bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased projected changes in quasi-resonant amplification and persistent summer weather extremes in the latest multimodel climate projections
Authors: Guimarães Sullyandro O. , Mann Michael E. , Rahmstorf Stefan , Petri Stefan , Steinman Byron A. , Brouillette Daniel J. , Christiansen Shannon , Li Xueke
Published: September 2024

High-amplitude quasi-stationary atmospheric Rossby waves with zonal wave numbers 6–8 associated with the phenomenon of quasi-resonant amplification (QRA) have been linked to persistent summer extreme weather events in the Northern Hemisphere. QRA is not well-resolved in current generation climate models, therefore, necessitating an alternative approach to assessing their behavior. Using a previously-developed fingerprint-based semi-empirical approach, we project future occurrence of QRA events based on a QRA index derived from the zonally averaged surface temperature field, comparing results from CMIP 5 and 6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project). There is a general agreement among models, with most simulations projecting substantial increase in QRA index. Larger increases are found among CMIP6-SSP5-8.5 (42 models, 46 realizations), with 85% of models displaying a positive trend, as compared with 60% of CMIP5-RCP8.5 (33 models, 75 realizations), with a reduced spread among CMIP6-SSP5-8.5 models. CMIP6-SSP3-7.0 (23 models, 26 realizations) simulations display qualitatively similar behavior to CMIP6-SSP5-8.5, indicating a substantial increase in QRA events under business-as-usual emissions scenarios, and the results hold regardless of the increase in climate sensitivity in CMIP6. Projected aerosol reductions in CMIP6-SSP3-7.0-lowNTCF (5 models, 16 realizations) lead to halting effect in QRA index and Arctic Amplification during the 1st half of the twenty-first century. Our analysis suggests that anthropogenic warming will likely lead to an even more substantial increase in QRA events (and associated summer weather extremes) than indicated by past analyses.
Gliding motility of the diatom Craspedostauros australis coincides with the intracellular movement of raphid-specific myosins
Authors: Davutoglu Metin G. , Geyer Veikko F. , Niese Lukas , Soltwedel Johannes R. , Zoccoler Marcelo L. , Sabatino Valeria , Haase Robert , Kröger Nils , Diez Stefan , Poulsen Nicole
Published: September 2024

Raphid diatoms are one of the few eukaryotes capable of gliding motility, which is remarkably fast and allows for quasi-instantaneous directional reversals. Besides other mechanistic models, it has been suggested that an actomyosin system provides the force for diatom gliding. However, in vivo data on the dynamics of actin and myosin in diatoms are lacking. In this study, we demonstrate that the raphe-associated actin bundles required for diatom movement do not exhibit a directional turnover of subunits and thus their dynamics do not contribute directly to force generation. By phylogenomic analysis, we identified four raphid diatom-specific myosins in Craspedostauros australis (CaMyo51A-D) and investigated their in vivo localization and dynamics through GFP-tagging. Only CaMyo51B-D but not CaMyo51A exhibited coordinated movement during gliding, consistent with a role in force generation. The characterization of raphid diatom-specific myosins lays the foundation for unraveling the molecular mechanisms that underlie the gliding motility of diatoms.
Loss of electrical β-cell to δ-cell coupling underlies impaired hypoglycaemia-induced glucagon secretion in type-1 diabetes
Authors: Hill Thomas G. , Gao Rui , Benrick Anna , Kothegala Lakshmi , Rorsman Nils , Santos Cristiano , Acreman Samuel , Briant Linford J. , Dou Haiqiang , Gandasi Nikhil R. , Guida Claudia , Haythorne Elizabeth , Wallace Marsha , Knudsen Jakob G. , Miranda Caroline , Tolö Johan , Clark Anne , Davison Lucy , Størling Joachim , Tarasov Andrei , Ashcroft Frances M. , Rorsman Patrik , Zhang Quan
Published: September 2024

Diabetes mellitus involves both insufficient insulin secretion and dysregulation of glucagon secretion1. In healthy people, a fall in plasma glucose stimulates glucagon release and thereby increases counter-regulatory hepatic glucose production. This response is absent in many patients with type-1 diabetes (T1D)2, which predisposes to severe hypoglycaemia that may be fatal and accounts for up to 10% of the mortality in patients with T1D3. In rats with chemically induced or autoimmune diabetes, counter-regulatory glucagon secretion can be restored by SSTR antagonists4–7 but both the underlying cellular mechanism and whether it can be extended to humans remain unestablished. Here, we show that glucagon secretion is not stimulated by low glucose in isolated human islets from donors with T1D, a defect recapitulated in non-obese diabetic mice with T1D. This occurs because of hypersecretion of somatostatin, leading to aberrant paracrine inhibition of glucagon secretion. Normally, KATP channel-dependent hyperpolarization of β-cells at low glucose extends into the δ-cells through gap junctions, culminating in suppression of action potential firing and inhibition of somatostatin secretion. This ‘electric brake’ is lost following autoimmune destruction of the β-cells, resulting in impaired counter-regulation. This scenario accounts for the clinical observation that residual β-cell function correlates with reduced hypoglycaemia risk8.
Acoustically semitransparent nanofibrous meshes appraised by high signal-to-noise-ratio MEMS microphones
Authors: Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Anzinger Sebastian , Acanfora Giovanni , Farrel Aloysius , Sabatini Valentina , Grimoldi Elisa , Marelli Vasco , Ovsiannikov Nikita , Tkachuk Konstantin , Tosolini Giordano , Lucignano Carmine , Mietta Marco , Zhang Guangzhao , Fueldner Marc , Peiner Erwin
Published: September 2024

Microelectromechanical system-based microphones demand high ingress protection levels with regard to their use in harsh environment. Here, we develop environmental protective components comprising polyimide nanofibers combined onto polyether ether ketone fabric meshes and subsequently appraise their impact on the electroacoustic properties of high signal-to-noise-ratio microelectromechanical system-based microphones via industry-standard characterizations and theoretical simulations. Being placed directly on top of the microphone sound port, the nanofiber mesh die-cut parts with an inner diameter of 1.4 mm result in signal-to-noise-ratio and insertion losses of (2.05 ± 0.16) dB(A) and (0.30 ± 0.11) dBFS, respectively, in electroacoustic measurements. Hence, a high signal-to-noise-ratio value of (70.05 ± 0.17) dB(A) can be maintained by the mesh-protected microphone system. Due to their high temperature stability, acoustic performance, environmental robustness, and industry-scale batch production, these nanofibrous meshes reveal high potential to be practically implemented in high-market-volume applications of packaged microelectromechanical system-based microphones.
Rethinking sustainability of marine fisheries for a fast-changing planet
Authors: Roberts Callum , Béné Christophe , Bennett Nathan , Boon James S. , Cheung William W. L. , Cury Philippe , Defeo Omar , De Jong Cleyndert Georgia , Froese Rainer , Gascuel Didier , Golden Christopher D. , Hawkins Julie , Hobday Alistair J. , Jacquet Jennifer , Kemp Paul , Lam Mimi E. , Le Manach Frédéric , Meeuwig Jessica J. , Micheli Fiorenza , Morato Telmo , Norris Catrin , Nouvian Claire , Pauly Daniel , Pikitch Ellen , Amargos Fabian Piña , Saenz-Arroyo Andrea , Sumaila U. Rashid , Teh Louise , Watling Les , O’Leary Bethan C.
Published: September 2024

Many seafood products marketed as “sustainable” are not. More exacting sustainability standards are needed to respond to a fast-changing world and support United Nations SDGs. Future fisheries must operate on principles that minimise impacts on marine life, adapt to climate change and allow regeneration of depleted biodiversity, while supporting and enhancing the health, wellbeing and resilience of people and communities. We set out 11 actions to achieve these goals.
MALDI imaging combined with two-photon microscopy reveals local differences in the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer
Authors: Bharti Arora , Ajinkya Kulkarni , Andrea Markus M. , Fernanda Ramos-Gomes , Hanibal Bohnenberger , Philipp Ströbel , Frauke Alves , Oliver Klein
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accentuated by its heterogeneity and complex tumour microenvironment (TME). The role of TME on tumour pathophysiology is pivotal, especially the influence of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen. We introduce a novel multimodal imaging strategy to unravel the complex spatial heterogeneity of CRC by integrating the imaging features from two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) and histology with proteomics signatures from matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). Our study is the first to correlate the structural coherence of collagen fibres and the nuclei distribution profile of tumour tissue with the peptide signatures, offering insights into the proteomic landscape of CRC within regions of high nuclei distribution (HND), as well as chaotic and organised regions of collagen. We use this approach to distinguish the patient tissues originating from left-sided colorectal cancer (LSCC) and from right-sided colorectal cancer (RSCC). This discriminative signature highlights the role of high nuclei distribution and collagen architecture in tumour progression. Complementary m/z values of several proteins associated to components of ECM, such as plectin, vinculin, vimentin, and myosin, have shown differentially intensity distributions between LSCC and RSCC. Our findings demonstrate the potential of combining structural information with peptide features to identify molecular signatures in different tumour regions and retrieve new insights into CRC pathophysiology.
Hydrogen storage in a sandwich structure by assembly of BNs and MOFs
Authors: Sun Lu , Huang Xiaojia , Kong Yihan , Jia Jiangtao , Zhu Guangshan
Published: September 2024

A material of sandwich-like structure for hydrogen storage was obtained by h-BNs and MOFs via self-assembly and exhibited higher H2 adsorption capacity, which was 1.7 times that of h-BN nanosheets.
Aqueous two-phase systems – versatile and advanced (bio)process engineering tools
Authors: Jorge Alexandre M. S. , Pereira Jorge F. B.
Published: September 2024

Aqueous two-phase systems are the “Swiss Army Knives” for creating cost-effective and sustainable solutions in advanced (bio)process engineering.
Advances in mechanism for the microbial transformation of heavy metals: implications for bioremediation strategies
Authors: Ding Chunlian , Ding Zihan , Liu Qingcai , Liu Weizao , Chai Liyuan
Published: September 2024

Microbial transformation processes of heavy metals, including immobilization, oxidation or reduction, and (de)methylation, can provide various bioremediation strategies for heavy metals-contaminated enviroments.
Manganese-enriched CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals for self-assembled supercrystals
Authors: Lapointe Victoria , Majewski Marek B.
Published: September 2024

Increasingly uniform cubic supercrystals that eventually become rod-like are obtained from self-assembly of Mn2+-enriched CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals.
Viologen-based Ln-MOF material with photochromicity and photoluminescence for anticounterfeiting
Authors: Cui Wen-Bo , Huang Li , Shen Yuan , Yu Xiao-Yang , Li Zi-Yi , Zhang Hong
Published: September 2024

Two rare-earth viologen-based materials with photochromic and electrochromic properties have been developed for application in the field of anti-counterfeiting.
Theoretical design of phosphorus-doped perylene derivatives as efficient singlet fission chromophores
Authors: Li Tianyu , Xue Lin , Ma Lishuang , Wang Xianyuan , Fan Xiaonan , Cui Boce , Tang Linglong , Yao Wen , Zhang Teng , Shen Li , Liu Heyuan
Published: September 2024

Phosphorus-doped perylene-based singlet fission candidates have been designed and evaluated for extending the library of singlet fission sensitizers.
Computational insights into Diels–Alder reactions of paramagnetic endohedral metallofullerenes: M@C82 (M = Sc, Y, La) and La@C72
Authors: Nie Linfeng , Sun Yuanyuan , Wang Yang
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive DFT analysis of Diels–Alder reactions between cyclopentadiene and metallofullerenes Sc, Y, and La@C82 and La@C72, considering concerted and stepwise mechanisms.
Recent synthetic strategies for the functionalization of fused bicyclic heteroaromatics using organo-Li, -Mg and -Zn reagents
Authors: Dhayalan Vasudevan , Dodke Vishal S. , Pradeep Kumar Marappan , Korkmaz Hatice Seher , Hoffmann-Röder Anja , Amaladass Pitchamuthu , Dandela Rambabu , Dhanusuraman Ragupathy , Knochel Paul
Published: September 2024

This review presents various new strategies for the functionalization of 5 and 6-membered fused heteroaromatics. These synthetic strategies enable rapid access to complex heterocyclic compounds.
AI enabled fast charging of lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles during their life cycle: review, challenges and perspectives
Authors: Sun Daoming , Guo Dongxu , Lu Yufang , Chen Jiali , Lu Yao , Han Xuebing , Feng Xuning , Lu Languang , Wang Hewu , Ouyang Minggao
Published: September 2024

This review presents a thorough investigation of factors affecting fast charging, battery modeling, key state estimation and fast charging control strategies and provides a forward-looking perspective on AI enabled fast charging technology of LIBs.
Influence of surface roughness and metal oxide nanoparticles on airframe with icephobic coatings
Authors: Yeadon Kate , Lai Edward P. C. , Huang Xiao , Song Naiheng
Published: September 2024

Better understanding of aircraft icing, at surface temperatures for water freezing, was gained using a new cyclic voltammetry technique against the effects of different icephobic coatings and metal oxide nanoparticles.
Sonication labile PEG-based hydrogel system for biological component suspension and subsequent degradation
Authors: Arguien Meagan N. , Kamps Joshua T. , Muth Sarah A. , Trujillo-Lemon Marianela , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: September 2024

Phthalaldehyde incorporation in hydrogels to yield mechanically degradable materials shown to be compatible with biological component suspension and release.
Boosting organic solar cell efficiency via tailored end-group modifications of novel non-fused ring electron acceptors
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Wei Nan , Cheng Yetai , Zhang Andong , Bian Ziqing , Lu Hao , Zhu Xiangwei , Liu Yahui , Wei Yaoyao , Bo Zhishan
Published: September 2024

In this study, we designed and synthesized two NFREAs, 2BTh-3F and 2BTh-CN, incorporating distinct substituents to modulate their electron-withdrawing properties.
Correction: Understanding mono- and bi-metallic Au and Ni nanoparticle responses to fast heating
Authors: Itina Tatiana E.
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Understanding mono- and bi-metallic Au and Ni nanoparticle responses to fast heating’ by Tatiana E. Itina et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4na00634h.
Continuous wave laser fabrication of small pitch/size perovskite pixels realizes high-resolution color conversion micro-LED displays
Authors: Ma Teng , Chen Jun , Chen Ziyi , Wang Run , Hu Jinning , Guo Weishu , Lv Rongqiu , Wang Xiaoting , Xu Rongrong , Yin Qianxi , Lai Jiancheng , Ji Botao , Xiang Hengyang , Li Zhenhua , Zeng Haibo
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a CW laser direct writing strategy for small size/pitch PQDs array displays, which overcomes the processing difficulties and mass transfer limitations, and is applied to color conversion Micro-LED and laser projection displays.
Functionalisation of graphite and thermally reduced graphene oxide with bis-hydrazone copper(i) nitrate salt
Authors: Zabierowski Piotr W. , Děkanovský Lukáš , Mazánek Vlastimil , Hodorowicz Maciej , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: September 2024

The solvothermal functionalization of graphite and thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) using a bis-hydrazone copper(i) complex is demonstrated. The hybrid composites show promise as potential components for gas sensors.
Controlled synthesis and pH-sensitive complexation of poly(methacrylic acid) polyampholytes
Authors: Nikishau Pavel , Kozlovskaya Veronika , Kharlampieva Eugenia
Published: September 2024

A controlled synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid-co-amine) statistical polyampholytes with excess COOH groups is developed. The study explores the formation of polyampholyte complexes in these copolymers, controlled by pH and NaCl concentration.
Metal–organic frameworks in drug delivery: engineering versatile platforms for therapeutic applications
Authors: Khafaga Doaa S. R. , El-Morsy Manar T. , Faried Habiba , Diab Ayah H. , Shehab Shaimaa , Saleh Ahmed M. , Ali Gomaa A. M.
Published: September 2024

Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention as versatile materials for drug delivery and personalized medicine.
Experimental and numerical research on the effects of pressure and CO2 dilution on soot formation in laminar co-flow methane/air diffusion flames
Authors: Zhou Yinggui , Zhang Pengxiang , Wang Shengfu , Cai Jie , Xi Jianfei
Published: September 2024

An experimental and numerical investigation was conducted to examine the formation of soot in methane/air laminar diffusion flames under varying CO2 dilution ratios, ranging from 0% to 40%, and pressures between 5 and 10 atm.
Effects on molecular interactions of hollow gold nanoparticles and antibody for sensitizing P24 antigen determination
Authors: Wang Tao , Ran Chuanjiang , He Xinyue , Li Shengzhou , Xiang Hongguang , Shen Yan , Wang Jue , Wei Hongxia
Published: September 2024

This article constructed a hollow gold immunochromatographic strip system and studied the effect of the binding mechanism between hollow gold and antibodies on the sensitivity of the strip.
Detection of nitro-aromatics using C5N2 as an electrochemical sensor: a DFT approach
Authors: Nabeela  , Hashmi Muhammad Ali , Saqib Ahmad Nauman Shah , Kamran Aqsa , Lakhani Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Nitroaromatics are hazardous pollutants. This study investigates C5N2 as a sensor for 1,3-DNB, TNT, and picric acid using DFT. Picric acid exhibited the strongest interaction, indicating C5N2's potential as a selective sensor for nitroaromatics.
MA’AT analysis of the O-glycosidic linkages of oligosaccharides using nonconventional NMR J-couplings: MA’AT and MD models of phi
Authors: Meredith Reagan J. , Zhang Wenhui , Yoon Mi-Kyung , Hu Xiaosong , Carmichael Ian , Serianni Anthony S.
Published: September 2024

The use of two-bond 13C–1H spin-coupling constants as nonconventional constraints in MA'AT analyses of the phi torsion angles of O-glycosidic linkages improves the agreement between MA'AT- and MD-determined probability distributions of the angles.
Mori generalized master equations offer an efficient route to predict and interpret polaron transport
Authors: Bhattacharyya Srijan , Sayer Thomas , Montoya-Castillo Andrés
Published: September 2024

Our work introduces a tool to minimize the cost of conductivity predictions in small polaron-forming materials and a means to map measured conductivities to polaron energy scales, overcoming the limitations of the phenomenological Drude–Smith model.
Water at electrode–electrolyte interfaces: combining HOD vibrational spectra with ab initio-molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Gunasekaran Pavithra , Du Xianglong , Burley Andrew , Le Jiabo , Cheng Jun , Cuesta Angel
Published: September 2024

ATR-SEIRAS and ab initio MD simulations reveal details of the hydrogen bond network of water at the electrode–electrolyte interface.
Clay mineral-based sustainable snow contaminant remediation technology
Authors: Mizero Benilde , Naderi Saba , Bose Sandeep , Li Houjie , Ariya Parisa A.
Published: September 2024

Innovative clay-based technology efficiently removes a large scope of pollutants from snow, enhancing urban environmental health and sustainability.
Recent progress on MXene–polymer composites for soft electronics applications in sensing and biosensing: a review
Authors: Manibalan Kesavan , Chen Jiun-Tai
Published: September 2024

A pictographic representation of recent developments in sensors and biosensors made with MXene–polymers composites.
Donor–acceptor covalent organic frameworks propel the oxygen reduction reaction with push–pull dynamics
Authors: Kumar Greesh , Das Sabuj Kanti , Rana Thakur Rochak Kumar , Samui Surajit , Billon Laurent , Dey Ramendra Sundar
Published: September 2024

Extended π-conjugated COFs containing imine linked active sites have been synthesised and found to accelerate the ORR. The mechanism of the ORR reaction has been explored via in situ FTIR and push–pull interaction in alkaline media.
Photoelectron “bridge” is introduced to realize the precise transport of C3N5-CoPc interface charge for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production
Authors: Chen Ruixin , Gan Wei , Guo Jun , Lu Yuqing , Ding Sheng , Liu Run , Wang Shouguo , Zhang Miao , Yang Qingqing , Sun Zhaoqi
Published: September 2024

The photogenerated electrons in C3N5-CoPc are accurately transferred to the Co atom through phosphate, and the Co atom is excited as a catalytic center to produce H2O2.
Second coordination sphere modulation during water oxidation with metal-hydroxide organic frameworks
Authors: Yadav Abhimanyu , Ansari Toufik , Mannu Pandian , Singh Baghendra , Singh Ajit Kumar , Huang Yu-Cheng , Kumar Vishal , Singh Sanjay , Dong Chung-Li , Indra Arindam
Published: September 2024

Kinetic isotope study, spectroscopic measurements, and electrochemical studies reveal the modulation of the first and second coordination sphere of the metal ions in active water oxidation catalysts with an appropriate ligand chloranilic acid.
Development of quaternary ammonium based acrylic copolymer antimicrobial coatings for polyurethane tracheoesophageal voice prostheses
Authors: Singh Manjeet , Afreen Aiman , Anees Mohd , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh , Singh Harpal , Bhatnagar Naresh
Published: September 2024

Inhibition of biofilm formation using acrylic QAC tetracopolymer coated TPU through contact mode of killing mechanism.
Revamped Role for Approved Drug: Integrative Computational and Biophysical Analysis of Saquinavir's PAD4 Inhibition for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Thirugnanasambandham Indhumathi , Jupudi Srikanth , Roychowdhury Parikshit , Karri Satyanarayana Reddy Veera Venkata , V. Madhunapantula Subba Rao , Singh Sachin Kumar , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
Published: September 2024

The pursuit of novel therapeutics is a complex and resource-intensive endeavour marked by significant challenges, including high costs and low success rates. In response, drug repositioning strategies leverage existing FDA-approved compounds to predict their efficacy across diverse diseases. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) plays a pivotal role in protein citrullination, a process implicated in the autoimmune pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Targeting PAD4 has thus emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. This study employs computational and enzyme inhibition strategies to identify potential PAD4-targeting compounds from a library of FDA-approved drugs. In-silico docking analyses validated the binding interactions and orientations of screened compounds within PAD4's active site, with key residues such as ASP350, HIS471, ASP473, and CYS645 participating in crucial hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations further assessed the stability of top compounds exhibiting high binding affinities. Among these compounds, Saquinavir (SQV) emerged as a potent PAD4 inhibitor, demonstrating competitive inhibition with a low IC50 value of 1.21 ± 0.04 µM. In-vitro assays, including enzyme kinetics and biophysical analyses, highlighted significant changes in PAD4 conformation upon SQV binding, as confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. SQV induced localized alterations in PAD4 structure, effectively occupying the catalytic pocket and inhibiting enzymatic activity. These findings underscore SQV's potential as a therapeutic candidate for RA through PAD4 inhibition. Further validation through in-vitro and in-vivo studies is essential to confirm SQV's therapeutic benefits in autoimmune diseases associated with dysregulated citrullination.
The implementation of a cost‐efficient damped AC testing methodology for transmission cables based on DC–AC conversion and distributed partial discharge detection
Authors: Lu Yuxin , Li Hongjie , Zhang Yu , Hu Jing , Yin Lin , He Weisheng , Yan Nianping , Li Tangbing , Zou Jianzhang , Yan Yuan , Zhou Longwu
Published: September 2024

This research introduces a novel damped alternating current (DAC) testing methodology, which integrates an enhanced DAC generator with a pulse‐based distributed partial discharge (PD) detection technique. The advanced DAC generator is designed without the need for high voltage (HV) solid‐state switches, thereby offering a cost‐effective solution for field‐testing voltage generation through a direct current–alternating current conversion approach. To meet the demand for high instantaneous power, a capacitor bank is employed as the power supply. Furthermore, the implementation of a distributed PD detection technique enhances sensitivity and eliminates limitations associated with cable length. To minimize the construction costs of the distributed PD‐detection system, a pulse synchronization technique has been employed. Efforts to reduce the system's weight were informed by simulations, resulting in the design and development of a prototype weighing 850 kg for a 64/110 kV power cable. The reduction in the number of HV solid‐state switches contributes to significant cost savings, amounting to tens of thousands of dollars, when compared to conventional DAC generators. Laboratory and field tests validated the effectiveness of the cost‐efficient DAC testing methodology.
iGATTLDA: Integrative graph attention and transformer‐based model for predicting lncRNA‐Disease associations
Authors: Momanyi Biffon Manyura , Temesgen Sebu Aboma , Wang Tian‐Yu , Gao Hui , Gao Ru , Tang Hua , Tang Li‐Xia
Published: September 2024

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant contributors to the regulation of various biological processes, and their dysregulation has been linked to a variety of human disorders. Accurate prediction of potential correlations between lncRNAs and diseases is crucial for advancing disease diagnostics and treatment procedures. The authors introduced a novel computational method, iGATTLDA, for the prediction of lncRNA‐disease associations. The model utilised lncRNA and disease similarity matrices, with known associations represented in an adjacency matrix. A heterogeneous network was constructed, dissecting lncRNAs and diseases as nodes and their associations as edges. The Graph Attention Network (GAT) is employed to process initial features and corresponding adjacency information. GAT identified significant neighbouring nodes in the network, capturing intricate relationships between lncRNAs and diseases, and generating new feature representations. Subsequently, the transformer captures global dependencies and interactions across the entire sequence of features produced by the GAT. Consequently, iGATTLDA successfully captures complex relationships and interactions that conventional approaches may overlook. In evaluating iGATTLDA, it attained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.95 and an area under the precision recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.96 with a two‐layer multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier. These results were notably higher compared to the majority of previously proposed models, further substantiating the model’s efficiency in predicting potential lncRNA‐disease associations by incorporating both local and global interactions. The implementation details can be obtained from https://github.com/momanyibiffon/iGATTLDA.
Adventive component of Kuzbass flora
Authors: Sheremetova Svetlana , Khrustaleva Irina , Sultangazina Gulnara
Published: September 2024

The article presents data about of the adventive component of the flora of the Kemerovo region, which differs from other subjects of the Asian part of Russia with the highest population density and is a region of intensive development. It is noted that the beginning of the introduction of alien species into the territory of the region through human activity can be considered by the XVII century. A group of archaeophytes is indicated for this period. For the territory of the Kemerovo region, the boundary between archaeophytes and neophytes can serve as the XVIII century. The most significant anthropogenic influence on the vegetation cover of Kuzbass began in the 20th century. It was established that the alien component of the flora of vascular plants is 338 species of 224 genera, 80 families. The largest foreign species and genera of the family are noted: Asteraceae, Poaceae Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae. For each floristic area, the number of alien species is indicated, as well as the “original” alien species, noted so far only in this area. It is proposed to supplement the list of invasive species of Kuzbass with 15 species. It has been established that among the alien species of Kuzbass xenophytes, therophytes, one-two-year-old summer-green grassy rod-rooted monocarpics predominate. Geographical analysis of the adventitious flora showed that the enrichment of the Kuzbass flora with alien species was multidirectional.
Assessment of the prospects of growing perennial grasses on landfills
Authors: Gorbunov Alexey , Abdrashitova Tatyana
Published: September 2024

Nineteen species of agricultural plants, recommended for cultivation in arid conditions of the USA, were tested on the dumps of the Ekibastuz coal mine. The most promising was Atriplex gardneri var. aptera - a North American plant that naturally inhabits the steppe regions of the USA. The group of promising species includes Leymus racemosus, Elymus trachycaulus, and Psathirostachys jnceus. Less promising species for biological reclamation include Calamovilfa longifolia, Bouteloua gracilis, Andropogon gerardii, Leymus arenarius, Pascopyrum smithii sv. Rosana, Pascopyrum smithii sv. Rodan, Elymus lanceolatus, Elytrigia intermedia, Agropyron cristatum, Atriplex canescens, Festuca ovina, and Elimus sibiricus. Lowly promising and unpromising species include Panicum virgatum, Agropyron cristatum x A. desertorum, Schizachyrium scoparium, and Bouteloua curtipendula. These plants are either not frost-resistant or cannot tolerate drought on the dumps.
Dynamics of microorganism population in the soil of pine plantations under technogenic load
Authors: Makeeva Natalia A.
Published: September 2024

The degree of crown closure is an important parameter of tree plantations that determines the environmental conditions for all organisms in the ecosystem. Studies assess the effect of the degree of crown closure on the microorganism dynamics in the rock dump soil with and without a potentially fertile layer. It was found that the amount of soil microorganisms varies significantly during the period, which is associated with variations in the hydrothermal conditions of the soil. The activity of microorganisms decomposing mineral nitrogen and microscopic fungi varies depending on the degree of crown closure.
Floristic features of the Kostanay iron ore dump flora
Authors: Simanchuk Yelena , Sultangazina Gulnar
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the floristic composition of the plant community established on the Kostanay iron ore dump, a man-made habitat resulting from long-term industrial activity. We aim to identify plant species that have successfully colonized this edaphically and chemically stressful environment and analyze their adaptations to the specific conditions. A comprehensive vegetation survey across three iron ore deposits (Sokolovo, Sarbai, and Kachar) dump sites documented a total of 284 plant species. This flora encompasses representatives from 163 genera distributed among 44 families. Notably, the iron ore dump flora exhibits a 37.6% degree of synanthropization, indicative of moderate anthropogenic transformation. This level of transformation is characterized by the dominance of synanthropic species adapted to thrive in human-disturbed habitats, potentially including species capable of tolerating elevated levels of salts, metals and other contaminants.
Morphological and biochemical characteristics of Dendranthema zawadskii growing on industrial dumps and in introduction (Middle Ural)
Authors: Glazyrina Margarita , Chukina Nadezhda , Lukina Natalia , Filimonova Elena , Ermoshin Alexander
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the results of a study of Dendranthema zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel., growing on the dumps of the Anatol-Shilovsky asbestos deposits and on experimental plots in the botanical garden of the Ural Federal University. The morphological characteristics of generative individuals, the quality and germination of seeds has been investigated. It has been shown that plants introduced into the Middle Urals region are characterized by high ornamental properties and good seed and vegetative propagation. In the leaves and inflorescences of D. zawadskii plants, both in anthropogenically disturbed habitats and in botanical garden, biological active substances such as phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid accumulated.
Morphometric study of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen under the conditions of Kostanay Region
Authors: Sultangazina Gulnar , Utebassova Alua , Simanchuk Yelena
Published: September 2024

The morphometric characteristics of the North American invasive plant Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen were studied in the Kostanay region, Kazakhstan. Monitoring of plant populations has been ongoing since 2021. Vegetation begins in the first decade of May, ends in the second or third decade of September, lasting 146 days. Flowering occurs in late July and is prolonged, classifying the species as a late-summer flowering plant with long flowering duration. Fruiting is rapid, starting in the third decade of July, continuing until the end of August. The phenological phases of bud formation, flowering, and fruiting overlap, flowering and seed ripening are uneven. Analysis of variation coefficients shows that the amplitude of variability of traits in C. xanthiifolia does not differ widely, encompassing only 2 levels of variation - normal and significant, with the majority of parameters having normal Cv (%) values in all three months. The maximum Cv value in the C. xanthiifolia population does not exceed 47.7% (number of leaves on lateral shoots in July), the minimum is 10.58% (number of leaves in August). Cyclachaena xanthiifolia is a highly competitive weed that rapidly spreads throughout the region, quickly occupying dominant positions in plant communities, displacing all other plant species.
Phytochemical study of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.
Authors: Egorova Irina , Maltseva Elena , Pinchuk Lyudmila
Published: September 2024

This article presents the results of the primary phytochemical study of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim. introduced in the southeast of Western Siberia. The qualitative and quantitative composition of several primary and secondary metabolites in underground and aboveground organs of the plant were studied in different years of introduction and vegetation period. The presence of triterpene saponins, coumarins, chromones, chalcones, aurones, 5-oxy-flavones, 5-oxy-flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and proanthocyanidins was determined. The total content of phenolic compounds in the grass reached 2.83±0.22% and in the roots up to 0.77±0.27%. Eighteen proteinogenic amino acids were identified, including 8 essential and 10 nonessential amino acids. The seeds were found to accumulate 4.27±0.25% of fatty oils with a predominance of triglycerides of polyunsaturated acids.
Technosols as a resource for restoration of soil and vegetation cover during disturbed land reclamation in the forest-steppe zone
Authors: Ovsyannikova Svetlana V. , Seredina Valentina P. , Ufimtsev Vladimir I.
Published: September 2024

Technogenically disturbed soils of the Kedrovsky coal mine dumps, a branch of JSC MC Kuzbassrazrezugol, located in the forest-steppe of the Kuznetsk Basin, Kemerovo region (Russia), are investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of young soils were studied using the facilities of an experimental polygon for disturbed land reclamation technologies. The following soil variants were studied: typical technosol (technogenic eluvium), organogenic technosol (with application of a potential fertile soil layer, PFSL), and humusogenic technosol (with application of a fertile soil layer, FLS). The humusogenic technosol was found to possess a higher starting lithogenic potential in terms of soil formation, when restoring disturbed soils and their vegetation cover with an increase in species diversity by zonal type. Under favorable climatic conditions and the use of proper agrotechnical technologies, FSL technosols promote the development of grassy ecosystems and activate the process of soil formation. Over time, these soils can approach zonal soil types in terms of their main physical and chemical parameters, including organic matter.
The specifics of the content of chemical elements and ash in the leaves of ornamental plants in an urban environment
Authors: Sedelnikova Lyudmila , Tsandekova Oksana
Published: September 2024

The content of sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, ash content in the leaves of annual and perennial species and varieties grown in urban conditions near highways and industrial enterprises of the cities of the Novosibirsk region: Iskitim, Berdsk, Koltsovo, Evsino, Sovetsky district of Novosibirsk was studied. Indications of these substances were determined in the leaves of Hemerocallis hybrida, Iris hybrida, Hosta lancifolia, H. decorata, Salvia splendens, Tagetis patula, Senecio cineraria Malva hybrida, Gatsania hybrida, Alyssum hybrida. The individual features of the accumulation of nutrients and ash in aboveground vegetative organs have been revealed. It was noted that the level of nitrogen concentration and ash content in the leaves of floral and ornamental plants exceeded the values of phosphorus and sulfur by 6–11 times. An increase in the concentration of chemicals and ash in plant leaves in an urban environment has been established.
The stability of woody plants on reclaimed dumps of Donbass coal mines
Authors: Dostovalova Daria , Glukhov Alexander , Podgorodetsky Nikolas
Published: September 2024

The work carried out monitoring of some woody plants-bioindicators of the Donbass mine rock dump. After analyzing all the results of the study of bioindicator plants for damage, it can be concluded that the stability of plants depends on the state of the substrate and the spatial arrangement of trees.
Variability of climatic norms of annual precipitation in the Kuzbass botanical garden
Authors: Sheremetov Rashit
Published: September 2024

In the work, based on a number of observations at station 29645 Kemerovo for the period from 1951 to 2023, the long-term variability of air temperature and precipitation was investigated. For the first time for the Kuzbass Botanical Garden, climatic norms for the period 1991–2020 were estimated, using linear trend analysis, the rates of change in climatic indicators were estimated. It has been established that climatic indicator on the territory of the Kuzbass Botanical Garden for the period 1951–2023. have an upward trend. However, the temperature growth rates are slightly lower than those noted for Western Siberia. Annual precipitation is characterized by stable growth throughout the study period. However, there is some instability of this trend. It has been shown that the climatic standards of air temperature and precipitation in the modern period differ significantly from the base period of 1961–1990 proposed by the WMO.
Concerning the main directions of biological diversity ex situ and in situ conservation providing by the Botanical Garden of Samara University
Authors: Rosno Svetlana , Pomogaibin Alexander , Zhavkina Tatyana , Roguleva Natalia , Ruzaeva Irina , Revunova Lyubava , Kavelenova Lyudmila
Published: September 2024

The article presents information on the results achieved by the Botanical Garden of Samara University in the field of biological diversity conservation in ex situ and in situ directions. The composition of 4 parts of living plants collection in open ground and greenhouse, together estimated over 4.5 thousand of seed plants taxa, is briefly characterized. The information on the seed bank development is given, about the implementation of experimental rare plants reintroduction into natural communities. The results gained by integration of ground-based monitoring and RS data, including operational surveying of target plant communities using UAVs, is briefly described also.
Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) in the urban environment of the Kola Peninsula: A case study of Akademgorodok Park, Apatity, Russia
Authors: Zykova Polina , Kopeina Ekaterina , Goncharova Oxana
Published: September 2024

As a result of the evaluation, the plants’ inventory metrics were determined, a visual diagnosis of the trees’ condition was performed, and recommendations for further measures were formulated.
Carbonation process of commercial lime mortars vs cement-based mortars: Comparative analysis of textural differences, strength and durability
Authors: Török Ákos , Kis Annamária
Published: September 2024

The present study analyses 5 commercially available mortars (Italian, German and Hungarian brands) under various conditions such as dry, water-saturated and freeze-thaw. Laboratory tests assessed specimens' physical properties and carbonation process 28 days after casting using EN guidelines. The workability, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water uptake, and strength parameters were measured. The bulk density of the studied mortars was between 1514-1840 kg/m3, indicating the variations in composition and porosity, and it correlates well with the measured P-velocities of 1939 m/s to 2649 m/s. The compressive strength of cubic standard test specimens was between 1.8 and 8.4 MPa, suggesting different mineralization and carbonation processes, clearly marking the presence of the Portland cement phase. A large scatter of physical parameters and various durability marks water-saturated and freeze-thaw-affected mortars. Carbonation and curing conditions can cause significant parameter differences in lime-based mortars. CO2 sequestration depends on mortar composition, textural and micro-fabric, and environmental conditions.
Does lack of CO2 control in environmental chambers influence the strength and stiffness of hydraulic lime mortars?
Authors: Judd Miles , Squires Dylan , Akcicek Kutsi , Sangirardi Marialuigia , Acikgoz Sinan
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the influence of carbon dioxide (CO2) control in environmental chambers, where hydraulic lime mortar specimens are typically cured before strength testing according to EN1015-11:2019. To do this, three sets of identical mortar samples were cast. Two sets were cured in an environmental chamber that offered the same temperature and relative humidity but different CO2 conditions. In the first chamber, carbonation reactions used the ambient CO2 trapped in the hermetically sealed chamber air. The second chamber was connected to an external carbon dioxide supply, which maintained a constant CO2 concentration, above ambient laboratory levels, during curing. A third set of samples was cured under laboratory conditions to serve as a reference. Following the 35-day curing period, the dynamic elastic modulus and flexural and compressive strengths of sample sets were obtained. Subsequent X-ray diffraction analysis gives additional insights into the material composition for each curing regime. Results indicate that controlling carbon dioxide to above ambient levels leads to noticeably higher stiffness and strength in samples. This suggests that implementing CO2 control as a part of standard curing conditions may enable more reliable estimates of strength and stiffness development in lime mortars, with respect to laboratory conditions.
Mechanical characterization of adobe with natural fiber in the andean zone of Bolivia
Authors: Ceballos Nicole Alejandra , Zuleta Oscar Fabricio , Quisberth Alvaro , Prudencio Mauricio Gastón , Jimenez Luis Ignacio
Published: September 2024

Adobe is a material made of soil, natural fiber “Stipa ichu”, (a kind of straw found in the Andean zone of Bolivia, locally known as “Paja Brava”) and water, which is used as a sustainable masonry alternative widely used for housing construction in the Andean region of Bolivia. Currently, in several countries there is a renewed interest in this material for use in ecological social housing construction projects and restoration of heritage buildings with great historical value. The objective of the research is to analyze the mechanical properties of adobe manufactured in the Andean zone of Bolivia using percentages of 0.0, 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0% natural fiber. The appropriate adobe preparation proportions and its mechanical characteristics for the design were achieved, taking into account strength and deformation. The methodology applied consisted of characterizing the soil used, shaping adobe samples both in blocks and in cylindrical specimens, and determining the mechanical properties through simple compression tests, flexural tests, triaxial tests and tests with ultrasound equipment. Finally, comparisons of the results are made in order to determine the relationship between the percentage of natural fiber and the mechanical properties of the samples.
The use of air entraining/plasticizing admixtures in cement-lime masonry mortars: Effects on fresh and hardened mortar properties
Authors: Grigorjev Vadim , Azenha Miguel , De Belie Nele
Published: September 2024

Modern day masonry mortars rely on more than just standard constituents, which by definition include binder, aggregates and water. Due to different requirements imposed onto various types of masonry construction, ready mix mortar manufacturers and even masons and labourers on construction sites add certain additives to their mortar formulations. In this study, one standardized admixture is studied – an air entrainer/plasticizer (EN 934-3), coming in two forms – liquid and powder. It is applied to increase the air content and plasticity of cement-lime masonry mortar, formulated in volumetric proportions of 1:1:6 for cement, lime and aggregates. The dosage of admixtures is gradually increased starting with the manufacturer’s recommendations until the excessive air entrainment is achieved in order to determine the optimal dosage. Fresh mortar properties, including consistency, air content and bulk density are used to assess the enhancement of mortar influenced by the addition of the admixture, whereas compressive and flexural testing is performed at 7 and 28 days to monitor the disadvantages brought by reducing density. The results of this study reveal that the efficacy of a liquid admixture is better than that of a powdered air entrainer/plasticizer, albeit it being more difficult to use accurately. In both cases, higher dosage than manufacturer’s recommendations was required to reach satisfactory improvement of the fresh mortar structure, which resulted in a mixing water reduction, increased air content and reduced bulk density. That subsequently influenced the decreased strength, although optimally formulated mortars adhered to their strength class requirements.