bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Levels and Forms of Incivility and Deliberative Quality in Online Discussions on COVID-19: A Cross-Platform Analysis
Authors: Schroll Cornelia , Huber Brigitte
Published: February 2022

Studying incivility in online discussions is a crucial research endeavor, especially in light of a pandemic, as user comments have been shown to be an important source of information and basis for opinion formation. Scholars are increasingly interested in studying incivility from a comparative perspective. This study contributes to this strand of literature by investigating incivility in user comments on the news website and Facebook site of the Austrian newspaper Der Standard. A content analysis (N = 240) was employed to identify forms and levels of incivility in user comments on topics related to COVID-19. Results show Facebook comments to be significantly less uncivil than user comments on the newspaper's website. Moreover, differences regarding the prevalence of the dimensions of incivility on the two platforms were identified. Finally, results suggest that incivility does not necessarily go hand in hand with lower levels of deliberative quality. Implications for news organizations and democracy are discussed.
The Influence of Flexible Employment on Workers’ Wellbeing: Evidence From Chinese General Social Survey
Authors: Liu Teng , Liu Qian , Jiang Daokui
Published: February 2022

Based on the 2017 China General Social Survey data, with 5,439 observations as research objects, this paper empirically tests the impact of flexible employment on workers’ wellbeing and introduces labor income as mediator and social security as moderator to explore the mechanism of action. The empirical results show that: flexible employment has an inverted U-shaped relationship with workers’ wellbeing, which indicates that increasing employments’ flexibility will first rise and then reduce their perceived subjective wellbeing after reaching the peak; labor income plays a mediating role in the relationship of flexible employment and wellbeing of workers; social security moderates the mediating effect of labor income whereas the moderating role in the relationship between flexible employment and workers’ wellbeing is not observed. Implications and future development of flexible employment are discussed.
Cognitive Loading and Knowledge Hiding in Art Design Education: Cognitive Engagement as Mediator and Supervisor Support as Moderator
Authors: Gao Tao , Kuang Lihong
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is to document a new predictor of knowledge hiding from the perspective of Art design trainers and Art design trainees in virtual training’s and this study tends to add new theoretical insights into the body of literature. For this purpose, this study approached a sample of 500 respondents under a cross-sectional research design and respondents who have participated in virtual trainings or their trainings were at the final stage were recruited through the snowball sampling technique. The useable responses remained at 406 and these have been analyzed through SPSS for demographic analysis and Smart-PLS has been used to test the structural model, while a process macro has been used to test the moderation. Results indicate that cognitive loading has the potency to reduce the knowledge hiding behavior of the trainees. Similarly, it has been observed that cognitive loading increases the cognitive engagement of the trainees, and it moreover reduces the knowledge hiding tendency of trainees. In case of mediation, a partial mediation has been documented through the variance accounted for (VAF) approach while testing moderation. The role of supervisor support has not been found to be statistically significant.
Static and Dynamic Assessment of Intelligence in ADHD Subtypes
Authors: Fabio Rosa Angela , Towey Giulia Emma , Caprì Tindara
Published: February 2022

There is a debate about the measure of IQ in children with ADHD. Some studies report that, compared to static assessment procedures, dynamic assessment of intelligence can better measure cognitive modifiability and plasticity. The present study was designed to examine children belonging to different ADHD subtypes (inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined) in terms of both static (WISC scores) and dynamic measures (Modifiability index). Thirty-four children (12 ADHD-I, 10 ADHD-H, and 12 ADHD-C) were compared to a sample of 27 typically developing children. Results indicate that only the inattentive and the combined subtypes, compared with the normative sample, show lower IQ scores. The ADHD-I group presents generally low WISC scores and ADHD-H presents generally high WISC scores. Moreover, the ADHD-C group shows a low static score and a high dynamic score, indicating a wide breadth of Vygotskian children’s zone of proximal development. Static and dynamic measurements together can indeed be considered a comprehensive examination of intelligence levels in ADHD children and may be essential in predicting learning capacities.
Finding Effective and Efficient Ways to Integrate Research Advances Into the Clinical Suicide Risk Assessment Interview
Authors: Rudd M. David , Bryan Craig J.
Published: February 2022

Research in clinical suicidology continues to rapidly expand, much of it with implications for day-to-day clinical practice. Clinicians routinely wrestle with how best to integrate recent advances into practice and how to do so in efficient and effective fashion. This article identifies five critical domains of recent research findings and offers examples of simple questions that can easily be integrated into a clinician's existing suicide risk assessment interview and related protocol helping inform the risk formulation process.
Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Emergency Trauma: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhong Junfeng , Li Yan , Fang Lichao , Han Dan , Gong Chuhao , Hu Shuangyan , Wang Rongguo , Wang Liwei , Yao Rui , Li Beiping , Zhu Yangzi , Yu Youjia
Published: February 2022

Objective

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent and disabling consequence of traumatic events. A previous study found that early use of propofol was a potential risk factor for PTSD. This prospective study aimed to investigate the effect of propofol and sevoflurane on PTSD after emergency surgery in trauma patients.

Methods

A total of 300 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery were randomly divided into two groups and anesthetized with propofol and/or sevoflurane. Perioperative clinical data were collected. The incidence of PTSD was evaluated with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) in the two groups 1 month after the operation. The relevance of the injury time and CAPS-5 scores was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for PTSD.

Results

The incidence of PTSD in the propofol group was higher than that in the sevoflurane group 1 month postoperatively (23.2 vs. 12.2%, P = 0.014). The injury time was negatively correlated with the CAPS-5 score in the propofol group (r = -0.226, P < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, the utilization of propofol was an independent risk factor for PTSD (P = 0.017).

Conclusion

Early use of propofol general anesthesia in emergency surgery for trauma patients may increase the risk of PTSD.

Clinical Trial Registration

www.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR2100050202.
Early Childhood Caries Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Monastir, Tunisia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chouchene Farah , Masmoudi Fatma , Baaziz Ahlem , Maatouk Fethi , Ghedira Hichem
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of ECC among preschool children in Monastir, Tunisia.

Methods

The survey was designed as a cross-sectional study carried out between February and April 2021 in the main region of Monastir, Tunisia. A total of 381 preschool children were randomly selected using a three-stage clustered sampling technique from 10 daycares. The dental caries were diagnosed using WHO recommendations and a questionnaire in Arabic language was used to record personnel profile of the enrolled children. The chi-square test was used in bivariate analyses to assess the association between ECC and risk factors. Variables showing significant associations were included in multiple logistic regression models.

Results

The prevalence of ECC was 20% and the mean dmft score was 0.89 ± 0.24. The prevalence of ECC increased at the age of 48–59 months ([OR] 2.602; 95%CI: 1.122–2.302), the age of 60–71 months ([OR] 2.845; 95% CI: 1.128–2.072), in children with nocturnal feeding ([OR] 2,417; 95% CI: 1.340–4,358), who take sugary drinks in the bottle ([OR] 1.104; 95% CI: 1.667–2.826), stopped breast or bottle feeding after the age of 18 months ([OR] 2.417; 95% CI: 1.340–4.358), do not brush their teeth properly ([OR] 1.435; 95% CI: 1.207–2.915), had visited a dentist ([OR] 2.444; 95% CI: 2.072–1.108), and decreased in children with a more highly educated parents ([OR] 0.797; 95%CI: 0.171–0.650).

Conclusion

Given the relatively high prevalence of ECC in Tunisia, it is important to review public dental health policies and develop effective strategies to encourage changes in behavior related to the oral health of children to prevent the spread and worsening of this disease.
Role of Entrepreneurial Behavior in Achieving Sustainable Digital Economy
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhou Han , Zhang Yanan , Sun XiaoRan
Published: February 2022

Entrepreneurship is a key indicator of not only personal growth but also economic growth by proposing a solution to worldwide problem of unemployment. The main purpose of this study is to measure the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and expectancy-value belief in digital economy among the students enrolled in universities of China. In this study quantitative approach was used for measuring the impact of entrepreneurial self-efficacy for achieving the entrepreneurial success along with expectancy-value belief wih the support of theories of entrepreneurial self-efficacy theory and achievement goal theory. The population frame for this study is the students of universities enrolled in degrees in China who were selected for data analysis through convenience sampling. The sample size for the study was 324. The data for the study has been analyzed using Smart-PLS software. The current study has been a contribution to the literature by measuring the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in entrepreneurial intentions, expectancy-value belief, and the entrepreneurial success and ultimate role in attaining the digital economy. The study has found that in this digital era, entrepreneurial success and expectancy-value belief are significantly predicted by entrepreneurial self-efficacy which in turn significantly predict the achievement of the digital economy in this progressing century. Furthermore, entrepreneurial success has been found to be an important mediator in the relationship between entrepreneurial self efficacy and digital economy for the present study. Moreover, entrepreneurial success has also significantly mediated the relationship of expectancy value belief and digital economy. This study is considerable for the universities in employing those study programs that help the motivated students in starting their businesses and such workshops should be made part of the curriculum to achieve their entrepreneurial goals and reach the expected success in entrepreneurship.
Regorafenib in Glioblastoma Recurrence: How to Deal With MR Imaging Treatments Changes
Authors: Gaudino Simona , Marziali Giammaria , Giordano Carolina , Gigli Riccardo , Varcasia Giuseppe , Magnani Francesca , Chiesa Silvia , Balducci Mario , Costantini Alessandro Maria , Della Pepa Giuseppe Maria , Olivi Alessandro , Russo Rosellina , Colosimo Cesare
Published: February 2022

The treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas remains a major challenge of daily neuro-oncology practice, and imaging findings of new therapies may be challenging. Regorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor that has recently been introduced into clinical practice to treat recurrent glioblastoma, bringing with it a novel panel of MRI imaging findings. On the basis of the few data in the literature and on our personal experience, we have identified the main MRI changes during regorafenib therapy, and then, we defined two different patterns, trying to create a simple summary line of the main changes of pathological tissue during therapy. We named these patterns, respectively, pattern A (less frequent, similar to classical progression disease) and pattern B (more frequent, with decreased diffusivity and decrease contrast-enhancement). We have also reported MR changes concerning signal intensity on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, SWI, and perfusion imaging, derived from the literature (small series or case reports) and from our clinical experience. The clinical implication of these imaging modifications remains to be defined, taking into account that we are still at the dawn in the evaluation of such imaging modifications.
High Resolution, Annual Maps of Field Boundaries for Smallholder-Dominated Croplands at National Scales
Authors: Estes Lyndon D. , Ye Su , Song Lei , Luo Boka , Eastman J. Ronald , Meng Zhenhua , Zhang Qi , McRitchie Dennis , Debats Stephanie R. , Muhando Justus , Amukoa Angeline H. , Kaloo Brian W. , Makuru Jackson , Mbatia Ben K. , Muasa Isaac M. , Mucha Julius , Mugami Adelide M. , Mugami Judith M. , Muinde Francis W. , Mwawaza Fredrick M. , Ochieng Jeff , Oduol Charles J. , Oduor Purent , Wanjiku Thuo , Wanyoike Joseph G. , Avery Ryan B. , Caylor Kelly K.
Published: February 2022

Mapping the characteristics of Africa’s smallholder-dominated croplands, including the sizes and numbers of fields, can provide critical insights into food security and a range of other socioeconomic and environmental concerns. However, accurately mapping these systems is difficult because there is 1) a spatial and temporal mismatch between satellite sensors and smallholder fields, and 2) a lack of high-quality labels needed to train and assess machine learning classifiers. We developed an approach designed to address these two problems, and used it to map Ghana’s croplands. To overcome the spatio-temporal mismatch, we converted daily, high resolution imagery into two cloud-free composites (the primary growing season and subsequent dry season) covering the 2018 agricultural year, providing a seasonal contrast that helps to improve classification accuracy. To address the problem of label availability, we created a platform that rigorously assesses and minimizes label error, and used it to iteratively train a Random Forests classifier with active learning, which identifies the most informative training sample based on prediction uncertainty. Minimizing label errors improved model F1 scores by up to 25%. Active learning increased F1 scores by an average of 9.1% between first and last training iterations, and 2.3% more than models trained with randomly selected labels. We used the resulting 3.7 m map of cropland probabilities within a segmentation algorithm to delineate crop field boundaries. Using an independent map reference sample (n= 1,207), we found that the cropland probability and field boundary maps had respective overall accuracies of 88 and 86.7%, user’s accuracies for the cropland class of 61.2 and 78.9%, and producer’s accuracies of 67.3 and 58.2%. An unbiased area estimate calculated from the map reference sample indicates that cropland covers 17.1% (15.4–18.9%) of Ghana. Using the most accurate validation labels to correct for biases in the segmented field boundaries map, we estimated that the average size and total number of field in Ghana are 1.73 ha and 1,662,281, respectively. Our results demonstrate an adaptable and transferable approach for developing annual, country-scale maps of crop field boundaries, with several features that effectively mitigate the errors inherent in remote sensing of smallholder-dominated agriculture.
The Symbiosis of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy and Telemental Health: A Review
Authors: Ong Triton , Wilczewski Hattie , Soni Hiral , Nisbet Quinn , Paige Samantha R. , Barrera Janelle F. , Welch Brandon M. , Bunnell Brian E.
Published: February 2022

Phobias and related anxiety are common and costly mental health disorders. Experts anticipate the prevalence of phobias will increase due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Exposure therapies have been established as effective and reliable treatments for anxiety, including recent innovations in virtual reality-based exposure therapy (VRET). With the recent advent of telemental health (TMH), VRET is poised to become mainstream. The combination of VRET and TMH has the potential to extend provider treatment options and improve patient care experiences. In this narrative review, we describe how recent events have accelerated VRET + TMH, identify barriers to VRET + TMH implementation, and discuss strategies to navigate those barriers.
A Multi-Event Study of Early-Stage SEP Acceleration by CME-Driven Shocks—Sun to 1 AU
Authors: Kozarev Kamen , Nedal Mohamed , Miteva Rositsa , Dechev Momchil , Zucca Pietro
Published: February 2022

The solar corona between below 10 solar radii is an important region for early acceleration and transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) by coronal mass ejection-driven shock waves. There, these waves propagate into a highly variable dynamic medium with steep gradients and rapidly expanding coronal magnetic fields, which modulates the particle acceleration near the shock/wave surfaces, and the way SEPs spread into the heliosphere. We present a study modeling the acceleration of SEPs in global coronal shock events in the corona, as well as their transport to 1 au, based on telescopic observations coupled with dynamic physical models. As part of the project Solar Particle Radiation Environment Analysis and Forecasting—Acceleration and Scattering Transport (SPREAdFAST), we model the interaction of observed off-limb coronal bright fronts (CBF) with the coronal plasma from synoptic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. We then simulate the SEP acceleration in analytical diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) model. The simulated fluxes are used as time-dependent inner boundary conditions for modeling the particle transport to 1 au. Resulting flux time series are compared with 1 au observations for validation. We summarize our findings and present implications for nowcasting SEP acceleration and heliospheric connectivity.
Clinicopathological Characteristics of Plurihormonal Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Shi Ruoyu , Wan Xueyan , Yan Zisheng , Tan Zhoubin , Liu Xiaojin , Lei Ting
Published: February 2022

Background

As the pathogenesis of plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (PPA) is unclear and the diagnostic criteria are inconsistent, clinicians still find it challenging to diagnose. To analyze the relationship between clinical and pathological characteristics in PPA.

Methods

The clinical data of patients with 70 PPAs admitted during 2008–2010 and 2019–2020 were collected and analyzed. In particular, hormone examination using cell culture supernatant was performed to confirm PPA cases from 2019 to 2020.

Results

PPA accounted for 13% of all pituitary cases recorded in the same period. There were 30 men and 40 women. Fifty-three percent of patients had one endocrine manifestation, and 1% presented with two endocrine symptoms. However, none of the patients had three endocrine manifestations. The level of one and two types of hormones was elevated in 52 (74.3%) and 5 (7.1%) patients, respectively and that of three types of hormones was increased only in one patient. Immunohistochemical staining for PRL + TSH or FSH/LH was most commonly performed (n = 17), followed by that for PRL + GH + ACTH and PRL + GH + TSH or FSH/LH (n = 14) and PRL + ACTH (n = 10). The primary culture results in vitro were consistent with the pathological findings in five (41.7%) patients. Moreover, 4 of 12 patients diagnosed with PPA during 2019–2020 tested positive for SOX2.

Conclusion

The pathogenesis of PPA remains elusive due to the lack of specific clinical symptoms and endocrine changes. Examination of hormones on tumor culture supernatant is helpful for its diagnosis.
Physiological Indicators and Production Performance of Dairy Cows With Tongue Rolling Stereotyped Behavior
Authors: Sun Fuyu , Zhao Qingyao , Chen Xiaoyang , Zhao Guangyong , Gu Xianhong
Published: February 2022

Non-nutritive oral behaviors, especially tongue rolling, are prevalent in the stabled cow population. These behaviors mean that the environment or management process might not suit the cows, suggesting low welfare. However, few researches have reported the physiological indicators or production performance of dairy cows with the stereotyped behavior. This study aimed to determine physical conditions, daily activity, rumen fermentation, and milk production of cows with tongue-rolling behavior. Three hundred and fifty nine Holstein cows in the same barn and lactation stage were subjected to scan sampling behavior observations 126 times for 7 days. Ten cows with high-frequency tongue-rolling behavior (TON) and 10 cows without abnormal oral behavior (CON) were selected for further study. Serum sample, ruminal fluid, milk sample, and behavior record video of TON and CON cows were collected. TON cows had more drinking behavior and more stable lying behavior than the CON cows during the daytime. The body condition score of the TON cows decreased, while the milk yield, yield of milk fat, protein, and lactose in the study period increased. The TON cows had lower ruminal fluid pH, acetate/propionate ratio, and total volatile acid. The bacterial diversity in the ruminal fluid was not different between the two groups. Compared to CON cows, the TON cows had a higher level of serum stress indicators, such as cortisol, thyroid hormone, and norepinephrine, which positively correlated to the frequency of tongue-rolling behavior. Meanwhile, the TON cows had a higher level of lactate dehydrogenase, serum glucose, total triglyceride, total cholesterol, and Interleukin 6. Overall, it means they suffer from higher levels of stress and have higher energy metabolism for a long time when cows show tongue-rolling behavior. TON cows had suffered a higher stress level and had higher energy metabolic status for a long time. The TON cows might have better heat tolerance to the thermal environment by more lying and drinking time. Our data revealed the changes in milk production, physiological stress indicators of dairy cows with high-frequency tongue rolling behavior, which will provide essential knowledge for the in-depth understanding of tongue rolling behavior in dairy cows.
Partitioning of Transportation Networks by Efficient Evolutionary Clustering and Density Peaks
Authors: Al Alam Pamela , Constantin Joseph , Constantin Ibtissam , Lopez Clelia
Published: February 2022

Road traffic congestion has became a major problem in most countries because it affects sustainable mobility. Partitioning a transport network into homogeneous areas can be very useful for monitoring traffic as congestion is spatially correlated in adjacent roads, and it propagates at different speeds as a function of time. Spectral clustering has been successfully applied for the partitioning of transportation networks based on the spatial characteristics of congestion at a specific time. However, this type of classification is not suitable for data that change over time. Evolutionary spectral clustering represents a state-of-the-art algorithm for grouping objects evolving over time. However, the disadvantages of this algorithm are the cubic time complexity and the high memory demand, which make it insufficient to handle a large number of data sets. In this paper, we propose an efficient evolutionary spectral clustering algorithm that solves the drawbacks of evolutionary spectral clustering by reducing the size of the eigenvalue problem. This algorithm is applied in a dynamic environment to partition a transportation network into connected homogeneous regions that evolve with time. The number of clusters is selected automatically by using a density peak algorithm adopted for the classification of traffic congestion based on the sparse snake similarity matrix. Experiments on the real network of Amsterdam city demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in robustness and effectiveness.
Deterministic Approximate EM Algorithm; Application to the Riemann Approximation EM and the Tempered EM
Authors: Lartigue Thomas , Durrleman Stanley , Allassonnière Stéphanie
Published: February 2022

The Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm is widely used to optimise non-convex likelihood functions with latent variables. Many authors modified its simple design to fit more specific situations. For instance, the Expectation (E) step has been replaced by Monte Carlo (MC), Markov Chain Monte Carlo or tempered approximations, etc. Most of the well-studied approximations belong to the stochastic class. By comparison, the literature is lacking when it comes to deterministic approximations. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical framework, with state-of-the-art convergence guarantees, for any deterministic approximation of the E step. We analyse theoretically and empirically several approximations that fit into this framework. First, for intractable E-steps, we introduce a deterministic version of MC-EM using Riemann sums. A straightforward method, not requiring any hyper-parameter fine-tuning, useful when the low dimensionality does not warrant a MC-EM. Then, we consider the tempered approximation, borrowed from the Simulated Annealing literature and used to escape local extrema. We prove that the tempered EM verifies the convergence guarantees for a wider range of temperature profiles than previously considered. We showcase empirically how new non-trivial profiles can more successfully escape adversarial initialisations. Finally, we combine the Riemann and tempered approximations into a method that accomplishes both their purposes.
Combination of Autoclave Treatment and NDIR Process Analytics for Quantification of Aluminum Carbide in Powdery Samples
Authors: Niedermayer Stefan , Ellersdorfer Markus
Published: February 2022

Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3) is a main source of corrosion problems in metal matrix composites as well as refractory products. Hydrolysis to methane happening at room temperature leads to various structural problems. As methods to quantify Al4C3 are scarce, this paper proposes a method to measure Al4C3 containing analyte powders in mg areas by combining a robust autoclave system with non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) process analytics. The method uses only water as reagent, making it easy and safe to handle. The used materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with fourier-transformation infrared detection (TGA-IR), LECO-C analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) before and after autoclave treatment. 90–90.8% recovery of 100 mg Al4C3 with small standard deviations (<1% at n = 3) in 240, 205, and 165 min at 60, 70, and 80 °C, respectively, were achieved. XRD analysis showed the total conversion of Al4C3 to Bayerite (Al(OH)3) and Boehmite (AlO(OH)) at 70 °C. Comparison with shrinking core models showed that the reaction is neither purely reaction nor purely ash diffusion controlled. The findings indicate possibilities for further acceleration of reaction speeds by increasing temperature. The 200 mL reactor volume of the autoclave enables the analysis of bigger sample sizes at temperatures above 100 °C by separating reaction and analysis procedure. This provides an extension to gas chromatographic methods for industrial quality control of bulk materials in rougher environments.
Analysis of Antioxidant Phytochemicals and Anti-Inflammatory Effect from Vitex rotundifolia L.f
Authors: Le DucDat , Han Sanghee , Ahn Jeongjun , Yu Jayeon , Kim Chang-Kwon , Lee Mina
Published: February 2022

An extraction method using 80% EtOH was selected and applied to obtain the total extracts from leaves, flowers, fruits, twigs, and roots of Vitex rotundifolia L.f. based on the antioxidant activity-guided experiments. Subsequently, total extract from each part of V. rotundifolia was successfully partitioned into fractions, which were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via DPPH, ABTS, and NO assays, respectively. Among them, EtOAc (E) and n-butanol (B) fractions showed the potent antioxidant activity and the methylene chloride (MC) fractions of roots, leaves, and fruits that exhibited strong scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals. In the anti-inflammatory assay, n-hexane (H) and MC fractions of leaves potently inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, followed by E fractions derived from fruits, flowers, twigs, and roots, along with B fractions from flowers and twigs. Additionally, a comprehensive HPLC-decoupled MS profiling was established and validated using seven isolated marker compounds (1–7), which were identified by analysis of their UV, NMR, and MS data. The established method was also applied for quantification of these marker compounds in each organ collected from different locations, and to assess their antioxidant capacity by a screening DPPH-HPLC method. Principal component analysis suggested the botanical organs from this plant correlated with the marker compound contents in association with bioactivity. The study results are a prelude to further studies involving the active fractions and provide a comprehensive insight into the functional products of this plant against oxidative diseases.
‘Let Me Know If There’s Anything I Can Do for You’, the Development of a Mobile Application for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with Cancer and Their Loved Ones to Reconnect after Diagnosis
Authors: Sleeman Sophia H. E. , Reuvers Milou J. P. , Manten-Horst Eveliene , Verhees Bram , Patterson Pandora , Janssen Silvie H. M. , Husson Olga
Published: February 2022

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients report a need for support to stay in contact with loved ones after diagnosis. In response to this the Dutch AYA ‘Young & Cancer’ Care Network co-created the mobile application ‘AYA Match’. This study describes the cocreational process, the characteristics of the users and their expectations regarding the app. 121 AYA cancer patients and 37 loved ones completed a questionnaire. 68.6% of the loved ones reported ‘staying in contact’ and ‘finding out about the needs and wishes of ‘their AYA’ during this time’ as the main reasons for downloading the application. 41.1% of the AYA cancer patients expected the app to help them communicate to their loved ones what they do or don’t want and need. 60% of the loved ones indicated that they would like to use the application to offer help to ‘their AYA’ with their daily tasks. Patients and their loved ones have similar expectations when it comes to ‘normalizing’ contact, increasing empathy and mutual understanding about needs and emotions. The AYA Match app could be an adequate answer to the issues experienced regarding contact, support and mutual understanding.
Sting Is Commonly and Differentially Expressed in T- and Nk-Cell but Not B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Authors: Xagoraris Ioanna , Farrajota Neves da Silva Pedro , Kokaraki Georgia , Stathopoulou Konstantina , Wahlin Björn , Österborg Anders , Herold Nikolas , Ng Siok-Bian , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Drakos Elias , Sander Birgitta , Rassidakis George Z.
Published: February 2022

The expression patterns of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) were investigated in a cohort of 158 T- and natural killer (NK)-cell and 265 B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), as well as in control reactive lymph nodes and tonsils. STING expression was assessed by immunohistochemical methods using diagnostic biopsy specimens obtained prior to treatment. Using an arbitrary 10% cutoff, STING was differentially expressed among T/NK-cell NHLs; positive in 36 out of 38 (95%) cases of ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), 23 out of 37 (62%) ALK-ALCLs, 1 out of 13 (7.7%) angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, 15 out of 19 (79%) peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified, 20 out of 36 (56%) extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas of nasal type, 6 out of 7 (86%) T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas, and 3 out of 4 (75%) mycosis fungoides. STING expression did not correlate with clinicopathological parameters or outcome in these patients with T/NK-cell lymphoma. By contrast, all 265 B-cell NHLs of various types were STING-negative. In addition, STING mRNA levels were very high in 6 out of 7 T-cell NHL cell lines, namely, ALK+ and ALK-ALCL cell lines, and very low or undetectable in 7 B-cell NHL cell lines, suggesting transcriptional downregulation of STING in neoplastic B-cells. At the protein level, using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry performed on cell blocks, STING expression was found to be restricted to T-cell NHL cell lines. Taken together, STING expression represents a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in T- and NK-cell lymphomas with direct immunotherapeutic implications since modulators of cGAS–STING activity are already available for clinical use.
The Impact of a Precision-Based Exercise Intervention in Childhood Hematological Malignancies Evaluated by an Adapted Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test
Authors: Zardo William , Villa Emanuele , Corti Eleonora , Moriggi Tommaso , Radaelli Giorgia , Ferri Alessandra , Marzorati Mauro , Eirale Cristiano , Vago Paola , Biondi Andrea , Jankovic Momcilo , Balduzzi Adriana , Lanfranconi Francesca
Published: February 2022

During cancer treatments in childhood hematological malignancies, reduced exercise tolerance is one of the main hardships. Precision-based training programs help children, adolescents, and young adults and their families to resume regular physical activity, exercise, and sports once they return to their communities after the intensive phases spent in hospital. This study was aimed at verifying whether an intermittent recovery test, the Yo-Yo AD, could provide a simple and valid way to evaluate an individual’s capacity to perform repeated intense exercise and to follow up on the impact of tailored exercise in children, adolescents, and young adults with hematological malignancies. The Yo-Yo AD involved the repetition of several shuttles to muscle exhaustion, at pre-established speeds (walking and slow running). The heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were monitored during the test. The total distance and the walking/running ability, measured as the slope of the HR vs. distance correlation, were investigated before (T0) and after 11 weeks (T1) of precision exercise intervention. The Yo-Yo AD was also performed by healthy children (CTRL). Ninety-seven patients (10.58 ± 4.5 years, 46% female) were enrolled. The Yo-Yo AD showed the positive impact of the exercise intervention by increasing the distance covered by the individuals (T0 = 946.6 ± 438.2 vs. T1 = 1352.3 ± 600.6 m, p < 0.001) with a more efficient walking/running ability (T0 = 2.17 ± 0.84 vs. T1 = 1.73 ± 0.89 slope, p < 0.0164). CTRLs performed better (1754.0 ± 444.0 m, p = 0.010). They were equally skillful (1.71 ± 0.27 slope) when compared to the patients after they received the precision-based intervention. No adverse events occurred during the Yo-Yo AD and it proved to be an accurate way of correctly depicting the changes in performance in childhood hematological malignancies.
Genomic Instability Is Defined by Specific Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer: A Subgroup Analysis of AGO OVAR 12 Trial
Authors: Fumet Jean-David , Lardenois Emilie , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Harter Philipp , Joly Florence , Canzler Ulrich , Truntzer Caroline , Tredan Olivier , Liebrich Clemens , Lortholary Alain , Pissaloux Daniel , Leary Alexandra , Pfisterer Jacobus , Eeckhoutte Alexandre , Hilpert Felix , Fabbro Michel , Caux Christophe , Alexandre Jérôme , Houlier Aurélie , Sehouli Jalid , Sohier Emilie , Kimmig Rainer , Dubois Bertrand , Spaeth Dominique , Treilleux Isabelle , Frenel Jean-Sébastien , Herwig Uwe , Le Saux Olivia , Bendriss-Vermare Nathalie , du Bois Andreas
Published: February 2022

Background: Following disappointing results with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in ovarian cancer, it is essential to explore other immune targets. The aim of this study is to describe the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) according to genomic instability in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients receiving primary debulking surgery followed by carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy +/− nintedanib. Methods: 103 HGSOC patients’ tumor samples from phase III AGO-OVAR-12 were analyzed. A comprehensive analysis of the TME was performed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray. Comparative genomic hybridization was carried out to evaluate genomic instability signatures through homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score, genomic index, and somatic copy number alterations. The relationship between genomic instability and TME was explored. Results: Patients with high intratumoral CD3+ T lymphocytes had longer progression-free survival (32 vs. 19.6 months, p = 0.009) and overall survival (OS) (median not reached). High HLA-E expression on tumor cells was associated with a longer OS (median OS not reached vs. 52.9 months, p = 0.002). HRD profile was associated with high HLA-E expression on tumor cells and an improved OS. In the multivariate analysis, residual tumor, intratumoral CD3, and HLA-E on tumor cells were more predictive than other parameters. Conclusions: Our results suggest HLA-E/CD94-NKG2A/2C is a potential immune target particularly in the HRD positive ovarian carcinoma subgroup.
Non-Cancer Effects following Ionizing Irradiation Involving the Eye and Orbit
Authors: Thariat Juliette , Martel Arnaud , Matet Alexandre , Loria Olivier , Kodjikian Laurent , Nguyen Anh-Minh , Rosier Laurence , Herault Joël , Nahon-Estève Sacha , Mathis Thibaud
Published: February 2022

The eye is an exemplarily challenging organ to treat when considering ocular tumors. It is at the crossroads of several major aims in oncology: tumor control, organ preservation, and functional outcomes including vision and quality of life. The proximity between the tumor and organs that are susceptible to radiation damage explain these challenges. Given a high enough dose of radiation, virtually any cancer will be destroyed with radiotherapy. Yet, the doses inevitably absorbed by normal tissues may lead to complications, the likelihood of which increases with the radiation dose and volume of normal tissues irradiated. Precision radiotherapy allows personalized decision-making algorithms based on patient and tumor characteristics by exploiting the full knowledge of the physics, radiobiology, and the modifications made to the radiotherapy equipment to adapt to the various ocular tumors. Anticipation of the spectrum and severity of radiation-induced complications is crucial to the decision of which technique to use for a given tumor. Radiation can damage the lacrimal gland, eyelashes/eyelids, cornea, lens, macula/retina, optic nerves and chiasma, each having specific dose–response characteristics. The present review is a report of non-cancer effects that may occur following ionizing irradiation involving the eye and orbit and their specific patterns of toxicity for a given radiotherapy modality.
Biglycan Interacts with Type I Insulin-like Receptor (IGF-IR) Signaling Pathway to Regulate Osteosarcoma Cell Growth and Response to Chemotherapy
Authors: Giatagana Eirini-Maria , Berdiaki Aikaterini , Gaardløs Margrethe , Samsonov Sergey A. , Tzanakakis George N. , Nikitovic Dragana
Published: February 2022

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a mesenchymally derived, aggressive bone cancer. OS cells produce an aberrant nonmineralized or partly mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) whose components participate in signaling pathways connected to specific pathogenic phenotypes of this bone cancer. The expression of biglycan (BGN), a secreted small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP), is correlated to aggressive OS phenotype and resistance to chemotherapy. A constitutive signaling of IGF-IR signaling input in sarcoma progression has been established. Here, we show that biglycan activates the IGF-IR signaling pathway to promote MG63 biglycan-secreting OS cell growth by forming a complex with the receptor. Computational models of IGF-IR and biglycan docking suggest that biglycan binds IGF-IR dimer via its concave surface. Our binding free energy calculations indicate the formation of a stable complex. Biglycan binding results in prolonged IGF-IR activation leading to protracted IGF-IR-dependent cell growth response of the poorly-differentiated MG63 cells. Moreover, biglycan facilitates the internalization (p ≤ 0.01, p ≤ 0.001) and sumoylation-enhanced nuclear translocation of IGF-IR (p ≤ 0.05) and its DNA binding in MG63 cells (p ≤ 0.001). The tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor mediates this mechanism. Furthermore, biglycan downregulates the expression of the tumor-suppressor gene, PTEN (p ≤ 0.01), and increases the expression of endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and aggressiveness markers vimentin (p ≤ 0.01) and fibronectin (p ≤ 0.01) in MG63 cells. Interestingly, this mechanism is not valid in moderately and well-differentiated, biglycan non-expressing U-2OS and Saos-2 OS cells. Furthermore, biglycan exhibits protective effects against the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, in MG63 OS cells (p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, these data indicate a potential direct and adjunct therapeutical role of biglycan in osteosarcoma.
Treatment Algorithm for Cancerous Wounds: A Systematic Review
Authors: Furka Andrea , Simkó Csaba , Kostyál László , Szabó Imre , Valikovics Anikó , Fekete Gábor , Tornyi Ilona , Oross Endre , Révész János
Published: February 2022

Background: In advanced cancer stage the incidence of cancerous wounds is about 5%, and the estimated life expectancy is not more than 6 to 12 months. Without interdisciplinary and individualized treatment strategy, symptoms progress, and adversely influence quality of life. Methods: Authors collected different treatment algorithms for cancerous wound published by wide scale of medical expertise, and summarized surgical, oncological, radiation oncological, nursing and palliative care aspects based on radiological information. Results: Interdisciplinary approach with continuous consultation between various specialists can solve or ease the hopeless cases. Conclusions: This distressing condition needs a comprehensive treatment solution to alleviate severe symptoms. Non-healing fungating wounds without effective therapy are severe socio-economic burden for all participants, including patients, caregivers, and health services. In this paper authors collected recommendations for further guideline that is essential in the near future.
Properties of Different Waterproof Bonding Layer Systems for Cement Concrete Bridge Deck Pavement
Authors: Fu Jiancun , Shen Aiqin , Yuan Zhaodi
Published: February 2022

The performance of waterproof bonding layer systems significantly affects the service life of concrete bridge deck pavement. This article aims to compare the bonding properties and composite structure mechanical properties of different waterproof bonding layer systems in bridge deck pavement to recommend appropriate structures based on service conditions. To fulfill this objective, four kinds of waterproof bonding material composite systems were designed, and test samples were fabricated. Then, the waterproof bonding layer properties were studied by penetration resistance tests, scalding resistance tests, and corrosion resistance tests. Pull-off tests were conducted to compare the bonding properties. Then, dynamic modulus tests, Hamburg wheel tracking tests, and static load creep tests of composite structure specimens were implemented to evaluate the dynamic and static mechanical performances and water-temperature stability. The findings showed that the four schemes had good impermeability. The pull-off strengths of scheme III at 25 °C were about 2.5-, 2.5-, and 4-times those of schemes I, II, and IV, respectively, and the pull-off strengths at 50 °C were about 1.6-, 2-, and 1.6-times those of schemes I, II, and IV, respectively, and the bonding performances and dynamic modulus of different schemes were ranked as follows: III > I > II > IV. The results of the Hamburg wheel tracking test were consistent with the static load creep test. The high-temperature stability of scheme IV was the best, while the stabilities of scheme III and I were better than that of scheme II. In conclusion, the scheme of concrete bridge deck pavement can be selected based on the environmental conditions and traffic load, and schemes III and I should be considered first. The findings of this research could provide technical support for the future design of bridge deck waterproof bonding systems.
Population Genetic Differentiation on the Hydrothermal Vent Crabs Xenograpsus testudinatus along Depth and Geographical Gradients in the Western Pacific
Authors: Yang Chien-Hui , Wang Teng-Wei , Ng Peter Kee Lin , Chan Tin-Yam , Lin Yi-Yang , Chan Benny Kwok Kan
Published: February 2022

Connectivity in deep-sea organisms must be considered across both depth gradient and horizontal geographical scales. The depth-differentiation hypothesis suggests that strong environmental gradients (e.g., light, temperature, pressure) and habitat heterogeneity in the deep-sea can create selection pressure, and this can result in genetic population divergence. The hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus (Xenograpsidae) is common in vents at Kueishan Island, Taiwan, ranging from 10 to about 300 m depths. Xenograpsus testudinatus has also been found in shallow water vents (3–20 m) at Kagoshima and the Izu archipelago of Japan. We examine the sequence divergences in the mitochondrial COI, 16S rRNA and D-loop genes, to test the hypothesis that there is significant genetic differentiation among populations of X. testudinatus along the depth gradient at Kueishan Island (30, 200, 209–224 and 250–275 m), and among different geographical regions (Kueishan, Kagoshima and the Izu archipelago) in the West Pacific. There is neither significant population differentiation among shallow or deep-sea vents, nor between geographical locations. Vertical migration of zoea, upwelling on the eastern coast of Taiwan and the strong effect of the Kuroshio Currents has probably resulted in a high level of planktonic larval dispersal of X. testudinatus along the depth and geographical gradients in the Western Pacific.