bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVISIÓN DE LA EFECTIVIDAD DE MEDIDAS NO FARMACOLÓGICAS DIRIGIDAS A LA PREVENCIÓN DE LA MUCOSITIS ORAL EN PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS
Authors: Rubio Laura
Published: August 2020

La Mucositis oral (MO) es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes y graves entre los pacientes sometidos a tratamientos de radioterapia y/o quimioterapia. Su impacto como evento adverso (EA) afecta directamente a las necesidades básicas, derivando incluso en la interrupción o retraso del tratamiento oncológico.

 

Este trabajo de revisión crítica de la literatura pretende analizar la efectividad de diferentes medidas no farmacológicas como alternativa en la prevención de la MO. La metodología llevada a cabo sigue un proceso planificado y estructurado con la pertinente búsqueda exhaustiva en diversas bases de datos y revistas científicas, tales como: Medline (OVID), Cinhal, Cochrane y Cuiden.

 

Existen numerosas medidas recogidas en la literatura para abordar la prevención de la MO tales como la crioterapia oral, miel, melaza de morera negra, silimarina, propóleo, polen de palmera datilera, enjuagues de clorhexidina y povidona yodada. La evidencia obtenida resulta inconcluyente, siendo necesario realizar más investigaciones.

 

Palabras Clave: Mucositis oral, Prevención primaria, Radioterapia, Quimioterapia, Crioterapia, Miel, Silimarina, Polen de palmera datilera, Propóleo, enjuagues bucales, Canela.

 

 

ABSTRACT:

 

Oral Mucositis (OM) is one of the most frequent and serious complications of patients undergoing radiotherapy and / or chemotherapy treatments. Its impact as an adverse event (AE) directly affects basic needs, even leading to the interruption or delay of cancer treatment.

 

A bibliographic search has been done in order to analyze the effectiveness of different non-pharmacological measures as an alternative in preventing OM. The methodology carried out follows a planned and structured process with an exhaustive search in several databases and scientific journals, for example: Medline (OVID), Cinhal, Cochrane and Cuiden.

 

There are numerous measures collected in the literature to prevent OM such as:  oral cryotherapy, honey, black mulberry molasses, silymarin, propolis, date palm pollen, chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine rinses. The evidence obtained is inconclusive, and further research is needed.

 

Key words: Oral mucositis/stomatitis, Primary prevention, Radiotherapy, Drug therapy, Cryotherapy, Honey, Silymarin, Pollen, Propolis, mouthwashes, Cinnamomum osmophloeum.
SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS AND ORGANIZATIONAL BASES OF OPERATIONAL SEARCH PREVENTION CARRIED OUT BY OPERATIVES OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE OF RUSSIA
Authors: Галахов Сергей Сергеевич , Голубцова Ксения Ивановна
Published: August 2020

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблем и организационных основ оперативно-розыскной профилактики, осуществляемой оперативными сотрудниками исправительных учреждений ФСИН России. Под оперативно-розыскной профилактикой (далее - ОРП) правонарушений в исправительных учреждениях (далее - ИУ) понимается комплекс гласных и негласных агентурных и оперативно-розыскных мероприятий, проводимых в отношении лиц, которые были осуждены к наказанию в виде лишения свободы, с целью выявления, изучения, а также нейтрализации различных негативных факторов, способствующих возникновению у данных лиц умысла на совершение правонарушения. Авторами отмечается, что в процессе проведения оперативно-розыскных мероприятий особое внимание необходимо уделять нейтрализации влияния лидеров отрицательной направленности, которая эффективна лишь при развенчании их авторитета. Вместе с тем организация ОРП в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы имеет свои особенности. Главная из них заключается в том, что в работе по ОРП, помимо оперативных сотрудников, принимают участие и иные сотрудники учреждения, а в ряде случаев и сотрудники иных организаций и ведомств. Это обусловливает необходимость использования в организации их работы методов программно-целевого управления. Рассмотренные в данной статье вопросы ОРП должны, по мнению авторов, способствовать снижению уровня криминализации осужденных.

The article examines the problems and organizational bases of operational search prevention carried out by operatives of penal institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Operational search prevention (hereinafter referred to as OSP) of offenses in penal institutions (hereinafter referred to as PI) refers to a set of public and secret agent and operational search activities carried out in relation to persons sentenced to imprisonment, to identify, study, and neutralize various negative factors that contribute to the emergence of illegal persons to commit a crime. The authors note that in the process of conducting operational investigative measures, special attention should be paid to neutralizing the influence of negative leaders, which is effective only when "debunking" their authority. According to the authors, the issues of OSP considered in this article should contribute to reducing the level of criminalization of convicted persons. It is in these conditions that it is possible to effectively implement the key role of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia as a multi-functional subject for the prevention of penitentiary crime in correctional institutions.
CRIMINAL AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF PHYSICAL FORCE AND SPECIAL MEANS ABUSEBY PENAL STAFF
Authors: Латыпова Динара Мансуровна
Published: August 2020

В статье рассматриваются вопросы квалификации действий сотрудников исправительных учреждений, применяющих физическую силу и специальные средства к осужденным в случаях, предусмотренных действующим законодательством. На основе анализа статистических данных, научной литературы проводится исследование квалификации действий сотрудника в рамках реализации своего права на необходимую оборону и причинение вреда при задержании осужденного, совершающего противоправные действия. Исследуются вопросы разграничения правомерных действий сотрудника пенитенциарного учреждения, применяющего физическую силу и специальные средства в случае нападения на него осужденного от превышения должностных полномочий. Анализируются положения уголовного законодательства, материалы судебной практики по исследуемой теме, указываются пробелы в регулировании вопросов квалификации в постановлениях Пленума Верховного суда РФ. Обосновывается необходимость закрепления нового обстоятельства, исключающего преступность деяния в случае действий сотрудника исправительного учреждения, применяющего физическую силу и специальные средства. Предлагается внесение изменений в уголовно-правовую норму о превышении должностных полномочий, а именно разграничение квалифицирующих и особо квалифицирующих признаков состава в зависимости от применения физической силы, специальных средств либо оружия.

The article deals with the qualification of actions of penal officers using physical force and special means in relation to convicted persons in cases prescribed by current legislation. Based on the analysis of statistical data and scientific literature, a study is conducted concerning the qualifications of the penal officers’ actions in the framework of the exercise of their rights to the necessary defense and harm when detaining a convictcommitted unlawful acts. The issues of delimitation of lawful actions of a penal officer using physical force and special means in the case of an attack on him by a convict from exceeding official powersare considered. The provisions of the criminal law, judicial practice materials on the topic under study are analyzed, the gaps in the regulation of qualification issues are indicated in the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The need fora newfactcaptureexcluding criminality of an act in the case of actions on the part of a penal officer using physical force and special means is demonstrated. It is suggested to amend the criminal legal norm on exceeding official powers, namely the distinction between qualifying and especially qualifying features of the elements depending on the use of physical force, special means or weapons.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF SAFE CONDITIONS ORGANIZATION DURING THE PROTECTION OF SICK CONVICTED AS WELL AS DETAINED PERSONS IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
Authors: Шиханов Вячеслав Александрович , Казначеев Валерий Александрович
Published: August 2020

В статье подробно изучены и проанализированы нормативно-правовые акты Российской Федерации, охраняющие жизнь и здоровье каждого человека, так как данные нормативно-правовые акты в такой же мере распространяются и на лиц, находящихся в местах лишения свободы. Актуальность данной проблемы, на наш взгляд, обусловлена тем, что в своей практической деятельности администрация учреждения часто сталкивается с вопросом такого характера. Это в свою очередь порождает ряд проблем современной УИС: медицинское обеспечение УИС, сокращение численности штата, плохо организованное сотрудничество с государственными медицинскими учреждениями, что также было рассмотрено в данной работе. Авторы, проанализировав вышеупомянутые пробелы в УИС, предложили свои пути решения, которые, по их мнению, позволят решить как основную проблему - организацию безопасных условий во время охраны осужденных и заключенных под стражу лиц в медицинских учреждениях, так и сопутствующие проблемы.

In this work, the author examined in detail the problematic issues of organizing safe conditions during the protection of convicted and detained persons in state and municipal medical institutions. For this, the author thoroughly studied and analyzed the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation protecting the life and health of each person, since the data of the legal acts apply to persons in prison to the same extent. In my opinion, the problem of this article in prisons is relevant today, since in its practical activities the administration of the institution often faces a question of this nature. I believe that the relevance of this article gives rise to many gaps that are inherent in penal correction systems, such as: medical support of Penal System, downsizing, poorly organized cooperation with state medical institutions, which was also considered in this paper. Having analyzed the above-mentioned gaps inherent in the Penal System, the author proposed his own solutions, which, in his opinion, will solve both the main problem, the organization of safe conditions during the protection of convicted and detained persons in medical institutions, and related gaps in general.
Innovative activity as a determinant of competitiveness of industrial enterprise
Authors: DASHCHENKO Nataliia
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the dependence of the competitiveness of industrial enterprises on the level of innovation activity. The essence and main characteristics of the competitive advantages of the enterprise from the point of view of innovative activity in the course of innovative activity are highlighted. One of the factors that can increase the competitiveness of business is the active use of innovative production technologies, which will ensure a continuous improvement of scientific, technical, industrial, financial and social activities in the context of changes in the institutional environment. The results of analytical research of priority sectors of Ukrainian economy from the point of view of innovative activity are presented. With the transition of the economy to the next technological institution, it is worth talking about the change of priority industries in the structure of industry - from low-processing with low added value to innovative high-tech and high-margin. As the first Ukrainian Business Innovation Index showed, only some companies are ready to invest in innovation and have a strategic vision. According to research, most companies are still not ready and do not plan to make fundamental changes in their business models in the near future. Innovation is limited to the introduction of new production technologies, automation of tasks, training of staff new skills, changing approach to marketing and communications. The necessity of systematic support of innovative activity is substantiated, the basic directions of optimization of structure of economy of Ukraine are allocated. The European vector of Ukraine gives a good chance to digitize the processes. In particular, for state-owned companies in areas such as energy and oil and gas, the prospect of digitalization has become the prospect of entering the European Union. However, without major changes to the regulatory system, government priorities, and extensive government-business cooperation, no real major changes can be expected. The issue is not only in the tax field or subsidization, but also in education, digital skills of the population. The necessity of updating the issue of development of high-tech sectors of the economy has been proved, which will increase the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. Given the trends identified, it is appropriate to emphasize the need to take concrete actions to change the structure of the economy, to increase exports of high-tech products, the creation of export-credit agencies, industrial parks.
Development of balanced indicators system for the strategy of using energy from renewable sources in industrial enterprise
Authors: DEHTIAROVA Olha
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Implementation of renewable energy resources on manufacturing enterprises is a big challenge in Ukraine. The Energy Strategy of Ukraine has an ambitious goal to reach 25% of renewable energy in national energy balance. Manufacturing enterprises play important role in realization of this strategy as far as they are the biggest consumers of energy. Obviously they need corresponding tools to implement renewable energy in the production activity. Energy controlling is a theoretical concept and practical instrument for management control in energy sector. Balanced scorecards (BSC) are controlling’s tool and can be used not only for analytical activities, but also for implementation of renewable energy strategy on manufacturing enterprise. The purpose of the paper is formation of balanced scorecard for implementation of renewable energy strategy on manufacturing enterprise. The methodology of research covers theoretical basis of energy efficient production and D. Norton & R. Kaplan’s approach to development of BSC; survey of top managers in energy sectors of industrial enterprises. Results. Energy controlling is a new direction in development of controlling concept that is often called “management control” in the English speaking research area. The paper analyzed its theoretical basis and practical experience with the focus on renewable energy. The BSC is a successful tool for effective implementation of different strategies on enterprise as well as it is often used for analytical work. The paper proposes to use BSC’s for implementation of renewable energy strategy developed both the scheme of strategic initiatives and the template of BSC to achieve the goal of improving the renewable energy efficiency in the production activities of industrial enterprises. Conclusion. Energy controlling has the potential to contribute to improving the economic efficiency of renewable energy systems. Besides, it can make them transparent, profitable and manageable. The corresponding BCS can be developed for every company that is interested in implementation of renewable energy in production activity. The BSC sets strategic goals for promoting and enhancing the efficiency of the renewable energy system and controls the progress along the roadmap towards the strategic goals.
Prospects of improving the competitiveness of poultry enterprises in the egg direction
Authors: DIACHENKO Olena
Published: August 2020

Poultry farming needs constant attention and analysis of trends under the influence of globalization changes. The aim of the work is to summarize the theoretical and practical aspects of improving the competitiveness and economic efficiency of poultry enterprises, to analyze the current state of the organization of chicken egg production, to develop and substantiate general recommendations for improving the state of poultry farming in specialized enterprises. The research methodology includes statistical methods and methods of economic and comparative analysis, etc.
The article presents the results of research on the dynamics of poultry development in Ukraine, organizational structure of poultry farming, the general structure of distribution of egg production. Major poultry producers in Ukraine are under review. The main factors that influence the annual competitiveness of poultry enterprises are investigated. The export potential of poultry farming has been analyzed. The problems of modern problems and problematic directions of production of corresponding products concerning the smaller maneuverability of small poultry farms, their inability to influence the market conditions of the poultry breeding industry are investigated. The main threats to the activity of enterprises are determined, first of all, by external factors: the economic situation in the country, which affects the purchasing power of buyers, the level of prices for eggs, increased competition from large enterprises and enterprises of EU Member States, animal disease and the epidemiological situation in the country.
Possibilities of further development of poultry farms were analyzed taking into account the existing potential and problems of modern poultry farming. The basic directions of improvement of competitiveness with the purpose of increase of efficiency of poultry farming are determined: improvement of biotechnological processes, improvement of methodological base of state supervision of quality and safety of foodstuff and raw materials; creation of up-to-date analytical frameworks and control of quality and safety of food raw materials and foodstuffs, etc.
Substantiation of management decisions related to enterprise development based on energy efficiency
Authors: HILORME Tetiana
Published: August 2020

The paper investigates the peculiarities of constructing a cognitive model of development for enterprises on the basis of energy efficiency. The stages of conducting cognitive modeling for managing the development of enterprises in the energy industry have been determined within the scope of work. Cognitive analysis and modeling are conceptually innovative elements within the structure of the system dedicated to generation of efficient management decisions, which further allows: to study problems with vague factors and interconnections; to account for the impact of changes in the external environment; to use the objective trends in the innovative development of the situation to company’s advantage. Such technologies are increasingly gaining trust and confidence with organizations engaged in strategic and operational planning on all levels and across all spheres of innovation management of enterprise development. Employing cognitive technologies in the economic sphere enables to develop and substantiate a strategy of innovation management of enterprise development with the consideration for the impact of changes in external and internal environment. The work examines the factors of the cognitive model of innovation management of development for enterprise of energy industry based upon four sectors: enterprises in the energy sector; energy generation business; government; ecology. A study has been conducted in relation to the impact of 16 factors of external business environment on generating adjective decisions with regard to managing the development of enterprises in the energy industry on the basis of impulse modeling. It has been proven that within the system of innovation management of enterprise development the key object-oriented factor is the «Level of enterprise development» while other factors remain controllable. It is namely due to the dynamic analysis that it becomes possible to determine stabilizing and destabilizing factors of influence on the development of enterprises. Within the scope of the paper, the ranges of change in indicator factors related to management of enterprise development in the «min-max» system have been identified. Prospects of further research lie with constructing scenarios for development of enterprises in the energy industry, particularly with the implementation of impulse modeling that would allow to elaborate development strategies, specifically concerning the use of renewable sources of energy.
Economic indicator of the effectiveness of the labor law norms realization
Authors: KUPINA Liudmyla
Published: August 2020

Introduction. The implementation of legal norms is directly related to the quality of legislation and is a specific indicator of the effectiveness of legal norms. The indicator gives a vision of the quantitative and qualitative results of the implementation of legal norms, which are intended to form a conclusion about the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of legal norms.
Purpose. The problem of the implementation of the effectiveness of labor legal norms has not been comprehensively studied, taking into account that in determining the general indicators of the effectiveness of the implementation legal norms should be used the concepts of "validity", "appropriateness", "usefulness", "factuality" and "economy" should be used economy". For the purpose of this paper the economy efficiency and its impact on the effectiveness of labor legal norms are examined. The methodological basis of the research are general scientific methods of cognition: dialectical, comparison and synthesis, methods of scientific induction and deduction.
Result. The general concept of "economic efficiency" is based on the correlation of positive results of the functioning of a certain system with the cost of its existence or implementation. The effectiveness of implementing a legal norm may be in establishing feedback of the quality of the norm and its mechanism of action, which in their entirety do not produce a positive result, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, create grounds for changing legislation that is current in time. The indicator of economic efficiency of implementing a labor legal norm cannot exist by itself, because labor legal norms regulate relations between people on their work.
Conclusions. Assessment of the economic efficiency of implementing a labor legal norms, as an indicator of the overall effectiveness of the norm and its achievement of its aim, is possible only because of the cumulative influence of legal, socio-economic, subjective, moral, psychological and material means of achieving the result.
Diseño de guías de onda como biosensores
Authors: Barboza-Tello Norma Alicia , Ríos-Osuna Luis Antonio , Medina-Castro Paúl , Castillo-Barrón Allen Alexander , Uriarte-Ramírez Irma , Martínez-Plata Daniela , Díaz-Hernández Miguel Alejandro
Published: August 2020

Hasta ahora se han tenido grandes avances en el área médica que conducen a diagnósticos más exactos. pero la realidad es que aún falta mucho por hacer en cuanto al diagnóstico oportuno y no invasivo. El detectar y caracterizar partículas pequeñas, como los virus en el aire o bacterias en alimentos, es de suma importancia y se ha reportado que de entre las técnicas de diagnóstico y análisis de muestras biológicas existentes, aquellas que se basan en biosensores de guías de onda, presentan ventajas significativas como mayor resolución, detección en tiempo real y son no invasivas. Las características físicas y geométricas de la guía de onda determinarán su utilidad en cada aplicación. En este trabajo se presenta la metodología para el modelado de guías de onda utilizando el software gratuito Metric; se modelaron guías de nitruro de silicio (Si3N4) con el fin de estudiar su potencial como biosensores
Determinants of the Audiometric Notch at 4000 and 6000 Hz in Young Adults
Authors: Bhatt Ishan Sunilkumar
Published: August 2020

Background Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is often characterized by the presence of an audiometric notch at 3000-6000 Hz in a behavioral audiogram. The audiometric notch is widely used to investigate NIHL in children and young adults. However, the determinants of the audiometric notch in young adults largely remain unknown.

Purpose The study aimed to investigate the determinants of the audiometric notch in young adults.

Research Design A cross-sectional design was adopted for the study.

Study Sample A sample of 124 adults (38 males and 86 females) aged 18-35 years with normal otoscopic and tympanometric findings was recruited.

Data Collection and Analysis Hearing thresholds and real-ear sound pressure levels (RESPLs) were obtained with calibrated ER-3A (Etymotic Research, Elk Grove Village, IL) andTDH-50P receivers (Telephonics, Farmingdale, NY). Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were used to evaluate the cochlear function. The external auditory canal (EAC) length was measured using the acoustical method. Noise exposure background (NEB) was estimated using the Noise Exposure Questionnaire. The notched audiograms were identified using: Phillips, Coles, and Niskar criteria.

Results The prevalence of notched audiograms was substantially higher for TDH-50P supra-aural receivers than for ER-3A insert receivers. RESPLs at 6000 and 8000 Hz were the major predictors of notched audiograms for TDH-50P receivers. These predictors explained around 45% of the variance in the notched audiograms. The notched audiograms obtained with TDH-50P receivers showed no association with NEB. Individuals with notched audiograms measured using TDH-50P did not show convincing evidence of cochlear dysfunction as assessed by DPOAEs. Individuals with notched audiograms obtained with TDH-50P receivers revealed an average of shorter EAC and a poorer hearing threshold at 6000 Hz.

Conclusions The calibration error in the RESPLs at 6000 and 8000 Hz that are likely to be influenced by the shorter EAC was the major determinant of the notched audiograms when the supra-aural transducers were used to measure hearing thresholds. Therefore, the supra-aural receivers should not be used to estimate the prevalence of NIHL in children and young adults when the less restrictive notch identification criteria are used to identify NIHL. Real-ear calibration techniques that are least influenced by the standing waves in the EAC should be preferred when investigating the prevalence of and risk factors for NIHL in young adults.
Normative Values of Saccades and Smooth
Pursuit in Children Aged 5 to 17 Years
Authors: Sinno Solara , Najem Fadi , Abouchacra Kim Smith , Perrin Philippe , Dumas Georges
Published: August 2020

Background Pediatric oculomotor function
can be evaluated via videonystagmography. Adult
normative data for saccades and smooth pursuit
tests cannot be used as a benchmark for pediatric
patients because children's peripheral and central
systems continue to mature throughout
adolescence.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to
establish normative data for saccade and smooth
pursuit tests that can be used clinically in the
assessment of vestibular and neurological
disorders in children, and to investigate the
effect of age and eye movement direction
(left/right) on tests parameters.

Research Design The present study is
prospective cross-sectional study.

Study Sample A total of 120 healthy
children were recruited and equally distributed
according to age and gender to each of the
following groups: 5-8, 9-11, 12-14, and 15-17
years old. Participants had to pass a
comprehensive otological and neurological
assessment prior to inclusion in the study. Each
subject underwent saccade and smooth pursuit
testing.

Data Collection and Analysis Saccade
latency, velocity and accuracy/precision, and
smooth pursuit gain were analyzed across groups
using a two-way repeated measure multivariate
analysis of variance (MANOVA).

Results Saccadic latency was longer in
the youngest group aged 5-8 years old
(305 ± 48 msec) in comparison to children aged
9-11 years old (276 ± 22 msec) (P = 0.017), 12-14
years old (252 ± 34 msec) (P = 0.001) adolescents
15-17 years (256 ± 33 msec) (P = 0.001). Age did
not affect the results of saccadic velocity and
accuracy/precision. Saccade parameters (latency,
velocity, accuracy/ precision) were not affected
by oculomotor direction (left vs. right). Smooth
pursuit gain increased from 0.63 in children aged
5-8 years old to 0.85 in children aged 15-17 years
(P = 0.0001). The percentage of gain asymmetry was
significantly different in the youngest two
groups.

Conclusion Saccade latency decreased as
age increased. Smooth pursuit gains increased with
increased age. Saccade velocity and
accuracy/precision did not change significantly
from ages 5-8 to 15-17 years of age. These data
provide normative values for pediatric oculomotor
evaluation and suggest that saccade and pursuit
pathways may mature at different rates.
Preliminary Examination of the Accuracy of
a Fall Detection Device Embedded into Hearing
Instruments
Authors: Burwinkel Justin R. , Xu Buye , Crukley Jeff
Published: August 2020

Background Accidental falls are a
significant health risk to older adults and
patients seen in audiology clinics. Personal
emergency response systems are effective in
preventing long lies (defined as remaining on the
floor or ground for greater than one hour after a
fall), but some individuals would prefer to wear
less-conspicuous devices than a traditional
neck-worn pendant. No previous investigation has
compared the accuracy of head-worn fall detection
devices with those worn on other parts of the
body. In this study, we compared the accuracy of
one commonly used fall detection pendant with two
variants of a new hearing instrument-based fall
detection system.

Purpose The purpose of the study was to
evaluate the accuracy of detecting falls by using
inertial sensors embedded in hearing
instruments.

Research Design A study with repeated
measures for one group.

Study Sample Ten young adults served as
participants. All participants had normal or
corrected-to-normal vision during testing.
Individuals were excluded if they had
self-reported cardiac disorders, recent
concussions, or musculoskeletal
conditions.

Data Collection and Analysis Data were
collected from inertial measurement unit (IMU)
sensors, embedded into a binaural set of hearing
instruments, during laboratory-based simulations
of falls, near-falls, and activities of daily
living (ADLs). The detection state of a fall
detection pendant was simultaneously recorded
during performance of each trial and compared with
the outputs of offline hearing instrument firmware
emulators.

Results One hearing instrument-based fall
detection system was more accurate than the fall
detection pendant. A second hearing
instrument-based fall detection system performed
similar to the fall detection pendant. Each of the
three fall detection systems investigated were
robust against false-positive detections during
ADLs.

Conclusions Preliminary findings
demonstrate that hearing instruments embedded with
a fall detection device (FDD) may be a suitable
alternative to more traditional forms of FDDs
(e.g., pendant, wrist-worn device, etc.) for
detecting falls and potentially preventing long
lies.
Comparison of Cortical Auditory Evoked
Potential Findings in Presbycusis with Low and
High Word Recognition Score
Authors: Gürkan Selhan , Durankaya Serpil Mungan , Mutlu Başak , İşler Yalçın , Uzun Yiğit Ö. , Başokçu Oğuz , Erdağ Taner Kemal , Kırkım Günay
Published: August 2020

Background Deteriorated speech
understanding is a common complaint in elderly
people, and behavioral tests are used for routine
clinical assessment of this problem. Cortical
auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are frequently
used for assessing speech detection and
discrimination abilities of the elderly, and give
promise for differential diagnosis of speech
understanding problems.

Purpose The aim of the study was to
compare the P1, N1, and P2 CAEP latencies and
amplitudes in presbycusis with low and high word
recognition score (WRS).

Research Design A cross-sectional study
design was used forthe study. Two groups were
formed from the patients with presbycusis based on
their scores on the speech recognition
test.

Study Sample Fifty-seven elderly
volunteers participated in the study. The first
group composed of 27 participants with high WRS,
the other group composed of 30 participants with
low WRS.

Data Collection and Analysis The CAEP
waves were recorded from these participants using
speech signals. Latencies and amplitudes of P1
-N1-P2 waves of the two groups were compared with
the f-test statistic.

Results There were significant
prolongation of P1 and N1 latencies in presbycusis
with low WRS when compared with presbycusis with a
relatively high word score (p < 0.05).

Conclusion According to the result of the
research, P1 and N1 latencies of presbycusis with
low WRS were longer than the participants with
high WRS. Factors affecting peripheral auditory
system, such as stimulus sensation level, might be
responsible for P1 and N1 latency prolongation of
the low WRS group.
REFUGIO EN EL VACÍO
Authors: Juliá Mercedes
Published: August 2020

Sin información.
Radio Emission from Ultra-stripped Supernovae as Diagnostics for Properties of the Remnant Double Neutron Star Binaries
Authors: Matsuoka Tomoki , Maeda Keiichi
Published: August 2020

An ultra-stripped supernova (SN) is an explosion of a helium or C+O star whose outer envelope has been stripped away by a companion neutron star. A double neutron star (DNS) binary is believed to be left after the explosion, which will emit the gravitational wave later at the coalescence. Recent detections of a few candidates for the ultra-stripped SN have constrained the properties of the explosion and the progenitor, but little information is given as to whether the remnant DNS binary will merge within the cosmic age. A large fraction of the material stripped away from the helium star through the binary interaction is expected to escape from the system and form circumstellar material (CSM). The CSM should be traced by radio emission induced by the collision with the SN ejecta. Based on the stellar evolution models previously developed, we calculate the expected radio luminosities from ultra-stripped SNe. We find that high radio luminosity at its maximum can be an indicator of small separation of a DNS binary leading to its merger within the cosmic age. Our results can be used to optimize the strategy for the radio follow-up observations such as observational epochs and frequencies.
Low-albedo Surfaces of Lava Worlds
Authors: Essack Zahra , Seager Sara , Pajusalu Mihkel
Published: August 2020

Hot super-Earths are exoplanets with short orbital periods (<10 days), heated by their host stars to temperatures high enough for their rocky surfaces to become molten. A few hot super-Earths exhibit high geometric albedos (>0.4) in the Kepler band (420–900 nm). We are motivated to determine whether reflection from molten lava and quenched glasses (a product of rapidly cooled lava) on the surfaces of hot super-Earths contribute to the observationally inferred high geometric albedos. We experimentally measure reflection from rough- and smooth-textured quenched glasses of both basalt and feldspar melts. For lava reflectance values, we use specular reflectance values of molten silicates from non-crystalline solids literature. Integrating the empirical glass reflectance function and non-crystalline solids reflectance values over the dayside surface of the exoplanet at secondary eclipse yields an upper limit for the albedo of a lava-quenched glass planet surface of ∼0.1. We conclude that lava planets with solid (quenched glass) or liquid (lava) surfaces have low albedos. The high albedos of some hot super-Earths are most likely explained by atmospheres with reflective clouds (or, for a narrow range of parameter space, possibly Ca/Al oxide melt surfaces). Lava planet candidates in TESS data can be identified for follow-up observations and future characterization.
Nuclear Reaction Screening, Weak Interactions, and r-process Nucleosynthesis in High Magnetic Fields
Authors: Famiano Michael , Balantekin A. Baha , Kajino T. , Kusakabe M. , Mori K. , Luo Y.
Published: August 2020

Coulomb screening and weak interactions in a hot, magnetized plasma are investigated. Coulomb screening is evaluated in a relativistic thermal plasma in which electrons and positrons are in equilibrium. In addition to temperature effects, effects on weak screening from a strong external magnetic field are evaluated. In high fields, the electron transverse momentum components are quantized into Landau levels. The characteristic plasma screening length at high temperatures and at high magnetic fields is explored. In addition to changes to the screening length, changes in weak interaction rates are estimated. It is found that high fields can result in increased β-decay rates as the electron and positron spectra are dominated by Landau levels. Finally, the effects studied here are evaluated in a simple r-process model. It is found that relativistic Coulomb screening has a small effect on the final abundance distribution. While changes in weak interaction rates in strong magnetic fields can have an effect on the r-process evolution and abundance distribution, the field strength required to have a significant effect may be larger than what is currently thought to be typical of the r-process environment in collapsar jets or neutron star mergers. If r-process sites exist in fields

G, effects from fields on weak decays could be significant.
Detections of Simultaneous Brightening of γ-Ray and Optical Emissions of a Distant Blazar GB 1508+5714 at Redshift 4.3
Authors: Liao Neng-Hui , Li Shang , Sheng Zhen-Feng , Fan Yi-Zhong
Published: August 2020

GB 1508+5714 is a high-redshift blazar (z = 4.3), and a spectrally soft γ-ray source has been detected in its direction. By analyzing 11.4 yr Fermi Large Area Telescope data, significant long-term variability of the γ-ray source is confirmed. More importantly, a γ-ray emission flare appeared in an epoch of several tens of days in 2018, when the flux was about four times the value from the global fit. Meanwhile, optical flares were displayed in both the r and i bands from the Zwicky Transient Facility light curves. Detections of the simultaneous γ-ray and optical brightening provide decisive evidence to pin down the association between the γ-ray source and GB 1508+5714, which makes it the first identified γ-ray blazar beyond redshift 4. A broadband spectral energy distribution in the high flux state is constructed, and the origin of the multiwavelength brightening is also briefly discussed. Upcoming wide–deep–fast optical telescopes together with the γ-ray sky surveyors will shed light on the role that the active galactic nucleus jets play in the early cosmic time.
Red Satellite Galaxies: The Best Tracers of Host-mass Distribution in the Illustris-TNG100 Simulation
Authors: McDonough Bryanne , Brainerd Tereasa G.
Published: August 2020

We use the IllustrisTNG100-1 simulation to investigate the degree to which satellite galaxies trace the mass density of large, isolated host galaxies. As expected, the mass density profiles of the host galaxies are well fitted by Navarro, Frenk & White profiles. The degree to which the satellite number density profiles trace the hosts’ mass density profiles is a strong function of host and satellite color. For red hosts, the number density profile of blue satellites is significantly less than the host mass density profile for all host-satellite separations r ≲ 0.8r
200. For blue hosts, the number density profile of blue satellites agrees fairly well with the host mass density profile for all host-satellite separations r ≲ 0.8r
200. For both red and blue hosts, we find that red satellites are the best tracers of the mass density profiles within the hosts’ virial radii.
A numerical study of superconvergence of the discontinuous Galerkin method by patch reconstruction
Authors: Liu Zexuan , Sun Zhiyuan , Yang Jerry Zhijian
Published: August 2020

We numerically investigate the superconvergence property of the discontinuous Galerkin method by patch reconstruction. The convergence rate $ 2m+1 $ can be observed at the grid points and barycenters in one dimensional case with uniform partitions. The convergence rate $ m + 2 $ is achieved at the center of the element faces in two and three dimensions. The meshes are uniformly partitioned into triangles/tetrahedrons or squares/hexahedrons. We also demonstrate the details of the implementation of the proposed method. The numerical results for all three dimensional cases are presented to illustrate the propositions.
Efficient finite difference methods for the nonlinear Helmholtz equation in Kerr medium
Authors: He Xuefei , Wang Kun , Xu Liwei
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we consider a kind of efficient finite difference methods (FDMs) for solving the nonlinear Helmholtz equation in the Kerr medium. Firstly, by applying several iteration methods, we linearize the nonlinear Helmholtz equation in several different ways. Then, based on the resulted linearized problem at each iterative step, by rearranging the Taylor expansion and using the ADI method, we deduce a kind of new FDMs, which also provide a route to deal with the problem with discontinuous coefficients.Finally, some numerical results are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed schemes, and to show that our schemes perform with much higher accuracy and better convergence compared with the classical ones.
Correlation between polymorphism of TYMS gene and toxicity response to treatment with 5-fluoruracil and capecitabine
Authors: Vitello Stefano , Di Liegro Italia , Ricciardi Maria Rita , Verga Chiara , Amato Alessandra , Schiera Gabriella , Di Liegro Carlo , Messina Giuseppe , Proia Patrizia
Published: August 2020

Tumorigenesis is a multiphasic process in which genetic alterations guide the progressive transformation in cancer cells1. In order to evaluate the possible correlation between some gene variants and the risk of the toxicity development onset, two of the polymorphisms of the thymidylate synthase (TYMS), rs34743033 (2R/3R) and rs16430 (DEL/INS) were investigated. We enrolled in our study 47 patients from the Hospital of Sicily. Our preliminary findings suggest that there could be a linkage between the genotypes discussed and the development of the toxicity following the chemotherapy treatment. These results need to be confirmed by further studies, however this short paper offers some initial insight into the relationships between genetic background and the better outcome for patients.
Admissible solutions to Hessian equations with exponential growth
Authors: de Oliveira José Francisco , Ubilla Pedro
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to prove the existence of radially symmetric

k

-admissible solutions for the following Dirichlet problem associated with the

k

-th Hessian operator:

\left\{\begin{aligned}
&\left.\begin{aligned}
&S_k[u]=f(x,-u)\\
&u<0
\end{aligned}\right\}
&\text{in }& B,\\
&\;u=0&\text{on }& \partial B,
\end{aligned}\right.

where

B

is the unit ball of

\mathbb{R}^{N},

N=2k

(k\in \mathbb{N})

, and

f\colon \overline{B}\times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}

behaves like

\exp (u^{(N+2)/N})

when

u\rightarrow\infty

and satisfies the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition. Our results constitute the exponential counterpart of the existence theorems of Tso (1990) for power-type nonlinearities under the condition

N > 2k

.
Gender participation in non-farm employment in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Onya S.C. , Amah-Jerry E.P. , Iheke O.R.
Published: August 2020

This study examined gender participation in non-farm employment in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The study used primary data collected from 149  respondents selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and double hurdle model. The result of the descriptive statistics showed that female household heads were younger (38.3 years) than the male (44.4 years), the male had more years ofeducation, spent more time in work than the female; and also the male farm income were more than that of the female, while the female non-labour income were higher than that of the male. Also, the females were more involved in tree cropping and livestock-keeping than their male counterparts, while on the non-farm activities, the female were more into these practices than the male. The result of the double hurdle estimation showed that age, marital status, years spent in school, household size, number of dependent, farm size, non-labour income, and distance to the market significantly influenced the participation decision of both male and female headed households in non-farm employment; while age, marital status, years spent in school, household size, number of dependent, farm size, non-labour income, distance to the market, and distance to the urban centre significantly influenced the hours of work decision of male and female headed households in non-farm employment in the study area. The study recommends policy measures that will improve the skills and educational level of the farmers especially the female as it will go a long way in reducing the number of unskilled labours while increasing the number of skilled labour of the people in the study area.

Key words: gender, participation decision, hours of work decision, non-farm employment
Socio-economic determinants of home gardening practices among households in University Of Nigeria community: Heckman double stage selection approach
Authors: Adeosun K.P. , Nnaji A.P. , Onyekigwe C.M.
Published: August 2020

The study identified different food crops, fruits and vegetables found around homes, constraints of home garden practice, and also socio-economic factors influencing home garden contribution to household’s food consumption. Primary data were collected for the study. Two-stage random sampling procedure was used to select80 respondents for the study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentages, means and Heckman sample selection model. The result shows that different food crops, fruits and vegetables that are majorly planted by most respondents include maize (82.5%), mango (50.0%) and fluted pumpkin leaf (81.2%) which are used for different purposes such as food, medicine and ornaments. The result from the Heckman two-stage analysis shows that in the first stage marital status (-1.7912) and female household size (0.3748) are statistically significant at 1% probability level, while income (4.6e-06) was statistically significant at 5% probability level on the home gardening practice. In the second stage, experience in home gardening (1.1089) was statistically significant at 1% probability level on contributions of home gardening to household’s food consumption. The study revealed that home garden practices was constrained by factors such as high cost of inputs, inadequate access to water, pest and diseases etc. The government and concerned agencies such as NGOs should provide and subsidize these promptly to households as incentives to increase their home garden practices. The study recommends there should be institutionalization of those socioeconomic factors that promote home gardening practice.

Key words: home-gardening, food consumption, Heckman-model