bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Darwin’s intellectual legacy in psychology: what passes through and what does not
Authors: Bereczkei Tamás
Published: March 2010

Nem kétséges, hogy Darwin óriási hatást gyakorolt a pszichológiára. Így volt ez már a saját korában, és így van ez napjainkban is. Az evolúcióelmélet számos egzakt magyarázó modellel és kutatási eredménnyel gazdagodott A fajok eredete megjelenése óta. Ezek a magyarázatok új megközelítést és új értelmezési lehetőséget visznek a pszichológiába, amelynek képviselői általában nyitottak ezekre a törekvésekre. Evolúcióelmélet és pszichológia kapcsolata azonban nem teljesen zavartalan, viták és nézeteltérések vannak olykor köztük a természetes szelekció hatásának következményeivel, az állati ősökkel való összehasonlítás lehetőségeivel, vagy az elmélet bizonyíthatóságával kapcsolatban. Az alábbiakban ezekre a dilemmákra térünk ki részletesebben, hangsúlyozva, hogy a vitás pontok megoldási kísérletei húzóerőt jelentenek a darwini elmélet további fejlődésében.
A comparative approach to the study of behaviour: The effect of Darwin’s intellectual legacy on psychology
Authors: Topál József
Published: March 2010

Darwin születésének 200. és A fajok eredete című mű megjelenésének 150. évfordulója kapcsán érdemes röviden áttekinteni azt, milyen szerepet játszottak az evolúciós gondolat és a belőle következő állítások az állati és emberi viselkedés kutatásának kialakulásában, fejlődésében, és hogyan hat ez a viselkedéstudományok mai állapotára. E szempontból különös jelentősége van annak a darwini gondolatnak, miszerint az állatvilágban nemcsak a jól megfigyelhető és könnyen megismerhető morfológiai bélyegekre vonatkoztatható a törzsfejlődési-evolúciós folytonosság, hanem ugyanez érvényes a viselkedésre és annak rejtett, kognitív (pszichológiai) mechanizmusaira is. A kontinuitás elvének ebben a formában való merész és Darwin korában valójában minden tudományos-empirikus alapot nélkülöző kiterjesztése egy nagyon fontos, máig érvényes üzenetet hordoz. Nem hagy ugyanis kétséget afelől, hogy az állati viselkedés sokszempontú, összehasonlító tanulmányozása nélkülözhetetlen eszköze annak, hogy megismerhessük a saját fajunk viselkedésének és elmeműködésének titkait. Bár ez az elképzelés csak meglehetősen felemás sikerrel tudott gyökeret verni a pszichológiai tudományok különböző diszciplínáiban, alapvető szerepe volt a természettudományos alapokon szerveződő összehasonlító pszichológia megjelenésében és széles körű elfogadtatásában. Manapság azt látjuk, hogy a modern kognitív pszichológiai kutatások különböző irányvonalai egyre kifejezettebben kötődnek a darwini valamint a lorenzi-tinbergeni hagyományokhoz és ezen keresztül az összehasonlító viselkedésbiológiai kutatások különböző területeihez. Az a hagyományos megosztottság ugyanis, amelyet a viselkedés- és elmekutatás biológiai és pszichológiai ágai, mint egymás alternatívái évtizedeken keresztül megjelenítettek, egy új szintézisben lassanként eltűnni látszik. A modern összehasonlító viselkedéskutatás hatékonysága nemcsak abban rejlik, hogy sokoldalú módszertani eszköztárral rendelkezve a viselkedés hagyományos elemzése mellett képes az endofenotípus (élettani és genetikai korrelátumok, idegi aktivációk) mérésére is, hanem hogy képes a megfigyelt jelenség differenciált és sokoldalú megközelítésére, a törzs- és egyedfejlődési szempontok, valamint a környezeti adaptációk kérdésének egységes keretben való tárgyalására.
Notes on a North American Anthropology of Christianity
Authors: King Rebekka
Published: March 2010

My ethnographic project constitutes two years of participant observation at five churches that have self-identified as progressives and which regularly study popular texts that challenge traditional theological assertions. The research in which I am engaged most closely locates itself within the division of the anthropology of Christianity that focuses upon the language or ideology through which the Christian subject is constructed, maintained, and legitimized (Stromberg 1993; Harding 2000; Keane 2007). More specifically I look at study and discussion groups featuring popular theological texts and seek to delineate the identity constructed through the interplay between the texts and their readers in a group setting.
When Beruriah Met Aisha
Authors: Golberg Shari
Published: March 2010

My dissertation attends to the complex and very fraught relationship that women have with their sacred scriptures by examining overlapping conceptions of religious law and legal reform among Jewish and Muslim women who actively study and interpret traditional texts. My project hopes to address what it is that animates Muslim and Jewish women’s interests in textual studies and how close engagement with religious legal texts might contribute to their development as particularized religious subjects.
Early Detection of Alterations in the Resonance Frequency Assessment of Oral Implant Stability on Various Bone Types: A Clinical Study
Authors: Şençimen Metin , Gülses Aydın , Özen Jülide , Dergin Cem , Okçu Kemal Murat , Ayyıldız Simel , Altuğ Hasan Ayberk
Published: March 2010

This study was undertaken to evaluate the relation between bone quality and alterations of implant stability quotient values measured during the initial phase of healing. Nineteen patients treated with 106 implants were included in the current study. The mean bone density of the implant recipient area was measured using Simplant 11 software incorporated in the computerized tomography (CT) machine. Mean bone density measurements were recorded in Hounsfield units. The implant recipient sites were subdivided into 5 groups according to bone quality. The numbers of the structures on the recipient site belonging to D1 and D5 types showed no statistical significance and were excluded. Standard 2-stage surgical technique was utilized to prepare the surgical sites. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) value at implant placement was recorded and did not influence the treatment procedure. The ISQ was measured by an Osstell instrument. The ISQ was further registered on the 21st and 60th days. SPSS statistical software was used for the statistical analysis. In comparison with the time of insertion, the mean values of the ISQ were decreasing for the first 21 days. However, on subsequent days, the ISQ values of all bone types have increased and on the 60th day reached the values recorded at the time of insertion. Analysis of the relation between changes in stability and bone type does not reveal statistical significance. With knowledge of the current clinical study, it can be concluded that bone quality in the recipient bone site does not effect changes in implant stability at the early stages of the osseointegration process.
Cyclophosphamide Dose Intensification May Circumvent Anthracycline Resistance of p53 Mutant Breast Cancers
Authors: Lehmann-Che Jacqueline , André Fabrice , Desmedt Christine , Mazouni Chafika , Giacchetti Sylvie , Turpin Elisabeth , Espié Marc , Plassa Louis-François , Marty Michel , Bertheau Philippe , Sotiriou Christos , Piccart Martine , Symmans W. Fraser , Pusztai Lajos , Thé Hugues
Published: March 2010

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Analyze the role of p53 mutation in ER-negative tumors in conferring increased sensitivity to high-dose alkylating agents, in order to treat patients with this phenotype using regimens containing high-dose alkylating agents.Evaluate the role played by dysfunctional p53 in conferring chemosensitivity to anthracyclines, and explore the possibility of using high-dose alkylating agents to overcome the resistance of ER+/p53 mutated tumors.Examine the mechanism for determining p53 gene function (functional analysis of separated alleles in yeast as opposed to immunohistochemistry) to more precisely determine the role of p53 activation in specific tumors, in order to select appropriate patients for treatment with high-dose alkylating agents.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

The predictive value of p53 for the efficacy of front-line anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens has been a matter of significant controversy. Anthracyclines are usually combined with widely different doses of alkylating agents, which may significantly modulate tumor response to these combinations. We analyzed three series of de novo stage II–III breast cancer patients treated front line with anthracycline-based regimens of various cyclophosphamide dose intensities: 65 patients with estrogen receptor (ER)− tumors treated with anthracyclines alone (Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels), 51 unselected breast cancer patients treated with intermediate doses of cyclophosphamide (MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX), and 128 others treated with a dose-dense anthracycline–cyclophosphamide combination (St. Louis, Paris). After chemotherapy and surgery, pathologic complete response (pCR) was evaluated. p53 status was determined by a yeast functional assay on the pretreatment tumor sample. In a multivariate analysis of the pooled results, a lack of ER expression and high-dose cyclophosphamide administration were associated with a higher likelihood of pCR. A sharp statistical interaction was detected between p53 status and cyclophosphamide dose intensity. Indeed, when restricting our analysis to patients with ER− tumors, we confirmed that a mutant p53 status was associated with anthracycline resistance, but found that p53 inactivation was required for response to the dose-intense alkylating regimen. The latter allowed very high levels of pCR in triple-negative tumors. Thus, our data strongly suggest that cyclophosphamide dose intensification in ER−  p53-mutated breast cancer patients could significantly improve their response.
Do Oncologists Engage in Bereavement Practices? A Survey of the Israeli Society of Clinical Oncology and Radiation Therapy (ISCORT)
Authors: Corn Benjamin W. , Shabtai Esther , Merimsky Ofer , Inbar Moshe , Rosenbaum Eli , Meirovitz Amichay , Wexler Isaiah D.
Published: March 2010

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Examine the level of involvement of oncologists in bereavement rituals after a patient dies, in order to improve the effectiveness of oncologists and other caregivers in helping families cope with their loss.Analyze the reasons physicians do or do not participate in rituals involving direct contact or indirect contact with the bereaved families of their patients.Develop formal programs for the care team to provide continuing support involving direct contact and indirect contact with bereaved families.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Purpose.

We sought to determine the level of involvement of oncologists in bereavement rituals after a patient dies.

Subjects and Methods.

Members of the Israeli Society for Clinical Oncology and Radiation Therapy (ISCORT) were surveyed. The survey instrument consisted of questions regarding participation in bereavement rituals for patients in general and those with whom the oncologist had a special bond. Oncologists were queried as to the reasons for nonparticipation in bereavement rituals.

Results.

Nearly 70% of the ISCORT membership (126 of 182) completed the survey tool. Respondents included radiation, surgical, and medical oncologists. In general, oncologists rarely participated in bereavement rituals that involved direct contact with families such as funerals and visitations. Twenty-eight percent of physicians at least occasionally participated in rituals involving direct contact whereas 45% had indirect contact (e.g., letter of condolence) with the family on an occasional basis. There was significantly greater involvement in bereavement rituals when oncologists developed a special bond with the patient. In a stepwise linear regression model, the only factor significantly associated with greater participation in bereavement rituals was self-perceived spirituality in those claiming not to be religious. The major reasons offered for nonparticipation were time constraints, need to maintain appropriate boundaries between physicians and patients, and fear of burnout.

Conclusion.

Although many oncologists participate at least occasionally in some sort of bereavement ritual, a significant proportion of oncologists are not involved in these practices at all.
Remaining life estimation by fatigue damage sensor
Authors: Nihei K. , Muragishi O. , Kobayashi T. , Ohgaki K. , Umeda A.
Published: March 2010

A fatigue damage sensor (FDS) that enables an evaluation of the remaining life of welded steel structures has been developed. The FDS is a type of sensing gauge, which is stuck on the steel structure and indicates the magnitude of the stress fatigue damage. The FDS is constructed with two metal foils. A fatigue crack initiates on the FDS when it experiences a certain magnitude duration of varying amplitude strain. The length of the fatigue crack growth is converted into structural fatigue damage based on the crack growth properties of thin metal. The size of the FDS is small enough to be able to pick up the structurally concentrated stress in the vicinity of welding beads. A computational method was used to design the configurations. Its capability was verified through a cyclic loading fatigue test with a large steel beam simulating a part of a steel bridge.
Predicting flutter speed of a cable-stayed bridge
Authors: Mishra S. S. , Krishna P.
Published: March 2010

Cable-stayed bridges are prone to wind-induced instabilities owing to their smaller frequencies. Further, because of the closeness of torsional and vertical bending frequencies they are more likely to suffer from classical flutter. In this paper, empirical formulae have been proposed for estimating the basic frequencies as well as the flutter critical wind speed. Corroborative examples of a few cable-stayed bridges of different spans, namely, Karkinen, Nanpu, Yangpu and Oresund, have been considered. The flutter critical speeds of these bridges by the proposed method have been compared with those obtained from Selberg's formula and the Chinese method. Lastly, based on the safety margins with respect to the critical flutter speeds, cable-stayed bridges have been categorised into three groups, and the need for wind tunnel tests has been proposed. It is expected that the approach provided here will serve as a ready reckoner for cable-stayed bridge designers and will help reduce the project cost and time by assessing the flutter susceptibility of bridges.
Remedial works at two Victorian embankment dams to allow safe passage of the probable maximum flood
Authors: Walker Jonathan P.
Published: March 2010

Strines reservoir in South Yorkshire is constructed across a tributary of the River Loxley and lies in cascade above Dale Dike and Damflask reservoirs. It is an earth embankment dam completed in 1869. Agden reservoir is situated on an adjacent valley to Strines and was also completed in 1869, following a redesign after the failure of the original Dale Dike dam in 1864. Following recent recommendations made in the interests of safety at both reservoirs, hydraulic models of the spillways were constructed for the probable maximum flood (PMF) outflow of 150 m3/s at Strines and 135 m3/s at Agden. The models showed that there would be significant out-of-channel flow from the spillways, which could pose a threat to the embankments. The models also showed that the peak stillwater flood level was above the embankment crest at both reservoirs such that the existing wave walls would have to retain the PMF flood rise. This paper describes the design and construction works that were carried out at both reservoirs between 2006–2009, which included new wave walls and significant spillway modifications. The solution for each site was unique owing to site constraints and topography. A number of innovative construction solutions were used including a masonry effect formliner used on in situ concrete walls, and precast concrete wave wall sections that were then clad with existing masonry. The challenges of delivering a cost-effective solution were met while complying with the aesthetic requirements of the Planning Authority.
Marchlyn Mawr additional stored energy project
Authors: Hird Giles
Published: March 2010

Marchlyn Mawr is located in North Wales and serves as the upper storage reservoir for the Dinorwig Power Station, which operates a 1728 MW pumped storage scheme. Owing to increasing demands on the existing power generation capabilities within the UK, MWH was commissioned by First Hydro Company to provide a detailed engineering solution that would enable the reservoir level to be raised and provide an additional 1·1 GWh of stored energy within the hydro-electric system. The initial scope of work provided by the Client required raising the reservoir level by 2·5 m. However, detailed flood studies carried out during the feasibility stage demonstrated that by raising the crest by 2·5 m and enlarging the overflow could enable a 3·3 m increase in the operating top water level, thereby increasing the available head for power generation. An insight into the measures taken to satisfy the environmental conditions imposed by the planning application is given, as well as the results of full-scale preconstruction trials that were carried out on site, which resulted in modifications to the final design and construction sequence. The engineering solution involved the construction of a 620 m long retaining wall, raising of the dam crest level using rockfill derived from slate waste, enlargement of the existing overflow structure as well as modifications to appurtenant structures and the extension of the original grout curtain.
Non-Similar Solutions for Heat and Mass Transfer from a Surface Embedded in a Porous Medium for Two Prescribed Thermal and Solutal Boundary Conditions
Authors: Mahmoud Aly Abdelraheem , Chamkha Ali
Published: March 2010

This work studies the effects of homogeneous chemical reaction and thermal radiation on coupled heat and mass transfer by free convection from a surface embedded in a fluid-saturated porous medium. Two different cases of thermal and solutal boundary conditions, namely the prescribed surface temperature and concentration (PSTC) case and the prescribed heat and mass fluxes (PHMF) case are considered. The governing boundary-layer equations are formulated and transformed into a set of non-similar equations. The resulting equations are solved numerically by an accurate and efficient implicit finite-difference method. The obtained results compared with previously published work and found to be in excellent agreement. A representative set of results is displayed graphically to illustrate the influence of the radiation parameter, chemical reaction parameter and the permeability of the porous medium on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields as well as the local skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number.
From Cradle to Classroom: High Birth Weight and Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Cesur Resul , Kelly Inas Rashad
Published: March 2010

While the effects of low birth weight have long been explored, the literature on the effects of high birth weight is sparse. However, with increasing obesity rates in the United States, high birth weight has become a potential concern, and has been associated in the medical literature with an increased likelihood of becoming an overweight child, adolescent, and subsequently an obese adult. Overweight and obesity, in turn, are associated with a host of negative effects, including lower test scores in school and lower labor market prospects when adults. If studies only focus on low birth weight, they may underestimate the effects of ensuring that mothers receive adequate support during pregnancy. This study finds that cognitive outcomes are adversely affected not only by low birth weight (<2500 grams) but also by high birth weight (>4500 grams). Our results have policy implications in terms of provision of support for pregnant women.
Social Security and Democracy
Authors: Mulligan Casey B , Gil Ricard , Sala-i-Martin Xavier X
Published: March 2010

Using some new international data sets to produce both across-country econometric estimates as well as case studies of South American and southern European countries, we find that Social Security policies vary according to economic and demographic factors but that very different political histories can result in the same Social Security policy. We find weak partial correlation between democracy and the size of Social Security budgets, on how those budgets are allocated, or how economic and demographic factors affect Social Security. If there is any observed difference between democracies and non-democracies, it is that the former spend a little less of their GDP on Social Security, grow their budgets a bit more slowly, and cap their payroll tax more often, than do economically and demographically similar non-democracies. Democracies and non-democracies are equally likely to have benefit formulas inducing retirement and, conditional on GDP per capita, equally likely to induce retirement with a retirement test vs. an earnings test.
Antioxidative activity of red wine with the increased share of phenolic compounds from solid parts of grape
Authors: Puskas Vladimir , Jovic Slobodan , Antov Mirjana , Tumbas Vesna
Published: March 2010

The structure and amount of phenolic compounds in the wine depend on the grapevine variety, agroecologic conditions and a way of vinification. The influence of pomace enrichment with solid parts of grape (stem and grape seeds) during maceration on the antioxidative activity of red wines was investigated. The antioxidative activity of red wines towards DPPH? and hydroxyl (?OH) radicals was determined by the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The addition of stem to the pomace had no significant influence on the antioxidative wine activity increase, whereas enriching of pomace with 120 g seeds/kg of pomace resulted in the increase of antioxidative capacity of a wine. In the wine enriched with tannins and flavan-3-ols from the seeds, the antioxidative activity towards DPPH? (AADPPH?) was 100%. None of the applied clarifiers showed a significant influence on the antioxidative activity of these wine samples. The antioxidative activity, measured as DPPH? scavenging activity, of the wine supplemented by seeds remained unchanged, showing 100% efficiency after the treatment by all tested fining agents. A significant difference in antioxidative activities towards hydroxyl radicals (AA?OH) between the two wines was found. The antioxidative activity of the wine Merlot was higher than the antioxidative activity of the wine Cabernet sauvignon.
Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia with 11q23 Abnormality Coexisting with Refractory Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Worcester Heath D. , Vasef Mohammad A.
Published: March 2010

Intensified chemotherapy is one of the strategies currently used in the treatment of children with metastatic Ewing sarcoma. However, the increasing dose intensity has not significantly improved the event-free survival. We report a patient who initially presented with localized Ewing sarcoma and later developed metastatic disease that required dose-intensified chemotherapy. The patient's Ewing sarcoma remained refractory to treatment despite continuous intensified chemotherapy and was complicated by a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23 abnormality. Examination of bone marrow at the last clinical follow up demonstrated both acute myeloid leukemia and residual metastatic Ewing sarcoma.
Determination of europium by using the chemical oscillating system of Ce(IV)-KBrO3-acetone-oxalic acid-H2SO4
Authors: Gao Jinzhang , Zhang Yingying , Ren Jie , Li Ming , Yang Wu
Published: March 2010

A sensitive and convenient method for the determination of trace europium ions using an oscillating chemical reaction involving Ce(IV) - KBrO3 - acetone - oxalic acid - H2SO4 was proposed. The results indicated that the changes in oscillating period (T) was linearly proportional to the negative logarithmic concentration of Eu3+ (-log C) in the range of 1.41 × 10−8 ˜ 1.41 × 10−4 mol L−1 (r = 0.9982) with a detection limit of 1.04 × 10−9 mol L−1. The recoveries were limited to the range of 99.5% to 100.8%. Under the same conditions, other rare earth ions did not interfere with the determination of Eu3+. In addition, a perturbation mechanism was also discussed briefly.
RP-HPLC-DAD method for determination of olmesartan medoxomil in bulk and tablets exposed to forced conditions
Authors: Sharma Ritesh , Pancholi Shyam
Published: March 2010

RP-HPLC-DAD method for determination of olmesartan medoxomil in bulk and tablets exposed to forced conditions

A simple, sensitive and precise RP-HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the determination of olmesartan medoxomil (AT-II receptor blocker) in the presence of its degradation products. Olmesartan medoxomil and all the degradation products were resolved on a C18column with the mobile phase composed of methanol, acetonitrile and water (60:15:25,V/V/V, pH 3.5 by orthophosphoric acid) at 260 nm using a photodiode array detector. The method was linear over the concentration range of 1-18 μg mL-1and precise with RSD < 1 % in intra- and inter-day study. Excellent recoveries of 99.3 ± 0.9 to 100.8 ± 1.2% proved the accuracy of the method. Developed method was specific, as indicated by chromatographic resolution > 2.0 for each peak and sensitive withLOD0.03 μg mL-1andLOQ0.1 μg mL-1. The method was used to study the drug degradation behavior under forced conditions. Four degradation products (DP-I, II, III, IV) were formed during the degradation study in 0.1 mol L-1HCl whereas only DP-I, II and III were formed in water, 0.01 mol L-1NaOH and 3% H2O2. No significant thermal or photolytic degradation was observed in solid drug. The method was applied successfully for the assay of olmesartan medoxomil in the tablet dosage form.
Krefftascaris (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea) from Australian Side-Necked Turtles with Description of Krefftascaris Sharpiloi SP. N. from Chelodina Rugosa
Authors: Tkach V. , Kuzmin Yu. , Snyder S.
Published: March 2010

Krefftascaris(Nematoda, Ascaridoidea) from Australian Side-Necked Turtles with Description ofKrefftascaris SharpiloiSP. N. fromChelodina Rugosa

Previously known records of ascaridoid nematodesKrefftascarisSprent, 1980 are summarized and new records of the genus reported.Krefftascaris sharpiloiTkach, Kuzmin et Snyder, sp. n. is described from specimens found in the stomach of the northern snake-necked turtleChelodina rugosacollected from two localities in Northern Territory, Australia. The new species differs from the only previously knownKrefftascarisspecies,K. parmenteriSprent, 1980, by the presence of thickened and bifurcated anterior edges of the lateral cuticular alae and a difference in the relative distance from the anterior end to the nerve ring which is 1.5 to 2 times greater inK. parmenteri.Comparison of approximately 2.100 bases of ribosomal DNA sequences This study contains first reports ofKrefftascarisinChelodina rugosa, Chelodina burrungandjii, Chelodina canniandEmydura tanybaragaand the first records of this genus in the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of nuclear small ribosomal subunit gene has demonstrated close affinities betweenKrefftascarisandHeterocheilus, the type genus of the Heterocheilidae and Heterocheilinae. Parasitism of several species and genera of Heterocheilidae in crocodiles allows us to hypothesize thatKrefftascarismay have been acquired by turtles from crocodilians.
A New Species of Predaceous Mites of the Genus Amblyseiella (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) from Ukraine
Authors: Kolodochka L. , Omeri I.
Published: March 2010

A New Species of Predaceous Mites of the Genus Amblyseiella (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) from Ukraine

A new species of phytoseiid mites Amblyseiella antonii Kolodochka et Omeri, sp. n. (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) found on Juniperus sabina L. in Kyiv (Ukraine) is described. This is the first record of a representative of the genus Amblyseiella Muma from Ukraine. Description, drawings, measurements and diagnosis of the species are given.
Teacher-coach role conflict in school-based physical education in USA: a literature review and suggestions for the future
Authors: Konukman Ferman , Agbuĝa Bülent , Erdoĝan Şamil , Zorba Erdal , Demirhan Giyasettin , Yilmaz Ilker
Published: March 2010

Teacher-coach role conflict in school-based physical education in USA: a literature review and suggestions for the future

Teaching and coaching are two different occupational roles, and teachers who also coach have stressful work environments common to all educational settings, but each occupational role has specific stress and burnout problems. The responsibilities of physical education (PE) teachers and coaches are distinguishable from one another. These different roles and role conflicts may create stress among PE teachers who also coach. The history of physical education shows that there are contextual factors that promote PE teacher-coach role conflict. The aim of this paper is to analyse these contextual factors via using a literature review analysis and to provide suggestions about teacher-coach role conflict for school-based physical education in USA.
Breeding soundness of stud bulls
Authors: Shaha SP , Alam MGS , Khatun M , Ahmed JU
Published: March 2010

Four bulls of mixed breeds (Sahiwal × Zebu, Sindhi × Zebu, Jersey × Zebu and Holstein-Friesian × Zebu )were examined physically and their semen was evaluated in three seasons: I (Rainy): May - November, II (Winter): December - February, III (Summer): March- April. The semen volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration and percentage of dead sperm ranged from 4.1 to 7.6 ml, 56.6 to 76%, 1010.3 to 1290.7 × 106/ml and 18.4 to 24.7%, respectively. All these attributes varied significantly (p<0.05) between breeds and seasons. The variations of semen quality between breeds were not significant (p>0.05). It is suggested that the Holstein - Friesian × Zebu crossbred bull produces better quality semen than others. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v25i2.4618 Bangl. vet. 2008. Vol. 25, No. 2, 51-61
1,3,5-Tris-(2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-s-triazine
Authors: Insuasty Braulio , Garcia Angelica , Abonia Rodrigo , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo
Published: March 2010

A new compound, 1,3,5-tris-(2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-s-triazine was obtained by the reaction of ortho-phenylenediamine 1 with 1,3,5-triacryl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine 2. Spectroscopic (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS) data are supplied to support the proposed structure for the title compound.
Polyoxometalates in Oxidative Delignification of Chemical Pulps: Effect on Lignin
Authors: Bujanovic Biljana , Ralph Sally , Reiner Richard , Hirth Kolby , Atalla Rajai
Published: March 2010

Chemical pulps are produced by chemical delignification of lignocelluloses such as wood or annual non-woody plants. After pulping (e.g., kraft pulping), the remaining lignin is removed by bleaching to produce a high quality, bright paper. The goal of bleaching is to remove lignin from the pulp without a negative effect on the cellulose; for this reason, delignification should be performed in a highly selective manner. New environmentally-friendly alternatives to conventional chlorine-based bleaching technologies (e.g., oxygen, ozone, or peroxide bleaching) have been suggested or implemented. In an attempt to find inorganic agents that mimic the action of highly selective lignin-degrading enzymes and that can be applicable in industrial conditions, the researchers have focused on polyoxometalates (POMs), used either as regenerable redox reagents (in anaerobic conditions) or as catalysts (in aerobic conditions) of oxidative delignification. The aim of this paper is to review the basic concepts of POM delignification in these two processes.
Targets and Effects of Yessotoxin, Okadaic Acid and Palytoxin: A Differential Review
Authors: Franchini Antonella , Malagoli Davide , Ottaviani Enzo
Published: March 2010

In this review, we focus on processes, organs and systems targeted by the marine toxins yessotoxin (YTX), okadaic acid (OA) and palytoxin (PTX). The effects of YTX and their basis are analyzed from data collected in the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis, the annelid Enchytraeus crypticus, Swiss CD1 mice and invertebrate and vertebrate cell cultures. OA and PTX, two toxins with a better established mode of action, are analyzed with regard to their effects on development. The amphibian Xenopus laevis is used as a model, and the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) as the experimental protocol.
Data Driven Performance Evaluation of Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Frery Alejandro , Ramos Heitor S. , Alencar-Neto José , Nakamura Eduardo , Loureiro Antonio A. F.
Published: March 2010

Wireless Sensor Networks are presented as devices for signal sampling and reconstruction. Within this framework, the qualitative and quantitative influence of (i) signal granularity, (ii) spatial distribution of sensors, (iii) sensors clustering, and (iv) signal reconstruction procedure are assessed. This is done by defining an error metric and performing a Monte Carlo experiment. It is shown that all these factors have significant impact on the quality of the reconstructed signal. The extent of such impact is quantitatively assessed.
Risk Factors for High Dialysate Glucose use in PD Patients—A Retrospective 5-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Hon-Yen , Hung Kuan-Yu , Hu Fu-Chang , Chen Yung-Ming , Chu Tzong-Shinn , Huang Jenq-Wen , Wu Kwan-Dun , Tsai Tun-Jun
Published: March 2010

Background

Use of high concentrations of glucose for peritoneal dialysis (PD) may produce unfavorable results. Our previous study showed that high initial glucose load is associated with poor PD technique survival.

Objective

This retrospective cohort study at a medical center in Taiwan aimed to understand the factors associated with high glucose load in long-term PD patients.

Patients and Methods

We reviewed 90 newly started PD patients over 5 years. We determined glucose load by calculating annual glucose weight and dialysate volume administered. Multiple linear regression analyses with time-dependent covariates were used to determine factors that influence the annual average dialysate glucose concentration.

Results

The study group included 47 men and 43 women with a mean age of 53.4 ± 13.9 years. Technique survival rates were 91.0%, 84.1%, and 77.6% at the beginning of the second, third, and fourth year of PD therapy respectively. The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), high body mass index (BMI), and low weekly renal Kt/V were significantly correlated with high average dialysate glucose concentration during the first, second, and third years. For patients undergoing PD for more than 3 years, residual renal function (RRF) deteriorated, and only DM significantly affected higher dialysate glucose concentration in the fourth year.

Conclusions

Patients with DM, high BMI, and low RRF were more likely to require a high glucose load for PD therapy, especially during the first 3 years. After those 3 years of PD, DM was the only significant factor in the need for higher glucose load. To reduce the glucose load in chronic PD patients, alternative osmotic agents such as icodextrin or amino acids should be considered in the daily PD regimen.
Complications after Tenckhoff Catheter Insertion: A Single-Centre Experience using Multiple Operators over Four Years
Authors: Liu Wen Jiun , Hooi Lai Seong
Published: March 2010

Objective

To analyze the complications after Tenckhoff catheter insertion among patients with renal failure needing dialysis.

Patients and Methods

The open, paramedian approach is the commonest technique to insert the 62-cm coiled double-cuffed Tenckhoff peritoneal catheter. All patients with catheters inserted between January 2004 and November 2007 were retrospectively analyzed for demographics and followed for up to 1 month for complications. We excluded patients whose catheters had been anchored to the bladder wall and who underwent concurrent omentectomy or readjustment without removal of a malfunctioning catheter ( n = 7). Intravenous cloxacillin was the standard preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis.

Results

Over the 4-year study period, 384 catheters were inserted under local anesthetic into 319 patients [201 women (62.8%); mean age: 49.4 ± 16.7 years (range: 13 – 89 years); 167 (52.2%) with diabetes; 303 (95%) with end-stage renal disease] by 22 different operators. All Tenckhoff catheters were inserted by the general surgical ( n = 223) or urology ( n = 161) team. There were 29 cases (7.6%) of catheter migration, 22 (5.7%) of catheter obstruction without migration, 24 (6.3%) of exit-site infection, 12 (3.1%) of leak from the main incision, 14 (3.6%) of culture-proven wound infection, 11 (2.9%) post-insertion peritonitis, and 1 (0.3%) hemoperitoneum. No deaths were attributed to surgical mishap.

Conclusions

The most common complication was catheter migration. The paramedian insertion technique was safe, with low complication rates.
Finding the Right Position: A Three-Year, Single-Center Experience with the “Self-Locating” Catheter
Authors: Bergamin Brigitte , Senn Oliver , Corsenca Alf , Dutkowski Philipp , Weber Markus , Wüthrich Rudolf P. , Segerer Stephan , Thut Martina Pechula
Published: March 2010

Background

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter displacement is a major cause of dysfunction. Various catheter forms have been designed to improve outcome. One of them is based on the classical Tenckhoff catheter, but includes a small tungsten cylinder at the distal end to optimize location and to prevent dislocations.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we analyzed the functionality and complication profile of the self-locating catheter implanted at our center from November 2005 to September 2008 in our PD program.

Results

Data from 27 self-locating catheters implanted in 25 patients (12 women) were obtained. Patients were followed for up to 30 months (median observation time: 13 months), resulting in a cumulative study period of 357 PD months. A total of 22 complications were identified, including 1 episode of peritonitis per 52 patient–months, 1 tunnel infection, and 1 exit-site infection. The “functional catheter failure incidence rate” was approximately 0.01 catheters per month on PD (or approximately 1 catheter loss per 100 PD months). The catheter survival was 93% at 1 year.

Conclusions

The “self-locating” PD catheter demonstrates low rates of catheter migration and dislocations, and good catheter survival.
Risk Factors for Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis: The Role of Oral Active Vitamin D
Authors: Rudnicki Michael , Kerschbaum Julia , Hausdorfer Johann , Mayer Gert , König Paul
Published: March 2010

Background

Peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), being associated with hospitalization, catheter loss, technique failure, and increased mortality. Data on various risk factors for peritonitis are inconsistent, and no association with concomitant therapy has been shown.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of all incident and prevalent PD patients ( n = 55) treated in Innsbruck, Austria, between 2000 and 2007. Data consisted of 1291 patient–months and 55 episodes of peritonitis. Patient demographic data, comorbidities, concomitant medication, laboratory parameters, and microbiology results were obtained from the medical records and from the hospital's electronic database.

Results

The mean peritonitis incidence rate was 0.51 episodes/patient–year (range: 0.24 – 0.73 episodes/patient–year) or 1 episode every 23.5 months (range: 16 – 50 months). In a primary analysis including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and concomitant medication, only treatment with oral active vitamin D was associated with a significantly lower risk of peritonitis. Adjusted for time on PD and baseline serum albumin, oral active vitamin D therapy was associated with an 80% reduced relative risk of peritonitis [hazard ratio (HR): 0.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06 to 0.64; p = 0.007)]. The risk reduction was comparable in patients who received 0.25 μg or more of vitamin D daily (HR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.65; p = 0.008) and in those who received less than 0.25 μg vitamin D daily (HR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.77; p = 0.018).

Conclusions

Treatment with oral active vitamin D might be associated with a lower risk of peritonitis in PD patients.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ STUDY ACTIVITIES IN VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS USING DATA MINING METHODS / STUDENTŲ, BESIMOKANČIŲ VIRTUALAUS MOKYMO APLINKOJE, VEIKLOS ANALIZĖ TAIKANT DUOMENŲ GAVYBOS METODUS
Authors: Preidys Saulius , Sakalauskas Leonidas
Published: March 2010

This article deals with application of data mining methods’ to analysis of learners’ behaviour using the distance learning platform BlackBoard Vista (BlackBoard 2008). Before planning a distance learning course, instructors have to pay attention to the fact that there exist different study methods: some students start reading learning materials from the very beginning to the end, some students look at unclear topics only, some start with the discussions, etc. Therefore after analyzing the learning factors and identifying learner's style, it is possible to prepare individualized learning materials and to choose a proper way of course presentation. Such a way of study organization would improve the quality of studies and make it possible to reach better results. The research was performed by observing the behaviour and results achieved by 528 students in 15 distance learning courses and, using the clustering method, 3 learner's styles using virtual learning environments (VLE) have been identified and work methods proposed for students with regard to those learners’ styles. Besides, the research aims to find out the factors that influence final evaluations of students’. Santrauka Prieš planuodami rengti ir teikti nuotolinio mokymosi kursą, rengėjai turi atsižvelgti į tai, kad žmonės studijuoja skirtingais metodais: vieni pradeda skaityti pateiktą medžiagą iš eiles, kiti peržiūri tik nesuprantamas vietas, treti persikelia į virtualias diskusijas ir pan. Todėl, išanalizavus mokymosi veiksmus ir nustačius studento stilių, vėliau galima pateikti suasmenintą mokymosi medžiagą, parinkti geresnius kurso pateikimo metodus. Toks mokymo organizavimas pagerintų studijų kokybę ir leistų pasiekti geresnių rezultatų. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas duomenų gavybos metodu taikymas, analizuojant studentų elgseną, naudojantis virtualaus mokymo terpe BlackBoard Vista (BlackBoard 2008).
MULTIPLE CRITERIA CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT DECISIONS CONSIDERING RELATIONS BETWEEN CRITERIA / DAUGIATIKSLIAI STATYBOS VALDYMO SPRENDIMAI ATSIŽVELGIANT Į RODIKLIŲ TARPUSAVIO PRIKLAUSOMYBĘ
Authors: Antuchevičienė Jurgita , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Zakarevičius Algimantas
Published: March 2010

Decision making in construction management has been always complicated especially if there were more than one criterion under consideration. Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) has been often applied for complex decisions in construction when a lot of criteria were involved. Traditional MCDM methods, however, operate with independent and conflicting criteria. While in every day problems a decision maker often faces interactive and interrelated criteria. Accordingly, the need of improving and supplementing the methodology of compromise decisions arose. It was proposed to supplement TOPSIS (Technique for the Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method and integrate the Mahalanobis distance in the usual algorythm of TOPSIS. Mahalanobis distance measure offered an option to take the correlations between the criteria into considerations while making the decision. A case study of building redevelopment in Lithuanian rural areas was presented that demonstrated the application of the proposed methodology. The case study proved that the proposed TOPSIS‐M (TOPSIS applying Mahalanobis distance measure) method could have substantial influence in carrying the proper decision. Santrauka Statybos valdymo spendimų priėmimas visuomet yra komplikuotas, ypač jei turime atsižvelgti į daugelį rodiklių. Kompleksiniams statybos sprendimams, kurie apibūdinami daugeliu rodiklių, taikomi daugiatiksliai sprendimų priėmimo metodai (MCDM ‐ Multiple Criteria Decision Making). Šie metodai skirti sprendimams priimti tuomet, kai vertinami konfliktuojantys bei nepriklausomi rodikliai. Tačiau realiose situacijose, priešingai, nuolat susiduriame su saveikaujančiais ir tarpusavio priklausomybę turinčiais rodikliais. Dėl šios priežasties kyla poreikis patobulinti sprendimų metodologiją. Straipsnyje siūloma papildyti variantų racionalumo nustatymo metoda TOPSIS (Technique for the Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), taikant Mahalanobio metoda atstumams nustatyti. Mahalanobio atstumų nustatymo metodas suteikia galimybę įvertinti koreliacinės rodiklių priklausomybės priimant daugiatikslį sprendimą. Siūlomos metodologijos taikymas įliustruojamas sprendžiant apleistų pastatų Lietuvos kaimo vietovėse racionalaus sutvarkymo uždavinį. Pateiktas pavyzdys patvirtina, kad TOPSIS‐M metodo (t. y. TOPSIS naudojant Mahalanobio atstuma) taikymas gali turėti esminę įtaka priimant sprendimą.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAPITAL COST IMPACT ON SHARE VALUE / KAPITALO SĄNAUDŲ ĮTAKOS AKCIJŲ VERTEI ANALIZĖ
Authors: Galinienė Birutė , Butvilas Andrius
Published: March 2010

One of the most important business management tasks for enterprises is the calculation of an appropriate rate of return for invested capital or cost of capital. The article presents a theoretical and practical analysis of four of the most commonly used capital cost evaluation models. Based on the results, the two most suitable capital cost evaluation models that can be used under the prevailing conditions in Lithuania are identified. The analysis of the influence of the cost of capital on share values revealed the factual influence of the valuation models on share values. Thus, based on the research results, the authors recommend that under the current conditions, the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Fama‐French model can be applied in the share valuation process.

Santrauka

Vienas svarbiausių įmonės verslo vertinimo uždavinių ‐ tinkamas rizikos ir investuoto kapitalo gražos įvertinimas. Straipsnyje pateikiama keturių dažniausiai praktikoje taikomų kapitalo sąnaudų vertinimo modelių teorinė ir praktinė analizė. Remiantis gautais rezultatais išskiriami du tinkamiausi modeliai kapitalo sąnaudoms vertinti Lietuvos sąlygomis. Atlikta kapitalo sanaudų įtakos akcijų vertei analizė parodė faktinę vertinimo metodo įtaka prognozuojamai akcijų vertei. Remdamiesi tyrimo rezultatais autoriai siūlo šiuo metu akcijų vertinimo procese taikyti kapitalo aktyvų vertinimo modelį bei Fama ir French modelį.