bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESCOLHAS CONTÁBEIS E ATIVOS BIOLÓGICOS: CATEGORIZAÇÃO POR INTERMÉDIO DO CPC 29
Authors: Dagostini Luciane , Tocchetto Lucas Diego , Colla Pamila Eduarda Balsan
Published: December 2020

No contexto brasileiro, o agronegócio além de ser um setor eficiente e competitivo é uma atividade próspera, segura e rentável, acendendo excelentes oportunidades de investimento. Diante deste cenário, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar quais são as escolhas contábeis, referente a ativos biológicos, realizadas pelas empresas do setor de Consumo Não Cíclico, dos segmentos de Agricultura, Açúcar e Álcool e Carnes e Derivados da bolsa de valores brasileira B3. No que diz respeito aos procedimentos metodológicos empregados, classifica-se como descritiva, com a abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio de procedimento documental, baseada nas informações das demonstrações financeiras e notas explicativas publicadas pelas empresas. A análise desta pesquisa percorreu por três categorias provenientes do CPC 29, organizando as informações coletadas em tópicos referentes à caracterização resultante em: reconhecimento e mensuração, perdas e ganho e divulgação. Como resultado evidenciou-se que na categoria de reconhecimento e mensuração, as empresas analisadas avaliam, em sua maioria, os ativos pelo seu valor justo e identificou-se dificuldades em evidenciar os agrupamentos realizados pelas companhias. Na categoria reconhecimento de perdas e ganhos, a metade das empresas não realizam tal reconhecimento, sendo que as demais reconhecem as perdas e ganhos nos momentos de avaliação do valor justo e quando ocorrem a redução ou aumento da receita. A categoria de divulgação foi a menos foi cumprida pelas empresas, sendo que apenas três das dez empresas fizeram a distinção de grupo em consumíveis e para produção, ou em maduro e imaturo.
Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) na elaboração do plano de gerenciamento de riscos corporativos
Authors: Alfarth Alessandra , Eyerkaufer Marino Luiz , Rengel Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar a contribuição da Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) na elaboração do plano de gerenciamento de riscos corporativos. Para consecução dos objetivos, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem predominantemente quantitativa de dados empíricos coletados junto a especialistas em gestão de riscos corporativos, por meio de um levantamento feito por questionário estruturado. Fatores de risco (11) apontados por Fishkin (2006) foram hierarquizados e avaliados quanto a sua interrelação a partir da opinião dos respondentes, e o uso de modelagem matemática preconizada pelo método de solução de problemas complexos ISM permitiu a estruturação e interpretação das relações entre os fatores. Os dados revelam que há fatores de risco no gerenciamento de riscos corporativos que são mais significativos e mais ainda, que alguns deles contribuem significativamente com outros riscos de forma direta e/ou inversa, podendo formar inclusive pequenos núcleos de riscos no portfólio de riscos identificados pela organização. Conclui-se que todo gerenciamento de riscos deveria partir do planejamento estratégico, afim de identificar os potenciais riscos, muito além daqueles apresentados por Fishkin (2006), seguido da sua avaliação, para o qual o estudo apresenta uma técnica convencional de hierarquização de riscos bem como um modelo de estruturação e interpretação capaz de desmistificar as diversas facetas dos riscos corporativos, o que permite o desenvolvimento de um plano de gerenciamento de riscos corporativos com maior efetividade.
Monetary Policy Mechanisms and Economic Growth Stability in Nigeria
Authors: Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi , Okafor M. C.
Published: December 2020

The study considers the effectiveness of monetary policy tools in guaranteeing economic growth stability in Nigeria. In recent times monetary policy tools have become very productive in stabilizing an economy. Thus, this study employs three monetary policy instruments which include: money supply, interest rate and exchange rate to examine the effectiveness of the monetary policy on economic growth stability in Nigeria from 1998 to 2018. The findings reveal that the money supply is substantially positive in influencing the GDP, which is used as a proxy for economic growth stability. However, interest rate and exchange rate do not have a significant impact on the GDP. The study concludes that money supply is the most productive monetary policy tool in Nigeria and recommends its proper usage to achieve maximum economic benefit. The relevant financial power (CBN) in the country is encouraged to allow more accessibility to credits by reducing interest rate and exchange rate fluctuations.
The Size of the Public Economy and Its Economic Efficiency Problem
Authors: Nar Mehmet
Published: December 2020

The public economy, which has reached a significant size in terms of both quality and quantity, collects and spends resources between 30% and 70% of GDP on average, shapes up the economy, and acts as a complementary element next to the private sector. Therefore in this study, the relationship between the size of the public sector (its spending) and its efficiency was analyzed. For this purpose, a 24-year data of the period, 1995 to 2018, were evaluated. In this context, a comparison was made between the data of 36 OECD-member countries and seven non-OECD countries. In conclusion, it was seen that, since OECD-member countries are generally high-income countries, public expenditures in those countries are far from populism and are used effectively in order to meet the social needs. On the other hand, in developing countries, since the growth in the public expenditures tends towards mostly public goods and services in which political actors are given priority, the efficiency either remains limited or is negative.
Prospects of Agroforestry as Climate-smart Agricultural Strategy in Cocoa Landscapes: Perspectives of Farmers in Ghana
Authors: Arhin Albert A. , Antoh Ernestina F. , Edusah Sampson , Obeng-Okrah Kwaku
Published: December 2020

Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is increasingly being promoted by the international community to help farmers adapt to climate change and lift them out of poverty. An essential technique that is promoted under the climate- mitigating smart agriculture policy package to reduce forest loss is agroforestry—the planting of woody plants or trees into farming systems. Integrating agroforesty into cocoa landscapes, it is argued, create forest-like habitats which serves as faunal refuges, sequester carbon and therefore contribute to increasing agricultural productivity, resilience (adaptation) and removal of greenhouse gas emissions. This article uses a qualitative data collected from 100 households in seven communities around the Kakum National Park in the Twifo Hemang Lower Denkyira District in Ghana, where a climate-smart agriculture programme is being piloted. The study analysed the extent of willingness of farmers to participate in interventions that promote increased adoption of agroforestry in cocoa landscapes. The result shows that though farmers have favourable perception about the role of agroforestry on cocoa systems, and are willing to adopt the practice, this does not automatically translate into their willingness to participate in agroforestry program that was asking them to extend the number of trees currently maintained on their cocoa landscapes. The study further reveals that size of farms, the age and height of cocoa trees, extension support and the general ecology of the cocoa varieties as some of the reasons influencing whether the agroforestry practices promoted could be adopted or not.
Disfunctionerende zorgverleners. Vergewissen, dus niet te missen?
Authors: de Vries J.M. , van den Boom B.
Published: December 2020

Disfunctionerende zorgverleners. Vergewissen, dus niet te missen?

In dit artikel staan de vergewisplicht en de meldplicht over het beëindigen van een arbeidsrelatie in verband met ernstig tekortschieten van een zorgverlener door een zorgaanbieder centraal. Uiteengezet wordt wat de beide plichten behelzen, hoe daar in de praktijk mee wordt omgegaan en welke juridische en praktische (on)mogelijkheden de beide plichten met zich brengen.
Monetary benefits from social assistance in the light of the jurisprudence of administrative courts – selected issues. Part 1
Authors: Łakoma Sylwia
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to present monetary benefits from social welfare in terms of the jurisprudence of administrative courts. The analysis of this case law confirms that the granting of obligatory monetary benefits – which are the subject of this part of the article -– such as the permanent allowance and the periodic allowance, depends on the fulfilment of positive conditions, with no negative circumstances at the same time. The latter, depending on their nature, are or may be considered leading or may lead to the conclusion that the provision of the benefit is or may be contrary to the principles and objectives of social welfare, including the principle of subsidiarity. Providing monetary benefits from social welfare, including – which should be emphasized – also obligatory benefits, requires not only the fulfilment of positive conditions, but also confirmation that the provision of assistance will be consistent with the principles and objectives of social welfare, including the pr – as it is noted in the judicature – including determining whether the person concerned undertakes actions aimed at improving their situation, actively cooperating in this respect with the social welfare body, or whether they only expect support. Each person – before asking for help – is first and foremost obliged to fully use their own powers, resources and possibilities to overcome a difficult life situation, and if they do not fulfil this obligation, then – as confirmed by the jurisprudence – there is no basic condition for providing such a person with assistance from public funds. One of the basic goals set out in the Act on social assistance is the activation of beneficiaries and making them independent. Social assistance is only of a temporary nature and assumes the development of appropriate attitudes among its users. It cannot, under any circumstances, turn into a permanent and unique source of income for people applying for it. A negative settlement of the application of a person applying for social assistance benefits does not have to mean a violation of the general principles of granting assistance, and may only prove that, in a specific case, there are no grounds for the applicant to exercise the rights provided for in the Act. The purpose of social assistance is to provide support, not to replace individual efforts to improve the living situation of a specific person. Permanent allowance and periodic allowance referred to in this study fulfil this function.
Sporets didaktik
Authors: Jellesen Marlene Printz
Published: December 2020

Kristendommens status i grundskolens religionsundervisning er omstridt – både i Danmark og Norge – og denne artikel vil afdække, hvilken rolle kristendommen har spillet og spiller i faget Kristendomskundskab i folkeskolen i Danmark og give et bud på følgende spørgsmål: Hvilken status skal kristendommen have i skolens sekulære fag kristendomskundskab, hvilke virknings- og kulturhistoriske grunde kan der være til at prioritere kristendommen højt i undervisningen, og hvordan kan man som ikke-forkyndende religionslærer pleje refleksiv omgang med den normativitet, kristendommen indeholder. Med disse spørgsmål in mente bevæger artiklen sig ind på en værdipolitisk kampplads, der er knyttet til diskussionen om, hvor mono- eller multikulturel skolens religionsundervisningen bør være, og til hvilken normativitet, der skal være fremherskende.
Bokmelding
Authors: Skeie Geir
Published: December 2020

Anmeldelse av: Olof Franck & Mikael Stenmark (red). 2019. Konstruktiv religionskritik. Filosofiska, teologiska och pedagogiska perspektiv. Stockholm: Sanoma Utbildning
The Application of Cluster Analysis for the Selection of Key Competences of Future-Oriented Entrepreneurs
Authors: Gudanowska Alicja Ewa , Kononiuk Anna , Dębkowska Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

Trends and megatrends affecting the labour market are changing rapidly. Inevitable changes force a permanent need to redefine employees' competences in order to meet employers' expectations The scientific problem raised by the authors of the article is defining a methodology of identifying competences of future-oriented entrepreneurs. The aim of the article is to present the potential of cluster analysis for the selection of key competences of future-oriented entrepreneurs in the context of foresight research. The main research methods applied for this study were literature review and cluster analysis. Literature review covered global literature review, domestic literature review, higher education offer review, commercial foresight courses review as well as case studies. Both extensive literature review and the analysis of business practices allowed to identify more than one thousand six hundred competences of a future-oriented entrepreneur. The huge amount of competences were then the subject to preliminary assessment which resulted in the list of 39 items. The application of cluster analysis enabled to further reduce the number of competences. Finally, seven competences to be mastered by future-oriented entrepreneurs could be recommended such as, but not limited to: the ability to find and interpret weak signals of change and disruptions (wild cards and abnormal phenomena); the ability to act proactively; the ability to manage change and uncertainty; the ability to run strategic foresight within organization,  the ability to create organizational vision (both collective and individual); and seeing the big picture.
Kommunikation, Kreativität, Konzept. Inszenierte Menschenfotografie unter der Oberfläche
Authors: Jerrentrup Maja Tabea
Published: December 2020

In der „Szene der inszenierte Menschenfotografie“ entfaltet die Fotografie auf mehreren Ebenen Potential, den Menschen zu mehr Wohlbefinden zu verhelfen: Durch die Notwendigkeit der Kommunikation ergibt sich zum Beispiel eine Rationalisierung und Ästhetisierung von Emotionen. Dabei wird auch gegenseitige Empathie und der Ausdruck selbiger notwendig. Die gemeinsame Kreativität wird umso wichtiger für das psychische Wohlbefinden, weil sie nicht grenzenlos sein kann, sondern auf die Realität Bezug nimmt, sich mit ihren Unzulänglichkeiten auseinandersetzt. Schließlich spielt auch das Konzept eine Rolle, zugunsten dessen die Person und ihre visuellen Eigenschaften in den Hintergrund tritt.
Das Projekt „Friedenslogik“ im Kontext der Plattform Zivile Konfliktbearbeitung
Authors: Lammers Christiane
Published: December 2020

After the end of the cold war, the clear distinction between peace and security was blurred. Political debates in Germany about peace were dominated increasingly by terms of security. Especially the concept of a broader, comprehensive, and netted security was gaining ground. Civil peace organizations reacted by developing their own concept from 2010 on, a concept that took up their experiences and that was based on the knowledge of peace science. This approach defines principles and dimensions of action that correspond to the logic of peace. It is suitable not only to align nongovernmental organizations’ work in the field, but also to reflect both state action and political concepts.
The Peace Contributions of Indigenous and Afro-Colombian Organizations within the context of the 2016 Colombian Peace Process*
Authors: Rincón Cindy Marcela Melo
Published: December 2020

Recent literature on the contribution of civil society groups to peacebuilding processes has noticeably stimulated a function-oriented approach. The present article offers a contribution to an acutely important task to examine the role of five ethnic organizations, historically committed to peace in Colombia. Using different examples and confronting the liberal and the communitarian epistemological framework, it presents the main findings of the experience of these groups within the 2016 Colombian Peace Process.
Fenómeno, trascendencia y trascendental. Reflexiones husserlianas
Authors: Rabanaque Luis Román
Published: December 2020

This text analyses the meaning that Husserl gives to the term "transcendental". To do this the author analyses Husserl's texts in two stages. First, he lists some central features that characterise the transcendental. Second, he relates these features to the phenomenological method and the notion of phenomenon. Together with this the author analyses the Kantian motifs that Husserl collects, giving an account of the critical extension that Husserl makes of them
Use and misuse of neuroscience in the philosophy of religion
Authors: Birnbacher Dieter
Published: December 2020

The article elucidates in what way neuroscience and in particular neuroimaging can contribute to the clarification and empirical underpinning of theories in the philosophy of mind and the anthropology of religion. Its initial hypothesis is that there are two principal ways in which neuroscientific data are relevant to philosophy, exhibiting the unconscious processes in the generation of phenomenal and intentional consciousness, and complementing semantic and phenomenological approaches in the analysis of complex mental phenomena. Whereas the first kind of relevance is widely recognised, contributions of neuroscientific data to the analysis of complex mental phenomena are often rejected as involving a kind of "category mistake." The article argues that imaging studies can in fact contribute to a better understanding of the nature of certain complex mental states and processes and exemplifies this by recent brain imaging studies on religious experience. Finally, theories like those of Andrew Newberg are taken to task for misrepresenting "neurotheology" as a new form of theology.
Heute Flüchtling – morgen Prekariat? Zu Kapitaleinsatz und Teilhabeeffekten von Geflüchteten aus Eritrea und Syrien beim Übergang in Arbeit
Authors: Seidelsohn Kristina , Verlage Thomas , Flick Uwe , Hirseland Andreas
Published: December 2020

Arbeitsmarktteilhabe spielt eine zentrale Rolle für gesellschaftliche Integration und soziale Anerkennung von Geflüchteten. Die Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit führt häufig zunächst nicht in stabile, existenzsichernde Vollzeitarbeitsverhältnisse, sondern in ›prekäre‹ Randgebiete des Arbeitsmarkts. Angesichts der Unterschiede der Bildungsbiographien wird in dem Beitrag untersucht, wie verschiedene Gruppen von Geflüchteten in Herkunftsländern erworbenes formelles und informelles Kapital nutzen, um Arbeit in Deutschland zu finden. An zwei Teil­samples (N=14 aus Eritrea und N=23 aus Syrien) einer laufenden Studie wird gezeigt, wie Herkunftssituationen, soziale und ethnische Zugehörigkeiten die Konvertierbarkeit ›mitgebrachten‹ und den Erwerb neuen Kapitals im Zielland moderieren können. Interviews mit arbeitsmarktbezogenen Akteur*innen beleuchten institutionelle und strukturelle Aspekte der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten. Es zeigt sich, dass neben der Relevanz einer Anerkennung von Zertifikaten aus den Herkunftsländern auch anderes (soziales, symbolisches und inkorporiertes kulturelles) Kapital für das Übergangsgeschehen und die weiteren Erwerbsverläufe von Bedeutung sind.
Mit Bildung ankommen. Wie der Bildungsanschluss neuzugewanderter Jugendlicher vor Ort gelingen kann
Authors: Haußer Corina
Published: December 2020

Der Forumsbeitrag analysiert die Anschlussfähigkeit der Bildungsangebote für Neuzugewanderte als SeiteneinsteigerInnen ins Bildungssystem. Indem der Frage nachgegangen wird, wie der Bildungsanschluss Neuzugewanderter am Übergang Schule-Beruf gelingen kann, werden die schulischen Bildungsangebote sowie die Ausbildungssituation Neuzugewanderter betrachtet und anhand bestehender Ansätze in Stuttgart illustriert. Davon ableitend werden Kernelemente für einen gelingenden Bildungsanschluss vorgestellt. Als bedeutsam wird dabei unter anderem die kommunale Koordinierung und Vernetzung hervorgehoben, die anhand konkreter Beispiele veranschaulicht wird.
Bürgerschaftliches Engagement als Chance? Integrative Wirkung von Freiwilligendiensten und ehrenamtlicher Tätigkeit von Geflüchteten in Sachsen
Authors: Röder Anne
Published: December 2020

Der Arbeiterwohlfahrt Landesverband Sachsen hat sich als Mitgliederverband und Koordinierungsstelle für Freiwilligendienste zum Ziel gesetzt, Geflüchtete als Zielgruppe für soziales Engagement zu gewinnen und ihnen darüber eine aktive Partizipation am gesellschaftlichen Leben in Sachsen zu ermöglichen. Anhand einer qualitativen Studie sollen die Rahmenbedingungen der sozialen Integration von Geflüchteten sowie der interkulturellen Öffnung von Einrichtungen mittels bürgerschaftlichen Engagements eruiert werden. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Teilhabechancen engagierter Geflüchteter verbessern und dass freiwilliges Engagement eine Brücke in den Arbeitsmarkt darstellen kann.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: December 2020

Purdue acquires Dorothy Kilgallen collectionMLS funds five pandemic response, professional development, digital inclusion projectsANSS seeks feedback on draft Framework for Information Literacy in SociologyLaw Library of Congress becomes GPO preservation stewardProject MUSE announces new books collectionsGale Case Studies focus on social justice issuesThe HAT Archive highlights haberdashery
Asynchronizing with the Framework: Reflections on the process of creating an asynchronous library assignment for a first-year writing class
Authors: Aldred B. Grantham
Published: December 2020

As many of yours surely have, my institution, the University of Illinois-Chicago (UIC), moved at great speed to adapt to the need for online instruction this fall. This has proved a challenge for library instruction, to put it mildly. Our library instruction has almost exclusively been in-person, on-site, and live, and the switch to online and hybrid course delivery has made all of those aspects difficult, especially when it comes to courses offered asynchronously, where students engage with course content at different points in time within a given timeframe.
The Community-Led Open Publication Infrastructures for Monographs (COPIM) project: A transformative open access monograph initiative
Authors: Barnes Sherri L.
Published: December 2020

The open access (OA) movement was taking libraries by storm, and scholarly communication librarianship was trending in 2009 when I was the coordinator of the Humanities Collection Group (Huma) at the University of California-Santa Barbara (UCSB). All of the buzz centered on STEM journals and commercial publishers. The Huma librarians—subject librarians for the humanities—were curious about how the OA movement and scholarly communication issues impacted the humanities.
Creating an asset map for student and community success: Finding our strengths through a campus partnership
Authors: Gill Dragan
Published: December 2020

Rhode Island College (RIC) has a history of collaboration both across campus departments and within the larger Providence and Rhode Island community. These partnerships are an essential factor in student success and ensuring students access to available resources and opportunities. RIC’s librarians, with faculty status and liaison duties, are frequently well positioned to facilitate collaboration by both acting as a connection between departments and leveraging our expertise in data management. In 2012 and 2013, RIC began two initiatives: The Rhode Island College Central Falls Innovation Lab (Lab) and Learning for Life (L4L).
Technical services librarians and outreach: Communicating our value to engage students in critical thinking about information
Authors: Harrington Caitlin , Scott Rachel E.
Published: December 2020

The work of technical services is often invisible to users, even as it ensures their seamless discovery of and access to curated content. In order to address the invisibility of their work, technical services librarians in academic library settings increasingly seek opportunities to communicate its importance and impact on student learning and engagement. Initiatives to make the work of technical services visible increasingly appear in the scholarly literature and in academic library outreach.
Updates in the Management of CLL/SLL: Sequencing Therapy and the Role of Minimal Residual Disease Testing
Authors: Wierda William G.
Published: December 2020

Progress in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma has led to a renewed focus on minimal residual disease as a treatment endpoint, particularly in assessing survival outcomes with combination therapies. B-cell receptor signaling pathway inhibitor monotherapy is associated with low rates of undetectable minimal residual disease, and continued treatment is still required; however, BCL-2 inhibitor therapy with venetoclax is associated with high rates of undetectable minimal residual disease, as are new combinations with BCL-2 inhibitors. Early research indicates that BCL-2 inhibitors may be an effective treatment option for disease that is refractory to Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor therapy.
Græder ”Etnografen […] Taarer af Blod”?
Authors: Henschen Daniel
Published: December 2020

Artiklen undersøger forholdet mellem den danske missionsbevægelse og dansk antropologi fra ca. 1900 frem til anden verdenskrig.
Indicadores de empleabilidad: de la inclusión al desarrollo de las carreras laborales
Authors: Llinares-Insa Lucía , Córdoba-Iñesta Ana Isabel , Zacarés-González Juan José , González-Navarro Pilar
Published: December 2020

De la misma forma que la educación tiene la responsabilidad de fomentar la inserción laboral, la empleabilidad está reconocida como una competencia para el logro y mantenimiento del empleo, es por ello que, la empleabilidad es un eje central en la educación. En la Declaración de Incheon y el Objetivo 4 de Educación 2030 de Desarrollo Sostenible se destaca la importancia de las competencias básicas para hacer frente a la vulnerabilidad social y con el fin de conseguir el pleno empleo. Sin embargo, en la literatura científica sobre empleabilidad no hay acuerdo sobre los indicadores que la integran. Nuestro objetivo es delimitar qué indicadores resultan relevantes para el desarrollo de la empleabilidad. Para ello, analizamos los indicadores de empleabilidad que utilizan 30 empresas de inserción (EI) españolas para la realización de los itinerarios formativos de los trabajadores de inserción (PTI). Los resultados muestran una gran heterogeneidad de indicadores. La mayoría de ellos son características individuales, en menor medida hemos encontrado circunstancias personales y prácticamente inexistentes aparecen factores contextuales. Este artículo finaliza resaltando el vínculo formación-trabajo y la formación integral de la persona.
A new method for calculating vorticity
Authors: Cai Qi-Fa  , Huang Si-Xun  , Gao Shou-Ting  , Zhong Ke  , Li Zi-Qiang  ,   (1)解放军理工大学气象学院,南京  211101; (2)中国海洋大学,青岛  266003; (3)中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京  100029; (4)中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京  100029；解放军理工大学气象学院,南京  211101
Published: December 2020

It is well known that it often leads to large error to calculate the first order partial derivatives of physical quantities by the difference method from observation data with error. Especially in meteorology, observational wind has large error, and calculating vorticity from observational wind is very inaccurate. Therefore, one-dimensional numerical differentiation algorithm is applied to calculate vorticity from observational wind, and the result is compared with that of the central difference method. It turns out that the one-dimensional numerical differentiation algorithm is stable and feasible. Its accuracy is superior to the central difference method, and it has stronger recognizing ability for the smaller-scale weather systems.
Two-sex epidemic spreading on bipartite scale-free networks
Authors: Wen Luo-Sheng  , Yang Xiao-Fan  , Zhong Jiang  ,   (1)重庆大学计算机科学学院,重庆  400044; (2)重庆大学数理学院,重庆  400044
Published: December 2020

Applying the SIS (susceptible-infected-susceptible) model, we study the epidemic spreading on the web of human sexual contacts. When only heterosexual contacts are considered, the web is a bipartite scale-free network. By using the rate equation approach, we analyze the relation between epidemic threshold and infection rates of female-to-male and male-to-female. We find that the ratio of infected female density to infected male density is determined by the topology of the network and the proportion between infection rates of females and males. This demonstrates the importance of the topology of network. Finally, we present numerical simulation results that support the analytic results.
Significantly improved charge deposit properties of the cellular polypropylene film modified by gaseous fluorine
Authors: An Zhen-Lian  , Zhao Min  , Tang Min-Min  , Yang Qiang  , Xia Zhong-Fu  ,   同济大学波耳固体物理研究所，上海  200092
Published: December 2020

Fluorination modification and electret properties were studied on the cellular polypropylene (PP) films modified by gaseous fluorine by attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared analysis and the measurment of open-circuit thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) current，in situ TSD charge and isothermal charge decay. The results showed that the PP cellular films，especially the preoxidized ones，can be effectively fluorinated by gaseous fluorine，and that charge storage thermal stability of the fluorinated films，especially the fluorinated preoxidized ones，is significantly improved compared with that of the virginal PP film，even under conditions of negative pressure with a low partial pressure of gaseous fluorine，low reaction temperature about 60℃ and short reaction time of 15min.
Free energy method and the melting point of aluminum under the zero pressure
Authors: Lin Jie  , Liu Shao-Jun  , Li Rong-Wu  , Zhu Wen-Jun  ,   (1)北京师范大学物理系，北京  100875; (2)中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

In this paper，free energy method is used to calculate the melting poing of Al. We adopt the Lennard-Jones (LJ) liquid as the reference system and compare the calculated results with that of Mei，Davenport，and Morris et al. The calculated results show: (1) Using the LJ reference system，the CPU-time consumed for molecular dynamics simulation is reduced to one half of that of Mei，Davenport，and Morris et al while the results are the same; (2) Errors exist in calculated values of melting point in all molecular dynamics simulations using different versions of empirical embedded-atom-model potentials (EAM). For the metal Al，the calculated result using Cai's EAM potential is improved a little comparing with that using EAM potentials in the simulations of Mei，Davenport，and Morris et al.
Calculation of half-lives of heavy cluster emission for heavy nuclei
Authors: Zhang Gao-Long  , Le Xiao-Yun  , Liu Hao  ,   (1)北京航空航天大学理学院物理系，北京  100191; (2)兰州商学院物理实验室，兰州  730020
Published: December 2020

Half-lives of heavy cluster （14C-34Si） emission for heavy nuclei are theoretically calculated in the frame of WKB approximation. The microscopic nuclear potential between heavy cluster and residual nuclei for parent nuclei is obtained by double-folding process by using density-dependent nucleon-nucleon interaction with zero-range exchange term. The results are compared with those of liquid-drop model, systematic formula and experimental data.It is obvious that the present calculation can successfully give the lifetimes of heavy cluster（14C-34Si） emission for heavy nuclei. It also provides reasonable prediction for the other heavy cluster（15N, 46Ar and 48Ca, etc.） emission for some nuclei.
Experimental study of near wall region flow control by dielectric barrier discharge plasma
Authors: Li Gang  , Li Yi-Ming  , Xu Yan-Ji  , Zhang Yi  , Li Han-Ming  , Nie Chao-Qun  , Zhu Jun-Qiang  ,   (1)北京提赛流速测量研究中心,北京  100871; (2)中国科学院工程热物理研究所先进能源动力实验室,北京  100190; (3)中国科学院物理研究所光物理实验室,北京  100190
Published: December 2020

Flow field induced by the plasma actuator in quiescent air was measured by particle image velocimetry system. Boundary layer flow control in flat plate by the plasma actuator was investigated experimentally. Experimental results showed that the relation between exciting voltage and induced velocity magnitude was linear, but the influence of supply frequency was not evident. Mechanisms of plasma flow control were preliminarily ascertained to be results of collisions and temperature increase. Numerical simulation results showed that the thermal effect of the plasma was evident without incoming velocity. Methods of increasing plasma actuator's intensity were introduced briefly.
High resolution fast digital photoacoustic CT for breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Xiang Liang-Zhong  , Xing Da  , Guo Hua  , Yang Si-Hua  ,   华南师范大学激光生命科学研究所、暨激光生命科学教育部重点实验室，广州  510631
Published: December 2020

Photoacoustic imaging combines advantages of both ultrasound imaging and optical imaging to provide high ultrasonic resolution and high optical contrast in noninvasive medical images. A photoacoustic computer tomography （PCT） system with a focused digital phased array transducer is proposed. In particular each element of the transducer array has a thin cylindrical ultrasonic lens to select 2D image plane and suppress the out-of-plane signals to realize photoacoustic computed tomography. A fast full-view photoacoustic imaging system for visualizing tissue structures using a linear transducer array with combined scan, whies; detects photoacoustic signals by combined electronic and mechanical scanning. An improved limited-field filtered back projection algorithm with directivity factors was applied to reconstruct the optical absorption distribution and further improve the lateral resolution. In the experiment, the spatial resolution of this imaging system is determined as 0.2mm, and the slice resolution of Z axis is 1.5mm. Mechanical step scanning was performed, leading to a measurement time of 6.4 seconds per position, and a total scan duration of 150 seconds to obtain the two-dimensional photoacoustic image. High spatial resolution of 2D photoacoustic vascular image and quasi-3D photoacoustic CT for breast cancer imaging are achicned. The experimental results demonstrate that this method and imaging system can realize the high resolution photoacoustic tomography wtich can be applied to noninvasive detection of early breast cancer.
Threshold voltage model of strained Si channel nMOSFET
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Feng  , Zhang He-Ming  , Hu Hui-Yong  , Xuan Rong-Xi  , Song Jian-Jun  ,   西安电子科技大学微电子学院，宽禁带半导体材料与器件教育部重点实验室，西安   710071
Published: December 2020

The model of nMOSFET threshold voltage was established based on study of voltage distribution in strained Si film,which was grown on relaxed SiGe virtual substrate.The model was analyzed with reasonable parameters, and the dependence of threshold voltage on Ge fraction and channel doping was revealed. The dependence of threshold voltage shift on Ge fraction was also obtained. The relationship between threshold voltage and strained Si layer thickness and doping was studied. The results indicates, the threshold voltage increases with increasing doping concentrations of relaxed SiGe layer, decreases with increasing Ge fraction of relaxed SiGe layer, and increases with increasing strained Si layer thickness. This threshold voltage model provides valuable reference to the strained-Si device design.
Snapping Plantaris Tendon as Cause of Pain in an Amateur Runner: A Case Report
Authors: Miadlikowski Michal , Kaluza Konrad , Domzalski Marcin
Published: December 2020

A rare case of painful snapping around the Achilles tendon without reported injury in a healthy 30-year-old male amateur runner is reported. The plantaris tendon was firmly attached to the Achilles tendon by adhesions, and its movement was restricted and impaired. All adhesions were removed and the plantaris tendon was liberated during surgery, with an excellent outcome. This case showed that previously described removal of the snapping tendon is not necessary because liberation of the plantaris tendon restored function of both the plantaris and the Achilles tendons.
Attrition in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency
Authors: Meyr Andrew J. , Magodia Spruha
Published: December 2020

Background

The objective of this study was to investigate the rate of attrition within podiatric medicine and surgery residency training programs.

Methods

Between the academic years 2006–2007 and 2015–2016, the Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine matched 780 graduates into 163 different residency training programs. Program directors from these sites were individually contacted by e-mail and asked whether the specific Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine graduates who originally matched with their program 1) completed the program, 2) transferred to another program, 3) quit the program, or 4) were fired from the program.

Results

Results were returned with respect to 614 (78.7%) of the 780 graduates, representing 103 (63.2%) of the 163 training programs. Program directors reported that 573 (93.3%) of the 614 graduates completed the program, 17 (2.8%) transferred from the program, six (1.0%) quit the program, five (0.8%) were fired by the program, and 13 (2.1%) matched but never started the program. This equates to an annual attrition rate of 0.46% for residents who started the podiatric residency training program that they matched with.

Conclusions

We conclude that the rate of attrition in podiatric medicine and surgery residency training appears to be relatively low or at least in line with other medical specialties, and hope that this information leads to other investigations examining attrition, specifically as it relates to physician-specific and program-specific risk factors for attrition.
Multi-year pair-bonding in Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii)
Authors: Couch Alan J. , Dyer Fiona , Lintermans Mark
Published: December 2020

Mating strategies in fishes are known to include polygyny, polyandry and monogamy and provide valuable insights regarding powerful evolutionary forces such as sexual selection. Monogamy is a complex of mating systems that has been relatively neglected. Previous work on mating strategies in fishes has often been based on observation and focused on marine species rather than freshwater fishes. SNPs are increasingly being used as a molecular ecology tool in non-model organisms, and methods of probabilistic genetic analysis of such datasets are becoming available for use in the absence of parental genotypes. This approach can be used to infer mating strategies. The long-term pair bonding seen in mammals, reptiles and birds has not been recorded in freshwater fishes—in every other respect an extremely diverse group. This study shows that multi-year pair bonding occurs in an Australian Percichthyid fish that exhibits paternal care of eggs and larvae. Using SNPs, full sibling pairs of larvae were found over multiple years in a three-year study. Stable isotope signatures of the larvae support the genetic inference that full sibling pairs shared a common mother, the ultimate source of that isotopic signature during oogenesis. Spatial and temporal clustering also suggests that the full sibling larvae are unlikely to be false positive identifications of the probabilistic identification of siblings. For the first time, we show multi-year pair bonding in a wild freshwater fish. This will have important conservation and management implications for the species. This approach could provide insights into many behavioural, ecological and evolutionary questions, particularly if this is not a unique case. Our findings are likely to initiate interest in seeking more examples of monogamy and alternative mating strategies in freshwater fishes, particularly if others improve methods of analysis of SNP data for identification of siblings in the absence of parental genotypes.
Association between mandatory health examination attendance and diabetes treatment initiation among employees being treated for hypertension
Authors: Yamana Hayato , Ono Sachiko , Okada Akira , Jo Taisuke , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: December 2020

Objectives

It is unclear whether mandatory health examination is effective for employees who are already being treated for chronic diseases. We focused on patients being treated for hypertension and evaluated the association between employer-based health examination attendance and diabetes treatment initiation.

Methods

Using a database that stores health insurance claims and health examination results of subscribers enrolled in society-managed health insurance plans in Japan, we identified employees aged 40-59 years who were being treated for hypertension when starting diabetes treatment from April 2012 to December 2016. A case-crossover analysis was conducted using 90, 180, and 270 days prior to diabetes treatment initiation as reference points and 90 days after the mandatory health examination as the exposure period. We conducted a subgroup analysis by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and frequency of outpatient blood glucose testing before the mandatory health examination.

Results

We identified 1464 individuals starting treatment for diabetes while on antihypertensive drugs. The overall odds ratio for starting diabetes treatment within 90 days of the health examination was 1.89 (95% confidence interval: 1.70-2.10). The subgroup analysis showed that this odds ratio increased as HbA1c level increased and as blood glucose testing frequency decreased.

Conclusions

Among employees starting treatment for diabetes while being treated for hypertension, employer-based mandatory health examination attendance was associated with initiation of diabetes treatment. The health examinations may be functioning as a complement to screening in outpatient settings.
MR‐guided 125I seed implantation treatment for maxillofacial malignant tumor
Authors: Wang Ying , Kang Peng , He Wei , Li Rui
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study assessed the therapeutic efficacy of postoperative magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided interstitial 125I seed implantation for treatment of oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors.

Methods and Materials

A total of 127 patients with oral or maxillofacial malignant tumors were included in this study who received interstitial 125I treatment after the surgery resection. Before implantation, all the patients received MR scans to assess the lesion scope, extent, and nature. 125I implantation target regions were based on the pre‐operative imaging. 125I seeds were delivered to target regions via puncture needles under the real‐time guidance of MR. Computed tomography (CT)or MR was performed immediately after implantation and again every 3 months later.

Results

After successful 125I implantation, all patients were also examined regularly to detect tumor recurrence, lymphatic, and distant metastases. To date, CT or MR verification showed that 13/127 patients experienced tumor recurrence or lymphatic metastasis or distant metastasis. No seeds migration was observed, no serious treatment‐related complications affected patient quality of life, and no important organ (such as major cervical vessels, spinal cord, etc.) injuries were observed.

Conclusion

Our results show that MR‐guided 125I implantation is an effective approach to site‐specific treatment for oral and maxillofacial tumor, which could potentially reduce postoperative complications and tumor recurrence rates, increase patient survival, and improve quality of life.
Validity of content‐based techniques for credibility assessment—How telling is an extended meta‐analysis taking research bias into account?
Authors: Oberlader Verena A. , Quinten Laura , Banse Rainer , Volbert Renate , Schmidt Alexander F. , Schönbrodt Felix D.
Published: December 2020

Content‐based techniques for credibility assessment (Criteria‐Based Content Analysis [CBCA], Reality Monitoring [RM]) have been shown to distinguish between experience‐based and fabricated statements in previous meta‐analyses. New simulations raised the question whether these results are reliable revealing that using meta‐analytic methods on biased datasets lead to false‐positive rates of up to 100%. By assessing the performance of and applying different bias‐correcting meta‐analytic methods on a set of 71 studies we aimed for more precise effect size estimates. According to the sole bias‐correcting meta‐analytic method that performed well under a priori specified boundary conditions, CBCA and RM distinguished between experience‐based and fabricated statements. However, great heterogeneity limited precise point estimation (i.e., moderate to large effects). In contrast, Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN)—another content‐based technique tested—failed to discriminate between truth and lies. It is discussed how the gap between research on and forensic application of content‐based credibility assessment may be narrowed.
Complex Hollow Bowl‐Like Nanostructures: Synthesis, Application, and Perspective
Authors: Liang Jin , Kou Huari , Ding Shujiang
Published: December 2020

Contourable design and synthesis in nanomaterial morphology are among the most attractive fields in material science. Among the various nanomaterials, hollow bowl‐like nanomaterials have shown promising potential and achieved great success in many different domains, such as lithium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and electro‐ and photochemical catalysts. The unique physicochemical properties of hollow bowl‐like nanomaterials have attracted enormous interest from scientists worldwide. Here, recent researches into bowl‐like nanomaterials, including: (i) synthesis methods, such as the no‐template, no‐patchy template, and patchy template methods; (ii) applications in lithium/sodium/potassium ion‐based batteries, microwave absorption, water‐splitting reactions, and so on are reviewed; and (iii) the problems and challenges are also discussed.
Conductive Composite Fiber with Optimized Alignment Guides Neural Regeneration under Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Xi , Wang Chenyu , Li Feihan , Qiao Ziwen , Zeng Liangdan , Wang Zhonghan , Liu He , Ding Jianxun , Yang Huanghao
Published: December 2020

Conductivity and alignment of scaffolds are two primary factors influencing the efficacy of nerve repair. Herein, conductive composite fibers composed of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different orientation degrees are prepared by electrospinning at various rotational speeds (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 rpm), and meanwhile the synergistic promotion mechanism of aligned topography and electrical stimulation on neural regeneration is fully demonstrated. Under an optimized rotational speed of 1000 rpm, the electrospun PCL fiber exhibits orientated structure at macroscopic (mean deviation angle = 2.78°) or microscopic crystal scale (orientation degree = 0.73), decreased contact angle of 99.2° ± 4.9°, and sufficient tensile strength in both perpendicular and parallel directions to fiber axis (1.13 ± 0.15 and 5.06 ± 0.98 MPa). CNTs are introduced into the aligned fiber for further improving conductivity (15.69–178.63 S m−1), which is beneficial to the oriented growth of neural cells in vitro as well as the regeneration of injured sciatic nerves in vivo. On the basis of robust cell induction behavior, optimum sciatic nerve function index, and enhanced remyelination/axonal regeneration, such conductive PCL/CNTs composite fiber with optimized fiber alignment may serve as instructive candidates for promoting the scaffold‐ and cell‐based strategies for neural repair.