bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Dukungan Suami Terhadap Status Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Sengkol Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Hardaniyati Hardaniyati , Ariendha Dian Soekmawaty Riezqy
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of husband's support to anemia status in pregnancy at Sengkol Health Center, Central Lombok Regency. This research method is a cross sectional observational study. It was conducted in March-April 2018 with an anemia random sampling population of 59 respondents, data analysis using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using chi square. the results showed that there was a relationship between husband's support and anemia status, most respondents did not support moderate anemia 19 (63.3%), the results of the analysis using chi-square obtained p-value 0.002 due to p-value <? (0.05) . Husband's support from the family can encourage pregnant women to be more enthusiastic in facing the changes that occur during pregnancy, including maintaining the health of their pregnancy through increased pregnancy visits and consumption of iron tablets. In conclusion, there is a relationship between husband's support for anemia status in pregnant women in Sengkol Health Center, Central Lombok District
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Budaya, Dan Pekerjaan Dengan Pemberian Makanan Bayi Usia 6-11 Bulan di Lombok Tengah
Authors: Natalia Omiati
Published: February 2022

Kebutuhan gizi bayi usia lebih dari 6 bulan baik makronutrien maupun mikronutrien tidak dapat terpenuhi hanya oleh ASI, oleh karena itu memulai pemberian MP ASI pada saat yang tepat akan sangat bermanfaat bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi dan tumbuh kembang bayi. Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, budaya dan pekerjaan dengan pemberian makanan bayi 6-11 bulan di Lombok Tengah. Jenis penilitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel 156. Sampel  dipilih dengan teknik Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling, kemudian sampel dari setiap srtata dipilih secara Systematic Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terpimpin menggunakan kuesioner dan formulir food recall. Analisis multivariate dengan Regresi Logistik menggunakan metode Stepwise. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan dengan pemberian makanan bayi dengan nilai p=0,000, budaya berhubungan signifikan dengan pemberian makanan bayi dengan nilai p= 0,002 dan pekerjaan berhubungan signifikan dengan pemberian makanan bayi dengan nilai p=0,005. Disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan, budaya dan pekerjaan berhubungan dengan pemberian makanan bayi 6-11 bulan di Lombok Tengah.
Hubungan Lingkar Perut dan Tekanan Darah Karyawan STIKES Yarsi Mataram
Authors: Arifin Zaenal , Antari Gladeva Yugi , Albayani Melati Inyati
Published: February 2022

Diperkirakan sekitar 20-25% populasi dewasa di dunia memiliki sindrom metabolik dan memiliki resiko 2 kali untuk mengalami serangan jantung dan stroke. Peningkatan prevalensi sindroma metabolik terkait dengan peningkatan komponen sindroma metabolik seperti diabetes mellitus, obesitas sentral, hipertensi dan dislipidemia. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2013 menunjukkan adanya  peningkatan pada diabetes mellitus menjadi 2,1%, obesitas sentral menjadi 26,6%, hipertensi menjadi 9,5%, dan penyakit jantung meningkat menjadi 1,5%. Salah satu komponen sindrom metabolik yang prevalensi menunjukkan peningkatan adalah hipertensi. Hipertensi merupakan faktor dari obesitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkar perut dan tekanan darah. Desain penelitian observasional yang bersifat korelatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Stikes Yarsi Mataram pada bulan Desember 2018 sampai Januari 2019. Sampel penelitian adalah karyawan Stikes Yarsi Mataram sebanyak 51 orang menggunakan tehnik purpossive sampling. Secara statistik terdapat hubungan bermakna antara lingkar perut dan tekanan darah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa Hasil uji statistik lingkar perut pada tekanan darah sistol diperoleh nilai p<0,001, berarti terdapat hubungan lingkar perut dengan tekanan darah sistol. Hasil uji statistik lingkar perut pada tekanan darah diastol diperoleh nilai p<0,001, berarti terdapat hubungan lingkar perut dengan tekanan darah diastol.
Knowledge and Attitude of Sidoarjo Communities About The Prevention of Covid-19 Transmission
Authors: Setyawati Irni , Utami Kusniyati , Suprayitna Marthilda
Published: February 2022

Dunia saat ini sedang dilanda wabah pandemi virus menyerupai infeksi saluran pernafasan atas (ISPA) yang masih belum diketahui penyebabnya dengan pasti. Sampai dengan tanggal 27 Juli 2020 jumlah kasus Covid-19 di Jawa Timur sebanyak 20.539 kasus terkonfirmasi positif, 12.318 orang dinyatakan sembuh, dan 1.589 orang dinyatakan meninggal (Gugus tugas percepatan Covid-19 RI, 2020). kasus positif Covid-19 di Sidoarjo, sampai dengan tanggal 27 Juli 2020 terdapat 3.041 orang terkonfirmasi positif, 1.745 orang dinyatakan sembuh, dan 180 orang dinyatakan meninggal (Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Sidoarjo, 2020).  Tujuan dilakukannya untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat Sidoarjo tentang upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19.

Rancangan penelitian ini adalah survei deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi responden yaitu laki-laki atau perempuan berusia lebih dari sama dengan 20 tahun yang berdomisili di kabupaten Sidoarjo. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner berbasis google formulir yang disebarkan melalui whatsapp pada tanggal 15-18 Juli 2020 ke 18 kecamatan. Kuesioner mendapat tanggapan sebanyak 124 orang dari 13 kecamatan.

Sebagian besar responden mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19 sebanyak 94,4% namun  sebagian besar responden memiliki sikap negatif sebanyak 54,8%. Diharapkan edukasi oleh pemerintah desa/kecamatan/kabupaten lebih maksimal dengan mengikutsertakan tokoh agama, dan tokoh masyarakat dari tingkat RT/RW/desa/kelurahan tentang upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19 di Sidoarjo.

 

Kata kunci: pencegahan penularan, Covid-19, Sidoarjo
Produk Olahan Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merill) Mengurangi Gejala pada Wanita Menopause
Authors: Handayani Sri , Pratiwi Yopi Suryatim , Fatmawati Nurul
Published: February 2022

Persentase wanita usia 30-49 tahun di Indonesia yang mengalami menopause sebesar 16,1%. Wanita menopause akan mengalami penurunan jumlah estrogen yang disebabkan atropi ovarium sehingga menyebabkan berbagai gejala. Pemanfaatan bahan-bahan alami sangat diperlukan sebagai salah satu alternatif pengganti TSH. Salah satu tanaman yang mengandung isoflavon yang tinggi adalah kedelai. Beberapa hasil penlitian menunjukkan produk olahan kedelai mampu mengurangi gejala pada wanita menopause, diantaranya mengurangi gejala hot flashes, gejala somatic, dan psikologikal. Hal ini disebabkan isoflavon pada kedelai mampu berikatan dengan reseptor estrogen.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP SIKAP DAN TINDAKAN PENCEGAHAN ULKUS DIABETIK PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Fatmawati Baiq Ruli , Suprayitna Marthilda , Prihatin Kurniati
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Penyebab masalah pada kaki diabetik adalah neuropati sensori yang mengakibatkan ulkus diabetik. Komplikasi kaki diabetik menyebabkan kematian dibeberapa Negara berkembang. Ulkus kaki diabetik tidak akan terjadi bila penderita diabetes mellitus mempunyai pengetahuan dan sikap dalam menjaga serta merawat kaki secara rutin. Perawatan kaki pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II terdiri dari deteksi kelainan kaki, latihan kaki dan praktik perawatan kaki. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap sikap dan tindakan pencegahan ulkus diabetik pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Metode. Rancangan penelitian quasy experiment pre test - post test with control group design, dengan sampel sebanyak 30 responden. Hasil: Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap sikap (p= 0,000 ) dan tindakan (p= 0,000 ) pencegahan ulkus kaki diabetik. Kesimpulan: Pendidikan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan perubahan sikap dan tindakan dalam pencegahan ulkus kaki diabetik pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II.

Kata Kunci: Pendidikan kesehatan, , sikap, tindakan pencegahan ulkus diabetik, diabetes mellitus
Hubungan Karakteristik Ibu Dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Menopause Di Desa Giri Sasak Kuripan Selatan Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Maryam Siti , Pratiwi Dita Retno
Published: February 2022

Pre menopause menjadi masalah bagi wanita yang dapat disebabkan karena kurangnya pengetahuan tentang menopause sehingga menyebabkan ibu merasa cemas menghadapi menopause. Tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik ibu dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang menopause di Desa Giri Sasak Kuripan Selatan Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain diskriptif analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi ibu usia 35-59 tahun di di Desa Giri Sasak Kuripan Selatan Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 69 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Tahun 2019. Analisis data menggunakan Kendall Tau. Karakteristik responden sebagian besar responden berumur rata-rata 35-45 tahun (69.6%), bekerja (62,3%), berpendidikan menengah SMA/SMK (58,0%), tingkat pengetahuan sedang (52,2%). Tabel hasil uji korelasi Kendall Tau umur dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang menopause diperoleh nilai CC sebesar 0.257(rendah) dengan nilai p value sebesar 0.026, pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang menopause diperoleh nilai CCÂ  sebesar 0.589 (sedang) dengan nilai p value sebesar 0.000 dan pekerjaan dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang menopause diperoleh nilai CC sebesar 0.493 (sedang) dengan nilai p value sebesar 0.000. Ada hubungan antara umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan ibu dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang menopause di Desa Giri Sasak Kuripan Selatan Kabupaten Lombok Barat.
Kepuasan Pasien Di Apotik Dahlia Berdasarkan Karakteristik Pasien Dengan Model SERVQUAL
Authors: Ningrum Dwi Monika , Bayani Faizul , Yuliana Depi , Mukhlishah Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul , Istri Widya Utamiswari Cokorda
Published: February 2022

Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek merupakan satu kesatuan yang tidak terpisahkan dari pelaksanaan upaya kesehatan, yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Tuntutan pasien dan masyarakat akan peningkatkan mutu Pelayanan Kefarmasian, mengharuskan adanya perluasan dari paradigma lama yang berorientasi kepada produk (drug oriented) menjadi paradigma baru yang berorientasi kepada pasien (patient oriented) dengan filosofi pelayanan kefarmasian (pharmaceutical care). Tujuan penelitian ini melihat Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Pelayanan Resep di Apotek Dahlia Kota Mataram. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah bagian dari keseluruhan populasi yang menebus resep di Apotek Dahlia dengan usia 19-65 tahun. Dimana penentuan besar sampel dengan tingkat kepercayaan 99% menggunakan rumus Slovin. Hasil yang diperoleh tingkat kepuasan pasien yang dilihat dari setiap dimensi diantaranya bukti langsung (tangible), kehandalan (reliability), daya Tanggap (responsiveness), jaminan (assurance), empati (empathy) menunjukan bahwa rata-rata pasien memberikan respon puas terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan. hal ini menunjukan bahwa pelayanan yang diberikan oleh petugas apotek sudah cukup baik. Penelitian menunjukan persentase terbesar pasien merasa puas dengan pelayanan yang diberikan apotek dahlia sebesar 67,96 % dan sangat puas dengan porsentase sebesar 23,94 %. Diketahui bahwa tingkat kepuasan yang diperoleh pelanggan sangat berkaitan erat dengan standar kualitas barang atau jasa yang mereka nikmati. Sifat kepuasan bersifat subjektif, namun dapat diukur melalui indeks kepuasan pelanggan dan masyarakat.
Hubungan Motivasi Diri Pasien TB-MDR terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat/Oat di Puskesmas Pelangan Sekotong Barat
Authors: Antoni Dedi , Amrullah Muhammad , Khairani Fuji , Hardiansah Yayan
Published: February 2022

Tuberkulosis adalah suatu penyakit infeksi menular yang disebabkan oleh basil atau bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis dengan gejala yang sangat bervariasi. Sebagian kuman TB menyerang paru (TB Paru) tetapi dapat juga menyerang berbagai organ dan jaringan tubuh lainnya. Saat ini penyakit TB masih menjadi masalah di dunia, salah satu masalah dari penyakit ini adalah mengenai program pengobatan. Kendala dalam pengobatan TB adalah kurangnya kepatuhan dan motivasi dari penderita TB untuk minum obat anti tuberkulosis sehingga menyebabkan TB-MDR. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan motivasi diri pasien TB-MDR terhadap kepatuhan minum obat/OAT pada penderita TB di Puskesmas Pelangan Sekotong Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua Pasien TB-MDR yang ada di wilayah kerja puskesmas sekotong yang berjumlah 22 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan non probability sampling yaitu purposive sampling dengan 16 sampel yang didapatkan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan esklusi yang telah ditentukan oleh peneliti. Hasil Analisa uji statistik dengan menggunakan chisqure didapatkan bahwa nilai p= 0,000 dan Î± < 0,05 sehingga H1 diterima yang artinya ada hubungan antara motivasi terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat/OAT pada Pasien TB-MD.
Astrophysical Distance Scale. IV. Preliminary Zero-point Calibration of the JAGB Method in the HST/WFC3-IR Broad J-band (F110W) Filter
Authors: Madore Barry F. , Freedman Wendy L. , Lee Abigail J.
Published: February 2022

We present an absolute calibration of the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch (JAGB) method using published photometry of resolved stars in 20 nearby galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope using the WFC3-IR camera and the F110W (broad J-band) filter. True distance moduli for each of the galaxies are based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) method as uniformly determined by Dalcanton et al. From a composite color–magnitude diagram composed of over 6 million stars, leading to a sample of 453 JAGB stars in these galaxies, we find

M

F
110
W

JAGB

=
−
5.77
±
0.02

mag (statistical error on the mean). The external scatter seen in a comparison of the individual TRGB and the JAGB moduli is ±0.081 mag (or 4% in distance). Some of this scatter can be attributed to small number statistics arising from the sparse JAGB populations found in the generally low-luminosity galaxies that comprise the particular sample studied here. However, if this intermethod scatter is shared equitably between the JAGB and TRGB methods, that implies that each is good to ±0.06 mag, or better than 3% in distance.
Detection of HC18O+ in a Protoplanetary Disk: Exploring Oxygen Isotope Fractionation of CO
Authors: Furuya Kenji , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Qi Chunhua , Nomura Hideko , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Lee Seokho , Yoshida Tomohiro C.
Published: February 2022

The oxygen isotope fractionation scenario, which has been developed to explain the oxygen isotope anomaly in solar system materials, predicts that CO gas is depleted in 18O in protoplanetary disks, where segregation between solids and gas inside disks has already occurred. Based on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations, we report the first detection of HC18O+(4–3) in a Class II protoplanetary disk (TW Hya). This detection allows us to explore the oxygen isotope fractionation of CO in the disk from optically thin HCO+ isotopologues as a proxy of optically thicker CO isotopologues. Using the H13CO+(4–3) data previously obtained with the SMA, we find that the H13CO+/HC18O+ ratio in the central ≲100 au regions of the disk is 10.3 ± 3.2. We construct a chemical model of the TW Hya disk with carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation chemistry, and estimate the conversion factor from H13CO+/HC18O+ to 13CO/C18O. With the conversion factor (=0.8), the 13CO/C18O ratio is estimated to be 8.3 ± 2.6, which is consistent with the elemental abundance ratio in the local interstellar medium (8.1 ± 0.8) within the error margin. Therefore, there is no clear evidence of 18O depletion in CO gas in the central ≲100 au regions of the disk, although we could not draw a robust conclusion due to uncertainties. In conclusion, optically thin lines of HCO+ isotopologues are useful tracers of CO isotopic ratios, which are not very constrained directly from optically thick lines of CO isotopologues. Future higher sensitivity observations of H13CO+ and HC18O+ would allow us to better constrain the oxygen fractionation in the disk.
Coronal Cavities in CoMP Observations
Authors: Rumińska Agnieszka , Ba̧k-Stȩślicka Urszula , Gibson Sarah E. , Fan Yuhong
Published: February 2022

Quiescent coronal cavities can provide insight into solar magnetic fields. They are observed in the coronal emission lines in both polarized and unpolarized light. In the total linear polarization fraction (L/I), they often possess a “lagomorphic,” or “rabbit-shaped,” structure that reflects the underlying magnetic field configuration. We studied quiescent coronal cavities observed between 2012 and 2018 by the Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter (CoMP). The majority of cavities in our study had a characteristic lagomorphic structure in linear polarization. We additionally compared cavity widths as observed in intensity with sizes of their linear polarization signatures for 70 cavities and found that both features are strongly correlated. Our results indicate that chances for observing a lagomorphic structure increase greatly with cavity lifetime, suggesting that the visibility depends on the spatial orientation of the cavity. Forward-modeled observations in linear polarization of flux ropes confirmed this assumption. We conclude that observations of the solar coronal cavities in linear polarization are consistent with the theoretical model of flux rope formation and structure.
The Rapid X-Ray and UV Evolution of ASASSN-14ko
Authors: Payne Anna V. , Shappee Benjamin J. , Hinkle Jason T. , Holoien Thomas W.-S. , Auchettl Katie , Kochanek Christopher S. , Stanek K. Z. , Thompson Todd A. , Tucker Michael A. , Armstrong James D. , Boyd Patricia T. , Brimacombe Joseph , Cornect Robert , Huber Mark E. , Jha Saurabh W. , Lin Chien-Cheng
Published: February 2022

ASASSN-14ko is a recently discovered periodically flaring transient at the center of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) ESO 253−G003 with a slowly decreasing period. Here, we show that the flares originate from the northern, brighter nucleus in this dual-AGN, post-merger system. The light curves for the two flares that occurred in 2020 May and September are nearly identical over all wavelengths. For both events, Swift observations showed that the UV and optical wavelengths brightened in unison. The effective temperature of the UV/optical emission rises and falls with the increase and subsequent decline in the luminosity. The X-ray flux, by contrast, first rapidly drops over ∼2.6 days, rises for ∼5.8 days, drops again over ∼4.3 days, and then recovers. The X-ray spectral evolution of the two flares differ, however. During the 2020 May peak the spectrum softened with increases in the X-ray luminosity, while we observed the reverse for the 2020 September peak. We found a small change in the period derivative, which seems to indicate that the system does not have a static period derivative and there is some stochasticity in its evolution.
Deuterium Fractionation as a Multiphase Component Tracer in the Galactic Center
Authors: Colzi Laura , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Rivilla Víctor M. , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Zeng Shaoshan , Rodríguez-Almeida Lucas F. , Rico-Villas Fernando , Martín Sergio , Requena-Torres Miguel A.
Published: February 2022

The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) contains most of the mass of our Galaxy but its star formation rate is one order of magnitude lower than in the Galactic disk. This is likely related to the fact that the bulk of the gas in the CMZ is in a warm (>100 K) and turbulent phase with little material in the prestellar phase. We present in this Letter observations of deuterium fractionation (D/H ratios) of HCN, HNC, HCO+, and N2H+ toward the CMZ molecular cloud G+0.693–0.027. These observations clearly show, for the first time, the presence of a colder, denser, and less turbulent narrow component, with a line width of ∼9 km s−1, in addition to the warm, less dense, and turbulent broad component with a line width of ∼20 km s−1. The very low D/H ratio ≤6 × 10−5 for HCO+ and N2H+, close to the cosmic value (∼2.5 × 10−5), and the high D/H ratios, >4 × 10−4 for HCN and HNC, derived for the broad component confirm the presence of high-temperature deuteration routes for nitriles. For the narrow component we have derived D/H ratios >10−4 and excitation temperatures of 7 K for all molecules, suggesting kinetic temperatures ≤30 K and H2 densities ≥5 × 104 cm−3, at least one order of magnitude larger than that for the broad component. The method presented in this Letter allows us to identify clouds on the verge of star formation, i.e., under prestellar conditions, toward the CMZ. This method can also be used for the identification of such clouds in external galaxies.
COVID-19 epidemic and Chinese medical students: perception, emotions, attitudes, and conformity during domicile quarantine
Authors: Zhang Dangui , Ba-Thein William
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Students from Shantou University Medical College were subject to domicile quarantine during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methodology: We investigated their experience during March-April 2020 using a cross-sectional, self-administered, anonymous online survey.

Results: Out of 531 respondents, 75.7% became aware of the outbreak via the Internet (61.7%), WeChat (57.8%), and Weibo (49%). Nearly all students knew COVID-19 manifestations, incubation period, and transmission modes; about half considered wearing facemask and hand hygiene as effective epidemic interventions. They experienced various emotional reactions that changed significantly in response to the outbreak, lockdown, and quarantine (ps < 0.001), with depression in 23.3%. Most students (83.4%-99.4%) had positive attitudes and good compliance towards domicile quarantine and preventive measures. Females were significantly better than males in hand hygiene compliance (p = 0.04). More students with positive attitudes and good compliance than those without educated their families (ps < 0.05 – ps < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed negative relationships between anger and hand hygiene attitude (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01-0.87); confusion and quarantine compliance (0.30, 0.12-0.76); and anger and compliance with quarantine (0.32, 0.11-0.93), facemask (0.12, 0.03-0.50), and hand hygiene (0.27, 0.08-0.88).

Conclusions: This study revealed how multichannel risk communication, early awareness, positive attitudes, and conformity of medical college students might have contributed to the favorable outcome from the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Clear, accurate, consistent, early risk communication by the local, national, and international public health authorities seems critical to promote public understanding, correct risk perception, and rational emotions and attitudes, leading to optimal conformity.
Prognostic value of five serum markers predicting in–hospital mortality among adults with community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Hashmat Naheed , Rahat Tayyaba , Burki Ayousha
Published: February 2022

Introduction: To evaluate the prognostic value of serum markers predicting in–hospital mortality among community acquired pneumonia patients

Methodology: Total 134 patients admitted in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore Pakistan during 2014–16 included. Serum markers recorded upon admission included blood urea nitrogen, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio. Patients were observed for the incidence of mortality during hospitalization. Comparison between survivors and non–survivors for means by t test; odds ratios by contingency tables; and effectiveness of predictors by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were assessed.

Results: Overall mean age was 50 ± 21 years; males 45.5%; and in–hospital mortality 9.7%. For in–hospital mortality, creatinine ≥ 2.8 mg/dL showed the highest odds (OR = 7.656, 95% CI = 2.281–25.692; p = 0.001); followed by CURB-65 score ≥ 4 (OR = 4.958, 95% CI = 0.418–58.784; p = 0.266); and blood urea nitrogen ≥ 24.7 mg/dL (OR = 3.364, 95% CI = 1.033–10.954; p = 0.062). Serum creatinine was a fair predictor of in–hospital mortality (AUC = 0.721) showed 53.0% sensitivity and 87.0% specificity at cut–off 2.8 mg/dL. Blood urea nitrogen (AUC = 0.691) and blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio (AUC = 0.675) were poor predictors; whereas albumin (AUC = 0.424) and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (AUC = 0.403) failed to predict in–hospital mortality.

Conclusions: Among five serum markers, raised serum creatinine was a better predictor of in–hospital mortality in adults with community acquired pneumonia.
Clinical and laboratory features of patients with Candida auris cultures, compared to other Candida, at a South African Hospital
Authors: Parak Amirah , Stacey Sarah Lynn , Chibabhai Vindana
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Multidrug resistant Candida auris is an emerging threat worldwide. It has been identified in Africa, however, there is minimal data available comparing C. auris to other Candida species in Africa.

Methodology: Retrospective, case control study at a tertiary South African Hospital. Clinical and laboratory features of patients with positive C. auris clinical cultures from 1 January 2015 to 31 August 2018 were compared to patients who cultured C. albicans and C. glabrata.

Results: Forty-five clinical cases with C. auris cultures were identified. The median age was 32 years (IQR = 26-46). The median duration of hospital stay was 64 days (IQR = 39-88) and median time from admission to diagnosis 35 days (IQR = 21-53). Indwelling devices and previous antibiotic exposure were found to be significant risk factors. All C. auris isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and micafungin. Patients treated with amphotericin B alone, had a higher mortality (73.33%, n = 11/15) than patients treated with an echinocandin (54.55%, n = 6/11), however this was not statistically significant. All C. auris isolates were healthcare associated with 80% (n = 36/45) acquired in ICU. The 30-day all-cause in-patient mortality was 42% (n = 19/45) for C. auris, 36% (n = 16/45) for C. albicans and 53% (n = 24/45) for C. glabrata.

Conclusions: C. auris is an emerging multi drug resistant threat in South Africa. Improved access to echinocandins and improvement of infection prevention and control strategies are imperative to prevent further morbidity and mortality due to this pathogen.
Initial Clinical Characteristics of 146 Patients with COVID-19 Reported in Guizhou Province, China: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Gou Yun , Ping Kaike , Lei Mingyu , Yu Chun , Tao Ying , Hu Can , Tao Zhongfa , Zou Zhiting , Jiang Weijia , Li Shijun , Zhuang Li , Liu Zhaobin , Huang Yan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an outbreak around the world. Early detection of severe illness is crucial for patients’ survival. We analysed initial clinical characteristics of 146 patients with COVID-19 reported in Guizhou province, China to explore risk factors for transforming mild illness to severe.

Methodology: Data of 146 laboratory-confirmed cases were collected and evaluated by the survival analysis of univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.

Results: On initial presentation, patients had fever (51.05%), dry cough (45.45%), headache (16.08%), shortness of breath (7.75%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (13.99%). Among 146 laboratory-confirmed cases, 30 patients (20.55%) had severe illness and needed Intensive Care Unit care for supportive treatment. The remaining patients (116, 79.45%) were non-severe cases. Nineteen (19/146, 13.01%) of 30 patients in the Intensive Care Unit had comorbidities, including hypertension (12, 40.00%), diabetes (5, 16.67%), cardiovascular disease (5, 16.67%) and pulmonary disease (4, 13.33%). For survival analysis, patients who had fever (HR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.31, 8.29) and comorbidities (HR = 9.76, 95% CI = 4.28, 22.23) at baseline were more likely to be admitted into the Intensive Care Unit. Few variables were not related to the survival time of discharge from baseline to discharge and from Intensive Care Unit care to discharge.

Conclusions: Severe patients with COVID-19 should be paid more attention. On initial symptoms, many patients did not have fever, but those with fever were more likely to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Comorbidities were likewise a risk factor of severe COVID-19.
NTCP polymorphisms were associated with fibrosis development in patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Su Zhenzhen , Cai Bei , Wu Xiaojuan , Li Lixin , Wei Bin , Meng Liye , Wang Lu , Wang Lanlan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide has been identified as the hepatitis B virus (HBV) entry receptor. However, information regarding the role of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide variants in the development of HBV-related advanced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is limited.

Methodology: Overall, 581 patients with chronic HBV infection were divided into the liver fibrosis or cirrhosis group based on the Fibrosis-4 index. Further, 183 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were distributed into early/intermediate and advanced/end stage groups based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging approach. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by high resolution melting curve method. Serum biomarkers of liver function were detected, and hepatocellular carcinoma properties were collected as well.

Results: Subjects with GA+AA genotypes at the rs4646287 polymorphism site were associated with a significantly higher rate of fibrosis development (rs4646287 GA+AA genotypes were 13.7% and 20.0% in the non-fibrosis and fibrosis group, respectively; p = 0.038). There were no significant differences between sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma progression. The GA+AA genotype carriers of rs7154439 had relatively high albumin levels (p = 0.035). The rs2296651 GA genotype carriers tended to have solitary tumor nodule and without metastasis (p = 0.004 and 0.015, respectively).

Conclusions: Rs4646287 was associated with HBV-related fibrosis development. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide polymorphisms were correlated with serum albumin level as well as hepatocellular carcinoma multifocality and metastasis. Therefore, integrating sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide polymorphisms to a risk stratification algorithm may help clinicians manage the chronic HBV infection patients better.
The role of saliva PCR assay in the diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Abdollahi Alireza , Salarvand Samaneh , Ghalehtaki Reza , Jafarzadeh Bita , Beigmohammadi Mohammad Taghi , Ghiasvand Fereshteh , Shakoori Abbas , Khoshnevis Hoda , Arabzadeh Mohammad , Nateghi Saeed , Mehrtash Vahid
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The introduction of a self-collection sampling method with less discomfort would be of great benefit in reducing the risk of medical provider's contamination and patient's acceptance. The aim of the present study was to investigate saliva samples' diagnostic performance for the COVID-19 RT-PCR test compared to pharyngeal swabs.

Methodology: From individuals referred to a medical center with presentations compatible with COVID-19 who were eligible for molecular diagnostic tests, 80 cases were selected. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs (placed into the same transport tube) along with self-collected saliva sample were taken from each participant for COVID-19 RT-PCR assay. The results of pharyngeal swabs and saliva sample were compared.

Results: Sixty-two (78%) infected cases were detected, of whom 31 (39%) cases tested positive for both pharyngeal swab and saliva samples. 24 (30%) and 7 (9%) cases tested positive only for pharyngeal or saliva samples, respectively. The overall percentage of agreement between pharyngeal swab and saliva sample was 61%, with a kappa value of 0.24 (p-value = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.04-0.44), showing a fair level of agreement. The diagnostic sensitivity of pharyngeal swabs was 88.71% (95% CI: 78.11-95.34), and the diagnostic sensitivity of saliva samples was 61.29% (95% CI: 48.07-73.40). Compared to pharyngeal swabs (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs in the same collection tube), an important observation was that seven more positive cases were detected among saliva samples.

Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that self-collected saliva samples cannot replace pharyngeal swabs. Still, saliva samples significantly increased the case detection rate and can be used along with pharyngeal swabs.
The look and the touch of evil. Notes on technologies of violence in Godless
Authors: Barone João Guilherme
Published: February 2022

Cet article examine l’imaginaire de la violence dans la minisérie Godless  en révélant les façons dont la tradition des films western classiques est revisitée en relation aux phénomènes contemporains de violence à travers les signes et les traces du mal, cachés dans la structure narrative et esthétique et exprimés à travers le comportement des personnages.
Optimization and coordination in a service-constrained supply chain with the bidirectional option contract under conditional value-at-risk
Authors: Zhao Han , Sun Bangdong , Wang Hui , Song Shiji , Zhang Yuli , Wang Liejun
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the optimal operational decisions for the risk-neutral supplier and the risk-averse retailer in the supply chain with a service requirement under the conditional value-at-risk. Specifically, the optimal order and production policies with and without the bidirectional option contract are derived. Further, this paper shows that the optimal conditional value-at-risk of the retailer is non-increasing in the service requirement, while the optimal expected profit of the supplier is non-decreasing in the service requirement. When the service requirement is binding, the optimal conditional value-at-risk of the retailer is increasing in the risk aversion, while the optimal expected profit of the supplier is decreasing in the risk aversion. In addition, it is shown that with the bidirectional option contract, the service level provided by the retailer is equivalent to (higher than) that without them when the service requirement is (not) binding. Finally, this paper demonstrates that the bidirectional option contract can mitigate the effect of risk aversion on the retailer's order quantity, benefit both the retailer and supplier, and improve the performance of the supply chain. Numerical experiments are conducted to further confirm our results.
Distributional Effects of Reduction in Energy Subsidy
Authors: Gelan Ayele Ulfata , AlAwadhi Ahmad Shareef
Published: February 2022

This study examined the distributional effects of energy subsidy reduction in Kuwait. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was calibrated on a Kuwaiti social accounting matrix (SAM). A simulation experiment was conducted by applying a 25% energy subsidy reduction. The SAM consisted of 10 household groups, categorized into nationals and expatriates, and subsequently classified into five income levels. The employed labor force was classified into two groups (nationals and expatriates), each disaggregated by four skill levels. Industries were disaggregated into 65 branches. The CGE model was specified in such a way that it would be possible to quantify welfare effects on each household group and then trace the changes to distributional effects, factor income, and employment by industrial origins. When accompanied by compensation, the energy subsidy led to an aggregate efficiency (increase in GDP) and welfare gains. The welfare gains among Kuwaiti nationals were progressive; the lower-income groups gained more than higher-income groups.
Carbon Financing and the Sustainable Development Mechanism
Authors: Yu Poshan , Weng Yuewen , Ahuja Aashrika
Published: February 2022

China has been one of the largest global emitters of carbon dioxide (CO2). As a result, the country is committing itself to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The attention that is being paid to the serious problem of climate change has increased manifold. Corresponding policies are introduced in relation to the financing of carbon. In particular, in the wake of the announcement that China would be going carbon neutral before 2060, concrete efforts are being consistently made towards carbon emission reduction. Policies and measures related to carbon finance are being continuously promulgated, and a national carbon emission trading market too has been established on July 16, 2021. This chapter gives a brief overview of the carbon market, carbon finance, and its policies in the context of sustainable development. It also examines the approach towards the future development of the carbon finance market by discussing in detail the existing deficiencies and areas of improvement.
Psychological Factors During the Foreign Policy Decision-Making Process
Authors: Beruashvili Natalia
Published: February 2022

The problem of foreign policy decision-making has attracted attention since the 1950s. The study of this problem begins within the modernist direction. This is the direction that sought to apply the theoretical and methodological approaches of the natural and social sciences to the analysis of international relations. Political psychology has a special place in the given sciences. Since politics, including foreign policy, is the work of human beings, it is very important to analyze the motives by which they are guided.
Social Behaviour and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Chauca García Jorge
Published: February 2022

Social behavior is central to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). This chapter studies the global internet network as a repository of data that companies and governments use as a valuable commercial and geopolitical tool. But in the face of this optimistic vision of global information management, society must ensure freedom and privacy in the community. The denunciation of abuses and the need to set ethical and political limits to the use of AI in relation to social behavior and its contexts is today a priority task, nor do we want to fall into a dystopian society. The border between freedom and AI is marked by ethics.
Ukrainian Social Realities and Emotivities in the Political Speeches of Yuliia Tymoshenko
Authors: Debasa Felipe , Andriichenko Yuliia , Popova Nataliia
Published: February 2022

Ukraine is a European state situated in the middle of the spheres of power and influence of the European Union and Russia. After the fall of the Soviet Union communist regime, Ukraine maintained a significant number of Russian citizens who now promote the country in international politics. In front of them, a larger number of Ukraine citizens show their preferences to join to the European Union. Thus, the country is being polarized due to some political forces exploit these contradictions for authorities' defamation and to their own benefits. This chapter presents an analysis of a wide selection of Yuliia Tymoshenko's speeches using computer tools that allow the analysis of a large volume of data.
How to Use Artificial Intelligence in Education?
Authors: Saura José Ramón
Published: February 2022

This exploratory and pedagogical chapter has proposed new ways of using artificial intelligence in education. The uses of artificial intelligence have been linked to the education sector in order to improve the active listening actions and decision-making of governments. The results identify and discuss seven educational uses of artificial intelligence. From the government's point of view, three uses of artificial intelligence to improve the educational sector have been identified. By using the present study insights and the prospects for governments initiatives proposed, the authors have covered a scope of the uses of artificial intelligence and outlined the role that governments should maintain for efficient development and optimization strategy in education.
Implementation of Innovative Accounting Technologies in Crisis Management
Authors: Nguyen Doan Thi Thuc
Published: February 2022

Demand for the implementation of innovative technologies in accounting continues to grow in lockstep with the advancement of technology innovation. The objectives of this chapter are to familiarise readers with current and potential innovative accounting technologies for obtaining high-quality data and to identify success factors for enterprises implementing these technologies. This chapter expects to provide businesses with practical approaches and recommendations for successfully implementing innovative accounting technologies through a thorough presentation and critical evaluation of the aforementioned key topics. In terms of business success, an effective application can help businesses gain a competitive edge by providing more relevant and reliable accounting and management information necessary to navigate today's difficult economic conditions and volatile business environment.
A Multidimensional Experience Perspective of Remote Online Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Edghiem Farag , Apostolova Elzhana , Alkhalifah Eman S.
Published: February 2022

The UK's higher education sector continues to be one of the most dynamic in the world, attracting 2,697,380 students by March 2021. The population of UK higher education students as a whole is extremely diverse and reflects a globalised version of contemporary higher education. Globalization, high-quality education, and increased competition for HE degrees have re-energized student migration, resulting in the formation of cross-cultural student environments at educational institutions worldwide. In essence, this culturally diverse higher education sector in the United Kingdom was expected to experience a range of effects from the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on students with asymmetric cultural backgrounds. This chapter provides a multidimensional experience of remote online education during the COVID-19 crisis.
COVID-19 Impact on National Tourism
Authors: Drăcea Lăcrămioara Alina , Mărăcine Daniela , Girip Maria , Oprea Iulia Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Since the worldwide lockdown, travel and related business were the most affected by a health crisis, and most government measures were to limit non-essential travel, which translated as a total shut down for most of the accommodations or reduction in the volume of tourists. This paper analyzes the effects of pandemics on domestic travel, the measures taken, and their influence on tourism recovery. The research method is a quantitative analysis of the National Institute of Statistics data, aiming to determine the link between the number of tourists checked in and the positive numbers of the novel coronavirus using the Pearson correlation method. The study results indicated that the relationship between the analyzed variables is positive, and the consequences of the pandemic in Romania are devastating to destination tourism. The significant increase in confirmed case frequencies has caused an average decrease of over 50% in tourist arrivals in the accommodation structures in 2020, that is 6 million people, too many for the Romanian economy.
Analisi comparata delle leggi e degli orientamenti normativi in materia di fecondazione artificiale
Authors: Di Pietro Maria Luisa
Published: February 2022

Il sempre più frequente ricorso, negli ultimi dieci anni, alle tecniche di fecondazione artificiale umana ha indotto l'autorità legislativa di diversi Stati a prendere iniziative di regolamentazione allo scopo di evitare abusi di vario tipo in questo settore: mentre in alcuni Paesi sono già vigenti normative in materia, in altri il dibattito parlamentare sui progetti di legge è stato avviato da poco. In questo articolo viene fatta un'analisi comparata di queste normative, analisi che si avvale di due momenti: un'analisi longitudinale, che prende in esame la situazione normativa del singolo Stato e, nel contempo, ricostruisce l'iter storico che ha portato all'approvazione di una legge o che ha causato l'interruzione o il non avvio del dibattito parlamentare; un'analisi trasversale, che consente, invece, di mettere a confronto le opzioni del singolo Stato a fronte di una particolare istanza sollevata dal ricorso alle tecniche di fecondazione artificiale.
La fecondità nella sterilità
Authors: Cesari Giuseppe
Published: February 2022

Fecondità e fertilità non sono sinonimi: la prima appartiene ad una dimensione propria ed esclusiva della "natura umana"; la seconda riguarda la sola dimensione biologica della fecondità. Partendo da questa affermazione l'Autore sottolinea come la natura umana, che non si esaurisce nelle dimensioni organica e psichica, trovi una sua completa realizzazione nella dimensione noetica o del logos. L'uomo, infatti, è l'unico essere vivente che si interroga sul senso e sul fine delle sue azioni. E' in questa terza dimensione che si trovano le chiavi di lettura dei comportamenti e dei desideri umani, come ad esempio il desiderio di un figlio. Ma avere un figlio non dipende necessariamente dal farlo: essere madre e padre è, prima e più che un fatto biologico (somatopsichico), una realtà noetica.
The Story of Levodopa
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kalyan B.
Published: February 2022

Levodopa (L-dopa) is the gold standard in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD). It dates back to 1500 to 1000 BC when it was used in the Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese system of medicine. Certain beans such as velvet beans and broad beans contain L-dopa. The plant Mucuna pruriens (Mp) or velvet bean, cultivated in Eastern India and Southern China, contains L-dopa at a concentration of 5% and was used for the management of PD. Later, workers have documented the neuroprotective, neurorestorative, and immunomodulatory properties of Mp. Double-blind studies conducted in the Western world have proved the efficacy of Mp and reported some toxic side effects as well. In the Western world, the credit for isolating L-dopa from the seeds of Vicia faba or broad bean goes to Markus Guggenheim, a biochemist from Sweden in 1913. However, it has been used with success ever since Arvid Carlsson established the reversibility of reserpine-induced akinesia in rabbits in the late 1950s with the use of intravenous dopamine, and Oleh Hornykiewicz demonstrated its deficiency in the striatum in 1960–1961. George Cotzias used it in patients in a low and slow incremental fashion in 1967, and Melvin Yahr and his colleagues performed double-blind study on in-patients with success in 1969. Complications with its long-term use, particularly the on-off phenomenon, and dyskinesias appeared soon, and measures have been undertaken to reduce their incidence. Researches on alternative modes of delivery are carried out in various centers, and others are under investigation in the laboratories.