bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can trans-S-manifolds be defined from the Gray-Hervella classification for almost Hermitian manifolds?
Authors: Alegre Pablo , Fernández Luis M. , Soriano-Trigueros Manuel
Published: April 2022

Recently, trans-S-manifolds have been defined as a wide class of metric f-manifolds which includes, for instance, f-Kenmotsu manifolds, S-manifolds and C-manifolds and generalize well-studied trans-Sasakian manifolds. The definition of trans-S-manifolds is formulated using the covariant derivative of the tensor f and although this formulation coincides with the characterization of trans-Sasakian manifolds in such a particular case, this latter type of manifolds were not initially defined in this way but using the Gray-Hervella classification of almost Hermitian manifolds. The aim of this paper is to study how (almost) trans-S-manifolds relate with the Gray-Hervella classification and to establish both similarities and differences with the trans-Sasakian case.
Triggering processes of deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD) in an un-glaciated area of the Cavargna Valley (Central Southern Alps) during the Middle Holocene
Authors: Livio F. A. , Zerboni A. , Ferrario M. F. , Mariani G. S. , Martinelli E. , Amit R.
Published: April 2022

Triggering mechanisms and causative processes of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSD) in Alpine and high mountain areas include, among others, post-glacial de-buttressing, earthquake-induced ground shaking, or co-seismic surface faulting. Distinguishing between climatic or tectonically driven factors is challenging since faults and fracture systems can play both an active and/or passive role in the process initiation. We applied an integrated approach, including morpho-structural analysis, geologic field survey, a paleoseismological approach applied to trenching, radiocarbon dating and detailed sedimentological analysis, to a DSGSD located in the Cavargna Valley (N Italy), an area that was never occupied by extensive ice tongues in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene. We were able to document at least two phases of movement from the Middle Holocene onwards and related triggering factors. Thanks to the comparison with dated lacustrine turbidites in the Alpine Lakes, we argue a seismic triggering for the landslide onset, with a possible source located in southern Switzerland, close to the Insubric Line. The later evolution of the landslide was instead driven by climatic predisposing conditions (humid and cold), instead, corresponding to a phase of enhanced slope instability.
Invasive species and thermal squeeze: distribution of two invasive predators and drivers of ship rat (Rattus rattus) invasion in mid-elevation Fuscospora forest
Authors: Harris Holly A. L. , Kelly Dave , Innes John , Allen Robert B.
Published: April 2022

Global climate change could alter the range, abundance, and interactions of species, potentially favouring invasive species and harming endemics. Ship rats (Rattus rattus) are one of the world's worst invasive predators but are typically absent from Aotearoa New Zealand's nativeFuscospora cliffortioides(mountain beech) forest above 1000 m. Stoats (Mustela erminea) are another damaging invasive predator in Aotearoa New Zealand and prey on ship rats. We analyse community trapping records 2007–2020 to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of ship rats and their key predator stoats at Craigieburn Forest Park. We document an invasion of ship rats after 2010 at Craigieburn and hypothesised two drivers of the increase in rat abundance: (1) more frequent mountain beech high-seed years providing more food for rats; and (2) warming winter temperatures allowing rats to invade areas that were previously too cold. We were unable to test a third possible driver (stoat trapping resulting in top-down meso-predator release) due to the nature of the data available. Rats were more common at low altitudes near streams, and stoats were more common at higher-altitudes on forest edges. Average winter temperature, but not seedfall, increased significantly at Craigieburn mid-elevations since 1972. The best predictor of annual rat catch was higher average winter temperatures interacting with high seedfall. This shows a key interaction between two global change drivers: warming temperatures have allowed exotic ship rats to expand into areas where they were previously absent, increasing the resultant "thermal squeeze" of predation on sensitive endemic birds at higher-altitude sites.
Model-based characterization of permeability damage control through inhibitor injection under parametric uncertainty
Authors: Mahmudova Ayisha , Borsi Iacopo , Porta Giovanni Michele
Published: April 2022

Damage in subsurface formations caused by mineral precipitation decreases the porosity and permeability, eventually reducing the production rate of wells in plants producing oil, gas or geothermal fluids. A possible solution to this problem consists in stopping the production followed by the injection of inhibiting species that slow down the precipitation process. In this work we model inhibitor injection and quantify the impact of a set of model parameters on the outputs of the system. The parameters investigated concern three key factors contributing to the success of the treatment: i) the inhibitor affinity, described by an adsorption Langmuir isotherm, ii) the concentration and time related to the injection and iii) the efficiency of the inhibitor in preventing mineral precipitation. Our simulations are set in a stochastic framework where these inputs are characterized in probabilistic terms. Forward simulations rely on a purpose-built code based on finite differences approximation of the reactive transport setup in radial coordinates. We explore the sensitivity diverse outputs, encompassing the well bottom pressure and space-time scales characterizing the transport of the inhibitor. We find that practically relevant output variables, such as inhibitor lifetime and well bottom pressure, display a diverse response to input uncertainties and display poor mutual dependence. Our results quantify the probability of treatment failure for diverse scenarios of inhibitor-rock affinity. We find that treatment optimization based on single outputs may lead to high failure probability when evaluated in a multi-objective framework. For instance, employing an inhibitor displaying an appropriate lifetime may fail in satisfying criteria set in terms of well-bottom pressure history or injected inhibitor mass.
Lifestyle and metabolic factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Chen Jie , Li Xue , Fan Rongrong , Arsenault Benoit , Gill Dipender , Giovannucci Edward L. , Zheng Ju-sheng , Larsson Susanna C.
Published: April 2022

The risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been clearly identified. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore this. Independent genetic variants strongly associated with 5 lifestyle and 9 metabolic factors were selected as instrumental variables from corresponding genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary-level data for NAFLD were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis of 8434 cases and 770,180 non-cases (discovery dataset) and another GWAS meta-analysis of 1483 cases and 17,781 non-cases (replication dataset). Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed. There were associations with NAFLD for lifetime smoking index (odds ratio (OR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–1.93 per SD-increase), body mass index (BMI, OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.23–1.43 per SD-increase), waist circumference (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.48–2.24 per SD-increase), type 2 diabetes (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.15–1.27 per unit increase in log-transformed odds), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.07–1.26 per 10 mmHg increase), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.90 per SD-increase), and triglycerides (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.15–1.33 per SD-increase). The associations for type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, but not for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained strong after adjusting for genetically-predicted BMI. Genetic liability to type 2 diabetes mediated 51.4% (95% CI 13.4–89.3%) of the BMI-effects on NAFLD risk. There were suggestive inverse associations of genetically-predicted alcohol, coffee, and caffeine consumption, and vigorous physical activity with NAFLD risk. This study identified several lifestyle and metabolic factors that may be causally implicated in NAFLD.
Portraying the missing baryonic mass at the cosmic noon: the contribution of CUBES
Authors: D’Odorico Valentina
Published: April 2022

The cosmological and galactic missing baryon problems are briefly reviewed with a particular focus on the contributions to the baryonic census derived from the analysis of quasar absorption spectra. The CUBES spectrograph foreseen for the ESO VLT, with its exceptional efficiency ($$> 40$$

>
40

%), blue wavelength coverage ($$\lambda \simeq 300-405$$

λ
≃
300
-
405

nm) and intermediate resolution ($$R\simeq 24,000$$

R
≃
24
,
000

) will allow us to tackle this issue with two approaches: using H i Lyman-$$\alpha$$
α
lines at $$z \simeq 1.5-2.3$$

z
≃
1.5
-
2.3

, just after the peak of star formation, and using O vi absorbers at $$z \simeq 1.9-2.9$$

z
≃
1.9
-
2.9

, at the cosmic noon. In both cases, in order to derive the baryonic masses it will be necessary to acquire also higher-resolution spectra of the same target quasars to cover the region at longer wavelengths. We simulate the observations with the CUBES E2E simulator considering a sample of 40 bright quasars at redshifts $$z_\mathrm{em}\sim 2-3$$

z
em

∼
2
-
3

observed for a total time of $$\sim 13$$

∼
13

h to reach a signal-to-noise ratio of $$\sim 15$$

∼
15

in the H i Lyman-$$\alpha$$
α
, O vi forests.
The optimized inclusion level of Bacillus subtilis fermented Azolla pinnata in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets: immunity, antioxidative status, intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry, and disease resistance
Authors: Ismail Taha , Hegazi Elsayed , Nassef Eldsokey , Habotta Ola A. , Gewaily Mahmoud S.
Published: April 2022

A 95-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of feeding Bacillus subtilis fermented Azolla (BSFA) on nonspecific immunity, antioxidative status, intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry, and disease resistance in the Nile tilapia. We formulated five isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets to incorporate BSFA at level of (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%). The growth performance parameters (FBW, BWG, SGR, PER, and FCR) revealed a significant increase in the BSFA30 tilapia group compared to the control group followed by BSFA45 (P < 0.05). The BSFA30 group exhibited the highest nonspecific immunity parameters including (lysozyme activity, phagocytic index, and phagocytic activity) compared to other groups (P < 0.05). SOD and GPx reported the highest values in the BSFA60 group. Nile tilapia carcass composition was not influenced by BSFA inclusion level (P > 0.05). Interestingly, Nile tilapia fed with BSFA15 diet exhibited the highest protease activity level (P < 0.05), while those fed on BSFA30 documented the highest amylase activity. Intestinal histomorphology was significantly enhanced with the gradual increase of administrated BSFA. Regarding the tilapia disease resistance against Aeromonas septicemia, BSFA significantly diminished the cumulative mortality compared to the control group. To sum up, BSFA was more effective in improving the growth performance and immunity of Nile tilapia.

Graphical abstract
A novel update rule of HALS algorithm for nonnegative matrix factorization and Zangwill’s global convergence
Authors: Sano Takehiro , Migita Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Norikazu
Published: April 2022

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has attracted a great deal of attention as an effective technique for dimensionality reduction of large-scale nonnegative data. Given a nonnegative matrix, NMF aims to obtain two low-rank nonnegative factor matrices by solving a constrained optimization problem. The Hierarchical Alternating Least Squares (HALS) algorithm is a well-known and widely-used iterative method for solving such optimization problems. However, the original update rule used in the HALS algorithm is not well defined. In this paper, we propose a novel well-defined update rule of the HALS algorithm, and prove its global convergence in the sense of Zangwill. Unlike conventional globally-convergent update rules, the proposed one allows variables to take the value of zero and hence can obtain sparse factor matrices. We also present two stopping conditions that guarantee the finite termination of the HALS algorithm. The practical usefulness of the proposed update rule is shown through experiments using real-world datasets.
Developing State Leadership in Maternal and Child Health: Process Evaluation Findings from a Work-Based Learning Model for Leadership Development
Authors: Umble Karl E. , Powis Laura , Coffey Alexandria M. , Margolis Lewis , Mullenix Amy , Fatima Hiba , Orton Stephen , Fleming W. Oscar , Lich Kristen Hassmiller , Cilenti Dorothy
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Since 2013 the MCH Bureau has supported the National MCH Workforce Development Center to strengthen the Title V MCH workforce. This article describes the Center’s Cohort Program and lessons learned about work-based learning, instruction, and coaching.

Description

The Cohort Program is a leadership development program that enrolls state-level teams for skill development and work-based learning to address a self-identified challenge in their state. Teams attend a Learning Institute that teaches concepts, skills, and practical tools in systems integration; change management and adaptive leadership; and evidence-based decision-making and implementation. Teams then work back home on their challenges, aided by coaching. The Program’s goals are for teams to expand and use their skills to address their challenge, and that teams would strengthen programs, organizations, and policies, use their skills to address other challenges, and ultimately improve MCH outcomes.

Methods

This process evaluation is based on evaluation forms completed by attendees at the three-day Learning Institute; six-month follow-up interviews with team leaders; and a modified focus group with staff.

Results

Participants and staff believe the Cohort Program effectively merges a practical skill-based curriculum, work-based learning in teams, and coaching. The Learning Institute provides a foundation of skills and tools, strengthens the team’s relationship with their coach, and builds the team. The work-based learning period provides structure, accountability, and a “practice space” for teams to apply the Cohort Program’s skills and tools to address their challenge. In this period, teams deepen collaborations and often add partners. The coach provides accessible and tailored guidance in teamwork and skill application. These dimensions helped teams in develop skills and address state-level MCH challenges.

Conclusions for Practice

Continuing professional development programs can help leaders learn to address complex state-level MCH challenges through integrated classroom-based skills development, work-based learning on state challenges, and tailored coaching.
The Role of Early-Career University Prestige Stratification on the Future Academic Performance of Scholars
Authors: González-Sauri Mario , Rossello Giulia
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the effect of university prestige stratification on scholars’ career achievements. We focus on 766 STEM PhD graduates hired by Mexican universities between 1992 and 2016. We rank university according to their prestige based on the pairwise assessment of quality contained in the PhD hiring networks. Further, we use a quasi-experimental design matching pairs of individuals with the same characteristics, PhD training or first job experience. Our results challenge the positive association between prestige and academic performance as predicted by the ‘Matthew effect’. Scholars hired internally sustain higher performance over their careers in comparison to those who move up or down the prestige hierarchy. Further, we find a positive (negative) relation between downward (upward) prestige mobility and performance that relates to the “big-fish-little-pond” effect (BFLPE). The evidence of a BFLPE-like effect has policy implications because hinders the knowledge flows throughout the science system and individual achievements.
Corporate political power and US foreign policy, 1981–2002: the role of the policy-planning network
Authors: Luther-Davies Philip , Doniec Kasia Julia , Lavallee Joseph P. , King Lawrence P. , Domhoff G. William
Published: April 2022

Recent empirical work has offered strong support for ‘biased pluralism’ and ‘economic elite’ accounts of political power in the United States, according a central role to ‘business interest groups’ as a mechanism through which corporate influence is exerted. Here, we propose an additional channel of influence for corporate interests: the ‘policy-planning network,’ consisting of corporate-dominated foundations, think tanks, and elite policy-discussion groups. To evaluate this assertion, we consider one key policy-discussion group, the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). We first briefly review the origins of this organization and then review earlier findings on its influence. We then code CFR policy preferences on 295 foreign policy issues during the 1981–2002 period. In logistic regression analyses, we find that the preferences of more affluent citizens and the CFR were positive, statistically significant predictors of foreign policy outcomes while business interest group preferences were not. These findings are discussed with a consideration of the patterns of CFR ‘successes’ and ‘failures’ for the issues in our dataset. Although a full demonstration of a causal connection between corporate interests, the policy-planning network and policy outcomes requires further research, we conclude that this has been shown to be a plausible mechanism through which corporate interests are represented and that ‘biased pluralism’ researchers should include it in their future investigations.
Thrombotic and bleeding events, mortality, and anticoagulant use among 546,656 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the United States: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Deitelzweig Steve , Luo Xuemei , Nguyen Jennifer L. , Malhotra Deepa , Emir Birol , Russ Cristina , Li Xiaoyan , Lee Theodore C. , Ferri Mauricio , Wiederkehr Danny , Reimbaeva Maya , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Piazza Gregory
Published: April 2022

This study describes demographics, thrombotic and bleeding events, mortality, and anticoagulant use among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the United States. Premier Healthcare Database data were analyzed to identify inpatients with a discharge diagnosis for COVID-19 (ICD-10-CM code: U07.1) from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021, and matched historical controls without COVID-19 (inpatients discharged between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019). Thrombotic [including venous thromboembolism (VTE)] and bleeding events were based on ICD-10-CM discharge diagnosis codes. Of the 546,656 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 20.1% were admitted to the ICU, 62.8% were aged ≥ 60 years, 51.5% were male, and 31.0% were non-white. Any thrombotic event was diagnosed in 10.0% of hospitalized and 20.8% of ICU patients with COVID-19 versus (vs) 11.5% and 24.4% for historical controls, respectively. More VTE events were observed in hospitalized and ICU patients with COVID-19 than historical controls (hospitalized: 4.4% vs 2.7%, respectively; ICU: 8.3% vs 5.2%, respectively; both P < 0.0001). Bleeding events were diagnosed in 10.2% of hospitalized and 21.8% of ICU patients with COVID-19 vs 16.0% and 33.2% for historical controls, respectively. Mortality among hospitalized (12.4%) and ICU (38.5%) patients with COVID-19 was higher vs historical controls (2.4%, P < 0.0001 and 9.4%, P < 0.0001, respectively) and higher in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who had thrombotic events (29.4%) vs those without thrombotic events (10.8%, P < 0.0001). VTE and mortality were higher in hospitalized and ICU patients with COVID-19 vs historical controls. The presence of thrombotic events was associated with worse outcomes.
Obituary for Kálmán Vánky (1930–2021)
Authors: Shivas Roger , McTaggart Alistair , Begerow Dominik , Denchev Cvetomir M. , Denchev Teodor T. , Kemler Martin , Kruse Julia , Lutz Matthias , Piątek Marcin , Piepenbring Meike , Thines Marco
Published: April 2022

Kálmán Vánky (15th of June 1930–18th of October 2021) was arguably the most prolific researcher of smut fungi so far. He published more than 1000 taxonomic novelties, and crowned his outstanding oeuvre with the most comprehensive monograph of the smut fungi (Smut Fungi of the World) written to date.
The Time to Reconsider Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blocking Strategy: Arrival of Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockers
Authors: Tezuka Yuta , Ito Sadayoshi
Published: April 2022

Purpose of Review

The study aims to verify the advantages of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor blockers (MRBs) in the management of hypertension and cardiovascular and renal diseases, comparing with conventional MRBs.

Recent Findings

Based on the unique structures, the nonsteroidal MRBs have higher selectivity for mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and show no agonist activity for major steroid hormone receptors in contrast to steroidal MRBs. Today, there are two nonsteroidal MRBs, esaxerenone and finerenone, which completed phase 3 clinical trials. Series of clinical trials have shown that both agents achieve similar MR blockade with smaller doses as compared with steroidal MRBs, but have no off-target side effect such as gynecomastia. Esaxerenone has persistent blood pressure-lowering effects in various hypertensive populations, including essential hypertension and those with diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease, while finerenone has demonstrated reduction of the cardiovascular risk rather than blood pressure in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

Nonsteroidal MRBs are a more refined agent which contributes to appropriate MR blocking with minimized unpleasant adverse effects.
Design and characterization of metallic glass/graphene multilayer with excellent nanowear properties
Authors: Zhou Qing , Luo Dawei , Hua Dongpeng , Ye Wenting , Li Shuo , Zou Qiguang , Chen Ziqiang , Wang Haifeng
Published: April 2022

The excellent properties of metallic glass (MG) films make them perfect candidates for the use in miniature systems and tools. However, their high coefficients of friction (COFs) and poor wear resistance considerably limit their long-term performance in nanoscale contact. We report the fabrication of a MG/graphene multilayer by the repeated deposition of Cu50Zr50 MG with alternating layers of graphene. The microstructure of the multilayer was characterized by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Its mechanical and nanotribological properties were studied by nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests, respectively. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that the addition of graphene endowed the MG with superelastic recovery, which reduced friction during nanoscratching. In comparison with the monolithic MG film, the multilayer exhibited improved wear resistance and a low COF in repeated nanowear tests owing to the enhanced mechanical properties and lubricating effect caused by the graphene layer. This work is expected to motivate the design of other novel MG films with excellent nanowear properties for engineering applications.
Recent Progress of Electrode Materials for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Yumeng , Lin Zhenhua , Wei Wei , Hao Yue , Liu Shengzhong , Ouyang Jianyong , Chang Jingjing
Published: April 2022

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) have attracted enormous interest in wearable and portable electronics due to their high power-per-weight and low cost. Flexible and efficient perovskite solar cells require the development of flexible electrodes compatible with the optoelectronic properties of perovskite. In this review, the recent progress of flexible electrodes used in FPSCs is comprehensively reviewed. The major features of flexible transparent electrodes, including transparent conductive oxides, conductive polymer, carbon nanomaterials and nanostructured metallic materials are systematically compared. And the corresponding modification strategies and device performance are summarized. Moreover, flexible opaque electrodes including metal films, opaque carbon materials and metal foils are critically assessed. Finally, the development directions and difficulties of flexible electrodes are given.
Bypassing the statistical limit of singlet generation in sensitized upconversion using fluorinated conjugated systems
Authors: Vaghi Luca , Rizzo Fabio , Pedrini Jacopo , Mauri Anna , Meinardi Francesco , Cosentino Ugo , Greco Claudio , Monguzzi Angelo , Papagni Antonio
Published: April 2022

The photon upconversion based on triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) is a mechanism that converts the absorbed low-energy electromagnetic radiation into higher energy photons also at extremely low excitation intensities, but its use in actual technologies is still hindered by the limited availability of efficient annihilator moieties. We present here the results obtained by the synthesis and application of two new fluorinated chromophores based on phenazine and acridine structures, respectively. Both compounds show upconverted emission demonstrating their ability as TTA annihilator. More interesting, the acridine-based chromophore shows an excellent TTA yield that overcomes the one of some of best model systems. By correlating the experimental data and the quantum mechanical modeling of the investigated compound, we propose an alternative efficient pathway for the generation of the upconverted emissive states involving the peculiar high-energy triplet levels of the dye, thus suggesting a new development strategy for TTA annihilators based on the fine tuning of their high-energy excited states properties.

Graphical abstract
Later Stoicism 155 BC to AD 200
Authors: Inwood Brad
Published: April 2022

Most modern readers of the Stoics think first of later authors such as Seneca, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. Existing works like Long and Sedley's The Hellenistic Philosophers concentrate on the Stoics of the early school. This book focusses on the more influential later school, including key figures like Panaetius and Posidonius, and provides well-chosen selections from the full range of Stoic thinkers. It emphasizes their important work in logic, physics and cosmology as well as in ethics. Fresh translations and incisive commentary present a picture of Stoic thought informed by up-to-date historical research and philosophical analysis. The book will be essential for scholars and students of ancient philosophy and of Hellenistic and Roman culture.
The Mathematics of Finite Networks
Authors: Rudolph Michael
Published: April 2022

Since the early eighteenth century, the theory of networks and graphs has matured into an indispensable tool for describing countless real-world phenomena. However, the study of large-scale features of a network often requires unrealistic limits, such as taking the network size to infinity or assuming a continuum. These asymptotic and analytic approaches can significantly diverge from real or simulated networks when applied at the finite scales of real-world applications. This book offers an approach to overcoming these limitations by introducing operator graph theory, an exact, non-asymptotic set of tools combining graph theory with operator calculus. The book is intended for mathematicians, physicists, and other scientists interested in discrete finite systems and their graph-theoretical description, and in delineating the abstract algebraic structures that characterise such systems. All the necessary background on graph theory and operator calculus is included for readers to understand the potential applications of operator graph theory.
My Korea
Authors: O'Rourke Kevin
Published: April 2022

My Korea: Forty Years without a Horsehair Hat is a cultural introduction to Korea, part memoir and part miscellany, which introduces traditional and contemporary culture through a series of essays, stories, anecdotes and poems. The book seeks to tell the reader all that he or she needs to know for a full and rewarding life in Korea or as a visitor passing through. Confucianism, Buddhism, relationships, everyday living, language and literature are comprehensively covered. Newcomers to Korea are provided with insights into daily life. They are told how to deal with people and the intricacies of honorific language, how to handle business dealings, how to be comfortable with social ranking, and how to react when they bump into the cultural wall.
Characterizing Drought Behavior in the Colorado River Basin Using Unsupervised Machine Learning
Authors: Talsma Carl J. , Bennett Katrina E. , Vesselinov Velimir V.
Published: April 2022

Drought is a pressing issue for the Colorado River Basin (CRB) due to the social and economic value of water resources in the region and the significant uncertainty of future drought under climate change. Here, we use climate simulations from various Earth System Models (ESMs) to force the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model and project multiple drought indicators for the sub‐watersheds within the CRB. We apply an unsupervised machine learning (ML) based on Non‐Negative Matrix Factorization using K‐means clustering (NMFk) to synthesize the simulated historical, future, and change in drought indicators. The unsupervised ML approach can identify sub‐watersheds where key changes to drought indicator behavior occur, including shifts in snowpack, snowmelt timing, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. While changes in future precipitation vary across ESMs, the results indicate that the Upper CRB will experience increasing evaporative demand and surface‐water scarcity, with some locations experiencing a shift from a radiation‐limited to a water‐limited evaporation regime in the summer. Large shifts in peak runoff are observed in snowmelt‐dominant sub‐watersheds, with complete disappearance of the snowmelt signal for some sub‐watersheds. The work demonstrates the utility of the NMFk algorithm to efficiently identify behavioral changes of drought indicators across space and time and to quickly analyze and interpret hydro climate model results.
Impacts of City Shape on Rainfall in Inland and Coastal Environments
Authors: Zhang Wufan , Yang Jiachuan , Yang Long , Niyogi Dev
Published: April 2022

Urbanization manifests rainfall anomalies both in and around the city. While prior studies have assessed the effect of urban expansion as well as city size, little is known about the impact of city shape on rainfall. Here, idealized large eddy simulations coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model are conducted to bridge the knowledge gap. Results indicate differences in the timing for urban‐induced rainfall in the inland versus coastal environment. This is associated with contrasting diurnal cycles of vertical velocity and cloud water mixing ratio driven by the land‐sea breeze. The impact of city shape on rainfall is more evident in the coastal environment, as buoyancy flows arise from cities alter the interactions between urban‐rural circulation and sea breeze. A circular city shows nearly 22.0% larger rainfall accumulation and 78.6% greater rainfall intensity compared to a triangular city over urban surfaces. The rainfall anomaly is caused by different urban‐rural circulations over various city shapes. The strong low‐level convergence over circular cities favors efficient upward moisture transport and deep convection. Results highlight the need for considering city shape for coastal urban planning, as a potential adaptation strategy to manage rainfall under future climate. The coarse‐resolution climate models that represent the impervious surface area but not the right shape would have a higher uncertainty in simulating rainfall changes.
A Lidar’s-Eye View of How Forests Are Faring
Authors: Kane Van , Van Wagtendonk Liz , Brenner Andrew
Published: April 2022

Success in Yosemite is driving the wider use of lidar surveys to support forest health and wildfire resilience, study wildlife habitats, and monitor water resources.
Mesoscale Spatial Variability of Lower Thermospheric Winds During the Anomalous Transport Rocket Experiment
Authors: Lehmacher Gerald A. , Larsen Miguel F. , Zanetti Jessica
Published: April 2022

We present observations and analysis of seven horizontal wind profiles obtained by the trimethyl aluminum (TMA) tracer method on 27 March 2012 over the Atlantic ocean near Wallops Island, Virginia (37.9°N, 75.4°W). Payloads were launched in order to produce quasi‐simultaneous trails separated by tens to hundreds of kilometers. Tracer positions evolving in time and space were triangulated from three locations along the Atlantic seaboard and wind profiles between 90 and 140 km calculated. The wind profiles present a coherent wind structure dominated by very strong diurnal and semidiurnal tides up to 110 km and an upward propagating inertia‐gravity wave between 110 and 140 km. Properties such as horizontal and vertical wavelength could be extracted from the simultaneous observations at separate locations. A statistical analysis of the wind differences was performed to estimate power‐law coefficients of the second structure function at mesoscales. They show scale‐independence in the region of the largest wind shears, 100–110 km, and a scaling coefficient characteristic for isotropic wind fluctuations above and below this region.
Reduced miR-371b-5p expression drives tumor progression via CSDE1/RAC1 regulation in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Kim Yesol , Ko Je Yeong , Lee Soo-Been , Oh Sumin , Park Jee Won , Kang Hyeok-Gu , Kim Da-Hyun , Chung Daeun , Lim Sera , Kong Hyunkyung , Kim Jongmin , Yoo Kyung Hyun , Han Wonshik , Chun Kyung-Hee , Park Jong Hoon
Published: April 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer; however, specific prognostic biomarkers have not yet been developed. In this study, we identified dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in TNBC by profiling miRNA and mRNA expression. In patients with TNBC, miR-371b-5p expression was reduced, and miR-371b-5p overexpression significantly mitigated TNBC cell growth, migration, and invasion. In addition, we found that expression of cold shock domain-containing protein E1 (CSDE1), a direct target gene of miR-371b-5p, was upregulated in TNBC cells, and inhibition of CSDE1 expression alleviated TNBC cell growth by regulating RAC1 transcription. Mechanistically, CSDE1, phosphorylated C-terminal domain (p-CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), and CDK7 form a complex, and downregulation of CSDE1 leads to weak interaction between RNAPII p-CTD and CDK7, resulting in a decrease in RNAPII p-CTD expression to reduce RAC1 transcript levels in CSDE1-deficient TNBC cells. Our data demonstrate that miR-371b-5p is a tumor-suppressive miRNA that regulates the CSDE1/Rac1 axis and could be a potential prognostic biomarker for TNBC.
Disturbance of calcium homeostasis and myogenesis caused by TET2 deletion in muscle stem cells
Authors: Zhang Haoyuan , Wang Sheng , Zhou Qiangwei , Liao Yinlong , Luo Wenzhe , Peng Zhelun , Ren Ruimin , Wang Heng
Published: April 2022

Skeletal muscle myogenesis is a sophisticated process controlled by genetic and epigenetic regulators. In animals, one of the key enzymes for the DNA demethylation of 5-methylcytosine is TET2. Although TET2 is essential for muscle development, the mechanisms by which TET2 regulates myogenesis, particularly the implication for muscle stem cells, remains unclear. In the present study, we employed the TET2 knockout mouse model to investigate the function of TET2 in muscle development and regeneration. We observed that TET2 deficiency caused impaired muscle stem cell proliferation and differentiation, resulting in the reduction in both myofiber number and muscle tissue size. Specifically, TET2 maintains calcium homeostasis in muscle stem cells by controlling the DNA methylation levels of the calcium pathway genes. Forced expression of the sodium/calcium exchanger protein SLC8A3 could rescue the myogenic defects in TET2 knockout cells. Our data not only illustrated the vital function of TET2 during myogenesis but also identified novel targets that contribute to calcium homeostasis for enhancing muscle function.
Differential expression of circulating miRNAs after alemtuzumab induction therapy in lung transplantation
Authors: Benazzo A. , Bozzini S. , Auner S. , Berezhinskiy H. Oya , Watzenboeck M. L. , Schwarz S. , Schweiger T. , Klepetko W. , Wekerle T. , Hoetzenecker K. , Meloni F. , Jaksch P.
Published: April 2022

Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD52, used as induction therapy after lung transplantation (LTx). Its engagement produces a long-lasting immunodepletion; however, the mechanisms driving cell reconstitution are poorly defined. We hypothesized that miRNAs are involved in this process. The expression of a set of miRNAs, cytokines and co-signaling molecules was measured with RT-qPCR and flow cytometry in prospectively collected serum samples of LTx recipients, after alemtuzumab or no induction therapy. Twenty-six LTx recipients who received alemtuzumab and twenty-seven matched LTx recipients without induction therapy were included in the analysis. One year after transplantation four miRNAs were differentially regulated: miR-23b (p = 0.05) miR-146 (p = 0.04), miR-155 (p < 0.001) and miR-486 (p < 0.001). Expression of 3 miRNAs changed within the alemtuzumab group: miR-146 (p < 0.001), miR-155 (p < 0.001) and miR-31 (p < 0.001). Levels of IL-13, IL-4, IFN-γ, BAFF, IL-5, IL-9, IL-17F, IL-17A and IL-22 were different one year after transplantation compared to baseline. In no-induction group, concentration of sCD27, sB7.2 and sPD-L1 increased overtime. Expression of miR-23b, miR-146, miR-486, miR-155 and miR-31 was different in LTx recipients who received alemtuzumab compared to recipients without induction therapy. The observed cytokine pattern suggested proliferation of specific B cell subsets in alemtuzumab group and co-stimulation of T-cells in no-induction group.
Effects of Jaques–Dalcroze eurhythmics program on postural stability in elderly women
Authors: Adamczyk Jan , Celka Roman , Stemplewski Rafał , Ceynowa Kinga , Maciaszek Janusz
Published: April 2022

Decreased postural stability is observed in older adults. There is an increased risk of falls, which may lead to serious complications and death. Elderly people can maintain and even improve their postural stability through properly selected exercises. This study investigated the effect of exercise using the Emil Jaques–Dalcroze’s Eurhythmics (JDE) method on the postural stability of women over 65 years of age. The study model was based on a randomized controlled trial—parallel group design. Fifty-nine women (69.85 ± 3.29) were divided into two groups: intervention (IG, n = 26) and control (CG, n = 33). The IG subjects participated in a JDE exercise programme for 12 weeks, twice a week for 45 min each. Postural stability was determined using a test on the AMTI AccuSway Plus posturography platform, recording centre of pressure (COP) point displacement. A biofeedback model was used. Accuracy, speed and reaction time of movements were assessed. Two measurement sessions were conducted in both groups: 1 week before starting the exercise programme and immediately afterwards. After 12 weeks of exercise, subjects from IG scored significantly better in the test of accuracy (p < 0.05) and speed (p < 0.05) of movements. Additionally, for parameters determining accuracy of movements, an interaction between allocation to a group and a measurement session was shown (group × time). A 12-week exercise program using the JDE method improves the postural stability of women over 65 years of age by improving the parameters of speed and accuracy of torso movements.
Quantum correlated heat engine in XY chain with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions
Authors: Asadian M. , Ahadpour S. , Mirmasoudi F.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we consider a heat engines composed of two interactional qubits with spin-orbit interaction (Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM)) subject to an external magnetic field, so that each qubit is coupled with cold or hot source. One intention of this work is to investigate the following question: is it possible the effects of DM lead to improve basic thermodynamic quantities in this heat engine are coupled to local environments that are not necessarily at equilibrium? Moreover, we study whether or not quantum correlations can be helpful in the performance of quantum work engines. For this end, we investigate the effects of the temperature and the interaction rate of each qubit with its surrounding environment on quantum correlations such as quantum coherence and quantum discord and quantum entanglements, as well as the generated work. Finally we compare three quantum correlations (entanglement, discord, and coherence) with thermodynamic parameters and show that the output work is positive for what values of the magnetic field so that this cycle can be considered as a thermal machine.
A new surgical strategy for the treatment of tibial pilon fractures with MIPO facilitated by double reverse traction repositor
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhao Kuo , Jin Zhucheng , Zhang Junzhe , Chen Wei , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze
Published: April 2022

The present study aims to introduce a technique combining double reverse traction repositor (DRTR) with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in the surgical treatment of pilon fractures and to observe the efficiency of this approach during a short-term follow-up period. From January to December 2018, patients with pilon fractures who were treated by MIPO with DRTR were reviewed. The demographic and fracture characteristics, surgical data, and prognostic data of 24 patients were extracted. In all 24 patients, closed reduction was achieved with the MIPO technique, and excellent functional and radiological outcomes were observed. The average duration of surgery and intraoperative blood loss were 95.0 ± 14.2 min and 152.1 ± 52.1 ml, respectively. A mean of 16.0 ± 1.9 intraoperative fluoroscopies were conducted. At the 12-month follow-up evaluation, the average AOFAS score was 85.2 ± 5.1. Anatomic or good reduction was observed in 23 (95.8%) patients. The mean ranges of motion of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion were 11.0 ± 2.7 and 32.7 ± 11.1, respectively. Two patients with deep venous thrombosis and one patient with wound non-purulent exudate were noted. Additionally, the wounds healed after routine dressing change. No other complications, including skin necrosis or delayed, non-union or malunion, were observed. The new strategy combining DRTR with MIPO in the treatment of pilon fractures allowed excellent radiological and clinical outcomes and a low postoperative complication rate to be achieved in a short-term follow-up period. Further large sample and comparative studies should be conducted to validate our results.
The unique physical shading pattern of Rayleigh scattering for the generally improved detection of scattering particles
Authors: Li Zhihui , Meng Yan , Nie Hongyu , Gu Rongmeng , Wang Xiaokun , Xiao Dan
Published: April 2022

A facile physical shading method, based on the Rayleigh scattering pattern, exhibited excellent performance detection because of its reduced background noise.
Mimetic peroxidase based on a gold amalgam for the colorimetric sensing of trace mercury(ii) in water samples
Authors: Jiang Jing , Kan Xianwen
Published: April 2022

A simple and effective AuNPs/H-rGO/CC colorimetric sensing interface was constructed for the sensitive, selective, and facile determination of Hg2+ in water samples.
B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of esters and organic carbonates towards alcohols with ammonia borane
Authors: Guo Xuewen , Unglaube Felix , Kragl Udo , Mejía Esteban
Published: April 2022

Herein, we report an efficient metal-free system for the transfer hydrogenation of esters and carbonates with ammonia borane as hydrogen donor, by-passing the otherwise ubiquitous formation of transesterification side-products.
SO2 capture by 2-pyridineethanol through the formation of a zwitterionic liquid
Authors: Wang Zonghua , Yang Dezhong
Published: April 2022

2-Pyridineethanol exhibits a high SO2 capacity while showing a low regeneration temperature of 50 °C.
Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with a generalized regression neural network and LASSO-type methods for estimation of arsenic and chromium in soil
Authors: Harefa Edward , Li Na , Zhou Weidong
Published: April 2022

Hybrid models based on a generalized regression neural network (GRNN), adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (AdaLASSO), and sparse group LASSO (SGL) were used for quantitative analysis of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) in soil.
Eliminating Mo isobaric interference using O2 as reaction gas for Tc measurement by triple quadrupole ICP-MS
Authors: Bu Wenting , Yang Liang , Tang Lei , Xiong Ke , Ni Youyi , Yang Chuting , Hu Sheng
Published: April 2022

The introduction of O2 for the elimination of Mo interference for Tc measurement by ICP-MS/MS.
Contribution of constitutional liquation of the segregation phase to improve the electrochemical performance of Al–Sn based anodes
Authors: Wang Hongchao , Jin Zhijiang , Wang Jian , Yuan Shisheng , Wei Cundi , Gao Qian
Published: April 2022

A liquid segregation phase was constructed in an aluminum anode to improve the electrochemical performance of Al–air batteries.
Tetraphenylethene–anthracene-based fluorescence emission sensor for the detection of water with photo-induced electron transfer and aggregation-induced emission characteristics
Authors: Nishimoto Emiko , Mise Yuta , Fumoto Takuma , Miho Saori , Tsunoji Nao , Imato Keiichi , Ooyama Yousuke
Published: April 2022

We develop a PET (photo-induced electron transfer)/AIE (aggregation-induced emission)-based fluorescent sensor for the detection of water in a low water content region and in moderate to high water content regions in solvents.
Sequential enhancement of proton conductivity by aliovalent cadmium substitution and post-synthetic esterolysis in a carboxylate-functionalized indium framework with dimethylaminium templates
Authors: Gao Hui , Wang Ying-Xia , He Yan-Bin , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: April 2022

A sequential improving strategy of aliovalent Cd(ii) substitution and post-synthetic ligand esterolysis has been proposed and implemented on a In(iii)-MOF. The modified framework Cd-BQ-COOH exhibits 300-fold enhanced value of proton conductivitiy.
Assessing the influence of electric vehicle charging profile modelling methods
Authors: Simolin Toni , Rautiainen Antti , Järventausta Pertti , Rauma Kalle , Rehtanz Christian
Published: April 2022

In the scientific literature, it has been a common assumption that electric vehicles (EVs) draw a constant current during the whole charging session. In reality, EV charging profiles are not linear, and the non‐linearities have recently gained more attention. However, a thorough analysis of the influences of different charging profile modelling methods is not yet carried out. This paper aims to fill this gap by comparing experimental measurements of four commercial EVs and results of a developed simulation model that considers different charging profile modelling methods. According to the results, the use of linear charging profiles may lead to notable modelling inaccuracies (error > 30%) whereas the use of measurement‐based non‐linear charging profile models yields relatively accurate results (error mostly ≤ 3.5%). The results also demonstrate that the use of a simple, but justified, bilinear charging profile model is likely to be sufficiently accurate in most scenarios.