bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Characterization of SS316L Foam Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Route
Authors: Mat Noor Fazimah , Jamaluddin Khairur Rijal , Ahmad Sufizar , Ibrahim Rosdi , Mad Rosip Noor Idayu
Published: February 2014

Open cell foams, made on the basis of polyurethane foams replication method are well known and had been widely used since decades. The advantage of the network-like metal foams is it exhibits a natural bone-like structure which enables ingrowth of bone cells and blood vessels. The aim of the present study is to develop SS316L foam with an open cell structure by using powder metallurgy routes via foam replication method. The SS316L slurry was produced by mixing SS316L powder with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), Methylcellulose (CMC) and distilled water. The composition of the SS316L powder in the slurry was varied from 40 to 60 wt. %. Then, polymeric foam template was impregnated in SS316L slurry and dried at room temperature. Sintering was carried out in a high temperature vacuum furnace at 1300°C. The microstructure of the SS316L foam produced was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the elemental analysis was carried by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). It was found that pore size are within 200-400μm and the average pore size is 293μ. The detected elements in the SS316L foam were C, Al, Ca, O, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ni and Si.
Deformation Characteristics of Concrete Containing High Volume Palm Oil Fuel Ash
Authors: Awal A.S.M. Abdul , Shehu I.A.
Published: February 2014

With the increasing building activities in both developed and developing countries, the utilization of supplementary cementing materials will continue to increase in the years to come because of their technical, economical and ecological advantages. One of such pozzolanic materials is palm oil fuel ash (POFA) which has been identified to be a good cement substitute in mortar and concrete mixes. This paper highlights some laboratory test results on the deformation characteristics of concrete containing high volume palm oil fuel ash. Concrete specimens containing 50% POFA were made and tested for compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, shrinkage and creep. The results were compared with that of control specimen i.e. concrete made with 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC). It has been observed that POFA concrete had lower compressive strength compared to OPC concrete. Along with lower strength development, the modulus of elasticity of concrete containing 50% ash was found to be lower. Although a relatively higher creep strain was been recorded in POFA concrete, there has been no significant difference of drying shrinkage in concrete with or without palm oil fuel ash.
A Geometric Approach to the Decoupling Control and to Speed up the Dynamics of a General Rigid Body Manipulation System
Authors: Mercorelli Paolo
Published: February 2014

This contribution deals with a new analysis of a rigid body manipulation system. It is based on the well–knowngeometric control of system dynamics. In such a framework some typical problems in robotics are mathematicallyformalized and analyzed. The outcomes are so general that it is possible to speak of structural properties in roboticmanipulation. The problem of non-interacting force/motion control is investigated. A generalized linear model is usedand a careful analysis is made. The main result consists in proposing a task–oriented choice of the controlled outputs,for which the structural non-interaction property holds for a wide class of manipulation systems. Moreover, a decoupledlinear model predictive control is proposed which uses a pre-selecting matrix to speed up the dynamics of the mechanisms.The pre-selecting matrix enables to considers subspaces which correspond to the eigenvectors of decoupled system tospeed up the dynamic of the considered mechanism.
Studies on Wastewater Treatment Using Solar Photocatalysis in Oman
Authors: Feroz S. , Jesil Anna , Baawain Mahad , Sarkar J.P.
Published: February 2014

The demand for water in Sultanate of Oman is rapidly growing due to fast urbanization as well population growth. Oman depends on ground water and its limited rainfall for around 65% of its water supplies with desalinated water making up the remaining 35%. Oman is considered to be water stress country with an average annual rainfall of 100 mm and it is also predicted that water demand exceeds renewable sources by 25% due to decline in water levels and saline intrusion in coastal aquifers. In addition to the natural water resources available much emphasis is also given for desalination, municipal and oil produced treated water for the countrys requirement. Many techniques are used for treatment of pollutants in wastewater; solar photocatalysis is one such technique that is gaining popularity in the recent past. Oman is blessed with highest solar intensity in the world and hence the focus is on harnessing solar energy for various purposes including in wastewater treatment. This paper discusses the research output on the performance of solar photocatalysis wastewater treatment in Oman.
The Development of Remote Monitoring and Diagnostic System for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Shi Chun , Li Ming
Published: February 2014

Electric vehicle, drove by motor, has the advantages of low energy consumption, zero emissions and high comfort. Nowadays, electric vehicle, at home and abroad, have a rapid development. However, we dont effective optimize the vehicle performance and the parts when vehicle is operating. Based on the GPS (Global Position System), 3G(The 3rd Generation Telecommunication), CAN(Controller Area Network) technology, this paper design the remote monitoring and diagnostic system. This paper makes some explanation on the design of remote monitoring and diagnostic system and the function of collecting information, monitoring, storage, fault diagnosis and alarm. Experimental show, this system has the characteristics about good interaction, high real-time, high precision and stability and so on, which can be widely used in vehicle remote monitoring.
Study of Power Generation System Based on Black Smokers
Authors: Liang Ze De , Wang Shu Jie
Published: February 2014

The OTEC system of the paper studying is different with the traditional OTEC system, which takes the marine geothermal energy (black smokers) as the heat source, takes cold seawater of deep sea as the cold source. The paper analyzes and calculates some parameters of open-circle system which uses water vapor as the working fluid and the closed-circle system which uses pure ammonia as the working fluid, those parameters include thermal efficiency, heat load of condenser and evaporator, pump power consumption, and the net power output. The results show that: with the closed-circle system which uses pure ammonia as the working fluid, the large power consumption of hot water pump is the biggest problem for the open-circle system, besides reducing the temperature of hot fluid and increasing the flash pressure are disadvantageous for open-circle system; but water vapor as the working fluid helps to reduce the load of condenser and evaporator, which is very advantageous for heat exchanger design.
A System Dynamic (SD) Model for Logistics Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Chong , Du Jing , Xu Ling
Published: February 2014

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) plays a role before the logistics planning carrying out, which can effectively avoid environmental problems caused by strategic errors. This paper adopts system dynamic software to set up SD model, and takes Dalians logistics planning as a case. Six alternative scenarios based on the plannings goal and direction are simulated. It is found that the integrated scenario turns out to be the best scenario, and this work can provide scientific decision basis for governments.
A Review and Perspective on Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizer in China
Authors: Gu Nan , Zhao Lan Po , Zhao Xing Min
Published: February 2014

slow and controlled release fertilizer; Development progress; Application status; suggestionAbstract: Slow and Controlled release fertilizer is a new fertilizer, which only improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, labor-saving, but also solves the problems of environmental pollution caused by common chemical fertilizer. Moreover, it has important significance in sustainable agriculture development. Based on the study of slow and controlled release fertilizer, we summarized a large number of research materials at home and abroad, comprehensive elaborated the development progress of slow and controlled release fertilizer in China, and reviewed the utilization efficiency of fertilizer in different corps. On this basis, we put forward suggestions for resolving present problems in China.
Accounting and Analysis of CO2 Emission from Ceramics Industry
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zheng Shuang , Liu Hai Yan , Duo Yong
Published: February 2014

It is great significant to make clear of CO2 emission from ceramics industry in China because China is an important country producing ceramics. Unfortunately, few works on the accounting and analysis of CO2 emission from Chinese ceramics enterprise have been reported so far. In this work, the accounting methods of CO2 emission from Chinese ceramic industry were developed and used to calculate CO2 emission from the ceramics enterprise A and B. The results showed; the total CO2 emission of enterprise A was ca. 55227.6 tCO2 in 2012 and that of enterprise B was ca. 58428.9 tCO2. These enterprises were the key CO2 emission enterprise that should control their emission in China. CO2 emssion of these two enterprises mainly came from fossil fuel combustion and the electricity consumption for ceramics production. The distribution of direct emission and indirect emission was dependent on the conditions of energy consumption.
Analysis and Practice of Cleaner Production in a Wastepaper Papermaking Enterprise
Authors: Wang Mei , Yang Ming , Pi Ke Wu , Gao Lin Xia
Published: February 2014

Cleaner production is one of sustainable development approaches for wastepaper papermaking industry. Current situation of a wastepaper papermaking enterprise was analyzed, and it showed that the unit product energy consumption, pollutant generation had large cleaner production potential. 16 cleaner production solutions were generated through material balance analysis, advanced technologies collection, experts consultation and other ways. After the plans were carried out, 7.83% of pollutants were cut down, 7.62% of energy was saved, 1.57% of waste paper was reduced, 1.68% of dry fiber raw material was decreased, and 8.80% of reused industrial water increased equally. Cleaner production was an effective way for wastepaper papermaking industry to save energy, reduce energy consumption, reduce pollution, and increase benefit.
Assessment of Sediment Quality in Jiangsu Coastal Ocean Based on Grey Clustering Method
Authors: Chu Ke Jian , Tan Min
Published: February 2014

Thirty-nine samples of surface sediments obtained from Jiangsu coastal ocean were analysed to evaluate the sediment quality. The grey clustering method is applied to assess the sediment quality and generate the classified results. Then the samples are classified into three categories (clean, light pollution and heavy pollution). Of all the thirty-nine samples, there are eleven clean samples, twenty light pollution samples, and eight heavy pollution samples. The results show that the pollution status has the regional feature of concentrating distribution. By analysing underlying reasons, pollutants discharging into the sea due to increased industrial and agricultural activities contributed to the contamination. Therefore, more emphasis should be paid on the surface tidal flat sediment environment administration, especially on the treatment of pollution source for improving the sediment quality. It is very important to enhance the marine environmental protection for sustainable development of coastal area.
Characteristics of Organochlorine Pesticides Residues and Research Progress of Migration and Transformation in Soil
Authors: Chen Gong Ning , Liang Yan Peng , Qin Li Tang , Zeng Hong Hu
Published: February 2014

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), which is widely distributed in the environment, long residual period, semi volatile, high toxicity of persistent organic pollutants (pops), can migrate for long distances through a variety of environmental medias. In this study, we introduced the OCPs on the ways of pollution in the environmental soil and its characteristics of residues. We discussed the migration and transformation of OCPs in the environmental soil.
Discussions on Several Key Problems of the Control and Planning of Total Amount of Marine Pollutant
Authors: Dai Juan Juan , Wang Jin Keng , Zhang Jie , Wang Cui
Published: February 2014

This study focuses on several key problems of the control and planning of total amount of marine pollutant. In this study, the definition of the concept and tasks of the control and planning of total amount of marine pollutant, as well as the time and spatial scale of the planning, is put forward. It also discusses the relationship of the planning with other related plans. The key points of the control and planning of total amount of marine pollutant are established, such as the purpose, guiding thoughts and principles. The technology roadmap of the planning is developed. These above discussions lay a theoretical foundation for the compilation of the control and planning of total amount of marine pollutant.
Risk Control Measures for Environmental Protection of Guangxi Coastal Waters
Authors: Yan Song Yin , Zhou Tu Qiang , Jiang Hui Yuan
Published: February 2014

In order to make a better environment for navigation, corresponding risk should be reduced to an acceptable level. This paper has introduced the concept of risk control, obtained risk control measures of maritime traffic safety based on two steps of risk control and characteristic of maritime traffic safety. Specific control measures are put forward from two aspects: decreasing accident frequency and reducing accident consequence. Additionally, an utility evaluation on risk control measures of Guangxi coastal waters has been carried on, and the best three measures with highest utility value have been given.
Study on Water Plugging Technology by Emulsified Viscous Oil in Block Jin16
Authors: Sui Fu Dong , Cao Guang Sheng , Ma Chun Bao , Ma Xiao
Published: February 2014

Water plugging by emulsified viscous oil s a kind of advanced technology with high selectivity, which causes little damage to reservoir and brings high economic benefit for oil wells. Through a series of simulation experiments in the laboratory, the effects of temperature, water ratio, salinity, the emulsifier concentration, the viscosity of crude oil on the emulsion viscosity is studied, also long-term stability of emulsion. The following analysis of the experimental data makes the main factor affecting water plugging by emulsified heavy oil clear. By the Indoor core simulation experiment, this paper determines changes of pressure, recovery and breakthrough pressure and studies injection capacity of emulsified crude oil and sealing performance to ensure reasonable injection parameters.
The Removal of Typical Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Drinking Water Process in South China
Authors: Li Xun Chao , Li Cong , Li Qing Song
Published: February 2014

The effect of different water treatment processes on the removal of four typical endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2),was investigated. Samples including influents and effluents of different unit processes were taken. Influents and effluents of every treatment process were detected by solid phase extraction (SPE) and high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC). The removal rates of natural (E1, E2, and E3) and synthetic estrogen (EE2) in summer are higher than those in winter. Moreover, the removal rates of four typical EDCs in disinfection process are higher than those in coagulation and sedimentation process.
The Design and Development of Bamboo-Baking Ovens Appropriate for Handicraft
Authors: Sikka Sakchai
Published: February 2014

This is a research in the style of research and development. The researcher conducted fieldwork by collecting data on the current situation of and problems in bamboo-baking in 10 provinces. Then the data were analyzed to find out about the forms of ovens and quality of each type of baking in order to compare the baking quality. Moreover, the data were used in a brainstorm with 12 participators consisting of entrepreneurs and those who are concerned. All the data from the study were used in the determination of the basic requirements for the experiment of designing and creating 4 model ovens. The fourth is the one that has been tested and proved to be suitable for usage in the manufacturing processes of bamboo handicraft, both wickerwork and furniture. In the experiment of preventing the eating of weevils and other insects, it was found that during 6 months, no evidence of such eating was found, which corresponds to the determined standard.
The Life Cycle Assessment of a Polypropylene Product, Part A: Raw Materials, Manufacturing and Disposal Scenario
Authors: Kandananond Karin
Published: February 2014

The life cycle of a polypropylene stacking chair is assessed in order to represent the environmental impact of a plastic product. The analysis is categorized into two phases, manufacturing and disposing. The manufacturing process of a chair concerns a prime material, polypropylene (PP) granulate, an injection molding process and a resource, electricity. According to the assessment, the PP granulate seems to contribute the highest impact on the environment in term of the fossil fuel used. Afterwards, the landfill method is used in the disposal scenario of waste, and the analysis shows that the highest impact comes in the form of carcinogens followed by ecotoxicity.
Study on Adjustable Head Fall Mixer with Grids
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Wang Jia Min
Published: February 2014

The performance of adjustable head fall mixer is studied in a pilot experiment. Experimental results indicate that the dispersal efficiency increases with the space between grids and mixing pipe, which could be up to 96%. When the flow rate increases more than 31%, the dispersal efficiency decreases a little but still above 96%. It is demonstrated that special coagulant injection head makes significant contribution to improving the mixer efficiency. The almost same turbidity of sedimentation effluent could be achieved with less coagulant, thus 30% chemical can be saved. Dissolved oxygen increases 2.5 mg/L in the mixing unit, which will benefit the following processes.
Novel SCR Technique for DMCC Engine Emissions Control
Authors: Liu Bing Shan
Published: February 2014

The diesel methanol combinational combustion (DMCC) engine with methanol fumigation has been shown considerable petroleum-saving potential and obvious fuel cost reduction. However, the DMCC engine emissions have been deteriorated severely. The selective catalyst reduction (SCR) schemes therefore were investigated to find out the suitable solution for the DMCC engine emissions improving. As a result, the novel urea-SCR system with V2O5/TiO2 catalyst and Ag-Al2O3 catalyst coexisting maybe become the promising technical solution for DMCC engine emissions control.
Comparision of Treatment Performance for Fruit and Vegetable Waste (FVW) by Single-Phase and Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Mu Hui , Zhao Yu Xiao , Hua Dong Liang , Zhang Xiao Dong , Li Yan , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2014

The characteristics and the utilization situation of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) were analyzed, and a detailed research conducted on FVW treatment process techniques of single-phase and two-phase anaerobic digestion were summarized. Then the advantages and disadvantages between these two processing techniques are reviewed, respectively. Furthermore, future trends in research and development of FVW treatment process technology have also been briefly discussed, which would provide some new ideas for processing FVW.
Research on Dynamic Mechanism of Green Coal Mine Construction
Authors: Guo Jia
Published: February 2014

The green coal mines is the only way to change the extensive development mode of the coal mines.After analysis of dynamic formation mechanism of the green coal mine construction,this paper thinks the impetus of the green coal mine construction includes external impetus and internal impetus,where external impetus includes government support,environmental protection pressure,the degree of regional capital market maturity and technology innovation system of coal industry and internal impetus includes the drive of responsibility and interest,the ensuring strength of organization and culture,the enterprises technology innovation system and the sustainable development ability.This paper proposes a dynamic factors interaction model of green coal mine construction and some suggestions to construct green coal mines.
The Analysis of the Coal Floor Water Inrush Effected by the Fault
Authors: Zhang Yun Xun , Hu She Rong , Peng Ji Chao , Zhang Xue Qing
Published: February 2014

Water inrush from coal floor is some kind of complex geology and mining phenomenon. It is the confined water underlying the coal seams breaking the barrier of the bottom layer, and the water runs into the face of mine in emergencies or delayed, causing natural disasters like discharge increases or flooding. According to the previous studies on water inrush, the water inrush is a joint result of geological structure, water pressure, mine pressure, water-resisting floor and mining of working face. The thesis focuses on the influence of geological fault on the water-inrush from coal floor and analyses the controlling effects of fault property and non-water conducted fault activation of water in order to provide a reference or significance for the analysis of water-inrushs genesis mechanism.
Adsorption of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using Nano β-FeOOH and β-FeOOH/-Surfactant-Modified Zeolites
Authors: Wang Wen Si , Zeng Yu Bin , Deng Qing Quan , Pan Jia Wen
Published: February 2014

Abstract. The effects of various parameters and the adsorption isotherms for the Cr(VI) removal by nano β-FeOOH and its innovative composite material with surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) modified zeolite (β-FeOOH/SMZ) were investigated and compared by batch adsorption experiments. The structure information and surface images of nano β-FeOOH and β-FeOOH/SMZ were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). From the experimental work, both β-FeOOH and β-FeOOH/SMZ were effective adsorbents in Cr (VI) removal, while β-FeOOH/SMZ was found to show higher adsorptivity than β-FeOOH. Additionally, the isotherm experimental data fits the Langmuir adsorption isotherm more closely, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on β-FeOOH and β-FeOOH/SMZ can attain 20.79 mg/g and 22.08 mg/g, respectively.
Development of Adsorbent Material from Tamarind-Seed Testa for Reactive Dye Adsorption
Authors: Chaiyapongputti Podjanalak , Sae-Bae Porntip , Setthayanond Jantip , Munsuwan Pacharamon
Published: February 2014

In this research, the adsorbent material was developed from the agricultural waste, tamarind-seed testa. The adsorption of 6 different reactive dyes viz. Procion Red H-E7B, Procion Yellow H-E4R, Procion Navy H-ER, Remazol Brilliant Red F3B gran, Remazol Yellow 3BS-A 150% and Remazol Black B 133%, on the adsorbent prepared from tamarind-seed testa was investigated. The chemical composition analysis showed that the major components in the tamarind-seed testa were lignin and carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose). When the bleached tamarind-seed testa was used as an adsorbent, it was found to efficiently adsorb the reactive dyes at pH 2 without any assisting mechanical agitation. The reactive dye exhibiting ultimate adsorption on the adsorbent was Procion Navy H-ER (66.3 mg/g). A high rate of dye adsorbed capacity was noticed in the first hour and the equilibrium adsorption was reached within 3 hours.
Optimization of Surfactant and Polymer for SP Flooding of Zahra Oil
Authors: Lv Peng , Li Ming Yuan , Lin Mei Qin
Published: February 2014

Producing ultra-low interfacial tensions and maintaining high viscosity is the most important mechanism relating to SP flooding for enhanced oil recovery. The interfacial tension between surfactant (PJZ-2 and BE)/polymer solution and Zahra oil was evaluated in the work. Based on the evaluatiojn of interfacial tension, the polymer FP6040s/surfactant BE system was selected as the SP flooding system for Zahra oil field.
Reasonable Injection Parameters for the Polymer Flooding Research in the Putaohua I1~2 Oil Layer of Xing IV Area
Authors: Wang Li Jun , Li Lin Qiang
Published: February 2014

In order to increase the oil production and ultimate recovery of Xingbei area of Daqing oil field, according to the geologic conditions of Xingbei region .The reasonable injection parameters of polymer flooding were discussed considering geologic information , experiments in lab, economic benefit . The study consists of analyzing the law governing of the remaining oil in Xingbei. By applying the methods of the combination of geological modeling and simulation for analyzing different polymer molecular weight, concentration, dosage and injection rate. concludes the influence of different injection parameters to ultimate oil recovery, This paper provides a theoretical basis and experimental support for apricot north polymer flooding of Xingbei area of Daqing oilfield .
Effects of Different Organic Carbon Sources on Properties of LiFePO4/C Synthesized by Spray-Drying
Authors: Lu Cheng , Chen Lin , Chen Yun Bo , Gu Yi Jie , Wang Meng , Zuo Ling Li , Zhang Zhao , Chen Qi An , Liu Hong Quan , Wang Yan Min
Published: February 2014

LiFePO4/C materials were synthesized by spray-drying using FePO4·2H2O, LiOH·H2O as raw materials, with three kinds of organic carbon sources: soluble starch, crystal sugar and glucose. The particle size, tap density, specific surface area, morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the LiFePO4/C were tested and analyzed. The results indicate that the organic carbon source has no effect on the phase of LiFePO4, but has a remarkable influence on the tap density and specific surface area of LiFePO4. The LiFePO4/C synthesized with crystal sugar and glucose has higher tap density, smaller particle size and specific surface area. The LiFePO4/C synthesized with the glucose as the carbon source exhibited the most excellent electrochemical performance. The discharge capacities are 160.6, 148.5 and 114.1mAh/g respectively at 0.1C, 1C and 5C. Under low temperature 253K, the discharge capacity is 56.2% of that at 298K with 0.2C.
Optimized Vatting Condition Study for Natural Indigo Dyeing on Silk Yarn
Authors: Ujjin Suchada , Setthayanond Jantip
Published: February 2014

This research studied the optimized dyeing conditions for natural indigo dye (Indigofera tinctoria) on silk yarn. Vatting of natural indigo dye was investigated under different temperatures and times and the natural dyeing auxiliaries were used i.e. tamarind and ash solutions. The results informed the optimum vatting condition for the indigo dye at 90°C for 30 minutes and the optimum pH was 12. The sugars in tamarind solution was expected to work as a reducing agent for dye vatting whereas the ash solution derived from banana barks was used as an alkalinity controller. Dyeing silk yarns with leuco indigo dye under a short time (5 minutes) provided a complete dye distribution with satisfactory color strength on silk and very good fastness properties.
The Influence of Total Hardness on Chlorine Decay in Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Liu Jing Qing , Jiang Wei , Wu Jian Min , Li Cong
Published: February 2014

Free chlorine decay is a main issue in drinking water treatment since free chlorine concentration is a common indicator in drinking water security. The current view of free chlorine decay is that the process is mainly affected by the natural organic matter in water, temperature and initial chlorine concentration, on which temperature has the most evidently effect. As is generally accepted, total hardness has no effect on it. This paper investigated the impact of water hardness on the chlorine decay. The influence of varying metal ions concentrations which contribute to water hardness on effective chlorine decay constants was assessed. The results implied that total hardness had an evidently influences on the chlorine decay in tap water or DI water. For the range of metal ions concentration in this experiment effective chlorine decay constants ranged from an increase by +182% to +349% from the different concentration of metal ions.
An Empirical Study of Two Numerical Models for Wind Resource Simulation in Complex Terrain
Authors: Wei Zhen , Deng Yuan Chang , Zhang Wei , Yang Zheng Hao
Published: February 2014

The choice of wind measured data and numerical simulation method has an important impact on the results of wind resource assessment. This paper will take a wind farm, in Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province, for an example and discuss the simulation accuracy by linear model WAsP and nonlinear model based on simulation software Fluent. First of all, contrast mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) about simulated wind speed under four kinds of wind conditions, which are simulated by four sets of wind data in WAsP, and then select the wind data with the smallest . Then, using WAsP and CFD method simulates wind field by the optimal wind data. Compare simulated wind speed and annual generation capacity. In this paper, the simulated wind speed in the simulation model CFD based on Fluent is closer to the measured wind speed. The MAPE of wind speed and annual generation capacity by CFD model is smaller than that by WAsP. Therefore, for the wind resource assessment in the complex terrain, the nonlinear model CFD based on Fluent will be qualified to response the relationship between wind resource and terrain, simulation accuracy, and has higher simulation accuracy than the linear model WAsP.
Research on Control Strategy of PV MPPT and Grid-Connected Single Phase Converter Based on Two Stage Topology
Authors: Wen Chun Xue , Zang Zhen , Li Zheng Xi
Published: February 2014

This paper studied the control strategy of single-phase two-stage grid-connected photovoltaic generation system. The two-stage topology includes the boost converter and single phase inverter. The function of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved in the boost circuit by IC (Increment Conductance) method. The inverter circuit adopted the double-closed loop control, a DC voltage outer loop control for power balance with PI correction and an AC current inner loop control for feedback designed to ensure the current quality and stabilize the DC voltage. The inner loop used the novel quasi-Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller, which has a better steady tracking characteristics and stronger anti-interference ability to the disturbance. Finally, a simulation system is built with Matlab/Simulink in this paper to verify the validity of the MPPT algorithm and the quasi-PR control strategy.Keywords：Photovoltaic Generation System;Maximum Power Point Tracking; Grid-connected Inverter; quasi-Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller
Solution for Connecting Regenerative Electric Drive Systems to the Grid
Authors: Gaiceanu Marian
Published: February 2014

In this paper the topology of the grid-connected regenerative electric drive systems (REDS) and the performances of the integral state feedback current controller of the front-end three-phase power inverter are presented. The proposed control was successfully implemented by the author on a quasi direct AC-AC converter with Proportional-Integral current controllers and the simulation test has been performed for the modified integral state feedback current controllers based on the Matlab/Simulink software. The comparative results between the actual current controller topology and that of the conventional PI current controllers of the AC-AC power converter are reported. Moreover, the solution presented in this paper adds supplementary benefits to power system besides the conventional state feedback control: the designed input filter assures zero steady state error and an adequate component is added for the dynamic rejection of the load disturbance. Because it uses the integral component, the control structure has robust capabilities to disturbance actions.
The Numerical Analysis of Fluid-Solid Heat Transfer on Coil Terminal Box Thermal Shield for ITER Feeder
Authors: Liu Su Mei , Song Yun Tao , Lu Kun , Wang Zhong Wei
Published: February 2014

As one of the key components, the feeder coil terminal box (ctb) of the international thermonuclear experimental reactor ( iter) covered with an internal 80[K] thermal radiation shield, provides the 4.5[K] environment and houses the interconnection of the magnet systems with the cryo-plant, the power supplies, the data acquisition system and the local cryogenic components. This paper presents a finite element analysis of fluid-solid heat transfer on thermal shields for iter pf (poloidal field) feeders coil terminal box (ctb), especially for cooling-pipes and his connection with panel firstly. The main objective of this analysis is to evaluate the heat-shielding effects of design layout and operating parameters of helium cooling-pipes with cfd (computational fluid dynamics) techniques. The model and method do not only consider the temperature distribution as well as the pressure dropping, also the deformation caused by thermal stress. Based on the results, the heat transfer in the ctb thermal shields has been studied and the detail design confirmed.
Study on the Deformations Caused by the Original Residual Stresses of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Tang Zhi Tao , Yu Tao , Xu Li Qiang
Published: February 2014

The machining deformations caused by the release and redistribution of original residual stresses were studied by the theoretical analysis and finite element method. The research results show that the release and redistribution of original residual stresses result in machining distortion of the plate part. There exists an optimal value of material removal amount according to original residual stresses. When the amount of the material removed exceeds the optimal value, the machining deformation can be controlled effectively.
Lump Energy of Cutting by Single Abrasive Grain
Authors: Tyurin Anatoli , Korolev A.V.
Published: February 2014

Factor to energy of single cut abrasive grain at bar to abrasive processing - as generalized factor of cut, since takes into account and power of cutting, depth, length, and volume of single cut is considered in the article. Each of these factors characterizes the cut on the one hand, but factor to energy of single cut characterizes the nature of cut by abrasive grain as a whole.
Research on Residual Fatigue Life Model for Lattice Boom of the Crane In-Service
Authors: Cai Fu Hai , Zhao Fu Ling , Gao Shun De , Chen Li Ming
Published: February 2014

There are lots of distributed sources in the process of fatigue crack propagation of the lattice boom, static evaluation of the reliability indicators cannot be satisfied to solve practical engineering problems. The load and fatigue resistance regards as a random process, considers the fatigue failure of the randomness in a variety of factors, the concept of dynamic reliability of the weights index is proposed, models of dynamic reliability of the weights index are built based on the fatigue bearing capacity mode and limit damage degree mode. Fatigue stress experiments comparisons are doing during a crawler crane according to the actual operating conditions and a K-type welded joints prototype. The results show that the dynamic reliability evaluation assessment model is more accurately in the fatigue life evaluation and the method can provide a new assessment method for engineering applications.
Mechanochemical Sorption Apparatuses
Authors: Chuntonov Konstantin , Lee Man Kyu
Published: February 2014

A new method of sorbent activation by its mechanical grinding directly in the purified gas medium promises a technological breakthrough in the field of manufacturing and using of high purity gases. Simple design solutions and using reactive alloys as a sorbent allow making the gas purification process controllable and reducing the cost of this process by many times as well as reducing the concentration of the impurity in the end product.
Technological Development Orientation on Ironmaking of Contemporary Blast Furnace
Authors: Zhang Fu Ming , Cao Chao Zhen , Meng Xiang Long , Li Lin
Published: February 2014

The present status and challenges of blast furnace (BF) ironmaking technology are analyzed, and the developing targets of the contemporary BF ironmaking process are mentioned. The significance and function of high blast temperature and oxygen enriched-pulverized coal injection for BF are described. The key technologies of high blast temperature is discussed and evaluated emphatically. Promoting blast temperature and improving oxygen enrichment ratio, as well as enhancing pulverized coal injection rate which are important guarantee for saving fuel consumption, reducing operation cost, and realizing sustainable development. There are broad developing prospects of contemporary BF process under the condition of high blast temperature and low fuel ratio ironmaking technologies are applied.
Technological Innovation to Optimize the Industrial Structure of Manufacturing in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Zhao Chu
Published: February 2014

Technical innovation is the necessary path for industry in Pearl River Delta to success in industrial transformation and upgrading, the research about how to keep the total increase in the basis as well as to optimize the export structure of manufacturing, and how to keep the whole manufacturing benefits of the Pearl River Delta region sustainably is very necessary. Firstly, this paper adopts the multiple regression analysis to analyze how the technological innovation to optimize the industrial structure of manufacturing in the Pearl River Delta region. Secondly, the author makes a detailed explanation about the technical innovations impact on the manufactured exports with three different technology levels (high-to-low). Finally, this paper offers some specific advice according to the analysis results.
Optimization of Silicon Nitride Y-Branch Optical Waveguide for Evanescent Field Biosensor
Authors: Nan Khor Kang , Shahimin M.M. , Adikan F.R.M.
Published: February 2014

Evanescent field had been widely used in bio and chemical sensors. However in most cases, evanescent field is not maximized and thus the performance of the sensor is not optimized. It is the aim of the paper to optimize the design of 1:2 Y-branch splitter optical waveguide through simulation by using FD-BPM. Y-branch splitter without taper are simulated to optimize the power loss. Width of waveguide and effective angle are manipulated in the power loss optimization. The result shows that evanescent field is maximized at optimized thickness and width. The result suggests that Y-branch splitter with width of 25μm, effective angle of 6.24° is the best design for evanescent field sensor application with both high sensitivity and signal to noise ratio.
The Design and Kinematics Analysis of Four-Bar Linkage of Micro-Swing Engine
Authors: Tian Ye
Published: February 2014

Based on the movement characteristics,the four-bar mechanism of Micro-swing Engine was designed.The mechanism transform swing movement into rotary motion.With the kinematics model,the moving law of four-bar mechanism was analyzied.And simulate the machinery with computer to abtain the movement of curve of four-bar mechanism.The results show that the four-bar mechanism of Micro-swing Engine running smoothly and the inertia can be overcome the dead point.This will provides the theoretical basis for four-bar mechanism of Micro-swing Engine.
Analytical Modeling and Performance Study of a Cross Flow Air Dehumidifier Using Liquid Desiccant
Authors: Bassuoni Mohamed M.
Published: February 2014

The dehumidifier is a key component in liquid desiccant air conditioning systems. Various mathematical models of heat and mass transfer processes inside the dehumidifier are introduced and numerically solved in the literature. Analytical solutions have more advantages than numerical solutions in studying the dehumidifier performance parameters. This paper presents the results from an analytical model for the performance of an adiabatic cross flow liquid desiccant air dehumidifier. Calcium chloride is used as desiccant material in this investigation. Both humidity and temperature effectiveness of the dehumidifier are used to predict the performance of the device under various operating conditions. Good accuracy has been found between analytical solution and reliable experimental results with a maximum deviation of +6.63% and -5.65% in the moisture removal rate. The method developed here can be used in the quick prediction of the dehumidifier performance. The exit parameters from the dehumidifier are evaluated under the effects of variables such as air temperature and humidity, desiccant temperature and concentration and air to desiccant flow rates. The results show that hot humid air and desiccant concentration have the greatest impact on the performance of the dehumidifier.
Ecological Optimization of Thermoacoustic Engine with the Characteristic Time
Authors: Fei Jin Hua , Wu Feng , Wang Tuo
Published: February 2014

This article used ecological function as an indicator to analyze the relationship between the ecology target value and the characteristic time, obtained the characteristic time value in the maximum ecology function value, made a numerical calculation between ecology target value and the characteristic time. It shows that the ecological function value has a change process with the characteristic time that increases firstly and then decreases, which verifies the calculation results. Simultaneously, it is analyzed the impact to ecology target value with the temperature gradient and other factors. It could provide some help to future research.
Effect of Fluorine-Containing Surfactant on Fluorinated Acrylate Emulsion Polymerization and the Properties of the Latex Film
Authors: Yang Wei , Chen Yi Chi , Wang Xiao Qun , Han Dong Xiao , Zhu Li Qun
Published: February 2014

Fluorine-containing acrylate monomer modified acrylate hybrid latex particles were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFMA) in the presence of three kinds of surfactant mixture conditions, respectively. The effect of different surfactant mixtures on properties of fluorinated acrylate latex and film were investigated. Chemical composition and morphology of the resultant hybrid latex particles were respectively characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of a small amount fluorine-containing surfactant leads to an increase of the monomer conversion and improvement of thermal stability of the latex. The average particle size of the latex prepared in the presence of OP-10/Le-180s/CO-436/Le-003 surfactant mixture was uniform and the particle distribution was narrow; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the hybrid latex possessed good thermal stability, and the result also revealed the latex exhibited good dilution, refrigeration as well as Ca2+ stability.
Grain Refinement and Elimination of Hot Cracks due to Application of Electromagnetic Stirring in Commercial Aluminum Alloy Welds
Authors: G. Mousavi Mehdi
Published: February 2014

. In this work the physical effects of electromagnetic stirring (EMS) during welding on the microstructure of some commercial 6xxx and 7xxx series of aluminum alloys are investigated. Experiments are carried out with standard GTA equipment in combination with a current carrying coil providing an axial magnetic field. In order to achieve the maximum grain refining effect, a range of optimal stirring parameters is established. It is then demonstrated that the optimal parameters are in the frequency range of 2 to 15 Hz and the corresponding magnetic field intensities of 10 to 25 mT. These parameters are then applied to reduce susceptibility of these alloys to hot cracking. This paper concludes that by application of EMS to GTA welding of aluminum alloys it is possible to refine the grain structure and reduce the hot cracking susceptibility of these alloys, especially those employed in the aerospace and automotive industries.
Mechanical and Microstructure Characterization of A356 (Al/SiC) MMC
Authors: Elzayady Nagwa E. , Rashad R.M. , Elenany A. , Elhabak A.
Published: February 2014

The present investigation aims to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of (A365/ SiC particulate) MMC produced by stir casting technique. The A356 matrix was reinforced by the addition of 3% SiC ceramic particulate having particle size ranging from 20-90 μm. The SiC particles were added to the molten in the semi-solid state during stirring at rotating speed of 700 r.p.m for duration of 1 minute. The composite was then poured in a preheated metallic mould, after which standard samples were prepared for microstructure and mechanical testing characterization. The results of the study revealed that the consolidation of the SiC and its distribution in the A356 matrix as investigated from the microstructure has increased; the tensile stress from 170 to 195 MPa, compressive yield limit from 156.5 to 190 MPa and ultimate compression stress at 35% strain increased from 350 to 460 MPa. Also macro-hardness of composite material has increased from 72.5 HV for unreinforced alloy to 80 HV, while the elongation% and impact toughness was reduced by 25% and 55% respectively. On the other hand, a dramatic increase in the toughness value for un-notched impact samples of A356 alloy when it cast in SSM (20 J) rather than that when it cast in fully liquid state (6 J).
Effect of Mineralizer Concentration on ZnO Crystals Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Zheng Wen Li , Yang Wei
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the ZnO crystal was synthesized using hydrothermal method through 24 hours reaction with 35 % filling factor at 430°C. When the mineralizer concentration is rather low (eg. lmol/L NaOH), only ZnO microcrystal is produced. The mineralizer concentration increases, the larger crystal was present. When 5 mol/L NaOH served as mineralizer, the extent of the synthesized crystal was nearly 500m. The ZnO cryslals with length of 1500m were present when 3ml/L KOH served as mineralizer. Respectively when 3mol/L NaOH and lmol/L KBr were used as mineralizer, the extent of the synthesized crystal was nearly 700m , the diameter was 200m and the exposed faces m { 100}, p { 101 } was complete , so we obtained the higher quality crystals. Besides the larger crystal, a great deal of microcrystal and nanocrystallites cluster was also present in the product.
Growth and Morphology of SbSe Based Island Films
Authors: Rabinovich Oleg
Published: February 2014

SbSe nanoisland films have been grown via incongruent evaporation of Sb1xSex films, and their surface morphology has been studied by atomic force microscopy. The surface density and characteristic dimensions of the islands have been shown to depend on evaporation time and temperature which correspond to range of quantum size spectrum of electron states and indicates the possibility of controlling growth-oriented quantum-well structures with desired properties based on Sb2Se3.