bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A méltányosság – egy kísérlet a fogalom tisztázására (The fairness: an attempt to clarify the term)
Authors: Megyeri Eszter
Published: February 2021

A méltányosság egyaránt szerepet játszik a társadalmi, szervezeti és szervezetközi kapcsolatokban. A szakirodalom szerint a mindkét fél által méltányosnak tekintett kapcsolatok növelik a részt vevő szervezetek aggregált eredményességét, hosszú távon a kölcsönös és közös versenyelőny kialakítását szolgálják. De mit jelent a méltányosság? A szerző ismerteti a méltányosság és a hozzá szorosan kötődő fogalmak általános meghatározását, majd megvizsgálja Arisztotelész nézeteit az igazságosságról és a méltányosságról. Érint néhány filozófiai koncepciót, melyek a társadalmi igazságosságot egymástól eltérő módon interpretálják, majd részletezi a közgazdaságtan, a kísérleti közgazdaságtan, valamint a szervezeti pszichológia legjelentősebb igazságossági és méltányossági koncepcióit. A tanulmány átfogó képet nyújt a méltányosság definícióiról az áttekintett szakirodalom és a további vállalatközi méltányosságkutatáshoz kötődő relevancia alapján. _______ Fairness plays a role in social,organizational and interorganizational relations. Relationships which are considered to be fair by both parties increase the aggregate effectiveness of the participating organizations and develop mutual and reciprocal competitive advantage in the long-run. But what does fairness mean? The author describes the general definition of fairness and its closely related notions, which is followed by a review of Aristotle’s understanding of justice and equity. Some of the philosophical concepts with different social justice interpretation are examined. The author details the most important concepts of justice, equity and fairness of economics, experimental economics, and organizational psychology. The study provides a comprehensive picture of fairness and equity definitions based on the literature overview and the relevance of further research related to inter-company fairness.
Vállalati teljesítménymérés a döntéstámogatás tükrében
Authors: Csesznák Anita , Wimmer Ágnes
Published: February 2021

A hazai vállalatok teljesítménymérési és teljesítménymenedzsment-gyakorlatát vizsgálja a cikk a Versenyben a világgal kutatási program 2009. évi felmérésének adatait felhasználva. A szerzők célja a döntéstámogatás hátterének elemzése: a teljesítménymérés gyakorlatának, következetességének, támogató jellegének az értékelése, vizsgálva a korábbi (1996., 1999. és 2004. évi) hasonló kutatások során megfigyelt tendenciák alakulását is, az információs rendszer szerepének az értékelésekor a különböző területekért felelős vezetők véleményét is összeveti, s különböző vállalati jellemzők (vállalatméret, tulajdonosok típusa, reagálóképesség, teljesítmény stb.) alapján kialakított csoportok sajátosságait is értékeli.
Nociception: the roles of vitamin D
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Putilina M. V. , Sardaryan I. S. , Fedotova L. E. , Limanova O. A.
Published: February 2021

Objective: to carry out a systematic computer-assisted analysis of scientific literature on on the relationships between the effects of vitamin and nociception (including the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the development of pain syndrome.

Material and methods. For the query “(pain OR nociception) AND (vitamin D OR cholecalciferol OR VITD OR CALCITRIOL OR HYDROXYVITAMIN OR DIHYDROXYVITAMIN OR ALPHACALCIDOL)", 2318 references, including 77 references on alpha-calcidol, were found in the biomedical publications database PubMed. The computer-assisted analysis of this array of publications was carried out using the current big data analysis methods developed within the topological and metric approaches to recognition/classification problems.

Result and discussion. A systematic computer-assisted text analysis of 2318 studies on the relationships between nociception and vitamin D showed that the analgesic effects of the vitamin are by anti-inflammatory action and the regulation of serotonergic, dopaminergic, and opioidergic neurotransmission. The lower blood levels of the major vitamin D metabolite 25 (OH)D is a risk factor for decreased pain threshold in myalgia, fibromyalgia, arthralgia, dorsalgia, and a number of neuralgias.

Conclusion. In patients with impaired renal conversion of active vitamin D metabolites (especially in the elderly), the efficacy of cholecalciferol-based drugs is reduced, which makes it necessary to use the active forms of vitamin D.
Role of pathogenetic therapy for diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Iskra D. A. , Kovalchuk V. V. , Barantsevich E. R.
Published: February 2021

In our country, alpha-lipoic acid is widely used as a pathogenetic therapy for diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN).

Objective: to compare the efficiency and safety of using oral and injectable α-lipoic acid for DPN.

Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 47 patients with a verified diagnosis of DPN, who were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 23 patients (10 men and 13 women; mean age, 62.9±7.5 years), Group 2 consisted of 24 patients (9 men and 15 women, mean age, 65.5±7.9 years). All the patients used Berlithione: Group 1 received its intravenous doses of 600 mg for 14 days, then oral ones of 600 mg for other 16 days; Group 2 took oral doses of 600 mg for 30 days. The therapy results were assessed using the digital rating scale (DRS), the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) neuropathic pain rating scale, and the neurological soft signs (NSS), and electroneuromyography (ENMG) data.

Results and discussion. Berlithione was found to have a good tolerability. No adverse reactions were detected in any case; and there was no need to discontinue this drug. On day 21 of therapy, there were statistically significant differences in the indicators of pain intensity on DRS in Group 1 patients (p<0.05), some of them (n=8) had positive clinical changes as a reduction in the severity of hypesthesia. Both groups showed a tendency to improve ENMG parameters as a certain increase in excitation propagation velocity and M-response amplitude; however, these changes did not reach a statistical significance level. At the same time, in 6 out of the 8 patients in Group 1 with positive clinical changes, the described ENMG changes correlated with a reduction in the severity of hypesthesia. There were no significant changes on the NSS scale after 3 weeks of therapy. On day 30 of treatment, both groups were recorded to have statistically significant changes in pain intensity measures versus the baseline values, but no significant inter-group differences.

Conclusion. Thus, Berlithione demonstrated its efficacy in both patient groups, but its positive effect occurred 1 week earlier in the step therapy group. It is noted that it is expedient to use this drug long (>1 month) for DPN.
Depression during the COVID-19 pandemic (analysis of clinical cases)
Authors: Dorozhenok I. Yu.
Published: February 2021

Currently, in various world regions, the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders due to the impact of coronavirus infection is repeatedly increased compared to that in previous years. Among the predictors of their development during the pandemic, there are COVID-19 symptoms, a history of mental disorders, as well as restrictive measures, and financial losses.

The paper describes three clinical cases of depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the depiction of the anamnesis, somatic and mental status, the patholopsychogical qualification of the condition, and the justification of a therapy regimen. The multifactorial stressor effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked an exacerbation of depression in a male patient with a history of affective disorder; the development of a nosogenic depressive reaction of demoralization in a female patient with coronavirus pneumonia; the worsening of somatization dysthymia in a female patient of involutional age. The timely recognition of depression and its treatment with currently available antidepressants have contributed to the achievement of high-quality remission, the increase of stress resistance, and the improvement of quality of life in the patients.
Food refusal in mentally ill patients and their management tactics
Authors: Danilov D. S. , Kotik (Matsneva) M. E. , Yakovleva I. I.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents generalized data on psychopathological symptoms that cause food refusal in mentally ill patients. It systematizes information about methods for preventing and supplying nutrient deficiencies in mentally ill patients who refuse to eat. The paper describes clinical cases of probe feeding in psychiatric inpatients when they refuse eat or cannot take food. It provides evidence for the rationality of describing food refusal in mentally ill people and the methods for symptomatic correction of this condition in the current fundamental guidelines on psychiatry.
Bond Strength and Microleakage of Different Designs of Occlusal Veeners
Authors: Hussein Mohamed G. , Mohsen Cherif A.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate fracture strength of different lithium disilicate occlusal veneers designs with different tooth preparations. Material and method: Fifty-six extracted human mandibular molars were collected with relatively comparable size and standardization done by diamond saw and it will receive. 6mm lithium disilicate occlusal veneers. Specimens will be divided into two main groups, each of these groups contains 28 samples (group A&B), the first group represents occlusal veneers with 1.0 ml with radial shoulder finish line design includes axial surfaces for a2 ml length, while the second group represents occlusal veneers preparation without finish line. Each main group will be subdivided into 2 subtypes groups (A1, A2, B1, B2), each subtype group contains 14 samples, the first subtype group will receive a buccal groove, while the second subgroup will be without grooves. Each subgroup will be divided into 2 classes (7 samples) according to the type of test it will be subjected to: microleakage, bond strength. Results: The fracture strength is (mean value+ standard deviation) in plain occlusal reduction without vs with buccal groove(890.36±42.51N), (865.69±36.79N). The fracture strength is (mean value ± standard deviation) in occlusal reduction with radial shoulder, without or with buccal groove (835.36±42.51N), (820.69±36.79N), with nonsignificant difference p value <0.05. Conclusions: All tested occlusal veneer designs proved to withstand normal and parafunctional masticatory forces with non-significant statistical difference.
A Comparative Analysis of Various Types of Modified Bentonite Clays Added to Poly Methyl Butadiene for Nanocomposite Preparation
Authors: Jabbar Fayq Hsan , Latif Wisam A.
Published: February 2021

New Nano-composite of biopolymers was prepared for this analysis. The natural bentonite clay group forms Na- Bentonite (Na- BTT), K- Bentonite (K- BTt), and Ca- Bentonite (Ca-Btt) has been modified by the addition of synthesized fatty amide (FACO), namely Corn oil (CO). To achieve the modification the clay particles was mixed thoroughly in an aqueous (FACO) solution which increases the separation of the clay layer from 1.25 to 2.75 nm of BTT, 1.17 to 1.34 nm of BTt and 1.14 to 1.31nm of Btt due to the action exchange capacity of Na- BTT which is much greater than the low cation exchange capacity of K- BTt and Ca-Btt, respectively. The improved Na- BTT was then used in the preparation of poly methyl butadiene (PMB) Nano-composite. The modifiers interaction in the clay layer is described by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A conventional approach was used to synthesize the Nano-composite, in which the modified clay (FACO- BTT) was melt mixed with PMB. To classify the Nano-composite XRD, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Thermogravimetric have been used. The results of XRD and TEM confirmed Nano-composite growth. In contrast to pure PMB, PMB modified BTT Nano-composite showed higher thermal stability. The use of FACO as a vegetable oil derivative to modify clay would minimize reliance on petroleum based surfactants. Moreover, such Nano-composites are considered environmentally friendly in addition to being renewable resources.
Matériaux prosopographiques
Authors: Verpeaux Nathalie
Published: February 2021

À Autun, durant toute la seconde moitié du Moyen Âge - et à l’époque moderne -, deux abbayes de femmes de l’ordre de Saint-Benoît coexistent. Ces deux communautés naissent et se développent dans un double mouvement de complémentarité et de concurrence. L'analyse des origines et du mode de vie des religieuses montre que, issues des couches supérieures de la société autunoise et bourguignonne, voire auvergnate et comtoise, ces femmes retrouvent à l’intérieur de la clôture le confort auquel sont habitués leurs proches. Elles ne sont toutefois pas totalement coupées du monde, contrairement aux injonctions de certaines autorités ecclésiastiques et, si elles font appel à de nombreux officiers, tant temporels que spirituels, elles n’hésitent pas à sortir de l'enceinte monastique ; en fait, les deux communautés sont profondément intégrées dans la cité éduenne et dans la région. Elles possèdent en effet de nombreux biens et domaines et les religieuses surveillent attentivement la gestion de leur temporel ; elles jouent également un rôle spirituel important par leurs prières, la nomination de prêtres dans les églises de leurs domaines et la célébration de nombreux anniversaires pour leurs bienfaiteurs et les fondateurs d’obits.
Privatizing Cash: Currency and Public Goods in Sweden
Authors: Peebles Gustav
Published: February 2021

Across the world, national currencies—public goods that emerged out of a previous era of currency proliferation—are now competing with private alternatives. As paper and coins fall into disuse, the seigniorage that helps to fund the circulation and regulation of currency diminishes, while their capacity to bind together states and citizens decreases in equal measure. The Swedish central bank’s response to these threats, which includes issuing the world’s first national digital currency, charts a course that all central banks must consider in the near future.
Experimental evaluation of line-of-sight multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission for sub-6 GHz carrier frequencies
Authors: Cvetkovski Darko , Schlegel Thomas , Grass Eckhard
Published: February 2021

For the next generation wireless networks, backhaul links with data rates of severalGbit/sare required. Line-of-Sight-MIMO with optimally arranged antennas can exploit the full multiplexing gain of orthogonal MIMO streams to achieve high throughput, as shown in recent works utilizing the 60 GHz mm wave band. In contrast, conventional MIMO systems operating at sub-6 GHz carrier frequencies, as utilized in modern WLAN networks, rely on rich scattering channels to enable reliable transmissions. In this work, we explore the feasibility of applying the LoS-MIMO concept to wireless single-carrier links operating at sub-6 GHz frequencies. For this, we investigate the sub-6 GHz LoS-MIMO channel in a 4 × 4 MIMO configuration by performing measurements in an anechoic chamber and an outdoor backhaul-like environment. In addition, different adaptive equalizers are evaluated. The results show, that the LoS-MIMO concept holds for sub-6 GHz frequencies both in pure LoS and in outdoor environments. It provides high multiplexing gain; however, the multipath propagation limits the potential performance of the equalizers in terms of achievable BER.
Grundwortschatz in der mündlichen Berufskommunikation. Empirische Untersuchung und Perspektiven für eine integrierte Vermittlung allgemein- und berufssprachlicher Kompetenzen
Authors: Meißner Cordula
Published: February 2021

Für eine Vermittlung des Deutschen als fremder Sprache, die auf einen Gebrauch der Sprache im Berufsleben vorbereiten will, stellt sich die Frage nach Möglichkeiten der Verknüpfung von allgemein- und berufssprachlicher Ausbildung. Der Beitrag stellt eine zweiteilige Korpusstudie vor, die anhand von Daten der authentischen mündlichen Kommunikation die in verschiedenen beruflichen Kontexten übergreifend gebrauchte Verblexik bestimmt und exemplarisch gemeinsame und berufsspezifische Gebrauchscharakteristika ermittelt. Eine Gegenüberstellung der Ergebnisse mit dem auf B1 (beziehungsweise A2) vermittelten Wortschatzwissen zeigt Anknüpfungspunkte für eine integrierte Vermittlung auf.
Interkulturell war gestern. Zur Vermittlung transkultureller und interprofessioneller Kompetenz in medizinischen Sprachkursen
Authors: Putzier Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Ziel des Beitrags ist es, auf für den Kontext Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) und Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ) relevante Aspekte der medizinischen Kommunikation von Ärztinnen und Ärzten hinzuweisen, die einerseits durch die Neuentwicklung von Versorgungsstrukturen (z. B. Palliativversorgung) und andererseits durch die Reformbemühungen um den Stellenwert der klinischen Kommunikationsausbildung (z. B. „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“) bedingt sind. Dazu werden Überlegungen zu einer Neuzuschneidung, Erweiterung und Ausdifferenzierung der kommunikativen Kompetenz im Kontext von medizinischer Aus- und Weiterbildung angestellt. Abschließend werden die sich hieraus ergebenden Implikationen für die Vermittlung von DaF und DaZ für Ärztinnen und Ärzte dargestellt.
Zwischen Kognition, Wahrnehmung und Sprache: ein Konzept-Repräsentations-modell zur Vorbereitung auf den sprachsensiblen Physikunterricht
Authors: Schwichow Martin , Wulff Nadja
Published: February 2021

Der Beitrag diskutiert ein Modell zur Analyse der Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen alltags- und fachsprachlichen Repräsentationen physikalischer Konzepte. Auf Grundlage der kognitiven Metapherntheorie (Lakoff/Johnson 2018) gliedert das Modell die Rekonstruktion von Schülervorstellungen in vier Analyseebenen und bereitet Lehrkräfte auf den sprachsensiblen Fachunterricht vor, indem es aufzeigt, wie Reflexion über Alltags- und Fachsprache angeregt und konzeptuelles Lernen gefördert werden kann.
In silico approach: docking study of oxindole derivatives against the main protease of COVID-19 and its comparison with existing therapeutic agents
Authors: Shah Vraj R. , Bhaliya Jaydip D. , Patel Gautam M.
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Presently, the pandemic of COVID-19 has worsened the situation worldwide and received global attention. The United States of America have the highest numbers of a patient infected by this disease followed by Brazil, Russia, India and many other countries. Moreover, lots of research is going on to find out effective vaccines or medicine, but still, no potent vaccine or drug is discovered to cure COVID-19. As a consequence, many types of research have designated that computer-based studies, such as protein–ligand interactions, structural dynamics, and chembio modeling are the finest choice due to its low cost and time-saving features. Here, oxindole derivatives have been chosen for docking because of their immense pharmacological applications like antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and so on. Molecular docking of 30 oxindole derivatives done on the crystallized structure of the protein (COVID-19 Mpro).

Methods

The process of docking, interaction, and binding the structure of ligand with protein has executed using Molegro Virtual Docker v.7.0.0 (MVD) and visualized the usage by Molegro Molecular Viewer v.7.0.0 (MMV).

Results

Among the 30 derivatives, the outcomes depicted better steric interaction and hydrogen bonding amongst OD-22 ligand, OD-16 ligand, OD-4 ligand, and OD-9 ligand (oxindole derivatives) with COVID-19. In addition to this, the comparative study of these four compounds with existing drugs that are under clinical trials shows comparatively good results in terms of its MolDock scores, H-bonding and steric interactions.

Conclusions

Hence, It is proposed that these four oxindole derivatives have good potential as a new drug against coronavirus as possible therapeutic agents.
Recovery of Pure Economic Loss in China: Current Situation, Problems and Future Prospects
Authors: Yan Yu , Faure Michael
Published: February 2021

Should pure economic loss be compensated in China? If so, to what extent? Both questions are left unsolved in the established literature. We contribute to the existing literature by showing that the Chinese courts have developed a relatively conservative attitude towards the compensation of pure economic loss and that the arguments adopted by the courts to deny recovery are neither fair nor reasonable. Using the law and economics analysis, we have recourse to four complementary solutions. First, pure economic loss cases involving socially relevant losses should be compensated. Second, when social losses are not involved, pure economic loss should also be compensated if the third parties are willing to pay or have paid for protection against such a loss. Third, to relieve the excessive pressure imposed by the compensation for such loss, the concepts of causation and the duty of the victim to mitigate damage need to be further clarified in Chinese laws. Fourth, when determining the amount of compensation for pure economic loss, we should carefully balance the trade-off among a variety of factors, including the extent to which the damage could have been foreseen, the nature of the loss, the blameworthiness of the tortfeasor, the size of the plaintiff class, the public policy toward professional standards, the victim’s private loss, the social loss, the courts’ capacities to calculate the loss, and the third parties’ willingness to pay for protection against the loss.
Poor match rates of osteopathic applicants into ACGME dermatology and other competitive specialties
Authors: Craig Elise , Brotzman Erica , Farthing Benjamin , Giesey Rachel , Lloyd Jenifer
Published: February 2021

Context

There has been a steady increase in the number of osteopathic (DO) medical students in the United States without a corresponding increase in DO representation in competitive specialties.

Objectives

To investigate the trends and impact of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) single accreditation system on DO match rates into dermatology and other competitive specialty programs.

Methods

Information was collected through public databases (Electronic Residency Application Service [ERAS]; National Resident Matching Program [NRMP]; Association of American Medical Colleges [AAMC]; National Match Service, Inc. [NMS]; and the ACGME) to evaluate the match statistics of competitive specialties, including dermatology, otolaryngology, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and plastic surgery. Residency program and medical school websites and residency communications were used to confirm whether the match placements were to programs that had traditionally been ACGME-accredited or former American Osteopathic Association (AOA) programs.

Results

From 2012 to 2016 (pre-unification), osteopathic graduates comprised only 0.5% of the matches the specific specialties studied here and only 0.9% of ACGME dermatology positions. Post-unification (2017–2019), DOs comprised 2.0% of the matches into these specialties and 4.4% of the total ACGME dermatology positions. This apparent increase is misleading, as it is solely due to the transition of formerly AOA programs to ACGME status. The true post-unification DO match rate to traditionally ACGME programs is actually 0.6% for all competitive specialties and 0.4% for dermatology. Post-unification, 27.6% of formerly AOA positions in these competitive specialties were filled by allopathic (MD) applicants.

Conclusions

DO match rates into dermatology and other competitive specialties were poor prior to GME unification and continue to remain low. This situation, when coupled with the closing of many AOA programs and MDs matching into former AOA positions, threatens the future of osteopathic physicians in competitive specialties. Osteopathic recognition is one way to potentially help preserve osteopathic representation and philosophy in the single accreditation system era. Programs should not be hesitant to consider osteopathic applicants for competitive specialties.
Reflections on the Ontology of Money
Authors: Mäki Uskali
Published: February 2021

The suggestions outlined here include the following. Money is a bundle of institutionally sustained causal powers. Money is an institutional universal instantiated in generic currencies and particular money tokens. John Searle’s account of institutional facts is not helpful for understanding the nature of money as an institution (while it may help to illuminate aspects of the nature of currencies and money particulars). The money universal is not a social convention in David Lewis’s sense (while currencies and money particulars are characterized by high degrees of conventionality). The existence of the money universal is dependent on a larger institutional structure and cannot be understood in terms of collective belief or acceptance or agreement separately focusing on money. These claims have important implications for realism about money.
Heterogeneous sets: a diachronic typology of associative and similative plurals
Authors: Mauri Caterina , Sansò Andrea
Published: February 2021

This paper provides a diachronic typology of what we call ‘heterogeneous plurals’, an overarching term comprising associative plurals (expressions meaning X[person]& company) and similative plurals (expressions meaning X and similar entities). Based on a 110-language sample, we identify the most recurrent sources of these two types of plurals by means of various types of evidence (homophony/identity, internal reconstruction, comparison with cognate languages). The two types of plurals develop out of different source types: while the sources of associative plurals include elements that work as set constructors (plural anaphoric elements, plural possessives, names meaning ‘group’), those of similative plurals comprise elements with vague reference such as interrogative/indefinite items or uncertainty markers. There are also a few source types that may develop into both associative and similative plurals, such as connectives (‘and/with’) and universal quantifiers (‘every/all’). The differences in the diachronic pathways leading to the two types of plurals are explained in terms of the different referential properties of the nominal bases from which they are formed (proper names/kin terms vs. common nouns), but also taking into account the typical discourse contexts in which the two types of plurals are employed.
The physiopathology of spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke: a systematic review
Authors: Morais Filho Alcivan Batista de , Rego Thiago Luis de Holanda , Mendonça Letícia de Lima , Almeida Sulyanne Saraiva de , Nóbrega Mariana Lima da , Palmieri Thais de Oliveira , Giustina Gabriela Zanotto Della , Melo Jáderson Pimenta , Pinheiro Francisco Irochima , Guzen Fausto Pierdoná
Published: February 2021

Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, despite being less common, it presents more aggressively and leads to more severe sequelae than ischemic stroke. There are two types of HS: Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), differing not only in the site of bleeding, but also in the mechanisms responsible for acute and subacute symptoms. This is a systematic review of databases in search of works of the last five years relating to the comprehension of both kinds of HS. Sixty two articles composed the direct findings of the recent literature and were further characterized to construct the pathophysiology in the order of events. The road to the understanding of the spontaneous HS pathophysiology is far from complete. Our findings show specific and individual results relating to the natural history of the disease of ICH and SAH, presenting common and different risk factors, distinct and similar clinical manifestations at onset or later days to weeks, and possible complications for both.
Neuronal and glial CSF biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Momtazmanesh Sara , Shobeiri Parnian , Saghazadeh Amene , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Burman Joachim , Szalardy Levente , Klivenyi Peter , Bartos Ales , Fernandes Adelaide , Rezaei Nima
Published: February 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with inflammatory demyelination and astroglial activation, with neuronal and axonal damage as the leading factors of disability. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to determine changes in CSF levels of neuronal and glial biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NFL), total tau (t-tau), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and S100B in various groups of MS (MS versus controls, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) versus controls, CIS versus MS, relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) versus progressive MS (PMS), and MS in relapse versus remission. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we included 64 articles in the meta-analysis, including 4071 subjects. For investigation of sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Meta-analyses were performed for comparisons including at least three individual datasets. NFL, GFAP, t-tau, CHI3L1, and S100B were higher in MS and NFL, t-tau, and CHI3L1 were also elevated in CIS patients than controls. CHI3L1 was the only marker with higher levels in MS than CIS. GFAP levels were higher in PMS versus RRMS, and NFL, t-tau, and CHI3L1 did not differ between different subtypes. Only levels of NFL were higher in patients in relapse than remission. Meta-regression showed influence of sex and disease severity on NFL and t-tau levels, respectively and disease duration on both. Added to the role of these biomarkers in determining prognosis and treatment response, to conclude, they may serve in diagnosis of MS and distinguishing different subtypes.
Combining sedentism and mobility in the Palaeolithic–Neolithic transition of northern China: the site of Shuidonggou locality 12
Authors: Yi Mingjie , Gao Xing , Chen Fuyou , Pei Shuwen , Wang Huimin
Published: February 2021

Scholars have long debated when the Neolithic began in China. Neolithisation, however, is a process rather than an event. It is more realistic to investigate the timing and nature of the socio-economic trajectory from mobile, microblade-using foragers to sedentary communities during the Palaeolithic–Neolithic transition in northern China. Here, the authors use artefacts from Shuidonggou locality 12 to demonstrate the socio-economic organisation of the site's inhabitants. They identify long-term site occupation by a large group exhibiting high levels of individual mobility. Comparative analyses with contemporaneous data indicate that the early stages of complex social organisation—a fundamental element of Neolithisation—emerged among microblade-using groups.
New Osmotic Tensiometer Development
Authors: Rahardjo Harianto , Shen Yuanjie , Tsen-Tieng Daryl Lee , Ramos-Rivera Johnatan , Nong Xue-Feng , Hamdany Abdul Halim
Published: February 2021

Climatic variations induce negative pore-water pressure or soil suction oscillations in unsaturated soil with daily and seasonal cycles. The dramatic suction changes of unsaturated soil in shallow depths can lead to engineering failures. However, suction measurements using conventional water-based tensiometers are limited to 98-kPa suction that is due to water cavitation. Therefore, they are not able to capture variations of high suction values near the ground surface. A newly proposed osmotic tensiometer was developed using a cross-linked polymer-water solution to allow the high suction measurement range and provide a reliable and consistent suction response under long-term field monitoring. The unique swelling behavior of the polymer-water solution extends the suction measurement capacity to suction values above 1.5 MPa. Laboratory verification and calibration were carried out with centrifuge (covers the lower range of suction measurement from 0.66 to 250 kPa) and WP4C potentiometer (covers the higher range of suction measurement beyond 250 kPa). The proposed osmotic tensiometer can measure rapid suction changes during drying and wetting paths. Long-term laboratory monitoring using the submerged osmotic tensiometer in a deionized water reservoir demonstrated reliable and consistent suction measurements. Osmotic pressure decay was observed after a long testing period because of the leakage of polymer particles through the high air-entry ceramic disc. A series of parametric studies was performed to explore the optimal tensiometer configuration to minimize the pressure decay. Polymer adsorption measurements from ultraviolet-visible spectrometry were used to quantify the polymer leakage. The newly proposed osmotic tensiometer is expected to capture field suction changes that are due to rainfall precipitation (wetting) and evaporation (drying) and provide long-term, accurate, and consistent suction measurements for geotechnical engineering applications.
Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System on Trial
Authors: Butt Simon
Published: February 2021

This article discusses flaws of Indonesia’s criminal procedural laws through an analysis of the Jessica Wongso case. After a televised trial in 2016, Wongso was convicted of murdering her friend Salihin, by putting cyanide in her coffee at a Jakarta café, and sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment. The conviction was upheld on appeal in late 2018. The police obtained very limited evidence against Wongso, leaving prosecutors unable to determine the cause of Salihin’s death, much less to prove convincingly that Wongso was the perpetrator. By contrast, the defense mustered significant exculpatory evidence. But the judges, at first instance and on appeal, took an uncritical view of the prosecution evidence and ignored the defense case. Throughout the investigation and trial, Wongso was not accorded the presumption of innocence, partly because of Indonesia’s flawed or absent formal legal infrastructure for arrests, detentions, searches, and disclosure of prosecution evidence to the defense. It is also because highly prejudicial press coverage before and during trials is not prohibited and because judges lack professionalism. All this suggests a strong need for reform—not only to Indonesia’s criminal procedure law, but also to the way it is applied in practice.
Primary hyperparathyroidism and Zollinger Ellison syndrome during pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Ali Dalal , Divilly Patrick , Prichard Ruth , O’Toole Dermot , O’Shea Donal , Crowley Rachel K
Published: February 2021

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare inherited endocrine disorder with a high rate of penetrance. The incidence of MEN1 is 1/30,000 in the general population; however, it is quite rare for a patient to present for medical attention with MEN1 for the first time in pregnancy. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most common features of MEN1. The incidence of PHPT occurring in pregnancy is 1%. Despite advances in the medical, surgical and obstetric care over the years, management of this condition during pregnancy may be challenging. It can be difficult to identify pregnant women with PHPT requiring intervention and to monitor safely. Hypercalcemia can result in significant maternal and fetal adverse outcomes including: miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, neonatal hypocalcaemia, pre-eclampsia and maternal nephrolithiasis. Herein, we present a case study of a lady with a strong family history of MEN1, who was biochemically proven to have PHPT and evidence of Zollinger Ellison Syndrome (ZE) on endoscopy. This patient delayed her assisted pregnancy plans for in vitro fertilization (IVF) until completion of the MEN1 workup; nevertheless, she spontaneously achieved an unplanned pregnancy. As a result, she required intervention with parathyroidectomy in the second trimester of her pregnancy as her calcium level continued to rise. This case study highlights the workup, follow up and management of MEN1 presenting with PHPT and ZE in pregnancy.

Learning points

Women of childbearing age who are suspected to have a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism ideally should have genetic testing and avoid pregnancy until definitive plans are in place.

Zollinger Ellison syndrome in pregnancy means off-label use of high dose of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Use of PPI in pregnancy is considered to be safe based on retrospective studies. Omeprazole, however, is FDA class C drug because of lack of large prospective studies or large case series during pregnancy.

Calcium supplements in the form of calcium carbonate must be converted to calcium chloride by gastric acid in order to be absorbed, however, patients rendered achlorhydric as a result of PPI use will have impaired absorption of calcium. Therefore, use of calcium citrate might be considered a better option in this case.
Recurrent follicular thyroid carcinoma metastatic to axillary lymph nodes mimicking pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kim Stephanie J , Bomberg Eric Morris , Menke Joshua , Russell Marika , Murphy Elizabeth J
Published: February 2021

Differentiated thyroid cancers generally have favorable prognoses, though follicular thyroid cancer is overall associated with a worse prognosis due in part to increased incidence of distant metastasis. We report a case of a 51-year-old woman with a history of widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma treated with a total thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine and external beam radiation. Five and a half years following her surgery, she was found to have an axillary lymph node mass, multiple lung masses, and a hilar mass in the setting of declining thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies. Her metastases were initially thought to be due to a primary lung adenocarcinoma given a neoplastic cell immunophenotype that included an absence of Tg expression and co-expression of TTF-1 and Napsin A. However, PAX8 expression demonstrated that the axillary and hilar metastases were actually thyroid in origin rather than lung. Axillary metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma are exceedingly rare and previous reports have typically involved widely disseminated disease with extensive neck lymphadenopathy. With a decline in Tg antibodies levels in high-risk patients, one should consider progression and loss of differentiation of thyroid carcinoma rather than a response to treatment.

Learning points:

Axillary metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma are uncommon.

In patients with high-risk thyroid carcinomas, a decline in thyroglobulin antibody may not signal disease improvement, but rather a progression to a poorly differentiated form of cancer.

PAX8 staining can be used to differentiate thyroid carcinomas from lung adenocarcinomas.
Islamic Social Reporting and Halal Business Performance
Authors: Budiandru Budiandru
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Islamic social reporting (ISR) is used to assess a company's social performance based on Islamic principles. Islamic social performance reports will influence investors' decisions in investing. This research is to analyze factors influencing the Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility report. Data is obtained from the annual reports of 44 companies in the halal industry sector from 2013-2018, and analyzed using the Random Effect Model (REM) method. In this research, interest on debt-based Sharia Screening (SS) is divided by total assets with a maximum tolerance of 45 percent; the companies’ net-based Profitability (PRV) is divided by the total assets (ROA), and total debt-based leverage (LEV) is divided by equity (DER). The result is that Sharia Screening, Profitability, and Leverage affect ISR reporting. Increasing sharia screening and leverage will decrease ISR reporting, while increasing profitability will increase ISR reporting. Thus, the increase and decrease in this variable affect the companies’ decision to report the ISR. Therefore, companies must improve their financial performance to improve corporate social responsibility disclosure quality, which is very important for stakeholders in investing. Keywords: Islamic Social Reporting, Random Effect Model, Sharia Screening, Profitability, Leverage Abstrak. Pelaporan sosial Islam digunakan untuk menilai kinerja sosial perusahaan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Islam. Laporan kinerja sosial Islam akan mempengaruhi keputusan investor dalam berinvestasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi laporan sosial Islam dengan menggunakan 44 perusahaan sektor industri halal, data tahunan tahun 2013-2018, dan menggunakan metode random effect model (REM). Syariah Screening (SS) berbasis pada hutang bunga dibagi total aset dengan toleransi maksimal 45 persen, Profitabilitas (PRV) berbasis pada laba bersih perusahaan dibagi total aset (ROA), dan leverage (LEV) berbasis pada total hutang dibagi ekuitas (DER). Hasilnya adalah syariah screening, profitabilitas, dan leverage mempengaruhi pelaporan sosial Islam. Peningkatan syariah screening dan leverage akan menurunkan pelaporan ISR, sedangkan peningkatan profitabilitas akan meningkatkan pelaporan ISR. Dengan demikian kenaikan dan penurunan variabel ini mempengaruhi keputusan perusahaan untuk melaporkan ISR. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan harus meningkatkan kinerja keuangannya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelaporan sosial Islam yang sangat penting bagi stakeholders dalam berinvestasi. Kata kunci: Pelaporan Sosial Islam, Random Effect Model, Syaria Screening, Profitabilitas, Leverage
Pengaruh Rentabilitas, Efisiensi, dan Likuiditas Terhadap Kecukupan Modal Bank Umum Syariah: Study Pada PT Bank Syariah Mandiri Tbk
Authors: Fatimah Siti
Published: February 2021

The Influence of Rentability, Efficiency, Liquidity To Capital Adequacy Ratio in Islamic Bank: Study at PT Bank Syariah Mandiri. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of rentability (ROA), efficiency (BOPO), and liquidity (FDR) to Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) in short-run and long-run. The method analysis that used in this study is VECM method. The result was shown that ROA had a significant negative influence to CAR, BOPO had a significant positive influence to CAR, and FDR had a significant negative influence to CAR. There were a long-run correlation between BOPO and FDR to CAR, and there were a short-run correlation between ROA, BOPO, FDR to CAR. DOI:10.15408/aiq.v6i1.136810.15408/ijies.v6i1.1367
Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Peningkatan Jumlah Peserta Asuransi: Studi Di AJB Bumiputera 1912 Divisi Syariah
Authors: Salamudin Salamudin
Published: February 2021

The Influence of Promotion Cost to The Increasing of Number Participants: Study at AJB Bumiputera 1912 Shariah Division. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of promotion costs to increase in the number of insurance participants. The analysis technique used is linear regression. The results indicate that there are significant show promotion costs to increase in the number of participants who use the benefits of insurance products Iqro Partner ‘of AJB Bumiputera 1912 Division Sharia. In promotional activities the Joint Life Insurance Company (AJB) Bumiputera 1912 Sharia to attract people is through media advertising and sales activities of the agent, of all existing forms of promotion Joint Life Insurance Company (AJB) prefers Sharia Bumiputera 1912 even most promotional activities performed by private sale (personal selling)  DOI:10.15408/aiq.v6i1.1372
Підвищення термодинамічної ефективності виробництва і використання діоксиду вуглецю
Authors: Лавренченко Г.К. , Грудка Б.Г.
Published: February 2021

У цій статті досліджується комплекс проблем, починаючи від отримання газоподібного діоксиду вуглецю з різних джерел постачання та завершуючи аналізом характеристик вуглекислотних установок. Удосконалення вуглекислотних установок безпосередньо пов'язано з підвищенням ефек­тивності застосовуваних в них процесів, способів і схем. Приділено увагу економічному отриманню СО2 з продуктів згорання природного газу. Пропонується заміна в абсорбційно-десорбційній установці абсорбенту МЕА на абсорбент МДЕА (метилдіетаноламін), що дозволить заощадити гріючий пар і зменшити кратність циркуляції розчину. Розглянуто два типи вуглекислотних стан­цій, що працюють на природному газі: традиційної технологічної побудови; і з новими схемами, в яких застосовуються процеси когенерації та тригенерації. В даний час вважається, що доцільніше виробляти один універсальний продукт – низькотемпературний рідкий діоксид вуглецю, який легко можна трансформувати в будь-який інший його вид і необхідний стан. Обґрунтовано зниження енергетичних витрат в установках традиційного типу. На їх основі можна проводити модернізацію і реконструкцію існуючих вуглекислотних станцій. Показано, що при використанні продуктів згорання від стороннього джерела, наприклад, котельні установки, вуглекислотна станція для виробництва тієї ж кількості низькотемпературного рідкого діоксиду вуглецю буде витрачати, як мінімум, на 30% менше природного газу. Включення когенераційної установки до складу вуглекислотної станції дозволить одночасно виробляти крім рідкого діоксиду вуглецю, також електроенергію і теплоту. Утилізація теплових потоків в такій вуглекислотній станції може здійснюватися в паротурбінній установці, яка генерує додатково до 40% електроенергії. Видалення кисню з димових газів і повне осушення і очищення викидного потоку з абсорбера дозволяє отримати чистий газоподібний азот як додатковий продукт. Ексергетичний ККД запропонованого енерготехнологічного комплексу досягає 40%, тобто в 10 разів перевищує його значення для традиційних вуглекислотних станцій
Конденсаційна генерація тиску в літієвих контурних теплових трубах
Authors: Роганков О.В.
Published: February 2021

Звичайні і контурні теплові труби відносяться до найбільш ефективних способів передачі тепла від таких джерел, як активна зона ядерного реактора. Конвективні потоки маси і теплоти, утворені у випарнику, передаються конденсатору потоком пари робочої речовини, яка розширюється (v), і потім сконденсована рідина (l) повертається у випарник через вузькі пористі канали ґніту. Зміна капілярного тиску в ґноті вважається єдиним (крім опціонного впливу гравітації) рушійним фактором для повернення рідини і забезпечення стійкої роботи теплової труби. У даній статті обґрунтовується наявність додаткового рушійного фактора, так званого конденсаційного теплового насосу, у будь-яких реальних випарно-конденсаційних циклах при відносно невеликих перепадах температури і тиску. Це підтверджується детальним розглядом контурної теп­лової труби з літієвим теплоносієм та її термодинамічного циклу, який функціонує головним чином в області вологої та перегрітої пари. В роботі проведено аналіз способів передачі тепла від активної зони реактору, визначено обмежуючі фактори та наведено можливі шляхи їх усунення у реалізації малогабаритних потужних автономних джерел енергії. У згаданому контексті розглянуто особливості та переваги роботи контурних теплових труб у порівнянні з протиточними тепловими трубами і надана нова інтерпретація їх термодинамічного циклу. Вона заснована на результатах нещодавніх робіт [10-12], в яких обґрунтовується існування області гетерогенних станів перегрітої парової фази, так званої v-інтерфази. Показана асиметрія (незворотність) теплоти фазового переходу дозволяє ввести таке поняття, як конденсаційний тепловий насос в доповнення до капілярного насосу ґніту теплових труб. Запропоновано модифіковані способи оцінки оптимальних температур робочих циклів з урахуванням зазначених термодинамічних ефектів