bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migraine and Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Monteiro Pereira , Rosas M.J. , Correia C. , Vaz Arthur
Published: July 2017

The authors studied the prevalence of headaches in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations followed in the Neurosurgical Department of the Hospital Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal.

The methods used were headache questionnaire and clinic interview. The IHS criteria and classification were used for the diagnostic classification of headaches. From all the patients studied the relative frequency of the different types of headaches was calculated and compared with the general population data.

A correlative study of the headache characteristics with the type and localization of the arteriovenous malformation was performed and the results are presented and discussed.

Some selected cases of migraine type headaches associated with AVM are presented and the effect of surgery is commented.
Diagnosing migraine: Are the criteria valid or invalid?
Authors: Blau Jn
Published: July 2017

Making a clinical diagnosis is a thought process but we do not know how we remember, let alone think. Migraine attacks are dynamic, with symptoms evolving, progressing and regressing during 4 – 72 h. Some of us attempt to abstract criteria from this “drama”, others try to see the whole “play” as a stage performance. However, we are dependent on patients’ descriptions and must carefully evaluate the responses to our questions. Describing pain quality–translating feelings into words–is especially difficult. Patients can be led or misled by questions, particularly if posed by insensitive questioners applying rigid criteria. Nevertheless, criteria are essential for the inclusion or exclusion of patients in drug trials or a series when special investigations are being conducted, but not in a difficult diagnostic case when there are two concomitant headaches or when trying to help someone cope with migraine.
Transformed migraine
Authors: Mathew Ninan T
Published: July 2017

Chronic tension-type headache, which is included in the International Headache Classification, is present in only a minority of patients who present with chronic daily headache. The majority have what is termed transformed migraine, with a history of distinct episodes of migraine in the initial years which progresses into chronic daily headache. These patients with transformed migraine exhibit mixed features of migraine and chronic tension-type headache. Two distinct types of transformed migraine are identifiable, namely those related to excessive intake of medications (drug-induced transformed migraine) and those unrelated to excessive use of medications. The clinical features of transformed migraine and the drug-induced variety are described. The need for revision of the International Classification to include chronic daily headache and the subtypes of transformed migraine is pointed out.
Potential drug interactions with the novel antimigraine compound zolmitriptan (Zomig™, 311C90)
Authors: Rolan P
Published: July 2017

Seven randomized studies in healthy volunteers have investigated interactions between zolmitriptan (Zomig™, formerly 311C90), a 5HT1B/1D agonist for acute migraine therapy, and selected drugs with which there was a possibility of interaction or a likelihood of concurrent use. Co-administration of oral dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, pizotifen, fluoxetine, paracetamol (acetaminophen)/metoclopramide or selegiline had no clinically significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of zolmitriptan or its metabolites, although small changes were observed in some cases. Co-administration of propranolol resulted in a 56% increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of zolmitriptan and a 11% decrease in the AUC of the active metabolite 183C91. However, these pharmacokinetic changes are unlikely to be relevant at lower clinical doses. Moclobemide, a monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor, decreased the clearance of zolmitriptan and, in particular, 183C91. This suggests that MAO-A is involved in the metabolism of 183C91 and it may be prudent to limit the daily zolmitriptan dose in migraine patients maintained on a MAO-A inhibitor. The clinically insignificant blood pressure increases produced by zolmitriptan, and the tolerability profile of this agent, were unaffected by any of the concomitant medications. Clinically significant interactions between zolmitriptan and commonly co-prescribed antimigraine therapies are unlikely.
Clinical applications of zolmitriptan (Zomig™, 311C90)
Authors: Lipton Rb , Stewart Wf
Published: July 2017

Zolmitriptan (Zomig™, formerly 311C90) is a novel, oral antimigraine drug that is consistently effective and well tolerated in the acute treatment of migraine headache and its associated symptoms. The purpose of this article is to review data available from pharmacological and clinical trials with zolmitriptan and to summarize the clinically relevant features that distinguish this agent. We will review the attributes desirable in a migraine drug and use this as a template for assessing zolmitriptan. Zolmitriptan provides a new oral treatment option for physicians which should help improve patient outcomes.
Menstrually related disorders—towards interdisciplinary international diagnostic criteria
Authors: Halbreich U
Published: July 2017

Premenstrual and catamenial disorders are prevalent, diversified and involve various body systems. The mechanisms and management of the menstrually related disorders (MRDs) are hampered by a fragmented approach because each cluster of symptoms is studied and treated by specialists in a number of related disciplines. The apparent common denominator of MRDs, an association with the menstrual cycle, also carries with it associations with ovulation and ovulation-related hormonal and cyclic biological changes. To achieve progress in understanding and treating MRD, an interdisciplinary nomenclature and diagnostic system are needed. Criteria based on temporal occurrences and not on phenomenology have been developed after interdisciplinary discussions and are herein proposed.
Patterns of platelet aggregation in menstrual migraine
Authors: Allais G , Facco G , Ciochetto D , De Lorenzo C , Fiore M , Benedetto C
Published: July 2017

We investigated the threshold of the platelet release reaction during the luteal phase of the cycle in 46 patients suffering from menstrual migraine (MM) and 27 healthy normal women. The distribution in both groups of the three types of aggregometric curves (types 1, 2 or 3) obtained in response to ADP 1 μM as aggregating agent was evaluated. Among MM sufferers, 19 (41%) showed a type 1 curve, while 14 (31%) had a type 2 curve and 13 (28%) showed an irreversible aggregation with a type 3 pattern. Curve distribution in controls was 18 (67%) for type 1, 8 (30%) for type 2 and 1 (3%) for type 3. A significantly
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Trauma Exposure, and the Current Health of Canadian Bus Drivers
Authors: Vedantham Kumar , Bru net Alain , Boyer Rich ard , Weiss Dan iel S , Metzler Thomas J , Marmar Charles R
Published: July 2017

Objective:

Pre vi ous stud ies of vet er ans have linked posttraumatic stress dis or der (PTSD) af ter com bat-related trauma to increased re ports of health prob lems. It is un clear whether this as so ci a tion be tween PTSD and in creased health prob lems gen er a lizes to ci vil ians who are ex posed to a broader ar ray of trau matic events. We also do not know whether trauma ex po sure i s as so ci ated with in creased health prob lems in in di vid u als who do not de velop PTSD. Using a non–treat ment-seeking ci vil ian sample, we ex am ined whether life time PTSD or trauma ex po sure by it self was as so ci ated with c ur rent health prob lems.

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional de sign and self-report mea sures, we eval u ated ur ban Ca na dian bus driv ers (n = 342) on trauma ex po sure, life time PTSD, and cur rent health prob lems. Based on their re sponses, we di vided o ur sam ple into in di vid u als who had never ex pe ri enced trauma (n = 91), trauma-exposed in di vid u als who had never de vel oped PTSD (n = 218), and per sons who devel oped PTSD at some point af ter trauma (n = 33). We com pared these groups on health prob lems, treat ment ser vice use, and health as sess ment mea sures.

Results:

The PTSD group re ported i n creased health c o m plaints, more fre quent use of health treat ments, and poorer health self-ratings com pared with the ex posed non-PTSD and nonexposed groups. Trauma-exposed driv ers wi th out PTSD did not dif fer from un ex posed driv ers on any health mea sure. Con trolling for sex and trauma fre quency did not al ter our find ings.

Conclusions:

Trauma ex po sure that leads to PTSD is as so ci ated with in creased health prob lems, while trauma ex po sure alone is not. Our re sults ex tend pre vi ous find ings to a broader ci vil ian con text and clar ify as soci a tions be tween trauma ex po sure and health.
Introduction à la psychiatrie génétique: Progrès vers la découverte des gènes de susceptibilité aux troubles psychiatriques
Authors: Roy Marc-André , Mérette Chantal , Maziade Michel
Published: July 2017

Les progrès récents de la génétique humaine laissent entrevoir des retombées majeures pour la pra t ique clinique, y compris en psychiatrie. Le but de cet ar ti cle est de familiariser le lecteur avec les méthodes de re cher che utilisées en psychiatrie génétique et d'en illustrer l'application, afin de mieux comprendre les défis auxquels fait face la psychiatrie génétique ainsi que les stratégies utilisées pour les relever.

Nous réviserons les preuves de la participation de facteurs génétiques à l'étiologie des troub les psychiatriques et nous examinerons la spécificité et non-spécificité de leur ex pres sion. Nous évoquerons les difficultés liées à la précision imparfaite des méthodes diagnostiques, à la pénétrance incomplète des trou bles psychiatriques, à leur hétérogénéité génétique, à la présence de phénocopies et finalement à l'incertitude quant au mode de trans mis sion des trou bles psychiatriques. Finalement, nous donnerons un aperçu des résultats les plus prometteurs et dégagerons les priorités pour les études à venir.
Regression toward the Mean: Its Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Streiner Da vid L
Published: July 2017

This pa per ex plores the phe nom e non of “re gres sion to ward the mean.” The pri mary ef fect of this is to af fect scores on re test ing so that they are closer to the pop u la tion mean. Thus, peo ple who are se lected for in clu sion in a study be cause their scores on some mea sure are above (or be low) some cri te rion have val ues on re test ing that are less ex treme. This may make it ap pear that the study par tic i pants have im proved; this will oc cur even in the ab sence of an ef fec tive in te r ven tion. We ex plore the rea sons for r egres sion to ward the mean and how it can be de tected and dis cuss some meth ods that may min i mi ze its ef fects.
Cognitive Therapy for Schizophrenia: From Conceptualization to Intervention
Authors: Rector Neil A , Beck Aaron T
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

To out line the cog ni tive un der stand ing of symp toms of schizo phre nia, such as de lu sions, hal lu ci na tions, and emo tional with drawal, and to re view the cog ni tive ther apy ap proach to ame lio rat ing these symp toms.

Method:

We iden ti fied stud ies ex am in ing cog ni tive fac tors as so ci ated with symp toms of schizo phre nia by elec tronic search (us ing Med line and Psycinfo). This pa per in te grates e xperimental find ings and clini cal treat ment.

Results:

Re cent stud ies fo cus ing on the psy cho logi cal as pects of schizo phre nia dem onstrate the im por tance of com mon cog ni tive bi ases and dis tor tions that are func tion ally related to the main te nance of symp toms. Un der stand ing the dis or der in cog ni tive terms pro vides a frame work for psy cho thera peu tic in ter ven tion. Adapt ing cog ni tive strate gies suc cess fully used in cog ni tive ther apy of de pres sion and anxi ety pro vides an im por tant adjunct to stan dard treat ment of schizo phre nia.

Conclusion:

Given that the out come of cur rent treat ment for schizo phre nia re mains poor, at ten tion to thera pist train ing in psy cho logi cal ap proaches is es sen tial.
La traduction des questionnaires et des tests: Techniques et problèmes
Authors: Mas sou bre Cath er ine , Lang François , Jae ger Burkard , Jullien Mi chel , Pel let Jac ques
Published: July 2017

Objectifs:

Syn thèse des dif fi cultés de tra duc tion des tests, de scrip tion des méth odes de tra duc tion et des procédu res de vali da tion des tests. Ap pli ca tion à un ques tion naire de personnalité.

Méthodologie:

Le ques tion naire de per son nal ité de Freiburg (FPI-R) a été traduit et les tech niques de vali da tion d'un test lui ont été ap pli quées: rétro tra duc tion, pré test et révi sion par un comité d'ex perts soig neuse ment choisi.

Résultats:

Au moyen de la re vue de la docu men ta tion, les dif fi cultés de la tra duc tion du FPI-R sont explici tées, en par ticu lier les diffé rents types d'équiva lence langue source/langue ci ble (séman tique, tech nique, idio ma tique, liée à l'expé ri ence et con cep t uelle). Les procédu res sta tis tiques de vali da tion ne sont abordées que dans leurs prin ci pes.

Conclusion:

La méth ode cou rante al liant tra duc tion et rétro tra duc tion est in suffi sante et doit s'ac com pag ner au mini mum d'un pré test et d'une révi sion à chaque étape par un comité d'ex perts. La pré sence d'ex perts mono lingues sem ble in dis pen sa ble pour met tre à jour les moin dres détails de la langue ci ble, là où les bi lingues peu vent éch ouer.
Integrative Dimensions of Psychotherapy Training
Authors: Greben Daniel H
Published: July 2017

This paper investigates the influence of integrative factors on psychotherapy education. The broad relevance of integrative psychotherapy to residency training and continuing mental health education is discussed. Following a review of the existing literature on the education of integrative psychotherapists, the article systematically examines the integrative and pedagogic issues to be considered in planning psychotherapy training informed by integrative principles. The integrative issues are organized into 5 categories: attitudinal set, knowledge base, clinical techniques and skills, developmental tasks and challenges, and systemic institutional factors. The educational issues can be divided into 4 categories: content, format and process, sequence, and faculty development. Brief descriptions of actual educational interventions illustrate the implementation of such ideas. Specific recommendations are made regarding the development of integrative educational initiatives and future study of unresolved questions.
Differences between Only Children and Children with 1 Sibling Referred to a Psychiatric Clinic: A Test of Richards and Goodman's Findings
Authors: Marleau Jacques D , Breton Jean-Jacques , Chiniara Gisèle , Saucier Jean-François
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To test Richards and Goodman's hypothesis that a higher proportion of only children under age 5 years assessed in a psychiatric department do not present a psychiatric diagnosis, compared with preschool children with 1 sibling, and to investigate other variables relative to children in this age group with no psychiatric disorder, in light of Richards and Goodman's findings.

Method:

We gathered data from 169 children under age 5 years seen in the psychiatric department of a large pediatric hospital in Montreal, Quebec.

Results:

First, bivariate analysis showed no differences between the proportion of only children and children with 1 sibling regarding absence of a psychiatric diagnosis. Second, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that child's age and mother's child-rearing attitudes were significant variables. Younger children (that is, age 0 to 2 years) and children whose mothers had “adequate” child-rearing attitudes (that is, not exhibiting significant impatience, rejection, stubbornness, neglect, or overprotectiveness) were more likely to have no disorder.

Conclusion:

These findings run counter to Richards and Goodman's results and suggest that other variables, such as child's age and mother's behaviour, are significant predictors of children under age 5 years having no diagnosis.
Teaching Child and Adolescent Psychiatry to Family Medicine Trainees: A Pilot Experience
Authors: Fisman Sandra , Sangster John , Steele Margaret M , Stewart Moira A , Rae-Grant Naomi
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

To develop learning objectives for teaching child psychiatry to family medicine trainees and to evaluate the best method of teaching these objectives.

Method:

For this descriptive study, knowledge, attitude, and skill objectives were presented to trainees at the start of a 6-month rotation, and an evaluation mechanism was developed based on the learning objectives. The method of instruction in each of the training locations was described independently by the child psychiatry consultant and attending family physician. The trainees' evaluations were presented according to training locations.

Results:

Family medicine trainees perceived the teaching-consultation method, with live interviews, to be the most helpful and the didactic lecture format to be least helpful.

Conclusion:

The importance of teaching family medicine residents to recognize mental health problems in children and adolescents, preferably by using live interviews, and the implications for postresidency practice are emphasized.
Self-Induced Water Intoxication Treated with Risperidone
Authors: Millson Richard C , Emes Craig E , Glackman William G
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To determine whether or not risperidone is efficacious in treating self-induced water intoxication in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Method:

We carried out a prospective 11-month open-label study using risperidone to treat 8 men with chronic schizophrenia and self-induced water intoxication.

Results:

The 8 men were not able to reduce their fluid consumption compared with their baseline intake. Risperidone, however, significantly decreased the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores of this very chronic group.

Conclusions:

Although risperidone decreased schizophrenic symptoms, it did not have significant efficacy in treating self-induced water intoxication. This study may have implications for the treatment of addictive behaviour.
Issues of Choice in Second-Generation Antipsychotic Agents
Authors: Teehan Michael
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

To identify and describe the most significant issues in optimal clinical use of the second-generation antipsychotics.

Methods:

A case report of an elderly female with treatment-refractory psychosis, negative symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia is used to focus the discussion of the clinical decisions. The rationale for switching, the choice of an appropriate compound, and the practical issues of transition from her present treatment are addressed.

Conclusions:

The case illustrates a common clinical scenario, focusing on the practical clinical issues in changing treatments. It draws attention to the need to carefully monitor the switch from traditional to second-generation antipsychotics. This is particularly important in patients with severe symptoms, so as not to confuse withdrawal effects from present medications with apparent failure of the new treatments.
Bilateral Transaxillary Subfascial Breast Augmentation with Smooth Saline Implants: A Retrospective Analysis of Short-Term Complications
Authors: Pablo Rivera , Robert Dryden
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

To determine, by means of a retrospective study, the short-term complication rate of primary, transaxillary, subfascial breast augmentation using smooth, high-profile, saline implants. Comments and comparisons on observations will be made.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective, private practice, medical chart review of primary, transaxillary breast augmentation surgeries with smooth, high-profile, saline implants done from 2004 to 2008 was performed. A list of short-term complications was compiled. We reviewed 273 charts, and complications were assessed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The patients' and surgeons' comments in the medical charts and full preoperative and postoperative photographic documentation were evaluated. Adverse events were noted. These included surgical wound infection, breast pocket infection, wound dehiscences, hematomas/seromas, clinically significant Baker grade III to IV capsular contractures (grade III to IV firm with visible/obvious spherical distortion), rippling, asymmetries, nipple/areola sensory losses or deficits, and reoperations.

Results:

The short-term complications for bilateral, transaxillary, subfascial breast augmentation with smooth saline implants in this private practice occurred in the following percentage of patients: breast asymmetry, 6.95%; reoperation, 4.76%; clinically significant Baker grade III to IV capsular contracture, 2.56%; wound dehiscence, 2.19%; rippling, 1.83%; hematoma/seroma, 1.83%; and wound infection, 1.09%. It should also be noted that bleeding from the incision site, galactorrhea, formation of a hypertrophic scar, breast ptosis, and a breast pocket infection rate occurred in less than 1% of the patients.

Conclusions:

Primary, transaxillary, subfascial breast augmentation with smooth saline implants is both safe and effective. It offers the advantage of fewer scarring problems, and it protects nipple/areola sensation. The patients in this study seemed to experience fewer complications from this procedure than patients in other studies, but more studies are needed.
The Use of Mesh Reinforcement during Abdominoplasty: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tavassoli Javad , Haiavy Jacob
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Abdominoplasty is a well-established procedure that consistently ranks in the top 5 most common cosmetic surgical procedures performed in the United States per year. In cases of severe myoaponeurotic laxity some surgeons choose to supplement their procedure with the placement of mesh to reinforce their plication. Some surgeons place mesh on a more routine basis. There is limited data in the literature to substantiate the use of synthetic mesh. This is a case report and review of the literature for the use of mesh reinforcement during abdominoplasty.

Materials and Methods:

A case report is presented, detailing the infectious complications suffered by 1 patient subsequent to abdominoplasty with mesh reinforcement. A thorough review of the literature was performed. Literature was evaluated with respect to the number of patients, age range, type of mesh, method of fixation, follow-up interval, complications, and cosmetic results.

Results:

Four studies were found assessing the use of mesh reinforcement during abdominoplasty. Number of patients was limited, ranging from 18 to 52. Types of mesh included Polypropylene, Prolene, and Vicryl. No infection, dehiscence, or extrusion of mesh were reported. Authors report stable repair with follow-up ranging from 6 months to 54 months in cases involving severe myoaponeurotic laxity only.

Conclusions:

Following review of the literature, it is clear that the evidence to support routine placement of mesh during abdominoplasty is lacking. As demonstrated by the case report described, placement of mesh in any procedure puts the patient at risk for undue sequelae. Our recommendations are as follows: Do not use mesh reinforcement during routine abdominoplasty. In only the worst cases of myoaponeurotic laxity, consider placing mesh using an onlay technique or in a submuscular layer (if experienced with this procedure), recognizing the limitations of the current literature on this subject. In either case, the surgeon should be aware of the significant risks of complications involved with these procedures, including seroma, umbilical and flap necrosis, as well as infection. If mesh is placed at the time of surgery, make certain that the patient is aware of the fact. In cases of wound infection where mesh was placed, have a high suspicion for mesh infection and a low threshold for reoperation.
A Unique Method of Body Lifting after Massive Weight Loss
Authors: Stiller Geoffrey , Mangubat E. Antonio , Kouli Wael , Precht Lisa
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

The epidemic of obesity has provided a new cosmetic challenge in postbariatric body reconstruction. Traditionally, body lift procedures and circumferential liposuction have been used to address the excess skin and adiposity present after weight loss. After applying alveolar abdominoplasty principles to circumferential body lifts, we describe our experience of the first 24 lipo-circumferential body lift procedures performed as single-stage outpatient surgery.

Materials and Methods:

Between October 2007 and August 2009, 24 patients underwent a total body lift using our lipo-circumferential body lift technique. The operative technique is described. Intraoperative and postoperative complications are compared with published series.

Results:

All procedures were performed as a single-stage outpatient procedure. The last 20 patients did not receive postoperative drains. Seven patients underwent additional procedures performed in the same setting. No intraoperative or major postoperative complications occurred. Five patients (20.8%) had posterior wound dehiscence (<2 cm). Five patients (20.8%) had anterior wound dehiscence (<2 cm). Two patients (8.3%) had minor wound infection. Two patients (8.3%) had cellulitis. One patient (4.2%) had umbilical necrosis. An overall minor complication rate of 58% was reported. Conclusions: Our technique of lipo-circumferential body lift is a safe and effective procedure to address the body contouring after massive weight loss in a single stage, outpatient procedure.
A Review of the Complications of Liposuction
Authors: Castellano Joseph J. , Jackson Robert F.
Published: July 2017

Cosmetic surgeons need to adhere to professional training, standards, and guidelines in order to improve the lifestyle and self-image of patients without causing them any harm. Surgeons must have the necessary qualifications and skills to perform the procedure. This article concentrates on the complications of liposuction, but one way to prevent complications is to know what one hopes to accomplish. Adherence to patient safety is an absolute. Liposuction techniques have evolved over the years from a dry technique to tumescent, VASER (vibration amplification of sound energy at resonance), and laser-assisted techniques. One must understand when to use each of these techniques to achieve the desired result. Complications of liposuction are rare, but the list is extensive. Avoiding complications entirely is not possible, so surgeons must understand how to manage and correct these situations. Liposuction is a very satisfactory procedure. Goals of improving on such a procedure include developing a simpler method, obtaining desired results more quickly, lessening fatigue for the surgeon, and improving results. Cosmetic surgeons must be aware of different methods to avoid complications.
The Sexual, Psychological, and Body Image Health of Women Undergoing Elective Vulvovaginal Plastic/Cosmetic Procedures: A Pilot Study
Authors: Goodman Michael , Fashler Samantha , Miklos John R. , Moore Robert D. , Brotto Lori A.
Published: July 2017

Vulvovaginal aesthetic (VVA) surgery has become increasingly popular, and there is anecdotal support for its enhancing effects on sexual functioning and self-concept. We conducted a prospective pilot study to evaluate the impact of VVA surgery on sexual response. A prospective cohort of women electing VVA cosmetic surgery completed questionnaires before VVA surgery (n = 33), after VVA surgery (n = 18), and again 6 to 9 months later (n = 12) using the Female Sexual Function Index, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder. No significant effect of VVA surgery was noted on Desire, Lubrication, Orgasm, Pain, or Total Score at either time point, but scores on Arousal and Satisfaction increased immediately after surgery, then fell back to baseline levels at follow-up. No significant effect of VVA surgery was seen on psychological functioning at either time point. According to established cut-off scores for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), 61.1% of participants met criteria for BDD at baseline; this proportion significantly dropped to 11.1% after surgery, and to 8.3% at follow-up. Contrary to anecdotal claims, women in the present sample did not have symptoms of sexual dysfunction that may have motivated them to seek VVA surgery, nor was there any significant effect of surgery on sexual response. It is important to note that a high proportion of women seeking VVA met criteria for BDD; this has implications for surgeons and consenting patients for these cosmetic genital procedures.
Ablative Fractionated CO2 Laser Resurfacing for the Face and Neck
Authors: Reddy Usha P. , Woodward Julie A.
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

There has been little information reported on the use of fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing of the neck. We describe our initial experience with conservative treatment on the neck with concurrent treatment to the face.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed all cases of full-face and neck ablative fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing at our institution performed for the treatment of photodamage.

Results:

Eighteen consecutive patients were included with at least 3 months of follow-up. All neck settings were lower than the face settings. Eleven patients were treated with a 120μ spot size and 7 patients with a 300μ spot size. Average time of reepithelialization was 5 to 7 days for the full face and 7 to 14 days for the neck. Similarly for erythema resolution, patients reported an average of 4 weeks for improvement versus 6 weeks for the neck area. Two patients reported being dissatisfied with the procedure, and all others were happy with neck results. Complications included 1 case of herpes simplex virus reactivation with perioral lesions, 3 cases of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation of the face, and 1 case of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with persistent erythema of the neck.

Conclusions:

Fractionated CO2 laser treatment to the neck involved delayed healing times despite the use of lower laser settings.
Management of Keloids by Marginal Excision and Corticosteroid Injections: A Case Report and Review of Current Literature
Authors: Kepros Christopher , Goksel Tamer
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Abnormal wound healing can result in the formation of keloids. Because of their significant growth potential, keloids may be associated with notable cosmetic deformities. Signs and symptoms such as pain, pruritis, and hyperpigmentation can be encountered.

Materials and Methods:

Multiple methods of treatment have been proposed with variable success rates. Simple surgical excision appears to improve outcome, but recurrence rates are unacceptably high when surgery is used alone. To combat this, many adjunctive therapies have been used in combination with surgery, including serial steroid injections.

Results:

The case of keloid formation presented here was successfully managed by a combination of subtotal surgical excision and adjunctive steroid injections.

Conclusions:

The treatment of keloid scarring is a surgical challenge because of its aggressive nature and high rates of recurrence after treatment. Marginal surgical excision with postoperative steroid injections can provide acceptable cosmetic results and can be completed in an office setting without the need of excessive patient compliance.
A Pilot Study of the Porterville Developmental Center’s Court Competency Training Program
Authors: Bertsch Jennifer M. , Younglove Jane A. , Kerr Marcee G.
Published: July 2017

By statute, in California (and in many other states) if at the time of trial a defendant’s mental competence is called into question, efforts must be made to render that individual competent before proceeding. If such efforts fail, the person is absolved of criminal responsibility. In light of this legal mandate, the Porterville (California) Developmental Center created its Court Competency Training Program. The present study was a limited evaluation of the Porterville program and involved developmentally delayed criminal defendants rather than those who are mentally ill. Results showed that individuals who were adjudged as incompetent to stand trial due to developmental disability and enrolled for 6 months in the training program demonstrated significant gain in Competency Assessment Instrument (CAI) score. The same gain was not evidenced by developmentally delayed Porterville residents who were not criminal defendants and not enrolled in the training program. Although the results were based on a small sample size, they do suggest that additional research with the CAI and developmentally delayed criminal defendants would be fruitful.
Intermediate Sanctions and the Halfway Back Program in Kentucky
Authors: Munden David P. , Tewksbury Richard , Grossi Elizabeth L.
Published: July 2017

Intermediate sanctions are more cost-effective means of responding to crime, both at the initial point of sanctioning, and as a means of responding to noncompliant offenders already under supervision. However, if intermediate sanction programs are to provide a viable option for avoiding further over-crowding in our prisons, and limiting spending on corrections, the operations of such programs, and the ways in which offenders are selected for participation must be efficient and effective. The key to success, then, for intermediate sanctions for offenders who violate conditions of community supervision is to establish a viable set of criteria for screening potential program participants. In our study of Kentucky's Halfway Back Program we found that traditional demographic and offender criminal history screening criteria were not accurate predictors of successful program completion. The failure of these factors to successfully predict program completion point to the need to refine the policies governing the criteria used to select offenders for placement in intermediate sanction programs.
The Case of Leroy Hendricks: A Blueprint for Successful Implementation of a Sexual Predator Statute
Authors: Scott Robert Frank , Bannister Shala Mills , Copeland Michael
Published: July 2017

The handling and care of dangerous sexual predators has typically been a function of the criminal justice system. Recently, however, the state of Kansas became the focus of a Supreme Court challenge regarding the states' use of civil confinement following the completion of the criminal sanction as it's method for protecting society from dangerous sexual predators. The Court held that the procedure did not constitute double jeopardy, or any other Constitutional violation. Leroy Hendricks, the case principal, the state statute and policy implications are discussed.
Beer Joints and Badasses: An Aggregate-Level Assessment of Alcohol Availability and Violent Crime
Authors: Cochran John K. , Rowan Kenneth , Blount William R. , Heide Kathleen , Sellers Christine S.
Published: July 2017

This study examines the effects of alcohol availability on the level of violent crime across census tracts within the unincorporated areas of Hillsborough County, Florida. We use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression techniques to test for the influence of the total number and the number of specific forms of liquor licenses on the level of criminal homicides, sexual assaults, aggravated assaults, and robberies per census tract while controlling for the effects of socio-demographic and economic compositional variables. We find positive relationships between the number of liquor licenses which permit the retail sale of beer (either package stores or for on-premises consumption) and the level of violent crimes. These effects were strongest for the crimes of aggravated and sexual assaults to the extent that each additional liquor establishment per census tract adds 2–3 sexual assaults per year and 8–10 aggravated assaults. Among the compositional and contextual variables, percent of households in poverty was found to have the strongest effect across all violent crime categories. Policy implications are discussed regarding high-risk areas and high-risk establishments.
The Coordinator Attrition Problem in the United States: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Taylor Gloria , McGaw Lin Johnson , Mayes Gwen , Cossé Thomas J. , Weisenberger Terry M.
Published: July 2017

Excessive attrition among organ procurement coordinators has been a suspected problem for many years. In 1994 the United Network for Organ Sharing undertook a procurement coordinator attrition study. Initially, focus groups were conducted in conjunction with the 1994 North American Transplant Coordinators Organization's annual meeting. In 1996, 69 executive directors from organ procurement organizations were surveyed on the subject of procurement coordinator attrition. Thirty-five executive directors responded, resulting in a 51% response rate. The UNOS procurement coordinator attrition study explored actual attrition rates, relationships of certain demographic factors to attrition rates, economic impact of attrition on the organizations, and various job tenure issues. The period under study was January 1, 1990 through December 31, 1993. Results did not demonstrate an industry-wide attrition problem. Additionally, the study revealed no enduring attrition problem in any single organization, and some organizations were found to have no attrition during the entire study period.
Adequate Consent: Its Content in the Donation Discussion
Authors: Verble Margaret , Worth Judy
Published: July 2017

Although recent research has established a relationship between donation rates and the consent process for organ and tissue donation, little attention has been given to the content of the donation discussion. Recent studies suggest that families want more information to aid them in making the decision to consent. To address the family's needs, the interviewer should introduce the subject appropriately, respond fully to the family's questions, and provide the following information: the options of donating particular organs or tissues, the potential benefits of donation, the right not to donate, the effects on the funeral, the lack of cost of donation to the family, a description of the procurement procedures, and what will happen if the donated organs cannot be used for transplant.
A Comparison of Role Expectations and Communication Styles between Transplant Coordinators and Transplant Staff Nurses
Authors: Paris D. , Smith C. , Carlson J. , Aussi W. , Bak K. , Emmett C. , Kwan T. , Pennington S. , Lancaster M. , Paris W.
Published: July 2017

The role of the transplant coordinator is multifaceted and demanding, requiring advanced clinical skills in addition to patient management responsibilities. Although much is known about the clinical skills of these coordinators, there is virtually no information available about their management abilities. A comparison of the beliefs of transplant coordinators and transplant staff nurses confirms that the coordinators have the role expectations and communication styles to allow them to function effectively in managing patient care as well as in working with physicians and other health professionals.
Independence and Accountability
Authors: Houlihan Barrie , Preece Andrew
Published: July 2017

The UK National Anti-Doping Organisation (NADO), the Drug Free Sport Directorate (DFSD), is located within the same organization, UK Sport, which is responsible for maximizing elite sport success. This article evaluates the demand for an independent NADO, which comes not only from within the UK but also from international anti-doping agencies. The concept of independence is examined within the context of broader concerns with accountability and the relationship between the NADO and its stakeholders. Using data from a survey of both National Governing Bodies of sport (NGBs) and elite athletes and interviews with major policy actors it is argued that the concern of elite athletes and NGBs is less with the location of the NADO within UK Sport, but with questions of accountability and communication. It is argued that enhanced independence would, in itself, be no guarantee of either neutrality or of greater effectiveness and may well be counter productive. Moreover, using Hood's rationale for administrative reform there is little evidence that a more independent NADO would be more efficient, equitable or robust. However, it is also argued that the current network of accountability relationships is focused on secondary stakeholders and those primary stakeholders, such as elite athletes and their NGBs, are marginal thus risking an erosion of the current high level of trust.
De-linking Enterprise Culture from Capitalism and its Public Policy Implications
Authors: Williams Colin C.
Published: July 2017

Although a small literature has recently emerged that highlights the existence of social entrepreneurship, the idea that entrepreneurship and enterprise culture might be other than profit-driven capitalist endeavour is seldom entertained. Instead, enterprise culture is widely viewed as a by-word for contemporary capitalist culture. The aim of this article is to evaluate critically this dominant narrative. To do this, GEM's UK Social Entrepreneurship Monitor is used to compare the levels and ratios of commercial-to-social entrepreneurship across various population groups and areas in the UK. The finding is that one-third of all entrepreneurs are driven primarily by social goals rather than profit, and that cultures of entrepreneurship markedly vary across population groups and areas, with rural and marginalized populations displaying a greater propensity to engage in social rather than profit-driven entrepreneurship. The article concludes by discussing the public policy implications of this finding that enterprise cultures are not everywhere and always profit-driven, raising questions not only about whether the promotion of profit-driven entrepreneurship in marginalized populations is akin to parachuting in an alien enterprise culture but also whether a focus upon social entrepreneurship might promote greater inclusiveness in the enterprise culture agenda than is currently the case.
Lighting patterns and the flow of light
Authors: Cuttle C.
Published: July 2017

The pattern of light and shade on a solid object due to directional lighting is the combined effect of three lighting patterns, identified as the illumination, shadow and highlight patterns. The illumination pattern is examined in detail as the nature of its formation relates to the subjective impression of a 'flow of light' within a room. Indices of the flow of light are proposed, and the extent to which they relate to the formation of lighting patterns on solid objects is examined. Design recommendations based on observations of the human features are proposed.
The challenge of evaluating annual mammography screening for young women with a family history of breast cancer
Authors:   The FH01Management Committee, Steering Committee and Collaborators, Gabe Rhian
Published: July 2017

It has been recommended that women aged 40–49 years with a significant family history of breast cancer should be offered annual mammography screening ( http://www.nice.org.uk ). An observational study known as FH01 ( http://www.screeningservices.org/btw/fh01/index.asp ) is evaluating this policy in a cohort of 6000 women at moderately increased risk of breast cancer due to family history. The main aims are to assess the likely impact on breast cancer mortality and cost-effectiveness. Measuring these outcomes is challenging in an environment where a randomized trial is not feasible and there is no natural comparison group. In this paper, we present some approaches to estimating effectiveness and the planned analyses. These involve comparison of disease stage and likely consequent breast cancer mortality in the cohort offered screening with that estimated in the absence of screening. The estimation uses observed outcomes in external populations and estimated outcomes for the hypothetical situation where screening had not taken place.
Employability Models for Consistency in Quality of Hiring Decisions: A Context of MBA Graduates
Authors: Vrat Prem , Sangwan Sunaina
Published: July 2017

This article presents a model for hiring of MBA graduates based on the principle of ‘Bowman’s management coefficient’ model. Concepts of employability and an employability model developed by Vrat are compared with the regression model proposed and a modified model is proposed to calibrate the employability levels of candidates in hiring decisions. Based on the data from five hiring managers on 100 candidates, the erratic nature in hiring decisions based on the intuitive judgement of managers is demonstrated. Using their own judgement, a more consistent regression model developed improves the quality of hiring management graduates. The model proposed is easy to implement and can remove erratic component in hiring decisions.
Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose: Adaptation in the Paris Agreement
Authors: Mathur Vikrom , Mohan Aniruddh
Published: July 2017

Global climate policy till date has focused on building consensus around a differentiated roadmap for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Equally important yet receiving less attention is the need to support adaptation of the most vulnerable communities to the increasingly severe impacts of climatic changes. The Paris Agreement, negotiated at the 21st COP in December 2015, ‘stitches up’ national contributions on adaptation and mitigation into a global agreement. This article first reviews the adaptation components of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted by developed, emerging and least developed nations. Second, we examine how adaptation and the related themes of loss and damage have been dealt with in the Paris Agreement in terms of: global goal, legal form, review mechanisms and financing arrangements. Finally, we look at the possibility of evolving new arrangements and opportunities for strengthening global response to adaptation by drawing on references to human rights and climate justice in the Paris Agreement. We contend that the global response cannot be relegated to action by individual nations—partly and loosely supported by global financial and technological flows. The Paris Agreement has made significant steps in raising the importance of adaptation vis-à-vis mitigation in climate action but a lot of work remains to be done. In a sense, the top-down elements of adaptation action reflect long held negotiating positions and the skepticism of developed nations with respect to adaptation. For the post-Paris climate regime to be legitimate and earn the trust of developing nations, it must focus equally on adaptation and mitigation and address the special needs of vulnerable communities across the world.
Book Review: Sanjay Chaturvedi and Timothy Doyle, Climate Terror: A Critical Geopolitics of Climate Change
Authors: Perera Sasanka
Published: July 2017

Sanjay Chaturvedi and Timothy Doyle, Climate Terror: A Critical Geopolitics of Climate Change. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, pp. xvi + 247, $ 100 (HB), $ 39 (PB). ISBN 978-0-230-24961-5 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-230-24962-2 (paperback).
Book Review: Jeffrey D. Sachs (2015). The Age of Sustainable Development
Authors: Jain Abhishek
Published: July 2017

Jeffrey D. Sachs (2015). The Age of Sustainable Development. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 544, ₹ 2272.
Book Review: Harinder S. Kohli (Ed.), The World In 2050: Striving for a More Just, Prosperous, and Harmonious Global Community
Authors: Bhalla Madhu
Published: July 2017

Harinder S. Kohli (Ed.), The World In 2050: Striving for a More Just, Prosperous, and Harmonious Global Community. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 475, ₹ 2,290.