bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЛІНГВІСТИЧНІ СТУДІЇ ЯРОСЛАВА-БОГДАНА РУДНИЦЬКОГО В КАНАДІ ЯК ФЕНОМЕН ДОБИ ІДЕОЛОГІЧНОГО ПРОТИСТОЯННЯ
Authors: Гапон Леся
Published: November 2021

У статті проаналізовано праці Я. Рудницького канадського періоду (1949–1995 рр.) – доби ідеологічного протистояння радянської та західної систем – з метою виявлення впливу наукової позиції вченого діаспори на розвиток окремих галузей сучасної української лінгвістики. Стисло схарактеризовано наукову діяльність Я. Рудницького в Канаді, висвітлено погляди мовознавця на роль славістів діаспори в період тоталітарного тиску на україністику в СРСР. Продемонстровано вагому роль ученого в боротьбі за збереження правописних норм харківського правопису як у середовищі емігрантів, так і в материковій Україні. Наведено факти особистої участі Я. Рудницького в наукових дискусіях та громадсько-політичних акціях стосовно необхідності повернення в українську абетку літери “ґ”, відновлення окремих відмінкових форм та транслітерації іншомовних запозичень. Доведено стійку позицію Я. Рудницького щодо підтримки української наукової термінолексики, утвореної на базі питомих слів за українськими дериваційними моделями. Значну увагу приділено соціолінгвістичному напряму канадських мовознавчих студій автора стосовно умов розвитку української мови в УРСР. Окреслено ключові аспекти концепції “лінґвіциду”(мововбивства), автором якої є Я. Рудницький, висвітлено основні “лінґвіцидні” фактори, наголошено на важливості використання вченим можливостей демократичної системи Заходу в процесі виборювання права української мови на самостійний розвиток і державний захист. У дослідженні використано біографічний метод, метод аналізу лінгвістичної літератури, зіставний та актуалізаційний методи. Погляди автора подані в порівнянні із висновками сучасних українських дослідників. Опис лінгвістичних процесів стосовно особливостей становлення і розвитку української соціолінгвістики, наукової термінології та правописних норм відтворено з урахуванням впливу на них історичних та соціокультурних чинників доби ідеологічного протистояння радянської та західної систем із проєкцією на сьогодення.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Гайдай Ганна
Published: November 2021

В дані статті розглядається методика оцінювання інвестиційної стратегії, як один з найважливіших етапів при її формуванні. Проаналізовано та систематизовано сучасні методи та підходи щодо оцінки інвестиційної стратегії. В основу запропонованої методики покладено визначення якості інвестиційної стратегії, як найвищої характеристики процесу при її формуванні. Для розрахунку якості інвестиційної стратегії побудована формула, яка відображає математичну залежність оцінки якості від ефективності та ступеню ризику як головних параметрів, що дає можливість побувати тривимірну модель якості інвестиційної стратегії. Крім того, формула враховує вплив факторів (коефіцієнтів) зовнішнього бізнес-середовища: макросередовища, мікросередовища та мезосередовища/конкурентного середовища. Запропонована методика дозволяє отримати ефективний інструмент аналізу інвестиційної стратегії та має практичне значення для автотранспортних підприємств при формуванні інвестиційної стратегії.
РОЗВИТОК СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЗАРУБІЖНИХ КРАЇНАХ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ КРИЗИ, СПРИЧИНЕНОЇ ПАНДЕМІЄЮ COVID-19
Authors: Дзюба Оксана , Берідзе Ксенія
Published: November 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням розвитку соціального підприємництва під впливом кризи спричиненої пандемією COVID-19 та наслідкам впливу кризи на діяльність соціальних підприємств, підтримці соціального підприємництва на державному рівні в Україні та зарубіжних країнах. Пандемія COVID-19 стала значним випробовуванням для кожної країни щодо спроможності її державного апарату впоратись із викликами, спричиненими нею як для медичної системи, так і для економічного сектору. Україна, як і інші країни ЄС, з метою запобігання поширення коронавірусної інфекції, прийняла рішення щодо введення жорстких карантинних ще на початку весни 2020. А у цих умовах українські соціальні підприємства, діяльність яких здебільшого підпадає під зазначені категорії заборон, опинились в критичній ситуації.
ТЕОРІЯ ТА ПРАКТИКА УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ В ІСТОРИЧНІЙ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВІ ТА ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА СУЧАСНІ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ
Authors: Русавська Валентина , Таран Марина
Published: November 2021

Стаття присвячена теорії та практиці управління якістю, яка за свій історичний розвиток пройшла низку етапів, кожен з яких має свої особливості та закономірності. Проаналізовано і хронологічно викладено етапи розвитку управління якістю, сформульовано їх зміст та результати отримані внаслідок застосування методології кожного з етапів. Досліджено сутність та призначення класичних моделей управління якістю, що є результатами грунтовної наукової праці зарубіжних вчених, що мали вирішальний вплив на сучасну теорію і практику забезпечення якості та лягли в основу концепції якості і стали класичними. Окреслено перспективні вектори розвитку управління якістю в мінливих умовах сучасного ринку товарів та послуг, що ґрунтуються на дотриманні вимог міжнародних стандартів серії ISO, що охоплюють питання сучасної методології менеджменту якості на підприємствах та на виконанні принципів системи управління безпечністю харчової продукції НАССР.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНТЕГРОВАНИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ ЯК ОСНОВИ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ СУЧАСНОГО БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: Лишко Світлана
Published: November 2021

У статті висвітлюються питання сучасного підходу до організації ефективної комунікаційної діяльності підприємства, який повинен полягати в інтегрованих маркетингових комунікаціях в рамках реалізації комунікаційної концепції , що обумовлено зміщенням концепції на ринку з цінового в комунікаційний формат. Також, досліджується процес організації ефективного просування товарів та послуг на сучасному ринку за допомогою застосування інтегрованих маркетингових комунікацій, особливості процесу їх моделювання та роль у формуванні комерційного успіху підприємства. Визначено основне завдання комунікаційної діяльності підприємства, яка заключається у підвищенні техніко-економічних показників та більш ефективній роботі всіх ланок підприємства з метою виконання маркетингової стратегії та формування комерційного успіху підприємства, забезпечення його інвестиційною привабливість та динамікою розвитку.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ДІЛОВОГО ТА ДИПЛОМАТИЧНОГО ПРОТОКОЛУ У СФЕРІ ПОСЛУГ
Authors: Лисюк Тетяна , Терещук Оксана , Демчук Ольга
Published: November 2021

У статті розглянуто особливості розвитку інноваційних тенденцій ділового та дипломатичного протоколу у сфері послуг. Проаналізувано значення ділового та дипломатичного протоколу на сучасному етапі розвитку індустрії гостинності. Досліджено управлінську культуру сучасного керівника. Також у статті охарактеризовано вимоги до сучасного керівника сфери послуг. Визначено перспективи розвитку сфери послуг при ефективному впроваджені інноваційних технологій у діловому та дипломатичному протоколі. Розроблено пропозиції щодо забезпечення інноваційності ділового та дипломатичного протоколу у сфері послуг. На сьогодні інновації стають все більш вирішальними для конкурентоспроможності та продуктивності у сфері послуг. Становлення сучасної моделі дипломатії, приводить до висновку, що майбутнє дипломатії багато в чому залежить від того, як надалі буде розвиватися туристичний бізнес, а отже туризм накладає відбиток на роботу та модернізацію ділового та дипломатичного протоколу.
Optimización de una cartera de inversión de renta variable
Authors: Puebla Maldonado Armando
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo se hace una aplicación del modelo de selección de cartera de inversión propuesto por Harry Markowitz, para el caso de tres instrumentos financieros de renta variable que cotizan actualmente en el mercado de capitales de México. Para ello se tomó una muestra de 3 acciones de empresas mexicanas representativas que cotizan en el mercado accionario y que forman parte del Índice de Precios y Cotizaciones de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores. Para la obtención de la cartera optima se generaron escenarios bajo optimización estática, dinámica y estocástica en Risk Simulator. Los resultados indican que cumpliéndose con las condiciones propuestas se obtienen los resultados esperados.
Actualización de las políticas aduaneras de mexicanas: regímenes internacionales de seguridad
Authors: Lechuga Cardozo Jorge Isaac
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los diferentes enfoques internacionales que explican el dinamismo y la necesidad de actualizar las estructuras normativas de seguridad a las políticas aduaneras, particularmente en la aduana mexicana. El documento detalla los elementos que integran el marco jurídico internacional del control de mercancías para asegurar y facilitar el comercio. Se concluye que es preciso insistir en que México y América Latina se acojan a las políticas internacionales en materia de control de mercancías para facilitar la seguridad de las mercancías en la cadena de suministro, de esta manera se contribuye al mejoramiento global en los estándares internacionales de seguridad en el tráfico de bienes.
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT PADA TANAMAN PINANG MENGGUNKAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING
Authors: ST,.M.Kom Mardeni , Retina Dahlia , Muhaimin Abdi
Published: November 2021

Budidaya pinang juga mengalami kendala-kendala diantaranya yaitu serangan penyakit. Cara yang paling umum dilakukan oleh petani untuk mengendalikan penyakit pinang adalah dengan menggunakan bahan kimia atau pestisida dalam kurun jangka panjang jika penggunaan bahan kimia yang berlebihan pada suatu wilayah akan menimbulkan dampak negatif yaitu terbunuhnya mikroba. Dengan hilangnya keseimbangan ekosistem alam akan melahirkan penyakit baru yang lebih ganas.  Tujuan pembuatan aplikasi ini adalah untuk menyajikan informasi dengan cepat dan akurat dalam penyelesaian masalah untuk membantu konsultasi tentang penyakit pada tanaman  pinang. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui cara-cara pembuatan program yang bersifat Sistem pakar dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman  untuk aplikasi kecerdasan buatan, yaitu PHP dan Mysql. Dengan mengunakan metode forward chaining adalah suatu strategi pengambilan keputusan yang mulai dari bagian premis menuju klonklusi. Hasil implementasi sistem yaitu sistem memberikan pertanyaan berupa gejala-gejala yang harus dijawab petani berdasarkan gejala yang tanaman pinang dari proses tersebut sistem memberikan informasi penyakit pinang yang diderita tanaman pinang. Dari hasil pengujian sistem pakar ini telah dapat mediagnosa penyakit pinang. Setelah diagnosa maka akan muncul jenis penyakit dan solusi.
APLIKASI DETEKSI PLAGIARISME TUGAS AKHIR BERBASIS WEB DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA RABIN-KARP ROLLING HASH (STUDI KASUS: AMIK MAHAPUTRA RIAU)
Authors: Heri Herianto , Yulis Yulisman , Herrianti Manullang Winda , Irawan Yuda
Published: November 2021

Skripsi ini membahas tentang Aplikasi Deteksi Plagiarisme Tugas Akhir Berbasis Web Dengan Menggunakan Algoritma Rabin-Karp Rolling Hash (Studi Kasus: Amik Mahaputra Riau). Dimana Sistem ini digunakan di Amik Mahaputra Riau. Dengan adanya sistem ini dapat mempermudah admin,  ketua jurusan dan mahasiswa di kampus Amik Mahaputra Riau dalam pendeteksian plagiarism tugas akhir mahasiswa dan mempermudah proses kerja ketua jurusan dalam mengecek tugas akhir yang sama serta mempermudah mahasiswa mengupload berkas tugas akhir dan mendeteksi plagiarism isi tugas akhir yang diakses melalui akun mahasiswa masing-masing. Sistem informasi ini didesain menggunakan model Unifield Modeling Language (UML). Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode waterfall. Alasan menggunakan metode ini adalah karena metode waterfall melakukan pendekatan secara sistematis dan berurutan dalam membangun suatu sistem. Proses metode waterfall yaitu pada pengerjaan dari suatu sistem dilakukan secara berurutan. Sistem yang dihasilkan akan berkualitas baik, dikarenakan pelaksanaannya secara bertahap sehingga tidak terfokus pada tahapan tertentu. Diharapkan dengan adanya sistem informasi ini, bisa memudahkan admin, ketua jurusan dan mahasiswa dalam mendeteksi plagiarism tugas akhir  maupun dokumen lain dan mempermudah mahasiswa untuk mengetahui hasil persentase plagiarism tugas akhirnya tanpa harus datang ke kampus.
E-Book Development at Kebonsari III Elementary School Tuban City
Authors: Winata Anggun , Widiyanti Ifa Seftia Rahkma , Mizan Saeful , Cacik Sri
Published: November 2021

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education is one of the main supporters of educational services through the development of e-books. The purpose of this activity is to increase teacher competence in utilizing ICT to prepare the 21st century education system in facing the industrial revolution 4.0. This activity uses the community development method through training, mentoring and development in the preparation of e-book learning media. Instrument achievement of implementation indicators using pretest and posttest questionnaires for knowledge and skills of e-book development for teachers at Analysis of the results of achievement using descriptive analysis of the average value and percentage. The average pretest results of participants' abilities in developing e-books are still less visible from the results of less than 11%, very less by 77%, enough by 6%, good 4% and very good by 2% . The average posttest results of participants' ability in developing e-books increased, namely very less and less by 0%, enough by 26%, good by 60% and very good by 14%. The community development method is able to increase the knowledge and skills of teachers in developing e-book learning media
Wood Waste Management: Sawdust as a Planting Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Sindangmekar Village, Dukupuntang Subdistrict, Cirebon District
Authors: Arie Arie , Amalia Lili , Rahayu Rosalia
Published: November 2021

One of the growing industries in Indonesia is the woodworking industry. Wood waste is waste or parts of the wood that no longer has economic value but may still be used at different processes and times. The woodworking industry produces wood waste in 22% wood scraps, 8% wood chips, and 10% sawdust. The fundamental problem in the woodworking industry at Sindangmekar Village was the lack of understanding and practice in wood waste management. Through the socialization of wood waste management as planting media, community service aims to increase knowledge regarding wood waste management. In addition, it can improve practice to manage sawdust as a planting media. Furthermore, it has economic value and becomes one of the solutions to financial problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The socialization presented materials related to wood waste management and practiced making planting media from sawdust. Thirty participants attended this activity. There was a significant increase in pre-and post-test scores after socialization. In conclusion, socialization regarding wood waste management increases knowledge levels in wood artisans and youth alliance at Sindangmekar Village. In addition, participants can manage wood sawdust as a planting medium. As a result, it can increase the selling value of wood waste, and the surrounding environment becomes clean and healthy.
DYNAMICS OF RENDERING THE COCKNEY ETHNOSOCIOLECT IN THE UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONS OF G. B. SHAW’S PLAY «PIGMALION»
Authors:   Kyiv National Linguistic University, NEKRIACH Т. N. , SUNG O. M.
Published: November 2021

This article reviews the strategies used in three Ukrainian translations of George Bernard Shaw’s play «Pygmalion» focusing upon different approaches to representing the sociolect Cockney. Two of the translations (done by M. Pavlov and O.Mokrovolskiy) resort to surzhyk — a mixed Ukrainian-Russian vernacular, thus employing the strategy of domestication, while the third, and the latest, one (done by T. Nekriach and N. Ferens in collaboration, with the general editing of T. Nekriach) rejects surzhyk in principle, proceeding from the idea that cockney is not a contamination of two languages but a socially and culturally marked set of deviations from the norm within one language. The latter translation unites foreignization in indicating the time and place of action and domestication in consistent using the Ukrainian supradialectal popular parlance, which is termed ad hoc the «harmonizing strategy» in the article. Cockney as a specific ethnosociolect has been researched in the translation perspective in the works of I. Akopyan, V. Komissarov, O. Rebriy, T. Nekriach, A. Hughes, P. Trudgill etc., which form the theoretical foundation of the present article. The aim of the article is to study and systematize the optimal strategies and tactics of reproducing Cockney in the available Ukrainian translations of «Pygmalion». The principal method of research is the comparative translation analysis, which allows to evaluate the gains and losses in employing a particular strategy in order to achieve a faithful translation. The topicality of the research is accounted for by the growing interest on the part of both practical translators and translation scholars in the appropriate handling of translation strategies and tactics within one text in order to reveal the author’s intent to the full with the retaining of the distinguishing features of the form. Special attention is paid to the specific «double» nature of drama works which requires taking into account the “pronounceability” of cues in translation. It is argued that M. Pavlov and T. Nekriach/N. Ferens take this parameter into account, translating «for stage», whereas O.Mokrovolskiy translates «for page» only, which results in his alternatives for Cockney representation being understood visually, not audially. The research prospects are seen in applying the proposed methodology to the study of recent Ukrainian translations of fiction in comparison with the previous ones in order to survey the dynamics and effectiveness of applying various translation strategies and tactics in reproducing a particular language or cultural phenomenon used in the original text.
Hablar de patrimonio cultural es controvertido porque no existe un único patrimonio cultural.
Authors: Cebrian Sergio Ramos
Published: November 2021

Todo indica que estamos abocados a realizar una deconstrucción revisionista del patrimonio cultural institucional acumulado hasta la actualidad. Los estudios decoloniales desvelan el lado oscuro de una política cultural institucional contraria a la diversidad cultural. Una posible solución es empezar a desarrollar las posibilidades que nos aportan las nuevas maneras de entender el patrimonio cultural contemporáneo. Ahondar en la potencia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial en relación con los retos planteados por el Dark Tourism. Generar visitas sensibles con la diversidad cultural y los procesos culturales comunitarios pueden ser estrategias posibles para empezar a equilibrar la historia institucional de la desigualdad cultural.
THE EFFECT OF EARNING PER SHARE, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET, TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER, AND COLLATERALIZABLE ASSET ON DIVIDEND POLICY (Research on Consumer Goods Industrial Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 period)
Authors: Rizal Annisa , Triyanto Dedik Nur
Published: November 2021

Dividend policy is a company's decision to determine whether the profits earned by the company will be distributed to investors in the form of dividends or by increasing the company's retained earnings. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of earnings per share, investment opportunities, total asset turnover, and collateralizable assets on dividend policy in consumer goods industry entities listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 period. The population in this research was the consumer goods industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange of 52 entities in 2015-2019. The technique of determining the sample used is purposive sampling. The samples obtained are 13 companies incorporated in the consumer goods industry sectors in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2015-2019. Based on the analysis, the result shows that the variable total asset turnover partially has a significant positive effect on dividend policy. Collateralizable asset variable has a significant negative impact on dividend policy. In contrast, the investment opportunity variables and earnings per share don't affect dividend policy. This research can be used as a reference for stakeholders in the company to consider the total asset turnover that affects dividend policy in a company.
Marian Plague Columns in Jaroměř and Polička: A Comparative Study on Baroque Sculptural Decorations of the Bohemian Urban Public Space in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Vojtíšková Jana , Polehla Petr
Published: November 2021

Based on fragmentally preserved sources as well as existing literature related to the topic (especially regional historiography, art history and historic preservation), the present study sets Marian plague columns into a broader context. Through the comparison of two minor East-Bohemian towns of a comparable population, it follows the factors playing a signifi cant role in the creation of complex Baroque sculptural compositions. At the same time, it aims to identify the functions that the sculptures were to fulfi l through their position in the public space. In this sense the study is inspired by the classic essay by Peter Burke called Conspicuous consumption in seventeenth-century Italy, which considers “the consumption” to be a specifi c form of communication. The composition of Marian plague columns can be perceived as an undeniable form of communication. From multiple perspectives, the article documents the key determinants, which are sometimes rather surprising, infl uencing the choice of partial components of the sculptural compositions as well as their overall impression – the communicative intention. Both Marian plague columns, to this day the most important monuments decorating the public space of the towns in question, are therefore approached in an interdisciplinary way especially in the context of the history of the towns, their manors and the East-Bohemian region. Therefore, the religious situation of both towns and their surroundings is not overlooked either. With regard to the fact that Jaroměř and Polička have been royal dowry towns, the Marian plague columns also refl ect the relation to the Bohemian queen, which is expressed verbally as inscriptions on them. In particular, the artwork in Polička and the events related to its creation importantly signalize the “conspicuous consumption”.
ANTROPOCENO, CAPITALOCENO E LIXOCENO: DIFERENTES ABORDAGENS SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES SOCIEDADE-NATUREZA
Authors: Gaboardi Shaiane , Nunes Lauren
Published: November 2021

As circunstâncias que permeiam as relações sociedade-natureza e os problemas ambientais decorrentes do crescimento populacional e econômico podem ser interpretadas por diversas abordagens. Este artigo objetiva discutir três perspectivas críticas sobre o processo de dominação e exploração da natureza: Antropoceno, Capitaloceno e Lixoceno. Para tanto, a metodologia se baseou em pesquisa bibliográfica, de modo que foram realizadas análises de artigos científicos publicados sobre o panorama estudado. Conclui-se que a noção de Antropoceno dá ênfase ao papel do ser humano na transformação da Terra, de modo que este processo afetaria irreversivelmente as condições geoecológicas e ecossistêmicas de toda biosfera. Já o Capitaloceno considera que a ação humana é perpassada pelas relações políticas e econômicas de poder e desigualdades no contexto do capitalismo global. O enfoque do Lixoceno tem sido empregado para ressaltar a natureza contaminadora causada pelo sistema capitalista, desde a resistência e acúmulo de externalidades no corpo humano até na Terra.
Stakeholder Support for Wildlife Conservation Funding Policies
Authors: Henderson Chris D. , Riley Shawn J. , Pomeranz Emily F. , Kramer Daniel B.
Published: November 2021

State wildlife management agencies in the United States have depended on a “user-pay” funding model for conservation efforts that relies on revenue from hunting license sales and a federal excise tax on firearms, ammunition, and archery equipment. Declines in hunting participation, however, jeopardize sustainability of the current funding model. Ensuring support among stakeholders for wildlife management and conservation may require expanding sources of funding and incorporating the perspectives and values of a diversifying constituency into decision making processes. We used a web-based survey of wildlife-associated recreationists in Michigan, USA to evaluate support for a range of conservation funding policies. Respondents self-identified primarily as hunters (n= 2,558) or wildlife watchers (n= 942). We used binary logistic regression to evaluate support for four conservation funding policy options: state sales tax, lottery proceeds, extractive industry revenue, and a user-based tax on outdoor gear (i.e., “backpack tax”). Determinants of support varied by type of policy and stakeholder characteristics. We found no statistically significant differences between hunters and wildlife watchers in their support for conservation funding policies when accounting for other variables such as wildlife value orientations, engagement in stewardship behaviors, age, and gender. The industry-based policy achieved the greatest level of approval, while the backpack tax had the lowest. Respondents were mixed in their support of the sales tax and lottery proceeds options. Cluster analysis revealed three homogenous groups related to conservation funding policies: “strong support,” “mixed/opposed,” and “anti-backpack tax.” Clusters differed in their support for conservation funding policies and on psychological and demographic variables. The “strong support” and “anti-backpack tax” groups differed in their levels of stewardship engagement, knowledge of conservation funding mechanisms, and support for the backpack tax option. The “mixed-opposed” group tended to be older, less educated, and less likely to be a member of a conservation organization. Results suggest support for conservation funding differs by policy type and social and psychological characteristics of stakeholders. Based on differences in policy support revealed in this study, we suggest a multi-tiered approach to funding conservation and building on support among wildlife stakeholders to mitigate the looming funding crisis for state wildlife agencies.
Calibration-Free Gait Assessment by Foot-Worn Inertial Sensors
Authors: Laidig Daniel , Jocham Andreas J. , Guggenberger Bernhard , Adamer Klemens , Fischer Michael , Seel Thomas
Published: November 2021

Walking is a central activity of daily life, and there is an increasing demand for objective measurement-based gait assessment. In contrast to stationary systems, wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) have the potential to enable non-restrictive and accurate gait assessment in daily life. We propose a set of algorithms that uses the measurements of two foot-worn IMUs to determine major spatiotemporal gait parameters that are essential for clinical gait assessment: durations of five gait phases for each side as well as stride length, walking speed, and cadence. Compared to many existing methods, the proposed algorithms neither require magnetometers nor a precise mounting of the sensor or dedicated calibration movements. They are therefore suitable for unsupervised use by non-experts in indoor as well as outdoor environments. While previously proposed methods are rarely validated in pathological gait, we evaluate the accuracy of the proposed algorithms on a very broad dataset consisting of 215 trials and three different subject groups walking on a treadmill: healthy subjects (n = 39), walking at three different speeds, as well as orthopedic (n = 62) and neurological (n = 36) patients, walking at a self-selected speed. The results show a very strong correlation of all gait parameters (Pearson's r between 0.83 and 0.99, p < 0.01) between the IMU system and the reference system. The mean absolute difference (MAD) is 1.4 % for the gait phase durations, 1.7 cm for the stride length, 0.04 km/h for the walking speed, and 0.7 steps/min for the cadence. We show that the proposed methods achieve high accuracy not only for a large range of walking speeds but also in pathological gait as it occurs in orthopedic and neurological diseases. In contrast to all previous research, we present calibration-free methods for the estimation of gait phases and spatiotemporal parameters and validate them in a large number of patients with different pathologies. The proposed methods lay the foundation for ubiquitous unsupervised gait assessment in daily-life environments.
Effect of Engagement With Digital Interventions on Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gan Daniel Z. Q. , McGillivray Lauren , Han Jin , Christensen Helen , Torok Michelle
Published: November 2021

Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) present a promising way to address gaps in mental health service provision. However, the relationship between user engagement and outcomes in the context of these interventions has not been established. This study addressed the current state of evidence on the relationship between engagement with DMHIs and mental health outcomes. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EmBASE databases were searched from inception to August 1, 2021. Original or secondary analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they examined the relationship between DMHI engagement and post-intervention outcome(s). Thirty-five studies were eligible for inclusion in the narrative review and 25 studies had sufficient data for meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses indicated that greater engagement was significantly associated with post-intervention mental health improvements, regardless of whether this relationship was explored using correlational [r = 0.24, 95% CI (0.17, 0.32), Z = 6.29, p < 0.001] or between-groups designs [Hedges' g = 0.40, 95% CI (0.097, 0.705), p = 0.010]. This association was also consistent regardless of intervention type (unguided/guided), diagnostic status, or mental health condition targeted. This is the first review providing empirical evidence that engagement with DMHIs is associated with therapeutic gains. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD 42020184706.
Dryland Watershed Restoration With Rock Detention Structures: A Nature-based Solution to Mitigate Drought, Erosion, Flooding, and Atmospheric Carbon
Authors: Gooden Jennifer , Pritzlaff Richard
Published: November 2021

Historic land degradation is an ongoing threat to the Sky Islands of southern Arizona, US, and northern Sonora, Mexico, an area designated as a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. Land degradation has reduced ecosystem services provisioning, released carbon from disturbed soils into the atmosphere, and significantly diminished resilience to climate change. Private land managers in the region have developed methods to reverse degradation and restore biodiversity and ecosystem function. Land managers have used rock detention structures (RDS), technology adapted from traditional Indigenous practices in the region, as a tool for reversing desertification and watershed degradation. The structures were installed primarily for erosion control and water management, but they have had positive impacts on multiple biophysical systems. In this study, we analyze watershed-scale installation of RDS as a nature-based solution for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Case studies include four properties that offer examples of structures that have been in place over a period ranging from 1 to 40 years. We reviewed journal articles and other studies conducted at the four sites, supplemented with interviews, to catalogue the nature-based solutions provided by RDS. This study documents positive impacts on overall stream flow, reduction in peak runoff during inundation events, and increased sedimentation, which increase resilience to drought, erosion, and flooding. Data suggest potential impacts for climate change mitigation, though further research is needed. In addition, results suggest that watershed restoration with RDS offers a host of co-benefits, including an increase in biodiversity and wildlife abundance, an increase in vegetative cover, and increased surface water provisioning over time to support the land-based livelihoods of downstream neighbors. In the discussion, we consider barriers to replication and scalability using the strategy of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration as a guiding framework, discussing issues of awareness, legislation and policy, technical capacity, finance, and gaps in knowledge.
Property Risk Assessment of Sinkhole Hazard in Louisiana, U.S.A
Authors: Mostafiz Rubayet Bin , Friedland Carol J. , Rohli Robert V. , Bushra Nazla
Published: November 2021

Sinkholes (or dolines) are an often-overlooked environmental hazard. The processes that lead to their formation are slow and insidious, which encourage a lack of awareness or concern for the potential danger, until the sudden, climactic formation leads to unexpected property damage and possibly human casualties. This research identifies the risk to residential properties to the sinkhole hazard, using Louisiana, United States as a case study. Risk is defined as the product of the hazard intensity and the loss to structure and contents within the building resulting from the hazard-related disaster. Results suggest that risk is highly scale-dependent. Although the risk due to sinkholes is small on a per capita basis statewide, especially when compared to the per capita risk of other natural hazards, the property risk for census tracts or census blocks partially or completely overlying a salt dome is substantial. At finer scales, Terrebonne Parish, in coastal southeastern Louisiana, has the greatest concentration of salt domes, while Madison Parish, which is east of Monroe, has the highest percentage of area at risk for sinkhole formation, and St. Mary Parish—immediately west of Terrebonne—has the greatest risk of property loss. An Acadia Parish census tract has the maximum annual property losses in 2050 projected at $40,047 (2010$), and the highest projected annual per building ($43) and per capita ($18) property loss are in the same St. Mary Parish census tract. At the census block level, maximum annual property loss ($7,040) is projected for a census block within Cameron Parish, with maximum annual per building loss ($85 within West Baton Rouge Parish), and maximum per capita annual property loss ($120 within Plaquemines Parish). The method presented in this paper is developed generally, allowing application for risk assessment in other locations. The results generated by the methodology are important to local, state, and national emergency management efforts. Further, the general public of Louisiana, and other areas where the developed method is applied, may benefit by considering sinkhole risk when purchasing, remodeling, and insuring a property, including as a basis of comparison to the risk from other types of hazard.
Comparative Analysis of Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 13 Species in Epilobium, Circaea, and Chamaenerion and Insights Into Phylogenetic Relationships of Onagraceae
Authors: Luo Yike , He Jian , Lyu Rudan , Xiao Jiamin , Li Wenhe , Yao Min , Pei Linying , Cheng Jin , Li Jinyu , Xie Lei
Published: November 2021

The evening primrose family, Onagraceae, is a well defined family of the order Myrtales, comprising 22 genera widely distributed from boreal to tropical areas. In this study, we report and characterize the complete chloroplast genome sequences of 13 species in Circaea, Chamaenerion, and Epilobium using a next-generation sequencing method. We also retrieved chloroplast sequences from two other Onagraceae genera to characterize the chloroplast genome of the family. The complete chloroplast genomes of Onagraceae encoded an identical set of 112 genes (with exclusion of duplication), including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNAs, and four ribosomal RNAs. The chloroplast genomes are basically conserved in gene arrangement across the family. However, a large segment of inversion was detected in the large single copy region of all the samples of Oenothera subsect. Oenothera. Two kinds of inverted repeat (IR) region expansion were found in Oenothera, Chamaenerion, and Epilobium samples. We also compared chloroplast genomes across the Onagraceae samples in some features, including nucleotide content, codon usage, RNA editing sites, and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Phylogeny was inferred by the chloroplast genome data using maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference methods. The generic relationship of Onagraceae was well resolved by the complete chloroplast genome sequences, showing potential value in inferring phylogeny within the family. Phylogenetic relationship in Oenothera was better resolved than other densely sampled genera, such as Circaea and Epilobium. Chloroplast genomes of Oenothera subsect. Oenothera, which are biparental inheritated, share a syndrome of characteristics that deviate from primitive pattern of the family, including slightly expanded inverted repeat region, intron loss in clpP, and presence of the inversion.
Integrative Analysis for Elucidating Transcriptomics Landscapes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Zhang Haihong , Wang Yanli , Feng Jinghui , Wang Shuya , Wang Yan , Kong Weisi , Zhang Zhiyi
Published: November 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease that the immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues. SLE is difficult to get a correct and timely diagnosis, which makes its morbidity and mortality rate very high. The pathogenesis of SLE remains to be elucidated. To clarify the potential pathogenic mechanism of SLE, we performed an integrated analysis of two RNA-seq datasets of SLE. Differential expression analysis revealed that there were 4,713 and 2,473 differentially expressed genes, respectively, most of which were up-regulated. After integrating differentially expressed genes, we identified 790 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene functional enrichment analysis was performed and found that common differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in some important immune-related biological processes and pathways. Our analysis provides new insights into a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and potential candidate markers for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Innate Memory Reprogramming by Gold Nanoparticles Depends on the Microbial Agents That Induce Memory
Authors: Swartzwelter Benjamin J. , Michelini Sara , Frauenlob Tobias , Barbero Francesco , Verde Alessandro , De Luca Anna Chiara , Puntes Victor , Duschl Albert , Horejs-Hoeck Jutta , Italiani Paola , Boraschi Diana
Published: November 2021

Innate immune memory, the ability of innate cells to react in a more protective way to secondary challenges, is induced by exposure to infectious and other exogeous and endogenous agents. Engineered nanoparticles are particulate exogenous agents that, as such, could trigger an inflammatory reaction in monocytes and macrophages and could therefore be also able to induce innate memory. Here, we have evaluated the capacity of engineered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to induce a memory response or to modulate the memory responses induced by microbial agents. Microbial agents used were in soluble vs. particulate form (MDP and the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus; β-glucan and the β-glucan-producing fungi C. albicans), and as whole microrganisms that were either killed (S. aureus, C. albicans) or viable (the gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori). The memory response was assessed in vitro, by exposing human primary monocytes from 2-7 individual donors to microbial agents with or without AuNPs (primary response), then resting them for 6 days to allow return to baseline, and eventually challenging them with LPS (secondary memory response). Primary and memory responses were tested as production of the innate/inflammatory cytokine TNFα and other inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. While inactive on the response induced by soluble microbial stimuli (muramyl dipeptide -MDP-, β-glucan), AuNPs partially reduced the primary response induced by whole microorganisms. AuNPs were also unable to directly induce a memory response but could modulate stimulus-induced memory in a circumscribed fashion, limited to some agents and some cytokines. Thus, the MDP-induced tolerance in terms of TNFα production was further exacerbated by co-priming with AuNPs, resulting in a less inflammatory memory response. Conversely, the H. pylori-induced tolerance was downregulated by AuNPs only relative to the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which would lead to an overall more inflammatory memory response. These effects of AuNPs may depend on a differential interaction/association between the reactive particle surfaces and the microbial components and agents, which may lead to a change in the exposure profiles. As a general observation, however, the donor-to-donor variability in memory response profiles and reactivity to AuNPs was substantial, suggesting that innate memory depends on the individual history of exposures.
Delivery of IL-2 to the T Cell Surface Through Phosphatidylserine Permits Robust Expansion of CD8 T Cells
Authors: MacDonald Alana , Lam Brandon , Lin John , Ferrall Louise , Kung Yu Jui , Tsai Ya Chea , Wu T.-C. , Hung Chien-Fu
Published: November 2021

The phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is naturally maintained on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. Independent of apoptosis, PS is redistributed to the surface of CD8 T cells in response to TCR-mediated activation. Annexin V (AnnV) is a protein known to bind PS with high affinity and has been effectively utilized to anchor antigen to the surface of CD8 T cells. To expand these studies, we aimed to exploit TCR activation driven PS exposure as a target to deliver cytokine, namely interleukin-2 (IL-2), to the surface of CD8 T cells. This was accomplished using a novel chimeric fusion protein of annexin V and interleukin 2 (AnnV-IL2). In vitro analysis revealed that AnnV-IL2 is able to specifically bind PS on the T cell surface following TCR stimulation. Consequently, AnnV-IL2 proved to be significantly more effective at enhancing T cell activation compared to recombinant IL-2. In vivo, AnnV-IL2 promotes robust expansion of antigen-specific cells capable of interferon gamma (IFNγ) production when administered following peptide vaccination. Importantly, upon antigen rechallenge, AnnV-IL2 treatment mice demonstrated a stronger secondary expansion, indicating durability of AnnV-IL2 mediated responses. Our data supports the use of AnnV-IL2 to modulate antigen-specific T cell immunity and demonstrates that the PS-AnnV axis is a feasible mechanism to target diverse cargo to CD8 T cells.
Effect of Position Change From the Bed to a Wheelchair on the Regional Ventilation Distribution Assessed by Electrical Impedance Tomography in Patients With Respiratory Failure
Authors: Yuan Siyi , Chi Yi , Long Yun , He Huaiwu , Zhao Zhanqi
Published: November 2021

Background: There is limited knowledge about the effect of position change on regional lung ventilation in patients with respiratory failure. This study aimed to examine the physiological alteration of regional lung ventilation during the position change from lying in bed to sitting on a wheelchair.

Methods: In this study, 41 patients with respiratory failure who were weaned from the ventilators were prospectively enrolled. The electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was used to assess the regional lung ventilation distribution at four time points (Tbase: baseline, supine position in the bed, T30min: sitting position in the wheelchair after 30 min, T60min: sitting position in the wheelchair after 60 min, Treturn: the same supine position in the bed after position changing). The EIT-based global inhomogeneity (GI) and center of ventilation (CoV) indices were calculated. The EIT images were equally divided into four ventral-to-dorsal horizontal regions of interest (ROIs 1–4). Depending on the improvement in ventilation distribution in the dependent regions at T60min (threshold set to 15%), the patients were divided into the dorsal ventilation improved (DVI) and not improved (non-DVI) groups.

Results: When the patients moved from the bed to a wheelchair, there was a significant and continuous increase in ventilation in the dorsal regions (ROI 3 + 4: 45.9 ± 12.1, 48.7 ± 11.6, 49.9 ± 12.6, 48.8 ± 10.6 for Tbase, T30min, T60min, and Treturn, respectively; p = 0.015) and CoV (48.2 ± 10.1, 50.1 ± 9.2, 50.5 ± 9.6, and 49.5 ± 8.6, p = 0.047). In addition, there was a significant decrease in GI at T60min compared with Tbase. The DVI group (n = 18) had significantly higher oxygenation levels than the non-DVI group (n = 23) after position changing. ROI4Tbase was significantly negatively correlated with the ΔSpO2 (R = 0.72, p < 0.001). Using a cutoff value of 6.5%, ROI4Tbase had 79.2% specificity and 58.8% sensitivity in indicating the increase in the dorsal region related to the position change. The corresponding area under the curve (AUC) was 0.806 (95% CI, 0.677–0.936).

Conclusions: Position change may improve the ventilation distribution in the study patients. The EIT can visualize real-time changes of the regional lung ventilation at the bedside to guide the body position change of the patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and measure the effect of clinical practice.

Trial Registration: Effect of Early Mobilization on Regional Lung Ventilation Assessed by EIT, NCT04081129. Registered 9 June 2019—Retrospectively registered. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S00096WT&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00020D9&ts=2&cx=v2cwij.