bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Supracostal Access for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for Renal Stones
Authors: Saeed Safdar , Arshad Zeeshan , Batool Afia , Memon Mazhar Ali , Naeem Qazi Muhammad , Habib Sonia
Published: March 2022

Objective: To evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of supra-costal access of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for renal stones. Methods: This cross-sectional study constituting 160 patients who underwent PCNL via the supra-costal approach was conducted from January 2018 to March 2021 in Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Hospital, Muzaffargarh. The supra-costal access was achieved through the 11th intercostal space. The success rate and complications were noted. Bleeding, pneumothorax and hydrothorax were noted as major complications. Results: Mean age of patients was 36.06±14.57 years. There were 86 (53.7%) male and 74 (46.3%) female patients. In majority patients the stone size was 2.0 to 2.5 cm in 76 (47.5%) patients. Stone clearance was achieved successfully in 114 (71.3%) patients. The overall procedural complications rate was 54 (33.7%). The commonest complication was bleeding that occurred in 44 (27.5%) patients, hydrothorax in 7 (4.4%) patients, and bleeding plus hydrothorax in 3 (1.9%) patients. Conclusion: PCNL performed using supra-costal access is effective and safe with minimal complications rate. Supra-costal access can be adopted as a safe and effective access for PCNL especially in patients with complex renal stones. Keywords: Renal stones, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Supra-costal access.
Burden of Women's Infectious Disease and Analysis of Current Awareness and Value Perceived of the Obstetrical and Gynecological Specialty
Authors: Khatoon Bhatti Naseem , Bhatti Shameem , Qayyum Yasir , Fatima Tahira , Sapaeva Firuza , Waqas Khan Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Aim: Given the relevance of irresistible infections to the wellbeing of women, we intended to evaluate the current attentiveness, interest and relevance of the unresisted obstetrical and gynecological infection among the residents and residents of contemporary obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: Two independent assessments which deal with attention, appreciation. Sub-specialty premiums were also sent out to (1) an irregular 22 percent sample of residents in obstetrics and gynecology and (2) all Gynecology obstetrics mailed out. Results: More than two-thirds of the chief students in the scientific section were aware of the specialty and 68,2% respected compelling disease experts. About a third of the employees were attentive to the specialization. The formal training of clinical specialists in the field of intractable diseases was reported by thirty-six percent of chief residents. Conclusion: Pakistani obstetrics and residents of gynecology and leaders have little knowledge of the sub-specialty. There is an open specialty to formal instruction by practitioners skilled in the field for residents in irresistibly infected object ology and gynecology. These findings may lead to continuous enrollment efforts in obstetrical and gynecology sub-specialties of irresistible diseases. Keywords: Women's Infectious Disease, Obstetrical and Gynecological Specialty, Pakistani Population.
Case Review: the Rio Doce mining disaster in Brazil – Samarco vs Environment Council of Minas Gerais
Authors: Do Amaral Vieira Flávia
Published: March 2022

Case note
Understanding the role of law and the legal system in economic development requires more than a purely economic model
Authors: Stephen Frank H
Published: March 2022

This article illustrates that an approach to law and economics which uses economic models and quantitative analysis without considering socio-cultural factors and lacks detailed legal understanding of the specific ‘laws’ being analysed can lead to problematic policy prescriptions. It shows that the ‘law and finance’ approach to law and economic development is flawed. More generally, the article demonstrates that law and economics cannot solely rely on the application of the techniques of economics but must also recognise the importance of culture in determining economic behaviour. The studies discussed utilise a New Institutional Economics model of the role of law and the legal system, draw on dimensional models of culture from cross-cultural psychology and utilise a Leximetric dataset containing more finely grained measures of creditor and investor protection indices than those used in earlier studies of the role of law in economic development. The evidence adduced suggests a strong and persistent transplant effect.
Putting behavioural economics in its place: the new realism of law, economics and psychology and its alternatives
Authors: Frerichs Sabine
Published: March 2022

The behavioural turn in economics has spilled over into the field of law and economics. Some scholars even consider behavioural economics a variety of new legal realism, invoking earlier efforts to promote law as a behavioural and social science. In fact, behavioural economics works towards more realistic assumptions about human behaviour by drawing on empirical research methods, namely economic experiments. However, not all realisms are alike. Much of the mainstream of behavioural economics is inspired by cognitive psychology, which entails a move from behaviour to cognition and, ultimately, to brains. For scholars with a socio-legal background, legal realism rather points in the opposite direction: to the social contexts and institutional frameworks that shape individual behaviour. By exploring alternative options for a new realism at the intersection of law, economics, and related disciplines, this article exposes the relative neglect of institutions in behavioural economics and the tendency to reduce them to a corrective for cognitive biases in applications to law. At the same time, it provides a broad overview of different varieties of realism next to behavioural-economic ones.
Neurosound Cihazının Çalışma Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi ve Etkinliğinin Araştırılması
Authors: FİDAN Ugur , KARAOSMAN Mehmet Üsame
Published: March 2022

Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), erken çocukluk döneminde başlayan ve yetişkinlikte görülebilen nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. DEHB tedavisinde psikoterapi ve tamamlayıcı tedavi yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. DEHB tedavisinde işitsel psiko fonaoloji (İPF), göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeninden işlemleme (EMDR), transkraniyal doğru akım uyarımı (tDCS) ve interaktif metronom (IM) tamamlayıcı tedavi yöntemleri olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile İPF kuramını temel alan Neurosound cihazının dikkat ve algı üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla dinleme tutum anket test programı geliştirilmiş ve cihazın çalışma parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaya DEHB tanısı konmuş 7 ile 23 yaş arasındaki 41 kişi (27 Erkek, 14 Kız) ile Disleksi tanısı konmuş 8 ile 15 arasındaki 7 kişi (6 Erkek, 1 Kız) olmak üzere toplam 48 kişi katılmıştır. 48 farklı katılımcıya Neurosound Cihazı uygulanmadan önce ve uygulandıktan sonra MOXO d-CPT testi uygulanmıştır. DEHB tanısı konmuş 41 katılımcı ve Disleksi tansını konmuş 7 katılımcının MOXO d-CPT test sonuçları zamanlama, dikkat, hiperaktivite ve dürtüsellik endeksleri için analiz edilmiştir. Moxo d-CPT test sonuçları analizine göre, DEHB tanısı konmuş kişilerde en fazla gelişim görülen endeks -2,82 puandan -0,98 puana gelerek 1,84 puan geliştiği gözlenen zamanlama endeksidir. Moxo d-CPT test sonuçları analizine göre, DEHB tanısı konmuş kişilerde en az gelişim görülen endeks -1,802 puandan -0,75 puana gelerek 1,052 puan geliştiği gözlenen zamanlama endeksidir. Moxo d-CPT test sonuçları analizine göre, Disleksi tanısı konmuş kişilerde en fazla gelişim görülen endeks 0,82 puandan 0,089 puana gelerek 0,731 puan geliştiği gözlenen dürtüsellik endeksidir. Moxo d-CPT test sonuçları analizine göre, Disleksi tanısı konmuş kişilerde en az gelişim görülen endeks -0,902 puandan -0,82 puana gelerek toplamda 0,082 puan geliştiği gözlenen hiperaktivite endeksidir. Hem Dinleme Tutum Anket Test programı hem de MOXO d-CPT testinden elde edilen bulgular Neurosound cihazının hem disleksi hem de DEHB’li bireylerde tedaviye yardımcı bir ekipman olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte Dinleme Tutum Anket Test program sonuçları ile MOXO d-CPT test sonuçlarının birbirleriyle uyumlu olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak MOXO d-CPT testine alternatif olarak Dinleme Tutum Anket Test programının kullanılabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.
Early reports of epidemiological parameters of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Allen Keeley , Parry Amy Elizabeth , Glass Kathryn
Published: March 2022

Background: The emergence of a new pathogen requires a rapid assessment of its transmissibility, to inform appropriate public health interventions. Methods: The peer-reviewed literature published between 1 January and 30 April 2020 on COVID-19 in PubMed was searched. Estimates of the incubation period, serial interval and reproduction number for COVID-19 were obtained and compared. Results: A total of 86 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 33 estimated the mean incubation period (4–7 days) and 15 included estimates of the serial interval (mean 4–8 days; median length 4–5 days). Fifty-two studies estimated the reproduction number. Although reproduction number estimates ranged from 0.3 to 14.8, in 33 studies (63%), they fell between 2 and 3. Discussion: Studies calculating the incubation period and effective reproduction number were published from the beginning of the pandemic until the end of the study period (30 April 2020); however, most of the studies calculating the serial interval were published in April 2020. The calculated incubation period was similar over the study period and in different settings, whereas estimates of the serial interval and effective reproduction number were setting-specific. Estimates of the serial interval were shorter at the end of the study period as increasing evidence of pre-symptomatic transmission was documented and as jurisdictions enacted outbreak control measures. Estimates of the effective reproduction number varied with the setting and the underlying model assumptions. Early analysis of epidemic parameters provides vital information to inform the outbreak response.
Horta Mandala com produção de PANC’s: relato de uma ação educacional em uma escola do campo
Authors: De Sousa Melli Lucas , Boemer Cesar Pereira Luciana , Fernandes Patricia
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar o relato de uma pesquisa de trabalho de conclusão do curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, que foi realizada em uma Escola Estadual do Campo no município de Dois Vizinhos - PR. Durante a pesquisa, classificada como ação educacional, qualitativa e interpretativa, foi realizada a construção de uma horta mandala com produção de plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC’s), plantas medicinais, hortaliças e condimentares. O público alvo da pesquisa foram educandos do 7° ano da escola. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa se deu nas seguintes etapas: limpeza do espaço destinado à construção da horta; trabalho em sala com os educandos pontuando de maneira teórica os conceitos que foram utilizados na prática da construção da horta no formato mandala; abordagem teórica sobre PANC’s e por fim, a preparação dos canteiros e plantio das PANC’s, plantas medicinais, hortaliças e condimentares. Os resultados obtidos convergem para um bom desempenho por parte dos educandos na questão de desenvolvimento das atividades e interesse no tema, os mesmos demonstraram bastante entusiasmo, pois a pesquisa disponibilizou a eles a oportunidade de visualizar na prática a aplicação dos conceitos abordados e trabalhados em sala nas aulas teóricas. Portanto, considera-se que esta pesquisa ação obteve sucesso e que possivelmente os educandos tiveram um bom aproveitamento na questão de assimilação dos conteúdos trabalhados em sala e abordados na prática, pois com base em observações, os mesmos demostraram domínio no desenvolvimento da prática e conseguiram concluir todas as etapas delegadas a eles.
Assessment of outcome of orthodontic mini dental implants
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Grewal Mankirat , Sonawane Vijay , Maheshwari Yashi , Mallick Ramiz Raja , Singh Prabhu Raj
Published: March 2022

Background: Successful orthodontic therapy has always depended upon on intraoral anchorage with a great resistance to displacement. Osseointegrated implants are considered reliable sources of anchorage for orthodontists hence; the present study was undertaken for assessing the outcome of orthodontic Mini dental implants. Materials & methods: A total of 100 patients were enrolled. In all the involved patients, one or more self-drilling mini-screws were inserted. Orthodontic mini-implants were considered successful when they proved a perfect skeletal anchorage during the entire treatment period (independent from the period's length) without sign of mobility. All the results were recorded and analysed using SPSS software. Results: Success was observed in 85 percent of the cases. Failure was seen in 15 percent of the cases. Among the failure cases, inflammation was the cause in 10 percent of the cases while screw fracture was seen in 5 percent of the cases. Conclusion: Under the  hands of skilled  and experienced clinician,  self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants had excellent prognosis.
CBCT in orthodontics
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu R. , Mani Bhuvaneswari , Nirupama C. , Muralidharan D. , Tamizhmani J. , Prasanth C.
Published: March 2022

Most orthodontic patients, unlike those having implants or endodontic treatment, are children who are particularly vulnerable to ionising radiation. In orthodontics, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has both hazards and benefits. Ionizing radiation, the existence of artefacts, higher costs, limited accessibility, and the need for additional training are the main hazards and limits. This imaging modality, however, has several recognised indications in orthodontics, including the assessment of impacted and ectopic teeth, the assessment of pharyngeal airway, the assessment of mini-implant sites, the evaluation of craniofacial abnormalities, the evaluation of sinus anatomy or pathology, the evaluation of root resorption, the evaluation of the cortical bone plate, and the planning and evaluation of orthognathic surgery. For certain patients, CBCT should be considered for clinical orthodontics. The use of CBCT requires careful consideration and strong clinical judgement. The important themes and topics in the literature about application of CBCT in orthodontics are summarised in this review.
Comparative evaluation of caries removal efficacy between chemomechanical agents & conventional methods regarding time consumption
Authors: Vivek K , Kumar P Mahesh , Thomas Arjun , Raaje P Agisha , Gupta Vignesh , Kumar M Sunil
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The use of minimally invasive procedures and attention to patient comfort are of great importance, especially for dental treatment in young children. This has led to the development of chemomechanical methods for caries removal. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy in terms of time consumption between the chemomechanical caries removal agent Papacarie and conventional method of caries removal. Methods: Subjects for this study were chosen from the outpatients of the Dept of Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences. Twenty five children (age 6 -10 years) with bilateral frank cavitated lesions were included in this study. Bilateral primary teeth with comparable degrees of carious destruction were chosen in each child for caries removal with Papacarie and rotary instruments. The time taken for caries removal was measured using stopwatch. Results The time taken for caries removal in chemomechanical caries removal method was longer than the conventional method which was assessed using the student t test. Conclusions: Papacarie can be an effective clinical alternative treatment for the removal of occlusal dentinal caries in cavitated primary molars but requires longer time as compared to conventional method.
Assessment of livelihood activities for conservation management in the Deng Deng National Park-Belabo Council Forest Conservation Corridor, East Region of Cameroon
Authors: Louis Nkembi  , Njukeng Jetro Nkengafac  , Ngulefack Ernest Forghab
Published: March 2022

Many local communities in Cameroon especially around protected areas survive through the exploitation of natural resources in the wild. This study was set out to assess the different livelihood activities carried out in communities located in the corridor between the Deng Deng National Park and the Belabo Council Forest. This assessment was a giant step towards the planning for effective conservation of biodiversity in the corridor. To achieve this, a household survey was conducted using the simple random sampling technique where each household was given equal opportunity of being chosen to take part in the survey. Surveys on hunting and Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) were conducted. During these surveys a total of 440 questionnaires were administered in 11 villages. The results revealed that agriculture, hunting and the collection or harvesting of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) were the major livelihood activities carried out by the local population. Most respondents (51%) farm sizes were between 0.5 to 3 hectares and crops cultivated were; cocoyams, plantains, potatoes, cassava, groundnut and maize. A total of 69% of the population were engaged in the collection and harvesting of NTFPs such as njansang (Ricinodendron heudoloti), bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis), bitter cola (Garcinia kola), colanut (Cola nitida). A majority of respondents (97%) collected the NTFPs for consumption and sale. It was shown that 53% of the collector earned at least 100,000XAF to 200,000XAF per year. With respect to hunting, a majority of respondents (87%) hunt for sale and consumption while 11% hunt just for sale. The studied communities depend highly on the forest and this has led to loss of biodiversity through habitat loss and fragmentation. Thus, adequate conservation management strategies are very instrumental for the improvement of biodiversity and livelihood in the corridor.
Rotator cuff repair with or without proximal end detachment for long head of the biceps tendon tenodesis
Authors: Mardani-Kivi Mohsen , Asadi Kamran , Izadi Amin , Leili Ehsan Kazemnejad
Published: March 2022

Background: Rotator cuff tears cause pathologies of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT). One of the surgical treatments for such a tear is LHBT tenodesis to the humerus. This study aims to compare simultaneous rotator cuff repair and LHBT tenodesis with or without detachment of the proximal end of the LHBT (PELHBT) from its site of adhesion to the glenoid.Methods: This retrospective study involved patients affected by LHBT pathology with rotator cuff tear. The patients were divided into two groups, with or without PELHBT detachment from the glenoid. Therapeutic outcomes were investigated by evaluation of patient satisfaction, pain based on visual analog scale, shoulder function based on Constant score and simple shoulder test, and biceps muscle strength based on the manual muscle testing grading system before surgery, at 6 months, and at the final visit after surgery.Results: Groups 1 and 2 comprised 23 and 26 patients, respectively, who showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics (p>0.05). Shoulder function, biceps muscle strength, pain, and satisfaction rate improved over time (p<0.05) but were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). No post-surgical complication was found in either group.Conclusions: There was no difference in final outcomes of tenodesis with or without detachment of the PELHBT from the supraglenoid tubercle. Such tendon detachment is not necessary.
Postoperative clinical outcomes and radiological healing according to deep and superficial layer detachment in first facet involving subscapularis tendon tear
Authors: Kim Jung-Han , Min Young-Kyoung , Park Man-Jun , Huh Jung-Wook , Park Jun-Ho
Published: March 2022

Background: Subscapularis tendon insertion at the first facet has separate layers (deep and superficial). The purpose of this study is to evaluate postoperative clinical outcomes and radiological healing according to each layer of detachment in the first facet involving subscapularis tendon tear.Methods: Eighty-three patients who underwent arthroscopic repair due to First facet involving the scapularis tendon tear accompanying small to medium sized posterosuperior cuff tear were classified into three groups (group A: deep layer partial detachment, group B: deep layer complete detachment, but no superficial layer detachment, and group C: deep layer and superficial layer complete detachment). Subscapularis tendon healing was evaluated using computed tomography arthrogram and clinical result was evaluated using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score, Constant score and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score.Results: Retear rate of the subscapularis tendon was 2.2%, 18.2%, and 33.3% in group A, group B, and group C, respectively. These rates showed statistically significant difference among the three groups, which were classified by deep and superficial layer detachment in the first facet (p=0.003). Group A showed significant difference in subscapularis tendon healing compared with group B and group C (p=0.018 and p<0.001, respectively), but there was no statistical difference between group B and group C (p=0.292). Regarding clinical outcomes, there was no significant difference among three groups in ASES and UCLA score at final follow-up (p=0.070 and p=0.106, respectively).Conclusions: Complete detachment of deep layer may be related with retear occurrence regardless with detachment of superficial layer, but clinical outcome may not be related with each layer detachment in the first facet involving subscapularis tendon tear.
Influence of Seed Dormancy, Viability and Different Pre-Sowing treatments on Germination and Seedling Vigour of Bauhinia Purpurea Linn.
Authors: Masilamani Poomaruthai , Yadav M. , Srivastava D.
Published: March 2022

The study aimed at investigating the seed dormancy, viability and effect of pre-sowing treatments on the germination and seedling vigour of Bauhunia purpurea seeds. The pre- sowing treatments were made up hot water treatment, electronic scarification, different concentration of Sulphuric acid, H2O2, KNO3, CaOCl2, Thoiurea along with control. Viability test were conducted after pre-sowing treatment along with control. The treated and control seeds were placed for germination in sand media. Results on viability test revealed that there was no significant difference on viability (96.60-97.70%) between the treatments tried. An twenty one days after sowing the result revealed that seeds soaked with hot water at 80oC for 10 minutes registered highest germination of 81 per cent followed by seed treated with CaOCl2 2% for 12 hrs (78%) and H2SO4 200ml/kg for 25 minutes (78%). The control seeds gave only 48 per cent germination. Vigour index values shows significant differences among the treatments. The highest vigour index values of 925 were recorded in the seeds soaked in hot water 80oC for 15 minutes. The lowest vigour index value of 384 was recorded in control treatment. The results showed that hot water soaking was the most effective, cheapest and environmentally safe pre-sowing treatment for the germination and seedling vigour of Bauhunia purpurea seeds.
Competency Level of Operators for Private Early Childhood Care and Education in Malaysia
Authors: Md Junus Noor Wahida , Abdul Karim Nor Suriya , Samat Nor Azah , Rajak Noorazrin Abdul , Shaharudin Milleana , Mustafa Mazlina Che , Yassin Sopia Md
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the level of competency of operators for private early childhood care and education (ECCE) across Malaysia, towards the development of carer-educator professional framework. The levels of competency included in this study are disposition, knowledge, skills and practices. In this study, quantitative research was conducted and 551 operators were randomly selected from various private ECCE across Malaysia. The ECCE includes children nursery (TASKA) and children preschool (TADIKA). Descriptive and inferential statistics based on one single t-test were applied to the survey data collected in order to answer the research objectives. In general, the study shows that all private ECCE operators have high level of competency in terms of disposition, knowledge, skills and practices except for operators of TASKA and operators that manage both TASKA and TADIKA. This study is important as early childhood education such as TASKA and TADIKA are the places where the foundation of a child’s development and the first formal education for children begins. Future research will investigate the relationship between the level of competency and years of service and Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) professional qualification of the operators.
Portfolio Based Assessment in a Culturally Diverse ESL Classroom: Understanding Learners’ Autonomous Learning Practices
Authors: Baharom Nurbaizura , Abd Aziz Mohd Sallehhudin , Ismail Kemboja
Published: March 2022

Purpose – The promotion of portfolios and portfolio-based assessment in the teaching of writing skills is not a novel approach at both secondary and tertiary levels. Apart from the interest on the writing process, portfolio is popular because of its role in enabling variation of writing forms. Interestingly, with portfolio assessment, students’ actual classroom performance is facilitated and assessed by the teacher, making it a student – centered assessment, which is advantageous in disclosing more useful and effective information for teachers and students. Apart from being advanced as an significant and beneficial tool in teaching as well as testing in English as a foreign language, portfolio is also seen as an alternative assessment tool that enables opportunities for authentic, active language learning, and evaluation of student progress. In addition, as formative assessment, portfolio assessment is also regarded as a type that promotes learner autonomy. The use of portfolio evaluation and the promotion of independent learning among English as a Second Language (ESL) tertiary students of various ethnicities will be discussed in this study.Methodology – Data was acquired from two students via face-to-face interviews for this pilot project. They were selected through purposeful, and homogeneous sampling. Sociocultural theory and a re-conceptualized conception of learner autonomy are the study's research parameters.Findings – While preparing and completing their portfolio-based assessment, these participants did experience or practise the three sub aspects (motivational, affective, and metacognitive) of this psychological element of autonomy.Significance – Portfolio evaluation allows students to exercise autonomous learning in its various psychological sub aspects, according to the findings of this study. The findings are hoped to aid both English as a Second Language (ESL) instructors and students in their efforts to better understand and improve the teaching and learning of writing skills through the usage of a writing portfolio.
I-Think Mind Mapping: An Approach to Improve Students’ Interest and Motivation in Malaysian Nationhood Course at Universiti Utara Malaysia
Authors: Sham Rambely Nor Azlah , Ali Haniffa Mohamed , Mamat Rashidah , Paidi Zulhilmi
Published: March 2022

Malaysian Nationhood course is an introduction to the history of nation building that covers the period from pre-independence until the establishment of post-independence government policies. In addition, the course discusses the fundamental factors that have taken place in the development of Malaysian history and lists the factors that have been the turning point in the country's history. This course is very important in building a new generation of Malaysians using history as the foundation of nation building. But the students' reactions gave the negative perception of the Malaysian Nationhood course by stating that it was a heavy subject, uninteresting, too many facts and boring lectures. As a result, they have reacted negatively when they were in the classroom. These include coming late to the class, skip class, talking during lectures, reading other course notes, looking at cell phones and often falling asleep. To overcome this problem, the I-Think mind mapping method is used in learning activities. Qualitative methods are applied through observation, activities using Mind Map and Focus Group Discussions. The results show that activities carried out through I-Think mind mapping have had a positive impact on increasing students' interest and motivation in this course. However, in this large-scale classroom, lecturers will need to diversify their teaching techniques and other teaching aids to keep students engaged in the lectures.
College Instructors’ Focus in the EFL Writing Classrooms: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Alharbi Ayed T.
Published: March 2022

EFL is one of the two most liberally funded academic streams in Saudi Arabia after science and technology. Universities across the country are replete with faculty that boast of enviable national and global exposure. Even so, learner standards, especially in writing skills, are way below those expected which highlights the need for rigorous research into what it is that drives the EFL teachers’ choices in the classrooms. This study carried out a systematic evaluation of teachers’ focus in the writing classes at Qassim University, with four parameters isolated for data collection: (i) writing approaches; (ii) writing performance; (iii) writing strategies, and (iv) writing skills. The study tool is a survey with 46 teachers engaged from undergraduate to research studies at the University. The findings showed that writing approaches were the highest focused variable among the EFL faculty followed by writing performance, writing strategies and lastly, writing skills. The findings showed the tendency of EFL teachers to focus on areas that do not directly help in developing their learners' ability in writing and hence, EFL teachers/ instructors’ need to focus on the practical side of the writing skills and providing adequate exposure to their learners in group, pair and individual tasks to master the writing skills. Finally, assessment needs to focus on measuring the practical side of the learners’ knowledge rather than blindly testing them on their ability to reproduce their learning.
La protection sociale dans le secteur de la culture et de la création
Authors: Stern-Plaza Maya , Licata Margherita , Galián Carlos ,   International Labour Organization. Sectoral Policies Department
Published: March 2022

Ce document de travail s'appuie sur la Déclaration du centenaire de l'OIT pour l'avenir du travail, 2019, qui invite l'OIT à orienter ses efforts vers "le développement et le renforcement des systèmes de protection sociale, qui sont adéquats, durables et adaptés aux évolutions du monde du travail." En particulier, le document examine les cadres politiques et juridiques dans certains pays qui ont poursuivi des solutions spécifiques pour étendre la sécurité sociale dans le secteur de la création et de la culture, afin d'identifier les points d'entrée et les mécanismes permettant d'étendre la couverture. Les options politiques garantissant l'adéquation et la durabilité de ces systèmes sont discutées, en tenant compte des circonstances particulières de l'emploi dans le secteur, telles que le statut d'emploi fluctuant, les revenus irréguliers, la nature intermittente du travail et la mobilité géographique. Le document situe également la discussion dans le cadre de la pandémie COVID-19, offrant un aperçu des mesures de protection sociale mises en place par les gouvernements dans le secteur culturel et créatif.
ENDÜSTRİYEL ALAN ÇALIŞANLARININ COVİD-19 ANTİVİRAL AŞILARI HAKKINDA BİLGİ DÜZEYİ VE TERCİHLERİ- AYDIN ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Gül Özlem , ONAY Emine
Published: March 2022

Amaç: COVID-19 Pandemi süreci, endüstriyel alan çalışanlarının yaşamın sürdürülmesi adına ne kadar önemli insanlar olduğunu ortaya koymuş, pandemi sürecinde bu kritik insan gücünün tutum ve davranışları da önemsenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, endüstriyel alan çalışanlarının COVID-19 antiviral aşıları hakkında bilgi durumları ve tercihlerinin, Aydın Ortaklar Organize Sanayi Bölgesi örneği üzerinden değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki araştırmada örneklem seçilmeyerek, belirlenen evrende aşılama programında aşılanan çalışanlardan tümüne ulaşılmak hedeflenmiştir. 512 çalışana 15.11.2021-15.01.2022 tarihleri arasında ulaşılmış olup, anket uygulanmıştır. Bağımsız değişkenler ile bağımlı değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için t- testi ile ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel önemlilik için p<0,05 kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaklaşık, %50,4’ü erkek ve %45,1 ile ilkokul mezunu dur. Araştırmaya katılan personelin yaş aralığı %35,5 ile 35-44 yaştır. Sinovac veya Biontech aşısının tercih edilme durumuna bakıldığında ortalama 2,78 kişi sinovac aşısını, 3,75 kişi de biontech aşısını yaptırmak istediği tespit edilmiştir. Yaşın ve eğitim durumunun bilgi durumu ve tercih nedeni üzerindeki etkisi incenmiş ve 35-44 yaş arasında yer alan katılımcıların puan ortalaması (3,45) diğer yaş gruplarına göre ve lise mezunlarının puan ortalaması (3,50) diğer eğitim gruplarına göre anlamlı oranda yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: Topluma aşılarla ilgili eğitim durumu ve yaş grubuna uygun eğitimlerin düzenlenmesi, pandemilerle mücadeleye önemli katkı sağlayacaktır. Yeni çalışmalarda aşı karşıtlığı ve aşı direnci ile ilgili değişkenlerin de değerlendirilmesi önemli görülmektedir.
Sejarah Pendidikan Pesantren
Authors: Hasanah Atin
Published: March 2022

This paper will reveal the role of pesantren in shaping traditions in Indonesia. it has a distinctive pattern, which is the result of creativity in translating the heritage of two traditions at once, the West and the Middle East. The focus of the problem will be directed at Islamic boarding schools and Kyai. The formulations discussed are First, what are the roots of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, which make them cultural brokers? Second, how can pesantren become an established educational institution in the contestation of education in Indonesia in this modern era? Third, what is the form of the Islamic boarding school cultural broker in responding to the phenomenon of modernity in Indonesia? The approach used in discussing the formulation of the problem above is Postcolonial using the concept of Edward Said. From Said's approach and theoretical concept, the formulation of the problem above can be concluded first, the scientific root of pesantren is Islam during the Walisongo period. Second, Islamic boarding school education has become stable and established due to the emergence of the nation-state century. Third, there are two forms of cultural brokers from pesantren, namely pesantren and Kyai figures.
A római csontfaragványok kutatásának történeti áttekintés.
Authors: T. Bíró Mária
Published: March 2022

A tanulmány rövid összegzése a legutóbbi 30 év csontfaragvány kutatásainak. Az utóbbi években körvonalazódtak azok a leletcsoportok, amelyek minden provinciában megtalálhatók, és mára meghatározhatóvá váltak azok a tárgytípusok, amelyeknél tovább éltek a római hódítás előtti lakosság hagyományai.
Das römische Bad von Scarbantia
Authors: Fényes Gabriella
Published: March 2022

Im Jahre 1954 wurde ein Teil eines römischen Bades in Sopron freigelegt. Die ausgegrabenen Überreste konnten als Caldarium, Tepidarium und als Wirtschaftsräume identifiziert werden. Die Badeanlage entstand laut den hier gefundenen Ziegelstempel in der Regierungszeit von Antoninus Pius. Falls man entgegen dieser These mit dem Bau schon früher begann, wurden die Bauarbeiten zumindest in dieser Zeit fortgesetzt bzw. beendet. Das Fundmaterial ist charakteristisch fiir das 2.-3. Jahrhundert n. Chr.
Állatcsontok Hajdúnánás avar temetőjéből
Authors: Daróczi-Szabó László
Published: March 2022

A hajdúnánási temető 10 sírjában találtak állatcsontokat, egy sírban pedig teljes lócsontváz feküdt (1. táblázat). A csontok rendkívül rossz állapota alapján feltételezhető, hogy a temető többi sírjába eltemetettek mellé is tettek húsmellékletet.
Kora vaskori temető Fertőrákos-Kőhidai dűlőn
Authors: Durkovic Éva
Published: March 2022

A kora vaskori Hallstatt-kultúra északkelet-alpi csoportjának ismeretéhez az északnyugat-dunántúli lelőhelyek számos jelentős adalékkal szolgálnak. A Sopron-vár helyi magaslati település és temető környezetében újabban több fontos leletegyüttes vált ismertté. Ug)>anakkor a már feltárt, de még nem közölt leletek jelentősége sem hanyagolható el. A Fertörákos-Kőhidai dűlőn előkerült kora vaskori temető 13 hamvasztott sírját Pusztai Rezső 1970-ben leletmentette a helyibánya területén. A Ha B/C fordulójától a Ha C időszak első felére keltezhető leletek azonban csupán a temető egy részletét képviselik. A feltáró szerint a temetőt összesen kb. 60 sír alkotta, amelyből azonban a modern bolygatás a sírok többségét elpusztította. A temető végső fázisának meghatározása bizonytalan, a fennmaradt sírok a Ha Cl/2 fordulójára Ha C2 kezdetére utalnak. Pate к E. afertörákosi sírokat síktemetőként értelmezte, azonban a 10. számú sírt övező kőgyűrű alapján a halmos temetkezés megléte sem zárható ki.
Tudományos ülésszak Méri István születésének 100. évfordulója alkalmából
Authors: Fodor István
Published: March 2022

A Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum és a Magyar Régészeti és Művészettörténeti Társulat 1911. október 20-án tudományos tanácskozást rendezett a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Dísztermében a magyar régészeti falukutatás megteremtője, Méri István (1911 - 1976) születésének 100. évfordulója alkalmából. A konferenciát Csorba László, a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum főigazgatója nyitotta meg, amelyen összesen 12 előadás hangzott el. Az alább következő dolgozatok zömmel itt hangzottak el, ám egyrészt az előadások írott változatai a későbbiekben nem készültek el, másrészt pedig Méri István pályaképének hitelesebb megrajzolásához más szakembereket is felkértünk. így gyűlt csokorba az a hét tanulmány, amelyek az itt következő blokkot alkotják. Remélhetően alkalmasak arra, hogy rövid áttekintést adjanak a kiváló szakember, Méri István életéről és gazdag munkásságáról, s felhívják a magyar régész szakemberek figyelmét tudományos tevékenységének úttörővoltára s máig ható érvényességére.
Méri István az ember és a tudós
Authors: Kovalovszki Júlia
Published: March 2022

Méri István rövid életrajza. Szegényparaszti család gyermeke, 1932-fől restaurátor a Nemzeti Múzeumban, 1942-44-ben Kolozsvárott az Erdélyi Tudományos Intézet munkatársa. Az egyetemet Budapesten és Kolozsvárott végzi el, 1948-ban Szegeden doktorál. A háború után Budapesten dolgozik a Teleki Intézetben, majd a Nemzeti Múzeumban nyugdíjaztatásáig. 1948-49-ben a Túrkeve-mórici későközépkori falu területén végez ásatásokat, 1950-51-ben pedig először tár fel Magyarországon Árpád-kori falutelepülést, s ezzel alapozza meg a középkori faluásatás módszertanát a magyar régészetben. Később Orosháza-Kardoskúton tár fe l Árpád-kori falut, de jelentősek középkori egyházi épületeken végzet feltárásai és várkutatásai is.
Bartosiewicz László – Gál Erika: Shuffling Nags, Lame Ducks. The Archaeology of Animal Disease
Authors: Bárány Annamária
Published: March 2022

A Shuffling Nags, Lame Ducks a régészeti ásatások során feltárt állatcsontokon megfigyelhető elváltozások vizsgálatával, a paleopathologiával foglalkozó, sokoldalúan megírt, hiánypótló könyv. A régészeti állattannal foglalkozó szakemberek számára alapvető funkciójú, hiszen eligazítást nyújt a csontokon látható elváltozások azonosítására, emellett leírja azok kialakulásának lehetséges okait, kórtörténetét, ismerteti a kiváltó kórokozókat, környezeti hatásokat.
Considerations on the lithic assemblages from the Szeleta cave
Authors: Markó András
Published: March 2022

The Szeleta cave was the first excavated Palaeolithic site in Hungary. The artefacts were scattered along the layer sequence and very few of them were excavated in thin, discrete layers. After the general review of the available documentation and some questions of site formation, four assemblages are analysed in the present paper, all excavated in the so-called hearth levels in the entrance and the main hall of the cave. The variability of the used raw materials and the typological differences makes possible to describe several types of industries, but none of these was a typical Szeletian assemblage.
Legkisebb költségű úthálózatok modellezése síkvidéki környezetben a neolitikumtól a középkorig
Authors: Mesterházy Gábor
Published: March 2022

A tanulmány arra keres választ, hogy hogyan járulnak hozzá a legkisebb költségű útszámítások a településmintázatokról, emberek és javak mozgásáról alkotott képünkhöz síkvidékek esetében, ahol az úthálózatot közvetlenül befolyásolták a vízszintváltozások. Első lépésben egy árvíz- és csapadékhullási modell segítségével rekonstruálja a lehetséges útvonalakat, majd különböző költségfedvényeket alkot a száraz és nedves periódusokra. Végül az úthálózat változásainak rekonstrukciójára a régészeti anyag figyelembe vételével kerül sor.
Jászberény-Alsómuszáj honfoglalás kori lelőhely „B” sírjának embertani vizsgálata
Authors: Szeniczey Tamás , Hajdu Tamás
Published: March 2022

A tanulmány a jászberény-alsómuszáji magyar honfoglalás kori lelőhely B sírjában nyugvó halott fizikai antropológiai elemzésének eredményeit adja közre. Elemzésünk a megmaradt koponyára és két femurra terjed ki.
Nagykálló-Harangod (M3-59) középső neolitikus település állatcsontanyaga
Authors: Bárány Annamária
Published: March 2022

Nagykálló-Harangod középső neolitikus objektumaiból 966 darab meghatározható állatcsonttöredék származott. Az előkerült állatcsontok öt háziemlős fajhoz és hat vademlős fajhoz tartoznak. A háziállatok közül a szarvasmarha és a kiskérődzők csontjai közel egyforma arányban, a sertés- és kutyacsontok nagyon kis számban kerültek elő. A településen feltárt öt, földbe mélyített régészeti jelenség mind a fajösszetételt, mind a töredékek számát tekintve a település legnagyobb leletsűrűségű objektumai közé tartozik.
Non-destructive analysis of bronze objects from Füzesabony-Öregdomb
Authors: Maróti Boglárka , Harsányi Ildikó , Kasztovszky Zsolt
Published: March 2022

Chemical composition of bronze findings from the Füzesabony-Öregdomb hoard and gold stray finds from Füzesabony were determined using non-destructive methods. The main components of the bronze objects are copper and tin, with small amount of nickel and lead. The latter objects are made predominantly of gold with 16–23 weight percent silver.
II. Justinus follisa Aquincumból
Authors: Juhász Lajos
Published: March 2022

A Byzantine follis minted by Justin II in Cyzicus came to light thanks to metal detectors in 2013 in the western part of the civil town of Aquincum. Such finds are rare in Hungary, especially with findspot, but specifically this type has never been found in the Carpathian-basin before. The folles of Justin II are the most common, but still only 18 were previously known from this territory. This coin is the first Byzantine follis from Aquincum, but despite its GPS locations, nothing can be stated about the context, which was disturbed.
A gesztesi kisvár és leletanyaga
Authors: Kovács Gina Bianka
Published: March 2022

A gesztesi vár tövében egy kisebb középkori épület található, melyet kisvárnak neveznek. A korábbi feltételezések szerint ez lehetett a Csák nemzetség Árpád-kori eredetű vára, mely a ma álló gesztesi vár előzménye volt. A kisvár területén Feld István vezetésével 2003-ban, majd 2005-ben és 2006-ban végzett feltárások azonban eltérő eredményeket hoztak. Egy 15. századi, háromosztatú épület került elő, melyben egykor kettő, kályhacsempékből és kályhaszemekből álló kályha is állt. Jelen tanulmány az ásatások leletanyagát adja közre.
An Overview of US Commercial Space Legislation and Policies — Present and Future
Authors: Salin Patrick-André
Published: March 2022

The United States is the predominant space power on earth, due to its sheer economic, technological and political might. But the business dimension does not explain the whole story. The United States also administers a full-fledged body of space laws and regulations that is unchallenged in volume, sophistication, and coherence by any other nation, or group of nations on earth. This article will present to the reader an overview of the main legal documents that constitute the present body of US space laws and regulations. It will not delve deeply into the indirect legislation and/or regulations that accompany specific space laws; rather, it will only refer to them, sufficiently enough to provide the reader with elements for further research. It also includes Congress Bills that are currently under discussion in order to illustrate the probable evolution of the US space legal framework in the future months, provided these Bills are enacted into law. This presentation also touches upon defense legislation since traditional boundaries between commercial and military space activities are now obsolete. The purpose of such a fresco is to indicate what other space powers ought to do in order to participate more actively in the shaping of the future world of Outer Space affairs. This presentation will be updated on a periodical basis in order to keep the reader informed of the evolution of the US space legal and regulatory framework. This information is up-to-date as of 1 March 2002.
War and Terrorism Insurance: How to Promote Long-Term International Stability and Affordability
Authors: Caplan Harold
Published: March 2022

The December 2002 issue of this journal was dedicated to an examination of the varied responses of governments and aviation insurers following September 11, 2001. This article builds on those experiences to suggest that the leading economies of the world can lay foundations for a comprehensive international structure of stable and affordable insurance for War and Terrorism risks covering all classes of personal and commercial insurance business – not limited to any one sector such as aviation, marine, energy, automobile, property, life etc.

Making best use of existing resources will require a permanent partnership between States and the insurance/reinsurance communities using the age-old practice of spreading risk as widely as possible (Appendix A). These principles are embodied in a Draft Convention (Appendix B) – submitted as a focus for discussion and implementation based on the concept of insured Sovereign Risks i.e. the risks to civilians, commerce and private property in general, arising out of acts by or against States.
EC Aviation Scene (No. 1: 2005)
Authors: Dolan Stephen
Published: March 2022

This update covers the principal EC aviation law developments from September 2004 to January 2005, and attempts as far as practicable to use terminology and subject headings identical to those used in previous updates.