bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atypical cases of recurrent postcoital cystitis in women: acquired urethral hypermobility
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Eliseev D.E. , Kholodova Ya.G. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Kholodova Zh.L. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Abakumov R.S. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "Clinical Hospital" of the Administrative Department of the Russian Federation; Moscow, Russia, Dobrokhotova Yu.E. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Shaderkina V.A. ,   Urological information portal UroWeb.ru; Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Recurrent postcoital cystitis is considered as a disease that is a consequence of certain congenital prerequisites in the structure of the lower parts of the urogenital tract in women. Materials and methods. When writing the article, we used data on the surgical treatment of recurrent postcoital cystitis in women, posted in the PubMed databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) and the Scientific Electronic Library Elibrary.ru (https://elibrary.ru/). When searching the databases, the following keywords were used:  postcoital cystitis ,  honeymoon cystitis ,  acquired postcoital cystitis ,  hymenotomy ,  urethrogenital adhesions  ( postcoital cystitis ,  honeymoon cystitis ,  acquired postcoital cystitis ,  transposition of the urethra ,  hymenotomy ,  urethro-hymenal fusion ). Results. Patients with recurrent postcoital cystitis represent a heterogeneous group from an etiological point of view. A detailed analysis of complaints and anamnesis of the disease, as well as the causes, conditions and time of recurrence of cystitis helps to clarify the pathogenesis of the disease in each case. The article presents clinical cases of acquired recurrent postcoital cystitis in women who have previously undergone surgery on the lower urinary tract. Conclusion. Recurrent postcoital cystitis can be the result of not only congenital anatomical prerequisites, but also acquired changes in the urogenital area due to surgery or injury.
Acrylate application of the penis in the surgical treatment of hypospadias in boys: multicenter study
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, Akramov N.R. ,   Kazan, Russia, Khaertdinov E.I. ,   Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of the Republic Tatarstan; Kazan, Russia, Batrutdinov R.T. ,   Hypospadias Specialty Centre Private Hospital Scandinavia; Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Baranov Yu.V. ,   Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, pediatric urologis; Yekaterinburg, Russia, Nazmeeva I.Sh. ,   Children's city department №10; Kazan, Russia
Published: July 2021

Introduction. One of the most important aspects of the treatment of hypospadias is the use of a postoperative dressing. Currently, many types of dressings are available, with their advantages and disadvantages. The postoperative dressing should be easy to use, able to control edema, prevent bleeding and the formation of hematomas, and prevent other possible complications. In the last decade, there have been publications in which cyanoacrylate adhesives were used with good results in surgical operations on the penis. Materials and methods. The study included 77 boys who underwent correction of the distal form of hypospadias from January 2018 to December 2020. The first group consisted of 47 boys, whose penile skin was applied with cyanoacrylate tissue glue after the operation was completed. The second group included 30 boys who used a standard circular adhesive bandage. All patients received the same type of treatment. Results. In the early postoperative period, 16 (20.78%) patients had various complications associated with bandages, which were distributed according to the Clavien-Dindo classification and assigned to grade I-II, according to clarien-Dingo classification. In the group of acrylate application, five (10.6%) patients needed to perform manipulations on the penis in the form of repeated adhesive application. When using an elastic self-binding bandage, all patients needed to remove the bandage, and 11 (36.7%) patients needed additional bandages (χ2=6.038; p=0.015). Conclusions. The use of acrylate application is an alternative to standard postoperative dressings in the treatment of hypospadias. The technology of use can be easily trained and reproduced by surgical personnel.
Primary-multiple synchronous malignant neoplasms renal pelvis and both ureters
Authors:   St. Luke Clinic State Budgetary Health Institution of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Popov S.V. S.V. , Guseynov R.G. ,   St. Luke Clinic State Budgetary Health Institution of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Skryabin O.N. ,   St. Luke Clinic State Budgetary Health Institution of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Peremyshlenko A.S. ,   St. Luke Clinic State Budgetary Health Institution of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Perepelitsa V.V. ,   St. Luke Clinic State Budgetary Health Institution of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Davydov A.V ,   St. Luke Clinic State Budgetary Health Institution of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Barkhitdinov R.S. ,   St. Luke Clinic State Budgetary Health Institution of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Katunin A.S. ,   St. Luke Clinic State Budgetary Health Institution of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Mirzabekov M.M. ,   St. Luke Clinic State Budgetary Health Institution of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract in Western countries of Erope and USA occurs in 1-2 cases per 100,000 populations. Nephroretrectomy remains the main method of treatment of this pathology, however, the role of organ-sparing surgeries increases with the bilateral localization of the tumor process. Due to the rarity of bilateral upper urinary tract lesions with urothelial cancer and the lack of data evaluating the results of organ-sparing surgeries in such situations, each clinical case is of interest. Materials and methods. The article describes a case of surgical treatment of a patient with non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas of both ureters and the pelvis of the right kidney, which were manifested by macrohematuria. Results. The diagnosis was confirmed by computer tomography (CT) and ureteroscopy with tumor biopsy, which revealed a neoplasm of the right kidney pelvis, multiple tumors of the distal part of the right ureter and a solitary neoplasm of the middle part of left ureter. The patient underwent laparoscopic nephrureterectomy on the right with transurethral resection of the bladder wall in the area of the mouth of the right ureter and endoscopic removal of the neoplasm in the middle third of the left ureter using laser energy. At the control examination 1,5 months after the surgical treatment, according to the results of CT, cystoscopy with biopsy of the bladder and ureteroscopy, as well as histological examination of the biopsies, no data for tumor growth were found. At CT 6 months after the surgery, no data for the recurrence of cancer were obtained. Сonclusions. This clinical observation demonstrates the technical feasibility and oncological feasibility of using organ-preserving surgical treatment for bilateral localization of low-grade urothelial carcinoma.
Recurrence of bladder cancer in the urethra
Authors:   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Protoshchak V.V ,   St. Petersburg, Russia, Sivakov A.A. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia, Karandashov V.K. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia, Sinelnikov L.M. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia, Gozalishvili S.M. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia, Chirsky V.S. ,   Central Pathology and Anatomical Laboratory of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia, Erokhina A.A. ,   Central Pathology and Anatomical Laboratory of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Bladder cancer (ВС) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary tract. In recent decades, recurrent BC in the urethra has become increasingly common. Given the rarity of this pathology, it is of clinical interest for oncologists and urologists. Materials and methods. A clinical case of recurrent bladder cancer in the urethra in a 63-year-old patient is presented. The results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvic organs and external genital organs, as well as the results of computed tomography of the abdominal organs and observation by a hematologist are presented. Results. For early diagnosis of tumor changes in the urethra in patients with risk factors for the recurrence of BC after cystectomy, careful observation in the form of a cytological study of flushing water from it, performing urethroscopy with ascending urethrography and MRI of the external genital organs is advisable. Conclusions. This clinical observation demonstrates the importance of assessing the state of the urethra when follow up patients after radical cystectomy for BC.
Phytochemical Screening of Decoction and Ethanolic Extract of Amomum dealbatum Roxb. Leaves
Authors: Hanifa Nisa Isneni , Wirasisya Dyke Gita , Muliani Arinda Eka , Utami Septia Budi , Sunarwidhi Anggit Listyacahyani
Published: July 2021

Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) is a species from the genus Amomum widely spread in Lombok. Traditionally, Amomum dealbatum Roxb. (renggak) is an antiseptic to treat rheumatism and arthritis. However, there was limited report of its phytochemical contents and biological activity of Amomum dealbatum Roxb. This study is preliminary research that aims to determine the phytochemical content of Amomum dealbatum Roxb. leaf decoction and its ethanolic extract. For this study, we used two different extraction methods. The fully powdered plant used for the successive extraction in the cold process for maceration methods was 800 g, and ethanols were used as solvents. We used a traditional receipt that utilized three fresh leaves in the decoction methods with 4,5 L of water as solvents. Phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively by using the tube method with specific reagents for each compound. Important phytochemicals that were screened are flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Phytochemical screening from plant extract and decoction revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. Triterpenoid was only detected on the extract, and none of the extract and decoction have saponins and steroids. Our finding provides information about secondary metabolites that present in Amomum dealbatum Roxb. These phytochemical findings are essential and might be useful as quality parameters and to predicts its biological activities.
Relations Between Bicultural Attitudes, Paternal Versus Maternal Acceptance, and Psychological Adjustment of Ethnic Minority Youth in Bangladesh
Authors: Khaleque Abdul , Uddin Muhammad , Aktar Rumana
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of perceived paternal and maternal acceptance on the bicultural orientations and psychological adjustment of ethnic-minority young adults in Bangladesh. The study was based on a sample of 412 young adults (mean age 22 years), consisting of 40% women and 60% men from 18 tribal subgroups in Bangladesh. Measures used were Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ), Bicultural Attitude Scale (BAS) and Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). Results showed that there are significant positive correlations between perceived parental (paternal and maternal) acceptance, heritage culture, and psychological adjustment of the respondents. Results further showed that perceived paternal acceptance has independent and stronger effect than perceived maternal acceptance on the bicultural orientations and psychological adjustment of the minority young adults in Bangladesh.
A Time-Lag Study on Perceived Threat of COVID-19 in Hindu Religious Community: Moderating Role of Hindu Religious Coping
Authors: Sueca I Nyoman , Sumertha I Nyoman , Winaja I Wayan
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic had a serious impact on developing various psychological stressors in society. Grounded in cognitive appraisal theory, the current study has been conducted to investigate the moderating role of Hindu religious coping in mitigating the impact of the perceived threat of COVID-19 in developing perceived stress, insomnia, anxiety, and depression among the Hindu residents in Bali, Indonesia. The current study contributed to the body of knowledge regarding religious practices acting as a coping mechanism to help the community cope with crises scenario such as COVID-19. Using a longitudinal field survey, data were collected at two different times from 423 Hinduism believers who actively practiced religion and lived in Bali, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using measurement and structural models in SmartPLS. Results revealed that the perceived threat of COVID-19 impacted a higher level of stress, insomnia, anxiety, and depression among the target sample. Results further depicted that the intensity of the perceived threat of COVID-19 to develop negative stressors among those individuals is low who believe in Hinduism and practice religious obligations on a regular basis. This reflects the moderating role of Hindu religious coping in decreasing stress, insomnia, anxiety, and depression among Hindu believers aimed at COVID-19.
DOENÇAS RARAS: A IMPORTÂNCIA DE CONHECÊ-LAS
Authors:   Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de  São Paulo. Coordenação do Projeto  de Implantação da Política Nacional  de Doenças Raras. São Paulo, SP,  Brasil., Ses Carmela Ses , Comte de Alencar Neto Aristóteles ,   Instituto do Coração do Hospital  das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (INCOR-HCFMUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Ianni Barbara Maria ,   Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (INCOR-HCFMUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Ramires Felix ,   Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (INCOR-HCFMUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Mady Charles ,   Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (INCOR-HCFMUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Published: July 2021

As doenças raras correspondem a um heterogêneo grupo de patologias que ocorrem em poucos indivíduos em uma população, porém apresentam grande impacto orçamentário aos sistemas de saúde. No Brasil, são escassos os dados precisos de prevalência, porém as doenças raras, em conjunto, fazem parte da prática diária de cardiologistas que precisam estar preparados para detectá-las, tratá-las ou encaminhá-las para centros especializados, uma vez que comumente essas condições raras podem se camuflar entre doenças comuns de alta prevalência, como por exemplo, hipertensão arterial, resultando em atraso do diagnóstico e tratamento, e consequentemente, em maior sofrimento para o paciente e seus familiares. Conhecendo mais sobre a importância das doenças raras, o cardiologista passa a entender como esse grupo de doenças está inserido em nosso sistema único de saúde, podendo participar de forma ativa, solicitando a inclusão de novas tecnologias, medicamentos, protocolos, diretrizes e consensos no SUS através dos órgãos responsáveis.
MIOCARDIOPATIA HIPERTRÓFICA: O QUE HÁ DE NOVO
Authors:   Instituto do Coração de São Paulo -  Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Rebouças Fonseca Cafezeiro Caio , da Silva Luis Miguel ,   Faculdade de Ciências Médicas -  Universidade Estadual de Campinas.  Campinas, SP, Brasil, Rizzi Coelho-Filho Otavio ,   Faculdade de Ciências Médicas -  Universidade Estadual de Campinas.  Campinas, SP, Brasil, Arteaga Edmundo ,   Instituto do Coração de São Paulo -  Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Mady Charles ,   Instituto do Coração de São Paulo -  Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Published: July 2021

A miocardiopatia hipertrófica (MCH) é diagnosticada quando se evidencia em métodos de imagem espessura máxima diastólica ≥ 15 mm em qualquer segmento miocárdico no ventrículo esquerdo (VE), ou ao menos 13 mm quando a doença está presente na família ou em associação com estudos genéticos positivos. Em crianças, o critério diagnóstico normalmente precisa ser ajustado à superfície corpórea e para o crescimento, sendo que tradicionalmente o escore-Z ajustado para superfície corpórea ≥ 2 desvios padrões da normalidade. A MCH vem sendo reconhecida como a doença mais frequentemente associada à morte súbita (MS) em pacientes jovens, reforçando a importância clínica dessa condição. A implementação da estratificação de risco nesses pacientes, assim como o implante de CDI em pacientes com alto risco de MS, reduziram substancialmente as taxas de letalidade nos pacientes com MCH. Fatores de risco estabelecidos recentemente para MS na MCH, como o aneurisma apical do ventrículo esquerdo, avaliação da extensão da fibrose por realce tardio e a disfunção sistólica do VE (FEVE ≤ 50%), não fazem parte do escore de risco, sendo que o impacto real dessas variáveis não foi elucidado. O tratamento medicamentoso da MCH consiste no uso dos betabloqueadores para controle de sintomas nos pacientes com obstrução da via de saída do VE, e manejo de arritmias, redução da pressão de enchimento do ventrículo esquerdo e tratamento de angina nos indivíduos sem obstrução. Novos tratamentos têm sido estudados e, enquanto alguns medicamentos falharam em mostrar benefício, o Mavacamten parece promissor. Outro tratamento esperado é a terapia genética, mas ainda não há estudos em seres humanos.
AMILOIDOSE CARDÍACA: AINDA UMA DOENÇA RARA?
Authors:   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Masciarelli Pinto Ibraim ,   Grupo Fleury. São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Poggio Smanio Paola Emanuella ,   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil,   Grupo Fleury. São Paulo, SP, Brasil., de Andrade Vilela Andrea ,   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil,   Grupo Fleury. São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Cestari Quagliato Priscila ,   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Medeiros Vieira Segundo Neto Elry ,   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil,   Grupo Fleury. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,   Dimen Medicina Nuclear.  São  Paulo, SP, Brasil, Vasconcelos Luiz Antônio ,   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Lima da Silva Liria Maria ,   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil
Published: July 2021

A amiloidose cardíaca é uma doença infiltrativa caracterizada pelo depósito extracelular de proteínas conhecidas como fibrilas de amiloide em diferentes tecidos, como coração, sistema nervoso e trato gastrointestinal. Existem mais de 30 tipos de proteinas amiloidogênicas, mas apenas nove podem se depositar no tecido cardíaco. Duas, em particular, são responsáveis por 98% dos casos de amiloidose cardíaca: a imunoglobulina de cadeia leve envolvida na fisiopatogênese da amiloidose por cadeias leves (AL) e a transtirretina (ATTR) em suas formas hereditária e selvagem. O depósito dessas fibrilas de amiloide ocorre nas valvas cardíacas, septo interatrial, átrios e, principalmente, no miocárdio promovendo um aumento de sua espessura, disfunção diastólica em graus progressivos e insuficiência cardíaca. Quando há depósito em outros tecidos, o que é frequente, ocorrem sintomas extracardíacos, tais como neuropatia periférica, síndrome do túnel do carpo e manifestações gastrointestinais. A presença desses achados, associados a alterações sugestivas nos exames complementares deve sempre chamar a atenção para a possibilidade dessa enfermidade. O desenvolvimento de novas opções terapêuticas tornou mais premente a necessidade de diagnóstico precoce, graças aos avanços dos métodos complementares. como a ecocardiografia, a ressonância nuclear magnética e a cintolografia com pirofosfato marcado com tecnécio 99 metaestável, prescindindo na maioria dos casos da realização de biópsia.
ATUAÇÃO DO FARMACÊUTICO FRENTE AOS PRINCIPAIS TUMORES CARDÍACOS: CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS E DE SEUS TRATAMENTOS
Authors:   Hospital Sírio Libanês. São Paulo,  SP, Brasil, Silva Fernandes D’Angelo Bruna , Sandoval da Silva Gabriela ,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Negrete Christopher Lucas ,   Hospital Sírio Libanês. São Paulo,  SP, Brasil
Published: July 2021

Os tumores cardíacos são um grupo raro e heterogêneo de neoplasias de etiologia primária ou cujo tecido cardíaco se torna sítio de doença avançada de outros tumores, estes últimos com prognóstico mais limitado. Embora tenham uma incidência bastante incipiente, essas neoplasias podem, eventualmente, estar presentes na prática de acompanhamento das equipes de assistência em saúde em centros de referência em cardiologia. O seguimento de cuidado de farmacêuticos em cardiologia e oncologia é um importante suporte para o plano de acompanhamento pós-cirúrgico, como a utilização de medicamentos que promoverão a manutenção das funções cardíacas, bem como para o plano de tratamento sistêmico, com o monitoramento na utilização de agentes antineoplásicos
HIPERCOLESTEROLEMIA FAMILIAR HOMOZIGÓTICA E REABILITAÇÃO CARDIOVASCULAR
Authors:   Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Serviço de Fisioterapia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Vitelli Molinari Camila ,   Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Pesquisa  em Cirurgia e Ciências da Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Fernandes Costa Ferreira Bruno ,   Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Serviço de Fisioterapia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Bertoni Xavier Vivian ,   Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Serviço de Fisioterapia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Papa Valeria ,   Laboratorio de Fisiologia do  Exercício da Divisão  de Cardiologia  do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da  Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP- USP).  São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Guizilini Solange ,   Universidade Federal de São Paulo.  São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Alves Renato Jorge ,   Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Serviço de Fisioterapia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil,   Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da  Santa Casa de São Paulo, Pesquisa em Cirurgia e Ciências da Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil., dos Santos Alves Vera Lúcia ,   Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Serviço de Fisioterapia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil,   Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Pesquisa em Cirurgia e Ciências da Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Published: July 2021

Introdução: Hipercolesterolemia familiar é uma doença hereditária autossômica dominante que acarreta alteração do metabolismo das lipoproteínas. Nela, os níveis de colesterol da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-c) são superiores a 190 mg/dL e a doença é confirmada por teste genético. Os pacientes que apresentam a rara condição encontram dificuldades em seu processo terapêutico, pela pouca descrição sobre a prescrição de exercícios. Objetivo: Descrever a reabilitação cardiovascular e em indivíduos com hipercolesterolemia familiar homozigótica. Resultados: Após a busca em base de dados, foram localizados oito artigos com menção a programas de atividade física onde se discute o alto risco cardiovascular precoce. Identificou-se que o exercício pode contribuir para o controle da hipercolesterolemia, mas deve ser prescrito após avaliação clínica e laboratorial rigorosa, o que inclui teste de esforço. O número de sessões semanais de exercício proposto nos estudos localizados foi de cinco a sete sessões quando há proposta de treino aeróbio e até três sessões quando a atividade era anaeróbia. Durante o treino foi preconizado uso de frequencímetro e oxímetro de pulso, com acompanhamento de sinais clínicos e monitoração do paciente com eletrocardiograma. Conclusão: Ainda há poucos estudos clínicos na hipercolesterolemia familiar homozigótica e as terapias carecem de evidência; porém, na maioria dos estudos, foi salientada a necessidade de uso precoce de estatina e bons hábitos de vida, como atividade física diária
SITOSTEROLEMIA (FITOSTEROLEMIA)
Authors:   Universidade Federal de São Paulo  (UNIFESP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Muniz Martins Celma , Arruda Machado Valeria ,   Universidade Federal de São Paulo  (UNIFESP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil, de Oliveira Izar Maria Cristina ,   Universidade Federal de São Paulo  (UNIFESP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil
Published: July 2021

A sitosterolemia foi descrita como uma doença recessiva rara, associada com aterosclerose prematura e grave. A sitosterolemia é causada pelo aumento da absorção intestinal e diminuição da excreção biliar de esteróis resultantes de mutações bialélicas em ABCG5 ou ABCG8, que codificam o transportador de efluxo de esterol ABCG5 e ABCG8, resultando em uma hiper absorção e diminuição da excreção biliar de esterol vegetal, especialmente sitosterol, do trato gastrointestinal. Os indivíduos afetados têm acúmulo excessivo de esteróis vegetais e estanóis alfa-saturados no plasma e tecidos. A sitosterolemia é frequentemente confundida com hipercolesterolemia familiar.
ASSOCIATIVISMO E DOENÇA DE CHAGAS: UMA REDE DE APOIO SOCIAL PARA A EFETIVIDADE DO DIREITO À SAÚDE
Authors:   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Barbosa da Silva Maria , Amaral da Silva Elaine ,   Instituto do Coração FMUSP. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
Published: July 2021

Introdução : As últimas décadas do século passado deram lugar a vários movimen - tos organizados, dentre os quais destacamos as associações de doença de Chagas nacionais e internacionais, que por si próprias e em rede se constituíram em espaços estratégicos e democráticos na luta pela garantia do direito de acesso e efetividade de assistência integral à saúde e a melhores condições de vida aos seus portadores. Objetivo: Explicitar, demonstrar o processo de criação e desenvolvimento do associativismo nacional e internacional dos pacientes com doença de Chagas. Metodologia: Utilizamos a pesquisa participante para promover a interação e envolver os membros e participantes das associações na busca dos seus interesses e análise de sua realidade. Considerações Finais: A criação e organização das associações de doença de Chagas e a experiência de construção do trabalho em rede se tornaram estratégias importantes, reconhecidas pelos dirigentes, pelos portadores da doença e pelos profissionais de saúde, ao favorecer e fortalecer o trabalho com outras associações, abrindo caminho para a participação, o compartilhamento de conhecimentos, a troca de informações e o exercício da cidadania ao reivindicar seus direitos aos órgãos governamentais. As associações enquanto rede de apoio nacional e internacional se estabeleceram como espaços organizados que deram uma crescente visibilidade à doença de Chagas e oportunidade aos seus membros de participarem e se fortalecerem coletivamente nas discussões e compartilhamento de problemas comuns.
The Miraculous Victory War and Ideology in The Life of Henry The Fifth
Authors: Xu Jingyin
Published: July 2021

In William Shakespeare’s play The Life of Henry The Fifth, King Henry V is described as an excellent speaker whose speech becomes the key element of the Britain’s miraculous victory in the Battle of Agincourt, and he attributes the victory to God. It is then worth to explore the reasons why Shakespeare highlights the power of the king’s speech and why the king hands the victory to God. This essay argues that Shakespeare’s emphasis on the power of Henry V’s speech in the Battle of Agincourt exaggerates Britain’s power and stirs the British’s sense of glory, and Henry V’s handing over the victory to God makes his colonial war seemingly rationalized, which strengthens the colonial dream and unites the Britons in the age of Elizabeth I.
Notes on Musical Imagery in the Poetry of Jāmi
Authors: Dal Bianco Alessia
Published: July 2021

The poet Nur-al-Din ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Jāmi (1414-92) is known to have been proficient in music theory; he also wrote a Resāla-ye musiqi (Treatise on Music Theory). In his poems he displayed an extensive and precise use of musical terms. To probe further into the elements of musical imagery, I scanned through his maṯnavis Haft awrang (The Seven Thrones) in search of lines dedicated to musical modes, instruments, and performers. Considering that musical imagery had a long-established tradition before his time, I pursued a comparative investigation and commented on some lines by way of examples. Finally, I argue that literary conventions shaped Jāmi’s poetry more than his expertise in music theory did.
Monumental Entrance to Gandharan Buddhist Architecture
Stairs and Gates from Swat
Authors: Olivieri Luca M. , Iori Elisa
Published: July 2021

The article presents a series of pieces excavated by the ISMEO Italian Archaeological Mission in two Buddhist sacred areas in Swat (Pakistan). The pieces are chosen for their connection to the theme of monumental entrances of cultic buildings. In the first case (Gumbat), the building is a shrine. In the second, (Amluk-dara) it is a Main Stupa. The pieces belong to three different entrance parts: lower sides of the stairs, decorated steps or stair-riser friezes, and decorated frames of doors. Pieces like these, which belong to specific architecture, can be hypothetically positioned in their places, allowing thus a more vivid reconstruction of the original appearance of the monuments. The decorative apparatus of the entrances to Buddhist monuments, although apparently extraneous to the religious language, is not less rich than the Buddhist iconographic programme illustrated on the stupas or inside the shrines. The second part of the article deals with the interpretation of the language of the entrance as ‘symbolic capital’ of the political élites, who were the donors of the great Buddhist architecture in Swat.
Prolegomena to the Bon Religion and to the Soteriological Principles of Maternal Tantra (Ma rgyud) in the Bonpo Tradition Through the Work of Yongdzin Tendzin Namdak
Authors: Maniscalco Francesco
Published: July 2021

The soteriological principles of the Mother tantra (Ma rgyud) in the religious tradition of the Tibetan bon are founded on a different basis from that of the other tantras and consequently are considered inherent to the metaphysical matrix and the eschatology of the philosophical doctrines of Total Perfection (rDzogs chen). Lopon Tendzin Namdak (1926-), the highest spiritual authority of the current bon, illustrates the precepts of the Mother tantra explaining the analogy with those of Total Perfection in the Commentary and Notes to the Essence of theWisdom of the Mother Tantra(Ma rgyud ye shes thig le’i mchan ’grel), which is part of the vast corpus, still almost unpublished of his vast exegetical production, and of which we intend to present an introduction based on the translation of relevant sections. This is preceded by a general synthesis on bon and the most salient hypotheses on its mysterious origin, identity and formation.
Sociolinguistics of Hindī
An Analysis of TV-Mediated Spoken Hindī Features Through TV Programmes’ Language
Authors: Ferro Giulia
Published: July 2021

This paper analyses varieties of Hindī language differentiated on the social ground, namely standard Hindī (the sanskritized language) and non-standard Hindī. The latter, which includes different varieties of spoken Hindī, was studied listening to two TV programs: Delhi Crime and Satyamev Jayate. Several features were observed on every level, but here the focus is on syntax (Hindī word order) and lexicon (code-switching). Information structure theory and pragmatics are used to analyse TV-mediated spoken Hindī word order. The comprehension of these special features can be helpful to predict the changes towards which Hindī tends to move and to give examples of the spoken language.
China’s ‘CivilOlympic’ Performances and (Re)gained Global Visibility
Fantasising about a New Brand China through Olympic Public Service Announcements
Authors: Puppin Giovanna
Published: July 2021

This article investigates how China fantasised about itself and the Beijing 2008 Olympics through the award-winning TV public service announcements (PSAs) of the Beijing Opera Series, with a focus on visibility. By drawing on theories of the spectacle, I perform a semiotic analysis of the most recurrent signs, organising them according to the main themes that emerge. The theatre stage – which represents the Olympic stage – is closely linked to China’s dream of owning the Games and its desire for global visibility. The performance includes the theatrical performance of the Beijing Opera and the performance of civilisation, which semiotically over-determines the Games. The protagonists include famous actors and roles of Beijing Opera (i.e. Dan, who is an anthropomorphic metaphor for China), as well as ordinary people, who are extraordinary for their high degree of civilisation. The spectators, especially through the intradiegetic presence of a Western male Other, validate the country’s performative success and confirm its achieved global visibility.
Time and Glory in the Ise monogatari
Considerations on the Political Implications of the Songs of the ‘Old Man’
Authors: Fraccaro Francesca
Published: July 2021

Centred as they are on historical figures and public events, the six chapters (76, 77, 79, 81, 83, 97) that refer to Narihira as an “old man” (okina) have long been the object of scholarly debate as important keys to the understanding of the Ise monogatari. This article explores their political overtones, showing how, through the symbolic use of seasonal motifs, the old man’s poems obliquely signal – and covertly denounce as an illegitimate assumption of power – specific stages of Fujiwara no Yoshifusa’s political ascent, vis-à-vis the consequent decline of other clans (the Ariwaras) and royal personages (Prince Koretaka).
New Field, Old Practices: Promises and Challenges of Public History
Authors: Cauvin Thomas
Published: July 2021

Although public history is becoming increasingly international, the field remains difficult to define and subject to some criticism. Based on sometimes long-established public practices, public history displays new approaches to audiences, collaboration and authority in history production. This article provides an overview of public history, its various definitions and historiography, and discusses some of the main criticisms of the field. Public history is compared to a tree of knowledge whose parts (roots, trunk, branches and leaves) represent the many collaborative and interconnected stages in the field. Defining public history as a systemic process (tree) demonstrates the need for collaboration between the different actors – may they be trained historians or not – and aim to focus on the role they play in the overall process. The future of international public history will involve balancing practice-based approaches with more theoretical discussions on the role of trained historians, audiences and different uses of the past.
Scholarly Editing and AI: Machine Predicted Text and Herculaneum Papyri
Authors: Brusuelas James H.
Published: July 2021

In 2016 the Digital Restoration Initiative (DRI) at the University of Kentucky, under the direction of Professor Brent Seales, virtually unrolled a carbonized parchment scroll from Ein Gedi, revealing a copy of Leviticus written in iron gall ink. In 2019 the DRI applied a new machine learning method to reveal a Greek character written in carbon ink from an actual Herculaneum papyrus fragment. Virtual unwrapping of cultural heritage objects is a reality. The application of machine and deep learning methods to enhance difficult-to-detect ink signals in tomography will continue to evolve. This raises an important question. How will the process of editing texts that are ‘true-born virtual’ (the object can never be opened to verify the results) change to reflect the presence and dependency on AI? This paper produces a theoretical model for how a critical edition of a virtually unwrapped papyrus text must document the role of the machine. It also engages the possible requirements, in terms of Data Science, that this new type of text compels in order to ensure transparency at the level of its ‘birth’. Put simply, a new virtual edition model that is a fusion of humanities and science is needed.
Material modification by high-intense pulsed ion beams
Authors:   National research Tomsk polytechnic university, Remnev G. E. , Tarbokov V. A. ,   National research Tomsk polytechnic university, Pavlov S. K. ,   National research Tomsk polytechnic university
Published: July 2021

The review is devoted to the use of powerful submicrosecond ion beams for the synthesis and modification of material properties. Powerful ion beams, originally developed for the problems of inertial thermonuclear fusion, have been increasingly used over the past 30 years as a powerful pulsed heating source providing ample opportunities for modifying the surface layer of materials. By varying the key parameters of the beams, such as the composition (type of ions), the duration of the accelerating pulse (10 ns – 1 μs), the kinetic energy of the ions (0.1 – 1 MeV), the energy density transmitted by the beam to the target surface per pulse (0.1 – 50 J/cm2), the main areas of application of high-power ion beams in materials science were determined: modification of the surface layer by ultrafast quenching, melting and ultrafast recrystallization with the formation of micro- and nanostructures, pulsed implantation of ions accompanied by energetic action, deposition of thin films and synthesis of nanosized powders from ablative plasma.
Investigation of the nitride phase in a heat-resistant alloy of the Ni – Co – W – Ti system, hardened by internal nitration
Authors:   FSUE “VIAM”, Ovsepyan S. V. , Kolobov Yu. R. ,   IPCP RAS, Akhmedzyanov M. V. ,   FSUE “VIAM”, Manokhin S. S. ,   IPCP RAS, Filonova E. V. ,   FSUE “VIAM”
Published: July 2021

In a high-temperature alloy of the Ni – Co – Cr – W – Ti system grade VZh171, using X-ray spectral analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the composition of the particles of the hardening phase — nitrides after internal nitriding and subsequent heat treatment was studied. It was found that the particles differ on it chemical composition: the main constituent element, titanium or chromium, is proportionally replaced by other alloy components. The nitride compositions near the surface and in the center of the sample differ in the titanium to chromium ratio. After annealing, this difference is smaller, and the chromium content also decreases. It was found that the nitrides formed during nitriding are compounds in which the main forming element, titanium or chromium, is proportionally replaced by other alloy components. The nitride compositions near the surface and in the center of the sample differ in the titanium to chromium ratio. After annealing, this difference is smaller, and the chromium content also decreases.
The structure and properties of sheets from the new alloy V-1381 of the Al – Mg – Si system
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials, State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, Selivanov A. A. , Antipov K. V. ,   All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials, State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, Oglodkova Yu. S. ,   All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials, State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, Rudchenko A. S. ,   All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials, State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The results of the development of a new alloy of the Al – Mg – Si system of the 6xxx series, which received the V-1381 grade, are presented. The influence of the composition and modes of heat treatment on the mechanical and corrosion properties of sheets with a thickness of 1,0 and 3,0 mm, manufactured under the conditions of FSUE “VIAM”, was investigated. Average level of sheet properties: UTS = 410 MPa, YTS = 360 MPa, El = 11.5 %; fatigue crack growth (dl/dN) = 0,59 mm/kcycle at ΔK = 18,6 MPa·m1/2, intergranular corrosion ≤ 0,15 mm, exfoliation corrosion 4 points. It was found that the structure of the sheets is recrystallized, the main strengthening phase is the coherent matrix β’(Mg2Si)-phase evenly distributed in the volume of grains with a high density. There is also a heterogeneous origin of β′-phase on dislocations and dispersoids. At grain boundaries there are zones free from emissions with a width of 15 – 20 nm. Dispersoids of various morphologies are observed in the tested samples. Temperature and heat values of phase transformations in ingots and sheets are determined and established liquidus and solidus points. The sheet weldability was evaluated by automatic argon-arc welding and the critical rate of deformation of the weld metal during crystallization was determined, at which no cracks were formed in it. Laser welding mode has been developed to ensure optimal formation of geometric parameters of the weld.
Effect of carbon on the electrical resistivity of Ni – Al intermetallic alloy synthesized by an electrothermal explosion under pressure
Authors:   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences, Sytschev A. E. , Karpov A. V. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences, Shcherbakov A. V. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we studied the effect of carbon (3 wt. %) on the electrical resistivity of materials based on Ni − Al and Ni – Al − C synthesized by the electrothermal explosion in the temperature range 300 – 1300 K in a vacuum of 2·10–3 Pa. During an electrothermal explosion, a Ni – Al-based melt is formed in a powder reactive medium, in which carbon is dissolved. It is shown that during the crystallization of the final product, due to its low solubility in NiAl, carbon is located on the surface of intermetallic NiAl grains in the form of multilayer graphite nanofilms 50 – 80 nm thick, filling the intergranular space. It is shown that the synthesized materials have a metallic conductivity, and the electrical resistivity in the measured temperature range of 300 – 1300 K increases monotonically for the Ni – Al-based alloy from 16 to 40 mW·cm and for the carbon-containing Ni – Al – C material from 22 to 60 mW·cm. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCS) also increases from 1.45·10–3 K–1 for NiAl to 1.77·10–3 K–1 for NiAl/C. The slope of the resistivity curves in the studied temperature range of 300 – 1300 K remains constant and is well described by a linear function.
Effect of microarc oxidation by short-pulse mode parameters on composition, coating properties and process productivity
Authors:   JSC “MANEL”, Butyagin P. I.
Published: July 2021

This article presents the results of study of the influence of microarc oxidation parameters — ferquency and pulse duration — on the composition, properties of the coating, and also on the productivity of the microarc oxidation (MAO) process. It was found that the frequency in the range from 100 to 500 Hz significantly increases the formation rate of the MAO coating. A change in the composition and properties of the MAO coatings at pulse durations from 50 to 200 μs is observed. Starting with a pulse duration of 50 μs and a frequency of 400 Hz, the γ-Al2O3 crystalline phase is detected in the coating, the elemental composition, morphology, and microhardness of the coating change significantly.
Reconocimiento de los saberes campesinos a través del mapeo comunitario participativo. Paipa-Colombia
Authors: Bautista Andrés Felipe , Pedraza-Jiménez Yamile , Díaz-Marquez Francisco
Published: July 2021

El presente documento desarrolla un ejercicio de mapeo comunitario participativo como estrategia en el reconocimiento de los saberes locales de campesinos en la vereda de Caños, municipio de Paipa-Colombia. Se identificaron actividades y prácticas agropecuarias, con el fin de exponer de forma comparativa sus experiencias con aquellos saberes tradicionales que habitualmente realizan. A nivel metodológico se emplearon talleres de participación comunitaria, observación participante, y entrevistas semiestructuradas que evalúan el grado de transformación de la labor campesina. Como principales resultados, se asocian factores de cambio en los saberes locales introducidos por otras formas de producción agropecuaria. De esta manera, se posesionan otros saberes, hábitos y prácticas rurales diferentes que inciden en la frecuencia de productos y cultivos-sembrados, ocasionando la perdida en las redes vecinales, al igual que, la revalorización de su quehacer rural. Finalmente, se reconoce que existe una transformación en la concepción del campesino frente a su relación con la naturaleza y sus prácticas de producción territorial.
Percepciones del alumnado adulto sobre emociones positivas y ambivalentes en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera
Authors: Acosta-Manzano Irene
Published: July 2021

El campo de la investigación sobre emociones en el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras se caracteriza por la escasez de investigaciones en las que esté representado el conjunto de la población adulta. Esta circunstancia motivó un estudio cualitativo sobre las emociones positivas y ambivalentes que experimenta alumnado adulto de distintas edades al aprender una lengua extranjera. Un total de 39 estudiantes de seis idiomas se prestaron voluntariamente a ser entrevistados. Se trataba de estudiantes de 10 Escuelas Oficiales de Idiomas de todos los niveles impartidos. Para el análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo un análisis temático. Se investigaron las percepciones de las emociones positivas y ambivalentes, las ocasiones en que se experimentan y los motivos que las ocasionan. Los hallazgos indican que las emociones positivas provienen, fundamentalmente, del buen ambiente incentivado por actividades artísticas, participativas, dinámicas y divertidas, y de la satisfacción y el enriquecimiento personal; por su parte, las emociones ambivalentes están más relacionadas con el esfuerzo ligado al disfrute que, a su vez, comporta superación personal, como en el caso de las tareas de producción oral. Se abordan asimismo las implicaciones para la enseñanza de una LE a alumnado adulto de idiomas que se derivan de nuestros
Interaction patterns and support for learning in the primary foreign language classroom
Authors: Leslie Carolyn Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

In this study, both sociocultural and cognitive perspectives are used to investigate how learners in the primary foreign language classroom support each other’s learning during peer oral interaction, and how this is influenced by different interaction patterns. Learners were recorded taking part in 3 spot-the-difference tasks in a year 4 primary class, and Storch’s model of interaction patterns (2002) was used as a framework to classify learner interaction. Transcripts were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively, and show how learners used a variety of strategies to support their partner’s output. It also shows how the majority of learners worked collaboratively, how collaboration increased with task repetition, and how pairs who engaged in collaborative interaction provided most support for their peer.  However, other dyads showed less mutuality and engaged little with each other’s contributions, with quantitative analysis showing these learners provided each other with the least support for language learning, as they were unlikely to ask their peer for help, one of the most common strategies used by other dyads.