bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology of production of polystyrene concrete using solar energy
Authors: Aruova Lyazat , Dauzhanov Nabi , Ospanova Zhumabeke , Toleubayeva Shamshygaim , Utkelbaeva Aizhan
Published: December 2018

The energy of solar radiation is a powerful energy reserve at the surface of the globe which is about twenty billion kW. This amount of energy is more than 100 times greater than the amount of necessary energy for the whole planet; besides the usage of this powerful energy radiator is not associated with polluting substances that pollute the planet. The usage of solar energy nowadays is very important, as the problem of using traditional energy resources is especially acute, because of their irreplaceability and increase in their cost.

At the plants of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the industrial production of building materials today, a trend is outlined for the use of non-traditional types of energy, and mainly solar energy at the stage of heat treatment, where steam heating was traditionally used.

In these researches, development in the direction of temperature treatment of polystyrene concrete was considered. The purpose of the research is the development and practical implementation of the technology of production of polystyrene using solar energy. The results of the conducted researches confirmed that the usage of solar thermal treatment methods for the thermal treatment of polystyrene concrete is effective in weather conditions for the southern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan which refers to areas with dry and hot climatic conditions. Detailed studies of polystyrene concrete under high-temperature weather conditions have been carried out and introduced into production. The usage of heliotechnology for the production of polystyrene concrete improves the quality of manufactured products, also makes it possible to reduce the energy costs of traditional energy covered by the use of solar energy.
Effect of Complex Organo-Mineral Modifier on the Properties of Corrosion-Resistant Concrete
Authors: Van Tang Lam , Xuan Ngo Hung , Vu Kim Dien , Bulgakov Boris , Aleksandrova Olga
Published: December 2018

This paper reports the results of a research study aimed at identifying the compositional features of fly ash (FA) TPP “Pha Lai” (Vietnam), silica fume SF-90 (SF90) and superplasticizer SilkRoad SR 5000F (SR5000) contents that influence the sulfate resistance of corrosion-resistant concrete. The effect of FA, SF90 and SR5000 on the strength of corrosion-resistant concrete is obtained quickly, high early-strength concrete. In details, the compressive strength at the age of 1 and 3 days are respectively 29.6% and 61.13% in comparison to 28 days period. The deformation of corrosion-resistant concrete prisms in 5% sodium sulfate solution after 28 days of testing were determined by Russian standard GOST P 56687-2015. Using the mathematical planning method for four factors and the Matlab computer programs was obtained the mathematical model, which was adequately described the influence ofthe water-binding ratio, FA, SF90 and SR5000 contents on the concrete deformation. It was also noted that the effect of FA content is more pronounced than the water-binding ratio and content SF90. In addition, the effect of SR5000 content on the deformation of concrete is negligible, so it was discarded.
Mortars prepared with mechanochemical treated asbestos-containing waste
Authors: Mezhov Alexander , Shokodko Ekaterina , Kaddo Maria
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the results of recycling of asbestos-containing waste (ACW). It is shown that hydraulic activity of ACW is increased using mechanochemical treatment in the vibratory ball mill in presence of anionic surfactant. Experimental results show that substitution of 10% w.t. of cement on activated asbestos-containing waste leads to increasing of the compressive strength to 20%. Finally, the effect of the activated ACW on the hardening kinetics of mortars is examined.
Complex approach to the study of modern concrete characteristics
Authors: Dmitrieva Maria , Leitsin Vladimir , Sharanova Anastasiia , Tovpinets Alexander
Published: December 2018

The possibility of complex experimental study of the structure and properties of modern multicomponent concretes combining the influence of mechanical activation of the initial powder components of building mixtures, the rheology of concrete solutions, the structure of the concrete mixture, the distribution of various components and pores, the nature of damage and destruction at various stages of concrete strength testing is considered. The classical set of experimental methods for studying the rheological characteristics and strength of concretes at various setting stages is supplemented by studies of the concrete structure using X-ray computed tomography. The developing approach allows to solve the fundamental problems of building material science of concrete.
Application of water-organic emulsions for the recovery of asphalt concrete
Authors: Shestakov Nikolay , Putilin Sergei
Published: December 2018

Old asphalt utilization by means of its recycling and re-use in road construction is becoming increasingly important. Its technical and economic efficiency is proved and, in some countries, it reaches ten millions of tons per year. Cold recycling based, in particular, on the use of emulsified bituminous materials is more preferable. However, the modern practice of producing emulsified bituminous materials by using expensive tension-active emulsifiers and equipment of emulsion bases, often of foreign production, makes this seemingly progressive method of recycling quite expensive. In this regard, there is a need for the development of alternative activators based on organic substances. The aim is to study the possibility of water-toluene and water-kerosene emulsions creating and using as activators of cold recycling processes of asphaltic concrete road. The objectives of the study are: selection of the emulsion components ratio as well as the effect activators obtained on the strength and hydrophysical properties of recycled asphaltic concrete. In applying standard analysis of concrete based on asphalt granulate, it was found that the obtained emulsion actively interact with a sealing coat of concrete, based on asphalt granulate, and capable to form composites with a compressive strength of 1.7 MPa that allows their use in the lower layers of road coatings.
Self-compacting concrete made with the use of local raw materials and industrial wastes
Authors: Endzhievskaya Irina , Shvaenko Dmitriy , Andriyanova Ksenya
Published: December 2018

The subject matter of the research: fine-dispersed mineral ad-ditives based on raw materials and industrial wastes for the production of self-compacting concrete with prescribed high physical and mechanical characteristics, the use of which will be economically more justified by re-ducing energy consumption, evaluating their contact with superplasticizers.

The aim: the analysis of mineral additives based on local raw materials and industrial wastes combined with a superplasticizer for the production of self-compacting concrete with high physical and mechanical properties.

Materials and methods: scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM-6490 LV, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for elemental analysis ARL OPTIM, X, ThermoTehno, Switzerland; gas analyzer Gank 4. The parameters to study are as follows: sedimentative and chemical composition of mineral additives, molding properties of a concrete mixture, mechanical properties of concrete.

The result: mineral additives with the use of local raw materials and in-dustrial wastes have been analyzed, optimal costs have been selected for the optimal hydration reaction behavior and the formation of a denser structure of self-compacting concrete.

Conclusions: studies of finely dispersed mineral additives in combination with a superplasticizer have been carried out in order to obtain self-compacting concrete with specified high physical and mechanical proper-ties.
Some provisions of calculations of hydraulic structures according to Russian norms and American standards
Authors: Kozlov Dmitry
Published: December 2018

Ensuring the safety of hydraulic structures should be carried out, including calculations of the stress-strain state of the system “structure–base” by the method of limit States. A summary system of reliability coefficients, a combination of loads and operating conditions for different design cases is presented. Considered the stability condition of the concrete dam on the shift on the substrate. A comparison of the values of the generalized dam stability coefficients (reserve) according to Russian norms and American standards is performed. It is shown that when comparing the numerical values of the strength and stability coefficients regulated in the Russian norms and American standards, it is necessary to take into account the methods of determining the strength characteristics of materials, the practice of taking into account loads and effects, as well as the methods of computational studies of the stress-strain state of structures and their bases.
Experimental observation of visible flame propagation rate in accidental deflagration explosions and explosive load reduction
Authors: Komarov Alexander , Gromov Nikolay
Published: December 2018

The article reveals the results of experimental studies of the impact exerted by an accidental explosion scenario on the visible flame propagation rate. The numerical value of the visible flame propagation rate defines the parameters of the explosive load accompanying an accidental explosion. The conducted experimental studies were used for justification of recommendations aimed at reduction of potential explosive loads during accidental events.
FRCM composites mesh anchorage – a way to increase strengthening effectiveness
Authors: Grzymski Filip , Marcinczak Dorota , Trapko Tomasz , Musiał Michał
Published: December 2018

FRCM (Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) composites are the next stage of development of composite structural reinforcement after FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymers) composites. The main element that distinguishes the newer FRCM system is the matrix of the composite – mineral matrix instead of epoxy resin. Changes in the structure of the composite, resulting from the change of the matrix, have a big impact on its work mechanisms. This paper discusses FRCM composites and shows its effectiveness in reinforced concrete elements strengthening. The basic information on FRCM mesh fibres material differences and composite failure modes are given. Current trends and directions of composite structural strengthening and the latest research in the area of increasing FRCM composite strengthening effectiveness, that are being conducted by the authors, are presented.
Mechanical treatment of waste water from fat substances in the ultrasonic field
Authors: Vikulin Pavel , Vikulina Vera
Published: December 2018

The use of ultrasonic vibrations in the technology of waste water purification from fat substances is part of the scientific problem of using in this area of knowledge of physical methods, which include: ultrasonic, magnetic, high-frequency, roentgen, ultraviolet and other. Currently, ultrasonic vibrations are widely used in various industries: metallurgy, chemical, mechanical engineering, medicine and other. The wide use of ultrasound is explained by the variety of phenomena occurring in the ultrasonic field. Ultrasonic vibrations initiate dispersion and emulsification of substances, contribute to coagulation and degassing, affect the processes of crystallization and dissolution; it is known that ultrasound causes a variety of chemical transformations of the substance, including oxidation, reduction, polymerization and so on. The explanation of these phenomena is found in a variety of ultrasonic effects: cavitation, shock waves, micro-flows, acoustic wind and so on. The schemes of ultrasonic generators are continuously improved, works on the development of methods of using ultrasound and on the search for new areas of its application are progressing. Under these conditions, the question of the possibility of using ultrasound for the treatment of waste water from fat is relevant. However, the theoretical side of this issue is a little-studied object.
3D scanning data use for modular building renovation based on BIM model
Authors: Borodinecs Anatolijs , Zemitis Jurgis , Dobelis Modris , Kalinka Maris
Published: December 2018

Nowadays new and modern tools should be actively used in buildings energy retrofitting processes. Handmade measuring and 2D design process should be minimized as possible and by replaced by advanced computer technologies such as automated data proceedings, 3D scanning and automated production lines. All these measures will allow significant minimization failures in design, energy simulation and construction. Available computing capacities allows data proceeding in reasonable time and quality. 3D building model is an efficient tool to develop precise retrofitting project and to make correct energy consumption estimation3D building model allows precise dynamic energy simulation using such software as IDA-ICE, RISUKA, IES, EnergyPlus etc. This research provides detailed analysis of existing buildings whole 3Ddevelopment process from scanning to creation of model.
Reliability and Safety of Vertical Transportation Use
Authors: Stepanov Michail , Kaytukov Batraz , Mechiev Ayub
Published: December 2018

At present the problem of vertical transport safety is crucial as it is evidenced by the statistical data on the number of accidents and injuries There are no regulatory requirements for permissible safety level of the elevator performance. service support system for the elevator is aimed at maintaining the performance standard level throughout the specified service life of vertical transportation. For the elevator equipment which is a technically complex system, hazard is manifested in the form of failure of various structural elements that affect safety. In this study the probability of a hazardous situation is characterized as risk-failure.
The conceptual model of neuro-fuzzy regulation of the microclimate in the room
Authors: Karpenko Andrey , Petrova Irina
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a model of neuro-fuzzy regulation of the microclimate in the room. The proposed model consists of an artificial neural network serving to form a comfort index PMV, a fuzzy logic controller for regulating temperature and humidity in the room. This approach makes it easy to manage these parameters through an estimate of the PMV index, which indicates the level of thermal comfort in the room.
Determination of high-pressure pipeline cyclization degree with exploratory technique
Authors: Klochko Aleksey , Zhila Viktor
Published: December 2018

The article examines the issues of determining the network configuration, which ensures the maximum reliability of the gas distribution system. Rationally designed configuration of the gas distribution network with the adopted gas supply scheme can provide reliable operation for a long time. Results are recommended to be used in the design of gas distribution networks, as well as in determining the reserve for improving the reliability of the network for the adopted gas supply scheme for users.
Investigation of losses of infiltration by the basis of data on aerodynamic parameters of the building object
Authors: Gribach Dmitry , Gribach Julia , Churin Pavel
Published: December 2018

In the economy of the countries the problem of energy efficiency occupies one of the important places. The process of infiltration is one of the key aspects of energy efficiency in the construction industry. In turn, the process of infiltration is interconnected with climatic factors, such as wind. Existing norms and rules, which regulate construction activity, represent a calculation, the results of which give a large margin of reliability. However, because of this, a number of issues arise related to the economic and energy efficiency of construction projects. In this paper, a detailed description of the implementation of an experimental study of the wind effect on a building site is presented to reduce infiltration losses and increase the energy potential of the facility. The work contains the main results of this study, as well as a comparative analysis of the data obtained as a result of calculations based on approved standards.
Smart City: Convergent Socio-Cyber-Physical Complex
Authors: Volkov Andrey
Published: December 2018

New development objectives of the country specify the special significance of the sectorial building academic and professional community in enhanced understanding and active involvement in the processes of transformation of traditional and in the formation of new areas of competences. Creation, facilities and infrastructure, the urban environment are becoming today the main area of meeting and concentration of high-tech areas of scientific progress. This article presents a new logical and conceptual model of the sequence of stages of creative activity, a new definition of the concept of “smart city” and “convergent socio-cyber-physical complex”, original system technology layout of digital modeling of creative activity. The layout describes seven levels of digital modeling that correspond to six levels of connections formation: “plan” – “objective”, “object” – “project”, “process” – “time”, “technology” – “economics”, “system” – “resource”, “complex” – “convergence”.
Application of additive technology for the study of resonance oscillations in structures
Authors: Makarov Konstantin , Yurchenko Evgeny , Yurchenko Elena
Published: December 2018

The methodic of studying the vibrations of small-sized physical models using additive technology has been developed. The results of the experimental determination of the resonance frequencies for harmonic oscillations and the calculation of the phase shift for two small-scale models of a three-story reinforced concrete building with a nonrigel frame has been presented. It has been shown that the production of models on a 3-D printer makes it possible to reduce the laboriousness of their manufacture, and also to expand the possibilities for accounting of operational defects in buildings and structures derived from seismic, vibrational and other types of vibrational influences based on physical modeling.
Experimental and analytical study of an aluminium alloy bridge made of 1915T
Authors: Korgin Andrey , Romanets Vladimir , Ermakov Valentin , Zeyd-Kilani Laith
Published: December 2018

In bridge design one of the main design criteria is fatigue. Better understanding, correlation and correct design rules are important to ensure safety. New code for the design of bridge structures made of aluminium alloys are being developed in Russian Federation. The authors tested a full scale pedestrian bridge for static and cyclic loading. The results of the experiment and numerical simulation are analyzed and presented in this article.
Verification of the eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete column calculation model based on the results of a full-scale experimental study
Authors: Andreev Mikhail , Bulushev Sergey , Dudareva Marina
Published: December 2018

The article presents the results of a numerical experiment consisting in a test of an eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete column and comparison of the results obtained with the results of experimental studies. With the development of numerical methods and software packages, methods (techniques) of modeling structural elements using more detailed calculation models with solid finite elements that allow direct consideration of the joint behavior of concrete and reinforcing bars become relevant. The use of such methods requires verification of individual load-bearing structural elements, such as columns, beams, slabs. The article refers to a nonlinear concrete model – Continuous Surface Cap Model (CSCM). This model is implemented in the LS-DYNA software package and enables to consider the joint behavior of reinforcing bars and concrete, using bar (for reinforcing bars) and solid (for concrete) finite elements. An eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete column of square section with dimensions of 150х150х1150 (h) mm is chosen as an object of modeling. The studies have shown that the ultimate breaking load on the column based on the results of numerical modeling is consistent with the experimental values (discrepancy does not exceed 3.4%). The pattern of development of cracks and fractures, obtained from the results of modeling in the LS-DYNA software package corresponds to the pattern of fractures obtained as a result of experimental studies. According to comparison of the results obtained, it can be argued that a numerical test showed good agreement with the results obtained during full-scale experiments.
The study of the perturbation of normal stresses in the rod of the I-section in the zone of application of the load
Authors: Saiyan Sergey , Paushkin Alexander
Published: December 2018

The study of the implementation of the Saint-Venant principle for restrained rods of the I-section exposed to various loads at its free end is carried out. When using the program complex LIRA SAPR are defined zones of disturbance of normal stresses.
Simulating seismic impacts using vibrating machines
Authors: Abovyan Avetik
Published: December 2018

The article presents a method to reproduce seismic impacts on structures according to an accelerogram of an earthquake. Three powerful vibrating machines have to be installed on different floors of the structure, where oscillation characteristics are selected based on the spectrum of acceleration of the earthquake and so that the values of the inertial forces arising in the structure during their operation are equal to the true values of seismic forces which arise during the same earthquake. Key words: vibrating machine, eccentric, accelerogram, structure, model.
Multi scale numerical approach for micro-cracked viscoelastic masonry
Authors: Nguyen T.T.Nga , Nguyen S.Tuan , Vu N.Quang , Nguyen T.Ta. , Tran N.Hung , Vu M. Ngoc
Published: December 2018

A multi-scale numerical method for viscoelastic micro-cracked masonry is proposed. Firstly, the effective viscoelastic properties of the masonry are modelled by a periodic homogenization approach. The Modified Maxwell (MM) model is chosen for the creep. Secondly, an incremental procedure is proposed. Thirdly, an incremental formulation is used to get the overall viscoelastic behaviour of the two dimensional periodic cell. Finally, the result of the method is validated against analytical solution.
Extend Convergence-Confinement Method for deep tunnels in poroelastic anisotropic medium
Authors: Tran Nam-Hung , Nguyen Thi-Thu-Nga , Do Duc-Phi , Nguyen Tri-Ta , Cao Chu-Quang
Published: December 2018

This paper is devoted to present a closed-form solution based on the approach of the conventional convergence-confinement method to study the effect of the movement of the tunnel face during the excavation on the stress-strain state of the surrounding medium and the interaction between the ground and the support for a deep tunnel in poroelastic anisotropic medium. In this study, a hydro-mechanical coupling behaviour of the ground at the steady-state of the groundwater flow will be taken into account. The obtained solution could be used as a quick tool to calibrate tunnels in elastic porous medium. Some numerical estimations indicate that, a hydro-mechanical model of the medium should be considered in tunnel design.
Numerical models for the elastic halfspace dynamic response due to road traffic load
Authors: Papán Daniel , Papánová Zuazana
Published: December 2018

Due to the information technology development the numerical modelling in the traffic structures engineering finding the application. Even in the traffic effect on the geological environment and soil. It this case two mechanical systems are interactive and acting to each other. This special type of interactive task is usually solves by using Finite Element Method (FEM). In both mechanical systems propagates the dynamic strength and strain effects. The Traffic Seismicity (TF) in the elastic half space is possible to solve in the time and the frequency domain. The paper contains theoretical approach of the two numerical simulations in the TS task. For this type of the FEM simulations the various numerical systems were used.
Transformational administration as form of innovative development of the construction organization
Authors: Grigoreva Svetlana
Published: December 2018

In article the theory of transformational administration as a form of innovative development of the construction organization is offered. An object, a subject, the principles of the theory are opened. Such forms of transformational administration as harmonious administration, risk administration, IT-administration are considered. The architecture of a management system is provided by strategic stability of the construction organization.
Innovative technological solutions to ensure the reliability of operated buildings
Authors: Sokova Serafima , Smirnova Nadezhda
Published: December 2018

Subject: The purpose of this research work is to develop the most effective technological solution for underground waterproofing of operating structures with design features, as well as being in difficult and cramped conditions of nearby buildings. Objectives Outdoor underground waterproofing buildings, working «clamp» protects most of their supporting structures from aggressive ground waters, contributing to the acceleration of corrosion processes and leaks of water in technical room. Materials and methods: New types of waterproofing are considered and the technological scheme of performance of works is given. In addition, organizational methods of hydraulic protection of building structures have been developed. Results: This technology can be applied from the basements of the operated buildings and performed at any time of the year. Innovative technological solutions are based on mathematical calculations performed by the authors. Conclusions: Technological methods confirmed the choice of effective solutions for waterproofing, conducted by a mathematical apparatus using the methodological framework in the form of logical-probabilistic method and the method of pair comparison. The creation of “visual protection” from the mineral composition for the supporting structures of the operated buildings allows to increase the durability of their hydraulic protection, to work in cramped urban and difficult conditions, as well as to extend the life cycle of the building itself.
Research on flexible roll profile electromagnetic control technology in precision rolling mill
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Feng Yanfeng , Yang Tingsong , Du Fengshan , Sun Jingna
Published: December 2018

To obtain a better strip shape control method, this paper proposes roll profile electromagnetic control technology (RPECT) based on induction heating technology and the principle of metal thermal expansion. Using the thermally driven and internal constraint mechanism of the electromagnetic stick, the technology innovatively converts the energy of induction heating into a thermodynamic hybrid power source, which achieves segmented micro-scale flexible roll profile adjustment and enhances the capacity for strip shape control. To research the technology, an electromagnetic control roll (ECR) with five control regions is built based on a ϕ560 × 2180 mm roll, and an electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling model is established. Based on the model, the typical roll profile curves obtained by the ECR are researched, the strategy of increasing the growth rate of the roll crown is analysed, and the applications of RPECT in strip shape control and cold rolling are discussed. Finally, a roll profile electromagnetic control experiment platform is established to verify the model accuracy and feasibility of RPECT. The results show that RPECT can realize flexible roll profile adjustment and that the model has sufficiently high computational accuracy to research the roll profile of multi-segment RPECT.
Extraction and separation of La(III), Pr(III) and Nd(III) using binary mixture of D2EHPA with Cyanex272, TOPO, and TBP extractants
Authors: Naeem Akram Tofighi , Kashi Eslam , Salehi Mohammad Ali , Habibpour Razieh
Published: December 2018

This paper investigated the extraction and separation of lanthanum(III), praseodymium(III) and neodymium(III) from aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions using a mixture of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) with three other extractants, namely bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex272), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and tri butyl phosphate (TBP) diluted in kerosene. In this study, the O/A = 1, T = 25 °C (room temperature), contact time of 10 minutes for the two phases, and kerosene as the diluent were chosen for all experiments. The effective factors studied in this research included the type and concentration of extractants as well as the pH of solutions. The Design Expert software was employed for the design of experiments, investigating the factors effect on the solvent extraction and the separation factor (β), and obtaining the optimal values of the factors. After a thorough analysis of the experiments, it was concluded that these factors were independent and had no interaction on each other. The maximum extraction and separation of Pr(III) and Nd(III) were attained by the mixture of D2EHPA and Cyanex272 in which the ratio of D2EHPA to Cyanex272 equaled 0.5 at pH = 4.4. Their extraction values were 90.5%, 91.3% respectively and β(Nd+Pr)/La = 14.4. In this condition, the extraction of La(III) was 50.81%. Based on this data, a two-stage extraction was used for the separation of Nd and Pr from the La, with an extraction efficiency of 97.5%, 96.9%, and 28.3% for Nd, Pr, and La, respectively. In order to selectively remove the co-extracted La from the loaded organic phase (D2EHPA + Cyanex272), the scrubbing of La was carried out with a new immiscible aqueous solution of Nd with the concentration of 251 mg/L as the scrubbing solution with a scrubbing efficiency of 85%.
Thermodynamic evaluation using the law of mass action under consideration of the activity coefficients in the system NdCl3-HCl (or NaOH)-H2O-DEHPA-kerosene
Authors: Scharf Christiane , Ditze André
Published: December 2018

For the recovery of neodymium, an important rare earth metal, solvent extraction using DEHPA as extractant is a possible process for winning and recycling. A preceding study by the authors has provided extensive experimental data of the system neodymium-chloride-hydrochloric acid (or sodium hydroxide)-water-di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA)-kerosene. It was found that the description of the reaction Nd3++3(DEHPA)2 ⇄ Nd(DEHP‧DEHPA)3+3H+ by an ideal mass action law is only partly satisfactory. This article investigates the contribution of several parameters to non-ideality. On this basis, expressions for activity coefficients of neodymium in the aqueous phase as well as DEHPA and neodymium in the organic phase are derived. The resulting equations are shown to represent the system with considerably better accuracy than previously possible.
Anxiety in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy
Authors: Walsh Kelda , Dunn David
Published: December 2018

Anxiety is a common comorbidity in children with epilepsy, though often overlooked and undertreated. Fear and worry are common reactions of children with epilepsy and their parents. Risk factors are multiple and include demographical, epilepsy-related, genetic, and family variables. Anxiety negatively affects health-related quality of life (QOL) and may contribute to poor seizure control. Appropriate treatment of anxiety in children with epilepsy should follow practice guidelines developed for treatment of anxiety in children without epilepsy and consist of education, counseling, and potentially psychopharmacology.
Magnetic quantum string waves in non-degenerate quantum plasma
Authors: Tsintsadze Levan N.
Published: December 2018

Instabilities of transverse waves due to a constant magnetic field in a non-degenerate quantum electron-ion plasma are studied. A new type of cyclotron oscillation with a small growth rate is disclosed. Excitation of a new quantum mode is also revealed. Furthermore, the kinetic instabilities of Alfven waves are discussed and the growth rates are obtained. A novel branch of waves that we call magnetic quantum string waves is found.
Using evidence of decline and extinction risk to identify priority regions, habitats and threats for plant conservation in Australia
Authors: Silcock J. L. , Fensham R. J.
Published: December 2018

Threatened species lists are used at global, national and regional scales to identify species at risk of extinction. Many species are listed due to restricted population size or geographic distribution, and decline is often inferred rather than quantified. Vascular plants comprise over 70% of nationally listed threatened species, but there is an incomplete picture of which species are most at risk of extinction, where these occur and the factors behind their declines. We compiled published information and the best available field knowledge including 125 expert interviews to identify declining and at risk species. The candidate list comprised 1135 taxa, which were mostly listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered under Federal and/or State legislation, but included 80 that are currently unlisted but considered to be highly threatened. In total, 418 taxa were assessed as having a documented, suspected or projected continuing decline. These were ranked based on extinction risk and magnitude of continuing decline, which suggest that 296 are at risk of extinction under current management regimes, including 55 at high risk of extinction. Declining and imperilled taxa are concentrated in a relatively small number of regions and habitats, and six threatening processes are driving the majority of declines. Field surveys and robust, repeatable monitoring are required to better inform population trends and extinction risk, as well as inform the status of almost 200 taxa that are potentially imperilled but poorly known. Identification of declining taxa can identify key issues for flora conservation across a continent, and allow for targeted and efficient recovery efforts.
Monitoring of Eucalyptus globulus tissue thermal degradation by semi-conductor metal-oxide sensors for early fire detection in eucalypt forests
Authors: Paczkowski Sebastian , Pelz Stefan , Paczkowska Marta
Published: December 2018

Volatile organic compound (VOC)-based fire-risk assessment systems for woodland fires can shorten the time between a fire outbreak and the arrival of fire crews. This can prevent the development of crown fires, which are harder to control than ground fires. Semi-conductor metal-oxide gas sensors possess good technical properties for VOC detection. In this study, the VOC emissions of heated lignocellulose biomass (Eucalyptus globulus) was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three semi-conductor metal-oxide gas sensors were calibrated to eucalyptol, furfural, α-pinene and 2-methoxyphenol. Among the 20 quantified VOCs, eucalyptol and furfural showed the highest emission rates. The sensors online monitored the temperature-dependent VOC pattern generated by the pre-ignition, at ignition and post-ignition heating stages. The feasibility of such gas sensors for early fire detection is discussed.
High-capacity preconscious processing in concurrent groupings of colored dots
Authors: Sun Peng , Chubb Charles , Wright Charles E. , Sperling George
Published: December 2018

Significance

A critical visual process is segmenting a scene into objects to be processed (foreground) and the remainder (background). Humans are extraordinarily good at segmentation, but how they accomplish this still is not well understood. An important component process in segmentation is grouping by similarity, for example, by color, shape, size, etc., thereby organizing visual information into coherent chunks for subsequent stages in object recognition. That our subjects can also group dissimilar items shows that the grouping process itself is much more complex than previously believed. Furthermore, we present a fully quantitative account of the inclusiveness/exclusiveness of the grouping process and of its extraordinary perceptual capacity. The amount of information preconsciously utilized to form a group is many times greater than is consciously available.
Morphology, anatomy and taxonomy.
Authors: d'Eeckenbrugge G. C. , Leal F.
Published: December 2018

This paper describes the morpology and anatomy of stems, leaves, roots, inflorescence and fruit of pineapple, as well as its vegetative propagules. Information on its taxonomy, including evolution of pineapple classification and evolution under domestication.
Visualization of long-lived proteins reveals age mosaicism within nuclei of postmitotic cells
Authors: Toyama Brandon H. , Arrojo e Drigo Rafael , Lev-Ram Varda , Ramachandra Ranjan , Deerinck Thomas J. , Lechene Claude , Ellisman Mark H. , Hetzer Martin W.
Published: December 2018

Many adult tissues contain postmitotic cells as old as the host organism. The only organelle that does not turn over in these cells is the nucleus, and its maintenance represents a formidable challenge, as it harbors regulatory proteins that persist throughout adulthood. Here we developed strategies to visualize two classes of such long-lived proteins, histones and nucleoporins, to understand the function of protein longevity in nuclear maintenance. Genome-wide mapping of histones revealed specific enrichment of long-lived variants at silent gene loci. Interestingly, nuclear pores are maintained by piecemeal replacement of subunits, resulting in mosaic complexes composed of polypeptides with vastly different ages. In contrast, nondividing quiescent cells remove old nuclear pores in an ESCRT-dependent manner. Our findings reveal distinct molecular strategies of nuclear maintenance, linking lifelong protein persistence to gene regulation and nuclear integrity.
Application of bioindicator film from tapioca/agar/mulberry (Morus alba L.) to detect sausage spoilage
Authors: Wardana Ata Aditya , Wiramukti Adyafahmi , Widyaningsih Tri Dewanti
Published: December 2018

In this study, development of a bioindicator film to detect sausage spoilage has been evaluated. The objectives of this research were to develop a bioindicator film from blended tapioca, agar, and mulberry juice and to asses its performance in detecting sausage spoilage. Different concentration of agar (3, 5, 7% by weight of tapioca) and crude extract of anthocyanin (CEA) from mulberry (10, 15, 20% by total volume of suspension) were formulated in this experiment beside glycerol as the plasticizer. The screening of the best bioindicator film was determined statistically according to multiple criteria decision making method prior sausages wrapping. Selected biofilm, 2% tapioca + 7% agar + 20% CEA, was able to detect an increase of microbial counts and pH variations as a consequent of sausage spoilage exhibited by color alteration of biofilm from dark red at 0 h to red-green at 24 h, and more greenness at 48 and 72h.
Australian lessons for developing and testing a culturally inclusive health promotion campaign
Authors: Telenta Joanne , Jones Sandra C , Francis Kate L , Polonsky Michael J , Beard Joshua , Renzaho Andre M N
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the study was to develop and test culturally appropriate health promotion materials that were seen to be socially inclusive in regard to blood donation within the Australian-African community. Materials were produced in multiple languages (English, Arabic, Swahili and Kirundi) and were initially developed based on previous pilot data, with feedback from the project partner (Australian Red Cross Blood Service) and the African community. Seven formative focus groups with 62 participants were then conducted to ensure the materials would be effective, credible and culturally acceptable to the target audience, including preferred messages, taglines and images. The response confirmed that quotes and images from community members (as opposed to actors) were critical to ensure messages were engaging and believable, and had meaningful taglines that were perceived to be authentic. The refined materials were then used in a community intervention study. The evaluation included an assessment of respondents’ views of the messages post-intervention. Of the 281 African migrants who saw the campaign materials during the intervention period, the majority (75.8%) strongly agreed that the materials made them feel part of the wider Australian community. These results suggest that engagement in developmental activities with targeted communities is important for creating positively viewed culturally targeted public health campaigns. A six-step process is suggested that could be used by other organizations to ensure that messages are acceptable to targeted migrant communities.
Clipping of Basilar Perforator Pure Arterial Malformation Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Munich Stephan A , Brunet Marie Christine , Starke Robert M , Morcos Jacques J
Published: December 2018

Pure arterial malformations are rarely-encountered intracranial lesions, often mistaken for arteriovenous malformations. A minority of these lesions may harbor associated aneurysms. In a recent series of 12 patients with pure arterial malformations, 3 patients had associated aneurysms.
1
As the authors describe, the presentation and natural history of pure arterial malformations generally are considered benign. In over 85% of cases reported in the literature, they are discovered incidentally and in cases with documented follow-up the angio-architecture tends to remain stable.
1

 However, here we present the case of an aneurysm associated with a pure arterial malformation managed with microsurgical clipping. The patient presented to us with the development of hemorrhage within and/or around the lesion and the development of a partial CN III palsy. Using a cranio-orbital approach, we successfully performed clipping of the offending vessel in the region of the basilar apex. Critical to the successful treatment of this lesion were: the correct identification of the offending vessel, recognition of the presence of perforating arteries, and clipping of the offending artery distal to the origin of the perforating arteries. This case represents a rare instance of a symptomatic pure arterial malformation with associated aneurysm.

 Verbal consent was provided by the patient for reproduction and publication of her case.
Interactional Theory
Authors: Thornberry Terence P. , Krohn Marvin D.
Published: December 2018

This chapter looks at interactional theory, which suggests that structural disadvantages affect the initial level of the social bond, which, in turn, is reciprocally related to association with delinquent peers, delinquent values, and delinquent behavior. It begins with the processes that occur in early childhood when individual and social structural deficits, parental factors, and the home environment play key roles in child development. The chapter then moves to the school-age years, when factors outside the home play prominent roles, before considering the question of what might lead to desistance and continuation in adulthood. To address this question, an examination of the interplay across life-course trajectories and the role of cumulative continuity are key points of discussion. This chapter concludes by examining how the lives of one generation are linked to the next in generating both continuity and discontinuity in deviant behavior between parent and child.
Biosocial Influences on Offending Across the Life Course
Authors: Choy Olivia , Portnoy Jill , Raine Adrian , Remmel Rheanna J. , Schug Robert , Tuvblad Catherine , Yang Yaling
Published: December 2018

This chapter presents major biological and biosocial findings in relation to the development of offending. It reviews empirical findings on the association between two psychophysiological factors, heart rate and skin conductance, and offending. The chapter then discusses the heritability of antisocial behavior and the contribution of genetics to the understanding of developmental trajectories, stability, and change in offending. The structural and functional brain abnormalities in antisocial individuals across different age groups are then discussed, along with research on hormones and neurotransmitters. Next, the chapter highlights the applications of neuropsychology in the understanding of offending across the life span and reviews research on pre- and perinatal factors related to later offending. It concludes with potential areas for future research.
Personality and Other Individual Influences on Offending
Authors: Jolliffe Darrick , Farrington David P.
Published: December 2018

This chapter summarizes the knowledge about the key individual difference factors that have been proposed to underlie criminal potential. It discusses temperament and personality, explores the relation between impulsivity and offending, and investigates low intelligence and offending. The chapter then examines the evidence for low empathy and cognitive (decision-making) factors. In isolation, these (or any other) individual differences cannot fully explain the development of offending, but the strength of the evidence suggests that any complete theory would need to take into account at least some of these factors, as all are potential “risk factors” for later offending. While there are different ways of conceptualizing a risk factor, generally they refer to an extreme category of an explanatory variable.
Age and Crime
Authors: Britt Chester L.
Published: December 2018

This chapter provides an alternative framework for thinking about the research on age and crime. It argues that, contrary to a popular view in the research literature that emphasizes differences, there is considerable commonality of findings on age and crime, regardless of the approach taken to its study. The chapter provides an overview of what is meant by the age–crime curve and distinguishes that from the age distribution of crime. Next, basic facts of the age-crime relationship are discussed, followed by explanations of that relationship. The chapter then discusses the issue of whether individual age–crime curves fit the aggregate pattern and, finally, provides an illustration of how varying assumptions of the age–crime curve affect aggregate patterns using simulations.
Desistance and Cognitive Transformations
Authors: Anderson Sarah , McNeill Fergus
Published: December 2018

This chapter reviews the state of current knowledge on cognitive transformations in the desistance process. It considers transformations in the content of cognitions: changing pro-criminal attitudes, changing meanings of and emotions surrounding criminal behavior, and the importance of motivation and hope. The chapter also considers transformations in cognitive skills that enable the person trying to desist to act upon the intentions they have formed. It argues that an integrated theory of the desistance process must include an understanding of all these cognitive transformations. In developing this argument, this chapter challenges narrowly psychological-criminological theories—more particularly their recent applications in offender treatment. Finally, we suggest that further and more methodologically robust empirical exploration of the chronological sequencing of a range of life events and cognitive changes will be critical to developing our understanding of desistance from crime.