bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collective Behaviors: Experiments
Authors: Cottin-Bizonne C. , Ybert C.
Published: December 2024

This chapter aims to provide an overview of the wide range of collective effects observed experimentally in colloidal active matter. The diversity of phenomena reported goes along with an increasing number of available experimental systems, sometimes making it challenging to reach a global understanding of these collective effects. To attain this unifying view, we strive to identify similarities across diverse systems by emphasizing their predominant characteristics, particularly focusing on interactions. We first present the collective effects arising from a limited number of swimmers immersed in an assembly of passive particles. Next, we explore the remarkable assemblies resulting from non-swimming spinning particles. We then examine the collective behavior of assemblies of swimmers, encompassing phenomena like self-trapping and flocking, for which a theoretical description of experimental observations is arguably the most advanced. Finally, we discuss more effects stemming from long-range chemical interactions or non-reciprocal interactions, which are more complex to address theoretically. There, the further progress toward a unified understanding implies better experimental characterization of systems properties, especially interactions, as well as the development of theoretical frameworks integrating these complex effects.
Metal–Organic Framework-based Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Tayyab Muhammad , Aman Summan , Rafique Hummera , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad , Noureen Laila , Zafar Muhammad Nadeem
Published: December 2024

The need for sustainable energy and environmental remediation has become crucial due to the exponential increase in the human population and industrialization. The exploitation of fossil fuels has led to significant carbon emissions. To address this, photocatalysis is considered to be a promising and cost-effective viable technique for harnessing solar energy as chemical energy, such as for photocatalytic hydrogen production as an energy carrier. In particular, metal–organic framework (MOF) photocatalysts have gained considerable attention for hydrogen production due to their unique crystalline structure, higher surface area, and more light absorption sites, which in turn enhance the photocatalytic performance efficiently. Herein, we highlight some fundamental synthesis rules and key points of MOF-based photocatalytic systems, with their advantages and classifications and their emerging trends and efficiency for photocatalytic H2 production. Finally, we will discuss the future prospects based on our literature survey.
COF-based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Priyanga Kangeyan K. , A Shiny Golda , Neppolian Bernaurdshaw , Lakhera Sandeep Kumar
Published: December 2024

In recent years, solar-driven hydrogen generation has attracted significant attention because of its eco-friendly and economically viable nature. Numerous photocatalytic systems have been developed, utilizing metal compounds and amorphous polymers. However, these systems have faced limitations due to their inherent structural drawbacks, which necessitates the exploration of a novel group of materials designed for use in photocatalytic applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a novel class of highly structured organic polymers with multiple vacancies, have seized the spotlight among researchers. Their exceptional structural uniformity, resilient framework, excellent stability, high crystallinity, and innate porosity make them particularly noteworthy. COFs feature flexible architecture and multilayer stacking configurations, resulting in reduced band gaps and efficient absorption of solar energy. Moreover, their extended π-conjugation in both two- and three-dimensional frameworks plays a crucial role in promoting electron transfer and transport. The synthesis of COFs has made significant advancements, offering substantial potential for functionalization, and researchers have extensively explored their utility as photocatalysts for hydrogen production. Consequently, a multitude of research endeavours have been undertaken to assess the photocatalytic activities of COF-based photocatalysts. This chapter details the design principles of COF synthesis, the linkage chemistry of COFs, and emphasizes the potential of COF-based catalysts in the realm of photocatalytic hydrogen production applications.
Introduction to Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zaidi Zakiullah , Kamlesh  , Mudgal Manish , Singhai Sandeep , Singh Archana
Published: December 2024

In the discipline of environmental science, harvesting clean energy from fuel sources is crucial. Due to the fact that there are significant energy challenges, hydrogen (H2) has been considered as a versatile energy carrier and its production is critical for environmental sustainability. H2 can be produced in a variety of ways; however, the two well-established techniques that support industries are the steam methane reforming (SMR) and electrocatalytic water splitting (EWS) processes. In SMR, biofuels and petroleum fuels are typically used as hydrogen sources, producing H2, with carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as the by-products. Therefore, the EWS was established by utilizing water and electricity to produce H2 with oxygen as a by-product and no toxic emissions or carbon footprint. Based on a literature review, numerous international and regional reports, project reports, research papers, review articles, conference papers, and book chapters related to electrocatalytic H2 production have already been published. However, this chapter mainly focuses on the global energy demand for H2 fuel, its electrochemical production pathway, the need for electrocatalysts, fundamental aspects, principles, challenges, and future goals. Additionally, particular attention is paid to recent advances in electrocatalysts, in terms of their methodologies, fabrication, structural properties, electrode preparation, catalytic efficiency, and stability.
Alternative Electrocatalysts: Exploring Quantum Dots and Transition Metal MXenes
Authors: Ullah Abid , Ahmad Shahbaz , Arif Muhammad Zulqarnain , Egilmez Mehmet , Hussain Basharat , Khan Muhammad Raheel , Hussain Amjad , Samreen Ayesha
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen emerges as a pivotal clean and versatile energy carrier amid global energy challenges, urging a shift towards renewable hydrogen production. The efficiency of the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) hinges on catalyst choice, ambient conditions, and electrolyte pH. In transitioning away from costly and scarce catalysts like Pt or Ru, researchers explore Earth-abundant alternatives, notably transition metal-based quantum dots (QDs) and MXenes. QDs offer high surface area and customizable properties, while MXenes demonstrate exceptional conductivity and surface area. QDs, despite challenges such as agglomeration, prove effective when engineered into composites. MXenes, with their unique stacked structure and chemical robustness, hold promise for HER catalysis. As discussed, QDs and MXenes exhibit schematic HER representations, emphasizing their potential as catalysts for sustainable hydrogen production and their adaptability to span diverse fields, offering scalable solutions towards a renewable energy future.
Catalysts for Photoelectrochemical H2 Production
Authors: Koyale P. , Patil M. , Sadavar S. , Gurav S. , Delekar S.
Published: December 2024

This chapter provides an overview of catalysts in photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production, focusing on their design, characteristics, and applications. It starts with an introduction to PEC H2 production and the need for catalysts. The main section discusses various catalysts, such as nanostructured metal oxides, metal–organic frameworks, perovskites, chalcogenides, and MXenes, emphasizing their unique properties and roles in enhancing the PEC performance. The chapter also addresses challenges in commercializing the PEC H2 production and explores prospects in catalyst development. The conclusion comprises key insights and suggests pathways for advancing PEC technology, highlighting the chapter’s importance to the scientific community.
Detection of Heavy Metals Present in the Environment by Biosensors
Authors: Hrichi Hajer , Ahmed Elkanzi Nadia Ali
Published: December 2024

Industrial processes and agriculture are among the anthropogenic activities that contribute to heavy metal contamination in water, soil, and sediments. The determination of heavy metal levels in environmental samples is of utmost importance, as they are non-biodegradable and can cause various adverse health effects at high levels, as well as damage aquatic ecosystems. Biosensors have recently gained attention for their promising properties, including high selectivity, sensitivity, and robustness. They are composed of bioreceptors and transducers (electrochemical, optical, gravimetric, and thermal), which convert data into an electrical response. In this chapter, we summarize all biosensors with electrochemical transducers used over the past decade to quantify heavy metals in environmental samples. Electrochemical biosensors are classified based on the type of bioreceptors: enzymatic, functional nucleic acid-based, and whole-cell-based.
Biosensors for the Determination of Toxic Phenolic Compounds Present in Cosmetics
Authors: Oumoussa Hajar , Bendany Mohamed , Brahim Khalid Ait Ben , Hamdouni Youssra El , Bensemlali Meryem , Labjar Najoua , Dalimi Mohamed , Laasri Said , Hajjaji Souad El
Published: December 2024

The cosmetic industry has witnessed significant growth in recent years, accompanied by increasing concerns regarding the safety of cosmetic ingredients, particularly toxic phenolic compounds. These compounds, commonly used in cosmetics for their preservative, fragrance, or antioxidant properties, pose potential health risks, including endocrine disruption, allergic reactions, and carcinogenicity. In response to these concerns, the development of biosensors tailored for the determination of toxic phenolic compounds in cosmetics has emerged as a critical area of research and innovation. Biosensors offer a promising solution for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of these compounds, enabling timely identification and monitoring of hazardous ingredients in cosmetic formulations. This chapter explores the principles, mechanisms, and analytical performance of biosensors designed for detecting toxic phenolic compounds in cosmetics. It discusses the various types of biosensors suitable for this application, highlighting their sensitivity, selectivity, and potential for on-site analysis. Furthermore, it examines opportunities for improvement and innovation in biosensor technology, addressing challenges and outlining a path toward enhanced safety and transparency in the cosmetic industry. Through a comprehensive analysis of biosensors for the determination of toxic phenolic compounds in cosmetics, this chapter aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, industry professionals, and regulatory authorities, ultimately contributing to the advancement of cosmetic safety assessment and consumer protection.
Biosensors for the Quantification of Food Flavors and Additives
Authors: Negut C. Cioates , Staden R.I. Stefan-van , Ilie-Mihai R. M. , Gheorghe D.C.
Published: December 2024

Currently, artificial synthetic food additives have progressively substituted natural food additives, leading to many issues regarding their misuse and excessive usage and even the presence of dangerous additives. Food additives can provide humans with significant sensory pleasure and commercial convenience, but they can also pose potential hazards to human health. Therefore, it is crucial to perform quantitative investigations on the composition of food additives. Biosensors are a versatile technology that can accurately estimate the allowable residue levels. Researchers and the public can detect authorized food additives and potential food contaminants in food matrices through the advancement and enhancement of future research. Biosensor technology has exceptional selectivity and sensitivity, effectively minimizes false mistakes, and offers faster results without the need for complex sample preparations. Furthermore, considering the sensor size at the nanoscale level enhances portability, transportability, and ease of use. This chapter aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding the quantification of food additives (such as flavor enhancers and antioxidants) by discussing analytical approaches using biosensors as well as reviewing hazardous additives (such as colorants).
The Role of Copper in Biocatalysis
Authors: Itoh Shinobu
Published: December 2024

Copper-containing enzymes are involved in many biological processes such as oxygen transport, electron transfer, oxidation–reduction reactions, oxygenation reactions, etc. These functions and reactions are conducted at the various types of copper active centers, whose structures, physicochemical properties, and reactivity have been investigated in detail by synthetic bioinorganic chemists using simple model complexes not only to elucidate enzymatic reaction mechanisms but also to develop new catalysts and functional materials. This chapter summarizes the recent studies of the catalytic functions of copper-containing metalloenzymes and their model complexes.
Metal Complex Catalysts Immobilized on Porous Materials
Authors: Yamaguchi Syuhei , Yahiro Hidenori
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, recent progress in the research of zeolite-encapsulated transition metal complex catalysts is outlined. In addition, how to prepare and characterize a zeolite-encapsulated transition metal complex catalyst, and studies on the selective oxidation of organic compounds with hydrogen peroxide using zeolite-encapsulated iron- and copper-complex catalysts are explained.
A Theoretical Approach for Investigating the Reaction Mechanism of Methane–Methanol Conversion, and Application of the Approach to Catalysts
Authors: Abe Tsukasa , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari
Published: December 2024

Although the present homo- and heterogeneous catalysts show high performance in methane–methanol conversion, a computational approach for the investigation of the reaction mechanism is highly expected to contribute to innovative catalyst design. This chapter highlights transition metal oxo species, metalloenzymes, and metal zeolites, that have the potential to activate the strong C–H bond of methane (≃105 kcal mol−1). The given general principle is extracted from these model studies, and the computational study would propose a reasonable catalyst design beyond a chemist’s intuition.
Enabling simultaneous photoluminescence spectroscopy and X-ray footprinting mass spectrometry to study protein conformation and interactions
Authors: Gupta Sayan , Russell Brandon , Kristensen Line G. , Tyler James , Costello Shawn M. , Marqusee Susan , Rad Behzad , Ralston Corie Y.
Published: December 2024

A novel integrated hybrid spectroscopy and X-ray footprinting mass spectrometry system designed to study both global and local protein conformation and interactions simultaneously.
Development and clinical validation of photochemical biosensors for monitoring hemoglobin, blood lipids and uric acid in plateau areas
Authors: Yu Bo , Li Qiuping , Zhang Wei , Xiang Xiaoyan , Quda Danzeng , Zhuoga Gasong , Huang Qiong , Cheng Jie , Guo Jinhong , Liu Zhijuan , Shi Li
Published: December 2024

A portable paper-based photochemical biosensor platform, suitable for high-altitude environments, enables point-of-care detection of blood biochemical markers, including hemoglobin, lipids, and uric acid.
Metal (M = Cr, Mo, W, Re) carbonyl complexes with porphyrin and carborane isocyanide ligands: light-induced oxidation and carbon oxide release for antitumor efficacy
Authors: Alpatova Victoria M. , Nguyen Minh Tuan , Rys Evgeny G. , Liklikadze Georgy K. , Kononova Elena G. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Borisov Yuri A. , Egorov Anton E. , Kostyukov Alexey A. , Shibaeva Anna V. , Burtsev Ivan D. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Kuzmin Vladimir A. , Shtil Alexander A. , Markova Alina A. , Ol'shevskaya Valentina A.
Published: December 2024

The novel metal (Cr, Mo, W, Re) carbonyl complexes with porphyrin and carborane isocyanide ligands were prepared as potent conjugates for combined photodynamic and photoinducible CO-releasing antitumor agents.
From text to insight: large language models for chemical data extraction
Authors: Schilling-Wilhelmi Mara , Ríos-García Martiño , Shabih Sherjeel , Gil María Victoria , Miret Santiago , Koch Christoph T. , Márquez José A. , Jablonka Kevin Maik
Published: December 2024

Large language models (LLMs) allow for the extraction of structured data from unstructured sources, such as scientific papers, with unprecedented accuracy and performance.
Mixed-valence metal–organic frameworks: concepts, opportunities, and prospects
Authors: Afshariazar Farzaneh , Morsali Ali
Published: December 2024

Mixed-valence MOFs have exhibited unique features in different practical fields, resulting from long-range charge delocalization and a tunable band gap within the framework.
Oxygen-powered sustainable FePO4 preparation for sodium metal batteries with Li acetate recovery
Authors: Nozaki Fumiyasu , Zhang Shaoning , Petersen Martin Hoffmann , Hwang Jinkwang , Chang Jin Hyun , García-Lastra Juan María , Matsumoto Kazuhiko
Published: December 2024

A sustainable closed-loop system has been developed to prepare heterosite FePO4 from LiFePO4 through chemical delithiation using O2 in an acetic acid aqueous solution. This process recovers lithium acetate, which can be reproduced as LiFePO4.
Self-supported NiTe@NiMo electrodes enabling efficient sulfion oxidation reaction toward energy-saving and chlorine-free hybrid seawater electrolysis at high current densities
Authors: Tan Hao , Yu Zhipeng , Zhang Chenyue , Lin Fei , Ma Shiyu , Huang Haoliang , Li Hong , Xiong Dehua , Liu Lifeng
Published: December 2024

NiTe@NiMo/NF electrodes show outstanding electrocatalytic performance for sulfion oxidation in seawater, able to stably operate at a high current density under a low voltage, simultaneously producing H2 and sulfur in an energy-saving manner.
Mechanistic insights into the adsorption of different types of VOCs on monolayer MoS2via first-principles approaches
Authors: Zhao Weina , Wang Jinlong , Shen Chang , Xie Bufan , Li Guiying , An Taicheng
Published: December 2024

The underlying mechanism that correlates adsorption energy with both the specific volatile organic compound (VOC) category and the carbon chain length on the MoS2 monolayer is elucidated through DFT calculations.
Recent advances in mRNA-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors
Authors: Yang Lizhi , Li Shuo , Hou Chao , Wang Zihua , He Wen , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

mRNA-based therapeutics have entered the mainstream with seemingly limitless possibilities to treat neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors.
Continuous flow synthesis of alkynes from isoxazolones
Authors: Loftus Aisling , De Gregorio Rosa , Baumann Marcus
Published: December 2024

We present an efficient flow method for the preparation of disubstituted alkynes from isoxazolones under diazotisation conditions. This overcomes reproducibility issues of the batch variant and safely affords alkyne products on gram scale.
Photobase-catalyzed thiol–ene click chemistry for light-based additive manufacturing
Authors: Vazquez J. Antonio , Lopez de Pariza Xabier , Ballinger Nathan , Sadaba Naroa , Sun Aileen Y. , Olanrewaju Ayokunle O. , Sardon Haritz , Nelson Alshakim
Published: December 2024

Ionic liquids solvate photobase generators to facilitate vat photopolymerization of thiol–ene ionogels. The base-catalyzed ionogels were more ductile than radical-mediated ionogels.
A photocrosslinked hybrid hydrogel based on chitosan/hyaluronic acid/ZnO toward wound sealing
Authors: Sun Jiale , Hu Donghao , Li Yiling , Wei Jia , Yu Yanlei
Published: December 2024

A newly designed photocrosslinked hydrogel, meticulously crafted through the integration of photoinitiated radical polymerization and photo-coupling reaction, exhibits rapid in situ gelation, high modulus and potent antibacterial activity.
Unveiling a synthetic strategy for a cerium-based hetero-phase hybrid electrocatalyst for near-zero peroxide yield in the ORR
Authors: Ganguly Dipannita , Jayakumar Nithyaa , Gopalan Nishanth Karimbintherikkal
Published: December 2024

The urgent need to replace precious metal electrocatalysts with PGM-free alternatives without sacrificing activity and stability for fuel cell applications drives the current research.
A review of designable deep eutectic solvents for green fabrication of advanced functional materials
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhao Xinhui , Chen Yu , Wei Cong , Jiang Jingyun
Published: December 2024

This review offers insights into general design principles for advanced materials in deep eutectic solvents, fostering knowledge exchange across related disciplines and inspiring further advancements in green chemistry and materials science.
From waste to energy and fuel: novel CuxNiy/CN catalysts from waste melamine resin for efficient nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Gong Feng , Hong Shaohuan , Song Jiaming , Liu Chaozhen , Liu Shenglin , Feng Junjie , Wu Qingwen , Xiong Yonglian , Medic-Pejic Ljiljana , Cheng Yuan , Zhang Zhiqi
Published: December 2024

The conversion of nitrate (NO3−) contaminants into ammonia (NH3) through electrochemical reduction presents a viable strategy for the dual purposes of wastewater purification and ammonia production.
An oxazole-linked donor–acceptor covalent organic framework as an efficient electrocatalyst for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Hu Xuanhe , Zhang Gengyuan , Liang Hongyuan , Li Jiangtao , Zhou Hujing , Chung Lai-Hon , He Jun
Published: December 2024

An oxazole-linked donor–acceptor COF (BTT-DABD) is developed and demonstrated as an excellent electrocatalyst for lithium–sulfur batteries. The oxazole linkage endows BTT-DABD with enhanced chemical stability and catalytic activity.
Designing iron oxide & silver nanocomposites with phyto- and fungo chemicals for biomedicine: lessons learned
Authors: Ivashchenko Olena
Published: December 2024

This work summarises our findings regarding multifunctional complex iron oxide and silver nanoparticles produced with the plants Z. officinale, H. perforatum and mushrooms A. muscaria, S. crispa.
Fast evaluation on the fatigue level of copper contact wire based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and supervised machine learning for high speed railway
Authors: Wei Wenfu , Xia Langyu , Yang Zefeng , Zhang Huan , Pan Like , Wu Jian , Wu Guangning
Published: December 2024

High‐strength copper contact wire is of great significance to the electrified railway power supply system, which constantly provides electric power to the trains during operation. However, contact wire is subject to pressure, vibration, and natural forces such as wind, rain, ice, etc. which inevitably result in mechanical fatigue over time. This mechanical fatigue can lead to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the contact wire, and ultimately lead to problems such as wire detachment, fracture, or breakage, posing a serious safety hazard to the electrified railway system. Herein, the authors propose a strategy using nanosecond pulsed laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with machine learning technique to realise a fast evaluation on the fatigue level of copper contact line. Three different fatigue levels of copper samples have been made related with the requirement of operational conditions, and a total of 898 LIBS spectra were collected. Twenty‐four combinations of spectral pre‐processing, feature extraction, and optimisation algorithms were used to compare the recognition results with the accuracy, recall rate, and time cost taken into accounted. Results have shown that the standard normal variable transform–principal component analysis–genetic algorithm improve support vector machine (SNV‐PCA‐GASVM) model have presented a most satisfactory performance than the others. The cross‐validation accuracy of the SNV‐PCA‐GASVM model was 92.97% while the dimensionality of input variables was reduced by 99.62%. This work is useful for the safety operation of power supply system in high speed railway, and technique development concerning the fast evaluation on materials fatigue in other industrial fields.
Multispectral image fusion technique based on decoupling of information
Authors: Yu Wenqi , Wang Huilin , Liu Jilong , Wang Guan
Published: December 2024

To address the issue of unremarkable targets and the serious loss of background details that occurs in multispectral image fusion, a multispectral image fusion method based on information decoupling is proposed. In accordance with the U‐shaped network structure, multi‐scale feature fusion is employed to obtain comprehensive contextual features. Subsequently, taking into account the differences between base and texture information in the images, the recovered image is reconstructed by fusing feature information through the information decoupling branches. Finally, the information decoupling is supervised by a loss function. In addition, a series of comparative experiments are conducted on a self‐constructed multispectral dataset and a publicly available dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our method not only achieves higher fusion accuracy but also has superior visualization results.
Candidate strongly lensed type Ia supernovae in the Zwicky Transient Facility archive
Authors: Townsend A. , Nordin J. , Sagués Carracedo A. , Kowalski M. , Arendse N. , Dhawan S. , Goobar A. , Johansson J. , Mörtsell E. , Schulze S. , Andreoni I. , Fernández E. , Kim A. G. , Nugent P. E. , Prada F. , Rigault M. , Sarin N. , Sharma D. , Bellm E. C. , Coughlin M. W. , Dekany R. , Groom S. L. , Lacroix L. , Laher R. R. , Riddle R. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Bailey S. , Brooks D. , Claybaugh T. , de la Macorra A. , Dey A. , Dey B. , Doel P. , Fanning K. , Forero-Romero J. E. , Gaztañaga E. , Gontcho A Gontcho S. , Honscheid K. , Howlett C. , Kisner T. , Kremin A. , Lambert A. , Landriau M. , Le Guillou L. , Levi M. E. , Manera M. , Meisner A. , Miquel R. , Moustakas J. , Mueller E. , Myers A. D. , Nie J. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Poppett C. , Rezaie M. , Rossi G. , Sanchez E. , Schlegel D. , Schubnell M. , Seo H. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Zou H.
Published: December 2024

Context. Gravitationally lensed type Ia supernovae (glSNe Ia) are unique astronomical tools that can be used to study cosmological parameters, distributions of dark matter, the astrophysics of the supernovae, and the intervening lensing galaxies themselves. A small number of highly magnified glSNe Ia have been discovered by ground-based telescopes such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), but simulations predict that a fainter, undetected population may also exist.

Aims. We present a systematic search for glSNe Ia in the ZTF archive of alerts distributed from June 1 2019 to September 1 2022.

Methods. Using the AMPEL platform, we developed a pipeline that distinguishes candidate glSNe Ia from other variable sources. Initial cuts were applied to the ZTF alert photometry (with constraints on the peak absolute magnitude and the distance to a catalogue-matched galaxy, as examples) before forced photometry was obtained for the remaining candidates. Additional cuts were applied to refine the candidates based on their light curve colours, lens galaxy colours, and the resulting parameters from fits to the SALT2 SN Ia template. The candidates were also cross-matched with the DESI spectroscopic catalogue.

Results. Seven transients were identified that passed all the cuts and had an associated galaxy DESI redshift, which we present as glSN Ia candidates. Although superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) cannot be fully rejected as contaminants, two events, ZTF19abpjicm and ZTF22aahmovu, are significantly different from typical SLSNe and their light curves can be modelled as two-image glSN Ia systems. From this two-image modelling, we estimate time delays of 22 ± 3 and 34 ± 1 days for the two events, respectively, which suggests that we have uncovered a population of glSNe Ia with longer time delays.

Conclusions. The pipeline is efficient and sensitive enough to parse full alert streams. It is currently being applied to the live ZTF alert stream to identify and follow-up future candidates while active. This pipeline could be the foundation for glSNe Ia searches in future surveys, such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.
Dynamic and radiative implications of jet–star interactions in AGN jets
Authors: Fichet de Clairfontaine G. , Perucho M. , Martí J. M. , Kovalev Y. Y.
Published: December 2024

Context. The interactions between jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN) and their stellar environments significantly influence jet dynamics and emission characteristics. In low-power jets, such as those in Fanaroff-Riley I (FR I) galaxies, the jet–star interactions can notably affect jet deceleration and energy dissipation.

Aims. Recent numerical studies suggest that mass loading from stellar winds is a key factor in decelerating jets, accounting for many observed characteristics in FR I jets. Additionally, a radio-optical positional offset has been observed, with optical emission detected further down the jet than radio emission. This observation may challenge traditional explanations based solely on recollimation shocks and instabilities.

Methods. We used the radiative transfer code RIPTIDE to generate synthetic synchrotron maps from a population of re-accelerated electrons in both radio and optical bands from jet simulations incorporating various mass-loading profiles and distributions of gas and stars within the ambient medium.

Results. Our findings emphasize the importance of mass entrainment in replicating the extended and diffuse radio/optical emissions observed in FR I jets and in explaining the radio–optical offsets. These offsets are influenced by the galaxy’s physical properties, the surrounding stellar populations, and observational biases. We successfully reproduce typical radio–optical offsets by considering a mass-loading equivalent to 10−9 M⊙ ⋅ yr−1 ⋅ pc−3. Overall, our results demonstrate that positive offset measurements are a promising tool for revealing the fundamental properties of galaxies and potentially their stellar populations, particularly in the context of FR I jets.
Error inhibiting methods for finite elements
Authors: Ditkowski Adi , Le Blanc Anne , Shu Chi-Wang
Published: December 2024

Finite Difference methods (FD) are one of the oldest and simplest methods for solving partial differential equations (PDE). Block Finite Difference methods (BFD) are FD methods in which the domain is divided into blocks, or cells, containing two or more grid points, with a different scheme used for each grid point, unlike the standard FD method. It was shown in recent works that BFD schemes might be one to three orders more accurate than their truncation errors. Due to these schemes’ ability to inhibit the accumulation of truncation errors, these methods were called Error Inhibiting Schemes (EIS). This manuscript shows that our BFD schemes can be viewed as a particular type of Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. Then, we prove the BFD scheme’s stability using the standard DG procedure while using a Fourier-like analysis to establish its optimal convergence rate. We present numerical examples in one and two dimensions to demonstrate the efficacy of these schemes.
Shipbuilding crane manipulator with closed-chain structure: structural design and kinematic performance analysis
Authors: Pan Yuchen , Yue Minghang , Deng Zhining , Meng Zhanbin , Li Yufu
Published: December 2024

Traditional shipbuilding crane manipulator is widely used in the process of block lifting and erection of ships, but there are generally problems, such as inflexible output trajectory, limited workspace and low working efficiency. In order to solve above problems, a novel hybrid shipbuilding crane manipulator with closed-chain structure and weakly-coupled characteristics based on multi-DOF (Degree-of-Freedom) mechanism is proposed. Then, a systematically structural and kinematic modeling and analysis method is presented to describe the coupling degree, singular configurations, workspace, motion trajectory, dexterity capacity and static stiffness performances of this type of closed-chain structure mechanism. Results of the numerical examples verify the correctness, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional shipbuilding crane manipulator, the proposed novel manipulator can finish lifting and transportation operation more efficient, which can also be applied in fields such as: innovative design of oil and gas drilling platforms, deck machinery, construction machinery and other engineering equipment.
Hétérochromatine et contrôle épigénétique des séquences répétées
Authors: Kleijwegt Constance , Déjardin Jérôme
Published: December 2024

L’hétérochromatine est une structure décrite comme restrictive et répressive. On la retrouve notamment au niveau des séquences répétées qui représentent près de la moitié du génome humain. Ces séquences, dont l’origine reste incertaine, peuvent jouer un rôle structural, protecteur ou régulateur. Cependant, leur homologie de séquence ou leur capacité à transposer pour certaines, peuvent compromettre la stabilité du génome, et la formation d’hétérochromatine au niveau de ces régions permet de les réguler. Souvent imaginée comme une structure dont la composition est stable, l’hétérochromatine est en réalité bien plus hétérogène, en fonction du locus et du type cellulaire où elle est établie.
Accuracy of acetabular cup positioning in robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty: a CT-based evaluation
Authors: Singh Ashish , Kumar Purushotam , Kalyan Kanukuntla , Gundalli Akash Chandrashekar , Mane Sudhir Shankar , Swarnkar Himanshu , Singh Lavanya
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Robot-assisted instrumentation during total hip arthroplasty (THA) has the potential to improve acetabular cup positioning. This study aimed to evaluate the precision of robotic-arm-assisted THA (rTHA) and assess whether the system can provide accurate cup positioning comparable to conventional THA (cTHA). Methods: A single-center prospective cohort study consisting of 151 patients who underwent THA (108 rTHA and 43 cTHA). The robotically assisted system was used to match the postoperative computed tomography (CT) image of the pelvis with the planned and intraoperative anatomical landmarks. The cTHA cohort underwent hip replacement using the standard manual procedure, with acetabular component locations assessed during and after surgery. Results: The rTHA cohort was significantly younger, but no other significant differences were found between the two cohorts in preoperative baseline data. In rTHA cohort, the planned inclination (40.0 ± 0.3°) closely matched the intraoperative (40.2 ± 2.7°; p = 0.54) and postoperative (40.7 ± 4.0°; p = 0.07) measurements. However, anteversion showed a significant increase from planned (19.4 ± 1.5°) to postoperative CT scan (28.7 ± 7.0°; p < 0.001). There was evidence of proportional bias in the measurements (p < 0.001). In the cTHA cohort, the mean inclination (43.1 ± 5.1°) did not show any significant change between the preoperative plans and postoperative assessments (p = 0.12); however, there was a remarkable change in the mean anteversion (17.6 ± 6.4°) between postoperative measurements and the preoperative plans (p < 0.001). The average anteversion in the preoperative plans did not differ remarkably between the rTHA and cTHA cohorts. However, the average inclination was substantially different between the two cohorts (p < 0.001). Both groups had no significant differences in the proportion of cups outside the referenced safe zones. Conclusion: The results suggest that while robotic-assisted guidance ensures consistent cup inclination, there may be more variability in achieving the planned anteversion, which warrants further investigation into the factors influencing postoperative changes in acetabular orientation.
Integrating Payor-Segregated Outpatient Obstetrics and Gynecology Care Models: The Patient Perspective
Authors: Chesnokova Arina E. , Apple Annie , Kaur Karampreet , Schachter Allison , Clement Elizabeth A. , Schapira Marilyn M. , Sonalkar Sarita , Polite Florencia G. , Vinekar Kavita , James Abike T. , Hamm Rebecca F.
Published: December 2024

Objective Significant racial and ethnic disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality as well as gynecologic outcomes persist in the United States. The role of ambulatory care in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN), particularly in facilities that separate resident and attending care along payor (and de facto racial) lines, remains unclear. This study examines patient perspectives on payor-segregated health care delivery in an academic medical center (AMC) and opinions on possible integration.

Study Design This is a qualitative study conducted at a single AMC with payor-segregated resident and attending outpatient sites. Interviews focused on patient perception of experience and value in outpatient OBGYN care, perspectives on the segregated care model, and attitudes about integration. Patients participated in a 30-minute semistructured interview with recruitment continuing until thematic saturation was reached (October 2022–August 2023). Interviews were coded using an integrated approach with grounded theory; 12% of transcripts were double-coded (k = 0.86).

Results We interviewed 26 patients (16 from resident, 10 from attending site). Patients prioritized practical aspects such as clinic proximity and quality of clinician interaction. Most were unaware of the payor-segregated clinic system and disapproved upon learning about it. Opinions varied on topics of telehealth and continuity, indicating diverse patient needs. Notably, minoritized patients valued race and class concordance in clinical spaces. Patients generally supported care integration, conditional upon the preservation of aspects of care they valued.

Conclusion Successful OBGYN care integration requires meeting individual needs while ensuring diversity, safety, and community-oriented care, alongside access and convenience. Incorporating patient voices is crucial for aligning services with expectations and improving patient experiences.

Key Points
MONARCH Inventory for Causal Attribution in Homeopathy Case Reports: Explanation and Elaboration
Authors: Lamba Chetna Deep , Mahajan Nidhi , Gupta Vishwa Kumar , Rutten Lex , Teut Michael , Tapakis Lefteris , Hoover Todd , Gerstenhoefer Anna , Fok Yuen Ying Yvonne , Manchanda Rajkumar , van Haselen Robbert
Published: December 2024

Background The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) inventory is a novel and useful tool for assessing the likelihood of a causal relationship between the homeopathic intervention and the ultimate clinical outcome.

Objectives To explain and elaborate on the use of the MONARCH inventory to improve its consistency of use and thereby elevate the overall quality and evidentiary value of homeopathy case reports.

Explanation and Elaboration Each of the 10 MONARCH inventory domains is explained and elaborated with the aid of references from published literature and hypothetical clinical situations. The MONARCH total score can range from −6 to +13; within that range, an arithmetic total of +6 is available from the scores of four critical domains, which should be given prominence in the overall consideration of causality. In reporting a clinical case, great importance should be placed on the narrative of the MONARCH evaluation process, domain by domain.

Conclusion The application of MONARCH allows us to evaluate the likelihood of a causal relationship between the intervention and the observed clinical outcomes in successfully treated cases, thereby augmenting their evidentiary value.
Nonfunctioning Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma: A Rare Case Report from Southern Asia
Authors: Hazra Darpanarayan , Chandy Gina Maryann , Chakraborty Indranil , Ghosh Amit
Published: December 2024

Ectopic pituitary adenoma (EPA) is an extraordinarily rare condition characterized by the presence of a pituitary adenoma outside the intrasellar region. Although EPA may share similarities with typical pituitary adenomas in morphology, radiological findings, immunohistochemistry, and hormonal activity, it can present with either nonspecific or specific endocrine symptoms. A 37-year-old female school teacher with persistent and worsening headaches underwent neuroimaging, which revealed a sizable extra-axial solid mass in the right parasellar region, extending into the cavernous sinus, base of the skull, and sphenoid sinus. This mass was initially indicative of a cavernous sinus meningioma. Laboratory investigations, including a pituitary hormone profile, yielded normal results. Despite the lack of typical symptoms, the patient underwent an elective right temporal craniotomy and subtotal tumor resection, which exposed both extra-axial and intra-axial components. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the presence of a pituitary adenoma with atypical features. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well, and adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery was used to address the residual lesion. During the 1-year follow-up, the patient remained free of symptoms. This case highlights the diagnostic complexities associated with nonfunctioning EPAs and underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and sustained patient well-being.
The thermal conductivity of two-dimensional metallic systems
Authors: Gurzhi R. N. , Rutkevich S. B.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that the thermal conductivity of a two-dimensional metallic system, unlike that of an ordinary three-dimensional metal, is determined by the momentum rather than the energy relaxation of the electrons on the phonons. Under certain conditions, when the electron-electron and electron-impurity collisions can be neglected, the thermal conductivity coefficient is anomalously large, and depends on the temperature in an unusual fashion.
Distribution of internal magnetic fields in spin glasses
Authors: Moskalenko V. A. , Skafaru V. V.
Published: December 2024

We have studied the Ising model of a spin glass at zero temperature on the basis of the model of Sherington and Kirkpatrick. We have shown the existence of a large number of local minima in the system considered. We have obtained the distribution of internal magnetic fields in spin glasses. It is shown that this distribution has a Gaussian shape with interference terms belonging to various sites.
Anisotropy of quantum oscillations of the sound absorption coefficient in tin
Authors: Vasil’ev A. N. , Nurmagambetov A. A.
Published: December 2024

A contactless method is used to investigate the quantum oscillations of the absorption coefficient for transverse sound with different polarizations in tin. A model is proposed, according to which the anisotropy of the observed oscillations is determined by the anisotropy of the conductivity of the metal in the plane perpendicular to the constant magnetic field.
Low-temperature electrical resistance of alloys with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions
Authors: Kourov N. I. , Tsiovkin Yu. N. , Volkenshtein N. V.
Published: December 2024

The electrical resistance of the alloys (PdxPt1-x)3Fe and Pt3MnxFe1-x has been investigated in the region of the concentration phase transition from the antiferromagnetic state (x = 0) into the ferromagnetic state (x = 1). It is shown that at low temperatures (specifically, in the region 2–20 °K) the electrical resistance does not contain a magnetic contribution. The temperature-dependent part of the resistivity ρ, along with the phonon component, contains terms that are proportional to T2 and T1/2. The latter is due to the interference of the electron-electron interaction and the elastic scattering of the conduction electrons from the static inhomogeneities [B. L. Aľtshuler and A. G. Aronov, Sov. Phys. JETP 50, 968 (1979)]. The effect of the ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transition on the concentration dependence of the residual electrical resistance is discussed.
A multiphonon theory of the kinetic processes in amorphous dielectrics
Authors: Flerov V. N. , Trakhtenberg L. I.
Published: December 2024

The leading mechanism that determines the temperature dependences of thermal conductivity, the attenuation of ultrasound and renormalization of its velocity is that of phonon scattering from two-level systems which are specific to all glasses. Such scattering is accompanied by tunneling of a heavy particle. This process is described by means of a multiphonon mechanism of fluctuational formation of a barrier. In this case the parameters of the theory undergo strong renormalization and all of the temperature dependences mentioned above become nonmonotonic, e.g., the ultrasonic damping passes through a maximum at T1 ∼ 5–10 °K, a minimum at T2 ≥ 10 °K, and a second maximum at T3 > 50 °K.
Formation of a step on the surface of a crystal as a result of the emergence of an edge dislocation from the bulk and growth-step motion on the surface of a quantum crystal
Authors: Kosevich A. M. , Kosevich Yu. A.
Published: December 2024

The formation of a step on the surface of a crystal as a result of the emergence of an edge dislocation is discussed. The description of the dislocation in the theory of elasticity is shown to be consistent with the description of the step in the theory of surface tension. It has been established that a step on the surface can break off, ending in a screw dislocation that emerges on the surface: when discussing the processes of the formation of steps on a surface it is necessary to take account of a reaction of the step ⇄ dislocation type.

Attention is drawn to the fact that the crystallization-melting wave can be represented as the directed motion of a large number of growth steps on the surface of the quantum crystal.

The dynamics of steps has been considered and the effective mass of an individual step has been calculated. A correction has been found to the dispersion relation for Andreev–Parshin surface waves.
Spin diffusion in spin-polarized quantum crystals
Authors: Piradashvili I. N.
Published: December 2024

Within the framework of the Hubbard model with an almost half-filled energy band we consider the scattering of a delocalized vacancy (vacancion) from spin fluctuation in a completely polarized system. For a simple cubic lattice and a planar square lattice we have obtained the exact value of the scattering amplitude. For “inelastic” scattering (with a shift of the flipped spin) the cross section in the long-wave limit of the three-dimensional problem does not depend on the quasimomentum of the vacancion. In the two-dimensional case the “υ−1 law” is satisfied for the cross sections. For the case of vacancion scattering from an isotopic impurity we show that bound states can exist.

The temperature dependence of the spin diffusion coefficient is explained for the case of thermally activated vacancies and for low temperatures with a given vacancy concentration.
One-dimensional spin glass with large-radius oscillating interaction
Authors: Ioffe L. B. , Feigeľman M. V.
Published: December 2024

We consider the model of a spin glass with the interactions SiVijSj, Vij = γ cos(qrij)e−γrij. This model is equivalent to the problem of a charge-density wave being pinned by the potential of interaction with an impurity, V = T In cosh[T−1 2ρ cos(φ + qxi)], where φ is the phase and xi is the position of the impurity. Investigation of the pinning of such a charge-density wave at times much longer and much shorter than the time of the pinning breaking has made it possible to obtain the physical quantities (specific heat and susceptibility) of the initial model of spin glass.

In the region of the lowest temperatures the susceptibility depends strongly on the time of the measurement, is constant in the “field cooling” regime, and vanishes exponentially [exp( − 2πγT−)] with the usual measuring technique.