bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Application of Engineered High Temperature Resistant Cement in a steam flood injection project in Bahrain
Authors: Pohl Jonathan , Jain Bipin , Al-Hawaj Husain , Shehab Ali , Sultan Hussain , Al-Tarif Nazar , Sayed AlGhani
Published: February 2017

Depletion of conventional hydrocarbons reservoirs have led oil and gas operators to extend the boundaries and pursue production from reservoirs with high viscosity hydrocarbons that in the past were impossible to be produced and allow the hydrocarbons in place to flow to the surface with conventional production methods. With the introduction of enhance oil recovery techniques (EOR) operators has been able to economically produce from these reservoirs. The steam flood is an EOR technique that allows heavy oil hydrocarbons to be produced and increase the recovery of original oil in place (OOIP). This technique requires high temperature steam to be injected into the reservoir in order to allow hydrocarbons production, introducing challenges in order to maintain well integrity and long term life of the well. Suitable surface facilities, equipment and materials that withstand these challenging conditions are required in order to guarantee the success of the project. In a heavy oil shallow reservoir in Bahrain, a steam flood pilot project has been executed, injecting steam up to 650ºF into the injectors wells in order to enhance the hydrocarbons production in the adjacent production wells. Conventional cement systems will fail when exposed to the given conditions as the mechanical properties of such cements are not sufficient to withstand the stresses created in this extreme temperature environment. This will consequently threaten the well integrity and success of the project. In order to provide a reliable and durable zonal isolation, an engineered cement system has been introduced. This cement system possesses sufficient flexibility (low Young's modulus), and a high coefficient of thermal expansion to withstand the metal casing expansion during the heating step of the process, without failure. This cement system exhibits stable mechanical properties for a long duration during the whole process of the heavy oil production and can be mixed and pumped with conventional cementing equipment. It is placed at low (110-140°F) temperature, acquires sufficient compressive and tensile strength to withstand the heating cycles. Over 50 wells have been cemented using this technology in Bahrain. Cement bond longs and temperature logs demonstrate well integrity has been achieved, allowing the steam to be injected into the target reservoir. Furthermore, no issues have been seen related to steam break through to surface. The project has been implemented for over 4 years with no sign of wellbore integrity failure. This study covers several aspects of the design, execution and evaluation of the cement system.
Experimental Research On Gravity Water-Drainage Assisted Steam Flooding in Extra and Super Heavy Oil Development
Authors: Wu Xiaoming , Sun Shouguo , Zhang Hongjun , Sun Zhenyu , Yang Baochun , Wang Ying , Jiang Hua , Wang Lei
Published: February 2017

With the increase of CSS cycles and decline of production, some reservoirs cannot be converted to steam flooding or SAGD production due to their characteristics, limiting the development effect of this kind of reservoirs. Therefore, steam flooding has been combined with SAGD on a trial basis, forming the gravity water-drainage assisted steam flooding technique, which has successfully solved the problem of how to produce this kind of reservoirs at their later production stage. The technique uses the combination of vertical wells plus horizontal wells. A paired horizontal wells are configured in the same way as those in SAGD and a corresponding number of vertical wells are distributed around the horizontal wells. The upper horizontal well is used for steam injection and the lower one is used for water production and the surrounding vertical wells are used for oil production. During steam drive, low steam quality at the bottomhole due to high bottomhole pressure can lead to serious water production, which can be eliminated with this technique. The technique was tested in one well group in Block Wa59 which is a mid-deep extra and super heavy oil reservoir. The vertical gap between the paired horizontal wells is 20m, 50m between vertical wells and horizontal wells and 70m between the vertical wells. Some matching technological measures were provided, such as dual pipe steam injection pipestring for solving the uneven steam injection problem, deep pumping and high temperature large displacement lifting for eliminating pressure drop during fluid lifting, which ensured the results of gravity water drainage assisted steam flooding test. The test has resulted in obvious incremental oil production and water reduction with fluid production increased from 179t/d to 526t/d, oil production increased from 31.0t/d to 96.5t/d and watercut dropped from 91.1% to 84.69%. The technique has provided a new way for reservoirs not suitable for converting to steam flooding or SAGD development. It will be used widely in Liaohe Oilfield and other crude oil fields.
Learnings from the Grand Rapids Field Trial of Tubing Deployed Inflow Control Devices for SAGD Application
Authors: Dragani J. M. , Drover K. T. , Zhang X. C.
Published: February 2017

Field trials of tubing deployed Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) were conducted at the Grand Rapids SAGD Pilot from 2014 to 2016. The objective of the trials were to evaluate the flow performance of ICDs in a tubing deployed completion and assess improvements to thermal conformance. Key performance metrics were established to monitor changes in well performance, including production rates, thermal conformance, steam production and Steam to Oil Ratio (SOR). A comprehensive study was undertaken after the trials concluded. Multiple approachs were taken including analytical representations and simulations. The purpose of the study was to improve understanding of the underlying physics that govern flow and thermodynamic behavior of ICDs. The study specifically addressed restriction effects for various inflow conditions, steam flashing effects through the devices and heat exchange effects associated with the completion design. The results of the study identify some design principles that may be used for future application of ICDs in SAGD wells.

Well Pairs 1 and 2 at the Grand Rapids Pilot project were used to test different ICD completions in a SAGD well pair. The Well Pair 1 field trial began first and lasted seven months. Learnings from the Well Pair 1 trial were extended to the Well Pair 2 trial which lasted 18 months. Flowing and shut-in temperature profiles were collected to understand near wellbore conditions and 4D seismic was used to ascertain changes to thermal conformance in the reservoir. Analytical and numerical models were developed to match field observations from the trial. Results from the field trial provided unique learnings with respect to the benefits that tubing deployed ICD systems may provide for SAGD wells. Changes in conformance and temperature distribution in the lateral sections were noted with little to no uplifts in oil rates or SOR.

Once the trials were complete, all ICDs were removed from both well pairs and subject to visual inspections. Thereafter, a sample population of devices underwent a series of tests to evaluate mechanical integrity. The tests also characterized any changes to ICD flow relationships before and after the trial. Inspections of the devices post-operation provided crucial learnings on the mechanical integrity of such systems.
Selection of New Generation Chemicals as Steam Additive for Cost Effective Heavy-Oil Recovery Applications
Authors: Wei You , Babadagli Tayfun
Published: February 2017

One of the ways to improve the efficiency of steam injection is to use chemicals as an additive to alter interfacial properties. Historically, this has been tested using surfactants, which are expensive and thermally unstable. Therefore, commercial applications have been highly limited in that area over the past three decades. In conjunction with recent efforts using new generation materials as EOR agents, we performed a screening study to identify the potential chemicals/materials for heavy-oil recovery and to investigate the applicability of selected new generation chemicals as interfacial properties modifiers at steam temperature.

Different experimental methods, including capillary imbibition tests, i.e. contact angle and interfacial tension measurements, were combined to understand the mechanism of alteration surface interplay (wettability and interfacial tension) using different chemical agents. Capillary imbibition tests were conducted to study the potential of these chemicals to alter wettability and rock/chemical interactions on limestone and aged sandstone cores at high temperature. Pendant drop interfacial tension (IFT) and contact angle measurements were performed using a high pressure and high temperature cell under the same -steam- conditions.

Seven different chemical agents including a high pH solution (sodium metaborate), an ionic liquid, a cationic and an anionic surfactant, and nanofluids (aluminum and zirconium oxides) were tested in this study. Indiana limestone samples were saturated and aged in heavy oil with a viscosity of 6,000 cp. Capillary imbibition tests were conducted under high temperature (between 90°C and 180°C) and high pressure (185 psi) conditions using a newly-manufactured visual cell. The production rate and ultimate recovery were used to evaluate the capability of different chemicals changing the interfacial properties and their thermal stability at steam temperature. Contact angles between heavy oil and calcite plates were measured under the same conditions. Finally, the stability of the chemicals was measured through settlement tests at steam temperature conditions as well as TGA (thermal gravimetric analysis). The combination of all these results helped identify the applicability of the selected chemicals under steam conditions for carbonates. Technical and economic limitations for each chemical as well as the way the chemical contributes to recovery (wettability alteration or IFT reduction) were identified.

Investigation of interfacial properties alteration induced by new generation chemicals at high temperature is helpful in the selection and application of efficient and economical chemicals in steam based heavy-oil recovery methods.
Application of Multiazimuth Vertical Planes MAVP to In-Situ Extraction of Heavy Oil from Shallow and Stranded Oil Sands
Authors: Jamali Ali , Soliman Mohamed Y. , Shahri Mehdi , Cavender Travis
Published: February 2017

Throughout the past five decades, the heavy oil industry has developed various in-situ techniques for oil recovery from the vast global heavy oil reserves. The diversity of these techniques goes hand in hand with the diversity of the world reserves in terms of viscosity, burial depth, and reservoir complexity. Reservoirs exist, however, wherein the currently available commercial methods might not be technically and economically feasible. In particular, reservoir quality and caprock integrity can impose significant limitations on the feasibility of conventional methods, such as steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). This paper summarizes the results of a series of field trials in weakly cemented formations based on the creation of highly conductive multiazimuth vertical planes (MAVP) in soft formations. These planes are mechanically initiated and hydraulically propagated and have typical dimensions of 0.03×5×30 m and can be used in a new steam injection design. The potential application of this technique to enhanced oil recovery is investigated using a thermal reservoir simulator.

Reservoir simulations show promising results in terms of cumulative steam oil ratio (CSOR) and oil production rate. Stabilized production was observed immediately after the startup and CSOR dropped to under 3.0 m3/m3 in less than two years. The overall performance is nearly comparable to that of conventional SAGD, while it outperforms SAGD in certain conditions, including low vertical permeability and in the presence of low permeable shale streaks. Simulation results show that the performance of MAVP is nearly unimpaired when planes’ projection is discontinuous in either vertical or horizontal directions. The results also showed that the presence of a confined top water zone does not have a detrimental impact on the performance of MAVP; however, penetration into the top water zone must be avoided to achieve the best results in terms of CSOR. While surface mining and variations of SAGD are respectively used for very shallow and relatively deep reservoirs, the new methodology is applicable to reservoirs in the depth range of 70 to 600 m, where weak caprock integrity can impose a significant challenge. In addition, complex reservoir features, such as the presence of low permeable shale layers or low vertical permeability, have minimal effect on the performance of this technique.
Characterizing Unconsolidated Heavy Oil Sands Using Cryogenic MicroCT - A Pilot Study from Kuwait
Authors: Ahmed K. , Ferdous H. , Jain A. K. , Ahmad F. , Golab A. , Deakin L. , Young B. , Mascini A.
Published: February 2017

Conventional analysis on core plugs from unconsolidated heavy oil sands is challenging to perform. Sometimes doubts exist about whether the results are representative of the in-situ rock fabric. A digital rock pilot study was designed to provide unique data to understand the rock and allow independent verification of laboratory data, such as calculated petrophysical properties, characterization of damage associated with coring and preservation, direct imaging of oil distribution and pore-wall wettability, and characterization of pore types, clays, grains and grain contacts.

The pilot study presents successful cryogenic helical X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) of preserved plugs maintained in the frozen state throughout the imaging process. Those 3D images were processed to calculate porosity and absolute permeability. Direct imaging of oil distribution by 3D microCT, with X-ray contrasting agents to highlight the oil with complementary characterization of pore-wall wettability by secondary electron Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) is presented to confirm observations from the 3D microCT imaging. Finally, Back scattered SEM (BSEM) imaging and automated, quantified mineral mapping are presented.

The 3D tomograms from cryogenic microCT imaging were analysed based on morphological characteristics to identify damaged zones, representing >30% of the volume. The calculated absolute permeability of those 3D tomograms ranged from 8.50D to 24.8D across the plug. The undamaged region had distinctly lower kabs (average = 9.71D) than the most damaged region (average = 21.6D), compared to measurements by a traditional laboratory on adjacent screened and cleaned plugs reported as >20D. The oil saturation from direct microCT imaging was 76.3%, compared to conventional core analysis of oil saturation on a sister plug (62.1%). The 3D images show oil filling most of the open pores and the pore-filling and porous minerals. Furthermore, the oil appears to be in direct contact with the mineral grains, indicating that oil is the wetting phase. Wettability imaging by FESEM confirmed that the majority of the mineral surfaces are oil-wet but the layers of asphaltenes are thin. The mineral composition is dominated by quartz (81%) and feldspar (16%) with some minor clay (1.7%) and carbonate (0.3%). The mineralogy indicates that the sample is likely to be unreactive to steam and/or chemical stimulants.
Experimental Investigation of Metal-to-Metal Seal Behavior in Premium Casing Connections for Thermal Wells
Authors: Xie Jueren , Matthews Cam
Published: February 2017

Thermal well service conditions have presented a significant challenge to the sealability of casing connections. Over the years, industry has established various standards, protocols and guidelines for assessing the sealability performance of casing connections to be used in thermal well applications. The use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been increasingly incorporated into the connection performance evaluation process. FEA evaluation requires the use of an appropriate criterion that relates the connection seepage rates to the applied internal pressure differential, contact stress profile on the radial seal surface, surface roughness, thread compounds and various other factors such as environmental impacts.

This paper presents experimental work that has been undertaken to investigate the metal-to-metal seal behavior in premium casing connections. The physical tests simulated a series of metal-to-metal seals under various levels of gas pressure and seal contact stress. The impacts of seal length, tubular diameter, surface roughness, thread compound and corrosive medium were investigated. The experimental results were used to validate the sealability criterion which is proposed for use in evaluating thermal well casing connections.
A Fractional Flow Theory for Unstable Immiscible Floods
Authors: Luo Haishan , Delshad Mojdeh , Zhao Bochao , Mohanty Kishore K.
Published: February 2017

Conventional fractional flow theories such as the Buckley-Leverett analysis have benefited reservoir engineers greatly for many decades. Although being simple, these analyses provide prompt and decent estimations of water breakthrough and oil bank height/duration in the experiments and the fields. However, their intrinsic inaccuracy in estimating unstable immiscible floods due to the existence of viscous fingering has long been ignored. With increasing non-thermal immiscible floods developed for heavy oil reservoirs, an essential improvement for such a theory is desirable.

The intrinsic residual oil saturation can never be achieved for strong unstable immiscible floods within a finite time. The fraction of the bypassed oil at a time is highly dependent on the viscosity ratio, flow velocity, interfacial tension, wettability, permeability and the geometry of the rock. Extensive experimental data and numerical studies have indicated that the strength and growth rate of viscous fingering are correlated to a dimensionless number, i.e., the viscous finger number, which is an integration of those factors aforementioned. Such a discovery enables a quantitative establishment of two-phase pseudo relative permeabilities, which are functions of fluid saturations and the viscous finger number. The fractional flow for unstable floods can hence be obtained by use of such pseudo relative permeabilities.

The new fractional flow theory extended from the Buckley-Leverett analysis was applied to several groups of heavy-oil water coreflood experiments under various conditions. The new fractional flow analysis was able to predict very well the breakthrough time and oil recovery of these experiments. We further applied the new fractional flow analysis to a slab experiment of viscous oil with a waterflood followed by a polymer flood, and achieved a very good agreement with the oil recovery data. The analysis reproduced that the water cut increased very rapidly and the remaining oil saturation was much larger than the intrinsic residual oil saturation after several pore volumes of waterflood. The subsequent polymer flood altered the pseudo relative permeability curves due to the change of viscosity ratio and brought in a considerable amount of mobile oil to be displaced. This process happens to be similar to the fractional flow of low-tension immiscible flow. Such a scenario is different from what the conventional fractional flow analysis suggests, which neglects the fact that the subsequent polymer flood is able to greatly improve the oil cut by mitigating the viscous fingers originally created by waterflood.

The new theory has extended the original fractional flow theories to unstable immiscible floods, a major progress. It can also serve as a critical guideline to estimate and predict the water/polymer breakthrough and the oil production in viscous-oil benchscale experiments and field projects.
An Experimental Evaluation of Pore Plugging and Permeability Reduction Near SAGD Sand Control Liners
Authors: Mahmoudi Mahdi , Fattahpour Vahidoddin , Nouri Alireza , Leitch Michael
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation to determine the mechanisms of pore plugging and permeability reduction near SAGD screen liners. The aim is to arrive at a liner design that maximizes wellbore productivity without compromising the sand control function of the liner.

We set up a large-scale Sand Retention Testing (SRT) facility that accommodates a multi-slot liner coupon at the base of a sand-pack with representative grain shape and particle size distribution (PSD) of typical oil sands. Brine is injected at different flow rates and pressure differences across the coupon and the sand-pack as well as the mass and PSD of the produced sand and fines are measured during the test. Further, the PSD and concentration of migrated fines (<44 microns) along the sand-pack are determined in a post-mortem analysis. The testing results are used to assess the effect of slot size and slot density on the sand control performance as well as pore-plugging and permeability alterations near the sand-control liner.

We observed that the slot size, slot density and flow rate highly affect the concentration and PSD of produced fines as well as accumulated fines (pore clogging) above the screen. For the same flow rates and total injected pore volume, wider screen aperture and higher slot density result in lower fines accumulation above the screen but more sanding. Further, the variation of slot density alters the flow convergence behind the slots, hence, the size and concentration of mobilized fines. Results indicate that higher fines concentration near the screen reduces the retained permeability, hence, lowers the wellbore productivity.

This paper provides a new insight into pore plugging and fines migration adjacent the sand control liner. It also introduces a new testing method to optimize the design of sand control liners for minimum productivity impairment in SAGD projects.
Steam-Solvent Coinjection under Reservoir Heterogeneity: Should ES-SAGD be Implemented for Highly Heterogeneous Reservoirs?
Authors: Venkat Venkatramani Arun , Okuno Ryosuke
Published: February 2017

Expanding-solvent steam-assisted gravity drainage (ES-SAGD) is a widely-investigated alternative to SAGD, considering its potential to reduce thermal losses while enhancing bitumen recovery. However, most prior studies on ES-SAGD were limited to homogeneous reservoirs. This research presents a mechanistic analysis of ES-SAGD in heterogeneous reservoirs in terms of cumulative steam-oil ratio (SOR) as a function of steam-chamber size.

Simulation case studies for SAGD and ES-SAGD with normal hexane are conducted for geostatistical realizations of two types of heterogeneous Athabasca-bitumen reservoirs. For the first type, shale barriers are oriented horizontally relative to the top and basal planes of the reservoir. For the second type, they are inclined and more representative of the middle McMurray member. The solubility of water in the oleic phase at elevated temperatures is properly modeled to ensure reliable comparison between SAGD and ES-SAGD.

Results show that ES-SAGD is less sensitive to heterogeneity than SAGD in terms of cumulative SOR for simulations at 35 bars and 2 mol% solvent-injection concentration for a reservoir thickness of 20 m. On average, the reduction in SOR due to steam-solvent coinjection is simulated to be greater under heterogeneity. The margin of SOR reduction is greater in reservoirs with inclined shale barriers than in those with horizontal shale barriers.

Analysis of simulation results indicates that the injected solvent tends to accumulate more significantly under heterogeneity, which enhances the mechanisms of ES-SAGD, such as dilution of bitumen by solvent and reduced thermal losses to the overburden. Tortuous hydraulic paths and slower gravity drainage under heterogeneity enhance the mixing between solvent and bitumen in the transverse direction along the edge of a steam chamber. Then, a larger amount of the accumulated solvent tends to facilitate lower temperatures near the chamber edge. Lower chamber-edge temperatures combined with restricted access to the overburden under heterogeneity alter the chamber geometry such that the contact area for overburden heat losses is further reduced.
Simple Calculation of the Effect of Volatile Solvents and Dissolved Gases on the Viscosity of Heavy Oils and Bitumens
Authors: Freitag N. P. , Dolter A. E.
Published: February 2017

A new method is proposed for simple and reliable viscosity calculations for mixtures of heavy oils or bitumens with light solvents. This method has three characteristics that give it an advantage over current approaches. First, it is simple to implement. Second, it faithfully portrays the viscosity of mixtures of Newtonian fluids up to at least 190°C. Third, and most importantly, it makes use of the recent discovery that, for any given heavy oil, all light solvents can be represented at low concentrations by the same mole-fraction-weighted form of the Arrhenius equation. For high concentrations, an additional, empirical power-law term, whose exponent was determined from new viscosity data for toluene–heavy oil mixtures, was developed. The average absolute relative deviation (AARD) between 307 experimental viscosity measurements and the new equation was 20.1%. The data set included mixture viscosities from 1 to 440,000 mPa·s, at temperatures from 12 to 190°C. The largest disagreements were -63% and 101% of the measured values. It is suggested that a substantial portion of the observed disagreements arose from combined errors in the experimental measurement of viscosities, solvent compositions, and average molecular weights of the oils.

It was found that the one key constant for describing concentration effects could be correlated reasonably well with the viscosity of the dead oil. When this constant was calculated from the resulting correlation, the AARD for the initial data set increased by only a modest amount to 27.7%. The disagreements were somewhat larger when the new method was used to make pure predictions of two published data sets. Accordingly, it was concluded that the new approach can be used to make reasonable predictions (possibly within a factor of 2) of solvent–oil mixture viscosities simply from accurate knowledge of the viscosities and molecular weights of the dead oil and solvent. However, substantially better predictions may be obtained for any light solvent if the above information is supplemented with even relatively inexpensive laboratory data taken with a lower-volatility solvent such as toluene.
Silica-Based Nanofluid Heavy Oil Recovery A Microfluidic Approach
Authors: Bazazi Parisa , Gates Ian D. , Sanati Nezhad Amir , Hejazi S. Hossein
Published: February 2017

Heavy oil reservoirs form one of the primary unconventional fossil fuel resources to meet the growing demand for global energy. Hydrocarbon recovery yields from these reservoirs is often low or requires energy intensive thermal processes. For instance, in the case of waterflooding in heavy oil reservoirs, high oil viscosity results in early breakthrough and poor sweep efficiencies. Polymers have been used to increase the displacing water viscosity for conformance control and viscous fingering attenuation. However, polymer degradation and entrapment inside the reservoir make them less attractive. Recent experiments using conventional oil samples showed that the incorporation of silica nanoparticles in the injected solution (i.e. nanofluid) can dramatically enhance oil production. Nanofluids are more stable than polymers in harsh reservoir conditions, also they can modify the interfacial properties between oil and water, and thereby nanofluids may provide capabilities for heavy oil recovery.

In this study, a microfluidic platform was utilized to monitor the process of nanofluid-based heavy oil recovery for a representative Alberta heavy oil sample. To create a reference, recovery experiments were repeated with waterflooding and surfactant flooding process. Consistent with coreflood experiments for conventional oil samples, nanofluid injection increases the oil recovery compared to the waterflooding. Microscale visualization revealed that emulsion formation during heavy oil displacement with chemicals is the main factor in incremental recovery.

The developed microfluidic approach is a powerful mimetic model for the real-time visualization of the chemical-based heavy oil recovery process in micro/nano scale. Considering the time-consuming and expensive nature of coreflood experiments, this method provides an attractive alternative for rapid and low-cost chemical-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) screening studies. Results demonstrate the strength of nanofluid-EOR as an efficient recovery method for Alberta heavy oil reservoirs.
Discrete-Element-Method/Computational-Fluid-Dynamics Coupling Simulation of Proppant Embedment and Fracture Conductivity After Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Zhang Fengshou , Zhu Haiyan , Zhou Hanguo , Guo Jianchun , Huang Bo
Published: February 2017

In this paper, an integrated discrete-element-method (DEM)/computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) numerical-modeling work flow is developed to model proppant embedment and fracture conductivity after hydraulic fracturing. Proppant with diameter from 0.15 to 0.83 mm was modeled as a frictional particle assembly, whereas shale formation was modeled as a bonded particle assembly by using the bonded-particle model in PFC3D (Itasca Consulting Group 2010). The mechanical interaction between proppant pack and shale formation during the process of fracture closing was first modeled with DEM. Then, fracture conductivity after the fracture closing was evaluated by modeling fluid flow through the proppant pack by use of DEM coupled with CFD. The numerical model was verified by laboratory fracture-conductivity experiment results and the Kozeny-Carman equation. The simulation results show that the fracture conductivity increases with the increase of proppant concentration or proppant size, and decreases with the increase of fracture-closing stress or degree of shale hydration; shale-hydration effect was confirmed to be the main reason for the large amount of proppant embedment.
SAGD Sand Control: Large Scale Testing Results
Authors: Anderson M.
Published: February 2017

Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) producer wells in the McMurray formation require sand control technologies that will limit sand production while minimizing production constraints caused by high pressure drops and liner plugging. Previous publications around sand control selection and sizing for SAGD producers have provided varied and often conflicting design recommendations based on the expected formation sand particle size distribution. Small scale lab testing of sand control medium is often challenged with inconsistent results and uncertainty around the appropriate normalization for test comparison and scaling up to real-world applications.

Devon Canada designed and constructed an in-house large scale liner testing apparatus to evaluate sand control technologies and determine the optimal aperture or filter size for sand types expected in the McMurray formation of the future Pike 1 SAGD project. The large scale liner testing results are presented in this paper along with the final recommendation for sand control on Pike SAGD producer wells. A brief review of the Pike McMurray sand typing and small scale liner testing is also presented.
MODERN UKRAINIAN DRAMA: RAPPORT BETWEEN AUTOR AND READER (BASED ON SOCIOLINGUISTIC SURVEY)
Authors: Korolova Valeriia
Published: February 2017

The article provides results of a sociolinguistic survey conducted among students in order to determine successful or unsuccessful encoding of information by author in paratext elements of modern Ukrainian plays. The research confirmed advanced hypothesis and proved that the majority of respondents expect shock and experiments from modern dramas. 250 respondents, who are students of Oles’ Honchar Dnipro National University Faculty of Ukrainian and Foreign Philology and Arts, aged 19 to 23, have completed a questionnaire. These were students of philological department, whose professional qualification requires knowledge of works of art, including dramas, selected as respondents since modern Ukrainian drama tends to be rather unpopular and readers are disinterested in reading plays. Analysis of the responses to the questionnaire showed that paratext elements shape future hypothetical communication between author and reader, as well as provide the later with a certain set of expectations from reading the drama text. Genre features of drama stipulate a rich ground for reader’s imagination, the range of which has diametrical limits and which determines recipient’s personality. Association experiment proved consistency of reader’s perception of author’s intentions.
Assessment of intertemporal preferences in type-2 diabetes patients and smokers
Authors: Vázquez Lira Ramsés , Torres Chávez Álvaro
Published: February 2017

The experiment assesses the role of cortisol concentration on bloodstream as correlate of the intertemporal choice and temporal discrimination in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and smokers. The participants were evaluated in a two independent computerized tasks allowed to obtain the temporal discount function and it’s hyperbolic decay parameter (k), which refers to the tendency to discount the subjective value of future goods as a function of the delay to receiving them; and a temporal discrimination index (bisection point), this function relate the response proportion of “Long” stimuli with probe duration. The bisection point is the value at which responses to Short and Long stimuli occur with equal frequency. We analysed both parameters, then a comparisons of the temporal discount parameter[F(2,147) =79.858,p<,01]and time discrimination parameter[F(2,147) =49,51,p<,01]revealed statistically significant differences between control group and T2DM and smokers groups. We concluded that the choice for delayed rewards and the temporal discrimination of T2DM patients and smokers were influenced by the cortisol concentration in the bloodstream; the higher the concentration of cortisol in the bloodstream, the higherthe likelihood to choose immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards and the higher the tendency tooverestimate the passage of time. We propose to investigate the effects of salivary cortisol elevation levels through noninvasive pharmacologically induction on healthy adult humans, to extend the research line that assess the direct influence over intertemporal choice and temporal discrimination to increase the effect generality.
Socio-cognitive and personal characteristics of young offenders: a field study
Authors: Borrás Carmen , Palmer Alfonso , Hernández Azucena , Llobera Joana
Published: February 2017

Adolescence is characterized by a prevalence of risk-taking and the challenging of social norms which appears to bear relation to personal abilities and social cognitive deficits. With the aim of understanding this relationship a comparative study was undertaken with two groups of adolescents, one belonging to the standard population and one comprising young people who have been subject to social reform. In order to evaluate the variables involved, use was made of the Questionnaire for Evaluating Problems of Adolescents (Q-PAD). The results obtained show that both groups display significant differences in all the variables presented by the Questionnaire, with the exception of those relating to bodily dissatisfaction and conflict. Succinctly, it emerged that the young offenders presented emotional and interpersonal problems and were at risk of psychological disturbance. They demonstrated uncertainty about the future, liability to substance abuse and issues of self-esteem. These results suggest the need for programmes of prevention and intervention which specifically take into account these variables.
Big data for use in psychological research
Authors: Cuartas Arias Jorge Mauricio
Published: February 2017

Editorial
O QUE HÁ DE NOVO NA REVISTA CONTEXTO & SAÚDE?
Authors: Heck Thiago Gomes , Buratti Giovano Pereira , Kolankiewicz Adriane Cristina Bernat
Published: February 2017

O QUE HÁ DE NOVO NA REVISTA CONTEXTO & SAÚDE?
STATE-OWNED COMPANY DECISION ON CHOOSING AUDITOR: EVIDENCE FROM EARNING QUALITY ANALYSIS
Authors: Prakoso Imam
Published: February 2017

The importance of using big accounting firm may depend on governance level in each company. If they have good corporate governance and have high concern on improving governance, the company may prefer to use big accounting firm (Lina & Liub 2009; and Houqe, Zijl, Dunstan, & Karim 2015). State-owned enteprise (“BUMN”) may have higher agency problem as their objective is people welfare but still profit-oriented. So, they have higher ability to defer the earning than other company. We include research sample of all BUMN which listed on Indonesia stock exchange (IDX) except those which participate in banking and financial industry (JASICA 8). By using discretionary accrual as proxy of lower earning quality and accounting firm size as proxy of audit quality, we found negative relationship between those variable. In other words, if the company want to improve their earning quality they should consider on usinge big accounting firm. In additional analysis, we found that big accounting firm able to reduce management intention to defer earning and tax expense. I encourage government of Indonesia (“the Government”)to advise BUMN to consider on using big accounting firm to improve earning quality and reduce fraudulent act through financial reporting by management.
DEVELOPING FORENSIC ACCOUNTING CURRICULUM AT UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Syah Juman
Published: February 2017

Accounting programs around the world have been revising their curriculum by including fraud / forensic accounting subject. This paper identifies the development of forensic accounting curriculum in the United States (US) and Indonesia. The first part of the paper is the model of forensic accounting curriculum development proposed by New Virgnia University. The second part of the paper presents the reality of forensic accounting subject in Indonesia. This paper is written to help accounting department consider introducing fraud / forensic accounting subject into its accounting program as well those who are revising their existing subjects.
SYSTEMIC POLICY AS CRIMINAL POLITICS IN ERADICATING CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Djatmiko WP.
Published: February 2017

Criminal Policy is a rational organization of the control of crime by society, which can be carried out operationally through a penal or non-penal policy. Reality shows that there is a flaw in penal policy in preventing crime act of corruption in Indonesia. Various efforts have been done to eradicate corruption, starting from law enforcement, political will, legislative policy, establishment of special institutions/commissions, improvement and reformation on bureaucracy, law socialization in various circles, and establishment of international cooperation. Yet, all of those efforts have not yielded maximum results. In Indonesia, corruption is still raging. Therefore, the corruption prevention policy should rely on not only penal policy, but also non-penal policy (systemic policy). The corruption prevention policy using systemic approach is a strategic policy as it is more preventive in dealing with corruption. The main goal of systemic policy is to handle and reduce the causative factors of criminal act of corruption.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA KOMIK IPA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK SMP
Authors: Widyawati Ani , Prodjosantoso Anti Kolonial
Published: February 2017

The objectives of this research were (1) to know the characteristics, (2) to review the advisability, and (3) to find out whether the science comic improve students learning motivation and character. This research is classified to Research and Development (R & D) by referring to the ten main procedures developed by Borg and Gall. However this research only applied nine of the ten procedures stated above, they were: introduction, planning, developing, early try out, revision, limited try out, and final product revision. The subject of this research was grade VIII students of SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta. There were 43 respondents consisting of 5 students for individual try out, 10 students for small group try out, and 28 students for field try out. The data collecting instruments were validation sheet for media and material experts, observation sheet, interview guidelines, and students’character and motivation questionnaire sheet. The result of this research are as follows: (1) the characteristic of science comic were character-based and contained integrated science's material, (2) the advisability of character education-based science comic is considered as very good, and (3) therefore, the comics are applicate to develop motivation and character for JHS students.
KONTRIBUSI MOTIVASI, PENGUASAAN INFORMASI DAN PERSEPSI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN KIMIA TERHADAP KESIAPAN IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Hasriani Ayu , Arty Indyah Sulistyo
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya kontribusi tidak langsung dan kontribusi langsung dari motivasi, penguasaan informasi, dan persepsi mahasiswa pendidikan kimia tentang kurikulum 2013 terhadap kesiapan implementasi pada pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan expost facto. Sampel penelitian ditentukan melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui angket, penilaian antar teman, serta tes. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) motivasi dan penguasaan informasi berkontribusi secara tidak langsung terhadap kesiapan implementasi kurikulum sebesar 20,2%. Kontribusi tidak langsung dari motivasi dan penguasaan informasi mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh motivasi dan penguasaan informasi terhadap persepsi. (2) motivasi, penguasaan informasi, dan persepsi mahasiswa pendidikan kimia tentang kurikulum 2013 berkontribusi langsung terhadap kesiapan implementasi kurikulum 13 pada pembelajaran, dengan kontribusi sebesar 54,8%. Hasil ini menggambarkan bahwa kesiapan mahasiswa untuk mengimplementasikan kurikulum 13 dipengaruhi oleh motivasi, penguasaan informasi, dan persepsi mahasiswa tentang kurikulum. Kata Kunci: motivasi, penguasaan informasi, persepsi, implementasi kurikulum.   CONTRIBUTION OF MOTIVATION, MASTERY OF INFORMATION, AND PERCEPTION OF CHEMISTRY EDUCATION STUDENTS TOWARDS CURRICULUM 2013 IMPLEMENTATION READINESS Abstract This research aims to find out the direct and indirect contribution of motivation, mastery of information, and chemistry education student’s perception of curriculum 2013 towards its implementation readiness in learning. This research is classified to expost facto. The sample was established using purposive sampling technique. The data were collected through inventories, peer assessment and test, and than were analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study show as follows. 1) Motivation and mastery of information give indirect contribution towards implementation readiness for about 20,2%. Indirect contribution of motivation and mastery of information indicate there are the effect of motivation and mastery of information towards perception.  2) Motivation, mastery of information, and chemistry education student’s perception of curriculum 2013 given direct contribution towards implementation readiness in learning, for about 54,8%. The results show, that  the student’s readiness to implementation curriculum is affected by motivation, mastery of information, and student’s perception of curriculum. Keywords: motivation, mastery of information, perseption, implementation curriculum.
Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis android pada materi kelarutan untuk meningkatkan performa akademik siswa SMA
Authors: Yektyastuti Resti , Ikhsan Jaslin
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengembangkan media pembelajaran kimia berbasis Android pada materi kelarutan; (2) menguji tingkat kelayakan media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan; serta (3) menguji pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan terhadap performa akademik peserta didik SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan Research and Development dengan mengadaptasi model Borg & Gall yang dimodifikasi menjadi lima tahap, yaitu pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan produk, pengembangan produk, validasi produk, dan evaluasi produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) software media pembelajaran kimia berbasis Android pada materi kelarutan telah tersusun dengan mendapat masukan dari validator, teman sejawat dan pendidik kimia; (2) media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dinilai layak digunakan pada pembelajaran kimia ditinjau dari penilaian aspek materi dan aspek media; serta (3) penggunaan media pembelajaran kimia yang dikembangkan memberikan pengaruh pada peningkatan performa akademik peserta didik SMA.Kata Kunci: media pembelajaran, motivasi belajar, hasil belajar, kimia, kelarutan. Developing Android-Based Instructional Media of Solubility to Improve Academic Performance of High School Students AbstractThis study aims to: (1) develop android-based chemistry instructional media  on solubility; (2) proof the feasibility of the developed chemistry instructional media; and (3) proof the effect of using the developed instructional media to the high school students academic performance. This study is classified to research and development that adapted  Borg & Gall models modified into five steps: information collecting, product planning, product developing, product validation, and product evaluating. The results of this research are: (1) a software of android-based chemistry instructional media was developed; (2) the developed instructional media were appropriate for teaching, in terms of material and media aspects evaluation; and (3) using of the developed instructional media improved the high school students academic performance.Keywords: instructional media, learning motivation, learning outcome, chemistry, solubility.