bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Use in Late Preterm and Full-Term Newborns
Authors: Gyllensvärd Johan , Studahl Marie , Gustavsson Lars , Hentz Elisabet , Åkesson Karin , Li Huiqi , Norman Mikael , Elfvin Anders ,   SWENAB Study Group, Håkansson Stellan
Published: March 2024

Importance

Antibiotic treatment saves lives in newborns with early-onset sepsis (EOS), but unwarranted antibiotic use is associated with resistant bacteria and adverse outcomes later in life. Surveillance is needed to optimize treatment strategies.

Objective

To describe antibiotic use in association with the incidence and mortality from EOS among late-preterm and full-term newborns.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The Sweden Neonatal Antibiotic Use study was a nationwide observational study that included all late-preterm and full-term neonates born from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2020, in neonatal units of all levels. All hospital live births from 34 weeks’ gestation during the study period were included in the study. Data were collected from the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register and the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to May 2023.

Exposure

Admission for neonatal intensive care during the first week of life.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were the usage of intravenous antibiotics during the first week of life, the duration of antibiotic therapy, the rate of culture-proven EOS, and mortality associated with EOS.

Results

A total of 1 025 515 newborns were included in the study; 19 286 neonates (1.88%; 7686 girls [39.9%]; median [IQR] gestational age, 40 [38-41] weeks; median [IQR] birth weight, 3610 [3140-4030] g) received antibiotics during the first week of life, of whom 647 (3.4%) had EOS. The median (IQR) duration of antibiotic treatment in newborns without EOS was 5 (3-7) days, and there were 113 antibiotic-days per 1000 live births. During the study period there was no significant change in the exposure to neonatal antibiotics or antibiotic-days per 1000 live births. The incidence of EOS was 0.63 per 1000 live births, with a significant decrease from 0.74 in 2012 to 0.34 in 2020. Mortality associated with EOS was 1.39% (9 of 647 newborns) and did not change significantly over time. For each newborn with EOS, antibiotic treatment was initiated in 29 newborns and 173 antibiotic-days were dispensed.

Conclusions and Relevance

This large nationwide study found that a relatively low exposure to antibiotics is not associated with an increased risk of EOS or associated mortality. Still, future efforts to reduce unwarranted neonatal antibiotic use are needed.
Enantioselective Pictet–Spengler Reactions
Authors: Seidel Daniel
Published: March 2024

Enantioselective Pictet–Spengler reactions are promoted or catalyzed by small chiral molecules, including Brønsted acids, Lewis acids, and hydrogen‐bond donors (e.g., thiourea compounds). While tryptamines and β‐phenethylamines are commonly used in these reactions, a variety of other aryl‐group‐containing amines are also viable substrates. Achiral starting materials can participate in cascade reaction sequences that include an enantioselective Pictet–Spengler step. Mechanistic insights for these transformations are provided whenever possible. The Pictet–Spengler reaction allows access to heterocyclic products that are otherwise assembled via less direct methodologies. These products are employed as key intermediates in the synthesis of natural products such as yohimbine, arboricine, corynantheidine, mitragynine, harmicine, peganumine A, deplancheine, arborescidine C, and crispine A. The literature coverage for this Chapter extends to December 2019.
Nested‐Cell Architecture and Molecular Surface Modification Enabled 10 Megapascals Range High Sensitivity Flexible Pressure Sensors for Application in Extreme Environment
Authors: Gu Mengxi , Zhao Binzhe , Gao Junxue , Zhou Xuan , Huang Licong , Wang Jiahong , Wei Lei , Yang Chunlei , Chen Ming
Published: March 2024

Flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity over a broad sensing range are of great value in daily life and highly desired in various extreme environment, from human motion inspection to heavy industrial robots to high energy radiation and extremely cold/high temperature environments. However, it remains a significant challenge for a single pressure sensor to simultaneously possess high sensitivity and broad detection range due to the trade‐off between these two properties. Here, a high‐performance pressure sensor is developed based on flexible modified silicon rubber/functionalized carbon nanotube (MSR/FCNT). The designed nested‐cell architecture and molecular surface modification strategy endow the pressure sensor with high sensitivity (>28 kPa−1) over 10 MPa sensing range, an ultralow detection limit (≈0.94 Pa), an ultrahigh pressure resolution (0.0075%) at a pressure of 3 MPa, and a low fatigue over 10 000 repetitive cycles even at an extremely high pressure of 5 MPa. Furthermore, the resulting sensor presents excellent durability after freezing at extreme cold temperature (−80 °C) as well as resistance to high temperature (200 °C) and high‐energy X‐ray radiation. The proposed nested‐cell architecture is a generic strategy for porous materials to achieve broad range high sensitivity.
A Spectrally Programmable Liquid‐State Active System for High‐Performance (SPLASH) Multicolor Lasing and White Emission
Authors: Szukalska Alina , Czajkowski Maciej , Cybinska Joanna , Myśliwiec Jarosław
Published: March 2024

The development of a Spectrally Programmable Liquid‐State Active System for High‐performance (SPLASH) is introduced, which allows for multicolor lasing and White Emission. This completely liquid, three‐phase device showcases exceptional tunability within a singular Liquid Crystal Cell (LCC). Components include a Coumarin 540 (CM540)‐doped liquid crystal (LC) mesophase, an ionic liquid (RTIL) richly endowed with Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye, and a Stilbene 420 (SB420)‐infused water‐based solution. This device displays significant accomplishments in multicolor tunability through the use of both lasing and fluorescence mechanisms. As a result, White Light Fluorescence (WFluo) and White Light Hybrid‐Emission (WHE) are showed, which consist of two lasing bands and one fluorescence. This is achieved in a liquid‐state environment characterized by phase separation and careful device management. Additionally, due to its fluid‐like nature and compact design, the device inherently offers considerable scalability — since its components can be easily adjusted and rearranged. This approach promises ground‐breaking advancements in high‐impact applications such as the Li‐Fi concept. Therefore, SPLASH stands out as an innovative platform for White Light Fluorescence (WFluo) and Multicolor Lasing (ML) within liquid‐state active systems.
A Detachable Magnetic Nanodevice for the Efficient Capture and Subtype Identification of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Zhang Qianying , Xu Shengshi , Sun Yao , Tan Tingting , Zheng Jingyi , Zhou Yuanzhen , Yu Sha , Zhang Jian‐Rong , Zhu Jun‐Jie
Published: March 2024

The effective capture and accurate identification of heterogeneous circulating tumor cells (CTCs) aid in guiding clinical diagnosis and personalized treatment of tumors. Herein, a core‐satellite‐sized magnetic separable nanodevice (denoted as MS‐RI) is developed for the capture and subtype identification of heterogeneous CTCs by identifying the protein targets of CTCs in vitro and imaging intracellular nucleic acid targets of CTCs in situ. Upon the separation of CTCs by MS‐RI using aptamers as capture elements, the programmatically dissociated satellite particles aim to internalize into the cells for simultaneous profiling of microRNA‐21 and microRNA‐141. By virtue of the validated magnetic separation of the core structure, the high affinity of the aptamer, and the high sensitivity of the recognition imaging (RI) module, MS‐RI allows the isolation and subtyping of CTCs in clinical samples from breast cancer patients. This strategy of combining extracellular recognition and intracellular imaging pioneers a new paradigm for the capture and precision subtyping of heterogeneous CTCs.
Engineering Metallic Alloy Electrode for Robust and Active Water Electrocatalysis with Large Current Density Exceeding 2000 mA cm−2
Authors: Nairan Adeela , Feng Zhuo , Zheng Ruiming , Khan Usman , Gao Junkuo
Published: March 2024

The amelioration of brilliantly effective electrocatalysts working at high current density for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is imperative for cost‐efficient electrochemical hydrogen production. Yet, the kinetically sluggish and unstable catalysts remain elusive to large‐scale hydrogen (H2) generation for industrial applications. Herein, a new strategy is demonstrated to significantly enhance the intrinsic activity of Ni1‐xFex nanochain arrays through a trace proportion of heteroatom phosphorus doping that permits robust water splitting at an extremely large current density of 1000 and 2000 mA cm−2 for 760 h. The in situ formation of Ni2P and Ni5P4 on Ni1‐xFex nanochain arrays surface and hierarchical geometry of the electrode significantly promote the reaction kinetics and OER activity. The OER electrode provides exceptionally low overpotentials of 222 and 327 mV at current densities of 10 and 2000 mA cm−2 in alkaline media, dramatically lower than benchmark IrO2 and is among the most active catalysts yet reported. Remarkably, the alkaline electrolyzer renders a low voltage of 1.75 V at a large current density of 1000 mA cm−2, indicating outperformed overall water splitting. The electrochemical fingerprints demonstrate vital progress toward large‐scale H2 production for industrial water electrolysis.
Self‐Powered Vibration Frequency Monitoring Device for the Grid Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Micro Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Hao Zhijie , Liu Changxin , Shao Tong , Ma Zhenyao , Lu Yingli , Wang Yi , Sui Zheng
Published: March 2024

The galloping of transmission lines (GTLs) has a significant impact on the development of smart grids. However, traditional vibration frequency monitoring devices for transmission lines suffer from issues such as low measurement accuracy, high environmental requirements, and the inability to achieve self‐powering. A self‐powered vibration frequency monitoring method is proposed based on frequency‐sensing triboelectric nanogenerator (F‐TENG) and micro thermoelectric generators (MTEG). Models for vibration frequency sensing based on F‐TENG and energy capture based on MTEG are established. A flexible self‐powered sensing prototype, integrating F‐TENG, MTEG, and a Signal processing and Energy harvesting Circuit (SEC), is fabricated. Additionally, an innovative solvothermal method for the preparation of MTEG materials is presented, resulting in Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric materials with significantly high thermoelectric conversion performance. Experimental results demonstrate that within the range of 0.1–5.1 Hz, F‐TENG can precisely perceive the frequency of GTLs, with a maximum error of 1.274%. MTEG achieves a maximal open‐circuit voltage of 3.282 V. Finally, the SEC unit is designed to couple the outputs of F‐TENG and MTEG for frequency calculation and wireless transmission to a microcontroller. This device provides an efficient solution for monitoring the frequency of GTLs and offers robust support for the stability of the smart grid.
Recent Advances in Piezocatalysts for Dye Degradation
Authors: Zhou Lu , Meng Linghui , Jia Haowei , Lu Yile , Liang Tianyue , Yuan Yu , Liu Chao , Dong Zekun , Hu Long , Guan Peiyuan , Zhou Yingze , Li Mengyao , Wan Tao , Han Zhaojun , Chu Dewei
Published: March 2024

Piezocatalysis is attracting extensive attention in recent years because it can directly convert mechanical energy from the ambient environment (such as tiny vibrations and noise) into piezopotential for catalytic activities. Dyes are widely used in diverse industries, including paper, printing, and textiles, which cause serious environmental problems due to their persistence and toxicity. Unlike traditional catalysts that rely on chemical reactions to drive dye degradation, piezocatalysts offer a sustainable and cost‐effective alternative to breaking down complex molecules through creating highly reactive species, which have shown a significant promise in the treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater. In this review, the basic principles of piezocatalysis are first outlined, specifically describing two ubiquitous forms of driving force in nature. Following the catalytic mechanism, the current mainstream piezocatalytic materials are classified into two categories: organic and inorganic materials with detailed discussions. Moreover, after investigating and analyzing previous literature, effective strategies for improving piezocatalytic efficiency for dye degradation are systematically compared and summarized. In the end, current issues that need to be addressed in the future as well as potential research directions related to piezocatalysis are prospected. This work provides an insight into solving current issues to advance the piezocatalysts.
Optimizing Metal‐Surface Water Disinfection: CFD Study on Microorganism Collision Against a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface
Authors: Melo Leonardo G. T. C. , de Menezes Frederico Duarte , da Costa José Angelo Peixoto , Alves João Vitor Pereira , Chiang Yi Wai , Santos Rafael M.
Published: March 2024

This research presents a point‐of‐use (POU) water treatment technology utilizing metal/metallic surfaces based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structured filtration infills. Computational Fluid Dynamics modeling using Ansys CFX software is employed to analyze the behavior of Escherichia coli bacteria within a continuous liquid phase moving through the filtration infill, assess particle collision dynamics, and evaluate the efficiency of filtration, considering pressure drop as a fundamental factor in process energy consumption. TPMS infill meshes are coded in a Schwarz P shape using Python, and the Darcy‐Forchheimer equation is employed to determine the permeability and resistance loss coefficient of the infill geometry. The results indicate that the TPMS infill efficiently captures particles while introducing a negligible pressure drop into the system. It is found that a single 40 mm infill configuration is the most efficient, exhibiting a higher collision rate compared to the smaller 20 mm infill configuration and a lower pressure drop compared to the two 20 mm infill configurations in the series. Additionally, this study provides insights into the behavior of continuous fluid flow through TPMS infill in view of scaled‐up implementation, including the presence of recirculation zones that can be exploited to further enhance the collision rate of particles.
A Retina‐Inspired Optoelectronic Synapse Using Quantum Dots for Neuromorphic Photostimulation of Neurons
Authors: Balamur Ridvan , Eren Guncem Ozgun , Kaleli Humeyra Nur , Karatum Onuralp , Kaya Lokman , Hasanreisoglu Murat , Nizamoglu Sedat
Published: March 2024

Neuromorphic electronics, inspired by the functions of neurons, have the potential to enable biomimetic communication with cells. Such systems require operation in aqueous environments, generation of sufficient levels of ionic currents for neurostimulation, and plasticity. However, their implementation requires a combination of separate devices, such as sensors, organic synaptic transistors, and stimulation electrodes. Here, a compact neuromorphic synapse that combines photodetection, memory, and neurostimulation functionalities all‐in‐one is presented. The artificial photoreception is facilitated by a photovoltaic device based on cell‐interfacing InP/ZnS quantum dots, which induces photo‐faradaic charge‐transfer mediated plasticity. The device sends excitatory post‐synaptic currents exhibiting paired‐pulse facilitation and post‐tetanic potentiation to the hippocampal neurons via the biohybrid synapse. The electrophysiological recordings indicate modulation of the probability of action potential firing due to biomimetic temporal summation of excitatory post‐synaptic currents. These results pave the way for the development of novel bioinspired neuroprosthetics and soft robotics, and highlight the potential of quantum dots for achieving versatile neuromorphic functionality in aqueous environments.
The soil microbiome affects patterns of local adaptation in an alpine plant under moisture stress
Authors: Brady Monica V. , Farrer Emily C.
Published: March 2024

Premise

The soil microbiome plays a role in plant trait expression and fitness, and plants may be locally adapted or maladapted to their soil microbiota. However, few studies of local adaptation in plants have incorporated a microbial treatment separate from manipulations of the abiotic environment, so our understanding of microbes in plant adaptation is limited.

Methods

Here we tested microbial effects on local adaptation in four paired populations of an abundant alpine plant from two community types, dry and moist meadow. In a 5‐month greenhouse experiment, we manipulated source population, soil moisture, and soil microbiome and measured plant survival and biomass to assess treatment effects.

Results

Dry meadow populations had higher biomass than moist meadow populations at low moisture, demonstrating evidence of local adaptation to soil moisture in the absence of microbes. In the presence of microbes, dry meadow populations had greater survival than moist meadow populations when grown with dry meadow microbes regardless of moisture. Moist meadow populations showed no signs of adaptation or maladaptation.

Conclusions

Our research highlights the importance of microbial mutualists in local adaptation, particularly in dry environments with higher abiotic stress. Plant populations from environments with greater abiotic stress exhibit different patterns of adaptation when grown with soil microbes versus without, while plant populations from less abiotically stressful environments do not. Improving our understanding of the role microbes play in plant adaptation will require further studies incorporating microbial manipulations.
Variation in diurnal cortisol patterns among the Indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Liebert Melissa A. , Urlacher Samuel S. , Madimenos Felicia C. , Gildner Theresa E. , Cepon‐Robins Tara J. , Harrington Christopher J. , Bribiescas Richard G. , Sugiyama Lawrence S. , Snodgrass J. Josh
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and its primary end product, the glucocorticoid cortisol, are major components of the evolved human stress response. However, most studies have examined these systems among populations in high‐income settings, which differ from the high pathogen and limited resource contexts in which the HPA axis functioned for most of human evolution.

Methods

We investigated variability in diurnal salivary cortisol patterns among 298 Indigenous Shuar from Amazonian Ecuador (147 males, 151 females; age 2–86 years), focusing on the effects of age, biological sex, and body mass index (BMI) in shaping differences in diurnal cortisol production. Saliva samples were collected three times daily (waking, 30 minutes post‐waking, evening) for three consecutive days to measure key cortisol parameters: levels at waking, the cortisol awakening response, the diurnal slope, and total daily output.

Results

Age was positively associated with waking levels and total daily output, with Shuar juveniles and adolescents displaying significantly lower levels than adults (p < .05). Sex was not a significant predictor of cortisol levels (p > .05), as Shuar males and females displayed similar patterns of diurnal cortisol production across the life course. Moreover, age, sex, and BMI significantly interacted to moderate the rate of diurnal cortisol decline (p = .027). Overall, Shuar demonstrated relatively lower cortisol concentrations than high‐income populations.

Conclusions

This study expands the documented range of global variation in HPA axis activity and diurnal cortisol production and provides important insights into the plasticity of human stress physiology across diverse developmental and socioecological settings.
A Fast‐Charge Graphite Anode with a Li‐Ion‐Conductive, Electron/Solvent‐Repelling Interface
Authors: Niu Min , Dong Liwei , Yue Junpei , Li Yaqiang , Dong Yueyao , Cheng Shichao , Lv Sheng , Zhu Yu‐Hui , Lei Zuotao , Liang Jia‐Yan , Xin Sen , Yang Chunhui , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: March 2024

Graphite has been serving as the key anode material of rechargeable Li‐ion batteries, yet is difficultly charged within a quarter hour while maintaining stable electrochemistry. In addition to a defective edge structure that prevents fast Li‐ion entry, the high‐rate performance of graphite could be hampered by co‐intercalation and parasitic reduction of solvent molecules at anode/electrolyte interface. Conventional surface modification by pitch‐derived carbon barely isolates the solvent and electrons, and usually lead to inadequate rate capability to meet practical fast‐charge requirements. Here we show that, by applying a MoOx−MoNx layer onto graphite surface, the interface allows fast Li‐ion diffusion yet blocks solvent access and electron leakage. By regulating interfacial mass and charge transfer, the modified graphite anode delivers a reversible capacity of 340.3 mAh g−1 after 4000 cycles at 6 C, showing promises in building 10‐min‐rechargeable batteries with a long operation life.
Induced Chirality in Canthaxanthin Aggregates Reveals Multiple Levels of Supramolecular Organization
Authors: Halat Monika , Zając Grzegorz , Andrushchenko Valery , Bouř Petr , Baranski Rafal , Pajor Katarzyna , Baranska Malgorzata
Published: March 2024

Carotenoids tend to form supramolecular aggregates via non‐covalent interactions where the chirality of individual molecules is amplified to the macroscopic level. We show that this can also be achieved for non‐chiral carotenoid monomers interacting with polysaccharides. The chirality induction in canthaxanthin (CAX), caused by heparin (HP) and hyaluronic acid (HA), was monitored by chiroptical spectroscopy. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra indicated the presence of multiple carotenoid formations, such as H‐ and J‐type aggregates. This is consistent with molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations of the supramolecular structures and their spectroscopic response.
Cyclopropenes as Chemical Reporters for Dual Bioorthogonal and Orthogonal Metabolic Labeling of DNA
Authors: Seul Nicola , Lamade Dennis , Stoychev Petko , Mijic Michaela , Michenfelder Rita T. , Rieger Lisa , Geng Philipp , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim
Published: March 2024

Dual bioorthogonal labeling enables the investigation and understanding of interactions in the biological environment that are not accessible by a single label. However, applying two bioorthogonal reactions in the same environment remains challenging due to cross‐reactivity. We developed a pair of differently modified 2′‐deoxynucleosides that solved this issue for dual and orthogonal labeling of DNA. Inverse‐electron demand Diels–Alder and photoclick reactions were combined to attach two different fluorogenic labels to genomic DNA in cells. Using a small synthetic library of 1‐ and 3‐methylcyclopropenyl‐modified 2′‐deoxynucleosides, two 2′‐deoxyuridines were identified to be the fastest‐reacting ones for each of the two bioorthogonal reactions. Their orthogonal reactivity could be evidenced in vitro. Primer extension experiments were performed with both 2′‐deoxyuridines investigating their replication properties as substitutes for thymidine and evaluating subsequent labeling reactions on the DNA level. Finally, dual, orthogonal and metabolic fluorescent labeling of genomic DNA was demonstrated in HeLa cells. An experimental procedure was developed combining intracellular transport and metabolic DNA incorporation of the two 2′‐deoxyuridines with the subsequent dual bioorthogonal labeling using a fluorogenic cyanine‐styryl tetrazine and a fluorogenic pyrene‐tetrazole. These results are fundamental for advanced metabolic labeling strategies for nucleic acids in the future, especially for live cell experiments.
Responsive Anionophores with AND Logic Multi‐Stimuli Activation
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Johnson Toby G. , Flerin Martin , Duarte Fernanda , Langton Matthew J.
Published: March 2024

Artificial ion transport systems have emerged as an important class of compounds that promise applications in chemotherapeutics as anticancer agents or to treat channelopathies. Stimulus‐responsive systems that offer spatiotemporally controlled activity for targeted applications remain rare. Here we utilize dynamic hydrogen bonding interactions of a 4,6‐dihydroxy‐isophthalamide core to generate a modular platform enabling access to stimuli‐responsive ion transporters that can be activated in response to a wide variety of external stimuli, including light, redox, and enzymes, with excellent OFF‐ON activation profiles. Alkylation of the two free hydroxyl groups with stimulus‐responsive moieties locks the amide bonds through intramolecular hydrogen bonding and hence makes them unavailable for anion binding and transport. Triggering using a particular stimulus to cleave both cages reverses the hydrogen bonding arrangement, to generate a highly preorganized anion binding cavity for efficient transmembrane transport. Integration of two cages that are responsive to orthogonal stimuli enables multi‐stimuli activation, where both stimuli are required to trigger transport in an AND logic process. Importantly, the strategy provides a facile method to post‐functionalize the highly active transporter core with a variety of stimulus‐responsive moieties for targeted activation with multiple triggers.
Enhancement of an entomopathogenic fungal virulence against the seedcorn maggot, Delia platura, by suppressing immune responses with a bacterial culture broth of Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata
Authors: Abdisa Eticha , Park Hyunje , Kwon Jiyoon , Jin Gahyeon , Esmaeily Mojtaba , Kim Yonggyun
Published: March 2024

In Korea, there are two maggot species in the Delia genus that commonly infest the roots and stems of the Welsh onion, thus causing serious economic damage on the crop at the seedling stage. In this study, the seedcorn maggot (Delia platura) was detected in onion fields in two different localities in Korea. After overwintering, maggot infestations occurred throughout the entire growing seasons from transplantation to harvest, but their specific patterns of occurrence varied in the two localities examined. Entomopathogenic fungi induced significant virulence against the maggot larvae, in which a strain of Beauveria bassiana was effective, though it exhibited limited mortality in its insecticidal activity. To enhance this insecticidal activity, a culture broth from an entomopathogenic bacterium, Photorhabdus temperata temperata (Ptt), was added to B. bassiana treatment. The addition of Ptt broth significantly increased the insecticidal activity of B. bassiana in a dose‐dependent manner. To elucidate this enhancement in insecticidal activity, the immunosuppressive activity of Ptt broth was assessed by identifying the immune responses of the seedcorn maggots. The seedcorn maggots possessed at least three different hemocytes with plasmatocytes, crystal cells, and lamellocytes. These hemocytes exhibited nodule formation in response to the fungal infection. In addition to the cellular immunity, the maggots exhibited inducible expressions of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes such as cecropin and defensin. The addition of Ptt broth suppressed the nodule formation and the AMP expressions in response to the fungal infection. Altogether, this study demonstrated the innate immune responses in a non‐model insect, D. platura, along with the application of immunosuppression to develop a highly efficient biological control by enhancing the virulence of B. bassiana.
Quinone Methide Based Self‐Immobilizing Molecular Fluorescent Probes for In Situ Imaging of Enzymes
Authors: Miao Yeru , Yu Zhen‐Qing , Xu Shuai , Yan Mei
Published: March 2024

Enzymes play important roles not only in normal physiological processes but in the development of many diseases. In situ imaging of enzymes with high‐resolution in living systems would helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, many molecular fluorescent probes suffer from the drawback of diffusing away from the reaction site of enzymes even out of the cells, losing the in situ information and resulting in poor imaging resolution. Quinone methide (QM) based self‐immobilizing probes allow the fluorescent signal to be immobilized near the target for an extended period without deactivating the target enzymes, ensuring that it will provide amplified signals and in situ information of the target with high resolution. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of QM‐based self‐immobilizing probes including their design strategies, working mechanisms, classifications and applications in in situ enzyme imaging. This review calls for the development of more activatable QM‐based probe with the advantages of high stability in the absence of the target but very high labeling efficiency after activation.
Positron emission tomography imaging of the P2X7 receptor with a novel tracer, [18F]GSK1482160, in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and healthy non‐human primates
Authors: Qiu Yifan , Bi Lei , Huang Guolong , Li Zhijun , Wei Huiyi , Li Guocong , Wei Junjie , Liao Kai , Yang Min , Ye Peizhen , Liu Yongshan , Zhao Xianxian , Hou Yuyi , Shen Yanfang , Zhou Renwei , Liu Tuoen , Tong Henry Hoi Yee , Wang Lu , Jin Hongjun
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to evaluate [18F]GSK1482160 Positron emission tomography imaging for targeting P2X7R, a biomarker for neuroinflammation. Studies of acute neuroinflammation in rodents and transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as wild‐type (WT) controls, were conducted via PET‐CT‐MRI scans after tail vein injection of [18F]GSK1482160. Imaging was quantified based on the time‐activity curve, the standardized uptake value ratio, and the binding kinetics distribution volume ratio (DVR) to assess the expression of P2X7R. Tissues were collected post‐PET for immunofluorescence staining. Correlation analysis was performed between DVR and Morris water maze test results. Finally, dynamic Positron Emission Tomography‐Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET‐MRI) scans were performed in healthy non‐human primates (NHPs). Our study demonstrated that AD mice had a significantly higher DVR than WT mice in the hippocampus (0.92 ± 0.06 vs. 0.79 ± 0.02, p < 0.05), cortex (1.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.88 ± 0.04, p < 0.05), and striatum (1.02 ± 0.10 vs. 0.83 ± 0.1, p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed increased expression of P2X7R in the AD, along with its colocalization with activated microglia and astrocytes. Correlation analysis indicated that brain regions with higher binding of [18F]GSK1482160 (i.e., the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus) were more vulnerable to cognitive impairment. PET‐MRI scans of healthy NHPs demonstrated the feasibility of brain penetration and P2X7R target engagement for the translation of [18F]GSK1482160 in human studies.
Big data driven supply chain innovative capability for sustainable competitive advantage in the food supply chain: Resource‐based view perspective
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Raut Rakesh D. , Mangla Sachin Kumar , Moizer Jonathan , Lean Jonathan
Published: March 2024

The food supply chain (FSC) is becoming more sustainable as companies aim to meet demand with lower waste and emissions. Big data analytics (BDA) can help achieve sustainability goals by extracting meaningful information from past data to help create sustainable strategies. However, in the sustainability literature, BDA's role in enabling sustainable FSC innovations is not explored. Thus, this study investigates how data‐driven analytics might improve FSC innovation by adopting creative tactics in every triple bottom line (TBL) component – green, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and financial – to gain a competitive edge. A resource‐based view (RBV) perspective was used to evaluate the links between supply chain (SC) innovation capabilities and competitive advantage (CA) in FSC innovation and sustainability. Indian food processing enterprises were surveyed using a questionnaire to collect data from 200 respondents. Adopting a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach, six hypotheses were evaluated for significance on the surveyed data using AMOS V.20. Since both goodness and badness fit indices were above cut‐off values, the measurement model was robustly evaluated and found to fit the survey data well. Structural model findings supported all study hypotheses. The results indicate that BDA strongly impacts food supply chain TBL and FSC innovation. Data‐driven innovative TBL methods were shown to boost FSC competitiveness. With the growing demand for value‐added innovation in FSC sustainable development, this study uniquely contributes to the current literature by linking BDA and TBL practice innovation to FSC CA.
Retrospective analysis of real‐world prescribing data for managing cisplatin‐based chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in China
Authors: Si Xia , Zhang Hongyan , Ding Qingming , Liu Gang , Huang Lin , Sun Xin
Published: March 2024

Background

The current utilization of neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonists (NK1RAs) and the impact of updated guidelines on prescription patterns of antiemetic drugs among Chinese patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) remain undetermined. This study aims to analyze the present situation of Chinese cancer patients using antiemetic drugs and assess the appropriateness of antiemetic regimens.

Methods

Prescription data were collected between January 2015 and December 2020 from cancer patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy at 76 hospitals in six major cities in China. Trends in the use of antiemetic drugs, prescribing patterns and adherence to antiemetic guidelines were assessed.

Results

Among the 108,611 patients included in this study, 6 classes and 17 antiemetic drugs were identified as monotherapy or combination therapy in 93,872 patients (86.4%), whereas 14,739 patients (13.6%) were administered no antiemetic treatment. 5‐hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists (5‐HT3RAs) and glucocorticoids were the two most frequently used classes of antiemetics, followed by metoclopramide. NK1RAs were underused across the six cities, only 9332 (8.6%) and 1655 (1.5%) cisplatin‐based treatments were prescribed aprepitant and fosaprepitant, respectively. Prescriptions of olanzapine and lorazepam were very low throughout the study period. In prescribing patterns of antiemetic drugs, dual combination regimens were the most common (40.0%), followed by triple combination therapy and monotherapy (25.8% and 15.1%, respectively). Overall, the adherence to antiemetic guidelines for patients undergoing cisplatin‐based regimens was only 8.1% due to inadequate prescription of antiemetic drugs. Finally, our study also revealed that 5‐HT3RAs and glucocorticoids were overprescribed in 8.8% and 1.6% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions

The current study reveals suboptimal utilization of recommended antiemetic drugs for managing cisplatin‐based HEC‐induced nausea and vomiting in China. Improving the management of CINV is crucial, and these findings provide valuable insights into optimizing antiemetic drug practices.
Effects of Microwave Utilization on the Color Properties of Food: A Review
Authors: Alkanan Zina T. , Altemimi Ammar B. , Hassan Nora Ali , Didar Zohreh , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali , Rahman Salama Nadia Abdel , Al‐Hashimi Alaa Ghazi , Cacciola Francesco , Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal
Published: March 2024

This review discusses the importance of food coloring in determining consumer food preferences and the factors that can affect the color of food. It emphasizes the significance of preventing the degradation of pigments during food preparation and highlights the role of microwave ovens in preserving these pigments by reducing processing time and improving color quality. The review delves into the scientific principles underlying microwave heating and its effects on Maillard browning, caramelization, and other chemical reactions responsible for color changes in food. The potential benefits of microwave cooking (MWC) in preserving the natural color of certain foods are highlighted, along with challenges and considerations in maintaining color stability. The review synthesizes findings from diverse studies, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the effects of microwave utilization on food color. Insights from this review contribute to a better understanding of the intricate relationship between microwave technology and the visual appeal of food, paving the way for informed culinary practices and the development of innovative MWC strategies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Co(II) Substituted Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalates as Novel Catalysts for the Hydroformylation of 1‐Hexene in a Thermomorphic Solvent System
Authors: Raabe Jan‐Christian , Hombach Lea , Poller Maximilian J. , Collauto Alberto , Roessler Maxie M. , Vorholt Andreas , Beine Anna Katharina , Albert Jakob
Published: March 2024

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a unique class of metal oxides, being of huge interest for the catalysis society. CoII‐substituted phosphomolybdate POMs (namely H7[PCoMo11O40], H11[PCo2Mo10O40] and H15[PCo3Mo9O40]) have been successfully synthesized for the first time. The structure of the new CoII substituted POMs was solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction as well as vibrational (FT‐IR and Raman) and nuclear magnetic/electron paramagnetic resonance (NMR and EPR) spectroscopy and found to be of the Keggin‐type. The Co‐POMs were then applied as molecular catalysts for the hydroformylation of 1‐hexene in a thermomorphic solvent mixture of water and 1‐butanol. This is the very first example of a 1st row transition metal POM acting as a hydroformylation catalyst achieving 46 % heptanal yield. The best results were obtained using H11[PCo2Mo10O40] as a catalyst at 140 °C, 150 bar CO/H2 1 : 2, and a reaction time of 4 h, paving the way for new POM‐based catalysts in hydroformylation reactions.
Perfect Polar Alignment of Parallel Beloamphiphile Layers: Improved Structural Design Bias Realized in Ferroelectric Crystals of the Novel “Methoxyphenyl Series of Acetophenone Azines”
Authors: Bhoday Harmeet , Knotts Nathan , Glaser Rainer
Published: March 2024

An improved design is described for ferroelectric crystals and implemented with the “methoxyphenyl series” of acetophenone azines, (MeO−Ph, Y)‐azines with Y=F (1), Cl (2), Br (3), or I (4). The crystal structures of these azines exhibit polar stacking of parallel beloamphiphile monolayers (PBAMs). Azines 1, 3, and 4 form true racemates whereas chloroazine 2 crystallizes as a kryptoracemate. Azines 1–4 are helical because of the N−N bond conformation. In true racemates the molecules of opposite helicity (M and P) are enantiomers A(M) and A*(P) while in kryptoracemates they are diastereomers A(M) and B*(P). The stacking mode of PBAMs is influenced by halogen bonding, with 2–4 showcasing a kink due to directional interlayer halogen bonding, whereas fluoroazine 1 demonstrates ideal polar stacking by avoiding it. Notably, (MeO−Ph, Y)‐azines display a stronger bias for dipole parallel alignment, attributed to the linearity of the biphenyl moiety as compared to the phenoxy series of (PhO, Y)‐azines with their non‐linear Ph−O−Ph moiety. The crystals of 1–4 all feature planar biphenyls and this synthon facilitates their crystallization through potent triple T‐contacts and enhances their nonlinear optical (NLO) performance by increasing conjugation length and affecting favorable chromophore conformations in the solids.
Quantitative Beschreibung der partiellen Kuchenresuspendierung bei der Filterkuchenwäsche im Labormaßstab
Authors: Henn Hendrik Simon , Sauer Florian , Peuker Urs A. , Hoffner Bernhard
Published: March 2024

Eine Filterkuchenwäsche wird in industriellen Prozessen häufig nach der kuchenbildenden Filtration durchgeführt. Die Auslegung von Waschprozessen erfolgt oft anhand von Laborexperimenten unter vereinfachenden Annahmen. In der Praxis können jedoch unvorhersehbare Effekte auftreten, wie die partielle Resuspendierung des Filterkuchens und die daraus folgende ungewollte Kontamination der Waschflüssigkeit. Eine neue Methode zur Beschreibung der Waschflüssigkeitskontamination auf Basis des resuspendierten Kuchenvolumens wird vorgestellt, die auf der Messung der Verunreinigungskonzentration im Flüssigkeitsüberstand basiert. Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Flüssigkeitsverteiler auf die partielle Resuspendierung wird untersucht.
Ein neues Konzept zur CO2‐Bereitstellung aus Luft als Gaswäsche mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Kussin Peter , Stegmaier Tobias , Müller Christian , Mörs Friedemann , Graf Frank
Published: March 2024

Im Artikel wird ein neuartiges Direct Air Capture (DAC)‐Verfahren vorgestellt, das auf einer Gaswäsche mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten (IL: ionic liquids) beruht. Auf Basis von Voruntersuchungen wurden ein hydrophobes und ein hydrophiles IL‐System für die experimentellen Untersuchungen in einer Versuchsanlage ausgewählt. Es konnte der Nachweis erbracht werden, dass mit dem neuartigen Verfahren konzentriertes CO2‐Produktgas aus der Umgebungsluft gewonnen werden kann.
Single hair analysis for gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid—Method optimization, validation, and application
Authors: Wiedfeld Christopher , Skopp Gisela , Musshoff Frank
Published: March 2024

As gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) underlies fast metabolization, its determination from hair may presumably offer a detection window superior to that of body fluids. Due to the wide range of endogenous concentration levels, the evidence of an exogenous ingestion is challenging. As already shown for other drugs, the temporal resolution obtained by applying single hair microanalysis provides further information. Therefore, a method for the extraction and quantification of GHB in 2‐mm hair segments (seg) was optimized and validated (limit of detection [LOD]: 2.5 pg/seg, lower limit of quantification [LLOQ]: 5 pg/seg), and five single hairs were examined, each for three non‐users and for three (alleged) users. A major challenge was the choice of appropriate extraction tubes without remains of GHB. In two samples from non‐users, GHB could not or could only be detected in trace amounts. In the third sample, concentrations between the LOD and 31.1 pg/seg (mean: 9.5, median: 8.4; each pg/seg) were detected with decreasing values towards the tips. In two samples of persons with assumed GHB intake, maximum concentrations of 6.8 and 30.7 pg/seg were measured, but no significant concentration peaks indicating a single ingestion could be observed. The third sample showed concentrations of 7.6–55.2 pg/seg (mean: 28.8, median: 29.6; each pg/seg). In this case, the obtained profiles showing at least two reproducible concentration maxima between 20 and 40 mm point to an ingestion of GHB. The concentration profiles from single hairs were reproducible in each case, reflecting the concentration course of routine 1‐cm segmental analysis. These are the first results published on GHB testing in segmented single hairs, and the results must be verified further.
Seed sowing shifts native–exotic richness relationships in favor of natives during restoration
Authors: Bassett Tyler J. , Grman Emily , Brudvig Lars A.
Published: March 2024

A central goal of ecological restoration is to promote diverse ecosystems dominated by native species, but restorations are often plagued by exotic species. A better understanding of factors underlying positive correlations between native and exotic species richness, a pattern that is nearly ubiquitous at large scales in plant communities, may help managers modify these correlations to favor native plant species during restoration. Across 29 tallgrass prairie sites restored through seed sowing onto former agricultural lands, we examined whether the relationship between native and exotic richness is (1) altered by management, such as seed additions and prescribed fire; (2) controlled instead by environmental conditions and successional processes; or (3) altered by management in certain environments and not in others. As is commonly found, native and exotic richness were positively correlated at large scales (i.e., across sites) in this study. Management actions explained much of the remaining variation in native richness, while environmental conditions explained very little. Sites sown with more species at higher seeding rates, especially forb species, had higher native richness than predicted by the native–exotic richness relationship. In contrast, native richness was lower in older restorations than predicted by the native–exotic richness relationship, because native richness, and not exotic richness, declined with restoration age. We show that management actions such as seed sowing can modify the native–exotic richness relationship to favor native species during restoration. The development of management actions that mitigate native species richness declines over time will further benefit native species restoration.
Metal‐Free K2S2O8 Mediated Synthesis of 3‐(Substituted)‐2‐Arylisoindolin‐1‐One Derivatives With Cascade C−N/C−C Bond Formations Via Radical Cyclization
Authors: Rana Soumitra , Karmakar Rajiv , Shee Uday , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: March 2024

A facile technique was demonstrated for the synthesis of 2‐hydroxy‐2‐[N‐(alkyl/aryl/heteroaryl)‐3‐oxoisoindolin‐1‐yl]‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐diones by using a metal‐ free persulfate‐mediated one pot three‐component reaction. The reaction involved the combination effect of TBAB (PTC) and K2S2O8 with the addition of the amine to phthalaldehyde and 2,2‐dihydroxyindane‐1,3‐dione to generate isoindolin‐1‐one in‐situ, followed by cyclization.This lactamization process facilitated the formation of C−N bonds under controllable and ambient reaction conditions. A variety of 2‐hydroxy‐2‐[N‐(substituted)‐3‐oxoisoindolin‐1‐yl]‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐diones were successfully synthesized through a radical pathway from isoindolin‐1‐one, involving C−C bond formation. The method demonstrated high functional group compatibility and a wide substrate scope, resulting in moderate to good yields of the desired products. Additionally, the mechanistic analyses demonstrated that isoindolin‐1‐one might be a significant intermediate being involved in the reaction. X‐ray diffraction analysis was used to examine the crystal structures of synthesized 2‐hydroxy‐2‐[N‐(substituted)‐3‐oxoisoindolin‐1‐yl]‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐diones. Furthermore, it seems that the reaction mechanism involves a radical pathway.