bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Panorama das startups no setor turístico brasileiro
Authors: Santos Maraiza Santana dos , Holanda Francisco Sandro Rodrigues , Santos Luiz Diego Vidal , Felizola Matheus Pereira Mattos , Florencio Márcio Manini da Silva
Published: February 2021

This research aims to present an overview of startups in the tourism business registered in the database - StartupBase. On this basis, we found startups in the data roadmap, and there are also pre-accelerated startups in the country, incubated within institutions or development companies, still in their initial phase. Besides, other Startups arise from individualized initiatives and end up not being included in the analysis of StartupBase. Thus, in this study, a scenario of data from startups in Brazil is displayed, whether in the following phases: out of operation, traction, ideation and scaleup, which identify the innovations and developed technologies. There was a higher concentration of startups in São Paulo with 65 among the 10 states. Another indicator of the categories identified was that SEBRAE Capital Empreendedor and Troposlab have a larger number with 5 startups and the segment of Events and Tourism has 218 registered startups and, among them, only 24 out of 218 have the badge of badges, which are digital emblems that symbolize competencies and achievements. All these aspects involve a discussion on the importance of startups for the country economy, specifically in the tourism business. The creation of startups is important to the increase of research, knowledge, opportunities for the job creation and mainly for the confrontation of competitiveness in the market
Tecnologia e organização da informação VI TOI 2020: Base para a criação de Laboratório de Ensino
Authors: Paletta Francisco Carlos , Silva Armando Malheiro da
Published: February 2021

The TOI – International Conference on Technology and Information Organization – is an initiative of the “Observatory of the Labor Market in Information and Documentation” research group (OMTID – CNPq) of the School of Communications and Arts of the University of São Paulo. The 4th TOI will take place in May 2018, in academic and scientific collaboration with the 15th CONTECSI FEA-USP, bringing together Information Science researchers, students and professionals - Librarianship, Archival Science and Museology, with the goal of promoting reflection and dialogue about relevant topics, as well as contributing to the integration of the academic and the professional environments, strengthening the interest in research, and sharing knowledge about the most innovative practices in this area. The program of this event covers the following fields of knowledge: Information and Knowledge Management; Technology and Information Systems; Digital Libraries and Repositories; Document Digitization, Knowledge Organization, Conservation and the Preservation of Information; Metadata; Digital Curation; Information Ethics; Digital Humanities; Labor Market and Entrepreneurship; Big Data; Data Science; Internet of Things; Artificial Intelligence.
Literatura de viagens e outras deslocações: deam- bulações reflexivas
Authors: Outeirinho Fátima
Published: February 2021

Taking as a starting point the Granta magazine, we aim to address a set of subjects that seem to constantly follow the itinerary of travel literature in a transnational framework, seeking to contribute to remembering, within the academy space, issues and challenges that arise in this field and at the level production and reception.
Электронный транспорт в модельных квазидвумерных ван-дер-ваальсовых наноустройствах
Authors: Сергеев Д.М. , Дуйсенова А.Г.
Published: February 2021

Within the framework of the density functional theory in the local density approximation and the method of nonequilibrium Green's functions, electron transport in a model nanodevice consisting of a combination of graphene, silicene, and molybdenum disulfide interconnected by van der Waals bonds is investigated. Current-voltage, dI / dV characteristics, and transmission spectra of nanodevices are calculated. It is revealed that the combination of silicene and molybdenum disulfide forms a new nanosystem with metallic properties, which are manifested in its electrical transport characteristics. It is shown that the graphene-MoS2-silicene hybrid nanostructure has rectifying properties due to the formation of a Schottky barrier, and steps of Coulomb origin appear on its current-voltage characteristic at a positive voltage.
Энергетические распределения вторичных заряженных частиц при распылении газовыми кластерными ионами
Authors: Иешкин А.Е. , Татаринцев А.А. , Киреев Д.С. , Бачурин В.И. , Рудый А.С.
Published: February 2021

We present an experimental investigation of the energy spectra of the charged particles emitted from polycrystalline copper under argon and xenon cluster ion irradiation. Positive secondary particles have significantly lower energies than in the case of sputtering with atomic argon. The spectra of the charged particles emitted under xenon cluster bombardment are systematically narrower than the corresponding ones obtained under argon cluster bombardment. The observed regularities can be explained in terms of energy transfer form a cluster to the target.
Влияние концентрации вакансий на скорость миграции границ наклона в никеле: молекулярно-динамическое моделирование
Authors: Полетаев Г.М. , Ракитин Р.Ю.
Published: February 2021

The effect of vacancy concentration on the migration rate of high-angle tilt boundaries with misorientation axes <111> and <100> in nickel was studied by the method of molecular dynamics. It is shown that the dependence of the migration rate of grain boundaries on the vacancy concentration is nonmonotonic and has a maximum at a concentration of vacancies introduced at the initial stage of about 1%. With a further increase in concentration, especially above 4%, the migration rate of the considered boundaries decreased as a result of deceleration of boundaries by low-mobility vacancy clusters attached to it, which the boundary could no longer sorb, as in the case of relatively small clusters.
Влияние состава зародышевого слоя AlGaAs на формирование антифазных доменов в структурах (Al)GaAs, выращенных газофазной эпитаксией на подложках Ge/Si(100)
Authors: Рыков А.В. , Крюков Р.Н. , Самарцев И.В. , Юнин П.А. , Шенгуров В.Г. , Зайцев А.В. , Байдусь Н.В.
Published: February 2021

GaAs-based heterostructures grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy on virtual Ge/Si substrates using an AlxGa1-xAs seed layer with different aluminum content x in the solid solution are investigated. The effect of solid solution composition on the density and size of antiphase domains emerging on the sample surface and on the optical properties of the GaAs layer is shown. Si(100) substrates with a small unintentional miscut of 0.7° to [110] were used for growth.
Days Needed to Characterize the Healthfulness of a Typical Dinner Meal in Direct Observational Research: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Tate Allan , Trofholz Amanda , Miner Michael , Berge Jerica
Published: February 2021

Background

Prior research around the home meal environment has demonstrated that family meals are associated with positive health outcomes for children and adolescents. Researchers have begun using direct observational methods to understand key aspects of family meals such as meal healthfulness and family meal frequency to explain the protective nature of family meals. Direct observational research, however, can be resource intensive and also burdensome for participants. Information about the number of days needed to sufficiently characterize typical meal healthfulness using direct observational research methods is needed.

Objective

The current study aimed to produce guidance about the number of meals necessary to approximate typical meal healthfulness at the family dinner meal occasion in a direct observational, mixed methods study of the home food environment.

Methods

Families were recruited between 2012-2013 from primary care clinics in the Minneapolis–St Paul metropolitan area (N=120). A total of 800 meals were collected as part of the Family Meals LIVE! mixed methods study. The Healthfulness of Meal Index was used to evaluate meal dietary healthfulness of foods served at 8 family meal occasions. Participating families were provided an iPad (Apple Inc) and asked to video-record 8 consecutive days of family dinner meals with a minimum of two weekend meals. After the meal, families completed a meal screener, which is a self-reported, open-ended measure of the foods served at the meal.

Results

Weekend and weekday meals differed in their measurement of meal healthfulness, indicating that at least one weekday and one weekend day are necessary to approximate meal healthfulness. Single-day measurement mischaracterized the strength of the relationship between the quality of what was served and intake by almost 50%, and 3 to 4 observation days were sufficient to characterize typical weekly meal healthfulness (r=0.94; P<.001).

Conclusions

Relatively few direct observational days of family meals data appear to be needed to approximate the healthfulness of meals across 1 week. Specifically, 1 weekday and 1 weekend observation are needed, including a total of 3 to 4 days of direct observational meal data. These findings may inform future direct observational study designs to reduce both research costs and participant burden in assessing features of the meal environment.
Cost-effectiveness of a Telemonitoring Program for Patients With Heart Failure During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong: Model Development and Data Analysis
Authors: Jiang Xinchan , Yao Jiaqi , You Joyce Hoi-Sze
Published: February 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused patients to avoid seeking medical care. Provision of telemonitoring programs in addition to usual care has demonstrated improved effectiveness in managing patients with heart failure (HF).

Objective

We aimed to examine the potential clinical and health economic outcomes of a telemonitoring program for management of patients with HF during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of health care providers in Hong Kong.

Methods

A Markov model was designed to compare the outcomes of a care under COVID-19 (CUC) group and a telemonitoring plus CUC group (telemonitoring group) in a hypothetical cohort of older patients with HF in Hong Kong. The model outcome measures were direct medical cost, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the model assumptions and the robustness of the base-case results.

Results

In the base-case analysis, the telemonitoring group showed a higher QALY gain (1.9007) at a higher cost (US $15,888) compared to the CUC group (1.8345 QALYs at US $15,603). Adopting US $48,937/QALY (1 × the gross domestic product per capita of Hong Kong) as the willingness-to-pay threshold, telemonitoring was accepted as a highly cost-effective strategy, with an incremental cost-effective ratio of US $4292/QALY. No threshold value was identified in the deterministic sensitivity analysis. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, telemonitoring was accepted as cost-effective in 99.22% of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations.

Conclusions

Compared to the current outpatient care alone under the COVID-19 pandemic, the addition of telemonitoring-mediated management to the current care for patients with HF appears to be a highly cost-effective strategy from the perspective of health care providers in Hong Kong.
Pentingnya pola asuh ibu terhadap asupan energi dan protein pada balita dengan pendapatan keluarga rendah
Authors: Pratiwi Dessy Putri , Dewanti Linda
Published: February 2021

The importance of maternal parenting to energy and protein intake in children in a low-income familyBackground: Energy and protein insufficiency was still a major problem for Indonesian children, especially for those who live in rural areas. Objective: This study aimed to find the important role of mothers on their children's intakes in low-income families in the village of Tasikmalaya, West Java. Methods: The study was an observational research with a cross-sectional design. 120 children (6 months to 5 years old) were randomly selected from the list of children in the area. Children's intake was measured using a 2x24 hour food recall questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data were analyzed using correlation test (Spearman rho), and multiple linear regression test significance was set at p-value <0,005. Results: The majority of the children (83.3%) consumed less than four types of food (staple foods, side dishes, vegetables, and fruits), 58.3% ate the main menu <3 times/day, 13.3% of the children had low energy intake, and 7.5% had low protein intake. Although a majority of the children had normal nutritional status, 5.8% were categorized as wasting, and 2.5% overweight. There was a positive correlation between frequency of eating with energy and protein intakes of children (p=0.006; p=0.035). Types of food did not correlate to the energy and protein intakes of the children. Mother's education, children's age, and history of illness are factors that influence the energy and protein intake of the children. Conclusions: Maternal parenting (frequency of eating) correlated to the energy and protein intake of the children.
Pembuatan Alat Pengukur Keempukan Daging (Meat Shear Force) dari Modifikasi Dudukan Alat Bor (Vertical Drill Stand)
Authors: Mugianton Mugianton , Wahyudi Bambang
Published: February 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan alat pengukur keempukan daging/meat shear force (MSF). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan peralatan laboratorium yang lebih murah, bermanfaat dan dapat diaplikasikan pada kegiatan praktikum maupun penelitian.   Alat ini merupakan modifikasi dudukan bor /vertikal drill stand dengan  menambahkan : dudukan timbangan/scales holder, dudukan plat pemotong dan penutup alas. Penelitian diawali dari membuat rancangan dan menggambar desain alat, persiapan alat, bahan dan proses pembuatan, uji coba kinerja alat, menyusun instruksi kerja, evaluasi alat menggunakan kuisoner dari responden mahasiswa. Data pengukuran oleh responden mahasiswa menggunakan alat meat shear force (MSF) dan alat Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) pada sampel sosis merek tertentu menunjukkan nilai rerata keempukan relatif sama sekitar 0,8 kg/cm2, sehingga alat pengukur keempukan daging dapat digunakan untuk menentukan nilai keempukan suatu sampel dengan baik.
Penggunaan Beberapa Jenis Tinta untuk Menggantikan Tinta Tryphan Blue dalam Pengamatan Kolonisasi Mikoriza
Authors: Hadianur Hadianur
Published: February 2021

Pupuk hayati mikoriza merupakan salah satu  pupuk  yang digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah pada tanah  marginal. Mikoriza berpotensi memfasilitasi penyediaan berbagai unsur hara bagi tanaman terutama unsur Phospor (P). Perbaikan pertumbuhan dan kenaikan hasil berbagai tanaman berkaitan dengan peningkatan penyerapan unsur hara  P untuk tanaman. Penggunaan mikoriza pada tanaman yang dibudidayakan terlebih dahulu harus diuji apakah akar yang digunakan sebagai inokulannya terkolonisasi mikoriza atau tidak, karena jika akar yang digunakan tidak terkolonisasi mikoriza maka tidak akan terjadi kolonisasi jamur pada akar tanaman target. Konsekuensinya pupuk P yang tersedia di tanah tidak dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tanaman. Trypan Blue (C34H24N6Na4O14S4) merupakan bahan kimia yang biasa digunakan untuk pengamatan kolonisasi mikoriza. Senyawa ini digunakan untuk mempermudah pengamatan terhadap akar yang terkolonisasi mikoriza. Pada dasarnya penggunaan Trypan Blue berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia sehingga diperlukan satu tehnik yang aman dan tidak berbahaya serta murah untuk proses pewarnaan akar pada pengamatan kolonisasi akar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tinta yang beredar di pasaran dan mudah didapat dengan harga yang terjangkau untuk menggantikan tinta Tryphan Blue dalam pengamatan kolonisasi mikoriza. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial dengan 5 ulangan. Jenis tinta yang digunakan terdiri dari Tinta Quink Parker, Epson C664, Aiflo biru dan e-Print. Pengamatan yang diamati adalah perbandingan kolonisasi akar mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  jenis tinta berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap perbandingan pengamatan kolonisasi  akar/kolonisasi mikoriza dan persentase kolonisasi akar. Jenis tinta Quink Parker biru dan Epson C 664 merupakan tinta yang dapat menggantikan tinta Tryphan Blue pada pengamatan kolonisasi  mikoriza.
A prospective, randomized, controlled, crossover study comparing three multilayered foam dressings for the management of chronic wounds
Authors: Alvarez Oscar M , Granick Mark S , Reyzelman Alexander , Serena Thomas
Published: February 2021

Aim:
Compare foam dressings – Mepilex Border Flex (MxBF), Allevyn Life (AL) and Optifoam Gentle EX (OGEX) – in treatment of chronic wounds.
Materials & methods:
Prospective, randomized, controlled trial (crossover design). Subjects received one dressing for 2 weeks, then comparator dressing for following 2 weeks. Wound/periwound characteristics evaluated weekly at dressing change. Primary end point: dressing durability (incidence of exudate strikethrough).
Results:
Higher incidence of intact dressings (no strikethrough) at Day 7 (Week 1) with MxBF (6/17; 35.3%) compared with AL (1/18; 5.6%), and with MxBF (7/16; 43.8%) compared with OGEX (2/16; 12.5%; p < 0.05). No significant differences between groups regarding wound size reduction.
Conclusion:
MxBF had statistically greater durability than AL/OGEX during first critical week of treatment.
The New evidence for the Palaeolithic on the island of Gökçeada (Imbros), North Eastern Aegean
Authors: Erdogu Burcin , Yücel Nejat Eyüp , Demir Kerem
Published: February 2021

Eksino, on the island of Gökçeada (Imbros) in the Northeast Aegean, is a new open-air site with evidence of Palaeolithic cultural remains. Stone tools collected by an initial survey have clarified an assessment of the site from the Lower Palaeolithic, and brought to light new evidence from the Middle Palaeolithic as well as transition to the Upper Palaeolithic. Eksino is probably one of the most significant Lower Palaeolithic tool collections in the North Aegean, and finds such as chopper or chopping tools and Acheulean bifacial handaxes from the site show that the North Aegean may be another possible dispersal route from hominids to Europe via the East and Northeast Mediterranean during the Lower Palaeolithic. Middle Palaeolithic finds are frequent in the site and finds resemble the typical Mousterian type which is characterized by discoidal cores, Levallois cores and flakes, scrapers, denticulates, notches and points. Upper Palaeolithic finds are rare in the site, and a bifacial leaf point and large crescent-shaped backed pieces made on blades may reveal the presence of the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition on the island. This new data from Palaeolithic Gökçeada is likely to fill key geographic gaps associated with the initial dispersal of hominins through the northeast Aegean islands.
Differential equations of equilibrium of continuous medium for plane one-dimensional deformation at closing equations approximation by biquadratic functions
Authors: Bakushev Sergey V.
Published: February 2021

Problems of differential equations construction of equilibrium of a geometrically and physically nonlinear continuous medium under conditions of one-dimensional plane deformation are considered, when the diagrams of volumetric and shear deformation are approximated by quadratic functions. The construction of physical dependencies is based on calculating the secant moduli of volumetric and shear deformation. When approximating the graphs of the volumetric and shear deformation diagrams using two segments of parabolas, the secant shear modulus in the first segment is a linear function of the intensity of shear deformations, the secant modulus of volumetric expansion - contraction is a linear function of the first invariant of the strain tensor. In the second section of the diagrams of both volumetric and shear deformation, the secant shear modulus is a fractional (rational) function of the shear strain intensity, the secant modulus of volumetric expansion - compression is a fractional (rational) function of the first invariant of the strain tensor. Based on the assumption of independence, generally speaking, from each other of the volumetric and shear deformation diagrams, six main cases of physical dependences are considered, depending on the relative position of the break points of the graphs of the diagrams volumetric and shear deformation, each approximated by two parabolas. The differential equations of equilibrium in displacements constructed in the article can be applied in determining the stressed and deformed state of a continuous medium under conditions of one-dimensional plane deformation, the closing equations of physical relations for which, constructed on the basis of experimental data, are approximated by biquadratic functions.
Adhesion to concrete of new types of rebar rolled products for construction
Authors: Okolnikova Galina E. , Tikhonov Georgy I. , Grishin Grigorii E.
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the background and history of the emergence of innovative, popular today, types of rebar for construction, their distinctive features and quality indicators, the methodology and results of various studies conducted on the basis of NIIZHB named after A.A. Gvozdev of JSC Research Center of Construction and LLC Technological Institute VNIIzhelezobeton . The purpose of this article is to introduce new types of innovative rebar products and demonstrate their advantages. For the tests, the results and methods of which are given in the article, test rolls of rebar with a four-row screw profile were made. In terms of strength and deformability of adhesion to concrete, the reinforcement with multi-row (four-row and six-row) reinforcement profiles significantly surpassed the reinforcement with two-row crescent (European) and screw (GEWI-Stahl analog) profiles. It has demonstrated high adhesion to concrete not only in the operational, but also in the extreme stage of deformation of the reinforcement. This article discusses the background and history of the emergence of innovative, popular today, types of rebar for construction, their distinctive features and quality indicators, the methodology and results of various studies conducted on the basis of NIIZHB named after A.A. Gvozdev of JSC Research Center of Construction and LLC Technological Institute VNIIzhelezobeton . The purpose of this article is to introduce new types of innovative rebar products and demonstrate their advantages. For the tests, the results and methods of which are given in the article, test rolls of rebar with a four-row screw profile were made. In terms of strength and deformability of adhesion to concrete, the reinforcement with multi-row (four-row and six-row) reinforcement profiles significantly surpassed the reinforcement with two-row crescent (European) and screw (GEWI-Stahl analog) profiles. It has demonstrated high adhesion to concrete not only in the operational, but also in the extreme stage of deformation of the reinforcement.
Capacity of roller mill for cement grinding
Authors: Kalyagina Nadezhda V. , Karpukhin Ivan I. , Kornilova Anna V. , Silverstov Igor N.
Published: February 2021

Engineering for the cement industry is part of the heavy industry. The cement industry is the main supplier of raw materials for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete. For grinding cement, two types of mills are used - ball and roller. Recent decades have proven the great effectiveness of a vertical roller mill for grinding raw materials. Its effectiveness, combined with the implementation of drying, grinding and separation in one unit, gives it an undeniable advantage over a ball mill. This explains the significant increase in the share of roller mills in the cement mill market. The grinding process in such mills occurs due to abrasion, respectively, in the process of work wear of the rubbing parts of the mill occurs. The work evaluated the performance of a mill with smooth disk rolls. During the study, the cause of the destruction of the sectors of the mill produced by FLSmidth, operating in the Russian Federation, was identified. The study revealed the causes of the destruction of the details of the roller mill: with the simultaneous impact of the workload and the displacement of the sectors resulting from intensive wear, the total equivalent stresses exceed the value of the endurance limit under cyclic loading. Therefore, the accumulation of fatigue damage to the material, the formation and growth of cracks, which adversely affects the performance of the mill. A number of measures have been proposed to increase the operability of mills of this design.
Geometric nonlinear analysis of thin elastic paraboloid of revolution shaped shells with radial waves
Authors: Gil-oulbé Mathieu , Markovich Aleksey S. , Ngandu Prosper , Anosova Svetlana V.
Published: February 2021

From the old ancient types of roof and dome construction, various forms of shells have been discovered which attract special attention. A shell is a structure composed of sheet material so that the curvature plays an important role in the structural behaviour, realizing its spatial form. There are different types of shells, namely thick and thin shells. G. Brankov, S.N. Krivoshapko, V.N. Ivanov, and V.A. Romanova made interesting researches of shells in the form of umbrella and umbrella-type surfaces. The term nonlinear refers to a given structure undergoing a change in stiffness in its loaded state. There are basically three different types of nonlinearities: geometric, physical and contact (boundary condition nonlinearity). For further analysis of the stress-strain state, a paraboloid with an inner radius of 4 m and an outer radius of 20 m and the number of waves equal to 6 was considered. The test shell is made of reinforced concrete. The minimum load parameter at which the shell loses stability indicates a more than three times the margin.
Analysis of thiram derivatives use in plant complex of the Kursk region
Authors: Korolev Vladimir A. , Medvedeva Olga A. , Ryadnova Vera A. , Losenok Sergey A. , Nikitina Ekaterina S. , Korolev Ivan V.
Published: February 2021

The impact on the biosphere of anthropogenic factors is a serious environmental problem. Today, pesticides are becoming one of the important chemical factors that cause adverse environmental changes. Pesticides enter the human body through a contaminated hydrosphere, atmosphere, and food. Modern man is not able to grow and maintain crops without the use of pesticides. Penetrating into the human body, they cumulate, thereby contributing to the creation of threatening health situations. Despite this, modern human civilization cannot do without them. The purpose of the review was to study the circulation volume of derivatives of thiram, such as vitalon, vitavaks, vitasil, vitaros, tir and TMTD (Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide) in the agricultural complex of the Kursk region for the period 2007-2016. The data obtained at the Kursk Regional Plant Protection Station, as well as agrochemical protection station Kurskaya, were subjected to statistical analysis using the application Statistica 6.0. Circulating volumes of thiram's derivatives were examined in agro-industrial complex of Kursk area over a 10-year period. The proportion of fungicides of thiram's series with the release of agrochemicals dominant in the structure of seed crops cultivation technologies was investigated. A study of the structure of sown areas with the allocation of priority crops grown in the region was conducted, the total number of which amounted 80.76%. The ranking of the region by thirams derivatives was made. All studied fungicidal products of thiram are widely used for the cultivation of crops in the Kursk region. Identified regions with the biggest amount of making this group of agrochemicals in the soil are treated as high anthropogenic load zone and require the development of environmental protection. The volume of circulation of the studying group of pesticides can be dangerous to humans and animals, influence the formation of peoples somatic pathologies.
Life condition assessment of scotch pine in the area of location of municipal solid waste landfill “Zhiroshkino”
Authors: Baeva Yulia I. , Kamaletdinova Kamilya R.
Published: February 2021

The bioindication method is used to assess the general vital condition of coniferous phytocoenoses growing at different distances (0.25, 0.75, 1.4, 2.4 km) from municipal solid waste landfill Zhiroshkino (Moscow region, Domodedovo district). The object of study is ordinary pine ( Pinus sylvestris L. ), as the most sensitive to the action of pollutants and often used in Russia phytoindicator. The state of generative organs (number of old and new cones, increase of shoots), defoliation and depigmentation class were selected as diagnostic indicators; the category of vital condition was determined and the stand state index was calculated. It was found out that closed objects of production and consumption waste disposal have a negative impact on the stand of an ordinary pine tree. Thus, trees growing at a distance of 250 m from the landfill within its sanitary-protective zone, according to the stand status index are characterized as strongly weakened. At the distance from the waste landfill the tendency of increasing the number of healthy trees in the structure of phytocoenosis was recorded, and their vital condition was assessed as weakened by the growing stock. The index of stand condition, classes of defoliation and depigmentation, the number of generative organs have reached the control values (Kuzminsky Forest Park, the prevailing category of weakened trees) at the distance of 2.4 km from the disposal site. However, the values of these indicators are much lower than the background ones (Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve, the prevailing category healthy trees) for all studied coniferous phytocoenoses. The conclusion is made about the possibility of bioindication method using morphological features of ordinary pine as an express method of assessment of negative impact of waste disposal objects on the environment.
Water quality assessment of La Tembladera wetland in Ecuador using Water Quality Index
Authors: Arias Ordonez Priscila Jackeline
Published: February 2021

In developing countries, tropical wetlands are essential for human livelihoods since they storage and provide freshwater for domestic, industrial, and agricultural uses. Unfortunately, tropical wetlands are subjected to anthropogenic impacts, such as direct discharge of municipal, industrial and livestock wastewater, leading to water pollution, and thus, affecting directly or indirectly people's health. Therefore, water quality assessment of these unique ecosystems using practical tools, such as Water Quality Index (WQI) is of great importance. This study aims to assess the water quality of one tropical Ramsar wetland La Tembladera for human consumption in wet and dry tropical seasons using WQI. This index was calculated using the following physical, chemical, and biological parameters: potential hydrogen (pH), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chloride ions (Cl-), sulfates (SO42-), nitrates (NO3-), iron (Fe2+), Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), and Clostridium perfringens ( C. perfringens ). The WQI calculations revealed high values for the wet and dry tropical seasons, displaying values of 416.63 and 427.1, respectively. The obtained values indicate that the water of La Tembladera wetland is unsuitable for human consumption. These results might be valuable for legislative decision-makers to develop further recommendations and plans to improve the water quality, either for drinking purposes or other needs.
Engaging, Affirming, Nurturing Inclusive Environment: A Grounded Theory Study in the Philippine Context
Authors: Princess Zarla J. Raguindin Princess Zarla J. , Custodio Zhanina U. , Bulusan Ferdinand
Published: February 2021

Implementing the tenets of inclusive education in different countries may be diverse because of varying interpretations, contexts, and ways of application. In the Philippines, studies that delve into the kind of environment involving Filipino children with special needs are scarce. Thus, through a grounded theory approach, this qualitative paper aims at developing a framework as a means of understanding inclusive environments thriving in an inclusive Philippine setting. Thirty-two special education teachers from three private schools were interviewed, the data being triangulated through class observations. The emerging theory encapsulated three major dimensions to understand concepts of inclusive environment: engaging environment, affirming environment, and nurturing environment. An engaging environment points to having high-standard learning outcomes, promoting collaboration and communication among learners, teachers, and parents, and involving them in decision-making. An affirming environment, on the other hand, denotes practicing expressive and receptive languages, imbibing the sacred worth of class members, and celebrating diversity. Finally, a nurturing environment can be achieved through interdependence and care for the needs of everyone. These dimensions are inter-related and are not standalone. This paper advances that success in the diversified Philippine inclusive classroom context can be achieved through the interdependence of school community members. The question of the significance of the inclusive practices and principles should not be the primary concern of a particular context. Rather, involvement and interdependence to achieve an engaging, affirming, and nurturing environment matter. Ramifications to micro and macro integration of inclusion that support inclusive environments are also discussed.
Covid 19 and ECMO support after neonatal congenital heart surgery: a case report
Authors: Çiçek Murat , Onalan Mehmet , Yurtseven Nurgul
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) causes respiratory and systemic
disease, has led to a sudden epidemic that affects people of all ages.
The presence of cardiovascular comorbidities is associated with a higher
risk of death. Therefore, patients with congenital heart disease
represent a high risk population. When respiratory failure develops and
mechanical ventilation is not sufficient due to Covid 19, extracorporeal
membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may use as a form of rescue therapy. In this
article, we present a newborn who required ECMO support for acute
respiratory failure in the early postoperative period due to coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2) after the aortic arch repair and ventricular septal
defect closure operation. To the best of our knowledge, this patient was
the first neonate case of SARS-CoV-2 infection after congenital heart
surgery and was the youngest patient to receive ECMO support.
High Incidence Of Fever In Patients After BioIntegral Pulmonic Valved Conduit Implantation
Authors: Selcuk Arif , Kılıç Yiğit , Korun Oktay , Yurdakök Okan , Çiçek Murat , Altin Firat , Altuntas Yasemin , Yilmaz Emine Hekim , Sasmazel Ahmet , Aydemir Numan
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe our short-term outcomes
using BioIntegral pulmonic conduit. METHODS Between August 2018 and
September 2019, the BioIntegral pulmonic valved conduit was used for
right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in 48 patients. The data
was retrospectively retrieved from the patient charts. RESULTS The
median age at the operation was 36 months (IQR:18-62 months). The
diagnoses were PA-VSD in 28 patients, absent pulmonary valve in four
patients, truncus arteriosus in six patients, TGA-VSD-PS in five
patients, conduit stenosis in three patients and LVOT obstruction
requiring Ross operation in two patients. In the postoperative follow-up
15 patients out of 48 had high fever. Out of these, 12 patients had
concomitantly elevated CRP levels. There were no patients with blood
culture positivity. The median postoperative length of hospital stay was
14 days (IQR:8-21 days). The overall mortality was recorded in 2
patients (4 %), one died due to right ventricular failure and multiple
organ failure and one died due to pulmonary embolism. The two patients
who died were not among the 15 patients with fever. CONCLUSIONS There
was high incidence of fever and adverse outcomes in the short-term
postoperative follow-up of the patients in whom the BioIntegral pulmonic
valved conduit was implanted. Caution is advisable in using these
conduits until there is convincing evidence about the sterilisation and
storage standards of these grafts.
Effects of Supervised Versus Unsupervised Aerobic Exercise Training on Weight Loss, Functional Capacity, Quality of Life and Depression Level in Patients With Essential Hypertension
Authors: Albayrak İlknur , Kaya İlyas , Güleç Ayşe , Kara Hasan , Batur Elif Balevi , Levendoğlu Funda
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a supervised
aerobic exercise training program on weight loss, functional capacity,
quality of life(QoL) and depression level in patients with essential
hypertension. Methods: This is a prospective study. Patients who chose
the treatment type according to personal preferences were divided into
two groups: Group 1(n:91) exercised for six weeks, five sessions per
week under the supervision of a medical doctor in the aerobic exercise
laboratory and group 2(n:47) declared to perform a walking in the free
time, at least twice a week, but without supervision. Body weight, serum
lipid levels, functional capacity, QoL, and depression level of all the
participants were evaluated at the pre-treatment period and the
post-treatment 6th week. Results: When the two groups were compared, a
significant increase in the six-minute walk test(6MWT) distance and
SF-36 subscales of physical function, role physical, physical component
summary, vitality, role emotional and mental component summary in Group
1 at the post-treatment 6th week was found in Group 1. There was a
significant reduction in the resting systolic blood pressure(SBP),
weight, body mass index and Beck Depression Inventory scores between
pre-treatment and post-treatment 6th week in Group 1. There was a
significant increase in the METs, 6MWT, SF-36 subscales of physical
function, role physical, physical component summary, vitality, role
emotional and mental component summary scores between pre-treatment and
post-treatment 6th week in Group 1. Conclusion: Supervised aerobic
exercise training of 6 weeks duration is more effective than
unsupervised aerobic exercise training for the functional capacity and
QoL in patients with hypertension. Supervised aerobic exercise as
antihypertensive lifestyle therapy should be recommended for patient
compliance, absence of adverse incidents, and its positive impact on
resting SBP, weight, functional capacity, QoL, and depression level in
patients with hypertension.
Screening potential insect vectors in a museum biorepository reveals undiscovered diversity of plant pathogens in natural areas
Authors: Trivellone Valeria , Wei Wei , Filippin Luisa , Dietrich Christopher
Published: February 2021

Phytoplasmas (Mollicutes, Acholeplasmataceae), vector-borne obligate
bacterial plant-parasites, infect nearly 1,000 plant species and unknown
numbers of insects, mainly leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Deltocephalinae),
which play a key role in transmission and epidemiology. Although the
plant-phytoplasma-insect association has been evolving for
>300 million years, nearly all known phytoplasmas have been
discovered as a result of the damage inflicted by phytoplasma diseases
on crops. Few efforts have been made to study phytoplasmas occurring in
non-economically important plants in natural habitats. In this study, a
sub-sample of leafhopper specimens preserved in a large museum
biorepository was analyzed to unveil potential new associations. PCR
screening for phytoplasmas performed on 227 phloem-feeding leafhoppers
collected worldwide from natural habitats revealed the presence of 6
different previously unknown phytoplasma strains. This indicates that
museum collections of herbivorous insects represent a rich and largely
untapped resource for discovery of new plant pathogens, that natural
areas worldwide harbor a diverse but largely undiscovered diversity of
phytoplasmas and potential insect vectors, and that independent
epidemiological cycles occur in such habitats, posing a potential threat
of disease spillover into agricultural systems. Larger-scale future
investigations will contribute to a better understanding of phytoplasma
genetic diversity, insect host range, and insect-borne phytoplasma
transmission and provide an early warning for the emergence of new
phytoplasma diseases across global agroecosystems.
Toxoplasma gondii Infection by Serological and Molecular Methods in Schizophrenia Patients with and without Suicide Attempts: An Age-Sex-Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Akgül Özer , Demirel Ömer Faruk , Aksoy Cana Poyraz , Aydın Ezgi Tanrıöver , Uysal Nuray , Bulu Ersel , Sapmaz Burcu , Çalışkan Reyhan , Öner Yaşar Ali
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The opinion that latent T. gondii infection is having a
broadly asymptomatic projection has now been interrogated, in specific
due to the echoed association between the latent infection and an
elevated incidence of schizophrenia or even suicide attempts.
Notwithstanding conducted studies aimed to understand this feasible link
are restricted. Methods: In the present case-control study, we focused
to illuminate the relationship between the serological and molecular
presence of T. gondii and schizophrenia with or without the suicide
attempts by comparing it with healthy individuals. A total of 237
participants (117 in schizophrenia; 120 in healthy control) were
included in this study. Results: Overall, latent T. gondii infections
were found statistically higher in 63 (53.8%) of the 117 patients with
schizophrenia and in 33 (27.5%) of the 120 controls (p <
0.001). In schizophrenia patients, seroprevalence T. gondii was again
found to be statistically higher in suicide attempters (59.6%),
compared to no history of suicide attempts (48.3%) (p <
0.05). The molecular positivity rate of T. gondii DNA was higher in the
schizophrenia group, compared to the healthy control group (p
< 0.05), whereas the history of suicide attempts was not
statistically associated (p = 0.831) with T. gondii DNA positivity by
PCR. Conclusion: This case-control study enlightens additional
demonstration to the belief that T. gondii infection would be an
underlying component for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Regardless of the clarity results of this study, this supposition
warrants further endorsement.
From PurUUpurU to Cytokine Storm to Hyperviscosity, Thrombosis and Other Complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Sloop Gregory , Ryckman Brent , Pop Gheorghe , Weidman Joseph , Cyr John St.
Published: February 2021

Background: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated
with pathological elevations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ) and
interleukin 6 (IL-6). These cause extreme elevations of the acute phase
reactant fibrinogen and plasma viscosity. Severe COVID-19 is also
associated with poorly understood complications including a high
incidence of arterial and venous thrombosis despite prophylactic
anticoagulation, silent hypoxemia, pulmonary microvascular thrombosis,
excess neutrophil extracellular trap formation, encephalopathy, and
cardiac dysfunction. Aims: To investigate the cause of this pathological
inflammatory response, the authors determined the number of
purine-uridine-uridine-purine-uridine (purUUpurU) motifs in the genomes
of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and
other RNA viruses. This motif is the precursor to the oligonucleotide
which is the minimal motif required to activate inflammation via
toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8). A genome containing the same nucleotides in
SARS-CoV-2 in random order was used as a control. Result: PurUUpurU
occurred 2.8 times more often in the actual SARS-CoV-2 genome than the
randomized genome. The number of purUUpurU motifs correlates with the
severity of the acute illnesses caused by the RNA viruses examined,
except for influenza A. Conclusion: Hyperactivation of TLR8 mediated
inflammation by purUUpurU may cause pathological inflammation in
COVID-19. Marked elevations of TNF-ɑ, IL-6, and fibrinogen will cause
erythrocyte aggregation and increase blood viscosity. This promotes
thrombosis and decreases tissue perfusion. Therapeutic plasmapheresis
reduces blood hyperviscosity and should be used in severe COVID-19. To
date, use of this therapy has only been reported in COVID-19 associated
thrombosis.
Risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection associated with tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children
Authors: Lin Fuzhi , Wu Rongrong , Xu Bin , Liu Jia , Bi Jing , Fu Yong
Published: February 2021

Background: Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (TFBA) is a major
cause of death in children. There are few reports about lower
respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by TFBA. This study collected
the TFBA in our hospital to analyze the LRTI and to determine its risk
factors. Methods: A total of 194 children who were performed TFBA
extraction in The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of
Medicine between June 2019 and April 2020 were enrolled. The clinical
data, cervicothoracic CT and operation records were collected.
Chi-square test, rank sum test and multivariate logistics regression
analysis were applied. Results: The incidence of LRTI was 46.6%, 68.6%
and 68.6% respectively when retention time was within 24 hours, 1 week
and more than 1 week. Cervicothoracic CT showed embedding site in and
above trachea in 24 cases, in main bronchus in 134 cases, in segmental
bronchus and below in 36 cases. Cervicothoracic CT showed no obvious
abnormality in 60 cases, obstructive emphysema or atelectasis in 77
cases, obstructive pneumonia in 50 cases, and the rest in 7 cases.
Cervicothoracic CT diagnosis and retention time of TFBA were different
between LRTI group and non-LRTI group in univariate analysis. There was
a correlation between the retention time of TFBA and LRTI in
multivariate logistics regression analysis. Conclusionss: The incidence
of LRTI caused by TFBA is high. There was no difference in the incidence
of LRTI between organic and inorganic TFBA. The retention time of TFBA
is an independent risk factor for LRTI.