bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hermenêutica crítica e estudos em marketing: aproximações e possibilidades
Authors: Viana Marcelo Ferreira , Costa Américo Pierangeli , Brito Mozar José de
Published: January 2016

Resumo Este ensaio tem por objetivo contribuir para uma reflexão sobre a formação, geração e evolução do conhecimento em marketing sob a luz da hermenêutica crítica. Trata-se de uma análise em que os autores vislumbram novas possibilidades de estudos críticos nesse campo das ciências sociais. Argumenta-se que a abordagem epistemológica da hermenêutica crítica fornece um arcabouço teórico-metodológico para o avanço dos estudos críticos em marketing, na medida em que se concentra em pressuposições interpretativas de base filosófica e sociológica. Evidencia-se, dessa forma, que a hermenêutica crítica é apontada como uma forma de análise e de reflexão crítica no ensino do marketing, uma vez que contribui para a interpretação e para os processos menos procedimentais e mais reflexivos. Assim, se avança na discussão de que a lente hermenêutica no marketing pode aparecer no momento em que esse campo se percebe mais desbastado e ao mesmo tempo em que a mobilidade de comportamentos ganha velocidades diferenciadas em relação a concepções passadas.
Sobre a produção de valor: a recente circulação do poema "Viva Vaia", de Augusto de Campos
Authors: Salgado Luciana Salazar
Published: January 2016

RESUMO Este artigo propõe algumas considerações sobre o estatuto do material literário na contemporaneidade a partir de um estudo de caso: um poema usado como ilustração de material jornalístico. Mobilizando categorias discursivas, pretende: i) contribuir para investigações sobre os fluxos de texto na cibercultura, entendendo-a como uma cultura hegemônica no atual período, na qual se complexifica a problemática da autoria; ii) contribuir para a abordagem dos materiais literários nas suas formas de inscrição atuais ou atualizadas.
Physiological analysis and heat-resistant protein (LEA) activity in squash hybrid seeds during development
Authors: Silva Patricia Pereira da , Barros Antônio Carlos Souza Albuquerque , Pinho Edila Vilela de Resende Von , Nascimento Warley Marcos
Published: January 2016

This study has aimed to evaluate the best time to harvest squash seeds and verify the effect of fruit storage on protein activity and in the physiological quality of 'Jabras' squash hybrid seeds. The fruits were harvested at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after anthesis (DAA). In every period, thirty fruits were harvested and fifteen had their fruit extracted immediately after harvesting, and the other fifteen fruits were stored for twenty days in plastic boxes under shade conditions, and only after this period the seeds were extracted. Seed quality was evaluated for the following parameters: moisture content, germination, first count, germination rate, seedling emergence, emergence rate, seed mass and seedling dry matter. Also, the electrophoretic profile analysis of heat-resistant proteins (Late Embryogenesis Abundant - LEA) was performed. Seed physiological maturity occurred in fruits harvested at 60 days after anthesis and stored for 20 days. During this period, seeds reached the maximum dry matter, maximum germination and vigor, and a high concentration of LEA proteins.
Desidratação de gemas de ovos por secagem por atomização em diferentes temperaturas
Authors: Grassi Thiago Luís Magnani , Ponsano Elisa Helena Giglio
Published: January 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de temperaturas de desidratação por atomização sobre as características microbiológicas, físicas e químicas de gemas de ovos em pó e sobre o rendimento do processo. A desidratação por atomização foi realizada a 90, 120 e 150°C, com cinco repetições para cada tratamento. O rendimento foi avaliado pela relação entre a quantidade de gema em pó obtida e a quantidade de gema in natura utilizada na secagem. As gemas desidratadas foram analisadas quanto à composição centesimal, à cor objetiva e à rancidez. Para as análises microbiológicas, foi detectada a presença de estafilococos coagulase-positiva, pela contagem direta em placas; Salmonella spp., em amostra de 25 g; e coliformes, a 45°C. A temperatura de secagem por atomização influenciou a umidade das gemas em pó, sem interferir nos teores de proteínas, lipídeos e cinzas, nas características microbiológicas ou na rancidez dos produtos finais. As temperaturas de secagem mais elevadas proporcionam maior rendimento de produto, mas, a 150°C, ocorre escurecimento e diminuição na intensidade da coloração amarela das gemas em pó.
Componentes da biomassa e características estruturais em capim-aruana sob diferentes frequências e intensidades de desfolhação
Authors: Silva Leane Veras da , Cândido Magno José Duarte , Pessoa João Paulo Matos , Cavalcante Ana Clara Rodrigues , Carneiro Maria Socorro de Souza , Silva Antônio do Nascimento
Published: January 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de frequências e intensidades de desfolhação sobre os componentes da biomassa e a estrutura do dossel em capim-aruana (Panicum maximum 'Aruana IZ-5'), pastejado sob lotação rotativa com ovinos. Avaliaram-se duas frequências de desfolhação (FD), com níveis de interceptação de 85 e 95% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (Irfa) incidente no topo do dossel, e duas intensidades de desfolhação (ID), com índices de área foliar residual (IAFr) de 1,0 e 1,8. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2x2. Os componentes da biomassa e as características estruturais nas condições de pré-pastejo foram afetados principalmente pela FD, com a redução da biomassa de colmos verdes e de forragem morta, e, ainda, pela elevação da altura da primeira lígula viva. Pastos manejados com menor FD proporcionaram menor relação lâmina foliar/colmo, com média de 1,65, e os pastos com maior FD apresentaram média de lâmina foliar/colmo de 2,40. Os componentes da biomassa residual foram afetados pela ID, com maior biomassa de forragem verde residual em pastos manejados com IAFr de 1,8. Os pastos manejados com 95% de Irfa e IAFr de 1,8 apresentaram biomassa de colmo verde residual e biomassa de forragem morta residual superiores aos dos demais manejos. Para pastejo por ovinos, o capim-aruana deve ser manejado com frequência de 85% de Irfa e intensidade de desfolhação correspondente a IAFr de 1,0.
ASSESSMENT OF MECHANICAL AND MANUAL SUTURE IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE PHARYNGOESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULUM
Authors: AQUINO José Luis Braga de , CHAGAS José Francisco Salles , SAID Marcelo Manzano , PASCOAL Maria Beatriz Nogueira , BRANDI-FILHO Luis Antonio , PEREIRA Douglas Alexandre Rizzanti , FRUET Fernanda
Published: January 2016

Background: The occurrence of the pharyngoesophageal, or Zenker diverticulum is not frequent in the national scenario, and the technique of the diverticulectomy with cricomyotomy in medium and great dimension diverticula is still the most indicated. Because the resection of the diverticulum requires the suture of the pharynx, dehiscence can occur, thereafter delaying swallowing. Hence, the idea is to accomplish this surgical procedure, comparing the manual and mechanical suture, in order to evaluate the real benefit of the mechanical technique. Aim: To evaluate the results of the pharyngoesophageal diverticulectomy with cricomyotomy using manual and mechanical suture with regard to local and systemic complications. Method: Fifty-seven patients with pharyngoesophageal diverticula diagnosed through high digestive endoscopy and pharyngeal esophagogram were studied. The applied surgical technique was diverticulectomy with myotomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle, done in 24 patients (42.2%) the mechanical suture (group A) with the mechanical linear suture device and in 33 (57.8%) a manual closure of the pharynx (group B). Results: In the postoperative period, one patient of group A (4.1%) presented fistula caused by dehiscence of the pharyngeal suture, and three of group B (15.1%) presented the same complication, with a good outcome using a conservative treatment. In the same group, three patients (9.0%) presented stenosis of the suture of the pharynx, with good outcome and with endoscopic dilatations, and no patient from group A presented such complication. Lung infection was present in five patients, being two (8.3%) of group A and three (9.0%) on B, having good outcomes after specific treatment. In the late review, done with 43 patients (94.4%) of group A and 22 (88.0%) on B, the patients declared to be pleased with the surgical procedure, because they were able to regain normal swallowing. Conclusion: The diverticulectomy with myotomy and pharyngeal closure using mechanical suture was proven appropriate, for having restored regular swallowing in most of the patients, and the mechanical closure of the pharynx proved to be more effective in comparison to the manual one, because it provided a lower index of local post-surgical complications.
ASSOCIATION AMONG HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS SUGGESTIVE OF PAPILLOMA VIRUS ON HEMORRHOIDECTOMY SPECIMENS
Authors: SILVA Soraya Souto da , NAKAJIMA Gerson Suguiyama , GUIMARÃES Ricardo Alexandre , MOURÃO Flávia da Costa
Published: January 2016

Background: Many researchers studied human Papillomavirus infection in the anal area supposing it represents a risk factor for precursor lesions of anal cancer. Aim: To study the association between histological findings suggestive of injury by the virus in hemorrhoidectomy specimens. Method: Prevalence study was carried out based on histopathological analysis of hemorrhoidectomy specimens to find viral cytopathic effects. These findings were compared with anal condyloma acuminata that had no relationship with hemorrhoidectomy for microscopic comparison. Results: Of the 91 hemorroidectomies analyzed, eight had findings suggestive of viral cytopathic effects, with the presence of irregular acanthosis in 63%, koilocytes in 50% and other indirect viral cytopathic effects, such as hyperkeratosis (38%), parakeratosis (25% ) and papillomatosis (13%). Conclusion: This study was unable to conclude that there is an association between these two pathologic entities.
LIVER TRANSPLANTATION AFTER SEVERE HEPATIC TRAUMA: CURRENT INDICATIONS AND RESULTS
Authors: RIBEIRO-JR Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle , MEDRADO Melina Botelho , ROSA Otto Mauro , SILVA Ana Júlia de Deus , FONTANA Mariana Prado , CRUVINEL-NETO José , FONSECA Alexandre Zanchenko
Published: January 2016

Background: The liver is the most injured organ in abdominal trauma. Currently, the treatment in most cases is non-operative, but surgery may be necessary in severe abdominal trauma with blunt liver damage, especially those that cause uncontrollable bleeding. Despite the damage control approaches in order to achieve hemodynamic stability, many patients develop hypovolemic shock, acute liver failure, multiple organ failure and death. In this context, liver transplantation appears as the lifesaving last resource Aim: Analyze the use of liver transplantation as a treatment option for severe liver trauma. Methods: Were reviewed 14 articles in the PubMed, Medline and Lilacs databases, selected between 2008-2014 and 10 for this study. Results: Were identified 46 cases undergoing liver transplant after liver trauma; the main trauma mechanism was closed/blunt abdominal trauma in 83%, and severe trauma (>grade IV) in 81 %. The transplant can be done, in this context, performing one-stage procedure (damaged organ removed with immediate transplantation), used in 72% of cases. When the two-stage approach is performed, end-to-side temporary portacaval shunt is provided, until new organ becomes available to be transplanted. If two different periods are considered - from 1980 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2014 - the survival rate increased significantly, from 48% to 76%, while the mortality decreased from 52% to 24%. Conclusion: Despite with quite restricted indications, liver transplantation in hepatic injury is a therapeutic modality viable and feasible today, and can be used in cases when other therapeutic modalities in short and long term, do not provide the patient survival chances.
"Quem é mais útil ao país: aquele que planta ou o que fica na cidade só comendo?": os trabalhadores rurais fluminenses e a luta por desapropriação de terras (1962-1963)
Authors: Ribeiro Felipe Augusto dos Santos
Published: January 2016

Resumo Este artigo pretende analisar as formas de mobilização de um grupo de trabalhadores rurais frente às constantes ameaças de despejo, entre os anos de 1962 e 63. As terras em questão, localizadas no município de Magé (RJ), eram ocupadas por posseiros e vinham sendo reivindicadas como propriedade da Companhia América Fabril, que mantinha duas unidades têxteis nas redondezas. Desse modo, pretendemos identificar as principais reivindicações e propostas desses trabalhadores, que adquiriram maior visibilidade a partir da repercussão das passeatas que realizaram em Niterói, então capital do estado do Rio de Janeiro.
As transformações socioambientais da paisagem rural a partir de um desastre ambiental (Paraná, 1963)
Authors: Paixão Letícia Aparecida , Priori Angelo Aparecido
Published: January 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as transformações ocorridas na paisagem rural do estado do Paraná na década de 1960. Toma-se como referência um desastre ambiental (incêndio florestal) ocorrido no ano de 1963, que vitimou 110 pessoas e deixou milhares desabrigadas, além de destruir florestas e plantações. A hipótese principal é a de que o desastre foi resultado das relações dos homens com o meio natural. Por isso mesmo, é fundamental dar historicidade a essas relações, para compreender o real significado do evento e a forma como ele está inserido em um contexto mais amplo, marcado pela erradicação dos cafezais na região norte e pelo desflorestamento da região central do estado.
Spatial and temporal distribution of thermotolerant coliform in Canal de Passagem (Vitória - ES) - related to physico-chemical parameters and tide
Authors: Alves Mariana Magnago , Barroso Gilberto Fonseca , Rodrigues Neto Renato
Published: January 2016

Abstract The Canal de Passagem (CP), Vitória - ES, is an estuarine system undergoing a process of environmental degradation due to the discharge of in natura and semi-treated sewage. The surrounding local community's use of the estuarine resources conflicts with environmental quality and this offers risks to public health. The objective of this study was 1. to evaluate the distribution of fecal coliforms in the HCP (multiple tubes method), relating it to the distribution of sources of fecal pollution, the dynamics of the tides and physico-chemical parameters, and 2. evaluate the results in the light of the limits established by Brazilian legislation to ensure the health of the users of the water whatever the use to which it is put. Samples were taken spatially and temporally, to assess the tidal cycle of the spring tide in the winter, autumn and spring seasons, and also of the neap and spring tides at two sampling events in the summer. The sanitary parameters - thermotolerant coliforms, physico-chemical, and tidal action, were considered. Meaningful correlations were found with the tidal regime. As conclusion, that the distribution of thermotolerant coliforms was related to the point sources of pollution, and the concentrations were different between spring and neap tides. This difference between tides is not taken into consideration by the Brazilian Bathing Water Legislation up to now.
Relative age effect in FIFA U17 Emirates 2013 World Cup: analysis of players who effectively participated in the matches
Authors: Andrade-Souza Victor Amorim , Moniz Felipe , Teoldo Israel
Published: January 2016

Abstract The purpose of this study was to verify the date of birth is a decisive factor for the success of players selected by the coaches to participate in the FIFA U-17 World Cup Emirates 2013. The players' date of birth were classified into four quartiles of three months each (Q1 to Q4). In the qualifying round, 46.5% of the selected players born in Q1, while 12.5% in Q4. This significantly different distribution occurred until the semi-finals. However, in the final match, there were no significant differences between Q1 and Q4. A similar relative age effect also occurred when analyzed only players who actually participated to the matches. Interestingly, despite there was birth date effect on performance in all World Cup stages except in the final, other issues should take into consideration for a team became champion.
Tonsillostyloidectomy for Eagle’s syndrome: a study of 20 cases
Authors: Singh Roohie , Galagali Jeevan R.
Published: January 2016

Background: Eagle’s syndrome is a pain syndrome which occurs due to elongated and misdirected styloid process. It is commoner than generally thought.

Methods: 20 cases of styalgia were diagnosed and prospectively studied at two hospitals. The characteristic symptoms were chronic throat pain and foreign body sensation in throat. Diagnosis was made with clinical symptoms, physical examination in form of intraoral palpation of styloid and radiological correlation. All patients underwent Tonsillostyloidectomy for affected sites under General anaesthesia. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks post-operatively and relief of symptoms was noted.  

Results: Chronic throat pain was the commonest symptom. Most cases were associated with chronic tonsillitis or Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). 19 (95%) patients were symptom free by 4 weeks postoperatively.
Conclusions: In an established case of Styalgia with intraoral palpable styloid tip, tonsillostyloidectomy by intra-oral approach gives good results. Also, LPRD may be a possible aetiology of the disease. Incidentally, it was found that position of head over neck should be intraoperatively adjusted in order to suit easy approach to the styloid depending on antero-posterior angulation of styloid.
Fluticasone furoate verses fluticasone propionate: a comparative study by assessment of nasal mucociliary clearance time on patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Nambiar Vimal , Rai Sheetal , Somayaji K. S. Gangadhar
Published: January 2016

Background: Allergic diseases in India have been on an uprising trend. 3.5% of the population in INDIA is suffering from Allergic Rhinitis. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two commonly used intranasal steroids- Fluticasone Furoate (FF) and Fluticasone Propionate (FP) using the nasal mucociliary clearance time (NMCT).

Methods: We conducted a prospective study on 70 patients. 35 each on FF and FP. Pretreatment and Post treatment Nasal was assessed by Saccharin Test. Patients were then put on either FF or FP for a period of one month.  

Results: Average improvement of NMCT post treatment with steroids sprays is 2-3 minutes.(Average Pretreatment time is 17.92 and Average Post treatment time 15.55 minutes).
Conclusion: Both drugs are equally efficacious and well tolerated by the patients. Compliance of Fluticasone Furoate was better because of its once daily dosage. Disadvantages of FP are its twice daily dosage and after taste.
Almacenes comerciales franceses en Guadalajara, México (1850-1930)
Authors: Valerio Ulloa Sergio Manuel
Published: January 2016

Este artículo explica la forma en que un grupo de inmigrantes franceses llegó a la ciudad de Guadalajara durante la segunda mitad del siglo xix y las primeras tres décadas del xx e instaló sus negocios comerciales, pasando de pequeñas tiendas de ropa a modernos almacenes organizados por departamentos. Dichos negocios también cambiaron las viejas casas coloniales donde inicialmente se ubicaban, en las calles céntricas de la ciudad, a bellos y lujosos edificios de tres y cuatro pisos. La hipótesis general sostenida en este trabajo es que estos inmigrantes galos llegaron a Guadalajara con muy poco capital o sin él, y a través del crédito y el capital social de sus redes familiares y empresariales se fueron abriendo paso en el mercado regional, al tiempo que reinvertían sus ganancias, incrementaban sus capitales, expandían sus empresas y diversificaban sus inversiones.
El visitador general del Virreinato del Río de La Plata, Diego de la Vega, y las irregularidades en las Cajas Reales Altoperuanas (1802)
Authors: Gavira Márquez María Concepción
Published: January 2016

La presente investigación aborda el descontrol administrativo de la Real Hacienda y el grado de responsabilidad de la burocracia en la crisis fiscal en el Virreinato del Río de la Plata a partir del análisis de una importante visita producida a principios del siglo xix, periodo del supuesto avance de las reformas borbónicas. A través del estudio de las irregularidades y quiebras de las Cajas Reales altoperuanas, se cuestiona la eficacia de dichas reformas en la administración de los recursos, además de analizar el papel de los oficiales reales e instituciones fiscalizadoras.
Mercados globales de la América española: el comercio de lana vicuña y ‘grana’ cochinilla en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Pérez García Manuel
Published: January 2016

El presente artículo analiza la comercialización de la lana de vicuña peruana y la grana cochinilla, principalmente procedente de sierras andinas y Nueva España, y el impacto, durante el siglo xviii, de la comercialización de productos coloniales pertenecientes al ramo textil en las economías de la Europa mediterránea, especialmente para los casos de Francia y España. La paulatina integración de mercados globales de la América española, como pueden ser los referentes al sector textil, con los de Europa occidental fue un factor clave en la consolidación de redes y rutas de comercio, así como circulación de bienes a un lado y otro del Atlántico.
José Manuel Díaz Blanco, Así trocaste tu gloria. Guerra y comercio colonial en la España del siglo XVII
Authors: Amadori Arrigo
Published: January 2016

No contiene resumen.
NETosis Delays Diabetic Wound Healing in Mice and Humans
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Menegazzo Lisa , Rigato Mauro , Scattolini Valentina , Poncina Nicol , Bruttocao Andrea , Ciciliot Stefano , Mammano Fabio , Ciubotaru Catalin Dacian , Brocco Enrico , Marescotti Maria Cristina , Cappellari Roberta , Arrigoni Giorgio , Millioni Renato , Vigili de Kreutzenberg Saula , Albiero Mattia , Avogaro Angelo
Published: January 2016

Upon activation, neutrophils undergo histone citrullination by protein arginine deiminase (PAD)4, exocytosis of chromatin and enzymes as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and death. In diabetes, neutrophils are primed to release NETs and die by NETosis. Although this process is a defense against infection, NETosis can damage tissue. Therefore, we examined the effect of NETosis on the healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Using proteomics, we found that NET components were enriched in nonhealing human DFUs. In an independent validation cohort, a high concentration of neutrophil elastase in the wound was associated with infection and a subsequent worsening of the ulcer. NET components (elastase, histones, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and proteinase-3) were elevated in the blood of patients with DFUs. Circulating elastase and proteinase-3 were associated with infection, and serum elastase predicted delayed healing. Neutrophils isolated from the blood of DFU patients showed an increased spontaneous NETosis but an impaired inducible NETosis. In mice, skin PAD4 activity was increased by diabetes, and FACS detection of histone citrullination, together with intravital microscopy, showed that NETosis occurred in the bed of excisional wounds. PAD4 inhibition by Cl-amidine reduced NETting neutrophils and rescued wound healing in diabetic mice. Cumulatively, these data suggest that NETosis delays DFU healing.
Relative Contribution of Intramyocellular Lipid to Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Is Reduced With Age but Subsarcolemmal Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance Are Only Associated With Overweight Individuals
Authors: Chee Carolyn , Shannon Chris E. , Burns Aisling , Selby Anna L. , Wilkinson Daniel , Smith Kenneth , Greenhaff Paul L. , Stephens Francis B.
Published: January 2016

Insulin resistance is closely related to intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation, and both are associated with increasing age. It remains to be determined to what extent perturbations in IMCL metabolism are related to the aging process per se. On two separate occasions, whole-body and muscle insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp with 2-deoxyglucose) and fat utilization during 1 h of exercise at 50% VO2max ([U-13C]palmitate infusion combined with electron microscopy of IMCL) were determined in young lean (YL), old lean (OL), and old overweight (OO) males. OL displayed IMCL content and insulin sensitivity comparable with those in YL, whereas OO were markedly insulin resistant and had more than twofold greater IMCL in the subsarcolemmal (SSL) region. Indeed, whereas the plasma free fatty acid Ra and Rd were twice those of YL in both OL and OO, SSL area only increased during exercise in OO. Thus, skeletal muscle insulin resistance and lipid accumulation often observed in older individuals are likely due to lifestyle factors rather than inherent aging of skeletal muscle as usually reported. However, age per se appears to cause exacerbated adipose tissue lipolysis, suggesting that strategies to reduce muscle lipid delivery and improve adipose tissue function may be warranted in older overweight individuals.
Severe Hypoglycemia Requiring Medical Intervention in a Large Cohort of Adults With Diabetes Receiving Care in U.S. Integrated Health Care Delivery Systems: 2005–2011
Authors: Pathak Ram D. , Schroeder Emily B. , Seaquist Elizabeth R. , Zeng Chan , Lafata Jennifer Elston , Thomas Abraham , Desai Jay , Waitzfelder Beth , Nichols Gregory A. , Lawrence Jean M. , Karter Andrew J. , Steiner John F. , Segal Jodi , O’Connor Patrick J.
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

Appropriate glycemic control is fundamental to diabetes care, but aggressive glucose targets and intensive therapy may unintentionally increase episodes of hypoglycemia. We quantified the burden of severe hypoglycemia requiring medical intervention in a well-defined population of insured individuals with diabetes receiving care in integrated health care delivery systems across the U.S.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This observational cohort study included 917,440 adults with diabetes receiving care during 2005 to 2011 at participating SUrveillance, PREvention, and ManagEment of Diabetes Mellitus (SUPREME-DM) network sites. Severe hypoglycemia rates were based on any occurrence of hypoglycemia-related ICD-9 codes from emergency department or inpatient medical encounters and reported overall and by age, sex, comorbidity status, antecedent A1C level, and medication use.

RESULTS

Annual rates of severe hypoglycemia ranged from 1.4 to 1.6 events per 100 person-years. Rates of severe hypoglycemia were higher among those with older age, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, cardiovascular disease, depression, and higher A1C levels, and in users of insulin, insulin secretagogues, or β-blockers (P < 0.001 for all). Changes in severe hypoglycemia occurrence over time were not clinically significant in the cohort as a whole but were observed in subgroups of individuals with chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and cardiovascular disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Risk of severe hypoglycemia in clinical settings is considerably higher in identifiable patient subgroups than in randomized controlled trials. Strategies that reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in high-risk patients are needed.
Cardiovascular and Other Outcomes Postintervention With Insulin Glargine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids (ORIGINALE)
Authors:   ORIGIN Trial Investigators
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

The Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial reported neutral effects of insulin glargine on cardiovascular outcomes and cancers and reduced incident diabetes in high–cardiovascular risk adults with dysglycemia after 6.2 years of active treatment. Omega-3 fatty acids had neutral effects on cardiovascular outcomes. The ORIGIN and Legacy Effects (ORIGINALE) study measured posttrial effects of these interventions during an additional 2.7 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Surviving ORIGIN participants attended up to two additional visits. The hazard of clinical outcomes during the entire follow-up period from randomization was calculated.

RESULTS

Of 12,537 participants randomized, posttrial data were analyzed for 4,718 originally allocated to insulin glargine (2,351) versus standard care (2,367), and 4,771 originally allocated to omega-3 fatty acid supplements (2,368) versus placebo (2,403). Posttrial, small differences in median HbA1c persisted (glargine 6.6% [49 mmol/mol], standard care 6.7% [50 mmol/mol], P = 0.025). From randomization to the end of posttrial follow-up, no differences were found between the glargine and standard care groups in myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death (1,185 vs. 1,165 events; hazard ratio 1.01 [95% CI 0.94–1.10]; P = 0.72); myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death, revascularization, or hospitalization for heart failure (1,958 vs. 1,910 events; 1.03 [0.97–1.10]; P = 0.38); or any cancer (524 vs. 529 events; 0.99 [0.88–1.12]; P = 0.91) or between omega-3 and placebo groups in cardiovascular death (688 vs. 700; 0.98 [0.88–1.09]; P = 0.68) or other outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

During >6 years of treatment followed by >2.5 years of observation, insulin glargine had neutral effects on health outcomes and salutary effects on metabolic control, whereas omega-3 fatty acid supplementation had no effect.
Entropy Assessment on Direct Contact Condensation of Subsonic Steam Jets in a Water Tank through Numerical Investigation
Authors: Ji Yu , Zhang Hao-Chun , Tong Jian-Fei , Wang Xu-Wei , Wang Han , Zhang Yi-Ning
Published: January 2016

The present article analyzes the dissipation characteristics of the direct contact condensation (DCC) phenomenon that occurs when steam is injected into a water tank at a subsonic speed using a new modeling approach for the entropy generation over the calculation domain. The developed entropy assessment model is based on the local equilibrium hypothesis of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The fluid flow and heat transfer processes are investigated numerically. To describe the condensation and evaporation process at the vapor-liquid interface, a phase change model originated from the kinetic theory of gas is implemented with the mixture model for multiphase flow in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS-FLUENT. The CFD predictions agree well with the published works, which indicates the phase change model combined with the mixture model is a promising way to simulate the DCC phenomenon. In addition, three clear stages as initial stage, developing stage and oscillatory stage are discriminated from both the thermal-hydraulic results and the entropy generation information. During different stages, different proportion of the entropy generation rate owing to heat transfer, viscous direct dissipation, turbulent dissipation and inner phase change in total entropy generation rate is estimated, which is favorable to deeper understanding the irreversibility of DCC phenomenon, designing and optimizing the equipment involved in the process.
A Viable Electrode Material for Use in Microbial Fuel Cells for Tropical Regions
Authors: Offei Felix , Thygesen Anders , Mensah Moses , Tabbicca Kwame , Fernando Dinesh , Petrushina Irina , Daniel Geoffrey
Published: January 2016

Electrode materials are critical for microbial fuel cells (MFC) since they influence the construction and operational costs. This study introduces a simple and efficient electrode material in the form of palm kernel shell activated carbon (AC) obtained in tropical regions. The novel introduction of this material is also targeted at introducing an inexpensive and durable electrode material, which can be produced in rural communities to improve the viability of MFCs. The maximum voltage and power density obtained (under 1000 Ω load) using an H-shaped MFC with AC as both anode and cathode electrode material was 0.66 V and 1.74 W/m3, respectively. The power generated by AC was as high as 86% of the value obtained with the extensively used carbon paper. Scanning electron microscopy and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of AC anode biofilms confirmed that electrogenic bacteria were present on the electrode surface for substrate oxidation and the formation of nanowires.
Primers for low‐copy nuclear genes in the Melastomataceae
Authors: Reginato Marcelo , Michelangeli Fabián A.
Published: January 2016

Premise of the study:

Low‐copy nuclear gene primers were developed for phylogenetic studies across the Melastomataceae.

Methods and Results:

Total genomic libraries from eight species in the Melastomataceae along with one transcriptome were used for marker identification and primer design. Eight exon‐primed intron‐crossing markers were amplified with success in taxa of nine tribes in the Melastomataceae. The new markers were directly sequenced for eight samples of closely related species of Miconia (Chaenanthera clade) in the tribe Miconieae. The DNA sequences for the eight loci ranged from 660 to 818 aligned base pairs. Compared with four commonly used markers in other studies, the loci developed here had a higher number of variable sites than plastid spacers (7–16 vs. 26–45) and comparable variation to the ribosomal spacers (28–39).

Conclusions:

The novel primer pairs should be useful for a broad range of studies of systematics and evolution in the diverse Melastomataceae.
Thérapie narrative, famille recomposée et fonction paternelle
Authors: Mori Serge
Published: January 2016

Les récits de vie ont une influence directe sur notre vie familiale. En fait, on peut même affirmer que les récits « sont » la famille. Quand une famille recomposée consulte en thérapie narrative, c’est qu’elle est coincée devant une impasse inhérente au récit qui guide sa vie. Le thérapeute narratif cherchera donc la zone où les membres de cette famille peuvent bouger dans leur récit. La perspective proposée est la suivante : la famille est « prise » par le problème, enfermée dans un récit. Selon Michael White, « La famille n’est pas réduite à son problème. La famille n’est pas le problème, le problème est le problème. La famille [...] a plutôt une relation avec le problème [...], alors la relation peut changer ». Dans cet article nous abordons également l’importance de la fonction paternelle dans une famille recomposée et l’histoire que nous pourrions nous raconter les uns avec les autres en revisitant la distinction entre le rôle du père et la fonction paternelle commune à tous.
Wavelets with Application in Image Compression
Authors: Singh Piyush Kumar , Singh Ravi Shankar , Rai Kabindra Nath
Published: January 2016

This chapter focus mainly on different wavelet transform algorithms as Burt's Pyramid, Mallat's Pyramidal Algorithm, Feauveau's non dyadic structure and its application in Image compression.This chapter focus on mathematical concepts involved in wavelet transform like convolution, scaling function, wavelet function, Multiresolution analysis, inner product etc, and how these mathematical concepts are liked to image transform application. This chapter gives an idea towards wavelets and wavelet transforms. Image compression based on wavelet transform consists of transform, quantization and encoding. Basic focus is not only on transform step, selection of particular wavelet, wavelets involved in new standard of image compression but also on quantization and encoding, Huffman code, run length code. Difference in between JPEG and JPEG2000, Quantization and sampling, wavelet function and wavelet transform are also given. This chapter is also giving some basic idea of MATLAB to assist readers in understanding MATLAB Programming in terms of image processing.
Developing Project Team Cohesiveness in a Virtual Environment
Authors: Toler Lisa
Published: January 2016

As more projects require the specialized technical skills of those who work in virtual environments due to dispersed geographic locations, project managers of these distributed virtual teams (DVT) must gain insight into achieving project success amongst team members who hold varying operational and world perspectives. When organizational managers decide to implement virtual teams (VT), can they develop strategies to overcome the lack of social interaction, cultural differences, and preconceived notions that can hinder the development of a collaborative and cohesive team? In addition, leading DVTs in a manner that encourages collaboration, diversity, competency building, open communication, and overcoming feelings of isolation must be met in this technology-based environment. This chapter addresses the dilemma of managers in which they must have a clear understanding of what communication and relationship-building techniques and management systems are best suited.
Integrating Virtual Worlds and Mobile Robots in Game-Based Treatment for Children with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Garzotto Franca , Gelsomini Mirko
Published: January 2016

In recent years we have witnessed a rapid growth of learning applications for children with different kinds of disabilities. These tools exploit different learning paradigms and employ a gamut of “beyond the desktop” interaction modes and devices, including haptic controllers, (multi)touch small and large displays, digitally augmented physical objects, robots and motion-sensing cameras. Our research explores novel interactive solutions for children with intellectual disability who have significant limitations both in intellectual functioning, i.e., general mental capacity such as memory, attention, reasoning and problem solving, and in adaptive behavior, i.e., social and practical skills related to daily living (interpersonal relationships. social responsibility, ability to follow rules/obey laws, personal care). Our goal is to provide intellectually disabled children with game-based learning tools that integrate motion-based touchless interaction and interaction with mobile robots. In this chapter, we discuss the above issues and exemplify them by describing a set of games based on the above mentioned interaction paradigm that we have designed for IDD children in order to promote social and cognitive skills.
MOOCs and Multiple Learning Styles
Authors: González Sandra Jiménez , Mendoza-González Ricardo , Rodriguez-Martinez Laura C. , Rodríguez-Díaz Mario A.
Published: January 2016

Massive Online Open Courses are a recent trend in distance learning promoted by several prestigious universities. They have drastically changed the way we learn as well as how we teach. The main aim of MOOCs is to provide new opportunities to a massive number of learners to attend free online courses from anywhere all over the world. MOOCs provide open learning. It has been found that the current model of open learning suffers from some limitations, and one of these limitations is the lack of personalization. A way to provide personalization into open learning is through learning style theory. The learning style theory is considered and, specifically, the Felder and Silverman model is selected to identify the learning styles and provide the required adaptation.
Identifying Parent's Security Requirements for Web Filtering in MOOCs for Kids
Authors: Sánchez Juanita Avila , González Ricardo Mendoza
Published: January 2016

This work investigates the challenges and concerns faced when users set up and use web filtering systems for children, and identifies those changes, in the configuration interface and notifications, that could improve the users' experience and satisfaction. The findings of this study derived from the perception of one hundred parents on the usability of ten web filtering systems. The obtained results could represent a convenient starting point for further design-strategies oriented to facilitate the user-centered design in order to get web filtering systems easy to interpret and understand, thus helping to reduce configuration errors that create gaps in the safety of kids when using MOOCs and their integrated social tools.
The Role of Virtual Worlds for Enhancing Student-Student Interaction in MOOCs
Authors: Reis Rosa , Escudeiro Paula
Published: January 2016

This theoretical chapter attempts to clarify interaction role in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCS) and increased emphasis on utilization the virtual worlds, as tools to a constructive process where the learner should be actively involved. An overview of the core concepts of the MOOCs and Virtual Worlds is provided and an explanation of how these environments can be used for helping in creation more authentic learning activities. The chapter presents an interaction model based on collaboration, so as to elucidate the major design differences. In conclusion, we want explore the changing role of formal learning in an era open education, where the Massive Open Online Courses can allow access, in many cases completely free of cost to the learner.
Towards a Gamification Design Process for Building Engaging MOOCs
Authors: Kalogeraki Aikaterini
Published: January 2016

MOOCs offer a model of massive, free and personalized education and they are consider by many educators and researchers as a potential alternative to global education and providing massive open lifelong learning, indispensable in the “Information Society” we live in today. Nevertheless research conducted have observed a large dropout rate among MOOCs, mainly because courses are massively open and centered around learners with different ages, experiences, skills and motivations. The author believes that it is vital to introduce Gamification elements in order to commitment the learners for completing the courses, with willingness and pleasure. In this chapter will be presented the theoretical background of Gamification elements that can be combined with the principles of UX, guidelines for the design interface of MOOCs and their involvement of learning theories and game-based theory. It will also include a design proposal for the interface of MOOCs that will engaged UX with elements of Gamification.
Web based Privacy Disclosure Threats and Control Techniques
Authors: Hunka Tithi , Dash Sital , Pattnaik Prasant Kumar
Published: January 2016

Due to advancement of internet technologies, web based applications are gaining popularity day by day. Many organizations maintain large volumes of web site based data about individuals that may carry information that cannot be revealed to the public or researchers. While web-based applications are becoming increasingly pervasive by nature, they also present new security and privacy challenges. However, privacy threats effects negatively on sensitive data and possibly leads to the leakage of confidential information. More ever, privacy preserving data mining techniques allow us to protect the sensitive data before it gets published to the public by changing the original micro-data format and contents. This chapter is intended to undertake an extensive study on some ramified disclosure threats to the privacy and PPDM (privacy preserving data mining) techniques as a unified solution to protect against threats.
Mobile Cloud Computing Future Trends and Opportunities
Authors: Umair Sajid , Muneer Umair , Zahoor Muhammad Nauman , Malik Asad W.
Published: January 2016

Due to wide variety of smart phones and capability of supporting heavy applications their demand is increasing day by day. Increase of computation capability and processing power Mobile cloud computing (MCC) becomes an emerging field. After cloud computing mobile cloud provide significant advantage and usage with reliability and portability. Challenges involved in mobile cloud computing are energy consumption, computation power and processing ability. Mobile cloud provides a way to use cloud resources on mobile but traditional models of smart phones does not support cloud so researchers introduce new models for the development of MCC. There are certain phases that still need improvement and this field attracts many researchers. Purpose of this chapter is to analyze and summarize the challenges involved in this field and work done so far.
The Heterogeneity Paradigm in Big Data Architectures
Authors: Ivanov Todor , Izberovic Sead , Korfiatis Nikolaos
Published: January 2016

This chapter introduces the concept of heterogeneity as a perspective in the architecture of big data systems targeted to both vertical and generic workloads and discusses how this can be linked with the existing Hadoop ecosystem (as of 2015). The case of the cost factor of a big data solution and its characteristics can influence its architectural patterns and capabilities and as such an extended model based on the 3V paradigm is introduced (Extended 3V). This is examined on a hierarchical set of four layers (Hardware, Management, Platform and Application). A list of components is provided on each layer as well as a classification of their role in a big data solution.
Seasonal natural history of aphidophagous Syrphidae (Diptera) attacking the balsam twig aphid in balsam fir (Pinaceae) Christmas tree plantations
Authors: Berthiaume Richard , Hébert Christian , Pelletier Georges , Cloutier Conrad
Published: January 2016

The balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most important pests of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller; Pinaceae) grown as Christmas trees in eastern North America. Aphid feeding on the current-year shoots results in needle distortion and shoots stunting, which reduces the aesthetic value of balsam fir trees and can have substantial economic impact. Syrphidae (Diptera) fly predators attacking this aphid are poorly known. We identified four species attacking the balsam twig aphid. Syrphus torvus Osten Sacken (Diptera: Syrphidae) was the most abundant species followed by Eupeodes lapponicus (Zetterstedt) (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Eupeodes americanus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae). We described the seasonal natural history of the two most abundant syrphids feeding on this aphid and we studied their synchrony with their prey. Syrphid larval density on balsam fir shoots increased rapidly and closely followed density of the balsam twig aphid. We also reported heavy parasitism of syrphid pupae by two Hymenoptera on tree foliage but lower parasitism on pupae in the soil under trees. Several cases of multiple parasitism and hyperparasitism were observed in syrphid pupae under trees. Abundance of predaceous syrphid species was higher in untreated balsam fir plantations compared with treated plantations. More research is needed to understand the role and the impact of these predators on balsam twig aphid population dynamics.
La Arqueología Virtual: Construyendo un puente entre la sociedad moderna y la escuela innovadora
Authors: Husillos García María Luz
Published: January 2016

The construction of the new european space is leading to the emergence of a rapid process of convergence that covers all kinds of fields such as social, economic and industrial. Among the most popular social issues today, highlights the educational world. In this sense, it is trying to make a profound change in the education
system, making it more flexible, practical and fun, meeting all kinds of students. In this context, the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are necessary to facilitate the teaching-learning process, enabling the creation of a link between the archaeological and the virtual, which enables the conversion of assets in real and powerful resources to support school and cultural entertainment.