bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prioritizing Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge in federal decision-making: insights from faculty, graduate students, and tribal leaders
Authors: Lefthand-Begay Clarita , Agajanian Taylor J , Carbajalt Itza A , La Torre Joanna C , Littlesun Cheyne P , McCarty Micah , Rose Jessica M , Ruhm Robin , Sheban Caitie , Yamane Cherry YEW , Williams Michael
Published: March 2024

In response to the mounting global climate crisis, the Biden administration began developing guidelines for incorporating Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge into US federal decision-making. Though Indigenous Peoples are the original caretakers and stewards of the land, colonization, breached treaties, and false narratives have affected self-determination, treaty rights, and land management. This has negative consequences on the environment, and health of all our relations. When considering the sensitivity of knowledge, information, and data about sacred cultural systems, many Indigenous communities are wary of the high potential of misrepresentation, disrespectful handling, and cooptation. These concerns only deepen with conversations about opening public access to Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge because such policies would allow for the broad sharing of data and its ongoing re-use. We assert that Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge must be incorporated respectfully, knowledge integration must benefit all Indigenous communities, and all Indigenous communities must lead in the process of incorporating Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge into federal decision-making.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men’s groups and social and emotional wellbeing: a scoping review
Authors: Fisher (Wakka Wakka) Samual , King Kylie , Paton (Gunai, Monaro Ngarigo) Doris , Gee Graham , Jobson Laura
Published: March 2024

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men’s groups are recognised for improving the wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men. However, there is currently no published evidence of the synthesis of these groups. This review examined the characteristics, aims, activities and impacts of these groups. PsycINFO, MEDLINE and HealthInfoNet were utilised to identify the published and grey literature from the year 2000 onwards, from which we selected 19 articles. Groups were described as safe spaces that utilise a holistic and strengths-based approach. This translated to their aims, which were to improve the social and emotional wellbeing of men and their communities. Activities included periodic meetings, programme and service delivery, and health promotion and education. Impacts included self-development, increased optimism and support for men’s broader communities. These groups appear to operate in ways that are consistent with the social and emotional wellbeing framework and provide a form of social and cultural support for men.
Exploring responses to mainstream news among heavy and non-news users: From high-effort pragmatic scepticism to low effort cynical disengagement
Authors: Park Sora , Fisher Caroline , Fletcher Richard , Tandoc Edson , Dulleck Uwe , Fulton Janet , Stepnik Agata , Yao Shengnan Pinker
Published: March 2024

Research shows the growth of online information has led to a decline in audience trust in mainstream news. However, how this lowered trust in the news affects different audiences’ attitudes and news consumption behaviour is less understood. Our thematic analysis of 40 semi-structured interviews with Australian heavy and non-news users of mainstream news shows that responses vary with respect to the effort taken to verify dubious news. Among heavy news users, responses include ‘pragmatic scepticism’, ‘selective trust’ and ‘generalised cynicism’ which tend to drive verification and fact-checking behaviours. These findings suggest that mistrust in mainstream news is not necessarily a bad thing, as it can lead to greater critical involvement with news and information. However, many non-news users depicted ‘critically conscious’ or ‘cynically disengaged’ attitudes towards news. A lack of trust can drive a low-effort response, particularly among non-news consumers, creating a downward spiral of disengagement.
Blaming the smurf: Using a novel social deception behavior in online games to test attribution theories
Authors: Monge Charles K , Matthews Nicholas L
Published: March 2024

Despite their popularity, online video games possess pervasive toxicity. However, players do not categorically judge toxic behaviors as wrong. Attribution theories are well suited to disambiguate such judgment variance, but debate exists on the usefulness of motivated versus socially regulated blame perspectives. By exploring a new, potentially toxic behavior called “smurfing,” we innovate on methodological barriers that make experimentally disentangling socially regulated and motivated attribution perspectives difficult. In Study 1, we empirically present, describe, and explore smurfing and its perceived effects as a novel cheating behavior in online gaming. In Study 2, we extracted player-generated reasons for smurfing and manipulated the stakes of games to manipulate transgression salience (a key factor of blame attribution) across a moral continuum. By having participants use a mock crowd-sourced judgment platform, we observed the (in)stability of stakes across a continuum of reasons. We subsequently replicated our findings with a novel sample in Study 3.
Doing being ordinary nonetheless: Navigating social expectations in a peer support group
Authors: Hitzler Sarah
Published: March 2024

Peer support groups offer spaces where individuals with similar problems can gather to offer each other support and understanding. Successions of narratives have been described as very effective instruments in building shared understanding in such groups. This article adds to these findings by analyzing a single case in an obesity support group. It shows that successions of narratives can be used to question social assumptions of ordinariness which are exclusionary toward the group’s members. In their place, the group jointly develops and establishes an alternative and specifically inclusionary understanding of ordinariness. This redefinition offers members a sense of belonging with respect to those exact aspects which may be grounds for exclusionary experiences in other situations and equips them with alternative interpretations of such encounters. In the analysis, Sacks’ concept of ordinariness is drawn on to denote a dynamic, situated and relational accomplishment based on experience rather than norms.
Tensile anisotropy of powder bed fusion steel 316L: A practical study on the effect of build orientation
Authors: O’Neill Ivan , Dayanand Aashrith , Keaveney Shane , Kourousis Kyriakos I.
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the tensile anisotropy of steel 316L fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), built at different orientations. Tensile tests were performed on as-built L-PBF specimens produced at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° angles. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elasticity modulus experienced a decrease with an increasing build angle. Conversely, elongation at fracture increased as the build angle increased. The Elasticity modulus was found to be substantially lower than the nominal values reported in the material data sheet of the L-PBF equipment manufacturer. Fractography performed via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has found indications of porosity and lack of fusion that may have contributed to lower Elasticity modulus and an overall impacted mechanical performance. A complementary powder quality analysis has offered further insights on this and provided indications on the powder recycling impact.
Effect of MAPE on the morphological, physical and mechanical properties of GTR/PP composites produced by rotational moulding
Authors: Dou Yao , Rodrigue Denis
Published: March 2024

In this work, untreated ground tire rubber (GTR) and maleated polyethylene-treated GTR (GTR/MAPE) were dry-blended with polypropylene (PP) to produce PP/GTR and PP/MAPE/GTR blends via rotational moulding. From the samples produced (0–50 wt-%), a complete characterisation including morphological, physical and mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact) was performed. The results showed that all the mechanical properties of PP/MAPE/GTR are below the neat PP values due to the elastomeric properties of GTR. However, the properties were significantly higher for GTR/MAPE compared to neat GTR. For example, the tensile modulus and tensile strength increased by up to 57% and 76%, respectively. Similarly, the flexural modulus and impact strength were improved by up to 74% and 52%, respectively. These results indicated that successful rotomoulding of these blends was achieved with good mechanical properties for the range of parameters studied.
Crystallization induced segregated structure for outstanding conductive property with low percolation threshold
Authors: Yang Beixue , Yang Zhangbin , Zhou Zichen , Zhang Jun , Bao Jianning
Published: March 2024

Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) are promising alternatives to metal conductive materials due to their light-weight and low-cost. This work investigates the effect of the crystallization behavior of the matrix on the electrical property of CPCs, where semi-crystalline polypropylene (PP) and amorphous styrene-butadiene-styrene tri-block copolymer (SBS) are selected as a matrix, respectively, and conductive carbon black (CB) particles are introduced into matrixes by melting blending. Based on the electrical properties of CPCs with various CB contents and percolation theory, the percolation threshold of 1.8 vol% in PP matrix composites is obtained, much lower than that of SBS matrix composites (5.4 vol%). The analysis with a polarizing microscope and differential scanning calorimeter confirms that such a significant difference in percolation threshold between two composites is due to the crystallization behavior while the crystallization induced segregated structure is proposed. Finally, the rheology behaviors and mechanical properties are characterized for microstructures and applications, respectively.
Effect of silicon carbide particles on the mechanical, thermal and structural properties of recycled high-density polyethylene
Authors: Bera Tanusree , Sethi Rasmi Ranjan , Mohanty Smita
Published: March 2024

In this research work, recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE)/silicon carbide (SiC) composites were produced by melt compounding followed by injection moulding technique. It has been revealed from the mechanical properties that the addition of SiC increases the hardness, density, flexural strength of the composite and tensile strength of the composite. The impact strength at 15 wt-% SiC composite gives the best results. From the thermal analysis, it was observed that the addition of SiC in rHDPE increases the melting point and total enthalpy of crystallisation. The residual value of rHDPE composites increases with the rise in filler loading which enhances the thermal stability of the composites. Melt flow index (MFI) decreases with the increased in silicon carbide. The heat deflection temperature (HDT) increased with the loading of filler content. The contact angle analysis revealed the hydrophilic nature of the composite. MFI reduced with the incorporation of filler content. The SEM images concluded the agglomeration of the composite at higher filler fractions. These results confirm the possibility of using rHDPE/SiC composite to produce various parts for household commodities and structural applications.
Child Maltreatment, Adult Trauma, and Mental Health Symptoms Among Women Veterans: A Scoping Review of Published Quantitative Research
Authors: Presseau Candice , Carney Jessica R. , Kline Nora K. , Grimshaw Alyssa A. , DeMoss Lauren , Gunderson Craig , Portnoy Galina A.
Published: March 2024

The objective of this scoping review was to describe and synthesize the measures, methods, and key findings of published quantitative research examining the influence of child maltreatment (i.e., abuse and/or neglect) and adult trauma exposure on mental health symptoms among women Veterans. A systematic search from database inception to June 2023 generated 18,861 unique articles retrieved and independently screened for eligibility. A total of 21 articles met pre-established inclusion criteria: (a) quantitative data and results within a sample or subsample of U.S. women veterans, (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal, and (c) examining variables of interest simultaneously (i.e., child maltreatment, adult trauma exposure, mental health symptom) in quantitative analyses. Reviewed literature showed a lack of uniformity in measurement and methodologies to evaluate women veterans’ lifetime trauma exposure in relation to mental health. Studies most frequently used self-report survey data to evaluate exposure to child maltreatment and/or adult trauma with convenience samples of women veterans (52.4%, n = 11) and examined depressive and/or posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Findings demonstrate the need for additional research attending to the interplay between child maltreatment and adult trauma exposures in relation to women veterans’ mental health using comprehensive assessment, longitudinal methods, and understudied as well as more representative samples.
A Systematic Review of the Impacts of Media Mental Health Awareness Campaigns on Young People
Authors: Tam Mallorie T. , Wu Julia M. , Zhang Cindy C. , Pawliuk Colleen , Robillard Julie M.
Published: March 2024

Mental health issues are prevalent among young people. An estimated 10% of children and adolescents worldwide experience a mental disorder, yet most do not seek or receive care. Media mental health awareness campaigns, defined as marketing efforts to raise awareness of mental health issues through mass media, are an effort to address this concern. While previous research has evaluated the outcomes of specific media mental health awareness campaigns, there is limited data synthesizing their overall effects. This study addresses the knowledge gap by reviewing the existing literature on the impact of media mental health awareness campaigns on young people. A search was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2004 and 2022 with results specific to people aged 10 to 24. Out of 20,902 total studies identified and screened, 18 studies were included in the review. The following data were extracted from each study: characteristics and descriptions of the campaign, evaluation design and sampling, and summary of impact. The review identified evaluations of 15 campaigns from eight different countries. Outcome evaluation methods commonly comprised of surveys and quantitative data. The campaigns were generally associated with positive changes in the attitudes, beliefs, and intentions of young people (e.g., reduced stigma) and positive changes in behaviors (e.g., increased help-seeking behaviors). The inclusion of few studies in the review indicates a need for ongoing evaluations of media mental health awareness campaigns for young people to inform good practices in their development and distribution.
Genome-wide Analysis Identified SEMA4D, Novel Candidate Gene for Temperature Sensitivity in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Park Jung-Hyang , Kwag Eunbin , Jeong Mi-Kyung , Park So-Jung , Lee Sanghun , Yoo Hwa-Seung
Published: March 2024

Background:

In the era of precision medicine, individual temperature sensitivity has been highlighted. This trait has traditionally been used for cold-heat pattern identification to understand the inherent physical characteristics, which are influenced by genetic factors, of an individual. However, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on this trait are limited.

Methods:

Using genotype data from 90 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, we performed a GWAS to assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and temperature sensitivity, such as cold and heat scores. The score of each participant was evaluated using self-administered questionnaires on common symptoms and a 15-item symptom-based cold-heat pattern identification questionnaire.

Results:

The GWAS was adjusted for confounding factors, including age and sex, and significant associations were identified for cold and heat scores: SNP rs145814326, located on the intron of SORCS2 at chromosome 4p16.1, had a P-value of 1.86 × 10−7; and SNP rs79297667, located upstream from SEMA4D at chromosome 9q22.2, had a P-value of 8.97 × 10−8. We also found that the genetic variant regulates the expression level of SEMA4D in the main tissues, including the lungs and white blood cells, in NSCLC.

Conclusions:

SEMA4D was found to be significantly associated with temperature sensitivity in patients with NSCLC, suggesting an increased expression of SEMA4D in patients with higher heat scores. The potential role of temperature sensitivity as a prognostic or predictive marker of immune response in NSCLC should be further studied.
Efficacy and Safety of Huachansu as an Adjuvant Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Yang Tiantian , Wu Caixian , Li Peicong , Zhong Yuetong , Wu Wanyin , Wang Sumei , Yang Xiaobing
Published: March 2024

Objective:

The purpose of this overview is to assess systematic reviews (SRs)/ meta-analyses (MAs) of Huachansu (HCS) combination chemotherapy for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and provide summarized evidence for clinical decision making.

Methods:

From the creation of the database to JUNE 2023, 8 databases in English and Chinese were searched. SRs/MAs that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Two reviewers independently screened research, extracted data and assessed methodological quality, risk of bias, report quality and evidence quality by using relevant criteria from AMSTAR-2, ROBIS scale, PRISMA, and GRADE system.

Results:

The short-term effect, long-term effect, quality of life improvement, safety and pain relief effect in 8 included SRs/MAs were assessed in this overview according to quantitative synthesis. Results assessed by AMSTAR-2, PRISMA, and ROBIS were generally unsatisfactory, with the results of the AMSTAR-2 assessment showing that all of them were of low or critically low quality; the number of items in the included research that were fully reported (compliance was 100%) by the PRISMA checklist was only 50%, while there were 38.10% of the research reporting less than 60% completeness; the ROBIS assessment showed a small number of systems to be low risk of bias. In addition, 26 items were rated as moderate quality, while 50.94% of items were rated as low or critically low quality by GRADE.

Conclusion:

HCS may be a promising adjuvant therapy for NSCLC. However, high-quality SRs/MAs and randomized control trials (RCTs) should be conducted to provide sufficient evidence so as to draw a definitive conclusion.
Mental health, chronic and infectious conditions among pregnant persons in US state prisons and local jails 2016–2017
Authors: Hendricks Caitlin A , Rajagopal Karissa M , Sufrin Carolyn B , Kramer Camille , Jiménez Monik C
Published: March 2024

Background:

Pregnant individuals in incarcerated settings have unique healthcare needs. Rates of mental health, infectious diseases, and chronic disease are higher among nonpregnant incarcerated women compared with those who are not, but the prevalence of these conditions among pregnant people in custody has not been documented.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of metabolic, infectious, and mental health conditions in pregnant people to identify the medical needs of high-risk pregnancies in US state prisons and local jails.

Study Design:

This was a prospective epidemiologic surveillance of a convenience sample of state prisons ( n = 20) and local jails ( n = 3).

Methods:

We used purposive and snowball sampling to recruit a national sample of prisons and jails of a range of sizes and geographies. Reporters submitted to our study database monthly data on selected pregnancy comorbidities for 6 months between 2016 and 2017. Screening, diagnosis, and tracking of these conditions are derived from each facility’s medical record and health care delivery systems.

Results:

Of the 445 newly admitted pregnant people in prisons and 243 in jails, the most prevalent conditions were mental health conditions and hepatitis C. Specifically, 34.1% ( n = 152) in prison and 23.5% ( n = 57) in jail had a substance use disorder, and 27.4% ( n = 122) of those in prison and 17.7% ( n = 43) in jail had a psychiatric diagnosis. Finally, 20.2% ( n = 91) in prison and 6.6% ( n = 16) in jail had hepatitis C.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that chronic medical and mental health conditions are prevalent among pregnant people in US prisons and jails. However, significant variability in the reported number of cases of these conditions from state to state and between facility types implies a lack of or inadequate screening practices. These data indicate the need for comprehensive screening and appropriate care for the complex needs of pregnant incarcerated people.
Hospital Environment and Medical Sociology: User-Centered Environmental Sociology Model Based on a Systematic Review
Authors: Ghaffari Faezeh
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

This study investigates the relationship between environmental quality and medical sociology in hospitals and suggests a conceptual framework for understanding their interrelation.

Background:

Despite the importance of environmental properties in the sociological approach to users’ health and the role of medical sociology research in the design of hospital environments, few studies have been conducted in the field of hospital environments and medical sociology interrelation. Therefore, this article attempts to fill this gap in our knowledge.

Methods:

A systematic review was carried out in five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect) based on PRISMA guidelines to survey how environmental quality and medical sociology factors are related in the medical/environmental sociology research and the hospital design.

Results:

The search yielded the final 17 potentially relevant articles after finding 3,840 records, screening 1,295 nonduplicate articles, and reviewing 158 full-text articles. The findings revealed that four main aspects of medical sociology (physical–biological, psychological, social, and economic) and hospital environmental quality (physical, social, and psychological dimensions) influence users’ health and disease status. The hospital environment includes various social issues in medical sociology (like interactions, behavior patterns, lifestyle, work motivation, and culture). The physical and psychosocial factors of the hospital environment (such as spatial configuration, aesthetics, scale, privacy, and collective spaces) are associated with psychosocial aspects of medical sociology (like social class, behavior patterns, culture, and lifestyle).

Conclusion:

Environmental features and psychosocial issues should be considered to improve users’ health and experience in hospitals and to create a user-centered health-promoting environment.
Who Relies on Social Media Influencers for Political Information? A Cross-Country Study Among Youth
Authors: Harff Darian , Schmuck Desiree
Published: March 2024

Social media influencers (SMIs) are defined as regular individuals who become well-known via self-branding on social media. Youth use content posted by SMIs not just for entertainment, but also for political information. However, we know little about which groups of young people are most likely to be exposed to their political messages or why some youth seem to favor SMIs’ political information over news content from other sources. Inspired by the selective exposure paradigm, this cross-country study conducted between April 2022 and March 2023 explored which variables positively relate to selecting SMIs as primary political information sources among a quota-based sample of emerging adults (16–22 years old) in Germany ( N = 559) and Belgium ( N = 495). We focused on dispositional factors, namely young people’s political predispositions (e.g., subjective political knowledge, institutional mistrust) and source perceptions (e.g., perceived expertise, perceived opinion leader functions), that may be associated with selecting SMIs for political information. Overall, 59 percent of youth in our study were able to name a favorite political SMI. In this analytical sample, youth who were male, politically active, or ascribed opinion leader functions to SMIs were likely to consider them central political information sources. Moreover, country-specific multi-group analysis showed that, in Germany, low subjective political knowledge and parasocial relationships developed with SMIs were linked with relying on them for political information.
Big AI: Cloud infrastructure dependence and the industrialisation of artificial intelligence
Authors: van der Vlist Fernando , Helmond Anne , Ferrari Fabian
Published: March 2024

Critical scholars contend that ‘There is no AI without Big Tech’. This study delves into the substantial role played by major technology conglomerates, including Amazon, Microsoft, and Google (Alphabet), in the ‘industrialisation of artificial intelligence’. This concept encapsulates the shift of AI technologies from the research and development stage to practical, real-world applications across diverse industry sectors, resulting in new dependencies and associated investments. We employ the term ‘Big AI’ to encapsulate the structural convergence of AI and Big Tech, characterised by the profound interdependence of AI with the infrastructure, resources, and investments of these major technology companies. Using a ‘technographic’ approach, our study scrutinises the infrastructural support and investments of Big Tech in the AI sector, focussing on corporate partnerships, acquisitions, and financial investments. Additionally, we conduct a detailed examination of the complete spectrum of cloud platform products and services offered by Amazon, Microsoft, and Google. We demonstrate that AI is not merely an abstract idea but an actual technology stack encompassing infrastructure, models, applications, and an ecosystem of applications and companies relying on this stack. Significantly, these tech giants have seamlessly integrated all three components of the stack into their cloud offerings. Furthermore, they have developed industry-focussed solutions and marketplaces aimed at attracting third-party developers and businesses, fostering the growth of a broader AI ecosystem. This analysis underscores the intricate interdependence between AI and cloud infrastructure, emphasising the industry-specific aspects of cloud AI.
Navigating the Omnichannel Landscape: Unraveling the Antecedents of Customer Loyalty
Authors: Jo Hyeon , Bang Youngsok
Published: March 2024

In today’s dynamic business landscape, retailers are progressively turning to omnichannel strategies to offer integrated shopping experiences across various touchpoints. This study endeavors to elucidate the determinants driving loyalty among omnichannel consumers. A comprehensive research framework encompassing technological elements, in-store attributes, online reviews, and behavioral variables was formulated. A sample of 252 customers familiar with omnichannel shopping was evaluated. Structural equation modeling was utilized for data analysis. Results indicate that personal interactions and merchandise variety significantly influence crowd perception. Perceived ease of use was found to significantly affect perceived usefulness, attitude, and satisfaction. Furthermore, both crowd perception and attitudes toward online reviews markedly influence the overall attitude toward omnichannel. The data underscores the pivotal role of attitude in enhancing satisfaction and fostering loyalty among consumers. In conclusion, this research not only sheds light on the intricate dynamics of omnichannel customer loyalty but also offers valuable insights for both academia and industry, underscoring the importance of integrated multi-channel strategies in contemporary retailing.
Postoperative Complications of Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with and Without Athetoid Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Tachibana Naohiro , Michihata Nobuaki , Oichi Takeshi , Nagata Kosei , Nakamoto Hideki , Ohtomo Nozomu , Yoshida Yuichi , Nakajima Koji , Miyahara Junya , Kato So , Doi Toru , Taniguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Tanaka Sakae , Yasunaga Hideo , Oshima Yasushi
Published: March 2024

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives

With the aging of the Japanese population, patients with athetoid cerebral palsy (ACP) are getting older, and the rate of surgery for CSM is increasing in ACP patients. However, postoperative complications of such surgery among adult patients with ACP have not been reported yet. We investigated postoperative complications of surgery for CSM with ACP and compared them with those of surgery for CSM without ACP using a national inpatient database of Japan.

Methods

Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified 61382 patients who underwent surgery for CSM from July 2010 to March 2018. We examined patient backgrounds, surgical procedures, and type of hospital, and a 4:1 propensity score matching was performed to compare the outcomes between the non-ACP and ACP groups.

Results

There were 60 847 patients without ACP and 535 patients with ACP. The mean age was 68.5 years in the non-ACP group and 55 years in the ACP group. The percentages of patients who underwent fusion surgery were 21.6% and 68.8% in the non-ACP and ACP groups, respectively. The 4:1 propensity score matching selected 1858 in the non-ACP group and 465 in the ACP group. The ACP group was more likely to have postoperative urinary tract infection (.4% vs 2.8%, P < .001), postoperative pneumonia (.4% vs 2.4%, P < .001), and 90-day readmission for reoperation (1.9% vs 4.3%, P = .003).

Conclusions

We found that ACP patients were more vulnerable to postoperative complications and reoperation after CSM than non-ACP patients.
Land Occupation, Re-occupation, and Housing Cooperative: Commune Formation by Jakarta’s Urban Poor
Authors: Batubara Bosman , Guntoro  , Rachman Noer Fauzi , Herlily  , Adianto Joko
Published: March 2024

This article highlights the tension between direct actions and electoral politics to explain the formation of an urban poor settlement, often referred to as a kampungkota, an emerging term for settlements beyond the modern, planned part, in North Jakarta, Indonesia. The authors interpret kampungkota as a commune and unpack the process of commune formation with reference to the experience of Kampung Akuarium into three different yet interconnected parts. The first is direct action through land occupation by the urban poor in the 1980s. The second is direct re-occupation after the 2016 eviction and the joining-up of the settlers with a wider urban poor organization (the commune of communes). The third is the rebuilding and legalization of the commune, which is collectively managed through a housing cooperative, facilitated by a political contract in the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election.
Book review: Ashok Pankaj, Inclusive Development Through Guaranteed Employment: India’s MGNREGA Experiences
Authors: Sharma Nivedita , Singh Gurpreet
Published: March 2024

Ashok Pankaj, Inclusive Development Through Guaranteed Employment: India’s MGNREGA Experiences (Singapore: Springer, 2023), 334 pp. ₹8,792, ISBN 9789811574429 (Hardback).
Identifying Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Through Automated Video Analysis of In-Game Motion Patterns
Authors: Schulc Attila , Leite Chilan B.G. , Csákvári Máté , Lattermann Luke , Zgoda Molly F. , Farina Evan M. , Lattermann Christian , Tősér Zoltán , Merkely Gergo
Published: March 2024

Background:

Failure to diagnose anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during a game can delay adequate treatment and increase the risk of further injuries. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to be an accurate, cost-efficient, and readily available diagnostic tool for ACL injury in in-game situations.

Purpose:

To develop an automated video analysis system that uses AI to identify biomechanical patterns associated with ACL injury and to evaluate whether the system can enhance the ability of orthopaedic and sports medicine specialists to identify ACL injuries on video.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 91 ACL injury and 38 control movement scenes from online available match recordings were analyzed. The videos were processed to identify and track athletes and to estimate their 3-dimensional (3D) poses. Geometric features, including knee flexion, knee and hip abduction, and foot and hip rotation, were extracted from the athletes’ 3D poses. A recurrent neural network algorithm was trained to classify ACL injury, using these engineered features as its input. Analysis by 2 orthopaedic surgeons examined whether providing clinical experts with the reconstructed 3D poses and their derived signals could increase their diagnostic accuracy.

Results:

All AI models performed significantly better than chance. The best model, which used the long short-term memory network with engineered features, demonstrated decision interpretability and good performance (F1 score = 0.63 ± 0.01, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.88 ± 0.01). The analysis by the 2 orthopaedic surgeons demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy for ACL injury recognition when provided with system data, resulting in a 0.08 increase in combined F1 scores.

Conclusion:

Our approach successfully reconstructed the 3D motion of athletes from a single-camera view and derived geometry-based biomechanical features from pose sequences. Our trained AI model was able to automatically detect ACL injuries with relatively good performance and prelabel and highlight regions of interest in video footage.

Clinical Relevance:

This study demonstrated the feasibility of using AI to automatically evaluate in-game video footage and identify dangerous motion patterns. Further research can explore the full potential of the biomechanical markers and use of the system by nonspecialists, potentially diminishing the rate of missed diagnosis and the detrimental outcomes that follow.
The Effect of Simulation-Based Education on Patient Training Correct Inhaler Technique of Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abdali Mahnaz , Alilu Leyla , Feizi Aram
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Teaching inhaler techniques to nursing students is crucial.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effect of simulation-based education on patient training correct inhaler technique in nursing students.

Methods

This is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial in which nursing students are randomly allocated into two groups of control (n = 41) and intervention (n = 40). The students’ mean score of correct inhaler technique was measured before and one week after intervention, using checklists of inhaler techniques.

Results

The mean score of control group was significantly lower than the intervention group ( p < .001). The results also revealed that there was no significant difference in students’ level of confidence regarding the ability to educate patients on inhaler techniques before the intervention, while all students were shown to have higher levels of confidence in this term after the intervention.

Conclusions

Simulation is an effective way to train nursing students in the correct inhaler techniques.
Examining the relevance of Human Resource Management in gig work: A systematic literature review & research agenda
Authors: Gautam Vaishnavi , Mishra Abhyudaya Anand , Maheshwari Mridul
Published: March 2024

The paradigm shift brought about by gig work, marked by its flexible and non-traditional employment structures, necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its intricate interaction with Human Resource Management (HRM). Through a systematic literature review, this study endeavors to synthesize the existing body of knowledge, illuminating the evolving role of HRM within the dynamic landscape of contemporary gig work. Drawing from an extensive array of scholarly articles, this study reveals that HRM is undeniably pertinent in gig work. However, its application necessitates an innovative and tailored approach that diverges from traditional employment paradigms. The literature encompassing the interface of “HRM” and “Gig work” is distilled into three overarching themes: emanant relevance, refurbished relevance, and obsolete relevance. These thematic classifications reflect the dynamism and evolution of HRM practices as they intersect with gig work. In its culmination, this review accentuates the far-reaching implications of its findings for both academic discourse and practical implementation. The synthesized insights contribute substantively to advancing scholarly comprehension of gig work’s intertwined relationship with HRM, thus serving as a guidepost for future research endeavors.
Performing Small-Telescopes Analysis by Resampling: Empirically Constructing Confidence Intervals and Estimating Statistical Power for Measures of Effect Size
Authors: Costigan Samantha , Ruscio John , Crawford Jarret T.
Published: March 2024

When new data are collected to check the findings of an original study, it can be challenging to evaluate replication results. The small-telescopes method is designed to assess not only whether the effect observed in the replication study is statistically significant but also whether this effect is large enough to have been detected in the original study. Unless both criteria are met, the replication either fails to support the original findings or the results are mixed. When implemented in the conventional manner, this small-telescopes method can be impractical or impossible to conduct, and doing so often requires parametric assumptions that may not be satisfied. We present an empirical approach that can be used for a variety of study designs and data-analytic techniques. The empirical approach to the small-telescopes method is intended to extend its reach as a tool for addressing the replication crisis by evaluating findings in psychological science and beyond. In the present tutorial, we demonstrate this approach using a Shiny app and R code and included an analysis of most studies (95%) replicated as part of the Open Science Collaboration’s Reproducibility Project in Psychology. In addition to its versatility, simulations demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the empirical approach to implementing small-telescopes analysis.
A Vascular-Centric Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ouellette Julie , Crouch Elizabeth E , Morel Jean-Luc , Coelho-Santos Vanessa , Lacoste Baptiste
Published: March 2024

Brain development and function are highly reliant on adequate establishment and maintenance of vascular networks. Early impairments in vascular health can impact brain maturation and energy metabolism, which may lead to neurodevelopmental anomalies. Our recent work not only provides novel insights into the development of cerebrovascular networks but also emphasizes the importance of their well-being for proper brain maturation. In particular, we have demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) mouse models is causally related to altered behavior and brain metabolism. In the prenatal human brain, vascular cells change metabolic states in the second trimester. Such findings highlight the need to identify new cellular and molecular players in neurodevelopmental disorders, raising awareness about the importance of a healthy vasculature for brain development. It is thus essential to shift the mostly neuronal point of view in research on ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders to also include vascular and metabolic features.
Nephrotic Syndrome with Eosinophillic Ascites: A Case Report
Authors: Ravi Ranjani , N. Jinsi , Nair Sreeja S. , A. Vimala
Published: March 2024

Minimal change disease (MCD) as a cause of nephrotic syndrome in the elderly is seen in around 15%–20% of patients. Also eosinophillic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a very rare disease. The association with minimal change nephropathy and EGE is even rarer and to the best of our knowledge there is only a single case report of the same. Theoretically atopy is a common factor in the pathogenesis of both diseases and both may be IgE mediated. Here we present the case of a gentleman with nephrotic syndrome who underwent abdominal paracentesis and was found to have eosinophillic ascitis. Renal biopsy including electron microscopy was suggestive of minimal change disease. He responded completely on starting steroids with resolution of ascitis, proteinuria and decrease in IgE levels.
Pain Care at Home to Amplify Function: Protocol Article
Authors: Black Anne C. , Edmond Sara N. , Frank Joseph W. , Abelleira Audrey , Snow Jennifer L. , Wesolowicz Danielle M. , Becker William C.
Published: March 2024

Guidelines recommend strategies to optimize opioid medication safety, including frequent reassessment of the benefits and harms of long-term opioid therapy. Prescribers, who are predominantly primary care providers (PCPs), may lack the training or resources to implement these guideline-concordant practices. Two interventions have been designed to assist PCPs and tested within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Telemedicine Collaborative Management (TCM) provides primarily medication management support via care manager-prescriber teams. Cooperative Pain Education and Self-Management (COPES) promotes self-management strategies for chronic pain via cognitive behavior therapy techniques. Each intervention has been shown to improve prescribing and/or patient outcomes. The added value of combining these interventions is untested. With funding and central coordination by the Integrative Management of Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder for Whole Recovery (IMPOWR) Network of the National Institutes of Health Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) Initiative, we will conduct a multisite patient-level randomized hybrid II effectiveness-implementation trial within VHA to compare TCM to TCM + COPES on the primary composite outcome of pain interference and opioid safety, secondary outcomes of alcohol use, anxiety, depression, and sleep, and other consensus IMPOWR Network measures. Implementation facilitation strategies informed by interviews with healthcare providers will target site-specific needs. The impact of these strategies on TCM implementation will be assessed via established formative and summative evaluation techniques. Economic analyses will evaluate intervention cost-effectiveness.
Imaging of pleural disease
Authors: Hassan Maged , Touman Abdelfattah A. , Grabczak Elżbieta M. , Skaarup Søren H. , Faber Katarzyna , Blyth Kevin G. , Pochepnia Svitlana
Published: March 2024

The pleural space is a “potential” anatomical space which is formed of two layers: visceral and parietal. It normally contains a trace of fluid (∼10 mL in each hemithorax). Diseases of the pleura can manifest with thickening of the pleural membranes or by abnormal accumulation of air or liquid. Chest radiographs are often the first imaging tests to point to a pleural pathology. With the exception of pneumothorax, and due to the inherent limitations of chest radiographs, ultrasound and/or computed tomography are usually required to further characterise the pleural pathology and guide management. This review summarises the utility of different imaging tools in the management of pleural disease and discusses new and evolving tools in imaging of the pleura.
Electronic structure of superconducting VN(111) films
Authors: Zhai Rongjing , Bi Jiachang , Zheng Shun , Chen Wei , Lin Yu , Xiao Shaozhu , Cao Yanwei
Published: March 2024

Vanadium nitride (VN) is a transition-metal nitride with remarkable properties that have prompted extensive experimental and theoretical investigations in recent years. However, there is a current paucity of experimental research investigating the temperature-dependent electronic structure of single-crystalline VN. In this study, high-quality VN(111) films were successfully synthesized on $$\alpha$$
α
-Al$$_2$$

2

O$$_3$$

3

(0001) substrates using magnetron sputtering. The crystal and electronic structures of the VN films were characterized by a combination of high-resolution X-ray diffraction, low-energy electron diffraction, resonant soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical transport measurements indicate that the superconducting critical temperature of the VN films is around 8.1 K. Intriguingly, the temperature-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy measurements demonstrate a weak temperature dependence in the electronic structure of the VN films, which is significant for understanding the ground state of VN compounds.
PoCUS identification of distal biceps tendon rupture: a case report
Authors: Ali Noman , Tan Alan , Chenkin Jordan
Published: March 2024

Background

In the Emergency Department (ED), patients may present with various injuries that damage muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bony structures. Fractures, joint dislocations, strains, and sprains are prevalent among them. However, distal biceps tendon ruptures are uncommon.

Case Report

Here, we report a case of a young man presented to the ED with a complaint of left arm pain following a martial arts activity. The diagnosis of distal biceps tendon rupture was made using a point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS), and an early referral to the orthopedic service was provided.

Conclusion

This case highlights the utility of point-of-care ultrasound in assessing musculoskeletal injuries in the ED. Early incorporation of PoCUS into routine clinical practice can potentially improve the overall care of musculoskeletal injuries.