bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF FINE STRUCTURE OF X-RAY SPECTRA FROM LASER-IRRADIATED GOLD DOT
Authors: YANG GUO-HONG  , ZHANG JI-YAN  , ZHANG BAO-HAN  , ZHOU YU-QING  , LI JUN  ,   中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心，绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

The X-ray emission spectra from highly stripped plasma of gold has been observed by focusing a Nd-glass frequency-tripled laser beam onto the surface of the gol d dot at the XINGGUANG Ⅱ laser facilities. The spectra of gold ions in the rang e of　0.0003nm—0.0004nm was recorded using the plate PET (2d=0.8742nm) crystal spectrometer. The code of average energy of relativistic subarrays was built on the basis of the code MCDF (Multi-Configuration-Dirac-Fock). Using the spin-orbi t-split-arrays (SOSA) formalism, mean wavelengths and full widths at half height of isolated peaks of subarrays of lower charged gold ions, isoelectronic with C u,Zn,Ga and Ge, was calculated. Twenty-six lines are interpreted, they pertain mainly to transitions of 3d-nf (n=5,6, 7) of gold ions from Ni-like to As-like. These results of experiment and calculation have important application in pla sma diagnostics and examination of high Z elemental atomic structure calculation .
EFFECT OF Fe CONTENT ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND THE THERMOELECTRIC TRANSPORT P ROPERTIES OF CeyFexCo4-xSb12
Authors: TANG XIN-FENG  , CHEN LI-DONG  , GOTO TAKASHI  , HIRAI TOSHIO  , YUAN RUN-ZHANG  ,   (1)日本东北大学金属材料研究所，仙台  980-8577; (2)武汉工业大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室,武汉  430070
Published: December 2020

Single-phase filled skutterudite compounds,CeyFexCo4- xSb12(x=0—3.0，y=0—0.74)，were synthesized by a melting metho d.Effect of Fe content on Ce filling fraction,the crystal structure and the ther moelectric transport properties of CeyFexCo4-xS b12 saturated by Ce were investigated.Ce filling fraction increased l inearly with increasing Fe content.The lattice constants a of CeyFexCo4-xSb12 increased with increasing Fe content a nd Ce filling fraction.All samples showed p-type conduction.Hall coefficient RH decreased with increasing Fe content.Hole concentration p and electri cal conductivity σ increased with increasing Fe content.Seebeck coefficient α decreased with increasing Fe content.While Fe/Co ratio was about 1.5/2.5,the lat tice thermal conductivity (κl) reached the minimum values.
INITIAL STUDY ABOUT CROSS-ENERGY-TRANSFER AND FLUORESCENCE GUARD-AGAINST-FORGE IN OXYFLUORIDE VITROCERAMICS
Authors: CHEN XIAO-BO  , N.Sawanobori  , NIE YU-XIN  ,   (1)Sumita Optical Glass，INC.，Saitama，338，Japan; (2)北京师范大学，北京  100875；中国科学院物理研究所光物理开放研究实验室，北京  100080; (3)中国科学院物理研究所光物理开放研究实验室，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

This paper studies the steady state luminescent behavior of Yb3+Er3+ codoped and Er3+ mono-doped oxyfluoride vitroceramic mater ials.The cross-energy-transfer effect between Yb3+ and Er3+ ions in oxyfluoride vitroceramics(FOV)，oxyfluoride glass(FOG) and fluoride gl ass(ZBLAN) materials have been studied carefully also.Some new luminescence phen omenon is found,as described in the following.When the4G11/2 level of Er-doped FOV is excited by 377nm ultraviolet light，there appear a very strong green 4S3/2→4I15/2 fluo rescence and a middle strong red 4Ｆ9/2→4I15/2 fluorescence.However, when the 4G11/2 level of ErYb-codoped FOV is excited by 377nm ultraviolet light，the red4Ｆ9/2→4I15/2 fluorescence is increased about ten t imes, and meanwhile the green 4S3/2→4I15/ 2 fluorescence is decreased about 100 times.The variation of the red-green light ratio is about 1000 times.This interesting phenomenon exists only in FOV but not in FOG and ZBLAN.This paper also discuss how to apply this effect to th e Fluorescence Guard-Against-Forge in practice.
COUPLED SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYPERCHAOTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: WANG TIE-BANG  , QIN TUAN-FA  , CHEN GUANG-ZHI  ,   (1)广西大学计算机与信息工程学院,南宁530004; (2)广西大学物理系,南宁530004
Published: December 2020

The hyperchaotic synchronization was achieved in LC oscillator via the mutual coupling method. The method to confirm coupling coefficient was given, the largest Lyapunov exponent spectra were calculated, and the connection between the coupling parameter and the synchronization time is discussed and given. Synchronization will be lost in the case of mismatched parameters.
CORRELATED DISCHARGING OF InAs QUANTUM DOTS IN METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL STRUCTURE
Authors: LI HONG-WEI  , WANG TAI-HONG  ,   中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080
Published: December 2020

We report a correlated discharging process in current transport through metal-semiconductor-metal structures containing InAs self-assembled quantum dots.Due to the charged and discharged states of quantum dots,two different current states with a round hysteresis loop are usually observed in our structure.The transitions between the two current states are controlled by the applied voltages.Besides the normal charging and discharging processes,a correlated discharging is observed at 77K.Interactions that relate to the electrons in the quantum dots in the system are considered.The correlated discharging process is attributed to the interaction between electrons in the quantum dots and the conducting two-dimensional electron gas beneath the dot layer.Based on our analysis a simple picture of the relaxation process is given.
LEWIS-RIESENFELD PHASES AND BERRY PHASES IN THEQUANTUM SYSTEM OF TIME-DEPENDENT HARMONICOSCILLATOR WITH A MOVING BOUNDARY
Authors: LI LING  , LI BO-ZANG  , LIANG JIU-QING  ,   (1)山西大学理论物理研究所,太原030006; (2)中国科学院物理研究所和凝聚态物理中心,北京100080; (3)中国科学院物理研究所和凝聚态物理中心,北京100080,山西大学理论物理研究所,太原030006
Published: December 2020

Using the Lewis-Riesenfeld′s quantum invariant theory,the Lewis-Riesenfeld phases for a time-dependent frequency harmonic oscillator,which is confined in an infinite well with a moving wall,are calculated.We find that the geometric part of the Lewis-Riesenfeld phases are identical with the “non-adiabatic Berry phases” described by D.Y.Liu in Acta Phys.Sin.It may be important that our results,at least for the system with a sinusoidally oscillating boundary,do not show any non-trivial Berry phase acquired.
EXTERNAL GRAVITATIONAL FIELD OF THE KASUYA DYONMETRIC IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: SU CHENG-YUE  ,   中国科学院云南天文台,昆明650011;中国科学院国家天文观测中心,北京100080;广东工业大学物理系,广州510643
Published: December 2020

Using the Ernest's method and adopting the Harrison transform under the linear condition, we obtained an expression of the exterior metric associated with the Kasuya dyon, q≠-2B 0J, in a magnetic field. There is an arbitrary parameter B0 in the expression, it expresses a homogeneously weak magnetic field. While r→∞, the metric approaches asymptotically the Melvin magnetic universe, it is reasonable that the metric does not become asymptotically flat in a homogeneously magnetic field.
CONTROLLING CHAOS IN CHAOTIC NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: HE GUO-GUANG  , CAO ZHI-TONG  ,   浙江大学物理系,杭州310028
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a pinning control method focused on a chaotic neural network (CNN) is proposed. The chaos of the CNN can be controlled by using this method, and the output of the CNN is fixed stably in its stored pattern. In this way, the information search in the CNN is realized. In addition, the factors which affect the control of the CNN are discussed.
STUDIES OF THE IMPURITY EFFECTS ON CRYSTALLINE QUALITY BY HIGH-RESOLUTION X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Authors: LI CHAO-RONG  , WU LI-JUN  , CHEN WAN-CHUN  ,   (1)中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080; (2)中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080;中国科学院国家微重力实验室,北京100080
Published: December 2020

Sr(NO3)2 single crystals with different impurities doped were grown from aqueous solutions. The distribution of impurities in Sr(NO3)2 crystals were investigated by electron probe micoranalysis. Results show that the distribution of impurities illustrates a compositional zoning behaviour. The Ba2+ has a higher concentration in the {100} growth sectors than in the {111} sectors. On the contrary, Pb2+ has a higher concentration in {111} growth sectors than in {100} sectors. The crystalline perfection of the pure and Ba2+ or Pb2+ doped Sr(NO3)2 crystals was studied by high-resolution X-ray rocking curve technique. The high-resolution X-ray rocking curve of the ideal Sr(NO3)2 crystal was theoretically calculated based on the dynamical X-ray diffraction theory. High-resolution X-ray diffraction results show that the crystalline quality in the growth sectors of the pure Sr(NO3)2 crystal is fairly high, since its experimental rocking curve is very close to the theoretical calculation. However, in the areas of the sector boundary the full width at half maximum of the rocking curve gets broader due to the lattice stress in the boundary area. The doping of impurities will deteriorate the quality of the crystal and induce an inhomogeneity behaviour of the crystalline quality. As for the Ba2+ doped Sr(NO3)2 crystal, the crystalline quality in {111} growth sectors is higher than that in {100} sectors. On the contrary, the crystalline quality in {100} growth sectors is higher than that in {111} sectors for Pb2+ doped Sr(NO3)2 crystal. This coincides well with the composition distributions of the dopants.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONSISTENCE AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF SINTERED Nd-Fe-B MAGNETS
Authors: CHENG WEN-HAO  , LI WEI  , LI CHUAN-JIAN  , PAN WEI  ,   钢铁研究总院功能材料研究所,北京100081
Published: December 2020

One of the most important factors that lower the consistence is the appearance of regions where the technological parameters deviate from the points where the sensors are located. In this paper this was investigated on the basis of the relationship between the intrinsic coercivity and the microstructure parameters of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets. It is found that the magnet with a fairly good microstructure will have higher consistence than the magnet with a relatively poor microstructure under the same technological conditions. This indicates that the more effective approach to enhance the consistence of a magnet is to optimize its microstructure other than to rigorously enforce the technological conditions. The results obtained show some directive for improving the consistence of the magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.
THE SIZE EFFECT ON OPTICAL AND MAGNETO-OPTICAL PROPERTIES IN Fe-Ag GRANULAR FILMS
Authors: WANG SONG-YOU  , JU XIAO-HUA  , LI HE-YIN  , XU XU-DONG  , ZHOU PENG  , ZHANG RONG-JUN  , YANG YUE-MEI  , ZHOU SHI-MING  , CHEN LIANG-YAO  ,   (1)复旦大学物理系,上海200433; (2)复旦大学信息科学与工程学院光科学与工程系,上海200433
Published: December 2020

A series of FexAg1-x(x=18, 45, 81) samples were prepared by ion beam sputtering and post-annealed in vacuum at different temperatures for one hour. X-ray diffraction, optical and magneto-optical measurement were performed and the structure, optical and magneto-optical Kerr effect properties for different annealing temperatures have been studied. Results show that the magneto-optical Kerr effects are closely related to the particle size.
Neuropeptide VF neurons promote sleep via the serotonergic raphe
Authors: Lee Daniel A , Oikonomou Grigorios , Cammidge Tasha , Andreev Andrey , Hong Young , Hurley Hannah , Prober David A
Published: December 2020

Although several sleep-regulating neuronal populations have been identified, little is known about how they interact with each other to control sleep/wake states. We previously identified neuropeptide VF (NPVF) and the hypothalamic neurons that produce it as a sleep-promoting system (Lee et al., 2017). Here we show using zebrafish that npvf-expressing neurons control sleep via the serotonergic raphe nuclei (RN), a hindbrain structure that is critical for sleep in both diurnal zebrafish and nocturnal mice. Using genetic labeling and calcium imaging, we show that npvf-expressing neurons innervate and can activate serotonergic RN neurons. We also demonstrate that chemogenetic or optogenetic stimulation of npvf-expressing neurons induces sleep in a manner that requires NPVF and serotonin in the RN. Finally, we provide genetic evidence that NPVF acts upstream of serotonin in the RN to maintain normal sleep levels. These findings reveal a novel hypothalamic-hindbrain neuronal circuit for sleep/wake control.
A unique chromatin profile defines adaptive genomic regions in a fungal plant pathogen
Authors: Cook David E , Kramer H Martin , Torres David E , Seidl Michael F , Thomma Bart P H J
Published: December 2020

Genomes store information at scales beyond the linear nucleotide sequence, which impacts genome function at the level of an individual, while influences on populations and long-term genome function remains unclear. Here, we addressed how physical and chemical DNA characteristics influence genome evolution in the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae. We identified incomplete DNA methylation of repetitive elements, associated with specific genomic compartments originally defined as Lineage-Specific (LS) regions that contain genes involved in host adaptation. Further chromatin characterization revealed associations with features such as H3 Lys-27 methylated histones (H3K27me3) and accessible DNA. Machine learning trained on chromatin data identified twice as much LS DNA as previously recognized, which was validated through orthogonal analysis, and we propose to refer to this DNA as adaptive genomic regions. Our results provide evidence that specific chromatin profiles define adaptive genomic regions, and highlight how different epigenetic factors contribute to the organization of these regions.
Antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces spp. isolated from Apis dorsata combs against some phytopathogenic bacteria
Authors: Promnuan Yaowanoot , Promsai Saran , Meelai Sujinan
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of actinomycetes isolated from combs of the giant honey bee, Apis dorsata. In total, 25 isolates were obtained from three different media and were screened for antimicrobial activity against four plant pathogenic bacteria (Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Pectobacterium carotovorum). Following screening using a cross-streaking method, three isolates showed the potential to inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria. Based on a 96-well microtiter assay, the crude extract of DSC3-6 had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against X. oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum of 16, 32, 32 and 64 mg L−1, respectively. The crude extract of DGA3-20 had MIC values against X. oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum of 32, 32, 32 and 64 mg L−1, respectively. The crude extract of DGA8-3 at 32 mgL−1 inhibited the growth of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum. Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences, all isolates were identified as members of the genus Streptomyces. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and of the phylogenetic tree based on the maximum likelihood algorithm showed that isolates DSC3-6, DGA3-20 and DGA8-3 were closely related to Streptomyces ramulosus (99.42%), Streptomyces axinellae (99.70%) and Streptomyces drozdowiczii (99.71%), respectively. This was the first report on antibacterial activity against phytopathogenic bacteria from actinomycetes isolated from the giant honey bee.
Sesamoids in Caudata and Gymnophiona (Lissamphibia): absences and evidence
Authors: Ponssa María Laura , Abdala Virginia
Published: December 2020

An integrative definition of sesamoid bones has been recently proposed, highlighting their relationship with tendons and ligaments, their genetic origin, the influence of epigenetic stimuli on their development, and their variable tissue composition. Sesamoid bones occur mainly associated with a large number of mobile joints in vertebrates, most commonly in the postcranium. Here, we present a survey of the distribution pattern of sesamoids in 256 taxa of Caudata and Gymnophiona and 24 taxa of temnospondyls and lepospondyls, based on dissections, high-resolution X-ray computed tomography from digital databases and literature data. These groups have a pivotal role in the interpretation of the evolution of sesamoids in Lissamphibia and tetrapods in general. Our main goals were: (1) to contribute to the knowledge of the comparative anatomy of sesamoids in Lissamphibia; (2) to assess the evolutionary history of selected sesamoids. We formally studied the evolution of the observed sesamoids by optimizing them in the most accepted phylogeny of the group. We identified only three bony or cartilaginous sesamoids in Caudata: the mandibular sesamoid, which is adjacent to the jaw articulation; one located on the mandibular symphysis; and one located in the posterior end of the maxilla. We did not observe any cartilaginous or osseous sesamoid in Gymnophiona. Mapping analyses of the sesamoid dataset of urodeles onto the phylogeny revealed that the very conspicuous sesamoid in the mandibular symphysis ofNecturus beyeriandAmphiuma tridactylumis an independent acquisition of these taxa. On the contrary, the sesamoid located between the maxilla and the lower jaw is a new synapomorphy that supports the node ofHydromantes platycephalusandKarsenia coreana. The absence of a mandibular sesamoid is plesiomorphic to Caudata, whereas it is convergent in seven different families. The absence of postcranial sesamoids in salamanders might reveal a paedomorphic pattern that would be visible in their limb joints.
CONCRETO PERMEÁVEL COM INCORPORAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Moura João Marcos Bosi Mendonça de , Gohr Pinheiro Ivone , Rohden Abrahão Bernardo
Published: December 2020

O aproveitamento de resíduos no concreto permeável pode reduzir a poluição ambiental assim como contribuir para a diminuição do consumo de matéria prima virgem e da disposição final de resíduos. Neste estudo de revisão analisou-se o resultado de pesquisas sobre concreto permeável com incorporação de resíduos como agregados ou finos. Os artigos selecionados foram buscados em periódicos científicos da base de dados do Science Direct e Scielo entre o ano de 2013 e 2020.  A busca resultou em 69 estudos que avaliaram a incorporação de resíduos no concreto permeável. Observou-se predomínio do uso de resíduos da construção civil compostos por concreto, argamassas, blocos e revestimentos cerâmicos. A influência da incorporação de resíduo nas propriedades físicas, mecânicas e hidráulicas do concreto permeável foi analisada, revelando que os melhores resultados são obtidos quando os resíduos são incorporados no concreto permeável como finos.
In vivo Antidiabetic Activities of Aqueous Extract of Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Eng, Rhizophora racemosa G. Mey and Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn
Authors: Camara A. K. , Baldé E. S. , Haidara M. , Camara A. , Guilavogui K. , Sanogo R. , Baldé A. M.
Published: December 2020

Aims: Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Eng (Araceae), Rhizophora racemosa G. Mey (Rhizophoraceae) and Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn (Strelitziaceae) are used in traditional medicine in Guinea for diabetes management. The aim of this work was to test the antidiabetic activity of these plants and to determine their toxicity.

Material and Methods: Extemporaneous extracts based on these plants were tested for their acute toxicity, their effects in normoglycemic rats and rendered hyper glycemic by the oral route in comparison with the glibenclamide an antidiabetic agent. Swiss albino mice and Male Wistar rats were used respectively for acute oral toxicity and antidiabetic activity.

Results: This study showed that the administration of the 2000 mg / kg dose of dry extracts in mice showed no acute toxicity and adverse effect. At a dose of 400 mg/kg these three plants showed significant hypoglycaemia effect. The average blood glucose levels ranged from 111.2 ± 6.2 to 84.6 ± 6.7 mg/dL (p<0.001) for A. difformis, 110.6 ± 6 to 93.2 mg/dL (p<0.05) for R. racemosa and 99.6 ± 14.4 to 82.3 mg/dL (p<0.05) for R. madagascariensis.

Conclusion: The results obtained on the antidiabetic properties of these three plants corroborates their traditional uses in the management of type 2 diabetes in the Republic of Guinea.
Novel Corona Virus (nCOVID-19; India): Chain Reaction Disease (CRD); Precaution-Prevention, Treatment A Review
Authors: Jadhav Santosh A. , Shioorkar Mahesh G. , Chavan Omprakash S. , Sabhadinde Sunil G. , Sonje Sangram B. , Shinde Devanand B.
Published: December 2020

Corona virus-2 (nCOVID-19), causes respiratory infection including cold, fever, sneezing and coughing, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea and upper respiratory diseases. It transmitted human to human via airborne droplets. Corona virus enters in human cell through membrane ACE-2 exopeptidase receptor. Corona virus (CV) previously it treated as non-fatal virus (NFV), HCoV-NH, SARS and MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. It was first isolated from Wuhan market China at December 2019, in world thus its name nCOVID-19. It is a Chain Reaction Disease (CRD) because of tremendously spread through contact human to human. WHO and ECDC advised to avoid public place - social distance and close contact (person-person) to infected persons, airborne droplet through sneezing and coughing. Some precautions, preventions and treatment of formerly synthesized anti-malarial, anti-biotic and anti-inflammatory etc drug used on novel corona virus disease.
Pharmacologic inhibition of Akt in combination with chemotherapeutic agents effectively induces apoptosis in ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines
Authors: Fabi François , Adam Pascal , Parent Sophie , Tardif Laurence , Cadrin Monique , Asselin Eric
Published: December 2020

The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the most frequently altered signaling system in human cancer, is a crucial inducer of dysregulated proliferation and neoplastic processes; however, few therapeutic strategies using PI3K/Akt inhibitors singly have been shown to be effective. The purpose of this paper was to underline the potential benefit of pharmacological modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway when combined with specific chemotherapeutic regimens. We have studied the ability of NVP‐BEZ235 (PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) and AZD5363 (Akt inhibitor) in the sensitization of cancer cells to cisplatin and doxorubicin. Our results show that NVP‐BEZ235 sensitizes cells preferentially to cisplatin while AZD5363 sensitizes cells to doxorubicin. At equal concentrations (5 μm), both inhibitors reduce ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation, but AZD5363 is more effective in reducing GSK3β phosphorylation as well as S6 phosphorylation. Additionally, AZD5363 is capable of inducing FOXO1 and p53 nuclear localization and reduces BAD phosphorylation, which is generally increased by cisplatin and doxorubicin. Finally, the combination of AZD5363 and doxorubicin induces apoptosis in cells and robustly reduces cell ability to clonally replicate, which underlines a potential cooperative effect of the studied compounds.
Auto‐Trending daily quality assurance program for a pencil beam scanning proton system aligned with TG 224
Authors: Shi Chengyu , Chen Qing , Yu Francis , Zhang Jingqiao , Kang Minglei , Tang Shikui , Chang Chang , Lin Haibo
Published: December 2020

The Daily Quality Assurance (DQA) for a proton modality is not standardized. The modern pencil beam scanning proton system is becoming a trend and an increasing number of proton centers with PBS are either under construction or in planning. The American Association of Physicists in Medicine has a Task Group 224 report published in 2019 for proton modality routine QA. Therefore, there is a clinical need to explore a DQA procedure to meet the TG 224 guideline. The MatriXX PT and a customized phantom were used for the dosimetry constancy checking. An OBI box was used for imaging QA. The MyQA(TM) software was used for logging the dosimetry results. An in‐house developed application was applied to log and auto analyze the DQA results. Another in‐house developed program "DailyQATrend" was used to create DQA databases for further analysis. All the functional and easy determined tasks passed. For dosimetry constancy checking, the outputs for four gantry rooms were within ±3% with room to room baseline differences within ±1%. The energy checking was within ±1%. The spot location checking from the baseline was within 0.63 mm and the spot size checking from the baseline was within −1.41 ± 1.27 mm (left–right) and −0.24 ± 1.27 mm (in–out) by averaging all the energies. We have found that there was also a trend for the beam energies of two treatment rooms slowly going down (0.76% per month and 0.48 per month) after analyzing the whole data trend with linear regression. A DQA program for a PBS proton system has been developed and fully implemented into the clinic. The DQA program meets the TG 224 guideline and has web‐based logging and auto treading functions. The clinical data show the DQA program is efficient and has the potential to identify the PBS proton system potential issue.
Potential benefits of adaptive intensity‐modulated proton therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Minatogawa Hideki , Yasuda Koichi , Dekura Yasuhiro , Takao Seishin , Matsuura Taeko , Yoshimura Takaaki , Suzuki Ryusuke , Yokota Isao , Fujima Noriyuki , Onimaru Rikiya , Shimizu Shinichi , Aoyama Hidefumi , Shirato Hiroki
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To investigate potential advantages of adaptive intensity‐modulated proton beam therapy (A‐IMPT) by comparing it to adaptive intensity‐modulated X‐ray therapy (A‐IMXT) for nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC).

Methods

Ten patients with NPC treated with A‐IMXT (step and shoot approach) and concomitant chemotherapy between 2014 and 2016 were selected. In the actual treatment, 46 Gy in 23 fractions (46Gy/23Fx.) was prescribed using the initial plan and 24Gy/12Fx was prescribed using an adapted plan thereafter. New treatment planning of A‐IMPT was made for the same patients using equivalent dose fractionation schedule and dose constraints. The dose volume statistics based on deformable images and dose accumulation was used in the comparison of A‐IMXT with A‐IMPT.

Results

The means of the Dmean of the right parotid gland (P < 0.001), right TM joint (P < 0.001), left TM joint (P < 0.001), oral cavity (P < 0.001), supraglottic larynx (P = 0.001), glottic larynx (P < 0.001), , middle PCM (P = 0.0371), interior PCM (P < 0.001), cricopharyngeal muscle (P = 0.03643), and thyroid gland (P = 0.00216), in A‐IMPT are lower than those of A‐IMXT, with statistical significance. The means of, D0.03cc, and Dmean of each sub portion of auditory apparatus and D30% for Eustachian tube and D0.5cc for mastoid volume in A‐IMPT are significantly lower than those of A‐IMXT. The mean doses to the oral cavity, supraglottic larynx, and glottic larynx were all reduced by more than 20 Gy (RBE = 1.1).

Conclusions

An adaptive approach is suggested to enhance the potential benefit of IMPT compared to IMXT to reduce adverse effects for patients with NPC.
For veterans with comorbid disorders, more care may mean it's less adequate
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2020

Two recent research papers highlight ongoing deficiencies in the provision of addiction and mental health treatment services to veterans, though the report focusing on depression treatment for patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) suggests that shortcomings in treatment for co‐occurring disorders affect all populations.
AATOD protests proposed 3‐day methadone/bupe bill
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2020

Proposed legislation that would allow anyone to dispense three days of buprenorphine or methadone to patients has been opposed by the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD). Many AATOD members are opioid treatment programs (OTPs), which dispense medications to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) — primarily, methadone, but also buprenorphine and naltrexone. The proposed legislation, H.R. 2281 (the Easy Medication Access and Treatment for Opioid Addiction Act), would require the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to revise regulations to allow a practitioner to administer up to a three‐day supply of opioids to an individual at one time “for purposes of relieving acute withdrawal symptoms while the individual awaits arrangements for narcotic treatment,” according to the bill summary. Current regulations authorize up to a one‐day supply of narcotic drugs for an individual at one time, for a total of up to three days.
Single Small Molecule‐Assembled Mitochondria Targeting Nanofibers for Enhanced Photodynamic Cancer Therapy In Vivo
Authors: Lin Kai , Ma Zhao , Li Jin , Tang Menghuan , Lindstrom Aaron , Ramachandran Mythili , Zhu Shaoming , Lin Tzu‐yin , Zhang Lanwei , Li Yuanpei
Published: December 2020

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an attractive alternative in cancer therapy, but its therapeutic effects are limited by the nonselective subcellular localization and poor intratumoral retention of small‐molecule photosensitizes. Here a fiber‐forming nanophotosensitizer (PQC NF) that is composed of mitochondria targeting small molecules of amphiphilicity is reported. Harnessing the specific mitochondria targeting, the light‐activated PQC NFs produce approximately 110‐fold higher amount of reactive oxygen species in cells than free photosensitizers and can dramatically induce mitochondrial disruption to trigger intense apoptosis, showing 20–50 times better in vitro anticancer potency than traditional photosensitizers. As fiber‐shaped nanomaterials, PQC NFs also demonstrated a long‐term retention in tumor sites, solving the challenge of rapid clearance of small‐molecule photosensitizers from tumors. With these advantages, PQC NFs achieve a 100% complete cure rate in both subcutaneous and orthotopic oral cancer models with the administration of only a single dose. This type of single small molecule‐assembled mitochondria targeting nanofibers offers an advantageous strategy to improve the in vivo therapeutic effects of conventional PDT.
Tough and Flexible, Super Ion‐Conductive Electrolyte Membranes for Lithium‐Based Secondary Battery Applications
Authors: Mong Anh Le , Shi Qing Xuan , Jeon Hyungjoon , Ye Yun Sheng , Xie Xiao Lin , Kim Dukjoon
Published: December 2020

Recently, stringent requirements brought on by environmental regulations and safety issues are driving the development of solid electrolytes to replace conventional liquid electrolyte systems for lithium‐based secondary batteries (LiBs). However, the low Li‐ion conductivity and/or poor mechanical properties of electrolytes remain the main obstacles hindering their commercialization. Hierarchitectural and composite polymer separators (CPSs) based on electrolyte membranes have been reported as promising tools for both high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability. In light of such work, the new types of flexible electrolytes based on phase‐separated and mixed‐phase morphologies achieved via self‐assembly and the use of functional molecular composites are reviewed along with the fundamental mechanisms associated with such systems. In particular, the structure and morphology, ionic conductivity, thermal/mechanical stability, and fabrication of polymer electrolytes are introduced. Additionally, recent advancements in CPSs including methods of ensuring low interfacial resistance, the respective contributions of these critical factors to the significant functional properties of CPSs, and directions for development and essential applications in the field of CPSs for LiBs are presented. Based on previous works, the perspectives put forth will aid in the design of advanced electrolytes for practical Li secondary batteries in the near future.
Ligand‐Programmed Consecutive Symmetry Break(s) in Nanoparticle Based Materials Showing Emergent Phenomena: Transitioning from Sixfold to Threefold Symmetry in Anisotropic ZnO Colloids
Authors: Theiss Sebastian , Voggel Michael , Kuper Henning , Hoermann Martin , Krings Ulrich , Baum Peter , Becker Joerg August , Wittmann Valentin , Polarz Sebastian
Published: December 2020

The central promise of nanoparticle‐based materials is that cooperative properties may emerge, when individual quantum dots are positioned on a periodic lattice. Yet, there are only a few papers in the literature reporting such effects. Nevertheless, it is clear that the symmetry of the superlattice is decisive for the desired emergent phenomena. An interesting question is, how the symmetry of the initial monodisperse nanoparticles affects the structure of the colloidal crystal during self‐assembly processes. For instance, particles with a hexagonal cross‐section demonstrate self‐organization, which is very similar to spherical colloids. Likewise, one would also expect that trigonal nanoparticles behave similarly. Unfortunately, it is very hard to obtain monodisperse semiconductor colloids with a trigonal shape, because this requires a symmetry break during morphogenesis of the nanocrystal. While such a symmetry break is known in the literature for structures attached to a solid substrate, herein, colloidal synthesis of trigonal ZnO nanorods is successfully demonstrated, and the mechanism is elucidated via experimental and theoretical methods. 2D‐superlattices formed by such particles with trigonal cross‐section are compared to hexagonal analogues. It is found that there are distinct differences, which result in important differences in properties such as the formation of voids and also in optical properties.
Smart Laser‐Writable Micropatterns with Multiscale Photo/Moisture Reconstructible Structure
Authors: Zeng Songshan , Liu Yin , Li Shuliang , Shen Kuangyu , Hou Zaili , Chooi Aimee P. , Smith Andrew T. , Chen Zi , Sun Luyi
Published: December 2020

The design of a dynamic, versatile, convertible, and responsive micropatterned system is realized by a photo/moisture reconstructible multiscale film‐substrate bilayer structure. Specifically, a hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/laponite (LP) thin film is covalently bonded to a photothermally active polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/carbon black (CB) soft substrate. A laser engraver can inscribe programmable aligned micro‐wrinkles by manipulating laser power and spatiotemporal control. These wrinkles can be modulated into three distinct systems 1) moisture erasable and laser re‐writable wrinkles; 2) moisture driven reversible wrinkles; 3) moisture resistant wrinkles, which are achieved by controlling a) the moisture resistance of PVA; b) the dimensional stability of PVA/LP film regulated by the LP nanostructure, which can be adjusted by the laser power and the LP ratio. This programmable system can be applied in information encryption/recording and as a moisture responsive electrical switch, offering new routes for the modulations and applications of next generation smart materials.
Extremely Fast Optical and Nonvolatile Control of Mixed‐Phase Multiferroic BiFeO3 via Instantaneous Strain Perturbation
Authors: Liou Yi‐De , Ho Sheng‐Zhu , Tzeng Wen‐Yen , Liu Yu‐Chen , Wu Ping‐Chun , Zheng Junding , Huang Rong , Duan Chun‐Gang , Kuo Chang‐Yang , Luo Chih‐Wei , Chen Yi‐Chun , Yang Jan‐Chi
Published: December 2020

Multiferroics—materials that exhibit coupled ferroic orders—are considered to be one of the most promising candidate material systems for next‐generation spintronics, memory, low‐power nanoelectronics and so on. To advance potential applications, approaches that lead to persistent and extremely fast functional property changes are in demand. Herein, it is revealed that the phase transition and the correlated ferroic orders in multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) can be modulated via illumination of single short/ultrashort light pulses. Heat transport simulations and ultrafast optical pump‐probe spectroscopy reveal that the transient strain induced by light pulses plays a key role in determining the persistent final states. Having identified the diffusionless phase transformation features via scanning transmission electron microscopy, sequential laser pulse illumination is further demonstrated to perform large‐area phase and domain manipulation in a deterministic way. The work contributes to all‐optical and rapid nonvolatile control of multiferroicity, offering different routes while designing novel optoelectronics.
High Efficiency Polarization‐Encoded Holograms with Ultrathin Bilayer Spin‐Decoupled Information Metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Zheng Xing , Wu Jun Wei , Wu Liang Wei , Gou Yue , Ma Hui Feng , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun
Published: December 2020

Information metasurfaces, including digital coding and programmable metasurfaces, have reformed the design theory of metasurfaces from effective medium to coding pattern, and bridged the physical and digital world. Metasurface hologram has shown great potential in imaging and manipulating electromagnetic waves. In this work, bilayer information metasurfaces are proposed to achieve polarization‐encoded holograms in microwave regime. The designed metasurfaces consist of 3‐bit spin‐decoupled meta‐atoms, which possess ultrathin profiles (0.14λ0) and high cross‐polarization transmittance (over 0.8). The incident wave, which is right‐handed circularly polarized or left‐handed circularly polarized, is encoded with code “0” or “1”. The spin‐decoupled design is combined with diffuse scattering and holographic technology. Based on this, a novel algorithm is proposed to generate coding sequences according to the code of incident wave, to achieve different functionalities for corresponding circularly polarized channels. In this way, polarization‐encoded holograms, including diffuse scattering holograms (code “00”), single channel holograms (code “01” or “10”), and spin‐selective holograms (code “11”), are achieved. Simulated and measured results show that the maximum imaging efficiency can reach up to 65.1%, verifying the high efficiency of this holographic technology. This work is expected to open a way of realizing more complicated and higher efficiency information metasurface holography.
Reconfigurable Perovskite LEC: Effects of Ionic Additives and Dual Function Devices
Authors: Gets Dmitry , Alahbakhshi Masoud , Mishra Aditya , Haroldson Ross , Papadimitratos Alexios , Ishteev Artur , Saranin Danila , Anoshkin Sergey , Pushkarev Anatoly , Danilovskiy Eduard , Makarov Sergey , Slinker Jason D. , Zakhidov Anvar A.
Published: December 2020

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite light‐emitting devices (LEDs) have recently shown the characteristic dynamical behavior of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), with intrinsic ionic migration creating an electric double layer and internal p‐i‐n structure and by accumulation of ions at interfaces. Therefore, the development of perovskite light‐emitting and photovoltaic devices based on the concepts of LEC operation attracts much attention and clarifies general physical processes in perovskites. Here, new directions that can further improve perovskite optoelectronic devices and extend their functionalities using additive mobile ions are overviewed: 1) enhancing single‐layer LECs with lithium additives for increased efficiency and longer lifetime; 2) facilitating ionic motion in three‐layer perovskite LECs to create dual‐functional devices, operating as both LEC and solar cells; and 3) creating truly ambipolar LEC devices with carbon nanotubes as stable electrodes that leverage ionic doping. Taken together, the use of these approaches provides a strategy to create efficient, stable, and bright LECs, which use advantages of both LED and LEC operation. It is discussed that how the LEC behavior in perovskite LEDs can be further improved to address the long‐term challenges in perovskite optoelectronics, such as stability, through approaches like ionically reconfigurable host/guest systems.
Thermomorphic Polyethylene‐Supported Organocatalysts for the Valorization of Vegetable Oils and CO2
Authors: Akhdar Ayman , Onida Killian , Vu Nam Duc , Grollier Kevin , Norsic Sébastien , Boisson Christophe , D'Agosto Franck , Duguet Nicolas
Published: December 2020

A range of thermomorphic polyethylene‐supported organocatalysts is prepared from N‐alkyl imidazoles and polyethylene iodide (PEI) with good yields (85–92%) and high funtionality (98–99%). The catalytic activity of these species is studied for the ring opening of epoxidized methyl oleate with CO2 to give the corresponding cyclic carbonate. The reaction is carried out at 100 °C to fully exploit the thermomorphic behavior of the organocatalysts. The optimized conditions (neat, 100 °C, and 20 bar of CO2) are applied to a range of epoxidized fatty acids, including an epoxidized rapeseed oil, to give the corresponding carbonates with good yields (75–96%). The catalyst recycling is also studied, and no significant loss of activity is observed after ten runs. The fatty carbonates are important intermediates for the preparation of non‐isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs).
Electrothermal Color Tuning of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Using Interdigitated Electrode Patterns
Authors: Froyen Arne A. F. , Wübbenhorst Michael , Liu Danqing , Schenning Albert P. H. J.
Published: December 2020

A transparent color‐tunable device is presented based on an electrothermal response by using interdigitated electrode patterns. The response is generated by applying an in‐plane AC electric field that heats up a thermosensitive cholesteric liquid crystal mixture. The induced temperature elevations cause band gap shifting (Δλ > 350 nm) up until a colorless state is reached, corresponding to the isotropic phase. Color shifting can be tuned manually by varying the electric field or autonomously by the surrounding temperature. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy reveals that the electrothermal response originates from resistive heating of the transparent electrode pattern in conjunction with the cell capacitance and is therefore largely dependent on the electrode configuration. Hence, the electrothermal response can be easily modified by changing the electrode pattern, frequency and/or voltage, dependent on the user's requirements. Therefore, the ability of this technique to manipulate the autonomous thermal response by an electric field, using only one conductive substrate, shows promise in the field of optoelectronics, sensors, and smart windows.
Sustained Release‐Driven Formation of Ultrastable SEI between Li6PS5Cl and Lithium Anode for Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Chen Ya , Li Wenwen , Sun Changzhi , Jin Jun , Wang Qing , Chen Xiaodong , Zha Wenping , Wen Zhaoyin
Published: December 2020

The sulfide‐type solid electrolyte (SSE) is considered a promising candidate for solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) owing to its advantages of superior ionic conductivity. Nevertheless, the incompatibility of the sulfide and lithium metal can result in undesirable interface resistance and rapid Li dendrite growth, which seriously hinders its commercial applications. Herein, inspired by the moderation and long duration of sustained release drug carriers when combined with active pharmaceutical ingredients in the biomedical field, poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) gradually interact with a Li anode with constantly decreased Li/SSE interfacial resistance. In addition to intimate contact, the ultrastable LiF‐enriched solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is in situ formed via a sustained release effect, which suppresses the Li dendrite effectively. As a result, the symmetric cells demonstrate stable cycling performance for 1200 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 and 300 h at 0.5 mA cm−2. Moreover, LiFePO4/ Li6PS5Cl /Li SSLMB delivers a high discharge capacity of over 132.8 mAh g−1 for 900 cycles at 1C with steady Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this sustained release mechanism and its initially successful application in interfacial modification increase the potential for commercial applications of SSLMBs.
Design of on‐farm precision experiments to estimate site‐specific crop responses
Authors: Alesso Carlos Agustín , Cipriotti Pablo Ariel , Bollero Germán Alberto , Martin Nicolas Federico
Published: December 2020

Site‐specific prescriptions require estimating response functions to controllable inputs across the field. The methodology of applying geographically weighted regression to on‐farm precision experimentation studies opens new opportunities to study site‐specific responses to inputs in farmers' fields by locally estimating the regression coefficients. However, the effect of the experiment's spatial layout, such as plot dimensions and randomization, and spatial structure of the yield response on the experiment performance are yet to be studied. Detailed information about these effects is needed to improve trial design to detect site‐specific responses. A simulation study was conducted using 14,400 fields of 37 ha and 9‐m resolution. Coefficients from a spatial variable response function were drawn from five random fields generated by unconditional Gaussian geostatistical simulations. Four levels of nitrogen were assigned to plots using 18 systematic and randomized chessboard designs with different plot sizes. Simulated yield data was obtained by combining the coefficients, treatment, and random error. The effect of spatial structure and the designs was assessed with measures of agreement between the true and estimated maps of regression coefficients. The ability to capture or approximate the true spatial pattern of the response function increased as the underlying response function's spatial structure increases. Overall differences in performance between design were observed across the spatial structure tested, mostly related to randomization and plot dimensions. In general best results were achieved by systematic designs with small or intermediate plot sizes (r = 0.54 ± 0.05, MAE = 0.005 ± 0.0005, SDR = 0.81 ± 0.06, and CP = 0.50 ± 0.04). Our methodology provides a path for testing designs under different spatial variability scenarios.
Design of formulated products integrating heuristic knowledge and consumer assessment
Authors: Arrieta‐Escobar Javier A. , Camargo Mauricio , Morel Laure , Bernardo Fernando P. , Orjuela Alvaro , Wendling Laurent
Published: December 2020

This work proposes a systematic approach for the design of formulated products incorporating consumer assessment and heuristic knowledge. The methodology is divided into two main phases: Consumer assessment and product realization. In the first part, product attributes valued by consumers and their interactions are identified through usability tests performed on a reference product, and fuzzy integral analysis. In the second phase, alternative product formulations are generated using a mixed‐integer optimization approach, which incorporates heuristic rules regarding the choice of ingredients and their amounts. The results from the consumer assessment phase are transformed into additional heuristics and incorporated into the design. Different alternative formulations are generated at a lab‐scale, by using two commercial skin moisturizers as references. Those formulations that included additional heuristics are shown to be more similar to the references. As a result, the incorporation of consumer preferences significantly reduced the time and resources spent on the design process.
Aktuelle Trends zu Metall‐organischen und kovalenten organischen Netzwerken als Membranmaterialien
Authors: Hosseini Monjezi Bahram , Kutonova Ksenia , Tsotsalas Manuel , Henke Sebastian , Knebel Alexander
Published: December 2020

Metall‐organische Netzwerke (MOFs) und kovalente organische Netzwerke (COFs) wurden in den letzten Jahren intensiv auf Anwendungen als Gastrennmembranen untersucht. Seitdem wurden modernste Präparationsverfahren für MOFs und COFs als Partikel, Dünnschichtmembranen und als Mixed‐Matrix‐Membranen (MMMs) entwickelt. Es werden neuartige Verfahren und hochfunktionale Materialien vorgestellt: Zeolithische Imidazolat‐Netzwerke (ZIFs) können zu Gläsern umgeformt werden, und ein Einblick in ihre Verwendung für Membranen wird gegeben. Im Weiteren bieten Flüssigkeiten mit permanenter Porosität eine Flüssigprozessierbarkeit zur Herstellung extrem potenter MMMs. Auch MOF‐Materialien, die durch externe Stimuli beeinflusst werden, zeigen neue Wege zur Steigerung der Effizienz durch In‐situ‐Techniken auf. Gegenwärtig werden COFs mit ihren großen Poren z. B. für das Quantensieben genutzt, und durch Ausnutzung ihres Stapelverhaltens sind auch molekularsiebende COF‐Membranen möglich. In ähnlicher Weise können poröse Polymere unter Verwendung von MOF‐Templaten hergestellt werden, die dann in Gastrennmembranen Verwendung finden.