bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composites Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) and SBA-15: Effect of Mesoporous Silica on Thermal Stability and on Isothermal Crystallization from Either Glass or Molten State
Authors: Díez-Rodríguez Tamara M. , Blázquez-Blázquez Enrique , Pérez Ernesto , Cerrada María L.
Published: November 2020

Several composites based on an L-rich poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with different contents of mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15) silica were prepared in order to evaluate the effect of the mesoporous silica on the resultant PLA materials by examining morphological aspects, changes in PLA phases and their transitions, and, primarily, the influence on some final properties. Melt extrusion was chosen for the obtainment of the composites, followed by quenching from the melt to prepare films. Completely amorphous samples were then attained, as deduced from X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrated that the presence of SBA-15 particles in the PLA matrix did not exert any significant influence on the thermal decomposition of these composites. An important nucleation effect of the silica was found in PLA, especially under isothermal crystallization either from the melt or from its glassy state. As expected, isothermal crystallization from the glass was considerably faster than from the molten state, and these high differences were also responsible for a more considerable nucleating role of SBA-15 when crystallizing from the melt. It is remarkable that the PLA under analysis showed very close temperatures for cold crystallization and its subsequent melting. Moreover, the type of developed polymorphs did not accomplish the common rules previously described in the literature. Thus, all the isothermal experiments led to exclusive formation of the α modification, and the observation of the α’ crystals required the annealing for long times at temperatures below 80 °C, as ascertained by both DSC and X-ray diffraction experiments. Finally, microhardness (MH) measurements indicated a competition between the PLA physical aging and the silica reinforcement effect in the as-processed amorphous films. Physical aging in the neat PLA was much more important than in the PLA matrix that constituted the composites. Accordingly, the MH trend with SBA-15 content was strongly dependent on aging times.
Process Drive Sizing Methodology and Multi-Level Modeling Linking MATLAB® and Aspen Plus® Environment
Authors: Furda Patrik , Variny Miroslav , Labovská Zuzana , Cibulka Tomáš
Published: November 2020

Optimal steam process drive sizing is crucial for efficient and sustainable operation of energy-intense industries. Recent years have brought several methods assessing this problem, which differ in complexity and user-friendliness. In this paper, a novel complex method was developed and presented and its superiority over other approaches was documented on an industrial case study. Both the process-side and steam-side characteristics were analyzed to obtain correct model input data: Driven equipment performance and efficiency maps were considered, off-design and seasonal operation was studied, and steam network topology was included. Operational data processing and sizing calculations were performed in a linked MATLAB®–Aspen Plus® environment, exploiting the strong sides of both software tools. The case study aimed to replace a condensing steam turbine by a backpressure one, revealing that: 1. Simpler methods neglecting frictional pressure losses and off-design turbine operation efficiency loss undersized the drive and led to unacceptable loss of deliverable power to the process; 2. the associated process production loss amounted up to 20%; 3. existing bottlenecks in refinery steam pipelines operation were removed; however, new ones were created; and 4. the effect on the marginal steam source operation may vary seasonally. These findings accentuate the value and viability of the presented method.
Mobilizing the Field Hospital: Pastoral Care as a Paradigm for Ministry with Young Adults
Authors: Jarzembowski Paul
Published: November 2020

When considering the Church and young adults, marketing or educational approaches are often used; however, these are inadequate to address the realities facing people in their 20s and 30s, including mental health, economic conditions, and racial and cultural injustice. What is needed is the development of a new ecclesial paradigm based on Pope Francis’s “field hospital” analogy, which emphasizes pastoral care as a primary step in ministerial accompaniment.
A Study on the Relationship between the Design of Aerotrain and Its Stability Based on a Three-Dimensional Dynamic Model
Authors: Luong Quang Huan , Jong Jeremy , Sugahara Yusuke , Matsuura Daisuke , Takeda Yukio
Published: November 2020

A new generation electric high-speed train called Aerotrain has levitation wings and levitates under Wing-in-Ground (WIG) effect along a U-shaped guideway. The previous study found that lacking knowledge of the design makes the prototype unable to regain stability when losing control. In this paper, the nonlinear three-dimensional dynamic model of the Aerotrain based on the rigid body model has been developed to investigate the relationship between the vehicle body design and its stability. Based on the dynamic model, this paper considered an Aerotrain with a horizontal tail and a vertical tail. To evaluate the stability, the location and area of these tails were parameterized. The effects of these parameters on the longitudinal and directional stability have been investigated to show that: the horizontal tail gives its best performance if the tail area is a function of the tail location; the larger vertical tail area and (or) the farther vertical tail location will give better directional stability. As for the lateral stability, a dihedral front levitation wing design was investigated. This design did not show its effectiveness, therefore a control system is needed. The obtained results are useful for the optimization studies on Aerotrain design as well as developing experimental prototypes.
Convolutional Autoencoder-Based Flaw Detection for Steel Wire Ropes
Authors: Zhang Guoyong , Tang Zhaohui , Zhang Jin , Gui Weihua
Published: November 2020

Visual perception-based methods are a promising means of capturing the surface damage state of wire ropes and hence provide a potential way to monitor the condition of wire ropes. Previous methods mainly concentrated on the handcrafted feature-based flaw representation, and a classifier was constructed to realize fault recognition. However, appearances of outdoor wire ropes are seriously affected by noises like lubricating oil, dust, and light. In addition, in real applications, it is difficult to prepare a sufficient amount of flaw data to train a fault classifier. In the context of these issues, this study proposes a new flaw detection method based on the convolutional denoising autoencoder (CDAE) and Isolation Forest (iForest). CDAE is first trained by using an image reconstruction loss. Then, it is finetuned to minimize a cost function that penalizes the iForest-based flaw score difference between normal data and flaw data. Real hauling rope images of mine cableways were used to test the effectiveness and advantages of the newly developed method. Comparisons of various methods showed the CDAE-iForest method performed better in discriminative feature learning and flaw isolation with a small amount of flaw training data.
Versatile Low-Cost Volumetric 3D Ultrasound Imaging Using Gimbal-Assisted Distance Sensors and an Inertial Measurement Unit
Authors: Kim Taehyung , Kang Dong-Hyun , Shim Shinyong , Im Maesoon , Seo Bo Kyoung , Kim Hyungmin , Lee Byung Chul
Published: November 2020

This study aims at creating low-cost, three-dimensional (3D), freehand ultrasound image reconstructions from commercial two-dimensional (2D) probes. The low-cost system that can be attached to a commercial 2D ultrasound probe consists of commercial ultrasonic distance sensors, a gimbal, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). To calibrate irregular movements of the probe during scanning, relative position data were collected from the ultrasonic sensors that were attached to a gimbal. The directional information was provided from the IMU. All the data and 2D ultrasound images were combined using a personal computer to reconstruct 3D ultrasound image. The relative position error of the proposed system was less than 0.5%. The overall shape of the cystic mass in the breast phantom was similar to those from 2D and sections of 3D ultrasound images. Additionally, the pressure and deformations of lesions could be obtained and compensated by contacting the probe to the surface of the soft tissue using the acquired position data. The proposed method did not require any initial marks or receivers for the reconstruction of a 3D ultrasound image using a 2D ultrasound probe. Even though our system is less than $500, a valuable volumetric ultrasound image could be provided to the users.
Micro Electrochemical Milling of Micro Metal Parts with Rotating Ultrasonic Electrode
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Haoran , Wang Shenghai , Wang Kan , Li Minghao , Peng Tengfei
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of MEMS, the demand for metal microstructure is increasing. Micro electrochemical milling technology (MECM) is capable of manufacturing micro metallic devices or components based on the principle of electrochemical anode dissolution. To improve the capacity of MECM, this paper presents a compound method named ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro electrochemical milling technology (UA-MECM). Firstly, the simulation and mathematical model of UA-MECM process is established to explain the mechanism of ultrasonic vibration on micro electrochemical milling. Then, the effects of ultrasonic parameters, electrical parameters and feedrate on machining localization and surface quality are discussed considering sets of experiments. The surface roughness was effectively reduced from Ra 0.83 to Ra 0.26 µm with the addition of ultrasonic vibration. It turns out that ultrasonic vibration can obviously improve machining precision, efficiency and quality. Finally, two- and three-dimensional microstructures with good surface quality were successful fabricated. It shows that ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrochemical milling technology has excellent machining performance, which has potential and broad industrial application prospects.
Building a Graph Signal Processing Model Using Dynamic Time Warping for Load Disaggregation
Authors: He Kanghang , Stankovic Vladimir , Stankovic Lina
Published: November 2020

Building on recent unsupervised Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) algorithms that use graph Laplacian regularization (GLR) and achieve state-of-the-art performance, in this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised approach to design an underlying graph to model the correlation within time-series smart meter measurements. We propose a variable-length data segmentation approach to extract potential events, assign all measurements associated with an identified event to each graph node, employ dynamic time warping to define the adjacency matrix of the graph, and propose a robust cluster labeling approach. Our simulation results on four different datasets show up to 10% improvement in classification performance over competing approaches.
Illumination-Invariant Feature Point Detection Based on Neighborhood Information
Authors: Wang Ruiping , Zeng Liangcai , Wu Shiqian , Cao Wei , Wong Kelvin
Published: November 2020

Feature point detection is the basis of computer vision, and the detection methods with geometric invariance and illumination invariance are the key and difficult problem in the field of feature detection. This paper proposes an illumination-invariant feature point detection method based on neighborhood information. The method can be summarized into two steps. Firstly, the feature points are divided into eight types according to the number of connected neighbors. Secondly, each type of feature points is classified again according to the position distribution of neighboring pixels. The theoretical deduction proves that the proposed method has lower computational complexity than other methods. The experimental results indicate that, when the photometric variation of the two images is very large, the feature-based detection methods are usually inferior, while the learning-based detection methods performs better. However, our method performs better than the learning-based detection method in terms of the number of feature points, the number of matching points, and the repeatability rate stability. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has the best illumination robustness among state-of-the-art feature detection methods.
Detection of County Economic Development Using LJ1-01 Nighttime Light Imagery: A Comparison with NPP-VIIRS Data
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Luo Nianxue , Hu Chunchun
Published: November 2020

Nighttime light (NTL) remote sensing data have been widely used to derive socioeconomic indicators at the national and regional scales to study regional economic development. However, most previous studies only chose a single measurement indicator (such as GDP) and adopted simple regression methods to investigate the economic development of a certain area based on DMSP-OLS or NPP-VIIRS stable NTL data. The status quo shows the problems of using a single evaluation index—it has a low evaluation precision. The LJ1-01 satellite is the first dedicated NTL remote sensing satellite in the world, launched in July 2018. The data provided by LJ1-01 have a higher spatial resolution and fewer blooming phenomena. In this paper, we compared the accuracy of the LJ1-01 data and NPP-VIIRS data in detecting county-level multidimensional economic development. In three provinces in China, namely, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi, 20 socioeconomic parameters were selected from the following five perspectives: economic conditions, people’s livelihood, social development, public resources and natural vulnerability. Then, a County-level Economic Index (CEI) was constructed to evaluate the level of multidimensional economic development, with the spatial pattern of the multidimensional economic development also identified across the study area. The present study adopted the random forest (RF) and linear regression (LR) algorithms to establish the regression model individually, and the results were evaluated by cross-validation. The results show that the RF algorithm greatly improves the accuracy of the model compared with the LR algorithm, and thus is suitable for the study of NTL data. In addition, a better determinate coefficient (R2) based on the LJ1-01 data (0.8168) was obtained than that from the NPP-VIIRS data (0.7245) in the RF model, which reflects that the LJ1-01 data offer better potential in the evaluation of socioeconomic parameters and can be used to identify, both accurately and efficiently, multidimensional economic development at the county level.
Washing Machine Dynamic Model to Prevent Tub Collision during Transient State
Authors: Sánchez-Tabuenca Beatriz , Galé Carmen , Lladó Juan , Albero Cristian , Latre Roberto
Published: November 2020

In horizontal-axis washing machines, the front gasket as well as the damping system are crucial owing to the possible collision of the tub with the housing during the transient period. However, most dynamic models for predicting tub motion focus on the steady state and consider only the suspension system without including the gasket. We conducted an experimental study to analyze the effect of the gasket on the transient motion of the tub. The results obtained indicate the necessity of implementing the gasket in the multibody model of a washing machine to accurately predict the tub behavior during this period. The gasket model is formed by a combination of Voigt elements. Stiffness parameters are determined using a load cell, and damping factors are estimated using a process that integrates Adams/View, Matlab optimization algorithms, and displacement measurements that are taken using accelerometers. A D-optimal design used to predict the effect of the gasket parameters reveals that the tub displacement is most sensitive to the changes in linear stiffness in the transversal direction. Finally, the model of the gasket provides a better approach for predicting the tub movement during resonance that can be used in the design phase to avoid tub collision.
Damage Identification and Quantification in Beams Using Wigner-Ville Distribution
Authors: Katunin Andrzej
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the novel method of damage identification and quantification in beams using the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD). The presented non-parametric method is characterized by high sensitivity to a local stiffness decrease due to the presence of damage, comparable with the sensitivity of the wavelet-based approaches, however the lack of selection of the parameters of the algorithm, like wavelet type and its order, and the possibility of reduction of the boundary effect make this method advantageous with respect to the mentioned wavelet-based approaches. Moreover, the direct relation between the energy density resulting from the application of WVD to modal rotations make it possible to quantify damage in terms of its width and depth. The results obtained for the numerical modal rotations of a beam presented in this paper, simulating the results of non-destructive testing achievable with the shearography non-destructive testing method, confirm high accuracy in localization of a damage as well as quantification of its dimensions. It was shown that the WVD-based method is suitable for detection of damage represented by the stiffness decrease of 1% and can be identified and quantified with a high precision. The presented results of quantification allowed extracting information on damage width and depth.
Building Sustainable Rural Communities through Indigenous Social Enterprises: A Humanistic Approach
Authors: Vázquez-Maguirre Mario
Published: November 2020

This article follows a humanistic management approach to analyze how indigenous social enterprises contribute to building sustainable rural communities. To this end, I first explore the process of how these entities were formed and developed the necessary capabilities to generate such outcomes. Then, I examine the strategies indigenous social enterprises create to engage in value creation activities with the community and their main outcomes. Such outcomes are finally classified by the problems they addressed according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), since one of the gaps in the literature indicates a lack of studies that relate specific SDGs with the outcomes of social enterprises in developing countries. This article follows a qualitative approach, a case study research strategy, and uses semi-structured interviews as the main data collection instrument. Evidence from four cases of indigenous social enterprises in Latin America suggests that these entities originate as a result of a major crisis that affects the dignity of the individuals and compromises the socio-economic dynamics of the communities. Second, local leadership urges a response that takes the form of a social enterprise that follows local principles and governance and pursues dignity protection, sustainability, and cultural reaffirmation. As a result, the communities have increased their levels of well-being and sustainability, linked to SDGs such as good health, decent work, reduced inequalities, public infrastructure, sustainable communities, and partnerships for the goals. This article also sheds light on how a humanistic management approach can contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of social enterprises, as these humanistic principles and practices seem to be naturally promoted by social entrepreneurs.
Stakeholder Collaboration in Energy Transition: Experiences from Urban Testbeds in the Baltic Sea Region
Authors: Fischer Jonas , Alimi Donald , Knieling Jörg , Camara Camila
Published: November 2020

Energy-efficiency improvement measures for existing building stock are vital for reaching EU climate mitigation and energy targets, especially in urban areas, which are responsible for a large share of total energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The complex and multi-faceted nature of the energy sector is characterized currently by fragmented planning practices and a lack of cross-sector action to improve resource efficiency. The authors examine a comprehensive multi-stakeholder collaboration model at the district-level as a method to systematically address challenges of energy planning in urban areas while exploiting synergies with local conditions. A detailed description and evaluation of formats for successful collaboration is provided, considering lessons learned by the Interreg BSR project AREA 21 including seven cities from the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). The authors propose five main features for stakeholder collaboration in energy planning: inclusivity, intermediate scale, interactivity, mutual benefit, and institutionalization. The analysis provides evidence of successful multi-stakeholder collaboration that resulted in the development of strategies and action plans for energy improvements for the selected urban areas.
Identifying Urban Traveling Hotspots Using an Interaction-Based Spatio-Temporal Data Field and Trajectory Data: A Case Study within the Sixth Ring Road of Beijing
Authors: Yi Disheng , Liu Yusi , Qin Jiahui , Zhang Jing
Published: November 2020

Exploring urban travelling hotspots has become a popular trend in geographic research in recent years. Their identification involved the idea of spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering based on density in the previous research. However, there are some limitations to them, including the unremarkable results and the determination of various parameters. At the same time, none of them reflect the influences of their neighbors. Therefore, we used the concept of the data field and improved it with the impact of spatial interaction to solve those problems in this study. First of all, an interaction-based spatio-temporal data field identification for urban hotspots has been built. Then, the urban travelling hotspots of Beijing on weekdays and weekends are identified in six different periods. The detected hotspots are passed through qualitative and quantitative evaluations and compared with the other two methods. The results show that our method could discover more accurate hotspots than the other two methods. The spatio-temporal distributions of hotspots fit commuting activities, business activities, and nightlife activities on weekdays, and the hotspots discovered at weekends depict the entertainment activities of residents. Finally, we further discuss the spatial structures of urban hotspots in a particular period (09:00–12:00) as an example. It reflects the strong regularity of human travelling on weekdays, while human activities are more varied on weekends. Overall, this work has a certain theoretical and practical value for urban planning and traffic management.
Water Use Efficiency and Sensitivity Assessment for Agricultural Production System from the Water Footprint Perspective
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Wang Jigan , Cao Xinchun
Published: November 2020

The increasing shortage of water resources and the growing demand for crops make water use efficiency a decisive factor for the sustainable and healthy development of the agricultural system. In order to evaluate agricultural water use efficiency from the water footprint perspective, the current study constructed the comprehensive water efficiency (CWE) index based on eight single agricultural water use efficiency performance parameters. The water resources utilization and efficiency in the wheat production system of China from 2006 to 2015 were analyzed and the sensitivity of single indices for CWE was identified. The results show that the national crop water footprint (CWF) for wheat production was estimated to be, including 46.3% blue, 36.6% green and 17.0% blue components, respectively. The spatial distribution patterns of water use efficiency performance indices were different. CWE of the country was 0.387, showing an upward trend over time and decreased from the southeast to the northwest geographically. Crop water productivity (CWP), productive water ratio (PWR) and rainwater consumption ratio (RCR) turned out to be the first three sensitive parameters for CWE in China. The improvement of China’s overall CWE relied on reducing inefficient blue-green water use and increasing the output capacity for per unit water. Advanced agricultural water-saving technologies were in high need for goal achievement, especially for the Huang-Huai-Hai plain, which held more than 70% of Chinese wheat production and CWF. The results provide support for efficient utilization and sustainable development of water resources in the agricultural system.
Teaching Skills Assessment in Initial Teacher Training in Physical Education
Authors: Aparicio-Herguedas José Luis , Rodríguez-Medina Jairo , González-Hernández Juan Carlos , Fraile-Aranda Antonio
Published: November 2020

This paper assessed the impact of two teacher training degrees in Physical Education, one focusing on primary school teaching and the other one concerning secondary school teaching. Data from students of both degrees were statistically compared and contrasted taking into account four training scopes from the Questionnaire of Perception of Teaching Skills in Physical Education. A three-stage analysis was carried out: (i) a descriptive stage, (ii) an invariance analysis, and (iii) a comparison of latent means across the degrees. The results show significant statistical differences between the two degrees regarding the training impact on developing skills for physical and motor development basics, contents for learning, and physical activity promoting health; however, no statistically significant differences were found regarding the learning and teaching processes in Physical Education. Moreover, in both degrees, the training proved to be insufficient for developing the skill in inclusive education.
Working to Reduce Food Waste: Investigating Determinants of Food Waste amongst Taiwanese Workers in Factory Cafeteria Settings
Authors: Bell Adam Edward , Ulhas Khire Rushikesh
Published: November 2020

Food waste is a critical issue affecting the world, and more research is needed to find ways to reduce it. Much of the existing research has examined supply chain inefficiencies and plate waste in restaurants and homes, while few researchers have studied the food waste which occurs in factory cafeterias. As many factories are in Asia, examining factory cafeteria food waste behavior in an Asian context is a good starting point. With this in mind, the authors research drivers that influence Taiwanese factory workers’ behavioral intentions toward food waste reduction. To do so, a conceptual framework model is constructed using the Theory of Planned Behavior and extended using the Norm action model and Proenvironmental factors, as well as additional factors including habit, cafeteria-service quality and situational factors. A pencil-and-paper survey was conducted with 156 participants, and collected data were evaluated using a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. Results reveal that climate change awareness, injunctive norms and habit are strong motivating factors towards Taiwanese factory workers’ intention to reduce food waste. When combined with cafeteria-service quality and situational factors, intention to reduce food waste is also shown to have a significant explanatory effect on food waste behavior.
On Graph-Orthogonal Arrays by Mutually Orthogonal Graph Squares
Authors: Higazy M. , El-Mesady A. , Mohamed M. S.
Published: November 2020

During the last two centuries, after the question asked by Euler concerning mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS), essential advances have been made. MOLS are considered as a construction tool for orthogonal arrays. Although Latin squares have numerous helpful properties, for some factual applications these structures are excessively prohibitive. The more general concepts of graph squares and mutually orthogonal graph squares (MOGS) offer more flexibility. MOGS generalize MOLS in an interesting way. As such, the topic is attractive. Orthogonal arrays are essential in statistics and are related to finite fields, geometry, combinatorics and error-correcting codes. Furthermore, they are used in cryptography and computer science. In this paper, our current efforts have concentrated on the definition of the graph-orthogonal arrays and on proving that if there are k MOGS of order n, then there is a graph-orthogonal array, and we denote this array by G-OA(n2,k,n,2). In addition, several new results for the orthogonal arrays obtained from the MOGS are given. Furthermore, we introduce a recursive construction method for constructing the graph-orthogonal arrays.
Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Liquid Crystals: Appearance of Ferroelectricity and Antiferroelectricity
Authors: Takanishi Yoichi
Published: November 2020

The study of chiral symmetry breaking in liquid crystals and the consequent emergence of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases is described. Furthermore, we show that the frustration between two phases induces a variety of structural phases called subphases and that resonant X-ray scattering is a powerful tool for the structural analysis of these complicated subphases. Finally, we discuss the future prospects for clarifying the origin of such successive phase transition.
Challenges in Vaccinating Layer Hens against Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Jia Siyuan , McWhorter Andrea R. , Andrews Daniel M. , Underwood Gregory J. , Chousalkar Kapil K.
Published: November 2020

Salmonella Typhimurium is among the most common causes of bacterial foodborne gastrointestinal disease in humans. Food items containing raw or undercooked eggs are frequently identified during traceback investigation as the source of the bacteria. Layer hens can become persistently infected with Salmonella Typhimurium and intermittently shed the bacteria over the course of their productive lifetime. Eggs laid in a contaminated environment are at risk of potential exposure to bacteria. Thus, mitigating the bacterial load on farms aids in the protection of the food supply chain. Layer hen producers use a multifaceted approach for reducing Salmonella on farms, including the all-in-all-out management strategy, strict biosecurity, sanitization, and vaccination. The use of live attenuated Salmonella vaccines is favored because they elicit a broader host immune response than killed or inactivated vaccines that have been demonstrated to provide cross-protection against multiple serovars. Depending on the vaccine, two to three doses of Salmonella Typhimurium vaccines are generally administered to layer hens within the first few weeks. The productive life of a layer hen, however, can exceed 70 weeks and it is unclear whether current vaccination regimens are effective for that extended period. The objective of this review is to highlight layer hen specific challenges that may affect vaccine efficacy.
Knowledge Co-Production with Agricultural Trade Associations
Authors: Nocco Mallika A. , Weeth Feinstein Noah , Stock Melanie N. , McGill Bonnie M. , Kucharik Christopher J.
Published: November 2020

Scientists and agricultural trade associations may further conservation outcomes by engaging with one another to uncover opportunities and engage in social learning via knowledge co-production. We observed, documented, and critically reviewed knowledge exchanges among scientists and agricultural stakeholders working on a multidecadal water conflict in Wisconsin. Differences in knowledge exchange and production were related to meeting spaces, organization, time management, and formality of interactions. We found that repetitive, semiformal meetings organized and led by growers facilitated knowledge exchange, co-production, and social learning. However, scientists often appeared uncomfortable in grower-controlled spaces. We suggest that this discomfort results from the widespread adoption of the deficit model of scientific literacy and objectivity as default paradigms, despite decades of research suggesting that scientists cannot view themselves as objective disseminators of knowledge. For example, we found that both scientists and growers produced knowledge for political advocacy but observed less transparency from scientists, who often claimed objectivity in politicized settings. We offer practical methods and recommendations for designing social learning processes as well as highlight the need to better prepare environmental and extension scientists for engaging in agribusiness spaces.
composición escrita. Aspectos considerados por el docente para su evaluación
Authors: Hernández Carmen Zenaida
Published: November 2020

En la presente investigación se planteó como objetivo general describir los aspectos de la escritura que considera el docente cuando evalúa la composición escrita de los estudiantes. El enfoque para esta investigación se ajustó al paradigma cualitativo. Los sujetos de la investigación fueron docentes de 4to, 5to y 6to. Grado de la Unidad Educativa Colegio La Milagrosa, ubicada en Guarenas – estado Miranda. Las técnicas empleadas fueron la entrevista semiestructurada y la observación directa o participativa y como instrumento el guion de entrevista. Entre las conclusiones se resalta que los docentes, sujetos de esta investigación, no evalúan el tipo de texto ni su estructura, ni la composición escrita como proceso, sino como producto final, no supervisan a los participantes para que estos revisen sus escritos y para que, a su vez, ellos verifiquen si plasmaron sus ideas en forma correcta.
Pemanfaatan Video Animasi 3D sebagai Media Promosi Wisata Kota Medan (Studi Kasus: Kawasan Medan Heritage)
Authors: Bintarto Joko Joko , Lestari Indah Siti Indah
Published: November 2020

Kota Medan memerlukan promosi digital kawasan wisata. Peranan media promosi wisata sangat penting untuk memberikan informasi keadaan wilayah dan fasilitas yang ada di tempat wisata dan meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan wisata. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk merancang media promosi kota Medan, kawasan wisata yang dipilih sebagai studi kasus yaitu Medan Heritage, kawasan dengan bangunan bersejarah di kota Medan yang  memiliki nilai historis tinggi sehingga memberikan ciri khas dan keunikan kota Medan dan membangun citra wisata Heritage. Perancangan promosi tersebut dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan video animasi 3 dimensi sebagai media promosi. Media video animasi 3 dimensi dinilai mampu memberikan kontribusi dalam mempromosikan tempat wisata dengan mensimulasikan tempat wisata tersebut seperti aslinya.  Informasi ini berguna untuk calon wisatawan agar mendapatkan gambaran kawasan wisata yang akan dikunjungi dan dapat meningkatkan minat untuk berwisata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Desain (Desain Komunikasi Visual) melalui tahapan Analisis, Sintetis dan Evaluasi. Juga menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data didapatkan melalui literatur, kuesioner dan observasi sebagai bagian dari tahapan Analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah karya video animasi 3D yang mensimulasikan  kawasan Medan Heritage sebagai kawasan wisata dengan bangunan bersejarah di kota medan seperti Istana Maimun, Masjid Raya Al Mashun, PT. PP London Sumatera, dan Kantor Pos agar seperti aslinya
KESERUPAAN HIDUP ORANG SUNDA DALAM KOMIK ADEN ENDUL
Authors: Kasmana Kankan
Published: November 2020

Aden Endul merupakan komik strip yang hadir di Jawa Barat Indonesia mulai tahun 1986. Dengan genre komedi, komik mengangkat tema tentang kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat Sunda (suku yang mendiami Jawa Barat). Tulisan ini membahas tentang komik Aden Endul, sebagai sastra gambar berupaya menemukan aspek budaya Sunda dalam narasi dan visual, melalui analisis struktural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komik merepresentasikan aspek budaya Sunda dalam bentuk penggunaan bahasa Sunda yang menunjukkan ajaran silih asah, silih asih dan silih asuh, aspek religi; sinkretisme ajaran Sunda dan Islam, pandangan kehidupan masyarakat tradisional yang dekat dengan alam. Susunan komposisi komik beserta unsur-unsurnya menunjukkan pengetahuan komikus sebagai orang Sunda yang memiliki aspek visualitas yang menghadirkan pengalaman hidup dan kehidupan komik. Humor dimaksudkan sebagai autokritikal bagi komikus dan juga pembacanya.
Discourse Analysis of (Power) Struggles in the Classroom
Authors: Oppelt Camila
Published: November 2020

Perceptions about the relationship between teacher and student refer to the confidence, motivation and interest of the students, and to the expectations and attitudes of the teachers. With the aim of arousing and encouraging discussions about these aspects that can, eventually, improve the relationship between teachers and students through the study of a teacher’s perceptions about this relationship, this article was carried out in the light of Critical Discourse Analysis and studies focusing on teachers’ expectations. The corpus – answers to a questionnaire applied to a high school teacher at a San Diego/CA suburban school – was submitted to the analysis of the author’s position regarding her role as teacher. The willingness to engage in a good relationship with students was present in the corpus as expected. However, there were a few unexpected occurrences: predominantly dominant attitude about problem solving, heterogeneity in the division of responsibilities, and explicit citation of power struggle in the classroom.
Como delimitar e descrever um sistema de Memória Humana?
Authors: Superbia Guimarães Luísa
Published: November 2020

O estudante ou pesquisador que inicia seus estudos em Psicologia Cognitiva geralmente aprende sobre o funcionamento de diversos sistemas de memória (e.g. memória declarativa/explícita e não-declarativa/implícita, memória episódica, memória semântica, memória operacional/de trabalho, memória procedural), mas não tem acesso aos detalhes do processo científico de descrição desses sistemas. De maneira semelhante, o profissional clínico pode enfrentar dificuldades para compreender os detalhes metodológicos dos estudos que originaram ferramentas de avaliação e intervenção neuropsicológica ao consultar a literatura científica da área. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma visão global dos desafios teóricos e metodológicos no estudo da memória humana, com ênfase na delimitação dos sistemas de memória.
Interações aluno-professor: percepções sobre o feedback pedagógico
Authors: Ramalho Henrique , Rocha João , Lopes Alexandra
Published: November 2020

Neste estudo, é problematizada a interação sociocultural, a dialogicidade, a comunicação pedagógica e a função, os tipos e os requisitos do feedback pedagógico. O conceito de feedback pedagógico é compreendido como requisito base para o progresso das aprendizagens dos alunos. Procura-se compreender em que termos o feedback pedagógico é percecionado e entendido pelos professores, conhecer os tipos de feedback pedagógico que são solicitados aos alunos sobre o trabalho do professor, e desenvolver uma compreensão sobre a forma como os alunos são envolvidos nas atividades de sala de aula. Segue-se a linha metodológica do estudo de caso, privilegiando o uso de questionários, aplicados a professores e a alunos, complementado com a análise de alguns documentos escolares.
Efeito Kuleshov: A Influência do Contexto Emocional no Processamento de Faces
Authors: Boratto Urtado Melina , Santos Rosemary Conceição dos , Fukusima Sérgio Sheiji
Published: November 2020

Em 1920, Lev Vladimirovitch Kuleshov relatou que o contexto emocional quando justaposto à face neutra poderia afetar a percepção da face, tornando-a emocional. Na área do cinema este fenômeno foi denominado de efeito Kuleshov. A existência do efeito tem sido cientificamente questionada, e desde então, neurocientistas tentam validar o efeito Kuleshov. Neste artigo iremos sumarizar os diferentes modelos experimentais que têm sido utilizados na investigação do efeito Kuleshov e os resultados encontrados até o momento por meio do método científico; mais precisamente em pesquisas experimentais e da neurociência. Os resultados desses estudos mostram indícios do efeito Kuleshov a nível comportamental e de processamento neuronal, entretanto, nenhum estudo conseguiu comprová-lo.
A recuperação da memória operacional visual não é afetada por flicker cromático
Authors: Silva Stéphanie , Galera Cesar
Published: November 2020

Nós investigamos o efeito da informação visual irrelevante (IVI) na recuperação da informação na memória de trabalho. Os participantes realizaram uma tarefa de reconhecimento visual. Em metade das provas, uma dica retroativa espacial foi apresentada no intervalo de retenção. A IVI, um flicker cromático, com frequências de 1,0 Hz, 7,3 Hz e 15,3 Hz, foi apresentada no intervalo entre dica e teste. A dica melhorou a acurácia e a rapidez na tarefa de reconhecimento. O flicker não afetou o desempenho. A dica retroativa pode permitir a recuperação da informação para um estado ativo e pode tê-la protegido da interferência do flicker.
Onde estão os Zukis? Recursividade com PPs locativos na aquisição de linguagem: um estudo experimental em PB
Authors: De Sá Pinto Mayara , Soto Marije , Improta França Aniela , Lucena Ribeiro Nathacia
Published: November 2020

Dados na literatura mostram que estruturas geradas por recursividade direta (RD) aparecem mais tardiamente que as geradas por recursividade indireta (RI). O presente estudo aborda esta questão, ao comparar o desempenho de crianças de 4 e 5 anos, diante de encaixamento recursivo de 2 e 3 PPs locativos em estruturas RD e RI. Na tarefa de pareamento sentença-figura, os participantes tiveram maior acurácia pareando as sentenças RD. RI ficou no nível da chance. Os tempos de resposta (TR) foram maiores nas condições RD e o número de PPs não foi relevante. Crianças de 5 anos tiveram proporcionalmente mais acertos para RD e RI e TRs maiores, indicando maior engajamento na tarefa. Sugerimos que a dificuldade da interpretação semântica restritiva, a interface memória/sintaxe e a ausência de marca morfológica de RI para PPs locativos em PB sejam fatores atuantes no baixo desempenho frente à RI.
Os rumos do FUNDEB
Authors: Sena Paulo Martins
Published: November 2020

O texto apresenta análise com o objetivo de abordar o legado da política de fundos contábeis iniciada por meio do Fundef e aprimorada com o advento do Fundeb. Aponta as eficiências e insuficiências e, também, avanços, limites e desafios para a construção do novo Fundeb permanente. São destacadas as eficiências inclusiva, redistributiva, federativa e de qualidade do sistema – que têm como elementos, também, a inclusão e a equidade. Destaca-se, ainda, a relevante preferência constitucional pelo ensino público e o princípio constitucional da vinculação de recursos à manutenção e desenvolvimento do ensino, ambos como as bases da identidade constitucional em matéria de educação.
Educação matemática e atividades investigativas com pessoas idosas
Authors: Silva Rafaela Nascimento da , Silva Guilherme Henrique Gomes da , Julio Rejane Siqueira
Published: November 2020

Discutimos neste artigo resultados de uma pesquisa que analisou a forma como ocorre o engajamento de idosos em atividades matemáticas quando inseridos em um cenário para investigação. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, os dados foram produzidos em dois encontros com idosos participantes de um projeto de extensão universitária, que trabalha educação matemática direcionada à terceira idade. O envolvimento dos idosos se deu pelo aceite em participar das atividades e permeou os momentos de uma investigação matemática. Observamos contribuições para a interação social, mudança de concepção sobre a matemática, produção de conhecimento e o surgimento de discussões filosóficas, estéticas, tecnológicas e matemáticas.
Avaliação educacional em larga escala e accountability
Authors: Fernandes Reynaldo , Gremaud Amaury Patrick
Published: November 2020

O presente texto procura avaliar o movimento de avaliação educacional em larga escala e accountability que ocorreu no Brasil nas duas últimas décadas. No artigo, é feita uma breve revisão da literatura internacional sobre accountability educacional, destacando os argumentos em sua defesa, a posição dos críticos e a avaliação de seus resultados. Em seguida, é apresentado um histórico do movimento de avaliação em larga escala e accountability no Brasil e, ao final, é realizada uma avaliação desse movimento, abordando três questões: a) até onde a melhoria dos dados educacionais brasileiros no ensino fundamental refletem uma melhoria no aprendizado ou reflete uma “inflação de notas?; b) até que ponto os programas de avalição e accountability contribuíram para esta melhoria? e c) Por que a melhoria no ensino fundamental não atingiu o ensino médio da mesma forma?
Pengaruh Manajemen Laba terhadap Kebijakan Dividen di Indonesia
Authors: Hartadi Putra Dananto , Wangsadharma Nicholas , Ariati Hidayat Athalia , Adelina Yang Elvi
Published: November 2020

Laba merupakan salah satu tolok ukur bagi investor dalam mengambil keputusan investasi, sedangkan dividen merupakan salah satu keuntungan yang dicari oleh investor. Oleh karena itu, diduga manajemen laba yang dilakukan perusahaan akan berhubungan dengan kebijakan dividen perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh manajemen laba terhadap kebijakan dividen pada perusahaan terbuka di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat uji STATA, dengan model random effect. Pada penelitian ini, manajemen laba menggunakan nilai absolut dari akrual diskresioner yang diukur dengan tiga model: Modified Jones, Kasznik, dan Kothari. Kebijakan dividen dilihat berdasarkan dividen kas yang dibagikan dengan tolok ukur dividend yield dan dividend payout ratio. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 828 data perusahaan terbuka multiindustri nonkeuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2013-2018 yang diperoleh dari Capital IQ. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen laba tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen, akan tetapi arus kas operasi, ukuran perusahaan, dan pertumbuhan perusahaan memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen. Hal ini menunjukkan kebijakan dividen perusahaan tidak berdasarkan manajemen laba yang dilakukannya, melainkan kebijakan dividen tergantung dari kepemilikan arus kas operasi perusahaan, ukuran perusahaan, serta pertumbuhan perusahaan.
Soubor kovových předmětů z doby římské
z Boršova na Moravskotřebovsku
An Assemblage of Metal Roman Iron Age Artefacts
from Boršov in the Moravská Třebová Region
Authors: Vích David , Jílek Jan , Kmošek Jiří , Biborski Marcin J. , Biborski Mateusz R. , Martínek Jan
Published: November 2020

An archaeological situation documented in 2016 in the cadastral territory of Boršov (Svitavy district, Pardubice Region, Czech Republic)
contained more than 70 metal artefacts scattered mostly over an area of 5 x 2 m. The finds were made with the use of metal detectors
in an otherwise unsettled space in close proximity to defunct roads crossing a sharp local terrain fault. The finds were concentrated
on hilly terrain between two slight watercourses. The collection is composed mainly of fragments of intentionally broken artefacts
made from a copper alloy, castings of the mouth of casting channels, ingots, as well as craft tools, coins, a fragment of a bronze
mould, fibula parts, etc. The assemblage dates to the end of the Marcomannic Wars or the period immediately following them and
documents a close relationship with the processing of non-ferrous metals. The assemblage also contains antiques, especially in the
form of a La Tène belt hook.
Roman Iron Age, Marcomannic Wars, copper metallurgy, imports, roads, ritual activities, Moravia