bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT USERS’ SATISFACTION USING QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT: BELGRADE CASE STUDY
Authors: Bajčetić Stanko , Tica Slaven , Živanović Predrag , Milovanović Branko , Đorojević Andrea
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a case study using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method to identify urban public transport users’ needs and requests and to improve service quality in urban public passenger transport in Belgrade. In order to determine users’ satisfaction, a direct interview – survey a sample of 15000 of urban public passenger transport system users, according to the defined questionnaire has been performed. Results of these interviews are used as input in the first stage of QFD method. An overall unit of eight features and a total of 48 sub-features were defined, which describes all aspects of quality of system and services in urban public passenger transport. The results show that for maximizing effects of quality of service improvement and satisfying customers’ requirements, the public transport service providers and managers in Belgrade should focus primarily on the service reliability and vehicle elements. The two most important quality of service sub-features in urban public passenger transport system in Belgrade based on frequency of statements of users was regularity with 4896 (32.64%) and vehicle comfort (not crowded vehicles) with 3446 (22.97%) statements. Based on the service features analysis within the house of quality, it was defined that the biggest influence is generated through system functioning parameters (reliability): frequency with relative importance 22.0%, staff (drivers) with relative importance 14.0% and headway with relative importance 13.0%. Based on absolute importance the greatest importance should be assigned to vehicle frequency – rank 1, staff (drivers) – rank 2 and headway – rank 3.
Bright Network, UVA, and the Physical Modeling of Solar Spectral and Total Irradiance in Recent Solar Cycles
Authors: Fontenla J. M. , Landi E.
Published: July 2018

In this paper we study the total solar irradiance (TSI) and the spectral solar irradiance (SSI) by applying the solar disk image decomposition algorithm (SDIDA) and solar irradiance synthesis algorithm (SISA) methods. These methods were applied to space-based observations in previous works, but in this work, they are applied to ground-based observations from various observatories, which allows for a long-term determination of TSI and SSI. We discuss the results of the SDIDA and SISA methods for the areas of solar features and the synthesized TSI and SSI. We find that SDIDA decompositions based on Ca ii K line images from various sources are all in good agreement between them and with previous space results when cross-calibration is performed, and consequently yield essentially the same TSI and SSI when SISA is applied. This paper shows the synthesized TSI and SSI, as well as the contributions from various feature types, during the recent solar cycles 23 and 24 and suggest further work can provide historical extended coverage using archival ground-based observations. The results demonstrate the presence of a significant variable bright network contribution during the cycle maximum, and of a reduced one at solar minimum, and that such a presence and variability affect both the SSI and TSI. We also find that all activity features are loosely correlated over solar cycle variations, but this correlation is nonlinear, and we show differences between cycles 23 and 24. Furthermore, we find that the SISA method can be successfully applied to determine the TSI and SSI for any particular state of the solar disk, and that the results depend not only on the total areas on the disk for each feature, but also on the relative distances from disk center of the active region features.
Near-infrared Spectral Evolution of the Type Ia Supernova 2014J in the Nebular Phase: Implications for the Progenitor System
Authors: Diamond T. R. , Hoeflich P. , Hsiao E. Y. , Sand D. J. , Sonneborn G. , Phillips M. M. , Hristov B. , Collins D. C. , Ashall C. , Marion G. H. , Stritzinger M. , Morrell N. , Gerardy C. L. , Penney R. B.
Published: July 2018

As the closest Type Ia supernova in decades, SN 2014J provides a unique opportunity for detailed investigation into observational signatures of the progenitor system, explosion mechanism, and burning product distribution. We present a late-time near-infrared spectral series from Gemini-N at

after the explosion. Following the H-band evolution probes the distribution of radioactive iron group elements, the extent of mixing, and the presence of magnetic fields in the expanding ejecta. Comparing the isolated 1.6440 μm [Fe ii] emission line with synthetic models shows consistency with a Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf of

undergoing a delayed detonation. The ratio of the flux in the neighboring

emission feature to the flux in the

feature shows evidence of some limited mixing of stable and radioactive iron group elements in the central regions. Additionally, the evolution of the

line shows an intriguing asymmetry. When measuring line width of this feature, the data show an increase in line width not seen in the evolution of the synthetic spectra, corresponding to ≈1000 km s−1, which could be caused by a localized transition to detonation producing asymmetric ionization in the ejecta. Using the difference in width between the different epochs, an asymmetric component in the central regions, corresponding to approximately the inner 2 × 10−4 of white dwarf mass suggests an off-center ignition of the initial explosion and hence of the kinematic center from the chemical center. Several additional models investigated, including a

detonation and a merger, have difficulty reproducing the features seen in these spectra.
Planet Formation in Highly Inclined Binary Systems. II. Orbital Alignment and Planet Growth Boost in Intermediate Separation Binaries
Authors: Zhang Yapeng , Li Qingqin , Xie Ji-Wei , Zhou Ji-Lin , Liu Hui-Gen , Zhang Hui
Published: July 2018

Stars are commonly formed in binary systems, which provide a natural laboratory for studying planet formation in extreme conditions. In our first paper (Paper I) of a series, we have shown that the intermediate stage—from planetesimals to planetary embryos/cores—of planet formation can proceed even in highly inclined binaries. Following Paper I, here we numerically study the late stage of terrestrial planet formation, i.e., from embryos to full planets, in binary systems of various orbital configurations. We identify an orbital alignment effect; namely, although an inclined binary generally misaligns the planetary orbits with respect to the spin axis of the primary host star (i.e., causing large obliquity), it could align the planetary orbits with respect to the binary orbit. Such an orbital alignment effect is caused by the combination of orbital differential precession and self-damping, and it is mostly significant in cases of intermediate binary separations, i.e., a

B
 ∼ 40–200 au for planet formation around 1 au from the primary stars. In such intermediate separation binaries, somewhat contrary to intuition, the binary companion can aid planet growth by having increased the rate of collisions, forming significantly more massive but fewer planets. On the other two ends, the companion is either too close, and thus plays a violently disruptive role, or too wide to have a significant effect on planet formation. Future observations that can discover more planet-bearing binary star systems and constrain their masses and 3D orbital motions will test our numerical findings.
Numerical General Relativistic MHD with Magnetically Polarized Matter
Authors: Pimentel Oscar M. , Lora-Clavijo F. D. , González Guillermo A.
Published: July 2018

Magnetically polarized matter in astrophysical systems may be relevant in some magnetically dominated regions, for instance, in the funnel that is generated in some highly magnetized disk configurations where relativistic jets are thought to spread, or in pulsars where the fluids are subject to very intense magnetic fields. With the aim of dealing with magnetic media in the astrophysical context, we present for the first time the conservative form of the ideal general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) equations with a non-zero magnetic polarization vector m

μ
. Then, we follow the Anile method to compute the eigenvalue structure in the case where the magnetic polarization is parallel to the magnetic field, and it is parameterized by the magnetic susceptibility χ

m
. This approximation allows us to describe diamagnetic fluids, for which χ

m
 < 0, and paramagnetic fluids, for which χ

m
 > 0. The theoretical results were implemented in the CAFE code to study the role of magnetic polarization in several one-dimensional Riemann problems. We found that independent of the initial condition, the first waves that appear in the numerical solutions are faster in diamagnetic materials than in paramagnetic ones. Moreover, the constant states between the waves change notably for different magnetic susceptibilities. All of these effects are more appreciable if the magnetic pressure is much higher than the fluid pressure. Additionally, with the aim of analyzing magnetic media in a strong gravitational field, we carry out for the first time a test of the magnetized Michel accretion of a magnetically polarized fluid. With this test, we found that the numerical solution is effectively maintained over time (t > 4000), and that the global convergence of the code is ≳2 for χ

m
 ≲ 0.005 for all magnetic field strengths β we considered. Finally, when χ

m
 = 0.008 and β ≥ 10, the global convergence of the code is reduced to a value between the first and second orders.
A Long-lived Remnant Neutron Star after GW170817 Inferred from Its Associated Kilonova
Authors: Yu Yun-Wei , Liu Liang-Duan , Dai Zi-Gao
Published: July 2018

The successful joint observation of the gravitational wave (GW) event GW170817 and its multiwavelength electromagnetic counterparts enabled us to witness a definite merger event of two neutron stars (NSs) for the first time. This historical event confirms the origin of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and, in particular, identifies the theoretically predicted kilonova phenomenon that is powered by radioactive decays of r-process heavy elements. However, whether or not a long-lived remnant NS could be formed during this merger event remains unknown; though, such a central engine has been suggested by afterglow observations of some short-duration GRBs. By invoking this long-lived remnant NS, we propose a model of hybrid energy sources for the kilonova AT 2017gfo associated with GW170817. While the early emission of AT 2017gfo is still powered radioactively, as is usually suggested, its late emission is primarily caused by delayed energy injection from the remnant NS. In our model, only one single opacity is required and an intermediate value of κ ≃ 0.97 cm2 g−1 is revealed, which could be naturally provided by lanthanide-rich ejecta that are deeply ionized by the emission from a wind of the NS. These self-consistent results indicate that a long-lived remnant NS, which must have a very stiff equation of state, was formed during the merger event of GW170817. This provides a very stringent constraint on the strong interaction in nuclear-quark matter. It is further implied that such GW events could provide a probe of the early spin and magnetic evolutions of NSs, e.g., the burying of surface magnetic fields.
Critical Magnetic Field Strengths for Solar Coronal Plumes in Quiet Regions and Coronal Holes?
Authors: Avallone Ellis A. , Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Moore Ronald L. , Winebarger Amy
Published: July 2018

Coronal plumes are bright magnetic funnels found in quiet regions (QRs) and coronal holes (CHs). They extend high into the solar corona and last from hours to days. The heating processes of plumes involve dynamics of the magnetic field at their base, but the processes themselves remain mysterious. Recent observations suggest that plume heating is a consequence of magnetic flux cancellation and/or convergence at the plume base. These studies suggest that the base flux in plumes is of mixed polarity, either obvious or hidden in Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/HMI data, but do not quantify it. To investigate the magnetic origins of plume heating, we select 10 unipolar network flux concentrations, four in CHs, four in QRs, and two that do not form a plume, and track plume luminosity in SDO/AIA 171 Å images along with the base flux in SDO/HMI magnetograms, over each flux concentration’s lifetime. We find that plume heating is triggered when convergence of the base flux surpasses a field strength of ∼200–600 G. The luminosity of both QR and CH plumes respond similarly to the field in the plume base, suggesting that the two have a common formation mechanism. Our examples of non-plume-forming flux concentrations, reaching field strengths of 200 G for a similar number of pixels as for a couple of our plumes, suggest that a critical field might be necessary to form a plume but is not sufficient for it, thus advocating for other mechanisms, e.g., flux cancellation due to hidden opposite-polarity field, at play.
The IBEX Ribbon and the Thickness of the Inner Heliosheath
Authors: Fuselier S. A. , Dayeh M. A. , Möbius E.
Published: July 2018

The dominant feature in global images of 1 keV heliospheric energetic neutral atom (ENA) emissions is the Interstellar Boundary Explorer Ribbon. Several mechanisms have been proposed for creating the Ribbon, including the so-called secondary ENA mechanism. Neutral solar wind that is generated inside the heliosphere through charge exchange with interstellar gas penetrates unimpeded into the outer heliosheath. Pickup ions are generated there, followed by a third charge exchange that forms 1 keV neutrals, which re-enter the heliosphere. The Ribbon is also observed at other energies, up to 6 keV and down to 0.2 keV, and thus far there has been little consideration of their sources. In the secondary ENA process, 0.2 keV ENAs originate from 0.2 keV ions in the inner heliosheath. Thus, the ratio of the Ribbon ENA flux at 0.2 and at 1 keV provides information on the sources of the original ion populations and ultimately on the relative sizes of the heliosphere and inner heliosheath. A simple one-dimensional model is constructed and a data-model comparison demonstrates how the different source regions of the Ribbon are exploited to estimate the thickness of the inner heliosheath in the direction of the Ribbon.
Two-sided-loop Jets Associated with Magnetic Reconnection between Emerging Loops and Twisted Filament Threads
Authors: Zheng Ruisheng , Chen Yao , Huang Zhenghua , Wang Bing , Song Hongqiang , Ning Hao
Published: July 2018

Coronal jets are always produced by magnetic reconnection between emerging flux and pre-existing overlying magnetic fields. When the overlying field is vertical/oblique or horizontal, the coronal jet will appear as anemone type or two-sided-loop type. Most observational jets are of the anemone type, and only a few two-sided-loop jets have been reported. Using the high-quality data from New Vacuum Solar Telescope, Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, and Solar Dynamics Observatory, we present an example of two-sided-loop jets simultaneously observed in the chromosphere, transition region, and corona. The continuous emergence of magnetic flux brought in successively, the emergence of coronal loops and the slow rise of overlying horizontal filament threads. The following occurred sequentially: the deformation of the loops, the plasmoid ejection from the loop top, and pairs of loop brightenings and jets moving along the untwisting filament threads. All of the observational results indicate that magnetic reconnection exists between the emerging loops and the overlying horizontal filament threads, and it is the first example of two-sided-loop jets associated with ejected plasmoids and twisted overlying fields.
Homologous Large-amplitude Nonlinear Fast-mode Magnetosonic Waves Driven by Recurrent Coronal Jets
Authors: Shen Yuandeng , Liu Yu , Liu Ying D. , Su Jiangtao , Tang Zehao , Miao Yuhu
Published: July 2018

The detailed observational analysis of a homologous extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave event is presented to study the driving mechanism and the physical property of the EUV waves, combining high-resolution data taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory. It is observed that four homologous EUV waves originated from the same active region AR11476 within about one hour, and the time separations between consecutive waves were of 8–20 minutes. The waves showed narrow arc-shaped wavefronts and propagated in the same direction along a large-scale transequatorial loop system at a speed of 648–712 km s−1 and a deceleration of 0.985–1.219 km s−2. The EUV waves were accompanied by weak flares, coronal jets, and radio type III bursts, in which the EUV waves were delayed with respect to the start times of the radio type III bursts and coronal jets about 2–13 and 4–9 minutes, respectively. Unlike in previous studies of homologous EUV waves, no coronal mass ejections were found in the present event. Based on the observational results and the close temporal and spatial relationships between the EUV waves and the coronal jets, for the first time, we propose that the observed homologous EUV waves were large-amplitude nonlinear fast-mode magnetosonic waves or shocks driven by the associated recurrent coronal jets and that they resemble the generation mechanism of a piston shock in a tube. In addition, it is found that the recurrent jets were tightly associated with the alternating flux cancellation and emergence in the eruption source region and radio type III bursts.
Editorial
Authors: Aguiar Claudinei Rodrigues de
Published: July 2018

Editorial
Otimização da extração sólido-líquido de compostos bioativos da casca de pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Alves Ana Carolina Bastos , Monteiro Luciana Beckman , Pompeu Darly Rodrigues
Published: July 2018

Os frutos de Hylocereus polyrhizus, também chamado de pitaya ou fruta do dragão, é uma fruta exótica e atrativa devido suas características sensoriais, aparência e coloração. Apresenta casca e polpa de coloração vermelha violácea, a qual é resultado da presença de um grupo de pigmentos chamados de betalaínas. Tanto as betalaínas quanto os outros compostos fenólicos contribuem para sua capacidade antioxidante. A casca da pitaya representa aproximadamente 20% da massa do fruto, o que gera um grande problema de descarte uma vez utilizada sua polpa. Entretanto, a casca da pitaya apresenta um grande potencial de aproveitamento para a extração de pigmentos, que apresentam comprovada capacidade antioxidante, a serem utilizados como corantes naturais na indústria de alimentos e cosmética. Então, neste trabalho apresenta-se a viabilidade da extração dos compostos bioativos (compostos fenólicos totais e betalaínas) da casca de pitaya (H. polyrhizus) através de planejamento fatorial do tipo 2k. Utilizou-se como variáveis independentes a proporção de ácido clorídrico (%), temperatura (ºC) e proporção de etanol (%). Os dados experimentais foram ajustados a um modelo linear de primeira ordem para descrever as variáveis resposta (concentração de compostos fenólicos totais e de betalaínas). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a concentração de ácido clorídrico, a temperatura e a interação entre o primeiro e a proporção de etanol tiveram efeitos significativos nos teores de compostos fenólicos totais (p < 0,05). Para a concentração de betalaínas somente a temperatura de extração apresentou efeito significativo (p < 0,05). O modelo proposto para as respostas apresentou R2 > 0,81.
Desafios epistemológicos da engenharia popular: o impacto da “arte da engenharia” no projeto técnico
Authors: Cruz Cristiano Cordeiro
Published: July 2018

Neste artigo, partindo da compreensão de que a tecnologia incorpora valores sociais e, nisso, conforma a sociedade em que é utilizada, será analisado parte do pré-requisito epistemológico da engenharia popular (EP). Com efeito, uma vez que toda solução técnica demanda conhecimentos produzidos pela ciência e pela engenharia, desenvolver soluções populares depende também da existência de conhecimentos capazes de subsidiá-la. Estaremos particularmente interessados em uma categoria específica de conhecimento engenheiril (ou produzido pela engenharia) necessária para o projeto técnico. Aquela que Walter Vincenti chama de instrumentalidades do projeto, e que, por encerrar elementos que a engenharia tem em comum com a arte, naquilo que os gregos chamavam de poiesis, será por nós chamada de arte da engenharia. O que se buscará fundamentar nesta reflexão de matiz filosófica é que, sem uma atenção adequada às ponderações aqui desenvolvidas, a EP corre o risco de perder parte do seu potencial popular e transformador, e mesmo de trair a parte de seus ideais.
Pourquoi les inégalités de patrimoine sont-elles mieux tolérées que d’autres ?
Authors: Forsé Michel , Frénod Alexandra , Guibet Lafaye Caroline
Published: July 2018

Les sondages, et notamment celui qui est étudié dans cet article, se succèdent pour montrer que les Français sont plus tolérants à l’égard des inégalités de patrimoine que vis-à-vis d’autres types d’inégalités, même lorsqu’elles sont aussi à caractère économique. Une enquête par entretiens semi-directifs auprès de trois générations de 35 lignées familiales (n = 105) a permis de mettre à jour trois logiques propres venant structurer les opinions sur la transmission patrimoniale : celle du libre agent, celle de l’égalité citoyenne et celle que l’on peut qualifier de familialiste. Quelle que soit cette logique, beaucoup d’interviewés soulignent aussi l’importance de la transmission culturelle et/ou affective. Il faut d’ailleurs noter que les membres d’une même lignée ont tendance à partager des opinions assez proches. Pour les niveaux plutôt faibles de patrimoine auxquels ils songent spontanément, ils manifestent une très forte aversion face à l’idée de taxer l’héritage, surtout s’il s’agit de la maison familiale. Pour des niveaux beaucoup plus élevés, une taxation importante n’est cette fois guère contestée.
Quels ingénieurs veut-on former aujourd’hui au Maroc ? Entre influences internationales et spécificités locales, un modèle en devenir
Authors: Gardelle Linda
Published: July 2018

Cet article porte sur la formation des ingénieurs au Maroc dans un contexte d’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur et d’injonctions très fortes à l’innovation. Est analysée la manière dont les offres curriculaires marocaines sont influencées par les modèles venus d’ailleurs et comment et avec quels débats elles sont reconfigurées. Les résultats d’enquêtes menées sur le terrain entre 2015 et 2018 révèlent qu’une tendance originale se développe au Maroc, qui vise à concevoir une innovation « située », tournée vers les défis particuliers marocains, et plus largement africains.
The Co-Occurrence of ADHD and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Wilens Timothy E. , Kaminski Tamar Arit
Published: July 2018

Investigating the connection between alcohol and substance use disorders (SUD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been of great interest due to the potential of improving outcomes for people with both diagnoses. A high risk for cigarette smoking and SUD exists in youth who grow up having ADHD. Conversely, high rates of ADHD are noted in SUD. Reasons for the excessive bidirectional overlap appear multifactorial, including neurobiological and psychosocial risk factors. Data suggest that medication treatment of ADHD reduces the subsequent onset of cigarette smoking, drug and alcohol misuse, and SUDs. Treatment of patients with co-occurring SUD and ADHD necessitates consideration of both disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy with the consideration of nonstimulant and sustained-release stimulant medication appears useful in these comorbid patients. Stimulant misuse and diversion needs to be considered in high-risk groups with ADHD, such as those with SUD.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2018;48(7):328–332.]
Nouvelles données anthracologiques de la Champagne (Marne, Grand-Est) entre le Mésolithique et le second âge du Fer et leur implication pour l'histoire du pin sylvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) dans la région entre le début et le milieu de l’Holocène
Authors: Bellavia Valentina , Doyen Élise , Wiethold Julian
Published: July 2018

Les résultats des analyses anthracologiques
effectuées sur cinq sites archéologiques dans la Marne (région
Grand-Est, France), fouillés entre 2011 et 2014 par l’Institut
national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), sont
présentés dans cet article. Il s’agit en grande partie de charbons de
bois issus de structures archéologiques en creux telles que des silos,
des fosses ou des puits, datés du Mésolithique à La Tène. L’analyse
microscopique des charbons de bois a permis de déterminer que les
essences exploitées par l’homme surtout comme combustible, étaient
essentiellement du pin et du chêne à feuillage caduc. Les résultats
anthracologiques obtenus ont révélé une présence importante de
charbons de Pinus sp./Pinus
type sylvestris. Le pin est le taxon
dominant au Mésolithique. Au Néolithique ancien, les pourcentages de
pin diminuent au profit de la chênaie mixte. Entre le Néolithique
moyen et le Bronze final, le pin est à nouveau l’espèce dominante
avant une nouvelle diminution durant le premier âge du Fer ; cette
baisse correspond à une nouvelle augmentation des chênes à feuillage
caduc et des autres composantes de la forêt mixte caducifoliée et
d’espèces de lisière. Enfin, le pin est encore le taxon dominant
jusqu’à La Tène finale (LT D). La persistance du pin dans la
composition des massifs forestiers semble être une particularité
régionale, car dans la plupart des autres régions, il a tendance à
fortement régresser dès le Préboréal (vers 8 600 av. J.-C.) au profit
des feuillus. Une comparaison des données anthracologiques avec des
données palynologiques acquises dans la région, nous aide à mieux
éclairer cette question concernant la persistance du pin sylvestre en
Champagne durant la Pré- et la Protohistoire et enrichit le débat
concernant son possible indigénat.
40 ans d’archéobotanique en France (1977-2017)
Authors: Leroyer Chantal , Marguerie Dominique , Zech-Matterne Véronique
Published: July 2018

Les interactions que les communautés humaines
entretiennent avec le monde végétal, depuis la Préhistoire jusque la
période contemporaine, constituent le vaste champ d’investigation des
disciplines de l’archéobotanique, et le support de nombreuses
thématiques archéologiques et historiques. Nous présentons pour trois
d’entre elles : la palynologie, l’anthracologie et la carpologie, un
bilan synthétisant 40 ans de recherche en France, en déclinant
l’historique de ces disciplines, leurs objets d’étude et la diversité
de leurs applications, leurs principaux apports et leurs nouveaux
domaines exploratoires. La densité des informations recueillies, à
l’échelle du territoire métropolitain, autorise désormais des
approches relatives à des réseaux de diffusion ou à des aires de
répartition atteignant une dimension continentale aussi bien que des
observations très précises à l’échelle d’une station, ou d’une
micro-région. Ces développements appellent une multiplication des
approches combinant plusieurs disciplines (multiproxies et
multicontextes), la mise en place de bases de données et d’outils de
traitement sophistiqués, qui représentent un enjeu majeur des grands
projets collectifs présents et futurs.
Conjuguer singularité et conformité pour se positionner sur le marché international de l'urbain. Confluence et le renouvellement de l'image de Lyon
Authors: Adam Matthieu , Laffont Georges-Henry
Published: July 2018

Pour attirer les investisseurs pour lesquels elles sont en concurrence sur le marché de l’urbain, les villes cherchent à se rendre désirables pour un capital national et mondial qui cherche des lieux où accroître sa rentabilité. Elles travaillent ainsi à améliorer leur image de marque. Pour ce faire, elles valorisent, d’un côté, leurs singularités – les caractères présents ou en cours d’élaboration qui les distinguent – et, de l’autre, leur conformité aux valeurs dominantes des discours sur les villes « qui comptent », soit au début du XXIe siècle être durables, belles, festives, patrimoniales, innovantes ou encore socialement mixtes. À l’image de Confluence à Lyon, les grands projets urbains et architecturaux sont aujourd’hui de précieux outils pour changer ou rénover l’image d’une ville en répondant à ce double objectif de conformité et de singularité. En analysant des entretiens avec les aménageurs, promoteurs, urbanistes et architectes de Confluence, nous montrons que le changement d’image et la mise en images, qui s’appuient sur le couple singularité/conformité, ont des conséquences sur la structure socio-spatiale de ce nouveau quartier et sur celui limitrophe de Sainte-Blandine. À la catégorie des habitants légitimés parce qu’ils correspondent à la population visée et s’approprient cette image autant qu’ils participent à la formuler, s’oppose celle de ceux qui sont exclus de cette image et dont la présence est in fine indésirable dans ce secteur de Lyon et, par extension, dans tout son centre-ville.
Preparing and Supporting Classroom Teachers Through Induction
Authors: Lemoine Pamela A. , Chan Tak C. , Richardson Michael D.
Published: July 2018

While teacher mentoring programs are highly recommended to support new teacher graduates, not all states require teacher mentoring. Other professions such as medicine and law require supervision under the tutelage of a mentor. With the need to ensure teacher quality to effect higher student achievement, most teacher preparation programs place teachers in residencies and practicums before students graduate; few follow up with graduates to ensure teachers have required competencies as they transition into teaching.
Teacher Induction in Culturally, Ethnically, or Linguistically Diverse Settings
Authors: Kozikoğlu İshak
Published: July 2018

The first year in teaching is a special period, and beginning teachers face many challenges in induction period. Current demographic changes all around the world bring about an increasingly diverse student population with different cultural, ethnic, and linguistic backgrounds. The purpose of this chapter is to explicate teacher induction in culturally, ethically, or linguistically diverse settings. Accordingly, teacher induction is clarified within the framework of culturally responsive teaching. As the concern of education is to be responsive to students' diverse cultural or linguistic backgrounds in culturally responsive teaching, it is considered to be appropriate pedagogy for beginning teachers in diverse settings. Furthermore, beginning teachers' relationships in the learning community and larger society have great importance in induction period. Therefore, this chapter aims to clarify the scope of beginning teachers' relations with students, parents, and larger society in culturally diverse settings.
Creating Connections
Authors: Stevenson Carolyn N.
Published: July 2018

Undergraduate adult learners need flexible, cost-efficient ways to increase knowledge, enhance skills, or complete a college degree. The rising cost of college tuition coupled with the demands of work/life balance challenge many individuals seeking a higher education degree. As such, higher education administrators and faculty members need to identify new approaches to learning in higher education that address these barriers and open the access to earning a college degree. Capstone courses connect prior learning in coursework with real-world experiences. This chapter addresses competency-based degree plans and application-based capstone courses for undergraduate university students. Examples of competency-based degree plans and capstone courses will be discussed. Inclusion in the discussion will be prior learning assessment courses. Testimonials from learners are provided along with a model for designing an effective capstone course for undergraduate adult learners.
Internet of Things Practices for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Umamaheswari S.
Published: July 2018

Agriculture is an important economic sector that leads to the overall economic growth of a nation. This sector has to meet the increasing consumption needs of the world population, which is expected to increase by 70% by 2050, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The advancements in the technology in the field of agriculture will facilitate the growth in farming activities. The internet of things (IoT) industry enables the farmers to face these challenges. IoT sensors provide the information about the crop yields, soil moisture, rain fall, livestock, etc. to the farmers that can be used for decision making. The information can be accessed by the farmers with the aid of smart phones. This chapter focuses on the smart agriculture practices with IoT that helps the farmer to analyze the operational data to improve decision making. The implementation platform for the IoT and the communication technologies for smart farming are discussed. A prototype for a smart irrigation system has also been proposed.
An Improved Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Utopia Point Guided Search
Authors: Kapse Swapnil Prakash , Krishnapillai Shankar
Published: July 2018

This article demonstrates the implementation of a novel local search approach based on Utopia point guided search, thus improving the exploration ability of multi- objective Particle Swarm Optimization. This strategy searches for best particles based on the criteria of seeking solutions closer to the Utopia point, thus improving the convergence to the Pareto-optimal front. The elite non-dominated selected particles are stored in an archive and updated at every iteration based on least crowding distance criteria. The leader is chosen among the candidates in the archive using the same guided search. From the simulation results based on many benchmark tests, the new algorithm gives better convergence and diversity when compared to existing several algorithms such as NSGA-II, CMOPSO, SMPSO, PSNS, DE+MOPSO and AMALGAM. Finally, the proposed algorithm is used to solve mechanical design based multi-objective optimization problems from the literature, where it shows the same advantages.
Prediction of Heart Disease Using Random Forest and Rough Set Based Feature Selection
Authors: Yekkala Indu , Dixit Sunanda
Published: July 2018

Data is generated by the medical industry. Often this data is of very complex nature—electronic records, handwritten scripts, etc.—since it is generated from multiple sources. Due to the Complexity and sheer volume of this data necessitates techniques that can extract insight from this data in a quick and efficient way. These insights not only diagnose the diseases but also predict and can prevent disease. One such use of these techniques is cardiovascular diseases. Heart disease or coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of death all over the world. Comprehensive research using single data mining techniques have not resulted in an acceptable accuracy. Further research is being carried out on the effectiveness of hybridizing more than one technique for increasing accuracy in the diagnosis of heart disease. In this article, the authors worked on heart stalog dataset collected from the UCI repository, used the Random Forest algorithm and Feature Selection using rough sets to accurately predict the occurrence of heart disease
Tumor Dendritic Cells (DCs) Derived from Precursors of Conventional DCs Are Dispensable for Intratumor CTL Responses
Authors: Diao Jun , Gu Hongtao , Tang Michael , Zhao Jun , Cattral Mark S.
Published: July 2018

The success of adoptive CTL therapy for cancer depends on interactions between tumor-infiltrating CTLs and cancer cells as well as other cells and molecules in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor dendritic cells (DCs) comprise several subsets: CD103+CD11b− DC1 and CD11b+CD64− DC2, which originate from circulating precursors of conventional DCs, and CD11b+CD64+ DC3, which arise from monocytes. It remains controversial which of these subset(s) promotes intratumor CTL proliferation, expansion, and function. To address this issue, we used the Zbtb46-DTR–transgenic mouse model to selectively deplete DC1 and DC2 from tumors and lymphoid tissues. Wild-type and Zbtb46-DTR bone marrow chimeras were inoculated with B16 melanoma cells that express OVA and were treated with OT-1 CTLs. We found that depletion of DCs derived from precursors of conventional DCs in Zbtb46-DTR bone marrow chimeras abolished CTL proliferation and expansion in tumor-draining lymph nodes. By contrast, intratumor CTL accumulation, proliferation, and IFN-γ expression were unaffected by their absence. We found that adoptive cell therapy increases the frequency of monocyte-derived tumor DC3, which possess the capacity to cross-present tumor Ags and induce CTL proliferation. Our findings support the specialized roles of different DC subsets in the regulation of antitumor CTL responses.
Functional Evidence of Pulmonary Extracellular Vesicles in Infectious and Noninfectious Lung Inflammation
Authors: Lee Heedoo , Zhang Duo , Laskin Debra L. , Jin Yang
Published: July 2018

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly complex process that can be triggered by both noninfectious (sterile) and infectious stimuli. Inflammatory lung responses are one of the key features in the pathogenesis of this devastating syndrome. How ALI/ARDS-associated inflammation develops remains incompletely understood, particularly after exposure to sterile stimuli. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate intercellular communication and inflammatory responses in various diseases. In this study, we characterized the generation and function of pulmonary EVs in the setting of ALI/ARDS, induced by sterile stimuli (oxidative stress or acid aspiration) and infection (LPS/Gram-negative bacteria) in mice. EVs detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were markedly increased after exposure of animals to both types of stimuli. After sterile stimuli, alveolar type-І epithelial cells were the main source of the BALF EVs. In contrast, infectious stimuli–induced BALF EVs were mainly derived from alveolar macrophages (AMs). Functionally, BALF EVs generated in both the noninfectious and infectious ALI models promoted the recruitment of macrophages in in vivo mouse models. Furthermore, BALF EVs differentially regulated AM production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, as well as TLR expression in AMs in vivo. Regardless of their origin, BALF EVs contributed significantly to the development of lung inflammation in both the sterile and infectious ALI. Collectively, our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which EVs regulate the development of lung inflammation in response to diverse stimuli, potentially providing novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets for ALI/ARDS.
Qat-induced intestinal obstruction: A case series of a new entity
Authors: Safadi Mhd Firas
Published: July 2018

Background: Qat-induced intestinal obstruction is an acute manifestation of qat chewing which was not described previously in the literature. The aim of this case series is to describe the clinical presentation, the diagnostic and therapeutic measures, and the course of the disease. Methods: This retrospective case series included all patients who presented with qat-induced intestinal obstruction between July 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015. Results: The study included seven patients (five males and two females). The mean age was 41.4 years (22–60 years). All patients presented after 8–12 h of prolonged qat chewing with abdominal pain, severe abdominal distension, and inability to pass stool. Laboratory results were normal apart from slight leukocytosis (<15 × 109/L) in three patients. All patients showed air–fluid levels on the erect abdominal X-ray. The management included intravenous fluids and symptomatic therapy. The symptoms resolved in 1–2 days and the follow-up after 1 week showed no residual complaints. Conclusions: Qat-induced intestinal obstruction is associated with the heavy and prolonged consumption of qat. The presentation mimics acute intestinal obstruction, but the course is benign. Spontaneous resolution with supportive inpatient treatment is the rule.
What Characterizes Excessive Online Stock Trading? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dixon Melanie Rose , Giroux Isabelle , Jacques Christian , Grégoire Philippe
Published: July 2018

Excessive online stock trading appears to share similarities with gambling disorder. However, using gambling disorder criteria to assess excessive trading may not allow a full understanding of this phenomenon as specific aspects of the trading context that differ from gambling may be overlooked. This study explores the manifestations and consequences of excessive trading and its links with gambling disorder via the perceptions of online stock traders themselves. Data for thematic analysis were collected from a sample of online stock traders (N = 13) divided into two focus groups based on trading frequency (i.e., on a regular or occasional basis). Perceived manifestations of excessive trading included excessive preoccupation and frequent behaviors, and consequences that affect finances, relationships, work and health. Perceived links between gambling disorder and excessive trading concerned a shared incapacity to control behaviors, and chasing losses. Though excessive trading and gambling disorder are similar on many grounds, the assessment of trading behaviors should consider specific aspects such as the context within which they occur (e.g., state of the market). Implications for future research on excessive trading behaviors are discussed. RésuméLes transactions d’actions excessives peuvent présenter des similitudes avec le jeu pathologique. Cependant, appliquer des critères propres au jeu pathologique à des pratiques de transactions excessives en ligne ne permet pas nécessairement de bien comprendre ce phénomène, car il pourrait arriver qu’on néglige certains aspects particuliers du contexte transactionnel qui diffèrent du contexte du jeu. Cette étude explore les manifestations et les conséquences de pratiques transactionnelles excessives et ses liens avec le jeu pathologique, en se penchant sur les perceptions personnelles des négociateurs. Les données ont été recueillies pour une analyse thématique à partir d’un échantillon de négociateurs en ligne (N = 13), divisé en deux groupes de discussion en fonction de la fréquence des transactions (soit sur une base régulière ou occasionnelle). Parmi les manifestations perçues à propos de transactions excessives, on a pu voir des préoccupations excessives et de fréquents comportements et leurs conséquences sur les finances, les relations, le travail et la santé. Les liens communs perçus entre les troubles du jeu et la négociation excessive étaient l’incapacité à contrôler ses comportements et la récupération des pertes. Bien que la négociation excessive et les problèmes du jeu soient semblables sous divers aspects, l’évaluation de comportements de négociateurs devrait prendre en compte des aspects particuliers tels que le contexte dans lequel ces comportements se manifestent (par exemple, l’état du marché). Dans l’étude, on aborde aussi la portée de futures recherches sur les comportements de négociation excessive.
Seasonal provenance changes in present-day Saharan dust collected in and off Mauritania
Authors: Friese Carmen A. , van Hateren Johannes A. , Vogt Christoph , Fischer Gerhard , Stuut Jan-Berend W.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Saharan dust has a crucial influence on the earth climate system and its emission, transport and deposition are intimately related to, e.g., wind speed, precipitation, temperature and vegetation cover. The alteration in the physical and chemical properties of Saharan dust due to environmental changes is often used to reconstruct the climate of the past. However, to better interpret possible climate changes the dust source regions need to be known. By analysing the mineralogical composition of transported or deposited dust, potential dust source areas can be inferred. Summer dust transport off northwest Africa occurs in the Saharan air layer (SAL). In continental dust source areas, dust is also transported in the SAL; however, the predominant dust input occurs from nearby dust sources with the low-level trade winds. Hence, the source regions and related mineralogical tracers differ with season and sampling location. To test this, dust collected in traps onshore and in oceanic sediment traps off Mauritania during 2013 to 2015 was analysed. Meteorological data, particle-size distributions, back-trajectory and mineralogical analyses were compared to derive the dust provenance and dispersal. For the onshore dust samples, the source regions varied according to the seasonal changes in trade-wind direction. Gibbsite and dolomite indicated a Western Saharan and local source during summer, while chlorite, serpentine and rutile indicated a source in Mauritania and Mali during winter. In contrast, for the samples that were collected offshore, dust sources varied according to the seasonal change in the dust transporting air layer. In summer, dust was transported in the SAL from Mauritania, Mali and Libya as indicated by ferroglaucophane and zeolite. In winter, dust was transported with the trades from Western Sahara as indicated by, e.g., fluellite.