bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precise dynamic characterization of microcombs assisted by an RF spectrum analyzer with THz bandwidth and MHz resolution
Authors: Wang Ruolan , Chen Liao , Hu Hao , Zhao Yanjing , Zhang Chi , Zhang Wenfu , Zhang Xinliang
Published: January 2021

The radio frequency (RF) spectrum of microcombs can be used to evaluate its phase noise features and coherence between microcomb teeth. Since microcombs possess characteristics such as high repetition rate, narrow linewidth and ultrafast dynamical evolution, there exists strict requirement on the bandwidth, resolution and frame rate of RF measurement system. In this work, a scheme with 1.8-THz bandwidth, 7.5-MHz spectral resolution, and 100-Hz frame rate is presented for RF spectrum measurement of microcombs by using an all-optical RF spectrum analyzer based on cross-phase modulation and Fabry Perot (FP) spectrometer, namely FP-assisted light intensity spectrum analyzer (FP-assisted LISA). However, extra dispersion introduced by amplifying the microcombs will deteriorate the bandwidth performance of measured RF spectrum. After compensating the extra dispersion through monitoring the dispersion curves measured by FP-assisted LISA, the more precise RF spectra of microcombs are measured. Then, the system is used to measure the noise sidebands and line shape evolution of microcombs within 2s temporal window, in which dynamic RF combs variation at different harmonic frequencies up to 1.96 THz in modulation instability (MI) state and soliton state are recorded firstly. Therefore, the improved bandwidth and resolution of FP-assisted LISA enable more precise measurement of RF spectrum, paving a reliable way for researches on physical mechanism of microcombs.
Design aspects of large-aperture MODE lenses
Authors: Milster Tom D. , Wang Zichan , Kim Young Sik
Published: January 2021

Design aspects of multiple-order diffraction engineered surface (MODE) lenses are discussed that result in significant improvement of geometrical off-axis performance. A new type of aberration that is characteristic of this type of segmented lens, which is called zonal field shift, is minimized by curving front intercepts of zone transitions. Three MODE designs are compared, based on a 240 mm aperture, 1 m focal length system with a 0.125° half field angle over the astronomical R wavelength band (589 nm to 727 nm). Optimized curved-front designs indicate diffraction-limited monochromatic geometrical performance over the full field of view. A technique is implemented with a combination of a non-sequential ray-trace model and a diffraction code to model physical optical effects, which indicates that the modulation transfer function (MTF) of MODE lenses are significantly improved compared to a first-order equivalent refractive achromat.
EL DERECHO AL ACCESO A LA INFORMACIÓN: ¿CONTINGENCIA O PANDEMIA? SUS EFECTOS JURÍDICOS. CASO COVID-19
Authors: Leal Espinoza José Luis , De la Vega Daniel Garza
Published: January 2021

El aspecto jurídico de una pandemia (crisis sanitaria mundial del COVID-19) puede ser estudiada desde el ámbito de aplicación sustantiva del acceso al derecho a la información, además del debate sobre la efectividad con la que el gobierno mexicano protege a sus ciudadanos del Estado para no generar caos, desestabilización socialy permear un estado de derecho efectivo-positivo. En este artículo, la interpretación de la ley desde la aplicación en el campo del rigor formal ayudará a los expertos a tomar decisiones inmediatas con el propósito inherente de salvaguardar la vida de los ciudadanos del Estado Mexicano. Para ello, se requiere un verdadero acceso a la información, armando un equipo interdisciplinario para la toma de decisiones, para evitar el miedo, el estrés, el cansancio, la frustración, el pánico, la depresión, la ansiedad entre otros.
SOVRANITÀ DEI TECNOCRATI, MECCANISMO EUROPEO DI STABILITÀ E L’EMERGENZA DA COVID-19
Authors: Salmoni Fiammetta
Published: January 2021

Il 9 aprile 2020, a Bruxelles, l’Eurogruppo ha raggiunto l’accordo sintetizzato nel Report on the comprehensive economic policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic, nel quale si dichiara che “è necessaria una strategia coordinata e globale per far fronte alle esigenze dell’emergenza sanitaria, sostenere le attività economiche e preparare il terreno per la ripresa”, una strategia che “dovrebbe combinare iniziative a breve, medio e lungo termine, tenendo conto delle ricadute e delle interconnessioni” tra le diverse economie degli Stati dell’Eurozona, considerando altresì la “necessità di preservare lafiducia e la stabilità”. Tra queste iniziative, si distingue, per la sua rilevanza, ma anche per la sua problematicità e la conflittualità che ha scatenato tra le forze politiche nazionali e finanche all’interno della stessa maggioranza di governo, il ricorso al Meccanismo europeodi stabilità (MES) sotto la forma di una speciale linea di credito, denominata Pandemic Crisis Support (PCS), che dovrebbe basarsi sull’esistente Enhanced Conditions Credit Line (ECCL) e “adjusted in light of this specific challenge, as a relevant safeguard foreuro area Member States affected by this external shock”.
COVID-19: IMPACTOS Y EFECTOS. UNA REFLEXIÓN DESDE EL INICIO DEL FIN DEL CONFINAMIENTO
Authors: Sánchez Bravo Álvaro A.
Published: January 2021

El mundo vive una crisis sanitaria, humanitaria y económica sin precedentes en el último siglo y que evoluciona continuamente ante la pandemia del Coronavirus o COVID–19. Se desconoce cuál será su duración, cuál su extensión y las formas en la que tan la anhelada recuperación llegará. Si queremos superar esta crisis planetariadebemos cambiar el paradigma. Nuestra tradicional apelación al Estado como garante de nuestros derechos, no debe ocultar nuestro compromiso individual y colectivo. Debemos esforzarnos por cambiar, adaptarnos a la nueva vida que está por llegar, y que supone, y supondrá, renuncias y sacrificios a los que no estamos acostumbrados. Lo que está en juego es nada menos que la propia vida.
PROTECTION OF FORCED MIGRANTS WITH IRREGULAR STATUS DURING THE PANDEMIC GENERATED BY COVID-19: AN ANALISYS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ON MIGRANTS’ RIGHTS
Authors: Vieira Brigido Eveline , Wust Zibetti Fabíola
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the protection of forced migrants with irregular status, in times of a pandemic, based upon an analogy with cases of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on migrants’ rights. First,this article analyzes the relationship between the migration crisis and the health crisis. Next, it studies the vulnerability and legal protection of forced migrants, according to international and regional legal documentsand the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. These documents and decisions are then interpreted, seeking to understand the protection of migrants in times of pandemic. This article concludes thatforced migrants with irregular status have the same rights as nationals and migrants with regular status during the pandemic period, but that the difficulty lies in the realization of such rights.
EL SIGNIFICADO DE LA PALABRA “SACRAMENTUM” EN EL PROCESO JUDICIAL ROMANO
Authors: Di Pietro Alfredo Gustavo
Published: January 2021

El significado de la palabra sacramentum es fundamental para comprender la relación entre los ritos y el derecho. La mayoría de los artículos especializados, procuran explicar el significado de la palabra sacramentum a partir de los textos de Lactancio.Sin embargo, el vocablo sacramentum, tiene un origen precristiano. En Instituta, Gayo menciona el sacramentum como una legis actio es decir una acción judicial de carácter general. Y dice que estas acciones eran acomodadas a las leyes -acommodatae erant-.Pero las leyes a las que se refiere Gayo deben ser entendidas en un sentido amplio, característico del pensamiento estoico. Así, el significado de sacramentum se vincula con la lex caelestis, con el vocablo sacrificium, y asimismo con el vocablo juramentum.Lactancio va a dar al vocablo sacramentum, un sentido cristiano. Tanto el sentido pagano del sacramentum, como el sentido cristiano, se van a mantener vigentes durante la edad media.
DO COLONIALISMO DA “SUPEREXPLORAÇÃO” AO COSMOPOLITISMO DO “DEVER DE RESPEITO” AOS DIREITOS HUMANOS POR EMPRESAS MINERADORAS NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Saldanha Jânia
Published: January 2021

A temática da pesquisa está na internacionalização do direito, analisando a responsabilidade corporativa na mineração transnacional. Depreende-se, no contexto latino-americano, se a mineração transnacional é incentivada e se esse fomento ocorre à custa dos direitos humanos. Para tanto, dividiu-se o artigo em duas partes. Na primeira, a “maldição das fontes”, foi apresentada em três vieses: a) insuficiências das respostas desenvolvimentistas neoclássicas para  emancipação” da ideia de progresso pelas capacidades humanas; b) colonialismo cultural ínsito ao segmento, dividindo Norte e Sul Globais, e promovendo desigualdades; e c) mineração na América Latina, pela descrição dos números da indústria e crítica à assimetria normativa traduzida na irresponsabilidade das mineradoras. Na segunda, investigaram-se os efeitos na mineração transnacionalna América Latina, sobre os DESCA e a criminalização dos defensores dos direitos humanos. Finalmente, apresenta-se a RSE, propondo-se a potencialidade cosmopolítica do dever de respeito como uma possibilidade ao extrativismo responsável.
INOVAÇÃO NO ENSINO JURÍDICO: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DO PROGRAMA LÍDERES QUE TRANSFORMAM E A ESCOLA DO DIREITO DA PÓSGRADUAÇÃO LATO SENSU
Authors: De Morais Sales Lilia Maia , Castro Rosa Beatriz
Published: January 2021

Diante dos desafios apresentados pela contemporaneidade e ao compreender a educação como um espaço de alargamento da consciência crítica, observa-se a necessidade de inovações por parte das Instituições de Ensino Superior quanto à formação de seus futuros profissionais. Considerando o papel dos cursos de pós-graduação lato sensu para a formação e atualização dos profissionais do Direito, compreende-se a necessidade que estes profissionais estejam preparados para resolver problemas reais e sejam capazes de conjecturar sobre o respeito à diversidade e de promover a cidadania e a dignidade humana. Assim, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo desenhar um modelo metodológico de formação jurídica que desenvolva estes profissionais. Como objetivos específicos, tem-se de compreender o perfil do profissionaldas carreiras jurídicas exigido pelo contexto e analisar os tipos de currículo adequados para o desenvolvimento deste perfil. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, que embasou a experiência a ser relatada. Na primeira seção do trabalho, apresentam-se os resultados referentes ao estudo do perfil do profissional de Direito para o século XXI, enquanto na segunda seção apresenta-se o modelo de currículo por competências como uma estratégia metodológica para o desenvolvimento desse perfil. Por fim, apresenta-se relato de experiência da Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu na Universidade de Fortaleza, com o Programa “Líderes que Transformam”, um modelo curricular orientado à resolução de problemas reais por meio da apresentação de ações, projetos ou produtos, tendo como meio o desenvolvimento de competências. Acreditase que a apresentação das fases de execução de desenho curricular poderá servir como potencial modelo para outras IES durante o processo de reflexão sobre suas práticas curriculares.
Programas Sociais
Authors: Silveira Edna , Dalmaschio Luciani
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo teve por finalidade analisar as nomeações de Programas Sociais realizadas por meio de formações nominais (FN), a fim de verificar como tais formações se constituem interna e externamente e, uma vez constituídas, em qual(is) domínio(s) discursivo(s) elas se ancoram, ou seja, quais traços histórico-sociais atuam na enunciação dessas formas. Para tanto, nosso trabalho ancorou-se nos pressupostos teóricos estabelecidos pela Semântica da Enunciação. Nessa direção, tomamos como objeto específico de análise as nomeações dos Programas Amigos da Escola; Bolsa Família; Ciência sem Fronteiras; Fome Zero e Minha Casa, Minha Vida. De posse dessas FNs, analisamos como se manifesta o processo articulatório entre os nomes-núcleos e os determinantes, enquanto elementos de perspectivação. Como resultado de nossa análise, constatamos que as FNs em observação se articulam de forma sub e internominal, conforme postulados de Dias (2018). Além disso, observamos, também, que a significação dos elementos das formações nominais ocorre em “bloco”, não isoladamente, tampouco somente por um processo de composicionalidade. Dito de outro modo: a construção dos efeitos de sentido desses elementos é, antes de tudo, social, histórica e, portanto, enunciativa.
Sequências explicativas em textos de museus de ciências e tecnologia
Authors: Tcacenco Lucas Meireles
Published: January 2021

Este artigo visa a analisar um corpus de textos do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCT-PUCRS). Como parâmetro de análise, resgata-se o trabalho de Jean-Michel Adam (2019) sobre sequências textuais. Dentre os cinco tipos de sequências textuais apresentados pelo autor, são destacadas as sequências explicativas. Concluiu-se que o modelo prototípico de sequências explicativas é aplicável a textos do MCT-PUCRS. Também se observou que um mesmo texto do MCT-PUCRS pode apresentar várias sequências textuais. Como perspectivas futuras, sugerem-se análises envolvendo as outras sequências textuais em textos desse mesmo tipo.
O que se entende por Retórica da Guerra Cultural
Authors: Santos Frederico Rios C. dos
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo chegar a uma caracterização do que se denomina aqui por Retórica da Guerra Cultural. Por meio de algumas categorias da Retórica, da noção de contrato de comunicação, de regras do suporte, do estilo, do debate e da argumentação propostas por alguns cientistas da linguagem, a análise recai sobre o corpus de apoio representado por postagens em redes sociais em dois momentos de polêmica pública no Brasil contemporâneo: o da Vaza-Jato e o do atentado a Jair Bolsonaro quando era candidato a presidente da República. Chegou-se a algumas constantes sobre o que serviria de parâmetro de definição da dita Retórica da Guerra Cultural, o que pode futuramente ser testado por meio outros corpora e contextos de análise.
Auto de resistência
Authors: Cambraia César Nardelli
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar uma análise jurídico-terminológica em uma perspectiva histórica do termo auto de resistência. Adotaram-se como fundamentação teórica conceitos da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia e da Socioterminologia. Do ponto de vista metodológico, coletaram-se dados de bases digitais de normas jurídicas e de periódicos brasileiros. Hipotetizou-se que o percurso diacrônico desse termo está relacionado a mudanças sócio-históricas. A análise revelou (a) que o termo auto de resistência ingressou explicitamente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro através de uma norma infralegal (Portaria "E", nº 0030, de 06/12/1974) e (b) que uma dada mudança sócio-histórica (a criação de duas normas infralegais específicas entre os anos de 1969 e 1974) resultou em mudanças conceituais no termo auto de resistência (com ampliação de seu escopo da esfera processual civil para a penal e a processual penal), tendo essas mudanças causado uma nova mudança sócio-histórica (emprego cada vez mais frequente do termo em ocorrências com mortes causadas por agentes do Estado em função de procedimentos especiais em que sua presença resulta).
No Trouble
Authors: Craig William Lane
Published: January 2021

Eric Wielenberg’s two alleged contradictions in my view of God, time, and creation are easily resolved. The first is dissolved by appreciating that God’s power to create the universe is a modal property which God may possess but even if He never in fact exercises that power. The second contradiction evaporates once one adopts a relational view of time.
Role of Connectedness to Nature and Perceived Environmental Responsibility on Green Purchase Behaviour
Authors:   Institute of Management, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Jaiswal Jayshree , Bihari Seema ,   Institute of Management, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Published: January 2021

An increase in the consumption of goods and services has led to a detrimental effect on the environment, and there is a need to understand green purchase behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to study the role of connectedness to nature and perceived environmental responsibility on the green purchase behaviour of consumers. The sample comprised of individuals above the age of 20 years from urban parts of India. Data analysis consisted of structural equation modelling and AMOS. The mediation effect of perceived environmental responsibility was assessed using Hayes Process test and Sobel test. The results show that perceived environmental responsibility mediates the relationship between connectedness to nature and green purchase behaviour. Marketing managers can effectively target consumers by triggering a stronger connection to nature and highlighting their responsibility to protect the environment. The study provides insights into consumer psychology and marketing theory and adds to the emergent literature related to consumer green purchasing behaviour in a developing nation.
Airline Passengers’ Perceived Sacrifice and Green Practices Adoption Behaviours
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kolej Laila Taib, Sarawak, Malaysia, Wong Lim Jin , Sia Joseph Kee Ming ,   Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business, Curtin University Malaysia, Ling Tonny Heng Yew ,   School of Engineering and Technology, University College of Technology Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine factors that influence airline passenger’s behaviour towards green practices adoption by exploring perceived sacrifice as an antecedent to behavioural intentions to adopt green practices and green practices adoption behaviour. This study adopted the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as the fundamental framework. The key factors of airline passenger’s green practices adoption behaviour are attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, behavioural intention and perceived sacrifice. Four hundred copies of questionnaires were distributed to airline passengers to investigate their green practices adoption behaviours. The data collected were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results indicated that all theory of planned behaviour components directly or indirectly influence airline passenger’s green practices adoption behaviour. Besides, perceived sacrifice negatively influences airline passenger’s behavioural intention to adopt green practices and green practices adoption behaviour. The results of the study allow airlines to formulate their marketing strategies to both enhancing environmental protection efforts and attracting environmentally responsible passengers. To the best of researchers’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies that examines perceived sacrifice as an antecedent to behavioural intention and behaviour amongst airline passengers in a developing country, hence contributing to existing literature.
Does Organization Inclusion Matter in Expatriate Mission Accomplishment?
Authors:   College of Management, Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan, Wan Hooi Lai
Published: January 2021

The main goal of the study is to explore if organisational inclusion features prominently in the expatriation policies of companies in emerging markets. In this study, the expatriation policies of three Taiwanese financial services institutions were examined to establish the presence or lack of organisational inclusion and its effect on expatriate mission accomplishment. In-depth interviews with the expatriates and faceto-face focus group discussions with senior HR managers at their headquarters in Taipei were employed to collect data from financial services institutions. The findings revealed that organisational inclusion is low, but the organizations are considering a more inclusive approach in future. Among the factors that emphasize the need for more organisational inclusion expatriation are cultural competence, social norms adjustment, positive mindset, professional skills and career-related factors. The study contributes to knowledge on how the financial services industry in emerging economies in the Chinese context view organisational inclusion in their expatriation policies. It further provides an insight of the necessity to embrace organisational inclusion in the expatriation policies to enhance expatriate mission accomplishment.
Zhong-Yong Thinking and Employees’ Behaviour at the Workplace: Setting a Research Agenda
Authors:   Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia, Ning Binyao ,   Shaoguan University, Guangdong, China, Omar Rosmini ,   Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia, Ye Ye ,   Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: January 2021

As the essence of traditional Chinese culture, Zhong-Yong is closely related to the psychology, behaviour, and life of Chinese people. Due to the advent of indigenous psychological research, several studies have explored Zhong-Yong thinking (ZYT) in recent decades, but such research is still in its infancy. Although some scholars have affirmed that the influence of ZYT on the Chinese people, the systematic synthesis of the impact of Zhong-Yong thinking on employee’s behaviour at the workplace is limited. Based on the established literature, this study offers a systematic review of 22 selected articles in the field by conducting a bibliometric analysis to categorise the three main clusters of innovative behaviour, voice behaviour, and employee performance. The findings of this study enable future researchers to gain a deeper understanding and enrich the field by offering a wide range of perspectives on the direction of research. Theoretical and practical implications for Asian business context are provided.
Improvement of forage lands in Central Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia by using some integrated approaches
Authors: Aldoshin Nikolay Vasilievich , Vasiliev Alexander Sergeevich , Kudryavtsev Andrey Vasilievich , Firsov Anton Sergeevich , Golubev Vyacheslav Viktorovich , Vasilieva Lyudmila Yuryevna
Published: January 2021

In an activity system aimed at creation of high-quality fodder base for animal agriculture, crop science plays the main role. It facilitates the increase in the productivity of forage crops, which guarantees the relevance of efficiency studies and the developed technologies for improving forage lands. The research was aimed at studying the impact of integrated approaches to improving forage lands in the Central Non-Black Earth Zone. The objectives of the research were as follows: to present a methodology for monitoring agricultural fields for the subsequent improvement of forage lands; to develop an efficient technology for improving forage lands using modern mechanization means; to study the productivity of different grass mixtures when implementing various options for soil cultivation. Based on the results of three years of theoretical and experimental research, a technological scheme for fodder land improvement (including technical processes) was compiled: monitoring of fields, preparation of grass mixtures and mineral fertilizers, preparation and tuning of machine-tractor aggregates, assessment of the yield of two-time grass cutting and secondary monitoring of fields. The proposed technology included several levelling technological operations (including levelling of hillocks), operations for the preparation of the seedbed and the seed material in the form of grass mixtures and mineral fertilizers and subsequent strip sowing. It has been established that when improving fodder lands as well as the quality of soil preparation, the prevalence of milling created more favorable conditions for increasing productivity of perennial grasses compared to disking.
An overview of the genus Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae) in India
Authors: Waris Raza , Tripathi Shailja , Shukla Amritesh Chandra , Agnihotri Priyanka
Published: January 2021

The present paper depicts an overview and elucidated assessment of published data and herbarium records on the diversity, distribution pattern, endemism and threat status of Dioscorea spp. to get availed with extant stature and design strategies for its effective conservation. Dioscorea nested under family Dioscoreceae is a pantropical genus comprising about 682 species. In India, the genus is known to possess 42 taxa (41 species and one variety). Dioscorea L. is highly regarded for its nutritional and medicinal values having a significant role in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Several species of Dioscorea contain various biologically active molecules that show anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fertility effects and thereby known for alleviating medicinal curses.
Mid storage seed hardening: a mechanical method to maintain seed viability during long term jute seed preservation
Authors: Uddin Md. Nasir , Ali S. M. Mahbub , Sadat Md. Abu , Chowdhury Md Amazed Hossain , Mumu Israt Jahan , Tareq Md. Zablul
Published: January 2021

Seed plays an important role in agricultural sector for both production and consumption purpose. Availability of vigour seed is one of the major constraints for maximizing crop production. However, healthy seed can also lose its viability during seed storage by changing different physio-chemical properties. Influence of environmental factors and seed containers during storage leading to seed deterioration. In this research, mid storage seed hardening treatment was applied in different aged seeds of jute species (C. Capsularis & C. olitorius) with two types of storage bags. Seed hardening treatment showed the less moisture content with better germination percentage compared to the untreated species of jute seeds. Seed packing in polythene bags during both short and long term seed storages had higher viable seeds compared to the cloth packing seeds. The effect of seed hardening treatment on seed oil content and pattern of oil degradation is distinct in early period of storage. The faster rate of oil degradation, soluble protein and free amino acids was found in seeds of un-treated stored seeds in cloth bag. Contrary, very slow rate of oil degradation was observed in harden seed and stored in polythene bag which indicated better storability of harden seeds.
Anticoagulant, fibrinogenolytic and anti-platelet aggregation activities of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet seed radicle aqueous extract
Authors: Thoyajakshi R S , Poornima D
Published: January 2021

The current study explores the anticoagulant, fibrinogenolytic and anti-platelet aggregation activities of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet seed radicle extract (LPRE). It is firstly reported that LPRE has protein at a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml and further evaluated for protein in gel electrophoresis. The proteolytic activity of LPRE was evaluated using casein and gelatin as substrate. LPRE showed a specific activity of 0.35 U. LPRE increased the plasma clotting time significantly showing its anticoagulant property. LPRE hydrolyzed the A?, B? and ? chains of fibrinogen. Furthermore, LPRE significantly inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by agonist adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
Medicinal plants and phytotherapy in Iran: Glorious history, current status and future prospects
Authors: Amiri Mohammad Sadegh , Yazdi Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh , Rahnama Mostafa
Published: January 2021

This study is an endeavour to analyse the status of medicinal plants research in Iran. Because of its exceptional phytogeography, Iran has a unique and diverse flora. It is estimated that, 8167 species of vascular plants are present in Iran of which about 2075 have medicinal importance. Situated at the heart of the Silk Road, Iran enjoys a mix of cultures providing a rich backbone for the development of traditional herbal medicine practices. Notwithstanding the brilliant history in traditional medicine and success of investigation to produce herbal medicines, attempts in recent decades, face many challenges. Many text and paper about these concerns were never translated in English. Strong need was felt to record such data of medicinal plants of Iran, their conservation status and related information. The scattered literature over medicinal plants of Iran were collected, analysed and presented in this review, highlighting not only their therapeutic potential but also concerns about product authenticity, quality, safety and efficacy. This will provide ways for future scientific research in this area. Awareness of critical issues in traditional medicinal herbs can play a pivotal role in the discovery and development of plant based drugs and to sustain consumer confidence.
Characterization of sodium alginate extracted from brown seaweeds growing on Veraval coast, Gujarat
Authors: Dangar Kiran , Varsani Vaishali , Vyas Suhas
Published: January 2021

Marine environment is a major potential source of functional materials, including polysaccharides, vitamins, enzymes, oils, antioxidants and peptides. All these materials are extracted from different marine living organisms including microbes, plants and animals. Among these seaweeds or marine macroalgae are one of the important sources and they are a part of staple diet from time immemorial in the orient as they are nutritionally rich materials. Those species that adapted to these pressures will expand their living boundaries and higher potential of row material availability in industry like pharmaceutical market, textile, fertilizer and for animal and human consumption. The present study concerns about the specific brown seaweeds, which is suitable material for alginate and growing abundantly at seacoast of Gujarat. Out of many species of seaweeds growing on the coastline of Veraval, four species viz., Sargassum tenerrimum, Dictyota dichotoma, Spathoglossum asperum, Iyengaria stellata were selected for alginate extraction. The focus of this study is to utilize natural resources as alternatives and sustainability of human health to use sodium alginate as novel polymer and which is also biodegradable. It may be associated to other biologically active molecules and has a wide range of physicochemical and biochemical properties. Because of amazing properties, alginate and its salts are used in drug delivery system.
Synergistic effect of calcium chloride and 1-Methylcyclopropene on storage of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
Authors: Nguyen Minh Phuoc Nguyen
Published: January 2021

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai was a climacteric variety with a high respiration rate and ethylene accumulation. Therefore the fruit matures and softeness quickly during post-harvest period. Calcium chloride was popularly utilized as stabilizing agent. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been known to be highly effective inhibitor of ethylene reaction. This research evaluated the synergistic effect of CaCl2 and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment to weight loss, firmness, total soluble solid, carotenoid, ascorbic acid and decay rate of watermelon during storage. Results showed that a combination of 2.5% CaCl2 and 0.6 ppm 1-MCP in 20 min of immersion could extend watermelon shelf life for 15 days. After 15 days of ambient storage, the weight loss (1.43±0.02 %), firmness (4.38±0.00 N), total soluble solid (13.60±0.01 oBrix), carotenoid (16.31±0.02 µg/100g), ascorbic acid (13.36±0.03 mg/100g), decay rate (0.47±0.02 %) were clearly presented. Meanwhile, the treatment of 2.5% CaCl2 alone showed the weight loss (2.11±0.02 %), firmness (3.03±0.02 N), total soluble solid (10.83±0.02 oBrix), carotenoid (12.97±0.03 µg/100g), ascorbic acid (9.57±0.02 mg/100g), decay rate (2.14±0.01 %). The incorporation of CaCl2 and 1-MCP created a synergistic effect on the improved quality of watermelon fruit during ambient storage.
Growth promoting properties of Mycobacterium and Bacillus on rice plants under induced drought
Authors: Karmakar Joydip , Goswami Sayani , Pramanik Krishnendu , Maiti Tushar Kanti , Kar Rup Kumar , Dey Narottam
Published: January 2021

Management of drought stress through application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is now considered as an effective strategy in the present scenario of altered environmental conditions of the world. The aims and objectives of the present investigation was isolation, characterization and identification of some potential microbial resources (PGPR) from drought-affected upland rice fields of South Bengal followed by experimentation on the effect of isolated PGPR on drought induced rice seedlings. Selected isolates were isolated from rice field rhizospheric soils and tested for their PGPR activity, through phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, IAA production and ACC deaminase activity. Then, the selected isolates were identified through 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Among the screened isolates two (isolate 1 and isolate 6) showing plant growth promoting traits, was applied on studied germplasm (IR64) to find out the influence of the applied organisms on rice growth and development under induced drought. Both organisms showed a positive influence (through increase in germination percentage, root growth, shoot growth, fresh weight and dry weight) on the studied rice growth and development under induced drought. Isolate 1 and 6 identified as species of Mycobacterium sp and Bacillus sp respectively through molecular taxonomy. Hence, these two isolates are expected to alleviate drought stress in the rice field for their nature of plant growth promotion under drought stress.
Chemical profile and antibacterial activity of acetone extract of Homalomena cochinchinensis Engl. (Araceae)
Authors: Van Hong Thien , Le Nhat Tam , Nguyen Diep Linh , Tran Gia Buu , Huynh Nguyen Tuong An , Vo Huy Sang , Chu Van Hai , Truong Huynh Anh Vu , Nguyen Quoc Hung
Published: January 2021

Homalomena cochinchinensis Engl. is a rare species which is found in Southern China, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam and its chemical constituents and bioactivity have not been determined yet. In this study, we identified 32 and 38 compounds in acetone extracts of H. cochinchinensis aerial part and rhizome, respectively via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main constituents of acetone extract of the aerial part were 3-((4Z,7Z)-Heptadeca-4,7-dien-1-yl)phenol (18.73%); cis-9,cis-12-Octadecadienoic acid (12.04%); linolenic acid (11.08%); n-Hexadecanoic acid (10.13%); (Z)-3-(Heptadec-10-en-1-yl)phenol (7.09%); ?-Sitosterol (5.58%) and linalool (5.56%). On the other hand, acetone extract of rhizome contained linalool (28.42%); 1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-acetate (10.13%); 3-((4Z,7Z)-Heptadeca-4,7-dien-1-yl)phenol (5.28%); 3-Buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl)- (5.28%) and 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-butyric acid (4.54%). Furthermore, this study has also proved the antibacterial activity of acetone extracts from the aerial part and the rhizome of this species for the first time using disk diffusion method. The results showed that the extract of the aerial part could inhibit the growth of 5 out of a total 6 bacterial strains, including Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus; while the susceptible strains to the rhizome extract were 5 strains, such as B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and S. aureus. The findings suggest the further application of this species in pharmacology and medicine.
Endophytic fungal assemblages of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. and their antimicrobial potential
Authors: Talukdar Rajreepa , Tayung Kumananda
Published: January 2021

Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. is a medicinal plant widely been used by the local tribal communities of Assam as an alternative source of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, endophytic fungi associated with Z. oxyphyllum were undertaken with an aim to investigate the isolates for their antimicrobial potential. The endophytic fungi were recovered using four different media, namely, Malt Extract Agar (MEA) media, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media, Water Agar (WA) media and media amended with the Plant Extract (PEA) from samples collected from three sites. Altogether, 18 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from 150 surface sterilized and healthy leaf fragments. Colletotrichum was found to be dominant endophytic genus with 7 different species. Other isolated endophytic fungal genera were Fusarium, Curvularia, Aspergillus, Corynespora and isolates belonging non-sporulating fungi categorised as Mycelia Sterilia. The endophytic fungi were determined for antimicrobial activity against selected clinically significant human pathogenic test organisms. Ethyl acetate crude extracts of all endophytic fungi exhibited antimicrobial activity by inhibiting a minimum of one of the four test pathogens. Amongst the isolates, crude extracts obtained from Fusarium sp. and five Colletotrichum spp. showed wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms. The study indicated that Z. oxyphyllum harbours a wide range of endophytes capable of producing secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. Further detailed investigation of their bioactive metabolites might lead to discovery of compounds with potential therapeutic applications as a new source of medicine.
Plant growth promoting bacteria Bacillus subtilis promote growth and physiological parameters of Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Authors: Jabborova D , Enakiev Y , Sulaymanov Khurshid , Kadirova Dilbar , Ali Ahmad , Annapurna Kannepalli
Published: January 2021

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important medicinal crop grown for its aromatic rhizome which is used as a spice, food, flavouring agent and medicine. It has been characterised for its hypoglycemic, hypotensive, antioxidant and antibiotic properties. This study was conducted to determine the impact of plant growth-promoting potential of bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis L2 on plant growth and physiological properties of ginger. The experiment was carried out in randomised block design with three replications in pot experiments. The plants were grown in greenhouse conditions for three months. The results showed that at 8 and 12 weeks after planting (WAP) bacterial inoculation increased plant height, leaf length, number of leaves per plant and leaf width. Inoculation with B. subtilis L2 significantly increased plant height by 16, 20 and 18% compared to control at 4, 8 and 12 WAP. At 8 and 12 WAP, leaf length significantly raised by B. subtilis L2 as compared to uninoculated control. B. subtilis L2 significantly increased the number of leaves per plant and leaf width by 30 and 21% respectively when comparing with non-inoculated plants at 8 WAP. The percentage increase in chlorophyll content resulted from the inoculation with B. subtilis L2 over the control was 10.5%, 15.5% and 18.4% at 4, 8 and 12 WAP respectively. It is concluded that there is a significant positive effect of inoculation with B. subtilis L2 on the growth of ginger. B. subtilis L2 strain can be used as a potential agent or bio-fertiliser for stimulation of ginger growth.
OPTIMIZATION OF SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION CONDITIONS OF MILK CHOCOLATE
Authors: OBA Şirin , TOKER Ömer Said , RASOULİ PİROUZİAN Haniyeh , PALABIYIK İbrahim , KONAR Nevzat , ARTIK Nevzat , SAĞDIÇ Osman
Published: January 2021

In the current study, the Central Composite Design was applied to optimize HS-SPME extraction in order to detect 2,3,5,6 tetramethyl pyrazine in isomalt contaning milk chocolate. The optimal conditions for the three experimental responses influencing SPME efficiency were 10 min, 40 min and 57 °C for equilibration time, extraction time and extraction temperature, respectively. SPME fibers coated with 100 m polydimethylsiloxane coating, 65 µm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene coating, 75 µm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane coating and 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane on a StableFlex fiber were investigated. The preparation conditions of the chocolate samples were also evaluated by measuring their effects on the coating composition of the head space. The SPME fiber coated with 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane provided the highest extraction efficiency, especially when the samples were extracted at 60 °C for 30 min under dry conditions. Eighty-one blends were extracted and experimentally detected most of which have been formerly stated as odor-active components.
TAM ARPA UNU İLE ZENGİNLEŞTİRİLMİŞ SPAGETTİ MAKARNANIN BESİNSEL, TEKSTÜREL VE PİŞME ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: KÖTEN Mehmet , ATLI Ayhan
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, besinsel lif içeriği diğer bazı lif kaynaklarına göre daha yüksek olan arpanın makarna yapımında kullanım olanağı araştırılmıştır. İrmiğe tam arpa unu, değişik oranlarda (% 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 ve 50) katılmak suretiyle spagetti tipinde makarna üretilmiştir. Spagetti örnekleri bazı besinsel ve kalite özellikleri bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; arpa unu ilavesi, spagetti örneklerinin protein ve kül miktarlarını kontrole göre artırmıştır. Renk özellikleri kontrole göre düşük bulunmuştur. İrmiğe arpa unu katılması ile örneklerin tüm tekstür özellikleri olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Spagetti örnekleri duyusal değerlendirmede kontrole göre daha düşük puanlar almıştır. Arpa unu katkılı spagetti örnekleri fonksiyonel bileşenler (toplam besinsel lif, β-glukan, fitik asit) bakımından fitik asit hariç kontrolden daha üstün bulunmuştur. Ayrıca örnekler element içeriği bakımından da kontrolden oldukça yüksek değerlere sahip olmuşlardır.
GIDA PROTEİNLERİNDEN ELDE EDİLEN BİYOAKTİF PEPTİDLER: FONKSİYONLARI VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNDE OYNADIĞI ROLLERE GÖRE SINIFLANDIRILMASI
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Hale İnci , AKIN Nihat
Published: January 2021

Gıda proteinleri; besinsel, biyolojik ve fonksiyonel aktivitelerin önemli bir bölümünde rol almaktadır. Amino asit dizilerine bağlı olarak, gıda proteini kaynaklı peptidler kardiyovasküler, endokrin, bağışıklık ve sinir sistemleri üzerindeki etkileri gibi çok sayıda fonksiyonel aktivite göstermektedirler. Bu peptidler; kan basıncını düşürücü (ACE inhibitörü) etkileri, antimikrobiyel özellikleri, kolesterolü düşürme yeteneği, mineral bağlama yeteneği, antitrombotik ve antioksidan aktiviteleri, immünomodülatör etkileri ve opioid aktiviteleri dahil olmak üzere sağlık üzerinde çeşitli etkilere sahiptirler. Bu fonksiyonel peptidler, öncül protein molekülü içerisinde inaktif formda ya da gizlenmiş olarak bulunmaktadırlar ve in vivo gastrointestinal sindirim, proteolitik starter kültürler ile gıda fermantasyonu veya proteolitik enzimler ile gerçekleştirilen hidroliz sırasında aktifleşmektedirler. Bu derlemede, gıda kaynaklı biyoaktif peptidlerin fonksiyonel özellikleri üzerinde durulmakta olup terapatik bileşenler ve fonksiyonel gıda bileşenleri olarak kullanımları değerlendirilmektedir.
PROPOLİSİN GENEL ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KULLANIMI
Authors: AYDIN Merve , ARSLAN DANACIOĞLU Derya , TÜRKER Selman
Published: January 2021

Günümüzde fonksiyonel doğal ürünlerin popülerliğinin artmasıyla bilim adamları, propolisi daha yakından incelemeye ve sağlıktan gıdaya, gıdadan kozmetiğe birçok üründe kullanmaya başlamıştır. Ham propolis, arılar (Apis mellifera) tarafından bitkilerden toplanarak elde edilen, kovanda dezenfektan, yapı ve savunma maddesi olarak kullanılan, reçinemsi bir üründür. Yapısındaki biyoaktif bileşiklerden dolayı antienflamatuvar, antioksidan ve antibakteriyel gibi etkiler gösterir. Ham propolisin güçlü aroması, yapışkanlığı ve sudaki çözünürlüğünün az olması birçok alanda kullanımını kısıtlar. Ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle elde edilen propolisin etken maddeleri; saf halde takviye edici gıda olarak kullanımın yanında çeşitli gıdaların fonksiyonel değerini artırmada da kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede; ham propolisin çözünürlüğünü ve biyoyararlılığını artıran son işleme teknikleri, propolis ekstraktının gıda alanında kullanımı ve güvenli tüketim miktarları yer almaktadır.
TİCARİ ÖNEME SAHİP TOZ SÜT ÜRÜNLERİNİN MORFOLOJİK YAPISI VE TOZ AKIŞ ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: GÖKSEL SARAÇ Meryem , ASLAN TÜRKER Duygu , DOGAN Mahmut
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada gıda ürünlerinin formülasyonunda önemli yer tutan toz süt ürünlerinden kazein, laktoz, yağlı süt tozu ve peynir tozu seçilmiş, kekleşme derecesi, toz akış hızı bağımlılık testi ve kohezyon testi ile ıslanabilirlik, çözülebilirlik, yığın ve sıkıştırılmış yoğunluk ve morfolojik yapı gibi toz akış karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toz süt ürünlerinin ortalama tane boyutu ile toz özellikleri ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Örneklerin çözünürlük, ıslanabilirlik, yığın ve sıkıştırılmış yoğunluk ve Carr indeks değerleri, sırasıyla %2.87-58.72, 1.15-60.00 dk, 0.49-0.60, 0.58-0.71 ve %11.01-22.00 aralığında olduğu gözlenmiştir. Süt tozu en düşük nem ve ortalama tane boyutu ile Carr indeks değerlendirmesinde çok iyi akış gösteren örnek olarak belirlenirken çözünürlük oranı en yüksek toz ürün olmuştur. En düşük çözünürlük ve ıslanabilirlik değerleri ile tespit edilen kazein en yüksek ortalama tane boyutuna sahip ürün olarak belirlenmiştir. Örnekler içerisinde tek kekleşme görülen laktoz en uzun sürede ıslanabilen örnek olarak saptanmıştır.
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR ET ÜRETİMİ
Authors: POLAT Havva , YILMAZ TUNCEL Neşe
Published: January 2021

Et, özgün lezzeti ve besleyici değeri nedeniyle insan soyu tarafından yüzyıllardır önemli miktarda tüketilen bir gıda maddesidir. Son yıllarda dünya nüfusunun artışı ve et endüstrisinin gelişmesine bağlı olarak et tüketim miktarı da önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Küresel ısınmanın başlıca sebebi olarak gösterilen sera gazı emisyonlarının dikkate değer bir kısmından özellikle canlı hayvan üretimi ve süreçleri sorumlu tutulmaktadır. Artan miktarda et üretimi; zoonoz hastalıklar, antimikrobiyel kalıntılar, hayvan hakları ve hayvan refahı gibi konularda tüketici endişelerine neden olmakta ve bazı etik sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Çözüm olarak, et ve ürünlerine alternatif bitki esaslı et benzeri ürünler üretilmektedir. Ayrıca, laboratuvar ortamında in vitro şartlarda et üretiminin ticarileşmesine yönelik çalışmalar da kapsamlı olarak devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, et üretiminin geleceği ve sürdürülebilirliğinin yanı sıra hayvansal ete alternatif olarak üretilen et benzeri ürünlerin özellikleri ve üretim teknolojileri konuları derlenmiştir.