bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philippine Institutions and Complex Institutional Arrangements for Climate Change Adaptation in Agriculture
Authors: Cuevas Sining ,   University of the Philippines Los Baños
Published: January 2021

Addressing climate change necessitates creating new, or building the capacity of old, institutions. Institutions are vital tools that determine the intensity by which climate change considerations are incorporated into the decision-making process, designs, and plans. This article aims to illustrate that it is necessary to understand the institutional environment where the CCA endeavors will be implemented such that local climate change adaptation (CCA) policies, plans, and programs can be implemented effectively. The paper also intends to demonstrate that, along with the scientific and technological discussions, institutional conversations should be among the initial vital steps in CCA planning, and that the institutional dimension should be the foundation of broader reforms toward an effective CCA implementation. The paper accomplished this by investigating the conditions in the local agriculture and CCA in the Philippines. The paper applied the Institutional Environment Matrix as the main analytical framework. The analysis showed that the existing institutional dynamics in the Philippines have impacted the effectiveness of the introduced CCA policies and efforts. The Local Government Code of the Philippines had counterproductive interplays with other institutional rules; first in agriculture, and afterwards, in CCA. The Code has devolved tasks to the local governments, provided local government units with extensive authority over their jurisdictions, and improved autonomy in local governance. However, it lacks the arrangements that would create (dis)incentives for individual and collective actions (i.e., rewards and penalties, payoffs on actions). Likewise, institutional mechanisms to support the devolution of government services are wanting. Such institutional environment in local governance has curtailed the effectiveness of local agricultural policies and the efficient implementation of new CCA policies. This article advocates that analyzing the institutional environment where the CCA endeavors will be implemented will enable policy makers and CCA planners to understand better and to have deeper perception of the interlinkages between and among institutional arrangements. In the case of the Philippines, if the local agricultural institutional environment was considered in the design and implementation of the CCA policies, institutional support mechanisms that can address the existing issues and concerns in local agriculture may have been incorporated into these policies. Such action may have helped implementers to avoid the same difficulties in operationalizing CCA initiatives. Accordingly, the paper analyzed how CCA is operationalized through an institutional lens, and presented how institutional analysis is important in policy making. It further demonstrated the complexity of institutional linkages and raised the conversation on the institutional dimension of CCA.
Pesantren’s Traditions in Preparing Human Resources (Santri) at Ibnul Amin Pamangkih and Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Amuntai Pesantren
Authors: Murdan Murdan
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to know what traditions were developed by Ibnul Amin Pamangkih and Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Amuntai Pesantren in preparing human resources (santri). This study used field research which was done by observing pesantren’s traditions in preparing human resources (santri) at Ibnul Amin Pamangkih and Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Amuntai pesantren in preparing human resources (santri). The qualitative approach was used in this study. Then, the data obtained from the interview, observation, and documentation. While, the data sources were from foundation management, the head of pesantren, administrators, ustadz and ustadzah. The result of this study showed that the sciences and skills field were developed at pesantren. Science field covered writing book, reading yellow book, studying Nahwu and Sharaf, and vocabuary memorizing (English and Arabic). While skills field covered foreign language conversation (Arabic and English), reading Maulid, pilgrimage, muhadharah, memorizing Al-Qur’an, memorizing prayers of arwah, haul, and selamat, Haula tradition and calligraphy.
Combining Three Cohorts of WTC Rescue/Recovery Workers for Assessing Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Authors: Brackbill Robert , Kahn Amy , LI Jiehui , Zeig-Owens Rachel , Goldfarb David , Skerker Molly , Farfel Mark , Cone James , Yung Janette , Walker Deborah , Solomon Adrienne , Qiao Baozhen , Schymura Maria , Dasaro Christopher , Kristjansson Dana , Webber Mayris , Lucchini Roberto , Todd Andrew , Prezant David , Boffetta Paolo , Hall Charles
Published: January 2021

Three cohorts including the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), the World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR), and the General Responder Cohort (GRC), each funded by the World Trade Center Health Program have reported associations between WTC-exposures and cancer. Results have generally been consistent with effect estimates for excess incidence for all cancers ranging from 6 to 14% above background rates. Pooling would increase sample size and de-duplicate cases between the cohorts. Pooling required time consuming steps: obtaining IRB approvals and legal agreements from entities involved; establishing an honest broker for managing the data; de-duplicating the pooled cohort files; applying to State Cancer Registries (SCRs) for matched cancer cases; and finalizing analysis data files. Obtaining SCR data use agreements ranged from 6.5 to 114.5 weeks with six states requiring >20 weeks. Records from FDNY (n=16,221), WTCHR (n=29,372), and GRC (n=33,427) were combined de-duplicated resulting in 69,102 unique individuals. Overall, 7,894 cancer tumors were matched to the pooled cohort, increasing the number cancers by as much as 58% compared to previous analyses. Pooling resulted in a coherent resource for future research for studies on rare cancers and mortality, with more representative of occupations and WTC- exposure.
An Evaluation of Pooling Strategies for RT-qPCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Lo Raymundo , Barrientos Agnes , Espiritu Bernadette , Santiago Farrah Kristine , Tandoc III Amado , Veloso Januario , Yanez Socorro
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives. Sample pooling of COViD-19 PCR tests has been recently proposed as a low-cost alternative to individual tests.  This multi-site, laboratory-based, proof-of-concept study explores the feasibility of pooled SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR testing, by demonstrating the effect of pooling on sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, number of tests saved, and turnaround time. 
Methodology.  The research was conducted in two experiments.  In Experiment 1, archival nasopharyngeal (NPS) and oropharyngeal (OPS) swab samples were diluted to simulate 5, 10, and 20 sized pools, and tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using RT-qPCR.   In Experiment 2, actual nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from asymptomatic low-risk volunteers.  Aliquots of the samples were pooled following the 5, 10-5, and 20-10-5 multi-staged Dorfman pooling methods and tested.  The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, test savings, and turnaround time for each pooling method were documented. 
Results and Conclusions.  The study provided evidence that pooling of NP and OP samples for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection using RT-qPCR is feasible and can be implemented in the Philippines. A 2-stage Dorfman 5 pooling strategy appears to be the best method, because it has the highest over-all accuracy, while still achieving acceptable test savings, and turnaround time. Pooling of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples prior to RT-qPCR testing may be considered by select molecular diagnostic laboratories to further increase testing capacity and at the same time reduce the cost of testing.
A sintaxe do destacamento como elemento discursivo da contemporaneidade
Authors: Moraes Érika de
Published: January 2021

O desenvolvimento das tecnologias traz novos questionamentos sobre a interação com a linguagem e, ao mesmo tempo, permite discutir formas inovadoras de compreensão do texto escrito em nosso século, para além da previsão simplista sobre sua morte. Nesse sentido, o conceito de destacamento proposto por Maingueneau, concebido no quadro teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso francesa (AD), constitui uma pista fundamental sobre o funcionamento da discursividade contemporânea, uma vez que elementos destacados adquirem especial visibilidade na era da comunicação digital. Daí propormos falar em uma sintaxe do destacamento que considere, na prática, um novo modo de leitura a partir da costura de elementos como títulos, subtítulos, legendas e demais destaques. No presente texto, valorizamos a relação entre o destacamento e a memória discursiva, considerando ainda a noção de competência discursiva (Maingueneau), que recebe um refinamento a partir do trabalho de Mussalim (2018).
Linguagem esportiva italiana: o emprego de neologismos nas manchetes do portal Tuttosport
Authors: Janeli Thais , Orsi Vivian
Published: January 2021

Este artigo pretende apontar algumas considerações sobre a linguagem esportiva italiana, tais como o uso de itens léxicos de língua estrangeira e a formação ou adoção de novas palavras, os neologismos lexicais. Para tanto, selecionamos quatro itens lexicais para serem explicados detalhadamente, extraídos de um corpus formado a partir de manchetes do portal esportivo italiano Tuttosport, a saber: Cristianomania, superfavorito, mask e Joya. Esta análise foi fundamentada na área de estudos da Lexicologia e da Neologia, com base na comparação de três fontes de consulta (dois dicionários monolíngues de italiano e uma enciclopédia da mesma língua), além de informações recuperadas no contexto de veiculação de manchetes.
Os fragmentos de F. S. Fitzgerald à luz das formas mínimas: uma proposição
Authors: Silva Beretta Laysa Louise
Published: January 2021

Considerando a representatividade das narrativas breves no cenário literário contemporâneo, pretendo, à luz das ponderações acerca das formas mínimas (minicontos, mininarrativas, narrativas breves, microcontos etc.), observar os fragmentos escritos por F. S. Fitzgerald e publicados na obra Crack-up (2007) com o intuito de propor algumas possibilidades de leitura. Para tanto, debruçar-me-ei, principalmente, nos trabalhos de Zavala (2004), Gonzaga (2007) e Spalding (2008).
As produções do espaço associado de um autor e a embreagem paratópica: uma relação possível
Authors: Veronez Manuel
Published: January 2021

Por meio do quadro teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso Literário engendrado por Dominique Maingueneau, consegui, em minha tese de doutorado, enquanto resultados, sustentar duas hipóteses. A partir desses resultados, propus, enquanto projeto de pesquisa pós-doutoral, apresentar e consolidar a cena genérica como um 4º embreante paratópico possível, incluindo-a ao grupo dos embreantes paratópicos proposto por Maingueneau: o ethos, a cenografia e o posicionamento na interlíngua. Desse modo, a hipótese central do projeto de Pós-doutorado a ser sustentada foi de que as cartas privadas (enquanto cena genérica e espaço associado) de autores consagrados dos discursos constituintes funcionam como um embreante paratópico. Neste artigo, realizo uma das análises propostas em meu projeto, analisando uma carta privada de Sêneca (um autor do campo filosófico). Com esta análise, verifico que há indícios para sustentar a hipótese central.
Políticas públicas de internacionalização: os cursos de japonês dentro do Idiomas sem Fronteiras
Authors: Garcia Daniela Nogueira de Moraes
Published: January 2021

Considerando as políticas públicas de internacionalização, o programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras ofereceu cursos a instituições de ensino superior e valorizou a formação de professores (SARMENTO; ABREU-E-LIMA; MORAES FILHO, 2016). Os cursos de inglês, espanhol, alemão, francês, japonês e português para estrangeiros atenderam um cronograma nacional. As aulas eram presenciais, mas, segundo especificidades, ocorreram, também, em tempo real, on-line, com o suporte das tecnologias na articulação de contextos importantes. Baseados no potencial das novas tecnologias (COSCARELLI, 2016), com o apoio da Fundação Japão, abordamos o curso on-line de japonês em uma universidade multicampus. Apresentamos a logística desde o treinamento dos professores/tutores, o acompanhamento pedagógico, planejamento, estratégias, divulgação, inscrição e realização do curso. Como resultados, notamos uma demanda existente e antes não atendida por questões geográficas e, também, procedimentos importantes em termos de avaliação e evasão.
Narrativa, identidade e feminilidades periféricas
Authors: Lima Fábio Fernando
Published: January 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma análise e descrição de questões atinentes à construção das identidades sociais e suas intersecções com relações de poder e hegemonia em entrevistas colhidas com mulheres pobres, negras, com baixa escolaridade e residentes em áreas periféricas. Para a operacionalização da análise, propomos estabelecer pontos de contato teórico-metodológicos entre a Análise Crítica do Discurso e a Análise da Narrativa. Os resultados tanto ressaltaram que a “avaliação” pode se constituir no principal viés a alinhavar ambas as vertentes teóricas quanto apontaram para um profundo imbricamento entre os atravessamentos “gênero” e “classe social”, ratificando a necessidade teórica de se considerar o sujeito social interseccionado por tais atravessamentos, a partir dos quais constroem suas identidades e atribuem sentidos do mundo ao seu redor.
Problemas da analiticidade na semântica conceitual
Authors: Rodrigues Alex de Britto
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho objetiva analisar o debate entre duas teorias semântico-conceituais: a Teoria da Semântica Conceitual, de Jackendoff (1983, 1987a, 1987b, 1990) e Pinker (1989, 2008), e a Teoria Representacional da Mente, de Fodor (1970, 1975, 1980, 1981, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2003). Segundo a primeira, o significado de um item lexical, tal como processado pela mente de modo subjacente à expressão linguística, poderia ser descrito em unidades abstratas menores, que seriam primitivos mínimos de significado acionados na mente, o que teria como base a analiticidade. Já para a segunda, um item lexical não poderia ter uma representação decomponível, ou seja, um item lexical teria uma representação atômica, em que seu significado abstrato processado na mente e subjacente à expressão linguística seria uma unidade simples, o que reforçaria a ideia da não plausibilidade da analiticidade. A perspectiva adotada para essa análise é a sugerida por Dascal (1998a, 1998b), conhecida como Teoria das Controvérsias, segundo a qual as trocas conversacionais polêmicas poderiam ser classificadas de três maneiras: discussão, disputa e controvérsia. A hipótese defendida neste trabalho é de que o debate em análise consiste em uma controvérsia por não se encaminhar para uma resolução consensual lógica, embora os argumentos levantados pelos interlocutores visem a um discernimento mínimo objetivo.
Pronomes pessoais na interlíngua do surdo aprendiz de português (L2) escrito
Authors: Andrade Telma Rosa , Lima-Salles Heloísa Maria Moreira
Published: January 2021

O estudo investiga a interlíngua de surdos falantes da Língua de Sinais Brasileira (LSB) aprendizes de português brasileiro (PB) escrito como segunda língua (L2). Adotando a hipótese da interferência da L1, examinamos o uso do sistema pronominal na posição sintática de sujeito, no desenvolvimento da língua alvo (PB). Para tanto, tomamos como referência o papel do traço de animacidade na distinção entre verbos simples, que codificam o padrão “o corpo como sujeito”, e verbos de concordância, que codificam o padrão “corpo-espaço” na LSB. Os resultados preliminares do teste experimental apontam para a existência de desenvolvimento linguístico em função do nível de escolarização, bem como para o papel do traço de animacidade como um efeito positivo de interferência da L1 no uso convergente do pronome de 3ª pessoa na interlíngua.
Identidades e (não)lugares da maternidade na ciência: discursos e contra-discursos nas mídias contemporâneas
Authors: Araújo Lígia Mara Boin Menossi de , Manzano Luciana Carmona Garcia
Published: January 2021

Em 2017, foi aprovada a lei que deu direito às bolsistas de pesquisa a licença-maternidade; consideramos essa lei como a gênese de um dispositivo que denominamos dispositivo da maternidade na ciência. Assim, empreendemos, neste artigo, a análise de um regime de práticas que compõem uma rede de elementos distintos sobre o fazer científico da mãe. Buscamos responder à seguinte pergunta: Como se constitui o dispositivo da maternidade na ciência? Entendemos dispositivo a partir de Foucault (2014), como uma rede que entrelaça elementos de diferentes ordens, do dito e do não dito – no caso do dispositivo da maternidade, há leis, projetos, grupo de pesquisa, eventos e outros elementos em rede articulando-se em um movimento discursivo e funcionando como um preenchimento estratégico que, como supomos, surge para trazer à tona uma questão que estava posta, até então, à margem.
Editorial e carta do editor em revista: considerações dialógicas
Authors: Fornel Lorenna Mayara
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem por objeto o estudo dos gêneros do discurso editorial e carta do editor em revistas, desenvolvido a partir das reflexões do Círculo de Bakhtin. Nesse sentido, analisaremos duas cartas do editor da revista impressa Realidade, em sua 1ª e 6ª edição publicadas no ano de 1966 e dois editoriais da revista impressa Fórum em sua edição 120, de outubro de 2013, e 168, publicada em outubro de 2014. A partir desta seleção, os objetivos são evidenciar as estabilidades e instabilidades dos gêneros a fim de identificar a relação entre esses gêneros; analisar as relações dialógicas do momento sócio-histórico-cultural e do projeto de dizer das revistas; verificar aspectos relacionados ao público-alvo, às ideologias e ao estilo dessas instituições, os quais interferem nas alterações existentes nos editoriais de ambos veículos. Para esta análise, consideramos as reflexões do Círculo de Bakhtin a partir das concepções de gêneros do discurso, ideologia, estilo e dialogismo. Esta discussão é um recorte da dissertação de mestrado em desenvolvimento intitulada “Editorial e carta do editor: uma análise dialógica do discurso”.
Ensino de gramática e interação na perspectiva Bakhtiniana
Authors: Ludovice Camila de Araújo Beraldo
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as contribuições que podem ser dadas pelas reflexões de Mikhail Bakhtin (2010, 2013), em sua obra recentemente traduzida, para o ensino de gramática escolar, em especial, da análise sintática, associado ao ensino da estilística. Ele foi um filósofo preocupado com as relações entre o homem e suas interlocuções sociais por meio da linguagem, assim, as considerações filosóficas de Bakhtin podem fundamentar um trabalho produtivo com a gramática na escola, porque colocam a estilística e a interação como centro da preocupação pedagógica com a linguagem. Espera-se com esta pesquisa apresentar uma colaboração reflexiva e efetiva para o ensino de língua materna, pela integração do estudo da gramática à estilística e à perspectiva interacionista.
Segmentação de palavras e poesia infantil: notas sobre ensino de ortografia nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Tenani Luciani Ester , Alves Giovanna Jully
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo, investigamos possibilidade de ensino de ortografia nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental a partir de poemas infantis selecionados da obra Ou Isto ou Aquilo de Cecília Meireles. O arcabouço teórico se embasa em uma concepção de escrita heterogênea. Analisamos segmentações não convencionais de palavras, como “que ria” (para “queria”), identificadas nos textos produzidos antes e depois de aula sobre os poemas de Cecília Meireles. Esse trabalho favoreceu a reflexão sobre segmentações alternativas de palavras, como “aponta” > “a ponta” e a construção de sentidos dos versos a partir de possibilidades de segmentação de palavras. Argumentamos, a partir de resultados obtidos por meio de análises quanti e qualitativa, que o trabalho sobre ortografia de palavra a partir de poemas infantis contribui para que crianças possam identificar fronteiras de palavras ortográficas e refletir acerca de sentidos de enunciados escritos.
Efeito retroativo do Celpe-Bras no processo de ensino/aprendizagem do português: um estudo qualitativo
Authors: Almeida Laura Camila Braz de
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo qualitativo sobre o efeito retroativo do Celpe-Bras no processo de ensino/aprendizagem de português como língua estrangeira e como língua materna. Baseando-se na análise sobre a abordagem comunicativa (ALMEIDA FILHO, 2002; CANALE, 1995) e sobre a abordagem intercultural (SANTOS, 2004), pretende-se analisar a aplicação dessa teoria sobre essas abordagens no processo de ensino/aprendizagem de português. As atividades de avaliação utilizadas nas aulas de português como língua materna (PLM) e de português como língua estrangeira (PLE) foram fundamentadas no Celpe-Bras (SCARAMUCCI; RODRIGUES, 2004) por avaliar as habilidades de compreensão e produção oral e escrita de forma integrada. Para a metodologia da pesquisa, centrou-se na pesquisa-ação discutida por Tripp (2005).O resultado dessa pesquisa evidencia o efeito retroativo do Celpe-Bras nesse processo de ensino da língua portuguesa, uma vez que o grupo de pesquisa da graduação em Letras, envolvido nesse projeto, elaborou as tarefas, conforme essas teorias propostas por esse exame, e as aplicou em aulas. Por sua vez, os alunos desses pesquisadores envolvidos apresentaram bom resultado. Desse modo, um estudo como esse é de grande relevância, uma vez que aprimora o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de língua.
Palavras lexicais e palavras gramaticais no inglês das camisetas: proposta de atividade de análise dos atos de fala segundo a teoria de Austin
Authors: Vasconcelos Edina Maria Araújo de , Lopes Maria Fabiola Vasconcelos
Published: January 2021

A linguagem está presente em todas as esferas da comunicação humana e tendo em vista que ela é a via pela qual as interações sociais ocorrem, nos deparamos com textos de diversos tipos propagando-se em diferentes suportes, por exemplo, as frases de camisetas (MOLINETTE; CARVALHO, 2014) e a camiseta em si como, respectivamente, gênero textual e suporte, considerando-se sobretudo, o aspecto sociocomunicativo e funcional (MARCUSCHI, 2010). Em face destas observações, este artigo apresenta uma proposta para exercitar a análise linguística, a ser realizada com alunos de ensino médio. Nosso objetivo é discutir as classes de palavras, diferenciando as lexicais (ou de conteúdo) das gramaticais (ou funcionais), bem como promover a reflexão sobre a interação entre forma, uso e significados no discurso, abordando a Teoria dos Atos de Fala de Austin (1990), visando contribuir, desta forma, para o letramento em língua inglesa. A metodologia consiste em coletar e analisar as frases. Concluímos que camisetas estampadas com dizeres em inglês têm um potencial linguístico que pode ser utilizado nas aulas de língua inglesa, pois elas apresentam qualidades discursivas que, muitas vezes, vão para além do aspecto verbal, e seus textos podem ser estudados, inclusive, em suas características multimodais de linguagem.
As bases neurais da linguagem e o hemisfério direito na construção de sentidos
Authors: Sousa Lucilene Bender de , Schneider Fernanda
Published: January 2021

Os avanços teóricos e metodológicos decorrentes da neurociência cognitiva têm promovido importantes mudanças na forma como investigamos e concebemos a linguagem. Pesquisas têm cada vez mais utilizado técnicas, como a neuroimagem, em estudos multidisciplinares, com o objetivo de melhor compreender o processamento da linguagem no cérebro. Nesse contexto, este artigo apresenta uma revisão assistemática de importantes estudos sobre as bases neurais do processamento da linguagem e sobre as contribuições do hemisfério direito (HD) para o processamento discursivo e pragmático. Discutem-se alguns dos trabalhos mais relevantes e suas principais contribuições teóricas sobre a temática. Os resultados dos estudos analisados indicam que a linguagem não tem sua especialização em uma única região cerebral, mas envolve conexões entre diversas regiões dos dois hemisférios cerebrais. Além disso, parece haver um consenso quanto ao importante papel do HD na integração de informações semânticas, nos processos de elaboração de inferência e em atividades cognitivas complexas ligadas ao processamento pragmático-discursivo.
Noticing, automonitoramento e (des)fossilização: interfaces e (des)construções em um estudo de caso
Authors: Silveira Fernanda Vieira da Rocha
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de (des)fossilização de itens gramaticais e lexicais na produção escrita de uma aprendiz adulta através da prática de noticing, aliada à estratégia metacognitiva de automonitoramento. O aporte teórico da pesquisa foi embasado na teoria da Fossilização (SELINKER, 1972; HAN, 2003) sob o enfoque de Larsen-Freeman (2005), que defende a complexidade da ideia de fim no processo de aprendizagem de línguas adicionais, nas Hipóteses de Noticing (SCHMIDT, 1990) e Output (SWAIN, 1995) e na estratégia metacognitiva do automonitoramento (O’MALLEY; CHAMOT, 1990; OXFORD, 1990). Desse modo, a presente pesquisa é compreendida como um estudo de caso em andamento de natureza quali-quantitativa dividido em quatro fases, cujo corpus apresenta textos produzidos pela participante entre 2013 e março de 2020, além de três textos produzidos na quarta fase do estudo, de cunho qualitativo. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a prática de noticing, complementada pelo automonitoramento promoveu maior consciência metalinguística na aprendiz e desestabilização de itens gramaticais e lexicais anteriormente em movimento de fossilização.
Índice de assuntos
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: January 2021

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Charge-to-Spin Interconversion in Low-Symmetry Topological Materials
Authors: Vila Marc , Hsu Chuang-Han , Aguilar Jose Garcia , Benitez Antonio , Waintal Xavier , Valenzuela Sergio , Pereira Vitor , Roche Stephan
Published: January 2021

The spin polarization induced by the spin Hall eﬀect (SHE) in thin ﬁlms typically points out of the plane. This is rooted on the speciﬁc symmetries of traditionally studied systems, not in a fundamental constraint. Here, we show that the reduced symmetry of strong spin-orbit coupling materials such as MoTe2 or WTe2 enables a new form of canted spin Hall eﬀect (SHE), characterized by large and robust in-plane spin polarizations, which gives rise to an unprecedented charge-to-spin interconversion eﬀect. Through quantum transport calculations on realistic device geometries, including disorder, we found long spin diﬀusion lengths (λs) and a gate tunable charge-to-spin interconversion eﬃciency with an upper value reaching θxy ≈ 80%. The SHE ﬁgure of merit λsθxy ∼ 1–50 nm, can signiﬁcantly exceed values of conventional SHE materials, and stems from momentum-invariant (persistent) spin textures together with large spin Berry curvature along the Fermi contour. Speciﬁc guidelines for unambiguous experimental conﬁrmation are proposed, paving the way towards exploiting such phenomena in spintronic devices. These ﬁndings vividly emphasize how crystal symmetry and band topology can govern the intrinsic SHE, and how they may be exploited to broaden the range and eﬃciency of spintronic functionalities.
Microbe-Worm Symbiosis Stabilizes Methane Hydrates in Deep Marine Environments
Authors: Hua Tianyi , Ahmad Maisha , Choezin Tenzin , Hartman Ryan
Published: January 2021

Our Planet has a natural ecosystem comprised of living organisms and methane hydrates in deep marine environments. This ecosystem was constructed in the present work to examine the influence that subtle temperature fluctuations could have on the dynamic stability of the hydrate deposits. The coupled mass and energy balance equations that describe the microbial bioreactions, their consumption by feather duster worms, and methane hydrate dissociation confirm that the bioreaction kinetics are dominated by endothermic methanogenic metabolism that stabilizes methane hydrates with a fragile tolerance to 0.001K temperature increases. The feather duster worms also stabilize the hydrates via their selective consumption of methanotrophs that could otherwise overtake the system by their exothermic metabolism. Critical ocean temperature limits exist, beyond which hydrate dissociations would cause underwater eruptions of methane into the sea. Historical ocean temperature records and gas hydrate inventory estimates combined with our model suggests that hydrate deposits as deep as 560-meters below sea level could already be at risk, whereas the methane hydrate stability zone will retreat deeper as ocean temperatures rise. Slowing its retreat could avoid the massive release of greenhouse gas.
Response of atmospheric composition to COVID-19 lockdown in Paris (France)
Authors: Petit Jean-Eudes , Dupont Jean-Charles , Favez Olivier , Gros Valérie , Vautard Robert , Haeffelin Martial
Published: January 2021

The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has led to lockdowns at national scales in the Spring of 2020. Large cuts in emissions occurred, but the quantitative assessment of their role from observations is hindered by weather variability. In order to circumvent this difficulty, we developed here an innovative analog methodology and applied it to a comprehensive in-situ dataset of primary and secondary pollutants obtained at the SIRTA observatory, a suburban background site of the Paris megacity (France). We find that concentrations of primary traffic dropped by 69-76% during the lockdown period. Further, the decrease of NOx triggered a decrease of particulate nitrate (-41%), one of the main springtime aerosol components in North-Western Europe. We reveal a threshold effect highlighting the need of substantial NOx decrease to affect particulate nitrate. At the same time, the expected ozone increase (+21%) underlines the negative feedback of NO titration. Finally, an increase of residential wood burning sporadically compensated primary traffic, and influenced the oxidation state of secondary organic aerosols. Our results provide a quasi-comprehensive observation-based insight on mitigation policies regarding air quality in future low-carbon urban areas.
Millimeter- and Terahertz-wave stochastic sensors based on reversible insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide
Authors: Qaderi Fatemeh , Rosca Teodor , Burla Maurizio , Leuthold Juerg , Flandre Denis , Ionescu Adrian
Published: January 2021

Sensitivity to low-energy photons in phase change materials enables the development of efﬁcient millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) detectors. Here, we present the concept of uncooled mm-wave detection based on the sensitivity of IMT threshold voltage to the incident wave by exploiting the characteristics of reversible insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) in Vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin ﬁlm devices. The detection concept is demonstrated through actuation of biased VO2 2-terminal switches encapsulated in a pair of coupled antennas on a Si/SiO2 substrate. We also study the behavior of VO2 switches interrupting coplanar waveguide (CPW)s. Ultimately, we propose an electromagnetic wave-sensitive voltage-controlled spike generator based on the VO2 switches in an astable circuit. The fabricated sensors show record ﬁgs. of merit, such as responsivities of around 66.3 kHz/mW with a low noise equivalent power (NEP) of 20 nW at room temperature, for a footprint of 2.5×10−5 mm2, which can be easily scaled. This solution gives 3 times better responsivity with only 1/10 footprint of the state of the art. However, the footprint is capable of being scaled down to few hundreds of nanometers. The responsivity in static measurements is 76 kV/W in the same circumstances. Based on experimental statistical data measured on robust fabricated devices, we investigate and report stochastic behavior and noise limits of VO2-based spiking sensors that are expected to form a new class of energy efﬁcient transducers. The results highlight the capability of VO2 phase transition to serve for building electromagnetic power sensors, that can be triggered by low energy photons.
Nomograms Predicting Overall Survival and Cancer Special Survival for Cervical Cancer in stage IIIC1
Authors: Feng Yifan , Wang Ye , Xie Yangqin , Wu Shuwei , Li Yuyang , Li Min
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to explore the factors that affect the prognosis of overall survival (OS) and cancer special survival (CSS) in cervical cancer with stage IIIC1 and establish nomogram models to predict this prognosis.MethodsData from The Surveil-lance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program meeting the inclusion criterions were classified into training group, and data of validation were obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from 2010 to 2019. The incidence, Kaplan‐Meier curves, OS and CSS of stage IIIC1 were evaluated according to the training group. Nomograms were established according to the results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Harrell’s C-index and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were calculated to measure the accuracy of the prediction models. Calibration plots show the relationship between the predicted probability and the actual outcome. Decision-curve analysis (DCA) was applied to evaluate the clinical applicability of the constructed nomogram.ResultsThe incidence of pelvic lymph node metastasis, a high-risk factor for prognosis in cervical cancer, decreased slightly over time. There are eight independent prognostic variables for OS, including age, race, histology, differentiation, extension range, tumor size, radiation recode and surgery, but seven for CSS with age excluded. Nomograms of OS and CSS were established based on the results. The C-index for the nomograms of OS and CSS were 0.692, 0.689 respectively when random sampling of SEER data sets, and 0.706, 0.737 respectively when random sampling of external data sets. AUCs for the nomogram of OS were 0.648, 0.644 respectively, and 0.683, 0.675 for the nomogram of CSS. Calibration plots for the nomograms were almost identical to the actual observations. The DCA also proved the value of the two models.ConclusionAge, race, histology, differentiation, extension range, tumor size, radiation recode and surgery were all independent prognosis factors for OS. Only age excepts in CSS. OS and CSS nomograms were established in our study based on the result of multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression, and both own good predictive and clinical application value after validation.
Effects of curcumin and its nanomicelle form on body weight, insulin resistance, adiponectin, and blood parameters of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Dadgar Hamed , Kermanshahi Hassan , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Javadmanesh Ali
Published: January 2021

Curcumin can be used for diabetes treatment. However, it rapidly degrades and has low absorption in gastrointestinal system. Its nanomicelle form might improve its efficiency. Therefore, they both assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fifty male wistar rats were induced diabetes and divided into 5 groups and treated with 1) no dietary supplement, 2 and 3) 40 and 80 mg/kg curcumin, 4 and 5) 40 and 80 mg/kg nanomicelle curcumin. A group of 10 untreated rats was considered as healthy control. Serum concentrations of AST, ALT, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and adiponectin were assessed. Body weight and weights of liver, heart and pancreas were also evaluated. Induction of diabetes increased the serum concentrations of AST, ALT, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-C and insulin resistance and decreased the serum concentrations of insulin, adiponectin, and HDL-C, and also body weight and weights of heart and pancreas (P<0.05). Nanomicelle form of curcumin alleviated the negative effects of diabetic rats for glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzymes (P<0.05). In conclusion, nanomicelle form of curcumin showed better efficiency for alleviating the adverse effects of diabetes. It can be suggested that nanomicelle form of curcumin at specific doses can be used for diabetes treatment.
Efficacy of Acupuncture in Improving Symptoms and Quality of Life of Patients With Acne Vulgaris: a Randomized Sham Acupuncture-controlled Trial
Authors: Jiao Ruimin , Zhai Xu , Zhang Xuecheng , Xiong Zhiyi , Liu Zhishun
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating the symptoms and QoL of patients with moderate or severe AV. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 12 treatment sessions of acupuncture or sham acupuncture over 4 weeks with 24 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the Skindex-16 scale total score at treatment completion. Secondary outcomes included Skindex-16 subscale score, Dermatology Life Quality Index scale total score, total lesion count and inflammatory lesion count, and visual analogue scale scores for itch and pain evaluation. Results: There is no statistically significant between-group difference for the primary outcome and any secondary outcomes after 4 weeks of treatment and at 16 weeks and 28 weeks of follow-up, except for the Skindex-16 subscale (the emotions of participants with AV) at week 4 (P = 0.026). No serious adverse events occurred in two group. Conclusion: Acupuncture and sham acupuncture might both relieve the symptoms of patients with moderate or severe AV, reduce the number and degree of inflammatory lesion counts, and improve QoL. Trial registration number: ChiCTR-1900023649 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry
Genomic insight into diet adaptation in the biological control agent Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
Authors: Li Hao-Sen , Huang Yu-Hao , Chen Mei-Lan , Ren Zhan , Qiu Bo-Yuan , De Clercq Patrick , Heckel Gerald , Pang Hong
Published: January 2021

Background
The ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) is used worldwide as a biological control agent. It is a predator of various mealybug pests, but it also feeds on alternative prey and can be reared on artificial diets. Relatively little is known about the underlying genetic adaptations of its feeding habits.
Results
We report the first high-quality genome sequence for C. montrouzieri. We found that the gene families encoding chemosensors and digestive and detoxifying enzymes among others were significantly expanded or contracted in this ladybird in comparison to other beetles. Diet-specific larval transcriptome profiling demonstrated that differentially expressed genes on unnatural diet as compared to natural prey were enriched in pathways of nutrient metabolism, indicating that the lower performance on the tested diets was caused by nutritional deficiencies. Remarkably, the C. montrouzieri genome also showed a significant expansion in an immune effector gene family. Some of the immune effector genes were dramatically downregulated when larvae were fed unnatural diets.
Conclusion
We suggest that the evolution of genes related to chemosensing, digestion, and detoxification but also immunity might be associated with diet adaptation of an insect predator. These findings help explain why this predatory ladybird has become a successful biological control agent and will enable the optimization of its mass rearing and use in biological control programs.
Improvement of Outcomes in Hemodynamically Unstable Patients With Pelvic Fracture Following The Establishment of a Trauma Center: A Single Center Observational Study in Korea
Authors: Lee Mina , Yu Byungchul , Lee Giljae , Lee Jungnam , Choi Kangkook , Park Youngeun , Gwak Jihun
Published: January 2021

Background: The trauma center and multidisciplinary management protocols have been proved to improve the outcomes of severely injured patients. Hemorrhage from pelvic injury is associated with high mortality and is a common cause of preventable trauma death. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the establishment of a trauma center and management protocols on the outcomes of hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fractures.Methods: Hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fractures were reviewed retrospectively over a 10-year period. They were grouped into periods 1 and 2, which were defined as before and after the establishment of a trauma center and protocols, respectively. Basic characteristics and outcomes were compared between periods.Results: This study enrolled a total of 106 patients. Basic and physiological characteristics were not significantly different in both periods. Pre-peritoneal packing (PPP) and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of aorta (REBOA) were only performed in period 2 (PPP, N = 27; REBOA, N = 10). In period 2, the time from emergency room arrival to hemostatic intervention was significantly shorter (269 ± 132.4 min. vs. 147.2 ± 95.5 min., p < 0.0001), and mortality due to acute hemorrhage was significantly decreased (33.3% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.018). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age, ISS, and period 1 as independent risk factors for mortality.Conclusion: The establishment of a trauma center and multidisciplinary management protocols, such as PPP and REBOA, improved the outcomes of hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fractures.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Jharkhand state, India: An online survey
Authors: Rai Arpita , Nishant Nishant , Singh DK , Kulkarni Nitin Madan , Chaurasia Shailesh Kumar , Pathak LR
Published: January 2021

Background
People's adherence to control measures is imperative in the fight against COVID-19. The present study was done to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among residents of Jharkhand and to assist government in deciding further course of action during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods
This study was an online cross sectional survey. The link to the questionnaire was displayed on the official website of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Government of Jharkhand, National Health Mission, Jharkhand, official website of all districts under Jharkhand state administration, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme and Information & Public Relations department. Participation of residents in the survey was also extensively propagated using mass media mainly local television networks, radio channel and newspapers.
Results
A total of 4683 responses were received from all districts of Jharkhand. Majority of the participants were young adults (47.5%) and number of male participants was more than the females (81.4%). Mean correct knowledge score for participants of this study was 10.73 + 2.2 (maximum attainable score was 14) while mean practice score for the participants was 4.5 + 0.69 (maximum attainable score was 5). Knowledge score of the participants was significantly associated with their age, education status and economic class (p < 0.05). The participants largely held an optimistic attitude and healthy practices towards COVID-19.
Conclusions
Participants had positive attitude but were also logically worried and uncertain about near future. Adequate knowledge of participants was visible in the practices of residents. There was however a gap across age groups, gender, literacy and income levels which should be addressed in future campaigns.
Trichinella in Wildlife in Chile With the First Record in Leopardus Guigna and Galictis Cuja
Authors: Echeverry Diana Maritza , Henríquez AnaLía , González-Acuña Daniel , Fuente Carolina Silva-de la , Ortega René , Sandoval Daniel , Landaeta-Aqueveque Carlos
Published: January 2021

Background: Trichinellosis is a worldwide distributed disease caused by Trichinella species and also considered neglected and emerging. Trichinella spp. are transmitted by predation or carrion consumption and present a domestic and a sylvatic cycle. Human trichinellosis occurs due to the consumption of raw or poorly cooked infected meat, mainly associated with the household slaughter of pigs without veterinary inspection, a cultural practice that is difficult to resolve. Therefore, the knowledge of the reservoir of this parasite is relevant. Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the presence of Trichinella sp. in several carnivore and omnivore vertebrates in Central-Southern Chile. A total of 61 animals, either found run over or that died in rescue/rehabilitation centers, encompassing 15 species, were examined by artificial digestion for detection of Trichinella larvae, and larvae were molecularly analyzed to identify the species. Results: Trichinella larvae were found in a Leopardus guigna and a Galictis cuja. Only those of L. guigna could be identified as Trichinella spiralis. Conclusions: This is the first record of Trichinella in a native mustelid of South America and the first record of T. spiralis in L. guigna. These results increase the number of hosts, enhancing the need to identify the role of these animals in the reservoir for humans, and highlighting the priority that the study of the rural-sylvatic interphase represents.
ACSL3 As a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Xiangyu , Li Meng , Wang Mozhi , Wang Mengshen , Dong Haoran , Yao Litong , Li Xinyan , Wang Yusong , Tan Shirong , Chen Yuhai , Xu Yingying
Published: January 2021

Objective: To explore the expression pattern of long chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase 3 (ACSL3) in breast cancer, and evaluate the clinical significance of ACSL3 by analyzing potential function and prognostic value of ACSL3 in human breast carcinoma.Methods: The expression of ACSL3 in normal mammary tissues and breast tumor tissues was analyzed by GEPIA and Human Protein Atlas. The prognostic value of ACSL3 was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier plotter analysis. ACSL3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 297 breast cancer patients from the First Hospital of China Medical University Furthermore, based on LinkedOmics database, analyses of GO and KEGG pathways were performed to identify the potential function of ACSL3. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database was used to evaluate the association between ACSL3 and immune infiltration in breast cancer. Results: GEPIA and Human Protein Atlas indicated that ACSL3 was significantly upregulated in breast carcinomas. Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis showed that increased expression of ACSL3 mRNA was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in breast cancer patients. Results from immunochemical staining showed that ACSL3 was obviously related to clinicopathological features of breast cancer, and ACSL3 was highly abundant in TNBC tumors. Moreover, survival analysis of breast cancer patients demonstrated that higher ACSL3 protein expression is unfavorable prognostic biomarker in breast cancer patients. Results from TIMER database indicated that ACSL3 expression was significantly correlated with infiltration level of multiple immune cells. Further studies are needed to explore underlying mechanism of the pro-tumor effects of ACSL3 expression.Conclusions: ACSL3 may not only serve as a reliable predictive biomarker of breast cancer but also have impact on the occurrence and progression of breast cancer. Thus, ACSL3 may be an emerging therapeutic target for the development of molecular-targeted therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.