bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Albumin for the Prevention of Hemodynamic Instability During Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis. A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial. (The SAFER-SLED Study)
Authors: Clark Edward , McIntyre Lauralyn , Watpool Irene , Kong Jennifer WY. , Ramsay Tim , Sabri Elham , Canney Mark , Hundemer Gregory L. , Brown Pierre-Antoine , Sood Manish M. , Hiremath Swapnil
Published: July 2021

Background: Hemodynamic instability is a frequent complication of sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) treatments in the ICU. Intravenous hyperoncotic albumin may prevent hypotension and facilitate ultrafiltration. In this feasibility trial, we sought to determine if a future trial, powered to evaluate clinically relevant outcomes, is feasible. Methods: This single-centre, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized feasibility trial included patients with acute kidney injury who started SLED in the ICU. Patients were randomized to receive 25% albumin versus 0.9% saline (control) as 100 mL boluses at the start and midway through SLED, for up to 10 sessions. The recruitment rate and other feasibility outcomes were determined. Secondary exploratory outcomes included ultrafiltration volumes and metrics of hemodynamic instability.Results: Sixty patients (271 SLED sessions) were recruited over 10 months. Age and severity of illness were similar between study groups. Most had septic shock and required vasopressor support at baseline. Protocol adherence occurred for 244 sessions (90%); no patients were lost to follow-up; no study-related adverse events were observed; open label albumin use was 9% and 15% in the albumin and saline arms, respectively. Ultrafiltration volumes were not significantly different but, compared to the saline group, the albumin group experienced less hemodynamic instability across all definitions assessed including a smaller absolute decrease in systolic blood pressure (mean difference 10.0 mmHg, 95% confidence interval 5.2 - 14.8).Conclusions: SLED patients who received intravenous 25% albumin during treatments experienced less hemodynamic instability than those who received 0.9% saline. A larger trial to evaluate clinically relevant outcomes is feasible.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03665311); First Posted: Sept 11th, 2018. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03665311?term=NCT03665311&draw=2&rank=1
A rare case of recurrent ovarian cancer with NTRK1-TPM3 gene rearrangement
Authors: Endo Yuta , Watanabe Takafumi , Saito Motonobu , Saito Katsuharu , Suzuki Rei , Sano Hideki , Natori Yutaka , Sasaki Eisaku , Ueda Makiko , Kamo Norihito , Furukawa Shigenori , Soeda Shu , Kono Koji , Saji Shigehira , Fujimori Keiya
Published: July 2021

Background: NTRK gene fusion is rare in gynecologic cancer. Entrectinib is a novel targeted drug which is a potent inhibitor of TRK A, B and C. Here, we present a case of recurrent ovarian cancer with NTRK1-TPM3 rearrangement, which was detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and treated with entrectinib. Case Presentation:A 56-year-old woman was diagnosed as having stage IV ovarian cancer due to pleural effusion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy were performed. Ten months after completion of chemotherapy, the patient’s disease recurred. She was treated with multimodal therapy for recurrence. DNA-based NGS detected NTRK1-TPM3 rearrangement and entrectinib was started. However, the patient’s disease progressed despite six weeks’ administration of entrectinib, and one month after discontinuation of entrectinib, she died. After her death immunohistochemistry with a pan-Trk monoclonal antibody was performed to determine the expression of NTRK. However, immunohistochemistry was negative for NTRK.Conclusion: We presented a rare case of recurrent ovarian cancer with NTRK1-TPM3 gene fusion, in which entrectinib was not effective. While NTRK gene fusion was detected by DNA-based NGS, immunohistochemistry was negative for NTRK. Immunohistchemitory should be performed for confirmation of NTRK protein expression before entrectinib administration.
A qualitative evaluation of a 'covid responder' scheme for medical students
Authors: Grafton-Clarke Ciaran , Uraiby Hussein , Abraham Shalin , Ramjee Ayushi , Kent Jennifer , Parnham Rosie , Kirtley Joanne , McCarthy Mark
Published: July 2021

Background

The first UK wave of COVID-19 led to the temporary suspension of medical school placements. Medical students were offered paid employment through a COVID Responder Scheme (CRS). We aimed to qualitatively assess the experience of those who participated in this scheme in comparison to traditional clinical attachments.
Summary of work

A bespoke questionnaire was designed to explore key themes identified through theme selection, literature review and consensus. Following piloting and validation, the questionnaire was circulated to students recruited to the CRS. A grounded theory analytic framework was used to analyse data. A modified-Delphi consensus process was used to reach a consensus on ‘what makes you feel most valued as a medical student’.
Summary of results

36 students (46.2% response rate) responded. 86.1% of respondents felt their contribution was worthwhile. 65% reported being significantly more integrated into a team than in their university attachments. Concerns prior to starting CRS work included availability of PPE and the ability to contribute effectively, but refreshingly these concerns did not present as challenges. The steep learning curve of experiential learning alongside virtual teaching commitments proved difficult to juggle when facing physical, mental and emotional fatigue from long hours working busy clinical shifts. Respondents cited the educational benefit of the CRS throughout the survey. Recognition and commendation were highly effective in providing a sense of value ahead of renumeration. 44.4% of respondents were concerned about their future training and a reduction in clinical exposure.
Discussion

The majority of respondents reported CRS work as worthwhile, with reasons including increased responsibility for patient care and a sense of contribution to the clinical team. This in turn led to autonomous practice and task accountability, which further integrated them into the team and developed their clinical confidence. A student’s sense of value was strongly linked to being identified in emotional responses from colleagues and patients ahead of financial renumeration, suggesting scope for improvement within unpaid attachments / rotations.
Conclusion

There is an opportunity to take value from the COVID-19 medical student experience to improve undergraduate medical education through and beyond the pandemic.
Social network-based ethical analysis of COVID-19 vaccine supply policy in three Central Asian countries
Authors: Aripov Timur , Wikler Daniel , Asadov Damin , Tulekov Zhangir , Murzabekova Totugul , Munir Kerim
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
In the pandemic time, many low- and middle-income countries are experiencing restricted access to COVID-19 vaccines. An access to imported vaccines or ways to produce them locally becomes the principal source of hope. But developing a strategy for success in obtaining and allocating vaccines is not easy task. The governments in those countries have faced difficult decision whether to accept or reject offers of vaccine diplomacy, weighing price and availability of COVID-19 vaccines against concerns over their efficacy and safety. Our aim was to analyze public opinion regarding the governmental strategies to obtain COVID-19 vaccines in three Central Asian countries, focusing particularly on possible ethical issues.
Methods
We searched opinions expressed either in Russian or in the respective national languages. We provided data of the debate within three countries, drawn from social media postings and other sources. The opinion data was not restricted by source and time. This allowed to collect a wide range of possible opinions that could be expressed regarding COVID-19 vaccine supply and public’s participation in vaccine trials. We recognized ethical issues and possible questions concerning different ethical frameworks. We also considered additional information or scientific data, in the process of reasoning.
Results
As a result, public views on their respective government policies on COVID-19 vaccine supply ranged from strongly negative to slightly positive. We extracted most important issues from public debates, for our analysis. The first issue involved trade-offs between quantity, speed, price, freedom, efficacy and safety in the vaccines. The second set of issues arouse in connection with the request to site a randomized trial in one of countries (Uzbekistan). After considering additional evidences, we weighed individual with public risks and benefits to make specific judgements concerning every issue.
Conclusions
We believe that our analysis would be a helpful example of solving ethical issues that can rise concerning COVID-19 vaccine supply round the world. The public view can be highly critical, helping to spot such issues. An ignoring this view can lead to major problems, which in turn, can become a serious obstacle for the vaccine coverage and epidemics’ control in the countries and regions.
Transmission of Gastrointestinal Parasites in between Deer and Livestock Species at buffer zone located within the eastern part of Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Subash , Regmi Sagar , Ghimire Roshan , Pokhrel Ashish , Sadaula Amir , Shrestha Bijaya Kumar
Published: July 2021

Deer are the hoofed ruminants of the order Artiodactyla and suborder Ruminantia in which infectious disease and parasites are of major concern in their conservation. This specific research helps us to determine the transmission of gastrointestinal parasites between deer and livestock in the buffer zone. The study was conducted in the eastern part of Chitwan National Park from June 2020 to July 2020. Fecal examination for the parasitic load was carried out using Floatation and Sedimentation techniques. 96.49% of the total fecal samples tested for parasitic eggs were found to be positive for the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasite whereas parasitic prevalence in livestock of Buffer Zone i.e. Sauraha and Bachhauli area was calculated to be 87.30% based on the examination conducted within that same period and same area by the veterinary hospital. Pramphistomum was the most prevalent one in both deer (72.72%) and livestock (52.63%). The finding of this research revealed the higher chances of the exchange of parasites between the deer and livestock. A more advanced study must be done in this sector and concerned authorities should develop and implement effective plans to prevent cross-transmission of parasites between deer and livestock and other wildlife.
High burden of hypovitaminosis D among the children and adolescents in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siddiqee Mahbubul Hasan , Bhattacharjee Badhan , Siddiqi Umme Ruman , Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur
Published: July 2021

Background: Vitamin D is vital for the growth and development of children. While deficiency and/or insufficiency of vitamin D among South Asian children are frequently reported in the literature, the lack of a meta-analysis has left its true extent poorly characterized. In this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and perform meta-analyses of the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among the children of the South Asian countries.Methods: Two major electronic search engines (PubMed and Scopus) and one database (Google scholar) were used; original studies, conducted among South Asian children and adolescents and published between 1st January 2001 and 31st December 2019. A random-effect meta-analysis was also performed to calculate the pooled prevalence of hypovitaminosis D followed by subgroup analyses for countries and age-groups.Results: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 41 studies with a total population size of 18,233 were finally selected. The overall prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 61% [95% CI: 46% to 71%] with highly significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.72%; p = 0.00). The average level of serum vitamin D ranged from 5 ng/mL to 34 ng/mL, with a weighted mean of 19.15 ng/mL (weighted standard deviation 11.59 ng/mL). Country-wise analysis showed that hypovitaminosis D in Afghanistan was the highest [96.2%; 95% CI: 91% to 99%], followed by Pakistan [94%; 95% CI: 90% to 96%], India [64%; 95% CI: 46% to 79%], Bangladesh [35.48%; 95% CI: 32% to 39%], Nepal [35%; 95% CI: 1% to 83%.]and Sri Lanka [25%; 95% CI: 16% to 36%]. Age-group analyses revealed that hypovitaminosis D was most prevalent among neonates [85%; 95% CI: 76% to 91%], followed by school-going children [57%; 95% CI: 33% to 80%], and pre-school children [55%; 95% CI: 35% to 75%].Conclusion: This study generates quantitative evidence and specific extent of hypovitaminosis D in the South Asian countries as a public health concern. Being the first systematic review for this region, results from this study will create awareness and will facilitate adopting mitigation strategies by the policymakers and the governments to address this problem.
Exon Skipping as a Therapeutic for Neurofibromatosis Type I
Authors: Wallis Deeann , Leier Andre , Moore Marc , Daniel Michael , Liu Hui , Hyde Alexis , Messiaen Ludwine , korf Bruce , Selvakumaran Jamuna , Ciszewski Lukasz , Lambert Laura , Foote Jeremy , Kesterson Robert , Dickson George , Popplewell Linda
Published: July 2021

We investigated the feasibility of utilizing an exon skipping approach as a genotype-dependent therapeutic for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) by determining which NF1 exons might be skipped while maintaining neurofibromin function. Human neurofibromin is well-known as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), but outside of its GAP-related domain (GRD), it is unclear how critical other regions are for function. Initial in silico analysis predicted exons that can be skipped with minimal loss of neurofibromin function. Utilizing a novel Nf1 cDNA system, we performed a functional screen to determine the effects of exon skipping on in vitro neurofibromin expression and GRD function. Loss of single exons 12, 17, 25, 41, 47, or 52 maintained significant GRD function in at least two Ras activity assays. Exons 18/19, 20 and 28 are critical for GRD function; deletion of exons 20, 41, or 47 led to significantly lower levels of neurofibromin. As suggested by in silico analysis, skipping of exons 17 or 52 resulted in both the highest neurofibromin levels and the greatest suppression of Ras activity. Assessment of NF1 patient databases indicates that pathogenic variants resulting in deletion or skipping of exons 17, 25, and 52 have not been reported; and truncating pathogenic variants in each exon account for ~0.91, 0.94, and 0.25% of unrelated NF1 cases, respectively. Hence, we designed antisense phosphodiamitate morpholino oligos (PMOs) to skip exon 17 and evaluated them in human cell lines that we generated via CRISPR/Cas9 with a patient-specific truncating pathogenic variant, c.1885G>A. We down-selected oligos that efficiently caused skipping of exon 17 and restored NF1 expression and function. Further, homozygous deletion of exon 17 in a novel mouse model is compatible with viable and grossly healthy animals with normal lifespan and no tumor development, providing proof-of-concept that exon 17 is not essential for murine neurofibromin function. Mild phenotypes observed include abnormal nesting behavior and lymphoid hyperplasia with increased numbers of both B- and T-cells. Hence, exon skipping should be further investigated as a therapeutic approach for NF1 patients with treatment of individuals with pathogenic variants in exon 17.
Innovation of Herbal Tourism Village Concepts as Alternative for Tourism in the Post-Pandemic New Normal Era
Authors: Utama I Gusti Bagus Rai , Erfiani Ni Made Diana , Wuruwu Dermawan , Susanto Putu Chris , Turker Sidhi Bayu , Suyasa Ni Luh Christine Prawitha , Darmawijaya I Putu , Trimurti Christimulia Purnama
Published: July 2021

The novelty of this paper is the application of downstream innovation in the tourism concept into herbal tourism village as alternative form of tourism in the post-pandemic new normal era. It is based on a project as an implementation of previous research results related to tourism villages, in particular Catur Tourism Village, Kintamani, Bali. The results of the project can strengthen community-based tourism initiatives in Catur Tourism Village by strengthening homestay management so that the attraction of overnight tourism increases following the standards of hospitality, cleanliness, health, safety, and environmental sustainability in the adaptation to new and post-pandemic habits. Designing and marketing the potentials for natural, agro, herbal, and cultural tourism were done through co-development in exploring, packaging, and presenting tourist attractions as something to see. Empowering and instilling the values ​​of excellent service quality local tour guides in eco-tourism exploration as something to do. Empowering tourism village managers and villagers in developing tourism products based on the principles of Sapta Pesona, including developing and packaging Catur Village souvenir products as something to buy, so that tourists get a thorough tourism experience.
Primjena IKT-a u procesu učenja, poučavanja i vrednovanja u srednjim strukovnim školama
Authors: Rogošić Silvia , Baranović Branislava , Šabić Josip
Published: July 2021

Tekst se zasniva na rezultatima empirijskog istraživanja o primjeni informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT) u srednjim strukovnim školama u Zagrebu i Zagrebačkoj županiji. Analizirani su intervjui s nastavnicima (N=29) i fokus grupe s učenicima srednjih strukovnih škola (6 grupa, N=48). Ispitivalo se s kojim ciljem i na koje načine nastavnici i učenici najčešće koriste IKT, što smatraju prednostima, a što nedostacima pri korištenju IKT-a u nastavne svrhe te koji su njihovi prijedlozi za unaprjeđenje primjene IKT-a u školi. U tekstu se također analizira je li primjena IKT-a u funkciji konstruktivističke nastave. Nalazi pokazuju da nastavnici koriste IKT gotovo svakodnevno, ali u nastavi i dalje dominiraju tradicionalne metode poučavanja. Prema mišljenju nastavnika, najčešće su prepreke za adekvatnu primjenu IKT-a u nastavi nedovoljna informatička opremljenost škola, zastarjeli školski kurikulumi te manjkavosti u formalnom obrazovanju, kao i u dodatnim edukacijama nastavnika koje ih ne pripremaju na prikladan način za primjenu IKT-a u nastavi. Osim navedenog, nastavnici ističu i nedostatak vremena te niske prihode zbog kojih često nisu motivirani za kompleksnije načine korištenja IKT-a u nastavi.
Psihološka otpornost i kvaliteta života
Authors: Miljević-Riđički Renata , Brđanović Davor
Published: July 2021

Ovim se istraživanjem provjerilo razlikuju li se prema psihološkoj otpornosti i kvaliteti života učenici osnovne škole koji dodatno pohađaju i glazbenu školu, od onih koji nisu uključeni u dodatnu glazbenu izobrazbu. Usto, s obzirom na školu koju učenici pohađaju, provjereno je postoje li razlike u promatranim varijablama prema spolu. U istraživanju su sudjelovali učenici usporedivog uzrasta – završnih razreda osnovne škole te završnih razreda osnovne glazbene škole. Uzorak je bio prigodni, ukupno 218 učenika (112 polaznika osnovne škole i 106 učenika koji uz osnovnu pohađaju i osnovnu glazbenu školu). Korišten je Ungarov upitnik otpornosti (CYRM-28) i Upitnik kvalitete života (Kidscreen Questionaire-52). Rezultati su prikazani putem deskriptivnih statističkih pokazatelja i obrađeni dvosmjernom analizom varijance. Učenici koji uz općeobrazovnu dodatno pohađaju i osnovnu glazbenu školu iskazali su veću otpornost i kvalitetu života. Statistički značajna razlika njihovih iskaza prema spolu – interakcija spola i škole – nije se pokazala. Istraživanje je ukazalo na bavljenje glazbom kao potencijalni zaštitni faktor u razvoju psihološke otpornosti i kvalitete života kod djece.
Lo sistémico entre escuela y familia. Universos posibles
Authors: Rodríguez Bustamante Alexander , Agudelo Gallego Carlos Mauricio , Córdoba-Quintero Luisa Fernanda
Published: July 2021

Este artículo pretende generar claridades sobre el planteamiento sistémico, llevado a los universos de la escuela y la familia. Se plantean lugares de encuentro entre estos dos sistemas interconexionados por el pensamiento sistémico y la comunicación, rescatando que la escuela y la familia han sido determinantes en la configuración de subjetividades y sociedades. Estas reflexiones permiten concluir que las manifestaciones recíprocas de la familia y la escuela esculpen maneras de ser y de estar en el mundo.
“El protocolo en el que seremos juzgados.” Un estudio de Mateo 25: 31-46
Authors: Verdini Leandro Ariel
Published: July 2021

El estudio se propone el análisis de la última de las parábolas del evangelio de Mateo, examinando su lenguaje y elementos teológicos fundamentales; así como también su forma y composición en la obra. El trabajo se motiva por la designación que el Papa Francisco dio al texto, comprendiéndolo como recapitulación esencial del camino cristiano fundamental que debe emprender el discípulo que desea vivir las huellas del Maestro.
Des "versets sataniques" à Charlie Hebdo: 1989-2015 - Protéger la liberté d´'expression artistique: une utopie?
Authors: Debs Sylvie
Published: July 2021

La condamnation à mort de Salman Rushdie par la fatwa de l’Ayatollah Khomeiny pour les Versets sataniques a marqué l’entrée dans l’ère post 1989 avec l’apparition d’un terrorisme d’État à l’échelle planétaire qui a secoué le monde entier comme lors de l’attentat des journalistes et dessinateurs de Charlie Hebdo en 2015. Les assassinats d’intellectuels et de journalistes en Algérie entre 1991 et 2002, celui de Théo Van Gogh aux Pays Bas en 2004, la controverse des caricatures de Mahomet en 2005 au Danemark participent du même récit fondateur d’un islam radical qui réfute la liberté d’expression artistique. Face à ce danger qui touche aussi bien les pays musulmans que non musulmans, l’organisme international de défense et protection de la liberté d’expression des écrivains comme le PEN International s’est renforcé, et d’autres, comme Index on Censorship, Article 19, Human Rights Watch, Reporters Sans Frontières, Le Parlement International des Écrivains, International Cities of Refugee Network, Cartooning for Peace, Scholars at Risk, Human Rights Defenders ou encore Artists at Risk Connection, ont vu le jour devant l’augmentation exponentielle du nombre de personnes menacées. L’article analyse le cas de Salman Rushdie ainsi que les causes de la menace d’attaque terroriste à l’encontre des écrivains, définit les nouveaux contours de la censure, puis présente les mécanismes de protection mis en place à travers le monde par des organisations à but non lucratif.
Juízes, moleiros e Constituição
Authors: Oliveira Wagner Vinicius de
Published: July 2021

Esse artigo desenvolve uma perspectiva crítica para as instituições judiciais. A problemática consiste em questionar se a existência de juízas e juízes protege adequadamente interesses individuais. A hipótese testada considera inviável equiparar de maneira direta e necessária existência judicial e proteção individual. Para tanto, elege-se a revisão bibliográfica enquanto meio para fornecer dados para destacar alguns aspectos de ordem normativa e de composição institucional do Judiciário brasileiro. Portanto, a concepção de constituição radical é condição necessária, mas insuficiente para a compreensão dos fenômenos analisados. Os resultados obtidos com a realização da pesquisa sugerem a superação da desconfiança em relação a atuação social, contudo, verificam-se dificuldades de constatação e operacionalização da participação social efetiva. Conclui-se pela impossibilidade de associar a existência de juízas e juízes à proteção de direitos e de garantias fundamentais; novamente, necessários, porém insuficientes.
Legal Perspective of Female Circumcision: Study of Woman Rights to access Information of Sexual Health in Indonesian and Somalia
Authors: Ramli Lanny
Published: July 2021

Female circumcision is a controversial practice in some countries, including Indonesia. The female circumcision also occurs in Somalia and has impact of medical complication. This study aims to know the implication of female circumcision in Indonesia, especially in Situbondo, Surabaya and Bangkalan with implication of female circumcision in Somalia. Quantitative methodology is used as the methodology, while the samples are taken through random sampling and given questionnaire, interview and comparison with Somalia. The finding showed that most women are still does not know about the function of female circumcision in Indonesia and Somalia, they only following the tradition within their community. The patriarchy culture that view woman as a lower creature makes woman cannot get her right in asking about reproductive health. In Somalia, there are impact of circumcision with reproductive health and many complications with health. It even considered as taboo and unnecessary. Female circumcision that firstly legalized by the Health Minister is now prohibited due to health problem. Therefore, female circumcision is no longer legal in Indonesia meanwhile in Somalia is legal in their government. In Indonesia, female as a part of society did not have any rights on their own self. Their life is depend on the tradition which sustain until present and will be continued for next generation. The tradition is often spread within the religious belief and vice versa. Therefore, the practice of female circumcision is still happening in three regions, including Surabaya, Bangkalan and Situbondo. Meanwhile In Somalia, female as a part of society who has any rights on their own self. In Somalia, female circumcision was supported by society and government in Somalia.
COMPARATIVE DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE PRACTICS OF CHURCH WORSHIP OF UKRAINIAN AND AMERICAN PENTECOSTALS
Authors: HURA VITALII
Published: July 2021

The article demonstrates the basic concepts of discourse theory and offers a model of practical application of discourse analysis to determine the liturgical identity of the early American Pentecostals and Ukrainian Pentecostals of the Soviet period.The author demonstrates that if there are common elements in the history of the origin of the Pentecostal movement and the similarity of the dogmatic basis, the causes of misunderstandings should be sought in the hermeneutics of liturgical discourse. The "apostolic discourse" of the early American Pentecostals tended to maximize the deconstruction of all forms of worship in order to maximize the revelation of human nature for the knowledge of God. The discourse of "biblical fidelity" of the Soviet Pentecostals was formed during the period of information isolationism and brutal persecution on religious grounds. Combined with the Baptist tradition of regulated worship and Eastern Orthodox ideas of spirituality, the Soviet Pentecostals formed their own local liturgical tradition.The comparison of mystical manifestations and practices performed between the representatives of the Azusa Street Revival and the Soviet Pentecostals clearly illustrates the above theses.
THE REFLECTION ON THE CONCEPT OF UNIVERSALS AND ITS SOCIAL-HISTORICAL VERIFICATION
Authors: PASKO IHOR
Published: July 2021

In this article, the author reviews the concept of singular and general. The analysis focus on the problem of universals during social-historical transformation. The author illustrates the manifestation of universals as a category during the Antiquity and the Modern era. The author argues that the shift in perception of Natural law, making an individual the central unit of analysis, happened during the Modernity. This shift leads to the creation of the concept of the social contract and the development of the idea that the will of individuals within a given society has to be the state's law.
Therefore, a historical paradox occurred, where private property and laissez-faire economic doctrine simultaneously became the causes for development and a foundation for objection to the conceptional-nominalist paradigm. The consecutive historical development was connected with mass attempts of different social groups to implement individual freedom, anti-etatism, rationalism. This led to shaping the social paradigm of modernity as well as to moderate conservative way of thinking and recognizing the practical falsity of extreme forms realism and nominalism.
This influence of various social groups resulted in the establishment of moderate conservatism in the contemporary social paradigm and the invalidation of radical realism and nominalism. This fact is confirmed by the dominance of liberal-conservative consensus in Modern Europe. Synthesizing the different approaches to the historical experience of formation and evolution of realism and nominalism, it also explores the role and significance theoretical reflection on Universals in the process of social reconstruction.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE JAPANESE MEMORY POLITIC IN THE II HALF OF XX-XXI CENTURIES IN THE CONTEXTS OF PAN-ASIAN AMBITIONS
Authors: BIBIK OLEKSANDRA
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analyses of the role of Pan-Asianism in the formation of the Japanese policy of memory in the period after World War II. Since the Meiji period, Japan has had a dual relationship with Asia: on the one hand, as a region of high spirituality and culture, on the other, as a region lagging behind the West or Europe in terms of economic, political and technological development. In the 1950s, when Japan was experiencing a period of economic crisis caused by the defeat of the war, the occupation regime, and the formation of military memory, we see a trend of Japanese intellectuals classifying Japan as "Asia". If during World War I Pan-Asian ideology was used to correct imperial ideology and colonialism, modern Pan-Asian concepts tend to create a union of Southeast Asian countries for support and mutual development. The further development of these sentiments depends on the implementation of existing ASEAN projects and the specifics of the adopted political and economic strategies of the Asian Commonwealth.
The articles provide the first comprehensive analysis of the constitutional documents, editions and speeches of Japanese politicians, which show the transformations of Japanese memory politic. The main terms of development of this policy, which consist in patient orientation and gradual formation of new Asianism, are separated. Discussions around Yasukuni-jinja and Japanese history textbooks as examples of these trends in Japanese politics are analyzed.
Provided that Japan's pacifist position is enshrined in the constitution, there are conservative and nationalist views on the Japanese war in Asia. As part of Japan's policy of remembrance, Pan-Asianism fosters an ambivalent attitude toward Japanese expansion in Asia. Subject to Japan's official admission of guilt to neighbouring countries, condemnation of expansionism and colonialism, and the transition to pacifism, there are conservative and nationalist views on the Japanese war in Asia. Within the conservative position, Japanese guilt is questioned and the need to recognize the heroic participants in the war is proclaimed, the "Great East Asian War" is interpreted as a war of self-defence, or the correctness and truth of Pan-Asian ideals of Taisho and Showa Japan are recognized.
Тепловое излучение графена
Authors: Рехвиашвили С.Ш. , Strek W.
Published: July 2021

Рассмотрена задача о тепловом излучении идеального графена. В качестве основы взяты теоретические представления о поверхностных электромагнитных волнах и поверхностном импедансе. Вычислена интенсивность теплового излучения графена как функция частоты внешнего излучения. Обсуждается роль размерного эффекта теплового излучения в формировании широкополосного ("белого") излучения графеновой пены. Ключевые слова: графен, тепловое излучение, поверхностные электромагнитные волны, коэффициенты Френеля, поляризация, поверхностный импеданс.
Гомодинный квадратурный интерферометр перемещений. Моделирование
Authors: Вишняков Г.Н. , Минаев В.Л.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, based on the Jones matrix formalism, we describe the optical scheme of a single-pass homodyne displacement interferometer with a quadrature phase detection principle. The interferometer is built according to the Michelson scheme, and polarizing optical elements are used to obtain quadrature signals with a phase shift of 90°. The interferometer is supposed to be used as part of a new Russian standard of the kilogram based on watt balance for precision measurements of the displacement and speed of the coil in the vertical direction. The results of modeling the optical scheme of the interferometer are considered in order to assess the effect on the measurement accuracy of the imperfection of the polarizing elements and their alignment. An algorithm for correction of nonlinearity arising in the quadratic detection of interference signals is also considered. The results of experimental testing of a homodyne displacement interferometer with a quadrature principle of phase registration are carried out.
Моделирование спектров люминесценции в сферических микрорезонаторах с излучающей оболочкой
Authors: Дукин А.А. , Голубев В.Г.
Published: July 2021

The luminescence spectra of a microresonator structure consisting of a spherical core of small diameter (3.5 – 6 mcm) covered with a luminescent shell with a refractive index less than that of the core are modeled. Shell luminescence spectra, radial distribution of the whispering gallery mode (WGM) field, and mode parameters (wavelength, width, quality factor) are calculated using the expansion of the electromagnetic wave field in the basis of vector spherical harmonics and the method of spherical wave transfer matrices. The dependence of the luminescence spectra and WGM parameters on the geometric and optical parameters of the structure - the shell thickness, the refractive index of the shell, and the core diameter - is studied.
Угловые характеристики сенсора коэффициента преломления на основе отражательного интерферометра
Authors: Терентьев В.С. , Симонов В.А.
Published: July 2021

The angular properties of sensor, implemented in Kretschmann’s scheme, where the optimized for oblique incidence of light thin-film reflection interferometer acts as a sensing element, are described in the paper. Analytical equations, defining the sensor’s properties for S and P polarization states at working wavelength in vicinity of working angle of incidence, are provided, as well as approximate equations for main parameters of sensor: sensitivity, angular full width at half maximum, contrast and figure of merit. The possibility to vary the named parameters by choosing appropriate metal and dielectric layers of the structure is shown. For an example, the numerical calculations are made for one of special cases, optimized for S polarization state, as having larger figures of merit. The dependencies of angular properties on number of layers and base thickness are demonstrated. It is shown, that angular measurements with this method are theoretically capable of infinite figures of merit, and in practice they are only limited by losses in layered structure and beam divergency. The recommendations for experimental realization of method are given.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): Application to Geological Materials-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Dubey Sonali , Kumar Rohit , Rai Abhishek K. , Rai Awadhesh K.
Published: July 2021

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is emerging as an analytical tool for investigating geological materials. The unique abilities of this technique proven its potential in the area of geology. Detection of light elements, portability for in-field analysis, spot detection, and no sample preparation are some features that make this technique appropriate for the study of geological materials. The application of the LIBS technique has been tremendously developed in recent years. In this report, results obtained from previous and most recent studies regarding the investigation of geological materials LIBS technique are reviewed. Firstly, we introduce investigations that report the advancement in LIBS instrumentation, its applications, especially in the area of gemology and the extraterrestrial/planetary exploration have been reviewed. Investigation of gemstones by LIBS technique is not widely reviewed in the past as compared to LIBS application in planetary exploration or other geological applications. It is anticipated that for the classification of gemstones samples, huge data set is appropriate and to analyze this data set, multivariate/chemometric methods will be useful. Recent advancement of LIBS instrumentation for the study of meteorites, depth penetration in Martian rocks and its regolith proved the feasibility of LIBS used as robotic vehicles in the Martian environment. Keywords: LIBS, Gemstone, geological samples, Extra-terrestrial
Acceptability of Intervention Design Factors in mHealth Intervention Research: Experimental Factorial Study (Preprint)
Authors: Materia Frank T , Smyth Joshua M
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

With the growing interest in mobile health (mHealth), behavioral medicine researchers are increasingly conducting intervention studies that use mobile technology (eg, to support healthy behavior change). Such studies’ scientific premises are often sound, yet there is a dearth of implementational data on which to base mHealth research methodologies. Notably, mHealth approaches must be designed to be acceptable to research participants to support meaningful engagement, but little empirical data about design factors influencing acceptability in such studies exist.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the impact of two common design factors in mHealth intervention research—requiring multiple devices (eg, a study smartphone and wrist sensor) relative to requiring a single device and providing individually tailored feedback as opposed to generic content—on reported participant acceptability.

METHODS

A diverse US adult convenience sample (female: 104/255, 40.8%; White: 208/255, 81.6%; aged 18-74 years) was recruited to complete a web-based experiment. A 2×2 factorial design (number of devices×nature of feedback) was used. A learning module explaining the necessary concepts (eg, behavior change interventions, acceptability, and tailored content) was presented, followed by four vignettes (representing each factorial cell) that were presented to participants in a random order. The vignettes each described a hypothetical mHealth intervention study featuring different combinations of the two design factors (requiring a single device vs multiple devices and providing tailored vs generic content). Participants rated acceptability dimensions (interest, benefit, enjoyment, utility, confidence, difficulty, and overall likelihood of participating) for each study presented.

RESULTS

Reported interest, benefit, enjoyment, confidence in completing study requirements, and perceived utility were each significantly higher for studies featuring tailored (vs generic) content, and the overall estimate of the likelihood of participation was significantly higher. Ratings of interest, benefit, and perceived utility were significantly higher for studies requiring multiple devices (vs a single device); however, multiple device studies also had significantly lower ratings of confidence in completing study requirements, and participation was seen as more difficult and was associated with a lower estimated likelihood of participation. The two factors did not exhibit any evidence of statistical interactions in any of the outcomes tested.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that potential research participants are sensitive to mHealth design factors. These mHealth intervention design factors may be important for initial perceptions of acceptability (in research or clinical settings). This, in turn, may be associated with participant (eg, self) selection processes, differential compliance with study or treatment processes, or retention over time.

CLINICALTRIAL
Exploring the Role of Web-Based Interventions in the Self-management of Dementia: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Abigail Rebecca , Gerritzen Esther Vera , McDermott Orii , Orrell Martin
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

The increasing prevalence of dementia has promoted a move toward equipping people with the skills required for greater self-management of the condition to enable a better quality of life. Self-management encompasses numerous skills, such as goal setting and decision making, which aim to improve an individual’s physical and mental well-being when they live with long-term health conditions. Effective self-management may lead to increased well-being and quality of life. Reviews of web-based and app-based interventions have suggested that they have the potential to provide self-management support for people living with a range of conditions, including dementia.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review is to explore the existing use of web-based or app-based interventions that facilitate or support self-management in dementia and discuss their effectiveness in promoting self-management and independence.

METHODS

A total of 5 electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published between January 2010 and March 2020. Included studies were appraised using the Downs and Black checklist and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program qualitative research checklist. A narrative synthesis framework was applied using tables and conceptual mapping to explore the relationships within and among studies.

RESULTS

A total of 2561 articles were identified from the initial search, of which 11 (0.43%) met the inclusion criteria for the final analysis. These included 5 quantitative, 4 mixed methods, and 2 qualitative studies. All the included articles were of fair to high quality across the two appraisal measures. Interventions were delivered through a range of web-based and app-based technologies and targeted several self-management concepts. However, there was inconsistency regarding the domains, often affected by dementia, that were targeted by the interventions reviewed.

CONCLUSIONS

Web-based and app-based interventions for dementia can be delivered through a range of means and can target different aspects of self-management. The small number of studies included in this review report positive outcomes that seem to support the use of these interventions for people living with dementia. However, there is a clear need for more high-quality research into this type of intervention delivery and for studies that use a much larger number of participants across the dementia spectrum. Future research should consider the barriers to and facilitators of intervention adoption highlighted in this review and whether interventions can encompass the physical, social, cognitive, and emotional domains affected by dementia.
CE Accreditation and Barriers to CE Marking of Pediatric Drug Calculators for Mobile Devices: Scoping Review and Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Koldeweij Charlotte , Clarke Jonathan , Nijman Joppe , Feather Calandra , de Wildt Saskia N , Appelbaum Nicholas
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Pediatric drug calculators (PDCs) intended for clinical use qualify as medical devices under the Medical Device Directive and the Medical Device Regulation. The extent to which they comply with European standards on quality and safety is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

This study determines the number of PDCs available as mobile apps for use in the Netherlands that bear a CE mark, and explore the factors influencing the CE marking of such devices among app developers.

METHODS

A scoping review of Google Play Store and Apple App Store was conducted to identify PDCs available for download in the Netherlands. CE accreditation of the sampled apps was determined by consulting the app landing pages on app stores, by screening the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency’s online registry of medical devices, and by surveying app developers. The barriers to CE accreditation were also explored through a survey of app developers.

RESULTS

Of 632 screened apps, 74 were eligible, including 60 pediatric drug dosage calculators and 14 infusion rate calculators. One app was CE marked. Of the 20 (34%) respondents to the survey, 8 considered their apps not to be medical devices based on their intent of use or functionality. Three developers had not aimed to make their app available for use in Europe. Other barriers that may explain the limited CE accreditation of sampled PDC apps included poor awareness of European regulations among developers and a lack of restrictions when placing PDCs in app stores.

CONCLUSIONS

The compliance of PDCs with European standards on medical devices is poor. This puts clinicians and their patients at risk of medical errors resulting from the largely unrestricted use of these apps.
Cruciferous Vegetable Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Cancer Recurrence in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Survivors: Development Using a Systematic Process (Preprint)
Authors: Yeary Karen H Kim , Clark Nikia , Saad-Harfouche Frances , Erwin Deborah , Kuliszewski Margaret Gates , Li Qiang , McCann Susan E , Yu Han , Lincourt Catherine , Zoellner Jamie , Tang Li
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Bladder cancer is one of the top 10 most common cancers in the United States. Most bladder cancers (70%-80%) are diagnosed at early stages as non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which can be removed surgically. However, 50% to 80% of NMIBC cases recur within 5 years, and 15% to 30% progress with poor survival. Current treatments are limited and expensive. A wealth of preclinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that dietary isothiocyanates in cruciferous vegetables (Cruciferae) could be a novel, noninvasive, and cost-effective strategy to control NMIBC recurrence and progression.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop a scalable dietary intervention that increases isothiocyanate exposure through Cruciferae intake in NMIBC survivors.

METHODS

We worked with a community advisory board (N=8) to identify relevant factors, evidence-based behavior change techniques, and behavioral theory constructs used to increase Cruciferae intake in NMIBC survivors; use the PEN-3 Model focused on incorporating cultural factors salient to the group’s shared experiences to review the intervention components (eg, the saliency of behavioral messages); administer the revised intervention to community partners for their feedback; and refine the intervention.

RESULTS

We developed a multicomponent intervention for NMIBC survivors consisting of a magazine, tracking book, live telephone call script, and interactive voice messages. Entitled POW-R Health: Power to Redefine Your Health, the intervention incorporated findings from our adaptation process to ensure saliency to NMIBC survivors.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first evidence-based, theoretically grounded dietary intervention developed to reduce bladder cancer recurrence in NMIBC survivors using a systematic process for community adaptation. This study provides a model for others who aim to develop behavioral, community-relevant interventions for cancer prevention and control with the overall goal of wide-scale implementation and dissemination.