bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topology of Functional Connectivity and Hub Dynamics in the Beta Band As Temporal Prior for Natural Vision in the Human Brain
Authors: Betti Viviana , Corbetta Maurizio , de Pasquale Francesco , Wens Vincent , Della Penna Stefania
Published: March 2018

Networks hubs represent points of convergence for the integration of information across many different nodes and systems. Although a great deal is known on the topology of hub regions in the human brain, little is known about their temporal dynamics. Here, we examine the static and dynamic centrality of hub regions when measured in the absence of a task (rest) or during the observation of natural or synthetic visual stimuli. We used Magnetoencephalography (MEG) in humans (both sexes) to measure static and transient regional and network-level interaction in α- and β-band limited power (BLP) in three conditions: visual fixation (rest), viewing of movie clips (natural vision), and time-scrambled versions of the same clips (scrambled vision). Compared with rest, we observed in both movie conditions a robust decrement of α-BLP connectivity. Moreover, both movie conditions caused a significant reorganization of connections in the α band, especially between networks. In contrast, β-BLP connectivity was remarkably similar between rest and natural vision. Not only the topology did not change, but the joint dynamics of hubs in a core network during natural vision was predicted by similar fluctuations in the resting state. We interpret these findings by suggesting that slow-varying fluctuations of integration occurring in higher-order regions in the β band may be a mechanism to anticipate and predict slow-varying temporal patterns of the visual environment.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA fundamental question in neuroscience concerns the function of spontaneous brain connectivity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that topology of intrinsic brain connectivity and its dynamics might predict those observed during natural vision. Using MEG, we tracked the static and time-varying brain functional connectivity when observers were either fixating or watching different movie clips. The spatial distribution of connections and the dynamics of centrality of a set of regions were similar during rest and movie in the β band, but not in the α band. These results support the hypothesis that the intrinsic β-rhythm integration occurs with a similar temporal structure during natural vision, possibly providing advanced information about incoming stimuli.
Electrophysiological Evidence for the Development of a Self-Sustained Large-Scale Epileptic Network in the Kainate Mouse Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Sheybani Laurent , Birot Gwenaël , Contestabile Alessandro , Seeck Margitta , Kiss Jozsef Zoltan , Schaller Karl , Michel Christoph M. , Quairiaux Charles
Published: March 2018

Most research on focal epilepsy focuses on mechanisms of seizure generation in the primary epileptic focus (EF). However, neurological deficits that are not directly linked to seizure activity and that may persist after focus removal are frequent. The recruitment of remote brain regions of an epileptic network (EN) is recognized as a possible cause, but a profound lack of experimental evidence exists concerning their recruitment and the type of pathological activities they exhibit. We studied the development of epileptic activities at the large-scale in male mice of the kainate model of unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy using high-density surface EEG and multiple-site intracortical recordings. We show that, along with focal spikes and fast ripples that remain localized to the injected hippocampus (i.e., the EF), a subpopulation of spikes that propagate across the brain progressively emerges even before the expression of seizures. The spatiotemporal propagation of these generalized spikes (GSs) is highly stable within and across animals, defining a large-scale EN comprising both hippocampal regions and frontal cortices. Interestingly, GSs are often concomitant with muscular twitches. In addition, while fast ripples are, as expected, highly frequent in the EF, they also emerge in remote cortical regions and in particular in frontal regions where GSs propagate. Finally, we demonstrate that these remote interictal activities are dependent on the focus in the early phase of the disease but continue to be expressed after focus silencing at later stages. Our results provide evidence that neuronal networks outside the initial focus are progressively altered during epileptogenesis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt has long been held that the epileptic focus is responsible for triggering seizures and driving interictal activities. However, focal epilepsies are associated with heterogeneous symptoms, calling into question the concept of a strictly focal disease. Using the mouse model of hippocampal sclerosis, this work demonstrates that focal epilepsy leads to the development of pathological activities specific to the epileptic condition, notably fast ripples, that appear outside of the primary epileptic focus. Whereas these activities are dependent on the focus early in the disease, focus silencing fails to control them in the chronic stage. Thus, dynamical changes specific to the epileptic condition are built up outside of the epileptic focus along with disease progression, which provides supporting evidence for network alterations in focal epilepsy.
Implementasi Kebijakan Distribusi Program Raskin di Desa Kawengen Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Maharani Elsa Rizki
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan program raskin di Desa Kawengen Kabupaten Semarang. Fokus penelitian ini adalah implementasi program raskin di Desa Kawengen Kabupaten Semarang yang hingga saat ini masih memunculkan beberapa permasalahan. pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan model deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data model interaktif oleh Miles dan Huberman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa implementasi program raskin di Desa Kawengen Kabupaten Semarang belum sesuai dengan tujuan dan belum sepenuhnya berjalan dengan optimal seperti yang diharapkan. Sebab ketidaktepatan administrasi yang menyebabkan tersendatnya pembayaran uang HTR dari rumah tangga sasaran kepada pelakasana distribusi Desa Kawengen mengindikasikan belum sepenuhnya tercapai indikator keberhasilan raskin terkait 6 tepat.

The purpose of this study is to the implementation of Raskin program in Kawengen Village, Semarang Regency. The focus of this research is all stages of the implementation of the distribution of Raskin program in Kawengen Village, Semarang Regency, which until now still raises several problems. This research approach using qualitative research method with descriptive model. This research uses interactive data model analysis by Miles and Huberman. Based on the results of the research can be seen that the implementation of Raskin program in Kawengen Village Semarang Regency has not been in accordance with the objectives and has not fully run optimally as expected. Because of the inaccuracy of the administration that caused the hTR payment of the HTR money from the target households to the distribution of Kawengen Village Village indicates that there has not been a complete indicator of the success of raskin related to the precise six.
ACTINOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM MINERAL ORES IN PERU
Authors: Hurtado Jasmin , Liz Pacheco Sara , Sheen Patricia , Ugarte Daniel
Published: March 2018

A total of twenty-four isolates of actinobacteria from arsenopyrite, pyrite, polymetallic sulfides and magnetite from Peruvian mining zones have been used with the purpose of characterizing them by morphological, physiological and molecular studies for future biotechnological applications. 23 strains were identified as Streptomyces and1 as Actinomadura sp.95% and 70% of the strains were able to grow at pH 3.5 and pH 2, respectively. Only 19% of them were able to oxidize iron at pH 2. Also, they have been tested by growth on arsenopyrite tailings and Streptomyces sp. E1 and Streptomycesvariabilis AB5 leached 19.1 % and 15.5 % of arsenic, respectively, while the control without inoculum only showed 2.5% of leaching. Results indicate that these strains show important characteristics for leaching processes.
AMINO ACID ASPARAGINE INTAKE THROUGH MILK ENRICHED WITH SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: Stojanovska Suzana , Tomovska Julijana , Krstanovski Aleksandar , Tasevska Jasmina , Menkovska Mirjana
Published: March 2018

Considering that some of milk beverages contain various types of additives like coffee or chicory as healthier option, the aim of this research is to examine if milk beverages could serve as additional source of asparagine, which could support the body to meet needs for dispensable amino acids. For the purpose of asparagine content determination, the choice fell on the method based upon redox reaction of asparagine with potassium permanganate, KMnO4. The values show that the concentration of asparagine in the milk samples with chicory as an additive is higher (0.98 – 1.07 mg/l), in comparison with milk samples without additives where lower asparagine concentrations (0.26 - 0.40 mg/l) can be observed. Taking into account the above presented results it can be concluded that in addition to the specified amount of amino acids the consumer receives through milk, certain amounts of dispensable amino acids can be entered through supplements, as it is the case with asparagine from coffee or chicory.
INDUCED TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION IN HOST DEFENCE ENZYMES IN RESPONSE TO FUSARIUM WILT IN CHICKPEA
Authors: Datta Jhuma , Lal Nand
Published: March 2018

The present study evaluated the defense response of Chickpea wilt resistant and susceptible cultivars inoculated with pathogen Fusarium oxyporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc). Evaluation of pre-induced and pathogen-induced defense at 7 (S1), 15 (S2) and 30 (S3) days showed that the enzymatic activities differed not only within the root, stem and leaves but also between susceptible and resistant cultivars of chickpea and increased after inoculation with Foc. Peroxidase (PO) activity increased in all the tissues from S1 to S2 and declined thereafter. Conspicuous changes occurred at the rate of increase in activity of the enzyme between resistant and susceptible cultivars upon Foc inoculation over their corresponding control at the S2. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in resistant cultivars increased by 30% with over uninoculated control and induction was up to S3. The level of enzyme activity diminished from S2 to S3 and even fell below control levels in susceptible cultivars. Catalase (CAT) activity followed peroxidase trend however it was induced at S1 in Foc inoculated and at S2 in un-inoculated plants. Increase in CAT induction was significant in leaf tissues of infected plants and continued up to S3. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity increased from S1 to S2 and thereafter it either slightly decreased or remained unchanged at S3. Foc inoculation elicited a sharp increase in PAL activity in the leaf and stem tissue of resistant cultivars. Foc inoculated induced β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity in the test cultivars. Maximum induction of chitinase was observed at S2 in roots of resistant cultivars whereas un-inoculated plants showed much less conspicuous changes. β-1,3-glucanase activity was high in stem tissues. Both control and challenged plants had higher levels of β-1,3-glucanase activity at S2 and S3, but the proportionate increase was much higher in resistant cultivars. The expression pattern of these defense enzymes reveals their use as established resistance markers and provides scope for manipulating their expression and development of wilt-resistant transgenic chickpea.
Antineoplastic potential of mycotoxins
Authors: Pócsi István , Király Gábor , Bánfalvi Gáspár
Published: March 2018

Fungal toxins are secondary metabolites, in which many of them were mycotoxins, affecting eukaryotic cells with a broad range of structural and functional variety contributing to the multitude of their classification. This refers to the harmful genotoxic (mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic) effects of mycotoxins on the one hand, and their cytocidic and antineoplastic properties on the other hand. This “double edged sword” effect could be utilized against the spread of tumors in older patients when the survival is much more important than the mutagenic side effects. To decide which fungal toxins could be used as combined cytotoxic and antimetastatic agents, mycotoxins were divided into three categories: (a) highly genotoxic (mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic), (b) adversely toxic, and (c) antitumorigenic agents. Highly cytotoxic mycotoxins with tolerable side effects, combined with an antineoplastic character, could be potential candidates against metastasis. From the structure–function relationship of antimetastatic mycotoxins, only general conclusions have been drawn. The presence of ring structures containing heteroatoms, functional groups, and the cumulative presence of oxygen atoms contributed to the oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of mycotoxins. The preselection of mycotoxins excluded category (a), and only the categories (b) and (c) were considered to be potential agents against the metastatic spread of abdominal tumors in rodent metastatic tumor experiments.
Gynecological and obstetrical aspects of Enterobius vermicularis infection
Authors: Dezsényi Balázs , Sárközi László , Kaiser László , Tárkányi Klára , Nikolova Radka , Belics Zorán
Published: March 2018

Enterobiasis is an easily recognizable and treatable disease with higher incidence among children. Based on these facts, its clinical importance is usually underestimated. This infection also occurs during adulthood and without treatment, it can cause severe complications in some rare cases. Unnoticed subclinical infection in women can lead to infertility and even to life-threatening conditions. It is also emphasized in this paper that the treatment of identified enterobiasis during pregnancy needs caution. After reviewing the current scientific literature, two gynecological cases are presented here.
POPULATION PARAMETER AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF INDIAN MACKEREL Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) CAUGHT BY LIFT NET IN KWANDANG WATERS, NORTH GORONTALO
Authors: Faizah Ria , Sadiyah Lilis , Fauzi Moh.
Published: March 2018

Kwandang waters is one of the main base for small pelagic fisheries in Sulawesi sea in which the Indian mackerel  (Rastrelliger kanagurta) has been exploited. The objective of the research was to estimate the population parameters, exploitation rate and reproductive biology of Indian mackerel. Length frequency data were collected from PP Kwandang, between February and October 2012. Estimation of population parameters of Indian mackerel was done using FISAT II method. The results showed that growth rate as follows (K) = 0,80 year-1 , L∞=27,3 cm.  Total mortality rate (Z) = 2,72 year-1, with natural mortality (M) = 1,29 year-1 and fishing mortality (F) = 1,43 year-1 and exploitation rate (E)=0,53. Exploitation of Indian mackerel in Kwandang waters have reached its optimum level. The sex ratio of Indian mackerel was balance. The most commonly found is Gonado Maturity Stage of I. Based on the results, it is necessary to manage with  the responsible management through gradually increasing of the mesh size of the gears or restricting additional lift net or  by restricting fishing for certain seasons or declaring fish sanctuaries in certain areas, especially in spawning grounds to protect the Indian mackerel.
Pericarp RNA Extraction v1
Authors: Rajewski Alex
Published: March 2018

This protocol is adapted from the QIAGEN RNeasy Plant mini kit (Jan 2011). Specific modifications have been made to apply this RNA extraction to tobacco pericarp or fruit tissue.
Protein extraction from aortas or VSMCs for Western blot v1
Authors: Ikawati Muthi
Published: March 2018

This protocol describes protein extraction steps from mouse aorta or vascular smooth muscle cell sample for Western blot. The lysis buffer use is a SMAD lysys buffer adopted from Beaufort et al (2014).
„A mai világban minden a kapcsolatokon, az ismeretségen múlik”: Külföldi befektetők telephelyválasztási döntéseinek jellemzői Kárpátalján az informális etnikai kapcsolatok tükrében
Authors: Kovály Katalin
Published: March 2018

Kárpátalja kedvező geopolitikai elhelyezkedése, az EU közelsége, a rendelkezésre álló olcsó és képzett munkaerő kedvező feltételeket kínál a külföldi beruházók számára. 2016-ban csaknem 630 külföldi érdekeltségű vállalkozás képviseltette magát a megyében, melyek működő tőkéje több mint 50 országból származott. A külföldi tőkebefektetéseket azonban korántsem lehet egységesen kezelni, különbözőek lehetnek a telephelyválasztás motivációi. Jelen vizsgálat az informális kapcsolatrendszerekre és annak gazdasági hatásaira próbál meg rávilágítani, különös tekintettel a kapcsolatok etnikai szempontjaira. A kutatás során kvantitatív és kvalitatív módszerekkel kíséreltem meg feltárni azt, hogy az egyes nemzetekhez köthető külföldi befektetőket milyen tényezők befolyásolták kárpátaljai telephelyválasztásuk során, és milyen szerepet játszanak az informális etnikai kapcsolatok ebben a folyamatban. Fő adatforrásként a Kárpátaljai Megyei Statisztikai Hivataltól megszerzett cégregiszter szolgált, illetve a mélyinterjús elemzések, melyek a Kárpátalján működő külföldi érdekeltségű vállalatok képviselőivel, a kárpátaljai gazdasági élet kulcsszereplőivel készültek.

Azt a következtetést vontam le, hogy a Kárpátalján működő külföldi vállalatok létesítésében és működésében az informális kapcsolati hálók alapvetően fontos szerepet játszottak, a különböző nemzetiségű beruházók telephelyválasztási motivációi azonban eltérőek. Míg a magyar befektetők általában nyelvi-etnikai alapon döntöttek vállalatuk székhelyének kiválasztásakor és leginkább a magyar kisebbség által lakott területeken jelentek meg, addig a más nemzetiségű beruházók főként a gazdasági szempontból előnyösebb helyzetű településekbe települtek.
János Jelenések könyve: a modern magyar környezeti irodalom születése
Authors: Rácz Lajos
Published: March 2018

Térey János A Legkisebb Jégkorszak című verses regényében egy kisebbfajta éghajlati-környezeti apokalipszis történetének első másfél évét beszéli el. 2019 tavaszán előbb Izlandon, majd Itáliában is sorra kitörnek a vulkánok és elkezdődik egy globális léptékű lehűlés, alkalmazkodásra kényszerítve a kortárs társadalmakat. A regény cselekménye Izlandon kezdődik, de a történet földrajzi fókusza valójában Budapest, és leginkább a Svábhegy, a legújabb kori magyar elit lakóhelye. A regénynek több főszereplője is van: Mátrai Ágoston, a későn házasodó karrierdiplomata, az ex-étteremtulajdonos újgazdag Labancz Győző, vagy Radák Zoltán miniszterelnök, akit a sámánista merénylők a soha meg nem valósult jelenkori magyar felvirágzás mártírjává tesznek. Rövid írásomban annak a bizonyítására tettem kísérletet, hogy a természeti környezet, esetünkben az éghajlatváltozás ugyanolyan aktív és meghatározó szereplője a cselekmény alakulásának, mint a regény szereplői. A szógyakoriság vizsgálatával és tartalomelemzéssel azt kíséreltem meg bizonyítani, hogy Térey János verses regénye illeszkedik abba az 1980-as években induló nemzetközi irodalmi áramlatba, amelyet környezeti irodalomnak neveznek. A környezeti irodalom koncepciójának első kidolgozója, Cheryll Burgess Glotfelty a természeti környezetre nem az emberi cselekvést elszenvedő statikus háttérként tekintett, hanem mint a holisztikusan szemlélhető és interaktív módon működő humán ökoszisztéma egyik főszereplőjére. Ugyanakkor Térey folytat egy, a magyar irodalomban hosszú idő óta létező hagyományt is a természeti környezethez való viszony értelmezését illetően. Ennek a környezeti irodalmi tradíciónak fontos mérföldkövei voltak Petőfi Sándor Tisza című költeménye, amely a folyószabályozások korának optimista programverse, vagy Madách Imre Az ember tragédiájában az Eszkimó szín víziója, amely elképesztően és korszerűen pesszimista jövőkép volt a 19. század derekán. Következtetésem szerint Térey János verses regénye tekinthető a (poszt)modern magyar környezeti irodalom első, remélhetően úttörő vállalkozásának.
Analytical review of studies on uncertainty and the study of coping strategies in law enforcement officers
Authors: Rogachev V. , Konopleva I.N.
Published: March 2018

The paper deals with the problem of studying tolerance to uncertainty and coping behavior of law enforcement officers. The theoretical aspects of the problem are analyzed, the specificity of the use of the category "uncertainty" in psychology is revealed. The article presents the history of the formation of the construct of tolerance / tolerance to uncertainty in psychology, the current state of the problem of tolerance to uncertainty in psychology. The problem of studying the coping behavior of law enforcement officers is considered. Coping behavior, its essence and main components are characterized. The main directions in the study of coping strategies of law enforcement officers. The interrelationship and influence of tolerance to uncertainty on coping strategy of coping behavior in different spheres of activity are considered. It is shown that the coping behavior consists of coping strategies and coping resources. In psychological studies, tolerance to uncertainty is considered as one of the key resources of the individual in dealing with stressful situations.
Connectivity between the psychological boundaries of the individual with emotional intelligence and self-relationship in adolescence
Authors: Degtyarev A. , Degtyareva D.I.
Published: March 2018

In this paper, the results of an empirical study are presented, the main tasks of which were the identification, description and interpretation of significant (significance level p = 0,05) correlation links between the features of psychological boundaries, emotional intelligence and self-relationship in adolescence. The sample consisted of 50 students of different courses studying at the Faculty of Legal Psychology of the Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University. The main hypothesis is the assumption of the existence of significant connections between the various functions of psychological boundaries, the characteristics of emotional intelligence, self-relationship and, in general, the individual psychological characteristics of the individual. In the course of the study, a large number of positive and negative connections were obtained. In general, it can be said that young men, who have a high level of psychological boundary, have a higher level of emotional intelligence, while young men with a low level of psychological boundaries have a low level of emotional intelligence, as well as a tendency to increase personal anxiety and a high degree of self-blame.
Государственная молодежная политика в области электорального просвещения
Authors: Махора Екатерина Витальевна
Published: March 2018

Молодые избиратели определяют вектор развития своего города, региона, страны. Воспитание молодежи в области выборов — приоритетная задача государства. В соответствии этим Центральной избирательной комиссией России утверждена Молодежная электоральная концепция, направленная на реализацию новых подходов работы с молодежью.
Pathogenesis of ovarian dysfunction in women with diabetes mellitus 1 type
Authors: Tolpygina Margarita G. , Abashova Elena I. , Borovik Natalia V. , Tiselko Alena V.
Published: March 2018

The main ideas about the pathogenesis of ovarian dysfunction in women with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 are presented. The role of increased opioid and dopaminergic tone in the pathogenesis of reducing the synthesis of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus in women with type 1 diabetes was analyzed. Presented the data of relationship between ovarian hormonal insufficiency in women with type 1 diabetes with possible damage of positive feedback mechanism of the ovaries and the pituitary gland, which intactness is necessary for the maturation of the dominant follicle and ovulation. The results of studies, suggested that the high doses of exogenously administered insulin in type 1 DM lead to stimulation of androgen synthesis in teca cells and ovarian stroma and the development of ovarian  hyperandrogenemia, as well as polycystic ovary syndrome, are reduced. In addition to exogenous hyperinsulinemia, in the pathogenesis of ovarian dysfunction, the value of the deficiency of endogenous insulin, leading to a violation of steroidogenesis in the tissues of the ovary and anovulation, is proved. The role of insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia in the development of metabolic stress lead to ovarian dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes was analyzed.
DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT OF STRENGTH MAGNETO-LEVITATION BOGIE
Authors: BEYN Dmitri Gr , ISPOLOVA Ekaterina Al , ZHITKOV Yuri Borisovich , SAKHAROV Roman Al
Published: March 2018

The article presents the results of the prototype magneto-levitation bogie for the transport of containers using the technology of magneto-dynamic levitation «Inductrack». The main elements of the prototype bogie are: - supporting welded steel frame, which is attached to the container stops, blocks, magnets, support and guide wheels; - the magnets are combined into blocks according to the scheme «an Array of Halbach»; - shunting wheel required for pre-acceleration of the bogie (with levitation wheels not touching the track structure); - guide wheels, which serve for centering the bogie on the road when driving on a plot of acceleration. Cart design was developed taking into account the possibility of placing massive superconductors instead of permanent magnets. Carts are designed to carry containers of various types, it does not require additional devices for connecting the carriages together. To assess the strength of the construction was taken following calculation modes: - the moving bogie, when you turn on linear synchronous motor, a trolley supported by shunting wheel and operate the inertial load; - braking when the bogie is in magneto-levitation flight support with the maneuvering of the wheel is missing, there are inertial load; - support bogie magnets on when the bogie is in magneto-levitation flight; - support the trolley on the shunting wheel, the linear synchronous motor is turned off. The calculation was carried out by finite element method using the design package «Ansys Workbench».
TECHNOLOGIES OF HIGH-SPEED TRANSPORT FOR THE NORTH OF RUSSIA
Authors: KISELENKO Anatoly N , SUNDUKOV Evgeny Yu
Published: March 2018

The North of Russia in the short term remains not captured high-speed movement. Such situation can be rectified by application magnetic and levitation technologies, and so string trestle technologies. However, the careful ecological and economic reasoning, and also adaptation of constructive elements and technologies to North conditions has to precede use of such technologies. For development of the railway high-speed communication it is necessary to create rings of the high-speed movement. Thus the cellular network structure which is much more effective existing treelike, taking place in the Komi Republic, the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk areas will be initially formed. Container message of trestle type Ivdel - Indiga about 1100 km long can become possible application of magnetic and levitation technology in the north of Russia. From Ivdel the container highway can be continued in the southern direction to border with China. At the organization of the high-speed movement it is necessary to divide passenger and cargo transport streams. If to execute passenger modules in the form of individual vehicles (four-five-seater), elements of infrastructure will be less expensive. The sizes and loading capacity of containers for high-speed transportations can be also reduced. Developers of string transport systems actively study questions of design of transport modules of various mission, creation of low-cost transport infrastructure. In the conditions of the North of Russia development of transport system which would combine advantages of magnetic and levitation and string transport is of interest. Stability of such system can be provided when using effect of «a magnetic potential hole». Implementation of large transport projects of the high-speed movement in the Russian Federation can promote strengthening international cooperation and be carried out on its basis.
EQUATION OF MOTION MAGNETIC LEVITATION ROLLING STOCK
Authors: PASHKOV Nikolai N
Published: March 2018

This article deals with the problem of control the trajectory of the crew magnetic levitation relative trajectory of the software regarding the track structure of the perturbation of the gravitational and magnetic fields levitation systems, lateral stabilization and traction. The crew is presented as a system of rigid bodies, whose motion is subject to gravitational and electromagnetic forces. The spatial displacement with limited powers of levitation and lateral stabilization regarding a discrete track structure are selected by drawing up the estimated equations of the dynamics of the crew as inertial coordinates of the centers of mass of solids. The coordinates of any point on the carriage in a local coordinate system are converted in the coordinate system associated with the center of mass of the crew to bring the point of application of external force to the center of mass of the crew. A general model of the dynamics of the crew is based on the equation of Lagrange-Maxwell which binds to the active mass of the external forces of gravity that govern the electromagnetic force, the force of inertia and friction. The kinetic energy of the mechanical system is defined by the velocity projections on the axis of the fixed coordinate system as a quadratic form. The crew simulated magneto elastic coupling with the track structure changing the potential energy of magnetic levitation and lateral stabilization at the deformation of the object or the displacement and rotation of the center of mass of the crew in three-dimensional space. The inverse problem of dynamics is solved to determine the control forces for a given trajectory of the crew magnetic levitation. The equations of motion the crew on a magnetic cushion are linearized regarding increments relative coordinates of the centers of mass of the crew vector and presented in the form of equations of the phase space of states.
Peculiarities of simulation of magnetic field in electromechanical nodes of magnetic-levitation transport system by the method of secondary sources
Authors: Filippov Dmitry Maksimovic
Published: March 2018

In recent years increasingly discusses the prospects of application of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) as the winding current-carrying elements of magnetic systems for various purposes. It seems particularly attractive possibility of such systems at liquid nitrogen temperature. The article describes the prototype of module of the magnetic system which is made on the basis of high-temperature superconducting tapes, designed for the installation and testing on a working model of a static levitation. In the working model levitation of the platform carried by the interaction of the magnetic field of the assembly of permanent magnets mounted on the platform with a field similar to assemblies located in the track structure. Compact HTS module replaces the two assemblies of permanent magnets mounted on the platform. Each block of the module represents HTS racetrack coil with current inputs, power structure, positioning system and bracing which is placed in a cryostat, providing at minimum wall thickness of the required mechanical strength and thermal insulation at liquid nitrogen temperature. The prototype of unified superconducting module successfully passed preliminary tests.
Development of model setup and study of levitation and lateral stabilization of the platform with the use of high-temperature superconductors of the 2nd generation
Authors: Antonov Yu F , Danilov N K , Kaznacheev S A , Melnikov Ya I , Morozova E I , Usov D A , Razin E A
Published: March 2018

The article describes the creation of an experimental setup to investigate the effect of magnetostatic levitation using magnetic rail (as a base) and platform with permanent magnets in combination with bulk high-temperature superconductors of the 2nd generation. The article provides evidence of the stability of the hybrid pole, the measurement results of the vertical and lateral forces and the dependence of the levitation gap of the sequence of operations of cooling high-temperature superconductors of the 2nd generation. The article provides evidence of the ability to achieve static levitation with a gap of more than 10 mm when using bulk high-temperature superconductors of the 2nd generation and the efficiency of their application to provide lateral stabilization.
Speed and position detecting systems for vehicle with linear synchronous motors
Authors: Nikitin Victor V , Gulin Sergey Valer'evich , Sereda Eugene G
Published: March 2018

In high-speed ground transport linear synchronous motors are used to create a traction force. Advantages of linear synchronous motors are precise control of traction force (does not depend on friction forces) and lack of wearing parts. Linear synchronous motors control systems use block diagrams with orientation on rotor flux linkage. In such systems, information about exact position of movable part allows splitting active and reactive components of stator currents and as result independent control of motor traction force and magnetic flux. Errors in determination position can lead to errors in d-q transformation what affect calculations performed in motor model, and impact on traction force. Moreover, information on position of vehicle is also important to ensure traffic safety. In conventional types of wheeled vehicles for determining speed and position contact probes and tachometers are used. However, in high-speed magnetic levitation transport non-contact sensors is needed. In addition, when creating control system delay in transmission of radio signals from vehicle to ground control unit should be taken into account. This paper revive methods of speed and location detection for industry and high-speed ground transportation systems with linear synchronous motors. Also, variant of speed and position detection system for freight Maglev was suggested.
Functional safety electrified railways
Authors: Apollonskiy Stanislav M
Published: March 2018

The study of functional safety includes identification of specific hazards that may cause serious consequences (e.g., human sacrifices), and establishing for each of them maximum frequency of occurrence. Reveals equipment, failure of which may contribute to the occurrence of such situations. Such equipment is usually referred to as "security-related". Examples include process of control systems, process shutdown systems, equipment alarm systems, centralization and blocking on the railway, controls the movement of the vehicle, medical equipment, etc. In other words, any equipment (software or not), failure of which may affect the occurrence of an emergency, should be regarded as "security-related". It should be noted that at present the world's leading corporations seek not just to provide EMC electrical systems that they produce, and make them functional safety. Functional safety is called security, which is associated with inadvertently cause failure in the performance of certain functions of the system. The reasons for failure may be defective programs, data, hardware, environmental effects and unintentionally incorrect of staff actions. Functional safety should be distinguished from the information security (generally deliberate action on the system); from electrical safety (protection of people from electrical shock) and from the explosion and fire (to prevent ignition of flammable gases and dust). Functional safety is also characterized by very close to the concept of reliability in that it takes into account not only the frequency of failures of the system but also the likelihood of a dangerous situation during a failure. The term "functional" with respect to the safety means automation security, which is dependent on the correct functioning of the system, i.e. the correct implementation of the system of its functions. In contrast, describes a failure rate of reliability regardless of the destination system and consequences caused by failures. However, reliability is used in the quantitative description of functional safety. The issues of functional safety and regulatory technical regulation in the field of electromagnetic compatibility technical equipment in electrified railways are considered.
Risks of innovation project implementation transport and logistic s system on maglev transportation technology
Authors: Sokolova Yana V
Published: March 2018

Currently, innovation is a central factor in the growth of production and productivity, the level of which in turn determines the competitiveness of a specific manufacturer, or industry of the country as a whole in the struggle for economic leadership. With the advancement in technology and the permanent intensification of information flows as the central driving force of economic growth and development of innovations are considered knowledge. Innovative model of economic growth requires a capacity not only to produce new knowledge, but also to implement them effectively in production, created using technologies and types of equipment. Developed by scientists of the Petersburg State Transport University of Emperor Alexander I (PSTU) maglev transportation technology combine the advantages of conventional techniques can be successfully implemented in the implementation of the project to create an innovative transport and logistics system (TLS), intended for cargo container traffic. The project requires a detailed cost calculation, assessing the competitiveness of transport and logistics system, as well as financial planning in order to reduce the risk of cash shortages and unforeseen expenses. It is necessary to consider the internal and external risks affecting the project at all stages of its implementation and promotion. Identify risks and their causes will determine the degree of sustainability of the project to changes in internal and external environment under the influence of adverse factors (inflation, competition, lack of funding and qualified staff, etc.).
Longitudinal vibrations in electrodynamics suspension system
Authors: Voevodskii Constantine E , Strepetov Vladimir M
Published: March 2018

A system of electrodynamics suspension (EDS) in which the primary source of the field (electromagnet) is moving in a straight line parallel to the surface of the track and his speed makes small oscillations around a mean value is considered. The approximation of an infinitely wide track is allowed, the primary source of the electromagnetic field acts as a so-called periodic source. This problem is a special case of the general problem of the rate of the transients in the EDS, caused by uneven movement. Named speed determines the amount of time constants that make sense, and in contrast to the simplest case of a one-dimensional linear oscillator system EDS characterizes not by a single time constant, but by infinite set of values. The method of calculation of levitation and braking forces acting in this oscillatory motion on carriage electromagnet is worked out and simple explicit formulas to calculate these forces are got. On the basis of the calculation of time constants the rate of the transients in the EDS, caused by uneven movement is assessed. The calculations of levitation and braking forces according to the developed technique are made. The results obtained allow to delimit the applicability of the so-called quasi-static approach which consists in that the irregularly moving of electromagnet replaced by concurrent, i.e., the same electromagnet, similarly disposed and uniformly moving with a speed coinciding with the instantaneous value of the actual longitudinal speed of the electromagnet. In the quasi-static approximation, fluctuations of levitation and braking forces are in phase with oscillations of speed and amplitude of the forces oscillations do not depends on the frequency of the speed oscillation. The calculations show that in reality there is phase shift between the forces oscillations and speed oscillations depending on the frequency. Amplitudes of levitation and braking forces oscillations also depend on the oscillation frequency, and for each speed value a resonance frequency exists at which they reach the maximum value.
Model of deformation of concrete based on flow plasticity theory for analysis of durability of plain concrete and reinforced concrete bridge constractions
Authors: Solovyov L Yu
Published: March 2018

The purpose of research - perfection of mathematical approaches to an estimation of durability of reinforced concrete structures. The method of research used in work is based on known positions of theories of plasticity with nonassociated flow rule and double isotropic hardening. Result of work are the basic mathematical dependences of nonlinear model of concrete on the basis of the nonassociated flow rule, and algorithm of their application for an estimation of durability of concrete and reinforced concrete bridge structures. The nonassociated flow rule is used. For the description of nonlinear compressibility of a material at the three-dimension stress state, additional loading surfaces and the plastic potential, are entered. The strength surface of durability is presented in the principle stresses space in the form of the closed volume (cap model). The loading surface is under construction as similar of a strength surface. Complexity of the received mathematical model is compensated by opportunities of calculation of designs at nonproportionate loadings. The model can be built in the general model of deformation of concrete and reinforced concrete with cracks, including - in view of cyclic and long term loadings. The practical importance consists in applicability of model for forecasting durability of statically indefinable concrete and ferro-concrete designs having damages in the form of cracks.
The method of conditional boundary
Authors: Voevodskii K E , Strepetov V M
Published: March 2018

The goal of this work is to propose a new approach to the calculation of electromagnetic field that excited by the eddy current induced in the conductive environment the influence of an external magnetic field source. The quasistationary approximation accepted, that is, the bias currents do not take into account. Method. The main feature of the method is the introduction of so-called conditional boundary. This name is given for mental surfaces, which can be done in the area, free of conductive environment. Boundary form is arbitrary and dictated by considerations of calculations convenience. The agreement that the same boundary conditions, like on the conductor-vacuum boundary are performed. We prove that this task change leads to a change in its decisions only outside of the conductor and the only for part of the electric field. Magnetic induction vector throughout the space, as well as electric field tension vector in the conductive environment do not change. At the same time, a good choice of conditional boundary in some cases allows to simplify the task with calculation point of view. In addition to the conditional boundaries introduction, some formal basic conversion ratios are proposed, describing quasistationary electromagnetic field. These changes had the same goal to simplify calculations. The result. The new formulation of task of quasistationary electromagnetic field calculation is received in the form of differential equations system and boundary conditions, including both known ratio and the newly received. The new formulation is equivalent to traditional (with the above proviso). However, it has some advantages in terms of ease of calculation. The practical significance. In practice of specific calculations the method would be useful, particularly in cases when the form guide is close to some "simple" form.
On the establishment of vacuum-levitation transport system
Authors: Lapidus B M
Published: March 2018

The beginning of the twenty-first century is characterized by strengthening of global priorities in the transport system development. The transition to a resource efficient economy requires the development of innovative technologies in transport. Besides innovations the driver of the development of technologies in railway transport is the growing competitiveness of alternative transport modes (aviation, road transport). Modern estimates of high-speed parameters of transport system are based on the contact pairs «wheel - rail» and «collecting pantograph - contact wire», which predetermine the speed limit at the level of 350-360 km/h. In the paper, the contactless of energy transmission from infrastructure to rolling stock (magnetic levitation method) is substantiated for creation of efficient high-speed transport means. However, due to a high level of environmental air resistance of rolling stock, the speed is limited to 450-500 km/h. The transport system project, which based on using artificially created vacuum environment for the movement of transport mean by the principle of a magnetic or aero levitation, bases on "disruptive" technologies for traditional transport modes. The physical basis of the project is a multiple reduction of air resistance to the moving transport mean. It predetermines the multiple energy effect. An algorithm for preparation of the project concept for a high-speed system using vacuum-levitation train system of the organizational represents a sequence of steps. Its goal is to create fundamental scientific principles for development of a high-speed service of up to and over 1000 km/h. The development of a fundamentally new transport mode - vacuum-levitation «container system» can have a particular importance for Russia and the world community. It could provide a multiple growth of Russian transport system competitiveness in the global goods exchange between Europe and Asia.
Choice of regional passenger transportation development model based on world-wide survey
Authors: Volkova E M
Published: March 2018

Introduction. Regional passenger companies (RPCs) split-off was a result of Russian railways restructuring. Now RPCs have some problems of development, one of them is insufficient funding from regional authorities. Purpose. The purpose of the research is identification of regional passenger transportation general tendencies and features in various countries on the base of international experience survey, including forms of interaction between RPCs and regional authorities. The research is focusing on the following aspects: 1) competition forms at suburban and regional passenger transportation markets; 2) railway infrastructure and vehicles ownership; 3) state or private ownership on regional passenger companies; 4) regional passenger transportation financing schemes; 5) possibilities of regional passenger transportation performance increasing. Methodology. For achievement of the research purpose general scientific methods were applied, such as: analysis and synthesis, generalization, analogy, comparison, induction, system approach. Results. The article has the analysis of competition forms at regional passenger transportation markets. Models of regional passenger transportation development in the world are classified into competition model and regulatory model. Practical importance. Results of the research can be used by regional authorities in case of transportation policy development, transport reforming and further regional passenger transportation improvement. Conclusion. The survey of regional passenger companies development should be considered in case of suburban railway passenger transportation reforming in our country. It must be kept in mind RPCs operating conditions in certain regions of Russia, the high level of social importance and historical aspects of suburban transportations development.