bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Program Effectiveness: Creating a Reliable and Valid Tool
Authors: Ahlers-Schmidt Carolyn R. , Wetta-Hall Ruth , Berg-Copas Gina , Jost Janet Cusick , Jost Gary
Published: March 2009

This study was done to assess the reliability of a pretest/posttest design for a mass-casualty burn disaster continuing education (CE) program. Based on program objectives, an instrument to assess knowledge, skills, confidence, and competence in burn assessment and management was designed. The instrument’s internal consistency, split-half reliability, and individual items were analyzed. Measures of reliability were moderately high, and item analysis identified no poorly constructed items. The instrument appears to be a reliable measurement of effectiveness for the CE program and will be consistent in measuring changes based on the training. The results may be useful to others who are planning CE training programs.
Transition From Hospital to Home Care: What Gets Lost Between the Discharge Plan and the Real World?
Authors: Billings Diane M. , Kowalski Karren , Drury Lin J.
Published: March 2009

Hospital-based nurses who have not practiced in home health care may find it difficult to anticipate patients' needs during the transition from hospital to home. This column focuses on increasing competency in preparing patients for home health services.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(5):198–199.
Using Technology to Build Community in Professional Associations
Authors: Zalon Margarete L.
Published: March 2009

Professional associations increasingly rely on technology to convene members in the conduct of their business. Principles of adult education can be employed to facilitate the transition to the use of innovative technology. Such innovation can facilitate an association's work in advancing policy and professional practice. Understanding generational differences can enhance the development of community and build social capital in associations.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(5):235–240.
Maggot Débridement Therapy
Authors: Schwarck Laurie
Published: March 2009

Due to rising health care costs and resistance to antibiotics, maggot débridement therapy may regain popularity. Nurses must learn about this unusual therapy and be prepared to assist patients who want to try it.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(1):14–15.
Teaching Evidence-Based Practice Skills in a Hospital
Authors: Hockenberry Marilyn , Brown Terri , Walden Marlene , Barrera Patrick
Published: March 2009

Nurses and allied health professionals have the unique opportunity to become empowered through evidence-based practice (EBP) to make significant differences in the lives of patients and their families. Best practices in patient care occur only when staff continually ask questions about treatments and care, search for and evaluate the evidence to support or refute traditional practices, implement best evidence, and evaluate the effectiveness of the evidence as it applies to nursing care. This article presents the establishment of a formal program to teach EBP skills to pediatric nurses and other health care providers at a major children's hospital.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(1):28–32.
Analysis of Laminated Woven Textile Composites Using a Modified Single-Field Macroelement
Authors: Woo K. , Suh Y.
Published: March 2009

In this study, the engineering properties were numerically calculated for laminated woven textile composites stacked with orientation angles. Single-field macroelements with modified sub-domain integration were used in the analysis to reduce computer resource requirement while efficiently accounting for the internal microstructure. A sample calculation procedure based on the Monte Carlo method was employed to consider the random tow arrangement due to shifted stacking between the layers. The effective properties were also calculated by the CLT and the results were
compared.
Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Grain Size on the Progressive Development of Brittle Failure in Yuen Long Marbles
Authors: Jiao Ming Ruo , Wong R.H.C. , Wong T.F. , Chau K.T. , Tang Chun An
Published: March 2009

It has long been recognized that the strength of brittle rocks decreases with the grain size. However, very few systematic investigation of this phenomenon has been made using numerical method. This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation using the Rock Failure Process Analysis code (RFPA2D) to investigate the effects of grain size on the uniaxial compressive strength and the failure behavior of Yuen Long marble. The Weibull distribution with two parameters (m that characterizes the strength heterogeneity, and σ0 that corresponds to the mean strength of an element) selected based on micromechanical basis is used in the RFPA2D code for simulation. The simulated stress-strain curves of Yuen Long marbles with different grain sizes under uniaxial compressive condition agrees well with the experimental study. The progressive failure process was captured in the numerical simulations. Our simulations also reproduced the influence of grain size, with strength scaling approximately with the inverse square root of grain size, which is in agreement with the previous experimental study.
Influence of the Surface Topography on the Micromechanical Properties and Performance of a CMP Finished AlN Component for Silicon Plasma Etching
Authors: Chouanine L. , Takano M. , Ashihara F. , Kamiya Osamu
Published: March 2009

A microtibological study of the effect of the CMP machining surface damages (SD) on the micromechanical properties of AlN electro-static chuck (ESC) for silicon plasma etching is presented. AFM and SEM examinations of the AlN ESC, which were CMP finished to a surface roughness, Ra = 20 nm, have revealed machining geometry errors and chemical mechanical SD caused by the CMP slurry. The elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H) of AlN and those of yttrium (Y) particles were discretely clarified using localized nanoindentation technique. The results showed that the CMP machining SD fatally affected the AlN/Y boundary strength and resulted to errors in the first contact points between the indenter and the sample. In addition to SD, the micro scale viscoelasticity phenomena of AlN in indentation caused peculiarities at peak loads in the load vs. depth plots. Under these circumstances, the values of E and H measured using Oliver and Pharr's method are in fact underestimated; E = 400 GPa and H = 20 GPa for AlN particles, 300 GPa and 17 GPa for Y particles and 500 GPa and 16 GPa for AlN/Y interface, respectively.
Damage Properties of PEEK Films Irradiated by Atomic Oxygen
Authors: Nakamura T. , Nakamura Hiroki , Fujita O. , Noguchi T. , Imagawa K. , Inoue T.
Published: March 2009

Atomic Oxygen (AO) is a main constituent of the atmosphere on low earth orbit where the
International Space Station (ISS) goes around, and is also known as the matter which deteriorate
many kinds of polymers. However, the strength properties of polymers suffered from AO have not
been fully clarified. To investigate this problem, we irradiated AO to Poly-Ether-Ether-Keton
(PEEK) films under three kinds of tensile stresses. Based on the analysis of irradiated samples, the
effects of AO fluence (total amount of AO per unit area) and tensile stresses on damage properties
were discussed with regard to reaction efficiency Re, surface morph, and tensile strength properties.
As a result, the following were obtained: (1) Test piece surfaces exhibited considerable damage
covered by conical pits of 1μm sizes with a few μm depths. (2) Test piece thickness of irradiated
area decreased almost proportionally to AO fluence. (3) Re and thickness reduction was
accelerated by tensile stress. (4) Strength properties after AO irradiation were almost same as
those of a pristine sample considering the decrease of specimen thickness.
Effect of Electric Weld Current on Spatter Reduction in Spot Welding Process
Authors: Seo Do Won , Jeon Yang Bae , Lim Jae Kyoo
Published: March 2009

Spot welding is a process that sheet metals are joined in one or more spot by heating at the faying interface. In this process, the spatter is dispersed from melted area. It has been reported that spatter generation has adverse effects on weld quality. However, no systematic study has been carried out to find out its effect on weld quality in resistance spot welding processes. In this study, specially designed specimens are used to perform experimental investigation of spatter generation
and its effect. Major finding of this study show trends in tensile-shear strength for various amounts of spatter generated during spot welding process. Thus, optimum welding conditions are proposed in view of spatter generation and tensile-shear strength.
Mechanical Behavior of the Long Rod Penetrator during Launch
Authors: Kim J.B.
Published: March 2009

This study presents a three-dimensional dynamic stress analysis of the sabot/rod system during launch. A study was undertaken to investigate the influence of forward sabot diameter and rod length on the stress of projectile rod traveling in the gun tube.
Three types of gun tube profile were simulated. The first profile is straight. The second profile of the tube droop is caused only by gravity and the third is combined droop profile which is caused by gravity with the manufacture status.
Numerical simulation results showed that the maximum von Mises stress due to in-bore behavior of the sabot/rod system could be decreased by changing the forward sabot diameter in a tube drooped by gravity loads with the manufacture status. The results also showed that the stress of rod was affected by the factor of at·L/D· ( at ; combined acceleration, L ; length of rod, D ;
diameter of rod), and it becomes minimum when the aspect ratio L/D becomes 14 in the model used in the study.
in the study
Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact on Composite Sandwich Panels Using an Assumed Strain Solid Element
Authors: Park Hoon Cheol , Park Jung , Goo Nam Seo , Yoon Kwang Joon , Lee Jae Hwa
Published: March 2009

Low-velocity impact on composite sandwich panels has been investigated. The contact force is computed from a proposed modified Hertzian contact law. In the proposed contact law, the exponent is adjusted and the through-the-thickness elastic constant of honeycomb core is reduced properly to approximately predict the measured contact force-time history during the impact. The equivalent transverse elastic constant is calculated from the rule of mixture. Nonlinear equation to calculate the contact force is solved by the Newton-Raphson method and time integration is done by the Newmark-beta method. A finite element program for the low-velocity impact analysis is coded by implementing these techniques and an 18-node assumed strain solid element. Behaviors of composite sandwich panels subjected to low-velocity impact are analyzed for various cases with different geometry and lay-ups. It has been found that the present code with the proposed contact law can predict measured contact forces and contact times for most cases within reasonable error bounds, especially for thick sandwich plates.
Contact Damage in Curved Porcelain/Metal Bilayers
Authors: Qasim Tarek , Bush Mark , Hu Xiao Zhi
Published: March 2009

This paper aims to assess the effect of shape irregularity on contact damage in a brittle coating on a stiff metal substrate. Hertzian contact damage in a dental porcelain layer over a Ni-Cr alloy substrate in both curved and flat geometries was studied using finite element analysis and experimental investigation. Three failure modes were examined with varying porcelain layer thickness: cone cracking at the top surface of the porcelain, interface cracking at the layer/substrate interface and plastic deformation below the contact area in the substrate. It is shown that curvature has very little effect on the initiation of surface cone cracks in this system, but substantial effect on the initiation of interface radial cracks. In particular, curvature reduces the critical load for the onset of interface cracks
A Study on the Thermoelastic Analysis in Shear Deformable Discontinuous Composites
Authors: Kim Hong Gun
Published: March 2009

A stress analysis has been performed to evaluate the thermally induced elastic
stresses which can develop in a short fiber composite due to coefficient of thermal
expansion (CTE) mismatch. An axisymmetric finite element model with the constraint between cells has implemented to find the magnitude of thermoelastic stresses in the fiber and the matrix as a function of volume fraction, CTE ratio, modulus ratio, and fiber aspect ratio. It was found that the matrix end regions fall under significant thermal stresses that have the same sign as that of the fibers themselves. Furthermore, it was found that the stresses vary along the fiber and fiber end gap in the same manner as that obtained in a shear-lag model during non-thermal mechanical loading.
Finite Element Analysis of Rubber Particles Size Distribution on Fracture Toughness of Rubber-Modified Polymer
Authors: Husaini  , Kishimoto Kikuo , Notomi Mitsuo
Published: March 2009

A numerical study on the effects of the distribution of rubber particles size on the fracture toughness of rubber-modified polymer alloys was computed. FEM analyses were conducted on the deformation field near the crack tip under mode I for small scale yielding condition. Near the crack tip is modelled as composite of matrix materials and rubber particles. On the other hand, outer region is modelled as homogeneous material whose constitutive equation has been obtained by analysing unit cell model of matrix and rubber particle. Perfect bonding or partial debonding of the interface is assumed in the computation. Matrix and rubber particles are treated as Mises and Mooney-Rivlin materials, respectively. It is shown that energy flux into fracture process zone; Ĵ -integral is smaller for bimodal type than monomodal one. This behavior largely occurred on the partial debonding case. These results imply that the screening effects occurred in the bimodal type larger than monomodal
one.
Localized Deformation Induced IGSCC and IASCC of Austenitic Alloys in High Temperature Water
Authors: Was G.S. , Alexandreanu B. , Busby J.
Published: March 2009

Grain boundary properties are known to affect the intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) and irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking behavior of austenitic alloys in high temperature water. However, it is only recently that sufficient evidence has accumulated to show that the disposition of deformation in and near the grain boundary plays a key role in intergranular cracking. Grain boundaries that can transmit strain to adjacent grains can relieve stresses without undergoing localized deformation. Grain boundaries that cannot transmit strain will either experience high stresses or high strains. High stresses can lead to wedge-type cracking and sliding can lead to rupture of the protective oxide film. These processes are also applicable to irradiated materials in which the deformation can become highly localized in the form of dislocation channels and deformation twins. These deformation bands conduct tremendous amounts of strain to the grain boundaries. The capability of a boundary to transmit strain to a neighboring grain will determine its propensity for cracking, analogous to that in unirradiated metals. Thus, IGSCC in unirradiated materials and IASCC in irradiated materials are governed by the same local processes of stress and strain accommodation at the boundary.
Overexpression Phenotypes of Plk1 and Ndrg2 in Schizosaccharomyces Pombe: Fission Yeast System for Mammalian Gene Study
Authors: Jang Young Joo , Kil Young Sook , Ahn Jee Hee , Ji Jae Hoon , Lim Jong Seok , Won M. , Yoo Hyang Sook
Published: March 2009

The fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a single-celled free-living fungus that shares many features with cells of more complicated eukaryotes. Many of the genes required for the cell-cycle control, proteolysis, protein modification, and RNA splicing are highly conserved with those of higher eukaryotes. Moreover, fission yeast has the merit of genetics and its genetic system is already well characterized. As such, the current study evaluated the use of a fission yeast system as a tool for the functional study of mammalian genes and attempted to set up an assay system for novel genes. Since the phenotypes of a deletion mutant and the overexpression of a gene are generally analyzed for a functional study of specific genes in yeast, the present study used overexpression phenotypes to study the functions of mammalian genes. Therefore, based on using a thiamine-repressive promoter, two mammalian genes were expressed in fission yeast, and their
overexpressed phenotypes compared with those in mammalian cells. The phenotypes resulting from overexpression were analyzed using a FACS, which analyzes the DNA contents, and a microscope. One of the selected genes was the mammalian Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), which is activated and plays a role in the mitotic phase of the cell division cycle. The overexpression of various constructs of Plk1 in the HeLa cells caused cell cycle defects, suggesting that the ectopic Plk1s blocked the endogenous Plk1 in the cells. As expected, when the constructs were overexpressed in the fission yeast system, the cells were arrested in mitosis and defected at the end of mitosis. As such, this data suggests that the Plk1-overexpressed phenotypes were similar in the mammalian cells and the fission yeast, thereby enabling the mammalian Plk1 functions to be approximated in the fission yeast. The other selected gene was the N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (ndrg2), which is upregulated during cell differentiation, yet still not well characterized. When the ndrg2 gene was overexpressed in the fission yeast, the cells contained multi-septa. The septa were positioned well, yet their number increased per cell. Therefore, this gene was speculated to block cell division in the last stage of the cell cycle, making the phenotype potentially useful for explaining cell growth and differentiation in mammalian cells. Accordingly, fission yeast is demonstrated to be an appropriate species for the functional study of mammalian genes.
Phase Separation in the Two-Dimensional Systems of Strongly Correlated Electrons: The Role of Spin Singlet Pairs on Hole Pairing Contribution to Hole-Rich Phase
Authors: Lee Sung Sik , Ahn Sul Ah , Salk Sung Ho Suck
Published: March 2009

By paying attention to the hole-doped two-dimensional systems of antiferromagnetically (strongly) correlated electrons, we discuss the cause of hole-rich phase formation in association with phase separation. We show that the phase diagram obtained from Maxwell's construction in the plane of temperature vs. hole density is consistent with one derived from the evaluation of hole-rich and
electron-rich phases in real space. We observe that the formation of a hole-rich phase is attributed to the aggregation of hole pairs induced by spin singlet pairs present in the pseudogap phase, and that the direct involvement of correlations between hole pairs is not essential for phase separation.
Real Time Evaluation of Overseas Technology Trend Information
Authors: Hahn Sun Hwa , Choi Sung Bae , Choi Hyun Kyoo
Published: March 2009

In the era of global competition, international competitiveness depends greatly on the
prompt provision of overseas information. In the field of Science and Technology, it is very important to catch the research or technical trends of advanced countries as quickly as possible. KISTI has been providing an overseas S&T trend (tech-trend) information service since 1993. In 2002, about 16,000 tech-trend news items were selected and translated by more than 100 reporters who are domain experts residing both in Korea and abroad. This information is provided to end users via various types of services, such as push mail service, internet search service, directory service by subject, and through weekly magazines. In order to provide a satisfying service, it is important to maintain the quality of the information at a high level. For this purpose, we developed a quality management system that quickly and accurately evaluates the quality of the information. In this paper, we explain the gathering, evaluating, and distributing processes of the tech-trend information service, and also discuss the criteria that should be met for a quality management system.
The score of each reporter is used to control the quality of his/her articles. We give incentives to the
3 highest rankers, and penalties to the 3 lowest rankers. In addition, we adopted a ‘3 strikes-your-out’
strategy, in which a reporter who is ranked as one of three lowest, 3 times in a row, is dismissed.
Virtual Reality Interface Using PDA for Street View Color Design
Authors: Nam Yang Hee
Published: March 2009

Architectural design is one of those areas that have actively employed interactive design tools such as CAD/CAM software. In order to add a realistic view of the design results in the 3D work process, there have been several recent attempts to employ a virtual reality technology that allows architects to explore design in 3D space. However, VR’s weakness is that common interaction tasks, such as navigation and selection, are still not supported conveniently in 3D space. In addition, VR devices are generally unfamiliar to the average person and are too expensive to use. This paper presents a VR framework that makes the design task easily achieved by employing a PDA interface for a VR interaction applied to street-view emotional color design problems.
Change Detection/Feature Extraction System Based on Remotely Sensed Imagery
Authors: Jung Myung Hee , Yun Eui Jung
Published: March 2009

Natural land cover patterns continuously undergo changes, impacted by various natural as well as human-managed factors. The remotely sensed data are commonly utilized to detect land cover change, which is important to understanding long-term landscape dynamics. Generally, a methodology for global change is composed of mapping, quantifying, and monitoring changes in the physical characteristics of land cover. The selected processing and analysis techniques affect the quality of the obtained information. In this research, a change detection/feature extraction system is proposed based on remotely sensed data: preprocessing, change detection and segmentation, resulting in the mapping of the change-detected areas. Here, appropriate methods are studied for each step and in particular, in the segmentation process, a multiresolution framework to reduce computational complexity is investigated for multitemporal images of large size.
An Environmental-Friendly Ni-Electroplating onto Cu at a Supercritical State
Authors: Park Ji Young , Kim Jae Duck , Lee Youn Woo , Lim Jong Sung
Published: March 2009

Electroplating using a Ni-plating solution/CO2 macroemulsion was carried out at a
supercritical condition. This method is that the Ni+2 ions in the macroemulsion using a surfactant have been deposited onto Cu. For forming the macroemulsion, we synthesized the fluorocarbonhydrocarbon surfactants, that is, sodium salt of bis (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol) sulfosuccinate with both ‘CO2 philic’ chains and the ‘hydrophilic' head group. The Cu plate, screw and chip as complicated shaped metals were plated by using this method. And the plated ware
performed by this method was compared with that performed by the conventional method (electroplating at 1atm) to evaluate the effectiveness of the effective plating process.
Study of Design Parameters for Semiconductor/FPD Cleanroom Focused on Airborne Contamination
Authors: Seo Man Seung , Kim Hae Ryung , Kim Gil Jun
Published: March 2009

Unidirectional airflow cleanroom was designed to ideally control the flow in order to
overcome airborne contamination problems, and that design has not changed much over the past twenty years. However, in reality, it didn’t work as expected. Thus, airborne contamination problems in semiconductor and flat panel display industries still existed even if entire fabrication was processed in unidirectional cleanrooms. Eventually, flow-based re-evaluation of existing unidirectional cleanroom design became inevitable. In this study, we performed fluid dynamics simulations of
unidirectional cleanroom at various dimensions, and interpreted the results for further steps of cleanroom designs, such as, inlet/outlet ducts, perforated floors, and equipment arrangement. Furthermore, we developed the mathematical model that interprets the airflow inclination at various cleanroom dimensions into a unified representation to provide designers with concepts for flow-based integration of cleanroom layout. The predicted angle/location of the maximum flow inclination by our
mathematical model in terms of fundamental design parameters agreed well with the computational fluid dynamics simulation results and with the expected trends.
Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Local Anesthetics by Liposome Formulation of Local Anesthetic Mixture
Authors: Lim Jeong Ok , Kim Su Jeong , Pouliot Roxane , Baek Woon Yi
Published: March 2009

Various concentrations of either lidocaine or tetracaine, plus combinations of lidocaine and tetracaine were formulated into liposomes to improve topical anesthesia. The topical anesthetic effects of these liposomal mixtures of local anesthetics (Lipo-MLA) were then compared with those of EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics) and single local anesthetic liposomes using a
pinprick test on healthy adult volunteers. The Lipo-MLA exhibited significantly improved anesthetic effects compared to the EMLA and single local anesthetic liposomes with a faster onset time of approximately thirty minutes and duration of at least four hours. A dermal toxicity study using rats revealed that Lipo-MLA was safe at greater than 2,000 mg/kg bodyweight.
3-D Kirchhoff Migration of GPR Data to Image the Inside of a Stone Pagoda
Authors: Choi Yun Gyeong , Suh Jung Hee , Han Nu Ree , Choi Ji Hyang , Cha Young Ho
Published: March 2009

We have chosen the GPR method for investigating the inner structure of a stone pagoda in a non-destructive way. The selection of a suitable source frequency of the GPR antenna is the key because the main frequency of its pulse controls the resolution and the depth of the investigation. Through theoretical consideration and numerical simulation, we found that 500 to 800 MHz is suitable for a field model with a foundation part of 3 to 4 m. To image the inner structure we selected 3-D Kirchhoff prestack depth migration technique used in seismic processing. We have used the
modified migration algorithm for the source and receiver configurations of common offset GPR data. To verify the scheme, we calculated the synthetic data using the 3-D FDTD algorithm and applied the migration technique to it. Through these experiments, we confirmed that the 3-D Kirchhoff prestack depth migration technique is a very powerful tool to image the inside of a stone pagoda with high resolution. We have also applied the technique to the field data of the foundation of a five-story stone pagoda at Jeongnim temple site in Buyeo City, Korea. Based on the 3-D migrated images, we inferred that the structure of the foundation of this pagoda seemed to be preserved quite well and the thickness of the outer wall was about 0.5 m.
A GAM for Daily Ozone Concentration in Seoul
Authors: Kim Jae Hee , Hong Jungmin
Published: March 2009

This study focuses on ozone modeling using meteorological and air monitoring variables. Twenty seven (27) places in Seoul were measured for ozone values from January 1999 to December 1999. Air quality monitoring data consisted of CO, NO2, O3, PM10, TSP while meteorology data consisted of the daily maximum temperature, humidity and wind speed, and solar radiation. The complexity of environmental data dynamics often requires models covering non-linearity.
Photochemical ozone pollution is the result of complex non-linear interactions between atmospheric pollutants and meteorology. The generalized additive model is favored because it is the most flexible, has the fewest statistical assumptions, and it can detect and fit potentially complex and nonlinear dependencies. For these
reasons we modeled the daily ozone amount using a generalized additive model with smooth loess functions and compared it with a multiple linear regression model.
Study of Coagulant Development and the Characteristics for the Treatment of Tire Remanufacturing Wastewater
Authors: Yoo Eun Sun , Yoon In Mo
Published: March 2009

This study was conducted to test the performance of various combinations of coagulants for effective wastewater treatment of the tire recycling industry. From the Jar-test results, two kinds of coagulants, namely AlSi-1 and PASi-1, were found to be effective in decreasing BOD and CODCr values from the polluted wastewater among various combinations of coagulants. In comparison to Al-based or Si-based singular salts, the Si-Al combined salts (PASi-1) exhibited a higher removal efficiency of 90% turbidity, 93% SS, 70∼85% BOD5 and 85∼91% CODCr at 15±
2°C, pH7.5∼9.5 and 2.0mM of coagulant dosage. At 30±2°C of tire recycling effluents, the combination effect was clearly shown in the removal of CODCr over a wider range of pH. The reaction mechanisms of AlSi-1 and PASi-1 were also schematically studied.
Effect of Morphine and Bupivacaine on Nicotine-Induced Catecholamine Secretion from Encapsulated Chromaffin Cells
Authors: Hong Hai Yan , Lim Jeong Ok , Baek Woon Yi
Published: March 2009

The control of intractable pain through transplanted of chromaffin cells has been recently reported where the analgesic effects are principally due to the production of opioid peptides and catecholamines (CAs) by the chromaffin cells. Currently many cancer patients receive general opioids or local anesthetics, such as bupivacaine. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of morphine or bupivacaine on the secretion of nicotine-induced CAs from encapsulated chromaffin
cells over a period of 180 min. As such, bovine chromaffin cells were isolated and encapsulated with alginate–poly–L–lysine–alginate (APA) biomaterials to prevent immunorejection. The capsules were then pre-incubated with nicotine for 5 min prior to morphine or bupivacaine stimulation, and the quantity of CAs analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis system.
The resulting data showed that the encapsulated chromaffin cells retained the ability of their parent chromaffin cells when responding to opioids by suppressing the release of CAs. In contrast, bupivacaine did not have any statistically significant affect on the basal and nicotine-induced CA release from the encapsulated chromaffin cells.
Structural and Catalytic Properties of the Alkali Metal Ion-Exchanged Y-Zeolites by 29Si and 27Al Solid-State NMR and FT-IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Chang Seop , Lee Hee Jung , Choi Sung Woo , Kwak Jahun , Peden Charles H.F.
Published: March 2009

A series of cation exchanged Y-zeolites were prepared by exchanging cations with various alkali (M+, M= Li, Na, K, Cs) metals. The structural and catalytic properties of the alkali metal exchanged Y-zeolites have been investigated by a number of analytical techniques. Comparative elemental analyses were determined by an Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy X-ray (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
(ICP-AES) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) before and after cation substitution. The framework and non-framework Al coordination and the Si/Al ratios of the Y-zeolites were investigated by MAS Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The Al NMR spectra were characterized by two 27Al resonance signals at 12 and 59 ppm, indicating the presence of the non-framework and framework Al respectively. The intensities of these resonances were used to
monitor the amount of the framework and non-framework Al species in the series of exchanged zeolites. The 29Si NMR spectra were characterized by four resonance signals at -79, -84, -90, and -95 ppm. Changing the alkali metal cations in the exchanged Y-zeolites significantly altered the extent of the octahedral/tetrahedral coordination and the Si/Al ratio. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra of the CO2 adsorbed on to the exchanged Y-zeolites showed a low frequency shift, as the atomic number of the exchanged alkali metal increased. In addition, the catalytic activity of these samples for NOx reduction were tested in combination with a non-thermal plasma technique and interpreted based on the above structural and spectroscopic information.
Assessment of the Neutronic Characteristics of DCA Lattices
Authors: Min B.J. , Kim W.Y.
Published: March 2009

An investigation on the effect of the neutronic behavior on the lattice for a Deuterium
Critical Assembly (DCA) in JNC (Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute) has been performed. The DCA, the heavy water moderated and light water cooled pressure-tube type research facility, was designed not only for the core physics research, but also for the development of the core-related technology for the Advanced Thermal Reactor (ATR). The core structure of the ATR is highly
heterogeneous and it is separated from the heavy water moderator by a calandria tube. Therefore, the neutron behavior is quite complicated and sensitive to a change of the core structure. In this study, the assessment of the core physics characteristics such as the multiplication factor and the void coefficient for the DCA was conducted using the WIMS-D5 code and the results were compared with those of both the experimental data and WIMS-AECL.
Synthetic Aperture Radar: From Signal to Image
Authors: Kwak Sunghee , Lee Youngran , Shin Dong Seok , Park Won Kyu
Published: March 2009

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides information different from those gathered by optical sensors and it acquires data day or night regardless of cloud cover through the microwave spectrum. The SAR processing system is an essential requirement in every ground station in order to properly interpret and fully utilize the information contained in these data sets. This paper describes the processing algorithms that generate images from the SAR signal and proposes the application of SAR ground station development to satisfy such requirements. A SAR ground system is implemented using those algorithms. It generates SAR image products according to processing levels. Experiments conducted in this paper show results comparable to the commercial SAR processing software.
Neural-Network Midcourse Guidance with Consideration of the Head-on Attack Condition
Authors: Song Eun-Jung , Joh Miok , Cho Gwang Rae
Published: March 2009

The objective of this study is to enhance neural-network guidance to consider the impact condition. Missile impact angle error, a measure of the degree to which the missile is not steering for a head-on attack, can have a significant influence on the final miss distance. Midcourse guidance using neural networks is employed to reduce the deviation angle from head-on effectively in the three-dimensional space. In addition, a coordinate transformation is introduced to simplify the three-dimensional guidance law and reduce training data for the neural network. Computational results show that the current neural-network guidance law with the coordinate transformation can be used to reduce the impact angle errors.
Effects of Zircon Additive on the Properties of 95-Alumina Ceramic
Authors: Cheng Ben Jun , Guo Xing Zhong , Li Li , Zheng Jian Ming
Published: March 2009

The mechanism of the effect that zircon additive had on the properties of 95-alumina ceramic was studied and compared with that of zirconia additive. The results show that zircon additive can decrease the sintering temperature of 95-alumina ceramic, the suitable content of zircon additive is 3% and the suitable sintering temperature is1630°C; under these conditions, the 95-alumina composite ceramic can obtain satisfactory sintering and mechanical properties. Compared with zirconia additive, besides the stress-induced-phase-transformation of ZrO2 and micro-cracks, the toughened mechanism of 95-alumina ceramic with zircon additive also includes zirconia secondary crystallization in the liquid phase.
Alumina Whiskers Formation during Self-Propagation High-Temperature Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Ling Zhen , Zhang Chun Chao
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the SHS process was accomplished using titanium dioxide and aluminum powders as raw materials. It was found that the combustion process exhibited the self-spiral combustion mode and alumina whisker had formed. The morphology, microstructure and growth mechanism of alumina whisker were investigated.
Dispersion and Rheological Properties of Alumina Freeze Casting Slurries Containing Nanoparticle/Whisker SiC
Authors: Yang Tae Young , Park Young Min , Lee Gun Dae , Yoon Seog Young , Stevens Ron , Park Hong Chae
Published: March 2009

The sedimentation density significantly decreased after addition of dispersant; the effect was more pronounced with pure alumina, as compared with SiC-containing slurry. With further addition of surfactant, the sedimentation density increased somewhat, but decreased with binderadditions. The suspension viscosity generally behaved in an opposite manner to the sedimentation density, i.e., low sedimentation density gave high low-shear viscosity, indicative of high structure formation in the suspended particles. Shear rate rheological measurements showed continuous shear thinning behavior.
Effect of Lead Excess on the Formation and Dielectric Properties of Silver Dispersed Lead Titanate Film
Authors: Tang L.W. , Du Pi Yi , Weng Wen Jian , Han Gao Rong
Published: March 2009

Silver dispersed lead titanate films were prepared with different Pb/Ti ratio precursors. The influence of lead excess in precursor on the formation and dielectric properties of silver-dispersed lead titanate film was investigated. Firstly, Pb excess in precursor will eliminate the formation of pyrochlore PbTi3O7 and increase c/a ratio of perovskite PbTiO3. Secondly, excessive Pb will react
with silver, and they can produce volatile product, which evaporate during heat treatment process. The volatility of the reaction product varies with the increase in lead excess. When lead excess is low (Pb/Ti=1.1), volatility of reaction product is high. At this time, only small amount of silver remain in the film. The remanent silver aggregate to form small silver particles. When lead excess is high (Pb/Ti=1.2 and Pb/Ti=1.3), volatility of reaction product gradually becomes poor. At this time, the
content of remanent silver in the film increase with the increase in lead excess. Compared with the film prepared with low Pb/Ti ratio, the dispersive degree of silver in film prepared with high Pb/Ti ratio is higher. Due to the decrease of remanent silver content in the film, dielectric constant and dissipation factor both decrease when Pb/Ti initially increase from 1 to 1.1. And after that, dielectric constant and dissipation factor both increase with the addition of excessive Pb in precursor, due to the increase in the content and dispersion degree of silver, and increase in c/a ratio of PbTiO3 lattice with the addition of excess Pb. The film prepared with appropriate excessive lead (Pb/Ti=1.3) precursor expresses higher dielectric constant and lower dissipation factor than the film prepared with stoichiometric Pb/Ti ratio.
Effect of SrO/BaO Ratio on the Phase Structure of the BSTN Composite Ceramics
Authors: Zhou Zong Hui , Du Pi Yi , Han Gao Rong , Weng Wen Jian
Published: March 2009

The effect of SrO/BaO ratio on the phase structure of the (1-x)BaO.xSrO.0.7TiO2.0.3Nb2O5 composite ceramics was investigated by XRD and SEM. The results showed that the SrO/BaO ratio increased in the perovskite phase and kept almost constant in the tungsten bronze phase as the content of
SrO increased in the composite system. The constant SrO/BaO ratio in the tungsten bronze phase was about 0.667. The crystal lattices of the perovskite phase in the composite system were larger and smaller respectively than that in pure (1-x)BaO.xSrO.TiO2 system when SrO/BaO ratio were respectively <0.667
and >0.667. The crystal lattices of the perovskite phases in both systems showed the same crystal lattices when SrO/BaO = 0.667. Affected by the SrO/BaO ratio required in the tungsten bronze phase in composite system, the contents and average grain size of the perovskite phase decreased, while the content of tungsten bronze phase increased as the SrO/BaO ratio increased.
Wear of the Al2O3-Based Multi-Ceramic Coatings Produced by SHS Flame Spraying
Authors: Du Xin Kang , Wang Jian Jiang , Ye Ming Hui , Yan Jun
Published: March 2009

Based on the CuO+Al system with the additives of additional aluminum and Al2O3 +
13%TiO2, the SHS Flame Spraying coatings were produced on the surface of the steel substrate. The wear quality of the coatings was measured and the micro fabric of the coatings was analyzed. It was shown that by using the 3-6% additional aluminum, high reactive transfer rate and coatings with good micro-fabric and high abrasion quality were acquired. Adding the Al2O3 + 13%TiO2 additive could
increase the content of the ceramics, but too much additive would lead to the coarse fabric and make the porosity of the coatings improve, which made the abiding strength and the wearing resistance decrease. 10% Al2O3 + 13%TiO2 additive is suitable to produce the coatings with good properties, and adding 6%(Ti+C) additive gives rise to coatings of high abrasion performance.
Influence of Loading Conditions on Cyclic Compressive Fatigue Behavior of an Al2O3 Matrix Composite
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhai Hong Xiang , Ai Ming Xing , Huang Zhen Ying , Zhang Zhi Li , Li Shi Bo , Li Cui Wei
Published: March 2009

An Al2O3 matrix composites, i.e. partially stabilized zirconia toughening alumina (ZTA) reinforced by SiC particle (ZTA-SiCP), was prepared by hot pressing (HP). Fatigue behavior of ZTA-SiCP under cyclic compressive loads was investigated on different loading conditions. The application of cyclic compressive loads to a notched specimen led to a stable crack growth along the notch plane in a
direction normal to the far-field compressive axis. Irreversible damages in the main form of microcrack were induced at the stress concentration zone during compression loading, and it led to high residual tensile stresses ahead of the notch root upon unloading. Nucleation and growth of a model I fatigue crack were caused by the residual tensile stresses at the notch root. Along with propagation of the fatigue crack, a gradual decrease in crack growth rate was shown due to the crack closure caused by accumulating of debris particles within the wake of growing crack, and thus led to the crack arrested at last. The fatigue crack length was investigated as a function of notch length, the maximum compressive stress, stress range and load frequency.
Study of the AlON-VN Composite Ceramic
Authors: Sainbaatar  , Zhang Zuo Tai , Li Wen Chao , Wang Xi Dong
Published: March 2009

Aluminium oxynitride-vanadium nitride (AlON-VN) composite ceramic was fabricated based on thermodynamic analysis of V-Al-O-N systems. The results indicated that the VN dispersed homogeneously in AlON matrix and can reinforce AlON matrix. Oxidation behavior was studied and the results showed that it belongs to self-protective oxidation due to the good adherence of oxidation product.
Therefore, AlON-VN composites have excellent oxidation resistance.
Dielectric Properties of TiO2-Al2O3 Composite Ceramics
Authors: Lu Yan Ping , Shi Ming
Published: March 2009

TiO2-Al2O3 composite ceramics prepared by high temperature sintering in H2 atmosphere exhibit good microwave-absorbing behavior at high frequencies. In this paper, dielectric properties of TiO2-Al2O3 composite ceramic at high frequencies, which are correlated with its microwaveabsorbing characteristics, were measured by wave-guide reflective transmitting method. Effects of additives such as MnO2, CaO, SiO2, sintering process and atmosphere on high frequency dielectric
properties of TiO2-Al2O3 composite ceramic were investigated.
Investigation on the Modification Methods to Ceramic Cutting Tools
Authors: Miao He Zhuo , Peng Zhi Jian , Si Wen Jie , Qi Long Hao , Gong Jiang Hong , Pan Wei
Published: March 2009

There are too many methods to enhance the performance of ceramic cutting tools. All the methods can be sorted into two types: inner modification and surface modification. One of the main method to the inner modification of ceramic cutting tools is dispersion strengthening. Usually, in order to enhance the performance of ceramic cutting tools, some dispersed phases of TiN, TiC or TiCN, Al2O3,
and/or ZrO2, and so on, and/or some whiskers, or fibers were added into the ceramic matrixes. And the new types of cutting tools, which possessed much more excellent performance than the original ones, were called composite ceramic cutting tools. For the composite Si3N4-based ceramic, Al2O3-based ceramic, and TiCN-based cermet, the cutting efficiency could be enhanced to 3~10 times, compared with cemented carbide tools. And they can be used for rough and finish machining of various cast iron workpieces and hardened steels, respectively, including milling and planning. Ion implantation is a surface modification for ceramic cutting tools. With certain doses of metals, for example, titanium, zirconium and chromium, and so on, implanted into the ceramics, the hardness, Young’s modulus, fractural toughness, and bending strength, etc., can be enhanced. For Al2O3 and Si3N4 ceramics, the
hardness, Young’s modulus, and bending strength increased with a maximum factor of 50%, and the flank wear decreased with a factor of 2~12, compared with the unimplanted ceramic cutting tools. However, the main shortcoming of ion implantation to modify ceramics is the thickness of modified layers. They are,
usually, too thin for cutting tools. The so-called PHEDP, pulsed high energy density plasma, is another surface modification method for ceramic cutting tools proposed recently. With such method, much thicker coatings of TiN, TiCN and (Ti,Al)N, etc, were deposited onto Si3N4 and WC ceramic cutting tools.The main merits involved in high hardness and Young’s modulus of the coatings, low residual stresses,
and good adhesive strength between the coatings and substrates. And the flank wear of the as-depositedtools decreased with a factor of 5~10.
High-Performance Ceramic Coatings Sprayed via Novel Supersonic Plasma Spraying System
Authors: Zhu Sheng , Xu Bin Shi
Published: March 2009

A novel supersonic plasma spraying system was developed with a maximum power of 80 kW and a maximum working gas flow of 6 m3/h, at which gas and particle velocities of 2400 and 600 m/s can be achieved respectively. This paper deals with novel supersonic plasma spraying system design, the structure of novel supersonic plasma gun includes a special Laval nozzle as the single anode and inner powder supply, and the mechanisms of supersonic plasma jet as well as the effects on the sprayed particles. The spraying process parameters of several ceramic powders such as Al2O3, Cr2O3, ZrO2, Cr3C2 and Co-WC were optimized. The properties and microstructure of the sprayed ceramic coatings were investigated. Nano Al2O3-TiO2 ceramic coating sprayed by using novel supersonic plasma spraying was also studied. Novel supersonic plasma spraying improves greatly ceramic coatings quality compared with conventional air plasma spraying (Metco 9M), as well as it has lower energy and gas exhaustion compared with high power supersonic plasma spraying (Plazjet), which can spray high-performance ceramic coatings at low cost.