bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yaşlılarda Kırılganlığın Önlenmesi ve Yönetiminde Kanıta Dayalı Yaklaşımlar
Authors: DOĞAN Ayşe Buket , CANBOLAT Özlem
Published: September 2023

Kırılganlık “Bireyin artan bağımlılığını ve ölüme karşı savunmasızlığını artıran, azalan güç, dayanıklılık ve azalmış fizyolojik işlev ile karakterize edilen, birden çok nedeni ve katkıda bulunan faktörleri olan tıbbi bir sendrom.” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yaşlı nüfusun hızla artması ile kırılganlık insidansında da artış olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sebeple özellikle yaşlı bireylerde kırılganlığın azaltılması veya önlenmesi için biyolojik, sosyolojik, ekonomik ve çevresel stres faktörlerinin en aza indirilmesi, yaşlı bireylere kapsamlı geriatrik değerlendirme yapılması, hastalıklarda erken tanı konulması ve kırılganlığı önleyecek müdahalelerde bulunulması kırılganlık yönetiminin temel hedefini oluşturmaktadır. Kırılgan yaşlı bireyler yeniden hastaneye yatış, düşme, mortalite ve morbidite açısından risk altındadır. Uzmanlar yapılacak müdahaleler sayesinde kırılganlığın engellenebileceği veya ortaya çıkan etkilerinin zayıflatılabileceği görüşündedir. Etkinliği kanıtlanmış yöntemler arasında başlıca fiziksel aktivite, beslenme müdahaleleri, polifarmasinin önlenmesi, sosyal ortamın iyileştirilmesi ve yaşlı bireylere rutin olarak onaylanmış bir tarama yöntemi ile kırılganlık taraması yapılması gelmektedir. Bu derleme yazının amacı kırılganlığın önlenmesi ve yönetimi ile ilgili yapılan araştırmaları ve kırılganlık ile ilgili kılavuzların kanıt seviyelerinin incelenmesidir.
Subkonjontival Hemorajilerin Etyolojik Nedenlerinin Konjonktiva Segmentleri ile İlişkisi
Authors: ESKİ Mehmet Tahir , SEZER Taha , TEBERİK Kuddusi
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Non-travmatik subkonjonktival hemoraji (SKH) etyolojik sebeplerini, demografik özellikleri ve kan tablolarında oluşabilecek etkileri açısından incelemek amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastalardan ayrıntılı bir öykü alındıktan sonra, Goldman aplanasyon tonometrisi ile göz içi basıncı ölçüldü. Tüm olguların yaş, cinsiyet, oluşum hikayesi, kanamanın konjontival lokalizasyonu nasal (N), temporal (T), süperior (S), inferior (I), 2 veya daha fazla kadranı tutan konjonktiva (To) olmak üzere 5 segment, kanamanın hangi gözde olduğu, eşlik eden ek hastalığın olup olmaması, kullandığı ilaçlar, sigara ve alkol kullanım hikayesi, oturduğu bölgenin kırsal/kentsel olması, eğitim durumu, tam kan sayımı, protrombin (PT), parsiyel tromboplastin zamanı (Aptt), kan değerleri, Internationel Normalized Ratio (INR) gibi kan değerleri incelendi.

Bulgular: Çalışmamızda incelenen 112 hastanın yaş ortalaması 48,5 ± 18,4, 56’sı kadın, 56’sı erkekti. Çalışmamızda; segment ile hastaların eğitim durumları, yaşadığı bölgeler, hastaların sigara-alkol kullanım alışkanlığı, hastaların kullandıkları ilaç, hastaların kan tahlil sonuçları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir (sırasıyla p=0,030; p=0,008; p
Adolesanlar için Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği (AFAÖ): Türkiye Örneği Üzerinde Psikometrik Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ERDİM Leyla , ERGÜN Ayşe , ŞİŞMAN Fatma Nevin
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Adolesanlar için Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği (AFAÖ)’nin Türkçe versiyonunun oluşturularak, psikometrik özelliklerinin ve faktör yapısının incelenmesi amacıyla yapıldı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma 750 (16,35±1,06 yaş) lise (9-12.sınıf) öğrencisi ile yapıldı. Ölçeğin geçerlilik analizinde içerik ve yapı geçerliliği incelendi. İçerik geçerliliği için içerik geçerlilik indeksinden, yapı geçerliliği için açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden yararlanıldı. Güvenilirlilik, iç tutarlılık güvenilirlilik katsayısı (Cronbach alfa) ve sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı ile test edildi. Madde analizi için düzeltilmiş madde toplam korelasyonları hesaplandı.

Bulgular: Adolesanlar için Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği'nin içerik geçerlilik indeksi sonucu 0,95 bulundu. Yapı geçerliliği için öncelikle açıklayıcı faktör analizi yapıldı ve iki faktörlü bir yapı elde edildi. Daha sonra ölçeğin tek faktörlü ve iki faktörlü modeli doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile incelendiğinde tek faktörlü modelin uyum katsayılarının daha iyi olduğu saptandı. Tek faktörlü Adolesanlar için Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği'nin faktör yükleri 0,35-0,84 arasında sıralandı. Uyum indeksi değerleri RMSEA=0,085, CFI=0,968, AGFI=0,91 ve RMR= 0,05 bulundu. Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0,85, test-tekrar test güvenilirliği için sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı 0,90 olarak hesaplandı. Tüm örnek için düzeltilmiş madde toplam korelasyonları 0,28'in üzerinde bulundu.

Sonuç: Çalışma, Adolesanlar için Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği'nin Türk adolesanların genel fiziksel aktivite düzeyini değerlendirmek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu gösterdi. Adolesanlar için Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği, çalışmalarda fiziksel aktivite düzeyini değerlendirmek için kullanılabilir.
Periferik İntravenöz Kateterizasyon Komplikasyonlarında Hemşirelik Girişimleri ve Hasta Deneyimleri
Authors: AKSOY Fatma , BAYRAM Aysun , BIYIK BAYRAM Şule
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelerin periferik intravenöz kateterizasyon komplikasyonlarında uyguladıkları girişimleri ve hasta deneyimlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı nicel ve nitel desende planlanan bu araştırma, dahili kliniklerde çalışan hemşireler ve yatan hastalar ile yapılmıştır. 86 hemşire ve 61 hasta ile tamamlanan çalışma verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan formlar ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama süreci, Haziran-Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya başlamadan önce etik kurul onayı, kurum izni, hemşire ve hastalardan sözlü ve yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Sırasıyla flebit (%52,3), infiltrasyon (%39,5), ekstravazasyon (%30,2), tromboflebit (%26,7) ve sepsis (%12,8) ile en fazla komplikasyon gözlenen kliniğin onkoloji ve hematoloji klinikleri olduğu; en fazla uygulanan girişimlerin ise sırasıyla sıvı akışını durdurma, kateteri hemen çıkarma, kateteri başka bir bölgeden yerleştirme ve soğuk uygulama yapma olduğu belirlendi. Hastaları olumsuz etkileyen durumlar ise; hassas ve görünmeyen damar yapısına sahip olma, uygulamada ağrı ve stres yaşama, komplikasyonlarda geç iyileşme, şişlik, kaşıntı ve yanma gibi belirtiler olarak belirlendi.

Sonuç: Hastalarda ağrı ve strese neden olan ve hemşireler için bakım yükünü arttıran, bakım kalitesini etkileyen periferik intravenöz kateterizasyon komplikasyonları önlenebilir ve hemşirelik bakımı ile iyileştirilebilir. Bu çalışma sonucunda hemşirelere kateter komplikasyonları ve hemşirelik girişimlerine ilişkin hizmet içi eğitimlerin ve hastalara uygulamaya yönelik bilgilendirilmelerin yapılması önerilmektedir.
Analysis of Retained Foreign Bodies in the Maxillofacial Region: A Retrospective Study
Authors: DERE Kadriye Ayca
Published: September 2023

Aim: Retained foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region are caused by trauma, therapeutic procedures, or previous surgeries in which the broken instruments were left behind. They can usually be asymptomatic, but can also cause infections, be swallowed, or block the airway, leading to vital problems. Despite the complications they can cause, one-third of foreign bodies are overlooked during initial clinical and radiographic examinations. Therefore, the presence of foreign bodies and the symptoms they cause will be studied in patients examined during a specific time period.

Material and Methods: From December 2020 to August 2022, 6 624 radiological data were collected and retrospectively analysed. The number, characteristics, location of foreign bodies, age, and sex of patients were recorded.

Results: Radiologic data from 6624 patients who presented to the oral and maxillofacial clinic between the dates included in the study were reviewed, and 48 patients were found to have retained foreign bodies at a frequency of 0.77%. Of these patients, 22 were male and 26 were female. It was found that most of the retained foreign bodies were located in the mandible (80.85%). The foreign bodies detected were filling materials, canal sealers, drills, bein elevator pieces, buckshots, and dental forceps pieces, with filling materials being found significantly more often than other detected retained foreign bodies (p
Characteristics of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Mushroom Poisoning and the Role of Laboratory Parameters in Determining Prognosis
Authors: ŞENGÜLDÜR Erdinç , DEMİR Mehmet Cihat , BAYDIN Ahmet
Published: September 2023

Aim: In this study it is aimed to investigate the general characteristics of the patients of mushroom poisoning in the emergency department and to determine the possible prognostic factors.

Material and Methods: This study was conducted by retrospectively examining the records of patients who applied to the emergency department of a university hospital in Samsun, Turkey, with mushroom poisoning in 6 years. Patients were grouped using models that predict mortality and the severity of poisoning. Model for end stage liver diseases (MELD) scoring and poisoning severity score (PSS) were used for this purpose. All data obtained from this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 15.0 package program.

Results: Liver failure developed in 16 of 471 patients who applied with mushroom poisoning. The median symptom onset time was 2 hours in 455 patients who did not develop liver failure, and the median symptom onset time was 9.5 hours in 16 patients who developed liver failure. When the patients were classified according to PSS, 91.1% of patients applied with PSS 1, while 2.1% of them applied with severe symptoms. 93.6% of the patients were with a mild MELD score.

Conclusion: The most common clinical finding is nausea and vomiting. The appearance of symptoms within 2 hours is an indicator of a good prognosis. According to the MELD score, the severity of the disease increases as the BUN value increases. At the same time, high BUN and amylase levels mean a life-threatening poisoning according to PSS.
Risk Markers for Mortality in Hemodynamically Stable Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department with a Prediagnosis of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: ALTINTAŞ Emel , ATEŞ Serdal , ONGAR Murat , ATAMAN Ali Kaan , TENLİK İlyas , FİLİK Levent
Published: September 2023

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in hemoglobin levels in hemodynamically stable patients admitted to the emergency department with a prediagnosis of upper GI bleeding.

Material and Methods: This study consisted of patients aged over 18 years who applied to the emergency department of Ankara Training and Research Hospital and underwent endoscopy with a prediagnosis of upper GI bleeding between January 1st, 2017, and March 1st, 2020. The patients’ demographic data, laboratory parameters, Glasgow-Blatchford and Rockall scores, endoscopy results, and 28-day mortality data were recorded.

Results: The study sample consisted of 120 patients with a mean age of 62.0 ± 20.9 years. No significant difference was detected in the amount or percentage of change in patients' hemoglobin levels between the two measurements performed at admission and within 3-6 hours. ((0.6(-5,6%), 0.4(-5,3%), p>0.05)) The most common endoscopic finding was a peptic ulcer, which was detected in 64 (53.3%) patients. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that age ((Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.13, confidence interval (CI) 95%: 1.03–1.31, p = 0.0031)) and hypertension (OR = 11.45, CI 95%: 1.80–138.88, p = 0.021) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality.

Conclusion: No significant difference was detected in the amount or percentage of change in hemoglobin levels of hemodynamically stable patients with a prediagnosis of upper GI bleeding between the two measurements performed at admission and within 3-6 hours. Older age and hypertension were determined as the risk factors that predicted 28-day mortality in this patient group.
Analysis of Tree-related Falls in Terms of Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System Scores and Patient Outcomes
Authors: BERİKOL Gürkan , BOZDERELİ BERİKOL Göksu , SARBAY İbrahim , KARATAŞ Mehmet Ali
Published: September 2023

Aim: Falling from trees are main problems of occupational healthcare. Patients falling from trees are suffered from spinal and extremity injuries due to high energy traumas. Our aim with this study was to reveal the differences in thoracolumbar injury classification system (TLICS) scores, degrees of spinal damage and treatments of traumas belonging to patients who presented with falls from different tree species in different plantations.

Material and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. Patients who were brought to the emergency department due to falling from a tree between 2015-2020 were included. Characteristics of injuries due to falls from trees, TLICS scores, treatment types and 3 month follow up results were obtained from the hospital information system and comparative analysis was done.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.25±17.9 years and 54.9% were male. 33(64.7%) patients had undergone vertebroplasty or stabilization. According to height categories, TLICS scores(p=0.003) and stabilization levels(p=0.003) were statistically higher in taller tree categories (p=0.003). Although surgical interventions were statistically higher in tree falls higher than four meters (p=0.026), there was no statistically significant difference between trees in terms of treatment type (p=0.315), VAS score (p=0.219) and 30-day VAS score (p=. 0.329) In addition, the change in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was statistically higher in operated patients (median VAS=7) than in non-operated patients (median VAS=5.5) (p=0.012).

Conclusion: Our findings reveal that TLICS scores are significantly associated with tree heights and operate with good results in VAS scores.
Exploring the Factors Affecting Speech and Language Pathologists’ Decision to Transition from Oral to Non-Oral Feeding in Patients with Dysphagia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: KAVAKCI Mariam , TANRIVERDİ Melike , UYSAL Halil Tayyip
Published: September 2023

Aim: Speech and language pathologists (SLP) make decisions regarding the use of alternative feeding methods when oral feeding presents a vital risk for the dysphagia patients or when the patient’s food intake is deficient. This decision affects the lives of patients from physiological, psychological, and social aspects. The decision mechanisms of SLPs involve the medical status of the patient and evaluation results. This study aims to explore factors influencing the decision of SLPs to transition from oral to non-oral feeding.

Material and Methods: Our study was conducted with a phenomenological design. Nine SLPs who had experience working with dysphagia patients participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were coded on the MAXQDA program using a thematic analysis approach.

Results: Six main themes were constructed. In addition to the medical status of the patients, participants described giving importance to the reactions of patients and relatives, the moment of explaining their decision to the patient, interactions with other professionals, work environments, experiences and educational backgrounds, and the assessments and therapies patients underwent.

Conclusion: The decision mechanisms of SLPs regarding feeding are not only affected by the physiological condition of the patient, but also by factors regarding patient relatives, the SLP’s personal approaches, communication with other professionals, the assessment process, and therapy implementation. Non-oral feeding decisions are also linked to their clinical experience and educational backgrounds. It is recommended that SLPs think multi-dimensionally about feeding transitions and give critical importance to their decision processes.
Unsur-Unsur Kebudayaan Dalam Tari Tradisi Kanjan Halu Di Sanggar Tari Tingang Menteng Pahunjung Tarung Kabupaten Kapuas
Authors: FAHRUL RAJI  , Rahmani  , Suwarjiya
Published: September 2023

Tari Kanjan Halu adalah tari tradisi di Kalimantan Tengah yang diciptakan oleh Alm. Narpan M.Apoi pada tahun 1957, merupakan tari hiburan rakyat yang sarat akan budaya lokal. Menceritakan kegiatan aktivitas berladang Suku Dayak Ngaju yang dilakukan secara bergotong-royong atau Handep. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bentuk penyajian dan unsur kebudayaan dalam tari tradisi Kanjan Halu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Deskriptif Kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Kemudian dianalisis hingga menghasilkan simpulan penelitian. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: (1)Bentuk penyajian meliputi 12 Ragam Gerak, 17 Pola Lantai, 7 iringan alat musik, tata busana baju Kurung untuk penari perempuan dan baju Kurung Hatue Pandak Lenge untuk penari laki-laki, tata rias natural sebagai karakter masyarakat, Tempat pertunjukan prosenium dan 3 Properti yang digunakan. (2) Unsur kebudayaan yang ditemui meliputi Bahasa dalam judul tarian dan bahasa simbol, sistem pengetahuan didapatkan dari bahan properti, organisasi sosial dan kemasyarakatan yaitu budaya Handep, sistem peralatan hidup dan teknologi dari properti yang digunakan, sistem mata pencaharian hidup tampak dari tema tarian yaitu pertanian, Sistem religi didapati gerakan Kanjan dan Kesenian meliputi tari dan musik pengiring.
IoT-blockchain empowered Trinet: optimized fall detection system for elderly safety
Authors: Alfayez Fayez , Bhatia Khan Surbhi
Published: September 2023

Numerous elderly folks reside alone in their homes. Seniors may find it difficult to ask for assistance if they fall. As the elderly population keeps growing, elderly fall incidents are becoming a critical public health concern. Creating a fall detection system for the elderly using IoT and blockchain is the aim of this study. Data collection, pre-processing, feature extraction, feature selection, fall detection, and emergency response and assistance are the six fundamental aspects of the proposed model. The sensor data is collected from wearable devices using elderly such as accelerometers and gyroscopes. The collected data is pre-processed using missing value removal, null value handling. The features are extracted after pre-processed data using statistical features, autocorrelation, and Principal Component Analysis The proposed approach utilizes a novel hybrid HSSTL combines Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization and Spring Search Algorithm to select the optimal features. The proposed approach employs TriNet, including Long Short-Term Memory, optimized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Recurrent Neural Network for accurate fall detection. To enhance fall detection accuracy, use the optimized Convolutional Neural Network obtained through the hybrid optimization model HSSTL. Securely store fall detection information in the Blockchain network when a fall occurs. Alert neighbours, family members, or those providing immediate assistance about the fall occurrence using Blockchain network. The proposed model is implemented in Python. The effectiveness of the suggested model is evaluated using metrics for accuracy, precision, recall, sensitivity, specificity, f-measure, NPV, FPR, FNR, and MCC. The proposed model outperformed with the maximum accuracy of 0.974015 at an 80% learning rate, whereas the suggested model had the best accuracy score of 0.955679 at a 70% learning rate.
Polyester urethane urea (PEUU) functionalization for enhanced anti-thrombotic performance: advancing regenerative cardiovascular devices through innovative surface modifications
Authors: Rodríguez-Soto María A. , Suárez Vargas Natalia , Ayala-Velásquez María , Aragón-Rivera Andrés M. , Ostos Carlos , Cruz Juan C. , Muñoz Camargo Carolina , Kim Seungil , D’Amore Antonio , Wagner William R. , Briceño Juan C.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Thrombogenesis, a major cause of implantable cardiovascular device failure, can be addressed through the use of biodegradable polymers modified with anticoagulating moieties. This study introduces a novel polyester urethane urea (PEUU) functionalized with various anti-platelet deposition molecules for enhanced antiplatelet performance in regenerative cardiovascular devices.

Methods: PEUU, synthesized from poly-caprolactone, 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, and putrescine, was chemically oxidized to introduce carboxyl groups, creating PEUU-COOH. This polymer was functionalized in situ with polyethyleneimine, 4-arm polyethylene glycol, seleno-L-cystine, heparin sodium, and fondaparinux. Functionalization was confirmed using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Bio-compatibility and hemocompatibility were validated through metabolic activity and hemolysis assays. The anti-thrombotic activity was assessed using platelet aggregation, lactate dehydrogenase activation assays, and scanning electron microscopy surface imaging. The whole-blood clotting time quantification assay was employed to evaluate anticoagulation properties.

Results: Results demonstrated high biocompatibility and hemocompatibility, with the most potent anti-thrombotic activity observed on pegylated surfaces. However, seleno-L-cystine and fondaparinux exhibited no anti-platelet activity.

Discussion: The findings highlight the importance of balancing various factors and addressing challenges associated with different approaches when developing innovative surface modifications for cardiovascular devices.
Laminin 332 expression levels predict clinical outcomes and chemotherapy response in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sari Bilge , Gulbey Ozcan , Hamill Kevin J.
Published: September 2023

Poor outcomes and chemotherapy resistance for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) are a challenge worldwide, and new or improved prognostic biomarkers are urgently required. Individual laminin family members have been established as cancer-associated markers, predicting patient outcomes in many cancer types, including PAAD. Here, we used multiple modalities including RNAseq and gene chip, and genomic and proteomic data to examine the relationships of all laminin genes in PAAD with clinical outcomes. These analyses identified that LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2 expression levels are increased at the mRNA and protein levels in PAAD tumours with evidence of co-regulation. Increased expression of all three genes was associated with decreased promoter methylation status, TP53 mutations, and altered receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways. Clinically, high LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2 transcript abundance was each related to an advanced histological grade. Moreover, high expression of these genes individually predicted poor patient survival, while a signature of combined high expression of LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2 was a stronger predictor of patient outcomes than each gene alone. Interestingly, cell lines with high expression of LM332 chains were not sensitive to the commonly used PAAD chemotherapy drugs paclitaxel and gemcitabine; however, increased sensitivity was evident for erlotinib, afatinib, gefitinib, and cetuximab epidermal growth factor (EGFR) RTK inhibitors. To explore possible mechanisms, we investigated co-expressed genes, identifying eight hub genes, namely, GJB3, ITGB6, SERPINB5, GPRC5A, PLEK2, TMPRSS4, P2RY2, and TRIM29, which are co-expressed with all three of LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2. Of these, only SERPINB5 provided a stronger predictive value than the laminin-encoding genes. Together, these multiple integrated analyses suggest that the combined expression of LM332 is a useful prognostic biomarker for PAAD and could help patient stratification and therapeutic selection.
BMP signaling in the development and regeneration of tooth roots: from mechanisms to applications
Authors: Liu Cangwei , Guo Hao , Shi Ce , Sun Hongchen
Published: September 2023

Short root anomaly (SRA), along with caries, periodontitis, and trauma, can cause tooth loss, affecting the physical and mental health of patients. Dental implants have become widely utilized for tooth restoration; however, they exhibit certain limitations compared to natural tooth roots. Tissue engineering-mediated root regeneration offers a strategy to sustain a tooth with a physiologically more natural function by regenerating the bioengineered tooth root (bio-root) based on the bionic principle. While the process of tooth root development has been reported in previous studies, the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) family is an essential factor regulating cellular activities and is involved in almost all tissue development. Recent studies have focused on exploring the mechanism of BMP signaling in tooth root development by using transgenic animal models and developing better tissue engineering strategies for bio-root regeneration. This article reviews the unique roles of BMP signaling in tooth root development and regeneration.
Ferroelectric polarization reversals in C2N/α-In2Se3 van der Waals heterostructures: a conversion from the traditional type-II to S-scheme
Authors: Zhong Yongle
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Ferroelectric substances, characterized by inherent spontaneous polarization, can boost photocatalytic efficiency by facilitating the separation of photogenerated carriers. However, conventional photocatalysts with perovskite-class ferroelectricity are generally constrained by their 3D arrangement, leading to less accessible active sites for catalysis and a smaller specific surface area compared to a 2D layout.

Methods: In my research, I developed a 2D ferroelectric heterostructure consisting of C2N/α-In2Se3. I performed first-principle calculations on the 2D C2N/α-In2Se3 heterostructure, specifically varying the out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization directions. I primarily focused on C2N/α-In2Se3 (I) and C2N/α-In2Se3 (II) heterostructures.

Results: My findings revealed that reversing the ferroelectric polarization of the 2D α-In2Se3 layer in the heterostructures led to a transition from the conventional type-II [C2N/α-In2Se3 (I)] to an S-scheme [C2N/α-In2Se3 (II)]. The S-scheme heterostructure [C2N/α-In2Se3 (II)] demonstrated a high optical absorption rate of 17% in visible light, marking it as a promising photocatalytic material.

Discussion: This research underscores the significance of ferroelectric polarization in facilitating charge transfer within heterogeneous structures. It provides a theoretical perspective for developing enhanced S-scheme photocatalysts, highlighting the potential of 2D ferroelectric heterostructures in photocatalytic applications.
A U-shaped association between the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese men with normal glycemic levels: a population-based longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Song Bei , Wang Kun , Lu Weilin , Zhao Xiaofang , Yao Tianci , Liu Ting , Gao Guangyu , Fan Haohui , Liu Chengyun
Published: September 2023

Background

Several studies have verified that a high baseline TG/HDL-C ratio is a risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, for low baseline TG/HDL-C levels, the findings were inconsistent with ours. In addition, the association between baseline TG/HDL-C ratio and the risk of incident T2DM in Japanese men with normal glycemic levels is unclear. As a result, our study further investigated the relationship between baseline TG/HDL-C and the risk of incident T2DM in Japanese men with normal glycemic levels.

Methods

This was a secondary longitudinal cohort study. We selected 7,684 male participants between 2004 and 2015 from the NAGALA database. A standardized Cox regression model and two piecewise Cox regression models were used to explore the relationship between the baseline high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) and incident T2DM.

Results

During a median follow-up of 2,282 days, 162 men developed incident T2DM. In the adjusted model, the baseline TG/HDL-C ratio was strongly associated with the risk of incident T2DM, and no dose-dependent positive association was observed between the baseline TG/HDL-C ratio and incidence of T2DM throughout the baseline TG/HDL-C quartiles. Two-piecewise linear regression analysis showed a U-shaped association between baseline TG/HDL-C ratio and incidence of incident T2DM. A baseline TG/HDL-C ratio below 1.188 was negatively associated with incident T2DM (H.R. = 0.105, 95% CI = 0.025, 0.451; P = 0.002). In contrast, a baseline TG/HDL-C ratio >1.188 was positively associated with incident T2DM (H.R. = 1.248, 95% CI = 1.113, 1.399; P<0.001). The best TG/HDL-C threshold for predicting incident T2DM was 1.8115 (area under the curve, 0.6837).

Conclusion

A U-shaped relationship between baseline TG/HDL-C ratio and incident T2DM in Japanese men with normal glycemic levels was found.
ARGem: a new metagenomics pipeline for antibiotic resistance genes: metadata, analysis, and visualization
Authors: Liang Xiao , Zhang Jingyi , Kim Yoonjin , Ho Josh , Liu Kevin , Keenum Ishi , Gupta Suraj , Davis Benjamin , Hepp Shannon L. , Zhang Liqing , Xia Kang , Knowlton Katharine F. , Liao Jingqiu , Vikesland Peter J. , Pruden Amy , Heath Lenwood S.
Published: September 2023

Antibiotic resistance is of crucial interest to both human and animal medicine. It has been recognized that increased environmental monitoring of antibiotic resistance is needed. Metagenomic DNA sequencing is becoming an attractive method to profile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including a special focus on pathogens. A number of computational pipelines are available and under development to support environmental ARG monitoring; the pipeline we present here is promising for general adoption for the purpose of harmonized global monitoring. Specifically, ARGem is a user-friendly pipeline that provides full-service analysis, from the initial DNA short reads to the final visualization of results. The capture of extensive metadata is also facilitated to support comparability across projects and broader monitoring goals. The ARGem pipeline offers efficient analysis of a modest number of samples along with affordable computational components, though the throughput could be increased through cloud resources, based on the user’s configuration. The pipeline components were carefully assessed and selected to satisfy tradeoffs, balancing efficiency and flexibility. It was essential to provide a step to perform short read assembly in a reasonable time frame to ensure accurate annotation of identified ARGs. Comprehensive ARG and mobile genetic element databases are included in ARGem for annotation support. ARGem further includes an expandable set of analysis tools that include statistical and network analysis and supports various useful visualization techniques, including Cytoscape visualization of co-occurrence and correlation networks. The performance and flexibility of the ARGem pipeline is demonstrated with analysis of aquatic metagenomes. The pipeline is freely available athttps://github.com/xlxlxlx/ARGem.
Research progress on the clinical application and mechanism of iguratimod in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and rheumatic diseases
Authors: Long Zhiyong , Zeng Liuting , He Qi , Yang Kailin , Xiang Wang , Ren Xiang , Deng Ying , Chen Hua
Published: September 2023

Autoimmune diseases are affected by complex pathophysiology involving multiple cell types, cytokines, antibodies and mimicking factors. Different drugs are used to improve these autoimmune responses, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antibodies, and small molecule drugs (DMARDs), which are prevalent clinically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), etc. However, low cost-effectiveness, reduced efficacy, adverse effects, and patient non-response are unattractive factors driving the development of new drugs such as iguratimod. As a new disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, iguratimod has pharmacological activities such as regulating autoimmune disorders, inflammatory cytokines, regulating immune cell activation, differentiation and proliferation, improving bone metabolism, and inhibiting fibrosis. In recent years, clinical studies have found that iguratimod is effective in the treatment of RA, SLE, IGG4-RD, Sjogren ‘s syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, interstitial lung disease, and other autoimmune diseases and rheumatic diseases. The amount of basic and clinical research on other autoimmune diseases is also increasing. Therefore, this review systematically reviews the latest relevant literature in recent years, reviews the research results in recent years, and summarizes the research progress of iguratimod in the treatment of related diseases. This review highlights the role of iguratimod in the protection of autoimmune and rheumatic bone and related immune diseases. It is believed that iguratimod’s unique mode of action and its favorable patient response compared to other DMARDs make it a suitable antirheumatic and bone protective agent in the future.
Significant association between high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Chunhua , Wu Fenfang , Du Lailing , Dong Yeping , Lin Shan
Published: September 2023

Objective

Whether neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an applicative predictor of poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. In response to the current conflicting data, this meta-analysis was conducted to gain a comprehensive and systematic understanding of prognostic value of NLR in HCC.

Methods

Several English databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, with an update date of February 25, 2023, were systematically searched. We set the inclusion criteria to include randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies that reported the prognostic value of serum NLR levels in patients with HCC receiving treatment. Both the combined ratio (OR) and the diagnosis ratio (DOR) were used to assess the prognostic performance of NLR. Additionally, we completed the risk of bias assessment by Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.

Results

This meta-analysis ultimately included 16 studies with a total of 4654 patients with HCC. The results showed that high baseline NLR was significantly associated with poor prognosis or recurrence of HCC. The sensitivity of 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]. 0.59-0.73); specificity of 0.723 (95% CI: 0.64-0.78) and DOR of 5.0 (95% CI: 4.0-7.0) were pooled estimated from patient-based analyses. Subsequently, the combined positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLHR) were calculated with the results of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.9-3.0) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.39-0.56), respectively. In addition, area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) reflecting prognostic accuracy was calculated to be 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71-0.78). The results of subgroup analysis suggested that high NLR was an effective predictive factor of poor prognosis in HCC in mainland China as well as in the northern region.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that high baseline NLR is an excellent predictor of poor prognosis or relapse in patients with HCC, especially those from high-incidence East Asian populations.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42023440640.
COVID-19 patients display changes in lymphocyte subsets with a higher frequency of dysfunctional CD8lo T cells associated with disease severity
Authors: Onofrio Luisina Ines , Marin Constanza , Dutto Jeremías , Brugo María Belén , Baigorri Ruth Eliana , Bossio Sabrina Noemi , Quiróz Juan Nahuel , Almada Laura , Ruiz Moreno Federico , Olivera Carolina , Silvera-Ruiz Silene M. , Ponce Nicolás Eric , Icely Paula Alejandra , Amezcua Vesely María Carolina , Fozzatti Laura , Rodríguez-Galán María Cecilia , Stempin Cinthia Carolina , Cervi Laura ,   ImmunoCovid-CBA, Maletto Belkys Angélica , Acosta Rodríguez Eva Virginia , Bertone Mariana , Abiega Claudio Daniel , Escudero Daiana , Kahn Adrián , Caeiro Juan Pablo , Maccioni Mariana , Motrán Claudia Cristina , Gruppi Adriana , Sotomayor Claudia Elena , Chiapello Laura Silvina , Montes Carolina Lucia
Published: September 2023

This work examines cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in patients from Córdoba, Argentina, during two major waves characterized by different circulating viral variants and different social behavior. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the main lymphocyte populations of peripheral blood from hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 disease. Our results show disturbances in the cellular immune compartment, as previously reported in different cohorts worldwide. We observed an increased frequency of B cells and a significant decrease in the frequency of CD3+ T cells in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy donors (HD). We also found a reduction in Tregs, which was more pronounced in severe patients. During the first wave, the frequency of GZMB, CD107a, CD39, and PD-1-expressing conventional CD4+ T (T conv) cells was significantly higher in moderate and severe patients than in HD. During the second wave, only the GZMB+ T conv cells of moderate and severe patients increased significantly. In addition, these patients showed a decreased frequency in IL-2-producing T conv cells. Interestingly, we identified two subsets of circulating CD8+ T cells with low and high CD8 surface expression in both HD and COVID-19 patients. While the percentages of CD8hi and CD8lo T cells within the CD8+ population in HD are similar, a significant increase was observed in CD8lo T cell frequency in COVID-19 patients. CD8lo T cell populations from HD as well as from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients exhibited lower frequencies of the effector cytokine-producing cells, TNF, IL-2, and IFN-γ, than CD8hi T cells. Interestingly, the frequency of CD8lo T cells increased with disease severity, suggesting that this parameter could be a potential marker for disease progression. Indeed, the CD8hi/CD8lo index helped to significantly improve the patient’s clinical stratification and disease outcome prediction. Our data support the addition of, at least, a CD8hi/CD8lo index into the panel of biomarkers commonly used in clinical labs, since its determination may be a useful tool with impact on the therapeutic management of the patients.
Unleashing novel horizons in advanced prostate cancer treatment: investigating the potential of prostate specific membrane antigen-targeted nanomedicine-based combination therapy
Authors: He Mingze , Cao Yu , Chi Changliang , Zhao Jiang , Chong Eunice , Chin Ke Xin Casey , Tan Nicole Zian Vi , Dmitry Korolev , Yang Guodong , Yang Xinyi , Hu Kebang , Enikeev Mikhail
Published: September 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy with increasing incidence in middle-aged and older men. Despite various treatment options, advanced metastatic PCa remains challenging with poor prognosis and limited effective therapies. Nanomedicine, with its targeted drug delivery capabilities, has emerged as a promising approach to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce adverse effects. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) stands as one of the most distinctive and highly selective biomarkers for PCa, exhibiting robust expression in PCa cells. In this review, we explore the applications of PSMA-targeted nanomedicines in advanced PCa management. Our primary objective is to bridge the gap between cutting-edge nanomedicine research and clinical practice, making it accessible to the medical community. We discuss mainstream treatment strategies for advanced PCa, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, in the context of PSMA-targeted nanomedicines. Additionally, we elucidate novel treatment concepts such as photodynamic and photothermal therapies, along with nano-theragnostics. We present the content in a clear and accessible manner, appealing to general physicians, including those with limited backgrounds in biochemistry and bioengineering. The review emphasizes the potential benefits of PSMA-targeted nanomedicines in enhancing treatment efficiency and improving patient outcomes. While the use of PSMA-targeted nano-drug delivery has demonstrated promising results, further investigation is required to comprehend the precise mechanisms of action, pharmacotoxicity, and long-term outcomes. By meticulous optimization of the combination of nanomedicines and PSMA ligands, a novel horizon of PSMA-targeted nanomedicine-based combination therapy could bring renewed hope for patients with advanced PCa.
C-type lectin receptor expression is a hallmark of neutrophils infiltrating the skin in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: Guerrero-Juarez Christian F. , Schilf Paul , Li Jing , Zappia Maria Paula , Bao Lei , Patel Payal M. , Gieseler-Tillmann Jenny , Murthy Sripriya , Cole Connor , Sverdlov Maria , Frolov Maxim V. , Hashimoto Takashi , Ishii Norito , Rülicke Thomas , Bieber Katja , Ludwig Ralf J. , Sadik Christian D. , Amber Kyle T.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Inflammatory epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is characterized by a neutrophilic response to anti-type VII collagen (COL7) antibodies resulting in the development of skin inflammation and blistering. The antibody transfer model of EBA closely mirrors this EBA phenotype.

Methods

To better understand the changes induced in neutrophils upon recruitment from peripheral blood into lesional skin in EBA, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of whole blood and skin dissociate to capture minimally perturbed neutrophils and characterize their transcriptome.

Results

Through this approach, we identified clear distinctions between circulating activated neutrophils and intradermal neutrophils. Most strikingly, the gene expression of multiple C-type lectin receptors, which have previously been reported to orchestrate host defense against fungi and select bacteria, were markedly dysregulated. After confirming the upregulation of Clec4n, Clec4d, and Clec4e in experimental EBA as well as in lesional skin from patients with inflammatory EBA, we performed functional studies in globally deficient Clec4e−/− and Clec4d−/− mice as well as in neutrophil-specific Clec4n−/− mice. Deficiency in these genes did not reduce disease in the EBA model.

Discussion

Collectively, our results suggest that while the upregulation of Clec4n, Clec4d, and Clec4e is a hallmark of activated dermal neutrophil populations, their individual contribution to the pathogenesis of EBA is dispensable.
Isolation and in vitro screening of the probiotic potential of microorganisms from fermented food products
Authors: Ntiantiasi Nikoleta , Lianou Alexandra
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Several human health benefits have been ascribed to probiotics, while traditional fermented foods have been acknowledged as rather important sources of these microorganisms. The objective of this study was the isolation of microorganisms from fermented food products of both animal and plant origin and the evaluation of their probiotic potential.

Methods

Microbial isolation was performed from milk kefir and table olives, while an olive mill waste sample also was analyzed given its anticipated association with the autochthonous microbiota of olive drupes. Among the 16 macroscopically distinct recovered microorganisms, 14 microbial isolates were identified as presumptive lactic acid bacteria (LAB), whereas two isolates corresponded to yeasts. The microbial isolates exhibiting a reproducibly robust growth profile in appropriate culture broth media (11 out of the 16 isolates) were assessed for their probiotic potential based on a set of in vitro assays: resistance to low pH; autoaggregation; biofilm formation; antioxidant activity; and safety assessment through evaluation of hemolytic activity.

Results and discussion

Based on the collective evaluation of the results of the abovementioned assays, five presumptive LAB as well as the two yeast isolates were identified as exhibiting desirable in vitro probiotic traits. Hence, these microbial isolates could be regarded as good candidates for inclusion in further studies aiming, ultimately, at their potential utilization in novel functional food products.
Intermittent shading can moderate coral bleaching on shallow reefs
Authors: Butcherine Peter , Tagliafico Alejandro , Ellis Sophia L. , Kelaher Brendan P. , Hendrickson Conor , Harrison Daniel
Published: September 2023

The health of coral reefs is declining from the effects of human activity and climate change. Mass coral bleaching is often triggered by elevated water temperature and excessive solar irradiance. Shading can reduce coral bleaching risk. Shading-based management interventions, such as whole-of-reef marine fogging, have been proposed as a conservation tool for periods when coral undergoes excessive thermal stress. This study examined the effect of intermittent shade (30% for 0, 4, or 24 h) on two coral species, Duncanopsammia axifuga and Turbinaria reniformis, held at either 26.4°C or 32.4°C for 18 days. Coral fragments were assessed for bleaching (relative mean intensity of grey, chlorophyll a, and symbiont density), photochemistry (PAM fluorometry), and antioxidant biomarkers (SOD and CAT). Shading responses were species-specific, with T. reniformis more responsive to shading than D. axifuga. Thirty per cent shading delayed bleaching up to three-degree heat weeks (DHW), and 24 h shade was more protective than 4 h shade. Shading suppressed catalase activity in T. reniformis. Overall, our results suggest that intermittently shading corals for 4 h can moderate light stress and slow bleaching in some corals and could improve the efficiency of active solar radiation management in marine ecosystems.
Microbiome-assisted restoration of degraded marine habitats: a new nature-based solution?
Authors: Corinaldesi Cinzia , Bianchelli Silvia , Candela Marco , Dell’Anno Antonio , Gambi Cristina , Rastelli Eugenio , Varrella Stefano , Danovaro Roberto
Published: September 2023

Microorganisms interact with all biological components in a variety of ways. They contribute to increase the efficiency of marine food webs and facilitate the adaptation of multicellular organisms to climate change and other human-induced impacts. Increasing evidence suggests that microbiomes are essential for the health of marine species, for maintaining productive marine ecosystems, and thus for the sustainable functioning of the global biosphere. Marine microbiomes are typically species- or habitat-specific and are susceptible to environmental and human-driven changes. The microbiota of seagrasses, macroalgae, mangroves or tropical corals benefits their hosts by increasing their fitness, contributing to the removal of toxic compounds, conferring protection against pathogens, and/or supporting nutrient requirements. Alterations of the microbiomes might have negative consequences on species’ health, survival, and overall ecosystem functioning. Despite the key ecological role of microbiomes in all ecosystems, their potential for the restoration of degraded habitats is still largely unexplored. Here we present a literature survey of the existing information on the microbiota associated with habitat-forming species and suggest that the resilience/recovery of damaged marine habitats can depend largely on the changes in the microbiota. Nature-based solutions relying on microbiome analyses (also through omics approaches) enable health monitoring of transplanted organisms/metacommunities and potential identification/production of probiotics/bio-promoters to stabilize unhealthy conditions of transplants. In the context of international strategies concerning ecological restoration, the use of the scientific knowledge acquired on the marine microbiome deserves to be exploited to assist both traditional and innovative restoration approaches. The success of habitat restoration may depend on our ability to maintain, along with the restored species and habitats, a functional microbiota.