bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Efikasi dan Pemantauan Reaksi Obat Merugikan dari Antiplatelet pada Pasien Pasca Stroke Iskemik di RSUP dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Authors: Ariani Raden Retno , Amalia Lia , Gunadharma Suryani , Anggadiredja Kusnandar
Published: January 2024

Stroke iskemik merupakan jenis stroke yang paling banyak terjadi. Resiko kejadian stroke ulang meningkat pada pasien yang telah mengalami stroke sebelumnya. Terapi antiplatelet dapat mencegah terjadinya stroke ulang pada pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai keberhasilan terapi pencegahan stroke ulang pada pasien stroke iskemik yang menerima terapi antiplatelet dan mengidentifikasi reaksi obat merugikan yang terjadi selama penggunaan obat tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kohort prospektif dengan pembanding internal dengan pengambilan sampel secara non- probability  menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling dan diperoleh 45 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 3 bulan setelah penggunaan antiplatelet, stroke ulang hanya terjadi pada 1 orang (5%) yang menggunakan terapi asetosal dan 8 orang (40%) pada pasien yang mengalami putus obat antiplatelet sebelum 3 bulan. Selama penggunaan asetosal terjadi beberapa reaksi obat merugikan seperti nyeri ulu hati (13,95%), mual (6,98%), ekimosis (4,65%), dan berkurangnya turgor kulit (2,36%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna untuk kejadian stroke ulang (p<0.05) antara kelompok pengguna asetosal dengan kelompok yang mengalami putus obat selama 3 bulan penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan asetosal efektif mencegah stroke ulang selama tiga bulan penelitian berdasarkan angka kejadian stroke ulang. Reaksi Obat merugikan yang terjadi hanya 26,83% berupa nyeri ulu hati, mual, dehidrasi dan ekimosis.
Optimasi Waktu Perendaman dan Waktu Ekstraksi Pembuatan Gelatin dari Sisik Ikan Nila Hitam (Oreocharomis niloticus) sebagai Gelling Agent
Authors: Ambarwati Rini , Andini Septia , Salwah Siti
Published: January 2024

Almost about 3/4 of the total weight of tilapia is waste, so the use of tilapia scale waste as gelatin has not been widely done. This study was designed to determine the effect of soaking and optimum extraction time on gelatin quality and determine the optimum conditions of soaking time and extraction time with Central Composite Design (CCD) design and optimum conditions determined by Response Composite Design (RSM). The conditions to be designed are to use 2 independent variables with variations in soaking time (12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours) and variations in extraction time (1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours) and the response to be seen is yield (%), viscosity (cP), and pH. The results of the study obtained the optimum condition of soaking time of 27,082 hours and extraction time of 2,989 hours, with a yield of 3.4356%, viscosity of 2.3933 cP and pH 3.8107, with the results of organoleptic evaluation parameters (brownish clear, coarse powder texture, typical tilapia aroma), yield (3.4356%.), pH (3.8107), water content (7.66%), ash content (0.18%), gelatin identification (positive biuret, millon and xantoprotein), viscosity (2.3933 cP),  protein content (90.91%) and gel strength 5.417 (Bloom).
Keywords:          Gelatin, Ossein, Black tilipia scales
 
Abstrak
Hampir sekitar ¾ dari berat total ikan nila merupakan limbahnya, sehingga pemanfaatan limbah sisik ikan nila sebagai gelatin belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh perendaman dan waktu ekstraksi optimum terhadap mutu gelatin dan mengetahu kondisi optimum waktu perendaman dan waktu ekstraksi dengan rancangan Central Composite Design (CCD) dan kondisi optimum ditentukan dengan Respon Composite Design (RSM). Kondisi yang akan dirancang adalah dengan menggunakan 2 variabel indipenden dengan variasi waktu perendaman (12 jam, 24 jam, dan 36 jam) dan variasi waktu ekstraksi (1 jam, 2 jam, dan 3 jam) dan respon yang akan dilihat yaitu rendemen (%), viskositas (cP), dan pH. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kondisi optimum waktu perendaman 27.082 jam dan waktu ekstraksi 2.989 jam, dengan rendemen 3.4356%, viskositas 2.3933 cP dan pH 3.8107, dengan hasil parameter evalusi organoleptik (berwarna bening kecoklatan, bertektur serbuk kasar, beraroma khas ikan nila), rendemen (3.4356%.), pH (3.8107), kadar air (7.66%), kadar abu (0.18%), identifikasi gelatin (positif biuret, millon dan xantoprotein), viskositas (2.3933 cP), kadar protein (90.91%) dan kekuatan gel 5.417  (Bloom).
Kata Kunci:         Gelatin, ossein, Sisik Nila Hitam
Jamur Endofitik BJS-3 Asosiasi Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata): Skiring Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan
Authors: Riga Riga , Silvani Mauline Adia , Oktria Wandi , Nasra Edi , Kurniawati Desy , Agustini Dewi Meliati
Published: January 2024

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is a member of the Acanthaceae family reported to synthesis various bioactive compounds and has biological activities. One of the activities is antioxidant. An alternative source of searching for antioxidant compounds from Sambiloto is its endophytic fungi. The research aims to examine the content of secondary metabolites and determine the antioxidant activity of the BJS-3 endophytic fungus associated with Sambiloto seeds. The steps of the research were inoculation, optimization, fermentation, as well as extraction using ethyl acetate to obtain crude extract (EtOAc). Crude extract of fungal BJS-3 was evaluated for their phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity. The results of the phytochemical test on the endophytic fungus BJS-3 showed positive for terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, antioxidant actitvity of extract of fungal BJS-3 was categorized as strong antioxidant properties (IC50 = 67.58 ppm).
Keywords:          Antioxidant, Andrographis paniculata, endophytic fungi
 
Abstrak
Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) adalah salah satu anggota keluarga Acanthaceae yang mampu mensintesis beragam senyawa bioaktif dan memiliki aktivitas biologis. Salah satu aktivitas tersebut adalah antioksidan. Sumber alternatif pencarian metabolit sekunder dengan aktivitas antioksidan dari sambiloto adalah dengan memanfaatkan jamur endofitik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kandungan metabolit sekunder dan menentukan sifat antioksidan (IC50) dari jamur BJS-3 yang berasosiasi dengan biji sambiloto. Tahapan riset ini meliputi inokulasi, optimasi, fermentasi, dan ekstraksi dengan pelarut etil asetat dan diperoleh ekstrak etil asetat (EtOAc). Ekstrak EtOAc jamur BJS-3 tersebut dianalisis kandungan metabolit sekunder dan sifat antioksidannya. Hasil uji fitokimia pada jamur endofitik BJS-3 menunjukkan positif bahwa ekstrak tersebut mengandung terpenoid dan senyawa fenolik. Sementara itu, uji aktivitas antioksidan mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak jamur BJS-3 berpotensi sebagai agen antioksidan yang tergolong kuat (IC50 = 67,58 ppm).
Kata Kunci:         Antioksidan, Andrographis paniculata, jamur endofitik
Uji Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bangkal (Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud.)
Authors: Fadlilaturrahmah Fadlilaturrahmah , Ramadhani Rahmat , Normaidah Normaidah , Rahmah Audya , Hadiastuti Adinda Dwina , Khairunnisa Amalia
Published: January 2024

Bangkal (Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud.) is a type of plant originating from South Kalimantan that contains antioxidants so it can protect the skin from sun radiation. This study aims to identify secondary metabolites and sunscreen activity based on the Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) value of the ethanol extract of N. subdita leaves. Identification of secondary metabolite compounds was carried out using a tube test. Testing of sunscreen activity was carried out by determining the SPF value in vitro using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument. The results of phytochemical screening tests on the ethanol extract of N. subdita leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The results of testing the activity of sunscreen from the ethanol extract of N. subdita leaves which had the highest SPF value was at a concentration of 250 ppm with an SPF value of 11.369 which was categorized as maximum protection.
Keywords:          Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud, Identification, Sunscreen
 
Abstrak
Bangkal (Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud.) merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan yang berasal dari Kalimantan Selatan yang memiliki kandungan antioksidan sehingga mampu melindungi kulit dari adanya radiasi sinar matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas tabir surya berdasarkan nilai Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) pada ekstrak etanol daun N. subdita. Kandungan fitokimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji tabung dan pengujian terhadap aktivitas tabir surya dilakukan secara in vitro dengan menentukan nilai SPF menggunakan instrumen spektrofotometer uv-vis. Hasil pengujian skrining fitokimia pada ekstrak etanol daun N. subdita mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, steroid, dan tannin sedangkan hasil pengujian aktivitas sebagai tabir surya dari ekstrak etanol daun N. subdita yang memiliki nilai SPF paling tinggi adalah pada konsentrasi 250 ppm dengan nilai SPF sebesar 11,369 yang dikategorikan memiliki proteksi maksimal.
Kata Kunci:         Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud, Identifikasi, Tabir surya
Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Manis (Averrhoa Carambola L.) terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat pada Kelinci New Zealand
Authors: Laili Nafisatul , Supriyanto Supriyanto , Saraswati Maulita
Published: January 2024

Sweet starfruit leaf extract (Averrhoa carambola L.) contains alkaloids and flavonoids which can be useful as anti-bacterials, saponins and tannins which can stimulate collagen formation, namely in the healing process of cut wounds. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of sweet starfruit leaf extract on healing cut wounds. Sweet starfruit leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol solvent and using the maceration method. Making variations of star fruit leaf extract was applied to 3 test animals. Each rabbit was given 5 treatments, namely manais starfruit leaf extract 25%, 50%, 75%, negative control, positive control. All rabbits were injured 2 cm long and 0.2 cm deep. Data was tested statistically using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The research results showed that all variations in extract concentration experienced narrowing of the wound, forming scabs and closing the wound. The statistical test results had a significant effect on wound healing in New Zealand rabbits, namely (p<0.05). These results show that making variations of star fruit leaf extract of 25%, 50% and 75% can heal cuts in New Zealand rabbits.
Keywords:          Sweet Carambola Leaf Extract, New Zealand Rabbit, Cuts
 
Abstrak
Ekstrak  daun belimbing manis (Averrhoa carambola L.) memiliki kandungan alkaloid dan flavanoid yang dapat berguna sebagai anti bakteri, saponin dan tanin yang dapat memacu pembentukan kolagen yaitu dalam proses penyembuhan luka sayat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini  untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun belimbing manis terhadap penyembuhan luka sayat. Daun belimbing manis di ekstrak menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dan menggunakan metode  maserasi. Pembuatan variasi ekstrak daun belimbing manis di oleskan pada hewan uji sebanyak 3 ekor. Masing-masing kelinci di beri 5 perlakuan, yaitu ekstrak daun belimbing manais 25%,50 %, 75 %, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif. Semua kelinci dilukai sepanjang 2 cm dengan kedalaman 0,2 cm. Data diuji secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA (Analisys Of Varian). Hasil penelitian menunjukan semua varisi konsentrasi ekstrak mengalami penyempitan luka, membentuk keropeng dan menutup luka. Hasil uji statistik memberikan efek signifikan terhadap penyembuhan luka pada kelinci new zealand, yaitu (p<0,05). Hasil ini menunjukan pembuatan variasi ekstrak daun belimbing manis 25%, 50% dan 75% dapat menyembuhkan luka sayat pada kelinci new zealand.
Kata Kunci:         Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Manis, Kelinci New Zealand, Luka Sayat
Legal Validity of Teleconference Witness in Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Arief Dwi , Alam Syariful
Published: January 2024

This research is driven by the need to assess the validity and legality of witness statements delivered via teleconference within the Indonesian justice system. As technology and electronic information continue to evolve, teleconferencing emerges as a novel legal tool. Despite this, the Criminal Procedure Code, which is the foundation of criminal procedural law in Indonesia, does not yet include specific provisions regulating this practice. This absence has sparked a polemic, triggering debates and divergent views on whether teleconferencing harms or benefits the parties involved, or whether it serves as an alternative medium to shield witnesses from external interference and threats to their safety. This research concerns the legitimacy of teleconferencing as a valid means of evidence within the Indonesian justice system. The research explores the various arguments for and against the use of witness testimony via teleconference, comparing its implementation in Indonesia with that in other countries. The research methodology employed is normative juridical, focusing on the analysis of legal norms to understand the issues related to the clarity and validity of teleconference-based witness testimony in court proceedings, as well as the associated pros and cons.
The Optimization of Pharmacy Waiting Time Using the Lean Healthcare Method
Authors: Nuraini Novita , Wijayanti Rossalina Adi
Published: January 2024

The waiting time for prescription services at dr. M. Suherman Clinic, a primary healthcare clinic with pharmacy services, did not meet the standard. It was about 15 minutes for the maximum waiting time for non-concoction prescriptions and 30 minutes for concoction medicines. A pre-liminary study of 100 patient visits in a day revealed that 15 non-concoction prescriptions and 20 concoction prescriptions exceeded the waiting times standard. It explicated the inefficiency in pharmacy services. The purpose of this research was to make the waiting time for pharmacies became more efficient. This research used lean healthcare method by using fishbone and 5M management elements. The data were collected by interviews, observation, and brainstorming. This study found that waiting time for pharmacy services approximately 36 minutes, with the Non-Value-Added ratio 56,7 %. It is concluded that the condition of pharmacy services had been inefficient. The units which contributed most waste were polyclinics and pharmacies. This research will produce a definite solution using the brainstorming method. The clinics need to standardize the deadline for doctors to input prescriptions, update the medical drug formulary, add new computers and drug blenders, add the number of staffs as human resources, and rearrange the clinic rooms.
Google Trend as a Tool for Market Analysis in Healthcare
Authors: Rahmawati Nahardian Vica , Munaa Nihayatul , Saputra Muhamad Ganda , Ummah Faizatul , Nurdiana Fara , Lutfi Ahmad Mustofa
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to analyze the market and the opportunity of Child Development Clinic using Google Trends and the effect of regulation on relative search volume (RSV). Child development has become a national priority since the issuance of regulation number 72 of 2021 concerning accelerating the reduction of stunting. The research used descriptive and analytic quantitative method. The data used relative search volume monthly from ten years (2013-2022). The data was then divided by the regional and before-after implementation the regulation of stunting reduction acceleration. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and t-student analysis. The findings showed that the relative search volume increased from the initial year before going down in 2018 and rose again during the pandemic. The region showed different RSV with p-value 0.001<0.05, and there was an effect of regulation implementation on RSV of child development. Google Trend is a management tool that can be used as a market analysis to assess the public interest in child de-velopment in healthcare services.
Decreasing The Effective Communication Of The Existence Of Implementing The Tradition Of Gugur Gunung ( Sambatan Gawe Omah) In The Community
Authors: Jannah Diah Nadiatul , Izzaqi Basid Elmi , Fadlillah Wildan , Supardi Supardi , Sudrajat Sudrajat
Published: January 2024

Sambatan Gawe Omah is one of the traditions of the Gunungkidul people whose implementation cannot be separated from the way the local community uses it as a means of communication. This study examines the tradition of splice gawe omah as a form of effective communication which has experienced a decline. The aims of this study were 1) to find out the position of the gawe Omah splice in Autumn Gunung, 2) to analyze the forms of effective communication in the gawe Omah splice tradition, 3) to find out the decline in effective communication in the gawe Omah splice tradition. This study uses a qualitative method through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that there is a decrease in effective communication in the  Sambatan Gawe Omah tradition due to high secondary relationships with the community, the reciprocal principle that brings the community physically present but not empathetically, and the strengthening of personal interest in building houses so that workmanship specifications are needed.
An examination of the strategic logic of nonviolent resistance in Fela's Afrobeat
Authors: Balogun Noah Opeyemi , Oladipo Temidayo David
Published: January 2024

This study explores Fela Anikulapo Kuti, arguably Africa’s most iconic resistant artist of the twentieth century by analysing the strategic logic of Nonviolence in his responses to numerous violent attacks by the repressive and oppressive regimes of the post independent Africa, nay Nigeria. Using the conceptual tool of music as social process and philosophical tool of critical and constructive analysis, the study combines documentary data in Fela’s Afrobeat and Key Informant Interview, in order to demonstrate the strategic logic of nonviolence in conflict engagement and transformation in Fela. The study argues that Afrobeat is a musical philosophy shaped by disregard for human rights and gross irresponsibility on the part of government that have manifested in Africa/Nigeria’s underdevelopment since the Union Jack was lowered in 1960s. The study avers that chose to be part of politics of revolution by using his music to exude protest and persuasion, non-cooperation and intervention against injustice that has created the many problems of man and social reality. The study concludes that Fela won against the oppressed post-colonial African leaders as he was the public conscience of the oppressed Africans who have continued to win despite being repressed.
Penanganan Muatan Berbahaya di Tempat Penumpukan atau Penyimpanan Barang Berbahaya pada Terminal Petikemas Semarang
Authors: Hitalessy Johanes O.W. , Andiansyah Mahardhika , Hidayat Isman , Arief Muchlis Imanullah , Kadang Novia Indriani
Published: January 2024

Logistik peti kemas merupakan layanan khusus yang terdapat pada pelabuhan yang memiliki terminal peti kemas. Layanan ini secara khusus menjadi lokasi transit antarmoda dengan kegiatan berupa stevedoring, cargodoring, dan receiving/delivery. Dalam proses penanganan peti kemas yang bermuatan barang berlabel berbahaya, operator wajib berhati-hati dan teliti ketika akan melakukan pemindahan barang tersebut karena jika salah bisa mengakibatkan ledakan atau kejadian lain yang tidak terduga yang dapat merugikan banyak pihak. Kerugian yang dimaksud tentunya beragam, mulai dari kerugian materi, kerusakan lingkungan, dan yang paling parah adalah kematian seseorang di sekitar lokasi kejadian. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menjawab permasalahan pengelolaan kualitas tenaga kerja penanganan muatan berbahaya dan tingkat keefektifan pengelolaan tempat penumpukan barang berbahaya di Terminal Peti Kemas (TPK) Semarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa TPK Semarang telah memiliki sistem dan prosedur yang berkaitan dengan penanganan barang berbahaya, memisahkan muatan berbahaya dengan muatan lainnya di dipo peti kemas 02, dan telah mengajukan permohonan pelatihan penanganan muatan berbahaya  (IMO Model Course 1.10) bagi seluruh karyawan yang bekerja di area penanganan muatan berbahaya serta secara rutin melakukan pelatihan pada setiap tahunnya. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengelolaan kualitas tenaga kerja penanganan muatan berbahaya dan tingkat keefektifan pengelolaan tempat penumpukan barang berbahaya di TPKS telah berjalan dengan baik sebagaimana mestinya.
Evaluasi Penerapan Tokyo MoU Guna Meningkatkan Aspek Keselamatan Kapal Indonesia pada Pelayaran Internasional
Authors: Priadi Antoni Arif , Ferdillah Rendi
Published: January 2024

Dalam rangka mematuhi standar peraturan internasional mengenai keselamatan pelayaran, keamanan, serta pencegahan pencemaran laut, merupakan tanggung jawab masing-masing negara bendera terhadap kapal-kapal yang mengibarkan benderanya. Sebagai negara berbasis maritim, setiap tahunnya ratusan kapal berbendera Indonesia berlayar ke luar negeri. Namun, masih tingginya angka persentase penahanan terhadap kapal berbendera Indonesia menyebabkan kurangnya kepercayaan dunia pelayaran terhadap standar keselamatan kapal Indonesia. Meskipun saat ini Indonesia termasuk dalam daftar “white list” di Tokyo MoU, Indonesia sangat rentan kembali ke daftar “grey list” bahkan “black list” jika tidak segera memperbaiki posisinya di dalam daftar “white list”. Peningkatan performa negara bendera menjadi sangat penting dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan tersebut dengan melibatkan seluruh stakeholder terkait. Untuk memenuhi tujuan tersebut, maka identifikasi terhadap jenis defisiensi yang menyebabkan penahanan kapal berbendera Indonesia dilakukan dengan klusterisasi menggunakan model Software, Hardware, Environment, dan Liveware (SHEL). Kemudian, penentuan stakeholder sebagai lapisan pertahanan untuk mencegah terjadinya penahanan kapal menggunakan model Swiss Cheese. Hasilnya adalah tiap stakeholder yang merepresentasikan tiap lapisan keju sebagai lapisan pertahanan mendapatkan identifikasi masalah yang spesifik dari tiap komponen pada SHEL, dan strategi pencegahan dapat diformulasikan dengan baik bagi tiap stakeholder. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi oleh regulator, pemilik kapal atau perusahaan pelayaran, nahkoda, dan kru kapal dalam menerapkan strategi alternatif pencegahan penahanan kapal.
SUVLASNIŠTVO TREĆEG LICA NA PREDMETU IZVRŠENJA KAO PRAVO KOJE (NE)SPREČAVA IZVRŠENJE
Authors: Petrović Stojana
Published: January 2024

When enforcement is determined on an object that is co-owned by the executor and a third party who is not the executor, domestic and comparative procedural theories identify (only) the concept according to which the co-ownership of the third party represents their exclusive right, starting from the fact that it is natural for a forced settlement enforcement requester to be carried out based on the value of the executor’s property. In addition to the above, two other models are identified in the paper using the normative- dogmatic and comparative law method – the right of co-ownership of the third party on the object of execution, which represents a conditional exclusive right, and their right which is not an exclusive right. The legal-value reach of the identified legal models is examined by analyzing the current domestic and foreign procedural theories, as well as the current domestic judicial practice, and by examining their compatibility with the convention standard of protection of the third party’s right to peaceful enjoyment of property. Since the laws of the entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina accept opposite models regarding this issue, the research aims to point out to the legislators in the entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina the importance of conceptual harmonization as soon as possible. It is concluded that from the identified legal models, the protection of the right to peaceful enjoyment of the property of a third party is provided (only) by the one that envisages the co-ownership of this person as his exclusive right, either on the movable or immovable thing on which enforcement is determined.
Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of bone quality and quantity following laser-assisted orthodontic tooth movement: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eid Farah Yousry , Alansari Reem Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely implemented in the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, the impact of LLLT on the alveolar bone changes accompanying OTM has not been comprehensively addressed in a clinical trial. Hence, the objective of this investigation was to perform a three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the impact of LLLT on the changes in bone quality (bone density), and quantity (bone thickness and volume) during the canine retraction stage of orthodontic treatment.

Material and Methods:

Twenty patients requiring maxillary first premolars’ extraction followed by canine retraction were recruited for this split-mouth study. Before the commencement of canine retraction, the maxillary arch in each of the enrolled subjects was randomly split into an “experimental” side, and a “control” side. In the experimental group, LLLT was performed on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and then every two weeks until the completion of the research duration (12 weeks). The employed diode laser was of 980 nanometers (nm) wavelength and a dosage of 8 joules per square centimeter (J/cm2), in a continuous mode. Canine distalization was accomplished using nickel-titanium closed-coil springs, with a force of 150 grams (g). Pre-retraction and post-retraction cone-beam computed tomography was performed to assess bone quality and quantity, in terms of alveolar bone density, thickness, and volume.

Results:

A statistically significant reduction in bone density and volume was found following canine retraction (P < 0.05) with and without LLLT application. For the total bone thickness, a statistically significant decrease was observed at both the coronal and mid-root levels of the maxillary canine (P < 0.05), whereas an insignificant change was reported at the apical level (P > 0.05) in both the studied groups. Furthermore, insignificant differences were documented in all the measured outcomes between the experimental and the control groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

With the employed parameters in the present study, LLLT does not positively influence the changes in neither bone quality (bone density) , nor bone quantity (bone thickness and volume) accompanying OTM. Moreover, a significant reduction in bone density, in bone thickness (coronal and mid-root levels), as well as in bone volume accompanies canine distalization in both groups.
Symptoms, Electrolyte Disturbances and Serum Albumin Levels in Palliative Oncology Patients Admitted Through Emergency: Characteristics and Survival Outcomes
Authors: Menon Mahesh , Perumal Subhashini , Ahmad Raza , Das Priya , Rana Shiv Pratap Singh , Sardar Asif
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

Our research aimed to examine the characteristics of palliative oncology patients hospitalised through an emergency to look for the symptom profile, characteristics of dyselectrolytemia and blood investigations, and possible associations with mortality.

Materials and Methods:

After institutional review board approval, a retrospective, observational study of patients hospitalised in our tertiary care specialty oncology hospital was undertaken. Records of hospitalised cancer patients admitted from the emergency department under palliative care from January 2019 to October 2021 were examined. As all admissions during this period were through emergency due to institution COVID-19 protocols, all elective admissions were excluded from the study. Data collected included patient characteristics, blood investigations, and comorbid history of systemic diseases and factors that could be associated with electrolyte imbalance.

Results:

There were 157 emergency admissions during the study period. A majority were patients with solid tumours (92.4%). Pain was the most frequent cardinal symptom, along with other symptoms (68/157) or in isolation (33/157), followed by reduced oral intake (32/157) and altered sensorium (24/157). sixty-six patients died within the hospitalisation period. On long-term follow-up, only 8 (5.1%) were surviving. Hyponatraemia (43%), Hypoalbuminaemia (66%), and altered renal function (33.1%) were prevalent. We observed a weak positive correlation between sodium levels and outcome (r = 0.199, P = 0.016) and a strong positive correlation between albumin levels and survival outcomes (r = 0.329, P = 0.000). Patients with normal albumin had a higher chance of survival (odds ratio: 33.1225, 95% confidence interval: 3.415–321.20, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:

Pain-reduced oral intake and altered sensorium are common emergency symptoms in oncology palliative care. Mortality is high in these patients. Hyponatraemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and deranged renal functions were commonly seen. Normal sodium and albumin levels were associated with higher chances of survival, and the association was strong for serum albumin levels. This may have prognostic utility.
Forensic Analysis of a Distressed Railroad Embankment
Authors: Divya Jyothi B. , Ramya Krishna V. , B. Murali Krishna
Published: January 2024

Land subsidence is becoming a prevalent worldwide occurrence, perhaps with a devastating impact on civilian lives. Moreover, natural and man-made slopes formed are susceptible to damage unless there is adequate stability. The bulk of the slope failures is due to intensive rains. Examination of slope stability due to massive rains is an important issue to inspect in the area with high precipitation. This study is aimed at exploring the effects of severe flooding on the stability of the slope. A 30 m long railroad embankment failure that happened on May 25, 2011, in the city of Ann Arbor, Michigan, is introduced. The collapse happened due to the rainy season that brought about ponding water against the embankment and sufficiently high-water pressures that brought about the instability of the railroad embankment. The back investigation is a much more dependable and predictable strategy to evaluate the shear parameters in situ. The back investigation of a slope is solved using the Resistance Envelope method wherein the embankment is divided through a certain number of slices. Forces on each slice are estimated and the potential failure surface is identified. The shear parameters are extracted employing the resistance envelope method for the actual failure plane and are verified with the initial condition. This study aims to find the impact of precipitation on slope stability using Geostudio 2012 software.
Genetic susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori and the progression of gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Akshayaa P. , Iyshwarya B.K. , Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran
Published: January 2024

The Helicobacter pylori bacteria are spiral-shaped and grow in the stomach's mucus. During its life cycle, H. pylori produces an enzyme called urease that converts urea into ammonia. This enzyme allows the organism to survive a severe, acidic environment by converting urea into ammonia. Molecular genetic studies have identified polymorphisms functional as biomarkers of hereditary predisposition to stomach cancer. Several genes involved in inflammation have been linked to stomach cancer development. Recently, these genes' potential pathogenic and carcinogenic effects have been investigated (APC, CDH1, IL-1, BAX, NOS2, KRAS and MSH2). All these genes' processes have been researched to understand better their potential as biomarkers of gastric carcinogenesis. An in-depth analysis will be required to determine the genetic characteristics of stomach cancer related to H. pylori. It is imperative to research a variety of ethnicities to further use this influence as a critical and fundamental risk factor for stomach illness.
Linguistic mechanisms as a source of humour in selected verbal jokes:
Authors: Pluszczyk Adam , Świątek Artur
Published: January 2024

Mechanizmy językowe jako źródło humoru w wybranych żartach słownych. Analiza figur stylistycznych i mechanizmów pragmatycznych
W poniższym artykule podjęto próbę analizy niektórych mechanizmów językowych występujących w wybranych angielskich dowcipach słownych lub językowych. Badania skupiają się na wybranych figurach stylistycznych i pragmatycznych mechanizmach, które przyczyniają się do tworzenia kontekstów humorystycznych. Badanie opiera się na korpusie różnych dowcipów językowych, których tematyka jest różna. Mechanizmy językowe, które decydują o śmieszności analizowanych dowcipów, zostaną przeanalizowane z pragmatycznego i retorycznego punktu widzenia. Pragmatycznie będziemy szukać przykładów opartych na implikacjach, założeniach, naruszaniu maksym, implikaturach. Stylistycznie lub retorycznie nasza analiza będzie dotyczyć występowania różnych środków stylistycznych, takich jak hiperbola, aluzja, aliteracja, eufemizm, frazeologia, ironia, wyrażenia potoczne, anafora, katafora, porównanie, kalambury, metafora, metonimia. Postaramy się ustalić, jakie mechanizmy pragmatyczne i jakie środki retoryczne występują w dowcipach najczęściej.
The role of inflammatory immunomodulators in the development of schizophrenia
Authors: Аршинова Е.С. , Карпова Н.С. , Сандомирский К.А. , Нурбеков М.К. , Архипов А.Ю.
Published: January 2024

Шизофрения является одним из наиболее распространенных многофакторных психических заболеваний. Среди наиболее важных факторов риска развития шизофрении, таких как генетическая предрасположенность, эпигенетические изменения, стресс, внутриутробные, родовые и послеродовые осложнения, важную роль играет нейровоспаление и повышенный синтез провоспалительных цитокинов. Также одним из потенциальных биомаркёров развития шизофрении является рилин – гликопротеин, участвующий в нейротрансмиссии и синаптической пластичности. Стоит отметить, что патогенетические механизмы, лежащие в основе шизофрении, на данный момент точно не установлены, однако изучение связей между экспрессией гена рилина, уровнями провоспалительных цитокинов, а также позитивной и негативной симптоматикой у пациентов с шизофренией может быть потенциально информативным для понимания механизмов развития шизофрении.

Schizophrenia is one of the most common multifactorial mental illnesses. Among the most important risk factors for the development of schizophrenia, such as genetic predisposition, epigenetic changes, stress, intrauterine, birth and postpartum complications, neuroinflammation and increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role. Also, one of the potential biomarkers for the development of schizophrenia is reelin, a glycoprotein involved in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. It should be noted that the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying schizophrenia have not yet been clearly established, however, the study of relationships between reelin gene expression, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia can be potentially informative for understanding the mechanisms of development of schizophrenia.
Determination of the regulatory potential of polymorphisms associated with preeclampsia
Authors: Карпова Н.С. , Дмитренко О.П. , Нурбеков М.К.
Published: January 2024

Целью исследования было выявление полиморфизмов с наибольшим регуляторным потенциалом, которые могут стать перспективными маркерами раннего прогноза развития преэклампсии. Материалы и методы. Для выбора полиморфизмов с наибольшим регуляторным потенциалом использовались биоинформатические базы данных: GWAS-catalog, dbSNP, RegulomDB, UCSC. Результаты. Мы оценили регуляторный потенциал 36 полиморфизмов, ассоциированных с преэклампсией, и выявили 7 наиболее перспективных полиморфизмов для дальнейшего изучения (rs1918975, rs1458038, rs10774624, rs7318880, rs1421085, rs259983 и rs4769612).

The aim of the study was to identify polymorphisms with the highest regulatory potential, which can become promising early predictors of preeclampsia. Materials and methods. To select polymorphisms with the highest regulatory potential, bioinformatic databases were used: GWAS-catalog, dbSNP, RegulomDB, UCSC. Results. We assessed the regulatory potential of 36 polymorphisms associated with preeclampsia and identified the 7 most promising polymorphisms for further study (rs1918975, rs1458038, rs10774624, rs7318880, rs1421085, rs259983 and rs4769612).
Design & Synthesis of Novel Nitrofuranyl Indole Carboxylates as Potential Antibacterial Drug Conjugates
Authors: Dey Ashley L.
Published: January 2024

Mankind has immensely benefited from the first marketed antibacterial drug i.e. Salvarsan® in 1910 to the recently released Vaborem®, and the discovery of penicillin gave birth to the modern age of antibacterial treatment. Since the ‘golden age’ of antibacterial discovery (from the ‘40s to the ‘60s), in which most common antibacterial agents were discovered, antibacterial discovery has slowed dramatically with no new antibacterial scaffolds being introduced from 1962 until 2000. Recent developments in Oxford have led to identification of non-β-lactam indole carboxylates as potent metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors; as a result, and in extension of the aforementioned endeavours in combating antibacterial resistance, herein this work reports a set of novel nitrofuranyl indole carboxylates (NInCs) which are thought to have potential to be developed into antibacterial drug conjugates. Inasmuch as stable ester prodrugs of the aforementioned NInCs may be biologically inactive, this work also presents various methods for ester hydrolysis of these potential antibacterial drug conjugates together with some modification to their cleavable linkers.
Attenuating N-oxyl Decomposition for Improved Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysts Design
Authors: Yang Cheng , Farmer Luke , McFee Elvis , Jha Rahul , Maldonado Stephen , Pratt Derek , Stephenson Corey
Published: January 2024

The design of N-oxyl hydrogen atom transfer catalysts has proven challenging to date. Previous efforts have focused on the functionalization of the archetype phthalimide-N-oxyl. Driven in part by the limited options for modification of this structure, this strategy has provided only modest improvement in reactivity and/or solubility. Our previous mechanistic efforts have suggested that while the electron-withdrawing carbonyls of the phthalimide are necessary to maximize the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy of the HAT product hydroxylamine and thus overall reaction thermodynamics, they can undergo nucleophilic substitution leading to catalyst decomposition. In an attempt to minimize this vulnerability, this work replaces the aryl ring in PINO with the combination of a substituted heteroatom and quaternary carbon. By rendering one carbonyl carbon less electrophilic and the other less sterically accessible, the corresponding N1-aryl-hydantoin-N3-oxyl showed significantly higher stability than PINO as well as a modest improvement in reactivity. This proof-of-principle in new scaffold design may accelerate future HAT catalyst discovery and development.
Solvent-free Hydroxylation of C-H bonds by Fe-complex: A Green Approach for Activation of Small Molecules and Macromolecules
Authors: Chatterjee Debasmita , Sajeevan Amritha , Jana Sandipan , Birajdar Rajkumar S. , Chikkali Samir H. , Sivaram Swaminathan , Sen Gupta Sayam
Published: January 2024

One approach to mitigate the crisis of plastic waste is “chemical upcycling”, in which waste plastic is converted into products with higher economic value. Towards this goal, several metal-catalyzed post-functionalization of polymers have been reported, with variable success, mostly on account of lack of selectivity, use of harsh reaction conditions, and use of environmentally unfriendly solvents. In this work, we demonstrate selective hydroxylation of the backbone 3° C-H bonds in polyolefin macromolecules using in-house developed (Et4N)2[FeIII-(Ph,Me-bTAML)] (3) complex and solid Na2CO3.1.5 H2O2 (SPC; Sodium percarbonate) under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions. The reaction condition only employs simple mechanochemical grinding at room tempera-ture. The polar functional group -OH was successfully incorporated into the polymer backbone without any chain degradation and crosslinking. The same reaction conditions were also employed to selectively hydroxylate small organic molecules including com-plex natural products. The rate and selectivity of the reaction towards 3° C-H bonds far exceed that performed under homogene-ous conditions. Mechanistic investigation indicates the formation of the well-characterized oxoiron(V) intermediate upon mechani-cal grinding of 3 and SPC. The high selectivity observed under solvent-free conditions is due to the elimination of solvent-induced side-reaction of this intermediate. This represents a very sustainable process since it uses environmentally benign reagents (iron complex, “oxygen bleach”), thus eliminating the use of hazardous solvents. The workup protocol involves simple washing with water where both the spent catalyst and the oxidant are soluble.
Polyvalent Glycomimetic-Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates reveal effects of glycan display on Multivalent Lectin-Glycan Interactions
Authors: Ning Xinyu , Budhadev Darshita , Pollastri Sara , Nehlmeier Inga , Kempf Amy , Manfield Iain , Turnbull Bruce , Pöhlmann Stefan , Bernardi Anna , Li Xin , Guo Yuan , Zhou Dejian
Published: January 2024

Multivalent lectin-glycan interactions (MLGIs) are widespread and vital for biology, making them attractive therapeutic tar-gets. Unfortunately, the structural and biophysical mechanisms of several key MLGIs remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to design spatially matched glycoconjugates as potent therapeutics against targeting MLGIs. A synthetic pseudo-dimannose (psDiMan) ligand has been shown to selectively bind to a dendritic cell surface tetrameric lectin, DC-SIGN, over some other multimeric lectins sharing monovalent mannose specificity but having distinct cellular functions. Herein, we dis-play psDiMan polyvalently onto gold nanoparticles (GNP-psDiMan) to probe how scaffold size and glycan valency control their multivalent binding properties with DC-SIGN. We reveal that GNP-psDiMan binds strongly, with sub-nM Kds, to DC-SIGN and their binding affinity is enhanced with the increasing GNP scaffold size. Interestingly, there is a minimal, GNP size-dependent, glycan density threshold for forming strong MLGIs with DC-SIGN. Moreover, we have developed a new fluores-cence quenching method for probing MLGI thermodynamics by quantifying MLGI affinities under varying temperatures in combination with the Van’t Hoff analysis. We reveal that DC-SIGN binding with GNP-psDiMans is enthalpy driven, with the standard binding enthalpy changes (DH0s) of ~ -100 kJ/mol, matching well to those measured by isothermal titration calo-rimetry. Such DH0 values are ~4 folds that of the corresponding monovalent psDiMan-DC-SIGN binding, implying that all 4 binding sites in DC-SIGN are engaged in binding to GNP-psDiMan. Dynamic light scattering studies further show that DC-SIGN binds glycans from the same GNP-psDiMan. Finally, using particles pseudotyped with the Ebola virus glycoprotein, we show that GNP-psDiMans potently inhibit DC-SIGN-dependent augmentation of Ebola virus cellular entry with sub-nM level EC50 values. Interestingly, such EC50 values are comparable to their DC-SIGN binding affinities measured by fluorescence quenching in solution. These results indicate that GNP based fluorescence quenching is a versatile method to reveal MLGI thermodynamics and binding determinants of high affinity MLGI interactions, and to predict GNP-glycan antiviral properties.
Chiral Bipyridine-N,N’-dioxides Catalysts: Design, Synthesis, and Application in Synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine Analogues
Authors: Li Shi-Wu , Dai Bin , Liu Jichang , Zhu Shi jie , Tian xue
Published: January 2024

A novel type of highly efficient chiral C2-symmetric bipyridine-N,N’-dioxides catalysts to catalyze Michael addition/Cyclization of 5-aminopyrazoles with α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles has been developed, affording the corresponding adducts in 85-97% yield with up to 99% enantioselectivity. Remarkably, this protocol exhibits extraordinary advantages in terms of reactivity and enantioselectivity, given the fact that as low as 2.2 mol % of L1 and 2.0 mol % of Ni(OTf)2 can promote the title reaction on gram scale to afford desired product with excellent enantioselectivity.
Logistic Model for Predicting Coliform Growth in Wastewater Effluent From the Chambo River (Ecuador)
Authors: Béjar-Suárez Jaime Giovanny , Muyulema-Allaica Juan Carlos , Béjar Cáceres David Geovanny , Cáceres-Mena Mayra Elizabeth , Mendoza-Trujillo Benito Guillermo , Mendoza-Trujillo Benito Guillermo , Guananga-Diaz Nelly Ivonne
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The objective of this work is to apply a predictive model of bacterial growth to determine the concentration of total coliforms, under controlled laboratory conditions, in wastewater from the city of Riobamba that flows into the Chambo River (Ecuador).
 
Theoretical Framework: Wastewater pollution is a global problem that affects water quality and public health. Population growth has a drastic impact on the contamination of water bodies, particularly in Ecuador, since most of the effluents are not adequately treated, which becomes a public health and environmental problem. For this reason, over the years, total and fecal coliforms have been used as indicators of water quality.
 
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used a mathematical modeling approach of a logistic and deterministic type, and calculated through an executable command designed in the integrated development environment (IDE) with the Visual C# programming language (logic) and the XAML design language (interface).
 
Findings: The results achieved are 1) the theoretical construction of a mathematical model (logistic model) starting from a differential equation and the taking of three experimental measurements, 2) the computer construction of the bacterial growth model and 3) it has been demonstrated that there is agreement between the values obtained from the model of total coliform growth and the experimental results with a margin of error of less than 1%.
 
Research, Practical & Social Implications: This information can be used by stakeholders to determine actions that could improve current conditions.
 
Originality/Value: The result of this study emphasizes that the model proposed can reproduce the growth of coliforms up to a maximum growth point, it is necessary to continue with the development of the same in the stationary phase of bacterial growth and then in the decay phase.
Expressway Route and Interchange Design
Authors: Yu Zhonglei
Published: January 2024

With the rapid development of the socio-economy and the growing demand for transportation, highways have become an indispensable and important part of the modern transportation network. The design of highway routes and interchanges is a key link in highway construction, which directly affects the efficiency, safety, and traffic smoothness of highways. Based on this, this article analyzes in detail the highway route design and the design of two common interchanges, in order to improve the highway route design and the quality and efficiency of highway construction.
Design Strategy of Municipal Roads and Bridges Using BIM Technology
Authors: Wan Meng
Published: January 2024

Under the rapid development of socio-economy and urbanization, the state’s attention toward urban infrastructure continues to increase. The construction of municipal road and bridge projects is related to people’s daily travel and transport safety, and it also plays an important role in promoting urban economic development. Therefore, modern technology should be fully utilized in the design of municipal roads and bridges to strengthen construction cost control and increase their social and economic benefits. In this paper, the characteristics and application status of BIM technology in municipal road and bridge design are analyzed, and corresponding road and bridge design strategies are explored to promote the healthy development of municipal road and bridge projects.