bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rail Base Point Inspection Using the Mirror through Transmission Testing Technique on Multiple Reflections
Authors: Volkova L. V. , Platunov A. V.
Published: March 2020

Рассмотрена возможность контроля пера подошвы железнодорожного рельса Р65 для обнаружения дефектов типа 69.2. Целью данного исследования является обоснование возможности использования многократного зеркально-теневого метода для контроля пера подошвы рельса и выбора его параметров. Для этого был рассчитан акустический тракт распространения поперечных волн в рельсе с дефектами подошвы и без дефектов при различных углах ввода. Рассчитанный акустический тракт показал, что оптимальным углом ввода при установке преобразователя на шейку рельса является угол 58º, так как при данном угле ввода поперечная волна распространяется до самого края пера подошвы рельса, при этом наблюдается минимальное количество неинформативных переотражений от геометрического профиля рельса. В акустическом тракте прохождения ультразвуковой волны при наличии дефекта с диаметром 3,5 мм и глубиной 7 мм наблюдается наибольшее количество переотражений ультразвуковой волны. При увеличении размеров дефекта характер переотражений меняется – волна больше расходится, время прихода отраженного сигнала увеличивается по сравнению с лучом в бездефектном участке рельса.Для подтверждения возможности выявления дефектов в подошве рельса типа Р65 было проведено экспериментальное исследование многократным зеркально-теневым методом с использованием поперечных волн. В качестве измерительных средств использовался ультразвуковой дефектоскоп УД2-70 «Луч», для возбуждения и приема ультразвуковых волн использовался пьезоэлектрический преобразователь с переменным углом ввода. Результатами эксперимента подтверждено, что оптимальным углом ввода для обнаружения дефектов в подошве рельса является угол 58º. При выбранных параметрах наблюдается минимум неинформативных переотражений, и амплитуда многократно отраженного сигнала на бездефектном участке выше. Наличие дефекта приводит к снижению амплитуды сигнала более чем в 2 раза.
Investigation of the Detection Method for Longitudinal Cracks in the Head of Rail Tracks
Authors: Markov A. A. , Ivanov G. A.
Published: March 2020

Приводятся результаты исследований способа обнаружения продольных трещин ультразвуковыми волнами в головке рельса. В современных рельсах до 80 % дефектов головки рельсов – продольные трещины. Совместный анализ эхосигналов от нижней выкружки и эхосигналов от поверхностей трещины, а также огибающей углового сигнала позволяет сформировать образ дефекта и оценить качество акустического контакта.Для практической реализации предложенного способа целесообразно сформировать три временные зоны селекции информативных сигналов, положение которых зависит от текущей высоты головки рельса. Вследствие короткого времени пробега ультразвуковых волн (до 100 мкс) удается реализовать частоту посылок зондирующих импульсов в 2…2,5 раза больше, чем реализовано в настоящее время (вместо 4…10 кГц), что снимает ограничения по скорости сканирования.Предлагаемое техническое решение позволяет обнаруживать участки рельсов с продольными внутренними трещинами; оценивать их размеры как по ширине, так и вдоль головки рельса; определять глубину залегания продольных трещин горизонтальной ориентации; оценивать качество акустического контакта под преобразователями; повысить частоту посылок зондирующих импульсов, способствуя увеличению скорости контроля.С целью дальнейшей автоматизации контроля рельсов рассмотрена возможность классификации обнаруженного дефекта в соответствии с действующей нормативно-технической документацией. Для реализации предложенного способа с учетом возможного износа головки рельса следует отслеживать зоны временной селекции относительно временного положения углового эхосигнала.Выполненные исследования позволяют приступить к испытаниям способа в полевых условиях на рабочих скоростях съемных дефектоскопических тележек (до 6 км/ч) и диагностических комплексов (до 100 км/ч).
Cognitive Radio System Operational Control Algorithm
Authors: Blagodatsky G. A. , Kopysov A. A. , Khvorenkov V. V. , Baturin I. S.
Published: March 2020

Представлен алгоритм оптимального управления системой когнитивного радио в аналоговых и цифровых режимах работы. Алгоритм основан на применении критериев принятия решений в условиях изменяющейся обстановки. Основой алгоритма является максимизация коэффициента эффективности системы в рассматриваемых режимах. Таким образом, система когнитивного радио может выбрать оптимальный режим работы как в конкретной внешней ситуации, так и предпочтительный режим работы при учете всех внешних воздействий.Для эффективной передачи информации при значительно разряженной батарее радиосистеме требуется перейти в режим E3 (мощность 1, 3, 10 Вт; скорость 2400, 9600 бит/с; тип СКК (вид модуляции) 4FSK, QPSK, QPSK; частота 30…300 ОВЧ (VHF) МГц; полоса 6,25/12,5; 6,25/12,5; 25/50/100/150 кГц). Для повышения эффективности передачи информации в этом режиме также целесообразно продолжить управление сигнально-кодовыми конструкциями. При продолжении работы во временных ограничениях требуется перейти в режим работы E4 (мощность 1, 3, 10 Вт; скорость 2400, 9600 бит/с; Тип СКК (вид модуляции) 4FSK, QPSK, QPSK; частота 300…3000 УВЧ (UHF) МГц; полоса 6,25/12,5; 6,25/12,5; 25/50/100/150 12,5 кГц) и направить ресурсы радиосистемы на управление мощностью передачи, тем самым повышая эффективность за счет усиления энергетики радиолинии. Для передачи цифровой речи при разряженной батарее требуется перейти в режим E1 (мощность 1, 10, 100 Вт; скорость 2400, 1200, 800 бит/с; Тип СКК (вид модуляции) OFDM (SSB), QPSK; частота 3…30 ВЧ (HF) МГц; полоса 3,1 кГц), и для повышения эффективности уже требуется управление сигнально-кодовыми конструкциями. При наступлении временных ограничений радиосистеме требуется перейти в режим работы E2 (мощность 1, 3, 10 Вт; скорость 2400, 1200, 800 бит/с; тип СКК (вид модуляции) 4FSK, QPSK, QPSK; частота 30…300 ОВЧ (VHF) МГц; полоса 6,25/12,5; 6,25/12,5; 25/50/100/150 кГц), и для повышения достоверности приема-передачи требуется ресурсы потратить на управление мощностью передачи.Рассматривая эффективность работы радиосистемы в аналоговых и цифровых режимах, можно сделать вывод, что при наступлении временных ограничений эффективно управление мощностью передатчика (увеличение энергетики радиолинии). Однако при работе в цифровых режимах снижение эффективности происходит значительно медленнее, чем при использовании аналоговых режимов. Анализ работы радиосистемы при энергетических ограничениях также показывает более медленное снижение эффективности цифровых режимов; кроме того, в цифровых режимах значительно снижается скорость расхода ресурсов, в то время как в аналоговых режимах она резко возрастает.
Narrowing the empathy gap between doctors and patients using emotion forecasting
Authors: Qian Guoying , Zheng Wen , Liu Shuchang , Jiang Suo , Du Yuan , Yang Sijie
Published: March 2020

We investigated the differences between medical students' affective forecasting for self and their forecasting of patients' affective responses. To do this, we developed an affective forecasting situation questionnaire and tested its validity with a sample of 272 Chinese medical students
and 66 patients. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between medical students' affective forecasting for self and their forecasting of patients' emotions. Medical students who were calmer (vs. less calm) during affective forecasting for themselves were more accurate in
forecasting the patient's emotions. We suggest that emotional intelligence training should be highlighted in Chinese medical education to improve students' ability to forecast their own and others' emotions.
Impact of media use on consumer product knowledge
Authors: Cai Guoliang
Published: March 2020

I explored the relationship between media use and consumers' product knowledge. Using survey data obtained from 1,954 consumers of mother and baby products, I found that (a) use of traditional media, generalized network media, and professional network media had a positive impact on
consumer product knowledge, and (b) these relationships were moderated by the mothers' stage of learning about maternal and baby products, and perceived risk of the product. Specifically, when a consumer was at a later stage of learning, use of professional network media had a greater impact
on product knowledge than did use of the other 2 types of media. Furthermore, when the perceived risk of a product was high, use of traditional media and general network media had a greater impact on product knowledge than did use of professional network media. The findings have practical
implications for marketing staff of companies in their selection of media types to post information, and their consideration of consumers' learning stage and perceived risk of products when implementing marketing plans.
Professional power, job security, and decision making in project funding: The assessors' perspective
Authors: Zhang Chuqing , Li Yanbin , Liu Dunnan , Hu Xiaoting
Published: March 2020

We examined the influence of assessors' professional power and social connections on their decision making regarding evaluation for funding of new business projects, as well as the moderating effect of the assessors' own job security. Using 1,517 observations from 2017 Beijing Innofund
data, we found that the assessors' professional power and social connections were both positively related to their evaluation scores. The job security of the assessors significantly positively moderated the effect of their social connections, but the moderating effect of job security on their
professional power was nonsignificant. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Revisiting the dimensionality of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale in Mainland China
Authors: Fung Sai-fu
Published: March 2020

I evaluated the dimensionality and psychometric properties of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS) with 903 Chinese university student participants. I used internal consistency, convergent validity, divergent validity, factorial validity, and construct validity analysis to examine
the psychometric properties of the 4-item shortened version of the BSSS and the 1- and 4-factor structure versions of the 8-item BSSS (BSSS-8). The results showed that only the single-factor BSSS-8 possessed acceptable psychometric properties and demonstrated good convergent and divergent
validity. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the BSSS-8 with the 1-factor (vs. 4-factor) structure was more suitable when applied to university student participants in Mainland China. Future researchers could use the 1-factor BSSS-8 in the Chinese
population to explore the positive impacts of sensation seeking on variables including entrepreneurship, financial investment, elite sportsmanship, and the creative industry.
PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PIDANA PERSETUBUHAN YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK TERHADAP ANAK (Suatu Penelitian di Pengadilan Negeri Takengon)
Authors: Zulfikri Zulfikri , Ali Dahlan , Hasyim Syarifuddin
Published: March 2020

Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis penyelesaian tindak pidana persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak terhadap anak dan perlindungan hukum terhadap anak sebagai pelaku dan korban tindak pidana persetubuhan. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian terhadap penyelesaian tindak pidana persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak terhadap anak dalam wilayah hukum Pengadilan Negeri Takengon dilakukan penyelesaian melalui proses pengadilan karena tindak pidana tersebut tidak dapat dilakukan penyelesaian melalui diversi, sebab ancaman pidana terhadap tindak pidana persetubuhan terhadap anak di atas 7 (tujuh) tahun. Pedampingan kepada anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana maka pihak BAPAS berperan aktif dalam melakukan penelitian terhadap riwayat kehidupan anak yang melakukan tindak pidana persetubuhan, sehingga menjadi satu pertimbangan penyidik dalam proses penyidikan dan menjadi satu pertimbangan hakim dalam memutuskan hukuman terhadap anak dengan mengedepankan perlindungan hukum bagi anak. Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the settlement of the act of intercourse committed by children against children and the legal protection of children as perpetrators and victims of the act of intercourse. The research method was carried out with normative and empirical juridical methods. The results of research on the settlement of the sexual offense committed by a child against a child within the jurisdiction of the Takengon District Court is carried out through the court process because the criminal act cannot be resolved through diversion, because the criminal threat against the sexual offense against a child over 7 (seven) year. Assistance to children as perpetrators of crime, the BAPAS plays an active role in conducting research on the life history of children who commit criminal acts of intercourse, so that it becomes a consideration of investigators in the investigation process and becomes a consideration of judges in deciding sentences against children by prioritizing legal protection for children.
Market simulation of traceable food in China based on conjoint-value analysis: a traceable case of pork
Authors: Hou Bo , Wu Linhai , Chen Xiujuan
Published: March 2020

The food-traceability system is considered to be one of the main measures to fundamentally prevent food-safety problems. It is of great value to study consumer demand for traceable food and market simulations that can adjust the production and supply structure of traceable food and promote traceable market development. Having sampled and interviewed 2,121 consumers in China, consumer preferences for traceable pork with different levels of safety information, and the respective market share of traceable pork with different product profiles were investigated using conjoint value analysis and the randomized first choice method. Results showed that Chinese consumers prioritized the certification of a traceable-pork safety-information attribute. Furthermore, consumers were willing to pay extra costs in order to obtain traceable safety information. However, this additional expenditure should account for no more than 30% of the price of ordinary pork, or consumer demand for safe pork decreases. Results of a market simulation also identified a type of traceable pork that had an optimal combination of attributes and met the needs of Chinese consumers. Consequently, the government should gradually promote a multilevel traceable-food market system in China by developing a combination of a certification mechanism and traceability system, and increasing financial subsidies for the construction of the traceability system.
TINJAUAN ELEMEN VISUAL PADA BUKU ILUSTRASI #88 LOVE LIVE
Authors: Aswan Rifki
Published: March 2020

Buku adalah sebuah media fisik yang ditujukan sebagai sumber informasi, peran buku sering kali tergeserkan karena adanya perkembangan media informasi dalam bentuk digital. Sehingga penulis buku harus selalu mencari cara agar buku selalu di minati audience, dengan cara menambahkan strategi visual dalam konsep pembuatan buku. Buku juga sering kali di jadikan sebagai media pengembangan diri, karena renspon seseorang dalam membaca mempengaruhi perilaku. Berhubungan dengan masalah strategi visual pada buku dan juga perannya sebagai media pengembangan diri. Hadir buku #88 LOVE LIFE Vol 2. yang mengusung konsep buku pengembangan diri dengan menggunakan strategi visual berupa ilustrasi. Buku ini telah memperoleh penghargaan dan menjadi buku non-fiksi bestseller 2016, hal ini yang mendasari penulis untuk melakukan penelitian strategi visual apa saja yang digunakan buku #88 LOVE LIFE Vol. 2 sehingga buku tersebut sukses di pasaran. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi penulis untuk membuat perancangan buku visual ilustrasi dengan menggunakan prinsip-prinsip dan teori yang telah di gunakan oleh buku visual ilustrasi #88 LOVE LIFE Vol. 2.
Coronaviruses - new emerging pathogens
Authors: Kuljic-Kapulica Nada
Published: March 2020

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Rapid Corneal Nerve Fiber Loss: A Marker of Diabetic Neuropathy Onset and Progression
Authors: Lewis Evan J.H. , Lovblom Leif E. , Ferdousi Maryam , Halpern Elise M. , Jeziorska Maria , Pacaud Daniele , Pritchard Nicola , Dehghani Cirous , Edwards Katie , Srinivasan Sangeetha , Mintz Shtein Roni , Efron Nathan , Tavakoli Mitra , Bril Vera , Malik Rayaz Ahmed , Perkins Bruce A.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) represents a biomarker for diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). We aimed to determine the reference distribution of annual CNFL change, the prevalence of abnormal change in diabetes, and its associated clinical variables.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We examined 590 participants with diabetes (399 with type 1 diabetes [T1D] and 191 with type 2 diabetes [T2D]) and 204 control patients without diabetes with at least 1 year of follow-up and classified them according to rapid corneal nerve fiber loss (RCNFL) if CNFL change was below the 5th percentile of the control patients without diabetes.

RESULTS

Control patients without diabetes were 37.9 ± 19.8 years old, had median follow-up of three visits over 3.0 years, and mean annual change in CNFL was −0.1% (90% CI −5.9% to 5.0%). RCNFL was defined by values exceeding the 5th percentile of 6% loss. Participants with T1D were 39.9 ± 18.7 years old, had median follow-up of three visits over 4.4 years, and mean annual change in CNFL was −0.8% (90% CI −14.0% to 9.9%). Participants with T2D were 60.4 ± 8.2 years old, had median follow-up of three visits over 5.3 years, and mean annual change in CNFL was −0.2% (90% CI −14.1% to 14.3%). RCNFL prevalence was 17% overall and was similar by diabetes type (64 T1D [16.0%], 37 T2D [19.4%], P = 0.31). RNCFL was more common in those with baseline DSP (47% vs. 30% in those without baseline DSP, P = 0.001), which was associated with lower peroneal conduction velocity but not with baseline HbA1c or its change over follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

An abnormally rapid loss of CNFL of 6% per year or more occurs in 17% of diabetes patients. RCNFL may identify patients at highest risk for the development and progression of DSP.
Possible Modifiers of the Association Between Change in Weight Status From Child Through Adult Ages and Later Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bjerregaard Lise G. , Wasenius Niko , Nedelec Rozenn , Gjærde Line K. , Ängquist Lars , Herzig Karl-Heinz , Jensen Gorm B. , Mortensen Erik L. , Osler Merete , Overvad Kim , Skaaby Tea , Tjønneland Anne , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Eriksson Johan G. , Sebert Sylvain , Baker Jennifer L.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the association between changes in weight status from childhood through adulthood and subsequent type 2 diabetes risks and whether educational attainment, smoking, and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) modify this association.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using data from 10 Danish and Finnish cohorts including 25,283 individuals, childhood BMI at 7 and 12 years was categorized as normal or high using age- and sex-specific cutoffs (<85th or ≥85th percentile). Adult BMI (20–71 years) was categorized as nonobese or obese (<30.0 or ≥30.0 kg/m2, respectively). Associations between BMI patterns and type 2 diabetes (989 women and 1,370 men) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regressions and meta-analysis techniques.

RESULTS

Compared with individuals with a normal BMI at 7 years and without adult obesity, those with a high BMI at 7 years and adult obesity had higher type 2 diabetes risks (hazard ratio [HR]girls 5.04 [95% CI 3.92–6.48]; HRboys 3.78 [95% CI 2.68–5.33]). Individuals with a high BMI at 7 years but without adult obesity did not have a higher risk (HRgirls 0.74 [95% CI 0.52–1.06]; HRboys 0.93 [95% CI 0.65–1.33]). Education, smoking, and LTPA were associated with diabetes risks but did not modify or confound the associations with BMI changes. Results for 12 years of age were similar.

CONCLUSIONS

A high BMI in childhood was associated with higher type 2 diabetes risks only if individuals also had obesity in adulthood. These associations were not influenced by educational and lifestyle factors, indicating that BMI is similarly related to the risk across all levels of these factors.
Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg in Individuals With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin: The SCALE Insulin Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Garvey W. Timothy , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Dicker Dror , Mingrone Geltrude , Pedersen Sue D. , Satylganova Altynai , Skovgaard Dorthe , Sugimoto Danny , Jensen Camilla , Mosenzon Ofri
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Most individuals with type 2 diabetes also have obesity, and treatment with some diabetes medications, including insulin, can cause further weight gain. No approved chronic weight management medications have been prospectively investigated in individuals with overweight or obesity and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg versus placebo on weight loss in this population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Satiety and Clinical Adiposity—Liraglutide Evidence (SCALE) Insulin was a 56-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, multicenter trial in individuals with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin and ≤2 oral antidiabetic drugs.

RESULTS

Individuals were randomized to liraglutide 3.0 mg (n = 198) or placebo (n = 198), combined with intensive behavioral therapy (IBT). At 56 weeks, mean weight change was −5.8% for liraglutide 3.0 mg versus −1.5% with placebo (estimated treatment difference −4.3% [95% CI −5.5; −3.2]; P < 0.0001). With liraglutide 3.0 mg, 51.8% of individuals achieved ≥5% weight loss versus 24.0% with placebo (odds ratio 3.41 [95% CI 2.19; 5.31]; P < 0.0001). Liraglutide 3.0 mg was associated with significantly greater reductions in mean HbA1c and mean daytime glucose values and less need for insulin versus placebo, despite a treat-to-glycemic-target protocol. More hypoglycemic events were observed with placebo than liraglutide 3.0 mg. No new safety or tolerability issues were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

In individuals with overweight or obesity and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, liraglutide 3.0 mg as an adjunct to IBT was superior to placebo regarding weight loss and improved glycemic control despite lower doses of basal insulin and without increases in hypoglycemic events.
Every Fifth Individual With Type 1 Diabetes Suffers From an Additional Autoimmune Disease: A Finnish Nationwide Study
Authors: Mäkimattila Sari , Harjutsalo Valma , Forsblom Carol , Groop Per-Henrik
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to quantify the excess risk of autoimmune hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, Addison disease, celiac disease, and atrophic gastritis in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with nondiabetic individuals in Finland.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The study included 4,758 individuals with T1D from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study and 12,710 nondiabetic control individuals. The autoimmune diseases (ADs) were identified by linking the data with the Finnish nationwide health registries from 1970 to 2015.

RESULTS

The median age of the FinnDiane individuals at the end of follow-up in 2015 was 51.4 (interquartile range 42.6–60.1) years, and the median duration of diabetes was 35.5 (26.5–44.0) years. Of individuals with T1D, 22.8% had at least one additional AD, which included 31.6% of women and 14.9% of men. The odds ratios for hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, celiac disease, Addison disease, and atrophic gastritis were 3.43 (95% CI 3.09–3.81), 2.98 (2.27–3.90), 4.64 (3.71–5.81), 24.13 (5.60–104.03), and 5.08 (3.15–8.18), respectively, in the individuals with T1D compared with the control individuals. The corresponding ORs for women compared with men were 2.96 (2.53–3.47), 2.83 (1.87–4.28), 1.52 (1.15–2.02), 2.22 (0.83–5.91), and 1.36 (0.77–2.39), respectively, in individuals with T1D. Late onset of T1D and aging increased the risk of hypothyroidism, whereas young age at onset of T1D increased the risk of celiac disease.

CONCLUSIONS

This is one of the largest studies quantifying the risk of coexisting AD in adult individuals with T1D in the country with the highest incidence of T1D in the world. The results highlight the importance of continuous screening for other ADs in individuals with T1D.
Luonnontieteellisin analyysimenetelmin tunnistettu Akseli Gallen-Kallelan väripaletti
Authors: Tikkala Hanne , Hornytzkyj Seppo
Published: March 2020

Artikkeli on kokonaisuudessaan ensimmäinen laatuaan Suomessa ja se esittelee tutkimuksen tuloksia koskien Akseli Gallen-Kallelan käyttämiä väriaineita. Tutkimusaineisto on läpileikkaus taiteilijan taiteellisesta tuotannosta vuosilta 1880–1929.  Se koostuu 265:stä maalauksesta ja 83:sta öljy- ja temperavärituubista. Tutkimuksessa käytetyt analyysimentelmät ovat ainetta tuhoamattomia luonnontieteellisiä analyysimenetelmiä: energiadispersiivinen röntgenfluoresenssi spektroskopia (EDXRF) ja polarisaatiomikroskopia (PLM).

 

Avainsanat: Akseli Gallen-Kallela, taiteilijatarvike, väriaine, pigmentti, taiteen materiaalitutkimus, EDXRF, polarisaatiomikroskopia.
Tie ulos nykyisyydestä
Authors: Grén Roni
Published: March 2020

Artikkeli käsittelee vertaillen ja kontekstualisoiden kirjailija ja taidehistorioitsija Carl Einsteinin (1885–1940) kahta tekstiä: vuoden 1915 klassikkoteosta Negerplastik ja vuonna 1930 Documents-julkaisussa ilmestynyttä artikkelia "L'enfance néolithique". Artikkeli kysyy niiden osalta miten ja mistä syistä afrikkalaisen kulttuurin, Einsteinin teksteissään esittämän taidenäkemyksen ja historiankirjoituksen suhde – toisin sanoen afrikkalaisen kulttuurin historiografinen paikka – määräytyy näissä teksteissä niiden esittämällä tavalla, ja mistä syistä näiden kahden tekstin kohdalla tämä suhde tulee esiin varsin eri tavoin? Tämä kysymys johdattaa lukijan Einsteinin kirjoittajanuran laajoihin yhteiskunnallisiin teemoihin sekä avaa afrikkalaisen kulttuurin ja nk. primitiivisen taiteen merkitystä modernismille ja sen sisäisille vastareaktioille. Matkan varrella käsitellään teemoja mm. koskien formalistisen taidehistorian metodiikkaa, taiteen poliittista voimattomuutta ja etnografisen tutkimuksen vastuita. Artikkeli osoittaa Einsteinin käyttäneen huomattavasti toisistaan poikkeavia strategioita käsitellyissä kahdessa eri konsteksteissa pyrkiessään tarkastelemaan länsimaisen taidekäsityksen suhdetta ja modernismin suuntaviivoja suhteessa afrikkalaisiin visuaalisiin kulttuureihin ja aikansa länsimaiseen fantasiaan niistä.
Taide uskontona = uskonto taiteena
Authors: Stewen Riikka
Published: March 2020

Arvio väitöskirjasta Nina Kokkinen, Totuudenetsijät. Vuosisadanvaihteen okkulttuuri ja moderni henkisyys Akseli Gallen-Kallelan, Pekka Halosen ja Hugo Simbergin taiteessa (Turun yliopiston julkaisuja, 2019).
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENGOPERASIKAN REFERENCE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE ZOTERO DAN END-NOTE UNTUK GURU SMKN 6 MALANG
Authors: Larasati Aisyah
Published: March 2020

Kewajiban untuk menulis karya ilmiah bagi guru mendorong pentingnya penguasaan reference management software agar kualitas sitasi dan daftar rujukan dalam karya ilmiah sesuai dengan format yang diinginkan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan bagi guru SMKN 6 Malang tentang reference management software Zotero dan EndNote. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan selama dua hari. Selain itu, dilakukan juga survey tentang persepsi pelatihan tentang reference management software dan operasionalnya sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan. Selain itu, survey juga berisikan tentang persepsi peserta pelatihan terhadap penyampaian materi pelatihan. Dari hasil survey, diketahui mayoritas peserta pelatihan belum memahami reference management software dan pengoperasiannya. Setelah pelatihan, mayoritas peserta pelatihan berpersepsi bahwa Zotero lebih mudah untuk digunakan dibandingkan dengan End-Note. Mayoritas peserta pelatihan berpersepsi bahwa kedua reference management software yang diajarkan, baik Zotero maupun End-Note, mudah untuk digunakan dalam menulis sitasi dan daftar pustaka. Hasil survey juga menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas peserta pelatihan menyatakan tingkat penguasaan materi baik dan cara penyampaian materi oleh penyaji menarik serta interaksi penyaji dan peserta baik.Kata kunci: Reference Management Software; Zotero; End-Note; Sitasi.AbstractThe obligation to write scientific papers for teachers encourages the importance of mastering reference management software so that the quality of citations and reference lists in scientific papers are in accordance with the desired format. This community service activity aims to provide knowledge and skills for teachers of SMKN 6 Malang about Zotero and EndNote reference management software. The workshop activities were carried out for two days. In addition, a survey of the workshop participant about reference management software and operations was also conducted before and after the workshop. The survey also contained perceptions of workshop participants regarding the delivery of training materials. From the survey results, it is known that the majority of workshop participants did not understand the reference management software and its operation before attending the workshop. After the workshop, most of the participants perceived that Zotero was easier to use compared to End-Note. Most of the participants also perceived that the two reference management software taught, both Zotero and End-Note, were easy to use in writing citations and references. The survey results also showed that the majority of participants stated that the level of mastery of the material was good and the way the material was presented by the presenters was interesting and the interaction between presenters and participants was good.Keywords: Reference Management Software; Zotero; End-Note; Citation.
Međuutjecaj klimatskih promjena i turističke djelatnosti – narativni pregled
Authors: Racz Aleksandar
Published: March 2020

Turizam je jedna od najbrže rastućih globalnih gospodarskih aktivnosti te ima važnu ulogu u nacionalnim i lokalnim gospodarstvima. Globalne klimatske promjene, kao i održivi razvoj kroz društveno i ekološki odgovorno poslovanje u turizmu aktualno je područje istraživanja tek manjeg broja znanstvenika diljem svijeta. Nedostatak šireg interesa izostaje iako je ekspertna grupa okupljena oko Međunarodnog panela za klimatske promjene (IPCC) još sredinom drugog desetljeća 20. stoljeća potvrdila „s gotovo punom sigurnošću da ljudske djelatnosti dominantno uzrokuju globalno zatopljenje, koje dovodi do višestrukih manifestacija klimatskih promjena” te tako klimatske promjene prestaju biti tek predmet akademskog istraživanja, već su u ovom trenutku, uvažavajući i sve druge ekološke probleme, postale najveći izazov i prijetnja opstanku ljudske civilizacije, s brojnim posljedicama i vrlo širokim utjecajem na gotovo sve aspekte ljudskoga života, pri čemu nedvojbeno utječu i ekonomiju, socijalne aspekte i odnose u društvu, a tek jednim dijelom, iako vrlo važnim, i na turizam kao gospodarsku granu. Između turizma i klimatskih promjena postoji dvosmjerna međusobna veza. S jedne strane turizam uvelike ovisi o klimatskim elementima, na primjer temperaturi, padalinama i satima insolacije u danu, odnosno o klimi u cjelini kao važnom čimbeniku, a s druge strane turizam u cjelini, a posebice transport povezan s dolascima turista na destinacije i njihovim odlascima te turistički smještaj per se znatno pridonose globalnom zatopljenju kroz emisije stakleničkih plinova i znatni ugljikov otisak turističke djelatnosti. S obzirom na to da posljedice klimatskih promjena dovode, između ostalog, do povećanog rizika od poplava i suša, topljenja ledenjaka, povećanja razine mora, gubitka bioraznolikosti, raznih prijetnji ljudskom zdravlju, promjena odnosa u socijalnoj sferi, kao i s obzirom na to da nanose znatne štete svim ekonomskim djelatnostima, a istodobno uvažavajući iznimno visok doprinos turizma ukupnom bruto domaćem proizvodu nacionalnih ekonomija, svaki utjecaj klimatskih promjena na turizam može imati vrlo važne ekonomske i razvojne implikacije, posebice u Hrvatskoj, u kojoj turizam čini okosnicu gospodarstva. Ulažu se veliki napori na globalnoj i nacionalnoj razini u cilju ublažavanja posljedica klimatskih promjena te planiranju i poduzimanju mjera za sprječavanje daljnjih negativnih posljedica koje bi u budućnosti mogle biti nepopravljive. Ublažavanje međuutjecaja turizma i klimatskih promjena samo naizgled ovisi ponajprije o tehnološkim promjenama, već znatno ovisi i o ekonomskim, političkim, socijalnim i strukturnim promjenama.
Marihuana – zlouporaba i medicinska uporaba
Authors: Markus Klarić Marija , Klarić Dubravko , Brborović Ognjen , Capak Krunoslav
Published: March 2020

Indijska konoplja (lat. Cannabis sativa L., podvrsta indijska) prati čovjeka od pradavnih vremena pa sve do danas. Prepoznati učinci indijske konoplje kao psihoaktivnog sredstva (glavni sastojak THC delta-9-tetrahidrokanabinol) doveli su do različitih oblika uporabe, ali i kao lijeka u medicinske svrhe. Tehnološki napredak, brojna istraživanja, dovela su do otkrića velikog broja drugih sastojaka (CBD kanabidiol – kanabinoidi) koje sadržava indijska konoplja, a nisu psihoaktivni, međutim našli su svoju primjenu u medicinskoj terapiji. Samom uporabom nužno se pojavila i zlouporaba. Marihuana je danas, iako samo kao jedan od produkata, postala u svakodnevnoj komunikaciji sinonim za indijsku konoplju. Na nelegalnim je tržištima najraširenija droga, kako u ponudi tako i potražnji (produkti hašiš, ulje hašiša, razne mješavine i oblici produkata indijske konoplje nisu toliko rasprostranjeni kao marihuana). Proizvodnju, prenošenje – krijumčarenje, preprodaju i konzumaciju trebalo je staviti pod državni nadzor, odnosno u zakonske okvire, što je i učinjeno, ali uz stalne promjene. To se nije moglo i ne može se regulirati samo u nacionalnim okvirima, već prema konvencijama na širokoj međunarodnoj sceni, uz učešće međunarodnih organizacija, poglavito UN-a. Ipak usklađenost nacionalnih zakonskih okvira s međunarodnima ostavlja prostor za današnje trendove u smislu dekriminalizacije, depenalizacije i legalizacije, što je isto tako dio kulturoloških, bihevioralnih, socioloških, ali i političkih pristupa prema određivanju uporabe i zlouporabe. Granicu između nelegalne odnosno nezakonite primjene ponekad će biti teško odrediti, ali svakako u tom smislu potreban je znanstveni i empirijski multidisciplinarni pristup, razumijevanje, ali i donošenje odgovarajućih odluka.
Life Adversities and Trauma as Factors of Addictive Behaviors
Authors: Ataliieva Alla , Biron Bohdan , Rozanov Vsevolod
Published: March 2020

Within this study 117 drug and alcohol addicts (97 males and 20 females) were compared with a matching group of healthy controls. All respondents were questioned regarding negative life events (NLE) that have happened to them during different periods of their life, in particular when they were 0-6, 7-14, 15-18 and 19 and more years old. The questionnaire consisted of 69 questions which covered such issues as “assault”, “divorce/separation”, “major financial problems”, “serious illness or injury”, “legal problems”, “loss of confidant”, “serious marital problems”, “being robbed”, “serious difficulties at work”, “serious housing problems” and “job loss”, etc. Events related to the personal network and early life period included death of a parent, loss of an individual in the network, alcohol and drug addiction of a parent, problems in relations with parents, separation from parents, being brought up by persons other than parents, housing problems, having very bad relations with a parent, etc. It was found that the life course of NLE accumulation in addicts is 3 times higher than in controls, the differences were statistically significant (p<0,001) in all life periods. In the hierarchical regression model which was used, accumulation of NLEs in the early childhood and young adulthood (after 19) have a bigger impact than periods of school years and ad-olescence. Analysis of NLEs in the earliest life period (0-6 years) in addicts showed that alcohol problems in parents and perceived feelings that parents do not love them and even torture them emotionally were much more frequent than in controls. Other strong associations were with being brought up by people other than parents and father’s addiction. Physical and sexual violence were not among the priorities and were not so strongly associated with addiction. The results are discussed in terms of possible cultural peculiarities than may influence prioritization of childhood adversities and their relevance for further development of addictive behavior. The results obtained may be helpful while building rehabilitation measures for addicts, especially during family therapy
Sonographic Renal Dimension in Patients with Essential Hypertension in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria
Authors: Njoku G.A. , Shem L.S. , Abba M. , Bature S. , Sidi M. , Emmanuel R. I. , Umar M.S. , Joseph D.Z. , Yusuf A.S. , Ohagwu C.C. , Chiegwu H.U. , Prince O. , Musa G.L.
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the commonest non-communicable diseases worldwide; it is the second most common cause of end-stage renal disease.
Objective: To evaluate the renal dimensions and volume of essential hypertension patients in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi and to compare the dimensions with that of apparently healthy volunteers.

Materials and Methods: A total of two hundred and eleven individuals (comprising 121 females and 90 males) with essential hypertension attending an outpatient clinic in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi, and an equal number of healthy volunteers (comprising of 172 females and 49 males) were studied as controls. Both the healthy volunteers and the Hypertensive patients’ renal length, renal width, antero-posterior diameter, and parenchymal thickness were assessed. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0) was used for data analysis.

Results: Study show the mean renal length for hypertensive patients to be 9.1 ± 0.79 cm and 9.1 ± 0.73 cm, the mean renal width of 3.5 ± 0.48 cm and 3.8 ± 0.68 cm, and mean renal volume of 87.22 ± 19.58 cm3 and 95.08 ± 22.93 cm3 for the right and left kidneys respectively. Results equally show statistically significant difference in anteroposterior diameter (p<0.05), parenchymal thickness (p<0.05) and renal volume (p<0.05) between the hypertensive group and the volunteer group for both right and left kidneys.

Conclusion: This study has established baseline renal dimensions for hypertensive in our population (Bauchi Metropolis). The hypertensive subjects showed a decrease in renal anteroposterior diameter, parenchymal thickness and volume compared to control group.
Samoprocjena zdravstvenog statusa i nekih aspekata kvalitete života starijih osoba s osteoartritisom koljena
Authors: Rusac Kukić Sandra , Rusac Silvia , Buljevac Marko
Published: March 2020

Osteoartritis koljena predstavlja važan čimbenik u nastanku tjelesnog oštećenja kod starijih osoba i utječe na funkcionalne sposobnosti osobe, a time i na kvalitetu života. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi postoje li statistički značajne razlike u samoprocjeni zdravlja i nekim aspektima kvalitete života starijih osoba s OA-om koljena. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 74 ispitanika starijih od 65 godina. U analizi su primijenjeni validirani instrumenti: upitnik WOMAC i upitnik SF-36. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju kako je najviša povezanost između ukupnog intenziteta pojavnosti simptoma OA-a s tjelesnim bolovima i ograničenjima u ostvarenju životnih uloga zbog tjelesnog zdravlja. Također, utvrđeno je da se ispitanici statistički značajno razlikuju u procjenama jedino prema dobi i trajanju boli, dok nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike prema spolu i bračnom statusu. Stoga se može zaključiti kako OA koljena utječe na samoprocjenu zdravstvenog statusa osobe i na kvalitetu života pojedinca.
Análisis estructurales de la «Fábula de Faetón» del Conde de Villamediana y una propuesta desde la retórica
Authors: Escuredo Cascón Fernando
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se analiza la Fábula de Faetón del Conde de Villamediana desde la retórica. Su propósito es establecer una estructura acorde con los postulados compositivos en los Siglos de Oro, entre los que se debe contar una disposición del texto en función de la retórica. Este trabajo difiere notablemente de los análisis estructurales anteriores, cuya base es una cierta idea arquitectónica.
Expression of β-Defensin-1 and 2 in HPV-Induced Epithelial Lesions
Authors: Ana-Emanuela Botez , Pavel Onofrei , Laura Stoica , Bogdan Grecu Vasile , Doinița Olinici-Temelie , Oana-Mihaela Condurache , Alina-Alexandra Popa , Cristina Dimitriu , Carmen Solcan , Ileana Sin Anca , Carmen Cotrutz Elena
Published: March 2020

α, β, θ defensins represent a family of small antimicrobial peptides expressed predominantly by a series of cells, including neutrophils, monocytes-macrophages and epithelial cells that are involved in defense mechanisms against viral infections. β-defensins are the most widespread in this family being encountered in oral, digestive, urogenital mucosa and cutaneous lesions. β-defensins directly inactivate certain viruses, including the human papillomavirus(HPV) suppressing viral replication by altering target cells. Considering these aspects, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of β-defensin-1 and 2 in HPV-induced epithelial lesions. For this study, tumoral and normal mucosal tissue fragments were collected from 10 patients aged between 31-60years, with previously confirmed HPV infection, diagnosed clinically and histopathologically with cervical carcinoma. Patients did not receive any chemotherapy or radiotherapy before the biopsy procedure. The tissue fragments were processed by the standard immunohistochemistry technique using anti-β-defensin-1 and 2 antibodies(Bioss Antibodies). The samples examination revealed weak positive(+) membrane, cytoplasmic and nuclear IR for hβD-1 in basal layer of normal cervical mucosa and moderate positive(++) membrane and cytoplasmic IR in squamous epithelium. For dysplastic HPV-associated tissues we highlighted a nuclear moderate positive(++) IR.For hβD-2, IR in basal layer of the normal mucosa was lower(+) compared with dysplastic cells IR and showed a strong expression(+++) at membrane, cytoplasmic and nuclear level in koilocytes of patients with HPV-associated dysplasia. It was also observed a moderate positive (++) IR in basal layer of dysplastic cells of patients without HPV. The obtained results are in agreement with some literature data, which highlighted the fact that hβD-1 and hβD-2 are very important components of the molecular pattern in HPV-induced lesions.
The Role of Intuition and Formal Thinking in Kant, Riemann, Husserl, Poincare, Weyl, and in Current Mathematics and Physics
Authors: Boi Luciano
Published: March 2020

According to Kant, the axioms of intuition, i.e. space and time, must provide an organization of the sensory experience. However, this first orderliness of empirical sensations seems to depend on a kind of faculty pertaining to subjectivity, rather than to the encounter of these same intuitions with the real properties of phenomena. Starting from an analysis of some very significant developments in mathematical and theoretical physics in the last decades, in which intuition played an important role, we argue that nevertheless intuition comes into play in a fundamentally different way to that which Kant had foreseen: in the form of a formal or “categorical” yet not sensible intuition. We show further that the statement that our space is mathematically three-dimensional and locally Euclidean by no means follows from a supposeda priorinature of the sensible or subjective space as Kant claimed. In fact, the three-dimensional space can bear many different geometrical and topological structures, as particularly the mathematical results of Milnor, Smale, Thurston and Donaldson demonstrated. On the other hand, it has been stressed that even the phenomenological or perceptual space, and especially the visual system, carries a very rich geometrical organization whose structure is essentially non-Euclidean. Finally, we argue that in order to grasp the meaning of abstract geometric objects, asn-dimensional spaces, connections on a manifold, fiber spaces, module spaces, knotted spaces and so forth, where sensible intuition is essentially lacking and where therefore another type of mathematical idealization intervenes, we need to develop a new form of intuition.
Categorical Interpretation of Modal Structures under Bisimulation
Authors: Guallart Nino
Published: March 2020

In this work we summarise the concept of bisimulation, widely used both in computational sciences and in modal logic, that characterises modal structures with the same behaviour in terms of accessibility relations. Then, we offer a sketch of categorical interpretation of bisimulation between modal structures, which comprise both the structure and the valuation from a propositional language.
From My Arm Rising to Me Raising It: a Taxonomy of Behaviors and Actions
Authors: Rigato Joana
Published: March 2020

Human behavior can range from automatic and even unconscious bodily movements to very elaborate and rational decisions. In this paper I develop a taxonomy based on the empirical analysis of the phenomenology associated with selected instances of different forms of behavior. The transition from sub-actional behavior to proper actions is shown to take place when the agent intervenes actively in the causal process leading from her mental states to the bodily movement by exercising her power to form intentions to act. It is argued that this type of analysis could be helpful to agent-causal accounts of action and free will.
The Ontological Concept of Disease and the Clinical Empiricism of Thomas Sydenham
Authors: Henríquez Garrido Ruy J.
Published: March 2020

The clinical empiricism of Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689) and his definition ofespecie morbosaerepresented a substantial turn in the medicine of his time. This turn supposed the shift towards an ontological conception of diseases, from a qualitative to quantitative interpretation. Sydenham’s clinical proposal had a great influence on empiricism philosophical thinking, particularly in John Locke and his delimitation of knowledge. The dialogue between medicine and philosophy, set out by Sydenham-Locke, reactivates the problem of the clinical and theoretical foundations of medical thought, as well as the limits of scientific knowledge. Similar to problem exposed in the Hippocratic treatiseOn ancient medicine, seventeenth-century medicine seeks its epistemological foundations and the solution to its difficulties in clinical experience, probability and analogy. The aim of this work is to show the Sydenham’s contribution to one of the great controversies between medicine and philosophy.
Analysis of Transients in a 4-Level Flying Capacitor Converter: Time Domain Approach. Part 1: Large Normalised Voltage Command
Authors: Reznikov Boris , Ruderman Alex , Galanina Valentina
Published: March 2020

A 4-level flying capacitor converter (FCC) operation is considered on a base of discrete state-space model. A transition matrix is obtained for a pulse width modulation (PWM) period for large normalised voltage command values [1/3, 1). The transition matrix elements are expanded into power series by small parameters. The matrix eigenvalues are presented in the form of power series as well. Six separate transients are constructed for six possible initial FCC states on a PWM period. Inductor current and capacitors’ voltage transients are found for the voltage source power-up as the arithmetic average of the six separate transients. Finally, the discrete solutions are replaced by equivalent continuous ones. Simple and accurate formulas for inductor current and capacitors’ voltage transients demonstrate good agreement with simulation results.