bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Anticancer Potential of Eugenol on Oral Cancer Cell Lines: A Systematic
Authors:   Undergraduate Dentistry Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, Wulan Shafa Nafisa , Anggraini Jamas Ari ,   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, Hidayat Wahyu ,   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Published: October 2024

Oral cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and has become a global health concern. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent form of oral cancer worldwide. Eugenol, an aromatic phenolic compound, exhibits various pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects. Several studies have reported the anticancer activity of eugenol against OSCC via different pathways. However, no current review has discussed the extent of eugenol anticancer research on oral cancer cell lines using in vitro studies. This systematic review aimed to discuss the anticancer potential of eugenol against oral cancer cell lines in vitro. Articles were selected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and EBSCOhost databases based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Additional articles were identified through manual hand searching. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines. A risk-of-bias assessment was performed to evaluate the reliability and relevance of the in vitro studies. Thirteen articles with high-quality results were assessed and analysed for further investigation. These studies investigated the ability of eugenol to induce cell death through apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways, inhibit cell proliferation and affect oxidative stress, contributing to cell death in several oral cancer cell lines. Therefore, eugenol is a potential anticancer agent for OSCC, as it exhibited anticancer activity in oral cancer cell lines in vitro studies.
Empowering Wellness: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Cancer Prehabilitation from Treatment Onset to Surveillance
Authors:   Nursing College, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saleh Ahmad Mahmoud , Al Daragemeh Aishah Ibraheem ,   Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, Abdel-Aziz Hassanat R. ,   Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Published: October 2024

Cancer prehabilitation, defined as a process occurring between cancer diagnosis and the onset of acute treatment, is highlighted for its ability to enhance physical and mental health results while decreasing overall healthcare costs. This summary introduces the concept of cancer prehabilitation and emphasises the crucial role of oncology nurses in rehabilitation care. The cancer treatment plan of prehabilitation requires timely and efficient assessment across the care continuum, focusing on enhancing outcomes at every stage of cancer. The battle with cancer involves three different assessments with distinct goals: i) prehabilitation evaluation before treatment, ii) early post-treatment evaluations of rehabilitation and iii) final evaluations of health promotion. Analyses and treatments for significant side effects or complications associated with the treatment specifically for prehabilitation are recommended. The roles of coordination, counseling, preparing for discharge and teaching are outlined as integral components of a cancer nurse’s responsibilities in the prevention of cancer. A literature search from March 2016 to June 2023 was conducted using the keywords ‘neoplasms,’ ‘cancer,’ ‘prehabilitation,’ ‘continuum of care,’ ‘care continuum,’ ‘patient care continuity,’ ‘epidemiology,’ ‘therapeutics,’ ‘health,’ ‘prevention and control’ and ‘guidelines as topic.’ The findings suggest that care coordinators or navigators for cancer should be educated to assess the physical and psychological status of patients once a cancer diagnosis is confirmed, particularly for those awaiting surgery at home. To enhance their competence in prehabilitation care, oncology nurses are encouraged to gain knowledge of certain tumours’ outcomes and cancer-related treatments. Additionally, improving the ability to evaluate patients’ functional status and emotional distress is crucial for oncology nurses involved in cancer prehabilitation.
Systematic Review of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Nursing Care
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Koo Thai Hau , Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen ,   Department of Surgery, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ng Jet Kwan ,   School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Leong Xue Bin ,   School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: October 2024

This systematic review explores the complex relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and healthcare, with an explicit focus on nursing care. Examining a range of studies from 2020, the research investigates the impact of AI on clinical decision-making, patient care and healthcare administration. Through a comprehensive literature review, the study highlights the potential benefits of AI integration in improving the efficiency and efficacy of healthcare. AI technologies offer opportunities for personalised patient care, predictive analytics and enhanced clinical processes, with the ultimate aim of transforming the healthcare system. However, ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks are crucial, emphasising patient privacy, autonomy and data security. The findings underscore the need for transparency, accountability and fairness in the application of AI in healthcare. While AI promises to improve patient outcomes and streamline healthcare delivery, careful consideration of ethical implications and regulatory compliance are essential for responsible implementation.
Factors and level of the total cardiovascular risk for people in the north-eastern Russia
Authors:   “Arktika” Scientific Research Center of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Karla Marksa Av., Magadan, 685000, Russian Federation, Bezmenova I.N. , Averyanova I.V. ,   “Arktika” Scientific Research Center of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Karla Marksa Av., Magadan, 685000, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

In northern regions, cardiovascular pathology tends to be more aggressive, is likely to occur at a young age already and often results in disability and even mortality among people who have not yet reached the retirement age. The aim of this study was to assess the structure and age-specific dynamics of basic factors able to cause cardiovascular diseases in men living in northern regions and the total cardiovascular risk. We conducted a one-center experimental cross-sectional comparative one-sample study of 116 men living in the north of the Magadan region. The complex study program included questioning, anthropometric examination, laboratory biochemical tests and molecular-genetic screening of candidate genes of essential hypertension (AGT (rs 4762), AGTR1 (rs5186), ADD1 (rs4961), NOS3 (rs2070744), and АСЕ (rs4340)). Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The total cardiovascular risk was calculated using the SCORE scale. The structure of basic risk factors that can cause cardiovascular diseases in men in the Magadan region includes both modifiable (smoking, obesity, essential hypertension, and dyslipidemia) and non-modifiable ones (climatic-geographic and genetic risk factors) in various age groups. With age, risk factors exert stronger influence on each other thus aggravating the clinical course of cardiovascular diseases and increasing risks of fatal cardiac events. This is especially important for northern regions where people are exposed to such non-modifiable risk factors as extreme climate. Moderate risk of cardiovascular diseases (according to the SCORE scale) was established for all men living in the North already at a young age. Therefore, a key task is to develop a strategy for active prevention of cardiovascular pathology that covers public at large starting from younger age groups.
Climate change and forest fires as health risk factors (Analytical review)
Authors:   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Nakhimovskii Ave., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation, Revich B.A.
Published: October 2024

Climate change in Russia contributes to an increase in the number of forest fires, especially in Siberia and the Far East, leading to the rise in the forest fire danger index. Increased air pollution, which is typical for a number of cities in these regions, is the reason for changes in population health due to the influx of significant volumes of smoke gases from forest fires into populated areas. Smoke from forest fires, consists of aerosols and gases and contains more than 40 pollutants. During fires, frequency of calls for emergency medical care for children tends to increase due to exacerbation of upper respiratory tract diseases, including laryngitis, pharyngitis and acute respiratory infections, as well as attacks of bronchial asthma, and longer exacerbation periods of this disease. Such respiratory dysfunctions appear a few days after fires, which should be taken into account when organizing health monitoring in such situations. Among adult population, an increase in the number of deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases has been proven during forest fires, and there tends to be an increase in the number of requests for medical care for COPD, bronchial asthma, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease and other diseases. Fires in forest highlands in the Khabarovsk Krai result in deteriorating health of patients with neurological diseases. The generalization of the results obtained by domestic and foreign studies on this issue confirms the need to improve the air pollution monitoring system during forest fires with the determination of PM for timely preventive measures by health systems, Rospotrebnadzor, FMBA and other agencies. It also seems necessary to develop modeling of pollutant spread in ambient air in settlements exposed to them, with assessments of population health risks and development of preventive measures. Given the relevance of these studies, it is advisable to hold seminars with BRICS countries within the framework of international cooperation.
Methodological aspects of using allostatic load analysis in assessing health of working population exposed to adverse occupational factors (Analytical review)
Authors:   Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, 1a Zarechnaya St., Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation, Bezrukova G.A. , Mikerov A.N. ,   Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, 1a Zarechnaya St., Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation,   Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, 112 Bol’shaya Kazachaya St., Saratov, 410012, Russian Federation, Novikov T.A. ,   Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, 1a Zarechnaya St., Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Preventive medicine of pathogenetically based technologies for prenosological diagnostics of health risks at the stage of reversible physiological dysregulation is being introduced into practice as a relevant strategy for preserving population. It provides suitable conditions for timely prevention of chronic diseases and reducing risks of premature mortality among working age population. Using resources of the scientific information systems CyberLeninka, eLibrary, PubMed and Google scholar, the authors analyzed and summarized scientific literature data on methodological aspects and problems related to practical appli-cation of the concept of allostasis and allostatic load (AL) in assessing and predicting health risks for working population. The review focuses on the main causes of physiological dysregulation leading to AL formation under environmental exposures, including occupational ones; presents the most popular biomarkers of the functional state of the neuroendocrine, immune-inflammatory, cardiovascular and metabolic systems included in the sets of variables for determining the AL index. The review also provides the description of the most common algorithms for calculating the AL index used in preventive examinations of workers and highlights methodological approaches to the correction of AL values with regular intake of medicines. The sex-specific age dynamics of AL is presented; attention is drawn to the aggravating effect produced on AL by negative behavioral factors. The review shows that it is still difficult to introduce this methodology into routine practices of preventive medical examinations of working population despite the proven diagnostic and prognostic significance of the prenosological diagnosis of health disorders based on AL. This is mostly due to lack of consensus on standardized approaches to creating sets of biomarker scales and a method for calculating the AL index, as well as considering the sex factor and contribution of therapeutic effects to cumulative assessment of risks of developing physiological dysfunctions.
Methodological aspects of using allostatic load analysis in assessing health of working population exposed to adverse occupational factors (Analytical review)
Authors:   aratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, 1a Zarechnaya St., Saratov, 410022, Russian Federatio, Bezrukova G.A. , Mikerov A.N. ,   aratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, 1a Zarechnaya St., Saratov, 410022, Russian Federatio,   Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, 112 Bol’shaya Kazachaya St., Saratov, 410012, Russian Federation, Novikova T.A. ,   aratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, 1a Zarechnaya St., Saratov, 410022, Russian Federatio
Published: October 2024

Preventive medicine of pathogenetically based technologies for prenosological diagnostics of health risks at the stage of reversible physiological dysregulation is being introduced into practice as a relevant strategy for preserving population. It provides suitable conditions for timely prevention of chronic diseases and reducing risks of premature mortality among working age population. Using resources of the scientific information systems CyberLeninka, eLibrary, PubMed and Google scholar, the authors analyzed and summarized scientific literature data on methodological aspects and problems related to practical appli-cation of the concept of allostasis and allostatic load (AL) in assessing and predicting health risks for working population. The review focuses on the main causes of physiological dysregulation leading to AL formation under environmental exposures, including occupational ones; presents the most popular biomarkers of the functional state of the neuroendocrine, immune-inflammatory, cardiovascular and metabolic systems included in the sets of variables for determining the AL index. The review also provides the description of the most common algorithms for calculating the AL index used in preventive examinations of workers and highlights methodological approaches to the correction of AL values with regular intake of medicines. The sex-specific age dynamics of AL is presented; attention is drawn to the aggravating effect produced on AL by negative behavioral factors. The review shows that it is still difficult to introduce this methodology into routine practices of preventive medical examinations of working population despite the proven diagnostic and prognostic significance of the prenosological diagnosis of health disorders based on AL. This is mostly due to lack of consensus on standardized approaches to creating sets of biomarker scales and a method for calculating the AL index, as well as considering the sex factor and contribution of therapeutic effects to cumulative assessment of risks of developing physiological dysfunctions.
Identifying Mechanism of RSV for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis via Suppressing Inflammation Response Through IL-17 Signaling Pathway from the Perspectives of in silico Study
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Shi Jiamiao , Jia Ning , Sun Qinru
Published: October 2024

Background:

Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis (IPF) could cause severe pulmonary injury and have extremely dismal
prognoses with a high risk of mortality. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, has
promising potential in the treatment of viral infection and pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective:

The purpose of this research was to investigate the unclear mechanism of RSV
as an anti-COVID-19 and IPF therapy.

Method:

Utilizing relevant databases, the intersection of genes related to IPF, COVID-19,
and possible RSV targets was discovered. Then the obtained targets were investigated using
GO and KEGG analysis, TP and PPI network analysis. Furthermore, the binding affinities
between core targets and RSV were calculated using molecular docking.

Results:

The 1101 COVID-19 targets, 2166 IPF targets, and 341 RSV targets intersected
with 21 overlapping targets. PPI network reveals the interactions among targets and TP
network reveals interactions between targets and pathways. Five targets including JUN,
CCL2, CXCL8, IL6, and SERPINE1 were identified as the core targets through two network
analyses. GO analysis demonstrated chemotaxis, inflammatory response and angiogenesis
were the significant pathophysiological processes. Combing TP network analysis
and KEGG analysis, IL-17 signaling pathway was considered as the significant pathway.
Except for JUN, molecular docking showed the binding energies of other four targets
were lower than -5 kcal/mol indicating intimate interactions between RSV and other targets.

Conclusions:

Our research elucidate the targets, pathways and pathophysiological processes
of RSV involved in effects of anti-COVID-19 and IPF, suggesting RSV could be a therapeutic
candidate for reducing infection and fibrosis.
FOXN3-AS1: A Candidate Prognostic Marker and Epigenetic Target with Immunotherapeutic Implications in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ge Fangfang , Wang Yulu , Chen Peng , Sharma Amit , Huang Xiaoli , Dakal Tikam Chand , Wang Zifeng , Jaehde Ulrich , Essler Markus , Schmid Matthias , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G.H.
Published: October 2024

Aim:

We focused on the FOXN3 gene and selected its antisense transcripts
(FOXN3-AS1) to investigate its potential involvement in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Background:

Several integrated multi-omics datasets have expanded the horizons of the cancer
landscape. With the emergence of new high-throughput technologies, a large number of
non-coding RNAs have been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of different types of
hematological malignancies.

Methods:

We conducted experimental validation using quantitative polymerase chain reaction
(qPCR) with bone marrow specimens from AML patients. Then, Kaplan-Meier (KM) and Receiver
Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to substantiate the prognostic association
between FOXN3-AS1 and AML patients within the TCGA database. Correlation between
FOXN3-AS1 expression and gene mutation, immune, and immune function using Spearman
correlation analysis. To explore the physical and functional interaction between FOXN3-AS1
and the DNMT1 protein, we utilized the RPISeq web tool from Iowa State University. Subsequently,
we performed qPCR experiments to test the effect of 5AzaC (DNMT1 inhibitor) on
FOXN3-AS1 expression AML cell lines (THP1 and OCI-AML3). We leveraged the “OncoPredict”
R package in conjunction with the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity (GDSC) database to predict
drug response in AML patients expressing FOXN3-AS1.

Results:

We observed a significant upregulation of FOXN3-AS1 expression in AML patients
compared to healthy controls using clinical samples. The TCGA database revealed an association
between high FOXN3-AS1 expression and adverse prognosis. In our subsequent analysis,
genes with poor prognostic implications in AML patients were exclusively identified in the
FOXN3-AS1 high-expression group, further corroborating this relationship. AML patients
with higher FOXN3-AS1 expression levels may respond less optimally to immunotherapy than
patients with lower levels. Besides, we computationally predicted the interaction of FOXN3-
AS1 and DNMT1 protein and experimentally confirmed that DNMT1i (GSK-3484862) affects
the expression level of FOXN3-AS1. We also found that the chemotherapy drugs (5-Fluorouralic,
Cisplatin, Dactolisib, Sapitinib, Temozolomide, Ulixertinib, Vinorelbine, Ruxolitinib, Osimertinib
and Cisplatin) showed favorable responses in AML patients with high FOXN3-AS1
expression levels.

Conclusion:

Our candidate approach identifies FOXN3-AS1 as a prognostic indicator of survival
in AML with a potential immune-related role. The preliminary observations we made on
FOXN3-AS1/DNMT1 crosstalk warrant more in-depth invested immunotherapeutic approaches
in AML.
Synthesis, DFT, ADMET, and Docking studies of Novel Sulfonyl Piperidine Analogues containing 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5-Carboxamide
Authors: Reddy Tummuri Sudheer , Raja Karreddula , Pitchika Gopi Krishna , Surendra Babu Manubolu Surya
Published: October 2024

Background:

The development of effective anti-cancer medicines with low
side effects is imperative as cancer continues to be a leading cause of death globally. By
obstructing the survival and growth of cancer cells, small-molecule medications have
made tremendous progress in the field of cancer research. Several bioactive heterocyclic
compounds, including derivatives of piperidine and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, have shown
great promise and are found in various anti-cancer medications. Cancer growth and metastasis
are hindered by these small molecule inhibitors, which interfere with vital signals
that drive cancer cell proliferation.

Objective:

This study focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of novel Sulfonyl Piperidine
Analogues containing 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5-Carboxamide as potential anti--
cancer agents.

Methods:

The synthesized compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques
such as 1H NMR and ESI-MS. Protein-drug interaction studies, DFT analysis,
and target prediction techniques were employed. The anti-cancer properties of the compounds
were evaluated in vitro against MCF-7 cell lines. Compounds 5 and 7 were specifically
investigated for their growth-inhibitory effects on MCF7 breast cancer cells.

Results:

Compounds5 and 7 demonstrated strong binding affinity towards both mutated
BRCA1 (PDB ID: 1N5O) and BRCA2 (PDB ID:8BR9). Furthermore, they displayed
notable efficacy against MCF-7 cell lines.

Conclusion:

Synthesized compounds displayed activity against MCF-7 cell lines, supporting
findings from in-silico predictions. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate
the mechanisms of action of these selected molecules against MCF-7 cell types.
From Proteomics to Diagnosis: Biomarker Discovery in Tuberculosis Research
Authors: Yang Jiarong , Zheng Jianhua
Published: October 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death from a single infectious disease
worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis is advantageous for timely detection and
prompt treatment, thereby reducing the risk of disease transmission, which is essential
for effective TB control. Biomarkers provide a valuable resource for TB diagnosis. Proteomic
technologies have emerged as a powerful tool in biomarker discovery. In this perspective,
we explore how proteomic technologies contribute to the discovery of TB diagnostic
biomarkers. We also address the challenges and discuss prospective methods to
augment the performance of biomarkers in diagnosing TB.
Protective Effect of Aloe-emodin on Cognitive Function in Copper-loaded
Rats Based on The Inhibition of Hippocampal Neuron Ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Xie , Chen Hong , Shao Nan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Huang Chenye , Li Xiangjun , Zhang Juan , Chang Ze , Tang Le , Xie Daojun
Published: October 2024

Background:

Aloe-emodin (AE), a monomer derived from traditional Chinese
medicine, has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the clinical management of cognitive disorders.
Ferroptosis (FPT), a specialized form of programmed cell death, plays a critical role in the
pathological progression of various cognitive diseases.

Methods:

This study explored the therapeutic potential of AE in a rat model of Wilson's disease
cognitive impairments (WDCI) and examined whether these effects are mediated through the silencing
information regulator 1 (SIRT1)-regulated FPT signaling pathway. Employing techniques,
such as the Morris water maze (MWM), Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining, Transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), Immunofluorescence (IF), assessments of oxidative stress markers, and
measurements of FPT-related protein levels, we evaluated the extent of SIRT1-mediated FPT and
the therapeutic efficacy of AE.

Results:

The findings from the WD copper-loaded rat model experiments revealed that MWM,
H&E, TEM, and IF outcomes indicated AE's potential to promote the restoration of learning and
memory functions, ameliorate hippocampal neuronal morphological damage, and preserve cell
membrane integrity. Results from western blot (WB) and ELISA analyses demonstrated that AE
markedly upregulated the expression of SIRT1, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2),
solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SCL7A11), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) proteins
while simultaneously reversing the expression of oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde
(MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species
(ROS). Consequently, we posit that AE may attenuate WD copper-loaded rat model hippocampal
neuronal FPT by activating the SIRT1-mediated signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

These findings suggested that AE mitigates WD copper-loaded rat model hippocampal
neuronal damage through the activation of SIRT1-mediated FPT, thereby presenting a valuable
candidate Chinese herbal monomer for the clinical treatment of WDCI.
A Combination Therapy of Cyclophosphamide and Immunomodulating Agents in Cancer
Authors: Bakar Siti Nursyahirah , Kue Chin Siang
Published: October 2024

Cyclophosphamide is a precursor of alkylating nitrogen mustard and was initially claimed to have antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. However, the role of cyclo-phosphamide as an immune activator has also been reported, depending on the dosage used. The application of lower-dose cyclophosphamide has emerged as a potential approach to cancer treatment. Cyclophosphamide selectively depletes regulatory T cells (Tregs), which dampens the immunological response, thereby rebalancing the immune system to allow other immune cells to act more efficiently. Cyclophosphamide can be either a friend or a foe in cancer treatment, de-pending on the therapeutic regime. The following questions remain to be answered: Can the cy-clophosphamide be used in the presence of other agents? Is there any single immunotherapeutic agent that acts synergistically with cyclophosphamide to effectively alter the immunosuppres-sive tumor microenvironment? This review emphasizes the role of cyclophosphamide as an im-mune modulator, both alone and in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents, for effec-tive cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical settings.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Fatigue and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Long COVID and its Correlation with Symptom
Severity
Authors: Charoenporn Veevarin , Charernboon Thammanard
Published: October 2024

Background:

Despite the potential role of vitamin D in the acute phase of COVID-19,
studies on its prevalence and association with long COVID severity are limited, leaving the relationship
between vitamin D levels and long COVID symptoms unclear.

Aim:

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients
with fatigue or neuropsychiatric symptoms of long COVID and its correlation with the severity
of symptoms.

Methods:

A cross-sectional, single-center study was conducted at Thammasat University Hospital,
Thailand. The study recruited participants between the ages of 18 and 60 years who had received
a diagnosis of COVID-19 and had at least one long COVID symptom, including fatigue or
neuropsychiatric symptoms. Vitamin D level was collected, and clinical severity was assessed using
the Chalder Fatigue Scale [CFQ-11], Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items
[DASS-21], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III
[ACE], and Trail Making Test A & B [TMT-A and TMT-B].

Results:

A total of 82 patients were recruited; most were female [78%], with a mean age of 34.2
years. Most participants had a vitamin D deficiency [<20 ng/mL, 73.2%], accounting for 23.2% vitamin
D insufficiency [20-30 ng/mL], and 3.6% had an adequate vitamin D level. Only gender
was associated with vitamin D levels. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the vitamin D level
was not correlated with all clinical outcomes, including total CFQ, total DASS, DASS depression,
DASS anxiety, total PSQI, total ACE score, and total TMT scores.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was high in patients with
long COVID, with female gender serving as predictors of lower vitamin D levels. However, no associations
were found between vitamin D level and fatigue syndrome, depression, anxiety, sleep
problems, or cognitive function.
Heterocyclic Compounds as Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Against Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Gado Sarah , Hassan Mohammed Al-Kassim , Kisla Mehmet Murat , Ates-Alagoz Zeynep
Published: October 2024

Despite significant progress in oncology therapeutics, cancer remains a leading cause of
mortality worldwide. Chronic myeloid leukemia, which accounts for 15% of all adult leukemia
cases, is characterized by chromosomal abnormalities involving the fusion of the Bcr and Abl genes
to form the Bcr-Abl oncogene. Current drug treatment of the disease involves the use of Bcr-Abl
tyrosine kinase inhibitors belonging to the first, second, and third generations. However, the toxicity
and resistance associated with the use of imatinib, a first-generation Bcr-Abl inhibitor, in cases
where the T315I mutation exists, necessitates the need for new tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review
focuses on recent synthetic compounds that exhibit potential as inhibitors of the Bcr-Abl protein
which could be utilized in chemotherapy. Herein, we evaluated and summarized 36 studies
published in the last few years that reported on newly synthesized and biologically evaluated novel
small molecules with different heterocyclic scaffolds as Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The
intricacy of the structure of newly synthesized compounds and the fact that each compound contains
more than one scaffold makes it difficult to infer the potentially active core or scaffold. However,
investigating different combined scaffolds enhances the chance of successfully developing
novel drug candidates. Overall, the information provided in this review can be beneficial to researchers
with an interest in chronic myeloid leukemia and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Optimization of Graphene-based Antenna using Metasurface for THz Applications using Ensemble Learning models
Authors: Sharma Nipun , Kaur Amrit
Published: October 2024

Aims and Background:

These days, communication is governed by scaled-down devices
with extremely high data transfer rates. The days of data transfer rates in megabytes are long
gone and the systems are touching data speeds of hundreds of gigabytes. To cater to this requirement,
the evolution of metasurface-based antennas working in the THz frequency range is gaining
pace.

Objectives and Methodology:

Metasurface layers in antennas have unique mechanical and electrical
properties that make them feasible. Graphene is a preferred metasurface material when designing
antennas. In this paper, two novel designs of graphene-based metasurface antennas are proposed.
These patch antennas with graphene metasurface layers have two configurations for slotted
patches. Both graphene and gold-slotted patches are tested in this paper, and results are presented
and validated for various performance parameters like return loss, peak gain, peak directivity, and
radiation efficiency.

Results:

The design of the proposed Graphene Patch Antennas (GPA) is done in HFSS, and once
the design is complete, the data is collected for variations in antenna parameters and is further processed
via machine learning for better convergence in terms of return loss using ensemble learning.
Optimal tuning of antenna components like substrate length, patch length, slot width, etc., is done
using two regressor algorithms viz Histogram-based Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (HBDT)
and Random Forest Tree (RFT) in machine learning. The radiation efficiencies of the two designs
presented in this work are 89.04%, 97.54%, an average radiation efficiency of of 93.29%. The
bandwidth of the two antenna designs is 8.63 THz and 8.69 THz, respectively.

Conclusion:

Experimental results indicate that the proposed designs are achieved better
bandwidth, and radiation efficiencies compared to state-of-art designs.
Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery System for Modern Therapeutics
Authors: Gandhi Shivani , Shastri Divyesh Harshadkumar
Published: October 2024

The emergence of lipid-based nanoparticulate systems has significantly reshaped the
landscape of drug delivery. This review aims to encapsulate the advancements, challenges, and
potential of lipid-based nanoparticulate drug delivery in modern therapeutics. Lipid-based nanoparticles,
including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles, harness the
biocompatibility and biodegradability of lipids to encapsulate and deliver a diverse range of
therapeutic agents. This platform offers solutions to various drug delivery challenges, such as
enhancing drug solubility and bio- availability, achieving controlled and sustained release, targeted
delivery, and co-delivery of multi-agents. These nanoparticles have demonstrated potential
in overcoming biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, mucosal barriers, and
cellular barriers, enabling the delivery of drugs to previously inaccessible sites. Biocompatibility
and reduced toxicity are intrinsic attributes of lipid-based nanoparticles, minimizing immune
responses and systemic toxicity while promoting personalized medicine possibilities.
However, challenges in formulation, stability, and regulatory approval underscore the need for
ongoing research and innovation in this field.
Exploring Emergent Nanotechnology Applications in Mechanical and Health Engineering
Authors: Nobile Lucio , Nobile Stefano
Published: October 2024

Nanotechnology is a promising area of research in science and technology with potential
benefits in automotive, aircraft, construction, energy, healthcare, agriculture, food processing, although
it has its own risks in environmental sustainability. Recent advances in this area have stimulated
research and their applications in different fields, with important results in mechanical engineering
and health engineering. The aim of this article is to give an overview of some recent advances
of nanotechnology, exploring emerging applications of these typical technologies. Examples
of some successful practical applications in mechanical and healthcare engineering based on this
technology are given, and an analysis of the prospects and main problems of this area is also conducted.
Furthermore, mechanical engineers and health professionals would find this review valuable
in updating their knowledge on the latest developments in nanotechnology applications.
Graphene Coating and its Effect on Performance of Box Type Solar Cooker: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Swarnkar Harshita , Jain Ritu , Tiwari Amit
Published: October 2024

Background:

Solar cookers have been the subject of several theoretical and empirical
investigations, with numerous modifications attempted to increase efficiency and security. Solar
cookers need much sophisticated research and enhancement work to function better. A thorough
grasp of the application of graphene in box-type solar cooking systems is crucial for both solar energy
and graphene.

Objective:

To improve the performance of box-type solar cookers, this patent research aims to offer
an experimental investigation and insightful information on of applying graphene coating to the absorber
plate and its derivative.

Materials and Methods:

To ensure equal dispersion of graphene into the black paint, three samples
containing (1, 3, and 5wt%) of graphene embedded with the paint were produced with 1mm, 3mm,
and 5mm thickness of the coating and stirred at 400 rpm for two hours using a magnetic stirrer. Xray
diffraction and scanning electron microscopy have been studied to comprehend the influence of
graphene nanoparticles on the surface morphology of the coated absorber panel. Performance evaluations
of the box-type solar cookers were conducted with and without a graphene coating on the
absorber plate, and data has been recorded for each case.

Results:

The results of patent research show that the absorber plate with (1, 3, and 5wt.%) of graphene
embedded with black paint 1mm, 3mm, and 5mm thickness coating has a maximum thermal
efficiency of 41.48% with 97.08 W cooking power, 46% with 109.35 W cooking power, and 49%
with 114.77 W cooking power for the average solar irradiation is 978 W/m2.

Discussion:

It was determined that the cooking power (P), the first figure of merit (F1), and the second
figure of merit (F2) were all satisfactorily achieved. Embedding black paint into graphene
coating has been shown to significantly influence the heat transmission and thermal performance
enhancement of box-type solar cookers, as demonstrated by the findings of X-ray diffraction and
Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis.

Conclusion:

The current research makes it abundantly evident that the incorporation of graphene
into the absorber plate of a box-type solar cooker, together with the application of a black paint
coating, leads to increased heat transfer rates, which in turn provides an increase in cooking power.
Because of this, graphene is an attractive nanomaterial that has the potential to improve the performance
of box-type solar cookers, which is the novelty of this research work.
Microwave Assisted Williamson Synthesis: A Green Approach towards the Preparation of Ethers
Authors: Devasthali Seema , Kulkarni Aparna , Bhatkar Neha , Waghadhare Shruti
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Microwave-assisted reactions align with the principles of green chemistry
by significantly reducing synthesis time, avoiding high temperatures, and typically yielding high
product quantities.

Method:

A catalyst was synthesized from waste banana peels, ensuring both availability and lowcost
production. Ethers were synthesized using microwave irradiation at 300W, employing two different
alkyl halide variants with both substituted and unsubstituted phenols.

Results:

The reaction proceeded efficiently without the need for corrosive bases such as caustic
soda or caustic potash. Microwave irradiation facilitated reduced reaction times for ether formation.
Additionally, the supported catalyst demonstrated the advantage of reusability.

Conclusion:

This protocol offers several benefits, including the use of a green solvent and the exclusion
of phase transfer catalysts and harsh conditions. Consequently, an efficient and green synthesis
of ethers has been achieved.
Bio-Adsorbent for Elimination of Reactive Dye from Aqueous Solution: Kinetic and Statistical Modelling Study
Authors: K. Verma Akshaya
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Background:

The use of various dyes to colour products is a general
practice in various industries. The occurrence of these dyes in water, even at small
concentrations, is highly noticeable and aesthetically objectionable. In the present study,
the applicability of inexpensive and eco-friendly bio-adsorbent has been tested as an alternative
substitution of the commercially available activated carbon for the removal of reactive
dye from the aqueous solution.

Materials and Methods:

Bio-adsorbent prepared from pomegranate peel was successfully
used to remove the reactive dye (Reactive Black 5) from the aqueous solution. The effects
of major parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on dye removal efficiency
were studied. Statistical models were articulated based on selected variables to optimize
the decolourisation efficiency of the adsorption process using a full factorial central
composite design.

Results:

Dye removal efficiency of close to 100% was observed at a pH 12 using 1 g adsorbent/
200 mL dye solution within a contact time of 60 min., yielding a virtually colourless
solution. A fixed-bed column study with an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L at
bed depths of 4 cm, 8 cm, and 12 cm yielded a breakthrough time of 300 min, 570 min,
and 780 min, respectively.

Discussion:

Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were applied to analyze
the sorption equilibrium parameters. The experimental results of the analysis revealed that
the Langmuir isotherm fits better than the other isotherms with a linear regression coefficient
(R2) of 0.99. The high correlation coefficient (R² > 0.95) and low p-values (< 0.0001)
indicate that the model and its terms are significant, making it effective for optimizing operational
parameters and accurately predicting the response.

Conclusion:

The breakthrough curve serves as a tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the
prepared adsorbent in real-world applications. The present work not only provides an alternative
to commercially available activated carbon for dye wastewater colour removal
but also emphasizes the importance of repurposing fruit residues, which could otherwise
become environmental pollutants if improperly disposed of.
Recent Advancement of Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Topical Anaesthesia Formulations
Authors: Sahu Sumit , Ghosh Vijayalakshmi , Jain Parag , Ajazuddin
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there have been exciting developments in improving how we deliver
anaesthesia through the skin. Nanotechnology is a key player, using tiny particles to encapsulate
and transport anaesthetic agents, ensuring a controlled and steady release. This helps overcome
challenges like inconsistent absorption and short-lasting effects seen with traditional methods.
Transdermal patches are gaining attention too; they release drugs slowly and steadily, eliminating
the need for frequent reapplication while maintaining a constant drug level at the application site.
Smart polymers are bringing innovation by responding to specific triggers, enabling on-demand
drug release. This allows for personalized anaesthesia based on individual patient needs. In recent
years, there have been exciting developments in improving how we deliver anaesthesia through
the skin. Nanotechnology is a key player, using tiny particles to encapsulate and transport anaesthesia
agents, ensuring a controlled and steady release. This helps overcome challenges like inconsistent
absorption and other short-lasting effects seen with traditional methods. Microemulsion systems,
made of water, oil, surfactants, and co-surfactants, are another promising approach. They enhance
drug solubility and availability, providing a stable environment for including anaesthesia
agents. Transdermal patches are gaining attention too; they release drugs slowly and steadily, eliminating
the need for frequent reapplication and maintaining a constant drug level at the application
site. Smart polymers are bringing innovation by responding to specific triggers, enabling on-demand
drug release. This allows for personalized anaesthesia based on individual patient needs. Together,
these advancements mark a significant shift towards more effective, patient-friendly, and
personalized topical anaesthesia delivery systems.
The Relationship of Self-Care Knowledge Towards COVID-19 Crisis with Anxiety and Quality of Life in Infertile Women
Authors: Sharifi Farangis , Jahromi Bahia Namavar , Alirezaei Somayeh , Bordbar Mohammadreza Fayyazi , Roudsari Robab Latifnejad
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Self-care is any activity that establishes and maintains one’s own health and
prevents and deals with illnesses. According to the evidence, epidemiological crises affect individuals'
mental health. Also, dealing with infertility can lead to mental health issues. The present study
aimed to investigate the relationship of self-care knowledge towards the COVID-19 crisis with anxiety
and quality of life in infertile women.

Methods:

A cross-sectional online survey via the social media platform WhatsApp based on convenience
sampling of infertile women was conducted from April to December 2019 during the COVID-
19 pandemic in Infertility centers of Shiraz, a metropolis in the South of Iran. Data was collected by
demographic and infertility-related questionnaire, self-structured questionnaire of self-care
knowledge towards the COVID-19 crisis, Spielberger state anxiety and Fertility Quality of Life
questionnaire using Porsline software on a self-report basis. Inclusion criteria were infertile women
active in the virtual network. SPSS software IBM company version 20 was used for data analysis.

Results:

Most of the participants (62.2%) had average self-care knowledge about Covid-19. There
was an inverse, and significant relationship between self-care knowledge of COVID-19 and anxiety
of infertile women, i. e., the lower level of self-care knowledge of infertile women towards Covid-19
crisis was associated with a higher level of anxiety (p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found
between the level of self-care knowledge of COVID-19 and infertile women’s quality of life (P >
0.05).

Conclusion:

Increasing self-care knowledge of COVID-19 among infertile women could affect their
mental health. Education and increasing self-care knowledge during pandemics are recommended to
manage the anxiety of infertile women and, as a consequence, promote fertility.
Evaluation of a Kenaf Nanocrystalline Cellulose-based Hydrogel Containing
Platelet Lysate for Full-thickness Wound Healing
Authors: Bhatnagar Payal , Law Jia-Xian , Ng Shiow-Fern
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Healing full-thickness wounds is often challenging and time-consuming, with
complications such as scarring and infections. The standard treatment, split skin grafting, has limitations
due to the availability of healthy donors and suitability for immunocompromised patients.

Method:

Autologous platelet lysate (PL) has been popular for tissue regenerative potential because
it contains growth factors (GF) and is a safer option for bedridden patients with weak immune systems.
However, PL has inconsistent clinical efficacy, high costs, and a short half-life. To address
these issues, this study explores a novel delivery system by fabricating a chitosan/nanocrystalline
cellulose (CS/NCC) hydrogel to sustainably deliver autologous PL to the wound site. Notably, NCC
was prepared from kenaf bast fibers using acid hydrolysis and integrated into the CS matrix through
physical entrapment without any chemical crosslinkers. The composite hydrogel was then enriched
with autologous PL and further characterized for its physicochemical properties, in vitro GF release,
and compatibility with skin cells. At the molecular level, gene expression of wound healing genes
was facilitated using qPCR, revealing that the PL-supplemented hydrogel upregulated the expression
of extracellular matrix genes. An in vivo study using a full-thickness wound model demonstrated
that the CS-NCC-PL hydrogel dressing achieved 81.8% wound closure within 14 days, compared
to the control groups.

Result:

Histological analysis indicated enhanced re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen
deposition. Particularly, the CS-NCC-PL hydrogel group showed a significantly higher hydroxyproline
content (60.62 ± 11.46 μg/100 mg) by day 14. Immunohistochemistry results revealed elevated
levels of α-SMA and CD31, markers of myofibroblast presence and angiogenesis, peaking at day 7.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that the CS-NCC-PL hydrogel is a promising personalized
wound dressing for bedridden patients, offering improved healing outcomes in hospital settings.