bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
True Stress and Shakedown Analysis of Pressure Vessel which under Cyclic Loading to Plastic Deformation
Authors: Jia Xiao Liang , Zhang Yi Liang , Wang Jing , Wang Chun Bo
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study is to discuss the plastic shakedown and true stress of the cyclically loaded pressure vessel. A thin-walled cylinder pressure vessel is made according to actual working state and a water pressure test system is built. The vessel is loaded to different strain levels of plastic deformation first. Then it is loaded cyclically to shakedown state. The relationship between plastic strain and shakedown range is given based on numerous experiments. The constitutive model of the true stress-true strain of the vessel is obtained. The experimental results show that the ratcheting obviously occurred when the vessel is cyclically loaded to plastic deformation. The true stress-strain constitutive model which is presented in this paper can show appropriately the constitutive relation of the vessel when it is under multi-axial stress state. The application of uniaxial shakedown constitutive model has been demonstrated in this study.
Free Software for the Detection of Structures in Breast Images
Authors: Campello de Magalhães Roger , Rodrigues Silvia Cristina Martini , da Silva Márcia Aparecida Bissaco , Kawamoto Luiz Teruo , da Silva Alessandro Pereira
Published: June 2014

The use of mammography as a method for the early detection of breast cancer reduces mortality from it. To aid in the diagnosis there are several free image processing software with the purpose of extracting characteristics such as microcalcification, nodules or edges of important structures. The objective of this study is to indicate which filters are best to aid in the processing of the images in three of these free software. The free software ImageJ, ImageTool and Mipav were used for the processing of 60 mammographic images from the Mini-MIAS database focusing the mean, median and Gaussian filters. The Haralick descriptors (second angular moment, contrast, entropy and correlation) and difference of values of gray levels (standard deviation, mean, minimum and maximum) were extracted from the resulting images. Then the results were compared taking into consideration the purpose of the processing. It was observed that it's best to use the mean and median filters from the Mipav software if the purpose of the processing is to leave the images with higher contrast levels. However, if the purpose is to obtain higher entropy levels, the ImageTool software should be used. It was also observed a similar processing time among the three software. The filter choice will depend on the type of noise to be removed from the image. For "Salt and Pepper" noise the mean filter should be used, while for the impulsive noise, the median one should be used. The results allowed the conclusion that the choice of the software to perform the processing of the mammographic images depends on the purpose of the processing application, if it's to increase the contrast in the image or if it's to extract other characteristics of diagnostic interest.
The Approach for Dose-Effect Relationship of TCM Research Based the Overall Effect of Metabonomics
Authors: Zhang Qi Yun , Li Jia , Li Bing Tao , Fu Jian Jiang , Yu Ri Yue , Xu Guo Liang
Published: June 2014

In this paper, PCA combined with Mass Profiler Professional (MPP) bioinformatics software were used to build the dose-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine which based on the overall effect of metabonomics. The dataset from Da Cheng Qi Decoction (DCQD) water extract administrated rats plasma collected by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and used to demonstrate this method. The approach was confirmed to be an effective and time-saving tool for describing the dose-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine.
The Influence of FDI on the Market Structure of the Port Industry
Authors: Wu Rong , Tu Min
Published: June 2014

To study the influence of foreign direct investment on market structure, the paper presented a regression model based on the relevant time series data of foreign direct investment stock on the market structure of ports in China during the period of 1991 to 2011. By Cointegration Granger causality testing of foreign direct investment stock and market concentration of the Chinese port industry, we find significant influence of foreign direct investment on the market concentration of the port industry. At the same time while the inflows of FDI increase market concentration, they also further diversify the concentration and increased competition in the port regions studied.
Research on Hole Making Mechanism of High Pressure Hydraulic Perforation
Authors: Li Hai Cheng , Zhang Xu Jing , Liang Fu Min
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we integrated use hydraulics, seepage flow mechanics, rock mechanics, and finite element simulation analysis and other methods to study the rock fragmentation mechanism of high pressure water jet. We make tensile stress - crack expansion comprehensive rock fragmentation model for the screw drilling of high pressure water jet. We make finite element simulation according to the mechanism of integrated model of high pressure water jet process, to analysis the internal rock stress distribution and external rock stress distribution of the fluid, and come to the reasonable number of high-pressure water jet nozzle hole. It is verified by the high pressure water jet breaking rock inside experiments of tensile stress - comprehensive rock fragmentation fracture expansion model, summarizes the law of high pressure water jet breaking rock, and we get to know reasonable drilling mode of the high pressure water jet is screw drilling with pitch of 120mm.
At present there are two main types of the micro mechanism of the high pressure water jet. One is stress and tensile damage, because of the action produced by stress wave of the high pressure water jet impacting on rock, which mainly makes the tensile failure of rock; another one is crack expansion damage, under the effect of quasi static pressure radiation of water jet, the coupling effect between water shooting jet and rock pore skeleton, which make the rock pore, throat, and micro cracks expanding gradually, eventually the macro damage.
Studies of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Meta-Xylylenediamine-Aniline System
Authors: Wang Xiao Hong
Published: June 2014

The saturated vapor pressures of m-xylylenediamine (MXDA) were measured with the static method at the temperatures between 150-180°C, and the Antoine parameters of MXDA were regressed. The Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) data of aniline-MXDA system at pressure of 4 kPa were determined. The VLE data were tested by the integral method proposed by Herington and showed to meet thermodynamic consistency. Wilson Equation was used to correlate the experimental data and the model parameters were determined. The calculated data from Wilson Equation agreed well with the experimental data of the above binary system.
Orthogonal Investigation of Influencing Factors on the Modification of Montmorillonite by THPC in Acid Conditions
Authors: Chen Pan , Wang Jin Cheng
Published: June 2014

Na-MMT was modified with quaternary phosphonium salts, tetramethylolphosphonium chloride (THPC), via ion-exchange reactions, in acid conditions. Different factors such as reaction time , reaction temperature, the types of solvent, and CEC ratios, were investigated using orthogonal test. Results showed that the best combination of these four factors were A1B3C1D1, that is, the type of the solvent was acetone and water (1:1), reaction time was 3h, CEC ratio was 1:1, and the reaction temperature was 80°C.
Deep Cryogenic Treatment and CrN Coating Effects on Micro-Scale Abrasion of Aluminum Alloy AA 6101-T4
Authors: Ashiuchi Edgar S. , Steier Volker F. , Silva Cosme Roberto Moreira , Barbosa Tales D. , Melo Tiago F.O. , Araújo Jsé A.
Published: June 2014

The endurance of components made of aluminum and aluminum alloys is often limited by their low yield strength and by their low wear resistance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of different methods that can improve wear resistance of aluminum alloys. As a first approach, a highly wear resistant chromium nitrite layer was deposited by plasma vapor deposition on the surface of the aluminum alloy AA 6101-T4. In the second method, an ultra-deep cryogenic treatment was selected. Both methods have been previously used to improve the wear resistance of other harder substrate materials, like tool steel. To investigate the impact of the two methods on the wear resistance of such alloy, micro abrasive wear tests were carried out and an analysis based on the Archard’s law was considered. The results showed a decrease of the wear rate by 29% and 26% for the coated and for the cryogenically treated specimens, respectively, when compared to the as received material. The work also investigated the performance of three different methods (Allsopp, Double Intercept and Polynomial AT) usually considered to calculate the wear rate of coated samples. The three methods presented similar measures of wear rate for the substrate and for the coating
Hydrophobicity of Beeswax-Chitosan Latex Coated Paper
Authors: Zhang Wei Wei , Qian Li Ying , Xiao Hui Ning
Published: June 2014

Both water repellency and water vapour barrier properties were endowed at paper surface by coating with beeswax-chitosan latex. It was found that the water vapour transmission rate of coated paper decreased as the drying temperature increased. However, water contact angle was not affected with it. Although the surface morphology deformed at high drying temperature, the roughness values maintained at micro-scale. Further analysis indicated that the water vapour barrier property of coated paper was influenced by the density of the coating layer.
Corrosion Resistance of Three 316 Stainless Steels
Authors: Lu Jan Shu , Lu Qin Song , Xue Jin
Published: June 2014

316L stainless steel is a well known advanced material for its good corrosion resistance in many aggressive situations. As the quality of different manufacturer of the stainless steel may vary in some degree, this paper studied the corrosion resistances of three 316L stainless steels which supplied by three manufacturers. The results show that the difference of the corrosion rates of the three 316L stainless steels in 5% H2SO4 or 3.5%NaCl solutions is one time in quantity. The reasons for the difference can be explained by compositional and metallographic factors.
Optical Interferometric Technique for Induced Strain Ferroelectric Loop Study at Low Frequency
Authors: Somwan Siripong , Chirapatpimol Khem , Limpichaipanit Apichart , Chokethawai Komsanti , Ngamjarurojana Athipong
Published: June 2014

Michelson interferometric technique was modified in the setup and used to measure very small changes in optical path length for electric field induced-strain phenomena. Induced-strain is established in the sample when the beam of light propagating through the sample surface undergoes a shift in phase, which in turn leads to a change in the intensity of the interference pattern formed where the reference and probing beams recombine. In this work the electric field induced-strain was measured as a function of electric field (s-E loop) and polarization (s-P loop) of PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) and 0.7PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.3PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (0.7PMN-0.3PZT) ceramics, which showed electrostrictive (quadratic shape curve) and piezoelectric (butterfly shape curve) behavior at various frequency (0.01-1Hz).
The Corrosion Behavior of Cu-Ni-Si Alloy in Sea Water with Deep-Sea Bacteria
Authors: Shen Yuan Yuan , Zhang Li , Dong Li Hua , Liu Tao , Lei Qian , Li Zhou
Published: June 2014

The corrosion behavior of Cu-Ni-Si alloy exposed to a nutrient-rich simulated seawater-based nutrient-rich medium in the presence of a deep-sea bacterial (Erythrobacter pelagi sp.nov) was investigated by metallographic microstructure observation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. It was demonstrated that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) and the resistance of oxide film (Rf) dramatically increased within 2 days then gradually decrease and becoming stable because of an patchy or blotchy biofilm formed on the surface of the alloy.
Corrosion Performance of Medical Titanium Alloy with Different Surface Morphology
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Song Ying , Liu Bin , Li Ming Xin , Lin Qian Qian , Wang Jin Qing
Published: June 2014

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variation of surface morphology of titanium alloy after sand blasting with different particle sizes of Al2O3 sand and acid etching, and its corrosion resistance property. [Methods] The surfaces of titanium alloy were first treated with the different sands and then acid etched with mixture of 18% HCl and 48% H2SO4. The morphology of samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The potentiodynamic polarization curves of the various surfaces were obtained by electrochemical workstation (CHI 660E) in simulated body fluid (SBF). [Results and conclusions] It is observed that pore sizes on surface increases with the increase of sand grain diameter while there is no obvious change after acid etching. After sand blasting and acid etching, the corrosion resistance of titanium alloy was improved. However, as the pore size of the surface increases, the corrosion resistance gradually degrades and this becomes even more obvious after acid etching. The investigation of the corrosion rate indicates there is an increasing trend with the emergence of small pores.
Grade E550 Heavy Steel Plate by TMCP for Offshore Energy Exploration
Authors: Sun Wei Hua , Bi Zhi Chao
Published: June 2014

This paper introduces the study and production on steel plate of Grade E550 in60mm thick by Thermo-mechanical processing (TMCP) and tempering for offshoreinfrastructure purpose. The steel plate obtained high strength and goodtoughness in both the base materials and the weld joints. Microstructure and precipitation characteristicswere examined in the plate is comprised of bainite with a small amount ofpre-eutectoid ferrite. Parallel arranged lath bainite characterizes thebainitic structure with high density of dislocations and precipitates. Carbides MxCy averaging 200nm indimension and MC type Carbonitrides in several nano to a dozen nano carbidesdistribute in the bainite ferrite and the bainte lath interfaces. Compatiblemechanical properties were achieved at welded joint. Microstructures were analysed in the welding heataffected zone (HAZ).
Preparation of Crystalline Hematite from Bauxite
Authors: Liu Juan , Jiang Qian Qian , Wang Jing , Chen Li , Wang Xing Yao
Published: June 2014

A novel of hydrothermal stripping technique is developed to synthesize nano-particles of ferric oxide from iron-loaded organic phase by ammonia. The iron-loaded organic phase was prepared by extracting simulated bauxite hydrochloric acid leaching liquors with N235 and then the iron is stripped by heating the organic phase up to 180°C to precipitate as ferric oxide. XRD patterns exhibits that the ferric oxide is composed of α-Fe2O3 and TEM images reveals that the particles of crystalline hematite powders are homogenous with quasi-spherical fine crystallites and its primary particles are about 150 nm. This process is a proof of concept for the removal and precipitation of iron from bauxite hydrochloric acid leaching liquors.
The Effect of Heat Treatment of Gray and Nodular Cast Iron with Ferrite Matrix on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Rate Compared with Medium Carbon Steel
Authors: Gebril Mohamed A. , Aldlemey M.S. , Haider Farag I.
Published: June 2014

In this work, the influence of heat treatment process and quenching in different quenchant media of medium carbon steel, gray and nodular cast iron with ferrite matrix on the hardness, ductility and corrosion rate of has been investigated. During this type of operations, the specimens were Austenizing at 900°C for one hour. Therefore, the specimens were quenched in different kind of oil as quenched medium (oil 20-50, oil 40, oil 90, and water as reference). The hardness , impact energy to measure the ductility, corrosion rate and microstructures were studied. From result of steel 0.47% carbon was clear increasing in hardness and decreasing in ductility with close varying values in oil quenchant kind comparing with as received specimen and water quenched one, corrosion rate decreased with heat treatment and quenching process due to formation of single face instead of double phase before heat treatment process which created galvanic cell. For gray and nodular cast iron it is noticeable that no changing in microstructure within heating for one hour at 900°C because the matrix in both cast iron types is ferrite, therefore no changing in mechanical properties under heat treatment process with time of one hour which is not sufficient to decomposition of graphite, but with comparison the hardness of gray cast iron is more than nodular one due to distribution of graphite flacks which increase the hardness and decrease the ductility as well as increasesing the corrosion rate compared with nodular cast iron. Microstructure of both types of cast iron have been studied after subjected the specimens to heat treatment at 1000°C and for 10 hours, the microstructures shown clear diffusion of some carbon in ferrite matrix around the graphite phase and under quenched some of martensite formed.
The Oxide Defect of C70250 Alloy
Authors: Chen Zhong Ping , Xiang Chao Jian , Li Hua Qing
Published: June 2014

The oxide skin defect during hot rolling process for Cu-Ni-Si alloy strip was investigated. Oxide skin defects were analyzed by means of alloy elements detection and microstructures characterization. The characterization and test results showed that high temperature oxidation and silicon segregation are the main causes of the oxide skin defect. Pilot scale tests indicated that hot processing temperature for C70250 alloy should be lower than 950°C. Reducing atmosphere is recommended during the thermal treatment of Cu-Ni-Si alloys.
A Study on Austenite Catalytic Cryogenic Treatment of Cr-W-Mo-V High Alloy Medium-Upper Carbon Steel
Authors: Ma Yong Qing , Zhang Xiao Jing , Liang Yu Fen , Liu Guo Fang
Published: June 2014

The processing of austenite catalytic cryogenic treatment of two components of Cr-W-Mo-V high alloy medium-upper carbon steels and the effect on the retained austenite transformation and tempering hardness were studied in this paper. The results show that, the effect of austenite catalytic cryogenic treatment of Cr-W-Mo-V high alloy medium-upper carbon steel is better than that of direct cryogenic treatment after quenching, and the content of residual austenite reduced to below 5%, and the hardness improved by 1.5HRC than that of conventional quenching and tempering. The retained austenite catalytic temperature of Cr-W-Mo-V high alloy medium-upper carbon steel merely is higher than 10°C~20°C of the temperature for the highest tempering hardness. Catalytic temperature Tc can be determined by experimental method of conventional quenching and tempering of the steel, in which the microstructure feature is precipitation of M3C carbide particle of 0.01μm~0.03μm in martensite matrix, and the content of retained austenite decreases evidently. By cryogenic treatment after the austenite catalyzed the retained austenite of quenching are transformed into more martensite, and in the subsequent tempering processing the original quenching martensite and the martensite from retained austenite transformation almost will form synchronous precipitation hardening. Thus the tempering hardness improves evidently as well.
Effect of Forging Process on V-Nb-Ti Microalloyed Non-Quenched and Tempered Steels
Authors: Man Ting Hui , Gao Peng , He Yi Gui , Zhan Zhao Lin , Tan Li , Bao Yao Zong
Published: June 2014

The effect of forging process on microstructure and performance of V-Ti, V-Nb-Ti non-quenched and tempered microalloying steel was investigated in this study. By comparing the characteristics between V-Ti and V-Nb-Ti microalloyed non-quenched and tempered steels by the forging process,the machinsm of micro-alloy technology and forging process for dynamic recrystallization and microstructure refinement was investigated. It revealed that addition of Nb in micro-alloying steel can increase significantly non-recrystallization temperature during forging process, and enhance the V (C, N) precipitation strengthening effect of V-Ti microalloyed non-quenched and tempered steels. V-Nb-Ti microalloying technology and controlling forging temperature in non-recrystallization region, can refine grain size, promote proeutectoid ferrite emerging and pearlite morphology alienating. By controlling final forging temperature in non-recrystallization region, the strength and toughness of V-Nb-Ti micro-alloy non-quenched and tempered steels can be improved.
Effect of Temperature on the Ti-Fe Alloy Prepared by Molten Salt Electrolysis
Authors: Shi Rui Meng , Bao Long Fei , Zhang Bo
Published: June 2014

Ti-Fe alloy was prepared by electroanalysis using titanium concentrate as the cathode at 3.1V in CaCl2 molten salt. The temperature is respectively 850°C and 900°C. The comparison of the results under different temperature shows that the temperature has a significant influence on the diffusion process and the electrolytic products. At 850 °C, the final electrolytic product is the TiFe2 and Ti discrete ball-type structure with the particle size of 1 μm, while at 900 °C the final product is the TiFe space net structure with the particle size of 3 μm.
Dielectric and Ferroelectric Behavior in 8/40/60 PLZT Ceramics
Authors: Chumprasert Ladapak , Chirapatpimol Khem , Limpichaipanit Apichart , Chokethawai Komsanti , Ngamjarurojana Athipong
Published: June 2014

This paper describes the relationship between sintering time conditons, tetragonality from phase formation, dielectric and ferroelectric characteristics of tetragonal PLZT (lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate) ceramics with the pressureless sintering conditions. Ferroelectric compounds of Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.4,Ti0.6)0.98)O3, PLZT 8/40/60, were prepared using mixed-oxide synthetic route via a rapid vibro-milling method. X-ray diffraction, is used to observe the tetragonality characteristic and the presence of pyrochlore. When sintering time was increased (≥ 8 hours), pyrochlore was developed. It can be observed that with the increased sintering time, it were changed the structure and ferroelectric behavior of the PLZT ceramics.
Molar Volume of Fcc Phase in the Ni-Cr-Mo System
Authors: Li Jin Cai , Lu Xiao Gang , He Yan Lin
Published: June 2014

The molar volume of fcc phase in the Ni-Cr-Mo system has been evaluated by means of the CALPHAD approach based on experimental data from the literature. The molar volumes of the non-stable fcc Cr and Mo were determined by extrapolating volume data from several stable solid solutions combined with the first-principles calculation results. A set of parameters has been obtained and can give a reasonable description of most experimental data on molar volume.
Improvement of Paint Hardening Response of a Novel Al-Mg-Si Alloy for Automotive Panel by Adding Zn and Pre-Ageing Matching
Authors: Li Zhi Hui , Yan Li Zhen , Zhang Yong An , Li Xi Wu , Wang Feng , Liu Hong Wei , Huang Shu Hui , Xiong Bai Qing
Published: June 2014

In the present work, the microstructure and properties of a novel Al-0.90Mg-0.78Si alloy with Zn addition were investigated by electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD), high transmission electron microscopy (HREM), mechanical properties and Erichsen tests. The average grain size of the alloy after pre-ageing was about 20 μm. The yield strength and elongation of pre-aged alloy was 137 MPa and 30% respectively. The IE value of the alloy was 8.6 mm. After paint baking at 170 °C for 30 min, the increment of yield strength was about 100 MPa. GP(II) zones were formed in the alloy during paint baking process through adding Zn, which should play a very important role for improving paint hardening response. GP(II) zones and η ́ phases were formed after artificial ageing at 170 °C for 10 h.
Preparation and Optoelectronic Properties of In2O3 Microtubes
Authors: Chen Shuai , Long Yun-Ze , Zhang Hong Di , Liu Shu Liang , Liu Ling Zhi , Zhang Jun Cheng , Liu Guo Xia , Shan Fu Kai
Published: June 2014

Ultrathin indium oxide (In2O3) microtubes were successfully fabricated by electrospinning, magnetron sputtering and followed calcination. The hollow In2O3 tubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Outer diameter of the microtubes was in the range of 700-900 nm, and inner diameter was about 400-600 nm. Optoelectronic properties of the In2O3 tubes were investigated by irradiation of UV light with different wavelengths (254, 308 and 365 nm). It was found that the In2O3 microtubes had a fast and strong response to UV irradiation.
Influence of Nitrogen Atmosphere Annealing on Structural and Transport Properties of Fe1.125Te
Authors: Li Yu Jiang , Wu Zhen Ping , An Yue Hua , Wang Guo Feng , Sun Chang Long , Huang Yao Ting , Li Pei Gang , Li Ling Hong , Tang Wei Hua
Published: June 2014

Fe1.125Te alloys had been synthesized by solid state reaction methods. The effects of nitrogen annealing on Fe1.125Te lattice structure and physical properties had been studied. It was found that the lattice constants a and c increased after annealed at temperature 400~600 oC. When the temperature is above 850 oC, the size of the unit cell returns to the similar size of original samples. The step-like magnetic-thermal curves were observed after annealed at 900 oC, which is associated with two magnetic transitions. In vacuum, the transition temperatures are 122 K and 128 K, while in the nitrogen, they are 122 K and 138 K. The resistance-temperature curves indicate a semiconductor to metal transition around 69 K for N2 atmosphere.
Interface Reaction Thermodynamics of AgCuTi Brazing Filler Metal and Alumina Ceramic
Authors: Ning Hong Long , Lan Lin Feng , Wang Lei , Peng Jun Biao , Peng Zhi Jian , Ma Ju Sheng
Published: June 2014

In this work, the interface reaction between Al2O3 ceramic and Ag70.5Cu27.5Ti2 brazing filler metal at 845-860°C was investigated. Based on the data of thermodynamics and kinetics, the Gibbs free energies of the main interface reactions in the real brazing system condition were calculated. But the values of normal equilibrium reaction condition and the real interface reaction brazing system were different; and the main influential factor was the brazing temperature, and the system vacuum of brazing condition can lead the change of equilibrium constant (Kα). The results revealed that the high temperature and vacuum active brazing is a non-equilibrium interface reaction especially to titanium alloy, the vacuum and alloy liquid solution are beneficial to the brazing process, and the by-product formation of titanium-oxygen are affected by the diffusion process.
Influence of Deformation on Aging Precipitation Behavior of an Al-Cu-Mg-Si Alloy
Authors: Li Xi Wu , Xiong Bai Qing , Zhang Yong An , Zeng Yan Qi , Wang Feng , Li Zhi Hui , Liu Hong Wei , Huang Shu Hui
Published: June 2014

To meet the stringent requirements of heat-resistance products for aerospace applications, an Al-4.0Cu-1.3Mg-0.6Si alloy containing a cubic σ phase (Al5Cu6Mg2) with excellent high temperature stability was developed. Influence of deformation on aging precipitation behavior of the alloy was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that cold deformation had great effect on aging precipitation behavior in the alloy. When the alloy was processed a pre-stretching deformation before aging, the precipitation of σ phase was restrained while the S′ phase (Al2CuMg) was promoted. And the nucleation sites played an important role on them.
Workpiece Surface Integrity of GH4169 Nickel-Based Superalloy when Employing Abrasive Belt Grinding Method
Authors: Xiao Gui Jian , Huang Yun , Yang Yu Hang , Yi Hao
Published: June 2014

The use of GH4169 nickel-based superalloy for the manufacture of gas turbine engines components for aerospace/energy applications has become a routine exercise. However, components with complex designs specifications might pose manufacturing challenges especially when grinding processes are needed to enable their compliance with tight industrial standards for workpiece surface integrity. Information on grinding processes for such sensitive industrial applications is scarce. The paper reports on the influence of grinding methods/strategies on the quality and integrity of workpiece surfaces obtained after abrasive belt grinding methods on GH4169 nickel-based superalloy. The influences of grinding speed, contact pressure and oscillation frequency on surface roughness were discussed. The performance of the abrasive belt and surface topography were discussed. As a result, the maximum surface roughness of Ra is 0.072μm, and have a good performance of the abrasive belt, it could be concluded that abrasive belt grinding might be considered as a viable process for grinding aero-engine components.
Studies on Refining Effect and Process Optimization about LF
Authors: Cheng Si Long , Qi Xin Xia , Jia Qi
Published: June 2014

The refining process was investigated, it is the refining process about 100t LF refining furnace of an iron and steel group company, the refining effect was researched and systematic analyzed, by Through systematic sampling and detection to composition, slag, gas and inclusion of different refining period on LF furnace, the measures of process improvement have been proposed, to Optimization of production process and improve the quality of products.
Influence of the Mo and V Contents on Microstructure and Secondary Hardening of 6Cr6W2MoV Steel
Authors: Zhang Xiao Jing , Ma Yong Qing , Liang Yu Fen , Liu Guo Fang
Published: June 2014

The influence of Mo and V contents on the microstructure and secondary hardening of 6Cr6W2MoV steel was studied in this paper, and the process factors and the transformation mechanism of the influence results were discussed by phase equilibrium thermodynamic analysis. The results show that, the microstructure of 6Cr6W2MoV steel is uniform and thin, in which the undissolved carbide size after quenching is 0.23μm. In the heating and cooling process of the annealing, the dissolution and precipitation of M23C6↔M6C carbides transformation can be used to carbides distributing uniform refinement. Adding an overmany Mo content will lead to coarsening of carbide particles due to small amplitude of M23C6↔M6C transformation. Adding an overmany V content will appear a small of the bulk MC carbide on the crystallization, so the heterogeneity of carbides is increasing. The tempering hardness of 6Cr6W2MoV steel is 63.5HRC, and when adding an overmany Mo content the maximal hardness arrives to 65HRC. Adding Mo changes the carbide composing, it is conducive to the variety of carbides precipitation strengthening near intermediate temperature and the tempering hardness increasing. When adding an overmany V content the more MC carbide well occupy more amount of C, the tempering temperature dispersion increases too, so the tempering hardness debases deservedly and the highest hardness only reaches HRC60.5.
Two High Strength Low Alloy Steels for Offshore Application
Authors: Yang Tze Ching , Huang Ching Yuan , Cheng Ta Chien , Yu Chieh , Shiue R.K.
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this investigation is focused on two high strength low alloy steels for offshore application. TTT, CCT curves, Vickers depth profiles and microstructures of direct water quenched steels are evaluated in the experiment. Microhardness of the direct quenched surface is as high as 400 Hv, and the central region hardness of water quenched specimen is above 250 Hv. Martensite dominates the microstructure of quenched surface. In contrast, the mixture of martensite, bainite and ferrite is widely observed from the center of quenched specimen.
Numerical Simulation on Influence of Water-Cooled Stool in the Process of Unidirectional Solidification
Authors: Li Xiao Dong , Shen Ming Gang , Wu Chao
Published: June 2014

To strengthen the bottom cooling is one of the key technologies of directionally solidified ingot process. Stool cooling scheme has a significant impact on the solidification process of the ingot. The study optimizes chassis cooling scheme according to the air gap between the ingot and the stool. With multiple sets of cooling system, water-cooled stool makes the basal water cooling adapt to air gap distribution through subregional cooling of different intensity control, and be uniform with it in the longitudinal direction solidification. The paper establishes mathematical model of unidirectional solidified ingot on temperature field of conventional water-cooled stool and improved one respectively. By the aid of finite element analysis method, numerical simulation of 45t ingot with algebraic model is carried out. In order to optimize parameters of ingot unidirectional solidification, temperature fields influenced by conventional water-cooled stool and improved one in the process of unidirectional solidification are simulated. The numerical results show that the optimized chassis cooling can result in the ingot in a longitudinal uniform solidification. The numerical simulation results can provide important reference for the optimization of unidirectional solidification process.
Nonlinear Dynamic Finite Analysis of BFRP-Strengthened Masonry Structure Based on ABAQUS
Authors: Lei Zhen , Wang Yong , Qu Jun Tong
Published: June 2014

The externally bonded FRP is an effective strengthening technique, which is mainly verified through laboratory tests. In this paper, numerical analysis models were established in ABAQUS respectively based on an experimental scaled three-story confined masonry structures before and after strengthened with BFRP. Then dynamical analysis considering material nonlinearity, geometric nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity was carried out on these two models. Here, representative volume element method was used to simplify the simulation of masonry. Besides, concrete damage plasticity model was adopted to simulate the structural damage and failure process. The reliability and accuracy of nonlinear dynamic finite analysis were validated by comparing the numerical simulation results and experimental results in terms of dynamic property, displacement and acceleration response and the maximum base shear.
Numerical Investigation on Fatigue Problem of Cable Net Structure of Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
Authors: Jiang Peng
Published: June 2014

The reflector of Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is supported by cable-net structure, so that to enable its reflector surface to form a paraboloid from a sphere in real time through active control. However, such form-changing operation would lead to about 500MPa stress range for the cable-net structure. Such stress range is nearly twice as much of that defined by the relative standard. So the cable-net structure is the most critical and expendable part of FAST reflector system. So, the service life of FAST would directly depend on the residual fatigue life of its cable-net structure. The present paper would make an effort to find a more appropriate deformation strategy to decrease the stress amplitude of the cable during form-changing operation.
Study on Compressive Performances of Fiber Reinforced Mortar with the Application of Jute and PP
Authors: Yin Jun Fei , Zhang Yu , Yan Ting Ting , Qiu He
Published: June 2014

In this study, jute fibers and polypropylene fiber (PP) were added into cement-based mortar to improve their compressive strength. Results obtained have shown that the compressive strength of the motar was perfect with jute fiber of 19mm length at the fiber contents of 0.8 kg·m-3. The reinforcing mechanism of fiber in the motar was analyzed by means of comparing of the mortar compressive properties under different circumstances, and the testing results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the addition of filament in experiments.
CdS-Bentonite Sulfide Ion Sensor: pH Effect and Selectivity
Authors: Udomphan Kemawadee , Wongchaisuwat Atchana , Meesuk Ladda
Published: June 2014

Bentonite is a commercial name of a clay mineral which consists of montmorillonite as main composition. Montmorillonite is a layered silicate clay mineral in which an alumina octahedral arrangement situated between two tetrahedral of silica sheet. Substitutions of Al3+ within the lattice structure of Si4+ in tetrahedral sheet and Mg2+ for Al3+ in octahedral sheet resulted unbalanced charge in the structural units of bentonite. The charge imbalanced is compensated by exchangeable cation such as Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the interlayer spaces. Bentonite has several advantages such as ion exchange property, adsorptive property, swelling behavior and large surface area. [1]
Different Salt Solution on the Deterioration of Marine Engineering Concrete under the Action of Chemical-Mechanical Coupling
Authors: Qin Hong Gen , Deng Jia Jun , Zhang Ping , Pang Chao Ming , Hou Yi Kun
Published: June 2014

The loaded specimens were put in fresh water, 3.5%NaCl solution, 5.0%Na2SO4 solution, and simulated sea water with different concentrations respectively, and then the damage process under wetting and drying cycle was investigated. The ultrasonic non-metal testing technology, X-CT scanned image, free chloride and sulfate ions chemical titration were used to investigate the degradation of the marine concrete under the coupling effect of Chemistry and Mechanics. The effect of solutions, wetting and drying cycle and bending stress to the durability of marine concrete were further studied. The results indicate that different salt solution affects marine concrete at different degrees: sulfate salt is more corrosive than chloride salt, simulated seawater is similar to 5.0%Na2SO4 solution, while five-time simulated seawater is the most corrosive; wetting and drying cycle remarkably accelerates the penetration of corrosive ions, which results in the concrete damage, compared to the corrosive environment, concrete is damaged violently under the coupling effect of Chemistry-Mechanics and tensile stress has greater influence on the damage.
Polymer Modified Cementitious Waterproofing Coatings: Application and Problems
Authors: Yao Wei , Hu Qian Qian , Mu Yan , Chen Jian Bo , Zhao Feng Qing
Published: June 2014

Polymer modified cementitious waterproof coating is an important construction material. In this paper, starting from the classification and choice of waterproof coatings, the importance, advantages and application prospects of the polymer cement waterproof coatings were discussed. The approaches for solving the existing problems and limitations of polymer modified cementitious waterproof coatings were put forward.
Study on Engineering Characteristics of Coarse-Grained Soil Based on Large-Scale Triaxial Test
Authors: Chu Fu Yong
Published: June 2014

Using large-scale shearing device, isotropiclly consolidated-drained triaxial test under different confining pressures are performed for overburden material of ShuangJiangKou earthdam which relative density is 0.9. The engineering characteristics of coarse-grained soil such as strength and deformation is studied. The results show the peak strength of coarse-grained soil under isotropically increase with the confining pressure and there is a relationship of linear between the peak strength of coarse-grained soil and initial modulus. The volume strain value of isotropically consolidated-drained triaxial shear test increase with increase of confining pressure, and the dilatancy decrease increase with increase of confining pressure. The secant modulus Es1 and the tangent modulus Et1 obtained by the tests both increase with increase with increase of confining pressure, and the values of Es1/Ei and Et1/Ei are all smaller than one. The failure poisson ratio νif obtained by the tests both decrease with increase with increase of confining pressure, and there is a relationship of power function between νif and .
Copolymerization Kinetics of Polyetyhylenglycol Allylether Type Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer
Authors: Tian Ying Feng , Zhu Xia Ping , Deng Ya Ting , Wang Kui
Published: June 2014

The free radical copolymerization kinetics of polyethylenglycol allylether (APEG) with acrylic acid (AA) had been studied in aqueous solution through using ammonium persulfate (APS) and 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as initiators. The structure of polycarboxylate superplasticizer had been characterized by IR and 1H-NMR. The rate of copolymerization was proportional to the molar ratio of monomers (AA:APEG) to the power of 0.4405, and to the amount of initiator (1.5%APS-2%H2O2, mass ratio to monomers) to the power of 0.7819, respectively. The overall observed activation energy of copolymerization was 45.048 kJ/mol. The kinetic relationship of copolymerization reaction of APEG with AA had been established as follow: Rp∝[APEG/AA]0.4405[APS-30%H2O2]0.7819e-5418/T. The temperature and initiator were main influencing factors on polymerization reaction.
Effect of Grinding Aids on the Particles Characteristics of Cement and Analysis of Action Mechanism
Authors: Zhao Ji Hui , Wang Dong Min , Wang Xue Guang , Liao Shu Cong , Lin Hui
Published: June 2014

Effects of triethanolamine grinding aids on the angle of repose, fineness, particle morphology and particle size distribution of cement are studied, and the action mechanism of grinding aids is discussed by surface tension and Zeta potential. The results show that the powder fluidity and particle circularity of cement are improved and the particle size and grinding time of cement are effectively reduced by grinding aids. And Grinding aids improve the particles content in the range of 3-32μm particle size by 6.63% and promote destruction of the chemical bonds and lattice distortion of cement mineral during the grinding process. The dispersion grinding mechanism of grinding aids is that they can reduce the surface free energy of powder to prevent fine particles from closing each other and shield or neutralize the particles surface partial charge to prevent facture surface from healing and promoting the cracks to extend easily.
The Experimental Study on Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Structure with Different Reinforce Methods
Authors: Liu Qing Yi , Liu Xiao Mei
Published: June 2014

Three reinforcement materials with steel plate, epoxies resin sheet, and glass fiber sheet adhering to failed reinforced concrete beams (RC beams) were used to improve the bearing capacity of Reinforced Concrete beams in the paper. The test results shows all the three materials were proved satisfied with bearing capacity increasing request. Strengthening effects with steel plate and epoxies resin sheet were more obvious.
Preparation of Uniform α-Alumina Microspheres by Catalytic Precipitation and Calcination Process
Authors: Wang Zhou , Shen Xiang Qian , Jing Mao Xiang , Yan Liang , Luo Zhou
Published: June 2014

Uniform α-alumina microspheres with mean partice size about 5-6 μm were prepared by the catalytic precipitation and calcination process. The spherical hydrated alumina precursor was first synthesized by the precipitation using ammonium aluminum sulfate and urea. During the reaction process, the urea can be decomposed to the mediator urease, which acts as the catalyst to influence the precipitate formation. The as-prepared α-alumina microspheres exhibit a very good shaping ability and the green body shaped by the dry-press process has a low linear shrinkage rate 5.8% at the sintering process.
Robust Design of Structures with Uncertain Parameters and Frequency Constraints Using Non-Probabilistic Methods
Authors: Chen Ji Yun , Luo Yan , Liu Dong Huan
Published: June 2014

The structural physical properties are often uncertain due to manufacture errors, measurement errors and other factors. Consequently, the vibration frequencies and corresponding eigenvectors are also uncertain. Robust design selects suitable design variables so that structural performance is insensitive to the various causes of variation without eliminating possible variations of variables. In practice robust design methods can be classified into probabilistic methods and non-probabilistic methods respectively. A new non-probabilistic robust design method based on the set theoretical convex method is presented in the present paper. The method not only inherits the advantages of existing non-stochastic methods, but also conquers the disadvantages of these methods.
Research Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy to Determine Original Water-Cement Ratio of Hardened Concrete
Authors: Li Yue , Tong Huan , Yang Jin Bo , Dong Wan Guo
Published: June 2014

In order to detect the influence of age on the experiment that use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determinate the original water-cement ratio (w/c) of hardened concrete, a series of concrete mixes are tested. Experimental results show that early ages do have an effect on the water-cement ratio of hardened concrete that determined from scanning electron microscopy, this effect will decrease while age increases. The relationship between capillary porosity, w/c and age is analyzed and a calculation equation is given.
Energy Consumption for Heating Residential Building from Implementing Deferent Energy-Saving Standard
Authors: Li Chu Ne , Wang Ya Jun , Cai Ying
Published: June 2014

This paper uses energy consumption stimulation software DeST-h to carry out stimulation study on annual energy consumption for heating of a typical residential building in Lanzhou city, a city in cold zones. We respectively calculated energy consumption under conditions of implementing "50% energy-saving standard" and "65% energy-saving standard", calculated the energy-saving rate, and did research on energy-saving ability, economy, emission-reducing ability of different energy-saving standards.
Simulation and Analysis of Energy Consumption Transformation in Office Buildings' Envelopes of Lanzhou
Authors: Han Xi Lian , Wang Hui Min , Li Chu Ne
Published: June 2014

Taking Lanzhou meteorological condition as the background, this article simulates the energy consumption of heating system in an office building of Lanzhou using simulative software Dest-c under different building envelopes, and attained the load distributed curves and the detailed energy consumption about the system of heating and air conditioning in two different conditions, and supplied the new idea to validate the construct ion of energy consume guideline in this area.
Study on the Crosslinkers Used in Gelling Agents
Authors: Sun Qian Ru , Liu Rong Wei
Published: June 2014

This paper is closely related to the crosslinkers used in gelling agents. Both physical crosslinking and chemical crosslinking are discussed. Crosslinkers are added to form intermolecular linkages in between the primary polymer chains to form a stable gel. Both gelling and plugging agents have similar aims---to minimize the permeability of a formation. With the producing water is becoming the big problem, crosslinkers are becoming more important.
Dissolution of Zirconium Power and Detection of Zirconium Powder Content by ICP-AES Method
Authors: Zhang Xiao Lian , Zhu Wei Hua , Zheng Xin , Liu Hong Xia
Published: June 2014

Instrument analysis method is used in this experiment, which detecting the zirconium content of zirconium powder by using plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. In this experiment, the instrumental detective conditions were determined, and analyzed several main factors affecting the experimental results, concluded the effects of temperature, hydrofluoric acid and deionized water on dissolving zirconium powder, summarized the method to detect zirconium powder content directly by ICP.
Design of the EMF-PF and Error Correction
Authors: Wei Kai Xia
Published: June 2014

This paper designs the electromagnetic flowmeter in partially filled pipes (EMF-PF), which sensor alternate duties, sensing both the fluid velocity and fill height signals in order to get the flow in the partially filled pipes. Because the errors caused by two parameters measured, different sensitivities and zero-shifts reduce the accuracy of the EMF-PF, therefore calibration is needed. The repeated tests show that the third-order correction of the errors achieved good results.