bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System Dynamics Modeling Of Relief Logistics
Authors:   Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Yazd University, Mehrjerdi Yahia Zare , Karimi Shahram ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Yazd University
Published: April 2022

Earthquake crisis management is a continuous process that includes pre- and post-earthquake measures, and are in needs of integration. The optimization models that have been presented in the literature, due to the large dimensions of the model and the existence of computational constraints, only one phase of the earthquake crisis have considered and hence security, cultural, and social constraints are not taken into consideration. In the proposed model using system dynamics technique, an integrated model is introduced. Influential factors were identified through review of past research and interviews with experts. Aftre developing cuasal diagram and the stock and flow diagram mathematical modeling of the problem were in order. Once the simulation of model using Vensim software was satisfaction scenario analysis were started. If the values of the variables after the crisis are optimal, the value of the variable “Coorporation and coordination between the parties involved” improves by 85% and the value of the variable “Organizational Performance “improves by 63%. However, if the values of the variables before the crisis are in the optimal state, the mentioned values will increase by 89% and 86%, respectively. When the values of the model before and after the crisis are simultaneously optimal, the values of these variables will increase by 98 and 160 percent, respectively. The proposed integrated model includes forecasting risk and preparations in the first phase while at the same time considers actions during the earthquake phase and then in the response phase. These all together are causing to develop a model in an optimal way. The effect of training on improving the performance of the healthcare network can also be seen.
Investigation of the effect of the gap at the zero-crossing point of PWMs creating the first level voltage in a multi-level inverter
Authors:   Department of Aviation Electric Electronics, School of Civil Aviation, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Ezincan, CAN Erol , SAYAN HASAN HÜSEYİN ,   Department Of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara
Published: April 2022

Using multi-level inverters in converting direct current to alternating current is one of the most demanded and used methods. While creating multi-level voltage with inverters, the operating times of the switches that constitute the first step of the alternating voltage determine the gap of the step at the zero-crossing point. This situation can be preferred to create an extra level. Therefore, this article examines the effect of variation in operating times and frequencies of first-step PWMs on this zero-crossing point. First, the inverter structure that provides load voltage is given. Then, transition PWM run times are tried for different first-level voltages on the loads. The results obtained show that the PWM operating times at the transition point are quite effective on the load currents and voltages.
Digital Twin of a Data Center at an Educational Institution
Authors:   Computer Engineering Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait., A.M. Mutawa , A.S. Tolba ,   Engineering and Technology Institute, New Heliopolis, Egypt
Published: April 2022

Digital twins are among the most important trends of the fourth industrial revolution. They present a crucial tool for protecting critical mission systems and the development of new services, products, and processes. This paper presents the first digital twin for a data center. The rapid growth of the Internet of things and the areas of modeling and simulation results in high demand for the development of data center digital twins (DCDT) to ensure the safety/protection of critical and costly mission infrastructure and guarantee business continuity, enhance efficiency, and sustain development. This paper presents the design and implementation of a digital twin for a university data center. Different sensory data like temperature, humidity, smoke, and water leakage are analyzed using an intelligent event detection approach, which detects abnormalities using an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) fed with the minimum ratio between successive real-time data streams. The performance of ELM has outperformed that of both Learning Vector Quantization and Radial Basis Function-based neural network classifiers and proved much faster in abnormal event detection.
Single Slope Modification Design for Experimental Study of Solar Desalination System Performance
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Jl.Mukhtar Basri No.3 Medan-North Sumatera, Indonesia., Siregar Munawar Alfansury , Lubis Sudirman ,   Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Jl.Mukhtar Basri No.3 Medan-North Sumatera, Indonesia., Ambarita Himsar ,   Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Almamater, Medan 20155, Indonesia., Singh Ashok Kumar ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, 201306, UP, India., Damanik Wawan Septiawan ,   Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Jl.Mukhtar Basri No.3 Medan-North Sumatera, Indonesia.
Published: April 2022

Fresh water from the desalination process is expected to be commercially produced in large quantities for world consumption needs. In this paper, experimental testing is carried out to obtain the overall characteristics of the desalination device to suit the placement of the test area. The single slope passive desalination tool model with a slope of 35o is still used as the object being tested because of its low cost and environmentally friendly use of solar energy. It is hoped that the performance improvement can be made after obtaining the characteristics of the desalination tool as a whole. It is obtained that the heat energy absorbed reaches 0.31 kWh with a solar intensity of 534.40 W/m2 at the same time. The production of fresh water during the test always follows the brightness and solar intensity. Experimentally obtained the allergy from the desalination device of 0.53 kW/m2 with an energy efficiency of 58.4% with the highest amount of hourly fresh water production of 2.6 kg.
Wisata Adventure Sebagai Alternatif Pengembangan Pariwisata di Kecamatan Bakti Raja Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan
Authors: NAINGGOLAN HETTY CLAUDIA
Published: April 2022

Kecamatan Bakti Raja yang termasuk dalam Kabupaten Humbang hasundutan dikenal dengan keindahan alam dan budaya ditambah pemandangan lansekap dan suasana yang sejuk. Memiliki potensi wisata khususnya di bidang wisata petualang (Adventure) karena terdapat beberapa objek wisata seperti Aek Silang dan Aek Simangira yang memiliki pemandangan yang bagus dan akses yang cukup ekstrem sehingga cocok untuk wisata adventure yaitu arung jeram/ rafting. Selain itu sungai ini juga mempunyai sejarah yang berpengaruh bagi suku batak yang tinggal di daerah tersebut. Wisata adventure ini dapat menjadi alternatif bagi pariwisata di Kecamatan Bakti Raja, namun objek wisata adventure di Kecamatan Bakti Raja ini masih belum dikenal baik oleh masyarakat luas juga wisatawan dikarenakan belum adanya pengemasan paket wisata adventure menuju daerah ini sehingga perlu diadakannya penelitian untuk dapat merekomendasikan paketwisata adventure sehingga dapat dilakukan promosi dan publikasi sehingga wisatawan mengetahui wisata adventure ini. Penelitian ini mengobservasi komponen wisata yang tersedia dan merekomendasikan paket wisata adventure yang dapat membantu stakeholder dalam memperomosikan dan menjual paket wisata adventure. Dengan metode penelitian menggunakan metode Kualitatif deskriftif dan pengambilan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan triangulasi.
Conversion of Petrol Bike to an Electric Bike
Authors: Kaushik Atul
Published: April 2022

An electric vehicle is a type of vehicle that uses electric motor and battery pack instead of an internal combustion engine. Power is given from battery-pack rather than petrol. This saves money and has smaller impact on the environment as well. There are few barriers for the rapid adoption of electric vehicles, like lack of charging infrastructure, limitations of battery technology and high purchase costs. In this project, I am going to converting a petrol bike into electric bike using lithium-ion battery and BLDC motor.
IoT based Automatic Mocktail Maker
Authors: Bendale Sahil Kishor , Choudhari Apurva Anil , Patil Pratiksha Ashok , Mane Guruprasad Ramchandra , Nadaf Alveera Pirmohammad
Published: April 2022

With the ever-expanding need for speed and efficiency of various human needs and the booming field of Internet of Things, the human life is becoming easier. This paper talks about a time saving system and one which reduces human contact for need of various Mocktails/Cocktails. The system includes an online ordering and payment Android application which then sends over data to the machine which makes the drink.
Kesulitan Fungsional Belajar Peserta Didik Dalam Pembelajaran Literasi Dasar Madrasah Ibtida’iyah di Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Rohiani Dewi
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis kesulitan fungsional belajar yang dialami oleh peserta didik MI Kabupaten Lombok Timur,  langkah-langkah penanganan/layanan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan oleh guru dan pihak madrasah, serta dampak penanganan/layanan pembelajaran guru terhadap perkembangan fungsional belajar peserta didik. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 40 Madrasah Ibtida’iyah di Lombok Timur pada bulan Juni 2021. Subjek penelitian ini ialah seluruh  peserta didik kelas 1 s/d 3 berjumlah 1.923 peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 instrumen yaitu Profil Belajar Siswa (PBS) dan pedoman wawancara dengan guru. Validasi data menggunakan informant review, analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, sajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian bahwa peserta didik yang teridentifikasi memiliki kesulitan fungsional belajar dalam pembelajaran literasi dasar yaitu 163 peserta didik atau 8.48%. dengan rincian kesulitan sebagai berikut: 1) kesulitan penglihatan 2,45%; 2) kesulitan pendengaran 3,07%; 3) kesulitan motorik kasar 2,45%; 4) kesulitan motorik halus 3,07%; 5) kesulitan berbicara 52%; 6) kesulitan belajar spesifik 62,58%; 7) kesulitan mengontor perilaku 4,29%; 8) kesulitan mengontrol emosi 6,13%; 9) kesulitan ganda 10,43%. Jumlah laki-laki 119 dan perempuan 44 peserta didik, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta didik laki-laki lebih banyak mengalami kesulitan fungsional belajar dibandingkan perempuan. Langkah penanganan yang dilakukan ialah peserta didik dikelompokkan berdasarkan level kemampuannya serta melibatkan guru pendamping, relawan literasi dan fasilitator daerah. Dampak dari penanganan tersebut secara akademik meningkat terutama pada kognitif, sikap dan perilaku serta sosial-emosinya berkembang.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Pandemi Döneminde Mental İyi Oluş Düzeylerinin Yordayıcıları Olarak Covid-19 Korkusu, Stresle Başa Çıkma ve Ailedeki Koruyucu Etkenler
Authors: BALTACI Önder , AKTAŞ Emirhan , AKBULUT Ömer Faruk
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin pandemi döneminde mental iyi oluş düzeylerinin yordayıcıları olarak Covid-19 korkusu, stresle başa çıkma ve ailedeki koruyucu etkenleri incelemektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden birisi olan korelasyonel model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2020-2021 akademik yılı bahar döneminde Türkiye’deki iki farklı devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 406’sı kadın (%75,3), 133’ü erkek (%24,7) olmak üzere toplam 539 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, “Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği”, “Covid-19 Korkusu Ölçeği”, “Stresle Başa Çıkma Ölçeği”, “Ailedeki Koruyucu Etkenler Ölçeği” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon analizi ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, üniversite öğrencilerinin pandemi döneminde mental iyi oluş düzeyleri ile Covid-19 korkusu düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamsız; stresle başa çıkma düzeyleri ve ailedeki koruyucu faktörler düzeyleri ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ayrıca stresle başa çıkma stratejileri ile ailedeki koruyucu etkenler değişkenlerinin birlikte mental iyi oluştaki toplam varyansın %41,6’sını açıkladığı görülmüştür. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Karakter Kerja Keras dalam Pembelajaran Tematik di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Alfiana Rizki
Published: April 2022

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakter kerja keras dalam pembelajaran tematik. Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel karakter kerja keras dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 17 peserta didik. analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Temuan utama: Hasil ditemukan bahwa pada pembelajaran tematik dapat diintegrasikan dengan pendidikan karakter. Hal ini juga menunjukkan karakter kerja keras peserta didik juga dapat diukur pada pembelajaran tematik. Penerapan pembelajaran tematik dapat menjadi salah satu pembelajaran yang dapat mengukur karakter peserta didik. Karakter peserta didik tersebut menjadi hal khusus atau keunikan tersendiri peserta didik dalam mengatur sikap dan kepribadian mereka. Keterbaruan penelitian: Setelah dilakukan penelitian didapatkan keterbaharuan dari penelitian ini yaitu pembelajaran tematik yang diterapkan di sekolah dasar memberikan dampak yang luar biasa bagi guru, peserta didik maupun lingkungan sekolah.
A systematic study of the Thlaspi s.l. taxa in sections Nomisma, Thlaspi and Pterotropis from Turkey based on fruit morphological and molecular data
Authors: Cengiz Karaismailoğlu Mehmet , İnal Behcet , Erol Osman
Published: April 2022

The classification of Thlaspi s.l. is still problematic. Earlier phylogenetic research of the genus has focused on several small groups within Thlaspi s.str. and lacks detailed morphological observations. The
relationships among Eurasian taxa and the value of fruit morphology in defining them have yet to be studied. The aim of this study was to analyze 22 taxa belonging to the Nomisma, Thlaspi and Pterotropis sections of Thlaspi s.l. from Turkey using maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of Internal Transcript Spacer (ITS) sequences. We also analyzed
their fruit morphological features. According to the results, the examined taxa fell into 2 main clades. Moreover, clade II showed 3 sub-clusters. Thlaspi huetii and T. aghricum were the most distant taxa with a distance of 0.49%; however, T. ochroleucum and T. violascens were
found to be 99% similar. According to ITS region data based on multiple
populations of each taxon, T. arvense, T. huetii, T. perfoliatum, T. violascens, T. cataonicum, T. elegans, T. rosulare and T. aghricum were placed together in one cluster, which indicates that they are monophyletic. Thlaspi elegans was found to be a polyploid complex based on bootstrap (BS) (a resampling technique that uses replacement sampling
to estimate statistics in a population) values, which varied widely among the studied T. elegans taxa (98, 65 and 49%). Fruit morphology also supported the inter-specific relationships based on molecular data,
and relationships found by ITS region data were compatible with fruit type and geographic distribution. A diagnostic key based on fruit morphology is provided for the identification of the examined Thlaspi taxa.
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Era of COVID-19
Authors:   Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hassanzadeh Sara , Neshat Sina , Heidari Afshin , Moslehi Masoud
Published: April 2022

Review question / Objective: This review studies all aspects of myocardial perfusion imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (MPI SPECT) after the COVID-19 pandemic. Condition being studied: Many imaging modalities have been reduced after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our focus in this review is to see if the number of MPIs is lowered or not and, if so, why. Furthermore, it is possible that a combination of CT attenuation correction and MPI could yield findings. In this study, we'll also look for these probable findings. Third, we know from previous studies that COVID might cause cardiac injuries in some people. Since MPI is a cardiovascular imaging technique, it might shows those injuries. So we'll review articles to find out in patients with active COVID infection, long COVID, or previous COVID cases what findings in MPI those cardiac injuries can cause.
Centipedes (Chilopoda) from the Dagestan, northern Caucasus, Russia
Authors: Dyachkov Yurii V. , Zuev Roman V. , Gichikhanova Uzlipat A.
Published: April 2022

The centipede fauna of the Dagestan comprises at least 19 species from 12 genera, 9 families, and 4 orders; 14 species are new to the regional list, including new to the fauna of northern Caucasus: Bothriogaster signata (Kessler, 1874), genus Bothriogaster Sseliwanoff, 1879, family Himantariidae, and Lithobius (L.) erythrocephalus C.L. Koch, 1847; or to the Caucasian fauna: Dignathodon microcephalus (Lucas, 1846), and genus Dignathodon Meinert, 1870. The most of the species are illustrated.
Нефтегазоносный потенциал складчато-надвиговых зон восточного и южного обрамлений Восточно-Европейской платформы
Authors:   ООО «СЕВЕРО-УРАЛЬСКАЯ НЕФТЕГАЗОВАЯ КОМПАНИЯ», Россия, 142784, г. Москва, Киевское шоссе 1, БП «Румянцево», Соборнов К.О.
Published: April 2022

Трансформация энергетической отрасли актуализирует пересмотр приоритетов нефтегазовой геологоразведки. В условиях дефицита инвестиций наибольший интерес представляют зоны нефтегазонакопления, которые обладают потенциалом высокой плотности запасов и располагаются по соседству с существующей инфраструктурой. Этим критериям в России и Казахстане с наибольшей вероятностью соответствуют складчато-надвиговые зоны восточного и южного обрамления супербассейнов Восточно-Европейской платформы. До коллизионной складчатости они принадлежали значительно более крупной Уральской континентальной окраине. Она являлась долгоживущими очагом нефтегазообразования, вклад которого в развитие нефтегазовых систем этих бассейнов недооценен. Использование современных технологий геологоразведки с применением новых знаний, с большой вероятностью, позволит существенно нарастить запасы нефти и газа в этих районах. В статье рассматриваются геологические предпосылки открытия в них новых месторождений. Приводятся примеры, которые показывают перспективные направления геологоразведочных работ.
РАЗВИТИЕ НЕФТЕГАЗОПЕРЕРАБОТКИ И НЕФТЕХИМИИ КАК ОСНОВА ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ЭКОНОМИКИ КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors:   ИНСТИТУТ ЭКОНОМИКИ КН МОН РК Республика Казахстан, 050010, Алматы, ул. Курмангазы, 29, Егоров Олег , Чигаркина Ольга ,   ИНСТИТУТ ЭКОНОМИКИ КН МОН РК Республика Казахстан, 050010, Алматы, ул. Курмангазы, 29
Published: April 2022

В целях повышения конкурентоспособности необходимым является развитие нефтегазоперерабатывающих и нефтехимических производств. Это обусловлено ростом собственных потребностей и тем, что экспорт продукции нефтехимических производств значительно выгоднее экспорта сырья. Анализируя потребности международного рынка в продукции нефтехимии, можно отметить, что для Республики Казахстан предпочтительным является создание и дальнейшее развитие нефтехимических и химических производств, ориентированных на выпуск таких продуктов как полиэтилен, полипропилен, полистирол, бензол, метанол и др. Первостепенной задачей является перевод нефтегазового комплекса на инновационный путь развития, предусматривающий реконструкцию и модернизацию перерабатывающих предприятий, внедрение на них процессов глубокой переработки сырья, а также рационального использования отходов производства.
Stacked Periodograms as a Probe of Exoplanetary Populations
Authors: Cabot Samuel H. C. , Laughlin Gregory
Published: April 2022

Ongoing, extreme-precision Doppler radial-velocity (RV) surveys seek planets with masses less than several M
⊕; population-level studies to determine the distribution of planetary masses, however, remain difficult due to the required observational time investment, as well as challenges associated with robustly detecting the lowest-mass planets. We outline a novel approach that leverages extensive, existing RV data sets to constrain masses of exoplanet populations: stacking periodograms of RV time series across many targets. We show that an exoplanet population may be statistically identifiable in the stacked periodogram, even when individual planets do not pass the threshold of detection. We discuss analytical, statistical properties of the stacked periodogram, perform simulations to demonstrate the efficacy of the method, and investigate the influence of semistructured window functions and stellar activity. Analysis of the Lick–Carnegie Exoplanet Survey data set reveals a marginally significant (1.6σ) signal consistent with a population of exoplanets occupying 3–7 days periods with typical K between 1.6–5.1 m s−1. More detailed investigation of signals associated with stellar activity and yearly systematics may be necessary to confirm this result or detect other underlying Keplerian contributions.
Multiwavelength Mitigation of Stellar Activity in Astrometric Planet Detection
Authors: Kaplan-Lipkin Avi , Macintosh Bruce , Madurowicz Alexander , Sowmya Krishnamurthy , Shapiro Alexander , Krivova Natalie , Solanki Sami K.
Published: April 2022

Astrometry has long been a promising technique for exoplanet detection. At the theoretical limits, astrometry would allow for the detection of smaller planets than previously seen by current exoplanet search methods, but stellar activity may make these theoretical limits unreachable. Astrometric jitter of a Sun-like star due to magnetic activity in its photosphere induces apparent variability in the photocenter of order 0.5 mR
⊙. This jitter creates a fundamental astrophysical noise floor preventing detection of lower-mass planets in a single spectral band. By injecting planet orbits into simulated solar data at five different passbands, we investigate mitigation of this fundamental astrometric noise using correlations across passbands. For a true solar analog and a planet at 1 au semimajor axis, the 6σ detection limit set by stellar activity for an ideal telescope at the best single passband is 0.01 Earth masses. We found that pairs of passbands with highly correlated astrometric jitter due to stellar activity, but with less motion in the redder band, enable higher-precision measurements of the common signal from the planet. Using this method improves detectable planet masses at 1 au by up to a factor of 10, corresponding to at best 0.005 Earth masses for a Sun-like star with a perfect telescope. Given these results, we recommend that future astrometry missions consider proceeding with two or more passbands to reduce noise due to stellar activity.
A Spatially-resolved Large Cavity of the J0337 Protoplanetary Disk in Perseus
Authors: Uyama Taichi , Ruane Garreth , Lawson Kellen , Muto Takayuki , Beichman Charles , van der Marel Nienke
Published: April 2022

We present Keck/NIRC2 K
p
L
p high-contrast imaging observations of a J0337 protoplanetary disk. The data discover the spatially-resolved large cavity, which is the second report among protoplanetary disks in the Perseus star-forming region after the LkHα 330 system. Our data and forward modeling using RADMC-3D suggests ∼80 au for the cavity radius. There is discrepancy between J0337's spectral energy distribution (SED) and the modeled SED at ∼10 μm and this suggests an unseen inner disk. We also searched for companions around J0337 but did not detect any companion candidates at separations between 0.″1 and 2.″5. The L
p-band detection limit corresponds to ∼20M
Jup at 60 au, ∼9–10M
Jup at 90 au, and ∼3M
Jup at >120 au. Compared with other young systems with large cavities such as PDS 70 and RX J1604, multiple Jovian planets, a single eccentric Jovian planet, or a massive brown dwarf at an inner separation could exist within the cavity.
A SUBLIME 3D Model for Cometary Coma Emission: The Hypervolatile-rich Comet C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS)
Authors: Cordiner M. A. , Coulson I. M. , Garcia-Berrios E. , Qi C. , Lique F. , Zołtowski M. , de Val-Borro M. , Kuan Y.-J. , Ip W.-H. , Mairs S. , Roth N. X. , Charnley S. B. , Milam S. N. , Tseng W.-L , Chuang Y.-L
Published: April 2022

The coma of comet C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS) is one of the most chemically peculiar ever observed, in particular due to its extremely high CO/H2O and

N

2

+

/H2O ratios, and unusual trace volatile abundances. However, the complex shape of its CO emission lines, as well as uncertainties in the coma structure and excitation, has lead to ambiguities in the total CO production rate. We performed high-resolution, spatially, spectrally, and temporally resolved CO observations using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and Submillimeter Array to elucidate the outgassing behavior of C/2016 R2. Results are analyzed using a new, time-dependent, three-dimensional radiative transfer code (SUBlimating gases in LIME; SUBLIME, based on the open-source version of the LIne Modeling Engine), incorporating for the first time, accurate state-to-state collisional rate coefficients for the CO–CO system. The total CO production rate was found to be in the range of (3.8 − 7.6) × 1028 s−1 between 2018 January 13 and February 1 (at r
H = 2.8–2.9 au), with a mean value of (5.3 ± 0.6) × 1028 s−1. The emission is concentrated in a near-sunward jet, with a half-opening angle of ∼62° and an outflow velocity of 0.51 ± 0.01 km s−1, compared to 0.25 ± 0.01 km s−1 in the ambient (and nightside) coma. Evidence was also found for an extended source of CO emission, possibly due to icy grain sublimation around 1.2 × 105 km from the nucleus. Based on the coma molecular abundances, we propose that the nucleus ices of C/2016 R2 can be divided into a rapidly sublimating apolar phase, rich in CO, CO2, N2, and CH3OH, and a predominantly frozen (or less abundant), polar phase containing more H2O, CH4, H2CO, and HCN.
ALMA Measures Molecular Gas Reservoirs Comparable to Field Galaxies in a Low-mass Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.3
Authors: Williams Christina C. , Alberts Stacey , Spilker Justin S. , Noble Allison G. , Stefanon Mauro , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Bezanson Rachel , Narayanan Desika , Whitaker Katherine E.
Published: April 2022

We report the serendipitous discovery of an overdensity of CO emitters in an X-ray-identified cluster (Log10
M
halo/M
⊙ ∼ 13.6 at z = 1.3188) using ALMA. We present spectroscopic confirmation of six new cluster members exhibiting CO(2–1) emission, adding to two existing optical/IR spectroscopic members undetected in CO. This is the lowest-mass cluster to date at z > 1 with molecular gas measurements, bridging the observational gap between galaxies in the more extreme, well-studied clusters (Log10
M
halo/M
⊙ ≳ 14) and those in group or field environments at cosmic noon. The CO sources are concentrated on the sky (within ∼1 arcmin diameter) and phase space analysis indicates the gas resides in galaxies already within the cluster environment. We find that CO sources sit in similar phase space as CO-rich galaxies in more massive clusters at similar redshifts (have similar accretion histories) while maintaining field-like molecular gas reservoirs, compared to scaling relations. This work presents the deepest CO survey to date in a galaxy cluster at z > 1, uncovering gas reservoirs down to

M

H

2

>
1.6
×

10

10

M
⊙ (5σ at 50% primary beam). Our deep limits rule out the presence of gas content in excess of the field scaling relations; however, combined with literature CO detections, cluster gas fractions in general appear systematically high, on the upper envelope or above the field. This study is the first demonstration that low-mass clusters at z ∼ 1–2 can host overdensities of CO emitters with surviving gas reservoirs, in line with the prediction that quenching is delayed after first infall while galaxies consume the gas bound to the disk.
Lunar Orbit Measurement of the Cosmic Dawn’s 21 cm Global Spectrum
Authors: Shi 施 Yuan 嫄 , Deng 邓 Furen 辅仁 , Xu 徐 Yidong 怡冬 , Wu 吴 Fengquan 锋泉 , Yan 严 Qisen 琦森 , Chen 陈 Xuelei 学雷
Published: April 2022

A redshifted 21 cm line absorption signature is commonly expected from the cosmic dawn era, when the first stars and galaxies formed. The detailed traits of this signal can provide important insight on the cosmic history. However, high-precision measurement of this signal is hampered by ionosphere refraction and absorption, as well as radio frequency interference (RFI). Space observation can solve the problem of the ionosphere, and the Moon can shield the RFI from Earth. In this paper, we present simulations of the global spectrum measurement in the 30–120 MHz frequency band on the lunar orbit from the proposed Discovering the Sky at the Longest wavelength project. In particular, we consider how the measured signal varies as the satellite moves along the orbit and take into account the blockage of different parts of the sky by the Moon and the antenna response. We estimate the sensitivity for such a 21 cm global spectrum experiment. An rms noise level of ≤0.05 K is expected at 75 MHz after 10 orbits (∼1 day) observation, for a frequency channel width of 0.4 MHz. We also study the influence of a frequency-dependent beam, which may generate complex structures in the spectrum. Estimates of the uncertainties in the foreground and 21 cm model parameters are obtained.
On Estimating the Cosmic Molecular Gas Density from CO Line Intensity Mapping Observations
Authors: Breysse Patrick C. , Yang Shengqi , Somerville Rachel S. , Pullen Anthony R. , Popping Gergö , Maniyar Abhishek S.
Published: April 2022

The Millimeter-wave Intensity Mapping Experiment (mmIME) recently reported a detection of excess spatial fluctuations at a wavelength of 3 mm, which can be attributed to unresolved emission of several CO rotational transitions between z ∼ 1 and 5. We study the implications of these data for the high-redshift interstellar medium using a suite of state-of-the-art semianalytic simulations that have successfully reproduced many other submillimeter line observations across the relevant redshift range. We find that the semianalytic predictions are mildly in tension with the mmIME result, with a predicted CO power ∼3.5σ below what was observed. We explore some simple modifications to the models that could resolve this tension. Increasing the molecular gas abundance at the relevant redshifts to ∼108
M
⊙ Mpc−3, a value well above that obtained from directly imaged sources, would resolve the discrepancy, as would assuming a CO–H2 conversion factor α
CO of ∼1.5 M
⊙ K−1 (km s−1)−1 pc2, a value somewhat lower than is commonly assumed. We go on to demonstrate that these conclusions are quite sensitive to the detailed assumptions of our simulations, highlighting the need for more careful modeling efforts as more intensity mapping data become available.
Detection of Gravitational Redshift in Open Cluster Nondegenerate Stars
Authors: Gutiérrez Carlos M. , Ramos-Chernenko Nataliya
Published: April 2022

A key observational prediction of Einstein’s Equivalence Principle is that light undergoes redshift when it escapes from a gravitational field. Although astrophysics provides a wide variety of physical conditions in which this redshift should be significant, until very recently the observational evidence for this gravitational effect was limited to the light emitted by the Sun and white dwarfs. Gaia-DR2 astrometric and kinematic data, in combination with other spectroscopic observations, provides a test bench to validate such predictions in statistical terms. The aim of this paper is to analyze several thousand main-sequence and giant stars in open clusters (OCs) in order to measure the gravitational redshift effect. Observationally, a spectral shift will depend on the stellar mass-to-radius ratio as expected from the theoretical estimation of relativity. After the analysis, the obtained correlation coefficient between theoretical predictions and observations for 28 (51) OCs is a = 0.977 ± 0.218 (0.899 ± 0.137). The result has proven to be statistically robust and with little dependence on the details of the methodology or sample selection criteria. This study represents one of the more extensive validations of a fundamental prediction of gravity theories.
Studying Magnetic Fields and Dust in M17 Using Polarized Thermal Dust Emission Observed by SOFIA/HAWC+
Authors: Hoang Thuong Duc , Ngoc Nguyen Bich , Diep Pham Ngoc , Tram Le Ngoc , Hoang Thiem , Pattle Kate , Lim Wanggi , Le Ngan , Nguyen Dieu D. , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Fuda Nguyen , Bui Tuan Van , Truong Le Gia Bao , Phan Hien , Giang Nguyen Chau
Published: April 2022

We report on the highest spatial resolution measurement to date of magnetic fields (B-fields) in M17 using thermal dust polarization measurements taken by SOFIA/HAWC+ centered at a wavelength of 154 μm. Using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, in which the polarization angle dispersion calculated using the structure function technique is the quantity directly observed by SOFIA/HAWC+, we found the presence of strong B-fields of 980 ± 230 and 1665 ± 885 μG in the lower-density M17-N and higher-density M17-S regions, respectively. The B-field morphology in M17-N possibly mimics the fields in gravitationally collapsing molecular cores, while in M17-S the fields run perpendicular to the density structure. M17-S also displays a pillar feature and an asymmetric large-scale hourglass-shaped field. We use the mean B-field strengths to determine Alfvénic Mach numbers for both regions, finding that B-fields dominate over turbulence. We calculate the mass-to-flux ratio, λ, finding λ = 0.07 for M17-N and 0.28 for M17-S. These subcritical λ values are consistent with the lack of massive stars formed in M17. To study dust physics, we analyze the relationship between dust polarization fraction, p, emission intensity, I, gas column density, N(H2), polarization angle dispersion function, S, and dust temperature, T
d. p decreases with intensity as I
−α
with α = 0.51. p tends to first increase with T
d, but then decreases at higher T
d. The latter feature, seen in M17-N at high T
d when N(H2) and S decrease, is evidence of the radiative torque disruption effect.
Improving White Dwarfs as Chronometers with Gaia Parallaxes and Spectroscopic Metallicities
Authors: Moss Adam , von Hippel Ted , Robinson Elliot , El-Badry Kareem , Stenning David C. , van Dyk David , Fouesneau Morgan , Bailer-Jones Coryn A. L. , Jeffery Elizabeth , Sargent Jimmy , Kloc Isabelle , Moticska Natalie
Published: April 2022

White dwarfs (WDs) offer unrealized potential in solving two problems in astrophysics: stellar age accuracy and precision. WD cooling ages can be inferred from surface temperatures and radii, which can be constrained with precision by high-quality photometry and parallaxes. Accurate and precise Gaia parallaxes along with photometric surveys provide information to derive cooling and total ages for vast numbers of WDs. Here we analyze 1372 WDs found in wide binaries with main-sequence (MS) companions and report on the cooling and total age precision attainable in these WD+MS systems. The total age of a WD can be further constrained if its original metallicity is known because the MS lifetime depends on metallicity at fixed mass, yet metallicity is unavailable via spectroscopy of the WD. We show that incorporating spectroscopic metallicity constraints from 38 wide binary MS companions substantially decreases internal uncertainties in WD total ages compared to a uniform constraint. Averaged over the 38 stars in our sample, the total (internal) age uncertainty improves from 21.04% to 16.77% when incorporating the spectroscopic constraint. Higher mass WDs yield better total age precision; for eight WDs with zero-age MS masses ≥2.0 M
⊙, the mean uncertainty in total ages improves from 8.61% to 4.54% when incorporating spectroscopic metallicities. We find that it is often possible to achieve 5% total age precision for WDs with progenitor masses above 2.0 M
⊙ if parallaxes with ≤1% precision and Pan-STARRS g, r, and i photometry with ≤0.01 mag precision are available.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Anomalous Microwave Emission, and their Connection to the Cold Neutral Medium
Authors: Hensley Brandon S. , Murray Claire E. , Dodici Mark
Published: April 2022

Using new large-area maps of the cold neutral medium (CNM) fraction, f
CNM, we investigate the relationship between the CNM, the abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the anomalous microwave emission (AME). We first present our f
CNM map based on full-sky HI4PI data, using a convolutional neural network to convert the spectroscopic H i data to f
CNM. We demonstrate that f
CNM is strongly correlated with the fraction of dust in PAHs as estimated from mid- and far-infrared dust emission. In contrast, we find no correlation between f
CNM and the amount of AME per dust emission and no to weakly negative correlation between f
CNM and the AME peak frequency. These results suggest PAHs preferentially reside in cold, relatively dense gas, perhaps owing to enhanced destruction in more diffuse media. The lack of positive correlation between f
CNM and AME peak frequency is in tension with expectations from theoretical models positing different spectral energy distributions of AME in the cold versus warm neutral medium. We suggest that different PAH abundances and emission physics in different interstellar environments may explain the weaker-than-expected correlation between 12 μm PAH emission and AME even if PAHs are the AME carriers.
Probing Planets with Exomoons: The Cases of Kepler-1708 b and Kepler-1625 b
Authors: Tokadjian Armen , Piro Anthony L.
Published: April 2022

The tidal interactions between a planet and moon can provide insight into the properties of the host planet. The recent exomoon candidates Kepler-1708 b-i and Kepler-1625 b-i are Neptune-sized satellites orbiting Jupiter-like planets and provide an opportunity to apply such methods. We show that if the tidal migration time is roughly equal to the age of these systems, then the tidal dissipation factor Q for the planets Kepler-1708 b and Kepler-1625 b have values of ∼3 × 105–3 × 106 and ∼1.5 × 105–4 × 105, respectively. In each case, these are consistent with estimates for gas-giant planets. Even though some work suggests an especially large semimajor axis for Kepler-1625 b-i, we find that this would imply a surprisingly low Q ∼ 2000 for a gas giant unless the moon formed at essentially its current position. More detailed predictions for the moons’ initial semimajor axis could provide even better constraints on Q, and we discuss the formation scenarios for a moon in this context. Similar arguments can be used as more exomoons are discovered in the future to constrain exoplanet interior properties. This could be especially useful for exoplanets near the sub-Neptune/super-Earth radius gap where the planet structure is uncertain.
Spurious Radial Migration from Relativistic Effects in the Milky Way Disk
Authors: Loeb Abraham
Published: April 2022

The gradient of the gravitational redshift in the potential of the Milky Way induces an apparent spurious radial migration. I show that this effect is simply related to the local acceleration, which was measured recently by Gaia eDR3, implying a spectroscopic shift of −2.4 × 10−2(r/8 kpc)−1 km s−1 kpc−1. The transverse Doppler effect yields a comparable contribution. The spurious radial velocity from both relativistic effects amounts to crossing a major portion of the Milky Way disk during the age of the universe, and must be corrected for in any future measurement of the actual radial migration of stars.
Applying Random Forest Classification to Ultracool Dwarf Discovery in Deep Surveys. I. Color Classification with SDSS, UKIDSS, and WISE Photometry
Authors: Gong Zijie , Nava Vega Adriana , Gauna Gutierrez Eduardo , Mendiola Maytorena Arantxa , Verdaguer Carlos , Aganze Christian , Danner Christopher , Burgasser Adam J.
Published: April 2022

In this first of two studies, we apply a random forest model to classify ultracool dwarfs from broadband color information. Using the Skrzypek et al. ultracool dwarf sample and a set of background sources, we trained a random forest classifier based on 28 colors derived from optical and infrared photometry from SDSS, UKIDSS, and WISE. Our model achieves 99.7% accuracy in segregating L- and T-type UCDs from background sources, and 97% accuracy in separating spectral subgroups. A separate random forest regressor model achieved a spectral classification precision of 1.3 subtypes. We applied these models to a 12.6 deg2 region with overlapping SDSS, UKIDSS, and WISE coverage and identified 35 UCD candidates, five of which are previously reported, of which four are photometrically or spectroscopically classified UCDs. Our random forest model can be applied to multiple surveys to greatly expand the known census of UCDs.
Subseasonal Variation in Neptune’s Mid-infrared Emission
Authors: Roman Michael T. , Fletcher Leigh N. , Orton Glenn S. , Greathouse Thomas K. , Moses Julianne I. , Rowe-Gurney Naomi , Irwin Patrick G. J. , Antuñano Arrate , Sinclair James , Kasaba Yasumasa , Fujiyoshi Takuya , de Pater Imke , Hammel Heidi B.
Published: April 2022

We present an analysis of all currently available ground-based imaging of Neptune in the mid-infrared. Dating between 2003 and 2020, the images reveal changes in Neptune’s mid-infrared (∼8–25 μm) emission over time in the years surrounding Neptune’s 2005 southern summer solstice. Images sensitive to stratospheric ethane (∼12 μm), methane (∼8 μm), and CH3D (∼9 μm) display significant subseasonal temporal variation on regional and global scales. Comparison with H2 S(1) hydrogen quadrupole (∼17.035 μm) spectra suggests that these changes are primarily related to stratospheric temperature changes. The stratosphere appears to have cooled between 2003 and 2009 across multiple filtered wavelengths, followed by a dramatic warming of the south pole between 2018 and 2020. Conversely, upper-tropospheric temperatures—inferred from ∼17 to 25 μm imaging—appear invariant during this period, except for the south pole, which appeared warmest between 2003 and 2006. We discuss the observed variability in the context of seasonal forcing, tropospheric meteorology, and the solar cycle. Collectively, these data provide the strongest evidence to date that processes produce subseasonal variation on both global and regional scales in Neptune’s stratosphere.
Competency Achievement of Apothecary Students through Community Health Interprofessional Program
Authors: Hanifah Suci , Sari Chynthia Pradiftha , Medisa Dian , Rahmawati Riana
Published: April 2022

Objective: aims to measure the achievement of inter-professional competency of apothecary and medical students after taking IPE in a form of home care visit.
Methods: Fifty-eight students of pharmacy and seventy-eight medical students are listed in the community health interprofessional program (COHIP) by simulation on prescription service and followed by home visit to patients of public health center. Evaluation is conducted by taking the design of pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental without group control. The research result is measured by using Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Scale (ICCAS) consists of communication, collaborative, roles and responsibilities, collaborative patient/family-centered approach, conflict management/resolution, and team functioning. The compiled data are displayed descriptively in which statistical paired sample T-test was conducted.
Result: 134 respondents involved in this program had finished the pre-test and post-test. The highest mean values of IPE activity of apothecary and medical student are collaborative and conflict management/resolution domain. The overall statistical analysis result of ICCAS domains and items shows significant improvement.
Conclusion: Home visit program and simulation on prescription service in a frame of community health interprofessional program have effect towards the improvement of inter-professional competency of pharmacy and medical students, which consists of Communication, Collaborative, Roles and Responsibilities, Collaborative Patient/Family-Centered Approach, Conflict Management/Resolution, and Team Functioning.
Stunting Prevention in Coastal Family with Health-Promoting Family Approach
Authors: Wilianarti Pipit Festi , Wulandari Yuanita , Ghufron Musa , Rahman Firman Suryadi
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that occurs worldwide, including in Indonesia. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has increasingly caused stunting to increase in coastal areas in particular.

AIM: This study aimed to obtain a stunting prevention model with a Health-Promoting Family model approach in coastal families.

METHODS: This study was quantitative research. The population in this study was mothers of toddlers aged 6–48 months in the coastal areas of Pamekasan. The sample in this study was mothers of 135 toddlers in Tlanakan and Talang villages who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The independent variables are the history of present illness, mother’s knowledge, care patterns, literacy, cultural aspects, and family support—while the dependent variable is family prevention behavior regarding the incidence of stunting. Data collection was carried out by interview method using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Logistic Regression test (=0.05)

RESULTS: The factors that affect stunting prevention are knowledge p = 0.008 (CI: 1.438–11.780), literacy p = 0.000 (CI: 2.136–17.003), cultural aspects p = 0.00 (CI: 0.039–0.366) and family support p = 0.000 (CI: 1.273–20.498).

CONCLUSION: Knowledge, family support, literacy, and culture affect stunting prevention in families. It takes the collaboration of the community, the government participation in strengthening maternal and child health programs that support the achievement of stunting prevention in families. There are opportunities to research what appropriate forms of literacy in families support the success of stunting prevention in toddlers for further studies.
Correlation between Visual Analog Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 among Breast Cancer Patient at Islamic Hospital of Malahayati Medan
Authors: Bintang Rahma Setia , Effendy Elmeida , Amin Mustafa M.
Published: April 2022

World Health Organization reported that in 2018 the most prevalent cancer cases in Indonesia is breast cancer with a total of 58,256 cases (16.7%) from total cancer cases in Indonesia. Among cancer patients, pain is the most profound and definite effect that has been linked to reduced quality of life as well as the development of depression. In Indonesia, studies investigating the effect of pain among breast cancer patient with depression is still lacking.  
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pain with depression among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Islamic Hospital of Malahayati Medan.  
Methods applied in this study was cross sectional numerical correlative study involved 35 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Islamic Hospital of Malahayati Medan age 40 – 60 years old. In order to assess pain, we used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and as for depression, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used. Pearson correlation test was used to assess the correlation between pain and depression  
The results  showed that most of our subjects graduated from university, are already married and employed. Most are already at the third stadium with VAS score of around 4.89 + 1.530 indicating moderate pain and PHQ-9 score of 8.23 + 3.456 indicating mild depression. Pearson test showed r = 0.511 (mild strength) indicating that pain severity is correlated positively to depression severity.  
Conclusion: There is a correlation between VAS score and PHQ-9 score among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Islamic Hospital of Malahayati Medan.