bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method for the Determination of Hard Alloys’ Maximum Performance Temperature in the Context of the Metal-Cutting Tools’ Usage Quality Estimation Technique
Authors: Vasilega D.S. , Shtin A.S.
Published: June 2017

The article seals with the study of hard alloy (WC-Co) crack resistance (fracture toughness), depending on the temperature. Three representatives of one-carbide hard alloys (WC 94% Co 6% (fine grain); WC 92%, Co 8%; and WC 85%, Co 15% alloys) were chosen to determine the temperature influence on the stress intensity factor. During the obtained dependences’ analysis, we revealed that the hard alloy maximum performance temperature could be determined by the maximum value of stress intensity factor KIC. The relation between the temperature of hard alloy (WC-Co) maximum crack resistance (fracture toughness) and the temperature of these materials’ maximum performance, is shown here as a result of experimental study of the dependence of impact resistance from temperature. In addition, the hard alloys’ maximum performance temperature determination technique is developed.
Ancient Glass Bead from U-Thong Ancient City Site, Central Thailand
Authors: Won-In Krit , Satitkune Somruedee , Monarumit Natthapong , Nimsuwan Nontarat
Published: June 2017

The goal of this research is to build a database for the ancient glass beads from U-Thong excavation site (Dvaravati Period, 6th to 13th centuries). We can compare the chemical properties among the ancient glass beads from different sites in order to learn about the ancient trading route of those glass beads. The 30 samples and 12 colors (translucent to opaque and various colors) were collected from U-Thong archaeological site, Suphanburi Province, Central Thailand. The ancient glass bead samples were studied about the physical and chemical characteristics as well as the surface features. The glass beads were analyzed by the scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The chemical composition of the dark blue bead for example contained 2.25 wt% MgO, 90.98 wt% SiO2, 1.26 wt% K2O, 4.17 wt% CaO and 0.59 wt% CuO. The FTIR spectrum of ancient glass beads is rarely to interpret their molecular vibration. The AFM allowed us to see the glass corrosion in nano scale on the surface. This research can help Thai archaeologists to identify the characteristics of ancient glass bead in the Central Thailand.
The Increase in Effectivity of Material Processing with Employment of Liquid CO2 during Aluminium Die Casting
Authors: Nováková Iva , Seidl Martin , Moravec Jaromír
Published: June 2017

The article is focused on monitoring the cooling effect of the liquid CO2. This unconventional cooling system was used as a supplement method added to the standard tempering system of the die casting mould particularly intended for aluminium alloy castings. Standard tempering system of die casting moulds enables preheating the mould to operating temperature before the particular production starts and then the tempering system regulates the temperature balance between the mould and the casting during individu al production cycles. Conventional cooling system is based on drilled or milled interconnected channels with predominantly parallel orientation to the parting line, through which a tempering medium (oil, water etc.) flows. This system has some limitations that can be overcame with utilizing of special approaches. One of these approach is employment of liquid CO2.This study revealed the positive impact of this additive cooling on homogeneity of temperature field distribution on the mould cavity surface, which assures first of all the uniform coating the cavity surface by separating agent and sticking the melt on the cores. The products were analysed using the metallographic and CT analyses and the leak tightness was tested.
Analysis of Asymmetric High-Rise Building
Authors: Ivankova Olga , Stellmach Marian , Konecna Lenka
Published: June 2017

This paper deals with static and dynamic analysis of asymmetric high-rise building. Two alternatives have been analysed – without dilatation and with dilatation. Then, the influence of the dilatation was discussed. The building was located in 4th seismic area in Slovakia (Bratislava). The description of the building, applied load, considered soil-structure interaction, created calculating models, used analysis and obtained results are mentioned here. The conclusions and the photos of defective repairs of real structures are depicted at the end of the paper.
Thermal Effects on Box Girder Concrete Bridges
Authors: Moravcik Martin , Krkoska Lukas
Published: June 2017

Thermal load, especially vertical temperature gradient, is an important factor that should be considered during the bridge design procedure. In the world, several researches focusing on temperature gradient was made, mostly in USA and China, but only a few analyzed actual temperature gradients measuring at European bridges. In this paper, short overview of temperature loading of bridge structures is described. Then, the temperature measurement of prestressed concrete box girder bridge built by launching method is analyzed. Recorded temperature gradient has been compared with temperature gradients for the concrete box girder cross section recommended by Eurocode design specifications.
T Cell–Restricted Notch Signaling Contributes to Pulmonary Th1 and Th2 Immunity during Cryptococcus neoformans Infection
Authors: Neal Lori M. , Qiu Yafeng , Chung Jooho , Xing Enze , Cho Woosung , Malachowski Antoni N. , Sandy-Sloat Ashley R. , Osterholzer John J. , Maillard Ivan , Olszewski Michal A.
Published: June 2017

Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous, opportunistic fungal pathogen but the cell signaling pathways that drive T cell responses regulating antifungal immunity are incompletely understood. Notch is a key signaling pathway regulating T cell development, and differentiation and functional responses of mature T cells in the periphery. The targeting of Notch signaling within T cells has been proposed as a potential treatment for alloimmune and autoimmune disorders, but it is unknown whether disturbances to T cell immunity may render these patients vulnerable to fungal infections. To elucidate the role of Notch signaling during fungal infections, we infected mice expressing the pan-Notch inhibitor dominant negative mastermind-like within mature T cells with C. neoformans. Inhibition of T cell–restricted Notch signaling increased fungal burdens in the lungs and CNS, diminished pulmonary leukocyte recruitment, and simultaneously impaired Th1 and Th2 responses. Pulmonary leukocyte cultures from T cell Notch-deprived mice produced less IFN-γ, IL-5, and IL-13 than wild-type cells. This correlated with lower frequencies of IFN-γ–, IL-5–, and IL-13–producing CD4+ T cells, reduced expression of Th1 and Th2 associated transcription factors, Tbet and GATA3, and reduced production of IFN-γ by CD8+ T cells. In contrast, Th17 responses were largely unaffected by Notch signaling. The changes in T cell responses corresponded with impaired macrophage activation and reduced leukocyte accumulation, leading to diminished fungal control. These results identify Notch signaling as a previously unappreciated regulator of Th1 and Th2 immunity and an important element of antifungal defenses against cryptococcal infection and CNS dissemination.
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in an Adolescent with Perinatally-Acquired HIV Infection
Authors: Hariadi Nurul I. , Blackwood R. Alexander
Published: June 2017

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most frequent nontuberculous mycobacteria implicated in opportunistic infections that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. With highly active antiretroviral therapy, disseminated MAC (dMAC) has become a rare entity. This unique case of dMAC was diagnosed in an adolescent with newly diagnosed perinatally- acquired HIV infection whose initial CD4 cell count was severely depleted and viral load was extremely high. While maximized treatment regimen had not been able to control his dMAC, improvement was noted when granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was added. GM-CSF should be considered as an adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory dMAC.
Cloud climatologies from the InfraRed Sounders AIRS and IASI: Strengths, Weaknesses and Applications
Authors: Stubenrauch Claudia J. , Feofilov Artem G. , Protopapadaki Sofia E. , Armante Raymond
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The cloud retrieval scheme developed at the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) can now be easily adapted to any Infrared (IR) sounder: the CIRS (Clouds from IR Sounders) retrieval applies improved radiative transfer, as well as an original method accounting for atmospheric spectral transmissivity changes associated with CO2 concentration. The latter is essential when considering long-term time series of cloud properties. For the 13-year and 8-year global climatologies of cloud properties from observations of the Atmospheric IR Sounder (AIRS) and of the IR Atmospheric Interferometer (IASI), respectively, we used the latest ancillary data (atmospheric profiles, surface emissivities and atmospheric spectral transmissivities). The A-Train active instruments, lidar and radar of the CALIPSO and CloudSat missions, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the retrieved AIRS cloud properties such as cloud amount and height as well as to explore the vertical structure of different cloud types. CIRS cloud detection agreement with CALIPSO-CloudSat is about 84%–85% over ocean, 79%–82% over land and 70%–73% over ice / snow, depending on atmospheric ancillary data. Global cloud amount has been estimated to 67%–70%. CIRS cloud height coincides with the middle between the cloud top and the apparent cloud base (real base for optically thin clouds or height at which the cloud reaches opacity) independent of cloud emissivity, which is about 1 km below cloud top for low-level clouds and about 1.5 km to 2.5 km below cloud top for high-level clouds, slightly increasing because the apparent vertical cloud extent is slightly larger for large cloud emissivity. IR sounders are in particular advantageous for the retrieval of upper tropospheric cloud properties, with a reliable cirrus identification down to an IR optical depth of 0.1, day and night. Total cloud amount consists of about 40% high-level clouds and about 40% low-level clouds and 20% mid-level clouds, the latter two only detected when not hidden by upper clouds. Upper tropospheric clouds are most abundant in the tropics, where high opaque clouds make out 7.5%, thick cirrus 27.5% and thin cirrus about 21.5% of all clouds. The asymmetry in upper tropospheric cloud amount between Northern and Southern hemisphere with annual mean of 5% has a pronounced seasonal cycle with a maximum of 25% in boreal summer, which can be linked to the shift of the ITCZ peak latitude. Comparing tropical geographical change patterns of high opaque clouds with that of thin cirrus as a function of changing tropical mean surface temperature indicates that their response to climate change may be quite different, with potential consequences on the atmospheric circulation.
Ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of microorganisms in a Mediterranean grassland: new insights into microbial flux through a combined experimental-modeling approach
Authors: Carotenuto Federico , Georgiadis Teodoro , Gioli Beniamino , Leyronas Christel , Morris Cindy E. , Nardino Marianna , Wohlfahrt Georg , Miglietta Franco
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Microbial aerosols (mainly composed by bacterial and fungal cells), may constitute up to 74 % of the total aerosol volume. These biological aerosols are relevant not only from the point of view of the dispersion of pathogenic species, but also due to the potential geochemical implications. Some bacteria and fungi may, in fact, serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, potentially affecting cloud formation and precipitation and are active at higher temperatures compared to their, much more intensively studied, inorganic counterparts. Simulations of the impact of microbial aerosols on climate are still hindered by the lack of information regarding their emissions from ground sources. This work tackles this knowledge gap by (i) applying a rigorous micrometeorological approach to the estimation of microbial net fluxes above a Mediterranean grassland and (ii) developing a deterministic model to estimate these emissions on the basis of a few easily recovered meteorological parameters (the PLAnET model). The grassland itself is characterized by an abundance of positive net microbial fluxes and the model proves to be a promising tool capable of capturing the day-to-day variability in microbial fluxes with a relatively small bias and sufficient accuracy. PLAnET is still in its infancy and will benefit from future campaigns extending the available training dataset as well as the inclusion of ever more complex and critical phenomena affecting the release of microbial aerosol (such as rainfall). The model itself is also adaptable as an emission module for dispersion and chemical transport models, allowing to further explore the impact of microbial aerosols on the atmosphere and climate.
Cyanobacterial carbon concentrating mechanisms facilitate sustained CO2 depletion in eutrophic lakes
Authors: Morales-Williams Ana M. , Wanamaker Jr. Alan D. , Downing John A.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Phytoplankton blooms are increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. In many eutrophic lakes, these high levels of primary productivity correspond to periods of CO2 depletion in surface waters. Cyanobacteria and other groups of phytoplankton have the ability to actively transport bicarbonate (HCO3−) across their cell membrane when CO2 concentrations are limiting, possibly giving them a competitive advantage over algae not using carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). To investigate whether CCMs can maintain phytoplankton bloom biomass under CO2 depletion, we measured the δ13C signatures of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) and phytoplankton particulate organic carbon (δ13Cphyto) in 16 mesotrophic to hypereutrophic lakes during the ice-free season of 2012. We used mass–balance relationships to determine the dominant inorganic carbon species used by phytoplankton under CO2 stress. We found a significant positive relationship between phytoplankton biomass and phytoplankton δ13C signatures as well as a significant nonlinear negative relationship between water column ρCO2 and isotopic composition of phytoplankton, indicating a shift from diffusive uptake to active uptake by phytoplankton of CO2 or HCO3− during blooms. Calculated photosynthetic fractionation factors indicated that this shift occurs specifically when surface water CO2 drops below atmospheric equilibrium. Our results indicate that active HCO3− uptake via CCMs may be an important mechanism in maintaining phytoplankton blooms when CO2 is depleted. Further increases in anthropogenic pressure, eutrophication, and cyanobacteria blooms are therefore expected to contribute to increased bicarbonate uptake to sustain primary production.
Ammonium and nitrate additions differentially affect soil microbial biomass of different communities and enzyme activities in slash pine plantation in subtropical China
Authors: Zhang Chuang , Zhang Xin-Yu , Zou Hong-Tao , Kou Liang , Yang Yang , Wen Xue-Fa , Li Sheng-Gong , Wang Hui-Min , Sun Xiao-Min
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The ratios of nitrate to ammonium in wet atmosphere nitrogen (N) deposition compounds were increasing recently. However, the individual effects of nitrate and ammonium deposition on soil microbial communities biomass and enzyme activities are still unclear. We conducted a four-year N addition field experiment to evaluate the responses of soil microbial communities biomass and enzyme activities to ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) additions. Our results showed that (1) the inhibitory effects of ammonium additions on total mass of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) were stronger than those of nitrate additions. Both decreased total PLFA mass about 24 % and 11 %, respectively. The inhibitory effects of ammonium additions on gram positive bacteria (G+) and bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes (A), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFA mass ranged from 14 %–40 %. (2) Both ammonium and nitrate additions inhibited absolute activities of C, N, and P hydrolyses and oxidases, and nitrate additions had stronger inhibition effects on the acid phosphatase (AP) than ammonium additions. Both ammonium and nitrate additions decreased N-acquisition specific enzyme activities (enzyme activities normalized by total PLFA mass) about 21 % or 43 %, respectively. However, ammonium additions increased P-acquisition specific enzyme activities about 19 % comparing to control. (3) Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the measured C, N, and P hydrolyses and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were positively correlated with soil pH and ammonium contents, but negatively with nitrate contents; the mass of PLFA biomarkers were positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total N contents, but negatively with ammonium contents. (4) The soil enzyme activities varied seasonally in the order of March > June > October. On the contrary, microbial PLFA mass was higher in October than in March and June. Our results concluded that inhibition of mass of PLFA biomarkers and enzyme activities might be contributed to acidification caused by ammonium addition. Soil absolute enzyme activities were inhibited indirectly by acidification and nitrification, but specific enzyme activities normalized by PLFA were directly affected by N additions. It was meaningful to separate the effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities.
Peat decomposability in managed organic soils in relation to land-use, organic matter composition and temperature
Authors: Bader Cédric , Müller Moritz , Schulin Rainer , Leifeld Jens
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Organic soils comprise a large yet fragile carbon (C) store in the global C cycle. Drainage, necessary for agriculture and forestry, triggers rapid decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), typically increasing in the order forest
Modelling potential production and environmental effects of macroalgae farms in UK and Dutch coastal waters
Authors: van der Molen Johan , Ruardij Piet , Mooney Karen , Kerrison Philip , O'Connor Nessa E. , Gorman Emma , Timmermans Klaas , Wright Serena , Kelly Maeve , Hughes Adam D. , Capuzzo Elisa
Published: June 2017

Abstract. There is increasing interest in macroalgae farming in European waters for a range of applications, including food, chemical extraction and as biofuels. This study uses a 3D numerical model of hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry to investigate potential production and environmental effects of macroalgae farming in UK and Dutch coastal waters. The model included four experimental farms in different coastal settings in Strangford Lough (Northern Ireland), in Sound of Kerrera and Lynn of Lorne (northwest Scotland), and in the Rhine Plume (The Netherlands), as well as a hypothetical large-scale farm off the UK north Norfolk coast. The model could not detect significant changes in biogeochemistry and plankton dynamics at any of the farm sites averaged over the farming season. The results showed a range of macroalgae growth behaviours in response to simulated environmental conditions. These were then compared with in-situ observations where available, showing good correspondence for some farms and less good correspondence for others. At the most basic level, macroalgae production depended on prevailing nutrient concentrations and light conditions, with higher levels of both resulting in higher macroalgae production. It is shown that under non-elevated and interannually varying winter nutrient conditions, farming success was modulated by the timings of the onset of increasing nutrient concentrations in autumn and nutrient drawdown in spring. Macroalgae carbohydrate content also depended on nutrient concentrations, with higher nutrient concentrations leading to lower carbohydrate content at harvest. This will reduce the energy density of the crop and so affect its suitability for conversion into biofuel. For the hypothetical large-scale macroalgae farm off the UK north Norfolk coast the model suggested high, stable farm yields of macroalgae from year to year with substantial carbohydrate content and limited environmental effects.
Climate engineering and the ocean: effects on biogeochemistry and primary production
Authors: Lauvset Siv K. , Tjiputra Jerry , Muri Helene
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Here we use an Earth System Model with interactive biogeochemistry to project future ocean biogeochemistry impacts from large-scale deployment of three different radiation management (RM) climate engineering (also known as geoengineering) methods: stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), marine sky brightening (MSB), and cirrus cloud thinning (CCT). We apply RM such that the change in radiative forcing in the RCP8.5 emission scenario is reduced to the change in radiative forcing in the RCP4.5 scenario. The resulting global mean sea surface temperatures in the RM experiments are comparable to those in RCP4.5, but there are regional differences. The forcing from MSB, for example, is applied over the oceans, so the cooling of the ocean is in some regions stronger for this method of RM than for the others. Changes in ocean primary production are much more variable, but SAI and MSB give a global decrease comparable to RCP4.5 (~ 6 % in 2100 relative to 1971–2000), while CCT give a much smaller global decrease of ~ 3 %. The spatially inhomogeneous changes in ocean primary production are partly linked to how the different RM methods affect the drivers of primary production (incoming radiation, temperature, availability of nutrients, and phytoplankton) in the model. The results of this work underscores the complexity of climate impacts on primary production, and highlights that changes are driven by an integrated effect of multiple environmental drivers, which all change in different ways. These results stress the uncertain changes to ocean productivity in the future and advocates caution at any deliberate attempt for large-scale perturbation of the Earth system.
Lagrangian simulation and tracking of the mesoscale eddies contaminated by Fukushima-derived radionuclides
Authors: Prants Sergey V. , Budyansky Maxim V. , Uleysky Michael Y.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. A Lagrangian methodology is developed to simulate, track, document and analyze the origin and history of water masses in ocean mesoscale features. It aims to distinguish whether water masses inside the mesoscale eddies originated from the main currents in the Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence zone. By computing trajectories for a large number of synthetic Lagrangian particles advected by the AVISO velocity field after the Fukushima accident, we identify and track the mesoscale eddies which were sampled in the cruises in 2011 and 2012 and estimate their risk of being contaminated by Fukushima-derived radionuclides. The simulated results are compared with in situ measurements, showing a good qualitative correspondence.
Small river plumes off the northeastern coast of the Black Sea under average climatic and flooding discharge conditions
Authors: Osadchiev Alexander , Korshenko Evgeniya
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This study focuses on the impact of discharges of small rivers on the delivery and fate of fluvial water and suspended matter at the northeastern part of the Black Sea under different local precipitation conditions. Several dozens of mountainous rivers flow into the sea at the study region, and most of them, except for several of the largest, have little annual runoff and affect adjacent coastal waters to a limited extent under average climatic conditions. However, the discharges of these small rivers are characterized by a quick response to precipitation events and can significantly increase during and shortly after heavy rains, which are frequent in the considered area. The delivery and fate of fluvial water and terrigenous sediments at the study region, under average climatic and rain-induced flooding conditions, were explored and compared using in situ data, satellite imagery, and numerical modeling. It was shown that the point-source spread of continental discharge dominated by several large rivers under average climatic conditions can change to the line-source discharge from numerous small rivers situated along the coast in response to heavy rains. The intense line-source runoff of water and suspended sediments forms a geostrophic alongshore current of turbid and freshened water, which induces the intense transport of suspended and dissolved constituents discharged with river waters in a northwestern direction. This process significantly influences water quality and causes active sediment load at large segments of the narrow shelf at the northeastern part of the Black Sea compared to average climatic discharge conditions.
DESIGNING DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS OVER MULTIPLE LENGTH SCALES FOR 21ST CENTURY SOFT MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Armstrong Daniel P. , Spontak Richard J.
Published: June 2017

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) constitute an increasingly important category of electroactive polymers. They are in a class of generally soft materials that, upon exposure to an electric stimulus, respond by changing size, shape, or both. Derived from network-forming macromolecules, DEs are lightweight, robust and scalable, and they are capable of exhibiting giant electroactuation strains, high electromechanical efficiencies, and relatively low strain-cycling hysteresis over a broad range of electric fields. Due primarily to their attractive electromechanical attributes, DEs are of growing interest in diverse biomedical, (micro)robotic, and analytical technologies. Since the seminal studies of these electroresponsive materials (initially fabricated mainly from chemically cross-linked acrylic and silicone elastomers), advances in materials design over multiple length scales have resulted in not only improved electromechanical performance but also better mechanistic understanding. We first review the fundamental operating principles of DEs developed from conventional elastomers that undergo isotropic electroactuation and then consider more recent advances at different length scales. At the macroscale, incorporation of oriented fibers within elastomeric matrices is found to have a profound impact on electroactuation by promoting an anisotropic response. At the mesoscale, physically cross-linked thermoplastic elastomer gel networks formed by midblock-swollen triblock copolymers provide a highly tunable alternative to chemically cross-linked elastomers. At the nanoscale, the chemical synthesis of binetwork and bottlebrush elastomers permits extraordinarily enhanced electromechanical performance through targeted integration of inherently prestrained macromolecular networks.
Determinants of Goodwill Impairment Losses under IAS 36: The French Case
Authors: Malijebtou Hassine Nour , Jilani Faouzi
Published: June 2017

The present paper investigates the determinants of goodwill impairment losses under IAS 36. More specifically, this study examines the impact of earnings management, corporate governance and financial crisis on goodwill impairment losses reported by French firms following the adoption of IAS 36 on purchased goodwill. Based on a sample of 730 observations from 107 groups of companies that belong to the SBF 250 over the period 2006-2012, the findings of this research confirm largely our predictions. Indeed, main results show that managers impair goodwill to meet earnings management motives linked to CEO change, earnings smoothing, big bath accounting and financial crisis. Moreover, they reveal that French firms impair goodwill to response to debt renegotiation hypothesis. In addition, the findings demonstrate that French firms audited by a Big Four auditor record lower goodwill impairment losses. Thus, they highlight the role of audit quality to constrain managerial opportunism associated to goodwill impairment.This study illuminates the accounting standard-setters in understanding the determinants of goodwill impairment losses in France under IAS 36. Therefore, it contributes to the international actual debate on goodwill and to the international accounting literature.
Origins of Ghost Drusen: A follow-up Analysis
Authors: Bottin Caroline , Zambrowski Olivia , Querques Giuseppe , Yves Cohen Salomon , Srour Mayer , Semoun Oudy , Souied Eric H.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Ghost drusen (GD) are pyramidal or dome-shaped retinal pigment epithelium elevations observed in some geographic atrophy (GA) areas in the context of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose was to investigate the first morphologic features preceding GD on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) on patients with GA associated with AMD.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was performed on a series of patients with GA that had at least 3 years of follow-up. Using the follow-up tool of SD-OCT, we tracked the initial lesions that could lead to GD.

Results

Among 442 patients with GA, 37 had well defined GD (8%). We included the 17/37 patients (31 eyes) with at least 3 years of follow-up for analysis, which led to a total of 582 counted GD. Most GD were already present at the first visit, and remained stable. However, on 13 of the 582 analyzed GD (2.2%), soft drusen were shown as the initial lesion, which progressively turned into GD.

Conclusions

GD were observed in less than 10% of eyes with GA. None of the ghost drusen turned into another shaped lesion, suggesting that GD is a possible final stage of evolution. In a few cases, large drusen were shown as the primary lesion that progressed into GD.
Homo Post-Sovieticus: (Re)fashioning the Male Body in Putin’s Russia
Authors: Roberts Graham H.
Published: June 2017

The subject of this article is the male body in contemporary Russian fashion photography. My aim is to locate such photography within current debates around subject construction, representation, and masculinity. In particular, I argue that a number of images of the male body that can be found on the websites of three Russian fashion designers—Serguei Teplov, Cyrille Gassiline, and Gosha Rubchinskiy—can be read as homoerotic. This emergent homoeroticism is all the more interesting because it comes at a time when Russia’s president, Vladimir Putin, has made heroic, heteronormative masculinity a central pillar both of his own personal popularity and of Russian national identity. As well as being noteworthy in itself, this raises important questions about the ideological nature of men’s fashion photography, not only in twenty-first-century Russia but also in a more general sense.
This Face, Here, Now: Moving Image Portraiture
Authors: Burstow Stephen
Published: June 2017

This article investigates the qualities of moving image portraiture that also illuminate the wider genre of photographic portraiture. The performance of portrait subjects over time brings attention to the triangulation of demand generated through the interaction of artist, subject, and viewer. Serial and group moving image portraiture engages with the power of global culture industries by imbricating these regimes with individual expression and personal desire. This article considers work by Candice Breitz, Rineke Dijkstra, Feng Feng, and Thomas Struth. This recent portraiture is framed by two reference points: Andy Warhol’s Screen Tests from the mid-1960s and a series of television station identifications that show the faces of viewers, the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) Face IDs. The Screen Tests have been chosen as seminal works that continue to have a significant impact on the genre. The SBS Face IDs, by contrast, have been selected because they operate at the limit of duration and subject presence.
Frustration, culmination, and inertia in Kimaragang grammar
Authors: Kroeger Paul
Published: June 2017

The FRUSTRATIVE particle in Kimaragang marks unrealized expectations or intentions, counterfactuals, etc. Copley & Harley (2010) propose a unified account for frustratives, non-culminating accomplishments (‘I killed the snake but it didn’t die’) and the “imperfective paradox”, based on Dowty’s (1979) concept of “inertia”. I argue that this analysis makes the wrong predictions for Kimaragang. The distribution of frustratives and non-culminating accomplishments in Kimaragang reveals a number of differences not predicted by the Copley & Harley analysis. These differences in distribution reflect in part a difference in the kind of expectation that is involved. In non-culminating accomplishments, the unachieved result is specified by the meaning of the verb, whereas frustrative clauses may involve expectations that are based on cultural factors, knowledge of the world, etc. I sketch out an alternative analysis of Kimaragang frustratives which treats expectation and intention as modal concepts.
Narrated Video Clips Improve Student Learning
Authors: Stephens Philip J.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study is to determine whether viewing narrated video clips improves student learning. The studywas conducted with undergraduate, mostly Biology majors, in an Animal Physiology course held in successivesemesters. When both classes were given the same face-to-face lectures and identical online resources theirperformance on an exam with the same multiple choice questions was not statistically different (two-tailed, unpairedt-test). However, when one group was also given unlimited online access to narrated video clips, these studentsperformed statistically better on a second exam with identical multiple choice questions. An attitudinal surveyshowed that students used the video clips as an introduction to the interactive animations and simulations and asstandalone mini-lectures, and they indicated that viewing the clips was the best and most efficient way to learnphysiological concepts. While this study used narrated video clips to augment traditional face-to-face instruction,they could be used in a flipped-class, a blended class, and for distance learning.
Preservice History Teachers’ Attitudes towards Identity Differences
Authors: Yazici Fatih
Published: June 2017

The ongoing changes in history education in support of diversity have an effect on Turkey even if on a limited scale. Although the current history curriculum in Turkey promotes the identity transmission instead of respecting different identities, it also has some goals such as “teaching the students about basic values including peace, tolerance, mutual understanding, democracy, and human rights, and making them sensitive about maintaining and improving these values”, which is compatible with the contemporary understanding of history education. However, it must be noted that the attitudes and perceptions of teachers are as important as their presence in curriculum in terms of reaching the aims of history education. The aim of this study was to reveal preservice history teachers’ attitudes towards identity differences. Identity Attitudes Scale (IAS), which was developed by Yazici (2016) to measure the attitudes towards identity differences, was conducted on 314 preservice history teachers. Preservice teachers’ attitudes towards identity differences in terms of gender, and their ethnic, religious and political identities were examined using t-test and one-way variance analysis. As a result, it was found that the variables had effect on preservice teachers’ attitudes at varying rates.
Utilization of Displaced Land of Former Red Stone Excavation for Milkfish Farming by Stick Net Cage System (A Case Study at Gentungan, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Authors: Sambu Abdul Haris
Published: June 2017

This study was conducted at Gentungan village, West Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia for four months, i.e., from March to July 2016. The study aimed to (1) determine the feasibility of water quality for nursing at the former land of red stone excavation, (2) analyze the growth rate, and (3) analyze the survival rate. Method used in this study was the stick net cage system which sized 4.0 × 3.0 × 1.5 m, with an average density was 20 fish/m3. The results showed that (1) the measurement and analysis results of water quality during the nursering period were still in the limits of feasibility as presented in Table 1, (2) the analysis results of growth rate were obtained an average growth rate of 117 gram for 160 days, and (3) the survival rate was 86%.
Rapid and Sensitive Determination of 13 Components in a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula of Da-Huang-Gan-Cao Decoction by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qu Jialin , Xiao Nan , Sui Hua , Liang Lina , Chen Jing , Li Weiling , Shang Dong
Published: June 2017

Da-Huang-Gan-Cao decoction (DHGCD), which is a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine, has been clinically used for the treatment of vomiting, constipation, pancreatitis, and cholelithiasis in China and Japan. In this study, a rapid and validated method using HPLC coupled with triple quadrupole MS was developed for the simultaneous determination of 13 components in DHGCD. Separation was performed on an XBridge BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and0.1% formic acid in water. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r > 0.9981) within the test range. LODs and LOQs were in the range of 1.0–20 and 2.6–69 ng/mL, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of the target compounds in 10 batches of DHGCD within a total time of 10 min. This method was conducive for the QC of DHGCD.
Youubi: Ambiente de Aprendizagem Ubíqua
Authors: De Sousa Monteiro Bruno , De Oliveira Everton Jales , Gomes Alex Sandro , Milton Mendes Neto Francisco
Published: June 2017

This work presents the design, implementation and evaluation of Youubi, a ubiquitous learning environment. Currently, this system is composed by a back-end based on web service and a client for Android smartphones and tablets which was used by students and teachers for four weeks. The adopted research method was composed by a design and implementation phase to develop the software artifacts, and a second phase in which these elements were used by the participants and whose collected data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results provide evidences that there was an increase in students’ engagement as well the emergence of new practices among students and teachers who have used the Youubi system during that period.
'Dignified sensibility and friendly exertion': Joseph Ritson and George Ellis's Metrical Romance(ë)s
Authors: McNutt Genevieve
Published: June 2017

The first decade of the nineteenth century saw an unprecedented number of publications of medieval romance in Britain, as a local manifestation of the recovery of vernacular literature taking place across Europe. Setting out to rescue texts from increasingly accessible public libraries, the early nineteenth-century editors struggled to find publishers willing to risk the publication of medieval romance, despite changing tastes. Drawing on contemporarycorrespondence, this article will use an instance of conflict and ill-humour to explore the mutually supportive collaborative networks that made these publications possible and, briefly, allowed even more ambitious projects to be planned.
Between Art Academy and Entertainment Culture: Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg, John Martin, and the Sublime
Authors: Mathias Nikita
Published: June 2017

This article discusses the work and the reception of the artists Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg (1740–1812) and John Martin (1789–1854), both in terms of their engagement with art as an academic discipline and in terms of their relationship to the emergent middle-class interest in the consumption of visual spectacle. A central concern in both respects was the aesthetic category of the sublime, which had been established around the mid-eighteenth century as the primary visual mode of experiencing the force and power of nature. De Loutherbourg successfully recreated sublime spectacles (for example, shipwrecks, volcanic eruptions, waterfalls, avalanches) within academy painting and stage design. Later, he invented the Eidophusikon, a multimedia device that was designed to stage dynamic natural phenomena. The Eidophusikon is thought to have influenced London’s pictorial entertainment circle, which proved inspirational for John Martin around half a century later.
Foreword
Authors: Editors The
Published: June 2017

No abstract
Dynamiques du montage : vers une adhésion sensible
Authors: Gleize Joëlle
Published: June 2017

Le personnage du journaliste dans Le jardin des Plantes (1997), figuration romanesque ambivalente d’un rapport au lecteur, me fournit ici un point de départ pour observer les modèles de lecture que propose Simon dans la fiction et dans ses conférences, et pour interroger ainsi la lisibilité du montage dans ses dernières oeuvres, où l’adhésion sensible prend une place grandissante. Il s’agit toujours de faire percevoir la composition et ses harmoniques, mais en les rendant visibles, et en pariant pour cela sur les effets du montage. Dans Le jardin des Plantes et dans Le tramway (2001), le blanc des intervalles donne à voir, à interroger et à ressentir l’implicite qui surgit de ces liaisons et déliaisons.
Acute cholecystitis or metastatic renal cell carcinoma? A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Finkelstein Leonard H. , Coffman Leland M.
Published: June 2017

Renal cell carcinoma is known to metastasize to many different organ systems. Lung and bone are clearly the most common sites of metastasis, but the symptoms at presentation may simulate those of other diseases of the organ system involved. The patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma described here had symptoms of acute cholecystitis.
New insights into the role of EMT in tumor immune escape
Authors: Terry Stéphane , Savagner Pierre , Ortiz‐Cuaran Sandra , Mahjoubi Linda , Saintigny Pierre , Thiery Jean‐Paul , Chouaib Salem
Published: June 2017

Novel immunotherapy approaches have provided durable remission in a significant number of cancer patients with cancers previously considered rapidly lethal. Nonetheless, the high degree of nonresponders, and in some cases the emergence of resistance in patients who do initially respond, represents a significant challenge in the field of cancer immunotherapy. These issues prompt much more extensive studies to better understand how cancer cells escape immune surveillance and resist immune attacks. Here, we review the current knowledge of how cellular heterogeneity and plasticity could be involved in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in controlling antitumor immunity. Indeed, recent findings have led to increased interest in the mechanisms by which cancer cells undergoing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), or oscillating within the EMT spectrum, might contribute to immune escape through multiple routes. This includes shaping of the TME and decreased susceptibility to immune effector cells. Although much remains to be learned on the mechanisms at play, cancer cell clones with mesenchymal features emerging from the TME seem to be primed to face immune attacks by specialized killer cells of the immune system, the natural killer cells, and the cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Recent studies investigating patient tumors have suggested EMT as a candidate predictive marker to be explored for immunotherapy outcome. Promising data also exist on the potential utility of targeting these cancer cell populations to at least partly overcome such resistance. Research is now underway which may lead to considerable progress in optimization of treatments.
Forest thinning impacts on the water balance of Sierra Nevada mixed‐conifer headwater basins
Authors: Saksa P. C. , Conklin M. H. , Battles J. J. , Tague C. L. , Bales R. C.
Published: June 2017

Headwater catchments in the mixed‐conifer zone of the American and Merced River basins were selectively thinned in 2012 to reduce the risk of high‐intensity wildfire. Distributed observations of forest vegetation thinning, precipitation, snowpack storage, soil water storage, energy balance, and stream discharge from 2010 to 2013 were used to calculate the water balance and constrain a hydroecologic model. Using the spatially calibrated RHESSys model, we assessed thinning effects on the water balance. In the central‐Sierra American River headwaters, there was a mean‐annual runoff increase of 14% in response to the observed thinning patterns, which included heterogeneous reductions in leaf area index (–8%), canopy cover (–3%), and shrub cover (–4%). In the southern‐Sierra Merced River headwaters, thinning had little impact on forest structure or runoff, as vegetation growth in areas not thinned offset reductions from thinning. Observed thinning effects on runoff could not be confirmed in either basin by measurements alone, in part because of the high variability in precipitation during the measurement period. Modeling results show that when thinning is intensive enough to change forest structure, low‐magnitude vegetation reductions have greater potential to modify the catchment‐scale water balance in the higher‐precipitation central Sierra Nevada versus in the more water‐limited southern Sierra Nevada. Hydrologic modeling, constrained by detailed, multiyear field measurements, provides a useful tool for analyzing catchment response to forest thinning.
Pore‐scale water dynamics during drying and the impacts of structure and surface wettability
Authors: Cruz Brian C. , Furrer Jessica M. , Guo Yi‐Syuan , Dougherty Daniel , Hinestroza Hector F. , Hernandez Jhoan S. , Gage Daniel J. , Cho Yong Ku , Shor Leslie M.
Published: June 2017

Plants and microbes secrete mucilage into soil during dry conditions, which can alter soil structure and increase contact angle. Structured soils exhibit a broad pore size distribution with many small and many large pores, and strong capillary forces in narrow pores can retain moisture in soil aggregates. Meanwhile, contact angle determines the water repellency of soils, which can result in suppressed evaporation rates. Although they are often studied independently, both structure and contact angle influence water movement, distribution, and retention in soils. Here drying experiments were conducted using soil micromodels patterned to emulate different aggregation states of a sandy loam soil. Micromodels were treated to exhibit contact angles representative of those in bulk soil (8.4° ± 1.9°) and the rhizosphere (65° ± 9.2°). Drying was simulated using a lattice Boltzmann single‐component, multiphase model. In our experiments, micromodels with higher contact angle surfaces took 4 times longer to completely dry versus micromodels with lower contact angle surfaces. Microstructure influenced drying rate as a function of saturation and controlled the spatial distribution of moisture within micromodels. Lattice Boltzmann simulations accurately predicted pore‐scale moisture retention patterns within micromodels with different structures and contact angles.