bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positionen von Spinellfehlstellen in γ‐Al2O3
Authors: Prins Roel
Published: June 2019

Ein Nicht‐Spinellmodell für die Struktur von γ‐Al2O3, bei dem sich 25 % der Al3+‐Kationen an tetraedrischen Positionen befinden, hat viel Interesse erregt. 17O‐NMR‐Messungen und – erst kürzlich – 27Al‐NMR‐Messungen haben aber gezeigt, dass sich erheblich mehr Al3+‐Kationen an tetraedrischen Positionen befinden. Dies bedeutet, dass sich die Al3+‐Fehlstellen in γ‐Al2O3 nicht an tetraedrischen, sondern an oktaedrischen Positionen befinden, wie beim isostrukturellen γ‐Fe2O3 und in Übereinstimmung mit dichtefunktionaltheoretischen Voraussagen. Dies hat Folgen für die Struktur der γ‐Al2O3‐Oberfläche und für die Katalyse.
Tri‐Spiral Donor for High Efficiency and Versatile Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Li Wei , Li Binbin , Cai Xinyi , Gan Lin , Xu Zhida , Li Wenqi , Liu Kunkun , Chen Dongcheng , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: June 2019

Blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters that can simultaneously achieve high efficiency in doped and nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are rarely reported. Reported here is a strategy using a tri‐spiral donor for such versatile blue TADF emitters. Impressively, by simply extending the nonconjugated fragment and molecular length, aggregation‐caused emission quenching (ACQ) can be greatly alleviated to achieve as high as a 90 % horizontal orientation dipole ratio and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 33.3 % in doped and 20.0 % in nondoped sky‐blue TADF‐OLEDs. More fascinatingly, a high‐efficiency purely organic white OLED with an outstanding EQE of up to 22.8 % was also achieved by employing TspiroS‐TRZ as a blue emitter and an assistant host. This compound is the first blue TADF emitter that can simultaneously achieve high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency in doped, nondoped sky‐blue, and white TADF‐OLEDs.
Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Hydrogenation of α‐Formyl Enamides: An Efficient Access to Chiral α‐Amido Aldehydes
Authors: Zhang Jian , Jia Jia , Zeng Xincheng , Wang Yuanhao , Zhang Zhenfeng , Gridnev Ilya D. , Zhang Wanbin
Published: June 2019

In order to effectively synthesize chiral α‐amino aldehydes, which have a wide range of potential applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, a highly chemo‐ and enantioselective hydrogenation of α‐formyl enamides has been developed, catalyzed by a rhodium complex of a P‐stereogenic bisphosphine ligand. Under different hydrogen pressures, the chiral α‐amido aldehydes and β‐amido alcohols were obtained in high yields (97–99 %) and with excellent chemo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >99.9 % ee). The hydrogenation can be carried out on a gram scale and with a high substrate/catalyst ratio (up to 20 000 S/C), and the hydrogenated products were further converted into several important chiral products. Computations of the catalytic cycle gave a clear description for the R/S pathways, provided a reasonable explanation for the enantioselectivity, and revealed several other specific features.
Location of the Spinel Vacancies in γ‐Al2O3
Authors: Prins Roel
Published: June 2019

A non‐spinel model for the structure of γ‐Al2O3, with 25 % of the Al3+ cations at tetrahedral positions, has been the subject of wide interest. However, 17O NMR measurements and, more recently, 27Al NMR measurements have shown that there are considerably more Al3+ cations at tetrahedral positions. This means that the Al3+ vacancies in γ‐Al2O3 are not at tetrahedral but at octahedral positions, as in isostructural γ‐Fe2O3 and in accordance with density functional theory predictions. This has consequences with regard to the surface structure of γ‐Al2O3, and thus, for catalysis.
Switchable Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization with the Assistance of Azobenzenes
Authors: Nie Huijun , Li Shenzhen , Qian Sijia , Han Zhongqiang , Zhang Wangqing
Published: June 2019

Modulating controlled radical polymerization is an interesting and important issue. Herein, modulating RAFT polymerization employing photosensitive azobenzenes is achieved. In the presence of azobenzenes and with visible light off, RAFT polymerization runs smoothly and follows a pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. In contrast, with light on, RAFT polymerization is greatly decelerated or quenched depending on the type and concentration of azobenzenes. Switchable RAFT polymerization of different (meth)acrylate monomers alternatively with light off and on is demonstrated. A mechanism of photoregulating RAFT polymerization involving radical quenching by azobenzenes is proposed.
Negative Charging of Transition‐Metal Phosphides via Strong Electronic Coupling for Destabilization of Alkaline Water
Authors: You Bo , Zhang Yadong , Jiao Yan , Davey Kenneth , Qiao Shi Zhang
Published: June 2019

Heterogeneous electrocatalysis typically involves charge transfer between surface active sites and adsorbed species. Therefore, modulating the surface charge state of an electrocatalyst can be used to enhance performance. A series of negatively charged transition‐metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu,and NiCo) phosphides were fabricated by designing strong electronic coupling with hydr(oxy)oxides formed in situ. Physicochemical characterizations, together with DFT computations, demonstrate that strong electronic coupling renders transition‐metal phosphides negatively charged. This facilitates destabilization of alkaline water adsorption and dissociation to result in significantly improved H2 evolution. Negatively charged Ni2P/nickel hydr(oxy)oxide for example exhibits a significantly low overpotential of 138 mV at 100 mA cm−2, superior to that without strong electronic coupling and also commercial Pt/C.
Ermüdungsversuche an profilierten Spannbetonträgern unter Querkraftbeanspruchung
Authors: Hillebrand Matthias , Hegger Josef
Published: June 2019

Die Anforderungen an Brückenbauwerke erhöhen sich seit Jahren durch steigende Verkehrszahlen, die insbesondere bei Brücken im Bestand zu einer hohen Ausnutzung der Querkraftbewehrung unter zyklischer Belastung führen. Zur Beschreibung des Ermüdungstragverhaltens von querkraftbewehrten, profilierten Spannbetonbalken unter zyklischer Querkraftbeanspruchung wurden am Institut für Massivbau der RWTH Aachen Versuche durchgeführt, um insbesondere die Einflüsse aus Querkraftbewehrungsgrad, Oberlast und Amplitude zu untersuchen. Die Versuche mit einem Querkraftbewehrungsgrad von ca. 0,67 % ergänzen bereits in der Vergangenheit getestete Balken mit geringerer bzw. ohne Querkraftbewehrung. Die zyklische Belastung führt zu einem sukzessiven Versagen der Querkraftbewehrung und ausgeprägten Umlagerungen der Kräfte, die sich über mehrere Hunderttausend Lastwechsel erstrecken. In den Versuchen wurden deutlich größere Lastspielzahlen erreicht, als sich nach aktuellen Nachweisen für Querkraft unter Ermüdung ergeben. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden die Ergebnisse von sechs neuen Versuchen mit I‐Profil vorgestellt.
Novel fluorescent sensor using molecularly imprinted silica microsphere‐coated CdSe@CdS quantum dots and its application in the detection of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol from environmental water samples
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Piaopiao , Zheng Shan , Xing Yichen , Huang Chaobiao
Published: June 2019

In this study, a high fluorescence sensitivity and selectivity, molecularly imprinted nanofluorescent polymer sensor (MIP@SiO2@QDs) was prepared using a reverse microemulsion method. 2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP) was detected using fluorescence quenching. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), quantum dots (QDs) and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) were used as cross‐linker, signal sources and functional monomer respectively. The sensor (MIP@SiO2@QDs) and the non‐imprinted polymer sensor (NIP@SiO2@QDs) were characterized using infra‐red (IR) analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The selectivity of MIP@SiO2@QDs was examined by comparing 2,4,6‐TCP with other similar functional substances including 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP), 2,6‐dichlorophenol (2,6‐DCP) and 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP). Results showed that MIP@SiO2@QDs had better selectivity for 2,4,6‐TCP than the other compounds. Fluorescence quenching efficiency displayed a good linear response at the 2,4,6‐TCP concentration range 5–1000 μmol/L. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.9 μmol/L (3σ, n = 9). This method was equally applicable for testing actual samples with a recovery rate of 98.0–105.8%. The sensor had advantages of simple pretreatment, good sensitivity and selectivity, and wide linear range and could be applied for the rapid detection of 2,4,6‐TCP in actual samples.
Is institutional academic freedom on the decline?
Authors: Elliott Cody J.
Published: June 2019

More than 50 years ago, the U.S. Supreme Court first recognized the “four essential freedoms” of institutions of higher education: the freedoms to determine “who may teach, what may be taught, how it shall be taught, and who may be admitted to study” (Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234, 263 (1957)). Since then, institutions of higher education have cited this concept of institutional academic freedom to remind courts they aren't well‐suited (or qualified) to make decisions involving subjective judgments about individual faculty members’ professional capabilities, and to caution courts from interfering in purely academic decisions made by faculty members.
Know how to prep for potential changes in Title IX regs
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2019

Until the federal government announces new Title IX regulations, higher education administrators must go beyond taking a wait‐and‐see approach to take proactive preparation steps. But how exactly can you prepare for unspecified, unknown changes?
Did university deny due process to terminated employee?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: June 2019

The plaintiff became director of a University of North Dakota research center in 1987. In 2014, the university's president sent the plaintiff a letter stating it was his intention to dismiss him for: (1) deliberately providing false information regarding the center, (2) withholding material information regarding the center, (3) directing center employees to submit false information to the university, (4) deliberately providing false and misleading information to employees and the public regarding the university's financial support of the center, (5) creating an inappropriate and abusive work environment, (6) engaging in discriminatory conduct toward one of the university's vice presidents, and (7) being insubordinate. The letter also set forth 25 examples of the plaintiff's alleged misbehavior.
Children and “junk food” advertising: Critique of a recent Australian study
Authors: Rossiter John R.
Published: June 2019

A field experiment by Australian public health researchers Norman, Kelly, McMahon, and others allegedly demonstrated that primary school children's physical health is threatened by exposure to “junk food” advertising. Their study was published in the international health journal Appetite and was clearly intended to influence government regulatory policy. The methodology of the study was taken, without acknowledgement, from an earlier American study in the Journal of Consumer Research and much other research on children's consumer behavior, including pioneering studies conducted by the present author‚ was ignored. Also, quite unforgivably, the researchers neglected to cite Australia's already strict regulatory controls on and guidelines for advertising directed to children. The present author sent a rejoinder to Appetite pointing out the many problems with Norman et al.'s research and recommending that their article be withdrawn, but the editor insisted I revise it to remove almost all the criticisms, which I naturally refused to do. Instead, by publishing this article in JCB, the present author is hoping to make consumer researchers aware of the sort of poorly performed and ideologically influenced research relating to marketing and consumer behavior that is appearing in the health journals. The present article also contributes more generally by exposing problems that must be avoided in experimental research on consumer behavior.
Sunlight‐Driven Production of Methylcyclohexane from Water and Toluene Using ZnSe : Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐Based Photocathode
Authors: Kageshima Yosuke , Goto Yosuke , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Shibata Naoya , Domen Kazunari , Minegishi Tsutomu
Published: June 2019

A three‐dimensional reaction field composed of a thick, porous TiO2 layer decorated with Pt and an anionic ionomer was fabricated on the surface of a membrane photocathode assembly (MPA). This MPA comprised (ZnSe)0.85(CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2)0.15 (ZnSe : CIGS) particles that promoted the photoelectrochemical (PEC) production of methylcyclohexane (MCH) from toluene and water. The Pt/TiO2 layer provided selective active sites for MCH production as well as reactant supply pathways. A tandem PEC cell consisting of the Pt/TiO2‐modified ZnSe : CIGS MPA and a photoanode exhibited spontaneous MCH production with a solar‐to‐MCH (STMCH) conversion efficiency as high as 0.32 %. This is the first‐ever report of sunlight‐driven overall MCH production without any assistance of external bias voltages and demonstrates the feasibility of driving this reaction as an artificial photosynthesis.
Carbon Cloth Modified with Metal‐Organic Framework Derived CC@CoMoO4‐Co(OH)2 Nanosheets Array as a Flexible Energy‐Storage Material
Authors: Zhao Yunhe , Dong Hongxing , He Xinyi , Yu Jing , Chen Rongrong , Liu Qi , Liu Jingyuan , Zhang Hongsen , Yu Jia , Wang Jun
Published: June 2019

Due to the urgent demand for portable electronics, enormous research efforts are devoted for the development of flexible, wearable and lightweight supercapacitors. Herein, we report a cost‐effective chemical liquid process followed with a refluxing route to grow CC@CoMoO4‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets with Co‐based MOF as precursor. The resulting CC@CoMoO4‐Co(OH)2‐4 electrode delivers a significantly enhanced specific capacitance of 2028 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and capacitance of 1581.8 F g−1 at 20 A g−1. Furthermore, the flexible all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (CC@CoMoO4‐Co(OH)2//AC) is assembled, displays a high energy density of 61 Wh kg−1 at power density of 800 W kg−1, with an excellent cycle stability. These exceptional electrochemical performances could be ascribed to the unique structure and multi‐metal ion combination contributes to the ideal synergistic effects, which also signify that the potential application of CC@CoMoO4‐Co(OH)2 nansheets in high‐performance supercapacitors.
Pentaerythritol Derived Tetrapode Exhibiting a Nematic‐Like Mesophase at Ambient Temperatures
Authors: Hann Jodie L. , Mandle Richard J.
Published: June 2019

The nematic liquid‐crystalline phase exhibits average orientational order, with no positional organisation. So‐called modulated nematic phases exhibit this same orientational order with an additional spatially periodic modulation of the nematic director, the most common of which is the twist‐bend nematic phase. We report a pentaerythritol derived tetrapode which exhibits a nematic‐like mesophase at ambient temperature, and we denote this new mesophase ‘NX’ to indicate a nematic phase of unknown structure. X‐ray scattering experiments refute the possibility of positional order, yet optical textures are consistent with a periodic structure. We suggest that the mesophase exhibited by this material is a new type of nematic‐like mesophase with some form of modulated structure. We find the NX phase to exhibit an electrooptic response consistent with a nematic‐like phase.
Comprehensive investigation on synthetic cannabinoids: Metabolic behavior and potency testing, using 5F‐APP‐PICA and AMB‐FUBINACA as model compounds
Authors: Fabregat‐Safont David , Mardal Marie , Noble Carolina , Cannaert Annelies , Stove Christophe P. , Sancho Juan V. , Linnet Kristian , Hernández Félix , Ibáñez María
Published: June 2019

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) represented 45% of new psychoactive substances seizures in Europe (data from 2016). The consumption of SCs is an issue of concern due to their still unknown toxicity and effects on human health, the great variety of compounds synthetized, and the continuous modifications being made to their chemical structure to avoid regulatory issues. These compounds are extensively metabolized in the organism and often cannot be detected as the intact molecule in human urine. The monitoring of SCs in forensic samples must be performed by the analysis of their metabolites. In this work, a workflow for the comprehensive study of SC consumption is proposed and applied to 5F‐APP‐PICA (also known as PX 1 or SRF‐30) and AMB‐FUBINACA (also known as FUB‐AMB or MMB‐FUBINACA), based not only on the elucidation of their metabolites but also including functional data using the NanoLuc approach, previously published. Both cannabinoids were completely metabolized by human hepatocytes (12 and 8 metabolites were elucidated by high resolution mass spectrometry for 5F‐APP‐PICA and AMB‐FUBINACA, respectively) and therefore suitable consumption markers are proposed. The bioassays revealed that 5F‐APP‐PICA presented lower activity than AMB‐FUBINACA at CB1 and CB2 receptors, based on the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) and the maximum response (Emax). These results are in agreement with the different intoxication cases found in the literature for AMB‐FUBINACA.
A novel conserved enhancer at zebrafish zic3 and zic6 loci drives neural expression
Authors: Minhas Rashid , Paterek Aleksandra , Łapiński Maciej , Bazała Michał , Korzh Vladimir , Winata Cecilia L.
Published: June 2019

Background

Identifying enhancers and deciphering their putative roles represent a major step to better understand the mechanism of metazoan gene regulation, development, and the role of regulatory elements in disease. Comparative genomics and transgenic assays have been used with some success to identify critical regions that are involved in regulating the spatiotemporal expression of genes during embryogenesis.

Results

We identified two novel tetrapod‐teleost conserved noncoding elements within the vicinity of the zic3 and zic6 loci in the zebrafish genome and demonstrated their ability to drive tissue‐specific expression in a transgenic zebrafish assay. The syntenic analysis and robust green fluorescent expression in the developing habenula in the stable transgenic line were correlated with known sites of endogenous zic3 and zic6 expression.

Conclusion

This transgenic line that expresses green fluorescent protein in the habenula is a valuable resource for studying a specific population of cells in the zebrafish central nervous system. Our observations indicate that a genomic sequence that is conserved between humans and zebrafish acts as an enhancer that likely controls zic3 and zic6 expression.
Ecological stakeholder analogs as intermediaries between freshwater biodiversity conservation and sustainable water management
Authors: van Rees Charles B. , Cañizares Jessica Rozek , Garcia Gabriela Marie , Reed J. Michael
Published: June 2019

Water security is essential for human well‐being and is among the biggest challenges in environmental governance. Governments and nonprofit organizations alike are gaining increased appreciation for the contributions of intact ecosystems to water security, whereas conservation scientists call for decisive action to address the dire condition of earth's freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity. Stakeholder‐based, Habermasian decision‐making frameworks such as integrated water resources management (IWRM) are widely used to equitably manage complex water systems, and ecologists have developed increasingly sophisticated frameworks (e.g., environmental flows) to quantify and anticipate the ecological outcomes of water management decisions. IWRM implementation is criticized for being excessively top‐down whereas ecological frameworks in water decision‐making can fail to account for the cultural and societal values of ecosystems, and it remains unclear how best to connect the desired bottom‐up implementation of IWRM with the expert‐based, top‐down structure of hydro‐ecological research. We revisit and elaborate upon the ecological stakeholder analog (ESA) concept, which treats ecological phenomena (e.g., species and processes) as stakeholders and ecological information as interests and positions with respect to water management. We then illustrate how ESAs can address the many calls to improve environmental flows and IWRM strategies by improving their integration, and how established conceptual frameworks from stakeholder theory applies readily to ecological stakeholders.
Electrolyte Membranes Based on Molten KH5(PO4)2 for Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu L. , Li H. , Chen X. , Lei X.
Published: June 2019

Electrolyte membranes loaded with KH5(PO4)2 are prepared by immersing SiO2/polybenzimidazole (PBI) matrices into molten KH5(PO4)2. The morphologies, chemical structures, thermal properties, mechanical properties and proton conductivities of the electrolyte membranes are examined. The utilization of SiO2/PBI matrices ensures that the KH5(PO4)2‐loaded electrolyte membranes possess excellent mechanical properties. With the highest SiO2 doping rate, the K/(3SiO2/7PBI) electrolyte membrane has favorable mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 55.83 MPa and an elongation of ∼55%, which satisfy the requirements for membrane electrode assemblies in intermediate temperature fuel cells. In addition, this electrolyte membrane possesses a superior conductivity of 0.139 S cm−1 at 180 °C under an H2O/N2 atmosphere and shows desirable conductivity stability at elevated temperatures. A fuel cell equipped with the K/(3SiO2/7PBI) electrolyte membrane exhibits an open‐circuit voltage of 1.01 V and its peak power density reaches 36 mWcm−2.
Providing Asset‐Based Support for Asian American Refugees: Interrogating Transgenerational Trauma, Resistance, and Affective Capital
Authors: Kwan Yvonne Y.
Published: June 2019

Instead of suppressing the anger and pain associated with war and genocide, Asian American refugees in higher education can be supported to engage their families’ traumas to help them better navigate college life.
Identification of distinctive features in human intracranial tumors by label‐free nonlinear multimodal microscopy
Authors: Galli Roberta , Uckermann Ortrud , Sehm Tina , Leipnitz Elke , Hartmann Christian , Sahm Felix , Koch Edmund , Schackert Gabriele , Steiner Gerald , Kirsch Matthias
Published: June 2019

Nonlinear multimodal microscopy offers a series of label‐free techniques with potential for intraoperative identification of tumor borders in situ using novel endoscopic devices. Here, we combined coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering, two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation imaging to analyze biopsies of different human brain tumors, with the aim to understand whether the morphological information carried by single field of view images, similar to what delivered by present endoscopic systems, is sufficient for tumor recognition. We imaged 40 human biopsies of high and low grade glioma, meningioma, as well as brain metastases of melanoma, breast, lung and renal carcinoma, in comparison with normal brain parenchyma. Furthermore, five biopsies of schwannoma were analyzed and compared with nonpathological nerve tissue. Besides the high cellularity, the typical features of tumor, which were identified and quantified, are intracellular and extracellular lipid droplets, aberrant vessels, extracellular matrix collagen and diffuse TPEF. Each tumor type displayed a particular morphochemistry characterized by specific patterns of the above‐mentioned features. Nonlinear multimodal microscopy performed on fresh unprocessed biopsies confirmed that the technique has the ability to visualize tumor structures and discern normal from neoplastic tissue likewise in conditions close to in situ.
Examining the Clinical Efficacy of Core Transformation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Braganza Dinesh J. , Piedmont Ralph L. , Fox Jesse , Fialkowski Geraldine M. , Gray Richard M.
Published: June 2019

This randomized clinical trial with a sample of adults (N = 129) from India explored the effects of a single core‐transformation session on symptom experience and psychological growth. The results over the total 8‐week study period indicated significant, moderate overall effect sizes (ds = 0.63 and 0.52) for symptom experience, emotional stability, affect balance, global well‐being, and purpose in life. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
Cognitive Complexity: Differentiation and Integration in Counseling Practice and Training
Authors: Wilkinson Brett D. , Dewell John A.
Published: June 2019

This article presents an in‐depth exploration of cognitive complexity. The authors propose that the domains of differentiation and integration signify unique cognitive processes that develop along distinct trajectories. Although differentiated complexity arises from clinical experience and certain training methods, the development of integrative complexity requires enhanced abductive reasoning skills and the use of phenomenological methods. Implications for growing integrative complexity through training, supervision, and clinical practice are provided.
SHORES: A Practical Mnemonic for Suicide Protective Factors
Authors: Cureton Jenny L. , Fink Matthew
Published: June 2019

Guidelines for addressing and managing client suicide risk include discussing and conceptualizing protective factors. Counselors should be able to recall and discuss suicide protective factors that are applicable across client populations. SHORES, a suicide protective factors mnemonic that is supported by the literature, has applications for risk assessment and crisis intervention across settings, preventative care, strengths‐based management, and counselor training. A case example and discussion serve to illustrate the wide‐ranging application of SHORES in counseling practice.
miR‐22enhances the radiosensitivity of small‐cell lung cancer by targeting theWRNIP1
Authors: Jiang Wenhua , Han Xuemei , Wang Jingrui , Wang Lin , Xu Zanmei , Wei Qiao , Zhang Wenpan , Wang Haitao
Published: June 2019

Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by high cellular proliferation and early distant metastasis. Our study aimed to explore the effect of miR‐22‐3p (miR‐22, for short) on SCLC radiosensitivity and its molecular mechanisms. The expression level of miR‐22 was evaluated in a human normal lung epithelial cell line and a human SCLC cell line, and cell apoptosis and migration were detected. The expression of the miR‐22 direct target WRNIP1 mRNA and protein were explored. Five differentially expressed genes were detected. The miR‐22 expression in NCI‐H446 was significantly decreased, and miR‐22 overexpression significantly promoted cell apoptosis. miR‐22 overexpression could significantly inhibit the cell migration of SCLC cells, and miR‐22 had a negative regulatory effect on WRNIP1 mRNA and protein levels. KLK8 was downregulated, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) of four other genes (PC, SCUBE1, STC1, and GPM6A) was upregulated mRNA in cells overexpressing miR‐22, which was in accordance with the bioinformatics analysis. miR‐22 could enhance the radiosensitivity of SCLC by targeting WRNIP1.
miR‐5590‐3p‐YY1 feedback loop promotes the proliferation and migration of triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Liang Feng , Fu Xin , Wang Linlin
Published: June 2019

Lacking of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is a significant reason for the poor prognosis of patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered to engage in the tumorigenesis and development of TNBC. miR‐5590‐3p has been found to be involved in the development of gastric cancer, but its role and underlying mechanism in TNBC remain obscure. In this study, it was discovered that miR‐5590‐3p was downregulated in TNBC tissues and cells. Function assays confirmed that miR‐5590‐3p overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process as well as promoted cell apoptosis in TNBC. Moreover, YY1 could bind with the promoter of miR‐5590‐3p and overexpression of YY1 inhibited the transcription of miR‐5590‐3p. It was found that YY1 acted as a downstream target gene to bind with miR‐5590‐3p and was negatively regulated by miR‐5590‐3p. Finally, it was discovered that overexpression of YY1 could partially rescue the miR‐5590‐3p overexpression‐mediated inhibitive effect on TNBC progression. Taken together these results, it can be concluded that miR‐5590‐3p‐YY1 feedback loop promoted the proliferation and migration of TNBC.
miR‐522 stimulates TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway and promotes osteosarcoma tumorigenesis by targeting PPM1A
Authors: Xu Xiqiang , Liu Mengmeng
Published: June 2019

Osteosarcoma (OS) is identified as an aggressive malignancy of the skeletal system and normally occurs among young people. It is well accepted that microRNAs are implicated in biological activities of diverse tumors. Although miR‐522 has been proved to elicit oncogenic properties in a wide range of human cancers, the physiological function and latent mechanism of miR‐522 in OS tumorigenesis remain largely to be probed. In the current study, we certified that miR‐522 was highly expressed in OS cells and presented carcinogenic function by contributing to cell proliferation, migration, and EMT progression whereas dampening cell apoptosis. In addition, miR‐522 provoked TGF‐β/Smad pathway through targeting PPM1A. Finally, the results of mechanism experiments elucidated that miR‐522 stimulated TGF‐β/Smad pathway to induce the development of OS via targeting PPM1A, which exposed that miR‐522 may become a promising curative target for OS patients.
Cover Image, Volume 94, Issue 7
Authors: Wu Simiao , Qian Guangren , He Zhen
Published: June 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Examination of inorganic‐based draw solutes and mitigation of their reverse solute flux in osmotic microbial fuel cells by Simiao Wu et al., DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5794.

image
Standard Needle Magnetization for Ultrasound Needle Guidance: First Clinical Experiences in Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Freesmeyer Martin , Kühnel Christian , Gühne Falk , Seifert Philipp
Published: June 2019

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology using a novel ultrasound needle guidance system on the basis of standard needle magnetization was consecutively performed in 30 (15 in‐plane and 15 out‐of‐plane) suspicious thyroid nodules. Nondedicated, commercially available needles were used. The technical effectiveness and safety of the system were satisfying; system failures were observed in 2 cases. The needle tip could be (at least occasionally) visualized inside the thyroid nodule in 96%, and the subjective procedure ratings were excellent in 57%. The out‐of‐plane technique was significantly superior in both respects (P = .021 and .027, respectively). Standard needle magnetization ultrasound needle guidance was easy to apply and cost‐effective and has the potential to improve fine‐needle aspiration cytology performance.
Skater's Cramp: A Possible Task‐Specific Dystonia in Dutch Ice Skaters
Authors: Nijenhuis Beorn , Schalkwijk Aron H.P. , Hendriks Sharon , Zutt Rodi , Otten Egbert , Tijssen Marina A.J.
Published: June 2019

Background

Skater's cramp is an involuntary lower leg movement in skilled speed skaters. We aim to evaluate whether skater's cramp is compatible with task‐specific dystonia.

Methods

A case‐control study tested 5 speed skaters exhibiting symptoms of skater's cramp and 5 controls. Affected skaters completed a standardized questionnaire and neurological examination. Video analyses included skating normally, intensely, and with extra mass around the skater's ankles. An Inertial Motion Capturing (IMC) device mounted on both skates provided angular velocity data for both feet.

Results

Median time of onset of skater's cramp occurred after 12 (range 3–22) years of speed skating. Skater's cramp appeared as task specific; its onset was sudden and correlated to stress and aberrant proprioception. Symptoms presented acutely and consistently during skating, unilaterally in 4 and bilaterally in 1 skater. Visually, skater's cramp was an active, patterned, and person‐specific jerking of a skater's foot, either exo‐ or endorotationally. It presented asymmetrically, repeating persistently as the foot neared the end of the swing phase. The skater's affected leg had a longer swing phase (median, 1.37 [interquartile range {IQR}, 0.35]/1.18 [IQR, 0.24] seconds; P < 0.01), a shorter glide phase (median, 1.09 [IQR, 0.25]/1.26 (IQR, 0.29) seconds; P < 0.01), and higher angular velocity during the jerking motion. Symptoms remained constant irrespective of speed or extra mass around the ankle (P > 0.05). No significant differences between legs were detected in the control group.

Conclusions

Observed clinical, visual, and kinematic data could be an early and tentative indication of task‐specific dystonia.
Compact low radar cross‐section microstrip patch antenna using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Tütüncü Bilal
Published: June 2019

A new approach for in‐band radar cross section (RCS) reduction of microstrip patch antenna with preserved radiation features is presented. This aim is achieved by the application of highly absorbing unit cells optimized by particle swarm optimization around the radiating patch of the reference antenna. More than 10 dB in‐band RCS reduction is observed from 2.5 GHz to 3 GHz for both x‐ and y‐polarizations with a −26.4 dB maximum RCS reduction at 2.8 GHz, according to measurement results. A close agreement between the measured and the simulated results shows that the proposed absorbing unit cell is a good candidate to enhance antenna in‐band stealth performance. In addition, with a comparative table, it has been shown that the proposed antenna has much lower in‐band RCS and is more compact than the other antennas proposed in previous literature. The basic benefit of this study is to achieve maximum in‐band RCS reduction, especially at the exact desired frequency without long‐term simulations and time‐consuming design studies.
Oxygen tension modulates extracellular vesicles and its miRNA contents in bovine embryo culture medium
Authors: Andrade Gabriella Mamede , Bomfim Monalisa Medrado , del Collado Maite , Meirelles Flávio Vieira , Perecin Felipe , da Silveira Juliano Coelho
Published: June 2019

The biotechnology for in vitro embryo production is becoming increasingly popular, being applied to humans and domestic animals. Embryo development can be achieved with either 20% or 5% oxygen tension. The extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by different cell types and carry bioactive materials. Our objective was to determine the secretion pattern and micro RNA (miRNA) contents of EVs released in the bovine embryo culture environment—embryo and cumulus cell monolayer—on Days 3 and 7 of in vitro culture under two different oxygen tensions: High (20%) and low (5%). The EVs were isolated from the medium and analyzed to determine size, concentration, and miRNA levels. EVs concentration in low oxygen tension increased on Day 3 and decreased on Day 7. Additionally, altered EV miRNAs derived from the embryo‐cumulus culture medium were predicted to regulate survival and proliferation‐related pathways on Days 3 and 7. Moreover, miR‐210 levels decreased in EVs isolated from the culture medium under high oxygen tension suggesting that this miRNA can be used as a marker for normoxia since it is associated with low oxygen tension. In summary, this study provides knowledge of the oxygen tension effects on EVs release and content, and potentially, on cell‐to‐cell communication during in vitro bovine embryo production.
SIMP‐ALL: A generalized SIMP method based on the topological derivative concept
Authors: Ferrer A.
Published: June 2019

Topology optimization has emerged in the last years as a promising research field with a wide range of applications. One of the most successful approaches, the SIMP method, is based on regularizing the problem and proposing a penalization interpolation function. In this work, we propose an alternative interpolation function, the SIMP‐ALL method that is based on the topological derivative concept. First, we show the strong relation in plane linear elasticity between the Hashin‐Shtrikman (H‐S) bounds and the topological derivative, providing a new interpretation of the last one. Then, we show that the SIMP‐ALL interpolation remains always in between the H‐S bounds regardless the materials to be interpolated. This result allows us to interpret intermediate values as real microstructures. Finally, we verify numerically this result and we show the convenience of the proposed SIMP‐ALL interpolation for obtaining auto‐penalized optimal design in a wider range of cases. A MATLAB code of the SIMP‐ALL interpolation function is also provided.
CAGW and TAT‐NLS peptides functionalized multitargeting gene delivery system with high transfection efficiency
Authors: Duo Xinghong , Bai Lingchuang , Wang Jun , Ji Hao , Guo Jintang , Ren Xiangkui , Shi Changcan , Xia Shihai , Zhang Wencheng , Feng Yakai
Published: June 2019

Gene therapy has attracted much attention in vascular tissue engineering. However, it is still challenging to develop a novel gene carrier with multifunction to overcome the barriers in gene delivery. Herein, the multitargeting gene complexes were developed based on methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly‐(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (mPEG‐b‐PLGA), poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)‐g‐polyethylenimine‐g‐CAGW (PLGA‐g‐PEI‐g‐CAGW), cell‐penetrating peptide YGRKKRRQRRR (TAT), nuclear localization signals (NLS), and pEGFP‐ZNF580 (pDNA) with the purpose of enhancing the transfection of endothelial cells (ECs). The low cytotoxic multitargeting gene complexes could be easily prepared by adjusting the weight ratio of mPEG‐b‐PLGA and PLGA‐g‐PEI‐g‐CAGW. Meanwhile, CAGW peptide with selectively ECs‐targeting ability and TAT‐NLS peptide sequence with both cell‐penetrating ability and nuclear targeting capacity were simultaneously introduced into gene complexes in order to enable them with the multitargeting function so as to improve their gene delivery capacity. The pDNA loading capacity of these gene complexes was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis assay. MTT results demonstrated that the relatively cell viability of the multitargeting gene complexes was higher than those of other groups. These multitargeting gene complexes showed higher internalization and transfection efficiencies than other groups. These results revealed that CAGW and TAT‐NLS peptide sequences benefited for efficient gene delivery. Furthermore, the wound healing assay demonstrated that the multitargeting gene complexes could promote the proliferation and migration of ECs. These results collectively demonstrated that CAGW and TAT‐NLS peptides functionalized gene delivery system could effectively enhance the transfection of ECs, which has great potential in vascular tissue engineering.
Age Differences across Adulthood in Interpretations of Situations and Situation–Behaviour Contingencies for Big Five States
Authors: Noftle Erik E. , Gust Charleen J.
Published: June 2019

In the last two decades, a burgeoning literature has begun to clarify the processes underlying personality traits and momentary trait–relevant behaviour. However, such work has almost exclusively investigated these questions in young adults. During the same period, much has been learned about adult personality trait development but with scant attention to the momentary processes that contribute to development. The current work connects these two topics, testing developmental questions about adult age differences and thus examining how age matters to personality processes. The study examines how four important situation characteristics are experienced in everyday life and how situations covary with Big Five trait–relevant behaviour (i.e. situation–behaviour contingencies). Two samples were collected (total N = 316), each assessing three age groups: young, middle–aged, and older adults. Using experience sampling method, participants completed reports four or five times per day across a representative period of daily life. Results suggested age differences in how situations are experienced on average, in the variability around these average situation experiences, and in situation–behaviour contingencies. The results therefore highlight that, across adulthood, age groups experience chronically different situations, differ in how much the situations they experience vary moment to moment, and differ in how much situation experience predicts their enactment of traits. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology
Origin of Resistance Switching and Regulation of the Resistance Stability by the Interface State Density on the Pt/Nb:SrTiO3 Interface
Authors: Li Guanghui , Yang Ziyan , Zhang Xinan , Li Guoqiang , Sun Xianwen , Zhang Weifeng
Published: June 2019

The surface defect and carrier concentrations of Nb‐doped SrTiO3 (NSTO) single crystals play an important role in its resistance switching (RS) properties. Herein, the RS of both 0.05 and 0.7 wt% Nb‐doped NSTO single crystals are studied. The hole defects on NSTO, which are characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance, increase with the enhanced Nb‐doping level. The hole defects with positive charges directly affect the RS characters of the Pt/NSTO junction by electron trapping/detrapping. The stability and discrimination of the resistance states are correlated with the interface state density and carrier concentration, which is controlled by the Nb‐doping level. The fundamental physical processes are proposed according to the experimental results.
Enabling immersive engagement in energy system models with deep learning
Authors: Bugbee Bruce , Bush Brian W. , Gruchalla Kenny , Potter Kristin , Brunhart‐Lupo Nicholas , Krishnan Venkat
Published: June 2019

Complex ensembles of energy simulation models have become significant components of renewable energy research in recent years. Often the significant computational cost, high‐dimensional structure, and other complexities hinder researchers from fully utilizing these data sources for knowledge building. Researchers at National Renewable Energy Laboratory have developed an immersive visualization workflow to dramatically improve user engagement and analysis capability through a combination of low‐dimensional structure analysis, deep learning, and custom visualization methods. We present case studies for two energy simulation platforms.
The top 5 sections of the FERPA regulations: §99.3 definitions, part 5 — Directory information notification, nondisclosure
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: June 2019

Two months ago, I described a situation where you received a phone call from a reporter. He wanted to check if a famous politician received a degree.
Before you click: Publishing accessible websites
Authors: Taylor Zachary W. , LaRonde Susan , Taylor M. Yvonne
Published: June 2019

As technology has advanced in recent years, institutions of higher education have the ability to present digital information in a variety of formats: visual, audio, and interactive. Web accessibility technology has also advanced, allowing students who are deaf, blind, or have other disabilities to access digital content in a variety of formats. For instance, “screen reader” technologies have made it possible for students who are blind to read an entire website, engage with multimedia, and enjoy a web experience that was formerly reserved exclusively for students without disabilities. Technology has increased students with disabilities’ access to and user experience on the internet, yet many institutions of higher education have lagged behind in making their sites fully accessible.
Aneuploidy in yeast: Segregation error or adaptation mechanism?
Authors: Gilchrist Ciaran , Stelkens Rike
Published: June 2019

Aneuploidy is the loss or gain of chromosomes within a genome. It is often detrimental and has been associated with cell death and genetic disorders. However, aneuploidy can also be beneficial and provide a quick solution through changes in gene dosage when cells face environmental stress. Here, we review the prevalence of aneuploidy inSaccharomyces,Candida, andCryptococcusyeasts (and their hybrid offspring) and analyse associations with chromosome size and specific stressors. We discuss how aneuploidy, a segregation error, may in fact provide a natural route for the diversification of microbes and enable important evolutionary innovations given the right ecological circumstances, such as the colonisation of new environments or the transition from commensal to pathogenic lifestyle. We also draw attention to a largely unstudied cross link between hybridisation and aneuploidy. Hybrid meiosis, involving two divergent genomes, can lead to drastically increased rates of aneuploidy in the offspring due to antirecombination and chromosomal missegregation. Because hybridisation and aneuploidy have both been shown to increase with environmental stress, we believe it important and timely to start exploring the evolutionary significance of their co‐occurrence.
Semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering in Wandzura-Wilczek-type approximation
Authors: Bastami S. , Avakian H. , Efremov A. V. , Kotzinian A. , Musch B. U. , Parsamyan B. , Prokudin A. , Schlegel M. , Schnell G. , Schweitzer P. , Tezgin K.
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We present the complete cross-section for the production of unpolarized hadrons in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering up to power-suppressed

$$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{Q}^2\right) $$

O

1
/

Q
2

terms in the Wandzura-Wilczek-type approximation, which consists in systematically assuming that

$$ \overline{q}gq $$

q
¯

g
q

-terms are much smaller than

$$ \overline{q}q $$

q
¯

q

-correlators. We compute all twist-2 and twist-3 structure functions and the corresponding asymmetries, and discuss the applicability of the Wandzura-Wilczek-type approximations on the basis of available data. We make predictions that can be tested by data from COMPASS, HERMES, Jefferson Lab, and the future Electron-Ion Collider. The results of this paper can be readily used for phenomenology and for event generators, and will help to improve the description of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic processes in terms of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions beyond the leading twist.
Erratum to: Local analytic sector subtraction at NNLO
Authors: Magnea L. , Maina E. , Pelliccioli G. , Signorile-Signorile C. , Torrielli P. , Uccirati S.
Published: June 2019

Eq. (3.55) should be replaced
Erratum to: Difference between two species of emu hides a test for lepton flavour violation
Authors: Lester Christopher G. , Brunt Benjamin H.
Published: June 2019

In the original published version of this paper, the cross sections which were reported for the supersymmetric straw-models used in this paper were too large.
Analytic next-to-leading order calculation of energy-energy correlation in gluon-initiated Higgs decays
Authors: Luo Ming-xing , Shtabovenko Vladyslav , Yang Tong-Zhi , Zhu Hua Xing
Published: June 2019

Abstract

The energy-energy correlation (EEC) function in e
+
e
− annihilation is currently the only QCD event shape observable for which we know the full analytic result at the next-to-leading order (NLO). In this work we calculate the EEC observable for gluon initiated Higgs decay analytically at NLO in the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT) framework and provide the full results expressed in terms of classical polylogarithms, including the asymptotic behavior in the collinear and back-to-back limits. This observable can be, in principle, measured at the future e
+
e
− colliders such as CEPC, ILC, FCC-ee or CLIC. It provides an interesting opportunity to simultaneously probe our understanding of the strong and Higgs sectors and can be used for the determinations of the strong coupling.