bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productivity of Aerobic Rice under Different Lateral Arrangement and Nutrient Management
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Dwivedi Sanjay K. , Singh Sarjeet , . Gharsiram , Kumar Pradeep
Published: January 2022

An experiment to assess the “Productivity and economic feasibility of lateral arrangement and nutrient management in aerobic rice” was conducted at the Instructional-cum-Research Farm, I.G.K.V, Raipur, (C.G.) during kharif season of 2018. The soil of experimental field was clayey (Vertisols) in texture. The trial was laid out in strip plot design viz., horizontal strips consist of 3 lateral arrangements and vertical strips consist of 4 nutrient management with 12 treatment combinations. The treatments consisted of 3 lateral arrangements viz., M1- lateral at 25 cm (1 LPH/0.3 metre spacing), M2- lateral at 50 cm (2 LPH/0.3 metre spacing) and M3- conventional practice and 4 nutrient management of N1- 50 % RDF, N2 - 100 % RDF, N3 - 150 % RDF and N4 - STCR- based fertilizer recommendation. Aerobic rice variety Indira aerobic -1 was used for trial. The sowing was done on 20th June, 2018 at 20 cm of spacing and harvesting of crop was done on 7th October, 2018.

The results of trial revealed that the growth parameters like plant height (cm), number of leaves hill-1, dry matter accumulation hill-1 (g), number of tillers (m-2) and grain yield (t ha-1) were significantly higher under lateral arrangement at 25 cm (M1). However, lowest value of all these parameters were obtained in conventional practice (M3). Similarly, all these characters were also higher among nutrient management with application of STCR based fertilizer (N4). Remarkably, lowest values were obtained with application of 50 % RDF (N1).
Methods for Deriving Linearly Independent Solutions of the Differential Equation with Repeated Roots
Authors: Bai Jikang
Published: January 2022

When the eigenvalue \(\lambda\) of a higher order homogeneous linear differential equation with constant coecients is the repeated root of multiplicity \(k\), the differential equation has exactly \(k\) linearly independent solutions. Different textbooks often use different ways to deal with this part of the content. "Advanced Mathematics" by Tongji University and "Ordinary Differential Equations" by Sun Yat-sen University are two commonly used textbooks for science and engineering majors and mathematics majors of universities in China. The former directly gives the conclusion, while the reasoning skills of the latter are not easily understood and mastered by many students, which leading to the degeneration of the mastery of this part into "knowing the conclusion" and "being able to use the conclusion". This is contrary to the principle that knowledge is only a carrier and teaching must focuses on ability cultivation. We discuss two new methods based on operator decomposition and the solving method for first order linear differential equation. This method is easier to understand and grasp, and can be processed in the same way for real and complex eigenvalues.
On the Convergence and Stability of Finite Difference Method for Parabolic Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Omowo B. J. , Longe I. O. , Abhulimen C. E. , Oduwole H. K.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we verify the convergence and stability of implicit (modified) finite difference scheme. Knowing fully that consistency and stability are very important criteria for convergence, we have prove the stability of the modied implicit scheme using the von Newmann method and also verify the convergence by comparing the numerical solution with the exact solution. The results shows that the schemes converges even as the step size is rened.
Comparative Evaluation of the Rheological and Proppant Handling Capability of Detarium microcarpum as a Viscosifier in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Design
Authors: Eromosele Adali Francis , Adewale Dosunmu , Joel Ogbonna
Published: January 2022

The most frequent viscosifier used in hydraulic fracturing fluid design is guar and its derivatives. However, Guar leaves residues in solution, it is unstable at higher temperatures, and is not immune to market dynamics of demand and supply. This research aims to source for an alternate hydrocolloid for hydraulic fracturing fluid development. Detarium microcarpum (local), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(imported) and polyanionic cellulose-regular PAC-R (Imported) were sourced, isolated, and used in carrier fluid design. The rheological properties of the three fluids were investigated at 27°C, 57°C, and 85°C. The rheological models were generated and compared with the imported samples as the control. Also, to analyse the proppant handling capacity of each of the carrier fluids, the geometry of the proppant grains and the rheology of the carrier fluids were used to compute the coefficient of drag, the drag force and the settling velocity of the carrier fluids.
Ocular and Extraocular Symptoms among Medical Undergraduates with Cellphone Addiction, A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khan Kiran , Rehman Ata ur , Pasha Ghazala Nasim , Fayyaz Syeda Laraib , Iqbal Nasima , Nangrejo Ruqaya
Published: January 2022

Aim: To find out the frequency of ocular and extraocular symptoms due to cellphone use among the medical students.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in private and public sector medical and dental colleges of Karachi from January 2019 to September 2019. 

Methodology:  Self-designed, self-explanatory questionnaire was used to collect data. The setting for the collection of the data has been classrooms, common rooms, cafeteria and open sports areas of the medical and dental colleges which has been surveyed by the different team members of the group. The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 21.2 ±1.82 years, among them majority was female i.e. 60.25%. Participants were having different degrees of blurred vision, eyestrain, dry eyes, eye redness and irritation, difficulty in refocusing the eyes and double vision with frequency of 17.25%, 24.25%, 9.5%, 10.75%, 9% and 5% respectively. Respondents during the survey stated that they were having different physical problems apart from disturbance in eyesight. About 39.75% respondents complained of varying degree of headache and or migraine. 36% were having pain in neck, shoulder or back while 25.25% were having variable degree of fatigue. About 21.5% complained pain in fingers and wrist, 9.5% complained of hand stiffness and their inability to grip or hold any other thing properly.

Conclusion: It has been concluded that cellphone usage has serious ocular and extraocular hazards so there is a need to limit its usage as it is affecting the physical and mental health of the students.
Rehabilitation of a 55-year-old Man’s Inter Trochanteric Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Uttamchandani Shivani , Chitlange Neha , Deshmukh Mithushi
Published: January 2022

Background: The most common fractures seen in senior osteoporotic patients are intertrochanteric (IT) fractures, which are usually caused by a simple fall in the house. The number of old patients is expected to double by 2040 due to an increase in the number of elderly patients with osteoporosis. Understanding key aspects of IT fracture, therapy such as stability, reduction, and the involvement of posterior medial and lateral walls, will aid in implant selection for a better outcome.This fracture interferes with the normal functioning of the body in day-to-day life. Therefore, physiotherapy rehabilitation after surgery is essential to get back to normal functioning.

Case Presentation: A 55- year-old male patient who came with complaints of pain and swelling in right hip, unable to walk. Patient was under the influence of alcohol when he fell from the bed. He experienced sudden and severe pain in right hip and was unable to stand. His relatives brought him to Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra for further management. Dynamic Hip Screw was applied for the fixation of Intertrochanteric Fracture. Further on rehabilitation was started, which aimed to restore mobility, regain full range of motion and develop muscle strength.

Conclusion: The Intertrochanteric fracture of femur is a form of fracture with a high occurrence. The above case presentation concludes that a traditional surgical procedure combined with timely planned physiotherapy rehabilitation contributed to progressive improvement in functional goals, which is an important factor in achieving a good recovery in such post-operative cases.
Medicinal Plants Exhibiting Antifertility Activity: A Review
Authors: Goswami Priyanka , Basak Mrinmoy
Published: January 2022

This review reveals that some plants and their part used having anti-fertility action, which are helpful for researcher to develop new herbal anti-fertility formulations. In the recent years, interest in drugs of plant origin has been progressively increased. The aim of this review is to highlight the work on anti-fertility of plant origin. We undertook an extensive bibliographic review by analysing peer reviewed papers, and further consulting well accepted worldwide scientific databases. Peer reviewed articles were gathered consulting the databases NISCAIR, SCOPUS, PUBMED and Google scholar using terms such as “antifertility”, “anti-implantation”, and “antispermatogenic” activity of plants. Plants, including their parts and extracts, that have traditionally been used to facilitate antifertility have been considered as antifertility agents. In this paper, various medicinal plants have been reviewed for thorough studies such as Aegle marmelos, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Jatropha gossypifolia, Leonotis ocymifolia. For women who can't use modern forms of contraception due to adverse effect or other reasons, therefore herbs can offer alternatives and reducing fertility would be better than other contraceptives. This review creates a solid foundation upon which to further study the efficacy of plants that are both currently used by women as traditional antifertility medicines, but also could be efficacious as an antifertility agent with additional research and study.
Efficacy of New Vibration Device in Reduction of Injection Pain among Children-A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Maurya Archana , Vagha Jayant , Sebastian Tessy
Published: January 2022

Needle-related procedures considered as the very crucial sources of pain in children. Pain management during invasive procedure is a challenge to direct health care providers. Unnecessary pain can spoil the nurse-patient relationship. Injections usually reason for some level of pain at the injection site. To develop and validation of the new vibration device for reduction of injection pain and compare the injection pain score among children between experimental and the control group. We will base this study on Analytical intervention approach. A hospital-based Randomized Controlled Trial will consider the effect of a new vibration device in intervention and routine care in the control group for reduction of injection pain. The sample will be children of the age Group 4 years to 12 years. Researcher will take before data collection selection of children as per inclusion criteria, detail explanation about nature and purpose of the study the written consent from the child’s parent. The computerized randomized sampling technique will use for the group formation. The setting of the study will be Hospital Wardha. There will be an efficacy of interventions on children's outcomes reduce injection pain and stable emotional behaviour and stable physiological parameter. Researcher will draw conclusion after the analysis of data collected from the predetermined sample size. Researcher will publish the findings of the study in an open access peer-reviewed Journal.
A Study on Assess the Perceived Image of Nursing and Factors Influencing Them among the Nursing Students
Authors: Gavankar Anuj , Gavankar Aniket , Ghumde Aniket , Ghume Krushna , Singh Seema
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In a developing country like India, nursing education is difficult to come by. As a result, this research examines nursing experts' beliefs besides expectations, in addition to desired future activities. It is vital to build and sustain a constructive picture of nursing, especially in today's culture, where nurses' achievements are rarely in light of credit, they have earned.

Aim: To assess the perceived image of nursing and factors influencing them among the nursing students.

Methodology: This study was based on a Descriptive evaluative research approach. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. The populace were undergraduate students from selected college, consisted of 400 samples. Structured questionnaires were used based on a 5-points Likert scale.

Results: The study shows that 1% of nursing students were strongly disagree, 4.75% were disagree, 7.75% were not sure, 68.75% were agreed and 17.75% were strongly agreed with level of perceived image of nursing whereas level of factors that influenced the perceived image of nursing were poor i.e.,62% had poor, 24.5% had average, 11.25% had good and 2.25% of nursing students had very good level.

Conclusion: The study shows corelation between the perceived image of nursing and factors influencing them among nursing students. Later on, more investigations are expected to investigate students view of the nursing occupation.
Perception of Osteoporosis among General Population in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Mula Abdullah , Khan Abdul Sattar
Published: January 2022

Background: Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that if not detected and treated early, it can lead to serious complications. It is a silent disease because the patient is usually asymptomatic; therefore, perception of this disease is very important.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate osteoporosis perception among general population in eastern province, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire. A modified questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire assessed the understanding of symptoms, risk factors, preventive factors, and treatment availability of osteoporosis. The study included all people in eastern province, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was 391. It was conducted from September 2018 to May 2021.

Results: 61.6% of 391 participants questioned did not have a good perception of osteoporosis. There was a variability in the correct response rate, which indicates the presence of gaps in some aspects of osteoporosis perception more than the others do. The cut-off score was 50%.

Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, people in eastern province, Saudi Arabia have poor perception of osteoporosis. Therefore, efforts should be made to establish educational campaigns and use the new technologies in order to raise osteoporosis perception.
Case Report on Cellulitis
Authors: Ughade Minal , Sakharwade Prerana , Kumari Darshana , Taksande Archana , Sakharkar Sheetal , Tembhare Vaishali , Ankar Ruchira , Sawarkar Achita
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cellulitis is a bacterial infection that causes an inflammatory condition of the skin that affects the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. 2016 (Lee and Levell). Cellulitis of the lower limbs is a potentially dangerous condition (Halpern et al, 2008). Rubor or erythema, which is warm to the touch and often combined with a degree of localised oedema, is the most common symptom. However, because diagnosis is dependent exclusively on clinical data, it is commonly misdiagnosed [1]. There are a number of different illnesses that have symptoms that are similar to cellulitis. The purpose of this page is to provide information on the clinical symptoms of lower limb cellulitis as well as treatment options ensuring that practitioners are capable of making an accurate diagnosis and developing successful treatment programmes [2].

Clinical Findings: Fever, pain over right lower leg, wound present right dorsal foot, weariness, malaise, and swelling were the patient’s main complaints.

Diagnostic Evaluation: Haemoglobin 14.7%,total RBC count 4.77, total WBC count 16100, platelet count 1.56, KFT – UREA -57 CREATININE -2.0 potassium- 4.6, LFT ALKALINE PHOSPHATE -105, ALBUMIN3- 0 TOTAL BILIRUBIN- 1.4 micro report is normal. His liver function and coagulation studies were normal. A diagnostic work-up that includes blood cultures, dengue, malaria smear, typhoid, and other tests. The following tests were sent: leptospirosis, monospot and stool investigations, and Clostridium difficile PCR [3].

Therapeutic Intervention: Four primary analgesic drugs, antibiotics drug in penicillin.

Conclusion: My patient, a 65-year-old man, was hospitalised to the  Hospital's medicine ward on June12, 2021.Fever, pain over right lower leg, wound present right dorsal foot, fatigue, malaise, and edema were among the symptoms that the patient had. His health improved when he received appropriate treatment. The patient was follow up after 1 weak [4].
Ex vivo Antimicrobial Evaluation of Different Drugs Using RT-PCR Test
Authors: Hitesh Gupta , Manpreet Arora , Abhiney Puri , Mamta Singla
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Various medicaments are used in conjugation with mechanical cleaning and shaping to render root canals free of microbes. The different medicaments used tend to react among themselves sometimes resulting in deleterious products. For this reason use of alternative medicine, therapy is advocated.

Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial extent of different homeopathic drugs in comparison to the Ayurvedic and Allopathic medicines.

Materials and Methods: A biofilm model of 8 mm dentine discs was prepared from single-rooted teeth, which were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. 100 samples were divided into six groups Group I: Saline (negative Control), Group II: 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Group III: Propolis, Group IV: RHUS Glabra, Group V: Zincum Oxydatum. The infected biofilm was then treated with the medicaments for seven days followed by testing to obtain threshold cycle (Ct) values using the Real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. DNA isolation was carried out and amplification was done using 16S rRNA gene sequence-based nested species-specific primers. DNA denaturation was done using DNA Thermocycler and a threshold cycle was obtained using Real-time Polymerize chain reaction technique. 

Results: The threshold cycle (Ct) values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis that revealed a significant difference between the groups and among all 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate, being the highest (30.3460±0.02505) followed by Propolis (30.1365±0.02621) then RHUS Glabra (30.0865±0.02581) better than Zincum Oxydatum (29.8070±0.02319) and least being Saline (29.6380±0.02505).

Conclusion: All the homeopathic medicines showed antimicrobial properties comparable to the allopathic and ayurvedic drugs. Among RHUS Glabra and Zincum Oxydatum, RHUS Glabra performed significantly better.
The use of Ophthalmic Dorzolamide in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmad Nehad J. , Salkini Mohamad Ayman
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study was to explore the use of ophthalmic dorzolamide in Al-Kharj.

Methodology: This is a retrospective study that includes reviewing the electronic prescriptions of ophthalmic dorzolamide among outpatients in a public hospital in Alkharj.

Results: Only 24 patients received ophthalmic dorzolamide during the study. The age of more than 54% of the patients was more than 59 years and more than 54% of them were males. More than 54% of the patients received ophthalmic dorzolamide for 2 months and 37.50% of them received ophthalmic dorzolamide for 3 months. All of the prescriptions were prescribed by ophthalmology department and more than 95% of the prescriptions were written by residents.

Conclusion: The present study showed that ophthalmic dorzolamide was uncommonly prescribed in Al-Kharj. Further studies are needed to explore the frequency of using dorzolamide in other settings and to explore the frequency of using other eye drops that are used to decrease intraocular pressure.
Comparative Investigation of Spot Kit Versus RTPCR in COVID Active Patients
Authors: Sehrawat Lavanya , Hiwale Kishor M.
Published: January 2022

On 31 December 2019, numerous pneumonitis occurrences of pneumonitis of uncertain origin, in Wuhan city, People’s Republic of China. The previously unknown origin was identified and designated the 2019 new Coronavirus in January 2020. WHO eventually dubbed it Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The infection has been identified as Coronavirus-2, which causes severe acute respiratory illness (SARS-CoV-2). It was crucial to control the rapid evolving SARS-CoV-2-associated Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In order to do so, highly sensitive and specific lab diagnostic assessments like RTPCR and Genome sequencing helped in identifying the cases at an early stage which further helped increasing the rate of survival. With time multiple tests were formulated which aided us but a need for the best and more accurate one was still needed. Some of these tests were quick but had a lower level efficacy while the old tests were accurate but are really slow. In this review article, we have formulated a comparative investigation of spot kit versus RTPCR in COVID active Patients from case reports, original investigation articles published by PubMed and Google scholar. With the help of these articles we have come a the best possible conclusion. The conclusion came out as COVID-19 patients found positive by RTPCR but negative by spot kit are uncommon to be infectious.
Determining the Role of Minerals and Trace Elements in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Wankhede Shivam , Jankar Jayshri
Published: January 2022

Minerals and trace elements are micronutrients that are required for human health but are only available in trace amounts. Regardless, their organic chemistry roles are well established. Micronutrient deficiencies have been connected to a number of human health issues. This critique focuses on a handful of these mineral and chemical element shortages, as well as their effects on polygenic illness and internal secretion resistance. The degree of trace components varies substantially across entirely different populations depending on the food composition. Trace elements play a major role in many boy processes. Trace elements and minerals are required for a scope of natural synthetic responses, just as working as chemical and protein stabilizers and cofactors. Certain elements control fundamental organic cycles by restricting to the receptor locales of the semipermeable film or changing the state of the receptor to keep specific particles from entering the cell. Micronutrients have a dual role: they keep cell structures stable at ideal levels, however their inadequacy prompts different courses, which can prompt illness. These imperative micronutrients assume a significant part in human wellbeing and have an immediate relationship with Diabetes Mellitus. Here we have reviewed the role of  copper [Cu], selenium [Se], and Zinc [Zn].
Case Report on Tricuspid Atresia
Authors: Jawanjal Himanshu , Pohekar Savita
Published: January 2022

The absence of the tricuspid valve is one of the more unusual types of congenital heart illness. Before the introduction of heart surgery, it was only of scholarly interest, However, now that such conditions may be alleviated medically, the problem has taken on more significance, and every effort must be made to identify the anatomical weakness in cases of congenital cardiac disease.[1]

Clinical Findings:  Cyanosis, feeding difficulties, cyanosis, shortness of breath and fast breathing, sluggish development, and a heart murmur are the most common symptoms.

Therapeutic Intervention: Tab .Lasix 40mg OD, dioxin drop0.5ml, Furoped drop 0.5 ml ,Syp A-2.5ML

Outcomes:  After treatment, the patient shows improvement. His breathing difficulty and heart rate arebeing improved.

Conclusion: My child was admitted to the AVBRH's pediatric ICU with cyanosis of blurred vision and breathing difficulties. His condition has improved upon obtaining adequate therapy.
Overview on Small Intestinal Diverticulosis
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Salah , Saeed M. Alqahtani, Yazeed , Muidh J. Al Mutibah, Salma , Farag N. Alomrani, Nawaf , Mohammed O. Alshammari, Nasser , Obaid Ba Nafea, Bushra Abdulrahman , Ali H. Alaenzi, Yousef , Mansour M. Halawani, Omar , Hussain A. Alzahib, Ibrahim , Abdulrahman D. Almalki, Musab , Saad F. Albalawi, Faisal , Mushabab T. Alqahtani, Turki , Ali S. Alshehri, Mohammed , Owaidh R. Al Sharif, Abdullah , Matbouli Hadeel Majed A.
Published: January 2022

Diverticulosis is a digestive system condition in which numerous sac-like protrusions form (diverticula). Diverticula in the small intestine are significantly less prevalent than diverticula in the colon. The aetiology of this illness is unknown. Peristalsis anomalies, intestinal dyskinesis, and high segmental intraluminal pressures are thought to cause it to develop. Small intestinal diverticula (SID) are incident is very low and rare, also they are usually asymptomatic.  A nonspecific inflammatory condition might be the reason for the person's visit to the emergency room. In order to restrict the differential diagnosis and reveal a localized inflammatory lesion, ultrasound and computed tomography are frequently used. The objective of therapy is to reduce intestinal spasms, and the best way to do so is to consume a fiber-rich diet (vegetables, fruits, and cereals). Surgical treatment for diverticulosis is not required. Giant diverticula, on the other hand, need surgery since they are more prone to get infected and perforated. This review aims to overview the disease etiology, epidemiology, evaluation, and management.
Unconventional assemblies of bisacylhydrazones: The role of water for circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Cho Hye Jin , Jeong Dong Yeun , Moon Hwihyun , Kim Taewoo , Chung You Kyoung , Lee Yeongdong , Lee Zonghoon , Huh Joonsuk , You Youngmin , Song Changsik
Published: January 2022

Understanding the precise molecular arrangement of chiral supramolecular polymers is essential not only to comprehend complex superstructures like proteins and DNA but also for the development of next‐generation optoelectronic materials, including materials displaying high‐performance circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Herein, we report the first chiral supramolecular polymer systems based on hydrazone–pyridinium conjugates comprising alkyl chains of different lengths, which afforded control of the apparent supramolecular chirality. Although supramolecular chirality is governed basically by the remote chiral centers of alkyl chains, helicity inversion was achieved by controlling the conditions under which the hydrazone building blocks underwent aggregation (i.e., solvent compositions or temperature). More importantly, the addition of water to the system led to aggregation‐induced hydrazone deprotonation, which resulted in a completely different self‐assembly behavior. Structural water molecules played an essential role, forming the assembly's channel‐like backbone, around which hydrazone molecules gathered as a result of hydrogen bonding interactions. Further co‐assembly of an achiral hydrazone luminophore with the given supramolecular polymer system allowed the fabrication of a novel CPL‐active hydrazone‐based material exhibiting a high maximum value for the photoluminescence dissymmetry factor of −2.6 × 10−2.
Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Indoles and Anilines with Aryltrialkoxysilanes
Authors: Xie Qi , Zhang Xiuqi , Liu Huijin , Zhang Fukuan , Luo Xuzhong , Luo Haiqing
Published: January 2022

Herein, we report an efficient copper‐catalyzed aerobic Chan‐Lam type N‐arylation of various indoles and anilines with structurally diverse aryltrialkoxysilanes under mild conditions. This silicon‐based protocol enables the efficient C−N cross‐coupling of indoles and anilines with user‐friendly organosilicon reagents by employing inexpensive and nontoxic Cu(OAc)2, which is efficient and practical without the addition of other ligands, bases, and metal oxidants. This transformation is compatible with a wide range of substrates, and typically proceeds with high efficiency as well as with good functional group compatibility. A plausible mechanism involving the formation of Cu(III) species in the reaction was tentatively proposed.
Effective Point‐of‐Use Filtration for Lead Removal
Authors: Kutzing Sandra , Rego Carol , Schoettle Tom , Adeem Kareem , Stewart Tiffany
Published: January 2022

Key Takeaways

A point‐of‐use (POU) filter program helped the City of Newark, N.J., remove lead from the city's drinking water as a temporary measure while corrosion‐control treatment was applied and lead service lines were removed.

Customer education and participation were crucial in the analysis of the POU filter program for lead removal at the tap.

Use of faucet filters or pitcher filters (with appropriate maintenance), along with regular flushing, yielded superior lead reduction in Newark.
Is psychological distress associated with carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms and nerve conduction study findings? A case–control study from Syria
Authors: Alsharif Aya , Al Habbal Aya , Daaboul Yaman , Al Hawat Lama , Al Habbal Osama , Kakaje Ameer
Published: January 2022

Background

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist which causes severe symptoms. However, psychological aspects can affect patients' perception of this pain and can cause similar pain in some instances. This study aims to determine the association between symptoms severity, functional status, and nerve conduction studies (NCS) of adult patients with CTS and their anger, anxiety, and depression status.

Methods

This case–control study was conducted in clinics in Damascus, Syria. Controls were frequency matched by gender and age from a general clinic. Interviews based on questionnaires were used that included the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ‐A), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale‐5 (DAR‐5), and NCS.

Results

Overall, 242 patients (121 cases) were included in this study. Cases with CTS had significantly higher anxiety and depression when compared to controls, but not higher anger. Cases with higher anxiety, depression, and anger had significantly more CTS symptoms and less functional status. Anxiety was also higher in cases with normal NCS in the case group. When using regression, anxiety and depression remained significantly associated with having CTS.

Conclusion

Anxiety and depression are more prominent with CTS. Furthermore, having anxiety and depression were associated with more CTS symptoms in the hand. Having anger was also associated with more CTS symptoms among cases. These findings emphasize the importance of psychological aspects when having hand pain or CTS symptoms as these patients might have these symptoms despite having normal NCS.
Development of a Thioredoxin‐Based Cofactor Regeneration System for NADPH‐Dependent Oxidoreductases
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Müller Beatrice , Kirkeby Tanja Ørtoft , Kara Selin , Loderer Christoph
Published: January 2022

Nicotinamide cofactor‐dependent oxidoreductases have become a valuable tool for the synthesis of high value chiral compounds. The feasibility of biocatalytic processes involving these enzymes stands and falls with the efficiency of the regeneration of cofactors. In this study, we describe a novel NADPH regeneration method based on the natural thioredoxin electron delivery system. Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and thioredoxin reductase (TR) from Thermus thermophilus were characterized for the dithiol‐dependent reduction of NADP+, revealing good catalytic activities and a particularly remarkable thermostability. The TR/Trx1 system was then coupled with two representative NADPH‐dependent oxidoreductases, alcohol dehydrogenase and cyclohexanone monooxygenase. Reaction conditions for both systems were optimized for reaction yield and selectivity. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the TR/Trx1‐system for its application as NADPH regeneration system.
Random Occupation of Multimetal Sites in Transition Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Boosting the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yao Yuechao , Ma Zhongtao , Dou Yibo , Lim Sung Yul , Zou Jizhao , Stamate Eugen , Jensen Jens Oluf , Zhang Wenjing
Published: January 2022

Developing robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts with excellent performance is essential for the conversion of renewable electricity to clean fuel. Herein, we present a facile concept for the synthesis of efficient high‐entropy metal‐organic frameworks (HEMOFs) as electrocatalysts in a one‐step solvothermal synthesis. This strategy allows control of the microstructure and corresponding lattice distortion by tuning the metal ion composition. As a result, the OER activity was improved by optimizing the coordination environment of the metal catalytic center. The optimized Co‐rich HEMOFs exhibited a low overpotential of 310 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, better than a RuO2 catalyst tested under the same conditions. The finding of lattice distortion of the HEMOFs provides a new strategy for developing high‐performance electrocatalysts for energy conversion.
Reviewing clinical considerations and guideline recommendations of C1 inhibitor prophylaxis for hereditary angioedema
Authors: Anderson John , Maina Njeri
Published: January 2022

Background

Hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare disease that is characterized by painful and recurring non‐allergic swelling episodes, is caused by the deficiency or dysfunction of C1 inhibitor (C1INH) protein. A comprehensive HAE management plan may require long‐term prophylaxis (LTP) in addition to on‐demand treatment to help “normalize” patients' lives so that they may fully engage in work, school, family, and leisure activities.

Aim

The main objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of updated guideline recommendations specific to LTP of HAE and discuss clinical considerations and pharmacologic management options, with a focus on C1INH.

Materials and Methods

The authors reviewed relevant HAE literature for current recommendations regarding LTP and the role of C1NH.

Results

Acute HAE attacks are treated with on‐demand medication; however, there is a consensus that LTP should routinely be considered for risk reduction and prevention of future episodes. The 2017 World Allergy Organization/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology guidelines recommend that all patients with HAE be evaluated for LTP routinely and the 2020 HAE Association (HAEA) guidelines emphasize that the decision to use LTP should not be based on rigid criteria, but rather should be based on individual patient needs. Both guidelines recommend C1INH as first‐line/preferred therapy for LTP in a range of patient types including adults, children/adolescents, and pregnant/lactating patients. The HAEA also recommends the kallikrein inhibitor, lanadelumab, as a first‐line option for LTP. HAE pathway‐specific agents for LTP have not been associated with notable safety concerns.

Discussion

Plasma‐derived C1INH has been available for 40+ years in Europe and impacts multiple targets within the HAE pathway. C1INH has been used for on‐demand treatment and LTP. A subcutaneous formulation of plasma‐derived C1INH is approved for LTP and produces functional C1INH activity levels consistently above the threshold needed for protection from HAE attacks. Other pathway‐specific options for LTP include the plasma kallikrein inhibitors, lanadelumab‐flyo and berotralstat, approved for adults and pediatric patients aged ≥12 years. C1INH is approved for adults and pediatric patients aged ≥6 years.

Conclusion

Assessing the need for LTP is vital in the ongoing dialogue between clinicians and patients, as both disease‐related factors and patient preferences may change over time. Among available options for LTP, plasma‐derived C1INH is the broadly recommended first‐line option for LTP in patients with HAE, including pregnant/lactating women and pediatric patients (≥6 years).
MicroRNA‐144‐3p controls the apoptosis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension via the BMPR2/Smad4 signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Chao , Liu Xiaolei , Rahman Jalil Ur , Liu Ge , Jiang Yiyao
Published: January 2022

Background

This study was to determine the molecular mechanism of miR‐144‐3p in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Methods

Luciferase assays detected the binding site of miR‐144‐3p. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measured the expression of downstream genes of Smad4 in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Cell apoptosis was analysed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. In a monocrotaline‐induced rat PAH model, the integrity of PAECs was detected by hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. The protein expression of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2)/Smad4 signaling pathway was analysed by Western blotting.

Results

MiR‐144‐3p targeted Smad4 directly and down‐regulated the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA), Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and c‐myelocytomatosis (MYC) in PAECs. There was a significant change in the apoptosis of PAECs transfected with miR‐144‐3p. After transfection, the phosphorylation of Smad4 decreased only at 24 h. The integrity of PAECs was improved by miR‐144‐3p. There was a down‐regulation in BMPR2, Smad1/5 and p‐Smad1/5 in the PAH group. The fold change in Smad4 and p‐Smad4 expression decreased significantly in the PAH‐miR group. Moreover, we observed decreased α‐SMA, CTGF and c‐MYC expression and an up‐regulation of vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin.

Conclusions

MiR‐144‐3p modulates apoptosis and phenotype switching of PAECs via phosphorylation of the BMPR2/Smad4 signaling pathway.
Network layer communication protocol design for underwater agriculture farming
Authors: Manikandan T. T. , Sukumaran Rajeev , Radhakrishnan M. , Christhuraj M. R. , Saravanan M.
Published: January 2022

In recent times, underwater agriculture farming is seen as a viable alternative to land‐based farming by agricultural scientists due to increasing limitations in land‐based farming areas around the world. But farming underwater is not as easy as it is said. Continuous monitoring of different parameters of the water inside the biosphere where the herbs, crops, and plants are cultivated is one of the highest priorities for the effective outcome in underwater farming. To achieve such precise monitoring, sensor‐based data collection from the underwater biosphere is the only way. Employing human divers for monitoring of water parameters has many limitations such as diving time, accidents due to harsh underwater environment. Alternatively, adopting sensor‐based monitoring provides spatial and temporal flexibility. But one of the significant challenges of such an underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is ensuring reliable communication between the underwater sensors and surface station. To ensure reliable delivery of sensed information network layer operation is vital. The underwater environment has unique challenges such as high interference, harsh environment, limited lifetime, and short network lifetime the network layer protocols of terrestrial networks can't be adopted into the underwater environment. So this research focuses on the development of a mathematical model for network layer communication using stochastic network calculus (SNC) taking into consideration the requirements of underwater agriculture farming application. In this research, the delay and backlog bounds of the proposed model are derived. The proposed mathematical model is also evaluated for its correctness using the discrete event simulation.
A mindset favoring decentralization encourages individualized service
Authors: Enos Gary A.
Published: January 2022

Frank Blalark, Ph.D., encountered a much more decentralized operation when he made the transition to Registrar at Duke University from holding the same post at Purdue University. While variations among the colleges at Duke can present challenges in scheduling and other operational areas, Blalark sees the structure as ideal for tailoring the student experience to individual circumstances.
Anatomical and histological assessment of left bundle branch area pacing in human heart with refractory heart failure
Authors: Zhang Jiefang , Pan Yiwen , Sun Yaxun , Fu Guosheng
Published: January 2022

As an emerging pacing technique, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has served as a physiological pacing modality that overcomes the limitations of His bundle pacing (HBP) or right ventricular pacing. Three patients with terminal heart failure who were waiting for heart transplantation and met the indications of pacemaker implantations received LBBAP. Symptoms were relieved and stabilized and eventually received heart transplantation. Diseased hearts from the recipients were dissected post‐transplantation, and the direct visual of pacing lead locations in the interventricular septum were evaluated, and the histopathological examination around the lead was conducted for the first time in human. As a result, we found that the locations of LBBAP leads were matched with fluoroscopic views during the procedure and Masson's staining showed extensive fibrosis occur around the lead but did not result in high thresholds.
Assessment of congestion and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure using shear wave elasticity
Authors: Nakayama Rie , Takaya Yoichi , Nakamura Kazufumi , Takemoto Rika , Toh Norihisa , Ito Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Aims

The relief of congestion is essential for the prevention of worsening heart failure (HF) resulting in hospitalizations. Assessment of the degree of organ congestion in the chronic phase of HF is important for determining therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of shear wave (SW) elasticity for assessing congestion and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic HF.

Methods and results

We prospectively enrolled 345 consecutive patients with chronic HF who underwent SW elastography at outpatient clinic. Patients were divided into two groups according to the median value of SW elasticity: low group (SW elasticity <6.4 kPa, n = 176) and high group (SW elasticity ≥6.4 kPa, n = 169). The endpoint was cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF. During the median follow‐up period of 19 months (range: 7–36 months), cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF occurred in 4 patients of low group and 27 patients of high group. In high group, 8 patients died, and 19 patients were hospitalized for HF. In low group, 3 patients died, and 1 patient was hospitalized. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the event‐free survival rate was worse in high group than in low group (log‐rank test, P = 0.004). After adjusting for variables, high SW elasticity was independently related to cardiac events. In multivariate regression analysis, SW elasticity was correlated with left atrial volume index, early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to mitral annular velocity ratio, and inferior vena cava diameter.

Conclusions

The SW elasticity reflected haemodynamic congestion in patients with chronic HF, which was related to cardiac events.
Free‐Radical Epimerization of d‐ into l‐C‐(Glycosyl)methanol Compounds Using 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reaction
Authors: Montes Adrián S. , León Elisa I. , Martín Ángeles , Pérez‐Martín Inés , Suárez Ernesto
Published: January 2022

A simple epimerization of C‐(α‐d‐Glyp)methanol into C‐(β‐l‐Glyp)methanol compounds is described. The radical sequence involved homolytic cleavage of the C5−H bond by 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer promoted by the 1’‐O‐yl radical and subsequent hydride addition with inversion of configuration. This methodology allows the preparation of rare C‐(β‐l‐Idop)‐, C‐(β‐l‐Altp)‐, C‐(β‐l‐Gulp)‐, C‐(β‐l‐Allp)methanol glycosides starting from carbohydrates of the d‐series. It can also be applied to transform l‐ into d‐configured C‐glycosyl compounds, as illustrated by the formation of C‐(β‐d‐6dGulp)‐ and C‐(β‐d‐6dAltp)methanol from readily accessible l‐rhamno and l‐fuco analogs, respectively. In further development of this procedure compounds with C‐(β‐l‐Araf)‐ and C‐(β‐l‐5dRibf)methanol structures have also been synthesized. The alkoxyl radicals were generated by reaction of the corresponding N‐alkoxyphthalimides with nBu3SnH(D) and in comparative terms, by visible light‐photocatalysis using the Hantzsch ester/fac‐Ir(ppy)3 procedure. The influence of the sugar ring conformation and the electronegativity of the substituents on the stereochemical outcome will be addressed.
Three‐phase transformerless photovoltaic inverter without common mode leakage current
Authors: Yao Zhilei , He Xiangyu , Gan Jiwei , Mao Saijun
Published: January 2022

Since three‐phase transformerless (TPT) PV inverters have large common mode leakage current (CMLC), a TPT PV inverter without CMLC is proposed. The proposed inverter is derived from three single‐phase half‐bridge inverters and a boost converter. Grounds of the PV array and three‐phase loads are connected directly, so no CMLC exists in the TPT solar inverter. Operating principle, stability analysis, and loss calculation and example of the proposed three‐phase inverter are illustrated in detail. The pulse‐width modulation (PWM) and sinusoidal PWM control methods are used in the boost converter and three‐phase inverter, respectively. The proposed inverter is a stable system. Finally, simulation and experimental results of a 900‐W TPT PV inverter confirm the theoretical analysis. The CMLC in the proposed inverter is only about 0.8 mA, which is mainly caused by the ground line inductance and oscilloscope probe noise.
Harry Harlow's pit of despair: Depression in monkeys and men
Authors: van Rosmalen Lenny , Luijk Maartje P. C. M. , van der Horst Frank C. P.
Published: January 2022

Major depressive disorder is the most common mood disorder in the United States today and the need for adequate treatment has been universally desired for over a century. Harry Harlow, famous for his research with rhesus monkeys, was heavily criticized when he undertook his controversial experiments trying to find a solution for depression in the 1960s–1970s. His research, however, did not just evolve gradually from his earlier research into learning and into love. Recently disclosed hand‐written notes show, for the first time, the severity of Harlow's depressions as he wrote in detail about his feelings and thoughts during his stay in a mental hospital in 1968. In these notes, Harlow repeatedly vowed to put every effort into finding a cure for depression. This may, for a large part, explain why he did not stop his rigorous animal experiments where critics argue he should have, and he eventually managed to book positive results.
Hemagglutinin-based DNA vaccines containing trimeric self-assembling nanoparticles confer protection against influenza
Authors: Qiao Yongbo , Jin Shenghui , Nie Jiaojiao , Chang Yaotian , Wang Bo , Guan Shanshan , Li Qinghan , Shi Yuhua , Kong Wei , Shan Yaming
Published: January 2022

Influenza viruses continue to threaten public health, and currently available vaccines provide insufficient immunity against seasonal and pandemic influenza. The use of recombinant trimeric hemagglutinin (HA) as an Ag provides an attractive alternative to current influenza vaccines. Aiming to develop an effective vaccine with rapid production, robust immunogenicity, and high protective efficiency, a DNA vaccine was designed by fusing influenza virus HA with self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles, denoted as HA-F. This candidate vaccine was prepared and purified in a 293–6E cell eukaryotic expression system. After BALB/c mice were immunized with 100 μg of HA-F DNA 3 times, HA-F elicited significant HA-specific humoral immunity and T cell immune responses. The HA-F DNA vaccine also conferred protection in mice against a lethal infection of homologous A/17/California/2009/38 (H1N1) virus. These results suggest that the HA-F DNA vaccine is a competitive vaccine candidate and presents a promising vaccination approach against influenza viruses.