bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Availability of specialized medical care in cases of severe head injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Korkhmazov V. T. , Perkhov V. I.
Published: March 2022

Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 caused an overload of national health care systems worldwide. The analyses of the ways the pandemic changed the availability of the medical care provided in emergency situations has been carried out based on cases of craniocerebral trauma treatment.

Material and methods: Data for the period of 2019–2020 on each of 85 territorial subjects of the Russian Federation which are contained in forms of the state statistical observation and also data of Federal State Statistics Service on number of the deceased from head injuries (bone fractures of skull and face) in the period of 2019–2020 have been analyzed. For the measurement of medical care availability level we used the ratio of number of hospitalizations to the total number of deaths due to head injury in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation before COVID-19 pandemic (in 2019) and during the pandemic in 2020. The higher the ratio of admissions in the round-the-clock hospitals to total number of lethal cases due to head trauma, the higher the availability of the specialized emergency medical care. At the same time, we recognize that if the person with a severe head injury is brought to the hospital alive the chances to save his life increase.

Results: In 2019 approximately half of the patients with cases of head injuries were admitted in the round-the-clock hospital (the ratio is 274.6 thousand cases of hospitalization to 566.6 thousand cases of the head injury – 48.5% of the total number of head injury cases). In 2020 the share of such cases decreased to 43.1% – 207.5 thousand cases of hospitalization to 481.3 thousand cases of head injury in a year total. On an average in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation the ratio coefficient of hospitalizations number to the total number of lethal outcomes due to head injury in 2019 was 11.6 ± 4.3, in 2020 – 8.8 ± 3.3. Feature variation coefficient is 37.5% and 37.6% in 2019 and 2020 respectively which demonstrates its high variability in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. A share of the lethal outcomes due to a head injury increased from 3.8% in 2019 to 4.5% in 2020 of total number of patients that received this type of trauma, or by 1.2 times.

Conclusion: Due to the decrease of the emergency specialized medical care availability because of the pandemic the excess mortality from severe head injuries in 2020 was not less than 3 thousand people or 15% of the total number of cases of death. Hospital repurposing, redistribution of temporary and physical healthcare resources during the pandemic shouldn’t be followed by the decrease of medical care in emergency cases. The relation indicator of the number of admissions in the round-the-clock hospitals of patients with severe injuries or diseases to total number of lethal outcomes due to the same reasons is the indicator showing the availability level of medical care that can’t be delayed.
Giant popliteal artery aneurysm
Authors: Matyushkin A. V. , Mustafin A. Kh. , Mamaeva D. A.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Popliteal artery aneurysm is a pathology that appears regularly in daily practice of a vascular surgeon since the popliteal artery is the most common location of aneurysms (about 70%). A rare form of aneurysm of the popliteal artery is a giant aneurysm, the diameter of which is more than 7–8 cm. Giant aneurysms are of a great clinical importance due to the high risk of rupture and complications, and the fact that this pathology has its own peculiarities of surgical treatment.

Material and methods: We conducted an electronic bibliographic search Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Wiley to find reports about treatment of giant popliteal aneurysms. According to its results the main features of the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of giant popliteal aneurysms have been identified.

Results and discussion: Surgical treatment of giant popliteal artery aneurysms differs from the treatment of regular popliteal artery aneurysms and is associated with the choice of adequate access and the need for partial or full resection of the aneurysm. Endovascular treatment methods are used much less frequently, however, with the improvement of techniques and the emergence of new technologies, an increase in number of giant aneurysms successful treatment cases is expected.
Construindo Lugares de Urbanidade Metropolitana em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Bartholo Beatriz Ribeiro , Freitas Daniel Medeiros de , Lima Junia Maria Ferrari de , Chiquito Elisângela de Almeida , Melo Ana Clara Vargas de , Santana Maria Isabel Tamião , Pereira Giovana Lemos
Published: March 2022

A Extensão, assim como o Ensino e a Pesquisa, se constitui como um dos três pilares da universidade pública no Brasil e seu princípio orientador é a aproximação entre a universidade e a sociedade civil. Este artigo apresenta algumas inovações e tendências em relação a essas práticas extensionistas, tendo em vista não apenas a urgência imposta pela pandemia, mas também a consolidação de formas de ação já vivenciadas nessa área. Para isso, nos apoiamos nas experiências do projeto de extensão “Construindo Lugares de Urbanidade Metropolitana” da Escola de Arquitetura da UFMG. Pretende-se, a partir das metodologias adotadas na pré-pandemia e durante o atual período, relatar os desafios e as estratégias adotadas nessas diferentes condições.
Study of genetic parameters, correlation and path analysis for yield and quality characters in fine scented rice genotypes
Authors: Kondi Ravi Kiran Reddy , Kar Sonali , Mandawi NC
Published: March 2022

During kharif 2020, the Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding at S.G. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, Bastar (C.G.), examined 41 fine scented rice genotypes for 21 yield, yield contributing, and quality parameters. For all of the characters investigated, ANOVA demonstrated that there was considerable variation among genotypes. PCV levels were discovered to be slightly greater than GCV values, indicating that the environment has an impact on character expression. Plant height, test weight, head rice recovery, grain length, grain width, grain L:B, kernel length, kernel width, kernel L:B, alkali spreading value, gel consistency, and amylose content all had strong heritability and GAM, showing additive gene action. Grain yield plot-1 was significantly correlated with panicle length, total number of filled grains per panicle-1, harvest index, test weight, grain width, kernel width, amylose content, alkali spreading value, kernel elongation ratio, number of effective tillers plant-1, and days to 50% flowering. Amylose content was found to have a positive relationship with alkali spreading value and kernel elongation ratio, but a negative relationship with gel consistency.At the genetic level, path coefficient analysis revealed that traits such as harvest index, number of effective tillers plant-1, grain width, number of tillers square meter-1, days to 50% blooming, and kernel width had true associations with grain yield plot-1. At the phenotypic level, panicle length, test weight, number of effective tillers plant-1, kernel width, days to 50% flowering, harvest index, and kernel elongation ratio all showed a genuine relationship with grain yield plot-1. As a result, selecting these parameters will boost grain yield in the long run.
Molecular characterization and varietal identification for multiple abiotic stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Ali Alif , R Beena , Naga Manikanta Chennamsetti Lakshmi , Alex Swapna , KB Soni , MM Viji
Published: March 2022

Coexistence of two or more abiotic stresses is common in most of the rainfed lowland and upland rice growing areas of India and worldwide. Rice production under these conditions is not sustainable. Identification and development of multiple abiotic stress tolerant rice varieties are to be addressed. Here we tried to identify multiple abiotic stress tolerant varieties from a collection of earlier identified varieties for single stress and validated the known SSR markers for stress tolerance. Twenty rice genotypes were evaluated for individual abiotic stress such as drought, salinity and temperature initially and the tolerant three genotypes in each case were further evaluated for combination of stresses various physio-morphological and biochemical parameters were recorded. Among the genotypes evaluated for combination of stresses, PTB-7 was found to be tolerant for drought and salinity, Nagina-22 was tolerant against high temperature and salinity. However, the seeds did not germinate in the presence of all three stresses simultaneously. Twenty rice varieties viz., Chomala, MO-16, PTB-35, PTB-60, PTB-39, PTB-55, PTB-30, PTB-7, CRdhan307, Apo, Vyttila-3, Vyttila-4, Vyttila-5, Vyttila-6, Vyttila-7, Vyttila-8, Vyttila-9, Vyttila-10, Nagina-22 and NL-44 were further investigated using microsatellite markers to confirm the genotypic level of tolerance to combination of abiotic stresses. Rice genotypes were screened using 30 reported simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that are linked to drought, salinity and temperature. Molecular marker analysis of rice genotypes also confirmed that RM8904 and RM1287 were associated with salinity tolerance, RM2612, RM6100 and RM5749 were linked to high temperature tolerant trait. Population analysis also revealed that there is five subpopulation among rice genotypes.
Comparison of web application performance on the example of Laravel and Vaadin frameworks
Authors: Radomski Jakub
Published: March 2022

The article presents the result of comparing the performance of web applications written with the use of Laravel and Vaadin frameworks. The aim of the study was to identify which framework offers better performance in creating web applications and to verify the thesis presented in the article. A research method based on a comparative analysis was used to conduct the study. The study was carried out using two applications created for the purpose of the study and tools such as ApacheBench and Chrome DevTools were used for the study. Tests were carried out according to 13 research scenarios and the obtained results allowed to clearly verify the thesis. Finally, it was concluded that Vaadin is a much more efficient framework than Laravel.
Plyometric approaches and their efficiency in sports treatment and rehabilitation
Authors: Parish Mohammad
Published: March 2022

The paper is devoted to conducting a comprehensive analysis of plyometrics as a relatively new approach in training and rehabilitation that is becoming a must component of routine training and recovery programs. The usefulness and efficiency of plyometric exercises were proved by many scholars, trainers, athletes and therapists, the potential benefit that can be received from plyometrics is assured by the specific physiological and nervous changes that can be noticed in athletes while performing plyometric exercises which leads to further improvements in key physical characteristics of athletes as strength, coordination, speed of reactions, skills and the level of resistance. The conducted study has proven the importance of factors that can increase the efficiency of plyometrics or reduce it if trainers, athletes and physiotherapists are not prepared well, specifically regarding the consideration of previous injuries or other health issues of individuals before starting the implementation of these techniques. Moreover, as plyometrics includes a wide range of activities and they can be performed with different intensities it is possible to develop different skills within the group of athletes depending on their needs, individual physical characteristics, their previous training experience and past health issues, which makes this approach appropriate in all sports and rehabilitation program.
OUTCOMES OF PROXIMAL SPLENORENAL SHUNT SURGERY IN EXTRA HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN OBSTRUCTION (EHPVO) – EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CENTER IN GUJARAT, INDIA.
Authors: Talera Devendra , R Desai Premal , B Vora Hasmukh , Singh Khiria Lakshman , Shah Ishaan , Soni M Aakanksha
Published: March 2022

Background – Extra hepatic portal vein obstruction commonly presents with variceal bleeding and splenomegaly. Management with endoscopic
means provide temporary palliation. A proximal splenorenal shunt is a denitive procedure with good results. Our aim was to evaluate the
outcomes of splenectomy with proximal splenorenal shunt in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.
Methods – The records of all patients with diagnosis of EHPVO who were operated for splenectomy with proximal splenorenal shunt during the
period from January 2014 to august 2018 were analysed. Total of 34 patients with EHPVO were operated for splenectomy with proximal
splenorenal shunt over the study period. Outcomes were evaluated in term of rebleeding, variceal regression shunt thrombosis and post shunt
encephalopathy.
Results – All the patients were below 30 years age. Shunt surgery lead to reversal of various degree of cytopenias and hypersplenism. Variceal
regression was seen from large size (grade III and IV) to small size (grade II) in 74% of patients. We had low incidence of shunt block (5.88%),
variceal rebleeding (2.94%) and no mortality. None of the patients developed encephalopathy during follow-up.
Conclusion- Splenectomy with proximal splenorenal shunt is a single time safe procedure, with low morbidity and mortality; having low rates of
variceal rebleeding and encephalopathy; with low cost in teaching hospital, thus can be considered as the main treatment approach in patients with
EHPVO.
METHODOLOGY OF USING DEPTH-FIRST SEARCH (DFS) FOR SOLVING PROGRAMMING COMPETITION PROBLEMS
Authors:   Moldova State University, Corlat Sergiu , Mehryar-Rad Roxana ,   Theoretical Lyceum "Orizont", Republic of Moldova
Published: March 2022

Depth First Search (DFS) is a well-known method for traversing a graph. In various situations, particularly in competition problems, the need for an effective application of DFS is masked by the conditions of the problem, or the data structures used. In these cases, the problem is either to identify the need to use DFS in the solution or to adapt the DFS to the particular conditions of the problem. This article is a study of representative competition problems, with the identification of DFS solutions, accompanied by IT solutions. The results will be useful to all those who are passionate about competitive programming, but also to those who study graph algorithms.
EVALUATION IN MATHEMATICS USING SOFTWARES. METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS
Authors:   Alecu Russo State University of Balti, Republic of Moldova, Zastinceanu Liubov
Published: March 2022

Computer-assisted evaluation in mathematics has been and remains a rather difficult activity. The experience, gained by mathematics teachers in the Republic of Moldova over the last two years in this regard, highlights aspects specific of the local educational process. The article analyzes data from a survey conducted among mathematics teachers in the country, the experience of the teachers themselves and the author's experience in using computer-assisted assessment. At the end some conclusions and suggestions are formulated about methodological conclusions and recommendations for the use of software-based evaluations both in distance learning and in direct contact.
Passive Decoupled Multi-Task Controller for Redundant Robots
Authors: Wu Xuwei , Ott Christian , Albu-Schäffer Alin , Dietrich Alexander
Published: March 2022

Kinematic redundancy in robots makes it possible to execute several control tasks simultaneously. As some tasks are usually more important than others, it is reasonable to dynamically decouple them in order to ensure their execution in a hierarchical way or even without any interference at all. The most widely used technique is to decouple the system by feedback linearization. However, that requires to actively shape the inertia and consequently modify the natural dynamics of the robot. Here we propose a passivity-based multi-task tracking controller that preserves these inertial properties but fully compensates for task-space cross-couplings using external force feedback. Additionally, three formal proofs are provided: uniform exponential stability for trajectory tracking, passivity during physical interaction, and input-to-state-stability. The controller is validated in simulations and experiments and directly compared with the hierarchical PD+ approach and the feedback linearization. The proposed approach is well suited for safe physical human-robot interaction and dynamic trajectory tracking if measurements or estimations of the external forces are available.
FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SABUN CAIR ANTISEPTIK DARI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH KAPUL (Baccaurea macrocarpa)
Authors:   Prodi D3 Farmasi STIKES Darul Azhar Batulicin, Mahdi Nur , Putra Farhandika ,   Prodi S1 Keperawatan STIKES Darul Azhar Batulicin, Manurung Nuraini ,   Prodi D3 Farmasi STIKES Darul Azhar Batulicin
Published: March 2022

Kapul fruit is a typical plant of Kalimantan known by the Latin name Baccaurea macrocarpa. The rind of Baccaurea macrocarpa has antibacterial potential, so it is necessary to develop it into liquid soap preparations. The purpose of this study was to formulate and test the antiseptic activity of liquid soap from the extract of Baccaurea macrocarpa rind. Kapul fruit peel extract was divided into 4 different concentrations (F0 0%, FI 1%, FII 2%, and FIII 3%) formulated in liquid soap preparations. The evaluation of liquid soap includes physical characteristics (organoleptic, homogeneity, dispersion test), pH, and antibacterial test. The results of the organoleptic test, dispersive test, pH, antibacterial test Kapul fruit rind extract showed no significant difference in the pH, dispersibility, and antibacterial test. Based on the results of the evaluation of the preparations, all formulas showed good characteristics. The formula I has a good antibacterial effect.
Psicoanalizar en chancletas
Authors: Campalans Luis
Published: March 2022

Voy caminando por la avenida, jadeando un poco detrás de mi tapaboca, a paso redoblado porque tengo miedo; a pesar de llevar mi bolsa de compras, me pueden parar para interrogarme. Me cercioro de llevar siempre mi documento, como en los tiempos de la dictadura, la militar. En realidad, no he visto que parasen a nadie, debe ser sobre todo la culpa de saber que la compra es lo de menos, un pretexto, una coartada, una especie de salvoconducto (como pasear al perro) para sentir un poquito, un ratito, el caminar solo por caminar, bajo el solcito de otoño y sentir que estoy vivo. A medida que voy tomando confianza hasta puedo reflexionar: el miedo, el pánico como comportamiento humano no requiere de la convalidación empírica y tampoco es una conducta instintiva inscripta en el ADN, sino un efecto de discurso. Basta que alguien grite «fuego» en un cerrado para demostrarlo. Y se trata apenas del efecto de una sola palabra; como será entonces con 24 horas ininterrumpidas de bombardeo mediático: ¡TV, internet y redes sociales! (…)
Pengaruh Prenatal Yoga dalam Mengurangi Kecemasan pada Kehamilan: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Putri Cindy Ria Aprilia , Arlym Lisa Trina , Yuanti Yocki
Published: March 2022

Such as anxiety, various complications can occur in labor and hinder labor. Anxiety of pregnant women can be overcome with one of the complementary therapies, namely prenatal yoga. The purpose of this study was to analyze and review journals related to the effect of prenatal yoga on anxiety in pregnant women. This type of research is a Systematic Literature Review by searching for journals using the Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, and Garuda databases from 2016 – 2021 and the literature selection process using PRISMA diagrams with a Quasy Experimental research design. The results showed that seven out of 9 articles experienced mild anxiety after doing prenatal yoga. Six out of 9 articles doing prenatal yoga twice a week can reduce anxiety. The conclusion of this study is that prenatal yoga is very effective in reducing anxiety in TM III pregnancy. Prenatal yoga which is done twice a week can reduce discomfort during pregnancy, provide comfort so that it can reduce anxiety in TM III pregnant women.
Penggunaan Media PEMA (Papan Edukasi Main Anak) Dalam Meningkatkan Pemerolehan Kosakata Anak Usia 3-4 Tahun
Authors: Amelia Zahrina , Rahmadani Anisa
Published: March 2022

Early childhood needs to optimize various aspects of their development. One of them is the language aspect, the language skills of children can be seen from the way they communicate with other people. This needs to be supported by its vocabulary. At the age of 3-4 years, the average child knows 800 words, but still speaks in short sentences. If there is something complex to talk about, he will reveal it in two or three sentences. Currently, there are various kinds of game tools that are obtained by children, through educational play tools PEMA (children's play educational board) it is hoped that children can help children in acquiring vocabulary. The skill developed is the concept of printed letters. Children have the opportunity to interact with printed letters. Learn to recognize letters to achieve early reading skills for children. This study uses action research conducted on children aged 3-4 years. This study began by conducting a pre-test for the 5 children. Furthermore, parents document the use of PEMA media. The third is reflection of observation, reflection of documentation is interpreted in order to plan improvements that will be carried out in the next cycle. Activities are carried out repeatedly until the most appropriate one is found for each child. The results of the study are expected to increase children's vocabulary acquisition through PEMA media.

Keywords - Pemerolehan, Kosakata, Media, Anak Usia Dini, PEMA
STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTING AND DEVELOPING SMART CITY IN ORDER TO REFORM LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY IN CIMAHI CITY
Authors: Rohayatin Titin , Abidin As Zaenal , Ristala Harky , Mastoah Neneng
Published: March 2022

A Smart City is a concept for urban development that incorporates information and communication technology (ICT) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. A smart city aims to maximize service efficiency via the use of informatics and technology. Data gathered from people and devices is then processed and evaluated using sensors that are coupled with a real-time monitoring system. This data is gathered as critical data to help the community overcome the inefficiencies of bureaucratic services. The rapid advancement of information and communication technology, combined with the development of an increasingly reliant society on the performance of the government bureaucracy, generally requires the government's strategy for implementing and developing Smart Cities. because it has the potential to significantly influence lives, both personally and collectively, including those of government agencies.

However, several difficulties remain in its implementation, preventing the government's strategy from being executed properly. The government's strategy for implementing and developing the E-government idea, as well as for applying and developing the Smart City concept to achieve bureaucratic reform, is highly suitable for use as a form of assistance for the development of high-quality community services. The Smart City idea is being implemented in Cimahi City using the following six indicators: (1) smart government, (2) smart economy, (3) smart environment, (4) smart living, (5) smart people, and (6) smart mobility are all examples of smart concepts.
Translation Features of Emily Dickinson’s Poetry’s Chinese Translation Dust is the Only Secret
Authors: Zhou Jianxin
Published: March 2022

Using program written in python language to conduct a statistical and comparative analysis of poetic form and vocabulary use of Emily Dickinson's poems and its Chinese translation in the poetry collection, Dust is the Only Secret, translated by Xu Chungang, to reveal features of the translation, it is found that, compared with the original, the form of translated poetry deviates obviously from the original, in which quantity of verse line is close to the original, while the stanza deviation is large. Punctuation deviations such as deviations of dash, comma and period from the original are the most prominent. The translation is slightly inferior to the original in terms of richness of nouns and delicacy and exquisiteness of image depiction with adjectives, but far advantageous in dynamic of language due to abundant use of verbs.
Age Related to Breast Cancer Incidence in Cut Meutia Regional General Hospital Northern Aceh
Authors: Adi Rizka  , Teuku Yudhi Iqbal  , M Arfini Mertia
Published: March 2022

The risk of breast cancer increases with age, due to the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in breast epithelial cells as well as epigenetic changes in the microenvironment that lead to changes in gene expression. This study aims to determine the relationship between age risk factors and the incidence of breast cancer at the Cut Meutia regional general hospital, Northern Aceh. The research method used a cross sectional design which was carried out from June 2021 to January 2022. A total sample of 52 breast cancer patients were taken by total sampling that met the inclusion criteria. We found that patients with the most age characteristics are in the 41-50 age group with elementary education level, living in Aceh Utara and housewives. Based on the stage, it is known that the most dominant stage of the patient experiencing the incidence of breast cancer is stage III, which consist of 25 patients. Also, there is a significant relationship between age risk factors and the incidence of breast cancer in breast cancer patients at Cut Meutia Hospital, Northern Aceh.
INTERACTIVE METHODS OF ENGLISH TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   Professor, PhD Fergana State University Fergana, Uzbekistan, Qambarova Diloram Y.
Published: March 2022

As the world becomes ever more connected, the appeal of learning a new language is clear. Whether for business or pleasure, being able to communicate on an international level can bring many benefits. Nowadays most students of higher education want to use effective study methods so they can learn a language fast and speak it. So today English teachers of higher educations should be creative, searchable and find the best suitable method for each group or even for each student. In this article there are given some modern methods of teaching English.
PREVALENCE OF ISCHEMIC STROKE IN BUKHARA REGION
Authors:   Researcher Bukhara branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Khodjaeva N. A.
Published: March 2022

We analyzed the frequency of occurrence of various types of strokes and studied data on the epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes using the example of one neurological department. The most common was the atherothrombotic type of ischemic stroke, the least common was the hemodynamic type. The highest risk of ischemic stroke of various types are people with hypertension, tobacco users and overweight, the likelihood of ischemic stroke is higher in autumn and spring.
Macrofossil studies of Lateglacial sediments from Regstrup, north-west Sjælland, Denmark
Authors:   Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Bennike Ole , Claudi-Hansen Lone ,   Museum Vestsjælland, Holbæk, Denmark, Magnussen Betina ,   GLOBE Institute, SUND, University of Copenhagen, Wiberg-Larsen Peter ,   Institute for Ecoscience, Aarhus University
Published: March 2022

Studies of macrofossils indicate that the vegetation near Regstrup in north-west Sjælland, Denmark, from c. 13 600 to 13 500 cal. years BP was dominated by dwarf-shrub heaths. Betula pubescens (downy birch) arrived at c. 13 500 cal. years BP and became common after c. 13 200 cal. years BP. Open forests with B. pubescens and Populus tremula (aspen) dominated until c. 12 500 cal. years BP, indicating that an Allerød-type environment persisted for c. 350 years after the cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas, which is dated to c. 12 850 years BP in ice cores from Green-land. Betula nana was common after c. 12 500 cal. years BP, indicating a return to a tundra-like landscape with dwarf-shrub heaths. The fauna included Rangifer taran-dus (reindeer), Castor fiber (Eurasian beaver) and possibly Lemmus lemmus (Norway lemming). The lake deposits contain remains of many species of aquatic plants and animals, including three species of fish. The flora and fauna indicate that the lake water was fairly nutrient-rich and alkaline.
No trait anxiety influences on early and late differential neuronal responses to aversively conditioned faces across three different tasks
Authors: Schindler Sebastian , Heinemann Jana , Bruchmann Maximilian , Moeck Robert , Straube Thomas
Published: March 2022

The human brain's ability to quickly detect dangerous stimuli is crucial in selecting appropriate responses to possible threats. Trait anxiety has been suggested to moderate these processes on certain processing stages. To dissociate such different information-processing stages, research using classical conditioning has begun to examine event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to fear-conditioned (CS +) faces. However, the impact of trait anxiety on ERPs to fear-conditioned faces depending on specific task conditions is unknown. In this preregistered study, we measured ERPs to faces paired with aversive loud screams (CS +) or neutral sounds (CS −) in a large sample (N = 80) under three different task conditions. Participants had to discriminate face-irrelevant perceptual information, the gender of the faces, or the CS category. Results showed larger amplitudes in response to aversively conditioned faces for all examined ERPs, whereas interactions with the attended feature occurred for the P1 and the early posterior negativity (EPN). For the P1, larger CS + effects were observed during the perceptual distraction task, while the EPN was increased for CS + faces when deciding about the CS association. Remarkably, we found no significant correlations between ERPs and trait anxiety. Thus, fear-conditioning potentiates all ERP amplitudes, some processing stages being further modulated by the task. However, the finding that these ERP differences were not affected by individual differences in trait anxiety does not support theoretical accounts assuming increased threat processing or reduced threat discrimination depending on trait anxiety.
Cognitive abilities affect decision errors but not risk preferences: A meta-analysis
Authors: Mechera-Ostrovsky Tehilla , Heinke Steven , Andraszewicz Sandra , Rieskamp Jörg
Published: March 2022

When making risky decisions, people should evaluate the consequences and the chances of the outcome occurring. We examine therisk-preference hypothesis, which states that people’s cognitive abilities affect their evaluation of choice options and consequently their risk-taking behavior. We compared the risk-preference hypothesis against a parsimoniouserror hypothesis, which states that lower cognitive abilities increase decision errors. Increased decision errors can be misinterpreted as more risk-seeking behavior because in most risk-taking tasks, random choice behavior is often misclassified as risk-seeking behavior. We tested these two competing hypotheses against each other with a systematic literature review and a Bayesian meta-analysis summarizing the empirical correlations. Results based on 30 studies and 62 effect sizes revealed no credible association between cognitive abilities and risk aversion. Apparent correlations between cognitive abilities and risk aversion can be explained by biased risk-preference-elicitation tasks, where more errors are misinterpreted as specific risk preferences. In sum, the reported associations between cognitive abilities and risk preferences are spurious and mediated by a misinterpretation of erroneous choice behavior. This result also has general implications for any research area in which treatment effects, such as decreased cognitive attention or motivation, could increase decision errors and be misinterpreted as specific preference changes.
A vectorization of iterative computational processes and time acceleration estimates
Authors: Demidenko V. M. , Benediktovich V. I.
Published: March 2022

O b j e c t i v e s. The problem of efficient organization of the execution of sequential computational processes in the vector mode is solved, taking into account the capabilities of modern high-performance vector-pipeline computers. The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the fact that processes that occur during cyclic data processing and in iterative algorithms are the most difficult to parallelize. In solving the problem, three main objectives were set. Construction of a mathematical model that takes into account the main architectural and computational features of modern vector-conveyor computers. Calculation of the optimal total execution time of vector operations. Evaluation of the time gain compared to the sequential mode of data processing.

M e t h o d s. To achieve the objectives and to prove the main and auxiliary statements, an original method was used, including establishing the validity of the inductive assumptions in the cases under consideration, as well as an illustrative method of scheduling theory using Gantt charts.

R e s u l t s .   A vector model for the implementation of sequential calculations is proposed, which takes into account  the  main  features  of  vector-conveyor computers. The  optimal  total  execution  time  of  sequential calculations in the vector mode is determined, and a lower estimate of the time gain is obtained in comparison with the sequential mode of their execution.

C o n c l u s i o n. It has been established that when processing scalar input data in the sequential mode by vector operations with a pipeline length k, acceleration is possible by at least a factor nN (nk+N) , where N is the size of the  input,  n  is  the  number of vector and  corresponding scalar operations. The estimation of the  time acceleration in the vectorization of calculations is compared with the sequential mode of their execution.
Methodology of software development with the use of the model of distributed object-based stochastic hybrid systems
Authors: Sharykin R. Е.
Published: March 2022

Software development methodology based on the model of distributed object-based stochastic hybrid systems is proposed. Such mathematical model is planned to be created for the system being designed along with the system specification at all stages of the software development.

The following stages of the development are considered as building of preliminary mathematical model by designing its specification, choosing and specification of system metrics, statistical analysis of the model, approbation of the mathematical model in conditions close to real, analysis by analytical methods and the implementation. The formalism is proposed for describing the system under consideration and an approach to its analysis. At the steps of the methodology, we adjust the model specification and its corresponding mathematical model in accordance with the results of the analysis. This approach allows to develop not only the software, but also a mathematical model with its properties, which implementation is the resulting software.
Green Synthesis of Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles using “Desmostachya Bipinnita”
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, Sharada S , Abdul Rehaman S ,   M. Tech Scholar, Department of Chemical Engineering, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh
Published: March 2022

Synthesis of silicon dioxide nanoparticles using green synthesis approach is one of the cost effective and prominent method. In the present study silicon oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized using “DESMOSTACHYA BIPINNATA” which is commonly called as “DHARBA GADDI” in telugu. These plants are rich in phytochemical contents (flavonoids, phenols etc.) which acts as reducing agent and as a capping agent which prevents the agglomeration of the Nanoparticles. The synthesized Nano silica has been characterized using FTIR, UV-VIS, XRD, SEM, TEM characterization techniques to determine average particle size, available functional groups, absorbance, crystallographic nature, morphology of the synthesized silica have been studied respectively. In XRD a broad peak has observed at 21.56o and the average particle size of the particles is calculated by using Debye-Scherer formula 1.01nm. From FTIR sharp peaks observed at 1099.80cm-1 and 801.21cm-1, indicating Si-O-Si bonds and from the UV-Vis spectrum observe a broad peak at 350nm, the morphology and size of the particles has been determined using SEM, TEM.
Ecological factors determining the distribution patterns of Cyrtanthus nutans in North -Western KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Ruddle Lynne , Van Zyl Erika , Jordaan Jacobus Johannes
Published: March 2022

Background: Cyrtanthus nutans R.A.Dyer is a range-restricted species occurring in northwestern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and in Eswatini, and is currently classified as Vulnerable in accordance with the IUCN criteria. Land transformation and disturbance of natural habitats have resulted in an ever-increasing fragmentation of the species’ range.Objectives: This manuscript provides a description of some of the abiotic and biotic factors associated with the remaining natural populations of C. nutans in the Sour Sandveld and Moist Tall Grassland Bioresource Groups of northwestern KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: An investigation was conducted in the northwestern KwaZulu-Natal region to determine the effect that key ecological and anthropological determinants have in influencing the distribution and survival of the species. Data collected included sites of occurrence, estimated population numbers, elevation, ecological factors (soils/geology, climate, veld composition), and human/animal activities.Results: The northwestern KwaZulu-Natal C. nutans populations were found to occur primarily in untransformed veld within the Moist Tall Grassveld, Dry Highland Sourveld and Sour Sandveld Bioresource Groups. It occurs largely on gradients of < 10% on mid- to lower terrain slopes and predominantly within an altitude range of between 1 100 and 1 300 m a.m.s.l.Conclusion: C. nutans occurs in a narrow altitudinal range and has a preference for soils with high nitrogen and organic carbon and low phosphorus and acidity levels.
Quenching of Massive Disk Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
Authors: Xu 徐 Yingzhong 英中 , Luo 於 Yu 洛 , Kang 康 Xi 席 , Li 李 Zhiyuan 志遠 , Li 李 Zongnan 宗男 , Wang 王 Peng 鵬 , Libeskind Noam
Published: March 2022

A rare population of massive disk galaxies have been found to invade the red sequence dominated by early-type galaxies. The formation and origins of these red/quenched massive disk galaxies have recently gained great interest. The quenching mechanisms that are usually proposed, such as bar quenching and environment quenching, do not seem to be suitable for those bulgeless quenched disks in a low-density environment. In this paper, we use the TNG300 simulation to investigate the formation of massive quenched central disk galaxies. It is found that these galaxies contain less gas than their star-forming counterparts and harbor giant super massive black holes (SMBHs; above 108
M
⊙). By tracing their formation history, we found that quenched disk galaxies formed early and preserved disk morphology for cosmological timescales. They have experienced less than one major merger on average, and mini-mergers (mass ratio <1/10) have mainly contributed to the growth of their SMBHs. In the IllustrisTNG simulation, the black hole feedback mode switches from thermal to kinetic feedback when the black hole mass is more massive than ∼108
M
⊙, which is more efficient to eject gas outside of the galaxy and to suppress further cooling of the hot gaseous halo. We conclude that the dominant quenching mechanism in massive red/quenched disk galaxies is kinetic active galactic nuclei feedback.
Orbital Evolution of Close-in Super-Earths Driven by Atmospheric Escape
Authors: Fujita Naho , Hori Yasunori , Sasaki Takanori
Published: March 2022

The increasing number of super-Earths close to their host stars have revealed a scarcity of close-in small planets with 1.5–2.0 R
⊕ in the radius distribution of Kepler planets. The atmospheric escape of super-Earths by photoevaporation can explain the origin of the observed “radius gap.” Many theoretical studies have considered the in situ mass loss of a close-in planet. Planets that undergo atmospheric escape, however, move outward due to the change in the orbital angular momentum of their star–planet systems. In this study, we calculate the orbital evolution of an evaporating super-Earth with a H2/He atmosphere around FGKM-type stars under stellar X-ray and extreme-UV irradiation (XUV). The rate of increase in the orbital radius of an evaporating planet is approximately proportional to that of the atmospheric mass loss during a high stellar XUV phase. We show that super-Earths with a rocky core of ≲10 M
⊕ and a H2/He atmosphere at ≲0.03–0.1 au (≲0.01–0.03 au) around G-type stars (M-type stars) are prone to outward migration driven by photoevaporation. Although the changes in the orbits of the planets would be small, they would rearrange the orbital configurations of compact, multiplanet systems, such as the TRAPPIST-1 system. We also find that the radius gap and the so-called “Neptune desert” in the observed population of close-in planets around FGK-type stars still appear in our simulations. On the other hand, the observed planet population around M-type stars can be reproduced only by a high stellar XUV luminosity model.
Toward First-principles Characterization of Cosmic-Ray Transport Coefficients from Multiscale Kinetic Simulations
Authors: Bai Xue-Ning
Published: March 2022

A major uncertainty in understanding the transport and feedback of cosmic rays (CRs) within and beyond our Galaxy lies in the unknown CR scattering rates, which are primarily determined by wave–particle interaction at microscopic gyroresonant scales. The source of the waves for the bulk CR population is believed to be self-driven by the CR streaming instability (CRSI), resulting from the streaming of CRs downward a CR pressure gradient. While a balance between driving by the CRSI and wave damping is expected to determine wave amplitudes and hence the CR scattering rates, the problem involves significant scale separation with substantial ambiguities based on quasi-linear theory (QLT). Here we propose a novel “streaming box” framework to study the CRSI with an imposed CR pressure gradient, enabling first-principles measurement of the CR scattering rates as a function of environmental parameters. By employing the magnetohydrodynamic particle-in-cell method with ion–neutral damping, we conduct a series of simulations with different resolutions and CR pressure gradients and precisely measure the resulting CR scattering rates in steady state. The measured rates show scalings consistent with QLT, but with a normalization smaller by a factor of several than typical estimates based on the single-fluid treatment of CRs. A momentum-by-momentum treatment provides better estimates when integrated over momentum but is also subject to substantial deviations, especially at small momentum. Our framework thus opens up the path toward providing comprehensive subgrid physics for macroscopic studies of CR transport and feedback in broad astrophysical contexts.
Three-dimensional Propagation of the Global Extreme-ultraviolet Wave Associated with a Solar Eruption on 2021 October 28
Authors: Hou Zhenyong , Tian Hui , Wang Jing-Song , Zhang Xiaoxin , Song Qiao , Zheng Ruisheng , Chen Hechao , Chen Bo , Bai Xianyong , Chen Yajie , He Lingping , Song Kefei , Zhang Peng , Hu Xiuqing , Dun Jinping , Zong Weiguo , Song Yongliang , Xu Yu , Tan Guangyu
Published: March 2022

We present a case study for the global extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave and its chromospheric counterpart the Moreton-Ramsey Wave associated with the second X-class flare in Solar Cycle 25 and a halo coronal mass ejection (CME). The EUV wave was observed in the Hα and EUV passbands with different characteristic temperatures. In the 171 Å and 193/195 Å images, the wave propagates circularly with an initial velocity of 600–720 km s−1 and a deceleration of 110–320 m s−2. The local coronal plasma is heated from log(T/K) ≈ 5.9 to log(T/K) ≈ 6.2 during the passage of the wave front. The Hα and 304 Å images also reveal signatures of wave propagation with a velocity of 310–540 km s−1. With multiwavelength and dual-perspective observations, we found that the wave front likely propagates forwardly inclined to the solar surface with a tilt angle of ∼53°.2. Our results suggest that this EUV wave is a fast-mode magnetohydrodynamic wave or shock driven by the expansion of the associated CME, whose wave front is likely a dome-shaped structure that could impact the upper chromosphere, transition region, and corona.
The Young Binary DQ Tau Produces Another X-Ray Flare Near Periastron
Authors: Getman Konstantin V. , Akimkin Vitaly V. , Arulanantham Nicole , Kóspál Ágnes , Semenov Dmitry A. , Smirnov-Pinchukov Grigorii V. , van Terwisga Sierk E.
Published: March 2022

This work is part of a multi-wavelength program to study the effects of X-ray/UV/optical stellar radiation on the chemistry of the circumbinary disk around the young high-eccentricity binary DQ Tau. ALMA observations for near/around 2021 December 5 periastron were postponed due to bad weather, but supporting Swift-XRT-UVOT TOO observations were successful. These Swift observations along with previous X-ray-optical-mm data show that DQ Tau keeps exhibiting powerful flares near periastron, offering a unique laboratory for studies of flare effects on the gas-phase ion chemistry in protoplanetary disks.
The White Dwarf Mass versus X-Ray Temperature Relationship of Dwarf Novae, Revisited
Authors: Mukai Koji , Byckling Kristiina
Published: March 2022

Most methods used to determine the white dwarf mass in non-magnetic cataclysmic variables are subject to large systematic errors. X-ray spectroscopy has the potential to enable mass estimation with a good accuracy, when calibrated against accurate and reliable values. This is now possible thanks to the work of Pala et al., who estimated the white dwarf masses for 43 cataclysmic variables relying in part on Gaia distances. In this research note we provide a brief update on the X-ray temperature versus white dwarf mass relationship using the X-ray spectroscopy results of Byckling et al. compared against the results of Pala et al., thereby putting the X-ray spectroscopy method on a securer footing.