bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards future politics of the cybersphere: China’s temporal-spatial governance of digital transition
Authors: Hong Yu , Wei Yiran
Published: April 2022

Digital transition, or the shifting assemblage of the cybersphere, is a primary dimension of global transition. And China is a key driver therein, rendering the party-state's stance the starting place to trace transitions. This paper begins an effort to follow unfolding transitions. It highlights the governance of transition with a focus on the emergent cybersphere. By interpreting the 14th Five-Year Plan (FYP), the planning instrument that expresses the party state's decree for direction and strategy and, just as important, analyzing the framing contexts, processes, and projects, we probe the ordering of the present and the future, the national and the transnational, and, ultimately, the power geometrics of the cybersphere, as externalized through policy words and deeds.
Measuring the diffusion of conspiracy theories in digital information ecologies
Authors: Heft Annett , Buehling Kilian
Published: April 2022

Digital platforms and media are fertile breeding grounds for disinformation and conspirational views. They provide a variety of communication venues for a mixed set of actors and foster the diffusion of content between actor groups, across platforms and media, and across languages and geographical spaces. Understanding those diffusion processes requires approaches to measure the prevalence and spread of communicative acts within and across digital platforms. Given the increasing access to digital data, computational methods provide new possibilities to capture this spread and do justice to the interrelated nature and hybridity of online communication. Against this background, the paper focuses on the spread of conspiracy theories in digital information ecologies. It provides a review of recent methodological approaches to measuring conspiracy-related content online regarding the (a) prevalence and (b) diffusion of conspiracy theories. To that end, the paper differentiates between social network analysis approaches and computational techniques of automated text classification. It further discusses how far these and related computational approaches could facilitate studying the diffusion of conspiracy theories across different actor types, languages, topics and platforms. In doing so, it takes the specific nature of online communication and challenges in the field of conspiracy-related content into account.
Manifestations of circulatory assist devices in noninvasive arterial duplex evaluation: A pictorial review
Authors: Nasser Mohamed Farhan , Tran Michael , Jabri Ahmad , Evans Natalie S , Mahlay Natalia Fendrikova
Published: April 2022

Spectral Doppler and plethysmographic waveforms vary significantly in the presence of circulatory assist devices. Understanding the effect these devices have on the waveforms and flow characteristics is necessary for the appropriate interpretation of duplex ultrasound and other noninvasive vascular studies. We review the different arterial waveforms that can be seen with circulatory assist devices.
Elevated lipoprotein (a) levels and risk of peripheral artery disease outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Masson Walter , Lobo Martín , Barbagelata Leandro , Molinero Graciela , Bluro Ignacio , Nogueira Juan P
Published: April 2022

Background:

Despite strong association of elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) levels with incident coronary and cerebrovascular disease, data for incident peripheral artery disease (PAD) are less robust. The main objective of the present systematic review was to analyze the association between elevated Lp(a) levels and PAD outcomes.

Methods:

This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed to detect randomized clinical trials or observational studies with a cohort design that evaluated the association between Lp(a) levels and PAD outcomes.

Results:

Fifteen studies including 493,650 subjects were identified and considered eligible for this systematic review. This systematic review showed that the vast majority of the studies reported a significant association between elevated Lp(a) levels and the risk of PAD outcomes. The elevated Lp(a) levels were associated with a higher risk of incident claudication (RR: 1.20), PAD progression (HR: 1.41), restenosis (HR: 6.10), death and hospitalization related to PAD (HR: 1.37), limb amputation (HR: 22.75), and lower limb revascularization (HR: 1.29 and 2.90). In addition, the presence of elevated Lp(a) values were associated with a higher risk of combined PAD outcomes, with HRs in a range between 1.14 and 2.80, despite adjusting for traditional risk factors. Heterogeneity of results can be explained by different patient populations studied and varying Lp(a) cut-off points of Lp(a) analyzed.

Conclusion:

This systematic review suggests that evidence is available to support an independent positive association between Lp(a) levels and the risk of future PAD outcomes. PROSPERO Registration No.: 289253.
The association of attachment, mentalization and reflective functioning with mental health in gender diverse children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Caldarera Angela M , Vitiello Benedetto , Turcich Camilla , Bechis Daniela , Baietto Chiara
Published: April 2022

Gender diverse children (here defined as minors under 18) face greater risk for depression, anxiety and suicidality than their cisgender peers. This situation calls for research on protective factors of mental health in this population, and on appropriate therapeutic and supportive interventions. This systematic review aimed at (1) examining literature on the role of attachment, mentalization and reflective functioning in protecting mental health of gender diverse children and identifying the mental health outcomes that have been assessed; and (2) outlining interventions based on attachment, mentalization and reflective functioning that have been proposed. The work was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Fifty-one studies were identified and 9 met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that, besides a general protective role for mental health, attachment, mentalization and reflective functioning moderate and mediate, through different pathways, (1) the association between gender diversity and emotional/behavioural problems; and (2) the negative effects of minority stress. Mentalization seems to be an individual resilience factor; the capacity of the caregiver to serve as a secure base and validate the internal experience of incongruence of the child promote a healthy psychological development. Three levels of action for interventions were identified: individual, family and community.
A poetic inquiry into a Japanese pre-service teacher’s English language learning trajectory: Pedagogical and methodological implications for teacher education
Authors: Iida Atsushi
Published: April 2022

This qualitative, case-study research explores the English language learning history of a Japanese pre-service teacher by analysing five English-language poems and a self-reflective essay regarding her experiences of learning the target language. The methodology chosen in this study was a poetic inquiry through which the investigator reconstructed and analysed the writer’s subject position expressed in the actual descriptions of each poem. The self-reflection essay was also thematically analysed to examine how the participant saw and understood her learning experiences. Research findings showed that the poems illustrated here expressed both positive and negative emotions concerning her personally meaningful experiences of learning English as well as presented her identities as a second language (L2) learner and an L2 user. This study also revealed that, from a future English teacher’s viewpoint, she described in the essay some potential problems of teaching English in the classroom in response to her L2 learning experiences. Overall, the task of poetry writing was a meaningful literacy and reflective practice through which the participant was able to reconsider her L2 learning experiences and explore more effective ways to learn English as a life-long learner. In addition, she could benefit from these experiences in her role as a future language teacher.
Stigmas that matter: Diffracting marketing stigma theoretics
Authors: Bettany Shona , Coffin Jack , Eichert Christian , Rowe David
Published: April 2022

The rich tradition of stigma theoretics in marketing and consumer research develops understanding of consumer stigma management, mitigated via marketing-mediated solutions, broadly within a Goffmanian liberal frame. However, building on classic liberal formulations of stigma, sociologists of stigma further examine the impact of the neoliberal political economy in terms of where stigma is produced, by whom and for what purposes. Using the empirical illustration of the emergence of HIV PreExposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), this paper seeks to develop these stigma theoretics towards the concept of stigma diffraction exploring the multiple stigma effects that can be identified and conceptualised through a diffractive lens. This encompasses and theorises beyond traditionally stigmatised contexts, groups and individuals to conceptualise a dynamic and diverse field of ‘stigmas that matter’.
Research on a novel maritime emergency search system
Authors: Chen Mingzhang , Zhangchen Xinfei , Xiong Xiaoshuang , Liu Xunchen , Zhang Xuancheng , Wang Zeming , Han Gailin
Published: April 2022

With the continuous development of the marine economy and the inland river transport, traditional vessels supervision methods have the shortcomings of short supervision range, small supervision scope, and high cost, which make it difficult to meet the requirements of modern maritime supervision. This paper proposes a novel maritime emergency search system based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and its landing platform. The system takes the base station with the cruise UAV, as the base point. Subsequently, TDMA system networking technology and wireless bridge communication technology are used to set up a local area network. Then, the improved three-dimensional raster processing is used to search the target waters. After that, several algorithms such as area optimization based on image filtering are applied to classify, integrate, and fit the waters. In addition, the base station distribution scheme and the emergency equipment intelligent management system software are designed to achieve more efficient and convenient management of the system. The system realizes unmanned, visualized, and normalized monitoring and management of the target waters through the coupling of UAV, aerial protection base stations and control terminals, and provides more detailed and accurate information for the development of search and rescue work.
Celiac Artery Coverage After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Procedure: A Meta-Analysis of Early and Late Results
Authors: Mezzetto Luca , Mastrorilli Davide , Bravo Giulia , Scorsone Lorenzo , Gennai Stefano , Leone Nicola , D’Oria Mario , Veraldi Edoardo , Veraldi Gian Franco
Published: April 2022

Background/aim:

Clinical outcomes of celiac artery (CA) coverage during aortic procedures are often contradicting and the fate of this additional maneuver is still unclear. This study summarizes the results of available literature and aims to clarify the impact of CA coverage during thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) in patients with inadequate distal sealing zone.

Methods:

Prospective and retrospective, observational original articles focused on CA coverage during elective/urgent TEVAR for descending thoracic aortic pathology (DTAP) were included. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database were examined to identify articles published from January 2007 to December 2020, according to PRISMA guidelines. Early and late visceral (any sign or symptom reported) and neurological (both transient and permanent) complications were considered as primary outcomes. Onset of any endoleak, type IB endoleak, need of reintervention, and TEVAR-related mortality were considered as secondary outcomes.

Results:

A total of 5618 articles were extracted for analysis and 13 studies were finally included in the synthesis. A total of 178 CAs were covered during 2653 TEVAR (7%). Spinal cord ischemia was 8% (95% CI, 5–14%, I2 0%) Any endoleak and type IB endoleak was observed in 12% (95% CI, 6–21%, I2 17%) and 5% (95% CI, 2–11%, I2 0%), respectively. Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair-related reoperation was necessary in 8% (95% CI, 4–14%, I2 0%), the majority of which (14/18, 78%) performed for distal sealing failure; mortality rate was 9% (95% CI, 5–14%, I2 0%). Out of 178 patients, 168 (94%) were available for follow-up, ranged 12 to 42 months. Visceral complications, any endoleak, and type IB endoleak were identified in 15% (95% CI, 10–23%, I2 45%), 20% (95% CI, 13–29%, I2 8%), and 8% (95% CI, 4–15%, I2 0%), respectively. Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair-related reintervention was required in 8% (95% CI, 4–14%, I2 0%). Mortality rate was 17% (95% CI, 12–25%, I2 4%).

Conclusions:

Celiac artery coverage in DTAP should be regarded as a “bailout” procedure especially in urgent/emergent settings but requires caution in elective cases. Even if transient visceral ischemia is frequent, life-threatening complications are rare. Early and late mortality rates are similar to standard TEVAR although the risk of type IB endoleak and reintervention may be an issue.
Carotid Restenosis Rate After Stenting for Primary Lesions Versus Restenosis After Endarterectomy With Creation of Risk Index
Authors: Tanaskovic Slobodan , Sagic Dragan , Radak Djordje , Antonic Zelimir , Kovacevic Vladimir , Vukovic Mira , Aleksic Nikola , Radak Sandra , Nenezic Dragoslav , Cvetkovic Slobodan , Isenovic Esma , Vucurevic Goran , Lozuk Branko , Babic Aleksandar , Babic Srdjan , Matic Predrag , Gajin Predrag , Unic-Stojanovic Dragana , Ilijevski Nenad
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an option for carotid restenosis (CR) treatment with favorable outcomes. However, CAS has also emerged as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for the management of patients with primary carotid stenosis. This study aimed to report CR rates after CAS was performed in patients with primary lesions versus restenosis after CEA, to identify predictors of CR, and to report both neurological and overall outcomes.

Materials and methods:

From January 2000 to September 2018, a total of 782 patients were divided into 2 groups: The CAS (prim) group consisted of 440 patients in whom CAS was performed for primary lesions, and the CAS (res) group consisted of 342 patients with CAS due to restenosis after CEA. Indications for CAS were symptomatic stenosis/restenosis >70% and asymptomatic stenosis/restenosis >85%. A color duplex scan (CDS) of carotid arteries was performed 6 months after CAS, after 1 year, and annually afterward. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 88 months, with a mean follow-up of 34.6±18.0 months.

Results:

There were no differences in terms of CR rate between the patients in the CAS (prim) and CAS (res) groups (8.7% vs 7.2%, χ2=0.691, p=0.406). The overall CR rate was 7.9%, whereas significant CR (>70%) rate needing re-intervention was 5.6%, but there was no difference between patients in the CAS (prim) and CAS (res) groups (6.4% vs 4.7%, p=0.351). Six independent predictors for CR were smoking, associated previous myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, plaque morphology, spasm after CAS, the use of FilterWire or Spider Fx cerebral protection devices, and time after stenting. A carotid restenosis risk index (CRRI) was created based on these predictors and ranged from –7 (minimal risk) to +10 (maximum risk); patients with a score >–4 were at increased risk for CR. There were no differences in terms of neurological and overall morbidity and mortality between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

There was no difference in CR rate after CAS between the patients with primary stenosis and restenosis after CEA. A CRRI score >–4 is a criterion for identifying high-risk patients for post-CAS CR that should be tested in future randomized trials.
Music Education and “Music for Uniting the Americas”
Authors: Bannerman Julie K.
Published: April 2022

The field of music education was engaged in unprecedented cross-cultural efforts with Latin American music educators and Latin American music during the period between 1939 and 1946. These inter-American efforts related to the Good Neighbor policies with an emphasis on education and culture in diplomacy. Music educators collaborated with governmental and non-governmental organizations to undertake activities including the development of curricular materials incorporating Latin American music for use in US schools and participating in person-to-person exchanges between American and Latin American music educators. The two genres of music deemed appropriate for schools, folk music and art music, were reinforced in the inter-American educational projects. This combination of efforts to diversify curricular materials and cross-cultural exchanges provided new opportunities for assessing the representation of Latin American musical cultures in US music education.
Isolated Mycotic Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysm Treated With a Combined Endovascular Stenting and Percutaneous Drainage Approach: A Case Report and Review of Current Literature
Authors: Yen Min Madeline Chee , Pei Shi Lew , Lim Darryl
Published: April 2022

Background

Isolated mycotic internal iliac artery aneurysms are rare and management of these patients can be complex.

Case summary

We present a rare case of isolated mycotic right internal iliac artery aneurysm caused by Salmonella enteritides. This was managed in stages – with intravenous antibiotics, followed by endovascular stenting and embolization, and subsequent percutaneous drainage of the remnant collection. The patient had no perioperative complications, and has remained well at more than 18 months post-operatively with no evidence of stent infection.

Conclusion

A minimally-invasive approach combining endovascular aneurysm repair and percutaneous drainage is a viable option in the management of a mycotic internal iliac artery aneurysm.
Development of the Japanese Version of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey
Authors: Kawakatsu Yuki , Yokoi Kayoko , Tanno Katsuko , Eakman Aaron M. , Hirayama Kazumi
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

To create a Japanese version of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey (EMAS) and assess internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent and structural validity.

Method:

We conducted a cultural translation and validation study of the Japanese version of the EMAS (EMAS-J) in a sample of 96 community-dwelling older adults in the Tohoku Region of Japan.

Results:

Internal consistency of the EMAS-J (α = .91) was very good. Low to moderate correlations were found with indicators of health-related quality of life, depression, and life purpose and meaning. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure within the EMAS-J; cultural differences in item-factor composition compared with previously reported EMAS factor structures are discussed.

Implications:

The EMAS-J is a reliable and valid assessment of engagement in meaningful activities for older adults in Japan. The assessment can be used to evaluate the effects of occupation-based interventions upon health and well-being.
“Neuroscience” models of institutional conflict under fog, friction, and adversarial intent
Authors: Wallace Rodrick
Published: April 2022

Adapting recent formal perspectives on shared interbrain activity in social communication, we explore a model of “East Asian” implication of an effect on an adversary, and take a general approach to degrading an opponent’s rate of cognition. These developments represent surprisingly routine application of the asymptotic limit theorems of information and control theories to organized conflict, modified by the necessity of making “adiabatic” approximations allowing the theorems to work sufficiently well. The resulting probability models provide a rigorous foundation for constructing statistical tools for the analysis of real-time, real-world data involving contention on “Clausewitz Landscapes” of fog, friction, and deadly adversarial intent.
A survey of women’s experiences of using period tracker applications: Attitudes, ovulation prediction and how the accuracy of the app in predicting period start dates affects their feelings and behaviours
Authors: Broad Anna , Biswakarma Rina , Harper Joyce C
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Using an online survey, the aim of this study was to ask women about their real-life experiences of using period tracker apps, their attitudes towards using their app, the information the app provided regarding ovulation and how the accuracy of the app in predicting period start dates affects their feelings and behaviours if their period comes earlier or later than predicted.

Methods:

This mixed-methods observational study was conducted by an online survey of 50 multiple-choice and open-ended questions. The survey was generated with Qualtrics XM® and promoted via social media. It was open to any person who had used a period tracker.

Results:

From 375 total responses, 330 complete responses were obtained, giving a completion rate of 88.0%. Respondents were aged between 14 and 54, with a mean age of 26.0 (±7.81). When asked what was the best thing about using the app, 29.7% (98/330) of respondents selected ‘To know when I’m ovulating’. Respondents were asked if their period ever started earlier than the app predicted; 54.9% (189/330) said it had and 72.1% (238/330) said it had started later than predicted. When asked how they felt if their period arrived earlier or later than expected, thematic analysis of periods starting earlier revealed four themes: feeling unaffected, being frustrated/unprepared, feeling anxious/stressed and feeling confused/intrigued. Thematic analysis when their period arrived later revealed six themes: anxious/concerned about pregnancy, disappointed about pregnancy, seeking advice/informing healthcare professionals, thoughts about menopause, feeling unaffected and being better prepared.

Conclusion:

Period trackers need to be clearer on their intended use and reliability, especially for period due date and ovulation. Qualitative analysis shows the impact of inaccurate predictions on aspects of the users’ health. This study calls for period tracker app companies to update their apps to provide transparency to their users about their intended use and capabilities.
Undeserved reward but not inevitable loss biases attention: Personal control moderates evaluative attentional biases in the additional-singleton paradigm
Authors: Müller Philipp , Wentura Dirk
Published: April 2022

It is important for organisms to notice signals of opportunities (i.e., chances for performance-dependent reward) and dangers (i.e., performance-dependent risks of loss). Attentional biases towards opportunity and danger signals should therefore be functionally valuable. By contrast, the functional value of attentional biases towards signals of performance-independent (i.e., uncontrollable) rewards or losses is not obvious. The present study compares attentional biases towards positive and negative stimuli, depending on whether the stimuli signal performance-dependent or performance-independent reward or loss. Specifically, we induced colour-valence associations before engaging participants in an additional-singleton task that measures attentional bias. In the valence-induction phase, one colour signalled a potential reward, and another colour signalled a potential loss; importantly, in one group, rewards and losses were performance-dependent, whereas in another group, they were performance-independent (i.e., seemingly random). In the subsequent additional-singleton task, we found increased additional-singleton effects for colours associated with performance-dependent rewards and losses (i.e., opportunities and dangers). If, however, rewards and losses were performance-independent, the singleton effect was enhanced only for reward but not loss stimuli.
Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome in pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Al-Bakri Omar , Malebranche Mary , Shetty Nabha , Miller Ashley , McCoy Kyle , Nash Christopher M
Published: April 2022

Scant literature is available regarding pregnancy outcomes in women with Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome, a rare obstructive lung disease. We present a case of a woman with this syndrome in pregnancy. Her baseline pulmonary function tests (PFT) demonstrated moderate airflow obstruction however she had excellent functional status and exercise tolerance. Her disease remained clinically stable in pregnancy. PFTs demonstrated slight worsening of her obstruction with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). 59% and FEV1/FVC ratio 64%. She was diagnosed with gestational diabetes requiring metformin and insulin. Her labor and delivery was uncomplicated with vaginal delivery of a live male at term with no maternal respiratory complications. She did have a delayed postpartum hemorrhage requiring a D&C procedure. This case report demonstrates women with Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome can have a successful pregnancy and need not avoid pregnancy if desired.
Spanish Consensus on the Use of Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of Patients With Insulin Therapy: The MONITOR Project
Authors: Ampudia-Blasco Francisco Javier , Ugarte-Abasolo Estibaliz , Chico Ana , García-Alemán Jorge , Galan-Barroso Manuel
Published: April 2022

Background:

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are increasingly being adopted as an alternative or adjunct to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) by patients receiving insulin therapy. However, the available evidence on the role of intermittently scanned CGM or flash CGM (isCGM) remains limited. This consensus aims to evaluate the degree of agreement among Spanish experts on the role of isCGM in the evaluation of glycemic variability, reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and selection and adjustment of insulin therapy.

Methods:

Delphi methodology was used to achieve consensus in two survey rounds. A total of 431 Spanish endocrinologists participated in the first round of a 34-item questionnaire survey on isCGM and 427 participated in the second round. Any disagreement was resolved in round 2.

Results:

Consensus was reached for 32 statements, and four items were ultimately agreed upon SMBG after round 2. There was a high degree of consensus that isCGM helps to evaluate glycemic variability, improves HbA1c levels, and can guide therapeutic changes in type 1 diabetes patients. However, there was no consensus on the routine use of the interquartile range to evaluate glycemic variability or the selection of HbA1c as the main parameter for monitoring glycemic control.

Conclusions:

Most Spanish experts believe that the isCGM system is appropriate for: (1) identifying glycemic variability and facilitating its management, (2) evaluating hyperglycemia as a complement of HbA1c levels, and (3) guiding therapeutic decisions on insulin selection and dosing. The isCGM system is a useful tool for patients and health care professionals to improve glycemic control in insulin-dependent diabetes.
Analysis of “Glycemic Outcomes During Real-World Hybrid Closed-Loop System Use by Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes in the United States”
Authors: Jendle Johan
Published: April 2022

In an article in the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Arunachalum et al retrospectively analyzed glycemic outcomes, regarding the use of hybrid closed-loop (HCL) systems in individuals with type-1 diabetes (T1D) in the United States in a real-world evidence (RWE) setting. In clinical trials, diabetes technology has shown to improve time in range (TIR) as well as other glucose metrics. In the light of increasing the use of diabetes technology in the T1D population, why do we not see improvement in clinical outcomes? Is it cost-effective to increase the use diabetes technology? Does access to diabetes technology vary in the United States? There is a need for additional clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of diabetes technology in T1D including health economic aspects.
Patch Pumps: Periodic Insulin Delivery Patterns
Authors: Eichenlaub Manuel , Ziegler Ralph , Heinemann Lutz , Waldenmaier Delia , Kamecke Ulrike , Haug Cornelia , Freckmann Guido
Published: April 2022

Recent in vitro experiments with patch pumps (PP) Omnipod (OP), Omnipod DASH (OP-D), A6 TouchCare (A6), and Accu-Chek Solo (ACS) have observed periodic fluctuations in the delivered amount of insulin during basal rate and consecutive bolus delivery in some PP, calling for a more systematic characterization of these periodic delivery patterns. Here, it was found that during basal rate delivery of 1 U/h, some devices of OP, OP-D, and A6 showed deviations of up to ±30% from target delivery that consistently repeated every 5 hours, whereas ACS showed no clear periodicity with considerably lower deviations. Similar results were found during consecutive bolus delivery of 1 U, where deviations repeated consistently every five boluses in some devices of OP, OP-D, and A6. However, there was a large variability in the periodic delivery patterns between individual devices of the same PP model. Examining their pumping techniques indicated a connection between the insulin delivery mechanism and observed delivery patterns of the PP. However, the clinical impact of such patterns is unclear.
Management of Toxicological Emergencies in the School Setting: Part 1 An Overview for School Nurses
Authors: Deitche Amy L. , Burda Anthony M.
Published: April 2022

School nurses may encounter a variety of poisoning and overdose scenarios in the school setting. Younger students are more likely to experience unintentional exposures that are usually lower in toxicity, with the risk for harm increasing with age for reasons including substance abuse, self-harm, and exposure to more toxic ingestants. Poison control centers (PCC) are uniquely qualified to assist the public and health professionals, including school nurses, with poisoning and overdose incidents and are available 24 hours per day. This article is Part 1 of a series of three articles and introduces the management of toxicological emergencies in the school setting. In addition, this article provides information including expected clinical effects, potential for serious injury, and a reasonable approach to manage exposures for the following objects and substances of potential harm: button batteries, emergency medications, first aid products, magnets, nontoxic (inedible) products, and therapeutic error. Parts 2 and 3 of the series will continue the discussion focusing on substances of abuse and addiction, social media challenges, and environmental hazards.
The 2007/08 capitalist crisis evolution in Greece: A geographical political economy perspective
Authors: Kapitsinis Nikos
Published: April 2022

The 2007/08 capitalist crisis severely affected the socio-economic conditions in the majority of the developed economies. In the spatially uneven mosaic of the crisis’ effects, the European Union peripheral economies recorded a deep recession. This paper explains why Greece is the European Union country that was most acutely affected, seeking to theorize the political economy of crisis evolution. It does so, by adopting a Marxist perspective on the crisis in Greece to examine the interplay of base (structures) with superstructure (institutions), linking production with society, culture, regulation and politics. It highlights the specificities of the Greek political economy and the particularities of the application of the neoliberal project in Greece.
The impact of the EU economic governance in Portugal
Authors: Carvalho Catarina de Oliveira , Ribeiro Ana Teresa
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the main changes introduced to the Portuguese labour market following the adoption of the Memorandum of Understanding of 2011. The intent behind the Memorandum's demands was to reduce the costs related to employment contracts, to expand both internal and external flexibility, and to relaunch collective bargaining under a new and more decentralised framework. However, several measures ended up being at odds not only with the Portuguese Constitution, but also with ILO Conventions and the (Revised) European Social Charter. We address the changes to wage policies, working time, employment protection legislation, and collective bargaining, which gave way to a new ‘flexibility-oriented’ labour relations model, characterised by a global reduction of labour protection levels. We argue that not only were these measures unable to fix the problems of the Portuguese labour market, but they also had crippling effects on social rights in general and, most particularly, on workers’ rights. Moreover, despite the overcoming of the economic crisis, as well as the changes to the political scene, the most significant alterations were maintained. This demonstrates that bailout reforms leave their mark, particularly when they correspond to measures previously under discussion and when their implementation is supported by external pressures.
The European arrest warrant and in absentia judgments: The cause of much trouble
Authors: Brodersen Kei Hannah , Glerum Vincent , Klip André
Published: April 2022

The ground for optional refusal of Article 4a FD 2002/584/JHA was intended to strengthen the rights of defendants and make the execution of European Arrest Warrants after in absentia convictions easier. In practice, however, problems at the level of the EU legislator, at the level of national legislators and at the level of judicial authorities seem to stand in the way of achieving those goals. A common thread of the problems with applying Article 4a is a lack of awareness of the case-law of the European Court of Justice. Based on case studies from six EU Member States, this article makes an in-depth analysis of these problems and suggests concrete measures on how to overcome them.
Impact of khat leaves on glycosylated haemoglobin and lipid profile in healthy individuals in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tekle Yared , Hiware Sanket , Shameem Ahammed , Atlaw Daniel
Published: April 2022

Objective:

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of Catha edulis leaves on glycosylated haemoglobin and lipid profiles in healthy individuals in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.

Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of khat leaves on the glycated haemoglobin and lipid profile in the Dire Dawa population. For the study, 100 male subjects (aged ⩾20–⩽40 years) were recruited and divided into two groups, each consisting of 50 subjects: the first group was khat chewing people while the other group was non-khat chewing individuals. Blood samples were collected and tested to evaluate the glycated haemoglobin and lipid profiles.

Results:

The mean glycated haemoglobin value of khat chewers was 5.33% and for non-chewers, it was 5.48%, respectively. Since p value is less than the significance value, the t-test supports the reduction in glycated haemoglobin values in khat chewers. The mean values of total cholesterol, and triglycerides in khat chewers are 175.2 and 172.92, and for non-chewers they are 168.7 and 164.56, respectively.

Conclusion:

From this study, we concluded that Catha edulis leaves have a significant effect on glycosylated haemoglobin levels. Mean glycated haemoglobin values of long-term healthy khat chewers are comparatively less than healthy non-chewers. Long-term khat chewing increases total cholesterol levels and triglycerides levels but there is no significant effect on the high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels.
Subacute thyroiditis after SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in a multiple myeloma patient
Authors: Alkis Nihan , Baysal Mehmet
Published: April 2022

Viral infections emerge in the pathogenesis of subacute thyroiditis. Aside from this, subacute thyroiditis following vaccines utilizing inactivated viruses has been shown on rare occasions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several vaccines have been developed all over the world; mass and unprecedented vaccination has thus been initiated. However, it is known that cases such as subacute thyroiditis have been reported, albeit rarely, after administration of COVID-19 vaccines. In this case report, we present a 59-year-old patient with multiple myeloma developing subacute thyroiditis following BNT162b2 vaccine. Patient had swelling in the neck, and his symptoms were controlled with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Subacute thyroiditis following administration of the COVID-19 vaccine is rare; however, it is likely an under-reported condition that is difficult to detect. Clinicians should stay informed and have increased awareness of post-COVID-19 vaccine subacute thyroiditis.
Is our planet doubly alive? Gaia, globalization, and the Anthropocene’s planetary superorganisms
Authors: Shoshitaishvili Boris
Published: April 2022

The theory of the superorganism—that there exist composite forms of life organized at scales above the multicellular organism—has been part of scientific discourse and speculation since the late 1800s. Over the last century theories of the superorganism have grown in scope from designating the local insect colony as emergently alive to positing a global entity enveloping the entire planetary surface. The planetary version of superorganism theory has developed in two different forms, the ecological form of Gaia theory and the sociological form of globalized humankind, with the possible implication that the surface of our single planet is now occupied by two distinct planetary superorganisms. In this article, I summarize the parallel histories of this speculative biological-planetary concept, propose a theory about the relationship of the two coexisting planetary superorganisms, and reflect on how this theory recasts the global environmental challenges of the Anthropocene. I conclude with a note about simplistic or totalizing superorganism assertions.
Datafication and the practice of intelligence production
Authors: Chan Janet , Sanders Carrie , Bennett Moses Lyria , Blackmore Holly
Published: April 2022

Datafication of social life affects what society regards as knowledge. Jasanoff’s regimes of sight framework provides three ideal-type models of authorised knowing in environmental data practice. This paper applies Jasanoff's framework for analysing intelligence practice through an exploratory empirical study of crime and intelligence practitioners in a selection of police services in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. The paper argues that the ‘view from somewhere’ (VFS) captures the essence of existing police intelligence practices in the four countries but the ‘view from nowhere’ (VFN) is emerging as a possible future for police intelligence – an approach promoted by technology companies and supported mainly by police leaders and managers. The paper investigates the challenges and limits of a shift by police from VFS to VFN in the production of intelligence; the challenges are primarily political, which threaten the dominance of police contextual knowledge over ‘scientific’ knowledge. These political challenges also have symbolic and material implications. The paper concludes that, because of these challenges, a complete shift from VFS to VFN is not likely to happen. At best the two models might co-exist with the latter subordinate to the imperatives of the former, resulting in further tension between sworn officers and civilians, organisational inertia, as well as technologies that may be under-utilised or abandoned.
The Subtle Spread of Hateful Memes: Examining Engagement Intentions Among Parents of Adolescents
Authors: Burnham Sarah L. F. , Arbeit Miriam R. , Hilliard Lacey J.
Published: April 2022

Within the ubiquitous landscape of social media, far-right groups and actors have taken advantage of the ways content is produced and spread on mainstream social media platforms. Far-right groups, including the alt-right, are using social media in ways that entice people into far-right spaces that perpetuate hate online and in person. The alt-right spreads hateful messaging through Internet memes, and those who are unfamiliar with alt-right strategies may encounter these memes and engage with them. In this study, we examined whether parents of adolescents would engage with alt-right memes as well as if they understood the memes. We utilized a novel research design by presenting participants with memes and asking questions about engagement. We also included a measure of New Media Literacy to assess participants’ skills with navigating social media. Results reveal that a majority of parent participants would either knowingly interact with at least one alt-right meme or they were unable to discern the covert messaging in the alt-right memes. The impact of engagement with alt-right content on social media needs to be addressed in order to inform approaches to educate adults, especially parents, about how hateful ideologies spread on the Internet.
Leadership and Marketing Capabilities in Small Businesses of Subsistence Marketplaces
Authors: Jardon Carlos M. , Martinez-Cobas Xavier
Published: April 2022

Small businesses are vital in developing countries. Usually, the marketplaces in the most impoverished areas are subsistence marketplaces, and small businesses are frequently created as the only form of subsistence for the entrepreneur and their family. These businesses working in subsistence marketplaces have distinct marketing needs. These businesses may require leadership to use their marketing capabilities to be competitive. This paper analyzes the mediation of marketing capabilities and leadership as sources of competitive advantage in subsistence small businesses using a partial least square technique and timber industry data from a region in Argentina. This paper confirms that transformational leadership and marketing capabilities are a source of competitive advantage in subsistence small businesses. In particular, leaders use marketing capabilities to generate a competitive advantage.
Workplace Violence Prevention Training, Safety Resources, and Commitment to HHCWs’ Safety
Authors: Small Tamara F. , Smith Carolyn R. , Hutton Scott , Davis Kermit G. , Gillespie Gordon Lee
Published: April 2022

Background:

The threat of workplace violence (WPV) is a primary safety concern for home health care workers (HHCWs). WPV prevention training is a critical tool for HHCWs’ safety. Yet, most existing WPV prevention training is limited or not specific to HHCWs’ environment, the patient’s home, and neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to describe WPV prevention training, resources used, and commitment to HHCWs’ safety.

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional design, HHCWs from two sites located in Southwestern Ohio completed the Violence Against Home Healthcare and Hospice Workers survey, a 37-item survey used to describe frequency and characteristics of WPV prevention training and resources. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Findings:

Half ( n = 25) of the HHCWs received WPV prevention training. Training content focused on characteristics of aggressive/violent patients and family members ( n = 19, 82.6%), but limited content about characteristics of hazardous neighborhoods ( n = 15, 65.2%). Cellular phones ( n = 43, 97.7%) were primarily used as a resource to promote safety, few cellular phones ( n = 1, 2.3%) were provided by the agency.

Conclusions/Application to Practice:

HHCWs described WPV prevention training content and resources used to promote safety. WPV prevention training is deficient in procedures for seeking psychological care, screening patients for violent behavior, skills for self-protection, characteristics of hazardous neighborhoods, and physical maneuvers and verbal methods to diffuse or avoid aggressive behavior. Access to WPV prevention training and resources for HHCWs needs to be strengthened. Occupational Health Nurses can assist their employers with developing WPV prevention training for HHCWs.
Assessing the Moderating Impact of Self-Efficacy on Locus of Control and Individual Entrepreneurship Orientation Relationship
Authors: Gugnani Ritika
Published: April 2022

Individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) is a three-dimensional construct described as a tendency to be simultaneously proactive, risk-taking and innovative. This study contributes to the understanding of the antecedents that contribute to IEO. In addition, the study investigates the influence of internal locus of control (LOC) on IEO moderated by self-efficacy (SE). The article examined the relationship between self-concept-based traits, that is, LOC, SE and IEO subdimensions using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the survey data of 200 small business owners from India. The study found that SE moderates the association between LOC and sub-dimensions of IEO. Furthermore, it indicated that SE has a higher effect on innovativeness than proactiveness and risk-taking. Therefore, a small entrepreneur with an internal orientation (LOC) needs to be matched with SE to feel a realistic circle of influence to experience more entrepreneurial growth. A small entrepreneur with an internal LOC and a higher level of SE will strive to become a leader in its circle of influence with more inclination to pursue innovative strategies.
Dynamics of Land Use Trends and Patterns in Uttar Pradesh: A Sectoral Perspective
Authors: Fazal Shahab , S. K. Azharuddin , Vashishtha Deepika
Published: April 2022

Land is a natural resource and is of utmost importance on account of its use for diverse and manifold purposes. However, this finite resource has been experiencing changes in the way it was used earlier, largely because of modifications made by human, affecting the ability of natural systems to support life. The present study is carried out for Uttar Pradesh, one of the states in India. It is the fourth largest in area and interestingly having the largest rural population in the country. Moreover, this Uttar Pradesh has been going through large-scale land use transformations, particularly after economic reforms. Thus, this study made an attempt to understand the dynamics of trends and patterns of land use in Uttar Pradesh, as it is directly or indirectly associated with their living. The study largely focused on three sectors for analysing this status: ecological, agricultural and non-agricultural. It primarily focused on the secondary sources of data, incorporating various government publications from 2000 to 2015. Multiple linear regression technique was executed to examine the scenario of sectoral land use and to find the determinants of land use changes. The findings of this study reveal that the growth rates of different categories of land use have witnessed declining trends except for the area under non-agricultural land use. Whereas enviable ecological sector is passing through a critical phase of land transformation as the area under forest is declining along with pastures and miscellaneous trees. It also points out considerable decrease for net sown area in agricultural sector but increase for current fallow land.