cascades, and specific mechanisms regarding tumor progression. Importantly, the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of these proteins in cancers is discussed. Finally, we envisage the orientation and challenges of this field in further studies.
Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking Analysis of Potential Common Mechanisms of Shu-Feng-Jie-Du Capsule in the Treatment of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Ying , Xie Yi , Yu Bing , Yuan Chong , Yuan Zixin , Hong Zongchao , Wu Hezhen , Yang Yanfang
Published: November 2020

Shu-Feng-Jie-Du Capsules (SFJDCs) have been clinically proven to have a good therapeutic effect on COVID-19 in China. This study aimed to analyze the common mechanisms of SFJDC in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19 via network pharmacology and molecular docking. We further explored the potential application value of SFJDC in the treatment of coronavirus infection. All components of SFJDC were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The viral associated targets of the active components were forecast using the Pharmmapper database and GeneCards. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery and KOBAS 3.0 system were used for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of SFJDC’s core targets. Further, the protein–protein interaction network was built using STRING database. The herb–component network and component–target–pathway network were constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2. The core active components of SFJDC were docked with core targets and COVID-19 coronavirus 3 Cl hydrolase and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via Discovery Studio 2016 software. A total of 110 active components were filtered from SFJDC, with 47 core targets, including epidermal growth factor receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, and interleukin 6. There were 416 GO items in the GO enrichment analysis ( P < .05) and 57 signaling pathways ( P < .05) in KEGG, mainly including pathways in cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, apoptosis, and neurotrophin signaling pathway, among others. The results of molecular docking showed that luteolin and rhein had a higher docking score with 3 Cl, ACE2, and core targets of SFJDC for antiviral effect. SFJDC is characterized by multicomponent, multitarget, and multisignaling pathways for the treatment of coronavirus infection. The mechanism of action of SFJDC in the treatment of MERS, SARS, and COVID-19 may be associated with the regulation of genes coexpressed with ACE2 and immune- related signaling pathways.
Granulomatous prostatitis: A clinico-pathological series of 27 cases
Authors: Suteri Pooja , Ahuja Arvind , Sen Achin K , Goel Hemant , Bhardwaj Minakshi , Chauhan Devendra Singh , Paliwal Purnima
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the incidence and discern the histomorphological spectrum of granulomatous prostatitis.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of histopathological records of 1773 prostatic specimens received in the pathology department was done over a period of seven years. All histologically proven cases of granulomatous prostatitis were retrieved, the relevant clinical data were collected from patient records and the lesions were categorized accordingly.

Results:

Out of 1773 cases, 27 cases of granulomatous prostatitis were identified. The age range of these patients was between 50 and 89 years. Among the patients, non-specific granulomatous prostatitis (NSGP) was the most common followed by tubercular prostatitis, post-surgical prostatitis and xanthogranulomatous prostatitis. Three cases of post-surgical prostatitis were associated with malignancy. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ranged between 0.8 and 20.94 ng/mL (median 10.78 ng/mL). The diagnosis was made by histopathological examination of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided core biopsies, Trucut biopsies, transuretheral resection of prostate chips, prostatectomy and cystoprostatectomy specimens.

Conclusion:

In the present study, the incidence of granulomatous prostatitis was 1.5%. The patients usually present as hard nodules on digital rectal examination along with raised serum PSA levels. Carcinoma or benign prostatic hyperplasia was kept as a clinical diagnosis in these cases. Since the diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis is made on histopathological examination only, meticulous histomorphological assessment is therefore required to reach a definitive diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis.
Viral Data
Authors: Leszczynski Agnieszka , Zook Matthew
Published: November 2020

We are experiencing a historical moment characterized by unprecedented conditions of virality: a viral pandemic, the viral diffusion of misinformation and conspiracy theories, the viral momentum of ongoing Hong Kong protests, and the viral spread of #BlackLivesMatter demonstrations and related efforts to defund policing. These co-articulations of crises, traumas, and virality both implicate and are implicated by big data practices occurring in a present that is pervasively mediated by data materialities, deeply rooted dataist ideologies that entrench processes of datafication as granting objective access to truth and attendant practices of tracking, data analytics, algorithmic prediction, and data-driven targeting of individuals and communities. This collection of papers explores how data (and their absences) is figuring in the making of the discourses, lived realities, and systemic inequalities of the uneven impacts of the coronavirus pandemic.