bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient simulation of laser ablation based on Monte Carlo light transport with dynamic optical properties model
Authors: Shimojo Yu , Sudo Kazuma , Nishimura Takahiro , Ozawa Toshiyuki , Tsuruta Daisuke , Awazu Kunio
Published: July 2023

Laser ablation is a minimally invasive therapeutic technique to denature tumors through coagulation and/or vaporization. Computational simulations of laser ablation can evaluate treatment outcomes quantitatively and provide numerical indices to determine treatment conditions, thus accelerating the technique’s clinical application. These simulations involve calculations of light transport, thermal diffusion, and the extent of thermal damage. The optical properties of tissue, which govern light transport through the tissue, vary during heating, and this affects the treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, the optical properties in conventional simulations of coagulation and vaporization remain constant. Here, we propose a laser ablation simulation based on Monte Carlo light transport with a dynamic optical properties (DOP) model. The proposed simulation is validated by performing optical properties measurements and laser irradiation experiments on porcine liver tissue. The DOP model showed the replicability of the changes in tissue optical properties during heating. Furthermore, the proposed simulation estimated coagulation areas that were comparable to experimental results at low-power irradiation settings and provided more than 2.5 times higher accuracy when calculating coagulation and vaporization areas than simulations using static optical properties at high-power irradiation settings. Our results demonstrate the proposed simulation’s applicability to coagulation and vaporization region calculations in tissue for retrospectively evaluating the treatment effects of laser ablation.
Identification of c-Met as a novel target of γ-glutamylcyclotransferase
Authors: Saito Yumiko , Taniguchi Keiko , Ii Hiromi , Horinaka Mano , Kageyama Susumu , Nakata Susumu , Ukimura Osamu , Sakai Toshiyuki
Published: July 2023

γ-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is highly expressed in multiple types of cancer tissues and its knockdown suppresses the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Although GGCT is a promising target for cancer therapy, the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects remain unclear. The knockdown of GGCT inhibited the MEK-ERK pathway, and activated the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma gene (RB) at the protein level in cancer cell lines. c-Met was down-regulated by the knockdown of GGCT in cancer cells and its overexpression attenuated the dephosphorylation of RB and cell cycle arrest induced by the knockdown of GGCT in lung cancer A549 cells. STAT3 is a transcription factor that induces c-Met expression. STAT3 phosphorylation and its nuclear expression level were decreased in GGCT-depleted A549 and prostate cancer PC3 cells. The simultaneous knockdown of AMPK and GGCT restored the down-regulated expression of c-Met, and attenuated the dephosphorylation of STAT3 and MEK-ERK-RB induced by the knockdown of GGCT in PC3 cells. An intraperitoneal injection of a GGCT inhibitor decreased c-Met protein expression in a mouse xenograft model of PC3 cells. These results suggest that the knockdown of GGCT activates the RB protein by inhibiting the STAT3-c-Met-MEK-ERK pathway via AMPK activation.
Molecular features driving condensate formation and gene expression by the BRD4-NUT fusion oncoprotein are overlapping but distinct
Authors: Kosno Martyna , Currie Simon L. , Kumar Ashwani , Xing Chao , Rosen Michael K.
Published: July 2023

Aberrant formation of biomolecular condensates has been proposed to play a role in several cancers. The oncogenic fusion protein BRD4-NUT forms condensates and drives changes in gene expression in Nut Carcinoma. Here we sought to understand the molecular elements of BRD4-NUT and its associated histone acetyltransferase (HAT), p300, that promote these activities. We determined that a minimal fragment of NUT (MIN) in fusion with BRD4 is necessary and sufficient to bind p300 and form condensates. Furthermore, a BRD4-p300 fusion protein also forms condensates and drives gene expression similarly to BRD4-NUT(MIN), suggesting the p300 fusion may mimic certain features of BRD4-NUT. The intrinsically disordered regions, transcription factor-binding domains, and HAT activity of p300 all collectively contribute to condensate formation by BRD4-p300, suggesting that these elements might contribute to condensate formation by BRD4-NUT. Conversely, only the HAT activity of BRD4-p300 appears necessary to mimic the transcriptional profile of cells expressing BRD4-NUT. Our results suggest a model for condensate formation by the BRD4-NUT:p300 complex involving a combination of positive feedback and phase separation, and show that multiple overlapping, yet distinct, regions of p300 contribute to condensate formation and transcriptional regulation.
A nystagmus extraction system using artificial intelligence for video-nystagmography
Authors: Lee Yerin , Lee Sena , Han Junghun , Seo Young Joon , Yang Sejung
Published: July 2023

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the most common vestibular disorder, is diagnosed by an examiner changing the posture of the examinee and inducing nystagmus. Among the diagnostic methods used to observe nystagmus, video-nystagmography has been widely used recently because it is non-invasive. A specialist with professional knowledge and training in vertigo diagnosis is needed to diagnose BPPV accurately, but the ratio of vertigo patients to specialists is too high, thus necessitating the need for automated diagnosis of BPPV. In this paper, a convolutional neural network-based nystagmus extraction system, ANyEye, optimized for video-nystagmography data is proposed. A pupil was segmented to track the exact pupil trajectory from real-world data obtained during field inspection. A deep convolutional neural network model was trained with the new video-nystagmography dataset for the pupil segmentation task, and a compensation algorithm was designed to correct pupil position. In addition, a slippage detection algorithm based on moving averages was designed to eliminate the motion artifacts induced by goggle slippage. ANyEye outperformed other eye-tracking methods including learning and non-learning-based algorithms with five-pixel error detection rate of 91.26%.
A novel spherical ultrasonic motor with wire stators and measuring torque and preload via a new method
Authors: Jahantab Seyed Hassan , Hojjat Yousef , Ghavami Namin Behzad , Shirkosh Mohammad
Published: July 2023

The present study introduces a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) ultrasonic motor, which is capable of driving a spherical rotor using spiral wire stators and a piezoelectric stack actuator. Wire stators and piezoelectric stack actuators enable the proposed motor to be smaller and simpler, lower in power consumption, and have different modes at different frequencies. In this motor, two wire stators are used to drive the spherical rotor and rotate it in different directions. The eigenfrequency and frequency domain analyses were carried out using the finite element method (FEM) to evaluate the MDOF capability of the motor in different vibration modes. It has been demonstrated that the piezoelectric stack actuator can provide MDOF motions through its vibration modes. The resonant frequency obtained by the frequency domain approach agreed with the impedance analyzer test. Rotational speed, torque, and preload force were experimentally investigated. Using shear stress caused by viscous fluid in contact with the spherical rotor, a new torque calculation method was developed. Based on the buoyancy force exerted on the immersed rotor, the preload force was measured. The experimental results indicated that the maximum rotational speed of the spherical rotor was 306 rpm, and the maximum torque was 4.7 μN m.
Schwann cell-encapsulated chitosan-collagen hydrogel nerve conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in rodent sciatic nerve defect models
Authors: Takeya Hiroaki , Itai Shun , Kimura Hiroo , Kurashina Yuta , Amemiya Tsuyoshi , Nagoshi Narihito , Iwamoto Takuji , Sato Kazuki , Shibata Shinsuke , Matsumoto Morio , Onoe Hiroaki , Nakamura Masaya
Published: July 2023

Chitosan has various tissue regeneration effects. This study was designed to investigate the nerve regeneration effect of Schwann cell (SC)-encapsulated chitosan-collagen hydrogel nerve conduit (CCN) transplanted into a rat model of sciatic nerve defect. We prepared a CCN consisting of an outer layer of chitosan hydrogel and an inner layer of collagen hydrogel to encapsulate the intended cells. Rats with a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect were treated with SCs encapsulated in CCN (CCN+), CCN without SCs (CCN−), SC-encapsulated silicone tube (silicone+), and autologous nerve transplanting (auto). Behavioral and histological analyses indicated that motor functional recovery, axonal regrowth, and myelination of the CCN+ group were superior to those of the CCN− and silicone+ groups. Meanwhile, the CCN− and silicone+ groups showed no significant differences in the recovery of motor function and nerve histological restoration. In conclusion, SC-encapsulated CCN has a synergistic effect on peripheral nerve regeneration, especially axonal regrowth and remyelination of host SCs. In the early phase after transplantation, SC-encapsulated CCNs have a positive effect on recovery. Therefore, using SC-encapsulated CCNs may be a promising approach for massive peripheral nerve defects.
Seaweed extract and arbuscular mycorrhiza co-application affect the growth responses and essential oil composition of Foeniculum vulgare L.
Authors: Rasouli Farzad , Nasiri Yousef , Hassanpouraghdam Mohammad Bagher , Asadi Mohammad , Qaderi Taher , Trifa Amini , Strzemski Maciej , Dresler Sławomir , Szczepanek Małgorzata
Published: July 2023

The influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) inoculation, seaweed extract (SWE) foliar use, and their co-applications were evaluated on the growth-associated traits, antioxidant potential, essential oil profile, and the nutrients content of fennel plants. A factorial experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with two factors and four replications in the greenhouse. The factors were: AMF inoculation (not inoculated and inoculated with 5 g kg−1) and SWE foliar application (0, 0.5, 1.5, or 3 g L−1). The highest root colonization percentage was recorded in plants treated with AMF + 3 g L−1 of SWE. The top recorded plant height, leaf number, leaf dry weight, biomass, thousand seed weight (TSW), total soluble proteins and total soluble carbohydrates content, antioxidant activity, and essential oil content belonged to AMF + 3 g L−1 of SWE. Furthermore, the co-application of AMF + SWE resulted in a considerable enhancement of the photosynthetic pigments content and, in N, P, K, Fe, Zn, and Mn contents in the shoots and roots. The GC-FID and GC–MS analysis revealed that (E)-anethole (73.28–76.18%), fenchone (5.94–8.26%), limonene (4.64–6.58%), methyl chavicol (2.91–3.18%), and (Z)-β-ocimene (1.36–2.01%) were the principal essential oil constituents. The top (E)-anethole and fenchone contents were obtained by AMF + SWE. Altogether, the simultaneous application of AMF and SWE could be introduced as an environment-friendly strategy to reach reliable growth responses, especially in fennel plants' enriched with some precious essential oil constituents.
Clinical and biomarker factors affecting survival in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer receiving olaparib monotherapy: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Tashiro Ryota , Kawazoe Hitoshi , Mamishin Kanako , Seto Keisuke , Udagawa Ryoko , Saito Yoshimasa , Hashimoto Hironobu , Shimoi Tatsunori , Yonemori Kan , Yonemura Masahito , Terakado Hiroyuki , Nishimura Takahiro , Kawasaki Toshikatsu , Furukawa Tetsuya , Nakamura Tomonori
Published: July 2023

The standard treatment for platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (PSROC) is platinum-based chemotherapy followed by olaparib monotherapy. A retrospective study was conducted to identify factors affecting the survival of patients with PSROC undergoing olaparib monotherapy in real-world clinical settings. The study enrolled 122 patients who received olaparib monotherapy between April 2018 and December 2020 at three national centers in Japan. The study used the Kaplan–Meier method and univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the associations between factors and progression-free survival (PFS). Patients with BRCA1/2 mutations had a significantly longer median PFS than those without these mutations. Both the BRCA1/2 mutation-positive and mutation-negative groups exhibited a prolonged PFS when the platinum-free interval (PFI) was ≥ 12 months. Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) level within reference values was significantly linked to prolonged PFS, while a high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥ 210) was significantly associated with poor PFS in the BRCA1/2 mutation-negative group. The study suggests that a PFI of ≥ 12 months may predict survival after olaparib monotherapy in patients with PSROC, regardless of their BRCA1/2 mutation status. Additionally, a CA-125 level within reference values may be associated with extended survival in patients without BRCA1/2 mutations. A larger prospective study should confirm these findings.
Deep learning predicts patients outcome and mutations from digitized histology slides in gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Fu Yu , Karanian Marie , Perret Raul , Camara Axel , Le Loarer François , Jean-Denis Myriam , Hostein Isabelle , Michot Audrey , Ducimetiere Françoise , Giraud Antoine , Courreges Jean-Baptiste , Courtet Kevin , Laizet Yech’an , Bendjebbar Etienne , Du Terrail Jean Ogier , Schmauch Benoit , Maussion Charles , Blay Jean-Yves , Italiano Antoine , Coindre Jean-Michel
Published: July 2023

Risk assessment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) according to the AFIP/Miettinen classification and mutational profiling are major tools for patient management. However, the AFIP/Miettinen classification depends heavily on mitotic counts, which is laborious and sometimes inconsistent between pathologists. It has also been shown to be imperfect in stratifying patients. Molecular testing is costly and time-consuming, therefore, not systematically performed in all countries. New methods to improve risk and molecular predictions are hence crucial to improve the tailoring of adjuvant therapy. We have built deep learning (DL) models on digitized HES-stained whole slide images (WSI) to predict patients’ outcome and mutations. Models were trained with a cohort of 1233 GIST and validated on an independent cohort of 286 GIST. DL models yielded comparable results to the Miettinen classification for relapse-free-survival prediction in localized GIST without adjuvant Imatinib (C-index=0.83 in cross-validation and 0.72 for independent testing). DL splitted Miettinen intermediate risk GIST into high/low-risk groups (p value = 0.002 in the training set and p value = 0.29 in the testing set). DL models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.81, 0.91, and 0.71 for predicting mutations in KIT, PDGFRA and wild type, respectively, in cross-validation and 0.76, 0.90, and 0.55 in independent testing. Notably, PDGFRA exon18 D842V mutation, which is resistant to Imatinib, was predicted with an AUC of 0.87 and 0.90 in cross-validation and independent testing, respectively. Additionally, novel histological criteria predictive of patients’ outcome and mutations were identified by reviewing the tiles selected by the models. As a proof of concept, our study showed the possibility of implementing DL with digitized WSI and may represent a reproducible way to improve tailoring therapy and precision medicine for patients with GIST.
Wild blueberry (V. angustifolium) improves TNFα-induced cell barrier permeability through claudin-1 and oxidative stress modulation in Caco-2 cells
Authors: Marino Mirko , Venturi Samuele , Rendine Marco , Porrini Marisa , Gardana Claudio , Klimis-Zacas Dorothy , Del Bo’ Cristian , Riso Patrizia
Published: July 2023

Dietary doses of wild blueberry, rich in bioactive components such as polyphenols, may contribute to support the integrity of the intestinal barrier by preserving claudin-1 expression and reducing markers of oxidative stress.
Raspberry polyphenols alleviate neurodegenerative diseases: through gut microbiota and ROS signals
Authors: Hu Boyong , Shi Yi , Lu Chunyue , Chen Haixin , Zeng Yuqing , Deng Jing , Zhang Lin , Lin Qinlu , Li Wen , Chen Yuan , Zhong Feifei , Xia Xu
Published: July 2023

There are three main pathways by which polyphenols reduce ROS: direct scavenging, regulation by brain-gut axis signaling and regulation by intestinal flora.
Impact of thermal gas treatment on the surface modification of Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Mellin Maximilian , Liang Zhili , Sclar Hadar , Maiti Sandipan , Píš Igor , Nappini Silvia , Magnano Elena , Bondino Federica , Napal Ilargi , Winkler Robert , Hausbrand Réne , Hofmann Jan P. , Alff Lambert , Markovsky Boris , Aurbach Doron , Jaegermann Wolfram , Cherkashinin Gennady
Published: July 2023

Thermal double gases SO2 and NH3 treatment of 0.33Li2MnO3·0.67LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 cathode materials leads to a partial reduction of the Co3+ and Mn4+ ions via electron transfer from SO2 to the transition metal sites and surface modification which acts as protective layer.
Open-chain thiamine analogues as potent inhibitors of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent enzymes
Authors: Chan Alex H. Y. , Ho Terence C. S. , Leeper Finian J.
Published: July 2023

Flexible open-chain analogues of thiamine can occupy various different pockets in pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit, depending on whether they have a metal-binding group or not.
Polyhydroxyurethane covalent adaptable networks: looking for suitable catalysts
Authors: Bakkali-Hassani Camille , Berne Dimitri , Bron Pauline , Irusta Lourdes , Sardon Haritz , Ladmiral Vincent , Caillol Sylvain
Published: July 2023

Various bases (DMAP, DBU, TBD, t-BuOK), acid (p-TSA), thiourea (TU) and organometallic Lewis acid (DBTDL) were investigated as potential catalysts for the preparation of polyhydroxyurethane covalent adaptable networks.
Dielectric polarization-based separations in an ionic solution
Authors: Anand Gaurav , Safaripour Samira , Snoeyink Craig
Published: July 2023

A novel non-electrophoretic, electric field-based separation mechanism capable of transporting ions based on their dielectric properties is presented here for the first time.
Effects of spin–orbit coupling on transmission and absorption of electromagnetic waves in strained armchair phosphorene nanoribbons
Authors: Rezania H. , Abdi M. , Nourian E. , Astinchap B.
Published: July 2023

We compute the optical conductivity, both the imaginary and real parts of the dielectric constant, and the optical coefficients of armchair phosphorene nanoribbons under application of biaxial and uniaxial strains.
Improvement of optical properties of AISI 304 as a solar absorber using a pulsed fiber laser
Authors: Chomcharoen Narin , Muangnapoh Tanyakorn , Traipattanakul Bhawat , Surawathanawises Krissada
Published: July 2023

The AISI 304 specimens were modified by a pulsed fiber laser to form a metal oxide layer as a solar absorber for optical property improvement.
Enzymatically catalyzed furan-based copolyesters containing dilinoleic diol as a building block
Authors: Sokołowska Martyna , Nowak-Grzebyta Jagoda , Stachowska Ewa , Miądlicki Piotr , Zdanowicz Magdalena , Michalkiewicz Beata , El Fray Miroslawa
Published: July 2023

Enzymatically-catalyzed polycondensation as more environmentally friendly method for creating sustainable alternatives to traditional aromatic–aliphatic polyesters is a valuable step towards resource-efficiency optimization.
Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives as potential anti-proliferative agents, VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptotic inducers
Authors: Saleh Abdulrahman M. , Mahdy Hazem A. , El-Zahabi Mohamed Ayman , Mehany Ahmed B. M. , Khalifa Mohamed M. , Eissa Ibrahim H.
Published: July 2023

A novel series of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives bearing benzylidene and hydrazone moieties with different linkers (spacers) were designed and synthesized as possible inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2).
Rare earth dialkyl cations and monoalkyl dications supported by a rigid neutral pincer ligand: synthesis and ethylene polymerization
Authors: Vasanthakumar Aathith , Price Jeffrey S. , Emslie David J. H.
Published: July 2023

A rigid and robust neutral pincer ligand has been developed, and used for the synthesis of a pair of dicationic scandium alkyl complexes, one of which is a highly active catalyst for ethylene polymerization.
AI-based identification of therapeutic agents targeting GPCRs: introducing ligand type classifiers and systems biology
Authors: Goßen Jonas , Ribeiro Rui Pedro , Bier Dirk , Neumaier Bernd , Carloni Paolo , Giorgetti Alejandro , Rossetti Giulia
Published: July 2023

By merging structural macromolecular data with systems biology simulations and AI-based classifier of chemical space, we developed a framework to identify therapeutic agents against GPCRs with novel chemotypes other than the physiological ligands.
Impact of core–shell perovskite nanocrystals for LED applications: successes, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Das Adhikari Samrat , Gualdrón Reyes Andrés F. , Paul Subir , Torres Jeevan , Escuder Beatriu , Mora-Seró Iván , Masi Sofia
Published: July 2023

Using core/shell based perovskite materials is a promising strategy to stabilize perovskite nanocrystal phases and passivate the surface, in order to improve both the stability and the optical properties of the material and in turn of light emitting diodes.
Inorganic–organic hybrid solid electrolytes in the tetramethylammonium iodide–LiI–Li2S–P2S5 system for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Fang Tong , Tokiwa Hikaru , Miura Akira , Tadanaga Kiyoharu
Published: July 2023

A new type of glassy solid electrolyte was prepared by doping tetramethylammonium iodide (TMAI) in Li7P2S8I. TMAI can suppress the large volume change of a Si electrode during cycling.
Anaerobic biodegradation of citric acid in the presence of Ni and U at alkaline pH; impact on metal fate and speciation
Authors: Byrd Natalie , Lloyd Jonathan R. , Townsend Luke T. , Small Joe S. , Taylor Frank , Bagshaw Heath , Boothman Christopher , Strashnov Ilya , Morris Katherine
Published: July 2023

Biodegradation of citrate occurred under LLW repository relevant conditions with Ni and U present. Citrate biodegradation led to the formation of insoluble Ni sulfides or nanocrystalline U(iv)–phosphate and may promote Ni/U retention in LLW repositories.
Molecular Imaging of Glial Tumors: Established and Emerging Tracers
Authors: Dev Indraja D. , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Purandare Nilendu C. , Puranik Ameya D.
Published: July 2023

Various positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have been developed and extensively studied in the field of neuro-oncology imaging. In the management of brain tumors, accurate delineation of tumor extent, assessment of treatment response, and detection of early recurrence are the most important factors. At present, conventional anatomical imaging paired with amino acid tracer PET imaging is the recommended imaging modality for glial tumor evaluation. Newer PET tracers targeting various structures in the tumor microenvironment have been extensively studied. This review summarizes the established and emerging PET tracers having potential impact on neuro-oncology practice.
Frequency and Reasons for Vaccination Failure against Measles among Pediatric Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi
Authors: Jamal Ammarah , Nasir Sharmeen , Hayee Faiza , Yahya Yousuf
Published: July 2023

Objective A nationwide measles–rubella (MR) vaccination campaign was executed in Pakistan in November 2021. Despite that, there was a persistence of new measles cases. Thus, we designed this study to determine the measles vaccination status in patients with measles and to determine the reasons of missed vaccination during the campaign.

Methods We reviewed medical records of measles patients >1 month to 12 years of age, presenting to the pediatric emergency of a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan, during January to June 2022. We recorded patients' demographics and vaccination status. Measles patients who were hospitalized were reviewed to see if the child has or has not received vaccination during the MR campaign and what were the reasons for missed vaccination.

Results A total of 1,058 children presented with measles out of which 52.9% were male. The mean age of the patients was 2.2 years. Excluding 24.3% of the patients because of age <9 months, 800 (75.6%) patients were eligible for measles vaccine. Out of these, 80% received the vaccine (94.6% had one dose and only 5.3% had two doses). Among the 98 admitted patients, 68 (69.3%) were eligible for vaccination during the MR campaign, out of which 88.2% did not get the vaccine. Common reasons of missed vaccination were: lack of knowledge of the campaign (36.6%), impossibility to find vaccination facility (23.3%), and lack of trust in vaccines (15%).

Conclusion Most of the hospitalized measles patients had missed the vaccine during the MR campaign, mostly because of lack of knowledge of the campaign. This calls for devising strategies to improve coverage of vaccination services.
Determination of Isometric Points in the Stifle of a Dog Using a 3D Model
Authors: Yair Nadav , Yiapanis Christos , Ben-Amotz Ron , Meiner Yaron , Shapiro Amir , Milgram Joshua
Published: July 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) model to identify the isometric component of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs.

Methods A static 3D model of the specimen was generated from a computed tomography scan of the stifle of a dog and a kinematic model was generated from data collected, every 5 degrees from full extension (131 degrees) through 80 degrees of stifle flexion, from four sensors attached to the tibia. Kinematic data were superimposed on the static model by aligning the points of interest, which were defined for both models. This allowed the tibia to rotate and translate relative to the femur based on the kinematic data. The contours of the distal femur and proximal tibia were converted into point clouds and the distance between each point in the femoral point cloud and all the points in the tibial point cloud were measured at each of the 15 positions. The difference between the maximum and minimum distances for each pair of points was calculated, and when it was less than 0.2 mm, points were illustrated as two red dots connected by a line at their locations on the femur and tibia.

Results A total of 3,681 pairs of isometric points were identified and were located at the origin and insertion of the CCL and on the lateral aspect of the stifle.

Conclusion Isometric areas are present at the origin and insertion of the CCL and lateral aspect of the stifle. Better understanding of these locations may lead to refinements in techniques to replace the ruptured CCL.
Dance, Institution, Abolition
Authors: Chaganti Seeta
Published: July 2023

Antiracist commitments—in medieval studies and elsewhere—are incomplete without a commitment to abolitionist principles. These principles involve the dismantling of police, prisons, and many other institutions fostering the interests of carcerality, property protection, and racial capitalism. This essay encourages scholars of medieval dance to explore abolitionist horizons because, it argues, the study of medieval dance requires the development of three capacities also integral to the abolitionist project: 1) an ability to envision what we cannot know; 2) an understanding of how to act collectively even through our estrangement from each other (as medieval dancers did); 3) a willingness to take risks. These characteristics could help scholars of dance confront medieval studies and mobilize it to make not just the field but also the world a place of freedom, thriving, and mutual care.
Membraned metasurface blocks noise but not air flow
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: July 2023

Acoustic metasurface effectively insulates against low-frequency and broadband sounds while maintaining ventilation.
Simulating blood clot beginnings
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: July 2023

Modeling the initial stages of blood clotting reveals the flow and cellular conditions that heighten thrombosis risk.
Brain-on-a-chip is new testing ground for cancer treatments
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: July 2023

The three-dimensional model of the brain helps researchers investigate cancer treatment efficacy and selectivity.
3D CNN and grad-CAM based visualization for predicting generation of dislocation clusters in multicrystalline silicon
Authors: Hara Kyoka , Kojima Takuto , Kutsukake Kentaro , Kudo Hiroaki , Usami Noritaka
Published: July 2023

We propose a machine learning-based technique to address the crystallographic characteristics responsible for the generation of crystal defects. A convolutional neural network was trained with pairs of optical images that display the characteristics of the crystal and photoluminescence images that show the distributions of crystal defects. The model was trained to predict the existence of crystal defects at the center pixel of the given image from its optical features. Prediction accuracy and separability were enhanced by feeding three-dimensional data and data augmentation. The prediction was successful with a high area under the curve of over 0.9 in a receiver operating characteristic curve. Likelihood maps showing the distributions of the predicted defects are in good resemblance with the correct distributions. Using the trained model, we visualized the most important regions to the predicted class by gradient-based class activation mapping. The extracted regions were found to contain mostly particular grains where the grain boundaries changed greatly due to crystal growth and clusters of small grains. This technique is beneficial in providing a rapid and statistical analysis of various crystal characteristics because the features of optical images are often complex and difficult to interpret. The interpretations can help us understand the physics of crystal growth and the effects of crystallographic characteristics on the generation of detrimental defects. We believe that this technique will contribute to the development of a better fabrication process for high-performance multicrystalline materials.
EFL teachers’ awareness of dyslexia
Authors: Nushi Musa , Eshraghi Mitra
Published: July 2023

Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities among
students, and teachers are often the very first to notice dyslexic students. It
is therefore imperative that teachers be well-prepared to intervene
appropriately and effectively once they encounter dyslexic students. The current
study investigates teachers’ knowledge about the disorder in an English as a
foreign language (EFL) context. Employing a questionnaire designed by Soriano et al. (2016), the study
evaluates the awareness of dyslexia among 84 Iranian English teachers working in
language institutes. The findings revealed that the majority of the teachers
lacked adequate knowledge of the disorder but that they wished to learn more
about this learning disability. Furthermore, the teachers’ awareness of the
disorder was found to be independent of their demographic characteristics such
as gender, previously completed programs, years of teaching experience, and
experience with dyslexic students. The findings of this research can be
informative for teacher educators, curriculum designers, and materials
developers as there seems to be a need for revisions in teacher training
curricula, instructional policies, and materials.
Migration linguistics
Authors: Borlongan Ariane Macalinga
Published: July 2023

Migration, among the most important sociocultural phenomena of contemporary global societies, is complex, dynamic, and multifaceted. At the heart of migration is language, the indispensable agent of migration. Hence, in this article, a new sub-discipline of linguistics is presented, and that is ‘migration linguistics’. It is the interdisciplinary and multidimensional study of the various aspects of language within the dynamic process of human mobility. And a linguistic theory of migration postulates that: (1) Language is an essential element in the migration process; (2) an individual’s acquisition, learning, and use of language significantly changes as a result of migration; and (3) migrants must be understood in the languages they can use, taught the destination language, and provided basic and essential services understandable to them. The interdisciplinary nature of this new sub-discipline of linguistics is enriched by a variety of approaches and methodologies in solving issues relative to language in the context of migration.
Developing L2 listening comprehension through extensive and intensive
listening
Authors: Karlin Omar , Karlin Sayaka
Published: July 2023

In the fall semester of 2020, 269 Japanese university students
were compared in a quasi-experimental study to determine whether extensive and
intensive listening interventions yielded significant gains in L2 listening
comprehension. At the beginning of the study, 269 students took a 100-item L2
listening exam, and were randomly placed into an extensive
(n = 135) or intensive listening group
(n = 134). After each group completed five assignments based on
extensive or intensive listening principles, students took another 100-item L2
listening exam. Paired-sample t-tests of raw scores and Rasch person ability
estimates indicated that the extensive listening group significantly improved in
raw scores, t(134) = −7.44, p = .00, but not
in Rasch person ability estimates t(134) = −1.86,
p = .07, while the intensive listening group significantly
improved in both raw scores, t(133) = −9.48,
p = .00, and Rasch person ability estimates,
t(133) = −3.58, p = .00.
Addressing race in English language teaching
Authors: Coachman Erika de Freitas , Fernandes Izabelle da Silva
Published: July 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyze a set of didactic materials developed to teach English as an Additional Language at a Brazilian public school in Rio de Janeiro. Such materials were designed to invite 7th grade students with diverse social, racial, and economic backgrounds to learn about the world and the English language from viewpoints that delineate a decolonial stance (Mignolo, 2010;Kumaravadivelu, 2016;Jansen, 2017). Grounded on the notions of Critical Race Literacy (Ferreira, 2014) and Critical Language Awareness (Alim, 2005), this paper looks into didactic activities built upon emancipatory (Freire, 1996) and transgressive (Pennycook, 2006;hooks, 2013) approaches to Applied Linguistics and Language Education, understanding English Language classrooms as privileged arenas for the construction of ideas on race. The methodological approach is based on the premises of a Dialogical Discourse Analysis (Brait, 2006/2018) to identify centripetal and centrifugal forces (Bakhtin, 1981) in the didactic materials produced. Results have indicated that the discourse genres selected (Bakhtin, 2003/1979apudTilio, 2017) and the set of activities developed are permeated by social voices (Bakhtin, 1981) that promote decolonial dialogues in the English language classroom.
The development of EFL students’ speech fluency
Authors: Marzuki Dony
Published: July 2023

This study investigated phase transitions in EFL students’ speech fluency development using a complex dynamic
systems perspective. Two students with different proficiency levels were selected from an intact speaking class. These students
learned and practiced specific strategies to improve their speech fluency. Phase transitions were analyzed based on three criteria:
sudden jumps, anomalous variance, and qualitative change in the attractor. Number of syllables was used as the speech fluency
measure. The results suggest that only the higher-proficiency student underwent one phase transition. These findings imply that a
short explicit fluency strategy training intervention could improve the speech fluency development of high-proficiency students in
EFL classrooms. The results have implications for theory and pedagogical practice relating to EFL students’ speech fluency
development.
Fortifying cuteness
Authors: Crosby Drew , Dalola Amanda
Published: July 2023

The term aegyo refers to a cute style of speech
in Korean with numerous reported phonetic correlates. One of these is obstruent
fortition (OF). The present study examines the gender and age effects of OF
across 21 romantic couples and across eight mock situations (date, workplace,
family, comfort, date-planning, request, expression of love). Results revealed a
significant interaction between performance of aegyo and
age, such that younger participants exhibited higher rates of
OF when performing aegyo than when not performing
aegyo, whereas older participants did not. Results also
revealed a gender effect such that women employed more OF than
men, and a situation effect such that OF was more likely to occur in
romantic situations, suggesting its indexicality of romantic intimacy.
Walter Benjamin as translator as John Henry
Authors: Robinson Douglas
Published: July 2023

The article invokes John Henry’s fatal competition with the rock-driving machine, a legendary exemplar of resistance to automation, as a speculative analogue of Walter Benjamin’s 1923 essay “Die Aufgabe des Übersetzers,” read as a metaphysical attempt to develop a workable alternative to the kind of mechanizable translating he hated. Benjamin’s practical work with Baudelaire and Proust and the others is read tentatively as the forerunners to machine translation eighty-plus years later – working with the meanings of individual words in sentential chunks, striving to organize them along the lines of statistical usage in the target language, and incrementally learning with each translation job to assimilate actual reproductions of sentential meaning more and more accurately to statistical usage. “Die Aufgabe des Übersetzers” by contrast, read as his anti-MT manifesto, opens up to a somatic phenomenology of felt (super)human life.
Ethical issues for literary translation in the Era of artificial intelligence
Authors: Bo Li
Published: July 2023

Technological advancement has brought changes to many professions across the world. Furthermore, it has triggered
a discussion about ethical issues. Machine Translation (MT) or Computer-Aided Translation (CAT)
has vastly increased work efficiency and technology-related ethical issues are gaining academic attention these days. However, the
discussion of ethical issues for literary translation against the backdrop of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is limited. After a
quick review of the stages of MT, this paper will delve into literary translation’s emerging ethical issues, for example, the
literary translator’s professional identity and copyright. Copyright ethics is an indispensable part of AI-enabled literary
translation since training data and participatory NMT involve copyright issues. This study revealed that technological advancement
will facilitate literary translation. However, no direct evidence exists that machine translation will replace human translators.
Given the new working mode of “multi-players” or participatory translation, ethical issues arising from the human and machine
interaction merit further academic inquiry.
The many guises of machine translation
Authors: Nunes Vieira Lucas
Published: July 2023

Machine translation (MT) tools are widely available. They may be present in different spaces in ways that consumers of the content do not necessarily control or realise, and research to date has paid little attention to these human-MT encounters. This article draws on the philosophy of technology literature to consider implications of MT’s permeating presence in online environments as well as in face-to-face interactions. The focus of the article is on two situations where humans can come across MT: while browsing websites and when speaking with figures of authority. The article highlights ways in which humans’ relationship with MT transcends conscious decisions to operate an MT tool directly. It argues that the human-MT relationship can also be one of immersion where MT blends with the environment in ways that, on the one hand, break language barriers but, on the other, influence, persuade, and on occasion misinform.
An analysis of the Spanish dubbing of the video game Iron Man
2
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández-Peña Alfonso Carlos
Published: July 2023

Our study was motivated to investigate reasons why the Spanish
localisation of the video game Iron Man 2 (Sega 2010) attracted extensive
criticism. Scholars and gamers alike labelled it “abysmal” (Mejías-Climent 2021b, 134) and among
the worst dubbing in Spanish of all time in the video game history. This article
provides a descriptive and empirical analysis of the Spanish dubbing of the
cinematic scenes of the game. We have focused our analysis, firstly, on the
synchrony of the 50 cinematic scenes following Mejías-Climent’s (2021b) levels of restriction and
types of dubbing synchronies, and, secondly, on the voice actors’ performance
(acting, pronunciation and diction) and voice quality (character coherence) for
the most relevant game characters by applying the methodology for voice quality
analysis, drawing on Bosseaux (2015,
2018) and Rodríguez Fernández-Peña (2020). The results show that
there has been a chain of oversights in the dubbing process, involving dubbing
directors, voice actors and testers, which likely contributed to the negative
reviews of the localised version in Spanish.
Gold single-grain microCT scanning: Operational constraints and first results in Brazilian alluvial grains
Authors: Lima de Montalvão Barretto Andre Diego , Tupinambá Miguel , Heilbron Monica , Bertolino Luiz Carlos , Rocha Flávio
Published: July 2023

The present work sought to investigate the applicability of the microCT scanning beyond petrophysics in oil and gas industry. We analysed external features (morphology) with all their nuances, and internal features such as mineral inclusions and vugs, in micrometric alluvial gold grains from one of the largest rivers in Southeastern Brazil. Owing to the complicated X-ray interactions with any metallic material, mainly gold, several imaging protocols were used until obtaining the most appropriate one. The results corroborate that microCT scanning can be a useful tool in provenance studies of detrital gold grains, even in an adverse analytical context and with small gold grain populations.
Multi-skyrmion states in the Skyrme model with a false vacuum potential*
Authors: Wang Jun-Shuai , Ma Yong-Liang
Published: July 2023

We study multi-skyrmion states using the Skyrme model with a false vacuum potential up to baryon number

using the product ansatz. It is found that both the false and true vacuum potentials can result in a cluster structure for the multi-skyrmion states. We also analyze the effect of explicit chiral breaking on the masses and contour surfaces of the baryon number density of the multi-skyrmion states.
Deligne–Lusztig duality on the moduli stack of bundles
Authors: Chen Lin
Published: July 2023

Let

Bun

G

⁡
(
X
)

\operatorname {Bun}_{G}(X)

be the moduli stack of

G
G

-torsors on a smooth projective curve

X
X

for a reductive group

G
G

. We prove a conjecture made by Drinfeld-Wang and Gaitsgory on the Deligne–Lusztig duality for D-modules on

Bun

G

⁡
(
X
)

\operatorname {Bun}_{G}(X)

. This conjecture relates the pseudo-identity functors given by Gaitsgory [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) (2017)] and Drinfeld and Gaitsgory [Camb. J. Math. 3 (2015), pp. 19–125] to the enhanced Eisenstein series and geometric constant term functors given by Gaitsgory [Astérisque (2015)]. We also prove a “second adjointness” result for these enhanced functors.
Type-I permanence
Authors: Chirvasitu Alexandru
Published: July 2023

We prove a number of results on the survival of the type-I property under extensions of locally compact groups: (a) that given a closed normal embedding

N

⊴

E

\mathbb {N}\trianglelefteq \mathbb {E}

of locally compact groups and a twisted action

(
α
,
τ
)

(\alpha ,\tau )

thereof on a (post)liminal

C
∗

C^*

-algebra

A
A

the twisted crossed product

A

⋊

α
,
τ

E

A\rtimes _{\alpha ,\tau }\mathbb {E}

is again (post)liminal and (b) a number of converses to the effect that under various conditions a normal, closed, cocompact subgroup

N

⊴

E

\mathbb {N}\trianglelefteq \mathbb {E}

is type-I as soon as

E

\mathbb {E}

is. This happens for instance if

N

\mathbb {N}

is discrete and

E

\mathbb {E}

is Lie, or if

N

\mathbb {N}

is finitely-generated discrete (with no further restrictions except cocompactness). Examples show that there is not much scope for dropping these conditions.

In the same spirit, call a locally compact group

G

\mathbb {G}

type-I-preserving if all semidirect products

N

⋊

G

\mathbb {N}\rtimes \mathbb {G}

are type-I as soon as

N

\mathbb {N}

is, and linearly type-I-preserving if the same conclusion holds for semidirect products

V
⋊

G

V\rtimes \mathbb {G}

arising from finite-dimensional

G

\mathbb {G}

-representations. We characterize the (linearly) type-I-preserving groups that are (1) discrete-by-compact-Lie, (2) nilpotent, or (3) solvable Lie.
1593 FRAILTY AND OUTCOMES FOR OLDER PATIENTS TREATED IN A MAJOR TRAUMA CENTRE
Authors: Angus A , Flinn M , Wallace K , Gordon M W G , Capek E , Anand A
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Older people are the fastest growing group of hospitalised trauma patients, most commonly due to falls from standing height. The Scottish Trauma Audit Group (STAG) collect extensive national data, but this does not currently include frailty and longer-term dependency.

Method

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive cases in the STAG database for the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh between September 2018 and February 2019. Casenote review was used to calculate baseline Charleston Comorbidity Index (CCI) and frailty status using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Outcomes of residence and mortality were collected to 1 year.

Results

We included 442 patients (mean age 62±20 years old, 43% female), of whom 218 (49%) were ≥65 years old (mean 78±8 years, 57% female). CFS could be ascertained in 209 (96%) patients ≥65 years, of whom 73 (35%) were frail (CFS ≥5). Frail patients were older (82±8 years vs. 77±8 years, p<0.001) and had more comorbidities (mean CCI 5.4±1.8 vs. 4.4±1.8, p<0.001) prior to trauma compared to non-frail patients >65 years old. Median Injury Severity Scores (ISS) did not vary by age (9 [5-12] ≥65 years vs. 9 [8-16] <65 years, p=0.07) or frailty status (9 [9-10] frail vs 9 [4-14] non-frail, p=0.59). Frail older patients were twice as likely to die within one year of trauma (32% vs 14% in non-frail, p<0.001), and this was independent of age (adjusted odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence intervals 1.2–4.9, p=0.02). In survivors to 1 year, 16% of frail older patients required increased care at home (vs. 8% of non-frail older patients, p<0.001) and 14% were newly admitted to a care home (vs. 4% of non-frail, p<0.001).

Conclusion

A third of older patients with trauma are frail and this is an important predictor of patient outcomes beyond death. Frailty provides more prognostic information than age in this setting.