bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise Considerations for the Masters Female Athlete
Authors: Rothschild Carey E.
Published: September 2022

Female participation in sport as a masters athlete has grown considerably in recent years. Functional losses and physiological changes in the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and endocrine systems that occur with female aging require recognition and thoughtful exercise prescription. In working with this population, the strength and conditioning professional should be able to recognize the biology of aging, factors affecting recovery and performance, and application of appropriate training parameters to keep the female athlete in their sport while mitigating the effects of aging and maximizing performance. This special populations article outlines key age-related changes in the female athlete and presents comprehensive, practical training guidelines for this growing population.
Oxide ion polarizability, optical basicity, and metallization criterion of GO-coated Nd2O3 (NPs) - TeO2 glass for linear optical fibre
Authors:   Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia, Shaari H. R. , Azlan M. N. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia;, Azlina Y. ,   Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China, Al-Hada N. M. ,   Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China, Umar S. A. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Federal University Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Kenzhaliyev B. K. ,   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan;, Zaid M. H. M. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Hisam R. ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Yusof N. N. ,   School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
Published: September 2022

The versatility of graphene oxide (GO) as coating materials on the glass surface is a new revolution in the advanced glass era. In this work, GO liquid solution was prepared by using electrochemical exfoliation in an electrolyte solution assisted by different surfactants. Meanwhile, a glass series was prepared by using the conventional meltquenched technique. A low-cost and simple spray deposition technique was used to deposit the GO on the glass sample. The obtained glass series was denoted as GO coated TNd (NPs), meanwhile, the uncoated glass was labelled as uncoated TNd (NPs). The linear optical properties of GO coated TNd (NPs) glass series was determined using UVVis spectrophotometer and utilizing the Lorentz-Lorentz equation to determine the value of polarizability. X-ray diffraction spectra revealed the amorphous structural characteristics of the glass series. The SEM morphological image revealed the variation of GO distribution on the glass surface due to the agglomeration and inhomogeneity of GO distribution on the glass surface. The homogeneity of GO distribution on the glass surface is negligible in this work as we focus solely on the effect of GO on glass properties. According to the observations, the value of GO-coated TNd (NPs) is in the range 3.4531- 3.8549 Å and uncoated TNd (NPs) is in the range 2.709- 2.774 Å. Meanwhile, the optical basicity value ranges from 1.220 to 1.262. These results demonstrate that the polarizability of oxide ions and optical basicity values of the GO coated TNd (NPs) glass series was higher than the uncoated TNd (NPs) glass. The metallization criterion for the GO-coated TNd (NPs) glass system is in the range of 0.3 < M < 0.4. Based on these results, the obtained glasses are promising in linear optical glass fibre.
The Classification of FTIR Plastic Bag Spectra via Label Spreading and Stacking
Authors: Almanifi Omair Rashed Abdulwareth , Ng Jee Kwan , P. P. Abdul Majeed Anwar
Published: September 2022

Whereas plastics are a group of the most useful materials, widely used in all walks of life, the plastic waste that is produced daily poses a great threat towards wildlife and the planet as a whole. The use of biodegradable plastics is an important step in combating the plastic crisis. FTIR spectroscopy is a non-destructive method used for identifying different types of materials, however interpreting spectra produced by such spectrometers is both susceptible to human error, and time-consuming, not to mention that the industry suffers from a great of specialists, in the field of spectroscopy. Utilising machine learning as a method of filling the mentioned issue is suggested by this paper. Four pipelines were investigated, consisting of two machine learning algorithms, a stacked model that stacks the KNN, SVM and RF algorithms together, and Label spreading, as well as two different dimensionality reduction methods namely; SVD and UMAP. The pipelines studied seemed to show great predictivity at 100% classification accuracy acquired by the SVD-Stacked pipeline when data was sampled using an Agilent Cary 660 FTIR Spectrometer, and 99.18% by the same model when IDIR BP10 spectrometer was employed for sampling instead. The semi-supervised learning model (Label Spreading) seemed to achieve close enough accuracy at 99.82% in the case of the former dataset, and 97.54% for the latter, at a labelling rate of only 10% of the full datasets.
Justification of modern principles for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in women (Literature review)
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Ministry of Health of Ukrain, Kiev, Gorbunova O.V. , Yermolovich N.A. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Ministry of Health of Ukrain, Kiev
Published: September 2022

Bacterial vaginosis occupies a special place among infectious-inflammatory diseases of the female sexual system. The increase in the frequency of these diseases is due to a number of factors whose effects can be reduced or eliminated altogether. The proportion of bacterial vaginosis among vulvovaginal infections depends on ethnic characteristics, environmental factors, as well as the number of women. Bacterial vaginosis acts as a risk factor for complications during pregnancy, in childbirth and in the postnatal period. Relapses of the disease develop in every second woman regardless of the treatment regimen. Meta-analysis has shown that the development of bacterial vaginosis can be associated with more than 200 species of microorganisms. In women with bacterial vaginosis, there is an increase of 1.5 times the relative risk of infection with human papilloma virus, and therefore the development of cervical neoplasia. In many countries of the world, the increase in inflammatory diseases is a result of population migration, urbanization, changes in sexual behaviour, deterioration of the environmental situation, etc. It is known that microorganisms in biofilms become practically inaccessible to immune protection factors, so the survival of colonies in biofilms is significantly increased. Standard approaches based on the principles of evidence-based medicine should be used to diagnose and treat bacterial vaginosis. International recommendations for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis include therapy aimed at eliminating the agent, alleviating symptoms of the disease, increasing local and general immunities and normalizing biocinosis. In general, treatment patterns according to the recommendations of different medical societies are similar. Treatment of asymptomatic forms of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women reduces the incidence of complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. For the treatment of patients with insufficient motivation, it is desirable to give preference to schemes that have proven their distant anti-clinical effectiveness. Two-stage therapy of bacterial vaginosis using modern local combination antiseptic drug of wide spectrum action Limendа and with mandatory restoration of vaginal microflora with the preparation Вreveluck are effective in treatment of bacterial vaginosis and reduce risk of relapses. Key words: bacterial vaginosis, Limenda, Вreveluck.
Polymorphisms of hemostasis system genes in women with habitual miscarriage
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Vdovychenko Yu.P. , Firsova N.O. ,   Isida-IVF Medical Center, Kyiv, Khazhylenko K.H. ,   Isida-IVF Medical Center, Kyiv
Published: September 2022

The objective: to evaluate the prevalence of hemostasis and folate cycle gene polymorphisms in patients with a history of miscarriage. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted of 125 women with habitual miscarriage who were in the first, main, group. The criteria for inclusion of patients in the study were the presence of two or more pregnancy losses in the anamnesis up to 22 weeks. The exclusion criteria were anatomical, endocrine, infectious, immunological, social causes of miscarriage, and the presence of benign uterine tumors and antiphospholipid syndrome. Group II (control) included 40 somatically healthy women, without reproductive losses, with a history of at least one physiological pregnancy. All women underwent a molecular genetic study of 8 hemostatic system genes and 4 folate cycle genes by a multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in real time. Results. As a result of the analysis in women with habitual miscarriage, statistically significantly more often revealed: homozygous polymorphism for the gene FGB 455G> A, ITGA2 (α2-integrin) C807T, both homo- and heterozygous forms, homozygous polymorphism 5GG75GG7575G > 4G – homo- and heterozygous forms, as well as polymorphism of MTHFR 677C> T and MTHFR 1298A> C genes. A statistically significant association of ITGA2 807C> T and PAI-1 675 5G> 4G polymorphisms was confirmed with more than six and sevenfold increased odds of habitual miscarriage (p=0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively). Carrying the mutant allele of the FGB 455G> A gene was associated with a 3.6-fold increase in the chances of reproductive loss. Multigenic forms of thrombophilia were detected in 109 (87.2%) women of the main group, which was 3.5 times higher than the corresponding indicators in the control group – 10 (25.0%); p <0.05. Conclusion. In order to prevent recurrent reproductive losses in patients with a history of pregnancy miscarriage, with the exception of other causes, it is necessary to carry out an examination for the presence of clotting and folate cycle polymorphisms. Detection of the carrier of mutant alleles in patients with pregnancy miscarriage will help to properly study the activity of certain parts of the hemostasis system, to adequately select therapy and to realize the reproductive function of a woman. Key words: habitual miscarriage, pregnancy polymorphism of hemostasis genes, folate cycle.
The use of the Magnox Pregna biomagnesium complex in the prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications with magnesium deficiency
Authors:   Danylo Galitsky Lviv National Medical University, Pirogova V.I. , Shurpyak S.A. ,   Danylo Galitsky Lviv National Medical University, Ohabska I.I. ,   Danylo Galitsky Lviv National Medical University
Published: September 2022

Recent studies indicate a widespread deficiency of vitamins and minerals among pregnant and lactating women around the world. Most of the women examined (up to 80%), regardless of age, place of residence and professional affiliation, have a combined deficiency of three or more vitamins. Even with the most balanced diet, a diet adequate to the pregnant woman’s energy consumption is not able to provide the growing needs of the body with the necessary amount of minerals and microelements, which contribute to a change in the size and functional activity of the mother’s organs and systems during pregnancy, normal formation of the placenta, and fetal development. Magnesium deficiency leads to a violation of the processes of placentation and the threat of termination of pregnancy in the first trimester. The success of pregnancy largely depends on adequate implantation, the transformation of the spiral arteries and placentation with the establishment of full blood flow in the mother – placenta – fetus system. Violation of the formation of the placenta in early pregnancy leads subsequently to the development of placental dysfunction. Such a “physiological” magnesium deficiency during pregnancy in the absence of adequate nutritional subsidies can increase the risk of early and late miscarriages, premature births due to increased contractile activity of the myometrium, preeclampsia, etc. Chronic magnesium deficiency, which often leads to serious pregnancy complications, must be compensated for by the ingestion of magnesium supplements. Moreover, due to the fact that a mainly long course of treatment is required, in addition to the effectiveness of the action of magnesium-containing drugs, the bioavailability of magnesium and the safety of use are extremely important. Magnox Pregna biomagnesium complex is a unique combination of magnesium and vitamins B1, B6 and E, the use of which helps to suppress contractile activity of smooth and striated muscles (including the uterus), prevent and eliminate leg cramps, reduce the risk of developing hypertension, and the occurrence of eclampsia and premature birth. Key words: magnesium deficiency, vitamins, trace elements, pregnancy, complications, Magnox Pregna biomagnesium complex.
Placement of the placenta: issues of etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis (Clinical lecture)
Authors:   Kharkiv medical Academy of postgraduate education, Nazarenko L.G. ,   CNE «Clinical Maternity Hospital No. 6» of Kharkiv City Council, Demina O.V. ,   CNE «Clinical Maternity Hospital No. 6» of Kharkiv City Council
Published: September 2022

In modern obstetrics, there is an increase in the frequency of pathological conditions, combined with the sign of abnormal syvasive of the placenta, the spectrum of which includes placenta accreta, placenta increta, placenta percreta. The most favored definition is placenta accreta, in international sources of information – placenta accreta spectrum. This pathology is the leading cause of life-threatening hemorrhage, which often requires blood transfusion, hysterectomy. The issues of prediction and diagnosis are relevant. Contemporary ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of placental growth are covered, risk factors as a basis for clinical prognosis are substantiated and specified. The basic elements of diagnostics of placental growth in the observation of the pregnant woman are presented. The necessity of prenatal hospitalization and delivery in conditions of providing modern technologies of blood circulation, surgical help, highly professional multidisciplinary team is emphasized. Key words: placenta, growth, caesarean section, prognosis, diagnosis.
Clinical case of urethral doubling with preservation of function and single bladder
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Dihtiar V.A. , Vernihora D.H. ,   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Haritoniuk L.M. ,   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Boyko M.V. ,   Dnipro Regional Child Hospital, Ukraine, Obertynskyi A.V. ,   Dnipro Regional Child Hospital, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Urethral doubling is a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary system that is more common in boys. Less than 500 clinical cases of this disease have been described in the literature, which may signal a lack of awareness among physicians. Although there are many considerations regarding the embryology of this anomaly, the etiopathogenesis of its various forms remains unclear. Sometimes doubling of the urethra is combined with other malformations, such as epispadias, hypospadias, exstrophy of the bladder, anorectal malformation, doubling of the bladder and others. In this article, we present a clinical case of a 9-year-old boy with urethral duplication and additional urethral epispadias. We found the main and additional urethra, which goes on dorsal side of the penis and led to curvature of the penis and urinary incontinence. During the operation, urethrocystoscopy was performed before the main stage, and a complete doubling of the type 2-A urethra was established according to the Effman classification, after which the additional urethra was excised as far as the pubic bones. Urethral duplication is a rare anomaly, with several forms of clinical presentation, often accompanied by other anomalies, and sometimes with difficult diagnosis. The treatment of urethral duplication should be individualized, according to its type. In this case we find urethral duplication type IIa, which has been treated as classic epispadias. Therefore, in child with congenital malformation of penis need to perform obsrvetion like urethrography, cystoscopy. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: urethral substitution, epispadias.
Pathomorphology of Ameloblastomas
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Tymofieiev O. , Ushko N. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: September 2022

Objective. To study the pathomorphological structure of ameloblastomas and work out their classification. Materials and methods. Histological analysis of the material obtained after the removal of ameloblastomas of the jaws in 67 patients was carried out. Results. Pathomorphological classification of ameloblastomas of the jaws was suggested based on the studies carried out. Conclusions. The term “ameloblastoma” refers to two groups of tumours: true ameloblastomas and pseudoameloblastomas. Eight structural types of true ameloblastoma may occur, including follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous, basal-cell, granular-cell, desmoplastic, cystic, and mixed. Ameloblastic fibroma, adenoameloblastoma, ameloblastic fibrodontoma and odontoameloblastoma belong to pseudoameloblastomas. The study was performed following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Keywords: odontogenic tumours, true ameloblastoma, pseudoameloblastoma, pathomorphological study.
The eternal problem of surgery is appendicitis: of its complications and the results of treatment of patients
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Skyba V.V. ,   Kyiv Medical University, Ukraine,   Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Ukraine, Rybalchenko V.F. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Kyiv Medical University, Ukraine, Lisytsya V.V. ,   Kyiv Medical University, Ukraine,   Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Ukraine, Voytyuk N.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine,   Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Ukraine, Ahmed Dar Yasin ,   Kyiv Medical University, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Purpose - to improve the treatment of patients with appendicitis on the basis of the introduction of the latest imaging methods and surgical technologies. Materials and methods. In the clinic of the surgery center of the Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 1 from 2006 to 2019, 30,627 patients were treated, of which acute appendicitis with various forms of inflammation in 2697 (49.18%). The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 92 years old. Depending on the time of the hospitalization (by year), the patients were divided into two groups: the control group (2006-2012) - 1379 (51.13%) patients; the studied group (2013-2019) - 1318 (48.87%) patients. The reason for division into groups was the use of modern technologies for diagnostics (visualization) of the disease and improved methods of surgical treatment in the studied group. Results. Surgical access in 1846 (68.45%) cases was laparotomy, in 851 (31.55%) cases laparoscopic of which 69 (8.10%) cases had a conversion. Appendix location: typical in 692 (25.66%) cases, pelvic in 986 (36.56%) cases, retrocaecal in 293 (10.86%) cases, retroperitoneal in 277 (10.27%) cases, subhepatic in 228 (8.45%) cases, medial in 221 (8.19%) cases. In the postoperative period, complications from the abdominal cavity were established in 89 (3.30%) cases and wounds in 125 (4.63%) cases. 6 patients (0.22%) died, out of 1379 patients of the control group in 4 (0.29%) cases, and among 1318 patients of the study group 2 (0.15%) cases. Early adhesion obstruction in 18 (0.67%) cases, and subsequently the disease was found in 72 (2.67%) patients, which was restored surgically, as well as concomitant hernias in 45 (1.67%) cases. Conclusions. The use of modern imaging and treatment technologies has improved the results and reduced postoperative mortality from 0.29% to 0.15% with an average of 0.22%. According to the results of the study, it was found that the quality of life after laparoscopic appendectomy is statistically significantly (p<0.01) higher than in patients operated on by the open method. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Keywords: appendicitis, adults, adolescents, open appendectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, adhesive obstruction, hernias.
Injury of the recta and colon and perine in children
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Rybalchenko V.F. ,   Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Ukraine, Rusak P.S. ,   Shupyk National University of Healthcare of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Zhytomyr Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Ukraine, Boris R.M. ,   Kyiv Medical University, Ukraine, Braginskaya S.A. ,   Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Ukraine, Rinzberg B.S. ,   Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Ukraine, Mamontov D.S. ,   Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Purpose - to improve the treatment of children with traumatic injuries of the rectum, perineum and intestines. Materials and methods. In the clinic of the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine for 30 years, 9 children with traumatic injuries of the rectum, perineum and colon were treated. The age of the patients ranged from 1.5 to 16 years. There were 2 female patients (22.23%) and 7 male patients (77.77%). Results. The study found that among 9 patients who had damage to the rectum, concomitant damage to the descending colon in 1 (11.11%), sigmoid in 1 (11.11%), penetrating into the abdominal cavity in 3 (33.33%), urinary bladder in 1 (11.11%), vagina in 2 (22.22%). In 1 (11.11%) patient, a traumatic injury to the rectal wall was noted. Thus, among 9 patients fatigue was used in 8 (88.89%) children, of which in 3 (33.33%) double-barreled fatigue was initially imposed, requiring the distal colon to be turned off. Primary reconstructive surgeries were performed in 8 (88.89%) patients, and in 1 (11.11%) child with a delay of 2 weeks due to an inflammatory process in the rupture of the rectum and vagina in a 1.5-year-old child. Our own research has shown that the use of suspended or split fatigue on a spur is not an effective method of disconnecting the injured both colon and rectum from the contents. Traumatic damage to the rectum and vagina with rupture of the sphincter apparatus was found in 2 (22.22%) patients. Adhesive obstruction was found in 1 (11.11%) patient. All patients were discharged from the clinic. Conclusions. Visualization of the damage volume should be complete and performed under general anesthesia in the operating room. Surgical treatment of traumatic damage to the perineum of the rectum and colon requires an individual and should be phased: the imposition of a separate or final colostomy, as well as reconstructive and restorative surgery of the perineum, sphincter apparatus with mandatory electromyoidentification of the sphincter apparatus. Treatment of patients with perineal injury due to sexual abuse requires psychological and social rehabilitation. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Keywords: children, trauma, rectum, perineum, vagina, colon.
Experience in the treatment of neonatal colie-klebsiellosis sepsis complicated by soft tissue necrosis of the scalp
Authors:   National Children’s Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT», Kyiv, Ukraine, Khanes G.S. , Maksakova I.S. ,   National Children’s Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT», Kyiv, Ukraine, Grimalskaya A.O. ,   National Children’s Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT», Kyiv, Ukraine, Rybalchenko I.G. ,   National Children’s Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT», Kyiv, Ukraine, Zhernov A.A. ,   Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No.2, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

According to the modern epidemiology of sepsis, early newborn sepsis is bacterial in 84% of cases. According to the materials of the last congresses of the International Sepsis Forum (ISF), and in particular ISF 2021, among severe forms of neonatal sepsis, colie and klebsiella sepsis, closely associated with intrauterine maternal infection, prevail. Purpose - to show efficiency of the pathogenic approach in the treatment of early newborn sepsis. The article presents the experience of treating a newborn child with early newborn sepsis caused by intrauterine colie infection and associated with klebsiella infection, which was complicated by necrosis of the skin and fiber of almost the entire surface of the scalp. The child was admitted to the newborn surgery department with signs of wound sepsis, an open infected wound covered with a necrotic soft tissue - hairy skin flap. The studied prenatal history demonstrated a close relationship of the disease with intrauterine coliе infection. The child was examined by laboratory (microbiological blood and wound surface, biochemical - total, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, coagulogram and also immunological (T-, B-lymphocytes, CD-64-blood) and instrumental (ultrasound, computed tomography, X-ray) methods. On the basis of the obtained research results, pathogenetic therapy was carried out, the child was prepared for surgical intervention - necrectomy and subsequent transplantation of auto skin to close the soft tissue defect of the cranial vault. As a result of the treatment carried out by a multifunctional team of doctors, the child recovered, the skin of the cranial vault of the head was completely restored. Conclusions. The obtained research results and good treatment results demonstrated the effectiveness of the pathogenetic approach to the treatment of severe forms of neonatal sepsis. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki on Human Rights. The research protocol is approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The consent of the child’s parents was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Keywords: newborn, intrauterine sepsis, wound sepsis, colie-klebsiellosis sepsis, necrosis,
Estudo da eficiência do uso de bambu como bioadsorvente na remoção de azul de metileno
Authors: Goetz Nadine Maressa , Kunst Sandra Raquel , Morisso Fernando Dal Pont , Oliveira Cláudia Trindade , Machado Tiele Caprioli
Published: September 2022

RESUMO O corante azul de metileno, amplamente utilizado na indústria têxtil, é capaz de causar sérios danos, caso despejado nos corpos hídricos sem o devido tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a eficiência do uso de bambu, in natura e carvão vegetal, como bioadsorvente na remoção do corante azul de metileno. Para isso, o bambu in natura e o bambu ativado termicamente foram produzidos e caracterizados por meio de análises de área superficial específica, termogravimétricas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia no infravermelho. Ensaios de adsorção, em batelada, foram realizados com os bioadsorventes produzidos, utilizando planejamento experimental, do tipo fatorial 2³ e repetição do ponto central. Foram obtidas as condições do processo de adsorção para o bambu in natura, com 16 g/L de concentração de adsorvente, 50 mg/L de concentração de corante e pH =10, alcançando uma eficiência de remoção de 98,1%. As mesmas condições foram usadas com o bambu carvão, obtendo-se uma eficiência de remoção do corante de 92,2%. A diferença observada na porcentagem de remoção do corante deve-se às características de cada bioadsorvente. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso do bambu como bioadsorvente pode ser uma alternativa eficiente e sustentável para o tratamento de efluente com corantes pelo processo de adsorção.
Biodiversity and public health interface
Authors: Pinter Adriano , Prist Paula Ribeiro , Marrelli Mauro Toledo
Published: September 2022

Abstract Alongside modernity, the human activity has been a key factor in global environmental risks, with worldwide anthropic modification being the cause of the emergence of diseases for wild and livestock animals, and even humans. In special, the increase in the spatial distribution and in the incidence of some emerging infectious diseases (EID) are directly associated to deforestation and global climate changes. Moreover, the arise of new EID agents, such as the SARS-COV-2 have been reported for the last 30 years. On the other hand, biodiversity has been shown to be a key indicator for ecosystem health, and to pose a role to increase the promotion of human public health. In neotropical regions, and in special, in Brazil, several infectious diseases have been demonstrated to be directly affected for the biodiversity loss, such as malaria, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, yellow fever, urban arboviruses, spotted fever, amongst other. To better understand the ecosystem capacity of regulation of infectious diseases, FAPESP BIOTA program have supported researchers and research projects to increase knowledge about Brazilian biodiversity and the ecosystems, such as diversity of bird bioagents, venomous animals biodiversity, diversity of mosquitos species in forest patches inside urban areas, propagation of the yellow fever virus over fragmented forest territories, loss of ecological corridors and occurrence of spotted fever and malaria, amongst others. It is noteworthy that FAPESP BIOTA is a successful program and must be expanded as an important tool for present and future public health promotion.
TreeCaps: Tree-Based Capsule Networks for Source Code Processing
Authors: Bui Nghi D. Q. , Yu Yijun , Jiang Lingxiao
Published: September 2022

Recently program learning techniques have been proposed to process source code based on syntactical structures (e.g., abstract syntax trees) and/or semantic information (e.g., dependency graphs). While graphs may be better than trees at capturing code semantics, constructing the graphs from code inputs through the semantic analysis of multiple viewpoints can lead to inaccurate noises for a specific software engineering task. Compared to graphs, syntax trees are more precisely defined on the grammar and easier to parse; unfortunately, previous tree-based learning techniques have not been able to learn semantic information from trees to achieve better accuracy than graph-based techniques. We have proposed a new learning technique, named TreeCaps, by fusing together capsule networks with tree-based convolutional neural networks to achieve a learning accuracy higher than some existing graph-based techniques while it is based only on trees. TreeCaps introduces novel variable-to-static routing algorithms into the capsule networks to compensate for the loss of previous routing algorithms. Aside from accuracy, we also find that TreeCaps is the most robust to withstand those semantic-preserving program transformations that change code syntax without modifying the semantics. Evaluated on a large number of Java and C/C++ programs, TreeCaps models outperform prior deep learning models of program source code, in terms of both accuracy and robustness for program comprehension tasks such as code functionality classification and function name prediction. Our implementation is publicly available at: https://github.com/bdqnghi/treecaps.
Diagnose Like A Pathologist: Weakly-Supervised Pathologist-Tree Network for Slide-Level Immunohistochemical Scoring
Authors: Chen Zhen , Zhang Jun , Che Shuanlong , Huang Junzhou , Han Xiao , Yuan Yixuan
Published: September 2022

The immunohistochemistry (IHC) test of biopsy tissue is crucial to develop targeted treatment and evaluate prognosis for cancer patients. The IHC staining slide is usually digitized into the whole-slide image (WSI) with gigapixels for quantitative image analysis. To perform a whole image prediction (e.g., IHC scoring, survival prediction, and cancer grading) from this kind of high-dimensional image, algorithms are often developed based on multi-instance learning (MIL) framework. However, the multi-scale information of WSI and the associations among instances are not well explored in existing MIL based studies. Inspired by the fact that pathologists jointly analyze visual fields at multiple powers of objective for diagnostic predictions, we propose a Pathologist-Tree Network (PTree-Net) to sparsely model the WSI efficiently in multi-scale manner. Specifically, we propose a Focal-Aware Module (FAM) that can approximately estimate diagnosis-related regions with an extractor trained using the thumbnail of WSI. With the initial diagnosis-related regions, we hierarchically model the multi-scale patches in a tree structure, where both the global and local information can be captured. To explore this tree structure in an end-to-end network, we propose a patch Relevance-enhanced Graph Convolutional Network (RGCN) to explicitly model the correlations of adjacent parent-child nodes, accompanied by patch relevance to exploit the implicit contextual information among distant nodes. In addition, tree-based self-supervision is devised to improve representation learning and suppress irrelevant instances adaptively. Extensive experiments are performed on a large-scale IHC HER2 dataset. The ablation study confirms the effectiveness of our design, and our approach outperforms state-of-the-art by a large margin.
KAN: Knowledge-aware Attention Network for Fake News Detection
Authors: Dun Yaqian , Tu Kefei , Chen Chen , Hou Chunyan , Yuan Xiaojie
Published: September 2022

The explosive growth of fake news on social media has drawn great concern both from industrial and academic communities. There has been an increasing demand for fake news detection due to its detrimental effects. Generally, news content is condensed and full of knowledge entities. However, existing methods usually focus on the textual contents and social context, and ignore the knowledge-level relationships among news entities. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose a novel Knowledge-aware Attention Network (KAN) that incorporates external knowledge from knowledge graph for fake news detection. Firstly, we identify entity mentions in news contents and align them with the entities in knowledge graph. Then, the entities and their contexts are used as external knowledge to provide complementary information. Finally, we design News towards Entities (N-E) attention and News towards Entities and Entity Contexts (N-E^2C) attention to measure the importances of knowledge. Thus, our proposed model can incorporate both semantic-level and knowledge-level representations of news to detect fake news. Experimental results on three public datasets show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, and also validate the effectiveness of knowledge attention.
Dual-Octave Convolution for Accelerated Parallel MR Image Reconstruction
Authors: Feng Chun-Mei , Yang Zhanyuan , Chen Geng , Xu Yong , Shao Ling
Published: September 2022

Magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisition is an inherently prolonged process, whose acceleration by obtaining multiple undersampled images simultaneously through parallel imaging has always been the subject of research. In this paper, we propose the Dual-Octave Convolution (Dual-OctConv), which is capable of learning multi-scale spatial-frequency features from both real and imaginary components, for fast parallel MR image reconstruction. By reformulating the complex operations using octave convolutions, our model shows a strong ability to capture richer representations of MR images, while at the same time greatly reducing the spatial redundancy. More specifically, the input feature maps and convolutional kernels are first split into two components (i.e., real and imaginary), which are then divided into four groups according to their spatial frequencies. Then, our Dual-OctConv conducts intra-group information updating and inter-group information exchange to aggregate the contextual information across different groups. Our framework provides two appealing benefits: (i) it encourages interactions between real and imaginary components at various spatial frequencies to achieve richer representational capacity, and (ii) it enlarges the receptive field by learning multiple spatial-frequency features of both the real and imaginary components. We evaluate the performance of the proposed model on the acceleration of multi-coil MR image reconstruction. Extensive experiments are conducted on an {in vivo} knee dataset under different undersampling patterns and acceleration factors. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our model in accelerated parallel MR image reconstruction.
Our code is available at: github.com/chunmeifeng/Dual-OctConv.
Towered Actor Critic For Handling Multiple Action Types In Reinforcement Learning For Drug Discovery
Authors: Gottipati Sai Krishna , Pathak Yashaswi , Sattarov Boris , Sahir  , Nuttall Rohan , Amini Mohammad , Taylor Matthew E. , Chandar Sarath
Published: September 2022

Reinforcement learning (RL) has made significant progress in both abstract and real-world domains, but the majority of state-of-the-art algorithms deal only with monotonic actions. However, some applications require agents to reason over different types of actions. Our application simulates reaction-based molecule generation, used as part of the drug discovery pipeline, and includes both uni-molecular and bi-molecular reactions. This paper introduces a novel framework, towered actor critic (TAC), to handle multiple action types. The TAC framework is general in that it is designed to be combined with any existing RL algorithms for continuous action space. We combine it with TD3 to empirically obtain significantly better results than existing methods in the drug discovery setting. TAC is also applied to RL benchmarks in OpenAI Gym and results show that our framework can improve, or at least does not hurt, performance relative to standard TD3.
Sub-Seasonal Climate Forecasting via Machine Learning: Challenges, Analysis, and Advances
Authors: He Sijie , Li Xinyan , DelSole Timothy , Ravikumar Pradeep , Banerjee Arindam
Published: September 2022

Sub-seasonal forecasting (SSF) focuses on predicting key variables such as temperature and precipitation on the 2-week to 2-month time scale. Skillful SSF would have immense societal value in such areas as agricultural productivity, water resource management, and emergency planning for extreme weather events. However, SSF is considered more challenging than either weather prediction or even seasonal prediction, and is still a largely understudied problem. In this paper, we carefully investigate 10 Machine Learning (ML) approaches to sub-seasonal temperature forecasting over the contiguous U.S. on the SSF dataset we collect, including a variety of climate variables from the atmosphere, ocean, and land. Because of the complicated atmosphere-land-ocean couplings and the limited amount of good quality observational data, SSF imposes a great challenge for ML despite the recent advances in various domains. Our results indicate that suitable ML models, e.g., XGBoost, to some extent, capture the predictability on sub-seasonal time scales and can outperform the climatological baselines, while Deep Learning (DL) models barely manage to match the best results with carefully designed architecture. Besides, our analysis and exploration provide insights on important aspects to improve the quality of sub-seasonal forecasts, e.g., feature representation and model architecture. The SSF dataset and code are released with this paper for use by the broader research community.
SDGNN: Learning Node Representation for Signed Directed Networks
Authors: Huang Junjie , Shen Huawei , Hou Liang , Cheng Xueqi
Published: September 2022

Network embedding is aimed at mapping nodes in a network into low-dimensional vector representations. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have received widespread attention and lead to state-of-the-art performance in learning node representations. However, most GNNs only work in unsigned networks, where only positive links exist. It is not trivial to transfer these models to signed directed networks, which are widely observed in the real world yet less studied. In this paper, we first review two fundamental sociological theories (i.e., status theory and balance theory) and conduct empirical studies on real-world datasets to analyze the social mechanism in signed directed networks. Guided by related socio- logical theories, we propose a novel Signed Directed Graph Neural Networks model named SDGNN to learn node embeddings for signed directed networks. The proposed model simultaneously reconstructs link signs, link directions, and signed directed triangles. We validate our model’s effectiveness on five real-world datasets, which are commonly used as the benchmark for signed network embeddings. Experiments demonstrate the proposed model outperforms existing models, including feature-based methods, network embedding methods, and several GNN methods.
Deep Style Transfer for Line Drawings
Authors: Liu Xueting , Wu Wenliang , Wu Huisi , Wen Zhenkun
Published: September 2022

Line drawings are frequently used to illustrate ideas and concepts in digital documents and presentations. To compose a line drawing, it is common for users to retrieve multiple line drawings from the Internet and combine them as one image. However, different line drawings may have different line styles and are visually inconsistent when put together. In order that the line drawings can have consistent looks, in this paper, we make the first attempt to perform style transfer for line drawings. The key of our design lies in the fact that centerline plays a very important role in preserving line topology and extracting style features. With this finding, we propose to formulate the style transfer problem as a centerline stylization problem and solve it via a novel style-guided image-to-image translation network. Results and statistics show that our method significantly outperforms the existing methods both visually and quantitatively.
RNA Secondary Structure Representation Network for RNA-proteins Binding Prediction
Authors: Liu Ziyi , Luo Fulin , Du Bo
Published: September 2022

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a significant part in several biological processes in the living cell, such as gene regulation and mRNA localization. Several deep learning methods, especially the model based on convolutional neural network(CNN), have been used to predict the binding sites. However, previous methods fail to represent RNA secondary structure features. The traditional deep learning methods generally transform the RNA secondary structure to a regular matrix that cannot reveal the topological structure information of RNA. To effectively extract the structure features of RNA, we propose an RNA secondary structure representation network (RNASSR-Net) based on graph convolutional neural network (GCN) and convolution neural network (CNN) for RBP binding prediction. RNASSR-Net constructs the graph model derived from the RNA secondary structure to learn the topological properties of RNA. Then, it obtains the spatial importance of each base in RNA with CNN to guide the representation of the RNA secondary structure. Finally, RNASSR-Net combines the structure and sequence features to predict the binding sites. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed method outperforms a few state-of-the-art methods on the benchmark datasets and gets a higher improvement on the small-size data. Besides, the proposed RNASSR-Net is also used to detect the accurate motifs compared with the experimentally verified motifs, which reveals the binding region location and RNA structure interpretation for some biological guidance in the future.
PANTHER: Pathway Augmented Nonnegative Tensor Factorization for HighER-order Feature Learning
Authors: Luo Yuan , Mao Chengsheng
Published: September 2022

Genetic pathways usually encode molecular mechanisms that can inform targeted interventions. It is often challenging for existing machine learning approaches to jointly model genetic pathways (higher-order features) and variants (atomic features), and present to clinicians interpretable models. In order to build more accurate and better interpretable machine learning models for genetic medicine, we introduce Pathway Augmented Nonnegative Tensor factorization for HighER-order feature learning (PANTHER). PANTHER selects informative genetic pathways that directly encode molecular mechanisms. We apply genetically motivated constrained tensor factorization to group pathways in a way that reflects molecular mechanism interactions. We then train a softmax classifier for disease types using the identified pathway groups. We evaluated PANTHER against multiple state-of-the-art constrained tensor/matrix factorization models, as well as group guided and Bayesian hierarchical models. PANTHER outperforms all state-of-the-art comparison models significantly (p
Queue-Learning: A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Providing Quality of Service
Authors: Raeis Majid , Tizghadam Ali , Leon-Garcia Alberto
Published: September 2022

End-to-end delay is a critical attribute of quality of service (QoS) in application domains such as cloud computing and computer networks. This metric is particularly important in tandem service systems, where the end-to-end service is provided through a chain of services. Service-rate control is a common mechanism for providing QoS guarantees in service systems. In this paper, we introduce a reinforcement learning-based (RL-based) service-rate controller that provides probabilistic upper-bounds on the end-to-end delay of the system, while preventing the overuse of service resources. In order to have a general framework, we use queueing theory to model the service systems. However, we adopt an RL-based approach to avoid the limitations of queueing-theoretic methods. In particular, we use Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) to learn the service rates (action) as a function of the queue lengths (state) in tandem service systems. In contrast to existing RL-based methods that quantify their performance by the achieved overall reward, which could be hard to interpret or even misleading, our proposed controller provides explicit probabilistic guarantees on the end-to-end delay of the system. The evaluations are presented for a tandem queueing system with non-exponential inter-arrival and service times, the results of which validate our controller's capability in meeting QoS constraints.