bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Authors: Ozkazanc-Pan Banu , Clark Muntean Susan
Published: October 2021

Based on extensive fieldwork, this book demonstrates how gender is an organizing principle of entrepreneurial ecosystems and makes a difference in how ecosystem resources are assembled and how they can be accessed. By bringing visibility to how ecosystem actors are heterogeneous across identities, interactions and experiences, the book highlights the role and complexity of individual, organizational, and institutional factors working in concert to create and maintain gendered inequities. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems provides research-driven insights around effective organizational practices and policies aimed at remedying gendered and intersectional inequalities associated with entrepreneurship activities and economic growth. Proposing a typology of four ecosystem identities, it highlights how some might be more amenable and organized towards gender inclusion and change, while others may be much more difficult to change, reorganize and restructure. It offers scholars, students, practitioners and policymakers insights about gender in relation to analyzing entrepreneurial ecosystems and for fostering inclusive economic development policies.
Presidents, Prime Ministers and Legislative Behaviour: The Conditional Effect of Presidential Legislative Powers on Party Unity
Authors: Borges André , Ribeiro Pedro Floriano
Published: October 2021

This article proposes a novel theoretical framework to account for the combined effects of regime type and patterns of executive authority on legislative party unity. We argue that broad presidential legislative powers favour coordination between the president and legislative parties under pure presidentialism, whereas under semi-presidentialism, strong presidents increase the potential for intra-executive conflict, submitting parties to cross-cutting pressures. We expect higher levels of legislative authority to increase party unity under presidentialism but decrease under semi-presidentialism. Moreover, when presidents are endowed with limited legislative authority, semi-presidentialism produces higher levels of party unity than presidentialism, but for sufficiently high levels of legislative authority there should be no difference across regime types. Our analyses of 1,586 pooled observations for 72 democracies from all regions of the world using the V-Dem measure of party cohesion demonstrate that presidential legislative authority, in combination with regime type, is indeed a key predictor of party unity.
Bypass transition in a boundary layer flow induced by plasma actuators
Authors: Xiao Dandan , Borradaile Huw , Choi Kwing-So , Feng Lihao , Wang Jinjun , Mao Xuerui
Published: October 2021

Bypass transition in flow over a flat plate triggered by a pair of dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuators mounted on the plate surface and aligned in the streamwise direction is investigated. A four-species plasma–fluid model is used to model the electrohydrodynamic force generated by the plasma actuation. A pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices is created downstream of the actuators, leading to the formation of a high-speed streak in the centre and two low-speed streaks on each side. As the length of actuators increases, more momentum is added to the boundary layer and eventually a turbulent wedge is generated at an almost fixed location. With large spanwise distance between the actuators (wide layout), direct numerical simulations indicate that the low-speed streaks on both sides lose secondary stability via an inclined varicose-like mode simultaneously, leaving a symmetric perturbation pattern with respect to the centre of the actuators. Further downstream, the perturbations are tilted by the mean shear of the high- and low-speed streaks and consequently a ‘W’-shaped pattern is observed. When the pair of plasma actuators is placed closer (narrow layout) in the spanwise direction, the mean shear in the centre becomes stronger and secondary instability first occurs on the high-speed streak with an asymmetric pattern. Inclined varicose-like and sinuous-like instabilities coexist in the following breakdown of the negative streaks on the side and the perturbations remain asymmetric with respect to the centre. Here the tilting of disturbances is dominated by the mean shear in the centre and the perturbations display a ‘V’ shape. Linear analysis techniques, including biglobal stability and transient growth, are performed to further examine the fluid physics; the aforementioned phenomena at narrow and wide layouts, such as the secondary instabilities, the ‘V’ and ‘W’ shapes, and the symmetric and asymmetric breakdown, are all observed.
On symmetric intrusions in a linearly stratified ambient: a revisit of Benjamin's steady-state propagation results
Authors: Ungarish M.
Published: October 2021

Previous studies have extended Benjamin's theory for an inertial steady-state gravity current of density

$\rho _{c}$

in a homogeneous ambient fluid of density

$\rho _{o} < \rho _{c}$

to the counterpart propagation in a linearly stratified (Boussinesq) ambient (density decreases from

$\rho _b$

to

$\rho _{o}$

). The extension is typified by the parameter

$S = (\rho _{b}-\rho _{o})/(\rho _{c}-\rho _{o}) \in (0,1]$

, uses Long's solution for the flow over a topography to model the flow of the ambient over the gravity current, and reduces well to the classical theory for small and moderate values of

$S$

. However, for

$S=1$

, i.e.

$\rho _b = \rho _c$

, which corresponds to a symmetric intrusion, various idiosyncrasies appear. Here attention is focused on this case. The control-volume analysis (balance of volume, mass, momentum and vorticity) produces a fairly compact analytical formulation, pending a closure for the head loss, and subject to stability criteria (no inverse stratification downstream). However, we show that plausible closures that work well for the non-stratified current (like zero head loss on the stagnation line, or zero vorticity diffusion) do not produce satisfactory results for the intrusion (except for some small ranges of the height ratio of current to channel,

$a = h/H$

). The reasons and insights are discussed. Accurate data needed for comparison with the theoretical model are scarce, and a message of this paper is that dedicated experiments and simulations are needed for the clarification and improvement of the theory.
Statistical mechanics of the Euler equations without vortex stretching
Authors: Wu Tong , Bos Wouter J.T.
Published: October 2021

We consider the relaxation to thermal equilibrium of the Galerkin-truncated Euler equations in three dimensions, from which vortex stretching is removed. We prove that helicity and enstrophy are conserved by the system. Using statistical mechanics, we derive analytical predictions for the equilibrium energy and helicity spectra. Results are verified using pseudo-spectral direct numerical simulations. Results show that if the initial condition contains helicity, the system relaxes to a force-free large-scale structure akin to an Arnold–Beltrami–Childress (ABC) flow.
Beyond COVID-19: The State of Telehealth Equity and Best Practices in Underserved Populations
Authors: Blake Hassanatu , Bihm Jasmine , Nkwanyuo Raynna , Oshodi-Abikan Taiwo A.
Published: October 2021

Telehealth is now a fundamental health approach to address health-related needs in a way that is consistent with the restrictions imposed by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) globally.
Controlled Donation After Circulatory Determination of Death: A Scoping Review of Ethical Issues, Key Concepts, and Arguments
Authors: Murphy Nicholas , Weijer Charles , Smith Maxwell , Chandler Jennifer , Chamberlain Erika , Gofton Teneille , Slessarev Marat
Published: October 2021

Controlled donation after circulatory determination of death (cDCDD) is an important strategy for increasing the pool of eligible organ donors.
Shared Decision-Making and Prevention Recommendations: Evolution, Implications, and Challenges for Public Health
Authors: Lawrence Juliana C. , Schwartz Jason L.
Published: October 2021

Recent guidelines and recommen dations from government prevention advisory groups endorsing shared clinical decision-making reflect an emerging trend among public health bodies.
FORCING AXIOMS, APPROACHABILITY, AND STATIONARY SET REFLECTION
Authors: COX SEAN D.
Published: October 2021

We prove a variety of theorems about stationary set reflection and concepts related to internal approachability. We prove that an implication of Fuchino–Usuba relating stationary reflection to a version of Strong Chang’s Conjecture cannot be reversed; strengthen and simplify some results of Krueger about forcing axioms and approachability; and prove that some other related results of Krueger are sharp. We also adapt some ideas of Woodin to simplify and unify many arguments in the literature involving preservation of forcing axioms.
Dogs for the Gods, Fish for the Feast: The Ceremonial Role of Animals at Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala
Authors: Sharpe Ashley E. , Arroyo Bárbara , Estrada Javier , Ajú Gloria , Serech Emanuel
Published: October 2021

This study examines the ritual and socioeconomic significance of animals in ceremonial contexts at Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala. Kaminaljuyu was once the largest and most politically powerful highland Maya center. We compare faunal remains from different contexts, including burials and dedicatory offerings in and around monumental features, to better understand the role of animals in these deposits. We then compare ceremonial activities across Mesoamerica to identify similarities alluding to widely recognized practices. Late and Terminal Preclassic (350 BC–AD 250) ceremonies at Kaminaljuyu contain some of the earliest marine fish recovered from a Maya highland site, demonstrating the ability of early elites to obtain exotic species for special events. Dogs, including perhaps the first evidence for Preclassic hairless dogs in Guatemala, appear in deposits that resemble canine sacrificial offerings in central Mexico. The new faunal data in this study provide a novel perspective on Kaminaljuyu's sociopolitical role in the region.
Sirtuinsandneuropeptide ydownregulation in Flinders Sensitive Line rat model of depression
Authors: Stiernborg Miranda , Efstathopoulos Paschalis , Lennartsson Andreas , Lavebratt Catharina , Mathé Aleksander A.
Published: October 2021

Since the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) are critically involved in epigenetics, endocrinology and immunology and affect the longevity in model organisms, we investigated their expression in brains of 3-month-old and 14–15 months old rat model of depression Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) and control Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats. In view of the dysregulated NPY system in depression, we also studied NPY in young and old FSL to explore the temporal trajectory of depressive-like–ageing interaction.Sirt1,Sirt2andNpymRNA were determined using qRT-PCR in prefrontal cortex (PFC) from young and old FSL and FRL, and in hippocampi from young FSL and FRL.PFC:Sirt1expression was decreased in FSL (p= 0.001). An interaction between age and genotype was found (p= 0.032); young FSL had lowerSirt1with respect to both age (p= 0.026) and genotype (p= 0.001).Sirt2was lower in FSL (p= 0.003).Npy mRNAwas downregulated in FSL (p= 0.001) but did not differ between the young and old rat groups.Hippocampus: Sirt1was reduced in young FSL compared to young FRL (p= 0.005). There was no difference inSirt2between FSL and FRL.Npylevels were decreased in hippocampus of young FSL compared to young FRL (p= 0.003). Effects of ageing could not be investigated due to loss of samples. To conclude, i this is the first demonstration that SIRT1 and SIRT2 are changed in brain of FSL, a rat model of depression; ii the changes are age-dependent; iii sirtuins are potential targets for treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
How Exclusionary Nationalism Has Made the World Socially Sicker from COVID-19
Authors: Singh Prerna
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 struck a world already suffering under a scourge – a rash of right-wing populist, exclusionary nationalisms. Whether it is Donald Trump in the USA, Vladimir Putin in Russia, Bolsonaro in Brazil, Orbán in Hungary, Modi in India, the past decade the world has witnessed the rise of leaders claiming the nation for dominant ethnic groups, excluding and targeting ethnic minorities and immigrants. In this article I argue that this preexisting plague of exclusionary nationalism has made the COVID-19 pandemic more dangerous for our body politics than it might otherwise have been. Following from our evolutionary tendency to associate foreigners with disease, all epidemics hold the potential to raise boundaries between ingroups and outgroups and scapegoat the latter. Yet this noxious seed of division latent in all contagions has flourished in the case of COVID-19, as it was planted in the fertile soil of exclusionary nationalism where boundaries between countries, and majority and minority-group boundaries within countries, were already furrowed deep. I delineate how through the pandemic, right-wing, populist, exclusionary nationalist governments have further exacerbated both these types of us-them divides. In concluding, however, I point out how in line with its well-known Janus nature, nationalism has also played a more constructive role during the pandemic.
Mrs. Rockefeller’s Exquisite Corpse
Authors: Bender Courtney
Published: October 2021

The “exquisite corpse” in this title refers to a gift book presented to Mrs. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller in December 1931, which contains signed notes from Rockefeller’s domestic employees, friends, ministers, art dealers, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) employees, and also a signed painting by Diego Rivera. The book’s construction highlights the intersecting social networks and associations among a variety of religious, artistic, philanthropic, and domestic organizations and individuals that are more typically investigated as distinct or non-connecting. As such, the book invites an alternate reading of influences shaping MoMA’s earliest years. This interpretation takes inspiration from the surrealist games and conceits of ethnographic and artistic surrealism—an approach that is generatively suggested by the Tribute Book’s construction. Read in this way, I take the gift book to open up a range of associations that make possible modes of interpretation through which to consider the secular and the modern religious. I use the book’s intertextual qualities as an entry point into a new consideration of the presence and effects of liberal-protestant spiritual aesthetics in MOMA’s earliest years. I argue that such spiritual aesthetics shaped the secular museum’s curation, display, and interpretation of political artists including Rivera and European surrealists.
Exploring the emergence of participatory plant breeding in countries of the Global North – a review
Authors: Colley M. R. , Dawson J. C. , McCluskey C. , Myers J. R. , Tracy W. F. , Lammerts van Bueren E. T.
Published: October 2021

Participatory plant breeding (PPB), commonly applied in the Global South to address the needs of underserved farmers, refers to the active collaboration between researchers, farmers and other actors throughout the breeding process. In spite of significant public and private investments in crop variety improvement in the Global North, PPB is increasingly utilized as an approach to address cropping system needs. The current study conducted a state-of-the-art review, including a comprehensive inventory of projects and five case studies, to explore the emergence of PPB in the Global North and inform future PPB efforts. Case studies included maize (Zea mays), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Brassica crops (Brassica oleracea), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum). The review identified 47 projects across the United States, Canada and Europe including 22 crop species representing diverse crop biology. Improved adaptation to organic farming systems and addressing principles and values of organic agriculture emerged as consistent themes. While projects presented evidence that PPB has expanded crop diversity and farmer's access to improved varieties, obstacles to PPB also emerged including challenges in sustained funding as well as addressing regulatory barriers to the commercial distribution of PPB varieties. Agronomic improvements were only one lens motivating PPB, with many projects identifying goals of conservation of crop genetic diversity, farmers' seed sovereignty and avoidance of certain breeding techniques. The authors conclude that a multidisciplinary approach is needed to fully understand the social, political and agroecological influences driving the emergence of projects in the Global North and factors impacting success.
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: what can we learn from examining Reddit posts?
Authors: Manchaiah V , Deshpande A K , Bellon-Harn M L , Boyd R L
Published: October 2021

Background

Many patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss may seek hearing health information and social support online, although little is known about the online information seeking behaviour.

Objective

The present study aimed to examine the discussions around sudden sensorineural hearing loss in Reddit posts.

Method

A total of 526 Reddit posts about sudden sensorineural hearing loss were extracted and analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods.

Results

The content analysis identified eight main categories. Most of the posts were on topics of: sharing personal experiences (34 per cent), describing symptoms (31 per cent), discussing treatment options (36 per cent) and discussing possible causes (19 per cent) of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The sudden sensorineural hearing loss Reddit posts varied significantly in terms of linguistic variables when compared to baseline Reddit posts. Reddit posts by individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss had significantly higher engagement, higher authenticity and made more references to their body when compared to other users.

Conclusion

The study results provide insights that can be helpful for professionals during clinical interactions.
Mixoxylon australe gen. et sp. nov., a unique homoxylous wood with non-angiosperm affinity from the Lower Cretaceous of Antarctica (Albian, James Ross Island)
Authors: Chernomorets Oleksandra , Sakala Jakub
Published: October 2021

A unique homoxylous wood is described from the Albian Lewis Hill Member of the Whisky Bay Formation on James Ross Island as Mixoxylon australe Chernomorets & Sakala, gen. et sp. nov. This fossil taxon shows an unusual combination of features in having indistinct growth rings with a significantly wider earlywood zone than latewood zone, tracheids with scalariform to araucarian pitting, exclusively uniseriate rays with distinctly pitted both tangential and horizontal walls and araucarioid to podocarpoid cross-field pits. Its characteristics are intermediate between Phoroxylon Sze and Sahnioxylon Bose & Sah, so a new genus is proposed. Its systematic affinities are dubious, but it represents the southernmost evidence of the homoxylous Mesozoic wood with scalariform pitting described so far.
National Antarctic Program responses to fieldwork sexual harassment
Authors: Nash Meredith
Published: October 2021

Sexual harassment is a common experience for women and those from other underrepresented groups in (white) male-dominated fields such as Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Women are especially vulnerable to sexual harassment during remote scientific fieldwork. To date, most of the limited research on fieldwork harassment has focused on individual experiences. There is an urgent need for research on organizational approaches to fieldwork sexual harassment. This study fills this gap by examining sexual harassment prevention by National Antarctic Programs. It draws on a desktop analysis of 36 National Antarctic Program websites with a focus on the current availability and quality of sexual harassment policies and procedures in expeditioner handbooks/field manuals. Findings show that very few National Antarctic Programs make their expeditioner handbooks/field manuals publicly available (n= 9), and even fewer mention sexual harassment in the documentation or describe how to lodge a complaint (n= 3). This article concludes by offering some reasons as to why National Antarctic Programs may be neglecting this issue. It also provides practical recommendations for developing more substantive content in expeditioner handbooks/field manuals and for building inclusive fieldwork environments for a diverse range of expeditioners.
Probiotics and prebiotics: potential prevention and therapeutic target for nutritional management of COVID-19?
Authors: Batista Kamila Sabino , de Albuquerque Juliana Gondim , Vasconcelos Maria Helena Araújo de , Bezerra Maria Luiza Rolim , da Silva Barbalho Mariany Bernardino , Pinheiro Rafael Oliveira , Aquino Jailane de Souza
Published: October 2021

Scientists are working to identify prevention/treatment methods and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nutritional status and diet have a major impact on the COVID-19 disease process, mainly because of the bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and lung, that is, the gut–lung axis. Individuals with inadequate nutritional status have a pre-existing imbalance in the gut microbiota and immunity as seen in obesity, diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases. Communication between the gut microbiota and lungs or other organs and systems may trigger worse clinical outcomes in viral respiratory infections. Thus, this review addresses new insights into the use of probiotics and prebiotics as a preventive nutritional strategy in managing respiratory infections such as COVID-19 and highlighting their anti-inflammatory effects against the main signs and symptoms associated with COVID-19. Literature search was performed through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases; relevant clinical articles were included. Significant randomised clinical trials suggest that specific probiotics and/or prebiotics reduce diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, cough, sore throat, fever, and viral infection complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. These beneficial effects are linked with modulation of the microbiota, products of microbial metabolism with antiviral activity, and immune-regulatory properties of specific probiotics and prebiotics through Treg cell production and function. There is a need to conduct clinical and pre-clinical trials to assess the combined effect of consuming these components and undergoing current therapies for COVID-19.
Outcome of truncus arteriosus repair: 20 years of single-center experience comparing early versus late surgical repair
Authors: Hrfi Abdah , Ismail Muna , Mohammed Mohammed H. A. , Hamadah Hussam K. , Alhabshan Fahad , Abu-Sulaiman Riyadh , Kabbani Mohamed Salim
Published: October 2021

Background:

Truncus arteriosus is a rare CHD. Neonatal and early infancy repair is recommended though some cases may present late. The aim of our study is to investigate the current results of truncus arteriosus repair and to analyse the differences in outcome and reintervention need between early versus late truncus arteriosus surgical repair.

Material and methods:

In this cohort study, we reviewed all children who underwent truncus arteriosus repair from 2001 till 2021. We divided patients into two groups; early repair group including patients repaired at age less than 3 months and late repair group including patients who had repair at 3 months of age and later. We compared both groups for outcome variables.

Results:

Sixty-four children had truncus arteriosus repair including 48(75%) patients in early repair and 16(25%) patients in late repair groups. Peri-operative course was comparable between both groups. Post-surgery, we observed pulmonary hypertension in 6(12%) patients in early repair group comparing with 11(69%) patients in late repair group (p = 0.0001). In the last follow-up visit, pulmonary hypertension resolved in all early repair group patients while 6(37.5%) patients in late repair group continued to have pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.0001). Twenty-three(36%) patients required reintervention including 22(48%) in early repair group versus 1(6%) in late repair group (p = 0.007).

Conclusion:

In general, the outcome of early truncus arteriosus repair is excellent with resolution of pulmonary hypertension following early repair. Late repair caries higher risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension (37.5%). About one-third of the patients who had truncus arteriosus repair will require re-intervention within 38±38.4 months after initial surgery.
Neuropsychological Impairments and Their Cognitive Architecture in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) with Lewy Bodies and MCI-Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ciafone Joanna , Thomas Alan , Durcan Rory , Donaghy Paul C , Hamilton Calum A , Lawley Sarah , Roberts Gemma , Colloby Sean , Firbank Michael J , Allan Louise , Petrides George , Taylor John-Paul , O’Brien John T , Gallagher Peter
Published: October 2021

Objective:

The present study aimed to clarify the neuropsychological profile of the emergent diagnostic category of Mild Cognitive Impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) and determine whether domain-specific impairments such as in memory were related to deficits in domain-general cognitive processes (executive function or processing speed).

Method:

Patients (n = 83) and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 34) underwent clinical and imaging assessments. Probable MCI-LB (n = 44) and MCI-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (n = 39) were diagnosed following National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) consortium criteria. Neuropsychological measures included cognitive and psychomotor speed, executive function, working memory, and verbal and visuospatial recall.

Results:

MCI-LB scored significantly lower than MCI-AD on processing speed [Trail Making Test B: p = .03, g = .45; Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST): p = .04, g = .47; DSST Error Check: p < .001, g = .68] and executive function [Trail Making Test Ratio (A/B): p = .04, g = .52] tasks. MCI-AD performed worse than MCI-LB on memory tasks, specifically visuospatial (Modified Taylor Complex Figure: p = .01, g = .46) and verbal (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: p = .04, g = .42) delayed recall measures. Stepwise discriminant analysis correctly classified the subtype in 65.1% of MCI patients (72.7% specificity, 56.4% sensitivity). Processing speed accounted for more group-associated variance in visuospatial and verbal memory in both MCI subtypes than executive function, while no significant relationships between measures were observed in controls (all ps > .05)

Conclusions:

MCI-LB was characterized by executive dysfunction and slowed processing speed but did not show the visuospatial dysfunction expected, while MCI-AD displayed an amnestic profile. However, there was considerable neuropsychological profile overlap and processing speed mediated performance in both MCI subtypes.
Reflections on the Spatial Performance of Atom Probe Tomography in the Analysis of Atomic Neighborhoods
Authors: Gault Baptiste , Klaes Benjamin , Morgado Felipe F , Freysoldt Christoph , Li Yue , De Geuser Frederic , Stephenson Leigh T , Vurpillot François
Published: October 2021

Atom probe tomography (APT) is often introduced as providing “atomic-scale” mapping of the composition of materials and as such is often exploited to analyze atomic neighborhoods within a material. Yet quantifying the actual spatial performance of the technique in a general case remains challenging, as it depends on the material system being investigated as well as on the specimen's geometry. Here, by using comparisons with field-ion microscopy experiments, field-ion imaging and field evaporation simulations, we provide the basis for a critical reflection on the spatial performance of APT in the analysis of pure metals, low alloyed systems and concentrated solid solutions (i.e., akin to high-entropy alloys). The spatial resolution imposes strong limitations on the possible interpretation of measured atomic neighborhoods, and directional neighborhood analyses restricted to the depth are expected to be more robust. We hope this work gets the community to reflect on its practices, in the same way, it got us to reflect on our work.
End-of-life dreams and visions as perceived by palliative care professionals: A qualitative study
Authors: Nyblom Stina , Molander Ulla , Benkel Inger
Published: October 2021

Objective

End-of-life dreams and visions (ELDVs) have been suggested to be prevalent psychic phenomena near death that can provide meaning and comfort for the dying. There is a lack of studies from the secular Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to determine whether palliative care professionals in a Nordic country have experience of patients expressing dreams, visions, and/or inner experiences and, if so, how they are perceived.

Method

Focus-group interviews with 18 professionals in end-of-life palliative care were subjected to qualitative content analysis.

Results

Most (15/18) professionals had experience of patients with ELDVs. A dominant content was deceased loved ones. According to most professionals, many patients perceived their ELDVs as real and could report them with clarity. The experience could result in peacefulness for patients, as well as loved ones, and reduce fear of death. Some professionals themselves perceived ELDVs to be real and a normal part of dying while a few found them scary. Most professionals, however, found ELDVs hard to grasp. Many tried to explain the phenomena as the result of medical circumstances and confusion, although reporting that they considered most patients to be normal and of sound mind in connection with their reports on ELDVs. Most patients wanted to talk about their ELDVs, but some could be reluctant due to fear of being considered crazy. The professionals were open-minded and reported having no problem talking about it with the patients and tried to normalize the experience thereby calming the patient and loved ones.

Significance of results

The results strengthen the suggestion that ELDVs are common phenomena near death, worldwide. Although most professionals in palliative care recognized ELDVs as beneficial to patients, many found the phenomena hard to grasp and sometimes difficult to distinguish from confusion, indicating a continuous need for exploration and education.
QTL mapping of drought tolerance at germination stage in wheat using the 50 K SNP array
Authors: Ren Yi , Liu Jindong , Zhang Jianxin , Dreisigacker Susanne , Xia Xianchun , Geng Hongwei
Published: October 2021

Drought is a major concern among abiotic stresses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Breeding resistant cultivars are the most effective means to manage drought stress. F6 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross of Berkut/Worrakatta were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for drought tolerance at germination stage under treatment of PEG6000 using the wheat 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Twenty-eight linkage groups were constructed, covering a length of 2220.26 cM. Eighteen QTL were detected based on the drought tolerance coefficients and D-value, explaining 2.7–6.5% of the phenotypic variances, in which 15 were likely to be novel. Three QTL, QGR.xjau-5AS, QCL.xjau-5AS and QD.xjau-5AS for GR, CL and D-value, respectively, at physical positions of 11.70–20.61 Mb between markers AX-111258240 and AX-94458300 on chromosome 5AS accounted for 3.4–4.8% of the phenotypic variances. Three QTL, QGP.xjau-5DL, QSH.xjau-5DL and QD.xjau-5DL for GP, SH and D-value, respectively, were flanked by markers AX-94524442 and AX-110998507 at 560.42–567.39 Mb on chromosome 5DL, accounting for 4.4–6.5% of the phenotypic variances. In addition, the candidate genes TraesCS5A02G022100, TraesCS5B02G014200 and TraesCS5D02G563900 were predicted. Based on transcriptional expression data, the results showed that the expression level of TaGATAs-5A, TaUbox-5B and TaGSTP-5D changed with the increase of treatment time under drought stress in tolerant and sensitive varieties. These are interesting targets in mining drought tolerance genes and the improvement of drought tolerance in wheat.
Why Join? How Civil Society Organizations’ Attributes Signal Congruence and Impact Community Engagement
Authors: Hoellerbauer Simon
Published: October 2021

Civil society organizations (CSOs) can facilitate collective action. This makes understanding what shapes whether people are likely to engage with CSOs critically important. This paper argues that whether an organization is perceived as congruent – similar to an individual in values – is a key determinant of whether individuals will engage with it. I use a conjoint survey experiment to test how organizational attributes signaling congruence influence respondents’ willingness to attend a hypothetical organization’s meetings. I find that individuals are more likely to choose organizations that are more likely to be congruent with them, except when it comes to funding. These findings imply that an individual’s level of comfort with a CSO matters for engagement; thus, CSOs need to consider how they match to their publics when reaching out to potential joiners. Furthermore, donors seeking to support CSOs need to pay attention to their impact on perceptions of congruence.
Toward a More PERMA(nent) Conceptualization of Worker Well-Being?
Authors: Jimenez William P. , Hu Xiaoxiao , Garden Rebecca , Xie Xiaofei
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We examined the factor structure of the recently developed worker well-being measure Workplace PERMA Profiler and relationships between PERMA dimensions (i.e., positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, accomplishment) and job performance (viz., task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors benefiting individuals and the organization at large). The measure exhibited metric (i.e., weak) invariance across samples of participants from the United States ( N = 284) and China ( N = 420). Additionally, for participants who responded to both the Workplace PERMA Profiler and the performance measures, there was a general pattern of positive PERMA–performance relationships across both samples ( NUS = 147; NChina = 202). Overall, the Workplace PERMA Profiler may have problematic psychometric properties and item wordings and thus would benefit from further refinement.
Who Speaks Up?
Authors: Yi Ming , Wang Shenghui , De Pater Irene E. , Luo Jinlian
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Research on the relationship between personality traits and employee voice has predominantly focused on main effects of one or more traits and has shown equivocal results. In this study, we explore relationships between configurations (i.e., all logically possible combinations) of the Big Five traits and promotive and prohibitive voice using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Survey data from 171 employees from 10 organizations in the service industry revealed that none of the traits alone could induce promotive or prohibitive voice. Yet, we found three trait configurations that relate to promotive voice and four configurations that relate to prohibitive voice. We use the theory of purposeful work behavior to explain the different trait configurations for promotive and prohibitive voice.
Toward Optimized Effectiveness of Employee Training Programs
Authors: Uslu Dilek , Marcus Justin , Kisbu-Sakarya Yasemin
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Although organizations invest heavily on employee training, the effectiveness of employee training programs has not been well-established. In the current study, we examine the training delivery features of employee training programs to derive a better understanding of features that may be of best benefit in the improvement of employee affective outcomes. Specifically, and via the use of meta-analysis ( k = 79 studies totaling 107 independent effect sizes), we focus on two broad classes of affective employee training outcomes including attitudinal and motivational outcomes. Results evidence support for the effectiveness of employee workplace training interventions and indicate that employee training programs associated with attitudinal versus motivational outcomes require different features while being delivered to reach optimal effectiveness.
Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes and Possible Signatures of Pulsating Aurora Detected by the Meteor Radar
Authors: Kozlovsky A. , Shalimov S. , Lester M. , Belova E.
Published: October 2021

Using data of the all‐sky interferometric meteor radar (SKiYMET, 36.9 MHz) operating in the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (67°22′N, 26°38′E, Finland) we found a specific type of polar mesosphere summer echo (PMSE), the power of which exhibits irregular variations at a frequency of the order of a few Hz. We classified such radar echoes as pulsating PMSE. These echoes were observed in late June‐July in the morning sector (4–12 MLT) during geomagnetic storms. They were received from a narrow range of altitudes near 82 km, which corresponds to the altitude of noctilucent clouds where ice particles of about 50‐nm radii exist. During pulsating PMSE, the SGO ionosonde showed an electron density of the order of 3 × 1011 m−3 around 82 km, and enhanced D‐region ionization was manifested in the cosmic noise absorption. We suggest that the power of PMSE is modulated by bursts of electron precipitation corresponding to the few‐Hz internal modulation of pulsating aurora. During a short precipitation burst of 50–100 keV electrons, additional electrons can attach to the ice particles due to the presence of hyperthermal electrons according to the hypothesis proposed by Rosenberg et al. (2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2011.10.011). This leads to an increase of the power of PMSE. After the burst is ended, the ice particles are deionized with a characteristic time of about 0.2 s due to attractive interaction with ions.
Relative Contribution of ULF Waves and Whistler‐Mode Chorus to the Radiation Belt Variation During the May 2017 Storm
Authors: Takahashi Naoko , Seki Kanako , Fok Mei‐Ching , Zheng Yihua , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Kasahara Satoshi , Keika Kunihiro , Hartley David , Kasahara Yoshiya , Kasaba Yasumasa , Higashio Nana , Matsuoka Ayako , Yokota Shoichiro , Hori Tomoaki , Shoji Masafumi , Nakamura Satoko , Imajo Shun , Shinohara Iku
Published: October 2021

We investigate the time and location where ULF waves and whistler‐mode chorus contributed to the net flux enhancement of relativistic electrons during the magnetic storm of May 2017. During the early recovery phase, both ULF and chorus waves contribute to the enhancement of relativistic electron fluxes, but ULF waves play roles of the inward diffusion. During the late recovery phase, both Van Allen Probe‐B and Arase show that whistler‐mode chorus contributes to the flux enhancement confined in the L‐value. The CRCM coupled with BATS‐R‐US simulation qualitatively reproduces the global evolution of ULF waves. Although the electron flux is underestimated by the simulation, this study reveals a large anisotropy of hot electrons in the region where whistler‐mode chorus waves were actually observed by satellites. In addition, the estimated magnetic field curvature on the dayside is small during the recovery phase. Furthermore, we investigate the control of wave evolution. Both observations and the simulation suggest that the observed ULF waves in the frequency range of ∼2–5 mHz are excited by the enhancement of the solar wind dynamic pressure. Observations also indicate that whistler‐mode chorus on the nightside is predominantly excited by hot electrons with temperature anisotropy, whereas the dayside chorus is enhanced by the change of the magnetic field line configuration. The estimated spatial distributions of electron anisotropy and magnetic field curvature provide an explanation for the presence of enhanced whistler‐mode chorus in the dusk sector, which is far from the usual location of wave generation.
Surface Elevation Change of Glaciers Along the Coast of Prudhoe Land, Northwestern Greenland From 1985 to 2018
Authors: Wang Yefan , Sugiyama Shin , Bjørk Anders A.
Published: October 2021

Outlet glaciers in Greenland exhibited rapid frontal retreat, thinning, and flow acceleration in the 21st century. In contrast to a number of studies in the last two decades, long‐term glacier changes are not well known, hence limiting the understanding of ongoing glacier retreat. In this study, we present surface elevation changes of 16 glaciers along the coast of Prudhoe Land, northwestern Greenland, using digital elevation models between 1985 and 2018. All the glaciers experienced surface lowering at a mean rate of −0.55 ± 0.24 m a−1 over the period of study. Surface elevation change has shown a clear shift from 0.14 ± 0.17 m a−1 in 1985–2001 to −1.31 ± 0.20 m a−1 in 2001–2018. Thinning after 2001 was more significant at the glaciers terminating in Inglefield Bredning, represented by the most rapid thinning of Tracy and Farquhar Glaciers at −3.91 ± 0.13 and −2.91 ± 0.18 m a−1, respectively. Glaciers terminating in shallower fjords directly connected to Baffin Bay showed a thinning rate 40% slower than those in the Inglefield Bredning region. Warming trends in atmospheric and ocean temperature since the late 1990s are most likely triggers of the glacier regime shift around 2001. The heterogeneity in the glacier change is attributed to the glacier geometry and fjord bathymetry of each individual glacier, since glaciers terminating in deep fjords are subjected to greater acceleration and are more affected by deep ocean warming.
Estimation of Turbulent Heat Fluxes and Gross Primary Productivity by Assimilating Land Surface Temperature and Leaf Area Index
Authors: He Xinlei , Xu Tongren , Bateni Sayed M. , Ki Seo Jin , Xiao Jingfeng , Liu Shaomin , Song Lisheng , He Xiangping
Published: October 2021

In this study, land surface temperature (LST) and leaf area index (LAI) observations are merged with a coupled two‐source surface energy budget–vegetation dynamic model (TSEB–VDM) via a variational data assimilation (VDA) system to predict turbulent heat fluxes and gross primary productivity (GPP). The TSEB and VDM are coupled by relating photosynthesis in the VDM to transpiration in the TSEB equation. Unknown parameters of the VDA approach are the neutral bulk heat transfer coefficient (CHN), evaporative fractions for soil and canopy (EFS and EFC), and specific leaf area (cg). The VDA approach is evaluated at six AmeriFlux sites with distinct vegetative and climatic characteristics. The modeled sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes, and GPP agree well with the corresponding eddy covariance measurements in different environmental conditions. The six‐site average root mean square error (RMSE) of estimated daily H, LE, and GPP is 42.2 W m−2, 51.5 W m−2, and 1.8 gC m−2 d−1, respectively. The outcomes show that the developed VDA approach is able to exploit the implicit information in the sequences of LST and LAI measurements to estimate H, LE, and GPP. Our findings also indicate that the estimates of the H and LE are more sensitive to uncertainties in LST measurements, while the GPP retrievals are more affected by uncertainties in the LAI observations.
Automatic Quality Control of Crowdsourced Rainfall Data With Multiple Noises: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Niu Geng , Yang Pan , Zheng Yi , Cai Ximing , Qin Huapeng
Published: October 2021

In geophysics, crowdsourcing is an emerging nontraditional environmental monitoring approach that supports data acquisition from individual citizens. However, because of the involvement of undertrained citizens and imprecise low‐cost sensors, crowdsourced data applications suffer from different types of noises that can deteriorate the overall monitoring accuracy. In this study, we propose a machine learning approach for automatic crowdsourced data quality control (CSQC) that detects and removes noisy data inputs in spatially and temporally discrete crowdsourced observations coming from both fixed‐point sensors (e.g., surveillance cameras) and moving sensors (e.g., moving cars/pedestrians). We design a set of features from original and interpolated rainfall data and use them to train and test the CSQC models using both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. The performances of the CSQC models under various scenarios assuming no retraining are also tested (hereafter referred to as transferability). The results based on synthetic but realistic data show that the CSQC models can significantly reduce the overall rainfall estimate errors. Under the stationary assumption, the CSQC models based on both supervised and unsupervised algorithms perform well in noisy data identification and overall rainfall estimation error reduction; however, if the model is transferred to other cities with different rainfall patterns or noise compositions (without retraining), supervised multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) show the best performance.
New Insights into Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Authors: R. Lamont
Published: October 2021

New satellite observations of polar stratospheric clouds have advanced our understanding of how, when, and where they form, their composition, and their role in ozone depletion.
Geochemical Evolution of Eocene Lakes in the Nevada Hinterland of the North American Cordillera
Authors: Canada Andrew S. , Cassel Elizabeth J. , Smith M. Elliot
Published: October 2021

Eocene strata of the Elko Formation record lacustrine deposition within the Nevada hinterland of the North American Cordillera. We present a detailed geochemical stratigraphy enabled by high‐sampling‐resolution geochronology from lacus trine limestone and interbedded volcanic rocks of the Elko Formation. Two intervals of lacustrine deposition, an early Eocene “Lake Adobe” of limited aerial extent and a laterally extensive middle Eocene “Lake Elko,” are separated by ∼5 m.y. of apparent unconformity. Sediments deposited in the apparently short‐lived (49.5–48.5 Ma) early Eocene Lake Adobe exhibit high‐amplitude covariation of δ18O, δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr, which suggests a dynamically changing catchment and precipitation regime. Lake Elko formed during the middle Eocene, and its strata record three geochemically distinct phases, indicating it was a single interconnected water body that became increasingly evaporative over time. The lower Elko Formation (44.0–42.5 Ma) was deposited in a freshwater lake. Middle Elko Formation (42.5–41.2 Ma) lithofacies and geochemistry suggest that an increasingly saline and alkaline Lake Elko experienced salinity stratification‐induced hypolimnion disoxia and burial of 12C‐rich organic matter. The upper Elko Formation (41.2–40.5 Ma) records a shallow final phase of Lake Elko that experienced short residence times and a breakdown in stratification. A sharp decline of 87Sr/86Sr in the upper Elko Formation reflects an increasing aerial extent of low‐87Sr/86Sr volcanic deposits from nearby calderas. Middle Eocene strata record ponding of paleodrainage, increasing hydrologic isolation and volcanism, consistent with progressive north to south removal of the Farallon flat slab and/or delamination of the lower lithospheric mantle of the North American plate.