bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving electromagnetic field exposure regimes in the production of flattened spelt groats
Authors: Liubych Vitalii , Mostoviak Ivan , Novikov Volodymyr , Leshchenko Ivan , Belinska Svitlana , Kirian Viktor , Tryhub Oleh , Pykalo Serhii , Petrenko Vasyl , Tverdokhlib Olena
Published: September 2022

The modes to produce flattened spelt groats using an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency have been scientifically substantiated. The influence of the duration of irradiation by the field of ultrahigh frequency and water heat treatment on the temperature, yield, and duration of flattened spelt groats cooking was investigated.
When irradiated with a field of ultrahigh frequency from 20 to 180 s, the minimum temperature of the product is 27–128 °C, and the maximum temperature is 43–159 °C. Treatment with a field of ultrahigh frequency from 20 to 100 s does not significantly affect the total yield of groats from spelt. The total yield, in this case, is 94–97 %. At the irradiation with a field of ultrahigh frequency from 120 to 180 s, the total yield of groats is significantly reduced to 83–90 %. Treating with a field of ultrahigh frequency for 100–180 s significantly reduces the duration of flattened groats cooking. The duration of cooking groats, in this case, is 14.0–15.8 minutes. It should be noted that water-heat treatment reliably reduces the duration of cooking flattened groats compared to the option without moistening.
The peculiarity of the technology to produce flattened groats from spelt wheat using the field of ultrahigh frequency is that whole groats must be irradiated for 60–80 s with moistening by 1.0–1.5 %. Under this mode, the total yield of groats is 94–97 %, and the duration of cooking groats is 14.3–15.9 minutes. Subject to the production of flattened groats of the highest grade, it is necessary to irradiate with a field of ultrahigh frequency for 80 s without water-heat treatment. Under such a mode, the yield of flattened groats of the highest grade is 80 %, and that of the first grade is 13 %. The duration of cooking such groats is 16.8 minutes.
The recommendations from this study could be used by small-scale grain processing enterprises in order to produce flattened groats.
Justifying the experimental method for determining the parameters of liquid infiltration in bulk material
Authors: Abramov Yuriy , Basmanov Oleksii , Oliinik Volodymyr , Khmyrov Ihor
Published: September 2022

The object of this study is the process of impregnation of liquid into the bulk material, in particular, into the soil. Determining the impregnation parameters is a relevant task when assessing the consequences of an emergency spill of a hazardous liquid. Infiltration of liquid into the soil leads to pollution of water resources. However, the greatest danger is the ignition of the spill of a combustible liquid.
Based on the Green-Ampt model, a mathematical description of the impregnation of liquid into bulk material was built. It is a system of two ordinary differential equations of the first order, one of which describes the reduction of the thickness of the liquid layer on the surface, and the other describes the dynamics of the impregnation of liquid into depth. The solution to the system was derived in the form of time dependence on the depth of impregnation.
An experimental study was conducted on the example of impregnation of crude oil in the sand. To this end, sand was poured into a vertical measuring glass cylinder. After that, the liquid was poured and a video recording of the impregnation process was carried out. By processing the video recording, the depth of impregnation and the corresponding time were determined. The results of the study show that the relationship between the thickness of the liquid layer on the surface of the sand and the depth of impregnation is linear in nature: the relative deviation of linear approximation from experimental data does not exceed 3.5.
By expanding the logarithmic function contained in the solution to the system of differential equations into the Taylor series, a polynomial dependence of time on the depth of impregnation was established. To determine the coefficients of the polynomial based on the experimental data, the least squares method was used. In this case, the approximation error after the first minute after spilling does not exceed 10 %.
The proposed method could be used to account for seepage in the model of liquid spreading on the ground and the burning model of a flammable liquid spill
Effectiveness of the use of algorithms and methods of artificial technologies for sign language recognition for people with disabilities
Authors: Bayegizova Aigulim , Murzabekova Gulden , Ismailova Aisulu , Aitimova Ulzada , Mukhanova Ayagoz , Beldeubayeva Zhanar , Ainagulova Aliya , Naizagarayeva Akgul
Published: September 2022

According to WHO, the number of people with disabilities in the world has exceeded 1 billion. At the same time, 80 percent of all people with disabilities live in developing countries. In this regard, the demand for the use of applications for people with disabilities is growing every day. The paper deals with neural network methods like MediaPipe Holistic and the LSTM module for determining the sign language of people with disabilities. MediaPipe has demonstrated unprecedented low latency and high tracking accuracy in real-world scenarios thanks to built-in monitoring solutions. Therefore, MediaPipe Holistic was used in this work, which combines pose, hand, and face control with detailed levels.
The main purpose of this paper is to show the effectiveness of the HAR algorithm for recognizing human actions, based on the architecture of in-depth learning for classifying actions into seven different classes. 
The main problem of this paper is the high level of recognition of the sign language of people with disabilities when implementing their work in cross-platform applications, web applications, social networks that facilitate the daily life of people with disabilities and interact with society. To solve this problem, an algorithm was used that combines the architecture of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to study spatial and temporal capabilities from three-dimensional skeletal data taken only from a Microsoft Kinect camera. This combination allows you to take advantage of LSTM when modeling temporal data and CNN when modeling spatial data.
The results obtained based on calculations carried out by adding a new layer to the existing model showed higher accuracy than calculations carried out on the existing model.
Development of a comprehensive methodology for assessing information and analytical support in decision support systems
Authors: Mahdi Qasim Abbood , Mohammed Basem Abdullah , Salnikova Olha , Skliar Oleksandr , Skorodid Serhii , Panasiuk Vasil , Veretnov Andrii , Shknai Oleh , Prokopenko Yevgen , Pyvovarchuk Sergij
Published: September 2022

The object of the study is decision support systems. A methodology for evaluating information and analytical support in decision support systems was developed. The method consists of the main stages: assessment of the type of uncertainty about the state of the analysis object, calculation of criteria and determination of development options, determination of system reaction time, formation of the initial scenario. The next steps are establishing the target state of the object, analyzing options for influencing the analysis object, obtaining intermediate target states of the analysis object, and determining options for the development of the analysis object.
The method was developed because of the need to process more information and has a moderate computational complexity.
It was found that the proposed method has a computational complexity of 10–15 % lower compared to the methods for evaluating the effectiveness of management decisions. This method will allow assessing the state of information and analytical support and determining effective measures to increase efficiency. The method will allow analyzing possible options for the development of the assessment object in each development phase and the moments in time when it is necessary to carry out structural changes that ensure the transition to the next phase. In this case, subjective factors of choice are taken into account while searching for solutions, which are formalized in the form of weights for the components of the integral efficiency criterion. The maximization of the criteria, calculated taking into account the preferences, makes it possible to determine the best option for the development of the assessment object. The method allows increasing the speed of assessment of the state of information and analytical support, reducing the use of computing resources of decision support systems, developing measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of information and analytical support
Development of models and improvement of methods for formalization of design problems and automating technical and operational works of railway stations
Authors: Mailybayev Yersaiyn , Muratbekova Gulzhan , Altayeva Zhanar , Zhatkanbayev Orazbay
Published: September 2022

The object of research is the processes of automation of the technical and operational assessment of railway stations (RWS).
Research solves the problem of developing models, methods and information technologies to automate the process of technical and operational assessment of the work of RWS.
As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: Analysis of scientific papers on the problem of automating the work of RWS. Development of new method and mathematical models to automate the task. Development of new descriptions for the technological processes (TechP) of the RWS based on visual programming methods. Development of simulation models for the automation of railway infrastructure management task.
The UML diagrams of state and activity have been adapted in order to represent the RWS operation technology. When formalizing the description of the RWS, the state diagrams are submitted taking into account the specifics of the description of the change in the phases of servicing objects in the process of TechP of individual objects maintenance.
It is shown that the state diagram for the RWS is a state machine (SM) that models the sequence of changing the states of an object. The detalization of the behavior of objects serviced at the RWS has been completed. Detalization is performed using diagrams of activity. The diagrams of activity are used to formally describe the technical support with objects and executors of work on the railway.
The scientific results obtained in the article, as well as new and improved models and methods, can be used in the development, improvement and formalization of the TechP of the RWS, research methods for informatization and automation objects on the railways of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Building a model of damage to the fractal structure of the shell of the fuel element of a nuclear reactor
Authors: Budanov Pavlo , Khomiak Eduard , Kyrysov Ihor , Brovko Kostiantyn , Kalnoy Sergiy , Karpenko Oleh
Published: September 2022

This paper considers the physical processes in the structure of the material for a heat-emitting fuel element (FE) shell, caused by various damaging defects, on its outer and inner surfaces, and affecting the change in the geometric parameters of a nuclear reactor’s FE.
The task to improve the model of damage to an FE shell is being solved, taking into consideration structural and phase changes in the material of the shell with damaging defects on the outer and inner surfaces, in order to establish the actual criterion for assessing the FE hermeticity degree.
It is proposed to study the structure of the shell material with damaging defects (macropores and microcracks), which is a porous heterogeneous structure with fractal properties of self-similarity and scalability, to use the apparatus of fractal geometry.
A physical model of the FE shell has been built and proposed, in the form of a geometric cylinder-shaped figure, which makes it possible to investigate the fractal properties of the structure of the material of the damaged shell and their influence on a change in the geometric parameters of FE
An improved model of damage to the FE shell was derived, which makes it possible to take into consideration fractal increases in the geometric parameters of FE, for the established values of the fractal dimensionality.
Experimental studies of the FE shell, using the skin effect, confirmed the theoretical results and showed the validity of the choice of practical use of the fractal dimensionality parameter as an effective criterion for assessing the hermeticity degree of an FE shell. It has been experimentally established that the value of the fractal dimensionality of 2.68 corresponds to the maximum degree of damage to the shell for a leaky FE.
Methods of UAVs images segmentation based on k-means and a genetic algorithm
Authors: Ruban Igor , Khudov Hennadii , Makoveichuk Oleksandr , Khudov Vladyslav , Kalimulin Temir , Glukhov Sergey , Arkushenko Pavlo , Kravets Taras , Khizhnyak Irina , Shamrai Nazar
Published: September 2022

The object of this study is the process of segmentation of images from unmanned aerial vehicles. It was established that segmentation methods based on k-means and a genetic algorithm work qualitatively on images from space observation systems. It is proposed to use segmentation methods based on k-means and a genetic algorithm for segmenting images from unmanned aerial vehicles. The main stages of image segmentation methods based on k-means and genetic algorithm have been determined.
An experimental study of segmentation of images from unmanned aerial vehicles was carried out. Unlike known ones, image segmentation by a k-means-based method that successfully works on images from space surveillance systems cannot be directly applied to image segmentation from unmanned aerial vehicles. Unlike known ones, image segmentation by a method based on a genetic algorithm that successfully works on images from space surveillance systems also cannot be directly applied to image segmentation from unmanned aerial vehicles.
The quality of segmentation of images from unmanned aerial vehicles by methods based on k-means and a genetic algorithm was assessed. It was established that:
– the average level of first-kind errors is 70 % and 51 % when segmenting an image from an unmanned aerial vehicle using methods based on k-means and a genetic algorithm, respectively;
– average level of second-kind errors is 61 % and 43 % when segmenting an image from an unmanned aerial vehicle using methods based on k-means and a genetic algorithm, respectively.
It was concluded that further research must be carried out to develop methods for segmenting images from unmanned aerial vehicles.
Development of a method for increasing the interruption protection of multi-antenna systems with spectrally effective special purpose signals under the influence of destabilizing factors
Authors: Sova Oleg , Shyshatskyi Andrii , Ostapchuk Viktor , Zhuravskyi Yurii , Rohovets Maksym , Borysov Ihor , Bovsunovskyi Viktor , Artabaev Yuriy , Trotsko Oleksandr , Pylypchuk Ihor
Published: September 2022

The object of research is multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient special purpose signals. The problematic issue, the solution of which is devoted to this research, is the improvement of immunity to interference of multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient special purpose signals. A technique for improving the immunity of multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient special-purpose signals under the influence of destabilizing factors has been developed. A distinctive feature of the proposed methodology is the use of an improved pre-coding procedure, evaluation of the channel state of multi-antenna radio communication systems with spectrally efficient signals by several indicators. The improved channel state estimation procedure consists in estimating channel bit error probability, channel state frequency response, and channel state impulse response. The formation of an estimate of the channel state for each of the assessment indicators takes place on a separate layer of the neural network using the apparatus of fuzzy sets, after which a generalized estimate is formed at the output of the neural network. The novelty of the proposed method also consists in the use of an improved procedure for forecasting the channel state of multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient signals. The essence of the proposed procedure is the use of fuzzy cognitive models and an artificial neural network to predict the state of the channels of multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient signals.
Based on the results of the research, it was established that the proposed method allows to increase the immunity of multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient signals according to the 8×8 scheme and 64 subcarriers by 20–25 % compared to the known ones.
Investigation of fluid dynamics in microfracture channels
Authors: Mammadova Maleyka
Published: September 2022

The object of the work is an experimental study of the features of the movement of viscous and anomalous fluids in plane-parallel and plane-radial microcracks.
In the work, the unexplored problem of hydrodynamic features of fluid motion in the considered objects – channels is solved.
It was experimentally revealed that various fluids, when moving in microcracked channels with micron-sized openings, acquire new mechanical properties, which differ from their properties in the usual condition. The effect in the “microcrack-fluid” system is the reason for changes in the mechanical properties of fluids in microcracks and equivalent ultra-low-permeable porous media. It was revealed that when a one-parameter viscous fluid moves in a crack with an opening h<hcr, it becomes two-parameter, i.e. behaves like an anomalous fluid, and when moving with an opening h≥hcr, it restores one-parameter properties, and the anomalous fluid behaves like an anomalous fluid but increases the rheological constants of the model.
The results of the research require taking into consideration the crack effect in estimating the parameters of the technological processes system and technical devices “microcrack-fluid”. Machines and mechanisms must additionally have nodes that would prevent this effect. This is of scientific and practical importance for various fields of the industry, machine manufacturing, instrument manufacturing, chemical technology and medicine.
Creating a digital space of socially sustainable development for food enterprises
Authors: Lingur Liubov , Martyniuk Olena , Ivchenko Iryna , Ivchenko Oleg
Published: September 2022

Under modern conditions, there are new requirements for the formation of relations with consumers, partners, employees, and society.
The possibilities of integrating corporate social responsibility (CSR) tools and economic digitalization processes have been investigated and a new format for evaluating the activities of small and medium-sized businesses related to their level of maturity has been defined.
This study formulates patterns of CSR development, proposes the use of a new concept of "digital space of social sustainable development" (DSSSD), and reports a methodological toolkit devised for determining the level of maturity of the digital space of social sustainable development (DSSSD) of food industry enterprises. The developed methodological support makes it possible to assess CSR by economic, social, and informatization criteria.
The proposed CSR scorecard makes it possible to compare companies and rank them in the coordinate system of corporate social responsibility/digitalization. 17 key indicators have been identified, which are formed into three key groups. Confirmation of the effectiveness of the methodology is the execution of calculations for small and medium-sized businesses in the food industry. According to the results of the calculations, the maturity levels of eight enterprises of the food industry in Ukraine in the DSSSD space were determined.
The analysis made it possible to determine that four enterprises are at the initial level of DSSSD (zone 1 Digital Descriptive), two enterprises are moving to zone 2 (Solutions Analytics Digital), and two enterprises are in a state of transition to zone 3 (Smart CIS) due to increasing the level of digitalization and the formation of an internal CSR system, which indicates their active development. This makes it possible to assert that the technique is effective and can be useful for enterprises around the world. The selected indicators are used at all enterprises of those countries that use the international accounting and reporting system.
Improving the system in the areas of formation of corporate social responsibility and the introduction of digitalization of the enterprise makes it possible to optimize the information systems of enterprises, automate management procedures, and create new communication channels with consumers and beneficiaries. This will contribute to the development of a systemic socio-economic effect of business, care for the needs of people, the development of the social climate at an enterprise, and the emergence of new formats of interaction between business, the state, and society.
The effect of hybrid nanofluid CuO-TiO2 on radiator performance
Authors: Sudarmadji Sudarmadji , Irawan Bambang , Susilo Sugeng Hadi
Published: September 2022

This study aims to improve the performance of the vehicle's cooling system called the radiator, which is part of increasing energy efficiency. Research has been done to investigate the convective heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid, using CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles and water-ethylene glycol (RC) as base fluids on a radiator. The mass concentration of the hybrid nanoparticles varied from 0.25 %, 0.30 %, and 0.35 %. For the preparation of the hybrid nanofluid through a two-step method, by mixing dry samples of CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles (50:50) and then the mixture of radiator coolant, RC (60 % water and 40 % ethylene glycol). The fluid flow varies from 20 liters per minute to 28 liters per minute. Temperature variations range from 70 °C to 90 °C by using controlled heating. Four thermocouples measure the inlet and outlet hot fluid flow and the airflow before and after the radiator. The experiment showed that the overall heat transfer coefficient increases remarkably with the increase of the hybrid nanoparticle concentration under various flow rate values. The maximum overall heat transfer coefficient increases by about 83 % compared to pure radiator coolant under 0.35 % mass concentration at a flow rate of 22 liters per minute and a temperature of 70 °C. It has also been found that the heat transfer rate is highly dependent on the radiator's mass fraction and flow rate. Increasing the mass concentration shows maximum enhancement in heat transfer rate. Inlet temperature also enhances the heat transfer rate, but its effect is small compared to nanofluid's mass concentration and flow rate. This study reveals that hybrid nanofluids can be suitable as a working fluid, especially in small-scale heat transfer devices.
Prediction model of motorcycle accident in economic and driving behaviour factors
Authors: Putri Friska , Arifin Muhammad , Djakfar Ludfi
Published: September 2022

The number of motorized vehicles, especially motorcycles, is also offset by increased traffic accidents. As is known, road accidents essentially depend on four interrelated factors: human behavior, vehicle efficiency, environmental conditions, and the characteristics of the infrastructure. However, most accidents are attributable to the first three factors, almost always to improper user behavior. This study aims to determine motorcyclists’ socio-economic characteristics and conduct on the intensity of accidents. The research location is on the Pandaan-Purwosari National Road, Pasuruan Regency, Section 094‑098 (Surabaya-Malang). Three hundred forty respondents are motorcyclists who have experienced accidents in this segment. The research method is interviews and questionnaires—data analysis using Structure Equation Modeling (SEM), with software SmartPLS (Partial Least Square).
The result of accident modeling Y=0.299X1+0.154X2+0.077X3+0.554X4. The first biggest influence on the chance of an accident is the characteristics of driving behavior (X4) exceeding speed (X4.10). The more often the rider exceeds the rate, the higher the chance of an accident. The second most significant influence of socio-economic characteristics (X1) is the age indicator (X1.2), the more mobility in the productive age, the higher the risk of accidents.
Improving models for sustainability evaluation of construction projects in the initiation and planning processes
Authors: Fesenko Tetiana
Published: September 2022

The object of this study is the management processes of «sustainable construction». Sustainability is considered through the application of management processes that, in addition to the traditional tasks for construction projects, also outline the tasks of a wider context. Strategies and production practices of «sustainable construction» involve taking into account environmental, social and economic factors that affect a wide range of stakeholders and the overall condition of the built space. In this regard, the issue of applying management processes in the construction industry that ensure proper organizational and technological sustainability of projects is also being updated. This article aims to fill the existing information and methodological gap in the processes of assessing the sustainability of construction project management processes.
A correlation method was applied to determine the interdependencies of the characteristics of the use of tools and methods in the processes of managing construction projects with the values of sustainable development 5Р (Product, Proses, People, Planet, and Prosperity). Highlighting the characteristics of permanence in project management processes helps to explain the difference in approaches for ensuring the internal sustainability of the construction object and the sustainable management of a construction project.
A comprehensive methodology for quantitative assessment of sustainable construction project management in the initiation and planning processes under conditions of uncertainty is proposed. The relative importance of construction project management processes and subcategories of sustainable development of the construction site is taken into account. Basic mathematical models of sustainability assessment have been developed: balanced in all areas of knowledge of construction project management for each process, balanced across all construction project management processes at the «Initiation» and «Planning» phases for each category of sustainable development, and integral assessment of sustainability of construction project management processes.
Characterization of high impedance of multilayer coplanar waveguide transmission line design for integration with nanodevices
Authors: Nurzhaubayeva Gulsaya , Chezhimbayeva Katipa , Haris Norshakila
Published: September 2022

Terahertz technology has recently attracted the attention of the researchers due to its wide range of applications such as security and military, biomedicine and health care, astronomy and biology. There are many scrutinized research papers among the terahertz applications with nanodevices such as self-switching devices. They need monolithic microwave integrated circuits for integration. It is evident that the system impedance of transmission lines is 50 Ω. However, the main limitation of self-switching diodes is high level of impedance in megaohms which is a huge value and is not so easy to implement. Paper focuses on the design and simulation of the coplanar waveguide transmission line structures with higher impedance by applying multilayer technology for the integration with self-switching diodes. Using multilayer technology in design allows wide range of impedances. Two approaches have been targeted such that meets all the requirements of integration with nanodevice. First approach is a widening the gap of the polyimide dielectric layers used in the fabrication of these components. Several design structures have been considered such as positioning the location of signal and grounds contacts with respect to the position of the dielectric layers. As the result the highest characteristic impedance of about 90 Ω was achieved at operating frequency of 110 GHz. Secondly, novel coplanar waveguide transmission line structure was investigated where the V – shape structure was joined with the signal elevated structure. The terahertz application research may effect on high data transmission rate of no less than 10 GBit/s and thereby in increase of traffic volume.
Consumption analysis of two-component fixed combinations of medicines for arterial hypertension treatment in Ukraine as one of the stages for evaluation of their reimbursement prospects
Authors: Gonchar Anton , Sholoiko Nataliia
Published: September 2022

The aim was to conduct a retrospective consumption analysis of 4 groups of single pill combinations for hypertension treatment and identify potential candidates for future inclusion in the reimbursement list in Ukraine, based on retrospective consumption patterns.

Materials and methods: The objects of the study were retail sales data in pharmaceutical market in Ukraine of four groups of single pill combinations used for arterial hypertension treatment. Data was provided by the marker research system “Pharmstandard” of the company of “Morion”. Analytic-comparative, systematic, logical, and mathematical-statistical methods were used.

Results: Single pill combinations of ACE inhibitors with diuretics were the most consumed among other combinations on 2018-2020. Retrospective evaluation of consumption patterns in period of 2018-2020 showed that combinations of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTD) 50 mg/25 mg, enalapril and HCTD 10 mg/25 mg, lisinopril and HCTD 10 mg/12.5 mg were the most consumed. Among ARB and diuretics combinations valsartan and HTCD (160 mg/12.5 mg and 80 mg/12.5 mg) and losartan and HTCD (50 mg /12.5 mg) were the most consumed among ARB and diuretics combinations. Within ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers (CCB) combinations the most consumed were lisinopril/amlodipine 10 mg/5 mg and a perindopril arginine/amlodipine 5 mg/5 mg. Valsartan and amlodipine holds the majority among ARC and CCB combinations, consumed in period of 2018-2020.

Conclusion: Apart from the single pill combinations, enlisted in the WHO Essential medicines list, eight more single pill combination were identified, based on retrospective consumption patterns, as potential candidates for further inclusion in the reimbursement list in Ukraine
Development of the spectrophotometric method for the determination of atorvastatin in tablets by using bromothymol blue
Authors: Shulyak Nataliia , Protsyk Svitlana , Kucher Tetyana , Kryskiw Liubomyr , Poliak Olha , Zarivna Nadiya , Logoyda Liliya
Published: September 2022

The aim of the work was to develop a simple, economic, fast, reliable, and eco-friendly spectrophotometric method for the determination of atorvastatin in tablets based on the reaction with bromothymol blue (BTB).

Material and methods. A double–beam Shimadzu UV-Visible spectrophotometer, with spectral bandwidth of 1 nm wavelength accuracy ±0.5 nm, Model –UV 1800 (Japan), Software UV-Probe 2.62 was used to measure absorbance of the resulting solution. Pharmacopeial standard sample of atorvastatin calcium and BTB were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (≥98 %, HPLC). The used dosage forms of atorvastatin: tablets Atorvastatin 10 mg and 20 mg.

Results and discussion. The method of spectrophotometric determination of the quantitative content of atorvastatin calcium based on its reaction with BTB in ethyl acetate medium has been developed. The stoichiometric ratios of the reactive components as 1:1 were obtained by the methods of continuous changes and the saturation method. Linearity regression equation was y=0.0017x+0.0496 and the obtained correlation coefficient was R2=0.9993. The linear relationship was found between absorbance at λmax and concentration of medicine in the range 15.48–154.80 µg/mL. The LOD and LOQ values were calculated to be 4.85 µg/mL and 14.71 µg/mL respectively. Spectrophotometric method for the determination of atorvastatin in tablets using BTB was developed in accordance with GAC principles.

 Conclusions. A simple, economic, fast, reliable and eco-friendly spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of atorvastatin calcium in tablets based on the reaction with BTB and validated according to the standardized validation procedure by the standard method. It was proved that according to such validation characteristics as linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness the proposed method met the requirements of SPhU
Consideration of the possibilities of applying machine learning methods for data analysis when promoting services to bank's clients
Authors: Bulhakova Olha , Ulianovska Yuliia , Kostenko Victoria , Rudyanova Tatyana
Published: September 2022

The object of the research is modern online services and machine learning libraries for predicting the probability of the bank client's consent to the provision of the proposed services. One of the most problematic areas is the high unpredictability of the result in the field of banking marketing using the most common technique of introducing new services for clients – the so-called cold calling. Therefore, the question of assessing the probability and predicting the behavior of a potential client when promoting new banking services and services using cold calling is particularly relevant.
In the course of the study, libraries of machine learning methods and data analysis of the Python programming language were used. A program was developed to build a model for predicting the behavior of bank customers using data processing methods using gradient boosting, regularization of gradient boosting, random forest algorithm and recurrent neural networks. Analogous models were built using cloud machine learning services Azure ML, BigML and the Auto-sklearn library.
Data analysis and prediction models built using Python language libraries have a fairly high quality – an average of 94.5 %. Using the Azure ML cloud service, a predictive model with an accuracy of 88.6 % was built. The BigML machine learning service made it possible to build a model with an accuracy of 88.8 %. Machine learning methods from the Auto-sklearn library made it possible to obtain a model with a higher quality – 94.9 %. This is due to the fact that the proposed libraries of the Python programming language allow better customization of data processing methods and machine learning to obtain more accurate models than free cloud services that do not provide such capabilities.
Thanks to this, it is possible to obtain a predictive model of the behavior of bank customers with a fairly high degree of accuracy. It is worth noting that in order to make a prediction (forecast), it is necessary to study the context of the task, process the data, build various machine learning algorithms, evaluate the quality of the models and choose the best of them.
Creation of the method of multipath routing using known paths in software-defined networks
Authors: Korenko Dmytro , Cherevatenko Oleksii , Rusinov Volodymyr , Kulakov Yurii
Published: September 2022

The object of the research is the creation of a multipath routing algorithm for software-defined networks (SDN) including known paths, subject of the research is network parameters, designed according to a certain topology and using the developed algorithm. One of the most problematic aspects of contemporary computer networks (including applied SDN networks) is overloading. This results in harder control and limiting traffic and amount of users. Most routing algorithms that are used today have a rather large time complexity.
In the course of the study, the following methods were used: study of known routing solutions for SDN networks and results of their application, method of path metric computation on the given topology by the amount of «hops» (transitions between network nodes), optimization of procedure for finding the path using SDN technology capabilities. These methods were united and integrated into the development of the overall routing algorithm, which is proposed in this article.
The proposed multipath routing algorithm allows for the improvement of the process of traffic construction in the SDN network. This was achieved by decreasing the time complexity of the routing algorithm through the usage of previously known paths in the topology without the need to construct new ones. Involvement in the modification of the algorithm of forming distance vectors facilitated timely network reconfiguration in case its state changed. Using a centralized SDN controller made it possible to increase the stability of the network and save all configuration data in one place. The above factors make it possible to deploy an SDN network on an Edge architecture.
Obtained results of the application of the multipath routing algorithm allow to consider it effective when compared with previously proposed algorithms, based on obtained results from a practical network model, where the proposed multipath routing algorithm is used. This is because the research task was formed correctly, and the solution for this task gave correct results. Results of using the described algorithm are demonstrated, and an analysis of the obtained results is conducted, which makes it possible to confirm the accuracy of scientific research.
Justification of the number of samples of weapons and military techniques for performing tasks
Authors: Dudnyk Volodymyr , Grishchyn Oleksiy , Netrebko Vitaliy , Kmin Oleksandr , Bohachev Alexander
Published: September 2022

During the research of the use issue of samples of weapons and military equipment in operations, a significant correlation was established between the predicted effectiveness of such use and the characteristics of the quantitative and qualitative composition of samples of weapons and military equipment. Taking this into account, it is clear that while preparing any operation, it would be desirable to have such a basis of the composition of samples of weapons and military equipment, which is well-founded and can only be adjusted in the conditions of a certain operation. The objects of the research are the samples of weapons and military equipment that are the part of the groups of troops (forces). However, the results of the analysis show that the existing methods for substantiating the composition of samples of weapons and military equipment need improvement. First of all, this concerns the determination of the basic (support) version of the composition of samples of weapons and military equipment (WME). As in the existing methods, the basic (support) version of the composition is not determined, it is chosen by comparing the composition of one's troops and the enemy's troops according to their combat potential. This approach does not provide an opportunity to compare the groups, taking into account the specifics of the use of their striking equipment and to create the necessary balance of forces at all stages of the operation.
Taking into account the above, we conducted the researches that made it possible to determine that with certain proportions, characteristic of the organizational structure of the absolute majority of military formations, there is a close to linear relationship between the number of their personnel and WME and combat potential.
Based on the research results, an improved method of determining the basic (support) composition of samples of weapons and military equipment in operation is proposed.
Analysis of machine learning methods in the task of searching duplicates in the software code
Authors: Kaliuzhna Tetiana , Kubiuk Yevhenii
Published: September 2022

The object of the study is code in the Python programming language, analyzed by machine learning methods to identify clones.
This work is devoted to the study of machine learning methods and implementation of the decision tree machine learning model in the problem of finding clones in the program code. The paper also analyzes existing machine learning approaches for detecting duplicates in program code. During the comparison, the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm were determined, and the results were summarized in the corresponding comparison tables. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the method based on the decision tree, which gives the best result in the task of finding clones in the program code, is the most optimal both from the point of view of accuracy and from the point of view of implementation.
The result of the work is a created model that, with an accuracy of more than 99 %, classifies cloned and non-cloned codes on an automatically generated dataset in a minimal amount of time. This system has several open questions for future research, the list of which is presented in this work. The proposed model has the following ways of further development:
– recognition of clones rewritten from one programming language to another;
– detection of vulnerabilities in the code;
– improvement of model performance by creating more universal datasets.
The perspective of the work lies in training a decision tree model for accurate and fast detection of code clones, which can potentially be widely used for plagiarism detection in both educational institutions and IT companies.
Hemp Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composite Produced By Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)
Authors: DOĞRU Alperen , SÖZEN Ayberk , SEYDİBEYOĞLU Mehmet Özgür , NEŞER Gökdeniz
Published: September 2022

Reinforcement of polymer matrix with natural fiber can provide an increase in mechanical properties of the related composite. Since thermoplastics, especially bio composite materials are recyclable, they contribute to a sustainable ecosystem. In this study, 10% by weight hemp reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) matrix compounds were produced. Tensile test specimens were performed in two different infill patterns, parallel and +/- 45° cross, using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method from the developed bio composite filaments. Ultimate tensile stress increases approximately 20%. It has been observed that the geometry of the infill pattern greatly affects the tensile strength. In addition, through optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the the produced composite filaments were examined. Surface interactions and homogeneous fiber distribution between PLA and hemp were investigated. As a result, hemp is used as a reinforcement material in related studies, its homogeneous distribution is very important. Although the compounds were produced by twin-screw extrusion. Weakness in the form of the surface bonding is observed. This situation affects the structural performance negatively. Addition of hemp decreases the thermal resistance and melting temperature and increases the glass transition temperature comparing to pure PLA.
Effect Of Ball Milling Time on Microstructural Properties of Mg/MgO
Authors: YAHŞİ Yasemin , İPEK Rasim
Published: September 2022

Magnesium and its alloys are among the important research topics in terms of low density, large damping capacity, recyclability, and dimensional stability. The contact of Magnesium with oxygen easily causes the formation of Magnesium oxide. In this study, the Magnesium metal purchased in powder form was grinded by mechanical milling method for various hours. The effect of milling times on Mg/MgO powder composite formation was investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the samples were examined and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were performed.
Comparison of wood fiber reinforced PLA matrix bio-composites produced by Injection Molding and Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) methods
Authors: DOĞRU Alperen , YILANCIOĞLU Seçil , ÜLKÜ Görkem , ŞENTÜRK TURAN Buket , SEYDİBEYOĞLU Mehmet Özgür
Published: September 2022

Plastic materials have a variety of chemical and mechanical properties that will be useful for a wide variety of applications. However, plastic waste creates pollution and poses a great threat due to the problem of non-degradability affecting ecological environments. Thermoset polymers, which are used extensively in the polymer industry today, have recycling problems. This situation creates serious environmental problems. The most important feature of thermoplastic materials is that they can be recycled. The use of thermoplastic polymers creates significant advantages in recycling and environmental issues. The rapid evolution in additive manufacturing provides a new path to the circular economy using recycling. Thermoplastic or thermoset materials can be processed in additive manufacturing.

Additive Manufacturing Methods (AM) are used today in different industries to produce prototypes and even final products. The polymer material is used in 51% of the parts produced with AM. The Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method is the most popular method preferred for shaping polymers with AM. The FFF method is a method of extruding a spool of thermoplastic filament through a heated nozzle and melting the material. Also, FFF is known to have low cost and high printing speeds compared to other AM techniques. PLA material, which is a completely bio-based thermoplastic polymer with many desirable properties, including easy processing ability, strength, hardness, and biodegradability, is widely used in material processing by the FFF method.

In this study, the PLA matrix was reinforced with natural fibers to increase the mechanical properties and contribute to recycling. Bio-composite compounds with 15% wood fiber reinforced PLA matrix by weight were prepared. Specimens’ productions were carried out using bio-composite materials, the FFF method, and injection molding methods. Thermal analyzes of the prepared compounds, filaments, and produced specimens were carried out. A decrease in the Tg value of the compound reinforced with natural fiber was observed, while an increase in the Tm value was observed. The Tg value of the specimens produced by the FFF method increased compared to the injection specimens. In addition, the mechanical properties of the specimens produced by FFF, and the injection molding method were compared. It was determined that the stress at break values of the specimens produced by injection were 2 times higher than the specimens produced by FFF. The impact strength of the specimens produced with injection molding is 51.75% higher than the specimens produced with FFF. The bio-composite materials produced in the study were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface interactions and homogeneous fiber distribution between matrix and fiber were investigated.