bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
prazer perverso nos descaminhos da destrutividade
Authors: Rosa Marco Aurélio
Published: July 2023

O autor apresenta uma abordagem realçada por Freud em alguns trabalhos para a compreensão teórica e aproximação terapêutica de patologias graves como narcisistas, borderline e psicóticas. Em 1920, 1923, 1933, 1937 e 1938, Freud apontou a importância de valorizar o fenômeno da fusão e desfusão pulsional para a compreensão de algumas patologias graves. A desfusão provoca uma alteração na operatividade das forças de autoconservação, nas relações internas do self e com os objetos. A inversão das forças de autoconservação se observa no suicida, no melancólico, nos quadros de severa reação terapêutica negativa e graves perturbações psicossomáticas. A pulsão de morte representada pela destrutividade quando desfusionada de Eros leva a atuações limítrofes. A Psicanálise é apresentada como um recurso heróico no tratamento destas perturbações. O material clínico refere-se a um paciente gravemente enfermo, cujas atuações extremas eram um verdadeiro flerte com a morte. A transferência destes pacientes é sempre muito perturbada e a contratransferência sobrecarregada. Uma atitude de tolerância, paciência, empatia e confiança no trabalho psicanalítico é fundamental na pessoa do analista.
Espaço psíquico geracional e as identificações telescópicas
Authors: Trachtenberg Ana Rosa Chait
Published: July 2023

O trabalho apresenta três novas idéias a respeito das transmissões psíquicas entre gerações, especialmente no referente ao modo (identificações telescópicas entre gerações), ao quê (objetos intergeracionais) e ao onde (espaço psíquico geracional) acontecem estas transmissões.
De kleinianos a neo-bionianos
Authors: Petrucci José Luiz F.
Published: July 2023

Trabalho apresentado no Encontro Internacional “Bion 2004”. São Paulo, Brasil, 15-19 de julho de 2004.
Algumas propostas para uma clínica das não-verdades
Authors: Trachtenberg Renato
Published: July 2023

A partir da relação conflitiva entre a verdade e a mentira, o autor enfatiza a necessidade, na prática do consultório, de diferençar categorias de não-verdades, abrigadas, habitualmente, sob o amplo e indiscriminado uso do termo mentira. Propõe, como hipóteses iniciais, quatro tipos de não-verdades: a mentira, a falsi-dade, a insinceridade e o verdadismo. Não se trata de categorias diagnósticas nosentido clássico do termo, já que não são exclusivas de determinadas patologiasemocionais. Considera que essas mesmas categorias deverão ficar abertas a novasinvestigações, com a possibilidade de inclusão de outros tipos de não-verdades,além dos descritos no presente trabalho.
Study on Cost of Cultivation and Economic Returns from Chilli Crop Growing Districts of Telangana, India
Authors: Natarajan Arathi , Sahu Megha , Srivastava S. C. , Jaulkar A. M.
Published: July 2023

Study was done to work out the cost of cultivation, returns and benefit cost ratio of chilli crop growing districts of Telangana for Agricultural year 2019-2020. India is one among the world’s largest producer, most of the consumption takes place within the country and it is the best exporter of chilli throughout the world. The study is based on primary data and the total number of 120 farmers treated as respondents and had been selected from all four categories of farmers by adopting proportion allocation with simple random sampling without replacement method with the objective of cost of cultivation and economic return from chilli grower B:C ratio of chilli in the study area. In this the study says that the overall average total cost of cultivation is Rs. 328225.25. The study reveals that returns in chilli cultivation increases with the increase of the farm size and the overall benefit-cost ratio are 2.41. The average cost, of cultivation per hectare of overall basis, was found to have 147024.50 (costA1) followed by Rs.150625.25 (costB1); Rs.29600.2 (costB2); Rs. 182850.25 (cost C1); Rs. 328225.25 (costC2); Rs. 361047.78 (CostC3) has been noted consequently. The average yield was found to be 72.00 quintals per hectare. The overall gross income per hectare was observed to be Rs. 872250.00 per hectare. Study implies the B.C ratio increases with the increase in the size of the holding.
Molecular Characterization of Mid-late Maturing Sugarcane Clones by Using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Kumar Balwant , Kamat D. N. , Singh Rajvinder , Singh Digvijay , Suman Sandeep Kumar
Published: July 2023

A total of 56 alleles were obtained, of which 41 shared and 15 unique allelic variants were generated as the amplified product by polymerase chain reaction using eleven primer pairs. The PIC values revealing allelic diversity and frequency among the genotypes varied from 0.36 in the case of NKS 57 to 0.90 in the case of NKS 1 with an average of 0.62. The similarity coefficients revealing genetic similarity with respect to the size of the amplified products generated from targeted regions of the genome varied from 0.518 to 0.857 for the pairwise combinations amongst the thirteen entries under evaluation. Two Clusters were obtained when the phenol line was drawn at twenty-five similarity units. Cluster I consist of ten genotypes. The tri-genotypic cluster II consists of three genotypes. When phenol level drew at fifty similarity unit clusters I and II were further divided into sub-clusters. It is concluded that using an SSR marker is a very reliable approach for identifying diverse genotype(s) where phenotypic similarity of the cultivars leads to difficulty while selecting parents for hybridization.
Skin‐Inspired Thermosensitive Tactile Sensor Based on Thermally Conductive and Viscous Interface Composites for Rocks
Authors: Wan Li , Feng Jian , Yue Wen , Qin Wenbo , Lin FanKai , Huang Fei , Liu XianJie , Min Xin , Wang Chengbiao , Huang ZhaoHui
Published: July 2023

Achieving high thermal conductivity and exceptional interfacial adhesion simultaneously in thermosensitive tactile recognition sensors poses a significant challenge. A copolymer, poly([[(butylamino)carbonyl]oxy]ethyl‐ester)‐co‐polydimethylsiloxane (referred to as PP), is synthesized and subsequently complexed with alumina particles coated with liquid metal (LMAl2O3) to prepare a composite material called PP/LMAl2O3 with high thermal conductivity and strong interfacial adhesion to address this challenge. The best thermal conductivity (4.43 W m−1 K−1), electrical insulation (10−6–10−7 S m−1), and adhesion properties derived from hydrogen bonding (1316 N m−2) are obtained by adjusting the volume fraction of PP and LMAl2O3 in PP/LMAl2O3. PP/LMAl2O3 with high thermal conductivity and high interface adhesion can efficiently transfer heat between thermal flux sensors and the objects being sensed, reliably detecting small thermal flux variations and ensuring accurate thermal flux measurements. In this study, PP/LMAl2O3 is used to make up thermosensitive tactile sensor. Surprisingly, PP/LMAl2O3 demonstrates high thermal signal sensitivity for tactile recognition applications, allowing the smart thermosensitive tactile sensor system to distinguish unknown rock materials even in the dark. Overall, PP/LMAl2O3 may function as a fundamental material in thermosensitive tactile sensors for lithology identification.
Multi‐Mode Optical Manometry Based on Li4SrCa(SiO4)2:Eu2+ Phosphors
Authors: Su Ke , Mei Lefu , Guo Qingfeng , Shuai Pengfei , Wang Yujia , Liu Yukun , Jin Yang , Peng Zhijian , Zou Bo , Liao Libing
Published: July 2023

Optical manometry is a highly promising method for measuring pressure. However, its wider application is limited by the lower sensitivity and influenced by environmental factors. Herein, multi‐mode optical pressure sensors based on Eu2+‐doped Li4SrCa(SiO4)2 phosphors suitable for a variety of complex pressure‐measuring environments are designed. The phosphors contain two separate luminescence centers at 443 nm (EuSr) and 584 nm (EuCa), respectively. In the lower pressure range, the emission peak undergoes a massive redshift of 5.19 nm GPa−1 of EuCa, which is 14× better than commercially available ruby sensors. In order to improve the pressure response range and the accuracy of pressure measurement, for the first time, a new approach in the pressure readout method in which single Eu2+ ions doping based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) pressure measurement is realized in designed materials. Meanwhile, the measured full width at half maximum (FWHM) as an indicator of pressure sensor performance also reveals that the sensing performance is d FWHM/d P ≈ 1.23 nm GPa−1 and d FWHM/d P ≈ 0.84 nm GPa−1 for EuSr and EuCa positions, respectively. Additionally, the structural stability of the phosphor is confirmed by in situ Raman spectrum. The above results indicate that the Li4SrCa(SiO4)2:0.04Eu2+ phosphor is a good candidate for multi‐mode optical pressure sensors.
High‐Performance Narrowband OLED with Low Efficiency Roll‐Off Based on Sulfur‐Incorporated Organoboron Emitter
Authors: Li Deli , Li Mengke , Liu Denghui , Yang Jiaji , Li Wei , Yang Zhihai , Yuan Haoxiang , Jiang Simin , Peng Xiaomei , Yang Guo‐Xi , Xie Wentao , Qiu Weidong , Gan Yiyang , Liu Kunkun , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: July 2023

Multi‐resonance (MR) based organoboron emitters exhibiting high‐efficiency narrowband thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have become a critical material component for constructing high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high color purity and high color gamut. However, most of the MR‐TADF devices suffer from severe efficiency roll‐off at high current density due to the relatively large singlet–triplet splitting energy, long excited state lifetime, and slow reverse intersystem crossing rate (k
RISC). Herein, by utilizing a sulfur atom‐fused donor unit, 7H‐benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐b]carbazole, an organic boron emitter (BTC‐BNCz) capable of high efficiency and low efficiency roll‐off narrowband TADF emission is developed. Benefitting from the heavy atom effect of the sulfur atom, kRISC up to 1.6 × 105 s−1 is achieved, which could greatly reduce the undesired quenching effect. Consequently, the OLED using BTC‐BNCz as dopant exhibits high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.0% with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 35 nm. Moreover, by utilizing a TADF material with a high horizontal dipole ratio as assistant host, outstanding device performance is achieved with a maximum EQE of 35.2% and FWHM of 37 nm, featuring slow efficiency roll‐off.
Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclizations and [3+2]‐Annulation Cascades between 1,5‐Diyn‐3‐ols and Nitrones to Construct Carbazole Frameworks
Authors: Tanpure Sudhakar Dattatray , Dhole Manoj Dilip , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: July 2023

Gold‐catalyzed cascade reactions between 1,5‐diyn‐3‐ols and nitrones to deliver carbazole derivatives are described. Such cascade reactions are applicable to facile synthesis of polyaromatic compounds containing carbazole subunits. Notably, the reaction mechanism involves unexpected oxoarylations, rather than oxidative Mannich reactions as known for but‐1‐yn‐4‐ols. Our control experiments indicate that the presence of a second alkyne as in 1,5‐diyn‐3‐ols enables such oxoarylations due to a weak bonding between gold and this alkyne, rending the tethered alcohol less conformationally flexible.
Biocompatible α‐Methylenation of Metabolic Butyraldehyde in Living Bacteria
Authors: Dennis Jonathan A. , Johnson Nick W. , Thorpe Thomas W. , Wallace Stephen
Published: July 2023

Small molecule organocatalysts are abundant in all living organisms. However, their use as organocatalysts in cells has been underexplored. Herein, we report that organocatalytic aldol chemistry can be interfaced with living Escherichia coli to enable the α‐methylenation of cellular aldehydes using biogenic amines such as L‐Pro or phosphate. The biocompatible reaction is mild and can be interfaced with butyraldehyde generated from D‐glucose via engineered metabolism to enable the production of 2‐methylenebutanal (2‐MB) and 2‐methylbutanal (2‐MBA) by anaerobic fermentation, and 2‐methylbutanol (2‐MBO) by whole‐cell catalysis. Overall, this study demonstrates the combination of non‐enzymatic organocatalytic and metabolic reactions in vivo for the sustainable synthesis of valuable non‐natural chemicals that cannot be accessed using enzymatic chemistry alone.
A Rapid Sputum‐based Lateral Flow Assay for Airway Eosinophilia using an RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme Selected for Eosinophil Peroxidase
Authors: Ali M. Monsur , Mukherjee Manali , Radford Katherine , Patel Zil , Capretta Alfredo , Nair Parameswaran , Brennan John D.
Published: July 2023

The first protein‐binding allosteric RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme (RCD) obtained by direct in vitro selection against eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), a validated marker for airway eosinophilia, is described. The RCD has nanomolar affinity for EPX, shows high selectivity against related peroxidases and other eosinophil proteins, and is resistant to degradation by mammalian nucleases. An optimized RCD was used to develop both fluorescence and lateral flow assays, which were evaluated using 38 minimally processed patient sputum samples (23 non‐eosinophilic, 15 eosinophilic), producing a clinical sensitivity of 100 % and specificity of 96 %. This RCD‐based lateral flow assay should allow for rapid evaluation of airway eosinophilia as an aid for guiding asthma therapy.
A Strategy for Controlling the Polymerizations of Thiyl Radical Propagation by RAFT Agents
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wang Yongjin , Huang Hanchu , Cao Derong
Published: July 2023

The ability to extend the polymerizations of thiyl radical propagation to be regulated by existing controlled methods would be highly desirable, yet remained very challenging to achieve because the thiyl radicals still cannot be reversibly controlled by these methods. In this article, we reported a novel strategy that could enable the radical ring‐opening polymerization of macrocyclic allylic sulfides, wherein propagating specie is thiyl radical, to be controlled by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents. The key to the success of this strategy is the propagating thiyl radical can undergo desulfurization with isocyanide and generate a stabilized alkyl radical for reversible control. Systematic optimization of the reaction conditions allowed good control over the polymerization, leading to the formation of polymers with well‐defined architectures, exemplified by the radical block copolymerization of macrocyclic allylic sulfides and vinyl monomers and the incorporation of sequence‐defined segments into the polymer backbone. This work represents a significant step toward directly enabling the polymerizations of heteroatom‐centered radical propagation to be regulated by existing reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization techniques.
A Bayesian statistics tutorial for clinical research: Prior distributions and meaningful results for small clinical samples
Authors: Larson Caroline , Kaplan David , Girolamo Teresa , Kover Sara T. , Eigsti Inge‐Marie
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Bayesian statistics provides an effective, reliable approach for research with small clinical samples and yields clinically meaningful results that can bridge research and practice. This tutorial demonstrates how Bayesian statistics can be effectively and reliably implemented with a small, heterogeneous participant sample to promote reproducible and clinically relevant research.

Methods/Results

We tested example research questions pertaining to language and clinical features in autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 20), a condition characterized by significant heterogeneity. We provide step‐by‐step instructions and visualizations detailing how to (1) identify and develop prior distributions from the literature base, (2) evaluate model convergence and reliability, and (3) compare models with different prior distributions to select the best performing model. Moreover, in step three, we demonstrate how to determine whether a sample size is sufficient for reliably interpreting model results. We also provide instructions detailing how to examine results with varied bounds of clinical interest, such as the probability that an effect will reflect at least one standard deviation change in scores on a standardized assessment. This information facilitates generalization and application of Bayesian results to a variety of clinical research questions and settings.

Conclusion

The tutorial concludes with suggestions for future clinical research, ensuring the utility of our step‐by‐step instructions for a broad clinical audience.
Autophagy mediates cementoblast mineralization under compression through periostin/β‐catenin axis
Authors: Yang Yuhui , Liu Hao , Wang Ruoxi , Zhao Yi , Zheng Yunfei , Huang Yiping , Li Weiran
Published: July 2023

Repair of orthodontic external root resorption and periodontal tissue dysfunction induced by mechanical force remains a clinical challenge. Cementoblasts are vital in cementum mineralization, a process important for restoring damaged cementum. Despite autophagy plays a role in mineralization under various environmental stimuli, the underlying mechanism of autophagy in mediating cementoblast mineralization remains unclear. Here we verified that murine cementoblasts exhibit compromised mineralization under compressive force. Autophagy was indispensable for cementoblast mineralization, and autophagic activation markedly reversed cementoblast mineralization and prevented cementum damage in mice during tooth movement. Subsequently, messenger RNA sequencing analyses identified periostin (Postn) as a mediator of autophagy and mineralization in cementoblasts. Cementoblast mineralization was significantly inhibited following the knockdown of Postn. Furthermore, Postn silencing suppressed Wnt signaling by modulating the stability of β‐catenin. Together our results highlight the role of autophagy in cementoblast mineralization via Postn/β‐catenin signaling under compressive force and may provide a new strategy for the remineralization of cementum and regeneration of periodontal tissue.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID‐19‐associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Watanabe Atsuyuki , Malik Aaqib , Aikawa Tadao , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kuno Toshiki
Published: July 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used for COVID‐19‐associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to elucidate the association between ECMO and mortality in patients with COVID‐19‐associated ARDS in the nationwide setting. United States National Inpatient Sample was used to identify mechanically ventilated adults for COVID‐19 with ARDS. We divided them into three groups according to the use of ECMO (i.e., no‐ECMO, venovenous [VV]‐ECMO, and venoarterial [VA]‐ECMO). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, while the secondary outcomes included the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the total costs during hospitalization. We performed a stepwise logistic regression, adjusting for baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and severity. We included 68 795 (mean age [SD]: 63.5 [0.1]), 3280 (mean age [SD]: 48.7 [0.5]), and 340 (mean age [SD]: 43.3 [2.1]) patients who received no‐, VV‐, and VA‐ECMO, respectively. The logistic regression analysis did not show significant associations between the use of VV‐/VA‐ECMO and mortality (adjusted odds ratio with no‐ECMO as reference [95% confidence interval]: 1.03 [0.86−1.24] and 1.18 [0.64−2.15], respectively). While LOS was longest with VV‐ECMO, the total costs were highest with VA‐ECMO. In conclusion, our study found no association between the use of ECMO and mortality of COVID‐19‐associated ARDS in the nationwide setting.
Regional wave climate projections forced by EURO‐CORDEX winds for the Black Sea and Sea of Azov towards the end of the 21st century
Authors: Çakmak Recep Emre , Çalışır Emre , Lemos Gil , Akpınar Adem , Semedo Alvaro , Cardoso Rita M. , Soares Pedro M. M.
Published: July 2023

Wave phenomena impact high commercial value coastal and offshore activities, infrastructures and transportation. The knowledge of future wave conditions allows for consistent long‐term planning and decision‐making. The present study aims to provide robust, reliable projections of the potential future wave conditions of the Black Sea under the influence of climate change. For this purpose, an eight‐member dynamic wave climate ensemble that accurately represents the Black Sea's present wave climate has been produced, and future projections are assessed and analysed here. The wave climate ensemble was obtained by forcing the Simulating Waves Nearshore spectral wave model with eight regional wind fields from the EURO‐CORDEX. The future simulations of the regional wind fields are based on the RCP8.5 high‐emission scenario. The historical wave climate of the ensemble was evaluated against ERA5 reanalysis data. Projected changes in the mean wind and wave characteristics are examined by comparing historical and future simulations. In addition, the projected trends in the annual means during the future period of the wave simulations for significant wave height (Hs) and wave energy flux are also analysed. The projections for Hs and wind speeds are pronounced with significant decreases down to −10% across the basin, especially in the eastern region of the Black Sea. Changes in the Hs 99% percentiles of up to 16% are projected to occur. The projected changes in the annual mean of the wave energy flux are close to the projected changes in Hs means, while the seasonal changes (between −15% and 12%) are expected to be higher.
Vegetation and climate dynamics at the dawn of human settlement: multiproxy palaeoenvironmental evidence from the Hashilan Wetland, western Iran
Authors: Safaierad Reza , Matthews Roger , Dupont Lydie , Zolitschka Bernd , Marinova Elena , Djamali Morteza , Vogt Christoph , Azizi Ghasem , Lahijani Hamid A.K. , Matthews Wendy
Published: July 2023

The scarcity of high‐resolution palaeoclimate records from the interior of West Asia has limited our understanding of the mechanisms of past climate change and their potential impacts on early human societies of the Eastern Fertile Crescent. Here, we present a multiproxy sedimentological, geochemical and palynological record from the Hashilan Wetland in the central Zagros Mountains, spanning the time interval from 22 to 2.2 kcal bp. Our results indicate a cold, dry climate for the last deglaciation (22 to 10 kcal
bp) with amplified aridity during the Last Glacial Maximum, Heinrich Stadial 1, the Younger Dryas and the 8.2 and 3.2 ka events. The Early Holocene (11.6 to 7.8 kcal
bp) is characterised by prolonged dry summers, frequent spring/summer dust storms and restricted oak woodlands that gradually expanded as summers shortened toward the second half of the Holocene (<6 kcal
bp). We show an out‐of‐phase Holocene moisture variation between the interior of West Asia and the Indian Summer Monsoon domain and conclude that summer insolation‐driven latitudinal shifts of the Hadley cell played a key role in seasonality changes in the interior of West Asia by modulating the strength and pathway of the subtropical high‐pressure cells. Finally, we explore possible impacts of these changes on regional prehistoric human communities.
Consumer engagement with AI‐powered voice assistants: A behavioral reasoning perspective
Authors: Acikgoz Fulya , Perez‐Vega Rodrigo , Okumus Fevzi , Stylos Nikolaos
Published: July 2023

This study draws upon Behavioral Reasoning Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to investigate consumer engagement with AI‐powered voice assistants. The study creates a theoretical model to examine the effects of reasons for and reasons against using voice assistants. This research exemplifies attitudes towards using voice assistants and willingness to provide personal information as key constructs. The current study tests data from 491 voice assistant users via mTurk, and we utilize a multimethod analysis scheme including the partial least squares technique and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis approach to provide an assessment of the proposed model. Findings indicated that while privacy cynicism has a negative impact upon the attitude towards using voice assistants, the countervailing values of trust, perceived usefulness, and ease of use have off‐setting positive impact. The study also highlights the moderating role of habit on the behavioral mechanisms driving consumer engagement via willingness to provide privacy information. This research advances the emerging literature on voice assistants with respect to privacy‐related factors driving consumer engagement.
The role of students' mathematics perception and self‐efficacy toward their mathematics achievement
Authors: Shone Enkosa Terefe , Weldemeskel Fisseha Mikre , Worku Berhanu Nigussie
Published: July 2023

Deterioration of students' mathematics achievement has been a common problem while their mathematics perception and self‐efficacy have been reported to determine their achievement. However, little is known about the potential relationships among them. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the extent of influence of students' mathematics perception and self‐efficacy toward mathematics achievement. Randomly selected 643 students for questionnaire, six mathematics teachers for interview and two FGDs were conducted with students. The findings revealed that students' mathematics perception and self‐efficacy were positively and strongly related to their mathematics achievement (r = 0.767, p < .001 and r = 0.797, p < .001) respectively. Regression result reported 75.4% of the variation in students' mathematics achievement was accounted for by students' mathematics perception and self‐efficacy (R2 = 75.4). The two predictors explained a statistically significant amount of variance in mathematics achievement, [F (2637) = 975.99, p = .001]. Mathematics perception [β = .44, t (17.56), p = .001] and self‐efficacy [β = .52, t (637) = 20.84, p = .001] were reported as significant predictors of students' mathematics achievement. There was a statistically significant gender difference in students' mathematics perception [t (641) = 2.77, p < .001], self‐efficacy [t (638) = 5.43, p < .001], and mathematics achievement [t (638) = 5.43, p < .001].
Pharmacological characterisation of the effort for reward task as a measure of motivation for reward in male mice
Authors: Marangoni Caterina , Tam Melissa , Robinson Emma S. J. , Jackson Megan G.
Published: July 2023

Rationale

Motivational deficits are a common symptom shared across multiple psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Effort-based decision-making tasks are a translatable method for assessing motivational state. Much of the preclinical validation of the task derives from acute pharmacological manipulations in rats. However, mice currently offer a greater genetic toolkit to study risk genes and phenotypic models. Despite this, there is limited characterisation of their behaviour in this type of motivation task.

Objectives

Here, we investigate the effort for reward (EfR) task as a measure of motivational state in mice using drugs previously shown to modulate effort-based decision-making in rats and humans.

Method

Using male C57bl/6j mice, we test the effects of drugs which modulate DA transmission. We also test the effects of CP101-606 which does not act directly via DA modulation but has been shown to exert beneficial effects on motivational state. Finally, we test the sensitivity of the task to a chronic corticosterone (CORT) treatment.

Results

Amphetamine, methylphenidate, and CP101606 in mice increased high-effort responses for high-value reward, while administration of haloperidol decreased high-effort responses. Surprisingly, tetrabenazine had no effect at the doses tested. Chronic, low-dose CORT consumption did not alter task performance.

Conclusion

These data suggest that the EfR task is sensitive to acute dopaminergic modulation and NR2B selective antagonism in mice. However, it may lack sensitivity to non-acute phenotypic models. Further work is required to demonstrate the utility of the task in this context.
Postural adjustments to self-triggered perturbations under conditions of changes in body orientation
Authors: Pascucci Francesco , Cesari Paola , Bertucco Matteo , Latash Mark L.
Published: July 2023

We studied anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments (APAs and CPAs) associated with self-triggered postural perturbations in conditions with changes in the initial body orientation. In particular, we were testing hypotheses on adjustments in the reciprocal and coactivation commands, role of proximal vs. distal muscles, and correlations between changes in indices of APAs and CPAs. Healthy young participants stood on a board with full support or reduced support area and held a standard load in the extended arms. They released the load in a self-paced manned with a standard small-amplitude arm movement. Electromyograms of 12 muscles were recorded and used to compute reciprocal and coactivation indices between three muscle pairs on both sides of the body. The subject’s body was oriented toward one of three targets: straight ahead, 60° to the left, and 60° to the right. Body orientation has stronger effects on proximal muscle pairs compared to distal muscles. It led to more consistent changes in the reciprocal command compared to the coactivation command. Indices of APAs and CPAs showed positive correlations across conditions. We conclude that the earlier suggested hierarchical relations between the reciprocal and coactivation command could be task-specific. Predominance of negative or positive correlations between APA and CPA indices could also be task-specific.
TrackAER: real-time event-based quantitative flow visualization
Authors: Rusch Alexander , Rösgen Thomas
Published: July 2023

We present a novel event-based quantitative flow visualization system, TrackAER, capable of continuously reconstructing, rendering and recording particle tracks in large test volumes without limitations on the measurement duration. Multiple event-based cameras are synchronized and calibrated to produce independent and asynchronous, yet temporally co-registered data streams of flow tracer positions. Subsequently, these data streams are merged into time-resolved three-dimensional particle tracks using photogrammetric techniques. Due to the operating principle of event cameras, the flow scenery is reduced to moving objects only, which effectively compresses the data stream at the camera source. In combination with an efficient data processing pipeline, the measurement system operates in real-time, reconstructing and rendering the investigated flow field without noticeable time lag. The data processing approach follows a “per-event” paradigm and enables the immediate observation and analysis of both, transient and long duration flow features. Specific issues resulting from event-based, frame-free processing are discussed as well as the advantages and limitations of event cameras. Exemplary results are provided to demonstrate the utility of the TrackAER system where Lagrangian particle track information is displayed in a virtual scene together with extracted quantitative information such as local flow velocities.
Correction to: Asymptotic moments of spatial branching processes
Authors: Gonzalez Isaac , Horton Emma , Kyprianou Andreas E.
Published: July 2023

We correct the statements of the non-critical convergence theorems in Gonzalez et al. (Probab Theory Rel Fields, 2022), principally correcting the recursive constants that appear in the limits.
Spherical Two-Distance Sets and Eigenvalues of Signed Graphs
Authors: Jiang Zilin , Tidor Jonathan , Yao Yuan , Zhang Shengtong , Zhao Yufei
Published: July 2023

We study the problem of determining the maximum size of a spherical two-distance set with two fixed angles (one acute and one obtuse) in high dimensions. Let $$N_{\alpha ,\beta }(d)$$

N

α
,
β

(
d
)

denote the maximum number of unit vectors in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

where all pairwise inner products lie in $$\{\alpha ,\beta \}$$

{
α
,
β
}

. For fixed $$-1\le \beta<0\le \alpha <1$$

-
1
≤
β
<
0
≤
α
<
1

, we propose a conjecture for the limit of $$N_{\alpha ,\beta }(d)/d$$

N

α
,
β

(
d
)

/
d

as $$d \rightarrow \infty $$

d
→
∞

in terms of eigenvalue multiplicities of signed graphs. We determine this limit when $$\alpha +2\beta <0$$

α
+
2
β
<
0

or $$(1-\alpha )/(\alpha -\beta ) \in \{1, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt{3}\}$$

(
1
-
α
)

/

(
α
-
β
)

∈

{
1
,

2

,

3

}

.

Our work builds on our recent resolution of the problem in the case of $$\alpha = -\beta $$

α
=
-
β

(corresponding to equiangular lines). It is the first determination of $$\lim _{d \rightarrow \infty } N_{\alpha ,\beta }(d)/d$$

lim

d
→
∞

N

α
,
β

(
d
)

/
d

for any nontrivial fixed values of $$\alpha $$
α
and $$\beta $$
β
outside of the equiangular lines setting.
Simultaneous optimization of design and maintenance for systems using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and discrete simulation
Authors: Cacereño Andrés , Greiner David , Galván Blas
Published: July 2023

When projecting and building new industrial facilities, getting integrated design alternatives and maintenance strategies are of critical importance to achieve the physical assets optimal performance, which is needed to be competitive in the actual global markets. Coupling Evolutionary Algorithms with Discrete Event Simulation has been explored both in relation to systems design and their maintenance strategy. However, it was not simultaneously considered when both the corrective and the preventive maintenance—consisting of achieving the optimum period of time to carry out a preventive maintenance activity—are taken into account before being considered by the authors of the present paper. This work couples Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms with Discrete Event Simulation in order to enhance the knowledge and efficiency of the methodology presented, which consists of exploring and optimizing simultaneously systems design alternatives and their preventive maintenance strategies. The aim consists of finding the best set of non-dominated solutions by using the system availability (first maximized objective function) with taking into consideration associated operational cost (second minimized objective function), while automatically selecting the system devices. Each solution proposed by the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm is analyzed by using Discrete Event Simulation in a procedure that looks at the effect of including periodic preventive maintenance activities all along the mission time. An industrial application case study is solved, and a comparison of the performance of five state-of-the-art and three more recently developed Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms is handled; moreover, the gap in the literature reviewed about the analysis regarding the effect of the discrete event simulation sampling size is faced with useful insights about the synergies of Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms and Discrete Event Simulation. Finally, the methodology is expanded to more complex systems which are successfully solved.
Why Health-enhancing Nudges Fail
Authors: Schramme Thomas
Published: July 2023

Nudges are means to influence the will formation of people to make specific choices more likely. My focus is on nudges that are supposed to improve the health condition of individuals and populations over and above the direct prevention of disease. I point out epistemic and moral problems with these types of nudges, which lead to my conclusion that health-enhancing nudges fail. They fail because we cannot know which choices enhance individual health—properly understood in a holistic way—and because health-enhancing nudges are often themselves bad for our health. They can be bad for our health because they assume inferior agency in their targets and accordingly regularly lead to appropriate resentment and anger—strong emotions which go along with an increased risk of health impairments. Briefly, health-enhancing nudges fail because they are based on persistent ignorance and on a presumptuous attitude.
Coagulopathy Characterized by Rotational Thromboelastometry in a Porcine Pediatric ECMO Model
Authors: Reed Christopher R. , Bonadonna Desiree , Everitt Jeffrey , Robinson Victoria , Otto James , Tracy Elisabeth T.
Published: July 2023

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is used to support patients with reversible cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Although it is a lifesaving technology, bleeding, inflammation, and thrombosis are well-described complications of ECMO. Adult porcine models of ECMO have been used to recapitulate the physiology and hemostatic consequences of ECMO cannulation in adults. However, these models lack the unique physiology and persistence of fetal forms of coagulation factors and fibrinogen as in human infants. We aimed to describe physiologic and coagulation parameters of piglets cannulated and supported with VA-ECMO. Four healthy piglets (5.7–6.4 kg) were cannulated via jugular vein and carotid artery by cutdown and supported for a maximum of 20 hours. Heparin was used with a goal activated clotting time of 180–220 seconds. Arterial blood gas (ABG) was performed hourly, and blood was transfused from an adult donor to maintain hematocrit (Hct) > 24%. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) was performed at seven time points. All animals achieved adequate flow with a patent circuit throughout the run (pre- and post-oxygenator pressure gradient <10 mmHg). There was slow but significant hemorrhage at cannulation, arterial line, and bladder catheter sites. All animals required the maximum blood transfusion volume available. All animals became anemic after exhaustion of blood for transfusion. ABG showed progressively declining Hct and adequate oxygenation. ROTEM demonstrated decreasing fibrin-only ROTEM (FIBTEM) clot firmness. Histology was overall unremarkable. Pediatric swine are an important model for the study of pediatric ECMO. We have demonstrated the feasibility of such a model while providing descriptions of physiologic, hematologic, and coagulation parameters throughout. Weak whole-blood clot firmness by ROTEM suggested defects in fibrinogen, and there was a clinical bleeding tendency in all animals studied. This model serves as an important means to study the complex derangements in hemostasis during ECMO.
Sustained Total All-Region (STAR) Perfusion: An Optimized Perfusion Strategy for Norwood Reconstruction
Authors: Siffring Travis , Prabhu Neel , Evans Amy , Dauch William , Smigla Gregory , Kaemmer David
Published: July 2023

Early iterations of the Norwood procedure used aortic cross-clamping, myocardial arrest, and, sometimes, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. The resulting hypothermia and prolonged ischemia caused frequent cardiac, neurologic, renal, and other end-organ dysfunctions. Our group describes a novel technique, sustained total all-region (STAR) perfusion, which circumvents these issues by providing continuous perfusion to the head, heart, and coronaries at temperatures of 32–34°C. A single DLP®straight venous cannula (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) is placed in the right atrium, and a DLP®pediatric arterial cannula, with a high-flow stopcock attached, is placed in the ascending aorta or innominate artery to provide flow to the head. A cardioplegia needle with walrus tubing is connected to the stopcock to provide flow to the coronary arteries. For lower body perfusion, an olive tip cannula is placed into the descending aorta lumen and attached to the 1/8″ line from the cardioplegia system which provides warm arterial blood flow. STAR perfusion allows the Norwood procedure to be completed with mild hypothermia and continuous perfusion to all vascular beds with reduced cardiopulmonary bypass as well as total operative times. This technique is successfully achieved with minimal changes to circuitry, minor modifications to heart–lung machine servoregulation and few additional cannulation disposables.
Point-of-Care Measurement of Kaolin Activated Clotting Time during Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Single Sample Comparison between ACT Plus and i-STAT
Authors: Vranken Nousjka P. A. , Theelen Amber J. A. J. , Orbons Tamar , Barenbrug Paul J. C. , Weerwind Patrick W.
Published: July 2023

Heparin anticoagulation monitoring by point-of-care activated clotting time (ACT) is essential for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) initiation, maintenance, and anticoagulant reversal. Concerns exist regarding the comparability of kaolin activated ACT devices. The current study, therefore, evaluated the agreement of ACT assays using parallel measurements performed on two commonly used devices. Measurements were conducted in a split-sample fashion on both the ACT Plus (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) and i-STAT (Abbott Point of Care, Princeton, NJ) analyzers. Blood samples from 100 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPB were assayed at specified time points: before heparinization, following systemic heparinization, after CPB initiation, every 30 minutes during CPB, and following protamine administration. A cutoff value of 400 seconds (s) was used as part of the local protocol. Measurements were compared usingttests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, linear regression, and Bland–Altman analyses. Parallel ACT measurements demonstrated a good linear correlation (r= .831,p< .001). The overall median difference between both measurements was significantly different from zero, amounting to 87 (14–189) (p< .001), with limits of agreement of −124 and 333s. The i-STAT-derived ACT values were systematically lower than the ACT Plus values, which was more pronounced during CPB. Fourteen patients received additional heparin during CPB at a median ACT Plus value of 414s, with a concomitant median i-STAT value of 316s. Assuming 308s as the theoretical i-STAT cutoff value based on the linear regression equation and an ACT Plus threshold of 400s, 29 patients would have received additional heparin. Based on these results, kaolin point-of-care ACT devices cannot be used interchangeably. Device-specific predefined target values are warranted to avert heparin overdosing during CPB.
Divergent selection and climate adaptation fuel genomic differentiation between sister species of Sphagnum (peat moss)
Authors: Piatkowski Bryan , Weston David J , Aguero Blanka , Duffy Aaron , Imwattana Karn , Healey Adam L , Schmutz Jeremy , Shaw A Jonathan
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims

New plant species can evolve through the reinforcement of reproductive isolation via local adaptation along habitat gradients. Peat mosses (Sphagnaceae) are an emerging model system for the study of evolutionary genomics and have well-documented niche differentiation among species. Recent molecular studies have demonstrated that the globally distributed species Sphagnum magellanicum is a complex of morphologically cryptic lineages that are phylogenetically and ecologically distinct. Here, we describe the architecture of genomic differentiation between two sister species in this complex known from eastern North America: the northern S. diabolicum and the largely southern S. magniae.

Methods

We sampled plant populations from across a latitudinal gradient in eastern North America and performed whole genome and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. These sequencing data were then analyzed computationally.

Key Results

Using sliding-window population genetic analyses we find that differentiation is concentrated within ‘islands’ of the genome spanning up to 400 kb that are characterized by elevated genetic divergence, suppressed recombination, reduced nucleotide diversity and increased rates of non-synonymous substitution. Sequence variants that are significantly associated with genetic structure and bioclimatic variables occur within genes that have functional enrichment for biological processes including abiotic stress response, photoperiodism and hormone-mediated signalling. Demographic modelling demonstrates that these two species diverged no more than 225 000 generations ago with secondary contact occurring where their ranges overlap.

Conclusions

We suggest that this heterogeneity of genomic differentiation is a result of linked selection and reflects the role of local adaptation to contrasting climatic zones in driving speciation. This research provides insight into the process of speciation in a group of ecologically important plants and strengthens our predictive understanding of how plant populations will respond as Earth’s climate rapidly changes.
Extent of intraspecific trait variability in ecologically central and marginal populations of a dominant alpine plant across European mountains
Authors: Turtureanu Pavel Dan , Pușcaș Mihai , Podar Dorina , Balázs Zoltán Robert , Hurdu Bogdan-Iuliu , Novikov Andriy , Renaud Julien , Saillard Amélie , Bec Stéphane , Șuteu Dana , Băcilă Ioan , Choler Philippe
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims

Studying trait variability and restricted gene flow between populations of species can reveal species dynamics. Peripheral populations commonly exhibit lower genetic diversity and trait variability due to isolation and ecological marginality, unlike central populations experiencing gene flow and optimal conditions. This study focused on Carex curvula, the dominant species in alpine acidic meadows of European mountain regions. The species is sparser in dry areas such as the Pyrenees and Balkans, compared to the Central–Eastern Alps and Carpathians. We hypothesized that distinct population groups could be identified based on their mean functional trait values and their correlation with the environment; we predicted that ecologically marginal populations would have stronger trait correlations, lower within-population trait variability (intraspecific trait variability, ITV) and lower genetic diversity than populations of optimal habitats.

Methods

Sampling was conducted in 34 populations that spanned the entire distribution range of C. curvula. We used hierarchical clustering to identify emergent functional groups of populations, defined by combinations of multiple traits associated with nutrient economy and drought tolerance (e.g. specific leaf area, anatomy). We contrasted the geographical distribution of these groups in relation to environment and genetic structure. We compared pairwise trait relationships, within-population trait variation (ITV) and neutral genetic diversity between groups.

Key Results

Our study identified emergent functional groups of populations. Those in the southernmost ranges, specifically the Pyrenees and Balkan region, showed drought-tolerant trait syndromes and correlated with indicators of limited water availability. While we noted a decline in population genetic diversity, we did not observe any significant changes in ITV in ecologically marginal (peripheral) populations.

Conclusions

Our research exemplifies the relationship between ecological marginality and geographical peripherality, which in this case study is linked to genetic depauperation but not to reduced ITV. Understanding these relationships is crucial for understanding the biogeographical factors shaping trait variation.