bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shape-matching soft mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Mirzaali M. J. , Janbaz S. , Strano M. , Vergani L. , Zadpoor A. A.
Published: January 2018

Architectured materials with rationally designed geometries could be used to create mechanical metamaterials with unprecedented or rare properties and functionalities. Here, we introduce “shape-matching” metamaterials where the geometry of cellular structures comprising auxetic and conventional unit cells is designed so as to achieve a pre-defined shape upon deformation. We used computational models to forward-map the space of planar shapes to the space of geometrical designs. The validity of the underlying computational models was first demonstrated by comparing their predictions with experimental observations on specimens fabricated with indirect additive manufacturing. The forward-maps were then used to devise the geometry of cellular structures that approximate the arbitrary shapes described by random Fourier’s series. Finally, we show that the presented metamaterials could match the contours of three real objects including a scapula model, a pumpkin, and a Delft Blue pottery piece. Shape-matching materials have potential applications in soft robotics and wearable (medical) devices.
Recurrent wheezing in neonatal pneumonia is associated with combined infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Zhong Qin , Feng Hui , Lu Qi , Liu Xu , Zhao Qi , Du Yue , Zhang Xian-Hong , Wang Jia-Rong
Published: January 2018

Both viral and bacterial infections can be associated with wheezing episodes in children; however, information regarding combined infections with both viral and bacterial pathogens in full term neonates is limited. We sought to investigate the effects of viral–bacterial codetection on pneumonia severity and recurrent wheezing. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on neonates admitted to our hospital with pneumonia from 2009 to 2015. Of 606 total cases, 341 were diagnosed with RSV only, and 265 were diagnosed with both RSV and a potential bacterial pathogen. The leading four species of bacteria codetected with RSV were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae. Neonates with RSV and a potential bacterial pathogen were significantly more likely to have worse symptoms, higher C-reactive protein values and more abnormal chest x-ray manifestations with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (P < 0.01). On Cox regression analysis, an increased risk of recurrent wheezing was found for neonates positive for RSV–Staphylococcus aureus and RSV–Klebsiella pneumoniae. Our findings indicate that the combination of bacteria and RSV in the neonatal airway is associated with more serious clinical characteristics. The presence of RSV and Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae may provide predictive markers for wheeze.
Predicted impact of thermal power generation emission control measures in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region on air pollution over Beijing, China
Authors: Wang Liqiang , Li Pengfei , Yu Shaocai , Mehmood Khalid , Li Zhen , Chang Shucheng , Liu Weiping , Rosenfeld Daniel , Flagan Richard C. , Seinfeld John H.
Published: January 2018

Widespread economic growth in China has led to increasing episodes of severe air pollution, especially in major urban areas. Thermal power plants represent a particularly important class of emissions. Here we present an evaluation of the predicted effectiveness of a series of recently proposed thermal power plant emission controls in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region on air quality over Beijing using the Community Multiscale Air Quality(CMAQ) atmospheric chemical transport model to predict CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 levels. A baseline simulation of the hypothetical removal of all thermal power plants in the BTH region is predicted to lead to 38%, 23%, 23%, 24%, and 24% reductions in current annual mean levels of CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 in Beijing, respectively. Similar percentage reductions are predicted in the major cities in the BTH region. Simulations of the air quality impact of six proposed thermal power plant emission reduction strategies over the BTH region provide an estimate of the potential improvement in air quality in the Beijing metropolitan area, as a function of the time of year.
The UV filtering potential of drop-casted layers of frustules of three diatom species
Authors: Su Yanyan , Lenau Torben A. , Gundersen Emil , Kirkensgaard Jacob J. K. , Maibohm Christian , Pinti Jérôme , Ellegaard Marianne
Published: January 2018

Diatoms are in focus as biological materials for a range of photonic applications. Many of these applications would require embedding a multitude of diatoms in a matrix (e.g. paint, crème or lacquer); however, most studies on the photonic and spectral properties of diatoms frustules (silica walls) have been carried out on single cells. In this study, for the first time, we test the spectral properties of layers of frustules of three diatom species (Coscinodiscus granii, Thalassiosira punctifera and Thalassiosira pseudonana), with special focus on transmission and reflectance in the UV range. The transmittance efficiency in the UV A and B range was: T. pseudonana (56–59%) >C. granii (53–54%) >T. punctifera (18–21%) for the rinsed frustules. To investigate the underlying cause of these differences, we performed X-ray scattering analysis, measurement of layer thickness and microscopic determination of frustule nanostructures. We further tested dried intact cells in the same experimental setup. Based on these data we discuss the relative importance of crystal structure properties, nanostructure and quantity of material on the spectral properties of diatom layers. Characterization of the UV protection performance of layers of diatom frustules is of central relevance for their potential use as innovative bio-based UV filters.
An oxidative cross-coupling reaction of 4-hydroxydithiocoumarin and amines/thiols using a combination of I2 and TBHP: access to lead molecules for biomedical applications
Authors: Mahato Karuna , Arora Neha , Ray Bagdi Prasanta , Gattu Radhakrishna , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar , Khan Abu T.
Published: January 2018

Environmentally benign mild reaction conditions for the construction of new S–N/S–C/S–S bonds under metal free conditions.
Ordered WO3−x nanorods: facile synthesis and their electrochemical properties for aluminum-ion batteries
Authors: Tu Jiguo , Lei Haiping , Yu Zhijing , Jiao Shuqiang
Published: January 2018

WO3−x nanorods are successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process combined with a subsequent thermal reduction process, exhibiting two discharge plateaus of about 1.4 V and 1.0 V as cathodes for aluminum-ion batteries.
The structure of a lanthanide complex at an extractant/water interface studied using heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation
Authors: Kusaka Ryoji , Watanabe Masayuki
Published: January 2018

Eu3+ at an extractant/water interface is bound to extractants from the upper side and to water molecules from the lower side, and forms a unique interfacial complex.
A negative feedback loop based on proton-driven in situ formation of plasmonic molybdenum oxide nanosheets
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhou Yan , Deng Yuequan , He Yi
Published: January 2018

A negative feedback loop is developed based on proton-driven in situ formation of plasmonic MoO3−x nanosheets.
Diacylhydrazone-assembled {Ln11} nanoclusters featuring a “double-boats conformation” topology: synthesis, structures and magnetism
Authors: Wang Kai , Chen Zi-Lu , Zou Hua-Hong , Zhang Shu-Hua , Li Yan , Zhang Xiu-Qing , Sun Wei-Yin , Liang Fu-Pei
Published: January 2018

A family of {Ln11} (Ln = Gd, Tb and Dy) nanoclusters were assembled with the diacylhydrazone ligand. They feature an unprecedented “double-boats conformation” topology, which had not been previously reported. {Gd11} and {Dy11} display MCE and SMM behavior, respectively.
Systematic charge distribution changes in Bi- and Pb-3d transition metal perovskites
Authors: Azuma Masaki , Sakai Yuki , Nishikubo Takumi , Mizumaki Masaichiro , Watanuki Tetsu , Mizokawa Takashi , Oka Kengo , Hojo Hajime , Naka Makoto
Published: January 2018

Charge distribution changes in Bi- and Pb-3d transition metal perovskite type oxides were examined. The change in the depth of the d level of the transition metal causes the intermetallic charge transfer.
The synthesis of LA-Fe3O4@PDA-PEG-DOX for photothermal therapy–chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Yuhua , Zhang Feng , Wang Qian , Lin Huiming , Tong Ruihan , An Na , Qu Fengyu
Published: January 2018

The improved cell uptake and the synergistic effect of chemo-/photothermal therapy ensure the enhanced specific cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells.
A Schiff base receptor as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for Ni2+ions in living cells and logic gate application
Authors: Vinoth Kumar Gujuluva Gangatharan , Kesavan Mookkandi Palsamy , Sankarganesh Murugesan , Sakthipandi Kathiresan , Rajesh Jegathalaprathaban , Sivaraman Gandhi
Published: January 2018

A new receptor (R) with easily available “off–on–off” colorimetric and fluorescent responses was synthesized and characterized using1H NMR,13C NMR, and ESI-MS studies.
Synthesis of novel AIEE active pyridopyrazines and their applications as chromogenic and fluorogenic probes for Hg2+ detection in aqueous media
Authors: Gupta Shalu , Milton Marilyn D.
Published: January 2018

A series of AIEE active novel pyridopyrazine derivatives showing selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+ in aqueous media is reported.
Magnetite-based adsorbents for sequestration of radionuclides: a review
Authors: Husnain Syed M. , Um Wooyong , Woojin-Lee Woojin-Lee , Chang Yoon-Seok
Published: January 2018

As a result of extensive research efforts by several research groups, magnetite-based materials have gained enormous attention in diverse fields.
Active textiles with Janus fibres
Authors: Zakharov A. P. , Pismen L. M.
Published: January 2018

We describe reshaping of active textiles actuated by bending of Janus fibres comprising both active and passive components.
Small degree of anisotropic wetting on self-similar hierarchical wrinkled surfaces
Authors: Lin Gaojian , Zhang Qiuting , Lv Cunjing , Tang Yichao , Yin Jie
Published: January 2018

We studied the wetting behavior of multiscale self-similar hierarchical wrinkled surfaces.
Optical glucose sensing using ethanolamine–polyborate complexes
Authors: Toncelli C. , Innocenti Malini R. , Jankowska D. , Spano F. , Cölfen H. , Maniura-Weber K. , Rossi R. M. , Boesel L. F.
Published: January 2018

An optical glucose sensor based on polyborate–amine complexes with an aggregation-induced emission mechanism.
Solution-processed ternary p-type CuCrO2 semiconductor thin films and their application in transistors
Authors: Nie Shengbin , Liu Ao , Meng You , Shin Byoungchul , Liu Guoxia , Shan Fukai
Published: January 2018

In this study, transparent p-type CuCrxOy semiconductor thin films were fabricated using spin coating and integrated as channel layers in thin-film transistors (TFTs).
Spatial separation of sensitizer and fluorescent emitter for high quantum efficiency in hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Han Si Hyun , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: January 2018

A quantum efficiency improving device approach to harvest singlet excitons of fluorescent emitters was developed by sequential deposition of sensitizer-doped emitting layer and fluorescent emitter doped emitting layer.
Adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins tested in combination: evidence for formation of hybrids as heterodimers
Authors: Miller Michelle C. , Ludwig Anna-Kristin , Wichapong Kanin , Kaltner Herbert , Kopitz Jürgen , Gabius Hans-Joachim , Mayo Kevin H.
Published: January 2018

The delineation of the physiological significance of protein (lectin)–glycan recognition and the structural analysis of individual lectins have directed our attention to studying them in combination. In this report, we tested the hypothesis of hybrid formation by using binary mixtures of homodimeric galectin-1 and -7 as well as a proteolytically truncated version of chimera-type galectin-3. Initial supportive evidence is provided by affinity chromatography using resin-presented galectin-7. Intriguingly, the extent of cell binding by cross-linking of surface counter-receptor increased significantly for monomeric galectin-3 form by the presence of galectin-1 or -7. Pulsed-field gradient NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) diffusion measurements on these galectin mixtures indicated formation of heterodimers as opposed to larger oligomers. 15N-1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations allowed us to delineate how different galectins interact in the heterodimer. The possibility of domain exchange between galectins introduces a new concept for understanding the spectrum of their functionality, particularly when these effector molecules are spatially and temporally co-expressed as found in vivo.
Non-uniform relationship between salt status and aldosterone activity in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Taylor Alison H.M. , Rankin Alastair J. , McQuarrie Emily P. , Freel E. Marie , Homer Natalie Z.M. , Andrew Ruth , Jardine Alan G. , Mark Patrick B.
Published: January 2018

Background: Hypertension is prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies suggest that reduction in dietary salt intake reduces blood pressure (BP). We studied relationships between salt intake, BP and renin–angiotensin system regulation in order to establish if it is disordered in CKD.

Methods: Mechanistic crossover study of CKD patients versus non-CKD controls. Participants underwent modified saline suppression test prior to randomization to either low or high salt diet for 5 days and then crossed over to the alternate diet. Angiotensin-II stimulation testing was performed in both salt states. BP, urea and electrolytes, and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured.

Results: Twenty-seven subjects were recruited (12 CKD, 15 control). There was no difference in age and baseline BP between the groups. Following administration of intravenous saline, systolic BP increased in CKD but not controls (131 ± 16 to 139 ± 14 mmHg, P=0.016 vs 125 ± 20 to 128 ± 22 mmHg, P=0.38). Median PAC reduced from 184 (124,340) to 95 (80,167) pmol in controls (P=0.003), but failed to suppress in CKD (230 (137,334) to 222 (147,326) pmol (P=0.17)). Following dietary salt modification, there was no change in BP in either group. Median PAC was lower following high salt compared with low salt diet in CKD and controls. There was a comparable increase in systolic BP in response to angiotensin-II in both groups.

Discussion: We demonstrate dysregulation of aldosterone in CKD in response to salt loading with intravenous saline, but not to dietary salt modification.
Comprehensive Stuttering Treatment for Adolescents: A Case Study
Authors: Coleman Craig E.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This article will focus on a hypothetical case study to highlight comprehensive assessment and treatment for adolescent children who stutter.

Method

Assessment and treatment are laid out with a literature review utilizing the components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model. Specific assessment and treatment strategies and approaches are discussed.

Results

Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model can help guide clinicians through the assessment and treatment process to ensure that all areas of stuttering are considered.

Conclusion

Comprehensive assessment and treatment helps clinicians address all relevant elements of a stuttering disorder, rather than focusing exclusively on reducing speech disruptions.
Sidelobe suppression with constraint for MIMO radar via chaotic whale optimisation
Authors: Yuan Pengliang , Guo Chenjiang , Zheng Qi , Ding Jun
Published: January 2018

The beam system of multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) radar needs lower peak sidelobe level for reducing interference, in addition, broad nulls placed at undesired directions are also an alternative method. A hybrid method based on the whale optimisation algorithm is proposed to implement sidelobe suppression and broad nulls. To the best of the authors' knowledge, relative works based on the whale optimisation algorithm applied to MIMO radar are not reported so far. By introducing chaotic optimisation into the whale optimisation algorithm scheme, performance of origin algorithm is improved substantially in suppressing peak sidelobe level with constraint of broad nulls. Furthermore, it is found in the experiment that the proposed algorithm can avoid the premature of origin algorithm effectively, and only takes a short time during the optimum accomplishment. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method.
Power system frequency stabiliser for modern power systems
Authors: Sharma Dushyant , Mishra Sukumar
Published: January 2018

Modern power system involves growing use of open channel communication in secondary frequency regulation which introduces time delay in the automatic generation control loop which may lead to system instability. This study proposes a novel power system frequency stabiliser (PSFS) which is a modified secondary controller in order to improve the system stability in the presence of large communication delays. An auxiliary signal is added to the secondary controller to provide additional damping. The gain of the controller is obtained by meta‐heuristic methods. The proposed controller is first developed on a single area hydropower system and the same is then applied on the Western System Coordinating Council 3‐machine, 9‐bus power system. Furthermore, to show the effectiveness of the proposed PSFS in a large practical multi‐area system; it is also applied to the IEEE 39‐bus system. Results show that the proposed controller significantly improves the stability of a power system operating with large communication delay which is first considered as constant and then the stability improvement with the proposed PSFS in the presence of random communication delays is also shown. The PSFS performance is tested by the results obtained with MATLAB/Simulink simulations and further verified on a real‐time simulator.
Miniaturised multi‐beam‐controlled circular eight‐port beamforming network for long‐range UHF RFID hemispheric coverage
Authors: Jeong Min‐Gyo , Kim Ji‐Hong , Bae Sang‐Hyeon , Lee Wang‐Sang
Published: January 2018

In this paper, a miniaturised multi‐beam‐controlled circular eight‐port beamforming network for long‐range ultra‐high‐frequency radio‐frequency identification (UHF RFID) hemispheric beam‐coverage systems (e.g. unmanned aircraft systems) is proposed. For multi‐beam control and compact implementation, the proposed eight‐port feeding network consists of an integrated beam‐control block with a two‐stage RF switch block, 12 quadrature hybrid couplers, and 12 90° phase shifters, and was designed and fabricated on a circular three‐layer 1.2 mm FR‐4 substrate. The diameter of the fabricated network is ∼0.47 λ0 at 915 MHz. The measured maximum insertion loss, and amplitude and phase imbalances of the fabricated network at the authorised UHF RFID frequency band (902–928 MHz) are ∼4.5 dB, ± 1.3 dB, and ± 17.5°, respectively. An eight‐element dipole antenna array with the proposed feeding network shows feasibility of hemispheric beam coverage by generating multiple beams simultaneously regarding port controls. Beam coverages, where the simulated realised gain is higher than 3 dBi, are ∼180° and 130° at ϕ = 90 and 0°, respectively.
Travelling‐wave‐based method for fault location in multi‐terminal DC networks
Authors: Lin Qizhi , Luo Guomin , He Jinghan
Published: January 2018

Multi‐terminal DC (MTCD) networks have many advantages than traditional point‐to‐point two‐terminal DC systems, and they have been more and more popular in power transmission and distribution with high rate of renewable energy, batteries, and DC loads. However, due to its various connections and the requirement of quick response, fault location for MTDC is still a problem. This study proposed a travelling‐wave‐based fault location method. It only records the first arrival time of travelling waves at all terminals. Graph theory is used to represent the topologies of networks. Once a fault occurs, the first arrival time of travelling waves at each terminal are recorded and extracted by wavelet modular maxima. Then, the shortest paths between any two terminals are assumed to be faulted and the fault occurring time (FOT) of assumed faults is calculated. The true assumption will generate smallest FOT. By selecting the smallest FOT, the real fault can be located. Finally, the proposed method is tested with different simulated scenarios. The influences from background noises, sampling frequencies and ground resistance are also discussed. The simulation results verify the proposed method has a good performance in locating faults in MTDC networks.
Anatomy of the AGN in NGC 5548
Authors: Mao Junjie , Kaastra J. S. , Mehdipour M. , Gu Liyi , Costantini E. , Kriss G. A. , Bianchi S. , Branduardi-Raymont G. , Behar E. , Di Gesu L. , Ponti G. , Petrucci P.-O. , Ebrero J.
Published: January 2018

The X-ray narrow emission line region (NELR) of the archetypal Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 has been interpreted as a single-phase photoionized plasma that is absorbed by some of the warm absorber components. This scenario requires those overlaying warm absorber components to have larger distance (to the central engine) than the X-ray NELR, which is not fully consistent with the distance estimates found in the literature. Therefore, we reanalyze the high-resolution spectra obtained in 2013–2014 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) aboard XMM-Newton to provide an alternative interpretation of the X-ray narrow emission features. We find that the X-ray narrow emission features in NGC 5548 can be described by a two-phase photoionized plasma with different ionization parameters (logξ = 1.3 and 0.1) and kinematics (vout = −50 and −400 km s−1), and no further absorption by the warm absorber components. The X-ray and optical NELR might be the same multi-phase photoionized plasma. Both X-ray and optical NELR have comparable distances, asymmetric line profiles, and the underlying photoionized plasma is turbulent and compact in size. The X-ray NELR is not the counterpart of the UV/X-ray absorber outside the line of sight because their distances and kinematics are not consistent. In addition, X-ray broad emission features that we find in the spectrum can be accounted for by a third photoionized emission component. The RGS spectrum obtained in 2016 is analyzed as well, where the luminosity of most prominent emission lines (the O VII forbidden line and O VIII Lyα line) are the same (at a 1σ confidence level) as in 2013–2014.
Coil-Assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration: A Valid Treatment for Gastric Variceal Hemorrhage and Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Marsala Andrew , Lee Edward
Published: January 2018

Coil-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration (CARTO) has evolved as a simpler and perhaps safer alternative to balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO). The efficacy of BRTO has been established, and early data supports the use of CARTO in similar situations. In a small series of patients with gastric variceal hemorrhage treated with CARTO, complete portosystemic shunt occlusion, complete variceal obliteration, and no rebleeding during the follow-up period were observed in all patients. In a larger, unpublished study, an improvement in hepatic encephalopathy was observed in over 80% of patients treated with CARTO. In addition, overall liver function was markedly improved in 1 month. As for complications, new or worsened ascites and esophageal varices were observed in 24% and 30%, respectively. Overall, CARTO is an effective treatment of gastric variceal hemorrhage and hepatic encephalopathy with high technical and clinical success rates. Compared with plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration (PARTO), CARTO can be used to safely close larger shunts with a comparable efficacy and complication profiles.
Opções terapêuticas nos adenomas hipofisários gigantes e invasivos: Experiência com 44 pacientes
Authors: Lynch José Carlos , Pereira Celestino Esteves , Nunes Reddy Simon , Amaral Alexandre de Castro do
Published: January 2018

Entre 1986 e 1998, 44 pacientes com adenomas hipofisários gigantes foram tratados em nossa instituição. Adenomas não-funcionantes ocorreram em 63,6% dos casos e os adenomas secretantes em 36,4%. Diminuição significativa da acuidade visual foi encontrada em 79,5% dos pacientes e 20 olhos estavam cegos. Foram realizadas 48 operações nesses doentes. Vinte e oito pacientes foram operados por uma via transcraniana: em 19 casos, a via pterional foi a escolhida; em 6 casos, optamos pela via orbitozigomática e, em 3, a via subfrontal. A via transesfenoidal foi utilizada em 20 casos. Foi possível a remoção total em 26 (59,0%) casos, subtotal em 18 (40,9%). A mortalidade, nessa série, foi de 9% e, a morbidade, de 47,7%.

Adenomas hipofisários gigantes e invasivos são lesões de cura extremamente difícil. No entanto, muitos desses tumores podem ser totalmente removidos por microcirurgia com abordagens pela base do crânio com morbidade e mortalidade aceitáveis e sobrevida a longo prazo.
Epidemiologia do trauma raquimedular cervical na zona norte da cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Botelho Ricardo Vieira , Balieiro Abgussen Carla Maria , Pereira Machado Gustavo Campos Furtado , Reis Elias Alexandre José , Benedito-Silva Ana Amelia , Azeredo Bittencourt Lia Rita , França Fontoura Emilio Afonso
Published: January 2018

Objetivos: Estudar a epidemiologia do paciente vítima de trauma raquimedular cervical na zona norte da cidade de São Paulo, na área definida como DIR IV e na região de Franco da Rocha, entre 1996 e 2000.

Métodos: Estudo parte retrospectivo, parte prospectivo, baseado em dados de protocolo padronizado para trauma raquimedular, consultas médicas e estudo de prontuários.

Casuística: 95 pacientes consecutivos foram estudados entre abril de 1996 e dezembro de 2000.

Conclusões: A incidência de casos de trauma raquimedular geral estimada foi de 22,63 milhão/ano e de trauma cervical foi de 8,6 milhão/ano. A média mensal foi 84% maior no ano de 1999 em comparação a 1996. Predominaram as quedas ao solo como causa. A média de idade foi de 35 anos. Quarenta e cinco por cento da amostra apresentava-se com menos de 30 anos. Quarenta e dois por cento dos pacientes apresentaram complicações potencialmente graves. A média de internação foi de 25,86 dias.

As lesões O-C1-C2 causaram dano neurológico menos freqüentemente que as C3-C7 (11,6%/ 61,04%). As lesões que produziram deficit completo acima de C3 foram fatais. Mais de 60% dos pacientes com traumatismo C3-C7 apresentaram deficits neurológicos e 41,5% apresentam paralisia, com nenhuma força evidente ao exame, com ou sem preservação sensitiva; 44% destes morreram. Um paciente teve piora neurológica antes da cirurgia e outro teve seu quadro neurológico piorado pela cirurgia.

O estado neurológico e o nível da lesão foram os fatores prognósticos mais importantes.

Os 95 pacientes utilizaram 77 sistemas de fixação e/ou halo-coletes.
Radioterapia intersticial para o tratamento dos tumores encefálicos
Authors: Corrêa Cláudio Fernandes
Published: January 2018

É apresentado o resultado do tratamento com radioterapia intersticial de 138 doentes com lesões neoplásicas encefálicas. Foram avaliados 50 doentes com glioblastoma multiforme, 45 com gliomas de baixo grau, 19 com astrocitomas anaplásicos, 23 com metástases e 1 com meningioma. Os resultados foram avaliados em relação a sexo, idade, índice de Karnofsky à época da execução do procedimento, volume e localização das lesões e realização ou não de craniotomia, radioterapia e quimioterapia como complemento ao procedimento.

Concluiu-se que a radioterapia intersticial é procedimento seguro, simples e eficaz para o tratamento de neoplasias sediadas no encéfalo.
Ruptura de cisto aracnóideo intracraniano causando higroma e hemiplegia súbita
Authors: Almeida Holanda Maurus Marques de , da Nóbrega Ana Moema Pereira , Sarmento Stênio Abrantes , Meira Ussânio Mororó , da Silva José Alberto Gonçalves
Published: January 2018

Os autores relatam dois casos de ruptura de cisto aracnóideo, sem história de trauma craniano, com formação de higroma, manifestando-se com quadro clínico de síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana e evoluindo com hemiplegia súbita.

São discutidos a etiologia, as manifestações clínicas, o mecanismo de ruptura do cisto e as imagens radiológicas que traduziram a evolução do evento.
Lesão da coluna cervical alta por projétil de arma de fogo: Tratamento conservador
Authors: de Campos Marcelo Ferraz , do Amaral Sérgio Henrique , Haikel Junior Luiz Fernando , Rodrigues Junior José Carlos , de Campos Alexandre Walter , Listik Sérgio , Brito Pereira Clemente Augusto de , Andrade Sobrinho Jozias de
Published: January 2018

Ferimentos provocados por projétil de arma de fogo na região cervical alta (C1-C2) são raros. Apresentamos experiência recente com cinco vítimas desses ferimentos, localizados nessa região e que não apresentavam déficit neurológico.

Em todos os casos foi adotada conduta conservadora que consistiu na imobilização cervical externa, com colar tipo Filadélfia, por um período de três meses. Todos os pacientes permaneceram sem alteração no exame neurológico no seguimento de um ano.

Concluímos que nessas situações o tratamento conservador é alternativa adequada.
Mecanismos básicos da regeneração de nervos: Artigo de revisão
Authors: Martins Roberto S. , Siqueira Mario G. , da Silva Ciro Ferreira , Pereira Plese José Píndaro
Published: January 2018

Um grande número de pacientes portadores de lesões de nervos é tratado por meio de intervenção cirúrgica. Embora nos últimos anos evoluções constantes tenham sido obtidas na elucidação dos mecanismos básicos da regeneração de nervos, esse progresso ainda não foi incorporado de forma eficaz às situações clínicas.

Neste estudo apresentamos uma revisão dos mecanismos básicos da regeneração de nervos. O conhecimento desses mecanismos é o primeiro passo para que terapêuticas adjuvantes sejam desenvolvidas e adicionadas rotineiramente à cirurgia no tratamento das lesões traumáticas de nervos.
Avulsão traumática de raízes do plexo lombossacro: Relato de caso
Authors: Bastos Pinheiro José Álvaro , de Andrade Francisco Doutel , Ribeiro Carlos Henrique
Published: January 2018

Relata-se um caso de avulsão traumática de raízes do plexo lombossacro. A ressonância magnética da coluna lombossacra evidenciou imagem sugestiva de pseudomeningocele na saída do forame intervertebral L5-S1 direito. A mielografia lombar confirmou a lesão. O diagnóstico foi realizado após dois meses de tratamento de contusão cerebral e múltiplas fraturas de extremidades e bacia. Nenhum tratamento cirúrgico foi oferecido.
Resultados do tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome do túnel do tarso posterior idiopática
Authors: Flores Leandro Pretto
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Demonstrar o resultado obtido com o tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome do túnel do tarso, para os casos ditos idiopáticos. Método: Análise retrospectiva de nove casos operados entre 2002 e 2005, em pacientes nos quais se excluiu tumores, trauma ou doenças sistêmicas como etiologia. Resultado: Dor e parestesia na região plantar, de predominância noturna, associado a sinal de Tinel positivo no tornozelo foram as apresentações clínicas mais comuns. Os estudos eletrofisiológicos demonstraram aumento da latência sensitiva nos nervos plantares em todos os casos. Houve melhora dos sintomas em todos os pacientes submetidos à secção cirúrgica do retináculo dos flexores no tornozelo. A complicação mais observada foi deiscência da ferida operatória, identificada em seis pacientes. Conclusão: A cirurgia é um método eficiente para o tratamento da síndrome do túnel do tarso nos casos idiopáticos, sendo o conhecimento anatômico fundamental para a realização da completa liberação de todos os potenciais pontos de compressão das estruturas nervosas da região.
Diretrizes no tratamento das metástases epidurais da coluna vertebral. Atualização
Authors: Daniel Jefferson Walter , Esteves Veiga José Carlos
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Atualizar conceitos e recomendar condutas da prática médica nos aspectos de prognóstico, diagnóstico e tratamento das metástases epidurais da coluna vertebral. Método: O período de apuração das publicações situou-se entre janeiro de 1990 a janeiro de 2006, incluídas as referências relevantes prévias. A ausência de evidências de valor científico para determinar padrões ou diretrizes de conduta em temas médicos que geram incertezas da prática, permite usar do termo diretrizes para todas as recomendações. Resultados: A modalidade de tratamento a ser escolhido depende da análise dos fatores preditivos de prognóstico, tais como: o estado clínico do doente; a possibilidade de resgatar ou manter a capacidade de deambulação; grau de disseminação e transmissão da neoplasia primária. As informações obtidas com o diagnóstico de imagem da ressonância magnética efetuada em toda a extensão da coluna vertebral e o complemento das imagens ósseas pertinentes da tomografia axial computadorizada são necessárias na escolha e implementação do tratamento escolhido. O tratamento cirúrgico inclui a descompressão circunferencial da medula espinhal, a reconstrução do corpo vertebral e a estabilização segmentar da coluna vertebral. Conclusões: As recomendações conferem eficácia e eficiência nas condutas médicas. O prognóstico depende dos fatores preditivos de sobrevivência. Os exames complementares de imagem auxiliam no estadiamento e planejamento do tratamento. A modalidade de tratamento escolhida depende da previsão de sobrevivência e da capacidade de deambulação do doente.
Spinal intradural arteriovenous fistula mimicking intramedullary tumor and associated with a giant intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Campos Wuilker Knoner , da Silva Benjamin Franklin , Damian Guasti Jose Antônio
Published: January 2018

Spinal intradural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are a rare type of neurovascular malformation. Many a time hemodynamic disturbs associated to these entities can cause edema with subsequent myelopathy. On MRI study, this edema can mimic an intramedullary tumor. We report a rare case of spinal intradural AVFs mimicking an intramedullary tumor, which also were surprisingly associated with a giant intracranial aneurysm. We highlight in detail the MRI findings in intramedullary lesions, and also emphasize that these entities requires as careful differential diagnosis as supplementary investigation of the neuroaxis looking for other simultaneous neurovascular pathologies.
Alterações neuroendócrinas em pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico
Authors: Sousa Júnior Leonardo de Moura , Neville Iuri Santana , Menendez Djalma Felipe da Silva , Carneiro da Cunha Neto Malebranche Berardo , Batista Rafael Loch , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , de Andrade Almir Ferreira , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: January 2018

O traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) corresponde a uma das principais causas de morte em adultos jovens. Alguns pacientes com TCE podem ser vítimas de várias alterações hormonais decorrentes do trauma. Algumas são facilmente reconhecíveis, como diabetes insipidus, enquanto outras podem passar despercebidas inicialmente, como a deficiência do hormônio do crescimento (GH). As alterações neuroendócrinas após a ocorrência de trauma podem cursar com deficiências da hipófise anterior, da posterior ou de ambas, acometer apenas um eixo hormonal ou vários e, ainda, ser transitórias ou permanentes. A grande maioria dos pacientes que apresentam disfunção neuroendócrina foi vítima de traumas considerados moderados ou graves pela escala de Glasgow. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos não evidenciou relação entre a gravidade da lesão e a ocorrência de alteração hipofisária pós-TCE. As deficiências hipofisárias devem ser tratadas precocemente, uma vez que déficits hormonais hipofisários dificultam a recuperação dos pacientes traumatizados, constituindo-se em fator de pior prognóstico. Apesar da frequência com que ocorrem os TCE, existem poucos estudos a respeito das complicações neuroendócrinas decorrentes.
Mielopatia por deficiência de cobre
Authors: Carri José Maria , Carri Alejandro Agustín
Published: January 2018

A deficiência de cobre (CU) adquirida ganha reconhecimento como causa de anemia e neutropenia. Na última década, ela é reconhecida como produtora de mielopatia ou mieloneuropatia degenerativa, que mimetiza a deficiência de vitamina de B12, podendo apresentar-se em concomitância com essa última. Foram discutidos etiologias, fisiopatologia, diagnósticos diferenciais e tratamentos, assim como achados radiológicos caraterísticos na ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM), principalmente na imagem ponderada T2, da medula cervical e dorsal, confrontando-as com dados laboratoriais direcionados à patologia, conseguindo-se maior acurácia diagnóstica. Observou-se que o diagnóstico precoce pode reverter a doença do ponto de vista laboratorial, de imagem e neurológico ou estabilizar a progressão. Sendo assim, recomendamos incluir na pesquisa laboratorial das cirurgias bariátricas, gastrectomias, síndromes de má-absorção e na administração oral de zinco (Zn).
Abordagem posterior para transferência nervosa do nervo acessório para o nervo supraescapular
Authors: Amoreira Gepp Ricardo de , Cardoso Couto José Mauro , de Cardoso Marcio Mendonça , Neri Eidmar Augusto , da Silva Regis Tavares
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Os autores realizaram uma avaliação comparativa entre a abordagem anterior e posterior do nervo acessório para transferência nervosa para o nervo supraescapular. Método: Foram estudados pacientes submetidos à neurotização do nervo supraescapular utilizando como doador o nervo acessório, no período de janeiro de 2007 a janeiro de 2010. Os registros cirúrgicos foram avaliados para analisar as vantagens e desvantagens das duas formas de abordagem desses nervos na cirurgia. Foram avaliados os marcos anatômicos utilizados para a localização dos nervos durante a cirurgia e as dificuldades ocorridas nas duas formas de abordagem. Resultados: Foram estudados ao todo 29 pacientes, sendo que 22 deles foram abordados pela via anterior e sete por via posterior. A localização do nervo supraclavicular foi considerada mais fácil pela via posterior, enquanto a localização do nervo acessório foi feita mais rapidamente pela via anterior. Em nenhuma das cirurgias foi necessária a interposição de enxerto nervoso. Não ocorreram complicações cirúrgicas nas duas técnicas. Conclusão: A análise comparativa das duas abordagens cirúrgicas demonstra que a anatomia desses dois nervos é importante fator na dificuldade técnica apresentada na cirurgia. Novos estudos devem analisar se há uma melhora dos resultados funcionais com a abordagem pela via posterior.
Ergebnisqualität der Schlaganfallrehabilitation in der BAR-Phase D
Authors: Bussmann Marie-Luise , Neunzig Hans-Peter , Gerber Joachim , Steinmetz Jochen , Jung Svenja , Deck Ruth
Published: January 2018

Hintergrund Der Schlaganfall ist ein Krankheitsbild von hoher epidemiologischer Bedeutung. In Deutschland erleiden jährlich ca. 200 000 Menschen einen Schlaganfall. Der Schlaganfall ist nach Herz-Kreislauf- und Krebserkrankungen die häufigste Todesursache, gleichzeitig ist der Schlaganfall die Hauptursache für erworbene Behinderung im Erwachsenenalter. Rund ein Viertel der Schlaganfallüberlebenden ist 3 Monate nach dem Akutereignis von schweren Einschränkungen in den Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens betroffen. Die häufigsten Schlaganfallfolgen sind Störungen im sensomotorischen, kognitiven und im emotional-affektiven Bereich. Bei der Bewältigung der Krankheitsfolgen kommt der Schlaganfallrehabilitation eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Angesichts der großen Anzahl der Betroffenen und der teils gravierenden Folgen stellt sich die Frage, welche Teilhabezugewinne durch die medizinische Rehabilitation erreicht werden können.

Methodik Es wurde eine prospektive, multizentrische Beobachtungsstudie in 6 stationären neurologischen Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Deutschland durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden Rehabilitanden nach zerebrovaskulärem Akutereignis, die den Schweregrad der BAR-Phase D aufwiesen. Die Rehabilitanden wurden zu 3 Messzeitpunkten schriftlich befragt: zu Beginn und am Ende der Rehabilitation sowie 4 Monate nach deren Abschluss. Primäres Zielkriterium war Teilhabe, sekundäre Zielgrößen beinhalteten verschiedene Parameter des subjektiven Gesundheitserlebens. Darüber hinaus wurden die Nutzung von Nachsorgeangeboten und die Zufriedenheit mit der Rehabilitationsmaßnahme erfasst.

Ergebnisse Die Patienten weisen zu Beginn der Rehabilitation hohe Teilhabestörungen und deutliche Einschränkungen in allen erfassten sekundären Zielgrößen auf. Am Ende der Rehabilitation zeigen sich in allen Outcomeparametern signifikante Verbesserungen mit kleinem, bei der Teilhabe mit mittlerem Effekt. Zum Katamnesezeitpunkt reduzieren sich diese Effekte wieder, erreichen aber bis auf 2 der betrachteten Zielgrößen nicht die Ausgangswerte vor der Rehabilitation. Die Patienten bewerten sowohl den Reha-Aufenthalt als auch die Reha-Ergebnisse äußerst positiv. Zwei Drittel der Rehabilitanden erhalten eine Nachsorgeempfehlung, die meisten Rehabilitanden (83 %) nehmen eine Form der Nachsorge wahr.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse der Studie sprechen dafür, dass die Schlaganfallrehabilitation zu signifikanten und nachhaltigen Effekten führt. Insbesondere die Teilhabe scheint durch die Rehabilitation positiv beeinflusst zu werden. Der teilweise Rückgang der Effekte im Katamnesezeitraum wirft die Frage nach einer adäquaten Reha-Nachsorge auf.
Systematic characterization of a 1550 nm microelectromechanical (MEMS)-tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with 7.92 THz tuning range for terahertz photomixing systems
Authors: Haidar M. T. , Preu S. , Cesar J. , Paul S. , Hajo A. S. , Neumeyr C. , Maune H. , Küppers F.
Published: January 2018

Continuous-wave (CW) terahertz (THz) photomixing requires compact, widely tunable, mode-hop-free driving lasers. We present a single-mode microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) featuring an electrothermal tuning range of 64 nm (7.92 THz) that exceeds the tuning range of commercially available distributed-feedback laser (DFB) diodes (∼4.8 nm) by a factor of about 13. We first review the underlying theory and perform a systematic characterization of the MEMS-VCSEL, with particular focus on the parameters relevant for THz photomixing. These parameters include mode-hop-free CW tuning with a side-mode-suppression-ratio >50 dB, a linewidth as narrow as 46.1 MHz, and wavelength and polarization stability. We conclude with a demonstration of a CW THz photomixing setup by subjecting the MEMS-VCSEL to optical beating with a DFB diode driving commercial photomixers. The achievable THz bandwidth is limited only by the employed photomixers. Once improved photomixers become available, electrothermally actuated MEMS-VCSELs should allow for a tuning range covering almost the whole THz domain with a single system.
The stability cycle—A universal pathway for the stability of films over topography
Authors: Schörner Mario , Aksel Nuri
Published: January 2018

In the present study on the linear stability of gravity-driven Newtonian films flowing over inclined topographies, we consider a fundamental question: Is there a universal principle, being valid to describe the parametric evolution of the flow’s stability chart for variations of different system parameters? For this sake, we first screened all experimental and numerical stability charts available in the literature. In a second step, we performed experiments to fill the gaps which remained. Variations of the fluid’s viscosity and the topography’s specific shape, amplitude, wavelength, tip width, and inclination were considered. That way, we identified a set of six characteristic patterns of stability charts to be sufficient to describe and unify all results on the linear stability of Newtonian films flowing over undulated inclines. We unveiled a universal pathway—the stability cycle—along which the linear stability charts of all considered Newtonian films flowing down periodically corrugated inclines evolved when the system parameters were changed.
Chemsex as edgework: towards a sociological understanding
Authors: Hickson Ford
Published: January 2018

Sexual sessions between men, organised through mobile technologies and combined with stimulants intended to extend and intensify the session have been reified into the phenomena of ‘chemsex’. Understanding chemsex requires multiple levels of analysis and interpretation. This paper considers chemsex through the lens of edgework, a sociological category for voluntary risk taking identified in 1990 by Stephen Lyng. Edgework activities involve a clear and present danger to the self, intense emotions and sensations and an opportunity to exercise specialist skills. Using published research and other cultural products, this paper demonstrates that chemsex fully exhibits all the defining features of edgework. Chemsex is then positioned as an activity that epitomises the (gay) citizen as consumer in a technocapitalist age of pharmacopornographic consumption.
The effect of pre-strain on tensile behaviour of 316L austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Peng Jian , Li Kaishang , Peng Jian , Pei Junfeng , Zhou Changyu
Published: January 2018

The effect of pre-strain on tensile behaviour of 316L austenitic stainless steel was investigated, focusing on strain rate sensitivity, temperature sensitivity and strain hardening. Experimental data showed that strain rate sensitivity, temperature sensitivity and strain hardening were weakening with pre-strain. Meanwhile, the variation of microstructure with pre-strain was observed by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Then, the mechanical properties of pre-strained material were correlated with the increase in dislocation density and mechanical twinning with pre-strain. Finally, an improved Arrhenius-PS model considering the effect of pre-strain was developed.

This paper is part of a thematic issue on Nuclear Materials.
B1a B cells require autophagy for metabolic homeostasis and self-renewal
Authors: Clarke Alexander J. , Riffelmacher Thomas , Braas Daniel , Cornall Richard J. , Simon Anna Katharina
Published: January 2018

Specific metabolic programs are activated by immune cells to fulfill their functional roles, which include adaptations to their microenvironment. B1 B cells are tissue-resident, innate-like B cells. They have many distinct properties, such as the capacity to self-renew and the ability to rapidly respond to a limited repertoire of epitopes. The metabolic pathways that support these functions are unknown. We show that B1 B cells are bioenergetically more active than B2 B cells, with higher rates of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and depend on glycolysis. They acquire exogenous fatty acids and store lipids in droplet form. Autophagy is differentially activated in B1a B cells, and deletion of the autophagy gene Atg7 leads to a selective loss of B1a B cells caused by a failure of self-renewal. Autophagy-deficient B1a B cells down-regulate critical metabolic genes and accumulate dysfunctional mitochondria. B1 B cells, therefore, have evolved a distinct metabolism adapted to their residence and specific functional properties.