bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urinary bisphenol A concentrations in girls from rural and urban Egypt: a pilot study
Authors: Nahar Muna S , Soliman Amr S , Colacino Justin A , Calafat Antonia M , Battige Kristen , Hablas Ahmed , Seifeldin Ibrahim A , Dolinoy Dana C , Rozek Laura S
Published: September 2012

Background

Exposure to endocrine active compounds, including bisphenol A (BPA), remains poorly characterized in developing countries despite the fact that behavioral practices related to westernization have the potential to influence exposure. BPA is a high production volume chemical that has been associated with metabolic dysfunction as well as behavioral and developmental effects in people, including children. In this pilot study, we evaluate BPA exposure and assess likely pathways of exposure among girls from urban and rural Egypt.

Methods

We measured urinary concentrations of total (free plus conjugated) species of BPA in spot samples in urban (N = 30) and rural (N = 30) Egyptian girls, and compared these concentrations to preexisting data from age-matched American girls (N = 47) from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We also collected anthropometric and questionnaire data regarding food storage behaviors to assess potential routes of exposure.

Results

Urban and rural Egyptian girls exhibited similar concentrations of urinary total BPA, with median unadjusted values of 1.00 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. Concentrations of urinary BPA in this group of Egyptian girls (median unadjusted: 0.70 ng/mL) were significantly lower compared to age-matched American girls (median unadjusted: 2.60 ng/mL) according to NHANES 2009-2010 data. Reported storage of food in plastic containers was a significant predictor of increasing concentrations of urinary BPA.

Conclusions

Despite the relatively low urinary BPA concentrations within this Egyptian cohort, the significant association between food storage behaviors and increasing urinary BPA concentration highlights the need to understand food and consumer product patterns that may be closing the gap between urban and rural lifestyles.
EGFR/Src/Akt signaling modulates Sox2 expression and self-renewal of stem-like side-population cells in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Trevino Jose , Bora-Singhal Namrata , Coppola Domenico , Haura Eric , Altiok Soner , Chellappan Srikumar P
Published: September 2012

Background

Cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for the initiation and progression of cancers. In non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), Hoechst 33342 dye effluxing side population (SP) cells are shown to have stem cell like properties. The oncogenic capacity of cancer stem-like cells is in part due to their ability to self-renew; however the mechanistic correlation between oncogenic pathways and self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells has remained elusive. Here we characterized the SP cells at the molecular level and evaluated its ability to generate tumors at the orthotopic site in the lung microenvironment. Further, we investigated if the self-renewal of SP cells is dependent on EGFR mediated signaling.

Results

SP cells were detected and isolated from multiple NSCLC cell lines (H1650, H1975, A549), as well as primary human tumor explants grown in nude mice. SP cells demonstrated stem-like properties including ability to self-renew and grow as spheres; they were able to generate primary and metastatic tumors upon orthotopic implantation into the lung of SCID mice. In vitro study revealed elevated expression of stem cell associated markers like Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as well as demonstrated intrinsic epithelial to mesenchymal transition features in SP cells. Further, we show that abrogation of EGFR, Src and Akt signaling through pharmacological or genetic inhibitors suppresses the self-renewal growth and expansion of SP-cells and resulted in specific downregulation of Sox2 protein expression. siRNA mediated depletion of Sox2 significantly blocked the SP phenotype as well as its self-renewal capacity; whereas other transcription factors like Oct4 and Nanog played a relatively lesser role in regulating self-renewal. Interestingly, Sox2 was elevated in metastatic foci of human NSCLC samples.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that Sox2 is a novel target of EGFR-Src-Akt signaling in NSCLCs that modulates self-renewal and expansion of stem-like cells from NSCLC. Therefore, the outcome of the EGFR-Src-Akt targeted therapy may rely upon the expression and function of Sox2 within the NSCLC-CSCs.
An analysis of Hall mobility in as-grown and annealed n- and p-type modulation-doped GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells
Authors: Sarcan Fahrettin , Donmez Omer , Gunes Mustafa , Erol Ayse , Arikan Mehmet Cetin , Puustinen Janne , Guina Mircea
Published: September 2012

In this study, we investigate the effect of annealing and nitrogen amount on electronic transport properties in n- and p-type-doped Ga0.68In0.32N
y
As1 − y
/GaAs quantum well (QW) structures with y = 0%, 0.9%, 1.2%, 1.7%. The samples are thermal annealed at 700°C for 60 and 600 s, and Hall effect measurements have been performed between 10 and 300 K. Drastic decrease is observed in the electron mobility of n-type N-containing samples due to the possible N-induced scattering mechanisms and increasing effect mass of the alloy. The temperature dependence of electron mobility has an almost temperature insensitive characteristic, whereas for p-type samples hole mobility is decreased drastically at T > 120 K. As N concentration is increased, the hole mobility also increased as a reason of decreasing lattice mismatch. Screening effect of N-related alloy scattering over phonon scattering in n-type samples may be the reason of the temperature-insensitive electron mobility. At low temperature regime, hole mobility is higher than electron mobility by a factor of 3 to 4. However, at high temperatures (T > 120 K), the mobility of p-type samples is restricted by the scattering of the optical phonons. Because the valance band discontinuity is smaller compared to the conduction band, thermionic transport of holes from QW to the barrier material, GaAs, also contributes to the mobility at high temperatures that results in a decrease in mobility. The hole mobility results of as-grown samples do not show a systematic behavior, while annealed samples do, depending on N concentration. Thermal annealing does not show a significant improvement of electron mobility.
A concatenation scheme of LDPC codes and source codes for flash memories
Authors: Huang Qin , Pan Song , Zhang Mu , Wang Zulin
Published: September 2012

Recently, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been applied in flash memories to correct errors. However, as verified in this article, their performance degrades rapidly as the number of stuck cells increases. Thus, this paper presents a concatenation reliability scheme of LDPC codes and source codes, which aims to improve the performance of LDPC codes for flash memories with stuck cells. In this scheme, the locations of stuck cells is recorded by source codes in the write process such that erasures rather than wrong log-likelihood ratios on these cells are given in the read process. Then, LDPC codes correct these erasures and soft errors caused by cell-to-cell interferences. The analyses of channel capacity and compression rates of source codes with side information show that the memory cost of the proposed scheme is moderately low. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional scheme with only LDPC codes.
Interprosthetic humeral fracture revision using a tibial allograft total elbow prosthetic composite in a patient with hemophilia A : a case report
Authors: LeBlanc Justin , Puloski Shannon , Hildebrand Kevin
Published: September 2012

Introduction

Interprosthetic fractures of the humerus are rare. Revisions of total elbow arthroplasty components in these cases are difficult. We report the first case of a patient with hemophilia who underwent a revision with a tibial allograft prosthetic composite without the need for hardware augmentation.

Case presentation

A 43-year-old Caucasian man with a history of hemophilia and transfusion-related human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C presented with an interprosthetic fracture of his humerus after months of pain between his total elbow and total shoulder arthroplasties. Because of the poor remaining bone stock available in his distal humerus, a revision using a barrel-staved tibial allograft prosthetic composite was performed. Our patients’ factor VIII level was optimized before the operation and he suffered no major long-term complications at 28 months. His only complication was an incomplete radial nerve palsy that ultimately recovered and left him with some numbness on the dorsum of his hand.

Conclusion

Careful use of an allograft prosthetic composite is a very reasonable option when a patient experiences an interprosthetic fracture. We have successfully performed revision total elbow arthroplasty for a patient with hemophilia with an interprosthetic fracture using a tibial allograft and no additional fixation, which resulted in his return to full activities of daily living, minimal pain and full incorporation of the allograft to host bone.
Reduced numbers of dendritic cells with a tolerogenic phenotype in the prediabetic pancreas of NOD mice
Authors: Welzen-Coppens Jojanneke M C , van Helden-Meeuwsen Cornelia G , Leenen Pieter J M , Drexhage Hemmo A , Versnel Marjan A
Published: September 2012

Local abnormalities in CD8κ+ DCs in the pre-diabetic NOD pancreas suggest that these DCs contribute to loss of tolerance, hallmarking the development of autoimmune diabetes.

The NOD mouse is a widely used animal model of autoimmune diabetes. Prior to the onset of lymphocytic insulitis, DCs accumulate at the islet edges. Our recent work indicated that these DCs may derive from aberrantly proliferating local precursor cells. As CD8α+ DCs play a role in tolerance induction in steady-state conditions, we hypothesized that the autoimmune phenotype might associate with deficiencies in CD8α+ DCs in the prediabetic NOD mouse pancreas. We studied CD8α+ DCs in the pancreas and pLNs of NOD and control mice, focusing on molecules associated with tolerance induction (CD103, Langerin, CLEC9A, CCR5). mRNA expression levels of tolerance-modulating cytokines were studied in pancreatic CD8α+ DCs of NOD and control mice. In the NOD pancreas, the frequency of CD8α+CD103+Langerin+ cells was reduced significantly compared with control mice. NOD pancreatic CD8α+CD103+Langerin+ DCs expressed reduced levels of CCR5, CLEC9A, and IL-10 as compared with control DCs. These alterations in the CD8α+CD103+Langerin+ DC population were not present in pLNs. We demonstrate local abnormalities in the CD8α+ DC population in the prediabetic NOD pancreas. These data suggest that abnormal differentiation of pancreatic DCs contributes to loss of tolerance, hallmarking the development of autoimmune diabetes.
Pressure-dependent seismic velocities based on effective compliance theory and an asperity deformation model
Authors: Gao Kai , Gibson Richard L.
Published: September 2012

Seismic velocities of rocks depend strongly on confining pressure, which is often explained by the fracture compliances changes within the rocks. It is important to have an accurate model describing the relations between confining pressure and seismic velocities for applications such as time-lapse reservoir characterization. We propose a new model to address this problem by combining the existing effective compliance theory with new solutions for the pressure dependence of fracture compliances. Specifically, we assume the fracture contact surface can be represented by a set of elastic hemispheres with radii following power-law distribution, and the pressure dependence of seismic velocities can be expressed through pressure-dependent normal and tangential fracture compliances that are derived from Hertzian contact theory. Joint data fittings of P- and S-wave velocity laboratory data show that our model is accurate. We also implement fluid substitution using our model to explain the similar stress-induced velocity variations of fluid-saturated fractured rocks.
Induction of IGFBP-1 Expression by cAMP Is Associated with Histone Acetylation Status of the Promoter Region in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells
Authors: Tamura Isao , Asada Hiromi , Maekawa Ryo , Tanabe Manabu , Lee Lifa , Taketani Toshiaki , Yamagata Yoshiaki , Tamura Hiroshi , Sugino Norihiro
Published: September 2012

Many genes are up- or down-regulated in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) undergoing decidualization. IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and prolactin (PRL) are preferentially expressed during decidualization and are recognized as specific markers of decidualization. This study investigated the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of IGFBP-1 and PRL induction by decidualization in ESCs. ESCs isolated from the proliferative phase endometrium were incubated with cAMP to induce decidualization. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were used as a nonendometrial control. cAMP induced the expressions of both genes in ESCs but induced the expression of only PRL in HDFs. Histone acetylation levels of the IGFBP-1 promoter region evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were higher in ESCs than in HDFs. The IGFBP-1 promoter regions in the two cell types showed similar levels of DNA hypomethylation. The histone acetylation levels and DNA methylation status of the PRL promoter and enhancer regions were similar in the two cell types. cAMP had no significant effects on the histone acetylation levels and DNA methylation status of the IGFBP-1 promoter and the PRL promoter and enhancer regions in ESCs. Cotreatment of HDF with cAMP and histone deacetylase inhibitors induced IGFBP-1 expression, which was accompanied by an increased histone acetylation level and recruitment of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β to the promoter region. These results show that, during decidualization in ESCs, high histone acetylation status of the promoter regions of IGFBP-1 and PRL is associated with the induction of the IGFBP-1 and PRL genes by making the promoter regions accessible to transcriptional factors.
Kiss of the Mutant Mouse: How Genetically Altered Mice Advanced Our Understanding of Kisspeptin's Role in Reproductive Physiology
Authors: Dungan Lemko Heather M. , Elias Carol F.
Published: September 2012

The kisspeptin system has emerged as one of the most important circuits within the central network governing reproduction. Although kisspeptin physiology has been examined in many species, much of our understanding of this system has come from mice. Recently, the study of several innovative strains of genetically engineered mouse models has revealed intriguing and unexpected insights into the functions of kisspeptin signaling in the hypothalamus. Here, we review the advancements in our knowledge of the central kisspeptin system through the use of mutant mice.
Transient, Inducible, Placenta-Specific Gene Expression in Mice
Authors: Fan Xiujun , Petitt Matthew , Gamboa Matthew , Huang Mei , Dhal Sabita , Druzin Maurice L. , Wu Joseph C. , Chen-Tsai Yanru , Nayak Nihar R.
Published: September 2012

Molecular understanding of placental functions and pregnancy disorders is limited by the absence of methods for placenta-specific gene manipulation. Although persistent placenta-specific gene expression has been achieved by lentivirus-based gene delivery methods, developmentally and physiologically important placental genes have highly stage-specific functions, requiring controllable, transient expression systems for functional analysis. Here, we describe an inducible, placenta-specific gene expression system that enables high-level, transient transgene expression and monitoring of gene expression by live bioluminescence imaging in mouse placenta at different stages of pregnancy. We used the third generation tetracycline-responsive tranactivator protein Tet-On 3G, with 10- to 100-fold increased sensitivity to doxycycline (Dox) compared with previous versions, enabling unusually sensitive on-off control of gene expression in vivo. Transgenic mice expressing Tet-On 3G were created using a new integrase-based, site-specific approach, yielding high-level transgene expression driven by a ubiquitous promoter. Blastocysts from these mice were transduced with the Tet-On 3G-response element promoter-driving firefly luciferase using lentivirus-mediated placenta-specific gene delivery and transferred into wild-type pseudopregnant recipients for placenta-specific, Dox-inducible gene expression. Systemic Dox administration at various time points during pregnancy led to transient, placenta-specific firefly luciferase expression as early as d 5 of pregnancy in a Dox dose-dependent manner. This system enables, for the first time, reliable pregnancy stage-specific induction of gene expression in the placenta and live monitoring of gene expression during pregnancy. It will be widely applicable to studies of both placental development and pregnancy, and the site-specific Tet-On G3 mouse will be valuable for studies in a broad range of tissues.
Desensitization to Inhaled Aztreonam Lysine in an Allergic Patient with Cystic Fibrosis Using a Novel Approach
Authors: Guglani Lokesh , Abdulhamid Ibrahim , Ditouras Joanna , Montejo Jenny
Published: September 2012

Objective

To report the successful desensitization of a highly allergic patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) to inhaled aztreonam lysine using the novel approach of intravenous desensitization followed by full-dose inhaled therapy without any adverse reactions.

Case Summary

A 19-year-old woman with CF had persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa–positive cultures and a history of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions to multiple medications, including aztreonam and tobramycin (intravenous and inhaled). To start therapy with an inhaled antipseudomonal antibiotic on a chronic basis, she underwent rapid desensitization to intravenous aztreonam followed by initiation of inhaled aztreonam lysine. Following intravenous desensitization with aztreonam, there was no adverse reaction or decline in lung function noted with inhaled aztreonam lysine and the chronic therapy was continued at home, with a modified regimen to maintain desensitization.

Discussion

Aztreonam lysine has been used for treatment of patients with CF with chronic P. aeruginosa colonization. Previous allergic reaction to intravenous aztreonam is considered a contraindication for use of aztreonam lysine. Our patient had a history of hives and facial swelling following administration of intravenous aztreonam (type I hypersensitivity reaction) as well as hypersensitivity to tobramycin. Rapid desensitization can be done for drugs that mediate a type I hypersensitivity reaction, with mast cells and basophils being the cellular targets. There are a few case reports of desensitization to inhaled antibiotics such as tobramycin and colistin, but desensitization to aztreonam lysine has not previously been reported.

Conclusions

Desensitization of a patient with CF who is allergic to intravenous aztreonam was successfully accomplished with the novel approach of rapid intravenous desensitization followed by inhaled therapy. As inhaled antibiotics are being increasingly used for patients with CF, this novel strategy can be used for desensitizing allergic patients with CF to ensure that they can continue to receive these medications safely.
Synthesis and applications of CdSe nano-tetrapods in hybrid photovoltaic devices
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Hu Linfeng
Published: September 2012

Tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals have attracted increasing interest for optoelectronic applications in recent years due to their rich morphologies. With unique properties such as a direct band-gap and excellent photoelectrical characteristics, CdSe nano-tetrapods are promising nanostructures for applications in such fields as photodetectors, field emitters, and photovoltaic devices. This review mainly describes the remarkable progress made in synthesis and hybrid photovoltaic applications of CdSe nano-tetrapods over the last few years. In particular, the “blinking” effect observed from these nano-tetrapods in chloroform solution is highlighted. This overview covers the current state of the art as well as an outlook on possibilities and limitations.
Impact of FDI Restrictions on Inward FDI in OECD Countries
Authors: Ghosh Madanmohan , Syntetos Peter , Wang Weimin
Published: September 2012

Attracting FDI has become an integral part of the national development strategies in many economies, as it is generally believed that the benefits from foreign direct investment (FDI) outweigh its drawbacks. The UNCTAD in its World Investment Report (2006) highlights that there were 205 FDI related policy changes across the world in 2005, and most of these changes made conditions more favourable for foreign companies to enter and operate. However, FDI is still far less liberalized than trade in goods and services. Recent studies undertaken at the OECD show that although declined significantly since 1980s, barriers to inward FDI are still widespread in OECD countries. This paper explores the impact of FDI restrictions on inward FDI stocks using panel time series (1981-2004) data for 23 OECD countries. Our empirical results show that FDI restrictions do have significant impact on inward FDI stocks. The estimated short-run elasticity of inward FDI stocks with respect to FDI restrictions is in the range between –0.06 to –0.14, and the corresponding long-run elasticity is in the range between –0.64 to –1.49. This implies that by reducing barriers to FDI, countries such as Canada can significantly increase their level of inward FDI stocks.
Comparison of Targeted Maximum Likelihood and Shrinkage Estimators of Parameters in Gene Networks
Authors: Geeven Geert , van der Laan Mark J. , de Gunst Mathisca C.M.
Published: September 2012

Gene regulatory networks, in which edges between nodes describe interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes, model regulatory interactions that determine the cell-type and condition-specific expression of genes. Regression methods can be used to identify TF-target gene interactions from gene expression and DNA sequence data. The response variable, i.e. observed gene expression, is modeled as a function of many predictor variables simultaneously. In practice, it is generally not possible to select a single model that clearly achieves the best fit to the observed experimental data and the selected models typically contain overlapping sets of predictor variables. Moreover, parameters that represent the marginal effect of the individual predictors are not always present. In this paper, we use the statistical framework of estimation of variable importance to define variable importance as a parameter of interest and study two different estimators of this parameter in the context of gene regulatory networks. On yeast data we show that the resulting parameter has a biologically appealing interpretation. We apply the proposed methodology on mammalian gene expression data to gain insight into the temporal activity of TFs that underly gene expression changes in F11 cells in response to Forskolin stimulation.
Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity of Cucumis Melo Fruit Peel Extracts in High Cholesterol Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats
Authors: Bidkar Jayant S. , Ghanwat Dhanaji Dadaso , Bhujbal Madhuri D. , Dama Ganesh Y.
Published: September 2012

Cucumis melo Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) fruits have been used, traditionally in Indian traditional system of medicine, for the treatment of various disorders such as liver tonic, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antiobesity, etc. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Cucumis melo fruit peel (CMFP) methanolic and aqueous extract in high cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Treatment with CMFP methanolic and aqueous extract showed significant (P<0.01) reduction in gain in body weight, serum lipid profile like total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, atherogenic index and increased the serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in 28 days treatment when compared to the hyperlipidemic control group. The fecal excretion of bile acids and sterols was further increased upon treatment with CMFP methanolic and aqueous extract and standard drug. Administration of methanolic extract of CMFP at a dose of 500 mg/kg showed higher antihyperlipidemic activity as compared to other extract treated groups. The results concluded that CMFP methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) have potent antihyperlipidemic activity in high cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia model and which is equipotent activity when compared with atorvastatin treated group.
Comparison of effectiveness in antitumor activity between flavonoids and polyphenols of the methanolic extract of roots of Potentilla fulgens in breast cancer cells
Authors: Radhika Manukonda , Ghoshal Nitin , Chatterjee Anupam
Published: September 2012

Potentilla fulgens has been used for a long time as folk remedy for a variety of ailments without having information on its pharmacological action. The study was intended to determine the effectiveness in antitumor activity among kaempferol (KMP) as flavonoids, ellagic acid (ELA) as polyphenols and methanolic extract of the root of P. fulgens (PRE) in Ehrlich ascites tumour (EA) and MCF-7 cancer cells. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were found to be 138.8 ± 1.6 mg gallic acid and 401.6 ± 4.6 mg quercetin per 1 gm of the extract, respectively. The extract resulted in increasing in vivo survivality of mice bearing EA cells and loss of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in MCF-7 cells. This effect may be attributed to apoptotic cell death as confirmed by flow cytometric analysis and PARP1 proteolysis. Such induction of apoptosis was achieved by suppression of inhibitor of the apoptosis protein survivin. It was observed that endogenous level of glutathione was depleted significantly in MCF-7 cells after the treatment with PRE only but not with KMP or ELA. This induction of apoptotic cell death and lowering the level of glutathione are highly desirable mode for an anticancer agent.
Local concentration of systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole in healthy and inflamed gingiva: a comparative in vivo study
Authors: Amid Reza , Tabeie Mohammad Bagher , Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Mehdizadeh Amir Reza , Youssefi Navid
Published: September 2012

Background: One of the most recommended methods of systemic antibiotic administration in periodontics is the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole, which has great inhibitory effect on periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study is to determine the local concentrations of these drugs in gingiva and compare its distribution in healthy and inflamed tissues.

Methods: The study population was selected from patients referred to our department. Fifteen subjects were referred for crown lengthening, and another 15 subjects required flap surgery because of severe periodontitis. All 30 patients received three doses of amoxicillin 500 mg plus metronidazole 250 mg before surgery. Tissue samples were gathered during surgery, and chemotherapy was continued for 7 days with 8-h intervals. After 7 days, during the second appointment, the next samples were collected. Samples were sent to the laboratory to determine the drug concentration with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results: Amoxicillin concentration in healthy gingival tissue was not detectable. The concentrations after 24 h and 7 days of administration were 25.9±4.1 and 124.8±18 μg/mL, respectively. The values for metronidazole were 28.86±1.7, 1.70±0.3, and 36.0±1.5 μg/mL.

Conclusions: The combination of systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole for 7 days has sufficient gingival connective tissue concentration much more than the minimum inhibitory concentration in healthy and inflamed tissue.
Normal subgroups of groups acting on trees and automorphism groups of graphs
Authors: Möller Rögnvaldur G. , Vonk Jan
Published: September 2012

Let
Piper v. Big Pine School District of Inyo County: Indigenous Schooling and Resistance in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Blalock-Moore Nicole
Published: September 2012

Prior to the 1920s, the state of California authorized local school districts to educate Native American children in “separate but equal” facilities where there was no federal Indian school in the vicinity. In 1923 seven Indian children in Inyo County attempted to enroll in a public school instead of attending the poorer quality local Indian day school. The state Supreme Court, in Piper v. Big Pine School District (1924), ruled in their favor. The case was central to ending segregation in California’s public schools.
Coping religioso/espiritual em pessoas com doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico
Authors: Valcanti Carolina Costa , Chaves Érika de Cássia Lopes , Mesquita Ana Cláudia , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Carvalho Emília Campos de
Published: September 2012

O estudo tem como objetivo investigar o uso do coping religioso/espiritual em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise. A investigação ocorreu em uma clínica de hemodiálise, por meio de entrevista utilizando um questionário sociodemográfico e a escala de coping religioso/espiritual. Para análise dos dados, foram empregados a estatística descritiva e o teste coeficiente de correlação de Sperman, a análise de variância e o modelo de regressão linear múltipla. Foram entrevistados 123 indivíduos, dos quais 79,6% apresentaram escore alto para o coping religioso/espiritual e nenhum deles apresentou os escores baixos e irrisórios. As variáveis que influenciaram no comportamento do coping religioso/espiritual foram: sexo, faixa etária, tempo de tratamento, renda familiar e prática religiosa. Conclui-se que os pacientes em estudo utilizam de modo positivo o coping religioso/espiritual como estratégia de enfrentamento da doença, destacando-se as mulheres, com renda familiar maior e que frequentam semanalmente a igreja.
Mediastinite pós-cirúrgica em um Hospital Cardiológico de Recife: contribuições para a assistência de enfermagem
Authors: Magalhães Marina Gabriella Pereira de Andrada , Alves Ludmila Medeiros Outtes , Alcantara Lidianne Fábia de Moraes , Bezerra Simone Maria Muniz da Silva
Published: September 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de mediastinite pós-cirúrgica com o intuito de contribuir para a assistência de enfermagem. Para tanto, foi realizada a análise de 896 prontuários de pacientes submetidos à operação cardíaca com esternotomia no Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Recife-PE,no período de junho de 2007 a junho 2009. As variáveis consideradas foram: sexo, idade, tipo de operação, antecedentes pessoais, tempo de internamento hospitalar, uso de antibióticos e cultura de ferida operatória. Observou-se alta letalidade por mediastinite (33,3%). Vários fatores de risco foram identificados no estudo, tais como: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (80,9%); tabagismo (61,9%); diabetes mellitus (42,8%) e obesidade (33,3%), sendo a maioria (76,2%) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. Conclui-se que a mediastinite é uma infecção grave que necessita de supervisão contínua da enfermagem e medidas preventivas para o diagnóstico precoce e a diminuição da mortalidade.
Identificação dos pilares da educação na disciplina integralidade no cuidado à saúde
Authors: Scherer Zeyne Alves Pires , Scherer Edson Arthur
Published: September 2012

O presente estudo objetivou verificar, a partir da análise de narrativas de portfólios de estudantes, se os quatro pilares da educação foram contemplados na disciplina integralidade no cuidado à saúde do currículo integrado do curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (USP). Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo documental, de 46 portfólios construídos na disciplina. Para a coleta dos dados, foi utilizado um roteiro de avaliação contendo itens que contemplaram as dimensões cognitivas e afetivas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise categorial temática utilizando os pilares da educação como categorias predefinidas. Os resultados indicam que os pilares da educação parecem ter sido contemplados na disciplina. Apesar dos achados deste estudo, não houve indícios de que as competências esperadas foram discutidas entre alunos e docentes, nos registros referentes aos momentos de avaliação de cada ciclo pedagógico da disciplina estudada.
Qual sociologia para o estudo dos partidos políticos conservadores?
Authors: Fretel Julien
Published: September 2012

A análise dos partidos políticos, na França e na Europa notadamente, recaiu em certa rotina analítica. Uma das razões dessa rotinização deve-se ao fato de ela ter negligenciado o estudo de organizações que se distanciam dos modelos-típicos privilegiados nas abordagens tradicionais, mas também pelas tendências em voga, que esboçam, entre outras, a noção de cartelização. Colocar à prova esses modelos a partir da observação in concreto de organizações partidárias "atípicas", recorrer à noção de instituição para pensar as formações partidárias como universos vivos e não como design estáticos, por exemplo, tais são as vias pelas quais pode-se apreender os partidos não pelo que eles deveriam ser ou não são, mas pelo que realmente são.
Recorrência e evolução no capitalismo mundial: os ciclos de acumulação de Giovanni Arrighi
Authors: Brussi Antônio José Escobar
Published: September 2012

O artigo apresenta alguns aspectos relevantes da contribuição de Giovanni Arrighi para o estudo da política e da economia mundiais com um duplo propósito. Em primeiro lugar, demonstrar o potencial interpretativo de seu desenho analítico para investigações fundadas em recortes mundiais, sistêmicos ou a eles associados e, em segundo, apresentar a importância desse tipo de modelo quando aplicado aos estudos do tempo curto ou das conjunturas políticas e econômicas.
Impacto del tráfico de equipos durante la cosecha de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: Rodríguez Luís A. , Valencia Jhon J.
Published: September 2012

Para determinar el impacto del tráfico sobre el suelo, el cultivo y el consumo energético durante la cosecha de caña de azúcar en el valle del río Cauca (Colombia), se establecieron experimentos de cuatro repeticiones con diferentes sistemas de cosecha. En cada sitio se cosecharon mecánicamente parcelas con vagones de auto volteo, HD8000, HD12000 y HD20000, se evaluaron por la intensidad de tráfico (IT), el pisoteo directo sobre la cepa, la resistencia a la penetración y el consumo energético. Vagones grandes y pesados causaron mayor IT y mayor efecto por compactación y pisoteo. La IT varió entre 241 y 317 Mg km ha-1. El pisoteo en la cabecera varió de 8 a 18 m por surco y sobre la cepa los vagones pisaron entre 5 y 24% de su ancho. Hubo diferencias no significativas en productividad hasta de 13,9% favorable a los vagones livianos. En cosecha semimecánica, realizada con trenes de vagones, disminuyó la IT al rango 60-113 Mg km ha-1; pero aumentó el pisoteo en las cabeceras hasta 39 m por surco, hubo diferencias no significativas en productividad hasta del 4% entre sistemas de vagones livianos y pesados. Además, los vagones livianos con manejo adecuado de la cosecha, llegan a ser favorables por menor consumo de combustible y emisiones.
Lei da gravitação universal e os satélites: uma abordagem histórico-temática usando multimídia
Authors: Rodrigues Elvis Vilela , Zimmermann Erika , Hartmann Ângela Maria
Published: September 2012

Examina-se, neste artigo, o desenvolvimento de aulas de Física em que, usando-se uma multimídia, a Lei da Gravitação Universal é abordada de forma contextualizada a partir da História da Ciência e de um tema atual (os satélites). O objetivo foi examinar como estudantes de Ensino Médio aceitam e se envolvem nesse estudo. Usando uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, a multimídia apresenta o que são e como funcionam os satélites artificiais, trazendo uma narrativa histórica desde as ideias de movimento do sistema planetário de Ptolomeu até as de Isaac Newton sobre o movimento dos corpos, culminando na Lei da Gravitação Universal. Entrevistas, observações de sala de aula e documentos produzidos pelos estudantes mostram que as imagens, os filmes e os textos contidos na multimídia enriquecem, de modo significativo, o conteúdo, facilitando o entendimento de conceitos da Física. A contextualização histórico-temática, por sua vez, produz maior envolvimento dos alunos no estudo da Física.
Modelo de integração em sala de aula: drogas como mote da interdisciplinaridade
Authors: Sá Marilde Beatriz Zorzi , Cedran Jaime da Costa , Piai Débora
Published: September 2012

O presente trabalho apresenta a descrição e resultados de uma atividade trabalhada com alunos do Ensino Médio e cujo tema abordado foram "as drogas". A ideia era que, utilizando um tema de grande repercussão e interesse dos jovens, amplamente discutido e de vasta relevância social, poder-se-ia trabalhar de maneira interdisciplinar e de forma contextualizada, contribuindo para a construção de conhecimentos relacionados ao ensino de Ciências. Nessa perspectiva, foi proposta uma sequência de atividades interdisciplinares, como pesquisas, produção de painéis e elaboração de reportagem, dentro do referido tema, que revelaram a importância da integração dos saberes e a reflexão sobre o assunto trabalhado. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o interesse e o envolvimento dos alunos foram grandes, o que possibilitou a aquisição de aprendizagens realmente significativas.
Pitágoras e van Hiele: uma possibilidade de conexão
Authors: Leivas José Carlos Pinto
Published: September 2012

Este trabalho analisa como um grupo de alunos da licenciatura em Matemática e de professores em ação continuada enuncia e representa o Teorema de Pitágoras. A pesquisa tem conotação qualitativa e foi realizada num evento de Educação Matemática, durante a realização de uma oficina sobre os níveis de van Hiele, no segundo semestre do ano de 2010. Aspectos de visualização e representação foram observados, e constatamos que a maioria absoluta dos sujeitos investigados não expressa corretamente o teorema numa linguagem matemática apropriada, estabelecendo conflitos cognitivos entre aspectos de medida e de formas. Além disso, as representações do teorema, feitas pelos sujeitos, se limitam, quando o fazem, a uma única situação, e não dão sinais de identificarem uma generalização do teorema, além do aspecto geométrico de construir quadrados sobre os lados de um triângulo retângulo.
Memória de velhas professoras: a natureza e a relação sociedade-natureza
Authors: Mercadante Marilu , Cavalari Rosa Maria Feiteiro
Published: September 2012

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar, a partir da memória de velhas professoras, as concepções de natureza e de relação sociedade-natureza presentes nos depoimentos de professoras que atuaram na rede pública estadual de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Constatou-se, por meio das leituras das narrativas, que as professoras apresentam a natureza por meio de diferentes concepções. No que diz respeito à relação sociedade-natureza, evidencia-se a relação conflituosa que se estabelece entre o homem e a natureza. No geral, o homem foi apresentado como aquele que destrói a natureza, caracterizado pelas professoras como ruim e ignorante. Tentar compreender como a natureza e a relação sociedade-natureza se fazem presentes na memória dessas professoras pode contribuir para a construção de novas formas de relação sociedade-natureza nos dias atuais.
Linking teaching and research in the field of public health: the Bulgarian experience
Authors: Tcholakova Maya , Georgieva Dobrinka , Ivanov Stoyan
Published: September 2012

We describe our perception of the link between teaching and research at South West University (SWU) in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria. This analysis is based on a reflection of the existing curricula and research infrastructure at the Faculty of Public Health and Sports (FPHS) and a literature review of currently explored concepts and definitions connected to linking teaching and research. The research was conducted from April to December 2011 and was financed by the university. On the basis of our review we have proposed a framework for integrating teaching, research, and practice for the FPHS. We describe the key prerequisites for linking research and teaching and its clinical representation in Bachelor and Master's degree programs with the aim of encouraging critical thinking and clinical problem-solving skills in students and teachers.
Estimation of genetic parameters in rubber progenies
Authors: Verardi Cecília Khusala , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela de , Costa Reginaldo Brito da , Gonçalves Paulo de Souza
Published: September 2012

This study was designed to evaluate the genetic variability, the potential for rubber yield and secondary traits of rubber tree progenies at three locations in the state of Sao Paulo. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with 22 progenies and 6 replications. At the age of three years, the progenies were evaluated for rubber yield, girth growth and total number of latex vessel rings. The results showed the existence of genetic variability among progenies for each location separately as well as between locations, with differences in the progeny performance for the traits. The individual heritabilities calculated for rubber yield, girth growth and total number of latex vessel rings (0.30, 0.63 and 0.29, respectively), associated with high genetic gains with selection for the traits studied at each site, showed that the populations can be considered suitable for the rubber breeding program, provided that an appropriate selection procedure is used.
Plant selection in F2 segregating populations of papaya from commercial hybrids
Authors: Oliveira Eder Jorge , Fraife Filho Gilberto de Andrade , Freitas Juan Paulo Xavier de , Dantas Jorge Luiz Loyola , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela de
Published: September 2012

The objective of this paper was to estimate the genetic parameters and additive genetic values in segregating populations of papaya using the mixed model methodology. Two F2 populations from Tainung and Calimosa hybrids were evaluated. The experimental design was an augmented block with four replicates, and Golden and Calimosa cultivars were the common treatment. Estimates of individual heritability were high for fruit length (FL) and weight (FW), moderate for fruit diameter (FD), and low for total soluble solids (TSS) and fruit firmness (FF). Considering FF and TSS as main traits for selection, genotypes of Calimosa-F2 population showed better performance to FF, but worse concerning TSS. It was selected 18.3% and 24.6% of plants from Tainung-F2 and Calimosa-F2 populations, respectively. Negative correlation between TSS and FF was not able to reduce the genetic gains. The segregating populations from Calimosa hybrid are more promising for the selection of papaya lines.
Well-balanced two-dimensional coupled modelling of submarine turbidity currents
Authors: Hu Peng , Cao Zhixian , Pender Gareth
Published: September 2012

Submarine turbidity currents may wreak havoc on deep sea facilities and also affect the formation of many morphological features, which are closely linked to hydrocarbon reserves. Yet most previous understandings are based on the analyses of geological and geophysical data or decoupled modelling. Here a two-dimensional coupled mathematical model for turbidity currents over erodible beds is developed. The governing equations are built upon the complete layer-averaged mass and momentum conservation laws. The well-balanced slope limiter centred scheme is deployed, which facilitates a reasonable balance between the flux gradients and the bed source terms. This renders the model applicable to both regular and irregular topographies. The coupled model is verified against both one- and two-dimensional experimental turbidity currents. When applied to turbidity currents near a submarine canyon–-fan transition and over submarine fans, coupled modelling is found to be critical, which incurs negligible increase in the computational cost. Computational case studies demonstrate that bed slope, sediment particle size and upstream boundary condition are key factors dictating the formation of submarine channel–levee morphology. Appropriate bed slope and sediment particle size as well as larger inlet Richardson number may favour formation of submarine channel–levee morphology.
Plain Language in Environmental Policy Documents: An Assessment of Reader Comprehension and Perceptions
Authors: Jones Natasha , McDavid Justin , Derthick Katie , Dowell Randy , Spyridakis Jan
Published: September 2012

Several government agencies are seeking quality improvement in environmental policy documents by asking for the implementation of Plain Language (PL) guidelines. Our mixed-methods research examines whether the application of certain PL guidelines affects the comprehension and perceptions of readers of environmental policy documents. Results show that the presence of pronouns affects inferential comprehension of environmental impact statement summaries (EIS summaries), but that the effect varies with the reader's education level. Further, headings in question phrasing affect a reader's perception of familiarity and reliability of EIS summaries. A reader's perceptions of EIS summaries and attitudes toward the organizations creating the documents are also affected by overall design features. PL guidelines on the use of pronouns and question headings are not fully supported by our research and need further validation with regard to comprehension. This article ends with a call for further research.
Multinational Capital Budgeting: Foreign Investment under Subsidy
Authors: Gordon Sara L. , Lees Francis A.
Published: September 2012

Multinational capital budgeting bases foreign direct investment upon ownership, internalization, and locational advantages. These may be linked to a capital-budgeting analysis of an investment's cash flows and profitability. Volkswagen's recent investment in the U.S. is considered.
The Influence of Sex on Managers in the Service Sector
Authors: Forgionne Guisseppi A. , Peeters Vivian E.
Published: September 2012

How does sex influence job satisfaction and motivation and attitudes toward various motivators among men and women in the service sector? Using statistical analysis of international survey data, the authors identify many differences between male and female managers' perceptions and attitudes.
Book Review: Management Implications of Drucker's Managing in Turbulent Times
Authors: Nielsen Richard P.
Published: September 2012

The changing relationships among labor intensity, capital intensity, and the knowledge worker, the need for inflation accounting, innovation management, implications of demographic changes, and managing in political environments are considered.
Should a Country Move toward International Strategic Market Planning?
Authors: Nielsen Richard P.
Published: September 2012

In government-guided country international strategic market planning (CISMP), the central government tries to intervene in a few key markets to help domestic, privately owned or government-owned businesses establish or improve positions in new international markets. Administrative coordination through CISMP may be more efficient than classical and neoclassical economic models—but CISMP may also reduce freedom and increase social control over economic activity.
Productivity: A New Perspective
Authors: English Jon , Marchione Anthony R.
Published: September 2012

A major concern in the U.S. today is our low level of productivity increase. If people are to become more effective, organizations and their management must undergo a number of changes.
FSLIC: A Financial Buffer?
Authors: Boggs H. Glenn , Lilly Claude C.
Published: September 2012

The Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation is responsible for insuring savings up to $100,000 per account in insured state and federal savings and loans. This article examines whether adequate funds are available to meet the risk associated with the guarantee and analyzes whether FSLIC is an insurance mechanism ora financial intermediary.