bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Kadar Hemoglobin dan Denyut Nadi Istirahat terhadap Kapasitas Aerobik Siswa SMKN 58 Jakarta yang Mengikuti Ekstrakurikuler Futsal
Authors: Amanuloh Jamil Hudin , Purba Ruliando Hasea , Setiakarnawijaya Yasep
Published: December 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Kadar Hemoglobin dan Denyut Nadi Istirahat Terhadap Kapasitas Aerobik baik secara sendiri-sendiri maupun bersama-sama. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Klinik Mulya Farma, Setu Cipayung, Bambu  Apus  Jakarta  Timur  pada  tanggal  13  dan  21  September  2012. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik korelasi, sampel adalah siswa SMK N 58 Jakarta yang mengikuti ekstrakurikuler futsal. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Dari keseluruhan yang mengikuti ekstrakurikuler futsal diambil 18 orang untuk dijadikan sampel yang berdasarkan ciri-ciri, sifat-sifat dan karakteristik tertentu. Teknik pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis   statistik korelasi sederhana  dan  korelasi  ganda  yang  dilanjutkan  dengan  uji-t  pada  taraf signifikan Î± = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan pertama, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Kadar Hemoglobin terhadap Kapasitas Aerobik, dengan persamaan  garis regresi linear á»¸ = 15,32 + 0,69 X1, koefisien korelasi (ry1) = 0,72 X2, koefisien korelasi (ry2) = 0,71 dan determinasi (ry2) = 0,5041, yang berarti  variable  Denyut  Nadi  Istirahat  memberikan  sumbangan  terhadap Kapasitas Aerobik sebesar 50,41%. Ketiga, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Kadar Hemoglobin dan Denyut Nadi Istirahat secara bersama-sama terhadap Kapasitas Aerobik dengan persamaan garis regresi linear ganda á»¸ =0,69 dan koefisien determinasi (ry2) = 0,4761, yang berarti variable Kadar Hemoglobin  memberikan  sumbangan  terhadap  Kapasitas  Aerobik  sebesar 47,61%. Kedua, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Denyut Nadi Istirahat terhadap Kapasitas Aerobik, dengan persamaan garis regresi linear á»¸ = 14,07 + 3,5 + 0,44X1 + 0,49X2, koefisien korelasi ganda (Ry1-2) = 0,81 dan koefisien determinasi (Ry1-  2) = 0,6561, yang berarti bahwa variabel Kadar Hemoglobin dan  Denyut  Nadi  Istirahat  secara  bersama-sama  memberikan  sumbangan terhadap Kapasitas Aerobik sebesar 65,61%.

 Kata kunci: Kadar haemoglobin, denyut nadi istirahat, kapasitas aerobik, ekstrakurikuler futsal.
Pengembangan Model Permainan untuk Meningkatkan Daya Tahan Kardiorespirasi pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Widiastuti Widiastuti , Yuliasih Yuliasih , Suryawan Oki
Published: December 2019

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh model permainan yang dapat meningkatkan daya tahan kardiorespirasi pada siswa sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengembangan Research & Development (R & D) dari Borg and Gall, Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN Pegangsaan Dua 04 Petang Jakarta Utara yang berjumlah 33 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengukuran tes daya tahan kardiorespirasi menggunakan tes lari 600 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada tes awal nilai tertinggi yaitu 4,48 menit, nilai terendah 7,8 menit dan rata-rata 6,25 menit , pada tes akhir dengan nilai tertinggi 4 menit, nilai terendah 7,2  menit dan rata-rata 5,39 menit.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan 1). model permainan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan kardiorespirasi pada siswa Sekolah Dasar sangat dibutuhkan oleh para guru pendidikan jasmani dan mampu meningkatkan minat belajar secara efektif dan efisien. 2)  model permainan yang telah peneliti kembangkan, siswa lebih termotivasi serta aktif dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan daya tahan kardiorespirasi.

Kata Kunci: Pengembangan model, Permainan, Kardiorespirasi.
Pengaruh Metode Latihan dan Kecerdasan Emosional terhadap Kemampuan Smash Pemain Bulutangkis SMA Titian Teras Kota Jambi
Authors: Widowati Atri
Published: December 2019

Abstrak: Berdasarkan pengamatan tersebut, para pemain SMA Titian Teras Kota Jambi, Jambi dalam melakukan smash sering gagal, apalagi metode pertarungan tidak sistematis dan kemampuan teknik pemain masih kalah sempurna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode Komando, Eksplorasi dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap kemampuan menghancurkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimental; Populasi penelitian adalah siswa SMA Titian Teras Kota Jambi Jambi sebanyak 0,79 siswa, sedangkan sampel penelitian ini adalah 73 siswa setelah disalurkan ke dalam kelompok, 27% tingkat kecerdasan emosional tinggi dan 27% tingkat kecerdasan emosional rendah. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah uji kemampuan smash swhich yang memberi kesempatan untuk melakukan sampel sepuluh kali menghancurkan kotak yang ditentukan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: 1) terdapat perbedaan metode pelatihan kelompok antara kelompok dengan komando dan eksplorasi, (2) terdapat interaksi antara metode pelatihan dan kecerdasan emosional dalam pengaruhnya terhadap kemampuan smash, (3) tingkat tinggi kecerdasan emosional, metode komando lebih efektif daripada metode eksplorasi yang mudah rusak, (4) lebih jauh lagi, pada tingkat kecerdasan berpendapat yang rendah, metode eksplorasi lebih efektif daripada metode komando dalam kemampuan smashcapability.

Kata kunci : Metode latihan komando, Metode latihan eksplorasi,   Kecerdasan emosional, Kemampuan smash bulutangkis.
Pengaruh Aspek Psikologis terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Olahraga
Authors: Kurdi Kurdi , Putra MFP
Published: December 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui (1) apakah ada pengaruh pemberian reinforcement terhadap hasil belajar lompat tinggi gaya flop pada mahasiswa olahraga; (2) apakah ada pengaruh pemberian mental imagery terhadap hasil belajar lompat tinggi gaya flop pada mahasiswa olahraga; (3) apakah ada perbedaan hasil belajar lompat tinggi gaya flop antara mahasiswa yang diberikan reinforcement dengan yang diberikan mental imagery. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu yang terdiri dari 2 kelompok. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah mahasiswa olahraga semester I Prodi S1 Ikor FIK UNCEN. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah tes, yaitu tes kemampuan melakukan lompat tinggi gaya flop. Untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian akan digunakan uji beda mean sampel sejenis dan sampel berbeda. Hasil penelitian menemukan (1) ada pengaruh pemberian reinforcement terhadap hasil belajar lompat tinggi gaya flop pada mahasiswa olahraga; (2) ada pengaruh pemberian mental imagery terhadap hasil belajar lompat tinggi gaya flop pada mahasiswa olahraga; (3) tidak ada perbedaan hasil belajar lompat tinggi gaya flop antara mahasiswa yang diberikan reinforcement dengan yang diberikan mental imagery.

  Kata kunci: Reinforcement, Mental imagery, Gaya flop
PENGARUH MOTIVASI SISWA DALAM MENGIKUTI EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLA VOLI DI SMP NEGERI 13 KOTA BEKASI
Authors: Samsudin Samsudin , Rejeki Sri , Purnama Bonaventura
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler bola voli. Bagaimana motivasi dan apa yang menjadi motivasi siswa mengikuti ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Bekasi. Apa tujuan siswa mengikuti ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Bekasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif presentase, sedangkan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah angket/kuesioner. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling yaitu semua siswa yang mengikuti ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Bekasi yang berjumlah 10 anak.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 67,9% responden memiliki motivasi yang tinggi. 26,6% memiliki motivasi sedang. 5,5% memiliki motivasi rendah, dan tidak ada responden yang memiliki motivasi sangat rendah terhadap ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Bekasi. Motivasi siswa mengikuti ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli lebih dipengaruhi oleh motivasi instrinsik dengan hasil presentase 51,28%, sedangkan untuk motivasi ekstrinsik hasil presentase 48,72%. Tujuan siswa mengikuti ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli adalah agar bisa bermain Bola Voli, menambah pengalaman baru, mengembangkan bakat, ingin berprestasi, menambah teman dan mengisi waktu luang. Dari hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Bekasi Jepara memiliki motivasi yang tinggi terhadap ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli, yaitu 67,9% responden. Saran kepada Pihak Sekolah diharapkan pihak sekolah ikut dalam usaha peningkatan prestasi siswa dengan cara memperhatikan sarana dan prasarana yang tersedia. Kepada pelatih diharapkan berusaha untuk menumbuhkan motivasi intrinsik dalam diri siswa, karena siswa yang termotivasi secara intrinsik akan menunjukkan keterlibatan dan aktifitas yang tinggi dalam berlatih Bola Voli.
MODEL PERMAINAN KESEIMBANGAN UNTUK ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS (AUTISME) USIA 6-10 TAHUN
Authors: Padafani Yohanis , Siregar Novi Marlina , Nurdin Fatah , Widiastuti Widiastuti
Published: December 2019

Untuk mengetahui model permainan keseimbangan untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus (autisme) usia 6-10 tahun. Metode : Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu model pengembangan Borg and Gall terdiri dari 10 (sepuluh) tahapan di antaranya studi pendahuluan (research and Information collecting), merencanakan penelitian (planning), pengembangan desain (develop preliminary of product), preliminary field testing, revisi hasil uji lapangan terbatas (main product revision), main field test, revisi hasi uji lapangan lebih luas (operational product revision), uji kelayakan (operational field testing), revisi final hasil uji kelayakan (final roduct revision), dan desiminasi dan implementasi produk akhir (dissemination and implementation). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, melalui quisioner dan pengukuran standing balance test (stork test) untuk mengetahui keefektifan dari pengembangan model permainan yang diberikan kepada anak berkebutuhan khusus (autisme). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan ini, yaitu kuisioner dan pengukuran tes keseimbangan standing balance test (stork test). Pengambilan subjek (sampel) dalam penelitian ini dengan teknik purposive sampling, yaitu one group pre test dan post test design. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan model permainan yang dikembangkan,  yaitu sebanyak 34 model permainan yang dinilai valid dan layak, sehingga dapat meningkatkan keseimbangan pada anak berkebutuhan (autisme). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan pengukuran tes keseimbangan menggunakan stork test menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah pemberian model permainan.
DNA methylation and expression analyses reveal epialleles for the foliar disease resistance genes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Bhat Ramesh S. , Rockey J. , Shirasawa Kenta , Tilak I. S. , Patil M. P. Brijesh , Lachagari V. B. Reddy
Published: December 2019

Objective
Low DNA sequence polymorphism despite enormous phenotypic variations in peanut indicates the possible role of epigenetic variations. An attempt was made to analyze genome-wide DNA methylation pattern and its influence on gene expression across 11 diverse genotypes of peanut.
Results
The genotypes were subjected to bisulfite sequencing after 21 days of sowing (DAS). CHG regions showed the highest (30,537,376) DNA methylation followed by CpG (30,356,066) and CHH (15,993,361) across 11 genotypes. The B sub-genome exhibited higher DNA methylation sites (46,294,063) than the A sub-genome (30,415,166). Overall, the DNA methylation was more frequent in inter-genic regions than in the genic regions. The genes showing altered methylation and expression between the parent (TMV 2) and its EMS-derived mutant (TMV 2-NLM) were identified. Foliar disease resistant genotypes showed significant differential DNA methylation at 766 sites corresponding to 25 genes. Of them, two genes (Arahy.1XYC2X on chromosome 01 and Arahy.00Z2SH on chromosome 17) coding for senescence-associated protein showed differential expression with resistant genotypes recording higher fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (FPKM) at their epialleles. Overall, the study indicated the variation in the DNA methylation pattern among the diverse genotypes of peanut and its influence of gene expression.
Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vulvovaginitis Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon
Authors: Ghaddar Nahed , Anastasiadis Elie , Halimeh Rawad , Ghaddar Ali , Dhar Rita , AlFouzan Wadha , Yusef Hoda , Chaar Mira El
Published: December 2019

Background: Vaginal candidiasis is frequently prevalent in pregnant women and is associated with sepsis and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study determined the presence of Candida species in symptomatic pregnant women and evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated strains. It also aimed to explore whether Candida species predicts gestational complications and adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 258 pregnant women at 35 to 37 week of gestation participated in this study. Vaginal swabs from these patients were collected at various obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Lebanon for a period of 12 months. Candida isolates were identified at species level and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FCZ), amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ICZ) and voriconazole (VCZ) was determined by the agar-based E-test method. Results: Among 258 women tested, 100 (39%) were positive for Candida species. C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei were isolated from 42%, 41% and 17% of the women, respectively. C. albicans had significant positive associations with gestational diabetes while C. kreusi or C. glabrata had significant positive associations with gestational complications and vaginal discharge. The antifungal susceptibility tests of C. albicans isolates revealed 97.5%, 90%, 87.5% and 97.5% susceptibility to AMB, FCZ, ICZ and VCZ, respectively. . Conclusion: The current study revealed high incidence of both C. albicans and non-C. albicans strains causing vulvovaginitis among pregnant women in Beirut, Lebanon. Whereas the susceptibility rates of C. albicans against AMB and VCZ were high, FCZ and ICZ proved comparatively less efficacious. The resistance profile of circulating C. albicans among pregnant women can predict the best outcome of appropriate prophylaxis or treatment of neonatal candidiasis. Vaginal candida colonization might lead to adverse neonatal outcome or gestational complications thus Candida screening as antennal follow up is advised.
Randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled multi-centre study to assess the efficacy, tolerability and safety of Enterosgel® in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhoea (IBS-D) in adults
Authors: Kemppinen Anu , Howell Carol , Allgar Victoria , Dodd Matthew , Gregson John , Knowles Charles , McLaughlin John , Pandya Preeti , Whorwell Peter , Markaryan Elena , Yiannakou Yan
Published: December 2019

Background Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with diarrhoea (IBS-D) is a common and chronic condition that can significantly impair quality of life. The emergence of new drugs for IBS-D has been slow and there is a need for new treatments, including drug-free treatments, which are easy to use and suitable for different patient groups. Currently available drug-free treatments include Enterosgel®, an intestinal adsorbent approved for use in IBS-D and acute diarrhoea and available over-the-counter in the UK and 30 countries worldwide. The aim of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-centre study is to test the efficacy and safety of Enterosgel® compared to placebo in symptomatic treatment in IBS-D. Methods and design 430 participants with IBS-D will be recruited from approximately 30 primary and secondary care sites in England. Participants meeting the required abdominal pain and stool consistency criteria over a 2-week screening period, will be randomly allocated to receive blinded treatment (Enterosgel® or placebo) for 8 weeks. This will be followed by an 8-week open-label treatment phase with Enterosgel®. Participants will be allowed to adjust their daily dosage during both phases based on their symptoms. Participants will then return to standard care and those who responded to treatment will receive a follow-up call 8 weeks later. Co-medication with loperamide will be permitted and use recorded. The primary outcome measure is the percentage of participants defined as responders for abdominal pain and stool consistency during at least 4 weeks in the 8-week blinded phase. Secondary outcome measures include stool frequency, stool consistency, abdominal pain, bloating, urgency, adequate relief, questionnaire scores and rescue medication use. Exploratory outcomes will be assessed in subsets of participants including qualitative and quantitative data on faecal microorganisms and biomarkers, and gut-related measurements from magnetic resonance imaging data. Discussion This is the first large scale randomised controlled trial investigating Enterosgel® in IBS-D. A study design with blinded phase followed by an open-label phase was chosen to encourage participation and study completion. Demonstrating that Enterosgel® is effective and safe in IBS-D could encourage adoption by patients and healthcare professionals and foster future clinical trials assessing its use in related conditions.
Awareness of ADHD in primary care: stakeholder perspectives
Authors: French Blandine , Perez-Vallejos Elvira , Sayal Kapil , Daley David
Published: December 2019

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is underdiagnosed in many European countries and the process of accessing care and diagnosis is complex and variable. In many countries, general practitioners (GPs) refer on to secondary care where individuals receive an assessment and, if appropriate, a diagnosis and access to care. It is therefore essential that GPs have a clear understanding of the disorder and its care pathways. While previous studies have highlighted potential barriers in GPs’ ADHD awareness, this qualitative study aims to further explore individual stakeholders’ experiences.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews explored the views of multiple stakeholders- GPs (n=5), healthcare specialists (n=5), patients (adults with ADHD n=5) and parents (n=5) with experience of the presentation and management of ADHD in primary care. These interviews were analysed using thematic analyses and following principles of grounded theory.

Results: Stakeholders described ADHD assessment, diagnosis and treatment as an intricate process. Many factors affected this process such as complex pathways, lack of services, limited GP recognition and knowledge, and communicative difficulties between and within multiple stakeholders.

Conclusion: This analysis underlines the significant impact that receiving (or not) a diagnosis can have, and further explores muddled ADHD care pathways, highlighting key issues around GP identification and the shortage of adult services. Implications for practice and future research are discussed, suggesting a strong need for more commissioned pathways and GP specific educational programs.
Comprehensive 5P Framework for Active Aging Using the Ecological Approach: An Iterative Systematic Review
Authors: Lak Azadeh , Rashidghalam Parichehr , Myint Phyo K , Bradaran Hamid R
Published: December 2019

Background: "Active aging" is an inclusive term and has been defined from a variety of aspects in different domains throughout the literature. The aim of this review was to identify those aspects that play significant roles in building this concept using an ecological approach. Methods: In this study, seven online databases, including JSTOR, Pub-Med, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest, EBSCO, and Scopus, were searched from 2002 to 2018 for both qualitative and quantitative articles published in English. Two reviewers independently found the related articles using the search terms “active aging” and “built environment” and included both “ageing” and “aging”. Results: Of 1500 records which passed the screening stage, 92 were eligible for inclusion in the review. A total of 15 subthemes were derived: (1) personal characteristics, (2) behavioral attitude, (3) land use, (4) access, (5) physical form, (6) cityscape/city image, (7) public open spaces, (8) housing, (9) social environment, (10) cultural Environment, (11) economic environment, (12) good governance, (13) physical health, (14) mental health, and (15) social health. Ecological themes of active aging can be defined as the 5P model: person, processes, place, prime, and policymaking. Conclusions: The results of this study can shed light on different aspects of active aging. Also, the results emphasized the significance of the multidimensional nature of active aging, micro (person), meso (process), and macro systems (place and policymaking), based on health (prime) environments. Moreover, the results were based on the relationships between the person and the environment at the individual, interpersonal, and environmental levels, which can be used to conduct future studies and develop policies on aging populations.
Promoting parent-child relationships and preventing violence via home-visiting: A pre-post cluster randomised trial among Rwandan families linked to social protection programmes
Authors: Betancourt Theresa S. , Jensen Sarah K.G. , Barnhart Dale A. , Brennan Robert T. , Murray Shauna M. , Yousafzai Aisha K. , Farrar Jordan , Godfroid Kalisa , Bazubagira Stephanie M. , Rawlings Laura B. , Wilson Briana , Sezibera Vincent , Kamurase Alex
Published: December 2019

Background: Sugira Muryango ​ is a father-engaged early child development and violence-prevention home-visiting programme delivered by trained lay workers. This cluster-randomised trial evaluates whether families living in extreme poverty ( Ubudehe 1, the poorest category in the Government of Rwanda’s wealth ranking) who receive Sugira Muryango in combination with a government-provided social protection programme demonstrate greater responsive, positive caregiving, nutrition, care seeking, hygiene, and father involvement compared with control families receiving usual care (UC). Methods: Using detailed maps, we grouped closely spaced villages into 284 geographic clusters stratified by the type of social protection programs operating in the village clusters; 198 clusters met all enrolment criteria. Sugira Muryango was delivered to n=541 families in 100 treatment clusters with children aged 6–36 months living in extreme poverty. We assessed changes in outcomes in intervention and 508 UC control families using structured surveys and observation. Analyses were intent to treat using mixed models to accommodate the clustering. Results: Families receiving Sugira Muryango improved on core outcomes of parent-child relationships assessed using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (Cohen’s d =0.87, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.99) and the Observation of Mother-Child Interaction (Cohen’s d =0.29, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.41). We also saw reductions in harsh discipline on items from the UNICEF MICS (OR=0.30: 95% CI: 0.22, 0.51) and violent victimization of female caregivers by their partners (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.00) compared with UC. Moreover, children in families receiving SM had a 0.45 higher increase in food groups consumed in the past 24 hours (Cohen’s d =0.35, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.47), increased care seeking for diarrhoea (OR=4.43, 95% CI: 1.95, 10.10) and fever (OR=3.28, 95% CI: 1.82, 5.89), and improved hygiene behaviours such as proper treatment of water (OR=3.39, 95% CI: 2.16, 3.69) compared with UC. Finally, Sugira Muryango was associated with decreased caregiver depression and anxiety (OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.88). Conclusions: Sugira Muryango led to improvements in caregiver behaviours linked to child development and health as well as reductions in violence. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02510313.
Surgical Workflow Simulation for the Design and Assessment of Operating Room Setups in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Neumann Juliane , Angrick Christine , Höhn Celina , Zajonz Dirk , Ghanem Mohamed , Roth Andreas , Neumuth Thomas
Published: December 2019

Background
The design and internal layout of modern operating rooms are influencing the team’s collaboration and communication, ergonomics, as well as intraoperative hygiene substantially. Nevertheless, there is no objective method for the assessment and design of the personnel and table positions for different surgical disciplines and intervention types available. The aim of this work is to establish an improved OR setup for common procedures in arthroplasty.
Methods
With the help of computer simulation techniques, a method for the objective design and assessment of enhanced OR setups was developed. In this work, new OR setups were designed, analyzed in a computer simulation environment and evaluated in the actual intraoperative setting.
Results
The implementation of improved OR setups reduces the instrument handover time between the surgeon and the scrub nurse, the travel paths of the OR team as well as shortens the procedure duration. Additionally, the ergonomics of the OR staff were improved.
Conclusion
The developed simulation method was intraoperatively evaluated and proved its benefit for the design and optimization of OR setups for different surgical intervention types. As a clinical result, enhanced setups for total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty surgeries were established in daily clinical routine and the OR efficiency was improved.
Clinical Population Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Protocol of Alkaloids from Leaf of Alstonia scholaris on Acute Bronchitis Patients
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Wan-Tong , Zhao Yun-Li , Sun Ming-Yue , Fan Mao-Rong , Luo Xiao-Dong , Gao Rui , Li Xin-Gang
Published: December 2019

Background Acute tracheobronchitis is the acute tracheobronchial mucosal inflammation caused by biological, physical, chemical stimulation, and accompanied by symptoms of cough and expectoration. The capsule of alkaloids from leaf of Alstonia scholaris (CALAS), an effective part riches in alkaloids, has the antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, anti-tussive, anti-asthmatic, immunoregulation effects. However, whether the clinical indexes could be improved by the same ingredients and pathways after oral administration, and the changes in the relationship between ingredients and pharmacodynamics indexes, still need further clinical verification.Methods/design This is a prospectively planned, blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-grouped clinical trial with aggregated population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PPK/PD) data. 55 subjects will be randomly allocated into four arms, specifically, 10 of the 55 subjects were selected randomly for the placebo arm who will be orally administered with placebo (Tid), and 45 subjects were randomly assigned to CALAS treatment group (20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg Tid, 15 subjects per group). The medication, cough and phlegm, body temperature of every subject should be recorded daily during treatment. Each subject will be collected 3-4 blood samples at the following points for PPK/PPD parameters analysis. Blood samples will be acquired pre-dose (0 h) and post-dose at 15 min, 40 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 30 h, 48 h after last dosing. All subjects will receive a laboratory examination and efficacy evaluation on day 8.Discussion A new integrating strategy to explore relationship among drug ingredients, action pathway and clinical efficacy will be established through this study. We aim to explore the mechanism of CALAS in treatment of acute bronchitis on the premise of definite active ingredients and reliable clinical efficacy. It is difficult to be accepted by patients since classical pharmacokinetics (PK) research adopts intensive sampling method, meanwhile, it cannot quantify the variability of PK parameters (Intra-individual variation, interindividual variation and weekly variation). Moreover, extrapolation and prediction of dosage regimen between different species and populations cannot be realized. Therefore, PPK/PPD method, usually taking advantage of sparse data (3-5 time points sampling per patient), which be selected to find out the measurable factors of pathology and physiology that lead to the change of dose-concentration, and guide reasonable dose adjustment to achieve the optimal clinical effects.
Barriers for teaching communication skills in Spanish Medical Schools: a qualitative study with academic leaders
Authors: Ruiz-Moral Roger , de Leonardo Cristina García , Pérez Alvaro Cerro , Martínez Fernando Caballero , Martín Diana Monge
Published: December 2019

Background: In recent years, Spanish medical schools (MSs) have been incorporating training in communication skills (CS), although how this is being carried out has not yet been evaluated. Objective: to identify the barriers to the introduction and development of CS teaching in Spanish MSs.
Methods: Based on participation in a previous study, 34 (83%) MSs (34) were invited to participate in a previous study that explored factual aspects of teaching CS in these schools. Person responsible for the teaching this domain were contacted at each school and asked to respond to a single open ended question. Two researchers independently conducted a thematic analysis of the responses.
Results: We received responses from 30 MSs, (85.7% of those contacted and 73% of all MSs in Spain). Five main thematic areas were identified, each with different sub-areas: negative attitudes of teachers and academic leaders, type of organisation, structure and presence in the CS curriculum, negative attitudes of students, lack of trained teachers and problems linked to teaching methods and necessary educational logistics.
Conclusions: The barriers and problems identified indicate there are areas for improvement in the teaching CS in most Spanish MSs. There seem to be a vicious circle in the dynamic relationship and interdependence of all these problems, that should be faced with different strategies but, at the same time, requiring a significant cultural shift as well as decisive institutional support at the local and national level. This represents a major challenge that must be addressed in order for students to learn these skills more effectively and avoided negative attitudes toward learning CS.
Absorbable suture can be effectively and safely used to close the mesenteric defect in a Gastric bypass Sprague-Dawley Rat Model
Authors: Yao Libin , Dolo Ponnie Robertlee , Shao Yong , Li Chao , Widjaja Jason , Hong Jian , Zhu Xiaocheng
Published: December 2019

Background: To observe if closing the mesenteric defect with absorbable sutures creates a safe adhesion compared to non-absorbable suture after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups according to the different suture materials used in closing the mesenteric defects (Peterson’s space) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Group A (control group), Group B (non-absorbable suture, Prolene suture), Group C (biological glue), Group D (non-absorbable suture, polyester suture) and Group E (absorbable suture). All rats were followed up for 8 weeks postoperatively and underwent laparotomy to observe the degree of adhesion and closure of the mesenteric defect.
Results: No significant difference was found in the decrease in food intake and body weight among all groups. No internal hernia (IH) occurred in any group. The mesenteric defects of Group A remained completely visible without any closure or adhesion. Multiple gaps were found between the Prolene suture and the mesentery along the suture line in Group B. The mesenteric defects of Group C were complete closed with multiple adhesions of the small intestine and the greater omentum. The mesenteric defects in both Group D and Group E closed completely. The average adhesion scores in Group A and Group B were 0 and 0.33±0.52 respectively. The average adhesion score in group C (3.83±0.41) was higher than the other groups (p ＜ 0.05). The average adhesion scores in Group D and E were similar (3.17±0.41 and 3.00±0.00 respectively).
Conclusion: Absorbable suture created a safe adhesion score between the mesentery which was not inferior to non-absorbable sutures.
Near-infrared auto-fluorescence spectroscopy combining with Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis improves intraoperative real-time identification of normal parathyroid in thyroidectomy
Authors: Liu Junsong , Wang Xiaoxia , Wang Rui , Xu Chongwen , Zhao Ruimin , Li Honghui , Zhang Shaoqiang , Yao Xiaobao
Published: December 2019

Background To evaluate the efficacy of a sensitive, real-time tool for identification and protection of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy.
Methods Near-infrared (NIR) auto-fluorescence was measured intraoperatively from 20 patients undergoing thyroidectomy. To determine the accuracy of NIR identification furtherly, intraoperative fast frozen pathological examination and postoperative immunohistochemical staining were performed on the suspicious parathyroid glands and other neck tissues. Data were extracted for Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis.
Results The auto-fluorescence intensity of parathyroid was significantly higher than that of thyroid, fat and lymph node. The peak intensity of auto-fluorescence from parathyroid was 5.55 times as much as that from thyroid at the corresponding wave number. Of the 20 patients, the parathyroid was accurately detected and identified in 19 patients by NIR system, compared with their histopathological results. One suspicious parathyroid tissue did not exhibit characteristic spectra, and finally was proved to be fat tissue by histopathological examination. The NIR auto-fluorescence method had a 100% (19/19) sensitivity of parathyroid glands identification and a high accuracy of 95% (19/20). The positive predictive value was 95%. The parathyroid gland has specific auto-fluorescence spectrum and can be separated from the other three types of tissues through the Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis with the average accuracy rate around 90%.
Conclusions NIR auto-fluorescence spectoscopy can accurately identify normal parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy. The Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis demonstrated the specificity of the NIR auto-fluorescence of parathyroid tissue and its efficacy in parathyroid discrimination.
Genome-wide identification of expansin gene family reveals expansin genes are involved in fibre cells growth in cotton
Authors: Lv Limin , Zuo Dongyun , Wang Xingfen , Cheng Hailiang , Zhang Youping , Wang Qiaolian , Song Guoli , Ma Zhiying
Published: December 2019

Background : Expansins ( EXPs ), a group of proteins that loosen plant cell walls and cellulosic materials, are involved in regulating cell growth and diverse developmental processes in plants. However, the biological functions of this gene family are still unknown in cotton.
Results: In this paper, we identified a total of 93 expansin genes in Gossypium hirsutum . These genes were classified into four subfamilies, including 67 GhEXPAs , 8 GhEXPBs , 6 GhEXLAs , and 12 GhEXLBs , and divided into 15 subgroups. All 93 expansin genes are distributed over 24 chromosomes excluding Ghir_A02 and Ghir_D06. All GhEXP genes contain multiple exons and each GhEXP protein has multiple conserved motifs. Transcript profiling and qPCR analysis revealed that the expansin genes have distinct expression patterns in different stages of cotton fibre development. Among them, 3 genes ( GhEXPA4o , GhEXPA1A , and GhEXPA8h ) were highly expressed in the initiation stage, 9 genes ( GhEXPA4a , GhEXPA13a , GhEXPA4f , GhEXPA4q , GhEXPA8f , GhEXPA2 , GhEXPA8g , GhEXPA8a , and GhEXPA4n ) had high expression during the fast elongation stage, while GhEXLA1c and GhEXLA1f were preferentially expressed in the transition stage of fibre development.
Conclusions: Our results provide a solid basis for further elucidation of biological functions of expansin genes in cotton fibre development and valuable genetic resources used for crop improvement in the future.
Lonely places or lonely people? Investigating the relationship between loneliness and place of residence
Authors: Victor Christina R , Pikhartova Jitka
Published: December 2019

Background: Loneliness in later life is largely presented as a problem of the individual focusing upon antecedents such as demographic or health factors. Research examining the role of the broader living environments is much rarer. We examined the relationship between loneliness and three dimensions of the lived environment: geographical region, deprivation, and area classification (urban or rural). Methods: Our sample consisted of 4,663 core members (44% males) aged 50+ (wave 7 mean age 72.8, S.D.= 7.1) present both in waves 3 (2006) and 7 (2014) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Loneliness was measured using two approaches, individual and area-based, and both waves included these questions. Individual-based (self-reported) loneliness was assessed using the three item University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scale (ranging from 3 =not lonely to 9= lonely with a score of 6+ defining loneliness. We also used a novel question which asked participants to evaluate how often they felt lonely in their area of residence (area-based; ranging from 1=often to 7=never, using cut off 4+ to define loneliness). The lived environment was classified in three different ways: the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), Government Office Regions (GOR), and area classification (urban or rural). Covariates with established relationship with loneliness including demographic factors, social engagement and health, were included in the analyses. Results: In wave 7, the prevalence of individual-based loneliness was 18% and area-based was 25%. There was limited congruence between measures: 68% participants reported no individual- or area-based loneliness and 9% reported loneliness for both measures. After adjusting for individual co-variates only one significant relationship was observed between loneliness and area -based characteristics. A significant association was observed between area-based loneliness and deprivation score, with higher levels of loneliness in more deprived areas (OR=1.4 for highest quintile of deprivation). Conclusions: Our results indicate that loneliness in older adults is higher in the most deprived areas independent of individual-level factors. In order to develop appropriate interventions further research is required to investigate how area-level factors combine with individual-level loneliness vulnerability measures to generate increased levels of loneliness in deprived areas.
Formulation of Improved Traditional Drugs against virulent species of Salmonella spp in Benin: assessment of the properties from Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus in Benin, West Africa
Authors: LEGBA Boris , DOUGNON Victorien , GBAGUIDI Carène , ANIAMBOSSOU Alidah , DEGUENON Esther , DOUGNON Jacques , BABA-MOUSSA Lamine
Published: December 2019

Background Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae), Phyllantus amarus (Phyllantaceae) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) are empirically alleged to be used as Beninese medicinal plants in the treatment of salmonellosis. This study aimed to produce scientific data on in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus on multiresistant Salmonella spp isolated in Benin.Results After in vitro tests on aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus , only the aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae (leaves) showed the best anti- Salmonella ’s activity. It has been used for the following experiments. The induction of salmonellosis revealed 9.0 10 8 CFU/ml was optimal concentration for triggering and maintaining the symptoms in chicks. This infective concentration has been used for in vivo assessment. 24 hours post inoculation later, the symptoms of salmonellosis (wet cloaca, diarrhea stool and somnolence) were observed in infected groups. After seven days of treatment, the rate of reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 400 mg / L of this extract was 85%, 52.38% and 98% respectively in the chicks groups infected with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028. About the groups infected with Salmonella spp (virulent strain), the rate of reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 400 mg / L of this extract was 0%, 98.66% and 99.33%. The toxicity tests did not show any significant effect of the Uvaria chamae ’s extract on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the chicks.Conclusion The aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae is active in vitro and in vivo on multiresistant strains of Salmonella spp . This plant is a good candidate for the development of an improved traditional medicine for the management of salmonellosis.
Evaluation of oral care protocols practice by dentists in Rio de Janeiro towards HIV/AIDS individuals
Authors: Silva-Boghossian Carina Maciel , Boscardini Brenda Azzariti Berrondo , Pereira Claudia Maria , Moreira Edson Jorge Lima
Published: December 2019

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentists’ knowledge and practice regarding HIV positive individuals’ oral care in Rio de Janeiro State. Methods Dentists from Rio de Janeiro State (n = 242) answered an electronic questionnaire on biosafety procedures, oral manifestations of AIDS, and knowledge of HIV infection. Collected information was stratified by gender, and data were analyzed using Chi-square and t tests. Results From the 14 oral manifestations investigated, oral candidiasis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and hairy leucoplakia were more associated with HIV, with no differences between the responses from men and women. Above 85% of the participants would be concerned about becoming infected with HIV after a needle/ sharp object injury and more than 80% of them were willing to be tested for HIV. However, significantly more women (98.8%), compared to men (91.3%), said they knew that HIV/ AIDS patients can contaminate dental care professionals, p = 0.007. There was a significant difference in the answers for the questions: “Are there special dental clinics for treatment of HIV/AIDS patients in Brazil?” (p = 0.044), and “Do the negative HIV tests surely indicate that the persons are free of viruses?” (p = 0.005). Significant differences between men and women were also observed regarding use of disposable mask (p = 0.01), and cap (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Most dentists who participated in the study presented a good knowledge on the care of HIV/ AIDS individuals, including biosafety protocols and in terms of the oral manifestations commonly associated to AIDS.
Characteristics of sleep/wake problems and delivery outcomes among pregnant Japanese women without gestational complications
Authors: Umeno Shiho , Kato Chiho , Nagaura Yuki , Kondo Hideaki , Eto Hiromi
Published: December 2019

Background : Frequently observed sleep/wake problems among pregnant women need comprehensive evaluation. This study was conducted to clarify the sleep/wake problems among pregnant women without gestational complications during the second and third trimester and the effects of sleep/wake problems on delivery outcomes.
Methods : A total of 88 Japanese pregnant women participated in this study. In their second and third trimester, subjective sleep quality, insomnia severity, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) were assessed using questionnaires; also, sleep disordered breathing (SDB) was screened using a pulse oximeter.
Results : From the second to the third trimester, an increasing tendency of sleep/wake problems was observed. During the third trimester, the percentages of women experiencing decreased subjective sleep quality, difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), EDS, RLS/WED, and 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) values ≥ 5/hour were 62.5%, 45.5%, 48.9%, 9.1%, and 29.5%, respectively. In a logistic regression analysis for EDS in the third trimester, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of total sleep time < 6 hours, moderate to severe DMS, and 3% ODI values ≥ 5/hour were 3.25 (1.16–9.10), 4.74 (1.60–14.00), and 0.90 (0.28–2.89), respectively. Although short sleep times, decreased subjective sleep quality, EDS, and SDB did not affect delivery outcomes or the infant’s condition, the percentage of women undergoing cesarean sections in the severe insomnia group was significantly higher (p = 0.008), and one case of stillbirth with severe sleep/wake problems including RLS/WED, short sleep times, decreased sleep quality, insomnia, and EDS occurred.
Conclusions : Sleep/wake problems were frequent during pregnancy, especially during the third trimester. EDS among pregnant women was associated with shorter sleep times and DMS rather than SDB. The effect of factors related to insomnia on delivery outcomes should thus be considered as a crucial problem among pregnant Japanese women without gestational complications in the clinical practice.
Full-length transcriptome sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis to uncover genes involved in early gametogenesis in the gonads of Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii)
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Zhou Jiabin , Li Linmiao , Huang Wenzhong , Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq , Li Huiming , Jiang Haiying , Chen Jinping
Published: December 2019

Background: Sturgeons (Acipenseriformes) are polyploid chondrostean fish that constitute an important model species for studying development and evolution in vertebrates. To better understand the mechanisms of reproduction regulation in sturgeon, this study combined PacBio isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) with Illumina short-read RNA-seq methods to discover full-length genes involved in early gametogenesis of the Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii. Results: A total of 50.04 G subread bases were generated from two SMRT cells, and herein 164,618 nonredundant full-length transcripts (unigenes) were produced with an average length of 2,782 bp from gonad tissues (three testes and four ovaries) from seven 3-year-old A. schrenckii individuals. The number of ovary-specific expressed unigenes was greater than those of testis (19,716 vs. 3,028), and completely different KEGG pathways were significantly enriched between the ovary-biased and testis-biased DEUs. Importantly, 60 early gametogenesis-related genes (involving 755 unigenes) were successfully identified, and exactly 50 percent (30/60) genes of those showed significantly differential expression in testes and ovaries. Among these, the Amh and Gsdf with testis-biased expression, and the Foxl2 and Cyp19a with ovary-biased expression strongly suggested the important regulatory roles in spermatogenesis and oogenesis of A. schrenckii, respectively. We also found the four novel Sox9 transcript variants, which increase the numbers of regulatory genes and imply function complexity in early gametogenesis. Finally, a total of 236,672 AS events (involving 36,522 unigenes) were detected, and 10,556 putative long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 4,339 predicted transcript factors (TFs) were also respectively identified, which were all significantly associated with the early gametogenesis of A. schrenckii. Conclusions: Overall, our results provide new genetic resources of full-length transcription data and information as a genomic-level reference for sturgeon. Crucially, we explored the comprehensive genetic characteristics that differ between the testes and ovaries of A. schrenckii in the early gametogenesis stage, which could provide candidate genes and theoretical basis for further the mechanisms of reproduction regulation of sturgeon.