bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lenguajes en movimiento y signos de origen: el paisaje festivo guayatuno
Authors: Castiblanco Roldán Andrés
Published: April 2024

En el Valle de Tenza, del departamento de Boyacá, se encuentra el municipio de Guayatá; como muchos lugares del país, su tradición simbólica se fundó en la independencia con sus elementos constitutivos de identidad republicana y campesina. Con base en el acompañamiento al proceso de reconstrucción de sus memorias e historia (2020-2021), publicadas en el libro conmemorativo del bicentenario,1 se realizó una exploración de los lenguajes culturales y los signos de origen guayatunos. El presente análisis propone dar cuenta de cómo la lectura de los lenguajes territoriales- culturales del municipio y sus artefactos de tradición festiva y de identidad permiten reconocer los procesos de transformación simbólica, que pasan del movimiento patriótico conmemorativo hacia la década de 1950, con el nacimiento de las ferias y fiestas de San Isidro Labrador. A partir de estas se organizó la comercialización de ganado, entre otros productos de la economía local. Las lógicas de la globalización que terminan impactando hasta las regiones más apartadas en este lugar despiertan una serie de apropiaciones y recontextualizaciones de sus propias costumbres para situar la población en el marco de lo que podría denominarse el giro turístico. Como parte de estos cambios aparece el acontecimiento semiótico como vector de lectura de las transformaciones simbólicas y patrimoniales que han, incluso, influido en su acontecer político y social. Esta investigación pone de manifiesto la evolución semiótica de las prácticas culturales- festivas en función del establecimiento de un régimen de enunciación que se va instalando sobre las maneras de mostrar las prácticas culturales y sus objetos, en lo que podríamos denominar un sistema global de versión de mundo. En este, la intimidad de las regiones y sus costumbres se convierten en vitrina patrimonial/comercial de una sociedad guiada por el exotismo y la novedad.
Drogas, cuerpos y música: La dimensión estética de la rave
Authors: Dentico Michele
Published: April 2024

La investigación semiótica sobre las prácticas abre una serie de cuestiones teóricas especialmente espinosas. La relación entre el sujeto y el cuerpo, inmersa en una red intersubjetiva e interobjetiva, está implicada en la fructificación de lugares y eventos, la cual adquiere un papel central. Así pasa, por ejemplo, con respecto a la fructificación de la música electrónica, en los eventos-dispositivos llamados raves, cuyo análisis es el objeto de mi investigación doctoral. Las raves, que podemos definir vagamente como fiestas, se presentan como un desafío perfecto para diversas cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas. Si, de hecho, la música juega un papel central dentro de la práctica de fruición de estos eventos, es relevante la forma en que se desarrolla la interacción entre los actores involucrados. Si los géneros musicales “canónicos” y los eventos relacionados con ellos remiten a una experiencia o, al menos, remiten a otra cosa, las prácticas vinculadas a ciertos tipos de música tienen literalmente la peculiaridad de construirla (Reynolds, 1998), hasta el punto de que se hace necesarioun cambio de paradigma en su comprensión. De ahí que se cuestione notanto qué significa la música en estos contextos, sino cómo funciona. Las distorsiones y ampliaciones perceptivas del cuerpo de los participantes, producidas por el uso de drogas, hacen necesario asimilar estos efectos psicosomáticos a partir de la interfaz hombre/música (Stefani,1998). Esta debe articularse, además, con los conceptos sujeto/distorsiones/música, en los cuales las distorsiones se encuentran en medio de la interfaz para actuar casi como un “filtro”, en virtud de que “la experiencia sonora es en sí misma, como tal, sinestésica” (Stefani, 1998, p. 39). Este “circuito de sinestesias” (Marsciani, 2012, p. 143) —más allá de cualquier trivialización o moralización— adquiere relevancia semiótica porque, como explica Reynolds, esta particular interacción entre distorsiones y música “proporciona una experiencia profunda pero curiosamente ‘sin significado’. Eres tú quien debe darle sentido” (1998, p. 417). Por lo tanto, preguntarse cómo se produce este significado se presta perfectamente para una investigación etnosemiótica que desafíe sus fundamentos teóricos. A través de mi intervención, intentaré reconstruir un aparato formal que tenga en cuenta el paradigma estético y estésico específico que caracteriza a estos eventos, en los que suena un tipo de música particular, que podríamos definir a lo sumo como techno. En particular, a través de una peculiar rearticulación de la interfaz hombre/música, se definirán las condiciones de posibilidad de la experiencia colectiva de este tipo de música, a partir de un campo de análisis semiótico textual donde el cuerpo es un lugar privilegiado de reflexión.
La experiencia del cuerpo, creatividad y co-creación en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Rojas Casallas Catalina
Published: April 2024

La vida en tiempos de pandemia se vio afectada de manera significativa. Lo vivo continúa transformándose y el ser humano no es ajeno a ello. La creatividad y las diferentes formas corpóreas que se adoptaron, en especial las relacionadas con acceso a instituciones y espacios vinculados con el arte y la ciencia, corresponden a estrategias que bien podrían significar, según Fontanille (2008), “Que cada escena práctica debe acomodarse, en el espacio y en el tiempo, a las otras escenas y prácticas, concomitantes o no concomitantes” (p. 41). Por lo tanto, este capítulo presenta un análisis e interpretación de posibles formas de comunicar el conocimiento, desde el interior de una institución de arte y ciencia hacia el público que lo relaciona con su cotidianidad. Además, describe cómo la creatividad y los espacios de cocreación se consideran relevantes para darle sentido a las experiencias más allá de lo estético, que emergen en esta constante dinámica de cambio. Asimismo, muestra cómo el uso de técnicas, como la ilustración, el video, la performance y la fotografía, permite expandir aquellos cuerpos confinados y dar paso a las emociones que enmarcaron la vida misma en esta sociedad contemporánea; para ello, se abordan casos particulares de ciudades como Bogotá y Medellín (Colombia).
Cuerpos para ser y crear en el mundo: las comunidades de práctica en la construcción de la convivencia escolar
Authors: Lara Salcedo Luz Marina , Rodríguez Ávila Gloria Inés
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo deriva de la investigación “La construcción de la convivencia y la transformación del clima de aula en el programa capacidades y competencias para la vida de Fe y Alegría”.* Su propósito es hacer una revisión epistémica y semiótica de los significados de la convivencia escolar. Plantea el cuestionamiento a lo normativo, para asumirla como una experiencia colectiva, dialógica, y de creación en el escenario escolar.**
Concurrent validity of the assessment tool for a health promotion program in Primary Health Care via telephone: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Christofoletti Marina , Sandreski Paula Fabricio , Carvalho Humberto Moreira , Souza Cassiano Schuaste de , Alves Caroline  Schramm , Bezerra Juciléia Barbosa , Benedetti Tania Rosane Bertoldo
Published: April 2024

This study aims to verify the concurrent validity of the paper, and the telephone versions of the instrument used to evaluate the effectiveness of the Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde (VAMOS) Program participants. The VAMOS Program is a community-based intervention aiming at motivating people to adopt an active and healthy lifestyle. The sample for the validity test was two groups from different cities in Santa Catarina state. To compare each variable provided by paper and telephone format, multilevel generalized linear and logistic models were carried out, adjusted by age, sex, and school level. As a result, it was possible to identify the validity of most of the questions, with variations in the frequency of cooked vegetable consumption, method of preparing animal meat, frequency of physical activity, and waist circumference. We concluded that the use of the telephone survey could be considered for VAMOS Program evaluation.
Lymphoedema specialists embedded into community nurse and wound services: impacts and outcomes
Authors: Thomas Melanie , Morgan Karen , Humphreys Ioan
Published: April 2024

Background:

Lymphoedema is a progressive condition causing significant alterations to life, exerting pressures on unscheduled care from complications including cellulitis and wounds. An on the ground education programme (OGEP) was implemented to raise knowledge, competence and confidence in lymphoedema management in community clinical services. The aim of this study was to explore the impact and outcomes of the OGEP intervention.

Methods:

Data were captured before and after OGEP on 561 lymphoedema patients in the community setting. Data recorded included resource use, costs and outcomes (EQ-5D-5L and LYMPROM).

Results:

Data demonstrated statistically significant reductions in resource allocations including staff visits (P<0.001), cellulitis admissions (P<0.001), compression consumables and wound dressing costs (P<0.001). Overall, the total mean per patient cost decreased from £1457.10 to £964.40 (including intervention) with outcomes significantly improved in EQ-5D-5L/LYMPROM scores.

Conclusion:

The analysis suggests the OGEP intervention may offer reductions in resource costs and improvements in patient outcomes. OGEP may therefore provide an innovative solution in future care delivery.
A guide to removing surgical staples
Authors: Ford Claire , Hill Barry
Published: April 2024

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the wound healing process, emphasising the critical role of surgical staples in primary intention healing. It outlines the four distinct phases of wound healing including haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation – and discusses the mechanisms by which surgical staples enhance this natural biological process. Special focus is given to the aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT), which is crucial in preventing infections during the staple removal procedure. The article further explores the procedural steps involved in the removal of surgical staples and highlights the holistic aspects of patient care that need to be considered. This includes strategies for effective pain management, ensuring informed consent, and maintaining a sterile environment. By integrating clinical skills with a thorough understanding of wound care, this article aims to improve nursing practices in surgical settings, promoting better patient outcomes and recovery.
Critical reflections on formal teaching observations
Authors: O'Connor Shelley
Published: April 2024

Formal teaching observations not only have an essential role in the visibility of teaching and learning but also allow for constructive, critical feedback for improvement. In both nursing and teaching, there is an emphasis on the need for efficient, regular reflective practice; this not to identify negative aspects but to transform professional practice. This article provides a personal insight into formal teaching observations, and themes arising from them of motivation, the teacher's voice, the use of abbreviations and acronyms and the use of exemplars, using a critical reflective approach.
A palpable sense of frustration with NHS patient safety culture development
Authors: Tingle John
Published: April 2024

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses two recent reports on NHS patient safety
Do we know where we are heading?
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: April 2024

Sam Foster, Executive Director of Professional Practice, Nursing and Midwifery Council, considers the issue of long-term workforce planning, focusing on England
Changing the culture around hospital-based nutrition
Authors: Sessions Jo , Marsden Jo , Bringloe Louise , Gilsenan Irene
Published: April 2024

Following a serious incident and inquest after the death of a patient due to choking at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, the Trust put in place an action plan and implemented strategies to reduce the risk of recurrence. Four key actions were identified as essential to try to reduce the risk of a similar event: introduction of a standard operating procedure for mealtimes that included a pre-meal safety ‘pause’; use of an electronic communication icon to indicate modified diet/fluid requirements, from emergency department and onward as a patient is transferred; job-specific mealtime safety training; and use of bedside posters with specific dietary requirements (in line with the International Dysphagia Diet Standards Initiative Framework). A new role of Lead Educator for Nutrition was introduced to support the changes and provide training. Changes were also made to the incident reporting system to ensure easy identification of events relating to dysphagia, so that these could be monitored, themes identified and lessons shared. A series of audits following the changes have shown that more staff across disciplines and teams have accessed training on nutrition and hydration practices, wards have increased the use of the icon and posters, and successfully implemented pre-meal safety pauses. The Lead Educator for Nutrition has helped embed learning, and increased awareness and knowledge about nutrition and hydration.
Atlanto-occipital Assimilation with Basilar Invagination and Atlanto-occipital Dislocation Treated by Occipitocervical Fixation: A Rare Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil University, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Pisal Tushar , Gurnani Sagar ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil University, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Kuity Kaman ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil University, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Atlanto-occipital assimilation is the most common osseous anomaly of the cervical-occipital junction. The incidence rate of occipitalization has been reported 1.42.5/1000 children. Most of the patients are asymptomatic initially. Clinical features usually appear after 3rd decade depending on the level and degree of spinal cord compression with surrounding vital structures such as vertebral artery involvement. Hence, early definitive diagnosis and subsequent successful treatment are necessary in such cases to prevent life-threatening complications. Case Report: A 16-year-old male presented with neck pain and progressive weakness of the bilateral lower limb since the past 2 months suffering from difficulty in walking, giddiness, and numbness of his fingertips.Hoffman’s sign was positive. Plain cervical spine radiography (AP and lateral) is falsely suggestive of the absence of an atlas. MRI revealed the tip of the dens projecting 1314 mm above the Chamberlains line suggestive of basilar invagination. Occipito-cervical fixation was planned with an occipital plate, laminar, pedicle screw, and rods. Occipital plate fixed with screws (6,8 mm). C2 vertebra fixation with pedicle screw and laminar screws and C3 vertebra with a lateral mass screw under C-arm guidance.The patient mobilized with a walker from post-operative day 2 and then he ambulated unaided. Conclusion: Different types of atlanto-occipital assimilation have been reported. Treatment modality completely depends on neurological symptoms and instability.Although, different surgical options are available, occipito-cervical fixation with occipital plate, screws, and rod fixation is the most superior surgical technique for atlanto-occipital assimilation with atlanto-occipital instability. Keywords: Atlanto-occipital assimilation, basilar invagination, occipito-cervical fixation.
A Rare Complication: Severe Valgus Deformity After Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ege University School of Medicine, 35040, Izmir, Turkey., Kiliçli Bünyamin , Taşkiran Emin ,   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ege University School of Medicine, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.
Published: April 2024

Inroduction: In the treatment of medial gonarthrosis, the high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is recognized as an effective joint-sparing surgical procedure. Severe valgus deformity is not a common complication after HTO. There are no cases in the literature reporting valgus deformity of 10° or more after HTO. Case Report: An open-wedge HTO was performed on a 57-year-old female patient due to left knee pain and varus deformity. In this case, a progressive and severe valgus deformity occurred during follow-up. The severe valgus deformity was then corrected using an inverted V-shaped (hemi-closing, hemi-opening) HTO. Conclusion: Valgus deformity after HTO is not common. There are various factors that can lead to post-HTO valgus deformity; although no cases of valgus deformity exceeding 10° have been described. Intra-operative releasing of the superficial medial collateral ligament and associated lateral hinge fracture was a risk factor for overcorrection. This case aims to uncover the factors contributing to the development of severe valgus deformity subsequent to HTO and to present solutions for its management. Keywords: Case report, high tibial osteotomy, valgus deformity, biplanar osteotomy.
Tibial Eminence Fracture and Pediatric ACL Avulsion Diagnosis and Treatment: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, Ohio 43614,, Kosco Ethan D , Montalbano Andrea N ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, Ohio 43614., Scarano Kyle ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, Ohio 43614., Sohn David ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, Ohio 43614.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Tibial eminence fractures resulting from the avulsion of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion are a common knee injury in the pediatric population. This injury is traditionally corrected through internal fixation using a guide pin and a cannulated screw. Due to the reported consequences of cannulated screws impinging on the joint space, we explored an alternative procedure to address this injury without the use of cannulated screws. We believe this is the first report of an alternate and improved procedure for repairing a tibial eminence fracture caused by ACL avulsion using non-absorbable sutures to secure the bony fragment back onto the tibial eminence. Case Report: We report the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of a 15-year-old Caucasian male who suffered a tibial eminence fracture associated with an ACL avulsion following a tackle football injury. We utilized a new all-arthroscopic procedure that involved securing the bony fragment of the tibial eminence using sutures that were passed through the ACL and proximal tibial using interosseous bone tunnels. Conclusion: This novel procedure successfully eliminates the need for intra-articular screws in the adolescent knee while treating tibial avulsion fractures - as supported by the patient’s marked radiographical and symptomatic improvement at the 2, 6, and 12-week follow-up visits. Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament, tibial eminence, pediatrics.
From Human Rights to a Politics of Care
Authors: Gordon Neve , Rottenberg Catherine
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Responding to claims that human rights have for too long dominated the imaginative space of emancipation, in this paper we aim to center stage the politics of care. After demonstrating the inadequacy of the so-called "subject of human rights" which has been construed in binary terms as either independent or dependent, we highlight the contribution of feminist ethics of care scholars in underscoring interdependency as an essential component of the human condition. We then draw on the work of Audre Lorde and Judith Butler to offer a new conceptualization of interdependency, one unmoored from the liberal subject. By way of conclusion, we interweave this new understanding of interdependency with insights drawn from The Care Manifesto and abolitionist care scholars to offer an alternative political framework, one that offers a collaborative utopian counter-narrative for the 21st century.
Introduction: History Writing and Attacks on Healthcare
Authors: Crombé Xavier , Humbert Laure , Taithe Bertrand
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Since Médecins sans Frontières' denunciations of the 2015 bombings of hospitals by the United States and Russia in Afghanistan and Syria, respectively, subsequent polemics have taken scholarly and policy debates about Attacks on Healthcare (AoH) in new directions and called on history to better understand their origins and wider long-term impacts. Despite increased calls for more rigorous data collection and research on the social, behavioral, psychological and economic impacts of AoH, recent international meetings organized in the wake of the fifth anniversary of the UN Security Council Resolution 2286 revealed that little has changed for those who continue to be targeted or collateral victims in conflict. Furthermore, data collection in real time remains fragmentary, often under-resourced and unsatisfactory, due in part to inherent difficulties in compiling and cataloguing diverse types of acts of violence whose perpetrators are often unknown. These limitations challenge us to consider how and why the concept of AoH has grown as a mobilizing tool and analytical category among actors of the 'international community' to understand specific acts of violence. This introduction considers whether there was a 'paradigm shift' and a radical change in our understanding of violence affecting healthcare providers and provisions, in the mid 2000-2010s. Drawing on various strands of historiographies that often exist in isolation from each other, we interrogate humanitarian laws' benevolent self-image regarding the protection of healthcare workers, suggesting that across the 'long' twentieth century the Geneva and the Hague Conventions were regularly employed by states to dehumanize the enemy and legitimize their actions. The meanings of 'medical neutrality' and 'impartiality' were also often contested by healthcare actors on the ground. Crucially, we argue that while the quantification method of recent AoH discussions and their insistence on the global as a relevant site of policymaking emerged in the 1990s, the rhetoric of AoH is reminiscent of earlier campaigns and mobilizations.
International Cooperation in the Digital Preservation of the Cultural Heritage of the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes
Authors: Li Fengling , Xia Shengping
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The largest known Buddhist grotto complex in the world with the longest continuous construction period and the richest available content, the grottoes are also an important witness to the exchanges that occurred between ancient China and other Silk Road civilizations. This paper discusses problems caused by environmental changes and the challenges involved with the long-term preservation of digital resources in the digital protection of the cultural heritage of the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. It also discusses international cooperation in digital cultural heritage protection and the results achieved from this cooperation, which have made an important contribution to the field of digital protection of items of world cultural heritage.
Comparative analysis of C
n2 estimation methods for sonic anemometer data
Authors: Beason Melissa , Potvin Guy , Sprung Detlev , McCrae Jack , Gladysz Szymon
Published: April 2024

Wind speed and sonic temperature measured with ultrasonic anemometers are often utilized to estimate the refractive index structure parameter C
n
2, a vital parameter for optical propagation. In this work, we compare four methods to estimate C
n
2 from C
T
2, using the same temporal sonic temperature data streams for two separated sonic anemometers on a homogenous path. Values of C
n
2 obtained with these four methods using field trial data are compared to those from a commercial scintillometer and from the differential image motion method using a grid of light sources positioned at the end of a common path. In addition to the comparison between the methods, we also consider appropriate error bars for C
n
2 based on sonic temperature considering only the errors from having a finite number of turbulent samples. The Bayesian and power spectral methods were found to give adequate estimates for strong turbulence levels but consistently overestimated the C
n
2 for weak turbulence. The nearest neighbors and structure function methods performed well under all turbulence strengths tested.
Estimation of non-uniform motion blur using a patch-based regression convolutional neural network
Authors: Varela Luis G. , Boucheron Laura E. , Sandoval Steven , Voelz David , Siddik Abu Bucker
Published: April 2024

The non-uniform blur of atmospheric turbulence can be modeled as a
superposition of linear motion blur kernels at a patch level. We
propose a regression convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict
angle and length of a linear motion blur kernel for varying sized
patches. We analyze the robustness of the network for different patch
sizes and the performance of the network in regions where the
characteristics of the blur are transitioning. Alternating patch sizes
per epoch in training, we find coefficient of determination scores
across a range of patch sizes of R2>0.78 for length and R2>0.94 for angle prediction. We find that
blur predictions in regions overlapping two blur characteristics
transition between the two characteristics as overlap changes. These
results validate the use of such a network for prediction of
non-uniform blur characteristics at a patch level.
Holographic multiplexing in a photopolymerisable hybrid sol-gel
Authors: Stoeva Pamela , Mikulchyk Tatsiana , Naydenova Izabela , Murphy Kevin
Published: April 2024

Holographic multiplexing techniques enhance functionality and information storage by leveraging the inherent selectivity of holograms. This is crucial for advancing holographic sensors, which excel in simultaneously detecting multiple parameters from a single input signal. This study explores the potential of the recent photopolymerisable hybrid sol-gel (PHSG) material for application in Space sensing systems through the investigation of its holographic angular multiplexing capabilities. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we report the successful recording of up to five angularly multiplexed gratings with diffraction efficiencies (DE) ≥ 15% in 187 ± 18 µm PHSG layers. A 3 mW/cm2 laser beam was used to record gratings (0–20° angular separation) with a spatial frequency of 800 ± 20 lines/mm utilising different exposure times. The study revealed that each successive multiplexing in the single-layer region resulted in a decrease in the material's recording sensitivity. Holographic recording sensitivity and DE growth during the grating formation period depend on the number of gratings multiplexed in the layer. The seven-month-old, multiplexed gratings demonstrate consistent DE, stable angular selectivity and diffraction angle. This study positions the PHSG material as a promising candidate for developing reliable multiplexed devices.
Impact of climate and land use/land cover changes on malaria incidence in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Araujo Navas Andrea L. , Janko Mark M. , Benítez Fátima L. , Narvaez Manuel , Vasco Luis E. , Kansara Prakrut , Zaitchik Benjamin , Pan William K. , Mena Carlos F.
Published: April 2024

Malaria transmission is influenced by climate and land use/land cover change (LULC). This study examines the impact of climate and LULC on malaria risk in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Weekly malaria surveillance data between 2008 and 2019 from Ecuador’s Ministry of Public Health were combined with hydrometeorological and LULC data. Cross-correlation analyses identified time lags. Bayesian spatiotemporal models estimated annual LULC rates of change (ARC) by census area and assessed the effects on Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum incidence. ARC for the five land cover classes (forest, agriculture, urban, shrub vegetation, water) ranged from -1 to 4% with agriculture increasing across areas. Forest and shrub vegetation ARC were significantly associated with both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. Temperature and terrestrial water content showed consistent negative relationships with both species. Precipitation had varying effects on Plasmodium vivax (null) and Plasmodium falciparum (increase) incidence. Shrubs and forest expansion, increased temperature, and terrestrial water content reduced malaria incidence, while increased precipitation had varying effects. Relationships between malaria, LULC, and climate are complex, influencing risk profiles. These findings aid decision-making and guide further research in the region.
Protocol for a magnetic resonance imaging study of participants in the fever RCT: Does fever control prevent brain injury in malaria?
Authors: Chilombe Moses B. , Seydel Karl B. , Hammond Colleen A. , Mwanza Suzanna , Patel Archana A. , Lungu Frank , wa Somwe Somwe , Kampondeni Sam , Potchen Michael J. , McDermott Michael P. , Birbeck Gretchen L.
Published: April 2024

Background

Despite eradication efforts, ~135,000 African children sustained brain injuries as a result of central nervous system (CNS) malaria in 2021. Newer antimalarial medications rapidly clear peripheral parasitemia and improve survival, but mortality remains high with no associated decline in post-malaria neurologic injury. A randomized controlled trial of aggressive antipyretic therapy with acetaminophen and ibuprofen (Fever RCT) for malarial fevers being conducted in Malawi and Zambia began enrollment in 2019. We propose to use neuroimaging in the context of the RCT to further evaluate neuroprotective effects of aggressive antipyretic therapy.

Methods

This observational magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ancillary study will obtain neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in children previously enrolled in the Fever RCT at 1- and 12-months post discharge. Analysis will compare the odds of any brain injury between the aggressive antipyretic therapy and usual care groups based upon MRI structural abnormalities. For children unable to undergo imaging without deep sedation, neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes will be used to identify brain injury.

Discussion

Neuroimaging is a well-established, valid proxy for neurological outcomes after brain injury in pediatric CNS malaria. This MRI ancillary study will add value to the Fever RCT by determining if treatment with aggressive antipyretic therapy is neuroprotective in CNS malaria. It may also help elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) of neuroprotection and expand upon FEVER RCT safety assessments.
Evaluation of the Universal Salt Iodization (USI) surveillance system in Tanzania, 2022
Authors: Mahwera David , Killel Erick , Jonas Ninael , Hancy Adam , Zangira Anna , Lekey Aika , Msaki Rose , Katana Doris , Kishimba Rogath , Charwe Debora , Abdallah Fatma , Chiduo Geofrey , Masumo Ray , Leyna Germana , Mchau Geofrey
Published: April 2024

Background

The evaluation of surveillance systems has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to identify the performance and areas for improvement. Universal salt iodization (USI) as one of the surveillance systems in Tanzania needs periodic evaluation for its optimal function. This study aimed at evaluating the universal salt iodization (USI) surveillance system in Tanzania from January to December 2021 to find out if the system meets its intended objectives by evaluating its attributes as this was the first evaluation of the USI surveillance system since its establishment in 2010. The USI surveillance system is key for monitoring the performance towards the attainment of universal salt iodization (90%).

Methodology

This evaluation was guided by the Center for Disease Control Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems, (MMWR) to evaluate USI 2021 data. The study was conducted in Kigoma region in March 2022. Both Purposive and Convenient sampling was used to select the region, district, and ward for the study. The study involved reviewing documents used in the USI system and interviewing the key informants in the USI program. Data analysis was done by Microsoft Excel and presented in tables and graphs.

Results

A total of 1715 salt samples were collected in the year 2021 with 279 (16%) of non-iodized salt identified. The majority of the system attributes 66.7% had a good performance with a score of three, 22.2% had a moderate performance with a score of two and one attribute with poor performance with a score of one. Data quality, completeness and sensitivity were 100%, acceptability 91.6%, simplicity 83% were able to collect data on a single sample in < 2 minutes, the system stability in terms of performance was >75% and the usefulness of the system had poor performance.

Conclusion

Although the system attributes were found to be working overall well, for proper surveillance of the USI system, the core attributes need to be strengthened. Key variables that measure the system performance must be included from the primary data source and well-integrated with the Local Government (district and regions) to Ministry of Health information systems.
Deep Aramaic: Towards a synthetic data paradigm enabling machine learning in epigraphy
Authors: Aioanei Andrei C. , Hunziker-Rodewald Regine R. , Klein Konstantin M. , Michels Dominik L.
Published: April 2024

Epigraphy is witnessing a growing integration of artificial intelligence, notably through its subfield of machine learning (ML), especially in tasks like extracting insights from ancient inscriptions. However, scarce labeled data for training ML algorithms severely limits current techniques, especially for ancient scripts like Old Aramaic. Our research pioneers an innovative methodology for generating synthetic training data tailored to Old Aramaic letters. Our pipeline synthesizes photo-realistic Aramaic letter datasets, incorporating textural features, lighting, damage, and augmentations to mimic real-world inscription diversity. Despite minimal real examples, we engineer a dataset of 250 000 training and 25 000 validation images covering the 22 letter classes in the Aramaic alphabet. This comprehensive corpus provides a robust volume of data for training a residual neural network (ResNet) to classify highly degraded Aramaic letters. The ResNet model demonstrates 95% accuracy in classifying real images from the 8th century BCE Hadad statue inscription. Additional experiments validate performance on varying materials and styles, proving effective generalization. Our results validate the model’s capabilities in handling diverse real-world scenarios, proving the viability of our synthetic data approach and avoiding the dependence on scarce training data that has constrained epigraphic analysis. Our innovative framework elevates interpretation accuracy on damaged inscriptions, thus enhancing knowledge extraction from these historical resources.
Untargeted metabolomics reveals that declined PE and PC in obesity may be associated with prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Fan Guorui , Guan Xiaohai , Guan Bo , Zhu Hongfei , Pei Yongchao , Jiang Chonghao , Xiao Yonggui , Li Zhiguo , Cao Fenghong
Published: April 2024

Background

Recent studies have shown that obesity may contribute to the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the mechanism of this pathogenesis is not fully understood.

Methods

A prospective case–control study was conducted with 30 obese and 30 nonobese patients with BPH. Prostate tissues were collected and analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography ion mobility coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS-Q-TOF).

Results

A total of 17 differential metabolites (3 upregulated and 14 downregulated) were identified between the obese and nonobese patients with BPH. Topological pathway analysis indicated that glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism was the most important metabolic pathway involved in BPH pathogenesis. Seven metabolites were enriched in the GP metabolic pathway. lysoPC (P16:0/0:0), PE (20:0/20:0), PE (24:1(15Z)/18:0), PC (24:1(15Z)/14:0), PC (15:0/24:0), PE (24:0/18:0), and PC (16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) were all significantly downregulated in the obesity group, and the area under the curve (AUC) of LysoPC (P-16:0/0/0:0) was 0.9922. The inclusion of the seven differential metabolites in a joint prediction model had an AUC of 0.9956. Thus, both LysoPC (P-16:0/0/0:0) alone and the joint prediction model demonstrated good predictive ability for obesity-induced BPH mechanisms.

Conclusions

In conclusion, obese patients with BPH had a unique metabolic profile, and alterations in PE and PC in these patients be associated with the development and progression of BPH.
Relationship between phthalates exposures and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in United States adults
Authors: Sun Junhao , Yang Siqi , Zhang Yue , Xiang Wenzhi , Jiang Xiubo
Published: April 2024

As a new definition for the evidence of hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunctions, the relationship between phthalates (PAEs) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains virtually unexplored. This study included 3,137 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2007–2018. The diagnosis of MAFLD depended on the US Fatty Liver Index (US FLI) and evidence of metabolic dysregulation. Eleven metabolites of PAEs were included in the study. Poisson regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to assess the associations between phthalate metabolites and MAFLD. After adjusting for potential confounders, Poisson regression analysis showed that mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate were generally significant positively associated with MAFLD (P<0.05). Furthermore, the WQS index constructed for the eleven phthalates was significantly related to MAFLD (OR:1.43; 95%CI: 1.20, 1.70), MEHHP (33.30%), MEP (20.84%), MECPP (15.43%), and mono-isobutyl phthalate (11.78%) contributing the most. This study suggests that exposure to phthalates, individually or in combination, may be associated with an increased risk of MAFLD.
The effects of dance interventions on physical function and quality of life among middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Lu Jingting , Abd Rahman Nur Athirah , Wyon Matthew , Shaharudin Shazlin
Published: April 2024

Background

Fundamental physical functions such as postural control and balance are vital in preserving everyday life, affecting an individual’s quality of life. Dance is a physical activity that offers health advantages across various life stages. Nevertheless, the effects of dance interventions on physical function, postural control, and quality of life among older adults have remained underexplored. The review aimed to examine the strength of evidence for dance interventions on physical function and quality of life among middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Medline), focusing on studies involving more than four weeks of dance interventions. MeSH terms [dance or dance intervention or dance rehabilitation or dance movement] and [motor function or functional capacity or postural control or functional mobility or mobility or postural balance or balance or flexibility or gait] and [well-being or quality of life or life satisfaction] were utilized in the search. This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023422857). Included studies were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias.

Results

The search revealed 885 studies, and 16 met the inclusion criteria. The effects of various dance genres on physical functions and quality of life were compared. Most studies showed that dance intervention improved physical function, balance, postural control and quality of life. Dance intervention showed a high level of adherence compared to physiotherapy, self-care, conventional therapy, and aerobic and resistance exercise.

Conclusion

In terms of improving physical function and quality of life, structured dance is a safe and relatively effective alternative to exercise. Note the effect of movement selection and intensity in the dance interventions. Dance with music may increase participants’ interest, encouraging more physical activity among middle-aged and older adults.
Multiparameter immunoprofiling for the diagnosis and differentiation of progressive versus nonprogressive nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease–A pilot study
Authors: Marty Paige K. , Pathakumari Balaji , Cox Thomas M. , Van Keulen Virginia P. , Erskine Courtney L. , Shah Maleeha , Vadiyala Mounika , Arias-Sanchez Pedro , Karnakoti Snigdha , Pennington Kelly M. , Theel Elitza S. , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S. , Peikert Tobias , Escalante Patricio
Published: April 2024

Clinical prediction of nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease (NTM-LD) progression remains challenging. We aimed to evaluate antigen-specific immunoprofiling utilizing flow cytometry (FC) of activation-induced markers (AIM) and IFN-γ enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot assay (ELISpot) accurately identifies patients with NTM-LD, and differentiate those with progressive from nonprogressive NTM-LD. A Prospective, single-center, and laboratory technician-blinded pilot study was conducted to evaluate the FC and ELISpot based immunoprofiling in patients with NTM-LD (n = 18) and controls (n = 22). Among 18 NTM-LD patients, 10 NTM-LD patients were classified into nonprogressive, and 8 as progressive NTM-LD based on clinical and radiological features. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from patients with NTM-LD and control subjects with negative QuantiFERON results. After stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD), mycobacteria-specific peptide pools (MTB300, RD1-peptides), and control antigens, we performed IFN-γ ELISpot and FC AIM assays to access their diagnostic accuracies by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis across study groups. Patients with NTM-LD had significantly higher percentage of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells co-expressing CD25+CD134+ in response to PPD stimulation, differentiating between NTM-LD and controls. Among patients with NTM-LD, there was a significant difference in CD25+CD134+ co-expression in MTB300-stimulated CD8+ T-cells (p <0.05; AUC-ROC = 0.831; Sensitivity = 75% [95% CI: 34.9–96.8]; Specificity = 90% [95% CI: 55.5–99.7]) between progressors and nonprogressors. Significant differences in the ratios of antigen-specific IFN-γ ELISpot responses were also seen for RD1-nil/PPD-nil and RD1-nil/anti-CD3-nil between patients with nonprogressive vs. progressive NTM-LD. Our results suggest that multiparameter immunoprofiling can accurately identify patients with NTM-LD and may identify patients at risk of disease progression. A larger longitudinal study is needed to further evaluate this novel immunoprofiling approach.
Effects of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in assays of acute pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behaviors in mice
Authors: Hillhouse Todd M. , Partridge Kaitlyn J. , Garrett Patrick I. , Honeycutt Sarah C. , Porter Joseph H.
Published: April 2024

Ketamine has been shown to produce analgesia in various acute and chronic pain states; however, abuse liability concerns have limited its utility. The ketamine metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) has been shown to produce antidepressant-like effects similar to ketamine without abuse liability concerns. (2R,6R)-HNK produces sustained analgesia in models of chronic pain, but has yet to be evaluated in models of acute pain. The present study evaluated the efficacy of acute (2R,6R)-HNK administration (one injection) in assays of pain-stimulated (52- and 56-degree hot plate test and acetic acid writhing) and pain-depressed behavior (locomotor activity and rearing) in male and female C57BL/6 mice. In assays of pain-stimulated behaviors, (2R,6R)-HNK (1–32 mg/kg) failed to produce antinociception in the 52- and 56-degree hot plate and acetic acid writhing assays. In assays of pain-depressed behaviors, 0.56% acetic acid produced a robust depression of locomotor activity and rearing that was not blocked by pretreatment of (2R,6R)-HNK (3.2–32 mg/kg). The positive controls morphine (hot plate test) and ketoprofen (acetic acid writhing, locomotor activity, and rearing) blocked pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behaviors. Finally, the effects of intermittent (2R,6R)-HNK administration were evaluated in 52-degree hot plate and pain-depressed locomotor activity and rearing. Intermittent administration of (2R,6R)-HNK also did not produce antinociceptive effects in the hot plate or pain-depressed locomotor activity assays. These results suggest that (2R,6R)-HNK is unlikely to have efficacy in treating acute pain; however, the efficacy of (2R,6R)-HNK in chronic pain states should continue to be evaluated.
Self-administration medication errors at home and its predictors among illiterate and low-literate community-dwelling older adults with polypharmacy: A negative binomial hierarchical regression
Authors: Ghassab-Abdollahi Nafiseh , Nadrian Haidar , Shaseb Elnaz , Kheirollahi Narges , Hashemiparast Mina
Published: April 2024

Background

Older adults with polypharmacy are more prone to medication errors. People with low educational attainment have more difficulties in taking their medications.

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the extent of medication self-administration errors (MSEs) and the contributing factors among illiterate and low-literate community-dwelling older adults with polypharmacy.

Method

The present cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged 60 and above. The data were collected using the sociodemographic, clinical, and Belief about Medicines Questionnaires (BMQ). To determine the extent of MSE, a medication error checklist was used. The negative binomial hierarchical regression model in the five blocks was performed.

Results

The final sample size was 276 people. The frequency of MSEs in the last 6 months was 69.2%. Sixteen percent of participants had made four or more mistakes. The most common MSEs were forgetting, improper taking of medications with food, improper timing, incorrect dosage (lower dose), and forgetting the doctor’s instructions. Near 18% of participants reported adverse events following their mistakes. The significant predictors of MSEs were being completely illiterate (p = 0.021), the higher number of doctor visits per year (p = 0.014), irregularly seeing doctors (p < .001), the higher number of medications (p < .001), and having poor medication beliefs (p < .001).

Conclusion

Despite the high prevalence of MSEs among older patients, practical strategies to deal with them at their homes have not been established among health systems. MSE as a multifactorial event can be caused by a collection of internal and external factors. Further studies to identify the role of patients, clinicians, procedures, and systems in developing MSEs as interconnected components are needed.