bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malignant renal tumors in children
Authors: Lee Justin Scott , Sanchez Thomas Ray , Wootton-Gorges Sandra
Published: May 2015

Renal malignancies are common in children. While the majority of malignant renal masses are secondary to Wilms tumor, it can be challenging to distinguish from more aggressive renal masses. For suspicious renal lesions, it is crucial to ensure prompt diagnosis in order to select the appropriate surgical procedure and treatment. This review article will discuss the common differential diagnosis that can be encountered when evaluating a suspicious renal mass in the pediatric population. This includes clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, malignant rhabdoid tumor, renal medullary carcinoma and lymphoma. Copyright: The Authors.
Adjuvant Transarterial Chemoembolization Following Liver Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Based on Survival Risk Stratification
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Qing , Lei Zhengqing , Wu Dong , Si Anfeng , Wang Kui , Wan Xuying , Wang Yizhou , Yan Zhenlin , Xia Yong , Lau Wan Yee , Wu Mengchao , Shen Feng
Published: May 2015

Background.

The effectiveness of adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after hepatectomy remains unclear. This study was performed to identify ICC patients who would benefit from adjuvant TACE.

Patients and Methods.

The study included 553 patients who underwent hepatectomy for ICC between January 2008 and February 2011 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and who were treated with or without TACE (122 with TACE and 431 without TACE). Survival risk stratification was performed using the established prognostic nomogram (ICC nomogram). The predictive performance was evaluated by concordance index and calibration. The tumor recurrence and overall survival (OS) rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method before and after propensity score matching (PSM).

Results.

The predictive performance of the ICC nomogram was demonstrated by the well-fitted calibration curves and an optimal c-index of 0.71 for OS prediction. In the whole cohort, the 5-year recurrence and OS rates between the TACE and non-TACE groups were significantly different (5-year recurrence: 72.9% vs. 78.1%; OS: 38.4% vs. 29.7%). After 1:1 PSM, the TACE and non-TACE groups (122 patients each) had similar 5-year recurrence and OS rates (5-year recurrence: 72.9% vs. 74.2%; OS: 38.4% vs. 36.0%). By survival risk stratification based on ICC nomogram, only the patients in the lowest tertile (nomogram scores ≥77) benefited from adjuvant TACE (TACE vs. non-TACE groups: 90.4% vs. 95.9% for 5-year recurrence; 21.3% vs. 6.2% for 5-year OS).

Conclusion.

Adjuvant TACE following liver resection might be suitable for ICC patients with high ICC nomogram scores (≥77).

Implications for Practice:

The accurate predictive performance of the established prognostic nomogram for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) following liver resection was reconfirmed in an independent cohort with 553 patients. Based on the survival risk stratification using the nomogram, adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization following liver resection might be suitable only for ICC patients with high scores from the nomogram.
“How Long Do I Have?”—Story of a Myeloma Patient
Authors: Dhillon Wishwdeep S.
Published: May 2015

Despite uncertainty about a patient's decision to forgo transplantation for multiple myeloma, the choice raised appreciation of the questions that come up in the life of an oncologist: How do you define the “best” treatment? What should drive cancer care, the years in a patient's life or the life in those years? Did the physician treat the patient, or did the patient teach the physician?
Aspectos da difusão lexical
Authors: Oliveira Marco Antônio
Published: May 2015

ln this text we discuss the rôle of the phonetic context in sound changes. Our position is that the phonetic context will act only a posteriori, as a possible stabilizer of innovations, and not a priori, as a trigger of sound changes. This being the case we argue that we can deal with phonetic effects even in a diffusionist approach to sound changes. Finally, we suggest that this approach leads to a considerable reduction of the scope of variation.
A difusão lexical num fenômeno de aspiração do português
Authors: Auler Monica
Published: May 2015

The phonetic/phonological aspects involved in the pronunciation of the post-vocalic s have already been analysed in several works conceming different dialects of Brazilian Portuguese. This paper presents a study of some lexical factors involved in the aspiration of the post-vocalic s in the dialect of Rio de Janeiro as an alternative approach to the phenomenon. It  also reinforces the applicability of the Lexical Diffusion madel to Portuguese.
Aférese e prótese: verso e reverso fonológico
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos Alexandre
Published: May 2015

By taking the phenomena of dropping (aphaeresis) and addition (prosthesis) of inicial/al as the chiefpoint in a diffusionist inquiry, this article intends to discuss two main points. First, we analyse the most relevant characteristics or the phenomena in question as well as the typology of the initial segments we have found out. Our purpose is to present a morphological salience scale as the chief refraining agent of change. Secondly, we analyse the results ofthe tested lexical parameters and assume the hypothesis of the Inverse Proportionateness of the phenomena which, like a play on equivalences in a mirror, spread simetrically through the lexicon.
A variação das vogais médias pretônicas no português de Brasília: um fenômeno neogramático ou de difusão lexical?
Authors: Bortoni Stela , Gomes Christina , Malvar Elisabete
Published: May 2015

This study addresses a controversial issue of the implementation of the raising role oflhe pretonic vowels/el and/ol in Brazilian Portuguese. The phenomenon has been traditionally regarded as a case of vowel harmony. A strong influence ofanalogical processes affecting derived words has also been pointed out. More recent studies have suggested however lhat the role is lexically implemented. The data for lhe present study come from the contemporary Portuguese spoken by informants from Brasília, and from Ola Portuguese and lhe Galician. The quantitative analysis of lhe synchronic data has partially confirmed the two conditioning hypotheses that are couched within lhe Neogrammarian view of lhe phenomenon. The alphabetical ordering of lhe tokens however has revealed a residue of words in which lhe variation can only be taken into account by the Lexical Diffusion model of role implementation. The qualitative analysis oflhe diachronic data has accordingly shown that in lhe process of evolution from Latin into Modem Portuguese words with pretonic leI and/o! have followed two' different tracks lhat can neither be explained by phonological conditioning nor by analogy: in some groups of words lhe pretonic vowel evolved into a categorical high or a categorical mid vowel, whereas in olher groups the realization of the pretonic vowels has never become categorical.
Percepções sobre a sala de aula de língua estrangeira: uma visão global e êmica
Authors: Mattos Andréa Machado de Almeida
Published: May 2015

This paper reports on a study of a pre-service English teacher andher perceptions about her own classroom. The research designwas based on theoretical and empirical studies about classroomresearch and about the FL teacher, adopting an interpretivist andemic perspective. The main objective of the research was to searchfor a global understanding of how the FL teacher interprets theevents in the classroom, using retrospective interviews as the maindata collection instrument. The content of these interviews wascategorized, leading to the expansion of Richards’ (1998) reflectivecategories. The results of analysis led to a global view of theinformant’s perceptions of her classroom.“Language teaching and language teacher educationhave long been an ‘unstudied problem’ ...”(FREEMAN, 1996b, p. 374)
A origem intelectual das orações em tupi de André Thevet e Yves d’Evreux (séculos XVI-XVII): algumas hipóteses
Authors: Barros Maria Cândida Drumond Mendes
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study is to identify the intellectual origins of theprayers in Tupi, published by the French clerics André Thevel andYves d’Evreux in the XVI and XVII centuries.
Lingüística textual: para novas margens?
Authors: Beaugrande Robert de
Published: May 2015

In retrospect, perhaps the deepest issue in the evolution of textlinguistics was whether the concept of the ‘text’ would be adaptedand restricted to fit the conventional linguistics of the sentence, orwhether it would lead to a novel conception of linguistics itself.The second alternative has evidently won out through theestablishment of the text as a communicative event rather thanmerely a linguistic unit. A fundamental shift of perspective hasensued from formalism toward functionalism, raising the prospectof redesignating the field as a ‘text science’ that restores languageand text to the broader contexts of communication both withinscience and about science.
Truncamento e reduplicação no português brasileiro
Authors: Araújo Gabriel
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates the morphology of truncation andreduplication processes in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Truncation(also known as abbreviation) is the word formation process inwhich a word is shortened without loss any meaning. I argue thatthe BP’s truncated forms tend to be disyllabic and the secondarystress rhythm also plays a role in the process. The reduplicationinvolves copy of a piece or a complete word, promoting a newlexical item. There are several kinds of reduplication (cf. COUTO,1999), for the moment I will focus only on the total reduplicationverbi-verbi. I will show that both processes are regular andpredictable. Similarly, I will show the tendency of this wordformation to have an open final syllable and binary feet, offeringargument to the Emergence of the Unmarked Theory.
Entendendo a leitura
Authors: Coscarelli Carla Viana
Published: May 2015

Reading is usually seen as an activity without subdivisions. Withpsycholinguistics as a support, we will show in this paper thatreading can be split into many sub processes. Among them we canmention lexical processing, syntactic processing, construction oflocal coherence, construction of thematic coherence andconstruction of external coherence or integrative processing.Understanding these subdivisions of the reading process enablesus to identify the items that interfere positively or negatively in thisprocess, facilitating the reading task or making the reader’s workmore difficult. The information provided can indicate to the teacherthe abilities he should help develop in his students in order tomake them become good readers.
Branching onsets in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Silva Thais Cristófaro-
Published: May 2015

Este artigo discute o cancelamento de líquidas em encontros consonantaistautossilábicos no português brasileiro (PB). Esse fenômeno édenominado “redução de encontros consonantais tautossilábicos”. Naprimeira seção eu considero variações que ocorrem em onsets ramificadose procuro identificar motivações para a reducão de encontrosconsonantais tautossilábicos no PB. Nessa seção apresento ainda umarevisão da literatura sobre o tema e discuto a distribuição de encontrosconsonantais tautossilábicos em relação às vogais orais e nasais,ditongos e o acento tônico no PB. Na segunda seção são discutidas asconseqüências da redução de encontros consonantais tautossilábicospara a estrutura sonora do PB e eu procuro a maneira mais adequadapara abordar o fenômeno em análise. Na terceira seção eu sugiro que aredução de encontros consonantais tautossilábicos não pode ser plenamentecompreendida a não ser que a relação entre o léxico e o usodeste seja considerada. Meu objetivo é mostrar que a redução deencontros consonantais tautossilábicos pode ser mais bem analisadacomo um caso de difusão lexical. Eu sugiro que a separação de umitem lexical em duas formas distintas – como conseqüência delexicalização – é evidência para a difusão lexical. Outros casos de variaçãoe mudança sonora no PB corroboram essa proposta.
A gramática do texto, no texto
Authors: Costa Val Maria da Graça
Published: May 2015

This article focuses on grammatical teaching and it claims that adiscursive approach of grammar in classroom is possible and usefulto favor students’ linguistic abilities development. At first, it presentsan overview of theoretical discussion and practical proposes foundin academic environments and in fundamental schools; finally itshows and discusses examples of exercises and activities whichconcerns both grammatical and textual-discursive knowledge oflanguage.
Para que ensinar teoria gramatical
Authors: Travaglia Luiz Carlos
Published: May 2015

In this paper are discussed some aspects related to teachinggramatical or linguistic theory, in the study of maternal language,in brazilian Fundamental and High School. At same time we try tooffer some parameters that aid the teachear: a) to take a decisionon working or not with gramatical or linguistic theory in the activitiesof teaching / learning maternal language in Fundamental and HighSchool; b) about how to teach gramatical theory and the aims ofdoing this.
Por que ainda estudar gramática na escola
Authors: Vitral Lorenzo
Published: May 2015

This paper presents our proposal for the elaboration of a grammarhandbook of Brazilian Portuguese to be used in high schools.First, we make a historical presentation of the debate about therole of grammar in the process of learning/teaching of BrazilianPortuguese as maternal language. Secondly, we explain how ourgrammar is organized and how one can make good use of it.
Fala, escrita e gramática
Authors: Decat Maria Beatriz Nascimento
Published: May 2015

The present work attempts to bring together spoken language,written language, and grammar teaching in the context of languageteaching, in particular the teaching of Brazilian Portuguese. Amongthe topics discussed, emphasis is placed on the need to take spokenlanguage into account when it comes to language teaching. Ipropose that one should take the dynamics of speech as the startingpoint in the examination of the processes that are responsible forthe organization of languages. These processes result from thecommunicative-interactional activities in which language users arenormally engaged.
A argumentatividade em textos infantis e sua forma de ensino na escola
Authors: Santos Carmi Ferraz
Published: May 2015

Les études traditionnelles de l’argumentation soutiennent quel’émergence du discours argumentatif a lieu tardivement chez lesapprentis, c’est-à-dire vers 14-16 ans. Dans une première partie, ennous appuyant sur le concept d’ énonciation pour interpréter etcomprendre les discours produits par des enfants de 9-10 ans enmilieu scolaire, ce travail analyse certaines marques qui indiquentla capacité argumentative déjà présente dans les textes produitspar des enfants de cet âge. Dans une seconde partie, nous faisonsune discussion du rôle de l’ école dans l’enseignement du discoursargumentatif.
O inominável na experiência de linguagem de Marguerite Duras
Authors: Zanello Valeska , Martins Francisco
Published: May 2015

Heidegger, in his most radical work, “Unterwegs zur Sprache”,pointed out the role of the unnamable in the poetic performanceas possibilibity of experiencing speech. In this sense, it would bein the lack of words that the dimension of the word as restorer ofbeing and the world becomes more evident. This article aims todiscuss how the experience of the unnamable, present as existentialpain in Marguerite Duras’s writings, opens up the possibility offorming a fertile soil for the occurrence of that experience.
A Teoria Gerativa nos estudos de aquisição do português brasileiro
Authors: Perroni Maria Cecília
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper is to present some of the studies on theacquisition of Brazilian Portuguese as a first language, which havebeen published in the last few years in our country, making use ofthe generative grammar theory in their analysis of the child´s speechdata. The topics that have been analysed are the systems: D, IP, CP,and complementation/adjunction in complex sentences. Additionalresearch on the acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese as a secondlanguage is also shown. The studies briefly discussed here cancontribute to prove the relevance of the generative theory in thedevelopment of the Language Acquisition area.
Agonística: o uso agressivo do trabalho de face
Authors: Valério Kátia Modesto
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper is to describe some of the linguistic andstrategic means used for the construction of social relations by theparticipants of face to face interactions. Based on the notion offacework introduced by GOFFMAN (1967), we have analyzed theinteractional moves of 12 members of a social subgroup in aBrazilian speech community when asked to express their views ona few polemical topics in individual and group interview situations.Having in mind that the blend of such interactional moves mightlead to the overriding line of conduct adopted, we have set out todescribe the interactional function of the linguistic andconversational strategies in which these moves seem to be partlyencoded. The strategies focused on here are the ones whose socialmeaning contributes to what GOFFMAN (1967) called “aggressiveuse of facework”, here referred to as Agonism.
SILVA, Maria da Conceição Fonseca. Questões de linguagem: gramática, texto e discurso. Vitória da Conquista: UESB, 2001. 116p.
Authors: Silva Elisângela Gonçalves da
Published: May 2015

RESENHASILVA,Maria da Conceição Fonseca.Questões de linguagem: gramática,texto e discurso. Vitória da Conquista:UESB, 2001. 116p.
Gêneros textuais, tipos de discursos e operações psicolingüísticas
Authors: Bronckart Jean- Paul
Published: May 2015

L’article de Jean-Paul Bronckart est centré sur le problèmecontroversé du classement des textes en le situant dans le cadre dela psychologie du langage et dans le cadre théorique del’interactionisme social. La multiplicité et l’hétérogénéité des critèresde classement et de nomenclature ont abouti à des classementshomogènes, intermédiaires et hétérogènes. L’auteur part deconsidérations intermédiaires sur la notion de genre et sur lesproblèmes de classement et présente, sous une forme résumée,quatre thèses lapidaires des fondements du cadre de la psychologieinteractioniste sociale. Un modèle de production textuelle estsuggéré à partir du statut psychologique des textes empiriques etdes opérations psycholinguistiques qui y sont sous-jacents. Unetypologie centrée sur quatre entités basiques relève de ce modèle,nommé “archétypes discursifs”: discours interactif, discoursthéorique, récit et narration. L’auteur tient à montrer que lacompréhension du fonctionnement des textes est essentielle, visà-vis d’une lecture qui envisage une approche pédagogique.
A inexistência de ordem V-S no português brasileiro
Authors: Nicolau Eunice
Published: May 2015

The paper examines the occurrence of post-verbal DP in inacusativesentences, which is traditionally treated as the V-S Order and stillpresented in BP. Assuming the Minimalist program (CHOMSKY,1995) and ZUBIZARRETTA (1995), this paper proposes that in BP:i) the sentences treated, in the literature, as case of V-S Order areconstructed based on a Numeration containing [-accusative] verband an element specified by the [+F] trace, from which results anApresentative structure; ii) in BP the [-accusative] DP generated inthe inner position of V and specified with [+F] feature stays in thatposition, where it receives the main stress of the sentence so that itis a Nominative Object; iii) the inacusative sentences, which aretraditionally regarded as having the V-S Order, leave the SVOstructure. Therefore there is no possibity of treating them as theV-S Order in BP.
Relações semânticas: predicação e papéis temáticos
Authors: Franchi Carlos , Cançado Márcia
Published: May 2015

Relações semânticas:predicação e papéis temáticos
Teoria da adjunção: predicação e relações “temáticas”
Authors: Franchi Carlos
Published: May 2015

Nesta versão limito-me aqui a aspectos introdutórios eprincipais justificações empíricas (deixando de reproduziros itens sobre adjetivos, advérbios, preposições e gerúndio).Para facilitar a comunicação, evito entrar desde logo natecnicália da lógica combinatória e da gramática categorial1em que desenvolvo minha pesquisa. Isto oculta muitosaspectos do modelo teórico, mas facilita nosso diálogo.
Predicação
Authors: Franchi Carlos
Published: May 2015

APredicaçãoCarlos FranchiUnicamp/Uspnoção de predicação é central na teoria lingüística desde asprimeiras reflexões sobre a linguagem. Entretanto, têm-seusado as noções de predicação, predicável, predicado (eseus correlatos argumento, sujeito) sob condições definitórias e emcontextos teóricos tão distintos, que não se está livre de inextricáveisembaraços e confusões mesmo entre lingüistas e filósofos dosmelhores.1 Reitero que a noção de Predicação a definir me interessacomo conceito do componente semântico de uma teoria gramatical.Convém, pois, explicitar com a maior precisão possível o sentido emque a devo empregar e qual o seu suporte intuitivo.Neste capítulo, depois de uma rápida revisão de algumasconcepções de predicação (em 1), pretendo examinar (em 2) a querelações sintáticas a relação de predicação se estende como correlatosemântico, para formular, em seus traços mais gerais, uma noçãolingüística de Predicação em (3). Cuido de caracterizá-la semanticamente,como relativa às representações (ao sentido) que medeiama interpretação das expressões das línguas naturais e, grosso modo,as associam a indivíduos, propriedades, estados e eventos nouniverso do discurso.
Anotações de Carlos Franchi: relações semânticas, predicação e papéis temáticos
Authors: Cançado Márcia
Published: May 2015

Apresentação volume 11-numero 2
A metáfora na área econômica
Authors: Souza Ana Cláudia de
Published: May 2015

This study analyses the simple and compound metaphorical lexicalunits that constitute the keyword list of the economic news genre.The analysed texts are taken from the newspaper Folha de SãoPaulo, and are part of the corpus compiled by NILC – NúcleoInterinstitucional de Lingüística Computacional. The completecorpus is constituted by prose texts from several social domains,among which the journalistic one. Although news is considered asan informational speech genre in which the referential function oflanguage predominates, the use of metaphorical expressions isfound in this kind of text. The theoretical background, consideringspeech genre in the light of Bakhtin’s theory, and concepts ofnews and metaphor, is presented in the first section of the paper.Then, the methodological criteria are described, and the set ofdata is presented and discussed.
A mudança da ordem dos constituintes adjetivo e substantivo na língua catalã: uma análise diacrônica
Authors: Lima Bruno Fernandes Zenóbio de
Published: May 2015

In face of the quantitative analysis of sintagma nominal (SN) of theCatalan language, giving relevance to the relations between theconstituents, adjective and substantive, and, through a corpuscomposed of texts dated from the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 20thcenturies, I noted the change of word order of the constituents A(adjective) and N (substantive), to AN > NA. In other words, theold order, the anteposition of A to N, gives place to a more recentform, the posposition of A in relation to N. I verified that certaininherent semantic features act as determinative factors of the orderof these constituents, the adjectives and substantives.
Aquisição lingüística em contexto de input variável: a emergência das variantes de dativo
Authors: Gomes Christina Abreu
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a preliminary study of the emergence ofstructured variation in first language acquisition. We studied thespeech of 5 children aged 2:6 to 5 from the city of Rio de Janeiro.Our aim was to understand how children cope with variable inputin the acquisition of dative alternation in Brazilian Portuguese. Weassume that children’s variability is in part structured and is linkedto variability in adult speech. The results reveal that not all theavailable variants in the speech community are used in children’sperformance and that they tend to use the most frequent ones.
Primeiros experimentos com dados articulatórios e sua relação com a segmentação acústica
Authors: Yared Glauco F. G. , Gonçalves Jaqueline V. , Barbosa Plínio A. , Meloni Luís G. P.
Published: May 2015

The main purpose of this work is to analyse the projections ofmaximum and minimum points of two articulatory trajectories duringspeech production over the acoustic signal, namely, the mouthaperture and the jaw opening. In order to do so, we have chosena native French speaker who repeated 5 times the followingsentence: “C’est pas ububuz, c’est pas ybybyz, c’est pas iziziz, c’estpas azhazhaz”. It seems reasonable from the analyses shown toestablish a correspondence between articulatory and acoustic events,which happens to be useful to help determine acoustic boundaries.The articulatory boundaries coincide with the middle of the vowelsand the mouth aperture seems to be a more consistent parameterthan jaw opening for establishing these regularities.
A morfologia prosódica e o comportamento transderivacional da hipocorização no português brasileiro
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos Alexandre
Published: May 2015

In this paper, I analyse Brazilian Portuguese Hypocorization, inlight of the Prosodic Morphology model proposed by McCarthy &Prince (1990 and 1993). Agglutinative approaches refer to thisphenomenon as idiosyncratic, unpredictible and awkward,considering that the process deletes sound sequences ofanthroponims. Based on Prosodic Morphology, I argue against thishypothesis, showing that the process is highly regular if we consider(i) prosodic primitives and (ii) aspects of the phonology-morphologyinterface in Portuguese. By analyzing the phenomenon as a nonconcatenativeone, I claim that Hypocorization does not deletesound sequences of the base. Instead it is characterized by melodicsegment mapping of the first name onto a definite prosodic template.
Análise comparada de três padrões prosódicos em francês e em português europeu
Authors: Moutinho Lurdes de Castro , Zerling Jean- Pierre
Published: May 2015

Notre objectif est d’effectuer une comparaison entre trois types destructures prosodiques (déclarative, impérative et interrogative)réalisées dans deux langues romanes de type accentuel différent: lefrançais (accent rythmique) et le portugais européen (accent lexical).Pour chaque langue, le corpus est constitué d’une phrase lexicalementambiguë prononcée par un locuteur masculin natif. Les phrases dansles deux langues ont une structure globale très voisine, afin de favoriserleur comparaison. Les paramètres retenus pour l’analyse sont lafréquence fondamentale Fo, la durée et l’intensité des voyelles. Lacomparaison porte d’une part sur les différences entre les troisstructures prosodiques pour une même langue, puis sur les différencesinter-langues pour un même patron prosodique.Les conclusions montrent, au-delà des particularités individuellespropres aux locuteurs, et malgré la nature accentuelle différente desdeux langues, que les stratégies prosodiques utilisées sont en fait trèsvoisines pour la déclarative et l’impérative. En revanche, l’interrogativesemble réalisée de manière très différente par les deux locuteurs,tous en présentant néanmoins certains points communs.
Intensidade e duração de formas reduzidas no português brasileiro
Authors: Ciríaco Larissa Santos , Vitral Lorenzo Teixeira , Reis Cesar
Published: May 2015

In Brazilian Portuguese reduction occurs in some pronouns, for instance,  cê (from você); el and ez (from the pronouns ele and eles);num  (from não) and others that have been analyzed as becoming clitics (VITRAL & RAMOS, 2002). In order to prove this hypothesis,we collected a corpus with almost 500 utterances containing the reduced forms above. The reduced forms were acoustically analyzed considering the  intensity and duration parameters and then compared with those parameters of real clitics. This paper presents the research results and the conclusions we have achieved in this work.
Reorganização prosódica na disartria
Authors: Iliovitz Erica Reviglio
Published: May 2015

According to Felizatti (1998), dysarthria is a disorder in motor production that affects patterns of movement, coordination and strenght of articulatory organs. It can be caused by brain damage and it is usually characterized by slow speech. The analysis of some prosodic aspects of almost unintelligible dysarthric patients’speech indicates that the strange reaction their speech causes in their listeners is mainly due to the prosodic strategies they use (consciouslly or not) to improve their oral language intelligibility.In other words, despite the fact that dysarthric patients’s brain lesions cause articulatory difficulties, they are able to compensate them through prosody.
A influência da natureza fonética do fonema inicial da palavra na medida de tempo de reação em tarefas de leitura em voz alta
Authors: Pinheiro Ângela Maria Vieira , Reis César
Published: May 2015

Experiments of reading aloud isolated words, in which the reactiontime (RT) is measured based on the time between the appearanceof the stimulus on the computer screen and the beginning of theemission of its pronunciation by the subject, were used test thehypothesis that the phonetic nature of the initial phonemes of thewords affects the measurement of the RT, since for words beginningwith stop consonants, for example, the sound itself contains an average silence lasting 100ms. If the phonetic nature of the firstsound influences the measurement of the RT, this means that intasks of reading aloud, this phenomenon should be described andcontrolled. Thus, a list of 58 words varying in the phonetic natureof their first sound – vowel, stop (voiced and unvoiced), fricative(voiced and unvoiced), nasal and lateral – were presented tochildren from 1st to 4th grades and to adult readers, with their reactiontimes recorded. The first results do not confirm the hypothesis thatthe silence of the stop sound is affecting the RT, since no significantdifference was found between the average RT between the stopsand fricatives. The shortest RTs were recorded for the nasalconsonants and the vowels (o, a) for the adult group and for allthe grades (excepting the vowel a for the first grade). The longestRTs were recorded for the fricative sound R (except in the thirdgrade), and u (except in the adult group). The behavior of thesound u was distinctly curious, not following the pattern of theother vowels in the children’s reading.
Banco de dados orais: uma nova perspectiva aos estudos do português brasileiro
Authors: Cruz Regina Célia Fernandes , Bulhões Jailma do Socorro Uchôa , Fernandes Léa da Silva
Published: May 2015

This work represents an attempt to facilitate the automatic accessto the spontaneous Portuguese data for studies on experimentalphonetic area and speech synthesis, maintaining qualitative andquantitative information of the data. This corpus constitutes morethan 30 hours of recording with samples of two Portuguese spokendialects in Amazonia Region: the Amazon Portuguese (AM) and theAfro-Brazilian Portuguese (ABP). As a baseline, samples of the StandardBrazilian Portuguese (PB) were also used. The corpus inventory,the digitalization of the speech data and the phonetic segmentationusing the PRAAT software preceded the construction of the oral database.Using language HTML and other resources of computer science adocumentation of the database in a Internet site becomes possible.
O caminho para a realização de / l / e / R / intervocálicos na aquisição com atraso: a substuição por [ j ]
Authors: Magalhães José Olímpio de , Martins Maíra
Published: May 2015

The main purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the linguistic behavior in delayed acquisition by four children, aged from 4:1 to 7:4, replacing intervocalic /l/ and /R/ by [j], in order to explain the path they take to realize intervocalic /l/ and /R/. The most common strategies in producing intervocalic /l/ and /R/ by these children to reach the adult model have been observed and, out of this, a hypothesis about the taken path has been proposed: first they don’t realize intervocalic /l/ and /R/; second, they change intervocalic /l/ and /R/ by [j]; third, they realize intervocalic /l/; fourth, they replace /R/ by [l]; finally, they realize intervocalic /R/. The analysis of the results confirmed that children follow this path but not in a systematic way, because the substitution stage of [l] by /R/ is optional.
Seqüências de (sibilante + consoante) no português de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Silva Thaïs Cristófaro , Oliveira Daniela Mara Lima
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates cases of sound variation involving sequences of (sibilant + consonant) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Emphasis is given to the analysis of alveolar (sibilant + stop) sequences as in the word – festa [ÈfEsta] – and to the alveopalatal (sibilant + affricate)sequences – as in the word triste [ÈtRiStSi]. The cases of variation we will be dealing with involve the loss of the stop or the affricate where only the sibilant is manifested: festa ‘party ‘ [ÈfEsta] à [ÈfEsa]and triste ‘sad’ [ÈtRiStSi] à [ÈtRiSi]. This paper evaluates the role of phonetic properties as potential motivation for the variation:agreement of place of articulation and also agreement of voicing for the consonants in the sequence is considered. The fact that the sequences involved in the variation are related to a complex syllable pattern – that is, (coda-onset) – will also be explored. Some structural aspects which may condition the phenomena will be addressed:stress placement and the quality of the vowel which precedes the(coda-onset) sequence. It will be suggested that the lack of conditioning structural factors leads us to evaluate this case of variation within the Lexical Diffusion model (WANG, 1969). Lexical Diffusion appears to be the most appropriate approach to analyse the phenomena addressed in this paper, since it accounts for the .different behaviour of some structurally similar sequences. Finally,the paper indicates some aspects to be pursued in future research.
Fonologia prosódica e teoria da otimalidade: reflexões sobre a interface sintaxe e fonologia na formação de sintagmas fonológicos
Authors: Sandalo Filomena
Published: May 2015

This paper discusses phonological phrasing in Brazilian Portuguese.The data suggest that phonological phrasing can access a syntacticrelation such as SPEC-HEAD agreement in this language.
Retração acentual e verbos transitivos com leitura intransitiva
Authors: Santos Raquel
Published: May 2015

The focus of this paper is on the relation between syntax and prosody,by discussing the role of the empty syntactic categories in the application of the stress shift rule. The discussion about the influence of empty categories on phonological processes is not new. Usually, phonology papers argue that the access to syntax is indirect, and there is no access to phonological empty syntactic categories (cf. NESPOR;VOGEL, 1986). However, Santos (2002) argues that phonological empty syntactic categories can intervene on the rhythmic organization of utterances. She defends that pro intervene on stress shift rule, while trace is not taken into account for that rule. In order to show that,she tests utterances with stress clash between verb and adverb.In this presentation, the syntactic structures with verbs which can have a transitive or intransitive reading are tested with pro.The hypothesis is that when there is a transitive reading, the stress clash can not be solved. In the sentences where the intransitive reading is possible, there is no pro between the verb and adverb, and the stress shift rule is allowed. This prediction can be used as an evidence which favors Galves (1989) analysis that null object in Brazilian Portuguese is a pro, and not a trace.
Diminutive reduplication in government phonology
Authors: Lambert Renée
Published: May 2015

As propriedades morfológicas e fonológicas da formação diminutivapor reduplicação são estudadas em função das hipóteses deLowenstamm (1996, 1999) sobre a organização universal dossegmentos fonológicos e mais particularmente sobre a sílaba inicialdas palavras de categorias lexicais essenciais. É proposto que aposição inicial seja o lugar da reduplicação diminutiva em francês.Fatos do francês de Quebec bem como do antigo grego sãoapresentados seguidamente para apoiar a hipótese segundo a qualas palavras são representadas universalmente por uma seqüênciaestrita de consoantes e de vogais (CVCV...).
Breve estudo da estrutura silábica do português arcaico: a posição do glide
Authors: Zucarelli Fernanda Elias
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study of Medieval Portuguese vowel sequences isthe study of vowel sequences in the Cancioneiros and otherMedieval Portuguese documents. The phonological status of thesevowels is defined as hiatus or diphthongs. All data have beensubmitted to auto-segmental and metrical analyses, with particularreference to the general phonological structure of MedievalPortuguese, according to the litterature.In the metrical approach, only the vocalic element can occupy theNucleus position.In falling diphthongs, all types of glides are analysed as Codaelements. Finally, it is necessary to note that MP has a significativeamount of ambissyllabic sequences of vowels.
Traço fonológico: variação sob a perspectiva da multilinearidade
Authors: Brenner Teresinha de Moraes
Published: May 2015

The concept of natural class delineated in a geometric figure dates back to the Prague School. The idea was incorporated by multilinear phonology. Inserted on phonological different levels and plurilinear lines, dominated by specific categorial nodes, the phonological features are organized hierarchically. Particular context sallow for the occurrence of phonological processes characterizing linguistic variation.In the Portuguese language of Brazil, certain phenomena are explained by the substitution of features registered in related subgroups belonging to a broader category. Other processes allow for the substitution of elements by others in the hierarchy, relating to the degree of aperture and sonority – phonemic reinforcement orweakening. Finally, assimilation and dissimilation are illustrated and can be explained by segmental transparency or opacity. As aconsequence, the geometry of the features re-covers the linguistic variation.
Simbolismo sonoro do PB: o estudo dos ideofones
Authors: Cruz Regina Célia Fernandes , Fernandes Helane de Fátima Gomes
Published: May 2015

[Introduction] The studies about ideophones in Brazilian Portuguese (PB) reveal that in the Portuguese system the ideophones are typically formed by bilabial sounds (CRUZ, 2000a). [aim] The main aim of this study is to verify if this is a typical feature of the PB or a resource of the sound symbolic expressivity. [methodology] In this study we observed the ideophones phenomenon in three kinds of varieties of Portuguese: (i) Afro-brazilian – ABP (CRUZ, 2000a), Brazilian dialect spoken in Amazonian by the maroon community; (ii) Amazonie Portuguese – AM (TRINDADE, 1992; CRUZ, 2000a; CASSIQUE, 1995) and (iii) standard Brazilian Portuguese – PB (OLIVEIRA, 2000; BORGES, 1991). We considered other data too: a) data collected through direct observation of different conversational situations and b) the data selected from cartoons. Particularly, we will analyse two aspects: the phonetic feature of the sounds found in the ideophones and the association of the meanings established. [results] The study of the Brazilian Portuguese ideophones show us: a) a tendency to bilabiail sounds, b) a tendency to expression links to emition of the sound and c) ideophones are not dialectal features of ABP. [conclusion] The results indicate a necessity to study more the PB.
The production of English initial /s/ clusters by Portuguese and Spanish EFL speakers
Authors: Rauber Andreia Schurt , Baptista Barbara Oughton
Published: May 2015

Este estudo revisa, verifica e explica os diferentes resultados obtidos por Carlisle (1991, 1992, 1997) e Rebello (1997) sobre a produção de encontros consonantais iniciais /sC(C)/ em inglês por falantes de português e espanhol, complementando os resultados obtidos em pesquisas anteriores na área de interfonologia, já que o mesmo corpus foi usado para comparar a produção de falantes das duas línguas nativas. Os resultados revelam que a adição de uma vogal(epêntese) aos encontros consonantais iniciais é a estratégia mais utilizada para se lidar com as dificuldades relativas às estruturas silábicas mais difíceis, o que pode ser resultado da relação entre a interferência da língua materna e os universais lingüísticos. Os resultados fornecem informações relevantes ao ensino da pronúncia do inglês no Brasil e nos demais países sul-americanos.
Categorias fonéticas na aprendizagem de língua estrangeira
Authors: Baptista Barbara O.
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this paper is, through a brief revision of crosslanguageresearch on the phonetic perception and production ofnative and foreign/second languages, to propose an extension, intwo directions, to Flege’s (1995) Speech Learning Model (SLM) andto discuss the implications for Best’s (1995) Perceptual AssimilationModel (PAM) of a broader view of phonetic category. The two directionsfor an extension of the SLM are (a) to include, among the phoneticcategories to be learned/acquired, units larger than the segment,such as the syllable, onset, or coda; and (b) to incorporate the ideathat many of the segments are acquired as part of a natural classrather than in isolation. The discussion of the PAM deals with theeffect that the consideration of larger phonetic categories and naturalclasses would have on Best’s proposed patterns of assimilation.
A aquisição de encontros consonantais do inglês iniciados por /s/: estudo de caso com criança brasileira
Authors: Marco Magliane De
Published: May 2015

Language acquisition studies have pointed the first language (L1)influence on this process. In a research with adolescents and adults,Fernandes (2001) and Silveira (2002) show that, in the acquisitionprocess of English as foreign language (L2) by Brazilian Portuguesespeakers, the L1 influences the L2 syllable structure acquisition.However, concerning to children, it seems that there is less infuenceof L1 on the foreign language acquisition. Based on that, the aim ofthis paper is to analyze the word-initial /s/ clusters in English, as wellas the possibility of syllable structure transference from first languageto L2. The data is from a child that is still developing her phonologicalsystem and her age was 3:4 (years/months). She’s acquiring BrazilianPortuguese as a first language and English, as a second.
Interpretação fonológica e realização fonética durante o aprendizado de uma LE
Authors: Lyubimova Nina
Published: May 2015

In the process of learning a foreign language, the individual must master a new phonetic discourse formation and its respective reception in that language, according to the “rules” of the intermediary system of paradigmatic units which are not similar tophonemes either of the first or the second system. These special units have a mixed character that differentiates them from a free variation. They can be called diaphonemes, if we understand tha tthese units, which have a double character, become manifest inrelation to the intermediary linguistic system and show themselves to be paradigmatic units. Nevertheless, in relation to the system of language that is studied, they show themselves to be syntagmatic units, and their variations are the realizations of the phonemes of the idiom in question.
O uso de estímulos sintéticos em testes de percepção de vogais de uma língua estrangeira
Authors: Bion Ricardo Augusto Hoffman
Published: May 2015

The development of models like Flege’s Speech Learning Model and Best’s Perceptual Assimilation Model directed Interphonology research to the perception of target language contrasts. These model shave triggered the development of perception tests, often using synthesized stimuli. The present paper discusses the ways previous studies have used these stimuli in vowel perception tests, and also presents the results of a pilot test developed in Brazil. While previous tests were concerned with checking the acoustic cues used in the perception of vowel contrasts, the present paper analyzes a test that can access the categorical boundaries in the perception of English front vowels by Brazilian Portuguese speakers and native English speakers. The stimuli for this test were created with the ASLsynthesizer; innovations can be observed in the test developmentand application.
Alguns esquemas entoacionais característicos da leitura de um texto por portugueses e brasileiros
Authors: Romano António , Moutinho Lurdes de Castro
Published: May 2015

Cette étude a pour but immédiat celui de mettre en évidence quelqueséléments intonatifs particulièrement typés dans des productionslinguistiques communes du Portugais parlé au Brésil (PB) par rapportaux schémas réalisés le plus communément – dans les mêmesconditions – par des locuteurs du Portugais européen (PE).Le manque d’études dans ce domaine a été une des motivationsde cette recherche.Notre approche privilégie la recherche de configurations mélodiquesassociées à des figures expressives manifestées sur l’échelle des contours d’unité tonale et intonative avec un aperçu qui tienne encompte des variables de structuration plus globales.Notre étude est basée sur un texte lu-interprété par 6 locuteurs (3locutrices portugaises de Aveiro et 3 locuteurs brésiliens).Nos résultats montrent qu’en PB émerge assez systématiquementprofil final de modalité déclarative, présentant des caractéristiquesqui peuvent donner lieu à une sorte de cliché mélodique. Ce contour,ancré à des rapports de hauteur très systématique, se manifeste parune tonie caractérisée par une brusque monté mélodique sur lapréaccentuelle, suivie d’une diminution abrupte de hauteur qui sestabilise ensuite sur la voyelle accentuée, pour se réduire encoresur les voyelles postaccentuelles. Cette tonie est précédée souventpar une longue séquence quasi-monotone qui réalise une protonieplate assez aiguë, généralement inconnue au PE.
Os adjetivos participiais no português
Authors: Foltran Maria José , Crisóstimo Gisele
Published: May 2015

In this paper we analyse the occurrences of verbal participial formsas adjuncts within a noun phrase. We also establish constraints thatdo not allow certain monoargumental verbs to occur in thisenvironment. Differently from participles of two argument verbs,we noticed that some participles of one argument verbs cannotwork as adjectives, while others can. This is because of the type ofarguments each verb selects: since the arguments of certain oneargument verbs share the same features of internal arguments, theparticiples of these verbs can occur as adjectives, and therefore wecan classify these as unaccusative verbs. We also investigate thesemantic properties of the arguments which allow a participialform as a modifier.
Princípios básicos da teoria acústica de produção da fala
Authors: Marusso Adriana S.
Published: May 2015

This article presents the basic principles of the Acoustic Theory ofSpeech Production, also called Linear Source-filter Theory of SpeechProduction (FANT, 1960; KENT & READ, 1992; PICKETT, 1999).This description is justified since the theory is not available inPortuguese. This theory is useful in understanding articulatoryacousticrelationships. It may be applied to the analysis of a singlelanguage or in cross-linguistic studies. It also provides a foundationfor many procedures for the acoustic analysis of speech.