bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and properties of summer monsoon stationary B,"Operational use of Ozone over .southern Asia: an observational study
Authors: SARA SURANJANA , SAHA K.R.
Published: December 2021

A study of ten-year (1976-1985) mean July climatology of southern Asia and adjoining ocean areas confirms the presence of a well-defined stationary wave, believed to be due mainly to land-sea thermal contrast over the region, in the fields of several meteorological variables. The wave extends laterally over about 10 degrees of latitude with maximum intensity along about 20° N and vertically from surface to about 300 hPa. Its zonal wavelength is about 2000-2500 km and its amplitude in the field of zonal anomaly of temperature and meridional component of wind is 1 oC and 4ms-l respectively. The trough-ridge system of the wave appears to tilt eastward with height from surface to about 700 hPa and westward aloft up to about 300 hPa, while the warmest-coldest anomaly system appears to tilt eastward all the way from surface to about 300 hPa. A phase difference appears to exist between the geopotential and the temperature fields in both the lower and the upper tropospheres. The aforesaid zonal-vertical tilt of the monsoon trough and phase difference between the geopotential and the temperature fields appears to be compatible, through thermal advection, With a direct conversion of eddy available potential energy into eddy kinetic energy via a west-east (clockwise) overturning with warm air rising in the west and cold air sinking in the east in the case of the eastward-tilting lower-tropospheric trough and an east-west (anti-clockwise) overturning with warm air rising in the east and cold air sinking in the west in the case of the westward-tilting middle and upper-tropospheric trough, An enhancement of the thermal advection and hence the vertical circulation may occasionally lead to development of the trough into a I(JW or depression. However, the question of development of the trough and physical factors, which may contribute to such development, needs to be examined by further study.
Some climatological characteristics of relative humidity in Bangladesh
Authors: MOBASSHER A. , SAFIULLAH M. A. , PAUL D. P. , HOQUE M. M.
Published: December 2021

Using climatological data for 30 years (1951-1980) for twelve stations. some characteristics of relative humidity (RH) in Bangladesh have been studied. In doing so, annual variation, spatial distribution, diurnal and annual amplitudes of RH have been investigated. The correlation characteristics of RH between Dhaka and some other stations have been analysed. Finally, the date of beginning and ending and the duration of RH in some defined limits (above 75%, 80% and 85%) have been discussed: An attempt has also been made to explain the cause of temporal and spatial variations from synoptic point of view.
Effect of shelterbelt on the microclimate of the gram (Cicer arietinum) crop
Authors: SINGH RAJ , BISHNOI O. P. , RAO V. U. M. , SINGH DIWAN
Published: December 2021

The shelterbelt influence on the microclimate of gram crop in different intercropping systems comprising of four treatment, viz., pure gram, 1 : 1, 2 : 1 and 4 : 1 gram and raya, was quantified. Albedo varied from 14.8 to 22.6 percent in various treatments with highest value fo 18.3 percent in pure gram treatment, whereas, photosynthetically active radiation absorption was highest in  2 : 1 gram treatment (76%). Maximum reduction (69.2 per cent) in wind speed was observed in  1 : 1 intercropping system at 4h distance from the edge of the shelterbelt in comparison to pure gram field. Relative humidity was 8 to 15 percent less in the sheltered gram as compare to the pure gram, whereas, the average air temperature increased by 1 to 2 C in the sheltered crop over that of the pure gram and this increase was in the range of  9.9 to 12.2 per cent at 4h distance from the edge of shelterbelt. The grass minimum temperature was higher by 0.7degree cent grate in 2 : 1 treatment over that of pure gram during the months of January and February.
Water balance studies in jack
Authors: RUKMANI S. N. , RAJEGOWDA M. B. , RAJU K. R. THIMMA , GOWDA D. M.
Published: December 2021

Water transpired by Jack grown under irrigated and rainfed situations at the University of Agticultura1 Sciences (UAS), Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), Bangalore during the year 1993 has been studied. Irrigated trees transpired 1054.3 mm of water and trees grown under rainfed condition transpired 701.3 mm of water during the period of observation. Two main growth flushes were observed, viz., March last week to May first week and June third week to August first week. In all the trees the first growth flush was observed during the dryspell. The maturity of the fruit got delayed by 20-30 days in the case of irrigated trees.
Statistical interpretation of general circulation model: A prospect for automation of medium range local weather forecast in India
Authors: KUMAR ASHOK , MAINI PARVINDER
Published: December 2021

The General Circulation Models (GCM), though able to provide reasonably good medium range weather forecast. have comparatively less skill in forecasting location-specific weather. This is mainly due to the poor representation of 16cal topography and other features in these models. Statistical interpretation (SI) of GCM is very essential in order to improve the location-specific medium range local weather forecast. An attempt has been made at the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), New Delhi to do this type of objective forecasting. Hence location-specific SI models are developed and a bias free forecast is obtained. One of the techniques for accomplishing this, is the Perfect Prog. Method (PPM). PPM models for precipitation (quantitative, probability, yes/no) and maximum minimum temperature are developed for monsoon season (June to August) for 10 stations in lndia. These PPM models and the output from the GCM (R-40) operational at NCMRWF, are then used to obtain the SI forecast. An indirect method based upon SI forecast and observed values of previous one or two seasons, for getting bias free forecast is explained. A comparative study of skill of bias free SI and final forecast, with the observed, issued from NCMRWF to 10 Agromet Field Units (AMFU) during monsoon season 1993, has indicated that automation of medium range local weather forecast can be achieved with the help of SI forecast.
Simulation of monsoon circulation and cyclones with different types of orography
Authors: ABRAHAM K. ROY , DASH S. K. , MOHANTY U. C.
Published: December 2021

In this study a number of sensitivity experiments have been conducted with different types of orography in the ECMWF spectral General Circulation Model (GCM). The basic aim is to simulate the large scale features of the Indian summer monsoon and the movement of cyclones. Different types of digital filters have been used to represent the orography as close to the observed values as possible. A comparative study shows that the Lanczos filter gives the best results. Thus, the Lanczos filter has been used in subsequent sensitivity experiments. One cyclone over the Bay of Bengal during pre-monsoon month of May, and another during the must active month of August have been selected for numerical experiments.

The large scale features of the monsoonal rainfall were found to be close to those observed, when  standard deviation envelope orography was used. After 3 days of model integration, the rainfall distribution improved compared to the initial stages of integration. Although the predicted cyclone followed the observed track, the rate of movement was very sluggish. There was slight deepening of the systems with an increase of orography The movement of the systems was also found to be slightly faster with the enhancement of orography.
Water extraction pattern and transpirational losses of peach trees Under well-watered and drying cycles
Authors: SAMUI R.P. , FARLAND M.J. Mc , WORTHINGTON J.W.
Published: December 2021

Mature peach trees [Prunus Persica (L.) Batsch] grown in weighing lysimeters were subjected to soil moisture stress by shutting off irrigation. Initially transpiration (T) was at potential rate when available soil moisture in the active root zone was near field capacity. Rapid changes in soil moisture under drying cycles caused gradual decrease in transpirational rate. When 0 to 60 cm soil layer reached permanent wilting point, there was a sharp decline in water use. Mature peach trees require barest minimum of 10  mm of water for their metabolic activity. A regression model has been developed to estimate transpirational loss of peach from available soil profile water.
Turbulent kinetic energy balance in the atmospheric surface layer over a tropical region
Authors: PADMANABHAMURTY B. , CHAKRABORTY PIALI
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT. The various tenns of the turbulent kinetic energy budget in the surface layer over Jodhpur, India have been worked out and compared with established similarity relations. The turbulent production and dissipation tend to balance under moderately unstable conditions for most of the runs considered for investigation.
Climatic impact on atmospheric turbidity at some Indian stations
Authors: SINGH DEVENDRA , MUKHOPADHYAY B. , SRIVASTAVA H. N.
Published: December 2021

Data from four Indian BAPMoN stations in different climatic regions were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) for the evaluation of climatic impact upon turbidity.  Spectral analysis (FFT) of the data for these stations has helped to bring out the sub-seasonal, seasonal and annual cycles. It is found that the atmospheric turbidity is predominantly controlled by climatic factors through surface fluxes, transport of dust or rain washout and is mainly a lower tropospheric phenomenon. The performance of the PCA regression model is found satisfactorily in reproducing the annual cycle and long period variations.
Some aspects of daily rainfall distribution over a high range river basin in central Kerala
Authors: JAYASREE V. , KUMAR K.G. ANIL
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT. The daily rainfall distribution of twelve stations in the Chalakudy river basin of central Kerala is studied. Normalised rainfall curve (NRC) is constructed and various parameters of the daily rainfall distribution are derived. The number of rainy days and mean rain intensities at each 10% rain amounts are calculated from the NRC. It has been found that the coefficient of variation (CY) is the most important parameter of the daily rainfall distribution which determines the shape of NRC. Frequency distribution of CY values reveals that the CY is highest in the range of 100-120%. Rainfall contributions by non-rainy days and significant rainfall days are calculated. About half of the seasonal rainfall which contributes 80% of the total rainfall are of low intensity. However, the remaining 20% due to higher intensity rainfall are of considerable significance for floods, erosion, etc.
Radial and vertical velocity field in a steady state symmetric tropical storm
Authors: MANDAL J.C.
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT. A method to construct a consistent structure of steady state symmetric tropical storms from a few known values of temperature anomaly in the centre and around it has been developed. The role of kinematic eddy coefficient of viscosity in producing the transverse circulation in a tropical storm has been tested and discussed. The well known features and characteristics of a tropical storm, such as, eyewall, sinking motion, inside the eyewall, low-level radial inflow and high level outflow are well produced in the model. The computation shows that there is an increase of transverse circulation with increase of the magnitude of eddy coefficient. In the boundary layer, the vertical eddy coefficient plays more important role than the radial eddy coefficient; while in the upper layer the latter is much more important than the former. It has also been found that in absence of radial exchange coefficient, there can be no sinking motion in the central region of the storm. The magnitude of radial and vertical wind in the eye region is more sensitive to the variation of radial eddy coefficient. In addition to the eddy coefficients, transverse circulations also depend upon the tangential wind distribution above the boundary layer.
Deterministic methods for prediction of tropical cyclone tracks
Authors: MOHANTY U.C. , GUPTA AKHILESH
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT. The paper presents a state-of-art review of different objective techniques available for tropical cyclone track prediction. A brief description of current theories of tropical cyclone motion is given. Deterministic models with statistical and dynamical methods have been discussed. Recent advances in the understanding of cyclone structure and motion aspects have led to improved prediction of tropical cyclones. There has been considerable progress in the field of prediction by dynamical methods. High resolution Limited Area Models (LAM) as well as Global Circulation Models (GCM) are now being used extensively by most of the leading operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) centres in the world The major achievements towards improvement of such models have come from improved horizontal resolution of the models, inclusion of physical processes, use of synthetic and other non-conventional data in the data assimilation schemes and nudging method for initial matching of analysed cyclone centres with corresponding observations.

A brief description of further improvement in deterministic approach for prediction of tropical cyclone tracks is outlined.
Secondary convective rings in an intense asymmetric cyclone of the Bay or Bengal
Authors: GUPTA AKHILESH , MOHANTY U. C.
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT. The severe cyclonic storm with a core of hurricane winds of 4-11 May 1990, which crossed the Indian east coast near Machilipatnarn (Andhra Pradesh), was one of the most intense cyclones in recent years over the Bay of Bengal region of the north Indian Ocean. The storm reported the minimum sea level pressure of 912 hPa, the lowest observed value for any cyclone in the region. The storm exhibited certain interesting structural characteristics. The most striking  feature observed was the formation of secondary convective rings wrapped around the primary eyewall. These features were observed for nearly two days by four cyclone detection radars (CDR) located on the east coast of India. The paper presents an analysis of these features. We find that the double eye-wall structure of the storm has undergone a repetitive cycle characterized by the contraction of the outer eyewall and the weakening of the inner eyewall during the life of the cyclone. These interesting characteristics are observed for the first time in the north Indian Ocean for any cyclone. Some of the related aspects of double eyewall features, such as, the possible role of double eyewall structure on the recurvature or turning of the storm and the effect of land obstacle in the development of a secondary eyewall are discussed.
Application of Game Theory to Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Brown Nicholas M. , Killen Cameron J. , Schneider Andrew M.
Published: December 2021

Game theory is branch of mathematical economics that pertains to decision-making and is a conceptual framework for explaining and predicting situational outcomes.
1
In game theory, the games are simplified abstractions of real-life scenarios but often accurately predict human decision-making. The principles of game theory have been applied to a wide range of disciplines including government policy, international relations, sport and military strategy, and evolutionary biology.
1,2
This article will examine some of the classic games and explore their applications to orthopaedic surgery.
Comparison of Existing and New Total Knee Arthroplasty Implant Systems From the Same Manufacturer: A Prospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Hamilton William G. , Brenkel Ivan J. , Barnett Steven L. , Allen Paul W. , Dwyer Kimberly A. , Lesko James P. , Kantor Stephen R. , Clatworthy Mark G.
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

This study evaluated total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes for an Existing-TKA versus New-TKA from the same manufacturer.

Methods:

TKA outcomes for 752 with Existing-TKA versus 1129 subjects with New-TKA were followed through 2 years using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Responders were assessed per Outcome Measures in Rheumatology-Osteoarthritis Research Society International criteria. Kaplan-Meier implant survivorship was estimated. Radiographs had an independent radiographic review.

Results:

Two-year follow-up was 84.6% (636/752) for Existing-TKA and 82.5% (931/1129) for New-TKA. Two-year PROMs mean outcomes for New-TKA versus Existing-TKA at 2 years were: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (ADL: 89.0 versus 86.8, P = 0.005; pain: 88.9 versus 87.1, P = 0.019; symptoms: 84.1 versus 82.2, P = 0.017; Sport/Rec: 63.9 versus 58.8, P = 0.001; and QOL: 77.0 versus 73.5, P = 0.003), Patient's Knee Implant Performance (overall: 76.5 versus 73.5, P = 0.003; confidence: 8.4 versus 8.1, P = 0.004; stability: 8.6 versus 8.3, P = 0.006; satisfaction: 8.3 versus 8.1, P = 0.042; and modifying activities: 6.6 versus 6.4, P = 0.334), Oxford Knee Score (41.9 versus 41.1, P = 0.027), and EQ5D-3L (0.88 versus 0.88, P = 0.737). Two-year responder rates using WOMAC were 93.9% versus 90.6% (P = 0.018) for New-TKA versus Existing-TKA. Independent radiographic review showed that tibial and femoral radiolucencies ≥2 mm were similar (P ≥ 0.05) or favored New-TKA. Implant survivorship was similar between groups (log-rank P = 0.9994).

Discussion:

New-TKA versus Existing-TKA demonstrated slightly better PROMs with similar radiographic and implant survivorship outcomes.
Solid-State Laser at 914 nm With Narrow Linewidth for Frequency Standard Based on Cool Magnesium Atoms
Authors: Shilov Aleksandr , Goncharov Andrey , Bonert Anatoliy
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we present the results of investigations aimed at the creation of a single-frequency Nd:YVO4 laser at 914 nm with smooth frequency tuning. An 8W diode laser is used for pumping. The output power of the laser in the cw mode is 300 mW, and the radiation linewidth is less than 250 kHz. The use of this laser as a source of probe radiation at 457 nm for the optical frequency standard based on the 1 S03P1 intercombination line of magnesium atoms cooled and captured in a magneto-optical trap holds much promise.
Study of the Influence of Pulse Infrared Radiation on Optical and Hemolysis Resistant Properties of Erythrocytes
Authors: Avrorov Pavel , Chesnokov Evgeny , Tsvetovskaya Galina , Chikova Elena , Maltsev Valeriy , Chernyshev Andrey
Published: December 2021

Resistance to hemolysis of erythrocytes in lysing isotonic water solution of ammonium chloride becomes apparent in the dynamics of the change of their optical properties. Optical properties of erythrocytes were registered on light scattering from single cells with a scanning flow cytometer. It was shown experimentally during hemolysis the dynamics of the change of the integral intensity of light scattering of erythrocytes is different for irradiated and non-irradiated human blood. Qualitatively, the effect is similar for the both sources of pulse radiation: at the beginning of hemolysis the mean integral intensity of irradiated erythrocytes is increasing more than that is of non-irradiated ones. Quantitatively, at the same mean power density the interrupted irradiation of CO2 laser caused greater effect than continuous one, but less than pulsed terahertz irradiation, i.e. the effect is greater for shorter pulse. On the base of the obtained results one can suggest that the observed effect on pulse infrared radiation of low mean power caused by unsteady heating of erythrocytes.
Phenanthrene Crystals Fluorescence Under High-Pressure and Shear
Authors: Politov Anatoliy , Chupakhin Alexey
Published: December 2021

Investigations of crystalline phenanthrene in the Bridgman diamond anvils under pressure up to 5,0 GPa and simultaneous shear caused by optical microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were carried out. It’s proven that phenanthrene fluorescence spectrums are reversibly changed under high pressure. The phenanthrene vibrational structure of lines disappears similar to the one of the anthracene. Dimerization or any other irreversible changes under combination of high pressure and shear in phenanthrene, unlike anthracene, were not observed.
Portable Epilepsy Seizure Warning and Emergency Response Armband Design
Authors: Ciklacandir Samet , Isler Yalcin
Published: December 2021

Epilepsy, also known as Sara in Turkish, is a neurological disorder that is very common in the community. It can have an impact as significant on the quality of life of individuals and cause injury or fatal consequences. The most important symptom of epilepsy is the patient's seizures. In case of seizure, changes in consciousness, behaviour, sensation in motor movements and autonomic functions are observed. As a result, involuntary contractions and movements occur. Epilepsy is a generally unknown disorder in populations with first aid deficiency. Various non-medical interventions are applied during the patient's seizure and these wrong practices adversely affect the life of the patient. Therefore, it should be known by the people around it how the emergency intervention should be done during an epileptic seizure. In this study, a medical device was designed to alert people to epileptic patients during seizures and tell them what to do. With this device, people around the person having an epileptic seizure will be told what should be done with the sound warnings from the device and the patient will be able to survive the seizure in a healthy.
Design and Implementation of Digital Filters for ECG Data Based on Field Programmable Gate Array and MATLAB
Authors: Cancioglu Emre , Cakiroglu Gokberk , Gokcen Alkim , Altanay Yilmaz Sefa
Published: December 2021

This study provides design and implementation of four digital filters (low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop) for ECG (electrocardiogram) data on FPGA with MATLAB by a serial communication. The study is conducted with using ECG data which is obtained from PhysioBank Database platform. SysGen (System Generator for DSP) which is a toolbox for MATLAB is used for designing and implementing the digital filters. The aim of the study is to perform four different digital filters with various blocks on the SysGen Toolbox. The study then examines the results of four different digital filters.
Determination of Tumor Boundaries in FLAIR Sequence MR Image with Different Image Segmentation Algorithms
Authors: Ozic Muhammet Usame , Gunes Cansu , Avci Ahmet
Published: December 2021

Tumors are undesired tissue disorders that occur in many different parts of the body. These disorders can be either benign or malignant depending on their type. Brain tumors are non-brain structures that are frequently encountered in neurology. These structures negatively affect daily life by disrupting the functional centers of the person with respect to their region in the brain. Determining certain boundaries of tumor areas in radiology is an important parameter for treatment and diagnosis. In this study, segmentation of the tumor region on FLAIR sequence MR image taken from the BRATS database has been tried with seven different image processing algorithms. Segmentation performances of algorithms have been determined by using dice and jaccard indexes.
Do I really have to Teach them to Read and Write? Education Equity Mindset and Teaching Literacy across the College Curriculum
Authors: Nadelson Louis S. , Baldwin Amy , Martin Amanda , Novy Ron , Pachlhofer Keith , Powell Kevin , Shaw Erin , Thompson Amy , Whittingham Jeff
Published: December 2021

Reading and writing are fundamental skills students need to succeed in college, making literacy development an issue of education equity. The literacy skills can be content-specific, indicating faculty members across disciplines need to support student development of appropriate literacy skills. The extent to which faculty members support student literacy development is likely associated with their literacy-focused education equity mindset. The goal of our research was to document the mindset of faculty members across multiple disciplines. We gathered a combination of quantitative and qualitative data from 345 college faculty members using a survey. We found variations in the mindset strength between disciplines by the number of students taught, gender, and age. Overall, the faculty members held a moderate literacy-focused education equity mindset. The findings have implications for student inclusion, retention, and completion.
The impact of telemedicine on the quality and satisfaction with the health care provided during the COVID-19 pandemic in the field of pediatrics with special reference to the surgical professions
Authors: Bašković Marko
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced healthcare systems around the world to adopt telemedicine at an unprecedented rate.
Visits to telemedicine have increased to provide access and maintain continuity of care. Internet access has almost become
a necessity, and new technologies allow for the easy flow of data from patient to doctor and vice versa. Doctors of all specialties
were forced to adapt to the pandemic and emerging conditions. The provision of surgical services and the learning ability of
surgeons are particularly disrupted, and the pediatric surgical community is not exempt. During the pandemic, telemedicine
proved to be a viable and safe technique for providing health services. In an environment of a health system that is constantly
facing a shortage of resources, effective telemedicine placement can come with a high benefit-cost ratio and quality of care,
while ensuring patient satisfaction.
Directions of the development of judicature of the Supreme Court in cases regarding real estate in 2020 (pt II)
Authors: Zaradkiewicz Kamil
Published: December 2021

The article constitutes the second part of a review of judicature of the Supreme Court in 2020. It presents fundamental theses and motifs regarding the issue of real estate trade in rulings issued by the Civil Law Division of the Supreme Court, mostly concerning individual limited property rights, ownership, land registers and reprivatisation (of Warsaw lands on the basis of the Decree on Ownership and Usufruct of Land in the Area of the Capital of Warsaw of 26 October 1945). The review particularly presents the most imperative theses on the effects of joint inheritance of property by the entitled to easements, the acquisition of a quasi-transmission easement, (easement appurtenant that corresponds with transmission easement in terms of content), inter-temporal matters associated with settling mortgages, but also notions of real estate prescription.
Modern legal solutions in Estonia's judicial land registers as an example of effective use of IT instruments as well as IT and legal cooperation
Authors: Rękawek - Pachwicewicz Marta
Published: December 2021

In search of interesting legal solutions related to the modern and effective functioning of legal land registers, the author draws attention to IT solutions used in Estonia, which has been one of the most technologically advanced countries in Europe for over fifteen years. This solution can be treated as an exemplary solution in the search for an idea for the organizational and legal strategy of the next stages of informatization of court registers.
The study briefly describes the history of the development of land e-registers, with particular emphasis on legislative and technical solutions that allow for the comprehensive digitization of the application process for entry, the use of digital documents and e-archives, with an emphasis on the elimination of the paper form of land and mortgage registers. In the further part of the study, reference was made to the e-Notariat and Immovable Portal solutions, using the X-Road as operating system, which helps to exchange, check and update data. These innovations in Estonian land register translate, among others, into for regular ex officio updating of entries including factual data on real estate and data included in the population register (e.g. change of the surname of the owner in a legal event such as a marriage).
The summary of the analysis is the assessment which shows that Estonia is a very good model in searching for ideas to improve the functioning of land register in Poland, however, one should take into account the differences related to the level of technological advancement or the area of the state. The susceptibility to cyber-attacks, which also target e-Estonia, is not without significance, which follows computerization and Internet addiction in the public sphere. Therefore, the harmonious development of cybersecurity is also important. It is necessary to balance the proportions between following the registers with the expectations of society and the spirit of the times, and the security of public data.
Budynki plombowe w zabudowie śródmiejskiej
jako element rewitalizacji miast górnośląskich. Część 1.
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: December 2021

Na przykładach sześciu własnych projektów budynków plombowych
i dwóch prac dyplomowych wykonanych pod kierunkiem autora pokazano występujące
w analizowanych projektach rozwiązania funkcjonalne, przestrzenne oraz konstrukcyjne charakterystyczne dla tego typu zabudowy. Projekty te powstały w latach 1986–2014 jako element trwającego procesu rewitalizacji miast regionu. Zaznaczono wielofunkcyjny charakter prezentowanych budynków. Podkreślono specyficzne cechy tego typu obiektów. Wynikają one z lokalizacji na niewielkich działkach, konieczności uwzględnienia zaleceń konserwatorskich, a także konieczności indywidualnego projektowania konstrukcji budynków celem dostosowania do sąsiadującej zabudowy. Celem artykułu jest określenie swoistych cech kształtowania budynków plombowych oraz znaczenia urbanistycznych i konserwatorskich uwarunkowań ich projektowania w śródmiejskiej strukturze miast na Górnym Śląsku.
VERTICAL AND SLOPED BANK EFFECTS ON DIFFERENT SHIP TYPES
Authors: Su Dong-Taur
Published: December 2021

The Author describes how the bank effects that occur when a ship sails in confined waters can be studied with a numerical method. Being involved in the Knowledge Centre “Manoeuvring in Shallow & Confined Water” (Ghent University & Flanders Hydraulics Research, Antwerp, Belgium), we have read the paper with interest.
RESPONSE OF A HIGH-SPEED WAVE-PIERCING CATAMARAN TO AN ACTIVE RIDE CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: AlaviMehr J , Davis M R , Lavroff J , Holloway D S , Thomas G A
Published: December 2021

Ride control systems on high-seed vessels are an important design features for improving passenger comfort and reducing motion sickness and dynamic structural loads. To investigate the performance of ride control systems a 2.5m catamaran model based on the 112m INCAT catamaran was tested with an active centre bow mounted T-Foil and two active stern mounted trim tabs. The model was set-up for towing tank tests in calm water to measure the motions response to ride control step inputs. Heave and pitch response were measured when the model was excited by deflections of the T-Foil and the stern tab separately. Appropriate combinations of the control surface deflections were then determined to produce pure heave and pure pitch response. This forms the basis for setting the gains of the ride control system to implement different control algorithms in terms of the heave and pitch motions in encountered waves. A two degree of freedom rigid body analysis was undertaken to theoretically evaluate the experimental results and showed close agreement with the tank test responses. This work gives an insight into the motions control response and forms the basis for future investigations of optimal control algorithms.
APPLICATION OF INTERVAL TYPE-2 FUZZY SETS DEMATEL METHODS IN MARITIME TRANSPORTATION: THE CASE OF SHIP COLLISION
Authors: Celik E , Akyuz E
Published: December 2021

Accident analyse in marine industry is one of the critical issues for safety practitioners to prevent loss of life. Although considerable efforts were undertaken to prevent marine accident, numerous researches revealed that marine accidents are still on-going. In order to minimize accidents in the marine transportation, this paper presents a proactive decision- making tool which is integrating Decision-Making Trail and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method with interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs). As the DEMATEL enables to analyse cause and effect relationship in decision-making, the IT2FSs overcome ambiguity and vagueness of linguistic assessment of decision-makers through the DEMATEL. Thus, significant accident causal factors and their effects can be analysed on the basis of cause-effect diagram. The application of proposed approach is demonstrated with a real ship collision case. Beside its theoretical contribution, the proposed approach provides practical benefits to ship owners and operators to perceive cause and effect relationship and to avoid marine accident.
CFD-BASED SIMULATION OF THE FLOW AROUND A SHIP IN OBLIQUE MOTION AT LOW SPEED
Authors: Chen J , Zou Z J , Chen M , Wang H M
Published: December 2021

Ships tend to maneuver in oblique motion at low speed in situations such as turning in a harbor, or during offloading, dynamic positioning and mooring processes. The maneuverability criteria proposed by IMO are valid for ships sailing with relatively high speeds and small drift angles, which are inadequate to predict ship maneuverability in low speed condition. Hydrodynamic performance of ships maneuvering at low speed is needed to know for safety issues. A CFD-based method is employed to predict the flow around an Esso Osaka bare hull model in oblique motion at low speed, where the drift angle varies from 0° to 180°. The URANS method with the SST k-ω model is used for simulating ship flows with drift angles 0°~30° and 150°~180°, and DES method for simulating ship flows with drift angles 40°~150°. Verification and validation studies are conducted for drift angles of 0° and 70°. The vortex structures at typical drift angles of 0°, 30°, 50°, 70°, 90° and 180° are analyzed. The effects of drift angle and ship speed are demonstrated.
NUMERICAL STUDY ON NOX EMISSION REDUCTION MECHANISM OF HCCI MARINE DIESEL ENGINE FOR IMO TIER III EMISSION LIMITS
Authors: Li B , Gao H T
Published: December 2021

With the advantages of ultra-low emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and high thermal efficiency, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode applied to marine diesel engine is expected to be one of the technical solutions to meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) MARPOL73/78 Convention-Annex VI Amendment Tier III requirement. According to the NOX chemical reaction mechanism, taking a marine diesel engine as the application object, the numerical study on the NOX formation characteristics of n-heptane for HCCI combustion process is performed. The results indicate that NO is usually the main component in the generation and emissions of NOX with the n-heptane HCCI mode. The combustor temperature plays more important role in the proportion of NO generation and emission. Compared with the experimental data of conventional marine diesel engine, the emission reduction rate of NOX can achieve an average of more than 95% in using HCCI technology.
SLIDING MODE BASED PREDICTIVE CONTROLLER OF A SPHEROIDAL UNDERWATER VEHICLE
Authors: Prasad M P R , Swarup A
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on hydrodynamic modeling and control of spheroidal underwater vehicle. The vehicle considered in this paper is appendage free and unstable. Water jet propulsion system is used in this vehicle. The dynamics of the vehicle is highly unstable due to munk moment. The spheroidal shape underwater robot is used in nuclear reactor inspection, port security inspection, defence and ocean surveillance where external appendages are not required. A new and innovative control technique, Sliding mode based model predictive control is introduced in this paper. Sliding mode control technique is used to stabilize the vehicle and once the vehicle model is stabilized it is easy to apply Model Predictive Control (MPC). Model Predictive control technique is used to control the heading of spheroidal underwater vehicle. Simulation results show that the Sliding mode based predictive control performance is better than simple PD control and state feedback controller.
MANAGING INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH BETWEEN ACADEMICS, INDUSTRIES, AND POLICY MAKERS IN UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF BIOFOULING IN SHIP HULL TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS
Authors: Nugroho B , Ganapathisubramani B , Utama I K A P , Suastika I K , Prasetyo F A , Yusuf M , Tullberg M , Monty J P , Hutchins N
Published: December 2021

This report documents a large scale joint research project with the aim of improving the efficiency of ship operations and management by providing a methodology and technology that can quantify the emission and fuel usage penalty due to bio-fouling on ship hull. This can be obtained through better understanding of turbulent boundary layer flows over rough surfaces that cause skin friction drag. Here six different institutions from four countries (Australia, Denmark, Indonesia, and UK) that consist of universities, a passenger ship company, a manufacturer of anti-fouling coatings, and the Indonesian Classification Society are formed. They represent three fields, namely: academic, industrial, and an independent party that supports policy makers. Each of them has different objectives and interests that are interconnected. The research collaboration uses an in-situ laser-based measurement technique of the water flow over the hull of an operating ship combined with under-water image-based surface scanning techniques. The shipboard experiments are accompanied by detailed laboratory experiments to provide further validation. This paper will discuss the importance and challenges of managing such collaboration and the significance of satisfying individual objectives from each three fields in order to achieve the overarching aim.
SAFE MOORING OF LARGE CONTAINER SHIPS AT QUAY WALLS SUBJECT TO PASSING SHIP EFFECTS
Authors: Van Zwijnsvoorde T , Vantorre M
Published: December 2021

Container traffic and individual ships’ sizes increased dramatically over the last decades, testing the existing harbour infrastructure to its limits. An important aspect regarding the safety of the berthed vessel is the quality of the mooring configuration. A case study is presented, where an 18000 TEU container vessel is moored at a quay. The motions of the moored vessel and the forces in its lines due to ship passages are simulated, using the potential software ROPES and the UGent in-house package Vlugmoor. Focus is on the mooring plan (operational parameter) and the characteristics of the individual lines (design parameter).
REGULATORY APPROACHES LEADING TO HOLISTIC IMPLEMENTATION IN A FISHING VESSEL FLEET LESS THAN 24 M IN LENGTH
Authors: Núñez Sánchez M J , Pérez Rojas L
Published: December 2021

Fishing is a very dangerous sea activity with a high rate of fatalities that is difficult to deal with by Maritime and Fisheries Administrations around the world. Meanwhile the Ocean Governance requires a global approach to sustainability and safety, with overarching principles governing both of them. This paper deals for the first time with the implementation of a complete methodology to assess the safety at sea, by means of a bottom-up goal based standards with safety level approach, encompassing the national regulations and using formal safety assessment as the driver in a fishing vessel fleet below 24 m in length (L). It is concluded that such methodologies are applicable, goal based regulations can be established, flexibility in the design can be provided and have the potential to be later extrapolated to holistic approaches.
AN ICOR APPROACH TOWARDS SHIP MAINTENANCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Bayer D , Aydın O , Celik M
Published: December 2021

Ship maintenance is one of the key processes to improve system performance and reliability onboard. Maintenance onboard ships is required to be performed in a planned manner because safe and efficient operation of a ship is very much depending on equipment reliability in operational level. A planned maintenance system (PMS), mainly supported with software, is established to monitor the maintenance implementations on board ships. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of onboard maintenance and limited with the procedures and specific softwares employed for the maintenance on board. Specifically, the process analysis approach is developed to execute the existing ship PMS phases based on four dimensions such as input, control, output, resources (ICOR). Besides the critical points to be improved in ship maintenance, this research reveals recommendations to increase the functionality of selected software in terms of workload balance, smart scheduling and safe working environment. To demonstrate the functional improvements, an illustrative case study on an auxiliary diesel generator maintenance routines are conducted. The contributions of the study are expected in both ship operations management and marine software development.
A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT EARLY STAGE OFF-THE-SHELF NAVAL VESSEL ACQUISITIONS
Authors: Morris B A , Cook S C , Cannon S M
Published: December 2021

This paper describes a research programme to construct a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methodology that supports acquiring organisations in the early stages of Off-the-Shelf (OTS) naval vessel acquisitions. A structured approach to design and requirements definition activities has been incorporated into the methodology to provide an easily implemented, reusable approach that supports defensible acquisition of OTS naval vessels through traceability of decisions. The methodology comprises two main parts. Firstly, a design space is developed from the capability needs using Set-Based Design principles, Model-Based Conceptual Design, and Design Patterns. A key idea is to employ Concept and Requirements Exploration to trim the design space to the region of OTS designs most likely to meet the needs. This region can be used to specify Request for Tender (RFT) requirements. Secondly, the methodology supports trades-off between the OTS design options proposed in the RFT responses using a multi-criteria decision making method. The paper includes an example implementation of the methodology for an indicative Offshore Patrol Vessel capability.
URANS PREDICTION OF THE SLAMMING COEFFICIENTS FOR PERFORATED PLATES DURING WATER ENTRY
Authors: Zhang W , Chai S , Nguyen H , Jin Y
Published: December 2021

The slamming coefficients for perforated plates of various perforation ratios and layout configurations were predicted using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) solver STAR-CCM+. The numerical model was validated by comparing with experimental measurements of slamming coefficient for a circular cylinder. The slamming coefficients and free surface profiles of perforated plates were then predicted at full-scale. It was found the air compressibility plays an important role by studying flat plate water entry phenomena. For perforated plates with small gap length/width ratios, the ability of the trapped air to evacuate through the space between the bottom of the plate and free surface is similar. For perforated plates with different gap number at a fixed perforation ratio, the slamming coefficient is increased with the increase in gap length/width ratio. However, a further increase in length/width ratio may impose a negative impact on the escape of trapped air due to the increase of gap number.
REINFORCEMENT OF AGEING SHIP STRUCTURES
Authors: Chichì D , Garbatov Y
Published: December 2021

The objective of the present study is to investigate the possibility to recover the ultimate strength of a rectangular steel plate with a manhole shape opening subjected to a uniaxial compressive load and non-uniform corrosion degradation reinforced by additional stiffeners. Finite element analyses have been carried out to verify the possible design solutions. A total of four finite element models are generated, including 63 sub-structured models. The non-uniform corrosion has been generated by the Monte Carlo simulation. The reinforcement process covers three scenarios that include mounting of two longitudinal stiffeners, two longitudinal and two transverse stiffeners and the flange on the opening. The positioning of the stiffeners has also been studied. A total of 10 cases has been selected and tested for the numerical experiment. Three different assessments have been performed to evaluate the ultimate strength, weight and cost. Two additional studies on the effect of the plate thickness and slenderness have been also carried out.
VIRTUAL HULL MONITORING: CONTINUOUS FATIGUE ASSESSMENT WITHOUT ADDITIONAL INSTRUMENTATION
Authors: Thompson I M
Published: December 2021

A novel technique to monitor hull stresses using data currently collected on most ships is explored. This technique, referred to herein as virtual hull monitoring, uses global position signals, measured or numerically-modelled wave data, and a database of calculated stress transfer functions. This enables monitoring of short-term stress states and corresponding fatigue damage accumulation for many structural locations, either onboard or at a central location, for an entire fleet. The components, benefits, and limitations of this proposed technique are discussed. Wave buoy and strain gauge measurements from a full-scale naval vessel trial are used in comparisons with hindcast wave data and the calculated stress spectra for one structural location. Close agreement between the wave data sources and corresponding stress spectra warrants further examination of virtual hull monitoring. ￼
DRY-DOCKING TIME AND LABOUR
Authors: Dev A K , Saha M
Published: December 2021

The duration of stay of a ship in a drydock depends on the scope of routine underwater (submerged portion of the ship’s hull) repairing works (dry-docking works only) to be carried out. More specifically, the repairing works that are affected by outside water. These are, mainly, hull cleaning, coating (blasting and painting), rudder, propeller, stern tube aft seal, hull anodes, ICCP, sea valves, sea chests, tunnel thruster(s), bottom plugs, underwater structural steel (bottom and shipside) and so on. These dry-docking works dictate ships’ dry-docking time (days) and labour (man-days). Then what about the deadweight, age and type? Do these have any impact on dry-docking time and labour? An attempt has been made in this article to examine if there exist any possible relationship between a ships’ dry-docking time and its labour, and deadweight, age and type. Dry-docking time and related information for 586 cargo ships and dry-docking labour and related information for 50 cargo ships of various deadweights, ages and types were collected from a single shipyard. These were analyzed and presented in both tabular and graphical forms to demonstrate the possible relationship between dry-docking time and labour, and deadweight, age and type of ships. Ships’ dry-docking time and labour are very vital for both the ship owner and the shipyard because various charges in drydock are many folds higher than that at quay- side. As such, the reduction in ships’ dry-docking time and labour contributes in saving for the ship owner and increases the earning for the shipyard. A proper estimation of ships’ dry-docking time and labour can achieve this. In order to do so, the past information/data about ships’ dry-docking time and labour may serve a practical guide to prepare an achievable time and labour planning for dry-docking works. In this article, the authors have attempted to identify the independent variables that influence ships’ dry-docking time and labour (dependent variables) and suggested their possible inter-relationships. The inter-relationships between the independent variables (deadweight, age and type) and dependent variables (time and labour) appear to be linear.