bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Near-Surface Wind and Turbulence at the Edge of the Orographic Drag Gray Zone by Tuning the Roughness Length
Authors: Hrastinski Mario , Mašek Ján , Šljivić Ana
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present the implementation and evaluate the impact of the new roughness length configuration in the ALARO canonical model configuration of the ALADIN system at the edge of the orographic gravity wave drag gray zone. As an essential input for turbulence parameterization, the roughness length affects the near-surface turbulent fluxes and the screen-level interpolation of meteorological parameters. We utilize GMTED2010 and ECOCLIMAP-II databases to derive orographic and vegetation components of the effective roughness length and introduce tuning parameters enabling us to optimize predicted near-surface turbulent momentum fluxes and 10-m wind speed. Based on sensitivity tests, we (i) prove the necessity of tuning the roughness length fields, (ii) considerably reduce the RMSE of near-surface turbulent momentum fluxes (6%–7%) and 10-m wind speed for different groups of stations (3%–10%), and (iii) identify the tree height as the most influential input parameter in our computational domain. The RMSE decomposition indicates that the improvement of 10-m wind speed mostly comes from a decrease in the random error and bias of the mean. The variability is slightly underestimated, thus reducing the model accuracy for wind speeds above the 95th percentile but at an acceptable level. We explain that roughness length tuning also compensates for the missing roughness sublayer correction in our system. Finally, we show that, although the impact of the orographic gravity wave drag scheme at a horizontal mesh size of 1.8 km is generally small, it is still beneficial for capturing some finer features observed in atmospheric soundings.

Significance Statement

Aiming to improve the 10-m wind speed forecast without sacrificing the accuracy of turbulent momentum fluxes in the kilometric resolution numerical weather prediction model, we derived new roughness length fields from high-resolution physiography databases. Therein, we proved the importance of tuning the input orography and vegetation fields and, depending on the time of day and year, reduced the root-mean-square error of 10-m wind speed by 3%–10%. Further, we demonstrated that orographic gravity wave drag parameterization is still needed to predict finer details seen in wind profiles from atmospheric soundings. Finally, we discussed the related simplifications in our model and their implications and proposed steps toward a more consistent and complete treatment of the near-surface turbulence.
The Prognostic Value of Alpha-Fetoprotein Ratio in Patients With Resectable Alpha-Fetoprotein-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Li-Yue , Cen Wen-Jian , Zeng Xin-Xin , Zhong Yu-Yun , Deng Ling , Yang Jiao-Jiao , Li Ming , Wang Fang
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ratio in patients with AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 600 AFP-negative HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy. The AFP ratio was calculated as the ratio of AFP level 1 week before surgery to the level 20-40 days after hepatectomy. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to assess protein expression in HCC tissue. The primary outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results

The study found that a cutoff value of 1.6 ng/ml for AFP ratio, determined using X-tile software, was optimal for predicting prognosis. Patients with a high AFP ratio had a worse prognosis compare to those with a low AFP ratio (DFS, P = .026; OS, P = .034). Patients with a high AFP ratio had a worse prognosis compared to those with a low AFP ratio. Multivariate analysis revealed that AFP ratio >1.6, negative HepPar-1 expression, and vascular invasion were independent predictors of both DFS and OS. Vascular invasion had a higher area under the curve (AUC) than AFP ratio and HepPar-1 expression in predicting recurrence and death. The combination of AFP ratio, HepPar-1 expression, and vascular invasion provided better predictive accuracy for DFS and OS.

Conclusion

The AFP ratio is a potential prognostic marker for AFP-negative HCC patients after hepatectomy. Combining the analysis of AFP ratio with HepPar-1 expression and vascular invasion can enhance the accuracy of predicting prognosis in these patients.
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Infective Endocarditis Readmissions in Patients With Variables Associated With Liver Disease in the United States
Authors: Khayata Mohamed , Grimm Richard A. , Griffin Brian P. , Xu Bo
Published: January 2024

Infective endocarditis (IE) is common in patients with liver disease. Outcomes of IE in patients with liver disease are limited. We aimed to investigate IE outcomes in patients with variables associated with liver disease in the USA. We used the 2017 National Readmission Database to identify index admission of adults with IE, based on the International Classification of Disease, 10th revision codes. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission. Secondary outcomes were mortality and predictors of hospital readmission. We identified 40,413 IE admissions. Patients who were readmitted were more likely to have a history of HCV (19.4 vs 12.3%, P < .001), hyponatremia (25 vs 21%, P < .001), and thrombocytopenia (20.3 vs 16.3%, P < .001). After adjusting for age, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and end stage renal disease, hyponatremia (odds ratio (OR) 1.25; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.17–1.35; P < .001) and thrombocytopenia (OR 1.16; 95% CI: 1.08–1.24; P < .001) correlated with higher odds of 30-day readmission. Mortality was higher among patients with hyponatremia (29 vs 22%, P < .001), thrombocytopenia (29 vs 17%, P < .001), coagulopathy (12 vs 5%, P < .001), cirrhosis (6 vs 4%, P < .001), ascites (7 vs 3%, P < .001), liver failure (18 vs 3%, P < .001), and portal hypertension (3 vs 1.5%, P < .001).
Compact spinning: a comprehensive review of the revolution in yarn manufacturing
Authors: Saty Malik Yonis Hassan , Sarkodie Bismark , Abdalla Ibrahim , Farooq Amjad , Elhassan Ahmed , Wang Yong , Xu Zhenzhen
Published: January 2024

Compact spinning has emerged as a contemporary spinning technology that has garnered significant attention due to its capacity to produce yarns with excellent properties. The strategy is a variation of conventional ring spinning that seeks to get rid of the spinning triangle while improving the uniformity, strength, and hairiness of the yarn. In compact spinning, fiber condensation is achieved by negative pressure airflow, which compresses the fibers and reduces their thickness. This results in a higher packing density of the fibers, leading to stronger and more uniform yarns. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of compact spinning technology, covering its principle, fiber condensation method, and the types of machines used. The quality of the yarn is greatly influenced by various systems and parameters such as lattice apron, air suction slot geometry, airflow fields, and twist mechanism employed in compact spinning. We present a compendium of the various developments established in studies on compact spinning, which could serve as a platform for developing new techniques in compact spinning for the production of high-quality yarns with low economic burdens. This review discusses compact spinning, two main systems, machines, influential parameters/peripherals, disadvantages, and the future prospects of compact spinning. Additionally, we provide a summary of previous research on compact spinning, highlighting its benefits and advantages over traditional ring spinning. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of guiding devices and lattice apron type on yarn quality. We also explore the potential of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in enhancing the performance and design of compact spinning machines.
Artificial intelligence (AI) in psychology: a commentary on AI’s emerging role and the ensuing conversation
Authors: Munnik James Barry , Noorbhai Habib
Published: January 2024

This brief commentary explores the opportunities and challenges presented by the increasing prevalence of artificial intelligence in the field of psychology in South Africa. Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionise teaching and learning, research, content production, and professional services, but it also presents some challenges to academic and professional psychology in South Africa. While some generative artificial intelligence can produce written work, such as assignments, literature reviews, and theses, they currently cannot replace human reasoning and the critical thinking abilities required to argue a particular point (at this stage). Artificial intelligence chatbots can also act as teaching assistants and even provide complex psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioural therapy. In research and publication, artificial intelligence can increase efficiency and provide new insights and perspectives by detecting patterns and relationships that may have been overlooked by human researchers. However, the use of artificial intelligence raises ethical concerns, particularly around ownership and authorship of artificial intelligence–generated content, potential biases, and errors. The commentary concludes that as artificial intelligence technology continues to evolve, and with the human–artificial intelligence partnership continuing to unfold, it is important to recognise the risks associated with its use in academic writing and ensure that psychology students develop appropriate research skills.
The midfacial segment pain: little known disorder in need of scientific evaluation
Authors: Straburzyński Marcin , M. Agius Adrian , Boczarska-Jedynak Magdalena , Brożek-Mądry Eliza , Dżaman Karolina , Gradek-Kwinta Elżbieta , Gryglas-Dworak Anna , Nowaczewska Magdalena , Sama Anshul , Smardz Joanna , Tsang Hoo Kee , Więckiewicz Mieszko , Waliszewska-Prosół Marta
Published: January 2024

Despite its inclusion in the International Classification of Orofacial Pain, tension-type orofacial pain has little support in the scientific literature. However, a similar-in-phenotype orofacial pain perceived in the middle segment of the face has been described by few case series from mostly ear, nose and throat clinics. The authors of these descriptions used the term ‘midfacial segment pain’. Patients had no significant sinonasal disorder in these studies, but experienced symmetrical pain perceived mostly over the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. No aura or autonomic symptoms were present apart from mild nasal congestion or rhinorrhoea in some individuals. This description appears similar to tension-type headache, but with midfacial location. In this viewpoint, we indicate a need to fill this gap in scientific knowledge and propose a multicentre interdisciplinary study that would give a detailed description of this type of orofacial pain.
Incorporating Road Network Connectivity in Neighboring Structures for Crash Prediction Models at the Area Level
Authors: Aguero-Valverde Jonathan , Vargas-Aguilar Dario
Published: January 2024

Spatial correlation models have been traditionally used in road safety to account for spatial effects resulting from unmeasured or unknown risk factors that induce spatial correlation between neighboring areas. In transportation, the interaction between neighboring areas is highly influenced by the number of roads that connect those areas and the importance of those roads. This paper proposes an approach in which the weights of the spatial interaction (and therefore the spatial correlation) between areas depends on the number of road connections between those areas and the importance of those connections. The results using districts in Costa Rica show that the inclusion of road network connectivity in the models of spatial correlation significantly improves model fit, even after accounting for model complexity using the deviance information criterion (DIC) and widely applicable information criterion (WAIC). The inclusion of higher weights for national roads compared to municipal or local roads further improved the model fit. The best three models with respect to the posterior deviance, DIC, and WAIC are those that give at least three times more weight to national roads compared to local roads. With respect to site ranking, those three models present similar results, which also highlights the consistency among those models.
Accuracy of Noninvasive Blood Pressure Monitoring in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Haber Erin N. , Sonti Rajiv , Simkovich Suzanne M. , Pike C. William , Boxley Christian L. , Fong Allan , Weintraub William S. , Cobb Nathan K.
Published: January 2024

Background: Blood pressure (BP) is routinely invasively monitored by an arterial catheter in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the available data comparing the accuracy of noninvasive methods to arterial catheters for measuring BP in the ICU are limited by small numbers and diverse methodologies. Purpose: To determine agreement between invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring (IABP) and noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) in critically ill patients. Methods: This was a single center, observational study of critical ill adults in a tertiary care facility evaluating agreement (≤10% difference) between simultaneously measured IABP and NIBP. We measured clinical features at time of BP measurement inclusive of patient demographics, laboratory data, severity of illness, specific interventions (mechanical ventilation and dialysis), and vasopressor dose to identify particular clinical scenarios in which measurement agreement is more or less likely. Results: Of the 1852 critically ill adults with simultaneous IABP and NIBP readings, there was a median difference of 6 mm Hg in mean arterial pressure (MAP), interquartile range (1-12), P < .01. A logistic regression analysis identified 5 independent predictors of measurement discrepancy: increasing doses of norepinephrine (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.10 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.08-1.12] P = .03 for every change in 5 µg/min), lower MAP value (aOR 0.98 [0.98-0.99] P < .01 for every change in 1 mm Hg), higher body mass index (aOR 1.04 [1.01-1.09] P = .01 for an increase in 1), increased patient age (aOR 1.31 [1.30-1.37] P < .01 for every 10 years), and radial arterial line location (aOR 1.74 [1.16-2.47] P = .04). Conclusions: There was broad agreement between IABP and NIBP in critically ill patients over a range of BPs and severity of illness. Several variables are associated with measurement discrepancy; however, their predictive capacity is modest. This may guide future study into which patients may specifically benefit from an arterial catheter.
Evaluation of post-transfusion RBC alloimmunization in dogs using a gel-column crossmatch with and without anti-canine globulin enhancement
Authors: Thomas-Hollands Alison , Hess Rebecka S. , Weinstein Nicole M. , Fromm Samantha , Chappini Nicole A. , Marryott Kimberly , Callan Mary Beth
Published: January 2024

A blood crossmatch is essential to ensure RBC compatibility for previously transfused dogs. There is no gold standard crossmatch method for dogs, although the standards used most commonly by academic institutions and reference laboratories are the tube and gel-column crossmatches. Addition of anti-canine globulin (ACG) has been suggested to increase detection of RBC incompatibilities. Our objective was to determine if there is a correlation between results of a standard and an ACG-enhanced gel-column crossmatch in detecting post-transfusion RBC alloimmunization. Pre- and post-transfusion serum or plasma samples were obtained from 33 dogs for major crossmatches to 1–6 (median: 3) blood donors. Crossmatches were performed with ( n = 202) and without ( n = 202) ACG, with results scored by 4 observers, 3 of whom were anonymized. Ten of 33 (30%) dogs had major crossmatch incompatibilities post-transfusion. RBC incompatibilities (2–4+ agglutination) were detected only with ACG in 4 dogs, only without ACG in 3 dogs, and with both methods in 3 dogs. There was fair correlation between crossmatch methods for determination of compatibility (ρ = 0.34; p < 0.001) and incompatibility (ρ = 0.35; p < 0.001) scores. Among 4 observers, there was near-perfect agreement in determining compatibility (κ = 0.97; p < 0.001) and substantial agreement in overall scoring of incompatibility (κ = 0.77; p < 0.001). Our results suggest that detection of RBC incompatibilities in dogs can be maximized by performing a gel-column crossmatch both with and without ACG enhancement.
Rapid differentiation of infectious salmon anemia virus avirulent (HPR0) from virulent (HPRΔ) variants using multiplex RT-qPCR
Authors: Rounsville Thomas F. , Polinski Mark P. , Marini Alyssa G. , Turner Sarah M. , Vendramin Niccolò , Cuenca Argelia , Pietrak Michael R. , Peterson Brian C. , Bouchard Deborah A.
Published: January 2024

Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV; Isavirus salaris) causes an economically important disease of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.). ISA outbreaks have resulted in significant losses of farmed salmon globally, often with a sudden onset. However, 2 phenotypically distinct variants of ISAV exist, each with divergent disease outcomes, associated regulations, and control measures. ISAV-HPRΔ, also known as ISAV-HPR deleted, is responsible for ISA outbreaks; ISAV-HPR0, is avirulent and is not known to cause fish mortality. Current detection methodology requires genetic sequencing of ISAV-positive samples to differentiate phenotypes, which may slow responses to disease management. To increase the speed of phenotypic determinations of ISAV, we developed a new, rapid multiplex RT-qPCR method capable of 1) detecting if a sample contains any form of ISAV, 2) discriminating whether positive samples contain HPRΔ or HPR0, and 3) validating RNA extractions with an internal control, all in a single reaction. Following assay development and optimization, we validated this new multiplex on 31 ISAV strains collected from North America and Europe (28 ISAV-HPRΔ, 3 ISAV-HPR0). Finally, we completed an inter-laboratory comparison of this multiplex qPCR with commercial ISAV testing and found that both methods provided equivalent results for ISAV detection.
‘People don’t buy art, they buy artists’: Robot artists – work, identity, and expertise
Authors: Ashton Daniel , Patel Karen
Published: January 2024

This article critically examines the construction of the artistic identity and career of Ai-Da, ‘the world's first ultra-realistic humanoid robot artist’. Engaging with scholarship on posthumanism and creative assemblages, and creative work, identity and expertise, this article conceptualises Ai-Da's distinctive positioning and focuses on the practices used to construct a creative worker identity and career. The article uses qualitative content analysis to examine journalistic coverage, promotional and presentation activities, exhibitions and performances, and social media postings over a four-year period from Ai-Da’s first launch to international visibility. The analysis shows how Ai-Da is positioned as a high-profile, border crossing artist, engaging in debates about Artificial Intelligence (AI), art, and the environment. It considers the creative assemblage of Ai-Da as a humanoid robot artist, the creator Aidan Meller and the team working with him, and the wider contextual factors of aesthetic expertise, networks and knowledge of art worlds which have shaped Ai-Da's artistic identity and career trajectory. The focus on how Ai-Da signals expertise on social media helps to frame the specific techniques used to speak about and for Ai-Da on social media platforms and wider media coverage. This includes articulating inspiration, showcasing artistic processes and cultivating audience relationships. In concluding, the implications of connecting critical perspectives on creative work with developments in art, AI and robot artists are explored: firstly, for understanding how the practices for constructing an artistic identity shape the development of robot artists; secondly, for understanding how developments in art and AI can frame reflections on artistic identity and careers.
Analyzing microstructural, residual stress, and mechanical characteristics in dissimilar welds of Inconel 59 and AISI 904L through double-pulsed gas metal arc welding
Authors: Muthukumaran N , Arulmurugan B , Manikandan M
Published: January 2024

In this research, dissimilar welding of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 59 and austenitic stainless steel AISI 904L steel was successfully done with double-pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW) using the filler ERNiCrMo-13. Macroscopic analysis showed a defect-free weld with an aspect ratio of 2.4, attributed to the efficient heat delivery (0.642 kJ/mm) in DP-GMAW. The microstructure of the weld joint was examined through both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Examination of the microstructure of the weld interface exposed grain coarsening near the heat-affected zone on the AISI 904L side. In contrast, the weld fusion zone contained fine equiaxed dendrites. Microsegregation and alloying element migration across the entire weld area were assessed through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy point analysis and line mapping, revealing controlled microsegregation across the region. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to ascertain the average grain size (38.41 nm) and secondary phase composition. The XRD-cosα method was used to assess the residual stress of the weld joint, revealing tensile residual stress in the weld zone and compressive residual stress in other regions. Tensile, Charpy impact, and Vickers hardness tests were conducted in the study to evaluate the strength, toughness, and hardness of a dissimilar weld. The impact of two cryogenic treatments, namely shallow and deep, on tensile and toughness characteristics was investigated in this study. The cryogenic treatments significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of weld samples compared to their as-welded condition, leading to an 11.5% increase in tensile strength and a 10% improvement in toughness.
Bomba planning and the pursuit of a just recovery
Authors: Torres-Cordero Ariam L
Published: January 2024

In the face of disasters, disadvantaged populations often rely on the recovery opportunities and pathways provided by grassroots movements. These pathways are built through informal planning practices and meanings that are often illegible for planning scholars and practitioners, and thus rarely reach disaster scholarship in ways that stimulate theory building. This article uses insurgent planning as a lens to examine grassroots movements and their efforts to advance alternative pathways for recovery in contexts where formal disaster planning is more likely to displace and dispossess than to enhance the livelihoods of the poorest and most marginalized. The article is based on an exploratory case study research in Puerto Rico after the 2017 Hurricane María and introduces the notion of ‘ bomba planning’ as an analytic device to capture the distinctive features and dominant modes of engagement of grassroots movements in Puerto Rico in their pursuit of a more just and humane recovery.
Cataloging Architectural Drawings: Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Age
Authors: Drysdale Tom
Published: January 2024

The special approaches to cataloging architectural drawings that were developed in the analog era of printed catalogs have persisted for over half a century. But the growth of digital technology in more recent years has created new challenges and opportunities for custodians of architectural drawings that have yet to be fully explored. This article examines traditional approaches to cataloging architectural drawings in the United Kingdom, including the highly influential system developed at the Royal Institute of British Architects in the 1970s, alongside recent literature and examples of modern finding aids to reveal the impact that digital technology has had on the practice of archival description, together with the possibilities that new technology offers for presentation and access to online descriptions. By highlighting the key developments in digital cataloging and relating them to the medium of architectural drawings, this article will enable custodians of architectural collections to ensure that their catalogs are fit for purpose in the digital age.
Determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study
Authors: Etana Tola Diriba , Bayissa Zenebu Begna , Desissa Tamene Abera , Solbana Lencho Kajela , Tesfaye Azeb Haile , Eba Bikila Fufa
Published: January 2024

Background:

Diabetic nephropathy is defined as patients with diabetes mellitus who have persistent proteinuria for at least three consecutive measurements per year, a high blood creatinine level (>130 mol/l), or a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (<60 ml/min). Limited studies were done in Ethiopia on determinants of diabetic nephropathy among diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022.

Methods:

A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from 6 September to 9 November 2022, among diabetic patients on follow-up at public health hospitals in Addis Ababa. Using consecutive sampling techniques, a total of 442 (353 controls and 89 cases) were recruited, with a control-to-case ratio of 4:1. The data were collected using a structured and interview-administered questionnaire and variables like high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, Glycated hemoglobin, and type of diabetes were extracted from the medical records of the patients using a checklist. The collected data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and analyzed by STATA version 15.0. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression were selected for the final model. In multivariable logistic regression model fitting, variables with a p-value < 0.05 with 95% CI adjusted odds ratio have declared statistically significant risk factors of diabetic nephropathy.

Results:

In this study, out of 442 study participants, 334 controls and 89 cases were included in the analysis, with a response rate of 94.6% and 100%, respectively. The majority of the study participants were 92.13% of cases and 84.13% of controls; 7.87% of cases, and 15.87% of controls were type 2 diabetes mellitus. Age 65 and above years old (AOR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.57); Smoking cigarette (AOR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.18, 4.16); Non-adherent to diet (AOR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.84); Drinking alcohols (AOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.52); Duration with diabetes more than 10 years (AOR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.76, 6.54); Poor glycemic control (AOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.28); and Low-density lipoprotein (AOR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.69, 5.28) were found to be statistically significant risk factors of nephropathy among diabetic patients.

Conclusion:

This study found that old age, smoking cigarettes, non-adherence to diet, duration of diabetes, alcohol drinking, Glycated hemoglobin A1C, and high low-density lipoprotein were risk factors for nephropathy. Hence, continuous health education on lifestyle modifications and diabetic-related complications in each follow-up visit via front-line health professionals are very essential to avert the problem.
Deep Sedation in Pediatric Patients With Single Ventricle Physiology Outside of the Operating Room
Authors: Yabrodi Mouhammad , Abdel-Mageed Sarah , Abulebda Kamal , Murphy Lee D. , Rodenbarger Andrew , Bhai Hamza , Lutfi Riad , Friedman Matthew L.
Published: January 2024

Background: Advancements in palliative surgery of patients with single ventricle physiology have led to an increase in the need for deep sedation protocols for painful procedures. However, positive pressure ventilation during anesthesia can result in unfavorable cardiopulmonary interactions. This patient population may benefit from sedation from these painful procedures. Methods: This study aims to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of deep sedation by pediatric intensivists outside the operating room for children with single ventricle physiology. This is a single-center, retrospective chart review on consecutive pediatric patients with single ventricle physiology who received deep sedation performed by pediatric intensivists between 2013 and 2020. Results: Thirty-three sedations were performed on 27 unique patients. The median age was 3.7 years (25th%-75th%: 2.1-15.6). The majority of the sedations, 88% (29/33), were done on children with Fontan physiology and 12% (4/33) were status-post superior cavopulmonary anastomosis. The primary cardiac defect was hypoplastic left heart in 63% (17/27) of all sedation procedures. There were 24 chest tube placements and 9 cardioversions. Ketamine alone [median dose 1.5 mg/kg (range 0.8-3.7)], ketamine [median dose 1 mg/kg (range 0.1-2.1)] with propofol [median dose 2.3 mg/kg (range 0.7-3.8)], and ketamine [median dose 1.5 mg/kg (range 0.4-3.0)] with morphine [median dose 0.06 mg/kg (range 0.03-0.20)] were the most common sedation regimens used. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 4 patients (15%), three of which were transient AEs. All sedation encounters were successfully completed. Conclusion: Procedural deep sedation can be safely and effectively administered to single ventricle patients by intensivist-led sedation teams in selective case.
The Association of Season of Surgery and Patient Reported Outcomes following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Lachance Andrew D. , Call Catherine , Radford Zachary , Stoddard Henry , Sturgeon Callahan , Babikian George , Rana Adam , McGrory Brian J.
Published: January 2024

Background

Understanding the impact of situational variables on surgical recovery can improve outcomes in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Literature examining hospital outcomes by season remains inconclusive, with limited focus on patient experience. The aim of this study is to investigate if there are differences in hospital and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMS) after THA depending on the season of the index procedure to improve surgeon preoperative counseling.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing primary THA at a single large academic center between January 2013 and August 2020. Demographic, operative, hospital, and PROMs were gathered from the institutional electronic medical record and our institutional joint replacement outcomes database.

Results

6418 patients underwent primary THA and met inclusion criteria. Of this patient population, 1636 underwent surgery in winter, 1543 in spring, 1811 in summer, and 1428 in fall. PROMs were equivalent across seasons at nearly time points. The average age of patients was 65 (+/- 10) years, with an average BMI of 29.3 (+/- 6). Rates of complications including ED visits within 30 days, readmission within 90 days, unplanned readmission, dislocation, fracture, or wound infection were not significantly different by season ( P > .05).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate no differences in complications and PROMs at 1 year in patients undergoing THA during 4 distinct seasons. Notably, patients had functional differences at the second follow-up visit, suggesting variation in short-term recovery. Patients could be counseled that they have similar rates of complications and postoperative recovery regardless of season.
Heflikite, ideally Ca2(Al2Sc)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), the first scandium epidote-supergroup mineral from Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia, Poland and from Heftetjern, Tørdal, Norway
Authors: Pieczka Adam , Kristiansen Roy , Stachowicz Marcin , Dumańska-Słowik Magdalena , Gołębiowska Bożena , Sęk Mateusz P. , Nejbert Krzysztof , Kotowski Jakub , Marciniak-Maliszewska Beata , Szuszkiewicz Adam , Szełęg Eligiusz , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: January 2024

Heflikite, the first Sc-dominant epidote-supergroup mineral, was discovered in two occurrences. The holotype was found in a granitic pegmatite associated with rodingite-like calc-silicate rocks and metasomatised granitic bodies exposed in a serpentinite quarry at Jordanów Śląski near Sobótka, Lower Silesia, SW Poland. The cotype comes from the Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal region, Norway. The holotype is composed of (in wt.%): 35.69 SiO2, 0.22 TiO2, 21.98 Al2O3, 6.12 Sc2O3, 0.07 V2O3, 1.10 Fe2O3, 0.11 Y2O3, 1.55 La2O3, 4.05 Ce2O3, 0.31 Pr2O3, 1.53 Nd2O3, 0.40 Sm2O3, 0.11 EuO, 0.56 Gd2O3, 0.14 MnO, 3.56 FeO, 0.16 MgO, 19.16 CaO and 1.78 H2O(+)calc.; total 98.60. The cotype contains: 34.92 SiO2, 0.44 TiO2, 0.82 SnO2, 19.13 Al2O3, 4.79 Sc2O3, 1.96 Fe2O3, 2.55 La2O3, 7.39 Ce2O3, 0.48 Pr2O3, 0.67 Nd2O3, 0.12 EuO, 0.61 Gd2O3, 0.13 MnO, 5.97 FeO, 17.66 CaO and 1.73 H2O(+)calc.; total 99.37. The compositions correspond to the following empirical formulae: (Ca1.729Ce0.125La0.048Nd0.046Gd0.016Sm0.012Pr0.010Y0.005Eu2+0.003)Σ1.994[(Al2.182Sc0.449Fe3+0.070V3+0.005)Σ2.706(Fe2+0.251Mg0.020Mn0.010)Σ0.281Ti0.014]Σ3.001(Si3.006O11)O(OH) and (Ca1.644Ce0.235La0.082Nd0.021Gd0.018Pr0.015Eu2+0.004)Σ1.019[(Al1.958Sc0.362Fe3+0.128)Σ2.448(Fe2+0.434Mn0.009)Σ0.443(Ti0.029Sn0.029)Σ0.058]Σ2.949(Si3.033O11)O(OH), respectively, and to the ideal formula Ca2(Al2Sc)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH). The crystal structure of the holotype was refined in the monoclinic system with an R1 index of 8.62%. The crystal-structure refinement indicates exclusively Si occupied T sites, Al occupied M1 and M2 sites, and a Ca occupied A1 site. The M3 site is filled predominantly by trivalent cations, mainly Sc3+, with divalent cations (mainly Fe2+) as minor occupants. The A2 site is filled mostly by Ca with minor amounts of rare earth elements (REE). The holotype heflikite crystallised from metasomatic fluids that infiltrated a contact between the granitic pegmatite and the surrounding rodingite-type calc-silicate rocks and serpentinites. The fluids that introduced Sc into the pegmatite could have been either hydrothermal or related to low-grade regional metamorphism that postdated the formation of the pegmatite. The cotype heflikite formed during the late-stage hydrothermal crystallisation of the Sc-enriched granitic pegmatite.
Mass spectrometry-detected MGUS is associated with obesity and other novel modifiable risk factors in a high-risk population
Authors: Lee David J. , El-Khoury Habib , Tramontano Angela C. , Alberge Jean-Baptiste , Perry Jacqueline , Davis Maya I. , Horowitz Erica , Redd Robert , Sakrikar Dhananjay , Barnidge David , Perkins Mark C. , Harding Stephen , Mucci Lorelei , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Ghobrial Irene M. , Marinac Catherine R.
Published: January 2024

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant condition of multiple myeloma with few known risk factors. The emergence of mass spectrometry (MS) for the detection of MGUS has provided new opportunities to evaluate its risk factors. In total, 2628 individuals at elevated risk for multiple myeloma were enrolled in a screening study and completed an exposure survey (PROMISE trial). Participant samples were screened by MS, and monoclonal proteins (M-proteins) with concentrations of ≥0.2 g/L were categorized as MS-MGUS. Multivariable logistic models evaluated associations between exposures and MS outcomes. Compared with normal weight (body mass index [BMI] of 18.5 to <25 kg/m2), obesity (BMI of ≥30 kg/m2) was associated with MS-MGUS, adjusting for age, sex, Black race, education, and income (odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-2.47; P = .003). High physical activity (≥73.5 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours per week vs <10.5 MET-hours per week) had a decreased likelihood of MS-MGUS (OR, 0.45, 95% CI, 0.24-0.80; P = .009), whereas heavy smoking and short sleep had increased likelihood of MS-MGUS (>30 pack-years vs never smoker: OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.24-3.74; P = .005, and sleep <6 vs ≥6 hours per day: OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.26-3.42; P = .003). In the analysis of all MS-detected monoclonal gammopathies, which are inclusive of M-proteins with concentrations of <0.2 g/L, elevated BMI and smoking were associated with all MS-positive cases. Findings suggest MS-detected monoclonal gammopathies are associated with a broader range of modifiable risk factors than what has been previously identified. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03689595.
Lysine demethylase 5C inhibits transcription of prefoldin subunit 5 to activate c-Myc signal transduction and colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Yu Fulong , Li Liang , Gu Yimei , Wang Song , Zhou Lianbang , Cheng Xiaohu , Jiang Heng , Huang Yang , Zhang Yingfeng , Qian Wenbao , Li Xianghua , Liu Zhining
Published: January 2024

Background

Lysine demethylase 5C (KDM5C) has been implicated in the development of several human cancers. This study aims to investigate the role of KDM5C in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and explore the associated molecular mechanism.

Methods

Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict the target genes of KDM5C in CRC. The expression levels of KDM5C and prefoldin subunit 5 (PFDN5) in CRC cells were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. The interaction between KDM5C, H3K4me3, and PFDN5 was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Expression and prognostic values of KDM5C and PFDN5 in CRC were analyzed in a cohort of 72 patients. The function of KDM5C/PFDN5 in c-Myc signal transduction was analyzed by luciferase assay. Silencing of KDM5C and PFDN5 was induced in CRC cell lines to analyze the cell malignant phenotype in vitro and tumorigenic activity in nude mice.

Results

KDM5C exhibited high expression, while PFDN5 displayed low expression in CRC cells and clinical CRC samples. High KDM5C levels correlated with poor survival and unfavorable clinical presentation, whereas elevated PFDN5 correlated with improved patient outcomes. KDM5C mediated demethylation of H3K4me3 on the PFDN5 promoter, suppressing its transcription and thereby enhancing the transcriptional activity of c-Myc. KDM5C knockdown in CRC cells suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and tumorigenic activity while increasing autophagy and apoptosis rates. However, the malignant behavior of cells was restored by the further silencing of PFDN5.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that KDM5C inhibits PFDN5 transcription, thereby activating c-Myc signal transduction and promoting CRC progression.
PASTRY: achieving balanced power for detecting risk and protective minor alleles in meta-analysis of association studies with overlapping subjects
Authors: Kim Emma E. , Jang Chloe Soohyun , Kim Hakin , Han Buhm
Published: January 2024

Background

Meta-analysis is a statistical method that combines the results of multiple studies to increase statistical power. When multiple studies participating in a meta-analysis utilize the same public dataset as controls, the summary statistics from these studies become correlated. To solve this challenge, Lin and Sullivan proposed a method to provide an optimal test statistic adjusted for the correlation. This method quickly became the standard practice. However, we identified an unexpected power asymmetry phenomenon in this standard framework. This can lead to unbalanced power for detecting protective minor alleles and risk minor alleles.

Results

We found that the power asymmetry of the current framework is mainly due to the errors in approximating the correlation term. We then developed a meta-analysis method based on an accurate correlation estimator, called PASTRY (A method to avoid Power ASymmeTRY). PASTRY outperformed the standard method on both simulated and real datasets in terms of the power symmetry.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that PASTRY can help to alleviate the power asymmetry problem. PASTRY is available at https://github.com/hanlab-SNU/PASTRY.
The level of partial pressure of carbon dioxide affects respiratory effort in COVID-19 patients undergoing pressure support ventilation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Zhou Yuankai , Wang Xinchen , Du Wei , He Huaiwu , Wang Xiaoting , Cui Na , Long Yun
Published: January 2024

Background

Patients with COVID-19 undergoing pressure support ventilation (PSV) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) commonly had high respiratory drive, which could cause self-inflicted lung injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2) on respiratory effort in COVID-19 patients undergoing PSV with ECMO.

Methods

ECMO gas flow was downregulated from baseline (respiratory rate < 25 bpm, peak airway pressure < 25 cm H2O, tidal volume < 6 mL/kg, PaCO2 < 40 mmHg) until PaCO2 increased by 5 − 10 mmHg. The pressure muscle index (PMI) and airway pressure swing during occlusion (ΔPOCC) were used to monitor respiratory effort, and they were measured before and after enforcement of the regulations.

Results

Ten patients with COVID-19 who had undergone ECMO were enrolled in this prospective study. When the PaCO2 increased from 36 (36 − 37) to 42 (41–43) mmHg (p = 0.0020), there was a significant increase in ΔPOCC [from 5.6 (4.7–8.0) to 11.1 (8.5–13.1) cm H2O, p = 0.0020] and PMI [from 3.0 ± 1.4 to 6.5 ± 2.1 cm H2O, p < 0.0001]. Meanwhile, increased inspiratory effort determined by elevated PaCO2 levels led to enhancement of tidal volume from 4.1 ± 1.2 mL/kg to 5.3 ± 1.5 mL/kg (p = 0.0003) and respiratory rate from 13 ± 2 to 15 ± 2 bpm (p = 0.0266). In addition, the increase in PaCO2 was linearly correlated with changes in ΔPOCC and PMI (R2 = 0.7293, p = 0.0003 and R2 = 0.4105, p = 0.0460, respectively).

Conclusions

In patients with COVID-19 undergoing PSV with ECMO, an increase of PaCO2 could increase the inspiratory effort.
Quality of life and nutritional status in peritoneal dialysis patients: a cross-sectional study from Palestine
Authors: Ali Iyad , Haddad Dania , Soliman Mostafa A. , Al-Sabi Ahmed , Jebreen Kamel , Abuzahra Dana , Shrara Bakrieh , Ghanayem Diana , Natour Nihal , Hassan Mohanad , Alsedfy M. Yasser , Shellah Duha , Nawajah Inad
Published: January 2024

Background

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a growing cause of morbidity worldwide. Protein malnutrition is common among patients with ESRD. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers greater lifestyle flexibility and independence compared to the widely used treatments for ESRD. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and the quality of life (QOL) of Palestinian patients undergoing PD, as well as the variables affecting these two outcomes.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients receiving PD at An-Najah National University Hospital, Palestine. The malnutrition-inflammation scale (MIS) was used to measure malnutrition, and the QOL score was evaluated using the Dutch WHOQOL-OLD module. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were performed to check the association between the QOL and MIS scores.

Results

The study included 74 patients who were undergoing PD, with an average age of 50.5 ± 16.38. The majority of the patients were females. The study found a significant correlation between malnutrition and lower quality of life (QOL) scores, as measured by the WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire (p < 0.001). Furthermore, younger patients and those who had an occupation were more likely to report a good QOL (p = 0.01). Conversely, patients with pitting edema and diabetes were at higher risk of reporting a lower QOL (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Given the elevated risk of malnutrition and diminished QOL among elderly patients, those with pitting edema, and individuals with diabetes, it is imperative to conduct thorough assessments for these groups. We strongly recommend that general practitioners, dietitians, and specialists collaborate to develop tailored programs and interventions to provide these patients with the focused care and attention they require.
Continuous versus intermittent bolus infusion of calcium in preterm infants receiving total parenteral nutrition: a randomized blind clinical trial
Authors: Shiva Siamak , Rezazadeh Khatereh , Amiraslanzadeh Asmar , Mehramuz Bahareh , Yeganehdoost Sadollah , Mahallei Majid
Published: January 2024

Background

Premature neonates need adequate nutritional support to provide sufficient essential nutrients for optimal growth. Calcium (Ca) is one of the important nutrients in parental nutrition support of premature infants. This study aimed to compare the effect of continuous and intermittent bolus infusion of Ca on the incidence of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in preterm infants.

Methods

This randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted on ninety preterm infants in the NICU of Al-Zahra Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. The preterm infants were randomly allocated to either a continuous infusion group (received 4–5 ml/kg/day of Ca gluconate 10% by PN solution in a 24-h period) or an intermittent bolus administration group (received 1–2 ml/kg/day Ca gluconate 10% three to four times per day). Serial serum levels of Ca, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed on the 7th day, 30th day and 45th day of life.

Results

A total of 78 infants completed the study. The serum ALP level on the 45th day after birth was 753.28 ± 304.59 IU/L and 988.2 ± 341.3 IU/L in the continuous infusion and intermittent bolus administration groups, respectively (P < 0.05). MBD in preterm infants with ALP levels above 900 IU/L on the 45th day of life was significantly lower in the continuous infusion group than in the intermittent bolus administration group (p < 0.05). The mean serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D and PTH in 45-day-old infants were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

The MBD in preterm infants who received continuous infusion of Ca was lower than that in preterm infants who received intermittent bolus administration of Ca.

Trial registration

The Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the identification No. IRCT20210913052466N1.
Barriers and facilitators to fulfilling the teaching assistant role from nursing students’ perspective: a qualitative study
Authors: Pashaeypoor Shahzad , Majdabadi Zahra Amrollah , Khanipour-Kencha Ali , Nikpeyma Nasrin
Published: January 2024

Background

Employing postgraduate students as Teaching Assistants (TA) has become a common practice in many higher education institutions and is part of a growing international trend for professional practice.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the barriers and facilitators to fulfilling the teaching assistant role from nursing students’ perspective.

Methodology

This qualitative-descriptive study was conducted in 2022 on teaching assistants in the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 13 teaching assistants were selected by targeted sampling method with maximum variation. The inclusion criteria were 2nd-semester postgraduate nursing students and above, having experience as a teaching assistant, and willing to participate in the research. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews for 45 to 60 min until saturation was reached. Data analysis was done manually and using the framework analysis method with steps: Familiarization, Identifying a thematic framework, indexing, Charting, data synthesis, mapping, and interpretation. The trustworthiness of the study data was determined with the Lincoln and Guba criteria.

Results

Barriers to fulfilling the TAs’ role were divided into three main categories with nine subcategories: (1) Not accepting the teaching assistant as a clinical instructor (2) not being prepared to accept the TA role, and (3) improper planning of the TA plan. Facilitators are divided into two main categories with five subcategories: (1) internal motivation, and (2) empowering TAs.

Conclusion

To facilitate management processes in the field of education and to achieve educational goals, including improving the quality of education and better learning, planning and compiling instructions to create written job descriptions for teacher assistants should be done, also, with careful planning, steps should be taken to scientifically employ capable teacher assistants as young and motivated forces in education processes.