bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and validation of MEDRYS, a Mediterranean Sea reanalysis over the period 1992–2013
Authors: Hamon Mathieu , Beuvier Jonathan , Somot Samuel , Lellouche Jean-Michel , Greiner Eric , Jordà Gabriel , Bouin Marie-Noëlle , Arsouze Thomas , Béranger Karine , Sevault Florence , Dubois Clotilde , Drevillon Marie , Drillet Yann
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The French research community in the Mediterranean Sea modeling and the French operational ocean forecasting center Mercator Océan have gathered their skill and expertise in physical oceanography, ocean modeling, atmospheric forcings and data assimilation to carry out a MEDiterranean sea ReanalYsiS (MEDRYS) at high resolution for the period 1992–2013. The ocean model used is NEMOMED12, a Mediterranean configuration of NEMO with a 1∕12° ( ∼  7 km) horizontal resolution and 75 vertical z levels with partial steps. At the surface, it is forced by a new atmospheric-forcing data set (ALDERA), coming from a dynamical downscaling of the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis by the regional climate model ALADIN-Climate with a 12 km horizontal and 3 h temporal resolutions. This configuration is used to carry a 34-year hindcast simulation over the period 1979–2013 (NM12-FREE), which is the initial state of the reanalysis in October 1992. MEDRYS uses the existing Mercator Océan data assimilation system SAM2 that is based on a reduced-order Kalman filter with a three-dimensional (3-D) multivariate modal decomposition of the forecast error. Altimeter data, satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated. This paper describes the configuration we used to perform MEDRYS. We then validate the skills of the data assimilation system. It is shown that the data assimilation restores a good average temperature and salinity at intermediate layers compared to the hindcast. No particular biases are identified in the bottom layers. However, the reanalysis shows slight positive biases of 0.02 psu and 0.15 °C above 150 m depth. In the validation stage, it is also shown that the assimilation allows one to better reproduce water, heat and salt transports through the Strait of Gibraltar. Finally, the ability of the reanalysis to represent the sea surface high-frequency variability is shown.
Application of Cryoirradiation-Modified Xenopericardium for Building Bladder wall Defect
Authors: Sandomirsky Boris P. , Repin Nikolay V. , Mikhailova Irina P. , Manchenko Anna A.
Published: April 2016

Introduction

The project goal was to study special aspects of biointegration and the functional efficiency of the modified xenopericardium on the experimental model in vivo. Xenopericardium devitalization was performed using low temperatures and ionizing radiation (β-radiation) in an original manner.

Methods

In rabbits, a urinary bladder (UB) wall defect was repaired through tissue replacement. Observation period: up to 1 year. After implantation, tissue reaction and biomaterial structure changes were studied using light and electron microscopy. Dynamic ultrasound diagnostics were performed.

Results

After surgery all animals displayed normal physiological activity. No cases of material rejection or postoperative period complications were detected. At all stages the xenopericardium preserved structural integrity and served as a skeleton for forming an adequate UB wall. Small peripheral areas were exposed to lysis. After 3 months the collagen structure of the graft was rearranged and mucous membrane epithelization appeared. Folding was already formed and invasion of narrow SMC panniculi was registered within deeper layers. After 6 months the inner surface of the UB wall consisted of normal mucosa, lined by fully formed epithelium. By the 7th month an almost solid muscular sheet was formed in the lower layers.

Conclusions

Modified pericardium tissue with the given physical and mechanical properties was sustainable and able to endure the work load in an aggressive environment. It causes minimal inflammatory response, has a potential for cellular repopulation in vivo, stimulates formation of fibrous tissue, and embedded and restored cellular integrity and UB storage function.
Expression of CD133 Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Madjd Zahra , Erfani Elham , Gheytanchi Elmira , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar , Shariftabrizi Ahmad , Asadi-Lari Mohsen
Published: April 2016

Background

CD133-positive melanoma cells are thought to be melanoma-initiating cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. Some researchers have reported that CD133-negative subsets can also initiate tumors, so the clinical significance of a CD133-positive subpopulation of cells in melanoma remains controversial. This systematic review was designed to assess the value of CD133 as a CSC marker in melanomas. A meta-analysis was also performed to cumulatively analyze the data on CD133 expression levels in the selected studies.

Materials and Method

Eligible studies were identified via an electronic search through various databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science (from May 2005 through September 2014) using the following keywords: “CD133 or prominin-1”, “cancer stem cells”, and “melanoma”. Only articles in which CD133 antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were included. A meta-analysis was performed to identify any association between CD133 expression and clinical outcomes.

Results

Two hundred and ninety-nine melanoma cases from 5 studies were evaluated for expression levels of CD133 using IHC. Large heterogeneity was observed among the results (p<0.001, I2 = 94%). Approximately 47.9% (95% CI 23.7%-72.1%) of the studied melanoma cases had high CD133 expression. The I2 value and Q-test p value for heterogeneity were 89.0% and <0.001, respectively, and the pooled estimate of CD133 expression was 61.7% (95% CI 25.1%-98.4%).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that CD133 is not yet proven to be an appropriate biomarker in identifying CSCs of melanoma. Thus, detection of CD133 in combination with other putative CSC markers may be more valuable for clinical application.
Surgical Resection Margins after Breast-Conserving Surgery: Senonetwork Recommendations
Authors: Galimberti Viviana , Taffurelli Mario , Leonardi Maria Cristina , Aristei Cynthia , Trentin Chiara , Cassano Enrico , Pietribiasi Francesca , Corso Giovanni , Munzone Elisabetta , Tondini Carlo , Frigerio Alfonso , Cataliotti Luigi , Santini Donatella
Published: April 2016

This paper reports findings of the “Focus on Controversial Areas” Working Party of the Italian Senonetwork, which was set up to improve the care of breast cancer patients. After reviewing articles in English on the MEDLINE system on breast conserving surgery for invasive carcinoma, the Working Party presents their recommendations for identifying risk factors for positive margins, suggests how to manage them so as to achieve the highest possible percentage of negative margins, and proposes standards for investigating resection margins and therapeutic approaches according to margin status. When margins are positive, approaches include re-excision, mastectomy, or, as second-line treatment, radiotherapy with a high boost dose. When margins are negative, boost administration and its dose depend on the risk of local recurrence, which is linked to biopathological tumor features and surgical margin width. Although margin status does not affect the choice of systemic therapy, it may delay the start of chemotherapy when further surgery is required.
The Roots of Modern Oncology: From Discovery of New Antitumor Anthracyclines to their Clinical Use
Authors: Cassinelli Giuseppe
Published: April 2016

In May 1960, the Farmitalia CEO Dr. Bertini and the director of the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan Prof. Bucalossi (talent scout and city's Mayor) signed a research agreement for the discovery and development up to clinical trials of new natural antitumor agents. This agreement can be considered as a pioneering and fruitful example of a translational discovery program with relevant transatlantic connections. Owing to an eclectic Streptomyces, found near Castel del Monte (Apulia), and to the skilled and motivated participants of both institutions, a new natural antitumor drug, daunomycin, was ready for clinical trials within 3 years. Patent interference by the Farmitalia French partner was overcome by the good quality of the Italian drug and by the cooperation between Prof. Di Marco, director of the Istituto Ricerche Farmitalia Research Laboratories for Microbiology and Chemotherapy, and Prof. Karnofsky, head of the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Institute of New York, leading to the first transatlantic clinical trials. The search for daunomycin's sister anthracyclines led to the discovery and development of adriamycin, one of the best drugs born in Milan. This was the second act prologue of the history of Italian antitumor discovery and clinical oncology, which started in July 1969 when Prof. Di Marco sent Prof. Bonadonna the first vials of adriamycin (doxorubicin) to be tested in clinical trials. This article reviews the Milan scene in the 1960s, a city admired and noted for the outstanding scientific achievements of its private and public institutions in drugs and industrial product discovery.
The “Former Sun” in the Sidereal Clock: The Kabbalistic Heavens and Time in The Spanish Gypsy and Daniel Deronda
Authors: Wilkinson Caroline
Published: April 2016

In both her epic poem The Spanish Gypsy and her final novel Daniel Deronda, Eliot drew upon kabbalistic concepts of the heavens through the characters of Jewish mystics. In the later novel, Eliot moved the mystic, Mordecai, from the narrative's periphery to its center. This change, symbolically equated within the novel to a shift from geocentricism to heliocentrism, affects time in Daniel Deronda both in terms of plot and historical focus. Not only does time slow as Mordecai assumes a central role, the astral imagery begins to draw upon a medieval past when Jewish thinkers explored interdisciplinary concepts of the heavens. This essay argues for the centrality of the astronomical imagery in relation to the Jewish themes of Daniel Deronda and shows through its analysis of The Spanish Gypsy how Eliot employed kabbalistic ideas of the skies in an attempt to create a new vision of star-crossed love for literature.
Effectiveness of an Afterschool-Based Aggression Management Program for Elementary Students
Authors: Staecker Emma , Puett Eli , Afrassiab Shayda , Ketcherside Miranda , Azim Sabiya , Wang Anna , Darson Rhodes , Carol Cox
Published: April 2016

A school-community partnership team implemented an aggression management curriculum in an afterschool program as an early-intervention strategy at the upper elementary level. Although statistically significant differences in physical or psychological aggression were not found, the partnership team gained a better understanding of evidence-based programs and collaborative interventions. This article presents implications for school counselors, community partners, and the health/social services team. It also offers program improvements and other approaches for addressing bullying.
GaN barrier layer dependence of critical thickness in GaInN/GaN superlattice on GaN characterized by in situ X-ray diffraction
Authors: Osumi Junya , Ishihara Koji , Yamamoto Taiji , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu
Published: April 2016

We investigated the critical thickness dependence on the GaN barrier layer thickness in a GaInN/GaN superlattice (SL). The characterization was done by combining an in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) system attached to a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy rector and ex situ analyses such as scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The critical thickness required for the introduction of a + c-type misfit dislocations (MDs) in the GaInN/GaN SL was determined by analyzing the full width at half maximum of the in situ XRD spectrum from a GaInN/GaN SL as a function of SL periods, and we successfully found the critical thicknesses of specific different SLs.
7-Octenyltrichrolosilane/trimethyaluminum hybrid dielectrics fabricated by molecular-atomic layer deposition on ZnO thin film transistors
Authors: Huang Jie , Lee Mingun , Lucero Antonio T. , Cheng Lanxia , Ha Min-Woo , Kim Jiyoung
Published: April 2016

We demonstrate the fabrication of 7-octenytrichlorosilane (7-OTS)/trimethylaluminum (TMA) organic–inorganic hybrid films using molecular-atomic layer deposition (MALD). The properties of 7-OTS/TMA hybrid films are extensively investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrical measurements. Our results suggest that uniform and smooth amorphous hybrid thin films with excellent insulating properties are obtained using the MALD process. Films have a relatively high dielectric constant of approximately 5.0 and low leakage current density. We fabricate zinc oxide (ZnO) based thin film transistors (TFTs) using 7-OTS/TMA hybrid material as a back gate dielectric with the top ZnO channel layer deposited in-situ via MALD. The ZnO TFTs exhibit a field effect mobility of approximately 0.43 cm2 V−1 s−1, a threshold voltage of approximately 1 V, and an on/off ratio of approximately 103 under low voltage operation (from −3 to 9 V). This work demonstrates an organic–inorganic hybrid gate dielectric material potentially useful in flexible electronics application.
Toward the Integration of Machine Learning and Molecular Modeling for Designing Drug Delivery Nanocarriers
Authors: Gao Xuejiao J. , Ciura Krzesimir , Ma Yuanjie , Mikolajczyk Alicja , Jagiello Karolina , Wan Yuxin , Gao Yurou , Zheng Jiajia , Zhong Shengliang , Puzyn Tomasz , Gao Xingfa
Published: September 2024

The pioneering work on liposomes in the 1960s and subsequent research in controlled drug release systems significantly advances the development of nanocarriers (NCs) for drug delivery. This field is evolved to include a diverse array of nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and more, each tailored to specific therapeutic applications. Despite significant achievements, the clinical translation of nanocarriers is limited, primarily due to the low efficiency of drug delivery and an incomplete understanding of nanocarrier interactions with biological systems. Addressing these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaboration and a deep understanding of the nano‐bio interface. To enhance nanocarrier design, scientists employ both physics‐based and data‐driven models. Physics‐based models provide detailed insights into chemical reactions and interactions at atomic and molecular scales, while data‐driven models leverage machine learning to analyze large datasets and uncover hidden mechanisms. The integration of these models presents challenges such as harmonizing different modeling approaches and ensuring model validation and generalization across biological systems. However, this integration is crucial for developing effective and targeted nanocarrier systems. By integrating these approaches with enhanced data infrastructure, explainable AI, computational advances, and machine learning potentials, researchers can develop innovative nanomedicine solutions, ultimately improving therapeutic outcomes.
Multimaterial Digital‐Light Processing of Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) Composites: A Versatile Tool for the Rapid Microfabrication of MOF‐Based Devices
Authors: Carbonell Carlos , Linares‐Moreau Mercedes , Borisov Sergey M. , Falcaro Paolo
Published: September 2024

Patterning Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) is essential for their use in sensing, electronics, photonics, and encryption technologies. However, current lithography methods are limited in their ability to pattern more than two MOFs, hindering the potential for creating advanced multifunctional surfaces. Additionally, balancing design flexibility, simplicity, and cost often results in compromises. This study addresses these challenges by combining Digital‐Light Processing (DLP) with a capillary‐assisted stop‐flow system to enable multimaterial MOF patterning. It demonstrates the desktop fabrication of multiplexed arbitrary micropatterns across cm‐scale areas while preserving the MOF's pore accessibility. The ink, consisting of a MOF crystal suspension in a low volatile solvent, a mixture of high molecular weight oligomers, and a photoinitiator, is confined by capillarity in the DLP projection area and quickly exchanged using syringe pumps. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by the direct printing of a ZIF‐8‐based luminescent oxygen sensor, a 5‐component dynamic information concealment method, and a PCN‐224‐based colorimetric sensor for amines, covering disparate pore and analyte sizes. The multi‐MOF capabilities, simplicity, and accessibility of this strategy pave the way for the facile exploration of MOF materials across a wide range of applications, with the potential to significantly accelerate the design‐to‐application cycle of MOF‐based devices.
d‐Orbital Induced Electronic Structure Reconfiguration toward Manipulating Electron Transfer Pathways of Metallo‐Porphyrin for Enhanced AlCl2+ Storage
Authors: Jiao Shuqiang , Han Xue , Bu Xudong , Huang Zheng , Li Shijie , Wang Wei , Wang Mingyong , Liu Yunpeng , Song Wei‐Li
Published: September 2024

The positive electrodes of non‐aqueous aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) frequently encounter significant issues, for instance, low capacity in graphite (mechanism: anion de/intercalation and large electrode deformation induced) and poor stability in inorganic positive electrodes (mechanism: multi‐electron redox reaction and dissolution of active materials induced). Here, metallo‐porphyrin compounds (employed Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ as the ion centers) are introduced to effectively enhance both the cycling stability and reversible capacity due to the formation of stable conjugated metal‐organic coordination and presence of axially coordinated active sites, respectively. With the regulation of electronic energy levels, the d‐orbitals in the redox reactions and electron transfer pathways can be rearranged. The 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphine nickle(II) (NiTPP) presents the highest specific capacity (177.1 mAh g−1), with an increment of 32.1% and 77.1% in comparison with the capacities of H2TPP and graphite, respectively, which offers a new route for developing high‐capacity positive electrodes for stable AIBs.
Controllable Contact‐Destructive Hydrogel Actuators
Authors: Ding Xiaoya , Li Wenzhao , Shang Luoran , Zhao Yuanjin , Sun Weijian
Published: September 2024

Constructing hydrogels with spatially heterogeneous structures are crucial for unlocking novel applications. To this end, selectively removing a specific portion of hydrogels by facile and intricate destructive strategies is worth exploring. Herein, a “contact‐destructive” hydrogel actuator is presented, composed of a dynamic hydrogel network doped with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG). The destructive behavior of the hydrogel actuator is attributed to the surface tension‐induced spreading effect and the enhanced water absorption due to the additive PEG. Parameters that act on these mechanisms are used to control the destruction of the hydrogel. During the destructive process, the hydrogel actuator exhibits locomotion routes predetermined by the graphic pattern with the aid of 3D printing. Additionally, such self‐destructive behavior can be terminated by UV light irradiation when PEG is replaced with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Significantly, diverse applications including controllable 3D structures collapse, self‐erasing, and on‐demand cell release, are realized with such self‐destructive hydrogel. These results demonstrate that the present hydrogel has great values in soft robotics, anti‐counterfeiting, controlled drug delivery, and other related fields.
Stimuli‐Responsive Nanocarriers as Active Enhancers of Antitumoral Immunotherapy
Authors: Parra‐Nieto Jorge , de Carcer Iñigo Aguirre , García del Cid María Amor , Jimenez‐Falcao Sandra , Gónzalez‐Larre Javier , Baeza Alejandro
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the understanding of the role of the immune system in tumor progression and metastasis is paving the way for the development of antitumoral strategies based on the delivery of immunotherapeutic agents. The engineering of stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers able to release their payload in a controlled manner being able to boost potent and sustained immune responses against tumors has provided a powerful tool to eradicate tumors with extreme precision. Paramount advantages to trigger the immune system against tumors are the high selectivity and memory effect of immune response, which allows not only to eradicate primary and metastatic malignancies but also to avoid their relapse. In this review, the recent advances carried out in the development of smart nanocarriers for immunotherapy are presented.
Heterogeneous E‐Textiles: Materials, Manufacturing and Sustainability
Authors: Beeby Stephen P. , Torah Russel N. , Wagih Mahmoud , Isaia Beckie , Black Sandy , Saunders Jessica , Yang Kai
Published: September 2024

Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) combine electronic functions (e.g., sensing, actuating, data processing) with textiles. E‐textiles are a platform technology with the potential for ubiquitous deployment in any application scenario where textiles can be found. E‐textiles have attracted significant research interests from materials and manufacturing process development to applications such as sports/fitness, healthcare, and workwear. While significant advances have been made in the research domain regarding the integration of electronic functionality, the technology is relatively immature and significant challenges remain in the manufacturing of commercialized e‐textile systems. This paper reviews the state of the art in e‐textile manufacturing including materials (e.g., yarns, inks), fabrication (e.g., weaving, knitting, printing), electronic integration and interconnections. This paper also reviews the key principles of textile sustainability and electronic waste (e‐wastemanagement, which provide useful guidance on e‐textile design and manufacturing to minimize their impact on the environment. Examples are given to demonstrate the early work toward sustainable e‐textiles. The remaining research challenges regarding scalable and sustainable manufacturing of e‐textiles are presented.
Advancing Programmable Information Encryption Circuits Through Colorful Phosphorescent Carbon Nanodots with Versatile Lifetimes
Authors: Jiang Li‐Ying , Zhang Si‐Fan , Liang Ya‐Chuan , Zhou Yu‐Chen , Shao Hao‐Chun , Wang Hai‐Yan , Liu Kai‐Kai , Shan Chong‐Xin
Published: September 2024

Optical encryption technology attracts considerable attention in the field of information encryption, information storage, and anti‐counterfeiting. However, optical encryption based on conventional on/off mode still faces issues such as low scalability, ease of cracking, and poor storage capacity; multi‐dimensional and high storage capacity information encryption systems are thus needed. Herein, a programmable information encryption circuit system is demonstrated by constructing a delay light‐emitting diode (LED) array using multi‐color phosphorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) with versatile lifetimes. The CNDs show adjustable luminescence wavelength and lifetime from 192 to 1148 ms. The programmable delay luminescent circuit provides an intricate framework for meticulously integrating an LED array, enabling the creation of intricate patterns or alphanumeric codes. These intricate designs are engineered to serve as a component of an encryption system, which can be deciphered and unveiled under a specific delay time range. This study demonstrates the feasibility and superiority of the system as a new type of information anti‐counterfeiting encryption technology, providing a new concept for exploring the field of integrated circuit anti‐counterfeiting and encryption.
Dynamic Brain Lipid Profiles Modulate Microglial Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Inflammation Under Ischemic Conditions in Mice
Authors: Wei Wei , Lattau Seyed Siyawasch Justus , Xin Wenqiang , Pan Yongli , Tatenhorst Lars , Zhang Lin , Graf Irina , Kuang Yaoyun , Zheng Xuan , Hao Zhongnan , Popa‐Wagner Aurel , Gerner Stefan T. , Huber Sabine , Nietert Manuel , Klose Christian , Kilic Ertugrul , Hermann Dirk M. , Bähr Mathias , Huttner Hagen B. , Liu Hua , Fitzner Dirk , Doeppner Thorsten R.
Published: September 2024

Microglia are critically involved in post‐stroke inflammation affecting neurological outcomes. Lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in microglia results in a dysfunctional and pro‐inflammatory state in the aged brain and worsens the outcome of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of LD‐rich microglia (LDRM) under stroke conditions is unknown. Using in vitro and in vivo stroke models, herein accumulation patterns of microglial LD and their corresponding microglial inflammatory signaling cascades are studied. Interactions between temporal and spatial dynamics of lipid profiles and microglial phenotypes in different post‐stroke brain regions are found. Hence, microglia display enhanced levels of LD accumulation and elevated perilipin 2 (PLIN2) expression patterns when exposed to hypoxia or stroke. Such LDRM exhibit high levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β as well as a pro‐inflammatory phenotype and differentially expressed lipid metabolism‐related genes. These post‐ischemic alterations result in distinct lipid profiles with spatial and temporal dynamics, especially with regard to cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol levels, further exacerbating post‐ischemic inflammation. The present study sheds new light on the dynamic changes of brain lipid profiles and aggregation patterns of LD in microglia exposed to ischemia, demonstrating a mutual mechanism between microglial phenotype and function, which contributes to progression of brain injury.
Amino‐Arsine and Amino‐Phosphine Based Synthesis of InAs@InP@ZnSe core@shell@shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Liu Zheming , Llusar Jordi , Karakkal Hiba H. , Zhu Dongxu , Ivanov Yurii P. , Prato Mirko , Divitini Giorgio , Brovelli Sergio , Infante Ivan , De Trizio Luca , Manna Liberato
Published: September 2024

A colloidal synthesis protocol is demonstrated for InAs@InP core@shell quantum dots (QDs) with a tunable InP shell thickness (ranging from 3 to 8 monolayers), utilizing tris(diethylamino)‐arsine and ‐phosphine. Structural analysis reveals that the InP shell preferentially grows onto the tetrahedral InAs cores along the <‐1‐1‐1> directions, forming tetrapodal‐shaped InAs@InP QDs. Growth of the InP shell causes a red shift in the absorption spectrum of the QDs. This is explained by considering that electrons are delocalized throughout the whole core@shell QDs, while holes preferentially leak along the <‐1‐1‐1> directions, as indicated by the density functional theory calculations. This means such heterostructures cannot be described as type‐I or quasi type‐II, contrary to earlier assumptions. The overlap of carrier wavefunctions throughout the entire InAs@InP QD structure results in no significant reduction of the Auger recombination rate, which remains as fast as in InAs QDs. However, the InP shell enhances photoluminescence (PL) efficiency (up to ≈13%) by passivating surface trap states of the InAs QDs (mainly located close to the top of the valence band). The overgrowth of a ZnSe shell endows the QDs with a high PL efficiency (≈55%) and good stability upon air exposure (≈80% PL intensity retention after 14 days).
Assessment of data‐driven modeling approaches for chromatographic separation processes
Authors: Michalopoulou Foteini , Papathanasiou Maria M.
Published: September 2024

Chromatographic separation processes are described by nonlinear partial differential and algebraic equations, which may result in high computational cost, hindering further online applications. To decrease the computational burden, different data‐driven modeling approaches can be implemented. In this work, we investigate different strategies of data‐driven modeling for chromatographic processes, using artificial neural networks to predict pseudo‐dynamic elution profiles, without the use of explicit temporal information. We assess the performance of the surrogates trained on different dataset sizes, achieving good predictions with a minimum of 3400 data points. Different activation functions are used and evaluated against the original high‐fidelity model, using accuracy, interpolation, and simulation time as performance metrics. Based on these metrics, the best performing data‐driven models are implemented in a process optimization framework. The results indicate that data‐driven models can capture the nonlinear profile of the process and that can be considered as reliable surrogates used to aid process development.
Measurement Dependence can Affect Security in a Quantum Network
Authors: Kundu Amit , Sarkar Debasis
Published: September 2024

Network Nonlocality is an advanced study of quantum nonlocality that comprises network structure beyond Bell's theorem. The development of quantum networks has the potential to bring a lot of technological applications in several quantum information processing tasks. Here, the focus is on how the role of the independence of the measurement choices by the end parties in a network works and can be used to affect the security in a quantum network. In both three‐parties two‐sources bilocal network and four‐parties three‐sources star network scenarios, this study is able to show, a practical way to understand the relaxation of the assumptions to enhance a real security protocol if someone wants to breach in a network communication. Theoretically, it have been proved that by relaxing the independence of the measurement choices of only one end party, a Standard Network Nonlocality (SNN) and more stronger Full Network Nonlocality (FNN) can be created and the maximum quantum violation by the classical no‐signalling local model can be obtained. The distinguish between two types of network nonlocality, SNN and FNN, can also be made. It has been shown that FNN is a stronger correlation than SNN in the sense that the former comes in a scenario where all the sources must be nonlocal in nature.
Amorphous silica nanoparticles exhibit antitumor activity in triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Ibarra Agustina , Ferronato María Julia , Clemente Valentina , Barrientos Anabel , Alonso Eliana Noelia , Fermento María Eugenia , Coló Georgina Pamela , Facchinetti María Marta , Curino Alejandro Carlos , Agotegaray Mariela
Published: September 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is mainly treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, this treatment is not always effective, and an important percentage of patients develop recurrence. Nanomaterials are emerging as alternative treatment options for various diseases, including cancer. This work reports the synthesis, characterization, antitumor activity evaluation, and sub‐acute toxicity studies of two formulations based on amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). They are functionalized with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxisilane (Si@NH2) and folic acid (FA; Si@FA). The results show that SiNPs reduce the viability and migration of TNBC MDA‐MB‐231 and 4T1 cell lines and Si@FA do not affect the growth of the mammary nonmalignant HC11 cells. In addition, Si@FA induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and displays antiproliferative and subsequently proapoptotic effects in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Moreover, none of the SiNPs cause signs of sub‐acute toxicity in mice when administered at 30 mg/kg over a month. In conclusion, these nanosystems display intrinsic antitumor activity without causing toxic in vivo effects, being a promising therapeutic alternative for TNBC.
Using Rigidity and Conjugation of Subunits to Modulate Supramolecular Topologies Constructed by Half‐Sandwich Fragments
Authors: Liu Liang‐Chen , Liao Yu‐Luan , Ma Hui‐Rong , Shi Hua‐Tian , Yu Wei‐Bin
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of supramolecular compounds with a high degree of controllability and the targeted modulation of their topological transitions pose significant challenges in situ. In this study, we have successfully constructed an array of discrete structures based on a series of bidentate pyridyl ligands (L1, L2, and L3), which were subsequently ligated with half‐sandwiched (Cp*Ir fragments) building blocks. Our further investigations elucidate a strategy for coordinating the relative lengths of the bidentate ligands with the building blocks, achieving specific concentrations that drive the transformation of tetranuclear metal macrocycles into Borromean rings. Notably, the distinct characteristics of the three pyridyl ligands markedly influence the efficiency of synthesis and the topological conversion of the supramolecular macrocycles. Detailed structural analyses reveal that π‐π stacking interactions, the electron‐donating capabilities of the ligands, and hydrogen‐bonding interactions are pivotal in stabilizing these molecular macrocycles and in facilitating their transformation to Borromean rings. The analyses underscore the importance of the electron‐rich effect induced by the sulfur atoms in the ligands and the regulation and modulation of the pyridine functional group in contributing to the structural stability and altered characteristics of the macrocycles.
Early therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate and its association with acute kidney injury: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tentoni Nicolás , Hwang Miriam , Villanueva Gabriela , Combs Ryan , Lowe Jennifer , Ramsey Laura B. , Taylor Zachary L. , Carrillo Thais Murciano , Aumente María Dolores , López‐Viñau López Teresa , Rizzari Carmelo , Howard Scott C.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

High‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) use can be limited by the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Early AKI detection is paramount to prevent further renal injury and irreversible toxicities. This study sought to determine whether early elimination patterns of MTX would be useful as a biomarker of AKI in HDMTX treatment.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included two sites that collected ≥2 MTX levels within 16 h from completion of MTX infusion. Early levels were tagged and MTX elimination half‐life (t½) were calculated from combinations of two of three different early time periods. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were synthesized for each elimination t½ (biomarker) with respect to AKI and delayed methotrexate elimination (DME); the biomarker with the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) was tested in a multiple variable logistic regression model.

Results

Data from 169 patients who received a total of 556 courses of HDMTX were analyzed. ROC analysis revealed MTX elimination t½ calculated from the second and third time periods had the highest AUC for AKI at 0.62 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.56–0.69) and DME at 0.86 (IQR 0.73–1.00). After adjusting for age, sex, dose (mg/m2), infusion duration, HDMTX course, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, it remained significant for AKI with an OR of 1.29 and 95% confidence interval of 1.03–1.65.

Conclusion

Early MTX elimination t½ measured within 16 h of infusion completion was significantly associated with the development of AKI and serves as an early clearance biomarker that may identify patients who benefit from increased hydration, augmented leucovorin rescue, and glucarpidase administration.
Effective leaders seek truth, rebound from adversity
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: September 2024

CHARLOTTE, N.C. — Playing on the University of North Carolina's 1982 National Championship team with NBA stars Michael Jordan and James Worthy, Matt Doherty was off to a great start and had a very promising future.
Lysosomes accumulate at the perinuclear region of muscle cells during chick myogenesis
Authors: Bagri Kayo Moreira , Pereira Miria Gomes , Leichtweis Kamila Souto , Abreu Jose G. , Costa Manoel Luis , Mermelstein Claudia
Published: September 2024

Lysosomes are involved in a myriad of cellular functions, such as degradation of macromolecules, endocytosis and exocytosis, modulation of several signaling pathways, and regulation of cell metabolism. To fulfill these diverse functions, lysosomes can undergo several dynamic changes in their content, size, pH, and location within cells. Here, we studied some of these parameters during embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells. We used an anti‐lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) antibody to specifically determine the intracellular localization of lysosomes in these cells. Our data shows that lysosomes are highly enriched in the perinuclear region of chick embryonic muscle cells. We also showed that the wingless signaling pathway (Wnt)/β‐catenin signaling pathway can modulate the location of LAMP2 in chick myogenic cells. Our results highlight the role of lysosomes during muscle differentiation and particularly the presence of a subcellular population of lysosomes that are concentrated in the perinuclear region of muscle cells.
Case report of tumoral calcinosis in a peritoneal dialysis patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Jayanatha Kalpa , Idrus Irfan , Sapsford Mark , Tutone Viliami , Lam Michael
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a rare condition characterized by dystrophic calcinosis. TC in end stage kidney disease is associated with severe hyperparathyroidism. It is radiologically characterized by multilobulated cystic calcifications in periarticular regions without erosive arthropathy or osseus destruction. Secondary TC may necessitate medical or surgical parathyroidectomy for symptom control.
Electrochemical Carboarylation of Activated Alkenes with CO2 and Electron‐deficient Aryl Bromides
Authors: Yang Zhaoliang , Liu Chunlei , Zhong Cheng , Zhang Jianye , Liu Shengzhang , Yu mingming , Li yangyang , Yi Hong , Lei Aiwen
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The simultaneous construction of two vicinal C—C bonds in a molecule remains a significant challenge. In this work, we disclose an electroreductive carboarylation of activated alkenes under mild, transition metal‐free conditions. Utilizing readily available starting materials (electron‐deficient aryl bromides, activated alkenes, and CO2), this method demonstrates broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Notably, this strategy enables the addition of two distinct electrophiles across an alkene in a highly chemo‐ and regioselective manner.
The early–middle Cambrian siliciclastic tide‐dominated succession in eastern Korea
Authors: Oh Min‐Kyu , Choi Taejin , Lee Jeong‐Hyun
Published: September 2024

The basal Taebaek Group (Myeonsan and Myobong formations) illustrates second‐order transgression on the eastern Sino‐Korean Block during the early–middle Cambrian (Stage 3?–Wuliuan). The irregular palaeotopography of Precambrian basement led to the development of localised alluvial fans and fan deltas. As transgression continued, tidally influenced estuarine and associated shallow subtidal flats developed. Continued transgression resulted in a relatively deep subtidal environment, with postulated carbonate shoals serving as barriers. Stacking of facies indicates a general deepening‐upward trend, transitioning from terrestrial–nearshore to marine environments dominated by tidal effects. The study area subsequently experienced shallowing, leading to the emergence of tidal inlet and dune environments. Siliciclastic input was attenuated, facilitating the development of carbonate shoal complexes. The overall transgressive succession of the basal Taebaek Group aligns with similar sequences observed in the Sino‐Korean Block and western Laurentia, where the lowermost Cambrian strata which formed in various depositional environments on the uneven basement rocks were followed by extensive tide‐dominated siliciclastic successions. These successions were then overlain by epeiric carbonate platforms that developed synchronously across the area as siliciclastic input diminished with the continued transgression. This comparison demonstrates that the transgressive sequences in the Sino‐Korean Block and western Laurentia can be understood within a framework that explains how extensive Cambrian carbonate platforms initially developed due to a second‐order eustatic sea‐level rise during the Cambrian greenhouse period.
The crucial evaluation indexes and relative measurement methods of edible value for fresh fruits and vegetables: A review
Authors: Zhang Yiqin , Wang Hongxuan , Chen Hangjun , Liu Ruiling , Chen Huizhi , Fang Xiangjun , Xiao Jianbo , Wu Weijie , Gao Haiyan
Published: September 2024

Fresh fruits and vegetables (F&V), with their attractive sensory, flavors, and nutrients, occupy a highly valuable part of people's daily diet. Plenty of postharvest studies have focused on the effects of preservation techniques on the edible quality and nutrients of F&V. Therefore, it is crucial to summarize the research methods of those quality and nutritional indicators for F&V. This work reviews the measurement and analysis methods on these parameters of postharvest F&V which have been validated by numerous publications, including firmness, sugars/acids, pigments, phenols, etc. Importantly, some instruments are involved in these experimental methods, such as firmness tester, spectrophotometer, gas chromatograph, and so on. Furthermore, some promising analysis methods in the past decades combined with advanced technologies are also raised in our discussion. This work is expected to provide guidance and normative significance for future research on quality assessment, preservation, and processing characteristics of F&V.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts‐derived exosomal ZNF250 promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune escape of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by transcriptionally activating PD‐L1
Authors: Feng Huizhi , Liu Jingmei , Jia Haixia , Bu Xiaoqian , Yang Wenhui , Su Peng
Published: September 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal form of liver cancer, and the tumor microenvironment, particularly cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays a critical role in its progression. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which CAF‐derived exosomes regulate the development of HCC.

The study employed quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction for mRNA expression analysis and western blot analysis for protein expression detection. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were performed to investigate the relationship between zinc finger protein 250 (ZNF250) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis were used to characterize the isolated exosomes. The transferability of CAF‐derived exosomes and normal fibroblasts (NFs)‐derived exosomes into HCC cells was analyzed using a green fluorescent labeling dye PKH67. Cell proliferation was assessed via a 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay, while Transwell assays were conducted to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry was performed to measure cell apoptosis, while enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α and perforin. Finally, a xenograft mouse model was constructed to examine the effects of exosomes derived from ZNF250‐deficient CAFs on the tumor properties of HCC cells.

The study revealed increased expression of ZNF250 in HCC tissues and cells, with ZNF250 transcriptionally activating PD‐L1 in HCC cells. ZNF250 expression was associated with HbsAg, clinical stage and tumor size of HCC patients. CAF‐derived exosomal ZNF250 can regulate PD‐L1 expression in HCC cells. Furthermore, exosomes derived from ZNF250‐deficient CAFs inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune escape of HCC cells by downregulating PD‐L1 expression. Moreover, CAF‐derived exosomal ZNF250 promoted tumor formation in vivo.

These findings provide insights into the role of CAF‐derived exosomes in the suppression of HCC development, highlighting the significance of ZNF250 and PD‐L1 regulation in tumor progression.
Remodeling of Uterine Tissues During Gestation of Potamotrygon wallacei (Elasmobranchii), a Neotropical Freshwater Stingray Endemic to the Negro River, Central Amazonia
Authors: Siqueira‐Souza Michelly , Amazonas Maria Glauciney , Yamamoto Kedma Cristine , Duncan Wallice Paxiúba
Published: September 2024

Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the subfamily Potamotrygoninae exhibit aplacental viviparity with uterine trophonemata. In this reproductive mode, females nourish and provide oxygenation to the embryo via the mucosa of the uterine wall. The aim of this study was to describe and histologically quantify the tissue components of the gravid uterus in an Amazonian freshwater stingray. Adult females of Potamotrygon wallacei were studied in different reproductive periods: resting stage, pregnant, and postpartum. During reproductive rest, the left ovary has numerous follicles compared to the right side. Therefore, uterine fertility is usually higher on the left side. The presence of an embryo in the right uterus suggests that the right ovary is also functional, although this only occurs in larger females. In females at reproductive rest, the wall of the uterus is formed by a mucosal layer (without the trophonemata) that contributes 16.7% to the thickness, while the myometrium accounts for 83.3% of the thickness. The mass‐specific volume of the mucosal layer, inner circular, and outer longitudinal smooth muscle sheets tend to increase in the gravid uterus, indicating hypertrophy and hyperplasia of these components. During pregnancy, the trophonemata undergo marked tissue remodeling. Epithelial cells are organized into glandular acini and have apical secretory vesicles; furthermore, peripheral blood vessels proliferate and become dilated. These characteristics demonstrate that the gravid uterus of P. wallacei presents intense uterolactation activity and provides oxygenation to the fetus. Tissue remodeling occurs only in the uterus with the presence of an embryo. During postpartum, females have low body condition factor indicating a high reproductive cost. This study contributes to the knowledge of the reproductive biology of this species and will help us understand the impacts of climate change on the breeding areas of potamotrygonids.
Regulatory mechanism of methyl jasmonate and methyl dihydrojasmonate in enhancing aroma in ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ via the lipoxygenase pathway
Authors: Li Wei , Ye Nan , Xie Peng , Zhang Zhen
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The present study explored the effects of pre‐harvest methyl jasmonates spraying on the volatiles of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapes through the lipoxygenase pathway. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were utilized to analyze volatile metabolites and key enzyme activities following methyl jasmonates application. Total RNA extraction and cDNA library construction were followed by transcriptome sequencing.

RESULTS

The application of 0.1 mmol L−1 methyl jasmonate and 5 mmol L−1 methyl dihydrojasmonate significantly increased the levels of C6 compounds in ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ berries, and also enhanced the utilization of unsaturated fatty acids as precursors in the lipoxygenase‐hydroperoxides lyase pathway. The up‐regulated expression of VvADH1, VvADH2, VvHPL and VvLOX2S genes led to modulations in enzyme activity, thereby enhancing the berries's aromatic profile. There was a significant correlation between linoleic and linolenic acids (i.e. the precursors of the lipoxygenase pathway) and the activities and metabolites of key enzymes.

CONCLUSION

The optimal concentration of methyl jasmonates treatment favorably influences the accumulation of green leaf volatiles in ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grape. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.