bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy through the lens of neutral helium microscopy
Authors: Myles Thomas A. , Eder Sabrina D. , Barr Matthew G. , Fahy Adam , Martens Joel , Dastoor Paul C.
Published: February 2019

The field of taxonomy is critically important for the identification, conservation, and ecology of biological species. Modern taxonomists increasingly need to employ advanced imaging techniques to classify organisms according to their observed morphological features. Moreover, the generation of three-dimensional datasets is of growing interest; moving beyond qualitative analysis to true quantitative classification. Unfortunately, biological samples are highly vulnerable to degradation under the energetic probes often used to generate these datasets. Neutral atom beam microscopes avoid such damage due to the gentle nature of their low energy probe, but to date have not been capable of producing three-dimensional data. Here we demonstrate a means to recover the height information for samples imaged in the scanning helium microscope (SHeM) via the process of stereophotogrammetry. The extended capabilities, namely sparse three-dimensional reconstructions of features, were showcased via taxonomic studies of both flora (Arabidopsis thaliana) and fauna (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). In concert with the delicate nature of neutral helium atom beam microscopy, the stereophotogrammetry technique provides the means to derive comprehensive taxonomical data without the risk of sample degradation due to the imaging process.
Combined morphological and functional liver MRI using spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ) in conjunction with Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MRI
Authors: Stief Jonas D. , Haase Moritz , Lüdemann Lutz , Theilig Dorothea , Schmelzle Moritz , Hamm Bernd , Denecke Timm , Geisel Dominik
Published: February 2019

Noninvasive early detection of liver cirrhosis and fibrosis is essential for management and therapy. The aim was to investigated whether a combination of the functional parameter relative enhancement (RE) on Gadoxetic Acid magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI) and the fibrosis parameter T1ρ distinguishes cirrhosis and healthy liver. We analyzed patients with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and T1ρ mapping. Signal intensity was measured before and after contrast; RE was calculated. T1ρ was measured with circular regions of interest (T1ρ-cROI). A quotient of RE and T1ρ-cROI was calculated: the fibrosis function quotient (FFQ). Cirrhosis was evaluated based on morphology and secondary changes. 213 datasets were included. The difference between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver was 51.11 ms vs. 47.56 ms for T1ρ-cROI (p < 0.001), 0.59 vs. 0.70 for RE (p < 0.001), and 89.53 vs. 70.83 for FFQ (p < 0.001). T1ρ-cROI correlated with RE, r = −0.14 (p < 0.05). RE had an AUC of 0.73. The largest AUC had the FFQ with 0.79. The best cutoff value was 48.34 ms for T1ρ-cROI, 0.70 for RE and 78.59 ms for FFQ. In conclusion T1ρ and RE can distinguish between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver. The FFQ, which is the combination of the two, improves diagnostic performance.
Smart bone plates can monitor fracture healing
Authors: Lin Monica C. , Hu Diane , Marmor Meir , Herfat Safa T. , Bahney Chelsea S. , Maharbiz Michel M.
Published: February 2019

There are currently no standardized methods for assessing fracture healing, with physicians relying on X-rays which are only useful at later stages of repair. Using in vivo mouse fracture models, we present the first evidence that microscale instrumented implants provide a route for post-operative fracture monitoring, utilizing electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to track the healing tissue with high sensitivity. In this study, we fixed mouse long bone fractures with external fixators and bone plates. EIS measurements taken across two microelectrodes within the fracture gap were able to track longitudinal differences between individual mice with good versus poor healing. We additionally present an equivalent circuit model that combines the EIS data to classify fracture repair states. Lastly, we show that EIS measurements strongly correlated with standard quantitative µCT values and that these correlations validate clinically-relevant operating frequencies for implementation of this technique. These results demonstrate that EIS can be integrated into current fracture management strategies such as bone plating, providing physicians with quantitative information about the state of fracture repair to guide clinical decision-making for patients.
Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy associated with inhibition of autophagic degradation process and defects in mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Abdullah Chowdhury S. , Alam Shafiul , Aishwarya Richa , Miriyala Sumitra , Bhuiyan Mohammad Alfrad Nobel , Panchatcharam Manikandan , Pattillo Christopher B. , Orr A. Wayne , Sadoshima Junichi , Hill Joseph A. , Bhuiyan Md. Shenuarin
Published: February 2019

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a highly effective anticancer drug but cause acute ventricular dysfunction, and also induce late-onset cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Despite extensive studies, the pathogenic sequelae leading to the progression of Dox-associated cardiomyopathy remains unknown. We assessed temporal changes in autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, and bioenergetics in mouse models of acute and chronic Dox-cardiomyopathy. Time course study of acute Dox-treatment showed accumulation of LC3B II in heart lysates. Autophagy flux assays confirmed that the Dox-induced accumulation of autophagosomes occurs due to blockage of the lysosomal degradation process. Dox-induced autophagosomes and autolysosome accumulation were confirmed in vivo by using GFP-LC3 and mRFP-GFP-LC3 transgenic (Tg) mice. Mitochondria isolated from acute Dox-treated hearts showed significant suppression of oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Chronic Dox-cardiotoxicity also exhibited time-dependent accumulation of LC3B II levels and increased accumulation of green puncta in GFP-LC3 Tg hearts. Mitochondria isolated from chronic Dox-treated hearts also showed significant suppression of mitochondrial OCR. The in vivo impairment of autophagic degradation process and mitochondrial dysfunction data were confirmed in vitro using cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. Both acute and chronic Dox-associated cardiomyopathy involves a multifocal disease process resulting from autophagosomes and autolysosomes accumulation, altered expression of mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation regulatory proteins, and mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction.
Regional specificity of cortico-thalamic coupling strength and directionality during waxing and waning of spike and wave discharges
Authors: Lüttjohann Annika , Pape Hans-Christian
Published: February 2019

Spike-wave discharges (SWDs) on the EEG during absence epilepsy are waxing and waning stages of corticothalamic hypersynchrony. While the somatosensory cortex contains an epileptic focus, the role of thalamic nuclei in SWD generation is debated. Here we assess the contribution of distinct thalamic nuclei through multiple-site unit recordings in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy and cross-correlation analysis, revealing coupling strength and directionality of neuronal activity at high temporal resolution. Corticothalamic coupling increased and decreased during waxing and waning of SWD, respectively. A cortical drive on either sensory or higher order thalamic nuclei distinguished between onset and offset of SWD, respectively. Intrathalamic coupling steadily increased during maintained SWD activity, peaked at SWD offset, and subsequently displayed a sharp decline to baseline. The peak in intrathalamic coupling coincided with a sharp increase in coupling strength between reticular thalamic nucleus and somatosensory cortex. This increased influence of the inhibitory reticular thalamic nucleus is suggested to serve as a break for SWD activity. Overall, the data extend the cortical focus theory of absence epilepsy by identifying a regionally specific cortical lead over distinct thalamic nuclei, particularly also during waning of generalized epileptic discharges, thereby revealing a potential window and location for intervention.
Rosiglitazone blocks first trimester in-vitro placental injury caused by NF-κB-mediated inflammation
Authors: Kadam Leena , Kilburn Brian , Baczyk Dora , Kohan-Ghadr Hamid Reza , Kingdom John , Drewlo Sascha
Published: February 2019

Increased inflammation and abnormal placentation are common features of a wide spectrum of pregnancy-related disorders such as intra uterine growth restriction, preeclampsia and preterm birth. The inflammatory response of the human placenta has been mostly investigated in relation to cytokine release, but the direct molecular consequences on trophoblast differentiation have not been investigated. This study measured the general effects of LPS on both extravillous and villous trophoblast physiology, and the involvement of the transcription factors PPARγ and NF-κB, specifically using 1sttrimester explants and HTR-8/ SVneo cell line models. While both proteins are known for their roles in inflammatory pathways, PPARγ has been identified as an important molecule in trophoblast differentiation, suggesting its potential role in mediating a crosstalk between inflammation and trophoblast differentiation. Here, LPS (1 µg/ml) exposure of first trimester placental villous explants resulted in secretion of inflammatory cytokines, induction of apoptosis and reduction in trophoblast cell proliferation. Additionally, LPS significantly reduced expression of the trophoblast differentiation proteins GCM1 and β-hCG, and increased invasion of the extravillous trophoblast. Activation of PPARγ by Rosiglitazone (10 µM) reversed the LPS-mediated effects on inflammatory cytokine release, trophoblast apoptosis and proliferation compared to controls. Lastly, markers of trophoblast differentiation and invasion reverted to control levels upon activation of PPARγ and concomitant inhibition of NF-κB (either by Rosiglitazone or NF-κB specific inhibitor), revealing a new role for NF-κB in trophoblast invasion. This study reveals a novel PPARγ - NF-κB axis that coordinates inflammatory and differentiation pathways in the human placenta. The ability to reverse trophoblast-associated inflammation with Rosiglitazone offers promise that the PPARγ – NF-κB pathway could one day provide a therapeutic target for placental dysfunction associated with both inflammation and abnormal trophoblast differentiation.
DeepWeeds: A Multiclass Weed Species Image Dataset for Deep Learning
Authors: Olsen Alex , Konovalov Dmitry A. , Philippa Bronson , Ridd Peter , Wood Jake C. , Johns Jamie , Banks Wesley , Girgenti Benjamin , Kenny Owen , Whinney James , Calvert Brendan , Azghadi Mostafa Rahimi , White Ronald D.
Published: February 2019

Robotic weed control has seen increased research of late with its potential for boosting productivity in agriculture. Majority of works focus on developing robotics for croplands, ignoring the weed management problems facing rangeland stock farmers. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to widespread uptake of robotic weed control is the robust classification of weed species in their natural environment. The unparalleled successes of deep learning make it an ideal candidate for recognising various weed species in the complex rangeland environment. This work contributes the first large, public, multiclass image dataset of weed species from the Australian rangelands; allowing for the development of robust classification methods to make robotic weed control viable. The DeepWeeds dataset consists of 17,509 labelled images of eight nationally significant weed species native to eight locations across northern Australia. This paper presents a baseline for classification performance on the dataset using the benchmark deep learning models, Inception-v3 and ResNet-50. These models achieved an average classification accuracy of 95.1% and 95.7%, respectively. We also demonstrate real time performance of the ResNet-50 architecture, with an average inference time of 53.4 ms per image. These strong results bode well for future field implementation of robotic weed control methods in the Australian rangelands.
Analysing the Motions of Spray Droplets on a Cow’s Surface to Relieve Heat Stress
Authors: Li Guangzhi , Wang Zonglun , Shi Zhengxiang , Ding Tao , He Qian , Hong Shuai
Published: February 2019

Exploring the behaviour of sprayed water droplets on dairy cow hair during the spraying process is of great significance to improve the effects of this process on cooling a dairy cow’s body. In this paper, we use a high-speed camera to examine the sprayed droplets of different diameters and then analyse the experimental results. The results show that the movements of sprayed droplets on the simulated dairy cow (SDC) surface can be divided into four categories: random scattering, aggregation, multiple deformations and flow slipping. Sprayed droplets with diameters of 0.56 mm and 0.8 mm exhibit more frequent random scattering than do other droplets. However, this behaviour is unfavourable for cooling the dairy cow body. By analysing the dimensionless parameter B, we find that sprayed droplets with a diameter of 1.1 mm, which have a higher frequency of aggregation, is not conducive for cooling the dairy cow body. However, multiple deformations can contribute to the cooling process of a SDC. By analysing the relationship between We and γ, we can find the range of We and γ in which the behaviour of random scattering and multiple deformations may appear more frequently. The results show that sprayed droplets with diameters of 0.8 mm–1.0 mm exhibit multiple deformations more frequently, which is beneficial for the cooling process of a SDC.
Enrichment of bacteria and alginate lyase genes potentially involved in brown alga degradation in the gut of marine gastropods
Authors: Ito Michihiro , Watanabe Kotaro , Maruyama Toru , Mori Tetsushi , Niwa Kentaro , Chow Seinen , Takeyama Haruko
Published: February 2019

Gut bacteria of phytophagous and omnivorous marine invertebrates often possess alginate lyases (ALGs), which are key enzymes for utilizing macroalgae as carbon neutral biomass. We hypothesized that the exclusive feeding of a target alga to marine invertebrates would shift the gut bacterial diversity suitable for degrading the algal components. To test this hypothesis, we reared sea hare (Dolabella auricularia) and sea snail (Batillus cornutus) for two to four weeks with exclusive feeding of a brown alga (Ecklonia cava). Pyrosequencing analysis of the gut bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed shifts in the gut microbiota after rearing, mainly due to a decrease in the variety of bacterial members. Significant increases in six and four 16S rRNA gene phylotypes were observed in the reared sea hares and sea snails, respectively, and some of them were phylogenetically close to known alginate-degrading bacteria. Clone library analysis of PL7 family ALG genes using newly designed degenerate primer sets detected a total of 50 ALG gene phylotypes based on 90% amino acid identity. The number of ALG gene phylotypes increased in the reared sea hare but decreased in reared sea snail samples, and no phylotype was shared between them. Out of the 50 phylotypes, 15 were detected only after the feeding procedure. Thus, controlled feeding strategy may be valid and useful for the efficient screening of genes suitable for target alga fermentation.
Indispensable role of β-arrestin2 in the protection of remifentanil preconditioning against hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury
Authors: Yang Yuting , Chen Caiyang , Cui Cui , Jiao Yingfu , Li Peiying , Zhu Ling , Yu Weifeng , Xia Qiang , Wen Daxiang , Yang Liqun
Published: February 2019

Our previous study demonstrated that remifentanil, an opioid agonist, conferred profound liver protection during hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI), in which Toll-like receptors (TLRs) played a crucial role in mediating the inflammatory responses. β-arrestin2, a well-known mu opioid receptor desensitizer, is also a negatively regulator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory reactions in a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent manner. Using the rodent models of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury both in wild type and TLR4 knockout (TLR4 KO) mice, we found that remifentanil preconditioning could inhibit the expression of TLR4 and reduce the inflammatory response induced by HIRI in wild type but not in TLR4 KO mice. For the in-vitro study, LPS was used to treat RAW264.7 macrophage cells to mimic the inflammatory response induced by HIRI. Remifentanil increased β-arrestin2 expression both in vivo and in vitro, while after silencing β-arrestin2 RNA, the effect of remifentanil in reducing cell death and apoptosis, as well as decreasing phosphorylation of ERK and JNK were abolished in RAW264.7 cells. These data suggested that remifentanil could ameliorate mice HIRI through upregulating β-arrestin2 expression, which may function as a key molecule in bridging opioid receptor and TLR4 pathway.
Chlorophyll Rings around Ocean Eddies in the North Pacific
Authors: Xu Guangjun , Dong Changming , Liu Yu , Gaube Peter , Yang Jingsong
Published: February 2019

Chlorophyll rings (CRs) are defined as elevated chlorophyll along eddy peripheries and have been observed in anticyclonic oceanic eddies occasionally. This study presents observations of CRs around both anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies from a large observational data set. An innovative algorithm is developed to identify CRs from satellite observations of sea level anomalies and near-surface chlorophyll concentration in the North Pacific Ocean between 2003 and 2010. The results show that only 1% of mesoscale eddies are associated with CRs, which implies the CRs are not ubiquitous. We propose two potential generation mechanisms for CRs: horizontal advection and wind-current interaction. The former dominates the formation of about two-thirds of the CRs. The CRs associated with both cyclones and anticyclones represents an important contribution to better understanding of mesoscale physical/biological coupled phenomena.
Integrated analysis of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the semen from Holstein bulls with high and low sperm motility
Authors: Wang Xiuge , Yang Chunhong , Guo Fang , Zhang Yaran , Ju Zhihua , Jiang Qiang , Zhao Xueming , Liu Yong , Zhao Han , Wang Jinpeng , Sun Yan , Wang Changfa , Zhu Huabin , Huang Jinming
Published: February 2019

Sperm motility is the main index used to assess the quality of bull semen. It may also be used to evaluate the fertility potential of bulls. Protein-coding mRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) participate in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Here, we employed strand-specific RNA sequencing to profile the semen transcriptome (mRNA and lncRNA) of six paired full-sibling Holstein bulls with divergent sperm motility and to determine the functions of mRNA and lncRNA in sperm motility. Among 20,875 protein-encoding genes detected in semen, 19 were differentially expressed between the high sperm motility group (H: H1, H2, and H3) and low sperm motility group (L: L1, L2, and L3). Of the 11,561 lncRNAs identified in sperm, 2,517 were differentially expressed between the H and L groups. We found that TCONS_00041733 lncRNA targets the node gene EFNA1 (ephrin A1), involved in male reproductive physiology. Our study provides a global mRNA and lncRNA transcriptome of bull semen, as well as novel insights into the regulation of neighboring protein coding by lncRNAs and the influence of mRNAs on sperm motility.
The intrepid urban coyote: a comparison of bold and exploratory behavior in coyotes from urban and rural environments
Authors: Breck Stewart W. , Poessel Sharon A. , Mahoney Peter , Young Julie K.
Published: February 2019

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are highly adaptable, medium-sized carnivores that now inhabit nearly every large city in the United States and Canada. To help understand how coyotes have adapted to living in urban environments, we compared two ecologically and evolutionarily important behavioral traits (i.e., bold-shy and exploration-avoidance behavior) in two contrasting environments (i.e., rural and urban). Boldness is an individual’s reaction to a risky situation and exploration is an individual’s willingness to explore novel situations. Our results from both tests indicate that urban coyotes are bolder and more exploratory than rural coyotes and that within both populations there are individuals that vary across both spectrums. Bolder behavior in urban coyotes emerged over several decades and we speculate on possible processes (e.g., learning and selection) and site differences that could be playing a role in this behavioral adaptation. We hypothesize that an important factor is how people treat coyotes; in the rural area coyotes were regularly persecuted whereas in the urban area coyotes were rarely persecuted and sometimes positively rewarded to be in close proximity of people. Negative consequences of this behavioral adaptation are coyotes that become bold enough to occasionally prey on pets or attack humans.
Impact of lipid binding on the tertiary structure and allergenic potential of Jug r 3, the non-specific lipid transfer protein from walnut
Authors: Dubiela Pawel , Del Conte Rebecca , Cantini Francesca , Borowski Tomasz , Aina Roberta , Radauer Christian , Bublin Merima , Hoffmann-Sommergruber Karin , Alessandri Stefano
Published: February 2019

Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins type 1 (nsLTP1) are small basic proteins with a hydrophobic cavity able to host a number of different ligands: i.e. fatty acids, fatty acyl-CoA, phospholipids, glycolipids, and hydroxylated fatty acids. However, ligand binding specificity differs among nsLTPs. Within this protein family, Jug r 3 from walnut has been identified as a major allergen. So far, data on the structural characterization of Jug r 3 and its lipid binding capacity are lacking. We report the results from a fluorescence-based ligand-binding assay and ligand-based NMR experiments, to study the binding interactions between Jug r 3 and the 18-carbon monounsaturated oleic acid. Furthermore, protein-based NMR experiments were employed to detect the oleate binding site of Jug r 3. The NMR data were used to dock the oleate molecule into the structural model of Jug r 3. Finally, the impact of the interaction on the allergenic potential of Jug r 3 was investigated by IgE ELISA with 6 sera from walnut allergic patients. Our data corroborate the hypothesis of direct impact of food-derived matrix on the IgE reactivity of nsLTPs.
Reproductive adaptation in alate adult morphs of the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae under starvation stress
Authors: Xu Xiangli , Lv Nannan , Shi Qi , Hu Xiangshun , Wu Junxiang
Published: February 2019

Adapting their reproductive physiology is a tactic that insects use in responding to conditions of food unavailability. The present study examined the potential effects of starvation periods on the ovarian development and reproduction of alate adult morphs of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius). Morphs both continuously fed and starved aphids contained two telotrophic ovaries, each comprising five ovarioles. As time increase after emergence, the number of offspring produced by the fed aphids increased gradually, whereas the number of embryos in their ovaries decreased gradually. Both the number of mature embryos and the volume of embryos rapidly increased at 24 h after emergence, and then remained at an approximately constant level between 24 and 144 h. Compared to the fed aphids, starved aphids only produced a small number of nymphs, and there was no significant change in the total number of embryos between 24 and 144 h, whereas both the number of mature embryos and volume of embryos increased significantly. Irrespective of starvation period, highly significant relationships between life span and fecundity were found. Adult aphids starved for longer periods presented lower longevity and fecundity, but dead females contained more mature embryos than those starved for shorter periods. These results suggested that, under starvation stress, S. avenae tends to invest in the development of larger embryos at the expense of reducing lifespan and future fecundity. This adaptive reproductive strategy under starvation stress could be one of the factors contributing to the successful establishment of new colonies of alate migratory aphids.
On the mechanism of the electrophysiological changes and membrane lesions induced by asbestos fiber exposure in Xenopus laevis oocytes
Authors: Bernareggi Annalisa , Conte Giorgia , Constanti Andrew , Borelli Violetta , Vita Francesca , Zabucchi Giuliano
Published: February 2019

The so-called amphibole asbestos fibers are enriched with mineral iron ions, able to stimulate ROS production. We recently reported that crocidolite asbestos was able to interact with the cell membranes of Xenopus laevis oocytes, to alter their electrical membrane properties. Here, we found that applied iron ions (Fe3+) or H2O2 (for ROS generation) mimicked these effects, suggesting that at least one effect of iron-containing asbestos fiber exposure was mediated by ROS production. Furthermore, combined Fe3+ and H2O2 acted synergistically, producing a membrane effect stronger than that induced by these factors alone. Similar to crocidolite, these changes peaked within 30 minutes of incubation and vanished almost completely after 120 min. However, in the presence of cytochalasin D, which inhibits membrane actin repair mechanisms, crocidolite or applied Fe3+/H2O2 invariably produced oocyte cell death. While the electrophysiological modifications induced by crocidolite suggested a modification of an intrinsic chloride ion channel, the morphological appearance of the treated oocytes also indicated the formation of membrane “pores”; the effects of asbestos exposure may therefore consist of multiple (not necessarily exclusive) underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, using Xenopus oocytes allowed us for the first time, to focus on a specific membrane effect of crocidolite asbestos exposure, which deserves to be tested also on human lung cell lines. Much available evidence suggests that asbestos fibers damage cells through the production of ROS. Our present data confirm that crocidolite fibers can indeed trigger ROS-mediated damaging effects in the oocyte cell membrane, provided iron ions and H2O2 are available for ROS production.
Orange jasmine as a trap crop to control Diaphorina citri
Authors: Tomaseto Arthur F. , Marques Rodrigo N. , Fereres Alberto , Zanardi Odimar Z. , Volpe Haroldo X. L. , Alquézar Berta , Peña Leandro , Miranda Marcelo P.
Published: February 2019

Novel, suitable and sustainable alternative control tactics that have the potential to reduce migration of Diaphorina citri into commercial citrus orchards are essential to improve management of huanglongbing (HLB). In this study, the effect of orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata) as a border trap crop on psyllid settlement and dispersal was assessed in citrus orchards. Furthermore, volatile emission profiles and relative attractiveness of both orange jasmine and sweet orange (Citrus × aurantium L., syn. Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) nursery flushes to D. citri were investigated. In newly established citrus orchards, the trap crop reduced the capture of psyllids in yellow sticky traps and the number of psyllids that settled on citrus trees compared to fallow mowed grass fields by 40% and 83%, respectively. Psyllids were attracted and killed by thiamethoxam-treated orange jasmine suggesting that the trap crop could act as a ‘sink’ for D. citri. Additionally, the presence of the trap crop reduced HLB incidence by 43%. Olfactometer experiments showed that orange jasmine plays an attractive role on psyllid behavior and that this attractiveness may be associated with differences in the volatile profiles emitted by orange jasmine in comparison with sweet orange. Results indicated that insecticide-treated M. paniculata may act as a trap crop to attract and kill D. citri before they settled on the edges of citrus orchards, which significantly contributes to the reduction of HLB primary spread.
Controllable beam reshaping by mixing square-shaped and hexagonal optical vortex lattices
Authors: Stoyanov L. , Maleshkov G. , Zhekova M. , Stefanov I. , Paulus G. G. , Dreischuh A.
Published: February 2019

In the present work we show experimentally and by numerical calculations a substantial far-field beam reshaping by mixing square-shaped and hexagonal optical vortex (OV) lattices composed of vortices with alternatively changing topological charges. We show that the small-scale structure of the observed pattern results from the OV lattice with the larger array node spacing, whereas the large-scale structure stems from the OV lattice with the smaller array node spacing. In addition, we demonstrate that it is possible to host an OV, a one-dimensional, or a quasi-two-dimensional singular beam in each of the bright beams of the generated focal patterns. The detailed experimental data at different square-to-hexagonal vortex array node spacings shows that this quantity could be used as a control parameter for generating the desired focused structure. The experimental data are in excellent agreement with the numerical simulations.
Terrestrial mammalian wildlife responses to Unmanned Aerial Systems approaches
Authors: Bennitt Emily , Bartlam-Brooks Hattie L. A. , Hubel Tatjana Y. , Wilson Alan M.
Published: February 2019

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are increasingly being used recreationally, commercially and for wildlife research, but very few studies have quantified terrestrial mammalian reactions to UAS approaches. We used two Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) UAS to approach seven herbivore species in the Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana, after securing the relevant permissions. We recorded responses to 103 vertical and 120 horizontal approaches, the latter from three altitudes above ground level (AGL). We ran mixed logistic regressions to identify factors triggering (i) any response and (ii) an evasive response. We included effects of activity, altitude, direction of approach, distance, habitat, herd type, herd size, other species, target species, time, VTOL type and wind strength. Response triggers were linked to altitude, distance, habitat and target species. Elephant (Loxodonta africana), giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and zebra (Equus quagga) were most affected by VTOL approach, impala (Aepyceros melampus) and lechwe (Kobus leche) were least responsive, and tsessebe (Damaliscus lunatus) displayed intermediate sensitivity. VTOLs flown lower than 60 m AGL and closer than 100 m horizontal distance from target animals triggered behavioural responses in most species. Enforced regulations on recreational UAS use in wildlife areas are necessary to minimise disturbance to terrestrial mammals.
Genetic susceptibility of common polymorphisms in NIN and SIGLEC5 to chronic periodontitis
Authors: Tong Hua , Wei Zhuliang , Yin Jing , Zhang Bo , Zhang Tianxiao , Deng Chunni , Huang Yali , Zhang Nan
Published: February 2019

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common oral disease characterized by the slow progression of alveolar attachment loss and bone destruction. Genetic components have been reported to play an important role in the onset and development of CP. In the present study, we aimed to replicate the association signals of NIN and SIGLEC5 identified in previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of samples from Chinese Han individuals. Association signals between clinical severity indicators of CP and relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also examined. A total of 3,160 study subjects, including 1,076 CP patients and 2,084 healthy controls, were recruited. A total of 32 SNPs, including 22 from NIN and 10 from SIGLEC5, were selected for genotyping. SNPs rs12883458 (OR = 1.45, P = 1.22 × 10−5, NIN) and rs4284742 (OR = 0.75, P = 1.69 × 10−5, SIGLEC5) were significantly associated with CP disease status. rs4284742 was significantly associated with all 3 clinical severity indicators, including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). According to evidence from bioinformatics analyses, both significant SNPs, rs12883458 and rs4284742, are likely surrogates of underlying variants with true effects. In summary, our findings provide direct evidence for the association of NIN and SIGLEC5 with CP susceptibility.
The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Central Asia: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regression analyses
Authors: Botheju Welathanthrige S. P. , Zghyer Fawzi , Mahmud Sarwat , Terlikbayeva Assel , El-Bassel Nabila , Abu-Raddad Laith J.
Published: February 2019

The objective was to delineate hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology in countries of Central Asia (CA), specifically Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. A systematic review was conducted guided by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, and reported using PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses were performed using DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models with inverse variance weighting. Random-effects meta-regression analyses were performed on general population studies. The systematic review identified a total of 208 HCV prevalence measures. No incidence or Turkmenistan studies were identified. Meta-analyses estimated HCV prevalence among the general population at 0.7% (95%CI: 0.7–0.8%) in Kazakhstan, 2.0% (95%CI: 1.7–2.4%) in Kyrgyzstan, 2.6% (95%CI: 1.7–3.6%) in Tajikistan, and 9.6 (95%CI: 5.8–14.2%) in Uzbekistan. Across CA, the pooled mean prevalence was 13.5% (95%CI: 10.9–16.4%) among non-specific clinical populations, 31.6% (95%CI: 25.8–37.7%) among populations with liver-related conditions, and 51.3% (95%CI: 46.9–55.6%) among people who inject drugs. Genotypes 1 (52.6%) and 3 (38.0%) were most frequent. Evidence was found for statistically-significant differences in prevalence by country, but not for a temporal decline in prevalence. CA is one of the most affected regions by HCV infection with Uzbekistan enduring one of the highest prevalence levels worldwide. Ongoing HCV transmission seems to be driven by injecting drug use and healthcare exposures.
Increase in secreted airway mucins and partial Muc5b STAT6/FoxA2 regulation during Pneumocystis primary infection
Authors: Rojas Diego A. , Iturra Pablo A. , Méndez Andrea , Ponce Carolina A. , Bustamante Rebeca , Gallo Miriam , Bórquez Pamela , Vargas Sergio L.
Published: February 2019

Airway mucus responses to subclinical infections may explain variations in progression of chronic lung diseases and differences in clinical expression of respiratory infections across individuals. Pneumocystis associates to more severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, respiratory distress of premature newborns, and is a consistent subclinical infection between 2 and 5 months of age when hospitalizations for respiratory cause and infant mortality are higher. This atypical fungus associates to increased mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), a central effector of Th2-type allergic inflammation, in infant lungs. However, mucus progression, expression of MUC5B essential for airway defense, and potential for pharmacologic modulation of mucus during Pneumocystis infection remain unknown. We measured MUC5B and Pneumocystis in infant lungs, and progression of mucin levels and effect of inhibition of the STAT6/FoxA2 mucus pathway using Kaempferol, a JAK/STAT6 inhibitor, in immunocompetent rats during Pneumocystis primary infection. Pneumocystis associated to increased MUC5B in infant lungs. Muc5b increased earlier and more abundantly than Muc5ac during experimental primary infection suggesting an acute defensive response against Pneumocystis as described against bacteria, while increased Muc5ac levels supports an ongoing allergic, Th2 lymphocyte-type response during primary Pneumocystis infection. Kaempferol partly reversed Muc5b stimulation suggesting limited potential for pharmacological modulation via the STAT6-FoxA2 pathway.
Screening of Fungi for Potential Application of Self-Healing Concrete
Authors: Menon Rakenth R. , Luo Jing , Chen Xiaobo , Zhou Hui , Liu Zhiyong , Zhou Guangwen , Zhang Ning , Jin Congrui
Published: February 2019

Concrete is susceptible to cracking owing to drying shrinkage, freeze-thaw cycles, delayed ettringite formation, reinforcement corrosion, creep and fatigue, etc. Continuous inspection and maintenance of concrete infrastructure require onerous labor and high costs. If the damaging cracks can heal by themselves without any human interference or intervention, that could be of great attraction. In this study, a novel self-healing approach is investigated, in which fungi are applied to heal cracks in concrete by promoting calcium carbonate precipitation. The goal of this investigation is to discover the most appropriate species of fungi for the application of biogenic crack repair. Our results showed that, despite the significant pH increase owing to the leaching of calcium hydroxide from concrete, Aspergillus nidulans (MAD1445), a pH regulatory mutant, could grow on concrete plates and promote calcium carbonate precipitation.
Label-free molecular mapping and assessment of glycogen inC. elegans
Authors: Cherkas Andriy , Mondol Abdullah Saif , Rüger Jan , Urban Nadine , Popp Jürgen , Klotz Lars-Oliver , Schie Iwan W.
Published: February 2019

Raman spectroscopy reveals distribution of glycogen inC. elegans.
Direct access to substituted benzo[b]carbazoles through cascade annulation of 2-vinylbenzaldehydes with indoles
Authors: Li Deng-Yuan , Wang An , Zhu Xiao-Ping , Feng Wei , Liu Pei-Nian
Published: February 2019

A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed cascade annulation of 2-vinylbenzaldehydes with indoles has been achieved to afford 6-(3-indolyl)benzo[b]carbazoles under mild conditions in good yield and with excellent regioselectivity.
Citrate-controlled chemical solution deposition of PbSe thin films
Authors: Perez Maayan , Templeman Tzvi , Shandalov Michael , Ezersky Vladimir , Yahel Eyal , Golan Yuval
Published: February 2019

Trisodium citrate profoundly affects chemical solution deposition of PbSe thin films. Variation of citrate concentration allows control over grain size, and consequently, over photoluminescence emission from the films.
Energetics of ice nucleation in mesoporous titania using positron annihilation spectroscopy
Authors: Thangswamy Muthulakshmi , Dutta D. , Maheshwari Priya , Sen Debasis , Pujari P. K.
Published: February 2019

Degree of pore filling controls the energetics of ice nucleation in titania mesopores.
The application of the surface energy based solubility parameter theory for the rational design of polymer-functionalized MWCNTs
Authors: Quijano Velasco Pablo , Porfyrakis Kyriakos , Grobert Nicole
Published: February 2019

Solubility parameter theories can be used to model the degree of polymer functionalization of MWCNTs in different solvent media.
Immobilisation of sulphur on cathodes of lithium–sulphur batteries via B-doped atomic-layer carbon materials
Authors: Rao Dewei , Yang Huan , Shen Xiangqian , Yan Xiaohong , Qiao Guanjun
Published: February 2019

B-Doped graphdiyne can suppress dissolution of sulphides as the polarized B sites and acetenyl groups have strong attraction to sulphides.
Insights into the biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by the old yellow enzyme family of flavoproteins. A computational study
Authors: Yang Zhilin , Wei Tong , Huang Hui , Yang Hong , Zhou Yang , Xu Dingguo
Published: February 2019

The π–π stacking and π–π interaction competition mechanism for the TNT biotransformation catalyzed by the OYE family.
An environmentally benign multi-component reaction: regioselective synthesis of fluorinated 2-aminopyridines using diverse properties of the nitro group
Authors: Du Xuan-Xuan , Zi Quan-Xing , Wu Yu-Meng , Jin Yi , Lin Jun , Yan Sheng-Jiao
Published: February 2019

A procedure was developed for the synthesis of fluorinated 2-aminopyridines based on the reactions of 1,1-enediamines, benzaldehydes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Formation of precisely composed cancer cell clusters using a cell assembly generator (CAGE) for studying paracrine signaling at single-cell resolution
Authors: Fatsis-Kavalopoulos Nikos , O'Callaghan Paul , Xie Beichen , Hernández Vera Rodrigo , Idevall-Hagren Olof , Kreuger Johan
Published: February 2019

Generation of exact cell clusters in the CAGE chip allows for paracrine signaling studies in models of specific tissue niches.
Active uptake of hydrophilic copper complex Cu(ii)–TETA in primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Fu Chunyan , Lizhao Junhong , Luo Zhenghui , Wang Tao , Grapperhaus Craig A , Ding Xueqin , Kang Y James
Published: February 2019

Myocardial ischemia leads to copper efflux from the heart. The ischemic tissue with a low copper content fails to take up copper from the circulation even under the conditions of serum copper elevation. Cardiac copper repletion thus requires other available forms of this element than those currently known to bind to copper transport proteins. The copper complex of triethylenetetramine (TETA) is a metabolite of TETA, which has the potential to increase cardiac copper content in vivo. In the present study, we synthesized Cu(ii)–TETA, analyzed its crystal structure, and demonstrated the role of this compound in facilitating copper accumulation in primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The Cu(ii)–TETA compound formed a square pyramidal chloride salt [Cu(TETA)Cl]Cl structure, which dissociates from chloride in aqueous solution to yield the four-coordinate dication Cu(ii)–TETA. Cu(ii)–TETA was accumulated as an intact compound in cardiomyocytes. Analysis from time-dependent copper accumulation in cardiomyocytes defined a different dynamic process in copper uptake between Cu(ii)–TETA and CuCl2 exposure. An additive copper accumulation in cardiomyocytes was found when the cells were exposed to both CuCl2 and Cu(ii)–TETA. Gene silencing of copper transport 1 (CTR1) did not affect cross-membrane transportation of Cu(ii)–TETA, but inhibited copper cellular accumulation from CuCl2. Furthermore, the uptake of Cu(ii)–TETA by cardiomyocytes was ATP-dependent. It is thus concluded that the formation of Cu(ii)–TETA facilitates copper accumulation in cardiomyocytes through an active CTR1-independent transportation process.
Detecting and targeting senescent cells using molecularly imprinted nanoparticles
Authors: Ekpenyong-Akiba Akang E. , Canfarotta Francesco , Abd H. Bashar , Poblocka Marta , Casulleras Mireia , Castilla-Vallmanya Laura , Kocsis-Fodor Gabriella , Kelly Michael E. , Janus Justyna , Althubiti Mohammad , Piletska Elena , Piletsky Sergey , Macip Salvador
Published: February 2019

Nanoparticles (MIPs) specifically detect and target senescent cells by binding to a surface protein, showing also specificityin vivo.
High-performance N2-to-NH3 fixation by a metal-free electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhao Jinxiu , Ren Xiang , Li Xianghong , Fan Dawei , Sun Xu , Ma Hongmin , Wei Qin , Wu Dan
Published: February 2019

Mesoporous boron nitride metal-free electrocatalyst incarnates high-performance for N2 reduction reaction under ambient conditions.
A green approach of preparation of fine active alumina with high specific surface area from sodium aluminate solution
Authors: Wu Guoyu , Liu Guihua , Li Xiaobin , Peng Zhihong , Zhou Qiusheng , Qi Tiangui
Published: February 2019

A green preparation of fine active alumina from saturated sodium aluminate solution by phase evolution is presented. High capillary pressure, numerous mesopores, and the inhibition of aggregation produced FAA with an extremely high specific surface area.
Photoaddition reactions of N-benzylglycinates containing α-trimethylsilyl group with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate: competitive formation of pyrroles vs. β-enamino esters
Authors: Lim Suk Hyun , Atar Amol B. , Bae Gunoh , Wee Kyung-Ryang , Cho Dae Won
Published: February 2019

A study was conducted to gain insight into the preparative potential of photosensitized reactions of acyclic N-benzylglycinates containing an α-trimethylsilyl group with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD).
Syn-gas from waste: the reduction of CO2 with H2S
Authors: Alderman Nicholas P. , Peneau Virginie , Viasus Camilo J. , Korobkov Ilia , Vidjayacoumar Balamurugan , Albahily Khalid , Gambarotta Sandro
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we demonstrate that syngas (H2/CO) can be produced from oil waste (H2S/CO2) forming SO2 and S as secondary products at 600–800 °C in a flow reactor set-up.
Facile synthesis of lanthanide doped yttria nanophosphors by a simple microplasma-assisted process
Authors: Lin Liangliang , Starostin Sergey A. , Ma Xintong , Li Sirui , Khan Saif A. , Hessel Volker
Published: February 2019

An environmentally friendly microplasma-based method is applied to produce crystalline lanthanide doped nanophosphors of controllable photoluminescence properties.
Ultraspecific live imaging of the dynamics of zebrafish neutrophil granules by a histopermeable fluorogenic benzochalcone probe
Authors: Colucci-Guyon Emma , Batista Ariane S. , Oliveira Suellen D. S. , Blaud Magali , Bellettini Ismael C. , Marteyn Benoit S. , Leblanc Karine , Herbomel Philippe , Duval Romain
Published: February 2019

A fluorogenic benzochalcone specifically labels live neutrophil granules in whole wild-type, GFP- or RFP-expressing zebrafish embryos and larvae.
Mono-patchy zwitterionic microcolloids as building blocks for pH-controlled self-assembly
Authors: Mehr Fatemeh Naderi , Grigoriev Dmitry , Puretskiy Nikolay , Böker Alexander
Published: February 2019

Not only in theory but also experimentally, mono-patchy particles can be self-assembled via pH-controlled electrostatic attractions between their oppositely charged patchy and patch-free surfaces.
Isostructural softening of the filler network in SBR/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Trinh Giang Hoang , Desloir Marlène , Dutertre Fabien , Majesté Jean-Charles , Dalmas Florent , Baeza Guilhem P.
Published: February 2019

A new formulation of the widely used nanocomposites based on SBR (ca. 250 kg mol−1) and fractal silica fillers is proposed by substituting the usual covering and coupling agents with short chains (4 kg mol−1) of polypropylene glycol (PPG).
Jahn–Teller type small polaron assisted Na diffusion in NaMnO2as a cathode material for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Zheng Lumin , Wang Zhiqiang , Wu Musheng , Xu Bo , Ouyang Chuying
Published: February 2019

In NaMnO2, Na ion diffusion is assisted by the Jahn–Teller type small polaron under both charged and discharged states.
Enhancement of open circuit voltage for CuSCN-based perovskite solar cells by controlling the perovskite/CuSCN interface with functional molecules
Authors: Yang In Seok , Lee Soomin , Choi Juseob , Jung Min Tai , Kim Jeongho , Lee Wan In
Published: February 2019

CuSCN, a low-cost inorganic HTM, exhibits high hole-mobility and material stability, but shows significantly lower VOC than organic HTMs in its application to perovskite solar cells.
Tailoring the geometric and electronic structure of tungsten oxide with manganese or vanadium doping toward highly efficient electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Chandrasekaran Sundaram , Zhang Peixin , Peng Feng , Bowen Chris , Huo Jia , Deng Libo
Published: February 2019

Doping of WO3with V/Mn significantly boosts the electrocatalytic hydrogen generation and photoelectrochemical water splitting performance.
Overall structural modification of a layered Ni-rich cathode for enhanced cycling stability and rate capability at high voltage
Authors: Tang Manjing , Yang Jun , Chen Nantao , Zhu Shengcai , Wang Xing , Wang Tian , Zhang Congcong , Xia Yongyao
Published: February 2019

Overall structural modification, integrating coating and doping, was developed to enhance the structural stability and Li+ transport kinetics in a layered Ni-rich cathode, which significantly improves the electrochemical performance at high voltage.
Third generation photovoltaic cells based on photonic crystals
Authors: Liu Junshi , Yao Mengnan , Shen Liang
Published: February 2019

The structural design, physical mechanism and device performance of third-generation photovoltaic cells based on photonic crystals were reviewed.