bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing Communication and Sport Tourism Application of Empathy Mapping to Spectator Football Tourism
Authors: Remondes Jorge , Pinto Borges Ana
Published: July 2018

The theoretical framework on which this presentation is based is the Empathy Map, a tool of the Business Model Generation (Osterwalder and Pigneur, 2010). This model provides a means to structure consumer profiles coherently or to develop hypotheses about their profiles. The aim of this study is to characterize Portuguese football spectator tourists using the Empathy Map as a contribution to the development of effective marketing communication strategies by the football clubs. We made use of a national survey to assess the behaviour of football spectators as sports tourists and the Empathy Map was applied to the results. The survey questions were tested through exploratory factor analysis: to evaluate the socio-economic tourists’ characteristics we applied an ANOVA test. A review of current literature on consumer behaviour, marketing communications and sports tourism is also presented. The article produces a visual map in order to demonstrate how the technique can be used to support decision making in sports tourism and marketing communication. Our results reveal that the football spectators vibrate with victories, hear friends and family, and are influenced by digital media: they carefully observe the teams in the game, the friends, and the animation of the event. They also celebrate the goals, they participate actively in the event and support their team. On the other hand, the football spectators as sports tourists are concerned about the safety and about the access to the stadiums. This instrument provides an example of how sports managers can get to know the behaviour of football spectator tourists more deeply, together with the environment and the factors that influence it. This technique can thus be an aid to the development of more effective decisions in the scope of animation in the stadiums, security inside and outside the stadiums, in accesses to the stadiums and communication through the web and social networks appropriate to various targets. The empirical application of the Empathy Map is to characterize football spectators as sports tourists. This framework has been used to understand the consumer profiles of micro, small and medium enterprises, large companies and start-ups. However, it has never been used to characterize the football spectator and its empirical application is unusual.
De Tour OnLine por España Un Plan Estratégico (2012-2015)
Authors: Ayestarán Crespo Raquel , Trapero de la Vega José Ignacio
Published: July 2018

Tourism in Spain is an economic activity that generates revenue beating historical records of visitors. Precisely this study focuses on how Internet users become tourists sailing by spain.info: the official site protected by Brand Spain. This is possible, since 2009, thanks to the current Information Technology and Communication (ICT). Besides the innovation of the use of Social Media it is promoting at international level, the presence of our country in home markets. Through a diversification strategy, founded on excellence, handles online marketing dynamic with content, audiences and additional channels, comprehensive strategy while generating a digital ecosystem that corresponds to the Integral and the National Tourism Plan (2012-2015). The annual learning which is its strategic development has meant, until 2014, to increase the visibility and awareness (Top of Mind) and scope of the Tourism Brand Spain to the point of making unique users in Spain Addicts. All unravel a government framework, administrative, which aims to generate conversations on a creative concept that involves knowing the context: as defined in the classic slogan « I need Spain» for Horizon 2020.
Complaint and Politeness Strategies used by Iranian Speakers of English
Authors: Masjedi Narges , Paramasivam Shamala
Published: July 2018

Complaint is a face threatening act and it happens when a speaker reacts with anger to things which go wrong or to a speech or an action which affected him/her unfavorably. Therefore, complaints can engender social relationship breakdown. However, a complainer can use politeness when he/she aims to maintain a good relationship with complainee or to mitigate the severity of his/her complaint and face threat. This study aims to investigate the complaint speech act with regard to the strategies and structure used as well as the politeness strategies employed by Iranian learners in communication with other nationalities in the academic context of a university. Searle’s (1969) speech act theory and Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory comprised the theoretical framework of the study. The data were elicited through open-ended discourse completion task questionnaire from 50 Iranian learners. The data were analyzed using pragmatics as the approach within discourse analysis. The findings show that Iranians are able to draw on a variety of strategies and structures and adapt them in a flexible manner when faced with various complaint-provoking situations. Culturally, the findings show that Iranians are indirect and exercise negative politeness as they try to minimize the face threatening act of complaining. However, when the situation demands for it, they can be direct in their manner of speech.
English as the Lingua Franca in Visual Touristic Jordan: The Case of Petra
Authors: Salameh Alomoush Omar Ibrahim , Khaleel Al-Na’imat Ghazi
Published: July 2018

This article examines the linguistic landscape (LL henceforth) of a southern Jordanian town, Petra. It also attempts to display how English is used by both commercial shops and companies in the local tourist industry to construct and shape touristic visual Jordan. All linguistic signs were photographed by using a digital camera and coded according to function (e.g., government and commercial signage) and language (e.g., English, Arabic, French, Spanish, etc.). The current article has already taken into account ethnographic developments in LL methodology and directly involved with individuals from the foreign tourist population and local residents (e.g., shopkeepers, restaurant workers and owners, and so on) to identify how the English language has been negotiated and used as the lingua franca of the local and foreign tourist populations and a symbol of linguistic globalization in the LL of touristic Jordan. Although many languages have found a relatively long-lived niche in the LL of Jordanian cities in previous LL studies (Alomoush, 2015), the current study results indicate that the touristic public space is largely dominated and controlled by the English language in the sense that there is much higher vitality of English than other languages, including Arabic in the LL. This is closely associated with the reciprocal relationship between English and globalization, communicative and economic motivations, and the participants’ positive attitudes toward English.
Students’ Needs Analysis on Genre-based Listening Material at University Level
Authors: Trisno Edi , Emzir - , Mayuni Ilza
Published: July 2018

The present paper explores students’ needs analysis on genre-based multimedia listening material for the development of students’ listening skills for English department students at university level. This research was a part of research and development conducted based on both qualitative and quantitative methods. This needs analysis cover necessity, lack, and wants. Information on necessities is taken from the curriculum of English Department of UNP, users, teacher books, and other relevant documents. To obtain the data, the English department students of FBS Universitas Negeri Padang in Indonesia were given the questionnaire in the preliminary study in obtaining students’ needs. The questionnaires were used to obtain the information on students’ necessity, lack, and want. The research findings show that the genre-based material for listening is needed to develop students’ listening skills. For the media, students also need multimedia material which help them in understanding the situation and information.
The Impact of Preschool Education on L1 Vocabulary Development and Sequential Bilingualism: The Case of Arab Schoolchildren
Authors: Masrai Ahmed
Published: July 2018

Considerable research has investigated the effect of preschool education on subsequent school success and proposed a positive link between the two. Less research, however, has directly investigated the influence of preschool education on children’s vocabulary development. This paper reports on a study that examines the impact of preschool education on children’s first language (L1) vocabulary development in early childhood settings and the potential impact this has on the successive acquisition of second language (L2) vocabulary in later school years. To conduct the study, data from 200 Arabic-English successive bilingual children were collected. The data are scores on receptive vocabulary knowledge in L1 and L2 of two groups of fourth grade schoolchildren (with and without preschool education). The results show that: (1) preschool education contributes largely to L1 vocabulary development and L2 vocabulary acquisition; (2) there is a strong link between L1 and L2 receptive vocabulary knowledge; and (3) bilingual mental lexicon size is predicted by preschool education. The present study provides further insights on the relation between preschool education and L1 vocabulary growth and the influence of this on sequential bilingualism. These findings will allow informed decisions on the support for preschool education by parents and educational policymakers.
“From Un-concealment to Nothingness: Nihilism in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Zainabu Jallo’s Onions Make Us Cry”
Authors: Andrew Chigbu Chigbu , Uzoma Umezurike Gideon , Onunkwo Chibuzo
Published: July 2018

Despite the century and three-decade gap between them, Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s Houseand Zainabu Jallo’s Onions Make Us Cry have often been studied for their indebtedness to two movements that have shaped human history and conditioned contemporary thoughts: the former as a play that inaugurates the modernist discuss in literature and pioneered the feminist subject, and the latter expressively reflecting this gender-based discourse. However, the position of this study is that aside the woman question, the texts share some other important elements. They both provoke the question of being and existence: the being of human reality and of truth. In Ibsen and Jallo, we witness Nora’s and Malinda’s experience of existential structures, their perspectival grappling with the perceptual realities of their existence, the psychological alteration that comes with this ontic awareness, and how the perception of ‘what is’ moves one to revolt against ‘what has been’. The plays are seen as capturing nihilism, what Cunningham calls the unmaking of formed things and the making of formless things. This essay is thus an existential explication of the “speak out” phenomenon as the culmination of a long but unsteady process of existential change which, in both plays, climaxes in the embracing of nihilism. Our inquiry is, therefore, grounded on an existential phenomenological approach derived from Nietzschean and Heideggerian philosophies.
Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulation as the Predictors of Use of Oral Communication Strategies in EFL Contexts
Authors: Abbasi Hamideh , Nosratinia Mania
Published: July 2018

The present study aspired to systematically investigate the relationship among EFL learners’ Self-Regulation (SR), Self-Efficacy (SE), and their Use of Oral Communication Strategies (UOCS). To this end, 367 male and female undergraduate students, within the age range of 20 to 30 (Mage = 25) were selected based on convenience sampling strategy. They were asked to fill in three questionnaires, namely the Oral Communication Strategies Inventory (Nakatani, 2006), the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, & McKeachie, 1991), and the SE Questionnaire (Sherer, Maddux, Mercadante, Prentice-Dunn, Jacobs, & Rogers, 1982). Both parametric and non-parametric formulas were conducted to inspect the significance of the relationships. The results revealed that there was a significant and positive correlation between SR and UOCS, SE and UOCS, and SE and SR. Furthermore, a regression analysis revealed that only SR makes a strong statistically significant unique contribution to predicting UOCS (β = 0.682, t = 15.3, p = 0.0005). SE did not turn out to be a significant predictor of UOCS scores. The study concludes with a discussion on the obtained results followed by presenting some implications for EFL teachers, learners, and syllabus designers.
The Effect of Neuro-linguistic Programming Coaching on Learning English
Authors: Eid Alroudhan Hayat
Published: July 2018

NLP is an interpersonal communications model based on the belief that language is strongly inter-connected with neurological processes and behavioral patterns adopted through experience and the power of this connection can be harnessed to acquire the skills in exceptional people. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficiency of NLP for language learning and investigate its potential role in learning the English language. By using primary and secondary sources and implementing the Oxford Placement Test, as the pretest and the post-test on the experimental and control groups, the effect of the NLP coaching treatment sessions on the experimental group of female Saudi EFL learners was investigated for two months. The findings of this study reveal that NLP not only provides the techniques and solutions to the problems, but it also enables teachers to form their own flexible responses to the specific problems. In this study, NLP coaching proved to have a significant effect on EFL learning, however, further research is needed to confirm the findings of this innovative study.
Investigating Unconventional Abbreviations In Sms Texts
Authors: Amponsah Partey Faustina , Gifty Addo-Danquah Rosemary , Korkoi Bonku Lucy , Saro-Adu Kwasi
Published: July 2018

Abbreviations are intended to facilitate expeditious writing and make use of reduced space either on paper, the computer or the phone. Abbreviations have been used for quite a prolonged period and are putative wherever their use is effected. Nevertheless, over a period of time, some unconventional abbreviations seemed to be slithering into the literatures of students of Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana where the study was conducted. This article has been aggravated by my incessant observance of the frequency at which unconventional abbreviations are used by Kumasi Technical University students in their Short Message Service (SMS) texts to others. Consequently, this paper strives to unearth the varieties of unconventional abbreviations used by these students and analyze them linguistically and phonologically. A corpus of 300 SMS texts was then assembled from five departments but 200 were purposively sampled for the analysis; and with Anjaneyulu’s (2003) five methods of generating shortened words in SMS as the basis of the analysis, the results revealed a preponderance of unconventional abbreviations constituting 60%of the data compiled. The most frequently striking category of abbreviations involved maximum use of letters, symbols, or figures to produce the appropriate phonetic sound, adhoc abbreviations and a negligible or barest use of alphanumeric or hybrid method. These arguably connote an appreciation of phonology where the sounds of the words are what the students use to structure their abbreviations.
The Effect of Explicit Instruction of Metacognitive Reading Strategies on ESP Reading Comprehension in Academic Settings
Authors: Ajideh Parviz , Zohrabi Mohammad , Pouralvar Kazem
Published: July 2018

This study investigated the effect of explicit instruction of metacognitive reading strategies on ESP reading comprehension among university students in Iran. Strategy instruction has recently been integrated into language teaching methodologies, stressing that successful language learners take advantage of appropriate strategy selection and application in order to develop better language skills. Poor learners, on the other hand, fail to know how to use strategies and for what purposes. There has been ample research on the impact of explicit strategy instruction on the EFL learners’ language skills. These studies indicate the effectiveness of strategy instruction on the various aspects of language learning such as skill development among EFL learners but the notion of the effectiveness of strategy instruction on ESP reading comprehension in university level has not been much scrutinized in Iranian context. The participants in this study included undergraduate first and second year students studying Islamic Art and Architecture Engineering at Tabriz Islamic Art University. A randomized subjects and posttest-only control group design was employed in this study. The number of students in Art control and experimental groups was 28 and the one for Architecture control and experimental group was 26 students. The participants in the experimental groups received explicit instruction of metacognitive reading strategies through the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA) for strategy instruction. The results of independent t-test revealed that the students in the experimental groups outperformed those in the control groups and showed greater achievement in their ESP reading comprehension ability.
Ethnography Within an Autobiographical Portrait: The Case of Camara Laye’s the African Child
Authors: Ako Odoi David , Kwesi Klu Ernest
Published: July 2018

Africa as a continent has many ethnic groups. For most non-Africans, Africa is a homogenous society and therefore all African societies and cultures are lumped together. There may be many similarities between cultures. However, the subtleties in culture for each group are not obvious to people outside Africa and most often they are ignored. Early novelists from Africa like Camara Laye have sought to project their own unique stories and give an expose on what and why their ethnic group puts up certain practices. In these stories however, the artist also invariably writes the history or ethnography of the group. So, though Laye’s work is regarded as a novel and in most instances as an autobiography of childhood, the work has deep touches of ethnography and therefore provides a bridge between these two spheres. It becomes therefore important to have a close study of these two domains as shown in The African Child. This paper therefore aims at investigating some ethnographic concerns of the Mandinka society and analyzes the purpose and role of two prominent names used in the work. It is these apparently neglected part that aid in projecting Laye’s autobiography.
TELL (Technology-enhanced Language Learning) in Iranian High Schools: A Panacea for Emotional and Motivational Detriments
Authors: Ghanizadeh Afsaneh , Razavi Azam , Hosseini Akram
Published: July 2018

Recent expansions in technological tools are shifting the direction of foreign-language education. A plethora of EFL research studies suggested that the benefits of TELL (technology-enhanced language learning) embrace a wide array of cognitive, motivational, and emotional attributes. English language teaching in Iran has recently undergone a host of rapid changes. The most apparent change was that the traditional grammar-based instruction left its place to communicative-oriented approaches. As a result, teachers needed extra aids to provide learners with the desired environments and foster exposure to authentic materials. In this regard, multimedia techniques (MTs) offer wide range of facilities in high speed and effective information processing. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible impact of MTs in high schools on students’ L2 learning attitudes, anxiety, and language proficiency. To do so, the researchers adopted a mixed-methods design integrating experimental and interview analyses. The sample of the study consisted of 124 female students from Motahhareh high school in Mashhad, a city in Northeast of Iran. Twelve items out of Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self- system scale were picked to measure attitudes to L2 learning and L2 anxiety. The Babel test was employed for gauging participants’ language proficiency. The sample was divided into two experimental and two control groups. The participants in experimental and control groups were provided with the same materials and instruction. The point of difference lay in the mode of presenting the materials in experimental group, i.e. via multimedia techniques. In the second phase, a semi-structured interview was conducted with a number of students in experimental groups to delve into their attitudes and feedbacks concerning MT-based instruction. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in students’ L2 learning attitudes, anxiety, and language proficiency in favor of the experimental group. In the light of the obtained results, the study presented a number of practical and accessible recommendations for implementing multimedia in teaching English.
Local and relaxed clocks: the best of both worlds
Authors: Fourment Mathieu , Darling Aaron E.
Published: July 2018

Time-resolved phylogenetic methods use information about the time of sample collection to estimate the rate of evolution. Originally, the models used to estimate evolutionary rates were quite simple, assuming that all lineages evolve at the same rate, an assumption commonly known as the molecular clock. Richer and more complex models have since been introduced to capture the phenomenon of substitution rate variation among lineages. Two well known model extensions are the local clock, wherein all lineages in a clade share a common substitution rate, and the uncorrelated relaxed clock, wherein the substitution rate on each lineage is independent from other lineages while being constrained to fit some parametric distribution. We introduce a further model extension, called the flexible local clock (FLC), which provides a flexible framework to combine relaxed clock models with local clock models. We evaluate the flexible local clock on simulated and real datasets and show that it provides substantially improved fit to an influenza dataset. An implementation of the model is available for download from https://www.github.com/4ment/flc.
Estrategias de comunicación en redes sociodigitales desde la práctica del gobierno abierto
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (Mexico), Negrete-Huelga Karla , Rivera-Magos Sergio ,   Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (Mexico)
Published: July 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es describir cómo se vinculan las estrategias para la gestión de Twitter y Facebook de los gobiernos estatales de Hidalgo y Querétaro con el gobierno abierto, entendido como aquel que promueve la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y la participación ciudadana en un esquema de interacción digital. Se concluye que las estrategias de comunicación analizadas no se vinculan con esta noción y no son coherentes con la planificación establecida en la normatividad; asimismo, evidencia una limitada interacción entre gobierno y ciudadano, alejada de lo que se espera de un gobierno abierto
Influencers, marca personal e ideología política en Twitter
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla (España), Fernández Gómez Jorge David , Hernández-Santaolalla Víctor ,   Universidad de Sevilla (España), Sanz-Marcos Paloma ,   Universidad de Sevilla (España)
Published: July 2018

Las redes sociales han visto crecer la figura del influencer como un nuevo modelo de líder de opinión que debe combinar la gestión de su marca personal con el rol de prescriptor, incluyendo los mensajes de contenido político. En este contexto, esta investigación aplicó un análisis de contenido a 790 mensajes de diez influencers españoles con alto impacto en Twitter. En concreto, se analizaron los objetivos perseguidos, los temas tratados y el contenido ideológico de los tuits. Al respecto, a pesar de que se refleja un objetivo ideológico-político en los mensajes, el discurso se torna bastante moderado, cuando no desideologizado.
CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E SOCIEDADE PARA FORMAÇÃO CIDADÃ DOS LICENCIANDOS EM QUÍMICA, FÍSICA E MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Comiotto Tatiana , Lawall Ivani Teresinha , Siple Ivanete Zuchi , Moraes Braga Martin Maria Da Graça , Dias Lorena Silva de Andrade
Published: July 2018

Este artigo aborda uma perspectiva para a formação de um profissional cidadão tendo como alicerce o enfoque da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade – CTS. Apresenta algumas concepções teóricas sobre Educação, CTS e Formação, as quais fundamentarão as análises posteriores, constituindo-se desta forma, um conjunto de princípios essenciais e opiniões sistematizadas que tem como proposição explicar, elucidar, interpretar ou unificar um dado domínio de fenômenos ou de acontecimentos que se oferecem à atividade prática nos cursos de licenciatura. Procura, também, apresentar a relação que existe entre a Educação e sua influência no ensino da Ciência, da Tecnologia e dos aspectos Sociais, suas interligações possíveis e necessárias para a formação dos futuros graduandos dos cursos de licenciatura em química, física e matemática
Controlling Cells with Light and LOV
Authors: Hoffmann Mareike Daniela , Bubeck Felix , Eils Roland , Niopek Dominik
Published: July 2018

Optogenetics is a powerful method for studying dynamic processes in living cells and has advanced cell biology research over the recent past. Key to the successful application of optogenetics is the careful design of the light‐sensing module, typically employing a natural or engineered photoreceptor that links the exogenous light input to the cellular process under investigation. Light–oxygen–voltage (LOV) domains, a highly diverse class of small blue light sensors, have proven to be particularly versatile for engineering optogenetic input modules. These can function via diverse modalities, including inducible allostery, protein recruitment, dimerization, or dissociation. This study reviews recent advances in the development of LOV domain‐based optogenetic tools and their application for studying and controlling selected cellular functions. Focusing on the widely employed LOV2 domain from Avena sativa phototropin‐1, this review highlights the broad spectrum of engineering opportunities that can be explored to achieve customized optogenetic regulation. Finally, major bottlenecks in the development of optogenetic methods are discussed and strategies to overcome these with recent synthetic biology approaches are pointed out.
Dynamic Covalent Chemistry at Interfaces: Development of Tougher, Healable Composites through Stress Relaxation at the Resin–Silica Nanoparticles Interface
Authors: Sowan Nancy , Cox Lewis M. , Shah Parag K. , Song Han Byul , Stansbury Jeffrey W. , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: July 2018

The interfacial region in composites that incorporate filler materials of dramatically different modulus relative to the resin phase acts as a stress concentrator and becomes a primary locus for composite failure. A novel adaptive interface (AI) platform formed by coupling moieties capable of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is introduced to the resin–filler interface to promote stress relaxation. Specifically, silica nanoparticles (SNP) are functionalized with a silane capable of addition fragmentation chain transfer (AFT), a process by which DCC‐active bonds are reversibly exchanged upon light exposure and concomitant radical generation, and copolymerized with a thiol‐ene resin. At a fixed SNP loading of 25 wt%, the toughness (2.3 MJ m−3) is more than doubled and polymerization shrinkage stress (0.4 MPa) is cut in half in the AI composite relative to otherwise identical composites that possess a passive interface (PI) with similar silane structure, but without the AFT moiety. In situ activation of the AI during mechanical loading results in 70% stress relaxation and three times higher fracture toughness than the PI control. When interfacial DCC was combined with resin‐based DCC, the toughness was improved by 10 times relative to the composite without DCC in either the resin or at the resin–filler interface.
Development of Novel Chloramphenicol Scaffold‐Based Chiral Hydroxyl Oxazoline Ligands and Their Application to the Asymmetric Alkynylation of Isatins
Authors: Chen Lei , Huang Guanxin , Liu Minjie , Huang Zedu , Chen Fen‐Er
Published: July 2018

The synthesis of new chloramphenicol base‐derived chiral hydroxyl oxazoline ligands, and their use in the first Zn(OTf)2‐catalyzed enantioselective alkynylation of isatins are described. This transformation features mild reaction conditions, a remarkably broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance, affording the corresponding tertiary propargylic alcohols in high yields and with high enantioselectivities. The application of chiral hydroxyl oxazolines as ligands in Zn(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric alkynylation reactions is unprecedented.

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Ru (II)‐Catalyzed Coupling‐Cyclization of Sulfoximines with alpha‐Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides as an Approach to 1,2‐Benzothiazines
Authors: Xie Haisheng , Lan Jianyong , Gui Jiao , Chen Fengjuan , Jiang Huangfeng , Zeng Wei
Published: July 2018

A Ru(II)‐catalyzed approach for the rapid assembly of 1,2‐benzothiazines has been developed to enable the coupling‐cyclization of aryl Csp2−H bonds with α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides via Csp2−H activation process. The present method could be further applied to the construction of the 4‐substituted 1,2‐benzothiazine skeletons.

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While Plaintiffs' Lawyers Strategize, the Supreme Court's Strong Backing Likely Will Grow Mandatory Processes
Authors: Bleemer Russ
Published: July 2018

The conflict over workplace conflict resolution is officially over. For now.
Assembly of a Wheel‐Like Eu24Ti8 Cluster under the Guidance of High‐Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Hao , Du Ming‐Hao , Lin Shui‐Chao , Tang Zi‐Chao , Kong Xiang‐Jian , Long La‐Sheng , Zheng Lan‐Sun
Published: July 2018

A building blocks strategy is an effective approach for constructing the large molecular systems. Herein, we demonstrate that high‐resolution electro‐spray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI‐MS) provides an effective chance to insight the assemble process of the building blocks and guides the construction of high‐nuclearity metal clusters on the basis of the reaction of Ti(OiPr)4, Eu(acac)3, and salicylic acid. The time‐dependent HRESI‐MS indicates that not only a Eu3Ti building block can be formed, but that it can further assemble into a Eu24Ti8 compound. Temperature‐dependent HRESI‐MS reveals that increase of the reaction temperature favors the formation and crystallization of the stable Eu24Ti8 structure. Single‐crystal structural analysis demonstrates that the Eu24Ti8 has a wheel‐like structure with diameter of ca. 4.1 nm and is the highest nuclearity lanthanide‐titanium oxo cluster reported to date.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Hetero‐triarylmethanes from Racemic Indolyl Alcohols
Authors: Yue Caizhen , Na Fei , Fang Xiantao , Cao Yang , Antilla Jon C.
Published: July 2018

The direct enantioselective 1,4‐ and 1,8‐arylations of 7‐methide‐7H‐indoles and 6‐methide‐6H‐indoles, respectively, generated in situ from diarylmethanols, with electron‐rich arenes as nucleophiles, has been achieved in the presence of chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs). These two remote activation protocols provide an efficient approach for the construction of diverse hetero‐triarylmethanes in high yields (up to 97 %) and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96 %). Mechanistically inspired experiments tentatively indicate that the catalytic enantioselective 1,4‐addition as well as the formal SN1 substitution could proceed efficiently in the similar catalytic systems. Furthermore, the modification of the catalytic system and diarylmethanol structure successfully deviates the reactivity toward a remote, highly enantioselective 1,8‐arylation reaction. This flexible activation mode and novel reactivity of diarylmethanols expand the synthetic potential of chiral phosphoric acids.
γ‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Addition of MEMO‐Substituted Allylboron Compounds to Aldimines Catalyzed by Organoboron–Ammonium Complexes
Authors: Morrison Ryan J. , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: July 2018

The first catalytic, broadly applicable, efficient, γ‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective method for addition of O‐substituted allyl‐B(pin) compounds to phosphinoylimines (MEM=methoxyethoxymethyl, pin=pinacolato) is presented. The identity of the most effective catalyst and the optimal protecting group for the organoboron reagent were determined by consideration of the steric and electronic requirements at different stages of the catalytic cycle, namely, the generation of the chiral allylboronate, the subsequent 1,3‐borotropic shift, and the addition step. Aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, alkenyl‐ and alkyl‐substituted vicinal phosphinoylamido MEM‐ethers were thus accessed in 57–92 % yield, 89:11 to >98:2 γ:α selectivity, 76:24–97:3 diastereomeric ratio, and 90:10–99:1 enantiomeric ratio. The method is scalable, and the phosphinoyl and MEM groups may be removed selectively or simultaneously. Utility is highlighted by enantioselective synthesis of an NK‐1 receptor antagonist.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Hetero‐Bicyclic Alkenes with Internal Alkynes
Authors: Qin Hongyu , Chen Jingchao , Li Kangkui , He Zhenxiu , Zhou Yongyun , Fan Baomin
Published: July 2018

Enantioselective [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of azabenzonorbornadienes and oxabenzonorbornadienes with internal alkynes has been enabled by a catalyst system comprising Ni(COD)2 and (R)‐SIPHOS‐Ph‐Mor. This transformation represents the first asymmetric [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of azabenzonorbornadienes with internal alkynes, providing a straightforward method to prepare four‐membered carbocycles.
Phosphorescence Resulting from Interaction between Two Non‐equivalent Metals on a Helical π‐Conjugated Surface
Authors: Akiyama Midori , Tsuchiya Yuto , Ishii Ayumi , Hasegawa Miki , Kurashige Yuki , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: July 2018

A [7]helicene bis‐ruthenium complex, with one ruthenium atom bound to the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ring and the other coordinated to the arene ring at the edge of the helicene, was synthesized. This complex showed phosphorescence both in butyronitrile (Φ=31 %, 77 K) and in the solid state (Φ=18 %, 77 K). The two non‐equivalent ruthenium metal atoms, attached to the helicene ligand, interact with each other upon photoabsorption and emission.
Azopyridine‐Containing Three‐arm Star Compounds with Aggregation‐induced Fluorescence
Authors: Chen Yinjie , Feng Xing , Sun Zhicheng , Wang Dan , Yang Tao , Zhao Ziyuan , Li Luhai , Wang Xiaogong , Yu Haifeng
Published: July 2018

Three‐arm star azopyridinium salts self‐organize into various morphologies in water/organic mixed solvents. Interesting AIE and self‐assembling features are observed due to the strong interaction of the azopyridinium moieties with the highly polar H2O molecules causing the salts to aggregate, which restricts the molecular motion and induces the fluorescence.
Design of a phosphinate‐based bioluminescent probe for superoxide radical anion imaging in living cells
Authors: Liu Xinda , Tian Xiaodong , Xu Xu , Lu Jianzhong
Published: July 2018

Superoxide radical anion (O2˙−) as an important member of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a vital role both in physiology and pathology. Herein we designed and synthesized a novel phosphinate‐based bioluminescence probe for O2˙− detection in living cells, which exhibited good sensitivity for capturing O2˙− at the nanomole level and high selectivity against other ROS. The probe was further found to be of low toxicity for living cells and was then successfully employed for sensing endogenous O2˙− by using phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) as a traditional O2˙− stimulator in Huh7 cells. Moreover, the increasing production and use of nanoparticles, has given rise to many concerns and debates among the public and scientific authorities regarding their safety and final fate in biological systems. Herein it was found that mondisperse polystyrene particles could stimulate O2˙− generation in Huh7 cells. Overall, the probe was demonstrated to have a great potential as a novel bioluminescent sensor for detecting O2˙− in living cells. To our knowledge, this is the first small‐molecule phosphinate‐based bioluminescence probe that will open up great opportunities for unlocking the mystery of O2˙− in human health and disease.
Corporate culture, environmental innovation and financial performance
Authors: Liao Zhongju
Published: July 2018

Based on the logic of culture‐behaviour performance, this study constructs a theoretical model to examine the effect of four types of corporate culture (clan, adhocracy, hierarchy and market) on the three dimensions of a firm's environmental innovation (eco‐organizational, eco‐process and eco‐product) and whether environmental innovation affects a firm's financial performance. Three hundred and sixty‐six firms in the manufacturing and service industries are selected as a valid research sample, and a structural equation model is used for empirical analysis. The results show that adhocracy and market cultures are positively related to a firm's eco‐organizational, eco‐process and eco‐product innovation; clan culture has a positive effect, and hierarchy culture a negative effect, on eco‐organizational innovation; and the three dimensions of environmental innovation all promote a firm's financial performance. Based on these conclusions, this study discusses managerial implications and suggests future research directions.
Alternative access for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in older adults: A collaborative study from France and United States
Authors: Damluji Abdulla A. , Murman Magdalena , Byun Seunghwan , Moscucci Mauro , Resar Jon R , Hasan Rani K. , Alfonso Carlos E. , Carrillo Roger G. , Williams Donald B. , Kwon Christopher C. , Cho Peter W. , Dijos Marina , Peltan Julien , Heldman Alan W. , Cohen Mauricio G. , Leroux Lionel
Published: July 2018

Background

We examined the outcomes of older adults undergoing nontrans‐femoral (non‐TF) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures including trans‐apical (TA), trans‐aortic (TAo), trans‐subclavian (TSub), and trans‐carotid (TCa) techniques.

Methods and Results

This is an observational study of all consecutive older patients who underwent non‐TF TAVR for symptomatic severe AS with Edwards Sapien (ES), Medtronic CoreValve, ES3 or Lotus Valve at three centers in France and the United States from 04/2008 to 02/2017. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were defined according to VARC‐2 criteria. Of 857 patients who received TAVR, 172 (20%) had an alternative access procedure. Of these, 45 (26%) were TA, 67 (39%) TAo, 17 (10%) TSub, and 43 (25%) TCa procedures. The preference for non‐TF access site was different between the two countries (US: TA 39%, TAo 52%, TSub 9%; TCa 0% vs. France: TA 9%, TAo 23%, TSub 11%, and TCa 57%, P‐value < .001). Most patients who underwent TAo TAVR were older women (median age: TA 82, TAo 84, TSub 81, TCa 81, P‐value = 0.043; female gender: TA 32 (27%), TAo 30 (55%), TSub 10 (41%), TCa 27 (37%), P‐value = .021). The predicted Society of Thoracic Surgery risk of mortality was similar among groups (TA 7%, TAo 7%, TSub 6%, TCa 7%, P‐value= .738). No differences were observed in the frequency of para‐valvular leak, intra‐procedural bleeding, vascular complications, conversion to open‐heart surgery, or development of acute kidney injury. The highest in‐hospital mortality was observed in the TAo group (TA 2%, TAo 15%, TSub 0%, TCa 2%, P‐value = .014). However, hospital length of stay, one‐month, and one‐year mortality were similar among non‐TF techniques.

Conclusion

Although regional differences exist in the choice of alternative access techniques, centers with high technical expertise can provide a safe alternative to traditional TF TAVR. TAo TAVR was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality than other non‐TF approaches, and this may have reflected patient rather than procedural factors. All alternative access techniques had similar mortality rates and clinical outcomes at one‐year follow‐up. Trans‐carotid access is safe and feasible compared to other non‐TF access techniques.
A novel FBN2 mutation cosegregates with congenital contractural arachnodactyly in a five‐generation Chinese family
Authors: Zhou Shiyuan , Wang Fengyu , Dou Yongheng , Zhou Jiping , Hao Gefang , Xu Chengqi , Wang Qing K. , Wang Haili , Wang Pengyun
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

We identified a novel heterozygous mutation (c.4177T>G and p.Cys1393Gly) in FBN2 that cosegregated with congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) in a five‐generation Chinese family. This mutation may cause the loss of the disulfide bond between Cys 1393 and Cys 1378 residues of fibrillin‐2. Our study expands the genetic profile of CCA.
HypervirulentKlebsiella pneumoniaeK1 liver abscess and endogenous endophthalmitis in a Caucasian man
Authors: Baekby Martin , Hegedüs Nicolas , Sandahl Thomas Damgaard , Krogfelt Karen Angeliki , Struve Carsten
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Invasive Liver Abscess Syndrome is the most frequent of a number of infectious syndromes caused by hypervirulentKlebsiella pneumoniaeclones. While incidences peak in Southeast Asia, travels to Asia and Asian ethnicity are independent risk factors for infection in the western countries, although non‐Asians are infected as well. Although challenging, a prompt diagnosis is of utmost importance to ensure adequate treatment and improve overall survival and visual outcome in cases with ocular involvement.
Electronic and Steric Effects on the Reductive Elimination of Anionic Arylferrate(III) Complexes
Authors: Parchomyk Tobias , Koszinowski Konrad
Published: July 2018

Arylferrate(III) complexes Ph3FeR− (R=para‐ and ortho‐substituted aryl) are proposed as model systems for the in‐depth investigation of reductive eliminations from organoiron(III) species. Electrospray ionization transfers the arylferrate complexes prepared in situ from solution into the gas phase, where mass selection ensures a well‐defined population of reactant ions. Upon gas‐phase fragmentation, the arylferrate complexes undergo reductive elimination of the cross‐coupling product PhR as well as the homo‐coupling product Ph2. The measured branching ratios between the two competing reaction channels are used to construct a Hammett plot, which shows that electron‐donating aryl groups R favor the formation of the cross‐coupling product. In this way, the complexes avoid the build‐up of too much electron density at the iron center during the reductive elimination. ortho Substitution in R increases the fraction of the homo‐coupling product, presumably by hindering the approach between the two aryl groups participating in the reductive elimination. The obtained mechanistic insight substantially advances our understanding of one of the central elementary steps of transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions.
Normal, Abnormal, and Cascade Wittig Olefinations of α‐Oxoketenes
Authors: Pierrot David , Presset Marc , Rodriguez Jean , Bonne Damien , Coquerel Yoann
Published: July 2018

α‐Oxoketenes generated in situ by a thermal Wolff rearrangement have been found to participate as 1,2‐ and 1,4‐ambident C‐electrophilic/O‐nucleophilic reagents towards donor/acceptor carbonyl‐stabilized Wittig ylides. This resulted in the very direct and practical syntheses of functionalized allenes by a normal Wittig olefination, 4H‐pyran‐4‐ones by an abnormal Wittig olefination, or 4H‐pyranylidenes following a Wittig/abnormal Wittig cascade sequence as a function of the substrates combination employed. Mechanistic experimental and computational studies provided a full rational for these reactivity switches. Some unusual mechanistic features for Lewis acid‐free Wittig olefinations were identified in this series such as the involvement of betaine intermediates and some degree of reversibility in the normal Wittig olefination. The abnormal Wittig olefination was fully uncovered.
A Polymerization‐Cutting Strategy: Self‐Protection Synthesis of Thiol‐Based Nanoporous Adsorbents for Efficient Mercury Removal
Authors: Xu Yang , Wang Tianqi , He Zidong , Zhou Minghong , Yu Wei , Shi Buyin , Huang Kun
Published: July 2018

Highly toxic heavy metal ions such as mercury ions (Hg2+) are a great threat to human life and the environment. Developing new strategies and materials to remove the toxic heavy metal ions has attracted more and more attentions. Herein a facile self‐protection synthesis of thiol‐based nanoporous adsorbents for efficient mercury removal via a polymerization‐cutting strategy is reported. The direct free‐radical polymerization of divinyl disulfide derivative and subsequently cutting off the disulfide linkage, without post‐synthesis or modification, can give rise to an exceptionally high density of thiol chelating sites. Moreover, the resultant thiol‐based nanoporous adsorbents (NAs‐SH) exhibit a high saturation uptake capacity (1240 mg g−1) and reused ability for mercury removal from water solution. The proposed polymerization‐cutting strategy may provide an alternative and cost‐effective method for the design and synthesis of various efficient nanoporous adsorbents at large scale in the future.
Immobilized Poly(aryleneethynylene) pH Strips Discriminate Different Brands of Cola
Authors: Bender Markus , Bojanowski N. Maximilian , Seehafer Kai , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: July 2018

Fluorescent, water‐soluble poly(p‐aryleneethynylene)s (PAE) were immobilized on commercially available nylon membranes by using a slot plotter, creating fluorescent, barcode‐like sensor strips. Digital imaging by using a standard digital camera, before and after immersion of the strips in buffers of different pH, displays a unique color for each pH value. Statistical evaluation, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA), of the acquired data revealed that the immobilized PAEs are superior to the identical fluorophores when dissolved. The pH sensor array discriminates 20 different brands of commercial‐cola soft drinks through differences in pH and colorant–PAE interactions.
Stereoselective and Modular Assembly Method for Heterocycle‐Fused Daucane Sesquiterpenoids
Authors: Christiaens Mien , Hullaert Jan , Van Hecke Kristof , Laplace Duchan , Winne Johan M.
Published: July 2018

A stereoselective synthetic method is reported for the molecular framework found in common daucane and isodaucane sesquiterpenoid natural products. The synthetic method constitutes a scalable, modular, and also asymmetric access to a complex natural product scaffold, wherein the substitution pattern and the stereochemistry can be adjusted simply by choosing different starting materials. The method allows the rapid introduction of diverse heterocyclic substructures such as (benzo)furans, (benzo)thiophenes, dithiins, thiazoles, and indoles, which actually also facilitate and direct the key intramolecular annulation step.