bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano-copper Supplementation Increases Superoxide dismutase and Catalase Gene Expression Profiles and Concentration of antioxidants and immune variables in Sahiwal heifers
Authors: Kushwaha Raju , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Muneendra , Vaswani Shalini , Kumar Avinash , Choudhury Soumen
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inorganic and nano copper (Cu) supplementation on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) gene expression, antioxidant status and immune response in growing Sahiwal heifers. Twenty four Sahiwal heifers were allocated at random into four groups of six heifers in each groups and fed for 120 days. Feeding regimen was similar in all the groups except that treatment groups were supplemented with 0.0 mg Cu, 10.0 mg inorganic Cu, 5.0 and 10.0 mg of nano Cu per kg dry matter (DM) in four respective groups. Feed intake and growth performance were similar in growing Sahiwal heifers fed on basal diet with or without supplemental Cu. Antioxidative variables like SOD, CAT, ceruloplasmin (Cp), total antioxidant status (TAS) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were found higher in Cu supplemented groups than control. Variables like malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were found lower in treatment groups than control. Total immunoglobulins (total Ig) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were higher in treatment groups than control. Although, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was similar in all groups. There were upregulation of mRNA expression of SOD and CAT genes in experimental animals fed on Cu supplemented diet while mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) genes were not altered by dietary treatment. The results suggest that level of 5 ppm nano Cu can be selected for feeding in growing cattle as it exerts similar effects as showed by 10 ppm inorganic Cu.
A Novel Design of Low Power, Modified Pre-charge free Binary CAM Array with Pre-computation for Search-Intensive Applications
Authors: K Gavaskar , N Surendar , S Thrisali , M Vishal
Published: June 2022

Memory is a storage space that is essential for storing the repetitive data and the instructions to perform an operation. In modern processors speed has been increased significantly but memory enhancements are mainly focusing on the ability to store more data in less space and to reduce the latency. Content Addressable Memory (CAM) cells are preferred over SRAM cells as they are faster and gives the address of the matched data whereas SRAM uses address to access particular data. The circuit of Modified Pre-charge free CAM cell proposed in this paper is made up of basic 6T SRAM cell (2 cross-coupled inverters and 2 access transistors) and separate comparison circuit (1 PMOS and 1 NMOS transistor). The 8X8 memory array consists of memory cells, row and column decoders, encoder, pre-charge circuits, sense amplifiers and write driver circuits. The various parameters like delay, dynamic power and power delay product are measured and compared with other CAM cells. CADENCE Virtuoso Tool is used for designing the various circuits in 90 nm technology. The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested CAM cell outperforms other cells, hence it is employed to create the array structure. The 8X8 CAM array based on MPF CAM cell has less power and less delay when compared with other array structures.
A Spatio-temporal Bayesian model to estimate risk and evaluate factors related to Tuberculosis in Chongqing, China, 2014-2020
Authors: Chen Zhi-Yi , Deng Xin-Yi , Zou Yang , He Ying , Chen Sai-Juan , Wang Qiu-Ting , Xing Dian-Guo , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2022

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from bacterial pathogens worldwide. The World Health Organization report on TB in 2020 showed that China had the second-highest burden of TB in the world. The average level of TB cases in Chongqing was higher than that of the whole country and the rate of decline was slower than that of the whole country from 2010 to 2015. we aimed to explore the spatial cluster of different populations' risk of TB and identify the factors associated with TB and provide a reference for the prevention and control of TB.
Methods
We applied a Bayesian Spatio-temporal model to estimate the TB risk of different populations in Chongqing and analyze the influencing factors of TB risk.
Results
a total of 170934 TB cases (confirmed cases and clinically diagnosed cases) were reported by the Chongqing Provincial Center of Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention Information System from 2014 to 2020. The incidence rate per 100000 people showed a downward trend from 2014 (82.81/100000) to 2020 (70.19/100000). According to the minimum deviation information criterion (DIC), the Bayesian Spatio-temporal model with spatial effect, temporally effect, and Spatio-temporal interaction was selected as the best model. A downward trend in the relative risk (RR) of TB was observed during the study period, and there was a large difference in the relative risk of different districts and populations. After adding environmental and socio-economic variables to the analysis, We found that SO2(µg/m3), urbanization rate (UR)(%), the proportion of people engaged in agriculture (PEIA) (%), and the low-income group per 1000 non-agricultural households (LINA per 1000) had significant effects on the risk of TB.
Conclusion
This study found spatial clustering of TB incidence risk in the northeast and southeast Chongqing. The high-risk groups were mainly women and the elderly, who were most affected by poverty. Urbanization showed a positive effect on TB risk in the female and young population. Using this information, decision-makers may want to implement focused interventions for the control and prevention of TB in high-risk districts and populations.
Intubation using video laryngeal mask airway SaCoVLM and laryngeal mask airway Ambu® Aura-i in anesthetized children with microtia:a randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhi Juan , yan fu-xia , Wei Ling-Xin , Yang Dong , Deng Xiao-Ming
Published: June 2022

Backgrounds: The Ambu Aura-i laryngeal mask is considered a device for blind intubation as well as for fibreoptic guided intubation.The novel SaCoVLM video laryngeal airway is a supraglottic airway device that allows intubation under direct vision.We hypothesized that success rates for device placement and tracheal intubation with SaCoVLM would be comparable with Ambu Aura-i. Methods:A prospective,randomized clinical trial from March 2021 to December 2021.One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled and randomized in the study.Direct intubation was performed with SaCoVLM and fibreoptic guided intubation was performed with Ambu Aura-i.Primary outcome measure was first success rate of LMA placement. Secondary outcome measures were the time to device placement and time to endotracheal intubation as well as the time for LMA removal after successful intubation, differences in airway leak pressure, the fiberoptic grade of laryngeal view, and the incidence of blood stain. Results: The first success rate of LMA placement was similar with the two devices.The time for successful endotracheal intubation was no difference in group Ambu Aura-i and group SaCoVLM (24.1s±6.3 versus 25.7s±2.1; p＞0.05 ). The time for removal was slower in group SaCoVLM than group Ambu Aura-i(20.8s±0.8 versus 14.7s±6.1; p＜0.01 ). The airway leak pressure was higher in group SaCoVLM than group Ambu Aura-i (27.0s±1.0 versus 22.3 s±3.6; p＜0.01 ),the incidence of blood stain is higher in group SaCoVLM (16.7%).Conclusion:The SaCoVLM has an overall comparable performance as Ambu Aura-i. However, SaCoVLM is better in direct intubation without the assistance of flexible intubation scope, Which reduced the devices demand.
U-Shaped association between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy: A retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Jeon You Hyun , Jeon Yena , Jung Hee-Yeon , Choi Ji-Young , Park Sun-Hee , Kim Chan-Duck , Kim Yong-Lim , Cho Jang-Hee , Lim Jeong-Hoon
Published: June 2022

Background
The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a marker of inflammation and predictor of mortality in a variety of diseases. However, the effectiveness of PLR as a predictor of mortality in patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) is uncertain. We evaluated the association between PLR and mortality in critically ill patients with severe AKI who underwent continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).
Methods
This is a retrospective observational cohort study, and a total of 1044 patients with AKI who underwent CRRT in Kyungpook National University Hospital from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed. The study subjects were divided into quintiles according to the PLR at CRRT initiation. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the association between PLR and mortality.
Results
PLR was associated with in-hospital mortality in a non-linear manner, showing a higher mortality rate at both ends of the PLR. The Kaplan–Meier curve analysis revealed the highest mortality rates with the first and fifth quintiles, while the lowest mortality rate occurred with the third quintile. Compared with the third quintile (the lowest mortality rate group), the first (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–2.62, P < 0.001) and fifth (aHR, 1.60, 95% CI 1.18–2.18, P = 0.002) quintiles of PLR had significantly higher in-hospital mortality. The first and fifth quintiles showed a consistently increased risk of 30-day and 90-day mortality compared with the third quintile. In the subgroup analysis, lower and higher PLRs were predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with older age, female sex, hypertension, diabetes, and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.
Conclusion
Both the lower and higher PLRs were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with AKI who underwent CRRT. Thus, the PLR may be a useful and easily accessible prognostic indicator for patients with severe AKI.
A GPU-based computational framework that bridges Neuron simulation and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Yichen , He Gan , Liu Xiaofei , Hjorth J.J.Johannes , Kozlov Alexander , He Yutao , Zhang Shenjian , Ma Lei , Kotaleski Jeanette , Tian Yonghong , Grillner Sten , Du Kai , Huang Tiejun
Published: June 2022

Biophysically detailed multi-compartment models are powerful tools to explore computational principles of the brain and also serve as a theoretical framework to generate algorithms for artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, the expensive computational cost severely limits the applications in both the neuroscience and AI fields. The major bottleneck during simulating detailed compartment models is the ability of a simulator to solve large systems of linear equations. Here, we present a novel Dendritic Hierarchical Scheduling (DHS) method to markedly accelerate such process. We theoretically prove that the DHS implementation is computationally optimal and accurate. This GPU-based method performs at 2-3 orders of magnitude higher speed than that of the classic serial Hines method in the conventional CPU platform. We build a DeepDendrite framework, which integrates the DHS method and the GPU computing engine of the NEURON simulator and demonstrate applications of DeepDendrite in neuroscience and AI tasks. We investigated how spatial patterns of spine inputs affects neuronal excitability in a detailed human pyramidal neuron model with 25,000 spines; and examined how dendrites protect morphologically detailed neural networks against adversarial attacks in typical image classification tasks.
First report of autochthonous canine leishmaniosis in Hong Kong
Authors: Sandy Jeanine Rhoda , Matthews Anthony , Nachum-Biala Yaarit , Baneth Gad
Published: June 2022

Background: Canine leishmaniosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. Infected dogs represent the main domestic reservoir of the parasite for both human and animal transmission. Methods: Leishmania infantum infection was investigated in a kennel of eight dogs in Hong Kong, of which four had cutaneous lesions. All eight dogs were tested serologically by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Leishmania ribosomal operon internal transcribed spacer 1 and the kinetoplast minicircle on blood and tissues, followed by DNA sequencing. Results: One dog which never left Hong Kong was seropositive for Leishmania infantum and diagnosed with cutaneous and systemic disease with detection of tissue amastigotes by cytology, and positive blood and spleen PCR for L. infantum. Leishmania amastigotes were seen within inflamed nasal and skin samples from this dog. Another kennel dog imported from the USA which developed cutaneous lesions prior to the local dog, was confirmed as infected by L. infantum by PCR and skin histopathology. All other kennel dogs were negative on serology and PCR and no amastigotes were identified in the skin lesions from the additional two dogs with skin disease. Treatment of allopurinol administered to both clinically affected dogs with leishmaniosis resulted in clinical recovery.Conclusions: A dog from the USA introduced into a Hong Kong kennel was detected as clinically affected by leishmaniosis followed by the development of the disease in a local kennel dog which never left Hong Kong. Both dogs responded well to long term therapy and none of the six in contact dogs showed evidence of being infected. As there are no known suitable sand fly vectors of leishmaniosis reported in Hong Kong, horizontal or vertical transmission is suspected to be responsible for disease transmission. As L. infantum causes human and canine disease, and dogs serve as reservoirs for human infection, attention should be paid to the possibility of visceral leishmaniosis emerging in Hong Kong.
Surveillance of Acute Flaccid Paralysis: Epidemiological Aspects and Surveillance Indicators in Kankan Health Regional
Authors: KARINKAN BERETE , ANSOUMANE BERETE
Published: June 2022

Since September 2015, Guinea has experienced the vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 epidemic. Objectives: To describe the epidemiology and factors associated with AFP cases and analyse surveillance performance indicators. Methods: This is a descriptive historical study covering the period from January 1th to December 31th, 2016 among children under the age of 15 of Kankan regional health directorate, Guinea. The data collection is done based on the existing documents review. Results: 200 cases of AFP were notified during the study period. 59.5% of the children are male with an average of 3.5 years. 60.5% of patients had received 3 or more doses compared to 15.5% who had never received polio vaccine. Malaria was the most probable cause about 39% of AFP cases. The clinical picture is classic, fever is associated with 65.5% of cases and it evolved in 3 days in 75% of cases. The hospitalization rate is 53%. 72% of the samples came out negative. Three indicators did not achieve the expected objectives. Conclusion: The performance of the surveillance system needs to be improved for better sensitivity by both government staff and supporting partners, in order to avoid a new epidemic.
Controllable branching of robust response patterns in nonlinear mechanical resonators
Authors: Eriksson Axel , Shoshani Oriel , Shaw Steven , López Daniel , Czaplewski David
Published: June 2022

In lieu of active feedback control in complex systems over long timeframes, nonlinear dynamics offers solutions to generate long-term responses. This type of control has been proposed for use in resonators that exhibit a plethora of complex dynamic behaviors resulting from energy exchange between modes. However, the dynamic response and, ultimately, the ability to control the response of these systems remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a micromechanical resonator can generate diverse, robust dynamical responses that occur on a timescale five orders of magnitude larger than the external harmonic driving and these responses can be selected by inserting small pulses at specific branching points. We develop a theoretical model and experimentally show the ability to control these response patterns. This mechanical system and normal form model offer springboard concepts for understanding and control in more sophisticated systems such as neural dynamics, soft robotics, or fixed action patterns observed in animals.
High-throughput Pore-C reveals the single-allele topology polymorphism and cell type specificity of 3D genome folding
Authors: Xiao Chuan-Le , Zhong Jiayong , Niu Longjian , Lin Zhuobin , Bai Xin , Chen Ying , Luo Feng , Hou Chunhui
Published: June 2022

Canonical three-dimensional (3D) genome structures represent the ensemble average of pairwise chromatin interactions but not the single-allele topologies in populations of cells. Recently developed Pore-C can capture multiway chromatin contacts that reflect regional topologies of single chromosomes. By carrying out high-throughput Pore-C, we reveal extensive but regionally restricted clusters of single-allele topologies that aggregate into canonical 3D genome structures in two human cell types. We show that fragments in multicontact reads generally coexist in the same TAD, while a concurrent significant proportion of multicontact reads span multiple compartments of the same chromatin type over megabase distances. Synergistic chromatin looping between multiple sites in multicontact reads is extremely rare compared to pairwise interactions. Interestingly, the single-allele topology clusters are cell type-specific even inside highly conserved TADs in different types of cells. In summary, HiPore-C enables global characterization of single-allele topologies at an unprecedented depth to reveal elusive genome folding principles.
Intrinsic neural timescales mediate the cognitive bias of self – Temporal integration in default-mode network
Authors: Wolman Angelika , Çatal Yasir , Wolff Annemarie , Scalabrini Andrea , Ahmadi Abdessadek El , Northoff Georg
Published: June 2022

Our perceptions and decisions are not always objectively correct as they are featured by a bias related to our self. What are the behavioral, neural, and computational mechanisms of such cognitive bias? Addressing this yet unresolved question, we here investigate whether the cognitive bias is related to temporal integration and segregation as mediated by the brain’s Intrinsic neural timescales (INT). Using Signal Detection Theory (SDT), we operationalize the cognitive bias by the Criterion C as distinguished from the sensitivity index d’. This was probed in a self-task based on morphed self- and other faces. Behavioral data demonstrate clear cognitive bias, i.e., Criterion C. This was related to the EEG-based INT as measured by the autocorrelation window (ACW) in especially the cortical midline structures (CMS) of the transmodal default-mode network (DMN) (as distinct from unimodal visual cortex). Finally, simulation of the same paradigm in a large-scale network model shows high degrees of temporal integration of temporally distinct inputs in CMS/DMN while temporal segregation predominates in visual cortex. Together, we demonstrate a key role of INT-based temporal integration in DMN including its relation to the brain’s uni-transmodal topographical organization in mediating the cognitive bias of our self.
WITHDRAWN: Computational study of flame characteristics and stability of a methane-air mixture in a cavity-stabilized burner for portable power applications
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: June 2022

Flame propagation in microchannels is modeled using two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations with detailed multicomponent transport, gas-phase chemistry, heat loss through the wall, radical recombination at walls, and possible temperature discontinuity at the wall due to lack of thermal accommodation. Numerical simulations are conducted to gain insights into burner performance such as temperatures, reaction rates, and flames. The effects of inlet velocity, wall thermal conductivity, and heat transfer coefficient on flame stability are investigated. The factors affecting combustion characteristics and flame stability are determined. Design recommendations are provided. The results indicate that under certain conditions of preheating and insulation, methane-air flames are able to propagate in micro-channels. The near-entrance heat loss and radical quenching at the wall are key issues in controlling flame propagation in micro-channels. The choice of the wall material is crucial in terms of insulating and radical quenching properties, when designing cavity-stabilized burners. The inlet velocity of the mixture is a critical factor in assuring flame stability within the cavity-stabilized burner. There is a narrow range of inlet velocities that permit sustained combustion within the cavity-stabilized burner. Fast flows can cause blowout and slow flows can cause extinction. There exists an optimum inlet velocity for greatest flame stability. The thermal conductivity of the burner walls plays a vital role in flame stability. Improvements in flame stability are achievable by using walls with anisotropic thermal conductivity. Heat-insulating materials are favored to minimize external heat losses.
Sustentabilidade ambiental e segurança hídrica para o abastecimento de água do Rio de Janeiro: proposta de solução técnica emergencial para a revitalização da Lagoa do Guandu
Authors: Ottoni Adacto Benedicto , Ottoni Marianna
Published: June 2022

A presença da geosmina na água distribuída à Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ) em 2020 foi resultado da poluição escoada pelos Rios Queimados e Ipiranga na Lagoa do Guandu. O monitoramento da qualidade da água realizado pelo órgão ambiental INEA dos Rios Queimados e Ipiranga (e seus afluentes) que desembocam na Lagoa do Guandu mostra que essas águas têm qualidade muito ruim ou ruim, o que coloca em risco o abastecimento de água da RMRJ. As medidas alternativas sustentáveis propostas para a revitalização da Lagoa do Guandu basearam-se na implantação de um programa de monitoramento ambiental hidrométrico e de qualidade de água com quinze pontos distribuídos ao longo dos Rios Queimados, Ipiranga e seus afluentes. Além disso, propõe-se o desvio das águas desses rios logo à jusante das cidades, onde as vazões são menores do que nos seus exutórios na Lagoa do Guandu, e o seu tratamento podendo ser realizado a partir de lagoas de estabilização e wetlands, incluindo a possibilidade de compostagem dos resíduos do tratamento. A água tratada seria devolvida a esses rios, que, ao afluírem à Lagoa do Guandu, permitirão a sua revitalização e a segurança hídrica ao abastecimento de água do Rio de Janeiro.
Educação ambiental na gestão de resíduos sólidos em instituição de ensino superior
Authors: Leite Ana Paula Ribeiro de Hollanda , Mendonça Carla Jeane de Melo , Lacerda Cícero Sousa , Alves Márcia de Albuquerque , Carvalho Júnior Arlindo Monteiro de , Santos Kamyla Félix oliveira dos , Romão Edjanece Guedes de
Published: June 2022

As instituições de ensino superior (IES) geram considerável volume de resíduos em suas operações e são responsáveis por aplicar medidas para o correto manuseio dos resíduos produzidos, conforme preceitua a legislação. Diante disso, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os fatores que dificultam a elaboração do Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos (PGRS) nas instituições de ensino superior. Para alcançar, optou-se por uma pesquisa documental e observação não participante, mediante análise de conteúdo categorial. Como resultado foi identificado que as IES desenvolvem projetos de gestão de resíduos exitosos de forma isolada que foram integrados com novas iniciativas em um PGRS, como a educação ambiental. Foi possível elencar os atores envolvidos e suas atribuições no processo de elaboração do PGRS, no qual foram adotadas estratégias, como levantamento de legislações, benchmarking em outras IES, reuniões frequentes em grupos temáticos e busca por parcerias com pesquisadores da instituição. As principais dificuldades identificadas foram a falta de pessoal especializado em gestão de determinados resíduos, baixa adesão da alta gestão, comunicação oficial deficitária, falta de estrutura física e de uma política institucional para manejo dos materiais, além da escassez de recursos financeiros. Acredita-se que o trabalho contribuirá para aperfeiçoamento e implementação do PGRS na instituição, além de auxiliar outras IES na elaboração de seus respectivos planos.
European Interests and European Values: General Perspectives of Analysis or False Dichotomy?
Authors: Mironov V. V.
Published: June 2022

The article features the values of the European Union in the context of applying modern approaches to the study of integration associations. The analysis of the role of values in the policy of the European Union can be done in various ways. The historical and legal method shows the process of legal consolidation of the values and reﬂects the formation of the political subjectivity of the EU in the last 30 years. The starting point is the concept of shared heritage that demonstrates the main stages and tasks of European integration. The concept of acquis communautaire reaches its climax with the Treaty of Lisbon, and this was when the list of EU values became complete. The concept of the common heritage retains its legal meaning but transforms the goals into a discrete set of political values of the modern European Union. The present analysis of the social dimension of EU values was based on the Copenhagen School of Security. The analysis made it possible to identify the short-term values of modern European society through media monitoring and showed the speciﬁcs of European perception, e.g., the dominant importance of personal and political rights of citizens. The pandemic exacerbated the manifestation of these values within European society. Despite certain problems, the value dimension of EU policy is now complete and has become integral to European society and politics. The political component depends on speciﬁc interests, e.g., criteria for cooperation, membership conditions, interaction prospects, etc.
Value Foundations of the European Integration and their Exercises in the Current Relations between Russia and the European Union
Authors: Khayrullin E. R.
Published: June 2022

The article describes the value category behind the political development and practice of the European Union and the European integration project. Values are tools of developing the supranational ideology, identity, and political development vector. The author describes the connections between values and integration institutions, e.g., how the institution aﬀects the stability of the value foundations of the integration project, how the interest of Europeans in the value discourse depends on the success of integration, etc. Public attention to values grows as the integration process slows down. Based on the theory of values, the author analyzed the current relations between Russia and the European Union. The analysis revealed a critical attitude of Europeans to the value component of Russia's contractual obligations, which developed as early as in 1994, the year of the ﬁrst the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. Europeans see Moscow as a threat to the integration values. Therefore, Moscow acts as a convenient opponent that can be held responsible for numerous integration failures. As a result, Europeans cannot understand that the integration problems are caused by the internal European political processes, which prevents them from reaching any compromise with Russia.
Relations between the Russian Federation and the European Union as Reﬂected by the Spanish Press in 2021
Authors: Tsymbalova A. E.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the image of Russia and its relations with the European Union as reﬂected by two Spanish newspapers in 2021. The content analysis covered twenty publications from The El Mundo and ﬁﬅy from The El Pais. The articles focus on the following topics: expulsion of diplomats, mutual accusations in espionage and disinformation, Nord Stream II, Satellite V, A. Navalny, Russia and Belarus, and the recent events in Ukraine. The oﬃcial position of the European Union towards Russia oﬅen seems incoordinate. The bilateral relations between Russia and Spain receive little attention while evaluative statements made by European politicians about Russia create a negative and aggressive image of this country in the Spanish press.
A systems approach to improving access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in schools in Odisha, India
Authors: Singh Chouhan Narendra , Oledzka Nielsen Monika , Singh Pratibha , Manchikanti Swathi , Pandey Vivek , Walters Jeffrey P. , Kadyan Karishma
Published: June 2022

As part of the humanitarian response to create an enabling environment for children at schools, and to contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 3, 4, and 6, UNICEF India envisages to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools. In 2019, UNICEF in partnership with the Government of Odisha rolled out a systems approach to WASH for 58,000 schools to improve equitable access to safe WASH facilities in schools and to address any gaps that may exist. Schools were assessed through a digital monitoring application and ranked on 39 benchmarks for WASH facilities and practices. Approximately 13,000 schools were ranked as 1 and 2 stars on a 5-star scale (with 5-star being the best), which necessitated structuring schedules for improvement throughout the year. The systems approach to strengthening key building blocks was followed through including advocacy for policy and planning, infrastructure improvement, leveraging finances, capacity building, behavior change, institutional strengthening, accountability, and monitoring. School Swachhata (cleanliness) Action Plans (SAPs) were developed for more than 5,000 schools, and necessary behavior change was encouraged by involving school management committees and by instituting child cabinets of student leaders as role models to promote positive WASH behaviors among others. The complex interconnection between stakeholders was assessed using the social network analysis to highlight the level of interaction and stakeholder roles that guided the success of the Odisha WASH program to guide future WASH in school programs in Odisha and other states in India. Overall, the study findings suggest that the Odisha WASH program's success is owed, in part, to a diverse and multi-layered coordination structure between the district, block, and community-level stakeholders.
Hydrogeochemical responses of cave drip water to the local climate in the Liangfeng Cave, Southwest China
Authors: Wu Xia , Pan Moucheng , Yin Jianjun , Zhang Meiliang , Cao Jianhua
Published: June 2022

The hydrogeochemistry of cave drip water is an important environmental index in cave systems, and drip water monitoring may be an essential solution for paleoclimate reconstructions. We measured the hydrogeochemical properties of the seasonal and perennial drip water and CO2 concentrations from 2015 to 2019 in the Liangfeng Cave, Guilin, Southwest China. This study identified the difference in the regional environmental records in the perennial and seasonal drip water. By comparing the regional climate data recorded by the drip water, the results showed that the perennial drip water recorded regional climate information throughout the year, whereas the seasonal drip water only recorded the high precipitation periods. The precipitation during the 2015 dry season was abnormally high, and higher than the values in other rainy seasons. This indicates that hydrogeochemistry only represents changes in precipitation and not the alternation of dry and rainy seasons during this period.
The Crystal Structure of Wild-Type Growth Hormone at 2.5 a Resolution
Authors: Chantalat L. , Jones N.D. , Korber F. , Navaza J. , Pavlovsky A.G.
Published: June 2022

The three-dimensional structure of uncomplexed natural sequence recombinant human growth hormone has been determined to 2.5 A. resolution by means of X-ray crystallographic techniques. The structure was solved using molecular replacement with a model of a hGH variant. The crystallographic refinement of the structure gave a final R-factor of 21.3% for data in the range from 8 to 2.5 A.
An Insight into the Functional Benefit of Phenolic Acids from Whole
Grains: An Update
Authors: Chauhan Monika , Mahanty Jayshree , Kumar Sudhir , Singh Harjeet , Sharma Alok
Published: June 2022

Plant metabolites are known for their beneficial effects on human health. Whole
grains are also called as a virtuous source of staple food and phenolic acids. These acids are present
in whole grains abundantly in three forms, free, conjugated, and bound. From the entire content
of phenolic acids in whole grains, an abundance of bound phenolic acids is about 70-95%.
The bioavailability of phenolic acids varies from simple molecules to complex molecules. However,
mechanical cooking influences phenolic acid's structural and functional composition. These
natural phenolic acids exhibit several pharmacological activities such as antioxidant effect, antiinflammatory,
antimicrobial, and anticancer properties within the physiological system. The present
review covers the research and development of crucial whole grain products and nutraceuticals
by providing insights to analytical methods, bioavailability, bioaccessibility and health benefits
of phenolic acids. Additionally, this review encompasses recent information on the evaluation
of complete grains, including contemporary strategies for assessing the bioavailability of
phenolic acid.
Contribution of Pharmaceutical Care to Person-centered Health Care and
the Safety of Pharmacotherapy for Hospitalized Older Individuals in Brazil:
An Investigative Single-arm Intervention Trial
Authors: de Oliveira Alan Maicon , Varallo Fabiana Rossi , Rodrigues João Paulo Vilela , Aguilar Guilherme José , da Costa Lima Nereida Kilza , Leira Pereira Leonardo Régis
Published: June 2022

Background:

Adverse drug events (ADE) and medication errors (ME) provide large numbers of victims. Older people are more susceptible to these events, due to the continuing search for several chronic degenerative disease treatments. The Third Global Patient Safety Challenge announced the objective of reducing unnecessary polypharmacy, encouraging deprescription, and aiming to ensure the prescription of medications in an appropriate manner, based on the best evidence and taking into account the individual factors of people.

Objective:

To evaluate whether the Pharmaceutical Care (PC), when inserted in a geriatric ward and in the context of person-centered health care, cooperates with the safety of pharmacotherapy in older individuals in Brazil.

Methods:

This is an investigative, single-arm, preliminary study. Inclusion criteria: individuals aged ≥60 years and admitted in the geriatric ward between August 2019 to January 2020. The PC (with the practice of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, medication reconciliation, and pharmacotherapy review) was made available to identifying ADE and ME, as well as the associated factors and clinical outcomes, were analyzed.

Results:

60 participants were included. It was found that, on hospital admission, 93.3% of them were polymedicated and 86.7% had a history of using potentially inappropriate medications (PIM). ADE and ME were detected in 43 individuals (71.7%) and, in total, 115 incidents were identified, with drugs that act on the nervous system associated with them (31.9%). Acceptance of the PC's recommendations reached the rate of 85.2%. Polypharmacy (p=0.03) and the presence of multiple diseases (p=0.03) had effect on the presentation of ADE and ME. The number of medications in use decreased in the comparison between admission and hospital discharge (p<0.0001).

Conclusion:

This investigative study indicated that ADE and ME are linked to the polypharmacy in use at the beginning of hospitalization. On the other hand, we showed that the PC (inserted in the multidisciplinary team) contributed to the deprescribing of medications at hospital discharge. Therefore, the PC can provide improvements in this scenario.

Trial registration:

Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration number: RBR-34f2px4).
Smartphone Addiction among Students and its Harmful Effects on Mental
Health, Oxidative Stress, and Neurodegeneration towards Future
Modulation of Anti-Addiction Therapies: A Comprehensive Survey based
on SLR, Research Questions, and Network Visualization Techniques
Authors: Akhtar Faijan , Patel Parth K. , Heyat Md Belal Bin , Yousaf Saba , Baig Atif Amin , Mohona Rashenda Aziz , Mutoffar Muhamad Malik , Bhattacharya Tanima , Teelhawod Bibi Nushrina , Li Jian Ping , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Wu Kaishun
Published: June 2022

Background:

Addiction is always harmful to the human body. Smartphone addiction also affects students' mental and physical health.

Aim:

This study aims to determine the research volume conducted on students who are affected by smartphone addiction and design a database. We intended to highlight critical problems for future research. In addition, this paper enterprises a comprehensive and opinion-based image of the smartphone-addicted students.

Methodology:

We used two types of methods, such as systematic literature review and research questions
based on the Scopus database to complete this study. We found 27 research articles and 11885 subjects
(mean ±SD: 440.19 ± 513.58) using the PRISMA technique in this study. Additionally, we have deeply
investigated evidence to retrieve the current understanding of smartphone addiction from physical changes,
mental changes, behavioural changes, impact on performance, and significant concepts. Furthermore,
the effect of this addiction has been linked to cancers, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Results:

This work has also revealed the future direction and research gap on smartphone addiction among students and has also tried to provide goals for upcoming research to be accomplished more significantly and scientifically.

Conclusion:

This study suggests future analysis towards identifying novel molecules and pathways for the treatment and decreasing the severity of mobile addiction.
Congenital Bleeding Disorders and COVID-19 - An Emphasis on the Role
of Thrombosis as One of the Main Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in
COVID-19
Authors: Dorgalaleh Akbar , Narouei Fatemeh , Asadi Mansur , Khamsi Hassan Morovati , Gholami Mohammad Saeed
Published: June 2022

A turbulent coagulation system is a prominent feature of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), with venous thromboembolism (VTE) a leading cause of death. Our hypothesis is that patients with inherited hypocoagulability, like congenital bleeding disorders (CBD), enjoy a protective effect against COVID-19-induced hypercoagulability and related fatal consequences. Our primary and follow-up observations revealed this effect, at least among patients with moderate to severe congenital bleeding disorders, particularly coagulation factor deficiencies. Theoretically, patients with inherited hypocoagulobility have only a potential protective effect against COVID-19-related hypercoagulability. Yet the lower rate of morbidity and mortality in patients with CBDs suggests that hypercoagulability and thrombotic events are the main cause of death in COVID-19. Therefore, appropriate and timely administration of anticoagulants could significantly decrease the rate of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19.
Effects of a Short-term Training Program on the Technical Performance of Shuttlecock Athletes Aged 10-11
Authors: Nguyen Van Hoa , Nguyen Quang Vinh , Phung Xuan Dung , Nguyen Quang Son , Hoang Ha
Published: June 2022

Background:

Shuttlecock has become a popular sport in Vietnam, turning into a strength of the country. It is a sport with diverse techniques and is challenging to practice. To train shuttlecock athletes, coaches need to give the technical training appropriately from the early stage of the training process.

Methods:

The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a short-term skill training program on the technical abilities of young shuttlecock athletes. Seventeen adolescent shuttlecock athletes (10 to 11 years) playing for two shuttlecock teams in Ho Chi Minh City were divided into the experimental group (n=9) and the control group (n=8). The training program included five sessions per week (60 minutes of practicing technical skills each), and it was conducted for three months. Sixteen exercises were chosen to develop the experimental group’s technical skills, such as serving, spiking, passing, and slamming for the experimental group. The study also developed a skill-testing battery that was reliable and valid to assess the technical abilities of the participants.

Results:

The results showed that the experimental group’s technical performance (W=19.47%) was much better than those of the control group (W=12.85%).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the short-term training program effectively enhanced the technical performance of the young shuttlecock athletes.
Ayurvedic Herbs Advised for COVID-19 Management: Therapeutic
Potential and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Kumar Awanish , Gupta Prashant Kumar , Sonewane Kishor , Rajan Mariappan , Chauhan Nagendra Singh
Published: June 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. There is no effective medication for COVID-
19 as of now, so it would be good to take preventive measures that not only boost our immunity but
also fight against infections. The use of traditional Chinese medicine in China to treat COVID-19
patients sets the prototype demonstrating that traditional medicines can contribute to prevention and
treatment successfully. In India, the Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy)
released a self-care advisory during the COVID-19 crisis as a preventive aspect. This review
article discusses the therapeutic potential and clinical relevance of some herbs [(Tulsi (Ocimum
sanctum), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Tvaka (Cinnamon), Maricha (Piper longum), Shunthi (Zingiber
officinale), Munakka (Dried grapes), Lavang (Syzigiumaromaticum), Pudina (Mentha arvensis),
and Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi)] advised by AUYSH to take during COVID-19 infection. They
are effective in COVID-19 management, therefore, authors have discussed their detailed traditional
uses as therapeutics and spotted scientific insight and clinical significance of the herbs mentioned
above along with their mechanistic viewpoint, adequately, on a single platform. Provided information
could be a treasure to open up a new research arena on natural products to manage human
health crises effectively, caused not only by COVID-19 but also by other infectious diseases.
FASCÍCULO COMPLEMENTARIO I: Presentación: Guía para autores 1991
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro regional del Bajío, Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela , Rzedowski Jerzy ,   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro regional del Bajío
Published: June 2022

La Flora del Bajío y de regiones adyacentes consiste esencialmente en la elaboración y publicación del inventario de las especies de plantas vasculares de los estados de Guanajuato, Querétaro y de la parte norte del de Michoacán. Se trata de una Flora crítica, no de mera compilación, en cuya preparación se tratan de resolver al máximo posible los problemas nomenclaturales y de ubicación taxonómica de las plantas silvestres de la región. Para los interesados en el conocimiento de las plantas mexicanas, la región del Bajío es tradicionalmente un territorio dejado al olvico. Por ser una comarca densamente poblada y sobre todo tan intensamente perturbada, han merecido escasa atención los estudios sobre recursos bióticos.
FASCÍCULO COMPLEMENTARIO II: LISTADO FLORÍSTICO PRELIMINAR DEL ESTADO DE QUERÉTARO
Authors:   Independiente, Argüelles Elizabeth , Fernández Rafael ,   Laboratorio de Botánica Fanerogámica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zamudio Sergio ,   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro regional del Bajío
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo se hace una reseña histórica de los colectores y expediciones botánicas que han explorado el estado de Querétaro hasta 1986 y se presenta una lista de las plantas vasculares que han sido citadas o colectadas en la entidad. De acuerdo con el listado florístico, se registra la existencia de 170 familias, 918 géneros y 2334 especies en Querétaro. Las familias mejor representadas son: Compositae con 110 géneros y 338 especies, Leguminosae con 57 géneros y 203 especies y Gramineae con 52 géneros y 116 especies. Los municipios mejor colectados son Cadereyta, Pinal de Amoles y Querétaro. En total se registraron 176 colectores botánicos siendo los herbarios ENCB, IEB y MEXU en los que se encuentra mejor representada la flora del estado
FASCÍCULO COMPLEMENTARIO VI: LISTADO FLORÍSTICO DEL ESTADO DE MICHOACÁN SECCIÓN I (Gymnospermae; Angiospermae: Acanthaceae-Commelinaceae)
Authors:   Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Rodríguez Jiménez L. Socorro , Espinosa Garduño Judith ,   Departamento de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo se presentan, en forma de un listado, los resultados parciales de la recopilación de información relativa a la riqueza de la flora fanerogámica de Michoacán. Este inventario se elaboró con base en las colectas realizadas en el estado y depositadas en los 10 herbario nacionales que consideramos tienen la mayor representación de la flora de dicha entidad. Con el objeto de facilitar su consulta y dada la cantidad de información recabada, se consideró conveniente presentar este listado en 5 secciones, en las que los datos se disponen en un formato de columnas, eliminando al máximo el uso de claves y símbolos. En cada sección se incluye una relación de colectores, indicando las instituciones para las que éstos realizaron el trabajo de campo.
FASCÍCULO COMPLEMENTARIO VII: LISTADO FLORÍSTICO DEL ESTADO DE MICHOACÁN SECCIÓN II (Angiospermae: Compositae)
Authors:   Departamento de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Espinosa Garduño Judith , Rodríguez Jiménez L. Socorro ,   Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo se presentan, en forma de un listado, los resultados parciales de la recopilación de información relativa a la riqueza de la flora fanerogámica de Michoacán. Este inventario se elaboró con base en las colectas realizadas en el estado depositadas en los 10 herbarios nacionales que consideramos tienen la mayor representación de la flora de dicha entidad. Con el objeto de facilitar su consulta y dad la cantidad de información recabada, se consideró conveniente presentar este listado en 5 secciones, en las que los datos se disponen en un formato de columnas, eliminando al máximo el uso de claves y símbolos. En cada sección se incluye una relación de colectores, indicando las instituciones para las qu eéstos realizaron el trabajo de campo.