bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As posturas de estudantes do ensino médio diante de um tema que gera conflito entre ciência e crença: a origem da vida
Authors: Nascimento Núbia Costa , Almeida Rosiléia Oliveira de
Published: June 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a análise das posturas de estudantes do Ensino Médio, de diferentes crenças, frente ao conhecimento científico sobre origem da vida. Para isso utilizou-se um questionário no início do ano letivo e outro ao final. Foi observado que, ao serem indagados sobre como explicariam a origem da vida, os estudantes expressaram conhecimentos que podem ser classificados em quatro categorias: apenas científico; apenas religioso, científico e religioso, isoladamente; científico e religioso, de forma mesclada. No questionário inicial a maioria dos estudantes mobilizou principalmente ideias criacionistas e, no questionário final, continuou se referindo ao criacionismo, mas combinando-o a uma teoria científica. Tal resultado indica que as crenças não foram mudadas devido às aulas de ciências, mas que o conhecimento científico passou a coexistir com as ideias religiosas como uma explicação plausível.Palavras chave: Ciência, religião, postura, aprendizagem, origem da vida.
Educação indígena e o ensino de Ciências e Biologia: uma investigação sobre sujeitos e aprendizagens plurais
Authors: Monteiro Lara de Macedo , Ramos Luis Felipe Costa , Moreira Luiza Saturnino Braga , Côrtes Thainá Rangel , Borba Rodrigo Cerqueira do Nascimento
Published: June 2020

A Educação Indígena caracteriza-se por sua amplitude e pluralidade, condizentes com os povos, culturas e linguagens que o Brasil abrange. Assim, apesar de determinados documentos e diretrizes prescreverem como deve ser a Educação Básica de sujeitos indígenas, existe um extenso mosaico de práticas possíveis. No presente artigo, buscamos compreender configurações curriculares que podem ser assumidas pelas disciplinas Ciências e Biologia no espaço escolar indígena. Através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores indígenas e não indígenas atuantes em diferentes etnias, constatamos e analisamos grande diversidade de práticas pedagógicas. Argumentamos pela incorporação e reafirmação dos saberes tradicionais nas/pelas disciplinas focalizadas, além da inclusão da comunidade nas decisões escolares.
Contemporary Practices of Citizenship in Asia and the West
Authors: Bracken Gregory , Minost Martin , Hälbig Vera Marie , Ten Victoria , Ikkurthy Srivalli Pradeepthi , Johri Rachana , Wong Yee Lam Elim , Srinivasa Susheelabai R. , Pasupuleti Sudershan , Alleblas Joost , Dorrestijn Steven
Published: June 2020

Contemporary Practices of Citizenship in Asia and the West: Care of the Self examines urban communities and societies in Asia and the West to shed much-needed light on issues that have emerged as the world experiences its new urban turn. An urbanized world should be an improving place, one that is better to live in, one where humans can flourish. This collection of essays examines contemporary practices of care of the self in cities in Asia and the West, including challenges to citizenship and even the right to the city itself. Written by a range of academics from different backgrounds (from architecture and urbanism, anthropology, social science, psychology, gender studies, history, and philosophy), their trans- and multidisciplinary approaches shed valuable light on what are sometimes quite old problems, leading to fresh perspectives and new ways of dealing with them. One thing that unites all of these papers is their people-centred approach, because, after all, a city is its people.
Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform
Authors: Cussen Bryan
Published: June 2020

When Paul III was elected in 1534, hopes arose across Christendom that this pope would at last reform and reunite the Church. During his fifteen-year reign, though, Paul's engagement with reform was complex and contentious. A work of cultural history, this book explores how cultural narratives of honour and tradition, including how honour played out in politics, significantly constrained Pope Paul and his chosen reformers in framing strategies for change. Indeed, the reformers' programme would have undermined the culture of honour and weakened Rome's capacity to ward off current threats of invasion. The study makes a provocative case that Paul called the Council of Trent to contain reform rather than promote it. Nevertheless, Paul and the Council did sow seeds of reform that eventually became central to the Counter-Reformation. This book thus sheds new light on a pope whose relationship to reform has long been regarded as an enigma.
Framing Power in Visigothic Society
Authors: Dell' Elicine Eleonora , Martin Céline , Resdice Dolores , Elfassi Jacques , Tejerizo García Carlos , Pliego Ruth , Vallejo Margarita
Published: June 2020

This volume examines how power was framed in Visigothic society and how a diverse population with a complex and often conflicting cultural inheritance was thereby held together as a single kingdom. Indeed, through this dynamic process a new, early medieval society emerged. Understanding this transformation is no simple matter, as it involved the deployment of an array of political and cultural resources: the production of knowledge, the appropriation of Patristic literature, controlling and administering rural populations, reconceptualizing the sacred, capital punishment and exile, controlling the manufacture of currency, and defining Visigothic society in relation to other polities such as the neighbouring Byzantine state. In order to achieve an analysis of these different phenomena, this volume brings together researchers from a variety of disciplines. This interdisciplinary approach therefore expands the available sources and reformulates topics of traditional scholarship in order to engage with a renewal of Visigothic Studies and reformulate the paradigm of study itself. As a result, this volume rethinks frameworks of power in the Peninsula along not only historical and archaeological but also anthropological terms, presenting the reader with a new understanding of Iberian society as a whole.
Frontier Tibet
Authors: Schendel Willem , Harris Tina , Gros Stéphane , Buffetrille Katia , Mortens Eric , Bray John , Ernstmeyer Mark , Relyeas Scott , Giersch Pat , Jagou Fabienne , Mortensen Dáša , Cho Yasmin , McGranahan Carole , Turek Maria , Galli Lucia
Published: June 2020

Frontier Tibet: Patterns of Change in the Sino-Tibetan Borderlands addresses a historical sequence that sealed the future of the Sino-Tibetan borderlands. It considers how starting in the late nineteenth century imperial formations and emerging nation-states developed competing schemes of integration and debated about where the border between China and Tibet should be. It also ponders the ways in which this border is internalised today, creating within the People’s Republic of China a space that retains some characteristics of a historical frontier. The region of eastern Tibet called Kham, the focus of this volume, is a productive lens through which processes of place-making and frontier dynamics can be analysed. Using historical records and ethnography, the authors challenge purely externalist approaches to convey a sense of Kham’s own centrality and the agency of the actors involved. They contribute to a history from below that is relevant to the history of China and Tibet, and of comparative value for borderland studies.
Rapid reduction in black carbon emissions from China: evidence from 2009–2019 observations on Fukue Island, Japan
Authors: Kanaya Yugo , Yamaji Kazuyo , Miyakawa Takuma , Taketani Fumikazu , Zhu Chunmao , Choi Yongjoo , Komazaki Yuichi , Ikeda Kohei , Kondo Yutaka , Klimont Zbigniew
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A long-term, robust observational record of atmospheric
black carbon (BC) concentrations at Fukue Island for 2009–2019 was produced by unifying the data from a continuous soot monitoring system (COSMOS) and a Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP). This record was then used to analyze emission trends from China. We identified a rapid reduction in BC concentrations of (-5.8±1.5) % yr−1 or −48 % from 2010 to 2018. We concluded that an emission change of (-5.3±0.7) % yr−1, related to changes in China of as much as −4.6 % yr−1, was the main underlying driver. This evaluation was made after correcting for the interannual meteorological variability (IAV) by using the regional atmospheric chemistry model simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models (collectively WRF/CMAQ) with the constant emissions. This resolves the current fundamental disagreements about the sign of the BC emissions trend from China over the past decade as assessed from bottom-up emission inventories. Our analysis supports inventories reflecting the governmental clean air actions after 2010 (e.g., MEIC1.3, ECLIPSE versions 5a and 6b, and the Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 3.1) and recommends revisions to those that do not (e.g., Community Emissions Data System – CEDS). Our estimated emission trends were
fairly uniform across seasons but diverse among air mass origins. Stronger BC reductions, accompanied by a reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, occurred in regions of south-central East China, while weaker BC reductions occurred in north-central East China and northeastern China. Prior to 2017, the BC and CO emissions trends
were both unexpectedly positive in northeastern China during winter months,
which possibly influenced the climate at higher latitudes. The pace of the estimated
emissions reduction over China surpasses the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs with reference to SSP1, specifically) scenarios for 2015–2030, which suggests highly successful
emission control policies. At Fukue Island, the BC fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) also steadily decreased over the last decade. This suggests that reductions in BC emissions started without significant delay when compared to other pollutants such as NOx and SO2, which are among the key precursors of scattering PM2.5.
Comparing lightning observations of the ground-based European lightning location system EUCLID and the space-based Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) on the International Space Station (ISS)
Authors: Poelman Dieter R. , Schulz Wolfgang
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) on the International Space
Station (ISS), hereafter referred to as ISS-LIS, detects lightning from space by capturing the optical
scattered light emitted from the top of the clouds. The
ground-based European Cooperation for Lightning Detection (EUCLID) makes use
of the low-frequency electromagnetic signals generated by lightning
discharges to locate them accordingly. The objective of this work is to
quantify the similarities and contrasts between these two distinct
lightning detection technologies by comparing the EUCLID cloud-to-ground
strokes and intracloud pulses to the ISS-LIS groups in addition to the
correlation at the flash level. The analysis is based on the observations
made between 1 March 2017 and 31 March 2019 within the EUCLID network and
limited to 54∘ north. A Bayesian approach is adopted to determine
the relative and absolute detection efficiencies (DEs) of each system. It is
found that the EUCLID relative and absolute flash DE improves by
approximately 10 % towards the center of the EUCLID network up to a value
of 56.3 % and 69.0 %, respectively, compared to the averaged value
over the full domain, inherent to the network geometry and sensor
technology. In contrast, the relative and absolute ISS-LIS flash DE
over the full domain is 48.4 % and 71.3 %, respectively, and is
somewhat higher than the values obtained in the center of the EUCLID
network. The behavior of the relative DE of each system in terms of the
flash characteristics of the other reveals that the greater the value, the
more likely the other system will detect the flash. For instance, when the
ISS-LIS flash duration is smaller than or equal to 200 ms, the EUCLID relative
flash DE drops below 50 %, whereas it increases up to 80 % for ISS-LIS
flashes with a duration longer than 750 ms. Finally, the distribution of the diurnal DE indicates a higher DE for the ISS-LIS and a lower DE for EUCLID at night.
Stripping back the modern to reveal the Cenomanian–Turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath
Authors: Laugié Marie , Donnadieu Yannick , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Green J. A. Mattias , Bopp Laurent , Raisson François
Published: June 2020

Abstract. During past geological times, the Earth experienced several intervals of
global warmth, but their driving factors remain equivocal. A careful
appraisal of the main processes controlling past warm events is essential to
inform future climates and ultimately provide decision makers with a clear
understanding of the processes at play in a warmer world. In this context,
intervals of greenhouse climates, such as the thermal maximum of the
Cenomanian–Turonian (∼94 Ma) during the Cretaceous Period,
are of particular interest. Here we use the IPSL-CM5A2 (IPSL: Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace) Earth system model to
unravel the forcing parameters of the Cenomanian–Turonian greenhouse
climate. We perform six simulations with an incremental change in five major
boundary conditions in order to isolate their respective role on climate
change between the Cenomanian–Turonian and the preindustrial. Starting with
a preindustrial simulation, we implement the following changes in boundary
conditions: (1) the absence of polar ice sheets, (2) the increase in
atmospheric pCO2 to 1120 ppm, (3) the change in vegetation and soil parameters, (4) the 1 % decrease in the Cenomanian–Turonian value of the
solar constant and (5) the Cenomanian–Turonian palaeogeography. Between the
preindustrial simulation and the Cretaceous simulation, the model simulates
a global warming of more than 11 ∘C. Most of this warming is
driven by the increase in atmospheric pCO2 to 1120 ppm.
Palaeogeographic changes represent the second major contributor to global
warming, whereas the reduction in the solar constant counteracts most of
geographically driven warming. We further demonstrate that the
implementation of Cenomanian–Turonian boundary conditions flattens
meridional temperature gradients compared to the preindustrial simulation.
Interestingly, we show that palaeogeography is the major driver of the
flattening in the low latitudes to midlatitudes, whereas pCO2 rise and polar ice sheet retreat dominate the high-latitude response.
Temporal inventory of glaciers in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya: impacts of regional climate variability
Authors: Shukla Aparna , Garg Siddhi , Mehta Manish , Kumar Vinit , Shukla Uma Kant
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The importance of updated knowledge about the glacier extent and characteristics in the
Himalaya cannot be overemphasized. Availability of precise glacier
inventories in the latitudinally diverse western Himalayan region is
particularly crucial. In this study we have created an inventory of the Suru
sub-basin in the western Himalaya for the year 2017 using Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. Changes in
glacier parameters have also been monitored from 1971 to 2017 using temporal
satellite remote-sensing data and limited field observations. Inventory data
show that the sub-basin has 252 glaciers covering 11 % of the basin,
having an average slope of 25±6∘ (standard deviations
have
been italicized throughout the text)
and dominantly north
orientation. The average snow line altitude (SLA) of the basin is 5011±54 m a.s.l. with smaller (47 %) and cleaner (43 %) glaciers occupying
the bulk area. Long-term climate data (1901–2017) show an increase in the
mean annual temperature (Tmax⁡ and Tmin⁡) of 0.77 ∘C (0.25 and 1.3 ∘C) in the sub-basin,
driving the overall glacier variability in the region. Temporal analysis
reveals a glacier shrinkage of ∼6±0.02 %, an
average retreat rate of 4.3±1.02 m a−1, debris increase of
62 % and a 22±60 m SLA increase in the past 46 years. This confirms their
transitional response between the Karakoram and the Greater Himalayan Range
(GHR) glaciers. Besides, glaciers in the sub-basin occupy two major ranges,
the GHR and Ladakh Range (LR), and experience local climate variability,
with the GHR glaciers exhibiting a warmer and wetter climate as compared to
the LR glaciers. This variability manifests itself in the varied response
of GHR and LR glaciers. While the GHR glaciers exhibit an overall rise in
SLA (GHR: 49±69 m; LR: decrease of 18±50 m), the LR glaciers
have deglaciated more (LR: 7 %; GHR: 6 %) with an enhanced accumulation
of debris cover (LR: 73 %; GHR: 59 %). Inferences from this study reveal
prevalence of glacier disintegration and overall degeneration, transition of
clean ice to partially debris-covered glaciers, local climate variability
and non-climatic (topographic and morphometric)-factor-induced heterogeneity
in glacier response as the major processes operating in this region. The
Shukla et al. (2019) dataset is accessible at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904131.
Numerical study of the initial condition and emission on simulating PM2.5 concentrations in Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions version 6.1 (CAMx v6.1): Taking Xi'an as example
Authors: Xiao Han , Wu Qizhong , Yang Xiaochun , Wang Lanning , Cheng Huaqiong
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A series of model sensitivity experiments is designed to explore the effects of different initial conditions and emissions in Xi'an in December 2016, which is a major city in the key area "Fen-Wei Plains" for air pollution control in China. Three methods were applied for the initial condition tests: clean initial mechanism, restart mechanism and continuous simulation. In clean initial mechanism test, the sensitivity experiments C00, C06, C12, C18, and C24 were conducted according to the intercepted time periods, and the results showed that the model performance of PM2.5 was better with the delay of the start time of the intercepted time periods. From experiments C00 to C24, the absolute mean bias (MB) decreased from 51.07 µg/m3 to 3.72 µg/m3 and the index of agreement (IOA) increased from 0.49 to 0.86, which illustrates that the model performance of C24 is much better than C00. In order to explore the restart mechanism, sensitivity experiments R1120 and R1124 were set according to the time of the first day for the model simulation. Although the start times of simulations were different, after a period of spin-up time, the simulation results with different start time were nearly consistent, the results showed that the spin-up time is about 27 hours. As for the continuous simulation test, CT12 and CT24 were conducted. The start time of the intercepted time periods for CT12 and R1120 were the same, and the simulation results were nearly identical. The simulation results of CT24 performed best in all the sensitivity experiments, with the correlation coefficient (R), MB, and IOA reaching 0.81, 6.29 µg/m3, and 0.90, respectively. For the emission tests, the updated local emission inventory with construction fugitive dust emissions have been added and compared to the simulation results of the original emission inventory. The simulation with the updated local emissions showed a much better performance on PM2.5 modelling. Therefore, combining the method of CT24 with the updated local emission inventory can nicely improve the model performance of PM2.5 in Xi'an, the absolute MB decreased from 35.16 µg/m3 to 6.29 µg/m3 and the IOA reached 0.90.
Structural control on fluid flow and shallow diagenesis: Insights from calcite cementation along deformation bands in porous sandstones
Authors: Del Sole Leonardo , Antonellini Marco , Soliva Roger , Ballas Gregory , Balsamo Fabrizio , Viola Giulio
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Porous sandstones are important reservoirs for geofluids. Interaction therein between deformation and cementation during diagenesis is critical since both processes can strongly reduce rock porosity and permeability, deteriorating reservoir quality. Deformation bands (DBs) and structural-related diagenetic bodies, here named Structural and Diagenetic Heterogeneities (SDH), have been recognized to negatively affect fluid flow at a range of scales and potentially lead to reservoir compartmentalization, influencing flow buffering and sealing during production. The hydraulic behavior of DBs is not yet fully constrained, and it remains poorly understood also how diagenetic processes interact with DBs to steer fluid flow mechanisms and evolution. In this contribution we present two field-based studies from Loiano (Northern Apennines, Italy) and Bollène (Provence, France) that contribute to elucidating the structural control exerted by DBs on fluid flow and diagenesis recorded by calcite nodules associated with the bands. We relied on careful field observations and a variety of multiscalar mapping techniques (photography, string mapping, and drone aerial photography), integrated with optical, scanning electron and cathodoluminescence microscopy, and stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O) analysis of nodules cement. In both case studies, at least one set of DBs precedes and controls selective cement precipitation. Cement texture and cathodoluminescence patterns, and their invariably negative δ13C and δ18O value ranges, suggest a meteoric environment for nodule formation. In Loiano, DBs acted as low-permeability barriers to fluid flow and promoted selective cement precipitation. In Bollène, clusters of DBs restricted fluid flow and focused diagenesis in parallel-to-band compartments. Our work shows how low-permeability DBs in porous sandstones can actually affect fluid flow and localize diagenetic processes (in the shallow crust) that, in turn, could further enhance the sealing capacity of these structural features.
Crystallographic analysis of temperate ice on Rhonegletscher, Swiss Alps
Authors: Hellmann Sebastian , Kerch Johanna , Weikusat Ilka , Bauder Andreas , Grab Melchior , Jouvet Guillaume , Schwikowski Margit , Maurer Hansruedi
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The crystal orientation fabric (COF) was studied at an ice core that was obtained from the temperate Rhonegletscher, located in the Central Swiss Alps. Seven samples, extracted at depths between 2 and 79 m, were analysed with an automatic fabric analyser. The COF analysis revealed conspicuous four-maxima patterns of the c-axis orientations at all depths. Additional data, such as microstructural images, produced during the ice sample preparation process, were considered to interpret these patterns. Furthermore, repeated high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveying allowed the local glacier flow direction to be determined. The relative movements of the individual surveying points indicated horizontal compressive stresses parallel to the glacier flow. Finally, numerical modelling of the ice flow permitted to estimate the local stress distribution. An integrated analysis of all the data sets provided an explanation for the observed four-maximum patterns in the COF. The average azimuths and colatitudes of the c-axes of the individual core samples align with the compressive stress directions obtained from numerical modelling. The clustering of the c-axes in four maxima surrounding the predominant compressive stress direction is most likely the result of a fast migration recrystallisation in combination with the presence of significant shear stresses. This interpretation is supported by air bubble analysis of the LASM images. Our results indicate that COF studies, which were so far predominantly performed at cold ice samples from the polar regions, can also provide valuable insights on the stress and strain distribution within temperate glaciers.
Noteworthy: News Briefs from PA Libraries
Authors: McGeary Bryan James
Published: June 2020

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Nubes de langosta africana. Prejuicios historiográficos sobre las dinastías beréberes (almorávides, almohades y meriníes)
Authors: García Sanjuán Alejandro
Published: June 2020

La historiografía, en particular la española, ha mostrado tradicionalmente fuertes prejuicios ideológicos a la hora de abordar el estudio de al-Andalus. Buena parte de los estereotipos más difundidos se vinculan al paradigma de la Reconquista, que ha ejercido una influencia hegemónica en España durante el período franquista (1936-1975) y que en la actualidad sigue gozando de una amplia difusión en el ámbito de los estudios medievales. En este trabajo se analizan algunos de los prejuicios negativos más habituales vinculados a dicho paradigma y relativos a la actuación en al-Andalus de las dinastías beréberes, almorávides, almohades y meriníes entre los siglos XI-XIV.
The Declaración by Maestre Juan el Viejo
Authors: Gutwirth Eleazar
Published: June 2020

The Declaración, by the converso Juan el Viejo, is an unpublished fifteenth century work in the genre of the Judeo-Christian polemic. It is not an indistinct miscellany but a highly structured work on a well defined text: Psalm 72, which it interprets verse by verse. The Declaración cannot be earlier than the same author’s Memorial. Views of Juan as “typical”, as a “type”, recall some of the problematics of converso typology since the nineteenth century. Most of the ideas from Christian sources in Juan seem to be conventional if not formulaic. Most readers of Juan avoid dealing with - the major consistent trait of his works- the Aramaic and Hebrew components; what Juan calls the “sabidores”. While there is the problem of unacknowledged intermediate sources there is also a proto philological bent in an author who avoids drawing purely on biblical translations and who confronts different versions. His Messianic/Christological bent is part of a tradition of reading that particular text but it coheres with his contemporaries’ predilections. Behind his arguments and formulations it is possible to detect unsuspected echoes of what he calls a life spent studying the “Old law”.
El arrendamiento de rentas regias como modalidad de préstamo. Una aproximación a los principales grupos financieros de la Castilla de los Reyes Católicos
Authors: Ortega Cera Ágatha
Published: June 2020

El propósito del presente trabajo es el de conceptualizar qué entendemos por élite de los arrendamientos, a quiénes vamos a agrupar bajo esta denominación y qué características comunes encontramos entre los grandes financieros que trabajaron al servicio de los Reyes Católicos. La relación contractual formalizada entre la Corona y estos grupos de poder a través del sistema del arrendamiento, entendido este, entre otros muchos elementos, como un sistema de préstamos, también será abordada en este artículo
La mirada fronteriza. La prensa satírica ilustrada con caricaturas como expresión de una visión radical en el siglo XIX
Authors: Gutiérrez Jiménez María Eugenia
Published: June 2020

Este texto toma los semanarios satíricos sevillanos El Tío Clarín (1864) y El Padre Adam (1868) como fuentes para desarrollar un marco histórico-filosófico desde donde analizar los orígenes culturales del género a partir del entrecruzamiento de tres elementos: la visión como área disciplinaria, la actitud de modernidad del ilustrador y la figuración de los espectadores en su proyección pública. Este planteamiento analiza de qué forma la prensa satírica con caricaturas posibilita, mediante una representación jocoseria del presente, desmitificar la ideología del progreso y enunciar al espectador como juez de los asuntos comunes. Así, la mirada fronteriza del ilustrador articula una visión radical del mundo social.
¿Narrativas para la guerra o para la paz? La fotografía como diacronía periodística
Authors: Baron Pulido Mireya
Published: June 2020

El artículo resalta la relación entre prácticas mediáticas fotográficas y prácticas sociohistóricas en diversos casos del mundo, durante los últimos 10 años, destacando las narrativas de guerra desde la fotografía y su rol en los procesos de construcción de paz. Se caracteriza la fotografía como dato periodístico, las metodologías que han resultado apropiadas para su análisis y los factores que pueden potenciar su valor comunicativo. Desde el marco metodológico, el artículo de revisión sistemática literaria RSL, se apoyó en fórmulas algorítmicas y utilizó como herramientas de búsqueda: Scopus, Mendeley y Vos Viewer. Como resultado, se invita a la praxis fotográfica por recuperar aquellas narrativas icónicas que prioricen la recuperación de una memoria para la paz.
Acerca de las prácticas artísticas participativas contemporáneas como catalizadoras de la sociabilización
Authors: Crespo-Martín Bibiana
Published: June 2020

Las prácticas artísticas de naturaleza participativa en el arte contemporáneo han propiciado que se constituyan como catalizadoras de sociabilización per se. Sus métodos para activar a la audiencia, las metodologías procesuales de colaboración y los grados de implicación del público pueden ser sumamente diferentes. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar distintos procederes de las praxis artísticas contemporáneas bajo postulados participativos de socialización. Se definen diversas tipologías participativas refrendadas por obras de artistas. Asimismo, se ofrecen reflexiones sobre el cambio de rol del artista y del público, la escisión de la creación objetual, el impacto social que pueden generar y su valor estético.
Isolation and identification of Bengle (Zingiber cassumunar roxb) as a stimulant in phagocytic activity of macrophages
Authors: Ramadhan Muhamad Fauzi , Mahfudh Nurkhasanah , Sulistyani Nanik
Published: June 2020

Immunomodulators are pharmacological agents that modify or regulate the immune system through stimulating the functioning of the immune system and, at the same time, inhibiting excessive immune responses. This study was conducted to determine the active compound in Z. cassumunar that is responsible for increasing the immune system based on the parameters of phagocytic activity. The isolation method began with fractionation, which involved extraction with ethanol and successive fractionation with hexane and chloroform. Z. cassumunar extract, hexane fraction, and chloroform fraction were tested on mice macrophage cells for their phagocytic functions. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was measured by active phagocytic cells (averagely 39.194 ±1.597, 27.923 ±2.941, and 62.090 ±6.947) and phagocytic index (in a row, averagely 47.513 ±2.844, 41.129 ±7.195, and 101.527 ±10.555). The results showed that the Z. cassumunar extract,  hexane fraction, and chloroform fraction exhibited more significant phagocytic activities of macrophages (p <0.05) compared with the normal group. Since the chloroform fraction showed the best result, this fraction was further separated by column chromatography. This procedure yielded five sub-fractions, namely F1, F2, F2C, F3, and F4. Based on the phagocytic activity testing, the results were as follows: (1) the active phagocytic cells of F1, F2, F2C, F3 and F4 were 18.860 ±3.191, 27.077 ±4.482, 15.749 ±3.026, 64.333 ±1.780, and 44.943 ±2.944, respectively, and (2) the phagocytic indices were 30.0249 ±3.4231, 44.5969 ±8.3646, 24.5597 ±5.4487, 102.7447 ±1.0806, and 76.5007 ±4.7293. Because F3 produced the best result, this subfraction was then identified using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The identification results showed that F3 was (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol as an active compound.
Comparative analysis of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in the fruits of Aronia spp.
Authors: Vinogradova Yulia , Vergun Olena , Grygorieva Olga , Ivanišová Eva , Brindza Ján
Published: June 2020

Chokeberry (Aronia Medik.) is a non-traditional fruit plant known as a rich source of biologically active compounds and inhibits the numerous biological activities. We compared the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of fruits between widely cultivated Aronia mitschurinii (AM-TCH, from Tchekhov district; AM-D, from Dmitrov district; AM-OZ, from Orekhovo-Zuevsky district of Moscow region, Russia) and introduced North American Aronia species (Aronia arbutifolia (AA-M), A. melanocarpa (AML-M), A. × prunifolia (AP-M), which have not been planted yet in the arboretum of Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). Studying samples were collected in their secondary distribution range. Ethanolic extracts were determined for antioxidant capacity (antioxidant activity by DPPH and phosphomolybdenum methods, the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids) and measured spectrophotometrically. As standards were used Trolox (TE) for antioxidant activities, gallic acid (GAE) for polyphenol content, quercetin (QE) for flavonoid content, caffeic acid (CAE) for phenolic acid content. The antioxidant activity by DPPH method in ethanol extracts of investigated plants was from 6.96 (AM-D) to 8.89 (AM-OZ) mg TE.g-1 DW. Reducing the power of investigated extracts exhibited activity from 151.47 (AM-OZ) to 297.8 (AA-M) mg TE.g-1 DW. The content of polyphenol compounds determined from 25.98 (AM-TCH) to 54.39 (AA-M) mg GAE.g-1 DW, phenolic acids content was from 7.76 (AP-M) to 11.87 (AM-D) mg CAE.g-1 DW and the content of flavonoids detected from 8.12 (AM-OZ) to 16.62 (AM-D) mg QE.-1 DW. Obtained data showed a strong correlation between the content of polyphenol compounds and reducing the power of extracts (r = 0.700), between flavonoids and phenolic acids (r = 0.771) and also between phenolic acids and reducing power (r = 0.753) in Aronia ethanol extracts. Fruits of investigated species of Aronia can be propagated as a source of polyphenol compounds with antioxidant activity and obtained results may use for farther pharmacological study.
Standardization of Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Authentication of Arapaima gigas fish
Authors: Araújo Wanessa Shuelen Costa , Moraes Carina Martins , Dantas Vanderson Vasconcelos , Oliveira Andrey Carlos Sacramento de , Roos Talita Bandeira , Martins Luiza Helena da Silva , Lourenço Lúcia De Fátima Henriques
Published: June 2020

Pirarucu is a freshwater fish that presents a great commercial value for being well accepted by the consumers and for showing excellent meat quality. The zoological identification of fisheries during industrial processing is harmed by the removal of external morphologic characteristics, facilitating fraudulent practices in commercialization. In this context, the identification at the molecular level is an important tool in the inspection and commercialization of the fishery. The DNA resists to the processing methods, like the salting, the most common way of commercializing the pirarucu. The Polymerase chain reaction, PCR assay, were applied in samples that suffered degradation or have gone under industrialization methods. This work aimed use the PCR technique as a tool to authenticate the Arapaima gigas species and to avoid possible frauds in commercially available products. The obtained data showed the efficiencies of the DNA extraction, the amplification of the target sequence, and identification of the genetic material through PCR. It is possible to conclude that the PCR technique that was standardized in the present study showed high sensibility, precision, and specificity for the detection of the genetic material of Arapaima gigas, constituting a useful tool for the monitoring and inspection during its commercialization.
Behavior of Soil Chemical Attributes in Field-Forest Succession in Southern Amazonas
Authors: Sales Maria Clécia Gomes , Brito Filho Elilson Gomes de , Campos Milton César Costa , Cunha José Maurício da , Silva Guilherme Abadia , Pinheiro Elyenayra Nogueira , Silva Douglas Marcelo Pinheiro da , Oliveira Flávio Pereira de , Souza Fernando Gomes de
Published: June 2020

The use of geostatistical methods in the identification of the size and structure of the spatial variability of soil chemical attributes has been a very important tool in the evaluation and behavior of soil attributes. This research aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of chemical attributes in natural field and forest areas, in the Humaitá region (AM). In these areas, meshes with dimensions of 70 m x 70 m were established at regular intervals of 10 minutes in the 0.0-0.2 m layers, totaling 64 samples per layer. It was determined: soil pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), aluminum (Al3+) and potential acidity (H++Al3+). Base saturation (V%) and sum of bases (SB) were calculated. The data were evaluated by descriptive statistics and spatial dependence analysis, based on the best models and semivariograms adjustment. The chemical attributes are spatially dependent, they present random distribution of ideal sample spacing, considering that the variables that showed dependence were adjusted to the exponential and spherical model. Geostatistic was presented as an appropriate tool, providing information that allows the understanding of the spatial distribution. The degree of dependence was strong and moderate. The highest reaches were recorded in the natural field area.
D and N are different nominalizers
Authors: Iordăchioaia Gianina
Published: June 2020

In this paper I argue for a split between NP and DP by showing that it accounts for crucial distinctions in the behavior of nominalizations. The NP-DP split is challenged not only by competing frameworks or theories that argue, for instance, that NPs and not DPs are selected. Another challenge comes from derivational theories that reject the existence of possibly covert lexical categorizers such as N and posit instead overt functional categorizers like Classifier and especially D for nominalizations. In this latter trend, it is the NP (not the DP) whose existence is questioned. This paper argues in favor of the lexical categorizer N and for D as a necessary but exceptional nominalizer.
CUIDADOS DE ENFERMERÍA BASADOS EN DOROTEA OREM EN RUPTURA PREMATURA DE MEMBRANA Y OLIGOAMNIOS
Authors: España Yessica Aracely , Miranda Baquedano Vilma Mercedes
Published: June 2020

La morbilidad materna y perinatal asociada a la ruptura prematura de membranas constituye un problema social y de salud importante, por lo que es primordial estimar su frecuencia y magnitud. Este artículo condensa las intervenciones de enfermería en paciente con ruptura prematura de membranas aplicando el proceso de atención de enfermería (PAE) orientado en la teoría de Dorothea Orem, la cual basa el autocuidado de acuerdo al nivel de dependencia para aplicar una intervención de enfermería obstétrica. La metodología utilizada es el estudio de caso que describe una patología y manejo de un problema el cual se intervino logrando la salud de la madre y su hijo. Participó una gestante de 19 años, con 29 semanas y 5 días de gestación, al valorarla ofreció información sobre su estado actual y antecedentes. Se realizó diagnóstico mediante prueba de helecho y reflejó ruptura prematura de membrana (RPM) que la llevó al oligoamnios, manifestando altura de fondo uterino (AFU) de 19 cm y amenaza de parto pretérmino (APP). El oligoamnios pone en riesgo el crecimiento adecuado del feto, por no ser un embarazo viable para recurrir a un parto. Se realizarón cuidados de enfermería dependientes, procurando un reposo absoluto; e interdependientes manteniendo un equilibrio hídrico, alimentación adecuada, tratando el estreñimiento, prevención de infección y manejo de la ansiedad que puede repercutir en el sueño y comodidad. La asiduidad de los cuidados de enfermería logra una respuesta positiva, al prologar la etapa de gestación hasta una maduración fetal viable para la vida.
Exploration Targeting in Porphyry Cu Systems Using Propylitic Mineral Chemistry: A Case Study of the El Teniente Deposit, Chile
Authors: Wilkinson Jamie J. , Baker Michael J. , Cooke David R. , Wilkinson Clara C.
Published: June 2020

The mineral chemistry of epidote and chlorite from the propylitic halo at El Teniente, in samples collected at distances up to 6.6 km from the deposit center, was determined by microprobe and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results show that both minerals systematically incorporated a range of trace elements that define a much larger footprint to the system than is easily recognized using conventional means such as whole-rock geochemistry. Apart from Fe and Mg in chlorite, there is no significant control of mineral chemistry by bulk-rock composition. For chlorite, geothermometry temperatures and Ti and V concentrations are high proximal, whereas Li, As, Co, Sr, Ca, and Y are low proximal and elevated in distal positions. Ratios of these elements define gradients toward ore varying over three to five orders of magnitude. The proximal-high Ti content is thought to reflect crystallization temperature, whereas proximal-low signatures are believed to characterize elements that are relatively fluid mobile in the inner parts of the propylitic halo in the presence of mildly alkaline to mildly acidic and oxidized fluids so that they are not incorporated into crystallizing chlorite, despite being generally compatible within the mineral structure. These elements begin to substitute into chlorite in the distal parts of the propylitic halo where fluids are largely rock buffered in terms of major element chemistry. In epidote, As defines a broad proximal low and is generally elevated at distances of at least 3 km from the edge of the ore shell. Zinc, La, Yb, Y, and Zr in epidote, among others, appear to define a geochemical shoulder that surrounds the deposit. These patterns are broadly similar to those observed in previous work at Batu Hijau and in the Baguio district, suggesting that these minerals behave consistently in porphyry systems and can therefore provide useful exploration tools within propylitic green rocks.
Epidote Trace Element Chemistry as an Exploration Tool in the Collahuasi District, Northern Chile
Authors: Baker Michael J. , Wilkinson Jamie J. , Wilkinson Clara C. , Cooke David R. , Ireland Tim
Published: June 2020

The Collahuasi district of northern Chile hosts several late Eocene-early Oligocene world-class porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, including Rosario, Ujina, and Quebrada Blanca deposits, and associated high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization at La Grande. Mineralization is hosted by intermediate to felsic intrusive and volcanic rocks of the upper Paleozoic to Lower Triassic Collahuasi Group, which experienced lower greenschist facies regional metamorphism prior to mineralization. Extensive hydrothermal alteration zones surround the porphyry and epithermal deposits, associated with hypogene ore-forming processes. However, outside of the observed sulfide halo the limits of geochemical anomalism associated with mineralization are difficult to define due to mineralogical similarities between weak, distal propylitic alteration and regional metamorphism affecting the host rocks.

Recent advancements in laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of epidote from hydrothermal alteration zones around porphyry and skarn deposits have shown that low-level hypogene geochemical anomalies can be detected at distances farther from the center of mineralization than by conventional rock chip sampling. Selective analysis of propylitic epidote from the Collahuasi district indicates that anomalous concentrations of distal pathfinder elements in epidote, including As (>50 ppm), Sb (>25 ppm), Pb (>100 ppm), and Mn (>5,000 ppm), were detectable 1.5 to 4.0 km from deposit centers. Significantly, the concentrations of these trace elements in epidote were obtained from samples that contained whole-rock concentrations of <25 ppm As, <2 ppm Sb, <100 ppm Pb, and <5,000 ppm Mn. Systematic increases in Cu, Mo, and Sn concentrations in epidote near deposit centers, and corresponding decreasing As, Sb and Pb concentrations, also provide effective tools for assessing the fertility and locating the centers of porphyry mineralization. In addition, anomalous concentrations in epidote of Cu (up to 1 wt %) and Zn (up to 6,000 ppm) effectively discriminate epidote associated with high-sulfidation epithermal veins in the Collahuasi district (e.g., La Grande, Poderosa-Rosario) from alteration associated with porphyry mineralization.
Impact of a standardized admissions process using a nurse intermediary
Authors: Blome Andrea , Schreyer Kraftin , Pandya Dharmini Shah
Published: June 2020

Objective: Transitions of care, including those between the Emergency Department (ED) and Internal Medicine (IM) for hospital admissions are complicated, variable processes that impact efficiency and patient safety. At our institution, a new, standardized admissions process that involved a nurse coordinator intermediary who served a dual role of facilitating admissions and overseeing bed board was implemented in July 2017. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the new process on ED throughput and safety outcomes of admitted patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the admissions process for patients at an urban, academic ED was conducted over a 4-month period preceding and following process implementation. ED metrics, including admission decision to ED departure time, were reviewed. In addition, the number of admitted patients upgraded to the intensive care unit (ICU) via a rapid response team (RRT-ICU) within 24 hours of admission and direct physician-physician handoffs were analyzed via surveys of both IM and EM physicians.Results: A total of 1,109 admissions were reviewed. The new admissions process resulted in a statistically significant decrease in boarding times for admitted ED patients (p = .03). The number of RRT-ICUs within 24 hours of admission did not change as a result of the intervention (p = .5). Direct physician handoffs increased, but not significantly, according to surveys of IM (p = .39) and EM physicians (p = .34).Conclusions: The implementation of a standardized admissions process utilizing a nurse intermediary improved provider communication and ED throughput without negatively impacting patient safety.
Italian Female Social Entrepreneurship and Management: An Explorative Study on Social Cooperatives
Authors: Picciaia Francesca
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to individuate the elements that have influenced and/or are influencing the constitution and the activity of a sample of Italian female social cooperative, and the relationship between gender and social enterprise’s internal organization.Methodology/Approach: This is an exploratory study based on a survey of a purposive sample of Italian Social Cooperatives (SCs). The selected SCs are led by women, in order to focus on motivations, constraints and opportunities behind the foundation of the social enterprise and the relationship among female gender, activity and organization.Originality/Value: Albeit with initial insights, the study can contribute, with a country-specific analysis, to the debate on the interconnections amidst institutional environment, cultural and social elements and the development of the female entrepreneurship, with a focus on third sector.Practical Implications: Research findings could help to highlight opportunities and constraints related to the phenomenon on female social entrepreneurship.