bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Surface Waves on Airborne Lidar Bathymetry (ALB) Measurement Uncertainties
Authors: Birkebak Matthew , Eren Firat , Pe’eri Shachak , Weston Neil
Published: March 2018

Airborne Lidar Bathymetry (ALB) provides a rapid means of data collection that provides seamless digital elevation maps across land and water. However, environmental factors such as water surface induce significant uncertainty in the ALB measurements. In this study, the effect of water surface on the ALB measurements is characterized both theoretically and empirically. Theoretical analysis includes Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations that evaluate different environmental and hardware conditions such as wind speed, laser beam footprint diameter and off-nadir angle that are typically observed in ALB survey conditions. The empirical study includes development of an optical detector array to measure and analyze the refraction angle of the laser beam under a variety of environmental and hardware conditions. The results suggest that the refraction angle deviations ( 2 σ ) in the along-wind direction vary between 3–5° when variations in wind speed, laser beam footprint size and the laser beam incidence angle are taken into account.
Wearable Smart System for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Ramadhan Ali
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we present a wearable smart system to help visually impaired persons (VIPs) walk by themselves through the streets, navigate in public places, and seek assistance. The main components of the system are a microcontroller board, various sensors, cellular communication and GPS modules, and a solar panel. The system employs a set of sensors to track the path and alert the user of obstacles in front of them. The user is alerted by a sound emitted through a buzzer and by vibrations on the wrist, which is helpful when the user has hearing loss or is in a noisy environment. In addition, the system alerts people in the surroundings when the user stumbles over or requires assistance, and the alert, along with the system location, is sent as a phone message to registered mobile phones of family members and caregivers. In addition, the registered phones can be used to retrieve the system location whenever required and activate real-time tracking of the VIP. We tested the system prototype and verified its functionality and effectiveness. The proposed system has more features than other similar systems. We expect it to be a useful tool to improve the quality of life of VIPs.
EquiMoves: A Wireless Networked Inertial Measurement System for Objective Examination of Horse Gait
Authors: Bosch Stephan , Serra Bragança Filipe , Marin-Perianu Mihai , Marin-Perianu Raluca , Van der Zwaag Berend , Voskamp John , Back Willem , Van Weeren René , Havinga Paul
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we describe and validate the EquiMoves system, which aims to support equine veterinarians in assessing lameness and gait performance in horses. The system works by capturing horse motion from up to eight synchronized wireless inertial measurement units. It can be used in various equine gait modes, and analyzes both upper-body and limb movements. The validation against an optical motion capture system is based on a Bland–Altman analysis that illustrates the agreement between the two systems. The sagittal kinematic results (protraction, retraction, and sagittal range of motion) show limits of agreement of ± 2.3 degrees and an absolute bias of 0.3 degrees in the worst case. The coronal kinematic results (adduction, abduction, and coronal range of motion) show limits of agreement of − 8.8 and 8.1 degrees, and an absolute bias of 0.4 degrees in the worst case. The worse coronal kinematic results are most likely caused by the optical system setup (depth perception difficulty and suboptimal marker placement). The upper-body symmetry results show no significant bias in the agreement between the two systems; in most cases, the agreement is within ±5 mm. On a trial-level basis, the limits of agreement for withers and sacrum are within ±2 mm, meaning that the system can properly quantify motion asymmetry. Overall, the bias for all symmetry-related results is less than 1 mm, which is important for reproducibility and further comparison to other systems.
Evaluation of a Sensor System for Detecting Humans Trapped under Rubble: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhang Di , Sessa Salvatore , Kasai Ritaro , Cosentino Sarah , Giacomo Cimarelli , Mochida Yasuaki , Yamada Hiroya , Guarnieri Michele , Takanishi Atsuo
Published: March 2018

Rapid localization of injured survivors by rescue teams to prevent death is a major issue. In this paper, a sensor system for human rescue including three different types of sensors, a CO2 sensor, a thermal camera, and a microphone, is proposed. The performance of this system in detecting living victims under the rubble has been tested in a high-fidelity simulated disaster area. Results show that the CO2 sensor is useful to effectively reduce the possible concerned area, while the thermal camera can confirm the correct position of the victim. Moreover, it is believed that the use of microphones in connection with other sensors would be of great benefit for the detection of casualties. In this work, an algorithm to recognize voices or suspected human noise under rubble has also been developed and tested.
Integrating Sustainability into Construction Engineering Projects: Perspective of Sustainable Project Planning
Authors: Yu Miao , Zhu Fangwei , Yang Xiaotian , Wang Linzhuo , Sun Xiuxia
Published: March 2018

With the balanced requirement of environmental, economic and social objectives in projects intensifying, the need for integrating sustainability with project management has drawn attention in both academia and practice. Especially for large complex construction engineering projects, how to achieve sustainability-related objectives in project practices has been endowed with an irreplaceable significance. This study explores the use of project planning practices for integrating sustainability into project management practices of construction engineering projects. Sustainable project planning, as the main instrument of sustainable project management, was put forward and measured to help project managers and practitioners understand what it is and how to carry it out in construction engineering projects. Qualitative methods based on content analysis of interview data of project managers from construction engineering projects, as well as quantitative method on account of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of statistical data, were used to define and assess the construct of sustainable project planning (SPP). Results indicate that SPP as a project planning practice combine the principles of sustainability should consist of three dimensions—managerial control, risk response, and work consensus—to guarantee sustainable construction and predict project success of construction engineering projects. This study shed light on academics and practices concerning the sustainable management of project planning activities and the achievement of sustainable-related objectives in construction engineering projects.
Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Alkaloid Extracts from Seeds of Different Genotypes of Lupinus spp.
Authors: Romeo Flora , Fabroni Simona , Ballistreri Gabriele , Muccilli Serena , Spina Alfio , Rapisarda Paolo
Published: March 2018

Alkaloid profiles of 22 lupin genotypes belonging to three different cultivated species, Lupinus albus L., Lupinus luteus L., and Lupinus angustifolius L., collected from different Italian regions and grown in Sicily, were studied by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine alkaloid composition. More than 30 alkaloids were identified. The lowest alkaloid concentration was observed in the L. albus Luxor, Aster, and Rosetta cultivars, and in all the varieties of L. luteus and L. angustifolius. The highest content was observed in all the landraces of L. albus. Surprisingly, the white lupin Lublanc variety and the commercial seeds of cv Multitalia had a high alkaloid content. The tested species and the different genotypes exhibited different alkaloid profiles: lupanine, 13α-hydroxylupanine, and albine were the main alkaloids in the analyzed L. albus seeds; angustifoline and 13α-tigloyloxylupanine were well-represented in L. albus landraces; sparteine and lupinine were typical of L. luteus; and lupanine, 13α-hydroxylupanine, and angustifoline were the main alkaloids in L. angustifolius seeds. The samples with the highest amounts of total alkaloids proved to be interesting from a pharmaceutical viewpoint. The alkaloid extracts showed significant activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.
Sustainability and the Viable Systems Approach: Opportunities and Issues for the Governance of the Territory
Authors: Barile Sergio , Quattrociocchi Bernardino , Calabrese Mario , Iandolo Francesca
Published: March 2018

The aim of this paper is to propose an approach for representing the territory as a dynamic system of intersubjective relationships that is able to guarantee not only the efficiency of the processes within organizations, but also effective results in the general context and a sustainable impact on the broader environment. This contribution is developed on the basis of the viable systems approach (vSa), which is intended as a theoretical framework for the analysis of social phenomena as well as for orienting government processes. Using this theoretical framework, the proposed approach leads to the representation of the territory as a viable system that is capable of surviving in its own context by creating value for the other entities of the context (public groups of governments, communities, investors, natural environment, future generations, non-human species), thus defining the essential conditions for a sustainable equilibrium. The consideration that social phenomena have to be analyzed by taking into account the different relations and interactions that orient the behavior of individuals and, as a consequence, their main collective manifestations, i.e., organizations, underlines the importance of shifting from a traditional reductionist approach to a systemic approach. In what follows, taking a cue from the definition of sustainability that implies a wider sharing, we provide some initial critical positions, and finally shape the useful elements that can be preparatory to the introduction of a working hypothesis that is capable of delineating a possible itinerary for the development of the territory.
An Improved Cuckoo Search for a Patient Transportation Problem with Consideration of Reducing Transport Emissions
Authors: Xiao Liyang , Dridi Mahjoub , Hajjam El Hassani Amir , Fei Hongying , Lin Wanlong
Published: March 2018

Many government agencies and business organizations have realized that it is necessary to consider not only the economic cost but also the road transport emissions when they determine the transport policies and operations. In this study, a patient transportation problem with the aim of reducing transport emissions has been formulated by implementing CVRP model. In order to determine the routes of patient transportation with optimized emissions for targeted hospital, an improved Cuckoo Search (ICS) algorithm is proposed. In this study, a ‘split’ procedure has been implemented to simplify the individual’s representation. A new category of cuckoos has been introduced to improve the ICS’s search ability. Two heuristics have been applied to improve the quality of initial population. A local search mechanism has been embedded in the search procedure to improve the quality of solutions obtained at the end of each iteration. The computational results were encouraging and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed solution method.
The Impossible in China’s Homestead Management: Free Access, Marketization and Settlement Containment
Authors: Tian Chuanhao , Fang Li
Published: March 2018

Rural settlement containment is a challenging issue for many countries. It becomes especially daunting when people want rural settlements to serve multiple social goals. For example, in China, the central government seeks to simultaneously achieve three goals with the rural homestead management system. It wishes to: (1) contain rural settlements to preserve farmland; (2) entitle rural households to free homestead; and (3) encourage rural residents to accrue monetary income from homesteads. This paper, using survey data from 54 villages in China, shows that these three policy goals are an impossible combination. In fact, the latter two encourage settlement expansion. Moreover, with the latter two in place, we find that rural cadres expand homesteads more aggressively than others, exacerbating social and economic inequality within rural communities.
Splitting and Combining as a Gamification Method in Engaging Structured Knowledge Learning
Authors: Song Donglei , Shi Daqian , Wang Rusi , Xu Hao
Published: March 2018

The understanding of the structure of knowledge is an essential step of education. Although teachers offer the information foundation and relationship among knowledge points, there are still few methods to encourage students to explore the structure of knowledge by themselves outside of classes. This paper explores the gamification method and the knowledge structure of computer science. We assess the gamification method of “splitting and combining” (SC) to encourage students to finish the process of learning structured knowledge in the university. The results show that this method works well in promoting learning enjoyment and that splitting demonstrates better performance than combining. We can consider the SC method when recommending a gamification method to engage students in structural learning assistance in future smart university education.
Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Irrigated Agriculture Suitability to Achieve Food Security in an Arid Environment
Authors: Aldababseh Amal , Temimi Marouane , Maghelal Praveen , Branch Oliver , Wulfmeyer Volker
Published: March 2018

This research aims at assessing land suitability for large-scale agriculture using multiple spatial datasets which include climate conditions, water potential, soil capabilities, topography and land management. The study case is in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, in the UAE. The aridity of climate in the region requires accounting for non-renewable sources like desalination and treated sewage effluent (TSE) for an accurate and realistic assessment of irrigated agriculture suitability. All datasets were systematically aggregated using an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) in a GIS model. A hierarchal structure is built and pairwise comparisons matrices are used to calculate weights of the criteria. All spatial processes were integrated to model land suitability and different types of crops are considered in the analysis. Results show that jojoba and sorghum show the best capabilities to survive under the current conditions, followed by date palm, fruits and forage. Vegetables and cereals proved to be the least preferable options. Introducing desalinated water and TSE enhanced land suitability for irrigated agriculture. These findings have positive implications for national planning, the decision-making process of land alteration for agricultural use and addressing sustainable land management and food security issues.
Vision-Based Parking-Slot Detection: A Benchmark and A Learning-Based Approach
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Xiyuan , Huang Junhao , Shen Ying , Wang Dongqing
Published: March 2018

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in developing automatic parking systems in the field of intelligent vehicles. However, how to effectively and efficiently locating parking-slots using a vision-based system is still an unresolved issue. Even more seriously, there is no publicly available labeled benchmark dataset for tuning and testing parking-slot detection algorithms. In this paper, we attempt to fill the above-mentioned research gaps to some extent and our contributions are twofold. Firstly, to facilitate the study of vision-based parking-slot detection, a large-scale parking-slot image database is established. This database comprises 8600 surround-view images collected from typical indoor and outdoor parking sites. For each image in this database, the marking-points and parking-slots are carefully labeled. Such a database can serve as a benchmark to design and validate parking-slot detection algorithms. Secondly, a learning-based parking-slot detection approach, namely P S D L , is proposed. Using P S D L , given a surround-view image, the marking-points will be detected first and then the valid parking-slots can be inferred. The efficacy and efficiency of P S D L have been corroborated on our database. It is expected that P S D L can serve as a baseline when the other researchers develop more sophisticated methods.
The Primary Duct of Bothrops jararaca Glandular Apparatus Secretes Toxins
Authors: Hemmi Valente Richard , Sakai Fernanda , Portes-Junior José , Godoy Viana Luciana , Mendes Carneiro Sylvia , Perales Jonas , Yamanouye Norma
Published: March 2018

Despite numerous studies concerning morphology and venom production and secretion in the main venom gland (and some data on the accessory gland) of the venom glandular apparatus of Viperidae snakes, the primary duct has been overlooked. We characterized the primary duct of the Bothrops jararaca snake by morphological analysis, immunohistochemistry and proteomics. The duct has a pseudostratified epithelium with secretory columnar cells with vesicles of various electrondensities, as well as mitochondria-rich, dark, basal, and horizontal cells. Morphological analysis, at different periods after venom extraction, showed that the primary duct has a long cycle of synthesis and secretion, as do the main venom and accessory glands; however, the duct has a mixed mode venom storage, both in the lumen and in secretory vesicles. Mouse anti-B. jararaca venom serum strongly stained the primary duct’s epithelium. Subsequent proteomic analysis revealed the synthesis of venom toxins—mainly C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like proteins. We propose that the primary duct’s toxin synthesis products complement the final venom bolus. Finally, we hypothesize that the primary duct and the accessory gland (components of the venom glandular apparatus) are part of the evolutionary path from a salivary gland towards the main venom gland.
Emergence of Melioidosis in Indonesia and Today’s Challenges
Authors: Tauran Patricia , Wahyunie Sri , Saad Farahanna , Dahesihdewi Andaru , Graciella Mahrany , Muhammad Munawir , Lestari Delly , Aryati Aryati , Parwati Ida , Loho Tonny , Pratiwi Dewi , Mutiawati Vivi , Loesnihari Ricke , Anggraini Dewi , Rahayu Siwipeni , Wulan Wahyu , Antonjaya Ungke , Dance David , Currie Bart , Limmathuthurotsakul Direk , Arif Mansyur , Aman Abu , Budayanti Ni , Iskandriati Diah
Published: March 2018

A recent modeling study estimated that there could be as many as 20,000 human melioidosis cases per year in Indonesia, with around 10,000 potential deaths annually. Nonetheless, the true burden of melioidosis in Indonesia is still unknown. The Indonesia Melioidosis Network was formed during the first melioidosis workshop in 2017. Here, we reviewed 101 melioidosis cases (99 human and two animal cases) previously reported and described an additional 45 human melioidosis cases. All 146 culture-confirmed cases were found in Sumatra (n = 15), Java (n = 104), Kalimantan (n = 15), Sulawesi (n = 11) and Nusa Tenggara (n = 1). Misidentification of Burkholderia pseudomallei was not uncommon, and most cases were only recently identified. We also evaluated clinical manifestations and outcome of recent culture-confirmed cases between 2012 and 2017 (n = 42). Overall, 15 (36%) cases were children (age <15 years) and 27 (64%) were adults (age ≥15 years). The overall mortality was 43% (18/42). We conducted a survey and found that 57% (327/548) of healthcare workers had never heard of melioidosis. In conclusion, melioidosis is endemic throughout Indonesia and associated with high mortality. We propose that top priorities are increasing awareness of melioidosis amongst all healthcare workers, increasing the use of bacterial culture, and ensuring accurate identification of B. pseudomalleiand diagnosis of melioidosis.
Cellular hnRNP A1 Interacts with Nucleocapsid Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Impairs Viral Replication
Authors: Li Zhonghua , Zeng Wei , Ye Shiyi , Lv Jian , Nie Axiu , Zhang Bingzhou , Sun Yumei , Han Heyou , He Qigai
Published: March 2018

The nucleocapsid (N) protein is a major structural component of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which is predicted to be a multifunctional protein in viral replication. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is a cellular protein participating in the splicing of pre-mRNA in the nucleus and translation regulation in the cytoplasm. According to our previous proteomic study about PEDV infection in vivo, hnRNP A1 was thought to be a cellular factor influencing PEDV replication. In this report, PEDV N protein was discovered to colocalize with cellular hnRNP A1 in perinuclear region of PEDV infected cells. Co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) results clearly demonstrated that PEDV N protein could bind to human hnRNP A1. Replication of PEDV was inhibited by silencing the expression of hnRNP A1 in CCL-81 cells, suggesting the positive effect of hnRNP A1 on PEDV infection.
Lost in Optimisation of Water Distribution Systems? A Literature Review of System Design
Authors: Mala-Jetmarova Helena , Sultanova Nargiz , Savic Dragan
Published: March 2018

Optimisation of water distribution system design is a well-established research field, which has been extremely productive since the end of the 1980s. Its primary focus is to minimise the cost of a proposed pipe network infrastructure. This paper reviews in a systematic manner articles published over the past three decades, which are relevant to the design of new water distribution systems, and the strengthening, expansion and rehabilitation of existing water distribution systems, inclusive of design timing, parameter uncertainty, water quality, and operational considerations. It identifies trends and limits in the field, and provides future research directions. Exclusively, this review paper also contains comprehensive information from over one hundred and twenty publications in a tabular form, including optimisation model formulations, solution methodologies used, and other important details.
How Much Water Can We Save by Achieving Renewable Portfolio Standards in the Southwest United States?
Authors: Feng Yuzhen , Sueki Sachiko , Devitt Dale , Acharya Kumud
Published: March 2018

Electricity in the Southwestern United States is primarily generated with water intensive steam turbines. If energy demand continues to rise this will lead to a further rise in water demand. A comprehensive understanding of water consumption and withdrawal for utility scale generation of electricity is necessary before any improvements in the water efficiency of such systems in arid environments can be made. This study estimated and compared the water usage associated with thermoelectric generation (i.e., natural gas, coal), and solar energy, in the five driest Colorado River Basin states: Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and California. This study also examined and compared each state’s Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) and how this might impact water savings. Results showed that each state’s current RPS goals would reduce the water that is consumed by the generation of electricity. However, the amount of water savings will vary on a state by state basis. In order to reduce water consumption, replacing thermal electric generation with photovoltaic (PV) solar can be significant and should be encouraged. The amount of water saved will vary, however, depending on the state’s choice of coal or natural gas.
Improving the Distillate Prediction of a Membrane Distillation Unit in a Trigeneration Scheme by Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Acevedo Luis , Uche Javier , Del-Amo Alejandro
Published: March 2018

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been developed to predict the distillate produced in a permeate gap membrane distillation (PGMD) module with process operating conditions (temperatures at the condenser and evaporator inlets, and feed seawater flow). Real data obtained from experimental tests were used for the ANN training and further validation and testing. This PGMD module constitutes part of an isolated trigeneration pilot unit fully supplied by solar and wind energy, which also provides power and sanitary hot water (SHW) for a typical single family home. PGMD production was previously estimated with published data from the MD module manufacturer by means of a new type in the framework of Trnsys® simulation within the design of the complete trigeneration scheme. The performance of the ANN model was studied and improved through a parametric study varying the number of neurons in the hidden layer, the number of experimental datasets and by using different activation functions. The ANN obtained can be easily exported to be used in simulation, control or process analysis and optimization. Here, the ANN was finally used to implement a new type to estimate the PGMD production of the unit by using the inlet parameters obtained by the complete simulation model of the trigeneration unit based on Renewable Energy Sources (RES).
Experimental Assessment of a New Kinetic Turbine Performance for Artificial Channels
Authors: Münch-Alligné Cécile , Schmid Jérémy , Richard Sylvain , Gaspoz Anthony , Brunner Nino , Hasmatuchi Vlad
Published: March 2018

An experimental investigation to measure the performance of a first prototype of a kinetic turbine is presented. This turbine, developed using numerical simulation, recovers the kinetic energy of water in free surface canals. To assess the performance of the machine, a first prototype as well as an open-air platform were built, both installed in the tailrace canal of Lavey hydropower plant. This is the first time in Switzerland that on-site experiments have been carried out for kinetic turbines. An experimental procedure was set up using measurements in the laboratory and on site to assess the power coefficient of the turbine as a function of the tip speed ratio. The influence of the turbine depth and the tilt of the turbine axis were also explored. A maximal power coefficient of 0.93 was reached for the higher tilt and depth investigated.
Optimized Subsurface Irrigation System: The Future of Sugarcane Irrigation
Authors: Gunarathna M. , Sakai Kazuhito , Nakandakari Tamotsu , Momii Kazuro , Onodera Tsuneo , Kaneshiro Hiroyuki , Uehara Hiroshi , Wakasugi Kousuke
Published: March 2018

Climate change may harm the growth and yield of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) without the introduction of appropriate irrigation facilities. Therefore, new irrigation methods should be developed to maximize water use efficiency and reduce operational costs. OPSIS (optimized subsurface irrigation system) is a new solar-powered automatic subsurface irrigation system that creates a phreatic zone below crop roots and relies on capillarity to supply water to the root zone. It is designed for upland crops such as sugarcane. We investigated the performance of OPSIS for irrigating sugarcane and evaluated its performance against sprinkler irrigation under subtropical conditions. We conducted field experiments in Okinawa, Japan, over the period from 2013 to 2016 and took measurements during spring- and summer-planted main crops and two ratoon crops of the spring-planted crop. Compared with sprinkler irrigation, OPSIS produced a significantly higher fresh cane yield, consumed less irrigation water and provided a higher irrigation water use efficiency. We conclude that OPSIS could be adopted as a sustainable solution to sugarcane irrigation in Okinawa and similar environments.
Identification of Hydrological Drought in Eastern China Using a Time-Dependent Drought Index
Authors: Zou Lei , Xia Jun , Ning Like , She Dunxian , Zhan Chesheng
Published: March 2018

Long records (1960–2013) of monthly streamflow observations from 8 hydrological stations in the East Asian monsoon region are modeled using a nonstationarity framework by means of the Generalized Additive Models in Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS). Modeling analyses are used to characterize nonstationarity of monthly streamflow series in different geographic regions and to select optimal distribution among five two-parameter distributions (Gamma, Lognormal, Gumbel, Weibull and Logistic). Based on the optimal nonstationarity distribution, a time-dependent Standardized Streamflow Index (denoted SSIvar) that takes account of the possible nonstationarity in streamflow series is constructed and then employed to identify drought characteristics at different time scales (at a 3-month scale and a 12-month scale) in the eight selected catchments during 1960–2013 for comparison. Results of GAMLSS models indicate that they are able to represent the magnitude and spread in the monthly streamflow series with distribution parameters that are a linear function of time. For 8 hydrological stations in different geographic regions, a noticeable difference is observed between the historical drought assessment of Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) and SSIvar, indicating that the nonstationarity could not be ignored in the hydrological drought analyses, especially for stations with change point and significant change trends. The constructed SSIvar is, to some extent, found to be more reliable and suitable for regional drought monitoring than traditional SSI in a changing environment, thereby providing a feasible alternative for drought forecasting and water resource management at different time scales.
Hydrogeochemical Evolution and Heavy Metal Contamination in Groundwater of a Reclaimed Land on Zhoushan Island
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Hu Bill , Wang Peng , Chen Junbing , Yang Lei , Xiao Kai , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: March 2018

The need for valuable land has encouraged reclamation in coastal areas worldwide in the past decades. Land reclamation can alter the groundwater quality in coastal aquifers. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of land reclamation on groundwater chemistry, especially the major ions, and heavy metals on Zhoushan Island, China. The subsurface media on the island is composed of two layers, i.e., an upper infill layer and an underlain clay layer. The upper layer is previously ocean and filled with various materials. The clay layer is the original marine sediment. The dominated Na and Cl ions in groundwater illustrate high salinity sources of groundwater in the subsurface of the reclaimed land. A mixing trend between seawater and river water of the groundwater in infill layer is also detected based on the ratios of Cl and Br. Though the heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Zn and Hg) are high in marine sediments, no significant releasing trends in the groundwater are detected in a short-term after reclamation (based on standard GB18668). Meanwhile, Fe-III concentrations in the aquifer have a strong correlation with precipitation events. Column desorption experiments and simulations indicate the Cd and Cr release from the sediment would pose a health risk when the groundwater in the infill layer being gradually flushed by fresh water. These results provide a foundation for the prediction of groundwater quality and are helpful for the future water management in a newly reclaimed land.
Using the electronic health record to build a culture of practice safety: evaluating the implementation of trigger tools in one general practice
Authors: Margham Tom , Symes Natalie , Hull Sally A
Published: March 2018

Background

Identifying patients at risk of harm in general practice is challenging for busy clinicians. In UK primary care, trigger tools and case note reviews are mainly used to identify rates of harm in sample populations.

Aim

This study explores how adaptions to existing trigger tool methodology can identify patient safety events and engage clinicians in ongoing reflective work around safety.

Design and setting

Mixed-method quantitative and narrative evaluation using thematic analysis in a single East London training practice.

Method

The project team developed and tested five trigger searches, supported by Excel worksheets to guide the case review process. Project evaluation included summary statistics of completed worksheets and a qualitative review focused on ease of use, barriers to implementation, and perception of value to clinicians.

Results

Trigger searches identified 204 patients for GP review. Overall, 117 (57%) of cases were reviewed and 62 (53%) of these cases had patient safety events identified. These were usually incidents of omission, including failure to monitor or review. Key themes from interviews with practice members included the fact that GPs’ work is generally reactive and GPs welcomed an approach that identified patients who were ‘under the radar’ of safety. All GPs expressed concern that the tool might identify too many patients at risk of harm, placing further demands on their time.

Conclusion

Electronic trigger tools can identify patients for review in domains of clinical risk for primary care. The high yield of safety events engaged clinicians and provided validation of the need for routine safety checks.
Optical orientation of nematic liquid crystal droplets via photoisomerization of an azodendrimer dopant
Authors: Shvetsov Sergey A , Emelyanenko Alexander V , Boiko Natalia I , Zolot'ko Alexander S , Zhang Yan-Song , Liu Jui-Hsiang , Khokhlov Alexei R
Published: March 2018

Two sequential transformations of the orientational structure in nematic liquid crystal droplets containing a dendrimer additive (nanosized macromolecules with light-absorbing azobenzene terminal moieties) under light irradiation in the UV–blue spectral range were investigated. The origin of these transitions is in the change of the boundary conditions due to photoisomerization of the dendrimer adsorbed onto the liquid crystal–glycerol interface. It was shown that the photoisomerization processes of dendrimer molecules in a liquid crystal are accompanied by a spatial rearrangement of their azobenzene moieties, which is the key point in the explanation of the observed effects.
Protomedetera, a new genus from the Oriental and Australasian realms (Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Medeterinae)
Authors: Tang Chufei , Grootaert Patrick , Yang Ding
Published: March 2018

Protomedeteragen. n.(Diptera: Dolichopodidae), a new genus of the subfamily Medeterinae, is described from the Oriental and Australasian realms based on four new species.ProtomedeterasingaporensisGrootaert & Tang,sp. n.is designated as type of the new genus. The genus is peculiar because of the small body size, the small globular first flagellomere (postpedicel), the simple male genitalia with indistinct or small epandrial lobe and half-hidden cercus. The following four new species are described and illustrated:P.biconvexasp. n.,P.bisetasp. n.,P.glabrasp. n., andP.singaporensissp. n.A key to the species of the new genus is provided.
Secrets et psychologie de la secrétude
Authors: Shlien John M. , Ducroux-Biass Françoise
Published: March 2018

Après avoir examiné à l’aide d’exemples significatifs le secret et le mensonge, John Shlien arrive à la conclusion que mensonge et secret sont des entités différentes. Poursuivant ensuite, avec le style particulier qui est le sien, il aborde le thème de la secrétude, sujet qui suscite la réflexion de beaucoup de penseurs à laquelle il ajoute la sienne. Dès le début, il parle de secrets gardés comme des trésors, d’une atmosphère où tout est suspect qui enveloppe le lecteur au gré de la lecture. Shlien évoque ensuite les catégories de personnes appelées à recevoir des secrets parmi lesquelles les psychothérapeutes peuvent se reconnaître. La tâche de la psychologie de la secrétude, source de névrose, est de décrire ce phénomène jusqu’ici méconnu, ses motifs et ses buts. De l’analyse du processus émerge selon Shlien un nouvel aspect, à savoir qu’avec les secrets l’esclavage n’est pas mort. Ce qui rend le jeu des secrets très dangereux.
Pourquoi les attentes suscitées par la télésurveillance sont souvent déçues
Authors: van Hout Annemarie , Willems Dick , Hettinga Marike , Pols Jeannette , Carey-Libbrecht Liz , Gaglio Gérald , Mathieu-Fritz Alexandre
Published: March 2018

La télésurveillance est de plus en plus utilisée dans le suivi des patients, car on attend d’elle qu’elle apporte des améliorations substantielles concernant les relevés de mesures, la collecte de données, l’efficience thérapeutique et les options de communication dont disposent les patients. Cependant, les études en STS ( Science and Technology Studies ) ont montré que, fréquemment, les nouvelles technologies ne sont pas à la hauteur des attentes qu’elles suscitent et qu’elles peuvent mener à des résultats imprévus. Nous adoptons ici une démarche ethnographique pour étudier un cas dans lequel le personnel soignant a introduit un « journal de symptômes » dans le protocole de soins palliatifs. Nous avons observé que les attentes du personnel soignant ne correspondent pas à l’usage concret du dispositif par les patients. De plus, le personnel soignant s’est rendu compte que l’usage du journal contredisait les idéaux de qualité de soins qui sont au cœur de leur pratique. Enfin, le dispositif comprend une « extra-technologie », la webcam, qui a également apporté son lot de difficultés et de surprises. Si les attentes des soignants ont été déçues, ces derniers se sont adaptés aux pratiques réelles des patients et, consécutivement, ont ajusté leurs attentes. Cette étude contribue ainsi à la connaissance des écarts existant entre les attentes et la pratique, et à celle des modes de gestion de ces écarts par le personnel soignant et les patients.
Architecture militaire française au Caire, de 1798 à 1801
Authors: Pradines Stéphane
Published: March 2018

De très nombreux articles et ouvrages ont été publiés sur l’Expédition d’Égypte, l’armée d’Orient ou l’occupation française du Caire. Pourtant, l’architecture napoléonienne en Égypte est un sujet qui a été complètement négligé par les spécialistes. Cet article a pour but de présenter un aspect méconnu de l’Égypte moderne, l’architecture militaire à la fin du xviiie siècle. Pour les Français, Le Caire est aussi un grand laboratoire pour les cartographes de son armée et pour les ingénieurs en charge des fortifications. De nouveaux modèles de forts vont émerger de cette expédition comme les tours-modèles. Les hommes du génie, décomplexés et libres sur cette terre d’Orient, vont essayer de nouvelles formes architecturales, et le temps d’un empire, vont s’affranchir des plans imposés par Vauban et leurs prédécesseurs. L’Expédition d’Égypte est une période charnière et les fortifications du Caire sont bien à l’origine de l’architecture militaire dite « napoléonienne ».
La barā’a : réflexions sur la fonction et l’évolution de la structure de la quittance
Authors: Daaïf Lahcen
Published: March 2018

Quels étaient la fonction et l’usage pratique de la barā’a, ce document à la fois juridique (attesté par des témoins), délivré par un tiers à titre de quittance, et officiel (non attesté) délivré par l’administration fiscale à ce même titre ? Parmi les raisons d’ordre pratique, structurel, diplomatique ou administratif, susceptibles de nous éclairer sur le sort juridique et administratif de la barā’a au cours des cinq premiers siècles de l’islam, lesquelles ont été déterminantes et pourquoi ? Dans quelle mesure ont-elles contribué à précipiter la disparition de la barā’a, supplantée définitivement par l’acte de reconnaissance (iqrār) dès le ve/xie siècle, puis ultérieurement, par d’autres types de documents similaires ? Revisitant l’évolution de la quittance à travers plusieurs études récentes de papyrologie arabe, cet article s’interroge en outre sur la corrélation entre les diverses formes textuelles et structurelles de la barā’a, et sur les aires géographique et culturelle qui les ont vu naître.
The South Necropolis of the Fatimid Cemetery of Aswan
Authors: Björnesjö Sophia , Speiser Philipp
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this article is to summarize the investigations of the South Necropolis of the Fatimid Cemetery in Aswan, carried out since 2006 by a team from the German Archaeological Institute (Cairo). The aims of the project are a thorough documentation and analysis of the site and its mausoleums and for the first time a large number of ordinary tombs. The investigation was extended to include some aspects of the history of Aswan and the preservation of the site and its monuments.
Les micropolluants d’origine domestique dans l’eau : enquête sur la représentation d’une nouvelle menace
Authors: Heitz Carine , Pierrette Marjorie , Barbier Rémi
Published: March 2018

La présence de micropolluants dus au déversement de certains produits dans les réseaux d’assainissement est une préoccupation croissante pour les pouvoirs publics. Les stations de traitement des eaux usées (STEU) ont de plus en plus de difficultés à les traiter ce qui peut entraîner des dommages sur les écosystèmes et la santé humaine. Il semblerait qu’une partie non négligeable de ces rejets problématiques proviennent directement des pratiques domestiques. Dans ce contexte, il apparaît nécessaire de réduire et/ou d’améliorer l’ensemble des rejets issus des habitations. Cependant, avant de soumettre des actions auprès des individus dans l’optique de faire changer leurs habitudes, il est impératif de connaître la façon dont ils se représentent la menace environnementale qu’est la présence de micropolluants dans les eaux. Pour cela 605 habitants de Strasbourg (Est de la France) ont été enquêtés. Les résultats de cette étude soulignent l’importance de la prise de conscience du rôle des activités domestiques dans la présence de micropolluants dans l’eau. Néanmoins, la population interrogée reste majoritairement persuadée que l’industrie est le principal responsable et il semble difficile de s’imaginer que des produits d’utilisation courante, notamment ceux liés à l’hygiène corporelle, puissent avoir une quelconque incidence sur la qualité des cours d’eau.
Pistes méthodologiques pour prendre en compte la pollution lumineuse dans les réseaux écologiques
Authors: Sordello Romain
Published: March 2018

Face aux phénomènes de disparition et de fragmentation des habitats, le développement de réseaux écologiques, c’est-à-dire de milieux naturels interconnectés, est une solution largement préconisée par la littérature. Or depuis peu, la lumière artificielle nocturne est reconnue comme une source nouvelle de fragmentation. Effectivement, l’éclairage nocturne altère les déplacements de la faune et dégrade la qualité des habitats utilisés par la biodiversité nocturne. Un effet barrière net est aussi mis en évidence pour certains animaux incapables de franchir les ruptures du noir engendrées par la lumière. L’intégration de cette problématique dans les réseaux écologiques est donc nécessaire, mais celle-ci pose des questions nouvelles pour les acteurs opérationnels. Cet article propose ainsi des pistes méthodologiques pour prendre en compte la pollution lumineuse dans les réseaux écologiques. Selon les étapes du processus, la pollution lumineuse peut être traitée lors de l’identification même des éléments du réseau (nœuds, liens), lors de la localisation de zones de conflits provoquées par la lumière artificielle sur le réseau ou encore par l’intermédiaire d’actions de gestion de l’éclairage. En outre, cet article propose une première réflexion sur les paramètres d’éclairage à considérer. La pollution lumineuse se traduit en effet par différents phénomènes qu’il est nécessaire de traduire en métriques, à la fois quantitatives (ex. : niveaux d’éclairement) et qualitatives (ex. : spectres), cartographiables pour les réseaux écologiques. Un travail doit aussi être mené pour dresser une liste d’espèces cibles particulièrement sensibles à la lumière nocturne, permettant de définir des seuils de bascules à considérer pour les réseaux écologiques.
Quand les représentations s’invitent dans la conservation de la biodiversité, la réserve naturelle marine de La Réunion face à la crise Requin
Authors: Cillaurren E. , David G.
Published: March 2018

La crise Requin à la Réunion a généré dans les médias et sur internet des représentations pour lesquelles la réserve marine constitue le foyer principal de la crise. Des entretiens auprès de 29 usagers économiques, culturels ou traditionnels du milieu récifal, complétés par des enquêtes par questionnaire auprès de 495 personnes assimilées au grand public et à l’opinion publique montrent que les représentations de la crise Requin et de la réserve naturelle marine de La Réunion sont modulées par la nature et l’intensité des relations d’usage avec le milieu récifal. Dans ce contexte, aucune de ces deux populations n’adhère à l’hypothèse d’une responsabilité de la réserve marine dans la recrudescence des attaques de requins.

The shark crisis in Reunion has generated representations in the media and internet where the marine reserve is guilty to be the main cause of the shark crisis. Interviews with 29 people, most of whom were highly dependent on the reef environment, and questionnaire surveys of 495 people show that public opinion in Réunion and economic users of the reef environment do not agree whith this point of view. These two populations have their own representations of the shark crisis and the responsibilities of the marine reserve. These representations are driven by the nature and intensity of their use relations with the reef environment. Both populations think that the marine reserve has low responsability in the increase of shark attacks.
Concilier développement agricole et la préservation des biodiversités
Authors: Sophie Stéphane
Published: March 2018

Face à la nécessité d’augmenter la production alimentaire mondiale pour affronter les défis démographiques à l’horizon 2050, les recherches de fonciers agricoles ou de son intensification sont primordiales. Cependant cette progression ne doit pas se faire aux détriments des aires naturelles.Les interactions entre les dynamiques forestières et l’évolution des agrosystèmes dans le bassin caraïbéen sont originales. La Martinique, île des Petites Antilles présente une situation controversée puisque tant les superficies des milieux naturels que les agrosystèmes semblent régresser. Les effets de la pression foncière sur les agrosystèmes entrainent un effet domino. Les agriculteurs convoitent aujourd’hui les espaces naturels boisés y compris ceux pourvus de protections réglementaires.Pour dépasser les utilisations des terres potentiellement concurrentes, l’objectif de cet article est de chercher les pistes permettant de rendre compatible les aires protégées et les agrosystèmes. Les éléments de cadrage des facteurs concourant à concilier les 2 ensembles ont été conceptualisés à partir d’une analyse SWOT (acronyme pour Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats).En utilisant l’outil de traitement du Système d’Informations Géographiques, 142 exploitations seraient concernées sur 1909 exploitations ayant faits une déclaration au Registre Parcellaire Graphique.La compatibilité des exploitations agricoles inclues ou en bordure des aires protégées est fonction de la fermeté de la réglementation.Une approche inductive est d’envisager le share landing ou le partage des terres et les éléments interfaciaux (friches, haies, systèmes agroforestiers…) comme des vecteurs de conciliation entre les deux composantes. Les retombées attendues sont au cœur des enjeux du développement durable en matière de génie écologique, d’outils d’aides à la décision pour l’aménagement du territoire et de valorisation de la biodiversité au sein des agroécosystèmes.