bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Cancer Evaluation of Novel Water-Soluble Copper(I) Complexes Bearing Terpyridine and PTA Ligands
Authors: Smoleński Piotr , Śliwińska-Hill Urszula , Kwiecień Anna , Wolińska Joanna , Poradowski Dominik
Published: February 2024

This study presents a simple and energy-efficient self-assembly LAG synthetic method for novel water-soluble copper(I) complexes [Cu(terpy)(PTA)][PF6] (1) and [Cu(terpy)(PTA)2][PF6] (2). They were characterized by FT-IR, 1H, and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal/powder X-ray diffraction (for 2). The X-ray analysis of compound 2 indicates a bidentate coordination mode of terpyridine to the metal center. Variable-temperature NMR tests indicate dynamic properties for terpyridine in the case of both compounds, as well as for the PTA ligands in the case of 2. Additionally, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit interesting cytotoxic activity, which was tested on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs), human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) established cell lines. In comparison to the other tested compounds, complexes 1 and 2 seem to have significantly lower IC50 values against cancer cells (A549, HeLa, MCF-7), indicating their potential as prospective anticancer agents. Moreover, both compounds show no significant toxicity towards normal skin cells (NHDFs), suggesting a certain selectivity in their action on cancer cells. Cisplatin as a reference compound also exhibited considerable cytotoxicity against cancer cells but with a low level of selectivity, which could lead to unwanted effects on normal cells. Remarkably, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit up to 30 times the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin, with a six-fold lower toxicity to normal cells. They also interact strongly with human serum albumin, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. Overall, these compounds hold significant promise as potential chemotherapeutic agents.
Molecular Design of Sexiphenyl-Based Liquid Crystals: Towards Temperature-Stable, Nematic Phases with Enhanced Optical Properties
Authors: Herman Jakub , Harmata Piotr , Rychłowicz Natan , Kula Przemysław
Published: February 2024

This research introduces a novel liquid crystal molecular design approach based on the para-sexiphenyl (6P) structure. Six new liquid crystalline materials were synthesized, incorporating an alkyl terminal and lateral substitutions of the sexiphenyl core to achieve temperature-stable and broad nematic phases. The synthetic pathway involved cross-coupling, resulting in derivatives with strong nematogenic characteristics. Optical investigations demonstrated that the tested material had high birefringence values, making it promising for optical and electronic applications. These results open up new avenues of research and offer potential practical applications in electronics, photonics, optoelectronics and beyond.
Chemical Composition of Piper nigrum L. Cultivar Guajarina Essential Oils and Their Biological Activity
Authors: Feitosa Bruna de Souza , Ferreira Oberdan Oliveira , Franco Celeste de Jesus Pereira , Karakoti Himani , Kumar Ravendra , Cascaes Marcia Moraes , Jawarkar Rahul D. , Mali Suraj N. , Cruz Jorddy Neves , de Menezes Ilmarina Campos , de Oliveira Mozaniel Santana , de Aguiar Andrade Eloisa Helena
Published: February 2024

The essential oils and aroma derived from the leaves (L), stems (St), and spikes (s) of Piper nigrum L. cv. Guajarina were extracted; the essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation (HD), and steam distillation (SD), and the aroma was obtained by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE). Chemical constituents were identified and quantified using GC/MS and GC-FID. Preliminary biological activity was assessed by determining the toxicity against Artemia salina Leach larvae, calculating mortality rates, and determining lethal concentration values (LC50). The predominant compounds in essential oil samples included α-pinene (0–5.6%), β-pinene (0–22.7%), limonene (0–19.3%), 35 linalool (0–5.3%), δ-elemene (0–10.1%), β-caryophyllene (0.5–21.9%), γ-elemene (7.5–33.9%), and curzerene (6.9–31.7%). Multivariate analysis, employing principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), revealed three groups among the identified classes and two groups among individual compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was found for essential oils derived from the leaves (167.9 41 mg TE mL−1). Larvicidal potential against A. salina was observed in essential oils obtained from the leaves (LC50 6.40 μg mL−1) and spikes (LC50 6.44 μg mL−1). The in silico studies demonstrated that the main compounds can interact with acetylcholinesterase, thus showing the potential molecular interaction responsible for the toxicity of the essential oil in A. salina.
Utilizing Extracellular Vesicles for Eliminating ‘Unwanted Molecules’: Harnessing Nature’s Structures in Modern Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Kisielewska Monika , Rakoczy Katarzyna , Skowron Izabela , Górczyńska Julia , Kacer Julia , Bocheńska Agata , Choromańska Anna
Published: February 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small phospholipid bilayer-bond structures released by diverse cell types into the extracellular environment, maintaining homeostasis of the cell by balancing cellular stress. This article provides a comprehensive overview of extracellular vesicles, their heterogeneity, and diversified roles in cellular processes, emphasizing their importance in the elimination of unwanted molecules. They play a role in regulating oxidative stress, particularly by discarding oxidized toxic molecules. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress induces the release of EVs, contributing to distinct results, including autophagy or ER stress transmission to following cells. ER stress-induced autophagy is a part of unfolded protein response (UPR) and protects cells from ER stress-related apoptosis. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) also play a role in maintaining homeostasis, as they carry damaged mitochondrial components, thereby preventing inflammation. Moreover, EVs partake in regulating aging-related processes, and therefore they can potentially play a crucial role in anti-aging therapies, including the treatment of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease or cardiovascular conditions. Overall, the purpose of this article is to provide a better understanding of EVs as significant mediators in both physiological and pathological processes, and to shed light on their potential for therapeutic interventions targeting EV-mediated pathways in various pathological conditions, with an emphasis on age-related diseases.
Uncovering the Unusual Long Chains of Vegetative Cells within Single Colonies of the Dryland Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliforme
Authors: Gao Xiang , Liu Chang , Liang Wensheng
Published: February 2024

Heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria that colonize the drylands contribute to carbon and nitrogen supplies in nutrient-poor soils. As one of the representative cyanobacteria, Nostoc flagelliforme adapts well to the arid environment in the form of filamentous colonies (or filaments). To date, the adaptive changes, either genetic or micromorphological, that occur within single colonies of dryland cyanobacteria remain largely unclear. In this study, unusual long chains or trichomes of vegetative cells (not containing heterocysts) were observed within N. flagelliforme filaments. And the overall heterocyst frequency in the trichomes was counted to be 1.3–2.7%, different from the usually observed 5–10% heterocyst frequency in model Nostoc strains when grown in nitrogen-deprived medium. Thus, these phenomena seem contradictory to our usual recognition of Nostoc strains. Related transcriptional and heterocyst frequency analyses suggested no genetically significant alteration in heterocyst formation and nitrogen fixation in this strain. Also, the amounts of nitrogen sources in the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix released by N. flagelliforme cells that may cause the low heterocyst frequency were assessed to be equivalent to 0.28–1.10 mM NaNO3. When combining these findings with the habitat characters, it can be envisaged that the released nitrogen sources from cells are confined, accumulated, and re-utilized in the EPS matrix, thereby leading to the formation of reduced heterocyst frequency and long-chained vegetative cells. This study will contribute to our understanding of the distinctive adaptation properties of colonial cyanobacteria in dryland areas.
The Acute Effects of a Commercially Available Caffeinated and Caffeine-Free Thermogenic Dietary Supplement on Resting Energy Expenditure, Hunger, and Hemodynamic Responses
Authors: Lafontant Kworweinski , Broeckel Jacob , Phillips Kara , Alsayed Yasamian , Ayers-Creech Wayne A. , Ohigashi Yuto , Solis John , Bale Cassidy , Parks Arielle , Dankel Scott , Campbell Bill I.
Published: February 2024

There has been a rise in popularity of “stimulant-free” or caffeine-free fat loss supplements, but it is not well understood whether those fat loss supplements are effective at enhancing thermogenesis without caffeine’s influence. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a caffeinated and non-caffeinated commercially available fat loss supplement on resting energy expenditure (REE), hunger, and hemodynamic variables in healthy adults. Twenty-five healthy male and female participants completed three separate laboratory visits after overnight fasts. Baseline assessments of REE, subjective hunger, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were followed by ingestion of a caffeinated (Phoenix, Legion®; CAF), non-caffeinated (Phoenix Caffeine-Free, Legion®; NCAF), or placebo (PL) fat loss supplement. REE, hunger, HR, and BP assessments were repeated at 60-, 120-, and 180-min post-ingestion. CAF, but not NCAF, significantly elevated REE greater than PL at all time points (p < 0.05). NCAF significantly reduced hunger compared to CAF and PL at the 120-min time point (p = 0.006). CAF significantly increased diastolic BP 60-min post-ingestion and significantly increased systolic BP 120- and 180-min post-ingestion compared to NCAF and PL. Further research is warranted with respect to investigating non-caffeinated ingredients and their effects on REE.
Crises in Antimicrobial Stewardship: Misuse of Clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori Therapy
Authors: Graham David Y.
Published: February 2024

Helicobacter pylori is a class I carcinogen that infects more than 100 million individuals in the United States. Antimicrobial therapy for H. pylori has typically been prescribed empirically rather than based on susceptibility testing. Until recently, therapeutic recommendations have generally ignored the principles of antibiotic stewardship. A combination of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), amoxicillin, and clarithromycin (triple therapy) remains popular despite increasing clarithromycin resistance and poor cure rates. Concomitant therapy (a PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole) is recommended and widely used despite all patients receiving at least one unneeded antibiotic. In 2020, the Food and Drug Administration approved vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin triple therapy, which administers unneeded clarithromycin to >90% of patients (i.e., ~6 tons of unneeded clarithromycin/million treatments). In the late 1980s, the infectious disease community functionally transferred responsibility for the management of H. pylori to gastroenterology, which has managed the infection as another common gastrointestinal disease such as constipation. In 2022, both traditional and noninvasive molecular-based susceptibility testing for H. pylori became available in the United States. In order to reduce and prevent antibiotic misuse, the infectious disease community should reclaim responsibility for the management of this important infectious disease.
Optimal Photovoltaic Array Configuration under Non-Uniform Laser Beam Conditions for Laser Wireless Power Transmission
Authors: Mou Zhiqiang , Zhao Bangbo , Zhu Lihong , Wang Jun , Deng Guoliang , Yang Huomu , Gou Yudan
Published: February 2024

In a long-distance wireless power transmission system with a non-uniform distribution of laser irradiation, it will significantly reduce the output power of the photovoltaic array, resulting in a large amount of power loss in the system and a decrease in conversion efficiency. This paper proposes an efficient and reliable optimal circuit connection algorithm for the 5 × 5 scale photovoltaic array. Under the laser illumination of 300 W, a 20 m wireless power transmission experiment was performed on four 5 × 5 scale photovoltaic arrays. The results show a 56.49% increase in the maximum output power of the 5 × 5 scale photovoltaic array.
Towards Precision Muonic X-ray Measurements of Charge Radii of Light Nuclei
Authors: Ohayon Ben , Abeln Andreas , Bara Silvia , Cocolios Thomas Elias , Eizenberg Ofir , Fleischmann Andreas , Gastaldo Loredana , Godinho César , Heines Michael , Hengstler Daniel , Hupin Guillaume , Indelicato Paul , Kirch Klaus , Knecht Andreas , Kreuzberger Daniel , Machado Jorge , Navratil Petr , Paul Nancy , Pohl Randolf , Unger Daniel , Vogiatzi Stergiani Marina , Schoeler Katharina von , Wauters Frederik
Published: February 2024

We, the QUARTET Collaboration, propose an experiment to measure the nuclear charge radii of light elements with up to 20 times higher accuracy. These are essential both for understanding nuclear physics at low energies, and for experimental and theoretical applications in simple atomic systems. Such comparisons advance the understanding of bound-state quantum electrodynamics and are useful for searching for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The energy levels of muonic atoms are highly susceptible to nuclear structure, especially to the mean square charge radius. The radii of the lightest nuclei (with the atomic number, Z=1,2) have been determined with high accuracy using laser spectroscopy in muonic atoms, while those of medium mass and above were determined using X-ray spectroscopy with semiconductor detectors. In this communication, we present a new experiment, aiming to obtain precision measurements of the radii of light nuclei 3≤Z≤10 using single-photon energy measurements with cryogenic microcalorimeters; a quantum-sensing technology capable of high efficiency with outstanding resolution for low-energy X-rays.
Mass and Magnetic Moment of the Electron and the Stability of QED—A Critical Review
Authors: Bordag Michael , Pirozhenko Irina G.
Published: February 2024

The anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, first calculated by Schwinger, lowers the ground state energy of the electron in a weak magnetic field. It is a function of the field and changes signs for large fields, ensuring the stability of the ground state. This has been shown in the past 50 years in numerous papers. The corresponding corrections to the mass of the electron have also been investigated in strong fields using semiclassical methods. We critically review these developments and point out that the calculation for low-lying excited states raises questions. Also, we calculate the contribution from the tadpole diagram, the relevance of which was observed only quite recently.
A Physical Metric for Inertial Confinement Fusion Capsules
Authors: Cheng Baolian , Bradley Paul A.
Published: February 2024

The performance of fusion capsules on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is strongly affected by the physical properties of the hot deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel, such as the mass, areal density, and pressure of the hot spot at the stagnation time. All of these critical quantities depend on one measured quantity, which is the ratio of the specific peak implosion energy to the specific internal energy of the hot spot. This unique physical quantity not only can measure the incremental progress of the inertial confinement fusion capsules towards ignition but also measures the conversion of the peak implosion kinetic energy of the pusher shell into the internal energy of the hot fuel in a capsule. Analysis of existing NIF shots to date are performed. The ratio metric is compared quantitatively with the ignition criterion. Results provide new perspectives on the NIF experiments by which the performance of the burning plasma can be determined and controlled through the fine tune of the implosion parameters, which improves future designs and predictions of the ignition capsules.
Bone Health in Mood Disorders: A Narrative Review about Clinical and Biological Connections
Authors: De Novellis Antonella Maria Pia , Ferrazzi Giulia , Galeazzi Gian Maria , Marchi Mattia , Meloni Matteo , Pingani Luca , Ferrari Silvia
Published: February 2024

Evidence about bone health in people affected by psychiatric disorders is limited. This narrative review aims to highlight what is known, up to the present time, about clinical connections between bone health and psychiatric disorders, particularly depressive disorders (DD) and bipolar disorders (BD), in terms of common biological pathways. Besides inflammation, we focused on two molecules of growing interest: neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the neuro-hormone melatonin. Also, the role of psychoactive drugs on bone tissue was explored. For the preparation of this narrative review, the scientific literature of the most recent 7 years from PubMed, Springer Nature, Science Direct (Elsevier), Wiley Online, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases was analyzed. Reviewed evidence reveals that people diagnosed with BD or DD have an increased risk of both fractures and osteoporosis; NPY reduces bone loss induced by longer periods of depression and “buffers” psychological stress effects on bone health. MLT shows beneficial effects in osteoporosis and bone healing. Lithium, a mood stabilizer, shows potential bone-protective activity, while antipsychotic and antidepressant treatments may increase the risk of bone tissue damage, though further investigation is needed.
The Occurrence of Suids in the Post-Olduvai to Pre-Jaramillo Pleistocene of Europe and Implications for Late Villafranchian Biochronology and Faunal Dynamics
Authors: Iannucci Alessio
Published: February 2024

It has been proposed that suids were absent from Europe during the post-Olduvai to pre-Jaramillo Early Pleistocene (from less than 1.8 to more than 1.2 Ma) and that their “re-appearance” in the late Early Pleistocene would mark the end of the late Villafranchian and the beginning of the Epivillafranchian. Arguments enumerated in favor of this “suid gap” are the lack of suid remains from extensively sampled fossil localities of this age and the high reproductive potential (r-strategy) of suids, which would translate in a high commonness of their remains in the fossil record. However, here it shown that while suids’ reproductive potential is certainly exceptional within artiodactyls, there is no direct relationship between the reproductive strategy and preservation rate of a taxon in the fossil record. In Early Pleistocene localities of Europe and adjoining areas, where suids are present in a fossil assemblage, they are always rare. In terms of number of occurrences (frequency), suids range from being moderately common (~2.0–1.8 Ma) to moderately rare (~1.1–1.0 Ma). Suid material is also described herein from Peyrolles (Issoire, France; reference locality for MNQ 19), a site dated at 1.47 Ma, providing direct evidence for the presence of suids within the purported “suid gap”. The case of suids underlines an important source of caveat in inferring faunal dynamics of the late Early Pleistocene of western Europe—including the dispersal of hominins—i.e., the unequal geographical distribution of the paleontological sites of post-Olduvai to pre-Jaramillo age. Indeed, Peyrolles is the only large mammal site in western Europe located outside the Iberian and Italian Peninsulas reliably dated around 1.5 Ma. In the post-Olduvai to pre-Jaramillo period, there is a paucity of radiometric estimates (or they have too coarse a resolution) and of paleomagnetic excursions detectable in continental deposits. Basically, for this time span, there is a high dependence on biochronological correlations, although, at the same time, these correlations are less reliable—because these are based on a few sites not covering the entire spectrum of environments present in Europe and the sites are not independently dated with methods that outperform biochronology—than those for other periods.
The Material Heritage of “The Wild Boars Cave Rescue”—A Case-Study of Emotions and Sacralisation in Present-Day Thailand
Authors: Stengs Irene
Published: February 2024

This article addresses the making of heritage and the processes of sacralisation involved by investigating the heritage created after the rescue of the “Wild Boars”, a Thai youth football team, from a flooded cave in July 2018. The unfolding story of this “epic rescue operation” was followed with tremendous engagement, locally, nationally and worldwide, an example of what I capture as “high-density events”. Cave diver specialists and rescue equipment were flown in. Thousands of volunteers, mainly from Thailand but also from abroad, assisted. In Thailand, schools participated massively in nationwide Buddhist prayer sessions. Renowned holy monk Khruba Bunchum Yansangwaro directed his prayers to the boys and predicted they would be found alive. The massive involvement with the 18-days rescue operation generated a multiplicity of memes, photographs, books, documentaries, paintings, and statues. As religious and national heritage, this material lives on in various forms and exhibitions, including the cave, which was declared to become a “living museum” immediately upon the completion of the rescue. The analysis concerns three interrelated issues: First, I focus on the “instantaneous heritagization” of the event, asking: how to understand the processes that transform people, objects, and places into heritage overnight? Second, I bring in the role of emotions and moral imagination to shed light on the secular and religious sacralities produced and reproduced in the making of heritage. Third, I am interested in the impact of the heritage on the cave and its vicinity, bringing in issues of ownership and power over the event’s legacy.
Enhancing Food Grains Storage Systems through Insect Pest Detection and Control Measures for Maize and Beans: Ensuring Food Security Post-COVID-19 Tanzania
Authors: Chidege Maneno Y. , Venkataramana Pavithravani B. , Ndakidemi Patrick A.
Published: February 2024

COVID-19 poses a significant threat to the present and future of mankind. The emergence of diverse strains during the pandemic creates uncertainty regarding their disappearance or resurgence. Lockdown measures and travel restrictions impact national and household food systems, hindering the movement of people and goods. Effective COVID-19 control requires science-based preventive measures and consideration of food availability. In Tanzania, resource-constrained farmers rely on the self-storage of food crops. Precise pest control information and tailored detection/storage systems are essential for preserving major staple foods such as maize and beans, which face frequent infestation by beetles and moths. Traditional methods used before the pandemic are insufficient compared to advanced global alternatives. This paper reviewed about 175 publications from different databases, dated from 1984 to 2023 (2023 to 2014 = 134, 2013 to 2004 = 26 and 2003 to 1984 = 15), assessing storage management for maize and beans. Identifying gaps between Tanzania and global advancements aiming to empower farming communities with the latest technologies and ensuring food security amid the pandemic.
A Lesson for Sustainable Health Policy from the Past with Implications for the Future
Authors: Svensson Göran , Rodriguez Rocio , Padin Carmen
Published: February 2024

Evidently, there are lessons to be learned on sustainable health policies from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The past is a source of knowledge and experiences for the implementation and application of sustainable health policies in the future. This study has revealed doubts about the use of 7- and 14-days incidences, which have been applied as assessment approaches to the sustainable health policies used to control and monitor the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic across societies. Seven- and fourteen-day incidences have been used to determine measures and counter-measures against SARS-CoV-2 rather than infection rates. The research objective of this study was to assess the predictive abilities of infection rates versus 7- and 14-day incidences on SARS-CoV-2-related mortality and morbidity. The objective was also to assess the structural properties of a set of SARS-CoV-2-related variables. This study addressed the question of whether there is a lesson learned in terms of sustainable health policies on the use of 7- and 14-day incidences versus infection rates to predict SARS-CoV-2-related mortality and morbidity in a given context. We contend that there is at least one lesson to be learned on sustainable health policies from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The infection rate was categorized as the independent manifest variable, as it is the one which is hypothesized to cause an effect on the outcome of the others in society regarding mortality and morbidity. Consequently, hospitalized patients, ICU patients and the deceased were categorized as dependent manifest variables. We tested the research model using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) based on the first year of pandemic data before vaccines were used. This study indicates that the infection rates provided an enhanced predictability for SARS-CoV-2-related mortality and morbidity compared to 7- and 14-day incidences. The findings reported based on CB-SEM suggested that this has been a suitable way to assess the direct, indirect and mediating effects between a selection of SARS-CoV-2-related variables. We propose that our assessment approach to SARS-CoV-2 can be used as a complementary tool in decision-making on pandemic countermeasures to assess the health, social and economic costs of mortality and morbidity in a given context. We consider the finding that infection rates, rather than 7- and 14-day incidences, better predict SARS-CoV-2-related mortality and morbidity is a crucial lesson learned on sustainable health policies from the past, to be a crucial lesson for the future.
The Use of Magnetic Porous Carbon Nanocomposites for the Elimination of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater
Authors: Anjaneyulu Bendi , Rana Ravi , Versha  , Afshari Mozhgan , Carabineiro Sónia A. C.
Published: February 2024

One of the most significant challenges the world is currently facing is wastewater treatment. A substantial volume of effluents from diverse sources releases numerous pollutants into the water. Among these contaminants, organic pollutants are particularly concerning due to the associated risk of being released into the environment, garnering significant attention. Rapid advancements in agriculture and industry on a global scale generate vast volumes of hazardous organic compounds, which eventually find their way into natural systems. Recently, the release of industrial wastewater has been increasing, due to the progress of numerous businesses. This poses a danger to humans and the environment, leading to environmental contamination. The application of carbon nanocomposites in applied nanotechnology has recently expanded due to their large surface area, substantial pore volume, low preparation cost, and environmental resilience. Expanding the use of nanomaterials in water treatment is essential, as magnetic carbon nanocomposites consistently demonstrate an efficient elimination of pollutants from water solutions. In the current study, we have highlighted the application of magnetic porous carbon nanocomposites in removing organic pollutants from wastewater.
Significance and Optimization of Operating Parameters in Hydrothermal Carbonization Using RSM–CCD
Authors: Luthfi Numan , Fukushima Takashi , Wang Xiulun , Takisawa Kenji
Published: February 2024

To ascertain the significance of temperature and residence time of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in controlling hydrochar production, multiple regression was employed based on central composite design (CCD) to model the responses of mass yield (MY) and higher heating value (HHV). The hydrothermal reaction was explored at temperatures and times ranging from 150 to 250 °C and 0.5 to 3.5 h. Sorghum bagasse (SB) and microalgae (MA) were used to complex the reaction due to their differences in organic constituents. Simultaneously, the operating parameters were optimized by maximizing the response values under domain constraints in the HHV models. The results show that at least temperature and time in the linear system played a significant role in determining the solids recovery and the energy generation of hydrochars (p-values = 0.00), regardless of the biomass type. Moreover, the optimum conditions of SB and MA hydrochars can be achieved by increasing the temperature to the limit of 250 °C and prolonging the time to 3.5 and 3.25 h, respectively. Both respective conditions resulted in maximum HHVs of 27.54 and 35.83 MJ kg−1.
Falling into the Past: Geodesics in a Time Travel Metric
Authors: MacLaurin Colin , Costa Fabio , Ralph Timothy C.
Published: February 2024

We investigate timelike and null geodesics within the rotating “time machine” spacetime proposed by Ralph, T.C.; et al. Phys. Rev. D 2020, 102, 124013. This is a rotating analogue of Alcubierre’s warp drive spacetime. We obtain geodesics that begin and end in the surrounding flat space region, yet achieve time travel relative to static observers there. This is a global property, as the geodesics remain locally future-pointing, as well as timelike or null.
Symmetries and the Hilbert Space of Large N Extended States
Authors: Jevicki Antal , Liu Xianlong , Zheng Junjie
Published: February 2024

We discuss the large N expansion in backgrounds of extended states with a focus on the implementation of Goldstone symmetries and the construction of the associated Hilbert space. The formulation is given in the general framework of collective field theory. The case of translational symmetry is described first as a basic example. The large N thermofield represents the main topics, with the emergent dynamics of left–right bulk fields and collective symmetry coordinates. These give the basis for a 1/N expansion.
Collaborative Metabolism: Gut Microbes Play a Key Role in Canine and Feline Bile Acid Metabolism
Authors: Rowe John C. , Winston Jenessa A.
Published: February 2024

Bile acids, produced by the liver and secreted into the gastrointestinal tract, are dynamic molecules capable of impacting the overall health of dogs and cats in many contexts. Importantly, the gut microbiota metabolizes host primary bile acids into chemically distinct secondary bile acids. This review explores the emergence of new literature connecting microbial-derived bile acid metabolism to canine and feline health and disease. Moreover, this review highlights multi-omic methodologies for translational research as an area for continued growth in veterinary medicine aimed at accelerating microbiome science and medicine as it pertains to bile acid metabolism in dogs and cats.
Isolation, Molecular, and Histopathological Patterns of a Novel Variant of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Chicken Flocks in Egypt
Authors: Salaheldin Ahmed H. , Abd El-Hamid Hatem S. , Ellakany Hany F. , Mohamed Mostafa A. , Elbestawy Ahmed R.
Published: February 2024

After an extended period of detecting classical virulent, attenuated, and very virulent IBDV, a novel variant (nVarIBDV) was confirmed in Egypt in this study in 18, IBD vaccinated, chicken flocks aged 19–49 days. Partial sequence of viral protein 2 (VP2) [219 aa, 147–366, resembling 657 bp] of two obtained isolates (nos. 3 and 4) revealed nVarIBDV (genotype A2d) and OR682618 and OR682619 GenBank accession numbers were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both nVarIBDV isolates were closely related to nVarIBDV strains (A2d) circulating in China, exhibiting 100% identity to SD-2020 and 99.5–98.1% similarity to ZD-2018-1, QZ, GX and SG19 strains, respectively. Similarity to USA variant strains, belonging to genotypes A2b (9109), A2c (GLS) and A2a (variant E), respectively, was 95.5–92.6%. Also, the VP2 hypervariable region in those two, A2d, isolates revealed greater similarities to Faragher 52/70 (Vaxxitek®) at 90.4% and to an Indian strain (Ventri-Plus®) and V217 (Xtreme®) at 89.7% and 86–88.9% in other vaccines. Histopathological examination of both the bursa of Fabricius and spleen collected from diseased chickens in flock no. 18 revealed severe atrophy. In conclusion, further studies are required to investigate the epidemiological situation of this novel genotype across the country, and to assess various vaccine protections against nVarIBDV. Additionally, vaccination of breeders with inactivated IBD vaccines including this nVarIBDV is essential to obtain specific maternal antibodies in their broilers.
Formation of reporting information on the obligations of organizations: modern problems and new approaches
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod”, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Druzhilovskaya T. Y.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of a study of methodological approaches to disclosing information about the obligations of organizations in financial statements. Both modern problems of these approaches in current regulatory documents and prospects for solving these problems in the course of further development of Russian accounting standards are considered. The article compares the regulations for the formation of reporting information on the obligations of organizations in PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” and Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 66n dated July 2, 2010 “On the forms of accounting statements of organizations”, as well as in the Draft FSBU 4/2023 “Accounting (financial) reporting”, designed to replace the current regulatory documents on the preparation of financial statements. An analysis of the terminological space in the field of disclosure of information about obligations was carried out, the composition of indicators of obligations regulated in existing regulatory documents and in draft new standards was analyzed. The requirements for the composition of obligations in the draft FSBU 4/2023 “Accounting (financial) reporting” and the regulations regarding financial obligations in the draft FSBU “Financial Instruments” are compared. Problematic aspects of the formation of reporting information on the obligations of organizations are identified, recommendations for solving problematic aspects in the process of further improving Russian accounting standards are substantiated.
Methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of financial and economic activities of a healthcare institution
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Plekhanov Russian University of Economics”, Moscow, Russia, Plaskova N. S.
Published: February 2024

The article reveals a set of issues related to the development of methodological and information support for evaluating the effectiveness of financial and economic activities of healthcare institutions. A critical analysis of existing approaches presented in regulatory and recommendation documents of various legal status, as well as a review of publications by Russian and foreign authors showed that for use in management practice, existing developments need to be improved, adapted to the socio-economic conditions of health care institutions, whose management needs an objective assessment not only of the medical component, but also an analysis the efficiency of using the entire range of resources generated within the framework of the state task, the sources of which are funds from the federal and regional budgets, the compulsory medical insurance fund and income from the provision of paid services. The directions of developing a system of evaluation indicators of effectiveness and efficiency, improving the information base for their analysis, control and forecasting are proposed.
Key features of the national procurement regime implementation
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Economics named after G.V. Plekhanov”, Moscow, Russia, Sergeenkov A. A. , Prodanova N. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Economics named after G.V. Plekhanov”, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2024

Difficulties with the supply of certain categories of foreign goods under conditions of foreign economic restrictions necessitate the active development of domestic production. Under the current conditions, the national regime in the implementation of public procurement is a necessary driver of the development of the Russian economy. The provisions of the regulatory framework of the national regime are aimed at supporting domestic producers of the most necessary goods for the country. That is why strict compliance with all the provisions of the national regime is an important responsibility of each customer.
La science antique dans les quatre premiers livres du De Subtilitate de Jérôme Cardan
Authors: Paire Maïlis
Published: February 2024

Dans le de Subtilitate de Jérôme Cardan, scientifique renaissant italien très éclectique, les chiffres sont très présents de manière graphique, mais aussi à travers les nombreuses références précises aux Éléments d’Euclide. La mécanique figure également en bonne place. Cardan fait référence de manière précise aux différentes techniques utilisées à l’époque ainsi qu’à l’œuvre de Vitruve et sa connaissance du de Architectura ne fait aucun doute. Mais le domaine de prédilection de Cardan reste la médecine ; il s’inspire alors, d’Anaxagore et de Galien.
La ley, el Amano y la virtus de un proconsul
Authors: Muñiz Coello Joaquim
Published: February 2024

La classe dirigeante romaine de la fin de la période républicaine ambitionnait, en plus des magistratures et des gouvernements provinciaux, le triomphe institutionnel. Après une campagne militaire couronnée de succès, l’objectif d’un magistrat était d’être acclamé imperator, après avoir obtenu les supplicationes et finalement le triomphe. Il n’y avait pas de meilleure façon d’atteindre l’apogée d’une carrière faite de reconnaissances publiques, que d’être l’égal de Jupiter dans une parade devant le peuple enthousiaste de Rome. Pour cela les candidats usèrent de tous les moyens et il y eut des conflits que la loi ne put éviter. Le cas du proconsul M. Cicéron, qui est au centre de notre étude, en est un bon exemple.
Dur-Sharrukin : le portrait de Sargon II. Essai d’analyse structuraliste des bas-reliefs du palais découvert à Khorsabad
Authors: Sence Guillaume
Published: February 2024

Les sculptures en bas-relief néo-assyriennes du palais de Sargon II à Dur-Sharmkin forment, lorsqu’elles sont étudiées dans leur contexte architectural et dans leur ensemble, un portrait idéologique du roi mis en scène sur les murs du palais.
A dark wine in the wine-dark sea : production, trade and Athenian policy in the nothern Aegean
Authors: Rutishauser Brian
Published: February 2024

Les îles égéennes des Sporades septentrionales prirent une importance accrue dans la politique athénienne des Ve et IVe siècles avant notre ère. Durant cette période, le vin fut exporté depuis ces îles et il est possible de suivre les traces archéologiques de ce commerce en mer Noire. Ces vins sont connus par de multiples sources anciennes et leur renommée a grandi grâce aux réseaux commerciaux existant entre Athènes et la région pontique.
Morts bienveillants des «Parentalia». Morts malveillants des «Lemuria». Interférences entre droit et religion
Authors: Liou Bernadette
Published: February 2024

Les Lemuria ne sont pas l’inverse des Parentalia. Encadrés par les QRCF de mars et de mai, ils jouent un rôle important dans ce qu’on peut considérer comme une fondation, périodiquement remise à jour, de la société romaine. La formule Manes exite paterni, dont la traduction habituelle (et mécanique) a besoin d’être revue sous cet éclairage, ne concerne pas les morts en général mais un mort particulier.
L’image de Pompée le Grand pendant les guerres civiles (49-35 av.J.-C.)
Authors: Fernoux Henri
Published: February 2024

Contestée dès le début par l’aristocratie républicaine, l’image de Pompée, condamnée à un bref purgatoire par César entre 48 et 44 av. J.-C., dut sa renaissance, après 44 av. J.-C., davantage aux efforts de Cicéron (alors en lutte contre Marc Antoine) qu’aux fils de l'imperator.
Sur une inscription de Cyzique
Authors: Trippé Natacha
Published: February 2024

This study of a Kyzikos epigram, kept by the Anthologia Palatina, first examines the place where the stone was displayed, in Kyzikos or in Delphi, before studying more in depth the information that lies within. It appears that thanks to the exhibition of a stylis, that is to say a trireme ornament, the prestigious city of the Proponile coast highlights its maritime strength, under the protection of Athena and Apollo.
Les magistrats militaires des cités grecques au IV siècle A.C
Authors: Fröhlich Pierre
Published: February 2024

In the fourth century BC, contrary to a communis opinio, military officials were never able to break completely free from the domination of their poleis. This was true both in Athens (part I), and in the rest of the Ancient Greek world (part II). Moreover, their « civilian » duties had the effect of placing them in the forefront of the cities’ political life.
Histoire de la ποικιλία, un mode de reconnaissance sociale dans la démocratie athénienne
Authors: Villacèque Noémie
Published: February 2024

La notion de poikilia renvoie, à l’époque des guerres médiques, aux étoffes bariolées des Perses ; elle n’est cependant pas rejetée par la société athénienne, car, entre autres produits de luxe orientaux, l’élite importe ces vêtements chamarrés et s’en approprie l’esthétique. Leur démocratisation, à la fin du Ve siècle av. J.-C., relève davantage de l’imaginaire civique que de la réalité. Et si, au siècle suivant, la poikilia se conceptualise progressivement, renvoyant désormais surtout à la notion de « variété », elle demeure, pour l’élite, un mode de reconnaissance sociale.
Carthage et les Carthaginois dans l’épopée latine
Authors: Ciocârlie Alexandra
Published: February 2024

Our investigation is concerned with the evolution of the attitude of latin poets towards the Carthaginians. This attitude was determined as much by historical circumstances as by the future of latin epic. It can be hostile and even simplistic for Naevius and Ennius, more complex and nuanced for Virgil or full of rehetoric for Silius Italicus but the latin authors’ discourse also acquired mythical and symbolical connotations. We have also tried to observe the way the Romans saw themselves through the image they had of their ennemies.
Trois nouvelles inscriptions honorifiques de la Macédoine septentrionale (Stuberra). Notes prospographiques
Authors: Stankovska Marija
Published: February 2024

Cet article présente trois nouvelles inscriptions honorifiques provenant de la ville ancienne de Stuberra, en Macédoine. La première inscription présentée fut érigée par une décision du Conseil et du peuple de Stuberra , par laquelle on honore un certain Lysimachos. La deuxième honore un membre d’une famille sénatoriale, Septimia Sivanè Kelereinè. L’existence des membres de cette famille, parmi lesquels il y avait des macédoniarques, un consulaire et une grande-prêtresse du culte impérial est attestée par les inscriptions de Stuberra, de Thessalonique, de Béroia et de Stobi. La troisième inscription honorifique est de caractère privé -trois fils exprimant la gratitude à leur père, Orestes Philoxenos. La famille d'Orestes Philoxenos est, elle aussi, bien connue par les inscriptions de Stuberra et de Heraclea Lyncestis. Cette nouvelle inscription éclaire des liens familiaux en attestant la présence d’un nouveau membre.
Képhalos, tricéphale : unité et unicité d’un personnage en mythologie
Authors: Delattre Charles
Published: February 2024

Peut-on se fier à la notion de « personnage » pour étudier un nom propre qui apparaît dans le cadre d’un mythe ? L’étude qui suit démonte, à partir de l’exemple de Céphale, les dispositifs narratifs et iconographiques susceptibles de faire intervenir un nom dans l’Antiquité grecque : à la diversité des territoires où ce nom apparaît correspond également la diversité des pratiques qui mettent ce nom en exergue. Un nouveau jeu d’oppositions se crée pour Céphale, qui ne reprend pas la vieille question de l’unité du personnage ou de son nécessaire démembrement entre plusieurs héros homonymes : entre l’Attique et la Béotie, entre l’histoire d’un personnage et l’utilisation politique d’un nom, mais aussi entre la figure, à la fois textuelle et iconographique, et le récit, se dessine la variété du mythe qui ne peut se ramener à l’unité d’une narration.
Catulle 61, 202 : nostri ou uestri
Authors: Song-Yang Li
Published: February 2024

Respecting the manuscript tradition, the author will defend nostri of the 1. 202 of Catullus 61, the unique reading transmitted by the Catullian manuscripts G, O and R. The point is that the stanza containing nostri (1. 199-203) and the 1. 209-213, 219-223 could be sung by Manlius ; creating a dialogue between the bridegroom and the chorus, Catullus may have renewed the genre of epithalamia, a contribution by the Poet not noticed previously by students of Catullus because of the questionable correction of nostri into uestri (or uostri).
Les Neptunalia et les Consualia dans l’églogue 23 d’Ausone
Authors: Berlan Bajard Anne
Published: February 2024

L’églogue 23 d’ Ausone constitue un témoignage qui n’est pas à écarter sur les fêtes romaines encore célébrées à l’époque du poète. Son évocation des Consualia et des Neptunalia présente des points de convergence avec d’autres documents attestant l’assimilation croissante entre Consus et Neptune. La probable disparition des courses des Consualia dut renforcer le processus d’assimilation. Il est en outre possible qu’avec l’affirmation progressive, au Cirque, d’un Neptune protecteur de la navigation, une insistance sur les thèmes maritimes soit apparue dans les jeux qui portaient son nom. L’ajout de régates célébrées à Ostie paraît l’hypothèse la plus plausible. Dès lors, il apparaît que le duplicem cultum évoqué par Ausone est le culte rendu à Neptune-Consus lors des ludi Neptunalici, qui comprenaient des courses de chars à Rome et une compétition navale à Ostie.
Les fondations grecques de deuxième degré en Italie du sud et en Sicile : amies des «autres», ennemies des grecs ?
Authors: Costanzi Michela
Published: February 2024

Les causes de la fondation de colonies par des cités grecques qui sont elles-mêmes des colonies peuvent être très variées. Des raisons économiques, tantôt agricoles, tantôt commerciales, motivent certaines de ces fondations de deuxième degré. Pour d’autres initiatives coloniales, cependant, les intentions d’ordre stratégique semblent l’emporter : il s’agit d’approcher des populations de civilisations différentes et de nouer des liens commerciaux et culturels avec elles, ou bien de créer une barrière à l’expansion, réelle ou possible, de colonies grecques limitrophes.
Les intrigues de Piotine et la succession de Trajan. À propos d’un aureus au nom d’Hadrien César
Authors: Roman Yves , Rémy Bernard , Riccardi Laurent
Published: February 2024

La récente publication sur la toile d’un nouvel aureus d’Hadrien à la légende de revers : HADRIANO TRAIAN-O CAESARI confirme qu’une émission de ce type a bien été frappée à Rome ou à Antioche avant la mort de Trajan ou après la mort du Prince, mais avant qu’elle n’ait été rendue publique. En fait, la monnaie est bien authentique, mais elle officialise un « faux » antique, ou mieux un faux antique historique : l’adoption d’Hadrien par Trajan. Voulue par Piotine, elle n’eut jamais lieu — les sources littéraires antiques en témoignent — , mais la frappe de cette monnaie coupait court aux ragots, qui coururent à l’aise, et assurait sans heurt l’Empire à Hadrien.