bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Komunikasi dan Kemampuan Sumber Daya Manusia terhadap Efektivitas Kerja Pegawai
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Murni Yanti , Putri Maharani , Afrianti Rini
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to realize Quality and Accountability of Government Services in the District. The data source used in this research is primary data. This research was conducted at the South Pariaman District Head Office, Pariaman City, located on Jl. Zaini No.1, Balai Kurai Taji, Pariaman Sel., Pariaman City, West Sumatra 25536, Indonesia. The research will be carried out in June 2022 until completion. Based on the research results, it was concluded that communication had a significant effect on employee work effectiveness at the South Pariaman District Head Office, Pariaman City with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05; Human Resource Capabilities have a significant effect on Employee Work Effectiveness at the South Pariaman Subdistrict Office, Pariaman City with a significance level of 0.001 < 0.05; and Communication and Human Resource Capabilities have a significant effect on Employee Work Effectiveness at the South Pariaman Subdistrict Office, Pariaman City with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05;. The R Square value was obtained at 0.984, this means 98.4%, which means that the ability of the Communication (X1) and Human Resources Ability (X2) variables in explaining the Work Effectiveness variable (Y) is 98.4%. Meanwhile, the remainder (100% - 98.4%= 1.6%) is explained by other variables outside of this research variable.
Analisis Usaha Tanaman Sayuran secara Hidroponik di Panti Asuhan Lksa Nurul Haq Madania Yogyakarta
Authors: Mahagiyani Mahagiyani
Published: January 2024

Tanaman hidroponik adalah sebuah metode tanam menanam yang tidak menggunakan tanah sebagai media utamanya, namun medianya digantikan oleh media air yang diperkaya dengan nutrisi-nutrisi. Bahkan masa-masa ini tanaman hidroponik mampu menjadi salah satu bisnis yang cukup menjanjikan. Penanaman di Asuhan/LKSA Nurul Haq Madania menggunakan cara hidroponik dibandingkan dengan cara konvensional. Dimana cara ini dapat mengefisiensi lahan yang terbatas, tidak memerlukan tanah dalam jumlah banyak, serta lebih mudah mengendalikan hama dan penyakit pada tanaman. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberi pemahaman pengetahuan menganalisis usaha budidaya tanaman sayuran secara hidroponik di Asuhan/LKSA Nurul Haq Madania secara akuntansi. Metode penyuluhan yang digunakan adalah ceramah dan diskusi , dan latihan analisis usaha budidaya komoditi hidroponik di Asuhan/LKSA Nurul Haq Madania. Hasil dari kegitan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah permintaan pasar untuk sayur dan buah meningkat, modal usaha tidak terlalu tinggi dapat menghasilkan keuntungan yang lebih. Dengan adanya penyuluhan dan praktek pengelolaan keuangan, warga panti asuhan khususnya para pelaku menjadi lebih paham mengenai strategi dan dapat lebih mengembangkan usaha juga dilakukan dengan tepat dan berkelanjutan.
Analisis Potensi dan Tantangan Pengembangan UMKM Angkringan sebagai Komponen Ekonomi Kreatif di Kecamatan Kemantren, Yogyakarta
Authors: Anisah Tiara Nur
Published: January 2024

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan salah satu bentuk kegiatan ekonomi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dalam upaya mencapai sumber penghasilan tambahan. Dalam konteks ini, UMKM angkringan mencerminkan sektor bisnis yang aktif dalam industri kuliner, namun beroperasi secara informal. Usaha jenis ini memiliki popularitas yang signifikan di kalangan penduduk Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta, dan menarik minat banyak individu sebagai salah satu sumber potensial untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi mereka. Meskipun demikian, UMKM angkringan dihadapkan pada sejumlah tantangan yang seringkali memengaruhi kelangsungan operasional bisnis. Salah satu masalah yang sering muncul adalah fluktuasi tingkat kunjungan pelanggan, yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan pendapatan dan stabilitas usaha. Selain itu, kekurangan fasilitas yang memadai untuk pelanggan juga menjadi kendala serius dalam upaya mempertahankan pangsa pasar dan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam upaya meningkatkan kinerja UMKM angkringan di wilayah Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta. Dengan melakukan analisis mendalam dan menyajikan solusi yang sesuai, artikel ini diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan bagi para pemilik UMKM angkringan dalam mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapi, memperkuat posisi pasar, serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Dengan demikian, peningkatan signifikan dalam aspek-aspek operasional dan pemasaran dapat menjadi kunci keberhasilan UMKM angkringan di masa depan.
Conflicts and Treaty over the Nile Basin. A Critical Review
Authors: Alemayehu Asabeneh
Published: January 2024

The Nile, which flows through ten river basin nations, is the most crucial water channel in Africa's north-western region. The river receives its water from two key rivers: the White Nile in Burundi and the Blue Nile in Ethiopia. The Atbara River, which commences in Sudan and runs north of Khartoum, connects the two rivers. The Nile River is the foundation of life and conflict. Conflicts between riparian countries that rely upon this common freshwater source have grown as a result of the river's deterioration and problems with water scarcity in the basin. The bilateral agreement that governs the allocation of water among the nations allocates the majority of the Nile river's flow to Egypt, which is the downstream country, and the remaining portion to Sudan, leaving the other nations that make up the Nile catchment deprived of determined shares. Although there is a chance for conflict amongst Nile riparians, current attempts to forge an all-encompassing regional agreement to control the river's use encourage riparians to work together rather than compete for water in the future. The Nile River would not have caused conflict amongst its riparian countries if it had been apportioned evenly. For millennia, the Nile's countries that border it have worked cooperatively to overcome problems throughout the basin in order to utilize the resource for the benefit of future generations. Various forms of international technological cooperation have been signed to halt conflicts and bring sustainable management to the Nile basin. This review addresses the conflicts and treaties in the Nile Basin between the Nile riparian countries. It also describes international collaboration, emphasizing the latest Nile Basin Initiative as an example of successful multilateral cooperation that could avert future conflicts over the Nile
Knowledge Management Practices and Job Satisfaction at DFCU Bank in Uganda
Authors: Barigayomwe Rogers , Asiimwe Daphine
Published: January 2024

This study examines the relationship between knowledge management practices and Job Satisfaction at DFCU Bank in Uganda. The study is based on the firm's knowledge-based theory, which states that knowledge is a critical resource for organizations and that effective knowledge management can improve organizational performance. 150 employees from DFCU Bank were surveyed to gather data on knowledge management practices and employee performance levels. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive relationship between knowledge management practices and employee performance. Specifically, employees who reported higher levels of knowledge management practices also reported higher levels of employee performance.The study also identified the knowledge management practices that were most effective in improving Job Satisfaction at DFCU Bank. These practices include knowledge sharing, training and development, and communication.The findings of this study have important implications for organizations looking to improve employee performance. By implementing effective knowledge management practices, organizations can enhance employee performance, leading to improved organizational performance
Strategic Human Resource Planning and Service Delivery in County Governments in Kenya
Authors: Roba Boru Hussein , Wachira Anita , Mwenda Lilian
Published: January 2024

Strategic human resource management in public sector organizations enables governance arrangements that promote efficient service delivery. However, service delivery in county governments in Kenya gets stymied by both human resource and funding constraints. Due to contextual gaps in the strategic human resource management practises in county governments in Kenya, the study evaluated the role played by strategic human resource planning on service delivery in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive design and systematically examined the HRM practises by sampling 140 respondents (47 county secretaries, 47 county directors of HRM and 46 municipality managers from municipalities based at the county headquarters of 46 counties) through interviews and questionnaires. The respondents were selected based on their operational and functional human resource management roles in various units in the 47 counties. The research instrument was validated through a review by a panel of supervisors and a pilot testing exercise. The qualitative reports indicated that the county governments can attract qualified and competent persons with critical skill sets to match the various job descriptions and optimally sustain service provisions at the county level. The correlation analysis indicated that service delivery positively correlated with strategic HR planning practises (r = 0.6510, p< 0.05) at 0.05 significance levels, while the regression analysis indicated that strategic HR planning practises explains about 41.61 % variance in service delivery with an effect size (β1 = 0.6451 (t = 8.97, p< 0.05). Based on the findings, the study concludes that strategic human resource planning practises hold a positive and significant potential impact on service delivery in county governments in Kenya. The study recommends proactive planning and proper structuring of the county workforce based on knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics
High Efficacy of Pingxiao Capsule Combines with Docetaxel and Cisplatin Induction Chemotherapy on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Mice
Authors: Zhao Caijun , Han Xinguang , Bao Chongyun
Published: January 2024

This study explored the effect of docetaxel and cisplatin on oral squamous cell carcinoma and its modulation by the traditional Chinese medicine Pingxiao capsule. To this end, CAL27 cells were injected subcutaneously into the right axilla of the nude mice to produce solid tumors. The tumor-bearing mice were treated with docetaxel, cisplatin, Pingxiao capsule, cisplatin + docetaxel, cisplatin + Pingxiao capsule, docetaxel + Pingxiao capsule, or cisplatin + docetaxel + Pingxiao capsule, and the treatment outcomes were compared with control. The outcome measures included tumor size, mouse body weight, and tumor histopathology. The results revealed that a single dose of docetaxel, cisplatin, and Pingxiao capsules was effective in suppressing mice tumor volume and body weight, enhancing apoptotic index, and reducing proliferation index. However, the use of a combination of drugs had better effects than the use of any single drug. To conclude, the combination of docetaxel, cisplatin, and Pingxiao capsule has high efficacy in repressing tumor growth by repressing tumor cell proliferation and facilitating tumor cell apoptosis.
Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation for Predicting Active Ingredients and their Potential Targets from Strychnos nux-nomica L. in Treating Multiple Myeloma*
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zeng Hui , Yan Minchao , Jin Keting , Wu Haibing , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhang Gang , Shen Jianping , Deng Shu
Published: January 2024

While Strychnos nux-vomica L. has long been used for the treatment of cancer, its pharmacological mechanism remains vague. Herein, we have used network pharmacology to predict active ingredients and potential targets of Strychnos nux-vomica L. in treating multiple myeloma. The results showed that 60 known targets of the Strychnos nux-vomica L. were also targets for multiple myeloma, including 14 of these putative targets were observed to be major hubs in terms of topological importance. Additionally, the results of pathway enrichment analysis indicated that targets of Strychnos nux-vomica L. in treating multiple myeloma were mainly clustered into multiple biological processes that activate several signaling pathways that include the PI3K-Akt, p38-MAPK, Ras/Raf, MEK, and ERK pathways. This implies that these were also involved in the underlying mechanisms of Strychnos nux-vomica L. on multiple myeloma. These data successfully explain the potential effects of Strychnos nux-vomica L. for multiple myeloma treatment via the molecular mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology. Moreover, our present data might shed light on the further clinical application of Strychnos nux-vomica L. in treating multiple myeloma.
WORKSHOP ON THE USE OF THE MOLVIEW APPLICATION IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION AT SMA NEGERI 5 PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Ruli Meiliawati  , Suandi Sidauruk  , Agtri Wulandari
Published: January 2024

The purpose of implementing the Workshop on the Use of the MolView Application in Chemistry Education at SMA Negeri 5 Palangka Raya is to enable partner teachers (chemistry subject teachers) to facilitate students in visualizing molecular structures using the MolView application. The benefits of this activity include increasing insights and providing skills in developing teaching modules assisted by the MolView application in chemistry education. The stages of the workshop include 1) preparation stages, including field surveys, planning, administrative preparation, and providing support facilities; 2) training stages, including confirming attendance, Phase I training, Phase II training; 3) mentoring stages, including evaluation and participant support. The results of this activity can be reviewed based on participant satisfaction. This is evident from the questionnaire results filled out by the participants. In the workshop material aspect, the average score is 93.33%. The Team workshop aspect has an average score of 96.00%, the atmosphere aspect has an average score of 96.00%, and the media usage aspect has an average score of 93.78%. Furthermore, the overall satisfaction level of the workshop averages 94.78% with a "Very Satisfied" category. Therefore, it can be concluded that this training is highly significant and beneficial, and it is expected to continue for the benefit of other teachers in the future.
DEVELOPMENT OF SMARTPHONE-BASED INTERACTIVE E-BOOK MULTIMEDIA FOR LEARNING TECHNICAL DRAWING IN VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS
Authors: Tuah  , Danar Ariangga Windra Gautama  , Mega Kurniawatie
Published: January 2024

This study aims to develop a Smartphone-Based Iteractive Multimedia e-Book of the draw lines learning and provide an alternative instructional media that can be used by students. This study is categorized as research and development Borg & Gall model. The assessment results were obtained through the responses of 50 grade X vocational school students to interactive multimedia e-Books by conducting product usability tests, that have reached criteria “very good”. The results of this research was a product in the form of a smartphone-based interactive multimedia e-Books of the draw lines learning. E-Books also has an impact on student understanding that shown by the value of Gain with category “medium”. Therefore, e-Books can be used as an alternative instriuctional media that is feasible for students and teachers.
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESSED HARUAN FISH FOR HOUSEWIVES IN TUMBANG RUNGAN VILLAGE PALANGKA RAYA CITY
Authors: Yesninopy  , Saifulloh Darlan  , Wahidin  , Kusnida Indrajaya  , Hendrowanto Nibel  , Susan Daniel  , Endah Yusma Pratiwi  , Ade Yusuf Ferudyn  , Mardiana  , Dinda
Published: January 2024

The objectives of community empowerment can be formulated as follows: 1). Providing Skills Training on processing Haruan Fish into Prozenfood Products (Nuggets, Dim Sum, and Pentol) Haruan Fish for housewives in Tumbang Rungan Village. 2) Providing Information about the Benefits Haruan Fish for Health for mothers in Tumbang Rungan Village. The community empowerment implementation methods used are lectures, demonstrations, practice, and questions and answers which are used to provide skills training in processing Haruan fish into Nuget, Dim Sum and Pentol products as well as providing information about the benefits of Haruan fish for health. The results of Community Empowerment through fostering entrepreneurship in processing Haruan fish for housewives in the Tumbang Rungan sub-district, Palangkaraya City are mothers who gain new knowledge and skills related to the use of Haruan fish (previously, during the dry season the fish was abundant, the fish were only sold, made into salted fish, and discarded as fish food). Get information about the nutrition of Haruan fish for children's health in dealing with stunting. The hope is to help marketers, for example in bazaar activities, WhatsApp and Instagram promotions, as well as making permits for processed Haruan fish products.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING WORK READINESS BASED ON STUDENT PERCEPTION USING PARETO ANALYSIS
Authors: Hermas Gunawan  , Wiyogo
Published: January 2024

The analysis of students' perceptions of job readiness was conducted using the Pareto analysis method. The results showed that interpersonal skills were the main factor that most influenced students' perceptions of job readiness, with a frequency of 40%. Hard skills had a frequency of 37%, while soft skills had a frequency of 23%. Interpersonal skills are necessary for building good relationships between employees and superiors, colleagues, and customers. Hard skills determine whether employees have the technical skills required in their field of work, while soft skills are essential in problem-solving and making the right decisions in the workplace. Therefore, students need to improve their interpersonal skills by training skills such as communication, leadership, collaboration, and empathy. Hard skills can be improved by increasing technical knowledge and direct practice in the desired field of work. Soft skills can be honed through exercises in creativity, innovation, data analysis, and conflict resolution. Students also need to understand the importance of having a balanced set of interpersonal, hard, and soft skills to prepare themselves well for the job market. They should take advantage of opportunities to participate in extracurricular activities, internships, or relevant training and certification courses. By improving their interpersonal, hard, and soft skills, students will be able to strengthen their perception of job readiness and increase their chances of getting good jobs and succeeding in the future. Furthermore, companies can obtain more qualified and productive employees, helping them to achieve their business goals more effectively.Keywords: Student Perceptions, Job Readiness, Interpersonal Skills, Hard Skills, Soft Skills, Pareto, Gaps
STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRACTICAL FIELD EXPERIENCE (PPL 2) AT SMK NEGERI 1 PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Trissan Ardi Hosea , Trissan Whendy , Petrisly Perkasa  , Ni Putu Diah Agustin Permanasuri
Published: January 2024

PPL2 (Field Experience Practitioner) is a mandatory program that students at FKIP UPR must complete in orderto obtain some of the requirements to complete a bachelor's degree in higher education. This research wasconducted to find out the Perceptions of Students on the Implementation of Field Experience Practices (PPL 2) at SMK Negeri 1 Palangka Raya. This research is a correlational study (survey). The survey method is used toobtain data from certain natural (not artificial) places, but research does treatment in data collection, forexample by distributing questionnaires, tests, structured interviews and so on (non-experimental treatment).The population and samples taken were randomly 30 student respondents at SMK Negeri 1 Palangka Raya City.This study uses the validity test of the Product Moment correlation technique, which is to correlate the itemscores with the total score. Then, the data were analyzed using Pareto analysis in the form of a Pareto chart.Pareto diagrams in this study can show priority deviations and focus attention on the main issues that must beaddressed in efforts to improve. The result showed that students at SMK Negeri 1 Palangka Raya had a goodperception of the performance of UPR Teacher Training and Education Faculty students in carrying out FieldExperience Practice (PPL 2) as evidenced by the total answers of respondents on six indicators which includedpreparation of lesson plans, teaching processes, teaching skills, extracurriculars, relations with the school, andthe guidance process, namely students who have a good perception of 43.67%, quite good 23.56%, very good21.72%, not good 0.68%, and very not good at 0.57%
Evaluating the effects of botulinum toxins to minimize post cleft lip hypertrophic scar
Authors: A Jassim Haider
Published: January 2024

Abstract:

 

Background: Cleft lip deformity is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Repair of cleft lip may create too much tension especially when done in wide cleft lip, and this may result in unacceptable scar.

 

Aim of study: To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin in reducing or preventing post cheiloplasty hypertrophic scar.

 

Patient and method: Between the period from October 2019 to August 2021, 10 patients with cleft lip were subjected to primary cheiloplasty using Millard rotation advancement flap technique followed by botulinum toxin injection into the site of repair. Follow up period was 6 months postoperatively.

 

Results: All of our patients showed excellent result which was evaluated using visual analogue scale assessment which was done by tow independent surgeons. Our patients showed barely visible scar at 6 months postoperatively with no recorded hypertrophic scar. No side effect was recorded related to botulinum toxin injection.

 

Conclusion: Botulinum toxin injection after primary cheiloplsty showed to be safe and effective in prevention of development of unacceptable hypertrophic scar.

 

 

Keywards: botulinum, cleft lip, hypertrophic scar, cheiloplasty.
A Pleuropulmonary Blastoma: A Rare Malignant Lung Disease in Children
Authors: Farhan NAYEF
Published: January 2024

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is Avery uncommon, mesenchymal malignant tumor in chest cavity that occurs mostly in children before preschool age (less than 6year old) . while it is the most popular primary pleural and lung tumor in children and adolescent malignancy. PPB  has three macroscopically subtypes on a tumor have poor progression pathway start from cystic PPB (type I) to mixed cystic and solid (type II) and pure solid (type III). In the majority of PPB cases A gremlin mutation `need multimodal aggressive therapies including surgery and chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. the study perform in Basra oncology center during eight years between 2012 -2019 have six cases of PPB male to female 1:1 most of cases less five years of old. most of cases were poor prognosis type II / III (mixed / pure solid) three cases type II and other three cases are type III  and  inspite of forceful treated by multimodal of treatment involved surgical ,chemotherapy and radiotherapy have poor destiny and the death rate 33.3%.
Surface-modified Polyurethane Structures Used as a Carrier for Simvastatin for the Possible Treatment of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Hepatic Arterial Variations
Authors: Ghenciu (Bolintineanu) Laura Andreea , Bolintineanu Sorin Lucian , Borcan Florin , Zahoi Delia Elena
Published: January 2024

Simvastatin, a lipid-lowering drug from the statins group, is used in various dyslipidemias. It appears like a very useful medication to decrease the level of total cholesterol, of the low-density-lipids and triglycerides from blood, but it is well-known that the administration of statins have serious side effects, like muscle pain and weakness that can lead to kidney damage, rash on the skin and inflammation of the joints and of the blood vessels, shortness of breath, inflammation of the liver, dark urine, anemia, memory and sleep disorders, and problems in performing the sexual act. The main aims of this research were to obtain and to characterize a polymer carrier used for the transmembrane transfer of simvastatin. Hepatic arterial variations are common knowledge and it has been studied that these types of arteries have a narrower endoluminal diameter, therefore the patients may be prone to develop atherosclerosis more rapid that the ones with standard hepatic arterial patterns. The samples based on polyurethane structures with and respectively without the active agent were synthesized and characterized by measurements of pH, encapsulation efficacy, cumulative drug release in a simulated body fluid, scanning electron microscopy, Zetasizer measurements, thermal stability, cytotoxicity assay, and non-invasive skin irritation assessment. The results indicate the obtaining of heterogenous polyurethane structures with mean sizes between 80-440 nm and neutral pH, that have a good stability against the agglomeration tendency and a prolonged release rate. The results on structures cytotoxicity and their non-irritative potential are important clues that can be used in further clinical investigations.
Mechanical Properties of PMMA and PLA Modified Epoxy Resins
Authors: Miroznicenco Ana , Saracu Gabriel , Bria Vasile , Gorovei Mihaela-Claudia , Circiumaru Adrian
Published: January 2024

Last years research in polymers registered an increase of interest regarding polymer mixtures aiming to obtain materials with properties of the mixed polymers. In this respect many studies are pointing the mixtures between a thermoset polymer and a thermoplastic polymer. It is known the fact that thermoplastic polymers are much more malleable than the thermoset ones and the goal is to obtain a mixture with the general properties of the thermoset polymer and with a machining ability proper to the thermoset polymer. The vitrimers are this type of polymers and, some of them, can be obtained by mixing polymers form the two categories. This study is about using solutions of two thermoset polymers to modify the basic properties of three epoxy resins. The results show that the presence of PMMA, respectively, PLA inside the epoxy resin matrix determines changes of the mechanical properties of the formed materials. Without analysing the adhesive properties of new materials is hard to decide about their value from the composites applications point of view.
Long Couting Data Through Cuentitative Modal in Price Determination on a National
Authors: Basis Luval
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explain the principal role which is played by the Central Unit for planning and Public Enterprises in price determination on a na anal level basis. The modci used in thi. paper is a mathematical model suggest about fifteen years ago

This model is used uusacveral as sumptions. Some of these assumptions deal with the costing data available within the cconomic unit records, while other assumptions deal with some other data not available in the traditional accounting system. However, some of these assumptions could be eliminated through some more searching and inSolution

The suggested model could be empirically applied through some kind of

on using a Computer system
FINANCING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN LIDYA
Authors: Elhassia M
Published: January 2024

In his article we try to discover how Leer mic development is being financcd in Libyan economy following the tradi lonal classification of finance into inter.al and external finance.

Using a newly coastracted flow-c! Cand account the Libyan economy in 1517 Logether with information about the retudes of national income saving ud investment for the period 106 1010 WC lyve kuluded that:

As a result of the non-existence of de financial instruments and institutiens otser then commercial banks to gether with the tendency of these banks to keep a high percentage of their assets in a liquid form and the persistence of the public of keeping a high percentage of their money holdings in terms of currency, the lending-borrowing activity through financial Intermediation in the Libyan economy has become very limited and consequently the concept of external finance of cconomic develop ment, which in turn has resulted in a high dependence of economic development on internal finance instead.
سوق الإصدارات الاولية
Authors: عبد السلام د.علي عطية
Published: January 2024

Primary market is where newly issued securities take place. These Securities Such as shares as shares and bonds are instruments to finance newly established companies and to provide more capital for others. They make either a public offering or special offering of these securities .public offering allows prospective investors in general to buy the securities through certain designated channels . On the other, special offering takes place through investment banks, The underwriter could either buy the whole lot of shares and sells them on a piecemeal basis to investors for a profit, or it would sell such securities for a certain commission, the first arrangement would provide the company with immediate capital which would enable it to start working as soon as possible it is imperative for the issuing company to furnish the investors with the necessary and complete financial and administrative information required for the job, so that the investors could make the proper choice. Great care should be taken in evaluating newly issued securities so that a viable financial market could be established which will channel funds to investors and promote growth in the economy at large.
Government Size and Economic Growth: An Introductory Survey
Authors: Fayad Mohamed
Published: January 2024

تختبر اقتصاديات القطاع العام العلاقة بين النفقات العامة، وطريقة تمويلها، وسلوك مختلف القطاعات. وأن تأثير التدخل الحكومي في النمو الاقتصادي محل جدل ونقاش بين الاقتصاديين منذ أدم سميث. وفي هذا السياق توجد وجهتي نظر، الأولى تری آن توسع القطاع العام في النشاط الاقتصادي هو عائق للنمو الاقتصادي. ووجهة النظر الثانية، ترى انه عامل إيجابي في التأثير على النمو الاقتصادي. وقد بينت الدراسات التطبيقية للتأكد من مدى فعالية توسع القطاع العام في النشاط الاقتصادي نتائج متعارضة. 

ويوجد في الأدب الاقتصادي نموذجين للنفقات العامة. الأولى يمكن وصفها بالنماذج الكلية، والبيانات الخاصة بهذه النماذج بيانات لمتغيرات على المستوى الكلى، مثل البيانات الخاصة بالناتج المحلي الإجمالي، ومعدل التضخم وغيرها. والنماذج الثانية يمكن وصفها بالنماذج الجزئية، أو نماذج تطور قرار الاختيار العام. هذه النماذج تحاول استخدام أسس الاقتصاد الجزئي لتفسير عملية اتخاذ القرار التي تؤدي في النهاية إلى التوسع في الأنفاق العام.
Horizons of the Integration among ( SEN&SAD ) Group of the Countries
Authors: Al Farsi Dr.Essa  Hamad , Al-Majbri Dr.Fathi Abdel Hafeez
Published: January 2024

Economic integration may be considered as one of the most important conceptions of our time. The European, Latin American, Asian, African, are examples of that reality.

The ( SEN&SAD) countries aimed to attain several economic and non-economic objectives. One of the most important of these is to increase interregional trade and foster economic development.

In order to show the importance of this step toward economic integration, this paper has defined the aims and concepts of economic integration of the ( SEN&SDA) countries. The paper further explains the importance and necessary interaction between the ( SEN&SDA) countries and African Union. To achieve this, the paper has been organized as follows. Section one provides some theoretical background for the economic integration. In section tow, definition of the ( SEN&SDA) countries and its structural. Section three, characteristics of the ( SEN&SDA) countries. Final section provides some conclusions, which should be taken into consideration in economic integration.
الصناعة في ليبيا بين المتطلبات الادارية والدولية والادارة الاستراتيجية
Authors: المنصوري عبد الجليل أدم
Published: January 2024

قال بعض السلف الصالح من أمتنا كلمة حكيمة، يجب أن يعيها الناس ويلتزموا بموجبها ، وهي من كان يومه مثل أمسه فهو مغبون ، ومن كان يومه شرا من أمسه فهو ملعون . ومعنى هذا أن الإنسان ينبغي أن يجتهد دائما أن يكون يومه خيرا من أمسه ، وغده خيرا من يومه ، وأن يكون في حالة ترق مستمر ، الا في حال هبوط و انحطاط ، ولا في حال توقف وجمود . 

التخلف والتطوير مع إبراز سلبيات الإدارة الحالية، وكذلك العروج على مفهوم توسيع قاعدة الملكية، والخطوات اللازمة الدعم الصناعة المحلية، بالإضافة إلي تبيان أهمية وجود أمانة للصناعة ، وإبراز مفهوم الدولة والإدارة الإستراتيجية . كل ذلك بهدف تفهم حاضر الصناعة من ناحية، واقتراح الحلول للمشاكل التي قد تواجهها ، في ظل الدولة وما تلعبه من دور هام على مستوى الاقتصاد الوطني من ناحية أخرى .
البحث العلمي لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس في جامعة قاريونس ( الدوافع ، والصعوبات ، ومقترحات التطوير
Authors: الرقادي ميكائيل إدريس , الكاديكي أماني عبدالحفيظ
Published: January 2024

It is obvious that the scientific research is one of the significant activities. The university staff me mbers are concerned with this activity ; hence, the present study tackles this issue shedding light on research activities at the univ ersity level, the obstacles that the university professors face as they conduct researches and the sugg estions for develop-ping research.
Oil Price Changes and the Libyan Economy: Perceptions of Libyan Experts
Authors: Elsharif Idris Elsharif
Published: January 2024

The impact of oil price changes on the demand for (and the supply of) the output of the oil and gas industry suggests that increased knowledge about the nature and effect of crude oil price movements is likely to be of interest to most institutions and organisations in the global econ omy. The importance of the energy sector is evident even in country as Libya where the nation's massive dependence on oil export revenues renders the economy especially prone to significant swings in oil prices. 

to reduce their impact; and (111) the role of UN and US oil sanctions on the Libyan econo my. The more general aim of the paper is to examine the extent to which perceptions regarding oil price change exposure in a developing country without a liquid stock market but with a great dependence on the success of the oil industry
فهم المساءلة في المنظمات : من وجهة النظر المؤسسية والبناء الاجتماعي
Authors: فوكله مصطفى , اوتاتا أونكوييلوايل
Published: January 2024

يفترض الفكر التقليدي أن المساءلة في المنظمات الرسمية تظهر نتيجة قيام أحد الأطراف بتحويل الموارد الاقتصادية إلى طرف أخر. القضية الرئيسية لهذه الدراسة هي أن المساءلة لا يتم تحديدها في المنظمات وفق علاقات تعاقدية رسمية لكنها نتاج للبناء الاجتماعي للحقيقة وأن المساءلة يتم توجيهها إلى حد ما بناء على عوامل ثقافية تتضمن بالإضافة إلى العامل الاقتصادي العوامل القانونية والاجتماعية والسياسية. 
في هذه الدراسة تم استخدام منهجية دراسة الحالة لتجميع البيانات من حالتين دراستين إحداهما في بوتسوانا والأخرى في ليبيا. اعتمدت الدراسة على مفاهيم نظرية البناء الاجتماعي ونظرية المؤسسات الاعتقاد الباحثين بأنهما تساعدان على إبراز وفهم الدور الذي تلعبه الثقافة في عملية بناء المساءلة. تم تجميع بيانات الدراسة بشكل رئيسي من شركتين إحداها في بوتسوانا والأخرى في ليبيا بالإضافة إلى أمانة الصناعة في ليبيا عن طريق المقابلات الشخصية والملاحظة وفحص وتحليل عدد من المستندات والتقارير.
THE ROLE OF SOCIOLOGISTS IN HOUSING PROJECTS
Authors: Al-Tahir Dr. Abdul Jalil
Published: January 2024

THE ROLE OF SOCIOLOGISTS IN HOUSING PROJECTS
MPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT IN LIBYA
Authors: Wedley William C.
Published: January 2024

At any given time, the resources and skills available to a country place some type of ceiling on the number of development projects which can be undertaken. Capital is needed to provide the private and social overhead investments which increase or aid the productive capabilities of the society. Inputs of natural resources are necessary so that consumption and investment goods can be produced. Foreign exchange is re quired if an insufficiency in the domestic supply of natural resources, goods, and capital necessitates a supplementation from external sources. Labor, with the correct skills and attitudes, is needed so as to combine theproductive factors and to operate in the economic system. Finally, im- provements in the effectiveness of this economic system are achieved by advancements in technology and by betterment of educational standards. One of the major features of development planning is to identify those resources or skills which are limiting the potentialities for growth.With such knowledge, positive steps can be taken to alleviate the bottle- neck.At any given time, the resources and skills available to a countryplace some type of ceiling on the number of development projects which can be undertaken. Capital is needed to provide the private and social overhead investments which increase or aid the productive capabilities of the society. Inputs of natural resources are necessary so that consump-tion and investment goods can be produced. Foreign exchange is re- quired if an insufficiency in the domestic supply of natural resources, goods, and capital necessitates a supplementation from external sources.Labor, with the correct skills and attitudes, is needed so as to combine the productive factors and to operate in the economic system. Finally, improvements in the effectiveness of this economic system are achieved by advancements in technology and by betterment of educational stan-dards. One of the major features of development planning is to identifythose resources or skills which are limiting the potentialities for growth.With such knowledge, positive steps can be taken to alleviate the bottle-neck.
THE SOVIET STATE BUDGET
Authors: Oreibi Misbah
Published: January 2024

THE SOVIET STATE BUDGET
البترول والتغير الاجتماعي في مدينة اجدابيا
Authors: الطاهر عبد الجليل
Published: January 2024

كانت الدراسة الرائدة التي قام بها « قسم الدراسات الفلسفية والاجتماعية » لمسح مدينة اجدابيا اجتماعيا واقتصاديا تهدف الى كشف « الصلة » الايجابية العضوية بين ظاهرتين : الاولى اعتبرت « سببا » وهي « البترول » والثانيـة « نتيجة » وهي « التغير الاجتماعي » ـ و نعنى به كل ما حدث من تغييرات علىسكان اجدابيا ، سواء كانوا من المهاجرين اليها أو من سكانها الأصليين، وخاصة التغيرات في « انماط حياتهم » : كالسكن ، والولاء الى القبيلة ، والتقاليد ، والعادات الاجتماعية ، والعلاقات بين افراد الأسرة ، ومستوى المعيشة، والدخول، وطرائق الانفاق ، وأساليب الحياة الى غيرها "
PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF LIBYA
Authors: Wedle William
Published: January 2024

At the time of independence, the per capita income in Libya was estimated to be about £L 11 ($30) per year.¹ At that time, the outlook for the future was bleak, and economic experts were urging Libya to attempt to capture a larger share of the foreign aid handouts of other countries. Two and a half decades later, the situation was very different. The successful exploration, production, and exportation of petroleum had vastly transformed the economy and provided a major impetus to growth. No longer was Libya dependent upon foreign aid.
A COMMENT ON "SOME ALTERNATIVES TO DEVELOPMENt"
Authors: Bryce Murray
Published: January 2024

In reading Mr. Bryce's article on "Some Alternatives to Develop.  ment ; Lessons for Libya" published in this mabazine, I found myse]f  in disagreement with some of the views expressed, especially those  touching upon Llhya. With due respect to Mr. Bryce's wide know.  )edge in this field and with my limited knowledge on Libya I wish to  make the following remarks.  

1. The fir:;t point relates to Mr. Bryce's emphasis on the experien.  ce of other countries and how, on such bases, Liby:i should avoid many  unfavourable paths of development. I wish to que~tion the validity of  how much one should draw from the experience .,f other countries as  applied to a given country.
دراسة مقارنة عن الانتاجية الصناعية في انكلترا، فرنسا والمانيا
Authors: سلیمان حسن
Published: January 2024

يهدف البحث المرفق باللغة الانكليزية الى تقديم دراسة مقارنة عن في بعض الدول الصناعية وعلى وجه الخصوص انكلترا وفرنسا وألمانيا ، لنتعرف خلال ذلك على العوامل التي أثرت على التطور الصناعي و تبيان أسباب تباطی انكلترا بالمقارنة بمنافساتها من الدول الاوروبيـة الأخـرى . فتـاريخ أوروبا الاقتصادي ، وخاصة في السنوات الاخيرة ، يعكس لنا حقيقة هامة الا وهي توسع الهوة في الكفاءة أو المقدرة الاقتصادية بين انكلترا من جهـة والمانيا وفرنسا والولايات المتحدة جهة أخرى . وهذه الحقيقة لا تقتصر على العقود القليلةالماضية انما تاريخها يعود الى الفترة منذ أواخر سبعينات القرن التاسع عشر .
خصائص المحاسبة البترولية
Authors: مصطفی د.رءوف
Published: January 2024

تتميز المحاسبة البترولية بمميزات خاصة عن أنواع المحاسبات الأخرى الاسباب عديدة أهمها ما يلي : ا۔ ان البترول وهو نوع من أنواع الثروات المعدنية والتي تتمثل في  مثل الفحم والزيت والحديد والنحاس  الثروة المعدنية الموجودة في باطن الأرض والمحاجر والأخشاب في الغابات والتي تسمى أيضا الاصول المتناقصة  فريدة في تنميتها وانتاجها تستمد من حقيقة  Wasting Assets لها خصائص أن تلك الثروات لا يمكن استبدالها وأنه يلزمها مقدار كبير من رأس المال لاستخراجها من باطن الأرض . ومن التعاريف الهامة للاصول المتناقصة  في كتابهما  W.A. Paton, & A.C. Littleton  وكيفية  معالجتها تعریف  “An Introduction to Corporate Accounting Standards.” وهو كما يلى :  “Mines, oil wells, quarries and similar assets of wasting character which are consumed in the form of basic raw materials and where output is sold as such. Provision for depreciation or depletion should be made according to the exhaustion of the asset concerned. In this case of an undertaking formed for the purpose of exploiting this particular class of asset, if the practice is to make no provision, this should be made clear in the accounts so that shareholders may realise that dividends are in part, a returning capital.” قسم المحاسبة بكلية الاقتصاد والتجارة .  (*) أستاذ مشارك ورئيس  ۸۶  دراسات في الاقتصاد وادارة الاعمال  ان الام ، وان  المنطقة وأنه به  وأنه يلاحظ أن منتج البترول يستنفد دائما احتياطيه من المادة بخلاف أي صانع آخر ، لا يمكن تحديد الكميات في نفس نان عليه البحث الدائم عن احتياطيات جديدة في مناطق جديدة اذری في عمله الانتاجي . وأنه قد يقوم بشراء منطقة يكون من المعروف أنه بها ، حيث أن غيره من المنتجين قد وجدوا بها زيتا ، ومع ذلك فانه في منت لا يستطيع أن يحدد بالضبط الكميات التي حصل عليها من هذا الشراء أو التي يمكن استخراجها من هذا الاحتياطي وحتى اذا أمكن تحديد منطقة . الزيت بكميات تجارية فانه لا يوجد أي تأكد من أن التقرير الاصلى الله الزيت ص حيح •  : اذا كان يريد الاستمرا  ا وف أنه يوجد زین ، فانه في هذه المنطق  دید منطقة يوجد بها  "Once oil or gas has been located in paying quantities, there is no assurance that original estimates of reserves will hold up.”  ٢- أنه يتحتم على كل منتج أن يستثمر بعض أمواله في مناطق نائية Wild Cat Areas والتي لا يمكنه أن يعرف الاحتياطيات التي توجد فيها الا اذا صرف هو أو غيره من المنتجين مقادير كبيرة من الأموال لحفر الآبار التجريبية حتى يعثر على الزيت وكذلك يصرف أموالا أخرى على استخراجه وعمل الخزانات للمحافظة عليه حتى يباع ، ونجد أن ظروف الانتاج هذه تختلف باختلاف المناطق ، وتختلف كذلك في المنطقة الواحدة من بئر الى آخر حسب الظروف المحيطة بهذه الآبار ، بل أنها قد تختلف أيضا في نفس البئر من وقت الى آخر . وهذه الظروف تحتم القيام بعمل دراسة مستمرة لتكاليف الانتاج والتي يتحتم للحصول على أكبر فائدة منها أن تسجل بكفاية ودقة .  ٣- ان التاجر يمكنه عن طريق افتراضاته المؤسسة على حالة السوق أن  يقدر على وجه التقريب الكمية التي يمكنه بيعها في مدة محددة .  كذلك الصانع يمكنه التنبؤ بكمية المنتج التي يمكنه تصريفها في مدة  أو فصل معين اذا ما أخذ في الاعتبار ظروف الاعمال عامة .  بينما منتج الزيت يجب عليه في مناطق كثيرة أن يعدل من انتاجه لبطاق
العلاقة بين ابن خلدون وآدم سميث
Authors: الطبولی أبو القاسم
Published: January 2024

من المعروف أن علم الاقتصاد علم حديث ، ومعظم الافكار الاقتصادية كانت متناثرة هنا وهناك قبل سنة 1776 م عندما ألف آدم سميث كتابه المشهور « ثروة الامم » وحينما تذكر عادة هذه الافكار الاقتصادية تقارن بأفكار كتاب أوربيين ولكن في الحقيقة أن الكثير من الكتاب المسلمين ساهموا بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر في هذه الافكار . وعندما يقال أن آدم سميث هو أبو الاقتصاد فان هـذا يعتبر تجنى على هؤلاء الكتاب ، فهناك عديد من الكتاب كتبوا في الاقتصاد قبل آدم سميث ولقد كانت مهمة آدم سميث منحصرة في جمع هذه الافكار الاقتصادية وتنسيقها ووضعها في كتاب واحد ، وقالب رائع .
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IBN KHALDUN AND ADAM SMITH
Authors: Toboli Abulkasem
Published: January 2024

Economics is a modern science. Before 1776 most of the economicideas were mixed with either philosophy or politics. A good exampleis the work of Ibn Khaldun. His economic ideas were mixed with either ethics or politics. As an example, when he discussed the empirical labor theory of value, he mixed it with the ethics of labor. Charles Issawi remarked that << Ibn Khaldun's remarks on economic theeory deserve attention. »>1
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNTING THOUGHT AROUND THE STABILITY OF THE MONETARY UNIT AT THE MICRO AND MACRO LEVELS
Authors: Sharaf Dr. Hussein
Published: January 2024

At the micro level the factors underlying the development of accounting thought around the assumption of a stable monetary unit 

Are analyzed in terms of three environmental situations : (i) conditions of hyper-inflation. (ii) the implications of fast technological changes in industry, and (iii) the cumulative effects of a gradual decline in the purchasing power of money. 

At the macro level the effects of price-level changes upon the measurement of the main aggregates at current prices are outlined and the attempts to eliminate such effects are stated in the order of the development of thought in that field. The difficulties encountered in achieving this purpose together with proposed solutions are explained. The accuracy of results is examined and evaluated.
POPULATION PROJECTIONS OF LIBYA : 1964-1984
Authors: Venkatacharya Dr. K. Venkatacharya
Published: January 2024

The following abstracts are short synopses of articles appearing in the Arabicpart of the Review. They are summarized here for the benefit of those who cannot read Arabic. In a like manner, each major, English or French article is presented as a short résumé in the Arabic section.
التنبؤ الاحصائي وقوى الدفع المستمرة
Authors: صالح د.أحمد يوسف
Published: January 2024

يعود تاريخ التنبؤ إلى الفيلسوف اليوناني ديو چين (Diogenes ;323.412ق.م) الذي سجن نفسه في برميل خشبي على بعد من مدينة أثينا منقطعا عن العالم الخارجي للتفكر بشؤون الكون والمعرفة، حيث يروي أنه مر به ذات يوم عابر سبيل مترجل يسأله:هل لي أن أدرك أثينا قبل الغروب؟ فما كان من ديوجين إلا أن نهره قائلا: اذهب بعيدا، فقفل العابر راجعا غاضبا من ديوجين، إلا أنه لم يكد يبتعد قليلا حتى صرخ به ديوجين قائلا: عد أيها العابر وسوف أجيبك على سؤالك، فاستغرب العابر و عاد الى ديوجين وسأله: كيف تجيبني وقد نهرتني من قبل ؟ فأجابه ديوجين كيف أجيبك وأنا لا أعرف سرعة خطواتك الان أجيبك: إنك لن تدرك أثينا قبل الغروب
وكان ذلك أول أسلوب علمي، وأهم الأسس التي يستند اليها التنبؤ حتى يومنا هذا. فكما هو ملاحظ أستند ديوجين الي الماضي للتنبأ بالمستقبل، فهو قدر سرعة خطو العابر وقاس بها المستقبل، ليضع بذلك الأسس الأولى للتنبؤ العلمي بالمستقبل