bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and fluorescence of ‘Tahiti’ acid lime/rootstock on Sunki mandarin hybrids under salinity
Authors: Silva Luderlândio de Andrade , Brito Marcos Eric Barbosa , Fernandes Pedro Dantas , Sá Francisco Vaniés da Silva , Moreira Rômulo Carantino Lucena , Sales Giuliana Naiara Barros , Almeida Juliana Formiga , Soares Filho Walter dos Santos
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ecophysiological behavior of ‘Tahiti’ acid lime/rootstock grafted on Sunki mandarin hybrids during the prefloration stage of the plants, in the field, under saline stress. The progenies originating from crossings of the ‘Sunki’ mandarin with ‘Rangpur’ lime and Poncirus trioliata, as rootstocks, combined with the ‘Tahiti’ acid lime as a scion. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Pombal PB fields. In drainage lysimeter of 150 dm3, studying 10 scion/rootstock combinations, irrigated with two water salinity levels (CEa) (S1 = 0.3 and S2 = 3.0 dS m-1) making a 10 x 2 factorial scheme. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with 3 replicates and each plot consisting of a useful plant, totalizing 60 parcels. The scion/rootstock plants were transplanted at one year of age from the rootstocks sowing, being the beginning of the applications of the saline stress to the 15 days after the transplant lasting until the period of flowering, that is, up to 195 days after transplanting, During this period the plants were analyzed for growth and chlorophyll fluorescence a. The combinations less sensitive to salinity were composed of the ‘Tahiti’ grafted with TSKFL x (LCR x TR) - 018, TSKFL x TRBK - 011 and TSKFL x TRBK - 030, it being possible to use saline water with up to 3.0 dS m-1 in irrigation. Salinity did not damage the biochemical phase of the scion/rootstock combinations, only affecting the initial fluorescence of the lighted tissue.
Germination temperatures affect the physiological quality of seeds of lettuce cultivars
Authors: De Almeida Fernando Araújo , Silva-Mann Renata , Dos Santos Heloisa Oliveira , Pereira Rucyan Walace , Blank Arie Fitzgerald
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality allied to biochemical quality of lettuce seeds by germination and enzymes expression at 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 42ºC. Germination speed index and percentage of germination were estimated. Isoenzyme expressions were assessed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), catalase (CAT), esterase (EST), pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (GOT). The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 4x6, with four cultivars and six different temperatures, with four replications. The highest germination and vigor were observed for cv. ‘Everglades’ at 35°C, which proved that this cultivar is thermotolerant. Catalase can be considered a genetic marker for the identification of thermotolerant lettuce cultivars. Cultivar ‘Everglades’ has potential to be used in lettuce breeding programs aimed at cultivars tolerant to high temperatures during germination.
Water deficit on germination and vigour in seeds of the Jambu
Authors: Sarmento Erivanessa Costa Sousa , De Oliveira Fernando Sarmento , Dos Santos Brenna Rafaella Verissímo , Torres Salvador Barros , Benedito Clarisse Pereira , Dutra Alek Sandro
Published: August 2019

Water availability influences plant metabolism during the various stages of development, especially in the period between germination and seedling emergence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water deficit during the germination process on seeds of A. oleracea. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomised design, with four replications of 50 seeds. The treatments were arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with the first factor consisting of the osmotic potentials (-0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 and distilled water for the potential 0.0 MPa) and the second factor consisting of two lots of seed. The germination test was carried out on substrates moistened with solutions of mannitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) at the various potentials, in a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) germinator at a temperature of 30°C and under constant light. The test was evaluated daily for 14 days, considering the seeds that had a root length equal to or greater than two millimetres as having germinated. The variables under analysis were germination, germination speed index, seedling length and seedling dry weight. The germination process of A. oleracea is compromised at water potentials of -0.2 MPa and -0.4 MPa when submitted to PEG and mannitol respectively. Seeds from Lot 1 were more tolerant to the water deficit than were those from Lot 2.
Construction, validation and reliability of an instrument for evaluation and evolution of chronic wounds
Authors: Melo Adriana Feliciana , Dantas Verônica de Mendonça , Chavaglia Suzel Regina Ribeiro , Barbosa Maria Helena , Júnior Marcos Antônio Ferreira , Barichello Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

construct and validate an instrument for evaluation and evolution of chronic wounds. The content and apparent validities were appreciated by experts, the reliability by the analysis of concordance between evaluators using the interclass correlation coefficient and to verify the construct validity was used the instrument Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing. the analysis of the scores of the instrument by the ICC showed an excellent and significant correlation (K = 0.914) and to verify the construct validity of the instrument, the Pearson correlation coefficient, whose result was 0.573, showed a statistically significant and strong correlation between the scores instrument and the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing. Most of the concordances of the items were classified as moderate or substantial.  The instrument is valid and reliable. It is suggest longitudinal studies in larger populations, semantic validation in a sample of nurses, and an illustrative guide to standardize concepts in order to improve the evaluation of metric properties.
Growth supression of plant pathogenic fungi using bryophite extracts
Authors: Latinovic Nedeljko , Sabovljevic Marko S. , Vujicic Milorad , Latinovic Jelena , Sabovljevic Aneta D.
Published: August 2019

Chemicals are often used in attempts to control diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi during food production. However, chemicals can have adverse effects not just on food, but they also remain active for a long time within ecosystems, and thus are not environmentally friendly. Therefore, development of bio-treatment and avoiding use of chemicals are urgently needed. With the aim of studying and developing new environmentally-friendly treatments, we tested extracts from selected bryophyte species (Porella platyphylla, Cinclidotus fontinaloides and Anomodon viticulosus) on five plant pathogenic fungi under controlled conditions. The fungi (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis viticola, Calosphaeria sp., Colletotrichum acutatum and Monilinia laxa) were selected based on common diseases they cause on fruits and grapevine. They were isolated in cultures and treated with bryophyte extracts. Bryophyte extracts were shown to be effective in suppression of certain plant pathogenic fungi growth and to have a huge potential in development of novel biotechnological treatments and biofungicides. The best results were achieved in inhibition of B. dothidea, P. viticola and Calosphaeria sp.
Status of Management College Libraries in Bhubaneswar Odisha, India a Comparative Study
Authors: Partap Bhanu , Saha Payel
Published: August 2019

The aim of the present study is to explore the current status of management college libraries in Bhubaneswar region of Odisha, India. A questionnaire based survey has been conducted in the selected management college libraries in Bhubaneswar region of Odisha and tried to evaluate the current status of staff, collection, services, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, budgetary provision, and other related aspects. The copies of well structured questionnaire have been distributed among the seven management college libraries in Bhubaneswar in the month of January 2019, out of which, five college libraries have been responded positively. It was found that all the responded management college libraries were providing Internet and Wi-Fi services and have adopted open access system to its collection. The library of XIMB has the highest number of books (50,000) in its collection, whereas, the library of RCM has 44,500, ASBM has 26,562, KIITSOM has 20,868 and MIMTS has 5000. It is also found that all the libraries under study were automated their activities and services with the implementation of professional library management software, as well as offering open access to its collection. Based on the findings, the researchers were also suggested that more and more electronic resources must be procured by all the libraries under study as well as IT infrastructure should be regularly enhanced so that users’ satisfaction could be achieved at utmost level.
Nutritional Intervention during Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Environments A Dietary Perspective
Authors: Yadav Dev Kumar , Xavier Janifer Raj , Chauhan Om Prakash , Patki Prakash Eknath , Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Published: August 2019

The future war scenario is based on use and applications of various conventional and non-convectional agents which includes weaponised or non-weaponised chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN), toxic industrial materials, direct energy devices/ weapons, and or high yield explosives. These include nerve agents, blood agents, vesicants or skin blistering agents, lung irritants, asphyxiants or choking agents. Biological weapons are basically disease causing microorganisms and other replicating entities including viruses, infectious nucleic acids and prions. These agents have ability to infect host and are highly virulent, pathogenic and dangerous in nature. The interface between ammunitions and above agents is soldier whose physical and mental health is affected as enough precautionary measures are not adopted. The reducing environment thus created has various agents which enter into exposed body and lead to mild to serious damage to various vital parts of the human body. As food is important component for survival and intrinsic to basic human nutrition and health, therefore, it is imperative to develop certain kind of a wholesome meal system which can be consumed by the soldiers tasked with combating CBRN situations during such operations. Such meals can be in the form of solid or liquid type and packaged in suitable delivery system, compatible and amenable with the CBRN suit. Food can be contaminated during CBRN conditions by coming in direct or indirect contact with CBRN agents. Therefore, the food materials to be used under such conditions need to be protected in suitable coverings as consumption of contaminated food can be lethal. Designer meal for CBRN environment is not only suitable for soldiers but also to all human interface dealing with similar scenario viz. the low intensity conflicts and surgical operations, nuclear submarines, cosmonauts, pilots, individuals handling radiation equipment and patient undergoing chemotherapy for cancer.
Device Free Localisation Techniques in Indoor Environments
Authors: Anusha K S , Ramanathan Ramachandran , Jayakumar M
Published: August 2019

The location estimation of a target for a long period was performed only by device based localisation technique which is difficult in applications where target especially human is non-cooperative. A target was detected by equipping a device using global positioning systems, radio frequency systems, ultrasonic frequency systems, etc. Device free localisation (DFL) is an upcoming technology in automated localisation in which target need not equip any device for identifying its position by the user. For achieving this objective, the wireless sensor network is a better choice due to its growing popularity. This paper describes the possible categorisation of recently developed DFL techniques using wireless sensor network. The scope of each category of techniques is analysed by comparing their potential benefits and drawbacks. Finally, future scope and research directions in this field are also summarised.
A Rapid Flow through Membrane Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Bacillus anthracis using Surface Array Protein as a Biomarker
Authors: Puranik Nidhi , Kumar Manoj , Tripathi N. , Pal V. , Goel A. K.
Published: August 2019

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis is an important disease of biowarfare and public health importance. It is imperative to develop a simple system which can detect and differentiate B. anthracis from other closely related species. The surface array protein (Sap), which is secreted during the early growth phase of bacteria can be an important biomarker for detection of B. anthracis. In the present study, we have developed a rapid flow through membrane ELISA for detection of B. anthracis. Polyclonal antibodies were used to develop a sandwich plate ELISA, which could detect 3.9 ng/ml of recombinant Sap. B. anthracis bacteria grown in culture broth could be detected after 5 h of growth. Finally, a rapid flow through membrane ELISA was developed which can be accomplished just within 2 minutes, instead of 3-4 h as required in sandwich plate ELISA. The results established that the developed flow through membrane ELISA may be used for detection of B. anthracis. The proposed method is rapid, safe and user friendly for detection of B. anthracis culture.
W krainie światła, w krainie Cienia. Nad prozą autobiograficzną Faruka Šehicia
Authors: Bukwalt Miłosz
Published: August 2019

The aforementioned issues were studied with the use of a set of scientific tools in the area of anthropology of culture (abjective experiences and objects, symbolism of blood, category of childhood), theory of trauma, hypnology and hyperesthesia, polemology, humanistic psychiatry, Bachelard’s theory of poetic image, topoanalysis and poetics of the elements. The process of interpretation also included the Jungian concept of structure of personality known as the Shadow archetype.
The Impact of Climate Change in the Valuation of Production Assets via the IFRS Framework
Authors: Scholten Rebecca , Lambooy Tineke , Renes Remko , Bartels Wim
Published: August 2019

An interesting relatively new development in the field of corporate climate change disclosures is the Task force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). The TCFD aims to help identify the information needed by financial stakeholders to appropriately assess and price climate change related risks and opportunities. In its first Report (2016), the TCFD recommends that companies provide climate change related disclosures specifying the impact thereof on their financial performance through mainstream (i. e. public) financial filings.

In this paper, we look at the financial accounting standards as an institutional framework, and in particular pose the question to what extent this framework supports companies to disclose how climate change impacts their operations and the value of the production assets. To test to what extent companies make disclosures in relation to climate change, we selected four energy companies and conducted a comparative case study analysis. Our focus is on the valuation of production assets, more specifically, drilling platforms, windmill platforms, heavy equipment and transport means used to support the production, and pipes and cables to transport the energy units produced.

Interesting findings were: (i) in all four cases, potential future changes (caused by climate change) concerning the valuation of the production assets are not (yet) accounted for in their Balance Sheet Annex. This is remarkable because climate change is likely to have an effect on the future value of the production assets employed in the two types of industries, among others caused by the development that renewable energy demand increases at the expense of non-renewable energy demand; and (ii) the current financial reporting system does not support renewable energy companies to provide meaningful and quantitative insights in expected increases of their future cash inflows and their financial and innovation potential. This impedes financiers and investors to accurately and meaningfully assess the value of a renewable energy company’s business compared with a non-renewable company’s business.
Types and annotation of reply relations in computer-mediated communication
Authors: Herzberg Laura , Lüngen Harald
Published: August 2019

This paper presents types and annotation layers of reply relations in computer- mediated communication (CMC). Reply relations hold between post units in CMC interactions and describe references from one given post to a previous post. We classify three types of reply relations in CMC interactions: first, technical replies, i. e. the possibility to reply directly to a previous post by clicking a ‘reply’ button; second, indentations, e. g. in wiki talk pages in which users insert their contributions in the existing talk page by indenting them and third, interpretative reply relations, i. e. the reply action is not realised formally but signalled by other structural or linguistics means such as address markers ‘@’, greetings, citations and/or Q-A structures. We take a look at existing practices in the description and representation of such relations in corpora and examples of chat, Wikipedia talk pages, Twitter and blogs. We then provide an annotation proposal that combines the different levels of description and representation of reply relations and which adheres to the schemas and practices for encoding CMC corpus documents within the TEI framework as defined by the TEI CMC SIG. It constitutes a prerequisite for correctly identifying higher levels of interactional relations such as dialogue acts or discussion trees.
Higher differentiability of solutions to a class of obstacle problems under non-standard growth conditions
Authors: Gavioli Chiara
Published: August 2019

We establish the higher differentiability of integer order of solutions to a class of obstacle problems assuming that the gradient of the obstacle possesses an extra integer differentiability property.
We deal with the case in which the solutions to the obstacle problems satisfy a variational inequality of the form

∫
Ω

〈

𝒜
⁢

(
x
,

D
⁢
u

)

,

D
⁢

(

φ
-
u

)

〉

⁢

𝑑
x

≥
0

 

for all 
⁢
φ

∈

𝒦
ψ

⁢

(
Ω
)

.

\int_{\Omega}\langle\mathcal{A}(x,Du),D(\varphi-u)\rangle\,dx\geq 0\quad\text{%
for all }\varphi\in\mathcal{K}_{\psi}(\Omega).

The main novelty is that the operator

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

satisfies the so-called

p
,
q

{p,q}

-growth conditions with p and q linked by the relation

q
p

<

1
+

1
n

-

1
r

,

\frac{q}{p}<1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{r},

for

r
>
n

{r>n}

.
Here

ψ
∈

W

1
,
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

{\psi\in W^{1,p}(\Omega)}

is a fixed function, called obstacle, for which we assume

D
⁢
ψ

∈

W
loc

1
,

2
⁢
q

-
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

{D\psi\in W^{1,2q-p}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\Omega)}

, and

𝒦
ψ

=

{

w
∈

W

1
,
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

:

w
≥

ψ
⁢
 a.e. in 
⁢
Ω

}

{\mathcal{K}_{\psi}=\{w\in W^{1,p}(\Omega):w\geq\psi\text{ a.e. in }\Omega\}}

is the class of admissible functions.
We require for the partial map

x
↦

𝒜
⁢

(
x
,
ξ
)

{x\mapsto\mathcal{A}(x,\xi\/)}

a higher differentiability of Sobolev order in the space

W

1
,
r

{W^{1,r}}

, with

r
>
n

{r>n}

satisfying the condition above.
On the Gitik–Shelah theorem
Authors: Frankiewicz Ryszard , Jureczko Joanna
Published: August 2019

The well-known Gitik–Shelah theorem (1989) touches the problem of existence isomorphisms between some quotient algebras.
In this paper, we study a relation between the existence of such isomorphisms and the existence of so-called Kuratowski partitions of adequate Baire spaces.
For this purpose, we give strictly combinatorial methods.
Determinants of smoking behavior among young males in rural Indonesia
Authors: Efendi Ferry , Aidah Fitriana Nur , Has Eka Mishbahatul M. , Lindayani Linlin , Reisenhofer Sonia
Published: August 2019

Introduction

A high prevalence of tobacco smoking has been reported among adolescents and young adults, especially men, in lower-middle-income countries such Indonesia. Understanding the extent and determinants of smoking within this population, particularly those living in rural areas where smoking rates are anecdotally higher than in city areas, is essential to inform development of targeted smoking prevention and reduction programs. This study analyzes the prevalence and determinants of smoking behavior among young men in rural Indonesia.

Methods

Secondary data analysis of the 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey: Adolescent Reproductive Health (IDHS ARH) were used. Data from 4811 rural males (15–24 years of age) were selected through two-stage stratified cluster sampling techniques. The chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression were used to determine significant factors associated with tobacco smoking.

Results

More than half of this population in rural Indonesia were smokers. Significant factors associated with smoking were: age 20–24 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4–3.2), working status (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.95–2.57), low education level (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.52–2.45), access to magazines (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.89) and access to the radio (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12–1.48) at least once a week.

Conclusions

A significant proportion of adolescents and young men in rural Indonesia smoke tobacco. Exposure to media with likely cigarette advertising (radio and magazines) and access to money via employment in the context of lower socio-economic and education levels elevate the risk of smoking. While Indonesian government campaigns targeting smoking are in place, further work is required to decrease smoking rates and prevent a future smoking-related health crisis for rural Indonesia’s young men.
Modeling and Testing of a Milli-Structured Reactor for Carbon Dioxide Methanation
Authors: Pérez S. , Del Molino E. , Barrio V. L.
Published: August 2019

The methanation of carbon dioxide (CO2) via the Sabatier reaction is an exothermic process that needs the continuous removal of the heat produced for avoiding the sintering of the catalyst. A novel milli-channel reactor with internal diameter of each channel in the millimeter size has been designed, manufactured and tested for the Sabatier reaction. Thanks to its configuration, this reactor could control effectively the heat generated by the reaction, attaining an intensification of the process. A CFD model was used to study the reaction phenomena occurring inside the reactor and the corresponding heat transfers. The kinetic parameters of the reaction have been obtained, and employing different process condition (different temperatures, pressures and gas flow rates) the results obtained have been studied. At the evaluated parameters, the CFD model fits the experimental results in the developed reactor.
The Mechanisms Behind the United Nations Secretary-General’s Mechanism – an Examination of the History and Application of the Fact-Finding Mechanism to the Alleged Chemical Attacks in Syria
Authors: Green Tyler
Published: August 2019

A historical assessment of the use of chemical and biological weapons, Syria’s use of chemical weapons, and the abilities and authority of the United Nations, specifically the United Nations Secretary-General’s Mechanism.
Pricing under dynamic risk measures
Authors: Zhao Jun , Lépinette Emmanuel , Zhao Peibiao
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we study the discrete-time super-replication problem of contingent claims with respect to an acceptable terminal discounted cash flow. Based on the concept of Immediate Profit, i.e., a negative price which super-replicates the zero contingent claim, we establish a weak version of the fundamental theorem of asset pricing. Moreover, time consistency is discussed and we obtain a representation formula for the minimal super-hedging prices of bounded contingent claims.
Finite groups with star-free noncyclic graphs
Authors: Ma Xuanlong , Walls Gary L. , Wang Kaishun
Published: August 2019

For a finite noncyclic group G, let Cyc(G) be the set of elements a of G such that 〈a, b〉 is cyclic for each b of G. The noncyclic graph of G is a graph with the vertex set G ∖ Cyc(G), having an edge between two distinct vertices x and y if 〈x, y〉 is not cyclic. In this paper, we classify all finite noncyclic groups whose noncyclic graphs are K1,n-free, where K1,n is a star and 3 ≤ n ≤ 6.
A new way to represent functions as series
Authors: Norman Manuel
Published: August 2019

In this paper we will show a new way to represent functions as infinite series, finding some conditions under which a function is expandable with this method, and showing how it allows us to find the values of many interesting series. At the end, we will prove one of the main results of the paper, a Representation Theorem.
Prediction of recurrence-associated death from localized prostate cancer with a charlson comorbidity index–reinforced machine learning model
Authors: Lin Yi-Ting , Lee Michael Tian-Shyug , Huang Yen-Chun , Liu Chih-Kuang , Li Yi-Tien , Chen Mingchih
Published: August 2019

Research has failed to resolve the dilemma experienced by localized prostate cancer patients who must choose between radical prostatectomy (RP) and external beam radiotherapy (RT). Because the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a measurable factor that affects survival events, this research seeks to validate the potential of the CCI to improve the accuracy of various prediction models. Thus, we employed the Cox proportional hazard model and machine learning methods, including random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), to model the data of medical records in the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). In total, 8581 individuals were enrolled, of whom 4879 had received RP and 3702 had received RT. Patients in the RT group were older and exhibited higher CCI scores and higher incidences of some CCI items. Moderate-to-severe liver disease, dementia, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, and cerebrovascular disease all increase the risk of overall death in the Cox hazard model. The CCI-reinforced SVM and RF models are 85.18% and 81.76% accurate, respectively, whereas the SVM and RF models without the use of the CCI are relatively less accurate, at 75.81% and 74.83%, respectively. Therefore, CCI and some of its items are useful predictors of overall and prostate-cancer-specific survival and could constitute valuable features for machine-learning modeling.
Color generation from self-organized metalo-dielectric nanopillar arrays
Authors: Ravishankar Ajith P. , van Tilburg Marvin A.J. , Vennberg Felix , Visser Dennis , Anand Srinivasan
Published: August 2019

Nanostructures composed of dielectric, metallic or metalo-dielectric structures are receiving significant attention due to their unique capabilities to manipulate light for a wide range of functions such as spectral colors, anti-reflection and enhanced light-matter interaction. The optical properties of such nanostructures are determined not only by the shape and dimensions of the structures but also by their spatial arrangement. Here, we demonstrate the generation of vivid colors from nanostructures composed of spatially disordered metalo-dielectric (In/InP) nanopillar arrays. The nanopillars are formed by a single-step, ion-sputtering-assisted, self-assembly process that is inherently scalable and avoids complex patterning and deposition procedures. The In/InP nanopillar dimensions can be changed in a controlled manner by varying the sputter duration, resulting in reflective colors from pale blue to dark red. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of the distribution of the formed nanopillars shows that they are spatially disordered. The electromagnetic simulations combined with the optical measurements show that the reflectance spectra are strongly influenced by the pillar dimensions. While the specular and diffuse reflectance components are appreciable in all the nanopillar samples, the specular part dominates for the shorter nanopillars, thereby leading to a glossy effect. The simulation results show that the characteristic features in the observed specular and diffused reflectance spectra are determined by the modal and light-scattering properties of single pillars. While the work focuses on the In/InP system, the findings are relevant in a wider context of structural color generation from other types of metalo-dielectric nanopillar arrays.
Armut als Ordnungsfrage – Vom Wert des ordnungsökonomischen Denkens
Authors: Schüller Alfred
Published: August 2019

Die Armutsfrage wird heute bevorzugt als staatliches Verteilungs- und Lenkungsproblem, kaum noch als umfassende Ordnungsaufgabe mit dem Ziel der allgemeinen Wohlstandsmehrung aufgefasst, wie dies vor 70 Jahren mit einer erfolgreichen Währungs- und Wirtschaftsreform im Verständnis der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft geschah. Inzwischen sind die Grundsätze dieses Wirtschaftssystems weithin brach liegend. Was lernen wir davon und welche Perspektiven ergeben sich daraus – vor allem auch für Europa?
Monetary Policy, Privileges and Economic Development: Ordoliberal Lessons for the EMU
Authors: Duarte Pablo
Published: August 2019

The currency and economic reform of West Germany in 1948 created institutional conditions that permitted a rapid postwar recovery. The reforms were based on the idea of privilege-free competition as a means towards a functioning economic order which is acceptable to participants. The crisis-management policies in the EMU after 2009 go in the opposite direction. Based on technocratic arguments, European institutions have granted privileges in form of bailouts. Indirectly, the ECB has granted further privileges through its ultra-loose monetary policy. The expected consequences are less competition, higher concentration of economic and political power, “zombification” of firms and banks as well as lower productivity and output growth. The lesson from West Germany’s reform for the EMU is the importance of privilege-free competition for economic development.
Real Wage Effects of Japan’s Monetary Policy
Authors: Latsos Sophia
Published: August 2019

This paper examines real wage effects of monetary policy in Japan, particularly during the past two decades of monetary easing. The literature generally attributes real wage trends to structural factors that influence the nominal wage components, such as the disappearance of downward nominal wage rigidity. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it offers a theoretical framework for the transmission of monetary policy shocks to real wages, emphasizing the responsiveness of labor productivity growth to monetary expansion. Secondly, it alludes to the significance of real wage effects of monetary policy for optimal policy design.
Think small – Das deutsche Stromnetz als Hindernis für die Energiewende
Authors: Schlesewsky Lisa
Published: August 2019

Durch die Liberalisierung der europäischen Strommärkte sowie die deutsche Energiewende steigen die Anforderungen an das deutsche Stromnetz. Es wird gezeigt, dass das deutsche Stromnetz diesen Anforderungen aufgrund seiner Eigenschaft als Common-Pool-Resource (CPR) und daraus hervorgehenden Übernutzungsproblemen nicht nachkommen kann. Es zeigt sich eine Schwächung des Wandels hin zu erneuerbaren Energien und dadurch eine Verlangsamung der Energiewende. Als ein idealtypischer Lösungsansatz von CPR-Problemen wird eine Regulierung hin zu selbstorganisierten lokalen CPR zur Energieerzeugung und -bereitstellung beleuchtet. Lokale CPR können gegenüber zentralen Infrastrukturen bessere Kontrollmöglichkeiten und eine geringere Verantwortungsdiffusion unter den Nutzern, eine schnellere und effizientere Entscheidungsfindung sowie stärkere Innovationskraft aufweisen. Vor allem aber kann gezeigt werden, dass die Übernutzungsproblematik des Stromnetzes durch einen Closed Access-Ansatz in Form von lokalen CPR überwunden werden kann und eine Selbstregulierung anhand der vorgestellten Design Principles zur nachhaltigen Bewirtschaftung lokaler CPR nach Ostrom ohne dauerhafte ordnungspolitische Eingriffe möglich ist.
Sezessionsklauseln: Ein Instrument zur Förderung von Freiheit und Wohlstand?
Authors: Apolte Thomas
Published: August 2019

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den konstitutionellen Effekten von Sezessionsklauseln. Zunächst wird die Wirkung von Sezessionsklauseln auf die Stabilität einer staatlichen Verfassung untersucht. Im Anschluss wird der Umstand analysiert, dass es sich bei einer Sezessionsklausel um ein Kollektivrecht und nicht um ein Individualrecht handelt. Berücksichtigen wir dies, so finden wir neben möglichen freiheitsfördernden Effekten auch solche, welche die individuelle Freiheit und den Wohlstand in schwerwiegender Weise gefährden. Dennoch finden wir historische Sezessionen, welche als Abspaltung aus einer totalitären Struktur eine freiheitliche Verfassung erst ermöglicht haben. Diese Sezessionen beruhten aber nicht auf konstitutionellen Sezessionsrechten, sondern wurden von den jeweiligen Zentralstaaten als illegal betrachtet. Im Ergebnis lautet die zentrale These dieses Beitrags, dass Sezessionsklauseln in autoritären Regimen wirkungslos sind, während sie in freiheitlich verfassten Gesellschaften tendenziell destabilisieren sowie bedrohlich für Freiheit und Wohlstand sind.
From beams to glass: determining compositions to study provenance and production techniques
Authors: Vilarigues M. , Coutinho I. , Medici T. , Alves L.C. , Gratuze B. , Machado A.
Published: August 2019

Combining a stylistic approach with chemical analyses and focusing not only on composition but also on production technology, this research aims to identify possible centres of post-medieval production of glass as well as decorative production techniques used in stained glass, in particular the grisaille.

The use of several combined analytical techniques allowed for the unveiling of the composition of glass and the structure of grisailles. Sorting out the grisaille structure sheds light on the processes employed to produce paints, while compositions of glass objects are used to propose production provenances. Both contribute to the study and critical analysis of how glass heritage has developed over time, including materials and technical practices, uncovering the transfer of technology and movement of people and goods.
Is spectrophotometric enzymatic method a cost-effective alternative to indirect Ion Selective Electrode based method to measure electrolytes in small clinical laboratories?
Authors: Gandhi Paulin A. , Vanikar Aruna V. , Patel Rashmi D. , Kanodia Kamal V. , Suthar Kamlesh S. , Nigam Lovelesh A.
Published: August 2019

Aim

Our study was aimed to compare two different laboratory methods used to measure serum sodium and serum potassium level i.e. between the indirect Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) based and Enzymatic based method in Beckman Coulter AU-480, USA, in serum samples.

Materials and methods

This was a cross sectional single center study carried out from September’16 to January’17 on 130 serum samples, to compare the result of serum sodium (S. Na+) and serum potassium (S. K+) level by indirect ISE and Enzymatic method in fully automated biochemistry analyzer (Beckman Coulter AU-480, USA).

Results

To validate new enzymatic method bias, CV% and correlation coefficient were measured for S. Na+ and S. K+. The study has drawn a considerable agreement for measurement of S. K+ level between two methods with mean ± SD of difference was 0.14 ± 0.22 (p = 0.2242), CV% 2.7% and r2 value of 0.94, whereas disagreement for measurement of S. Na+ level with mean ± SD of difference was 2.38 ± 2.36 (p < 0.01), CV% 0.5% and r2 value of 0.82. Bias, CV% and correlation coefficient are acceptable for S. K+, whereas nonacceptable for S. Na+ level measurement as per Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) guidelines.

Conclusion

There was a good correlation in S. K+ between both methods whereas values were not correlated well with S. Na+ level. So, enzymatic method can be used as an alternative to indirect ISE method for estimation of S. K+ in small laboratories due to its cost effectiveness, but still intense workout is required for estimation of S. Na+.
Justiça e Ditadura: atuação das Cortes Supremas de Brasil e Argentina durante as ditaduras de segurança nacional
Authors: Da Costa Machado Patricia
Published: August 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar, através de decisões judiciais e legislação concernente ao papel das Cortes Supremas de Brasil e Argentina, o posicionamento destes tribunais frente à ruptura democrática vivenciada nesses países a partir dos golpes de 1 de abril de 1964 e de 24 de março de 1976, buscando compreender a relação dialética entre o Judiciário e a repressão que foi implementada nos anos que se seguiram. O arcabouço teórico se sustenta na perspectiva da história do direito, um conceito abrangente que inclui regras, normas sociais sancionadas por autoridades, dentro de um sistema preciso de coerções e punições e que exige uma delimitação clara de suas fronteiras. A partir da análise da legislação e das fontes, verifica-se que o Supremo Tribunal Federal exerceu um papel mais efetivo em limitar a atuação da repressão do que sua congênere argentina, demonstrando, contudo, o interesse de ambos os regimes em manter certo grau de legalidade em suas condutas.
Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Integrate into Rat Brain Circuits and Maintain Both Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Activities
Authors: Yin Xiling , Xu Jin-Chong , Cho Gun-sik , Kwon Chulan , Dawson Ted M. , Dawson Valina L.
Published: August 2019

The human cerebral cortex is a complex structure with tightly interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neuronal networks. In order to study human cortical function, we recently developed a method to generate cortical neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that form both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal networks resembling the composition of the human cortex. These cultures and organoids recapitulate neuronal populations representative of the six cortical layers and a balanced excitatory and inhibitory network that is functional and homeostatically stable. To determine whether hiPSC-derived neurons can integrate and retain physiologic activitiesin vivo, we labeled hiPSCs with red fluorescent protein (RFP) and introduced hiPSC-derived neural progenitors to rat brains. Efficient neural induction, followed by differentiation resulted in a RFP+neural population with traits of forebrain identity and a balanced synaptic activity composed of both excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Ten weeks after transplantation, grafted cells structurally integrated into the rat forebrain. Remarkably, these hiPSC-derived neurons were able to fire, exhibiting both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents, which culminates in the establishment of neuronal connectivity with the host circuitry. This study demonstrates that neural progenitors derived from hiPSCs can differentiate into functional cortical neurons and can participate in neural network activity through functional synaptic integrationin vivo, thereby contributing to information processing.
Elucidating the Neural Representation and the Processing Dynamics of Face Ensembles
Authors: Roberts Tyler , Cant Jonathan S. , Nestor Adrian
Published: August 2019

Extensive behavioral work has documented the ability of the human visual system to extract summary representations from face ensembles (e.g., the average identity of a crowd of faces). Yet, the nature of such representations, their underlying neural mechanisms, and their temporal dynamics await elucidation. Here, we examine summary representations of facial identity in human adults (of both sexes) with the aid of pattern analyses, as applied to EEG data, along with behavioral testing. Our findings confirm the ability of the visual system to form such representations both explicitly and implicitly (i.e., with or without the use of specific instructions). We show that summary representations, rather than individual ensemble constituents, can be decoded from neural signals elicited by ensemble perception, we describe the properties of such representations by appeal to multidimensional face space constructs, and we visualize their content through neural-based image reconstruction. Further, we show that the temporal profile of ensemble processing diverges systematically from that of single faces consistent with a slower, more gradual accumulation of perceptual information. Thus, our findings reveal the representational basis of ensemble processing, its fine-grained visual content, and its neural dynamics.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans encounter groups of faces, or ensembles, in a variety of environments. Previous behavioral research has investigated how humans process face ensembles as well as the types of summary representations that can be derived from them, such as average emotion, gender, and identity. However, the neural mechanisms mediating these processes are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ensemble representations, with different facial identity summaries, can be decoded and even visualized from neural data through multivariate analyses. These results provide, to our knowledge, the first detailed investigation into the status and the visual content of neural ensemble representations of faces. Further, the current findings shed light on the temporal dynamics of face ensembles and its relationship with single-face processing.
Análisis macroeconómico del Programa Oportunidades, como una opción para reducir la pobreza: un enfoque educativo
Authors: Lechuga Rodríguez Eduardo Luis , Velázquez Valadez Guillermo
Published: August 2019

En el presente trabajo se aborda el tema de la pobreza desde el enfoque de las políticas gubernamentales que han incidido en su reducción, estancamiento o incremento, parte de estas acciones, se traducen en programas sociales. El Programa Oportunidades se analiza, debido a su importancia, además, ha favorecido a la población vulnerable por más de 20 años en todo México, es un programa enfocado a la mejora y aumento del capital humano de las familias, cuyo objetivo es detener la transmisión de pobreza entre generaciones.En la revisión teórica, se incluyeron teorías económicas sobre pobreza, cuya finalidad es mostrar las principales metodologías de su medición, asimismo, los supuestos de la teoría de capital humano nos permiten observar que el Programa Oportunidades está basado en ellos. Finalmente, se planteó un modelo econométrico siguiendo la metodología de las ecuaciones mincerianas, agregando variables socioeconómicas de control que permiten observar los efectos del Programa Oportunidades. Se realizó una segmentación de la población en cuartiles con la finalidad de estimar el impacto del programa en diferentes sectores de la población, se utilizaron datos de 2004 a 2014. Los resultados muestran que, pese al esfuerzo gubernamental, el objetivo principal del Programa Oportunidades no se ha alcanzado.
Método para medir la inmadurez neuronal en el estrabismo congénito
Authors: Gallegos-Duarte Martín , Mendiola-Santibañez Jorge Domingo
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Determinar el grado de inmadurez neuronal en el estrabismo esencial mediante análisis Voxel (granulometría y FreeSurfer) de la corteza cerebral.Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio piloto, prospectivo, transversal, observacional para analizar la densidad granulométrica y el grosor cortical de los cerebros de seis niños de siete años de edad, agrupados de la siguiente manera: dos niños sanos como grupo control (GC), dos niños con esotropia congénita (ET), dos niños con exotropia disociada (XTD), y un niño de 2 años de edad con leucomalacia (LM). Los resultados fueron comparados para su análisis.Resultados: El GC mostró la mayor cantidad de elementos granulométricos en la sustancia blanca, mientas que el caso de LM mostró la menor cantidad así como un aumento de volumen de estos; los casos de estrabismo ocuparon posiciones intermedias entre estos dos parámetros. Mediante FreeSurfer se identificó en el grupo problema un aumento del espesor en la corteza estriada y una disminución en los lóbulos temporales.Conclusión: La inmadurez neuronal está representada por la disminución de la densidad de la sustancia blanca, el aumento en la sustancia gris, la disminución del grosor cortical en los lóbulos temporales y el aumento de grosor cortical en lóbulos occipitales. Existe una relación cuantitativa entre la cantidad, calidad, proporción y distribución de los elementos granulométricos de la sustancia gris y blanca de la corteza cerebral que permite establecer de una manera objetiva la inmadurez neuronal mediante análisis Voxel.
Capacidades humanas y desarrollo local. El caso de la producción de melón en Costa Rica
Authors: Barboza Arias Luis
Published: August 2019

El objetivo del estudio es identificar los arreglos institucionales creados por los actores y las organizaciones del sector de melón en Costa Rica, para favorecer las competencias de los trabajadores. En 2016, el área sembrada con melón presentó una extensión de 5008 hectáreas de terreno, con una producción de 152 416 toneladas métricas del producto. Cerca del 81 % de la producción local se exporta a otros países. Se utiliza un enfoque mixto en el análisis de los datos, al combinar elementos de naturaleza cuantitativa y cualitativa a partir de la realización de encuestas a un grupo de 16 organizaciones productoras, cuya mano de obra se caracteriza por la participación de trabajadores con una baja escolaridad, la mayoría de ellos migrantes nicaragüenses. No obstante, la gestión del aprendizaje se realiza a través de estrategias verticales, orientadas de arriba hacia abajo, y basada en reglas y procedimientos codificados que dificultan la rápida absorción. Se concluye que la ausencia de estructuras de apoyo para estimular acciones colectivas y de base que reviertan esta situación a través del fomento de capacidades humanas sigue siendo una tarea pendiente. Tampoco, se dispone de los mecanismos adecuados para incluir la dimensión sociocultural, la cual es uno los pilares fundamentales de la competitividad.
Deliberar la política de desarrollo rural territorial costarricense
Authors: Fernández Alvarado Luis Fernando
Published: August 2019

El artículo despliega las hipótesis para el análisis de la política de desarrollo rural territorial (DRT) costarricense, que corresponden con la teoría del Estado, el trabajo de los poderes públicos, la acción del Gobierno y la evaluación de los resultados. Lo anterior, puesto que en Costa Rica la política de DRT responde a la Ley 9036, con rizomas en la promoción del desarrollo rural territorial en América Latina y en la experiencia nacional desde 1994. Las hipótesis son una agenda que estimula la evaluación para innovar la política pública rural y territorial para el desarrollo regional.