bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demagnetization Fault Diagnosis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Inductance Disturbance
Authors: Xiao Fan , He Jing , Zhang Miaoying ,   College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Technology No. 88 Taishan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China,   College of Railway Transportation Locomotive and Vehicle, Hunan Railway Professional Technology College No.89 Tiandong Road, Shifeng District, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412001, China
Published: September 2021

To address the problem of demagnetization fault diagnosis of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) under inductance change, a demagnetization fault detection method based on an adaptive observer is proposed. First, the mathematical model of the demagnetization fault of PMSM in a synchronous rotating coordinate system is established, and the inductance disturbance is analyzed separately. Then, considering the different characteristics of the flux linkage fault and inductance disturbance, a new adaptive observer is proposed. Two adaptive laws are designed to ensure the accuracy of fault diagnosis and to eliminate the influence of inductance disturbance, thus achieving the robust diagnosis of demagnetization fault.
Development of a Control System and Interface Design Based on an Electric Wheelchair
Authors: Woo Jinseok ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan, Yamaguchi Kyosuke , Ohyama Yasuhiro
Published: September 2021

Recently, personal mobility has been researched and developed to make short-distance travel within the community more comfortable and convenient. However, from the viewpoint of personal mobility, there are problems such as difficulty in picking up items while shopping when operating the joystick for shopping and the inability to use hands freely. Accordingly, because the speed of personal mobility can be controlled by foot stepping like an accelerator pedal, we developed an electric wheelchair system that can control the speed by pedal operation. Furthermore, we developed a control system that considers the ride quality using an electric wheelchair with pedal control. In this study, the proposed method is detailed in three parts. Firstly, to develop the pedal mechanism, a potentiometer was used to detect the angle of the pedal mechanism, and a spring mechanism was designed for return to its original position after the pedal was pushed. Next, we propose a feedback control system that considers the ride quality of the operator. In addition, we integrated the system with a smart device-based robot system to realize the mobility as a service (MaaS). Finally, we present several examples of the system and discuss the applicability of the proposed system.
Position Control of Machine Tool Moving Axis Based on Sliding Mode Control
Authors: He Wangyong , Liu Sanqiu , Zhao Zhen , Jie Kui ,   School of Automation, China University of Geosciences No.388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China,   Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration, Ministry of Education No.388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China,   Qinghai Bureau of Environmental Geology Exploration No.77 Haiyan Road, Chengxi District, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
Published: September 2021

Aiming at a high-precision tracking performance of the control of a machine tool moving axis, this study established a system mathematical model considering the elastic deformation of the ball screw. Then, a sliding mode controller was designed to suppress the influence of uncertainty on the control performance. Next, an extended state observer was designed to observe the system state and disturbance and provide feedback to the sliding mode controller for position control. Finally, the correctness of the designed sliding mode control and extended state observer were proved by MATLAB simulation analysis.
Cross-View Gait Recognition Based on Dual-Stream Network
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Tianyao , Zhang Zhaohui ,   School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China,   Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing Fo Shan 528399, China,   Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
Published: September 2021

Gait recognition is a biometric identification method that can be realized under long-distance and no-contact conditions. Its applications in criminal investigations and security inspections are thus broad. Most existing gait recognition methods adopted the gait energy image (GEI) for feature extraction. However, the GEI method ignores the dynamic information of gait, which causes the recognition performance to be greatly affected by viewing angle changes and the subject’s belongings and clothes. To solve these problems, in this paper a cross-view gait recognition method that uses a dual-stream network based on the fusion of dynamic and static features (FDSN) is proposed. First, the static features are extracted from the GEI and the dynamic features are extracted from the image sequence of the human’s lower limbs. Then, the two features are fused, and finally, a nearest neighbor classifier is used for classification. Comparative experiments on the CASIA-B dataset created by the Automation Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences showed that the FDSN achieves a higher recognition rate than a convolutional neural network (CNN) and Gaitset under changes in viewing angle or clothing. To meet our requirements, in this study a gait image dataset was collected and produced in a campus setting. The experimental results on this dataset show the effectiveness of the FDSN in terms of eliminating the effects of disruptive changes.
PENILAIAN PRODUK KANCING BERBENTUK HURUF DENGAN BAHAN DASAR LIMBAH STYROFOAM
Authors: Fiqratul Aulia Fika , Lutfia Zahra Eneng , Suliyanthini Dewi
Published: September 2021

The research aims to find out the assessment of Styrofoam Letter-Shaped Button Products full colour theme, Rainbow inspiration source, style and look sporty off beat which is assessed based on product quality theory and design element theory and design principles. Descriptive qualitative research methods. By measuring based on aspects of comfort, benefits, the shape of the center of attention color and the element of design. Valued by 5 panelists. The results of the button accessories research has a design element of color shape texture was quite good. And can be used as a button for children's clothing. But in performance it takes a more perfect improvement process.
The Effect of Viral Marketing on Blackberry Messenger Applications on Customer Satisfaction Through Purchasing Decisions on University Students in Sidoarjo
Authors: Yulianto Mochamad Rizal , Suhartono Suhartono , Ronny Ronny
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of viral marketing on Blackberry Messenger applications on customer satisfaction through purchasing decisions on university students in Sidoarjo. This research hypothesis states that viral marketing affect customer satisfaction through purchasing decisions. This research data was collected by questionnaires distributed to 180 respondents in several universities in Sidoarjo. From the data obtained then tested the validity test, reliability test and structure equation model analysis using the SmartPLS statistical application. The results of this study indicate that viral marketing on the Blackberry Messenger application have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction through purchasing decisions on university students in Sidoarjo
A population dynamics tipping point for aging as a cause of adult death
Authors: Scharf Andrea , Mitteldorf Josh , Armstead Brinda , Schneider Daniel , Jin He , Kocsisova Zuzana , Tan Chieh-Hsiang , Sanchez Francesca , Brady Brian , Ram Natasha , DiAntonio Gabe , Wilson Andrea , Kornfeld Kerry
Published: September 2021

Populations are a fundamental level of biological organization that poses major challenges for analysis. Individual traits that influence development, diapause, reproduction, aging, and lifespan interact in complex ways to determine birth and death. Birth and death drive population dynamics and determine whether a population survives or is doomed for extinction. However, we lack a deep understanding of the relationships between individual traits and population dynamics, a major challenge in the emerging field of ecology-development (eco-devo). Here we establish a laboratory ecosystem using the model organism C. elegans and a computational simulation that realistically models the laboratory ecosystem. We used these platforms to investigate the conditions that permit animals in the population to die of old age, a critical step in understanding the role of aging in population dynamics. Old age as a cause of death was influenced by three conditions: maximum lifespan, rate of adult culling, and progeny number/food stability. Remarkably, populations displayed a tipping point for aging as the primary cause of adult death. With high numbers of progeny, almost all adults in a population died young, whereas a slight decrease in progeny number caused a dramatic shift in the population, and almost all adults died of old age. The conditions defined here establish a conceptual framework for understanding why certain animals die of old age in the wild, such as mayflies and elephants.
A Retrospective Cohort Study on the increasing trend of suicide ideations and risks in an opioid-dependent population of Puerto Rico 2015-2018
Authors: Collazo Gerardo , Ruiz Alejandro , Rivera Marimer , Diaz-Marty Cristina , Avila Alessandro , Escobar Mauricio , Ojeda Juan , Almodovar-Frau Daniel , Maldonado Irvin , Inostroza-Nieves Yaritza
Published: September 2021

Background: The rate of suicide attempts among people with substance abuse disorders in the U.S. is six times higher than in the general population. The prevalence of suicidal ideations and attempts continues to increase in Puerto Rico, with a significant incidence in substance-abusing populations. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluate the suicide profile of 4,347 opioid-dependent participants in ASSMCA's methadone center in San Juan, PR, from 2015 to 2018 using questions related to suicidal ideation and attempts included in the admission questionnaire. Results: Participants reporting suicide ideation increase from 8.5% in 2015 to 17.0% in 2018. In 2015 only 7.0% claimed to have had a history of a suicide attempt, increasing to 12.4% in 2018. Discussion: Our data support the need for screening for suicide risk among substance-abusing populations to identify targeted interventions. The identification of high-risk populations for suicide can help during rehabilitation and finding the adequate resources needed.
Cationic Core/Shell Polysiloxane Acrylate Emulsion: Synthesis, Film Morphology, and Performance on Cotton Pigment Coloration.
Authors: Dai Xianghui , Yu xia , Xu Xiaomin , Sun Xiao , Pan Jianjun , Zhang Xiaoting , Min Jie
Published: September 2021

In this paper, acrylate-terminated polysiloxane was synthesised and used as raw materials for the synthesis of cationic core/shell polysiloxane acrylate emulsion, which was applied as binders in the pigment dyeing of cotton fabrics. The experimental results showed that: the cationic core/shell poly siloxane acrylate emulsion in this article is in nano size of 100nm. During the film formation of the emulsion, there are core-core and shell-shell fusion phenomena between the latex particles, and same poly siloxane chain aggregates on the surface of the film. When the emulsion is used in the pigment dyeing of cotton fabrics, the dyed cotton fabrics feel soft, and the soaping fastness and dry/wet rubbing fastness meet the national quality requirements, as soaping fastness can reach grade 4 ~ 5, dry rubbing fastness can reach grade 4 ~ 5, and wet rubbing fastness can reach grade 4.
Novel ROS-Responsive Marine Biomaterial Fucoidan Nanocarriers with AIE Effect and Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Guo Chunjing , Chen Qiang , Liu Xue , Cheng Ziting , Chen Daquan , Kong Ming
Published: September 2021

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been widely used in the treatment of many kinds of tumors, which can effectively induce tumor cell apoptosis by using produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this paper, ROS-sensitive multifunctional marine biomaterial natural polysaccharide nanoparticles (CT/PTX) were designed. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules tetraphenylethylene (TPE) labeled and caffeic acid (CA) modified fucoidan (FUC) amphiphilic carrier material (CA-FUC-TK-TPE, CFTT) was fabricated, in which the thioketal bond was used as the linkage arm between TPE and fucoidan chain, giving the CFTT material ROS sensitivity. In addition, amphiphilic carrier material (FUC-TK-VE, FTVE) composed of thioketal-linked vitamin E and fucoidan was synthesized. The mixed carrier material CFTT and FTVE self-assembled in water to form nanoparticles (CT/PTX ) loaded with PTX and Fe3+. CT/PTX nanoparticles could induce ROS oxidative stress in tumor sites through the CDT effect induced by Fe3+. The CDT effect was combined with the chemotherapeutic drug PTX to achieve tumor inhibition. In vitro cell studies have proved that CT/PTX nanoparticles have excellent cell permeability and tumor cytotoxicity. In vivo antitumor experiments confirmed effective antitumor activity and reduced side effects.
Correlation Analysis of Roughness Surface Height Distribution Parameters and Maximum Mises Stress
Authors: Yang Duo , Wang Qibo , Tang Jinyuan , Xia Fujia , Zhou Wei , Wen Yuqin
Published: September 2021

Roughness surfaces contact analysis is an advanced research topic in interface design. The 3D rough surface amplitude distribution characterized by height distribution parameters(Sq (root mean square), Ssk (skewness), Sku (kurtosis)) has a great influence on the extreme value and distribution of the interface contact stress. However, the relationship between height distribution parameters and surface maximum mises stress (σmax) is still unclear and lacks of in-depth study. With the assistance of roughness surface reconstruction and contact stress algorithm proposed by the research group, σmax under a large sample was calculated and used as the data support for correlation analysis. Through BP neural network, global sensitivity qualitative (Morris) and quantitative (Sobol) analysis methods, the relationship between Sq, Ssk, Sku and σmax under different loads is studied. Based on complete polynomial and permutation combination method, the optimal correlation model between height distribution parameters and σmax was established, and particle swarm algorithm was introduced to analyze σmax extreme values under different Sq. The results show that: (1) Under different loads, the order about height distribution parameters influence on surface contact stress is: Sq> Ssk > Sku, and as the load increases, the influence of Ssk and Sku gradually decreases. (2) In different roughness surfaces, the influence of Ssk and Sku on the contact performance is significantly full of discrepancy. The research results provide reference and technical support for active design of rough surface microstructure to improved contact performance.
Light-sheet photonic force optical coherence elastography for high-throughput quantitative 3D micromechanical imaging
Authors: Lin Yuechuan , Leartprapun Nichaluk , Luo Justin , Adie Steven
Published: September 2021

Microscale mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and dynamic cell-ECM interactions play an important role in pathophysiological processes, including the onset, progression, and attenuation of disease. The ability to quantitatively image cell-mediated micromechanical dynamics of the ECM in physiologically relevant 3D engineered cellular systems can significantly enhance the clinical translational potential of fundamental discoveries in the rapidly growing field of mechanobiology. However, it remains a challenge for current mechanical characterization methods to combine quantitative 3D imaging of ECM mechanics with cellular-scale resolution and dynamic monitoring of cell‑mediated changes to pericellular viscoelasticity. Here, we present light-sheet photonic force optical coherence elastography (LS-pfOCE) to address this challenge by leveraging a light-sheet for parallelized, non-invasive, and localized mechanical loading. We demonstrate the capabilities of LS-pfOCE by imaging the micromechanical heterogeneity of fibrous 3D collagen matrices and perform a live-cell study to image micromechanical heterogeneity induced by NIH-3T3 cells seeded in 3D fibrin constructs. We also show that LS-pfOCE is able to quantify temporal variations in pericellular viscoelasticity in response to drug-induced altered cellular activity. By providing access to 4D spatiotemporal variations in the micromechanical properties of 3D biopolymer constructs and engineered cellular systems, LS‑pfOCE has the potential to drive new discoveries in mechanobiology and contribute to the development of novel biomechanics-based clinical diagnostics and therapies.
Effects of a Cylinder Liner Microstructure on Lubrication Condition of a Twin-Land Oil Control Ring and a Piston Skirt of an Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Kikuhara Koji , Koeser Philipp S , Tian Tian
Published: September 2021

It is hypothesized that the sliding surface structures improve the lubrication condition by forming an oil sump on the sliding surface, redistributing the oil, and trapping wear debris. For these reasons, the sliding surface structures have been used as a friction reduction method for a long time. However, how to optimize the sliding surface structure is still controversial. In this work, effects of microstructure laid on the cylinder liner of an internal combustion engine on twin-land oil control ring (TLOCR) and piston skirt lubrication condition were investigated by comparing friction between the conventional fine-honed liner (CFL) and the microstructured liner (MSL) which was made based on the CFL. As a result of the friction measurement using a floating liner engine, it was found that the microstructure improved lubrication condition by reducing hydrodynamic friction. On the other hand, the result showed there was a possibility that the microstructure deteriorated friction depending on the engine operating conditions.
CircN4bp1 Facilitates Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Through Mediating Macrophage Polarization via the miR-138-5p/EZH2 Axis
Authors: Zhao Dongyang , Wang Chunxue , Liu Xiandong , Liu Na , Zhuang Shougang , Zhang Qianqian , Bao Xiaowei , Xu Shumin , Zhou Xiaohui , Meng Qinshu , Li Shao , Tang Lunxian
Published: September 2021

Background
We recently reported the differential circRNAs expression patterns of the pulmonary macrophages in sepsis induced ARDS mice model by microarray analysis; However, their function and hidden molecular mechanism in regulation of macrophage activation and inflammation remains poorly understood.
Methods
In this study, serum were obtained from ARDS patients post sepsis and control subjects. Mice were subjected to Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery and intravenously injected with si-circN4bp1 plasmid transfected macrophages. Raw264.7 cells and MH-S cells were transfected with circN4bp1 overexpression or silence vectors and then polarized as M1 or M2 macrophages in vitro.
Results
We firstly examined the quantitative expression and localization of circN4bp1 in macrophages by Real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and found that circN4bp1 was overexpressed in PBMC and monocytes and its expression levels were correlated with a poor prognosis in ARDS patients induced by sepsis. In CLP-induced ARDS mice, we demonstrated that knockdown of circN4bp1 inhibited the lung injury and inflammatory cytokine release, and improved the long-time survival through blunting the M1 macrophage activation. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis predicated a circN4bp1/miR-138-5p ceRNA network, which was confirmed by Luciferase reporter assay and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP). In vitro experiments, we indicated that circN4bp1 affected macrophage differentiation by binding to miR-138-5p, thus regulating the expression of EZH2. Lastly, we found that the m6A level of circN4bp1 was elevated in ARDS mice; inhibition of m6A methyltransferases METTL3 blocked this response in vitro.
Conclusions
These data suggest that circN4bp1 can function as a miR-138-5p sponge for the regulation of macrophage polarization and may serve as a potential target and/or prognostic marker for ARDS patients following sepsis.
The Dark Halo Technique in the Oeuvre of Michael Sweerts and Other Flemish and Dutch Baroque Painters. A 17th C. Empirical Solution to Mitigate the Optical ‘Simultaneous Contrast’ Effect?
Authors: Derks Kirsten , Snickt Geert Van der , Legrand Stijn , Stighelen Katlijne Van der , Janssens Koen
Published: September 2021

Although the topic is rarely addressed in literature, a significant number of baroque paintings exhibit dark, halo-like shapes around the contours of the dramatis personae. Close examination of both finished and unfinished works suggests that this intriguing feature was a practical tool that helped the artist in the early painting stages. When applying the final brushwork, the halo lost its function, with some artists undertaking efforts to hide it. Although their visibility might not have been intended by the artists, today this dark paint beneath the surface is partially visible through the upper paint layers. Moreover, the disclosure of many halos using infrared photography (IRP), infrared reflectography (IRR) and macro X-ray fluorescence imaging (MA- XRF), additional to those that can be observed visually, suggests that this was a common and established element of 17th -century painting practice in Western Europe. Building on an existing hypothesis, we argue that halos can be considered as a solution to an optical problem that arose when baroque painters reversed the traditional, 15th - and 16th -century painting sequence of working from background to foreground. Instead, they started with the dominant parts of a composition, such as the face of a sitter. In that case, a temporary halo can provide the essential tonal reference to anticipate the chromatic impact of the final dark colored background on the adjacent delicate carnations. In particular, we attempt to clarify the prevalence of dark halos as a response to optical effects such as ‘simultaneous contrast’ and ‘the crispening effect’, described in literature only centuries later. As such, the recently termed ‘ring condition’ can be seen as the present-day equivalent of the ‘halo solution’ that was seemingly empirically or intuitively developed by 17th -century artists. Modern optics proves that by laying a black ring around a target color, the optical impact of a surrounding color can be efficiently neutralized. Finally, by delving into works by Michael Sweerts, it becomes clear that resourceful artists might have adapted the halo technique and the underlying principles to their individual challenges, such as dealing with differently colored grounds.
Effects of Aquaculture on the Shallow Lake Aquatic Ecological Environment of Lake Datong, China
Authors: Hu Wen , Li Chun-hua , Ye Chun , Chen Hong-sen , Liu Xiao-shou , Xu Jun , Dong Xu-hui , Li Deliang
Published: September 2021

Background: Lake Datong has undergone several stages of aquaculture from 1980 to 2017, with a rapid increase in fish production and inorganic fertilizer supplementation at every stage. Its water quality has been deteriorating since the introduction of aquaculture. The major pollutants are total phosphorus and total nitrogen, and the lake displays moderate eutrophication. In the present study, we used historical hydrobiont data, diatom inferred-total phosphorous (DI-TP) data, and an Ecopath model to explore the effects of aquaculture on the shallow lake aquatic ecological environment.Results: According to the DI-TP data, before 1930, Lake Datong was in a mesotrophic state (50–60 μg/L DI-TP). Between 1930 and 1980, the number of nutrient-tolerant species increased slightly, which indicates an increase in nutrient enrichment in the lake (66–83 μg/L DI-TP). From the 1980s to 2010 and especially since 2000, eutrophication increased rapidly, with eutrophic species dominating the diatom assemblage. The annual average DI-TP concentration was 202 μg/L. After 2010, the nutritional level dropped to 127–152 μg/L DI-TP. In 2019, consumer biomass in Lake Datong was relatively low, and biomass of submerged hydrophytes was relatively high, indicating that a high amount of primary produce could not be exploited by consumers and therefore, could not enter the food web. This led to reduction in the energy transfer efficiency (TE) of the ecosystem. Therefore, aquatic ecology management plans ought to be formulated in future, with focus on removing macrophytes, stocking herbivorous and omnivorous fish.Conclusions: Lake Datong has experienced four stages of nutritional succession following the introduction of aquaculture activities. Its aquatic ecological environment has experienced dramatic changes in the composition and biomass of its aquatic life. The Ecopath model illustrated the instability of the lake’s ecological environment. Owing to low consumer biomass and high submerged macrophyte biomass, a substantial quantity of primary produce remained unused by consumers. It was therefore, unable to enter the food web and led to reduction in the energy TE of the ecosystem. Our results provide important reference values and theoretical support for decision-makers and stakeholders in the subsequent management of similar shallow lake water ecosystems.
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH COOPERATION: THE GRAVE NEGLECT OF GLOBAL HEALTH COOPERATION & THE RISE SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME - COVID19 PANDEMIC CASE STUDY
Authors: Kamil Idris Dahd
Published: September 2021

International relations is truly the manner in which inter-state interactions take place, the behaviour by which they concern each other with issues that touch economic performance, political alignments and social cultural relations. However, it is more than that. In order to clearly understand these inter-state relations, one must truly look at the state cooperation or lack thereof. This paper sets the scene for the concept of global health by identifying the link between the concept and international relations. The insight into the need of health impact assessment is reviewed in the international relations where the key assumption is that issues of global health are ignored in international relations. There is hence the review of impact that the incorporation of global health issues can have in international diplomacy. The aim of this study is to stress the great amount of negligence that exists within the world of International cooperation in the field of Global Health. Global health cooperation is more important than ever. The International response to Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the lack of transparency within Global Cooperation, and interstate relations were examined in this study. The clear observation of military expenditure rises, and the extreme lack of financial redirection against states during times COVID-19 is seen. The lack of compassion from governmental and medical institutions in vulnerable states is also demonstrated. This research was undertaken in a form of Case studies in order to demonstrate the real time results and impacts on often quickly dismissed states. 3 One conclusion is the unpreparedness in terms of response in many countries it suggested the need for improved International Health Regulations. Governmental efforts, alongside community based initiatives and contributions towards health care maintenance have been taken into consideration. The issue lies in the neglect of other aspects of Health especially in times of crises. In my view, the term Â“Global HealthÂ” is widely misunderstood and misrepresented. The context within Global Health may arise from different political backgrounds and focused on different disciplinary principles. It requires a certain capability to deal with heterogeneous ideas in macro, micro, and behavioral economics sociology, political science, international affairs, and public policy. Global health will necessitate moving beyond simple health advocacy in order to be fully comprehended. By contrasting different state responses to COVID-19 outbreaks, in hopes to prevent spreading, setting a precedent for populations, health managers, and leaders around the world on how to plan for, track, and respond to possible outbreaks. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were used to compare outbreak preparedness and management strategies for this report.
UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC) AND ROLE OF UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Authors:   Student of Law, University of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh., Yadav Shubham
Published: September 2021

Man is a creator and molder of his environment which vests him with physical sustenance and affords him an opportunity for overall growth and development. Development is a perpetual process enabling a man to realize his potentialities to achieve his targets by exploiting natureÂ’s resources. Sustainability is a pattern of socio structural economic transformation which optimizes the benefits without compromising or jeopardizing the interest and potentiality of future generations but ensuring the evolution of a common principle so that human beings can survive for a long time with the natural environment. People are one of nationÂ’s greatest resources for enforcement of environment laws and regulations are intimately related to the natural attributes as citizens are omnipresent, motivated and interested in environment quality. But at present time advanced use of science and technology or of manufacturing process has disturbed the ecological balance. Since 1972 many attempt has been made to reconcile this imbalance. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was an attempt to bring both these elements i.e. use of technology and maintenance of ecological fairness together and try to tackle the issues of sustainable development, environment degradation and climate change effectively. The UNFCCC was an idea which caused all the countries of the world to come together and look for a solution to this world problem. In this paper it has been attempted to understand the effectiveness of UNFCCC with respect to role of United States of America. The author has mentioned two particular conferences of parties which were proved to be two milestone steps for protecting our environment under international legal regime.
EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF DEMINERALIZED FREEZE DRIED BONE ALLOGRAFT WITH AND WITHOUT PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN IN THE TREATMENT OF INTRABONY DEFECTS BY CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: A CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors:   MDS Senior Lecturer, Dept Of Periodontics, Lenora Institute Of Dental Sciences, Rajhamundry. Andhra Pradesh, India., Ravi Kiran Sunkavilli , Aijaz Ahmed Mohd ,   MDS Senior Lecturer, Dept Of Periodontics, Lenora Institute Of Dental Sciences, Rajhamundry. Andhra Pradesh, India., Bammidi Niharika ,   MDS Senior Lecturer, Dept Of Periodontics, Lenora Institute Of Dental Sciences, Rajhamundry. Andhra Pradesh, India., Karnam Yudheera ,   MDS Senior Lecturer, Dept Of Periodontics, Lenora Institute Of Dental Sciences, Rajhamundry. Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: September 2021

Background: Eventhough the combination of DFDBA (demineralized freeze dried bone allograft) with PRF (platelet-rich fibrin) has been attempted in periodontal practice with significant results, assessment of the intrabony defect and defect bone fill largely done with two-dimensional imaging modalities. Three dimentional analysis of the intrabony defect and defect bone fill has not been attempted with cone beam computer tomography (CBCT). The present study evaluated the efficacy of DFDBA with and without PRF in the treatment ofintrabony defects by CBCT. Methods: 60 defects in systemically healthy patients ranging from 18 to 50 years of age will be included in the study.30 defects were treated with PRF+DFDBA and 30 defects were treated with DFDBA alone. The study will include the assessment of clinical parameters involving probing depth (PD), relative attachment level(RAL), full mouth bleeding scores(FMBS),plaque index and gingival index from baseline to 3 , 6, 9 months. Hard tissue changes will be assessed radiographically by evaluating defect fill and defect resolution by CBCT at baseline& 9 months. Results: The results of the present study are statistically significant in both groups in terms of clinical and radiographical parameters (P < 0.001). In inter-group comparison, there was a statistically significant greater PD reduction and attachment gain while there was not significant reduction in terms of PI, GI, FMBS, defect fill and defect resolution in DFDBA+ PRF group. Conclusion: DFDBA along with PRF failed to provide additional value in terms of defect fill and defect resolution over DFDBA alone.
Changes in noradrenaline and dopamine levels under oxygen debt conditions in the brain of rats during experimental acute pancreatitis
Authors: MARKIEWICZ-GOSPODAREK AGNIESZKA , ŁUSZCZEWSKA-SIERAKOWSKA IWONA , KUSZTA PIOTR , KOPIENIAK MARCIN , RADZIKOWSKA-BÜCHNER ELŻBIETA
Published: September 2021

This study’s aim was to assess the level of catecholamines, i.e., noradrenaline and dopamine, under oxygen debt conditions in the brain of experimental animals in which acute pancreatitis was experimentally induced. Catecholamines play the role of neurotransmitters and neuromediators. They are responsible for the regulation of motor and emotional processes, take part in the regulation of hormonal activities, sleep, wakefulness, concentration, attention, and learning processes. The experiment also determined the oxygen tension as an indicator of respiratory failure and the activity of amylase and lipase in the development of the inflammatory process. The animals on which the experiment was conducted were Wistar rats (140 animals) divided into 3 research groups: control (C) animals (n = 30), healthy (H) animals (n = 30), and operated (O) animals (n = 80). The determination of amylase, lipase, oxygen pressure, NA, and DO levels were performed at hours 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 of the experiment. The animals in group C had an injection needle inserted to investigate only the effects of mechanical damage to the organs. On the other hand, the animals in group O had a 5% solution of sodium taurocholate introduced into the common bile-pancreatic duct. The research conducted shows that the most significant changes in NA and DO levels were observed on the first day of the experiment. The concentrations of the above catecholamines were statistically significantly correlated with the level of amylase in the blood. The peak of dopamine was observed between the 6th and 12th hours of the experiment, while the lowest concentration of noradrenaline was observed at the 6th hour of the experiment.
Herbs and phytogenic feed additives in poultry nutrition
Authors: MAKAŁA HALINA
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to review the results of scientific research on the effect of herbs and phytogenic feed additives used in poultry nutrition on animal welfare, breeding conditions, and the quality of meat. The article explains the importance of feed additives used in poultry nutrition. It discusses the role of herbs and phytogenic feed additives in nutrition in the context of the increasing demand for and consumption of poultry meat. The article also analyzes the influence of herbs and phytogenic feed additives on animal welfare, rearing conditions, and meat quality. The results of research on the effect of herbs and phytogenic feed additives used in poultry nutrition are not unequivocal. In view of the high demand for poultry meat, there is need for continued research on the optimal composition of herbal mixtures in nutrition to obtain good breeding conditions and high quality meat.
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its threats to humans and animals
Authors: KANIA BOGDAN FELIKS , GROMNY ALDONA
Published: September 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in November 2019. COVID-19 has caused more than 4 million deaths worldwide. In addition to death, SARS-CoV-2 can cause many negative health consequences in humans. Physical as well as mental health is at stake. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are a tool in the fight against the pandemic. Moreover, experimental studies indicate that various species of animals can become infected with the virus. Breeding minks can become infected symptomatically and spread the virus to the environment, thus constituting a virus reservoir. Mink farms positive for SARS-CoV-2 are hazardous and ought to be euthanized.
Basics of high throughput sequencing Summary
Authors: GIZA ALEKSANDRA , IWAN EWELINA , BOMBA ARKADIUSZ , WASYL DARIUSZ
Published: September 2021

Sequencing can provide genomic characterisation of a specific organism, as well as of a whole environmental or clinical sample. High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) makes it possible to generate an enormous amount of genomic data at gradually decreasing costs and almost in real-time. HTS is used, among others, in medicine, veterinary medicine, microbiology, virology and epidemiology. The paper presents practical aspects of the HTS technology. It describes generations of sequencing, which vary in throughput, read length, accuracy and costs ̶ and thus are used for different applications. The stages of HTS, as well as their purposes and pitfalls, are presented: extraction of the genetic material, library preparation, sequencing and data processing. For success of the whole process, all stages need to follow strict quality control measurements. Choosing the right sequencing platform, proper sample and library preparation procedures, as well as adequate bioinformatic tools are crucial for high quality results.
Examining equity in an elementary school computer science intervention using component-based research
Authors: Ferris Kaitlyn , Century Jeanne , Zuo Huifang
Published: September 2021

This article reports on implementation of a problem-based learning intervention developed with the intention of finding time for computer science (CS) in the elementary school day. This study investigated differences in effects on students in particular socio-demographic groups using a quasi-experimental design. We first provide an overview of the perennial problem of group differences or “gaps” in student outcomes. Then we illustrate how, using component-based research (CBR), we moved beyond the question of whether the intervention worked, to focus on which parts of the intervention worked, for whom, and under what conditions. Using hierarchical linear modeling, this study draws from a sample of 16 elementary schools with 321 teachers and 5791 students in Broward County, Florida, the sixth largest school system in the United States. This study complements a previous paper (Authors, 2020), which examined associations between intervention components and student outcomes by investigating how outcomes differ for students in different socio-demographic groups and whether the presence of particular intervention components amplify or reduce differences. Through CBR, our work illustrates that CS interventions which may appear to benefit students overall, may be less beneficial or even detrimental to particular groups.
Use Hopscotch to Develop Positive Attitudes Toward Programming For Elementary School Students
Authors: Wang Jiahui
Published: September 2021

With the advancement in technology and the emphasis on computer science education, there has been a strong push for more widespread programming instruction at K-12 and higher education levels. Existing research has mostly focused on students at the secondary and post-secondary levels. Little work has involved students at the elementary school age, which has been considered a critical age to cultivate an interest in programming. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of a block-based programming interface (e.g., Hopscotch) on elementary school students’ attitudes toward programming. In this study, eighteen elementary school students in 4th -5th grades participated in a programming curriculum for about seven weeks in the US. A survey on attitude toward programming was distributed before and after the curriculum, to explore the change in attitudes toward programming. Students’ perception toward the block-based programming interface (e.g., Hopscotch) was also examined after the curricular activities. Students’ activities in lessons and artifacts from the culminating project were observed. The findings indicated that elementary school students had a positive perception of programming in the block-based programming interface. Also, the block-based programming activities contributed to more positive attitudes toward programming. Implications and limitations of the study were discussed.
Examination of the Transitions between Modal Representations in Coding Training
Authors: Abdüsselam Mustafa Serkan , Turan-Güntepe Ebru
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the perceptions of undergraduates, who are receiving coding training in a faculty of education, on modal representations employed in the training process and identify their transition skills between representations. The research used the quantity search method, non-experimental design, and descriptive search models, calculating the obtained data frequencies by numerical analysis. The study was carried out with the participation of 58 undergraduates in the Computer and Instructional Technology Department of an education faculty in the 2018-2019 academic year. The representational skill-testing used in the study consists of 12 open-ended questions developed by the researchers. The reliability of the test was calculated as .96 with the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient value. Transitions between the representation of mathematics, verbal, flowchart, and code were rankly listed in the test, which was applied in a single session. The obtained data were scored with a grading key and undergraduate achievement was assessed according to the transition between representations. The analysis has revealed that representation transition skills may differ from each other and that coding training, which takes into account these transition skills, should be carried out with flow chart, verbal, mathematical and ultimately code representations, respectively.
Assessment of Eighth Grade Students' Domain-General Computational Thinking Skills
Authors: Karalar Halit , Alpaslan Muhammet Mustafa
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the domain-general CT skills of 8th grade students in Turkey. In the study, first, the domain-general CT scale was adapted to Turkish and then, the CT skills of the students were examined. This survey research was conducted with the 284 eighth grade students. The data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis, independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation test. The results of the validity and reliability tests showed that the domain-general CT scale was suitable for Turkish culture. T-test results showed no significant difference in the CT skills of the students according to gender, having a computer and internet access at home. A statistically significant difference in algorithm, evaluation, generalization, and general CT skills was found between students who learned programming and those who did not in favor of students learning programming. Correlational tests revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the programming experience of students who learn programming and their CT skills. As students' programming experience increased, their CT skills also increased. The results of the research were discussed, and recommendations for policy-makers and implementers were included.
Drug-Induced QTc Prolongation: What We Know and Where We Are Going
Authors: Mangona Erinn , Sandonato Elisa , Brothers Todd N. , Pawasauskas Jayne
Published: September 2021

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Drug-induced QTc prolongation is a concerning electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality.
This cardiac disturbance carries a 10% risk of sudden cardiac death due to the malignant arrhythmia,
Torsades de Pointes. The Arizona Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics
(AzCERT) has classified QTc prolonging therapeutic classes, such as antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics,
anti-infectives, and others. AzCERT criteria categorize medications into three risk categories:
“known,” “possible,” and “conditional risk” of QTc prolongation and Torsades de Pointes.
The list of QTc prolonging medications continues to expand as new drug classes are approved and
studied. Risk factors for QTc prolongation can be delineated into modifiable or non-modifiable. A
validated risk scoring tool may be utilized to predict the likelihood of prolongation in patients receiving
AzCERT classified medication. The resultant risk score may be applied to a clinical decision
support system, which offers mitigation strategies. Mitigation strategies including discontinuation
of possible offending agents with a selection of an alternative agent, assessment of potential
drug interactions or dose adjustments through pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic monitoring,
and initiation of both ECG and electrolyte monitoring are essential to prevent a drug-induced arrhythmia.
The challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic have led to the development of innovative
continuous monitoring technology, increasing protection for both patients and healthcare
workers. Early intervention strategies may reduce adverse events and improve clinical outcomes in
patients identified to be at risk of QTc prolongation.
The Origin of Kinship Politics in 2020 Regional Elections in Sleman Regency
Authors: Gunawan Tedi
Published: September 2021

On December 9, 2020, The Sleman Regional Head Election was won by the Kustini-Danang pair. The victory of Kustini (wife of Sri Purnomo, the incumbent Regent) is referred to as part of kinship politics. Kinship politics is understood as an attempt to perpetuate power, in this case, Sri Purnomo's power. Sri Purnomo itself is the Regent of Sleman who is famous for his political superiority, which is shown by winning two consecutive terms. This study aims to capture the local political phenomenon in Sleman by identifying the political contestation in the 2020 Regional Head Election from a socio-historical and some political momentum that occurred during the Sri Purnomo regime. To further explore the phenomenon of kinship politics in Sleman Regency, this study used a qualitative approach and used two main data search methods: primary data and secondary data. The results showed that Sri Purnomo has high superiority in his leadership. Sri Purnomo transformed into a local strongman with the support of some local elite networks he had built. As the local strongmen, he formed political alliances that had high loyalty based on patron-client relationships. In the end, by presenting his wife, Kustini Sri Purnomo as his successor, it shows that the politics of kinship are nothing more than an extension of the hand to continue Sri Purnomo's power.