bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissemination and implementation science activities across the Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium: Report from a survey of CTSA leaders
Authors: Dolor Rowena J. , Proctor Enola , Stevens Kathleen R. , Boone Leslie R. , Meissner Paul , Baldwin Laura-Mae
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is not a formal element of the Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program, and D&I science activities across the CTSA Consortium are largely unknown.

Methods:

The CTSA Dissemination, Implementation, and Knowledge Translation Working Group surveyed CTSA leaders to explore D&I science-related activities, barriers, and needed supports, then conducted univariate and qualitative analyses of the data.

Results:

Out of 67 CTSA leaders, 55.2% responded. CTSAs reported directly funding D&I programs (54.1%), training (51.4%), and projects (59.5%). Indirect support (e.g., promoted by CTSA without direct funding) for D&I activities was higher – programs (70.3%), training (64.9%), and projects (54.1%). Top barriers included funding (39.4%), limited D&I science faculty (30.3%), and lack of D&I science understanding (27.3%). Respondents (63.4%) noted the importance of D&I training and recommended coordination of D&I activities across CTSAs hubs (33.3%).

Conclusion:

These findings should guide CTSA leadership in efforts to raise awareness and advance the role of D&I science in improving population health.
Karl Haushofer as a “Pioneer” of National Socialist Cultural Diplomacy in Fascist Italy
Authors: Bassoni Nicola
Published: September 2019

The relevant historiography has largely overlooked the role of Karl Haushofer as a cultural-political actor in National Socialist-Fascist relations. From 1924 to 1944, the German geopolitician dealt extensively with Italy, with an eye to both its geopolitical role in Europe and to the political system of Benito Mussolini's regime. On behalf of Rudolf Hess, he began visiting Italy during the 1930s, aiming to overcome ideological and political misunderstandings between Rome and Berlin. He established a network of contacts with Italian scholars and politicians, passed information back to the so-called deputy Führer, and attempted to influence official German policy toward Italy. He eventually promoted the development of an Italian geopolitics, and, in so doing, achieved one of the most significant cultural-political transfers from National Socialist Germany to fascist Italy. This article analyzes the contacts between Haushofer and Italy, both his political activities and his geopolitical theories. It is a case study of a history of contradictions: a man committed to Pan-Germanist culture and to the defense of German minorities abroad, Haushofer also attempted to improve relations between Berlin and Rome. Moreover, he considered the Axis from a geopolitical point of view—as a realization of the European imperial idea—and from a trilateral perspective, i.e., he viewed Japan not only as an ally, but also as a cultural and political model. The reconstruction of Haushofer's relations with Italy is, therefore, an opportunity to rethink the antinomies, as well as the global dimension, of the National Socialist-Fascist alliance.
Neurobiological mechanisms of social cognition treatment in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Rosenblau Gabriela , O'Connell Garret , Heekeren Hauke R. , Dziobek Isabel
Published: September 2019

Background

The promise of precision medicine for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) hinges on developing neuroscience-informed individualized interventions. Taking an important step in this direction, we investigated neuroplasticity in response to an ecologically-valid, computer-based social-cognitive training (SCOTT).

Methods

In an active control group design, 48 adults with ASD were randomly assigned to a 3-month SCOTT or non-social computer training. Participants completed behavioral tasks, a functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging session before and after the training period.

Results

The SCOTT group showed social-cognitive improvements on close and distant generalization tasks. The improvements scaled with reductions in functional activity and increases in cortical thickness in prefrontal regions.

Conclusion

In sum, we provide evidence for the sensitivity of neuroscientific methods to reflect training-induced social-cognitive improvements in adults with ASD. These results encourage the use of neuroimaging data to describe and quantify treatment-related changes more broadly.
Circe’s Instructions to Odysseus (OD. 10.507–40) As an Early Sibylline Oracle
Authors: Faraone Christopher A.
Published: September 2019

Scholars have noted that Circe’s instructions to Odysseus illustrate a speech type-scene comprised of directions and then instructions – or ‘map’ and ‘script’: first she tells him (i) how to get to the entrance to Hades and then (ii) what rituals to do and what words to say after he gets there (Od. 10.507–40). This essay argues that the Odyssey poet is, in fact, using the vocabulary and syntax of an important subset of this speech-act: hexametrical oracles, as we see them quoted a few centuries later by Herodotus and parodied by Aristophanes. Her advice, moreover, also echoes closely a specific kind of Archaic oracle that directed Greek colonists to a far-away place and that was typical of the female prophets called ‘Sibyls’, who lived near the Aegean coastline in places where the Homeric poems were originally composed and performed.
Autoimmune cytopenias (AIC) following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant for acquired aplastic anaemia: a joint study of the Autoimmune Diseases and Severe Aplastic Anaemia Working Parties (ADWP/SAAWP) of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)
Authors: Miller Paul D. E. , Snowden John A. , De Latour Regis Peffault , Iacobelli Simona , Eikema Diderik-Jan , Knol Cora , Marsh Judith C. W. , Rice Carmel , Koh Mickey , Fagioli Franca , Chaganti Sridhar , Finke Jürgen , Duarte Rafael F. , Bader Peter , Farge Dominique , Passweg Jakob R. , Madrigal J. Alejandro , Dufour Carlo
Published: September 2019

This retrospective study explored the incidence of autoimmune cytopenia (AIC) in 530 paediatric and adult patients with acquired aplastic anaemia (aAA) who underwent first allogeneic HSCT between 2002 and 2012. AIC was a rare complication with a cumulative incidence of AIC at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years post HSCT of 2.5% (1.2–3.9 95% CI), 4.4% (2.6–6.2 95% CI), 4.6% (2.8–6.5 95% CI) and 5.1% (3.1–7.2 95% CI). Overall survival at 5 years after diagnosis of AIC was 85.9% (71–100 95% CI). Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with AIC at a median of 10.6 (2.6–91.5) months post HSCT. Eight (32%) patients were diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), seven (28%) with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA), seven (24%) with Evans syndrome and four (16%) with autoimmune neutropenia (AIN). Treatment strategies were heterogeneous. Complete responses were seen in 12 of 25 patients, with death in three patients. In multivariable Cox analysis of a subgroup of 475 patients, peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplant was associated with higher risk of AIC compared with bone marrow (BM) when conditioning regimens contained fludarabine and/or alemtuzumab (2.81 [1.06–7.49 95% CI];p = 0.038), or anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (2.86 [1.11–7.37 95% CI];p = 0.029). Myeloablative conditioning was associated with a lower risk of AIC compared with reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) in fludarabine and/or alemtuzumab (0.34 [0.12–0.98 95% CI];p = 0.046) and ATG containing regimens (0.34 [0.12–0.95 95% CI];p = 0.04). These findings provide clinically useful information regarding the incidence of a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of allogeneic HSCT for aAA, and further support for BM as the preferred stem cell source for transplant of patients with aAA.
Alterations in ALK/ROS1/NTRK/MET drive a group of infantile hemispheric gliomas
Authors: Guerreiro Stucklin Ana S. , Ryall Scott , Fukuoka Kohei , Zapotocky Michal , Lassaletta Alvaro , Li Christopher , Bridge Taylor , Kim Byungjin , Arnoldo Anthony , Kowalski Paul E. , Zhong Yvonne , Johnson Monique , Li Claire , Ramani Arun K. , Siddaway Robert , Nobre Liana Figueiredo , de Antonellis Pasqualino , Dunham Christopher , Cheng Sylvia , Boué Daniel R. , Finlay Jonathan L. , Coven Scott L. , de Prada Inmaculada , Perez-Somarriba Marta , Faria Claudia C. , Grotzer Michael A. , Rushing Elisabeth , Sumerauer David , Zamecnik Josef , Krskova Lenka , Garcia Ariza Miguel , Cruz Ofelia , Morales La Madrid Andres , Solano Palma , Terashima Keita , Nakano Yoshiko , Ichimura Koichi , Nagane Motoo , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Gil-da-Costa Maria Joao , Silva Roberto , Johnston Donna L. , Michaud Jean , Wilson Bev , van Landeghem Frank K. H. , Oviedo Angelica , McNeely P. Daniel , Crooks Bruce , Fried Iris , Zhukova Nataliya , Hansford Jordan R. , Nageswararao Amulya , Garzia Livia , Shago Mary , Brudno Michael , Irwin Meredith S. , Bartels Ute , Ramaswamy Vijay , Bouffet Eric , Taylor Michael D. , Tabori Uri , Hawkins Cynthia
Published: September 2019

Infant gliomas have paradoxical clinical behavior compared to those in children and adults: low-grade tumors have a higher mortality rate, while high-grade tumors have a better outcome. However, we have little understanding of their biology and therefore cannot explain this behavior nor what constitutes optimal clinical management. Here we report a comprehensive genetic analysis of an international cohort of clinically annotated infant gliomas, revealing 3 clinical subgroups. Group 1 tumors arise in the cerebral hemispheres and harbor alterations in the receptor tyrosine kinasesALK,ROS1,NTRKandMET. These are typically single-events and confer an intermediate outcome. Groups 2 and 3 gliomas harborRAS/MAPKpathway mutations and arise in the hemispheres and midline, respectively. Group 2 tumors have excellent long-term survival, while group 3 tumors progress rapidly and do not respond well to chemoradiation. We conclude that infant gliomas comprise 3 subgroups, justifying the need for specialized therapeutic strategies.
Chromatin-informed inference of transcriptional programs in gynecologic and basal breast cancers
Authors: Osmanbeyoglu Hatice U. , Shimizu Fumiko , Rynne-Vidal Angela , Alonso-Curbelo Direna , Chen Hsuan-An , Wen Hannah Y. , Yeung Tsz-Lun , Jelinic Petar , Razavi Pedram , Lowe Scott W. , Mok Samuel C. , Chiosis Gabriela , Levine Douglas A. , Leslie Christina S.
Published: September 2019

Chromatin accessibility data can elucidate the developmental origin of cancer cells and reveal the enhancer landscape of key oncogenic transcriptional regulators. We develop a computational strategy called PSIONIC (patient-specific inference of networks informed by chromatin) to combine chromatin accessibility data with large tumor expression data and model the effect of enhancers on transcriptional programs in multiple cancers. We generate a new ATAC-seq data profiling chromatin accessibility in gynecologic and basal breast cancer cell lines and apply PSIONIC to 723 patient and 96 cell line RNA-seq profiles from ovarian, uterine, and basal breast cancers. Our computational framework enables us to share information across tumors to learn patient-specific TF activities, revealing regulatory differences between and within tumor types. PSIONIC-predicted activity for MTF1 in cell line models correlates with sensitivity to MTF1 inhibition, showing the potential of our approach for personalized therapy. Many identified TFs are significantly associated with survival outcome. To validate PSIONIC-derived prognostic TFs, we perform immunohistochemical analyses in 31 uterine serous tumors for ETV6 and 45 basal breast tumors for MITF and confirm that the corresponding protein expression patterns are also significantly associated with prognosis.
Cell type-specific modulation of sensory and affective components of itch in the periaqueductal gray
Authors: Samineni Vijay K. , Grajales-Reyes Jose G. , Sundaram Saranya S. , Yoo Judy J. , Gereau Robert W.
Published: September 2019

Itch is a distinct aversive sensation that elicits a strong urge to scratch. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the peripheral basis of itch, we know very little regarding how central neural circuits modulate acute and chronic itch processing. Here we establish the causal contributions of defined periaqueductal gray (PAG) neuronal populations in itch modulation in mice. Chemogenetic manipulations demonstrate bidirectional modulation of scratching by neurons in the PAG. Fiber photometry studies show that activity of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the PAG is modulated in an opposing manner during chloroquine-evoked scratching. Furthermore, activation of PAG GABAergic neurons or inhibition of glutamatergic neurons resulted in attenuation of scratching in both acute and chronic pruritis. Surprisingly, PAG GABAergic neurons, but not glutamatergic neurons, may encode the aversive component of itch. Thus, the PAG represents a neuromodulatory hub that regulates both the sensory and affective aspects of acute and chronic itch.
Low expression of RNA sensors impacts Zika virus infection in the lower female reproductive tract
Authors: Khan Shahzada , Lew Irene , Wu Frank , Fritts Linda , Fontaine Krystal A. , Tomar Sakshi , Trapecar Martin , Shehata Hesham M. , Ott Melanie , Miller Christopher J. , Sanjabi Shomyseh
Published: September 2019

Innate immune responses to Zika virus (ZIKV) are dampened in the lower female reproductive tract (LFRT) compared to other tissues, but the mechanism that underlies this vulnerability is poorly understood. Using tissues from uninfected and vaginally ZIKV-infected macaques and mice, we show that low basal expression of RNA-sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), or their co-receptors, in the LFRT contributes to high viral replication in this tissue. In the LFRT, ZIKV sensing provides limited protection against viral replication, and the sensors are also minimally induced after vaginal infection. While IFNα/β receptor signaling offers minimal protection in the LFRT, it is required to prevent dissemination of ZIKV to other tissues, including the upper FRT. Our findings support a role for RNA-sensing PRRs in the dampened innate immunity against ZIKV in the LFRT compared to other tissues and underlie potential implications for systemic dissemination upon heterosexual transmission of ZIKV in women.
Sustainable ecofriendly phytoextract mediated one pot green recovery of chitosan
Authors: Gopal Judy , Muthu Manikandan , Dhakshanamurthy Thirumalai , Kim Ki Jun , Hasan Nazim , Kwon Seong Jung , Chun Sechul
Published: September 2019

Chitin and chitosan are biopolymers that have diverse applications in medicine, agriculture, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment and textiles. With bio-origins, they easily blend with biological systems and show exemplified compatibility which is mandatory when it comes to biomedical research. Chitin and chitosan are ecofriendly, however the processes that are used to recover them aren’t ecofriendly. The focus of this work is to attempt an ecofriendly, sustainable phytomediated one pot recovery of chitosan from commercial chitin and from crab and shrimp shells and squid pen solid wastes. Graviola extracts have been employed, given the fact file that their active ingredients acetogenins actively interact with chitin in insects (resulting in its application as an insecticide). With that as the core idea, the graviola extracts were chosen for orchestrating chitin recovery and a possible chitin to chitosan transformation. The results confirm that graviola extracts did succeed in recovery of chitosan nanofibers from commercial chitin flakes and recovery of chitosan particles directly from solid marine wastes of crab, shrimp and squids. This is a first time report of a phyto-extract mediated novel chitosan synthesis method.
Dynamic Enhancement of Nitric Oxide Radioluminescence with Nitrogen Purge
Authors: Kerst Thomas , Toivonen Juha
Published: September 2019

Remote detection of alpha radiation is commonly realised by collecting the light, the radioluminescence, that is produced when alpha particles are stopped in air. Radioluminescence of nitric oxide (NO) is primarily emitted between 200 nm and 300 nm, which makes it possible to use it for remote detection under daylight conditions. Quenching by ambient oxygen and water vapour, however, makes it generally difficult to effectively create NO radioluminescence. We present the detection of intense NO radioluminescence in ambient air under standard indoor lighting conditions using a nitrogen purge. The nitrogen contained NO impurities that were intrinsic to the gas and had not explicitly been added. We study the mechanisms that govern the NO radioluminescence production and introduce a model to describe the dynamics of the process. The level of NO contained in the gas was found to determine how successful a purge can be. We conclude by discussing possible applications of the technique in nitrogen-flushed gloveboxes at nuclear facilities where NO concentration of 100 ppb–1 ppm would be sufficient for efficient optical alpha radiation detection in standard lighting conditions.
CFH exerts anti-oxidant effects on retinal pigment epithelial cells independently from protecting against membrane attack complex
Authors: Borras Céline , Canonica Jérémie , Jorieux Sylvie , Abache Toufik , El Sanharawi Mohamed , Klein Christophe , Delaunay Kimberley , Jonet Laurent , Salvodelli Michèle , Naud Marie-Christine , Arsenijevic Yvan , Shalabi Andrée , Souchaud Landry , Behar-Cohen Francine , Dinet Virginie
Published: September 2019

Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the first cause of social blindness in people aged over 65 leading to atrophy of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), photoreceptors and choroids, eventually associated with choroidal neovascularization. Accumulation of undigested cellular debris within RPE cells or under the RPE (Drusen), oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators contribute to the RPE cell death. The major risk to develop AMD is the Y402H polymorphism of complement factor H (CFH). CFH interacting with oxidized phospholipids on the RPE membrane modulates the functions of these cells, but the exact role of CFH in RPE cell death and survival remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential protective mechanism of CFH on RPE cells submitted to oxidative stress. Upon exposure to oxidized lipids 4-HNE (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) derived from photoreceptors, both the human RPE cell line ARPE-19 and RPE cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells were protected from death only in the presence of the full length human recombinant CFH in the culture medium. This protective effect was independent from the membrane attack complex (MAC) formation. CFH maintained RPE cells tight junctions’ structure and regulated the caspase dependent apoptosis process. These results demonstrated the CFH anti-oxidative stress functions independently of its capacity to inhibit MAC formation.
Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord in rabbit temporomandibular joint model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Kim Hyunjeong , Yang Gwanghyun , Park Jumi , Choi Jene , Kang Eunju , Lee Bu-Kyu
Published: September 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) characterised by chronic inflammation and damage to joint structures. Because of the complexity of TMJ-OA, only symptomatic treatments are currently available. Recent reports have shown that many of stem cells can exert anti-inflammatory and tissue-regenerating effects. In this study, we investigated the potential cartilage-regenerating and anti-inflammatory effects of human umbilical cord matrix-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCM-MSCs) for the treatment of TMJ-OA. hUCM-MSC lines, isolated from different donors, which showed different activitiesin vitro. Using a selected cell line, we used different concentrations of hUCM-MSCs to assess therapeutic effects in a rabbit model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced TMJ-OA. Compared with the untreated control group, the potential regenerative result and anti-inflammatory effects of hUCM-MSCs were evident at all the tested concentrations in rabbits with induced TMJ-OA. The median dose of hUCM-MSCs showed the prominent cartilage protective effect and further cartilage regeneration potential. This effect occurred via upregulated expression of growth factors, extracellular matrix markers, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory effect of hUCM-MSCs was comparable to that of dexamethasone (DEX). However, only hUCM-MSCs showed potential chondrogenesis effects in this study. In conclusion, our results indicate that hUCM-MSCs may be an effective treatment option for the treatment of TMJ-OA.
Sensitive detection of caspase-3 enzymatic activities and inhibitor screening by mass spectrometry with dual maleimide labelling quantitation
Authors: Ouyang Fuzhong , Yu Tianrong , Gu Chao , Wang Guanghui , Shi Rui , Lv Rui , Wu Enhui , Ma Chongqing , Guo Ruochen , Li Jing , Zaczek Anna , Liu Jian
Published: September 2019

There is a great need to develop sensitive and specific methods for quantitative analysis of caspase-3 activities in cell apoptosis.
DNA concatemer-silver nanoparticles as a signal probe for electrochemical prostate-specific antigen detection
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Ya , Zhang Junjun , Zhang Yuzhong
Published: September 2019

A ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of prostate-specific antigen was reported based on hybridization chain reaction amplifying silver nanoparticles response signal.
A ribonuclease-dependent cleavable beacon primer triggering DNA amplification for single nucleotide mutation detection with ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity
Authors: Ding Xiong , Yin Kun , Chen Ju , Wang Kepeng , Liu Changchun
Published: September 2019

A ribonuclease-dependent cleavable beacon primer was developed to trigger DNA amplification for single nucleotide mutation detection with ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity.
Exploring different coordination modes of the first tetradentate NHC/1,2,3-triazole hybrid ligand for group 10 complexes
Authors: Schlagintweit Jonas F. , Nguyen Linda , Dyckhoff Florian , Kaiser Felix , Reich Robert M. , Kühn Fritz E.
Published: September 2019

Synthesis and characterisation of the first tetradentate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/1,2,3-triazole hybrid ligand obtained by means of copper(i) catalyzed “click” chemistry and its application for the synthesis of group 10 complexes is reported.
Point source characterization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and extractable organofluorine (EOF) in freshwater and aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Koch Alina , Kärrman Anna , Yeung Leo W. Y. , Jonsson Micael , Ahrens Lutz , Wang Thanh
Published: September 2019

Major point sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) cause ubiquitous spread of PFASs in the environment.
Calix[4]arene-based polyoxometalate organic–inorganic hybrid and coordination polymer as heterogeneous catalysts for azide–alkyne cycloaddition and Knoevenagel condensation reaction
Authors: Yue Liu-Juan , Liu Ying-Ying , Xu Guo-Hai , Ma Jian-Fang
Published: September 2019

One POM-based Cu(i)-hybrid and one Cd(ii) compound have been achieved by a calix[4]arene ligand. They exhibit efficient catalytic abilities for azide–alkyne cycloaddition and Knoevenagel condensation reactions, respectively.
Glycosyl selenoacetates: versatile building blocks for the preparation of stereoselective selenoglycosides and selenium linked disaccharides
Authors: Manna Tapasi , Misra Anup Kumar
Published: September 2019

Glycosyl selenoacetate derivatives were prepared using potassium selenocyanate as a selenating agent. Selenoglycosides and selenium linked disaccharides were prepared in excellent yield using glycosyl selenoacetates as stable building blocks.
Optimized Co2+(Td)–O–Fe3+(Oh)electronic states in a spinel electrocatalyst for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction performance
Authors: Gao Xia , Liu Jinghai , Sun Yu , Wang Xia , Geng Zhibin , Shi Fangbing , Wang Xiyang , Zhang Wei , Feng Shouhua , Wang Ying , Huang Keke
Published: September 2019

The introduction of iron into Co3O4can induce a change in the electronic states of Co3+, which is an effective means to regulate the oxygen evolution reaction activity.
A hybrid blue perovskite@metal–organic gel (MOG) nanocomposite: simultaneous improvement of luminescence and stability
Authors: Mollick Samraj , Mandal Tarak Nath , Jana Atanu , Fajal Sahel , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: September 2019

Weakly blue emitting EAPbBr3NCs transformed into a highly intense blue material after embedding inside metal–organic gel (MOG) matrix. The nanocomposite showing outstanding stability in water and under UV light for longer period of time.
The preparation and mechanistic study of highly effective PtSnRu ternary nanorod catalysts toward the ethanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Huang Tzu-Hsi , Zheng Hong-Sheng , Cheng Yih-Ming , Liu Chen-Wei , Lee Sheng-Wei , Wang Jeng-Han , Wang Kuan-Wen
Published: September 2019

Although Pt-based anodes have shown promising electrochemical behaviors toward EOR, the rational optimization of structures and compositions of catalysts is not fully understood due largely to the lack of mechanistic insights.
Dissolution of concentrated surfactant solutions: from microscopy imaging to rheological measurements through numerical simulations
Authors: Castaldo Rosa Ilaria , Pasquino Rossana , Villone Massimiliano M. , Caserta Sergio , Gu Chong , Grizzuti Nino , Guido Stefano , Maffettone Pier Luca , Guida Vincenzo
Published: September 2019

Surfactant paste dissolution was investigated following a multi-technique approach. Independent rheological and optical data agree with simple diffusion-based multiparameter numerical model. The approach can be used to easily estimate phase diagram.
The potential of fog harvesting in tropical highlands as an alternative water resource: the case of Atok, Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Tan Fibor J. , Estanislao Maria Angelica P. , Gregorio Angelica Mhae A. , Navea Ivan Jeff D.
Published: September 2019

One of the sources of freshwater is groundwater, from below the ground. However, due to excessive human consumption and population growth, groundwater depletion has been a pressing problem all over the world, and it can lead to water scarcity in the future. In elevated areas where water scarcity is rampant due to its high elevation thus resulting in seasonal low surface and groundwater flow, the use of alternative water resources must be assessed. One of the alternative water resources is fog collectors which involves the use of fog harvesting technology. This paper aims to study the application of fog catchers in Atok, Benguet, Philippines by analyzing the fog water collected from standard fog catchers for one month. To determine the suitable fog catcher materials in the area, two types of mesh materials (Raschel mesh and Polypropylene) were installed and analyzed for their water collection ability, availability in the area, and strength to withstand environmental factors. An average of 0.30036 liter/meter/day and 0.20695 liter/meter/day of water were collected from the Raschel mesh and Polypropylene mesh, respectively. The results of this study can pave the way for further development and assessment of the application of fog catchers in the Philippines as an alternative water resource in elevated areas to provide solution to water scarcity.
A Review on photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects in China: conjunctures, current status and policy recommendations
Authors: Wu Peishi , Ke Siyu , Gao Yiling
Published: September 2019

Photovoltaic-based targeted poverty alleviation (PVPA) has been established for 10 years with the mission of one of “the ten large-scale poverty relief programs” in China. This paper would firstly examine the historical conjuncture of the PVPA, followed by the current status and the analysis of policy instruments. Results show that there are mainly three categories of policy instruments: the supply-type ones, the environment-oriented ones and the demand-type ones, with the previous two emphasized. The three most popular policy instruments that governments prefer to use are goal planning, financial support and infrastructure construction. Despite the great achievements, PVPA also need some improvements to be better implemented, and in the last part of the paper, some policy implementations are made regarding the unbalance distribution of the instruments among three above-mentioned classifications, as well as financial issues and accountability factors. It is suggested that governments should pay more attention to the demand-type policy instruments such as procurement or encouragement of the PV power generated by PVPA projects, and at the same time find better ways to supervise the benefit distribution.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of External Flow Field of the Van
Authors: Zhou Kan , Huang Ge , Liu Bin , Hu Qi
Published: September 2019

This paper uses CFD preprocessing software to build Van model and gridding it, then CFD software is used to simulation the outflow field of Van model, from which the distribution of pressure and velocity is obtained and the outflow field is analyzed. The calculation results indeed reflect the aerodynamic characteristics of the external flow field of the van, and the flow movement on the van surface is better simulated. In addition, the positions where the vortex motion is relatively severe are also found
Study on FuzzPID control of Shared Chamber Air Suspension for ride comfort
Authors: Li Mei , Wang Dezhi , Zhang Shaobo , Tan Silong , Ji Yingcong
Published: September 2019

In order to study a new type of air suspension system, the quarter dynamic model of semi-active suspension system is established based on FuzzPID control theory; At the same time, a test bench is established. Through analyzing the data which got in simulation and test, the result show that the performance of air spring parameters has obvious improvement on the acceleration of the vehicle body. Butthe performance on the deflection of the suspension and the dynamic tire load is not the same. By changing the frequency of sinusoidal excitation, the specific performance of ride comfort parameters in different sinusoidal excitation has been studied
Validation of a computational model of a press using 3D measurement with elimination of manufacturing inaccuracies
Authors: Keckstein T , Jirasko J , Votapek P
Published: September 2019

This paper focuses on advanced measurement methodology and its evaluation with the validation of an FEM computational model. Using the methods described in this paper, it is possible to implement values from FEM computation to places that are difficult or impossible to measure. The methods and analyses are carried out on a hydraulic press with a working force of 4000 kN used for pressing acoustic and interior parts from fabrics. The methodologies are not only limited to hydraulic presses, but are also generally applicable to other machines.
ACUTE LEUKEMIAS 2019: Akute Promyelozyten-Leukämie
Authors: Röper Ulrike
Published: September 2019

Die Standardbehandlung der Akuten Promyelozyten-Leukämie (APL) hat sich in den zurückliegenden 25 Jahren erheblich verbessert. Heutzutage können mehr als 90 % der Betroffenen quasi geheilt werden. Allerdings versterben nach wie vor etwa 10 % der Patienten im frühen Krankheitsstadium, beklagte Prof. Pierre Fenaux, Paris/Frankreich. Selbst die neuen Therapien konnten daran bislang kaum etwas ändern.
Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2019

Bei Diagnose eines Prostatakarzinoms können sich die Aspekte für eine Therapieentscheidung von Arzt und Patient in der Wichtigkeit sehr unterscheiden. Während der Arzt im Wesentlichen die Biologie der Erkrankung sieht, beschäftigen den Patienten möglicherweise seine Arbeitsfähigkeit, Angst vor Schmerzen und eine drohende Hilfsbedürftigkeit stärker. Prof. Alicia K. Morgans, Chicago/USA diskutierte beim ASCO GU den Einbezug von Daten zur Lebensqualität, Nebenwirkungen und Patientenfragebögen bei der Therapieentscheidung.
Understanding the origin of bandgap problem in transition and post-transition metal oxides
Authors: Tan Hengxin , Liu Haitao , Li Yuanchang , Duan Wenhui , Zhang Shengbai
Published: September 2019

Improving electronic structure calculations for practical and technologically important materials has been a never-ending pursue. This is especially true for transition and post-transition metal oxides for which the current first-principles approaches still suffer various drawbacks. Here, we present a hierarchical-hybrid functional approach built on the use of pseudopotentials. The key is to introduce different amounts of exact exchange to core and valence electrons. It allows for treating the delocalization errors of sp and d electrons differently, which have been known to be an important source of error for the band structure. Using wurtzite ZnO as a prototype, we show that the approach is successful in simultaneously reproducing the bandgap and d-band position. Importantly, the same approach, without having to change the hybrid mixing parameters from those of Zn, works reasonably well for other binary 3d transition and post-transition metal oxides across board. Our findings thus point out a new direction of systematically improving the exchange functional in first-principles calculations.
Turbulent transport and mixing in the multimode narrowband Richtmyer-Meshkov instability
Authors: Thornber B. , Griffond J. , Bigdelou P. , Boureima I. , Ramaprabhu P. , Schilling O. , Williams R. J. R.
Published: September 2019

The mean momentum and heavy mass fraction, turbulent kinetic energy, and heavy mass fraction variance fields, as well as the budgets of their transport equations are examined several times during the evolution of a narrowband Richtmyer-Meshkov instability initiated by a Mach 1.84 shock traversing a perturbed interface separating gases with a density ratio of 3. The results are computed using the “quarter scale” data from four algorithms presented in the θ-group study of Thornber et al. [“Late-time growth rate, mixing, and anisotropy in the multimode narrowband Richtmyer-Meshkov instability: The θ-group collaboration,” Phys. Fluids 29, 105107 (2017)]. The present study is inspired by a previous similar study of Rayleigh-Taylor instability and mixing using direct numerical simulation data by Schilling and Mueschke [“Analysis of turbulent transport and mixing in transitional Rayleigh-Taylor unstable flow using direct numerical simulation data,” Phys. Fluids 22, 105102 (2010)]. In addition to comparing the predictions of the data from four implicit large-eddy simulation codes, the budgets are used to quantify the relative importance of the terms in the transport equations, and the balance of the terms is employed to infer the numerical dissipation. Terms arising from the compressibility of the flow are examined, in particular the pressure-dilatation. The results are useful for validation of large-eddy simulation and Reynolds-averaged modeling of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability.
Spin rotation, glassy state, and magnetization switching in RCrO3 (R = La1-xPrx, Gd, and Tm): Reinvestigation of magnetization reversal
Authors: Yoshii Kenji
Published: September 2019

We have reinvestigated the magnetization reversal in perovskites La1–xPrxCrO3, GdCrO3, and TmCrO3 and show that spin rotation or reorientation plays a key role in this property. The magnetization of La1–xPrxCrO3 as well as other chromites, including GdCrO3 and TmCrO3, indicates that the disappearance of magnetization reversal when x is increased from ∼0.85 is caused by a flip of Pr3+ paramagnetic moments antiferromagnetically coupled with canted Cr3+ spins. This is due to a Zeeman energy of Pr3+ in analogy with a spin rotation in GdCrO3 and TmCrO3 below ∼25 K, denoted as the spin reorientation transition. Magnetic susceptibility measurements point to either superparamagnetic or single-molecule-magnet-like glassy behavior in all three systems, which is likely linked to a rotation of the R3+-Cr3+ coupling, as seen from magnetocalorimetry (R = La1–xPrx, Gd, and Tm). We also present a characteristic magnetization switching by rotating the R3+ moments with the aid of large Zeeman energies.
Effects of the extraction voltage on the beam divergence for a H− ion source
Authors: Lindqvist M. , Nishioka S. , Miyamoto K. , Hoshino K. , Lettry J. , Hatayama A.
Published: September 2019

Negative hydrogen (H−) ion sources have a wide range of applications. The general requirement for these H− ion sources is to produce intense H− ion beams with good beam optics. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effects of the beam extraction voltage on the beam divergence angle by three-dimensional Particle-in-Cell (PIC) modeling. Perveance matching has been studied for a wide range of the extraction voltage with the model geometry of a Linac4 H− ion source. The extracted H− beam divergence angle is evaluated for extraction voltages ranging from 7 to 14 kV by using the Keio-BFX PIC code. The results show divergence minima in the range of 9.2–11.5 kV for the case without surface H− production, which correspond to experimental results. The dependence of divergence on the extraction voltage is explained by the change of the shape of the meniscus. In particular, a flat meniscus corresponds to low beam divergence, and particles extracted through the center of the meniscus have a lower divergence than particles extracted near the Plasma Electrode.
Magnon drag effect in Fe-Co alloys
Authors: Zheng Yuanhua , Weiss Elan J. , Antolin Nikolas , Windl Wolfgang , Heremans Joseph P.
Published: September 2019

We report here a systematic study of the magnon-drag induced thermoelectric properties of Fe-rich, Fe-Co body-centered-cubic alloys. The sign of the low temperature behavior of thermopower is explained well by the hydrodynamic theory for magnon-drag, informed by density functional theory calculations of the ground state of Fe-Co alloys. The high-temperature thermopower of some of the alloys, and indeed that of elemental iron, changes the sign, as previously observed. We propose a mechanism to elucidate this hitherto unexplained observation. Further, the power factor of Fe72Co28 peaks around 35 μV/cm K2 at 500 K, comparable to the standard thermoelectric material Bi2Te3. Because of their high thermoelectric power factor, Fe-Co alloys are potential candidate thermoelectric metals for active cooling of electronic devices.
A versatile diamond anvil cell for X-ray inelastic, diffraction and imaging studies at synchrotron facilities
Authors: Petitgirard Sylvain , Jacobs Jeroen , Cerantola Valerio , Collings Ines E. , Tucoulou Remi , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Sahle Christoph J.
Published: September 2019

We present a new diamond anvil cell design, hereafter called mBX110, that combines both the advantages of a membrane and screws to generate high pressure. It enables studies at large-scale facilities for many synchrotron X-ray techniques and has the possibility to remotely control the pressure with the membrane as well as the use of the screws in the laboratory. It is fully compatible with various gas-loading systems as well as high/low temperature environments in the lab or at large scale facilities. The mBX110 possesses an opening angle of 85° suitable for single-crystal diffraction or Brillouin spectroscopy and a large side opening of 110° which can be used for X-ray inelastic techniques, such as X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy, but also for X-ray emission, X-ray fluorescence, or X-ray absorption. An even larger opening of 150° can be manufactured enabling X-ray imaging tomography. We report data obtained with the mBX110 on different beamlines with single-crystal diffraction of stishovite up to 55 GPa, X-ray powder diffraction of rutile-GeO2 and tungsten to 25 GPa and 280 GPa, respectively, X-Ray Raman spectra of the Si L-edge in silica to 95 GPa, and Fe Kβ X-ray emission spectra on a basalt glass to 17 GPa.
Barrier-assisted ion beam synthesis of transfer-free graphene on an arbitrary substrate
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Zhiduo , Yang Siwei , Zheng Li , Li Jiurong , Zhao Menghan , Zhu Wei , Xu Anli , Guo Qinglei , Chen Da , Ding Guqiao
Published: September 2019

In distinction to the generally utilized chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis that leads to multilayer graphene growth by carbon (C) synthesis from nickel (Ni), we proposed a controllable strategy to synthesize graphene on an arbitrary substrate through ion implantation technology, where the layer number of the obtained graphene film is accurately controlled by the corresponding dose of implanted C ions. To be specific, an oxide layer (NiO) was introduced as the barrier to prevent implanted C atom precipitation at the surface but at the interface. Various unusual substrates (such as sapphire, glass, SiO2, and Si), in terms of traditional CVD, have been utilized for growing high-quality graphene. Employing the as-grown graphene/Si, Schottky junction-based photodetectors with high responsivity (63 mA W−1) and high detectivity (∼1.4 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1) at 1550 nm are demonstrated without requiring any post-transfer process, thus avoiding additional contaminations, complexities, and costs during device fabrications. Our works afford a versatile technique for growing graphene on arbitrary substrates, with controllable layer numbers and transfer-free optoelectronic device fabrications, thus accelerating their further practical applications in electro-optical devices.
Attention to issues and facts
Authors: Vargo Chris J. , Hopp Toby
Published: September 2019

Need for orientation (NFO) has long been accepted as an antecedent to agenda-setting effects. This study assessed whether NFO can go further to explain a specific behavior, why individuals share political news on Facebook. A new method is introduced that combines survey data with users’ Facebook accounts and their actual Facebook posts to reveal the historical news sharing behaviors of 741 U.S. citizens. Computer-assisted content analysis is employed to analyze nearly a million messages for the presence of political news content. Results suggest that a key component found in need for orientation – attention to relevant issues and facts – predicts observed political news sharing on Facebook. Other demographics such as age and gender also predict news sharing behavior. In all, the model employed here significantly predicts news sharing while commonly regarded antecedents to political sharing, including news consumption and political interest, fail to do so.
Language focused episodes by monolingual teachers in English Medium Instruction science lessons
Authors: An Jiangshan , Macaro Ernesto , Childs Ann
Published: September 2019

This study is situated in a newly emerging EMI setting in China where an Anglophone high school curriculum is
taught by predominantly foreign teachers through English to local Chinese students. These teachers are termed ‘monolingual
teachers’ in the sense that they cannot use the students’ L1 as a resource in their teaching should they wish to, as opposed to
the typical bilingual teachers commonly explored in the existing EMI literature. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of
30 video-recorded EMI science lessons taught by 15 monolingual teachers we identified and explored the language-focused-episodes
(LFEs) where students’ attention was explicitly diverted from the content plane to the language plane. We found very limited
explicit language instruction, with non-technical vocabulary being the main type of LFEs, and only a narrow range of grammatical
features being attended to. The implications for this lack of focus on language are discussed in the context of monolingual
teachers but also with reference to the potential for bilingual teachers to use both L1 and L2 for LFEs.
Unconventional chiral d-wave superconducting state in strained graphene*
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2019

We consider a highly unconventional superconducting state with chiral d-wave symmetry in doped graphene under strain with the Gutzwiller–RVB method in the momentum space. It is shown that flat bands emerge in the normal state for reasonable strain. As a result, the superconducting critical temperature is found to be linearly proportional to the strength of the electron–electron interaction. Furthermore, the chiral d-wave superconducting state is shown with coexistence of the charge density wave and the pair density wave. There are different coexisting states with those orders under different doping levels.
NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime measurements in fixed biological tissues
Authors: Chacko Jenu V , Eliceiri Kevin W
Published: September 2019

Autofluorescence based fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (AF-FLIM) techniques have come a long way from early studies on cancer characterization and have now been widely employed in several cellular and animal studies covering a wide range of diseases. The majority of research in autofluorescence imaging (AFI) study metabolic fluxes in live biological samples. However, tissues from clinical or scientific studies are often chemically fixed for preservation and stabilization of tissue morphology. Fixation is particularly crucial for enzymatic, functional, or histopathology studies. Interpretations of metabolic imaging such as optical redox intensity imaging and AF-FLIM, have often been viewed as potentially unreliable in a fixed sample due to lack of studies in this field. In this study, we carefully evaluate the possibility of extracting microenvironment information in fixed tissues using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) endogenous fluorescence. The ability to distinguish changes such as metabolism and pH using intrinsic fluorescence in fixed tissues has great pathological value. In this work, we show that the lifetime based metabolic contrast in a sample is preserved after chemical fixation. The fluorescence lifetime of a sample increases with an additive fixative like formaldehyde; however, the fixed tissues retain metabolic signatures even after fixation. This study presents an opportunity to successfully image archived unstained histopathology tissues, and generate useful AF-FLIM signatures. We demonstrate the capability to draw metabolic interpretations in fixed tissues even after long periods of storage.
Moment methods in energy minimization: New bounds for Riesz minimal energy problems
Authors: de Laat David
Published: September 2019

We use moment techniques to construct a converging hierarchy of optimization problems to lower bound the ground state energy of interacting particle systems. We approximate (from below) the infinite-dimensional optimization problems in this hierarchy by block diagonal semidefinite programs. For this we develop the necessary harmonic analysis for spaces consisting of subsets of another space, and we develop symmetric sum-of-squares techniques. We numerically compute the second step of our hierarchy for Riesz

s
s

-energy problems with five particles on the two-dimensional unit sphere, where the

s
=
1

s=1

case is the Thomson problem. This yields new numerically sharp bounds (up to high precision) and suggests that the second step of our hierarchy may be sharp throughout a phase transition and may be universally sharp for five particles on the unit sphere. This is the first time a four-point bound has been computed for a problem in discrete geometry.