bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE STUDY OF LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW IN TURBINE TYPE OF FLOW METERS
Authors: Elmar Agayev Elmar Agayev
Published: September 2023

The paper studies the operation of a turbine-type flow meter under various operating modes. In the industry, flow measuring devices are widely used on oil and gas platforms and terminals. In the processes of production, processing and transportation of oil and gas, which is a strategic raw material, strict state control of its consumption is carried out precisely by means of consumption measurement. A performance study has been carried out for turbine - type gas flow meters under laminar and turbulent gas flow conditions .. One of the main factors that cause damage to the mechanical parts of turbine and rotor type gas flow meters during operation was the study of flow changes. The proposed method to prevent flow changes was considered. The principle of work of the proposed scheme is based on the connection of a flow regulator before the flow meter being tested to the same gas line. In this case, the transition of the flow from the laminar regime to the turbulent regime is prevented, as well as the rotating mechanical parts are protected from sudden rotation and damage. In ideal rotation, it is assumed that the flow through the turbine meter is uniform, incompressible, and steady, and the turbine blade rotates without friction. Under these conditions, the speed of rotation of the impeller is determined by the pitch of the turbine impeller. Keywords: turbine-type flow meter, ideal rotation, turbulent flow, laminar flow, Reynolds number.
A FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR A MOBILE ROBOT WITH OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE
Authors: Mahabbat Khudaverdiyeva, Elvin Yusubov Mahabbat Khudaverdiyeva, Elvin Yusubov , Ismayil Sadigli Ismayil Sadigli
Published: September 2023

This research paper presents a mobile robot based on the MAMDANI fuzzy inference system. The mobile robot is equipped with three pairs of HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors to detect the distance between the robot and obstacles. A fuzzy logic controller is built into the STM32F4 microcontroller platform to generate the actuation signal for the DC motor mounted on each robot wheel. To perform obstacle avoidance, a sensor capable of detecting the distance between the robot and the obstacle must be installed so that the controller can calculate and determine the appropriate control signal to send to the robot's actuator. In achieving this goal, the robot can perform movements at a constant speed or at a variable speed. When the distance between the robot and the obstacle is too far, the speed is too fast. Then, as the distance to the obstacle increases, the speed decreases. Such a control mechanism can be implemented with certain control methods installed in the controller. The data obtained from the ultrasonic sensors are expressed as linguistic variables that indicate the speed of movement of each wheel in fuzzy sets. A robot with a fuzzy logic controller based on a rule table is designed to achieve uninterrupted motion with obstacle avoidance capability.
Keywords: STM32F4 microcontroller, Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy inference system, mobile robot, obstacle avoidance.
DESIGN OF CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MANUFACTURING OF PERIODICAL MULTILAYER X-RAY MIRRORS
Authors: Oleksiy Penkov, Mingfeng Li Oleksiy Penkov, Mingfeng Li , Pengyuan Wu, Jiong Jin Pengyuan Wu, Jiong Jin
Published: September 2023

Periodical multilayer mirrors (PMMs) are coatings used in various industrial and scientific applications for the manipulation of X-Rays. PPMs consist of periodically repeated stacks; every stack comprises nanolayers of several different materials. The number of stacks may vary from 50 to 500. Manufacturing such coatings, consisting of hundreds of nanolayers, needs precise sputtering deposition systems. A deposition system must provide a stable deposition rate and accurate deposition time control. This paper developed a new process control system to satisfy these requirements. Before running the deposition process, the final script is saved automatically to a backup folder; the file name is created automatically and includes the date and time that is why every deposition can be repeated with the same parameters. Multithreading and precise microcontrollers allowed real-time management of the deposition process and increased user interface responsiveness. System architecture and hardware structure schemes for robust PMMs manufacturing were designed. Corresponding operator software having custom script language was developed to provide flexibility and simplicity of operation. The architecture of the software allowed high responsiveness of the user interfaces. The system was tested to verify the reliability of the deposition process and the high quality of PMMs.
Keywords: Process control, vacuum, sputtering, automation, SCADA, user interface.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND TREND OF URBAN SMART TOURISM
Authors: Aygul Hasanli Aygul Hasanli
Published: September 2023

Technological developments, which are closely related to the tourism sector, have led to the concepts of “smart tourism”. The smart city approach is the basis of smart concepts for tourism. For this reason, in order to realize “smart tourism” applications in a tourism destination, it is necessary to develop “smart city” infrastructure for that city first. Therefore, it would be a correct approach to evaluate “smart city” and “smart tourism” applications as integrated with each other, enhancing and enriching the quality of life of the local people in that city, and enriching the experiences of those who temporarily visit that city, supported by advanced internet technologies.
When we look at the current “smart tourism” objects, it is seen that internet-supported applications have been developed in important tourism destinations, which especially regulate the tourist's use of time, make use of transportation services, obtain information about tourist attractions, and facilitate their use. These are the practices that contribute significantly to the quality of the touristic experience of the tourist at the destination. Thus, it is very important to develop applications related to “smart tourism”, primarily in destinations that have worldwide awareness and significant touristic attractions.
Keywords: “Smart city”, “smart tourism”, information technologies, modernization, urban planning.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF ACTIVE ASPIRATION ALARM SYSTEMS IN FIRE SAFETY
SYSTEMS OF MANY-STOREYED HIGH BUILDINGS
Authors: Javida Damirova, Farid Agayev Javida Damirova, Farid Agayev , Ruslan Dadashov Ruslan Dadashov
Published: September 2023

At present, multi-story high-rise buildings are becoming one of the most widely used buildings in cities. Now it is very difficult to imagine urban architecture without them. The increase in the urban population in cities is the result of an increase in the level of urbanization. As a result, the price of land increases due to the lack of free land in cities. Thus, the construction of multi-story buildings has become an inevitable solution to this issue, but this, in turn, has led to new problems.
Depending on the purpose, composition, and number of technical systems, multi-story buildings are complex engineering and technical objects. On the one hand, the use of engineering and technical systems leads to an increase in the standard of living of people living standards, but they are also the main causes of new problems. For example, high-rise buildings are quite large consumers of electrical energy, both as objects and as subjects of these buildings, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in the likelihood of a fire in them.
To prevent such undesirable cases, one has to use fire safety systems, one of the components of building automation. One of the main responsibilities of fire safety systems is to determine the initial stage of ignition and quickly detect its source, only, in this case, it can be eliminated or at least localized. The life and property of people can be protected.
The main purpose of this article is to consider the currently unused active aspiration system in multi-story high-rise buildings as an alternative to currently used systems to improve efficiency in terms of fire safety. The article includes the appointment of an active aspiration system, the principle of operation, and the main characteristics, and functions of those designed for early fire detection. In addition, several options and a comparative analysis of an active aspiration system are considered to create a highly efficient fire safety system for high-rise buildings.
Keywords: fire protection systems, smoke exhaust systems, fire protection sensors, aspirator alarm systems, automatic building systems.
DEVELOPMENT, INSTRUMENTATION, AND ANALYSIS OF RECOIL THROUGH A RIFLE SCOPE
Authors: José Simões, Eurico Seabra José Simões, Eurico Seabra , Nuno Dourado, Doug Hart Nuno Dourado, Doug Hart
Published: September 2023

The research and development of new technologies to incorporate in the sport optics field have orientated the design, development, and construction of new riflescopes with state-of-the-art materials, processes, and technology. With each evolution, the riflescope should be evaluated to observe and acquire data on how the riflescope behaves during recoil. For this, the data acquisition and test setup should be easy to maintain, portable, and fast setup addition, measurements should be repeatable and low-cost. A literature review was conducted to check what has been done, what sensors and data acquisition controllers were used, the setup type, and the results. The sensor selection process required numerous specifications to filter the possible sensors for the ideal selection. The main factors and basis for the appointment were weight, G force, frequency, and price. The calculated theoretical max acceleration suffered by the rifle setup is 114g. The sensor also must be easily mounted/unmounted to/from the riflescope body. Furthermore, the sensor should be rigidly fixed not to suffer any unnecessary vibration from the interface and interfere with the measured data. Finally, the data acquisition should be accomplished relatively quickly to measure all the necessary data points. Sensors and accessories from various manufacturers were researched that fit the requirements. However, due to cost limitations, the selected sensor was the ADXL372.The testing setup includes a rifle and riflescope assembly on a stand. The sensor is guided and fixed on the riflescope, and a microcontroller reads and stores the acquired values. As a result, the testing setup is easy to transport and has a quick and repeatable structure. The measured acceleration values can calculate acceleration curves, displacement, velocity, and forces. The setup is ideal as it can be used to monitor the riflescope reaction on each test point, and results can have many uses, such as validating a numerical model FEA simulation. This paper will present and discuss the instrumentation and setup needed to read acceleration values on a riflescope from the firearm recoil and analyze the data for further use and interpretation.
Keywords: Rifle scope, Recoil, accelerometer, MEMS, ICP, Arduino, ADXL372.
COMFORT ANALYSIS COMPARISON BETWEEN ALFAPENDULAR AND INTERCITY PORTUGUESE TRAINS AT THE NORTH RAIL
Authors: Patrícia Silva, Eurico Seabra Patrícia Silva, Eurico Seabra , Joaquim Gabriel Mendes Joaquim Gabriel Mendes
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, trains are one of the most used public transportation modes. Comfort is the key to keeping and attracting new users. Vibration highly influences comfort levels and, once it is derived from the train motion it is stated as a primary concern. Due to contact with the seat and floor, passengers are subjected to whole-body vibration. ISO 2631 standard is fully dedicated to the evaluation of this type of vibration. Following its approach, the present research evaluates the comfort levels of Alfapendular and Intercity trains operating in Portugal at the Porto Campanhã – Lisbon Oriente connection. Measurements were performed at the beginning, middle, and end of the train, allowing a comparison between seat types within the same train and the same types from different trains. Results showed higher comfort levels for the Alfapendular trains, while for the Intercity train, both middle and end of train locations were ranked as “Little uncomfortable”. As a complementary analysis, it was observed the vibration transmission of the seat based on the Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility (SEAT). Results were above 100%, showing vibration amplification by all tested seats. Higher SEAT values were found for the Intercity train seat. This was the first study conducted on Portuguese trains regarding comfort analysis and vibration transmission.
Keywords: Railways, Whole-body vibration, Vibration transmission, SEAT.
TECHNOLOGICAL MODELLING OF SMART PACKAGING BASED ON INTERNATIONAL PACKAGING STANDARDS
Authors: Hasan Askarli, Maya Karimova Hasan Askarli, Maya Karimova
Published: September 2023

As the end result of the overall process, improperly packaged product and packaging containers with low quality can lead to risks and high damage. One of the current problems is the lack of packaging containers that meet the high requirements for the successful delivery of specific products. A number of internal and external influences and risks occur throughout the whole process, and a brand-new packaging model is needed to minimize and eliminate those factors. Requirements and instructions for the packaging process are completely recorded in ISO international standards. In this article, the technical model of the new intelligent packaging containers is drawn up in AutoCAD (following the requirements of the standards), and an explanation of each specification is included. The structure of the model, the layers of protection and the used equipment and their functions are shown. Traceability can also be achieved through the application of navigation systems, and thanks to this, it can be determined where the packaging containers are and at what time intervals they will be delivered. The application of the live location system will provide the user with a wide range of opportunities. With drone technology, which is one of the new generation technologies, the delivery process can be carried out over long distances. Application will be used to constantly inform the user and monitor the system. Risk assessment, marketing and financial values should be considered.
Keywords: Packaging, packaging container, delivery process, SMART packaging, international standard (ISO).
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURON NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC IN DIAGNOSTIC AND FORECASTING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF TRACTION MOTORS
Authors: Elshan Manafov, Farid Huseynov Elshan Manafov, Farid Huseynov
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the application of artificial intelligence in diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of electric motors. Currently, a number of traditional and modern methods are used to perform diagnostic monitoring of electric motors, and research is being conducted in this field. The application of traditional diagnostic monitoring systems in the diagnosis of motors faces problems in determining the normal and threshold values of the diagnostic parameters that cannot be measured in the working condition due to the lack of uncertain information. Various traditional methods are applied to partially overcome these problems and increase the effectiveness of diagnostic control in working conditions.
The development of computer technology and its application in technology paved the way for the creation of more modern diagnostic monitoring systems. Modern diagnostic monitoring methods based on Soft Computing play an important role in optimizing the working condition of motors and increasing their stability. As a result of the research, it was found that the application of artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic-based diagnostic systems, which are pioneers of these methods, together with traditional methods in monitoring the technical condition of motors, will lead to the creation of new hybrid and complex systems.
Keywords: Traction motor, fuzzy logic, neural networks, diagnostic monitoring.
QUESTIONS OF SELF-CALIBRATION OF SATELLITE TOOLS FOR DETERMINING THE VOLUME OF BURNED ASSOCIATED GAS IN FLARE
Authors: Lala Bekirova, Ilgar Asadov Lala Bekirova, Ilgar Asadov
Published: September 2023

The possibility of carrying out mutual calibration of satellite means for determining the volume of associated gas burned in flares was analyzed. Existing satellite methods for estimating the total amount of associated hydrocarbon gas flared, implemented on the basis of MODIS and VIIRS data, are considered. Methods have been developed for inter sensor calibration of satellite meters, implemented by introducing an additive calibration correction for the measured temperature of objects outside the plume in the first case, when the MODIS data are calibrated according to the VIIRS readings and for the plume emissivity, in the case when the VİİRS readings are calibrated according to the MODIS readings. The problem of the optimal choice of the temperature of the gas torches, at which the emission of an aerosol such as elemental carbon (BC) can be reduced in comparison with the maximum generation level, is considered and solved. With the full knowledge of the frequency statistics of the appearance of low-temperature flares and the appearance of high-temperature flares, the proposed mathematical model allows us to estimate the maximum formation of a dangerous aerosol to prevent the formation of a hazard and allows us to calculate the remaining quantities if the values of five quantities are known from the set of variables participating in the model. The proposed model makes it possible to determine the maximum emission and its average temperature expectation.
Keywords: Associated gas, calibration, satellite measurements, flame, temperature.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CHOOSING EFFECTIVE ADVERTISING IN THE PREVENTION AND PREDICTION OF HARMFUL HABITS AND SUICIDAL PROBLEMS IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Amaliya Hasanova, Sabina Aliyeva Amaliya Hasanova, Sabina Aliyeva
Published: September 2023

Harmful habits are behaviors that are considered to have a negative impact on many people's health and prevent them from getting the benefit of their opportunities to achieve their goals throughout their life. There is a plethora of data about the most well-known individuals around the world who later died as a consequence of drug addiction. It is essential that those who end their lives by giving up a healthy lifestyle and accepting harmful habits realize the physical differences among health and illness in order to stop young people from taking this path. Obviously, those who elect this path do not read understanding and knowledge articles or watch commercials on suicide issues, but others who wish to assist such victims should be aware of them. The instructional model needs considerable support for young people who are prone to destructive habits and suicidal expressions since the sufferers of bad behaviors are serious patients. it's necessary to remain far from the surroundings wherever these tools area unit used, and if necessary, contact a specialist. İt's necessary to not enable these deadly suggests to destroy human life before the method has concentrated and addiction has begun. These habits not solely damage a human health, however conjointly stop them from achieving their goals and victimization their opportunities.
Keywords: Harmful habits, suicide, prevention, advertising, social networks, anonymous qualified helpers, individual characteristics, psychological services, gender, religion.
ISSUES OF TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION OF CENTRALIZED COMBUSTION OF ASSOCIATED HYDROCARBON GAS FROM SOURCES WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF METHANE.
Authors: Ilgar Asadov, Sevindj Abdullayeva Ilgar Asadov, Sevindj Abdullayeva
Published: September 2023

A method for technological optimization of centralized combustion of associated hydrocarbon gas from sources with different methane concentrations is proposed. A technological scheme for the centralized combustion of hydrocarbon gas from sources with different concentrations of CH4 has been drawn up. An optimization problem was formulated and solved, the solution of which, under a certain restrictive condition, made it possible to obtain the optimal relationship between the concentration of CH4 in associated gas and wind speed. As a result of the optimization carried out, the optimal procedure for the functioning of the developed technological scheme for the centralized combustion of the associated gas was recommended. To determine the conditions for achieving the maximum functional efficiency of the proposed technological scheme, an optimization problem was compiled and solved, the solution of which, under a certain restrictive condition, made it possible to obtain the optimal relationship between the concentration of CH4 in associated gas and wind speed. As a result of the optimization carried out, the optimal procedure for the functioning of the proposed technological scheme for the centralized combustion of associated gas from various sources was developed.
Keywords: Harmful habits, suicide, prevention, advertising, social networks, anonymous, qualified helpers, individual characteristics, psychological services, gender, religion.
CALCULATING THE UNCERTAINTY OF MULTI-FUNCTIONAL EQUIPMENT AND PREPARATION
OF THE UNCERTAINTY BUDGET
Authors: Hasan Askarli, Mahammadali Aliyev Hasan Askarli, Mahammadali Aliyev , Maya Karimova Maya Karimova
Published: September 2023

Measuring uncertainty is not easy to calculate. Due to the large number of factors and parameters affecting the process during uncertainty assessment of complex objects, it is necessary to perform a correct assessment. In automated processes and automatically controlled systems, the factors affecting the measurement result are different. Engineers have trouble estimating uncertainty. Therefore, it is necessary to disclose an exclusive six-step process to calculate the measurement uncertainty and put together these instructions. Learn how to calculate measurement uncertainty in six easy-to-use steps. Also, what information is needed to calculate the uncertainty, how to obtain the uncertainty capability, and how to use calculations to obtain an overestimation or underestimation of the uncertainty. In addition, you can get some exclusive tips to help you calculate uncertainty like a pro with the help of the extract. Both production equipment and production systems can never be completely described or predicted. It is a contradiction for an engineer to get an accurate measurement and get the process right. Even if the engineer performs the measurement at a very high level, there will still be additional effects on the measurement result and the measurement process. Accordingly, this article can be used to estimate uncertainty.
Keywords: Uncertainty, uncertainty calculation, distribution, budget, standard deviation, A and B type of uncertainty, expanded and combined uncertainty.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON RELAY SCATTERING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Aytaj Badalova, Surkhay Safarov Aytaj Badalova, Surkhay Safarov , Kamaladdin Ramazanov Kamaladdin Ramazanov
Published: September 2023

In the article, the problem relevance of solving many methodological issues by means of mathematical modeling is due to the fact that the technological possibilities of controlling remote sensing signals with the necessary accuracy are limited, and considering that the main type of scattering of electromagnetic waves during remote sensing with the help of artificial Earth satellites is Relay scattering and the issue of mathematical modeling of the evaluation of the impact of meteorological factors on this process of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere was solved. For this purpose, the structure of the mathematical model was selected and its adequacy was checked and For a more detailed investigation of the capabilities of the mathematical model, computational experiments were conducted. In order to verify the adequacy of the mathematical model of the assessment of the influence of meteorological factors on the Rayleigh (molecular) scattering of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, the values of the molecular scattering coefficient calculated using the appropriate formula and were reconciled with the data provided in the relevant literature sources. The obtained results show the adequacy of the model. For a more detailed study of the capabilities of the mathematical model, computational experiments were conducted. The obtained results showed that the proposed mathematical model can be successfully used in solving a number of practical problems.
Keywords: Remote sensing, electromagnetic waves, Relay scattering, mathematical modeling, meteorological parameters.
IMPROVEMENT OF INTELLIGENT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Authors: Maya Kerimova, Sakina Abbasova Maya Kerimova, Sakina Abbasova
Published: September 2023

Research investigations of the solutions of internal combustion engine control problems based on artificial intelligence systems are quite relevant. The power of ship devices and mechanisms is increasing, the requirements for accuracy, reliability, speed and other indicators of the quality of control processes are increasing, increased operational requirements related to economy and efficiency of ship systems and equipment.
Currently, there are a lot of studies which are successfully performed to create the installations with a higher degree of automation – adaptive (intelligent) internal combustion engines, including a class of marine diesel installations. This term means the Engine controlled by adaptive automatic control systems with elements of artificial intelligence that can apprehend and analyses quite complicated and changeable ambient and take a decision. However, the problematic issues of adapting a piston engine in operating conditions are still under study and theoretical conceptualization.
In this article, a study of the scientific and technical problem of improving the operational qualities of intelligent marine diesel installations is carried out. The problem has a great technical importance and requires scientific substantiation of the directions of both improving the operational qualities and reliability of existing models, and identifying ways to modernize existing structures of marine diesel installations.
Кeywords: internal combustion engines, marine diesel, intelligent engine, adaptive systems, adaptive motors, microprocessor controls, controlling algorithm, neural networks.
THE ROLE OF METROLOGICAL SUPPORT IN INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Maya Kerimova, Sakina Abbasova Maya Kerimova, Sakina Abbasova
Published: September 2023

The transition to new technologies sets a number of new specific tasks determined by the parameters and structure of innovative products to science and technology. Both the technological process of creating innovative products and the measurement of parameters, processing of measurement information, and ensuring the credibility and metrological reliability of measurements need metrological support. The functioning of modern measuring instruments is connected not only with the possibility of a purposeful choice of a rational measurement algorithm in a fixed situation but also with the procedure for making decisions about the nature of further actions. Therefore, fundamental research concerning the design of intelligent measuring instruments is currently being actively conducted in mathematical metrology.
The development of an electronic information and analytical system for measuring equipment will ensure the installation of the optimal range of quantitative target indicators and the formation of metrological measures of priority programs and projects.
The article considers the possibilities of successfully solving the problems of metrological support for the implementation of innovative technologies. The solution of such problems depends on the completeness, validity, and feasibility of metrological measures.
The expediency and necessity of the formation and implementation of metrological measures of innovative technologies are shown.
Keywords: Metrology, metrological support, quality, innovative activity, infrastructure, metrological measures, measuring indicators.
INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEMS IN OIL REFINING PROCESS
Authors: Nigar Abdullayeva, Momunat Shirinova Nigar Abdullayeva, Momunat Shirinova , Kamala Aliyeva Kamala Aliyeva
Published: September 2023

The oil refining industry is an industry with high requirements for process control. Nowadays, an important problem is the creation of the concept of control systems for oil companies and enterprises. Oil is one of the Earth's most important resources. Its extraction and processing have become relevant for mankind. However, in the modern environment, the tasks of extracting oil with the latest equipment, as well as the use of cleaning and processing with minimal losses, have become important. This paper discusses intelligent control systems and their use in the oil refining industry. The purpose of the abstract is to create a structure that will be useful in the respective enterprises. But in order to achieve the goal of the work, it will be necessary to take into account such common problems as the instability of demand; restrictions imposed by the state and many others. That is why the features of each enterprise, which may bring various risks in the future, are considered at the design stage. Also, (it is necessary to indicate that,) the implementation of intelligent control systems in various industries is a time-consuming process. In these situations, the heads of enterprises need to take into account the human factor and help their employees adapt to new systems in every possible way. Among these methods, there are incentives with awards, the introduction of a team to train how to work with intelligent systems, and others. To delve into this topic, it is initially necessary to consider intelligent control systems separately from the oil refining industry.
Keywords: automated control systems, deposits, oil refineries, quality of intelligent systems.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF CD1-XFEXS SOLID SOLUTION-BASED THIN FILMS
Authors: Sona Mammadli, Matanat Mehrabova Sona Mammadli, Matanat Mehrabova , Niyazi Hasanov Niyazi Hasanov
Published: September 2023

Cd1-xFexS (x = 0.03) solid solutions were synthesized and thin films were obtained on their base by molecular beam condensation method. It was studied the effect of γ- irradiation on surface morphology, growth properties and crystal structure of obtained thin films. The characteristics of Cd1-xFexS (x = 0.03) solid solutions exposed to γ-rays at doses of 50, 100 and 150 kGy from 60Co source were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX methods. XRD analysis showed that the orientation of crystal planes changes after γ-exposure. It was determined that the peak intensity of the (101) plane of Cd1-xFexS solid solutions increased with the radiation dose. Sizes of crystallites increased after γ-irradiation. Thus it is possible to manage some crystal properties with γ-irradiation. XRD investigations demonstrates, that thin films grown on glass substrates at substrate temperature Tsub=470 K were polycrystalline structure and thin films grown at substrate temperature Tsub =670K were monocrystalline structure.
Keywords: Solid Solution, Semimagnetic Semiconductor, SEM, XRD, EDX, γ-radiation
PERANAN PEMBIASAAN IBADAH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS SISWA DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KUDUS
Authors: Muhammad Rijal Aufa  , Lintang Kironoratri  , Much Arsyad Fardani
Published: September 2023

The influence of the era and technology on children's character formation, along with the significance of character education in cultivating responsibility, honesty, and empathy, is paramount. Ritual habits, such as the Duha and congregational Zuhr prayers, hold substantial spiritual and health benefits in shaping the religious character of students at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Kudus. The research employs a qualitative narrative approach with observation and interviews as data collection techniques. Results reveal the positive impact of habitual religious practices on students' understanding, discipline, and empathy, supported by the school environment and guidance from educators. Nonetheless, hindering factors encompass academic pressure and external environmental influences. Recommendations encompass reinforcing the school's role, collaborating with parents, and integrating ritual habits with innovative teaching methods. This research is anticipated to contribute to religious character education within school settings.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR KOMIK BERBASIS WEBTOON TEMA 8 SUBTEMA 3 AKU SUKA BERPETUALANG KELAS III
Authors: Fuadah Hasanah  , Ratih Purnamasari  , Suci Siti Lathifah
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara mengembangkan produk dan untuk mengetahui kelayakan produk bahan ajar komik berbasis webtoon kelas III tema 8 subtema 3 aku suka berpetualang. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Research and Development (R&D), langkah-langkah penelitian dan pengembangan ini berpedoman pada model ADDIE dengan 5 tahapan yaitu analyze, design, development, implementation, evaluasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN Batutulis 01 dengan subjek penelitian kelas III. Pengembangan bahan ajar komik divalidasi oleh 3 validator dalam bidang bahasa, media, dan materi. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari lembar validasi ahli dan angket respon siswa terhadap komik berbasis webtoon. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari Teknik analisis data kualitatif mengenai hasil wawancara dan Teknik analisis data kuantitatif mengenai hasil validasi ahli dan respon siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komik yang dikembangkan layak sebegai bahan ajar di kelas III-C SDN Batutulis pada pembelajaran berdasarkan rata-rata nilai validasi ahli media 80,0%, rata-rata nilai validasi ahli bahasa 87,5% dan rata-rata nilai validasi ahli materi dengan kriteria 92,5%, dengan kriteria sangat layak digunakan. Berdasarkan angket respon siswa sebesar 87,0%, bahan ajar yang dikembangkan dapat membuat siswa paham dengan materi yang digambarkan, merasa termotivasi dan senang sehingga bahan ajar tersebut sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran tema 8 subtema 3 aku suka berpetualang.

Kata kunci: Komik, Bahan  Ajar, Aku Suka Berpetualang
ANALISIS NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM LAGU ANAK SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR DI KELAS 1 SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Ekasari Rusti , Muhammad Juliyansyah Putra  , Sunedi
Published: September 2023

This study describes the values of character education in the children's song Kasih Ibu dan Sayang Lagi as teaching materials in elementary school grades. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods and data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews and documentation. The informants in this study were class I teachers and class I students at SD Negeri 88 Palembang. The results of this study indicate that students' understanding of character values in children's songs is quite good. The inhibiting factors are caused by several factors, differences in the character of each student, differences in the understanding abilities of students and students who are classified as passive. The positive impact that arises after learning the values of character education is that in addition to students knowing and memorizing the children's song entitled Love, Mother and Dear All, students also understand and understand the character values contained in the children's song. Meanwhile, the negative impact that arises after learning is that some students only just memorize the song but don't know the value of the character in the song.

Keywords: Character Education, Children's Songs, Teaching Materials.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN SUPERVISI BERBASIS STEM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MUTU PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Sriyanto  , Sumarno  , Muhtarom
Published: September 2023

ABSTRAK

Sriyanto. 2023. "Pengembangan Instrumen Supervisi Berbasis STEM Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran". Tesis. Pembimbing: (1) Dr. Sumarno, M.Pd (2) Dr. Muhtarom, M. Pd.

 Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana validitas instrumen supervisi pembelajaran berbasis STEM terhadap meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di SD?, (2) Bagaimana kepraktisan instrumen supervisi pembelajaran berbasis STEM   untuk  meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di SD?, (3) Bagaimana deskripsi hasil penerapan instrumen supervisi pembelajaran berbasis STEM untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di SD?. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui validitas instrumen supervisi pembelajaran berbasis STEM terhadap peningkatan mutu pembelajaran di SD, (2) mengetahui keefektifan instrumen supervisi pembelajaran berbasis STEM untuk  meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di SD, (3) mendeskripsikan hasil penerapan instrumen supervisi pembelajaran berbasis STEM di SD.

Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 22 Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Petungkriyono Kabupaten Pekalongan Jawa Tengah. Waktu penelitian adalah semester genap tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode penelitian pengembangan atau Reseacrh and Development (R&D). dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan model ADDIE (Assume, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) yang bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen supervisi akademik yang berkualifikasi baik dengan memperhatikan tiga aspek kualitas yaitu valid, praktis, dan efektif.

Berdasarkan hasil pengujian Ahli pembelajaran STEM diperoleh hasil instrumen supervisi dirumuskan dengan jelas  dan  sesuai  dengan  kebutuhan  sekolah,  indikator  yang   digunakan  dalam instrumen  supervisi  dapat  mengukur  kinerja  guru dalam menerapkan STEM. instrumen  supervisi  STEM     yang  digunakan  telah memenuhi kriteria kevalidan. Berdasarkan analisis angket guru didapatkan kesimpulan instrument supervisi layak digunakan karena mencapai tujuan supervisi. Berdasarkan analisis hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan metode N-Gain, instrument supervisi pembelajaran berbasis STEM dapat meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di SD pada kategori sedang.

Kata Kunci:  supervisi, STEM, mutu pembelajaran
ANALISIS POLA BELAJAR NUMERIK PADA ANAK TUNAGRAHITA DI SLB NEGERI CENDONO KUDUS
Authors: Martha Setiawati
Published: September 2023

Writing this article aims to find out the pattern of numerical learning in mentally retarded children at the Cendono Kudus State SLB, this is oriented towards "objective analysis and observation". Therefore the researcher conducted this research to discuss more deeply how students' learning patterns relate to numerical learning, whether students can follow it well or not.
MENINGKATKAN KREATIVIRAS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM MELUKIS MELALUI TEKNIK FINGER PAINTING PADA PELAJARAN SENI RUPA DI SD
Authors: Sani Hayati
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the increase in painting creativity using the Finger Painting Technique for class 3 SD EL-Fitra Antapani Bandung. This research is quantitative with a Quasi Experiment Design research design. This study used two class samples, namely, the Experimental Class and the Control Class with a total of 30 students. The research instrument was in the form of practice questions, then the results of the practice questions were assessed according to creativity indicators and filled in with teacher observation sheets, observation sheets with finger painting techniques. posttest 80.93. Meanwhile, to see the difference in increasing creativity using the Gain Test between the experimental class and the control class, a significant value (2-tailed) was obtained, namely 0.004 <0.05, so H0 was rejected, namely creativity in the experimental class was better than that in the control class. The results of the analysis of data obtained from various tests can be seen that the significance value is more than 0.05 and the significance value of the Difference Test is less than 0.05. The results showed that there was an increase in students' creativity in doing painting with the Finger Pai nting technique in arts and culture subjects in grade 3 and there was a difference in the increase in creativity that occurred between the experimental class and the conventional class.

Keywords: Elementary Education, Said Art Education in Elementary School, Finger Pinting
PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI BERORIENTASI ESD MELALUI PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN DASAR BEKERJA ILMIAH SISWA SMA NEGERI 3 PEMALANG
Authors: One Fase Kurniawan  , Fenny Roshayanti  , Syaipul Hayat
Published: September 2023

ABSTRAK

One Fase Kurniawan. 2023. “Pengembangan Pembelajaran Biologi Berorientasi ESD  Melalui Pengolahan Sampah Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan dasar Bekerja Ilmiah Siswa”. Tesis. Pembimbing: (1) Dr. Fenny Roshayanti, M.Pd.; (2) Dr. M. Syaipul hayat, M.Pd.

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat kevalidan perangkat pembelajaran dan perangkat pembelajaran dapat digunakan sebagai rujukan dalam proses pembelajaran biologi berorientasi sustainable development. Subjek penelitian adalah praktisi pendidikan se-Kabupaten Pemalang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research and Development menggunakan model Borg and Gorl modivikasi 6 langkah sampai tahap valiadasi praktisi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan memberikan angket lembar validasi perangkat pembelajaran baik dalam bentuk cetak maupun dalam bentuk google form. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan terdiri atas dua teknik, teknik pertama kuantitatif berupa hasil presentase validasi perangkat pembelajaran dan teknik kedua adalah kualitatif yang berasal dari komentar dan saran validator. Hasil penelitian pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran biologi berorientasi sustainable development berpotensi meningkatkan kemampuan dasar bekerja ilmiah siswa menunjukkan bahwa hasil validasi ahli dan praktisi pendidikan secara berurutan sebagai berikut: silabus 90%, 88%; RPP 85%,84%; LKPD 78%, 80%; Modul 76%, 81% hasil validasi yang diperoleh termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak dan layak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan memiliki tingkat validasi tinggi dengan kategori Valid serta bisa dijadikan sebagai rujukan pembelajaran berorientasi sustainable development.

Kata Kunci: perangkat pembelajaran, sustainable development, Kemampuan dasar bekerja ilmiah
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN E-BOOK EKOSISTEM TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN ECOLITERACY DAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH SISWA
Authors: Arso Widyasmoro  , Joko Sulianto  , Achmad Buchori
Published: September 2023

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keefektifan dari pembelajaran dengan model project-based learning (PjBL) berbantuan e-book ekosistem terhadap kemampuan ecoliteracy dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa sekolah dasar pada mata pelajaran IPA materi ekosistem. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas lima SD Negeri Tanjungsari dan siswa kelas lima SD Negeri Salit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode total sampling. Sampel yang digunakan adalah kelas lima SD Negeri Tanjungsari sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas lima SD Negeri Salit sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari lembar tes evaluasi hasil belajar, lembar angket kemampuan ecoliteracy, dan lembar observasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Analisis data menggunakan: (1) uji prasyarat yang terdiri dari uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas, (2) uji hipotesis yang terdiri dari uji statistik one sample t-test, uji  statistik multivariate analisis varian (Manova), dan uji statistik independent t-test. Pada uji statistik one sample t-test diperoleh signifikansi dari nilai postest kedua kelas sampel adalah 0,001 < 0,05, berarti terdapat perbedaan ketuntasan antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol. Pada uji Manova nilai F = 20,832 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 artinya terdapat pengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan ecoliteracy dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Pada uji independent t-test diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 maka terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran project-based learning berbantuan e-book ekosistem efektif terhadap kemampuan ecoliteracy dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa.

 

Kata Kunci: ecoliteracy, Pemecahan Masalah, PjBL
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTU MEDIA M-MATH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KREATIF PESERTA DIDIK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Wicaksono  , Achmad Buchori  , Aryo Andri Nugroho
Published: September 2023

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas model problem based learning berbantu media m-math untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif peserta didik sekolah dasar pada mata pelajaran matematika materi Volume Bangun Ruang (Kubus) berkaitan dengan Bilangan Pangkat Tiga dan Akar Pangkat Tiga. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 06 Kajen dan siswa kelas V SD Negeri 01 Pekiringanalit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode total sampling. Sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SD Negeri 06 Kajen sebagai kelas eksperimen dan seluruh siswa kelas V SD Negeri 01 Pekiringanalit sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari lembar angket kemampuan berpikir kritis, lembar tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif. Analisis data menggunakan: (1) uji prasyarat yang terdiri dari uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas, (2) uji hipotesis yang terdiri dari uji statistik one sample t-test, uji  statistik multivariate analisis varian (Manova), dan uji statistik independent t-test. Pada uji statistik one sample t-test diperoleh signifikansi dari nilai postes kedua kelas sampel adalah 0,000 < 0,05, berarti terdapat perbedaan ketuntasan antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol. Pada uji Manova nilai F = 19,957 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 artinya terdapat pengaruh signifikan penggunaan model problem based learning berbantu media m-math terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif peserta didik. Pada uji independent t-test diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 maka terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran problem based learning berbantu media m-math efektif meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif peserta didik.

Kata Kunci : PBL, Kemampuan berpikir kritis, kemampuan berpikir kreatif