bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Neural Network-Based Channel Estimation Scheme in Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Lu Shuyu
Published: December 2024

Channel estimation is one of the most essential technologies of wireless communication, as well as necessary indicators to measure the system’s quality. In recent years, the combination of channel estimation and deep learning techniques has raised wide attention and become one of the most popular research directions of machine learning applications in the wireless communication area. However, in wireless communication systems such as massive MIMO, it’s too complicated to take traditional channel estimation methods with shortcomings like insufficient precision or increased cost. With the combination of deep neural networks (DDN) and the least squares (LS) method, this paper focuses on the deep learning-based channel estimation for massive MIMO systems. Compared with traditional algorithms such as LS or minimum mean-square error method, the loss function of the results is significantly reduced while simulating for the same analog channel. The problem of lack of precision has been improved efficiently and the performance has been improved substantially, which can prove the adequacy of the design of the channel estimator.
Research on harmonic suppression method of SPWM inverter circuit for photovoltaic power generation system
Authors: Ao Shilei
Published: December 2024

To effectively reduce and suppress the harmonics generated by single-phase inverter circuits, this paper mainly investigates the harmonic characteristics of single-phase Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) inverter in the output voltage and its suppression methods. According to the SPWM principle and Fourier series theory, the mathematical model and simulation of the output voltage of the SPWM inverter are established, and the harmonic characteristics of the SPWM inverter are analyzed. Secondly, the harmonic content and distribution of the output voltage under three different carrier control methods are investigated. Then, two effective methods for suppressing the harmonics of the output voltage of single-phase SPWM inverters are investigated: selecting the appropriate carrier ratio and injecting the proper number of harmonics. Finally, the study shows that a single-phase unipolar frequency doubling SPWM inverter can effectively filter out the high harmonics, making the output voltage waveform smoother and closer to the sinusoidal waveform. This study will have a certain positive impact on the future development of energy-saving power supply, high-quality power supply, and high-performance power supply technology in China, which can realize the efficient and low-pollution use of electric energy.
Encounter in the Netherworld: The Fusion and Evolution of Buddhism and Japanese Funeral Culture
Authors: Song Wenyue
Published: December 2024

Funeral culture, as a reflection of social structure, religious beliefs, and aesthetic values, records the footprints of social changes and mirrors people’s imagination and pursuit of the afterlife. This paper explores how Buddhist culture has integrated with indigenous Japanese funeral customs and together shaped Japan’s unique view of life and death. It first outlines the evolution of Japanese funeral practices and, through analysis of typical funerals such as Takamatsu Barrow and Kitora Kofun, reveals the combination of Buddhist art and traditional Japanese culture. Additionally, the article compares Buddhist elements in the funeral customs of Japan and China, demonstrating how Japan has achieved localization and innovation for its culture while accepting Buddhist culture. Finally, the paper conducts a summative analysis of the impact of Buddhism on the Japanese ethnic view of life and death in combination with the whole text. The evolution of Japanese funeral culture is a complex process that reflects the changes in religious beliefs and presents the development of cultural identity and aesthetic concepts.
Changes and Implications of Music Education in the Context of Sino-Western Musical Exchanges in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Authors: Huang Siyu
Published: December 2024

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, along with the entry of a large number of Western missionaries into China, large-scale cultural exchanges once again took place in China's history - the eastward trend of Western learning. During this period, Chinese and Western cultures frequently came into contact, collided, and mutually ingested and dissolved each other. After absorbing the elements of Western music, Chinese music achieved a certain degree of expansion and produced many outstanding artistic achievements. It can be said that it was the eastward transmission of Western music that injected new vitality into Chinese music, making it more colorful and glowing with unprecedented charm. In this paper, we will specifically discuss the influence of Chinese and Western music exchanges on music education in the Ming and Qing dynasties from three aspects.
Research of the Effect of Proficiency in the Use of Metacognitive Strategies on College Students' English Writing Achievement
Authors: Chen Chuqiao
Published: December 2024

This study takes 108 college students majoring in English in a university as the research object, and adopts questionnaire survey method and statistical analysis method to study the relationship between metacognitive strategies and English performance. Oxford (1992) classifies metacognitive strategies into attentional, planning and evaluative strategies, so this paper will analyze the influence on English performance from these three dimensions, and draws the conclusions that:(1) the metacognitive strategy use proficiency is at a high level, where the three dimensions are between high and medium levels; (2) metacognitive strategies have a positive correlation effect on English writing performance.
Systematic Analysis Based on the Optimal Design of Photovoltaic Inverter Circuit
Authors: Wang Guanfang
Published: December 2024

As a clean and renewable energy source, solar energy is of great significance to reduce greenhouse gas and harmful gas emissions, stabilize energy supply, promote industrial innovation, and help achieve sustainable development and carbon neutrality goals. In this paper, the structure and working principle of photovoltaic cells are introduced, and the characteristics of solar photovoltaic cells and thin film photovoltaic cells are compared and analyzed. Then, the application scenarios of solar photovoltaic power generation and thin film photovoltaic power generation are compared, and the future development direction of photovoltaic cells is prospected. Finally, the structure and working mechanism of the inverter circuit are introduced, some problems in the current photovoltaic inverter circuit are summarized, and then some optimization design of photovoltaic inverter circuit based on the maximum power point tracking technology and leakage current related problems are analyzed, and suggestions on how to optimize the design of photovoltaic inverter circuit are given.
An Overview of English Listening Instruction for University Students
Authors: Wang Kexin
Published: December 2024

The importance of effective English listening skills for college students has become increasingly recognized, prompting educators to reevaluate and adapt traditional teaching methods to better meet students' needs and improve their listening comprehension abilities..This paper explores the changing landscape of college students' English listening instruction, highlighting the drawbacks of conventional teaching strategies including rote memorization and grammar-focused instruction. This paper investigates cutting-edge educational approaches, in particular corpus-based instruction, interactive situational teaching, and multimedia-assisted learning, in light of the quick development of information technology. These cutting-edge teaching strategies provide fresh approaches to improving students' listening comprehension and encouraging self-directed learning.. The synthesis of current research highlights the significant impact of these approaches on student engagement and skill development, suggesting a transformative shift in how listening abilities are cultivated in the classroom. As this paper reflecst on these advancements, it advocates for ongoing exploration of their applicability across diverse cultural contexts and learner proficiency levels, underscoring the importance of adapting teaching practices to meet contemporary educational needs.
Overview of Wireless Charging Technology Optimization for Electric Vehicles
Authors: He Chengke
Published: December 2024

In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have attracted wide attention for their clean, energy-saving, quiet operation and high energy efficiency. Wireless charging technology achieves complete electrical isolation between the power supply and the electrical equipment. It not only has the advantages of safety and flexibility but also avoids a series of problems such as charging cable mismatch. It is one of the trends of the future development of electric vehicle power supply technology, but it needs to be further improved in terms of energy loss and safety. This paper first introduces the concept of wireless charging and then elaborates the principle of magnetic coupling charging, which is popular in electric vehicles. Secondly, in view of the energy loss and other problems, the author combs the resonant charging mode, increasing the trunk coil, and other ways to reduce the energy loss. Changing the shape of the motor controller and using synthetic materials to promote heat dissipation and reduce human radiation. Finally, the challenges of wireless charging of electric vehicles are explained, and the future development of electric vehicles is prospected.
The Differences in Teaching Methods Between China and the United States: From Teacher Roles to Student Participation
Authors: Liu Yinan
Published: December 2024

More specifically, the researcher in this study will investigate teacher roles and student participation between Chinese educational system and American school. This contrasts with the Confucian background practiced in China, which enables a more authoritative approach to teaching that also defines students as passive listeners. In contrast, the American educational system views instructors more as facilitators who should create an atmosphere that encourages critical thinking and student engagement. This approach is rooted in the ideas of progressive educators like John Dewey. In order to ascertain how these various teaching strategies are influencing student engagement and information acquisition, this study employs a comparative approach. This study paper's methodology involves a thorough analysis of relevant literature on inquiry-based learning methodologies and cultural norms. The findings imply that there are differences in teacher-student interactions based on major variations in students' autonomy.The U.S. system is also intended to encourage critical thinking and an individual sort of exploration, while China's approach is more focused on structured learning that helps meet performance expectations. The study suggests that incorporating aspects from both systems may produce better results in higher achievement — and provide critical lessons for reforms to come in the two countries.
Development, Applications, and Future Trends of UAV Autonomous Navigation Technology
Authors: Pan Ziyang
Published: December 2024

Background and Significance: With the rapid advancement of drone technology, automatic navigation systems have become one of the most critical components, playing an increasingly vital role in modern technological applications. As drones become more integral to various industries, the need for sophisticated navigation systems that can operate autonomously and efficiently has grown exponentially. These systems not only enhance the operational capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) but also expand their potential uses across diverse fields such as agriculture, logistics, defense, and environmental monitoring. Understanding the development and current state of UAV automatic navigation technology is crucial for anticipating future trends and guiding innovation in this rapidly evolving field. Contribution of This Study: This article offers a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of UAV automatic navigation technology, providing a detailed analysis of its current applications across different sectors. By evaluating existing technologies and their performance, the study highlights the strengths and limitations of current systems, offering insights that can drive future advancements. Additionally, the article predicts and discusses potential future trends in UAV navigation technology, aiming to contribute to the ongoing innovation and broader adoption of these systems. This work serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners looking to advance UAV automatic navigation technology and explore new application possibilities.
Levitational Dynamics: Analyzing the Performance of Lightweight Objects over a Vertical Jet
Authors: Fan Linhao
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the phenomenon of aerodynamic levitation, concentrating on the performance of various lightweight objects as they are positioned over a vertical air jet emitted by a standard household hair dryer. The study meticulously analyzes levitation, which is achieved by balancing gravitational pull with aerodynamic forces that act counteractively, utilizing objects of different masses, volumes, and geometric shapes. The experimental framework is crafted using easily accessible household items, which include a hair dryer for generating air jets and various lightweight objects. The process involves video recording to meticulously track and analyze the stability and altitude of these objects while they levitate. To interpret the experimental data, the study integrates mathematical calculations and fundamental physics theorems. Results from the experiments indicate that the shape of an object is a critical factor influencing its stability and effectiveness in levitation scenarios. Spherical and ellipsoidal objects exhibit superior levitational characteristics and maintain stability more effectively compared to angular-shaped objects such as cubes and pyramids, which display a propensity to be displaced from the jet stream due to their less aerodynamically favorable shapes.
V2X typical scenarios and optimization system analysis
Authors: Meng Zihan
Published: December 2024

With the aggravation of global environmental problems and the growing concern for sustainable development, the electric vehicle industry is rapidly emerging as an important part of the transportation and energy sectors. By systematically analyzing the background of the invention of electric vehicles, their technological development, and their impact on the environment, this paper explores the working principle of electric vehicles, their positive impact on the environment, and the multiple uses of batteries. It is found that electric vehicles not only excel in reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption but also demonstrate their great potential in energy management through technologies such as vehicle-to-grid interaction (V2G) and vehicle-to-load (V2L). With the continuous advancement of technology, EVs will play a more important role in future green transportation and smart energy systems. This study provides theoretical support for the further development of electric vehicles and also calls for joint efforts to promote the sustainable development of this industry.
Turn-taking to Analyze the Current Situation of English classes in Chinese high school students
Authors: Shen Jiawei
Published: December 2024

English is one of the most widely used languages of communication in the world and is crucial to China's interaction with the rest of the world in the fields of business, education, science and technology, and culture. In China's education system, English, as a core subject, is compulsory from primary school to university. High school is a critical period for students to improve their English skills, which can have a long-term impact on one's academic and career development. However, due to the restrictions of classroom routine, teachers are the masters of discourse, and students have no right to speak. Instead, their right to speak is granted by the teacher or classroom rules, and who, when, and what is said is set in stone. Such classes deprive students of the opportunity to practice rotation skills. Taking turns can motivate students to learn a second language. In a conversation, students need to listen carefully to what others are saying, if they can't understand the conversation, the conversation won't happen. This allows students to absorb a large amount of input language and turn it into absorption, ultimately reaching language proficiency. However, due to the limitations of the classroom discourse wheel, students may miss out on part of the intrinsic motivation for second language acquisition. This study attempts to explore the rotation rules and its pragmatic strategies in the interaction between teachers and students in English classrooms, so as to enable English learners to master the rotation rules and conversational strategies, achieve good communicative effects, stimulate the vitality of classroom teaching and improve the quality of teaching.
Research Advanced in Object Detection based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Boao , Qi Wangzhixin , Zhang Xiaoning
Published: December 2024

Object detection has always been a fundamental research topic in the computer vision community, which focuses on predicting the category and location of all objects in the scene. In last several years, progressing from the rapid development of deep learning, the speed and accuracy of general object detection methods have also achieved significant breakthroughs. This paper aims to report the latest research progress in the field of object detection based on deep learning to inspire and promote subsequent research. Specifically, this paper systematically introduces the research progress of predecessors from four aspects: dual-stage, single-stage, Transformer-based and key point, including the design ideas and basic processes of representative algorithms. In addition, this paper also quantitatively compares the performance of different methods on common data sets to further distinguish the benefits and disadvantages of different categories of methods. Finally, this paper summarizes the challenges that still exist in the field of object detection and looks forward to future development directions.
AI Technologies in Modern Taxation: Applications, Challenges, and Strategic Directions
Authors: Wang Mengdie
Published: December 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in tax administration represents a transformative technological shift in public finance management. This paper synthesizes recent research on AI applications in taxation, examining technological developments from 2014 to 2024. The analysis reveals significant advancements in compliance monitoring, fraud detection, and policy implementation through AI-enabled systems. Machine learning algorithms, blockchain technology, and natural language processing have enhanced tax authorities' capabilities in risk assessment, audit selection, and taxpayer service delivery. While these technologies demonstrate substantial benefits in administrative efficiency and compliance enforcement, they also present challenges in data privacy, system security, and cross-border coordination. The study identifies critical research gaps, particularly in long-term impact assessment, cross-cultural implementation, and the integration of emerging AI technologies. Future research directions should focus on developing robust governance frameworks, improving system transparency, and addressing the evolving needs of digital economy taxation. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working at the intersection of artificial intelligence and taxation.
How Nigeria’s Poor Economic and Social Infrastructure Fail to Realize its Demographic Dividend
Authors: Hong Yuan
Published: December 2024

Nigeria is a country with rich populational resources, especially people of young age, and thus is thought to be an ideal choice for building an “world factory”. But recently Nigeria is facing a gap between its economic situations and its estimated populational dividend, which will be tributed to its poor infrastructure. Generally, the longly poorly-developed history has left Nigeria backward means of manufacturing and a lack of systematic infrastructure to minimize the cost of operating, both making Nigerian products and services less competitive in the global market. Also, its young population, due to generally education levels and traditional cultural influence, cannot serve as efficient labour force to support the development of modern industries. This article focuses on the generalization of various factors blocking the further development of Nigeria, each corresponding to a specific sector. Based on former researches and available data, the current demographic and economic patterns of Nigeria are shown, and their further impact is evaluated.
Explanation of the principles of the Booth algorithm, Verilog implementation and simulation
Authors: Jiang Wangye
Published: December 2024

In an era marked by heightened constraints on computer processing speed and storage capacity, optimizing computational efficiency and space utilization assumes paramount importance. Consequently, the deployment of proficient algorithmic tools holds significant significance within the realm of computing. The principal categories of multipliers encompass conventional multipliers, shift-and-add multipliers, Look-Up Table (LUT) multipliers, and Booth algorithm multipliers. Among these, the Booth algorithm substantially influences multiplier performance enhancement. This paper investigation commences with a comprehensive elucidation of the mathematical underpinnings of the Booth algorithm. Subsequently, it involves the development of code corresponding to the mathematical expressions, which is executed within the VIVADO environment. Given the inherent simplicity of the experiment, virtual simulation is directly conducted in VIVADO. The analysis is grounded in the examination of data waveforms. Ultimately, the output waveform is correlated with the BOOTH mathematical formula, culminating in the successful implementation of the BOOTH algorithm. This paper aims to effectively curtail the presence of '1's in computer data, thereby reducing the computational steps and conserving operational space. This, in turn, leads to a notable acceleration in the computational speed, accomplishing the objective of enhancing computational efficiency.
Exploring native language interference of Chinese learners in acquisition of English as a second language on cases in composition of college level students
Authors: Yu Shanshui
Published: December 2024

Under the dominating phenomenon of mandatory English learning among most of Chinese university, students are commonly criticized unnatural Chinglish in their compositions. Thus, it has been a widely studied topics to discover the nature of first language influence on foreign or second language learning. This study investigates the impact of native language interference on the English writing proficiency of Chinese college students. By examining a large body of student papers collected at a corpus created and maintained by Beijing Foreign Studies University, the study aims to identify common grammatical errors and non-standard language that arise when Chinese students switch to English. Another element of the study that tries to identify and illustrate Chinese students' mental processes while they write in English is the semi-structured interview. Observation and analysis reveal that interference from the original tongue often manifests as errors in sentence construction, misuse of articles and agreements, and excessive use of personal pronouns as subjects. This leads to descriptive inappropriate language usage and prescriptive grammar errors in composition. The study emphasizes the necessity for focused pedagogical approaches to deal with these issues, with the ultimate goal of improving English as Second Language (ESL) instruction techniques and raising Chinese learners' confidence and language competency.
Application of Managerial Economics in Business Management
Authors: Chen Leslie
Published: December 2024

Against the backdrop of increasing market demand uncertainty, increasingly fierce competition, difficulty in cost control, and lack of scientific decision-making tools, enterprises need guidance from management economics. This study is based on the basic theoretical framework of management economics, analyzing the core challenges faced by enterprises in operational management at present, and proposing a series of practical strategies, including market demand forecasting and analysis, deployment of differentiated competitive strategies, cost reduction through economies of scale, and integration of digital means. The study also looks forward to the development trends of management economics, including the deepening application of big data and artificial intelligence technology, and the cross-border integration of management, behavioral economics, and psychology. Research has found that the rational application of management economics can help companies optimize their selection process, enhance market competitiveness and operational efficiency, and open up new paths for their sustainable development.
Advice for East Asian Countries’ English Teaching under the Perspective of Lexical Pragmatics— Taking Modern Family as examples
Authors: Sun Keying
Published: December 2024

Though there were sufficient lexical analyses and Pragmatics analyses, researches based on Lexical pragmatics are not enough as it involves the combination of written meaning of text and extended meaning based on context in particular situations. Subsequently, more teaching methods are required for ESL in East Asian countries who aims at communication with native English speakers in cultures where English is the first language. This paper focused on the lexical pragmatics analysis of an episode of Modern Family, a popular American sitcom in which characters’ lines were used to create humor successfully. Aspects in lexical pragmatics including narrowing, broadening and figurative speeches such as metaphor and puns are used for research in this paper. In addition, teaching methods, such as adding English conversation practice and corresponding criteria were proposed for high level ESL in East Asian countries. This paper could help broaden creative mind for English teachers for second language learners to improve teaching quality.
Adaptation Process and Challenges in Intercultural Communication among Chinese University Students in German: Based on Culture Shock Theory
Authors: Li Jiayi
Published: December 2024

As for international students, although the series of challenges they face before going abroad, such as applications and examinations, are over for the time being. While some students may find it difficult to immediately adjust to a foreign culture, this does not imply that studying abroad is without personal problems. This paper uses the "U" curve model and the ABC model to study each of the four basic stages and unique content manifestations that Chinese students may encounter after moving to Germany. It is based on Oberg's theory of culture shock. They will encounter four main phases that could occur: the honeymoon, shock, adjustment, and adaptation stages. Immersion in the host culture, a string of melancholy experiences like loneliness, realizing the necessity for change, and a gradual assimilation into the local way of life are each depicted separately.This analysis is helpful in helping international students learn how to manage their anxiety, adapt to challenges, and cope with the manifestations of culture shock. It also offers lessons on how to better deal with culture shock and ease the transition to studying abroad.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Security Protection System Based on the Improved AHP-FE Method
Authors: Pan Shengzhe , Zhang Tao , Chen Yulin
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of information technology, security protection systems (SPS) have become vital for safeguarding data and resources. A significant decision-making challenge is presented to design an optimal security strategy amidst complex factors. This paper applies a combined approach of Fuzzy Evaluation (FE) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to enhance the design and evaluation of SPS. The methodology integrates FE for constructing an evaluation model to determine the appropriate weight of each index and AHP, paired with the Paired Majority Rule (PMR) and the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE), to hierarchically analyze security factors. This approach creates a decision model based on consistency checks to derive the optimal security strategy. The results show that the proposed methods can effectively quantify complex security factors and generate optimized solutions for security protection. Experimental case studies validate the method's accuracy and reliability, demonstrating the wide application potential of integrating big data technology into complex decision-making processes for security systems.
Detección de estrés por medio de redes neuronales artificiales en personal sanitario
Authors: Cañedo Figueroa Carlos Eduardo , Duque Alarcón Xóchitl , Tinoco Zamudio María Teresa Silvia
Published: December 2024

En el presente documento se describe un estudio sobre la detección de estrés en profesionales sanitarios mediante el uso de redes neuronales artificiales. Se generó un modelo de red neuronal para clasificar datos relacionados con la detección oportuna de problemas de estrés en personal sanitario. Para ello, se obtuvieron datos clasificados utilizando la referencia del instrumento ProQOL, seguido de la aplicación de un modelo matemático para incremento de datos de forma artificial. Posteriormente, se aplicó el entrenamiento de redes neuronales artificiales modificando hiperparámetros y funciones de activación de forma experimental mediante el lenguaje de programación de Python. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una estimación de la capacidad de clasificación (F1-score) del 85.3, 67.5 y 89.3 % para la detección de Burnout, fatiga por compasión y estrés traumático secundarios, respectivamente. Se advierte la posibilidad de mejorar el desempeño de estos resultados incrementando los datos de entrenamiento. Debe resaltarse que esta es una investigación que involucra datos únicamente del contexto del hospital del ISSSTE de la ciudad de Chihuahua.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v18i3.1641
The effect of spraying Basfoliar Kelp SL and calcium on some physiological and physical characteristics of date palm fruits, Phoenix dactylifera L, Al-Shwaithi cultivar
Authors: Wead Karim Abdel Raheel Al-Atabi  , Ahmed Dinar Al-Asadi
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted during the 2023 growing season in one of the private orchards in Thi Qar Governorate, with the aim of studying the effect of spraying fruits with concentrations of Basfoliar Kelp SL (0, 2 and 4) ml L-1 and calcium (0, 2.5 and 5) ml L-1 and their interactions in Some physiological and physical characteristics of date palm fruits, Al-Shwaithi variety, at the Rubab stage.
 The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment according to a completely randomized block design with five replications to calculate the studied characteristics. Concentrations of Basfoliar Kelp SL and calcium were sprayed 21 days after pollination and upon completion of fruit set, and 6 sprays between one another (15 days) and until fruit growth was completed and the coloring phase began. The results can be summarized as follows.
The concentration of seaweed extract Basfoliar Kelp SL (4 ml L-1) showed a significant increase in most of the physiological and physical traits studied, and the highest rates were recorded for: maturity rate (87.68%), fruit length (3.76 cm), fruit diameter (2.41 cm), and fruit weight. (10.38 cm) and shoot weight (8.28 kg), in addition to the concentration (4 ml L-1) recorded the lowest rates, with a significant difference in the percentage of fruit drop (12.94%).  The calcium concentration (5 ml L-1) showed a significant increase in most of the physiological and physical traits studied, and the highest rates were recorded in the maturity rate (86.38%), fruit length (3.68 cm), fruit diameter (2.38 cm), fruit weight (10.15 g), and bunch weight ( 7.61 kg) for the Rubab stage, in addition to recording the lowest rates with a significant difference in the percentage of fruit drop (10.66%).
As for the effect of the interaction parameters between Basfoliar Kelp SL (4 ml L-1) and Calcium (5 ml L-1), it was significant in giving the highest rates of physiological and physical characteristics during the retag stage.
The Effect of Biochar Levels on the Efficiency of Nitrogen Absorption and some Growth Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum .L (
Authors: Raheem Alwan Halool Jassim  , Mohammed A. Naser  , Mustafa A. Manshoud  , Hawraa Naeem Jalal
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was carried out at the second research station of the College of Agriculture , Al-Muthanna University in the agricultural season 2022/2023 to study the effect of adding biochar levels on the efficiency of nitrogen (N) absorption and some growth characteristics of the wheat crop. Biochar was added at four levels (0, 1.5, 2, 2.5) percentage (%) by volume to the soil before planting. Planting took place on 11/23/2022. An experiment was applied in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. The means were compared according to the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the probability level of >= 0.05. The percentage of chlorophyll in the plant, the efficiency of nitrogen absorption at the flowering and harvesting stages, the height of the plant, the biological yield, and the concentration of nitrogen in the plant at the flowering and harvesting stages were studied. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences when adding biochar  in plant height ( A3, 107.73 Cm ) and chlorophyll content in the leaves ( A2 , 48.80 spad and A1 , 48.15 spad ) , as all treatments were superior to the control treatment. There were significant differences for adding biochar in the amount of nitrogen in the plant at the flowering ( A3 , 395 kg ha-1 ) and harvesting stage ( A3 , 250 kg ha-1 ), as all treatments outperformed on the control treatment. The results also showed that there were significant differences for adding biochar in flag leaf area ( A2 ,71.62 cm2 and A3 , 70.26 cm2 ) and the efficiency of nitrogen absorption at the flowering ( A3 , 64.4 % ) and harvesting stage ( A3 , 50 % ).
Study of saline effects in Azospirillum spp isolated from agricultural soils : south of Thi Qar governorate
Authors: Hasanain Ali Al-Kinani Hasanain Ali Al-Kinani
Published: December 2024

Biofertilizers, containing microorganisms, colonize plant roots or interiors, increasing nutrient supply and stimulating growth. High salinity in agricultural soils reduces water absorption, growth rate, and photosynthetic activity, leading to physiological dehydration and growth inhibition. To develop biofertilizers, Azospirillum spp isolates were used, which are symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria that promote plant growth, absorb minerals, and absorb water. The study aimed the impact of varying NaCl concentrations on the growth and effectiveness of Azospirillum spp isolates from five agricultural areas in the Fadliya district south of Thi Qar governorate. The isolates, all Gram-negative, were motile and responded to the requirements of biotin and pectin did not decompose during this study, except for the AZOST.3 isolate, they did not need decomposed biotin and pectin. The results of the current study showed the growth of Azospirillum spp at various levels of NaCl at a field capacity of 28% . All isolates recorded good growth at a minimum concentration of 3% NaCl, and growth gradually decreases with increasing salt concentration until reaching a concentration of 5% NaCl, which shows the extent of the portability of these isolates to grow at high concentrations of salt and its interference with humidity within the field capacity of 28%, as these isolates recorded more growth and tolerability of high salt concentrations compared to the low growth recorded by the AZO ST.1, AZO ST.2, and AZO ST.3 through a concentration of 4% NaCl at a field capacity of 14%  .The study of the growth of Azospirillum spp at different pH levels also showed a variation in the growth intensity within the isolated strains of Azospirillum, as all five isolates recorded a gradual growth from the lowest level at pH 5.5 to pH 8.5 . It was also found that they can grow at high pH levels, which proves their potential as successful vaccines for cultivation in saline and alkaline soils.
Effect of planting depth and charcoal levels on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield and components
Authors: Muaid Shaker Ali Muaid Shaker Ali
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of using different levels of charcoal on barley crop planted at different depths in the fields of the College of Agriculture and Marshlands, University of Thi Qar during the fall season of 2023 in order to determine the possibility of providing quantities of water held by charcoal for the germination and growth of barley crop in Thi Qar, Iraq. The charcoal levels were (0, 0.50 and 0.75) kg/1 kg of soil and the planting depth levels were (0, 5 and 10 cm) so that the experimental units were arranged according to factorial experiments using a complete randomized block design with three replications. The results showed the significant effect of the two study factors and their interaction on the studied traits of barley crop, as the significant effect of charcoal was observed at the level of (0.75) kg/1 kg soil on the trait ((plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, and weight of 100 grains (g)) at a rate of (53.8 cm, 25.04 cm2, 6.856 tillers per plant, 5.30 spikes per plant, 3.942 g) respectively, while the level (0.50 kg/1 kg soil) recorded the highest rate in the traits ((total grain yield (kg per half square meter), biological yield (kg per half square meter), and harvest index%) at a rate of (1.058 kg, 15.71 kg, and 6.57%) respectively. Also, the planting depth (5 cm) had a significant effect on all studied traits and differed from the rest of the planting depths. The best combination was using charcoal at a level of (0.5 kg per 1 kg of soil) with a depth of (5 cm), which confirms the importance of using charcoal to improve soil properties and provide water for the crop to grow well and give the best yield.
The effect of the microponic mixture and the female cultivar on some physical characteristics of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L., produced from tissue culture and grown in Thi Qar Governorate.
Authors: Sarah Judah Hasson Al-Zaidy  , Batool Hanoon Falih Al-Zubaidy
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted during the 2023 growing season at the palms Akkad station in Shatrah District, affiliated with the General Authority for Palms - Ministry of Agriculture, to study the effect of spraying with Microponic at four concentrations (0, 0.5 , 1, and 1.5 ) ml L-1 and the female cultivar resulting from tissue culture (Barhi and Hilali) and the interaction between them in some physical characteristics of date palms. The results showed the following: Spraying with different concentrations of Microponic and the female cultivar had a significant effect in improving the physical characteristics of the fruits during the khalal stage, and the spraying treatment with Microponic at a concentration of 1 ml L-1 significantly achieved the highest averages for: (fruit weight, core , fruit size and diameter) reaching (14.42 and 13.51) g fruit-1 , 13.19 cm3 fruit-1 and 2.650 cm.fruit-1, respectively, for the khalal stage.
The Hilali cultivar was significantly superior in giving the highest averages of fruit weight, core , fruit size, and diameter reaching (16.16 and 15.24) gm fruit-1, 15.08 cm3 fruit-1, and 2.835 gm fruit-1), respectively, in the Khalal stage. As for the effect of the interference treatments, it was significantly superior to the interference treatment between Microponic at a concentration of 1 ml L-1 and the Al-Hilali cultivar gave the highest averages for (fruit weight, core, fruit size and diameter) reaching ( 17.36 and 16.40 ) g. fruit-1 and 16.27 cm3 fruit-1 and 2.927 cm , respectively.
Gorilla Troop Optimizer-Driven Fault-Tolerant Scheduling for Cloud-Based Business Workflows
Authors:   Fellow of Actuarial Society of South Africa (FASSA), University of Pretoria (UP), South Africa, Takura Takura
Published: December 2024

The study proposes a GTO-FTASS (Gorilla Troop Optimizer-Based Fault Tolerant Aware Scheduling Scheme) for improving the reliability and performance in the cloud computing context. Cloud systems are more likely to fail due to the architecture of these layers and dependence on both the hardware and software, therefore require more sophisticated fault-tolerant solutions. The preliminary to this work is the design of an adaptive GTO-FTASS with a fitness function based on two constraints: Expected Time of Completion (ETC) and Failure probability that were derived from the gorilla value system. The approach provides resource utilization and task planning with the provision of fault recovery hence reducing exposure to time loss and operational vulnerability. MGS outperforms several state-of-the-art models, such as MTCT, MAXMIN, ACO, NSGA-II, and DCLCA in terms of makes pan, failure ratio and failure slowdown. Finally, the applicability of experimental validation with various situations and fluctuating intensities demonstrates the scalability of the model and its stability under pressure, decreased failure rates and increased effectiveness of performed tasks. Through the approaches to latency, resource, and error correction, GTO-FTASS is an investment that stewards have to make to cut costs and achieve high performance on clouds. The framework also provides competitive benefit and robustness for cloud enterprising in fluctuating and crucial strategic applications.
Comprehensive Analysis of Stock Price Dynamics Using Ensemble Machine Learning Models for Enhanced Prediction Accuracy
Authors:   Associate Professor, GGITS, Jabalpur, M.P., India, Vinamra Vinamra
Published: December 2024

Stock price prediction is an important component of the financial analysis because the results influence the increase in economic growth and investment. This work aims to develop an ensemble SL technique that consists of mainly PCA, PSO, and SVM to achieve better prediction. Hence, through PCA, large numbers of stocked data dimensions are compressed without compromising on the crucial feature of data set. The problem of parameter selection for non-linear datasets is handled by using a bio-inspired optimization technique known as PSO in order to optimize the SVM hyperparameters. As the core accurate predictor model, the SVM employs the Radial Basis Function to provide the substantial regression capacity for sophisticated financial data sets. The ensemble framework was used with actual stock price data and the information set into training and testing sets. The acknowledgement of probable manifold values indicated that the proposed approach is more accurate than conventional approaches, with an accuracy rate of 95.5 %, when benchmarked using RMSE or MAE. In particular, the forecasts of stock prices by integrating PCA for feature reduction and PSO for parameter tuning with SVM regression is a notable improvement. The proposed methodology can be easily applied to scale for financial analytics since it manages to solve for the issues of noisy and non-linear high dimensional data.
Optimized Hybrid Machine Learning Approaches for Stock Market Forecasting and Time Series Analysis
Authors:   Associate Professor, GGITS, M.P., India, Sushmita Sushmita
Published: December 2024

The research introduces an innovative hybrid model of KPCA, ESVM, and TLBO to analyze stock price variation and time series forecasting. To handle the issue of high dimensionality of the financial data and the nonlinear dependencies amongst the variables, the model employs KPCA for feature extraction, thus identifying, and retaining only the feature space that is most relevant. Subsequently, the features extracted are passed through ESVM for regression – aiding in correct estimations on stock prices. To improve the outcome, prediction accuracy and to fine transient parameters of the model TLBO as a metaheuristic algorithm is used. The application of KPCA-ESVM-TLBO establishes optimal characteristics from the above methodologies, producing efficiency in tackling complications and nonlinearity of the data structures. KPCA looks for hidden structure; ESVM does regression with the kernel; and TLBO twiddles appropriate knobs such as λ and kernel coefficients. By using real-world financial data sets, the experimental evaluations presented show that the reported method outperforms the conventional benchmarks in relations of predictive accuracy. MAE, RMSE, and accuracy confirm its relevance: predictive accuracy of 99.99%. This approach to using artificial neural networks in tandem with a nearest neighbor algorithm presents the prospect of a potent weapon for forecasting and decision making in ever complex and volatile market.
Analysis of the Dynamics of the State External Debt of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Economics, Student of the department “World Economy and International Economic Relations”, Uzbekistan, Akhmedova Akhmedova
Published: December 2024

This article examines the theoretical aspects of the external debt of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study analyzed the dynamics of the state external debt of the Republic of Uzbekistan, its structure and creditors and the distribution of external debt by industry. The article also examines the reasons for the increase in public debt and develops strategies for further reducing the state external debt