bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel measurement of fabric bending anisotropy
Authors: Liu Chengxia
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Under the widely used testing methods for fabric bending behavior, only one result for one direction can be obtained by using one fabric which is low efficient. To obtain fabric bending anisotropy, it is necessary to conduct a great many testing experiments. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a novel, efficient and visual method that can measure fabric bending anisotropy.

Design/methodology/approach

Fabrics are first cut into special shapes with eight strips including four directions, 0°(warp direction), 90°(weft direction), 45 and 135°(true bias), then are put onto the self-designed instrument. After that a camera is used to take picture from the right above the prism. New parameters, projection area, projection length, projection length, falling height and falling index (S, L, H and I in short) are obtained. Furthermore, standard deviation of them (SDS, SDL, SDH and SDI in short) are extracted for the characterization of bending anisotropy.

Findings

Results show that the new method has good feasibility and S, L and I can be used to express fabric bending property well. Of all the four new parameters, SDL has the highest correlation with SD of bending length, SDS the second and SDH the third. That is, SDL can characterize bending anisotropy best. Taken convenience of data acquisition and correlation into consideration, bending length L is the best parameter. Average L and SDL in four directions can be combined to express the comprehensive bending behavior of fabrics.

Originality/value

The new method can measure and characterize both the fabric bending property and bending anisotropy. Besides its high efficiency, it can display fabric bending or bending anisotropy visually and directly.
A review of the literature on the metaverse: definition, technologies, and user behaviors
Authors: Zhou Zhongyun , Chen Zidie , Jin Xiao-Ling
Published: September 2023

Purpose

As a sociotechnical system, the metaverse has sparked heated discussion. However, concerns abound that the concept is “old wine in a new bottle” used for capital hype. The mixed definitions of the metaverse and unclear relationships between its technical features and user behaviors have greatly impeded its design and application. Therefore, the authors aim to sort out the metaverse definition and properties, analyze its technical features in various contexts and unveil the mechanisms leading to user behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct a literature review on the definition, technical features and user behaviors of/in the metaverse.

Findings

First, the authors identify two main categories of the metaverse definition and find a mixed conceptualization. Second, the authors present technologies and technical features in the diverse contexts of the metaverse. Third, the authors summarize the effect of technical features on user behaviors from a sociotechnical perspective.

Originality/value

The authors analyze the definition, technical features, user behaviors of the metaverse and their theoretical foundations. Based on these findings, the authors propose a theoretical framework unveiling how social and technical elements affect user behaviors in the metaverse. In conclusion, the study offers a research agenda for future studies.
From SNS stressors’ perspectives to understand prosocial behavior: a contingency model
Authors: Hsu Li-Chun , Kao Hsin-Yi
Published: September 2023

Purpose

With the high penetration rate of the Internet and the prevalence of social networking sites (SNSs), the negative emotions caused by stressors on SNS have become an important issue worthy of attention. This study explored the relationship between SNS stressors, negative emotions and prosocial behavior, by employing negative emotions as the mediation role and social support as the moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

The samples of this study were Facebook users who have used it constantly in the past six months. An online survey was conducted, from which 547 responses were completed, and 525 were valid, for an effective recovery ratio of 95.98%.

Findings

Employing the structural equation model (SEM), the findings show that five paths were supported with a good fit. Negative emotions (anxiety and loneliness) have a moderating effect.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by factors divided by negative emotions of anxiety and loneliness from SNS stressors’ perspectives. In addition, this study provides additional support the moderating effect of social support of anxiety on prosocial behavior.
Generation AI and family business: a perspective article
Authors: Lannon Finn , Lyons Roisin , O'Connor Christina
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This perspective article responds to the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) as a significant opportunity for growth among family businesses, highlighting the need for future research to attain a clear picture of the next generation of family business successors.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a literature review of current technology adoption within family businesses. The authors offer some research insight to spur critical thinking and discourse around the impact of AI on family business successors.

Findings

Family businesses are initially skeptical of AI technology. However, its use and adoption are crucial for the survival of the family business. To leverage this technology, the authors need to investigate the role of the family business successors as “Gen AI.”

Originality/value

It is challenging but necessary to develop policies and educational support for successors to ensure the survival of family businesses worldwide. The authors propose four key areas of future research.
Facades of conformity and cyberloafing: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Ye Hongyan , Qian Xiaoye
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Despite previous research highlighting the consequences of facades of conformity (FOC) on attitudes, emotions and feelings, little is known about their negative effects on behaviors. This study draws on the job stress process model to examine the association between FOC and cyberloafing and explores how anxiety functions as an underlying mechanism affecting cyberloafing.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 185 employees from Chinese organizations participated in a two-wave questionnaire survey.

Findings

The study found a positive relationship between FOC and cyberloafing and noted that anxiety mediates this relationship. The research also identified that performance–avoidance goal orientation moderates the relationship between FOC and anxiety, as well as the indirect effects of the FOC–cyberloafing relationship via anxiety.

Practical implications

The research findings demonstrate that FOC is positively associated with anxiety and cyberloafing. The disruptive nature of FOC in the workplace has been revealed. Furthermore, this study provides valuable suggestions for managers on how to reduce employee FOC and cyberloafing.

Originality/value

Using the job stress process model, this study investigates whether (main effect), how (a mediating mechanism) and when (boundary condition) FOC drives cyberloafing, deepening the understanding of the relationship between FOC and cyberloafing.
Commentary: Strength-based co-design that EMPOWERs – Lessons from codesigning with older adults
Authors: Figueiredo Bernardo , Aleti Torgeir , Martin Diane M. , Reid Mike , Sheahan Jacob , Hjorth Larissa
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to address the existing gap in co-design frameworks by introducing the EMPOWER framework, a strength-based co-design methodological approach specifically designed to tackle the key empowerment challenges associated with co-designing alongside individuals experiencing vulnerability. The purpose of this study is to provide a set of easy-to-remember empowering guidelines to enhance the co-design process.

Design/methodology/approach

EMPOWER is based on lessons from the field, through five years of working with older adults.

Findings

The framework includes seven guidelines to overcome common challenges in co-design research. The acronym EMPOWER refers to guidelines for extending, multiplying, publicising, outsourcing, widening, enabling and reflecting on co-design research.

Research limitations/implications

Although extendable to other experiences of vulnerability, the examples provided focus on the experiences of ageing consumers.

Practical implications

EMPOWER has direct relevance to practitioners wishing not only to work with consumers experiencing vulnerabilities but also to empower these consumers through purposeful research actions.

Social implications

Although drawing on co-design research with older adults, these guidelines can be applied to empower other groups experiencing vulnerability.

Originality/value

There is a relative lack of guidelines on how to strengthen the co-design process in a way that empowers consumers experiencing vulnerability. To address this, this paper offers a framework and some grounded examples contributing to the current knowledge of co-design in marketing.
Grounded theory approach to non-market strategy and organizational resilience: the case of Chinese private enterprise
Authors: Jiang Luyao , Sun Yanan , Zhao Hongbo
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationship between non-market strategies and organizational resilience, using a Chinese private enterprise as an example.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected data through semi-structured interviews and analyzed them through grounded theory, using a three-step approach of open coding, axial coding and selective coding to analyze and construct a model of the mechanism of the impact of non-market strategies on organizational resilience.

Findings

The following conclusions were drawn from this study. (1) Stakeholders, internal and external environment and entrepreneurship are important motivations that influence private firms to implement non-market strategies to enhance organizational resilience, with entrepreneurship being the key driver. (2) Non-market strategies contain three dimensions, and different non-market behaviors have different mechanisms of action on the organizational resilience of firms. (3) Non-market strategies and organizational resilience form an interactive spiral relationship. This mutually reinforcing effect promotes firm growth and sustainable corporate development. The research results enrich the theoretical connotation of non-market strategies, construct a model of the mechanism of influence of non-market strategies on organizational resilience, and describe three explanatory paths for the relationship between the two–incentive mechanism, functional mechanism and transformation mechanism.

Research limitations/implications

This study's single case is unique and based on the Chinese context. In addition, this study adopts a rooted qualitative research approach and although the coding and model construction strictly follow the steps of grounded theory research, a degree of subjectivity is inevitable. On this basis, future research can adopt quantitative analysis methods to test and improve the model.

Practical implications

This paper explores the important role of non-market strategies in the Chinese context under the impact of traditional market mechanisms, based on the perspective of Chinese private enterprises, and provides new insights and revelations for private enterprises to achieve sustainable development.

Originality/value

This study innovatively explores the formation mechanism of organizational resilience from the perspective of non-market strategies, adding a new perspective to the literature. Additionally, it examines the mechanisms between long-term non-market strategy and organizational resilience, particularly their relationship in times of crisis, utilizing a rooted approach that goes beyond static analysis.
Performance of ESG SPACs
Authors: Datar Vinay , Emm Ekaterina E. , Han Bo
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The authors examine one special focus of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs), namely environmental, social and governance (ESG) related investments. The authors document the performance of SPACs with and without ESG focus.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collect data, from several sources, on 1,737 SPAC IPOs formed between 2003 and 2022. A SPAC's focus on ESG is classified based on declared focus in Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings and in post-merger annual reports. The authors examine operational and financial performance of SPACs with and without ESG focus.

Findings

In the study's sample, only 50% of SPACs that announced an intention to acquire an ESG target ended up consummating a merger with an ESG private firm. ESG SPACs exhibit worse operating performance than non-ESG SPACs. Furthermore, they experience 11.6% lower 1-year post-merger excess returns than their non-ESG counterparts.

Originality/value

The study provides an examination of ESG firms that came to market via mergers with SPACs, which is an alternative method to traditional initial public offerings (IPOs). The study also provides a comparison of both operational and stock performance of ESG and non-ESG SPACs.
Influence of copper interlayer on the interface characteristics of stainless steel–aluminium transitional structure in wire arc directed energy deposition
Authors: Paul Amrit Raj , Mukherjee Manidipto , Sahu Mohit Kumar
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the deposition of SS–Al transitional wall using the wire arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED) process with a Cu interlayer. This study also aims to analyse the metallographic properties of the SS–Cu and Al–Cu interfaces and their mechanical properties.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used transitional deposition of SS–Al material over each other by incorporating Cu as interlayer between the two. The scanning electron microscope analysis, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffractometer analysis, tensile testing and micro-hardness measurement were performed to investigate the interface characteristics and mechanical properties of the SS–Al transitional wall.

Findings

The study discovered that the WA-DED process with a Cu interlayer worked well for the deposition of SS–Al transitional walls. The formation of solid solutions of Fe–Cu and Fe–Si was observed at the SS–Cu interface rather than intermetallic compounds (IMCs), according to the metallographic analysis. On the other hand, three different IMCs were formed at the Al–Cu interface, namely, Al–Cu, Al2Cu and Al4Cu9. The study also observed the formation of a lamellar structure of Al and Al2Cu at the hypereutectic phase. The mechanical testing revealed that the Al–Cu interface failed without significant deformation, i.e. < 4.73%, indicating the brittleness of the interface.

Originality/value

The study identified the formation of HCP–Fe at the SS–Cu interface, which has not been previously reported in additive manufacturing literature. Furthermore, the study observed the formation of a lamellar structure of Al and Al2Cu phase at the hypereutectic phase, which has not been previously reported in SS–Al transitional wall deposition.
Women's Rights as Human Rights after the End of History
Authors: Donert Celia
Published: September 2023

This article is based on the 2022 Gender & History annual lecture. It reconsiders the recent history of women's rights as human rights. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union brought to an end a twentieth‐century discourse of women's rights, understood not only as legal norms, but as a political language harnessed to a narrative of women as a collective subject progressing towards emancipation and equality. This was enabled by an international order in which human rights were tied to visions of self‐determination, social rights and strong states, creating spaces for new subjects to make their voices heard in international law, albeit in particular and circumscribed ways. After 1989, women were again written into international law primarily as victims of violence, while the emergence of gender as a category of analysis challenged the notion of ‘women’ as a collective subject of rights. The story of women's rights, the article concludes, suggests that recent revisionist histories of human rights as a neoliberal utopia are only one part of a more complex human rights history.
Synovial‐fluid‐derived microparticles express vimentin and GRP78 in their surface and exhibit an in vitro stimulatory effect on fibroblast‐like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Michael Benita Nancy Reni , Mariaselvam Christina Mary , Kavadichanda Chengappa G. , Negi Vir Singh
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To investigate the hypothesis that microparticles (MP) may be a source of autoantigens and drive disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium.

Methods

Synovial fluid (SF) was collected from the knee joints of 41 disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug‐naive RA patients and 30 osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Samples were stained with either anti‐vimentin‐AlexaFluor‐488 or anti‐glucose‐regulated protein‐78‐Dylight‐488 (GRP78) and Annexin‐V‐allophycocyanin for flow cytometry analysis. RA and OA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) were co‐cultured with respective SF‐derived MP in vitro for 24 h. Supernatant and cell‐free SF was assayed for pro‐inflammatory analytes by multiplex assays.

Results

Elevated percentages of AnnexinV+ Vimentin+ MP (median 0.8, interquartile range [IQR] 1.30) and AnnexinV+ GRP78+ MP (median 0.3, IQR 0.28) were present in RA compared with OA patients. We observed that CXCL6 and CCL8 were secreted in excess by RA‐FLS stimulated with RA‐SF‐MP but not by stimulation with MP‐free RA‐SF.

Conclusions

Microparticles express vimentin and GRP78 on their surface and stimulate synoviocytes to produce inflammatory molecules, thus sustaining local inflammation in the synovium in RA.
Net zero portfolio targets for development finance institutions: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Fankhauser Sam , Srivastav Sugandha , Sundvor Ingrid , Hirmer Stephanie , Shrimali Gireesh
Published: September 2023

Development finance needs to be better aligned with climate change objectives, and many experts see net zero portfolio targets as a powerful way to achieve this. This paper explores the operational implications of net zero portfolio targets for development finance institutions (DFIs). We set out an agenda to move development finance towards net zero goals in a way that acknowledges development concerns. These include (1) setting context‐specific emissions pathways with granular bottom‐up data and emphasising climate‐development win‐wins; (2) dealing with inertia and lumpiness in the portfolio through ‘when’ flexibility (multiyear carbon budgets) and ‘where’ flexibility (sharing of carbon space); (3) encouraging transition projects through future‐emissions accounting and transition credits; (4) managing climate‐development and other trade‐offs with an internal carbon price and ESG standards; and (5) accounting for emissions after project‐end with monitoring and legal provisions.
Dental clinicians' perceptions on the use of tele‐dentistry consultations during COVID‐19 within public dental clinics in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Mahony T , Wang C , Coilparampil A , Kong A , Patterson‐Norrie T , Villarosa A , George A , Yaacoub A
Published: September 2023

Background

Although well accepted by clinicians and patients, teledentistry is not currently a widely used model of care within Australian public oral health services. This qualitative study aimed to review and evaluate dental clinicians' perceptions, by determining the acceptability and appropriateness of teledentistry as a model of care.

Methods

A purposive sample of 12 public dental practitioners employed by a Local Health District in Sydney, and who had participated in teledentistry consultations, were recruited to participate in focus groups. Focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Teledentistry was a novel concept for most participants and was well accepted. Participants valued the use of a standardized consultation template as well as effective communication with other dental clinicians to support the practice of teledentistry. However, many found attempting contact with patients over the telephone difficult as well as the perceived patient frustration with the administration process and technological difficulties experienced.

Conclusion

Teledentistry has the potential for growth and expansion in the public health system. From the opinions in this study, the authors propose further research is needed into the efficacy of teledentistry to assist with the development of a model of care that would be beneficial for dental clinicians and their patients. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
Pollination of Richea dracophylla (Ericaceae) and the role of the nocturnal ant Notoncus hickmani (Formicinae)
Authors: Nicol Stewart C. , McLachlan‐Troup Tanya A. , McQuillan Peter B.
Published: September 2023

Our observation of large numbers of ants Notoncus hickmani (Formicinae) on the flowers of a Tasmanian endemic shrub Richea dracophyllum (Ericacea) during the night in winter prompted us to carry out a more extensive study of pollination of R. dracophyllum at two sites. Terminal panicles bear inflorescences of 300+ flowers whose petals are fused into calyptrae covering the reproductive organs, and the calyptrae must be removed before pollination can occur. To exclude birds, we placed mesh bags over some inflorescences. Inflorescences with exclusion bags had a high proportion of retained calyptra and the numbers of viable seeds were greatly reduced. We found R. dracophyllum to have a very long flowering period (more than 6 months) and a range of floral visitors, including honey‐eaters (Meliphagidae) and flying insects. At one site we observed large numbers (up to 100) of N. hickmani on inflorescences between dusk and midnight during winter at air temperatures down to 2.5°C. They fed on nectar from flowers that had lost their calyptra where they were exposed to pollen from the anthers and scanning electron microscopy showed high numbers of pollen grains being carried on the ants. The feeding behaviour of these ants would facilitate pollination between adjacent flowers (geitonogamy). Smaller numbers of dolichoderine ants (Iridomyrmex bicknelli?) were observed during the daytime in spring but mainly fed under partially detached calyptrae where they had little exposure to pollen. We suggest that R. dracophylla is pollinated by a range of species and functional groups—birds, flying insects and ants, and that the pollinating species will vary during the year and between sites, although insects depend on birds to remove the calyptrae. Ant pollination is rare, nocturnal ant pollination is extremely rare, and pollination by nocturnal cryophilic ants has not been documented previously.
The Political Consequences of Depression: How Conspiracy Beliefs, Participatory Inclinations, and Depression Affect Support for Political Violence
Authors: Baum Matthew A. , Druckman James N. , Simonson Matthew D. , Lin Jennifer , Perlis Roy H.
Published: September 2023

Depression can affect individuals’ attitudes by enhancing cognitive biases and altering perceptions of control. We investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and Americans’ attitudes regarding domestic extremist violence. We develop a theory that suggests the association between depression and support for political violence depends on conspiracy beliefs, participatory inclinations, and their combination. We test our theory using a two‐wave national survey panel from November 2020 and January 2021. We find that among those who hold conspiracy beliefs and/or have participatory inclinations, depression is positively associated with support for election violence and the January 6 Capitol riots. The participatory inclination dynamic is particularly strong for men. Our findings reveal how the intersection of two concerning features of American society—poor mental health and conspiratorial beliefs—strongly relate to another feature: support for political violence. The results also make clear that interventions aimed at addressing depression can potentially have substantial political consequences.
Nature and extent of disruptions to staff clinical supervision practices in health care settings due to COVID‐19: A survey study
Authors: Martin Priya , Argus Geoff , Fox Jordan , Gurney Tiana , McGrail Matthew , Kumar Saravana , Kondalsamy‐Chennakesavan Srinivas
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on clinical supervision practices of health care workers in health care settings in one Australian state.

Method

A bespoke survey was developed and administered online using Qualtrics™. The survey consisted of Likert scale and closed questions, with options for free text comments. Numerical data were analysed descriptively and using Chi‐Square tests. Textual data were analysed through content analysis.

Results

Of the 178 survey respondents, 42% were from allied health disciplines, 39% from nursing and midwifery, and 19% from medicine. The type and mode (i.e., face‐to‐face, telesupervision) of clinical supervision prior to the pandemic and at the time of survey completion (i.e., July–August 2021) were similar. Eighteen percent of respondents had a change in supervision arrangements but only 5% had a change in supervisor. For the 37% who changed roles due to COVID‐19, 81% felt their current supervisor was still able to support them, 69% were still having their supervisory needs met. Analyses of textual data resulted in the development of two categories: Supervision deteriorating, and some clinical supervision functions (i.e., formative and restorative) being more impacted than others (i.e., normative).

Conclusion

There were substantial disruptions to several parameters of clinical supervision due to COVID‐19, that may pose a threat to high quality supervision. Health care workers reported pandemic‐induced stress and mental health challenges that were not always addressed by effective restorative supervision practices.
Association of right bundle branch block or intraventricular conduction delay with recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation
Authors: Lee Sung Ho , Choi Ji‐Hoon , Park Seung‐Jung , Park Kyoung‐Min , Kim June Soo , On Young Keun
Published: September 2023

Background

The association between bundle branch block (BBB) and recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether AF combined with BBB is associated with AF recurrence after catheter ablation.

Methods

A total of 477 consecutive AF patients who underwent catheter ablation were included. The AF patients were divided into three groups according to BBB: AF without BBB (n = 427), AF with right bundle branch block (AF with RBBB) (n = 16), and AF with intraventricular conduction delay (AF with IVCD) (n = 34).

Results

Of the 477 AF patients (mean age 57 years, 81% men, median CHA2DS2‐VASc score of 1), 16 (3.4%) patients had RBBB, and 34 (7.1%) patients had IVCD. During a mean follow‐up of 15.2 ± 6.7 months, 119 patients (24.9%) had recurrence of AF. Of these, 111 (26%) patients were in the AF without BBB group, with 2 (12.5%) and 6 (17.6%) patients in the RBBB and IVCD groups, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of the rate of recurrent AF was not significantly different among the three groups (p = .39). Multivariable analysis showed that persistent AF (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.15–2.50, p = .007), chronic kidney disease (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.20–7.17, p = .01), and left atrial diameter (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.009–1.082, p = .01) were significantly associated with AF recurrence.

Conclusion

AF with BBB was not significantly associated with the recurrence of AF after catheter ablation in middle‐aged patients with low‐risk cardiovascular profile.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus tenofovir alafenamide on risk of osteoporotic fracture in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A nationwide claims study in South Korea
Authors: Kim Eunju , Lee Hyun Woong , Kim Soon Sun , Yoon Eileen , Jang Eun Sun , Chang Jong‐In , Cho Young Youn , Seo Gi Hyeon , Kim Hyung Joon
Published: September 2023

Background

As tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) requires long‐term use, a reduction in bone density should be considered a possibility when treating patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with aging and systemic diseases. Patients treated with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) have improved bone mineral density loss compared to patients treated with TDF. Although improvements in bone density caused by TAF have been reported, studies on the actual reduction of fractures are insufficient.

Aim

To evaluate the impact of TAF on the risk of osteoporotic fractures in comparison with that of TDF.

Methods

Using the national claims data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 32,582 patients with CHB who had been initially treated with TDF or TAF between November 2017 and December 2020. The numbers of patients treated with TDF and TAF were 20,877 and 11,705, respectively. The annual fracture rate per 100 patients in each group was calculated, and the Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) was analysed after applying inverse probability treatment weights (IPTW) for both groups.

Results

Among 32,582 patients, the average age was 47.8 ± 11.2 years, 64.5% were men, and the follow‐up period was 24.4 ± 11.6 months. The incidence of osteoporotic fractures was 0.78 and 0.49 per 100 person‐years in the TDF and TAF groups, respectively. After application of IPTW, the HR was 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.55–0.85, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

TAF‐treated patients with CHB had a significantly lower risk of osteoporotic fracture than TDF‐treated patients.
The roles of foreign and domestic ownership in the corruption–firm innovation nexus
Authors: Ashyrov Gaygysyz , Tasane Helery
Published: September 2023

Previous literature has shown the detrimental impact of corruption on innovation. Conversely, the grease‐the‐wheel effect, in bribing fuelling firm innovation, has found some empirical support too. Past studies show that foreign‐owned firms largely outperform domestic firms in innovation activities. However, little is known about how corruption in developing countries might shape the advantages of foreign‐owned firms to innovate. We explored whether bribery, as an institutional dysfunctionality, is differently associated with innovation in the context of foreign owned versus domestically owned firms that operate in overall low research and development intensive economies and engage in exporting. By applying recursive bivariate probit regression, we investigated the link between bribery and innovation engagement among 4118 domestically and foreign‐owned exporting firms from 34 developing countries, using data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys and other databases. We find evidence on the grease‐the‐wheel effect so that bribery has a stimulating effect on innovation among domestically as well as foreign‐owned exporting firms. These findings underscore the importance for developing countries of finding institutional and policy solutions to coordination failure in combatting corruption.
Influence of aging of PEEK attachment inserts on the pull‐off force of implant‐retained overdentures – A laboratory study
Authors: Koenig Andreas , Rotenburg Laura , Fuchs Florian , Sander Stephan , Lethaus Bernd , Hahnel Sebastian
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The aim of the current study is to investigate the influence of mechanical stress as well as cleaning agents on the performance of various polyether ether ketone (PEEK) inserts for implant‐retained overdentures (IOD).

Materials and Methods

Three different standard PEEK inserts were subjected to rapid artificial aging through storage in chemical denture cleaning agents (acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, or sparkling denture cleaner) as well as demineralized water. The pre‐aged PEEK inserts were then placed in unilateral IOD and subjected to 200,000 chewing loads (5 kg ~ 50 N), with 5000 thermal cycles (5/55°C), and 1100 removal/insertion cycles (vertical movement 2 mm).

Results

For all the PEEK inserts, the retention forces decreased significantly with an increasing number of mechanical load cycles and after exposure to all the cleaning agents. PEEK inserts aged by exposure to chemical cleaning agents showed a significantly higher decline in retention force than the inserts stored in water. Confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that the decline in retention force might be caused by wear on the internal insert surface in contact with the patrix.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the application of chemical cleaning agents accelerates the decline in the retention forces of PEEK retentive inserts in IODs.
Retina disease prediction using modified convolutional neural network based on Inception‐ResNet model with support vector machine classifier
Authors: Jain Arushi , Bhatnagar Vishal , Rao Annavarapu Chandra Sekhara , Khari Manju
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence and deep learning have aided ocular disease through experiments including automatic illness recognition from images of the iris, fundus, or retina. Automated diagnosis systems (ADSs) provide services for the benefit of humanity and are essential in the early detection of harmful diseases. In fact, early detection is essential to avoid total blindness. In real life, several diagnostic tests such as visual ocular tonometry, retinal exam, and acuity test are performed, but they are conclusively time demanding and stressful for the patient. To consume time and detect the retinal disease earlier, an efficient prediction method is designed. In this proposed model, the first process is data collection that consists of a retinal disease dataset for testing and training. The second process is pre‐processing, which executes image resizing and noise filter for feature extraction. The third step is feature extraction, which extracts the image's form, size, color, and texture for classification with CNN based on Inception‐ResNet V2. The classification process is done by using the SVM with the extracted features. The prediction of diseases is classified such as normal, cataract, glaucoma, and retinal disease. The suggested model's performance is assessed using performance indicators such as accuracy, error, sensitivity, precision, and so forth. The suggested model's accuracy, error, sensitivity, and precision are 0.96, 0.962, 0.964, and 0.04, respectively, higher than existing techniques such as VGG16, Mobilenet V1, ResNet, and AlexNet. Thus, the proposed model instantly predicts retinal disease.
Atypical language organization following perinatal infarctions of the left hemisphere is associated with structural changes in right‐hemispheric grey matter
Authors: Schnaufer Lukas , Gschaidmeier Alisa , Heimgärtner Magdalena , Driever Pablo Hernáiz , Hauser Till‐Karsten , Wilke Marko , Lidzba Karen , Staudt Martin
Published: September 2023

Aim

To assess how atypical language organization after early left‐hemispheric brain lesions affects grey matter in the contralesional hemisphere.

Method

This was a cross‐sectional study with between‐group comparisons of 14 patients (six female, 8–26 years) with perinatal left‐hemispheric brain lesions (two arterial ischemic strokes, 11 periventricular haemorrhagic infarctions, one without classification) and 14 typically developing age‐matched controls (TDC) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) documented left‐hemispheric language organization (six female, 8–28 years). MRI data were analysed with SPM12, CAT12, and custom scripts. Language lateralization indices were determined by fMRI within a prefrontal mask and right‐hemispheric grey matter group differences by voxel‐based morphometry (VBM).

Results

FMRI revealed left‐dominance in seven patients with typical language organization (TYP) and right‐dominance in seven patients with atypical language organization (ATYP) of 14 patients. VBM analysis of all patients versus controls showed grey matter reductions in the middle temporal gyrus of patients. A comparison between the two patient subgroups revealed an increase of grey matter in the middle frontal gyrus in the ATYP group. Voxel‐based regression analysis confirmed that grey matter increases in the middle frontal gyrus were correlated with atypical language organization.

Interpretation

Compatible with a non‐specific lesion effect, we found areas of grey matter reduction in patients as compared to TDC. The grey matter increase in the middle frontal gyrus seems to reflect a specific compensatory effect in patients with atypical language organization.

What this paper adds

Perinatal stroke leads to decreased grey matter in the contralesional hemisphere.

Atypical language organization is associated with grey matter increases in contralesional language areas.
The profile of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to interpersonal violence treated in a hospital emergency room
Authors: Benassi Camila Maciel , de Assis Santos Vinícius Paes , Spagnol Guilherme , Ferraz Emanuela Prado , Luz João Gualberto C.
Published: September 2023

Aim

This study evaluated records of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to interpersonal violence (IPV) being treated in the emergency room of a level I trauma center hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.

Material and Methods

Data of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to IPV recorded between January 2019 and December 2019 were retrospectively examined. Personal data, days on which they experienced IPV, and the type of maxillofacial trauma sustained were extracted and statistically analyzed (p < .050).

Results

During the analysis, 1034 patients with maxillofacial trauma were identified; of these patients, 292 (28.2%) who experienced trauma due to IPV were included in this study. There was a mean age of 32.6 years and the most common type of trauma was soft tissue injuries (38.7%). Mandible and nose fractures were more prevalent in males and females, respectively. Our data, when compared with other studies on maxillofacial trauma due to IPV, showed a lower prevalence and male‐to‐female ratio, and a higher presence of dentoalveolar trauma. Additionally, our data when compared with studies on maxillofacial trauma due to other causes showed lower mean age and male‐to‐female ratios, and a higher occurrence of nose fractures differing from the predominance of mandibular fractures.

Conclusion

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must be able to suspect and identify cases due to IPV among their patients with trauma. With our results, although each case has its individuality, we can suggest that cases of maxillofacial trauma in young, female, and nasal fracture patients may be suspicious for IPV.
Longitudinal trajectories of adult sibling relationship quality and psychological well‐being: The effect of childhood maltreatment
Authors: Kong Jooyoung , Homan Kristin J. , Goldberg Jaime
Published: September 2023

Objectives

This study examined (a) the effect of childhood maltreatment on the trajectory of emotional closeness with siblings and (b) whether and how a history of childhood maltreatment affects the longitudinal association between emotional closeness with siblings and older adults' psychological well‐being.

Background

Prior studies have suggested that childhood maltreatment may have lasting adverse effects on later‐life relationships with family members of origin, which may include adult siblings.

Methods

We used three‐wave data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Latent growth curve modeling was conducted to examine the associations between perceived sibling closeness and the psychological well‐being of 4,736 older adults.

Results

Our findings showed that the trajectory of perceived sibling closeness differed between older adults who experienced childhood maltreatment and those who did not. Perceived sibling closeness was lower at baseline for those who experienced maltreatment and did not change over time, whereas perceived sibling closeness increased over time for those who did not experience maltreatment. Further, older adults who reported greater sibling closeness over time showed less of a decline in psychological well‐being, of which patterns did not differ between the maltreated and nonmaltreated groups.

Conclusion

Childhood maltreatment was found to have long‐term negative effects on the emotional quality of sibling relationships in late adulthood.

Implications

More research is needed to explore potential mechanisms that explain these lifelong associations, which will inform the development of timely interventions that can help reduce the long‐lasting influence of adverse childhood experiences on the dynamics and relationships in later‐life families.
Frailty but not low muscle quality nor sarcopenia is independently associated with mortality among previously hospitalized older adults: A prospective study
Authors: da Costa Pereira Jarson Pedro , Diniz Alcides da Silva , de Lemos Maria Conceição Chaves , Pinho Ramiro Cláudia Porto Sabino , Cabral Poliana Coelho
Published: September 2023

Aim

There are few studies comparing the effects of geriatric syndromes and abnormalities in nutritional status and body composition on outcomes among older individuals who have been previously hospitalized. Our study aimed to evaluate the frequency and diagnosis of geriatric syndromes, low muscle quality, and nutritional status in hospitalized older individuals, and to examine their impact on both short‐ and long‐term outcomes.

Methods

This was a prospective study involving older adults (≥60 years). We assessed nutritional status, muscle quality, sarcopenia, and frailty. The outcomes were functional dependence, length of hospital stay, transfer to the Intensive Care Unit, number of readmissions, and mortality. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors.

Results

Even after adjustment for age and sex, increased risk of death was associated with possible undernourishment, sarcopenia, low muscle quality, and frailty (P < 0.05), but not the length of hospital stay (P > 0.05). Our multivariate analysis showed that frailty was independently associated with mortality and functional dependence. Low muscle quality was independently associated with functional dependence.

Conclusions

Geriatric syndromes, abnormalities in body composition, and the overall nutritional status of older patients are important risk factors for adverse outcomes, including functional dependence and mortality. These findings emphasize the need for interventions to improve muscle quality, prevent and treat malnutrition and sarcopenia, and address frailty in hospitalized patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 736–743.
Prevalence and perceptions of pain in people with haemophilia: A UK study
Authors: Khair Kate , McLaughlin Paul , Roussel Nathalie , Boyton Matthew , Holland Mike
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Joint bleeds in haemophilia cause destruction of articular structures, impaired function and pain. Up to 70% of people with haemophilia (PWH) report chronic pain. Little is known about the pain experiences in PWH in the UK.

Aim

To identify prevalence and perceptions of pain among PWH living in the UK.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, non‐interventional survey study conducted among PWH (all severities). The survey incorporated elements from validated tools (EQ‐5D; EQ‐VAS) and was distributed via participating treatment centres.

Results

Five hundred and ninety‐nine PWH responded, 91% aged > 18. 81% used factor prophylactically or on demand. More pain was reported by those treated on demand versus prophylaxis particularly in those who reported daily pain. 65% reported ‘problem joints’ based on individual impact rather than medically defined ‘target joints’, 2/3 reported multiple joint issues. The ankle was most commonly affected. 59% reported frequent pain, with 56% aware of pain constantly or most of the time and were more likely to report less favourable EQ‐5D or EQ‐VAS scores (p < .001). Pain frequency/awareness was consistent across all severities. Most discussed pain with care teams, 31% only when asked; 25% did not discuss it. Pain discussions resulted in physiotherapy referral (63%) analgesia prescription (48%), and a minority specialist pain referral (9%). Most felt well supported with regard to their pain, but 70% reported learning to live with it.

Conclusion

Pain affects PWH of all ages and severities even in a well‐resourced country significantly impacting quality of life. Clinicians must be more aware of chronic pain in PWH. Biopsychosocial approaches to pain assessment and management are recommended.
Mesenchymal tumours of the pleura: review and update
Authors: Rerkpichaisuth Vilasinee , Hung Yin P
Published: September 2023

Primary mesenchymal tumours of the pleura are uncommon and can be diagnostically challenging due to their overlapping histopathologic and immunophenotypic features. Herein we discuss selected mesenchymal tumours of the pleura, including solitary fibrous tumour, calcifying fibrous tumour, desmoid fibromatosis, synovial sarcoma, schwannoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and desmoplastic small round cell tumour. We review their clinicopathologic characteristics, along with an update on the relevant immunohistochemical and molecular features.
Common risk factors for dental caries and impaired glucose regulation in Guangxi, China
Authors: Chen Shaoyong , Liu Qiulin , Yu Xueting , Zeng Xiaojuan
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of caries and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and try to investigate their common risk factors among adult residents in Guangxi province.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted on a sample of 2993 adults from five different areas of Guangxi province. The sociodemographic data, history of personal habits such as diet and physical activities, physical measurements, oral examination results and biochemical laboratory test data were collected to establish a database and prepare a sound research model. Chi‐square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyse the risk factors for dental caries and IGR.

Results

The prevalence rate for caries was 85.9%, and the mean DMFT score was 7.35. In multiple logistic regression, after adjustment, education level, occupation, daily consumption of vegetables, weekly consumption of carbonated beverages and weekly exercise were associated with caries (odds ratio [OR]: 2.10, OR: 1.80, OR: 1.40, OR: 2.45, OR: 2.38). The prevalence of IGR was 33.5%, and after adjustment, results showed that occupation, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein‐C levels and low‐density lipoprotein‐C levels were significantly associated with IGR (OR: 0.80, OR: 1.70, OR: 1.56, OR: 1.88, OR: 1.60, OR: 1.43, OR: 1.48). The strength of association between caries/IGR and risk factors was a weak association or moderate association.

Conclusions

We have not found common risk factors between dental caries and IGR. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore these common risk factors to prevent caries and IGR.