bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal cytokine profile in neuropathy with anti‐neurofascin 155 antibody
Authors: Ogata Hidenori , Zhang Xu , Yamasaki Ryo , Fujii Takayuki , Machida Akira , Morimoto Nobutoshi , Kaida Kenichi , Masuda Teruaki , Ando Yukio , Kuwahara Motoi , Kusunoki Susumu , Nakamura Yuri , Matsushita Takuya , Isobe Noriko , Kira Jun‐ichi
Published: October 2019

Objective

To characterize the CSF cytokine profile in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) patients with IgG4 anti‐neurofascin 155 (NF155) antibodies (NF155+ CIDP) or those lacking anti‐NF155 antibodies (NF155− CIDP).

Methods

Twenty‐eight CSF cytokines/chemokines/growth factors were measured by multiplexed fluorescent immunoassay in 35 patients with NF155+ CIDP, 36 with NF155− CIDP, and 28 with non‐inflammatory neurological disease (NIND).

Results

CSF CXCL8/IL‐8, IL‐13, TNF‐α, CCL11/eotaxin, CCL2/MCP‐1, and IFN‐γ were significantly higher, while IL‐1β, IL‐1ra, and G‐CSF were lower, in NF155+ CIDP than in NIND. Compared with NF155− CIDP, CXCL8/IL‐8 and IL‐13 were significantly higher, and IL‐1β, IL‐1ra, and IL‐6 were lower, in NF155+ CIDP. CXCL8/IL‐8, IL‐13, CCL11/eotaxin, CXCL10/IP‐10, CCL3/MIP‐1α, CCL4/MIP‐1β, and TNF‐α levels were positively correlated with markedly elevated CSF protein, while IL‐13, CCL11/eotaxin, and IL‐17 levels were positively correlated with increased CSF cell counts. IL‐13, CXCL8/IL‐8, CCL4/MIP‐1β, CCL3/MIP‐1α, and CCL5/RANTES were decreased by combined immunotherapies in nine NF155+ CIDP patients examined longitudinally. By contrast, NF155− CIDP had significantly increased IFN‐γ compared with NIND, and exhibited positive correlations of IFN‐γ, CXCL10/IP‐10, and CXCL8/IL‐8 with CSF protein. Canonical discriminant analysis of cytokines/chemokines revealed that NF155+ and NF155− CIDP were separable, and that IL‐4, IL‐10, and IL‐13 were the three most significant discriminators.

Interpretation

Intrathecal upregulation of type 2 helper T (Th2) cell cytokines is characteristic of IgG4 NF155+ CIDP, while type 1 helper T cell cytokines are increased in CIDP regardless of the presence or absence of anti‐NF155 antibodies, suggesting that overproduction of Th2 cell cytokines is unique to NF155+ CIDP.
Mock juror's perceptions of a child witness passing or failing a truth and lies discussion or promising to tell the truth
Authors: O'Connell Felicity , Cherryman Julie , Warmelink Lara
Published: October 2019

This study examined the effect of a child passing or failing the UK truth and lies discussion (TLD) compared with the Canadian promise to tell the truth on mock jurors' decisions regarding witness credibility and truthfulness and defendant guilt. Ninety‐two participants read a vignette that described a child witnessing his father physically attacking his mother. The vignette was manipulated for witness age (age 4 years and age 8 years) and TLD performance/promise. Supporting the hypotheses, participants rated the witness's credibility and truthfulness significantly higher after a witness passed a TLD and after promising to tell the truth. The age of the child witness did not significantly affect jurors' decision making. The results are discussed in relation to arguments regarding the abolition of the UK's TLD in favour of introducing a promise to tell the truth.
Iterative distributed fault detection and isolation for linear systems based on moving horizon estimation
Authors: Lauricella M. , Farina M. , Schneider R. , Scattolini R.
Published: October 2019

In modern engineering systems, reliability and safety can be conferred by efficient automatic monitoring and fault detection algorithms, allowing for the early identification and isolation of incipient faults. In case of large‐scale and complex systems, scalability issues and computational limitations make centralized monitoring and fault detection methods unapplicable. Research is therefore currently focusing on the development of distributed methods, where the computational complexity is divided among different units. In this paper, we propose a partition‐based model‐based fault detection and isolation scheme based on moving horizon estimation, able to estimate both the state variables and the possible faults, modeled as additive signals on the state and/or output equations. Its theoretical properties are analyzed, and numerical simulations are performed to witness its potentialities in a benchmark case study.
NIR/ROS‐Responsive Black Phosphorus QD Vesicles as Immunoadjuvant Carrier for Specific Cancer Photodynamic Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Zhi , Hu Yuehua , Fu Qinrui , Liu Yang , Wang Jie , Song Jibin , Yang Huanghao
Published: October 2019

2D black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets and BP quantum dots (BPQD), as two main material styles of BP, are widely used in the biomedical filed. However, few stimuli‐responsive BP nanocarriers are reported to meet the need of nanomedicine. Herein, near‐infrared region/reactive oxygen species (NIR/ROS) sensitive BPQD vesicles (BPNVs) are prepared by self‐assembly of amphiphilic BPQDs grafted with polyethylene glycol and ROS sensitive poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS). BPNVs exhibit enhanced photo‐absorption in the NIR region, and have high loading efficiency of immunoadjuvant CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) in the cavity of the BPNVs. Upon NIR laser irradiation, high levels of ROS are generated from BPNVs to trigger the change of hydrophobic PPS to hydrophilic polymers, leading to disassembly of the vesicles to BPQDs. In this manner, the BPNVs show synergistic photodynamic therapy combined with immunotherapy, due to simultaneous release of small BPQDs with deep tumor penetration and CpG with enhanced immunotherapy. The BPNVs‐CpG achieves potent photodynamic immunotherapy in vivo, in addition to block distant tumor growth and metastasis.
Green Biocomposites for Thermoelectric Wearable Applications
Authors: Cataldi Pietro , Cassinelli Marco , Heredia‐Guerrero José A. , Guzman‐Puyol Susana , Naderizadeh Sara , Athanassiou Athanassia , Caironi Mario
Published: October 2019

The materials commonly used to fabricate thermoelectric devices are tellurium, lead, and germanium. These materials ensure the best thermoelectric performance, but exhibit drawbacks in terms of availability, sustainability, cost, and manufacturing complexity. Moreover, they do not guarantee a safe and cheap implementation in wearable thermoelectric applications. Here, p‐Type and n‐type flexible thermoelectric textiles are produced with sustainable and low‐cost materials through green and scalable processes. Cotton is functionalized with inks made with biopolyester and carbon nanomaterials. Depending on the nanofiller, i.e., graphene nanoplatelets, carbon nanotubes, or carbon nanofibers, positive or negative Seebeck coefficient values are obtained, resulting in a remarkable electrical conductivity value of 55 S cm−1 using carbon nanotubes. The best bending and washing stability are registered for the carbon nanofiber‐based biocomposites, which increase their electrical resistance by 5 times after repeated bending cycles and only by 30% after washing. Finally, in‐plane flexible thermoelectric generators coupling the best p‐ and n‐type materials are fabricated and analysed, resulting in an output voltage of ≈1.65 mV and a maximum output power of ≈1.0 nW by connecting only 2 p/n thermocouples at a temperature difference of 70 °C.
Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes for Outdoor Displays with High Stability at High Brightness
Authors: Li Xinyu , Lin Qingli , Song Jiaojiao , Shen Huaibin , Zhang Huimin , Li Lin Song , Li Xiaoguang , Du Zuliang
Published: October 2019

Quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are considered to be the candidate light sources with the most potential for applications in displays. Recent advances in luminance, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and even the operation lifetime of QLEDs have already satisfied the requirements for low‐light‐level displays. However, the short operation lifetime under high brightness limits the application of QLEDs for outdoor displays and lightings. Here, demonstrated are green QLEDs with a T95 operation lifetime reaching up to 2500 h at high brightness (1000 cd m−2) with a high peak EQE of 23.9%, current efficiency of 100.5 cd A−1, and low efficiency roll‐off at high current. Both the EQE and lifetime of the QLEDs are superior to those reported to date for all solution‐processed green QLEDs. These major advances are qualitatively attributed to the use of a shell‐tailoring strategy for producing compositional graded CdZnSe/ZnSe/ZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots with a high photoluminescence quantum yield, suppressed nonradiative Förster resonant energy transfer and Auger recombination, and favorable valence band alignment for enhanced hole injection. Collectively, this work represents a huge step forward in eventually realizing QLEDs for high‐brightness display and lighting applications.
Quantitatively Correlated Amplitude Holography Based on Photon Sieves
Authors: Xu Zhentao , Huang Lingling , Li Xiaowei , Tang Chengchun , Wei Qunshuo , Wang Yongtian
Published: October 2019

As an excellent holographic information carrier, metasurface holograms possess the advantages of subwavelength footprint, leading to large field of view and high resolution. Meanwhile, intelligent algorithms should be developed to fully exploit the flexible modulation properties provided by metasurfaces. Here, two amplitude holograms with quantitatively correlation are realized using the photon sieve as the amplitude modulation device. A new iterative algorithm is developed to obtain the amplitude profiles of the two holograms with correlation, which can make the two profiles mutually connect by simply adding/erasing dynamic pixels. Two photon sieves composed of nanoholes arrays are fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme. This amplitude holography method can operate throughout the entire visible and near‐infrared wavelength regions with polarization independence, and it is expected to achieve switchable metasurface holography with the development of materials science. Such scheme promises to be applied in compact data storage, dual pattern recognition, optical encryption, and so on.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Three‐Component Synthesis of Tertiary Aryl Amines from Nitro Compounds, Boronic Acids, and Trialkyl Phosphites
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Csáky Aurelio G.
Published: October 2019

The synthesis of aromatic amines is of continuous interest in chemistry. An exceptionally versatile three‐component reaction that directly transforms inexpensive nitro compounds, boronic acids, and trialkyl phosphites into tertiary aromatic amines has been realized. The reaction tolerates alkyl and aryl substituents on the nitro and boronic acid moieties, as well as functionalized phosphites. No transition‐metal catalysis is required. The method is orthogonal to other classical metal‐catalyzed syntheses since it tolerates the presence of halogens, and also permits the synthesis of functionalized compounds such as α‐amino ester derivatives.

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Maximizing Efficiency of Artificial Intelligence‐Driven Drug Combination Optimization through Minimal Resolution Experimental Design
Authors: Lim Jhin Jieh , Goh Jasmine , Rashid Masturah Bte Mohd Abdul , Chow Edward Kai‐Hua
Published: October 2019

Combination therapy is critical to treating complex diseases, such as cancer. Optimizing drug combinations can be challenging when dealing with limited resources, such as patient tumor biopsies. This is due to the difficulty in screening large numbers of drug‐dose combinations as well as heterogenous patient responses. Developing a data‐driven approach that can efficiently and accurately determine the best drug combinations with the smallest number of experiments will have broad applications in both drug development as well as precision medicine. Quadratic Phenotypic Optimization Platform (QPOP) is an artificial intelligence (AI) approach that utilizes small experimental drug response datasets to accurately identify globally optimal drug combinations. QPOP exploits orthogonal array composite design (OACD), a combination of two‐level fractional factorial and three‐level orthogonal array components, to generate a minimal set of drug combinations sufficient for second‐order model fitting that is necessary to derive optimal drug combinations. In this study, a more efficient resolution IV OACD is able to derive optimal drug combinations and parabolic response surface maps, despite requiring fewer experimental runs than resolution V. As such, this study provides the framework for a more efficient OACD that can be applied toward AI‐driven drug combination design in patient‐based drug development and precision medicine.
Operando Observations of SEI Film Evolution by Mass‐Sensitive Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hou Chen , Han Jiuhui , Liu Pan , Yang Chuchu , Huang Gang , Fujita Takeshi , Hirata Akihiko , Chen Mingwei
Published: October 2019

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) spontaneously formed on anode surfaces as a passivation layer plays a critical role in the lithium dissolution and deposition upon discharge/charge in lithium ion batteries and lithium‐metal batteries. The formation kinetics and failure of the SEI films are the key factors determining the safety, power capability, and cycle life of lithium ion and lithium‐metal batteries. Since SEI films evolve with the volumetric and interfacial changes of anodes, it is technically challenging in experimental study of SEI kinetics. Here operando observations are reported of SEI formation, growth, and failure at a high current density by utilizing a mass‐sensitive Cs‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. The sub‐nano‐scale observations reveal a bilayer hybrid structure of SEI films and demonstrate the radical assisted SEI growth after the SEI thickness beyond the electron tunneling regime. The failure of SEI films is associated with rapid dissolution of inorganic layers when they directly contact with the electrolyte in broken SEI films. The initiation of cracks in SEI films is caused by heterogeneous volume changes of the electrodes during delithiation. These microscopic insights have important implications in understanding SEI kinetics and in developing high‐performance anodes with the formation of robust SEI films.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Interphasial and Structural Evolution over Long‐Term Cycling of Ultrahigh‐Nickel Cathodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jianyu , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: October 2019

Ultrahigh‐Ni layered oxides hold great promise as high‐energy‐density cathodes at an affordable cost for lithium‐ion batteries, yet their practical application is greatly hampered by the poor cyclability. Herein, by employing LiNi0.94Co0.06O2 as a model cathode in a full‐cell configuration, the interphasial and structural evolution processes of ultrahigh‐Ni layered oxides are systematically investigated over the course of their service life (1500 cycles). By applying advanced analytic techniques (e.g., Li‐isotope labeling, region‐of‐interest method), the dynamic chemical evolution on the cathode surface is revealed with spatial resolution, and the correlation between lattice distortion and cathode surface reactivity is established. Benefiting from in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the ultrahigh‐Ni layered oxide is demonstrated to undergo dual‐phase reaction mechanisms with huge lattice variation, which leads to a decrease in crystallinity and secondary particle pulverization. Furthermore, the critical impact of cathode surface reaction on the graphite anode–electrolyte interphase (AEI) is revealed at nanometer scale, and a universal chemical/physical evolution process of the AEI is illustrated, for the first time. Finally, the practical viability of ultrahigh‐Ni layered oxides is demonstrated through Al‐doping strategy. This work presents a comprehensive understanding of the structural and interphasial degradation of ultrahigh‐Ni layered oxide cathodes for developing high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries.
Genetic, Structural, and Functional Evidence Link TMEM175 to Synucleinopathies
Authors: Krohn Lynne , Öztürk Tuğba Nur , Vanderperre Benoît , Ouled Amar Bencheikh Bouchra , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Laurent Sandra B. , Spiegelman Dan , Postuma Ronald B. , Arnulf Isabelle , Hu Michele T. M. , Dauvilliers Yves , Högl Birgit , Stefani Ambra , Monaca Christelle Charley , Plazzi Giuseppe , Antelmi Elena , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Heidbreder Anna , Rudakou Uladzislau , Cochen De Cock Valérie , Young Peter , Wolf Pavlina , Oliva Petra , Zhang Xiaokui Kate , Greenbaum Lior , Liong Christopher , Gagnon Jean‐François , Desautels Alex , Hassin‐Baer Sharon , Montplaisir Jacques Y. , Dupré Nicolas , Rouleau Guy A. , Fon Edward A. , Trempe Jean‐François , Lamoureux Guillaume , Alcalay Roy N. , Gan‐Or Ziv
Published: October 2019

Objective

The TMEM175/GAK/DGKQ locus is the 3rd strongest risk locus in genome‐wide association studies of Parkinson disease (PD). We aimed to identify the specific disease‐associated variants in this locus, and their potential implications.

Methods

Full sequencing of TMEM175/GAK/DGKQ followed by genotyping of specific associated variants was performed in PD (n = 1,575) and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) patients (n = 533) and in controls (n = 1,583). Adjusted regression models and a meta‐analysis were performed. Association between variants and glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity was analyzed in 715 individuals with available data. Homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and lysosomal localization experiments were performed on TMEM175 variants to determine their potential effects on structure and function.

Results

Two coding variants, TMEM175 p.M393T (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, p = 0.0003) and p.Q65P (OR = 0.72, p = 0.005), were associated with PD, and p.M393T was also associated with RBD (OR = 1.59, p = 0.001). TMEM175 p.M393T was associated with reduced GCase activity. Homology modeling and normal mode analysis demonstrated that TMEM175 p.M393T creates a polar side‐chain in the hydrophobic core of the transmembrane, which could destabilize the domain and thus impair either its assembly, maturation, or trafficking. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the p.Q65P variant may increase stability and ion conductance of the transmembrane protein, and lysosomal localization was not affected by these variants.

Interpretation

Coding variants in TMEM175 are likely to be responsible for the association in the TMEM175/GAK/DGKQ locus, which could be mediated by affecting GCase activity. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:139–153
Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalic Acid Esters in Gums and Soapstocks Obtained from Soybean Oil Refinery
Authors: Chen Dongsheng , Shi Longkai , Song Gaoxiang
Published: October 2019

Soybean oil gums and soapstocks are important by‐products that may potentially be contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POP) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and phthalic acid esters (PAE), thus lowering the value when using them as starting materials to produce animal feed additives, food industry ingredients, and pharmaceutical products. In the present work, PAH and PAE distributions in these two types of by‐products were detected using solvent extraction–solid phase extraction purification coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Total PAH and PAE amounts in the soapstocks were significantly higher than those in the gums, thus indicating that neutralization showed much higher removal efficiency than degumming in terms of PAH and PAE eliminations. Meanwhile, the results proved that the concentrations of these two kinds of contaminants in the soybean oil gums and soapstocks were much higher than those in the soybean oils, suggesting that further investigations were needed and that the contents of PAH and PAE in soybean oil refining by‐products should be carefully monitored and regulated.
Increased T Cell Plasticity With Dysregulation of Follicular Helper T, Peripheral Helper T, and Treg Cell Responses in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Down Syndrome–Associated Arthritis
Authors: Foley C. , Floudas A. , Canavan M. , Biniecka M. , MacDermott E. J. , Veale D. J. , Mullan R. H. , Killeen O. G. , Fearon U.
Published: October 2019

Objective

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common inflammatory arthritis in children; however, an aggressive, erosive arthritis of little‐known immunologic mechanism occurs 20 times more frequently in children with Down syndrome. This study was undertaken to characterize T cell and B cell polyreactivity, follicular helper T (Tfh) cell, peripheral helper T (Tph) cell, and Treg cell responses, and synovial inflammation in Down syndrome–associated arthritis (DA).

Methods

Multiparametric flow cytometric analysis and Simplified Presentation of Incredibly Complex Evaluations (SPICE) software were used to examine peripheral blood B cell populations and T cell cytokine responses in patients with DA, JIA, Down syndrome (trisomy 21 [T21]), and in healthy controls. Tfh and Tph cell frequency and origin, in addition to Treg cell frequency, were also evaluated. Synovial inflammation was assessed by immunohistology.

Results

Expansion of IgM‐only memory B cells was demonstrated in DA compared to JIA (mean ± SEM 22.48 ± 3.278 versus 9.011 ± 1.317; P = 0.005), paralleled by decreased frequency of transitional B cells. T cell responses in DA were characterized by marked functional plasticity, as was evident from the increased frequency of polyfunctional CD8+ Th cells (P < 0.05), CD161+ Th cells (P < 0.05), and CD8− Th cells (P < 0.001), and positivity for tumor necrosis factor, interferon‐γ, interleukin‐17A, or granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, compared to all other groups. Significant expansion of CXCR3+CCR6+ (Th1/Th17) Tfh cells (P = 0.003) and CXCR3+CCR6+ Tph cells (P = 0.01), paralleled by a decrease in CXCR3−CCR6− (Th2) Tfh cells was observed in DA compared to T21. Treg cells were significantly reduced in DA compared to T21 (mean ± SEM 7.111 ± 0.9518 versus 11.96 ± 1.055 versus; P = 0.0028), with a specific reduction in the naive:memory Treg cell ratio. Marked synovial tissue inflammation and increased T cell and B cell infiltrations were demonstrated in DA compared to JIA.

Conclusion

DA is more common and more aggressive than JIA. It is characterized by increased polyreactive Th, Tfh, and Tph cell responses, reduced Treg cell frequency, and evidence of increased synovial inflammation, all of which are potentially distinct from JIA and T21.
Simple Aggregation‐Induced Emission‐Based Multifunctional Fluorescent Dots for Cancer Therapy In Vitro
Authors: Lin Xueran , Zhao Junhao , Huang Wei , Liu Hongxing , Feng Pengju , Yang Fang , Chen Tianfeng
Published: October 2019

Multifunctional nanoparticles were simply synthesized by mixing a TICT+AIE featured molecule (TPAPP‐CHO) with PBS solution. The fluorescent (FL) dots entered the cells via energy‐related endocytosis and were located in lysosome emitting green FL. This indicated that the nanoparticles were dissociated in the lysosome. Moreover, the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrate potent cytotoxicity against human U87 glioblastoma cells by inducing cell apoptosis via triggering intracellular ROS overproduction.
Investigating the factor structure of the child behavior checklist dysregulation profile in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Keefer Amy , Singh Vini , Kalb Luther G. , Mazefsky Carla A. , Vasa Roma A.
Published: October 2019

Dysregulation has been identified as an important risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, it is necessary to empirically characterize dysregulation and identify psychometrically sound and readily available assessment methods in the ASD population. We sought to evaluate the factor structure of the Child Behavior Checklist‐Dysregulation Profile (CBCL‐DP), an established dysregulation measure in neurotypical children that is derived from the CBCL, in a large, clinically referred sample of children, ages 6–18 years, with ASD (n = 727). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to characterize dysregulation and assess the validity of the CBCL‐DP in children with ASD. Our findings support a bi‐factor model of dysregulation in which dysregulation is a broad and distinct syndrome that is associated with the three subdomains of the CBCL‐DP, anxiety/depression (AD), attention problems (AP), and aggressive behavior (AGG). Dysregulation was associated with most items in the AD and AGG domains and few items in the AP domain. This association with AD and AGG indicates that dysregulation in ASD may be conceptualized as the combined experience of internalized, negative mood states and externalized, reactive behaviors. These findings provide support as well as important caveats for the use of the CBCL‐DP as a measure of dysregulation in the ASD population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 436–443. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Dysregulation is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders in ASD. This study examined if the CBCL‐DP, an established measure of dysregulation in neurotypical children, can be used to assess dysregulation in children with ASD. Findings provide evidence that in ASD, dysregulation is a broad construct that exists alongside anxiety/depression, attention problems, and aggression. These findings indicate that the CBCL‐DP can be considered a valid measure of dysregulation in the ASD population and could be used in clinical settings.
Effective connectivity in autism
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. , Zhou Yunyi , Cheng Wei , Gilson Matthieu , Deco Gustavo , Feng Jianfeng
Published: October 2019

The aim was to go beyond functional connectivity, by measuring in the first large‐scale study differences in effective, that is directed, connectivity between brain areas in autism compared to controls. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) data set in 394 people with autism spectrum disorder and 473 controls, and effective connectivity (EC) was measured between 94 brain areas. First, in autism, the middle temporal gyrus and other temporal areas had lower effective connectivities to the precuneus and cuneus, and these were correlated with the Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule total, communication, and social scores. This lower EC from areas implicated in face expression analysis and theory of mind to the precuneus and cuneus implicated in the sense of self may relate to the poor understanding of the implications of face expression inputs for oneself in autism, and to the reduced theory of mind. Second, the hippocampus and amygdala had higher EC to the middle temporal gyrus in autism, and these are thought to be back projections based on anatomical evidence and are weaker than in the other direction. This may be related to increased retrieval of recent and emotional memories in autism. Third, some prefrontal cortex areas had higher EC with each other and with the precuneus and cuneus. Fourth, there was decreased EC from the temporal pole to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and there was evidence for lower activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a brain area implicated in emotion‐related decision‐making. Autism Res 2020, 13: 32–44. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

To understand autism spectrum disorders better, it may be helpful to understand whether brain systems cause effects on each other differently in people with autism. In this first large‐scale neuroimaging investigation of effective connectivity in people with autism, it is shown that parts of the temporal lobe involved in facial expression identification and theory of mind have weaker effects on the precuneus and cuneus implicated in the sense of self. This may relate to the poor understanding of the implications of face expression inputs for oneself in autism, and to the reduced theory of mind.
Assessing the Ion Transport Properties of Highly Concentrated Non‐Flammable Electrolytes in a Commercial Li‐Ion Battery Cell
Authors: Sälzer Fabian , Pateras Pescara Lars , Franke Felix , Müller Clemens , Winkler Jacqueline , Schwalm Michael , Roling Bernhard
Published: October 2019

In order to assess the ion transport properties of alternative non‐flammable electrolytes in a typical commercial Li‐ion battery cell, we have measured the ionic conductivity
and the lithium‐ion transference number under anion‐blocking conditions,
, for two classes of highly concentrated battery electrolytes: (i) Mixtures of the ionic liquid N‐methyl‐N‐propyl‐pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Pyr13FSI) with different amounts of the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), and (ii) a solvate ionic liquid consisting of an equimolar mixture of tetraglyme (G4) and LiFSI. Together with previously published data on the solvate ionic liquid G4/LiTFSI (1 : 1), the obtained Li+ ion transport data was used to estimate the overall resistance and the resulting maximum cycling rate of a commercial 10 Ah Li‐ion pouch cell containing these alternative electrolytes. Our results suggest that Pyr13FSI/LiFSI mixtures would allow for maximum charging/discharging rates close to 1 C, while the solvate ionic liquids would only support maximum rates of about 0.3 C.
Signatures of Through‐Space Charge Transfer in Two‐Photon Absorption of Paracyclophane Derivatives
Authors: Salimi Abbas , Cho Daeheum , Lee Jin Yong , Kang Sunwoo , Mukamel Shaul
Published: October 2019

Third order polarizability, (γ) taken from the collective electronic oscillator (CEO) method was used to calculate the two‐photon absorption (TPA) of tetrastyryl‐[2,2]paracyclophane derivatives with different through‐space charge transfer configurations considering various donor and acceptor combinations at the terminal styryl groups. For the virtually same linear absorption, different TPA spectra were obtained. For controlling and fine‐tuning frequency and cross‐sections of TPA the through‐space charge transfer interactions can be used. The results are explained by the electronic density matrices corresponding to governing oscillators in one‐ and two‐photon absorption and the ground state. It is indicated that for the studied systems mainly the lowest four oscillators are responsible for the TPA cross‐sections rather than a simple effective three‐state model.
Noble Metal‐free Bimetallic Cobalt/Manganese Oxide Catalyst for Hydrogen Generation by Decomposition of Hydrous Hydrazine
Authors: Kim Youngyong , Kwon Ki‐Young
Published: October 2019

Bimetallic cobalt and manganese oxide (Co/MnO) is prepared by annealing the spinel structure of CoMn2O4 under hydrogen environment. This noble metal‐free catalyst is applied for hydrogen generation from aqueous hydrazine solution. X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the phase separation of metallic cobalt and manganese monoxide from CoMn2O4 occurs during annealing process. Co/MnO exhibits catalytic activity with the TOF value of 14.2 h−1 and 100% selectivity without generation of ammonia at 343 K. It is found that metallic cobalt plays role on the active site for hydrogen generation.
Accurate Measurement of Total Arsenic in Rice and Oyster by Considering Arsenic Species
Authors: Lee Won Bae , Lee Seon Hwa , Lee Yonghoon , Nam Sang Ho
Published: October 2019

Toxicity due to arsenic (As) in food has been mostly assessed by the determination of total As amount. Although the toxicity depends on the chemical forms, the sample can be determined to be safe if the total As concentration is less than the maximum allowable amounts of the toxic arsenic compounds. In this work, the accuracy of total As analysis for rice and oyster samples was significantly influenced by the matrix effect and the chemical forms. The matrix effect could be effectively corrected by employing the appropriate internal standard, tellurium. The As species such as As(V), As(III), monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, and arsenobetaine showed significantly different sensitivities in the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis for rice and oyster samples. This indicates that the total As determined without any information of the chemical species and matching sensitivities of samples and standards may be inaccurate.
Effects of different doses of erythropoietin in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Balleari Enrico , Filiberti Rosa Angela , Salvetti Chiara , Allione Bernardino , Angelucci Emanuele , Bruzzone Marco , Calzamiglia Tullio , Cavaliere Marina , Cavalleri Maurizio , Cilloni Daniela , Clavio Marino , Crisà Elena , Da Col Anna , Danise Paolo , Pilo Federica , Ferrero Dario , Finelli Carlo , Gioia Daniela , Lemoli Roberto Massimo , Masiera Elisa , Messa Emanuela , Miglino Maurizio , Musto Pellegrino , Natalie Oliva Esther , Poloni Antonella , Salvi Flavia , Sanna Alessandro , Scudeletti Marco , Tassara Rodolfo , Santini Valeria
Published: October 2019

Background

Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents effectively improve the hemoglobin levels in a fraction of anemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Higher doses (HD) of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) have been proposed to overcome suboptimal response rates observed in MDS patients treated with lower “standard doses” (SD) of rhEPO. However, a direct comparison between the different doses of rhEPO is lacking.

Methods

A cohort of 104 MDS patients treated with HD was retrospectively compared to 208 patients treated with SD in a propensity score‐matched analysis to evaluate hematological improvement‐erythroid (HI‐E) rate induced by the different doses of rhEPO. The impact of rhEPO doses on survival and progression to leukemia was also investigated.

Results

Overall HI‐E rate was 52.6%. No difference was observed between different rhEPO doses (P = .28) in matched cohorts; in a subgroup analysis, transfusion‐dependent patients and patients with higher IPSS‐R score obtained a higher HI‐E rate with HD, although without significant impact on overall survival (OS). Achievement of HI‐E resulted in superior OS. At univariate analysis, a higher HI‐E rate was observed in transfusion‐independent patients (P < .001), with a lower IPSS‐R score (P < .001) and lower serum EPO levels (P = .027). Multivariate analysis confirmed that rhEPO doses were not significantly related to HI‐E (P = .26). There was no significant difference in OS or progression to leukemia in patients treated with HD vs SD.

Conclusion

SD are substantially equally effective to HD to improve anemia and influencing survival in MDS patients stratified according to similar propensity to be exposed to rhEPO treatment.
Electrodeposited Binder‐Free Antimony−Iron−Phosphorous Composites as Advanced Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Rong Wen‐Qian , You Jin‐Hai , Zheng Xiao‐Mei , Tu Guo‐Ping , Tao Shan , Zhang Peng‐Yue , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Li Jun‐Tao
Published: October 2019

The limited availability and rising cost of lithium have motivated research into sodium as an alternative ion for rechargeable batteries. However, anode development for such sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) has advanced slowly. Herein, novel binder‐free ternary Sb−Fe−P composites were synthesized through a controllable electrodeposition method and were examined as prospective anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The Sb47Fe39P14 electrode exhibited a high desodiation capacity of 431.4 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 with a capacity retention of 97.8% during the 200th cycle. Further, this anode delivered a high rate capacity (245.8 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1). The promising Na‐ion storage, cycle and rate performance of the Sb47Fe39P14 electrode are mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of its microstructure and active/inactive metal matrix. A kinetics investigation revealed that the rate capability of the Sb47Fe39P14 electrode can be attributed to the combination of primary pseudocapacitive and secondary solid‐state diffusion contributions. The results of this study should enable the development of a controllable, scalable electrodeposition strategy and help explore other metallic composites with excellent lifespans and high rate capabilities for practical SIB applications.
Large‐Scale Experiments on the Formation of Surface Vortices with and without Vortex Suppression
Authors: Szeliga Nicolai , Helmrich von Elgott Lando , Bezecny Daniel , Richter Steffen , Hoffmann Marko , Schlüter Michael
Published: October 2019

Experiments were carried out in a 50‐m3 cylindrical tank to determine the influence of strong momentum on the formation of large‐scale gas‐core vortices. Gas‐core lengths were measured for varying volume flow rates and submergence depths. The critical Froude numbers were also determined and the efficiency of different vortex suppressors on the gas‐core formation was investigated. The horizontal velocity field inside the vortex core region was additionally recorded using particle image velocimetry. The experimental results were used to verify numerical simulations and compared to vortex models and correlations from literature.
Deep neural network based recursive feature learning for nonlinear dynamic process monitoring
Authors: Zhu Jiazhen , Shi Hongbo , Song Bing , Tan Shuai , Tao Yang
Published: October 2019

The data collected from modern industrial processes always have nonlinear and dynamic characteristics. The recently developed deep neural network method, stacked denoising auto‐encoder (SDAE), can extract robust nonlinear latent variables from data against noise. However, it leaves the dynamic relationship unconsidered. To solve this problem, a novel algorithm named the recursive stacked denoising auto‐encoder (RSDAE) is proposed. To learn the dynamic relationship, the RSDAE focuses on the predictability of the latent variables in the recurrence to contain the most dynamic variations. After the dynamic variations are extracted by the RSDAE, there is little autocorrelation left in the residuals. Then, the residuals can be monitored by principal component analysis (PCA). For the purpose of process monitoring, corresponding fault detection statistics are developed based on the RSDAE. Finally, a numerical case and the Tennessee Eastman process benchmark are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Theory of antiparallel microtubule overlap stabilization by motors and diffusible crosslinkers
Authors: Lera‐Ramirez Manuel , Nédélec François J.
Published: October 2019

Antiparallel microtubule bundles are essential structural elements of many cytoskeletal structures, for instance, the mitotic spindle. Sliding of microtubules relative to each other can lead to an overall elongation of the bundle. However, such sliding must be accompanied by microtubule growth, to maintain the overlap, which is a landmark of anaphase. Diffusive crosslinkers of the Ase1/PRC1/MAP65 family are able to form stable overlaps in combination with kinesin‐14 motors. This process is thought to arise through a balance of forces between motors and crosslinkers, the latter effectively producing an entropic pressure. We provide a continuous theory to explain the formation of stable overlaps, in which steric effects caused by the finite number of binding sites available on the microtubule lattice play a leading role. We confirmed the validity of this approach using discrete stochastic simulations performed with the Open Source simulation engine Cytosim. From the densities of motors and crosslinkers, their diffusion rates, and the velocities of motors, the theory predicts the sliding speed of microtubules and explains the force production and breaking effect of crosslinkers and motors containing diffusible microtubule‐binding domains. Finally, we discuss a mechanism by which sliding and microtubule growth can be coordinated without the need for fine‐tuning the parameters of the system, in line with the known robustness of mitosis.
Novel Hydrophilic Riminophenazines as Potent Antiprotozoal Agents
Authors: Bassanini Ivan , Parapini Silvia , Basilico Nicoletta , Sparatore Anna
Published: October 2019

SAR studies on a set of novel hydrophilic C‐2 aminopyridinyl riminophenazines bearing variously functionalized basic side chains at C‐3 were conducted. The novel compounds were evaluated for in vitro activity against two different species of Leishmania promastigotes, intramacrophage Leishmania amastigotes, chloroquine‐sensitive and chloroquine‐resistant strains of P. falciparum, and also against mature‐stage P. falciparum gametocytes. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated as well on BMDM cell lines. Most of the new compounds potently inhibited the growth of both genera of protozoa with IC50 values in the high nanomolar range and good selectivities versus mammalian cells. Besides their potent activity against asexual intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, three compounds showed potential as transmission‐blocking agents. The key role of the hydrophilic C‐2 aminopyridinyl substituent to improve the leishmanicidal activity and the influence of the length and the nature of the basic side chain on the antiprotozoal activity and cytotoxicity were underlined.
Direct‐to‐member mailed colorectal cancer screening outreach for Medicaid and Medicare enrollees: Implementation and effectiveness outcomes from the BeneFIT study
Authors: Coronado Gloria D. , Green Beverly B. , West Imara I. , Schwartz Malaika R. , Coury Jennifer K. , Vollmer William M. , Shapiro Jean A. , Petrik Amanda F. , Baldwin Laura‐Mae
Published: October 2019

Background

Colorectal cancer screening uptake is low, particularly among individuals enrolled in Medicaid. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the effectiveness of direct‐to‐member outreach by Medicaid health insurance plans to raise colorectal cancer screening use, nor how best to deliver such outreach.

Methods

BeneFIT is a hybrid implementation‐effectiveness study of 2 program models that health plans developed for a mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) intervention. The programs differed with regard to whether they used a centralized approach (Health Plan Washington) or collaborated with health centers (Health Plan Oregon). The primary implementation outcome of the current study was the percentage of eligible enrollees to whom the plans delivered each intervention component. The primary effectiveness outcome was the rate of FIT completion within 6 months of mailing of the introductory letter.

Results

The health plans identified 12,000 eligible enrollees (8551 in Health Plan Washington and 3449 in Health Plan Oregon). Health Plan Washington mailed an introductory letter and FIT kit to 8551 enrollees (100%) and delivered a reminder call to 839 (10.3% of the 8132 attempted). Health Plan Oregon mailed an introductory letter, and a letter and FIT kit plus a reminder postcard to 2812 enrollees (81.5%) and 2650 enrollees (76.8%), respectively. FIT completion rates were 18.2% (1557 of 8551 enrollees) in Health Plan Washington. In Health Plan Oregon, completion rates were 17.4% (488 of 2812 enrollees) among enrollees who were mailed an introductory letter and 18.3% (484 of 2650 enrollees) among enrollees who also were mailed a FIT kit plus reminder postcard.

Conclusions

The implementation of mailed FIT outreach by health plans may be effective and could reach many individuals at risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Validation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale‐Military version‐Short Form
Authors: Currier Joseph M. , Isaak Steven L. , McDermott Ryon C.
Published: October 2019

Military personnel may encounter morally injurious events that lead to emotional, social, and spiritual suffering that transcend and/or overlap with mental health diagnoses (e.g., post‐traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]). Advancement of scientific research and potential clinical innovation for moral injury (MI) requires a diversity of measurement approaches. Drawing on results from the bifactor model in Currier et al.'s (2017) psychometric evaluation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale‐Military version (EMIS‐M), this study validated a four‐item short form of the instrument with two samples of veterans with a history of war‐zone service. Namely, despite the reduced number of items, the EMIS‐M‐Short Form (SF) yielded favourable internal consistency and comparable levels of convergent validity with theoretically related constructs (e.g., PTSD and struggles with morality and ultimate meaning) as the full‐length version. Notwithstanding the possible utility of distinguishing between self‐ and other‐directed forms of MI, factor analytic results further revealed that the EMIS‐M‐SF was best conceptualized with a unidimensional factorial model that might allow for a general assessment of MI‐related outcomes. Overall, these initial results suggest that the EMIS‐M‐SF may hold promise as a short, reliable, and valid assessment of overall outcomes related to a possible MI.
Compact low‐cost high‐voltage pulse generator for biological applications
Authors: Achour Yahia , Starzyński Jacek , Kasprzycka Wiktoria , Trafny Elżbieta Anna
Published: October 2019

In order to test the electroporation applied to mammalian cells (DU‐145 human prostate cancer cell line), treated with short (30 ns) intense electric pulses, a new architecture of a pulse generator is proposed. It provides a quasi‐rectangular output with nanosecond rise time and fully controlled repetition rate, which allows the control of the electric field dose applied to the cells. The system consists of a pulse generator with a high voltage gain and power efficiency, but it outputs exponential pulses. To improve that side, a pulse forming line (PFL) is used to get the final rectangular pulse. The whole device is designed using a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) technology. That reduces the cost and increases the compactness of the generator. The output is connected to a special electroporation cuvette filled with special liquid. The impedance of such load is not well known, that is why some preliminary tests were carried out to identify the load of the generator. A number of simulations allowed to validate the design and to find out the influence of different parameters on its characteristics. Finally, a compact 4‐kV generator was built and tested. The results are discussed and compared with those obtained from simulations.
Rapid jamming detection approach based on fuzzy in WSN
Authors: Kanagasabapathy Pradeep Mohan Kumar , Kedalu Poornachary Vijayakumar , Murugan Saravanan , Natesan Arivazhagan , Ponnusamy Vijayakumar
Published: October 2019

It is necessary for securing wireless sensor networks from jamming, since these networks are easily attacked by jammers. Jamming may be made by either external jammer node or internal node, which may become as an adversary in future. In this paper, two approaches are proposed in the cluster‐based sensor network to detect the maliciousness level of nodes to secure sensor networks from jamming attacks. First approach detects maliciousness level of nodes using two modules, namely, certification module and monitoring module. Certification module defends the network from the jammers. Monitoring module discovers the sensor nodes that are jammed by a jammer. Second approach uses fuzzy logic for optimizing the jamming metrics to determine the occurrence of jamming accurately. The proposed system achieves 99.58% detection ratio to determine node's maliciousness level.