bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malignant Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Authors: Kolstad Per , Høeg Kari , Norman Nils
Published: December 2009

Malignant trophoblastic neoplasia is uncommon in Scandinavia, only 4–5 cases per 100 000 live births being reported to the National Cancer Registries each year. In a small series comprising 30 patients the effectiveness of chemotherapy in curing non‐metastatic as well as metastatic disease was confirmed. Of 16 women with metastatic choriocarcinoma, 12 were cured by combined treatment with methotrexate and actinomycin D. In the monitoring of treatment and follow‐up of the patients radioimmunoassay of LH in serum was found more sensitive and reliable than determination of HCG in 24‐hour urine. A delayed response to chemotherapy with fluctuating hormone levels during chemotherapy was observed to be of prognostic and therapeutic significance.
Prolapse of the Umbilical Cord
Authors: Bock Johannes E. , Wiese J.
Published: December 2009

Two series of cases of umbilical cord prolapse are submitted. One comprises 97 cases and the other 64. The total corrected mortality rate was 13.0% and 34.5% respectively, the mature corrected mortality rate 1.5% and 20.0%. The total mortality for breech presentations with prolapsed cord was 19.2% and 23.8% respectively. In cephalic presentations the mortality rate was 10.3% and 54.3% respectively. This difference in mortality is explained by a more active attitude in the department having the lower mortality, where the diagnosis was more often made by vaginal examination, the delivery was more rapid, and the use of Caesarean section more common.
Acridine Orange in Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Höglund Astrid , Joelsson Ingemar , Ingelman‐sundberg Axel , Odeblad Erik
Published: December 2009

With the ultimate purpose of evaluating the accuracy and specificity of the fluorescence of acridine orange stained cells or tissues as a sign of malignancy, this compound and its binding to stain receptors have been studied with biophysical methods. The present paper describes the identification of the lines in the proton magnetic resonance spectrum of acridine orange zinc trichloride. The ring proton lines are weak but the methyl line is strong and easy to record with a high ratio of the signal‐to‐background noise. The methyl line is composed of two superimposed parts, one narrow and one broad, with the same chemical shift. The reason why the methyl line is divided into components is, however, still unknown.
Fibrinolytic Activity of Veins in the Puerperium
Authors: Åstedt Birger
Published: December 2009

The content of fibrinolytic enzymes in the vessel walls in the puerperium was determined histochemically in biopsy specimens of hand veins and the release of such enzymes into the blood stream was studied after stimulation by venous occlusion of the arms. The local response of the fibrinolytic activity in the blood to such venous occlusion, which is known to be decreased during pregnancy, was almost normal as early as two hours post parlum. The fibrinolytic activity in the vessel wall was found to be normal on the 2nd‐5th day post parlum. The early return of the fibrinolytic activity in the blood and in the vessel wall is probably due to loss of the influence of placental hormones and perhaps also to the loss of a placental inhibitor of fibrinolysis.
External Cardiac Massage as a Method of Treatment of Neonatal Asphyxia: A Cineangiographic Study in the Piglet
Authors: Westin B. , Enhörning G. , Strömberg B.
Published: December 2009

Eight piglets were delivered at term by abdominal hysterotomy. They were prevented from breathing. The umbilical vein and artery and the jugular vein were cannulated. Arterial blood pressure and ECG were recorded and, when heart activity had ceased, cineangiography was performed with injection of contrast medium into the umbilical vein, or with injection through the jugular vein catheter, advanced to the superior vena cava. When contrast medium was injected into the umbilical vein it passed through the right atrium to the left atrium and left ventricle. When it was injected into the superior vena cava it was distributed to the right and left atrium and also to the right ventricle. External cardiac massage forced contrast medium into the arterial system. Evidently, contrast medium thereby reached the ascending aorta, the coronary arteries, and the brachiocephalic artery more readily following injection into the umbilical vein than into the superior vena cava. By the latter route, it would be distributed partly through the ductus arteriosus to the descending aorta. Infusion of oxygenated blood in a heart at standstill resulted in vigorous heart contractions.
Spontaneous Perforation of the Caecum Following Caesarean Section
Authors: Jensen H. Kålund
Published: December 2009

A case of spontaneous perforation of the caecum following Caesarean section in a 28‐year‐old primigravida is presented. The literature is reviewed and contributory factors are discussed. A caecal diameter exceeding 9 cm is stated to be an important sign of imminent perforation.
Treosulfan in the Treatment of Ovarian Carcinoma1
Authors: Lundvall Finn
Published: December 2009

A total of 90 patients has been treated with Treosulfan. The minimum follow‐up period was 6 months. Distribution according to age and clinical stages corresponds to what is usually found. The treatment with Treosulfan was given in interrupted causes. The only serious side effect is a depression of the bone‐marrow function. Apart from this, Treosulfan is well tolerated and in most cases the treatment can be carried out in the open ward. It is striking that the general condition of the patients very often was improved considerably. Five patients suffering from disseminated cancer apparently were cured. An excellent effect on ascites was seen since a complete disappearance of ascites was seen in 17 out of 27 patients with serous carcinoma and a transient improvement in six. There was hardly any effect of the treatment of the patients in the terminal stage of the disease. In stage III the average survival time for patients who died of the disease was proportional with the degree of response, viz.: Excellent response: 20.4 months, good response: 15.7 months and no or poor response: 6.0 months.
Fertility of Donors at Heterologous Insemination
Authors: Ulstein Magnar
Published: December 2009

Seminal properties in relation to fertility were studied in 14 semen donors, used for heterologous inseminations in 178 women. There were 100 conceptions. Fertility of the donors was statistically significantly related to the in vitro penetration and duration of motility of spermatozoa in cervical mucus.
Diazepam (Valium®) as an Anaesthetic for Operative Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Sagen Norvald , Haram Kjell
Published: December 2009

In a clinical controlled trial the use of vinyl‐ether‐ether‐N2O (53 cases) and diazepam‐N2O (48 cases) as general anaesthetic for operative vaginal delivery is compared. Local anaesthetic for episiotomy was applied in both methods to enhance analgesia. In the diazepam group there were no maternal complications while in the vinyl‐ether‐ether‐group there were 14 cases of vomiting, of which 2 led to aspiration with development of Mendelsohn's syndrome. A third case in the same group also had an aspiration without evident sequelae. The time from start of anaesthetic induction till complete delivery of the baby was on average 6 min 17 sec in the vinyl‐ether‐ether group compared with 2 min 21 sec in the diazepam group, which means an average reduction of about 4 min. Diazepam anaesthesia is simple to administer, effective, allows rapid delivery and is comfortable and safe for the mother. This form of anaesthesia made the obstetrician's task easier during delivery. It also appears to be a safe method for the newborn, judged by the Apgar scoring system.
A Method of Measuring the Interspinous Diameter by an Ultrasonic Technique: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Václavinková Vlasta
Published: December 2009

A method was developed of measuring the interspinous diameter of the female pelvis with the ultrasound B‐apparatus Vidoson 635. The method was used in a group of 30 patients, who simultaneously had X‐ray pelvimetry. The difference between the results obtained by ultrasonic measurement and X‐ray was δa = ± 0.13 cm. Other authors have achieved similar differences by ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter of the fetal head and the sagittal diameter of the pelvic brim.
Calf Blood Flow During Normal Primipregnancy
Authors: Sandstrom Bo
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The blood flow in the lower legs of 68 primi‐gravidae was examined plethysmographically, by which a measure of mainly the muscle flow was obtained. The subjects were divided into three groups according to duration of pregnancy, and the blood flow at rest and during reactive hyperaemia was recorded. The periods of pregnancy were 9–13 weeks (Group A), 15–22 weeks (Group B) and 37–42 weeks (Group C). Subjects in Group A were examined 1 day, 2 weeks and in a few cases 8 weeks after abortion in addition to examination during pregnancy: subjects in Groups B and C were examined 2 weeks after abortion and delivery respectively. The blood flow at rest during pregnancy, expressed in ml/min × 100 ml tissue was lower in Group C than in Groups A and B. During reactive hyperaemia the blood flow did not differ significantly between the three groups. In early pregnancy the muscular blood flow does not seem to increase in comparison with the nonpregnant state. The increased cardiac output during early pregnancy thus does not seem to pass through the muscles of the limbs. During the latter half of pregnancy resting blood flow measured with the subject in the supine position decreases, which is contrary to earlier reports.
Estimation of Gestosis of Pregnancy (EPH‐Gestosis)
Authors: Tervilä Leo , Goecke Claus , Timonen Sakari
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, urinary protein and amount of edema were compared with factors reflecting the prognosis and condition of the newborn in a series of 4404 patients with EPH‐gestosis, collected from the Helsinki University Central Hospital in 1965–1969 and the University Women's Clinic, Würzburg, in 1960–1969. No significant association was observed between slight and moderate edema and the prognosis of the newborn. The systolic blood pressure gave more significant information than the diastolic blood pressure. The amount of urinary protein showed the most consistent correlation with an impaired prognosis. The systolic blood pressure and proteinuria were thus the most significant indicators. An index for estimation of the prognosis in EPH‐gestosis was constructed on this basis. The purpose of this index is to provide a means of assessing the severity of the condition in the initial stage of treatment by exact use of simple observations. The index defines the risk of perinatal mortality, prematurity, asphyxia and smallness for dates in the individual case.
The Course and Outcome of Pregnancy in Women with Epilepsy
Authors: Bjerkedal Tors , Bahna Sami L.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Information derived from the compulsory national scheme of medical registration of births in Norway has been utilized in a study of the course and outcome of pregnancy in women with epilepsy. The series comprises 371 pregnancies in women with epilepsy and, as controls, 112530 pregnancies in women reporting no disease before or during the pregnancy. Comparisons indicate that women with epilepsy experience an excess of complications during pregnancy and labour, and that their babies are more frequently born prematurely and of low birth weight, and moreover have an excess of congenital malformations and higher perinatal and neonatal mortality rates. Epileptics, undoubtedly, constitute a high risk group in need of special attention during pregnancy and special care during labour. A proper interpretation of the findings in terms of causation, however, will call for additional data obtainable only through especially designed inquiries.
Equipment for Direct Fhr Monitoring During Labour: A Comparative Artefact Study
Authors: Westin B. , Soderberg G.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Electronic FHR‐monitoring is, like monitoring of the heart in adults, combined with artefacts. In the fetus interpretation of artefacts and diagnosis of cardiac disease are facilitated, if the filtered R‐wave is presented simultaneously with FHR. Changes in rate depending on artefacts can be misinterpreted with commercial instrumentations as depending on “fetal distress” which can be avoided with the equipment described in this paper. Filter properties and further reduction of noise are discussed.
Determination of Plasma Human Chorionic Somatomammotrophin and Urinary Oestriol in Diabetic Pregnancies
Authors: Persson B. , Lunell N. O. , Aubert M. L. , Carlström K. , Felber J. P.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Human chorionic somatomammotrophin (HCS) in plasma and oestriol excretion in urine were serially determined in 45 diabetic and 15 normal pregnancies. In the diabetic group there were three perinatal deaths. Mean HCS and oestriol values were not significantly influenced by factors such as maternal age, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes or presence of retinopathy. Group mean HCS and oestriol values were not significantly different between diabetics and controls. Six diabetics had one or more HCS values below 4 μg/ml. Four of them delivered small for date infants with one intra‐uterine and one neonatal death. In the former case death was preceded by a pronounced drop in oestriol and in the latter case oestriol values were low and fluctuating. Among Ihe remaining women with low HCS values, three had normal and one had increasing oestriol values within the lower normal range. All women with HCS values above 4 μg/ml had normal oestriol values and normal outcomes with one exception; this woman had low oestriol values and delivered a small for date infant with congenital rubella, who died as a result of hyaline membranes disease. It is concluded that determination of HCS in addition to determination of oestriol in pregnancies at risk could be of practical clinical value.
New Instruments: A Device for Vaginal Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Authors: Nordvall Sven
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A flexible needle guide for needle aspiration during gynecological examination is described. In 1955 Franzen introduced a special technique for cytological diagnosis of prostatic tumours by transrectal needle aspiration biopsy and he has published several articles about this technique of biopsy from palpable tumours in various organs, such as the thyroid gland, breast, liver, salivary gland and other tissues that can be reached with a needle.
Continuous Drip Lumbar Epidural Anaesthesia with Lidocaine for Vaginal Delivery II
Authors: Zador Göran , Nilsson Bo A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A total of 22 full term women with uncomplicated pregnancies were given continuous epidural analgesia using a 0.4 per cent lidocaine drip solution either without (series I), or with freshly added epi‐nephrine (series II). In both series a transient decrease in uterine activity occurred immediately after the induction of analgesia with 50 mg lidocaine. The spontaneous recovery time was 20‐30 minutes. In series II a more marked transitory depression of the uterine activity was recorded following a dose of 50 mg lidocaine with epinephrine, given immediately before commencing the drip infusion. Apart from these initial effects, caused by single doses, the normal progress of the first stage of labour was not significantly altered by the drip infusion. As in a previously studied series of patients, given intermittent epidural anaesthesia, a tendency to prolongation of the second stage was observed. Pathological foetal heart rate patterns were rare and never present as a consequence of maternal hypotension. Serial determination of foetal and maternal pH, Pco2, and BDecf could not demonstrate any adverse effect of the block on these variables. The influence of the duration of the second stage on foetal pH and base deficit levels were less pronounced than in a “normal” control series, suggesting better intrauterine foetal condition in the anaesthetized cases.
Pudendal Block in Normal Vaginal Deliveries
Authors: Zador Goran , Lindmark Gunilla , Nilsson Bo A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Pudendal block with 20 ml of 1 per cent lidocaine (200 mg) with and without epinephrine was used in 24 patients for pain relief during the second stage of labour. The addition of epinephrine improved the quality and prolonged the duration of the anasthe‐sia. Measurable amounts of lidocaine were detected in maternal venous And foetal scalp blood within 5 minutes after the injection with peak levels within 10‐20 minutes. Lidocaine with epinephrine gave lower maternal and foetal levels than plain lidocaine. The peak levels were about 30 per cent lower in maternal and about 20 per cent lower in foetal blood when epinephrine was added to the solution injected. The lidocaine levels in foetal blood were lower than the corresponding concentrations in maternal blood. They were always far below levels reported to be toxic. No correlation existed between maternal or foetal blood lidocaine concentrations and acid‐base changes in maternal or foetal blood. A slight but transient decline in the uterine activity was sometimes observed. This tendency was more pronounced when lidocaine with epinephrine was used. The mean duration of the second stage was longer in the anaesthetized patients than in a control group, probably more due to the abolishment of the bearing down reflex than to the slightly affected uterine activity. A prolongation of the second stage of labour was found to give a significantly increased tendency to foetal aci‐dosis in the anaesthetized as well as in the control group. The one minute Apgar scores were, however, normal. Adverse effects on the foetus due to a second stage prolonged by pudenda] block may be minimized by liberal use of episotomy, proper instruction, and coaching.
INTRAAMNIOTIC ADMINISTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α FOR THERAPEUTIC ABORTION
Authors: Nyberg Rune
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The present study was made to evaluate the efficiency of intraamniotically administered prostaglandin F2α upon unselected consecutive patients, hospitalized for legal abortion after the 12th week of pregnancy. In the first series, 178 cases were studied and in these the initial dose was related to the size of the uterus, i. e. 25 mg at 13 weeks, up to 40 mg at 24 weeks. A repeat injection of the same dose was required in 21% of the cases. Abortion occurred in 53% within 24 hours and in 81% within 48 hours. The mean abortion time was 32.3 hours. No failures occurred. In the second series, 73 patients were given an initial standardized dose of 40 mg irrespective of the size of the uterus. A repeat injection of 40 mg was given in 11%. Abortion occurred in 67% of the cases within 24 hours and in 80% within 48 hours. Four cases (5%) were failures. The mean time until expulsion of the fetus was 24.3 hours. Side effects in the form of vomiting and/or diarrhoea occurred about 2 times per patient in both series. In 20‐30% a blood loss was sustained of more than 500 ml. Rupture of the cervix occurred in 3 cases. In both series multigravidae aborted faster than primigravidae. Early rupture of the membranes before the cervix was effaced caused very long abortion times in several cases.
A COMPARISON OF TERMINATION OF PREGNANCIES IN THE 2nd TRIMESTER INDUCED BY INTRAAMNIOTIC INJECTION OF HYPERTONIC SALINE, PROSTAGLANDIN F2α OR BOTH DRUGS
Authors: Bostofte E. , Stakemann G. , Stocklund K.‐E.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In recent years prostaglandins have been used to induce abortion. The effect is due to the ability of the prostaglandins to cause uterine contractions. Intraamniotic hypertonic saline interrupts pregnancy by terminating the foetus and destroying the placenta. For many years we have had satifactory results with the latter method. However, it was considered that results might be improved by combining prostaglandin and hypertonic saline in a single therapeutic regime. In order to investigate the problem, 75 pregnant women of 13‐19 weeks gestation were divided into 3 groups. In group I abortion was induced by 20% saline given intra‐amniotically (max. 200 ml), in group II by 25 mg prostaglandin F2α and in group III by injecting both drugs simultaneously. The injection was never repeated. If abortion had not occurred within a time limit of 48 hours an oxytocin drip (120 MU/min) was given. If abortion had stiil not taken place within 24 hours after setting up the oxytocin drip the case was classified as unsuccessful. In the saline group 52% had an abortion within 48 hours and 72% within 72 hours after the intraamniotic injection, the average being 45,6 hours. In the prostaglandin group the corresponding figures were 68% and 92% and the average time from injection to abortion being 37,2 hours. In the combination treatment group the figures were 96% and 100% with the average time of 20,3 hours. The frequency of side effects and complications were low and equal in the three groups. Only the frequency of vomiting was different. In group I: nii, in group II: one case, and in group III: three cases. No episodes of diarrhoea was observed.
PROSTAGLANDIN INDUCTION OF MIDTRIMESTER ABORTIONS: THREE YEARS' EXPERIENCE OF 626 CASES
Authors: Kajanoja P. , Jungner G. , Seppälä M. , Karjalainen O. , Widholm O.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In the first part of the survey 424 midtrimester abortion inductions with 11 different regimes of treatment were analyzed according to PG dose, PG type (PGF2α or PGE2), the route of administration (intravenous, extra‐amniotic, and intra‐amniotic), and the dose of concomitant intravenous oxytocin. Intraamniotic PG was given as a single injection, and the dose was repeated after 24 hours, if the abortion was not imminent. The highest efficacy, a 90% success rate within 24 hours and a 100% rate in 48 hours, as well as the shortest induction‐abortion interval were achieved with the intra‐amniotic administration of 50 mg of PGF2α either alone or with supplementary oxytocin, or with the intra‐amniotic 10 mg PGE2 plus oxytocin.

In the latter part of the survey 202 prostaglandin inductions were carried out as a clinical routine. Forty or 50 mg of PGF2α was given intra‐amniotically, and supplementary oxytocin infusion was commenced on the basis of individual judgment. The success rates were somewhat lower and the abortion times longer than in the inductions which were carried out by the research team. Side efects were usually slight and well tolerated. Cervival ruptures (nine cases) and profuse bleeding requiring blood transfusion (19 cases) were the most serious complications. All patients with a cervical rupture were primigravidas induced with intraamniotic PGF2α; a supplementary oxytocin infusion was given to eight of them.
Isolation and Identification of Corynebacterium Vaginale (Haemophilus Vaginalis) in Women with Infections of the Lower Genital Tract
Authors: Åkerlund Mats , Mårdh Per‐Anders
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The occurrence of Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis) and other micro‐organisms in the cervix of healthy women and women with lower genital tract infections (LGTI) was studied. C. vaginale was isolated from 31.4% of 70 patients with LGTI, but not from any of 28 healthy controls. In 5.7% of the patients with LGTI, C. vaginale was the only organism recovered from the cervix. In the patients with LGTI the symptoms and signs did not vary with the presence or absence of C. vaginale. LGTI with C. vaginale could not be diagnosed with certainty from findings in wet mounts, Gram or Papanicolaou stained smears. C. vaginale was not isolated from any of the women in whom the vaginal smears revealed a flora with a predominance of bacilli morphologically of Ddderlein's type. The study also included evaluation of methods for isolating and identifying C. vaginale. In vitro C. vaginale was sensitive to all antibiotics tested with the exception of sulphonamides.
Lumbar Epidural Analgesia in Labour
Authors: Thalme B. , Raabe N. , Belfrage P.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Thirty‐three full‐term nulliparae and their babies were studied. Twenty‐one received lumbar epidural analgesia with bupivacaine (Marcain‐adrenalin®) and twelve conventional obstetrical analgesia with meperidine (Petidin®), chlorpromazine (Hibernal®), nitrous oxide and a pudendal nerve block with prilocaine (Citanest®). Glucose, lactate, potassium, sodium, chloride, total protein, haemoglobin and haematocrit were determined in fetal and maternal blood during labour and in neonatal blood after birth. This study revealed a high level of plasma sodium in scalp blood of both ‘epidural’ and ‘control’ series probably related to water loss during labour. Furthermore, administration of epidural analgesia to women in labour resulted in lower lactate concentrations in these women and their babies compared with those receiving conventional obstetric analgesia.
Laparoscopy Versus Culdoscopy in the Investigation of Infertility
Authors: Fredricsson Bengt
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Some advantages and disadvantages of laparo‐scopy and culdoscopy are illustrated in a study on 174 infertile women divided into three groups. The three groups were similar in relation to age, number of previous pregnancies and duration of infertility. The first group comprises 52 women who underwent culdoscopy, the second 49 women who underwent laparoscopy. Unexpectedly, more cases of endometriosis were found in the culdoscopy group, whereas adhesions were more frequent in the laparoscopy group. This was interpreted to be due to unawareness of the fact that endometriosis is more often situated in the lower pelvis whereas adhesions may be found also in the upper pelvis. The third group of cases comprises 73 laparoscopies undertaken after reaching the above conclusions. Consequently the ovaries were examined with more care than before and endometriosis was diagnosed more frequently. These findings should remind the laparoscopist that endometriosis is more often present in the underside of the ovary.
Ultrastructural Signs of An Interference in the Carbohydrate Metabolism of Human Endometrium Produced by the Intrauterine Copper‐T Device
Authors: Nilsson O. , Hagenfeldt Kerstin , Johannisson Elisabeth
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Biopsies were obtained from 4 women on cycle days 10–12 and 20–23 before the insertion of a copper‐T device and on the same stages several times during one year with the device in place. Further control biopsies were obtained on the same cycle days from 3 women having a Tatum‐T device without copper. The biopsies were processed for light and electron microscopy of both glandular and luminal uterine epithelium. The copper‐influenced endometria differed from the controls by lacking light areas in the cytoplasm. The light areas are associated with carbohydrate metabolism and their lacking might indicate an impaired degradation of glycogen. Thus, the secretory activity of the epithelium can be faulty resulting in an interference in the viability of the blastocyst.
Adrenocortical Function of Patients Using Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Kauppila A. , Järvinen P. A. , Ylöstalo P. , Reinilä M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The effects of different oral contraceptives on adrenocortical function were investigated by assaying photofluorimetrically the 11‐OHCS content of the plasma during synthetic ACTH (Homactid®) test. The series consisted of 43 women, 27 of whom were taking combined or sequential contraceptives, and 8 low‐gestagen pills. The remaining 8 patients acted as controls. The plasma 11‐OHCS level in the low‐gestagen group was the same as that in the control group both before and during the test. The combined type contraceptive pills containing estrogen and gestagen had an elevating effect on the 11‐OHCS level of the plasma. The 11‐OHCS level in these groups was significantly higher both before and during the ACTH test than the corresponding level in the control group. The difference is assumed to be due to the increased transcorting content of the plasma and to the increased biological half‐life of cortisol induced by estrogen.
The “Pregnancy Zone” Protein and Abortion
Authors: Beckman G. , Beckman L. , Magnusson S. S. , von Schoultz B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The occurrence of the “pregnancy zone” protein was studied in the sera of 82 women with incomplete abortion and 272 women with apparently normal pregnancies undergoing induced abortion. In normal pregnancies the frequency of women showing the “pregnancy zone” protein increased from about 25% in gestation weeks 7–8 and to 88% in gestation weeks 17–18. In sera from women with incomplete abortion the “pregnancy zone” protein was found in a frequency of only 8–9% in gestation weeks 9–12. The results suggest that during pregnancy normal development of the ovum is necessary for the induction of the “pregnancy zone” protein. It is probable that women lacking this protein in gestation weeks 9–12 run a considerably higher risk of abortion than those who have developed this protein.
Chromosome Analysis of Fetuses in Risk Pregnancies
Authors: Philip John , Bang Jens , Hahnemann Niels , Mikkelsen Margareta , Niebuhr Erik , Rebbe Heinrich , Weber Jan
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In three centers in Copenhagen prenatal chromosome analysis has been carried out on 93 fetuses. Forty patients had earlier born a child with Down's syndrome. One had a 47, XY,+D trisomy fetus. Twenty were 40 years of age or more. Two fetuses in this group had 47, XY,+21 trisomy and one patient had a spontaneous abortion, which was found to have the same constitution. in four of five pregnancies with familial translocations the fetus was a translocation heterozygote. in five cases with relatives affected with Down's syndrome, in seven where the mother had earlier born a child with a chromosome anomaly not being +21 trisomy and in seven at risk of various inborn errors of metabolism, the fetuses were normal with regard to the chromosome constitution. Seven of nine cases, which were at risk of having an X‐linked disease, were males. Five of these were therepeutic aborted, one denied abortion and had an affected male child. One male fetus had a haemophilic father and the family did not want another carrier female.
Determination of the Diurnal Excretion of Oestriol From Single Voided Urine Specimens and Night Urines, Time and Creatininium Correlated
Authors: Alling Møller K. J. , Hebjørn M. , Hemmingsen L.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. An investigation has been carried out to assess the accuracy by which the diurnal urinary excretion of oestriol (dU‐oestriol) in pregnant women can be estimated from urine specimens collected in periods less than 24 hours. Night urines (9 h) are not recommended as a substitute for diurnal urines (24 h). Even correlation of the oestriol output from the night urines with the output of creatininium gives day by day variations which are significantly greater than the corresponding variations of the diurnal urines. in cases where the collection of a correct diurnal urine specimen (24 h) is difficult to obtain and it is important to get a quick answer it is recommended to use a single voided urine specimen and to calculate the diurnal excretion of oestriol by means of the creatininium output.
Genetic Counselling in Myopathies of Childhood
Authors: Tygstrup I. , Plum P.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The case history of two patients with myopathy, histologically diagnosed as myositis is reported. in both cases the physical signs, the course and later recognized familial cases gave the diagnosis progressive muscular dystrophy. in one case abortion was undertaken on medical, not on eugenic indication, and in the other a genetic counselling, based on the histologic diagnosis, led to the birth of a child who later developed clinical dystrophy. the histological criteria of polymyositis are discussed, and it is concluded that the histologic evaluation must be included in the overall diagnostic considerations, but should not be ascribed final importance.
The Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Gonadal and Adrenal Cortical Function in Adult Women with Down'S Syndrome
Authors: Bock Johannes E.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The hypothesis that low urinary oestriol excretion in pregnancies with fetal Down's syndrome is caused by functionel defects in the fetal hypothalamus, pituitary or adrenal cortex (10) gave rise to investigation of four women with Down's syndrome in order to detect a persistence into adulthood of the possible disturbancies in the function of these endocrine organs. During one menstruel cycle the FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone levels in plasma had a normal course, indicating ovulation and formation of a corpus luteum. the serum levels and urinary excretion of corticosteroids and their metabolites were also found normal. the investigation does not support any hypothesis of congenital functional defects in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal system or the adrenal cortical function.
Estimation of »Total‐Oestrogens»
Authors: Fahmy Nibal , Frandsen V. Aasted
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A critical evaluation of the fluorimetric method for the estimation of »total‐oestrogen» in urine described by Brown et al. (4) is presented. Based upon comparison between the resuits obtained through this method with 1) results obtained in other laboratories using the same method, 2) results obtained using a method of high reliability and 3) results using a semiquantitative bioassay it is concluded that the fluorimetric method is of sufficient reliability.
The Effect of Intravenous Synthetic Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (Lhrh) in Infertile Women with Anovulation
Authors: Pedersen P. Hjortkjær , Larsen J. Falck , Micic S. , Roos J. , Sele V.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Intravenous injection of 25 μg synthetic LH‐releasing hormone (LHRH) was followed by a marked increase in serum‐LH in ten out of twelve infertile women with lack of ovulation. a less pronounced increase in serum‐FSH was recorded. the sensitivity to LHRH seems to be influenced by exo‐genouos genuine oestrogens. No correlation was found between the oestrogen level and the LH‐response. in two patients the LH‐release was suppressed by oestrogens. in one patient 1/2 mg oestradiol daily seems to increase the sensitivity considerably. Five patients received a single injection of LHRH after pretreatment with Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG). One of these patients developed an overstimulation syndrome and ovulated in two series. None of the other patients had ovulation after a single injection of LHRH. Besides the overstimulation syndrome no side‐effects were observed. Three patients received intravenous infusion with 50 μg LHRH. Two of these patients showed signs of ovulation. Two patients were treated with 25 μg LHRH daily during treatment with HMG, and the LH‐release was largest before the start of the treatment and when the urinary excretion of oestrogen increased. None of the patients became pregnant.
The Relationship Between Uterine Volume, Plasma Progesterone and Intrauterine Pressure
Authors: Pulkkinen M. O. , Liukko P. , Rauramo L. , Willman K.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In a group of 8 midtrimester pregnant patients, the uterine volume (V) had been increased by the intra‐amniotic instillation of 350 ml Macrodex and the changes in plasma progesterone (P) and intrauterine pressure (IUP) had been measured. In 2 of these 8 women the study was discontinued because of the early rupture of the fetal membranes. In 4 patients the P levels decreased slightly and IUP increased, culminating in abortion. In 2 patients the P levels increased distinctly, the IUP remained unchanged and pregnancy continued undisturbed. These findings support Csapo's conclusion that the ratio V/P controls IUP and thus the fate of pregnancy.
Gonadotrophin Response to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor (LRF) in Puerperal Women
Authors: Nakano Ryosuke , Kayashima Fumiko , Mori Akira , Kotsuji Fumikazu , Hashiba Nobuyuki , Tojo Shimpei
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) was administered intravenously in a dose of 200 μg to twenty normal lactating puerperal women and serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) response to LRF was measured by double antibody radio‐immunoassay. Synthetic LRF failed to stimulate FSH secretion in all the eight volunteers in the 1st postpartum week. About half of the six subjects in the 3rd postpartum week responsed to LRF with a rise of serum FSH and LH. All the six lactating women in the 5th postpartum week were responsive to LRF and there was a concomitant rise in serum FSH and LH. These results suggest that gonadotrophic activity of the anterior pituitary is suppressed by an unknown mechanism during the first few weeks of puerperium and gonado‐trophin reserve function recovers completely around the 5th postpartum week. Thus, it might be assumed that puerperal anovulation or amenorrhoea is due to hypo‐thalamic‐pituitary dysfunction during the first few postpartum weeks and due to hypothalamic disorders after the 5th postpartum week.
Calf Blood Flow and Venous Capacity During Late Pregnancy in Women with Varices
Authors: Sandström Bo , Bjerle Per
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Venous volume, capillary filtration rate and blood flow were determined by plethysmographic methods in the legs of three different groups of women. Groups I and II consisted of women in late pregnancy with and without varices of the legs. Group III consisted of nonpregnant, nulliparous women. Venous volume, with correction for the capillary filtration, is markedly larger in the pregnant group with varices (Group I) than in the two other groups (Groups II and III). Resting blood flow is markedly larger in Group I than in Group II and slightly larger in Group I than in Group III. Also peak blood flow is larger in Group I than in Group II. No significant differences are found in capillary filtration rate. In Groups II and III there is a significant positive correlation between the venous volume and the resting blood flow and peak blood flow. Such a correlation does not exist in the varix group (Group I). The results supports the theory by Haeger (7) that in pregnant women arterio‐venous anastomoses contribute to the development of varicose veins.
Thoracopagus Twins
Authors: Øvlisen Bjarni , Hønger Paul Erik , Højgaard Nielsen Nils
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A case of thoracopagus twins delivered vaginally is reported. The diagnosis was made when obstruction to delivery was encountered in second stage of labour. The monster was a breech presentation. After perforation of the cervical spine of the first twin extraction was easily performed, and a stillborn female thoracopagus was delivered by the vaginal route. The weight was 3 850 grams. A detailed autopsy is described.
Endocrine Changes Before and After the Menarche
Authors: Widholm O. , Kantero R.‐L. , Axelson E. , Johansson E. D. B. , Wide L.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Serum and urine samples from 148 healthy female children and adults were studied, ranging from girls with a bone age of 8 years to adulthood. All samples from menstruating girls were obtained between the 7th and 10th days of the menstrual cycle. The blood sample was taken on the same day as the collection of 24‐hour urine sample was completed. The purpose of the study was to investigate the endocrine processes with as many parameters as possible, before and after the menarche. In assessing the results account was taken of the bone age, the gynecological age, and Tanner's puberty classification into 5 groups. Our results show that a girl's sexual and endocrine development had begun before she reached a bone age of 8 years. In the present series the FSH level at the age of 8 equalled a low adult follicular phase level, 1.12 ng/ml, and by the menarche it had increased to 1.84 ng/ml. In the lowest age group of the present series, 8 years, the mean LH level was 0.70 ng/ml, and increased until at the menarche it was 1.19 ng/ml. The initial value for total urinary estrogens at the age of 8 was 4.63 μg/24 h and increased until at the menarche it was 10.20 μg/24 h. From this level the estrogen excretion continued to increase for another 3 years, until at the age of about 16 years it reached an adult level of about 17 μg/24 h. According to this study the menarche seems to be followed by a “steady phase” of some 18–24 months in hormone excretion, with practically all hormone values remaining constant. Hormone excretion in girls around the age of puberty seems to show a slow, almost linear increase, without any remarkable peaks before the menarche, and the endocrine maturation seems to continue up till 5 years after the menarche.
Detection of Fetal Heart Activity During Early Pregnancy by Combined B‐Scan and Doppler Examination: A New Application
Authors: Piiroinen Olli
Published: December 2009

Abstract. 99 pregnant women, 5 to 11 weeks, were examined by a combined ultrasonic B‐scan and Doppler method to detect fetal heart activity. The fetus was localized accurately by B‐scanning and the heart activity was detected through the mother's abdominal wall with 100% certainty at eight weeks of pregnancy (menstrual age). The earliest fetal heart activity detected was in a pregnancy which dated 44 days from the last menstrual period. Positive findings were recorded on tape and photographed from the oscilloscope screen.
Fetal Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia. Report of a Case Documented by Trans‐Vaginal Electrocardiogram During Fetal Distress in Labour
Authors: Carretti Nicola G. , Galli Paolo A. , Pellegrino Pierandrea
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A case is reported of fetal paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia detected during fetal distress. The trans‐vaginal technique was used for the electrocardiographic recording. Fetal distress was demonstrated by measuring fetal blood pH taken from the scalp and umbilical cord. During a 2‐hour recording, before caesarean section was performed, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia of 300 b/min and atrial fibrillation were observed. The ECG of the infant was completely normal 8 hours after birth.
ABSORPTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRON DURING PREGNANCY‐A LONGITUDINAL STUDY WITH REPEATED BONE‐MARROW STUDIES AND ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Svanberg Bernhard , Arvidsson Bertil , Norrby Anders , Rybo Göran , Sölvell Lennart
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Iron absorption, bone‐marrow smears and haematological parameters were repeatedly studied during pregnancy in 50 women. The same studies were repeated two months after delivery. The material was randomly divided into two groups. Twenty‐four women were treated with 200 mg of ferrous iron daily while 26 were given placebo. The iron absorption was measured from radioiron‐labelled test doses of 100 mg ferrous iron in a whole‐body counter with high sensitivity.

In the placebo group the iron absorption increased throughout pregnancy from an average of 6.5 % at the 12th week to 14.3 % at the 35th week of gestation. Two months after delivery the absorption was higher than initially. In the iron‐treated group the absorption increased between the 24th and 35th week of gestation from 6.0 to 8.6 %. After delivery 5.5 % of the test dose was absorbed.

The haemosiderin iron in the bone‐marrow was mobilized during pregnancy. In the placebo group no woman had more than trace of haemosiderin in the bone‐marrow smears at the 35th week of gestation. In the iron‐treated group 65 % had the same bone‐marrow findings. The amount of bone‐marrow haemosiderin at term seems not to have the same significance for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in pregnancy as in non‐pregnant subjects. Two months after delivery about 50 % of the women in the placebo group had restored their iron depots. In the iron‐group the haemosiderin content in the bone‐marrow smears was enhanced in most women compared to early pregnancy. In the placebo group haematoLogical data indicated a high frequency of iron deficiency in late pregnancy while in the iron‐treated group iron deficiency was prevented.
Treatment of Imminent Premature Labour
Authors: Castrén Olli , Gummerus Martti , Saarikoski Seppo
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In this study, 194 imminent premature deliveries were treated. The pregnancies were in the 28th to 36th week. Uterine contractions were demonstrable in all patients and amniotic membranes were intact. All patients were treated with bedrest. Two betasympathomimetics were used in a double‐blind study: Nylidrin hydrochloride (43 cases) and Isoxuprine hydrochloride (60 cases). A placebo was given to 41 patients, and ethyl alcohol to 50 patients. Intravenous and intramuscular treatment given in the hospital was continued with oral administration' at home, and follow‐up examinations were repeated at short intervals. Taking a minimum birth weight of 2 500 g as the criteria of successful treatment, the success rate in the placebo group was 71%, in the Nylidrin hydrochloride group 86%, the Isoxuprine hydrochloride group 75% and the alcohol group 70%. When premature delivery was postponed 7 days, the pregnancy advanced, to the 37th week or later in 73, 77, 62 and 56% in their respective groups. The betasympathomimetics, especially the Nylidrin hydrochloride, were in every respect more efficient than placebo or alcohol. The therapeutic effect of alcohol was no better than that obtained with placebo. From the fetal point of view, the drugs used in the present study showed no adverse effects.
Outcome of Term Breech Delivery in Primigravidae. A Feto Pelvic Breech Index
Authors: Ohlsén Hans
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Analysis of 340 term breech presentations in primigravidas showed a corrected perinatal mortality of 1.5%; the elective cesarean section rate was 15%. The incidence of complicated labour, defined in the study, was analyzed with regard to different parameters, e.g. X‐ray pelvimetry data in all 340 cases. Complicated labour in vaginal deliveries markedly increased with increasing fetal weight (p>0.001) and decreasing pelvic capacity (p>0.001). In each case the fetal weight and smallest pelvimetry data were given score points and the sum of these was called the Feto Pelvic Breech Index, which was correlated to the incidence of complicated labour. By using this index the mortality and morbidity probably can be markedly reduced without the routine use of elective cesarean section. The prognostic methods available to detect feto‐pelvic disproportion are discussed.