bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limits of lockdown: characterising essential contacts during strict physical distancing
Authors: Thomas Amy , Danon Leon , Christensen Hannah , Northstone Kate , Smith Daniel , Nixon Emily , Trickey Adam , Hemani Gibran , Sauchelli Sarah , Finn Adam , Timpson Nicholas , Brooks-Pollock Ellen
Published: May 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exposed health inequalities within countries and globally. The fundamental determining factor behind an individual’s risk of infection is the number of social contacts they make. In many countries, physical distancing measures have been implemented to control transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), reducing social contacts to a minimum. We characterise social contacts to understand the drivers and inequalities behind differential risks for aiding in planning SARS-CoV-2 mitigation programmes.

Methods: We utilised an existing longitudinal birth cohort (n=6807) to explore social contact patterns and behaviours when strict physical distancing measures were in place during the UK’s first lockdown in March-May 2020. We used an online questionnaire to capture information on participant contact patterns, health, SARS-CoV-2 exposure, behaviours and impacts resulting from COVID-19. We quantified daily contacts and examined the association between covariates and numbers of daily total contacts using a negative binomial regression model.

Results: A daily average of 3.7 [standard deviation = 10.6] total contacts outside the household were reported. Essential workers, specifically those in healthcare, had 4.5 times as many contacts as non-essential workers [incident rate ratio = 4.42 (95% CI: 3.88–5.04)], whilst essential workers in other sectors, mainly teaching and the police force had three times as many contacts [IRR = 2.84 (2.58–3.13)]. The number of individuals in a household, which largely reflects number of children, increases essential social contacts by 40%. Self-isolation effectively reduces numbers of contacts outside of the home, but not entirely.

Conclusions: Contextualising contact patterns has highlighted the health inequalities exposed by COVID-19, as well as potential sources of infection risk and transmission. Together, these findings will aid the interpretation of epidemiological data and impact the design of effective control strategies for SARS-CoV-2, such as vaccination, testing and contact tracing.
Cognitive functions and thyroid hormones secretion disorders
Authors: Przybylak Mateusz , Grabowski Jakub , Bidzan Leszek
Published: May 2021

Funkcjonowanie tarczycy ma doniosłe znaczenie dla kształtowania się, dojrzewania i aktywności ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Związek klinicznych zaburzeń czynności tarczycy z zaburzeniami psychicznymi, w tym z upośledzeniem funkcji poznawczych, wydaje się być dobrze udokumentowany. Nieprawidłowe stężenia hormonów tarczowych mogą prowadzić do pogorszenia procesów kognitywnych poprzez zmiany w neurotransmisji, nasilanie stresu oksydacyjnego, czy też wpływ na przemiany β-amyloidu i metabolizm glukozy w ośrodkowym układzie nerwowym. Wątpliwości dotyczą przede wszystkim subklinicznych form dysfunkcji tarczycy. Według niektórych danych, mają one wykazywać związek ze stanem funkcji poznawczych oraz być jednym z czynników przyśpieszających mechanizmy prowadzące do zwyrodnienia tkanki mózgowej i w konsekwencji do otępienia. Wyniki badań nad korelacją aktywności tarczycy z funkcjami poznawczymi oraz nad ewentualnym korzystnym wpływem suplementacji hormonalnej na procesy kognitywne przynoszą jednak sprzeczne wyniki, co przynajmniej częściowo może wynikać z dużych problemów metodologicznych. Nie należy także wykluczać korelacji odwrotnej, gdzie toczący się proces neurozwyrodnieniowy wpływałby na czynność tarczycy, np. poprzez zmienioną produkcję i wydzielanie tyreoliberyny. Pomimo kilkudziesięciu lat intensywnych badań, wyjaśnienie tego związku jest nadal dalekie od rozstrzygających ustaleń.
Negative consequences of novel psychoactive substances use among the Polish users
Authors: Wieczorek Łukasz , Bujalski Michał , Dąbrowska Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

Cel pracy

Używanie Nowych Substancji Psychoaktywnych (NSP) (Novel Psychoactive Substance, NPS) to relatywnie nowe zjawisko na polskiej scenie narkotykowej. Jednocześnie jest to szybko rozwijająca się grupa substancji. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie negatywnych konsekwencji wynikających z używania nowych substancji psychoaktywnych dla zdrowia fizycznego, psychicznego i funkcjonowania społecznego doświadczanych przez użytkowników Nowych Substancji Psychoaktywnych.

Metoda

Badania terenowe prowadzono w 2016 roku w czterech lokalizacjach: w Warszawie, Krakowie, Poznaniu i Trójmieście. W badaniu wzięło udział łącznie 596 użytkowników Nowych Substancji Psychoaktywnych. Wśród nich znaleźli się uczestnicy imprez używający NSP rekreacyjnie (N=172), użytkownicy zmarginalizowani (N=86) oraz użytkownicy aktywni w internecie (N=338). W badaniu wykorzystano kwestionariusz do samodzielnego wypełnienia.

Wyniki

Substancje z grupy Stymulantów/ Empatogenów/Nootropów były najchętniej używanymi NSP wśród uczestników imprez, osób zmarginalizowanych i aktywnych w internecie. Mniejszą popularnością cieszyły się mieszanki ziołowe, a dopiero na trzecim miejscy znalazły się syntetyczne kannabinoidy. Nagłe efekty uboczne były najbardziej rozpowszechnionymi konsekwencjami. Rozpowszechnienie średnio i długo terminowych problemów ze zdrowiem psychicznym i fizycznym oraz problemów społecznych było na podobnym poziomie. Wszystkie rodzaje negatywnych konsekwencji były najbardziej rozpowszechnione wśród osób zmarginalizowanych.

Wnioski

Użytkownicy Nowych Substancji Psychoaktywnych doświadczają wielu negatywnych konsekwencji. Stawia to ogromne wyzwania przed lecznictwem, które musi odpowiedzieć adekwatną formą pomocy. Nie jest jednak łatwe z uwagi na trudności diagnostyczne i podobny profil objawów jak w przypadku tradycyjnych narkotyków. Istnieje konieczność prowadzenia badań w obszarze Nowych Substancji Psychoaktywnych pozwalających na monitorowanie zjawiska i dalsze jego poznawanie.
Coexistence of DiGeorge syndrome with Fahr syndrome, mosaic Turner syndrome and psychiatric symptoms – a case report
Authors: Zalewska Ewa , Gnacińska-Szymańska Maria , Obołończyk Łukasz , Sworczak Krzysztof
Published: May 2021

Przedstawiamy przypadek kliniczny pacjentki z zaburzeniami psychiatrycznym u której w 63 roku życia postawiono rozpoznanie zespołu DiGeorga, zespołu Fahra oraz zespołu Turnera. Według naszej wiedzy jest to pierwszy na świecie opisany przypadek współwystępowania zespołu DiGeorga z zespołem Turnera o kariotypie mozaikowym. Symetryczne zwapnienia jąder podstawy mózgu, nazywane zespołem Fahra, mogą rozwinąć się u chorych z zespołem DiGeorga w konsekwencji zaburzeń gospodarki wapniowo–fosforanowej wynikającej z pierwotnej niedoczynności przytarczyc. Zarówno brak jednej kopii genów fragmentu 11.2 długiego ramienia chromosomu 22 w zespole DiGeorga jak i zwapnienia jąder podstawy mózgu w zespole Fahra, a według niektórych doniesień również zaburzenia genetyczne w zespole Turnera o kariotypie mozaikowym, predysponują do rozwoju zaburzeń psychiatrycznych. Wiodącą manifestacją kliniczną chorób genetycznych u naszej pacjentki była długoletnia, oporna na leczenie depresja z zaburzeniami snu i halucynoza organiczna. W następstwie ciężkich zaburzeń afektywnych pacjentka podjęła próbę samobójczą. Celem naszej pracy jest zwrócenie uwagi na subtelne cechy w badaniu klinicznym, które mogą doprowadzić do rozpoznania choroby genetycznej u pacjentów z zaburzeniami psychiatrycznymi. Omawiamy również predyspozycję do występowania objawów psychiatrycznych w zespołu DiGeorga, zespole Fahra oraz zespole Turnera.
The relationships of need for closure dimensions with psychotic-like experiences and jumping to conclusions. A study of a large cross-population sample
Authors: Daren Artur , Mętel Dagmara , Błądziński Piotr , Kalisz Aneta , Pionke Renata , Krężołek Martyna , Frydecka Dorota , Misiak Błażej , Cechnicki Andrzej , Gawęda Łukasz
Published: May 2021

Cel pracy

Teoretyczne podobieństwo między konstruktem potrzeby poznawczego domknięcia (NFC) a symptomatologią psychotyczną, zwłaszcza urojeniowością, zostało sprawdzone w różnych badaniach i przynosiło rozbieżne wyniki. W ramach niniejszego badania testowano tę zależność na dużej próbie z populacji ogólnej za pomocą ankiety internetowej.

Metoda

Preferowanie Przewidywalności, Nietolerancja Wieloznaczności i Zdecydowanie ze skróconej Skali Potrzeby Poznawczego Domknięcia (NFCS) zostały wykorzystane do sprawdzenia związków z objawami ideacji podobnych do urojeń i doznań podobnych do halucynacji, mierzonych skróconą wersją kwestionariusza Kwestionariusza Prodromalnego (PQ-16). Analizy obejmowały zarówno modele liniowe jak i klastrowe. Dodatkowo badaliśmy związki pomiędzy zadaniem na przeskok do konkluzji (JTC), pełną skróconą NFCS i objawami podobnymi do psychotycznych (PLEs) w mniejszej próbie osób, które miały najwyższe wyniki PLEs w ankiecie internetowej.

Wyniki

Nasze badania potwierdziły, że NFC nie jest konstruktem jednorodnym. Wykazała ona słabe związki z objawami podobnymi do psychotycznych i praktycznie brak związków z wynikami JTC. Podskala Zdecydowanie wykazywała ujemne powiązania z natężeniem PLEs.

Wnioski

NFCS nie powinna być stosowana jako jednorodna miara, a użyteczność kliniczna wysokich wyników NFCS jako wskaźnika podatności na psychopatologię wydaje się wątpliwa. Niemniej, brak zdecydowania może być ogólną oznaką zmagania się z pewnego rodzaju problemami psychicznymi.
On the Spillover Effects of Online Product Reviews on Purchases: Evidence from Clickstream Data
Authors: Kwark Young , Lee Gene Moo , Pavlou Paul A. , Qiu Liangfei
Published: May 2021

We study the spillover effects of the online reviews of other covisited products on the purchases of a focal product using clickstream data from a large retailer. The proposed spillover effects are moderated by (a) whether the related (covisited) products are complementary or substitutive, (b) the choice of media channel (mobile or personal computer (PC)) used, (c) whether the related products are from the same or a different brand, (d) consumer experience, and (e) the variance of the review ratings. To identify complementary and substitutive products, we develop supervised machine-learning models based on product characteristics, such as product category and brand, and novel text-based similarity measures. We train and validate the machine-learning models using product pair labels from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Our results show that the mean rating of substitutive (complementary) products has a negative (positive) effect on purchasing of the focal product. Interestingly, the magnitude of the spillover effects of the mean ratings of covisited (substitutive and complementary) products is significantly larger than the effects on the focal product, especially for complementary products. The spillover effect of ratings is stronger for consumers who use mobile devices versus PCs. We find the negative effect of the mean ratings of substitutive products across different brands on purchasing of a focal product to be significantly higher than within the same brand. Lastly, the effect of the mean ratings is stronger for less experienced consumers and for ratings with lower variance. We discuss implications on leveraging the spillover effect of the online product reviews of related products to encourage online purchases.
Game—Constructivist Exercises to Enhance Teaching of Probability and Statistics for Engineers
Authors: Reeves Kingsley A. , Hernandez-Gantes Victor , Centeno Grisselle , Gushi Nurnberg Carolina
Published: May 2021

A challenge in engineering education is the dominance of passive instructional methods such as lectures and memorization of facts. Constructivist teaching strategies, in contrast, increase students’ engagement, link what students learn to meaningful contexts, and potentially help students to better organize and transfer knowledge. In this paper, we present 12 exercises developed to aid in the incorporation of constructivist instructional approaches into an introductory probability and statistics engineering course. The objective of this paper is to disseminate the exercises for broader use and report on the experiences of using these exercises for the past 10 years.
Nurses’ performance in COVID-19 pandemic: Integrative review
Authors: Cardoso Simone Cristina , Sforcini Arantxa S. , Barbosa Dulce Aparecida , Da Fonseca Cassiane D. , Oliveira Naila A.
Published: May 2021

Introducion: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan (China) in late December 2019. It has rapidly spread worldwide since then and it has become a global pandemic affecting more than 200 countries and territories. Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence on nurses’ role in health care for COVID-19 patients Methods: Integrative review carried out in BEDENF, LILACS and MEDLINE databases of articles available between December 2019 and June 2020 by adopting PICO strategy. Results: The sample consisted of ten articles addressing nursing experience during COVID-19 pandemic, bringing an analysis of the impact of nursing activities worldwide during the pandemic. Conclusion: The studies addressed nurses’ importance in this pandemic moment; however, it shows various difficulties that these professionals face on a daily basis to keep professional ethics while ensuring the best care. This review realizes the need for new research to call attention to nurses’ role in tackling COVID-19 pandemic.
A aventura de Deus na era dos simulacros e simulações: o real e o hiper-real em O filho mais velho de Deus e/ou Livro IV, de Lourenço Mutarelli
Authors: Santos Douglas Eraldo dos
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho parte das discussões de Jean Baudrillard em "Simulacros e Simulações" (1991) e os conceitos de hiper-real e hiper-realismo para propor uma leitura e interpretação do romance "O Filho Mais Velho de Deus e/ou Livro IV", de Lourenço Mutarelli, Companhia das Letras, 2018.
Assim na terra como no céu: reconsiderações sobre a poesia pura e a “ausência de mundo” na poética de Cecília Meireles
Authors: Moreira Idmar Boaventura
Published: May 2021

Cecília Meireles afirmara, certa vez, que seu maior defeito seria uma “certa ausência de mundo”. Alfredo Bosi vê essa ausência como virtude e a considera como chave para ler sua poesia. Mas a afirmação pode ser vista, também, como reveladora de um certo desconforto da poetisa, cuja obra equilibra-se na tensão entre comunicabilidade e incomunicabilidade, entre ausência e participação. O objetivo desse artigo é discutir o conceito de poésie pure e sua aplicação na lírica de Cecília Meireles, bem como a relação que a poesia ceciliana estabelece com o mundo e os acontecimentos à sua volta.
A Segunda Guerra Mundial de Tarantino: pastiche em Bastardos Inglórios
Authors: Santos Francisco Renato Da Silva , Ponte Charles Albuquerque
Published: May 2021

Esse artigo apresenta uma análise do filme Bastardos Inglórios, de Quentin Tarantino, apontando os aspectos que o caracterizam como um pastiche dos filmes de guerra. Com base em Jameson (2016a), que instituiu o conceito de pastiche para se referir a um tipo de diálogo pós-moderno com outras obras, pretende-se demonstrar, através de um estudo comparativo, como ocorre o pastiche no filme de Tarantino, avaliando elementos como esquizofrenia e nostalgia que são característicos da arte contemporânea. A análise mostrará que Bastardos Inglórios se diferencia de outros filmes de guerra, em especial dos que tratam da Segunda Guerra Mundial, especialmente por não ter compromisso com a historicidade, e seus traços estéticos o aproximam do gênero faroeste, caracterizando-o, assim, como um "filme nostálgico".
A pouca visibilidade da mulher na toponímia de Araçuaí-MG
Authors: Rocha Shirlene Aparecida da
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os logradouros da cidade (ruas, praças e avenidas) de Araçuaí-MG que recebem nomes de pessoas, a fim de verificar a (in)visibilidade de nomes femininos na escolha dos topônimos, tendo em vista a importância da mulher para a formação do município. Como embasamento teórico, foram consultados trabalhos dos autores Vasconcelos (1928), Jonasson (1994), Dick(1990,1992, 1996), Faria (2017). Para a coleta de dados, foram consultados mapas e relatórios oficiais do município, que forneceram o total de 174 logradouros com nomes de pessoas, acompanhados ou não de títulos. Como resultado, observou-se que, dos 174 logradouros da cidade com nomes de pessoas, são 38 femininos e 136 masculinos. Dessa maneira, comprova-se que, também na escolha de topônimos, a desigualdade de gênero se faz presente.
Norma culta em gramáticas discursivo-funcionais
Authors: Constancio Felipe De Andrade , Pereira Carlos Gustavo Camillo
Published: May 2021

O século XX trouxe muitas contribuições à descrição do português como língua vernácula, na medida em que muitos manuais e compêndios de gramática tiveram sucessivas edições. Com a virada para o século XXI, não foi diferente, uma vez que surgiram gramáticas cujo conteúdo reivindica abordagens distintas para o tratamento da língua, seja na perspectiva da fala, seja na perspectiva da escrita. Este trabalho elenca duas dessas gramáticas, a saber, a Gramática Houaiss da língua portuguesa e A gramática do português revelada em textos, de autoria de José Carlos de Azeredo e Maria Helena de Moura Neves, respectivamente, para recortar a concepção de norma culta em ambas. Diferentes abordagens teóricas têm demonstrado que as gramáticas em tela inovam na descrição do português pelo fato de que selecionam como os corpora dados da “língua em uso”.
Uma tentativa de comparação entre as personagens Luís Padilha, de S. Bernardo, de Graciliano Ramos, e Iago, de Otelo, de William Shakespeare
Authors: Santos Octávio Henrique Chames dos
Published: May 2021

Sobre S. Bernardo, de Graciliano Ramos (2018), Juarez Filho (2006) indaga: “quem teria sido o Iago em São Bernardo?”, referindo-se ao personagem shakespeariano da tragédia Otelo (2017). Em nosso artigo, propomos uma resposta a essa provocação. Baseando-nos nas características atribuídas a Iago por críticos como Bloom (1998) e no exame de excertos de Otelo e, em especial, de S. Bernardo, buscamos sustentar que o ex-proprietário da fazenda S. Bernardo, Luís Padilha, assume esse papel.
O pensamento linguístico de Oswald Ducrot
Authors: Marins Ânderson Rodrigues
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo analisa o pensamento linguístico de Ducrot sobre os conectores de tipo lógico e os encadeadores de tipo discursivo, recapitulando noções de escala argumentativa e de classe argumentativa formuladas pelo linguista francês. Nota-se que as gramáticas da tradição têm dado maior ênfase ao estudo dos morfemas lexicais e dos morfemas gramaticais flexionais e derivacionais, relegando a um plano secundário o estudo dos operadores argumentativos, de tal forma que passam praticamente despercebidos ao estudante, que se limita a decorá-los. Recuperar tais elementos neste estudo encontra razão porque são justamente eles que determinam o valor argumentativo dos enunciados.
Transposição do olhar: notas sobre a teoria da adaptação
Authors: De Sousa Saulo Lopes , Soares Deivanira Vasconcelos
Published: May 2021

O artigo se propõe a revisar criticamente a bibliografia dos principais estudos referentes ao complexo âmbito da adaptação, seus intercursos e meandros, a fim de sondar as características e os processos do fazer adaptativo, bem como refletir sobre a espinhosa questão da fidelidade. É possível se pensar o traslado da literatura para a imagem-som não como simples enquadramento/adequação de um código a outro, mas como uma transposição, pensada como arranjos ou adaptações de gêneros, portanto promotora de sentidos.
Percy Shelley lê Charlotte Dacre: similaridades e divergências entre Zofloya, or the Moor (1806) e Zastrozzi, a romance (1810)
Authors: Pope Ramos Paula
Published: May 2021

Este artigo destaca a relação presente entre o romance gótico de Charlotte Dacre, Zofloya, or the Moor (1806), e o de Percy Shelley, Zastrozzi: a romance (1810), a fim de constatar a importante contribuição da autora à produção literária da época, sobretudo a de poética gótica, bem como redimir o histórico silêncio crítico que a cerca. Muito é dito sobre as influências góticas na escrita do poeta, de modo que Dacre é ocasionalmente mencionada. Isto, no entanto, limita-se a uma abordagem superficial ou apenas de caráter documental. Assim, torna-se necessário resgatar a autora do obscurantismo que envolve o seu nome, bem como introduzi-la em um cânone literário majoritariamente masculino com o intuito de garantir-lhe mais diversidade.
O processo de afirmação da identidade negra em O Black Power de Akin de Kiusam de Oliveira e ilustração de Rodrigo Andrade
Authors: Passos Leandro , Passos Luana
Published: May 2021

Este artigo propõe-se a analisar de que modo o/a som/palavra articulada da linguagem literária, o traço, a linha e as cores da ilustração constroem, na obra O Black Power de Akin, o processo de construção da identidade negra positiva. Para tanto, serão utilizados os estudos de Souriau (1965), de Duarte (2008), de Debus (2017), de Munanga (2006) e de Gomes (2006). Outros pesquisadores também serão utilizados neste artigo.
O feminino pulsante no videoclipe Afeminada de CTRL+N
Authors: Figueiredo Adriana Do Carmo , Arcanjo Fábio Ávila
Published: May 2021

Afeminada é uma obra artística focada na resistência. No entanto, resistência contra o quê? A dupla paraense CTRL+N elenca de um lado a heteronormatividade repressora, e de outro lado, o condicionamento comportamental construído no interior da comunidade LGBT+ como adversários a serem enfrentados. Para combater esse estado de coisas, a dupla disponibilizou um videoclipe que lança mão de duas estratégias discursivas: a plasticidade axiológica, fundamentada em Paveau (2015) e a ironia, problematizada em Machado (2014). Importante destacar a noção de imaginários sociodiscursivos, proposta por Charaudeau (2013), que perpassa o acionamento das estratégias mencionadas. Esta é a trajetória teórica e metodológica da nossa pesquisa que abordará ainda algumas discussões sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos.
A difusão de imaginários sociodiscursivos relacionados a gênero por intermédio das inferências na publicidade: uma proposta de análise semiolinguística
Authors: De Rezende Raquel Monteiro , Da Silva Janayna Rocha
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo pretende, sob a luz dos conceitos da Teoria Semiolinguística, fundada por Patrick Charaudeau, analisar como as inferências contidas no discurso publicitário contribuem para a difusão de imaginários sociodiscursivos. Após breve explanação teórica pertinente à análise, será examinado um corpus composto por quatro anúncios de perfumes de O Boticário voltados especificamente para os públicos feminino e masculino, sendo dois exemplares relativos a cada caso. A partir de tal análise, será observado quais imaginários concernentes às questões de gênero podem ser identificados em tais propagandas e como, consequentemente, a publicidade colabora com a manutenção dessas representações.
Quick goodbyes
Authors: Martland Rebecca
Published: May 2021

While settling in processes once unfolded over weeks they can now be little more than ‘doorstep’ handovers. How can practitioners ensure that children's needs are met and parents have opportunities to discuss sensitive, confidential issues?
Under a canopy
Authors: White Hilary
Published: May 2021

Use the rainforest as inspiration for investigating the colours of nature and creating a variety of different patterns and textures. Use creative resources to help children understand why it must be protected.
Find your wonderland
Authors: Davies Sarah
Published: May 2021

Immerse children in the surreal world of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, introducing its characters and story as a springboard for their own imaginative play and exploration of concepts of time.
Flea beetles of the West Indies: new combinations and new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)

Authors: KONSTANTINOV ALEXANDER S.
Published: May 2021

As a result of changes in the flea beetle classification in the last 20 years, the following new combinations are proposed for West Indian flea beetles: Acallepitrix nigrita (Jacoby 1897) comb. nov., Centralaphthona crucifera (Blake 1964) comb. nov., Centralaphthona grenadensis (Jacoby 1897) comb. nov., Centralaphthona inornata (Blake 1949) comb. nov., Centralaphthona insularis (Blake 1964) comb. nov., Centralaphthona lepta (Blake 1964) comb. nov., Centralaphthona nana (Blake 1949) comb. nov., Centralaphthona ruficollis (Blake 1970) comb. nov., Centralaphthona salaisa (Bechyné 1956) comb. nov., Centralaphthona schwarzi (Blake 1949) comb. nov., Dibolia dissita (Blake 1931) comb. nov., Erinaceialtica antennata (Medvedev 2004) comb. nov., Gioia crassicornis (Baly 1877) comb. nov., Homoschema auripennis (Suffrian 1868) comb. nov., Homoschema compressa (Suffrian 1868) comb. nov., Hypolampsis ferruginea (Suffrian 1868) comb. nov., Monomacra pallens (Fabricius 1792) comb. nov., Parchicola androsensis (Blake 1946) comb. nov., Parchicola religata (Jacquelin du Val 1857) comb. nov., Syphrea pauxilla (Suffrian 1868) comb. nov. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Cyrsylus volkameriae (Fabricius 1792), Gioia crassicornis (Baly 1877), Homoschema auripennis (Suffrian 1868), Homoschema compressa (Suffrian 1868), Hypolampsis ferruginea (Suffrian 1868), Monomacra pallens (Fabricius 1792), Syphrea pauxilla (Suffrian 1868). The following new species are described from the Dominican Republic: Cyrsylus lasabejas sp. nov. (Sierra de Baoruco, Las Abejas); Dibolia sierradebaoruco sp. nov. (Sierra de Baoruco, Casete 1); Gioia elcachote sp. nov. (Barahona Province, El Cachote); Syphrea baoruco sp. nov. (Sierra de Baoruco, Las Abejas). New species and representatives of the genera – recipients of new combinations are illustrated. Key words: Dominican Republic, habitat, host plant, leaf beetles, Neotropical Region, new taxa
Laser applications to chemical, security, and environmental analysis: introduction to the feature issue
Authors: Beyrau Frank , Bood Joakim , Hsu Paul , Kiefer Johannes , Seeger Thomas , Stauffer Hans
Published: May 2021

This Applied Optics feature issue on laser applications to chemical, security, and environmental analysis (LACSEA) highlights papers presented at the LACSEA 2020 Seventeenth Topical Meeting sponsored by The Optical Society (OSA).
Non-invasive transabdominal measurement of placental oxygenation: a step toward continuous monitoring
Authors: Nguyen Thien , Khaksari Kosar , Khare Siddharth M. , Park Soongho , Anderson Afrouz A. , Bieda Janine , Jung Eunjung , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Romero Roberto , Gandjbakhche Amir H.
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to assess transabdominal placental oxygenation levels non-invasively. A wearable device was designed and tested in 12 pregnant women with an anterior placenta, 5 of whom had maternal pregnancy complications. Preliminary results revealed that the placental oxygenation level is closely related to pregnancy complications and placental pathology. Women with maternal pregnancy complications were found to have a lower placental oxygenation level (69.4% ± 6.7%) than those with uncomplicated pregnancy (75.0% ± 5.8%). This device is a step in the development of a point-of-care method designed to continuously monitor placental oxygenation and to assess maternal and fetal health.
“What can her body do?” Reducing weight stigma by appreciating another person’s body functionality
Authors: Alleva Jessica M. , Karos Kai , Meadows Angela , Waldén Moon I. , Stutterheim Sarah E. , Lissandrello Francesca , Atkinson Melissa J.
Published: May 2021

Objective

Weight stigma is prevalent across multiple life domains, and negatively affects both psychological and physical health. Yet, research into weight stigma reduction techniques is limited, and rarely results in reduced antipathy toward higher-weight individuals. The current pre-registered study investigated a novel weight stigma reduction intervention. We tested whether a writing exercise focusing on body functionality (i.e., everything the body can do, rather than how it looks) of another person leads to reductions in weight stigma.

Method

Participants were 98 women (Mage = 23.17, Range = 16–63) who viewed a photograph of a higher-weight woman, “Anne,” and were randomised to complete a writing exercise either describing what “Anne’s” body could do (experimental group) or describing her home (active control group). Facets of weight stigma were assessed at pretest and posttest.

Results

At posttest, the experimental group evidenced higher fat acceptance and social closeness to “Anne” compared with the active control group. However, no group differences were found in attribution complexity, responsibility, and likeability of “Anne”.

Conclusions

A brief body functionality intervention effectively reduced some, but not all, facets of weight stigma in women. This study provides evidence that functionality-focused interventions may hold promise as a means to reduce weight stigma.
Targeted antiviral treatment using non-ionizing radiation therapy for SARS-CoV-2 and viral pandemics preparedness: Technique, methods and practical notes for clinical application
Authors: Barbora Ayan , Minnes Refael
Published: May 2021

Objective

Pandemic outbreaks necessitate effective responses to rapidly mitigate and control the spread of disease and eliminate the causative organism(s). While conventional chemical and biological solutions to these challenges are characteristically slow to develop and reach public availability; recent advances in device components operating at Super High Frequency (SHF) bands (3–30 GHz) of the electromagnetic spectrum enable novel approaches to such problems.

Methods

Based on experimentally documented evidence, a clinically relevant in situ radiation procedure to reduce viral loads in patients is devised and presented. Adapted to the currently available medical device technology to cause viral membrane fracture, this procedure selectively inactivates virus particles by forced oscillations arising from Structure Resonant Energy Transfer (SRET) thereby reducing infectivity and disease progression.

Results

Effective resonant frequencies for pleiomorphic Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is calculated to be in the 10–17 GHz range. Using the relation y = -3.308x + 42.9 with x and y representing log10 number of virus particles and the clinical throat swab Ct value respectively; in situ patient–specific exposure duration of ~15x minutes can be utilized to inactivate up to 100% of virus particles in the throat-lung lining, using an irradiation dose of 14.5 ± 1 W/m2; which is within the 200 W/m2 safety standard stipulated by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).

Conclusions

The treatment is designed to make patients less contagious enhancing faster recoveries and enabling timely control of a spreading pandemic.

Advances in knowledge

The article provides practically applicable parameters for effective clinical adaptation of this technique to the current pandemic at different levels of healthcare infrastructure and disease prevention besides enabling rapid future viral pandemics response.
When to sell the ill cow?
Authors: Bánhelyi Balázs , Csendes Tibor , Mester Abigél , Mikó Józsefné , Horváth József
Published: May 2021

In Hungary hundreds of thousands of cows produce milk for us. A common disease of them is mastitis that influences their productivity and profitability substantially. The usual practice is to decide on a rule of thumb basis whether the ill cow should be kept or sold. E.g. they are kept till the fifth mastitis case occurs. The present study investigates this problem from a mathematical modelling point of view. The relative amount of the possible lost profit is in the order of magnitude of 10s of percentages, which is quite large, especially regarding the profitability outlooks of the dairy branch.
The problem lies in the personal relationship of the farmers to the cows, and in the complexity of the estimation of the uncertain future scenarios. We present a model that is based on collected historical data on the distribution of several model parameters such as the length of the illness, the amount of medicine needed, the number of inseminations required to get into the next lactation cycle etc. The applied methodology is microsimulation (i.e. we simulate all possible events one-by-one) and stochastic optimization. Our typical result is a suggested decision on the basis of the expected value of the profit/loss for the given animal.
We report on the first results that confirm our research expectations in terms of improvement of the business decision. The ongoing research will focus on a recommendation system type data mining technology that can utilize the local specialties of the actual dairy farm in question, and to validate the additional advantage involved in it.
Material stocks and flows of extensive cattle production
Authors: Kádár Szilárd
Published: May 2021

The current climate change and population boom is the result of the technical developments that aroused by the industrial revolution and the Second Word War. The food shortage arising from that steadily increase poses several problem for agriculture which is exacerbated by the ineffectual operation of the food processing industry. To cover the required amount of food leads higher greenhouse gas emission than CO2 like CH4 and N2O. Considering this fact I kept it important to find a solution that can be inserted in our countries facility and which is independent from soil usage.
The importance of the cattle breeding sector is that it doesn’t require those agricultural lands which could also serve human’s need.
I will examine the impact of the extensive cattle with material flow analysis, which is able to show the flows of the specific materials in a given place and in a given time. This calculation is not used count with the pollution and economic factors of the materials.
According to my survey the results show that the examined farms needs 4,72; 4,64; 0,24 kg of material stock per one kg of meat to maintain the production. This production needs average 10-13 kg of dry matter input, of which major content is grass. As an unintended emission CO2 emission is also generated: The generated amount of CO2 depends on the Farm structure: in average 11,32; 16,02; 16,76 kg CO2 / meat kg.
To make comparable results it demands weighted averages. That means to make material flow analysis result like feed intake and CO2 emission needs to be weighted with the time which is needed for the production.
It can be claimed that the total CO2 emission of an adult cattle is over 30 kg per one kg of meat, and there are no methods to decrease it. But on the other hand the usage of stocks can be reduced by different methods.
The first is the number of the livestock could be increased because it will also increase the efficiency of natural resource usage. On the other hand we can help the farms to co-operate with each other. It allows them to share their stocks. And the last solution is to make multifunctional farms which can produce plants and animals at the same time.
Despite of the high rate of productions’ CO2 emission it is still competitive against intensive cattle, owing to the low rate of natural resource requirements
Young farmers and sustainable development
Authors: Privóczki Zoltán István , Borbély Csaba , Bodnár Károly
Published: May 2021

Agriculture, including land cultivation and livestock breeding, still has an important part in preserving the quality of life of the rural population in Hungary. Therefore, it is an important break-out point of the aging domestic agricultural sector to recover the willingness of "young farmers" for agricultural production. The restructuring of the agricultural society by qualifications, age, gender, and the chosen production form is still in progress at present. Thus, it is a national economic interest, and also a task to ensure a steady supply of young farmers. Farming in the spirit of sustainable development is a multi-actor field where learning imposes responsibility not only on the young farmers themselves but also on the groups continuously training them. This value-creating knowledge, work and experience are essential to be handed down from generation to generation. A spectacular growth can be achieved on the farms controlled by professionally well qualified farmers with a sustainable farming approach, thus better contribute to the development of the country. Sustainable management will not remain theoretical knowledge only, but also integrates into everyday life and will be the base of the farming business.
Buying local? Who, what, why?
Authors: Dumitrescu Carmen Simona
Published: May 2021

The National Rural Development Programme for the period 2014-2020 through its priorities and interest domains refers to local products and short supply chains in order to increase the competitiveness of local primary producers and the added value of agro-alimentary and non-alimentary products, and to promote on local markets through short supply chains, producers groups and organizations. Local food can have many benefits for the actors involved in the short supply chain, more precisely producers, middlemen and  consumers, but also for the local economy in its all.
The local market from Timisoara is provided by many local producers from rural area that are producing and selling a varied number of alimentary and non-alimentary products. The case study is oriented towards the brief analysis of alimentary local products’ consumers and its aim is to realise a profile of local food consumer through underlining the aspects regarding the reasons why they are buying such products, the place from where they buy, but also aspects regarding the implications and benefits the consume can have.
Presence and role of miner mentality in settlement development of Recsk
Authors: Gubacsi Franciska
Published: May 2021

Recsk became central in the non-ferrous metal mining of the Mátra hill. The change of regime in Hungary and shutdown of the ore mine had a lot of negative impacts on social and economic sectors. Unemployment is high in this area and there are only a few profitable companies. The mining had affected significantly on community spirit. Nowadays mining is very uncertain development opportunity in the life of the settlement.
In my recent study I strive to explore new ways and chances, which clearly point to the complexity of the situation. I used several research methods of social sciences. In my study I compare the concept of miner spirit before deterioration of mining, its presence and role in the settlement development.
I formulated a few preliminary assumptions. The mining spirit has less prominent force in community shaping. According to changing social environments, future visions of the settlement and community have been transformed.
Recsk is located at Northern Hungary, Heves County, Pétervására small region. In my study I made practical and complex surveys (individual and focus group interviews, widespread questionnaire examination, calculations, field trips, overview of professional studies)
Changes generated negative economic and social situations, but Recsk has important role in the neighbourhood. The interviews also confirmed deep social and existensial crisis in the life of people. The mining such as future potential possibility is far from younger age group. The mining spirit still lives by the traditions of the village. Based on my variance and other calculations, experience, binding to the settlement had a positive result, but it is not in relationship with miner spirit in the local community.
Based on the results, the miner mentality concerned several society groups. It is necessary to stabilize community and social circumstances. Nowadays mining spirit is existing in local population, but mostly in cultural field. Recsk needs to wide community cooperation and develop its partnership interactions
Comparative analysis of body weight and condition in two brown hare populations
Authors: Farkas Péter , Majzinger István
Published: May 2021

The condition of the populations are useful parameters for the reasonable game management. In this study the physical condition of Brown hare stocks (Lepus europaeus, Pallas 1785) was analyzed, measured body weight (BW) and determined kidney fat index (KFI). These methods were applied during our survey in the hunting period of 2014/15 and 2015/16. In total 272 (123 male and 149 female) samples were collected from two hunting areas in Great Plain (from County Békés and Jász-Nagykun Szolnok). The aim of our work was to collect data concerning the conditions of the populations. All hares was sexed and classified in 2 age groups (young <1years), and (old> 1years). The age was established by Stroh-mark in the hunting field and by dried eye lenses in the laboratory. BW and the weight of the kidney and perirenal fat was measured and the data were statistically analysed (group statistics, Levene’s test for Equality of Variances and, t-tests for Equality of Means). As a result of our examination the range of KFI was 1.25-5.14. The weight of perirenal fat was between 2-34gramm.KFI was greater in females than males. The average BW of the hares in every age groups were less than it is according to literature dates, however the conditions of the hares were good and in very good in both hunting areas. The BW and the amount of the perirenal fat in adult female hares were the greatest.
Eye-tracking analysis of leafy vegetables
Authors: Boros Ildikó Fruzsina , Sipos László , Gere Attila
Published: May 2021

There is a great supply of leafy vegetables on the market; hence capturing consumer’s attention (and decision) is critically important. Several scientific publications deal with consumer choices and the newest technology to capture consumer attention is eye-tracking. Eye-trackers are commonly used in Western Europe and Asia also, where it is an important and widely-used tool during product developments and the creation of marketing strategies. In Hungary, there are only a few publications about eye-tracking applications in vegetable growing and food industry. In our research, photographs about sorrel, lamb lettuce, spinach, leaf lettuce and dandelion leafs were analysed by eye-tracking technology and the eye movements of the participants during their decision making process of leafy vegetables were captured and evaluated. The eye-tracking analyses were carried out in the Sensory Laboratory of the Faculty of Food Sciences of Szent István University, using a Tobii X2-60 eye-tracker and Tobii Studio (version 3.0.5, Tobii Technology AB, Sweden) software. We aimed to answer the following research questions: Are there any connections between the eye movements of participants and their decisions? What amount of visual attention can be registered during the decision making process? Furthermore, the following metrics were measured and evaluated: fixation durations on the leafy vegetables, number of returns to products, pathways of visual attention, time until the final decision making and motivation of their final decisions. Measurement of the subconscious consumer decision making processes is way easier using eye-trackers compared to the traditional questionnaire-based methods, because it is hard or impossible to control our eye movements. Eye-tracking can be used successfully for understanding the expectations and decisions of the consumers.
Some effects of nationwide small ruminant breeding project under the breeder conditions on goat flocks and their owner
Authors: Saatci Mustafa , Elmaz Özkan , Akbaş Aykut Asım , Ağaoğlu Özgecan Korkmaz , Sari Mehmet , Metin Mahiye Özçelik
Published: May 2021

The nationwide small ruminant breeding project under the breeder condition has been started in the year of 2005. The project planned to solve some of the problems related with small ruminant breeding system. Especially, to find the solution for inadequate productivity, lack of organisation, insufficient collaborations, low education, and unreliable registration system were the main parts of the mentioned project. Project planned with sub-projects according to districts and breeds. At the beginning, project started with sheep flocks, and then goats were included. Local sheep and goats associations were involved the project. Project personals were chosen and educated according to project rules. Also, meetings were organised with the selected breeders and the breeders were informed about the projects and their duties. In our region we were examined the goat flocks from the year of 2011 to at the end of 2016. During the period of the project some increases on the live weights of the animals have been detected. Also, breeders directly or indirectly had education about their job. At the end of the scheme, some of the positive effects of the project have been observed on the lives of breeders, goats, collaborations and market situations.
Chemical and microbiological characteristic of silomaize ensiled with some lactic acid bacteria strains
Authors: Péter Szűcs Judit , Süli Ágnes , Süli-Zakar Tímea , Berecz Elizabet , Pék Máté
Published: May 2021

The object of the trial was to study the effect of some lactic acid bacteria strains on the chemical composition, energy- and metabolisable protein (MP) content, microbiological characteristics and in-silo weight and dry matter losses of whole crop maize silages.
The whole plant maize raw material was 32% DM, in soft cheddar stage of grain ripeness. It was ensiled in 4.2 litre capacity glass micro-size silos in 5 replicates /each treatment and stored on constant 25 °C room temperature on day 95. The average packing desity was 211kg DM/m3
The applied treatments: 1. Untreated control, 2. Enterococcus faecium 100.000 CFU/g FM, 3. Lactobacillus plantarum 50.000 CFU/g + Enterococcus faecium 50.000 CFU/g, 4. Lactococcus lactis 100.000 CFU/g,

Lactobacillus plantarum 50.000 CFU + Lactococcus lactis 50.000 CFU/g, 6. Lactobacillus plantarum 100.000 CFU

The main experiences are the following:

Chemical composition of whole crop maize silages treated by lactic acid bacteria strains are significantly differed from the control in some cases on P 5% level but the nutritive value (energy and MP content) of silages did not change significantly compare to the control untreated silage.
Number of yeast and mould CFU of control silage was the highest (4.5 x 104 CFU/g FM) among all kind of treated ones, which was significant on P 1% level.
Weight loss and DM loss were lower in all of the lactic acid bacteria treated silages in general than it was measured in the control silage. Least weight loss and one-third of DM loss was detected in Lactobacillus plantarum 000 CFU/g treated silage among all kind of silages.
Investigation of phenological development of some ephemeral annual ornamental plants in regard to nitrogen application
Authors: Ecseri Károly , Ágoston János , Hüvely Attila , Pető Judit , Honfi Péter
Published: May 2021

Nitrogen sensitivity of Cyanus segetum Hill. (cornflower), Consolida regalis GRAY. (larkspur) and Papaver rhoeas L. (poppy) was investigated in outdoor experiment with ammonium-nitrate fertilizer application. The aim of our study was to prove the harmful effect of fertilization on segetal vegetation degradation.
The examination method based on horizontal and vertical plant parameters, on phenological stages comparison.
The height of poppy was decreased significantly when 240 kg/ha nitrogen was applied. Significant vegetative growth was detected on the other two species investigated especially higher doses of nitrogen application. Nitrogen application had an adverse effect on cornflower stem strength. Stress tolerance of poppies was decreased in the highest application. The other two species was not detected any biotic or abiotic damage compared to the control and treated plots