bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of knowledge-based HRM, knowledge sharing and perceived organizational supports on innovation performance: a moderated-mediation analysis
Authors: Le Phong Ba , Ha Sy Van
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Given the important role of knowledge resource for firms to pursuit innovation, this paper aims to investigate the influence of knowledge-based human resource management (HRM) practices on innovation performance through the mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing (KS). This study also explores the potential moderating role of perceived organizational supports (POSs) in fostering the KS–innovation relationship of firms in the developing and emerging markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The relationship among the latent variables is empirically examined through 289 employees from 118 manufacturing and service firms. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were performed to validate the constructs and estimate the regression coefficients of relationships.

Findings

The empirical findings of this study support the mediating role of KS behaviors in the relationship between knowledge-based HRM practices and innovation performance. It highlights the important role of POSs in stimulating the influence of KS behaviors on innovation performance.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should investigate the impact of knowledge-based HRM practices on specific forms of innovation via the mediating effects of knowledge management processes to bring better understanding on the importance of knowledge resources in pursuing innovation competence.

Originality/value

The paper significantly contributes to enhancing understanding of the antecedent role of knowledge-based HRM practices in fostering KS behaviors and innovation performance under the moderating effects of POSs. Generally, it advances the body of comprehension of knowledge-based resources and innovation theory.
Towards sustainable audit quality: framework based on the UK financial reporting council
Authors: Ashrafi Mehdi , Abdoli Mohammadreza , Valiyan Hasan
Published: September 2023

Purpose

One of the most emerging areas of audit knowledge is sustainable quality, which can comprehensively cover the development of audit reports inclusiveness for stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to present the sustainable audit quality (SAQ) framework based on the UK Financial Reporting Council.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper discusses the main concepts in both spreadsheets and process mining. Using a concrete data set as a running example, the different types of process mining are explained. Where spreadsheets work with numbers, process mining starts from event data with the aim to analyze processes.

Findings

The results of the study showed that the SAQ is more effective based on the two criteria of going concern and disclosure of key audit items. It was also determined that, based on total interpretive structural modeling, the two themes of debt covenants disclosure and assessment of firms’ leverage ratio have a higher priority for SAQ in the Tehran Stock Exchange.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the discussion on the use of data mining for microarray databases and specifically for studying the present SAQ framework based on the UK Financial Reporting Council. An area that has not been paid attention to by prior research studies, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first research that attempts to provide the SAQ framework.
I can feel AI failure: the impact of service failure type and failure assessment on customer recovery expectation
Authors: Song Mengmeng , Xing Xinyu , Duan Yucong , Mou Jian
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Based on appraisal theory and social response theory, this study aims to explore the mechanism of AI failure types on consumer recovery expectation from the perspective of service failure assessment and validate the moderate role of anthropomorphism level.

Design/methodology/approach

Three scenario-based experiments were conducted to validate the research model. First, to test the effect of robot service failure types on customer recovery expectation; second, to further test the mediating role of perceived controllability, perceived stability and perceived severity; finally, to verify the moderating effect of anthropomorphic level.

Findings

Non-functional failures reduce consumer recovery expectation compared to functional failures; perceived controllability and perceived severity play a mediating role in the impact of service failure types on recovery expectation; the influence of service failure types on perceived controllability and perceived severity is moderated by the anthropomorphism level.

Originality/value

The findings enrich the influence mechanism and boundary conditions of service failure types, and have implications for online enterprise follow-up service recovery and improvement of anthropomorphic design.
Nonprofit governance in times of Covid-19: should organizations change their practices and strategy in the middle of a crisis?
Authors: Plaisance Guillaume
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In the face of crises, nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have focused on their financial viability but there are other operational aspects to consider (e.g. activity or volunteer involvement). This study aims to investigate whether governance changes made by NPOs in times of crisis have enhanced organizational viability in a broader sense.

Design/methodology/approach

Through community-engaged research, the link between governance changes and organizational viability is examined. This study is based on a survey of 10,926 French NPOs and the conceptual framework of societal orientation.

Findings

They show that changing governance in the midst of a crisis can protect organizational viability, if the beneficiaries and members remain the core of the strategic target and if the content of volunteering remains stable.

Research limitations/implications

This study, therefore, calls for a better study of the risks of governance changes for internal stakeholders, both at the level of scholars and within the organizations themselves. The results extend recent works on governance change and highlight the relevance of societal orientation in times of crisis.

Practical implications

This study helps to counter the criticisms regularly made about governance (particularly in France) and highlights the importance of maintaining the board of directors in NPOs. It invites NPOs to make decisions that protect their values, mission and beneficiaries at all times.

Originality/value

This study focuses on societal orientation in relation to stakeholder theory, as well as the nonfinancial aspects of viability.
How does a hospital servicescape impact the well-being and satisfaction of both health care customers and professionals?
Authors: Sweeney Jillian C. , Frow Pennie , Payne Adrian , McColl-Kennedy Janet R.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how servicescapes impact well-being and satisfaction of both hospital customers (patients) and health care professional service providers.

Design/methodology/approach

The study investigates how a hospital servicescape impacts two critical outcomes – well-being and satisfaction – of both hospital patients (customers) and health care professionals, who are immersed in that environment.

Findings

The hospital servicescape had a greater impact on physical, psychological and existential well-being for professionals than for patients. However, the reverse was true for satisfaction. The new servicescape enhanced the satisfaction and physical and psychological well-being of professionals but only the satisfaction of customers.

Research limitations/implications

The study implications for health care policy suggest that investment in health care-built environments should balance the needs of health care professionals with those of customers to benefit their collective well-being and satisfaction.

Practical implications

Based on the findings, the authors propose that servicescape investments should focus on satisfying the physical needs of patients while also placing emphasis on the psychological needs of professionals.

Social implications

Health care spending on physical facilities should incorporate careful cost-benefit analysis, ensuring that beneficial features for both user groups are included in new hospital designs, omitting features that are less supportive of well-being.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to compare the impact of the same real-life servicescape on the satisfaction of both customers and service providers (professionals) and considers the critical health outcome of well-being.
Revised Essential 8: the importance of boundary spanning roles
Authors: Cosenza Michael , Burns Rebecca West , Badiali Bernard , Coler Cynthia , Goree Krystal , Polly Drew , Stoicovy Donnan , Zenkov Kristien
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to provide details around Essential 8 of the Second Edition of the National Association for Professional Development Schools (NAPDS) Nine Essentials (NAPDS, 2021), which focuses on boundary spanning roles across university and P-12 school settings.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper represents an in-depth look at one element of a policy statement of the NAPDS. The Nine Essentials were reviewed over a 4-year period through meetings, focus groups and symposia with various stakeholder groups. These provided context and information for both the revision of the policy statement and the writing of this article (and the other articles in the series).

Findings

The intention of this series of articles is to provide a deepened understanding of the complexities of P-12 School and University partnerships. Each of the essential elements provides a framework for developing new PDSs and sustaining existing partnerships for the long term.

Originality/value

This is a reprint request.
Differences in support within the social science graduate admissions pipeline
Authors: Tidwell Michael L. , Logan Ellis S.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand demographic group (race, first-generation college graduate, gender, age) differences among perceived family and faculty social and family financial support within the US graduate school admissions pipeline in the social sciences.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data from a cross-sectional convenience sample survey (N = 99), this paper looks at ordinal social support variables (faculty member support, family social support and family financial support) by demographic groups. This paper uses a Mann–Whitney U test to compare first-generation status, race and gender and a Kruskal–Wallis H test to compare age groups.

Findings

This paper finds that applicants over 27 years old had significantly less faculty support in the graduate admissions pipeline compared to other age groups; differences in faculty support across race were marginally significant (p = 0.057). Regarding family social support, this paper finds first-generation applicants, male applicants and applicants over 27 years old report lower levels of support. Finally, this paper finds first-generation applicants and applicants over 27 years old report lower levels of familial financial support.

Originality/value

Previous literature on graduate admissions – published in this journal (Pieper and Krsmanovic, 2022) and others – does not consider experiences up to and before applicants hit the “submit” button on graduate applicants, which the authors term the graduate admissions pipeline. Instead, most previous literatures focus on faculty committees and validity of required application materials. Thus, this study begins to answer Posselt and Grodsky’s (2017) call to develop an understanding of applicant experiences and support within the graduate admissions pipeline.
Variation in degree of intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Bunium persicum (Apiaceae)
Authors: Mohammadianfar Ebrahim , Ghaderi‐Far Farshid , Torabi Benjamin , Siahmarguee Asieh , Behroj Mehdi , Baskin Carol , Sadeghipour Hamid Reza
Published: September 2023

Bunium persicum is an important medicinal plant, but the requirements for seed dormancy break and germination are not well known. Based on available information, we hypothesized that seeds have an underdeveloped embryo and physiological dormancy (PD), and hence morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and that populations of this species may have different degrees of MPD which demand different germination requirements. In this study, we evaluated embryo growth in seeds from four B. persicum populations at different temperatures and tested germination at varying constant temperatures, with or without GA3 and cold stratification. Seeds from the four populations had a fully differentiated, small, linear but underdeveloped embryo. The initial embryo‐to‐seed length ratio was 0.14–0.17, but it increased to 0.71–0.75 before germination at 5°C. Little embryo growth occurred at 15°C and no growth occurred at 25°C. GA3 effectively increased germination percentages, replaced cold stratification, reduced the required period for cold stratification, and in combination with cold stratification increased the maximum temperature of germination. Therefore, seeds from the four populations have intermediate complex MPD. Additionally, the germination responses of seeds from the four populations to GA3, cold stratification, or both were different, suggesting variation in the degree of PD. Bunium persicum seeds developed in cool and wet conditions were more dormant than those developed under warm and dry conditions. Thus, we showed that different climates can affect the depth of PD in a species whose seeds have MPD, resulting in variation in the degree of intermediate complex MPD at the population level.
Health risks at work mean risks at home: Spatial aspects of COVID‐19 among migrant workers in precarious jobs in England
Authors: Miles Sam , Renedo Alicia , Kühlbrandt Charlotte , McGowan Catherine , Stuart Rachel , Grenfell Pippa , Marston Cicely
Published: September 2023

During COVID‐19 lockdowns in England, ‘key workers’ including factory workers, carers and cleaners had to continue to travel to workplaces. Those in key worker jobs were often from more marginalised communities, including migrant workers in precarious employment. Recognising space as materially and socially produced, this qualitative study explores migrant workers’ experiences of navigating COVID‐19 risks at work and its impacts on their home spaces. Migrant workers in precarious employment often described workplace COVID‐19 protection measures as inadequate. They experienced work space COVID‐19 risks as extending far beyond physical work boundaries. They developed their own protection measures to try to avoid infection and to keep the virus away from family members. Their protection measures included disinfecting uniforms, restricting leisure activities and physically separating themselves from their families. Inadequate workplace COVID‐19 protection measures limited workers' ability to reduce risks. In future outbreaks, support for workers in precarious jobs should include free testing, paid sick leave and accommodation to allow for self‐isolation to help reduce risks to workers’ families. Work environments should not be viewed as discrete risk spaces when planning response measures; responses and risk reduction approaches must also take into account impacts on workers’ lives beyond the workplace.
Differential impact of hospital and community factors on breadth and depth of hospital population health partnerships
Authors: Puro Neeraj , Cronin Cory E. , Franz Berkeley , Singh Simone , Feyereisen Scott
Published: September 2023

Objective

The aim was to identify hospital and county characteristics associated with variation in breadth and depth of hospital partnerships with a broad range of organizations to improve population health.

Data Sources

The American Hospital Association Annual Survey provided data on hospital partnerships to improve population health for the years 2017–2019.

Design

The study adopts the dimensional publicness theory and social capital framework to examine hospital and county characteristics that facilitate hospital population health partnerships. The two dependent variables were number of local community organizations that hospitals partner with (breadth) and level of engagement with the partners (depth) to improve population health.

The independent variables include three dimensions of publicness: Regulative, Normative and Cultural‐cognitive measured by various hospital factors and presence of social capital present at county level. Covariates in the multivariate analysis included hospital factors such as bed‐size and system membership.

Methods

We used hierarchical linear regression models to assess various hospital and county factors associated with breadth and depth of hospital‐community partnerships, adjusting for covariates.

Principal Findings

Nonprofit and public hospitals provided a greater breadth (coefficient, 1.61; SE, 0.11; p < 0.001 and coefficient, 0.95; SE, 0.14; p < 0.001) and depth (coefficient, 0.26, SE, 0.04; p < 0.001 & coefficient, 0.13; SE, 0.05; p < 0.05) of partnerships than their for‐profit counterparts, partially supporting regulative dimension of publicness. At a county level, we found community social capital positively associated with breadth of partnerships (coefficient, 0.13; SE, 0.08; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

An environment that promotes collaboration between hospitals and organizations to improve population health may impact the health of the community by identifying health needs of the community, targeting social determinants of health, or by addressing patient social needs. However, findings suggest that publicness dimensions at an organizational level, which involves a culture of public value, maybe more important than county factors to achieve community building through partnerships.
COVID‐19 is more lethal in hemodialysis chronic kidney disease patients with low physical capacity
Authors: Orcy Rafael B. , Bluhm Caroline C. , Ribeiro Larissa R. , Sosa Priscila M. , Correa Bianca D. , Barcellos Franklin C. , Böhlke Maristela
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The mortality rate in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) is high and is associated with low functional capacity (FC). We analyzed the association of FC and COVID‐19 lethality among HD patients.

Methods

A cohort study that included evaluations of FC in patients on HD was underway, and the association between FC and lethality was included as an ad‐hoc outcome.

Results

One hundred and twelve patients were submitted to a physical, 31 patients contracted symptomatic COVID‐19, 20 recovered and 11 died (lethality rate of 35.5%). There was a difference between survivors and non‐survivors on six‐minutes‐walking‐test (6MWT) 386.1 ± 112.8 versus 296.9 ± 103.3 meters (p = 0.04), 30 s sit‐to‐stand test (30CST) score 11.7 ± 3.1 versus 7.7 ± 4.1 (p = 0.006), and timed up and go test (TUG) 9.4 versus 13.6 s (p = 0.009). There was also an association between percentages of predicted 6MWT, 30CST, and TUG with COVID‐19 lethality.

Conclusion

Patients on maintenance HD with poorer physical performance presented the worst prognosis from COVID‐19 pandemic.
Anesthesiologists' skills in emergency cricothyroidotomy mandate a brush‐up training after 3 months—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nielsen Martine S. , Lundorff Simon H. , Hansen Peter Martin , Nielsen Bjørn U. , Andersen Steven A. W. , Konge Lars , Nielsen Anders B. , Brøchner Anne C.
Published: September 2023

Background

In the Difficult Airway Society's 2015 “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” guideline, the emergency cricothyroidotomy is the final option when managing an unanticipated difficult airway. How often training for maintenance of this skill is required for anesthesiologists remains unknown. We aimed to assess if specialist‐trained anesthesiologists' skills improved from a brush‐up intervention and if skills were retained after 3 months.

Methods

In this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, participants were randomized to either a simulation‐based brush‐up or no brush‐up. Both groups performed a mannequin‐based technical skills emergency cricothyroidotomy test twice and were assessed by a blinded rater using a structured assessment tool that included time, positioning, palpation, appropriate employment of instruments, and stepwise progression. After 3 months of non‐training, participants completed identical tests of retention.

Results

A total of 54 anesthesiologists were included from three hospitals in the Region of Southern Denmark. Thirty‐seven percent of the participants had received skills training in emergency cricothyroidotomy in the prior 12 months. The intervention group (N = 27) performed better in the initial tests, with a mean time of 51.5 s (SD = 10.82), a total score per minute of 15.9 points (SD = 4.91), and 93% passing both initial tests compared to the control group (N = 27) with a mean time of 76.8 s (SD = 35.82), a total score per minute of 6.6 (SD = 4.68) and only 15% passing both initial tests. The intervention group managed to retain overall performance in retention tests in terms of performance time (48.9 s, p = .26), total score per minute (13.6 points, p = .094), and passing the tests (75%, p = .059).

Conclusion

Exposure to simulation‐based brush‐up training in emergency cricothyroidotomy improved anesthesiologists' technical performance and was overall retained after 3 months. Some loss of skill concerning specific items was observed, highlighting the need for regular training in emergency cricothyroidotomy. Simulation‐based training should be prioritized to improve and maintain technical skills in infrequent high‐stakes procedures.
Compliance with CPR quality guidelines and survival after 30 days following out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. A retrospective study
Authors: Järvenpää Valtteri , Mäki Paula , Huhtala Heini , Elo Heini , Länkimäki Sami , Setälä Piritta , Hoppu Sanna
Published: September 2023

Background

Our study assessed the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) given by emergency medical services in Southern Ostrobothnia Finland, as is advised in the international guidelines. The goal was to evaluate the current quality of CPR given to patients who suffered an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and to examine possible measures for improving emergency medical services.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland, during a three‐year period. Confounding caused by each patient's individual medical history was addressed by calculating Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), a score describing individual's risk for death in 10 years. The Utstein analysis and the CPR metrics were acquired from the medical records hospital district in question and analysed in an orderly manner using SPSS. Descriptive statistics are presented as mean (SD) and median [IQR].

Results

We found that of the 349 patients, 144 (41%) received ROSC, 96 (28%) survived to the hospital and 51 (15%) survived for at least 30 days. CPR metrics data were available for 181 patients. CCIs were 3.0 versus 5.0 (p = .157) for the ones who did and those who did not survive at least 30 days. Correspondingly, following metrics were as follows: Mean compression depth was 5.1 (1.3) versus 5.6 (0.8) cm (p = .088), median 28 [18;40] versus 40 [26;54]% of the compressions were in target depth (p = .015) and median compression rate was 113 [109;119] versus 112 [108;120] min−1 (p = .757). The median no‐flow fraction was 5.1 [2.8;7.1] versus 3.7 [2.5;5.5] s (p = .073). Ventricular fibrillation (OR 8.74, 95% CI 2.89–26.43, p < .001), public location (OR 3.163, 95% CI 1.03–9.69, p = .044) and compression rate of 100–110/min (OR 7.923, 95% CI 2.11–29.82, p = .002) were related to survival.

Conclusion

Patients who suffered out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in Southern Ostrobothnia received CPR that met the international CPR quality target values. The proportion of unintentional pauses during CPR was low and the 30‐day survival rate exceeded the international average.
Corporate Governance Reforms and Analyst Forecasts: International Evidence
Authors: Liu Simeng , Wang Kun Tracy , Wu Yue
Published: September 2023

In this study, we examine the effect of worldwide corporate governance reforms on analyst forecasts using data on firms from 41 countries that have implemented such reforms. Employing a difference‐in‐differences design, we find robust evidence of a significant positive effect of these reforms, which mainly promote the independence of the audit committee and auditors, on analyst forecast accuracy. We also find significant improvements in post‐reform corporate governance structure and the quantity and quality of corporate disclosure, which validates the predicted economic mechanism of the impact of these reforms. Moreover, the reforms are effective in reducing analyst forecast bias and dispersion, suggesting an overall improvement in analyst forecast quality after reform implementation. Furthermore, we find a moderating effect of analyst general experience on the relationship of interest, which is consistent with the conjecture that improved corporate disclosures following reforms could be more beneficial for analysts with less experience. Overall, our findings shed new insights into how country‐level corporate governance reforms worldwide shape firms’ information environment.
Association between late‐life depression or depressive symptoms and stroke morbidity in elders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Cai Wa , Ma Wen , Mueller Christoph , Stewart Robert , Ji Jun , Shen Wei‐Dong
Published: September 2023

Objective

Whether late‐life depression or depressive symptoms are a risk factor of future stroke in elders is important for prevention measures. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were used to investigate the association between depression or depressive symptoms and risk of stroke in elders.

Methods

Embase, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched for studies published from inception to January 6, 2023. Prospective cohort studies reporting quantitative estimates of the association between depression or depressive symptoms and stroke morbidity in participants aged over 60 years were included. Reviews, meta‐analyses, case reports, retrospective, cross‐sectional, and theoretical studies were excluded. Study screening and data extraction were conducted by two researchers independently. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to estimate pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Publication bias was evaluated via the symmetry of funnel plots and Egger tests. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The quality of evidence of synthesis was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). The primary outcome was any stroke, including non‐fatal, fatal, ischemic and hemorrhagic sub‐types.

Results

Seventeen studies of 57,761 patients in total were included in the meta‐analysis. A positive association was found between depressive disorder or symptoms and stroke risk (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.22–1.58; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Late‐life depression or depressive symptoms are a significant risk factor for stroke in older people. Regular assessment and more effective management of associated comorbidities are recommended to reduce stroke risk.
Hippocampal volume loss in individuals with a history of non‐fatal opioid overdose
Authors: Todaro Dustin R. , Li Xinyi , Pereira‐Rufino Laís S. , Manza Peter , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Das Sandhitsu , Childress Anna Rose , Kranzler Henry R. , Volkow Nora D. , Langleben Daniel D. , Shi Zhenhao , Wiers Corinde E.
Published: September 2023

Incidence of opioid‐related overdoses in the United States has increased dramatically over the past two decades. Despite public emphasis on overdose fatalities, most overdose cases are not fatal. Although there are case reports of amnestic syndromes and acute injury to the hippocampus following non‐fatal opioid overdose, the effects of such overdoses on brain structure are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of non‐fatal opioid overdoses by comparing hippocampal volume in opioid use disorder (OUD) patients who had experienced an opioid overdose (OD; N = 17) with those who had not (NOD; N = 32). Voxel‐based morphometry showed lower hippocampal volume in the OD group than in the NOD group, which on post hoc analysis was evident in the left but not the right hippocampus. These findings strengthen the evidence that hippocampal injury is associated with non‐fatal opioid overdose, which is hypothesized to underlie overdose‐related amnestic syndrome.
A transient positive association between direct‐acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C infection and drug‐related hospitalization among people who inject drugs: Self‐controlled case‐series analysis of national data
Authors: McDonald Scott A. , Hickman Matthew , Dillon John F. , Yeung Alan , McAuley Andrew , Fraser Andrew , Hayes Peter C. , Hutchinson Sharon J.
Published: September 2023

Background and aims

Direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment has an established positive effect on liver outcomes in people with hepatitis C infection; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding its effects on the ‘extra‐hepatic’ outcomes of drug‐related hospitalization and mortality (DRM) among people who inject drugs (PWID). We investigated associations between these outcomes and DAA treatment by comparing post‐treatment to baseline periods using a within‐subjects design to minimize selection bias concerns with cohort or case–control designs.

Design

This was a self‐controlled case‐series study.

Setting

Scotland, 1 January 2015–30 November 2020.

Participants

The study population of non‐cirrhotic, DAA‐treated PWID was identified using a data set linking Scotland's hepatitis C diagnosis, HCV clinical databases, national inpatient/day‐case hospital records and the national deaths register. Three principal outcomes (drug overdose admission, non‐viral injecting related admission and drug‐related mortality) were defined using ICD codes.

Measurements

Self‐controlled case‐series methodology was used to estimate the relative incidence (RI) of each outcome associated with time on treatment and up to six 90‐day exposure risk periods thereafter.

Findings

A total of 6050 PWID were treated with DAAs in the sampling time‐frame. Compared with the baseline period, there was a significantly lowered risk of a drug overdose hospital admission in the second to fifth exposure risk periods only [relative incidence (RI) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.80–0.99; 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99; 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96; 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78–0.99, respectively]. For non‐viral injecting‐related admission, there was a reduced risk in the first, third and fourth exposure risk periods (RI = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.64–0.90; 0.75, 95% CI = 0.62–0.90; 0.79, 95% CI = 0.66–0.96, respectively). There was no evidence for reduced DRM risk in any period following treatment end.

Conclusions

Among people who inject drugs in Scotland, direct‐acting antiviral treatment appears to be associated with a small, non‐durable reduction in the risk of drug‐related hospital admission, but not drug‐related mortality. Direct‐acting antiviral therapy, despite high effectiveness against liver disease, does not appear to offer a panacea for reducing other drug‐related health harms.
Genomic signatures reveal selection in Chinese and European domesticated geese
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Li Haiying , Tang Bihui , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wu Yingping , Jiang Teng , Yao Yingying , Li Jiahui , Yao Yang , Wang Lin
Published: September 2023

The Swan goose and Greylag goose are species of geese native to East Asia and Europe, respectively, and are widely believed to be the ancestors of Chinese and European domesticated geese. The Yili goose (YL) and European domestic geese originated from the Greylag goose, but the history of domestication is unclear. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of the YL goose and the Hortobagy goose to combine with other previously sequenced goose populations for in‐depth analysis. The population genetic variations in Stone geese, East Zhejiang White Geese, Taihu geese and Zi geese were also identified and compared. The results showed that admixture gene flow existed in the YL geese population, which was introgressed by Chinese geese, suggesting that gene flow events were frequent and widespread among domesticated geese. Further selected sweep analysis identified candidate genes and metabolic pathways that may be related to the differences in morphology. Several genes such as TGFBR3L, CMYA5, FOXD1, ARHGEF28 and SUCLG2 are associated with growth, reproduction and fertility traits. The results of this study will help to understand the genetic characteristics of domestic geese and the genes affecting important traits and provide a basis for the improved breed of domestic geese.
Good's syndrome: brief overview of an enigmatic immune deficiency
Authors: Sipos Ferenc , Műzes Györgyi
Published: September 2023

Good's syndrome, an infrequent adult‐onset immunodeficiency is characterized by the triad of thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and increased susceptibility to recurrent infections. The clinical presentation is highly variable, with a spectrum ranging from recurrent bacterial and opportunistic infections to concomitant autoimmune diseases and, sometimes malignant pathologies. Due to heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and the lack of adequate diagnostic criteria, its recognition is often challenging, even delaying it by years. It is one of the most unusual, less studied form of the immune deficiency syndromes with a still unknown pathophysiology. It was initially considered a thymoma‐associated variant of primary antibody deficiencies with a reduced or absent number of mature B cells, but it later emerged that significant defects of T cell‐mediated immune functions are the underlying cause of opportunistic infections. On the basis of current evidence, Good's syndrome is evaluated as a distinct acquired form of combined immunodeficiency states and classified as a phenocopy of primary immunodeficiency diseases. Epigenetic and acquired genetic factors can play an ultimate role in its evolution.
Microscopic colitis and risk of incident rheumatoid arthritis: A nationwide population‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Bergman David , Roelstraete Bjorn , Sun Jiangwei , Ebrahimi Fahim , Askling Johan , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: September 2023

Background

Microscopic colitis (MC) has been linked to several autoimmune conditions. Results from previous studies on the association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been inconsistent.

Aim

To assess the risk of future RA in MC.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide matched cohort study in Sweden of 8179 patients with biopsy‐verified MC (diagnosed in 2007–2017), 36,400 matched reference individuals and 8202 siblings without MC, with follow‐up until 2021. Information on MC was obtained from all of Sweden's regional pathology registers (n = 28) through the ESPRESSO cohort. Data on incident RA were collected from the National Patient Register. Using Cox regression, we calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

During a median follow‐up of 9.1 years (interquartile range = 6.7–11.7), 73 MC patients and 183 reference individuals from the general population were diagnosed with RA (99 vs. 55 events per 100,000 person‐years), equivalent to one extra case of RA in 226 patients with MC followed for 10 years. These rates corresponded to an aHR of 1.83 (95% CI = 1.39–2.41). The aHR was highest during the first year of follow‐up (2.31 [95% CI = 1.08–4.97]) and remained significantly elevated up to 5 years after MC diagnosis (aHR 2.16; 95% CI = 1.42–3.30). Compared to siblings, without MC, the aHR was 2.04 (95% CI = 1.18–3.56).

Conclusion

Patients with MC are at a nearly two‐fold risk of developing RA compared to the general population. Knowledge of this increased risk may expedite evaluation for RA in patients with MC presenting with joint symptoms and/or arthralgia, thus preventing delay until RA diagnosis.
Potential for a large‐scale newborn screening strategy for sickle cell disease in Mali: A comparative diagnostic performance study of two rapid diagnostic tests (SickleScan® and HemotypeSC®) on cord blood
Authors: Guindo Aldiouma , Cisse Zenab , Keita Ibrahima , Desmonde Sophie , Sarro Yeya dit Sadio , Touré Boubacari A. , Baraika Mohamed Ag , Tessougué Oumarou , Guindo Pierre , Coulibaly Moussa , Traore Oumar , Sylla Niagalé , Diassana Mahamadou , Saye Amaguiré , Picot Valentina , Lauressergues Emilie , Leroy Valériane
Published: September 2023

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a life‐threatening disease requiring reliable early diagnosis. We assessed the acceptability and diagnostic performances of two rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to identify SCD (HbSS, HbSC, HbS/β‐thalassaemia) or SCD carrier (HbS/HbC) in a pilot SCD newborn screening (NBS) strategy in Mali. All consenting delivering women were offered SCD NBS using cord blood sampling on two RDTs (SickleScan® and HemotypeSC®) compared to the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gold standard to detect SCD states. From April 2021 to August 2021, 4333 delivering women were eligible of whom 96.1% were offered NBS: 1.6% refused, 13.8% delivered before consenting and 84.6% consented; 3648 newborns were diagnosed by HPLC; 1.64% had SCD (0.63% HbSS, 0.85% HbSC, 0.16 HbS/β‐plus‐thalassaemia); 21.79% were SCD carrier. To detect accurately SCD, SickleScan® had a sensitivity of 81.67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71.88–91.46) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.69% (95% CI: 99.51–99.87); HemotypeSC® had a sensitivity of 78.33% (95% CI: 67.91–88.76) and a NPV of 99.64% (95% CI: 99.44–99.83). To detect SCD carrier: SickleScan® sensitivity was 96.10% (95% CI: 94.75–97.45) and NPV, 98.90% (95% CI: 98.51–99.29); HemotypeSC® sensitivity was 95.22% (95% CI: 93.74–96.70) and NPV, 98.66% (95% CI: 98.24–99.03). Routine SCD NBS was acceptable. Compared with HPLC, both RDTs had reliable diagnostic performances to exclude SCD‐free newborns and to identify SCD carriers to be further confirmed. This strategy could be implemented in large‐scale NBS programmes.
A quality improvement approach to improving recognition of Māori tamariki (children) and assessing barriers to culturally responsive care in a paediatric ward setting
Authors: Pennell Taylor , Calder Nigel , Glubb‐Smith Kelly J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Health inequity persists in Aotearoa (New Zealand) and internationally amongst most indigenous peoples. To address these health inequities, countries need to contend with the ramifications of entrenched historical, cultural and systemic failures. Within Aotearoa part of the solution to rectifying persistent health inequities lies in shifting everyday healthcare practices towards a more culturally responsive, patient‐centred approach that utilises Māori knowledge and principles. Although the need for culturally responsive services in healthcare settings is clearly evident, most practitioners struggle with the challenge of creating a culturally safe environment. Further to these challenges, there are issues related to accurate recognition of ethnicity within the time constraints of an overwrought hospital environment. Within this environment, the correct identification of ethnicity is a fundamental step in the process of moving towards culturally responsive and more inclusive care.

Method

The research was concerned with indigenous Māori patients being consistently and correctly identified so that they might receive culturally appropriate interaction and treatment. The research specifically focused on the impact of introducing a customised sticker prompt on the front cover of clinical notes of Māori tamariki (children) to assist with correct ethnicity identification. Surveys were conducted on the paediatric ward over a 3‐week period, prior to and during the intervention to evaluate the effect of the customised stickers. This study sought to (1) assess the efficacy of a sticker to improve recognition of Māori tamariki (children), (2) examine key barriers to identifying ethnicity and (3) identify wider impacts of a sticker prompt on clinical practice.

Results

Results showed wide ranging positive impacts on clinical practice and culturally responsive care. Sixty‐four per cent of participants indicated that the stickers were a useful tool to improve identification of Māori tamariki. Respondents reported increased accuracy of identifying patients by ethnicity, as well as improved awareness of existing ethnicity documentation, and increased engagement regarding cultural needs and ethnicity.

Conclusions

This study identified that sticker prompts are a useful tool for healthcare workers to improve recognition and awareness of ethnicity and to increase dialogue around cultural needs. The stickers led to increased consideration of the wider elements of holistic wellbeing and therefore improved culturally responsive care for Māori tamariki.
Accuracy of the Yakebot dental implant robotic system versus fully guided static computer‐assisted implant surgery template in edentulous jaw implantation: A preliminary clinical study
Authors: Wang Wenxue , Xu Hao , Mei Dongmei , Zhou Chen , Li Xiaojing , Han Ze'yu , Zhou Xiaobin , Li Xin , Zhao Baodong
Published: September 2023

Aims

To compare the accuracy of the Yakebot dental implant robotic system with that of fully guided static computer‐assisted implant surgery (CAIS) template in edentulous implantation.

Materials and Methods

Thirteen patients with edentulous were recruited and divided into two groups: the Yake robotic system group (experimental) (n = 5) and the CAIS group (control) (n = 8). Postoperative cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed immediately, and the 3‐dimensional positions of implants were obtained and compared with that in the preoperative design. The comparison showed platform, apical, depth, and angular deviations. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 84 implants (36 in the robotic group and 48 in the CAIS group) were placed. The mean deviation at the implant platform, apex, depth, and angle in the CAIS group was 1.37 ± 0.72 mm, 1.28 ± 0.68 mm, 0.88 ± 0.47 mm, and 3.47 ± 2.02°, respectively. However, the mean deviation at the implant platform, apex, depth, and angle in the robotic group was 0.65 ± 0.25 mm, 0.65 ± 0.22 mm, 0.49 ± 0.24 mm, and 1.43 ± 1.18°, respectively. Significant differences in the four types of deviation (p < 0.05) between the two groups were observed.

Conclusion

The accuracy of robotic system in edentulous implant placement was superior to that of the CAIS template, suggesting that robotic system is more accurate, safe, and flexible, can be considered a promising treatment in clinical practice.
Predicting in‐hospital mortality in patients admitted from the emergency department for pulmonary embolism: Incidence and prognostic value of deep vein thrombosis. A retrospective study
Authors: Pagano Teresa , Fabbri Irma Sofia , Benedetto Marcello , D'Angelo Luca , Galizia Giorgio , Portoraro Andrea , Guarino Matteo , Perna Benedetta , Passaro Angelina , Cariani Daniele , Spampinato Michele Domenico , De Giorgio Roberto
Published: September 2023

Background

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most common causes of death from cardiovascular disease. Although deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the leading cause of PE, its prognostic role is unclear. This study investigated the incidence and prognostic value of DVT in predicting in‐hospital mortality (IHM) in patients admitted from the emergency department (ED) for PE.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the ED of a third‐level university hospital. Patients over 18 years admitted for PE between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022 were included.

Results

Five hundred and thirty patients (mean age 73.13 years, 6% IHM) were included. 69.1% of cases had DVT (36.4% unilateral femoral vein, 3.6% bilateral, 39.1% unilateral popliteal vein, 2.8% bilateral, 45.7% distal vein thrombosis and 7.4% iliocaval involvement). Patients who died in hospital had a higher Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) (138.6 vs. 99.65,p < 0.001), European Society of Cardiology risk class (15.6% vs. 1%, intermediate‐high in 50% vs. 6.4%,p < 0.001) and more DVT involving the iliac‐caval vein axis (18.8% vs. 6.6%,p = 0.011). PESI class >II, right ventricular dysfunction, increased blood markers of myocardial damage and involvement of the iliocaval venous axis were independent predictors of IHM on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Although further studies are needed to confirm the prognostic role of DVT at PE, involvement of the iliocaval venous axis should considered to be a sign of a higher risk of IHM and may be a key factor in prognostic stratification.
Encouraging social diffusion of pro‐environmental behavior through online workshop‐based interventions
Authors: Champine Veronica M. , Jones Megan S. , Niemiec Rebecca M.
Published: September 2023

Motivating people to take environmentally friendly action, especially collective actions that promote greater social engagement, is important for addressing environmental issues like biodiversity loss. We conducted an online workshop‐based field experiment to target social‐psychological perceptions to motivate people to plant native plants and encourage others to do the same. To shift these perceptions, we added 13 microinterventions to half the workshops, including normative messaging, public commitment‐making, and providing feedback on the impact of reaching out to others. We used a voucher system to track real‐world behavior by partnering with native plant nurseries. Compared to an information‐only control workshop, our intervention workshops initially increased certain social‐psychological perceptions related to encouraging others to plant native plants. However, they did not change behaviors, or many perceptions, compared to control workshops. Additional exploratory analyses revealed differing patterns of behavioral perceptions 2 months after the workshops. Further research is needed that implements experimental methods and real‐world measures of conservation behavior to evaluate the impacts of theory‐based outreach tactics on collective actions.
The tannization of human tissues: A nineteenth‐century educational preservation technique at the Morgagni Museum
Authors: Magno Giovanni , Beck De Lotto Michael Allen , Zampieri Fabio , Zanatta Alberto
Published: September 2023

Lodovico Brunetti (1813–1899), professor of pathological anatomy at the University of Padua and founder of the Museum of Pathological Anatomy, believed that anatomical preparations were essential for the practice and teaching of pathological anatomy. At his arrival in Padua in 1855, there were around 300 made by other professors of medicine, including some by Giovanni Battista Morgagni, preserved either in liquid or dry. These conservation methods did not satisfy Brunetti, as they drastically altered the shape of the anatomical pieces (reduced by mummification and dilated in liquid); thus, he decided to create a new method called “tannization,” for the use of tannic acid. Brunetti's new method was based on dissection and injection techniques, and it had the substantial advantage of maintaining unchanged the shape and texture of the anatomical specimens, even microscopically, as well as being not so expensive. Another important advantage consisted in the fact that the different stages of the preparation could be put into practice even at different times and at a considerable distance from each other. His specimens seemed to be mummified, but they maintained a remarkable elasticity and softness, as well as almost completely unaltered proportions. Today, the Morgagni Museum of the University of Padua still preserves several tannized preparations attributable to Brunetti and his successors. The current study aims to show the educational value of this method showing the results of Brunetti's tannization nowadays.