bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bactericidal activity of Myrrh extracts and two dosage forms against standard bacterial strains and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates with GC/MS profiling
Authors: Khalil Noha , Fikry Sahar , Salama Osama
Published: January 2020

Myrrh is the resinous exudate obtained by the incision in Commiphora molmol trees (Family Burseraceae). The bactericidal activity of its hexane extract was compared to its essential oil (MEO) using viable count technique against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa). MEO exhibited a better activity with > 99.999% killing of both tested strains after 2 h contact time. MEO was tested using the same technique against four multidrug resistant isolates: S. aureus (MRSA, sputum), Escherichia coli (E. coli, urine), Ps. aeruginosa (wound) and Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia, sputum). Highest bactericidal activity was observed against Ps. aeruginosa while lowest was against K. pneumonia (99.59 and 54.04% killing, respectively after 2 h contact time). A cream and mouthwash were formulated using 5% v/v MEO. The cream showed a better activity against Ps. aeruginosa than S. aureus (95.11 and 86.76% killing, respectively after 2 h contact time). The in vitro treatment of ca 107 CFU/ml S. aureus cells suspended in 10% saliva with the mouthwash produced ca 46% killing within the first 15 min reaching ca 99.999% after 30 min. Cytotoxic studies of both the essential oil and hexane extract on human liver cancer (Hep G2), human breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116) revealed a promising in vitro activity. Highest activity was recorded for the essential oil on MCF-7 with IC50 10.93 ± 0.32 μg/ml. GC/MS analysis allowed the identification of 17 and 9 compounds representing 92.01 and 99.99% of the hexane extract and essential oil, respectively. Furano-eudesma-1,3-diene (15.99%) and 2-acetoxy-furano-diene (26.82%) were the major identified compounds in the hexane extract and essential oil, respectively. These results indicate that Myrrh essential oil is a promising antibacterial and cytotoxic agent that can be formulated in suitable dosage forms.
Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome in a female pediatric patient with trisomy 21: a case report
Authors: Gupta Jyotsna , Lin-Su Karen
Published: January 2020

Background

Children with hypothyroidism typically present with delayed growth and development, but on rare occasions can present with signs of precocious puberty. This presentation is called Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome. Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome has seldom been described in patients with trisomy 21.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 4-year-old girl with trisomy 21, who recently moved to the United States from Guyana, and presented to the emergency room with recurrent vaginal bleeding. She was eventually diagnosed with hypothyroidism and Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome. She was noted to have Tanner I breasts and pubic hair. A pelvic ultrasound was performed, which showed a simple cyst in the right adnexa. Subsequent laboratory evaluation revealed a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of > 150 mIU/ml along with low free thyroxine of 0.3 ng/dl, suggesting longstanding untreated hypothyroidism. Estradiol and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were elevated. Bone age was delayed. The patient was diagnosed with Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome and was started on levothyroxine therapy with subsequent resolution of vaginal bleeding. Estradiol and AFP both normalized after initiating levothyroxine therapy.

Conclusion

This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing the presence of precocious puberty, delayed bone age and ovarian cyst as a manifestation of primary hypothyroidism. In addition, it highlights the need for thyroid function screening in patients with Trisomy 21. Tumor markers may be elevated in Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome with subsequent normalization after treatment.
The aerodynamics of voiced stop closures
Authors: Jesus Luis M. T. , Costa Maria Conceição
Published: January 2020

Experimental data combining complementary measures based on the oral airflow signal is presented in this paper, exploring the view that European Portuguese voiced stops are produced in a similar fashion to Germanic languages. Four Portuguese speakers were recorded producing a corpus of nine isolated words with /b, d, ɡ/ in initial, medial and final word position, and the same nine words embedded in 39 different sentences. Slope of the stop release (SLP), voice onset time (VOT), release and stop durations and steady-state oral airflow amplitude characteristics preceding and following the stop were analysed. Differences between independent groups (three different places of articulation and two vowel contexts) and correlations between variables were studied; generalised linear mixed effects models were developed to study the effects of VOT, SLP and the factors place of articulation and vowel context on the mean oral airflow. A classification of stop’s voicing was automatically extracted. Both SLP (p= .013) and VOT (p= .014) were significantly different for the three places of articulation. Weak voicing was observed for 57% of the stops. It is hypothesised that the high percentages of weakly voiced stops are a consequence of passive voicing and that the feature of contrast in Portuguese is privative [spread glottis].
Investigation of post-therapeutic image-based thyroid dosimetry using quantitative SPECT/CT, iodine biokinetics, and the MIRD’s voxel S values in Graves’ disease
Authors: Fujita Naotoshi , Koshiba Yumiko , Abe Shinji , Kato Katsuhiko
Published: January 2020

Background

Before radioiodine therapy for Graves’ disease, the estimated thyroid-absorbed dose is calculated based on various clinical parameters. However, the actual accumulation of iodine in the thyroid during radioiodine therapy is not determined. We validated the feasibility of post-therapeutic image-based thyroid dosimetry through quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and thyroid biokinetics and expanding the Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee’s (MIRD) voxel dosimetry guidelines.

Methods

Forty-three patients with Graves’ disease who underwent radioiodine therapy were chosen as subjects for this retrospective analysis. We acquired patients’ SPECT images 24 h after oral administration. SPECT images were quantified using system volume sensitivity to calculate time-integrated activity coefficients on a voxel basis. Absorbed dose was obtained by convolving MIRD guideline voxel S values with time-integrated activity coefficients. To determine accuracy, we compared the results obtained using the post-therapeutic image-based absorbed-dose method (D̅image,PVC) with absorbed doses calculated using the method described by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (pre-therapeutic method; DEANM).

Results

Using image-based dosimetry as post-therapeutic dosimetry, we visualized the local accumulation and absorbed dose distribution of iodine in the thyroid. Furthermore, we determined a strong correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.89) between both dosimetries, using the regression equation: D̅image,PVC = 0.94 × DEANM + 1.35.

Conclusion

Post-therapeutic image-based doses absorbed in the thyroid resembled those of pre-therapeutic EANM method-based absorbed doses. Additionally, the post-therapeutic image-based method had the advantage of visualizing thyroid iodine distribution, thus determining local dose distributions at the time of treatment. From these points, we propose that post-therapeutic image-based dosimetry could provide an alternative to standard pre-therapeutic dosimetry to evaluate dose response.
Arterial communication around the pancreatic tail enabled division of the gastroduodenal artery during pancreaticoduodenectomy in patient with complete celiac artery occlusion: a case report
Authors: Oikawa Ryo , Ito Kyoji , Takemura Nobuyuki , Mihara Fuminori , Kokudo Norihiro
Published: January 2020

Background

Stenosis or obstruction of the celiac artery (CA) is known as celiac artery stenosis (CAS) and is usually accompanied by the formation of arterial anastomosis between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) system and the CA system. Arterial bypass is mainly achieved through the gastroduodenal artery (GDA); therefore, the division of the GDA during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) could pose a problem in patients with CAS.

Case presentation

We reported a case of PD presenting complete occlusion of the CA, in which perfusion to organs in the CA system was maintained via peri-pancreatic arterial communication. There were complicated arterial anastomoses around the pancreas, which were clearly visualized on a three-dimensional reconstruction of the arterial system using multi-detector computed tomography. Among these complicated anastomoses, one well-developed anastomosis between the SMA and the splenic artery through the dorsal pancreatic artery (DPA) was identified. The DPA was considered to work as a potential collateral pathway from the SMA to organs in the CA system after division of the GDA. During surgery, Doppler ultrasonography detected hepatopetal arterial flow even after the GDA clamping; therefore, we performed typical PD with division of the GDA. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful, and there was no sign of ischemic complications in the CA system organs including the liver, stomach or spleen.

Conclusions

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the arterial system using multi-detector computed tomography and the intraoperative GDA clamping test were useful to determine whether it was possible to divide the GDA in PD, in the case of CAS.
A case of resected primary pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma with long-term survival after multidisciplinary treatment
Authors: Iijima Yoshihito , Nakajima Yuki , Kinoshita Hiroyasu , Kurihara Yasuyuki , Nishimura Yu , Iizuka Toshihiko , Akiyama Hirohiko , Hirata Tomomi
Published: January 2020

Background

Generally, primary pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma is resistant to treatment and has a poor prognosis. We report a case of resected primary pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma with long-term survival after multidisciplinary treatment.

Case presentation

A 74-year-old man with a history of emphysema, pneumoconiosis, and chronic bronchitis presented with left lung nodule and left adrenal tumor based on computed tomography. We suspected clinical T1bN0M1b, stage IVB lung cancer. Adrenalectomy of the left adrenal tumor yielded a definitive diagnosis of pleomorphic carcinoma. Chemotherapy was performed despite the spontaneous regression of lung lesions. Since lung lesions re-enlarged 11 months after adrenalectomy, the left lower lobe was partially resected followed by chemotherapy. The lung lesion was the primary lesion of the adrenal tumor. There was no recurrence 100 months after the lung resection.

Conclusions

The patient experienced long-term survival after multidisciplinary treatment. Both multidisciplinary treatment and immunological mechanisms caused spontaneous regression of the primary lesion.
The Rate of Infectious Complications After Intrathecal Drug Delivery System Implant for Cancer-Related Pain Is Low Despite Frequent Concurrent Anticancer Treatment or Leukopenia
Authors: Sindt Jill E. , Larsen Steven D. , Dalley Andrew P. , Collier Willem H. , Brogan Shane E.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:

The efficacy of intrathecal drug delivery (IDD) for cancer-related pain is well established. Cancer therapies are often associated with immunosuppression and increased risk of infection, and the rate of infection after intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) implant in cancer patients has been reported as 2.4%–6.3%. Our objective is to report on the rate of surgical site infections (SSI) in patients implanted with IDDS for cancer-related pain and to provide a data-driven discussion on the relationship between antineoplastic treatment, leukopenia, and other clinical or demographic characteristics and SSI.

METHODS:

Following local institutional review board approval, we conducted a retrospective chart review of IDDS implants from May 2014 through December 2018. Data collected included demographic data, health status, prophylactic antibiotic administration, surgery duration, presence of leukopenia (white blood cell [WBC] count of <4.0 K/µL) or moderate neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] of <1000/μL) within the 30 days before IDDS implant, and details of antineoplastic treatment or systemic corticosteroid use in the perioperative period. This information was assessed in relation to SSI incidence up to 6 months following implant.

RESULTS:

Two hundred seventeen IDDS implants were identified. A majority of patients (79.3%) received ≥1 form of antineoplastic therapy within 30 days before or after implant, and 42.4% received multiple forms of antineoplastic therapy. Therapies included chemotherapy in 46.5%, immunotherapy in 28.6%, systemic steroids in 32.3%, and radiation therapy in 28.1%. One-quarter of patients (25.8%) were leukopenic within 30 days before implant, with 3.2% having moderate neutropenia. There were 2 infectious complications representing an infection rate of 0.9% (95% CI, 0.1%–3.3%), with limited shared characteristics between those experiencing SSI.

CONCLUSIONS:

SSI risk after IDDS placement for cancer pain is low, despite frequent concurrent antineoplastic therapy and leukopenia in the perioperative period. Concomitant cancer therapies should not be a barrier to the implementation of IDD for cancer pain.
Differential Regulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Ibrahim Shaimaa I. A. , Strong Judith A. , Qualls Katherine A. , Ulrich-Lai Yvonne M. , Zhang Jun-Ming
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:

Anti-inflammatory corticosteroids are a common treatment for different conditions involving chronic pain and inflammation. Clinically used steroids target the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) for its anti-inflammatory effects. We previously reported that GR in sensory neurons may play central roles in some pain models and that GR immunoreactivity signal in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) decreased after local inflammation of the DRG (a model of low back pain). In the current study, we aimed to determine if similar changes in GR signal also exist in a skin inflammation model, the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) model (a model of peripheral inflammatory pain), in which the terminals of the sensory neurons rather than the somata are inflamed.

METHODS:

A low dose of CFA was injected into the hind paw to establish the peripheral inflammation model in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes, as confirmed by measurements of behavior and paw swelling. Immunohistochemical and western blotting techniques were used to determine the expression pattern of the GR in the inflamed hind paw and the DRGs. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured with radioimmunoassay.

RESULTS:

The immunohistochemical staining revealed that GR is widely expressed in the normal DRG and skin tissues. Paw injection with CFA caused upregulation of the GR in the skin tissue on postinjection day 1, mostly detected in the dermis area. However, paw inflammation significantly reduced the GR signal in the L5 DRG 1 day after the injection. The GR downregulation was still evident 14 days after CFA inflammation. On day 1, western blotting confirmed this downregulation and showed that it could also be observed in the contralateral L5 DRG, as well as in the L2 DRG (a level which does not innervate the paw). Plasma corticosterone levels were elevated in both sexes on day 14 after CFA compared to day 1, suggesting autologous downregulation of the GR by corticosterone may have contributed to the downregulation observed on day 14 but not day 1.

CONCLUSIONS:

There are distinctive patterns of GR activation under different pain conditions, depending on the anatomical location. The observed downregulation of the GR in sensory neurons may have a significant impact on the use of steroids as treatment in these conditions and on the regulatory effects of endogenous glucocorticoids.
Sudan after Revolt
Authors: Elsheikh Elsadig
Published: January 2020

After more than four months of constant demonstrations, the Sudanese popular uprising, begun on December 19, 2018, and led by the Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA), forced the high-ranking generals of the Sudanese Armed Forces to side with the protestors in removing the dictatorial regime of Omar al-Bashir on April 11, 2019. The SPA developed new tactics for organizing and mobilizing the masses in the face of crippling public fear to put an end to thirty years of al-Bashir's dictatorship. However, the peaceful revolution has yet to declare its final victory and finds itself facing a major enemy, the Transitional Military Council (TMC), which intends to maintain the status quo ante. This essay asks: can Sudanese civil society challenge the TMC and lead the country out of autocracy, achieving genuine democratization, or will the TMC cut short such transformation?
PAN
Authors: Taylor Jane
Published: January 2020

In this text, the script of a performance/lecture, which combines live puppetry, digital film, and a lecture, is paired with a prefatory essay that seeks to address the theoretical questions raised by the play about embodiment, mind, AI, and the staging of consciousness. The play was performed at the Centre for the Less Good Idea, an arts laboratory, in Maboneng, Johannesburg, South Africa, in October 2018. In the play, two characters stand in as the early pioneers of primate research, Wolfgang Köhler (an early Gestalt psychologist) and Jane Goodall, whose observational fieldwork shifted primate studies profoundly. These two distinctive intellects advanced the commitment of the human species to work toward the preservation of, and engagement with, higher primates and in such ways altered our apprehension of the limits of the human through a challenge posed by our closest nonhuman kin. The play also explores the research of Norbert Wiener, the pioneer of the field of cybernetics (a term that he invented). Wiener inaugurated the massive proliferation of research into “feedback” theory, which he saw as fundamental to mechanic intelligence. In such terms, Wiener too was thinking about the limits of the human. The play introduces some discussion of artistic responses to these fields of inquiry through exploring the writings of Samuel Beckett and J. M. Coetzee. The play also addresses ethical questions about the uses of research. Both Wiener and Köhler used their work on the humanities in order to address our obligation to the human. At the same time, the play addresses our relations to those who, for reasons of ideology, “fall” outside of our definitions of the fully human. Much of the persuasive power of the work arises from the uncanny performances and in particular the staging of a life-sized wooden chimpanzee puppet. In this sense, the work makes an argument about meaning as embodied.
Visorama, a entrevista
Authors: Quinderé Natália , Reinaldim Ivair , Mosqueira Bernardo , Baltar Brígida , Hamburger Alex , Rennó Rosângela , Basbaum Ricardo , Soares Valeska , André Marcus , Coimbra Eduardo , Guagliardi Carla , Modé João , Cunha Analu , Moreira Maria , Ramos Márcia
Published: January 2020

Entrevista com os participantes do grupo Visorama feita por Natália Quinderé, Ivair Reinaldim e Bernardo Mosqueira.
Notas sobre a interface em Harun Farocki e Robert Rauschenberg
Authors: Bergamaschi Alessandra
Published: January 2020

O artigo aborda a reflexão de Harun Farocki sobre as conversões – ou interfaces – entre o mundo e as imagens técnicas, tema crucial na década de 1990 devido à convergência entre novas mídias, arte e cinema. Propomos, a partir disso, uma digressão histórica sobre os sinais dessas conversões na obra de Robert Rauschenberg na passagem entre modernismo e pós-modernidade.
A relação entre estrutura e espontaneidade no teatro de Jerzy Grotowski
Authors: Piva Bruno
Published: January 2020

Este artigo verifica a relação entre estrutura e espontaneidade proposta por Jerzy Grotowski, que apresenta intersecções congruentes para o trabalho do ator teatral. São introduzidas experiências prático-teóricas que permitem explorar a relação entre esses dois termos, a fim de procurar contribuir para a aprendizagem de atores na busca da eficácia em sua composição artística.
Aby Warburg: a astrologia como instrumento de orientação do homem no cosmos
Authors: Fernandes Cássio Da Silva
Published: January 2020

Discussão sobre o conjunto de textos do historiador da arte Aby Warburg (1866-1929) sobre o tema da astrologia do Renascimento, num arco temporal que vai de 1908 a 1929, considerando sua problemática histórico-cultural, bem como buscando compreender sua intenção de investigar o tema astrológico como instrumento de orientação do homem no cosmos.
Para além do corpo moderno
Authors: Do Vale Lilian
Published: January 2020

Buscando ir além da crítica às representações do corpo predominantes na Modernidade, o presente artigo recorre ao Perí psychés, texto em que Aristóteles apresenta sua teoria da unidade do corpo e da alma, para  sugerir a possibilidade de superação formal dessa dualidade; mas busca, em seguida, na verve foucaultiana os termos de uma reflexão sobre as tensões que marcam as experiências do corpo em um continuum que vai da negação à presença.
Como escrever o futuro – Roberto Pontual e a arte contemporânea no Brasil
Authors: Reis Paulo
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a construção de narrativas históricas da arte contemporânea brasileira a partir dos projetos editoriais Dicionário das Artes Plásticas do Brasil (1969) e Revista de Cultura Vozes Arte/Brasil/Hoje (1970) ambos de autoria do crítico Roberto Pontual. Por meio da análise desses projetos pretende-se discernir diferentes caminhos, estratégias e opções historiográficas da arte brasileira.
Procissão
Authors: Braga Nathan
Published: January 2020

O tríptico apresentado atravessa claramente as noções de tempo e da experiência da morte enquanto potência que não se cumpriu. Na literatura e filosofia francesa existe a expressão “fuite du temps” que pode ser traduzida como “fuga do tempo”. Aqui, o artista propõe a dilatação do tempo como celebração da memória, de forma que as fotografias, originalmente de festas de aniversário, constroem uma narrativa que mistura signos festivos com signos fúnebres e olhares distantes, premonitórios. Todos os relógios marcam o mesmo horário: 06:40h. Essa é a hora que consta no atestado de óbito da mãe do artista, que veio a falecer um mês depois do aniversário de 7 anos dele, representado no terceiro relógio, o relógio com o vidro quebrado. Procissão provém de “procedere”: “para ir adiante”.
Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements of sleep
Authors: O'Regan David , Anderson Kirstie N
Published: January 2020

Restless legs syndrome describes a curious need to stretch and move in response to an unpleasant feeling in the legs. For most people who have this, as they are drifting off to sleep there is a twitch of the toe, foot and ankle followed by another and then another. The limb movements are strikingly periodic and are described as such by frustrated bed partners. The pathophysiology remains debated but is likely to involve dopaminergic dysfunction and ascending arousal systems.

Despite a prevalence of 5–10% in the general population, the variable nature of symptoms and difficulty describing the dysaesthesia often leads to delay in treatment. This article outlines the diagnostic criteria, medication and comorbidities that modify symptoms, the impact of restless legs syndrome on health, and symptomatic management. Several licensed therapies are effective but the dopamine agonists in particular can cause challenging side effects and paradoxically worsen symptoms over time. Case histories are reviewed to guide physicians.
Artificial intelligence and melanoma detection: friend or foe of dermatologists?
Authors: Charalambides Maria , Singh Sonal
Published: January 2020

The significance of early diagnosis for melanoma prognosis and survival cannot be understated. The public health benefits of melanoma prevention and detection have driven advances in diagnostics for skin cancer, particularly in the field of artificial intelligence. Evaluating the benefits and limitations of artificial intelligence in dermatology is paramount to its future development and clinical application.
Cattle Review
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

In this, the first Cattle Review of the new decade, we consider three open access papers on the likely effectiveness of the TB control and eradication programme in Ireland, BVDV transmission in extensively grazed beef cattle, and farmers' awareness of hypomagnesaemia in UK cattle and sheep and the measures taken to prevent and control the condition.
Equine Review
Authors: McGovern Kate
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

this edition of Equine Review looks at a Chinese herbal supplement for gastric disease; medical-grade honey for wounds; primary hyperparathyroidism; and use of intravenous non-sterile fluids.
A teologia negativa entre Pseudo-Dionísio Areopagita e Mestre Eckhart
Authors: Dourado Saulo Matias
Published: January 2020

A tradição do pensamento místico se remete às origens da Idade Média, quando os textos platônicos são lidos por mestres cristãos. Pseudo-Dionísio Areopagita, autor da Teologia Mística, é um dos continuadores do neoplatonismo pelo viés religioso e, nesta obra, trata do princípio de negação que compreende Deus apenas pelas negações do que Ele não é. Em Mestre Eckhart, a questão sobre a natureza divina se torna também uma compreensão sobre o ser que transcende para o não-ser. O mestre renano desenvolve a partir das bases da teologia negativa e propõe uma ontologia a partir do conceito de deidade (Gottheit), que trata o Uno retirado de todo e qualquer forma a ponto de identificar-se com o próprio Nada. Palavras-chave: Teologia Negativa, Pseudo-Dionísio Areopagita, Eckhart, Mística Cristã Medieval, Nada.
Tomás de Aquino - "Comentário às sentenças de Pedro Lombardo", Livro II, distinção 1, questão 1, artigo 5
Authors: Verza Tadeu Mazzola
Published: January 2020

Apresenta-se aqui uma tradução do Comentário às Sentenças de Pedro Lombardo, de Tomás de Aquino, mais especificamente do Livro II, distinção 1, questão 1, art. 5. Neste texto Tomás dedica-se à discussão sobre a possibilidade do mundo ser eterno, tema recorrentemente tratado por ele e que tem uma solução mais original no opúsculo De aeternitate mundi.  A importância do texto está não apenas na mobilização dos argumentos, cuja diversidade rivaliza com a da Suma contra os gentios, mas também porque se trata da primeira vez que Tomás aborda o assunto. O que chama a atenção nele é a proximidade de Tomás a Maimônides quanto ao estatuto das provas relativas à eternidade e à criação. Tomás usa da parábola do menino na ilha do Guia dos perplexos II.17 para, assim como Maimônides, sustentar que tais teses não são cientificamente demonstráveis, uma vez que do estado perfeito e acabado de algo não se tem conhecimento de seu estado anterior. O que é digno de nota é que apesar de Tomás manter esta posição, a parábola não é usada em nenhum outro momento de suas obras, com exceção de uma reportatio do final de sua vida, a Expositio in Symbolum Apostolorum. Destaca-se, no entanto, uma diferença: enquanto para Maimônides a parábola dizia respeito à limitação da razão humana, Tomás via os filósofos defensores da eternidade do mundo na figura do menino e julgava que o que eles cometiam era um erro.
Tomás de Aquino e a crítica à cosmologia de Varrão: notas sobre a relação entre anima mundi e idolatria
Authors: Dos Santos Evaniel Brás
Published: January 2020

Este estudo apresenta como Tomás de Aquino ao ler a cosmologia de Varrão encontra justificativa cosmológica para o culto da alma do mundo (anima mundi), o que o autor entende como uma prática idolátrica. Para tanto, o texto analisa a articulação tomista entre as noções de divindade, anima mundi e culto. Mais precisamente, é evidenciado que, para Tomás, a forma cósmica não é idêntica com o divino, razão pela qual o culto da anima mundi prestado por Varrão e os romanos se configura como uma falha da razão natural.
Do Arco-Íris ou Arco Celeste (Mestres Jesuitas Conimbricenses) e Sobre o Arco-íris (Descartes)
Authors: Ramos José Portugal Dos Santos , Bloise Bruna Frascolla
Published: January 2020

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Parametric optimization of visible wavelength gold lattice geometries for improved plasmon-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Norville Casey A. , Smith Kyle Z. , Dawson Jeremy M.
Published: January 2020

We report the exploitation of spectroplasmonics for innovations in optical transducer development, specifically in the well-established application of labeled fluorescent analytes known as fluorescence spectroscopy. Presented herein are comprehensive analyses of nanoscale plasmonic lattice feature geometries using finite-difference time-domain software to determine the largest surface electric (

E

) field enhancement resulting from localized surface plasmon resonance for reducing the limit of detection of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence. This parametric optimization of the critical dimensions of the plasmon resonance of noble metal nanostructures will enable improved excitation and emission enhancement of fluorophores used in visible wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy.
Deep learning segmentation for optical coherence tomography measurements of the lower tear meniscus
Authors: Stegmann Hannes , Werkmeister René M. , Pfister Martin , Garhöfer Gerhard , Schmetterer Leopold , dos Santos Valentin Aranha
Published: January 2020

The tear meniscus contains most of the tear fluid and therefore is a good indicator for the state of the tear film. Previously, we used a custom-built optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to study the lower tear meniscus by automatically segmenting the image data with a thresholding-based segmentation algorithm (TBSA). In this report, we investigate whether the results of this image segmentation algorithm are suitable to train a neural network in order to obtain similar or better segmentation results with shorter processing times. Considering the class imbalance problem, we compare two approaches, one directly segmenting the tear meniscus (DSA), the other first localizing the region of interest and then segmenting within the higher resolution image section (LSA). A total of 6658 images labeled by the TBSA were used to train deep convolutional neural networks with supervised learning. Five-fold cross-validation reveals a sensitivity of 96.36% and 96.43%, a specificity of 99.98% and 99.86% and a Jaccard index of 93.24% and 93.16% for the DSA and LSA, respectively. Average segmentation times are up to 228 times faster than the TBSA. Additionally, we report the behavior of the DSA and LSA in cases challenging for the TBSA and further test the applicability to measurements acquired with a commercially available OCT system. The application of deep learning for the segmentation of the tear meniscus provides a powerful tool for the assessment of the tear film, supporting studies for the investigation of the pathophysiology of dry eye-related diseases.
Laser-fabricated axicons challenging the conventional optics in glass processing applications
Authors: Dudutis Juozas , Pipiras Jokūbas , Schwarz Simon , Rung Stefan , Hellmann Ralf , Račiukaitis Gediminas , Gečys Paulius
Published: January 2020

Laser-based fabrication can be an alternative technology to mechanical grinding and polishing processes. However, the performance of these elements in real applications still needs to be validated. In this paper, we demonstrate that the subtractive fabrication technology is able to produce high-quality axicons from fused silica, which can be efficiently used for glass processing. We comprehensively investigate axicons, fabricated by ultrashort pulsed laser ablation with subsequent CO2 laser polishing, and compare their performance with commercially available axicons. We show that laser-fabricated axicons are comparable in quality with a precision commercial axicon. Furthermore, we demonstrate the intra-volume glass modification and dicing, utilising mJ-level laser pulses. We show that the tilting operation of the laser-fabricated axicons results in the formation of directional transverse cracks, which significantly enhance the 1 mm-thick glass dicing process.
Carrier mobility of silicon by sub-bandgap time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Magnanelli Timothy J. , Heilweil Edwin J.
Published: January 2020

Low density charge mobility from below bandgap, two-photon photoexcitation of bulk silicon (Si) is interrogated using time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS). Total charge mobility is measured as a function of excitation frequency and fluence (charge carrier density), cut angle, and innate doping levels. Frequency dependent complex photoconductivities are extracted using the Drude model to obtain average and DC-limit mobility and carrier scattering times. These dynamic parameters are compared to values from contact-based Hall, above bandgap photoexcitation, and comparable gallium arsenide (GaAs) measurements. Mobilities are shown to increase beyond Hall values at low carrier densities and are modestly higher with increasing dopant density. The former occurs in part from below bandgap photoexcitation exhibiting abnormally small (faster) scattering times, while both reflect unique conduction characteristics at lowest (> 2x1012 cm−3) carrier densities achieved through photodoping.
Single-axis soliton molecule and multiple solitons generation from a vector fiber laser
Authors: Wu Zhichao , Wei Qian , Huang Pan , Luo Dapeng , Zhang Xiangli , Fu Songnian , Zhao Luming , Liu Deming , Shum Ping , Huang Tianye
Published: January 2020

We investigate various patterns of vector solitons arising in a passively mode-locked fiber laser based on semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). By properly adjusting the cavity parameters including the pump power and intra-cavity birefringence, the fundamental vector solitons, vector soliton molecules, and macroscopic vector solitons can be separately observed. In particular, both vector soliton molecule and macroscopic vector solitons exhibit multi-pulse structure along one polarization axis while there occurs single pulse profile at its orthogonal polarization component. Thus, they can be treated as “1 + 2” and “1+n” vector solitons. Moreover, the size of the macroscopic solitons can be manipulated from half of the cavity to even the whole cavity. The generation mechanisms of these vector soliton patterns are also investigated.
Esophageal Hypervigilance and Visceral Anxiety Are Contributors to Symptom Severity Among Patients Evaluated With High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry
Authors: Carlson Dustin A. , Gyawali C. Prakash , Roman Sabine , Vela Marcelo , Taft Tiffany H. , Crowell Michael D. , Ravi Karthik , Triggs Joseph R. , Quader Farhan , Prescott Jacqueline , Lin Frederick T. J. , Mion Francois , Biasutto Dario , Keefer Laurie , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Symptoms are inconsistently associated with esophageal motor findings on high-resolution manometry (HRM). We aimed to evaluate predictors of dysphagia severity, including esophageal hypervigilance and visceral anxiety, among patients evaluated with HRM.

METHODS:

Adult patients undergoing HRM at 4 academic medical centers (United States and France) were prospectively evaluated. HRM was completed and analyzed per the Chicago Classification v3.0. Validated symptom scores, including the Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire and Esophageal Hypervigilance and Anxiety Scale, were completed at the time of HRM.

RESULTS:

Two hundred thirty-six patients, aged 18–85 (mean 53) years, 65% female, were included. Approximately 59 (25%) patients had a major motor disorder on HRM: 19 achalasia, 24 esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, 12 absent contractility, and 4 jackhammer. Approximately 177 (75%) patients did not have a major motor disorder: 71 ineffective esophageal motility and 106 normal motility. Having a major motor disorder was a significant predictor of dysphagia severity (R2adj = 0.049, P < 0.001), but the Esophageal Hypervigilance and Anxiety Scale score carried a predictive relationship of Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire that was 2-fold higher than having a major motor disorder: R2adj = 0.118 (P < 0.001). This finding remained when evaluated by the major motor disorder group. HRM metrics were nonsignificant.

DISCUSSION:

In a prospective, international multicenter study, we found that esophageal hypervigilance and visceral anxiety were the strongest predictors of dysphagia severity among patients evaluated with HRM. Thus, an assessment of esophageal hypervigilance and visceral anxiety is important to incorporate when evaluating symptom severity in clinical practice and research studies.
Quo Vadis Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Kebijakan Kabupaten Layak Anak (KLA) Sleman
Authors: Haq Muhammad Izzul
Published: January 2020

Pada tahun 2011, Kementerian Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuandan Perlindungan Anak (Kemenneg PPPA) menginisiasi Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak (KLA) sebagai suatu sistem pembangunan berbasis hak anak di level kabupaten atau kota melalui pengintegrasian komitmen dan sumberdaya pemerintah, masyarakat dan dunia usaha yang terencana secara menyeluruh dan berkelanjutan dalam kebijakan, program dan kegiatan untuk menjamin terpenuhinya hak anak. Penelitian dengan mengambil setting keterlibatan masyarakat dalam implementasi mewujudkan Kabupaten Layak Anak (KLA) di Kabupaten Slemanini dimaksudkan sebagai upaya merekam proses peran serta masyarakat dalam upaya-upaya pemenuhan hak anak yang secara kelembagaan diintegrasikan dalam sebuah sistem pembangunan dengan tajuk KLA. Artikel ini melihat bentuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam rangka melihat sejauh mana keberlanjutan kebijakan KLA dengan bertumpu pada aktor masyarakat.
Masjid Umar Bin Khattab (UBK) Magelang: Masjid Mantan Preman, Gerakan Sosial Keagamaan dan Ajarannya
Authors: Yuwono Dandung Budi
Published: January 2020

Era reformasi yang memberikan keterbukaan politik telah diikuti oleh munculnya berbagai gerakan keagamaan, seperti Yayasan Umar Bin Khattab di Kecamatan Grabag, Kabupaten Magelang. Penelitian dengan fokus Yayasan Masid Umar Bin Khattab ini bertujuan mengungkap bagaimana latar belakang sejarah terbentuknya Yayasan Umar Bin Khattab, relasi sosialnya, dan bagaimana pandangan dan sikapnya terhadap nilai-nilai kebangsaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis, sedang metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa Yayasan Masjid Umar Bin Khattab Grabag Magelang dirintis oleh tiga orang preman penguasa Terminal Grabag, yang bergerak dalam kegiatan pengelolaan pendidikan mulai tingkat PAUD, TKIT, SDIT, dan SMPIT, serta memiliki Pondok Pesantren At-Taqwa, Taman Pendidikan Alquran, Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar Miftahul ‘Ilmi, dan unit usaha ekonomi BMT Saudara, Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ), juga Unit Pelayanan Kesehatan. Yayasan Masjid Umar Bin Khattab Grabag Magelang memiliki hubungan dengan berbagai kelompok keagamaan dan Ormas Islam. Sekalipun demikian, meski secara keorganisasian bersikap terbuka tetapi relasi antara Yayasan Masjid Umar Bin Khattab dengan kalangan Nahdliyin di Grabag terkesan tidak harmonis karena adanya ketidaksamaan dalam aspek pengamalan syariat agama (furu’iyah). Jamaah Masjid Umar Bin Khattab termasuk kelompok keagamaan Islam puritan, yang berciri khas menegakkan kembali ajaran Alquran dan Hadits, serta melakukan amar ma’ruf nahi munkar. Antara pembina, ustadz dengan jamaah di akar rumput terdapat perbedaan pandangan dan sikap dalam memaknai  nilai-nilai kebangsaan.
Penerapan Prinsip at-Taradi dalam Akad-akad Muamalat
Authors: Mughits Abdul
Published: January 2020

At-taradi adalah salah satu prinsip dalam akad muamalat, artinya prinsip itu harus terwujud dalam akad. Suatu akad, jika tanpa adanya kerelaan dari kedua belah—bahkan salah satu—pihak maka menjadi batal. Oleh karena itu, urgensinya prinsip ini menghendaki keterwujudannya dapat diketahui oleh semua pihak. Tetapi karena at-taradi itu perbuatan hati, maka bagaimanakah cara menilai at-taradi tersebut, hal-hal apa sajakah yang dapat mendukung terwujudnya dan rusaknya prinsip tersebut? Seberapakah luas cakupan keberlakuan prinsip ini dalam akad-akad muamalat, apakah hanya terbatas dalam akad tijarah saja sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Surat An-Nisa’ ayat 29? Lalu apakah ungkapan kerelaan seseorang dalam melakukan akad terlarang dapat merubah status hukumnya yang asalnya haram menjadi halal, seperti orang berjudi atau utang piutang dengan riba? Pertanyaan-pertanyaan itu adalah content dari tulisan ini.
Program TAMAPAN Untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Keuangan di Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanti Dwi Marlina
Published: January 2020

Peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) semakin besar di Indonesia. Berbagai strategi diterapkan untuk meningkatkan perbaikan dalam pengelolaan keuangan baik di sektor perbankan maupun non perbankan. Salah satu yang belum tersentuh adalah keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam menguatkan Strategi Nasional Literasi Keuangan dari OJK. Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa banyak lulusan sarjana yang masih menganggur. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya lapangan pekerjaan dan ketiadaan modal untuk merintis bisnis (star-up) sebagai solusi memperoleh penghasilan. Hal ini banyak terjadi terutama di masyarakat pedesaan. Dampak jangka panjangnya adalah mereka melakukan pembiayaan melalui rentenir. Melalui program TAMAPAN maka masalah tersebut dapat diatasi. Program TAMAPAN merupakan program yang memberikan fasilitas kepada mahasiswa untuk menyimpan dana yang mereka punya untuk tujuan masa depan dan untuk melakukan pembiayaan selama kuliah. Melalui beberapa produk TAMAPAN berupa tabungan tempat tinggal, tabungan biaya kuliah, tabungan modal usaha, tabungan investasi, dan pembiayaan usaha maka mahasiswa dimudahkan dalam merintis usaha sejak bangku kuliah dan mudah dalam mencukupi kebutuhan di masa yang akan datang setelah menjadi sarjana. Produk tersebut mendorong mahasiswa untuk belajar berinvestasi dan merencanakan dana-dana yang akan dibutuhkan setelah menjadi sarjana. Selain itu, mahasiswa yang memiliki ide usaha maka dapat memulai bisnisnya dengan produk pembiayaan yang disediakan oleh TAMAPAN.  Kesulitan keuangan dapat diatasi dengan program ini.
Reaktualisasi Nilai Pendidikan Islam Melalui Program 3C (Cultivating, Caring and Control) di TPA Masjid Sunan Kalijaga Piji Mertelu Gedangsari Gunung Kidul
Authors: Falah Nailul , Rahayu Tri Wahyuni Sami , Rahayu Estining , Oktaviola Nola Yolanda , Ato'illah Moh. , Rozikin Irkham Syahrul , Utami Fatin Nur , Hidayati Iin , Siswanto Muhamad Irfan Hari , Ramadhani Ari Yudina , Apif Abdul Rochman
Published: January 2020

Penghidupan kembali nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam terhadap anak usia dini dan remaja dikembangkan di Dusun Piji Desa Mertelu Kecamatan Gedangsari Kabupaten Gunung Kidul. Anak-anak di Dusun Piji yang semuanya berstatus sebagai muslim sudah mendapatkan fasilitas belajar yang cukup baik di lingkup sekolah formal. Pada umumnya setiap dusun di desa Mertelu memiliki sekolah agama tambahan bagi anak-anak usia balita hingga menjelang remaja. Sekolah agama tersebut diselenggarakan di setiap masjid atau mushola yang terdapat di desa tersebut. Profesi sebagai buruh dan petani yang membuat para warga di desa Piji kurang memberikan perhatian terhadap berkembangnya nilai spiritual yang lahir dari Pendidikan Islam. Hal itu memebuat minimnya tingkat spiritual warga Piji terhadap nilai dan rutinitas ritual keagamaan. Hal ini secara tidak langsung menjadi tugas utama KKN Kelompok 134 UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta untuk dibenahi. Program 3C (Cultivating, Caring and Control) menjadi satu kesatuan sistem untuk kembali menghidupkan nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam terhadap anak-anak dusun Piji Mertelu yang menjadi sasarannya. Program ini dikembangkan guna tercipta satu atmosfer kemajuan peradaban Islam di dusun Piji Mertelu.
Gerakan Sosial Anti Riba sebagai Gerakan Fundamentalisme Keagamaan
Authors: P Rinaldi Isnawan , Sakina Laily , D Muhammad Bintang
Published: January 2020

Abstrak.Artikel ini menunjukkan arti penting gerakan fundamentalisme keagamaan dalam mengurangi riba. Gerakan fundamentalisme kerap dimaknai secara pejoratif dalam aksi sosial nya. Namun dalam gerakan fundamentalisme untuk mengurangi riba ini tidak menggunakan cara-cara yang sifatnya kekerasan, namun lebih ke arah yang sifatnya produktif di masyarakat. Dalam agama Islam, riba telah dilarang karena memberikan dampak secara sosial, namun realita yang terjadi justru riba dianggap hal yang lazim oleh masyarakat dan pemerintah. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat strategi dalam upaya mengurangi riba di masyarakat, seperti dengan memberikan sosialisasi melalui media sosial serta pemberian beasiswa pendidikan bagi pengikut gerakan ini. Untuk itu, argumen utama dalam tulisan ini menggunakan kerangka konsep gerakan fundamentalisme keagamaan yang menekankan aksi sosial gerakan, cara pandang gerakan dalam melihat modernitas dan strategi penyebaran gerakan dalam mengurangi riba di masyarakat. Argumen tulisan akan diakhiri dengan uraian mengenai peluang untuk mengembalikan peran agama di masyarakat yang sebelumnya termarjinalisasi akibat riba, dibuktikan dengan implikasi gerakan di masyarakat. Artikel ini hasil riset kualitatif yang menggunakan studi kasus sebagai strategy of inquiry. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan yang dianalisis dengan analisis data kualitatif yang diperkaya dengan studi literatur yang ekstensif. Hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa gerakan fundamentalisme keagamaan ini berupaya mengembalikan peran agama di masyarakat dengan cara meminimalisir riba di masyarakat.
CASE STUDY OF SEISMIC EVALUATION AND STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING LOW-RISE REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING
Authors: Hakim Amthal , Masri Adnan
Published: January 2020

All new buildings nowadays have to be designed and executed to overcome any imposed type of loading (lateral/vertical). On a universal scale, the stock of buildings built before 1980’s is believed to be many times more than the number of newer buildings in most urban cities. In Beirut, as an example, a large proportion of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures were constructed in the absence of mandatory earthquake design requirements, and unquestionably recognized as the type of construction most vulnerable to earthquakes. The performed research focused on how to evaluate the status of old building and how to design and execute the convenient seismic strengthening schemes. A case study has been selected to implement the evaluation process and design proposals. Conventional seismic upgrading technique has been assessed like the addition of shear walls in addition to more innovative approach which is the installation of steel bracing system. The strengthening schemes proposed aimed to create an ideal harmonization of the technical, economic and social aspects of the issue in hand. Analysis of the three structural systems (existing, modified with shear walls and with bracing systems) has been performed using the ETABS software including static equivalent, dynamic and pushover analyses. The research sorted out with a comparison between the systems based on different structural criteria followed by general recommendations and suggestions.