bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo osteológico de la columna vertebral y del complejo caudal de larvas de Lutjanus guttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) en condiciones de cultivo
Authors: Rodríguez-Ibarra Luz Estela
Published: April 2015

The spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) is an important commercial species in Mexico with good culture potential. The osteological study at early stages in this species is an important tool to confirm normal bone structure and for the detection of malformations that may occur during early development. This study was carried out in order to evaluate and describe the normal osteological development of the vertebral column and caudal complex of this species grown under controlled conditions. For this, a total of 540 larvae of L. guttatus, between 2.1 and 17.5mm of total length (TL), were cultured during 36 days; culture conditions were 28ºC, 5.74mg/L oxygen and 32.2ups salinity with standard feeding rates. To detect growth changes, a sample of 15 organisms was daily taken from day one until day 36 of post-hatch (DPH). Samples were processed following standard techniques of clearing, and cartilage (alcian blue) and bone staining (alizarin red). Results showed that the vertebral column is composed of nine vertebrae in the abdominal region, and 14 vertebrae including the urostyle in the caudal region. The development of the axial skeleton starts with the neural arches and haemal arches at 3.8mm TL. Caudal elements such as the hypurals and parahypural began to develop at 4.1mm TL. Pre-flexion and flexion of the notochord and the formation of all hypurals were observed between 5.3 and 5.8mm TL. Ossification of the vertebrae in the abdominal region and in some neural arches initiated at 9.5mm TL. In the caudal region, all the neural and haemal arches ossified at 10.2mm TL. All the abdominal vertebrae and their respective neural arches and parapophyses ossified at 11.2mm TL, while the elements of the caudal complex that ossified were the hypurals, parahypurals and modified haemal spines. All caudal fin rays, 12 neural spines and 3 haemal arches were ossified by 15.5mm. The complete ossification process of this specie under laboratory culture conditions was observed when larvae reached 17.3mm TL on 36 DPH. Detailed analysis of the osteological structures will allow a reference description to evaluate and detect malformations that may occur during the larval culture of the spotted rose snapper.
Biología y pesquería del pulpo Octopus vulgaris (Octopoda: Octopodidae) en las costas del estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela
Authors: González Leo W. , Eslava Nora , Guevara Francisco , Troccoli Luís
Published: April 2015

In the State of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, the fishery of octopus Octopus vulgaris is considered an alternative activity by the artisanal fishers to diversify production and to increase their income. Nevertheless, the inter annual fluctuations that have been witnessed in recent years, suggest that this resource requires an urgent analysis of the species reproduction, growth, mortality and the fishery activity, in order to provide a scientific basis to develop sustainable management strategies. For this, weekly samples were collected during the June-December 2012 El Tirano fishing season. Mantle length (ML), total weight (TW), sex and stage of gonadal development were recorded for 1 268 males (9-25cm ML) and 818 females (9-22cm ML). The monthly sex ratio differed from one, except in June and August, with a high percentage of mature individuals in both sexes. Minimum and average sizes were: 11cm ML (428g) and 16cm ML (1 142g) in sexually mature males, and 12cm ML (476g) and 15.35cm ML (844g) in sexually mature females. The length-weight relationship of males (TW=0.7994*ML2.62) and females (TW=1.4552*ML2.33) showed minor allometric growth. Growth was estimated by analysis of the frequency distribution of lengths, using FiSAT software. Growth parameters, estimated by the von Bertalanffy model, were considered rapid, being L∞=26.26cm, W∞=3 769g, k=2.3/year, and to=-0.015/year, in males; and L∞=24.28cm, W∞=2 287g, k=1.8/year, and to=-0.09/year, in females. The maximum age in males was A0.95=1.3 years and A0.95=1.57 years in females. Octopus captures were directly significant with superficial water temperature, but negatively significant with wind velocity and precipitation, which corresponds to a study zone with seasonal hydrologic variability. The actual exploitation rate (E=0.61/year in males, E=0.60/year in females) was calculated by using the values of total mortality (Z=7.73/year in males, Z=6.63/year in females), for fishing (F=4.7/year in males, F=3.99/year in females), and natural (M=3.03/year in males, M=2.64/year in females), indicating that the octopus is heavily exploited. Consequently, we recommend regulating the fishery by reducing the fishing mortality rate.
Lepidochitona pseudoliozonis, una nueva especie de quitón (Polyplacophora: Ischnochitonidae) del norte del Caribe
Authors: García-Ríos Cedar I.
Published: April 2015

The genus Lepidochitona (Gray 1821) contains relatively small chitons with a distinctive girdle, dorsally clothed with non-overlapping calcareous corpuscles. In the Caribbean, it is represented by four species: L. liozonis (Dall, & Simpson, 1901), L. rosea Kaas, 1972, L. rufoi García-Ríos, 2010 and L. bullocki García-Ríos, 2011. A rutinary morphological inspection of 10 specimens of a Lepidochitona species from the Florida Keys was concordant with L. liozonis (the only species of the genus informed for Florida). They did not show many morphological differences that could justify its separation from the specimens from Puerto Rico (the type locality). However, the comparison of sequences of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome oxidase I (COI) of L. liozonis from Puerto Rico and the Florida specimens showed a divergence of 14%. This divergence is incompatible with a reproductively connected species. In addition to their genetic differences, the new species differs from L. liozonis in having bigger size, longer marginal spicules and a postmucronal slope very concave.
Ostrácodos no-marinos de lagos en el altiplano este-centro de México
Authors: Pérez Liseth , Lozano-García Socorro , Caballero Margarita
Published: April 2015

The ostracode fauna of the neartic-neotropical transitional zone has remained poorly known until this study. Ten ostracode species inhabit ten highland lakes (five maar lakes (phreatic/phreato-magmatic explosion origin), one volcanic-tectonic lake, three natural dams and one man-made dam) in East-central Mexico. Surface sediments from the deepest part and the littoral zone from all studied lakes were collected. Environmental variables (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, TDS) were measured in situ and parallel water samples for chemical analysis were collected for habitat description. Widely distributed species in the study area (≥5 lakes) include Cypridopsis vidua, Darwinula stevensoni and Eucandona cf. patzcuaro. Limnocytherina axalapasco is an endemic species and was collected in three maar lakes and in one man-made dam. Rare species included: Chlamydotheca arcuata?, Fabaeformiscandona acuminata?, Ilyocypris gibba?, Limnocythere friabilis?, Potamocypris smaragdina? and Potamocypris unicaudata?. Highest species richness (6 spp.) was found in the large and shallow Lake Metztitlán (2.6km2, 5.5m deep), with the lake water type HCO3->>SO42->Cl- -- Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+. The rest of studied lakes (<63m, <27km2) had not more than three species. For instance, only two ostracode species were collected in Lake Alchichica, which is the largest, deepest and most saline studied maar lake.
Influencia de microhábitats en el desempeño de especies herbáceas en áreas de bosque maduro y secundario en la región semiárida de Brasil
Authors: Ramos de Andrade Juliana , Andrade da Silva Kleber , Fraga dos Santos Josiene Maria , Melo dos Santos Danielle , Pereira Guerra Thiago , De Lima Araújo Elcida
Published: April 2015

The conditions for plant establishment in mature forest are different from those found in disturbed areas. In dry environments, the herbaceous cover is the most important in the recolonization of deforested areas. It can, therefore, act as an ideal biological group for assessing how changes in habitat heterogeneity affect the resilience of dry forests. The aim of this research was to evaluate whether natural regeneration of the herbaceous stratum differed between areas of mature and secondary forest of Caatinga and to describe this process. The study took place in the Brazilian semiarid region during the rainy season 2011 (January to August), where fifty 1m² plots were set up, 25 allocated to the microhabitat established as “between canopies” and 25 to the microhabitat “under the canopy”. The herbaceous species selected for the study were Delilia biflora (Asteraceae), Gomphrena vaga (Amaranthaceae) and Pseudabutilon spicatum (Malvaceae), abundant species occurring in both areas. All individuals from the selected populations were counted, marked with sequential numbers, and the height of the stem was measured. Differences between areas, and in size and survival between microhabitats, were found only for the first two species. Fruit production was higher in the mature forest for the three species. The study concluded that: 1. The effect of the microhabitats “between canopies” and “under the canopy” in mature and secondary forest areas depends on the species considered; 2. Populations sensitive to light intensity differ in number of individuals, height and fruit production; and 3. The resilience of anthropogenic areas in semiarid environments can be characterized by the presence of spatial heterogeneity with regard to the emergence and survival of herbaceous seedlings, suggesting that the regeneration of disturbed areas may occur in patches. 
Utilización tradicional y composición bioquímica de seis conchas de moluscos en Nigeria
Authors: Ademolu Kehinde O. , Akintola Mariam Y. , Olalonye Adebimpe O. , Adelabu Blessing A.
Published: April 2015

The shells of molluscs protect them from physical damage, predators and dehydration. We studied various local uses of shells and their biochemical properties in Abeokuta, Nigeria. A standard structured questionnaire about use was applied to 100 snail and herb sellers and shells from 120 adult individuals of Archachatina marginata, Achatina achatina, Achatina fulica, Littorina littorea, Meretrix lusoria and Merceneria mercenaria were evaluated for their mineral components (Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Na+, Zn+, P+, K+) and proximate composition (crude protein, ash, fibre, crude fat and carbohydrate) using standard methods. Properties against fungi and bacteria isolates were also tested. These shells are used for bleaching, brushing, abrasion and others. The weight of the shells varied from 0.5g (L. littorea) to 25.00g (A. marginata) and thickness from 0.46mm in M .lusoria to 5.35mm in M. mercenaria. We found no inhibitory effect against fungi and bacterial isolates. The molluscs are high in carbohydrates (83.54-92.76g/100g) and low in protein (0.16-0.38g/100g). The fat content ranged between 0.42g/100g and 0.82g/100g, and ash between 2.14g/100g and 9.45g/100g. Ca2+ was the most abundant (10.25-96.35mg/g) while K+ was the least abundant (0.3-0.7mg/g) (p<0.05). Active ingredients of these shells can be used in the feed and construction industries.
Spatial and temporal distribution of Trichoptera (Insecta) larvae in the Manzanares river Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (Colombia)
Authors: Serna M. Daniel José , Tamaris-Turizo Cesar Enrique , Gutiérrez Moreno Luis Carlos
Published: April 2015

The aquatic insects are important bioindicators of water quality in rivers and streams. The order Trichoptera is part of this group, plays an important role in aquatic systems and because of the multiple functions they fulfill, it is essential to know about their biodiversity. This study aimed to know the Trichoptera composition, and its spatial and temporal distribution, in close relationship with the available microhabitats, and some physical and chemical variables, in the middle and lower sections of the Manzanares river basin (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia). A total of eight microhabitats were sampled in three sites from August 2002 to February 2003, and during the rainy and dry seasons. A total sample of 3 316 Trichoptera larvae were collected, belonging to 10 family and 14 genera; six of these genera and one family are new records for the Magdalena department. The caddisflies presented the greatest abundance and richness on leaves in pool, leave in riffles and stones in riffle, where Nectopsyche (28%), Leptonema (17%) and Smicridea (15%) were the more predominant genus. Structure and composition of Trichoptera genus in each site changed in function to the rainfall pattern, and physical and chemical variables presented in the basin, showing the lowest abundance and richness during high rainfall period (October and November), and the greatest abundance and richness in low rainfall period (December, January and February). Likewise, stations with higher values of dissolved oxygen and lower in temperature and conductivity reported the greatest abundance of Trichoptera. The Trichoptera showed affinity to the specific microhabitats, variations in their composition in relationship whit climatic periods and pollution levels of the river. To know others aspects about the Trichoptera distribution, we recommended continuing these studies including annual cycles and increasing the altitudinal gradients.
Analysis of radionuclide migration with consideration of spatial and temporal change of migration parameters due to uplift and denudation
Authors: Shimada Taro , Takeda Seiji , Mukai Masayuki , Munakata Masahiro , Tanaka Tadao
Published: April 2015

Integrated safety assessment methodology that analyzes radionuclide migration reflecting the spatial and temporal changes of disposal systems was developed for a geological disposal site with uplift and denudation, and then some case analyses for an assumed site were carried out. The combination of uniform uplift and denudation has the largest effect on the radionuclide migration because the ground water flow velocity increases with decreasing depth from the ground surface. In the case without denudation, tilted uplift has more effect than uniform uplift because flow velocity in tilted uplift increases with increasing hydraulic gradient. The long-term change of the geological structures including the uplift and denudation, the hydraulic conditions, and the recharge and outlet of the ground water around a candidate site should be carefully investigated to determine the appropriate the place, depth and layout of the repository.
Preparation and Evaluation of Bimetallic Au Nano-Catalyst with Aerobic Oxidation of 1-Phenylethanol
Authors: Nishimura Shun , Takahashi Takamasa , Yakita Yusuke , Ebitani Kohki
Published: April 2015

Contributions of electronic (or ligand) and geometric (or ensemble) effects on the AuM bimetallic nano-catalyst were elucidated by using a simple aerobic oxidation of 1-phenylethanol to acetophenone on the basis of difference in the ionization energy values (Ei) between Au and M elements. The poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-protected Au60M40 bimetallic NPs (M = Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt and Ir) were prepared with a polyol reduction method, and stabilized onto the solid base hydrotalcite support affording the Au60M40-PVP/HT catalysts. The yields for acetophenone were observed as the following order; Au60Pd40-PVP/HT (>99%) >> Au60Ag40-PVP/HT (17.4%) > Au60Cu40-PVP/HT (13.8%) > Au60Pt40-PVP/HT (7.1%) > Au60Ir40-PVP/HT (5.5%), at 343 K for 6 h. Differences in the Ei between Au and M (EiAu-EiM) indicted that the yields over the Ag, Cu, Pt, and Ir incorporated Au catalysts were well-understood on the ligand effects theory, though geometric factors such as differences in nanostructure around Au atom in Au60M40 NPs on HT should be further considered as other contributed factors. The significant activity on Au60Pd40-PVP/HT was studied in terms of the electron density of Pd atoms. It was observed that the Pd 4d density was varied by the amount of Au loading. According to these observations combined with our previous studies, we suggest that the advantages in AuPd bimetallic catalyst are not only in the ligand effect serving negatively-charged Au but also the ensemble effect of neighbor Pd, and they synergistically contribute to the novel activity for aerobic alcohol oxidation over AuPd catalyst.
Air-Stable Nanopowders of Mixed Reactive Metals as Fuel Additives
Authors: Weismiller Michael R. , Huba Zachary J. , Maling Emily L. , Epshteyn Albert , Williams Bradley A.
Published: April 2015

Nano-sized metallic powders have advantages as fuels including faster, more complete combustion than micron-sized metal powder particles; however, the unpassivated nanoparticles of some metals of interest, such as Al, are pyrophoric and highly reactive, making them difficult to handle. Additionally, metal-hydrides are of great potential interest for a significant gravimetric energy increase without a penalty in the volumetric energy content, as the inclusion of hydrogen in the metallic matrix does not significantly decrease overall density of the material. Reactive metal amorphous powders produced by the sonochemical decomposition and dehydrogenation of an in situ-produced mixed borohydride-tetrahydroaluminate of titanium and containing hydrogen are examined in the current work and show exceptional air-stability and higher energy content than nano-Al. An aerosolized powder burner is used to investigate the combustion behavior of these powders mixed with gaseous fuels to quantify the energy density and reaction rate as compared to commercial aluminum powders in an effort to benchmark the performance of the sonochemically generated amorphous Ti-Al-B powder fuels.
Improvement of actions on emergency situations at transportation of dangerous freights by rail transport
Authors: Kosenko Ye. Ya. , Kukhlivs’kyi S. V. , Bondarenko B. M. , Podzigun I. I.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Improvement of actions of emergency-and-rescue services during elimination of emergency aftermaths on railway. The extraordinary situations of anthropogenic character on railway are determined by the features of striking factors and are divided into accidents (catastrophes), accompanied by exhausts (blow-outs, spills) of hazardous substances, fires, explosions, failures on engineering networks and systems of life-support, by destruction of buildings and structures, by accidents of transport vehicles, etc. At present, there is a problem of co-operation planning of troops and facilities, ministries and departments, which are ordered for eliminating the aftermaths of extraordinary situations, particularly at transporting dangerous freights by rail. Methodology. During the research the method of search optimization of existing systems improvement of analysis and forecast of extraordinary situations as well as the supervision and hour-by-hour registration of rescue services actions during trainings and in the real conditions of aftermaths eliminating of extraordinary situations were used. Findings. The problems to solve are notifying the population on the threat of extraordinary situations arising, informing in time about a current situation, maintaining emergency-and-rescue services in readiness to functioning in extraordinary situations, organizing the life-support of population in conditions of accidents, catastrophes, or a natural calamity. Originality. The features of civil defense organization at dangerous freights transportation are explored; the order of co-operation of emergency-and-rescue services during the elimination of emergency aftermaths of anthropogenic origin on railway is developed. It is resulted in creating the conditions of relative diminishment of losses and expenditures because of transport accidents, catastrophes, explosions, conflagrations and natural calamities. Practical value. It is necessary to plan emergency-and-rescue and other exigent works in the areas of extraordinary situations on railway at transportation of dangerous freights in the case of their occurrence with the simultaneous bringing the troops and facilities of ministries and departments, inter-sectoral consortia, corporations, business concerns, associations etc., which appear in the area of extraordinary situation with the preliminary determination of their subordination to implement these measures.
Electric pulse treatment of rim wheel metal after operation
Authors: Vakulenko L. I. , Sokyrko V. A. , Nadezhdin Y. L.
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Load increase on the wheel pair ax requires the use of railway wheels with the advanced complex of properties. Except strength properties, the properties of metal resistance to defect nucleation on the wheel thread are of high importance. The above mentioned properties increase is possible by using different technological decisions: alloying and heat strengthening. Purpose. The purpose is an attempt to estimate the softening degree of the wheel thread metal using the electric pulse treatment. Methodology. Electric pulse treatment (ET) was carried out on the special plant in the conditions of JSC DS (Nikolayev city). As the property of metal strength the Vickers hardness number is used. The microstructure research was carried out using the light microscope. The material for research is the carbon steel of the rim fragment of railway wheel №181732, withdrawn after operation, containing 0,55%С, 0,74%Mn, 0,33%Si, 0,009%P, 0,01%S, 0,06% Ni, 0,1%Cr, 0,08%Cu. Findings. Exposing the rim fragment to electric pulse treatment (ET), the qualitative changes of internal structure of the wheel rim metal corresponded to the experimentally observed geometrical dimensions change of the specimen, depending on the cycles number. As a result of the treatment the reduction of cold strained metal hardness is observed. It was found out 20 % softening on the wheel thread for the І rim area the, for the ІІ rim area the 8% softening and for the ІІІ 11% softening in relation to the initial state. Originality. As a result of electric pulse treatment, the change of the specimen geometrical dimensions is observed. Depending on the number of cycles it causes softening effect. It is proved that the observed softening value during ET is qualitatively connected with the cold strain level on the rail wheel thread. Practical value. As a result of metal cold work on the wheel thread its resistance to the defect nucleation is being reduced. The resulted data can be used during elaboration of measures to increase the operational safety of railway transport The technology development of the strain hardening embrittling influence reduce is an important scientific direction in further researches.
Comparative analysis of calculation models of railway subgrade
Authors: Petrenko V. D. , Yampolskiy D. O. , Sviatko I. O.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. In transport engineering structures design, the primary task is to determine the parameters of foundation soil and nuances of its work under loads. It is very important to determine the parameters of shear resistance and the parameters, determining the development of deep deformations in foundation soils, while calculating the soil subgrade - upper track structure interaction. Search for generalized numerical modeling methods of embankment foundation soil work that include not only the analysis of the foundation stress state but also of its deformed one. Methodology. The analysis of existing modern and classical methods of numerical simulation of soil samples under static load was made. Findings. According to traditional methods of analysis of ground masses work, limitation and the qualitative estimation of subgrade deformations is possible only indirectly, through the estimation of stress and comparison of received values with the boundary ones. Originality. A new computational model was proposed in which it will be applied not only classical approach analysis of the soil subgrade stress state, but deformed state will be also taken into account. Practical value. The analysis showed that for accurate analysis of ground masses work it is necessary to develop a generalized methodology for analyzing of the rolling stock - railway subgrade interaction, which will use not only the classical approach of analyzing the soil subgrade stress state, but also take into account its deformed one.
Energy saving at operation of outdoor swimming pools
Authors: Ivin V. F. , Bodnar B. Ye.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Energy saving is a major problem in modern power engineering and various energy-consuming devices. They include outdoor swimming pools. In order to maintain them in working condition, especially in winter period, it takes significant amount of thermal energy. Task of heat loss substantial decrease in open swimming pools is considered in the article (on DNURT example). Methodology. The method of determining the mass and heat loss on the basis of criteria equations of heat and mass transfer theory is used. Findings. Calculations of the actual DNURT pool heat loss for different seasons, as for natural convection both for air forced motion above the free water surface are performed. It is shown that for the adiabatic evaporation conditions of water from the pool in winter during blow-off with wind the heat loss can be up to 2 kW/m2 on surface. To reduce these losses it is offered to cover water surface in a pool with a special material with low thermal conductivity on the basis of porous polyethylene during the time when the pool is not used for other purposes. It is shown that the implementation of these standards will reduce the actual heat loss, at least 5-6 times. Originality. The solution of important environmental and energy problem thanks to reducing heat losses by the pool in different times of a year and correspondingly lower emissions of power generating enterprises. Practical value. It is shown that the coating surface of the pool with poorly heat-conducting and easy to install coating will let, at a minimum, to reduce the actual heat loss on 5-6 times and reduce the emissions of power plants generating energy for pool heating.
Complex strength-constrained topology structural optimization problem statement for rolling stock and special equipment of railway
Authors: Tovt B. M.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. The main paper purpose is the development of the topology structural optimization scientific basis regarding to the complicated optimization problems of rolling stock and special railway equipment structures. Methodology. Mathematical programming and mathematical modeling are the creating tools for the topology structural optimization problem statement for the rolling stock and special railway equipment. Findings. The fundamental review and analysis of the topology structural optimization modern state is executed. The classical variation problem statement and FE-statement of the topology optimization problem are in the paper. The stress-constrained structure mass minimization problem statement is considered. The stress-constrained topology optimization problems have some difficulties, which are considered in the paper in detail. The strength condition by the fatigue strength safety factor criterion is transformed to the strength condition by the allowable stresses criterion. Originality. Scientific novelty is the development of the optimal design theory adapted to solving the rolling stock and special railway equipment structures problems. Practical value. Practical importance of the research is the adaptation of the existing topology structural optimization problem statements to the railway engineering industry problems.
Hardness indices estimation of supporting structure elements of motor bogies of the electric train ED9M
Authors: Bondarev O. M. , Dzichkovskyy E. M. , Kryvchykov O. E. , Skoblenko V. M.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. The purpose of article is to develop the measures of hardness indices improvement of the supporting structures of motor cars of the electric trains ED9M. Methodology. In order to achieve the above stated aims the following measures had to be done: to develop a finite element model of the supporting structures of the motor bogie of the electric train ED9M, determine parameters of the developed model; perform the calculations to determine the stress-strain state during loads corresponding to different operating conditions with the search of geometric parameters reducing the highest stress levels. Findings. The obtained results of calculations (fields of stress distribution and strains in the elements of the motor bogie frame) from the viewpoint of the strength and stiffness discovered the best geometric parameters of the bearings in the central suspension beams of the electric trains ED9M in the places of load transmission from the car body to the bogie frame. Originality. Based on the developed finite element models and the theoretical and experimental researches the scientifically grounded modernization measures of the construction elements of the central suspension beams for motor bogies of the electric trains ED9M were developed. Practical value. It was developed an engineering solution concerning the measures to improve the strength and stiffness characteristics of the central suspension beams for the motor cars of the electric trains ED9M. It was given to the Ukrzaliznytsya’s professionals to implement them during repairs.
The field test results of geometric-force method for track state estimation
Authors: Kossov V. S. , Bidulya A. L. , Krasnov O. G. , Akashev M. G.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Study the possibility of using geometrically-force method to determine sections of high risk of derailment in railway stations at empty wagons movement. In the test program track diagnosing subject to longitudinal forces in the freight train effecting empty wagons is provided. Methodology. To this effect empty mineral wagon and thermal cistern were equipped with strain-gauge wheel sets, strain-gauge automatic coupler and other instruments, set in the freight train weighing 4500 t. Findings. In the course of this work it was ascertained that the geometric-force ethod gives possibility to receive additional information about the track condition from the position of empty cars stability against derailment. It is shown that some sections of high risk of derailment pieces of line does not discarded by traditional ways, based on an assessment of the geometric parameters of the way. Those track sections are identified by this method, which can not be evaluated by technical means, used currently on track measurement cars. Pieces of line with low parameters on empty cars stability against derailment are individual and they are determined not only by the sizes of deviations, but their form, a combination of different types of roughness, profile and defective elements of the permanent way. Originality. Geometric-force method should be considered as complementary to the existing technology assessment of the way on the geometrical parameters; its implementation will allow revealing the track section, dangerous for the motion of empty wagons. Practical value. For the geometrically-force method realization of assessment of the way in the railway network of JSC «Russian Railways» it is proposed on the basis of the accumulated statistics and experimental data in accordance with wagons tests with a high center of gravity to develop specialized software for wagons through gauges to assess ways bygeometrically-force method that excludes the use in technology assessment of the additional freight wagon way with a strain-gauge wheel sets.
Improving the stability of tonal track circuits under fluctuations of ballast resistance
Authors: Honcharov K. V.
Published: April 2015

Purpose.The purpose of investigation is the development of method for improving the stability of tonal track circuits that takes into account the actual insulation resistance (ballast resistance) of rail line.Methodology. To achieve the research purpose it was proposed to automatically determine the insulation resistance of rail line, and depending on this value to adjust the output voltage of track generator. Ballast resistance is determined by the value of input resistance the rail line, which at high frequencies practically is equal to the wave impedance. To implement the proposed method it is necessary to connect to the track circuit additional high-frequency generators, high-frequency filters, unit for finding the ballast resistance and adjusting the output voltage of track generator. Findings. As a result of research it was found that at low values (less than 2 Ohms*km) the change of ballast resistance causes significant change of voltage at the track receiver input, which may cause malfunction of the track circuit. Increasing the length of rail line leads to the reducing of its input resistance, raising the measuring frequency causes increasing the input resistance. In both cases, the input resistance tends to the value of the wave impedance. The measuring frequency should be chosen taking into account the length of rail line and the upper limit of ballast resistance, the value 5 Ohms*km can be taken as that limit. At higher values of ballast resistance its changes insignificantly influence the input voltage of track receiver. In this case, the adaptive adjustment of voltage at the track generator output is not performed. Originality. The method for measuring the insulation resistance of rail line has been improved that allows one to determine the ballast resistance automatically. The dependence between measuring frequency, length of rail line and ballast resistance have been determined. Practical value. The proposed method allows one to improve the reliability of tonal track circuits, to provide their stable operation under fluctuations of ballast resistance due to determination of the actual insulation resistance of rail line and the adaptation of track circuits to the actual conditions of their operation.
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of strength indices of bogie frame transoms for trailing cars of electric trains ER9M, ER9E
Authors: Bondarev O. M. , Kryvchykov O. E. , Yagoda D. A. , Bondareva V. S. , Ryadkovskiy V. V.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. The article objectives are to identify the factors, which can contribute to the formation of cracks and to develop the measures on improving the strength indices of bogie frame transoms of trailing cars. Methodology. In order to achieve these objectives, in performing the work it was conducted the inspection of the technical condition of supporting structures for bogie frames of trailing cars; measured the Brіnell hardness numbers and estimated the endurance limits of transom material; tested on determination of the levels of efforts and stresses being created in the specified transoms under operation; developed the computational models for the theoretical determination of stress levels in the transom by simulating both normal and abnormal conditions of operating loading. Findings. Based on the analysis of results obtained: the situations with the highest stress levels were found; the measures on improving the strength indices of bogie frame transoms of trailing cars were developed. Originality. Based on the experimental and theoretical studies, the scientific monitoring of works to develop the measures on improving the strength indices of bogie frame transoms of trailing cars was carried out. Practical value. The developed measures on improving the strength indices were passed to professionals of Ukrzaliznytsia to introduce the proposed activities during the repairs of electric trains of specified series.
Dynamic sufficiency of the magnetically suspended train
Authors: Polyakov V. A. , Khachapuridze N. M.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. The basic criterion of the magnetically suspended train's consumer estimation is a quality of its mechanical motion. This motion is realized in unpredictable conditions and, for purposefulness preservation, should adapt to them. Such adaptation is possible only within the limits of system’s dynamic sufficiency. Sufficiency is understood as presence at system of resources, which allow one to realize its demanded motions without violating actual restrictions. Therefore presence of such resources is a necessary condition of preservation of required purposefulness of train's dynamics, and verification of the mentioned sufficiency is the major component of this dynamic research. Methodology. Methods of the set theory are used in work. Desirable and actual approachability spaces of the train are found. The train is considered dynamically sufficient in zones of the specified spaces overlapping. Findings. Within the limits of the accepted treatment of train's dynamic sufficiency, verification of its presence, as well as a stock (or deficiency) of preservations can be executed by the search and the subsequent estimation of such overlapping zones. Operatively (directly during motion) it can be realized on the train's ODC with use, for example, of computer mathematics system Mathematica. It possesses extensive opportunities of highly efficient and, at the same time, demanding an expense concerning small resources information manipulation. The efficiency of using of created technique is illustrated on an example of vehicle's acceleration research. Calculation is executed with use of the constructed computer model of interaction of an independent traction electromagnetic subsystem of an artifact with its mechanical subsystem. Originality. The technique of verification of the high-speed magnetically suspended train's dynamic sufficiency is developed. The technique is highly efficient, it provides sufficient presentation and demands an expense of the moderate resources at use (especially in cases of not too high dimensions of spaces of conditions and decision-making of system). Practical value. The technique can be used with success during dynamic research, including the magnetically suspended trains.
Contradiction between technocratic and humanistic systems of values
Authors: Kazakevich M. I. , Guzova I. I.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is determination of difference between technocratic and humanistic value systems. The authors also suggest to outline the range of issues specific to modern technological civilization, reflect its controdictory nature, as well as to focus on the university activity fields concerning formation and/or restoration of technocratic and humanitarian balance. Methodology. The most important methodological principle of the work is a systematic approach. It has determined logic of description and conclusion. During the study authors analyzed separate aspects of social development of the late 20th – early 21st centuries, as well as content analysis of the global information flow (documentary and non-documentary) on this topic and their own observations, obtained during the implementation of long-term educational and scientific practices at the university. It is, for example, drawing up a comparative table of technocratic and humanistic value systems. The authors have conducted a comparative analysis of 2 Sociological Research data (2009 and 2013 years) among university youth of Dnipropetrovsk "Modern Library by Students′ Eyes" and trending concerning the issues about the role of reading in the students lives. Findings. The difference between the technocratic and humanistic value systems was determined. Contemporary problems of the personal intellectual development in the process of education and training in technical universities during the dominance of technocratic value systems were outlined. Attention is focused on the university directions on formation and / or restoration of technocratic and humanitarian balance. Originality. The authors have analyzed and outlined a range of issues specific to contemporary industrial civilization, its controversial nature was reflected. Rebalancing of the technocratic and humanitarian is one of the major tasks in our time. The directions of universities activities were determined. Practical value. Highlighting the several problems solving necessity will ensure harmony in the interaction of technocratic and humanistic value systems. The material presented in this article can be used in the teaching of Humanities and Social Sciences, in the activities of various cultural and informational, mass-cultural, social structures of the University; the activity directions of which suggest a sociocultural understanding of technology, its achievements, the consequences of its development, the responsibility for its use, contributing to the restoration of harmony in the development of human and technological spheres.
The method of quality indicators evaluation for non-profit organizations activities
Authors: Zelikman V. D. , Rubets O. Yu.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Development of evaluation method of quality indicators for non-profit organizations activities in existing domestic conditions. Methodology. To achieve the research purposes a comparative analysis of some existing methods which were suggested by famous foreign experts for evaluation of organizational development level of non-profit organizations was used. Findings. The system of indicators suggested by C. McNamara for organizational development level assessment of non-commercial organizations and its correspondence for existing conditions of non-profit organizations activities in Ukraine have been analyzed. The technique of A. Vakulenko for qualitative evaluation of Russian non-commercial organizations has also been considered which includes five blocks of parameters for evaluation of internal organizational environment factors according their influence for external organizational environment and support of this influence. The possibility of the designated parameters application applications for domestic non-profit organizations is determined. Based on the separated elements of considered methodic the method of quality indicators evaluation of activities effectiveness for non-profit organizations in Ukraine is developed. Originality. The adapted method of quality indicators evaluation for non-profit organizations activities based on an analysis of their assessing existing methods is offered. Practical value. Non-profit organizations activities require usage of the certain material and financial resources. It leads to the need of an objective evaluation of the activity effectiveness for the particular non-profit organization and therefore to development of that assessment methods.
To the question of scientific justification of the interests on deposits and credit
Authors: Pshinko O. M. , Myamlin V. V. , Myamlin S. V.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. To analyze the need of loans in the form they are presented today at the present stage of economic functioning. To develop a systematic group of actions in order to allow the “economic and financial” system of the country to work efficiently, irrespective of economic and financial world cataclysms. Methodology. Computer simulation model of monetary movement in the state is developed and tested. Conclusions. A retrospective analysis of the essence of theories of credit and lending rate has been made. Some aspects of interest receiving on deposits and loans from the point of view of a radically new economic model of management, which based on the "National economy high-performance theory», are considered. Using the simulation modeling the negative influence of bank interest on the national economy general development is indicated. It is proved that the main reason of the “financial and economic crisis” is the economic category of “profit”. Originality. A radically new model of banking system functioning in the country is proposed. This system allows one to create synergistic economic effect. Practical value. Implementation of the given model will provide the GDP growth for the 2–2.5 times as early as the first years. The economic effect of the introduction can bring about 1 trillion UAH.
Review of experience of major reform of railways of the world
Authors: Martsenyuk L. V.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. To evaluate the possibility of the foreign countries experience in the reforming of railway transport of Ukraine. Methodology. On the basis of comparative analysis the suitability of foreign experience of infrastructure branches reformation, dividing the range of problems to the questions of ideological and methodological character, and of course, taking into account the peculiarities of the situation in Ukraine is estimated. As for the first range of problems, it is, first of all, the choice of the form of ownership. Findings. Experience shows that both types of property have not only the beneficial but also the negative impacts. On the one hand, it is the state railways have the conditions for development and implementation of the new technologies such as high-speed trains, construction of which, as well as construction of specialized lines would be impossible without appropriate research base, and without public funding. On the other – private companies. operating on a concession basis, usually provide a higher level of services at affordable rates. Originality. It can be concluded that there is no direct correlation between the ownership form of railroads and economic or qualitative characteristics of their work. The necessity of various forms of technical and economic relationships, the existence of separate railways at the regional and local levels, which offers a great opportunity to overcome the monotony of operation, in the development of railways towards greater differentiation of service levels is proved. This however does not mean that the only alternative is to sell concessions to private enterprises, especially if the transfer of ownership is not supplemented by commitments to support public transport at a certain level. Practical value. Examples of positive governance are opposed to the equal examples of private management and vice versa. Deep analysis of reforming experience of world leading railways will prevent from mistakes during "UZ" reforming.
Definition method signal filtering irregularity crankshaft speed of diesel
Authors: Bodnar B. Ye. , Ochkasov O. B. , Chernyayev D. Ch.
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Determination of signal processing techniques uneven angular velocity of the crankshaft of diesel locomotive for the release of the signal from the noise. Methodology. One of the implementations of strategy development and implementation of folding diagnosing diesel engines in service is a method of folding diagnostics and condition monitoring of diesel locomotive for uneven speed of the crankshaft. The disadvantages of the method of averaging the data and the technique of non-repeatable evaluation cycles diesel are analyzed. Findings. Signal receiving of uneven speed is achieved by using angular velocity sensor, which is used as an incremental encoder. The block diagram of the device and the parameters of the received signal have been shown. Typical graphic interpretations of the angular velocity signal are presented. Using of FIR filter was proposed and its parameters were dimensioned. The analysis of the spectrograms of the signals in both measurement modes speed signal was carried out and the filter cut-off frequency was selected. The solution of the problem of the phase shift filtering results is presented. Originality.The importance of the digital filter is substantiated. The approach, which allows the use of non-repeatable indicator cycles as an additional indicator of the diesel engine is developed. Practical value.Problem solving of signal processing allows receiving a useful signal not taking into account noise impact, which distorts the true picture of the physical process.