bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Occupation Based Physical Activity Intervention Program
Authors: Harrell Joanne S. , Johnston Lawrence F. , Griggs Thomas R. , Schaefer Peggy , Carr Edward G. , McMurray Robert G. , Meibohm Anne R. , Munoz Sergio , Raines Byron N. , Williams O. Dale
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of an occupation based health and fitness program. Subjects were 1,504 police trainees (85% male, 15% female) with an ethnic distribution of 82% white, 16% African American, and 2% other. Data were collected at 25 sites across the state of North Carolina. The sites were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (implemented the intervention) or the control group (continued usual training). As compared with controls, subjects at the experimental sites improved significantly in cardiovascular fitness (aerobic power), general muscular strength (number of sit ups per minute), and flexibility, and lowered their body fat. The intervention required minimal equipment and was taught primarily by peers who received a 1 week training program. This occupational approach to improving health could be particularly useful in occupations with many workers who seldom engage in leisure time physical activity.
Farm Health and Safety Issues
Authors: Dewar Diane M.
Published: September 2018

This study identifies gender specific farm health and safety issues. Based on a sample from the 1988 New York Farm Family Survey, descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were used to establish unique gender based profiles in terms of labor force participation, and prioritization of farm health and safety issues, concerns, and information sources. Based on the factor analysis, women's main farm health and safety issues included physical problems and occupational hazard screening needs, provider integrity, and economic incentives. Men's main issues consisted of accident related counseling needs, skin related hazards, and the farm related convenience of the services. Men and women had statistically significant differences in the types of information sources and reasons for using farm health and safety services. These differences imply that farm health and safety providers must consider both gender related information gathering and farm health and safety prioritizations to more efficiently allocate intervention resources, more effectively promote safety, and reduce the incidence of occupationally related morbidity and mortality in agriculture.
Certified Occupational Health Nursing
Authors: Burgel Barbara J. , Wallace Emily M. , Kemerer Sharon Donnelly , Garbin Margery
Published: September 2018

Specialty nursing certification programs, such as that administered by the American Board for Occupational Health Nurses, Inc. (ABOHN), must be firmly based on current practice to maintain validity. To determine this, ABOHN performed its most recent job analysis and role delineation study between 1992 and 1994. A comprehensive survey tool was developed by ABOHN Board members, and administered to all 3,805 certified occupational health nurses in practice at the time of the study. With a final return rate of 42.7%, the results were believed to be representative of the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to practice occupational health nursing in the United States at the proficient level of practice. The results of the study formed the basis for the ABOHN test blueprints and the creation of two credentials for occupational health nurses: the Certified Occupational Health Nurse (COHN) and the Certified Occupational Health Nurse Specialist (COHN-S).
Violence toward Health Care Workers
Authors: Arnetz Judith E. , Arnetz Bengt B. , Söderman Erik
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to establish data for career prevalence and 1 year incidence of workplace violence for major categories of health care workers. Three consecutive work environment questionnaire studies at a large Swedish hospital provided the basis for the study. Prevalence and incidence rates of violence were age and gender adjusted to the Swedish working population. Prevalence of violence in the study population was compared to data from a national sample of Swedish registered nurses. Incidence of violence in each professional group was compared to that of the largest group of hospital employees, registered nurses. Standardized prevalence ratios for violence were significantly higher for all nursing personnel and physicians, and were highest for practical nurses (1.56). Standardized incidence rates ranged from 18/100 person years for physicians to 31/100 person years for practical nurses. The relative risk for violence at work over a 1 year period was significantly higher only for practical nurses (1.59) as compared to registered nurses. Nursing personnel and physicians were at considerable risk for workplace violence in the course of their careers. One year incidence rates were highest for practical nurses.
Domestic Violence in the Workplace
Authors: Childre Frances , Fitzgerald Sheila , Dienemann Jacqueline , Cadorette Maureen Farrell
Published: September 2018

In Minneapolis on Valentine's Day, a man walked into the second floor offices of his ex-girlfriend and loudly confronted her. He followed her as she fled into the women's restroom where they argued briefly and he shot her. He then fled the building and the state. She died ( Star Tribune, February 15, 1996).
Causes of Staff Abuse in Health Care Facilities
Authors: Yassi Annalee , Tate Robert , Cooper Juliette , Jenkins Joan , Trottier June
Published: September 2018

Verbal and physical abuse of health care workers (HCWs) is prevalent and costly. A 3 month prospective study was conducted to characterize precipitating conditions and the perpetrators of abusive incidents reported by HCWs at a large inner city hospital. Sixty-six HCWs reporting 102 incidents were interviewed by a research nurse within 48 hours of the incident. Abusive incidents resulted from 55 different patients and 11 visitors. Verbal abuse accounted for 42 incidents (41%) and 60 (59%) involved physical abuse. Two thirds of the abuse occurred on psychiatric wards, 20% on inpatient wards, and 13% in other settings. Overall, twice as many abusive incidents were inflicted by males as females. Cognitive impairment accounted for 19% of the incidents and one abuser was intoxicated at the time. Rule enforcement precipitated abuse in 70% of incidents. Researchers concluded that reviewing rules that apply to patients, how HCWs are trained to enforce rules, how to respond when service requested cannot be provided promptly, and how HCWs can protect themselves when performing a service were important elements in the prevention of staff abuse.
Ambient Noise Levels in Mobile Audiometric Testing Facilities: Compliance with Industry Standards
Authors: Lankford James E. , Perrone Diane C. , Thunder Thomas D.
Published: September 2018

Excessive ambient noise levels in audiometric test booths may elevate and therefore invalidate hearing thresholds of employees included in a hearing conservation program. This study was conducted to determine if a sample of mobile test vans and trailers operating in the Midwest met the 1983 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) maximum permissible ambient noise levels (MPANLs), the MPANLs in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) S3.1–1991, and the suggested National Hearing Conservation Association (NHCA) values. Ambient noise levels were measured in 13 audiometric test booths contained in 12 different industrial mobile test vans and trailers operating in the Midwest. Results indicated that all 13 (100%) of the industrial mobile test vans and trailers evaluated complied with 1983 OSHA permissible levels and the NHCA 1996 recommended levels. With regard to the 1991 ANSI MPANLs, 5 (38%) of the 13 booths were in compliance at all frequencies. Those that failed did so at 125, 250, and 500 Hz. It appears that the NHCA levels need to be used for all hearing conservation programs with respect to compliance for noise levels in mobile audiometric test booths.
Case Management Services for Injured Workers: Providers' Perspectives
Authors: Pergola Tanya , Salazar Mary K. , Graham Katherine Young , Brines Julie
Published: September 2018

The perceptions of service providers involved in case management services are described here. The service providers included claims managers, occupational nurse consultants, attending physicians, and nurse case managers. The purposes of this phase of the study were to describe these providers' perceptions about the case management program; to organize findings according to the quality assessment model that guided this study (including structure, function, and outcomes); and to identify barriers and facilitators to satisfaction with case management services. Structural factors that affected services included the workers' compensation system, construction of the service team, roles within the program, and individual attributes of service providers. Process factors were conflicts among parties, role of communication, and interaction with workers. Outcomes were described in terms of program efficiency and effectiveness. Data are used to illustrate and explain each of these themes.
Injury Experience of Temporary Workers in a Manufacturing Setting: Factors that Increase Vulnerability
Authors: Morris Judy A.
Published: September 2018

An apparent two to three times higher injury frequency rate for temporary employees compared to permanent workers was identified in one manufacturing setting. Data were collected using demographic surveys (N = 20) and three focus group interviews (n = 13), with a convenience sample of temporary employees as well as four structured interviews with temporary agency owners and managers to explore factors which increase the vulnerability of temporary employees to workplace injuries. Several physical and psychological stressors were identified as well as a perception by the temporary employees that the reporting of work injuries could lead to loss of a temporary work assignment or the opportunity for permanent employment.

In contrast, the agency owners and managers were concerned that reported injuries were not always legitimate. All of them actively used strategies to control their injury experience but faced the challenge of lacking day to day control of both the work environment and employee work behaviors. This preliminary study cannot be generalized to manufacturing worksites. Additional research is needed to document the injury experience of temporary employees, identify training needs, and design interventions.
Quantifying the impact of inhalational burns: a prospective study
Authors: Chong Si Jack , Kok Yee Onn , Tay Rosanna Xiang Ying , Ramesh Desai Suneel , Tan Kok Chai , Tan Bien Keem
Published: September 2018

Background

Inhalational injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in burns patients. This study aims to analyse the clinical outcomes, complications and bacteriology of inhalational burn patients.

Methods

A prospective study was done on consecutive admissions to Burn Department, Singapore General Hospital over 15 months from January 2015 to March 2016. Presence of inhalational injury, demographics, complications and outcomes was recorded. Diagnosis of inhalational injury was based on history, symptoms and nasoendoscopy. Diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury (AKI) and infective complications were according to the Berlin criteria, acute kidney injury network (AKIN) classification stage 2 and above and the American Burns Association guidelines.

Results

Thirty-five patients (17.3%) had inhalational burns out of 202 patients (63.4% male, 57.4% Chinese population). The average age was 43 ± 16.7 years (range 16–86), and percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA) was 12.1 ± 18.0 (range 0–88). In patients with inhalational injury, age was 38.9 ± 17.2 years and %TBSA was 30.3 ± 32.3. In patients without inhalational injury, age was 44.1 ± 12.8  years and %TBSA was 8.3 ± 9.59. Compared to patients with cutaneous injury alone, patients with inhalational burns had more surgeries (3 ± 7.07 vs 1 ± 1.54, p = 0.003), increased length of stay (21 days vs 8 days, p = 0.004) and higher in-hospital mortality rate (17.1% vs 0.6%, p < 0.001). Incidence of ARDS and AKI was 48.6% and 37.1%, respectively, compared to 0.6% and 1.2% in the patients without inhalational injury (p < 0.001). Patients with inhalational injury had increased incidence of bacteraemia (31.4% vs 2.4%, p < 0.001), pneumonia (37.1% vs 1.2%, p < 0.001) and burn wound infection (51.4% vs 25.1%, p = 0.004). Inhalational injury predicted AKI with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 17.43 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.07–98.87, p < 0.001); ARDS, OR = 106.71 (95% CI 12.73–894.53, p < 0.001) and pneumonia, OR = 13.87 (95% CI 2.32–82.94, p = 0.004). Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequently cultured bacteria in sputum, blood and tissue cultures with inhalational injury. Gram-negative bacteria were predominantly cultured from tissue in patients with inhalational injury, whereas gram-positive bacteria were predominantly cultured from tissue in patients without inhalational injury.

Conclusions

Inhalational injury accompanying burns significantly increases the length of stay, mortality and complications including AKI, ARDS, infection and sepsis.
Review and update of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Elderly People (HoNOS65+)
Authors: James Mick , Buckingham Bill , Cheung Gary , McKay Roderick , Painter Jon , Stewart Malcom W.
Published: September 2018

Aims and method

The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Elderly People (HoNOS65+) has been used widely for 20 years, but has not been updated to reflect contemporary clinical practice. The Royal College of Psychiatrists convened an advisory board, with expertise from the UK, Australia and New Zealand, to propose amendments. The aim was to improve rater experience when using the HoNOS65+ glossary by removing ambiguity and inconsistency, rather than a more radical revision.

Results

Views and experience from the countries involved were used to produce a series of amendments intended to improve intra- and interrater reliability and improve validity. This update will be called HoNOS Older Adults to reflect the changing nature of the population and services provided to meet their needs. These improvements are reported verbatim, together with the original HoNOS65+ to aid comparison.

Clinical implications

Formal examination of the psychometric properties of the revised measure is needed. However, clinician training will remain crucial.

Declaration of interest

None.
Failure is not an option – mitochondrial genome segregation in trypanosomes
Authors: Schneider André , Ochsenreiter Torsten
Published: September 2018

Unlike most other model eukaryotes, Trypanosoma brucei and its relatives have a single mitochondrion with a single-unit mitochondrial genome that is termed kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). Replication of the kDNA is coordinated with the cell cycle. During binary mitochondrial fission and prior to cytokinesis, the replicated kDNA has to be faithfully segregated to the daughter organelles. This process depends on the tripartite attachment complex (TAC) that physically links the kDNA across the two mitochondrial membranes with the basal body of the flagellum. Thus, the TAC couples segregation of the replicated kDNA with segregation of the basal bodies of the old and the new flagellum. In this Review, we provide an overview of the role of the TAC in kDNA inheritance in T. brucei. We focus on recent advances regarding the molecular composition of the TAC, and discuss how the TAC is assembled and how its subunits are targeted to their respective TAC subdomains. Finally, we will contrast the segregation of the single-unit kDNA in trypanosomes to mitochondrial genome inheritance in yeast and mammals, both of which have numerous mitochondria that each contain multiple genomes.
Significance of Hierarchical and Markov Clustering in Grouping Aware Data Placement for Data Intensive Applications Having Interest Locality
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Vengadeswaran , Sadhu Ramakrishnan Balasundaram
Published: September 2018

In this data era, massive volumes of data are being generated every second in variety of domains such as Geoscience, Social Web, Finance, e-Commerce, Health Care, Climate modelling, Physics, Astronomy, Government sectors etc. Hadoop has been well-recognized as de factobig data processing platform that have been extensively adopted, and is currently widely used, in many application domains processing Big Data. Even though it is considered as an efficient solution for such complex query processing, it has its own limitation when the data to be processed exhibit interest locality. The data required for any query execution follows grouping behavior wherein only a part of the Big-Data is accessed frequently. During such scenarion, the time taken to execute a queryand return results, increases exponentially as the amount of data increases leading to much waiting time for the user. Since Hadoop default data placement strategy (HDDPS) does not consider such grouping behavior, it does not perform efficiently resulting in lacunas such as decreased local map task execution, increased query execution time etc. Hence proposed an Optimal Data Placement Strategy (ODPS) based on grouping semantics. In this paper we experiment the significance oftwo most promising clustering techniques viz. Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) and Markov Clustering (MCL) in grouping aware data placement for data intensive applications having interest locality. Initially user access pattern is identified by dynamically analyzing history log.Then both clustering techniques (HAC & MCL) are separately applied over the access pattern to obtain independent clusters. These clusters are interpreted and validated to extract the Optimal Data Groupings (ODG). Finally proposed strategy reorganizes the default data layouts in HDFSbased on ODG to achieve maximum parallel execution per group subjective to Load Balancer and Rack Awareness. Our proposed strategy is tested in 10 node cluster placed in a multi rack with Hadoop installed in every node deployed in cloud platform. Proposed strategy reduces the query execution time, significantly improves the data locality and has proved to be more efficient for massive datasets processing in heterogeneous distributed environment. Also MCL shows a marginal improved performance over HAC for queries exhibiting interest localities.
Reducing the Interprocessors Migrations of the EKG Algorithm
Authors: Daoudi El Mostafa , Dargham Abdelmajid , Kerfali Aicha , Khatiri Mohammed
Published: September 2018

In this work, we consider the scheduling problem of a set of periodic implicit-deadline and synchronous tasks, on a real-time multiprocessor composed of m identical processors. It is known that the cost of migrations and preemptions has significant influence on global system performances. The EKG algorithm which is optimal for k=m, can generate a great number of migrant tasks, but it has the advantage that each migrant task migrates between two processors only. Later, Kato et al. [10] have proposed the EDHS algorithm in order to minimize the number of migrant tasks of EKG. Although EDHS minimizes the number of migration compared to EKG, its drawback is the generation of additional preemptions caused by the migrations on several processors. In this paper we propose a new tasks allocation algorithm that aims to combine the advantages of EKG (migrations between two processors only) and those of EDHS (reduction of number of migrations).
The Genesis of the Ethic Concept «Conscience»
Authors: Дмитриева Наталья , Dmitrieva Natal'ya , Малахова Ольга , Malahova Ol'ga , Пороль Ольга , Porol' Ol'ga , Просвиркина Ирина , Prosvirkina Irina
Published: September 2018

In the article deals with the ethical burden of the concept “conscience” on the material of dictionaries of the Church Slavonic language and the Russian language of the old Russian period, XIX and XX centuries. Semantic features of concept verbalizers are investigated. The analysis established the primordial ethical semantic share of the concept: “the voice of God, showing the conduct of the will of God regarding what should and should not do to man as a reasonable and moral being.” Throughout the study period, the main concept verbalizers and their derivatives have a high degree of ethical significance. Over time there is the appearance of new words and new ethically “opposite” values: chastity (to name some insulting words), dishonor (shame honor, insult), dishonest (violating the requirement of honor, dishonorable). It is established that the ethical semantic share of the concept “internal moral dignity of man, valor, honesty, nobility of soul and pure conscience” is preserved in the internal form of words that verbalize the concept throughout the existence of the Russian language.
Analytical Concordance of Diverse Point-of-Care and Central Laboratory Troponin I Assays
Authors: Tsui Albert K Y , Lyon Martha E , van Diepen Sean , Goudreau Bobbi Lynn , Thomas Dylan , Higgins Trefor , Raizman Joshua E , Füzéry Anna K , Rodriguez-Capote Karina , Estey Mathew , Cembrowski George
Published: September 2018

Background

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) 99th percentile cutoffs, used in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, are not standardized across cTnI assays. We compared 3 point-of-care (POC) and 1 central laboratory contemporary cTnI assays against the Abbott high-sensitivity (hs) cTnI to evaluate the analytical concordance and the feasibility of using a single cutoff value for all assays.

Methods

Fresh blood samples collected from 102 inpatients in the coronary care unit were measured on central laboratory instruments (Beckman Coulter DxI AccuTnI+3 TnI, Abbott Architect hs-TnI) and cTnI POC analyzers (Alere Triage Troponin I, Radiometer AQT90, Abbott i-STAT). Agreement and correlation between the contemporary cTnI assays and hs-cTnI assay were assessed using regression analysis. Proportional bias was assessed using Bland–Altman plots. Concordance between the contemporary cTnI and hs-cTnI assays was determined by diagnostic contingency tables at specific cutoffs.

Results

Most POC cTnI assays had excellent correlation with the Abbott hs-cTnI method (r  2 = 0.955–0.970) except for Alere Triage (r  2 = 0.617), while proportional bias is evident between all cTnI assays. Overall concordance between POC contemporary cTnI assays and hs-cTnI assay was 80% to 90% at their respective 99th percentile cutoffs. The concordance increased to 90% to 95% when a fixed cutoff of 0.03 to 0.05 ng/mL was used across the assays.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates poor analytical concordance between cTnI assays at the 99th percentile and supports the notion of a single clinical decision limit for cTnI and consequently standardization of diagnostic protocols despite the analytical differences among these assays.
Health Literacy and Osteoarthritis Self-Management
Authors: Marks Ray
Published: September 2018

Background:
Osteoarthritis is a disabling joint disease with no known cure that negatively effects life quality among high numbers of aging adults.

Aim:
To examine the concept of health literacy as a potentially overlooked, but highly salient, disease correlate among this older chronically disabled group.

Method:
A literature search using the key terms osteoarthritis and health literacy was conducted using the major data bases.

Results:
Although almost no work has focused on health literacy and osteoarthritis, the concept of health literacy is clearly linked to health status and health outcomes. Varying from marginal to high, health literacy is not always assessed or recognized as being clinically relevant, however, despite a large volume of related literature.

Conclusion:
Acknowledging the possible role of limited health literacy in the context of osteoarthritis disease progression, and applying carefully tailored directives for overcoming any related health literacy limitations may offer a novel approach for improving the outcomes for older people with this condition.
Statins and Lung Cancer: A Review of Current Literature
Authors: Childers DO W Kurtis , Melton MD Nathaniel , Goldman MD Daniel , Moritz DO Troy
Published: September 2018

Cardiovascular disease and lung cancer are two of the most common causes of death in the United States. The cardioprotective benefits of statin class drugs is predominantly mediated through the inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, decreasing available mevalonate, and thus limiting in vivo cholesterol biosynthesis. Mevalonate and its metabolites have significant roles in cellular membrane synthesis, which is dysregulated during tumorigenesis, and is therefore a potential source for anti-tumor effects of statins. Similarly, dysregulation of cellular signaling is a hallmark of tumorigenesis. In vitro studies of EGFR, RAS, and AKT signaling pathways in cancer cells can all be reformed back to states more indicative of normally functioning cells when treated with statins. Statins have also been shown to exert beneficial properties in the presence of chemotherapeutic medications and radiation therapies by modulating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species, decreasing tumor cell resistance, and minimizing damage to surrounding native tissues. There is abundant of in vitro evidence to support the beneficial effects of statins on lung cancer patients. Prospective studies to determine the value of statin therapy on lung cancer prevention could lead to a significant change in lung cancer treatment.
The problem of laboratory monitoring in therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biological agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Muravyev Yu. V. , Muravyeva L. A.
Published: September 2018

The paper discusses the problem of laboratory monitoring in therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological agents (BAs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Due to the risk of adverse reactions, in particular to that of cardiovascular diseases, hepatotoxicity, hematological disorders, deterioration of renal function, infections, and bleeding caused by the use of DMARDs and BAs, recommendations are needed to have a list of tests for laboratory monitoring during this therapy and the frequency of their implementation in patients with RA.
The current treatment strategy for gouty arthritis
Authors: Petrova M. S. , Musiychuk М. M. , Mazurov V. I.
Published: September 2018

Febuxostat is a non-purine selective inhibitor of isoforms of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), the effect of which is aimed at lowering the level of serum uric acid (UA). Febuxostat is a more potent inhibitor of XOR than allopurinol, as confirmed by that target UA levels have been achieved more frequently with febuxostat than with allopurinol, particularly in patients with high serum urate concentrations. The pharmacokinetic properties of febuxostat are not dependent on renal clearance, which distinguishes it from allopurinol and may benefit patients with chronic kidney disease. A number of studies are being conducted to further evaluate the cardiovascular safety of febuxostat and its possible positive effects in preserving renal function. Of importance is the fact that febuxostat does not require dose adjustment in elderly patients.
Risk factors for osteoporosis in men aged 40 years or older: the results of the program «Osteoscreening-Russia»
Authors: Nikitinskaya O. A. , Toroptsova N. V. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: September 2018

Objective:to estimate the prevalence of individual risk factors (RFs) for osteoporosis (OP) and fractures, the frequency of high-risk osteoporotic fractures by the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAXR) and OP according to distal forearm X-ray densitometric findings in men aged 50 years or older in different regions of Russia.

Patients and methods.Random cluster proportionally stratified samples of men aged 40 years or older were formed in the district polyclinics of 23 towns of the country with over 100,000 people in the framework of the social program «Osteoscreening-Russia» (OSR). The survey was conducted using a unified questionnaire. Screening also involved a densitometric study of distal forearm bone mineral density using a peripheral X-ray osteodensitometer (Osteometer Meditech DTX-200). The final analysis included 5057 men from 14 towns of 5 federal districts (FDs) of Russia.

Results.Estimation of the prevalence of individual RFs for osteoporotic fractures in men aged 40 years or older showed that the most common RFs were insufficient dietary calcium intake (91%), smoking (30%), low-energy fractures in the history (20%), low physical activity (16%), and secondary causes of OP (11%). The men in the Ural FD (UFD), Siberian FD, and Central FD were more frequently found to have ≥3 RFs. 5% of men aged 50 years or older were at high risk for osteoporotic fractures by FRAXR, whereas the frequency of OP according to peripheral densitometric findings was 19%. The inhabitants of the North-Western FD and UFD had the greatest need for medical and preventive measures, which was identified by the FRAXR algorithm.

Conclusion.The OSR survey could reveal the most common clinical RFs for OP and osteoporotic fractures in men in 5 regions of the Russian Federation, insufficient dietary calcium intake and assess the risk of osteoporotic fractures and the rate of OP according to peripheral densitometric findings.
Repeated short cycles of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and kidney injury in patients with spinal degenerative-dystrophic diseases
Authors: Bichurina D. M. , Gaydukova I. Z. , Patrikeeva D. А. , Rebrov A. P.
Published: September 2018

Objective:to evaluate kidney function in patients with spinal degenerative-dystrophic diseases (SDDDs) who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as repeated short cycles of treatment for severe back pain.

Patients and methods.The investigation enrolled 97 patients with SDDDs who took NSAIDs for back pain (a study group). A control group consisted of sexand age-matched healthy individuals who had not used NSAIDs within the past year (n=40). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation and markers of kidney injury (albuminuria and globulinuria) were measured.

Results.In the study group, GFR was decreased to <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 61 (62.9%) patients, to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 11 (11.3%); the mean GFR was 77.5 [68.0; 89.0] ml/min/1.73 m2; in the control group, a decline in GFR to 89–60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was recorded in 35 (62.5%) cases; this indicator was >90 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the remaining 15 (37.5%) cases; the mean GFR was 82.5 [70.8; 90.0] ml/min/1.73 m2 (p≥0.05 for all pairwise comparisons). A decrease in GFR to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was found in 11 (11.3%) patients in the study group and in nobody in the control group (p=0.026). Elevated albuminuria was noted in 74 (76.3%) patients with SDDDs and in 9 (22.5%) healthy individuals (p<0.05). Albumin/creatinine ratio was 57.1 [33.8; 82.4] mg/g in the study group and 25.0 [17.5; 32.9] mg/g in the control group (p<0.0001). Increased globulinuria was established in all the patients with SDDDs and only in 3 (7.5%) healthy examinees. Globulin/creatinine ratio was 134.7 [77.5; 197.7] mg/g in the study group and 12.9 [0.5; 18.1] mg/g in the control group (p<0.0001).

Conclusion. A decline in GFR to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was more often seen in the patients taking NSAIDs for spine pain caused by SDDDs than in the healthy individuals. In case of comparable GFR, the level of kidney injury markers was significantly higher in the study group than that in the control group, which suggests that patients with SDDDs who take NSAIDs have subclinical tubulointerstitial and glomerular changes.
Who Discovered the Northwest Passage?
Authors: Cavell Janice
Published: September 2018

In 1855 a parliamentary committee concluded that Robert McClure deserved to be rewarded as the discoverer of a Northwest Passage. Since then, various writers have put forward rival claims on behalf of Sir John Franklin, John Rae, and Roald Amundsen. This article examines the process of 19th-century European exploration in the Arctic Archipelago, the definition of discovering a passage that prevailed at the time, and the arguments for and against the various contenders. It concludes that while no one explorer was “the” discoverer, McClure’s achievement deserves reconsideration.
Seal Occurrence and Habitat Use during Summer in Petermann Fjord, Northwestern Greenland
Authors: Lomac-MacNair Kate , Jakobsson Martin , Mix Alan , Freire Francis , Hogan Kelly , Mayer Larry , Smultea Mari A.
Published: September 2018

Ice-associated seals are considered especially susceptible and are potentially the first to modify distribution and habitat use in response to physical changes associated with the changing climate. Petermann Glacier, part of a unique ice-tongue fjord environment in a rarely studied region of northwestern Greenland, lost substantial sections of its ice tongue during major 2010 and 2012 calving events. As a result, changes in seal habitat may have occurred. Seal occurrence and distribution data were collected in Petermann Fjord and adjacent Nares Strait region over 27 days (2 to 28 August) during the multidisciplinary scientific Petermann 2015 Expedition on the icebreaker Oden. During 239.4 hours of dedicated observation effort, a total of 312 individuals were recorded, representing four species: bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), hooded seal (Crystophora cristata), harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), and ringed seal (Pusa hispida). Ringed seals were recorded significantly more than the other species (χ2 = 347.4, df = 3, p < 0.001, n = 307). We found significant differences between species in haul-out (resting on ice) behavior (χ2 = 133.1, df = 3, p < 0.001, n = 307). Bearded seals were more frequently hauled out (73.1% n = 49), whereas ringed seals were almost exclusively in water (93.9%, n = 200). Differences in average depth and ice coverage where species occurred were also significant: harp seals and bearded seals were found in deeper water and areas of greater ice coverage (harp seals: 663 ± 366 m and 65 ± 14% ice cover; bearded seals: 598 ± 259 m and 50 ± 21% ice cover), while hooded seals and ringed seals were found in shallower water with lower ice coverage (hooded seals: 490 ± 163 m and 38 ± 19% ice cover; ringed seals: 496 ± 235 m, and 21 ± 20% ice cover). Our study provides an initial look at how High Arctic seals use the rapidly changing Petermann Fjord and how physical variables influence their distribution in one of the few remaining ice-tongue fjord environments.
Aplicação da produção enxuta para uma proposta de melhoria no layout do setor de preparação de kits em uma empresa do ramo aeronáutico
Authors: Silva Correia João Paulo , Ribeiro Guilherme , Corrêa Patrícia Laurindo , Borges Ulysses De Carvalho , Nascimento Prudêncio Regis Alexandre
Published: September 2018

Através da aplicação de métodos da produção enxuta, as empresas estão transformando seus processos, consequentemente proporcionando melhores resultados incluindo menores custos, com a redução de desperdícios dos custos de seus processos e manufatura. Este artigo apresenta a aplicação dos conceitos e a eficácia do Sistema Toyota de Produção através de uma pesquisa de proposta em uma empresa do setor aeronáutico. O conceito e as ferramentas do Sistema Toyota de Produção como o 5s, Mapeamento de Fluxo, Layout e mapofluxograma serão princípios básicos para a proposta de layout no setor de preparação de Kits. Com a descrição do mapeamento de processo atual, foi possível planejar melhor a forma de executar as propostas de melhorias junto com os conceitos de produção enxuta, a fim de atingir melhores resultados para a pesquisa-ação na proposta de melhoria no layout do setor preparação de Kits, onde um novo cenário e modelo de layout são realizados para abastecimento nas linhas das aeronaves de médio e grande porte.
Otimização do portfólio de uma confecção de moda íntima: uma abordagem utilizando programação matemática
Authors: Dos Santos Marcos , Lima Isis Coelho , Lima Angélica Coelho , Quintal Renato Santiago , Dias Fabrício da Costa Dias Da Costa
Published: September 2018

No âmbito da Pesquisa Operacional, a Programação Linear caracteriza-se como uma técnica de otimização voltada para a solução de modelos descritos por equações lineares, beneficiando-se da capacidade crescente de processamento dos computadores. O artigo em tela apresenta um problema de programação linear clássico, formulado a partir de informações da indústria têxtil. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho é propor um mix de produção que maximize as receitas de uma confecção de moda íntima feminina localizada na Região Serrana do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de uma dada quantidade de insumos disponíveis. Comparando-se a prática atual da empresa e o cenário proposto pelo modelo, otimizado por meio do Método Simplex, verificou-se uma melhora no balanço anual da confecção da ordem de 9,3%.
Benefícios provenientes da implementação do programa 5s em empresas nacionais
Authors: Da Costa Messa João Antônio , Campani Pedro Brandão , De Oliveira Alexandre Silva
Published: September 2018

Este artigo tem como finalidade apresentar resultados de estudos publicados em periódicos, sobre a implementação do programa 5S em empresas brasileiras, analisando possíveis consequências da aplicação, dificuldades encontradas e benefícios. O programa 5S visa melhorar a qualidade dos processos empresarias de forma que elimine desperdícios e qualifique o ambiente de trabalho. Entretanto, a implementação do programa requer sacrifícios e dificuldades, pois exige dedicação total de todos os envolvidos de forma direta na produção. A metodologia empregada foi baseada em uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico e exploratório, utilizando artigos, livros e trabalhos relacionados para fundamentar e discutir o tema proposto. Considerando dez trabalhos recentes, neste artigo consta uma análise da implementação do programa 5S visando ajudar o leitor a identificar resultados particulares da aplicação do processo dentro de cada empresa referenciada no artigo.
Distribuição física: a análise do processo de expedição de um centro de distribuição de bebidas na cidade de Juazeiro-BA
Authors: Damasceno Naiane Talita Dos Santos , Silva Ana Cristina Gonçalves Castro , Silva José De Castro
Published: September 2018

: O potencial de crescimento no setor de bebidas é influenciado diretamente pelo desempenho econômico do país. Em busca do diferencial competitivo frente a tantas fabricantes de bebidas que, ocupam posição de destaque, a nível nacional e internacional, utiliza-se da logística de distribuição. Diante da necessidade de levar produtos certos para os lugares certos e no momento certo, criaram-se os centros de distribuição (CD). As empresas que utilizam de um CD adquirem vantagem competitiva, assumindo um papel estratégico na organização e garantem um diferencial no mercado em que atua, aumentando assim o nível de serviço dos mesmos. Nesse cenário, foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso em um centro de distribuição de bebidas na cidade de Juazeiro-BA, com o objetivo de analisar seu processo logístico de distribuição em relação a melhoria de seu nível de serviço. Para a sua concretização, a pesquisa transcorreu-se por meio da coleta de dados, utilizando os seguintes procedimentos que as caracterizam: coleta documental, observação e entrevista. Diante desses fatos, foram realizadas visitas in loco e questionamentos com os responsáveis da área logística, descrevendo o processo que é executado pela empresa. Logo após, analisou-se o processo logístico, identificando quais fatores são determinantes para o nível de serviço. Para isso utilizou-se da ferramenta brainstorming, em seguida classificou-os por categoria no diagrama de Ishikawa e atribuiu-se importâncias a cada item a partir do auxílio da Matriz GUT. Como resultado, na proposta de melhoria, desenvolveu-se um plano de ação baseado na ferramenta 5W2H, apresentando algumas medidas que poderão melhorar o nível de serviço da empresa. Sendo uma das propostas, reuniões entre os gerentes de áreas e aquisição de um software de roteirização.
Comparativo entre indicadores de sustentabilidade na gestão de resíduos sólidos em duas cidades brasileiras
Authors: Valim Luciane Herbst , Dos Santos Antônio José , Duarte Marcia Adriana Tomaz , Gouvea Carlos Alberto Klimeck
Published: September 2018

O presente estudo aborda os aspectos de sustentabilidade ambiental do sistema de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos (GRSU) na cidade Joinville, através do uso de Matriz de Sustentabilidade, e compara com o resultado obtido na cidade de Feira de Santana. Essa Matriz contempla 42 indicadores e 126 descritores e apresentou como resultado uma avaliação relativamente fiel à condição da GRSU das cidades avaliadas, apresentando nota 6,7 para Joinville e 4,1 para Feira de Santana, de um  máximo de 10. Mesmo assim, são apresentadas as deficiências encontradas e propostas melhorias para essa matriz. Também foi utilizado o Índice de Sustentabilidade de Limpeza Urbana (ISLU) do Sindicato das Empresas de Limpeza Urbana no Estado de São Paulo para avaliação dos mesmos municípios e constatado que esse Índice dá classificação C, a mesma para cidades com realidades bastante distintas, o que não permite seu uso como direcionamento para a gestão da sustentabilidade a que se propõe.
BR-163 Amazônica: potencial de pedágios para um fundo de desenvolvimento regional sustentável e rotas alternativas para exportação da soja1
Authors: Lanzer Edgar A. , Mattuella Juvir L.
Published: September 2018

A parte amazônica da BR-163 tem sido objeto de debate intenso já por mais de uma década. Alguns estudos mostram uma relação custo/benefício privada muito favorável para o projeto de seu asfaltamento. O principal uso da rodovia será como via de exportação da soja mato-grossense via porto de Santarém, no rio Amazonas. Todavia, os riscos socioambientais parecem ser altos e podem reduzir a atratividade social do projeto a um nível crítico. Nesta pesquisa estima-se o volume anual de benefícios privados do projeto usando um modelo clássico de equilíbrio econômico espacial e, aparentemente, isto não foi feito até o momento. Os resultados obtidos são semelhantes ao do Convênio IME/DNIT, no qual foi usada uma metodologia muito detalhada, cara e demorada. Os resultados do modelo permitiram estimar o tamanho de um fundo para o desenvolvimento do entorno da rodovia sob o conceito de “disposição à pagar” com base na teoria econômica de bem-estar. Uma análise de sensibilidade dos resultados mostrou que os fretes cobrados na BR-163 poderiam ser 50% mais altos do que os cobrados em rodovias asfaltadas na região sem afetar a competitividade do projeto de asfaltamento sob a ótica da economia privada. Todavia, a expansão da Ferrovia Norte-Sul até o norte do Mato Grosso, dirigindo-se ao Maranhão pela borda sul da Floresta, reduz sensivelmente a superioridade competitiva da BR-163 asfaltada. De fato, é provável que a ferrovia seja um projeto socialmente superior, ainda que seu benefício privado líquido seja menor.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI ZnO SEBAGAI COATING ANTIKOROSI ZnO/Al(OH)3 PADA MATERIAL BAJA KARBON
Authors: Setiawan Adhi
Published: September 2018

ZnO seringkali digunakan sebagai aplikasi pigmen anti korosi pada logam karena tidak beracun, ramah lingkungan, murah serta memiliki ketahanan korosi yang relatif baik. Artikel ini memuat penelitian dalam melakukan  sintesa  partikel  ZnO  menggunakan  metode  presipitasi  dengan  ZnCl2  dan  NaOH  sebagai prekursor. Partikel ZnO yang dihasilkan memiliki morfologi berbentuk batang dengan ujung lancip. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi NaOH sebesar 0,5 M dihasilkan ZnO dengan ukuran terkecil sebesar  123  nm  dan  hasil  XRD  menunjukkan  bahwa  ZnO  memiliki  kristalinitas  tinggi  dengan  ukuran kristal mencapai 47 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada komposisi ZnO/Al(OH)3 sebesar 1:3 menjadikan  specimen  baja  karbon  memiliki  ketahanan  korosi  yang  terbaik  dengan  nilai  laju  korosi terendah sebesar 0,86 mpy.
Ty vole jako multifunkční komunikační prostředek v současné češtině
Authors: Ludwicki Antoni , Škodová Svatava
Published: September 2018

Příspěvek se zabývá používáním prostředku ty vole v současné mluvené češtině. Prostřednictvím kvalitativní analýzy materiálu mluvených korpusů češtiny příspěvek dokládá, že tento původně vulgární výraz v současné češtině ztratil v některých kontextech svou hanlivou náplň a je užíván i s jinými významy než vulgárními či depreciativními. Zároveň je možné sledovat i posun v jeho morfologickém zařazení, v současné době ne vždy lze charakterizovat jeho formu jako vokativ substantiva vůl, tj. následně i jeho postavení ve funkci kontaktové jako oslovení komunikačního partnera, ale dochází k jeho formálnímu ustrnutí do podoby částice a paralelně s tím, získává nové komunikační funkce. Cílem analýzy je popis komunikačních funkcí, do nichž prostředek ty vole vstupuje. Korpusová analýza je provázena elicitační výzkumnou sondou mezi zahraničními studenty bohemistiky. Cílem elicitace jsou individuální interpretace kontextů a cílů užití slovního spojení ty vole.
Chronic Estradiol exposure-harmful effects on behavior, cardiovascular and reproductive functions
Authors: MohanKumar Sheba M.j. , Balasubramanian Priya , Subramanian Madhan , MohanKumar P.s.
Published: September 2018

Estradiol (E2) is a female hormone that is produced largely by the ovaries, but also by the adrenal glands, fat and liver. It is present in the circulation of both males and females. Many studies in the literature have described how E2 is beneficial to the body in terms of preventing bone loss, affording protection in ischemia reperfusion injury, relieving symptoms of menopause, maintaining vaginal health, and helping with ovarian failure or hypogonadism. Beneficial effects on the brain have been reported to include protection against memory loss, neuronal degeneration, changes in cognition, mood and behavior. However, the effects of E2 exposure on the neuroendocrine system have not been understood completely. This is because differences in doses, preparation and duration of exposure have produced variable results ranging from beneficial, to no change, or to detrimental. Studies in our lab over the last few years have shown that chronic exposures to low levels of E2 in young rats can produce specific effects on the neuroendocrine system. We have observed that these exposures can induce reproductive senescence, hypertension, anxiety-like behavior, and cause degenerative changes in specific neuronal populations leading to hyperprolactinemia. The purpose of the review is to present evidence from the literature for these effects and to discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.