bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of methanolic leaf extract of Kigelia africana on hemodynamic parameters and redox status of normotensive wistar rats
Authors: Oyelade Waheed Abimbola  , Olaleye MT  , Oyebode  , Joseph Ademola  , Fajilade Temilade Olawande
Published: August 2021

Kigelia Africana has a rich history of ethnobotanical usage in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses andcomplications like hypertension, cancer and microbial infections in south western Nigeria. The present work sought to investigate the effects of methanolic leaf extract of Kigelia Africana on the blood pressure and biochemical indices of normotensive albino rats. Twenty five male albino Wistar rats, weighing between 180-200g, and divided into five groups (I-V) of five animals each were used for the experiment. GroupsII – V were administered 1mg/kg b.w ramipril, 25-, 50- and 100mg/kg b.wKigelia Africana respectively by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days. Group I received vehicle (1 mg/kg distilled water) only throughout the duration of the experiment and served as control. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the blood pressure was determined before sacrificing the animals following anesthesia. The activities of serum biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase AST, total protein TP, alanine aminotransferase ALT, alkaline phosphatase ALP), serum lipid profile; (cholesterol TC, low/very low density lipoprotein LDL-c/VLDL-c, high density lipoprotein HDL and triglyceride TG) and cardiac antioxidant indices (catalase CAT, superoxide dismutase SOD and glutathione GSH) were determined. Administration of ramipril (1mg/kg b.w) and all dosages of Kigelia africana (25, 50 and 100mg/kg b.w) caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in the blood pressure of the animals when compared to the control. The values obtained further showed that ramipril and the extract (at all dosages) caused significant reduction in TC, TG, LDL-c and VLDL-c and coronary risk index, CRI while there was significant increase in the level of HDL when compared to the control. All dosages of Kigelia africana extract resulted in significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum activities of AST, ALT and ALP when compared with the control. The significant (P<0.05) increases in cardiac catalase activity and GSH concentration recorded in rats treated with Kigelia africana (25, 50 and 100mg/kg b.w.) were comparable with those administered the reference drug, ramipril (1 mg/kg). Cardiac SOD activity was however decreased in rats administered extract (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg b.wt) and ramipril (1mg/kg bw). The results suggest the hypolipidemic, hypotensive and antioxidant properties and of methanolic extract of Kigelia africana leaf and lend support to the ethnobotanical usage of the leaf in the treatment of hypertension.
Tax Facilities through Omnibus Law Taxation: A Canon Taxation Review
Authors: Fidiana Fidiana
Published: August 2021

This research is a conceptual study to examine tax policy in the pandemic situation with a canon taxation perspective, namely equity, certainty, convenience, and efficiency. The study conducted by using a literature review concerning the role of Omnibus Law includes tax facilities to attract foreign investment underlining strengths and weaknesses. Data is obtained through secondary sources in the form of archival reports and previous research relevant to the research. Based on the analysis of literature studies, this research produces several things. First, the principle of equity is found in adjusting corporate tax rates. Associated with the aim of attracting foreign investment, the tariff adjustment policy naturally will not be realized in 2020, where traffic between countries is restricted to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Second, in the tax policy scheme of domestic tax subject reclassification, which includes more than 183 foreigners working in Indonesia, and Indonesian citizens living abroad over 183 days are classified as subject to foreign tax. Tax is imposed on foreigners only on income earned in Indonesia. This pattern fulfills certainty principles. Third, the regional tax incentive scheme is an instrument that ensures the certainty of regional investment in line with the principles of equity and convenience. Furthermore, local tax exemptions can lower the price of consumer goods in the regions, thereby increasing the purchasing power of the wider community, which was hampered by the pandemic. In this way, local taxes play a role in increasing regional competitiveness through public policies (tax incentives), to improve the welfare of people, especially those affected by the epidemic. Fourth, the tax holiday scheme encourages industrial growth in accordance with the principle of efficiency.
Schwarzer Ödipus
Authors: Hildebrandt Daniel
Published: August 2021

Mit seinem Erstlingswerk Schwarze Haut, weiße Masken legt Frantz Fanon 1952 eine Anerkennungstheorie vor, die eine existenzialistische Gesellschaftsund psychoanalytische Subjekttheorie mit der Absicht vermittelt, der kolonialen Neurosenbildung entgegenzuwirken und einen neuen Humanismus zu realisieren. Fanons Ziel ist es, die rassischen Entfremdungstendenzen der kolonialen Epoche aufzuheben. In Auseinandersetzung mit Sartre betont er die Eigenverantwortung der Kolonisierten, ihr Schicksal selbst in die Hand nehmen zu müssen. Das formale Ende der Kolonialzeit vor Augen, sucht Fanon mit Bezug auf Hegel und Marx nach Möglichkeiten einer historischen Befreiung. Gleichzeitig blickt er auf die psychische Entfremdung des schwarzen Subjekts. Um den Minderwertigkeitskomplex zu heilen, bezieht sich Fanon unter anderem auf die Theorien von A. Freud, Lacan und Adler und skizziert therapeutische Ansätze, die darauf zielen, das koloniale Dilemma aufarbeiten und verarbeiten zu können. Im vorliegenden Essay werden diese Zugänge im Kontext von Epoche und Biografie untersucht und ideengeschichtliche Zusammenhänge zur Entstehung des Werks hergestellt. Abschließend wird gefragt, inwiefern der französische Existenzialismus als antikoloniale Gesellschaftstheorie dienen kann und ob eine Versöhnung von Individuum und (Kolonial‑)Gesellschaft im Geiste Fanons möglich ist.
Das anthropophagische Manifest für eine wahrhaft globale Psychologie
Authors: Tateo Luca , Marsico Giuseppina
Published: August 2021

Der Dichter Oswald de Andrade (1890–1954) behauptete in seinem ikonischen Manifesto antropófago (1928) die originäre und kreative Fähigkeit der brasilianischen modernistischen Kultur, ihr europäisches, indianisches und afrikanisches Erbe auf außergewöhnliche Weise zu verarbeiten. Gestützt auf die Metapher der Anthrophagie werden wir ein Projekt der Psychologie diskutieren, das, im Gegensatz zu einem hyper-fragmentierten technischen Wissen, für Vielfalt und Transdisziplinarität offen ist. Wir möchten dadurch einen Ausweg aus der Sackgasse des hegemonialen, kolonisierenden »Mainstreams« zeigen, der einer sich aktuell oftmals selbst marginalisierenden »Gegenkultur« gegenübersteht. Zu diesem Zweck konzipieren wir anthropophagische Psychologie als eine polyphone Psychologie und schlagen vor, Arenen menschlichen Lebens und Handelns als lokale Ökosysteme zu begreifen, mit ihren jeweils spezifischen Konfigurationen, die zwar einzigartig sind, aber durch die Identifikation und Analyse verallgemeinerbarer Prozesse verstanden werden können.
Die Psychologie der Jetzt-Zeit
Authors: Hutmacher Fabian , Mayrhofer Roland
Published: August 2021

Die gegenwärtige akademische Psychologie ist eine quantitativ-empirische Psychologie der Jetzt-Zeit. Das heißt, sie untersucht mit quantitativ-empirischen Methoden das Erleben und Verhalten von Menschen, die aktuell auf der Erde leben, und zwar in der Hoffnung, so etwas über die Funktionsweise des Menschen zu lernen. Wir zeigen erstens, weshalb sich die Psychologie entgegen diesem Selbstverständnis mehr mit der Geschichte des Psychischen auseinandersetzen sollte. Und wir arbeiten zweitens heraus, weshalb sich die Psychologie – gerade angesichts der Replikationskrise – hin zu mehr gelebtem Methodenpluralismus entwickeln sollte. Eine solcherart historisch sensibilisierte und methodisch diversifizierte Psychologie wäre – so unsere Hoffnung – besser in der Lage, der Komplexität menschlichen Erlebens und Verhaltens gerecht zu werden.
In der Verantwortungsgemeinschaft
Authors: Thießen Malte
Published: August 2021

Angela Merkels Corona-Rede vom 18. März 2020 ist eine Zäsur. Zum ersten Mal setzte sich ein deutsches Regierungsoberhaupt in einer Ansprache mit einer Pandemie auseinander. Der Beitrag ordnet Merkels Deutungen der Corona-Pandemie in die Seuchengeschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts ein, um nach Traditionen und Besonderheiten zu fragen: Ist Corona eine Zäsur, vielleicht sogar eine Zeitenwende? Und was sagt die Rede der Bundeskanzlerin aus über deutsche Risikowahrnehmungen und Sicherheitsvorstellungen?
Sự dữ dội của chủ nghĩa an toàn và hệ lụy
Authors: Ho Tung Manh , Long Tran Duc Hung
Published: August 2021

This paper illustrates our view about the book “The coddling of the American mind” by Jonathan Haidt and Greg Lukianoff.
Peningkatan Sumber Pendapatan dan Penghasilan Desa Melalui Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMdes)
Authors: Rakia A. Sakti R.S
Published: August 2021

Dalam Nawakerja Prioritas Kabinet Kerja Pemerintah, terdapat 9 (Sembilan) program yang hendak dicapai oleh Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi, yang diantaranya menyangkut program pembentukan dan pengembangan 5.000 Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUM Desa/BUMDes). Hal ini merupakan kepedulian pemerintah terhadap pembangunan desa dengan memberi “lokomotif baru” yang dapat menggerakan perekonomian desa, manakala peran swasta dan koperasi tidak terlalu dominan. Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) yang sedang berkembang dan merupakan terobosan baru yang patut diapresiasi dalam rangka pemberdayaan dan penguatan desa. Peran penting BUMDes bukan hanya diharapkan sebagai pengemban kepentingan dan pelayanan serta pemenuhan kebutuhan rakyat banyak, akan tetapi juga sebagai penyumbang besar dalam perekonomian desa.
beamshapes : a Python package to generate directivity patterns for various sound sources
Authors: Beleyur Thejasvi
Published: August 2021

beamshapes is an open-source Python package that implements various directivity patternsfor sound sources. While there is an abundance of published directivity patterns in the literature- their computational implementations often remain as in-house scripts in proprietarylanguages. beamshapes overcomes this gap, and provides acousticians and bioacousticianseasily accessible implementations of sound source directivities.
Matrix-Based RSA Encryption of Streaming Data
Authors: Prendergast Michael
Published: August 2021

This paper describes a new method for performing secure encryption of blocks of streaming data. This algorithm is an extension of the RSA encryption algorithm. Instead of using a public key (e,n) where n is the product of two large primes and e is relatively prime to the Euler Totient function, φ(n), one uses a public key (n,m,E), where m is the rank of the matrix E and E is an invertible matrix in GL(m,φ(n)). When m is 1, this last condition is equivalent to saying that E is relatively prime to φ(n), which is a requirement for standard RSA encryption. Rather than a secret private key (d,φ(n)) where d is the inverse of e (mod φ(n)), the private key is (D,φ(n)), where D is the inverse of E (mod (φ(n)). The key to making this generalization work is a matrix generalization of the scalar exponentiation operator that maps the set of m-dimensional vectors with integer coefficients modulo n, onto itself.
A new epistemology for mental disorders
Authors: Maximino Caio
Published: August 2021

Psychopathology has been criticized for decades for its reliance on a over-reductionist approach which views mental disorders as disease-like natural kinds that result from pathological changes in brain structure and function. The lack of progress in developing better treatments for mental disorders happened in spite of a great deal of research trying to uncover its neural bases. A new ontoepistemology for mental disorders is proposed, focusing on a biocultural model, in which brains are understood as embodied and embedded in ecosocial niches - zones of living within a milieu that can be occupied by a particular individual with its form of life, and with which brains enact particular transactions characterized by circular causality. In this approach, neurobiological bases are always-already associated with interpersonal, social, and cultural factors, and therefore are inseparable from these factors. As an ontoepistemology, this approach leads to methodological changes in how mental disorders are studied, as well as to consequences to interventions.
Osteoporosis, need for paradigm sit in Nepal health policy
Authors: Kattel V. , Regmi N. , Limbu A. , Pradhan B. , Maskey R.
Published: August 2021

No abstract available.
The social-demographic characteristics and pandemic COVID-19 individual experience and their impact on vaccination attitude study aimed to determine the psychosocial interventions targets
Authors: Vasileva A. V. , Karavaeva T. A. , Radionov D. S. , Yakovlev A. V.
Published: August 2021

A cohort cross-sectional study of the attitude of the population to vaccination against coronavirus infection COVID-19 was carried out using a specially designed questionnaire for mass filling, located on Internet resources 2 months after the start of mass vaccination in Russia. A total of 4172 people were examined at the age from 18 to 81 years. Among the respondents, there were different tendencies in relation to vaccination. Of the total sample, 35.7% of respondents consider vaccination useful, 32.2%—doubt its effectiveness, 8.7%—consider vaccination unnecessary, 12.2%—dangerous, indifference to vaccination was formed in 5.9% of respondents. They indicated that they do not plan to be vaccinated, 30.8%, postpones their decision until more remote data on the results and effectiveness of vaccination are obtained—34.7%, were vaccinated at the time of the study—12.2%. Young people are less focused on vaccination than middle-aged and older people. Among the factors that are associated with the attitude towards vaccination are age, gender, education, fear of possible complications, fear of contracting a coronavirus infection, concern for the health of their loved ones, anxiety about the current situation with coronavirus in general. The reports of scientists, doctors and experts in this field are essential for shaping attitudes towards vaccination. The study results should be considered as the targets for vaccination behavior improvement psychosocial interventions for different social and age population groups
Clinical validation of the scales of depression, neuroticism, somatization, personal anxiety and validity of the modified questionnaire for neurotic disorders
Authors: Tsydzik L. I.
Published: August 2021

The classical theory of tests, in the framework of which a questionnaire for neurotic disorders was created, does not meet the requirements of modern psychometrics. In this regard, it became necessary to use new technologies for its modification and effective use in the clinic. The Rush metric system, a variation of modern test theory, is the only measurement model that meets the criteria for a joint additive measurement. On the basis of the claims of the questionnaire for neurotic disorders, 13 scales with proven psychometric characteristics were formed in the framework of the Rush model. This article evaluated the clinical efficacy of five of them.The purpose of the study: to conduct clinical validation of the scales of depression, neuroticism, somatization, personal anxiety and validity of the modified version of the questionnaire for neurotic disorders.Materials and Methods: the sample consisted of research data from a group of subjects in the amount of 296 people. Among them, 167 women and 129 men. Statistical methods of work—factor analysis of standardized residuals, ROC analysis, correlation analysis of the total indicator.Results: 1. the points of each investigated scale characterize various aspects of one construct, that is, the scales are homogeneous; 2. through ROC analysis, high diagnostic properties of the scales were identified and cut-off values for each scale were calculated, which were the criteria for interpretation; 3. the criterion validity of the studied scales is statistically significantly higher or not different from the validity of the well-known questionnaires, which are the «gold standard» of measurement, which demonstrated a statistical comparison of their ROC curves; 4. the correlation analysis of the total indicator revealed statistically significant (p <0.05) correlation coefficients of the scales of the modified questionnaire among themselves, as well as with the assessments according to the MMPI scales, QIDS-SR16 questionnaire and the Hamilton anxiety score scale (HADS).Conclusion: the scales of depression, neuroticism, somatization, personal anxiety and validity of the modified version of the neurotic disorders questionnaire are clinically valid, and therefore, can be used to solve various practical problems in psychodiagnostics.
Contribution of mutual perceived support to the marital satisfaction of combat commander couples
Authors: Zitronblat Limor Zaks , Dekel Rachel
Published: August 2021

LAY SUMMARY

Military combat commander couples face many difficulties, and support, especially perceived support, can be an important source for coping with them. This study examined how perceived support contributes to marital satisfaction among 248 male combat commanders in the Israel Defense Forces and their female spouses. The study found that the level of perceived support among combat commanders was significantly higher than that among their spouses, whereas there was no significant difference in their marital satisfaction.
MUHASEBE MANİPÜLASYONU: BİST’TE YER ALAN TOPTAN VE PERAKENDE TİCARET, LOKANTALAR VE OTELLER SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: GÖKTÜRK İbrahim Emre , YALÇINKAYA Hüseyin Serdar
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada 2017-2019 yılları arasında SPK bültenlerinde, BİST toptan ve parekende ticaret, lokantalar ve oteller sektöründe yer alan şirketler içerisinde muhasebe bilgi manipülasyonu gerçekleştirdiği tespit edilen 10 şirket ile manipülasyon bilgisi bulunmayan 21 kontrol şirketin verileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada Beneish Modeli’ nden faydalanılarak şirketlerin muhasebe bilgi manipülasyonu yapma eğilimlerinin tespitine yönelik olarak bir model hazırlanmış ve sonuçta elde edilen modelin kontrol grubunda %71,2 oranında başarılı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
MUHASEBEDE RASYONELLİK, KÜLTÜR İLİŞKİSİ VE KÜLTÜR BOYUTLARI AÇISINDAN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: KARABINAR Selahattin , ERTURAN İlkay Ejder
Published: August 2021

Muhasebenin bir bilim olarak rasyonelliği tartışılamazken muhasebecinin bir insan olduğunu ve insanın rasyonel davranmasının mümkün olmadığını da unutmamak gerekir. Bu çalışmada muhasebede rasyonellik ve kültür ilişkisi tartışılmıştır. “Rasyonellik nedir?”, “insan rasyonel bir varlık mıdır?” ve “kültür rasyonel kararlar almayı etkiler mi?” sorularına yanıt aramıştır. Kültür; Hofstede’nin kültür boyutlarının rasyonellik ve duyusal açıdan sınıflandırılması ile tanımlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda; kültürel etkilerden soyutlanması mümkün olmayan insanın rasyonel olmasını beklemenin mümkün olmadığı görülmektedir. Bugün hayatımızda yer edinen robotları, nesnelerin internetini kısaca teknolojiyle bütünleşik bir sistem içinde insan hatalarının, hilelerinin ve kültürel etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi sonucu rasyonelliğe ulaşmak daha kolay olacaktır.
SİBER GÜVENLİĞİN ETKİNLEŞTİRİLMESİNDE SÜREKLİ SÜREÇ DENETİMİ MODELİ
Authors: KESTANE Ali
Published: August 2021

Modern çağın getirdiği teknolojik girişim işletmelerin faaliyetlerinin şeklini ve yönünü değiştirmiş ve dijital ekonomi ortaya çıkmıştır. E-ticaretin yoğun bir şekilde dünyanın geneline yayılması ile işletmelerin faaliyetlerini etkin ve verimli bir biçimde yerine getirerek varlıklarını koruma altına almaları noktasında Siber Güvelik kavramı ortaya çıkmış ve bu durumdan denetim faaliyetleri de kendisine düşen payı almıştır. Sermayenin uluslararası alanda hareket etmesi sonucunda işletme faaliyetlerinin farklı coğrafyalara taşınması, büyük veri yığınlarının oluşmasına yol açmış ve iç denetim faaliyetlerini güç hale getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda işletmelerin gerçekleştirmiş oldukları faaliyetlerine ilişkin alt işlem süreçlerinin sürekli olarak kontrol altına alınması ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmış ve Sürekli Süreç Denetimi kavramının doğmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Değişen ve gelişen teknoloji ve yenilikler karşısında işletmelerin sürdürülebilirliklerini sağlamaları açısından; faaliyetlerine ilişkin en alt işlem süreçlerinden yola çıkılarak üretmiş oldukları veri ve bilgilerin korunması konusu siber güvenlik ve sürekli süreç denetimi konusunun kesişmesine neden olmuş ve söz konusu her iki uygulamanın yarattığı katma değer merak konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada siber güvenlik uygulamalarının etkinleştirilmesi üzerinde sürekli süreç denetiminin etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Uygulamada konunun yeni olmasından dolayı çalışma teorik bir perspektiften ele alınmış ve gelecekte yapılması gerekli görülen uygulamalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Scale insects of the Volga Area (Homoptera: Coccinea). II. Scale insects from Nizhniy Novgorod Province, Chuvashia and Mari-El
Authors: Gavrilov I.A. , Smirnova N.V.
Published: August 2021

Eight species collected in the upper Volga Area are listed. Six species, Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus), Trionymus perrisii (Signoret), Acanthococcus baldonensis Rasina, Greenisca brachypodii Borchsenius & Danzig, Eriopeltis lichtensteini Signoret, and Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus) are recorded from the Volga Area for the first time. Variability of Trionymus perrisii (Signoret) is discussed and illustrated.
Use of Contraceptive among Postpartum Women of a Municipality: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Bhandari Mukta , Kayastha Suresh
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Contraception plays a key role in preventing unwanted births. It also decreases pregnancy and childbirth-related morbidities and mortalities, but many women don't use contraception particularly in the postpartum period. The main objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of contraception use among postpartum women in a municipality.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among married women of reproductive age in Dhulikhel municipality of Kavrepalanchok from January to September 2019. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Committee and permission was taken from Dhulikhel Municipality before the study. The sample size was 332. A convenience sampling method was used. A semi-structured questionnaire pre-tested in Panauti municipality was used. Data entry and analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated for descriptive analysis.
Results: Out of total 332 women, 146 (40%) (34.73-45.26 at 95% Confidence Interval) used postpartum contraception. Injectable/Depot was used by 61 (42%) women. Total 97 (52%) of the non-users intended to use contraception in the future. The most common reason for contraception use was women not wanting the next child soon 91 (62%) and reason for non-use was feeling contraception as unnecessary 73 (39%).
Conclusions: The use of postpartum contraception was poor, and only half of the non-users intended to use contraception in the future. Thus, contraception use should be encouraged during all possible contact times, and counselling should be made universal to improve postpartum contraception services' uptake.
Anxiety among Patients Visiting for Periodontal Therapy in a Tertiary Care Dental Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhattarai Bhagabat , Gupta Sujaya , Dahal Sirjana , Roy Deepak Kumar , Pant Saroj , Karki Rachana , Thakuri Tanu
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The aetiological factors of dental fear include negative information, witnessing or having a bad experience, and negative conditions related to periodontal treatment. Modified Dental Anxiety Scale Nepali version, is one of the tools used in epidemiological studies to measure dental anxiety in adults. The objective was to find out the prevalence of anxiety among dental patients visiting for periodontal therapy in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting for periodontal therapy from November 2020 to January 2021 at a tertiary care dental hospital. Ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee (Reference no. 0311202001) was taken before the study. Convenient sampling was done. A standard questionnaire for dental anxiety was used for data collection after receiving informed consent from the participants. Data were entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel Sheet. Descriptive data are presented as means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages.
Results: Among a total of 311 participants visiting for periodontal therapy, 297 (95.49%) (92.57-97.42 at 95% Confidence Interval) were having anxiety. Among total patients, 113 (36.33%) were fairly anxious, 111 (35.69%) were slightly anxious, 62 (19.94%) very anxious and 11 (3.54%) were extremely anxious. Majority of males 54 (17.36%) were slightly anxious while most females 67 (21.54%) were fairly anxious. Mean Modified Dental Anxiety Scale-Nepali score of all the participants was 11.59±3.808. Extreme dental anxiety was observed in 11 (3.54%) participants 7 (2.25%) females; 4 (1.29%) males.
Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety among patients visiting for periodontal therapy in this study was found to be higher compared to other studies done in similar settings.
An innovative method for accelerating vaccine formulation development and manufacturing process: Using prefabricated vaccine base (standardized mixtures of vaccine excipients)
Authors: Berhanu Mulugeta
Published: August 2021

Vaccine base can be defined as a standardized mixtures of vaccine excipients such as adjuvants emulsifier, preservatives, stabilizer, surfactant, buffers and etc. Vaccine bases are substances to which antigen (s) is/are added to form the final product (vaccine) which can provide protection against infectious disease. Prefabricated vaccine base can be used to develop vaccines in an easy and fast way. With vaccine base we do not need to formulate vaccines from scratch. Just we incorporate antigen of interest in vaccine base and vaccine is completed. Thus, premade vaccine base can be used to accelerate vaccine formulation development during global pandemics and epidemics. Using prefabricated vaccine base for vaccine development against various infectious diseases is an innovative method for accelerating deployment of existing and novel vaccines. Prefabrication of vaccine base is a new preparedness strategy for the future pandemics.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults: A Guide for Trainers
Authors:   Horizons Program,   International Centre for Reproductive Health,   Mombasa Coast Province General Hospital
Published: August 2021

Over the last five years, there has been a rapid change in treatment strategies for HIV infection. With the advent of newer antiretrovirals, treatment has moved from mono-therapy and bi-therapy to triple drug therapy or Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. One of the foremost concerns of ARV programs is the ability of people living with HIV/AIDS to maintain near perfect adherence over the long term. To achieve the goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART), undetectable levels of the virus in the blood, patients are required to maintain more than 90–95% adherence. Adherence is defined as a patient’s ability to follow a treatment plan, take medications at prescribed times and frequencies, and follow restrictions regarding food and other medications. This Adherence Training Manual was developed by the Horizons Program of the Population Council for the Antiretroviral Therapy Program in Mombasa, Kenya. It was designed for health workers including physicians, clinical officers, and adherence nurse counselors in ARV programs. It consists of four modules to be conducted over four sessions, which can be conducted as part of a comprehensive ART training program.
Selected DHS data on 10–14-year-olds: Peru
Authors:   Population Council
Published: August 2021

Annex to "Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning"
Selected DHS data on 10–14-year-olds: Rwanda
Authors:   Population Council
Published: August 2021

Annex to "Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning"
The roles, responsibilities, and realities of married adolescent males and adolescent fathers: A brief literature review
Authors: Barker Gary , Lyra Jorge , Medrado Benedito
Published: August 2021

From the perspective of developing countries, we know relatively little about married adolescent males and adolescent fathers, and much of what we know is inferred from research with young women or comes from a few specific regions in the world. However, there has been a growing interest in the issue on the part of researchers, policy-makers, and program staff. This interest has coincided with increasing attention in general to men, with gender studies, and with sexual and reproductive health initiatives. Early marriage and early childbearing are much more prevalent among young women than young men, and the negative consequences are more significant among young women. Nonetheless, it is the behavior and attitudes of men, within social contexts where gender hierarchies favor men over women, that often create young women’s vulnerability. Much of the research and literature on adolescent fathers comes from Latin America, the Caribbean, North America, and Europe. This paper reviews some of the literature on young married men and young fathers, concluding with suggestions for engaging young men to promote better reproductive and sexual health and more favorable life outcomes for married adolescent women and young men.
More Than Brides Alliance—Marriage: No child’s play, Endline evaluation brief
Authors:   Population Council
Published: August 2021

This brief summarizes key results from the endline evaluation of the More than Brides Alliance (MTBA) project “Marriage: No Child’s Play” (MNCP) in India, Malawi, Mali, and Niger. The MTBA consists of partners Save the Children Netherlands, Simavi, Oxfam Novib, and the Population Council, along with 25 local implementing partners. The MNCP project—which took place from 2016 to 2020—aimed at being holistic and targeting pathways to child marriage on multiple levels simultaneously, treating communities as either having the full MNCP package or no intervention. The Population Council’s MNCP evaluation was designed to estimate program impact and trends among girls at the community level, across settings that differ with respect to child marriage prevalence and drivers. The evaluation explored behavioral outcomes related to child marriage, schooling, work, and pregnancy, as well as indicators measuring relevant knowledge and attitudes.
Crezcamos felices: Manual sobre prevención de la violencia para mentoras del programa Abriendo Oportunidades
Authors:   Population Council
Published: August 2021

This is one of many guides produced under the Abriendo Oportunidades program. You may find others by entering the search terms “Abriendo Oportunidades” and “Guide/Toolkit” in Advanced Search.
Vamos a replicar la vida: Manual de huertos familiares para mentoras del programa Abriendo Oportunidades
Authors:   Population Council
Published: August 2021

This is one of many guides produced under the Abriendo Oportunidades program. You may find others by entering the search terms “Abriendo Oportunidades” and “Guide/Toolkit” in Advanced Search.
Meeting the moment: The gender and education community's response to COVID-19
Authors:   Evidence for Gender & Education Resource (EGER)
Published: August 2021

Across the globe, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt girls’ education. With sudden school closures, social gathering restrictions, and shifting funding priorities, organizations have had to halt, adapt, or create new girls’ education programming to meet the challenges of this moment. It is more important than ever to coordinate our efforts to ensure girls receive a quality education as we navigate the pandemic’s complex effects. To target COVID-19 response efforts effectively and efficiently, we must first understand who is doing what and where in the global gender and education ecosystem. This is an initial snapshot of global COVID-19 girls’ education activities as of April 2021.
Community involvement in reproductive health: Findings from research in Karnataka, India
Authors:   Foundation for Research in Health Systems
Published: August 2021

In 1996, the government of India decided to provide a package of reproductive and child health services through the existing family welfare program, adopting a community needs assessment approach (CNAA). To implement this approach, the government abolished its practice of setting contraceptive targets centrally and introduced a decentralized planning strategy whereby health workers assessed the reproductive health needs of women in their respective areas and prepared local plans to meet those needs. They also involved community leaders to promote community participation in the reproductive and child health program. Since 1998, several evaluation studies have assessed the impact of CNAA on the program’s performance and community participation. These studies showed that the performance of the maternal health-care program improved, whereas the functioning of the family planning program initially declined but later recovered. The approach achieved little in boosting community involvement. This project tested a new model of health committee to help stimulate community participation in reproductive and child health activities at the village level. The experiment, described in this report, was conducted in the Hunsur block of the Mysore District in Karnataka for two years. Researchers evaluated the impact in terms of community involvement and utilization of reproductive and child health services.
Analisis Faktor Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Penjualan Online pada mahasiswa STIE Mandala Jember
Authors: Hidayah Tamriatin , Sulaksono Hary
Published: August 2021

This study aims to look at the effect of Price, Ease, Information Quality, Safety and Confidence variables on Online buying decisions. Data collection method using purposive sampling, with 100 respondents. Data analysis method using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with independent variables namely price, convenience, quality of information, security and trust. The dependent variable used is an online purchasing decision. This study uses quantitative data with primary data sources. Primary data in question, obtained from the object of research directly by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents. The results showed that the price, convenience, quality of information, security and trust variables had a significant positive effect on online purchasing decisions both partially and simultaneously on the students of STIE Mandala Jember. The conclusion of this study was that price, ease, convenience, quality of information, security and trust influence online buying decisions.

Keywords: Price, Ease, Quality of information, Security, Trust, Buying Decision
Nowcasting Colombian Economic Activity: DFM and Factor-MIDAS approaches
Authors: Galeano-Ramírez Franky Juliano , Martínez-Cortés Nicolás , Rojas-Martínez Carlos D. , Guerrero Margaret
Published: August 2021

Economic policy decision-making requires constantly assessing the state of economic activity. However, this is not an easy task: official figures have significant lags, and the timely information is usually partial and has different frequencies. This paper applies two types of short-term forecasting methodologies (Factor-MIDAS and DFM) for Colombian economic activity involving information with mixed frequencies. We present a heuristic process to select relevant variables, and we evaluate the proposed models' fits by comparing them with traditional forecasting methodologies. Overall, DFM and Factor-MIDAS forecasts are better than those generated by conventional methodologies, especially as the flow of information increases. In times of COVID-19, the model with the best relative fit was the DFM.
Selling you on flexibility : toward a flexible framework for reflexive administration of writing centers
Authors:   , Harms Aaron A.
Published: August 2021

Training tutors has historically been and continues to be one of the most important, as well as the most labor- and time-intensive needs that directors of writing centers are called to address. As technological advancements have been made, those needs have continued to grow into online areas as well. The Writing Center at the University of Missouri, one of the longest running and earliest adopters of online asynchronous tutoring, has been meeting those new and particularly online needs since the early nineties. That history, alongside well-established tutor training methods allowed for a slightly smoother response to the pivot to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. Using Institutional Ethnography as the primary methodology, this dissertation provides a historical view of the MU Writing Center's early adoption of online asynchronous tutoring via their Online Writery application, as well as a collection and evaluation of the pedagogical responses to 2020's COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the tutor training course offered each semester. As an outcome of those historical analyses of online needs, this dissertation presents a flexible framework for reflexive administration that can both respond to future local needs and provide transferable guidance for other program administrators.
School leaders' perceptions of Missouri's outdoor leadership experience
Authors:   , Hayes Jenni
Published: August 2021

Training school administrators to be more effective leaders through Missouri's Outdoor Leadership Experience is a unique concept that has been in place since 1987. Many other fields have used outdoor experiences for leadership training. This qualitative study discusses participants' perceptions of their experience and how it has impacted their leadership moving forward. Analysis of data was based upon Mezirow's Transformative Learning Theory and recommendations for future design of the program were made.
Corridos en la guerra contra el narco : esteticas necropoliticas en Mexico
Authors:   , Mulligan Martin
Published: August 2021

Narcoculture has been considered a phenomenon of socialization that exists in territories where drug trafficking has become politically, socially, economically and culturally influential. In Mexico, the phenomenon has an aesthetic and a vernacular philosophy based on fashion, on a film sub-genre, on ostentatious hyper-consumption practices, and most significantly, on a popular musical genre known as narcocorrido -- heritage of the age-old narrative tradition of epic ballads and Mexican banditry. In the 21st century, with the rise of digital practices predominantly on youtube, Facebook, and Instagram, its audience and industry reached heights of unprecedented popularity, largely due to a new generation of (narco)corridistas or composers that emerged in both Los Angeles, California and Sinaloa, Mexico. These corridos alterados, as they are also known, were written with unusual graphic brutality focusing on the social violence affecting Mexico. Taking into account the journalistic and academic considerations that have been made on the subject on the War on Drugs in Mexico, I propose from the field of cultural studies to analyze the phenomenon from the content and industry of these narcocorridos, as a means to provide other explanatory and interpretive approaches to this social violence that has produced more deaths than the Iraq War and more disappearances than any Latin American dictatorship of the 20th century. La narcocultura ha sido considerada un fenomeno de socializacion que existe en territorios donde el narcotrafico se ha insertado politica, social, economica y culturalmente. En Mexico, el fenomeno tiene una estetica y una filosofia vernacula basada en una moda de vestimenta, en un subgenero cinematografico (videohomes), en ostentosas practicas de hiperconsumo y, primordialmente, en un genero musical popular conocido como narcocorrido, herencia de las antiguas baladas epicas y del bandolerismo mexicano. En el siglo XXI, con el auge de las practicas digitales predominantemente en youtube, Facebook e Instagram, su audiencia e industria alcanzaron alturas de popularidad sin precedentes, en parte con una nueva generacion de compositores (narco)corridistas que surgieron tanto en Los Angeles, California como Sinaloa, Mexico. Estos corridos alterados, como tambien se les conoce, narraban con una brutalidad grafica inusual los motivos sociales de la guerra contra los carteles del narcotrafico. Asi, tomando en consideracion la cronica periodistica y los enfoques academicos, este trabajo desde los estudios culturales analiza la industria y los contenidos de los narcocorridos, para brindar otras enfoques explicativos e interpretativos de esta violencia social que ha producido mas muertes dolosas que la Guerra de Irak y mas desapariciones que cualquier dictadura latinoamericana del siglo XX.
An analysis of undergraduate heavy-video-gaming students : developing technology-enhanced learning-support areas based on gaming and study practices
Authors:   , Todd Michelle
Published: August 2021

Video-gaming has become a popular extracurricular option for students in higher education. More than 70 percent of undergraduate students reported they played video-games at some level, with heavy-video-gaming students reporting they invest over 14 hours a week on games. When extracurricular activities take 14 or more hours of commitment, students' academic performance is at risk of falling. However, not much is known about the heavy-video-gaming students, their gaming and study practices, and whether new technology-enhanced academic learning supports may meet their needs. A conceptual framework using study habits and attitudes, academic performance, and activity theory provided a lens to view the research. This exploratory study applied a qualitative virtual ethnography methodology and interviews to investigate the gaming and study practices of 93 heavy-video-gaming students. Results indicate five study organizational approaches the video-gaming participants use in their study practices. In addition, five types of heavy-video-gaming students have been explored. More specifically, the findings unveil the contrast between undergraduate video-gaming students' study and gaming practices. For example, the results indicate that playing games offer the video gaming students a mental break they feel they need to take from their university studies, and students play games as a reward for their study efforts. Additionally, video-gaming students desire that their studies provide them with some ongoing reward system, similar to rewarding systems in games. Finally, learning supports for gaming students have been developed. This new knowledge about the study practices of video-gaming students can be used by educational professionals as a basis for developing and implementing technology-enhanced academic learning supports to align with video-gamer student needs.
Three essays on innovation, corporate control and household consumption-based asset pricing
Authors:   , Wang Ruixiang
Published: August 2021

We propose a novel consumption measure that has a daily frequency and is based on real time shopping data. Our measure explains the joint equity-premium‚ risk-free rate puzzle with a risk aversion coefficient much lower than any other consumption measures. It explains the cross-sectional variation of expected returns on various portfolios and is the only consumption measure that passes Kleibergen and Zhan (Journal of Finance, 2020) robust tests. Our model decomposes consumption shocks into different frequencies of volatility and shows that ignoring short-term dynamics and intra-annual fluctuations explains the much higher risk aversion from low-frequency consumption measures. At zip-code level daily consumption, (a) consumption in blue areas suggests higher risk aversion than that in red areas; (b) only Democratic consumption beta explains a variation of cross-sectional returns, and is more sensitive to overall industry performance.
ECG INTERPRETATION AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: Hassan Khaled
Published: August 2021

Background: The goal was to use surface electrocardiographic (ECG) indicators to detect COVID-19's malignant arrhythmic potential.

Methodology: In 51 COVID-19 patients and 40 control subjects, the ECG parameters PR, QT, QTc, QTd, TPe, and Tpe/QTc were assessed. COVID-19 patients had substantially higher mean QTc (410.8 24.3 msec vs. 394.6 20.3 msec, p.001), Tpe/QTc (0.19 0.02 vs. 0.18 0.04, p =.036), and median QTd (47.52 vs. 46.5) values than the control group. Troponin levels were linked with heart rate (r = 0.387, p =.006) but not with ECG parameters (r = 0.387, p =.006).

Conclusion: In Covid19 patients, several ventricular arrhythmia surface ECG predictors, such as QTc, QTd, and Tpe/QTc, are elevated. Because drugs used in COVID-19 patients have the potential to impact these parameters.

Keywords: Malignant arrhythmia, COVID-19, QT prolongation ECG.
AUDIT OF CESAREAN SECTION IN A RURAL TEACHING HOSPITAL AS PER WHO GUIDELINES (ROBSON’S TEN GROUP CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM)
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Attri Apra
Published: August 2021

Background:  Rate of cesarean section (CS) is one of the most frequently used indicators of healthcare quality at the national and international levels for clinical governance.  Audit of indications of CS and to propose measures to reduce the rate of CS in our institution

Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra at Tanda (HP)

Results: In our study, previous CS (group 5) contributed the most (30.44%) of overall CS.Second largest contributor was nulliparous women with cephalic presentation at term (group 1 and 2).Induction of labor (group 2) was associated with higher CS (23.66%), as compare spontaneous labor (group1). Women with breech presentation (group 6 and 7) also showed high CS rate.

Conclusion: In conclusion, RTGCS permits the easy identification of the leading contributing groups to CS increases. RTGCS is an internationally accepted classification that is much needed to scientifically study the effects of the rising CS rate. It identifies the contributors to differences in the CS rate but does not provide any explanation for these differences across various subgroups.

Keywords: RTGCS, CS, NVD, Women.
Optimization of Toluidine Blue Biosorption in Aqueous Solutions Using Polyporus Squamosus Fungi as Absorbent by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Esmail Liqaa Samir
Published: August 2021

Textile wastewater including a large number of dyes and heavy metals can have adverse impacts on human health and surface water. In this work, biosorption Toluidine Blue from aqueous media onto natural Polypourus squamosus fungi as a low-cost biosorbent was investigated. Central Composite Design (CCD) in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was successfully applied to optimize the biosorption condition. Medium parameters affected the biosorption of Toluidine Blue were determined to be initial pH, initial Toluidine Blue (Tb) concentration, temperature, and absorbent dosage. All experiments were carried out in a batch system using 250 mL flasks containing 100 mL of Toluidine Blue solution with a temperature-controlled magnetic stirrer. The Tb concentrations remaining in filtration solutions after biosorption were analyzed using UV-Spectro. With the obtained quadratic model, the optimal conditions for maximum biosorbed Toluidine blue were calculated to be 7, 27.5 mg/L, 35°C and 0.05 g for pH, C°, T (°C) and adsorbent dosage, respectively. Furthermore, most known isotherm models such as Langmuir and Freundlich were computed to find the best-fitted model.