bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Hofman Mariusz , Jamróz Tomasz , Jakutowicz Izabela , Jarski Paweł , Masarczyk Wilhelm , Niedbała Marcin , Przybyłko Nikodem , Kocur Damian , Baron Jan
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Complex intracranial aneurysms (CIA) are heterogenous group of intracranial vascular malformations. Due to its giant size, difficult location, broad neck, branches arising from the aneurysm, wall structure, calcification, presence of intraluminal thrombus or previous treatments it requires more careful approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate endovascular treatment results of CIA in our Department.

Material and methods

In order to differentiate CIA from all the aneurysms, treated endovascularly in years 2008-2014, authors proposed their own qualification criteria. Additionally, subgroup of patients with CIA with simultaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) was divided. Clinical outcomes of patients were assessed with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), while radiological outcomes were assessed with Montreal Scale. Aneurysm localization, incidence of aborted procedures, intraoperative complications were also evaluated.

Results

Internal carotid artery was the most common localization in both CIA and non-complex (nCIA) groups. Incidence of aborted procedures was significantly higher in CIA group than in nCIA (25% vs. 7%; p < 0.01). CIA group had worse Montreal scores then nCIA group (1.90 vs. 1.49; p < 0.01). Clinical outcome in GOS scale in patients with SAH and CIA was significantly worse than in SAH and nCIA (2.86 vs. 4.06; p = 0.04).

Conclusions

To conclude, proposed criteria of CIA should be taken into consideration during diagnosis and qualification to invasive treatment. Classifying aneurysm as CIA is related to greater possibility of aborting endovascular procedure due to technical difficulties.
Transcatheter retrieval of an Amplatzer Vascular Plug
Authors: Sato Yozo , Inaba Yoshitaka , Hasegawa Takaaki , Murata Shinichi , Kimbara Yuki , Senda Yoshiki
Published: July 2018

Introduction

An Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP), which was designed as a permanent occluding device derived from the Amplatzer Septal Occluder and Amplatzer Duct Occluder, is a useful embolic device that can be precisely deployed in medium to large vessels with high resistance to migration. However, migration of these Amplatzer devices has been reported as a relatively rare but major complication.

Case report

A 59-year-old woman was referred for the treatment of advanced pancreatic body cancer; after systemic chemotherapy, distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP-CAR) was planned as curative treatment. Therefore, preoperative embolisation of the common hepatic artery (CHA) for arterial redistribution was performed. Although a 6-mm AVP II was deployed at the mid-portion of the CHA, the AVP migrated to the proper hepatic artery. Although migrated AVP retrieval using a goose neck snare was attempted, it was impossible to retrieve it into the 5-F guiding sheath. Therefore, the AVP was delivered to the splenic artery, which was planned to be resected in DP-CAR. Finally, a 10-mm AVP II was redeployed at the proximal portion of the CHA, and complete occlusion was achieved.

Conclusions

When AVP retrieval is not possible, delivery to the other arteries having lesser influence might be an alternate technique.
Use of pessary in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunctions: a systematic review
Authors: Scarabelot Karoline , Pereira Franciele , Ghizzo Luana , Willing Jéssica , Virtuoso Janeisa
Published: July 2018

Purpose

To describe and evaluate the scientific evidence on the use of pessary in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunctions.

Methods

This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases searched were ScienceDirect, PubMed, PEDro, and BVS. The following descriptors were used: ‘clinical trial,’ ‘pessary,’ ‘pelvic floor,’ and the Boolean operator ‘and.’ The search was conducted between November 2016 and February 2017. The methodological quality of the selected articles was analysed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.

Results

After the insertion of the filters in the databases, 379 titles were selected, of which 5 articles were picked out in pairs for analysis as a whole. The 3 studies investigating the use of pessary in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse included women with prolapse stages II–III. The rings or Gellhorn pessaries were the most frequently used, and all showed benefits in decreasing urinary symptoms and improvement of prolapse.

Conclusions

The pessary is beneficial for the treatment of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Good methodological quality was also identified in most studies included.
An Analysis of Fifth Grade Mathematics Course Book in Terms of Advance Organizers
Authors: Şen Özgür
Published: July 2018

This study aims to analyse the advance organizers included in the course book “Secondary School Mathematics Course Book 5”—which was prepared in accordance with 2017 secondary school mathematics curriculum and which was accepted as an educational material by Turkish Education Board of Ministry of National Education for use in 2017-2018 academic year—in terms of use, functions and forms. Employing qualitative research method, this study uses document analysis. Content analysis is used in the analysis of the research data. It was found in consequence that comparative advance organizers comparing the previous and new knowledge were heavily used in the course book.
Reciprocal Chromosome Translocation Between the Left-End 220kb of Chromosome II and the Right-End 270kb of Chromosome X in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Takeda Masaharu , Okushiba Takahito
Published: July 2018

Southern hybridization of chromosomes and the physical mapping of the genes used as several probes on the respective chromosomes II and X showed that the left-end ca. 220kb of chromosome II including ATP1 was exchanged the right-end ca. 270kb of chromosome X including ATP2 resulting the reciprocal chromosome translocation in the yeast strain YNN290, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. YTO290, the mutated strain by the reciprocal chromosome translocation as above described, was changed from red to white of the colony-color, and sizes of chromosome II lengthened from ca. 830kb to ca. 900kb and chromosome X shortened from ca. 760kb to ca. 690kb, respectively, in compared with the original strain YNN290. But, YTO290 strain was the same as the original strain YNN290 for other properties; the nutrient requiring of the genotype, the ploidy, the mitochondrial respiratory activity, the cell-size, and the growth-rate (doubling time), the number of chromosomes in a cell, It should be as a total number of nucleotides (bases) of genome.ATP1 or ATP2 and their neighboring base sequences respectively should be transferred from chromosome II left-end ca. 220kb to chromosome X right-end or chromosome X right-end ca. 270kb to chromosome II left-end accompanying with this reciprocal chromosome translocation. This mutated (the reciprocal chromosomes II and X translocation = exchanged those end-sequences as above described) strain, YTO290, seemed to lead to decrease the stability of the changed chromosomes II and X. The mutated strain, YTO290 might be observed to go back to the respective chromosomes II and X of the original strain, YNN290, in several months later even at 4°C.
Fiscal Policy Reforms and Their Effects on the Economic Viability of Mineral Projects in Ghana
Authors: Eshun Peter Arroja
Published: July 2018

Mineral sector regulatory and fiscal policies in Ghana have undergone a lot of reforms over the past three decades in an effort to attract the much-needed Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into the mineral sector and also to maximise the returns from the exploitation of mineral asset to the country. This paper puts in perspective the effect of changes in fiscal policies on the viability of mineral projects and assesses the general risk associated with investing in the mineral industry of Ghana, using the Sikaman Gold Mining (SGM) Project as a test case. Cash flow, sensitivity and risk analyses of the SGM Project under three fiscal regimes namely: PNDCL 153, Act 703, and amendments to Act 703, indicated the second regime as the most economically favourable as it gave the highest NPV and lowest risk. It is recommended that the government should involve the mineral industry players during such reviews to show all-inclusiveness. Furthermore, mineral investors are advised to explore stability and development agreements to protect their investments in the wake of changes in fiscal policies in the mineral industry of Ghana. Future research could consider comparing the current fiscal regime of Ghana with those of the competing countries within the Sub-Saharan African region to assess whether Ghana could continue to pride itself as a preferred investment destination within the sub-region.
Mechanizmy obronne roślin drzewiastych uruchamiane w odpowiedzi na atak patogenów
Authors: Wilmowicz Emilia , Kućko Agata , Kopcewicz Jan
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the mechanisms of tree responses to pathogens. We describe natural resistance concerning the presence of different types of barriers protecting plants from invasion and also give them strength after a pathogen attack. We put emphasis on induced resistance functioning both locally and systemically and involvement of phytohormones signaling networks. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) involved the action of salicylic acid and H202 and accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins. In turn, jasmonates and ethylene are signaling molecules in the induced resistance (SIR). All these substances play a crucial role in the forest management and can be applied in the tree protection strategies based on the natural and synthetic active compounds.
Музеография фрагментов лесных земель в трансграничном формате
Authors: Чернобай Юрий
Published: July 2018

Рассмотрено сохранение фрагментов лесного покрова в зонах пограничных переходов между Польшей и Украиной. Существует важное cходство сетевой организации экомузеев и локальных деловых кластеров. Есть возможность выделять территориальные объекты как музейно-лесные кластеры (МЛК) на основе лесных фрагментов. МЛК регионального уровня формируются в пределах трансграничных биосферных резерватов: «Восточные Карпаты», «Росточье» и «Западное Полесье». Узловые МЛК находятся в коммуникации с локальными МЛК при пограничных переходах. Рост числа транспортных и пеших переходов усиливает актуальность сохранения природного и культурного наследия на пограничье.
Miejsce odpadów drzewnych w gospodarce cyrkularnej
Authors: Jakubus Monika
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the problem of wood wastes and wood management in Poland. The overview of obligatory European directive and Polish law acts dedicated to wood wastes was presented. The special attention was focused on the actual problems concerned with the introduction of the circular economy and Life Cycle Assessment. The current Polish classification of wood wastes was shown. Moreover, the present sustainable management of wood wastes and raddled wood was analysed.
Wartość funkcji rekreacyjnej Leśnego Kompleksu Promocyjnego „Lasy Janowskie”
Authors: Mandziuk Agnieszka , Parzych Stanisław
Published: July 2018

In recent years, recreation in forest areas is gaining in importance. Therefore, there is a need for its valuation. The valuation services of the forest environment is a relatively new field of science but is applied in practice. One of the examples is presented in this paper. The article describes the economic valuation of non-wood forest uses e. g. forest recreational function. The research was conducted in the “Janowskie Forests” Promotional
Fentanyl and its derivatives as a group of new psychoactive substances (designer drugs)
Authors: Zawadzki Marcin , Nowak Karolina
Published: July 2018

Fentanyl has been known for many years. It has been widely used in emergency medicine and anaesthesiology. Due to its strong action, it gained a reputation of a popular addictive drug. Over the past years, fentanyl derivatives, produced as new psychoactive substances (designer drugs), have become a growing problem in clinical and forensic toxicology due to their non-therapeutic use. Both the variability in the construction of fentanyls and, consequently, the change in toxokinetic properties, as well as their high toxicity, often lead people to take this group of compounds to fatal intoxication. The purpose of this paper is to present various formulations of fentanyl and to discuss the properties of fentanyl and its derivatives, with particular emphasis on the toxicity of this group of compounds. Reviewing the available literature, the authors also focused on presenting the therapeutic concentrations of fentanyl and its most popular analogues, comparing them with the concentrations observed in lethal opioid poisonings.
Legal Personhood: Animals, Artificial Intelligence and the Unborn. Kurki, V. A. J.; Pietrzykowski, T. (eds.)
Authors: Zibner Jan
Published: July 2018

Kurki, V. A. J.; Pietrzykowski, T. (eds.). (2017) Legal Personhood: Animals, Artificial Intelligence and the Unborn. Springer International Publishing, 158 p.
Avaliação institucional e o trabalho docente: perspectiva emancipatória
Authors: Leite Denise
Published: July 2018

O artigo aborda a avaliação institucional sob a perspectiva emancipatória e a tendência regulatória de políticas avaliativas implementadas em diversos países e diferentes instituições. Para isto são introduzidos conceitos de emancipação e regulação em avaliação a partir do olhar sobre as relações estado e Universidade.Palavras-chave: avaliação institucional, trablaho docente, emancipação.
Evangelización e instrucción pública en el orden colonial español
Authors: Martínez Boom Alberto
Published: July 2018

La ocupación de los territorios conquistados por el imperio español alcanzó mediante las prácticas de doctrina y evangelización la sustitución de unos elementos culturales por otros, esta implantación de nuevas formas de vida supuso además de la fuerza el despliegue sistemático de labores educativas. El tiempo de la Colonia con sus instituciones políticas, sociales y religiosas fue también el tiempo de la encomienda, la manumisión, el regalismo borbónico y la gestación de algunas de las condiciones que hicieron posible la emergencia de la escuela pública en el Nuevo Reino de Granada. Rastrear este acontecimiento exige detenerse en la función del plan de escuela como documento privilegiado en la distinción analítica entre escuela y otros modos educativos.
Five Decades of Mathematics Education Research
Authors: Inglis Matthew , Foster Colin
Published: July 2018

Mathematics educators have been publishing their work in international research journals for nearly 5 decades. How has the field developed over this period? We analyzed the full text of all articles published in Educational Studies in Mathematics and the Journal for Research in Mathematics Education since their foundation. Using Lakatos's (1978) notion of a research programme, we focus on the field's changing theoretical orientations and pay particular attention to the relative prominence of the experimental psychology, constructivist, and sociocultural programmes. We quantitatively assess the extent of the “social turn,” observe that the field is currently experiencing a period of theoretical diversity, and identify and discuss the “experimental cliff,” a period during which experimental investigations migrated away from mathematics education journals.
Results and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) after One-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Hip: A Single-centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Kuiper Jesse W.P. , Rustenburg Christine M.E. , Willems Jore H. , Verberne Steven J. , Peters Edgar J.G. , Saouti Rachid
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Background: Little is known about functional outcome and quality of life (QoL) after one-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip.Methods: a cohort of 30 subjects treated with one-stage revision between 2011 and 2015 was identified, and questionnaires on functional outcome and QoL were distributed.Results: 28 subjects were successfully treated (93%). Most subjects were referred from other hospitals. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was found in 50% of the cases, and 40% of all cultured bacteria were multidrug-resistant. 25% had subsequent revision surgery, unrelated to PJI. Functional outcome was good and QoL scores were high, comparable to prosthetic joint revision surgery in general.Conclusion: Although the cohort was small and statistical analysis was not performed, this study showed that excellent results can be obtained with one-stage revision for hip PJI. Functional outcome and QoL was comparable to prosthetic joint revision surgery in general.
Performance comparison of machine learning techniques in sleep scoring based on wavelet features and neighboring component analysis
Authors: Alizadeh Savareh Behrouz , Bashiri Azadeh , Behmanesh Ali , Meftahi Gholam Hossein , Hatef Boshra
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Sleep scoring is an important step in the treatment of sleep disorders. Manual annotation of sleep stages is time-consuming and experience-relevant and, therefore, needs to be done using machine learning techniques. methods: Sleep-edf polysomnography was used in this study as a dataset. Support Vector Machines and Artificial Neural Network performance were compared in sleep scoring using wavelet tree features and neighborhood component analysis. Results: Neighboring component analysis as a combination of linear and non-linear feature selection method had a substantial role in feature dimension reduction. Artificial neural network and support vector machine achieved 90.30% and 89.93% accuracy respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Similar to the state of the art performance, introduced method in the present study achieved an acceptable performance in sleep scoring. Furthermore, its performance can be enhanced using a technique combined with other techniques in feature generation and dimension reduction. It is hoped that, in the future, intelligent techniques can be used in the process of diagnosing and treating sleep disorders.
Lower rotational inertia and larger leg muscles indicate more rapid turns in tyrannosaurids than in other large theropods
Authors: Snively Eric , O'Brien Haley , Henderson Donald M , Mallison Heinrich , Surring Lara A , Burns Michael E , Holtz, Jr. Thomas R , Russell Anthony P , Witmer Lawrence M , Currie Philip J , Hartman Scott A , Cotton John R
Published: July 2018

Synopsis: Tyrannosaurid dinosaurs had larger than predicted preserved leg muscle attachments and low rotational inertia relative to their body mass, indicating that they could turn more quickly than other large theropods. Methods: To compare turning capability in theropods, we regressed agility estimates against body mass, incorporating superellipse-based modeled mass, centers of mass, and rotational inertia (mass moment of inertia). Muscle force relative to body mass is a direct correlate of agility in humans, and torque gives potential angular acceleration. Agility scores therefore include rotational inertia values divided by proxies for (1) muscle force (ilium area and estimates of m. caudofemoralis longus cross-section), and (2) musculoskeletal torque. Phylogenetic ANCOVA (phylANCOVA) allow assessment of differences in agility between tyrannosaurids and non-tyrannosaurid theropods (accounting for both ontogeny and phylogeny). We applied conditional error probabilities a(p) to stringently test the null hypothesis of equal agility. Results: Tyrannosaurids consistently have agility index magnitudes twice those of allosauroids and some other theropods of equivalent mass, turning the body with both legs planted or pivoting over a stance leg. PhylANCOVA demonstrates definitively greater agilities in tyrannosaurids, and phylogeny explains nearly all covariance. Mass property results are consistent with those of other studies based on skeletal mounts, and between different figure-based methods (our main mathematical slicing procedures, lofted 3D computer models, and simplified graphical double integration). Implications: The capacity for relatively rapid turns in tyrannosaurids is ecologically intriguing in light of their monopolization of large (>400 kg), toothed dinosaurian predator niches in their habitats.
Cryo-EM structure of alpha-synuclein fibrils
Authors: Guerrero-Ferreira Ricardo , Taylor Nicholas MI , Mona Daniel , Ringler Philippe , Lauer Matthias E , Riek Roland , Britschgi Markus , Stahlberg Henning
Published: July 2018

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neuropathological disorder that belongs to the class of synucleinopathies, in which the protein alpha-synuclein is found at abnormally high concentrations in affected neurons. Its hallmark are intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. We here report the structure of cytotoxic alpha-synuclein fibrils (residues 1–121), determined by cryo-electron microscopy at a resolution of 3.4 Å. Two protofilaments form a polar fibril composed of staggered β-strands. The backbone of residues 38 to 95, including the fibril core and the non-amyloid component region, are well resolved in the EM map. Residues 50–57, containing three of the mutation sites associated with familial synucleinopathies, form the interface between the two protofilaments and contribute to fibril stability. A hydrophobic cleft at one end of the fibril may have implications for fibril elongation, and invites for the design of molecules for diagnosis and treatment of synucleinopathies.
Exploring The Vaw Method Of Writing Among Esl Primary Pupils: Conceptual Paper
Authors: Daud Dg Nursazwani binti , Akmam Din Wardatul , AlSaqqaf Asmaa
Published: July 2018

The lack of writing skills among rural ESL primary school pupils in Malaysia has been identified based on the school level assessments. Based on the teachers as the researchers’ perspectives, the problem of writing among these rural young learners is cause by the lack of vocabulary acquisition where they don’t have choices of words in expressing their ideas in writing. Therefore, the researchers propose method with a writing module focusing on vocabulary enhancement in improving the writing skills among these learners. This module i.e. the VAW Module uses the VAW Method that comprises of vocabulary enhancement (V), application and practice (A) and Writing (W) is anticipated to help the pupils to power up their writing before they undergo the Primary School Achievement Test (UPSR) in Year 6 i.e. the national examination taken by all students in Malaysia at the end of their sixth year in primary school before they leave for secondary school.
The Ideology of Puritanism in John Milton’s Paradise Lost
Authors: Hamidizadeh Parisa , Mahmoudi Yazdan , Hamidizadeh Amir
Published: July 2018

John Milton can be considered one of the key figures who was not satisfied with the dominant religion and struggled to intensify the essence of Protestantism in form of Puritanism. Through a minute analysis of John Milton’s Paradise Lost and the religious context he lived in, his Puritan ideology in his masterpiece can be traced. It is believed that there are a number of puritan elements embedded in book IX of Paradise Lost. Therefore, the authors try to reveal, enumerate and explain these elements. In doing so, Louis Althusser’s symptomatic reading of ideology will be applied as a background theory so as to justify the main idea of the study. Moreover, the will show how book IX of Paradise Lost can be viewed as the epitome of misogyny; so it makes an effort to nullify McColley’s claim regarding Milton’s equality of sexes.
Existentialist Echoes in Harold Pinter’s Early Poetry
Authors: Bakhshizadeh Gashti Yousef
Published: July 2018

This paper has attempted to investigate the absurdist voices in Harold Pinter’s selected poems written from 1951to1953. These poems belonging to his early phase of writing as the poet deals with the major obsessions of post-Modern man depicting his anxiety of identity aggravated by his existential condition. Pinter’s early poetry characterizes him as an absurdist poet and expresses his world view through distinctive images and tones. The selected poems appear to be a blending of his absurdist insights with his poetic art. His early poems predominantly portray existential anxiety, absurdity and pessimism. The study seeks to reflect on Pinter as a practitioner of the ‘Literature of the Absurd’ who tries to depict how different people act and react when they confront different aspects of absurdity and existential dilemma.
Authentic Learning: Enhancing Learners’ Academic Literacy Skills
Authors: Agbesi Wornyo Albert , Kwesi Klu Ernest , Motlhaka Hlaviso
Published: July 2018

Several studies have shown that authentic learning facilitates learners’ acquisition of knowledge, understanding of concepts and application of skills to solve real life problems. This study explores how authentic learning can be used to help English as a Second Language (ESL) learners to acquire academic literacy skills. The objective of the study was to observe students’ reaction to authentic learning, to find out their learning styles and to find out their views about the authentic learning tasks and activities. The study adopted observation and a qualitative free text comments approach to collect data about students’ reaction to the authentic learning activities and students’ learning styles. In addition, focus group discussions and interviews were conducted to let students express their views about the authentic learning tasks and activities that were implemented. The paper presents the views of students about the authentic learning tasks and activities that were implemented. The students reacted positively to the authentic learning tasks and activities and expressed satisfaction. The findings of the study demonstrate that authentic learning can be used to enhance the academic literacy skills of ESL learners.
Who bears the cost of forest conservation?
Authors: Poudyal Mahesh , Jones Julia P.G. , Rakotonarivo O. Sarobidy , Hockley Neal , Gibbons James M. , Mandimbiniaina Rina , Rasoamanana Alexandra , Andrianantenaina Nilsen S. , Ramamonjisoa Bruno S.
Published: July 2018

Background

While the importance of conserving ecosystems for sustainable development is widely recognized, it is increasingly evident that despite delivering global benefits, conservation often comes at local cost. Protected areas funded by multilateral lenders have explicit commitments to ensure that those negatively affected are adequately compensated. We make the first comparison of the magnitude and distribution of the local costs of a protected area with the magnitude and distribution of the compensation provided under the World Bank social safeguard policies (Performance Standard 5).

Methods

In the Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor (a new protected area and REDD+ pilot project in eastern Madagascar), we used choice experiments to estimate local opportunity costs (n= 453) which we annualized using a range of conservative assumptions concerning discount rates. Detailed surveys covering farm inputs and outputs as well as off-farm income (n= 102) allowed us to explore these opportunity costs as a proportion of local incomes. Intensive review of publically available documents provided estimates of the number of households that received safeguard compensation and the amount spent per household. We carried out a contingent valuation exercise with beneficiaries of this compensation two years after the micro-development projects were implemented (n= 62) to estimate their value as perceived by beneficiaries.

Results

Conservation restrictions result in very significant costs to forest communities. The median net present value of the opportunity cost across households in all sites was US$2,375. When annualized, these costs represent 27–84% of total annual income for median-income households; significantly higher proportionally for poorer households. Although some households have received compensation, we conservatively estimate that more than 50% of eligible households (3,020 households) have not. Given the magnitude of compensation (based both on amount spent and valuation by recipients two years after the compensation was distributed) relative to costs, we argue that no one was fully compensated. Achieving full compensation will require an order of magnitude more than was spent but we suggest that this should be affordable given the global value of forest conservation.

Discussion

By analyzing in unprecedented depth both the local costs of conservation, and the compensation distributed under donor policies, we demonstrate that despite well-intentioned policies, some of the poorest people on the planet are still bearing the cost of forest conservation. Unless significant extra funding is provided by the global beneficiaries of conservation, donors’ social safeguarding requirements will not be met, and forest conservation in developing countries will jeopardize, rather than contribute to, sustainable development goals.
Motor self-regulation in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) in a detour-reaching task
Authors: Langbein Jan
Published: July 2018

Motor self-regulation is the ability to inhibit a prepotent response to a salient cue in favour of a more appropriate response. Motor self-regulation is an important component of the processes that interact to generate effective inhibitory control of behaviour, and is theorized to be a prerequisite of complex cognitive abilities in humans and other animals. In a large comparative study using the cylinder task, motor self-regulation was studied in 36 different species, mostly birds and primates. To broaden the range of species to comprehensively evaluate this phenomenon, motor self-regulation was studied in the domestic goat, which is a social ungulate species and moderate food specialist. Using the cylinder task, goats were first trained to perform a detour-reaching response to retrieve a reward from an opaque cylinder. Subsequently, an otherwise identical transparent cylinder was substituted for the opaque cylinder over 10 test trials. The goats’ ability to resist approaching the visible reward directly by touching the cylinder and to retain the trained detour-reaching response was measured. The results indicated that goats showed motor self-regulation at a level comparable to or better than that of many of the bird and mammal species tested to date. However, the individual reaction patterns revealed large intra- and inter-individual variability regarding motor self-regulation. An improvement across trials was observed only in latency to make contact with the reward; no improvement in the proportion of accurate trials was observed. A short, distinct pointing gesture by the experimenter during baiting did not have any impact on the side of the cylinder to which the goats detoured. In half of goats, individual side biases were observed when detouring to the side of the cylinder, but there was no bias at the population level for either the left or right side. The results underline the need for a detailed examination of individual performance and additional measures to achieve a complete understanding of animal performance in motor self-regulation tasks.
Pluralismo de género y diversidad sexual en la televisión chilena
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Bravo María Cecilia , Amigo Bernardo ,   Universidad de Chile, Baeza Andrea ,   Universidad de Chile, Cabello Cristian ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: July 2018

Este artículo recoge los resultados de una investigación realizada para el Consejo Nacional de Televisión de Chile sobre el respeto a la equidad y diversidad de género en programas de televisión chilenos. Se implementó un dispositivo para identificar las recurrencias de estereotipos en una muestra de 167 personas/personajes televisivos, que constató la persistencia de inequidades y sesgos representacionales de género. Se concluye que las representaciones y estereotipos de género presentes en el corpus, lejos de limitarse a reproducir imágenes y sentidos comunes circulantes en la sociedad, producen significaciones que resultan contradictorias con los avances de la discusión social al respecto.
La prensa brasileña y las elecciones presidenciales: la polarización del contenido periodístico de las revistas en la web
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná (Brasil), Cavassana Fernanda , Cervi Emerson ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná (Brasil)
Published: July 2018

El artículo compara la forma en que dos revistas brasileñas, Veja y CartaCapital, cubrieron los principales candidatos a la presidencia del país en sus medios web en las elecciones de 2014. El corpus está compuesto de 4703 textos, publicados durante el período de campaña, a los que se les aplicó un análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que hay más similitudes que diferencias en la cobertura de ambas revistas. Sin embargo, la principal diferencia es que ambas revistas trataron de forma distinta en sus publicaciones a los candidatos Aécio Neves y Dilma Rousseff según su interés, lo que refleja la polarización de la campaña electoral y las diferencias ideológicas de ambas revistas.
Innovación y sostenibilidad: una relación examinada en organizaciones periodísticas emprendedoras de América Latina
Authors:   San Diego State University (United States), Schmitz Weiss Amy , Higgins Joyce Vanessa de Macedo ,   University of Houston (United States), Calmon Alves Rosental ,   University of Texas at Austin (United States)
Published: July 2018

Este estudio investiga cómo las organizaciones emprendedoras de noticias perciben las innovaciones y la sustentabilidad respecto de las operaciones de sus organizaciones. El estudio se basa en una serie de grupos focales en línea, realizados entre junio y julio de 2015, en los que participaron 16 organizaciones emprendedoras de Latinoamérica. Se identificó que la relación entre innovación y sustentabilidad es compleja, pero fundamental: para los participantes, la innovación es tanto un producto originado por estas organizaciones como un flujo de trabajo periodístico en sí mismo. Las implicancias de estos hallazgos se discuten en el contexto de la educación periodística y de la profesión.
Standing de las fuentes periodísticas en la política de medios argentina (2009 y 2016)
Authors:   CONICET – Instituto de Estudios de América Latina y el Caribe – Universidad de Buenos Aires / Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (Argentina), Koziner Nadia
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo analiza comparativamente el tratamiento de las fuentes informativas que los diarios argentinos Ámbito Financiero y El Cronista Comercial hicieron en 2009 de la Ley N° 26.522 de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual y de los decretos que la modificaron tras la asunción, en 2016, de Mauricio Macri como Presidente de la Nación. Se realiza un análisis de contenido de toda la información publicada sobre esta materia, cuyos resultados arrojan – en ambos casos– un predominio de fuentes gubernamentales. Sin embargo, en el segundo, estas presentan una capacidad diferencial de influir en el encuadre de la regulación plasmada en las coberturas.
Estrategias de gestión de los clubes de golf de la Comunidad de Madrid en Twitter
Authors:   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (España), López de Ayala López María Cruz , García Beatriz Catalina ,   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (España), Fernández José Gabriel ,   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (España)
Published: July 2018

Las redes sociales aportan una comunicación directa de las empresas y marcas y facilitan una mayor interactividad con sus públicos. Mediante un análisis de contenido de los perfiles de Twitter de los clubes de golf de la Comunidad de Madrid, se examina si su naturaleza —pública, privada o comercial— influye en cómo se gestionan estas redes. Entre las conclusiones, destacan diferencias en las estrategias comunicacionales según la naturaleza del club: en los privados y públicos predominan los mensajes informativos, mientras que en los emitidos por los comerciales prevalece una estrategia vinculada al marketing.
¿Programando la creación? Una exploración al campo socio-técnico de YouTube en Chile
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Valderrama Matías , Velasco Patricio ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: July 2018

En los últimos años, se ha prestado gran atención a la influencia que tendrían las plataformas digitales en las prácticas creativas de sus usuarios. Mediante un análisis cualitativo de entrevistas con creadoras y creadores chilenos de contenido audiovisual en YouTube, mostraremos cómo sus prácticas creativas se sitúan dentro de un emergente campo socio-técnico en el que se lucha por diferentes formas de capital. Este campo presentaría dinámicas particulares de distinción, reconocimiento y consagración, que estarían activamente moldeadas por los complejos sistemas algorítmicos y métricas que configuran la valorización y monetización de los contenidos.
The solute transport and binding profile of a novel nucleobase cation symporter 2 from the honeybee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae
Authors: Stoffer‐Bittner Amanda J. , Alexander Candace R. , Dingman Douglas W. , Mourad George S. , Schultes Neil P.
Published: July 2018

Here, we report that a novel nucleobase cation symporter 2 encoded in the genome of the honeybee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae reveals high levels of amino acid sequence similarity to the Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis uric acid and xanthine transporters. This transporter is named P. larvae uric acid permease‐like protein (PlUacP). Even though PlUacP displays overall amino acid sequence similarities, has common secondary structures, and shares functional motifs and functionally important amino acids with E. coli xanthine and uric acid transporters, these commonalities are insufficient to assign transport function to PlUacP. The solute transport and binding profile of PlUacP was determined by radiolabeled uptake experiments via heterologous expression in nucleobase transporter‐deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. PlUacP transports the purines adenine and guanine and the pyrimidine uracil. Hypoxanthine, xanthine, and cytosine are not transported by PlUacP, but, along with uric acid, bind in a competitive manner. PlUacP has strong affinity for adenine Km 7.04 ± 0.18 μm, and as with other bacterial and plant NCS2 proteins, PlUacP function is inhibited by the proton disruptor carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone. The solute transport and binding profile identifies PlUacP as a novel nucleobase transporter.
The effects of alcohol intoxication and sexual interest on men's sexual persistence and hostility in a dating simulation
Authors: Woerner Jacqueline , Abbey Antonia , Pegram Sheri E. , Helmers Breanne R.
Published: July 2018

Perpetrators of sexual assault are often intoxicated; however, few experimental studies evaluate alcohol's “in the moment” effects on sexual aggression. This study extends past theory and research by examining the acute effects of alcohol on men's decisions about how to respond to sexual refusals in a dating simulation. Men (N = 62) ages 21–29 were randomly assigned to consume alcohol (target breath alcohol level 0.080%) or no alcohol. Participants were encouraged to talk to a simulated woman and act as they would on an actual date. They made choices from a list which included nonsexual and sexual options. The female agent was programmed to engage in some sexual activities but refuse others. Refusals became more intense if participants persisted. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to test a path analytic model. As predicted, participants' self‐reported desire to have sex was positively associated with choosing more consensual sexual activities during the simulation (i.e., activities in which the woman willingly engaged). Consensual sexual activities were positively associated with the number of times participants persisted after the woman refused. Alcohol moderated this relationship such that it was stronger for intoxicated men than sober men. The more sexual refusals participants received, the more hostile verbal comments they made to the woman. Contrary to our predictions, this relationship was not moderated by alcohol condition. Because participants had multiple opportunities to escalate their aggression or desist, this paradigm provides new insights into the mechanisms through which intoxication enhances the likelihood of sexual aggression in dating situations.
Flexible and Stretchable Smart Display: Materials, Fabrication, Device Design, and System Integration
Authors: Koo Ja Hoon , Kim Dong Chan , Shim Hyung Joon , Kim Tae‐Ho , Kim Dae‐Hyeong
Published: July 2018

Recent technological advances in nanomaterials have driven the development of high‐performance light‐emitting devices with flexible and stretchable form factors. Deformability in such devices is mainly achieved by replacing the rigid materials in the device components with flexible nanomaterials and their assemblies (e.g., carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, graphene, and quantum dots) or with intrinsically soft materials and their composites (e.g., polymers and elastomers). Downscaling the dimensions of the functional materials to the nanometer range dramatically decreases their flexural rigidity, and production of polymer/elastomer composites with functional nanomaterials provides light‐emitting devices with flexibility and stretchability. Furthermore, monolithic integration of these light‐emitting devices with deformable sensors furnishes the resulting display with various smart functions such as force/capacitive touch‐based data input, personalized health monitoring, and interactive human–machine interfacing. These ultrathin, lightweight, and deformable smart optoelectronic devices have attracted widespread interest from materials scientists and device engineers. Here, a comprehensive review of recent progress concerning these flexible and stretchable smart displays is presented with a focus on materials development, fabrication techniques, and device designs. Brief overviews of an integrated system of advanced smart displays and cutting‐edge wearable sensors are also presented, and, to conclude, a discussion of the future research outlook is given.
Lithium Silicide Surface Enrichment: A Solution to Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Tang Wei , Yin Xuesong , Kang Sujin , Chen Zhongxin , Tian Bingbing , Teo Siew Lang , Wang Xiaowei , Chi Xiao , Loh Kian Ping , Lee Hyun‐Wook , Zheng Guangyuan Wesley
Published: July 2018

The propensity of lithium dendrite formation during the charging process of lithium metal batteries is linked to inhomogeneity on the lithium surface layer. The high reactivity of lithium and the complex surface structure of the native layer create “hot spots” for fast dendritic growth. Here, it is demonstrated that a fundamental restructuring of the lithium surface in the form of lithium silicide (LixSi) can effectively eliminate the surface inhomogeneity on the lithium surface. In situ optical microscopic study is carried out to monitor the electrochemical deposition of lithium on the LixSi‐modified lithium electrodes and the bare lithium electrode. It is observed that a much more uniform lithium dissolution/deposition on the LixSi‐modified lithium anode can be achieved as compared to the bare lithium electrode. Full cells paring the modified lithium anode with sulfur and LiFePO4 cathodes show excellent electrochemical performances in terms of rate capability and cycle stability. Compatibility of the anode enrichment method with mass production process also offers a practical way for enabling lithium metal anode for next‐generation lithium batteries.
Transparency as design choice of open data contests
Authors: Brunswicker Sabine , Jensen Bjørn , Song Zhounan , Majchrzak Ann
Published: July 2018

Open data contests have become popular virtual events that motivate civic hackers to design high performing software applications that are useful and useable for citizens. However, such contests stir up controversy among scholars and practitioners about the role of transparency, or more specifically, the unrestricted access and observability of the applications submitted throughout the contest. In one view, transparency may reduce performance because it causes excessive replication, whereas another view argues that transparency can encourage novel forms of reuse, namely recombination. This article proposes a new perspective towards transparency as a design choice in open data contest architectures. We introduce a 2‐dimensional view towards transparency, defined as observability of information about each submitted (a) solution (how it works) and its (b) performance (how high it scores). We design a sociotechnical contest architecture that jointly affords both transparency dimensions, and evaluate it in the field during a 21‐day contest involving 28 participants. The results suggest that the joint instantiation of both transparency dimensions increases performance by triggering different kinds of recombination. Findings advance literature on sociotechnical architectures for civic design. Furthermore, they guide practitioners in implementing open data contests and balancing the tension between individual versus collective benefits.
Recombinant Production of Mussel Byssus Inspired Proteins
Authors: Wang Jia , Scheibel Thomas
Published: July 2018

Mussel byssus, the holdfast of mussels, has attracted much attention due to the mechanical gradient properties of its threads and the robust and flexible adhesion to various substrates, features that originate mainly from mussel byssus proteins and could be used in potential applications in biomedicine. However, the applications have been impeded owing to the difficulties concerning the extraction of the natural materials, that is, proteins. Recent advances in recombinant production provide a novel approach to generate mussel byssus inspired proteins, even with the opportunities for scale‐up production. Here, we review the recently investigated mussel byssus inspired proteins produced by biotechnological approaches and applications thereof with particular emphasis on adhesion and coatings.