bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power Law f(Q)$f(Q)$ Cosmology with Bulk Viscous Fluid
Authors: Rana Dheeraj Singh , Solanki Raja , Sahoo P. K.
Published: August 2024

In this work, a power law model is explored, specifically, , along with viscous matter fluid having transport coefficient . The corresponding analytical solution is derived and then confronted with recent cosmic data. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling technique is utilized to estimate the mean value of arbitrary parameters, by incorporating Cosmic Chronometers and recently published Pantheon+Analysis samples. In addition, some cosmological parameters are reconstructed by resampling the chains obtained by emcee, incorporating 6000 samples. It is found that the matter‐energy density depicts the expected positive behavior, whereas the effective pressure indicates the negative behavior that is leading the accelerating expansion, which is further predicted in the effective EoS parameter. Further, the asymptotic nature of the assumed model is investigated by invoking phase‐space analysis. It is concluded that the assumed viscous model successfully predicts an evolution of the universe from decelerated epoch to stable accelerated de‐Sitter epoch.
Heralded and Complete Interconversion Between W State and Knill–Laflamme–Milburn State via State‐Selective Reflection with Robust Fidelity
Authors: Ren Xue‐Mei , Guo Jing , Du Fang‐Fang
Published: August 2024

The interconversion of different types of entangled states not only can realize the information transmission but also play a significant role in quantum information technologies, including increasing scalability and computational power, and reducing error rates. Here, two protocols for achieving a complete interconversion between W state and Knill–Laflamme–Milburn state assisted by the quantum dot (QD)‐cavity systems and common quantum control gates are proposed. In particular, the protocols employ a heralded approach strategically designed to predict potential failures and facilitate seamless interaction between the QD‐cavity system and photons with the help of a single photon detectors, enhancing experimental accessibility. Through extensive analyzes and evaluations of two protocols, the proposed two protocols achieve remarkable utilization rates of photons (i.e., unit in principle) and achieve near‐unit fidelities and high efficiencies in principle.
Robust Catalytic SEAr H/D Exchange of Arenes with D2O: Metal‐Free Deuteration of Natural Complexes and Drugs
Authors: Zhang Zhenguo , Lv Yongheng , Ong Wan Qing Renee , Zhao Xuefei , Jia Zhenhua , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: August 2024

A catalytic metal‐free approach for the H/D exchange in aromatic compounds using D2O as the terminal deuterating reagent has been developed. This metal‐free protocol employs a triaryl carbenium as the mediator and showcases a wide applicability in the late‐stage deuteration of various natural products and small‐molecule drugs. Gram‐scale deuteration was successfully demonstrated with β‐Estradiol, highlighting the method‘s practicability. Detailed mechanistic insights, supported by DFT calculations, unveiled the essential role of in situ generated acidic species in this electrophilic aromatic substitution process. This newly developed method offers a sustainable and versatile alternative to traditional metal‐catalyzed H/D exchange techniques, addressing challenges such as the use of expensive metals, impurity formation, and the necessity for residual metal removal from the final products.
Synchronously Improved Multiple Afterglow and Phosphorescence Efficiencies in 0D Hybrid Zinc Halides With Ultrahigh Anti‐Water Stabilities
Authors: Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Wang Dan‐Yang , Yan Tian‐Yu , Wu Yi‐Fan , Gong Zhong‐Liang , Chen Zhi‐Wei , Yue Cheng‐Yang , Yan Dongpeng , Lei Xiao‐Wu
Published: August 2024

Zero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides have been emerged as room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, but synchronous optimization of multiple phosphorescence performance in one structural platform remains less resolved, and stable RTP activity in aqueous medium is also unrealized due to serious instability toward water and oxygen. Herein, we demonstrated a photophysical tuning strategy in a new 0D hybrid zinc halide family of (BTPP)2ZnX4 (BTPP=benzyltriphenylphosphonium, X=Cl and Br). Infrequently, the delicate combination of organic and inorganic species enables this family to display multiple ultralong green afterglow and efficient self‐trapped exciton (STE) associated cyan phosphorescence. Compared with inert luminescence of [BTPP]+ cation, incorporation of anionic [ZnX4]2− effectively enhance the spin‐orbit coupling effect, which significantly boosts the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 30.66 % and 54.62 % for afterglow and phosphorescence, respectively. Synchronously, the corresponding luminescence lifetime extend to 143.94 ms and 0.308 μs surpassing the indiscernible phosphorescence of [BTPP]X salt. More importantly, this halide family presents robust RTP emission with nearly unattenuated PLQY in water and harsh condition (acid and basic aqueous solution) over half a year. The highly efficient integrated afterglow and STE phosphorescence as well as ultrahigh aqueous state RTP realize multiple anti‐counterfeiting applications in wide chemical environments.
Enantioconvergent and Site‐Selective Etherification of Carbohydrate Polyols through Chiral Copper Radical Catalysis
Authors: Guo Hao , Tan Dilber , Merten Christian , Loh Charles C. J.
Published: August 2024

Going beyond currently reported two electron transformations that formed the core backdrop of asymmetric catalytic site‐selective carbohydrate polyol functionalizations, we herein report a seminal demonstration of an enantioconvergent copper catalyzed site‐selective etherification of minimally protected saccharides through a single‐electron radical pathway. Further, this strategy paves a rare strategy, through which a carboxamide scaffold that is present in some glycomimetics of pharmacological relevance, can be selectively introduced. In light of the burgeoning interest in chiral radical catalysis, and the virtual absence of such stereocontrol broadly in carbohydrate synthesis, our strategy showcased the unknown capability of chiral radical copper catalysis as a contemporary tool to address the formidable site‐selectivity challenge on a remarkable palette of naturally occurring saccharides. When reducing sugars were employed, a further dynamic kinetic resolution type glycosylation can be activated by the catalytic system to selectively generate the challenging β‐O‐glycosides.
A kinetics study on continuous dehydrogenation of dodecahydro‐N‐ethylcarbazole
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Pei‐ya , Lu Shu‐han , Wang Bin , Yang Fusheng , Fang Tao
Published: August 2024

Liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) technology has unique advantages in hydrogen storage and transportation. However, the lack of research on the continuous dehydrogenation process of LOHCs has hindered the design and application of industrial dehydrogenation processes. In this work, a highly active dehydrogenation catalyst 1.5 wt% Pd/activated carbon (Pd/C) and a commercial catalyst 5 wt% Pd/Al2O3 were used for the continuous dehydrogenation of dodecahydro‐N‐ethylcarbazole (12H‐NEC). Based on a tubular reactor and lab‐scale apparatus, 1.5 wt% Pd/C catalyst achieved a maximum dehydrogenation conversion of 98.3% and a maximum NEC selectivity of 95.3%, while dehydrogenation conversion and NEC selectivity with 5 wt% Pd/Al2O3 were 98.3% and 97.6%, respectively. It showed the equally excellent performance between Pd/C and Pd/Al2O3, and the former has less Pd loading than the latter, with the potential of reducing the production cost of the dehydrogenation catalyst. The dehydrogenation results also indicated the difference in catalytic performance between the two kinds of catalysts. The obtained kinetics data were analyzed, and the dynamics of continuous dehydrogenation were studied to provide fundamental information for dehydrogenation scale‐up.
Synthesis of novel acrylate emulsions and examination of their synergistic effects with nanocellulose on paper strengthening
Authors: Fei Guiqiang , Zhou Zikun , Yang Chenrong , Li Shi , Xie Pan
Published: August 2024

With the development of the “paper instead of plastic” trend, the investigation into high‐density, heavy‐weight paper has emerged as a point of interest in both academic and industrial realms. Regrettably, the paper‐strengthening agents that are commercially available fall short of meeting the strength specifications for such papers. To rectify this shortcoming, a water‐based acrylate paper‐strengthening agent (AA) was developed through radical emulsion polymerization. The most stable acrylate emulsion was obtained by amalgamating the anionic emulsifier allyloxyammonium oxymethyl sulfate nonylphenol ethoxy sulfate (DNS‐86) with the nonionic emulsifier nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP‐10) at a proportion of 1:0.6, with a dosage of 3%. Substituting the conventional strengthening agent (styrene‐butadiene latex) with the synthesized acrylate emulsion in wet‐end addition markedly improved the paper strength, registering a 54.8% increase to 29.4 MPa. The introduction of carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (C‐CNF) further bolstered the mechanical properties of the paper, achieving a tensile strength of 41.44 MPa and an elongation at a break of 3.55%. These results underscore the efficacy of acrylate as a paper‐strengthening agent and the crucial role of C‐CNF in enhancing the structural integrity of paper materials.
An in situ gel electrolyte for the facile preparation of high‐safety Li‐S battery
Authors: Shao Wen‐wen , Gao Tian‐kun , Hu Mei‐qi , Ni Yu‐ting , Fei Xiao‐ni , Liu Ming‐quan , Wang Zhou , Zhou Li‐ping , Jing Mao‐xiang
Published: August 2024

Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) battery shows promising development potential in secondary lithium‐ion batteries. However, the shuttle effect of polysulfides, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth, and safety hazards in conventional liquid electrolytes limit the popularity of Li‐S batteries in the future commercial market. In this work, a high‐performance gel electrolyte (GPE) was prepared in situ by initiating the ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) with aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate (Al(OTf)3) and using diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) as a plasticizer, which can effectively improve the interfacial compatibility between sulfur cathode and the electrolyte, as well as the stability of lithium anode. The electrochemical performance of the poly‐DOL (PDOL) GPE was optimized by adjusting the concentration ratio of the initiator. When the concentration of Al(OTf)3 is 4 mM, the PDOL GPE has a high ionic conductivity up to 3.81 × 10−4 S cm−1 and a lithium ion migration number of 0.57. The assembled quasi‐solid‐state Li‐S batteries shows an initial discharge specific capacity of 908.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with a capacity retention of 68% after 240 cycles, and its average Coulombic efficiency is maintained at 96.1%. This gel electrolyte design provides a feasible practical idea in quasi‐solid‐state Li‐S batteries.
Construction of CO2‐based thermoplastic elastomer via combining aliphatic polycarbonate and polyamide: A multiblock copolymer PPC‐mb‐PA6
Authors: Han Weikai , Pan Weibin , Liu Xianzhang , Xie Hongfeng , Jin Jie , Liang Jinling , Zhang Yufeng , Huang Guojia , Wu Jingshu , Lin Limiao , Xu Yonghang , Meng Yuezhong
Published: August 2024

A CO2‐based thermoplastic elastomer, poly(propylene carbonate)‐multiblock‐polyamide6 (PPC‐mb‐PA6) copolymer, was constructed through coupling amorphous/soft PPC blocks with crystalline/hard PA6 blocks. The PPC‐mb‐PA6 copolymers with different block length pairs were designed and synthesized, and then fully characterized by structural, thermal, and mechanical analysis. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation (HMBC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results confirm that the multiblock sequence structure of PPC‐mb‐PA6. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests show that all PPC‐mb‐PA6s possess melting points around 179–206°C. The thermal and mechanical analysis indicates improved service temperatures (T5% up to 270°C) and tensile strength ranging from 15.8 to 39.6 MPa with higher PA6 content. The dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrates excellent shape memory effect of PPC‐mb‐PA6 with thermal stimuli responsiveness derived from the micro phase separation between soft PPC and hard PA6 domains. And the characteristic strain fixity parameter (Rf) and deformation recovery rate (Rr) are 98% and 100%, respectively, which are comparable with other excellent shape memory polymers.
Incubation time, embryonic development and the vomeronasal organ of the Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis)
Authors: Rehorek S. J. , Smith T. D.
Published: August 2024

The effect of lengthened incubation periods on embryonic development, especially vestigial structures, is poorly understood. An example of which is the avesuchian vomeronasal organ (VNO), a nasal chemosensory organ found in many tetrapods but absent in adult avesuchians (crocodilians and birds) in whom it is presumed to be a transitory fetal structure. The Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) has an incubation period of their eggs of about 65 days. This incubation period is twice that of domestic fowl, wherein a putative VNO has been documented as an epithelial thickening. The purpose of this study is to document the development of a putative VNO in the albatross. Serial histological sections of nine albatross embryonic heads, across 6 stages (representing days 19 to 32: stages 31–39), were examined. A paired putative VNO was present as a short, tubular structure in the anterodorsal aspect on either side of the nasal septum from stage 32 onwards, getting steadily longer in later specimens. At the earliest stages, the epithelial walls of the tube resemble a neuroepithelium, but then becomes thinner and simpler in morphology. Based on our available age range, it is unclear whether it persists as a rudimentary structure (like that of the human) or if it is a transitory structure (like in chickens) in these mid embryonic stages. Though future studies must determine the fate of the Laysan albatross VNO (e.g., is it retained postnatally?), the role of incubation period length on embryonic development is a bigger question to be explored.
Hierarchical Bifunctional NiO Electrocatalyst: Highly Porous Structure Boosting the Water Splitting Activity
Authors: Sarkar Sunny , Ali Sk Afsar , Sarkar Soumita , Raihan Abu , Banerjee Soumalya , Patra Astam K.
Published: August 2024

The development of an efficient, low‐cost and earth‐abundant electrocatalyst for water splitting is crucial for the production of sustainable hydrogen energy. However their practical applications are largely restricted by their limited synthesis methods, large overpotential and low surface area. Hierarchical materials with a highly porous three‐dimensional nanostructure have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional electrocatalytic properties. These hierarchical porous frameworks enable the fast electron transfer, rapid mass transport, and high density of unsaturated metal sites and maximize product selectivity. Here the process involved obtaining monodispersed microrod‐shaped Ni(OH)2 through a hydrothermal reaction, followed by a heat treatment to convert it into hierarchical microrod‐shaped NiO materials. N2 sorption analysis revealed that the BET surface area increased from 9 to 89 m2/g as a result of the heat treatment. The hierarchical microrod‐shaped NiO materials demonstrated outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic water splitting capabilities, excelling in both HER and OER in basic solution. Overpotential of 347 mV is achieved at 10 mA/cm2 for OER activity, with a Tafel slope of 77 mV/dec. Similarly, overpotential of 488 mV is achieved at 10 mA/cm2 for HER activity, with a Tafel slope of 62 mV/dec.
Optimierung des Trittschallschutzes von Holzbalkendecken in Gründerzeithäusern – Teil 1: Problemstellung und Sanierungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Neusser Maximilian , Wegerer Paul
Published: August 2024

Die Gassner & Partner Baumanagement GmbH führte in Kooperation mit der TU Wien eine umfangreiche Untersuchung zur Optimierung des Trittschallschutzes bei der Sanierung von Gründerzeithäusern durch. Auch wenn Sanierungen bislang keinen bestimmten Trittschallanforderungen unterliegen, werden von Bewohnerinnen und Bewohnern oftmals hausinterne Geräusche als störend beschrieben. Im Zuge der Forschungsarbeit wurden verschiedene Parameter wie Estrichdicke, Trittschalldämmung, Schüttung und abgehängte Unterdecke variiert, um die Auswirkungen auf den Trittschallschutz zu analysieren. Das Ziel war, die Deckenaufbauten anhand der Klassifizierungsnorm ÖNORM B 8115‐5 zu beurteilen und auf Basis der Neubauanforderungen zu sanieren. Bereits die Bestandsanalyse an drei unterschiedlichen Objekten zeigte, dass bestehende Holztramdecken in Wiener Gründerzeithäusern einen durchaus passablen Trittschallschutz aufweisen. Die Variantenstudie belegt, dass die Ausführung der abgehängten Decke die größten Auswirkungen auf das Trittschallverbesserungsmaß hat. Bei der Beurteilung der Aufbauten ist der SpektrumanpassungswertCI,50‐2500für die Erreichung einer höheren Klassifizierung maßgeblich. Im Zuge der messtechnischen Begleitung mehrerer Sanierungsprojekte konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Sanierungsmaßnahmen objektübergreifend qualitativ reproduzierbar sind und die Neubauanforderungen auch bei Tramdeckensanierungen erreicht werden können.
P‐glycoprotein‐mediated herb–drug interaction evaluation between Tenacissoside G and paclitaxel
Authors: Hu Jiudong , Hu Yujie , Xu Lingyan , Chen Junjun , Shi Meizhi , Wu Wenhui , Yang Jiao , Han Yonglong
Published: August 2024

P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)‐mediated herb–drug interactions (HDIs) may impact drug efficacy and safety. Tenacissoside G (Tsd‐G), a major active component of Marsdenia tenacissima, exhibits anticancer activity. To analyze the effect of Tsd‐G on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel (PTX), researchers selected 30 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, randomized into a solvent control group, a verapamil positive control group, and 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg Tsd‐G groups. After seven consecutive days of intraperitoneal injection of verapamil or Tsd‐G, a single dose of 6 mg/kg PTX was injected intravenously. Plasma samples were collected at different time points, and proteins were precipitated using a methanol–acetonitrile solution. An ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed, with docetaxel as an internal standard, and quantified using positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. This analytical method's specificity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, and sample stability meet the requirements for biological sample determination. After Tsd‐G administration in rats, the mean residence time of PTX was significantly prolonged. And Tsd‐G can stably bind to P‐gp by forming hydrogen bonds and inhibiting the expression of P‐gp in rat liver. Although the metabolites of PTX were not detected in this study, the above results still indicate the existence of HDIs between Tsd‐G and PTX, and P‐gp may be the main target to mediate HDIs.
Is deep brain imaging on the brink of transformation with a bioluminescence molecule?
Authors: Xu Shumao , Manshaii Farid , Chen Jun
Published: August 2024

Cephalofurimazine (CFz), when paired with Antares luciferase, shows superior blood‐brain barrier permeability and enhanced imaging depth and clarity for deep brain imaging. This bioluminescence provides a less invasive method for real‐time monitoring of deep brain activity, with the potential to advance targeted therapies and deepen our understanding of brain functions. Further molecular engineering and localized delivery can reduce the potential toxicity of CFz and enhance its efficacy for clinical deep brain imaging.
Music therapy for depression: A narrative review
Authors: Wang Xiaoman , Huang Wei , Liu Shuibin , He Chunhua , Wu Heng , Cheng Lianglun , Deng Songqing
Published: August 2024

As living standards improve, mental and physical health have been gaining increasing attention. Presently, depression is one of the most severe mental health issues. Depression affects the quality of life of affected individuals because it lasts for a very long time and is generally difficult to cure. Currently, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are the two main approaches for treating depression. However, some principles and characteristics of pharmacotherapy remain unclear, and its side effects are significant and noticeable. In addition, ordinary psychotherapy requires the assistance of a qualified psychotherapist, which is usually hard to find and expensive. Both methods are burdensome to the patients, making it difficult for them to benefit. As an easy‐to‐obtain therapy, music therapy has been recommended by physicians as an auxiliary therapy for various diseases to regulate patients' emotions and help the primary treatment methods to obtain better therapeutic effects. This review investigates and summarizes recent articles on the pathogenesis of depression and the effects of music therapy on depression. Its results show that music therapy is effective and available. However, a systematic treatment plan has not yet been formulated due to the lack of samples and short follow‐up times. Future studies should include more samples and follow‐up patients after the treatment period to address the continuous effect and principle of music therapy.
Remote proctoring during structural heart procedures: Toward a widespread diffusion of knowledge using mixed reality
Authors: Ascione Guido , Rossini Giovanni , Schiavi Davide , Azzola Guicciardi Nicolò , Saccocci Matteo , Buzzatti Nicola , Godino Cosmo , Alfieri Ottavio , Agricola Eustachio , Maisano Francesco , Denti Paolo
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite its wide diffusion in surgical procedures, very few experiences are reported so far about the possible applications of remote proctoring (RP) in structural heart interventions.

Aims

Our aim was to demonstrate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of RP during transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair using a mixed reality‐based head‐mounted display (HMD).

Methods

Two users (a doctor and a proctor), wearing HMDs, were connected through a 5G network, allowing them to share audio and video signals. During the procedure, the proctor was located in a contiguous room, without any direct connection with the operator. The primary endpoint was noninferiority of HMD‐mediated interaction if compared with direct in‐person interaction. It was assessed using an operator−proctor interaction test based on six questions asked by the doctor to the proctor on six key procedural steps.

Results

Between September 2021 and April 2022, nine patients were enrolled in the study (15 clips delivered). The primary endpoint was reached in 9/15 clips implanted (60%). The first three failures were due to a chat software problem, and the others were linked with a 5G network malfunction. However, the HMD and its mixed reality tools were well tolerated by the operators, and no interference with the procedure was registered in any of the cases.

Conclusions

In our experience, RP during structural heart interventions is feasible and efficacious. Wearing the HMD is comfortable and does not affect safety and effectiveness of interventional procedures. However, especially if considering a wide geographic use of this tool, a stable internet connection is imperative.
Shark fin sign: A rare EKG finding in a patient with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy from influenza A infection
Authors: Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Jones Colton , Malin John , Mohan Nandakumar , Manzano Jose Martinez , Akuna Emmanuel , Amanullah Aman
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case demonstrated the rare “shark fin” ECG pattern, an ST‐segment elevation typically seen in acute myocardial infarction. We reported a case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy secondary to influenza A infection with multiple organ failure, showing the shark fin sign and resulting in in‐patient mortality and various complication.
Giant left main stem aneurysm in a patient with non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia: A case report
Authors: Erdem Saliha , Damlakhy Ahmad , Kanwar Amrit , Dayco John , Lieberman Randy
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

It is important to maintain a vigilant approach towards incidental, rare findings like coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) presenting with arrhythmia, particularly in patients with a history of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular risk factors. Diagnosis needs thorough evaluation. Tailoring management strategies to individual patient characteristics is crucial for optimizing outcomes.
Diverse Catalytic Applications of Phosphine Oxide‐Based Metal Complexes
Authors: Vijai Anand A. S. , Perinbanathan S. , Singh Indresh , Panicker Rakesh R , Boominathan T. , Gokul A. S. , Sivaramakrishna Akella
Published: August 2024

Phosphine oxides are an interesting class of compounds possessing tetracoordinate and pentavalent phosphorus atoms and have been employed in a wide range of applications including reagents in organic synthesis, metal extractants, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, and bioactivity studies. Among all, the degree of basicity of phosphoryl oxygen driven by the nature of substituents influences the electronic properties of the central metal in a complex toward the diversified catalytic processes. Further, the presence of heteroatoms adjacent to the central phosphorus atom enhances the nucleophilicity of the phosphoryl oxygen atom. In view of this, the present review covers the past two decades of remarkable catalytic versatility of P=O‐based metal complexes and describes the governing factors influencing the structural properties and the resultant coordination behavior. Interestingly, some of the P=O bond distances of metal complexes are either longer or shorter compared to their free ligands, indicating the catalytic activity. These complexes can effectively catalyze a wide range of chemical reactions including polymerizations, C−C and Si−C bond activations, oxidation, reduction, hydroformylation, hydrophosphination, hydrogenation and cyclization reactions. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the impact of substituents, solvents, additives, light, and temperature on the catalytic efficiency.
Reversibility in Structural Dynamics on Pt−Ni Bimetallic Nanocrystals under Redox Conditions
Authors: Song Yejin , Kim Taek‐Seung , Kim Daeho , Han Jaebeom , Lee Han‐Koo , Park Jeong Young
Published: August 2024

The reversibility of structural change in a bimetallic catalyst during the chemical reaction is an essential factor to determine the catalytic stability. Herein, we investigate the surface modulation of three Pt−Ni bimetallic alloy nanoparticle compositions (Pt3Ni1, Pt1Ni1, and Pt1Ni3) under alternating redox cycles. We validate trends in the structural change of the three compositions of Pt−Ni nanoparticles via spectroscopic/microscopic investigations at bulk and atomic levels. Pt‐rich Pt−Ni nanoparticles exhibited higher reversibility in structural change during the repeated redox cycles. On the contrary, Ni‐rich Pt−Ni nanoparticles showed irreversible structural changes, leading to the segregation and separation of Ni species from the alloy, which could deactivate the catalysts. This work demonstrates the reversibility of structural dynamics in alloy catalysts depending on their composition, providing fundamental insights for developing ideal bimetallic catalysts.
Psychological Interventions for PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety in Child, Adolescent and Adult Forced Migrants: A Systematic Review and Frequentist and Bayesian Meta‐Analyses
Authors: Molendijk Marc , Baart Charlotte , Schaffeld Jan , Akçakaya Zeynep , Rönnau Charlotte , Kooistra Marike , de Kleine Rianne , Strater Celina , Mooshammer Louise
Published: August 2024

Objective

The number of forced migrants has been rising for years. Many forced migrants suffer from post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or anxiety and need treatment. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions (CBT, EMDR, expressive/art, mindfulness, mixed elements, NET and psychoeducation) in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in forced migrants.

Design and Data Sources

Systematic searches in PubMed and Web of Science and searches of preprint servers and grey literature were performed (final search date: 1 September 2023). Random‐effects frequentist and Bayesian meta‐analyses were used for data synthesis.

Results

We included 84 studies on treatment effects in adults (pooled N = 6302) and 32 on children and adolescents (pooled N = 1097). Our data show a reduction in symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms in both adults and child/adolescent forced migrants. Pooled pre‐ to post‐treatment effects (effect size Cohen's d) ranged from −1.03 to −0.26 for PTSD, from −0.91 to −0.11 for depression and from −0.91 to −0.60 for anxiety, without there being differences in outcome per study design (i.e., RCT comparison vs. non‐RCT comparison vs. single arm treatment study). Treatment effects remained evident over follow‐up, and not a single type of treatment stood out as being superior to other treatment types. Structural differences in populations (e.g., regarding country of origin) over studies, however, could have hampered the validity of the comparisons between study characteristics such as treatment type.

Conclusion

Our findings support the effectiveness of psychological treatment in adult and child/adolescent forced migrants.
Jump resonance in the driven Chua's circuit to design frequency selective devices
Authors: Buscarino Arturo , Famoso Carlo , Fortuna Luigi
Published: August 2024

The onset of jump resonance in the driven Chua's circuit is deeply described in this paper, further confirming the role of Chua's circuit in nonlinear circuits and systems theory. The study of the conditions under which this peculiar behavior occurs is based on the possibility of obtaining a Lur'e representation of the driven Chua's circuit and applying the describing function approach. Design considerations to select the Chua's circuit parameters in order to shape the jump resonance features are given, providing the nonlinear core for highly selective frequency drift sensors.
Liver regeneration after injury: Mechanisms, cellular interactions and therapeutic innovations
Authors: Liu Qi , Wang Senyan , Fu Jing , Chen Yao , Xu Jing , Wei Wenjuan , Song Hao , Zhao Xiaofang , Wang Hongyang
Published: August 2024

The liver possesses a distinctive capacity for regeneration within the human body. Under normal circumstances, liver cells replicate themselves to maintain liver function. Compensatory replication of healthy hepatocytes is sufficient for the regeneration after acute liver injuries. In the late stage of chronic liver damage, a large number of hepatocytes die and hepatocyte replication is blocked. Liver regeneration has more complex mechanisms, such as the transdifferentiation between cell types or hepatic progenitor cells mediated. Dysregulation of liver regeneration causes severe chronic liver disease. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of liver regeneration mechanisms would facilitate the advancement of efficient therapeutic approaches. This review provides an overview of the signalling pathways linked to different aspects of liver regeneration in various liver diseases. Moreover, new knowledge on cellular interactions during the regenerative process is also presented. Finally, this paper explores the potential applications of new technologies, such as nanotechnology, stem cell transplantation and organoids, in liver regeneration after injury, offering fresh perspectives on treating liver disease.
High‐throughput screen to identify and optimize NOT gate receptors for cell therapy
Authors: Martire S. , Wang X. , McElvain M. , Suryawanshi V. , Gill T. , DiAndreth B. , Lee W. , Riley T. P. , Xu H. , Netirojjanakul C. , Kamb A.
Published: August 2024

Logic‐gated engineered cells are an emerging therapeutic modality that can take advantage of molecular profiles to focus medical interventions on specific tissues in the body. However, the increased complexity of these engineered systems may pose a challenge for prediction and optimization of their behavior. Here we describe the design and testing of a flow cytometry‐based screening system to rapidly select functional inhibitory receptors from a pooled library of candidate constructs. In proof‐of‐concept experiments, this approach identifies inhibitory receptors that can operate as NOT gates when paired with activating receptors. The method may be used to generate large datasets to train machine learning models to better predict and optimize the function of logic‐gated cell therapeutics.
Pitfalls in Cytological Diagnosis of Extra Adrenal Paraganglioma and Pheochromocytoma: Experience From a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Mukherjee Raktim , Dey Soumya , Khatun Farjana , Sk Firdous Wasim , Das Oindrila , Sarkar Debansu , Maiti Krishnendu , Chatterjee Uttara
Published: August 2024

Background

Pheochromocytoma and extra‐adrenal paragangliomas increasingly coming into light nowadays because of improved imaging techniques and biochemical investigations. There is sparse literature available regarding cytological findings of adrenal and extra‐adrenal paragangliomas.

Material and Methods

We studied 16 cytological specimens retrospectively over a period of 3 years, where subsequent histological diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma or paraganglioma was available.

Results

A total of 16 cytology specimens were studied. Nine patients had adrenal SOLs and seven patients had extra‐adrenal lesions. Age range was 12 to 60 years Majority of the cytology smears were cellular (87.5%). The smears were composed of small clusters as well as dispersed plasmacytoid cells with eccentric nuclei containing salt and pepper chromatin and moderate to abundant granular cytoplasm. Large cellular clusters mimicking the Zellballen pattern was present in one case. Anisonucleosis was mild to moderate, except in three cases where marked anisonucleosis posed diagnostic challenges. The background was hemorrhagic in all cases, however, two cases in addition had necroinflammatory background. All cases lacked mitotic activity and cytoplasm was delicate with indistinct cell borders. Bare oval nuclei were a frequent finding. Nuclear grooves or cytoplasmic vacuoles were absent. In 12 out of 16 cases, the initial cytological diagnosis correlated with final histological diagnosis, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 75%. Four misdiagnosed cases had some atypical cytological features like marked anisonucleosis, necroinflammatory background, and presence of prominent nucleoli.

Conclusion

Here we have highlighted some of the distinguishing cytological features that can help in cytological diagnosis of paragangliomas. Hemorrhagic background with plasmacytoid morphology, granular cytoplasm, naked nuclei, and absence of mitosis are useful clues.
Extra‐Adrenal Paraganglioma on Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Case Series
Authors: Atiq Aribah , Rafique Zubaria , Lone Ujyara Maryam , Bashir Azra , Khan Faria Waqar , Chughtai Akhtar Sohail
Published: August 2024

Paragangliomas (PGs) are rare tumors that most commonly occur in the head and neck region and along the sympathetic chain. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology is not commonly used for the diagnosis of PG due to the potential risk of hemorrhage and hypertensive crisis. As a result, limited studies describe the cytological features of PGs. In this case series, we will discuss the fine‐needle aspiration features of three cases of extra‐adrenal PGs. The cellular arrangement in smears was either singly scattered or loosely cohesive clusters. The cells were polygonal with pleomorphic nuclei, abundant granular cytoplasm, and bland chromatin. Cellblock showed two types of cells with focal acinar formation. Immunohistochemistry also confirmed the diagnosis. These results were also in keeping with radiological findings. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology, along with clinicoradiological findings, can help in making an accurate preoperative diagnosis of PG.
Emerging Adults Mirror Infants’ Emotions and Yawns
Authors: Leung Tiffany S. , Zeng Guangyu , Maylott Sarah E. , Malik Arushi , Zhang Shuo , McNamara Emily C. , Jakobsen Krisztina V. , Simpson Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2024

Infants’ nonverbal expressions—a broad smile or a sharp cry—are powerful at eliciting reactions. Although parents’ reactions to their own infants’ expressions are relatively well understood, here we studied whether adults more generally exhibit behavioral and physiological reactions to unfamiliar infants producing various expressions. We recruited U.S. emerging adults (N = 84) prior to parenthood, 18–25 years old, 68% women, ethnically (20% Hispanic/Latino) and racially (7% Asian, 13% Black, 1% Middle Eastern, 70% White, 8% multiracial) diverse. They observed four 80‐s audio–video clips of unfamiliar 2‐ to 6‐month‐olds crying, smiling, yawning, and sitting calmly (emotionally neutral control). Each compilation video depicted 9 different infants (36 clips total). We found adults mirrored behaviorally and physiologically: more positive facial expressions to infants smiling, and more negative facial expressions and pupil dilation—indicating increases in arousal—to infants crying. Adults also yawned more and had more pupil dilation when observing infants yawning. Together, these findings suggest that even nonparent emerging adults are highly sensitive to unfamiliar infants’ expressions, which they naturally “catch” (i.e., behaviorally and physiologically mirror), even without instructions. Such sensitivity may have—over the course of humans’ evolutionary history—been selected for, to facilitate adults’ processing of preverbal infants’ expressions to meet their needs.
Abiotic and biotic factors jointly influence the contact and environmental transmission of a generalist pathogen
Authors: Suh Daniel C. , Lance Stacey L. , Park Andrew W.
Published: August 2024

The joint influence of abiotic and biotic factors is important for understanding the transmission of generalist pathogens. Abiotic factors such as temperature can directly influence pathogen persistence in the environment and will also affect biotic factors, such as host community composition and abundance. At intermediate spatial scales, the effects of temperature, community composition, and host abundance are expected to contribute to generalist pathogen transmission. We use a simple transmission model to explain and predict how host community composition, host abundance, and environmental pathogen persistence times can independently and jointly influence transmission. Our transmission model clarifies how abiotic and biotic factors can synergistically support the transmission of a pathogen. The empirical data show that high community competence, high abundance, and low temperatures correlate with high levels of transmission of ranavirus in larval amphibian communities. Discrete wetlands inhabited by larval amphibians in the presence of ranavirus provide a compelling case study comprising distinct host communities at a spatial scale anticipated to demonstrate abiotic and biotic influence on transmission. We use these host communities to observe phenomena demonstrated in our theoretical model. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both abiotic and biotic factors, and concomitant direct and indirect mechanisms, in the study of pathogen transmission and should extend to other generalist pathogens with the capacity for environmental transmission.
Camera collars reveal macronutrient balancing in free‐ranging male moose during summer
Authors: Spitzer Robert , Ericson Monica , Felton Annika M. , Heim Morten , Raubenheimer David , Solberg Erling J. , Wam Hilde K. , Rolandsen Christer M.
Published: August 2024

Understanding how the nutritional properties of food resources drive foraging choices is important for the management and conservation of wildlife populations. For moose (Alces alces), recent experimental and observational studies during the winter have shown macronutrient balancing between available protein (AP) and highly metabolizable macronutrients (total non‐structural carbohydrates [TNC] and lipids). Here, we combined the use of continuous‐recording camera collars with plant nutrient analyses and forage availability measurements to obtain a detailed insight into the food and nutritional choices of three wild moose in Norway over a 5‐day period in summer. We found that moose derived their macronutrient energy primarily from carbohydrates (74.2%), followed by protein (13.1%), and lipids (12.7%). Diets were dominated by deciduous tree browse (71%). Willows (Salixspp.) were selected for and constituted 51% of the average diet. Moose consumed 25 different food items during the study period of which 9 comprised 95% of the diet. Moose tightly regulated their intake of protein to highly metabolizable macronutrients (AP:TNC + lipids) to a ratio of 1:2.7 (0.37 ± 0.002SD). They did this by feeding on foods that most closely matched the target macronutrient ratio such asSalixspp., or by combining nutritionally imbalanced foods (complementary feeding) in a non‐random manner that minimized deviations from the intake target. The observed patterns of macronutrient balancing aligned well with the findings of winter studies. Differential feeding on nutritionally balanced downy birch (Betula pubescens) leaves versus imbalanced twigs+leaves across moose individuals indicated that macronutrient balancing may occur on as fine a scale as foraging bites on a single plant species. Utilized forages generally met the suggested requirement thresholds for the minerals calcium, phosphorus, copper, molybdenum, and magnesium but tended to be low in sodium. Our findings offer new insights into the foraging behavior of a model species in ungulate nutritional ecology and contribute to informed decision‐making in wildlife and forest management.
Landscape functioning in reservoir water quality prediction: Current use and predictive capacity
Authors: Portela Ana Paula , Gonçalves João , Cardoso Ana Sofia , Vaz Ana Sofia , de Lima Lucas Terres , Pinto Ivo , Rodrigues Sara , Antunes Sara C. , Honrado João
Published: August 2024

Reservoirs fulfil several societal needs, including water storage, energy production, flood control and recreation. However, the interruption of the river continuum may cause water quality declines that compromise water use. The surrounding landscape is a key driver of water quality variation in space and time, both across and within catchments. Therefore, understanding how landscape composition, structure and functioning influence reservoir water quality can help address management challenges. Here, we aim to investigate the current use and predictive capacity of landscape functioning indicators for reservoir water quality prediction. First, we carried out a literature review to investigate which landscape factors are most frequently studied as drivers of water quality in lentic systems. Then, we tested the predictive capacity of landscape functioning indicators in four reservoirs in Portugal using linear mixed models and multi‐model inference. The literature review shows that most studies assess the effects of landscape composition while landscape functioning is rarely included. Our test using four reservoirs suggests that landscape functioning indicators, namely greenness and brightness, can complement landscape composition and structure indicators, improving the capacity to predict total suspended solids, chlorophyll‐a, and total phosphorous. Landscape functioning indicators portrayed temporal variability in ecosystem dynamics that was not encompassed by landscape composition or structure indicators and may be relevant to predict specific water quality parameters. Our results show landscape functioning indicators can improve modelling of landscape contributions to water quality and thus have great potential to contribute to monitoring, modelling and forecast systems for water quality and ecological status.
Dry Electrode Processing for Free‐Standing Supercapacitor Electrodes with Longer Life, Higher Volumetric Outputs, and Reduced Environmental Impact
Authors: Pameté Emmanuel , Ruthes Jean G. A. , Hermesdorf Marius , Seltmann Anna , Tarimo Delvina J. , Leistenschneider Desirée , Presser Volker
Published: August 2024

Supercapacitors are efficient and versatile energy storage devices, offering remarkable power density, fast charge/discharge rates, and exceptional cycle life. As research continues to push the boundaries of their performance, electrode fabrication techniques are critical aspects influencing the overall capabilities of supercapacitors. Herein, we aim to shed light on the advantages offered by dry electrode processing for advanced supercapacitors. Notably, our study explores the performance of these electrodes in three different types of electrolytes: organic, ionic liquids, and quasi‐solid states. By examining the impact of dry electrode processing on various electrode and electrolyte systems, we show valuable insights into the versatility and efficacy of this technique. The supercapacitors employing dry electrodes demonstrated significant improvements compared with conventional wet electrodes, with a lifespan extension of +45% in organic, +192% in ionic liquids, and +84% in quasi‐solid electrolytes. Moreover, the increased electrode densities achievable through the dry approach directly translate to improved volumetric outputs, enhancing energy storage capacities within compact form factors. Notably, dry electrode‐prepared supercapacitors outperformed their wet electrode counterparts, exhibiting a higher energy density of 6.1 Wh cm−3 compared with 4.7 Wh cm−3 at a high power density of 195 W cm−3, marking a substantial 28% energy improvement in the quasi‐solid electrolyte.
Reactivity of the p‐Cymene‐Ruthenium Complex with Two Phenylamines for Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene Compared to the Reactivity of Complexes with a Single Benzylamine or Dibenzylamine
Authors: A. Silva Eliada , Santiago Pedro H. O. , Ellena Javier A. , Oliveira‐Filho Antônio G. S. , de Lima Batista Ana Paula , Lima‐Neto Benedito S.
Published: August 2024

The complexes [RuCl(Cy)(NH2Ph)2]Cl (1), [RuCl2(Cy)(NH2Bz)] (2), and [RuCl2(Cy)(NHBz2)] (3) were synthesized under identical conditions from [RuCl2(Cy)]2, where Cy=η6‐p‐cymene, Ph=phenyl, and Bz=benzyl. X‐ray crystallography revealed an additional NH2Ph ligand in 1, distinguishing it from the neutral mono‐amine complexes 2 and 3. The number of amines in these complexes did not correlate clearly with the σ‐donor character or steric hindrance of the amines. Different reactivities were observed for the ROMP of norbornene (NBE), as measured by batch reactions and kinetic studies using Raman and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Semiquantitative conversions reached up to 90 % with complex 1 and around 40 % with complexes 2 and 3. DFT calculations supported the hypothesis that the reaction for complex 1 involves the release of an amine through a dissociative mechanism, whereas complexes 2 and 3 react through an associative mechanism involving amine loss. The presence of an amine in the propagation species of complex 1 suggests the participation of the amine as an ancillary ligand. All carbene species are of the η2‐p‐cymene type, and the catalytic cycle follows a 14–16‐14 electron counting mechanism.