bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Growth and fosE gene expression in inulin-containing medium of two strains of Lactobacillus casei originated from the human intestinal tract
Authors: AMIK CHOIRUL AFIDAH  , TUTIK DWI WAHYUNINGSIH  , Widodo Widodo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Authors. 2019. Growth and fosE gene expression in inulin-containing medium of two strains of Lactobacillus casei originated from the human intestinal tract. Biodiversitas 20: 2758-2763. Inulin is a fructooligosaccharide consisting of a fructose monomer with β- (1,2) glycosidic linkage. The human colon cannot degrade inulin because it lacks the enzyme that degrades β- (1,2) glycosidic linkage. Lactobacillus casei strain AP is able to grow in inulin, L. casei strain AF grows gradually. The ability to grow in inulin is proposed by the fosE gene, which hydrolyzes β- (1,2) glycosidic linkage. The present study aimed to detect and measure fosE gene expression in inulin. Extracellular and intracellular inulin and fructose concentrations were calculated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The reduction of inulin concentration in L. casei strain AP was higher than that in L. casei strain AF. Extracellular fructose concentration was lower in L. casei strain AP because fructose from inulin degradation was transported into the cell. No fructose was detected inside Lactobacillus cells. The fosE gene was detected in L. casei strains AP and AF with a length of 229 bp. fosE gene expression was up-regulated 5.9-fold in L. casei strain AP and 1.7-fold in L. casei strain AF and was three times higher in L. casei strain AP than that in L. casei strain AF, suggesting that the former metabolizes inulin better than the latter.
Potential of culture filtrate from Trichoderma spp. as biofungicide to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease in chili
Authors: Nurbailis Nurbailis , AKMAL DJAMAAN  , HALIATUR RAHMA  , YENNY LISWARNI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Nurbailis, Djamaan A, Rahma H, Liswarni Y. 2019. Potential of culture filtrate from Trichoderma spp. as biofungicide to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease in chili. Biodiversitas 20: 2915-2920. Trichoderma spp. have the potential to be used for controlling the airborne pathogenic fungi such as C. gloeosporioides. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of the culture filtrate of five isolates of Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii, Trichoderma PP2, Trichoderma PP3) against C. gloeosporoides causing anthracnose disease in chili. Culture filtrate of Trichoderma spp. was produced from single culture and dual culture techniques. The design was a Completely Randomized Design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were culture filtrate from T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii, Trichoderma PP2, Trichoderma PP3, and negative control (without culture filtrate from Trichoderma spp.). Parameters observed were: the diameter of the colony, colony coverage, conidial germination, and conidial density. The results of this research showed all the culture filtrate from Trichoderma spp. produced by single and dual culture techniques can inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides. The culture filtrate from Trichoderma PP2 and T. koningii were the most potential in inhibiting the growth, conidial density, and conidial germination of C. gloeosporioides.
Genetic variability of Indonesian eggplant (Solanum melongena) based on ISSR markers
Authors: U.B. HUSNUDIN  , B.S. DARYONO  , Purnomo Purnomo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Husnudin UB, Daryono BS, Purnomo. 2019. Genetic variability of Indonesian Eggplant (Solanum melongena) based on ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 20: 3049-3055. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of important vegetable in Indonesia and this country has a variety of eggplant germplasm, whereas molecular data of Indonesian eggplant is limited. This study describes an analysis of genetic variation based on ISSR markers to determine the diversity and phenetic relationship of Indonesian eggplants. 23 samples were collected from the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) and some commercial cultivars. Data were analyzed by ISSR analysis using UBC 809, UBC 880, UBC 888, UBC 892 and UBC 895 primers. Similarity index was counted by Jaccard Coefficient formula based on molecular scoring. Cluster analysis was conducted by Unweighted Pair Group Methods using Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method to create a dendrogram with Multivariate Statistical Program (MVSP) v.3.1 software. The results showed that ISSR markers were effective in the estimation of the genetic variability of eggplant accessions characterized by different level of polymorphism. Five ISSR primers generated 40 polymorphic bands (64.5% of the total). The dendrogram divided 23 eggplant accessions into 2 main clusters and one accession ("terong jawa"/K18) located outside from the main cluster. Results suggested that all accessions were grouped randomly into some clusters not in accordance with the locations of sample collection.
Woody plant communities in the Philippine teak forest landscape along Verde Island Passage, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Caringal Anacleto Macatangay , BUOT INOCENCIO Jr , ELAINE LOREEN C. VILLANUEVA
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Caringal AM, Buot IE Jr, Villanueva ELC. 2019. Woody plant communities in the Philippine teak forest landscape along Verde Island Passage, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines. Biodiversitas 20: 3189-3198. The study described the communities of woody plants in a semi-evergreen tropical forest dominated by endemic Philippine teak (Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook. f, Lamiaceae) and determined the local environmental factors affecting the distribution of dominant woody species across the Philippine teak forest (PTF) landscape. The Philippine teak is a Critically Endangered species according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Quantitative dominance analysis of arboreal vegetation data (basal area and relative dominance) from 24 (20m x 20m) sampling plots generated the cluster dendrogram, while Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was performed for 47 woody species and habitat-environment variables. As a result, four vegetation zones were named: (I) pure stand of Tectona philippinensis, (II) mixed T. philippinensis-Garuga floribunda-Terminalia polyantha, (III) mixed Celtis latifolia-T. philippinensis and (IV) mixed Tamarindus indica-Xylocarpus rumphii. These zones were governed more by physiographic (altitude ) and edaphic influences of predominantly agro-coastal landscapes. The environmental variables were essential in verifying not only the association of dominant tree flora in the local landscape but also provide insight for forest management zoning and the ecological requirements of the tree species for in-situ and ex-situ biodiversity conservation.
Diagnostic value of four-dimensional computed tomography and four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism when first-line imaging was inadequate
Authors: Acar N , Haciyanli M , Coskun M , Erdogan NK , Celik SC , Haciyanli SG , Gur EO
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Accurate localisation of the abnormal hyperfunctioning gland with preoperative imaging has a critical role in parathyroid surgery to obtain a successful outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of second-line imaging and their contribution to the treatment success in primary hyperparathyroidism when the first-line methods were negative or discordant.

Methods

Among the patients who underwent parathyroidectomy due to primary hyperparathyroidism, 33 who underwent four-dimensional computed tomography and/or four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging because of negative or discordant first-line imaging results were included. Persistent and recurrent cases were excluded.

Results

The majority of the patients were female (84.8%) and the mean age was 59.2 years. Seventeen patients had four-dimensional computed tomography and 25 had four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Four-dimensional computed tomography and four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging localised the culprit gland successfully in 52.9% and 84%, respectively. Twenty-five patients in whom single adenoma was detected underwent focused parathyroidectomy. The culprit gland was solitary in 32 cases and one patient had double adenoma. Normocalcaemia was achieved in all cases. Among the 29 patients who completed their postoperative sixth month success rate was 100%.

Conclusion

Four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging had high accuracy with fast dynamic imaging in detecting parathyroid adenomas. When the first-line imaging methods were negative or inconclusive, four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging should be considered primarily since it is cost effective in Turkey and emits no radiation.
Urgency and ambition: the influence of political environment and emotion in spurring US women’s candidacies in 2018
Authors: Dittmar Kelly
Published: January 2020

This article analyses publicly reported statements of motivation by non-incumbent women US House candidates in 2018 to assess the role of negative emotions, particularly those cued by catalysing events like the 2016 presidential election, in women candidate emergence. Findings reveal that Democratic non-incumbent women candidates were most likely to describe negative inducements, including feelings of urgency, anger and/or threat, as motivating candidacy, with these emotions slightly more evident in white women’s statements. This indicates that women’s candidacies can emerge, at least in part, from perceptions that the costs of not running are too high to stay on the sidelines.
Wide multiwavelength Brillouin–Raman fiber laser assisted by an arc-shaped fiber attenuator
Authors: Ahmad H. , Al-Alimi A. W.
Published: January 2020

A wide bandwidth, single-spacing half-open-cavity multiwavelength Brillouin–Raman fiber laser (MWBRFL) is demonstrated. The laser cavity contains a fiber loop mirror (FLM) with an arc-shaped optical fiber attenuator that is used to control the mirror reflectivity, thereby suppressing gain competition from longitudinal cavity modes. A tuning range of 45 nm with 632 lines at Raman and 1525 nm Brillouin pump powers of 1.2 W and 12 dBm can be achieved using the 10 dB arc-shaped optical fiber attenuator in the cavity. This is in comparison to 433 Stokes lines obtained over a 31 nm tuning range for the half-open MWBRFL cavity without any feedback power optimization. The MWBRFL has low power fluctuations of less than 0.1 dB over a 1 h test period. The inclusion of the arc-shaped optical fiber attenuator in the MWBRFL provides substantial control over the reflectivity of the FLM as well as improving the laser’s tuning range to generate a high number of Brillouin Stokes signals.
Measuring the topological charge of coherence vortices through the geometry of the far-field cross-correlation function
Authors: Alves Cleberson R. , Amaral João P. , Neto Antônio P. S. , Neto José G. M. N. , Jesus-Silva Alcenisio J.
Published: January 2020

Determination of orbital angular momentum of optical vortex beams has attracted the attention of many researchers over the last few years. For some applications, it is convenient to use a partially coherent vortex beam because of its robustness. In this work, we developed a method to measure the topological charge of a partially coherent vortex beam. Our method relies simply in the measurement of the minimum radius of a zero contour of the modulus of the cross-correlation function and in the measurement of the full width at half maximum of its central spot.
Monitoring of keyhole entrance and molten pool with quality analysis during adjustable ring mode laser welding
Authors: Wang Lin , Mohammadpour Masoud , Yang Baixuan , Gao Xiangdong , Lavoie Jean-Philippe , Kleine Klaus , Kong Fanrong , Kovacevic Radovan
Published: January 2020

The process monitoring of the top side and the evaluation of surface quality were applied in adjustable ring mode (ARM) laser welding of 316 stainless steel by using visual monitoring and confocal sensor technology. Experiments were conducted in different power arrangements of an ARM laser. In this study, the process status was evaluated based on the area of keyhole entrance and the width of the pool. The geometric characteristics of the topside weld were measured by a confocal sensor. The shape of the fusion zone was analyzed based on its cross section. The process mechanism of a different mode of ARM laser welding was investigated by analyzing the process status and geometric characteristics of the surface bead. Experimental results showed that dual-mode laser welding could stabilize the keyhole entrance with a uniform weld surface formation in comparison to the pure ring-mode laser weld. The dual-mode laser also generated a wider molten pool with a wider fusion zone than the pure center laser weld.
Real-time reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy of GaAs homoepitaxy
Authors: Lastras-Martínez A. , Guevara-Macías L. E. , Santiago-García J. G. , Ortega-Gallegos J. , Ruiz-Alvarado I. A. , Martínez-Espinosa R. , Ariza-Flores D. , Castro-García R. , López-Estopier R. E. , Balderas-Navarro R. E. , Lastras-Martínez L. F.
Published: January 2020

Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) is a highly sensitive optical probe for the real-time study of the epitaxial growth of zincblende semiconductors. Here we report on (1) non-equilibrium RAS spectra acquired in real time during the homoepitaxial growth of GaAs, and (2) RAS spectra for GaAs surfaces under equilibrium with several arsenic overpressures. We show that in both cases RAS spectra can be decomposed into two basic components, each with a characteristic line shape. We further show that both dynamic and equilibrium RAS spectra are described by the same pair of basic components. We conclude that the time evolution of non-equilibrium RAS spectra acquired during the epitaxial growth can be described in terms of RAS spectra for equilibrium surfaces. The results reported here should be useful for the interpretation of the physics underlying the rapid time evolution of dynamic RAS spectra during the first monolayer growth. Thus, we show that RAS constitutes a valuable tool for the study of epitaxial growth mechanisms.
Characterization of a single-frequency bismuth-doped fiber power amplifier with a continuous wave and modulated seed source at 1687  nm
Authors: Gomolka Grzegorz , Khegai Aleksandr M. , Alyshev Sergei V. , Lobanov Aleksey S. , Firstov Sergei V. , Nikodem Michal
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we report the performance of a bismuth-doped fiber
amplifier at 1687 nm. This wavelength region is particularly
interesting for laser-based spectroscopy and trace gas detection. The
active bismuth-doped fiber is pumped at 1550 nm. With less than 10 mW
of the seed power, more than 100 mW is obtained at the amplifier’s
output. We also investigate the signal at the output when a
wavelength-modulated seed source is used, and present wavelength
modulation spectroscopy of methane transition near 1687 nm. A
significant baseline is observed in the spectra recorded when the
fiber amplifier is used. The origin of this unwanted background signal
is discussed and methods for its suppression are demonstrated.
Simple and effective tool for estimating tree trunk diameters and tree species classification
Authors: Itakura Kenta , Hosoi Fumiki
Published: January 2020

Tree trunk diameter and tree species are two of the most important parameters in analyzing trees in urban areas and forests. Conventionally, diameters have been measured manually, and the species were determined by sight. An automated tool for these assessments was developed. Tree trunks are automatically detected from captured stereo images. Then, tree trunk diameters are estimated, and the species are determined. The developed graphical user interface tool enables fast and accurate estimation even while one is walking, which reduces the time spent in measuring trees.
Dual differential confocal method for surface profile measurement with a large sensing measurement range
Authors: Shao Rongjun , Zhao Weiqian , Qiu Lirong , Wang Yun , Zhang Ruirui , Zhang Chenglong
Published: January 2020

To meet the requirements of the large sensing measurement range and high axial depth resolution for profile measurement, a dual differential confocal method (DDCM) is proposed in this paper. The DDCM uses the confocal signal to process separately the signal of two pinholes with axial offset, and it adds the two processed signals to obtain an axial response curve with a large slope and linear response range, thereby achieving a high-precision surface profile measurement with no axial scanning. Preliminary experiments show that the DDCM has a sensing measurement range of 0.54 µm and an axial resolution of 1 nm at the numerical aperture of 0.9. Furthermore, the sensing measurement range of the DDCM is approximately 2.9 times that of the differential confocal microscopy.
Comparison of continuous wave versus picosecond SRS and the resonance SRS effect
Authors: Shumyatsky Pavel , Shi Lingyan , Sordillo Laura A. , Budansky Yury , Alfano Robert R.
Published: January 2020

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is a powerful optical technique for probing the vibrational states of molecules in biological tissues and provides greater signal intensities than when using spontaneous Raman scattering. In this study, we examined the use of continuous wave (cw) and picosecond (ps) laser excitations to generate SRS signals in pure methanol, a carotene–methanol solution, acetone, and brain tissue samples. The cw-SRS system, which utilized two cw lasers, produced better signal-to-noise (S/N) than the conventional ps-SRS system, suggesting that the cw-SRS system is an efficient and cost-effective approach for studying SRS in complex systems like the brain. The cw-SRS approach will reduce the size of the SRS system, allowing for stimulated Raman gain/loss microscopy. In addition, we showed that there exists a resonance SRS (RSRS) effect from the carotene–methanol solution and brain tissue samples using cw laser excitations. The RSRS effect will further improve the signal-to-noise and may be utilized as an enhanced, label-free SRS microscopic tool for the study of biological tissues.
Light scattering characterization of single-layer nanoporous SiO2 antireflection coating in visible light
Authors: Sekman Yusuf , Felde Nadja , Ghazaryan Lilit , Szeghalmi Adriana , Schröder Sven
Published: January 2020

Antireflective coatings are widely applied on transparent optical components to reduce reflections at surfaces. Nanoporous silica (NP

S
i
O

2

) thin films with tailored refractive index properties are used as single-layer antireflective coatings providing nearly zero reflectivity. In this work, light scattering properties of nanoporous silica single-layer antireflective coatings are investigated in order to determine their optical quality by means of total scattering and detailed roughness analysis. Scattering and roughness characterization of the samples coated with different film thicknesses were realized to distinguish the influences of nanopores and surface roughness on scattering losses in the visible (VIS) spectral range. No significant correlation of scattering losses with the film thickness is found, showing negligible influence of the nanopores to the overall scattering properties compared with the dominating effect of interface roughness. Moreover, the scattering losses from coated fused silica glass were observed as low as 20 ppm (0.002%). It is confirmed that NP

S
i
O

2

single-layer antireflective coatings are suitable to be used in optics demanding extremely low scattering characteristics.
Glancing-angle-deposited silica films for ultraviolet wave plates
Authors: MacNally S. , Smith C. , Spaulding J. , Foster J. , Oliver J. B.
Published: January 2020

Birefringent silica films are formed by glancing-angle deposition to fabricate quarter- and half-wave plates at a wavelength of 351 nm. A multilayer design is implemented to achieve low-loss transmittance with a high 351-nm laser-induced damage threshold.
Ultra-broadband TE-pass polarizer based on hybrid plasmonic-assisted contra-directional couplers
Authors: Xu Zhengying , Sun Xiaohan
Published: January 2020

An ultra-broadband and compact TE-pass polarizer assisted by contra-directional coupling is proposed, which consists of two identical hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs) and a middle strip grating waveguide (SGW). The grating pitch of the SGW is properly designed to make TM polarization satisfy the phase-matching condition. Therefore, the launched TE mode passes through the middle SGW directly with a very low propagation loss, while the launched TM mode is contra-directionally coupled to the two HPWs evenly and finally absorbed by the top metal layers. Simulation results show that the proposed polarizer has a compact coupling length of

∼

16.48

µ

m

, and the insertion loss, extinction ratio, and reflection loss are 0.269 dB, 27.7 dB, and

−

16.5

d
B

for the fundamental TE mode at 1550 nm, respectively. In the wavelength range of 1430–1700 nm, the ER is more than 20 dB and the IL is less than 1 dB, extending the operating spectrum to 270 nm.
Optical properties of deoxyribonucleic acid thin layers deposited on an elastomer substrate
Authors: Prajzler Vaclav , Jung Woohyun , Oh Kyunghwan , Cajzl Jakub , Nekvindova Pavla
Published: January 2020

The paper presents our research on the optical properties of thin-film deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complexes based on cetyltrimethylammonium (DNA-CTMA) deposited onto an optical elastomer substrate, which may be suitable for the construction of biophotonic devices. The study involved the measurement of Raman spectra, absorption spectra from the visible to the near-infrared region and the values of the refractive indices by m-line spectroscopy at five wavelengths (473, 632.8, 964, 1311, and 1552 nm). The samples were proved to have waveguiding properties from visible to infrared spectrum and high contrast of refractive index - the value is 0,0457. Photoluminescence measurement was done under excitation at three wavelengths (355, 405 and 450 nm) and showed one broadband with maxima at 437, 520 and 530 nm depending on the excitation wavelengths. The study has demonstrated that this combination of polymers, because of its unique properties, has great potential for the implementation of all-polymer structures in the applications of high-density photonics and biocompatible optical devices.
High resolution, programmable aperture light field laparoscope for quantitative depth mapping
Authors: Kwan Elliott , Qin Yi , Hua Hong
Published: January 2020

Recent applications have shown that light field imaging can be useful for developing uniaxial three-dimensional (3D) endoscopes. The immediate challenges in implementation are a tradeoff in lateral resolution and acquiring enough depth information in the physically limited environment of minimally invasive surgery. Here we propose using programmable aperture light field imaging in laparoscopy to capture 3D information without sacrificing the camera sensor’s native, high spatial resolution. This hybrid design utilizes a programmable aperture to preserve the conventional laparoscope’s functionality and, upon demand, to compute a depth map for surgical guidance. A working prototype is demonstrated.
Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of crystalline oxide yttria-stabilized zirconia
Authors: Marcaud Guillaume , Serna Samuel , Panaghiotis Karamanis , Alonso-Ramos Carlos , Le Roux Xavier , Berciano Mathias , Maroutian Thomas , Agnus Guillaume , Aubert Pascal , Jollivet Arnaud , Ruiz-Caridad Alicia , Largeau Ludovic , Isac Nathalie , Cassan Eric , Matzen Sylvia , Dubreuil Nicolas , Rérat Michel , Lecoeur Philippe , Vivien Laurent
Published: January 2020

Nonlinear all-optical technology is an ultimate route for the next-generation ultrafast signal processing of optical communication systems. New nonlinear functionalities need to be implemented in photonics, and complex oxides are considered as promising candidates due to their wide panel of attributes. In this context, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) stands out, thanks to its ability to be epitaxially grown on silicon, adapting the lattice for the crystalline oxide family of materials. We report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, a detailed theoretical and experimental study about the third-order nonlinear susceptibility in crystalline YSZ. Via self-phase modulation-induced broadening and considering the in-plane orientation of YSZ, we experimentally obtained an effective Kerr coefficient of

n

^

2

YSZ

=
4.0
±
2
×

10

−
19

  

m

2

·

W

−
1

in an 8% (mole fraction) YSZ waveguide. In agreement with the theoretically predicted

n

^

2

YSZ

=
1.3
×

10

−
19

  

m

2

·
  

W

−
1

, the third-order nonlinear coefficient of YSZ is comparable with the one of silicon nitride, which is already being used in nonlinear optics. These promising results are a new step toward the implementation of functional oxides for nonlinear optical applications.
IV AENC e integración laboral de las personas con discapacidad: ¿nuevo impulso para la negociación colectiva?
Authors: Barbancho Tovillas Fernando , Romeo Marina , Yepes-Baldó Montserrat
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo analiza el contenido del IV Acuerdo para el empleo y la negociación colectiva para los años 2018-2020, y hace una valoración crítica de este, analizando, por un lado, si contiene concreciones y regulación específica o supone una mera declaración de intenciones, y por otro, el grado de novedad de sus formulaciones.  Cabe concluir que el AENC supone una mera declaración de intenciones y, sobre todo, reiteraciones de aspectos y cuestiones previstos en la normativa que afectan e inciden en el empleo ordinario de las personas con discapacidad, más que plantear líneas de actuación futura o novedades. En el futuro habrá que constatar si los convenios colectivos recogen estas orientaciones y objetivos generales en acciones concretas que obliguen al empresariado a hacer algo real y efectivo para la integración laboral, más allá de las buenas intenciones y de reiterar lo establecido en la normativa vigente con carácter general.
Формирование взглядов кабинетской администрации на коммерческую эксплуатацию лесов в Алтайском округе (1896-1911 гг.)
Authors: Карпенко Елена Анатольевна
Published: January 2020

Представлено формирование взглядов Кабинета его императорского величества на коммерческую эксплуатацию лесов Алтайского округа в 1896-1911 гг. как на один из обязательных элементов ведения рационального лесного хозяйства. С конца XIX в. и до начала второго десятилетия XX в. приоритетные позиции в политике ведомства по коммерциализации лесной отрасли отдавались экстенсивному натуральному лесному хозяйству. В связи с упадком горной промышленности возникла необходимость поиска новых источников дохода округа. С 1896 г. эксплуатация лесных ресурсов стала рассматриваться в качестве самостоятельного источника прибыли. Ставка на внутренний рынок лесных материалов и обострение отношений с населением в вопросе лесопользования в ходе землеустройства сдерживали развитие кабинетского предпринимательства. Постепенно были проведены административные и нормативные преобразования, позволившие с 1911 г. объединить в одну структуру заготовку, транспортировку и переработку леса. Все кабинетские предприятия, связанные с рынком, получили статус самостоятельных хозяйственных единиц с непосредственным подчинением управлению округа. В ходе проведенных мероприятий произошел переход к интенсивному ведению лесного хозяйства в регионе, способствовавший увеличению дохода округа от предпринимательского сектора в экономике. Период 1896-1911 гг. определен как начальный этап процесса коммерциализации лесного хозяйства Алтайского округа.
Применение исторических ГИС в исследовании социальных и экономических процессов
Authors: Рыгалова Мария Владимировна
Published: January 2020

Рассматриваются тенденции применения геоинформационных технологий в комплексных исторических исследованиях на современном этапе. Направления, в которых большое влияние оказывает пространственный фактор (социальные, демографические, экономические), являются наиболее перспективными для применения ГИС-технологий. Если зарубежные исследователи изначально были нацелены на масштабные ГИС-проекты (национальные проекты Великобритании, США, Бельгии и др.), то отечественные исследования отличались преимущественно узкой проблематикой, небольшим хронологическим или территориальным охватом. Однако ГИС-проекты последних лет показывают существенные успехи российских специалистов в этой области. Появились масштабные проекты, охватывающие разноаспектные направления, новые группы источников, а также ГИС, доступные для ознакомления онлайн. Одно из главных преимуществ ГИС, связанное с компактным хранением данных и комплексным их анализом, стало рассматриваться исследователями как решающий фактор применения этих технологий, вытеснило уже тривиальную мысль о масштабности работы над созданием ГИС-ресурса. Примеры проектов, охватывающих комплекс показателей, демонстрируют большую целесообразность использования в качестве исследовательского инструментария ГИС.
Определение географических координат археологических объектов с помощью старых карт
Authors: Болелов Сергей Борисович , Колганова Галина Юрьевна , Никифоров Михаил Геннадьевич , Семикопенко Геннадий Петрович
Published: January 2020

Задача точного определения координат археологических объектов возникает в процессе анализа освоения территорий населением в разные исторические периоды. Наиболее близкие к действительности карты позволят получить более точные результаты. В настоящее время эта задача ставится в общем виде при построении геоинформационных систем (ГИС) отдельных памятников, комплексов памятников или обширных территорий. До этого перед археологами в принципе не стояла задача составления ГИС и высокоточного определения координат исследуемых объектов. При решении данной задачи основной проблемой является отсутствие информации по географическим координатам объектов, что критично в том случае, если самого объекта уже не существует. В качестве примера можно привести территорию исторического Хорезма, многие памятники которого были потеряны в результате сельскохозяйственного освоения земель.

Чтобы получить координаты не существующих в настоящее время памятников, можно воспользоваться спутниковыми снимками конца 1960-х — 1970-х гг., однако исследуемый объект должен быть хорошо заметен из космоса. При плохой сохранности памятника единственной возможностью для определения его географических координат является использование археологических карт, например, составленных Хорезмской экспедицией.

Основная идея состоит в том, что если определить локальные координаты не существующих в наше время памятников относительно сохранившихся до нашего времени памятников (назовем их опорными объектами), то, зная современные географические координаты опорных объектов, можно найти координаты несуществующих объектов. Точность нахождения координат определяется точностью, с которой составлены археологические карты. Поэтому возникает задача определения географических координат памятников с максимально возможной точностью с помощью археологической карты.
Enfrentamento de Idosos Frente à Sexualidade na Terceira Idade: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura / Elderly Facing Sexuality in Senior Years: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Souza Gilyanne Da Silva , Costa Leonardo Silva da , Batista Júnior João Bosco Caraciolo , Maciel Marcela De Araújo Cavalcante
Published: January 2020

Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar na literatura nacional as principais dificuldades referidas por idosos frente a sexualidade na terceira idade. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no mês de Outubro de 2017, na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde através das bases de dados SCIELO, LILACS, MEDLINE e BDENF. Resultados: Foram selecionados  quinze estudos para compor a amostra final. Dentre esses, 6 (40%) correspondem ao ano de 2015, 3 (20%) ao ano de 2011, 2 (13,3%) ao ano de 2010, os anos de 2007, 2009, 2013 e 2014 apresentaram apenas 1 estudo (6,6%), cada. No tocante a base de dados, 7 (46,6%) foram encontrados na LILACS, 3 (20%) na BDENF, 1 (6,6%) na SCIELO, 1 (6,6%) na MEDLINE. Conclusão: Há necessidade de redirecionar maiores esforços no que refere a construção de conceitos que idealizem a pessoa idosa como ser livre para vivenciar sua sexualidade, desprendida de estigmas culturais, que estão enraizados socialmente.
Integrated Imaging Methodology Detects Claudin-1 Expression in Premalignant Nonpolypoid and Polypoid Colonic Epithelium in Mice
Authors: Wang Fa , Duan Xiyu , Chen Jing , Gao Zhenghong , Zhou Juan , Wu Xiaoli , Chang Tse-Shao , Lee Miki , Li Gaoming , Nusrat Asma , Kuick Rork , Appelman Henry D. , Wang Thomas D.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Conventional colonoscopy with white light illumination detects colonic adenomas based on structural changes alone and is limited by a high miss rate. We aim to demonstrate an integrated imaging strategy that combines wide-field endoscopy and confocal endomicroscopy in real time to visualize molecular expression patterns in vivo to detect premalignant colonic mucosa.

METHODS:

A peptide specific for claudin-1 is labeled with Cy5.5 and administrated intravenously in genetically engineered mice that develop adenomas spontaneously in the distal colon. Wide-field endoscopy is used to identify the presence of nonpolypoid and polypoid adenomas. Anatomic landmarks are used to guide placement of a confocal endomicroscope with side-view optics to visualize claudin-1 expression patterns with subcellular resolution.

RESULTS:

Wide-field fluorescence images show peak uptake in colon adenoma at ∼1 hour after systemic peptide administration, and lesion margins are clearly defined. Further examination of the lesion using a confocal endomicroscope shows dysplastic crypts with large size, elongated shape, distorted architecture, and variable dimension compared with normal. The mean fluorescence intensity is significantly higher for dysplasia than normal. Increased claudin-1 expression in dysplasia vs normal is confirmed ex vivo, and the binding pattern is consistent with the in vivo imaging results.

DISCUSSION:

Wide-field endoscopy can visualize molecular expression of claudin-1 in vivo to localize premalignant colonic mucosa, and confocal endomicroscopy can identify subcellular feature to distinguish dysplasia from normal.
Linear Pinch Equilibrium of Non-Neutral Plasma Revisited: Phenomenological Consequences of a Numerical Accuracy Problem
Authors: Braga F. L. , Soares D. N.
Published: January 2020

Weibel in 1959 under considerations of a collisionless non-neutral cylindrical plasma column studied a linear pinch conﬁnement equilibrium. As reported here, due to non-linearity of the ordinary diﬀerential equations obtained for the electrostatic and magnetostatic ﬁelds is possible to demonstrate that the conﬁning features previously obtained are extremely dependent on the initial conditions, and the arrangement of two parameters (β - the ratio between ion and electron mass; M/KT - ratio between relativistic rest energy associated with the pair electron-ion and thermal energy kT ) related to the plasma column characteristics. We investigated in this paper the plasma column behavior (conﬁning or non-conﬁning) under modiﬁcations of that set of parameters. We detected a set of parameters values that imposes a conﬁning conﬁguration with an electronic skin eﬀect on the plasma column, not yet reported or discussed in the literature.
Switching Behaviour of a Series Connection of a Vacuum Interrupter and a Gas Circuit Breaker
Authors: Götte N. , Bendig M. , Krampert T. , Nikolic P. G.
Published: January 2020

After being in the focus of sciences' and industry's research and development activities for many years, the investigation of possible SF6 gas-alternatives has been even more intensified after the revision of the European F-Gas regulation 517/2014. As natural gases yield a significantly lower dielectric strength in comparison to SF6, new challenges arise for the design of high voltage switchgear. Vacuum interrupters are environmentally friendly, reliable and able to withstand steep rising transient recovery voltages. In the last years, first installations of switchgear based on vacuum switching technology in sub-transmission level are in operation. One option for the realization of a SF6 free high voltage switchgear for transmission level is the combination of a gas circuit breaker filled with an atmospheric gas with a vacuum interrupter in a hybrid switchgear. In this contribution the voltage distribution and switching behavior of a hybrid circuit breaker is experimentally investigated.
Investigation of Silicon Wafers’ Influence on the Local Microwave Power Values in a Resonator-Type Plasmatron
Authors: Madveika S. , Bordusau S. , Lushakova M. , Tsikhan O.
Published: January 2020

The article concerns the investigation results of the ø100 mm silicon wafers' influence on the microwave power value fMW=2.45 ± 0.05 GHz in local points on the axis of a reaction-discharge chamber with the volume of about 9000 cm3 of a resonator-type plasmatron. The experiments were carried out in the conditions of the dynamic microwave power redistribution inside a volumetric resonator by using a moving dissector. To register microwave power in the plasma volume, the method of "the active probe" was used. It has been experimentally established that the decrease of distance between the silicon wafers results in the decrease of local microwave power values between them up to 50%. The investigation results of the silicon wafers' influence on the microwave power distribution structure in the gas discharge area indicate the presence of power distribution nonuniformity in the discharge area volume.
Streptozocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease as an independent risk factor for the development of hyperglycemia in Wistar rats
Authors: Stavrovskaya Alla V. , Voronkov Dmitry N. , Shestakova Ekaterina A. , Gushchina Anastasiya S. , Olshansky Artyom S. , Yamshikova Nina G.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: In recent years the theme of the relationship of Alzheimers disease (AD) and metabolic disorders has been widely discussed. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether AD is a direct cause of carbohydrate metabolism disorders or it is the presence of classical risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2), primarily obesity, that significantly increases the risk of AD.
AIM: To evaluate the separate contribution of two factors to the development of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: (1) weight gain due to a high-calorie diet and (2) experimental-induced AD.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozocin (STZ) in the lateral ventricles of the brain to induce AD or saline (sham operated animals - SO) during stereotactic operations. After 2 weeks, the animals were divided into four groups: 1) the SO group, which was assigned to the normal calorie (NCD) diet (SO NCD); 2) the SO group, which was assigned to the high-calorie diet (SO HCD); 3) the group to which the norm-calorie diet was prescribed after the administration of STZ into the lateral ventricles of the brain (STZ NCD); 4) the group to which the HCD was assigned after the administration of STZ (STZ HCD). The animals were on a diet for 3 months. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were carried out before the diet and after 3 months. At the end of the study, a morphological assessment of brain tissue, pancreas, and liver was performed.
RESULTS: 3 months after surgical interventions and the appointment of diets, the glycemic curves significantly differed in the 4 studied groups: normoglycemia persisted only in the SO + NCD group, while HCD and the STZ administration were accompanied by the development of hyperglycemia (p = 0.0001). The STZ + NСD group, which represented the isolated effect of AD, was also characterized by impaired carbohydrate metabolism. A morphological study showed that HCD leads to a more pronounced ectopic accumulation of fat in the liver and pancreas tissue than NCD. The administration of STZ, regardless of the diet, led to changes typical for the AD model an increase in the size of the ventricles of the brain, degeneration of white matter, and the accumulation of -amyloid in the hypothalamus.
CONCLUSIONS: The STZ-induced brain damage typical for AD led to impaired carbohydrate metabolism regardless of diet and was an independent risk factor for hyperglycemia.
Tríade cognitiva e crenças centrais no Children Apperception Test (CAT) em filha de pai alcoolista
Authors: Ferrarez Fernandes Lopes Renata , Hippólito Carvalho Maia Larissa , Ferrarez Fernandes Lopes Maria Clara
Published: January 2020

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar um protocolo de avaliação cognitivo- comportamentalutilizando o Children Apperception Test (versão Animal e versão Humana), o Baralho dosProblemas e o Baralho das Emoções, a fim de identificar problemas no controle dos impulsospresentes no Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH), e a natureza darelação de criança portadora de TDAH com as figuras parentais, quando uma delas é alcoolista.Para isso realizou-se um estudo de caso único exploratório, no qual na fase de avaliação foramaplicados o CAT-H, o CAT-A, o Baralho dos Problemas e o Baralho das Emoções em uma criança com 8 anos, cujo pai era alcoolista. A análise dos resultados foi feita com base emestatísticas descritivas do desempenho da criança no Baralho dos Problemas - predominânciade sinais e sintomas de hiperatividade (90%) e ansiedade (90%) - e no Baralho das Emoções- teimosia (30%); desgostar (20%) e tristeza (30%). Comparou-se, ainda, o desempenho dacriança no CAT-A com os temas apresentados pelo grupo normativo de sua faixa etária descritono manual do teste. Foi realizada uma prova de concordância para categorias de crenças centrais(Kappa=0,81) e elementos da tríade cognitiva (Kappa= 0,87) observadas nas narrativas obtidasno CAT-A e CAT-H. Este estudo de caso permitiu verificar que o CAT-A e CAT-H, embora produzam histórias diferentes da perspectiva de seu conteúdo narrativo, avaliaram igualmente crenças centrais ligadas ao desamor, desamparo e desvalor, além de viabilizarem a verificaçãode aspectos da tríade cognitiva: visão de si revelando uma autoestima rebaixada, e uma visãodo outro como alguém crítico. Esses instrumentos parecem auxiliar na conceitualização decaso numa perspectiva cognitivo-comportamental de crianças com sintomas externalizantesligados ao TDAH, especialmente em um contexto de conflito familiar relacionado ao abuso de álcool.
الوضوح السمعي فى الأصوات اللغوية
Authors: Omer Nawzad A. , AL-Samarrai Ibrahim A.
Published: January 2020

البحث الموسوم, ب (الوضوح السمعي في الأصوات اللغوية, دراسة مقارنة بين أصوات اللغة العربية و اللغة الكوردية ) الكثير من الباحثين لم يفرقوا بين قوة الإسماع والوضوح السّمعيّ, فقوة الإسماع حصيلة العلوّ والشدة أما الوضوح السّمعيّ فهو متأثر بدرجة الصّوت وتردده والطول والنّوع والعلوّ والشّدّة وحجرة الرنين فبعض الأصوات لها درجة عالية من والوضوح السّمعيّ كاللام والنون ، ولكنهما ليسا من أقوى الأصوات من حيث قوةُ إسماعهما لهذا نستطيع أن نجعل قوّة الإسماع عاملا مساعدا للوضوح السمعي ،فكل صوت انماز بقوّة الإسماع فهو واضح، وليس العكس كذلك .لا شك أنَّ إدراك الكلام وفهمه مرتبطان ارتباطا وثيقا بالوضوح السمعي؛ لأنَّ نقل الأفكار أو الأحاسيس من عقل المتكلم إلى عقل المستمع مترابط بعضها ببعض ، وهدفها الأساس هو إدراك الكلام عن طريق تحليل الرسالة اللغوية، وفك رموزها من التيار الصوتي القادم من المتكلم إلى السامع، وهوما يتم على الوجه الأكمل من خلال الوضوح في التعبير من جانب المتكلم، وسلامة جهاز التلقي لدى السامع، الذي هو الأذن . ونحن نريد في هذا البحث إجراء مقارنة بين الأصوات اللغوية في اللغة العربية بوصفها من أسر اللغات السامية، واللغة الكوردية بوصفها من أسر اللغات الهندو أوروبية، لنبيّن الأصوات التي لها أثر كبير في الوضوح السمعي، تجعل الكلام مفهوما واضحا، لا شائبة فيه. وهناك أصوات مشتركة بين اللغتين لها الأثر نفسه في الوضوح السمعي، وكذلك هناك أصوات مختلفة بينهما لها أثر في لغة دون الأخرى، وهذا البحث يحاول بيان الاتفاق والاختلاف بين أصوات هاتين اللغتين من حيث الوضوح السمعي لدى المتلقي.
FINANCIAL CONTROL AND THE EMPLOYER OF LAST RESORT
Authors: TOPOROWSKI JAN
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the policy that has been suggested to resolve involuntary unemployment by having the government employ any persons who register as unemployed. This policy is compared to the full employment proposal of Michał Kalecki. Kalecki’s proposals also contained a strategy for financing full employment. Like the Employer of Last Resort proposal, Kalecki’s strategy allows employment policies to be examined from financial control, rather than the usual approaches of examining the impact of employment policy on labour productivity, or inflation, although both come into the analysis. The paper, therefore, outlines the proposal for an employer of last resort, and the proposed financing of that policy. A second part looks at Kalecki’s proposals for full employment and its financing. A third part then considers the impact of the employer of last resort policy on financial stability.
WHAT COLOR IS THE WHITE HOUSE? OR JOURNALISM IN THE POST-TRUTH ERA INTERVIEW WITH PATRICK VISONNEAU
Authors: VISONNEAU PATRICK , CIPOLLA WILLIAM F.
Published: January 2020

The following interview took place during the conference Truth and Communication in the Era of Misinformation from Kierkegaard to Social Media held at St. John’s University, November 16-17, 2018.
“This language still motivates me!” Advanced language students and their L2 motivation
Authors: Huhtala Anne , Kursiša Anta , Vesalainen Marjo
Published: January 2020

The article focuses on written narratives of 51 Finnish university students who study German, Swedish or French as their major or one of their minors at an advanced level. The study aims to find what keeps these students motivated to study their L2. The data have been analyzed using analysis of narratives (Polkinghorne, 1995). Dörnyei’s (2009a, 2009b, 2014) L2 motivational self system (L2MSS), built around the concepts of ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self and L2 learning experience, is used as the theoretical framework. The results indicate that perceived social pressure (ought-to L2 self) may be important when the study decision is made, but its importance diminishes during the studies. Instead, a future L2-related vision (ideal L2 self) as well as peers, teachers, course contents, and learning atmosphere (L2 learning experience) become increasingly important during the studies. The role of the emotional dimension of possible selves seems to be central in developing and preserving study motivation. At the end of the article, some implications of the results for higher education programs of languages other than English (LOTEs) are presented.
Promoting EFL students’ accuracy and fluency through interactive practice activities
Authors: McDonough Kim , Sato Masatoshi
Published: January 2020

This study examined the effectiveness of interactive activities at facilitating EFL students’ production of English relative clauses. Thirty-seven EFL learners in Chile carried out interactive activities designed to elicit relative clauses. Pre- and posttests were used to examine whether carrying out the activities facilitated the students’ production of relative clauses. All interactions were audio-recorded and the transcripts were analyzed to determine how accurately and fluently the students produced relative clauses before, during, and after the practice activities. Whereas accuracy was defined as errors involving relative clause formation, fluency was operationalized in terms of the number of pauses, false starts, and self-corrections that occurred within relative clauses. The results showed that the students produced significantly more accurate relative clauses on the posttest; however, their production of dysfluencies remained unchanged. Implications for the use of interactive activities are discussed.