bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Cold-Air Outbreaks and Oceanic Lateral Fluxes on Dense-Water Formation in the Greenland Sea from a 10-Year Moored Record (1999–2009)
Authors: Svingen Kristin , Brakstad Ailin , Våge Kjetil , von Appen Wilken-Jon , Papritz Lukas
Published: March 2023

The Greenland Sea produces a significant portion of the dense water from the Nordic seas that supplies the lower limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Here, we use a continuous 10-yr hydrographic record from moored profilers to examine dense-water formation in the central Greenland Sea between 1999 and 2009. Of primary importance for dense-water formation is air–sea heat exchange, and 60%–80% of the heat lost to the atmosphere during winter occurs during intense, short-lived events called cold-air outbreaks (CAOs). The long duration and high temporal resolution of the moored record has for the first time facilitated a statistical quantification of the direct impact of CAOs on the wintertime mixed layer in the Greenland Sea. The mixed layer development can be divided into two phases: a cooling phase and a deepening phase. During the cooling phase (typically between November and January), CAOs cooled the mixed layer by up to 0.08 K day−1, depending on the intensity of the events, while the mixed layer depth remained nearly constant. Later in winter (February–April), heat fluxes during CAOs primarily led to mixed layer deepening of up to 38 m day−1. Considerable variability was observed in the mixed layer response, indicating that lateral fluxes of heat and salt were also important. The magnitude and vertical distributions of these fluxes were quantified, and idealized mixed layer simulations suggest that their combined effect is a reduction in the mixed layer depth at the end of winter of up to several hundred meters.
Racial Inequality in Work Environments
Authors: Zhang Letian
Published: March 2023

This article explores racial stratification in work environments. Inequality scholars have long identified racial disparities in wage and occupational attainment, but workers’ careers and well-being are also shaped by elements of their work environment, including firm culture, managerial style, and work-life balance. I theorize two processes that could lead to racial inequality in firms’ work environments: (1) employee sorting due to exclusionary practices, and (2) spillover from racial differences in occupation and geographic location. To test this, I gathered a unique firm-level dataset composed of one million employee reviews, covering most large and medium-sized firms in the United States. I show that firms with more Black employees score lower for managerial quality, firm culture, and work-life balance, and firms with more Asian employees score higher on these dimensions. However, Asian employees’ advantage disappears when controlling for occupation, industry, and geography, whereas Black employees’ disadvantage persists, suggesting that the process of firm-level employee sorting is at work. Consistent with this, I find that Black employees’ disadvantage is strongest in areas with more conservative racial attitudes and more prevalent workplace racial discrimination. I then replicated the main findings using two entirely different data sources. Together, these results underscore racial inequality in work environments, an overlooked but important dimension of workplace inequality.
Diagnosis and Contemporary Management of Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Rayman Shlomi , Jacoby Harel , Guenoun Kawtar , Oliphant Uretz , Nelson Daniel , Kaiser Andreas , Sucandy Iswanto
Published: March 2023

Background

Acute pancreatitis is a common diagnosis which requires a prompt diagnosis and management by a multidisciplinary team with often general surgeons as the initial provider. Morbidity and mortality from an acute pancreatitis can be very high, especially in patients with a progressive worsening acute pancreatitis developing into pancreatic necrosis in the setting of multiple underlying medical comorbidities.

Purpose

In this review paper, we discuss all aspects of acute pancreatitis and its potential complications, as well providing updates in the modern management of necrotizing pancreatitis. Practicing general surgeons need to be aware of the evolution in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Research Design

We conducted a review of literature of evidence and management options for acute pancreatitis, including all published manuscripts from 2012 to 2022.

Results

Diagnosis and management of this disease can vary among specialiaties. The decision to utilize a percutaneous or endoscopic techniques are relevant points of discussion within general surgery and gastroenterology societies. In the past decade, the use of advanced endoscopic interventions has slowly replaced conventional open surgery in managing complications of acute severe pancreatitis.

Conclusion

Acute pancreatitis is a disease which requires multidisciplinary approach with evolving treatment options to less invasive nonsurgical methods.
Nasopharyngeal Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma—Master of Masquerade
Authors: D’Oliveiro Jo-Lynn Jean , Chong Aun Wee
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

To highlight a case of nasopharyngeal Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (REAH) in a female patient with chronic nasal block.

Methods:

A single case report of a female patient with the diagnosis of REAH, detailing her presenting symptoms, clinical findings, management and follow up.

Results:

Histopathological assessment of the excised nasopharyngeal polyp was consistent with a diagnosis of REAH with a discussion on the disease and its current literature reviews.

Conclusion:

The incidence of REAH within the nasopharynx remain rare with only few cases described in literature, especially in females.
Adaptive unknown input observer-based detection and identification method for intelligent transportation under malicious attack
Authors: Cheng PengFei , Pan Jinyan , Zhang Yi
Published: March 2023

This paper aims at developing a novel detection and identification method against malicious attacks in intelligent transportation. Due to the development and applications of communication and advanced sensor technologies, intelligent transportation has faced new safety risks. In particular, the emerging malicious attacks, such as false data injection attack, can mask the destruction of physical dynamic by tampering with information in layer to fool the current detection methods. Because of this reason, an adaptive unknown input observer-based detection and identification method is developed. Firstly, a physical dynamics model of vehicle networking system is established by considering the actual physical state. Considering the spoofing characteristics of false data injection attack, an unknown input observer-based detection method is proposed. Through the design of adaptive unknown input observer parameters, the detection performance, can be improved by cutting down the state estimation error. Compared with the UIO-based detection method, simulations demonstrate that the false positive rate can be reduced 0.1%. Based on the feature of state residuals that is not sensitive to the attacked ith residual, but sensitive to other residuals, a novel identification criterion is developed. At last, simulation experiments on the Matlab verify the performance of the proposed detection and identification algorithm in intelligent transportation system.
Robust high-precision tracking control for a class of nonlinear piezoelectric micropositioning systems with time-varying uncertainties
Authors: Li Long , Kang Shengzheng , Bai Dongming , Wu Hongtao , Yu Jiangli
Published: March 2023

Piezoelectric micropositioning systems (PMSs) have been widely utilized in the high-precision manipulation applications, but are also subjected to undesired nonlinearities, like hysteresis, and parameter uncertainties. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new robust sliding mode control scheme for a class of nonlinear PMSs with time-varying uncertainties. Different from the conventional sliding mode control (SMC), the proposed controller further combines the Fourier series-based function estimation technique, fuzzy logic system and adaptive learning algorithm to realize online estimation and compensation of system time-varying uncertainties without their boundary information. The adaptive laws of Fourier coefficients and fuzzy adjustable parameters are obtained via the Lyapunov stability theory. Compared with the existing SMC methods, the proposed control effectively eliminates the control chattering problem, and guarantees the convergence of the tracking error in finite time in the presence of time-varying uncertainties. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can meet the high-speed, high-precision robust tracking performance requirements of PMSs for micro/nano-manipulation applications.
Psychological distress in community-dwelling individuals living with severe and persistent mental illness
Authors: Collins Jack C , Ng Ricki , McMillan Sara S , Hu Jie , O’Reilly Claire L , Wheeler Amanda J , El-Den Sarira
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

To explore psychological distress levels, using the validated Kessler 6 (K6), as well as the relationship between demographics and K6 scores, and incidence of mental health crises in a cohort of community-dwelling people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI).

Methods:

People living with SPMI taking antipsychotic or mood stabiliser medications were recruited from Australian community pharmacies between September 2020 and Februrary 2021 and completed an electronic survey, including the K6 scale. Pharmacists were interviewed and supplied written reports with details of the consultation when participants obtained ‘very high’ (⩾19/30) K6 scores. Records were reviewed and coded by an independent coder. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine predictors of K6 scores.

Results:

The median K6 score was 16/30 (IQR = 11,21; range = 6–30). Younger age, unemployment and multimorbid mental health diagnoses were significant predictors of higher K6 scores ( p < .01; R2 = .24). Fifty-nine (39.3%) consumers scored ⩾19, of which 25/59 (42.4%) were reported to be exhibiting signs of psychological distress and none were experiencing mental health crises.

Conclusion:

People living with SPMI have high levels of psychological distress as measured by the K6. Further work is needed to understand the prevalence, extent, precipitating factors and impact of psychological distress in people living with SPMI.
An Ethnographic Model of Stress and Stress Management in Two Canadian Inuit Communities
Authors: Collings Peter , Ready Elspeth , Medina-Ramírez Oswaldo M.
Published: March 2023

As part of the first stage of a community-based participatory research project with two communities in the Canadian Arctic—Kangiqsujuaq, Nunavik, and Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories—we conducted 57 interviews eliciting residents’ perceptions of pressing issues facing their communities, problems affecting health and wellbeing, and how researchers or other organized groups could help alleviate those problems. A recurrent theme that emerged during these interviews was having “no one to talk to.” Here, we focus on understanding why communication was a central theme using a grounded-theory approach to develop a model of Inuit stress management. Inuit in both Kangiqsujuaq and Ulukhaktok codify stress as isumaaluttuq, or excess worry, which often manifests physically and leads to social withdrawal. Because stress is believed to accumulate in the body, managing it involves decisions about whether to “Get It Out” or “Keep It In.” Keep It In is a potentially dangerous strategy because, if the problem does not resolve itself, accumulated stress may have harmful consequences. Inuit viewed talking to others as the most effective means to Get It Out, but respondents also identified numerous barriers to doing so. One important reason for this is that stress is transferable: Talking to others about a problem potentially increases the burden of stress on them. Consequently, Inuit may choose to Keep It In to avoid the potential negative consequences (for others or for oneself) of sharing bad thoughts. Based on this preliminary model, we consider questions for further inquiry and implications for community-based mental health programming in Inuit communities.
Lost in Translation in the Study of Mentoring 17 Years Later
Authors: Orland-Barak Lily
Published: March 2023

In this article I describe and reflect on my evolving undestandings of the study of mentoring since the publication of the 2005 article in the Journal of Teacher Education. My reflective journey suggests stressing two assertions to the study of mentoring. One, that there is a need to develop a more multidimensional and integrated conception of mentoring which draws on integrated models of mentoring and focuses on mentor-mentee/s dyadic and collaborative interactions as units of analyis and interpretation. Two, that we should go deeper into how mentors’ sense-making of being ‘lost or found in translation’ as agents of change operates within complex fields of interaction, at multiple policy, personal and interpersonal levels. Thus. a curriculum for learning to mentor should also include contents related to policy learning. I elaborate on these undestandings throughout the paper.
Informing the design of a multistakeholder platform in Ghana using stakeholder analysis and social network analysis
Authors: Aremu T. B. , Freeman C. Y. , Laamari A. , Iddrisu Y. , Atakora W. K. , Bindraban P. S.
Published: March 2023

The fertiliser value chain in Ghana faces many challenges that limit its potential contribution to food production and food security in the country. This has necessitated discussions on the need to establish a multi-stakeholder platform to address existing value chain challenges. In preparation for this platform, this study conducted 31 interviews and identified 24 stakeholder groups in the fertiliser value chain using stakeholder analysis and social network analysis. We found that while many of the public sector stakeholders have a lot of power and show high interest in the fertiliser value chain, they usually face resource constraints in exercising their duties. Conversely, a majority of the private sector stakeholders have a high interest in fertilisers but do not have much power to influence decisions. Also, development partners are very powerful and resourceful, but practically, they have a temporary presence in the value chain. The study subsequently combined the results from stakeholder analysis and social network analysis and identified 19 critical stakeholders out of the initial 24 who can highly influence the initial planning and subsequent success of the platform. Lastly, the study identified challenges that the platform may face and the conditions to put in place to avoid/address these identified challenges. Overall, the study concludes that if the identified critical stakeholders are engaged and the platform clearly outlines its objectives and vision, it can address the challenges in the fertiliser value chain, contribute to the development of the general agriculture sector and improve food production and food security in Ghana.
Framing stigma as an avoidable social harm that widens inequality
Authors: Addison Michelle
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the social harms arising out of stigma experienced by people who use drugs (PWUD), and how stigmatisation compromises ‘human flourishing’ and constrains ‘life choices’. Drawing on Wellcome Trust qualitative research using in-depth, semi-structured interview data ( N = 24) with people who use heroin, crack cocaine, spice and amphetamine, this article firstly provides insight into how stigma is operationalised relationally between people via a lens of class talk and drug use predicated on normative ideas of ‘valued personhood’. Secondly, it turns to how stigma is weaponised in social relations to keep people ‘down’, and thirdly, it shows how stigma is internalised as blame and shame and felt deeply ‘under the skin’ as ‘ugly feelings’. Findings from the study show that stigma harms mental health, inhibits access to services, increases feelings of isolation, and corrodes a person’s sense of self-worth as a valued human being. These relentless negotiations of stigma are painful, exhausting and damaging for PWUD, culminating in, as I argue, everyday acts of social harm that come to be normalised.
‘People just dae wit they can tae get by’: Exploring the half-life of deindustrialisation in a Scottish community
Authors: Clark Andy
Published: March 2023

This article practically applies Sherry-Lee Linkon’s ‘half-life of deindustrialisation’ thesis in examining a deindustrialising Scottish community. Linkon contends that, while the most visibly toxic impacts of deindustrialisation have dissipated over time, its lingering effects continue to cause harm in more subtle ways. Utilising qualitative research from a national study on the community impacts of organised crime, I consider the ways in which the long-term legacies of deindustrialisation and disinvestment manifest in the lived experiences of residents of Tunbrooke (pseudonym). I assess three areas where Linkon’s half-life can be observed in Tunbrooke: the physical environment; poverty, addiction and mental ill-health; and external stigmatisation. I argue that, for those living in Tunbrooke, these processes shape their day-to-day lives, along with the omnipresent threat posed by organised crime and regular episodes of violence. However, rather than passively accepting this, there is opposition to the external view of the locality as ‘a violent shithole’, with an emphasis on the kinship and solidarity through adversity. I argue that the responses of Tunbrooke residents are framed through a lasting communal working-class identity, which has been strengthened as the area experienced the fallout of the half-life of deindustrialisation and the recent impacts of political austerity.
Settlement policy in an Israeli mixed city: A typology of displacement and its resistance
Authors: Shmaryahu-Yeshurun Yael
Published: March 2023

Urban Studies from the Global North highlight the physical displacement of lower-income residents as urban development policies’ central transgression. However, looking only at the class-physical angle of displacement narrows our understanding of other aspects of power relations in space. This research focuses on Israel’s policy encouraging the settlement of middle-class Zionist associations in the city of Lydda. The study argues that in a state of ethnonational conflict, displacement has various manifestations: physical, political, religious, cultural and especially ethnonational. This policy causes long-term residents both hardships and benefits depending on their religious, ethnonational and class affiliations. Therefore, residents express different intensities and patterns of support, ambivalence, or resistance towards the policy. This study suggests a typology of displacement and its implications for different patterns of resistance. Moreover, it calls for scholarly recognition of displacement beyond physical and class aspects.
Factors Influencing Parent and Guardian Decisions on Vaccinating Their Children Against SARS-CoV-2: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nickerson Andrea , Gutierrez-Mock Luis , Buback Laura , Welty Susie , Anicete Lynhea M. , Sanchez Sabrina , Enanoria Wayne T.A. , Reid Mike
Published: March 2023

This qualitative analysis sought to explore factors that influenced parent/guardian intentions to vaccinate their children against SARS-CoV-2 in San Francisco, California, USA in order to inform San Francisco Department of Public Health’s (SFDPH) youth vaccine rollout program. 30-minute, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with parents and guardians in either Spanish or English. Respondents shared their perspectives on vaccinating their children against SARS-CoV-2. Interviews were conducted over the telephone and recorded on Zoom. Participants (n = 40) were parents/guardians responding on behalf of their adolescent children (age 13+) and parents/guardians identified from the SFDPH COVID-19 testing database who tested for SARS-CoV-2 within the last 2 weeks. Interviews were conducted, audio recorded, transcribed, translated into English as appropriate, and rapidly analyzed in REDCap according to matrix analysis methodology to develop parent study themes. Perspectives on child vaccination were then explored through thematic analysis. Three themes were identified from the thematic analysis: (1) parental desires for children to return to school safely, (2) unclear messaging and information on COVID-19 prevention and vaccination, and (3) consideration of child’s desires or opinions on receiving the vaccine. This study highlights specific factors influencing parent/guardian decisions on whether to vaccinate their children against SARS-CoV-2. The analysis also illustrates a potential role for children to play in influencing household vaccine decision-making.
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Psychological Changes of Medical Personnel in Hospitals Who Experienced Special COVID-19 Situations
Authors: Sun Hwa Yeon , Yan Xiao Guang , Yoo Byung Wook
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to an increase in mental health issues; Psychological changes occur in health professionals who are more susceptible to infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate health professionals’ levels of anxiety, rage, and depression in COVID-related special circumstances. A general hospital in Korea experienced a widespread COVID-19 outbreak. There was a total of 149 involved frontline and non-frontline health professionals surveyed. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, General Anxiety Disorder-7, and Korean Screening Tool for Depressive Disorders were utilized in the evaluation of their rage, anxiety, and depression. Anxiety and depression were found to be significantly higher among health professionals by occupation than among non-health professionals. Frontline workers were more depressed than non-frontline workers, according to type of work. These psychological changes can cause PTSD, so it is necessary to check and care for the mental health of health care workers working in medical institutions in the event of mass infections. These issues have been confirmed through studies related to the occurrence of mass infections such as SARS and MERS that the occurrence of mass infections can cause PTSD. The findings proved that the COVID-19 pandemic had a psychological impact on healthcare workers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical to raise awareness of post-traumatic stress disorder among healthcare professionals.
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in a sub-Saharan African country
Authors: Nkwabong Elie , Atangana Mvodo Dorine , Fouedjio Jeanne
Published: March 2023

Our case-control study aimed at identifying the risk factors (RFs) for ectopic pregnancy (EP), and was carried out between 1st February and 31st May, 2019. Women who had EP were compared to those without EP. Out of 3421 pregnancies, 93 (2.7%) had EP. Independent RFs were previous EP, past history of infertility, first sexual encounter <15 years, past history of chlamydia infection,  ≥ 3 sexual partners, use of levonorgestrel based emergency contraceptive pill, and unemployment. Girls should be counselled concerning these RFs and specifically against early sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partnership.
A Testlet Diagnostic Classification Model with Attribute Hierarchies
Authors: Ma Wenchao , Wang Chun , Xiao Jiaying
Published: March 2023

In this article, a testlet hierarchical diagnostic classification model (TH-DCM) was introduced to take both attribute hierarchies and item bundles into account. The expectation-maximization algorithm with an analytic dimension reduction technique was used for parameter estimation. A simulation study was conducted to assess the parameter recovery of the proposed model under varied conditions, and to compare TH-DCM with testlet higher-order CDM (THO-DCM; Hansen, M. (2013). Hierarchical item response models for cognitive diagnosis (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). UCLA; Zhan, P., Li, X., Wang, W.-C., Bian, Y., & Wang, L. (2015). The multidimensional testlet-effect cognitive diagnostic models. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 47(5), 689. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2015.00689 ). Results showed that (1) ignoring large testlet effects worsened parameter recovery, (2) DCMs assuming equal testlet effects within each testlet performed as well as the testlet model assuming unequal testlet effects under most conditions, (3) misspecifications in joint attribute distribution had an differential impact on parameter recovery, and (4) THO-DCM seems to be a robust alternative to TH-DCM under some hierarchical structures. A set of real data was also analyzed for illustration.
Trash is a Problem! Building Students’ Connection to Their School Community
Authors: Morrison Judith A. , Malone Danielle , Sorensen Petersen Sara
Published: March 2023

The project described in this article focused on the school’s environment and students’ connections with the school. The project took place in a large, comprehensive high school with eight 12th grade students, one with intellectual disabilities, three with learning disabilities, two with autism spectrum disorders, and two with health impairments. Students learned to collect data, use an ArcGIS map for analysis, brainstormed and carried out methods to bring awareness about garbage on school grounds to the school community (using posters, announcements, and incentive points), and compared garbage quantity after a week of awareness. Students gained insight into how technology can be used to define a problem, strategies to communicate important issues, and the value of collecting and using data for decision-making. The strengths of this project were engaging students in an authentic school-based investigation while being introduced to new technology tools, learning about the impact they can have on their school, and increasing their connections to the schoolwide community.
Sex difference and socioeconomic inequality of underweight, overweight and obesity among adult population in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Md. Mehedi
Published: March 2023

Background: Due to rapid socioeconomic development and epidemiological transition, socioeconomic inequality of underweight, overweight, and obesity are becoming a public health concern in Bangladesh. There is a need for country-specific evidence of nutrition inequalities in Bangladesh. Aim: The aim of the study was to measure socioeconomic inequality and decomposition analysis along with the sex differences in underweight, overweight, and obesity among the adult population. Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed in the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017–18, a cross-sectional survey used a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. Sociodemographic variables including age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, marital status, and anthropometric data of height and weight were considered for analysis. Body mass index was used for defining underweight, overweight, and obesity. Concentration index (CI) and decomposition analysis were performed for underweight, overweight, and obesity. Results: The proportion of underweight was 15.0%, overweight (23.0%), and obese (5.0%). Underweight was higher in males, whereas overweight and obesity were higher in females. The CI of underweight was −0.121 ( p < 0.001), indicating socioeconomic inequality concentrated on lowering socioeconomic status; living in rural areas contributed 14.2% to this inequality. The CI of overweight and obesity was 0.213 ( p < 0.001) and 0.142 ( p < 0.001), respectively, indicating that inequalities of overweight and obesity concentrated in higher socioeconomic status; urban residency contributed 14.1% and 18.0% to socioeconomic inequality of overweight and obesity. Conclusion: Underweight remains a significant problem for poor people in rural areas, but overweight and obesity were highly prevalent in the higher socioeconomic status of urban areas. Education level and young age group significantly contribute to the socioeconomic inequality of malnutrition. A more detailed epidemiological study is required to understand the causes of socioeconomic disparities of nutritional status in Bangladesh.
The Calling of the Church in Ethiopia: A Conflicted Society
Authors: Knoetze Hannes , Wotango Henok
Published: March 2023

The current Ethiopian government established the ‘Identity and Boundary Affairs Commission’ in order to solve the conflicts that arise from identity and geographical boundary quests. It is believed that these conflicts are the effects of lack of real and holistic transformation. The word transformation has been put into use by various secular and faith-based organisations. However, real and holistic transformation is characterised by two qualities: True identity and true vocation of humanity. It is the lack of a clear understanding of identity and vocation that has affected the Ethiopian Kale Hiwot Church to witness the hope and new life in Christ. Furthermore, their eschatological position contributes significantly to their weak socio-economic involvements. The impact of these factors – identity, calling (vocation) and eschatology – influence the maturia of the church as well as their participation in the missio Dei to proclaim and establish the Kngdom of God.
A framework for the entrenchment of intellectual property (IP) information services in Zimbabwe's university libraries
Authors: Munyoro Jonathan , Machimbidza Takawira , Mutula Stephen
Published: March 2023

The study investigates the current status of Intellectual Property (IP) information services in Zimbabwe's university libraries. The study employed a quantitative approach. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 69 library professionals employed at 20 university libraries which are full members of the Zimbabwe University Libraries Consortium (ZULC). Findings show that the current focus of the surveyed institutions is on providing scientific research support services (18); disseminating/sharing university research output (14); and copyright activities (12). More specialised IP information services such as IP education and training, patent information services, IP consulting services, IP online service platforms, and web-based IP information services are largely unavailable in Zimbabwean university libraries. Results reveal that the underlying challenge in the development of IP information services in Zimbabwe's university libraries is insufficient IP knowledge among academic librarians, which is exacerbated by inadequate IP management frameworks in university institutions. The study proposes a framework for the entrenchment of IP information services in Zimbabwe's university libraries.
Breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Evidence for an efficient diagnostic workup
Authors: Vittoria Laura , Sala Laura , Summo Valeria , Capone Iolanda , Conca Elena , Toma Martina , Ottolenghi Joseph , Testa Francesca , Cortinovis Umberto , Paolini Biagio , Cabras Antonello , Aiello Antonella , Bozzi Fabio
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

During the last few years it has been shown that an anaplastic T cell lymphoma can develop as a rare and late sequelae of implant-based breast reconstruction. This malignancy was recognized in the 2017 by WHO and named breast implant associated anaplastic large T cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). BIA-ALCL usually presents as abundant effusion around the implant, thus, in addition to cytology smears, its diagnosis also requires immunohistochemistry, T cells clonality and cytometry. Due to the increasing attention of clinicians, it is likely that the number of the BIA-ALCL suspected cases will grow in the future, implying the necessity of a reliable and cost-effective diagnostic procedure.

Methods:

To achieve this goal, we retrospectively analyzed the results of laboratory investigations performed at our Institute (Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan, Italy) on 44 effusions obtained from 31 women suspected for BIA-ALCL.

Results:

Through cytology, eight out of 44 effusions showed the presence of BIA-ALCL cells. Lymphoma cells were than confirmed in seven samples by immunohistochemistry and/or T cell clonality and/or cytometry. Overall, cytology showed 100% sensitivity, 97% specificity and positive and negative predictive values of 87.5% and 100% respectively. Further analyses were particularly useful in effusions showing small percentages of BIA-ALCL cells. Moreover, an extended cytometric profile that can be applied when fast confirmation of the cytologic result is required was also identified.

Conclusions:

Our results evidenced a central role of cytopathology in the management of BIA-ALCL suspected effusions and suggested that further laboratory investigations might be applied only in cases showing atypical/activated lymphoid cells through cytology.
Spatial visualization for development of visual thinking and cognitive abilities among mechanical engineering students through tool design ideation
Authors: Sharma Gummaluri Venkata Surya Subrahmanya
Published: March 2023

With the exposure of the mechanical engineering undergraduate students to the concepts of spatial visualization, this work assesses the effect of spatial visualization skills on the visual thinking abilities. Influence of spatial visualization on visual thinking and cognitive abilities like reasoning, abstract thinking, planning, comprehension of complex ideas, quick learning and learning from experience, is analysed through FMEA (failure modes and effects analysis). The RPNs (risk-priority-numbers) have been calculated and priority is set for proposing the corrective actions. Further to this, case studies in tool design have been picked for exhibition of spatial visualization skill set. Influence of tool design on visual thinking capability of the students is understood through various case-studies. Thus, tool, die and mold design ideation is used as a platform for the proposing improvements in visual thinking and cognitive abilities among mechanical engineering students.
Sequence Analysis of Monitored Drowsy Driving
Authors: Schwarz Chris , Gaspar John , Yousefian Reza
Published: March 2023

Driver monitoring systems are growing in importance as well as capability. This paper reports on drowsy driving detection models generated from multiple sources of driver monitoring data. Behavioral (driver) data were provided by a camera-based production-type driver monitoring system manufactured by Aisin Technical Center of America (from the Aisin Group). Vehicular data were recorded from the National Advanced Driving Simulator’s large-excursion motion-base driving simulator. Forty participants drove the simulator for up to 3 h after being awake for at least 16 h. Periodic measurements of drowsiness were made every 10 min using both observational ratings of drowsiness by an external rater and the self-reported Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. A novel application of sequence analysis with clustering and hidden Markov models resulted in models that tracked well with the subjective drowsiness measures. The area under Receiver Operating Characteristic curves evaluating the models ranged from 0.85 to 0.87. By allowing for many distinct patterns observed in driving sequences, the hope is that the method will offer a robust way to accommodate pattern variability that naturally occurs over time and among drivers.
The use of a discrete large group in a conference setting as consultation and community building
Authors: Cilasun Jale , Hook John
Published: March 2023

The aim of this paper is to describe the use of a discrete, two session large group in an organizational conference setting (of the Faculty of Medical Psychotherapy), which gave insight into unconscious systemic dynamics that affect the organization. In line with a tradition of the use of experiential large group experiences in organizational settings, we illustrate how such a group can be used as a consultative process through bringing forward fresh insights with a compelling emotional intensity and in community building through sharing experiences at a time of stress in mental health services with feelings of increasing isolation. Such insights can aid the organization and its elected officials in leading and developing strategy, whilst community building can lead to collective responsibility-taking and development of collegial relationships which serve to reduce isolation. We clarify different possible functions of the experiential large group in organizational conference settings including consultation regarding systemic dynamics, community building and affective integration of learning.
Experimental characterization and numerical modelling of bending behavior of carbon fiber unidirectional thermoset prepregs
Authors: Zhao Zizhao , Zhang Kaifu , Cheng Hui , Zeng Yun , Liang Biao
Published: March 2023

To enhance the prediction accuracy of forming simulations of carbon fiber unidirectional (UD) thermoset prepregs, particularly the wrinkle predictions, bending behavior of UD prepregs in the forming process needs to be accurately characterized and modelled. In this paper, an improved bending test system was proposed to characterize the bending behavior of UD prepregs at different forming temperatures and loading rates. It is found that both the temperature and the loading rate have significant impact on the bending stiffness of UD prepregs. An obvious nonlinear bending behavior can be noted in the fiber direction. The loading rate sensitivity of bending stiffness in the fiber direction decreases with temperature increasing. To simulate the bending deformation, a superimposed membrane-shell element model was employed to achieve the decoupling of tensile-bending deformation. Membrane element simulated the in-plane tensile and in-plane shear deformations of UD prepregs, while shell element primarily accounted for the bending deformation. Fiber orientation dependent nonlinear bending stiffness was accounted in the model. Deformation simulations were conducted for vertical cantilever bending, horizontal cantilever bending, and compression wrinkling of UD prepregs. Good agreement is noted between simulation and experiment, demonstrating efficiency of the model and validity of measured bending stiffness.
Intra-Specialty Citation Pattern in Radiology and Gastroenterology/Hepatology Journals: A Cross-Specialty Comparison
Authors: Gong Bo , Soyer Philippe , McInnes Matthew DF , Patlas Michael N.
Published: March 2023

Objectives: To investigate intra-specialty citation patterns of radiology articles, compared with another medical specialty: gastroenterology/hepatology. Methods: Four radiology journals ( Radiology, European Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal) and four gastroenterology/hepatology journals ( Journal of Hepatology, Journal of Gastroenterology, World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology) with similar Web of Science in-category 2020 IF ranking were selected. The original research, review, letter, and editorial articles published in these journals in 2021 were identified. The average number of intra-specialty citations per article (intra-specialty citation count) and percentage of intra-specialty citations out of total citations per article (intra-specialty citation rate) were compared between radiology and gastroenterology/hepatology articles using Student’s t-test. Results: The radiology articles demonstrated a lower total citation count per article (radiology: 29.7 ± .4 (mean ± SEM), n = 2063; gastroenterology/hepatology: 50.1 ± 1.4, n = 1335). The intra-specialty citation count was also lower in radiology articles than gastroenterology/hepatology articles (radiology: 12.9 ± .2, gastroenterology/hepatology: 19.6 ± .7; P < .001), both overall and in all article types. Additionally, the overall intra-specialty citation rate was not significantly different between the two specialties (radiology: 48.8% ± .5%; gastroenterology/hepatology: 47.1 ± .8%; P = .057), although the intra-specialty citation rates were higher in radiology original research and editorial article types. Conclusions: The significantly lower per-article intra-specialty citation counts in all radiology article types, a measurement that directly links to specialty IFs, may contribute to the lower impact factors of radiology journals compared with gastroenterology/hepatology ones.
From Climate Change to Sustainable and Inclusive Economies: A Policy Agenda
Authors: Saad-Filho Alfredo , Feil Fernanda
Published: March 2023

Climate change and neoliberalism are threat multipliers: they combine risks, increase instability and penalise disproportionately poor countries and poor people by virtue of their greater vulnerability disruption. This article examines the complex relationships between neoliberalism and climate change, and outlines a democratic economic strategy (DES) to address the transition from neoliberalism to a more dynamic, progressive and egalitarian system of accumulation, and the ‘green’ transition from unsustainable fossil fuel-dependent patterns of production to more diversified and sustainable economies. Both transitions must be pursued immediately, rather than gradually, separately or sequentially, for reasons of efficiency, consistency and legitimacy: the green transition will carry heavy costs and bring difficult political and economic challenges. Public support to address them will be forthcoming only through a shared commitment to transcend the destructive, polluting, exclusionary and income-concentrating logic of neoliberalism. DES offers a pathway to address these challenges and build sustainable and democratic economies.
Life prediction model based on toughness exhaustion under combined high and low cycle fatigue loading
Authors: Hou Jun , Wang Xiaowei , Chen Hong , Shen Qin , Li Fangjie , Sun Yujuan
Published: March 2023

It is very important to establish a life prediction model that evaluates the combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) damage of materials. Based on the toughness exhaustion, this paper develops a CCF life prediction model considering loading interaction effect. The loading interaction factor is proposed to reflect the interaction effect between high cycle fatigue and low cycle fatigue. The proposed model does not require any additional material parameters and is convenient for application. The experimental data of four materials including GH4033 Ni-basis alloy, TC11 titanium alloy, LY12-CZ aluminum alloy, and 45 steel are applied to verify the proposed model. Comparing the prediction results of the proposed model with the Miner’s rule and the T-K model, the results show that the predicted results of the proposed model are more satisfactory.
Modeling the strength of laminated parts made by fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing
Authors: Avalle Massimiliano , Monti Margherita , Frascio Mattia
Published: March 2023

Fused filament fabrication (FFF, also known as fused deposition modeling) is the most popular 3D printing additive manufacturing technology: cheap 3D printers are largely widespread and most polymeric materials can be used. It is probably the most versatile additive manufacturing technology. The applications range from prototyping to the production of custom parts with structural capabilities: fiber reinforced plastics can also be used. However, the knowledge of the FFF materials and the design criteria for fused filament fabricated parts are scarcely known and this results in a very common skepticism in adopting this technology for technical structural components. As for the other processing technologies for plastics, included injection molding, the mechanical properties of the components strongly depend on the manufacturing parameters. As shown by some authors, since production by FFF produces a layered structure, it is possible to model the mechanical behavior by means of the classical lamination theory largely verified and known for composites. In those papers, it was shown that the equivalent elastic properties could be predicted as a function of the lamination stacking and angles. In this paper, based on experimental results obtained on symmetric balanced angle-ply laminated samples made of polyethylene terephthalate with added glycol (PETG) and polyamide (PA) subject to tensile loads, the Tsai-Hill criterion was applied to predict the strength. After identification of the strength parameters, a good correlation of the experimental with the model parameters, for all lamination angles, was obtained.
A comprehensive review on dehumidification system using solid desiccant for thermal comfort in HVAC applications
Authors: Dikshit Shruti V. , Chavali Shriramshastri , Malwe Prateek D. , Kulkarni Sourabh , Panchal Hitesh , Alrubaie Ali Jawad , Mohamed Mohamed A. , Jaber Mustafa Musa
Published: March 2023

In comfort, air-conditioning control over the humidity is essential in applications such as pharmaceutical industries, electronic gadgets manufacturing units, the food sector, paper industries, etc. Relative humidity of nearly 50% can effectively prevent the growth and abidance of biological pollutants. There are several methods using which dehumidification can be achieved. The most common method is subcooling air up to the condensation temperature of the moisture trapped and then cooling again, and the condensate is collected. This method is time-consuming and needs to be more effective. On the other hand, desiccants’ dehumidification process is suitable for maintaining humidity in air-conditioning systems and producing dry air. Desiccants with economical materials, high moisture removal rate, low regeneration temperature, and steadiness after many years make a desiccant system more successful in its performance and cost. The effect of change in process air temperature, process air humidity ratio, and regeneration temperature on the system's performance is studied. This research focuses on the functioning of various desiccant dehumidification systems and their applications. A comparative study of the different dehumidification systems found efficiency, low maintenance cost, and high sustainability.
The effects of material and structural properties of the periodontal ligament in mechanical function of tooth-PDL-bone complex in dental trauma: A sensitivity study using finiteelement analysis
Authors: Dastgerdi Ayda Karimi , Bavil Alireza Yahyaiee , Rouhi Gholamreza
Published: March 2023

Periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a crucial role in transferring load from tooth to its adjacent bone, and its role is more pronounced in case of trauma, due to its shock-absorbing character, which has not been fully understood yet. Different constitutive models have correlated mechanical function of PDL with its anisotropic, inhomogeneous, non-linear elastic nature, and it was variably modeled using Finite Element (FE) simulations of dental trauma. Furthermore, since capturing accurate dimension of PDL is difficult, various thicknesses were considered for PDL in FE reconstruction process. In this study, the sensitivity of FE analyses to variation in mechanical properties, including a large range of elastic properties for a linear elastic model, also a hyper-elastic material model, and various thicknesses of PDL was investigated by developing a CT-based FE model of tooth-PDL-bone complex. Results of this study highlighted the crucial role of PDL in absorption and dissipation of energy, as well as in stress distribution within alveolar bone during dental trauma. It was observed that as Young’s modulus of PDL decreases and its thickness increases, its shock-absorbing capacity would be escalated. Moreover, it was found that inclusion of PDL reduces the maximum von Mises stress exerted on the alveolar bone by about 60% in some areas, compared to the case in which the PDL is absent. Results of this work underscore the need of presenting comprehensive constitutive models to describe mechanical behavior of PDL, with the goal of understanding the behavior of a tooth-PDL-bone complex in pathological conditions, such as trauma.