bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Magnetic Characteristic in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron
Authors: Matsumoto Akikazu , Kanetake Naoyuki
Published: March 2009

The spheroidal graphite cast iron is widely used as a structural material in an industrial field.
Possibility to be able to use by improving magnetic characteristic of spheroidal graphite as magnetic
circuit material of product related to electromagnetism besides structure material. In this study,
the influence that the amount of graphite precipitation , the matrix organization, and the structure
gave to a magnetic characteristic was investigated in the spheroidal graphite cast iron that makes
matrix ferrite by compounding C element and the Si element and heat-treatment. The graphite
was completely precipitated at the heat-treatment temperature of 1173K or more, the
organizatiom became a ferrite, and permeability rose. Moreover, Rough making by heat-treatment
the size about the particle size of the ferrite and the appearance of the Fe-Si phase have raised
permeability.
Nano-Order Structural Analysis of White Light-Emitting Silicon Oxide Prepared by Successive Thermal Carbonization/Oxidation of the Porous Silicon
Authors: Muto Shunsuke , Vasin A.V. , Ishikawa Yukari , Shibata Noriyoshi , Salonen Jarno , Lehto Vesa Pekka
Published: March 2009

Recently the present authors’ group found that porous silicon showed strong and stable
white/white-blue light emission after successive thermal carbonization and oxidation by water vapor.
This material can be considered as a price-competitive solid-state white-light source. We examined
these layers by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), energy-filtering transmission electron
microscopy (EFTEM). The EEL spectra indicated that the silicon skeleton in the porous layer was
completely oxidized by the thermal treatment in wet argon ambient and multi-types of carbon phases
were present in the 1073 K oxidized sample of stronger emission, while carbon complexes including
Si and/or O were formed in the 1223 K oxidized sample of weaker light emission. EF-TEM images
showed that carbon/oxygen were more uniformly distributed in the 1223 K oxidized sample. It is
assumed that the strong light-emitting properties are controlled by the size and internal chemical
bonding states of carbon clusters incorporated.
Material Characteristics and Electrical Modeling of Ultra Thin Copper Oxides in ULSI Application
Authors: Ohba Takayuki
Published: March 2009

With the highest brilliance synchrotron radiation X-ray (SPring-8) and TEM observations,
Cu oxides ranged 2-nm to 10-nm in thickness formed on sputtered Cu has been evaluated. For the
plasma-assisted Cu oxide, weak Cu2O and/or CuO X-ray diffraction pattern is observed, while no
diffraction pattern in native and thermally (170°C) grown oxides. Those native and thermal oxides
show Cu2O coordination observed by XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) method. This
suggests that Cu oxide formed at low temperatures consists of stoichiometric Cu2O in an amorphous
structure. According to the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) current emission model, the current emission
taking place at Cu2O decreases with increasing of the oxide thickness and its mean barrier height (φB)
in the MIM band structure. In case of current density at 106A/cm2 of 1V, it is estimated that the
allowable thickness of Cu oxides is approximately 1.5-nm at 1 eV of barrier height.
Performance of Titanium-Tungsten-Silicon-Aluminum Based Coated Cutting Tools
Authors: Wada Tadahiro
Published: March 2009

In order to determine an effective coating film for cutting carbon steels with a coated
cemented carbide tool, tool wear was experimentally investigated. Low carbon steel (AISI 5120H
steel) was turned with four kinds of physical vapor deposition (PVD) coated cemented carbide tools.
The coating films used were TiN coating film and three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum
based coating films, namely (Ti,W,Si,Al)N, (Ti,W,Si,Al)C and (Ti,W,Si,Al)(C,N) coating film.
(Ti,W,Si,Al)N, (Ti,W,Si,Al)C or (Ti,W,Si,Al)(C,N) is a new type of coating film. The following
results were obtained: (1) The critical load of three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum
based coating films was higher than that of TiN coating film. (2) The hardness of three kinds of
titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating films was higher than that of TiN coating film. (3)
In cutting low carbon steel, the wear progress of three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum
based coating film tools was slower than that of the TiN coated tool. (4) In the three kinds of
titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating films, the wear progress of the (Ti,W,Si,Al)N
coated tool was the slowest.
Ab-Inito Data for Interatomic Interactions in Zr-Rich ZrCu Alloys and Embedded-Atom-Method Potentials
Authors: Asato M. , Tamura R. , Fujima N. , Hoshino T.
Published: March 2009

The quantitative study for the stability of local atomic structures in bulk metallic glasses
(BMGs) with temperature effect on physical quantities of BMGs needs the molecular dynamics
simulation with the reliable interaction parameter model such as the Embedded-atom-method
potentials (EAMPs) which reproduce the ab-initio data as well as the experimental data. We present
the ab-initio data for inter-atomic interactions of Zr-rich ZrCu alloys and a preliminary result for the
EAMPs of Zr-rich ZrCu alloys.
Environment-Assisted Cracking of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Nakai Yoshikazu , Seki Makoto , Yoshioka Yasunori
Published: March 2009

Crack propagation tests on a bulk metallic glass, Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10, were conducted
either in aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions or deionized water. Crack growth experiments
were conducted under cyclic loading at a stress ratio of 0.1 or 0.5 under a loading frequency of 20
or 1.0 Hz. The experiments were also conducted under a sustained load. Although the crack
growth rate in deionized water was almost identical to that in air, the rate in NaCl solution was
much higher than that in air even in a very low concentration of NaCl such as 0.01%. In 3.5%
NaCl solution, the time-based crack propagation rate during cyclic loading, da/dt, was determined
by the maximum stress intensity factor, Kmax, but was independent of the loading frequency and the
stress ratio, and the rate was almost identical to that of environment-assisted cracking under a
sustained load.
Density and Enthalpy Relaxation Behavior in a Bulk Pd40Ni40P20 Metallic Glass
Authors: Haruyama Osami , Yamada Sadao
Published: March 2009

The kinetics of structural relaxation in a Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass was investigated by the
volume relaxation due to density experiments and the enthalpy relaxation due to specific heat experiments. A
two-step relaxation process was found in the volume relaxation, while the enthalpy relaxation seemed to be
one-step relaxation process with a spectrum of relaxation times. First-step volume relaxation only in
as-quenched glass was the process with a spread of relaxation times at lower relaxing temperature, while a
Debye-type relaxation behavior was observed at higher temperature near Tg and in pre-annealed glass. The
comparison of the kinetics of volume and enthalpy relaxations at the same temperature showed a disagreement
with the prediction of free volume theory.
Plastic Deformation of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-W Alloys at High Temperatures
Authors: Yokoyama Hitoshi , Yamasaki Tohru , Kikuchi Takeyuki , Fukami Takeshi
Published: March 2009

High-strength nanocrystalline Ni-W alloys containing 16.9 at. % W with average grain size
of about 6 nm in diameter has been obtained by electrodeposition. At room temperature, the nominal
tensile strength of the alloy was attained to about 1600 MPa, while the plastic strain before fracture
was a very low value of 0.05 %. In this case, highly localized shear bands were observed near the
fractured surface of the tensile test specimen. When the samples were annealed at 300 °C under a
static tensile stress of 327 MPa, the plastic strain was largely increased at the initial period of
annealing and then tended to saturate, i.e., 0.54 % for 2 h, respectively. Grain size of the Ni-W alloys
was almost saturated to 10 ~ 15 nm after annealing at 300°C for 2 h. It may be expected that the high
tensile stress during grain growth might be effective to obtain the large uniform plastic deformation of
nanocrystalline Ni-W alloys.
Low Cycle Fatigue of Electrodeposited Pure Nanocrystalline Metals
Authors: Cavaliere Pasquale
Published: March 2009

The fatigue behavior of metals is strongly governed by the grain size variation. As the
tensile strength, the fatigue limit increases with decreasing grain size in the microcrystalline regime.
A different trend in mechanical properties has been demonstrated in many papers for metals with
ultrafine (< 1 m) and nanocrystalline (< 100 nm) grain size in particular in the yield stress and
fatigue crack initiation and growth. The fatigue behavior of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni (20
and 40 nm mean grain size) and nanocrystalline Co (20 nm) has been analyzed in the present paper
by means of stress controlled tests. The monothonic mechanical properties of the materials were
obtained from tensile tests by employing an Instron 5800 machine by measuring the strain with an
extensometer up to 2.5% maximum strain. The strain gage specimen dimensions measured 20 mm
length and 5 mm width, all the specimens were produced by electro-discharge machining. The low
cycle fatigue tests were performed with specimens of the same geometry of the tensile ones in
tension-tension with load ratio R=0.25. The fatigue crack propagation experiments were carried out
by employing single edge notched specimens measuring 39 mm in length, 9.9 mm in width and
with an electro-discharge machined edge-notch of 1 mm. All the endurance fatigue and crack
propagation tests were performed at 10 Hz.
Defect Structures in Al-Ni-Rh Crystalline Approximants Studied by HREM and HAADF Techniques
Authors: Sun Wei , Chen Y.H. , Wang J.P. , Zhang Z.
Published: March 2009

By means of a combination of high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and
high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM)
techniques, we have directly revealed that periodic arrangements in different manners for flattened
hexagons constructed with atom columnar clusters can form two Al-Ni-Rh crystalline approximant
phases. In contrast to periodic arrangements of flattened hexagons, configurations and distributions
of various defects in these structurally-complicated alloy phases have been examined and their
structural characteristics discussed. HREM observations clearly show that structural defects in
Al-Ni-Rh crystalline approximants are of phason type and they are correlated with incorrect
arrangements of atom columnar clusters. The distribution of high density planar defects can destroy
the long-range periodicity in at least one direction in the pseudo decagonal symmetry plane. By
means of the HAADF-STEM imaging technique, the existence of ill-formed atom columnar clusters
in the core area of a linear defect, which is usually not visible in HREM observations, has been clearly
revealed.
SiC Nanowires Synthesized by Microwave Heating
Authors: Lu Bin , Liu J.X. , Zhu H.W. , Jiao X.H.
Published: March 2009

Large-scale silicon carbide nanowires are prepared by pure silicon powder and phenolic
resin, which are mixed, molded, carbonizated, and then subjected to the microwave heating with a
rate of 10oC/min between 1300 and 1400oC in the static argon atmosphere for 0.5~2h. The patterns of
the SiC nanowires are characterized by means of SEM, the composition of the samples are determined
through EDX. The prepared nanowires have the diameters between 20 to 100nm. The current results
imply that liquid silicon can act as a catalyzer during the formation of SiC nanowires.Introduction
Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes by Iijima[1], there has been great interest in the synthesis
and characterization of other one-dimensional (1D) structures. Nanowires, nanorods and nanobelts
constitute an important class of 1D nanostructures, which provide models to study the relationship
between electrical transport, optical and other properties with dimensionality and size
confinemen[2~7]. The 1D nanowires can also act as active components in devices as revealed by recent
investigations[8,9]. Up to now, several techniques for preparing SiC nanowires have been developed.
Dai et al.[5] synthesized SiC nanorods via the reaction of carbon nanotubes with SiO. Zhou et al. [6]
synthesized SiC nanowires by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Liang et al.[9] grew SiC
nanowires by carbothermal reduction of silica xerogels embedded with Fe nanoparticles, etc.
However, many of these routes involved complex processes and high cost. The usage of metal catalyst
for the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mechanism makes it difficult to remove the resident catalyst
after the synthetic process. In this paper, it is reported that a simple and low cost synthetic route is
developed for the preparation of SiC nanowires by microwave heating technique without any catalyst.
The prepared nanowires have core-shell structure with the diameters between 20 to 100nm. The
growth of these SiC nanowires is considered to involve a VLS process.
Orientation Dependent Internal Friction of Textured Ti-Nb-Al Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Yamamoto Y. , Inamura Tomonari , Wakashima Kenji , Kim Hee Young , Miyazaki Shuichi , Hosoda Hideki
Published: March 2009

Internal friction of Ti-24mol%Nb-3mol%Al (Ti-24Nb-3Al) shape memory alloy with a
well-developed texture was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in a tensile mode
with a frequency of 1Hz and a temperature range of 123~423K. Ti-24Nb-3Al alloy fabricated by
Ar arc-melting was cold-rolled with a reduction in thickness of 99% and then heat-treated at 1173K
for 3.6ks in vacuum to develop a recrystallization texture. The martensitic transformation
temperature and internal friction (tan δ) were evaluated under the stress amplitude of 36MPa. The
tensile direction was selected to be the rolling direction (RD) and the transverse direction (TD).
The specimen was β-single phase with a well-developed {112}β<110>β texture at room temperature
and exhibited high damping during martensitic transformation and in the martensite phase. The
relationship between internal friction and the tensile direction is discussed on the view point of the
crystallography of the transformation.
New Mathematical Models for Effective Drug Diffusivity Estimation in 2D
Authors: Wang Song , Lou Xia
Published: March 2009

In this paper we propose several new mathematical models for estimating effective diffusivities of a drug
released from a cylinder device to an external finite volume. These models can handle problems with ‘initial burst’ and
boundary layers. Analytical solutions to the models are derived. To determine the unknown effective diffusivity, time of
a initial burst and width of the effective boundary layer, a least-squares method can be used for a given experimental
data set. The models were tested using experimental data and the numerical results show the usefulness and accuracy of
these models.
Novel Waste Processing by Means of Mechanochemical Treatment
Authors: Zhang Qi Wu , Saito Fumio
Published: March 2009

As the extension of mineral processing, recycling metals from wastes is very important
for a sustainable society. We have been working on mechanochemistry and its engineering
applications. One of the applications is to recover and separate useful components from different
kinds of wastes emitted in our society. When a waste sample is subjected to grinding in air so called
mechanical treatment, it changes its structure to disordered system, resulting in chemical reactions
with other substances when it takes over the certain level of energy. Depending on the existing
states of target elements in the wastes, mechanical activation and mechanochemical (MC) reaction
can be applied for the recycling of useful compositions and a process based on MC treatment has
been developed.
We will report several examples from our research experiences at the conference. The first
example is to recover rare earths from fluorescent powders in waste lamps. The waste is firstly
subjected to dry grinding to cause amorphization of their structures. This amorphization makes it
possible to dissolve the rare earths from the waste at high yield by leaching with mild acid solution
at room temperature. Similar phenomenon can be seen in the case of ITO (indium tin oxide) scrap
when it is ground, followed by leaching with acid solution. In this case, dry grinding the scrap
induces disordering the In2O3 in the scrap, leading to high dissolution of In2O3 by leaching with
weak acid solution at room temperature. The presence of alumina (α-Al2O3) in the scrap plays a
significant role to the amorphization. Another advanced waste processing is to recover molybdenum
(Mo), vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) sulphide in catalysts in oil refineries. The processing is based
on MC reactions between the sulphides and additives. That is, the sulphides are subjected to dry
grinding with additives such as CaO, MnO2 and Na2CO3 to transform them into molybdate and
vanadate. Subsequent water leaching allows us to recover Mo and V from the ground product.
Other successful example is dry grinding metals or their oxides with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to
transform into chlorides, which dissolve easily in water at ambient condition. The waste processing
described above is now in the investigation on industrial applications, and this is a great expectation
in the field of industries which emit such waste materials.
Ammonia Synthesis Using Atomic Hydrogen Supplied From Silver-Palladium Alloy Membrane
Authors: Itoh M. , Saito M. , Tajima N. , Machida K.
Published: March 2009

Ammonia formation activity was studied on the Ru/(MgO-CeO2) catalyst loaded on a
Ag-Pd hydrogen permeable membrane. The ammonia formation rate for the membrane reactor was
more increased than that based on the conventional flow-type one due to the high reactivity of
atomic hydrogen supplied from the Ag-Pd membrane. In addition, other on-site hydrogen
generation type membrane reactor was also constructed, where the Ag-Pd alloy membrane was not
only atomic hydrogen supplier but also an electrode for water electrolysis. Ammonia was
effectively formed even at 373 K on this membrane reactor with the electrodeposited Ru metal
powder catalyst.
Structural Characterization of D2 in Cu3(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylate)2 Using Neutron Powder Diffraction
Authors: Peterson Vanessa K. , Liu Yun , Brown Craig M. , Kepert Cameron J.
Published: March 2009

Sorption of ten different quantities of D2 within the porous coordination metal framework
Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2 were studied using neutron powder diffraction. D2 sorption in the
porous material reached saturation (at 25 K) at an amount equivalent to ~6.5 wt. % H2. Rietveld
analyses revealed that at saturation there are two saturated small pore and three saturated large pore
sites, in addition to the primary site at the coordinatively unsaturated Cu. We reveal that the linked
bimodal pore system provides up to nine distinct sites for D2, at moderate D2 concentrations up to
saturation. Intermediate sites are attributed to local D2-D2 interaction within the confined pore
spaces. Within the small and large pores one, and two, intermediate sites are identified, respectively.
The population of D2 at each site was found to affect the host lattice.
Hydrogenation Characteristics of Mg Based Alloy Prepared by Super Lamination Technique
Authors: Mori Ryota , Miyamura Hiroshi , Kikuchi Shiomi , Tanaka Koji , Takeichi Nobuhiko , Tanaka Hideaki , Kuriyama Nobuhiro , Ueda Tamotsu T. , Tsukahara Makoto
Published: March 2009

In order to improve the hydrogenation property of Mg/Ti laminate composite, Ni was
added as a third element. Hydrogen storage properties of the laminated Mg/Ti/Ni alloy films were
studied. Laminated Mg/Ti/Ni multilayer alloy films were prepared by cold rolling of stacked Mg,
Ti and Ni under ambient conditions. The stacked foils were subjected to repetition of rolling and
stacking, resulting in super-laminated foils with the thickness less than 0.3mm, containing more
than 15000 layers. Microstructures of the super-laminates were studied by scanning electron
microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Their hydrogenation behaviors were investigated by use of a
Sieverts type apparatus. The hydrogen storage capacity (H/M) of the laminate with composition
Mg/Ti/Ni=9.0/0.9/0.1 amounted H/M=1.6 at 573K, 0.4MPa. Initial activation property was
improved by controlling the amount of Ni appropreately.
Recycled Aluminum Alloy Matrix Composites with Artificial Pellets Made of Incineration Ashes
Authors: Iwabuchi Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Isao
Published: March 2009

This research article describes the newly developed composite material using the artificial
pellets made of incineration ashes and recycled aluminum alloys. The factor affecting its various
properties was investigated and discussed. Through trial and error, the hybrid preform with good
soundness and preferable dispersion of the pellets could be obtained. The density and compression
strength and thermal conductivity were measured in comparison of other structural materials.
Three-Dimensional Zinc Mapping inside Aluminum Foams Using Synchrotron X-Ray Microtomography
Authors: Ohgaki Tomomi , Takami Y. , Toda Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Toshiro , Suzuki Y. , Uesugi Kentaro , Makii Koichi , Takagi Toshiaki , Aruga Yasuhiro
Published: March 2009

Three-dimensional zinc mapping based on X-ray K-edge scanning has been performed.
By microtomographies with energies above and below the K-absorption edges of the elements, the
concentration distribution of the elements is evaluated during in-situ experiments, respectively. It is
found that the Zn concentration distribution during the heat treatment was changed inside the cell
wall of the aluminum foams and it has been homogenized. Also several precipitated phase
transformation can be three-dimensionally visualized by the CT-method tuning X-ray energies.
Fabrication of Cermet Nuclear Fuels Designed for the Transmutation of Transuranic Isotopes
Authors: McDeavitt S.M. , Parkison A. , Totemeier A.R. , Wegener J.J.
Published: March 2009

The Uranium Extraction (UREX) family of processes uses solvent extraction techniques
designed to partition spent uranium and transuranic (TRU) isotopes from fission product waste.
Once separated, the collective TRU elements (Np, Pu, Am, and Cm) can be recycled in advanced
nuclear energy systems. A zirconium matrix cermet is proposed as a fuel form for this application.
Processing methods have been designed to convert the TRU product and spent Zircaloy cladding
into feed materials for the hot extrusion of the cermet fuel pins. The TRU conversion process is
being developed using a surrogate mixture of uranium and cerium nitrate solutions to generate
mixed oxide microspheres. The Zircaloy recovery process is a hydride-dehydride method that is
being demonstrated at the bench scale. The powder products from these methods may be combined
through hot extrusion into a cermet composite; demonstration experiments using zirconium powder
and zirconia microspheres have been completed.
Co Addition Effect on the Precipitation Behavior of Laves Phase in Fe-10Cr Ferritic Alloy
Authors: Kim Ick Soo , Lee S.M. , Kim Joo Yong , Watanabe Yoshimi , Sato Hisashi , Zhang Zuo Gui , Jung H.R. , Kang Chang Yong
Published: March 2009

Ferritic heat-resistant steel comprises basic alloys of Fe-10mass%Cr-W. This study
investigates how stress, the addition of Co, and tempering before aging affect the precipitation of
the Laves phase of Fe-10Cr-6W ferritic heat-resistant steel, which is used in ultra-supercritical
power plants and nuclear reactor materials. The study also investigates the mechanical properties of
the steel. Precipitation of the Laves phase by aging increases the tensile strength, but decreases the
elongation and impact strength of the alloys. Toughness of the alloys decreases greatly as very fine
disk-like Laves phases appear in early aging stage. The strength and impact value of the steel
decrease when the steel is tempered before aging. This is mainly due to decrease of density and
increase of the particle size in the Laves phase. Since precipitation of the Laves phase increases by
addition of Co; the strength increases and the elongation and impact value decrease.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Plasma-Sprayed Molybdenum for Plasma Facing Materials
Authors: Yao Wei Zhi , Song Shu Xiang , Zhou Zhang Jian , Cong Wei Wei , Ge Chang Chun
Published: March 2009

Molybdenum has many prominent properties, such as high melting point, good thermal
properties, and low erosion rate and so on, which make it promising candidate materials for plasma
facing materials in the next fusion reactor. In this paper, Molybdenum coatings were deposited onto
the oxygen-free copper substrates by atmospheric plasma spraying. The spraying parameters had been
carefully selected. Different interlayers were induced between the substrate and the coating. SEM and
XRD were used to investigate the photographs and compositions of these coatings. The
micro-hardness and bonding strength were also tested. Thermal behaviors of the coatings were
evaluated by thermal shock tests. The coatings with interlayers showed better resistance of thermal
shock but lower bonding strength compared to coatings that without interlayers.
Mechanical Properties and Press Formability of Mg Alloy Processed by Cross-Roll Rolling
Authors: Chino Yasumasa , Sassa Kensuke , Kamiya Akira , Saito Naobumi , Mabuchi Mamoru
Published: March 2009

Cross-roll rolling with different rolling routes (unidirectional rolling and reverse rolling)
was carried out on a commercial Mg alloy sheets. In the cross-roll rolling, the roll axis was tilted by
7.5 degrees against the transverse direction. As a result of the Erichsen tests at 433 – 493 K, the stretch
formability of the reverse cross-rolled specimen was higher than that of the unidirectional cross-rolled
specimen. The reverse cross-rolled specimen showed lower average Lankford value compared with
the unidirectional cross-rolled specimen. This is likely to be responsible for the enhanced stretch
formability of the reverse cross-rolled specimen. The higher stretch formability was attributed to
reduction of (0002) texture intensity, which was originated from random grain distribution.
Gas Velocity Measurements of Close-Coupled Atomizers
Authors: Zhao Shun Li , Fan Jun Fei , Ren San Bing , Le Hai Rong
Published: March 2009

It is commonly considered that the character of atomizing gas-flowing field would affect
breaking method of molten metal, liquid droplet size and mass distribution. It is one of the important
factors which determine the microstructure and metallurgical quality of products. In this paper, three
types of atomizers were designed and Pitot tube was used to investigate the steady state gas flow field
generated by a close-coupled spray deposition atomizer. Through the study of atomization gas
velocity distribution by simulation and experiment, the construction and gas flow dynamical property
were introduced in this paper.
Experimental Investigation of Isotropic and Kinematic Hardening in Al-3Cu-0.05Sn (wt%)
Authors: da Costa Teixeira Julien , Bourgeois Laure , Sinclair Chad W. , Hutchinson Christopher R.
Published: March 2009

The work hardening behavior of an Al-3Cu-0.05Sn (wt %) alloy was studied using tensile
tests and Bauschinger tests. Emphasis is placed on the influence of the precipitation state (number
density, size distribution and volume fraction) and separating the isotropic and kinematic
components of the work hardening.
Iterative Modification of Lumped Heat Capacity Method on Predicting Residual Stress and Distortion of Still-Quenched S45C Steel Cylinder
Authors: Sugianto A. , Narazaki Michiharu , Kogawara M.
Published: March 2009

Computer simulation can be utilized to predict the property and quality of heat-treated
products. The prediction accuracy depends upon the thermal boundary condition and the thermal
history from which surface heat transfer coefficient (HTC) is derived. Variables studied are thermal
boundary and the surface HTC. Zone-based thermal boundary is set with and without edge effect.
Lumped heat capacity method is used to predict HTC of silver probe (1st step), then iterative
modification method is applied to the prediction of HTC of SUS304 cylinder (2nd step) and S45C
cylinder itself (3rd step). Using FEM tool of DEFORM-HT combined with lumped heat program
LUMPPROB, this research is intended to obtain the number of thermal boundary and iterative
modification step. The higher accuracy is obtained by employing the edge effect of thermal boundary.
The 2nd step significantly increases the prediction accuracy of radial distortion and residual stress
distribution. However, 3rd step does not significantly increase the prediction accuracy.
Effect of the Guide-Roll Positional Angle to the Stability of Radial Ring Rolling
Authors: Hao Yong Xing , Hua Lin , Chen Gui Shan , Wang Dao Ming
Published: March 2009

Non-stability factors affect stability of radial ring rolling process, and lead to fluctuating of
ring position. This decreases rolling precision. Evaluating stability of the process is very important. A
stability evaluating method is proposed. The stability can be measured with the mean square root of
sequence of oscillation of ring geometrical centerline displacement. Using ABAQUS/Explicit, the
stability is analyzed. It is showed that guide-roll position angle has the significant effect to the
stability. If guide-roll is located at the tangential position to the ring’s fringe, the stability will vary
with the angle between two planes. One passes through axes of guide roll and ring blank, and another
passes through axes of drive roll and ring blank. The stability is highest when guide roll is situated at
the position angle of 100˚to 130˚at exit side of ring rolling mill.
Improved FE Modeling of Center Crack Occurrence in Tube Rounds during Two-Roll Rotary Rolling Process
Authors: Li Sheng Zhi , Xu Jie , Duan X.G. , Zheng J.M. , Xue J.G. , Pan Feng
Published: March 2009

Using Oyane ductile fracture criterion, a 2-D coupled thermo-mechanical simulation of
center crack occurrence in round billet during 2-roll rotary rolling process is presented with the aid
of FE code MSC.Superform. Based on an existing flat-die-model, an improved FE model is
advanced, in which not only the influence of roll feed angle and entry cone angle but also the
diameter of the piercing roll on the process are taken into account. By adopting the parameters of
the Diescher piercer in 140mm Mandrel Mill of Bao Steel in China, the distribution and
development of strain/stress in tube rounds are analyzed, and the eigenvalue of ductile fracture as
well. The critical percentage of diameter reduction is obtained from the simulation. The result
shows a good agreement with the experimental value, and therefore is of widely guiding
significance to practical process for rationally formulating deformation parameters of steel tube
piercing.
Numerical Modelling of Spray Formed Grain Size Evolution
Authors: Mi Jia Wei , Grant Patrick S.
Published: March 2009

A numerical model has been developed to simulate the distribution of polygonal grain
size in a sprayed microstructure formed from an alloy droplet spray containing a large number of
solid, mushy and liquid droplets. The model takes into account the effects of: (1) the droplet size
distribution; (2) its corresponding distribution of solid, mushy and liquid droplets at the instant of
deposition; (3) the overall thermal condition of the spray formed preform during final solidification.
The model has been validated against experiments of the spray forming of Ni superalloy rings, with
modelled grain size distributions giving good agreement with measurements obtained by electron
backscatter diffraction.
Optimum Cooling Channels Design and Thermal Analysis of an Injection Moulded Plastic Part Mould
Authors: Saifullah Abul B.M. , Masood Syed H.
Published: March 2009

Cooling channel design is important in mould designs to achieve shorter cycles,
dimensional stability and reduced part stresses. Traditionally, cooling channels have been machined
into mould components to avoid interference with the ejection system, coring, cavity and other
mould details. Over the years straight drilled cooling channels have given away, in part, to
conformal cooling technique often using free form fabrication techniques. This paper presents a
study of optimised mould design with conformal cooling channel using finite element analysis.
Various configurations of conformal cooling channels have been developed. The part cooling time
using the conformal cooling channels and the straight cooling channels in the mould are computed
using the Pro/Mechanica Thermal FEA software. Results are presented based on temperature
distribution and cooling time using steady state and transient analysis conditions. The results show a
reduction in cycle time for the plastic part with conformal cooling channel design.
Characterization of Precipitates by Three-Dimensional Electron Tomography
Authors: Kaneko Kenji , Sato Keisuke , Horita Z. , Inoke Koji
Published: March 2009

Structures and morphologies of Ge precipitates in an Al-Ge alloy were characterized by a
combination of transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional electron tomography.
Faceting of the precipitates was clearly seen using transmission electron microscopy and varieties
of precipitate morphologies were identified by three-dimensional electron tomography.
Direct Observation of Nanostructural Fluctuation during Radiation-Induced Amorphization
Authors: Watanabe S.
Published: March 2009

An atomistic study of radiation-induced amorphization in the NiTi intermetallic
compound was performed by using in-situ high-resolution high-voltage electron microscopy and
molecular dynamics in conjunction with image simulations. Both theoretical and experimental
results show that metastable nanometer-size inherent atomic clusters form and disappear during
irradiation, so that a spatiotemporal fluctuation under amorphization is induced. The random
formation and annihilation of such inherent nanoclusters are believed to be responsible for these
fluctuations, which appear to be related to transitions between the ideal glass state and metastable,
unrelaxed states in an energy-dissipative system under irradiation.
Physical Aging and Creep Behavior of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)
Authors: Luo Wen Bo , Tang Xin , Zhao Rong Guo , Tan Jiang Hua , Tomita Yoshihiro
Published: March 2009

In this work, the physical aging and its effect on nonlinear creep behavior of poly(methyl
methacrylate) are presented. After annealing above Tg to release the previous thermal and stress
history, the samples were quenched to 60oC, aged for various times, and were then tested at three
different stress levels (22MPa, 26MPa and 30MPa) at room temperature of 27oC. At each stress level,
the creep strain was converted to compliance and measured as a function of test time and aging time.
The test results show that higher stress accelerates creep rate of the material while physical aging
plays a reverse role. The time-aging time superposition is applicable to build a master creep
compliance curve at each stress level, and it is demonstrated that the shift rate deceases with
increasing stress. Moreover, based on the time-stress superposition principle, a unified master curve
was constructed by further shifting the sub-master curves at 30MPa and 26 MPa to a reference stress
level of 22MPa.
Physical Properties of Li2Pd3B and Li2Pt3B Superconductors
Authors: Takeya Hiroyuki , Kasahara Shigeru , El Massalami Mohammed , Mochiku Takashi , Hirata Kazuto , Togano Kazumasa
Published: March 2009

Superconductivity in two Li-containing compounds of Li2Pd3B and Li2Pt3B was recently
discovered. These materials, showing the superconducting transition at 7.2 K and 2.6 K,
respectively, have the same cubic structure (P4332) composed of distorted octahedrons without
mirror or inversion symmetry along any directions. This is a very interesting feature of those
materials in relation to the symmetry of superconductivity. Resistivity measurements in magnetic
fields gave their upper critical fields, Hc2(0) = 45 kOe and 19 kOe, respectively. Their specific heat
was measured using a heat-pulse relaxation method. The Sommerfeld coefficient (γ) and Debye
temperature (θD) terms of Li2Pd3B were given as γ=9.5 mJmol-1K-2 and θD=228 K . The value of
C/γT at Tc was calculated to be 1.7. In the same manner, those parameters were described for
Li2Pt3B as γ=9.6 mJmol-1K-2, θD=240 K, and C/γTc =0.75, respectively. Since C/γTC in the weakcoupling
limit by the BCS theory is 1.43, the value of 1.7 for Li2Pd3B is slightly higher. The
electronic specific heat of Li2Pd3B at a zero magnetic field follows the typical exponetial behavior
discribed in the BCS theory, while that of Li2Pt3B shows quadratic behavior. This result suggests
the line nodes exist in the superconducting gap of Li2Pt3B driven by the spin-orbit interaction.
X-Ray Reflectivity Studies of Pt/AlN Multilayered Films
Authors: Harumoto Takashi , Shi Ji , Nakamura Yoshio
Published: March 2009

Pt/AlN multilayered films fabricated by alternative sputtering deposition were
characterized by X-Ray Reflectometry and X-Ray Diffraction. As-deposited films have (111) and
(001) preferred orientation for Pt and AlN, respectively. The X-Ray Reflectivity profiles are
assigned to the total reflection and Bragg reflections due to periodic layer structure. The Bragg
peaks are observed at the 2Theta range beyond 15 degree and the peak intensities increase after
annealing. The reflectivity of the first order Bragg reflection is approximately 65% and is stable
after annealing at 873K. Simulation of the reflectivity profile has shown roughnesses of the Pt/AlN
interfaces are below 0.4nm. X-Ray Diffraction revealed the development of film texture and
formation of superlattice by annealing. The latter indicates periodicity of film is very high.
Effect of Shot-Peening on Fine Grain Steel
Authors: Seki Katsuhiro , Munetoh Hashimoto , Gotoh Masahide , Hirose Hajime
Published: March 2009

Recently, the study of fine grain steels aimed at achieving into high strength has become
active. Welding is one of the most effective methods for connecting the structural components. For
those cases, the negative influence of any residual tensile stress induced during the welding process
must be considered. It has been proved that shot-peening can effectively solve this problem.
However, the influence of the Shot-Peening process on fine grain steels after welding has only been
briefly reported up to now. In this study, fine grain steels were used, and specimens were obtained
after heat treatment. Residual stress distributions near the surface of the fine grain steel after
shot-peening were measured by X-ray diffraction technology. Moreover, the effect of hardness on
distributions near the shot-peened surface was also estimated.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of Oxidation of Single Crystal Silicon Carbide at High Temperature
Authors: Chayasombat Bralee , Tarumi N. , Kato T. , Hirayama Tsukasa , Sasaki Katsuhiro , Kuroda Kotaro
Published: March 2009

The microstructures of high-temperature oxide scales on the Si-terminated surface and
C-terminated surface of 6H-SiC were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We
found that mechanical polishing caused surface strains, about 100 nm in depth, on both sides of
specimens. Mechanically polished specimens were oxidized at 1473 K for 20 h in air. Oxide scales
of about 250 nm in thickness were formed on the Si-terminated surface and of about 400 nm on the
C-terminated surface. Since the strain regions caused by mechanical polishing were oxidized,
strains were no longer observed. As a result, this oxidation condition effectively removed the strains.
The oxide scales were identified as amorphous silica on the Si-terminated face, while crystalline
oxides and amorphous silica were observed on the C-terminated face.
Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of WC-Co Based Alloys inH2SO4
Authors: Sunada Satoshi , Hosada Yukihiro , Yamamoto Tsutomu , Majima Kazuhiko
Published: March 2009

Three cemented carbide specimens, i.e., WC-Co (Sample A), WC-Cr3C2-Co (Sample B)
and WC-βt-Co (Sample C) in which βt indicates (Ti,W,Ta,Nb)C, are prepared by liquid phase
sintering, and their corrosion behavior has been investigated by the electrochemical methods. The
similar activation, passive state and over passive state regions as SUS304 stainless steel during the
polarization test, and the preferential dissolution of Co were observed for all of the three specimens
mentioned above. Both Cr3C2 and βt improved the corrosion resistance of WC-Co alloy, in which
the effect of the former was better than that of the latter. Sample B also showed the best corrosion
resistance in all the samples for the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test.
Particle Size Characterisation of Tin Oxide (SnO2) Precipitated by Various Techniques: Consistency of Data
Authors: Taib H. , Sorrell Charles C.
Published: March 2009

The particle size distributions of tin oxide powders produced from the calcining of
precipitated tin oxalate were determined by four methods, these being two static and two dynamic
light scattering techniques. Although the individual particle sizes were ~ 75 nm, all of the powders
were heavily agglomerated as plates. The non-spherical shape resulted in the following
interpretational problems:
• None of the measurements was in agreement with any others.
• There were very significant disagreements between the two light scattering methods.
• The particle size distributions were multimodal.
• The main peaks in the distribution curves, which were used to calculate the averages and standard
deviations, were not Gaussian.
The main uncertainty with these data is associated with the non-spherical agglomerates, which
result in the multimodal size distributions. These probably were caused by variable-sized but large
platy agglomerates.
An Investigation of TiO2 Thin Film in Dye Sesitized Solar Cells by Electrophoresis Method
Authors: Chang Ho , Chen Wei An , Kao Mu Jung
Published: March 2009

This research adopts modified Submerged Arc Nanoparticle Synthesis System to produce
TiO2 nanoparticle which has good roundness and consistence in size. The TiO2 nanoparticle
produced is coated on conductive glass by electrophoresis, and then combined with dyes, electrolyte
(I-/I3
-), carbon film and conductive glass to produce dye sensitized solar cells; its electro-optical
conversion efficiency is measured. As the results of experiment show, the average roundness of
those TiO2 nanoparticle is 1.29 nm and their average diameter is 26.5 nm. In the process electric
current, electric voltage, and time to finish the film are controlled to obtain TiO2 film with thickness
of 0.5~1.3μm . To make TiO2 nanofilm by electrophoresis has the advantages of high flatness and
high roughness, and can increase the effects of dye coating. In addition, the dye sensitized solar
cells produced are exposed to Metal Halide Lamp, and their electro-optical conversion efficiency is
measured. The results show that the electro-optical conversion efficiency is higher than commercial
ones.
A Study on Dynamic Stability of the Fe3O4 Magnetorheological Fluid
Authors: Chang Ho , Tsai Kuan Lin , Tsung Tsing Tshih
Published: March 2009

In this paper investigates the dynamic stability of Fe3O4 magnetorheological fluid
produced by Submerged Arc Nanoparticle Synthesis System which our team has modified, that is,
the dynamic stability of magnetic microparticle in Brownian motion. Through this modified system,
parameters such as the exact peak current, the time of discharge and off time, and voltage can be
preset. The results of the experiment show that the Fe3O4 magnetorheological fluid produced by the
modified submerged arc nanoparticle synthesis system has wt 20% and vol 1% surfactants after
being mixed with water. After being placed aside for one day and 15 days respectively, the average
diameters of the two nanofluid measured with particle size analyzer and TEM are both 40nm.
Furthermore, after analyzed through Brookhaven ZetaPlus the zeta potential of the two nanofluid
both reach 40mv, which proves that the magnetic nanofluid show superior performance of
suspension.
Transition Method of Geometrically Similar Element to Calculate the Stress Concentration Factor of Notch
Authors: Li You Tang , Rui Zhi Yuan , Yan Chang Feng
Published: March 2009

There are close relations between stress concentration factor of notch and stress intensity
factor of crack when the boundary conditions and geometrical conditions are in the same. The
transition method of geometrically similar element to calculate the stress concentration factor of notch
is proposed and some examples are computed by this method. There are some advantages for this
method such as no limit of structural dimension, good adaptability, high precision and use
convenience.
The Method of Torsional Cylindrical Shaft with Annular Notch in Quadric Coordinate
Authors: Li You Tang , Yan Chang Feng , Jin Wu Yin
Published: March 2009

The notch is not only one of the primary reasons of component fracture, but also the key
factor in life assessment of shaft. The stress and displacement field near the tip of annular notch
should be obtained at first for safe design and life assessment. A quadric coordinate system suited for
annular notch is proposed and the stress and displacement component of cylindrical shaft with annular
notch are derived by using the modified Galerkin displacement function. This method can be used to
solve various problems of cylindrical shaft with annular notch by selecting an appropriate
displacement function and provides the basis for safe design and life assessment of this kind of
components. A solution of torsional problems of cylindrical shaft with annular notch is calculated as a
demonstration of the method presented.
Safe Decomposition of Asbestos by Mechano-Chemical Reaction
Authors: Inoue Ryo , Kano Junya , Shimme Kaoru , Saito Fumio
Published: March 2009

It is legally demanded that the wastes containing asbestos should be change to harmless
substances completely due to the harmful effects of asbestos fiber on health. The purpose of present
research was to construct a safe, reliable and facile technique by using mechano-chemical reaction,
which is a non-combustion process and operated in a closed system. It was confirmed that the
needle crystal of chrysotile asbestos was changed perfectly to amorphous state after grinding by
using a planetary ball mill. Furthermore, these products could be remade to useful materials by
addition of soil which consists of inorganic materials based on CaO and so one. After the obtained
fine powders were mixed with water, pressed and held under the humid condition, the stable
hydrates were found in these products after XRD analysis. These inorganic compounds were much
useful as a new raw material for cement-like.
Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Fatigue Life of NiTi Wires
Authors: Miao Wei Dong , Mi Xu Jun , Li Hua Chu , Qi Bao De
Published: March 2009

Surface preparation is potentially important to the mechanical and biomedical properties of
NiTi shape memory alloys. In this paper, the effect of surface preparation on fatigue life of a
Ti-55.2wt%Ni alloy has been studied. Surface of the NiTi wires is prepared by five methods of
chemical etching, electropolishing, oxidizing, mechanical polishing A and mechanical polishing B,
and then examined by the self-developed fatigue evaluation device. Under scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) the fractures of all specimens show dimple morphology. It is found that compared
with the samples after chemical treatment, mechanical polishings and thermal oxidation,
electropolished sample has longer fatigue life for its lower surface roughness despite a lack of
face-hardened layer.