bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Right to the Remainder: Gleaning in the Fuel Economies of East Africa’s Northern Corridor
Authors: Bize Amiel
Published: August 2020

This article argues for the importance of the remainder as a key concept in economic transactions at the edges of liberalized market economies. It tracks the East African roadside trade in siphoned fuel, where lorry drivers sell “leftover” fuel to dealers who then resell it to rural hinterlands. Rather than seeing this exchange as illicit, drivers and dealers viewed themselves as legitimately trading residual bits of a commodity. They constructed their right to sell fuel, and their understanding of profit, around the idea of the remainder, rather than around concepts of income, price, or even usefulness. Here, I analyze the remainder as a widely recognized concept of valuation. Drawing on accounts of the practice of gleaning (an ancient ethic of redistribution organized around harvest leftovers) and examining in detail the calculative practices and metaphors used both by drivers and fuel dealers, I demonstrate the centrality of the remainder to popular economies in East Africa today. Roadside exchanges, I argue, reveal established practices of distribution and entitlement that both practically and conceptually challenge liberal common sense around smooth flow, equal exchange, and price-based markets.

Muhtasari

Nakala hii inaangazia salio au baki kama moja ya dhana msingi katika uchumi za pembeni mwa soko huria. Hususan inaangazia soko la mafuta ya kufyonzwa. Uchumi huu unatekelezwa kando ya barabara kuu za Afrika ya Mashariki. Unahusisha madereva wa lori za masafa marefu kuuza mafuta ‚yaliyobakia‘ kwa wafanyabiashara ambao nao huyachuuza mapembezoni. Madereva na wafanyabiashara hawa hukana uharamu wa kazi hii na kuitambua kama biashara halali ya mabaki. Wahusika hawa hueleza haki yao ya kuuza mafuta haya kwa kupitia dhana ya salio. Hawatumii dhana maarufu kama mapato, bei au hata manufaa. Hapa, ninachambua salio kama mbinu mbadala ya kufumbua swala la thamani. Ninaandika nikifuatilia masimulizi ya kitendo cha kubuga (utaratibu wa kale wa usambazaji mali uliohimiza matajiri kubakisha masazo baada ya mavuno kwa manufaa ya wasiojiweza). Ninanuia kukagua kwa undani istiari za kibiashara pamoja na taratibu za kukokotoa zinazotumiwa na wanaoendeleza biashara hii. Kwa njia hii, ninakusudia kufafanua umuhimu wa salio katika shughuli za uchumi usio rasmi. Napendekeza kuwa biashara ya kando ya barabara hubainisha desturi mbadala za usambazaji wa mali pamoja na mbinu bunifu za kuwasilisha madai ya kimali. Kama dhana na pia kwa matumizi ya kila siku, desturi hizi zinakaidi matarajio ya itikadi ya soko huria, kwa mfano mtiririko huru wa utajiri, mabadilishano sawia, na masoko yanayozingatia bei kwa utambuzi wa thamani.
Analysis of outdoor and indoor performance and recovery values after anaerobic performance
Authors: Atan Tülin , Ünver Şaban , İslamoğlu İzzet , Çavuşoğlu Gül
Published: August 2020

Research Problem/Aim: The objective of this study is to examine the anaerobic performance and recovery values after anaerobic performance in terms of outdoor or indoor performance.

Method: For this purpose, 30 male students studying at Faculty of Sports Sciences with an average age of 21.13±1.82 participated in the study voluntarily. Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) was applied to the subjects twice with three days in-between as anaerobic exercise. Randomly chosen 15 subjects ran outdoors and the remaining 15 subjects ran indoors and their performance and recoveries were examined. Three days later, the subjects who ran outdoors three days ago ran indoors and those who ran indoors ran outdoors.

Findings: Anaerobic exercise performance was compared between indoor and outdoor area. Minimum power and average power values were found to be greater indoors than outdoors (p<0.05 ve p<0.01), Peak power, fatigue index (W/sec) and fatigue index (%) values were not found to differ between indoor and outdoor areas (p>0.05). Before the anaerobic run, the athletes’ resting lactic acid (LA) and heart rate (HR) values were taken, and then RAST test was applied. The subjects’ recoveries were monitored for 10 minutes after the test. HR measurements were recorded at every minute of the recovery. On the 1st, 5th and 10th minutes of recovery, the subjects’ blood LA levels were measured. No statistically significant difference was found between outdoor and indoor resting, 1st minute, 5th minute and 10th minute LA levels according to the results of statistical analyses (p>0.05). Resting and recovery HR values were also found not to differ between outdoor and indoor performance (p>0.05).

Conclusions: It was concluded that outdoor and indoor performance did not influence recovery up to 10 minutes after anaerobic exercise. As a conclusion, some anaerobic exercise performance was better indoors than outdoors. Recovery after an anaerobic exercise was not found to differ between indoors and outdoors.
The role of the age-friendly cities movement in the framework of active aging policies against the socioeconomic risks of demographic aging
Authors: Aydın Aykut , Es Muharrem
Published: August 2020

Aging, a common problem in almost all countries, both developed and developing, is expressed in terms of a decrease in global birth and death rates or, from a different perspective, an increase in mean life expectancy. Demographic aging, which may be regarded as both a threat and an opportunity, affects a very broad sphere, including basic health, the economy, social security, the saving-consumption balance, living arrangements, urbanization, and the family structure, and therefore brings different disciplines together. Looked at in greater detail, it is a subject that requires reflection and planning since it affects such areas as change in a country’s population structure, economic growth, labor markets, labor supply and productivity, development policies, public borrowing, health and social security policies, education policies, and urbanization policies. The fact that demographic aging is a common problem of both developed and developing countries raises the question of active and healthy aging policies. These policies are thought to play an important role in measures created or potentially created by aging. Discovery of the importance of individual capital accumulation and wide social capital has prepared the dissemination of active-healthy aging policies out of the idea that investment in individuals’ health, education, and participation opportunities will benefit both the individual and the community. The emergence of the ‘Age-Friendly Cities’ movement initiated by the World Health Organization is one concrete outcome of these policies. The first section of this study will discuss the concept of demographic aging and its relationship with active-healthy aging. The economic and social effects of demographic aging will then be discussed. Another section of the study will discuss the concept of age-friendly cities, their relationship with active aging, and their role against the impacts of demographic aging.
Transkrypcja, kodowanie i analiza danych językowych w systemie CHILDES
Authors: Paprocka-Piotrowska Urszula
Published: August 2020

The Childes Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES), composed of Codes for Human Analysis of Transcripts (CHAT) and Computerized Language Analysis (CLAN), offers the possibility of transcription, grammatical coding and analysis of transcripts of language data, which can be used in psycholinguistics research. The CHILDES system enables us to code language data and provides easy and fast access to automatically-generated sets, such as, for example, statistical information concerning the frequency of words, the contexts in which they appear, syntactic properties, combination of keywords as well as type/token ratio. The paper briefly presents the CHILDES, with a particular emphasis on those of its functions which can be employed in research on language acquisition.
Dwie tradycje badawcze w językoznawstwie stosowanym dotyczącym języka drugiego
Authors: Niżegorodcew Anna
Published: August 2020

The present paper presents two theoretical and research traditions concerning second language acquisition and use: psycholinguistic and sociocultural ones. It provides a historical overview of the field of psycholinguistics and second language acquisition studies since the 1950s with its more recent critiquefrom the representatives of the sociocultural developments in second language theory. The quantitative and qualitative research approaches in contemporary L2 applied linguistics studies are illustrated with a recent study of the acculturation process of Polish immigrants in the United Kingdom done by an MA student.
Nauczanie gramatyki języka obcego – kierunki i metody badań
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: August 2020

Now that the value of grammar instruction has been corroborated in a number of studies, there is a need to determine the ways in which it should most beneficially be conducted. In order to do this, however, it is necessary to undertake empirical investigations which would address such issues as the choice of linguistic features to be taught, the effectiveness of specific techniques and procedures, the timing, duration and intensity of instruction, as well as its place in the overall curriculum. Since such research needs to be context-specific to provide a basis for practicable pedagogic proposals, the present paper outlines the main research directions and discusses key methodological issues in the area of form-focused instruction with a view to encouraging Polish applied linguists to pursue this line of inquiry.
Metodologia badań nad strategiami uczenia się
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: August 2020

The last thirty years have witnessed considerable advances in empirical investigations into language learning strategies, with researchers identifying and classifying strategic devices, providing insights into factors influencing their use, investigating the relationship between the application of strategies and proficiency, and appraising the contributions of strategies- based instruction. Such developments have been accompanied by attempts to refine the existing research tools and design more effective ways of accessing learner’s mental processes. These efforts have not been entirely successful, which is unfortunate since methodological problems limit the validity and reliability of research findings and preclude comparisons between studies, thus stymieing further development of the field. The article evaluates the most frequently used tools and procedures in research on language learning strategies and offers guidelines on how future studies of this kind should most beneficially be conducted.
Postrzeganie procesu uczenia się języka obcego w perspektywie uczniów dorosłych (badanie jakościowe nauczycieli-konsultantów)
Authors: Werbińska Dorota
Published: August 2020

The article aims at presenting a longitudinal two-year study on the per-ception of language learning from the perspective of five adult learners in their late 50s who are teacher consultants by profession and participants of an elementary course in English. The attention is focused on two as-pects: 1) what general expectations they have with regard to the course (ie. language skills, knowledge, teacher, etc.) at the beginning of their learning process, 2) what they achieve or fail to achieve after two years of attending the course. The conclusions may provide some implications for language teachers of mature learners as well as future directions for re-searchers of this topic.
Polityka językowa w zakresie nauczania pierwszego języka obcego w wielojęzycznym kraju na przykładzie Szwajcarii – inspirujące doświadczenie
Authors: Stępkowska Agnieszka
Published: August 2020

The article analyses the Swiss language policy, language planning and the partner – language model offered by the Swiss educational system. The Swiss language policy is most focused on extra-linguistic aims dealing with the changes in the social distribution of languages, and the promotion of multilingualism. Switzerland oscillates between two systems: the traditional language – partner model, and the choice of a language of wider communication (English). Much is indicative of the fact that now Swit-zerland is getting ready for multilingual future with English at hand.
KOMUNIKAT. Konferencja PTN, Bydgoszcz, 10-12 września 2012
Authors: Stańczyk Joanna
Published: August 2020

KOMUNIKAT. Konferencja PTN, Bydgoszcz, 10-12 września 2012
Profil dorosłego uczącego się języka polskiego jako obcego, czyli kto, gdzie, dlaczego i w jaki sposób uczy się języka polskiego w naszym kraju
Authors: Janowska Iwona
Published: August 2020

The changing status and conditions of teaching Polish language in the Eu-ropean context have led to a fundamental shift in the profile of Polish lan-guage learners, their needs, motivation and learning aims. What follows is the fact that the curricula creators, course organisers and the authors of teaching materials, course books and learning aids have faced new challeng-es, problems, and learner expectations. The following paper is an attempt to outline the profile of an adult learner studying Polish in Poland.
Autentyczny tekst pisany jako pomoc dydak-tyczna w nauczaniu dorosłych komunikowania się w języku specjalistycznym
Authors: Markowski Grzegorz
Published: August 2020

This paper is an attempt to present the role of authentic written texts in teaching communication in specialist language, based on the example of business language. The terms detailed here include communication, language as communication tool and specialist text. The methods of creating new terms, correlations between the sender of some content and its addressee, and the specialist knowledge held. The options of using specialist texts in business language classes were also presented. In this case such texts include information materials, interviews, certificates, contacts, agreements, statements, confirmations, invoices, orders, reports, other documents and commercial forms and commercial and official correspondence.
Dyskurs edukacyjny a rozwój interkulturowej kompetencji negocjacyjnej podczas lekcji języka obcego na przykładzie języka hiszpańskiego
Authors: Spychała Małgorzata
Published: August 2020

Nowadays young people need not only specific knowledge, but also a wide array of skills, including language skills, enabling them to better adjust to intercultural realities. One such skill is negotiation, coupled with the selection of an appropriate type of discourse. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the features, forms and styles of educational discourse that support the growth of intercultural negotiation competence in foreign language classes. Particular attention will be given to the structure of the content of discourse: intercultural communication and negotiation. The author seeks to answer the question whether students should aim at using multi-discursive competence in order to effectively talk to or nego­tiate with representatives of other cultures. The analysis of specialized discourse allows her to find out whether or not teaching business language in foreign language classes is a sine qua non condition for mastering intercultural negotiation competence. The paper also aims to determine in a precise manner the competences of a student as an intercultural negotiator and mediator. Therefore, it presents general principles and examples of communication (discourse) practices that may contribute to the development of intercultural negotiation and mediation competence under classroom conditions. The last section contains an overview of selected handbooks for learning Spanish from the perspective of developing intercultural negotiation competence, with a focus on the presence of elements that can be used for this purpose.
Plasmon-enhanced organic and perovskite solar cells with metal nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yun-Fei , Kou Zi-Long , Feng Jing , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: August 2020

Solution-processing thin-film solar techniques, such as organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PeSCs), hold great promise as cost-effective renewable energy sources with feasible large-scale manufacturing. However, these devices are suffering from the incomplete photon absorption and thereby cannot unlock the full potential of device efficiency despite their rapid development in recent decades. Incorporation of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) into the thin active layers has been considered as a breakthrough strategy to solve this inherent limit and represent an imperative milestone toward the highly efficient OSCs and PeSCs, arising from the significantly enhanced light absorption and electrical characteristics in fundamental. Herein, the recent advances in fabrication and incorporation strategies of plasmonic NPs are reviewed. The in-depth efficiency and stability enhancement mechanisms are investigated and highlighted. Meanwhile, potential strategies and perspectives for their further development of NP-based solution-processing OSCs and PeSCs are presented.
Active optics with silk
Authors: Guidetti Giulia , Wang Yu , Omenetto Fiorenzo G.
Published: August 2020

Optical devices have been traditionally fabricated using materials whose chemical and physical properties are finely tuned to perform a specific, single, and often static function, whereby devices’ variability is achieved by design changes. Due to the integration of optical systems in multifunctional platforms, there is an increasing need for intrinsic dynamic behavior, such as devices built with materials whose optical response can be programmed to change by leveraging the material’s variability. Here, regenerated silk fibroin is presented as an enabler of devices with active optical response due to the protein’s intrinsic properties. Silk’s abilities to controllably change conformation, reversibly swell and shrink, and degrade in a programmable way affect the form and the response of the optical structure in which it is molded. Representative silk-based devices whose behavior depends on the silk variability are presented and discussed with a particular focus on structures that display reconfigurable, reversibly tunable and physically transient optical responses. Finally, new research directions are envisioned for silk-based optical materials and devices.
In VitroTesting of Voltage Indicators: Archon1, ArcLightD, ASAP1, ASAP2s, ASAP3b, Bongwoori-Pos6, BeRST1, FlicR1, and Chi-VSFP-Butterfly
Authors: Milosevic Milena M. , Jang Jinyoung , McKimm Eric J. , Zhu Mei Hong , Antic Srdjan D.
Published: August 2020

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) could potentially be used for mapping neural circuits at the plane of synaptic potentials and plateau potentials—two blind spots of GCaMP-based imaging. In the last year alone, several laboratories reported significant breakthroughs in the quality of GEVIs and the efficacy of the voltage imaging equipment. One major obstacle of using well performing GEVIs in the pursuit of interesting biological data is the process of transferring GEVIs between laboratories, as their reported qualities (e.g., membrane targeting, brightness, sensitivity, optical signal quality) are often difficult to reproduce outside of the laboratory of the GEVI origin. We have tested eight available GEVIs (Archon1, ArcLightD, ASAP1, ASAP2s, ASAP3b, Bongwoori-Pos6, FlicR1, and chi-VSFP-Butterfly) and two voltage-sensitive dyes (BeRST1 and di-4-ANEPPS). We used the same microscope, lens, and optical detector, while the light sources were interchanged. GEVI voltage imaging was attempted in the following three preparations: (1) cultured neurons, (2) HEK293 cells, and (3) mouse brain slices. Systematic measurements were successful only in HEK293 cells and brain slices. Despite the significant differences in brightness and dynamic response (ON rate), all tested indicators produced reasonable optical signals in brain slices and solidin vitroquality properties, in the range initially reported by the creator laboratories. Side-by-side comparisons between GEVIs and organic dyes obtained in HEK293 cells and brain slices by a “third party” (current data) will be useful for determining the right voltage indicator for a given research application.
Not yet at the table: The absence of food culture and tradition in agroecology literature
Authors: Morgan Caitlin B. , Trubek Amy B.
Published: August 2020

This review of agroecology’s current work on culture and food traditions—a principle of the field and one of the FAO’s 10 Elements of Agroecology—reveals two things. First, although culture and tradition are frequently mentioned in passing, there is little published literature detailing how they intersect with agroecology. Second, mentions of tradition and culture in this corpus reveal scholarly assumptions that practicing agroecology or food sovereignty will naturally result in unspecified healthy, diversified, community-driven food choices. But consumption practices shape production practices at least as much as the reverse. Food cultures are complex, shifting, and geographically and historically informed, and must be considered within their rich contexts. Agroecology needs to critically engage with the kitchen and the table in order to achieve the holistic and multi-faceted agricultural transformations imagined by the FAO and others.
Americanness and the “Other” Americans
Authors: Greene Stacey , Gray Gabrielle , Carter Niambi Michele , Block Ray
Published: August 2020

American identity has become a racialized norm that is primarily applied to those racially identified as White. We examine what it means to be an American from the perspective of racial and ethnic minorities who may not be viewed as prototypical Americans. Because we know comparatively little about what American identity means for those who are not White, it is important to understand this attachment in order to understand how “other” Americans articulate their identity and how their political actions and attitudes are influenced by those sentiments. Using the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey, we examine attachment to American identity for racial and ethnic minorities (i.e., Blacks, Asians, and Latino/a people) to evaluate levels of political participation and sentiments toward discrimination. Using a novel measure of Americanness (measured here as the extent to which people feel “allegiance” to America and their sense of “belonging” as Americans) we describe the differences between how racial and ethnic groups view their American identity, and how that perception influences electoral and nonelectoral participation. We find not only that there are differences in how various groups attach to American identity, but also that the impact of this identity attachment on electoral and nonelectoral participation is moderated by race and ethnicity.
Market Liberalization and Performance of Oil Palm Smallholder Farmer’s Household
Authors: Irawan Andi
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to analyze the impact of market The data used in the study are cross-section primary data related to the household economy of oil palm smallholder farmers.  Data collection was carried out in three provinces of production center of oil palm in Indonesia i.e. Jambi, Sumatera Selatan, and Bengkulu. One district of oil palm production center is chosen for each province i.e. Muaro Jambi, Banyu Asin, and Bengkulu Utara, respectively.  Total samples in this research are 155 farm households by using simple random sampling method, consist of 52 samples for Bengkulu Utara, 57 samples for Sumatera Selatan and 46 samples for Jambi, respectively.  Primary data are collected from farmer household samples by survey method using questionnaires. The smallholder farmer’s oil palm household economic model in this study was formulated in a system of simultaneous equations. The results indicated that liberalization of the output market but still gave protection in the input market at least subsidized fertilizer will contribute positively not only to farming performance i.e. farm production and investment but also to farmer household welfare i.e. increased farming profit and consumption of basic need commodities and other goods which bought in the market.
Testing of the Phillips Curve in Indonesia
Authors: Anwar Mochamad Choirul , Setiawan Avi Budi
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine how the results of Phillips theory testing in 34 provinces in Indonesia based on the main sectors contributing to the GRDP. The analytical method used in this study is Product Moment correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the inflation rate variable and the unemployment rate variable. The data used in this study are data on open unemployment and inflation rates taken in 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2014-2018. The results of this study indicate there is no Phillips curve pattern in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The inflation rate variable and the unemployment rate variable in 34 provinces in Indonesia based on the main sectors contributing to the GRDP have a positive but very weak relationship with a correlation value of 0.1089. The problem of price volatility (inflation) contributes, although not significantly to the emergence of the unemployment problem. Government policies are needed to control inflation and reduce unemployment rates such as fuel subsidies, corporate tax reductions, export tax reductions, and control of raw material prices considering that the results of this study indicate that rising inflation will be followed by an increase in unemployment.
Value Chain Analysis on Handmade Batik Products
Authors: Sari Suzanna Ratih , Arifan Fahmi , Triyono Triyono , Niswah Ulfatun
Published: August 2020

Since the recognition of batik by UNESCO, the batik market has expanded throughout the world. This is marked by the increase in the value of batik exports to various countries. In the midst of increasingly fierce trade competition, industries are demanded to be capable and have high competitiveness. Although batik is considered as one of the strategic industries, in terms of development, batik still faces several problems both internally and externally. The purpose of this research is to discuss about the solution to develop batik in Cibelok Village, Pemalang Regency by analyzing the value chain so that it increases the selling value of written batik. This study used a value chain analysis approach, Competitiveness Diamond, and Critical Success Factor Value. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the profit generated per onefabric production is Rp74,700. Increasing profit margins can be done by considering the role of several activities in the batik business process. The activities to consider are operations, followed by marketing and sales, as well as inbound logistics. In addition, product quality and innovation in batik patterns are needed in an effort to increase sales.
How Government Spending on Public Sector Affect The Economic Growth?
Authors: Ambya Ambya
Published: August 2020

Fiscal decentralization is an effort to reform governance so that it has a more effective and efficient structure so that it can improve services to the community. Efforts to achieve these goals are largely determined by the availability of human resources, natural resources, and other economic potential. The formation of New Autonomous Regions (NAR) grew rapidly, but on the other hand local governments were unable to fund development activities independently but were dependent on balance funds. The objective to be achieved is to analyze the effect of regional government spending on education, health, and infrastructure, as well as other variables namely labor on the economic growth of new autonomous regions in Indonesia. The analysis model used is panel data regression. The results of the study prove that local government spending in real per capita education, real health (lag-1) per capita, and real per capita infrastructure, and the number of workers have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Economic growth that occurs in the district is not different from the city, so also in the base sector is mostly no different except the mining and quarrying sector.
Bitcoin and Blockchain to Indonesia’s Economic Resilience: A Business Intelligence Analysis
Authors: Samputra Palupi Lindiasari , Putra Septia Zul
Published: August 2020

Blockchain technology has been a phenomenal discovery since its use on Bitcoin, a crypto currency created by Satoshi Nakamoto. Featuring decentralization, it allows Bitcoin to escape the interference of third parties and governments. Departing from Keynesian Theory, this study used a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The econometric quantitative approach uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) modeling to predict the impact of Bitcoin investment on Indonesia's transaction of capital. A qualitative approach is used to analyze the LOFT effects of Bitcoin on Indonesia's economic resilience. Unlike previous studies, this study attempts to provide an explanation from the standpoint of national resilience, especially in the field of economic resilience. VECM analysis found that Bitcoin had a significant positive effect on Indonesia's transaction of capital in both the short and long terms Even though the magnitude of the influence of bitcoin is relatively small, it needs to watch out for macro performance through capital transactions. Qualitative data indicate that there is a change of Bitcoin function in Indonesia, from a payment method, into an instrument of investment. The finding explains that Bitcoin has the potential to weaken the resilience of the Indonesian economy through a reduction in the balance of payments, while Blockchain can be the main foundation of the financial industry revolution in Indonesia.
Sexual dimorphism in insulin resistance in a metabolic syndrome rat model
Authors: Velasco Myrian , Ortiz-Huidobro Rosa Isela , Larqué Carlos , Sánchez-Zamora Yuriko Itzel , Romo-Yáñez José , Hiriart Marcia
Published: August 2020

Objective:

We assessed the sex-specific differences in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in muscle and adipose tissue, in a MS rat model induced by a high sucrose diet.

Methods:

Male, female, and ovariectomized female Wistar rats were randomly distributed in control and high-sucrose diet (HSD) groups, supplemented for 24 weeks with 20% sucrose in the drinking water. At the end, we assessed parameters related to MS, analyzing the effects of the HSD on critical nodes of the insulin signaling pathway in muscle and adipose tissue.

Results:

At the end of the treatment, HSD groups of both sexes developed obesity, with a 15, 33 and 23% of body weight gain in male, female, and OVX groups respectively, compared with controls; mainly related to hypertrophy of peripancreatic and gonadal adipose tissue. They also developed hypertriglyceridemia, and liver steatosis, with the last being worse in the HSD females. Compared to the control groups, HSD rats had higher IL1B and TNFA levels and insulin resistance. HSD females were more intolerant to glucose than HSD males. Our observations suggest that insulin resistance mechanisms include an increase in phosphorylated AKT(S473) form in HSD male and female groups and a decrease in phosphorylated P70S6K1(T389) in the HSD male groups from peripancreatic adipose tissue. While in gonadal adipose tissue the phosphorylated form of AKT decreased in HSD females, but not in HSD males. Finally, HSD groups showed a reduction in p-AKT levels in gastrocnemius muscle.

Conclusion:

A high-sucrose diet induces MS and insulin resistance with sex-associated differences and in a tissue-specific manner.
Validation of a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel to improve the diagnosis of X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) and other genetic disorders of renal phosphate wasting
Authors: Thiele Susanne , Werner Ralf , Stubbe Annika , Hiort Olaf , Hoeppner Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

Background:

Hypophosphataemic rickets (HR) comprise a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of conditions, defined by renal-tubular phosphate wasting and consecutive loss of bone mineralisation. X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is the most common form, caused by inactivating dominant mutations in PHEX, a gene encompassing 22 exons located at Xp22.1. XLH is treatable by anti-Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 antibody, while for other forms of HR such as therapy may not be indicated. Therefore, a genetic differentiation of HR is recommended.

Objective:

To develop and validate a next-generation sequencing panel for HR with special focus on PHEX.

Design and methods:

We designed an AmpliSeq gene panel for the IonTorrent PGM next-generation platform for PHEX and ten other HR-related genes. For validation of PHEX sequencing 50 DNA-samples from XLH-patients, in whom 42 different mutations in PHEX and 1 structural variation have been proven before, were blinded, anonymised and investigated with the NGS panel. In addition, we analyzed one known homozygous DMP1 mutation and two samples of HR-patients, where no pathogenic PHEX mutation had been detected by conventional sequencing.

Results:

The panel detected all 42 pathogenic missense/nonsense/splice-site/indel PHEX-mutations and in one the known homozygous DMP1 mutation. In the remaining two patients, we revealed a somatic mosaicism of a PHEX mutation in one; as well as two variations in DMP1 and a very rare compound heterozygous variation in ENPP1 in the second patient.

Conclusions:

This developed NGS panel is a reliable tool with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of XLH and related forms of HR.
Social capital and core competencies, enablers developing electronic design technological capabilities in Guadalajara, Mexico
Authors: Guillemin Franco Gustavo M. , Pedroza Zapata Alvaro R.
Published: August 2020

The electronics industry in Guadalajara, Mexico, experienced significant growth dur­ing the 1990s. However, the development of electronic design technological capabilities in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (GMA) is reduced compared to the growth of the electronics sector. Furthermore, in local small and medium-sized businesses (SMBS) performing electronic design activi­ties the number of employees working in this type of work is low, compared to the size of the local electronics sector. This paper tries to understand how social capital and core competencies contrib­ute to developing electronic design capabilities in SMBS in this region. A multiple case study of seven local businesses that execute or provide electronic design services in the GMA was conducted. The findings include the role social capital plays in attracting talent, acquiring knowledge and creating a network of customers, along with its longevity; they also include the importance of identifying core capabilities that generate sustained technological advantage and the role played by Regional Innovation Systems (RIS).
Aplicación del enfoque experiencial a la innovación de marketing de destinos turísticos: Recomendaciones para su implementación en Ecuador
Authors: Hernández-Mogollón José Manuel , Pasaco-González Bárbara Sofía , Campón-Cerro Ana María
Published: August 2020

Las nuevas necesidades de los turistas apuntan  hacia la búsqueda de experiencias, por lo que los destinos turísticos  deben focalizar sus estrategias de marketing  en satisfacer estas nuevas exigencias de la demanda. Así, la innovación  es una forma en que los destinos pueden mejorar sus estrategias  de marketing  centrándose  en la oferta de experiencias, puesto que las estrategias de marketing  tradicionales, enfocadas en la venta de productos o servicios, han perdido  eficacia. De esta forma, el objetivo  de este estudio es analizar la aplicación  del enfoque del marketing expe- riencial a las innovaciones de marketing de un destino turístico, principalmente en el diseño del pro- ducto y la promoción. Con esta finalidad,  se realizó una revisión de la literatura  sobre innovación de marketing, con base en la cual se estableció una serie de pautas para introducir innovaciones en el diseño del producto  y en la promoción turística de un destino basadas en el enfoque del marketing experiencial. Por último,  a partir  de estas directrices, se propusieron recomendaciones para mejorar las estrategias de marketing de Ecuador como destino  turístico.  Los resultados  indican  que  los cambios  en el diseño del producto  basados en este enfoque  buscan crear experiencias únicas y memorables, mientras que las mejoras en los medios de promoción pretenden comunicar sensaciones y emociones que un turista puede experimentar durante  su visita.
Asociatividad empresarial y fuentes de capital social: hacia un modelo explicativo
Authors: Rodríguez de Pepe Maribel , Cervilla Ruano Maria Antonia
Published: August 2020

El trabajo  se centra en la noción de asociatividad  empresarial y su incidencia  en eldesarrollo de ventajas competitivas, analizada desde la perspectiva de la generación de capital social (CS). El objetivo es analizar la intención de participación  en redes interempresariales, sobre la base del estudio de las fuentes que crean el CS y de los propósitos y beneficios buSCados en la articulación, considerándose que el CS constituye un factor explicativo de fenómenos colaborativos. Aplicando  la técnica de regresión logística,  se evidencia que la variable dependiente (intención de asociatividad) se explica con una fuente de generación de CS (oportunidad)  y los propósitos de lograr economías de eSCala y de capturar externalidades a través de la articulación.  Se diSCuten prácticas de gestión empresarial dirigidas  a acumular rentas intangibles  (recursos) a través de relaciones interorganizativas,  para concluir que la dimensión estructural del CS (oportunidad) resulta impreSCindible para la intención de asociatividad, mientras que la motivación y la habilidad  serían fuentes deseables. Finalmente, se resalta la importancia de las redes empresariales como mecanismo para el aumento del CS, trasladando  el potencial que tiene este concepto al ámbito de la gestión empresarial como fuente de creación de valor y de ventajas competitivas.
Revisión empírica al modelo de desarrollo endógeno a partir de la innovación empresarial: el caso de Chile
Authors: Gatica Neira Francisco
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo identificar en qué medida las fuerzas del desarrollo en­dógeno actúan sinérgicamente en el territorio. Se comienza con una revisión conceptual haciendo énfasis en los aspectos metodológicos para su implementación analítica y en los factores que lo pueden acelerar o retardar. En una segunda parte, con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Innova­ción en Empresas, aplicada a 5.876 organizaciones, más los datos de Inversión Pública de Decisión Regional y el Índice de Calidad de Vida Urbana, se presentan dos modelos de regresión logística bi­naria para identificar los factores, enmarcados en las fuerzas del desarrollo endógeno, que explican la probabilidad de innovación futura y pasada al nivel de empresas. Las conclusiones principales refuerzan la importancia de la dimensión temporal al momento de identificar los impactos de cada factor y, paralelamente, remarcan lo relevante que resulta el nivel de eficiencia de los actores que participan en el desarrollo endógeno.
Fazla kilolu ve obez çocuklarda D Vitamini düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Atasoy Volkan , Altunbaş Elif Ateş , Set Turan
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada fazla kilolu ve obez çocuklarda D vitamini düzeylerini tespit etmek ve Beden Kitle İndeksi (BKİ) ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Trabzon Ortahisar Kalkınma Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’ne Aralık 2015-Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında başvuran 6-18 yaş arası çocuklardan kilo fazlalığı veya obezite teşhisi konularak Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği Kliniği’ne yönlendirilenlerin serum 25 hidroksi vitamin D [25 (OH) D] verilerine tıbbi kayıtlardan ulaşıldı. Hastalar Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün 5-19 yaş grubundaki çocuklar için belirlediği fazla kiloluluk ve obezite tanımına göre sınıflandırıldı. Serum 25- 25(OH)D düzeyi ≤20 ng/ml olanlar D vitamini eksik, 21-29 ng/ml olanlar D vitamini yetersiz, ≥30 ng/ml olanlar D vitamini yeterli kabul edildi. Mevsimlere göre 25(OH)D düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Katılımcılar 6-12 yaş ve 13-18 yaş olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. 25(OH) D düzeyleri her iki grupta karşılaştırıldı. Fazla kilolu ve obez çocuklarda D vitamini düzeyi ile BKİ ilişkisi araştırıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 77 hastanın (30 erkek, 47 kadın) yaş ortalaması 13,4±2,9 yıldı. Katılımcıların %13’ü fazla kilolu, %87’si obezdi. D vitamini yetersizliği %10,4 oranında, D vitamini eksikliği %89,6 oranında saptandı. Mevsimlere göre 25(OH) D değerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gösterdi (p=0,007). Yaş grupları arasında 25(OH)D düzeyi açısından fark bulunmadı (p=0,365). D vitamini düzeyi ile BKİ arasında ilişki saptanmadı.Sonuç: D vitamini eksikliği ve yetersizliği fazla kilolu ve obez çocuklarda oldukça yaygındır. Bu çocuklarda yeterli D vitamini seviyelerinin yakalanması amacıyla bir halk sağlığı programının başlatılması yararlı olacaktır.
Türkiye’de iller arası yerleştirmeye açılan birimlerin boş kalma durumları ve etkileyen faktörler
Authors: Karakoç Fatma Yeşim , Emek Mestan , Önde Mete
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Türkiye’de aile hekimlerine kayıtlı nüfusun azaltılması çalışmaları yürütülmekte, bu kapsamda yeni aile hekimliği birimleri açılmakta ve dolayısıyla birimler arası yer değiştirmeler de yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı aile hekimliği yerleştirilmesinde iller arası yerleştirmeye açılan birimlerin boş kalmasını etkileyen değişkenleri saptamaktır. Gereç-yöntem: Araştırma 2017 yılı son ve 2018 yıl boyu internet üzerinden Sağlık Bakanlığı iller arası aile hekimliği yerleştirmesine açılan verilerden yararlanılarak oluşturulan kesitsel bir çalışmadır. İncelenen yerleştirmede ilan edilen birim, bir sonraki iller arası yerleştirmede tekrar yerleştirmeye açılmış ise boş kalmış birim olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yerleştirmeye açılan birimler illerine göre Türkiye İstatistiksel Bölge Birimleri Sınıflaması 1 düzeyinde de sınıflandırılmıştır. Açılan pozisyonun boş kalmasıyla ilgili olasılıklar oranı (OR) %95 güven aralıklarıyla birlikte hesaplanmıştır. Değişkenlerin lojistik regresyon analizinde NUTS bölgeleri ile birlikte nüfusa göre düzeltme yapılarak düzeltilmiş olasılıklar oranı (OR adjusted) da hesaplanmıştır.Bulgular: Aile hekimliği iller arası yerleştirmeye açılan birimin kayıtlı nüfusunun, mobil nüfusunun, hizmet verecek odasının, grubunun ve birimde çalışan aile sağlığı çalışanının (ASÇ) olmamasının birimin daha fazla boş kalmasına neden olduğu saptanmıştır. Açılan birimin bulunduğu aile sağlığı merkezinde (ASM) beş ve üzerinde hekim (birim) olması, daha az birim sayısı olmasına göre yerleştirmeye açılan birimin dolma ihtimalini artırmaktadır. Yerleştirmeye açılan birimin özel ASM veya sanal ASM olması veya 1000 TL ve üzerinde kirasının olması ya da kirasının belirsiz olması da boş kalma oranını artırmıştır. Nüfusa ve istatistiksel bölgeye göre düzeltme yapılması sonrası birimin mobil nüfusu, hizmet verecek odası ve kira durumunun istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkisinin kalmadığı; ASÇ ve birimin grubunun yokluğu ile ASM’de beşten az birim olmasının hala istatistiksel anlamlı olarak boş kalmayı artırdığı görülmüştür.Sonuç: Aile hekimliği uygulaması kapsamında aile hekimliği birimine kayıtlı nüfusu azaltma çalışmaları hizmet kalitesi ve toplum sağlığı bakımından önemlilik arz etmekle birlikte planlamasında bazı aksaklıkların olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle aksayan yönlerinin daha kapsamlı çalışmalarla tespit edilerek yeni birimlerin tercih edilmesini artıracak yönde çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.
Evlilik öncesi danışmanlık ve rapor alma amacıyla aile hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran bireylerin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Öztürk Güzin Zeren , Yılmaz Zeynep , Egici Mehmet Taşkın , Bektemur Güven
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmamızda son iki yıl içerisinde evlilik öncesi rapor alma nedeniyle hastanemizin aile hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran bireylerin tıbbi tetkiklerinin değerlendirilerek güncel rapor uygulaması ve evlilik öncesi danışmanlık hizmetleriyle ilgili durumu ortaya koymak ve hukuki bağlamda eksikliklere dikkat çekmek amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Ocak 2016-Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniğine evlilik öncesi rapor almak amacıyla başvuran bireylerin test sonuçları geriye dönük dosya tarama yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. Analiz için SPSS 16 kullanılmış ve p≤0,05 anlamlı olarak kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Evlilik raporu almak için 1863 kişi başvurmuş olup, başvuran bireylerden 918 (%49,3)’i kadın, 945 (%50,7)’i erkekti. Başvuran bireylerden 74 kadının kan grubu Rh Negatif olarak saptandı. Hemoglobin elektroforezi 990 kişiden istendi; 22 (%2,2)’sinde talasemi taşıyıcılığı saptandı. HBsAg testi 1579 kişiden istendi ve 26 (%1,7) kişide pozitiflik saptandı. Öte yandan anti-HBs istenen 1526 kişiden; 657(%43,1) kişide anti-HBs pozitifliği mevcuttu. HCV testi 1570 kişiden istendi; pozitif saptanan 3 (%0,2) kişiydi. VDRL 1565 kişiden istendi; VDRL pozitifliği ise 6 (%0,4) kişide saptandı. Akciğer grafisi 1862 kişiden istendi ve sadece 11 (%0,6) ’inin akciğer grafilerinde geçirilmiş tüberküloz lehine düşünülen fibrotik değişiklikler görüldü.Sonuç: Evlilik öncesi danışmanlık sadece bireysel sağlıkta değil aynı zamanda sağlıklı nesillerin oluşmasında önemli basamaktır. Bu nedenle evlilik öncesi danışmanlığın önemini belirten gerekli toplumsal ve bireysel bilgilendirmelerin yapılması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.
Tıp eğitiminin ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik tutumlara etkisi
Authors: Duman Berker , Çolak Burçin , Özdemir Sueda Nur , Özkasap Necati Serhat , Sabahi İrem Sanem , Şahinoğlu Mehmet Bahadır , Taşçı Didar , Tatar Mustafa Mert , Ünalp Canan , Kar İrem , Kumbasar Hakan
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Geleceğin hekimleri olan tıp öğrencilerinin ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik tutumları, sağlık sunumuyla doğrudan ilişkili olduğundan söz konusu becerilerin kazandırılması tıp eğitiminin de önemli hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tıp eğitiminin öğrencilerin ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik tutumlarına olan etkisinin incelenmesi ve ilişkili faktörlerin saptanmasıdır.Yöntem: Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde eğitim gören 64 dönem 1 ve 64 dönem 6 öğrencisinde, Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği kullanılarak ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik tutumları karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca cinsiyet, yakınında ruhsal hastalığı olmak, biyopsikososyal modele yatkınlık gibi değişkenlerle Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır.Bulgular: Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği toplam skor ortalaması tüm örneklemde 43,62±13,55, dönem 1 öğrencilerinde 44,25±12,91, dönem 6 öğrencilerinde ise 42,98±14,24 olarak bulunmuştur. Gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır (U=1891,5, p=0,456). Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği toplam skorları yakınlarında ruhsal hastalığı olanlarda 41,64±13,52, diğerlerinde ise 44,39±13,56’dır ve gruplar arasında anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır (U=1435, p=0,241). Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği çaresizlik ve tehlikeli alt ölçek skorları açısından da gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (sırasıyla U=1641, p=0,937; U=1347, p=0,101). Sadece utanma alt ölçeğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (U=1305, p=0,049). Yakınında ruhsal hastalık olan dönem 1 ve dönem 6 öğrencileri karşılaştırıldığında, Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği toplam skor, çaresizlik ve tehlikeli alt ölçeklerinde anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır (sırasıyla, U=64,5, p=0,003; U=77, p=0,012; U=67,5, p=0,004).Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, tıp eğitiminin ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik tutumlarda olumlu yönde bir etkisi saptanamamıştır. Ancak yakınlarında ruhsal hastalığı olan dönem 6 öğrencilerinin hem toplam, hem de çaresizlik ve tehlike alt ölçeklerinde, dönem 1 öğrencilerine kıyasla anlamlı olarak daha olumlu tutum sergilemeleri çalışmamızın önemli bulgularından birisidir.