bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hanoi National University of Education: present status and development orientation in line with Ho Chi Minh’s thoughts in the context of industrialization, modernization and international integration
Authors: Le Dinh Trung
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes on Ho Chi Minh’s views on pedagogy, the role and tasks of the Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE) in the national education giving on his visits to the University.His advises represent a strategic dimension in the comprehensive policy of education and training, and work as guidelines for the activities of HNUE. On the basis of summarizing the results achieved by the University in its 70th anniverary, a process of development, the article proposes development orientations for the University in the context of industrialization, modernization and international integration.
Applying Ho Chi Minh’s thoughts on training educational managers and leaders in order to adapt educational innovation requirement
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Tri , Hoang Thi Kim Hue , Trinh Thi Quy , Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet
Published: February 2022

By theoretical research method, this effort aims to analyze Ho Chi Minh’s thoughts of leaders and managers’ competencies and personalities. Based on this, some recommmendations of applying these points of view into developingeducational leaders and managers’ competencies and personalities are made in order to meet the demand of education innovation and international integration of Vietnamese education. Ho Chi Minh’s thoughts about training and in-service training process for leaders and managers were also discussed. These lead to applying Ho Chi Minh’s thoughts into enhancing educational leaders and managers’ competences.
Cooperate between the university of pedagogical: results and the problems raised
Authors: Luu Trang , Truong Trung Phuong
Published: February 2022

This research aims to recapitulate the nearly 10 years of implementation of the exchange and cooperation process between Vietnam's key Pedagogical Universities, especially the period since the pedagogical universities joined hands to build formulating and implementing a number of major projects and projects on education and training in order to implement the Resolution of the 8th Conference, the XI Central Executive Committee (Resolution No. 29-NQ\TW) on basic renovation Edition, Comprehensive Education and Training. Through analyzing the results of the cooperation process between key pedagogical schools in many fields, the article deeply evaluates its nature, characteristics and impacts on pedagogical institutions in particular and group of major pedagogical universities in general. From there, propose a number of solutions to strengthen the cooperation between major pedagogical universities in the near future.
Object Detection Frameworks fo Real-Time, Scale-Invariant Face Mask Detection
Authors: Philippe B. Facun Louis , Jeseca C. Baculo Maria , F. Libao Marlon , M. Eisma Ceazar , B. Fredeluces Christian , A. Garlejo Rigzor , S. Idio Raymart
Published: February 2022

As the world experiences a pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19, following health protocols like the proper wearing of face masks is essential to help prevent the spread of the virus as stressed by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the Philippines, manual monitoring of these measures may not be as efficient when handling large crowds. The authors were able to generate a real-time, scale-invariant face mask recognition model that also handles occlusions. It was trained using images from the wild to simulate real-world conditions. Existing state-of-the-art object detection frameworks such as MobileNet, RetinaNet, and YOLOv4 were implemented to detect and localize the proper use of face masks in public. To evaluate the performance of the models, the mAP, inference time, and precision curve were used. The performance of the model has resulted to as high as .94 mAP with an inference time of 73 ms.
Industrial pharmaceutical scenario
Authors: Nerkar A.G.
Published: February 2022

In the beginning of 2020, India was hit by corona wave and Pharmacy of the Word, our nation, India had lend a helping hand for entire world. In this context and with the actual industrial practice and the suggested measures are discussed for the academia and Pharmacy Council of India to develop better pharmacy graduates cope up the need of the existing practices in Industrial Pharmacy world.
The Association of Human Leukocyte Antigens Complex with Type 1 Diabetes in the Omani Population
Authors: Al-Balushi Mohammed , Al-Badi Samiya , Al-Yaarubi Saif , Al-Riyami Hamad , Al-Shidhani Azza , Al-Hinai Shaima , Alshirawi Ali , Hasson Sidgi , Said Elias , Al-Jabri Ali , Al Ansari Aliya
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Identification of the high risk alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in different populations is beneficial for understanding their roles in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis and intervention practices. This study aimed to identify T1D-associated HLA gene alleles in the Omani population. Methods: The present case-control study included 73 diabetic seropositive children (mean age 9.08 ± 3.27 years) attending the paediatric clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman, and 110 healthy controls. HLA–A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 genes were genotyped using a sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). Results: Two HLA class I alleles (B*08, B*58) and three class II alleles (DQB1*02, DRB1*03 and DRB1*04) were associated with T1D susceptibility, while one class I (B*51) and three class II (DQB1*05, DQB1*06 and DRB1*16) alleles were associated with T1D protection. HLA-DRB1*03 and DQB1*02 alleles showed the strongest risk association among all alleles. Six DRB1 residues (E9, S11, S13, Y30, V70 and K71) were significantly associated with T1D susceptibility. Heterozygous genotypes, HLA-DRB1*03/*04 and DQB1*02/*03 were significantly associated with T1D susceptibility (P <0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 63.21 and P = 0.02, OR = 3.63, respectively). Furthermore, a significant combined action of DRB1*03-DQB1*02 haplotype in T1D risk (P = 0.000176, OR = 15) and DRB1*16-DQB1*05 haplotype in protection (P = 0.0312, OR = 0.48) was detected. Conclusion: Known HLA class II gene alleles are associated with T1D in Omani children.
Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes; Human Leukocyte Antigens; Genotype; Alleles; Residues; Haplotypes, Case-Control Study; Oman.
PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING BAGI ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS (ABK) DI SEKOLAH INKLUSI SMPN 17 MUKOMUKO
Authors: Hadiansyah Yossi , Gapur Musri Ali , Musyofah Tina , Pitri Triani Eka , Hidayat Rahmad
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of BK program for ABK in SMPN 17 Mukomuko inclusion school, emerging obstacles, and solutions that are carried out to overcome obstacles. The primary subjects in the study were guidance and counseling teachers. This type of research is field research. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation. From the results of the research obtained data, namely: the curriculum for ABK used in SMPN 17 Mukomuko is a modified 2013 Curriculum adjusting to the capabilities and needs of ABK based on the results of need assessment. The method used by BK teachers is generally the same as other normal students but the implementation is slightly different. Obstacles that arise in the implementation of the BK program for ABK in SMPN 17 Mukomuko inclusion school, namely: the provision of materials and media services as well as facilities and infrastructure. So that the solutions carried out to overcome the obstacles that arise are: helping to optimize the deliberation activities of BK teachers (MGBK), active in delegating BK teachers to participate in training / seminars, establishing cooperation with outstanding education teachers, adding BK personnel.
PERAN AYAH DALAM PENDIDIKAN TAUHID
Authors: Shofiyah Siti , Akmal Mochamad Daffa , Banin Muhammad Chairul , Sukmawati Ade , Khoerunisa Suci
Published: February 2022

Parents have an important role to play in their children's formative years. Both mother and father have their roles and as the hadith prophet saw that it is the parents who will make a child into Muslim, political, jewish or Christian. Although mother was madrosatul ula (first school) for her children, father was the principal. In other words, the father's role in tauhid's education is so great. It corresponds to the story of ketauhidan that is found in the qur 'an where the verse is said to be a conversation between a father and his son. One of them was qs. - luqman. Tauhid's first education is to echo adzan in his child's ear for the moment of his birth. This meant that a father had taught and introduced that no rabb was to be worshipped but that god was god. Tauhid's education is vital early on. Even long before a child is born into the world. Thus the father's role is most dominating in tauhid's education because even by choosing a prayer mate is one of the father's roles in educating his children.
Linking Industrialization and Education in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Valery Moutie Giscard , Che Gladys Njang , Nkemgha Guivis Zeufack
Published: February 2022

Several works have studied the consequences of industrialization on macroeconomic variables. However, the relationship between industrialization and education has not yet been studied, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The objective of this study is to fill this limitation of the literature by analyzing the direct effect of industrialization on education in 23 SSA countries during the period 2000-2018. Moreover, we analyzed the indirect effect between the two variables through the transmission channels. To achieve our objective, we mobilized the Driscoll and Kraay methods and System GMM. The results reveal that there is a negative and significant relationship between industrialization and education. Moreover, urbanization and per capita income are transmission channels that contribute to mitigating this negative effect. Finally, our results show that the positive impact of the processing sector on education in SSA is conditioned by the achievement of a certain per capita income threshold and a certain urbanization threshold.
Interakcyjne uwarunkowania procesu stawania się ofiarą mobbingu
Authors: Chomczyński Piotr
Published: February 2022

Celem, jaki przed sobą postawiłem jest spojrzenie na niektóre aspekty mobbingu z perspektywy założeń symbolicznego interakcjonizmu. W centrum moich analiz ulokowałem interakcje pomiędzy osobą nękaną, mobberem, a także otoczeniem zawodowym oraz innymi osobami, którym mobbowany pracownik przypisuje duże znaczenie. Wnioski, jakie prezentuję w niniejszym artykule opierają się na badaniach przeprowadzonych przeze mnie w latach 2004–2007 wśród osób nękanych psychicznie oraz ekspertów, którzy z racji swego zawodu zajmują się problemem mobbingu. Zastosowałem technikę wywiadów narracyjnych oraz swobodnych. Łączna ilość wywiadów wyniosła 69. W poszukiwaniach danych empirycznych oraz ich interpretacji przyjąłem założenia metodologii teorii ugruntowanej.
Ukryty program fizycznej pozadydaktycznej przestrzeni uniwersytetu
Authors: Pryszmont – Ciesielska Martyna
Published: February 2022

Tekst dotyczy problematyki ukrytego programu fizycznej przestrzeni, w której realizowana jest edukacja uniwersytecka. W pierwszej części podejmę próbę zdefiniowania pojęcia ukrytego programu w kontekście interesującego mnie obszaru studiów – fizycznej pozadydaktycznej przestrzeni uniwersytetu. W tym celu odwołam się do wybranych autorów i opracowań poświęconych tej problematyce. Następnie przedstawię niektóre, głównie anglojęzyczne, przykłady badań w tym obszarze. Kolejna część tekstu poświęcona będzie zagadnieniom metodologicznym. Rozpocznę od określenia problemów badawczych – pytań o ukryty program organizacji wybranych elementów fizycznej pozadydaktycznej przestrzeni uniwersytetu, tj. wejścia do budynku, klatek schodowych, korytarzy oraz holi. Następnie omówię wybrany typ oraz sposób badania, czyli jakościową orientację badawczą, w której odwołam się do aktywności fotografowania w celu zgromadzenia materiału badawczego. Analiza danych wizualnych dostarczy mi podstaw do sformułowania wniosków z badań, stanowiących próbę odpowiedzi na pytania badawcze.
Brazylijska sztuka walki – tańca „capoeira”. Wykorzystanie technik jakościowych do badania grupy „capoeiristas”
Authors: Kolbowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2022

Tekst ten prezentuje wybrane wnioski z badań nad capoeirą w Polsce. Koncepcja badawcza opierała się na założeniu, że badania mają charakter eksploracyjny. Świadomość, że stykam się ze środowiskiem „niszowym”, nowym i jeszcze nie okrzepłym w krajobrazie polskiej popkultury, miała istotny wpływ na wybór metody badawczej. Wybór eksploracyjnego typu studiów jest szczególnie uzasadniony, gdy badanie dotyczy środowisk mało znanych, nowych czy też radykalnie odmiennych, podkreśla się wtedy zwłaszcza potrzebę i poznawczą atrakcyjność badań tego typu środowisk. Kierując się podobnymi względami, w tekście starałam się przyjmować punkt widzenia badanych, pozostając w zgodzie z założeniami paradygmatu interpretatywnego, dla którego istotnym elementem badań jest wyjaśnianie zjawisk i dążenie do lepszego ich zrozumienia.
​A Study on Intra-operative and Post-operative Analgesia with Intraperitoneal Ropivacaine and Dexmedetomidine in Pigs
Authors: Gokulraj S. , Bayan Hitesh , Konwar Bedanga , Mayengbam Prava , Rajesh J.B.
Published: February 2022

Background: Laparotomy procedure involving caesarean sections, spaying and hernia correction are common in swine. But these animals are not receiving good standard perioperative as well as post-operative care and analgesia. The purpose of this study was to introduce an effective treatment method for the management of surgery related pain in pigs. Methods: Study was conducted in 18 clinical cases of pigs operated for the correction of either umbilical or ventral hernia. The animals were randomly divided into three groups. All the animals were premedicated with meloxicam and anaesthesia was induced and maintained with diazepam-ketamine combination. Intraperitoneal administration of ropivacaine or ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine or normal saline was given in the treatment groups. The animals were observed till 24 hours for the recording of clinical parameters such as time for induction, depth of anaesthesia, perioperative analgesia, muscle relaxation, quality of recovery, recovery time, post-operative analgesia and physiological parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature and blood pressure. Result: Enhanced intraoperative and postoperative analgesia was observed following intraperitoneal infusion of ropivacaine and ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination in pigs. Clinical and cardio-respiratory changes were within the physiological limit after intraperitoneal administration of the drugs.
Pelatihan Pembuatan dan Pengemasan Teh Serai Murni sebagai Langkah Diversifikasi Produk Pertanian Dusun Precet
Authors: Naschicuddin Achmad , Widayani Heni , Nur Karisma Ria Dhea
Published: February 2022

Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat menjadi salah satu kegiatan implementasi teori dan konsep yang dimiliki perguruan tinggi untuk menyelesaikan masalah nyata di masyarakat. Salah satu bentuk kegiatan pengabdian yang dapat dilakukan adalah mengoptimalkan hasil pertanian lokal sehingga lebih bisa memiliki nilai jual dengan memanfaatkan teknologi tepat guna. Dusun Precet memiliki produk pertanian lokal berupa serai yang banyak dibudidayakan warga di setiap pekarangan rumah, namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu cara meningkatkan nilai jual dari tanaman serai ini bukan hanya dimanfaatkan menjadi bumbu masak, namun dapat juga diolah menjadi teh serai murni yang memiliki wangi khas serai dengan cita rasa serai yang masih kuat. Program ini mendapatkan respons positif dari warga di mana warga Dusun Precet terutama kelompok PKK berinisiatif untuk mencoba mengolah dan mengemas sendiri setelah selesainya acara pelatihan.
Analisis Hadis Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Salsabila Saila
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini membahas penjelasan hadis tentang pelestarian lingkungan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui studi pustaka dengan analisis isi. Dalam pembahasan penelitian ini meliputi pandangan umum tentang lingkungan, hadis tentang melestarikan lingkungan, dan upaya pelestarian lingkungan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa melestarikan lingkungan merupakan hal yang penting bagi manusia sebagai makhluk sosial dan merupakan salah satu bentuk keberimanan terhadap Allah SWT. Penelitian ini diharapkan memiliki manfaat bagi pengayaan khazanah pengetahuan Islam.

Kata kunci: Hadis; lingkungan; makhluk hidup; manusia.
Resepsi dan Pemahaman Masyarakat Terhadap Hadis-Hadis Misoginis: Studi Kasus di Desa Keban Agung Kec. Lawang Kidul Kab. Muara Enim
Authors: Amaliah Firda Padilla , Hasanah Uswatun , Nadhiran Hedhri
Published: February 2022

Artikel ini membahas tentang pemahaman masyarakat Desa Keban Agung Kec. Lawang Kidul Kab. Muara Enim terhadap hadis-hadis misoginis, latar belakang masyarakat dalam memahami hadis serta implikasi pemahaman hadis tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, yaitu data berupa penjelasan tentang fenomena sosial, subjek pada penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Desa Keban Agung, yang terdiri atas kepala desa, sekretaris desa, tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat dan masyarakat lainnya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sementara analisis data menggunakan metode deskripsi analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwasanya dari 60 informan terdapat 21 orang yang memahami keempat hadis tersebut dengan benar. Maka dapat disimpulkan pemahaman masyarakat masih sangat kurang. Sebab masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak memahami dan juga mengetahui keempat hadis tersebut. Faktor yang melatar belakangi masyarakat dalam memahami suatu hadis adalah faktor keluarga, faktor pendidikan, faktor pergaulan, dan media massa. Implikasi pemahaman hadis tersebut dalam keseharian masyarakat yaitu menjadi bahan untuk introspeksi diri, mengaplikasikan hadis ini dengan terus menasihati dan menyampaikan kepada masyarakat dan keluarga, bersyukur dan tidak durhaka terhadap suami, dan menyarankan untuk menjaga diri.
COVID-19, KURS DAN INDEKS SAHAM SYARIAH DI ASIA: SEBUAH PENDEKATAN SIMETRIS DAN ASIMETRIS
Authors: Jufri Achmad , Haryono Slamet
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan simetris jangka panjang pandemi Covid-19 dan kurs dollar terhadap indeks saham syariah di wilayah Asia dan menguji hubungan asimetris jangka panjang atau asimetris spillover effect indeks saham syariah Cina terhadap indeks saham syariah di wilayah Asia dalam periode 01 Januari 2020 sampai 30 Septermber 2021. Untuk menguji hubungan simetris jangka panjang, digunakan model Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) dan model Nonliner Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) untuk menguji hubungan asimetris jangka panjang. Hasil pengujian dengan model ARDL menemukan bahwa variabel pandemi Covid-19, yaitu jumlah kasus dan jumlah kematian serta kurs dollar berkointegrasi terhadap indeks saham syariah Thailand, Indonesia, Cina, Jepang, Kuwait, Qatar, Sri Lanka dan Taiwan. Sedangkan pengujian dengan model NARDL menemukan bahwa indeks saham syariah Cina berpengaruh asimetris terhadap indeks saham syariah Taiwan, Pakistan, dan Sri Lanka dalam jangka panjang. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh para pihak yang terlibat dalam sektor pasar modal, seperti pembuat kebijakan dan akademisi muslim sebagai langkah preventif dalam menganalisa pergerakan saham syariah dan khususnya investor internasional muslim sebagai bahan pertimbangan investasi pada masa pandemi Covid-19.
Te' tendsun yajkti te' näwayomo'. La cabra y la mujer del río
Authors:   Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Mexico, de la Cruz Morales Román , de la Cruz Valencia Román ,   Independent, Mexico
Published: February 2022

Te' tendsuŋ yajkti te' näwayom' is a Zoque legend told by Román de la Cruz Valencia from the town of Ocotepec, Chiapas. This legend was recorded in June 2017 when the speaker was 63 years old. The characters of the narrative are some supernatural animals or nahuales. The narrator indicated that there was a brave boy who wanted to find some of these animals to greet them, touch them or ride them. The boy always walked alone at night in the hopes of meeting some nahuales. The first one he found was a goat tendsuŋ that, when trying to ride it, the animal hit and injured him. As time went by, on a night with a full moon, he ran into the woman from the river näwayom' who was washing her clothes there. The boy approached her to see her face, lit a match near the woman’s face, and at that moment, the man lost consciousness for a day. All Zoque legends transmit a message, in this case, the storyteller indicates that his audience should avoid having contact with nahuales.
Subjektive Theorien zu religiöser Vielfalt von katholischen Religionslehrkräften. Eine explorative Studie
Authors: Gronover Matthias , Ambiel David , Riegel Ulrich , Brügge-Feldhake Malte , Jumpertz Sophia , Krämer Maximiliane , Boschki Reinhold
Published: February 2022

Subjektive Theorien von Religionslehrkräften spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der religionspäda­gogischen Theoriebildung. Zugleich stellen empirische Erhebungen subjektiver Theorien zur religiösen Vielfalt ein Desiderat der religionspädagogischen Forschung dar. Der Beitrag adressiert dieses Desiderat, indem er im Rahmen einer explorativen Interviewstudie Vorstellungen religiöser Vielfalt von Religionslehrkräften untersucht. Die in­haltsanalytische Untersuchung ergibt zwei Heuristiken, gemäß denen religiöse Vielfalt von Lehrkräften konstruiert wird. Einerseits greifen sie auf die nominalen Kategorien des Religionsdiskurses zurück, andererseits lässt sich ein vierdimensionales Modell entdecken, das religiöse Differenz entlang einer positionellen, einer stilistischen, einer kontextuellen und einer biografischen Dimension erfasst. Dieser Befund wird abschließend diskutiert
Ulfat, Fahimah / Ghandour, Ali (Hg.) (2020). Islamische Bildungsarbeit in der Schule. Theologische und didaktische Überlegungen zum Umgang mit ausgewählten Themen im Islamischen Religionsunterricht. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. ISBN 978-3-658-26720-9. 316 Seiten.
Authors: Tuna Mehmet H.
Published: February 2022

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A produção performativa de um homem na cena teatral
Authors: Monteiro Adão Freire , Toledo Luis Marcio Arnaut de
Published: February 2022

Como é o homem do seu espetáculo? Com essa pergunta e com as vozes que ecoam dos grupos reflexivos de homens autores de violência doméstica de gênero, este texto discorrerá sobre a produção do masculino no teatro, em obras onde pude acrescentar e/ou discordar, ampliando conceitos, parafraseando trechos de entrevistas cedidas por artistas e diretores de quatro espetáculos na cidade de São Paulo em 2016 e 2017.
Calar pra quê
Authors: Oliveira Andressa Menezes , Brondani Joice Aglae
Published: February 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo problematizar os incômodos assédios sofridos por atrizes nas salas de ensaios e no teatro, e a invisibilização destes no âmbito teatral, a partir de inquietações que surgiram durante o percurso artístico e acadêmico da discente. Uma vez que não é mais aceitável manter o sufocamento de especificidade do gênero feminino, esse tema se evidenciou como urgente durante a pesquisa de mestrado da discente autora, bem como da sua pesquisa de doutorado, ambas sob a orientação da docente autora.
A cena interditada
Authors: Fischer Stela Regina
Published: February 2022

A partir de quatro ações de ativismo artístico feminista on-line (o projeto “Quarentena sem violência contra as mulheres”, do Mal-Amadas Poética do Desmonte Grupo de Teatro Feminista/SP; “Pílulas Feministas”, podcasts produzidos pelo Núcleo de INvestigações FEminIstAS/MG; a videoperformance “[des]velhecer: reflexões sobre a mulher e o envelhecimento [na pandemia]”, criação do Rubro Obsceno/SP; e o espetáculo teatral “Estamos vivas”, das Atuadoras/SP), este texto propõe um relato reflexivo sobre como estamos nos mantendo vivas e em atividade neste período de pandemia.
One, two, three
Authors: Alencar Edvonete Souza de , Diaz-Levicoy Danilo , Soares Maria Rosana
Published: February 2022

Over the last few years, there have been many discussions about teacher training, especially in regards to further education. Thus, this article presents partial data from the project “Creation of children's literature stories for the teaching of Mathematics”. It also presents an analysis of continuing educations for teachers from the early years of Elementary School. Our goal was to identify the knowledge of teachers from the early years of Elementary School in the process of creating stories for teaching the decimal numeral system. We used the Design Experiment methodology, and the theoretical framework used for the analysis was the Mathematics Teacher’s Specialised Knowledge - MTSK. In general, we identified that the training process for creating stories promotes teacher reflection, especially concerning the domain of Pedagogical Content Knowledge - PCK.
Effectiveness of healthcare ethics training in the undergraduate medical curriculum: A quasi-experimental study from rural India
Authors: Banait Shashank , Jain Jyoti , Bokariya Pradeep , Khan Shahryar
Published: February 2022

Conventional medical education does not provide adequate training to undergraduates to resolve healthcare-related ethical dilemmas. This quasi-experimental study using a pre-post design was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices in healthcare ethics (HCE) and evaluate the effectiveness of the introduction of HCE in ethical behaviour among medical undergraduates at the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences in Sevagram, India. All the participants thought that knowledge of HCE is important. There was an improvement in the knowledge of HCE after the intervention, as both weighted mean and percentage consensus improved. In Phase I, absolute learning gain, relative learning gain, and normalised gain “g” were significantly higher after the intervention. In Phase II, the intervention showed low and moderate effectiveness in improvements in the affective and psychomotor domain, and in the ability to handle ethical issues, respectively; but no significant improvement in communication skills. During the feedback session, it was seen that a majority of the participants thought that it is the need of the hour to introduce skill-based HCE into their curriculum from the first year. It can be concluded that it is possible to improve knowledge, and affective, psychomotor ability to handle ethical issues among undergraduate medical students with formal training.
Landscape and Settlement over 4 millennia on the south side of Lake Issyk kul, Kyrgyzstan: Preliminary Results of Survey Research in 2019-2021
Authors: Chang Claudia , Ivanov Sergei Sergievich , Tourtellotte Perry Alan
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses the preliminary results of archaeological surveys conducted in the Juuku Region of north-central Kyrgyzstan on the south side of Lake Issyk kul. Our goal was to document ancient and contemporary agropastoral systems over a four millenia period. During the surveys about 350 loci were identified as settlements, burial mounds, graves, single artifact finds, and artifact scatters (ceramic). The areas of Juuku Valley survey included two discrete polygons: Polygon 1, Lower Juuku at 1750 to 1950 m asl in elevation and Polygon 2, Chak Juuku or Upper Eastern Branch Juuku Valley at 2060 to 2100 m asl in elevation. Three radiometric dates and preliminary archaeobotanical studies were conducted at three exposed profile cuts. The methods included here are: (1) pedestrian surveys; (2) use of digital maps (Google Earth, Encarta); (3) placing archaeological loci within known chronological time periods; (4) AMS dating of charcoal samples collected from profile deposits; and (5) preliminary identification of plant remains found from archaeobotanical samples. The results of our research represent the first step toward inventorying and interpreting archaeological data in the Juuku Valley derived from field studies.
Comparison of Auto Sampling and Passive Sampling Methods for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Wastewater
Authors: Wilson Melissa , Qiu Yuanyuan , Yu Jiaao , Lee Bonita E. , McCarthy David T. , Pang Xiaoli
Published: February 2022

Wastewater-based surveillance is emerging as an important tool for COVID-19 pandemic trending. Current methods of wastewater collection, such as grab and auto-composite sampling, have drawbacks that impede effective surveillance, especially from small catchments with limited accessibility. Passive samplers, which are more cost-effective and require fewer resources to process, are promising candidates for monitoring wastewater for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we compared traditional auto sampling with passive sampling for SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater. Torpedo-style 3D printed passive sampler device containing both cotton swabs and electronegative filter membranes was used. Between April and June 2021, fifteen passive samplers were placed at a local hospital wastewater outflow alongside an auto sampler. Reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the samples after processing and RNA extraction. The swab and membrane of the passive sampler showed similar detection rates and Ct values for SARS-CoV-2 RNA for the N1 and N2 gene targets. The passive method performed as well as the grab/auto sampling, with no significant differences between N1 and N2 Ct values. There were discrepant results on two days with negative grab/auto samples and positive passive samples, which might be related to the longer duration of passive sampling in the study. Overall, the passive sampler was rapid, reliable and cost-effective, and could be used as an alternative sampling method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.
Generative Adversarial Unsupervised Image Restoration in Hybrid Degradation Scenes
Authors: Tang Fan , Zhu Xinyu , Hu Jinrong , Tie Juhong , Zhou Jiliu , Fu Ying
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised blind restoration model for images in hybrid degradation scenes. The proposed model encodes the content information and degradation information of images and then uses the attention module to disentangle the two kinds of information. It can improve the ability of disentangled presentation learning for a generative adversarial network (GAN) to restore the images in hybrid degradation scenes, enhance the detailed features of restored image and remove the artifact combining the adversarial loss, cycle-consistency loss, and perception loss. The experimental results on the DIV2K dataset and medical images show that the proposed method outperforms existing unsupervised image restoration algorithms in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), and subjective visual evaluation.
Membrane Potential: Any Diffusion?
Authors: Delalande Bernard , Tamagawa Hirohisa , Matveev Vladimir
Published: February 2022

The generation and maintenance of membrane potential is a fundamental part of Membrane Pump Theory. One of the key points of this hypothesis is based on a natural or facilitated molecular diffusion through several types of ion channels and pumps like the Na/K ATPase. Chemistry, physics and especially electrochemistry, however, bring strong contradictions to this theoretical assumption. By respecting the principles of chemistry and electrostatics, it becomes obvious that this theoretical hypothesis cannot work. The ionic diffusion that would be at the origin of this potential cannot take place. Indeed, the topology and the forces involved definitively exclude the current model, which must absolutely be revised according to the current state of our knowledge and allow an advance in the understanding of the phenomena and open new research perspectives.
Relationship between Environmental Factors and Cancer: A Systematic Review on Environmental Carcinogens and Lung Cancer
Authors: Quazi Sameer , Malik Javid
Published: February 2022

The risk of lung cancer continues to elevate for both smokers and never-smokers. With the increasing morbidities and mortalities related to lung cancer, there is much interest on establishing other confounding factors that lead to lung cancer, other than smoking which is the most common cause. Some of the environmental factors have been identified as potential lung cancer causes. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to assess the relationship of environmental factors and lung cancer incidences by investigating various carcinogenic risks exposures that predispose an individual to lung cancer. The objective of this systematic review is thus to assess the evidence of relationship between environmental carcinogens and lung cancer incidence by systematically reviewing relevant studies. A standard criterion for the review methodology was formulated to guide the review process and data extraction. Online databases like PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus (EMBASE), Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CINAHL were systematically searched for articles published between 2000 and 2021 that explored potential environmental carcinogens that were believed to expose occupational workers and individuals within the environment with lung cancer risks. 25 studies were eligible based on the selection criteria, and were finally included in the systematic review among which four were case-control studies, seven were cohorts, five was prospective, four were previous systematic reviews and four were systematic analysis. Chemical exposures like pesticides were analyzed for their carcinogenesis. Air pollution was also discussed with particulate and coal being the core of evidence of association with lung cancer. Second hand smoke, Asbestos, metal compounds like copper, PVC dust particles and ionizing radiations also provided evidence of environmental carcinogenesis associating to lung cancer cases.
The Impact of Rare Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Variants on the Genomic Evaluation of Dairy Cattle
Authors: Suchocki Tomasz , Jakimowicz Michalina , Zarnecki Andrzej , Dziech Arkadiusz , Szyda Joanna
Published: February 2022

The experiments described in this research article were designed to test the effect of rare variants into genomic prediction in dairy cattle. Common polymorphisms are able to explain only a small proportion of the underlying genetic variation of complex phenotypes. Variants representing functional mutations with large effects on complex phenotypes are expected to be rare due to natural (humans) or artificial (livestock) selection pressure. Therefore, it is important to check whether the use of rare variants could increase the accuracy of ranking of animals by providing the tool for more precise differentiation among the bulls with high additive genetic merit. The goal of our study was to verify whether including rare variants in a genomic selection model allows for a more accurate description of the additive genetic background of traits under selection in dairy cattle. We used the linear mixed model for comparison SNP estimates for Holstein-Friesian cattle of the two data sets – a set containing only single nucleotide polymorphisms defined by minor allele frequency ≥ 0.01, which is routinely used in the Polish genomic evaluation system (46,216 SNPs), and a set containing SNPs selected based only on the call rate (54,378 SNPs). Based on the SNP estimates we also calculated DGV and GEBV and compared them between both data sets. In all the analyses we used production, fertility, conformation and udder health traits. We also assessed the time required for the two most computationally demanding components of genomic selection: preparing genotype data, and estimation of SNP effects between those two data sets. The results of our study indicated that the analysis including rare variants resulted in changes in the individual ranking of the top 100 male and female candidates, but had no effect on the outcome of the quality of EBV prediction as expressed by the Interbull validation test.
Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Sequential Optimization
Authors: Diachuk Maksym , Easa Said M.
Published: February 2022

This study presents the substantiation, development, and analysis of a technique for planning the autonomous vehicle (AV) motion reference parameters. The trajectory plan, speed and acceleration distributions, including other AV's kinematic parameters, are determined using sequential optimization. The study objectives are based on an analysis of the fundamental problems of AV motion planning summarized in this area's latest publications. The proposed approach combines the basic principles of the finite element method (FEM) and nonlinear optimization with nonlinear constraints. First, the generalization on representing an investigated function by finite elements (FE) is briefly described. A one-dimension FE with two nodes and three degrees of freedom (DOF) in a node was chosen as the basic one, corresponding to the 5th-degree polynomial. Next, a method for determining the motion trajectory is presented. The following are considered: formation of a restricted space for the AV's allowable maneuvering, the geometry of motion trajectory and its relation with vehicle steerability parameters, cost functions and their influences on the desirable trajectory's nature, compliance of nonlinear restrictions of the node parameters with the motion area boundaries. At the second stage, a technique for optimizing AV speed and acceleration redistribution is presented. The model considers possible combinations of cost functions, conditions of limiting the kinematic parameters with the tire slip critical speed, maximum speed level, maximum longitudinal acceleration, and critical lateral acceleration. In the simulation section, several variants of trajectories were searched and compared. Several versions of distributing the longitudinal speed and acceleration curves are determined, and their comparative analysis is fulfilled. At the end of the paper, the advantages and drawbacks of the proposed technique are noted. The conclusion is made regarding the options for improving the method in further studies.
Girls Outperform Boys in Early Syntactic Development? Negative Evidence from Mandarin-Speaking Preschoolers
Authors: Tong Nga Yui , Li Hui
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to verify the sex differences in early syntactic development among Cantonese-speaking children by Tse et al. (2002), with the same corpus design but a different Chinese language: Mandarin. The utterances produced during half-hour play activities by 192 Beijing children, ranging from 3 to 6 years, were collected in the Early Child Mandarin Corpus (Li & Tse, 2011) and analyzed for this study. Their syntactic development was measured in terms of mean length of utterance (MLU), sentence type and structure, syntactic complexity, and verb pattern. The statistical analyses indicated significant age differences in MLU, sentence types and structures, and syntactic complexity. However, no sex or age-by-sex differences were found. This negative evidence indicates that sex difference is neither universal nor cross-language. The implications for early childhood education and future studies are discussed.
Prediction of Linear Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Active against Gram Negative and Positive Bacteria Based on Machine Learning Models
Authors: Söylemez Ümmü Gülsüm , Yousef Malik , Kesmen Zülal , Erdem Büyükkiraz Mine , Bakır-Güngör Burcu
Published: February 2022

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics in order to overcome the growing problems of antibiotic resistance. Computational prediction approaches receive an increasing interest to identify and design the best candidate AMPs prior to the in-vitro tests. In this study, we focused on the linear cationic peptides with non-hemolytic activity, which are downloaded from the Database of Antimicrobial Activity and Structure of Peptides (DBAASP). Referring to the MIC (Minimum inhibition concentration) values, we have assigned a positive label to a peptide if it shows antimicrobial activity; otherwise the peptide is labeled as negative. Here, we focused on the peptides showing antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and against Gram-positive bacteria separately, and we created two datasets accordingly. Ten different physico-chemical properties of the peptides are calculated and used as features in our study. Following data exploration and data preprocessing steps, a variety of classification algorithms are used with 100-fold Monte Carlo Cross Validation to build models and to predict the antimicrobial activity of the peptides. Among the generated models, Random Forest has resulted in the best performance metrics for both Gram-negative dataset (Accuracy: 0.98, Recall: 0.99, Specificity: 0.97, Precision: 0.97, AUC: 0.99, F1: 0.98) and Gram-positive dataset (Accuracy: 0.95, Recall: 0.95, Specificity: 0.95, Precision: 0.90, AUC: 0.97, F1: 0.92) after outlier elimination is applied. This prediction approach might be useful to evaluate the antibacterial potential of a candidate peptide sequence before moving to the experimental studies.
Genome-Wide Genomic and Functional Association Study for Workability and Calving Traits in Holstein Cattle
Authors: Jakimowicz Michalina , Kosińska-Selbi Barbara , Suchocki Tomasz , Zarnecki Andrzej , Jagusiak Wojciech , Morek-Kopeć Małgorzata , Szyda Joanna
Published: February 2022

(1) Background: The goal of our study was to identify SNPs, metabolic pathways (KEGG), and gene ontology (GO) terms significantly associated with calving and workability; (2) Methods: Based on the EuroGenomics reference data set, we analyzed direct (DCE) and maternal (MCE) calving ease, direct (DSB), and maternal (MSB) stillbirth, milking speed (MSP), and temperament (TEM). We estimated SNP effects using a multi-SNP mixed-model. Further, SNP positions were mapped to genes, and GO terms/KEGG pathways of the corresponding genes were assigned. The estimation of GO term/KEGG pathway effects was based on a mixed-model using SNP effects as dependent variables; (3) Results: The number of significant SNPs comprised 59 for DCE, 25 for DSB and MSP, 17 for MCE and MSB, and 7 for TEM. Significant KEGG pathways were found for MSB (2), TEM (2), and MSP (1), while 11 GO terms were significant for MSP, 10 for DCE, 8 for DSB and TEM, 5 for MCE, and 3 for MSB.; (4) Conclusions: From the perspective of a better understanding of the genomic background of the phenotypes, traits with low heritabilities suggest that the focus should be moved from single genes to metabolic pathways or gene ontologies significant for the phenotype.
Molecular Detection of the Endosymbiont Wolbachia sp. in Acanthocheilonema Reconditum and Potential Vectors
Authors: Palacios Yineth , Rincón Reinel , Castellanos Angélica
Published: February 2022

Background: Wolbachia sp. is an endosymbiotic bacterium that is widespread among arthropods and filarial nematodes. It affects the fertility and maturation of its arthropod hosts, which in some cases are vectors of infectious diseases of humans and animals. Acanthocheilonema reconditum is a canine filarial nematode, which can eventually infect humans through arthropods. An outbreak of A. reconditum has been reported recently in dogs in the southwest of Colombia, specifically in Cali. In addition, Wolbachia sp. is currently used for the biological control of the mosquito Aedes egypti in cities in the north and south-west of Colombia. Aedes egypti is a vector of dengue fever, a major public health disease in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The objectives of this study were to detect Wolbachia sp. in mosquito and flea samples collected from dogs in southwestern Colombia and to determine the co-infection of Wolbachia sp. and A. reconditum in the recent outbreak of canine filariasis in Santiago de Cali. Methods: A total of 18 mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Culex and 18 Ctenocephalides felis fleas were collected in Santiago de Cali and nearby municipalities. DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA and ftsZ gene fragments were identified using conventional and nested polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the presence of Wolbachia sp. was analyzed in 55 cases positive for A. reconditum previously detected in the city, using the same molecular techniques. Results: From the analysis of 18 mosquitoes and 18 fleas, using molecular techniques based on the 16S rRNA and ftsZ genes, Wolbachia sp. was detected in all the arthropods analyzed. Wolbachia sp. was not detected in the samples obtained from dogs infected with A. reconditum. Conclusions: Molecular analyses were shown to be effective for the identification of Wolbachia sp. in mosquitoes and fleas but not in samples positive for A. reconditum.
Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study
Authors: Meira Karina Cardoso , Magnago Carinne , Mendonça Angelo Braga , Duarte Stephane Fernanda Soares , de Freitas Pedro Henrique Oliveira , Santos Juliano dos , Souza Dyego Leando Bezerra de , Simões Taynãna César
Published: February 2022

Cervical cancer is a public health issue with high disease burden and mortality in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were analyzing age, period, and cohort effects on cervical cancer mortality in women 20 years old or older from 1980 to 2019 in the North, South, and Southeast Regions of Brazil; and evaluating whether the implementation of a national screening program and the expansion of access to public health services caused impacts over the examined period and reduced the risk of death over the past years and among younger cohorts. The effects were estimated by applying Poisson regression models with estimable functions. The highest mortality rate by 100,000 women was found in Amazonas (24.13), and the lowest in São Paulo (10.56). A positive gradient was obtained for death rates as women’s age increased. The states in the most developed regions (South and Southeast) showed a reduction in the risk of death in the period that followed the implementation of the screening program and in cohort from the 1960s onwards. The North Region showed a decreased risk of death only in Amapá (2000–2004) and Tocantins (1995–2004; 2010–2019). The findings indicated that health inequities remain in Brazil and suggested that the health system has limitations regarding decreasing mortality associated with this type of cancer in regions with lower socioeconomic development.