bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The characean internodal cell as a model system for studying wound healing
Authors: FOISSNER I. , WASTENEYS G.O.
Published: November 2011

This work describes the characean internodal cell as a model system for the study of wound healing and compares wounds induced by certain chemicals and UV irradiation with wounds occurring in the natural environment. We review the existing literature and define three types of wound response: (1) cortical window formation characterised by disassembly of microtubules, transient inhibition of actin‐dependent cytoplasmic streaming and chloroplast detachment, (2) fibrillar wound walls characterised by exocytosis of vesicles carrying wall polysaccharides and membrane‐bound cellulose synthase complexes coupled with endocytosis of surplus membrane and (3) amorphous, callose‐ and membrane‐containing wound walls characterised by exocytosis of vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum cisternae in the absence of membrane recycling. We hypothesize that these three wound responses reflect the extent of damage, probably Ca2+ influx, and that the secretion of Ca2+‐loaded endoplasmic reticulum cisternae is an emergency reaction in case of severe Ca2+ load. Microtubules are not required for wound healing but their disassembly could have a signalling function. Transient reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton into a meshwork of randomly oriented filaments is required for the migration of wound wall forming organelles, just as occurs in tip‐growing plant cells. New data presented in this study show that during the deposition of an amorphous wound wall numerous actin rings are present, which may indicate specific ion fluxes and/or a storage form for actin. In addition, we present new evidence for the exocytosis of FM1–43‐stained organelles, putative endosomes, required for plasma membrane repair during wound healing. Finally, we show that quickly growing fibrillar wound walls, even when deposited in the absence of microtubules, have a highly ordered helical structure of consistent handedness comprised of cellulose microfibrils.
Nausea and vomiting in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis
Authors: Cherian D. , Parkman H. P.
Published: November 2011

Background  Nausea and vomiting are frequent symptoms of gastroparesis. The aim of this study was to characterize nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis and to compare nausea and vomiting in patients with diabetic and idiopathic gastroparetics. We also quantitated the number of episodes of vomiting per day and the hours of nausea per day.

Methods  Patients diagnosed with gastroparesis at Temple University Hospital between May 2009 and December 2010 completed the Patient Assessment of Upper GI Symptoms questionnaire along with questionnaires about nausea and vomiting.

Key Results  A total of 157 patients [43 diabetic (DG) and 114 idiopathic gastroparetics (IG)] comprised the study group. Nausea was present in 91% of DG and 90% of IG (P = 0.822). Nausea symptom severity score was 3.51 ± 0.24 in DG and 3.42 ± 0.15 in IG (P = 0.362). DG patients reported 8.1 ± 1.2 compared to 7.9 ± 0.8 in IG (P = 0.44). Vomiting was present in 72% of DG and 55% of IG (P = 0.083). Vomiting symptom severity score was 2.69 ± 0.34 in DG and 1.83 ± 0.21 in IG (P = 0.010). DG patients reported 7.3 ± 1.7 vomiting episodes per day compared to 3.5 ± 0.9 in IG (P = 0.027). Both nausea and vomiting had a significant correlation with reduced quality of life.

Conclusions & Inferences  Nausea and vomiting are significant symptoms of gastroparesis. Vomiting was greater in DG compared with IG, both in terms of severity score and number of vomiting episodes, whereas nausea severity was similar. Hours of nausea per day and episodes of vomiting per week appear to be useful parameters for assessing symptoms of gastroparesis. Nausea and vomiting have a significant impact on quality of life.
Clinical aspects and pathology of Alexander disease, and morphological and functional alteration of astrocytes induced by GFAP mutation
Authors: Yoshida Tomokatsu , Nakagawa Masanori
Published: November 2011

Alexander disease (AxD) is pathologically characterized by the presence of Rosenthal fibers (RF), which are made up of GFAP, αB‐crystallin and heat shock protein 27, in the cytoplasm of perivascular and subpial astrocyte endfeet. Since GFAP mutation has been confirmed in reported cases of AxD, clinical or experimental research is being conducted on the relationship between GFAP mutation and the onset pathology as well as the clinical form. We conducted a nationwide survey and a clinical study, and classified AxD into three types: cerebral AxD (type 1), which primarily has an infantile onset with presence of seizures, psychomotor developmental retardation, macrocephaly, and abnormalities in the superior frontal cerebral white matter observed in a brain MRI; bulbospinal AxD (type 2), which primarily has an adult onset with presence of muscle weakness, hyperreflexia, bulbar or pseudobulbar symptoms, signal abnormalities, and atrophy observed in an MRI of the medulla oblongata and upper cervical spinal cord; and an intermediate form (type 3) which has the characteristics of both. A research on GFAP mutations and aggregate formation concluded that GFAP mutations decreased the solubility of GFAP. According to our cell model experiment, the formation of mutant GFAP aggravates depending on the site of the GFAP mutation. Furthermore, there is a possibility that polymorphism in the GFAP promoter gene regulates the degree to which GFAP is expressed; it may have an effect on clinical heterogeneity. Recent research using cell and animal models suggests that the pathology of AxD involves not only mere functional abnormalities in intermediate filaments but also functional abnormalities in astrocytes as well as in neurons. Clarification of the glia–neuron interactions will prove the disease to be very interesting.
Nodal follicular lymphoma without complete follicular dendritic cell networks is related to localized clinical stage
Authors: Cui Wei , Che Lisha , Sato Yasuharu , Huang Xingang , Takata Katsuyoshi , Orita Yorihisa , Goto Naoe , Maeda Yoshinobu , Tanimoto Mitsune , Yoshino Tadashi
Published: November 2011

Follicular lymphoma is the most common low‐grade lymphoma and it frequently presents with a systemic disease, often showing advanced clinical stage (III/IV). The lymphoma cells are usually growing associated with follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks. Abnormal FDC networks have been reported in duodenal follicular lymphoma, in which cases exhibit lower clinical stages than the nodal cases. In the present study, we analyzed the FDC network distribution pattern of 242 nodal follicular lymphomas by immunohistochemistry. Out of the 242 cases, 27 cases (11%) demonstrated an atypical pattern of FDC networks, in which the CD21 staining totally or partially disappeared in the neoplastic follicles. Furthermore, we compared the clinical data of these 27 cases and 58 typical FDC network cases of follicular lymphoma. We found that in the typical cases, 52 out of 58 patients (90%) showed advanced clinical stage (III or IV), whereas 10 of 27 (37%) atypical FDC network cases showed localized clinical stage (I or II) (P < 0.01). In conclusion, nodal follicular lymphoma with total loss or partially disrupted FDC networks therefore show a lower clinical stage.
Microdiversity and evidence for high dispersal rates in the marine actinomycete ‘Salinispora pacifica’
Authors: Freel Kelle C. , Edlund Anna , Jensen Paul R.
Published: November 2011

In July of 2006 and January of 2008, a total of 671 marine sediment samples were collected at depths from 5 to 2012 m throughout the Fijian islands and selectively processed for the cultivation of marine actinomycetes belonging to the genus Salinispora. The primary objectives were to assess the diversity, distribution and phylogeny of ‘S. pacifica’, the least well studied of the three species in the genus. Employing a sequential screening method based on antibiotic sensitivity, RFLP patterns, and 16S rRNA and ITS sequence analyses, 42 of 750 isolates with Salinispora‐like features were identified as ‘S. pacifica’. These strains represent the first report of ‘S. pacifica’ from Fiji and include 15 representatives of 4 new ‘S. pacifica’ 16S rRNA sequence types. Among the ‘S. pacifica’ strains isolated, little evidence for geographical isolation emerged based on 16S, ITS or secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene fingerprinting. The inclusion of isolates from additional collection sites and other Salinispora spp. revealed a high degree of dispersal among ‘S. pacifica’ populations and phylogenetic support for the delineation of this lineage as a third species.
The effect of induced queen replacement on Nosema spp. infection in honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) colonies
Authors: Botías Cristina , Martín‐Hernández Raquel , Días Joyce , García‐Palencia Pilar , Matabuena María , Juarranz Ángeles , Barrios Laura , Meana Aránzazu , Nanetti Antonio , Higes Mariano
Published: November 2011

Microsporidiosis of adult honeybees caused by Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae is a common worldwide disease with negative impacts on colony strength and productivity. Few options are available to control the disease at present. The role of the queen in bee population renewal and the replacement of bee losses due to Nosema infection is vital to maintain colony homeostasis. Younger queens have a greater egg laying potential and they produce a greater proportion of uninfected newly eclosed bees to compensate for adult bee losses; hence, a field study was performed to determine the effect of induced queen replacement on Nosema infection in honey bee colonies, focusing on colony strength and honey production. In addition, the impact of long‐term Nosema infection of a colony on the ovaries and ventriculus of the queen was evaluated. Queen replacement resulted in a remarkable decrease in the rates of Nosema infection, comparable with that induced by fumagillin treatment. However, detrimental effects on the overall colony state were observed due to the combined effects of stressors such as the queenless condition, lack of brood and high infection rates. The ovaries and ventriculi of queens in infected colonies revealed no signs of Nosema infection and there were no lesions in ovarioles or epithelial ventricular cells.
Implementing ecosystem‐based management: evolution or revolution?
Authors: Berkes Fikret
Published: November 2011

As a dominant paradigm, ecosystem‐based fisheries have to come to terms with uncertainty and complexity, an interdisciplinary visioning of management objectives, and putting humans back into the ecosystem. The goal of this article is to suggest that implementing ecosystem‐based management (EBM) has to be ‘revolutionary’ in the sense of going beyond conventional practices. It would require the use of multiple disciplines and multiple objectives, dealing with technically unresolvable management problems of complex adaptive systems and expanding scope from management to governance. Developing the governance toolbox would require expanding into new kinds of interaction unforeseen by the mid‐twentieth‐century fathers of fishery science – governance that may involve cooperative, multilevel management, partnerships, social learning and knowledge co‐production. In addition to incorporating relatively well‐known resilience, adaptive management and co‐management approaches, taking EBM to the next stage may include some of the following: conceptualizing EBM as a ‘wicked problem’; conceptualizing fisheries as social‐ecological systems; picking and choosing from an assortment of new governance approaches; and finding creative ways to handle complexity.
Forecasting good or bad behaviour: A non‐transparent test of contrastive responses to cultural cues
Authors: Mok Aurelia , Morris Michael W.
Published: November 2011

Bicultural individuals vary in the degree to which their two cultural identities are integrated – Bicultural Identity Integration (BII). Among Asian‐Americans, for example, some experience their Asian and American sides as integrated (high BII) whereas others experience the two as divided (low BII). Past research on social judgement found that individual differences in BII affect the way biculturals respond to cultural cues or norms in their situation. Asian‐Americans with low BII tend to contrast to the cultural norm (e.g. they exhibit typically American judgements when in Asian cultural situations) rather than assimilate to them, a response observed more among high BII individuals (e.g., they exhibit typically Asian judgements when in Asian cultural situations). Research has interpreted the contrastive response as reflecting implicit identity motives, yet past studies used measures that make cultural differences salient. Conscious awareness of the experimental hypothesis could elicit contrastive responses. The present research assessed forecasts of others' behaviour in which cultural group differences are less obvious: Asians, compared to Westerners, forecast more positive behaviours from others. In three experiments with Asian‐Americans, we found the contrastive response by low BII individuals persisted. They made more positive forecasts after exposure to American versus Asian cultural cues. This suggests that the moderating role of BII on responses to cultural cues is not a matter of demand characteristics or limited to stereotypical cultural differences. Implications for bicultural identity, implicit processes, and organizational behaviour are discussed.
Small Steps that Matter: Incremental Learning, Slack Resources and Organizational Performance
Authors: Salge Torsten Oliver , Vera Antonio
Published: November 2011

This paper examines the antecedents, consequences and moderators of incremental learning capabilities, understood as an organization's ability to gradually adapt and expand its knowledge base. Conceptualized as a dynamic capability, incremental learning is expected to be a vital driver of organizational adaptation. As dynamic capabilities consist of bundles of relatively stable routines, it is proposed that an organization's level of incremental learning capabilities will be highly persistent over time. It is also argued that building and exercising incremental learning capabilities is resource intensive and will as such tend to rely on the availability of sufficient slack resources. Last, it is suggested that incremental learning will be positively related to organizational performance, especially when the underlying business model is labour rather than capital intensive. To test these theoretical ideas, the authors draw on extensive panel data from all public non‐specialist hospitals in England and find broad support for their hypotheses.
Who is it that Would Make Business Schools More Critical? A Response to Tatli
Authors: Ford Jackie , Harding Nancy , Learmonth Mark
Published: November 2011

Our short paper, as a response to Tatli's recent comment on our work, provides the opportunity to develop further an exploration of problems that both Tatli and ourselves identify in critical management studies (CMS). Here, we articulate ideas that we shied away from in our original paper, notably regarding an unreflexive masculinity that dominates some aspects of CMS. We suggest that many of Dr Tatli's concerns resonate with our own. This response therefore aims to generate further debate about CMS and how it may be perpetuating some of those very practices it abhors in management and organizations.
Liberalising the German model: institutional change, organisational restructuring and workplace effects
Authors: Casey Catherine , Fiedler Antje , Erakovic Ljiljana
Published: November 2011

Institutional change at supranational, European Union level affects national and firm level institutions in various ways. This article traces effects of liberalisation measures in the airport industry enacted in two airport firms in Germany. The study, based on qualitative empirical research, found that EU liberalisation facilitated company creation of subsidiaries (subsidiarisation) and elevated shareholder interest in corporate governance. These factors affected institutional practices and cultural norms within the German industrial context that in turn influenced significant alterations in employment and workplace relations. Considerable disruption of the German social partnership model of corporate governance and industrial relations was observed. However, in addition to patterns of convergence towards neoliberal practices and outcomes frequently observed in Anglo‐Saxon systems, the study found some elements of effective retention of cultural institutional resources of the German model. Both ‘path departure’ and social embeddedness appear to coexist.
The views of people who care for adults with Down’s syndrome and dementia: a service evaluation
Authors: Furniss Kate Atkins , Loverseed Annie , Lippold Tessa , Dodd Karen
Published: November 2011

Accessible summary

Sometimes older people get confused and forget things and need lots of help: this is called dementia. People with Down’s syndrome are more likely to develop dementia than other people with learning disabilities. When people have dementia, they need extra help from their families or from their care staff.

Psychologists talked to families and care staff about what they knew about dementia, and what they found difficult about caring for somebody with Down’s syndrome and dementia. They were asked about what help they got from services and what help they would like in the future.

It was found that:

Most people found it hard looking after someone with Down’s syndrome and dementia.

Review meetings were very important to them. They asked to be there for assessments and meetings.

Most people wanted to know more about Down’s syndrome and dementia. They asked for a booklet about it and for someone to explain it to them.

Some people worried a lot about the future.

It is well established that people with Down’s syndrome are more likely to develop dementia than other people and that onset of dementia is likely to occur earlier at an earlier age. The article reports on a specialist service for people with Down’s syndrome and dementia. The service has offered dementia screening and assessment to people with Down’s syndrome for over 10 years and has also developed to offer support and training for carers. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with family carers, relatives and staff about the impact on them of caring for someone with Down’s syndrome and how the dementia service supports them in this role. The resulting data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The responses provide rich insights into the areas of ‘knowledge and information’, ‘coping and support’ and ‘concerns about the future’. Interviewees also identified services they wanted for the future. As a result of this evaluation, a number of changes have been proposed and begun to be implemented within the service. The results have important implications for other health, social care and voluntary organisations.
Communication supports in residential services for people with an intellectual disability
Authors: Dalton Caroline , Sweeney John
Published: November 2011

Accessible summary

 Support staff were asked what were the important things they did to support people with an intellectual disability and communication difficulties.

 Support staff said that they understood that facilitating people to communicate effectively could improve the quality of life of these people.

 However, support staff said they did not always have the training or resources to provide this support.

 Support staff need to learn more about how to support people with an intellectual disability and ensure their right to communicate is upheld.

This study explores front‐line staff knowledge and perceptions of how people with intellectual disability residing in residential services are supported to communicate effectively. Participants (n = 138) completed a self‐report questionnaire adapted from an instrument developed by DeSimone & Cascella (2005) Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 17(1): 1. Support staff recognise that facilitating people with an intellectual disability to communicate is an important part of their role. Support staff indicate that when the importance of supporting communication is recognised and prioritised, it has a marked impact on the quality of life of people availing of residential services. However, front‐line staff indicate that they do not always have the knowledge or resources to provide such supports. Lack of specialist support services such as speech and language therapists is identified as a constraint. It is suggested that an organization‐wide commitment is required across front‐line services to ensure that the right of people with an intellectual disability to communicate is upheld.
Urinary cortisol levels of gray‐cheeked mangabeys are higher in disturbed compared to undisturbed forest areas inKibaleNationalPark,Uganda
Authors: Jaimez N. A. , Bribiescas R. G. , Aronsen G. P. , Anestis S. A. , Watts D. P.
Published: November 2011

Habitat disturbance due to anthropogenic activities is a source of acute and chronic energetic stress in wild animals, including primates. Physiological responses to stress can compromise growth and reproduction, increase susceptibility to infection and lead to deleterious effects on health and conservation efforts. However, physiological measures of energetic stress in association with habitat disturbance are uncommon, especially for wild primate species. Here, we report differences in the stress hormone cortisol in two subpopulations of wild gray‐cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) inhabiting disturbed and undisturbed forest areas ofKibaleNationalPark,Uganda. Cortisol levels were assessed via opportunistically and noninvasively collected urine samples using previously validated methods. We hypothesized that mangabeys in disturbed forest (DF) areas would experience greater stress and therefore exhibit higher average cortisol levels than conspecifics in nearby relatively undisturbed forest areas (UF). As predicted, mangabeys in the disturbed area had significantly higher cortisol levels (unpairedt‐test of log transformed data,t = 4.88, d.f. = 108,P < 0.0001). Mangabeys in undisturbed forest exhibited expected diurnal patterns of cortisol excretion while those in disturbed areas did not, suggesting alteration of the circadian pattern of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal function (DF,r = 0.12,P = 0.43;UF,r = 0.35,P = 0.005). Reasons for differences are unclear, but could include altered food availability and distribution, human contact or other anthropogenic effects. Noninvasive measurements of urinary hormones are useful for quantifying animal energetic stress in the wild and assessing the effects of conservation efforts to attenuate anthropogenic stress in wild populations.
Developing β‐secretase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Brindisi Margherita , Tang Jordan
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120 (Suppl. 1), 71–83.

β‐Secretase (memapsin 2; BACE‐1) is the first protease in the processing of amyloid precursor protein leading to the production of amyloid‐β (Aβ) in the brain. It is believed that high levels of brain Aβ are responsible for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, β‐secretase is a major therapeutic target for the development of inhibitor drugs. During the past decade, steady progress has been made in the evolution of β‐secretase inhibitors toward better drug properties. Recent inhibitors are potent, selective and have been shown to penetrate the blood‐brain barrier to inhibit Aβ levels in the brains of experimental animals. Moreover, continuous administration of a β‐secretase inhibitor was shown to rescue age‐related cognitive decline in transgenic AD mice. A small number of β‐secretase inhibitors have also entered early phase clinical trials. These developments offer some optimism for the clinical development of a disease‐modifying drug for AD.
A qualitative study of depressive symptoms and well‐being among first‐time mothers
Authors: Haga Silje M. , Lynne Anita , Slinning Kari , Kraft Pål
Published: November 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 458–466

A qualitative study of depressive symptoms and well‐being among first‐time mothers

Background and aim:  Ten to 15% of women experience postpartum depression. First‐time mothers are particularly at risk. The present qualitative study aimed to gain insight in terms of why some women find the transition of becoming a mother to be so emotionally taxing that they feel some level of depressed mood, while others feel mostly content after having a baby.

Method:  Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 self‐selected first‐time mothers. Participants described their pregnancy and birth experience, expectations and experiences with regard to the postpartum period, social support and what they considered important with regard to well‐being and depression in the postpartum period. Data were analysed by means of thematic analyses. Ethical approval was granted by the Regional Ethics Committee.

Results:  Two approaches to motherhood emerged, which we refer to as ‘relaxed’ and ‘controlled’. These approaches influenced how the mothers had envisioned the postpartum period, their need for mastery and how they experienced it emotionally. Social support and managing breastfeeding stood out as important with regard to well‐being and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:  Frequent consultations with midwifes and public health nurses during the pregnancy and the postpartum period gives unique opportunities for preventive work. The consultations should to a greater extent focus on the woman’s expectations and needs, and the partner should be present for an open discussion on how they best support each other in this vulnerable period.
Earthquake disasters and resilience in the global North: lessons from New Zealand and Japan
Authors: CROWLEY (NÉE DONOVAN) K , ELLIOTT J R
Published: November 2011

In 2011 two significant earthquakes tested the world's most seismically resilient communities: the Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand and the Tohoku earthquake in Japan. These events challenged some of the best enforced, high‐quality seismic building codes in the world and shocked two resilient communities. Although both countries coped extremely well, the concern lies with the many seismically vulnerable countries that are becoming rapidly industrial and urban centric. This commentary briefly examines the Christchurch and Tohuku earthquakes and considers what makes a community resilient and what can be learnt about resilience from ‘disasters’ in the global North.
Reference Values of Right Atrial Longitudinal Strain Imaging by Two‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking
Authors: Padeletti Margherita , Cameli Matteo , Lisi Matteo , Malandrino Angela , Zacà Valerio , Mondillo Sergio
Published: November 2011

Background: The role of speckle tracking in the assessment of right atrial (RA) deformation dynamics has not been established yet. The reference ranges of RA longitudinal strain indices were measured by speckle tracking in a population of normal subjects. Methods: In 84 healthy individuals, peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS), peak atrial contraction strain (PACS), and time to peak longitudinal strain (TPLS) were measured using a six‐segment model for the RA. Strain rate (SR) was also measured starting from the QRS‐wave onset, peak positive (x‐wave), first peak negative (y‐wave), and second negative peak (z‐wave). The time from the QRS onset was measured to each wave peak. Results: Adequate tracking quality was achieved in 64% of segments analyzed. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability coefficients of measurements ranged between 6% and 11%. Global PALS was 49 ± 13%, global TPLS was 363 ± 59 msec, x‐wave was 2.12 ± 0.58 sec−1, y‐wave was −1.91 ± 0.63 sec−1, and z‐wave was −2.18 ± 0.78 sec−1. Conclusion: Speckle tracking is a feasible technique for the assessment of longitudinal myocardial RA deformation. Reference ranges of strain indices were reported. (Echocardiography 2012;29:147‐152)
The relative contribution of local habitat and landscape context to metapopulation processes: a dynamic occupancy modeling approach
Authors: Frey Sarah J. K. , Strong Allan M. , McFarland Kent P.
Published: November 2011

Changes in site occupancy across habitat patches have often been attributed to landscape features in fragmented systems, particularly when considering metapopulations. However, failure to include habitat quality of individual patches can mask the relative importance of local scale features in determining distributional changes. We employed dynamic occupancy modeling to compare the strength of local habitat variables and metrics of landscape patterns as drivers of metapopulation dynamics for a vulnerable, high‐elevation species in a naturally fragmented landscape. Repeat surveys of Bicknell's thrush Catharus bicknelli presence/non‐detection were conducted at 88 sites across Vermont, USA in 2006 and 2007. We used an organism‐based approach, such that at each site we measured important local‐scale habitat characteristics and quantified landscape‐scale features using a predictive habitat model for this species. We performed a principal component analysis on both the local and landscape features to reduce dimensionality. We estimated site occupancy, colonization, and extinction probabilities while accounting for imperfect detection. Univariate, additive, and interaction models of local habitat and landscape context were ranked using AICc scores. Both local and landscape scales were important in determining changes in occupancy patterns. An interaction between scales was detected for occupancy dynamics indicating that the relationship of the parameters to local‐scale habitat conditions can change depending on the landscape context and vice versa. An increase in both landscape‐ and local‐scale habitat quality increased occupancy and colonization probability while decreasing extinction risk. Colonization and extinction were both more strongly influenced by local habitat quality relative to landscape patterns. We also identified clear, qualitative thresholds for landscape‐scale features. Conservation of large habitat patches in high‐cover landscapes will help ensure persistence of Bicknell's thrushes, but only if local scale habitat quality is maintained. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating information beyond landscape characteristics when investigating patch occupancy patterns in metapopulations.
Genetic polymorphism studies in periodontitis and Fcγ receptors
Authors: Chai L. , Song Y.‐Q. , Leung W. K.
Published: November 2011

Chai L, Song Y‐Q, Leung WK. Genetic polymorphism studies in periodontitis and Fcγ receptors. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 273–285. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Periodontitis is a complex chronic subgingival plaque‐induced inflammatory disease influenced by multiple factors, including genetics, behavior and the environment. Many genetic association studies have been conducted in periodontology. One of the most extensively investigated gene families is the Fcγ receptor gene family, which plays a key role in regulating host immune responses to bacteria. Unlike other genetic polymorphisms reported in periodontology, most Fcγ receptor polymorphisms reported not only have established biological functions but are reported to associate with other autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. There are, however, few recent reviews summarizing the association of this gene family with periodontitis. This article critically reviews the current understanding of genetic polymorphism studies in periodontitis, then summarizes the research status of Fcγ receptor polymorphisms and periodontitis and also of other genes involved in the regulatory network of Fcγ receptors, with special reference to their anticipated biological roles. Moreover, some possible future research directions in the related area are discussed.
Impact of pain location, organ system and treating speciality on timely delivery of analgesia in emergency departments
Authors: Hansen Kim , Thom Ogilvie , Rodda Hamish , Price Melanie , Jackson Chris , Bennetts Scott , Doherty Steven , Bartlett Harry
Published: November 2011

Objective: This retrospective, observational cohort study investigated whether the clinical features of a patient's pain, including anatomical location, organ system and likely treating speciality, impact on the delivery of analgesia within 30 min in EDs.

Methods: Data were obtained from 24 centres across Australia between April 2008 and March 2009. Principal outcome was delivery of analgesia within 30 min or less. Factors that might explain any differences were analysed, including anatomical location of the pain, likely treating speciality, organ system affected, age, sex, day and time of presentation, hospital location, documented pain score and triage category. Analysis was by the χ2‐test for independence of proportions and multiple logistic regression. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: There were 4598 patients, of whom 2578 were male. The median age was 36 years (range 0–103). Both limb origin of pain (χ2= 46.1, P < 0.001) and documentation of a pain score (χ2= 48.6, P < 0.001) were strongly associated with delivery of analgesia within 30 min. Attending a rural ED was a significant risk factor for delayed analgesia (χ2= 12.5, P < 0.001). Burns patients (40.2%, 47 of 117, P < 0.001) and orthopaedic patients (26.1%, 259 of 992, P < 0.001) were much more likely to received analgesia within 30 min than the mean (19.5%, 896 of 4598).

Conclusions: Patients presenting with burns, orthopaedic conditions or with a limb location of pain are more likely to receive analgesia within 30 min in Australian EDs. Clinicians should be aware of possible trends in the delivery of timely analgesia to patients with pain.
Intratesticular benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Hohšteter M. , Smolec O. , Gudan Kurilj A. , ŠOštaric′‐Zuckermann I.‐C. , Bata I. , Grabarevic′ Ž.
Published: November 2011

A domestic ferret was submitted for sterilisation because of right testis enlargement. Oestradiol and cortisol concentrations were within normal physiological ranges, but testosterone was below and progesterone above normal. Microscopically, the right testis, with the exception of a small part of the epididymis, was replaced with neoplastic tissue. The tumour was composed of streams and bundles of closely packed spindle to ovoid cells forming whorls around collagen and capillaries, and separated by a collagenous matrix. In some areas, cells were loosely arranged and separated by a pale myxomatous matrix. The left testis showed atrophy. The majority of neoplastic cells expressed vimentin and S‐100 protein, while expression of collagen IV was moderate and there was no expression of glial fibrillary acid protein. On the basis of macroscopical and histopathological findings, and supported by immunohistochemical reactivity, the diagnosis of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour was made. This is the first report of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour in ferret testis.
Oestrus ovis infestation of a dog in the UK
Authors: McGarry J. , Penrose F. , Collins C.
Published: November 2011

In March 2011, a dog on a sheep farm in the Cotswolds, UK, expelled a mature live third‐stage larva of the sheep nasal botfly, Oestrus ovis, after a violent and traumatic sneezing episode. The dog had been infected with first‐stage larvae deposited by an adult fly the previous autumn; larval development had progressed throughout the winter and spring with few apparent clinical signs and possibly masked by ongoing immunotherapy for an unrelated condition. Identification of the parasite at the Liverpool School of Veterinary Science was made from a submitted puparium, the “chrysalis” stage to which the larva had progressed within days of its expulsion from dog’s nose. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report of nasal botfly infestation of a dog in the UK.
Studies of Reaction Variables for Lipase‐Catalyzed Production of Alpha‐Linolenic Acid Enriched Structured Lipid and Oxidative Stability with Antioxidants
Authors: Mitra Kanika , Shin Jung‐Ah , Lee Jeung‐Hee , Kim Seong‐Ai , Hong Soon‐Taek , Sung Chang‐Keun , Lian Xue Cheng , Lee Ki‐Teak
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) enriched structured lipid (SL) was produced by lipase‐catalyzed interesterification from perilla oil (PO) and corn oil (CO). The effects of different reaction conditions (substrate molar ratio [PO/CO 1:1 to 1:3], reaction time [0 to 24 h], and reaction temperature [55 to 65 °C]) were studied. Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei was used as biocatalyst. We obtained 32.39% of ALA in SL obtained under the optimized conditions (molar ratio—1:1 [PO:CO], temperature—60 °C, reaction time—15 h). In SL, the major triacylglycerol (TAG) species (linolenoyl‐linolenoyl‐linolenoyl glycerol [LnLnLn], linolenoyl‐linolenoyl‐linoleoyl glycerol [LnLnL]) mainly from PO and linoleoyl‐linoleoyl‐oleoyl glycerol (LLO), linoleoyl‐oleoyl‐oleoyl glycerol (LOO), palmitoyl‐linoleoyl‐oleoyl glycerol (PLO) from CO decreased while linolenoyl‐linolenoyl‐oleoyl glycerol (LnLnO) (18.41%), trilinolein (LLL) (9.06%), LLO (16.66%), palmitoyl‐linoleoyl‐linoleoyl glycerol (PLL) (9.69%) were increased compared to that of physical blend. Total tocopherol content (28.01 mg/100 g), saponification value (SV) (192.2), and iodine value (IV) (161.9) were obtained. Furthermore, oxidative stability of the SL was also investigated by addition of 3 different antioxidants (each 200 ppm of rosemary extract [SL‐ROS], BHT [SL‐BHT], catechin [SL‐CAT]) was added into SL and stored in 60 °C oven for 30 d. 2‐Thiobabituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) value was 0.16 mg/kg in SL‐CAT and 0.18 mg/kg in SL‐ROS as compared with 0.22 mg/kg in control (SL) after oxidation. The lowest peroxide value (POV, 200.9 meq/kg) and longest induction time (29.88 h) was also observed in SL‐CAT.
Negative expectancies for the group's outcomes undermine normative collective action: Conflict between Christian and Muslim groups in Lebanon
Authors: Tabri Nassim , Conway Michael
Published: November 2011

In this extension of the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA;Van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2008), group expectancies are an intervening construct for the impact of group identification, perceived group inefficacy, and perceived group injustice on normative collective action. In addition to the SIMCA path from greater group identification to more action, Hypothesis 1 was that greater identification fosters less negative group expectancies, which, in turn, promote action. Hypothesis 2 was that the SIMCA path from greater perceived group inefficacy to less action is mediated by negative group expectancies. These hypotheses were for low‐ and high‐status groups, as was the expectation for the SIMCA path from greater perceived group injustice to more action. For the low‐status group, Hypothesis 3 was that perceived injustice also undermines action by fostering more negative group expectancies. During severe ethno‐religious group conflict in Lebanon, university students reported on SIMCA factors and their group expectancies. Results were in line with SIMCA and Hypotheses 2 and 3, and partly with Hypothesis 1. Group expectancies are discussed in relation to likelihood of amelioration, perceived instability, and emotions. Types of expectancies are discussed, as is the relation of expectancies to normative and non‐normative collective action.
An investigation of the social identity model of collective action and the ‘sedative’ effect of intergroup contact among Black and White students in South Africa
Authors: Cakal Huseyin , Hewstone Miles , Schwär Gerhard , Heath Anthony
Published: November 2011

Two studies investigated the role of intergroup contact in predicting collective action tendencies along with three key predictors proposed by the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA; Van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2008). Study 1 (N= 488 Black South African students) tested whether social identity would positively, whereas intergroup contact would negatively predict collective action and support for policies benefiting the ingroup. Study 2 (N= 244 White South African students) predicted whether social identity would positively predict collective action benefiting the ingroup, and intergroup contact would positively predict support for policies to benefit the Black outgroup. Both studies yielded evidence in support of the predictive power of social identity and contact on collective action and policy support. Additionally, Study 1 confirmed that intergroup contact moderated the effects of social identity on relative deprivation, and relative deprivation on collective action. Overall findings support an integration of SIMCA and intergroup contact theory, and provide a fuller understanding of the social psychological processes leading to collective action.
The context of control: A cross‐national investigation of the link between political institutions, efficacy, and collective action
Authors: Corcoran Katie E. , Pettinicchio David , Young Jacob T. N.
Published: November 2011

Most research on efficacy and participation in collective action has focused on single country samples with little attention paid to the relationship between efficacy and country‐level structural factors. Drawing on value expectancy theory, we theorize a link between macro‐level political institutions and micro‐level efficacy. To address the previous limitations in the efficacy and collective action literature, we use multi‐level, cross‐national data, and present results from a series of hierarchical models testing whether efficacy increases collective action cross‐nationally, whether political institutions affect efficacy, and whether the effect of efficacy on collective action is conditional on political institutions. We find that efficacy increases collective action, that certain political institutions increase efficacy, and that the effect of efficacy on collective action is partly conditional on the inclusiveness of a country's political institutions. These findings suggest the insufficiency of purely structural as well as social psychological explanations of collective action.
Boundary Stabilization of Parachute Dams in Contact With Fluid
Authors: Najafi Ali , Eghtesad Mohammad , Daneshmand Farhang , Lotfazar Amir
Published: November 2011

The boundary stabilization of a coupled fluid-structure system consisting of a vibrating parachute dam in contact with a fluid is studied in this paper. The parachute dam dynamics is presented by nonlinear partial differential equations. The fluid is assumed to be Newtonian, barotropic, and compressible. For the stability analysis of the coupled system, the boundary control method is used; a boundary feedback is constructed to stabilize the vibrations of the dam and the fluid simultaneously. The control force consists of the feedback from dam tension at its end. Moreover, the exponential stabilization of the parachute dam is achieved using a Lyapunov functional and boundary feedback.
Dynamics of an Electromechanical System With Angular and Ferroresonant Nonlinearities
Authors: Tcheutchoua Fossi D. O. , Woafo P.
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamics of an electromechanical system consisting of a torsion-bar or two mechanical pumps activated by an electromotor. Oscillatory solutions showing the jump and hysteresis phenomena are obtained using the harmonic balance method and direct numerical simulation. Chaotic behavior is presented via the bifurcation diagrams and corresponding Lyapunov exponent. Some implications of the results on the applications of the devices are discussed.
Advances in Sheet Forming—Materials Modeling, Numerical Simulation, and Press Technologies
Authors: Lee M. G. , Kim C. , Pavlina E. J. , Barlat F.
Published: November 2011

Forming modern advanced high strength steels poses challenges that were not of real importance in the previous decades. These challenges are the result of the steels’ complex microstructures and hardening behaviors, and the problems directly related to the high strength of the material, especially springback. New methodologies and processes are required to overcome these challenges and to produce formed panels via optimized forming processes. This paper reviews the key developments in the fields of numerical simulation of sheet forming processes, the material models required to obtain accurate results, and the advanced stamping presses and approaches for shaping modern steel sheet materials into desired shapes. Present research trends are summarized, which point to further developmental possibilities. Within the next decade, it is predicted that numerical simulations will become an integral part of the developmental and optimization process for stamping tools and forming processes. In addition to predicting the strains in the formed panel and its shape after trimming and springback, the simulation technology will also determine the optimum displacement path of the forming tool elements to realize minimum springback. Toward those goals, digital servo presses are expected to become an integral element of the overall forming technology.
Complete Genome Sequence of Highly Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCGM2.S1, a Representative Strain of a Cluster Endemic to Japan
Authors: Miyoshi-Akiyama Tohru , Kuwahara Tomoko , Tada Tatsuya , Kitao Tomoe , Kirikae Teruo
Published: November 2011

We report the completely annotated genome sequence of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
NCGM2.S1, a representative strain of a cluster endemic to Japan with a high level of resistance to carbapenem (MIC ≥ 128 μg/ml), amikacin (MIC ≥ 128 μg/ml), and fluoroquinolone (MIC ≥ 128 μg/ml).
Crystalline assemblies of porphyrins with mixed bromophenyl and pyridyl meso-substituents and manifestation of supramolecular chirality induced by inter-porphyrin Br⋯N halogen bonds
Authors: Titi Hatem M. , Karmakar Anirban , Goldberg Israel
Published: November 2011

Four new crystalline solids based on the zinc-5,15-bis(4′-bromophenyl)-10,20- bis(4′-pyridyl)porphyrin ( Zn –DBDPyP) and zinc/copper-5,10,15-tris(4′-bromophenyl)-20-(4′-pyridyl)-porphyrin ( Zn/Cu –TBMPyP) platforms as building blocks, have been prepared and structurally analyzed by X-ray diffraction in order to examine whether the Br⋯N halogen bond can be effective in directing the supramolecular assembly of this functionalized porphyrins, in a similar way observed earlier for their iodophenyl-substituted analogs. The zinc ion in the porphyrin core was protected by an external ligand (pyridyl or methanol) to prevent its possible coordination to the pyridyl-porphyrin substituents. Neither the bis-pyridyl Zn (py)–DBDPyP scaffold nor the Zn(MeOH)/Cu –TBMPyP exhibited inter-porphyrin halogen bonding in their corresponding crystals. Only the layered self-assembly of the Zn (py)–TBMPyP building block was found to be uniquely directed by Br⋯N halogen bonds, as well as by Br⋯Br and Br⋯π interactions. This observation supports our notion that asymmetric functionalization of the tetraarylporphyrin scaffold, combined with directional interporphyrin interactions (as halogen bonding), represent a promising approach to supramolecular chirality.