bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Stretchable and Ionically Conductive Membranes with Semi‐Interpenetrating Network Architecture for Truly All‐Solid‐State Microactuators and Microsensors
Authors: Braz Ribeiro Frédéric , Ni Bin , Nguyen Giao T. M. , Cattan Eric , Shaplov Alexander S. , Vidal Frédéric , Plesse Cédric
Published: March 2023

Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) are an emerging class of materials which have attracted considerable attention as solid‐state electrolytes because they combine the attractive properties of ionic liquids with the mechanical features of polymers. This paper presents a new method for the synthesis and characterization of stretchable and highly ionically conducting membranes and their subsequent use in truly all‐solid‐state, flexible, and soft electroactive devices. Linear conductive PIL and reinforcing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) network are first intimately entangled during the synthesis of a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN). Polymerization kinetics, thermomechanical properties, as well as ionic conductivity measurements reveal that for the 60:40 wt ratio of PEO:PIL a true synergy of the properties of both polymer partners is achieved, with ionic conductivities up to 8.7 × 10−5S cm−1at 30 °C and elongations at break greater than 100%, being both superior to each partners taken separately. The performances of these semi‐IPNs as central membranes in all‐solid‐state electrochemical microdevices, composed of three self‐supported and flexible layers, namely poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/semi‐IPN membrane/PEDOT:PSS, are successfully demonstrated. Their testing as liquid‐free ionic actuators and liquid‐free piezoionic sensors undoubtfully proves that electromechanical and mechanoelectrical responses of these all‐solid‐state microdevices can reach performances identical to that of “classical” ionic liquid‐filled systems.
Controlled Adsorption of Cellulose Nanofibrils on Fluid–Fluid Interfaces
Authors: Kim Dong Woo , Han Seongsoo , You Kwangsuk , Choi Siyoung Q.
Published: March 2023

Adsorption of particles at fluid–fluid interfaces is of great scientific and industrial importance, encompassing a variety of applications, from the stabilization of bubbles and emulsions to the fabrication of sophisticated materials with micro‐ and nanostructures. The enormous adsorption energy of a particle is believed to be the origin of adsorption, but it cannot fully explain many systems that do not adsorb, even with large adsorption energy. Here, it is systematically shown that the dynamic process of particle adsorption plays a critical role in determining whether particles are adsorbed at interfaces. Using a model system composed of a droplet and solid particle monolayer, the adsorption dynamics of cellulose nanofibrils are studied, focusing on the drainage time of a liquid thin film between the droplet and solid surface. Both the experimental and theoretical results indicate that the drainage time is regulated by the dimensionless capillary number. Controllable particle adsorption in conventional emulsions is further examined, confirming that results from this model system can be extended to large capillary numbers. This study provides important insight that it is not the adsorption energy, but the drainage process that governs particle adsorption, which can be quantitatively controlled by viscosity, interfacial tension, and particle approaching velocity.
Investigating Adsorption of Cellulose Nanocrystals at Air–Liquid and Substrate–Liquid Interfaces after pH Manipulation
Authors: Turpin Geosmin A. , Nelson Andrew , Holt Stephen A. , Giles Luke W. , Milogrodzka Izabela , Horn Roger G. , Tabor Rico F. , Hag Leonie van't
Published: March 2023

Coatings of anisotropic nanoparticles such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can provide tuneable physicochemical surface properties to a substrate such as modifying wettability. These coatings are often formed using dip coating, with CNCs enriched at the air–water interface transferred to a substrate as a monolayer. This process is commonly facilitated by surfactants, which can remain present in the final product, affecting coating properties. In this work, an “additive free” method for creating CNC coatings by exploiting electrostatic interactions within the pH window between pH 2–4 is demonstrated. Within this pH window, the air–water interface is positively charged and CNCs are negatively charged, with surface pressure tensiometry, X‐ray reflectivity, and Brewster angle microscopy indicating that CNCs are driven to the air–water interface. The optimal condition for monolayer coverage was pH 3; at pH 2 charge screening causes localized flocculation at the air–water interface, and at pH 4 interparticle repulsion leads to incomplete, patchy coverage. These findings successfully translate to dip coated CNC monolayers as characterized by atomic force microscopy, showing that the manipulation of pH can facilitate the surfactant‐free dip coating of CNCs, with advantages over the surfactants that are more typically used.
Synthesis and Structure of an Ion‐Exchanged SrTiO3 Photocatalyst with Improved Reactivity for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Mingyi , Lopato Eric M. , Ene Nnamdi N. , Funni Stephen D. , Du Tianxiang , Jiang Kunyao , Bernhard Stefan , Salvador Paul A. , Rohrer Gregory S.
Published: March 2023

BaTiO3 heated in an excess of SrCl2 at 1150 °C converts to SrTiO3 through an ion exchange reaction. The SrTiO3 synthesized by ion exchange produces hydrogen from pH 7 water at a rate more than twice that of conventional SrTiO3 treated identically. The apparent quantum yield for hydrogen production in pure water of the ion exchanged SrTiO3 is 11.4% under 380 nm illumination. The catalyst resulting from ion‐exchange differs from conventional SrTiO3 by having ≈2% residual Ba, inhomogeneous Cl‐doping at a concentration less than 1%, Kirkendall voids in the centers of particles that result from the unequal rates of Sr and Ba diffusion together with the transport of Ti and O, and nanoscale regions near the surface that have lattice spacings consistent with the Sr‐excess phase Sr2TiO4. The increased photochemical efficiency of this nonequilibrium structure is most likely related to the Sr‐excess, which is known to compensate donor defects that can act as charge traps and recombination centers.
Field‐Effect Transistor‐Based Biosensor for pH Sensing and Mapping
Authors: Ren Huihui , Liang Kun , Li Dingwei , Chen Yitong , Tang Yingjie , Wang Yan , Li Fanfan , Liu Guolei , Zhu Bowen
Published: March 2023

It is vital to acquire real‐time pH signals with high resolution as pH variation can reflect important information regarding health status and physiological environment. Field‐effect transistor (FET)‐based biosensors (bio‐FETs), a kind of potentiometric sensor, are being rapidly developed for pH detection due to their advantages of high sensitivity, low temperature dependence, and high portability. More importantly, the high scalability of bio‐FETs renders them applicable for achieving high spatial resolution in pH sensing. In this review paper, the design, operation principle, and critical characteristics of the FET‐based pH sensor are introduced. Then, the recent progress in pH mapping with FET sensor arrays, including static array where a sensor pixel is directly addressed by wiring, and active‐matrix array where a sensor pixel is accessed by additional switching FETs, is presented. Last, typical examples of pH sensor arrays in biomedical applications, such as health monitoring and DNA sequencing and elongation are presented.
Stimuli‐Responsive DNA Circuits for High‐Performance Bioimaging Application
Authors: Wu Qiong , Xu Mengqing , Shang Jinhua , He Shizhen , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan
Published: March 2023

Probing endogenous molecules in living entities is significant to help decipher biological functions and exploit novel theranostics. DNA circuits that can recognize molecular inputs of interest and transduce them into readable signal outputs in an isothermal and autonomous manner have been actively pursued as versatile toolkits for intracellular biosensing research. Tremendous efforts are being devoted to developing integrated DNA circuits with high sensitivity, while spatiotemporal selectivity is often overlooked in the construction of functional DNA circuitry systems. This requires the development of stimuli‐responsive DNA circuits that can be activated on‐demand from the initial sensing‐blunt state to the sensing‐ready state under a programmable manner, for achieving precise bioimaging with high spatiotemporal control. In this review, an overview of recent advances in the construction of stimuli‐responsive DNA circuits that respond to particular triggers, including external physical stimuli and endogenous biological cues, and their spatiotemporally controllable molecular bioimaging applications is provided. The current challenges and potential solutions of these stimuli‐responsive DNA circuits for their future developments in this emerging field are also discussed.
Analyte‐Driven Clustering of Bio‐Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Potisk Tilen , Sablić Jurij , Svenšek Daniel , Diego Elena Sanz‐de , Teran Francisco J. , Praprotnik Matej
Published: March 2023

The dynamics of bio‐conjugated magnetic nanoparticles suspended in buffer‐saline solutions containing target proteins (i.e., analytes) is investigated numerically on a mesoscopic level. To simulate the dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles the dissipative particle dynamics is employed, which allows to study rather large systems, while still retaining important microscopic nanoparticle properties. In addition, the method is coupled to the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, describing the dynamics of the magnetic nanocrystals within the macrospin approximation. The binding of multivalent analytes to the recognition ligands of the nanoparticles leads to the formation of clusters of magnetic nanoparticles, which in turn drastically changes the macroscopic magnetic response of the solution. Such colloidal changes are experimentally observable, allowing to explore new approaches to quantify the analyte amount. The ratio of the concentrations between the analytes (biomarkers) and the recognition ligands on the nanoparticles is found to play an important role in the formation and hydrodynamic size of the clusters. The proposed computational framework has great potential to be integrated with experimental efforts to advance the development of nanoparticle‐based biosensors for disease diagnostics and other biomedical applications.
Atomic‐Scale Revealing the Structure Distribution between LiMO2 and Li2MnO3 in Li‐Rich and Mn‐Based Oxide Cathode Materials
Authors: Zhuo Haoxiang , Peng Haoyang , Xiao Biwei , Wang Zhenyao , Liu Xingge , Li Zhao , Li Guohua , Bai Xiangtao , Wang Ligen , Huang Xiaowei , Wu Jingsong , Quan Wei , Wang Jiantao , Zhuang Weidong , Sun Xueliang
Published: March 2023

Lithium‐rich and manganese‐based oxide (LRMO) cathode materials are regarded as promising cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries with anionic redox characteristics and higher specific energy density. However, the complex initial structure and complicated reaction mechanism of LRMO is controversial. Herein, the reaction mechanism and unusual electrochemical phenomena are reconsidered after proposing the concept of structure distribution between Li2MnO3 and LiMO2 structures. The initial structure states show different types of composition characteristics of Li2MnO3 and LiMO2, including “large and isolated distribution” and “uniformly dispersed distribution” characteristics, as summarized by multiple aberration correction scanning transmission electron microscopy observations at the atomic‐scale for cross sectional samples. Based on the density functional theory calculations, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and atomic‐scale observations during the different voltage states, the results accordingly suggest that the distribution characteristic is the essential cause of the unusual behavior in LRMO. It governs the reaction behavior, leading to the changes in electronic structure of O2p and TM3d, and the maintenance of layered structure, reversibility of the anionic redox, as well as, the voltage hysteresis. This work constructs the interrelationships of electrochemical behavior—distribution characteristic—reaction mechanism, contributing to the further application of LRMO materials in the electric vehicle market.
Effect of Particle Size and Pressure on the Transport Properties of the Fast Ion Conductor t‐Li7SiPS8
Authors: Schneider Christian , Schmidt Christoph P. , Neumann Anton , Clausnitzer Moritz , Sadowski Marcel , Harm Sascha , Meier Christoph , Danner Timo , Albe Karsten , Latz Arnulf , Wall Wolfgang A. , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: March 2023

All‐solid‐state batteries promise higher energy and power densities as well as increased safety compared to lithium‐ion batteries by using non‐flammable solid electrolytes and metallic lithium as the anode. Ensuring permanent and close contact between the components and individual particles is crucial for long‐term operation of a solid‐state cell. This study investigates the particle size dependent compression mechanics and ionic conductivity of the mechanically soft thiophosphate solid electrolyte tetragonal Li7SiPS8 (t‐LiSiPS) under pressure. The effect of stack and pelletizing pressure is demonstrated as a powerful tool to influence the microstructure and, hence, ionic conductivity of t‐LiSiPS. Heckel analysis for granular powder compression reveals distinct pressure regimes, which differently impact the Li ion conductivity. The pelletizing process is simulated using the discrete element method followed by finite volume analysis to disentangle the effects of pressure‐dependent microstructure evolution from atomistic activation volume effects. Furthermore, it is found that the relative density of a tablet is a weaker descriptor for the sample's impedance compared to the particle size distribution. The multiscale experimental and theoretical study thus captures both atomistic and microstructural effects of pressure on the ionic conductivity, thus emphasizing the importance of microstructure, particle size distribution and pressure control in solid electrolytes.
Soft Wearable Rehabilitation Robots with Artificial Muscles based on Smart Materials: A Review
Authors: Gonzalez-Vazquez Alberto , Garcia Lorenzo , Kilby Jeff , McNair Peter
Published: March 2023

Wearables robots have gained attention for the rehabilitation of people with physical disabilities. However, the current technology relies on heavy and bulky actuation components, making it hard to use outside clinical settings. Artificial muscles based on smart materials are trending for soft wearable rehabilitation robots as they present advantages of compliance, are lightweight, and do not require external components. Nevertheless, they present challenges that remain unresolved, preventing widespread adoption. This work reviews the current state of soft wearable rehabilitation robots with artificial muscles based on smart materials (AMSMs). A literature search is conducted utilizing Web of Science and Scopus. Based on the inclusion–exclusion criteria, 15 devices are found using four different smart materials. This study attempts to provide an insight into the distinct biomechanical requirements, the use of smart materials, their limitations, their designs, and possible future research directions, which can provide helpful guidance on the implementation and development of advanced soft wearable rehabilitation robots with AMSMs.
Improved survival of patients with primary plasma cell leukemia with VRd or daratumumab‐based quadruplets: A multicenter study by the Greek myeloma study group
Authors: Katodritou Eirini , Kastritis Efstathios , Dalampira Dimitra , Delimpasi Sosana , Spanoudakis Emmanouil , Labropoulou Vasiliki , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Gkioka Annita‐Ioanna , Giannakoulas Nikos , Kanellias Nikolaos , Papadopoulou Theodosia , Sevastoudi Aggeliki , Michalis Eyrydiki , Papathanasiou Maria , Kotsopoulou Maria , Sioni Anastasia , Triantafyllou Theodora , Daiou Aikaterini , Papadatou Mavra , Kyrtsonis Marie‐Christine , Pouli Anastasia , Kostopoulos Ioannis , Verrou Evgenia , Dimopoulos Meletios‐Athanasios , Terpos Evangelos
Published: March 2023

We evaluated the efficacy and prognostic impact of bortezomib‐lenalidomide triplet (VRd) or daratumumab‐based quadruplets (DBQ) versus previous anti‐myeloma therapies, that is, bortezomib standard combinations (BSC) or conventional chemotherapy (CT), in a large cohort of patients with primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL), including those fulfilling the revised diagnostic criteria, that is, circulating plasma cells (cPCS): ≥5%; 110 pPCL patients (M/F: 51/59; median age 65 years, range: 44–86) out of 3324 myeloma patients (3%), registered in our database between 2001 and 2021, were studied; 37% had cPCS 5%–19%; 89% received novel combinations including DBQ (21%), VRd (16%) and BSC (52%); 35% underwent autologous stem cell transplantation. 83% achieved objective responses. Treatment with VRd/DBQ strongly correlated with a higher complete response rate (41% vs. 17%; p = .008). After a median follow‐up of 51 months (95% CI: 45–56), 67 patients died. Early mortality was 3.5%. Progression‐free survival was 16 months (95% CI: 12–19.8), significantly longer in patients treated with VRd/DBQ versus BSC/CT (25 months, 95% CI: 13.5–36.5 vs. 13 months 95% CI: 9–16.8; p = .03). Median overall survival (OS) was 29 months (95% CI: 19.6–38.3), significantly longer in patients treated with VRd/DBQ versus BSC/CT (not reached vs. 20 months, 95% CI: 14–26; 3‐year OS: 70% vs. 32%, respectively; p < .001; HzR: 3.88). In the multivariate analysis VRd/DBQ therapy, del17p(+) and PLT <100.000/μL, independently predicted OS (p < .05). Our study has demonstrated that in the real‐world setting, treatment with VRd/DBQ induces deep and durable responses and is a strong prognostic factor for OS representing currently the best therapeutic option for pPCL.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms and splanchnic vein thrombosis: Contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Cassinat Bruno
Published: March 2023

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are the most common etiologies of primary splanchnic vein thrombosis, present in almost forty percent of patients with Budd‐Chiari syndrome or portal vein thrombosis. Diagnosis of MPNs can be difficult in these patients because key characteristics, such as elevated blood cell counts and splenomegaly, are confounded by portal hypertension or bleeding complications. In recent years, diagnostic tools have improved to provide more accurate diagnosis and classification of MPNs. Although bone marrow biopsy findings remain a major diagnostic criterion, molecular markers are playing an increasing role not only in diagnosis but also in better estimating prognosis. Therefore, though screening for JAK2V617F mutation should be the starting point of the diagnostic workup performed in all patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to accurately diagnose the subtype of myeloproliferative neoplasm, recommend the useful additional tests (bone marrow biopsy, search for an additional mutation using targeted next‐generation sequencing), and suggest the best treatment strategy. Indeed, providing a specific expert care pathway for patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis and underlying myeloproliferative neoplasm is crucial to determine the optimal management to reduce the risk of both hematological and hepatic complications.
Selective Synthesis of Benzofuro[2,3‐c]isoquinolines and 5,6‐Dihydro‐7H‐benzo[c]benzofuro[2,3‐e]azepin‐7‐ones from 4‐Diazoisoquinolin‐3‐ones and Salicylaldehydes
Authors: Chen Junrong , Suleman Muhammad , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: March 2023

A catalyst‐controlled selective synthesis of benzofuro[2,3‐c]isoquinolines and 5,6‐dihydro‐7H‐benzo[c]benzofuro[2,3‐e]azepin‐7‐ones from salicylaldehydes and 4‐diazoisoquinolin‐3‐ones has been developed. The Co(III)‐catalyzed reactions furnished benzofuro[2,3‐c]isoquinolines as major products, while the Rh(III)‐catalyzed reactions afforded 5,6‐dihydro‐7H‐benzo[c]benzofuro[2,3‐e]azepin‐7‐ones as major products.
Multiphonon Bundle Emission in a Strong‐Coupling Cavity Optomechanical System
Authors: Deng Tong‐Hui , An Xing‐Wei , Lan Zi‐Liang , Chen Lei , Ye Sai‐yun , Zhong Zhi‐Rong
Published: March 2023

Nonclassical effects in mesoscopic systems have attracted much attention recently. In this paper, it is shown that multiphonon bundle emission can be observed in a strong‐coupling cavity optomechanical system. Theoretical analysis shows that when the driving field is adjusted to nth‐order sideband excitation, the coupling between the cavity mode and the vibrational mode leads to super‐Rabi oscillations, and finally results in an n‐phonon bundles emission. Based on the current technology, this process can work in a wide range of parameters. Numerical simulation confirms the validity of the derivation. It is thought that this physical mechanism broadens the applications of cavity optomechanical system in realm of quantum phononics, such as in quantum metrology and phonon laser.
Asymmetric Construction of α,α‐Disubstituted Piperazinones Enabled by Benzilic Amide Rearrangement
Authors: He Yu‐Ping , Quan Rui , Li Xing‐Zi , Zhu Jieping , Wu Hua
Published: March 2023

An unprecedent asymmetric catalytic benzilic amide rearrangement for the synthesis of α,α‐disubstituted piperazinones is reported. The reaction proceeds via a domino [4+1] imidazolidination/formal 1,2‐nitrogen shift/1,2‐aryl or alkyl migration sequence, employing readily available vicinal tricarbonyl compounds and 1,2‐diamines as starting materials. This approach provides an efficient access to chiral C3‐disubsituted piperazin‐2‐ones with high enantiocontrol, which are exceedingly difficult to access from the existing synthetic methodologies. The observed enantioselectivity was proposed to be controlled by dynamic kinetic resolution in the 1,2‐aryl/alkyl migration step. The resulting densely functionalized products are versatile building blocks to bioactive natural products, drug molecules and their analogues.
Dynamic‐to‐Static Planar Chirality Conversion in Pillar[5]arenes Regulated by Guest Solvents or Amplified by Crystallization
Authors: Wada Keisuke , Suzuki Misaki , Kakuta Takahiro , Yamagishi Tada‐aki , Ohtani Shunsuke , Fa Shixin , Kato Kenichi , Akine Shigehisa , Ogoshi Tomoki
Published: March 2023

Controlling dynamic chirality and memorizing the controlled chirality are important. Chirality memory has mainly been achieved using noncovalent interactions. However, in many cases, the memorized chirality arising from noncovalent interactions is erased by changing the conditions such as the solvent and temperature. In this study, the dynamic planar chirality of pillar[5]arenes was successfully converted into static planar chirality by introducing bulky groups through covalent bonds. Before introducing the bulky groups, pillar[5]arene with stereogenic carbon atoms at both rims existed as a pair of diastereomers, and thus showed planar chiral inversion that was dependent on the chain length of the guest solvent. The pS and pR forms, regulated by guest solvents, were both diastereomerically memorized by introducing bulky groups. Furthermore, the diastereomeric excess was amplified by crystallization of the pillar[5]arene. The subsequent introduction of bulky groups yielded pillar[5]arene with an excellent diastereomeric excess (95 % de).
Heterobimetallic NiFe Cooperative Molecular Water Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Tao , Guo Yu‐Hua , Xiao Yao , Du Hao‐Yi , Zhang Ming‐Tian
Published: March 2023

We reported herein the development of heterobimetallic NiFe molecular platform to understand NiFe synergistic effect in water oxidation catalysis. Compared to homonuclear bimetallic compounds (NiNi and FeFe), NiFe complex possesses more remarkable catalytic water oxidation performance. Mechanistic studies suggest that this remarkable difference is attributed to the fact that NiFe synergy can effectively promote O−O bond formation. The generated NiIII(μ‐O)FeIV=O is the key intermediate and O−O bond was formed via intramolecular oxyl‐oxo coupling between bridged O radical and terminal FeIV=O moiety.
In situ Nucleation‐Growth Strategy for Controllable Heterogeneous Supramolecular Polymerization of Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers and Their Hierarchical Assembly
Authors: Jin Bixin , Li Qin , Hu Lingjuan , Liu Qianwei , Chen Yiqi , Luo Yunjun , Chi Shumeng , Li Xiaoyu
Published: March 2023

The self‐assembly morphologies of subunits are largely governed by thermodynamics, which plays a less important role in dimensional control. Particularly for one‐dimensional assemblies from block copolymers (BCPs), the negligible energy difference between short and long ones imposes great challenges in length control. Herein, we report that by incorporating additional polymers to induce in situ nucleation and trigger the subsequent growth, controllable supramolecular polymerization driven by mesogenic ordering effect could be realized from liquid crystalline BCPs. The length of the resultant fibrillar supramolecular polymers (SP) is controlled by tuning the ratio between nucleating and growing components. Depending on the choice of BCPs, the SPs can be homopolymer‐like, heterogeneous triblock, and even pentablock copolymer‐like. More interestingly, with insoluble BCP as a nucleating component, amphiphilic SPs are fabricated, which can undergo spontaneous hierarchical assembly.
Uniform Growth of Nanocrystalline ZIF‐8 on Cellulose Nanocrystals: Useful Template for Microporous Organic Polymers
Authors: Cho Kyoungil , Andrew Lucas J. , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: March 2023

Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) nanocrystals were uniformly grown on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to give a hybrid material, ZIF@CNCs. By varying the stoichiometry of the components, it was possible to control the size of the ZIF‐8 crystals grown on the CNC surface. Optimized ZIF@CNC (ZIF@CNC‐2) was used as a template to synthesize a microporous organic polymer (MOP), ZIF@MOP@CNC. After etching the ZIF‐8 with 6 M HCl solution, a MOP material with encapsulated CNCs (MOP@CNC) was formed. Zinc coordination into the porphyrin unit of the MOP yielded the ship‐in‐a‐bottle structure, Zn MOP@CNC, comprised of CNCs encapsulated within the Zn‐MOP. In comparison to ZIF@CNC‐2, Zn MOP@CNC showed better catalytic activity and chemical stability for CO2 fixation, converting epichlorohydrin to chloroethylene carbonate. This work demonstrates a novel approach to create porous materials through CNC templating.
A Polarized Gel Electrolyte for Wide‐Temperature Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Jiao Miaolun , Dai Lixin , Ren Hong‐Rui , Zhang Mengtian , Xiao Xiao , Wang Boran , Yang Jinlong , Liu Bilu , Zhou Guangmin , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: March 2023

The development of flexible zinc‐air batteries (FZABs) has attracted broad attention in the field of wearable electronic devices. Gel electrolyte is one of the most important components in FZABs, which is urgent to be optimized to match with Zn anode and adapt to severe climates. In this work, a polarized gel electrolyte of polyacrylamide‐sodium citric (PAM‐SC) is designed for FZABs, in which the SC molecules contain large amount of polarized −COO−functional groups. The polarized −COO−groups can form an electrical field between gel electrolyte and Zn anode to suppress Zn dendrite growth. Besides, the −COO−groups in PAM‐SC can fix H2O molecules, which prevents water from freezing and evaporating. The polarized PAM‐SC hydrogel delivers a high ionic conductivity of 324.68 mS cm−1and water retention of 96.85 % after being exposed for 96 h. FZABs with the PAM‐SC gel electrolyte exhibit long cycling life of 700 cycles at −40 °C, showing the application prospect under extreme conditions.
Engineering Graphdiyne for Solar Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Jian , Zhu Lei , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: March 2023

Graphdiyne (GDY) with a direct band gap, excellent carrier mobility and uniform pores, is regarded as a promising photocatalytic material for solar energy conversion, while the research on GDY in photocatalysis is a less developed field. Herein, the distinctive structure, adjustable band gap, and electronic properties of GDY for photocatalysis is firstly summarized. The construction and progress of GDY‐based photocatalysts for solar energy conversion, including H2 evolution reaction (HER), CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and N2 reduction reaction (NRR) are then elaborated. At last, the challenges and perspectives in developing GDY‐based photocatalysts for solar fuel production are discussed. It is anticipated that a timely Minireview will be helpful for rapid progress of GDY in solar energy conversion.
Outline of the conceptual evolution of the CEFYP*
Authors: Esborraz Alejandra
Published: March 2023

This article presents a historical journey through the concepts developed (i.e., worked, modified, and made more complex) over four decades in the existence of one of the first family therapy institutions in Argentina: the CEFYP. This journey travels from its beginnings, in the midst of the military dictatorship, to the present. The concepts will be introduced and discussed taking into account those concepts that emerged and stood out as we worked therapeutically, enriching our clinic in each new paradigm. We will start from the CEFYP's emergence within the socio‐political framework of Argentina in the 1970s, its constitution as differentiated from the prevailing psychoanalytic context within the field of psychotherapies, and its evolution, an evolution that was always attentive to the particular questions that accompanied its relational approach. These questions, which intersected philosophy, anthropology, art, and critical history, will express the position of the CEFYP in relation to change, history, power, dialogue, and the therapist and their place in the process of change. Finally, it will also discuss the CEFYP's way of thinking and developing the teaching and training of relational systemic therapists. This article will also present the most outstanding clinical themes, exemplified with the use of vignettes. Among others, these include our trajectories in the clinic of violence and partner violence, the clinic in destructive divorces, and the clinic with seriously disturbed families.
A short review on recent advances in porous adsorbents for separation of oxygen from atmospheric air
Authors: Shrotri Aadesh R. , Niphadkar Prashant S. , Bokade Vijay V. , Utgikar Vivek P. , Nandanwar Sachin U.
Published: March 2023

Pure oxygen demand is continuously increasing worldwide due to wide applications including medical and industrial. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is one of the promising techniques to separate O2 from atmospheric air. The porous solid adsorbent is a key element in the PSA to trap nitrogen (N2) and release O2. Several adsorbents including low silica X (LSX), zeolite 5A, ion‐exchanged LSX (Li‐LSX, AgLi‐LSX, Ca‐LSX), Engelhard titanosilicate (Na‐ETS‐10, Ag‐ETS‐10), and SSZ‐13 have been investigated for adsorption of N2 from the air. This review article is a summarization of recent research work published on O2 separation using different porous adsorbents via PSA. This review also emphasizes on the best porous sorbent for purification of O2 by sorption of N2 and Ar. The adsorption capacities with experimental conditions are also rigorously discussed. The review also proposed future trends and prospects for O2 separation. This review will be helpful to choose remarkable adsorbent for the generation pure O2.
Study on zinc oxide‐creatinine hybrid catalyst for efficient lactide synthesis with low racemization
Authors: Tian Guiying , Wang Huiqing , Song Yuanyuan , Xiang Jun , Ying Yiran , Han Xurui , Wang Songbo , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jianping , Tang Na
Published: March 2023

Lactide is the crucial intermediate for polylactic acid (PLA) synthesis via ring‐open polymerization, but it suffers low yield and low purity induced by racemization reaction. In this work, we have developed a zinc oxide‐creatinine (ZnO‐CR) hybrid catalyst, which offers high yield (the distilled lactide yield and pure l‐lactide yield are 95.73% and 61.64%) and high purity (81.53%) for green l‐lactide synthesis at the cyclization temperature of 240°C. Furthermore, NMR and HPLC results show that CR addition significantly restrains the racemization by reducing α‐proton abstraction, where guanidine derived from the CR plays a main catalytic role to provide a tight association with the carbonyl oxygen in the carboxyl of LnA oligomers. Therefore, carbonyl‐carbon with the enhanced electrophilicity is easier being attacked by a hydroxyl terminal of LnA oligomers, leading to high yield and high purity for lactide synthesis.
Synthesis and characterization of poly [(3,4‐ethylenedioxy) thiophene]:polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) for energy storage device application
Authors: Goyal Megha , Agarwal Satya Narayan , Singh Kulwant , Bhatnagar Nitu
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the facile synthesis and characterization aspects of PEDOT:PSS has been presented, in the context of energy storage device technology. PEDOT/PSS particles were synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization to improve the electrical conductivity. The mechanism for this conductivity enhancement was studied through various chemical and physical characterizations. The structural characterization establishes that all the samples have high surface area and are highly crystalline, showing 3–4 nm spherical nanoparticles with the smoother surface. The electrical conductivity of measured thin film reached 6.23 × 10−6 ℧ cm−1. The use of the PEDOT:PSS as a binders will surely be helpful for scaling up the energy storage technology like high electrical conductivity, the ability for aqueous processing, electrochemical performance, good electrochemical stability and shows good binding ability. It also helps to protect the energy storage devices against electrode particle cracking, solid electrolyte interface (SEI), dendrite formation or lithium plating.
Electrothermal properties of short carbon fiber/PLA composite structure and its fast response behavior
Authors: Lin Liulan , Liu Guomin , Xu Weixuan
Published: March 2023

In this study, a new short carbon fiber (SCF) composite structure with electric triggering shape memory properties is developed. The SCF is cast on poly (lactic acid) substrate, then encapsulated by polyvinyl alcohol after drying and molding. In the experiment, the conductivity of the short carbon fiber/PLA sample with 5 mm conductive soft segment and 0.1 mm thickness diamond grid reached the 87.3 S/m, and the temperature of the substrate is higher than its glass transition temperature under 3 V voltage, indicating that the electric heating manner is feasible and stable. The shape recovery rate of the composite structure reaches 91.36%, and the shape memory deformation time is 18 s. This study provides a low‐cost and efficient preparation method for SCF reinforced composite structure, which is promoting the development and application of electric triggering shape memory polymers.
First report on rhinoceros from the late Neogene Qin Basin of Shanxi, China
Authors: Shi Bao‐Zhong , Chen Shao‐Kun , Lu Xiao‐Kang , Deng Tao
Published: March 2023

Dihoplus is a rhinoceros distributed across East Asia and Europe from the Late Miocene to Pliocene. This study describes a new skull from the Qin Basin in Shanxi Province, China, referred to as Dihoplus ringstroemi, which has long been debated in taxonomic identity. This skull confirms that D. ringstroemi is an independent species and reveals the presence of the upper incisor and variations in the degree of constriction of the two lingual cusps of upper cheek teeth. In addition, the new skull indicates that the Qin Basin has a late Neogene sediment and fauna comparable to that of the Yushe Basin.
Variation in the management of cT1 renal cancer by surgical hospital volume: A nationwide study
Authors: Yildirim H. , Schuurman M. S. , Widdershoven C. V. , Lagerveld B. W. , van den Brink L. , Ruiter A. E. C. , Beerlage H. P. , van Moorselaar R. J. A. , Graafland N. M. , Bex A. , Aben K. K. H. , Zondervan P. J.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To analyse variation in clinical management of cT1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the Netherlands related to surgical hospital volume (HV).

Materials and methods

Patients diagnosed with cT1 RCC during 2014–2020 were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patient and tumour characteristics were retrieved. Hospitals performing kidney cancer surgery were categorised by annual HV as low (HV < 25), medium (HV = 25–49) and high (HV > 50). Trends over time in nephron‐sparing strategies for cT1a and cT1b were evaluated. Patient, tumour and treatment characteristics of (partial) nephrectomies were compared by HV. Variation in applied treatment was studied by HV.

Results

Between 2014 and 2020, 10 964 patients were diagnosed with cT1 RCC. Over time, a clear increase in nephron‐sparing management was observed. The majority of cT1a underwent a partial nephrectomy (PN), although less PNs were applied over time (from 48% in 2014 to 41% in 2020). Active surveillance (AS) was increasingly applied (from 18% to 32%). For cT1a, 85% received nephron‐sparing management in all HV categories, either with AS, PN or focal therapy (FT). For T1b, radical nephrectomy (RN) remained the most common treatment (from 57% to 50%). Patients in high‐volume hospitals underwent more often PN (35%) for T1b compared with medium HV (28%) and low HV (19%).

Conclusion

HV is related to variation in the management of cT1 RCC in the Netherlands. The EAU guidelines have recommended PN as preferred treatment for cT1 RCC. In most patients with cT1a, nephron‐sparing management was applied in all HV categories, although differences in applied strategy were found and PN was more frequently used in high HV. For T1b, high HV was associated with less appliance of RN, whereas PN was increasingly used. Therefore, closer guideline adherence was found in high‐volume hospitals.
An overview of CYP27B1 enzyme mutation and management: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zamanfar Daniel , Ghazaiean Mobin
Published: March 2023

Vitamin D‐dependent rickets type 1 (VDDRIA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the Cytochrome P450 Family 27 Subfamily B Member 1 (CYP27B1) gene, which encodes for the enzyme 1 alpha‐hydroxylase. We report a known case of VDDRIA with hypotonia, growth and developmental disorders and discuss about the mutation and its management.
Familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia with arcus cornea and xanthomas: A rare but serious entity
Authors: Chamli Amal , Zaouak Anissa , Frioui Refka , Fenniche Samy , Hammami Houda
Published: March 2023

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a rare but life‐threatening disorder. Skin manifestations can be its only manifestation. We present a case of a fifteen‐year‐old female child, with multiple eruptive xanthomas, xanthomas anarcus, and a deranged lipid profile consistent with FH. The presence of this manifestation especially in the younger age group should draw attention to hypercholesterolemia. A timely diagnosis is fundamental to prevent serious complications and for early treatment.
A case of glial fibrillary acidotic protein (GFAP) meningoencephalitis with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Salari Mehri , Etemadifar Masoud , Soleymani Reyhaneh , Murgai Aditya Ashok , Rashedi Ronak
Published: March 2023

Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which affects various regions in the CNS, presenting by variable clinical manifestations. Meningoencephalitis is the most common clinical presentation and association with autoimmune disorders has been reported in about 20% of these patients. Diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of CSF or serum immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) against GFAP. The reported case is a 53‐year‐old woman with the history of long‐standing rheumatoid arthritis who first presented with acute‐onset dizziness and gait disturbance, periventricular linear and radial enhancement pattern on MRI, and normal CSF analysis, successfully treated with an increase in the dose of oral steroids. After a year she had a subacute‐onset, moderate to severe holocephalic headache, normal neurologic examination and CSF analysis, and bilateral diffuse, pachymeningeal, and leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI. According to her Brain MRI imaging with relapsing remitting course steroid responsive ataxia and aseptic meningitis, her serum was tested for GFAP IgG antibodies which was positive. The reported patient is the first in the literature reported pachymeningitis in GFAP astrocytopathy. This case highlights the co‐occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis with GFAP‐associated astrocytopathy, and expands on the previously reported cases with similar association. This might also suggest a common immune pathogenesis.
Prolonged delirium caused by lithium poisoning in an endometrial cancer patient at advanced stage: A case report
Authors: Natsuyama Tomoya , Okamoto Naomichi , Akaji Haruka , Hoshino Kaori , Ikenouchi Atsuko , Yoshimura Reiji
Published: March 2023

A patient with schizoaffective disorder and receiving long‐term treatment with lithium developed prolonged delirium. She had recently been diagnosed with stage IVB endometrial cancer and presented a deteriorating general condition. Toxic levels of lithium were measured in serum. After hemodialysis, lithium levels gradually decreased and the symptoms disappeared completely.
Pulmonary embolism in an ESRD patient following minimal venotomy and milking for salvage of dysfunctional autogenous arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Rimal Ankit , Karki Bipin , Paudel Ashmita , Pradhan Utsav Lal , Bhusal Kabi Raj
Published: March 2023

Pulmonary embolism can be a complication following an attempted salvage of a dysfuctional arteriovenous fistula (AVF). We report a case of bilateral pulmonary embolism in a patient with underlying pericardial effusion who, following minimal venotomy and milking of the AVF, developed sudden and significant respiratory distress, and later improved.
Remibrutinib inhibits hives effector cells stimulated by serum from chronic urticaria patients independently of FcεR1 expression level and omalizumab clinical response
Authors: Gimeno Ramón , Ribas‐Llauradó Clara , Pesque David , Andrades Evelyn , Cenni Bruno , Ambros Barbara , Pujol Ramon , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M.
Published: March 2023

Background

Despite advances in the treatment of chronic urticaria, in a significant percentage of the patients symptoms are not fully controlled with conventional approaches. New strategies under development include blocking intracellular mediators of mast cell and basophil activation.

Objective

We aim to investigate the effects of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor remibrutinib on human blood basophils and CD34+‐derived mast cells activation induced by serum obtained from chronic urticaria patients.

Methods

Twenty‐two patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (mean age 52 years, 27% women) and 22 patients with chronic inducible urticaria (46 years, 27% women) were included in the study together with a sex‐matched control group. Patients were classified as responders or non‐responders to anti‐IgE therapy on the basis of their clinical data, FcεR1a expression on blood basophils and total IgE levels. Changes on CD63 expression—as an activation marker‐, were used to evaluate in vitro the response of basophils and mast cells to serum exposure and the inhibitory effects of remibrutinib.

Results

Remibrutinib inhibits degranulation induced by IgE cross‐linking in mast cells and basophils and also the activation triggered by factors present in the sera of spontaneous and inducible chronic urticaria patients. Patient's serum induces a greater degranulation of effector cells than controls. Activation of mast cells and basophils by patient sera and remibrutinib effects were not related to omalizumab responsiveness.

Conclusion

Remibrutinib inhibits activation of human basophils and mast cells induced in vitro by exposure to the serum of chronic urticaria patients independently of their response to omalizumab.
Circulating tumor DNA‐based molecular residual disease detection for treatment monitoring in advanced melanoma patients
Authors: Eroglu Zeynep , Krinshpun Shifra , Kalashnikova Ekaterina , Sudhaman Sumedha , Ozturk Topcu Turkan , Nichols Matt , Martin Justin , Bui Katherine M. , Palsuledesai Charuta C. , Malhotra Meenakshi , Olshan Perry , Markowitz Joseph , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Messina Jane L. , Aleshin Alexey
Published: March 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have substantially improved overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma; however, the lack of biomarkers to monitor treatment response and relapse remains an important clinical challenge. Thus, a reliable biomarker is needed that can risk‐stratify patients for disease recurrence and predict response to treatment.

Methods

A retrospective analysis using a personalized, tumor‐informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay on prospectively collected plasma samples (n = 555) from 69 patients with advanced melanoma was performed. Patients were divided into three cohorts: cohort A (N = 30), stage III patients receiving adjuvant ICI/observation; cohort B (N = 29), unresectable stage III/IV patients receiving ICI therapy; and cohort C (N = 10), stage III/IV patients on surveillance after planned completion of ICI therapy for metastatic disease.

Results

In cohort A, compared to molecular residual disease (MRD)‐negative patients, MRD‐positivity was associated with significantly shorter distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS; hazard ratio [HR], 10.77; p = .01). Increasing ctDNA levels from the post‐surgical or pre‐treatment time point to after 6 weeks of ICI were predictive of shorter DMFS in cohort A (HR, 34.54; p < .0001) and shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) in cohort B (HR, 22; p = .006). In cohort C, all ctDNA‐negative patients remained progression‐free for a median follow‐up of 14.67 months, whereas ctDNA‐positive patients experienced disease progression.

Conclusion

Personalized and tumor‐informed longitudinal ctDNA monitoring is a valuable prognostic and predictive tool that may be used throughout the clinical course of patients with advanced melanoma.
Neuroradiological findings in children with subdural hematoma and suspected abusive head trauma
Authors: Zahl Sverre Morten , Andersson Jacob , Wester Knut , Wikström Johan
Published: March 2023

Aim

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is often suspected in infants with subdural hematoma (SDH). Other neuroradiological findings have also been reported in assumed AHT, such as hypoxic–ischemic injury (HII), cortical vein thrombosis, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to investigate neuroradiological and clinical findings in cases of suspected AHT.

Methods

Infants with SDH suspected to be caused by AHT, referred to the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine during the period 1994–2018, were considered for inclusion.

Results

Ninety‐six cases were included, with 68% males. The proportions of infants born prematurely, and twins, were higher than in the normal population. Signs of “benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space” (BESS) were found in 36% and were associated with chronic SDH and nonacute symptoms. HII was found in 16% and was associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and high mortality, but not traumatic findings. Clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure were associated with retinal hemorrhages.

Conclusion

This analysis indicates that infants with SDH investigated for AHT are a heterogeneous group with some cases associated with external signs of trauma and others with possibly nontraumatic etiologies. Infants with BESS are more likely to have chronic SDH and nonacute symptoms. Patients with HII often have serious/fatal outcomes, but are not associated with external signs of injury. The overrepresentation of males, premature infants, and twins is unexplained.