bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HPV self-sampling and follow-up over two rounds of cervical screening in Australia – the iPap trial
Authors: Sultana Farhana , Gertig Dorota M , English Dallas R , Simpson Julie A , Drennan Kelly T , Wrede C David , Mullins Robyn M , Heley Stella , Saville Marion , Brotherton Julia ML
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Previously, based on 6 months of follow-up, we showed that HPV self-sampling improved participation in cervical screening compared to a reminder letter for Pap testing for never- and under-screened women. Here, we report follow-up and related screening outcomes for women who participated in the initial self-sampling over two screening rounds.

Setting

The randomised controlled trial was conducted in Australia.

Methods

Never- and under-screened women were randomly allocated to the HPV self-sampling or the reminder for Pap test arm and followed at 6 and 36 months since the kits were first mailed.

Results

The first round of HPV self-sampling kits were mailed from May–July 2014 to 12 572 women. After 36 months, 19% of never-screened and 9% of under-screened women returned a kit for HPV testing; 2.7% were HPV 16/18 and 5.8% non-16/18 HPV positive. Compliance with first round follow-up was 84% (95% CI: 77.1–89.5%). Non-compliant and cytology triage negative women were mailed another kit at 12 months. Compliance at 12-month follow-up was 59.3% (49.4 to 68.6%). Of 37 women with a 12-month repeat HPV, 70% were positive. Of women who tested negative for HPV in the first round (n = 1573), 25% attended regular screening in the next round and none had CIN2 + detected. The overall prevalence of CIN2 + was 8.5 per 1000 screened (4.8 to 13.9 per 1000).

Conclusion

While self-sampling can successfully engage women, compliance with repeat testing may require monitoring. The clinician-supported self-collection pathway now in use in Australia will likely improve women's engagement with follow-up.
An Economic Analysis of Technical Efficiency of MSMEs in India
Authors: Singh Sadhana , Mallaiah L. C.
Published: March 2022

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have been the lifeline of the Indian economy. The sector draws significant importance in terms of employment, production, income and export. This is a labour-intensive sector and creates large employment opportunities in India. The sector has the capacity to reduce regional imbalance through income and employment generation and attain self-reliance. After new economic reforms, they have been facing tough competition. The nature of performance and efficiency of the MSMEs are needed to improve to face the competition in the market. This article analyses relative technical efficiencies of registered and unregistered MSMEs of states and union territories in India. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique is used to estimate the technical efficiency of the MSMEs. It is a state-wise analysis. This study shows some significant results of the performance and efficiency of MSMEs in India.
The Impact of Social Media on the Pre-purchase of Plurals
Authors: Sidhu Lovedeep Singh , Saini Ramandeep
Published: March 2022

The study objects to how the pre-purchase of plurals is influenced by social media. Facebook, Snapchat, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube as the integrated social media platform were considered to examine social media usage and assess their impact on three dimensions of the pre-purchase stage including identification of needs, search information and evaluation of alternatives. A conceptual model for this study was developed using the previous literature. The study contains 250 plurals users as respondents; selected by adopting stratified sampling and snowball sampling. The empirical evidence was collected by surveying through a structured questionnaire. The dataset was analyzed using structure equational modeling in Smart PLS 3.0. Positive results have been found for social media influence on pre-purchase of consumer decision making process of plurals. Moreover, need recognition was highly influenced ( H1), followed by search of information ( H2) and evaluation of alternatives ( H3). Among all social media platforms, Instagram was mostly used by plurals. This research was confined to the Punjab state of India only, though other areas can take this research further. Additionally, only plurals as generation cohort were chosen; however, millennials and alpha generations can be considered for future empirical testing. This study provides ample scope to marketers in understanding the pre-purchasing behavior of plurals and their social media usage, which could be beneficial for them in developing digital marketing strategies for targeting this age group through social media.
The Challenge-Hindrance Stressor Framework: An Integrative Conceptual Review and Path Forward
Authors: LePine Marcie A.
Published: March 2022

Research on the topic of stressful workplace demands (stressors) has a long and rich history in psychology and management. Today, the challenge-hindrance stressor framework (CHSF) represents one of the key theoretical models of stress through which scholars understand workplace stressors and their effects on individuals with respect to a broad array of proximal and more distal criteria. Although the CHSF has been used in over two decades of research on issues surrounding the effects of stressors, and despite several meta-analyses which have quantitatively summarized and theoretically extended this work, we lack an integrated picture of how the findings from all this research fits together. This not only thwarts the accumulation of knowledge, but it also masks important issues in need of study and hinders the application of knowledge to improve practice. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of the CHSF, and to facilitate a more cohesive understanding of the literature. The review synthesizes the literature to produce an integrative heuristic, speaks to criticisms of the CHSF in light of research evidence, and presents a road map for future research.
Mass Forming Basement Membrane Material Secondary to Adnexal Adenocarcinoma - a Case Report
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Marsa , Wong Eva , Kim Jennifer , Chou Shaun
Published: March 2022

We report a 77-year-old male with biopsy proven adnexal adenocarcinoma where there was only mass deposit of basement membrane material in the therapeutic excision. To our knowledge, this finding is extremely rare and has not been previously described in the literature and necessitates distinction from other conditions which cause eosinophilic hyaline deposits within the dermis.
Associations Between Self-Regulation, Experiences of Childhood Adversity, and Problematic Sexual and Aggressive Behaviors
Authors: Stinson Jill D. , Puszkiewicz Kelcey L. , Lasher Michael P.
Published: March 2022

Problems with self-regulation are often theoretically and empirically linked to sexually abusive behavior, as is also true of experiences of early childhood abuse and maltreatment. Questions remain regarding how indicators of dysregulation and self-regulatory deficits interact and are associated with prior maltreatment. In the current study, a range of variables potentially indicative of emotional, cognitive, interpersonal, and behavioral dysregulation and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were examined using the frame of the multimodal self-regulation theory among 156 adult men residing in secure forensic care who were receiving treatment for prior sexual offenses. Data were subjected to principal components analysis, resulting in four components that described varying aspects of dysregulated behavior and experiences: Problematic Sexual Behavior (PSB)-Impulsivity, Serious Mental Illness (SMI)-Aggression, ACEs-Suicidality, and Paraphilic Interests-Behavioral Stability. One component comprised of variables associated with maltreatment was associated with impulsivity and PSBs, as well as SMI and violence via linear regression analysis. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
The Effects of Colchicine on the Histopathological Findings of Celiac Disease During Familial Mediterranean Fever Treatment
Authors: Alpcan Aysegul , Gülerman Hacer Fulya , Kandur Yaşar , Tursun Serkan , Zengin Mehmet
Published: March 2022

Familial mediterranean fever (FMF) and Celiac Disease (CD) are both autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases with common clinical features affecting the gastrointestinal system. Familial mediterranean fever may coexist with CD. Inflammatory cells and cytokines are up-regulated within the intestinal mucosa of patients with CD. In this perspective, lymphocyte infiltration to the lamina propria of the small intestinal mucosa is a critical pathological sign. In the present study, we aimed to find out whether the treatment of an FMF patient with colchicine affects the pathological signs of concomitant developed CD on the same patient. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 147 patients with FMF who were followed up in our center between 2015 and 2020. Of the 147 patients with FMF, 3 patients also had CD. In this report, we presented these 3 cases. The findings obtained in this study suggest that pathological findings may be misinterpreted in autoimmune diseases, such as CD, when patients administer anti-inflammatory treatments, such as colchicine.
Using Natural Language Processing Techniques to Detect Adverse Events From Progress Notes Due to Chemotherapy
Authors: Mashima Yukinori , Tamura Takashi , Kunikata Jun , Tada Shinobu , Yamada Akiko , Tanigawa Masatoshi , Hayakawa Akiko , Tanabe Hirokazu , Yokoi Hideto
Published: March 2022

Objective:

In recent years, natural language processing (NLP) techniques have progressed, and their application in the medical field has been tested. However, the use of NLP to detect symptoms from medical progress notes written in Japanese, remains limited. We aimed to detect 2 gastrointestinal symptoms that interfere with the continuation of chemotherapy—nausea/vomiting and diarrhea—from progress notes using NLP, and then to analyze factors affecting NLP.

Materials and methods:

In this study, 200 patients were randomly selected from 5277 patients who received intravenous injections of cytotoxic anticancer drugs at Kagawa University Hospital, Japan, between January 2011 and December 2018. We aimed to detect the first occurrence of nausea/vomiting (Group A) and diarrhea (Group B) using NLP. The NLP performance was evaluated by the concordance with a review of the physicians’ progress notes used as the gold standard.

Results:

Both groups showed high concordance: 83.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 74.1-90.1) in Group A and 97.7% (95% CI 91.3-99.9) in Group B. However, the concordance was significantly better in Group B ( P = .0027). There were significantly more misdetection cases in Group A than in Group B (15.3% in Group A; 1.2% in Group B, P = .0012) due to negative findings or past history.

Conclusion:

We detected occurrences of nausea/vomiting and diarrhea accurately using NLP. However, there were more misdetection cases in Group A due to negative findings or past history, which may have been influenced by the physicians’ more frequent documentation of nausea/vomiting.
Identifying and Validating Networks of Oncology Biomarkers Mined From the Scientific Literature
Authors: Wager Kim , Chari Dheepa , Ho Steffan , Rees Tomas , Penner Orion , Schijvenaars Bob JA
Published: March 2022

Biomarkers, as measurements of defined biological characteristics, can play a pivotal role in estimations of disease risk, early detection, differential diagnosis, assessment of disease progression and outcomes prediction. Studies of cancer biomarkers are published daily; some are well characterized, while others are of growing interest. Managing this flow of information is challenging for scientists and clinicians. We sought to develop a novel text-mining method employing biomarker co-occurrence processing applied to a deeply indexed full-text database to generate time-interval–delimited biomarker co-occurrence networks. Biomarkers across 6 cancer sites and a cancer-agnostic network were successfully characterized in terms of their emergence in the published literature and the context in which they are described. Our approach, which enables us to find publications based on biomarker relationships, identified biomarker relationships not known to existing interaction networks. This search method finds relevant literature that could be missed with keyword searches, even if full text is available. It enables users to extract relevant biological information and may provide new biological insights that could not be achieved by individual review of papers.
The Separation of the Unpaved Roads and Prioritization of Paving These Roads Using UAV Images
Authors: Mansourmoghaddam Mohammad , Ghafarian Malamiri Hamid Reza , Arabi Aliabad Fahime , Fallah Tafti Mehdi , Haghani Mohamadreza , Shojaei Saeed
Published: March 2022

Prioritization of pathways to perform asphalt pavement operations has always been one of the most important concerns for municipalities, for which, currently there is no specific planning and pattern. In the present study, using (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) UAV images, a land cover map of the case study was prepared. For this purpose, the accuracy of various object-based classification methods including the Bayes method, the Support Vector Machine (SVM), the K nearest neighbor (KNN), the Decision tree (DT), and the Random tree (RT) was investigated. Findings of the study showed that by increasing heterogeneity in the composition of the studied phenomenon in the image, different classification algorithms offer results different from each other. The obtained results of the accuracy evaluation of classification methods indicate that the SVM method with 80% kappa coefficient and 89% overall accuracy had the best performance compared to other methods. As a result, built-up land covers, bare land, vegetation cover, and paved roads were separated using this method. Then, the exact boundary of pathways was prepared using Google Earth images, and then, using the land-use map prepared from the case study, the roads were divided into two categories: paved and unpaved. To determine the prioritization of unpaved roads for applying asphalt, the proportion of built-up lands (BUL) to bare (non-built-up) lands (BL) was used in each path. Based on the obtained results, 1% of the roads in the case study was placed on a very high level of asphalt, and then 9%, 3%, 49%, 38%, were placed on a high priority to low priority, respectively.
Portacath Implantation in Ghana: Initial Experience at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi
Authors: Okyere Isaac , Okyere Perditer , Singh Sanjeev , Brenu Samuel Gyasi
Published: March 2022

Current practice for chemotherapy in most oncology departments is the use of dedicated venous access for the continuous and frequent delivery of drugs, fluids and blood products, and the monitoring of the effects of treatment. The frequent venipuncture of peripheral veins is associated with various complications and discomfort to the patients. Permanent central venous access is therefore very important. Totally Implantable Vascular Access Device (TIVAD) is a type of central venous access that utilizes the central veins; the internal jugular vein, the subclavian or the femoral veins. It is a kind of permanent central venous access where a central venous catheter is connected to a subcutaneously buried port or septum which can be accessed at any time and has the ability to stay for almost 5 years. They are therefore the preferred form of long-term central venous access in patients treated by oncology departments. We share our initial experience of 5 patients in our institution. There were 4 females and one young boy who had been diagnosed with Hemophilia. Three of the patients had new implantation, one had removal of her 5-year-old TIVAD that had been implanted in another country and one had the TIVAD accessed when she had been referred to our hospital for breast surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
No.253 Lymph Nodes Metastasis in Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis (CRLM) Patients: Incidence and Prognosis
Authors: Chang Jiang , Mao Yihao , Feng Qingyang , Chen Yijiao , Wu Qi , Zheng Peng , Zhang Zhiyuan , Yu Shanchao , Jiang Yudong , Wei Ye , Xu Jianmin , He Guodong
Published: March 2022

Background:

No.253 lymph node is the gateway to systemic metastasis for left-sided colorectal cancer. However, the value of D3 resection is still controversial. This study aimed to identify the incidence rate and prognostic value of 253LN metastasis in patients with left-sided colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) mainly through blood vessels and thus to provide theoretical basis for 253LN resection.

Methods:

From February 2012 to February 2019, a total of 281 patients who underwent curative resection for both primary and metastatic tumors were collected retrospectively. The clinicopathological and genetic characteristics were compared between 58 patients with positive 253LN and 223 patients with negative. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared with Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis and a forest plot were conducted for RFS.

Results:

The incidence of 253LN metastasis in left-sided CRLM was 20.64% (58/281). Those with 253LN positive were T4 stage, N2 stage, and D1/D2 lymph nodes metastatic. About 10.3% (8/78) 253LN positive patients were D1/D2 negative. The 253LN metastasis was an independent risk factor for relapse after curative surgery, but not for OS. Patients with 253LN metastasis had worse RFS, especially in female, adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated, pT3, preoperative serum CA199 < 37 U/mL, bilobar liver metastasis, without preoperative chemotherapy, KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF wild type.

Conclusion:

The incidence of 253LN metastasis in left-sided CRLM is 20.64%, and skip metastasis rate is 10.3%. The 253LN status is an independent prognostic risk factor for RFS but not for OS after curative surgery. Routine resection of 253LN should be applied in curative surgery of left-sided CRLM.
Tribological behaviour of SiC and AL2O3 filled glass-epoxy composite
Authors: Kolipakula Venkata Kasi Viswanadham , Aduru Chandra Sekhara Kumar , Pinninti Ravinder Reddy , Gunda Rakesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Metal glass fibre reinforced composites which are considered as advanced composite materials play a significant role in aerospace, marine and automotive industries. In the current study, an attempt has been made to examine the tribological characteristics of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite filled with aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon carbide (SiC) powder particles. Experiments were performed on pin-on-disc tribometer to evaluate the friction and wear rate as a function of normal load and sliding velocity under different conditions. For each composition of glass-epoxy composite filled with and without fillers, sliding tests were performed with normal load (20 N, 40 N, 60 N, 80 N 100 N) and sliding velocity (2.62 m/s, 4.18 m/s, 5.23 m/s, 6.85 m/s, 7.85 m/s) respectively. The metal GFRP composites were fabricated using hand-lay-up technique. The filler content (SiC & Al2O3) in epoxy-glass composite were varied. SiC was varied from 0 to 10% while Al2O3 was kept constant at 5%. To study the worn surface of glass-epoxy composite material scanning electronic microscopy is used. Before and after the experiment, weights of the composites (pin specimens) were studied on digital balance for wear loss. The present studies reported that the fabricated metal epoxy-fibre composite has performed excellent wear resistance when compared with epoxy-fibre composite without metal powders. The present work findings offer new insights into reinforcement in epoxy-glass composites with metal powders.
Creels and catenary wires: Creating community through winter lights displays
Authors: Bennett Julia
Published: March 2022

Lighting up darkness is a material practice shared across many cultures. Lighting up winter darkness is a particular concern in urban areas in order to make urban spaces feel safer and more welcoming. Temporary lights, often characterised as ‘Christmas’ or ‘Winter’ lights, are installed over the darkest period of the year (December in the northern hemisphere) in town and city centres to attract shoppers and tourists. This paper examines the lights displays installed over the Christmas/ New Year period in two British towns. In each case the lights are installed by volunteers, who also arrange a ‘switch on’ community celebration. The research argues that the architecture of the lights signifies and reinforces the identities of the communities involved. In particular, the paper examines: the importance of infrastructure for the ongoing creation of community; the creative potential of these temporary structures for community identity; and the essential materiality of community.
Adolescent self-harm: Parents’ experiences of supporting their child and help-seeking
Authors: Townsend Michelle L , Matthews Emily L , Miller Caitlin E , Grenyer Brin FS
Published: March 2022

Self-harm in children and adolescents is a growing public health issue. Parents are forefront in identifying, responding to and supporting their child to seek help. A sequential mixed-method study which included an online survey ( N = 37) and a semi-structured interview ( n = 10) was conducted to understand parents’ experiences of supporting and accessing help for their child. Parents ( M = 45.70 years, SD = 6.18) with a child who has engaged in self-harm behaviours ( M = 16.89 years, SD = 3.91) participated. Parents sought help from a range of services and perceived psychiatrists, private psychologists and friends as the most helpful and school psychologists, paediatricians, Emergency Department (ED) and the national youth mental health organisation as the least helpful. Two themes were interpreted from the qualitative data: (1) An emotional journey into the dark unknown, and (2) The promise of psychological help. A series of recommendations for other parents in similar situations, as well as health professionals were made. Parents want health professionals to provide appropriate referrals, work collaboratively with families, meaningfully connect with and validate parents, provide practical and psychological support for families and establish parent support groups. There remains a need for widely available evidence-informed resources, information and support for parents.
Pediatric intracranial pressure surveillance and quantitative outcomes in kids: (PIPSQK) Study
Authors: Wan Ryan , Morgan Madison E , Perea Lindsey L
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients remains controversial. This study aimed to characterize the association between ICP monitoring and mortality for pediatric severe TBI, hypothesizing that ICP monitoring would not be associated with improved survival.

Methods

Pediatric patients (≤14 years) presenting to Pennsylvania trauma centers from 2003 to 2018 who met severe brain injury criteria (Glasgow Coma Score <9 and Head Abbreviated Injury Scale 4–5) and presented with a blunt mechanism of injury were included. Patients presenting dead on arrival and transfer patients were excluded. Patients were categorized according to ICP monitor placement (ICP+ and ICP−). To assess the effects of ICP monitors on mortality, a multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for demographics and injury patterns was performed.

Results

A total of 802 pediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 28.7% were in ICP+ group ( n = 230) and overall mortality was 33.9% ( n = 272). Despite a higher Injury Severity Score in ICP+ compared to ICP− (33 v. 27, p < 0.001), the mortality rate was lower (22% v. 39%, p < 0.001). The ICP+ group had lower functional statuses at discharge (8 v. 18, p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression revealed that presence of an ICP monitor significantly decreased odds of mortality (adjusted odds ratio:0.57, p = 0.027).

Conclusion

While ICP monitor placement remains controversial in pediatric trauma, there appears to be an association between ICP monitor placement and decreased mortality, despite the ICP monitor group having lower functional status at discharge.
Feminist human–computer interaction: Struggles for past, contemporary and futuristic feminist theories in digital innovation
Authors: Bellini Rosanna , Meissner Janis , Finnigan Samantha Mitchell , Strohmayer Angelika
Published: March 2022

In this short paper, we introduce our Special Section in Feminist Theory titled ‘Feminist human-computer interaction: Struggles for past, contemporary and futuristic feminist theories in digital innovation’. Over the last years, we worked with the authors of the articles presented herein to bring together feminist theories with their practical application in the design, development, use and exploration of digital technologies. Our section follows three aspects: (1) an overview of past feminist histories and discourse; (2) the development of actionable, contemporary theory; and (3) speculative futures of what a feminist human-computer interaction (HCI) could be. Together with the contributing authors, we are excited to explore these areas of post-disciplinary connection at the intersection of theory, practice and activism.
A new GW-based heteroscedastic Gaussian process method for online crack evaluation
Authors: Wang Hui , Yuan Shenfang , Xu Qiuhui , Meng Yixing , Ren Yuanqiang
Published: March 2022

Accurate evaluation of fatigue crack by using structural health monitoring (SHM) methods is very important to the life management of aircraft structures. However, fatigue crack propagation is always a complicated process for individual aircraft structures during their long-term service. And the monitoring has to be performed under different environmental and operational conditions. These factors result in the uncertain distribution of the damage index obtained by SHM. The distribution usually changes along with the service time, which can be defined as heteroscedasticity. The heteroscedasticity characteristic of the uncertain distribution of damage index has an important negative impact on the SHM based diagnostics algorithms if not considered during the evaluation. However, till now, few researchers have considered this important aspect. To improve the evaluation accuracy under different environmental and operational conditions for individual aircraft, this paper proposes a new guided wave-based heteroscedastic Gaussian process method. Gaussian process quantile regression is adopted to estimate the conditional quantiles of the damage index distribution during the service to deal with the heteroscedasticity. The method is validated on an attachment lug fatigue test, an important aircraft structural component. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can quantify the heteroscedastic uncertainty associated and obviously improve the quality of crack evaluation. For the serious heteroscedastic specimen, the maximum evaluation is only 0.7 mm reduced from the original 7.4 mm, which is an order of magnitude.
Effect of shear stiffening gel rheology on its Kevlar fabric reinforced composite under low-velocity impact
Authors: Zhao Feng , Chen Heng , Gu Han , Jiang Qian , Lu Zhenqian , Wu Liwei
Published: March 2022

Shear stiffening gel (SSG) with significant shear stiffening effect overcomes the problems of fluid volatilization and particle deposition, and exhibits a wide range of application prospects in intelligent protection. In this work, SSG with different rheological properties were manufactured by mechanical blending and crosslinking and coated on Kevlar fabric. The dynamic rheological properties of SSG and the low-velocity impact resistance of Kevlar/SSG composites were investigated, and the coupling mechanism between SSG and Kevlar fabric was analyzed. The results reveal that the storage modulus of SSG increases by 3–6 orders of magnitude when shear frequency ranges from 0.1 to 100 Hz, and the highest storage modulus reached 2.53 MPa. The impact deformation of the composite is reduced after SSG stiffening, and the infiltration of SSG inside the fabric also prevents fibers pull-out during the impact process. By synergizing the performance of SSG and Kevlar fabric, the optimal single-layer T280 composite can absorb up to 70.21% of the impact energy, reaching the energy absorption efficiency of 0.5 J/g. The process optimization and rheological design provide a theoretical foundation to further enhance the impact resistance performance.
Nutrition and the elite and highly trained junior and young adult tennis player: A scoping review
Authors: Fleming James Andrew , Naughton Robert Joseph , Harper Liam David
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The primary objective of this scoping review was to examine existing evidence regarding the dietary intake and nutrition habits of elite and highly trained junior and young adult tennis players.

Methods

Systematic searches of MEDLINE, EBSCOHost and Scopus were undertaken from the earliest record to December 2021. Reference lists of articles selected were manually searched. A five-stage protocol informed by Arkey and O’Malley's framework with consideration for the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology from scoping reviews was followed.

Results

The initial searches yielded an initial 145 records following the removal of duplicates. Following the screening process 14 articles were accepted for analyses. Three major themes were identified: (1) dietary intake and negative energy balance, (2) sub-optimal nutrient intake/habits, and (3) the use and impact of dietary supplements/ergogenic aids.

Conclusion

Research indicates sub-optimal nutritional practices amongst elite and highly trained junior and young adult tennis players. Particular concerns have emerged regarding insufficient calorie consumption to support performance, growth, and wellbeing.
Trapeziectomy with or without a tendon-based adjunct: a registry-based study of 650 thumbs
Authors: Wilcke Maria K. , Evans Kajsa , Franko Mikael Andersson , Arner Marianne
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to assess the outcomes after simple trapeziectomy and trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and/or tendon interposition based on data in the Swedish national healthcare quality registry for hand surgery (HAKIR). Six-hundred and fifty thumbs were included, and 265 were assessed up to 12 months after operation. There was significant and clinically relevant improvement in patient-reported measures (pain on load, pain on motion without load, pain at rest, stiffness, weakness, and ability to perform activities of daily living and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score) and objective measures (strength and thumb mobility) at 3 and 12 months for all procedures. The use of the abductor pollicis longus tendon had better improvement in some respects compared with the use of flexor carpi radialis or extensor carpi radialis tendons. However, overall, the use of a tendon adjuncts yielded no better outcomes than simple trapeziectomy.

Level of evidence: III
Stiffness- and Bioactive Factor-Mediated Protection of Self-Assembled Cartilage against Macrophage Challenge in a Novel Co-Culture System
Authors: Donahue Ryan P. , Link Jarrett M. , Meli Vijaykumar S. , Hu Jerry C. , Liu Wendy F. , Athanasiou Kyriacos A.
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Tissue-engineered cartilage implants must withstand the potential inflammatory and joint loading environment for successful long-term repair of defects. The work’s objectives were to develop a novel, direct cartilage-macrophage co-culture system and to characterize interactions between self-assembled neocartilage and differentially stimulated macrophages.

Design:

In study 1, it was hypothesized that the proinflammatory response of macrophages would intensify with increasing construct stiffness; it was expected that the neocartilage would display a decrease in mechanical properties after co-culture. In study 2, it was hypothesized that bioactive factors would protect neocartilage properties during macrophage co-culture. Also, it was hypothesized that interleukin 10 (IL-10)-stimulated macrophages would improve neocartilage mechanical properties compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.

Results:

As hypothesized, stiffer neocartilage elicited a heightened proinflammatory macrophage response, increasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion by 5.47 times when LPS-stimulated compared to construct-only controls. Interestingly, this response did not adversely affect construct properties for the stiffest neocartilage but did correspond to a significant decrease in aggregate modulus for soft and medium stiffness constructs. In addition, bioactive factor-treated constructs were protected from macrophage challenge compared to chondrogenic medium-treated constructs, but IL-10 did not improve neocartilage properties, although stiff constructs appeared to bolster the anti-inflammatory nature of IL-10-stimulated macrophages. However, co-culture of bioactive factor-treated constructs with LPS-treated macrophages reduced TNF-α secretion by over 4 times compared to macrophage-only controls.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, neocartilage stiffness can mediate macrophage behavior, but stiffness and bioactive factors prevent macrophage-induced degradation. Ultimately, this co-culture system could be utilized for additional studies to develop the burgeoning field of cartilage mechano-immunology.
Novel imaging phenotypes of naïve asthma patients with distinctive clinical characteristics and T2 inflammation traits
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Qin Lu , Qiao Jinhan , Cheng Chongsheng , Liu Yiwen , Zhang Shengding , Fang Xiaoyu , Li Zhen , Renz Harald , Liu Xiansheng , Xia Liming , Hu Qiongjie , Xie Min
Published: March 2022

Objective:

This study aims to describe the imaging features of naïve asthma patients, defined as not receiving corticosteroids or other asthma medications for at least 1 month, and their association with therapeutic response, and to discover novel unbiased imaging phenotypes.

Methods:

A total of 109 naïve asthma patients and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Clinical data and imaging indices of high-resolution computed tomography were collected. The correlation between imaging indices and clinical features was analyzed. Cluster analyses were adopted to determine three novel imaging phenotypes.

Results:

Compared with healthy controls, naïve asthma patients presented higher scores of airway remodeling, bronchiectasis, and mucus plugs. Mean airway wall area (WA)% was inversely correlated with mid-expiratory flow velocity% predicted. The extent score of bronchiectasis was positively correlated with smoking history and significantly increased in the high mucus group. Mucus plugs were related to improving lung function and type 2 (T2) inflammation, as assessed by sputum and blood eosinophils and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide. Cluster 1 patients had a high proportion of emphysema, the best lung function, and the lowest T2 inflammation; cluster 2 patients had severe airway remodeling, relatively good lung function, and moderate T2 inflammation; cluster 3 patients had severe airway remodeling, mucus plugs, and bronchiectasis, and showed the worst lung function and highest T2 inflammation.

Conclusion:

Naïve asthma patients had the imaging traits of airway remodeling, bronchiectasis, and mucus plugs. The unbiased imaging phenotypes had good consistency with clinical characteristics, therapeutic response, and T2 inflammation expression in naïve asthma patients.
Chronic cough and weight loss in an adolescent marijuana smoker
Authors: Onorato Angela , Shapiro Jana , Griffin Lindsay , Aldulescu Monica , Arva Nicoleta C , Shah Avani
Published: March 2022

Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. As marijuana becomes legalized in more states and its use increases among adolescents, pediatricians must be aware of the impact of marijuana on pediatric health. Marijuana smoking as well as cigarette smoking has been associated with numerous lung diseases, including chronic bronchitis and bullous lung diseases. This case report postulates that regular marijuana smoking may be associated with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a severe lung disease that lacks definitive treatment and can cause respiratory failure. Given the potential risk of life-threatening lung diseases, pediatricians must screen adolescents with respiratory symptoms for marijuana use. In addition, this case underscores the need for further research and improved understanding of the relationship between marijuana smoking and lung disease.
Hyperleucocytosis as an unusual presentation of hypereosinophilic pneumonitis with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Alshehri Saleh Saad , Minhaji Bushra Iftekhar , Pasha Mohsina Reshma
Published: March 2022

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in children is a rare disease. Even with improved understanding of eosinophilic disorders and recent advances in diagnostic modalities, evaluation of hypereosinophilia remains challenging due to heterogeneous etiologic factors. In acute clinical settings, the management plan is often unclear as the condition is not encountered frequently. It is often associated with leucocytosis, but hyperleucocytosis causing multiorgan dysfunction in the absence of malignancy is rarely seen. A previously well 5-year-old boy presented to our emergency room with a 2-week history of fever, progressive cough and dyspnoea, rapidly progressing to respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Hyperleucocytosis with hypereosinophilia on peripheral blood film, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on X-ray and ground glass opacities suggested hypereosinophilic syndrome with secondary acute respiratory distress syndrome. Owing to severe and rapidly increasing leucocytosis, malignancy was highly suspected, but it was ruled out along with secondary hypereosinophilic syndrome after extensive investigations, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in this child was attributed to Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome. Eosinophilia had a dramatic response to high dose corticosteroid therapy. To conclude, in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome, possibility of progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome should be anticipated and managed accordingly.
Concurrence of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and small-cell lung cancer in bone marrow: A case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Wenyan , Guo Zhenxing
Published: March 2022

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare and almost universally fatal disease in adults. A 60-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with a 3-day history of weakness and anorexia. Physical examination revealed severe pallor without lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. The initial blood test showed a hemoglobin level of 2.6 g/dL and a platelet count of 76 × 109/L. Later the patient experienced persistent high fever for 1 week without any obvious infective symptoms. Biochemical examination revealed hyperferritinemia and low natural killer cell viability. The bone marrow morphology showed hemophagocytosis and infiltration with metastatic small-cell lung cancer. The patient was diagnosed as small-cell lung cancer-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Subsequently, she underwent chemotherapy with dexamethasone and etoposide. However, the patient succumbed within 2 weeks of presentation due to rapidly progressive disease. In conclusion, we reported the first hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis case with small-cell lung cancer. It is critical to have early identification of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in patients with small-cell lung cancer.
Neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gyang Tirisham V. , Evans John P. , Miller Joseph S. , Alcorn Kariss , Peng Juan , Bell Erica H. , Zeng Cong , Gumina Richard , Liu Shan-Lu , Segal Benjamin M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are often treated with disease modifying therapies (DMT) with immunomodulatory effects. This is of particular concern following the development of several vaccines to combat coronavirus disease 19 (COVD-19), a potentially fatal illness caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Objectives

To determine the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pwMS and the impact of disease modifying therapies (DMT) on vaccine response.

Methods

This is a prospective longitudinal study in pwMS. Longitudinal serum samples were obtained prior to, and after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. A novel neutralizing antibody (nAb) assay was used to determine nAbs titres against SARS-CoV-2 spike.

Results

We observed that (1) pwMS on B-cell depleting therapies exhibited reduced response to vaccination compared to other pwMS, correlating with time from last anti-CD20 infusion, (2) prior COVID-19 illness, DMT category, and pyramidal function were significant predictors of vaccine responsiveness, and (3) circulating absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and IgG levels correlated with nAb levels.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that pwMS exhibit reduced nAb response to mRNA vaccination dependent on DMT status and identify predictive biomarkers for vaccine efficacy. We conclude that additional vaccination strategies may be necessary to achieve protective immunity in pwMS.
Why’s Everyone on TikTok Now? The Algorithmized Self and the Future of Self-Making on Social Media
Authors: Bhandari Aparajita , Bimo Sara
Published: March 2022

The video-sharing social media platform TikTok has experienced a rapid rise in use since its release in 2016. While its popularity is undeniable, at the first glance, it seems to offer features already available on previously existing and well-established platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook. To understand processes of self-making on TikTok, we undertake two methods of data collection: a walkthrough of the app and its surrounding environment, and 14 semistructured participant interviews. A qualitative analysis of this data finds three distinct themes emerge: (1) awareness of the algorithm, (2) content without context, and (3) self-creation across platforms. These results show that TikTok departs from existing platforms in the model of self-making it engenders, which we term “the algorithmized self”—a complication of the pre-existing “networked self” framework.
The Benefits and Barriers of Sport for Children From Low-Income Settings: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Nelson Heather J. , Spurr Shelley , Bally Jill M. G.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this integrative review was to examine the existing literature about the emotional and social benefits, as well as barriers and facilitators to sport participation for children from low-income settings. Thematic analysis was performed yielding three major themes: (1) emotional benefits of sport participation; (2) social benefits of sport participation; and (3) barriers and facilitators to sport participation. Overall, the thirteen studies showed positive emotional and social benefits for sport participation; however, one study found decreased mental health and one reported no significant findings. Facilitators such as psychological safety and social support are needed to encourage sport participation as significant barriers to sport participation continue to exist for children from low-income settings. Future areas of research include more longitudinal studies related to the role of sport, the environment, coaching style, and investigation into why participation rates continue to be decreased for children from low-income settings despite added social supports.
A Critical Analysis of Managerial Control Mechanisms in Hotel Businesses
Authors: Çıvak Barış , Besler Senem
Published: March 2022

This study aims to reveal the labor exploitation and domination practices in hotels through the labor process theory. For that purpose, a qualitative approach including in-depth interviews with 10 participants was used. In this study, interview texts were analyzed via content analysis. According to the findings, labor exploitation and domination practices are classified within the framework of lack of basic rights, control, consent, and oppression mechanisms. Hotel workers are deprived of basic rights such as leaves, breaks, overtime payment, and severance pay. Their bodies and emotions have been brought under control; their works and behaviors have been standardized. The threat of dismissal, one of the most important domination practices, has a negative impact on the lives of already precarious tourism workers.
Utilization of Preconception Care and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women of West Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2021: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Amaje Elias , Fikrie Anteneh , Utura Takala
Published: March 2022

Background

Regardless of its benefit in promoting maternal health, contributing to a healthy pregnancy, little is known concerning the prevalence of utilization of preconception care and its determinant in southern Ethiopia. Hence, this study designed to determine the prevalence of utilization of preconception care and contributing factors among pregnant women in West Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among systematically selected 660 pregnant women in West Guji from June 15 to July 30, 2021. A pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data entry was done in Epidata version3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. To identify the factors associated with the utilization of preconception care binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% CI were estimated to assess the strength of associations and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Results

One hundred-forty seven, 22.3% [95% CI (19.2, 25.4)] of mothers utilized preconception care. Being college and above [(AOR = 5.51 95%CI 91.43-21.19)] and secondary [(AOR = 4.46 95%CI (1.38-14.39)] in educational status, rich [(AOR = 4.23 95%CI (1.32-13.55)], having good knowledge about preconception care [AOR = 2.34 95%CI (1.05-5.28)], having a positive attitude towards preconception care [(AOR = 9.99 95%CI (4.25-23.48)] and deciding with her husband regarding maternal health services [(AOR = 4.71 95%CI (1.91-11.56)] were factors positively affecting utilization of preconception care.

Conclusions

The utilization of preconception care in the study area is low. Being college and above and secondary in educational status, rich, good knowledge, positive attitude towards preconception care, and deciding with her husband regarding maternal health services were independent factors promoting the utilization of preconception care. Information, education, and communication activities should be strengthened to increase awareness of mothers about preconception care.