bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early effects of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm secreted products on inflammatory responses of human epithelial keratinocytes
Authors: Tankersley Amy , Frank Mark Barton , Bebak Melissa , Brennan Robert
Published: June 2014

Background

Chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and venous leg ulcers contribute to a considerable amount of mortality in the U.S. annually. The inability of these wounds to heal has now been associated with the presence of microbial biofilms. The aim of this study was to determine if products secreted byS. aureusbiofilms play an active role in chronic wounds by promoting inflammation, which is a hallmark of chronic wounds.

Methods

In vitroexperiments were conducted to examine changes in gene expression profiles and inflammatory response of human epithelial keratinocytes (HEKa) exposed to products secreted byS. aureusgrown in biofilms or products secreted byS. aureusgrown planktonically.

Results

After only two hours of exposure, gene expression microarray data showed marked differences in inflammatory, apoptotic, and nitric oxide responses between HEKa cells exposed toS. aureusbiofilm conditioned media (BCM) and HEKa cells exposed toS. aureusplanktonic conditioned media (PCM). As early as 4 hours post exposure, ELISA results showed significant increases in IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and CXCL2 production by HEKa cells exposed to BCM compared to HEKa cells exposed to PCM or controls. Nitric oxide assay data also showed significant increases in nitric oxide production by HEKa cells treated with BCM compared to HEKa cells treated with PCM, or controls.

Conclusions

Taken together, these results support and extend previous findings that indicate products secreted byS. aureusbiofilms directly contribute to the chronic inflammation associated with chronic wounds.
On the tripled fixed point and tripled coincidence point theorems in fuzzy normed spaces
Authors: Saadati Reza , Kumam Poom , Jang Sun Young
Published: June 2014

Recently, Abbas et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2012:187, 2012) proved tripled fixed point and tripled coincidence point theorems in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces. Saadati and Park proved that the topology

τ

(
μ
,
ν
)

generated by an intuitionistic fuzzy normed space

(
X
,
μ
,
ν
,
∗
,
⋄
)

coincides with the topology

τ
μ

generated by the generalized fuzzy normed space

(
X
,
μ
,
∗
)

, and thus the results obtained in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces are immediate consequences of the corresponding results for fuzzy normed spaces. In this paper, we improve and extend the results presented by Abbas et al. to ℒ-fuzzy normed spaces.

MSC: 47H09, 47H10, 54H25.
Postsynaptic Potentiation of Corticospinal Projecting Neurons in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex after Nerve Injury
Authors: Chen Tao , Koga Kohei , Descalzi Giannina , Qiu Shuang , Wang Jian , Zhang Le-Shi , Zhang Zhi-Jian , He Xiao-Bin , Qin Xin , Xu Fu-Qiang , Hu Ji , Wei Feng , Huganir Richard L , Li Yun-Qing , Zhuo Min
Published: June 2014

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the key cellular mechanism for physiological learning and pathological chronic pain. In the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), postsynaptic recruitment or modification of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) GluA1 contribute to the expression of LTP. Here we report that pyramidal cells in the deep layers of the ACC send direct descending projecting terminals to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (lamina I-III). After peripheral nerve injury, these projection cells are activated, and postsynaptic excitatory responses of these descending projecting neurons were significantly enhanced. Newly recruited AMPARs contribute to the potentiated synaptic transmission of cingulate neurons. PKA-dependent phosphorylation of GluA1 is important, since enhanced synaptic transmission was abolished in GluA1 phosphorylation site serine-845 mutant mice. Our findings provide strong evidence that peripheral nerve injury induce long-term enhancement of cortical-spinal projecting cells in the ACC. Direct top-down projection system provides rapid and profound modulation of spinal sensory transmission, including painful information. Inhibiting cortical top-down descending facilitation may serve as a novel target for treating neuropathic pain.
Organization and evolution of a novel cervid satellite DNA with yeast CDEI-like repeats
Authors: Hsieh Lei-Jiau , Cheng Ya-Ming , Wang Yi-Chun , Lin Chyi-Chyang , Li Yueh-Chun
Published: June 2014

Background

It has been proposed that pericentromeric satellite DNA arises from the progressive proximal expansion of ancient centromeric DNA. In an attempt to recover putative ancestral centromeric DNA, we microdissected the pericentromeric/centromeric DNA from the chromosome X + 3 of Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis) and constructed a microclone-library of the X + 3 centromeric DNA.

Results

A new cervid satellite DNA element, designated as satellite VI, was isolated from this library. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies revealed that satellite VI is predominately located on the distal pericentromeric region of the Indian muntjac chromosome X + 3 and on the pericentromeres of several Old World deer species studied. Its sequence is organized as 11-bp monomeric (ATCACGTGGGA) tandem repeats. Further sequencing on a BAC clone of Indian muntjac harboring this repeat showed that an array of this repeat stretches over approximately 5 kb followed by approximately 3 kb of interspersed repetitive sequences, such as long interspersed elements (LINEs), short interspersed elements (SINEs), and long terminal repeats (LTRs).

Conclusions

Based on the chromosomal localization, genomic and sequence organization, and copy numbers of satellite VI in deer species studied, we postulate that this newly found satellite DNA could be a putative ancient cervidic centromeric DNA that is still preserved in some Old World deer. Interestingly, the first eight nucleotides of the 11-bp monomeric consensus sequences are highly conserved and identical to the CDEI element in the centromere of the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The centromeric/pericentromeric satellite DNA harboring abundant copies of CDEI sequences is the first found in a mammalian species. Several zipper-like d (GGGA)2motifs were also found in the (ATCACGTGGGA)nrepeat of satellite VI DNA. Whether the satellite VI is structurally and functionally correlated with the CDEI of centromere of budding yeast and whether a zipper-like structure forms in satellite VI require further studies.
Student Zone
Authors: Yoder Johnna
Published: June 2014

More than 143 attendees, including 107 students and faculty members from 11 universities, participated in the Second SEG Middle East Geoscience Student Symposium on 26–29 April at Sultan Qaboos University in Muscat, Oman. The conference brought together professionals, academics, and students from across the world to learn from the local SEG Student Chapters as they presented some of their most intriguing research.
Randomized, Phase III Trial of First-Line Figitumumab in Combination With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Versus Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Alone in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Langer Corey J. , Novello Silvia , Park Keunchil , Krzakowski Maciej , Karp Daniel D. , Mok Tony , Benner Rebecca J. , Scranton Judith R. , Olszanski Anthony J. , Jassem Jacek
Published: June 2014

Purpose

Figitumumab (CP-751,871), a fully human immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibody, inhibits the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Our multicenter, randomized, phase III study compared figitumumab plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods

Patients with stage IIIB/IV or recurrent NSCLC disease with nonadenocarcinoma histology received open-label figitumumab (20 mg/kg) plus paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the concentration-time curve, 6 mg · min/mL) or paclitaxel and carboplatin alone once every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. The primary end point was overall survival (OS).

Results

Of 681 randomly assigned patients, 671 received treatment. The study was closed early by an independent Data Safety Monitoring Committee because of futility and an increased incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) and treatment-related deaths with figitumumab. Median OS was 8.6 months for figitumumab plus chemotherapy and 9.8 months for chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.40; P = .06); median progression-free survival was 4.7 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 5.4) and 4.6 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 5.4), respectively (HR, 1.10; P = .27); the objective response rates were 33% and 35%, respectively. The respective rates of all-causality SAEs were 66% and 51%; P < .01). Treatment-related grade 5 adverse events were also more common with figitumumab (5% v 1%; P < .01).

Conclusion

Adding figitumumab to standard chemotherapy failed to increase OS in patients with advanced nonadenocarcinoma NSCLC. Further clinical development of figitumumab is not being pursued.
Underuse of Trimodality Treatment Affects Survival for Patients With Inflammatory Breast Cancer: An Analysis of Treatment and Survival Trends From the National Cancer Database
Authors: Rueth Natasha M. , Lin Heather Y. , Bedrosian Isabelle , Shaitelman Simona F. , Ueno Naoto T. , Shen Yu , Babiera Gildy
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To analyze factors that predict the use of trimodality treatment (chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy [RT]) and evaluate the impact that trimodality treatment use has on survival for patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC).

Methods

Using the National Cancer Data Base, patients who underwent surgical treatment of nonmetastatic IBC from 1998 to 2010 were identified. We collected demographic, tumor, and treatment data and analyzed treatment and survival trends over time. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine factors predicting treatment and survival.

Results

We identified 10,197 patients who fulfilled study criteria. The use of trimodality therapy fluctuated annually (58.4% to 73.4%). Patients who were older, diagnosed earlier in the study period, lived in regions of the country outside of the Midwest, had lower incomes or public insurance, and had a higher comorbid score were significantly less likely to receive trimodality therapy (all P < .05). Five- and 10-year survival rates were highest among patients receiving trimodality treatment (55.4% and 37.3%, respectively) compared with patients who received the combination of surgery plus chemotherapy, surgery plus RT, or surgery alone. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, use of trimodality therapy remained a significant independent predictor of survival.

Conclusion

Underutilization of trimodality therapy negatively impacted survival for patients with IBC. The use of trimodality therapy increased marginally with time, but there remain significant factors associated with differences in use of trimodality treatment. We have identified specific barriers to care that may be targeted to improve treatment delivery and potentially improve patient outcomes.
Defective Regulation of the Ubiquitin/Proteasome System in the Hypothalamus of Obese Male Mice
Authors: Ignacio-Souza Leticia M. , Bombassaro Bruna , Pascoal Livia B. , Portovedo Mariana A. , Razolli Daniela S. , Coope Andressa , Victorio Sheila C. , de Moura Rodrigo F. , Nascimento Lucas F. , Arruda Ana P. , Anhe Gabriel F. , Milanski Marciane , Velloso Licio A.
Published: June 2014

In both human and experimental obesity, inflammatory damage to the hypothalamus plays an important role in the loss of the coordinated control of food intake and energy expenditure. Upon prolonged maintenance of increased body mass, the brain changes the defended set point of adiposity, and returning to normal weight becomes extremely difficult. Here we show that in prolonged but not in short-term obesity, the ubiquitin/proteasome system in the hypothalamus fails to maintain an adequate rate of protein recycling, leading to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. This is accompanied by an increased colocalization of ubiquitin and p62 in the arcuate nucleus and reduced expression of autophagy markers in the hypothalamus. Genetic protection from obesity is accompanied by the normal regulation of the ubiquitin/proteasome system in the hypothalamus, whereas the inhibition of proteasome or p62 results in the acceleration of body mass gain in mice exposed for a short period to a high-fat diet. Thus, the defective regulation of the ubiquitin/proteasome system in the hypothalamus may be an important mechanism involved in the progression and autoperpetuation of obesity.
System of Region Management: a Framework Concept
Authors: Сульповар Лев , Sulpovar Lev , Богачева Татьяна , Bogacheva Tatyana
Published: June 2014

The article covers the issues concerning the development of a framework concept for the system of management. The authors prove that the problem of socio-economic development of a region is to be

considered from the perspective of a systemic approach principles and methods, viewing regions as an integral socio-economic system, whose subsystems include the state subsystem (with regions regarded as constituent entities of the federation), municipal formations, and a range of private and legal entities. The authors identify the major objectives of region management and consider ways of aligning the social and economic development of regions by overcoming the existing inter-regional disproportions. The framework concept, as proposed by the authors, is to recognize the economic development of a region, the development of the major constituents of the regional complex, and the region´s social development. Special attention is paid to the issues of implementing the investment policy and substantiating the staged of its implementation. Planning the investment activity, involving the rationale for long-term and medium-term goals of the investment process, as well as ways to achieve the goals, is seen as a vital element of investment policy.
Trailering accommodation requirements: analysis of specifications
Authors: Корнеев Алексей , Korneev Aleksey , Ермаков Александр , Ermakov Aleksandr , Черепанов Даниил , Cherepanov Daniil
Published: June 2014

The article crowns the latest in a series of stages of research conducted for the purpose of creating a scientific and methodical basis for the development of amateur trailering and autoclusters as a system in the Russian Federation. For the purpose of justification of various models of autoclusters, the researchers studied the experience of the countries which have a dense trailering infrastructure network, consider the existing classification of the means of accommodation for autotourists in Europe, and propose classification-level-related lists of the core and additional services as provided by accommodation owners.

The researchers studied the opinions of domestic users to identify the significance of services on campsites, and conclude that top-rated is the provision of essential / primary services (guarded parking, water supplies, shower, and toilet). The quality of service is assessed not only on the provided-unavailable basis, but also according to the service level. The researchers draw attention to the importance of harmonizing all the requirements specified as relevant for autotourist accommodation facilities in national regulatory documents and in compliance with international standards.
Approaches to the assessment of the hotel business market value: practical aspects
Authors: Ларионова Анна , Larionova Anna
Published: June 2014

The article considers the applicability of the comparative, income/capitalization, and cost approaches to hotel business evaluation. The author conducts research into the current trends that the market of commercial real estate demonstrates, paying special attention to transactions in Moscow´s hotel real estate market, and describes the application of the transaction and the price-animator method with reference to the hotel business specifics. As part of the research, the author calculates the values of such price animators as «hotel´s price rates/number of rooms», «price/revenue», «price/net profit», and identifies standard components used for amendments in the framework of the comparative approach. Among the components are scope of interest in land and real estate, hotel brand, hotel capacity and location, management quality, availability and lifecycle of additional divisions, investor´s aftersales reconstruction and inventory costs, sales terms (closing term, procurement of funds). On the basis of an assessment of the discounted cash flows, the author demonstrates the necessity of applying the income/capitalization approach, considers the limitations of the cost approach to evaluating a hotel business occupying an architecturally unique building, defines the advantages and drawbacks of the above-mentioned evaluation approaches as well as their application potential, and substantiates that the quality of evaluation depends on a comprehensive consideration of the specifics of the hotel industry.
Non-Profit Outsourcing in Tourism
Authors: Петрачкова Зинаида , Petrachkova Zinaida
Published: June 2014

The article provides a definition of non-profit organizations and reveals the essence of nоn-profit outsourcing in the sphere of tourism, an aspect not dealt with before. The author proposes two categories of non-profit organizations: tourist information centers and self-regulated organizations, which are in a position to act as outsourcers and perform a number of functions on behalf of tourist companies, thus, promoting the development on internal, in- and out-bound tourism. The author charts the relationship inside and among self-regulated organizations operating in the tourist sector.
Multicommodity vs. Single-Commodity Routing
Authors: Archetti Claudia , Campbell Ann Melissa , Speranza M. Grazia
Published: June 2014

In this paper we study a vehicle routing problem where customers request multiple commodities. We study the impact on transportation cost from using vehicles dedicated to a single commodity compared with using flexible vehicles capable of carrying any set of commodities. With vehicles that carry multiple commodities, we consider when the delivery to a customer can be made by more than one vehicle. If multiple vehicles can be used, we examine when deliveries of individual commodities may be split and when they may not be split. The latter problem has not previously been studied, and we present a mathematical programming model for it. We use worst case and computational analysis to compare these different models.
An Investigation of Moisture Gradient in Wood during Drying Using X-Ray Radiation and Numeric Methods
Authors: Yu Le , Hao Xiaofeng , Cai Liping , Shi Sheldon Q. , Jiang Jiali , Lu Jianxiong
Published: June 2014

The moisture gradient in wood is a characteristic of major interest in lumber drying. Two methods, an ovendry slicing method and an X-ray scanning method, were used to examine moisture gradients in wood during the drying of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). The results of the comparison between these two methods confirmed that X-ray radiation can be used to monitor moisture distribution during the drying of Chinese fir. Compared with the moisture content (MC) values obtained by the ovendry slicing method, the X-ray scanning method is capable of determining MC to within ±12.9 percent. Using a control volume approach, a numeric model for estimating the moisture gradient in wood during drying was developed in this work. The validation tests indicated that the model can be used to estimate moisture gradients during the drying of Chinese fir and is capable of predicting moisture distribution to within ±12.6 percent.
Women's Social Communication About IUDs: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Anderson Nora , Steinauer Jody , Valente Thomas , Koblentz Jenna , Dehlendorf Christine
Published: June 2014

Context

Few U.S. women use an IUD, despite the method's efficacy and ease of use. While studies have found that misconceptions about IUDs are prevalent, few have examined the influence of women's social networks on perceptions of the method.

Methods

Twenty‐four interviews and three focus groups (comprising 14 participants) were conducted in 2013 with a diverse sample of women aged 15–45 recruited from family planning clinics and the community in San Francisco. Half of participants had used IUDs. Women were asked about their social communication concerning contraceptives, particularly IUDs, and about the content of the information they had received or given. Transcripts were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach to identify themes of interest.

Results

Women reported that communication with female friends and family members was a valued means of obtaining information about contraceptives, and that negative information (which often was incorrect) was more prevalent and memorable than positive information in such communication. Women heard about negative experiences with IUDs from social contacts and television commercials; clinicians were a major source of positive information. Women who had never used IUDs expressed interest in learning about potential side effects and how IUDs feel, while users reported emphasizing to friends and family the method's efficacy and ease of use.

Conclusions

Misinformation and negative information about IUDs are prevalent in social communication, and the information transmitted through social networks differs from the information never‐users wish to receive. Findings support the creation of peer‐led interventions to encourage IUD users to share positive personal experiences and evidence‐based information.
Prevalence of Disability According to Multimorbidity and Disease Clustering: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Marengoni Alessandra , Angleman Sara , Fratiglioni Laura
Published: June 2014

Background

The prevalence of chronic diseases has increased with population ageing, and research has attempted to elucidate the correlation between chronic diseases and disability. However, most studies in older populations have focused on the effect of single disabling conditions, even though most older adults have more than one chronic disease (multimorbidity).

Objective

The aims of this study were to evaluate the association of disability with disease, in terms of multimorbidity and specified pairs of diseases, in a population-based study of older adults.

Materials and Methods

Using the Kungsholmen Project, we estimated the prevalence of disability by the number of chronic diseases, disease status by organ systems, and in specific pairs of chronic conditions, in a Swedish population ( n=1,099; ≥77 years). Disability was defined as need of assistance in at least one activity of daily living (Katz index).

Results

Functional disability was seen in 17.9% of participants. It increased as the number of chronic diseases increased. The prevalence of disability varied greatly amongst specific pairs of diseases: from 6.7% in persons affected by hypertension and atrial fibrillation to 82.4% in persons affected by dementia and hip fracture. In multivariate logistic regression models, the disease pairs that were significantly associated with the highest increased relative odds of disability contained dementia (dementia–hip fracture, dementia–CVD, and dementia–depression).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest specific pairs of diseases are much more highly associated with disability than others, particularly diseases coupled with dementia. This knowledge may improve prevention of disablement and planning of resource distribution.
Diabetes Alone should not be a Reason for Withholding Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: van Waalwijk Maren A. , van de Schans Saskia A. M. , Haak Harm R. , Extermann Martine , Dercksen Wouter M. W. , Janssen-Heijnen Maryska L. G.
Published: June 2014

Background

With increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and colon cancer, the number of patients suffering from both diseases is growing, and physicians are being faced with complicated treatment decisions.

Objective

To investigate the association between diabetes and treatment/course of stage III colon cancer and the association between colon cancer and course of diabetes.

Materials and Methods

Additional information was collected from the medical records of all patients with both stage III colon cancer and diabetes ( n=201) and a random sample of stage III colon cancer patients without diabetes ( n=206) in the area of the population-based Eindhoven Cancer Registry (1998–2007).

Results

Colon cancer patients without diabetes were more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy compared with diabetic colon cancer patients (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2–2.7). After adjustment for age, this difference was borderline significant (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0–2.6). Diabetic patients did not have: significantly more side-effects from surgery or adjuvant chemotherapy; more recurrence from colon cancer; significantly shorter time interval until recurrence; or a poorer disease-free survival or overall survival. Age and withholding of adjuvant chemotherapy were most predictive of all-cause mortality. After colon cancer diagnosis, the dose of antiglycaemic medications was increased in 22% of diabetic patients, resulting in significantly lower glycaemic indexes than before colon cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions

Since diabetic patients did not have more side-effects of adjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy had a positive effect on survival for both patients with and without diabetes, diabetes alone should not be a reason for withholding adjuvant chemotherapy.
A Scoping Review and Thematic Classification of Patient Complexity: Offering a Unifying Framework
Authors: Schaink Alexis K. , Kuluski Kerry , Lyons Renée F. , Fortin Martin , Jadad Alejandro R. , Upshur Ross , Wodchis Walter P.
Published: June 2014

The path to improving healthcare quality for individuals with complex health conditions is complicated by a lack of common understanding of complexity. Modern medicine, together with social and environmental factors, has extended life, leading to a growing population of patients with chronic conditions. In many cases, there are social and psychological factors that impact treatment, health outcomes, and quality of life. This is the face of complexity. Care challenges, burden, and cost have positioned complexity as an important health issue. Complex chronic conditions are now being discussed by clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers around such issues as quantification, payment schemes, transitions, management models, clinical practice, and improved patient experience. We conducted a scoping review of the literature for definitions and descriptions of complexity. We provide an overview of complex chronic conditions, and what is known about complexity, and describe variations in how it is understood. We developed a Complexity Framework from these findings to guide our approach to understanding patient complexity. It is critical to use common vernacular and conceptualization of complexity to improve service and outcomes for patients with complex chronic conditions. Many questions still persist about how to develop this work with a health and social care lens; our framework offers a foundation to structure thinking about complex patients. Further insight into patient complexity can inform treatment models and goals of care, and identify required services and barriers to the management of complexity.
The ‘Everyday Work’ of Living with Multimorbidity in Socioeconomically Deprived Areas of Scotland
Authors: O'Brien Rosaleen , Wyke Sally , Watt Graham G.C.M. , Guthrie Bruce , Mercer Stewart W.
Published: June 2014

Background

Multimorbidity is common in patients living in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation and is associated with poor quality of life, but the reasons behind this are not clear. Exploring the ‘everyday life work’ of patients may reveal important barriers to self-management and wellbeing.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between the management of multimorbidity and ‘everyday life work’ in patients living in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation in Scotland, as part of a programme of work on multimorbidity and deprivation.

Design

Qualitative study: individual semi-structured interviews of 14 patients (8 women and 6 men) living in deprived areas with multimorbidity, exploring how they manage. Analysis was continuous and iterative. We report the findings in relation to everyday life work.

Results

The in-depth analysis revealed four key themes: (i) the symbolic significance of everyday life work to evidence the work of being ‘normal’; (ii) the usefulness of everyday life work in managing symptoms; (iii) the impact that mental health problems had on everyday life work; and (iv) issues around accepting help for everyday life tasks. Overall, most struggled with the amount of work required to establish a sense of normalcy in their everyday lives, especially in those with mental–physical multimorbidity.

Conclusions

Everyday life work is an important component of self-management in patients with multimorbidity in deprived areas, and is commonly impaired, especially in those with mental health problems. Interventions to improve self-management support for patients living with multimorbidity may benefit from an understanding of the role of everyday life work.
Histone H2B monoubiquitination: roles to play in human malignancy
Authors: Cole Alexander J , Clifton-Bligh Roderick , Marsh Deborah J
Published: June 2014

Ubiquitination has traditionally been viewed in the context of polyubiquitination that is essential for marking proteins for degradation via the proteasome. Recent discoveries have shed light on key cellular roles for monoubiquitination, including as a post-translational modification (PTM) of histones such as histone H2B. Monoubiquitination plays a significant role as one of the largest histone PTMs, alongside smaller, better-studied modifications such as methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation. Monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 120 (H2Bub1) has been shown to have key roles in transcription, the DNA damage response and stem cell differentiation. The H2Bub1 enzymatic cascade involves E3 RING finger ubiquitin ligases, with the main E3 generally accepted to be the RNF20–RNF40 complex, and deubiquitinases including ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), USP22 and USP44. H2Bub1 has been shown to physically disrupt chromatin strands, fostering a more open chromatin structure accessible to transcription factors and DNA repair proteins. It also acts as a recruiting signal, actively attracting proteins with roles in transcription and DNA damage. H2Bub1 also appears to play central roles in histone cross-talk, influencing methylation events on histone H3, including H3K4 and H3K79. Most significantly, global levels of H2Bub1 are low to absent in advanced cancers including breast, colorectal, lung and parathyroid, marking H2Bub1 and the enzymes that regulate it as key molecules of interest as possible new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. This review offers an overview of current knowledge regarding H2Bub1 and highlights links between dysregulation of H2Bub1-associated enzymes, stem cells and malignancy.
Anti-inflammatory prostaglandins for the prevention of preterm labour
Authors: Sykes Lynne , MacIntyre David A , Teoh Tiong Ghee , Bennett Phillip R
Published: June 2014

Preterm birth occurs in 10–12% of pregnancies and is the primary cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Tocolytic therapies have long been the focus for the prevention of preterm labour, yet they do not significantly improve neonatal outcome. A direct causal link exists between infection-induced inflammation and preterm labour. As inflammation and infection are independent risk factors for poor neonatal outcome, recent research focus has been shifted towards exploring the potential for anti-inflammatory strategies. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) is a transcription factor that controls the expression of many labour-associated genes includingPTGS2(COX2), prostaglandins (PGs) and the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) as well as key inflammatory genes. Targeting the inhibition of NFκB is therefore an attractive therapeutic approach for both the prevention of preterm labour and for reducing neonatal exposure to inflammation. While PGs are considered to be pro-labour and pro-inflammatory, the cyclopentenone PG 15-deoxy-Δ12,14PGJ2(15d-PGJ2) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties via the inhibition of NFκB in human amniocytes, myocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cellsin vitro. 15d-PGJ2also delays inflammation-induced preterm labour in the mouse and significantly increases pup survival. This review examines the current understanding of inflammation in the context of labour and discusses how anti-inflammatory PGs may hold promise for the prevention of preterm labour and improved neonatal outcome.
Indonesians in Saudi Arabia: Worhsip and Work
Authors: Husson Laurence
Published: June 2014

This article, which  opens a new  line of research,  is intended  to make a first assessment of the consequences  of Indonesian migration to saudi Arabia,  in particular  during  the  first half of the 2Oth century-a period when the immigration is bound  up with the pilgrimage from which Saudi Arabia draws a large part of its revenues. It must be added  that while documentary  evidence and partial studies on  this period  exist,  it turns out that documentation on the contemporary period  is scarce. This article also  is concerned with describing the evolution  of certain striking  aspects of the close  relation  between  the pilgrimage to Mecca  and Indonesian migrants  looking  for work.  We need to consider  the methods  of hiring  labor,  the networks  involved  in recruiting it, the organization  of travel,  as well as the increasing indebtedness  of the migrants  through  intermediaries  who, more and more professionally, arrange  these attempts  to live abroad, prompted in many cases by the same desire  for wealth.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i4.767
Al-Ḥājj ‘Umar Sa‘īd Shukrū Amīnūtū: Ḥayātu wa Kifāhuh wa Afkāruh
Authors: Daulay Agus Salim
Published: June 2014

HOS Tjokroaminoto, to this day, tends to be considered as a Sarekat Islam (Islam Union) important figure only, whereas he was one of the actors who contributed to the formation of Indonesian modern history.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i4.768
NU: Islam Tradisional dan Modernitas di Indonesia
Authors: Azra Azyumardi
Published: June 2014

As stated by Abdurrahman Wahid in his introduction, the book under discussion is the first one written in English, not in the Indonesian language, that discusses the Nahdatul Ulama (NU). This is of course very surprising, since the NU is one of the largest Muslim organizations in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v4i4.770
Peradaban Islam Melayu
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat
Published: June 2014

"Civilization", the term employed as the main title of the book under review, is of spesific significance to us here. The term has appeared only in recent scholarly works on Southeast Asian Islam, especially those written by oreintalists.This paper is a review of the book Mohd. Taib Osman, (ed.), Islamic Civilization in the Malay World (Kuala Lumpur and Istanbul: Language and Library Board and the Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture, 1997).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v5i1.763
“The Clash of Civilization”: A Prognosis of the Future or the Lure of the Past
Authors: Abdullah Taufik
Published: June 2014

This article is seen as one response to the Clash of Civilization thesis and wanted to test the accuracy of the analysis of Samuel Huntington back in the context of the uniqueness of Islam in Indonesia.The story begins when Samuel P. Huntington -  the famous political scientist from the highly prestigious Harvard Uinversity and a citizen of the most powerful nation - writes an article, entitled "The Clash of Civilization?" in foreign Affair.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v5i2.754
Al-Ma‘had al-Turāthī wa al-Ta’hīl al- Mihanī:Tajribah Nūr al-Jadīd al-Tawaqu‘i al-Mustaqbal
Authors: Murodi Murodi , Wahid Hamid. W
Published: June 2014

This paper will discuss the characteristics of pesantren education in relation to vocational education, background and objectives by taking the case of boarding Nurul Jadid, Karanganyar, Paiton, Probolinggo, East Java.Unlike what Abdurrahman Wahid once argues, since the 1970's, the pesantren, traditional Islamic boarding schools, have not been construed as unique and closed institution, but have become cultural institution actively responding to social changes. Recently pesantren have had no choice but to open their doors to the DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v5i2.755
Hasan Bandunj: al-Mufakir al-Faqih al-Muthir li Jidal
Authors: Suyanta Sri
Published: June 2014

A. Hasan Bandung merupaka salah satu tokoh pembaharu modernis yang dikenal dengan sikapnya yang kontroversial dan polemis. Tulisan yang menggambarkan biografi intelektual A. Hasan ini, khususnya dalam kaitan pemikiran fiqh, dimaksudkan untuk melihat kekayaan khazanah pemikiran modern dalam Islam Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v5i3.742
Al-Tafkīr ḥaul Makānah al-Mar’ah bi Indūnīsiyā baḥth fī Mawqif al-Islām min al-Ḥarkāt al-Nisā’īyah fī al-Qarnayn al-Tāsi’ ‘Ashr wa al-‘Ishrīn al-Milādiyīn
Authors: Munawwaroh Junaidah
Published: June 2014

the discourse concerning feminism in Indonesian Muslim society is relatively recent. The emergence of such a movement only goes back to the early twentieth century, when R.A Kartini, a daughter of Jepara Resident, struggled for an equal position for man and women in public life. it seems that the movement has tried to respon a particular challenge faced by most women in the Dutch-East Indies who have been discriminated againts and denied access to education. as the movement speards, the discourse on gender rises to become an important issue among muslims in Indonesia, particularly in academic sphere. It grows rapidly with more extensive and subtantial topics of discussion.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v6i1.748
Al-Tafkīr al-Fiqhīyah ‘inda Nahdlatul Ulama
Authors: Ariev Hodri
Published: June 2014

Since its establish in 1926, Nahdatul Ulama (NU) has been known as a socio-religious organization that bases its thought and practice on the four outstanding Islamic law school: Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanafi. However, during the third NU's Congress in Surabaya, East JAva, NU declared itself to affiliated to Shafi its school only. The congress was special because this declaration was incorporated formally into its constitution; the Congress also resulted in the creation of a special forum to discuss religious legal problems (bahtsul masail Ar. bahth al-masa'il) faced by ummah. To date not less than 420 decisions have been produced by this forum that adress various problems such as family, politics, economy, education, ritual and so forth.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v6i1.749
Kisah Adam dalam Literatur Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Ropi Ismatu
Published: June 2014

Buku yang ditulis oleh Steenbrink kali ini berupaya membuktikan sebuah hipotesis bahwa betapapun berasal dari sumber yang sama, Al-Qur'an dan Hadits, kisah Adam dalam tradisi Islam di Asia Tenggara mengalami proses pengkayaan orang sangat luar biasa dan tentunya dalam beberapa hal sangat berbeda dengan apa yang dipotret oleh kedua sumber ajaran Islam itu sendiri. Selain itu, sebagaimana terungkap dalam pendahuluan buku, karya ini berupaya mengklarifikasi kemungkinan adanya persamaan dan kesinambungan antara Yahudi, Kristen, dan Islam sebagai agama-agama Ibrahim (Abrahamic religions).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v6i2.735
The Morphology of Adat: The Celebration of Islamic Holy Day in North Coast Java
Authors: AG. Muhaimin
Published: June 2014

The main concern of this paper is to throw light on the issue as follow: what days are currently considered as Holy days, for what reason and how is the commemoration or celebration of that day performed. With special reference to Cirebon, a region in North-coast Java about 250 km East of Jakana, This article will discuss this issue at some length. The socio-religious function of these celebrations is also explored.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v6i3.724
The Role of Islamic Student Groups in the Reformasi Struggle: KAMMI (Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Muslim Indonesia)
Authors: Kraince Richard G.
Published: June 2014

This article provides an investigation of KAMMI's role in the reformasi movement with respect to its relationship with the nation, the umat, and the larger student movement. As it explores the pressures that have confronted Islamic students throughout the period, it addresses some of the most salient topics currently being debated in Indonesian society. Most importantly, it provides an analysis of KAMMI's stance toward the legitimacy of former president B. J. Habibie's government and its right to lead reform as opposed to the positions of several "radical' student groups which demanded the formation of a transitional government; its position on the politicization of Islamic symbols vis-à-vis  the activities of certain "hard-line" Islamist organizations; and its commitment to peaceful action and the rejection of the use of violence as a form of protest. In spite of its collegiality with right-wing Muslim organizations, several of which have been criticized as resistant to reform, self-interested, or politically opportunistic, KAMMI has made a critical contribution to the reform process. Most significantly, it has demonstrated that, contrary to what certain Islamic groups have urged, being a devout Muslim does not preclude struggling for democratic reform, nor voicing opposition to the government. Likewise, in spite of its solidarity with other student groups, several of which have been accused of being politically motivated, manipulated by partisan power brokers, or naively desirous of anarchy, KAMMI has shown that a student organization can apply strong pressure on national leaders, yet refrain from violent altercations which promote civil unrest and societal breakdown. The group's ongoing activities in reaction to the divisive conflicts that have erupted in the regions of Aceh, Ambon, and East Timor are also significant, yet have not been analyzed within the scope of this paper. Rather, the focus of this writing is on KAMMI's role in Indonesia's recent political transition, especially the pivotal events of. 1998, which set the stage for Indonesia's transition from an authoritarian state to the world's third largest democracy.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v7i1.715
The Ulama in Aceh: A Brief Historical Survey
Authors: Saby Yusny
Published: June 2014

This article is a survey primarily concerned with the social and political roles of some leading ulama in Aceh, one of the most important areas for the development of Islam in the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. As the work of Azyumardi Azra argued, Aceh emerged as the leading center of Islamic learning in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Malay-Indonesia; The leading ulama originated from Aceh and Islamic thought mainly developed there. Hamzah al-Fansûrî and Nur al-Din al-Raniri-to mention but a few-were among the Acehnese ulama who contributed to the Islamic intellectual development during the periode concerned. They were responsible for the spread of, respectively, heterodox sufisme wahdat al-wujûd and neosufisme in Malay-Indonesian Islam.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v8i1.694
Disparities in Early Exposure to Book Sharing Within Immigrant Families
Authors: Festa Natalia , Loftus Pooja D. , Cullen Mark R. , Mendoza Fernando S.
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE:

This study examined the early developmental context of children in immigrant families (CIF), measured by the frequency with which parents share books with their children.

METHODS:

Trends in the frequency with which parents report book sharing, defined in this analysis as reading or sharing picture books with their young children, were analyzed across immigrant and nonimmigrant households by using data from the 2005, 2007, and 2009 California Health Interview Survey. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression assessed the likelihood that CIF shared books with parents daily.

RESULTS:

In this study, 57.5% of parents in immigrant families reported daily book sharing (DBS), compared with 75.8% of native-born parents. The lowest percentage of DBS was seen in Hispanic families with 2 foreign-born parents (47.1%). When controlling for independent variables, CIF with 2 foreign-born parents had the lowest odds of sharing books daily (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54–0.68). When stratified by race/ethnicity, separate multivariate logistic regressions revealed CIF status to be associated with lower odds of DBS for Asian (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38–0.81) and Hispanic CIF (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.42–0.58).

CONCLUSIONS:

There is an association between the lower odds of DBS and parental immigrant status, especially for Hispanic and Asian children. This relationship holds after controlling for variables thought to explain differences in literacy-related practices, such as parental education and income. Because book sharing is central to children’s development of early literacy and language skills, this disparity merits further exploration with the aim of informing future interventions.
The Transition to ICD-10-CM: Challenges for Pediatric Practice
Authors: Caskey Rachel , Zaman Jeffrey , Nam Hannah , Chae Sae-Rom , Williams Lauren , Mathew Gina , Burton Michael , Li Jiarong “John” , Lussier Yves A. , Boyd Andrew D.
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Diagnostic codes are used widely within health care for billing, quality assessment, and to measure clinical outcomes. The US health care system will transition to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM), in October 2015. Little is known about how this transition will affect pediatric practices. The objective of this study was to examine how the transition to ICD-10-CM may result in ambiguity of clinical information and financial disruption for pediatricians.

METHODS:

Using a statewide data set from Illinois Medicaid specified for pediatricians, 2708 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnosis codes were identified. Diagnosis codes were categorized into 1 of 5 categories: identity, class-to-subclass, subclass-to-class, convoluted, and no translation. The convoluted and high-cost diagnostic codes (n = 636) were analyzed for accuracy and categorized into “information loss,” “overlapping categories,” “inconsistent,” and “consistent.” Finally, reimbursement by Medicaid was calculated for each category.

RESULTS:

Twenty-six percent of pediatric diagnosis codes are convoluted, which represents 21% of Illinois Medicaid pediatric patient encounters and 16% of reimbursement. The diagnosis codes represented by information loss (3.6%), overlapping categories (3.2%), and inconsistent (1.2%) represent 8% of Medicaid pediatric reimbursement.

CONCLUSIONS:

The potential for financial disruption and administrative errors from 8% of reimbursement diagnosis codes necessitates special attention to these codes in preparing for the transition to ICD-10-CM for pediatric practices.