bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinâmica territorial, transformações ambientais e implicações no manancial de abastecimento público da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte - bacia hidrográfica do alto Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais
Authors: Lemos Rodrigo Silva , Magalhães Junior Antônio Pereira
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo tem como finalidade discutir o processo histórico de uso e ocupação territorial da bacia hidrográfica do alto Rio das Velhas e suas implicações para a dinâmica de qualidade e quantidade das águas, considerando sua função enquanto manancial para o abastecimento da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. É realizada uma retomada histórica do processo de ocupação orientada por revisão bibliográfica e uma análise de monitoria de alteração de uso da terra a partir de técnicas de geoprocessamento e de sensoriamento remoto. O artigo mostra que a expansão urbana e da mineração são as atividades mais intensificadas no período de análise, mas apresentam formas e contextos diferentes. Ao final, são traçadas considerações sobre os impactos ambientais decorrentes das duas principais formas de ocupação antrópica identificadas: a mineração e a expansão urbana.

Abstract

TERRITORIAL DYNAMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS IN THE PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY OF THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF BELO HORIZONTE - UPPER RIO DAS VELHAS HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN, MINAS GERAIS

The purpose of this article is to discuss the historical process of land use and occupation of the upper Rio Velhas watershed and its implications for the dynamics of water quality and quantity considering its role as water source of metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. A historical resumption of the occupation process guided by a bibliographic review and a monitoring analysis of land use change based on geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques is carried out. The article shows that urban expansion and mining are the activities most intensified in the period of analysis, but present different forms and contexts. In the end, considerations are made about the environmental impacts arising from those two main forms identified of anthropic occupation.
O discurso da modernidade na construção de Vitória-ES
Authors: Mendonça Marcos Cândido , Campos Júnior Carlos Teixeira de
Published: July 2019

Este artigo investiga a modernidade na construção da cidade de Vitória na passagem do século XIX para o XX, no qual o Estado atuou como principal promotor dessa tarefa. Para tal investida, a análise partiu do estudo dos fundamentos ideológicos do processo. A conclusão foi a de que as transformações de Vitória foram dominadas pelos interesses ligados à instância mercantil exportadora do capital em detrimento da construção de um projeto coletivo de cidade; e que essa fração do capital se alimentou ideologicamente do signo do moderno para a construção de um projeto de classe, orientado para a via do desenvolvimento comercial, que propôs a produção do moderno por meio da ruptura com o passado colonial da cidade. A perspectiva de análise buscou compreender a produção da modernidade urbana enquanto produção do espaço, e, nessa tarefa, investigar os fundamentos ideológicos que participaram do processo de construção da cidade.

Abstract

THE DISCOURSE OF MODERNITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VITÓRIA-ES

This article investigates the modernity in the construction of the city of Vitoria in the passage from the nineteenth century to the twentieth century, in which the State acted as the main promoter of this task . For this purpose, the analysis was based on the study of the ideological foundations of the process. The conclusion was that the transformations of Vitória were dominated by the interests linked to the mercantile-exporting instance of capital, to the detriment of the construction of a collective city project; and that this fraction of capital was ideologically nourished by the sign of the modern for the construction of a class project, oriented towards commercial development, which proposed the production of the modern through a rupture with the colonial past of the city. The perspective of analysis sought to understand the production of urban modernity as a production of space, and in this task, to investigate the ideological foundations that participated in the process of construction of the city.
Políticas públicas e governança territorial do turismo no estado do Maranhão
Authors: Carvalho Fernanda Cunha de
Published: July 2019

A formação de fóruns, conselhos, colegiados, agências de desenvolvimento e instâncias locais representam modalidades de governança voltadas para processos de gestão descentralizados, no caso estudado, do turismo. A divisão regional do turismo brasileiro criou Circuitos e Polos de Turismo, contudo, independentemente da definição do tipo de regionalização, é necessário que o projeto de desenvolvimento turístico seja formulado através do envolvimento e da participação de variados atores sociais, caracterizando movimentos que podem ser denominados como uma governança territorial. Esses fatores conduzem ao objetivo geral deste artigo que é o de analisar os projetos de governança territorial no estado do Maranhão, destacando as microrregiões da Baixada Maranhense e do Litoral Ocidental Maranhense. Recorreu-se a investigações de documentos elaborados pelo Ministério do Turismo, também àqueles utilizados pela Secretaria de Turismo do estado do Maranhão e à realização de entrevistas com agentes-chave para o projeto de governança territorial no estado, dos Conselhos Turísticos e Instâncias de Turismo. A pesquisa revela que o projeto de governança existe enquanto constituinte organizacional de uma sequência utilizada para o planejamento, embora, na prática, a ocorrência desse processo possa ser considerada como frágil ou apenas para composição documental necessária para atingir o passo posterior do decurso que se pretende atingir.

Abstract

PUBLIC POLICIES AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE OF TOURISM IN THE STATE OF MARANHÃO

The formation of forums, councils, colleges, development agencies and local bodies represent governance modalities for decentralized management processes, in the case studied, tourism. The regional division of Brazilian tourism has created Tourism Circuits and Poles, however, regardless of the definition of the regionalization type, it is necessary that the tourism development project be formulated through the involvement and participation of various social actors, characterizing movements that can be denominated such as territorial governance. These factors lead to the general objective of this article, which is to analyze the territorial governance projects in the State of Maranhão, highlighting the microregions of the Baixada Maranhense and the Litoral Ocidental Maranhense. Documentary investigations were carried out by the Ministry of Tourism, as well as those used by the Tourism Department of the State of Maranhão and interviews with key agents for the territorial governance project in the State, the Tourist Councils and Tourism Instances. The research reveals that the governance project exists as an organizational constituent of a sequence for planning, although, in practice, the occurrence of this process can be considered as fragile or only for the documentary composition necessary to reach the later step of the intended course reach.
Os Fundamentos do Postulado da Continuidade sob a Ótica do Ciclo de Vida Organizacional
Authors: Borinelli Márcio Luiz , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: July 2019

A preocupação central deste artigo está em demonstrar que as informações contábeis contribuem para fazer inferências sobre a continuidade da empresa e que o postulado da continuidade, associado à identificação do estágio do ciclo de vida em que a organização se encontra, pode aumentar o valor preditivo da informação. Assim, discute os fundamentos do postulado da continuidade à luz do ciclo de vida organizacional, com o objetivo de demonstrar a sua importância para a melhoria da qualidade das informações contábeis. Neste intuito, dois elementos são trazidos à tona para discussão, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, buscando associar fragmentos da estrutura conceitual da contabilidade e da teoria das organizações, respectivamente o postulado da continuidade e o ciclo de vida organizacional. Quatro tópicos, além da introdução e das considerações finais, são abordados para um melhor encadeamento das discussões. Inicia-se contextualizando o postulado da continuidade na estrutura conceitual básica da contabilidade. Na seqüência aborda-se o postulado da continuidade e sua importância dentro de uma estrutura conceitual de referência para a Contabilidade. O tópico seguinte dedica-se à explanação do ciclo de vida organizacional, ressaltando suas principais características e seu funcionamento. Por fim, associam-se os dois conceitos, o postulado da continuidade com o ciclo de vida organizacional. Conclui-se que, embora estes conceitos tenham origens diferentes, da Teoria da Contabilidade e da Teoria das Organizações, em estudos de integração é possível concilia-los, no sentido de melhorar a qualidade da informação contábil.
iTRAQ‐based proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of human mast cells upon infection by the influenza A virus strains H1N1 and H5N1
Authors: Wu Hongping , Zhang Shouping , Huo Caiyun , Zou Shumei , Lian Zhengxing , Hu Yanxin
Published: July 2019

Mast cells can support the replication of influenza A virus, although how this occurs is poorly understood. In the present study, using quantitative MS, we analyzed the proteome of human mast cells infected with different influenza A virus strains at 12 h post‐infection. Forty‐one differentially expressed proteins were identified in human mast cells upon infection by the virulent H5N1 (A/Chicken/Henan/1/04) virus compared to the seasonal H1N1 (A/WSN/33) virus. Bioinformatic analyses confirmed that H1N1 significantly regulates the RNA degradation pathway via up‐regulation of CCR4‐NOT transcription complex subunit 4, whereas apoptosis could be suppressed by H5N1 via down‐regulation of the tumor protein p53 signaling pathway with P ≤ 0.05 at 12 h post‐infection. The hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 signaling pathway of human mast cells is more susceptible to infection by H5N1 than by H1N1 virus.
Ultrathin Highly Luminescent Two‐Monolayer Colloidal CdSe Nanoplatelets
Authors: Delikanli Savas , Yu Guannan , Yeltik Aydan , Bose Sumanta , Erdem Talha , Yu Junhong , Erdem Onur , Sharma Manoj , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Quliyeva Ulviyya , Shendre Sushant , Dang Cuong , Zhang Dao Hua , Sum Tze Chien , Fan Weijun , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: July 2019

Surface effects in atomically flat colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets (NLPs) are significantly and increasingly important with their thickness being reduced to subnanometer level, generating strong surface related deep trap photoluminescence emission alongside the bandedge emission. Herein, colloidal synthesis of highly luminescent two‐monolayer (2ML) CdSe NPLs and a systematic investigation of carrier dynamics in these NPLs exhibiting broad photoluminescence emission covering the visible region with quantum yields reaching 90% in solution and 85% in a polymer matrix is shown. The astonishingly efficient Stokes‐shifted broadband photoluminescence (PL) emission with a lifetime of ≈100 ns and the extremely short PL lifetime of around 0.16 ns at the bandedge signify the participation of radiative midgap surface centers in the recombination process associated with the underpassivated Se sites. Also, a proof‐of‐concept hybrid LED employing 2ML CdSe NPLs is developed as color converters, which exhibits luminous efficacy reaching 300 lm Wopt−1. The intrinsic absorption of the 2ML CdSe NPLs (≈2.15 × 106 cm−1) reported in this study is significantly larger than that of CdSe quantum dots (≈2.8 × 105 cm−1) at their first exciton signifying the presence of giant oscillator strength and hence making them favorable candidates for next‐generation light‐emitting and light‐harvesting applications.
Alginate Encapsulation of Bioengineered Protein‐Coated Polyhydroxybutyrate Particles: A New Platform for Multifunctional Composite Materials
Authors: Ogura Kampachiro , Rehm Bernd H. A.
Published: July 2019

Immobilization and display of proteins is extensively used to enhance stability and performance of proteins for technical uses such as in biotechnology. Here, self‐assembled nonporous polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) particles bioengineered to display proteins of interest are subjected to alginate encapsulation processes. The novel composite spheres are fabricated using ionotropic gelation methods. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding domain Z and organophosphate hydrolase (OpdA) are attached to PHB particles, and are examples for bioseparation and bioremediation applications, respectively. Alginate microspheres entrapping Z domain coated PHB particles enable flow‐through purification of IgG. Microsphere porosity is pH tunable and at acidic pH IgG is released from Z domains but retained within microspheres. OpdA‐PHB particles are functionally entrapped in alginate microspheres enabling flow‐through substrate conversion. Attachment of functional proteins to PHB particles enhances retention within the alginate microspheres. The hydrophobic PHB particle core within alginate beads provides payload for lipophilic substances, which adsorption kinetics are aligned with a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model in agreement with the Freundlich isotherm model. This study describes the development of a multifunctional composite material platform based on alginate spheres encapsulating PHB particles that provide payload for lipophilic substances and can be engineered to display protein functions of interest.
Water‐Resistant and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via a Glued Interfacial Layer
Authors: Huang Zengqi , Hu Xiaotian , Liu Cong , Meng Xiangchuan , Huang Zhandong , Yang Jia , Duan Xiaopeng , Long Juan , Zhao Zhipeng , Tan Licheng , Song Yanlin , Chen Yiwang
Published: July 2019

Perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) are promising photovoltaic technologies for realizing power sources with outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low‐cost properties. However, the extraordinary photovoltaic performance can be maximized only if an extremely stabilized device structure is developed. Here, a novel glued poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) interfacial layer is introduced to fabricate highly efficient and stable PVSCs with excellent waterproofness and flexibility. This strategy can effectively passivate the perovskite surface, reduce defect density, and balance charge transfer, which leads to a champion PCE of 19.31% for a 0.1 cm2 device and 11.73% for a 25 cm2 solar module. More importantly, the formation of a glued EVA thin layer on the surface of perovskite can inhibit ionic migration to the Ag electrode, form favorable interfacial contact and adhesive interaction with the perovskite/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester to sustain mechanical bending, and produce significant waterproofness from moisture invasion, thus facilitating improvement in the operational stability of the PVSCs. The EVA‐treated PVSCs exhibit superior PCE values of 15.12% for a flexible device (0.1 cm2) and 8.95% for a flexible module (25 cm2), as well as over 85% retention after 5000 bending cycles, which opens up a new strategy for the practical application of PVSCs in portable and wearable electronics.
Multiresponsive Elastic Colloidal Crystals for Reversible Structural Color Patterns
Authors: Liao Junlong , Zhu Cun , Gao Bingbing , Zhao Ze , Liu Xiaojiang , Tian Lei , Zeng Yi , Zhou Xinlian , Xie Zhuoying , Gu Zhongze
Published: July 2019

Multiresponsive elastic poly(methyl methacrylate‐butyl acrylate) (P(MMA‐BA)) copolymer nanoparticles with controlled sizes are fabricated through a one‐step method, which further serve as building blocks for the construction of multiresponsive films via self‐assembly. Taking advantage of the relatively low glass transition temperature and the core–shell structure of the copolymer nanoparticles, they possess the capacity to partially deform and fuse at room temperature under dry status, eventually resulting in the enhancement of the mechanical properties as well as the control of optical properties in the assembled ordered structures. The generated elastic films not only can control the concealment or exhibition of the designed color information, but also can rapidly respond to external stimuli such as the solvent, pH, and tensile force in a reversible fashion. These functional elastic copolymer nanoparticles have potential applications in dynamic color display, optical sensing, and anticounterfeiting.
Energy‐Mediated Machinery Drives Cellular Mechanical Allostasis
Authors: Wang Qianbin , Qian Weiyi , Xu Xiaoyu , Bajpai Apratim , Guan Kevin , Zhang Zijing , Chen Roy , Flamini Vittoria , Chen Weiqiang
Published: July 2019

Allostasis is a fundamental biological process through which living organisms achieve stability via physiological or behavioral changes to protect against internal and external stresses, and ultimately better adapt to the local environment. However, an full understanding of cellular‐level allostasis is far from developed. By employing an integrated micromechanical tool capable of applying controlled mechanical stress on an individual cell and simultaneously reporting dynamic information of subcellular mechanics, individual cell allostasis is observed to occur through a biphasic process; cellular mechanics tends to restore to a stable state through a mechanoadaptative process with excitative biophysical activity followed by a decaying adaptive phase. Based on these observations, it is found that cellular allostasis occurs through a complex balance of subcellular energy and cellular mechanics; upon a transient and local physical stimulation, cells trigger an allostatic state that maximizes energy and overcomes a mechanical “energy barrier” followed by a relaxation state that reaches its mechanobiological stabilization and energy minimization. Discoveries of energy‐driven cellular machinery and conserved mechanotransductive pathways underscore the critical role of force‐sensitive cytoskeleton equilibrium in cellular allostasis. This highlight the biophysical origin of cellular mechanical allostasis, providing subcellular methods to understand the etiology and progression of certain diseases or aging.
Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Carbon Nanostructures for Site‐Specific Dual‐Modality Photothermal/Photodynamic Thrombus Therapy
Authors: Zhang Fengrong , Liu Yuehong , Lei Jiani , Wang Shunhao , Ji Xunming , Liu Huiyu , Yang Qi
Published: July 2019

Although near‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐mediated photothermal thrombolysis has been investigated to overcome the bleeding risk of clinical clot‐busting agents, the secondary embolism of post‐phototherapy fragments (>10 µm) for small vessels should not be ignored in this process. In this study, dual‐modality photothermal/photodynamic thrombolysis is explored using targeting nanoagents with an emphasis on improving biosafety as well as ameliorating the thrombolytic effect. The nanoagents can actively target glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on thrombus to initiate site‐specific thrombolysis by hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species under NIR laser irradiation. In comparison to single photothermal thrombolysis, an 87.9% higher re‐establishment rate of dual‐modality photothermal/photodynamic thrombolysis by one‐time treatment is achieved in a lower limb thrombosis model. The dual‐modality thrombolysis can also avoid re‐embolization after breaking fibrin into tiny fragments. All the results show that this strategy is a safe and validated protocol for thrombolysis, which fits the clinical translational trend of nanomedicine.
A Hollow‐Shell Structured V2O5 Electrode‐Based Symmetric Full Li‐Ion Battery with Highest Capacity
Authors: Wang Chengrui , Zhang Lei , Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Dou Yuhai , Liu Porun , Su Dawei , Wang Guoxiu , Zhang Shanqing , Wang Dan , Zhao Huijun
Published: July 2019

The symmetric batteries with an electrode material possessing dual cathodic and anodic properties are regarded as an ideal battery configuration because of their distinctive advantages over the asymmetric batteries in terms of fabrication process, cost, and safety concerns. However, the development of high‐performance symmetric batteries is highly challenging due to the limited availability of suitable symmetric electrode materials with such properties of highly reversible capacity. Herein, a triple‐hollow‐shell structured V2O5 (THS‐V2O5) symmetric electrode material with a reversible capacity of >400 mAh g−1 between 1.5 and 4.0 V and >600 mAh g−1 between 0.1 and 3.0 V, respectively, when used as the cathode and anode, is reported. The THS‐V2O5 electrodes assembled symmetric full lithium‐ion battery (LIB) exhibits a reversible capacity of ≈290 mAh g−1 between 2 and 4.0 V, the best performed symmetric energy storage systems reported to date. The unique triple‐shell structured electrode makes the symmetric LIB possessing very high initial coulombic efficiency (94.2%), outstanding cycling stability (with 94% capacity retained after 1000 cycles), and excellent rate performance (over 140 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1). The demonstrated approach in this work leaps forward the symmetric LIB performance and paves a way to develop high‐performance symmetric battery electrode materials.
Training in the Management of Psychobehavioral Conditions: A Needs Assessment Survey of Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Pickett Jason , Haas Mary Rose Calderone , Fix Megan L. , Tabatabai Ramin R. , Carrick Angela , Robertson Jennifer , Barnes Angelica Veronica , Ondeyka Amy , Brown Mary Jane , Edwards Andrew R. , Dehon Erin
Published: July 2019

Objective

Mental health–related ED visits are increasing. Despite this trend, most emergency medicine (EM) residency programs devote little time to psychiatry education. This study aimed to identify EM residents’ perceptions of training needs in emergency psychiatry and self‐confidence in managing patients with psychobehavioral conditions.

Methods

A needs assessment survey was distributed to residents at 15 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited EM programs spanning the U.S. Survey items addressed amount and type of training in psychiatry during residency, perceived training needs in psychiatry, and self‐confidence performing various clinical skills related to emergency psychiatric care. Residents used a 5‐point scale (1 = nothing; 5 = very large amount) to rate their learning needs in a variety of topic areas related to behavioral emergencies (e.g., medically clearing patients, substance use disorders). Using a scale from 0 to 100, residents rated their confidence in their ability to independently perform various clinical skills related to emergency psychiatric care (e.g., differentiating a psychiatric presentation from delirium).

Results

Of the 632 residents invited to participate, 396 (63%) responded. Twelve percent of respondents reported completing a psychiatry rotation during EM residency. One of the 15 participating programs had a required psychiatry rotation. Residents reported that their program used lectures (56%) and/or supervised training in the ED (35%) to teach residents about psychiatric emergencies. Most residents reported minimal involvement in the treatment of patients with psychiatric concerns. The majority of residents (59%) believed that their program should offer more education on managing psychiatric emergencies. Only 14% of residents felt “quite” or “extremely” prepared to treat psychiatric patients. Overall, residents reported the lowest levels of confidence and highest need for more training related to counseling suicidal patients and treating psychiatric issues in special populations (e.g., pregnant women, elderly, and children).

Conclusions

Most EM residents desire more training in managing psychiatric emergencies than is currently provided.
Image Registration in Medical Robotics and Intelligent Systems: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Liu Jun , Singh Gurpreet , Al'Aref Subhi , Lee Benjamin , Oleru Olachi , Min James K. , Dunham Simon , Sabuncu Mert R. , Mosadegh Bobak
Published: July 2019

Medical image registration, by transforming two or more sets of imaging data into one coordinate system, plays a central role in medical robotics and intelligent systems from diagnostics and surgical planning to real‐time guidance and postprocedural assessment. Recent advances in medical image registration have made a significant impact in orthopedic, neurological, cardiovascular, and oncological applications.The recent literature in medical image registration is reviewed, providing a discussion of their fundamentals and applications. Within each section, the registration techniques are introduced, classifying each method based on their working mechanisms, and discussing their benefits and limitations are discussed. Recently, machine learning has had an important impact on the field of image registration, yielding novel methods and unprecedented speed. The validation of registration methods, however, remains a challenge due to the lack of reliable ground truth. Medical image registration will continue to make significant impacts in the area of advanced medical imaging, as the fusion/combination of multimodal images and advanced visualization technology become more widespread.
Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Microporous Polymer with Structural Stability and Electrical Bistability for Rectifying Memory Array
Authors: Liu Zhengdong , Yin Yuhang , Wang Xiangjing , Ju Shang , Song Mengya , Zhou Zhe , Wang Xiaojing , Cheng Shuai , Zhang Zepu , Liu Juqing , Huang Wei
Published: July 2019

Rectifying memory is an effective strategy to solve the cross‐talk issues of crossbar switch architecture during the integration procedure for high‐density data storage. Herein, a two‐dimensional (2D) conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) is proposed as an ideal resistive switching medium for integrated rectifying memory devices. Large‐area 2D CMP film is prepared using a surface‐confined polymerization method, featuring rewritable nonvolatile memory with a low set voltage in a graphene/CMP/metal diode. Importantly, this film exhibits outstanding structural stability during solvent immersion and other polymer coating, being suitable for solution‐processed multilayer polymer electronics. By directly stacking the CMP memristor with a poly(3‐hexylthiophene) rectifier, the integrated multilayer device shows desirable rectifying memory effect, effectively reducing the misreading issue induced by the cross‐talk in a crossbar array.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amines: Divergent Reaction Pathways by Solvent Control to Imines and Nitriles
Authors: Kim Jihyeon , Golime Gangadhararao , Kim Hun Young , Oh Kyungsoo
Published: July 2019

The dehydrogenative coupling of amines by copper catalysts was investigated in the presence of molecular oxygen. By modulating the aerobic oxidation pathways of Cu(OAc)2 catalyst in different reaction solvents, the selective formations of homo‐coupled imines, cross‐coupled imines, and nitriles have been achieved from amine derivatives. The discovery of the multiple aerobic oxidation pathways of Cu(OAc)2 signifies the on demand reactivity control of the catalytically active copper species by the reaction solvents. Given that the aerobic oxidation protocols are of significant interest to the advancement of green chemical processes, the copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions will be useful for a wide range of functional group transformations.
Plasma total‐tau as a biomarker of stroke risk in the community
Authors: Pase Matthew P. , Himali Jayandra J. , Aparicio Hugo J. , Romero Jose Rafael , Satizabal Claudia L. , Maillard Pauline , DeCarli Charles , Beiser Alexa S. , Seshadri Sudha
Published: July 2019

Higher plasma total‐tau level is associated with incident dementia, but its relationship with stroke risk is unknown. In this prospective community‐based study, we evaluated plasma total‐tau level as a biomarker of stroke risk in 2,794 Framingham Heart Study participants. Persons with plasma total‐tau levels in the top quintile, versus the bottom 4, had an increased risk of incident stroke over a mean follow‐up of 8.3 years (hazard ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval = 1.32–3.08) following adjustments for age, sex, and stroke risk factors. Our findings demonstrate that plasma total‐tau relates to the risk of stroke in a community sample. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:463–467
On‐Chip Tailorability of Capacitive Gas Sensors Integrated with Metal–Organic Framework Films
Authors: Yuan Hongye , Tao Jifang , Li Nanxi , Karmakar Avishek , Tang Chunhua , Cai Hong , Pennycook Stephen John , Singh Navab , Zhao Dan
Published: July 2019

Gas sensing technologies for smart cities require miniaturization, cost‐effectiveness, low power consumption, and outstanding sensitivity and selectivity. On‐chip, tailorable capacitive sensors integrated with metal–organic framework (MOF) films are presented, in which abundant coordinatively unsaturated metal sites are available for gas detection. The in situ growth of homogeneous Mg‐MOF‐74 films is realized with an appropriate metal‐to‐ligand ratio. The resultant sensors exhibit selective detection for benzene vapor and carbon dioxide (CO2) at room temperature. Postsynthetic modification of Mg‐MOF‐74 films with ethylenediamine decreases sensitivity toward benzene but increases selectivity to CO2. The reduced porosity and blocked open metal sites caused by amine coordination account for a deterioration in the sensing performance for benzene (by ca. 60 %). The enhanced sensitivity for CO2 (by ca. 25 %) stems from a tailored amine–CO2 interaction. This study demonstrates the feasibility of tuning gas sensing properties by adjusting MOF–analyte interactions, thereby offering new perspectives for the development of MOF‐based sensors.
Rational Design of Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction with H2O
Authors: Lu Meng , Liu Jiang , Li Qiang , Zhang Mi , Liu Ming , Wang Jin‐Lan , Yuan Da‐Qiang , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: July 2019

Solar energy‐driven conversion of CO2 into fuels with H2O as a sacrificial agent is a challenging research field in photosynthesis. Herein, a series of crystalline porphyrin‐tetrathiafulvalene covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are synthesized and used as photocatalysts for reducing CO2 with H2O, in the absence of additional photosensitizer, sacrificial agents, and noble metal co‐catalysts. The effective photogenerated electrons transfer from tetrathiafulvalene to porphyrin by covalent bonding, resulting in the separated electrons and holes, respectively, for CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation. By adjusting the band structures of TTCOFs, TTCOF‐Zn achieved the highest photocatalytic CO production of 12.33 μmol with circa 100 % selectivity, along with H2O oxidation to O2. Furthermore, DFT calculations combined with a crystal structure model confirmed the structure–function relationship. Our work provides a new sight for designing more efficient artificial crystalline photocatalysts.
Chemical Composition and Nutritional Information of Fats Used in Fillings of Sandwich Cookies
Authors: da Silva Thais Lomonaco Teodoro , Martini Silvana , Arellano Daniel Barrera
Published: July 2019

The aim of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of fillings used in cookies commercialized in Brazil and in USA according to their chemical composition, labels, nutritional information, ingredients list, and price. Fillings had approximately 25–32% of fat. In general, the composition of these fats consisted of approximately 50% of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mainly palmitic acid, and 50% of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic acid. Brazilian samples had trans‐fatty acids (TFA) in the range of 1–15% although in many cases their presence was not reported in the labels. USA product labels did not present a fixed portion weight but they showed detailed information about the types of fats used such as source and the process used for their production. In 70% of Brazilian product labels, the information shown in the ingredient list was limited to “vegetable fat,” which does not give enough information to consumers about the type of fat used. In addition, our results showed that low‐trans‐products or zero‐trans‐products, in which TFA were replaced by SFA, presented the highest prices. This research suggests that further legislation should be developed in Brazil to decrease the amount of TFA in foods and improve their nutritional properties.
RhCl(TPPTS)3 supported on iota‐carrageenan as recyclable catalysts for Suzuki cross‐coupling
Authors: Leviev Sivan , Wolfson Adi , Levy‐Ontman Oshrat
Published: July 2019

A rhodium complex was immobilized for the first time in iota‐carrageenan polysaccharide to render a xerogel catalyst. This new heterogeneous catalyst was successfully used in Suzuki cross‐coupling and was easily separated from the reaction mixture and recycled two times without loss of activity. The rhodium heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by FTIR, SEM‐EDS, and TEM analyses, which demonstrated that the catalyst complex successfully embedded within the polysaccharide and exhibited an unordered, porous structure. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the novel and simple heterogenization procedure, which has been used previously for palladium complexes, is a general route to immobilize transition metal complexes in polysaccharide matrixes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48200.
Histology of Caenagnathid (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) Dentaries and Implications for Development, Ontogenetic Edentulism, and Taxonomy
Authors: Funston Gregory F. , Wilkinson Ryan D. , Simon D. Jade , Leblanc Aaron H. , Wosik Mateusz , Currie Philip J.
Published: July 2019

The fossil record of caenagnathid oviraptorosaurs consists mainly of their fused, complexly sculptured dentaries, but little is known about the growth and development of this diagnostic structure. Previous work has suggested that the ridges and grooves on the occlusal surface are either the vestiges of teeth and their alveoli or were adaptations to increase shearing action during mastication. In addition, the distinctiveness of the dentaries has led to their use for species‐level taxonomy, without a complete understanding of their variation through ontogeny. Here, we describe additional caenagnathid mandibles from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, and perform histological analyses to assess relative ontogenetic stage and the nature of the occlusal elaborations. The results show that the mandibular symphysis is synostosed early in ontogeny and does not accurately reflect ontogenetic stage in caenagnathids. In contrast, the presence of cyclical growth marks in a large specimen shows that mandibles can be used for relative histological maturity estimation. Histological features of the ridges of bone surrounding the lingual groove indicate that they are not the vestiges of tooth‐bearing tissues and that caenagnathids did not lose their teeth through ontogeny as suggested in previous work. Instead, increased secondary remodeling in these structures is consistent with their use for food processing. Unexpectedly advanced maturity in a small specimen suggests that at least three caenagnathid species of varying body sizes coexisted in the Dinosaur Park Formation. These results stress the necessity of histological analysis when assessing maturity or ontogenetic trends in fossil material. Anat Rec, 303:918–934, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive energy management strategy for hybrid batteries/supercapacitors electrical vehicle based on model prediction control
Authors: Fu Zhumu , Li Zhenhui , Tao Fazhan
Published: July 2019

In this paper, in order to extend battery lifespan and lift power performance in hybrid batteries/supercapacitors electrical vehicles, a new energy management strategy is proposed based on model prediction control and adaptive method. Firstly, models of batteries and supercapacitors are built, which are then adapted and simplified to develop state space expression. Secondly, a series of reference values of battery power and supercapacitor state of charge for model prediction methods are properly calculated by the adaptive method. Thereafter, an energy management strategy based on the model prediction control method is designed to allocate the output power of batteries and supercapacitors within constraints, which guarantees batteries lifespan and the power performance of vehicle. Finally, simulation and experiment results are provided to evaluate battery lifespan and power performance of vehicles under HWFET and UDDS road conditions. The results obtained show that the proposed strategy, compared with the former methods, reduce average power and power variation of batteries, and effectively utilize supercapacitors depending on the power demand, which can extend battery lifespan and lift the power performance of vehicle.
Robust distributed consensus tracking control for high‐order uncertain nonlinear MASs with directed topologies
Authors: Liu Jian , Yu Yao , Wang Qing , Sun Changyin
Published: July 2019

This paper addresses the robust distributed consensus tracking problem for leader‐follower multi‐agent systems (MASs) with nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances under directed graph topologies. The nonlinear uncertainties are not required to be continuous or meet the matching conditions. The backstepping design method combined with signal compensation approach is proposed to design robust controllers in order to guarantee the consensus tracking property between the followers and the one leader. Moreover, the dynamic surface control technique is used to deal with the 'explosion of complexity' problem. It is proven that the robust distributed consensus tracking property of the MASs can be guaranteed. Furthermore, the consensus tracking errors can be designed as small as required and the convergence speed can be chosen arbitrarily. Finally, two examples are presented to show the validity of the proposed consensus tracking control protocols.
Characterization of ginsenoside compound K metabolites in rat urine and feces by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Xie Tiantian , Li Zhigang , Li Bo , Sun Rongrong , Zhang Peiying , Lv Junxiu
Published: July 2019

Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is an active metabolite of ginsenoside and has been shown to have ameliorative property in various diseases. However, the detailed in vivo metabolism of this compound has rarely been reported. In the present study, a method using liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry together with multiple data processing techniques, including extracted ion chromatogram, multiple mass defect filter and MS/MS scanning, was developed to detect and characterize the metabolites of CK in rat urine and feces. After oral administration of CK at a dose of 50 mg/kg, urine and feces were collected for a period of time and subjected to a series of pretreatment. A total of 12 metabolites were tentatively or conclusively identified, comprising 11 phase I metabolites and a phase II metabolite. Metabolic pathways of CK has been proposed, including oxidation, deglycosylation, deglycosylation with sequential oxidation and dehydrogenation and deglycosylation with sequential glucuronidation. Relative quantitative analyses suggested that deglycosylation was the main metabolic pathway. The result could offer insights for better understanding of the mechanism of its pharmacological activities.
Sensory deafferentation modulates and redistributes neurocan in the rat auditory brainstem
Authors: Heusinger Josef , Hildebrandt Heika , Illing Robert‐Benjamin
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Cochlear ablation causing sensory deafferentation (SD) of the cochlear nucleus triggers complex re‐arrangements in the cellular and molecular communication networks of the adult mammalian central auditory system. Participation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in these processes is not well understood.

Methods

We investigated consequences of unilateral SD for the expression and distribution of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, neurocan (Ncan) and aggrecan (Agg), alongside various plasticity markers in the auditory brainstem of the adult rat using immunohistochemical techniques.

Results

In the deafferented ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), Ncan expression increased massively within 3 postoperative days (POD), but rapidly decreased thereafter. Agg showed a similar but less pronounced progression. Decrease in Ncan was spatially and temporally related to the re‐innervation of VCN documented by the emergence of growth‐associated protein Gap43 contained in nerve fibers and presynaptic boutons. Concurrently, astrocytes grew and expressed matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP2), an enzyme known to emerge only under re‐innervation of VCN. MMP2 is capable of cleaving both Ncan and Agg when released. A transient modulation of the ECM in the central inferior colliculus on the side opposite to SD occurred by POD1. Modulations of glutamatergic synapses and Gap43 expression were detected, reflecting state changes of the surrounding tissue induced by transsynaptic effects of SD.

Conclusions

The ECM variously participates in adaptive responses to sudden deafness by SD on several levels along the central auditory pathway, with a striking spatial and temporal relationship of Ncan modulation to astrocytic activation and to synaptogenesis.
Assessment of the interplay between scaffold geometry, induced shear stresses, and cell proliferation within a packed bed perfusion bioreactor
Authors: Thibeaux Roman , Duval Hervé , Smaniotto Benjamin , Vennat Elsa , Néron David , David Bertrand
Published: July 2019

By favoring cell proliferation and differentiation, perfusion bioreactors proved efficient at optimizing cell culture. The aim of this study was to quantify cell proliferation within a perfusion bioreactor and correlate it to the wall shear stress (WSS) distribution by combining 3‐D imaging and computational fluid dynamics simulations.NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts were cultured onto a scaffold model made of impermeable polyacetal spheres or Polydimethylsiloxane cubes. After 1, 2, and 3 weeks of culture, constructs were analyzed by micro‐computed tomography (μCT) and quantification of cell proliferation was assessed. After 3 weeks, the volume of cells was found four times higher in the stacking of spheres than in the stacking of cube.3D‐μCT reconstruction of bioreactors was used as input for the numerical simulations. Using a lattice‐Boltzmann method, we simulated the fluid flow within the bioreactors. We retrieved the WSS distribution (PDF) on the scaffolds surface at the beginning of cultivation and correlated this distribution to the local presence of cells after 3 weeks of cultivation. We found that the WSS distributions strongly differ between spheres and cubes even if the porosity and the specific wetted area of the stackings were very similar. The PDF is narrower and the mean WSS is lower for cubes (11 mPa) than for spheres (20 mPa). For the stacking of spheres, the relative occupancy of the surface sites by cells is maximal when WSS is greater than 20 mPa. For cubes, the relative occupancy is maximal when the WSS is lower than 10 mPa. The discrepancies between spheres and cubes are attributed to the more numerous sites in stacking of spheres that may induce 3‐D (multi‐layered) proliferation.
Improved characterization of the relationship between long intergenic non‐coding RNA Linc00152 and the occurrence and development of malignancies
Authors: Xu Jiasheng , Guo Jingjing , Jiang Yangkai , Liu Yujun , Liao Kaili , Fu Zhonghua , Xiong Zhenfang
Published: July 2019

Linc00152, located on chromosome 2p11.2, is a long intergenic non‐coding RNA molecule with 828 nucleotides that is highly expressed in many types of human tumor tissues, especially in malignant tumors of the digestive system. Linc00152 promotes the occurrence and development of tumors by increasing tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Additionally, linc00152 contributes to the carcinogenesis of several cancers, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer, by disturbing various signaling pathways (eg PI3K/AKT, mTOR, IL‐1, and NOTCH 1 signaling pathways). High linc00152 expression levels are associated with chemoresistance as well as poor prognosis and shorter survival. Continual advances made in the relevant research have indicated that linc00152 may be useful as a new tumor molecular biomarker, applicable for tumor diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognosis assessment. This review summarizes the progress in the research into the relationship between linc00152 and the occurrence and development of malignancies based on molecular functions, regulatory mechanisms, and clinical applications.
Thermal, morphological, and physicochemical characteristics of succinylated–crosslinked rice starches
Authors: Moin Abeera , Ali Tahira Mohsin , Hasnain Abid
Published: July 2019

Background and objective

Starches were isolated from two indigenous rice varieties of Pakistan, namely Basmati and Irri. Effect of succinylation followed by crosslinking was studied on thermal, physicochemical, and morphological characteristics of Basmati and Irri starches.

Findings

The percent succinylation and crosslinking were found to be (8.5, 5.9)% and (88.77, 47.49)%, respectively. SEM micrographs revealed surface erosion of starch granules after succinylation. However, modifications were not found to affect granular integrity of starches. The pasting temperature reduced but peak viscosity increased after succinylation. The reduction in peak viscosity of succinylated–crosslinked Irri and Basmati starches was 89% and 47%, respectively, when compared to their succinylated counterparts, which could be attributed to formation of diphosphate linkages after crosslinking. The DSC analysis suggested improvement in granular stability after dual modification. After 7 days of cold storage, native starch gels were found to have significantly higher hardness in comparison with single‐ and dual‐modified starches.

Conclusions

Significant physicochemical alterations occurred after aforementioned dual modification. Findings suggest the use of succinylated–crosslinked rice starches in frozen foods, weaning baby foods, and soft confectionary products.

Significance and novelty

Succinylation followed by crosslinking is a unique modification, which has never been reported on Pakistani Basmati and Irri rice starches. These findings provided fundamentals for the commercial applications of succinylated–crosslinked rice starches. Moreover, the use of inexpensive broken rice grains for preparation of dual‐modified starches could make product development cost‐effective.
Intramolecular Nitrene Insertion into Saturated C−H‐Bond‐Mediated C−N Bond Cleavage of a Coordinated NHC Ligand
Authors: Liu Yungen , Tse Chun‐Wai , Lam Kar‐Yee , Chang Xiao‐Yong , Guan Xiangguo , Chao Meng‐Yao , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: July 2019

Ruthenium(II) complexes bearing a tridentate bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) ligand reacted with iminoiodanes (PhI=NR) resulting in the formation of isolable ruthenium(III)–amido intermediates, which underwent cleavage of a C−N bond of the tridentate ligand and formation of an N‐substituted imine group. The RuIII–amido intermediates have been characterized by 1H NMR, UV/Vis, ESI‐MS, and X‐ray crystallography. DFT calculations were performed to provide insight into the reaction mechanism.