bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Cornudas Mountains, Otero County, New Mexico
Authors: McLemore Virginia T. , Iverson Nels , Woodard Snir , Dietz Haley , Owen Evan , Haft Ethan B. , Childress Tristan , Trivitt Amy , Kelley Richard
Published: April 2023

Re-examination of the rare earth elements (REE) deposits in the Cornudas Mountains is warranted in light of today's economic importance of critical minerals, including REE that are essential in most of our electronic devices. New mapping, petrography, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and geochemical analyses have provided a better understanding of the emplacement of these intrusions and associated mineral deposits. The Cornudas Mountains form the northern Trans-Pecos alkaline magmatic province in the southern part of the North American Cordilleran alkaline-igneous belt. The igneous rocks in the Cornudas Mountains were emplaced in two pulses at 37.14-34.5 and 32.48-26.95 Ma, just prior to or during the early phases of Rio Grande rift extension, and consist of 1) larger nepheline syenite-syenite laccoliths and plugs, 2) phonolite plugs, sills, and dikes, 3) smaller syenite plugs and dikes that intrude Permian and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, and 4) volcanic breccia dikes. New USGS geophysical data indicate that some of these intrusions extend deep into the subsurface, with additional buried intrusions potentially at depth. The focus of REE exploration is along the lower unit (PEnsp2) of the Wind Mountain nepheline syenite laccolith, as well as within syenite-phonolite and volcanic breccia dikes, plugs and skarns and carbonate-replacement deposits in Chess Draw. Some samples contain as much as 3110 ppm total REE. REE could be leached from a mineral concentrate of the REE-bearing minerals (eudialyte, zircon, monazite, bastnasite, calcio-catapleiite, vitusite, roumaite, xenotime). We incorporate whole rock and clinopyroxene chemistry of each intrusion into the clinopyroxene-liquid geothermobarometer (Masotta, 2013) to determine the temperatures and pressures of emplacement. This thermometer provides higher crystallization temperature estimates for the syenite intrusions (857-1027 deg. C) than the phonolite sills (760-869 deg. C). We then use the barometric estimates (0.3-3.3 kbar) to calculate emplacement depths (1.2-12.3 km). Pairing these depths with the new geochronology, minimum exhumation rates for intrusions in the Cornudas Mountains are estimated that range from 0.04-0.34 mm/yr crystallization temperatures and exhumation rates provide additional information to aid in developing a model for the formation of REE deposits.
Impact of COVID-19 on Dairy Herd Profitability: A Review at the Global Level
Authors: Rahmani Shahraki Alireza , Mirzaei Ahmadreza , Badiei Arya , Bittar Joao H Jabur , Ruth  Mueller Kristina , Naserian Abasali , Razavi Seyed Amin
Published: April 2023

The occurrence of several pandemics in recent decades has posed a significant threat to human and animal health. The COVID-19 pandemic, which rapidly spread to 187 countries, has caused significant economic disruption in various industries, including the dairy industry. The dairy industry has been affected by supply chain disruptions, consumer behavior changes, and global demand shifts due to the pandemic. The present review aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly from the dairy farm level, and propose strategies for mitigating the effects of future global crisis events. The dairy industry, a major source of income for many dairy herds, was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The consumption patterns of milk and dairy products underwent substantial alterations, leading to decreased profitability of dairy farms due to disruptions in the supply chain, increased transportation costs resulting from transportation restrictions, and a shift in consumer purchasing behavior. These factors collectively resulted in reduced revenue from selling milk and dairy products. Heifer replacement considerations also impacted the economic viability of dairy farms. The pandemic caused a shortage of meat (beef, pork, poultry) and a surplus of milk. In addition to the abovementioned factors, the COVID-19 pandemic also impacted other economic indicators, such as gross returns from the sale of culled dairy animals and dairy feed costs. These impacts further amplified the financial challenges faced by the dairy industry and dairy farmers, underscoring the need for robust mitigation strategies and resilient policies to minimize the economic impact of pandemics and other crises. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the dairy industry, affecting supply chains and international commerce. Governments are encouraged to implement measures to mitigate the impact of future pandemics on the dairy sector. The authors of this review propose several recommendations for dairy farmers and veterinarians to increase their resilience in the face of future outbreaks. These recommendations include sourcing feed from reliable local farms, acquiring internet connectivity equipment to facilitate communication during travel restrictions, maintaining a sufficient supply of personal protective equipment, incorporating mechanization in farm operations, stockpiling essential veterinary medications and vaccines, and training technicians to perform veterinary procedures in emergencies when veterinary services are unavailable.
A Blockchain Based Secure Communication in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Dr.N.G.P Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, K Dhivya , Kanna Dr. R Rajesh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore - 560029
Published: April 2023

Efficiency can be a significant drawback in Blockchain technology, especially in resource-constrained environments such as vehicular communication networks. We proposed Adaptive Proof of Driving (APoD) consensus algorithm is designed specifically for Blockchain based Vehicular Communication Networks (VCN) operating in resource-constrained environments. By combining the First Come First Serve (FCFS) and Priority (Reputation) schemes, this algorithm aims to improve the energy and cost efficiency of Blockchain systems in vehicular networks while maintaining a secure and reliable communication environment. Proposed APoD consensus algorithm has the potential to make a significant contribution to the development of secure and reliable communication vehicular environments.
Sleep Quality among College Students: The Role of Binge-Watching and Stress
Authors:   Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Asiyah Siti Nur , Ramadhani Sierra En Nadia ,   Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of binge-watching and stress on student sleep quality. This study uses a quantitative method with a correlation approach with data collection techniques in the form of filling out a sleep quality scale, watching parties, and stress. The research instrument adapts the sleep quality scale (Buysse et al., 1989), the binge-watching scale of Forte et al., (2021) and the stress scale of Cohen et al., (1983). This study involved 355 Indonesian students who were taken by purposive sampling technique. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate the value of the t test with a significance of 0.000 (≤ 0.50). Based on these results, it can be understood that the more often students engage in binge-watching behavior and feel stressed, the worse the individual sleep quality will be. It is expected that students will be able to reduce behaviors that also affect sleep.
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Dana Desa Terhadap Pembangunan Infrastruktur di Desa Lubuk Terap Kecamatan Bandar Petalangan Kabupaten Pelalawan
Authors: Nurul Atifah  , Hamidi Wahyu , Desweni Selly Prima
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research is to examine how the residents of Lubuk Terap, located in the Bandar Petalangan District of Pelalawan Regency, have used village funds to improve the village's infrastructure. Primary information was used for this study. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to analyze the data in this study. Lubuk Terap is located in the Bandar Petalangan District of the Pelalawan Regency in Indonesia, and the analysis reveals that the village's simultaneous use of village funds has a significant impact on infrastructure development in the village. The R2 value, which represents the proportion of variance explained by the model, is 0.265, or 26.5%. This means that adjustments to how the village spends its money account for 26.5% of the observed changes in the development infrastructure of Lubuk Terap. Lubuk Terap village's development infrastructure has changed due to a combination of factors, only 26.5% of which are accounted for by the variables used in this analysis.
การระรานทางไซเบอร์และภาวะสุขภาพจิตของนิสิตจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัยชั้นปีที่ 1
Authors:   , จำนงค์ฤทธิ์ ธัญจิรา
Published: April 2023

การระรานทางไซเบอร์ เป็นปัญหาสำคัญในวัยเรียนที่เกิดขึ้นเมื่ออินเทอร์เน็ตกลายเป็นส่วนหนึ่งในชีวิตประจำวัน การเข้าถึงได้โดยไม่ต้องระบุตัวตนในสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ส่งผลให้การกลั่นแกล้งรังแกกันสามารถเกิดขึ้นได้ตลอดเวลาบนโลกอินเทอร์เน็ต ซึ่งทั้งหมดนี้อาจส่งผลต่อคุณภาพชีวิต และสุขภาพจิตของนิสิตได้ การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีรูปแบบการวิจัยเชิงพรรณนา ณ จุดเวลาใดเวลาหนึ่ง เพื่อศึกษาความชุกของการระรานทางไซเบอร์ คุณภาพชีวิตด้านจิตสังคม และสุขภาวะทางจิตในนิสิตชั้นปีที่ 1 จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย รวมทั้งศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการระรานทางไซเบอร์ คุณภาพชีวิต กับสุขภาพจิตของนิสิตชั้นปีที่ 1 จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย โดยเก็บรวมรวมข้อมูลจากนิสิตในปีการศึกษา 2563 จำนวน 1433 คน โดยใช้เครื่องมือ 1) แบบสอบถามข้อมูลทั่วไป 2) Cyber-Aggression Perpetration and Victimization Scale ฉบับภาษาไทย 3) แบบวัดคุณภาพชีวิตด้านจิตสังคม (CU student psychological well-being revised 2020) และ 4) แบบวัดสุขภาพจิตในคนไทย ฉบับปรับปรุง โดยจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย (The Thai Mental Health Questionnaire : TMHQ : CU-modified short form) สถิติที่ใช้ได้แก่ วิเคราะห์สถิติเชิงพรรณนา ได้แก่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย มัธยฐาน ค่าสู่งสุด ค่าต่ำสุด ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมตราฐาน การทดสอบ Chi-Square และ การวิเคราะห์ถดถอยโลจิสติก (Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis) ผลการศึกษาพบว่า นิสิตส่วนใหญ่เคยถูกระรานทางไซเบอร์ (52.7%) มีคุณภาพชีวิตด้านจิตสังคมในระดับกลาง (46.5%) มีค่าเฉลี่ยอยู่ที่ 35.55 และ S.D. เท่ากับ 6.94 โดยส่วนมากไม่พบปัญหาสุขภาพจิต (55.8%) เมื่อวิเคราะห์การถอดถอยพหุคูณพบว่าปัจจัยทำนายที่สัมพันธ์กับสุขภาพจิตได้แก่ การเคยถูกระรานทางไซเบอร์ (p<0.01) คุณภาพชีวิตด้านจิตสังคมในระดับต่ำ (p<0.01) เพศหญิง (p<0.01) คณะ (p<0.05) ศาสนาอื่น ๆ นอกเหนือจากศาสนาพุทธ (p<0.05)  ความไม่เพียงพอของค่าใช้จ่าย (p<0.05) ความชอบในสาขาวิชาน้อย (p<0.05) การเคยพบเพื่อนที่มีปัญหาสุขภาพจิต (p<0.01) จึงสรุปได้ว่า นิสิตที่เคยถูกระรานทางไซเบอร์จะมีโอกาสมีคุณภาพชีวิตด้านจิตสังคมในระดับต่ำ และมีโอกาพบปัญหาสุขภาพจิตได้มากกว่ากลุ่มที่ไม่เคยถูกระรานทางไซเบอร์
พฤติกรรมการติดโซเชียลมีเดียและความภาคภูมิใจในตนเองของนักเรียนมัธยมศึกษาตอนปลายในอำเภอหาดใหญ่ สำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษามัธยมศึกษา เขต 16
Authors:   , เหมือนจันทร์ มณฑิรา
Published: April 2023

การศึกษาครั้งนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงพรรณนา ณ ช่วงเวลาใดเวลาหนึ่ง มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาพฤติกรรมการติดโซเชียลมีเดีย ความภาคภูมิใจในตนเอง และปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้อง ในนักเรียนมัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย อำเภอหาดใหญ่ สำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษามัธยมศึกษา เขต 16 จำนวน 415 คน ตอบแบบสอบถาม ประกอบด้วย เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการเก็บข้อมูล แบบสอบถามข้อมูลส่วนบุคคลและพฤติกรรมการใช้โซเชียลมมีเดีย, แบบทดสอบการติดโซเชียลมีเดีย (Social media addiction test: SMAT), แบบวัดความภาคภูมิใจในตนเองของโรเซนเบิร์กฉบับปรับปรุง(The Revised version of Thai Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale: Revised Thai RSES), แบบประเมินคุณภาพการนอนหลับ ฉบับภาษาไทย (Thai version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, T PSQI), แบบวัดแบบวัดภาวะซึมเศร้า Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES D) ฉบับภาษาไทย

ผลการศึกษาพบว่า จากนักเรียนทั้งหมดร้อยละ 15.7 มีภาวะติดโซเชียลมีเดีย และกลุ่มนักเรียนส่วนใหญ่ ร้อยละ 61.7 มีความภาคภูมิใจอยู่ระดับปานกลาง, ร้อยละ 21.4 อยู่ในระดับต่ำและร้อยละ 16.9 อยู่ในระดับสูง ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรมการติดโซเชียลมีเดียอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ < .05 ได้แก่ การใช้ อินสตาแกรม ภาวะซึมเศร้า คุณภาพการนอนหลับที่ไม่ดี ระยะเวลาที่ใช้โซเชียลมีเดียในวันธรรมดาและวันหยุด ในขณะที่ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับความภาคภูมิใจในตนเองต่ำได้แก่ อายุที่ ≤ 17 ปี ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างตนเองกับบิดาแบบขัดแย้ง ภาวะซึมเศร้า คุณภาพการนอนหลับที่ไม่ดี และพบว่าพฤติกรรมการติดโซเชียลมีเดียมีความสัมพันธ์ทางลบกับความภาคภูมิใจในตนเอง

1 ใน 6 ของกลุ่มตัวอย่างจากการศึกษานี้มีภาวะติดโซเชียลมีเดีย ซึ่งผู้ที่ติดโซเชียลมีเดียพบว่ามีโอกาสมีระดับความภาคภูมิใจในตนเองต่ำและมีภาวะซึมเศร้ามากกว่า ดังนั้นนักเรียนที่มีความเสี่ยงควรได้รับการคัดกรองภาวะซึมเศร้า และผู้ที่เกี่ยวข้องควรให้การส่งเสริมและป้องกันเพื่อให้นักเรียนมีระดับภาคภูมิใจที่ดี และมีการใช้โซเชียลมีเดียลดลง
Factors related to behavior of mothers in child care influencing on diarrhea among children aged under 2 years in Myanmar
Authors:   , Oo Yair
Published: April 2023

Diarrhea among children aged under 2 years remains a huge challenge for Myanmar because it is the fourth leading cause of death among children aged under 5 years. This study aimed to find the association between maternal behavior in childcare and diarrhea among children aged under 2 years in Myanmar. Cross-sectional data was obtained from the 2015 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey used for the study. A total of 1655 children, aged 0–23 months and who are the youngest and lived with their mothers, were selected for this study. The prevalence of diarrhea among Myanmar children under two years old was 13.6%. The child’s age [AOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.5–3.1], early initiated breastfeeding [AOR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.02–1.8], exclusive breastfeeding [AOR = 3.1; 95%CI = 1.4–6.8] were all significantly associated with diarrhea among children aged under 2 years in Myanmar. Dissemination of health education about breastfeeding behavior to mothers and related factors can reduce the prevalence of diarrhea among children aged under 2 years in Myanmar.
A model of willingness to communicate in English in Iranian EFL classroom context
Authors:   , Amirzadi Azadeh
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between WTC in English in classroom context and four trait-like variables: L2 confidence, L2 motivation, L2 anxiety and grit, to propose a WTC model in EFL classroom setting in Iran, and to identify the best predicting variable of WTC in English. The participants were 488 non-English majored university students in two public and two private universities in Iran. The research instrument used in this study was an online questionnaire. The structural equation modeling (SEM) using Amos was conducted to analyze the data. The key findings are as follows. First, positive relationships were found between WTC in English and L2 confidence, L2 motivation, and grit  and a negative relationship was found between WTC in English and L2 anxiety.  Second, based on the finalized model, L2 confidence, L2 motivation, and L2 anxiety are the predicting variables of WTC in English in Iranian EFL classroom settings whereas grit serves as a mediator through L2 motivation and L2 anxiety. Lastly, L2 motivation was found to be the best predicting variable for WTC in English. In order to enhance the willingness to communicate in English with university students in Iran, English teachers are recommended to design their lessons to help students enhance and maintain L2 motivation, build L2 confidence, reduce L2 anxiety and develop grit.
Effects of digital literacies on English reading fluency for undergraduate students
Authors:   , Chottsawhas Pimpanitt
Published: April 2023

This mixed-methods study aimed to 1) examine the effects of Digital Literacies on reading fluency in terms of reading rate and reading comprehension, 2) investigate the uses of Digital Literacies. Participants comprised 60 third-year undergraduate students from a public university in Thailand (N = 60), the Faculty of Architecture, during a 10-week intervention. The independent variable was Digital Literacies, while the dependent variable was reading fluency. The instruments used to collect data were the Online English Reading Fluency Test, Reading Fluency Practice: Reading Rate Chart, and Learning Logs. Quantitative data were analyzed through students’ Online English Reading Fluency Test using Pair Sample t-test, while qualitative data were obtained through students’ Reading Fluency Practice: Reading Rate Chart and Learning Logs were analyzed through coding analysis.
The results from the Pair Sample t-test revealed that students significantly increased their reading fluency in both rate and comprehension. Students’ posttest scores from reading rate were higher than the pretest scores at a significant level (p<.05) with a medium effect size of .71, while students’ reading comprehension with a small effect size of .40. After the intervention. They reported positively upon four elements of Digital Literacies, including (1) Communication, (2) Information, (3) Collaboration, and (4) (Re-) Design. The study explained how each element enhanced reading fluency. Implications offered guidelines to integrate Digital Literacies into English reading instruction.
Detection of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in raw vegetables and fruits sold in fresh markets and supermarkets, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors:   , Srisamran Jutanat
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to compare the concentrations of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli, and the contamination of Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli O157: H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in raw vegetables and fruits between fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 405 produce samples, consisting of sweet basil, spring onion, coriander, cabbage, lettuce, cucumber and tomato, were randomly collected from seven fresh markets (n=203) and 29 supermarkets (n=202) in seven districts of Bangkok between June 2018 and July 2019. T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the concentrations of fecal coliforms and E. coli  (log10MPN/g) between fresh markets and supermarkets, and among different types of samples. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria between fresh markets and supermarkets, and among different types of samples. Overall, the average concentrations (±S.D.) of fecal coliforms and E. coli were 2.97 (±2.03), and 2.49 (±1.98) log10MPN/g. The prevalence of Salmonella was 7.16%, while Shigella, E. coli O157: H7 and L. monocytogenes were not detected in the samples. The concentrations of fecal coliforms and E. coli were significantly higher in fresh markets (3.85 and 3.41 log10MPN/g) than in supermarkets (2.08 and 1.57 log10MPN/g) (P<0.001). The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh markets (9.36%) was higher than those in supermarkets (4.95%) (P=0.085). The average concentrations of fecal coliforms and E. coli of sweet basil, coriander, and lettuce were significantly higher than spring onion, cabbage, cucumber and tomato. This maybe because sweet basil, coriander, and lettuce are leafy vegetables normally grown and harvested in proximity with the ground, while cucumber and tomato are vining crops, which are harvested off the ground. Cabbage consists of thick and compact leaves which could prevent bacterial contamination. This result indicated that the produce collected from supermarkets had better sanitation and met microbiological standard than fresh markets. Therefore, effective control measures should be implemented to meet microbiological standards and secure the safety of raw produce consumption in Thailand.
A Normal Supreme Court
Authors: Volokh Eugene
Published: April 2023

There is little new under the sun, especially when it comes to the Court and its critics. People have long argued that the Court is out of control; but in our sys-tem, rightly or wrongly, we have deliberately insulated the Court from certain kinds of control. As a result, the justices make decisions based on their own judgments, however controversial, about how to interpret the Constitution. This is just the normal operation of our Supreme Court, for better or worse. All that’s changing is which particular decisions are being made, and which partic-ular precedents are being reversed.
Fixing the Confirmation Process, or Fiddling While Rome Burns
Authors: Fredrickson Caroline
Published: April 2023

This Symposium was designed to address the question of “controlling the Court through a broken confirmation process: how to fix it going forward?” But before we can answer that question, we must answer: What is the problem to be addressed? Do we need to fix the confirmation process because it enables troubling outcomes or because the process itself raises concerns? My Essay will address both of these questions, suggesting that there is both a substantive problem and a normative one. Each of these questions could elicit different answers. The normative problem is that the confirmation process itself undermines rule of law and an independent judiciary (or at least its appearance). The substantive problem is that the Court’s rulings are wrong, out of step with broadly held public views, and dangerous to democracy itself. I argue it is misguided to think we can defer fixing the substantive problem and address only the normative problem initially. This Court poses a direct threat to our democracy and thus we need an immediate response to that existential danger.
Ceļa segas ilgtspējas novērtēšanas metodikas un rīka izstrāde un pielietošana dažādu materiālu un tehnoloģiju izvērtēšanai
Authors:   , Riekstiņš Artūrs
Published: April 2023

Promocijas darba gaitā izstrādāta metodika un rīks, ar ko iespējams novērtēt ceļa segas projekta ilgtspēju vides un ekonomiskajām dimensijām. Metodika un rīks balstīts dzīves cikla tehnikās. Izstrādātā metodika un rīks tika izmantots šajā promocijas darbā, lai novērtētu dažādu materiālu un tehnoloģiju vides un ekonomiskos parametrus. Novērtētie materiāli un tehnoloģijas ir ļoti plāna asfalta virskārta (BBTM), etilēna-oktēna-kopolimērs bitumena modifikators, ar nolietoto riepu gumiju modificēts bitumens, sarkanie māli kā bitumena modifikators, vieglie pelni ceļa segas pamatnes pastiprināšanai un ceļa segas pārbūves tehnoloģijas.
Russian modernist manifestos: the genre characteristics
Authors: Saveleva Mariia Sergeevna , Kritskaya Nadezhda Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2023

The paper deals with the features and functions of Russian Modernist manifestos. It is shown that proletarian writers adopted, refined and used in a specific manner for their own purposes some of the techniques implemented in the Silver Age theoretical declarations. This may account in part for the active use of the originally political term “manifesto” in the Soviet literary studies. In critical works from recent years one can observe a departure from this tradition.
The Use of Statistical Calculations in Determining the Necessary and Sufficient Volume of the Studied Material
Authors: Lalova Tat'yana Ivanovna
Published: April 2023

This article discusses the most common statistical computer programs for processing an array of data. The method of determining "manually" the required amount of experimental material is proposed. Based on the data of descriptive statistics, an analysis of a specific research situation is carried out using mathematical formulas that include a finite set of empirical data obtained in a sample of measurements, finding the "best" value for estimating the "exact" value of the measured value and determining the accuracy of measurements. As a result of the calculations performed, the percentage of permissible error is demonstrated, as well as the necessary amount of the studied material to reduce it. Based on the results of calculations, it becomes possible to draw a conclusion about the reliability of the results of the experiment. This article discusses the use of statistical software to prove the truth and reliability of the conclusions obtained as a result of experiments conducted in the course of scientific research. The given method - data analysis using statistical calculations is of great importance in various types of activities. Statistical data processing is an important element in any activity. In certain professions, statistical analysis is resorted to from time to time, in others - often or even daily. With its help, it is possible to study various data arrays, manage them, draw conclusions from the results obtained, formalize them into tables or present them in the form of graphs when compiling reports and preparing scientific articles.
Fecal transplant from myostatin deletion pigs positively impacts the gut-muscle axis
Authors: Luo Zhao-Bo , Han Shengzhong , Yin Xi-Jun , Liu Hongye , Wang Junxia , Xuan Meifu , Hao Chunyun , Wang Danqi , Liu Yize , Chang Shuangyan , Li Dongxu , Gao Kai , Li Huiling , Quan Biaohu , Quan Lin-Hu , Kang Jin-Dan
Published: April 2023

The host genome may influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the intestinal microbiota has a significant effect on muscle growth and development. In this study, we found that the deletion of the myostatin (MSTN) gene positively regulates the expression of the intestinal tight junction-related genes TJP1 and OCLN through the myosin light-chain kinase/myosin light chain pathway. The intestinal structure of MSTN−/− pigs differed from wild-type, including by the presence of a thicker muscularis and longer plicae. Together, these changes affect the structure of intestinal microbiota. Mice transplanted with the intestinal microbiota of MSTN−/− pigs had myofibers with larger cross-sectional areas and higher fast-twitch glycolytic muscle mass. Microbes responsible for the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were enriched in both the MSTN−/− pigs and recipient mice, and SCFAs levels were elevated in the colon contents. We also demonstrated that valeric acid stimulates type IIb myofiber growth by activating the Akt/mTOR pathway via G protein-coupled receptor 43 and ameliorates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. This is the first study to identify the MSTN gene-gut microbiota-SCFA axis and its regulatory role in fast-twitch glycolytic muscle growth.
A genetic variant of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) exacerbates hormone-mediated orexigenic feeding in mice
Authors: Balsevich Georgia , Petrie Gavin N , Heinz Daniel E , Singh Arashdeep , Aukema Robert J , Hunker Avery C , Vecchiarelli Haley A , Yau Hiulan , Sticht Martin , Thompson Roger J , Lee Francis S , Zweifel Larry S , Chelikani Prasanth K , Gassen Nils C , Hill Matthew N
Published: April 2023

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) degrades the endocannabinoid anandamide. A polymorphism in FAAH (FAAH C385A) reduces FAAH expression, increases anandamide levels, and increases the risk of obesity. Nevertheless, some studies have found no association between FAAH C385A and obesity. We investigated whether the environmental context governs the impact of FAAH C385A on metabolic outcomes. Using a C385A knock-in mouse model, we found that FAAH A/A mice are more susceptible to glucocorticoid-induced hyperphagia, weight gain, and activation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK inhibition occluded the amplified hyperphagic response to glucocorticoids in FAAH A/A mice. FAAH knockdown exclusively in agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons mimicked the exaggerated feeding response of FAAH A/A mice to glucocorticoids. FAAH A/A mice likewise presented exaggerated orexigenic responses to ghrelin, while FAAH knockdown in AgRP neurons blunted leptin anorectic responses. Together, the FAAH A/A genotype amplifies orexigenic responses and decreases anorexigenic responses, providing a putative mechanism explaining the diverging human findings.
High-resolution structures with bound Mn2+ and Cd2+ map the metal import pathway in an Nramp transporter
Authors: Ray Shamayeeta , Berry Samuel P , Wilson Eric A , Zhang Casey H , Shekhar Mrinal , Singharoy Abhishek , Gaudet Rachelle
Published: April 2023

Transporters of the Nramp (Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein) family import divalent transition metal ions into cells of most organisms. By supporting metal homeostasis, Nramps prevent diseases and disorders related to metal insufficiency or overload. Previous studies revealed that Nramps take on a LeuT fold and identified the metal-binding site. We present high-resolution structures of Deinococcus radiodurans (Dra)Nramp in three stable conformations of the transport cycle revealing that global conformational changes are supported by distinct coordination geometries of its physiological substrate, Mn2+, across conformations, and by conserved networks of polar residues lining the inner and outer gates. In addition, a high-resolution Cd2+-bound structure highlights differences in how Cd2+ and Mn2+ are coordinated by DraNramp. Complementary metal binding studies using isothermal titration calorimetry with a series of mutated DraNramp proteins indicate that the thermodynamic landscape for binding and transporting physiological metals like Mn2+ is different and more robust to perturbation than for transporting the toxic Cd2+ metal. Overall, the affinity measurements and high-resolution structural information on metal substrate binding provide a foundation for understanding the substrate selectivity of essential metal ion transporters like Nramps.
Axon guidance genes modulate neurotoxicity of ALS-associated UBQLN2
Authors: Kim Sang Hwa , Nichols Kye D , Anderson Eric N , Liu Yining , Ramesh Nandini , Jia Weiyan , Kuerbis Connor J , Scalf Mark , Smith Lloyd M , Pandey Udai Bhan , Tibbetts Randal S
Published: April 2023

Mutations in the ubiquitin (Ub) chaperone Ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2) cause X-linked forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) through unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that aggregation-prone, ALS-associated mutants of UBQLN2 (UBQLN2ALS) trigger heat stress-dependent neurodegeneration in Drosophila. A genetic modifier screen implicated endolysosomal and axon guidance genes, including the netrin receptor, Unc-5, as key modulators of UBQLN2 toxicity. Reduced gene dosage of Unc-5 or its coreceptor Dcc/frazzled diminished neurodegenerative phenotypes, including motor dysfunction, neuromuscular junction defects, and shortened lifespan, in flies expressing UBQLN2ALS alleles. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring UBQLN2ALS knockin mutations exhibited lysosomal defects while inducible motor neurons (iMNs) expressing UBQLN2ALS alleles exhibited cytosolic UBQLN2 inclusions, reduced neurite complexity, and growth cone defects that were partially reversed by silencing of UNC5B and DCC. The combined findings suggest that altered growth cone dynamics are a conserved pathomechanism in UBQLN2-associated ALS/FTD.
Retinal microvascular and neuronal pathologies probed in vivo by adaptive optical two-photon fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Zhang Qinrong , Yang Yuhan , Cao Kevin J , Chen Wei , Paidi Santosh , Xia Chun-hong , Kramer Richard H , Gong Xiaohua , Ji Na
Published: April 2023

The retina, behind the transparent optics of the eye, is the only neural tissue whose physiology and pathology can be non-invasively probed by optical microscopy. The aberrations intrinsic to the mouse eye, however, prevent high-resolution investigation of retinal structure and function in vivo. Optimizing the design of a two-photon fluorescence microscope (2PFM) and sample preparation procedure, we found that adaptive optics (AO), by measuring and correcting ocular aberrations, is essential for resolving putative synaptic structures and achieving three-dimensional cellular resolution in the mouse retina in vivo. Applying AO-2PFM to longitudinal retinal imaging in transgenic models of retinal pathology, we characterized microvascular lesions with sub-capillary details in a proliferative vascular retinopathy model, and found Lidocaine to effectively suppress retinal ganglion cell hyperactivity in a retinal degeneration model. Tracking structural and functional changes at high-resolution longitudinally, AO-2PFM enables microscopic investigations of retinal pathology and pharmacology for disease diagnosis and treatment in vivo.
Local generation and efficient evaluation of numerous drug combinations in a single sample
Authors: Elgart Vlad , Loscalzo Joseph
Published: April 2023

We develop a method that allows one to test a large number of drug combinations in a single-cell culture sample. We rely on the randomness of drug uptake in individual cells as a tool to create and encode drug treatment regimens. A single sample containing thousands of cells is treated with a combination of fluorescently barcoded drugs. We create independent transient drug gradients across the cell culture sample to produce heterogeneous local drug combinations. After the incubation period, the ensuing phenotype and corresponding drug barcodes for each cell are recorded. We use these data for statistical prediction of the treatment response to the drugs in a macroscopic population of cells. To further application of this technology, we developed a fluorescent barcoding method that does not require any chemical drug(s) modifications. We also developed segmentation-free image analysis capable of handling large optical fields containing thousands of cells in the sample, even in confluent growth condition. The technology necessary to execute our method is readily available in most biological laboratories, does not require robotic or microfluidic devices, and dramatically reduces resource needs and resulting costs of the traditional high-throughput studies.
Optical tools for visualizing and controlling human GLP-1 receptor activation with high spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Duffet Loïc , Williams Elyse T , Gresch Andrea , Chen Simin , Bhat Musadiq A , Benke Dietmar , Hartrampf Nina , Patriarchi Tommaso
Published: April 2023

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) is a broadly expressed target of peptide hormones with essential roles in energy and glucose homeostasis, as well as of the blockbuster weight-loss drugs semaglutide and liraglutide. Despite its large clinical relevance, tools to investigate the precise activation dynamics of this receptor with high spatiotemporal resolution are limited. Here, we introduce a novel genetically encoded sensor based on the engineering of a circularly permuted green fluorescent protein into the human GLP1R, named GLPLight1. We demonstrate that fluorescence signal from GLPLight1 accurately reports the expected receptor conformational activation in response to pharmacological ligands with high sensitivity (max ΔF/F0=528%) and temporal resolution (τON = 4.7 s). We further demonstrated that GLPLight1 shows comparable responses to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) derivatives as observed for the native receptor. Using GLPLight1, we established an all-optical assay to characterize a novel photocaged GLP-1 derivative (photo-GLP1) and to demonstrate optical control of GLP1R activation. Thus, the new all-optical toolkit introduced here enhances our ability to study GLP1R activation with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Tiempo de configuración y propiedades mecánicas de cementos de ceniza / escoria activados con álcali curados a temperatura ambiente
Authors: Caetano P. , Batista T. , Nogueira R. , Cabral A. , Costa H.
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar el comportamiento del estado fresco y endurecido de las pastas cementosas activadas con álcali obtenidas de la mezcla de cenizas de fondo/escoria BOF y cenizas volantes/escoria BOF. Para el propósito, se evaluaron las propiedades en el fresco y estado endurecido. Se produjeron diez pastas en dos sistemas separados, cuyas proporciones entre cenizas y escoria BOF fueron 100: 0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 y 0: 100 (cenizas volantes o cenizas de fondo: escoria BOF). En general, la adición de escoria de acero BOF actúa acelerando los tiempos de configuración, a temperatura ambiente de curado. Además, las curvas tensión-deformación demostraron que las cenizas pesadas y la escoria de acero BOF favorecen el comportamiento dúctil en tensión axial. Además, la adición de escoria BOF puede influir en las propiedades en estado fresco y endurecido. Por tanto, es factible utilizar escoria de acero combinada con ceniza de carbón en mezclas binarias alcalinas activadas.
Modelo evolutivo para la transición gradual a la Entrega Integrada de Proyectos (IPD)
Authors: Denis Granja A. , Atália Daniel Muianga E. , Augusto Picchi F. , Torres Formoso C.
Published: April 2023

Por años, los proyectos de construcción se han desarrollado y entregado usando métodos de entrega tradicionales. Sin embargo, esos métodos se han considerado ineficaces para lograr los objetivos reales del proyecto. Un modelo integrado y colaborativo, como la Entrega Integrada de Proyectos (IPD, por su sigla en inglés), un método de entrega basado en contratos relacionales ha atraído un interés creciente tanto en la academia como en la industria, pero aún escaso en Arquitectura, Ingeniería y Construcción (AIC). La mayoría de las investigaciones anteriores enfatizan en la identificación de las barreras y desafíos para implementar la IPD y pocos estudios se enfocan en desarrollar estrategias para superar esas limitaciones. Un número limitado de estudios aborda el cómo aprovechar los beneficios de la IPD en entornos AIC donde la colaboración entre las partes interesadas es deficiente. Esta investigación busca la forma de integrar la IPD en los proyectos de AIC cuando la colaboración aún es limitada. Se desarrolló un “Modelo Evolutivo de la IPD” y los lineamientos para su implementación para aplicaciones en tales ambientes. La Investigación en Ciencias del Diseño fue el enfoque adoptado en este studio para discutir y evaluar el modelo propuesto. El modelo enfatiza un proceso evolutivo y flexible para la aplicación de la IPD en proyectos en AIC. El modelo postula los elementos de IPD deseables y requeridos según los niveles de dificultad de aplicación, enfatizando la disposición de las partes interesadas para utilizarlo y la introducción gradual de la IPD en tales ambientes.
Efecto del tamaño del grano de caucho reciclado en el comportamiento de una mezcla asfáltica
Authors: Ochoa Díaz R. , Higuera Sandoval C.H.
Published: April 2023

La eliminación de una gran cantidad de desechos como plástico, botellas, llantas, etc., que se generan en grandes cantidades y producen un impacto y riesgo ambiental en las zonas donde se producen y almacenan. El presente estudio pretende utilizar el grano de caucho reciclado (GCR), proveniente de las llantas desechadas, en la fabricación de concreto asfáltico. Se diseñaron siete mezclas utilizando la metodología Marshall, una mezcla sin la adición de grano de caucho que será la mezcla base de comparación y seis mezclas con adición de 1% de grano caucho de diferentes tamaños, los cuales oscilan entre pasa tamiz de 4.76 mm (No. 40) y retenido tamiz de 0.075 mm (No. 200). Una vez determinadas las respectivas fórmulas de trabajo se realizaron pruebas de desempeño como: susceptibilidad al daño por humedad, resistencia a la deformación plástica, módulo resiliente, resistencia a la fatiga y resistencia al deslizamiento a cada una de las mezclas. Los resultados demuestran que la incorporación de grano de caucho produce en algunos casos una leve disminución en el contenido óptimo de cemento asfáltico, incremento en la estabilidad Marshall, mejora de la deformación plástica, incremento en la resistencia, mejor vida a la fatiga en comparación con la mezcla convencional. Los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio indican que, al utilizar grano de caucho reciclado, se pueden obtener concretos asfálticos con mejores características técnicas requeridas y se pueden construir un pavimento amigable con el medio ambiente.
Efecto de distintas dosis de nitrógeno en la expresión de resistencia de plantas de quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) frente a insectos defoliadores
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Molina Castillo Jorge Eduardo
Published: April 2023

La interacción insecto-planta está determinado por las condiciones abióticas del entorno. Por lo que estudiar el efecto del déficit nutricional en la interacción es una de las formas de abordarlo. El estudio de la expresión de resistencia de la quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) en situación de déficit nutricional y frente a insectos defoliadores no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. El objetivo general de evaluar el efecto de distintas dosis de nitrógeno en plantas de quinoa y en la expresión de resistencia a insecto defoliador. Las plantas fueron sometidas a tres dosis de nitrógeno (0,1, 0,5 y 1 g N/planta) y se dividieron en tres subgrupos para realizar mediciones de crecimiento y características físico-químicas de las plantas; y del crecimiento y desarrollo de los Noctuidos. Se observó que la quinoa tiene altura y rendimiento menor con dosis baja de nitrógeno. También, plantas defoliadas mecánicamente tuvieron rendimiento de grano similar a mismas dosis aplicadas, presentando capacidad de compensar. Respecto a los aspectos físico-químicas de las hojas, dosis bajas generar un contenido de nitrógeno foliar menor, y una mayor densidad de tricomas, tanto en la cara abaxial como adaxial, y una masa foliar específica mayor. En el crecimiento y desarrollo de insectos, hubo una menor supervivencia, peso de pupa y tasa de crecimiento relativo en insectos que se alimentaron de plantas sometidas a dosis bajas, pero estos consumieron más masa seca total y tuvieron una tasa de consumo relativo. No se encontraron diferencias en el peso máximo larval ni peso del último estado larval.
Rol del líder educativo, una perspectiva teórica teatral : estudio de caso de la Escuela de las Artes y la Tecnología de Maipú
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Guarda Rosas Constanza
Published: April 2023

El presente estudio de caso, realizado en la Escuela de las Artes y la Tecnología de Maipú, tuvo como propósito levantar una mirada teatral sobre el liderazgo escolar, construyendo una alternativa teórica y práctica de entenderlo y aplicarlo, derivando en un diseño de formación de líderes escolares. Este es un estudio descriptivo de dos casos, Director y Jefa de Unidad Técnico Pedagógica, con métodos de interpretación cualitativa. Se utilizó un marco interpretativo desarrollado con fines teóricos adaptado del teatro Brechtiano (Benjamin, 1990; Chiarini, 1969; Desuché, 1968) y el enfoque del liderazgo crítico de autores como Gunter (2001; 2006). La investigación se desarrolló durante 2018 y 2019 mediante treinta y cuatro registros de observación directa, las que fueron analizadas por rúbrica analítica fundamentada en la teoría teatral. Dentro de los resultados es posible observar que los factores que influyen en el buen desempeño de estos líderes escolares responden en gran medida al manejo de herramientas personales, así como también al desarrollo de espacios sociales con la comunidad, una de las audiencias más directas de los líderes escolares. Por tanto, se puede definir como un “escenario” y abordar a los directivos observados durante los consejos de profesores. Frente a esta realidad investigada un trabajo formativo-interpretativo de construcción de rol de líderes mediante el lenguaje teatral de Brecht, y una mirada crítica del liderazgo escolar podría ayudar a estrechar el diálogo transdisciplinario para entender el constructo de rol que se implica en la gestión educativa.
Prácticas pedagógicas inclusivas en la implementación curricular de un curso de Segundo Nivel de Transición
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Solorza Molina Alejandra
Published: April 2023

El presente estudio de caso busca analizar las prácticas pedagógicas inclusivas que emanan de la implementación curricular, en un curso de segundo nivel de transición. Para ello, se aplicó una entrevista semi estructurada y la observación directa a una muestra conformada por una educadora de párvulos de un colegio particular pagado de la Región Metropolitana. Por medio de un análisis temático, se identificaron tres categorías: relación docente y diversidad; relación gestión de aula y diversidad; y relación comunidad educativa y diversidad. Asimismo, se pudo constatar que las prácticas inclusivas del curso en estudio, se desarrollan de manera aislada. Esto quiere decir que las estrategias educativas inclusivas carecen de un proceso planificado, coordinado y estructurado. Por tanto, se refuerza la idea de que los discursos sobre inclusión no son suficientes para potenciar la atención a la diversidad en las aulas. Para transformar este hallazgo, se considera pertinente generar una propuesta de mejora que resignifique el abordaje de aspectos inclusivos en la implementación curricular. Para finalizar, se presenta la relevancia de este estudio para el posicionamiento profesional de la autora, en el marco de la finalización de un Programa de Magister en Educación.
Direitos das Pessoas com deficiência: analisando casos de indeferimento na isenção tributária de IPVA
Authors: Pinto Ísis Santos , Mathias Brunna , De Souza Aljacyro Balduino , Ferreira Thaís Xavier de Paiva
Published: April 2023

A isenção de IPVA (imposto sobre propriedade de veículos automotores) pode ser demandada por pessoas com deficiência (PcD) através de processos administrativos nas Secretarias Estaduais de Fazenda. Estas isenções são instrumentos para a execução de políticas públicas, que buscam mitigar a desigualdade social e alcançar objetivos governamentais. Este trabalho analisou indeferimentos destes pedidos de isenção na Secretaria de Estado de Fazenda do Rio de Janeiro (SEFAZ-RJ), abordando a motivação e argumentação por parte dos agentes públicos envolvidos na não concessão do benefício. Diante dos resultados foram discutidos o distanciamento entre possuir e ter acesso a um direito, assim como gargalos no reconhecimento dos direitos das PcD. Neste contexto, avaliação biopsicossocial apresenta-se como uma opção de superação dos óbices apresentados.
ICMS sobre combustíveis e inflação no Brasil: uma análise dos crescimentos observados através da correlação de Pearson
Authors: Miranda Carla Raquel Almeida , Campos Edmilson Soares , Freire Fátima de Souza
Published: April 2023

O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar como o crescimento entre a arrecadação de ICMS sobre os combustíveis e a inflação estão relacionados através da correlação de Pearson. Visando mapear a associação entre as variáveis, a princípio foi realizada análise nas legislações estaduais, em busca das alíquotas de ICMS estabelecidas pelos estados. Além disso foram analisadas as metas de inflação, arrecadação estadual de ICMS sobre combustíveis, preços de negociação de petróleo Brent e de revenda de gasolina tipo A nos postos espalhados pelo Brasil. Os dados coletados foram organizados em planilhas de Excel e sobre estes foi aplicada a fórmula para obtenção da correlação de Pearson. Também foram geradas matrizes de correlação entre todos os dados coletados, divididos em anos. A partir das análises realizadas foi possível concluir que a correlação entre a arrecadação de ICMS sobre combustíveis não obteve coeficiente forte entre 2018 e 2020. Entretanto, em 2021 o resultado obtido foi de um coeficiente de correlação forte, evidenciando que os dados coletados se comportam de maneira semelhante neste ano. Esta pesquisa pretendeu colaborar com a literatura sobre a relação entre os impostos cobrados sobre o consumo e o aumento da inflação no Brasil, e servir de auxílio para pesquisadores que futuramente se interessem pelo assunto.