bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reseaux de conception innovante et formes de proximites
Authors: Serrate Bénédicte
Published: July 2016

La conception, appelée « design » dans les entreprises industrielles, représente dans le processus d’innovation une étape essentielle pourtant peu étudiée encore par les économistes. Elle mobilise pour aboutir à des innovations de plus en plus jugées essentielles à la compétitivité de l’entreprise, quantité d’acteurs internes et externes selon une logique de réseau sans cesse renouvelée. A partir de l’observation de cas empiriques, nous avons tenté dans cet article de comprendre comment s’organisaient ces réseaux innovants. Aujourd’hui dans la plupart des pays qui pratiquent des politiques de développement économique local, il semble établi qu’il faille construire des proximités géographiques entre acteurs pour que se développent des relations industrielles favorisant la dynamique d’innovation et le transfert des connaissances. L’abondance des « clusters » et des « pôles de compétitivité » partout dans le monde témoigne de ce postulat. En analysant les modes d’organisation des réseaux de conception nous avons donc cherché à vérifier si la proximité géographique constituait encore un ressort essentiel et si la globalisation des entreprises ne laissait pas apparaitre d’autres formes de proximités.
Diagnóstico das pesquisas em gestão internacional no Brasil
Authors: Forte Sérgio Henrique Arruda Cavalcante , Rodrigues Diego Pesquera , Oliveira Oderlene Vieira de
Published: July 2016

Este estudo teve por objetivo diagnosticar as Pesquisas em Gestão Internacionalno Brasil no período de 2001 a 2006. A pesquisa foi descritiva do tipo deskresearch, quantitativa.Selecionou –se 161 artigos que foram classificados de acordo com as seguintes variáveis: número total de publicações por veículo, Instituições de Ensino Superior, Estados ou Países de origem dos au tores, temática, natureza metodológica do estudo e técnicas analíticas dos anais e dos periódicos. Os resultados revelaram que de 2001 a 2006 houve um crescimento de mais de 110% nas publicações em Gestão Internacional e a predominância de estudos teórico- empíricos com metodologia qualitativa.
O presente como problema historiográfico na Primeira República em dois manuais escolares
Authors: De Souza Magalhães Marcelo , Gontijo Rebeca
Published: July 2016

O artigo busca analisar alguns usos do presentee seus desafios no que diz respeito ao ensino escolar da história. Nesse sentido, focaliza um período no qual a experiência dos homens em seu próprio tempo foi abalada por incertezas quanto ao futuro e ao passado: a primeira década da República no Brasil (1889-1899). Supostamente, naquele momento o presente assumiu um lugar importante nas narrativas da história destinadas ao uso escolar, ainda que impondo muitas dificuldades a seus autores.
The Importance of Rare-Earth Additions in Zr-Based AB2 Metal Hydride Alloys
Authors: Young Kwo-Hsiung , Ouchi Taihei , Nei Jean , Moghe Dhanashree
Published: July 2016

Effects of substitutions of rare earth (RE) elements (Y, La, Ce, and Nd) to the Zr-based AB2 multi-phase metal hydride (MH) alloys on the structure, gaseous phase hydrogen storage (H-storage), and electrochemical properties were studied and compared. Solubilities of the RE atoms in the main Laves phases (C14 and C15) are very low, and therefore the main contributions of the RE additives are through the formation of the RENi phase and change in TiNi phase abundance. Both the RENi and TiNi phases are found to facilitate the bulk diffusion of hydrogen but impede the surface reaction. The former is very effective in improving the activation behaviors. −40 °C performances of the Ce-doped alloys are slightly better than the Nd-doped alloys but not as good as those of the La-doped alloys, which gained the improvement through a different mechanism. While the improvement in ultra-low-temperature performance of the Ce-containing alloys can be associated with a larger amount of metallic Ni-clusters embedded in the surface oxide, the improvement in the La-containing alloys originates from the clean alloy/oxide interface as shown in an earlier transmission electron microscopy study. Overall, the substitution of 1 at% Ce to partially replace Zr gives the best electrochemical performances (capacity, rate, and activation) and is recommended for all the AB2 MH alloys for electrochemical applications.
Recent Advances in Techniques for Starch Esters and the Applications: A Review
Authors: Hong Jing , Zeng Xin-An , Brennan Charles , Brennan Margaret , Han Zhong
Published: July 2016

Esterification is one of the most important methods to alter the structure of starch granules and improve its applications. Conventionally, starch esters are prepared by conventional or dual modification techniques, which have the disadvantages of being expensive, have regent overdoses, and are time-consuming. In addition, the degree of substitution (DS) is often considered as the primary factor in view of its contribution to estimate substituted groups of starch esters. In order to improve the detection accuracy and production efficiency, different detection techniques, including titration, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis/infrared spectroscopy (TGA/IR) and headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC), have been developed for DS. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the recent advances in DS analysis and starch esterification techniques. Additionally, the advantages, limitations, some perspectives on future trends of these techniques and the applications of their derivatives in the food industry are also presented.
TESTING THE WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE OF COSMOLOGICAL REDSHIFT DOWN TO Δz ∼ 10−6
Authors: Ferreras Ignacio , Trujillo Ignacio
Published: July 2016

At the core of the standard cosmological model lies the assumption that the redshift of distant galaxies is independent of photon wavelength. This invariance of cosmological redshift with wavelength is routinely found in all galaxy spectra with a precision of Δz ∼ 10−4. The combined use of approximately half a million high-quality galaxy spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) allows us to explore this invariance down to a nominal precision in redshift of 10−6 (statistical). Our analysis is performed over the redshift interval 0.02 < z < 0.25. We use the centroids of spectral lines over the 3700–6800 Å rest-frame optical window. We do not find any difference in redshift between the blue and red sides down to a precision of 10−6 at z ≲ 0.1 and 10−5 at 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.25 (i.e., at least an order of magnitude better than with single galaxy spectra). This is the first time the wavelength-independence of the (1 + z) redshift law is confirmed over a wide spectral window at this precision level. This result holds independently of the stellar population of the galaxies and their kinematical properties. This result is also robust against wavelength calibration issues. The limited spectral resolution (R ∼ 2000) of the SDSS data, combined with the asymmetric wavelength sampling of the spectral features in the observed restframe due to the (1 + z) stretching of the lines, prevent our methodology from achieving a precision higher than 10−5, at z > 0.1. Future attempts to constrain this law will require high quality galaxy spectra at higher resolution (R ≳ 10,000).
POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY OF FLUCTUATIONS OF BULK AND THERMAL SPEEDS IN THE SOLAR WIND
Authors: Šafránková J. , Němeček Z. , Němec F. , Přech L. , Chen C. H. K. , Zastenker G. N.
Published: July 2016

This paper analyzes solar wind power spectra of bulk and thermal speed fluctuations that are computed with a time resolution of 32 ms in the frequency range of 0.001–2 Hz. The analysis uses measurements of the Bright Monitor of the Solar Wind on board the Spektr-R spacecraft that are limited to 570 km s−1 bulk speed. The statistics, based on more than 42,000 individual spectra, show that: (1) the spectra of bulk and thermal speeds can be fitted by two power-law segments; (2) despite their large variations, the parameters characterizing frequency spectrum fits computed on each particular time interval are very similar for both quantities; (3) the median slopes of the bulk and thermal speeds of the segment attributed to the MHD scale are −1.43 and −1.38, respectively, whereas they are −3.08 and −2.43 in the kinetic range; (4) the kinetic range slopes of bulk and thermal speed spectra become equal when either the ion density or magnetic field strength are high; (5) the break between MHD and kinetic scales seems to be controlled by the ion β parameter; (6) the best scaling parameter for bulk and thermal speed variations is a sum of the inertial length and proton thermal gyroradius; and (7) the above conclusions can be applied to the density variations if the background magnetic field is very low.
Characterization and Microstructure of Kaolin-Based Ceramic Using Geopolymerization
Authors: Jaya Nur Ain , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Binhussain Mohammed , Hussin Kamarudin , Ahmad Romisuhani
Published: July 2016

Geopolymers can be transformed into ceramics upon sintering. This paper reports the effect of temperature on the physical, mechanical properties and characteristics of kaolin geopolymer ceramic. The nepheline ceramic was fabricated through geopolymerization. The geopolymer samples were exposed to temperature from 900 °C up to 1200 °C. Kaolin geopolymer undergo shrinkage upon temperature exposure. Unheated kaolin geopolymer appeared to be amorphous and crystalline nepheline was the major phase after sintered to high temperatures as depicted by XRD analysis. Microstructural analysis showed formation of denser structure as the temperature increased. The maximum flexural strength of 86 MPa is achieved at temperatures of 1200 °C.
The Effects of L2 Reading Skills on L1 Reading Skills through Transfer
Authors: Altmisdort Gonca
Published: July 2016

This study investigated whether transfer from L2 to L1 in reading occurs, and if so, which reading sub-skills are transferred into L1 reading. The aim is to identify the role of second language reading skills in L1 reading skills by means of transfer. In addition, the positive effects of the second language transfer to the first language in the context of reading skills and sub-skills were analyzed. Fifty-three native Turkish-speaking adults English language learners were tested in this study. These participants were university students who had the same L1 Turkish proficiency backgrounds. While 26 students took L2 reading courses for four months, the other 27 students did not take any L2 reading courses. After four months of L2 reading courses, these two groups were given a standard L1 (Turkish) reading test. The Turkish reading test included vocabulary, comprehension, grammar and reading sub-skills questions. The results revealed that L1 reading skills were affected positively by the L2 reading skill transfer. The study reveals which L1 reading sub-skills are more developed by L2 reading skills transfer. For further studies, the correlations in L1 and L2 courses may open a way in language curriculum design. Both courses can be designed as an adjunct course formulated on the skill-based syllabus model, and reading skills can be transferred cross-linguistically. Thus, L2 reading proficiency will be transferred to L1 proficiency.
Modeling the influence of deep water application of dispersants on the surface expression of oil: A sensitivity study
Authors: Testa Jeremy M. , Eric Adams E. , North Elizabeth W. , He Ruoying
Published: July 2016

Although the effects of chemical dispersants on oil droplet sizes and ascent speeds are well‐known, the fate and transport of dispersed oil droplets of different sizes under varying hydrodynamic conditions can be difficult to assess with observations alone. We used a particle tracking model to evaluate the effect of changes in droplet sizes due to dispersant application on the short‐term transport and surface expression of oil released under conditions similar to those following the 3 June 2010 riser cutting during the Deepwater Horizon event. We used simulated injections of oil droplets of varying size and number under conditions associated with no dispersant application and with dispersant application at 50% and 100% efficiency. Due to larger droplet sizes in the no‐dispersant scenario, all of the simulated oil reached the surface within 7 h, while only 61% and 28% of the oil reached the surface after 12 h in the 50% and 100% dispersant efficiency cases, respectively. The length of the surface slick after 6 h was ∼2 km in the no‐dispersant case whereas there was no surface slick after 6 h in the 100% dispersant case, because the smaller oil droplets which resulted from dispersant application had not yet reached the surface. Model results suggest that the application of dispersants at the well head had the following effects: (1) less oil reached the surface in the 6‐12 h after application, (2) oil had a longer residence time in the water‐column, and (3) oil was more highly influenced by subsurface transport.
Probability distributions of bed load particle velocities, accelerations, hop distances, and travel times informed by Jaynes's principle of maximum entropy
Authors: Furbish David Jon , Schmeeckle Mark W. , Schumer Rina , Fathel Siobhan L.
Published: July 2016

We describe the most likely forms of the probability distributions of bed load particle velocities, accelerations, hop distances, and travel times, in a manner that formally appeals to inferential statistics while honoring mechanical and kinematic constraints imposed by equilibrium transport conditions. The analysis is based on E. Jaynes's elaboration of the implications of the similarity between the Gibbs entropy in statistical mechanics and the Shannon entropy in information theory. By maximizing the information entropy of a distribution subject to known constraints on its moments, our choice of the form of the distribution is unbiased. The analysis suggests that particle velocities and travel times are exponentially distributed and that particle accelerations follow a Laplace distribution with zero mean. Particle hop distances, viewed alone, ought to be distributed exponentially. However, the covariance between hop distances and travel times precludes this result. Instead, the covariance structure suggests that hop distances follow a Weibull distribution. These distributions are consistent with high‐resolution measurements obtained from high‐speed imaging of bed load particle motions. The analysis brings us closer to choosing distributions based on our mechanical insight.
A Method for Fabricating Stainless Steel Pellets with Open‐Cell Porosity by Alkaline Leaching of Silica Template
Authors: Covaciu Manuela , Richter Eduardo , Walczak Magdalena , Tan Jin‐Chong , del Valle José M.
Published: July 2016

A method of fabricating stainless steel pellets with open‐cell porosity is presented in the context of producing metallic analogs of biological materials. Powder metallurgy approach is employed by mixing powders of food grade AISI 316L stainless steel and silica. After sintering, the spacer is removed by alkaline leaching. The resulting metal framework has interconnected porosity, low apparent density (≈1.91 g cm−3) and yield strength from 4.2 to 220 MPa. The effects of initial silica content (between 20 and 60 vol%) and silica particle size (small 0.–10 µm, medium 110 µm, and large 170–630 µm) on the resulting structural and mechanical properties are studied.
Solvent‐Free Photooxidation of Alkanes by Dioxygen with 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone via Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Ohkubo Kei , Hirose Kensaku , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: July 2016

Photooxidation of alkanes by dioxygen occurred under visible light irradiation of 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) which acts as a super photooxidant. Solvent‐free hydroxylation of cyclohexane and alkanes is initiated by electron transfer from alkanes to the singlet and triplet excited states of DDQ to afford the corresponding radical cations and DDQ⋅−, as revealed by femtosecond laser‐induced transient absorption measurements. Alkane radical cations readily deprotonate to produce alkyl radicals, which react with dioxygen to afford alkylperoxyl radicals. Alkylperoxyl radicals abstract hydrogen atoms from alkanes to yield alkyl hydroperoxides, accompanied by regeneration of alkyl radicals to constitute the radical chain reactions, so called autoxidation. The radical chain is terminated in the bimolecular reactions of alkylperoxyl radicals to yield the corresponding alcohols and ketones. DDQ⋅−, produced by the photoinduced electron transfer from alkanes to the excited state of DDQ, disproportionates with protons to yield DDQH2.
Improved Performance of Electroplated CZTS Thin‐Film Solar Cells with Bifacial Configuration
Authors: Ge Jie , Yu Yue , Ke Weijun , Li Jian , Tan Xinxuan , Wang Zhiwei , Chu Junhao , Yan Yanfa
Published: July 2016

Annealing in S vapor greatly improves the performance of electroplated Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells based on the bifacial configuration of Al‐doped ZnO (AZO, front contact)/ZnO/CdS/CZTS/indium tin oxide (ITO, back contact), as compared to H2S annealing in our previous works. S‐vapor annealing does not cause severe damage to the conductivity of the ITO back contact. The highest device efficiency of 5.8 % was reached under 1 sun illumination from the AZO side. The well‐preformed devices based on the ITO back contact demonstrate smaller series resistances and better fill factors, as compared to our substrate‐type devices using Mo back contacts. An interfacial reaction at the ITO back contact has been revealed in experiments, which contributes to the formation of SnO2‐enriched interfacial layer and diffusion of In from ITO into CZTS through the Sn sites. Incorporation of In does not significantly change the optical and structural properties or the grain size of CZTS absorbers.
One‐Pot Conversion of Carbohydrates into Furan Derivatives via Furfural and 5‐Hydroxylmethylfurfural as Intermediates
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhang Zehui
Published: July 2016

Recently, there has been growing interest in the transformation of renewable biomass into value‐added fuels and chemicals. The catalytic conversion of naturally abundant carbohydrates can generate two‐important furan chemicals: 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from C6 carbohydrates and furfural from C5 carbohydrates. Both HMF and furfural have received great interest as precursors in the synthesis of commodity chemicals and liquid fuels. In recent years, a trend has emerged to integrate sequential catalytic processes involving multistep reactions for the direct one‐pot transformation of carbohydrates into the aimed fuels and chemicals. One‐pot reactions have remarkably unique and environmentally friendly benefits, including the fact that isolation and purification of intermediate compounds can be avoided. Herein, the present article aims to review recent advances in the one‐pot conversion of carbohydrates into furan derivatives via furfural and HMF as intermediates. Special attention will be paid to the catalytic systems, mechanistic insight, reaction pathways, and catalyst stability. It is expected that this review will guide researchers to develop effective catalytic systems for the one‐pot transformation of carbohydrates into furan derivatives.
Extensive variation, but not local adaptation in an Australian alpine daisy
Authors: Hirst Megan J. , Sexton Jason P. , Hoffmann Ary A.
Published: July 2016

Alpine plants often occupy diverse habitats within a similar elevation range, but most research on local adaptation in these plants has focused on elevation gradients. In testing for habitat‐related local adaptation, local effects on seed quality and initial plant growth should be considered in designs that encompass multiple populations and habitats. We tested for local adaptation across alpine habitats in a morphologically variable daisy species, Brachyscome decipiens, in the Bogong High Plains in Victoria, Australia. We collected seed from different habitats, controlled for maternal effects through initial seed size estimates, and characterized seedling survival and growth in a field transplant experiment. We found little evidence for local adaptation for survival or plant size, based on three adaptation measures: Home versus Away, Local versus Foreign, and Sympatric versus Allopatric (SA). The SA measure controlled for planting site and population (site‐of‐origin) effects. There were significant differences due to site‐of‐origin and planting site effects. An important confounding factor was the size of plants directly after transplantation of seedlings, which had a large impact on subsequent seedling survival and growth. Initial differences in plant width and height influenced subsequent survival across the growing season but in opposing directions: wide plants had higher survival, but tall plants had lower survival. In an additional controlled garden experiment at Cranbourne Royal Botanic Gardens, site‐of‐origin effects detected in the field experiments disappeared under more benign homogeneous conditions. Although B. decipiens from different source areas varied significantly when grown across a range of alpine habitats, these differences did not translate into a local or habitat‐related fitness advantage. This lack of local advantage may signal weak past selection, and/or weak adaptive transgeneration (plasticity) effects.
Pseudomonas sp. BUP6, a novel isolate from Malabari goat produces an efficient rhamnolipid type biosurfactant
Authors: Priji Prakasan , Sajith Sreedharan , Unni Kizhakkepowathial Nair , Anderson Robin C. , Benjamin Sailas
Published: July 2016

This study describes the characteristics of a biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas sp. BUP6, a rumen bacterium, and optimization of parameters required for its production. Initial screening of five parameters (pH, temperature, agitation, incubation, and substrate concentration) was carried out employing Plackett–Burman design, which reduced the number of parameters to 3 (pH, temperature, and incubation) according to their significance on the yield of biosurfactant. A suitable statistical model for the production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas sp. BUP6 was established according to Box–Behnken design, which resulted in 11% increase (at pH 7, 35 °C, incubation 75 h) in the yield (2070 mg L−1) of biosurfactant. The biosurfactant was found stable at a wide range of pH (3–9) with 48 mg L−1 critical micelle concentration; and maintained over 90% of its emulsification ability even after boiling and in presence of sodium chloride (0.5%). The highest cell hydrophobicity (37%) and emulsification (69%) indices were determined with groundnut oil and kerosene, respectively. The biosurfactant was found to inhibit the growth and adhesion of E. coli and S. aureus significantly. From the phytotoxicity studies, the biosurfactant did not show any adverse effect on the germinating seeds of rice and green gram. The structural characterization of biosurfactant employing orcinol method, thin layer chromatography and FT‐IR indicated that it is a rhamnolipid (glycolipid). Thus, Pseudomonas sp. BUP6, a novel isolate from Malabari goat is demonstrated as a producer of an efficient rhamnolipid type biosurfactant suitable for application in various industries.
Corrosion properties of Ni‐Fe‐Cr (III) multilayer coating synthesized via pulse duty cycle variation
Authors: Torabinejad V. , Aliofkhazraei M. , Sabour Rouhaghdam A. , Allahyarzadeh M. H.
Published: July 2016

Ni–Fe–Cr multilayer coatings were successfully electrodeposited on the mild carbon steel. The frequent variation of pulse duty cycle between two values of 20 and 90% prepared multilayers with 8, 16, and 32 bilayers. The results indicate that contents of constituent elements varied in an alternative manner. The corrosion performance of the coatings was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a 3.5% NaCl solution and 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. The results showed that multilayer structure improves the corrosion resistance in comparison to monolithic coatings. Increasing the number of bilayers from 8 to 32 resulted in a consequent increase in the corrosion resistance.
Re:Urethral bulking for recurrent stress urinary incontinence after midurethral sling failure
Authors: Çekmez Yasemin , Angın Pınar , Tufan Gül , Kıran Gürkan
Published: July 2016

The Integral Theory consists of nine specific sites three main compartments which are supporting the female pelvis. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is caused due to laxity in the vaginal supporting ligaments in especially anterior pelvic compartment which consists of pubourethral ligament, external urethral ligament, and hammock. The diagnose of each failure should be distinguished for the choose of the most effective treatment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1218–1218, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of renal function by changing the bone-modifying agent from zoledronic acid to denosumab
Authors: Yamasaki Mutsushi , Yuasa Takeshi , Uehara Sho , Fujii Yasuhisa , Yamamoto Shinya , Masuda Hitoshi , Fukui Iwao , Yonese Junji
Published: July 2016

Background

In order to help in selecting the optimum bone-modifying agent (BMA; zoledronic acid or denosumab), we investigated the impact of the BMA on the renal function of patients with bone metastases.

Materials and methods

The present study consisted of 118 patients who were treated with denosumab for bone metastases secondary to prostate cancer, renal cell cancer, and urothelial cancer at our hospital between 2012 and 2015. The clinical course of the renal function of these patients, treated with zoledronic acid or denosumab, was retrospectively evaluated.

Results

Of the 118 patients who were treated with denosumab during the study period, 57 (48 %) had previously been administered zoledronic acid and 61 (52 %) had received denosumab as the first-line BMA. The reasons for changing from zoledronic acid to denosumab were increased creatinine serum level (26 patients, 46 %), patient preference (16 patients, 28 %), difficulty with venous infusion (10 patients, 17 %), and other reasons (5 patients, 9 %). The median level of creatinine clearance in the patients who changed from zoledronic acid to denosumab due to increased serum creatinine level was 59.9 ml/min before administration of zoledronic acid, 40.9 ml/min at the beginning of denosumab treatment, 47.5 ml/min at 3 months after administration of denosumab, and 52.0 ml/min at the last follow-up. There were significant differences.

Conclusions

For the first time, we demonstrated that the renal function of some patients, which had deteriorated following zoledronic acid administration, successfully improved after changing to denosumab.
The first ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the Umbrian–Marchean Apennines (Marche, Central Italy)
Authors: PAPARELLA ILARIA , MAXWELL ERIN E. , CIPRIANI ANGELO , RONCACÈ SCILLA , CALDWELL MICHAEL W.
Published: July 2016

The first ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Central–Northern Apennines (Marche, Italy) is here described for the first time. The specimen is relatively complete and is referred toGengasaurus nicosiaigen. et sp. nov. based on a unique combination of characters, including a peculiar condition of the preaxial accessory facet on the humerus. The faunal association of the ichthyosaur-bearing level indicates a late Kimmeridgian – earliest Tithonian age, and its finding contributes significantly to our knowledge of the diversity of Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs from the Western Tethys. Two shark teeth assigned to the order Hexanchiformes were also recovered in association with the ichthyosaur specimen, suggesting that scavenging of the carcass might have occurred.Gengasauruscan be referred to Ophthalmosauridae based on the reduced extracondylar area of the basioccipital, and the presence of a preaxial digit. It differs fromOphthalmosaurusspp. in several respects, including the shape of the posterior basisphenoid, the shape of the supraoccipital, the anteriorly deflected preaxial facet of the humerus, and a proximodistally shortened ulna. The new taxon actually shares diagnostic characters with both members of the two main lineages recovered in previous phylogenetic analyses, more nested within Ophthalmosauridae. The affinities ofGengasaurusto genera from both the northern and southern hemispheres also suggest that connectivity between pelagic habitats was high during the early Late Jurassic, allowing dispersal of some forms, followed by local, endemic divergence.
The Social Interpretation of the English Revolution
Authors: Zagorin Perez
Published: July 2016

The discussion of the social character of the English revolution is carried on at present largely in terms of the well-known controversy over the gentry. The debate which has been conducted has undoubtedly been welcomed by all historians as a valuable stimulus to think afresh and more deeply about the seventeenth century. But the preoccupation with the gentry, instructive as it has been, has also had its disadvantages, for it has served, I think, to obscure how much a general judgment on the social origin and development of the revolution depends on a knowledge of many other topics besides those to which R. H. Tawney, Lawrence Stone, and H. R. Trevor-Roper have drawn to our attention.
Patterns of species diversity: fact or artifact?
Authors: Osman Richard W. , Whitlatch Robert B.
Published: July 2016

The pattern observed in nature has often served as a compelling motivation for seeking the underlying processes which are assumed to control the pattern. Spatial and temporal patterns of species diversity are the most commonly observed and described from the study of recent and paleocommunities. These patterns include those found within a local or discrete region such as succession and changes along an environmental gradient and interregional or global patterns such as latitudinal diversity gradients and comparisons of the deep-sea and the continental shelf faunas. Many hypotheses have been advanced to explain these patterns in terms of differences in the biology of species adapted to different or changing environments. However, a more simple explanation is possible: that these patterns do not result from any specific biologic processes.

We examine this possibility and show that succession can result from probabilistic immigration and local extinction of species, diversity gradients can result from probabilistic disturbance in naturally patchy environments, and that latitudinal gradients can be simply a function of the shape of the earth. As long as such diversity patterns can be explained independent of any specific biologic processes, they offer no test of the importance of these processes, either ecologically or evolutionarily.
AUTONOMY, DURESS, AND COERCION
Authors: Taylor James Stacey
Published: July 2016

For the past three decades philosophical discussions of both
personal autonomy and what it is for a person to “identify”
with her desires have been dominated by the “hierarchical”
analyses of these concepts developed by Gerald Dworkin and Harry
Frankfurt. The longevity of these analyses is owed, in part, to the
intuitive appeal of their shared claim that the concepts of autonomy
and identification are to be analyzed in terms of hierarchies of
desires, such that it is a necessary condition for a person to be
autonomous with respect to (to identify with) a desire that moves
her to act, that she desires that this desire so move her. (Conversely,
on these analyses, a person will not be autonomous with respect to
a desire that she is moved by, she will not identify with it, if she
does not want to be so moved.) Despite the intuitive appeal of these
analyses, however, Irving Thalberg has argued that they should be
rejected. This is because, he argues, a person who is forced to perform
an action by being subjected to duress of a certain degree of harshness
will desire to be moved by her desire to submit. Thus, he continues, the
proponents of hierarchical analyses of autonomy and identification will
be forced to hold that such a person acted willingly, and did not suffer
from any impairment in her autonomy. This, Thalberg concludes, is so
counterintuitive as to justify rejecting hierarchical analyses.
Neurobiology or agression and impulsivity
Authors: Tuinier S. , Verhoeven W.M.A.
Published: July 2016

Because of the graded nature of adaptational processes, a dimensional diagnostic approach is more adequate than the categorical classification. The broad concept of the serotonin-aggression relationship, irrespective of the diagnostic category, is increasingly questionable and seems to be present in young, white male adults with antisocial personality disorders only. In this group, dopaminergic and neurosteroid-linked mechanisms are important as well.
Sulla Eziologia Ereditaria delle Fibre Mieliniche del Fundus. (Coppia MZ con reperto concordante di fibre mieliniche e di residui embrionari della cristalloide posteriore e coppia MZ con reperto discordante di fibre mieliniche e concordanti di epilessia)
Authors: Gedda L. , Lumbroso B. D. , Catalino P.
Published: July 2016

The Authors have studied the hereditary etiology of myelinated nerve fibers of the retina and present two twin cases: one MZ pair concordant as to myelinated nerve fibers and to embryonic remains of the posterior capsule of the lens, and another MZ pair discordant as to myelinated nerve fibers and concordant as to epilepsy.
Expression of the chemokine CXCL14 and cetuximab-dependent tumour suppression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kondo T , Ozawa S , Ikoma T , Yang X-Y , Kanamori K , Suzuki K , Iwabuchi H , Maehata Y , Miyamoto C , Taguchi T , Kiyono T , Kubota E , Hata R-I
Published: July 2016

Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has been successfully used to treat some patients with colorectal cancer and those with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). For the effective treatment, it is essential to first identify cetuximab-responsive patients. The level of EGFR expression and/or the presence of mutations in signalling molecules downstream of the EGFR pathway have been reported to be determining factors for cetuximab responsiveness in colorectal cancer patients; however, limited data have been reported for HNSCC patients. We previously reported that the chemokine CXCL14 exhibits tumour-suppressive effects against xenografted HNSCC cells, which may be classified into two groups, CXCL14-expressing and non-expressing cells under serum-starved culture conditions. Here we employed CXCL14-expressing HSC-3 cells and CXCL14-non-expressing YCU-H891 cells as representatives of the two groups and compared their responses to cetuximab and their CXCL14 expression under various conditions. The growth of xenografted tumours initiated by HSC-3 cells, which expressed CXCL14 in vivo and in vitro, was suppressed by the injection of cetuximab into tumour-bearing mice; however, neither the expression of the chemokine nor the cetuximab-dependent suppression of xenograft tumour growth was observed for YCU-H891 cells. Both types of cells expressed EGFR and neither type harboured mutations in signalling molecules downstream of EGFR that have been reported in cetuximab-resistant colon cancer patients. The inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling increased the levels of CXCL14 messenger RNA (mRNA) in HSC-3 cells, but not in YCU-H891 cells. We also observed that the CXCL14 promoter region in YCU-H891 cells was hypermethylated, and that demethylation of the promoter by treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine restored CXCL14 mRNA expression and in vivo cetuximab-mediated tumour growth suppression. Finally, we observed in vivo tumour growth suppression when YCU-H891 cells were engineered to express CXCL14 ectopically in the presence of doxycycline. These results indicate that CXCL14 expression may be a good predictive biomarker for cetuximab-dependent tumour suppression.
A label-free electrochemical immunosensor for beta-amyloid detection
Authors: Kaushik Ajeet , Shah Pratikkumar , Vabbina Phani Kiran , Jayant Rahul Dev , Tiwari Sneham , Vashist Arti , Yndart Adriana , Nair Madhavan
Published: July 2016

A label-free detection of beta-amyloid (βA) proteins using an electrochemical immunosensor fabricated via immobilizing specific anti-beta-amyloid antibodies (An-βA-Abs) onto an interdigitated electrode of gold (IDE-Au) modified using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) [DTSP] is presented here.
Fabrication of silica nanotubes with an anisotropic functionality as a smart catalyst supporter
Authors: Seo Young Deok , Lee Choonghyeon , Lee Kyung Jin , Jang Jyongsik
Published: July 2016

An anisotropic nanomaterial with different internal and external functionalities can serve as a versatile nanocarrier for smart nanocatalysts.
A molecular mechanical model for N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Gehrke Sascha , Hollóczki Oldamur
Published: July 2016

In this work a set of force fields for nine synthetically relevant and/or structurally interesting N-heterocyclic carbenes is presented, allowing facile substitution and the simulation of numerous carbene catalysts in solution by classical MD.
Structural and dynamic evolution of the amphipathic N-terminus diversifies enzyme thermostability in the glycoside hydrolase family 12
Authors: Jiang Xukai , Chen Guanjun , Wang Lushan
Published: July 2016

The N-terminus diversifies enzyme thermostability in the GH12 family, which was investigated by MD simulations, and provides potential applications in protein engineering.
Ruthenium(ii) complexes with dppz: from molecular photoswitch to biological applications
Authors: Li Guanying , Sun Lingli , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: July 2016

The present article describes the recent advances in biological applications of the Ru-dppz systems in DNA binding, cellular imaging, anticancer drugs, phototherapy, protein aggregation detecting and chemosensors.
Efficient molecular ruthenium catalysts containing anionic ligands for water oxidation
Authors: Lu Zhongkai , Gao Yan , Chen Hong , Liu Zhao , Chen Lifang , Sun Licheng
Published: July 2016

Two new mononuclear Ru complexes RuII(bipa)(pic)3(1; H2bipa = 6-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)picolinic acid, pic = 4-picoline) and RuII(pbic)(pic)3(2; H2pbic = 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylic acid, pic = 4-picoline) based on anionic ligands were successfully synthesized, and characterized using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography.
Iron(0) mediated C–H activation of 1-hexyne: a mechanistic study using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Blank Jan H. , Raju Rajesh K. , Yan Tao , Brothers Edward N. , Darensbourg Marcetta Y. , Bengali Ashfaq A.
Published: July 2016

Photolysis of an iron tricarbonyl complex in the presence of 1-hexyne results in the formation of an intermediate Fe-(η2-1-hexyne) species which converts to the C–H activated Fe–CCR product.
Efficiency parameters in artificial allosteric systems
Authors: Schneider Hans-Jörg
Published: July 2016

It is shown that the conformational energy ΔGCrequired for the formation of a suitable cavity or cleft for ligand binding in absence of an effectorEis the essential factor for the efficiency of synthetic allosteric systems with positive cooperativity.
Regioselective synthesis of 3-anthracenyloxindoles and 3-carbazolyloxindoles by indium(iii)-catalyzed direct arylation and their fluorescent chemosensor properties
Authors: Somai Magar Krishna Bahadur , Edison T. N. Jebakumar Immanuel , Lee Yong Rok
Published: July 2016

An efficient protocol for diverse 3-anthracenyloxindoles and 3-carbazolyloxindoles has been developed by In(OTf)3-catalyzed direct arylation of 3-diazooxindoles with anthracenes or carbazoles.
Understanding of nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles based solid phosphors for white light emitting diodes
Authors: Sadhanala Hari Krishna , Senapati Subrata , Nanda K. K.
Published: July 2016

Filter coffee powder derived nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles (N-CNPs) for white light emitting diodes.
Hydrophilic modification of PVDF porous membrane via a simple dip-coating method in plant tannin solution
Authors: Zhang Songfeng , Wu Lili , Deng Feirong , Zhao Depeng , Zhang Chao , Zhang Chaocan
Published: July 2016

A plant tannin coating is constructed on the PVDF surface via a simple dip-coating method that significantly improve its hydrophilicity.
Effect of electric field on creep and stress-relaxation behavior of carbon nanotube forests
Authors: Jagtap Piyush , Kumar Amit , Kumar Praveen
Published: July 2016

Carbon nanotube forests (CNTFs) are porous ensembles of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, exhibiting excellent reversible compressibility and electric field tunable stress–strain, creep, and viscoelastic responses.
Mesoporous carbon nanoparticles capped with polyacrylic acid as drug carrier for bi-trigger continuous drug release
Authors: Zhang Yang , Han Lu , Hu Lin-Lin , Chang Yan-Qin , He Rong-Huan , Chen Ming-Li , Shu Yang , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: July 2016

Mesoporous carbon nanoparticles capped with polyacrylic acid facilitate bi-trigger continuous drug release through pH variation and disulfide bond dissociation.
Structural analysis and thermoelectric properties of mechanically alloyed colusites
Authors: Bourgès Cédric , Gilmas Margaux , Lemoine Pierric , Mordvinova Natalia E. , Lebedev Oleg I. , Hug Eric , Nassif Vivian , Malaman Bernard , Daou Ramzy , Guilmeau Emmanuel
Published: July 2016

Structural analysis of colusite phases by neutron diffraction pattern refinement and high resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Opto-electronic properties of P-doped nc-Si–QD/a-SiC:H thin films as foundation layer for all-Si solar cells in superstrate configuration
Authors: Kar Debjit , Das Debajyoti
Published: July 2016

With the advent of nc-Si solar cells having improved stability, the efficient growth of nc-Si i-layer of the top cell of an efficient all-Si solar cell in the superstrate configuration prefers nc-Si n-layer as its substrate. Accordingly, a wide band gap and high conducting nc-Si alloy material is a basic requirement at the n-layer. Present investigation deals with the development of phosphorous doped n-type nanocrystalline silicon quantum dots embedded in hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (nc-Si–QD/a-SiC:H) hetero-structure films, wherein the optical band gap can be widened by the presence of Si–C bonds in the amorphous matrix and the embedded high density tiny nc-Si–QDs could provide high electrical conductivity, particularly in P-doped condition. The nc-Si–QDs simultaneously facilitate further widening of the optical band gap by virtue of the associated quantum confinement effect. A complete investigation has been made on the electrical transport phenomena involving charge transfer by tunneling and thermionic emission prevailing in n-type nc-Si–QD/a-SiC:H thin films. Their correlation with different phases of the specific heterostructure has been carried out for detailed understanding of the material, in order to improve its device applicability. The n-type nc-Si–QD/a-SiC:H films exhibit a thermally activated electrical transport above room temperature and multi-phonon hopping (MPH) below room temperature, involving defects in the amorphous phase and the grain-boundary region. The n-type nc-Si–QD/a-SiC:H films grown at ∼300 °C, demonstrating wide optical gap ∼1.86–1.96 eV and corresponding high electrical conductivity ∼4.5 × 10−1–1.4 × 10−2 S cm−1, deserve to be an effective foundation layer for the top nc-Si sub-cell of all-Si solar cells in n-i-p structure with superstrate configuration.
On the formation of prepositional adverbs in Modern German
Authors: Nolda Andreas
Published: July 2016

In this paper, I defend the hypothesis that each prepositional adverb in Modern German is formed from an adverb and a preposition – and not from two adverbs, as recently suggested in the literature. As major support for this hypothesis, I show on the example of darunter that the intensions of the lexical meanings of non-idiomatic prepositional adverbs are compositionally built from the intensions of preposition meanings by combining them in an appropriate way with the intension of an adverb meaning. The proposed analysis, formulated within the general framework of Integrational Linguistics (IL), also provides a solution for the animacy problem of prepositional adverbs, i.e. the problem that many prepositional adverbs in Modern German do not phorically take up animated entities, in particular, persons. This restriction follows, it is argued, from a sortal restriction inherited from the preposition meaning. While syntactic semantics can accommodate preposition meanings in order to properly relate preposition complement interpretations, there is no such accommodation in the case of prepositional adverbs, their valence being lexically reduced by one.
Arabic ȷ̌ and the class of Sun Letters
Authors: Freeman Aaron
Published: July 2016

This article examines the interaction between Arabic definite article assimilation to coronals and the realization of ȷ� across dialects. Three contrasting grammatical patterns were identified: (1) ȷ� does not trigger assimilation, (2) coronal ȷ� triggers assimilation, and (3) velar g < ȷ� optionally triggers assimilation. Historical evidence indicates that velar, palatal, and prepalatal variants of ȷ� have coexisted since Old Arabic, while (3) arose from (2) in urban Egyptian Arabic from late generalization of the velar variant. I further propose that an underlyingly palatal, rather than velar, variant underlies the peninsular Arabian dialects with pattern (1), and that pattern (2) emerged in Old Arabic from phonological reanalysis of fronted ȷ� as coronal.
Discourse Reflexivity in Linear Unit Grammar
Authors: Smart Cameron
Published: July 2016

Discourse Reflexivity in Linear Unit Grammar: The case of IMDb message boards represents a significant landmark. Not only is it the first in-depth corpus-based study to be based on Linear Unit Grammar, it is also the first study to present a unified model of both Linear Unit Grammar and Linear Unit Discourse Analysis. To illustrate this model, the book focuses on the role of discourse reflexivity in the linear structure of online message board discourse from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) webpage. It is shown that discourse reflexivity plays a central role in the linear structure and antagonism characteristic of this type of discourse. This book will particularly appeal to those who have an interest in carrying forward the innovations in the description of grammar, lexis and discourse proposed by John Sinclair in his lifetime as well as to those with a specific interest in discourse reflexivity and computer-mediated communication.
A new look at heritage Spanish and its speakers
Authors: Toribio Almeida Jacqueline , Bullock Barbara E.
Published: July 2016

In this chapter we advocate for the value of new forms of observation for characterizing the Spanish of heritage speakers in the United States. As is widely recognized, Spanish acquired in bilingual contexts is different from Spanish acquired in monolingual settings; and, yet, the nature of bilingual U.S. Spanish has not been adequately documented, even as the field of heritage language studies advances. Here, we motivate the need to more accurately describe heritage Spanish and to quantify variation in heritage Spanish speech. More importantly, we propose a means of doing so; specifically, we endorse a corpus-based approach, which allows for baselines that are vital in informing heritage Spanish research.