bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of smart technologies in oceanography and bathymetry
Authors: BOSNEAGU R
Published: November 2023

Oceanography and bathymetry are two interrelated fields that play an essential role in the maritime industry. Smart technologies are increasingly used in oceanography and bathymetry to collect and analyze data, improve predictive models, and increase the efficiency of operations. Autonomous underwater robots and vehicles are being used to collect data from the deep sea and to carry out underwater missions in areas inaccessible to humans. Data collected by such robots and autonomous underwater vehicles are processed using artificial intelligence and machine learning to provide accurate information about the underwater environment. This article presents the achievements of the RomanianNorwegian team in the MARINTECH project, Romanian - Norwegian Strategic Cooperation in Maritime Higher Education for the enhancement of human capital and knowledge base in the field of marine intelligent technologies.
Analysis of Electronic Chart and Information Display, Ship Identification Systems and Radar in Order to Increase the Energy Efficiency of a Maritime Vessel
Authors:   Military Technical Academy, ASALOMIA B
Published: November 2023

This paper puts into discussion the navigation integrated deck and its components. The role of AIS (Automatic Identification System) is presented. The radar with its characteristics is analyzed and starting from the block diagram, a characterization of its role within the integrated deck is carried out. An IT model for navigation radar and ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) was developed.
IMPACT OF HONEY DRESSING ON CHRONIC ULCER
Authors:   Silchar Medical College and Hospital., Singh Sushant , Singha Debabrata ,   Professor, Department of General Surgery Silchar Medical College and Hospital., Kumar Singh Sanjeeb ,   Registrar, Department of General Surgery Silchar Medical College and Hospital., Nowaj Majumder Daniel ,   Postgraduate Trainee, Silchar Medical College and Hospital.
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This study aims to highlight the significance of honey in wound treatment by focusing on its healing properties, main compounds responsible for healing capacity, its effectiveness in non-healing wounds, cost-effectiveness, and challenges coming its way. Background: Honey is an ancient treatment that is increasingly earning its place in modern wound care. Honey has been found to exert antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects without antibiotic resistance, promote moist wound healing, and facilitate debridement. Composed of 80% sugar and 17% water, this supersaturated natural substance makes a splendid wound dressing. Its high osmolarity, phytochemicals, and enzymatic production of hydrogen peroxide inhibit bacterial growth, while its acidic pH and autolytic debridement, decrease inflammation and improve blood circulation to enhance epithelialization and healing with minimal scar tissue. Clinical observations suggest that honey holds significant promise as an effective treatment for several medical conditions, particularly in managing non-healing wounds. Large, contaminated wounds are difficult and expensive to treat. Thus, using honey can be an effective and economical approach to managing large wounds. Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at Silchar Medical College and Hospital from August 2022 to April 2023, to evaluate the significance of honey dressing and related complications. This study included 25 cases with an average age of 38.18 (range 17-63) years, of these 19 were males and 6 were females. Result:In the results of the study, it was reported that honey in acute and chronic wounds provided rapid epithelization and wound contraction in wound healing, had anti-inflammatory and debridement effects, decreased pain, ensured infection control, shortened the time of wound healing, and was cost-effective.
Identification of Disease Type of Tobacco Leaves Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ying Liang , Kun Ma , Xinyu Zhang , Qifu Yang , Jiaquan Wu , Shuangyan Yang
Published: November 2023

It is important to identify the types of tobacco diseases accurately and take effective control measures in time to improve the efficiency of tobacco planting. In this paper, a hand-held nearinfrared spectrometer was used to collect the spectral data of different types of tobacco disease samples. The training models were established via convolutional neural network algorithm. Meanwhile, the traditional classification algorithms support vector machine and back propagation neural network were also compared. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of convolutional neural network algorithm was the highest and the overall performance of the model was the best. The rapid detection method based on a hand-held near-infrared spectrometer and convolutional neural network algorithm could identify tobacco leaf disease species efficiently, non-destructively, quickly and accurately, which provided a new technical reference for tobacco leaf disease species detection and identification.
F28: A novel coupling strategy for 1D/2D hydraulic models for flood risk assessment of the Mekong Delta
Authors: Le Giang Song , Tran Long Thanh , Ho Loc Huu , Park Edward
Published: November 2023

Coupling models of different dimensions is one of the most important yet under-represented challenges. This paper introduces a new modeling strategy to streamline a more flexible and effective integrated one-dimensional (1D)/two-dimensional (2D) model for floodplains along lowland rivers. The 1D model, utilizing the finite volume method, solves the Saint–Venant equations, while the 2D mesh employs unstructured quadrilateral elements. The two strategies couple the 1D/2D models: direct 1D/2D connection by the law of mass conservation at supernode, and lateral 1D/2D model connection by spillways at riverbank. The coupling strategy in F28 guarantees the water balance and the conservation of momentum at the integrated 1D/2D nodes. The model was applied to the Mekong Delta to address the capacity of hydrodynamic simulations integrating various water infrastructures. Results showed that the developed model has a strong potential to be applied to other lowland rivers worldwide with complex infrastructures.
ACWA: an AI-driven cyber-physical testbed for intelligent water systems
Authors: Batarseh Feras A. , Kulkarni Ajay , Sreng Chhayly , Lin Justice , Maksud Siam
Published: November 2023

This manuscript presents a novel state-of-the-art cyber-physical water testbed, namely the AI and Cyber for Water and Agriculture testbed (ACWA). ACWA is motivated by the aim to advance water resources' management using AI and cybersecurity experimentation. The main objective of ACWA is to address pressing challenges in the water and agricultural domains by utilising cutting-edge AI and data-driven technologies. These challenges include cyberbiosecurity, resources' management, access to water, sustainability, and data-driven decision-making, among others. To address such issues, ACWA is built consisting of topologies, sensors, computational clusters, pumps, tanks, smart water devices, as well as databases and AI models that control the system. Moreover, we present ACWA simulator, which is a software-based water digital twin. The simulator is based on fluid and constituent transport principles that produce a theoretical time series of a water distribution system. It creates a benchmark for comparing the theoretical approach with real-life outcomes via the physical ACWA testbed. ACWA data are available to AI and water sector researchers and are hosted in an online public repository. In this paper, the system is introduced and compared with existing water testbeds; additionally, use cases are described along with novel outcomes, such as datasets, software, and AI models.
Effects of applied nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation strategies on environmental protection and yield indices of winter wheat and barley in a Mediterranean climate region of Iran
Authors: Amirhajloo Sajad , Gheysari Mahdi , Shayannejad Mohammad , Shirvani Mehran
Published: November 2023

Because of the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers, most of the groundwater resources are contaminated in the upstream of the Zayandehrud basin. This study set out to investigate the effect of different levels of water and nitrogen on yield, soil nitrogen, as well as water productivity indices of winter wheat and barley. The experimental treatments were of three nitrogen levels: no nitrogen fertilizer (N0), 50 kg N ha−1 (N1), and 150 kg N ha−1 (N2), as well as two irrigation levels containing deficit irrigation (I1) and full irrigation (I2). Each treatment was repeated three times. Wheat yield for I2 was 5,640 kg ha−1 and for I1 was 3,720 kg ha−1. The yield for barley was 5,620 and 3,850 kg ha−1 for I1 and I2, respectively. The irrigation water productivity (WPi) was increased by 55% for wheat and 83% for barley under deficit irrigation level. We recommend the use of 50 kg ha−1 (instead of 150 kg ha−1), knowing that it reduces the yield and water productivity for wheat by 11.7 and 10.9%, and by 14.5 and 12.6% for barley, respectively. In contrast, the soil nitrogen residual for wheat and barley was reduced by 56.6 and 66.1%, respectively, thus greatly reducing the risk of contamination of groundwater resources.
Primary and digested sludge-derived char as a Cd sorbent: feasibility of local utilisation
Authors: Sylwan Ida , Bergna Davide , Runtti Hanna , Westholm Lena Johansson , Thorin Eva
Published: November 2023

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal, occurring in municipal wastewater and stormwater as well as in wastewater from various industries. Char derived from the pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge has the potential to be a low-cost sorption media for the removal of Cd. However, the balance between possible local char production and demand has not been assessed previously. In this study, the Cd sorption capacities of chars derived from primary (PSC) and secondary sludge (DSC), as well as the feasibility of char production for Cd sorbent purposes, and the pyrolysis energy balance were evaluated. Results showed that the sorption capacity of PSC (9.1 mg/g; 800 °C, 70 min) was superior to that of DSC (6.0 mg/g; 800 °C, 70 min), and increased with a higher pyrolysis temperature. Pyrolysis of primary sludge had a more favourable energy balance compared with the pyrolysis of digested sludge; however, when accounting for loss of biogas production the energy balance of primary sludge pyrolysis was negative. Assessment of the regional demand (Västerås, Sweden) indicated that PSC or DSC may cover the local Cd sorbent demand. However, it was estimated that large char volumes would be required, thus making the use of DSC/PSC less feasible.
Effects of Face-to-Face Nursing Support on Optimal Adherence to Oral Titratable PAH Therapies
Authors: Sourounis Evangelia , Kyrychenko Pavlo , Avalos-Reyes Elisea , Bagford Denise , Grover Rashmi , Feczko Lucia , Johnson Kjel
Published: November 2023

Background

Therapies currently available to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients do not reverse the disease; however, they improve pulmonary hemodynamics, offer symptomatic relief, and lengthen the time to clinical worsening. These therapies do not come without their challenges, which include side effects and compliance with challenging titration regimens. Health care providers, particularly nurses, play a significant role in improving patient medication adherence. In-home nurse visits offer disease state education, set medication expectations, and provide support tools for patients when experiencing adverse events that may lead to therapy discontinuation. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact that in-home, face-to-face nursing visits have on optimal adherence to oral PAH therapies.

Methods

We identified patients who received an oral PAH drug (riociguat, selexipag, or treprostinil) supported by a nursing program (study group) and patients who received an oral PAH drug (bosentan, ambrisentan, or macitentan) not supported by a nursing program (control group) using CVS Health pharmacy data from January 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019. A logistic regression model examined demographic and medication factors associated with adherence.

Results

From January 2018 to June 2019, we identified 107 patients in the study group and 213 patients in the control group. After 6 months, patients in the study group reported 0.6 more fill counts (5.1 vs 4.5; P = .002) and an 11% higher medication possession ratio (MPR) than those in the control group (86.4% vs 75.0%; P = .001). After adjusting for patient characteristics, control patients tended to be more likely to drop therapy in the first 6 months after the index fill (hazard ratio = 1.52; P = .064). After 6 months, the study group reported higher rates of therapy persistence than the control group (72.0% vs 60.6%; P < .05).

Conclusions

Patients receiving oral PAH therapies (riociguat, selexipag, or treprostinil) supported through a visiting nurse program had significantly higher rates of optimal adherence as demonstrated by a statistically significant improvement in the MPR and a higher prescription fill count than a control group. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary approach supporting the patient and providing patient education, proper motivation, and face-to-face nursing may support improved patient outcomes.
Hydralazine Induced Vasculitis: A Case Report
Authors: Giurani Fathi , Abdelgalil Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Background::

Hydralazine has been used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure for a long time. It has been associated with the development of
Vasculitis and Drug induced lupus. This is a male patient in his sixties who was admitted at the hospital and prescribed hydralazine. He developed
Hydralazine-induced lupus with Pancytopenia and renal failure. This case report has been written to raise awareness about the hydralazine side
effects.

Case Presentation::

This case report describes a 68-year-old male, transferred to our hospital for rehabilitation. He was tracheostomized. He is hypertensive with a
history of CVA. BP was elevated during the admission. He has no family history of immunological diseases or any allergies. 6 months after
hydralazine, the patient started to have a purpuric rash over the lower limbs and an elevated renal profile. Only Direct Coomb’s test was positive.
He had hematuria and pancytopenia also. He was started on steroids and he became edematous. On March 2021, the hydralazine was stopped and
the patient's blood tests improved, the rash disappeared and hematuria stopped. Unfortunately, he got fungemia and septicemia with pneumonia. He
became hypotensive and anuric. The patient kept deteriorating and passed away.

Discussion::

Hydralazine is not a first line choice for the treatment of hypertension. Common side effects include tachycardia and headache. It can also cause
drug-induced lupus.

Conclusion::

Hydralazine has been used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure for a long time. It has been associated with the development of
Vasculitis and Drug induced lupus.
Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Dubai: A
Rapid Review and Policy Option Analysis
Authors: Albanna Ammar , Jarawan Eva , Alhejailan Rasha , Boiangiu Mara-Clarisa , Zeng Wu
Published: November 2023

Background::

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with functional impairments
across an individual’s lifespan. The complexity and increasing global prevalence of ASD pose significant strains on healthcare systems. Early
Intensive Behavioral Interventions (EIBI) are cost-effective evidence-based interventions that improve outcomes for individuals with ASD,
especially when implemented in early childhood.

Objectives::

This study reviews the disease burden of ASD and analyzes four potential financing models for EIBI in Dubai.

Methods::

A rapid literature review was conducted to synthesize the disease burden of ASD and EIBI services in Dubai. Bardach’s eightfold model for policy
analysis was used to analyze four policy options for EIBI in Dubai: (1) Government financing and provision of EIBI through specialized centers,
(2) Government financing of EIBI through contracting private providers, (3) Mandating insurance coverage of EIBI for children with ASD, and,
lastly, (4) A mixed model that includes both mandating insurance coverage for EIBI and government provision through non-profit organizations.

Results::

EIBI services were available in Dubai but were associated with a substantial out-of-pocket (OOP) burden on families. Many young children with
ASD were unable to access EIBI. Option (4) of using the mixed financing model of EIBI was optimal in the context of Dubai, based on evaluation
criteria, including accessibility, cost-effectiveness, quality, and implementability, with minimal OOP burden on families.

Conclusion::

To ease the burden on families with children suffering from ASD, the stakeholders, including the government of Dubai, should consider a mixed
financial model to provide EIBI.
An Insight into the Protein Aggregation in Alzheimer’s Disease and its
Inhibition
Authors: Khan Abdul Basit , Khan Rizwan Hasan
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease, is a progressive and irreversible disease
that has become a global challenge due to its increasing prevalence and absence of available
potential therapies. Protein misfolding and aggregation are known to be the root of several protein
neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Protein aggregation is a phenomenon
where misfolded proteins accumulate and clump together intra-or extracellularly. This accumulation
of misfolded amyloid proteins leads to the formation of plaquesin the neuronal cells, also
known as amyloid β plaques. The synthesis of amyloid β plaques and tau protein aggregation are
the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Potential therapeutics must be developed in conjunction
with an understanding of the possible root cause involving complex mechanisms. The development
of therapeutics that can inhibit protein misfolding and aggregation, involved in the pathogenesis
of Alzheimer's disease, could be one of the potential solutions to the disease.
Perineuronal Nets: From Structure to Neurological Disorders
Authors: Li Xianghe , Li Nuojin , Zhao Pingping , Ren Dongyan , Luo Bin , Zhou Tian
Published: November 2023

Perineuronal nets (PNN) is condensed extracellular matrix (ECM) in the central nervous system (CNS), which surrounds cell soma, axon initial segments, and synapses. In the brain, most neurons surrounded by PNN are interneurons, especially the
parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVI). The formation of PNN is involved in the
PVI maturation as well as the onset and closure of critical periods for developmental
plasticity end. Dysfunction of PVI can lead to some neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar depression, and Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, PNN assembling abnormalities are often observed in human patients and animal disease models. PNN is
thought to have a neuroprotective effect and interact with signaling molecules to regulate synaptic plasticity and neuronal activity. In this review, we provide an overview of
the composition, structure, and functions of PNN. In addition, we highlight abnormal
changes in PNN components in pathological conditions. Understanding the roles of different components of PNN will bring us a new perspective on brain plasticity and neurological disorders.
NLRP3: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Zeng Shuyan , Wang Peng , Chen Youxiang , Zeng Chunyan
Published: November 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,
is an intestinal disease with complicated pathological mechanisms. The incidence of IBD has
been increasing in recent years, which has a significant negative impact on the lives of patients.
Therefore, it is particularly important to find new therapeutic targets and innovative drugs for the
development of IBD. Recent studies have revealed that NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles can play an
important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and sustaining the intestinal immune response
in IBD. On the one hand, aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles may cause excessive
immune response by converting caspase-1, proIL-18, and proIL-1β to their active forms and
releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines to stimulate the development and progression of IBD, and
we can improve IBD by targeting blockade of NLRP3 activation. On the other hand, NLRP3 may
also play an enter protective role by maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal immune system.
In this paper, we reviewed the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome, and the effects of
NLRP3 inflammasome activation on IBD are discussed from two different perspectives: pathology
and protection. At the same time, we listed the effects of direct inhibitors, indirect inhibitors,
and natural inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome on IBD in combination with cutting-edge advances
and clinical practice results, providing new targets and new ideas for the clinical treatment
of IBD.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Hypertensive Emergency Referred to a
Tertiary Hospital in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Talle Mohammed A. , Doubell Anton F. , Robbertse Pieter-Paul S. , Lahri Sa'ad , Herbst Philip G.
Published: November 2023

Background::

Despite advances in managing hypertension, hypertensive emergencies remain
a common indication for emergency room visits. Our study aimed to determine the clinical profile of
patients referred with hypertensive emergencies.

Methods::

We conducted an observational study involving patients aged ≥18 years referred with hyper-tensive crisis. A diagnosis of hypertensive emergencies was based on a systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥180 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP ≥110 mmHg, with acute hypertension-mediated organ damage (aH-MOD). Patients without evidence of aHMOD were considered hypertensive urgencies. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and unconscious patients were excluded from the study.

Results::

Eighty-two patients were included, comprising 66 (80.5%) with hypertensive emergencies and 16 (19.5%) with hypertensive urgencies. The mean age of patients with hypertensive emergencies was 47.9 (13.2) years, and 66.7% were males. Age, systolic BP, and duration of hypertension were similar in the hypertensive crisis cohort. Most patients with hypertensive emergencies reported nonadherence to medication (78%) or presented de novo without a prior diagnosis of hypertension (36%). Cardiac aH-MOD (acute pulmonary edema and myocardial infarction) occurred in 66%, while neurological emer-gencies (intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and hypertensive encephalopathy) occurred in 33.3%. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.001), NT-proBNP (P=0.024), and cardiac troponin (P<0.001) were higher in hypertensive emergencies compared to urgencies. LDH did not differ in the subtypes of hypertensive emergencies.

Conclusion::

Cardiovascular and neurological emergencies are the most common hypertensive emer-gencies. Most patients reported nonadherence to medication or presented de novo without a prior diag-nosis of hypertension.
The Application Value of Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) Combined with an
80 mm Wide-body Detector in Head-neck CTA
Authors: Cheng Huan Wei , Geng Jin Huan , Tan Zheng Wu , Wu Wen Ze , Hu Xiao Li , Gong Jian Feng , Shen Jian , Xu Jun , She Meng Qi
Published: November 2023

Objective::

This study aims to investigate the value of gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) combined with an 80 mm wide-body detector in head-neck CTA.

Methods::

Ninety patients with head-neck CTA were prospectively selected and randomly divided into a control group and a test group, with 45 patients in
each group. The control group was scanned conventionally. With a tube voltage of 100 kVp and detector width of 40 mm, a 70 ml contrast agent
was injected at a flow rate of 5.0 ml/s. The test group used GSI. With a tube current fixed of 445 mAs and a detector width of 80 mm, the contrast
agent was injected at a flow rate of 3.5 ml/s and 0.6 ml/kg body weight, and the 55 keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) were automatically
reconstructed. Finally, the target vessel CT values, background noise (BN), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), subjective
scores, contrast agent dose, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol), and dose length product (DLP) were recorded. The DLP was converted to the
effective dose (ED).

Results::

The target vessel CT values, BN, SNR, CNR, and subjective scores of the two groups were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05), and the image
quality of both groups was the same and met the diagnostic requirements. The contrast agent dose and effective dose (ED) in the test group were
approximately 44% and 26% lower than that of the control group, respectively (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion::

In head-neck CTA examination, the Revolution CT GSI combined with an 80 mm wide-body detector can reduce the contrast agent dose and
radiation dose while ensuring image quality.
Osmundacetone Inhibits Angiogenesis of Infantile Hemangiomas through Inducing
Caspases and Reducing VEGFR2/MMP9
Authors: Ke Chen , Chen Changhan , Yang Ming , Chen Hao , Li Liqun , Ke Youhui
Published: November 2023

Aim:

This study aims to explore the potential of Osmundacetone (OSC) as a new treatment for infantile
hemangiomas (IH), the most common benign tumors in infancy. Currently, propranolol serves as the primary
treatment for IH, but its effectiveness is limited, and it poses challenges of drug resistance and side effects. Therefore,
there is a pressing need to identify alternative therapies for IH.

Methods:

The effects of OSC on the proliferation and apoptosis of HemECs (endothelial cells from hemangiomas)
were assessed using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, HOCHEST 33342 staining, and flow cytometry.
Western blot analysis was performed to investigate OSC's influence on Caspases and angiogenesis-related proteins.
Animal models were established using HemECs and BALB/c mice, and histological and immunohistochemical
staining were conducted to evaluate the impact of OSC on mouse hemangiomas, VEGFR2, and MMP9
expression.

Results:

OSC treatment significantly reduced HemECs' viability and colony-forming ability, while promoting
apoptosis, as indicated by increased HOCHEST 33342 staining. OSC upregulated the protein expression of Bax,
PARP, Caspase9, Caspase3, AIF, Cyto C, FADD, and Caspase8 in HemECs. In animal models, OSC treatment
effectively reduced hemangioma size and improved histopathological changes. OSC also suppressed VEGFR2
and MMP9 expression while elevating Caspase3 levels in mouse hemangiomas.

Conclusion:

OSC demonstrated promising results in inhibiting HemECs' proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and
ameliorating pathological changes in hemangiomas in mice. Moreover, it influenced the expression of crucial
caspases and angiogenesis-related proteins. These findings suggest that OSC holds potential as a novel drug for
clinical treatment of IH.
Overview of Human Papillomavirus Infection
Authors: Darvishi Mohammad , Nouri Majid , Zahir Maziar , Asli Maryam , Hejripoor Seyed Zia , Karimi Ebrahim
Published: November 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA oncogenic virus. HPV infection is the most common
sexually transmitted disease, and is capable of infecting mucosal and cutaneous membranes of
the anogenital, upper aerodigestive tract, and other head and neck mucosal regions. Although HPV
infection is generally asymptomatic and can be easily resolved by the immune system, if it persists
and progresses, it can lead to cancer. HPV is permanently responsible for 5% of human cancers. Malignant
lesions related to HPV include oral and respiratory squamous cell carcinomas, and cervical
and anogenital cancers. Currently, no specific treatment is available for HPV infection, and therapeutic
procedures (tissue ablation, chemotherapy, cryotherapy, and immunomodulation) cannot eliminate
the virus completely. Vaccination and cervical screening are two methods that have been developed
to provide protection against oncogenic HPV. Unfortunately, no effective protocol for vaccination,
prevention, testing, or treatment has yet been proposed in the developing countries. In this review, we
have reviewed the knowledge gained from recent studies on virology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations,
epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of HPV infection.
Optimization of Cobalt-Chromium (Co-Cr) Scaffolds for Bone Tissue
Engineering in Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders
Authors: Rodríguez-Montaño Óscar Libardo , Vaiani Lorenzo , Boccaccio Antonio , Uva Antonio Emmanuele , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Spirito Francesca , Dioguardi Mario , Santacroce Luigi , Di Cosola Michele , Cantore Stefania , Ballini Andrea
Published: November 2023

Approximately 50% of the adult global population is projected to suffer from some
form of metabolic disease by 2050, including metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. At the
same time, this trend indicates a potential increase in the number of patients who will be in need
of implant-supported reconstructions of specific bone regions subjected to inflammatory states.
Moreover, physiological conditions associated with dysmetabolic subjects have been suggested
to contribute to the severity of bone loss after bone implant insertion. However, there is a perspective
evidence strengthening the hypothesis that custom-fabricated bioengineered scaffolds
may produce favorable bone healing effects in case of altered endocrine or metabolic conditions.
This perspective review aims to share a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms
implicated in bone resorption and remodelling processes, which have driven researchers to develop
metallic implants as the cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) bioscaffolds, presenting optimized geometries
that interact in an effective way with the osteogenetic precursor cells, especially in the
cases of perturbed endocrine or metabolic conditions.
Protein Kinase C (PKC)-mediated TGF-β Regulation in Diabetic Neuropathy:
Emphasis on Neuro-inflammation and Allodynia
Authors: Changkakoti Liza , Das Jitu Mani , Borah Rajiv , Rajabalaya Rajan , David Sheba Rani , Balaraman Ashok Kumar , Pramanik Subrata , Haldar Pallab Kanti , Bala Asis
Published: November 2023

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes has been increasing
steadily over the past few decades. In developing countries, it is the cause of increased morbidity
and mortality. Diabetes and its complications are associated with education, occupation, and
income across all levels of socioeconomic status. Factors, such as hyperglycemia, social ignorance,
lack of proper health knowledge, and late access to medical care, can worsen diabetic complications.
Amongst the complications, neuropathic pain and inflammation are considered the most
common causes of morbidity for common populations. This review is focused on exploring protein
kinase C (PKC)-mediated TGF-β regulation in diabetic complications with particular emphasis on
allodynia. The role of PKC-triggered TGF-β in diabetic neuropathy is not well explored. This review
will provide a better understanding of the PKC-mediated TGF-β regulation in diabetic neuropathy
with several schematic illustrations. Neuroinflammation and associated hyperalgesia and
allodynia during microvascular complications in diabetes are scientifically illustrated in this review.
It is hoped that this review will facilitate biomedical scientists to better understand the etiology
and target drugs effectively to manage diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.
Help Comes from Unexpected Places: How a Tiny Fairy and a Tropical
Fish may help us Model Mucopolysaccharidoses
Authors: Carvalho Sofia , Moreira Luciana , Santos Juliana Inês , Gaspar Paulo , Gonçalves Mariana , Matos Liliana , David Hugo , Encarnação Marisa , Ribeiro Diogo , Duarte Ana Joana , Amaral Olga , Rocha Hugo , Diogo Luísa , Ferreira Sara , Santos Constança , Martins Esmeralda , Neuparth Teresa , Soares Joana , Ribeiro Marta , Ribeiro Pinho Brígida , Oliveira Nuno , Ascenção Oliveira Jorge Miguel , Prata Maria João , Santos Miguel , Alves Sandra , Coutinho Maria Francisca
Published: November 2023

Introduction::

When it comes to disease modeling, countless models are available for
Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSD). Historically, two major approaches are well-established: in
vitro assessments are performed in patient fibroblasts, while in vivo pre-clinical studies are performed
in mouse models. Still, both platforms have a series of drawbacks. Thus, we implemented
two alternative and innovative protocols

Methods::

The first one relies on a non-invasive approach using dental pulp stem cells from deciduous
teeth (SHEDs). SHEDs are multipotent neuronal precursors that can easily be collected.
The second uses a state-of-the-art gene editing technology (CRISPR/Cas9) to generate zebrafish
disease models.

Results::

Even though this is an ongoing project, we have already established and characterized
two MPS II and one MPS VI SHED cell models. These cells self-maintain through several passages
and can give rise to a variety of cells including neurons. Furthermore, all MPS-associated
sub-cellular phenotypes we have assessed so far are easily observable in these cells. Regarding
our zebrafish models, we have successfully knocked down both naglu and hgsnat and the first
results we got from the behavioral analysis are promising ones, as we can observe altered activity
and sleep patterns in the genetically modified fish. For this particular approach we chose MPS III
forms as our target disorders, since their neurological features (hyperactivity, seizures and motor
impairment) and lifespan decrease would be easily recognizable in zebrafish.

Conclusion::

Now that these methods are well-established in our lab, their potential is immense.
On one hand, the newly developed models will be of ultimate value to understand the mechanisms
underlying MPS sub-cellular pathology, which have to be further elucidated. On the other
hand, they will constitute an optimal platform for drug testing in house. Also noteworthy, our
models will be published as lab resources and made available for the whole LSD community.
Dihydropteridine Reductase Deficiency - A Rare and Potentially Treatable
Cause Mimicking Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Ribeiro Marta , Rebelo Mafalda , Pereira Andreia , Antunes Diana , Ferreira Ana Cristina , Jacinto Sandra
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency (DHPRD) is a rare genetic disorder of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) regeneration, a cofactor for several enzymes, including phenylalanine hydroxylase. Due to hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), patients can be detected by the
newborn metabolic screening, when available. The most common symptoms of DHPRD may
mimic cerebral palsy: developmental/cognitive impairment, hypotonia, peripheral hypertonia,
dystonia, feeding difficulties, epilepsy, and microcephaly. The long-term neurodevelopmental
outcome is strongly influenced by the early initiation of effective treatment.

Case Report:

A 2-year-old boy, born in Guinea, was evaluated in our center with the diagnosis
of “cerebral palsy”. He was born after a prolonged labor, and had feeding difficulties and severe
developmental delay. Examination revealed microcephaly, axial hypotonia, and dyskinetic
movements without hypertension. No seizures or oculogyric crisis were reported. Brain MRI
showed slight brain atrophy and hyperintensity T2/FLAIR in basal ganglia. The diagnosis of
cerebral palsy was questioned, and further investigation was carried out. HPA raised the possibility of BH4 deficiency, supported by increased biopterin in urine, decreased neurotransmitters
in CSF, and low DHPR enzyme activity. A variant (128_130del (p.(Val43del)) in apparent homozygosity was later detected in the QPDR gene. At 4 years old, he started L-dopa/carbidopa,
oxitriptan, and a phenylalanine-restrictive diet with moderate clinical improvement.

Conclusion:

When the diagnosis of “cerebral palsy” is questionable, other etiologies should be
investigated, particularly disorders that have specific disease-modifying treatment. In our patient, the atypical constellation of neurological signs, brain MRI findings, and the nonexistence
of newborn metabolic screening in the country of origin supported additional investigation. The
presence of HPA-associated dystonia was crucial to the investigation and was later confirmed as
DHPRD. Unfortunately, at this stage, the reversibility of the neurological damage in response to
treatment is doubtful.
Bioconvection Flow in the Existence of MHD Casson Nanofluid with Viscous Dissipation and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Arun B. , Deivanayaki M.
Published: November 2023

Objective:

Casson nanofluids are used to investigate the effects of Magneto hydrodynamics (MHD), viscous dissipation, temperature and concentration on convective heat transfer
flow through a stretching/shrinking vertical sheet.

Method:

The BVP4C method in MATLAB is used to obtain numerical solutions for solving the
governing Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) by converting them into the governing Partial
Differential Equations (PDEs) using similarity transformations. To examine the effects of pertinent variables, including the Magnetic parameter, the Brownian motion parameter, the Cassson
fluid parameter, the chemical reaction constant, the Prandtl number, the concentration to thermal
Buoyancy ratio, the microorganism to thermal Buoyancy ratio, the Lewis number, the bioconvection Peclet number, the bioconvection Lewis number, the local skin friction, the local Nusselt
number, the local Sherwood number and the local density number of the motile microorganisms.

Result:

Quantitative data are plotted according to the bioconvection flow, temperature, concentration and velocity profiles.

Conclusion:

It is observed that this study helps to compare the variations in the chemical reactions of the MHD Casson nanofluid by using graphs.
Assessing the Impact of E-learning through Usage and Preference of E-resources
Authors: Waghmode Manisha , Shukla Manisha , Sinha Deepti , Awati Jayashree S. , Kalse Anjali , Kharade Jyoti
Published: November 2023

Aims:

Any electronic device that delivers a collection of data, whether it be text referring
to full text databases, electronic journals, photographs, other multimedia goods, or quantitative,
visualizations, or time-based, is referred to as an electronic resource. These could be transmitted
over the internet, tape, CD-ROM, tablets, smartphones, smart watches or another medium,
these are now the basis of e-learning. Online searching has made it possible to get patent information
more quickly, affordably, and conveniently than the traditional manual or CD-ROM based
searching method. The ability to create and distribute documents in electronic form is now made
possible by a number of established procedures and standards. So, in order to address the current
problems, librarians are utilizing new media, particularly electronic resources, in their collection
expansion makes the documentation of users better. As we can see, utilizing online resources is
important in the modern world for a multitude of purposes. Because of this, it's important to understand
the preferences, motives and usage of various ‘e- resources used by students who use
online learning’. The aim of the present research paper was to examine the impact of e-resources
using its usage and reading preferences. In this study, reasons such as time saving, more information,
and busy schedule at college are considered.

Methodology:

Primary data was gathered from 250 students from Mumbai and Navi Mumbai who
are using e-resources through the pre-structured questionnaire. The responses collected were recorded
using the SPSS software for data analysis. In order to examine the link between causes,
preferences, and the use of ‘e-resources’, a theoretical construct was developed grounded on a few
assumptions. Statistical techniques like the chi-square test were used and data analysis was done
using SPSS version 20 to examine the proposed construct. When doing the data analysis, the demographic
profile, objectives, and hypothesis were all taken into consideration.

Result:

The average for each component that is time saving, more informative, and busy schedule
at college was computed and was determined as 0.004, 0.004, and 0.000, correspondingly, for
time saving, more informative content, and busy college schedule. As all of these values for all of
the preferences under consideration are less than 0.05, it is clear that there is a connection between
the usage of electronic resources and their underlying reasons and preferences.

Conclusion:

Hence, there is a substantial correlation between the reasons for using electronic resources
and the different reading preferences, as well as between the two. Only three reasons
namely time saving, more informative, and busy schedule at college are considered during this
study. Data collection is done from Mumbai and Navi Mumbai region only.
Modification of Steel Surface with Addition of Cocoa Fruit Pod Extract Inhibitor Using Electrodeposition Method
Authors: Yetri Yuli , Rakiman  , Sukatik  , Maimuzar  , Silva Azaria Mahaputri
Published: November 2023

The steel surface modification has been carried out with the addition of an inhibitor of cocoa fruit pod extract with varying concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%. The aim is to add inhibitors to improve the appearance, and to slow down the corrosion rate. The electrodeposition method was used to form a thin film on the surface at a voltage of 3 volts for 3 minutes. Surface characterization using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is used to determine the phase that occurs. The corrosion rate was calculated using the weight loss and potentiostate methods. The results of the characterization of the steel surface with the addition of 1% fruit pod extract inhibitor at the electrodeposition showed that the surface was smoother and more even and there was no porosity. XRD analysis showed that the electrodeposition results under the same conditions contained two elemental phases, namely Cu and Fe with different intensity values. The highest intensity is located at the peak of the second position of 2-Theta 44,84860 which is the peak of the Fe crystal. The lowest intensity is located at the third peak of 259.89 at the position of 2-Theta 98.9141 which is the peak of Cu. The high intensity indicates that the particle has good crystallinity. Cocoa fruit pod inhibitor is able to slow down the corrosion rate and smooth the metal surface by electrodeposition method.
Removal of Ammonium and Phosphate from Synthetic Wastewater of Complex Fertilizer Industry Through Struvite Crystallization Process
Authors: Zulfikar Luthfi Muhammad , Setiadi Tjandra , Nurry Dennis Farina
Published: November 2023

The complex fertilizer industry produces wastewater which contributes to the pollution of water bodies because it contains high levels of phosphate and ammonium concentrations and high TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen) which contains organic nitrogen. The organic nitrogen contained in the complex fertilizer wastewater is urea so it can be hydrolyzed to ammonium using the urease enzyme. The ammonium formed from the hydrolysis of urea will then react with magnesium and phosphate to form struvite, a crystal of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aeration and the enzyme urease in the removal of ammonium and phosphate in complex fertilizer synthetic wastewater through struvite precipitation. Struvite precipitation was carried out in a batch reactor which had a working volume of 0.5 L with variations in aeration rate, aeration time, and the addition of urease enzyme from Jack bean peas (Canavalia ensiformis). Residual ammonium and phosphate levels were analyzed and struvite crystal formation (MAP) was determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the aeration reactor was able to form struvite crystals and remove the ammonium and phosphate content in the synthetic wastewater of complex fertilizers. The removal of ammonium with a molar ratio of [Mg2+] : [NH4+] : [PO43-] 1:2:1 reached 61-77% at high aeration rates because a lot of ammonium was released into the air. The phosphate removal reached 99%. The urease enzyme was proven to be able to hydrolyze urea into ammonium and increase the pH value and affect the shape of the resulting struvite crystals. The precipitate product obtained was struvite crystals which were confirmed by analysis using SEM-EDX and XRD.
Design and development of a mobile application for emergency medical assistance for running-related injuries in a marathon event
Authors: Chernbumroong Suepphong , Sureephong Pradorn , Ariya Pakinee , Puritat Kitti
Published: November 2023

This research was dedicated to the creation and refinement of a mobile application, specifically crafted for providing Emergency Medical Assistance at marathon events in Thailand. As the popularity of marathons surges, propelled by a growing health consciousness and a rising trend in regular exercise among Thais, the demand for efficient medical support in these settings has intensified. This study explored the necessity of instant access to runners' medical data to facilitate clinical decision-making and potential hospital admissions for specific symptoms. Key aspects investigated included essential features for the application, prevalent injuries among marathon runners, and the application's perceived utility and user-friendliness by medical professionals. The developed system integrates health records and real-time location data, ensuring swift pre-hospital intervention. The research was conducted during the Khao Yai marathon, involving 7,728 runners and 40 medical personnel. Findings highlighted the importance of rapid access to medical histories, emergency contacts, real-time location tracking, and efficient medical team coordination. Common injuries noted were swollen feet and legs. While the application proved useful and user-friendly, recommendations for future enhancements, particularly a more intuitive interface, were identified.