bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Melanocortin Receptor Type 4 (MC4R) Gene in Semen of Etawah Crossbreed and Senduro Goats
Authors: Belgania Ristaqul Husna , Utomo Budi , Mustofa Imam , Kholifah Yayuk , Amrullah Muhammad Fajar
Published: October 2023

Etawah crossbreed and Senduro goats as superior local goats and biological genetic resources that must be preserved in Indonesia. Melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R) is the primary gene that regulates food intake and energy balance which can be used as a candidate marker for livestock selection genes. This study aimed to analyze the comparison of cement quality and detect the profile of the MC4R gene in Etawah crossbreed and Senduro goat semen. The samples of this study were Etawah crossbreed and Senduro goat semen. Macroscopic examination of cement includes the evaluation of volume, consistency, odor, color, and pH. Microscopic examination of semen includes motility, abnormalities, and spermatozoa concentration. Examination of motility was performed in the condition of fresh semen, after the addition of diluents, and post-thawing of frozen straw. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was performed to amplify specific fragments of the MC4R gene. There was a decrease in spermatozoa motility before freezing and post-thawing frozen semen compared to fresh semen. The quality of frozen straw post-thawing Etawah crossbreed and Senduro goat was still worth using for artificial insemination and in vitro embryo production. The MC4R gene can be detected in liquid and frozen semen from Etawah crossbreed and Senduro goats using a PCR test in the form of a single band along 642 bp.
Incidence of Eimeria spp. in Fat-Tailed Sheep Breed in Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Nurdianti Nurdianti , Yunus Muchammad , Mufasirin Mufasirin
Published: October 2023

Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. is a parasitic disease that affects various animal species, including sheep. This study aimed to detect Eimeria spp. and the degree of infection in the fat-tailed sheep breed in Malang. This study used fecal samples from 62 fat-tailed sheep. Detection of Eimeria spp. was performed by using the flotation method and then observed the morphology of the oocysts found in the fecal samples of fat-tailed sheep. The positive sample was followed by the McMaster test to calculate oocysts per gram (OPG). The results showed that 20 (32%) samples were positively infected by Eimeria spp. with the degree of infection in the severe category.
Efficacy of Oregano Extract Ointment on Fibroblast Cells and Epidermis in Albino Rats with Excisional Wound Model
Authors: Lesmana Muhammad Arfan , Amri Indah Amalia , Cahyanissa Ardilla Rachma , Geoputri Kartika Myrnandari , Anisa Agri Kaltaria , Hardian Andreas Bandang
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to determine the effect of oregano extract ointment therapy on the number of fibroblast cells and the epidermal thickness in excised wounds. The experimental animals used were 20 male Wistar strain albino rats, 12 weeks old, weighing 100–150 g, divided into 5 treatment groups i.e., (C-) not excised and without ointment, (C+) excised and without ointment, and the treatment group were excised using a 5 x 5 mm biopsy punch and treated with oregano extract ointment using concentrations of (T1) 3%, (T2) 6% and (T3) 9% twice daily for 14 days in an excised wound. The variables observed in this study were the number of fibroblast cells and the epidermal thickness by the HE staining method then measured using ImageJ. Data analysis used the One-Way ANOVA test followed by the Tukey test (p < 0,05). The results showed a decrease in the number of fibroblast cells and an increase in the epidermal thickness in the 6% concentration ointment. This study concluded that the administration of oregano extract ointment with a concentration of 6% was the optimal concentration in accelerating the final proliferative phase, characterized by a decrease in fibroblast cells and an increase in epidermal thickness.
Mammary Tumors in Dogs, Recent Perspectives and Antiangiogenesis as a Therapeutic Strategy: Literature Study
Authors: Sewoyo Palagan Senopati , Adi Anak Agung Ayu Mirah , Winaya Ida Bagus Oka , Wirata I Wayan
Published: October 2023

A particular type of tumor that is frequently detected in female dogs who are sexually active is a mammary tumor. Neoplasia results from DNA-based alterations in cell cycle regulating genes. The mammary gland is prone to the formation of tumors due to its dynamic structure. The development of this tumor is supported by numerous variables. It has been recently discovered that there is substantial evidence linking the BRCA2 gene to the process of cancer. Standard examination techniques, such as fine needle aspiration, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry, are used along with ancillary tests to determine the tumor type and degree of malignancy. The primary treatment option for malignant tumors is surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy; benign tumors necessitate surgical resection as well. Adjuvant therapy options include hormone therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Tumor tissue undergoes angiogenesis as it grows and develops to accommodate the abundant supply of nutrients. Therefore, angiogenesis-inhibiting therapies can be utilized to halt the growth of tumor cells. A number of antiangiogenic medications are now being studied in clinical settings on humans, and several more are undergoing trials on animals. In addition to pharmaceuticals, viruses may be used as a therapeutic to block tumor angiogenesis.
Rhipicephalus sanguineus Infestation with Ehrlichiosis in Shitzu-Pomeranian Crossbred Dogs Treated using Red Fermented Rice: A Case Report
Authors: Diana Kadek Leni Martha , Jayanti Putu Devi , Batan I Wayan
Published: October 2023

This report aimed to provide information on the diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutic evaluation of Ehrlichiosis in crossbreed dogs treated using red fermented rice. A Shitzu-Pomeranian crossbreed was indicated with decreased appetite, weight loss, and the presence of high levels of pruritus due to suffering from blood parasites. Physical examination showed an infestation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus around the eyes and back area. A complete hematological examination and blood smear showed leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, increased granulocytes, and the presence of intracytoplasmic bodies in monocytes. The results of the examination using the test kit showed that the sample was positive for Ehrlichiosis. Treatment using Doxycycline (5 mg/kg BW, for 28 days), Ivermectin 1% (0,2 ml SC), Diphenhydramine HCl 10 mg/kg (1,1 ml IM), Chlorpheniramine maleate (1 tablet/day for 14 days), Vitamin B12 (1 tablet/day for 28 days), and 5 ml of red fermented rice solution twice a day for 21 days. After 21 days, the whole treatment reported the appetite returned to normal, reduced infestation of R. sanguineus, and reduced frequency of pruritus.
PENGUKURAN LAJU DAN VOLUME INFILTRASI PADA BERBAGAI KELAS PENUTUPAN LAHAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI TABUNIO PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Bagaskara Afryanda Eka , Syam'ani Syam'ani , Nisa Khairun
Published: October 2023

Infiltration is the process by which water penetrates the soil, most often through the surface. The Tabunio Watershed is one of the watersheds that plays an essential role in agriculture, plantations, industry, and the domestic interests of Tanah Laut Regency. Infiltration measurements were carried out on several land covers in the Tabunio watershed. This study aimed to calculate the infiltration rate on several different land covers in the Tabunio Watershed and calculate the infiltration volume in the Tabunio Watershed, South Kalimantan Province. Land cover interpreted visually using Sentinel-2 MSI Imagery. Each class of land cover resulting from visual interpretation was measured by infiltration rate and volume in the field using an infiltrometer. Horton's method is used in calculating the infiltration rate and volume. The highest infiltration rate was found in forest land cover with a value of 18.902 mm/hour, including a bit slower infiltration classification, while the lowest infiltration rate was in paddy fields with a value of 1.853 mm/hour. The highest infiltration volume founded in forest land cover with a value of 8.225 mm3 and the lowest infiltration volume was found in paddy fields with a value of 1.149 mm3Infiltrasi adalah proses dimana air menembus tanah sebagian besar melalui permukaan. Daerah Aliran Sungai Tabunio merupakan salah satu DAS yang berperan sangat penting bagi pertanian, perkebunan, industri dan kepentingan domestik di Kabupaten Tanah Laut. Pengukuran infiltrasi dilakukan pada beberapa tutupan lahan yang terdapat pada DAS Tabunio. Tujuan: penelitian ini yaitu: menghitung laju infiltrasi pada beberapa tutupan lahan yang berbeda pada DAS Tabunio dan menghitung besarnya volume infiltrasi DAS Tabunio Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Penutupan lahan diinterpretasi secara visual menggunakan Citra Sentinel-2 MSI. Setiap kelas penutupan lahan yang dihasilkan dari interpretasi visual selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran laju dan volume infiltrasi di lapangan menggunakan infiltrometer.  Metode Horton digunakan dalam perhitungan laju dan volume infiltrasi. Laju infiltrasi tertinggi terdapat pada tutupan lahan hutan dengan nilai 18,902 mm/jam termasuk kriteria infiltrasi agak lambat sedangkan laju infiltrasi terendah pada tutupan lahan sawah dengan nilai 1,853 mm/jam. Volume infiltrasi tertinggi terdapat pada tutupan lahan hutan dengan nilai 8,225 mm3 dan volume infiltrasi terendah terdapat pada tutupan lahan sawah dengan nilai 1,149 mm3
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) DENGAN BERBAGAI DOSIS MIKORIZA PADA MEDIA TANAH BEKAS TAMBANG INTAN
Authors: Srianjelina Farisma Rohani Deli , Pujawati Eny Dwi , Yamani Ahmad
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the growth of sengon seedlings in former diamond mining soil and to analyze the effect of mycorrhizal administration and the correct dosage on sengon growth. The data analysis used was using the RAL method with 5 treatments and 10 repetitions. Treatment A (without mycorrhiza), treatment B (5 grams), treatment C (10 grams), treatment D (15 grams) and treatment E (20 grams). Parameters measured were calculating the percentage of life, stem height of plant seeds, number of leaf blades and increase in diameter. The percentage of survival of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) seedlings on ex-diamond mining soil media was 94%. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) had a very significant effect on all parameters measured, followed by using Duncan's test. Treatment E (20 grams) was very significantly different and was the best treatment from the other treatments. The increase looks very real due to the ability of mycorrhizae to accelerate the increase in height, number of leaves and stem diameterPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bibit sengon dapat tumbuh pada media tanah bekas tambang intan dan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian mikoriza serta dosis yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan sengon. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan metode RAL dengan 5 perlakuan dan 10 perulangan. Perlakuan A (tanpa mikoriza), perlakuan B (5 gram), perlakuan C (10 gram), perlakuan D (15 gram) dan perlakuan E (20 gram). Parameter yang diukur adalah menghitung persentase hidup, tinggi batang bibit tanaman, jumlah helaian daun dan pertambahan diameter. Persentase hidup bibit sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) pada media tanah bekas tambang intan sebesar 94%. Hasil analisis keragaman (ANOVA) berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap semua parameter diukur, dilanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan. Perlakuan E (20 gram) berbeda sangat nyata dan merupakan perlakuan terbaik dari perlakuan lainnya. Kenaikan terlihat sangat nyata dikarenakan kemampuan mikoriza yang dapat mempercepat bertambahnya tinggi, jumlah daun dan diameter batang
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION STUDY OF COAL ASH CONTENT AS POTENTIAL MATERIAL
Authors: Karmaili Karmaili , Elma Muthia , Wianto Totok , Mizwar Andy , Huda Nurul , Suhendra Satria Anugerah , Rahma Aulia
Published: October 2023

Coal in Indonesia is used as fuel for power plants to support the availability of electricity. Besides that, several industries such as the cement, paper, textile, and fertilizer also use coal as fuel for production process. Due to that the coal waste such as ash was generating as increasing coal usage. Therefore, further research was carried out to investigate ash content and chemical composition of coal with various types of calories in the South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan. In addition, this study provides information about management and potential processing of coal ash so that environmental pollution able to minimized. The method used to obtain primary data to determine the content of each parameter is by direct testing on each parameter for variations in the type of coal calorie. As a result, coal with low to high value has a percentage of ash content, respectively 2.5%; 2.3% and 9.7% and mineral content, respectively 77.40%; 0,96% and 95.06%. As well as the chemical composition of coal for SiO2, respectively 26.56%; 30;50% and 58.76%, Al2O3 respectively 11.14%, 12.41% and 28.86%, Fe2O3 respectively 16.12%, 16.40% and 4.24%. CaO and TiO2 respectively 0.50%, 0.64% and 1.53%. The results obtained, namely the value of ash content and the amount of minerals show an increase in each variation of the type of coal calories as well as the economic value shows a graph that always increases.
Mengetahui Tanggapan Publik Terhadap Inisiatif Sosial Perusahaan
Authors: Azizah Khairunnisa Nurul
Published: October 2023

The Corporate Social Initiatives (CSI) is an essential component in increasing public acceptance of the company. Previous research has shown that corporate social marketing is the most effective type of corporate social initiative in influencing the company's image in the public's eyes. Social media is one of the new communication channel options to socialize the company's social initiatives to the public due to the high number of social media users in Indonesia. This study explores how corporate social initiatives and message content affect public responses to posts on social media specifically for corporate social responsibility from Pertamina, namely the Pertamina Foundation.
Imposition Of Income Tax On Tiktokers Based On Tax Regulations In Indonesia
Authors: Syailendra Moody Rizqy , Aprilia Indah , Yuan Luo
Published: October 2023

The virtual world has provided various benefits and new opportunities in various fields of human life. One of these opportunities is through social media. As social media platforms have grown, many people are now changing their careers to become content providers. Beyond just seeking pleasure, Tiktok has given its users a ton of options to earn a living. Creative industry players get enormous opportunities to earn income from Tiktok through the various content they create. Tax responsibilities have emerged for Tiktokers because of the increase in persons switching occupations to become Tiktokers and benefit/earn from Tiktok in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical approach with statutory and factual approaches. Based on this research, it can be concluded: First, the imposition of income tax on the Tiktoker profession adheres to a self-assessment system, thus the calculation processes up to reporting are completed directly by the Taxpayer in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations. Tiktokers carry out their job by doing evaluations and advertising things that they have praised. Tiktokers then get rewarded for the review videos he has made and uploaded. This is then what is income or profit for Tiktokers. Tiktokers can be subject to the provisions in Article 21 UUPPh in calculating their Income Tax, where this provision applies to artistic workers and those who do not have an agency, as well as freelancers and private employees.
The Characteristics of Song Copyright in Bank Debt Guarantees
Authors: Novira Elyana , Putri Prima Resi , Nutakor Briggs Samuel Mawunyo
Published: October 2023

By focusing on the Indonesian context and based on Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, this study analyzes the characteristics of copyright to songs as assets that can be pledged as collateral, as well as the impacts and implications of copyright utilization in the financial sector and creative industries. The results of the research show that copyright has the potential to be used as collateral in debt transactions at banks. Factors such as the economic value of the work, exclusive control, legal protection, and regular income allow copyright to be used as collateral. Copyright law regulates the process of guaranteeing, utilizing, and executing copyright as security. The use of copyright as collateral has a positive impact on the financial sector and the creative industry. Diversification of bank portfolios, easier access to finance for creative industry players, as well as increased innovation and creativity are the identified impacts. However, there are also challenges, such as complex copyright value assessments and potential conflicts of interest between rights owners and financial institutions.
Production, Fishing Season and Fishing Ground of the Dominant Fish (Euthynnus affinis, Mene maculata, Leiognathus equulus) Caught by Boat Seine in Palabuhanratu Indonesia
Authors: Imron Mohammad , Baskoro Mulyono S , Komarudin Didin
Published: October 2023

Boat Seine net is a very productive fishing gear in Nusantara Fisheries Port (NFP) Palabuhanratu. Boat Seine was a fishing unit that has the third largest contribution to the provision of fish stocks in 2019, which is 9% of the total production volume of NFP Palabuhanratu after lift net (40%) and longline (35%). The purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of the main catch, productivity, fishing season and to analyse the fishing ground in Palabuhanratu Bay. The type of data collected in this study was quantitative data. Primary data from interviews and field observations of fish landing activities at Palabuhanratu in October 2020 were used to compile this study's data, which included the type of fishing gear used, the composition of the types, and the production of the catch. Secondary data collected were monthly catches and trips made by Boat Seine fishing units. By analyzing the data of Boat Seine net fishing from 2015 to 2019, descriptive analysis method was used to investigate the composition of Boat Seine net catch. The results of the research showed that mackerel (Euthynnus affinis), moonfish (Mene maculata), and ponyfish (Leiognathus equulus) are the dominant fishes caught at the Palabuhanratu waters. The productivity level of Boat Seine net was 348 Kg/Trip in 2015, which increased to 603 Kg/Trip in 2019. The mackerel season occurs around May to September and November. Moonfish fishing season occurs in March, September and October. Ponyfish fishing season occurs in January, March, May, October, November, and December. Boat Seine net fishing grounds in the waters of Palabuhanratu Bay are relatively stationary around the waters of Palabuhanratu Bay.Keywords: CPUE, Fishing Area, Fishing Season Index, Productivity
Blood Health Indicators Changes Induced by Replacing Fish meal with Lentil seed meal in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Hassan Bakhan Rafiq , Abdulrahman Nasreen Mohialddin , Ahmad Vian Muhamad , Abdulla Zaweta Sharif
Published: October 2023

According to the research, substituting a fish meal with a plant protein source in a fish diet presents several difficulties. As a result, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting lentil seed meal meal for fish meal in the diet of Cyprinus carpio using a variety of blood health indices. Five different diets were created by replacing FM with 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20% lentil seed meal meal. A total of 150 common carp with an initial weight of 103.8±0.5g are randomly distributed into 15 tanks for 70 days, at a rate of 3% live weight per day and two times each day. Blood samples were obtained from five fish in each tank at the end of the feeding trial to analyze hematological and biochemical parameters. Hematological and differential leukocyte counts showed no significant changes (p<0.05). Also, dietary treatments had no effect on serum glucose and total proteins (Albumin and Globulin). However, serum enzyme activity (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), triglycerides, and total cholesterol were increased significantly (p<0.05) as the amount of lentil seed meal meal in the diet grew. According to the findings of this study, the maximum amounts of lentil seed meal replacement in Cyprinus carpio diets might be between 15 and 20% of total protein sources without causing adverse effects on hematological and certain plasma biochemical markers. ?Keywords: Biochemical, Common Carp, Hematology, Plant Protein
The Journey to Clonal Hematopoiesis and Applications Incardiovascular Disease and Cancer
Authors: Redondo Santiago , Perez de Oteyza Jaime
Published: October 2023

: For a long time, atherosclerosis has been regarded as a mere lipid deposit in the blood vessels. However, in the recent years a growing body of experimental and clinical evidence have highlighted the role of inflammation and immunity as a central mechanism of disease. Moreover, in the last decade the coming of next-generation sequencing and its application to large human population has broken the barrier between inflammation and cancer. Indeed, acquired mutation in key genes related to the control of hematopoiesis and myeloproliferation have paved the way to establish the new concept of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. This phenomenon is being considered not such “indeterminate”, but as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Thus, this may explain the mechanisms of myeloproliferation and inflammation in atherosclerosis. And in a bidirectional journey, it has helped to explain the extremely high cardiovascular risk in cancer survivors, in particular in myeloprolfierative neoplasm patients. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may pave the way for the future early diagnosis and potential preemptive treatments of the leading worldwide cause of death.
Lightning under different land use and cover, and the influence of topography in the Carajás Mineral Province, Eastern Amazon
Authors: Paes Ana Paula , Ferreira Douglas Silva , Nascimento Jr. Wilson da Rocha , Souza-Filho Pedro Walfir Martins e , Pinto Jr Osmar , Lima Francisco José Lopes de , Bourscheidt Vandoir , Mattos Enrique Vieira , Costa Claudia Priscila Wanzeler da , Nogueira Neto Antônio Vasconcelos , Tedeschi Renata Gonçalves
Published: October 2023

Keywords: Lightning; Land Cover and Land Use; Topographic Effects, Itacaiúnas River Hydrographic Basin
Research on Moisture Stability of Asphalt Mixtures with Three Solid Waste Fillers
Authors: Hu Jinxuan , Chen Yuyi , Chen Meizhu , Yu Yang , Song Shiyu , Wu Jie , Qin Xiantao
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the use of solid waste fillers to partially replace natural fillers in asphalt mixtures to produce high-performance asphalt mixtures has received widespread attention. However, differences in the material properties of solid waste fillers remain a problem for this recycling method. To address this issue, limestone powder in asphalt mixtures was replaced by three solid waste fillers (steel slag powder, tailings powder and calcium carbide slag powder) in this study. The chemical composition of the fillers was first characterized to assess the homogeneity of the material. Then, AC and SMA asphalt mixtures were designed and produced and characterized for wet stability. The results showed that asphalt mixtures with solid waste fillers were superior to LP asphalt mixtures in terms of resistance to water damage, and steel slag powder showed the best improvement in moisture stability of asphalt mixtures. The optimum substitution of solid waste filler for limestone filler was 25%. In addition, the moisture stability of asphalt mixture with limestone filler was significantly improved with the addition of anti-stripping agents. In contrast, the moisture stability of asphalt mixtures with solid waste filler was slightly improved. Solid waste fillers could be used in asphalt mixtures and have a similar function as the anti-stripping agent. In summary, the use of solid waste fillers to replace mineral fillers in asphalt mixtures is a reliable, value-added, recycling option.
Thermostatistics, Information, Subjectivity, Why Is This Association So Disturbing?
Authors: Lairez Didier
Published: October 2023

Although information theory resolves inconsistencies (known under the form of famous enigmas) of the traditional approach of thermostatistics, its place in the corresponding literature is not what it deserves. This is interpreted as being mainly due to epistemological rather than scientific reasons: the subjectivity introduced into physics is perceived as a problem. This paper attempts to expose and clarify where exactly this subjectivity lies: in the representation of the reality and in probabilistic inference. Two aspects which have been integrated into the practice of science for a long time and which should no longer frighten anyone, but which become explicit with information theory.
A Coupled Simulated Annealing and Particle Swarm Optimization Reliability-Based Design Optimization Strategy under Hybrid Uncertainties
Authors: Yang Shiyuan , Wang Hongtao , Xu Yihe , Guo Yongqiang , Pan Lidong , Zhang Jiaming , Guo Xinkai , Meng Debiao , Wang Jiapeng
Published: October 2023

With the engineering system becoming more and more complex, the uncertainty factors have a more and more profound influence on the reliability and security of the engineering system. In recent years, Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) has been studied extensively in complex engineering system design. The research on reliability optimization design considering stochastic uncertainty has been comprehensive and widely used. However, the reliability optimization design considering mixed uncertainty has the disadvantages of large computation and imprecise convergence. This study proposes an RBDO method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA) to overcome this challenge. In the method, PSO is used to solve the most probable point, while SA has excellent global optimization capability to acquire the global optimal solution. Finally, three examples are given to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.
The Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on Light Duty Electric Vehicle Adoption and Rebates in California.
Authors: Okoma Makuochukwu
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This study investigates the effect of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) on light-duty Electric Vehicle sales and the Total California rebates. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) are infrastructure facilities that allow for the charging of electric vehicles (EVs). I applied the before and after model with California state county using its community-level attributes and used the difference-in-difference design to identify a strategy for estimating the causal effects of these attributes. These attributes include EVCS installations by time, EV sales by time, rebate applications by time, the number of multi-unit housing units, and the median income levels. The empirical ev-idence of this study shows the estimated relationship between public EV charging installation and EV sales overall by community income level, housing density, and other relevant factors, the result shows that EVCSs is highly correlated with light duty Electric Vehicle adoption. For the investors, policymakers, and other stakeholders, this study provides evidence of a threshold of EVCS on Light Duty Electric Vehicle adoption and rebate in California.

Keywords: Electric Vehicle (EV); Electric Vehicle Charging Stations; California; Rebates; Adoption
A Review Article on Global Hunger Index Report 2023
Authors: SWARGIARY KHRITISH
Published: October 2023

The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a vital tool for assessing and understanding the state of hunger and food security across the world. In this review article, we examine the GHI scores of various countries in the years 2000, 2008, 2015, and 2023. We aim to explore the changes in GHI scores over this period, identify trends, and discuss the implications for global food security. The GHI provides a comprehensive snapshot of the world's progress in reducing hunger, and this analysis sheds light on the successes and challenges faced by different countries.
Reduction of Shock Wave Severity by Porous Media on a Two-Dimensional Obstacle in an Open Channel
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ehsan , Karimi Omid
Published: October 2023

An investigation of compressible flow over two-dimensional obstacles is presented in this paper. When shock waves are formed on surfaces due to compressibility and these shocks interfere with the boundary layer, undesirable effects such as friction, separation, and flow instability occur. To weaken the shock and reduce its effects, various methods have been employed in the past, including surface suction, surface blowing, and vortex generators. Using numerical solutions, the present work attempts to reduce the negative effects of the shock generated by the obstacle by creating porosity on its surface. Numerical methods such as the finite volume method and the Navier-Stokes equations as well as the Spalart-Allmaras model are used. By creating suction and blowing and increasing the cross-sectional area of the flow, porous surfaces reduce the effects of shock. Achieving around 50% porosity on the obstacle weakened the shock and reduced the Mach number after it, according to this paper's results. Also, the area under the skin friction diagram has decreased by about 38% as a result of less interference between the shock and the boundary layer and blowing caused by the porous surface.
A Quantum Geometric Approach for the Generalization of Spacetime Curvature
Authors: Tawfik Abdel Nasser , Dabash Tahia
Published: October 2023

Despite the successful reconciliation of special relativity and quantum mechanics (QM), a good century ago, general relativity (GR) in its current classical formulation still does not compile with QM. While GR gives precise sensical predictions at large scales, QM is obviously dominated at small scales! We think that the everlasting battle for exploring and understanding the Universe and for privileging a consistent perception of reality is therefore awaiting a consolidator rather than a conqueror. This should be capable of either unifying the two different benchmarks or at least bringing one closer to the other! The latter describes the consolidating approach, which is based on extending QM to relativistic energies and gravitational fields and generalizing Riemann to discretized Finsler geometry. Some properties of the additional geometric structures and curvatures which are disclosed by the proposed quantization and apparently overlooked in Einstein's GR, are analytically and numerically characterized. The analytical analyses introduce dynamics with possible nonlinear connections. We conclude that i) additional geometric structures and curvatures are intrinsic essential and ii) the spacetime at the quantum scale is no longer smooth or continuous. A maximal proper force is predicted, which maximally gravitationally accelerates a test particle and importantly manifests the quantum geometric nature of the generalized spacetime curvature.
Antimatter Gravity and the Results of the ALPHA-g Experiment
Authors: Villata Massimo
Published: October 2023

By combining general relativity and CPT symmetry, the theory of CPT gravity predicts gravitational repulsion between matter and CPT-transformed matter, i.e. antimatter inhabiting an inverted space-time. Such repulsive gravity turned out to be an excellent candidate for explaining the accelerated expansion of the Universe, without the need for dark energy. The recent results of the ALPHA-g experiment, which show gravitational attraction between antihydrogen atoms and the Earth, seem to undermine this success in the cosmological field. Analyzing the above theory, we find two solutions that can be consistent with the experimental results, while preserving the large-scale gravitational repulsion. The first highlights how repulsive gravity can be the result of the interaction with an inverted space-time, but occupied by matter and not antimatter, and therefore the antimatter present in our space-time has no reason to exhibit gravitational repulsion. The second retains the original CPT transformation, resulting in repulsive gravity between matter and antimatter, but with the caveat that antimatter immersed in our space-time cannot exhibit the PT transformation which is the cause of the repulsion. Finally, it is shown that, in a Newtonian approximation of the geodesic equation, time reversal is not a necessary operation for repulsive gravity, therefore opening the possibility of an expanding cosmos with a single time direction.
Comparative Analysis of Delay Time Estimations: LiDAR Sensor Technology versus AIMSUN Microsimulation at Signalized Intersections
Authors: Ansariyar Alireza
Published: October 2023

Efficient traffic management at signalized intersections is integral to urban infrastructure development, requiring accurate estimation of delay times to mitigate congestion and enhance overall transportation systems. Traditional methodologies, including empirical observations and microsimulation software, have been prevalent in assessing delay times; however, their limitations have prompted the exploration of novel technologies like LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors. This research study investigates and compares the accuracy of delay time estimations obtained from LiDAR sensor technology with those derived from microsimulation in AIMSUN. LiDAR sensors, known for their high-resolution, real-time data collection capabilities, offer a promising avenue for precise measurement of delay times at signalized intersections. Nonetheless, challenges in sensor placement, environmental influences, and data processing complexities suggest the need for further development and validation. In parallel, microsimulation software, exemplified by AIMSUN, provides a virtual platform for scenario testing but relies on assumptions that may not always mirror real-world traffic dynamics accurately. The comparative analysis conducted in this study aims to critically examine the discrepancies and potential complementarity between delay times obtained from LiDAR sensor technology and those derived from microsimulation in AIMSUN. The research involves an in-depth evaluation of real-time, high-resolution data collected by LiDAR sensors, assessing their accuracy in capturing the intricate movements and behavior of vehicles at signalized intersections. Simultaneously, AIMSUN microsimulation delay time models are scrutinized for their ability to accurately replicate these observed delay times. The disparities identified serve as critical insights into the challenges of both methodologies, prompting the discussion on the prospects of integrating LiDAR-derived data and microsimulation calibration processes to enhance the precision and reliability of delay time estimations. Future traffic management strategies can significantly benefit from a more accurate understanding of delay times, and this study endeavors to contribute to the advancement of methodologies in traffic engineering for more effective urban transportation systems.The paper's findings illuminate the potential and limitations of both LiDAR sensor technology and microsimulation in estimating delay times at signalized intersections. The results highlighted that the LiDAR sensors could accurately calculate delay times at a signalized intersection. Furthermore, the calculated delay time differences by LiDAR and AIMSUN at three days with the highest vehicle volumes (counts) are always less than 6.5%.
The Relationship Between the Box Dimension of Continuous Functions and Their (k,s)-Riemann-Liouville Fractional Integral
Authors: Wang Bingqian , Xiao Wei
Published: October 2023

This article is a study on the (k,s)-Riemann-Liouville fractional integral, a generalization of the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral. Firstly, we introduce several properties of the extended integral of continuous functions. Furthermore, we make the estimation of the Box dimension of the graph of continuous functions after the extended integral. It presents that the upper Box dimension of the (k,s)-Riemann-Liouville fractional integral for any continuous functions is no more than the upper Box dimension of the functions on the unit interval I=[0,1], which indicates that the upper Box dimension of the integrand f(x) will not be increased by the σ-order (k,s)-Riemann-Liouville fractional integral ksD−σf(x) where σ>0 on I. Additionally, we prove that the fractal dimension of ksD−σf(x) of one-dimensional continuous functions f(x) is still one.
An Intravertebral Pseudoaneurysm Formed after Infective Spondylitis
Authors: Kim Sum , Kang Chang Kyung , Park Hangeul , Kim Young Rak , Kim Jun-Hoe , Lee Chang-Hyun , Chung Chun Kee , Kim Chi Heon
Published: October 2023

The surgical treatment of spondylitis involves potential risks, especially when dealing with infected tissues that may be fragile and susceptible to injury from surgical trauma and inflammation. In cases where spondylitis is not controlled even after the initial surgery, unexpected situations can arise if an unusual change in infected tissues around the spine is misinterpreted. The present case involves a 62-year-old who underwent laminectomy, debridement, and stabilization from T12 to L2 due to medically intractable spondylitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. No major bleeding or vascular injury occurred during surgery. However, despite some improvement in pain and weakness, inflammation markers remained elevated and back pain recurred. A computed tomography (CT) scan taken 15 days after surgery showed a round-enhancing lesion inside the L1 vertebra. Although the primary imaging diagnosis suggested a loculated abscess, a round-enhancing lesion raised suspicion of an unusual pseudoaneurysm. A CT angiography confirmed a pseudoaneurysm from the L1 segmental artery, successfully treated with endovascular embolization. After embolization, the patient’s back pain improved, and inflammation markers further decreased with oral antibiotics. This case highlights the possibility of a pseudoaneurysm occurring in cases of spondylitis, emphasizing the importance of considering this entity in the differential diagnosis to ensure proper treatment.
Intraoperative Anteropulsion of an Interbody Fusion Cage During Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Case Report
Authors: Rangnekar Ameya , Sharma Ayush , Naseem Atif , Agrawal Harsh , Gajbhiye Komalchand , Marathe Nandan
Published: October 2023

Expandable cages are very commonly used during minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion surgery for better restoration of sagittal alignment. We present a rare event of intraoperative expandable cage anteropulsion into the retroperitoneal space. To date, several cases of cage migration have been reported. However, ours is the first case of intraoperative anterior cage migration during minimally invasive lumbar fusion. Herein, we present a case of 70-year-old female planned for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) for grade II L5–S1 lytic spondylolisthesis. There was an unnoticed anterior longitudinal ligament rupture during the cage expansion manoeuvre. Cage dislodgment was noticed intraoperatively. This was managed by compression of the interbody site posteriorly and insertion of another snugly fitting bullet cage, followed by anterior retroperitoneal exploration in the same setting to retrieve the migrated cage. The patient’s postoperative course was satisfactory. At a 1-year follow-up, patient was ambulatory and asymptomatic. Follow-up imaging showed bony fusion and no signs of implant failure. Expandable TLIF cages can cause iatrogenic release of the anterior longitudinal ligament during expansion. Surgeons must be aware of this rare complication, which can result in anterior cage migration.
Overview and Prevention of Complications During Biportal Endoscopic Thoracic Spine Surgery
Authors: Park Man-Kyu , Son Sang-Kyu
Published: October 2023

Objective: Although the unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) technique has remarkable advantages, thoracic laminectomy by UBE is technically difficult and can potentially lead to serious complications. By reviewing previous articles on thoracic laminectomy by UBE, we aimed to identify the complications of thoracic laminectomy by UBE and to establish specific surgical strategies to avoid complications.Methods: A literature search was performed using the National Center for Biotechnology Information database using the PubMed/MEDLINE search engine. There are 3 published clinical studies in which at least one of these approaches has been performed.Results: In previous articles, several cases of perioperative complications were observed, including spinal cord injury, hyperalgesia, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, headache or neck pain, insufficient decompression, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, excessive facet resection, and delayed spinous process fracture.Conclusion: UBE technique has remarkable advantages, but endoscopic thoracic surgery is technically challenging and has the potential to cause serious complications. For avoidable complications, surgeons should be familiar with prevention methods and pitfalls to minimize complications.
Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Lumbar Pyogenic Discitis: A Review
Authors: Kimura Takaoki , Ohara Yuko , Kikuchi Nahoko , Nakajima Yasuhiro
Published: October 2023

Pyogenic discitis can cause significant back pain, neurological complications, and spinal deformities. An early and accurate diagnosis of pyogenic discitis is crucial for its effective management. Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pyogenic discitis. Hematologic markers such as white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level are also helpful in monitoring disease progression. Furthermore, blood culture is essential for identifying the causative bacteria and selecting the antibiotic to be used. Biopsies are useful for identifying the causative bacteria when blood cultures are negative or when antibiotics are not sufficiently effective. While open biopsy or computed tomography-guided biopsy has conventionally been used for this purpose, recently, transforaminal full-endoscopic biopsies have been used to detect the causative bacteria in pyogenic discitis. Endoscopy can be used to obtain sufficient intervertebral disc samples with direct visualization, which increases the detection rate of causative bacteria and has been reported to be effective in relieving back pain through decompression for pyogenic disc space. However, the effectiveness of endoscopic surgery might be limited in cases of advanced infection or extensive bone destruction. In such situations, open surgery with anterior reconstruction using minimally invasive techniques may be preferred. Although it has its limits, transforaminal full-endoscopic discectomy has emerged as a standard method for identifying the causative bacteria in pyogenic discitis. It also has a high therapeutic effect.
Experimental study on a homogeneous charge compression ignition in light-duty diesel engine operated with commercial gasoline-ethanol: in-cylinder pressure
Authors: Guzmán Juan José Milón , Braga Sergio Leal
Published: October 2023

A pressure sensor was installed in the combustion chamber of a single-cylinder diesel engine that works in HCCI mode (homogeneous charge compression ignition) using gasoline (75%) and ethanol (25%) as fuel. The experiments evaluate the pressure and the thermal efficiency of the engine for different temperatures of the air/fuel mixture and for different rotations. The results indicate that the temperature of the mixture had the greatest influence on the start of auto-ignition while the lambda factor had it on the advance of ignition and the release of thermal energy. The engine speed has an influence on the operating range in which the engine can work in HCCI mode, always considering minimum values ​​of the cycle-to-cycle variation (COVPmax). The pressure variation from cycle to cycle decreases with the increase in the equivalence ratio until the detonation zone is reached and an increase in COV values ​​is observed. The maximum pressure peaks increase with lambda and with the mixture temperature since any variation in the fuel injection will have a direct effect on the energy release and therefore on the pressure levels. Finally, rising the temperature of the mixture increases as well the pressure at which the HCCI operation starts.
Green Technology for Biogas Production through Anaerobic Digestion: An Effective Biomass Management Strategy
Authors: Dhull Paramjeet , Kumar Sachin , Yadav Nisha , Lohchab Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2023

Taking advantage of the growing production of different kinds of biomass into the waste-to-energy concept has been seen as a global trend of emerging applications. The huge generation of biomass by agriculture and industries is an enormous opportunity as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce biogas. About 181.5 billion tonnes of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) are produced annually worldwide, including underutilized agricultural waste and greenhouse biomass materials. This has been considered as a potential source of bioenergy and sustainable means for escalating environmental issues especially, concerning the effects of fossil fuels. This review focuses on the different types of feedstocks available in the market, especially in India and their biogas production potential. The feedstock selection in the basic and foremost important step for accessing the biogas yield. This also discusses the stages of the AD process in detail responsible for the production of biogas. Further, the limitations associated with the AD process have been focused upon. The parameters and the basic reactor configuration are vital for the biogas yield. Therefore, the design and the configuration of the biogas digester/reactors are discussed in detail for shedding light on their importance in the AD process. The improvements and future prospects of this technology have also been talked about for proper utilization of the feedstocks for biogas production.
One-Third of Global Population at Cancer Risk due to Elevated Volatile Organic Compounds Levels
Authors: Huang Yaoxian , Du Ke , Xiong Ying
Published: October 2023

Outdoor air pollution, particularly volatile organic compounds (VOCs), significantly contributes to the global health burden. Previous analyses of VOC exposure have been confined to regional and national scales, limiting global health burden assessments. Our study employed a global chemistry-climate model to simulate VOC distributions from 2000 to 2019 and estimated the associated cancer risks. Our findings revealed a 10.2% increase in global VOC emissions between 2000 and 2019, with significant increases in China, the Rest of Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, but decreases in the U.S and Europe due to transportation and residential sectors reductions. Approximately 36.4-39.7% of the global population was exposed to unhealthy VOC levels, with an extremely high percentage identified in China (82.8-84.3%) versus considerably lower percentage in Europe (1.7-5.8%). The lifetime cancer burden attributable to carcinogenic VOCs exposure was estimated at 0.60 [95% confidence interval (95CI): 0.40-0.81] to 0.85 [95CI: 0.56-1.14] million individuals globally. Open agricultural burning in less-developed regions escalated the associated respiratory risks and cancer burdens. We noted significant disparities in cancer burdens between high- and low-middle-income countries, stemming from disproportionate population expansions and VOC emissions. This finding highlights the amplified health disparity across different income nations, critical for persistently addressing environmental injustice associated with air pollution exposure.