bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competition alters species’ plastic and genetic response to environmental change
Authors: Govaert Lynn , Gilarranz Luis J. , Altermatt Florian
Published: December 2021

Species react to environmental change via plastic and evolutionary responses. While both of them determine species’ survival, most studies quantify these responses individually. As species occur in communities, competing species may further influence their respective response to environmental change. Yet, how environmental change and competing species combined shape plastic and genetic responses to environmental change remains unclear. Quantifying how competition alters plastic and genetic responses of species to environmental change requires a trait-based, community and evolutionary ecological approach. We exposed unicellular aquatic organisms to long-term selection of increasing salinity—representing a common and relevant environmental change. We assessed plastic and genetic contributions to phenotypic change in biomass, cell shape, and dispersal ability along increasing levels of salinity in the presence and absence of competition. Trait changes in response to salinity were mainly due to mean trait evolution, and differed whether species evolved in the presence or absence of competition. Our results show that species’ evolutionary and plastic responses to environmental change depended both on competition and the magnitude of environmental change, ultimately determining species persistence. Our results suggest that understanding plastic and genetic responses to environmental change within a community will improve predictions of species’ persistence to environmental change.
Association between pancreatic fibrosis and development of pancreoprivic diabetes after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Lee Jung Min , Kim Hyung Sun , Lee Minyoung , Park Ho Seon , Kang Shinae , Nahm Ji Hae , Park Joon Seong
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the correlation between pancreatic fibrosis (PF) and development of pancreoprivic diabetes after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Ninety-five patients who underwent PD at Gangnam Severance Hospital between 2014 and 2017 were enrolled. PF grade was evaluated with alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and Masson’s trichrome (TRC) staining. New-onset pancreoprivic diabetes and recurrence of disease were evaluated using fasting blood glucose measurement and radiography taken at 3-month intervals. Sixty-one patients did not have preoperative diabetes, however, 40 (65.6%) patients developed pancreoprivic diabetes after PD. High-grade PF was more common in the diabetes group than in the normal group (SMA, 42.5% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.747; TRC, 47.5% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.361). The 1-year cumulative incidence of hyperglycemia/pancreoprivic diabetes was higher with high-grade PF than low-grade PF (SMA, 94.4% vs. 73.0%, P = 0.027; TRC, 89.3% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.074). The SMA-TRC combined high-grade group had a higher proportion of primary pancreatic disease than the combined low-grade group (90.0% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.001). The 5-year disease-free survival of patients with pancreatic cancer was worse with high-grade PF than low-grade PF (SMA, 24.5% vs. 66.3%, P = 0.026; TRC, 23.6% vs. 58.4%, P = 0.047). In conclusion, patients with severe PF are more likely to develop pancreoprivic diabetes after PD and have worse disease-free survival.
Influence of visual control on the quality of graphic gesture in children with handwriting disorders
Authors: Lopez Clémence , Vaivre-Douret Laurence
Published: December 2021

Handwriting disorders (HD) are considered one of the major public health problems among school-aged children worldwide with significant interference on academic performances. The current study hypothesized that HD could be partly explained by a deficit in sensory feedback processing during handwriting. To explore this hypothesis, we have analyzed the effect of vision suppression on postural-gestural and on spatial/temporal/kinematic organization of drawing during an early pre-scriptural loop task with a digital pen, under two conditions: eyes open and eyes closed. Data collected from 35 children with HD were compared to data collected from typical children (typical group) from primary schools. The HD group showed significantly poorer postural control and an improvement on the spatial/temporal/kinematic organization of drawings when they closed their eyes compared to eyes opened. While in the typical group, postural-gestural organization became significantly more mature but there was no significant influence found on spatial/temporal/kinematic parameters of the loops. Thus, handwriting disorders could be explained by both proprioceptive/kinesthetic feedback disabilities and a disruptive effect of the visual control on the quality of the pre-scriptural drawings among these children who have kinesthetic memory and visuospatial disabilities. The ability of directing the strokes would remain dependent on sensory feedbacks, themselves insufficiently efficient, which would lead to difficulties in reaching a proactive control of handwriting. This current research is a liable contribution to enhance clinical practice, useful in clinical decision-making processes for handwriting disorders remediation.
Interrogation of solution conformation of complex macrocyclic peptides utilizing a combined SEC-HDX-MS, circular dichroism, and NMR workflow
Authors: Adpressa Donovon A. , Reibarkh Mikhail , Jiang Yuan , Saurí Josep , Makarov Alexey A.
Published: December 2021

CD/SEC-HDX-MS/NMR workflow for accelerated determination of the 3D conformation of pharmaceutically relevant peptides in a free solution state.
A fire-retarding electrolyte using triethyl phosphate as a solvent for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Du Kang , Wang Chen , Balaya Palani , Gajjela Satyanarayana Reddy , Law Markas
Published: December 2021

Here, we introduce a fire-retarding electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries using fire-retardant triethyl phosphate (TEP) as a solvent. 3% vinylene carbonate (VC) is added to enhance its stability.
In situobservation of the electrochemical lithiation of a single MnO@C nanorod electrode with core/shell structure
Authors: Qiao Yuqing , Jia Peng , Ren Weiyang , Ding Shuaijun , Wen Yixuan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Xia Meirong , Fan Changzeng , Gao Weimin , Zhang Liqiang , Gao Faming , Huang Jianyu , Shen Tongde
Published: December 2021

A nanoscale Li-ion battery was constructed with a single MnO@C nanorod and the lithiation process during electrochemical reaction werein situvisualized in an aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscope.
Development of 1,8-naphthalimide dyes for rapid imaging of subcellular compartments in plants
Authors: Kusano Shuhei , Nakamura Sakuya , Izumi Masanori , Hagihara Shinya
Published: December 2021

We report the installation of 1,8-naphthalimide dyes in live cell imaging of plants. The structure of the chloroplasts or vacuole was rapidly and clearly visualized by 1,8-naphthalimide dyes.
The bi-metallic MOF-919 (Fe–Cu) nanozyme capable of bifunctional enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity
Authors: Kulandaivel Sivasankar , Lin Chia-Her , Yeh Yi-Chun
Published: December 2021

In this study, we report on a bi-metal organic framework, MOF-919 (Fe–Cu), capable of bifunctional-enzyme mimicking activity with oxidase- and peroxidase-like activities.
Boosting electrochemical nitrite–ammonia conversion properties by a Cu foam@Cu2O catalyst
Authors: Chen Qiuyue , An Xuguang , Liu Qian , Wu Xiaoqiang , Xie Lisi , Zhang Jing , Yao Weitang , Hamdy Mohamed S. , Kong Qingquan , Sun Xuping
Published: December 2021

CF@Cu2O is a superb NO2− reduction reaction electrocatalyst, achieving high-efficiency electrosynthesis of ammonia from nitrite with an excellent ammonia yield of 7510.73 μg h−1 cm−2 and Faraday efficiency of 94.21%.
Reentrant structural and optical properties of organic–inorganic hybrid metal cluster compound ((n-C4H9)4N)2[Mo6Bri8Bra6]
Authors: Saito Norio , Nishiyama Daiki , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Wada Yoshiki , Cordier Stéphane , Ohsawa Takeo , Grasset Fabien , Ohashi Naoki
Published: December 2021

A metal cluster-based inorganic–organic hybrid compound, (TBA)2[Mo6Bri8Bra6], exhibits a reentrant transition of the crystallographic structure and photoluminescence property in a low temperature range.
Efficient and ultra-thermally stable Eu3+ and Sm3+-activated narrow-band red/deep red-emitting phosphors and their versatile applications
Authors: Pradhan Priyadarshini , Priya Savita , Rajendran Marikumar , Singh Kasturi , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar
Published: December 2021

A succession of Eu3+-activated Na2Y4(WO4)7 (NYW) red phosphors were synthesised and their optical properties were studied in detail for white LED, latent fingerprint and plant growth applications.
Effects of red raspberry polyphenols and metabolites on the biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
Authors: Moreno Uclés Reynaldo , González-Sarrías Antonio , Espín Juan Carlos , Tomás-Barberán Francisco A. , Janes Marlene , Cheng Henrique , Finley John , Greenway Frank , Losso Jack N
Published: December 2021

Berry fruits are rich in polyphenolic compounds (PCs) and may promote health benefits.
UHT treatment and storage of liquid infant formula affects protein digestion and release of bioactive peptides
Authors: Ye Yuhui , Engholm-Keller Kasper , Fang Yajing , Nielsen Christian Fiil , Jordà Ariadna , Lund Marianne N. , Chatterton Dereck E. W.
Published: December 2021

UHT treatment and storage affect IF protein digestibility and the release of bioactive peptides due to structural changes and crosslinkings.
A novel UV, moisture and magnetic field triple-response smart insulating material achieving highly targeted self-healing based on nano-functionalized microcapsules
Authors: Sun Potao , Liu Fengqi , Sima Wenxia , Yuan Tao , Yang Ming , Liang Chen , Zhao Mingke , Yin Ze
Published: December 2021

UVMM triple-response microcapsules migrate towards the target area, and multiple stimuli, such as in situ UV generated by electrical trees, artificial external UV, or the moisture, are used to actively induce the curing of the healing agent.
Engineering the oxygen vacancies of rocksalt-type high-entropy oxides for enhanced electrocatalysis
Authors: Gu Yaohang , Bao Ateer , Wang Xuanyu , Chen Yizhen , Dong Liang , Liu Xin , Pan Haijun , Li Ying , Qi Xiwei
Published: December 2021

A new type of high-entropy oxides was synthesized by a modified solid-state reaction. The oxygen vacancies in the bulk determine the electrical conductivity, which is a key factor for the electrocatalytic performance.
A facile post-modification strategy for carboxylic acid-functionalized UV-responsive pressure-sensitive adhesives
Authors: Hwang Chiwon , Back Jong-Ho , Ahn Dowon , Paik Hyun-Jong , Lee Wonjoo , Yu Youngchang
Published: December 2021

UV-responsive pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were achieved through the ring-opening reactions of N-carbonyl aziridine radicals.
A facile and economical method to synthesize a novel wide gamut fluorescent copolyester with outstanding properties
Authors: Ma Lele , Liu Jiajian , Li Chuncheng , Xiao Yaonan , Wu Shaohua , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2021

A series of high molecular weight copolyesters PExBTyAm were synthesized by a simple and economical two-step polycondensation method, and for the first time we found that the copolyesters exhibited an green fluorescence under 365 nm UV light.
Glutathione-responsive multifunctional nanoparticles based on mannose-modified pillar[5]arene for targeted antibiotic delivery against intracellular methicillin-resistant S. aureus
Authors: Peng Haibo , Xie Beibei , Cen Xianfeng , Dai Jiaojiao , Dai Yuanwei , Yang Xiaohong , He Yun
Published: December 2021

GSH-responsive multifunctional antibiotic delivery system (WP5⊃G) was successfully developed. WP5⊃G could encapsulate linezolid (LZD) to form drug-loaded nanoparticles (LZD-WP5⊃G), improving the anti-intracellular MRSA activity of LZD with excellent biocompatibility.
Nanomaterial catalyzed green synthesis of tetrazoles and its derivatives: a review on recent advancements
Authors: Swami Suman , Sahu Satya Narayan , Shrivastava Rahul
Published: December 2021

Tetrazoles are indispensable nitrogen containing heterocyclic scaffolds that offer a broad spectrum of applications in various domains such as medicinal chemistry, high energy material science, biochemistry, pharmacologyetc.
Fabrication of polyoxometalate-modified palladium–nickel/reduced graphene oxide alloy catalysts for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity
Authors: Dehghani Sanij Fereshteh , Balakrishnan Prabhuraj , Su Huaneng , Khotseng Lindiwe , Xu Qian
Published: December 2021

A novel nanocatalyst, polyoxometalate-modified palladium–nickel/reduced graphene oxide (Pd8Ni2/rGO-POM), is prepared and served as an effective ORR nanomaterial in alkaline media.
Long range deuterium isotope effects on 13C NMR chemical shifts of 2-alkanones in CD3OD solutions of imidazolium acetate ionic liquids
Authors: Shahkhatuni Astghik A. , Shahkhatuni Aleksan G. , Harutyunyan Arpine S.
Published: December 2021

Long range deuterium isotope effects on the carbon spectral pattern in 2-hexanone reveal the existence and distribution of H/D isotopomers.
Realizing high performance flexible supercapacitors by electrode modification
Authors: Xia Tong , Zhao Depeng , Xia Qing , Umar Ahmad , Wu Xiang
Published: December 2021

We prepare hybrid structured NiCo2S4@PPy nanoarchitectures by a hydrothermal method and subsequent electrodeposition process. The assembled asymmetric device presents an energy density of 59.59 W h kg−1 at 1404.04 W kg−1.
Two dimensional nanosheets as immunoregulator improve HIV vaccine efficacy
Authors: Liu Ye , Balachandran Yekkuni L. , Li Zulan , Cong Yulong , Shao Yiming , Jiang Xingyu
Published: December 2021

2D NSs target lymph nodes and activate macrophages to enhance vaccine-induced immune responsesviaregulating six critical genes (Ccr2, Serpinb9, Klrk1, Klrd1, Klrc1, Msr1).
Mechanical stress affects dynamics and rheology of the human genome
Authors: Caragine Christina M. , Kanellakopoulos Nikitas , Zidovska Alexandra
Published: December 2021

Using a novel noninvasive approach, we measure dynamics and rheology of the genome in live human cells before and after applying mechanical stress. We find that mechanical stress alters both dynamics and material properties of the genome.
Glycerol oxidation-assisted electrochemical CO2 reduction for the dual production of formate
Authors: Pei Yuhou , Pi Zhenfeng , Zhong Heng , Cheng Jiong , Jin Fangming
Published: December 2021

Pairing Ni0.33Co0.67(OH)2@HOS/NF-catalyzed glycerol electrooxidation with CO2 electroreduction can lower down the energy consumption and realize highly-efficient dual production of formate at both cathode and anode.
Probing heat generation and release in a 57.5 A h high-energy-density Li-ion pouch cell with a nickel-rich cathode and SiOx/graphite anode
Authors: Qi Xiaopeng , Liu Bingxue , Yun Fengling , Wang Changhong , Wang Rennian , Pang Jing , Tang Haibo , Quan Wei , Zhang Qiang , Yang Man , Wu Shuaijin , Wang Jiantao , Sun Xueliang
Published: December 2021

This study clarifies the heat generation and release of a 57.5 Ah HED (266.9 W h kg−1) Li-ion cell with a nickel-rich cathode and SiOx/graphite anode. Significant heat accumulation and delayed heat release effects in large-format cells are uncovered.
Solution-processed self-powered near-infrared photodetectors of toxic heavy metal-free AgAuSe colloidal quantum dots
Authors: Wang Zan , Liu Fenghua , Gu Yunjiao , Hu Yigu , Wu Weiping
Published: December 2021

High-performance, solution-processed, self-powered, near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors based on novel AgAuSe alloy quantum dots (QDs) are fabricated for the first time and their photoelectric properties are explored.
Bioactive cationic peptides as potential agents for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Manrique-Moreno Marcela , Santa-González Gloria A. , Gallego Vanessa
Published: December 2021

Breast cancer continues to affect millions of women worldwide, and the number of new cases dramatically increases every year. The physiological causes behind the disease are still not fully understood. One in every 100 cases can occur in men, and although the frequency is lower than among women, men tend to have a worse prognosis of the disease. Various therapeutic alternatives to combat the disease are available. These depend on the type and progress of the disease, and include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and cancer immunotherapy. However, there are several well-reported side effects of these treatments that have a significant impact on life quality, and patients either relapse or are refractory to treatment. This makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. One promising initiative are bioactive peptides, which have emerged in recent years as a family of compounds with an enormous number of clinical applications due to their broad spectrum of activity. They are widely distributed in several organisms as part of their immune system. The antitumoral activity of these peptides lies in a nonspecific mechanism of action associated with their interaction with cancer cell membranes, inducing, through several routes, bilayer destabilization and cell death. This review provides an overview of the literature on the evaluation of cationic peptides as potential agents against breast cancer under different study phases. First, physicochemical characteristics such as the primary structure and charge are presented. Secondly, information about dosage, the experimental model used, and the mechanism of action proposed for the peptides are discussed.
Type identification and time location of multiple power quality disturbances based on KF‐ML‐aided DBN
Authors: Xi Yanhui , Chen Zixuan , Tang Xin , Li Zewen , Zeng Xiangjun
Published: December 2021

Type identification and time location of power quality disturbances (PQDs) is the key to adopting corresponding measures to suppress disturbances. More complex multiple disturbances caused by the overlapping of different micro‐grids make it a challenging task. The paper proposes a hybrid approach combing KF‐ML (Kalman filter based on maximum likelihood) with deep belief network (DBN) for dealing with PQDs. To be specific, the KF‐ML is firstly applied to reduce noise from the original distorted signal, and the innovation sequence obtained by KF‐ML can be used to locate starting–ending times of PQDs. Then, the DBN, which fuses feature extraction and classification into a single block, is capable of recognizing the type of PQDs accurately. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, 20 classes of PQDs with noise interference are tested, and experiment results show that the detection time of the proposed method is very close to the set time, and the absolute error of time location is less than 0.3 ms. The average classification accuracy at different noise levels reaches about 95%, and is very high even with more disturbances combined. Thus, the proposed method is immune to noise and less affected with more disturbances combined relative to other methods.
Dynamic modelling and optimal control of virtual power plant driven by commercial HVACs
Authors: Gao Ciwei , Song Meng , Ma Sisi , Guo Mingxing , Lv Ran , Fei Fei
Published: December 2021

Heating, ventilation, and air conditionings (HVACs) of commercial buildings bear a large amount of weight in total load and have emerged as a major flexible resource participating in power systems. HVACs can be aggregated in an entity to participate in power system dispatching. First, refrigeration and air systems modelling of HVACs is conducted. Second, commercial buildings with HVACs are encapsulated into a power‐smoothed and independent virtual generation unit (VGU) by using an internal integrated coordination control method, which characterizes the virtual generation capability of commercial buildings. Third, the dynamic modelling method of virtual power plant (VPP) is presented, and a local‐autonomous optimal control strategy of HVACs is proposed via centralized‐distributed architectures. The results of the analysis indicate that HVACs can be adequately regulated to participate in power system peak‐shaving.
Zeeman-Doppler imaging of five young solar-type stars
Authors: Willamo T. , Lehtinen J. J. , Hackman T. , Käpylä M. J. , Kochukhov O. , Jeffers S. V. , Korhonen H. , Marsden S. C.
Published: December 2021

Context. The magnetic activity of the Sun changes with the solar cycle. Similar cycles are found in other stars as well, but their details are not known to a similar degree. Characterising stellar magnetic cycles is important for the understanding of the stellar and solar dynamos that are driving the magnetic activity.

Aims. We present spectropolarimetric observations of five young, solar-type stars and compare them to previous observations, with the aim to identify and characterise stellar equivalents of the solar cycle.

Methods. We use Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI) to map the surface magnetic field and brightness of our targets. The magnetic field is decomposed into spherical harmonic expansions, from which we report the strengths of the axisymmetric versus non-axisymmetric and poloidal versus toroidal components, and we compare them to the Rossby numbers of the stars.

Results. We present five new ZDI maps of young, solar-type stars from December 2017. Of special interest is the case of V1358 Ori, which had gone through a polarity reversal between our observations and earlier ones. A less evident polarity reversal might also have occurred in HD 35296. There is a preference for a more axisymmetric field, and possibly a more toroidal field, for the more active stars with lower Rossby number, but a larger sample should be studied to draw any strong conclusions from this. For most of the individual stars, the amounts of toroidal and poloidal field have stayed on levels similar to those in earlier observations.

Conclusions. We find evidence for a magnetic polarity reversal having occurred in V1358 Ori. An interesting target for future observations is χ1 Ori, which may have a short magnetic cycle of a few years. The correlation between the brightness maps and the magnetic field is mostly poor, which could indicate the presence of small-scale magnetic features of different polarities that cancel one another out and are thus not resolved in our maps.
Herausforderung Therapiezielfestlegung
Authors: Blum Carlos González
Published: December 2021

In einem patientenorientierten Rehabilitationsprozess sollten die Wünsche und Ziele der Patienten im Zentrum stehen. Anhand welcher Kriterien können Therapeuten einschätzen, wie realistisch diese Wünsche und Ziele sind?
Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen – ganzheitliches Therapiekonzept mit funktioneller Ernährungsmedizin
Authors: Böhm Udo
Published: December 2021

Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen sind in westlichen Gesellschaften auf dem Vormarsch. Sie entwickeln sich langsam und werden durch ein Zusammenspiel verschiedener Faktoren verursacht, wobei der Lebensstil und die Versorgung mit essenziellen Mikronährstoffen eine tragende Rolle spielen. Die wichtigsten der heute diskutierten Risikofaktoren und Trigger für die Entstehung und das Fortschreiten neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen werden vorgestellt sowie ihre Auswirkungen auf den gesamten Stoffwechsel und die Resilienz des Organismus. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich aufgrund der Vielfalt neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen auf das Gesamtkonzept aus Ursachenergründung und ganzheitlichen präventiven oder therapeutischen Maßnahmen. In der Praxis können direkt umsetzbare Möglichkeiten zur Stärkung der körpereigenen Ressourcen sowie zur Prävention und Therapie von neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen unter ganzheitlichen Gesichtspunkten mit Schwerpunkt auf Lebensstil-, Umwelt- und funktionelle Ernährungsmedizin angewendet werden.
Die Nachsorge nach einem Schlaganfall
Authors: von Büdingen Hans Joachim , Kunz Jürgen
Published: December 2021

In den letzten Jahren konnten große Fortschritte in der Akutversorgung und Rehabilitation nach Schlaganfall erzielt werden. Allerdings gibt es in der deutschen Regelversorgung bisher keine flächendeckende Versorgungsstruktur für eine multidisziplinäre, interprofessionelle und sektorenübergreifende Nachsorgebehandlung. Das bedeutet, dass keine einheitlich gute Versorgungsqualität im chronischen Krankheitsverlauf sichergestellt werden kann. „Chronisch” bedeutet „ein Leben lang“.
Häusliches (Zusammen-)Leben nach schwerem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma
Authors: von Bosse Alexa , Richter Robert
Published: December 2021

Das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ist eine Hauptursache für Morbidität und Mortalität in der heutigen Gesellschaft. Eine Fallanalyse verdeutlicht vor dem Hintergrund theoretischer Vorannahmen die Dringlichkeit einer Sensibilisierung von Fachpersonal für frühestmögliche und kontinuierliche edukative Intervention bei chronisch schwer betroffenen Patienten und zwingend auch deren Angehörigen, um Abhängigkeitsverhältnissen, Überforderung und Komorbiditäten vorzubeugen.
Die Behandlung des M. Parkinson aus der Perspektive der Āyurveda-Medizin
Authors: Chopra Ananda Samir
Published: December 2021

Āyurveda bietet vielfältige wirksame Behandlungsansätze zur Behandlung des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms. Da es in der klassischen āyurvedischen Literatur keine direkte Entsprechung zum modern definierten Krankheitsbild des M. Parkinson gibt, muss man stets eine individuelle Einschätzung von Krankheit und Konstitution des jeweiligen Patienten nach āyurvedischen Kriterien vornehmen. Aus āyurvedischer Sicht liegt beim Parkinson-Syndrom vor allem eine Vāta-Störung sowie eine Schwäche der Verdauungskraft vor. Aufgrund dieser Einschätzung erfolgt dann eine individuelle Therapie. Der erste Schritt in der āyurvedischen Behandlung besteht aus Empfehlungen zu Ernährung und Lebensweise.

Darüber hinaus verfügt der Āyurveda über eine reiche Arzneimittelkunde, insbesondere pflanzliche Arzneien. Im Zusammenhang mit der Behandlung des M. Parkinson haben die Samen der Juckbohne (Mucuna pruriens) eine gewisse Prominenz erlangt, da sie unter anderem L-Dopamin enthalten. Auch das Pañcakarma-Therapieverfahren, ein komplexes āyurvedisches Therapieverfahren aus ausleitenden und krankheitsbesänftigenden Therapieansätzen, bewährt sich in der Behandlung des M. Parkinson.
Der Einsatz von Homöopathie in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Hock Nikolaus
Published: December 2021

Homöopathische Mittel kommen nicht nur bei physischen Beschwerden, sondern auch bei psychischen Erkrankungen zum Einsatz. Die Wahl des homöopathischen Arzneimittels orientiert sich an den Symptomen. Voraussetzung für eine sinnvolle homöopathische Behandlung ist die ausreichende Fachkenntnis des Arztes sowie die Krankheitseinsicht des Patienten. Forschung und Praxis zeigen, dass homöopathische Mittel selbst bei wiederkehrenden Beschwerden und Arzneimittelresistenz einen positiven Effekt auf den Krankheitsverlauf bewirken können.
Akupunktur in der Psychiatrie – Chancen und Grenzen
Authors: Musil Richard , Hofer Eva-Maria , Colling Christoph
Published: December 2021

Akupunktur wird in zunehmendem Umfang an deutschen psychiatrischen Kliniken angeboten. Die Evidenz in der publizierten Literatur hat über die letzten Jahre deutlich zugenommen. Die Qualität der Studien muss sich allerdings weiterhin verbessern, um zu klaren Ergebnissen und Empfehlungen in Metaanalysen zu kommen. Insbesondere bei depressiven Erkrankungen und Traumafolgestörungen könnte Akupunktur durch seine Nebenwirkungsarmut in Zukunft einen größeren Stellenwert gewinnen. Akupunktur lässt sich in unterschiedliche Behandlungsstrategien relativ einfach integrieren. Eine große Hürde stellt allerdings die geringe Verbreitung einer ausreichenden Ausbildung bei Behandlern in psychiatrischen und psychosomatischen Kliniken dar.
Präsentation von Palliativstationen und SAPV-Teams im Internet – eine korpusbasierte Metaanalyse von Webseiten
Authors: Peters Joachim , Dykes Natalie , Heckel Maria , Ostgathe Christoph , Habermann Mechthild
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund Internetseiten stellen eine wichtige Säule in der Darstellungs- und Informationspolitik palliativmedizinischer Angebote dar. Sie fungieren als Anlaufstelle für Patienten und Angehörige, aber auch für medizinisch interessierte Laien.

Methoden Es wurden 488 auf dem Wegweiser Palliativmedizin (Stand 31.7.2019) verlinkte Webseiten untersucht (242 Palliativstationen; 246 SAPV-Teams). Die Selbstdarstellung von palliativmedizinischen Versorgungsangeboten auf Webseiten wurde unter Einsatz von Keyword-Recherchen und manueller Suchanfragen analysiert.

Ergebnisse Palliativmedizinische Webseiten stellen das Konzept von Palliativversorgung im Allgemeinen dar, umreißen den Anwendungsbereich palliativen Handelns, nennen wichtige Erkrankungen und Symptome und heben die Besonderheiten des eigenen Angebots hervor. Die Webseiten der SAPV und der Palliativstationen unterscheiden sich im Hinblick auf ihre Selbstdarstellung und auf die Darstellung der eigenen Professionalität.

Diskussion Eine inhaltliche Verengung der Webseiten auf Krebserkrankungen und die Symptome Schmerz, Luftnot und Übelkeit/Erbrechen spiegelt nicht die aktuelle fachliche Diskussion über u. a. neurodegenerative Erkrankungsbilder und psychosoziale Symptome wider.

Schlussfolgerung Die Webseiten könnten dahingehend ergänzt werden, Patienten und Angehörigen das Wiedererkennen ihrer eigenen Situation zu ermöglichen und das Aufgabenfeld der Palliativversorgung umfassender abzubilden.
An Approach to the Synthesis of a Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitor through a Proline-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Using Acrolein
Authors: Carrillo Luisa , Vicario Jose L. , Ugarriza Iratxe , Reyes Efraím , Prieto Liher , Uria Uxue
Published: December 2021

An efficient and easy protocol for performing 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition using azomethine ylides and acrolein is presented. The reaction catalyzed by d-proline allows the synthesis of C-3 unsubstituted pyrrolidines. The application of this methodology to the synthesis of an advanced intermediate in the preparation of a Hepatitis C virus inhibitor is presented. Final attempts to complete the synthesis of the target inhibitor results in the preparation of its C-4 epimer in good overall yield.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Attitudes of Gynecologic Patients: Experience in a Tertiary Clinic
Authors: Yorgancı Ayçağ , Öztürk Uğur Kemal , Evliyaoğlu Bozkurt Özlem , Akyol Mesut , Pay Ramazan Erda , Engin-Ustun Yaprak
Published: December 2021

Objective To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding complementary and alternative medicine methods of patients who were admitted to gynecology outpatient clinics.

Methods In the present survey, a questionnaire on complementary and alternative medicine practices was applied on 1,000 women (ages between 18 and 83 years old) who were admitted to the gynecology outpatient clinic of a tertiary maternity hospital. Demographic features and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about these methods were inquired in face-to-face interviews.

Results While 80.7% of the total participants thought that complementary and alternative medicine was beneficial, only 37.5% of them had used these methods previously. The rate of prior knowledge on this subject was of 59.7% and the source of information was physicians for 8.5% of the patients. However, 72.4% of all participants wanted to obtain information on these methods and 93.7% wanted to be informed by physicians. In the decision tree model, having knowledge about complementary and alternative medicine was the most effective factor determining its use (p < 0.001). Phytotherapy was found to be the most used method, with 91.4%. The most preferred plant was onion (18.9%), and the most common reasons for herbal use were stress (15.4%) and fatigue (15.2%).

Conclusion More than one-third of the patients who applied to the gynecology outpatient clinics used one of the complementary and alternative medicine methods at least once. As gynecologists and obstetricians, we need to be more knowledgeable about these methods to provide correct guidance to our patients for accessing accurate and effective information.
Ultrathin atomic layer deposited niobium oxide as a passivation layer in silicon based photovoltaics
Authors: Leach Connor J. , Davis Benjamin E. , Garland Ben M. , Thorpe Ryan , Strandwitz Nicholas C.
Published: December 2021

Atomic layer deposited (ALD) niobium oxide (NbOx) films were investigated for their passivation properties through minority carrier lifetime measurements and compared to a well-known passivating material, aluminum oxide. ALD alumina is known to passivate by a combination of field-effect passivation from fixed charges and chemical passivation from hydrogenation of dangling bonds. It was hypothesized that niobium oxide films passivate by varying degrees of the same mechanisms found in alumina. The effects of ALD oxygen source (water or ozone) and varying anneal temperatures were correlated to passivation quality. Lifetimes of sub-1 nanometer films were specifically investigated. It was found that water is a superior oxidant for passivation relative to O3. Thermally activated NbOx films deposited with water have near equivalent or superior lifetimes to alumina of the same thickness after equivalent annealing at temperatures up to 350 °C. Chemical analyses by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to investigate the suspected mechanisms of passivation. It was suggested that field-effect passivation is the dominating mechanism in NbOx films based on correlations between band movement as probed by XPS and the lifetime data presented in this work. This work provides new insights into the applicability of niobium oxide as a passivating selective contact for silicon photovoltaics with the goal of reaching new record efficiencies in solar cells.
Diffusiophoresis of a highly charged dielectric fluid droplet
Authors: Wu Yvonne , Jian Elaine , Fan Leia , Tseng Jessica , Wan Renee , Lee Eric
Published: December 2021

Diffusiophoresis of a dielectric fluid droplet with constant surface charge density in a symmetric binary electrolyte solution is investigated theoretically in this study, focusing on the chemiphoresis component, the very heart of diffusiophoresis. The resultant electrokinetic equations are solved with a pseudo-spectral method based on Chebyshev polynomial in the spirit of a computational fluid dynamic simulation. Reversions of moving directions are found for droplets less viscous than ambient solution when the electrolyte strength is increased due to the buildup of osmosis pressure in front of the moving droplets leading to an osmosis pressure gradient upon the droplet. The upward spouting effect of the spinning droplet surface is also responsible this buildup, which hinders the downward migration of ions and holds them up there. A solid particle may move faster than a gas bubble due to the energy consumption in the formation of an induced exterior vortex flow nearby surrounding the gas bubble. The less viscous the droplet is, the more severe this consumption is. A “solidification” phenomenon is observed where all the droplets move at the same speed with their surfaces and interior fluids motionless like rigid particles. Funnel-shape local extrema of mobility profiles provide solid evidence that the diffusion-induced double layer polarization is the very cause of the droplet motion in chemiphoresis. Excellent agreement with experimental data for a rigid particle is obtained. The study provides insights and guidelines in practical applications like drug delivery and other dead-end-pore types of operations such as EOR.
Perspective on statistical effects in the adhesion of micropatterned surfaces
Authors: Booth Jamie A. , Hensel René
Published: December 2021

Bioinspired micropatterned adhesives have attracted extensive research interest in the past two decades. In modeling the performance of these adhesives, the common assumption has been that the adhesive strength of each sub-contact is identical. Recent experiments, however, have shown that interfacial defects of different characters lead to a distribution of the adhesive strength within a fibrillar array. Based on experimental observations of detachment events, a statistical model for the distribution of the local adhesive strength and the resulting performance of a micropatterned adhesive are presented. This approach constitutes a paradigm shift, providing better understanding of micropatterned adhesives under real conditions. Examples presented include the prediction of unstable detachments in compliant systems. Future directions are discussed, including the extension of the statistical approach to non-uniform loading and rate-dependent effects, the contribution of suction to adhesion and aging of contacts over specific time periods, as well as the necessity for a more in-depth understanding of defect formation considering surface roughness and other imperfections in the system.
Optical spectra of the quantum defects in metal halide perovskites
Authors: Cui Yu , Liu Xiao-Yi , Deng Jia-Pei , Ma Xu-Fei , Li Zhi-Qing , Wang Zi-Wu
Published: December 2021

Defects in metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are of fundamental importance to understand optical properties of materials. Here, optical transitions of negative, positive, and neutral defects in MHPs are studied based on the quantum defect model. We find that the intensities of emission peaks are obviously enhanced along with a nonlinear redshift as the depth of defect levels increases in the bandgap. Moreover, the full width at half-maximum of emission spectra can be broadened from tens to hundreds of meV with the increasing temperature. This can be attributed to the strong defect-longitudinal optical phonon coupling, resulting in the enhanced lattice relaxation effect, which could be used as a judging criterion between defects and exciton emission. These results not only provide deep insight for the properties of defect's spectra but also shed light on the influence of defects on the potential applications of MHP-based optoelectronic devices.
Particle induced visible light absorption enhancement on Al–Cu–Mg alloy fatigue fracture surfaces
Authors: Zhao Junfeng , Song Wencheng , Shi Dandan , Shi Xianli , Dong Xiaoyan , Liu Wenwen , Li Caiqiong , Yu Xinxiang , Dai Han
Published: December 2021

Particle induced visible light absorption enhancement on Al–Cu–Mg alloy fatigue fracture surfaces has been studied. By the calculations of three possible structures in optical dark areas (ODAs) in Al–Cu–Mg alloys, the light absorption abilities of Cu nanoparticles and Cu/Al2O3 particles are clearly revealed. Based on the calculations, the formation mechanism of ODA can be mainly attributed to the formation of Cu nanoparticles and Cu/Al2O3 particles, which lead to strong light absorption enhancement in the visible spectrum. In detail, Cu nanoparticles with larger radii exhibit higher light absorption. In addition, the formation of Cu/Al2O3 particles can further enhance the light absorption of Cu nanoparticles in ODA, which coincide well with the experimental results. The cathodic protection method is proved as an efficient way for avoiding the formation of ODA, and thus, the fatigue life of Al–Cu–Mg alloys is also greatly improved. This work should provide deeper insights into the formation mechanism of ODA in Al–Cu–Mg and other Cu contained Al alloys with high-cycle loadings.
Polarized information ecosystems can reorganize social networks via information cascades
Authors: Tokita Christopher K. , Guess Andrew M. , Tarnita Corina E.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Many argue that partisan media coverage creates political polarization by pushing people’s opinions to extremes, but evidence is mixed. We instead propose that partisan media coverage can cause polarization by altering people’s social connections and reorganizing social networks along political lines. Using computational modeling and social media data, we explore how people may adjust their social ties to avoid the sharing behavior of friends who might be engaging with news from nonpreferred information sources. Our model suggests that polarization is driven to a large extent by unfollowing, which can gradually—and inadvertently—produce homogeneous online networks, known to reduce exposure to challenging information and encourage outgroup hostility. In this way, institutional polarization can reverberate through the networked mass public.
Segregation and clustering of preferences erode socially beneficial coordination
Authors: Vasconcelos Vítor V. , Constantino Sara M. , Dannenberg Astrid , Lumkowsky Marcel , Weber Elke , Levin Simon
Published: December 2021

Significance

With different types and manifestations of polarization growing, it is crucial to understand their impact on welfare-promoting processes in society. This understanding is important when polarization interrupts both socially and individually optimal outcomes. We propose a model and framework to study and quantify the relationship between polarization and the ability to coordinate. We show, analytically, that some degree of diversity of opinions may be beneficial to coordination. Then, we explore, both computationally and through experiments, the role that properties of networks, namely segregation and biased perceptions, play in eroding coordination and moving societies away from the social optimum. We expect this work to provide the basis for upcoming research on the connection between the polarization of opinions and social outcomes.
Computing the daily reproduction number of COVID-19 by inverting the renewal equation using a variational technique
Authors: Alvarez Luis , Colom Miguel , Morel Jean-David , Morel Jean-Michel
Published: December 2021

Significance

Based on a signal-processing approach, we propose a method to compute the reproduction number

R
t

, the transmission potential of an epidemic over time.

R
t

is estimated by minimizing a functional that enforces: 1) the ability to produce an incidence curve

i
t

corrected of the weekly periodic bias produced by the “weekend effect,” obtained from

R
t

through a renewal equation; and 2) the regularity of

R
t

. A good agreement is found between our

R
t

estimate and the one provided by the currently accepted method, EpiEstim, except that our method predicts

R
t

several days closer to present. We provide the mathematical arguments for this shift.
The emergence and perils of polarization
Authors: Baldassarri Delia , Page Scott E.
Published: December 2021

We provide commentaries on the papers included in the Dynamics of Political Polarization Special Feature. Baldassarri reads the contribution of the papers in light of the theoretical distinction between ideological partisanship, which is generally rooted in sociodemographic and political cleavages, and affective partisanship, which is, instead, mostly fueled by emotional attachment and repulsion, rather than ideology and material interests. The latter, she argues, is likely to lead to a runaway process and threaten the pluralistic bases of contemporary democracy. Page sees the contribution of the many distinct models in the ensemble as potentially contributing more than the parts. Individual papers identify distinct causes of polarization as well as potential solutions. Viewed collectively, the papers suggest that the multiple causes of polarization may self-reinforce, which suggests that successful interventions would require a variety of efforts. Understanding how to construct such interventions may require larger models with greater realism.
How can register analysis inform task-based language teaching?
Authors: Crawford William J. , Zhang Meixiu
Published: December 2021

For over 30 years, corpus research on register variation has expanded our understanding of language use by
illustrating how linguistic features co-occur and vary in different situations of use (Biber
& Conrad 2019). Over the same period, Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) has provided a theoretical and empirical
basis for research in instructed Second Language Acquisition/SLA (Ellis 2012). This paper
illustrates how the methods and approaches used in register analysis offer a useful framework for understanding critical issues in
TBLT (e.g., describing tasks and interpreting task performance). The paper compares register analysis and TBLT and then draws upon
recent empirical work demonstrating how a register approach (a) identifies a wider range of linguistic and non-linguistic variables
than are generally in TBLT; and, (b) provides a useful framework to functionally interpret task performance. The paper ends by
discussing how a register perspective can benefit future areas of investigation in task-based second language research.
Drought and tick dynamics during climate change.
Authors: Benoit Joshua , Oyen Kennan
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion highlights the relevance of maintenance of water balance in the off-host survival of ticks as well as the behavioural, physiological and molecular/biochemical mechanisms used by ticks to prevent and respond to drought and climate change.
Birds, ticks and climate change.
Authors: Kelly Tom , Healy John , Coughlan Neil
Published: December 2021

This chapter discusses the relationships between birds, ticks and climate change. Birds as vectors of ticks and climate change impacts on birds and bird migration are discussed in detail.
Climate impacts on Dermacentor reticulatus tick population dynamics and range.
Authors: Zając Zbigniew
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion describes the occurrence of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in Europe and discusses the impact of climate change on the population dynamics and range of D. reticulatus populations.
The impact of climate change on the biology of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus: current knowledge and gaps to be filled.
Authors: Santos Isabel , Szabó Matias Pablo Juan , Caetano Alexandre Rodrigues , de Camargo Maristela Martins
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion revisits the factors affecting the on- and off-host ecology of Rhipicephalus microplus in the context of climate change. It also highlights how the negative effects of heat stress caused by climate change on animal welfare, productivity and health of cattle will likely become more of an issue in the future if the Earth's climate continues to warm as predicted.
Argasidae: distribution and vectorial capacity in a changing global environment.
Authors: Filatov Serhii , Rego Ryan
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion discusses the available information on soft tick (Argasidae) physiology and ecology, how they affect the ticks' current geographical distributions and how distributions might change in response to global climatic changes and anthropogenic transformation of the environment.
Effects of climate change on babesiosis vectors.
Authors: Gray Jeremy
Published: December 2021

This chapter discusses the impact of climate change on the abundance and distribution of babesiosis vectors and, by implication, transmission of Babesia spp. It discusses evidence for climate change impact on the vectors Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis punctata and Hyalomma spp. as well as the absence of evidence of the same climate change effects on the vectors Rhipicephalus spp. and I. scapularis.
Spatiotemporal and demographic patterns of transmission of Kyasanur forest disease virus in India.
Authors: Pandey Neha , Singh Sunit K.
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion summarizes the epidemiology and transmission of Kyasanur forest disease virus in India and discusses the potential impacts of climatic change.
Synopsis: disease.
Authors: Nuttall Pat
Published: December 2021

This synopsis provides a brief overview of the expert opinions related to disease that consider whether or not changes in climate affect various aspects of the tick-host-pathogen biosphere, ranging from the triangle of tick-host-pathogen molecular interactions to disease ecology in various regions and ecosystems of the world.