bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HERMENÊUTICA BÍBLICA PARA COMPREENDER PAULO EM COMBLIN
Authors: Lara Valter Luiz
Published: December 2018

ResumoO artigo apresenta a primeira parte de estudos sobre o modo como o Padre José Comblin compreendeu o Apóstolo Paulo. Num primeiro momento, o objetivo é mostrar alguns dos principais critérios hermenêuticos que o próprio Comblin reconhece como fundamento do que ele mesmo propôs como leitura da Bíblia. Em seguida são apresentadas influências pastorais, teológicas e pressupostos metodológicos da exegese que usou como mediação para a leitura dos textos paulinos. Trata-se de uma contribuição ao trabalho mais amplo de tentar explicar o modo como Comblin interpreta o Apóstolo Paulo em relação ao significado que tem sua atuação missionária e pregação do Evangelho diante da sociedade de seu tempo, assunto a ser tratado em artigo ulterior. A fonte para identificar os critérios hermenêuticos são as palavras do próprio Comblin em artigo que publicou em 2008. As outras mediações estão pressupostas em sua reconhecida identificação com a pastoral latino-americana, a teologia da libertação e no uso da exegese histórico-crítica e sociológica.Enviado: 30-09-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018
FAZER A IGREJA CATÓLICA SE MOVER: A PERTINÊNCIA DO EVANGELHO NO MUNDO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Souza Alzirinha Rocha de , Aragão Gilbraz de Souza
Published: December 2018

Este artigo é fruto do desejo da busca de compreensão e possível reproposição de sentido para a pertinência e o sentido do Evangelho no contexto atual. Para tanto, nos pautamos no instrumental de dois grandes teólogos da atualidade, Joseph Moingt (1915) e Joseph Comblin (+2011) que, na maturidade de suas produções teológicas, debruçaram-se sobre o tema. As diferenças contextuais de cada autor enriqueceram suas reflexões e nos permitem apresentar como estas duas perspectivas; de um lado Moingt buscando os sinais de sua compreensão desde Europa e de outro Comblin desde América Latina, convergem-se nas premissas que fundam o imperativo de resignificação do sentido do Evangelho na modernidade.Enviado: 10-12-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018
DAS UTOPIAS COLETIVISTAS ÀS UTOPIAS INDIVIDUALISTAS: PERSPECTIVAS ANALÍTICAS SOBRE A SECULARIZAÇÃO NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Caldeira Rodrigo Coppe
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir algumas perspectivas analíticas em torno da dinâmica do religioso/crenças na história contemporânea e na contemporaneidade. O foco é compreender a emergência das utopias coletivistas nos séculos XIX e, posteriormente, seu declínio, dando lugar ao que chamamos de utopias individualistas. Conjectura-se a hipótese de que tanto as utopias coletivistas quanto as utopias individualistas podem ser compreendidas como sintomas do processo de secularização, sendo interpretadas como alguns de seus reflexos contraditórios. Para tanto, buscou-se a partir de amplo espectro teórico, que vai dos debates em torno das religiões políticas à privatização religiosa, subsídios conceituais para avançar a discussão em torno da hipótese central.Enviado: 27-08-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018
ENTRE SABERES E FAZERES: FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Junqueira Sergio Rogério Azevedo , Caron Lurdes
Published: December 2018

Este artigo é resultado do Programa Formação Inicial e Continuada para a Diversidade do Grupo de Pesquisa Educação e Religião (GPER) que investiga os processos de formação de professores, considerando as diferentes dimensões das práticas educativas e as múltiplas perspectivas sócio-políticas e culturais, problematizando e analisando as ações e reações aos processos que visam a articulação entre teoria e prática na formação inicial e continuada compreendo a diversidade cultural religiosa. Por meio do Projeto Formação Inicial e Continuada do Professor de Ensino Religioso desenvolvendo uma pesquisa com uma abordagem qualitativa e um método bibliográfico e documental de identificação de informações sobre os projetos de formação de professores. Pois, com certeza este é um tema  que nas duas últimas décadas tem se tornado um desafio constante quanto a: objetivos, legislação, políticas públicas e currículo para a formação de professores. Este é um tema que vem passando por profundas transformações porque está aliado a uma corrente de diferentes fatores sociais, quer sejam de mudanças tecnológicas, quer de conhecimentos científicos, quer sejam de práticas pedagógicas. Aqui objetiva-se refletir sobre a formação continuada e permanente de professores para a educação básica no ensino fundamental I e II. Acreditamos ser um trabalho de relevância porque vem contribuir para com a formação dos profissionais da educação.Enviado: 23-10-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018
UMA TEOLOGIA PARA UM MUNDO DE DIVERSIDADE CULTURAL
Authors: Veliq Barbosa Fabrício
Published: December 2018

Esse artigo pretende mostrar a necessidade de uma nova forma de se fazer teologia que vá de encontro às diversas pluralidades existentes no mundo contemporâneo, dentre elas, a diversidade cultural. Para isso, abordamos a chamada teologia hermenêutica, iniciada por Claude Geffré e desenvolvida por diversos teólogos e filósofos na atualidade, tais como Jean Grondin, Jean Greisch e Werner Jearond. Mostramos como essa nova forma de fazer teologia ao mesmo tempo em que recria a si mesma traz também um recriar do próprio mundo, o que pode contribuir para um fazer teológico comprometido com a realidade no qual está inserido, bem como propor novas formas de se aproximar das diversas culturas populares que surgem na atualidade. Propomos que somente uma teologia que esteja disposta a ouvir as demandas atuais, que nascem nos diversos ambientes da sociedade, dentre eles, a cultura, é possível se tornar uma voz a ser ouvida e que faça sentido para homens e mulheres de nosso tempo.Enviado: 24-10-2018 - Aprovado: 12-2018
O ENSINO RELIGIOSO PÚBLICO A PARTIR DAS MUTAÇÕES DA CIÊNCIA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Libório Luiz Alencar , Silva Cícero Lopes da
Published: December 2018

Tendo em vista a configuração de uma sociedade globalizada e secularizada, qual o papel do Ensino Religioso diante da complexidade religiosa cultural presente no Brasil numa perspectiva de ensino não confessional? Este artigo procura contribuir com a discussão da epistemologia do Ensino Religioso na escola pública do Brasil com base nas mutações do pensamento científico atual. Para isso, utiliza as ideias fundamentais dos princípios da complexidade e do método transdisciplinar que permitem enxergar entre e além das tradições religiosas e areligiosas numa atitude transcultural e transreligiosa em relação à questão do sagrado. O pensamento complexo-transdisciplinar reconhece a existência dos diferentes níveis de Realidade e a lógica do Terceiro incluído, que favorece um saber dialógico e sistêmico da realidade, da vida e do homem. Nesse sentido, a educação se torna um processo complexo e integral, onde a proposta do Ensino Religioso é o estudo do fenômeno religioso sem proselitismos e com o enfoque transdisciplinar.Enviado: 24-10-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018
ESCRAVIZAR OS ÍNDIOS OU LIBERTÁ-LOS? A HERMENÊUTICA BÍBLICA DA CONTROVÉRSIA DE VALLADOLID AOS DIAS ATUAIS
Authors: Silva Valmor da
Published: December 2018

O artigo expõe a argumentação bíblica usada na controvérsia de Valladolid, na qual Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda defendia a submissão social e religiosa dos índios, enquanto Bartolomé de Las Casas contra-argumentava em favor da livre adesão dos indígenas à fé cristã; e, a partir dessa discussão, abordam-se algumas consequências para a hermenêutica bíblica atual. O objetivo é discutir a interpretação da Bíblia, com relação aos povos oprimidos, expor duas visões hermenêuticas opostas e emitir um juízo de valores sobre o assunto para a atualidade. O método utilizado é bibliográfico, com a consulta a fontes históricas, com recurso à exegese e hermenêutica de textos bíblicos e com releitura crítica atualizada, em vista de ações políticas e pastorais para com grupos humanos marginalizados. Como resultado, avalia-se negativamente o uso da Bíblia para propostas colonialistas, tanto de assistencialismo social quanto de imposições religiosas, em favor de uma hermenêutica bíblica de projetos libertários que valorizem categorias de pessoas injustiçadas. Conclui-se pela necessidade da correta interpretação bíblica, por meio da exegese e hermenêutica dos textos sagrados e na ótica de pobres, oprimidos e marginalizados. O critério hermenêutico de interpretação dos textos bíblicos deve acompanhar a defesa da vida, em qualquer circunstância histórica em que ela estiver ameaçada.Enviado: 08-12-2017 - Aprovado: 12-2018
A MISTAGOGIA DOS EXERCÍCIOS ESPIRITUAIS DE SANTO INÁCIO DE LOYOLA E A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DO SELF
Authors: Almeida Júnior José Benedito de
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o processo de transformação de si, promovido pelos exercícios espirituais inacianos. Estes exercícios espirituais são um legado de quase quinhentos anos e ainda continuam a ser aplicados nos centros de retiro inacianos em vários países, proporcionando uma experiência profunda para os participantes. Em essência, o propósito dos exercícios é auxiliar o praticante a colocar-se à disposição da vontade divina, por meio, principalmente, do ordenamento das afeições. Não se trata de um conjunto de regras morais, seu objetivo é proporcionar mudanças existenciais na forma de ser no mundo, portanto, trata-se de uma mistagogia. O processo mistagógico dos exercícios ocorre por meio da contemplação, que, nas perspectiva inaciana, inclui a inspiração, a imaginação e a ação.Enviado: 27-10-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018
Relationship between Organizational Control and Job Performance of Special Education Teacher in Pakistan
Authors: Thakur Ibtasam , Quraishi Uzma , Rana Fazal Abbas
Published: December 2018

Over the last decades, Organizational performance has been often studied by different human resource managers. Many studies have suggested how to enhance performance and guide employees. But there is dearth of such researches in the field of special education schools in Pakistan. Keeping in view cultural context of Pakistan this study had examined how organizational control in special education schools was related to teachers’ job performance and how effective control could increase job performance. Therefore, purpose of this study was to examine relationship between organizational control and job performance of special education teachers. Using data of 374 special education teachers from 9 districts of the Punjab, researcher found support for research questions. Stratified cluster random sample technique was used to draw the sample. The data was collected through questionnaire developed by the researcher for job performance and organizational control in schools. The results of this study showed that there is positive relationship between job performance and control of organizational culture. Findings of the study showed that if organizational control will be effective, the job performance will also increase and similarly if control in an organization will be weak, job performance of teachers will be decreased. It was concluded that organizational control leave strong impact on job performance of special education teachers. The implications of the results for further directions and research were discussed.
Primary School Science Teachers’ Attitude towards Using Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) In Teaching Science
Authors: Mai Mohammed Yousef , Muruges Ghaneshwary R.
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study is to identify the attitude of science teachers towards the usage of Frog VLE in teaching and learning primary science. The sample consisted of 148 science teachers in Cameron Highlands and Taiping (45 male and 103 female). Data is collected by questionnaire which contains 40 questions with 5 Likert scale. The independent t test and One-way ANOVA is used to answer the research questions. Findings indicated that the science teachers in Cameron Highlands and Taiping have neutral attitude towards the usage of Frog VLE in teaching primary science. There are no any significant differences in the attitude towards Frog VLE among science teachers between male and female. Teachers with less experience (younger teacher) have greater attitude compared to old teachers. Science teachers with higher professional grade have greater attitude compared to the teachers with lower professional grade. Hence, science teachers are encouraged to attend courses and develop skills in using Frog VLE to increase their attitude in usage of Frog VLE in teaching science.
Social Partnership in Vocational Education and Training in Albania
Authors: Gishti Ejvis (Shehi)
Published: December 2018

In the course of the still ongoing transition process the country has performed major structural and economic reforms. The Albanian economy, the labour market and individuals’ aspirations have undergone fundamental changes in the past years. The Vocational Education and Training (VET) system has generally not been in a position to keep pace with these developments. Good practice examples exist only in certain institutions and programmes that have benefited from sustained national, donor and/or private sector support. Numerous analytical and strategic papers have concluded that more systemic efforts are needed at this point to bring VET provision better in line with identified labour market demands. There is no sense of offering education and training for young people or adults, which is of little value for them in terms of becoming skilled workers or progressing on in education to develop higher levels of skills. Within this context, the definition of social partnership in VET is still unclear for both governments and the social partners themselves and is presently not seen as a mechanism for supporting decision making. Social partner organizations are poorly structured to deal with their new roles in VET. A combination of several factors still limits the effective participation in VET systems of social partners. In the conclusions of this study, it is important to know that the governance and decision-making capacities of social partners need to be improved, as well as their technical and operational knowledge of the vocational training sector. It is important to ensure that all potential misunderstandings and overlapping functions in this complex plethora of advising bodies are clarified as soon as possible. Careful revision of the roles and responsibilities of social partners that participate in a number of different councils can be a good starting point for acquiring a clear picture of potential overlaps.
Supporting Design and Technology Lessons with the Use of Prolem-Based Learning
Authors: Sambas Abdul Azim Mohamed , Shahrill Masitah , Sajali Masriatol Zuraifah
Published: December 2018

This study implemented the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in Design and Technology lessons. The investigation involved students’ attitudes towards PBL. PBL is said to enhance students’ understanding and provide them with meaningful learning experience. The participants for this study were seven Year 11 students consisting of two males and five females from a secondary school in Brunei Darussalam. Data were collected using instruments such as pre- and post-tests, observation list, participant observation, reflection and interviews. The study found there were improvements in the collaboration between the students. They had the opportunities to think creatively to generate ideas for their project. Students’ attitudes became more positive with the implementation using PBL. It is suggested that future teachers to use this method. However, teachers’ confidence in using the PBL method will need to be further enhanced.
Tracing the Global Child: Global Politics Shaping Local Childhoods
Authors: Bushati Angela
Published: December 2018

The concept of childhood, and particularly considering the social and cultural construction of childhood, has not received enough focus in the ongoing debates on globalization and its consequences. Yet, essential elements of globalization are omnipresent in the guise of new discourses around childhood, which have become particularly resonant transnationally. A lot of international treaties or conventions, such as the United Nations Children’s Rights Convention (1989) shape national and local realities of children worldwide based on global conceptualisations of childhood, which are based mainly on western ideals of what it means to be a child. Applying such global notions of childhood in different contexts around the world often does not consider local realities and cultural ideologies of childhood, and indirectly does more harm than good. Childhood constitutes an essential and very delicate nexus in the continuously changing realities. Since childhood occupies a symbolic space where the consequences of globalization can be reflected, it cannot be left unconsidered. Not only childhood comprehends the basis of cultural connection, but it is the main mechanism of social recreation. Building on postcolonial and critical whiteness studies, the paper tries to analyse a few aspects relating the westernization and construction of the global child ideal and presenting an overview of the impacts of children global policies towards shaping local childhoods.
The Impact of Media on Juvenile Delinquency in the Care of Abu Dhabi and Fujairah - United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Karbi Mufaraj Ali , Mai Mohammed Yousef
Published: December 2018

This study was aimed to investigate the impact of the media on juvenile delinquency in the care of Abu Dhabi and Fujairah - United Arab Emirates, as well as studying the behaviours of adolescents in watching the media and its influence on them, and also measuring the readiness of the delinquents to accept the awareness of media as a means of adjustment and a proactive means to prevent delinquency. A quantitative approach was used for this study, A questionnaire was distributed to 46 delinquent juveniles (39 males and 7 females) who were taken care of by Abu Dhabi and Fujairah care homes, and it was also distributed to 120 intermediate and secondary school students (65 males and 55 females) in Abu Dhabi and Fujairah. The findings showed that there is a positive relationship between the number of school failures in adolescents more than twice and the possibility of a teenager at risk of becoming a delinquent, the probability of juvenile delinquency and high rates for adolescents who watch different media materials. The results also showed that there is no relationship between adolescents imitating violent content in media and the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency. As a conclusion, Juvenile delinquency is more likely to be in the 15 to 17 age group.
The Utilisation of Images in the Teaching of Lessons
Authors: Foutsitzi Archontia
Published: December 2018

The use of educational tools in teaching is a crucial issue, bearing in mind that their contribution has been pointed out on various occasions by many researchers. Images are one of the tools which contribute to the learning process. This is the reason why most teachers use visual materials when teaching lessons. The aim of this study is to highlight the contribution and the usefulness of images in teaching through the teachers’ actions.
Anglophone, Civilian, and Islamic Legal Cultures: Three Views of Human Trust in the Age of Technology and Globalization
Authors: Garske Joseph P
Published: December 2018

:The project to construct a global regimen of law raises questions about whether human relations of personal trust continue to be relevant—especially, in a technologically mediated reality of atomized social connections. Some answers may be found by comparing the role of trust in the fundamental premise of each of the three historic legal cultures, Anglophone, Civilian, and Islamic. In fact, the understanding of human trust works differently in each of those legal regimes. One has a pejorative view of human nature, trusting its tendency to reprobation. Another trusts the faculty of human reason, its potential for growth and development, but mistrusts human subjectivity. The third is based on confidence in the natural human capacities, including bonds of personal trust. These differences began with the historical origin of each tradition. One, born as a system of legal commerce, was based on collegiality. One, produced by scholars and philosophers, was based on ideals and principles. One universalized its sacred teachings by combining them with patterns of reciprocity and accord that had existed earlier among tribes and peoples. Their different assumptions about human nature resulted in different conceptions of what law is, the method it should employ, and the purpose it can serve. Each tradition operates within its population on a different principle. In contrast with one another, they represent, respectively, faith and obedience, reason and order, justice and conciliation. As technology penetrates national borders, transcending barriers of topography and distance, it has brought these three traditions together. The conflict arising from that encounter raises profound questions about what form of legal culture will eventually predominate, what conception of human nature will prevail, and what level of human trust will define the global age.
Transforming radio, changing listener
Authors: Birsen Özgül
Published: December 2018

The new media concept, which emerged with the rapid change of technology, has also changed the perception of society to mass media. It is an absolute reality that the changing radio concept in the digitizing period has changed and transformed the listener along with it. It has also reformed the new media audience, which has been reformed with the convergence of mass media with technology, not only as an audience but also as a participant. As a result of convergence, new concepts such as interaction, synchronicity and mass unification have emerged. While interaction in the traditional media is provided at a limited level, content in the new media is often determined by the audience. From the point of view of new media and user relations, radio has become the medium of communication that can adapt to this change in the easiest way and change contents in this direction. the Internet has offered a radio technology to radio listeners that allows the radio to establish its own radio. All these technological developments and the activation of the audience have reshaped the radio and listener relationship. The main aim of this study is to reveal how the radio, a warm communication medium, is shaped its own language and the relationship established with the audience through technology. In this direction, a structured in-depth interview will be held with 24 people working at Anadolu University in February 2018. These people will be randomly determined according to their socio-economic status. According to the Socio-economic Statutes, 8 faculty members, 8 civil servants and 8 workers will be selected. The selected sampling will ask questions such as radio listening habits, why they listen to the radio and what the effect of participating in radio programs for a democratic society will be in order to define the link they establish with the radio.
Innovated water-reuse through redistribution schema, benefits and challenges
Authors: Kristo Kostandin
Published: December 2018

The drought regarding a climate forecast Albanian departments have marked the past three months were the result of winter rainfall that was insufficient for replenishing water tables this year and before . We often say that water shortages are not a threat for our country due to plenty water sources . It's possible to think this when we compare our situation to that in other countries. Still , in some regions the availability of water resources is becoming an urgent problem, even more so if we link this to the different scenarios tied to climate change. Each basin has specificities, but some general evolutions should be planned for ,increase in water demand due to the rise in temperatures , causing an increase in the price of water and usage conflicts , change in the amount of the available water resources , changes in the flow of waterways and the aquifer recharge ,decrease in water quality ( meaning a concentration of pollutants and a weakening in self-purification capacities) rise in nitrates in waterways and in aquifers may occur, as well as increased salinity levels ,increase in the vulnerability of certain ecosystems due to the rise in the risk of erosion, flooding and salting. This paper aims to introduce the benefits and challenges of applying at homes or communal buildings of an Eco-innovation , through developing a new inside distribution of wastewater so that it concludes into sustainable development of inside communal water distribution , therefore recycling inside the house . The main objective of the study is to make evident the cost- efficiency importance of these re-distribution systems , and how they affect improvement in water needs sector , highlighting the deficiencies that cause their not fully-efficient re-use of grey inside water and the positive impact on the potable water saving .
Absolute Invalidity of Legal Actions and Trial of Relevant Lawsuits Pursuant to the Albanian Civil Procedural Legislation and Jurisprudence
Authors: Aliaj Julejda , Haxhiraj Enkelejda
Published: December 2018

Purpose of work: The Civil Code of the Republic of Albania provides no terms with regard to the validity of the legal action; however it sets forth the circumstances (legal facts) causing invalidity of legal actions. The purpose of this work is to analyze the essential elements of the legal action, which lack and ambiguity leads to action nullity. On the other hand, this work intends to present the interaction between material and procedural law and case-law with regard to the trial of those lawsuits dealing with absolute invalidity of legal actions. Research method: The methodology employed in this work relies on surveying and analyzing methods. Given its characteristics, this work is based on the qualitative methods to analyze the main elements of legal actions, which lack results in invalidity to nullity of such actions. The qualitative method includes the descriptive and interpretative method for trying lawsuits related to absolute invalidity of legal actions. Results: This work will give a clear picture of the concept of absolute invalidity of legal action and its trial pursuant to the Albanian procedural legislation and jurisprudence. Conclusions: Through this study we intend to make a deeper analysis on the absolute invalidity of legal actions, the causes of such invalidity and its trial pursuant to the procedural legislation and jurisprudence.
Policies in the Fight against Fiscal Evasion in Albania
Authors: Balliu Henris
Published: December 2018

The transition process in Albania has revealed numerous problems uniformly spread having versatile impact. Such referring point is quality and effectiveness of fiscal policy in order to establish a sustainable connection among its goals and instruments being used. As a country that operates under conditions of market economy, Albania deems it necessary to increase the level of revenues in order to stabilize problems of economic balance and balance of payments. The analyses have shown that authority of fiscal policy has played primary role in the economic progress of the country. For that purpose, the behavior of contributors and their opportunity for evasion is taken into account as an important factor in the drafting of fiscal policies. The large business and VIP business conceal revenues; manipulate balances and the number of employees. Therefore they avoid tax liabilities. Roughly 45 % of economy in the country is informal, an informal market, an informal business and so on. Even nowadays, when a series of measures and amendments to the law have taken place, we still remain inside the transition train toward the station of a country with European standards. That is why the goal of this work is to analyze the offense of fiscal evasion and evasion of tax liabilities, the instruments in the prevention of this offense and the bodies rendering assistance in the fight against fiscal evasion. Arising questions are as following: What is the meaning of fiscal evasion?; What are the forms of fiscal evasion?; What are the established structures in the fight against tax informality?; What are the strategies used in the fight against fiscal evasion?; What are the solutions that can be offered?
Entrepreneurship as a Factor of the Migrant Capacity of Producing Social and Cultural Equality: The Case of Sikh Indian Entrepreneurs in Rome
Authors: Faggioni Francesca , Pesce Mario
Published: December 2018

Currently strong frictions, uncertainties and contrasts characterize society, defined by many as being very complex. The global economic crisis that began in 2006 and especially in Italy became a social and cultural crisis, which affected all societies and nations increasing the distance between the so-called West (Latouche, 2006) and the rest of the world. In this context, migrations have progressively distinguished themselves as a phenomena with global characteristics that have taken the form of real diasporas (Cohen, 2008; Clifford, 1994; Said, 1993;) and which definitively represent the need for a moment of study, analysis and economic and social interpretation that can give vital feedback, not only to scholars and professionals, but also and above all to policy makers.
Legal Aspects on the Audit of the Albanian Olympic Community by the International Organisations
Authors: Shatku Saimir , Varoshi Ismail
Published: December 2018

One of the main factors influencing the determination of the degree of democratization of a country and its economic development is the transparency of decision-making bodies and its free exercise without being influenced by political factors and other related elements. Transparency is the most important element in the exercise of any activity of any budget institution or economic entity, for the fact that it creates credibility and security for the general public in undertaking new initiatives, as well as offers strong grounds for fair and effective powers of all state institutions. To achieve this goal, a stable state approves in its constitutional and legal acts, the creation of special and independent structures with the sole purpose of controlling the legality and efficiency of the activity of any state body or even of private entities. Such special structures help to create a strong and constitutional power that exercises its core activity through independent bodies in full compliance with the legislation in force. It should be acknowledged that often different subjects or institutions exercise their activity by causing irregularities in conformity with the law and thereby violating openly other legal rights arising from them. For the purpose of avoiding and eliminating these abuses, the legislature has created an independent body of Supreme State Audit which enables the exercise of effective control over any activity of state bodies and institutions. This right which enables the exercise of such control in the legal language shall be considered as an audit process.
L2 Writing: A Comparison of Upper Intermediate and Advanced EFL Learners
Authors: Lahuerta Ana Cristina
Published: December 2018

The present study examines differences in syntactic complexity in English writing among advanced and upper intermediate undergraduates by means of quantitative measures of syntactic complexity. Participants were 250 Spanish undergraduates enrolled in a Degree in Modern Languages. A total of 121 students had an upper intermediate level (B2 level according to the CEFR) and 129 had an advanced level (C1 level according to the CEFR). Essays were evaluated by quantitative measures gauging different aspects of L2 complexity. Results indicate that the complexity measures chosen can capture significant differences in writing proficiency when comparing different proficiency levels. The scores on the general quality of the writings and on all syntactic complexity measures increased from B2 to C12 and for all complexity measures the increase was statistically significant.
Teaching ESP Terminology- Case Study Agricultural University of Tirana (AUT)
Authors: Jata Enkeleda
Published: December 2018

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) focuses on learners’ specific needs in a particular profession. There are different reasons why people study a language. ESP is starting to play an important role in today’s world. The aim of this article is to find the difficulties encountered by the students when learning the terminology of Agriculture and Environment. For this reason, 103 questionnaires were collected. The questions are based on the process of learning-teaching specialized vocabulary. They provide feedback on student’s difficulties in learning ESP terminology. The main aim is to teach students basic and advance working knowledge, so they can communicate in English in the area of their study. The focus of this study is to present a detailed description of the students’ needs and difficulties in learning ESP terminology.
Challenges of Grading in an ESP Course
Authors: Didenko Iryna , Zhukova Nataliia
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with the drawbacks of the existent grading system in the English for Specific Purposes course and the suggested solution to this problem. The main difficulty concerns the fact that in Ukraine the CEFR level is not mentioned in the transcript of the university diploma containing the list of the courses and their grades. This is the reason of impossibility to split students into groups according to their initial level of English language competency and give them an opportunity to develop at an appropriate pace and rate. Thus, we can not completely meet the needs of our students, although satisfying the learners’ needs is the key point in an ESP course. This discrepancy pushed us, ESP practitioners, to reconsider our approach to the grading system in an ESP course. We have suggested a system of level ratio that may be applied while calculating the final grades of the students. The introduction of this system may eliminate the outlined problem and enchance motivation of university students in an ESP classroom. In this paper we have described the mechanism of level ratio application, depicted the advantages of the suggested theory and outlined possible problems that can appear.
Identification of Common EFL Errors in Writings of Kosovar Freshmen
Authors: Turtulla Sermin , Lopar Elsev Brina
Published: December 2018

This descriptive study aims to identify the most common English language errors committed by EFL freshmen of the second largest university in Kosova. Data was collected from a corpus of hand-written essays from 210 freshmen in English Language and Literature Department at University of Prizren during the winter semester of 2016/2017 academic year. Data was analyzed using frequency count and percentage distribution. Findings of the study revealed that faulty use of prepositions and present simple tense made up almost half of the total number of errors committed.
Writing and Metacognition: How Italian Students Represent the School Organization and the Assessment Processes
Authors: Moretti Giovanni , Giuliani Arianna , Morini Arianna Lodovica
Published: December 2018

The importance of involving students in writing activities that encourage them to work on metacognitive processes is shared by educational experts (Albanese et al., 2003; Harris et al., 2010; De Simone et al., 2015). During the formative process, activities that require students to use judgment and critical thinking skills, as well as challenging them to reflect on themes close to their daily-life, are those reported to be more effective (Bruning - Horn, 2000; Boscolo - Gelati, 2007; Smith et al., 2007). The paper presents the results of a writing laboratory developed with Italian undergraduate students. The students were freshmen at the Department of Education of the Roma Tre University. The main objective was to work on the metacognitive skills of students, asking them to clarify their idea of "school organization and assessment processes in Italy", through a written paper. In addition to argumentative texts, students were asked to identify one or more illustrations to support their own judgment. The research hypothesis was that ideas that students have about scholastic organization and about assessment processes could considerably influence the way in which they approach their academic path. The products of the laboratory were systematically shared and discussed with the students. The result of the research confirms the importance of working with students on writing skills and on metacognition. These are shown to be relevant to the students' educational and professional future.
The Reading Horizont of Adam Smith from the Perspective of His Italian Library
Authors: Ardeleanu Sanda-Maria , Ioniță Cristina
Published: December 2018

The paper proposes understanding the reading interest in Italian of the thinker Adam Smith (1723-1790), author of the Theory of Moral Sentiments and of the Wealth of Nations from the perspective of the partial review of his library’s catalogue, with approximately 1,000 titles published in English, French, Italian, Greek and Latin. The list of books published in Italian, which Adam Smith purchased for his library and we assume he also read, since he quoted some, represent the Appendix of the present work. From his Italian library, 60 volumes were identified, published between 1547 (B. Castiglione, Il Cortegiano) and 1784 (32 volumes from Parnaso Italiano ovvero Raccolto de’ Poeti Classici Italiani). Just a few years before his death, the great admiror of Italian literature, assiduous reader of Italian poetry, drama, memoirs, correspondence, biographies, jurisprudence, economics, art and history (especially that of Venice and Florence) was still purchasing and reading books from the Italian states, a fact which sketches a personality with a profound cultural and humanities features.
Observations of the Antonyms of Nouns and Adjectives in the Economic Terminology in the Albanian Language
Authors: Pllana Sadete , Pllana Albulena , Pllana Fisnike
Published: December 2018

The antonymy arouses various discussions in various studies, especially the extreme or scalable opposition, it is complete and partial, negation and opposition. On the basis of many studies it is argued and accepted that the antonyms deny each other but at the same time assert themselves. Compound antonymic words are more numerous than the merged words (agglutinations). By analyzing the syntactic relationships between the elements of these words, they emerge entirely only as deterministic compounds. From the lexical-grammatical point of view these are nouns, adjectives and few adverbs and pronouns. In this work, the antonymic pairs, nouns and adjectives, are treated, which are widely used in the Albanian economic terminology. The systemic organization of terminology is also helped by the antonymic contrasts. Contrary to synonymy and homonymy, the antonymy characterizes the terminology positively, precisely because it proves the systematic connection of terms for a developed terminology in the system.
The Connection betweeen Unemployment and Migration at the Level of Hunedoara County and Town
Authors: Tiberiu Dîscă
Published: December 2018

The population of Hunedoara County has manifested after the Revolution of December 1989 a continuous downward trend. According to National Statistics Institute in Hunedoara County, in 2012, at the last population census there was only a number of 418,545 people representing the constant population and since 2016 it had decreased with almost 5% in 4 years but counting from 1992 the decrease is of almost 28%. As far as concerns migration, the official figures of the number of the temporarily absent people left abroad for a shorter than a 12 months’ period it was 5,510 and the number of those who were left for a period longer than a year it was 15,215. As follows, the total numbe`r of migrants was 20,725 which represents a percentage higher than 4% from the total number of the population. Comparing the data received from the AJOFM Hunedoara (the statistics is effectuated every year in August) with those obtained from the CJRAE Hunedoara (statistics reported every year in February), - excepting the year 2015- when the effect of the liberalisation of the labour market in Great Britain can be remarked, it can be noticed a descendent evolution of the number of unemployed which fact drags a decrease of the children with migrant parents. On the other hand, a very important decline of the unemployment in 2017 resulted into a diminution of the parents who would leave abroad in the following year.
The Impact of Economic and Demographic Factors on Retirement Risks in Albania
Authors: Idrizi Olgerta , Shahini Besa
Published: December 2018

C19, the pension system has an important role in developing countries’ economies. It is very important in the context of the social security. During the last two decades, pension plan in Albania, has passed important transformation in all aspects. So the first goal is maintaining the stability of this system. The aim of this paper is to analyze the efficiency and sustainability of the existing pension system in the Albania and the identification of key factors, which determine its further stability. We should point out that life insurance market and pension plan in Albania are noticeably underdeveloped compared to other European countries, but in the recent years it has been developing moderately under the influence of various factors. Many economic factors have an impact on it, and some of them are globalization, global economic crisis and expressed instability of financial markets. Other factors like demographic factors: mortality rate, life expectancy and net migration have also impact on retirement risk, but in this paper we will analyze and indicate the most significant economic and demographic factors.
Non-Performing Loans Increase in the Albanian Banking Sector during the Last Global Economic Crisis - An Analysis Based on the Client Groups
Authors: Şan Turan
Published: December 2018

Non - performing loans (NPLs) in the Albanian banking sector has become a crucial problem during the last global crisis. In this study, it was aimed to understand the specific reasons of and resolutions for this issue by analyzing the bank loans based on the borrower groups. Since the general increase of the business loans’ portion in the total loans has been mostly due to the loans to large enterprises, the focus of the study is on this group. The main factors of NPLs rise by the bankers answered the questionnaire are : financing unrealistic projects, lack of corporate structure in borrowers, wrong lending decisions due to external influences/corruption, negative effects of some government applications, unfair competition in some sectors from time to time, decrease in primary commodities’ prices and false external audit. According to 86 percent of them; deeper analysis of potential clients, elimination of external factors’ effects and corruption in lending decisions, government measures to prevent unfair competition, establishment of corporate structure in borrowers and more reliable external audit are the most effective remedies while 71 percent of them consider this situation as normal for Albania under its existing conditions. It is suggested that more comprehensive and objective client analysis by the banks, institutionalization in and more reliable external audit of business entities, precise and timely government decisions to prevent unfair competition and launching of new financing methods will cause considerable improvement in NPLs issue.
Some Factors for Growing Savings in Kosovo
Authors: Mexhuani Fitim , Ribaj Artur
Published: December 2018

The main problem for developing countries is the lack of investment, which consequently limits the country's economic growth. Developing the real sector of any economy is not an issue that should be left to random actors. So, the Government of Kosovo, Bank of Kosovo and Commercial Banks are the three main actors that should be focused on factors that influence the growth of the level of domestic savings. By channeling savings into Kosovo's economy through banks for investments in healthy financial capital, Kosovo becomes economically and politically more developed and independent. This paper based on literature analyses and data processing identifies some of the factors that could affect the growth of savings in Kosovo, as these will lead to higher level of financial capital for entrepreneurs and the continuity of the country's economic growth. Taxation and income levels, demographic variables, confidence and deposit security, banking network, state-owned bank, financial education and financial inclusion are among the key factors of increasing savings. The interest rate is also important factor, but since this factor is often subject of other papers, we did not incorporate it in this paper.
Tourism Clusters, Characteristics, Principles and Developing Theory
Authors: Doçaj Xhevahir , Domi Shpresim , Terpollari Arben
Published: December 2018

This is a descriptive paper that intends to analyze the Tourism Cluster Theory, considering the theoretical consideration, different opinions and ways of approaches. It considers carefully definitions, and the essential basic factors and characteristics that determine conditions and chances of creating a tourism cluster system. Importance of the competition and possible cooperation meantime between present actors in a specific location. Very significant aspects and elements of the cluster areas follows: technology, innovation and creative innovative ideas, marketing, operating mode; significance of suppliers evaluating meantime its influence on the added value chain of local Agri-tourism development. Clusters as well can create economy of scales and bring profits to the cluster’s actors. Furthermore, concept of the sustainable tourism is a keyword of developing policies, what makes present active subjects to think globally.