bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel process for H&E, immunofluorescence, and imaging mass cytometry on a single slide with a concise analytics pipeline
Authors: Marlin M. Caleb , Stephens Tayte , Wright Christian , Smith Miles , Wright Kyle , Guthridge Joel M.
Published: September 2023

Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) is a powerful spatial technology that utilizes cytometry time of flight to acquire multiplexed image datasets with up to 40 markers, via metal‐tagged antibodies. Recent advances in IMC have led to the inclusion of RNAScope probes and multiple new analysis pipelines have led to faster analyses and better results. However, IMC still suffers from lower resolution (1 μm2 pixels) and relatively small regions of interest (ROIs) (<2 mm2) compared to other, light‐based microscope technologies. Capturing higher‐resolution images on serial sections causes great difficulty when attempting to align cells and structures across serial sections, especially when observing smaller cell types and structures. Therefore, we demonstrate the combination of H&E and multiplex immunofluorescence imaging, for much higher resolution of the structural and cellular compartments found throughout the entire tissue section, with the high‐dimensionality of IMC for specific ROIs on a single slide. Additionally, we demonstrate a simple and effective open‐source cell segmentation and IMC analysis pipeline with previously published and freely available software.
Fabricating freestanding electrocatalyst with bismuth‐iron dual active sites for efficient ammonia synthesis in neutral media
Authors: Sun Ying , Sun Zhuoying , Zhang Wei , Li Wentao , Liu Chang , Zhao Qin , Huang Zihang , Li Hui , Wang Jingang , Ma Tianyi
Published: September 2023

Electrocatalytic N2 reduction (NRR) has been regarded as a promising approach for environment‐friendly and sustainable ammonia (NH3) synthesis. However, developing cost‐effective electrocatalysts with high NRR efficiency at low overpotential in neutral media remains a great challenge. In this paper, a freestanding NRR electrocatalyst, BiFeO/FCC, has been developed by in situ growth of bismuth ferrite (Bi25FeO40) on functionalized carbon cloth (FCC), which exhibits high NRR activity with a maximum NH3 yield of 3.88 μg h−1 cm−2 (at −0.40 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode [RHE]) and a Faradaic efficiency of 12.71% (at −0.45 V vs. RHE) in 0.1 M Na2SO4. The synergistic effect of the abundant exposed bismuth and iron dual active sites confined in the lattice, the binder‐free nature of the electrode and the excellent conductivity of the carbon substrate enable the easy adsorption/activation of N2 and accelerate the electron transfer simultaneously, thus boosting its NRR performance. This work is significant to design low‐cost, and high‐efficient NRR catalysts for large‐scale electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis.
Differences between cardiogenic shock related to acute decompensated heart failure and acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Bertaina Maurizio , Morici Nuccia , Frea Simone , Garatti Laura , Briani Martina , Sorini Carlotta , Villanova Luca , Corrada Elena , Sacco Alice , Moltrasio Marco , Ravera Amelia , Tedeschi Michele , Bertoldi Letizia , Lettino Maddalena , Saia Francesco , Corsini Anna , Camporotondo Rita , Colombo Costanza Natalia Julia , Bertolin Stephanie , Rota Matteo , Oliva Fabrizio , Iannaccone Mario , Valente Serafina , Pagnesi Matteo , Metra Marco , Sionis Alessandro , Marini Marco , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Kapur Navin K. , Pappalardo Federico , Tavazzi Guido
Published: September 2023

Aims

The present analysis from the multicentre prospective Altshock‐2 registry aims to better define clinical features, in‐hospital course, and management of cardiogenic shock complicating acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF‐CS) as compared with that complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI‐CS).

Methods and results

All patients with AMI‐CS or ADHF‐CS enrolled in the Altshock‐2 registry between March 2020 and February 2022 were selected. The primary objective was the characterization of ADHF‐CS patients as compared with AMI‐CS. In‐hospital length of stay and mortality were secondary endpoints. One‐hundred‐ninety of the 238 CS patients enrolled in the aforementioned period were considered for the present analysis: 101 AMI‐CS (80% ST‐elevated myocardial infarction and 20% non‐ST‐elevated myocardial infarction) and 89 ADHF‐CS. As compared with AMI‐CS, ADHF‐CS patients were younger [63 (IQR 59–76) vs. 67 (IQR 54–73) years, P = 0.01], but presented with higher creatinine [1.6 (IQR 1.0–2.6) vs. 1.2 (IQR 1.0–1.4) mg/dL, P < 0.001], bilirubin [1.3 (IQR 0.9–2.3) vs. 0.6 (IQR 0.4–1.1) mg/dL, P = 0.01], and central venous pressure values [14 mmHg (IQR 8–12) vs. 10 mmHg (IQR 7–14),P = 0.01]. Norepinephrine was the most common catecholamine used in AMI‐CS (79.3%), whereas epinephrine was used more commonly in ADHF‐CS (65.5%); 75.8% vs. 46.6% received a temporary mechanical support in AMI‐CS and ADHF‐CS, respectively (P < 0.001). Length of hospital stay was longer in the latter [28 (IQR 13–48) vs. 17 (IQR 9–29) days, P = 0.001]. Heart replacement therapies were more frequently used in the ADHF‐CS group (heart transplantation 13.5% vs. 0% and left ventricular assist device 11% vs. 2%, P < 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). In‐hospital mortality was 41.1% (38.6% AMI‐CS vs. 43.8% ADHF‐CS, P = 0.5).

Conclusions

ADHF‐CS is characterized by a higher prevalence of end‐organ and biventricular dysfunction at presentation, a longer hospital length of stay, and higher need of heart replacement therapies when compared with AMI‐CS. In‐hospital mortality was similar between the two aetiologies. Our data warrant development of new management protocols focused on CS aetiology.
Webtool to enhance the accuracy of diagnostic algorithms for HFpEF: a prospective cross‐over study
Authors: Weerts Jerremy , Amin Hesam , Barandiarán Aizpurua Arantxa , Gevaert Andreas B. , Handoko M. Louis , Dauw Jeroen , Tun Han Naung , Rommel Karl‐Philipp , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Kresoja Karl‐Patrik , Sanders‐van Wijk Sandra , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Lumens Joost , Knackstedt Christian , van Empel Vanessa P.M.
Published: September 2023

Aims

Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) can be challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a webtool to enhance the scoring accuracy when applying the complex HFA‐PEFF and H2FPEF algorithms, which are commonly used for diagnosing HFpEF.

Methods and results

We developed an online tool, the HFpEF calculator, that enables the automatic calculation of current HFpEF algorithms. We assessed the accuracy of manual vs. automatic scoring, defined as the percentage of correct scores, in a cohort of cardiologists with varying clinical experience. Cardiologists scored eight online clinical cases using a triple cross‐over design (i.e. two manual–two automatic–two manual–two automatic). Data were analysed in study completers (n = 55, 29% heart failure specialists, 42% general cardiologists, and 29% cardiology residents). Manually calculated scores were correct in 50% (HFA‐PEFF: 50% [50–75]; H2FPEF: 50% [38–50]). Correct scoring improved to 100% using the HFpEF calculator (HFA‐PEFF: 100% [88–100], P < 0.001; H2FPEF: 100% [75–100], P < 0.001). Time spent on clinical cases was similar between scoring methods (±4 min). When corrections for faulty algorithm scores were displayed, cardiologists changed their diagnostic decision in up to 67% of cases. At least 67% of cardiologists preferred using the online tool for future cases in clinical practice.

Conclusions

Manual calculation of HFpEF diagnostic algorithms is often inaccurate. Using an automated webtool to calculate HFpEF algorithms significantly improved correct scoring. This new approach may impact the eventual diagnostic decision in up to two‐thirds of cases, supporting its routine use in clinical practice.
Electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging for clinical evaluation in focal epilepsy
Authors: Ikemoto Satoru , Pana Raluca , von Ellenrieder Nicolás , Gotman Jean
Published: September 2023

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the contribution of simultaneous recording of electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI) in the diagnosis of epilepsy syndrome, localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), and decision‐making regarding surgical treatment.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study to evaluate patients with focal epilepsy who underwent EEG‐fMRI. Two evaluators assessed epilepsy syndrome, presumed focus, and surgical candidacy and defined confidence levels. They assessed these clinical characteristics first without EEG‐fMRI and then including EEG‐fMRI to assess how the results of EEG‐fMRI changed the evaluations. We also determined how the clinical evaluation was affected by the concordance level between the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) response and the presumed focus location, and by the confidence level of the BOLD response itself based on the t‐value of the primary and secondary clusters.

Results

Fifty‐one scans from 48 patients were included. The BOLD map affected 66.7% of the evaluations by altering evaluation items (epilepsy syndrome, presumed focus, or surgical candidacy) or their confidence levels. EEG‐fMRI results increased the confidence levels of epilepsy syndrome, presumed focus, or surgical candidacy in 47.1% of patients but reduced clinical confidence in these features in 11.8%. More specifically, the confidence levels increased for epilepsy syndrome in 28.5%, identification of presumed focus in 33.9%, and determination of surgical candidacy in 29.4%. The BOLD signal confidence level, whether high or low, did not influence these clinical factors.

Significance

Previous studies have emphasized the utility of EEG‐fMRI for the localization of the epileptogenic zone. This study demonstrated the potential of EEG‐fMRI to influence clinical confidence when determining epilepsy syndrome, the presumed epileptic focus, and surgical candidacy.
Celebrating breakthrough in dental diagnostics: FDA approval of an AI model for diagnosis of periodontal diseases: A correspondence
Authors: Khan Ayesha , Khan Khadija J. , Ghaza Mehreen A. , Dave Tirth , Shahnoor Syeda , Khan Abdul M. , Oduoye Malik O. , Nafula Wechuli P. , Ubechu Samuel C.
Published: September 2023

Periodontal diseases are prevalent and have significant implications for oral health and overall well‐being. Current diagnostic methods have limitations in accuracy and standardization. The recent Food and Drug Administration approval of Videa Perio Assist (VPA), an AI model for diagnosing periodontal diseases, presents a breakthrough in dental diagnostics. VPA is a cloud‐based, AI‐powered software that automatically measures and visualizes bone levels associated with each tooth from radiographic images. Clinical testing has demonstrated VPA's efficacy in accurately diagnosing periodontal diseases with high sensitivity and specificity. The integration of AI in dentistry has the potential to revolutionize periodontal disease diagnosis, improve patient care, and enhance decision‐making. However, further research, education, cost‐effectiveness, and collaboration are essential for maximizing the benefits of AI in dental settings. The approval and implementation of VPA mark a significant advancement in dental diagnostics, paving the way for more effective solutions and a healthier global population.
Interspecies scaling of toxicity reference values in human health versus ecological risk assessments: A critical review
Authors: Clewell Harvey J. , Fuchsman Phyllis C.
Published: September 2023

Risk assessments that focus on anthropogenic chemicals in environmental media—whether considering human health or ecological effects—often rely on toxicity data from experimentally studied species to estimate safe exposures for species that lack similar data. Current default extrapolation approaches used in both human health risk assessments and ecological risk assessments (ERAs) account for differences in body weight between the test organisms and the species of interest, but the two default approaches differ in important ways. Human health risk assessments currently employ a default based on body weight raised to the three-quarters power. Ecological risk assessments for wildlife (i.e., mammals and birds) are typically based directly on body weight, as measured in the test organism and receptor species. This review describes differences in the experimental data underlying these default practices and discusses the many factors that affect interspecies variability in chemical exposures. The interplay of these different factors can lead to substantial departures from default expectations. Alternative methodologies for conducting more accurate interspecies extrapolations in ERAs for wildlife are discussed, including tissue-based toxicity reference values, physiologically based toxicokinetic and/or toxicodynamic modeling, chemical read-across, and a system of categorical defaults based on route of exposure and toxic mode of action. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:749–764. © 2023 SETAC
Does repetitive dilatation and curettage or hysteroscopic biopsy in patients treated with progestins for endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma affect subsequent fetomaternal outcomes? A population‐based study using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hao , Chen Wen‐Hsin , Chen Chao‐Yu , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Lee Chuan‐Pin , Chen Ko‐Jung , Ou Yu‐Che
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate the impact of repeated dilatation and curettage or hysteroscopic biopsy on fetomaternal outcomes in patients receiving progestin treatment for endometrial hyperplasia or early‐stage carcinoma.

Method

This was a population‐based study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2009 and 2017 of women who gave birth and had a history of endometrial hyperplasia and early‐stage carcinoma treated with progestins. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reflecting the association between repeated procedures and fetomaternal outcomes.

Results

A total of 6956 women with 8690 deliveries were identified. Compared with those who had two or fewer procedures, women who received more than two procedures had a significantly higher risk for cervical insufficiency (aOR, 5.09 [95 CI, 2.31–11.24]). Furthermore, women who had more than two procedures were prone to have adverse neonatal outcomes, including Apgar score < 7 at 1 min (aOR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.13–3.43]) and 5 min (aOR, 3.11 [95% CI, 1.33–7.23]) and preterm delivery <32 weeks (aOR, 2.86 [95% CI, 1.50–5.45]).

Conclusion

Undergoing more than two procedures was associated with subsequent maternal cervical insufficiency, preterm delivery <32 weeks, and low neonatal Apgar score. Health care providers should be aware of the potential risks and balance the benefits and harms of repeated procedures.
Local treatment strategies in Stage IVB cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Jing‐Ying , Hu Min , Wu San‐Gang , Zhou Juan
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the effect of different local treatment strategies on survival outcomes in patients with Stage IVB cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with Stage IVB cervical SCC and adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2015 were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Subgroup analysis was performed in those diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 and available for the sites of distant metastases.

Results

In total, 706 patients were identified in this study, including 378 (53.5%) and 328 (46.5%) diagnosed in 2004–2009 and 2010–2015, respectively. There were 525 (74.4%) and 181 (25.6%) patients with SCC and adenocarcinoma, respectively. Moreover, 274 (38.8%) and 432 (61.2%) patients received hysterectomy and primary radiotherapy, respectively. The results of the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that histology and local treatment strategies were not related to cause‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival. In the SCC patients, patients who received primary radiotherapy had similar CSS (P = 0.312) and overall survival (P = 0.390) compared with those treated with surgery. In the adenocarcinoma patients, those who received primary radiotherapy had inferior CSS (P = 0.003) and overall survival (P < 0.001) compared with those treated with surgery. Similar results were found in those diagnosed 2004–2015 and 2010–2015 after propensity score matching.

Conclusions

For patients with Stage IVB cervical cancer who received local therapy, surgery, and primary radiotherapy had similar survival in cervical SCC, whereas surgery had better survival outcomes compared with primary radiotherapy in those with cervical adenocarcinoma.
An unusual cause of small bowel obstruction: Case report of spontaneous uteroenteric fistula
Authors: Apple Annie , Mulugeta‐Gordon Lakeisha , Zafman Kelly , Leitner Kirstin
Published: September 2023

Synopsis

Uteroenteric fistulae in the setting of degenerating leiomyomas may present with small bowel obstruction and require multidisciplinary surgical management to perform fertility‐sparing myomectomy.
Single‐dose oral azithromycin prophylaxis in planned vaginal delivery for sepsis prevention: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Crosara L. F. , Orsini P. V. B. , Eskandar K. , Khalil S. M. , Castilhos G. S. F. , Strahl P. A. M. , Milbradt T. L. , Philip C. E.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The use of oral azithromycin (AZI) as a preventive measure against postpartum infections of planned vaginal births has garnered a lot of interest in recent years and has been the subject of many randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, the results from these trials have not been consistent. Therefore, we aim to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine whether the use of a single‐dose of oral AZI is clinically significant.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central for RCTs from May to June 2023, comparing a single dose of oral AZI with placebo in patients undergoing planned vaginal delivery at a minimum of 28 weeks of gestational age. The main outcomes were puerperal and neonatal sepsis. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 (Cochrane Collaboration). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics.

Results

Four RCTs were included (mothers, n = 42 235; newborns n = 42 492). Approximately 49.8% of mothers received a single dose of oral AZI for sepsis prophylaxis. Compared with placebo, AZI significantly reduced the incidence of puerperal sepsis (risk ratio [RR], 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55–0.77]; P < 0.001), mastitis or breast abscess (RR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.42–0.79]; P < 0.001), endometritis (RR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.54–0.77]; P < 0.001), wound infection (RR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.69–0.96]; P = 0.013), infection rate (RR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.51–0.76]; P < 0.001), and fever (RR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.28–0.89]; P = 0.018) in mothers. No statistically significant differences were identified between groups regarding maternal all‐cause mortality and the use of prescribed postpartum antibiotics. Similarly, no statistical differences were noted in the neonatal group regarding sepsis, infection rate, and all‐cause mortality.

Conclusion

AZI appears to be an effective preventive measure against many postpartum infections in mothers but a substantial impact on neonatal outcomes has not yet been conclusively observed.
Ureter metastasis from a primary cervical malignancy 3 years after initial treatment
Authors: Jia Luyao , Wang Lang , Zheng Jing , Lu Jianghao
Published: September 2023

Synopsis

Metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lower ureter is reported in a 55‐year‐old woman presenting with gross hematuria who was treated for cervical cancer 3 years prior.
Examining the role of moral foundations in promoting intergroup contact willingness
Authors: Zheng Jingwei , Kim Nuri
Published: September 2023

Improving people's motivation to seek meaningful intergroup contact is considered key to facilitating intergroup harmony. Based on moral foundations theory, this study examines how moral foundations as individual traits predict contact willingness with three minority groups (foreign domestic helpers, LGBT, and Chinese expats) and how moral emotions mediate such associations. We tested our hypotheses based on survey data across Hong Kong and Singapore. We found that care/harm foundation positively predicted contact willingness with foreign domestic helpers and LGBT people, mediated by compassion. Sanctity/degradation foundation negatively predicted contact willingness with LGBT people only in Singapore. Loyalty/betrayal foundation served as a positive predictor of willingness to contact Chinese expats. We also found care/harm foundation to be exclusively associated with compassion and promoted willingness to contact with helpers and LGBT people. Our findings highlight the influence of moral foundations, and possibly norms and intergroup dynamics at the societal level in predicting willingness to contact outgroups.
Computed tomography‐determined skeletal muscle density predicts 3‐year mortality in initial‐dialysis patients in China
Authors: Sheng Ming‐jie , Cao Jing‐yuan , Hou Shi‐mei , Li Min , Wang Yao , Fang Qiang , Miao A‐feng , Yang Min , Liu Shu‐su , Hu Chun‐hong , Liu Cui‐lan , Wang Shi‐yuan , Zheng Jing , Xiao Jing‐jie , Zhang Xiao‐liang , Liu Hong , Liu Bi‐cheng , Wang Bin
Published: September 2023

Background

Skeletal muscle mass and quality assessed by computed tomography (CT) images of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level have been established as risk factors for poor clinical outcomes in several illnesses, but the relevance for dialysis patients is unclear. A few studies have suggested a correlation between CT‐determined skeletal muscle mass and quality at the first lumbar vertebra (L1) level and adverse outcomes. Generally, chest CT does not reach beyond L1. We aimed to determine whether opportunistic CT scan (chest CT)‐determined skeletal muscle mass and quality at L1 are associated with mortality in initial‐dialysis patients.

Methods

This 3‐year multicentric retrospective study included initial‐dialysis patients from four centres between 2014 and 2017 in China. Unenhanced CT images of the L1 and L3 levels were obtained to assess skeletal muscle mass [by skeletal muscle index, (SMI), cm2/m2] and quality [by skeletal muscle density (SMD), HU]. Skeletal muscle measures at L1 were compared with those at L3. The sex‐specific optimal cutoff values of L1 SMI and L1 SMD were determined in relation to all‐cause mortality. The outcomes were all‐cause death and cardiac death. Cox regression models were applied to investigate the risk factors for death.

Results

A total of 485 patients were enrolled, of whom 257 had both L1 and L3 images. Pearson's correlation coefficient between L1 and L3 SMI was 0.84 (P < 0.001), and that between L1 and L3 SMD was 0.90 (P < 0.001). No significant association between L1 SMI and mortality was observed (P > 0.05). Low L1 SMD (n = 280, 57.73%) was diagnosed based on the optimal cutoff value (<39.56 HU for males and <33.06 HU for females). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the low L1 SMD group had higher risks of all‐cause death (hazard ratio 1.80; 95% confidence interval 1.05–3.11, P = 0.034) and cardiac death (hazard ratio 3.74; 95% confidence interval 1.43–9.79, P = 0.007).

Conclusions

In initial‐dialysis patients, there is high agreement between the L1 and L3 measures for SMI and SMD. Low SMD measured at L1, but not low SMI, is an independent predictor of both all‐cause death and cardiac death.
Streambank erosion and phosphorus loading to surface waters: Knowns, unknowns, and implications for nutrient loss reduction research and policy
Authors: Margenot Andrew J. , Zhou Shengnan , McDowell Richard , Hebert Thomas , Fox Garey , Schilling Keith , Richmond Shawn , Kovar John L. , Wickramarathne Niranga , Lemke Dean , Boomer Kathy , Golovay Shani
Published: September 2023

To monitor and meet water quality objectives, it is necessary to understand and quantify the contribution of nonpoint sources to total phosphorus (P) loading to surface waters. However, the contribution of streambank erosion to surface water P loads remains unclear and is typically unaccounted for in many nutrient loading assessments and policies. As a result, agricultural contributions of P are overestimated, and a potentially manageable nonpoint source of P is missed in strategies to reduce loads. In this perspective, we review and synthesize the results of a special symposium at the 2022 ASA‐CSSA‐SSSA annual meeting in Baltimore, MD, that focused on streambank erosion and its contributions to P loading of surface waters. Based on discussions among researchers and policy experts, we overview the knowns and unknowns, propose next steps to understand streambank erosion contribution to P export budgets, and discuss implications of the science of streambank erosion for policy and nutrient loss reduction strategies.
Design, synthesis, biological activities, and evaluation of molecular docking‐dynamics studies of new thiosemicarbazones that may be effective against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Conger Neslihan , Osmaniye Derya , Sağlık Begüm Nurpelin , Levent Serkan , Ozkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım
Published: September 2023

Donepezil is one of the most used drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Its activity as an AChE inhibitor makes new studies with these enzyme inhibitors attractive. For this purpose, in this study, 12 compounds including thiosemicarbazone pharmacophore, have been synthesized for the treatment of the Alzheimer's disease. 3,4‐Dimethoxybenzene or 1,3‐benzodioxolone rings were used for the PAS region. The substituted piperazine benzene structure is preferred for the CAS region. At the same time, the thiosemicarbazone pharmacophore structure with known ChE enzyme inhibition potential was used as a bridge connecting the CAS and PAS regions. Structure determination of compounds 3a–3l were revealed using 13C‐NMR, 1H‐NMR, and HRMS spectroscopic methods. The inhibition profile of obtained compounds (3a–3l) against ChE was evaluated using in vitro modified Ellman method. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3f, 3g and 3i exhibited inhibitory activity against the AChE enzyme. Compound 3a showed the highest inhibitory potential with an IC50 = 0.030 ± 0.001 μM. As a result of molecular docking studies, compound 3a displayed important interactions compared to other active derivatives. Molecular dynamics studies are important to see the stability of the complex formed by ligand and protein. RMSD, RMSF ang Rg parameters were calculated via dynamic studies. In conclusion, compound 3a may be a potential AChE enzyme inhibitor with its strong inhibitory potential and behavior in silico.
Trouble with big brother: Counterproductive consequences of electronic monitoring through the erosion of leader‐member social exchange
Authors: Thiel Chase E. , McClean Shawn , Harvey Jaron , Prince Nicholas
Published: September 2023

Changing workplace dynamics have led employers to increasingly adopt electronic monitoring technologies so supervisors can observe and ensure employee compliance and productivity—outcomes the monitoring literature has long supported. Yet, employee productivity depends on strong leader–member social exchange, and the relational consequences of electronic monitoring for supervisor and employee are not well understood. To help resolve this tension within the monitoring literature and add understanding in regard to the effects of electronic monitoring on employee productivity, we use social exchange theory to examine the implications of electronic monitoring for the supervisor–employee exchange relationship. We theorize that electronic monitoring facilitates (rather than inhibits) production deviance and inhibits (rather than facilitates) task performance by undermining the exchange of social benefits and, consequently, eroding leader–member social exchange. Yet, we also hypothesize that supervisors who give performance monitoring data back to employees in a developmental way (i.e., developmental feedback) compensate for the loss of certain social benefits, and, thereby, buffer the negative relational consequences of electronic monitoring. Across an experimental online study and a field study, we find converging support for our predictions and rule out alternative explanations. This research provides timely insights into how to effectively use electronic monitoring without promoting unintended consequences.
Tau in Atypical Parkinsonisms: A Meta‐Analysis of in Vivo PET Imaging Findings
Authors: Mena Anastassia M. , Chen Robert , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel , Martin Sarah L. , Uribe Carme , Strafella Antonio P.
Published: September 2023

Background

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are atypical parkinsonisms (APs) that are classified as tauopathies. Patients with these APs may present with similar early clinical manifestations to Parkinson's disease (PD), but they prove unresponsive to anti‐parkinsonian medications.

Objective

The main objective of this meta‐analysis was to compare first‐ and second‐generation tau PET tracer efficacy in patients with the APs to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers.

Methods

PubMed and Web of Science were searched between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2022. We included case–control studies that were published in English and report tau PET tracer binding as mean ± SD in at least one region of interest (ROI). Differences in tau PET binding values were meta‐analyzed using random‐effects meta‐analytic models and subgroup analyses based on ROIs in the statistical programming language R (version 4.2.1).

Results

Overall, 29 studies with 665 patients were included in the final review. [18F]PI‐2620 outperformed first‐generation tracers when comparing PSP‐HC (g = −1.68, 95% CI: −2.05 to −1.30) and CBD‐HC (g = −1.37, 95% CI: −2.25 to −0.49). When comparing PSP‐PD, the first‐generation tracer, [18F]AV‐1451, presented with higher binding to PSP patients (g = −0.80, 95% CI: −1.24 to −0.35).

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the efficacy of [18F]PI‐2620 PET in imaging AP‐tau. These findings contribute towards identifying a diagnostic imaging biomarker for patients with APs. The main limitation of this study was the heterogeneity of the results. Future studies should conduct AP‐PD comparisons with second‐generation tracers to confirm the preliminary results found here.
Collusion and predation under Cournot competition
Authors: Dargaud Emilie , Menuet Maxime , Sekeris Petros G.
Published: September 2023

This paper studies how predation strategies can affect the sustainability of collusion in a duopoly. Collusion may be sustained at equilibrium for intermediate discount factors. In such instances, predation implies that punishment strategies will yield low subgame perfect payoffs, thereby making collusion easier to sustain. For low discount factors, collusion is not sustainable because of the high incentives to deviate to Cournot–Nash strategies. Moreover, for high discount factors, it is always optimal to predate a colluding firm, thus contrasting with much of the earlier literature showing that collusion is only achievable by sufficiently patient firms.
Angling party persistence and visitation in a recreational Lake Trout fishery: Relative influence of travel distance and fuel costs
Authors: Cowie Emily D. , Ridgway Mark S.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Cormack–Joly–Seber (CJS) mark–recapture analysis was used to estimate the effect of travel distance and fuel costs on angling party persistence (i.e., survival = probability of remaining in the Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush fishery from year-to-year) and visitation (i.e., detection = probability of detection at the access point) over a 14-year period (2006–2019) for the Lake Trout recreational fishery in Lake Opeongo, Ontario, Canada.

Methods

Boat identification numbers, positioned near the bow and present by law, were used as “tags” in the CJS analysis. Complete trip creel interviews at the sole access point provided information on trip characteristics.

Result

The long-term mark–recapture analysis of individual angling parties showed travel distance had a significant negative effect on party persistence among years and visitation within years. The distance effect was strongest for visitation, with visitation having a more negative relationship with distance than persistence. Persistence in the Lake Trout fishery was insensitive to fuel costs while the fuel cost covariate had a small though significant and negative effect on visitation. Time-varying CJS models were ranked low with little model weight indicating the distance effect estimated for Lake Opeongo was a general phenomenon and not year dependent.

Conclusion

Cormack–Joly–Seber mark–recapture analysis cleanly separated effects of travel distance and fuel cost between visitation versus persistence for Lake Trout angling parties. Prior to this analysis, travel costs were typically associated with visiting a recreational fishery, while here we have shown that travel costs can be associated with persisting as anglers in a fishery independent of visitation patterns. Long-term monitoring of angling parties provides unique insights into angling patterns that can aid in travel cost estimation.
CDC Foundation COVID‐19 emergency response programming: Evaluating the equitability and sustainability of emergency‐response partnerships via survey
Authors: Bednar Hailey , McMillan Suzanne , Kittle Alannah , Whitton Alaina , Adeboyejo Ramot , Powell Rachel , Evans Dorothy , Sidibe Turquoise
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The CDC Foundation plays a critical role in public health emergency response through its ability to quickly mobilize funding and support by establishing formal partnerships with grantees and providing rapid resources and technical assistance. Since the activation of the CDC Foundation's Emergency Response Fund for COVID‐19 in January of 2020, the CDC Foundation has funded more than 400 projects addressing various needs that have arisen from the COVID‐19 pandemic with a wide range of partners, including non‐profit organizations, health departments, private organizations, community‐based organizations (CBOs), universities, laboratories, institutes, and educational organizations. The CDC Foundation's emergency response unit disseminated a Partnership Impact Survey to assess grantee partners' experience working with the CDC Foundation in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Study type

Mixed methods, qualitative and quantitative.

Methods

The survey was distributed to 285 grantees and included both quantitative and qualitative information about partnership with the CDC Foundation.

Results

The survey results and evaluation indicate that, through collaboration and feedback mechanisms, the CDC Foundation implemented successful public health partnerships with various partners during the COVID‐19 response, from the private sector to academia to health departments to community‐based organizations.

Conclusion

Survey results show that CDC Foundation‐funded partnerships have made an impact on the sustainability and capacity of partner organizations, and have had a positive impact on local, national, and international efforts to combat the spread and negative effects of COVID‐19.
Squeak and rattle noise prediction in vehicle acoustics
Authors: Rauter Andreas , Utzig Lukas , Weisheit Konrad , Maeder Marcus , Marburg Steffen
Published: September 2023

Squeak and rattle belong to unintended noise audible by occupants of a vehicle. This noise negatively affects the perceived built quality, leading to nonbuying decisions, high warranty costs, and poor brand reputation. Therefore, vehicle manufacturers seek to prevent the emergence of such noise, preferably in the early development phase and during production at the latest. This causes substantial monetary and temporal expenditure, which must be minimized. Rattle is defined as repeated impact. The underlying physical phenomenon is impulsive short‐duration contact normal to the surface. Squeak, in contrast, originates from an in‐contact motion in the tangential direction and is a friction‐induced stick‐slip phenomenon. State‐of‐the‐art numerical squeak and rattle prediction is based on linear analysis resulting in an empirical noise risk index. However, quantification of noise and assessment of audibility is not possible. The reason is the nonlinearity of the contact forces. Hence, the actual system response is not calculable with a linear approach. Mathematically, the nature of both excitation events is nonlinear due to frictional contact and nonsmooth due to short impulsive behavior in time. This makes linear simplification and a solution process in the time domain challenging. Both events appear periodically, leading to an oscillation characterized by fundamental and higher harmonics. Due to this periodic character, squeak and rattle phenomena fulfill the prerequisite for applying the harmonic balance method (HBM) to solve the governing nonlinear equation of motion. The more harmonics considered, the more precise the modeling and the dynamic response prediction. In addition, the alternating frequency/time domain method (AFT) allows for switching between the frequency and the time domain during the iterative solution process. Thus, the nonlinear contact forces can be evaluated in the time domain. The equation‐solving process results in the calculation of surface velocities. This gives way to determining a proxy for the emitted sound power of the oscillatory system. The simulation method based on combining HBM and AFT was validated on test rigs for squeak and rattle noise. The industrial applicability of this simulation approach was demonstrated numerically and experimentally on an actual vehicle part showing promising results. Thereby, important steps in nonlinear structural dynamics and vehicle acoustics were made toward a calm, smooth, and enjoyable ride for vehicle occupants.
Experimental study on the combustion properties of four common engineered bamboo and wood composites
Authors: Cui Zhaoyan , Xu Ming , Tang Siyuan , Shen Yurong , Tu Liuhui
Published: September 2023

Engineered bamboo and wood composites are increasingly utilized in construction due to their eco‐friendly, low‐carbon footprint, and superior mechanical properties. To investigate the effect of heat flux and grain direction on the combustion properties of parallel strand bamboo (PSB), laminated veneer bamboo (LVB), cross‐laminated timber (CLT), and laminated veneer lumber (LVL), a total of 54 specimens in 3 groups were tested through a cone calorimeter. Parameters including the ignition time, heat release rate, mass loss rate, and smoke production rate were investigated. The analytic hierarchy process method was adopted for a multi‐level, qualitative, and quantitative comprehensive fire risk assessment of the corresponding structural materials. The test results reveal that PSB and LVB demonstrated superior performance to the CLT and LVL through the comparison of four combustion characteristics parameters, despite their drawbacks and virtues. The heat flux increases in inverse proportion to the ignition time. As for the heat release rate, the larger peak value is accompanied by an earlier appearance, along with the greater average mass loss rate and the lower smoke rate of engineered bamboo. The peak heat release rate of engineered bamboo composites parallel to the grain is larger than that perpendicular to the grain, whereas other parameters are not significantly influenced by the grain direction. Compared with engineered wood, engineered bamboo composites have the potential to be a safer and more reliable building material in terms of fire risk assessment.

Highlights

Cone calorimeter was used to analyze the combustion properties of materials.

PSB, LVB, CLT, and LVL were studied considering different grain directions.

Analytic hierarchy process method was adopted for a fire risk assessment.

Engineered bamboo has the potential to be a reliable building material.
Meta‐analysis of thermal contact resistance in injection molding: A comprehensive literature review and multivariate modeling
Authors: Masato Davide , Kazmer David , Gruber Andrea
Published: September 2023

This article provides the first multivariate analysis of reported thermal contact resistance (TCR) values from different characterization approaches (injection and compression molding) having missing data. The missing data are estimated by principal components analysis (PCA) with alternating least squares (ALS), and then the main effects are modeled using multiple regressions. Three models of increasing complexity are presented, each of which provides reasonable model fidelity relative to the TCR values reported in the literature. The primary cause of differences between reported TCR values as characterized by injection molding and compression molding can be explained by the melting of the polymer to make intimate contact with the metal mold during processing. Typical values of TCR are on the order of 0.0002 m2K/W, corresponding to heat transfer coefficients of 5000 W/(m2K). The analyses suggest that the TCR decreases significantly with increasing processing temperature and pressure but increases most significantly during cooling with the development of an air gap between the polymer and mold. Accordingly, it is strongly recommended that injection molding simulations incorporate modeling of the TCR as a function of the processing states for accurate prediction of the air gap, residual stresses, shrinkage, and warpage.

Highlights

Multivariate analysis of thermal contact resistance data from the literature.

Sparse data handled by principal component analysis and alternating least square.

Comparison of injection molding and compression molding measurements.

Results suggest thermal contact resistance should be modeled as a function of the processing states.
Evaluation of the effect of erenumab on migraine‐specific questionnaire in patients with chronic and episodic migraine
Authors: Chen Po‐Wei , Karlsson Mats O. , Ueckert Sebastian , Pritchard‐Bell Ari , Hsu Cheng‐Pang , Dutta Sandeep , Ahamadi Malidi
Published: September 2023

Erenumab is a fully human anti‐canonical calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor monoclonal antibody approved for migraine prevention. The Migraine‐Specific Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire (MSQ) is a 14‐item patient‐reported outcome instrument that measures the impact of migraine on health‐related quality of life. Erenumab data from four phase II/III clinical trials were used to develop an item response theory (IRT) model within a nonlinear mixed effects framework, (i) evaluate the MSQ item information with respect to patient disability, (ii) characterize the longitudinal progression of the MSQ, and (iii) quantify the effect of erenumab on the MSQ in patients with migraine. The majority (80%) of information was found to be contained in 9 out of 14 items, extending the current knowledge on the reliability of the MSQ as a psychometric tool. Simulations across three MSQ domains show significant improvement from baseline, exceeding minimally important differences. Overall, the IRT model platform developed herein allows for systematic quantification of the effect of erenumab on the MSQ in patients with migraine.
The two‐sided SPRT sign charts
Authors: Deore Ravindra E. , Mahadik Shashibhushan B. , Godase Dadasaheb G.
Published: September 2023

A two‐sided nonparametric sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) control chart for process location is proposed. The mechanism of this chart is based on the SPRT for location based on the signs of the sequential observations that is extended for a two‐sided alternative hypothesis. Approximate expressions that relate the statistical performance measures of this chart with that of its corresponding one‐sided charts are obtained through a simulation study and are shown to be quite accurate. Furthermore, an approach to design the proposed chart is provided. The statistical performance of the proposed chart is numerically compared to that of the two‐sided Shewhart, cumulative sum, and exponentially weighted moving average sign charts for location and it is observed that in general the proposed chart significantly outperforms these charts for detecting a location shift of any size. An example is provided to illustrate the mechanism of the proposed chart. Also, the chart is extended for monitoring process dispersion.
Entrectinib‐induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in a patient with ROS1‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kato Chiaki , Sekiya Muneyuki , Sekiguchi Ryo , Yamasaki Akira , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Isobe Kazutoshi , Tochigi Naobumi , Shibuya Kazutoshi , Kishi Kazuma
Published: September 2023

A 75‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital because of a productive cough and an abnormal shadow on chest radiography. She was diagnosed as having metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harbouring ROS proto‐oncogene 1 (ROS1). First‐line therapy was instituted with entrectinib 600 mg daily, and a gradual decrease in serum sodium level was noticed on day 6, which deteriorated to Grade 3 hyponatremia on day 12. Despite a partial therapeutic response to entrectinib, she developed fatigue and dizziness, so the drug was withdrawn. The clinical findings and laboratory workup were compatible with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) due to entrectinib. The hyponatremia subsequently improved and entrectinib was resumed at a reduced dose of 400 mg daily, which has been continued to date, with no recurrence of SIADH.
Sputtering and structural modifications induced in silicon dioxide (SiO2) thin films under (10–40 MeV) Auq+heavy ion irradiation
Authors: Mammeri Ster , Salhi Mhamed , Boubir Abir , Msimanga Mandla , Mtshali Christopher , Nkosi Mlungisi
Published: September 2023

Surface sputtering and structural modifications induced in silicon dioxide thin films (SiO2/Si) deposited on silicon substrates and irradiated by swift (10–40 MeV) heavy Auq+(q = +4, +6, +7, and +9) ions were investigated by grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering (RBS) spectrometry and time‐of‐flight elastic recoil detection (ToF‐ERDA) technique. The GIXRD analysis of the as‐deposited and irradiated samples revealed increasing structural modifications of the SiO2thin films under Auq+ion impacts with increasing ion‐beam energy. The changes consisted of decreased grain sizes with increased strain accompanied by a phase transformation from crystalline to amorphous films. RBS analysis showed a decrease in the mean stoichiometric (O/Si) ratio from (2.2 ± 0.1) to (1.7 ± 0.1), due to preferential sputtering of oxygen, as the incident ion energy increased. The obtained RBS‐results were then completed by those of ToF‐ERDA analysis technique using a 40 MeV Au9+heavy ion beam. The preferential sputtering yield ratios (YSi/YO) were determined experimentally both versus electronic stopping power and ion fluence. The obtained results were then compared to numerical values derived from the inelastic thermal spike (i‐TS) model, Sigmund's analytical formula and SRIM simulation code. A good agreement was observed between the measured preferential sputtering data and the i‐TS calculated values, when considering both nuclear elastic and electronic inelastic collision mechanisms. Besides, a close correlation is observed between the electronic stopping power dependent measured sputtering yields and the XRD peak intensity degradation per unit fluence. These observations suggest that the same mechanism of MeV heavy ion‐irradiation induced extended atomic disordering, occurs both in the case of structural modifications and surface sputtering. Finally, the obtained experimental results are discussed on the basis of the i‐TS model.