bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disclosure Annual General Meeting Minutes on the Corporate Website: A Panacea toward a Good Governance
Authors: Mohd Ariffin Mohd Shazwan , Wan Hussain Wan Nordin , Abdul Malak Siti Seri Delima
Published: June 2021

Annual general meeting or known as AGM as the place for the management and shareholders to sit together to discuss the company with the objective of profit maximization and to promote organizational accountability. Based on the observation from a period of 2012 to 2017, the disclosure of AGM minutes on the corporate website increase over the year. However, the number is still below 50% in overall Malaysian public listed companies. This paper aims to highlight the importance of AGM minutes as one of the key success factors toward good governance. Based on this paper, the management of the company such as the board of directors, the company secretary, and related parties will take the initiative to publish good quality of AGM minutes as a panacea toward good governance.
Malaysia’s Palm Oil Export to India
Authors: Md Ali Anizah
Published: June 2021

India is the second-most populous country after China, with an overall population exceeding 1.3 billion. India is the fifth country in the world with the highest import and consumption of world oils and fats. Palm oil has become the main of oil and fats product that is being imported and consumed in India market. India is the major of Malaysia’s palm oil export destination. Malaysia’s palm oil exports to India market continually increases since the last ten years with an average of more than 2 million tonnes a year. This study attempts to analyse factors that influence the export demand of Malaysia’s palm oil to India market. The study applies the ARDL approach for data from the period 1975 – 2018. The study indicates that there are relationships between variables in the short run and long run for the demand of palm oil exports by India. The most significant determinant is attributed to soya bean prices (LPSBR) and population (LPOPI) in both short-run and long run. The export price of palm oil by Indonesia (LCPOPXIR) indicates a positive and significant relationship as Malaysia and Indonesia are competing to penetrate to India market in the long run. However, Malaysia’s export price of palm oil has a negative relationship but insignificant. Thus, the findings suggest for non-price strategies in order to increase exports to India market. Non-price strategies such as an increase of quality and the differentiation of product as well as trade deals are the strategies to increase competitiveness and preferences of Malaysia’s palm oil in India market.
Taxpayers Knowledge and Compliance: Evidence from Direct Assessment Tax in Lagos State
Authors: Ishola Joseph , Bello Abass Oyeshola , Raheed Lateef Olayiwola
Published: June 2021

The research work examines the nexus between Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance among Taxpayers: Evidence from Direct Assessment in Lagos State. This study adopts the survey research design to elicit responses from selected taxpayers in the Ikeja Lagos State of Nigeria to explore what they perceived as the relationship between tax knowledge and tax compliance regarding tax payment and tax filing of returns. Primary data was collected through a designed questionnaire and was administered using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test. Cronbach Alpha was also used in establishing the sampling adequacy and reliability of the research instrument. The survey results were collected from 200 respondents in three categories in Lagos State with 190 valid responses, including self-employed, taxpayers in public and private establishments in Ikeja from October to November 2020. The study adopted a judgmental sampling technique. The data extracted from the questionnaires were analyzed using a simple table as descriptive and Pearson Correlation at 1% Level of Significance as inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the general tax knowledge was significantly related to tax compliance in payment terms (r = .993, p =0.000) and tax compliance in terms of filing of returns (r = .986, p =0.000). thus, the study concluded that there is a positive relationship between tax knowledge and tax compliance.
Reply to Roger E. Bissell
Authors: Lyons George
Published: June 2021

The entity causation argument for compatibilism of free will and determinism presented in this journal by Roger Bissell is critiqued, along with Hobbes's classical compatibilism as begging the question of volition. The author offers more scientific support for compatibilism.
Pengaruh Hormon Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) dan 6-Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) terhadap Induksi Kalus Piper betle L. var Nigra
Authors: . Junairiah , Rachmah Artifa , Manuhara Yosephine Sri Wulan , . Ni’matuzahroh , Sulistyorini Lilis , . Surahmaida
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) dan BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine) yang paling baik untuk induksi kalus sirih hitam (Piper betle L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 25 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan memiliki 6 ulangan sehingga terdapat 150 unit ekperimen. Pada tahap kultur kalus dilakukan dengan menambahkan zat pengatur tumbuh IBA dan BAP ke dalam medium Murashige and Skoog (MS). Hasil uji tersebut menunjukkan bahwa zat pengatur tumbuh IBA dan BAP dengan kombinasi konsentrasi berbeda berpengaruh terhadap waktu induksi kalus, berat segar dan berat kering kalus sirih hitam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu tercepat pembentukan kalus pada IBA 2,0 mg/L dan BAP 2,0 mg/L yaitu 10 hari. Berat segar dan berat kering tertinggi pada IBA 2,0 mg/L dan 2,0 mg/L yaitu 0,8507 gram untuk berat segar dan 0,0769 untuk berat kering. Warna kalus adalah putih kehijauan dengan tekstur kompak dan remah.Kata kunci: Induksi kalus, Piper betle L., Indole Butyric Acid, 6-Benzyl Amino Purine.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research to determine the effect of the combination concentration of growth regulators IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) and BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine) was best for callus induction black betel (Piper betle L.). This research used completely randomized design with 25 treatments and 6 replicates of each treatment, hence there were 150 experimental units. At this stage of callus culture was done by adding the growth regulators IBA and BAP into Murashige and Skoog (MS). The test results showed that plant growth regulators IBA and BAP in combination with different concentrations of influence on callus induction time, fresh weight and dry weight callus Piper betle L. The results showed the fastest time of callus formation at IBA 2,0 mg/L and BAP 2,0 mg/L at 10 days. Fresh weight and dry weight of the highest in the IBA 2,0 mg/L and BAP 2,0 mg/L were 0,8507 grams and 0,0769 grams fresh weight to dry weight. The color of callus was white greenish with compact and friable texture.Keywords: Callus induction, Piper betle L., Indole Butyric Acid, 6-Benzyl Amino Purine.
Pengaruh Pemberian Edukasi terhadap Pengetahuan Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) Pada Penderita HIV Yayasan Kanti Sehati Sejati Kota Jambi
Authors: Permatasari Jelly , Meirista Indri , Mawaddah Nadiatul
Published: June 2021

HIV/AIDS adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang memerlukan perhatian yang serius dari pemerintah. Selain pengobatan terapi konvensional, orang dengan HIV/AIDS sering menggunakan pengobatan alternatif dan komplementer (CAM) untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan. Pengobatan alternative dan komplementer (CAM) menggunakan bahan-bahan alami, tidak hanya terbatas pada tumbuhan herbal, tetapi juga mencakup penggunaan vitamin dan mineral alam lainnya. Dibandingkan pengobatan konvensional pengobatan terapi CAM lebih aman untuk digunakan karena tidak menimbulkan efek samping yang serius. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian edukasi CAM pada ODHA di Yayasan Kanti Sehati Sejati Kota Jambi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimental jenis one group pretest-posttest dan merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pengambilan data secara prospektif. Didapat 35 ODHA yang menjadi responden pada penelitian ini dan terdaftar sebagai anggota di Yayasan Kanti Sehati Sejati Kota Jambi. Data Hasil penelitian mengenai karakteristik demografi dan pengetahuan CAM diperoleh dari kuisioner yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi dan dibuktikan dengan uji paired T test sehingga diperoleh nilai signifikansi ≤ 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh edukasi terhadap pengetahuan CAM pada penderita HIV.

Kata kunci : Pengobatan Alternatif dan Komplementer, CAM, HIV/AIDS.
Skrining Fitokimia Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Metanol Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) dengan GCMS
Authors: Surahmaida  , Umarudin  , Rani Agustin Widia , Dewi Novicalia Citra
Published: June 2021

Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) merupakan tanaman dari suku Euphorbiaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) menggunakan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Daun jarak pagar yang diperoleh dari daerah Sedati, Juanda Sidoarjo diekstrak menggunakan pelarut metanol. Lalu kedua ekstrak daun jarak pagar tersebut dianalisis menggunakan GCMS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak metanol daun jarak pagar mengandung 28 senyawa kimia dan kemudian dianalisis aktivitas biologisnya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa daun jarak pagar banyak mengandung senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas biologis untuk kesehatan
Perbandingan Uji Deteksi Formalin pada Makanan Menggunakan Pereaksi Antilin dan Rapid Tes Kit Formalin (Labstest)
Authors: Yulianti Cicik Herlina
Published: June 2021

Formalin sering disalahgunakan sebagai bahan pengawet makanan. Hal ini jelas merugikan masyarakat karena meskipun penggunaannya sedikit tapi dalam jangka panjang dapat berakibat buruk bagi kesehatan. Berbagai produk tes kit uji residu formalin ditawarkan di pasaran untuk memudahkan pihak yang berwenang, akademisi maupun masyarakat untuk mendeteksi kandungan formalin pada makanan dan minuman secara kualitatif. Untuk itu dibutuhkan suatu produk tes kit uji residu formalin yang dapat menguji keberadaan formalin pada makanan dengan cepat & akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan batas deteksi residu formalin pada makanan menggunakan pereaksi Antilin dan Rapid Test Kit Formalin merk Labstest. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menguji batas deteksi formalin pada larutan standar dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,01; 0,1; 1; 100 dan 1000 mg/L dan pada sampel makanan yang sebelumnya direndam dalam larutan standar formalin dengan konsentrasi tertentu menggunakan pereaksi Antilin dan Rapid Test Kit Formalin. Hasil pengujian dikatakan positif jika terjadi perubahan warna ungu baik pada larutan uji yang dideteksi dengan pereaksi Antilin maupun Rapid Test Kit Formalin. Berdasarkan intensitas warna yang ditunjukkan oleh larutan uji dapat disimpulkan bahwa pereaksi Antilin dapat mendeteksi larutan standar formalin dengan konsentrasi yang lebih rendah dari pada pereaksi Rapid Test Kit Formalin. Sedangkan pada pengujian formalin pada makanan, baik pereaksi Antilin maupun Rapid Test Kit Formalin memiliki batas deteksi yang sama
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DENGAN TINGKAT STRES KELUARGA DALAM MERAWAT PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS GAMPING 2 KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Protomo Firman Anugrah , Putri Imram Radne Rimba , Irfanudin Muhamad
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang: Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan yang mempengaruhi otak dan menyebabkan timbulnya pikiran emosi, persepsi, gerakan dan prilaku yang terganggu ditandai dengan halusinasi. Anggota keluarga yang menderita skizofrenia tidak hanya menyebabkan ketergantungan saja pada keluarga, akan tetapi berdampak pada stres keluarga yang merawat dan mengurus semua kebutuhan pasien skizofrenia, sehingga dukungan sosial dari keluarga sangat dibutuhkan untuk kesembuhan pasien, jika keluarga mengalami stres maka dukungan sosial yang diberikan keluarga terhadap pasien akan kurang efektif..

Tujuan Penelitian: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan tingkat stres keluarga dalam merawat pasien skizofrenia di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gamping 2 Kabupaten Sleman.  

Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan deskriptif analitik menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan teknik purposive sampling. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 80 pasien yang mengalami skizofrenia yang ada di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gamping 2. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 67 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner dukungan sosial dan kuesioner tingkat stres Uji statistik yang digunakan yaitu Kendall Tau.

Hasil: Dukungan sosial termasuk kategori sedang mayoritas 33 responden (49,3). Tingkat stres yang dialami keluarga termasuk dalam kategori sedang mayoritas 39 responden (58,2). Hasil analisis dengan uji Kendall Tau menunjukan tidak ada hubungan dukungan sosial dengan tingkat stres keluarga dalam merawat pasien skizofrenia (0,292 > 0,05).

Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan dukungan sosial dengan tingkat stres keluarga dalam merawat pasien skizofrenia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gamping 2 Kabupaten Sleman
Schulleitung in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Dutter Susanne
Published: June 2021

Die Corona-Krise begleitet uns mittlerweile mehr als ein Jahr und stellt eine besondere Herausforderung für alle Schulleitungen dar. Vorliegender Artikel versucht die Besonderheit dieser Zeit zu beschreiben und aus der Sicht der Schulleitung den Kontext zu wichtigen Elementen der Führungsaufgaben herzustellen, auf die man in solch schwierigen Zeiten keinesfalls vergessen darf.
The Effects of Outbound Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) on Chinese Automobile Corporations’ Performance: A Case Study of Geely’s Acquisition of Volvo
Authors: Meng Ziming , Wang Xin
Published: June 2021

Pursuing M&As is an important growth strategy for many companies. This study examines whether Geely has succeeded in improving the acquirer’s performance as expected over a long-time span. In particular, it: (i) assesses the short-term and long-term post-acquisition firm performance respectively; and (ii) establishes a post-acquisition performance evaluation framework for Chinese automobile companies’ overseas M&As based on their motivations. By investigating the influence of acquiring Volvo on Geely’s performance as a case of outbound M&A during the financial crisis, this research will serve as an example of evaluating M&As as a mechanism for corporate growth in the automobile industry of China or other emerging economies.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Efficiency of Packing Lines in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Sites in Egypt
Authors: Elsafty Ashraf , Osman Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Corona Virus Disease COVID-19 has significantly impacted the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. Production Efficiency in pharmaceutical facilities is questionable to withstand the drastic conditions under which the drug manufacturing supply chains are. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a primary indicator of efficiency. The aim of this review is to demonstrate a comprehensive overview on the factors impacting OEE and how they are affected by COVID-19.

This review was done on a multinational pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in Egypt. In order to better understand the business model under study and have clearer vision on the impact of COVID-19 on each aspect of it, the business anatomy model ‘9 Elements’ by Elsafty (2018) was used. The time horizon of this study is 2020 to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pharmaceutical manufacturing performance.

The pandemic led to increase the pharmaceutical products demand which subsequently put a pressure on supply planners to alter the production scheduling. COVID-19 unraveled the weaknesses in the supply chains and the overreliance on materials suppliers of one source. This had a direct impact on the supply of materials and spare parts. Production efficiency has also been impacted by the health conditions of workers and operators might been community infected. Lack of high-skilled workers leads to decrease in the productivity due to the inability to manage and solve problems the right way and independently. Materials and finished goods quality are questionable in such situation. Introduction of counterfeit and falsified materials is a predictable side effect.

It is concluded that OEE is affected by COVID-19 that moderates the inputs of OEE; availability, performance and quality. The pandemic has an impact (positive or negative) on the top losses of a machine efficiency.
VIOLENCE IN PRISON ISOLATION
Authors: Lewicka-Zelent Agnieszka , Huczuk- Kapluk Sylwia
Published: June 2021

Violence is present in various environments, in various social groups – wherever there is a disproportion between people in terms of physical or mental strength, social or economic status. A prison is a specific place due to it’s a total character and an isolating nature, as well as the presence of people who have committed crimes. Therefore, the aim of the article was to analyze the phenomenon of violence occurring in conditions of prison isolation. A comparative analysis was carried out based on statistical data obtained from the Central Board of the Prison Service for the years 2004-2019 in terms of the incidence of violence in the prisoner-officer and prisoner-prisoner relationship.
IS A REDEFINITION OF RAPE REQUIRED IN POLISH
CRIMINAL LAW?
Authors: Czechowska Monika
Published: June 2021

The article concerns the crime of rape stipulated in art. 197 of the Criminal Code, or more precisely the definition of this phenomenon. The author analyzes the regulations penalizing this type of sexual abuse, in force both under Polish criminal law and under international law, in order to find the answer to the question whether the current provisions of the penal code comply with the convention standards and whether the definition of rape corresponds to the theory of sexual autonomy, according to which sex without voluntary, informed, and free of forced consent is rape.
The Hidden Center in Domestic Violence Shelter Fields of Power
A Structural Analysis of Primary Source Agents Situated Within the ‘Domestic Violence Shelter’ Field through the Lens of Bourdieu’s Center-Periphery Axis.
Authors: Ramskyte Kristina
Published: June 2021

This paper is an exploratory study that uses Bourdieu’s ‘Field of Power’ theory to contextualize and place the expressed and hidden centers of power within the domestic violence shelter system, as a function of direct feedback from agents within that system. Data for the study was collected from Reddit, a popular ‘chat-room’ style forum for a variety of social and technical issues. Direct feedback about domestic violence shelter experiences from all participants in that ecosystem was coded based on agent/power dynamics. Results from the study indicate that certain actors within the domestic violence shelter system, namely abusers represent a hidden center of power.
Pursuing Higher-Purpose Education in a Globalized Society
Authors: Wang-Selfridge Susan
Published: June 2021

Education serves the role of preserving and passing down to future generations’ valuable aspects of traditions and cultures, forming the building blocks for advanced civilizations. The world is culturally diverse, yet bonds can be created through cultural exchanges, and found a global peaceful coexistence. The transmission of a variety of cultures can be inhibited or promoted by governments, yet civil society has an autonomous and important role. The author discusses examples from her personal experience in teaching music in a variety of cultural and socio-economic settings, and the impact of governmental policies on artistic teaching. The author also establishes why education in the humanities, conscience, music and fine arts form the structural underpinnings of an advanced society and culture that is sustainable and respects human rights for all.
Genomic Techniques Used to Investigate the Human Gut Microbiota
Authors: P. Singh Akhlash
Published: June 2021

The human gut is the complex microbial ecosystem comprises more than 100 trillion microbes also known as microbiota. The gut microbiota does not only include about 400–500 types of bacterial strains, but it also contains archaea, bacteriophage, fungi, and protozoa species. In order to complete the characterization of the gut microbial community, we need the help of many culture-dependent and culture-independent genomic technologies. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS), mediated metagenomics that rely on 16S rRNA gene amplification, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have provided us deep knowledge related to important interactions such as host-microbiota and microbe-microbe interactions under various perturbation inside the gut. But, we still lack complete knowledge related to unique gene products encoded by gut meta-genome. Hence, it required the application of high-throughput “omics-based” methods to support metagenomics. Currently, a combination of high-throughput culturing and microfluidics assays is providing a new method to characterize non-amenable bacterial strains from the gut environment. The recent additions of artificial intelligence and deep learning to the area of microbiome studies have enhanced the capability of identification of thousand microbes simultaneously. Given above, it is necessary to apply new genome editing tools that can be used to design the personalized microflora which can be used to cure lifestyle-related diseases.
Intestinal Dysbiosis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Auguet Teresa , Bertran Laia , Binetti Jessica
Published: June 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 20–30% of the population, with an increased prevalence in industrialized regions. Some patients with NAFLD develop an inflammatory condition termed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that is characterized by hepatocellular injury, innate immune cell-mediated inflammation, and progressive liver fibrosis. In clinical practice, abdominal imaging, which reveals hepatic steatosis, is sufficient for NAFLD diagnosis if other diseases have been rejected. However, a liver biopsy is needed to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis. Therapeutic strategies used to treat obesity and metabolic syndrome improve NAFLD, but there is no specific treatment effective for NASH. The gut microbiota (GM) is composed of millions of microorganisms. Changes in the GM have a significant impact on host health. Intestinal dysbiosis is an imbalance in the GM that can induce increased permeability of the epithelial barrier, with migration of GM-derived mediators through portal vein to the liver. These mediators, such as lipopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids (BAs), choline, and endogenous ethanol, seem to be involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. Given this evidence, it would be interesting to consider GM-derived mediator determination through omics techniques as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for NASH and to focus research on microbiota modulation as a possible treatment for NASH.
Climate Change Risks in Horticultural Value Chains: A Case Study from Zimbabwe
Authors: Dube Nqobizitha
Published: June 2021

Increasing frequency and severity of droughts and floods, shift in onset and cessation of the rainfall and increasing intensity of mid-season dry spells in the last 50 years have been identified in Zimbabwe. This paper presents an assessment of risks from climate change to the horticulture sector of Zimbabwe with the aim to provide mitigatory actions that could alleviate climate change risks in the horticultural sector of Zimbabwe. Specifically the chapter seeks to outline the climate change risks facing the horticulture sector in Zimbabwe, propose actions to reduce risks and assess financing and policy options for climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe. The study followed the approach taken by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) which analyses climate risks at each stage of the horticulture value chain. The stages used by Vermeulen are input supplies (seeds, fertilisers, pest management, etc.,); agricultural production (water use, soil management, skill base, etc.,) and postproduction processes (storage, processing, transport, retail, etc.,). Data was collected from multiple stakeholders in areas with notable horticultural production across Zimbabwe using semi-structured interview guides. The study population composed of horticulture farmers, produce processing firms, value chain support organisations and government arms related to horticulture.
Interventional Strategies to Delay Aging-Related Dysfunctions of the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Fukase Naomasa , K. Stake Ingrid , Murata Yoichi , S. Hambright William , Ravuri Sudheer , J. Philippon Marc , Huard Johnny
Published: June 2021

Aging affects bones, cartilage, muscles, and other connective tissue in the musculoskeletal system, leading to numerous age-related pathologies including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia. Understanding healthy aging may therefore open new therapeutic targets, thereby leading to the development of novel approaches to prevent several age-related orthopaedic diseases. It is well recognized that aging-related stem cell depletion and dysfunction leads to reduced regenerative capacity in various musculoskeletal tissues. However, more recent evidence suggests that dysregulated autophagy and cellular senescence might be fundamental mechanisms associated with aging-related musculoskeletal decline. The mammalian/mechanical target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is known to be an essential negative regulator of autophagy, and its inhibition has been demonstrated to promote longevity in numerous species. Besides, several reports demonstrate that selective elimination of senescent cells and their cognate Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) can mitigate musculoskeletal tissue decline. Therefore, senolytic drugs/agents that can specifically target senescent cells, may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to treat a litany of age-related orthopaedic conditions. This chapter focuses on osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, very common debilitating orthopaedic conditions, and reviews current concepts highlighting new therapeutic strategies, including the mTOR inhibitors, senolytic agents, and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies.
Using Electromagnetic Properties to Identify and Design Superconducting Materials
Authors: Lacy Fred
Published: June 2021

Superconductors have a wide array of applications, such as medical imaging, supercomputing, and electric power transmission, but superconducting materials only operate at very cold temperatures. Thus, the quest to engineer room temperature superconductors is currently a hot topic of research. To accomplish this mission, it is important to have a complete understanding of the material properties that are being used to create these superconductors. Understanding the atomic and electromagnetic properties of the prospective materials will provide tremendous insight into the best choice for the materials. Therefore, a theoretical model that incorporates electromagnetic field theory and quantum mechanics principles is utilized to explain the electrical and magnetic characteristics of superconductors. This model can be used to describe the electrical resistance response and why it vanishes at the material’s critical temperature. The model can also explain the behavior of magnetic fields and why some superconducting materials completely exclude magnetic fields while other superconductors partially exclude these fields. Thus, this theoretical analysis produces a model that describes the behavior of both type I and type II superconductors. Since there are subtle differences between superconductors and perfect conductors, this model also accounts for this distinction and explains why superconductors behave differently than perfect conductors. Therefore, this theory addresses the major properties associated with superconducting materials and thus will aid researchers in the pursuit of designing room temperature superconductors.
Effects of the Peace Education Program on the Social and Emotional Behaviour for Pre-School in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Rashid Al Mushaiqri Mahfouda , Bin Ishak Zahari , Muin Ismail Wail
Published: June 2021

The education of peace has become a prominent pre-requisite for societies to survive in this competitive globalised system. As a result of the tremendous technological development, especially in communications and the intermingling of interests among members of societies, and the codification of many issues of common concern among nations, it is very necessary to set foundations for peaceful co-existence among human beings. Johnson and Johnson, stated that students should be equipped with core values such as respect for the efforts and ideas of others, an inclusive relationship with people, skills for compassion and peaceful conflict resolution. Furthermore, the present chapter provided a study of peace education program (PEP) for pre-school children aged (4–6) years in Oman. Where the program contains (28) training sessions are offered within (15) weeks at the rate of one hour per session. The researcher used a scale of two images, the behaviour of the children was measured before and after the experiment, where the researcher adopted the quasi experimental method, the sample consisted of (40) children in the experimental group and (40) children in the control group. In addition, the results of the study were in favour of the experimental group, where an improvement in their behaviour was observed after being enrolled in the program.
Fullerenes and Nanodiamonds for Medical Drug Delivery
Authors: H. Al-Tamimi Basma , B.H. Farid Saad
Published: June 2021

Carbon is a chemical element has the ability of forming long carbonic chain. Due to its special electronic structure, each carbon atom can be linked with another carbon atom or with another element via single, double or triple covalent bonds. The special electronic structure of carbon atom affecting on its properties also affecting on its ability of existing in different forms called allotropes. During few last decades, new carbon-based nanomaterials have been described including fullerene, carbon nanotube, graphene and nanodiamond. These new allotropes attracted the interest of science and industry and became as a new and important class of materials due to its outstanding features which candidate for numerous applications. In parallel with new developments in nanomedicine especially in drug delivery field, the targeted delivery systems became an important to overcome the limitations of the old fashion systems. So, it become very important to translate this idea into reality. Fullerene and nanodiamond have a unique combination of structure, morphology and biological properties that make them as a powerful tools for targeted delivery system. So, this chapter will focus on two major aspects: synthesis routes of fullerenes and nanodiamonds, and their role in nanomedicine as drug delivery systems.
Controversy, Adulteration and Substitution: Burning Problems in Ayurveda Practices
Authors: Keshari Puneshwar
Published: June 2021

Ayurveda is an Indian traditional system of medicine. In present era, world is looking towards herbal medicine because of acceptability and safety. Medicinal plants constitute an effective source of Ayurvedic and other traditional system of medicines as well as modern medicine. In India, about 80% of the rural population depends on herbal medicines in primary health care level. A large percentage of plants used in herbal industries are subject of controversy. Non-availability of plants, poor understanding and parallel evolved knowledge systems are some of the reasons attributed to it. The existing practices of polynomial nomenclature system of Sanskrit, different perceptions in various communities, vernacular equivalents, all are cumulative factors for controversy, adulteration and substitution. “ Sandigdha Dravaya “ is a term used for that type of medicinal plants which are mentioned in Ayurvedic classics but their exact botanical source is not known. Adulterants and substitutes are the common practices in herbal raw material trade. Adulteration is a debasement of an article. The motives for intentional adulteration are normally commercial that which involves deterioration, admixture, sophistication, inferiority, spoilage and other unknown reasons. Substitution is a replacement of equivalent drugs in place of original drugs. The principles to select substitute drugs are based on similar Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka and mainly the Karma. At present the adulteration and Substitution of the herbal drugs is the burning problem in herbal industry and in Ayurvedic practices. So it is necessary to develop reliable methodologies for correct identification, standardization and quality assurance of Ayurvedic drugs.
Rabies Virus Infection in Livestock
Authors: I. Khalafalla Abdelmalik , H. Ali Yahia
Published: June 2021

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic encephalomyelitis and a major challenge to public and animal health. Livestock are affected by rabies mostly through bites of rapid dogs or wildlife carnivore\'s species. They are considered as ‘dead-end’ hosts that do not transmit the virus. Rabies in livestock has been endemic in many developing countries for many years and diagnosed through clinical signs and dog-biting history. An introduction on rabies situation in farm animals will be given then subchapters including `rabies in bovines, rabies in small ruminants, rabies in swine and rabies in camelids. In each subchapter we shall discuss, epidemiology, modes of transmission, diagnosis and prevention and control measures.
Probabilistic Genotyping: A Possible New Legal Avenue to Prevent and Redress Miscarriages of Justice
Authors: Alexander Knoops Geert-Jan
Published: June 2021

This chapter delves into the relatively new DNA technique of probabilistic genotyping, which aims to a more precise determination of complex DNA profiles of multiple contributors. It explains the forensic value of this methodology compared to traditional DNA techniques such as Combined Probability of Inclusion (CPI). In particular, this forensic value is demonstrated in light of the reversal of several wrongful convictions in the USA and Europe. Apart from having a potential exculpatory effect, the advance of probabilistic genotyping can also contribute to discerning the real perpetrator of a crime. As a result, this chapter emphasizes the relevance of probabilistic genotyping for both defense lawyers and prosecutors in criminal cases.
Strategies and Programs for Improved Nutrient Use Efficiency, Doubling Farmer’s Income, and Sustainable Agriculture: Indian Context
Authors: Juttu Ravinder , Jogula Kamalakar , Priyadarshini Subhashree , Bhoopal Reddy Sharan , Kumar Patra Prasanta , Raju Bairi , Saritha J.D. , Thakur Princy , Rakesh S. , Poiba Jogarao , Krishna Chaitanya A. , Pilli Kiran
Published: June 2021

Since the Green Revolution era, the farming sector exploited the soils for food, fiber, fodder, etc., with high input responsive varieties that excavated vast amounts of chemical fertilizers. The burgeoning population of the country calls for a commensurate increase in food production to satisfy the demands of its inhabitants. Further, due to innovative mechanization in agriculture, specialization, and government policy programs, the productivity of food has soared. Subsequently, it ensued greater productions and minimized food prizes. Regrettably, intensive agricultural operations degraded the soil quality and now reached such a stage where without external inputs, growers unable to achieve their targeted yields. India has lost 68% innate productive capacity of agricultural soils. This plunder of land’s quality continues unabated, further resulting in low nutrient use efficiency and insufficient yields of agroecosystems. Therefore, this is high time to realize the dreadful impacts of intensive crop production on the natural ecosystem. Irrefutably, both soil and its nutrients are the wondrous gifts of nature to humankind; utilizing them sustainably is imperative. The present chapter highlights the impacts of non-judicious nutrient management on soil productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and novel technologies required to promote sustainable agriculture and achieve the target of doubling farmer’s income in India.
Practice Changing Innovations for Emergency Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Resource Limited Settings
Authors: Prakash Sinha Tej , RL Brunda , Yadav Sakshi , Bhoi Sanjeev
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 has affected millions worldwide. To combat the infectious pandemic in resource limited settings, healthcare workers and techies have come up with multiple innovations. Nations with scarcity of resources have resorted to innovative strategies involving optimal utilization and repurposing of available commodities to overcome the demand–supply mismatch. Emergency rooms overburdened with diseased population are resorting to local innovative ideas to overcome obstacles in COVID-19 patient care. Point of care testing strategies in emergency rooms, sampling booths to reduce Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use, disinfection strategies such as tunnel disinfection and local production of sanitizers, face masks/shields, aerosol containment chambers, novel triage protocols, telehealth care strategies reaching out to remote population and utilizing point for care ultrasound for resuscitation are few of the novel innovations which have benefitted medical fraternity and patient care in testing times. Medical innovations have emerged as the positive outcome of otherwise devastating COVID-19 pandemic. These practice changing innovations could also prove beneficial in future infectious pandemics.
The Golden Age of Drinking and the Fall into Addiction
Authors: Roth Marty ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

This article surveys the discursive turns of a conventional historical trope: the change in the valence of alcohol (and drugs) from happy to miserable. This change is commonly told as the story of a golden age of drinking and a fall into addiction (although there is a confused relationship in many of the stories between a condition called medical alcoholism and the social behavior of drunkenness). This fall is variously dated from the fifteenth to the late nineteenth centuries (both the conceptualization and the fact of alcoholism). Is this real historical change or only nominal change? Was alcoholism unknown in previous ages or has it always been around? Certain material factors (supply, absence of alternative drinks) may have impeded the visibility of alcoholism. The theory of nominal change is involved with factors like conspiratorial behavior, the conditions of scientific knowledge (i.e., the structure of investigation itself ), the baffles of categorization (heavy drinking was hidden within gluttony for most of history). Real change involves various facets of modernity and industrial capitalism: individualism and privacy, temperance, respectability, and rigid class formation, etcetera. But this shift is also a movement across class lines, from middle to lower-class drinkers.
Nepenthes and Cannabis in Ancient Greece
Authors: Arata Luigi ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

Substantial evidence supports the perspective that the people of Ancient Greece had a language for and some use for drugs, both for the purpose of medicine and poison; however, the question remains whether Ancient Greek civilization held a concept approximating what we today call drug addiction. This article explores the textual evidence for the use of two drugs, nepenthes and cannabis, in Ancient Greece. While the existence of nepenthes remains in doubt, the use of cannabis is well documented. Either drug or both drugs may have been used in the rites of the Bacchic and Orphic mysteries, which might explain why there are so few references to these drugs in the Ancient Greek literature.
Machinic Assemblages
Authors: Malins Peta ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

The body conceived of as a machinic assemblage becomes a body that is multiple. Its function or meaning no longer depends on an interior truth or identity, but on the particular assemblages it forms with other bodies. In this paper I draw on the work of Deleuze and Guattari to explore what happens to the drug using body when it is rethought as a machinic assemblage. Following an exploration of how the body of the drug user is put together and stratified as a subject, and a careful manoeuvre through the bleak conception of the ‘drugged body’ provided by Deleuze and Guattari, I begin to map out some ethical alternatives. I argue that a body should, ultimately, be valued for what it can do (rather than what is essentially ‘is’), and that assemblages should be assessed in relation to their enabling, or blocking, of a body’s potential to become other.
Objects of transgenerational memory: challenging hegemonic historical narratives of war in Lebanon
Authors: Hodeib Lynn
Published: June 2021

This article examines how objects embedded in the domestic life of the generation of the Lebanese civil war and the subsequent generations evoke stories that disrupt the state�s hegemonic production of history. The article explores stories surrounding two objects that survived the war, and took on residues of memory later heard and retold by the subsequent generation. These objects illuminate ways in which the legacy of intergenerational memory is produced and transmitted�and how these alternative spaces and stories emerge in present struggles, including the October 2019 revolution. In the first section, the article examines how material objects operate as intergenerational symbols of the experiences of war and as media for the process of narrativisation. In the second section, the argument explores the role of the material as a witness to what resists language and as a locus to memory�s temporality. In the third section, the article looks into the affective dimension of the material object as it provokes an opening to narration and challenges linear understandings of history. This search through material and domestic objects seeks stories that resist closure, and is essential to understanding today�s struggle against the Lebanese political class.
The symbiosis of oral history and agonistic memory: Voices of 68 and the legacy of the past in Northern Ireland
Authors: Reynolds Chris
Published: June 2021

This article offers a reflection on the potency of combining oral history and agonistic memory. Via the specific example of a recent collaboration between the author and National Museums NI on the subject of 1968, it will be argued that the symbiotic relationship between this methodological approach and theoretical underpinning provides a potentially effective response to the current and pressing challenge of managing the legacy of the Troubles as part of the Northern Irish peace process. The success of this approach in the particular and difficult context of Northern Ireland suggests that there are potential lessons for other post-conflict societies coming to terms with the challenges of their own difficult pasts.
The past in our art: confronting the contemporary in an ancient society
Authors: Haputhanthri Hasini
Published: June 2021

Sri Lanka is an ancient culture that has evolved into a complex post-colonial society with a multitude of identities, hybridities, synchronicities, and paradoxes. The �idea of the past� is explored by analyzing its iconographic and semiotic representations in contemporary art in work by three Sri Lankan artists. Contemporary artists respond to and re-mold their artistic traditions in depicting their day-to-day lived realities. Is the past a burden or a basis, is it inescapable or unwarranted, in projecting their contemporary truths? Does art become a practice of constant negotiation between the past and the present? How do these artists support or challenge the mainstream historic narratives intrinsic to social conflicts in the island? Ideas and representations of the past play a central role in social discourses. There are competing versions of the past: the �historic past� and the �practical past�, which is also the past of the �common man�. While some contemporary artists draw from mainstream historical narratives, one finds a critical and reflective art practice in contemporary visual culture in Sri Lanka. The work of Jagath Weerasinghe and Hanusha Somasundaram illustrates how artists respond to and investigate the past, and their approaches from History, Archaeology, and Art History, the professions most associated with �the past�, are delineated. These artists make valuable contributions to modern historiography through their art that can be read as intricate palimpsests of iconography, narrative, and memory; through visually challenging dichotomies, making their practices signifiers of the ways in which societies understand and express their past in relation to their present and themselves.
Le lecteur malveillant dans les Relations de Pierre Biard (1616) et de Paul Lejeune (1632‑1641)1
Authors: Debacq Éric
Published: June 2021

La Relation de Biard est souvent l’oubliée des Relations jésuites de Nouvelle‑France. Elle est, il est vrai, à part. D’abord, elle est publiée à Lyon chez Louis Muguet, alors que la quasi‑totalité des autres Relations sont éditées à Paris, chez Cramoisy. De plus, elle est antérieure : elle paraît en 1616, alors que la publication du corpus bien connu se fait annuellement entre 1632 et 1673. Ajoutons enfin qu’elle n’est pas une lettre, contrairement aux autres qui sont une extension imprimée de la lettre à la fois informative, administrative et propagandaire que les jésuites s’envoient de part et d’autre du globe. L’analyse de la figure du lecteur dans les Relations de Biard et de Lejeune amène à penser les différences et les ressemblances entre les deux corpus : différence dans la nature du lien affiché avec le lecteur (destinataire ou « amy Lecteur » désigné par convention), similitude dans la construction d’une figure de lecteur malveillant, qui trouverait son origine dans le caractère antipamphlétaire de la Relation de Biard.
« On ne voit goutte »
Authors: Sribnai Judith
Published: June 2021

Marie de l’Incarnation est l’auteure d’une importante correspondance dont il ne reste aujourd’hui que quelques centaines de lettres. À côté du dialogue qu’elle y noue avec ses correspondants de France et de Nouvelle‑France, l’Ursuline poursuit, inlassablement, une conversation intérieure, faite d’oraisons et de prières à Dieu. Cet échange est un lieu de secrets, un espace qui se dit mal, s’écrit encore moins, mais dont son fils et d’autres sollicitent pourtant le récit. Ses lecteurs assistent alors à une autre conversation, toujours recommencée, avec le « Verbe éternel ». Cet Autre habite toutes les lettres et fait, insensiblement, de tout lecteur un tiers, spectateur et témoin du mystère. Ce faisant, Marie de l’Incarnation familiarise chacun de ses correspondants avec l’expérience mystique, utilisant l’espace de la lettre pour ouvrir à un autre dialogue, où il n’y aurait plus ni épistolière ni destinataire.
“Social Enjoyment and the Promotion of Arts and Letters”
Authors: Gélinas‑Faucher Claudine
Published: June 2021

The Pen and Pencil Club of Montreal is one of the numerous associations founded in Montreal at the turn of the twentieth century. In offering its members the opportunity to circulate their work and receive informal feedback from other artists and writers, the club emerges as one of the forces in what Robert Darnton calls the “communications circuit,” one that creates a smaller, iterative circuit joining the author and the reader, the author as reader and the reader as author, before any work reaches the publisher. This article thus examines the workings of the Pen and Pencil Club and its mediating role between production and circulation of written texts. The Club’s members participated in nation‑wide debates on politics, culture, and art, and thus contributed in their own way to the development of a nascent Canadian cultural nationalism, one then communicated through the publication of their works.