bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic fitness in relation to genetic variation and leukocyte DNA methylation
Authors: Caspers M. , Blocquiaux S. , Charlier R. , Lefevre J. , De Bock K. , Thomis M.
Published: December 2018

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent condition causing increased risk of several life-threatening diseases. MetS has a pronounced hereditary basis but is also influenced by environmental factors, partly through epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, the five phenotypes underlying MetS were incorporated into a continuous score for metabolic fitness (MF), and associations with both genotypic variation and leukocyte DNA methylation were investigated. Baseline MF phenotypes (waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins) of 710 healthy Flemish adults were measured. After a 10 yr period, follow-up measures were derived from 618 of these subjects. Genotyping was performed for 65 preselected MF-related genetic variants. Next, full genetic predisposition scores (GPSs) were calculated, combining genotype scores of multiple genetic variants. Additionally, stepwise GPSs were constructed, including only the most predictive genetic variants for the different MF phenotypes. For a subset of 68 middle-aged men, global and gene-specific DNA methylation was investigated, and a biological pathway analysis was performed. The full GPSs were predictive for some baseline MF phenotypes, but not for changes over time. Only a limited number of genetic variants were significantly predictive individually. On the contrary, global and gene-specific DNA methylation was associated with changes in the MF phenotypes rather than with the baseline measures, indicating that effects of DNA methylation on MF are somewhat delayed. Furthermore, several biological pathways were associated with the MF phenotypes through gene promoter methylation. For CETP, G6PC2, MC4R, and TFAP2B both a genetic and epigenetic relationship was found with MF.
miR-192-5p Silencing by Genetic Aberrations Is a Key Event in Hepatocellular Carcinomas with Cancer Stem Cell Features
Authors: Gu Yuanzhuo , Wei Xiyang , Sun Yulin , Gao Hongjun , Zheng Xin , Wong Linda L. , Jin Ling , Liu Niya , Hernandez Brenda , Peplowska Karolina , Zhao Xiaohang , Zhan Qi-Min , Feng Xin-Hua , Tang Zhao-You , Ji Junfang
Published: December 2018

Various cancer stem cell (CSC) biomarkers have been identified for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but little is known about the implications of heterogeneity and shared molecular networks within the CSC population. Through miRNA profile analysis in an HCC cohort (n = 241) for five groups of CSC+ HCC tissues, i.e., EpCAM+, CD90+, CD133+, CD44+, and CD24+ HCC, we identified a 14-miRNA signature commonly altered among these five groups of CSC+ HCC. miR-192-5p, the top-ranked CSC miRNA, was liver-abundant and -specific and markedly downregulated in all five groups of CSC+ HCC from two independent cohorts (n = 613). Suppressing miR-192-5p in HCC cells significantly increased multiple CSC populations and CSC-related features through targeting PABPC4. Both TP53 mutation and hypermethylation of the mir-192 promoter impeded transcriptional activation of miR-192-5p in HCC cell lines and primary CSC+ HCC. This study reveals the circuit from hypermethylation of the mir-192 promoter through the increase in PABPC4 as a shared genetic regulatory pathway in various groups of primary CSC+ HCC. This circuit may be the driver that steers liver cells toward hepatic CSC cells, leading to hepatic carcinogenesis.

Significance:

miR-192-5p and its regulatory pathway is significantly abolished in multiple groups of HCC expressing high levels of CSC markers, which may represent a key event for hepatic carcinogenesis.
Activating Mutations in Pik3ca Contribute to Anal Carcinogenesis in the Presence or Absence of HPV-16 Oncogenes
Authors: Shin Myeong-Kyun , Payne Susan , Bilger Andrea , Matkowskyj Kristina A. , Carchman Evie , Meyer Dominique S. , Bentires-Alj Mohamed , Deming Dustin A. , Lambert Paul F.
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

Over 95% of human anal cancers are etiologically associated with high-risk HPVs, with HPV type 16 (HPV16) the genotype most commonly found. Activating mutations in the catalytic subunit of Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate kinase (PI3K), encoded by the Pik3ca gene, are detected in approximately 20% of human anal cancers.

Experimental Design: We asked if common activating mutations in Pik3ca contribute to anal carcinogenesis using an established mouse model for anal carcinogenesis in which mice are topically treated with the chemical carcinogen 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Mice expressing in their anal epithelium one of two activating mutations in Pik3ca genes, Pik3caH1047R or Pik3caE545K, were monitored for anal carcinogenesis in the presence or absence of transgenes expressing the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes.

Results:

Both mutant forms of Pik3ca increased susceptibility to anal carcinogenesis in the absence of HPV16 oncogenes, and cooperated with HPV16 oncogenes to induce the highest level and earliest onset of anal cancers. The combination of HPV16 oncogenes and Pik3ca mutations led to anal cancers even in the absence of treatment with DMBA. We further observed that the investigational mTOR1/2 dual inhibitor, TAK-228, significantly reduced the size of anal cancer-derived tumor spheroids in vitro and reduced the growth rates of anal cancer-derived tumor grafts in vivo.

Conclusions:

These data demonstrate that activating mutations in Pik3ca drive anal carcinogenesis together with HPV16 oncogenes, and that the PI3K/mTOR pathway is a relevant target for therapeutic intervention.
Prediction of ESRD in IgA Nephropathy Patients from an Asian Cohort: A Random Forest Model
Authors: Liu Yexin , Zhang Yan , Liu Di , Tan Xia , Tang Xiaofang , Zhang Fan , Xia Ming , Chen Guochun , He Liyu , Zhou Letian , Zhu Xuejing , Liu Hong
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: There is an increasing risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among Asian people with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). A computer-aided system for ESRD prediction in Asian IgAN patients has not been well studied. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed biopsy-proven IgAN patients treated at the Department of Nephrology of the Second Xiangya Hospital from January 2009 to November 2013. Demographic and clinicopathological data were obtained within 1 month of renal biopsy. A random forest (RF) model was employed to predict the ESRD status in IgAN patients. All cases were initially trained and validated, taking advantage of the out-of-bagging(OOB) error. Predictors used in the model were selected according to the Gini impurity index in the RF model and verified by logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve (AUC) and F-measure were used to evaluate the RF model. Results: A total of 262 IgAN patients were enrolled in this study with a median follow-up time of 4.66 years. The importance rankings of predictors of ESRD in the RF model were first obtained, indicating some of the most important predictors. Logistic regression also showed that these factors were statistically associated with ESRD status. We first trained an initial RF model using gender, age, hypertension, serum creatinine, 24-hour proteinuria and histological grading suggested by the Clinical Decision Support System for IgAN (CDSS, www.IgAN.net). This 6-predictor model achieved a F-measure of 0.8 and an AUC of 92.57%. By adding Oxford-MEST scores, this model outperformed the initial model with an improved AUC (96.1%) and F-measure (0.823). When C3 staining was incorporated, the AUC was 97.29% and F-measure increased to 0.83. Adding the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improved the AUC to 95.45%. We also observed improved performance of the model with additional inputs of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, hemoglobin and albumin. Conclusion: In addition to the predictors in the CDSS, Oxford-MEST scores, C3 staining and eGFR conveyed additional information for ESRD prediction in Chinese IgAN patients using a RF model.
RNA-Seq Analyses of the Role of miR-21 in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Li Xun , Lin Zhanwen , Wang Lei , Liu Qin , Cao Zhi , Huang Zhujuan , Zhong Mingtian , Peng Shuxian , Zhang Yingheng , Li Yong , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: Our previous study demonstrated that a deficiency of microRNA 21 (miR-21) protects mice from acute pancreatitis, yet the underlying molecular networks associated with miR-21 in pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury remain unexplored. Methods: We used next generation sequencing to analyze gene expression profiles of pancreatic tissues from wild-type (WT) and miR-21 knockout (KO) mice treated with caerulein by using a 1-day treatment protocol. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery gene annotation tool and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were used to analyze the molecular pathways, while quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the molecular mechanisms. Results: We identified 152 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pancreata between WT and KO mice treated with caerulein. Cellular biogenesis and metabolism were the major pathways affected between WT and KO mice, whereas cell death and inflammatory response discriminated between WT and KO mice under acute pancreatitis. We validated 16 DEGs, consisting of 6 upregulated genes and 10 downregulated genes, involved in pancreatic injury. In particular, the upregulation of Pias3 and downregulation of Hmgb1 in KO pancreata coincided with a reduced severity of pancreatitis. In addition, we found Hmgb1 stimulation resulted in the overexpression of miR-21 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and deletion of miR-21 led to a reduction of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury by repressing Hmgb1 expression. Conclusion: Our data support the hypothesis that miR-21 modulates the inflammatory response during acute pancreatitis through the upregulation of Pias3 and downregulation of Hmgb1. Our findings further underscore a role for miR-21 in the promotion of acute pancreatitis.
The Theodramatic Imagination: Spirit and Imagination in the Work of Kevin Vanhoozer
Authors: Bailey Justin Ariel
Published: December 2018

This article situates and evaluates the cultural hermeneutic method of theologian Kevin Vanhoozer. His “theodramatic imagination” sets forth a method for rightly interpreting both Scripture and culture. Fellow theologian William Dyrness criticizes Vanhoozer’s model as theoretical rather than theatrical, focused on extracted ideas instead of embedded imaginaries. The article argues that, although Dyrness’ critique misses its mark, the true disagreement is pneumatological in nature. In the view of the author, this is the real limitation for Vanhoozer’s method: he prepares us to recognize and respond to the Spirit at work in shaping the Church’s “theodramatic” imagination, but we are less equipped to recognize the same Spirit outside the walls of the church, where much of the drama of redemption is set. Constructively, this article develops Vanhoozer’s cultural hermeneutic with a stronger connection to the presence of the Holy Spirit in the wider world, employing an underdeveloped concept from Vanhoozer’s theology.
First record of subfamily Brachypterainae (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae) in Baltic amber: a new genus and species
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: December 2018

Based on a well-preserved female specimen, a new stonefly genus and species of the family Taeniopterygidae, Balticopteryx dui gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated, which is also the first report of subfamily Brachypterainae from the Eocene Baltic amber. Diagnostic characters of this new genus are discussed and compared with related taxa.
Tunable temperature-resistivity behaviors of carbon black/polyamide 6 /high-density polyethylene composites with conductive electrospun PA6 fibrous network
Authors: Qu Yingying , Xu Ping , Liu Hu , Li Qianming , Wang Ning , Zhao Shuaiguo , Zheng Guoqiang , Dai Kun , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: December 2018

Temperature-resistivity behaviors of carbon black/polyamide 6/high-density polyethylene conductive polymer composites containing electrospun polyamide 6 fibrous network were studied systematically. The positive temperature coefficient intensity of the conductive polymer composites increased firstly and then reduced gradually with increasing heating rate, showing a heating rate-dependent positive temperature coefficient intensity. The fascinating phenomenon was ascribed to the microstructure change of conductive network induced by the volume expansion and the thermal residual stress generated in the composites. During the heating-cooling runs at different top testing temperature of 140, 150 and 180℃, the room-temperature resistivity of sample was observed to be 30, 2.3 and 1.6 orders of magnitude higher than the initial value after one heating-cooling run, respectively. The thermal treatment time above the melting temperature of high-density polyethylene and the viscosity variation of the conductive polymer composites were responsible for the increased resistivity. This study provides a guideline for fabricating conductive polymer composites with tuning positive temperature coefficient property.
Street food in Maputo, Mozambique: Availability and nutritional value of homemade foods
Authors: Sousa Sofia , Gelormini Marcello , Damasceno Albertino , Lopes Simão A , Maló Sérgio , Chongole Célia , Muholove Paulino , Casal Susana , Pinho Olívia , Moreira Pedro , Lunet Nuno , Padrão Patrícia
Published: December 2018

Background:

A nutrition transition is occurring in the urban areas of developing countries, where street food makes an important contribution to daily food intake.

Aim:

We aimed to characterise street food offer in Maputo, Mozambique, and to evaluate the nutritional composition of the most common homemade foods.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. Streets in the surroundings (500 m buffer) of randomly selected public transport stops in KaMpfumu district, Maputo, were canvassed to identify all street food vending sites ( n = 968). Information regarding vending site characteristics and the food offered was gathered through interview and observation. Samples ( n = 80) of the most common homemade foods were collected for laboratorial analysis.

Results:

Most street food vending sites identified were stationary (77.4%) and sold exclusively industrial food (51.9%). Frequency of fruit, beverages and food other than fruit was 24.5%, 32.5% and 73.9%, respectively. Fried cakes were the most energy-dense (430 kcal/100 g), and richest in fats (21.0g/100 g) and carbohydrates (53.4 g/100 g). The richest sources of protein were the stewed meat/fish/liver dishes (10.7–11.6 g/100 g). Fried cakes showed the lowest sodium and potassium content (90 mg/100 g and 81 mg/100 g, respectively) whereas hamburgers exhibited the highest content of those micronutrients (455 mg/100 g and 183 mg/100 g, respectively). Stewed liver dishes presented the highest sodium/potassium ratio (11.95). Fried snacks presented the highest trans-fatty acid content (0.20 g/100 g).

Conclusions:

Street food in Maputo is abundant and scattered throughout the urban district, exhibiting high variability in the nutritional composition of homemade foods. Public health policies should be targeted to improve the street food offer, promoting nutrient-dense foods and the reduction of added salt.
Clinical manifestations and causes of gelsemium poisoning in Hong Kong from 2005 to 2017: Review of 33 cases
Authors: Chow Tin Yat Anthony , Ng Chun Ho Vember , Tse Man Li
Published: December 2018

Background:

Gelsemium elegans is an extremely toxic plant, but gelsemium poisoning is seldom reported in the English literature.

Objectives:

To evaluate the clinical manifestations and causes of gelsemium poisoning in Hong Kong.

Methods:

A retrospective review of gelsemium poisoning recorded by the Hong Kong Poison Information Centre from 2005 to 2017.

Results:

In total, 33 cases (55% female, median age 44 (interquartile range: 30–56)) were identified in 14 incidences. Consumption of contaminated Ficus hirta (五指毛桃) soup is the commonest cause (52%). Other causes include misidentification of herbs (12%), consumption of parasitic plant Cassytha filiformis (無根藤) (15%) and suicidal ingestion of Gelsemium elegans (斷腸草) (3%). Most patients (94%) had mild to moderate toxicity, with one fatal case and one severe case presented with coma and respiratory depression. All patients complained of dizziness (100%), followed by visual blurring (34%) and nausea (28%). More than half (53%) had ocular manifestations (e.g. visual blurring, ptosis, nystagmus, diplopia) which are not commonly reported in other herbal poisoning. The time of symptom onset was early (median: 50 min (interquartile range: 30–60)) and all occurred within 2 h after oral intake. Most patients (94%) recovered uneventfully with conservative treatment.

Conclusion:

Most gelsemium poisoning in Hong Kong was due to contamination or misidentification. Early-onset dizziness (<2 h) with ocular symptoms after herbs consumption highly suggests Gelsemium poisoning. Good supportive care, particularly respiratory support, is the mainstay of management. Early recognition and the corresponding preventive measures would be useful.
UK overseas visitors: Seasonality and persistence
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Gil-Alana Luis Alberiko
Published: December 2018

This article analyses seasonality and persistence in the number of UK overseas visitors applying a fractional integration framework to (monthly and quarterly) data from 1986 to 2017. The results indicate that long memory is present in the series and the degree of persistence is higher for seasonally adjusted data, with shocks having transitory but long-lasting effects.
Do we need a replacement for the Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme?
Authors: Houldsworth Alexandra
Published: December 2018

This opinion discusses whether the proposed Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (‘SECR’) framework produced by government for businesses should replace the Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme (‘CRC’) which closes at the end of the 2018 to 2019 compliance year, especially in light of the fact that other reporting schemes such as the Energy Savings Opportunities Scheme (‘ESOS’) already exist.
Cardiovascular stress biomarker assessment of middle-aged non-athlete marathon runners
Authors: Kosowski Michał , Młynarska Katarzyna , Chmura Jan , Kustrzycka-Kratochwil Dorota , Sukiennik-Kujawa Malgorzata , Todd John A , Jankowska Ewa A , Banasiak Waldemar , Reczuch Krzysztof , Ponikowski Piotr
Published: December 2018

Background

Cardiovascular safety of marathon running in recreational runners remains unclear. We set up this study to comprehensively evaluate the effects of a marathon run on the profile of cardiovascular stress biomarkers in connection with transthoracic echocardiography.

Design and methods

Thirty-three healthy male amateur runners, aged ≥50 years (mean age 57 ± 7) were enrolled. Venous blood samples were obtained before the marathon, just after the race, 2–4 and seven days after the marathon. Using novel single molecule counting technology we measured: plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and endothelin-1. N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide was measured using electrochemiluminescence. Each participant had transthoracic echocardiography before and immediately after the race.

Results

We observed a sharp rise in the levels of all biomarkers after the race (all p < 0.01), which subsequently normalized after 2–4 days and stayed within normal range after seven days. Runners with intensive training programmes (>169 km/month, a median for the studied group) had lower hs-cTnI leak after the race (median 15.11 ng/ml and 31.2 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.05). Neither transthoracic echocardiography measures of ventricles nor strain rates changed after the run. We observed a decrease in the left atrial volume index and increase in the maximal right atrial volumes (all p < 0.05). Changes in Doppler indices of diastolic function suggestive of alteration in left ventricular relaxation were observed.

Conclusions

Marathon run is associated with sharp and significant rises in the biomarkers of cardiovascular stress. The profile of these changes, however, along with echocardiographic parameters, does not suggest irreversible myocardial damage.
Do pathologists agree with each other on the histological assessment of pT1b oesophageal adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Gotink Annieke W , ten Kate Fiebo JC , Doukas Michael , Wijnhoven Bas PL , Bruno Marco J , Looijenga Leendert HJ , Koch Arjun D , Biermann Katharina
Published: December 2018

Background

In early (T1) oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), the histological profile of an endoscopic resection specimen plays a pivotal role in the prediction of lymph node metastasis and the potential need for oesophagectomy with lymphadenectomy.

Objective

To evaluate the inter‐observer agreement of the histological assessment of submucosal (pT1b) OAC.

Methods

Surgical and endoscopic resection specimens with pT1b OAC were independently reviewed by three gastrointestinal pathologists. Agreement was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient for continuous variables, and Fleiss' kappa (κ) for categorical variables. Bland–Altman plots of the submucosal invasion depth were made.

Results

Eighty‐five resection specimens with pT1b OAC were evaluated. The agreement was good for differentiation grade (κ=0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.87), excellent for lymphovascular invasion (κ=0.88, 95% CI 0.76–1.00) and moderate for submucosal invasion depth using the Paris and Pragmatic classifications (κ=0.60, 95% CI 0.49–0.72 and κ=0.42, 95% CI 0.33–0.51, respectively). Systematic mean differences between pathologists were detected for the measurement of submucosal invasion depth, ranging from 297 µm to 602 µm.

Conclusions

A substantial discordance was found between pathologists for the measurement of submucosal invasion depth in pT1b OAC. Differences may lead to an over‐ or underestimation of the lymph node metastasis risk, with grave implications for the treatment strategy. Review by a second gastrointestinal pathologist is recommended to improve differentiating between a favourable and an unfavourable histological profile.
Transient loss of detectable HIV-1 RNA following brentuximab vedotin anti-CD30 therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Wang Chia-Ching , Thanh Cassandra , Gibson Erica A. , Ball-Burack Maya , Hogan Louise E. , Descours Benjamin , Jones Norman , Carvidi Alexander B. , Munter Sadie , Bakkour Sonia , Busch Michael P. , Milush Jeffrey M. , Deeks Steven G. , Henrich Timothy J.
Published: December 2018

Key Points

Anti-CD30 therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma led to transient loss of detectable CD4+ T-cell HIV RNA and a decrease in residual plasma viremia. Targeting nonviral markers expressed on HIV-1 transcriptionally active cells may lead to reduced measures of HIV-1 persistence.
Lag Time Between Evidence and Guidelines: Can Clinical Pathways Bridge the Gap?
Authors: Rodríguez-Lopéz Joshua L. , Ling Diane C. , Heron Dwight E. , Beriwal Sushil
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:

The 2018 American Society for Radiation Oncology guidelines state that hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (HF-WBI) may be used for early-stage breast cancer regardless of age, although evidence to support this became available years ago. Before guideline publication, we sought to change the practice pattern within an integrated, comprehensive radiation oncology network using clinical pathways.

METHODS:

The breast clinical pathway was amended in January 2016 to allow HF-WBI as a pathway-concordant option for women younger than 50 years of age. In December 2016, the pathway was amended to mandate HF-WBI as the only pathway-concordant option. Women younger than 50 years of age treated for stage 0 to IIA breast cancer, without irradiation of regional nodes, were included. Potential predictors of hypofractionation use were analyzed using binary logistic regression.

RESULTS:

We identified 305 patients treated between 2013 and 2017. From 2013 to December 2015, HF-WBI use was 4.2%. After the first and second amendments, use increased to 53.1% ( P < .001) and 96.5% ( P < .001), respectively. Before amendment 1, there was no difference in use of hypofractionation at academic (2.6%) versus community (4.7%) sites ( P = .568). After amendment 1, academic practices were more likely to use hypofractionation (72.0% v 44.6%; P = .026). After amendment 2, there was, again, no difference between academic (100.0%) and community (95.3%) practices ( P = .999).

CONCLUSION:

With implementation of a clinical pathway that mandated use of HF-WBI regardless of age, HF-WBI use for women younger than 50 years of age rapidly increased from 4.2% to greater than 95%. Clinical pathways effectively standardize patterns of care to reflect the most up-to-date clinical evidence, independently of guideline publication.
Predicting lithium treatment response in bipolar patients using gender-specific gene expression biomarkers and machine learning
Authors: Eugene Andy R. , Masiak Jolanta , Eugene Beata
Published: December 2018

Background: We sought to test the hypothesis that transcriptome-level gene signatures are differentially expressed between male and female bipolar patients, prior to lithium treatment, in a patient cohort who later were clinically classified as lithium treatment responders.

Methods: Gene expression study data was obtained from the Lithium Treatment-Moderate dose Use Study data accessed from the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Gene Expression Omnibus via accession number GSE4548. Differential gene expression analysis was conducted using the Linear Models for Microarray and RNA-Seq (limma) package and the Decision Tree and Random Forest machine learning algorithms in R.

Results: Using quantitative gene expression values reported from patient blood samples, the RBPMS2 and LILRA5 genes classify male lithium responders with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.92 and the ABRACL, FHL3, and NBPF14  genes classify female lithium responders AUROC of 1. A Decision Tree rule for establishing male versus female samples, using gene expression values were found to be: if RPS4Y1 ≥ 9.643, patient is a male and if RPS4Y1 < 9.643, patient is female with a probability=100%.

Conclusions: We developed a pre-treatment gender- and gene-expression-based predictive model selective for classifying male lithium responders with a sensitivity of 96% using 2-genes and female lithium responders with sensitivity=92% using 3-genes.
Systemic instruction of cell-mediated immunity by the intestinal microbiome
Authors: Grainger John , Daw Rufus , Wemyss Kelly
Published: December 2018

Recent research has shed light on the plethora of mechanisms by which the gastrointestinal commensal microbiome can influence the local immune response in the gut (in particular, the impact of the immune system on epithelial barrier homeostasis and ensuring microbial diversity). However, an area that is much less well explored but of tremendous therapeutic interest is the impact the gut microbiome has on systemic cell-mediated immune responses. In this commentary, we highlight some key studies that are beginning to broadly examine the different mechanisms by which the gastrointestinal microbiome can impact the systemic immune compartment. Specifically, we discuss the effects of the gut microbiome on lymphocyte polarisation and trafficking, tailoring of resident immune cells in the liver, and output of circulating immune cells from the bone marrow. Finally, we explore contexts in which this new understanding of long-range effects of the gut microbiome can have implications, including cancer therapies and vaccination.
Usual care for mental health problems in children with epilepsy: A cohort study
Authors: Welch Alice , Shafran Roz , Heyman Isobel , Coughtrey Anna , Bennett Sophie
Published: December 2018

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic paediatric conditions. Children and young people with epilepsy are at a significantly higher risk of developing mental health problems relative to the general population, yet the majority of these problems are unrecognised and under-treated in clinical practice. Although there is little epilepsy-specific guidance as to what interventions to use, researchers suggest there is no reason why clinicians should not be using the evidence base. Given the poor prognosis of untreated mental health difficulties, this cohort study sought to identify what psychological treatment young people with epilepsy with mental health needs receive in routine practice.

Methods: Participants were children and young people aged 3 to 18 attending paediatric neurology clinics. The parents of those children who met threshold for impairing symptoms on the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire were asked to complete the Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA), an online clinical assessment designed to generate psychiatric diagnoses. Participants who met clinical threshold for a disorder according to the DAWBA were provided with a bespoke measure asking questions regarding their experience with treatment for mental health support.

Results: 16 of the 46 parents who completed the DAWBA reported that they had experienced previous or current support for their child’s mental health difficulties. The mental health support offered to families was highly variable, inadequate and often not clearly compliant with existing UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for mental health treatment in children and young people.

Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the inconsistency and inadequacy of mental health provision for children and young people with epilepsy. Future work should explore reasons for the treatments offered failing to adhere to existing guidance for mental health difficulties in children, as well as possible solutions to this.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF A STUDENT AS A SUBJECT OF THE DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL RESULTS
Authors: Игнатович Владлен , Ignatovich Vladlen , Игнатович Светлана , Ignatovich Svetlana , Курочкина Валентина , Kurochkina Valentina
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of substantiating the pedagogical conditions that ensure the subjective involvement of students to the determination and assessment of individual educational results. Approaches to understanding the student as a subject of the educational process are analyzed. The lack of consideration of this phenomenon is shown only in the context of educational activities. The sociocultural practice is grounded as a project unit of a student's advancement along an individual educational trajectory. The components of the model of an individualized educational process are characterized, in which the subject assumes individual educational results. Pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of this model are formulated
Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers: taking steps towards prevention
Authors: Smith Charles
Published: December 2018

It may be a fallacy to state that most pressure ulcers are preventable, as research typically fails to recognise that most NHS nurses do not work in a well-staffed and well-equipped work environment 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This article acknowledges this and proposes disrupting the current workflow with a default intervention that reduces the risk of pressure ulcers forming, without creating more work for under-resourced staff.
Translocating Metropolitan Display Strategies in Nineteenth-Century Europe: Frederick Stibbert, Henri Moser, and their Orientalist Style Rooms
Authors: Giese Francine , Varela Braga Ariane
Published: December 2018

In the nineteenth century, the display of Islamic art and furniture was not only integrated into ethnographic collections and international exhibitions, but also formed an essential part of the home of amateurs as well as of the political, social, and cultural elites. Private collections accounted for an important step towards the valorization and reception of Islamic art in the west. This article examines the display strategies of collections located at the crossroads between private and public space by closely examining two style rooms integrated in private museums – the Stibbert collection in Florence, Italy, and the Moser collection in Neuhausen, near Schaffhausen, Switzerland. Both collectors had first-hand experience of the Orient due to their travels, with Stibbert focusing on al-Andalus and Moser on Central Asia, which inspired them to build up extensive art collections. The examples illustrate the importance of transnational relations for the establishment and display of collections that re-contextualized objects by presenting them within seemingly authentic oriental atmospheres specifically created for this purpose.
Book Reviews
Authors: Kargon Jeremy , Kezer Zeynep , McClary Richard Piran , Türker Deniz , Wick Alexis
Published: December 2018

HOMELAND: ZIONISM AS HOUSING REGIME, 1860–2011, YAEL ALLWEIL (2017) New York, NY: Routledge, 304 pp., 192 b/w illus., ISBN 978-1-13877-605-0, $115 (hardback)

SEIZING JERUSALEM: THE ARCHITECTURES OF UNILATERAL UNIFICATION, ALONA NITZAN-SHIFTAN (2017) Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 376 pp., 129 b/w illus., 8 colour plates, ISBN 978-0-81669-428-0, $39.95 (paperback)

VIOLENCE AND THE CITY IN THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST, EDITED BY NELIDA FUCCARO (2016) Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 312 pp., 8 maps, 16 b&w illus., ISBN 978-0-80479-752-8, $27.95 (paperback); ISBN 978-0-80479-584-5, $90.00 (hardback)

IN THE SHADOW OF THE CHURCH: THE BUILDING OF MOSQUES IN EARLY MEDIEVAL SYRIA, MATTIA GIUDETTI (2017) Leiden and Boston: Brill, xi + 211 pp., 72 ills., ISBN 978-9-00432-570-8, $155.00 (hardback)

MEDITERRANEAN ENCOUNTERS: ARTISTS BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1774–1839, ELISABETH A. FRASER (2017) University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 299 pp., 43 colour/98 b&w illus., ISBN 978-0-27107-320-0, $ 89.95 (hardback)

DISLOCATING THE ORIENT: BRITISH MAPS AND THE MAKING OF THE MIDDLE EAST, 1854–1921, DANIEL FOLIARD (2017) Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 336 pp., 47 b/w illus., ISBN 978-0-22645-133-6, $60 (hardback)
Mujeres en un MOOC. Brecha, Vulnerabilidad y Marcas de Género. Reflexiones desde un estudio de caso cualitativo
Authors: Montes-Rodríguez Ramón , Herrada-Valverde Rosario-Isabel , Martínez-Rodríguez Juan-Bautista
Published: December 2018

La formación online,y en concreto los MOOC, parecen estar revolucionando las concepciones educativas más tradicionales, generando nuevos paradigmas. Sin embargo, parte de los supuestos en que se fundamentan estos paradigmas suelen ser ciegos a las diferencias de género en el acceso y uso de las tecnologías. En este texto se indaga en cómo estos nuevos diseños de formación en línea, tras una concepción horizontal del aprendizaje, pueden estar actuando de forma discriminatoria hacia las mujeres. Mediante un estudio de caso de corte cualitativo se aporta información sobre las siguientes cuestiones desde una perspectiva de género: (1) qué dificultades muestran los participantes y cómo las muestran, (2) cómo difieren sus formas de compartir, (3) cómo gestionan el tiempo y (4) de qué forma actúan frente a un contexto de masividad. Mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y técnicas de etnografía virtual, los resultados nos informan sobre cómo este curso está entendiendo y compaginando los distintos niveles de acceso y dominio tecnológico; sobre la existencia de una clara asimetría en función de género a la hora de compartir conocimientos e información; y sobre cómo la deslocalización y la flexibilidad temporal para realizar este tipo de formación puede conllevar dificultades añadidas para ellas.
Las bibliotecas públicas ante la inclusión digital: desafíos para una ciudadanía más igualitaria
Authors: Hernández-Pedreño Manuel , Romero-Sánchez Eduardo , Gómez-Hernández José-Antonio
Published: December 2018

Las bibliotecas públicas facilitan acceso a las tecnologías y competencia digital pues consideran la formación para el uso crítico, reflexivo e intencional de la información un factor compensatorio de la desigualdad digital. Nuestro objetivo es analizar su potencial y sus limitaciones para desarrollar este servicio. La metodología se fundamenta en dos técnicas cualitativas: la entrevista y el grupo de discusión. Las entrevistas se realizaron a diez expertos mediante un cuestionario virtual de nueve cuestiones vinculadas con la formación digital y el rol a desempeñar por las bibliotecas. La opinión de los bibliotecarios municipales de la Región de Murcia se obtuvo mediante tres grupos de discusión constituidos según el número de habitantes y se siguió un guion estructurado en torno recursos humanos y materiales, necesidades formativas y tipo de usuarios. Se ha verificado un alto compromiso con la función de formación digital, si bien está muy condicionada por los recursos humanos y materiales de los que se dispone, junto a las demandas específicas asociadas a los usuarios que atienden. El análisis propone algunas medidas para mejorar la organización de este servicio, incluyendo estrategias de colaboración con agentes externos al municipio (entidades privadas) u otros departamentos municipales.
Kontaminasi Tembaga pada Mugil dussumieri (Actinopterygii: Mugilidae, Forsskål, 1775) yang Ditangkap di Perairan Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Susilo Endang Sri , Arinianzah Aldo Rizqi , Setyati Wilis Ari , Irwani Irwani , Suryono Suryono
Published: December 2018

Contamination of Copper in Mugil dussumeri (Actinopterygii: Mugilidae, Forsskål, 1775) which was caught in Semarang waters, Indonesia The marine environment in Semarang waters are highly polluted by heavy metals such as copper (Cu).  On the other side, these areas have become producers of fishery commodities such as mullet fish Mugil dussumieri. The aims of this study was to determine the heavy metal content of Cu in mullet fish during wet monsoon (December 2017 and February 2018). Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer were used to analysis of Cu concentration in marine water and fish meat.  The results show that the Cu content in marine water was not detected while in the meat of mullet fish during December 2017 and February 2018 were 0.66 ± 0.07 mg/kg and 0,604 ± 0.217 mg/kg, respectively. The results were still within the quality standard for maximum limit of Cu content allowed in seafood by FAO/WHO. Lingkungan perairan laut di sekitar Semarang berpeluang sangat tinggi untuk terpolusi logam berat tembaga.  Di lain sisi perairan ini menjadi daerah produksi perikanan seperti ikan belanak Mugil dussumieri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan logam Cu dalam daging ikan belanak yang ditangkap selama musim penghujan (Desember 2017 dan Februari 2018). Untuk mengetahui konsentrasi Cu dalam air laut dan ikan belanak digunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi logam Cu selama bulan Desember 2017 adalah 0.66 ± 0.07/kg dan selama bulan Februari 0,604 ± 0.217 mg/kg, sedangkan konsentrasi Cu dalam air laut tidak terdeteksi.  Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kandungan Cu dalam ikan belanak masih berada pada konsentrasi yang diperbolehkan oleh FAO/WHO.
Mortalitas Larva Litopenaeus vannamei Pada Penerapan Perbedaan Sistem Filtrasi Air Media Pemeliharaan
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Widiasa I Nyoman , Djunaedi Ali , Sasmoko Priyo
Published: December 2018

Mortality of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae with the different filtration system of seawater as media for rearingMortality of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae in shrimp hatcheries centers is commonly high. Therefore, innovation to solve the problem through water quality management improvement in necessary by applying ultrafiltration system to shrimp hatchery. This experiment aims to determine larval mortality rate in response to the application of different filtration systems. Experiments were conducted using 4 milions larvae of L. vannamei shrimp. Shrimp larvae were kept in 4 tanks, each volume was 8 m3. Two reservoirs tank were equipped with ultrafiltration and other systems used sand-filter as controls. Implementation of experimental activities used action research method with two repetitions. Observation were conducted on mortality of shrimp larvae and water quality, i.e., temperature, salinity, pH, TSS, dissolved O2, NH3 and NO3-2. The result showed the shrimp larvae reared with the application of ultrafiltration system had significantly lower percentage of mortality (55,02 %) compared with filtering using sand-filter (59,58 %). Concentrations of Ammonia (NH3-N) and TSS content increased along with longer period of larval rearing.Mortalitas  larva udang Litopenaeus vannamei di sentra pembenihan masih tinggi. Inovasi sistem pengendalian kualitas air pada media pembenihan udang perlu dilakukan. Percobaan dilakukan untuk mengetahui respon tingkat mortalitas larva Litopenaeus vannamei denan penerapan perbedaan sistim filtrasi. Pelaksanaan percobaan menggunakan metode action research dengan pengulangan 2 kali. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan larva Udang Litopenaeus vannamei stadia larva sebanyak 4 juta ekor. Larva Udang dipelihara dalam 4 buah bak. Dua buah bak  dilengkapi dengan sistem ultrafiltrasi dan bak lainnya menggunakan sandfilter sebagai kontrol. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap mortalitas larva udang, suhu, salinitas, pH, MPT, O2 terlarut, NH3 dan NO3-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata mortalitas Larva udang Vannamei yang dipelihara dengan pola pemeliharaan dengan penerapan sistim ultrafiltrasi adalah 55.02% yang berbeda sangat nyata (p>0,01) dibandingkan dengan penerapan pola pemeliharaan menggunakan sandfilter yaitu 59,58% . Kualitas air media pemeliharaan larva udang Vannamei, terutama: kandungan Ammoniak (NH3-N) dan MPT menunjukkan semakin meningkat dengan semakin lamanya waktu pemeliharaan.
Corporate Governance Codes and Groups of Companies: In Search of Best Practices for Group Governance
Authors: Szabó Dániel Gergely , Sørensen Karsten Engsig
Published: December 2018

Many listed companies are part of a group of companies and therefore they are facing the special challenges of effecting group governance. Group governance will involve balancing the interests of the group against the interests of the individual companies in the group. Finding the right balance between these two is not always easy, which is confirmed by that the Commission has announced its intention to facilitate the recognition of the concept of ‘group interest’ in EU company law.We have analysed a number of corporate governance codes to see how they address the issue of group governance. We initially examined 48 codes, but selected 16 codes for detailed analysis. In the codes analysed we have found some recommendations for how groups of companies should be governed, but they are often found in different codes, often apply to a broader category of situations, not specifically group situations, and in some cases point in different directions. Therefore, it seems fair to say that the current recommendations for group governance are fragmented and superficial. Since we have analysed those codes that, based on our initial survey of 48 codes, were most likely to contain recommendations on these issues, the recommendations on group governance in other codes are even more likely to be fragmented or non-existent.Therefore, there seems to be a need for more clarity on group governance and the Commission’s intention to address the issue of group interest should be welcomed. However, since there is little consensus on what constitutes good group governance, considering the often opposing strategies underlying the analysed codes’ recommendations, the Commission also has a difficult task if it decides to take steps to operationalise the recognition of group interests.
Banking Crisis Management, Recovery and Resolution Planning, and “New Governance” Theory: Approaching “Living Wills” as a Public-Private Collaborative Form of Regulation
Authors: Minto Andrea
Published: December 2018

Over the last ten years the architecture of financial regulation and supervision in Europe has undergone sweeping changes. The demise of the previous “laissez faire era” unleashed an extraordinary torrent of EU institutional and regulatory reforms. Approaches, methodologies and tools by which financial institutions are regulated have drastically been revised to cope with the increasing complexity of modern financial intermediation. New forms of collaborative and polycentric governance in fact emerged as to better respond to sophisticated market failures, opening up to amplified participation and power-sharing between “public” and “private” actors. Crisis management and bank resolution represent an interesting area where regulators reserved some room for a public-private collaborative form of regulation. While there is some extensive scholarship placing recovery and resolution planning at the intersection of ex ante and ex post regulatory strategies, little attention has been paid to the specific modes of interaction between regulators and regulated entities. This study aims to advance knowledge by assessing the main features of “living wills” regulation in the light of the “new governance” theory. In so doing, it emphasizes the advantages of a dynamic cooperation between public (governments, regulators) and private (regulated) parties in overcoming looming market failures such as informational asymmetries and moral hazard.
„Der Mut zum Sein“
Authors: Sturm Erdmann
Published: December 2018

In part 1 of the essay, Tillich’s Courage to Be is correlated to W. H. Auden’s, R. May’s, and H. Kuhn’s studies on anxiety and nothingness. Part 2 is concerned with Tillich’s encounter with meaninglessness since World War I. Part 3 deals with his “theology of despair”. For Tillich, acceptance of despair is in itself faith on the boundary of the courage to be. His ontology has the function of basing courage in the self-acceptance of being itself - in the face of the threat of non-being. “Non-being makes God a living God.”
„Anxiety is finitude, experienced as one’s own finitude.“
Authors: Danz Christian
Published: December 2018

This essay discusses Paul Tillich’s concept of anxiety. In his book The Courage to Be, Tillich speaks of a correlation between an ontology of anxiety and an ontology of courage. The essay explains this relation against the background of the development of Tillich’s works. The roots of the correlation between anxiety and courage can be found in Tillich’s concept of religion on the basis of the doctrine of justification, which he continually worked out back to his early writings. He uses this understanding of religion for his description of modern culture. Anxiety and courage are the two aspects in which God is disclosed in human consciousness.
Critique and Formation
Authors: Danz Christian
Published: December 2018

The article examines the development of Paul Tillich’s understanding of Protestantism. Beginning with his 1913 ‘Systematic Theology’, the shifts in his theory of Protestantism, first developed after the First World War and then at the end of the 1920s, are reconstructed. It is demonstrated that, from the outset, Tillich extended the traditional soteriological interpretation of Protestantism into a universal-cosmological theory. Protestantism means not only critique, but also formation.
Paul Tillich: Der Mut zum Sein
Authors: Sturm Erdmann
Published: December 2018

When he visited Germany 1951, Paul Tillich gave two different lectures on “Der Mut zum Sein” in which he summarized his Terry Lectures from 1950 on “The Courage to Be”. If we compare his Terry Lectures and his German lectures with his later published book “The Courage to Be” from 1952, we can find out some remarkable differences in terminology and content. Both lectures on “Der Mut zum Sein” from 1951 are published here for the first time.