bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic Space of MGMT in Human Glioma Revisited: Novel Motifs, Regulatory RNAs, NRF1, 2, and CTCF Involvement in Gene Expression
Authors: Ibrahim Al-Obaide Mohammed A. , Arutla Viswanath , Bacolod Manny D. , Wang Wei , Zhang Ruiwen , Srivenugopal Kalkunte S.
Published: March 2021

Background: The molecular regulation of increased MGMT expression in human brain tumors, the associated regulatory elements, and linkages of these to its epigenetic silencing are not understood. Because the heightened expression or non-expression of MGMT plays a pivotal role in glioma therapeutics, we applied bioinformatics and experimental tools to identify the regulatory elements in the MGMT and neighboring EBF3 gene loci. Results: Extensive genome database analyses showed that the MGMT genomic space was rich in and harbored many undescribed RNA regulatory sequences and recognition motifs. We extended the MGMT’s exon-1 promoter to 2019 bp to include five overlapping alternate promoters. Consensus sequences in the revised promoter for (a) the transcriptional factors CTCF, NRF1/NRF2, GAF, (b) the genetic switch MYC/MAX/MAD, and (c) two well-defined p53 response elements in MGMT intron-1, were identified. A putative protein-coding or non-coding RNA sequence was located in the extended 3′ UTR of the MGMT transcript. Eleven non-coding RNA loci coding for miRNAs, antisense RNA, and lncRNAs were identified in the MGMT-EBF3 region and six of these showed validated potential for curtailing the expression of both MGMT and EBF3 genes. ChIP analysis verified the binding site in MGMT promoter for CTCF which regulates the genomic methylation and chromatin looping. CTCF depletion by a pool of specific siRNA and shRNAs led to a significant attenuation of MGMT expression in human GBM cell lines. Computational analysis of the ChIP sequence data in ENCODE showed the presence of NRF1 in the MGMT promoter and this occurred only in MGMT-proficient cell lines. Further, an enforced NRF2 expression markedly augmented the MGMT mRNA and protein levels in glioma cells. Conclusions: We provide the first evidence for several new regulatory components in the MGMT gene locus which predict complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional controls with potential for new therapeutic avenues.
Development of Novel Inhibitors Targeting the D-Box of the DNA Binding Domain of Androgen Receptor
Authors: Radaeva Mariia , Ban Fuqiang , Zhang Fan , LeBlanc Eric , Lallous Nada , Rennie Paul S. , Gleave Martin E. , Cherkasov Artem
Published: March 2021

The inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) is an established strategy in prostate cancer (PCa) treatment until drug resistance develops either through mutations in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) portion of the receptor or its deletion. We previously identified a druggable pocket on the DNA binding domain (DBD) dimerization surface of the AR and reported several potent inhibitors that effectively disrupted DBD-DBD interactions and consequently demonstrated certain antineoplastic activity. Here we describe further development of small molecule inhibitors of AR DBD dimerization and provide their broad biological characterization. The developed compounds demonstrate improved activity in the mammalian two-hybrid assay, enhanced inhibition of AR-V7 transcriptional activity, and improved microsomal stability. These findings position us for the development of AR inhibitors with entirely novel mechanisms of action that would bypass most forms of PCa treatment resistance, including the truncation of the LBD of the AR.
Midterm Survivorship of an Uncemented Hydroxyapatite-Coated Titanium Femoral Component and Clinically Meaningful Outcomes in Patients Older Than 75 Years
Authors: Zimmerer Alexander , Navas Luis , Kinkel Stefan , Weiss Stefan , Hauschild Matthias , Streit Marcus
Published: March 2021

Purpose: It remains controversial whether cementless femoral components are safe in elderly patients. The aim of this study was (1) to determine the stem survival rate in patients >75 years of age who were treated with an uncemented femoral component and (2) to report clinically significant results on a mid-term follow-up. Methods: 107 total hip arthroplasties (THA) were retrospectively evaluated in 97 patients over 75 years of age (mean age 78 years, range 75–87) treated with an uncemented femoral stem. The minimum follow-up was five years (mean 6.4 years, range 5–8). Stem survival rates, clinically meaningful outcomes, and incidence of complications were evaluated. Results: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, with the endpoint revision for any reason, showed a 6.4-year survival rate of 98% (95% CI, 95–99%; 63 hips at risk). The survival rates were comparable for male and female patients (log-rank test, p = 0.58). The modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) improved from 42.2 (12 to 85) points to 81.1 (22 to 97) points (p < 0.0001). Mid-term minimal clinically important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) were 25, 84, and 70, respectively. Conclusion: An uncemented stem is a viable option in patients over 75 years with good clinical outcomes and survivorship. Periprosthetic fractures were not a relevant failure mechanism with the stem used.
Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol over Multiple Recycling Processes
Authors: Vidakis Nectarios , Petousis Markos , Tzounis Lazaros , Grammatikos Sotirios A. , Porfyrakis Emmanouil , Maniadi Athena , Mountakis Nikolaos
Published: March 2021

The continuous demand for thermoplastic polymers in a great variety of applications, combined with an urgent need to minimize the quantity of waste for a balanced energy-from-waste strategy, has led to increasing scientific interest in developing new recycling processes for plastic products. Glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) is known to have some enhanced properties as compared to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) homopolymer; this has recently attracted the interest from the fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing community. PET has shown a reduced ability for repeated recycling through traditional processes. Herein, we demonstrate the potential for using recycled PETG in consecutive 3D printing manufacturing processes. Distributed recycling additive manufacturing (DRAM)-oriented equipment was chosen in order to test the mechanical and thermal response of PETG material in continuous recycling processes. Tensile, flexure, impact strength, and Vickers micro-hardness tests were carried out for six (6) cycles of recycling. Finally, Raman spectroscopy as well as thermal and morphological analyses via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography were carried out. In general, the results revealed a minor knockdown effect on the mechanical properties as well as the thermal properties of PETG following the process proposed herein, even after six rounds of recycling.
Fetal Growth Acceleration—Current Approach to the Big Baby Issue
Authors: Modzelewski Jan , Kajdy Anna , Muzyka-Placzyńska Katarzyna , Sys Dorota , Rabijewski Michał
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives: Fetal overgrowth is related to many perinatal complications, including stillbirth, cesarean section, maternal and neonatal injuries, and shoulder dystocia. It is related to maternal diabetes, obesity, and gestational weight gain but also happens in low-risk pregnancies. There is ongoing discussion regarding definitions, methods of detection, and classification. The method used for detection is crucial as it draws a line between those at risk and low-risk popula-tions. Materials and Methods: For this narrative review, relevant evidence was identified through PubMed search with one of the general terms (macrosomia, large-for-gestational-age) combined with the outcome of interest. Results: This review summarizes evidence on the relation of fetal overgrowth with stillbirth, cesarean sections, shoulder dystocia, anal sphincter injury, and hem-orrhage. Customized growth charts help to detect mothers and fetuses at risk of those complica-tions. Relations between fetal overgrowth and diabetes, maternal weight, and gestational weight gain were investigated. Conclusions: a substantial proportion of complications are an effect of the fetus growing above its potential and should be recognized as a new dangerous condition of Fetal Growth Acceleration.
miRCOVID-19: Potential Targets of Human miRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 for RNA-Based Drug Discovery
Authors: Alam Tanvir , Lipovich Leonard
Published: March 2021

Sense-antisense interactions of long and short RNAs in human cells are integral to post-transcriptional gene regulation, in particular that of mRNAs by microRNAs. Many viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 (the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19), have RNA genomes, and interactions between host and viral RNAs, while known to be functional in other viral diseases, have not yet been investigated in COVID-19. To remedy this gap in knowledge, we present miRCOVID-19, a computational meta-analysis framework identifying the predicted binding sites of human microRNAs along the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. To highlight the potential relevance of SARS-CoV-2-genome-complementary miRNAs to COVID-19 pathogenesis, we assessed their expression in COVID-19-relevant tissues using public transcriptome data. miRCOVID-19 identified 14 high-confidence mature miRNAs that are highly likely to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 genome and are expressed in diverse respiratory epithelial and immune cell types that are relevant to COVID-19 pathogenesis. As a proof of principle, we have shown that human miR-122, a previously known co-factor of another RNA virus, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) whose genome it binds as a prerequisite for pathogenesis, was predicted to also bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome with high affinity, suggesting the perspective of repurposing anti-HCV RNA-based drugs, such as Miravirsen, to treat COVID-19. Our study is the first to identify all high-confidence binding sites of human miRNAs in the SARS-CoV-2 genome using multiple tools. Our work directly facilitates experimental validation of the reported targets, which would accelerate RNA-based drug discovery for COVID-19 and has the potential to provide new avenues for treating symptomatic COVID-19, and block SARS-CoV-2 replication, in humans.
The Brilliance of Borrelia: Mechanisms of Host Immune Evasion by Lyme Disease-Causing Spirochetes
Authors: Anderson Cassidy , Brissette Catherine A.
Published: March 2021

Lyme disease (LD) has become the most common vector-borne illness in the northern hemisphere. The causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is capable of establishing a persistent infection within the host. This is despite the activation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. B. burgdorferi utilizes several immune evasion tactics ranging from the regulation of surface proteins, tick saliva, antimicrobial peptide resistance, and the disabling of the germinal center. This review aims to cover the various methods by which B. burgdorferi evades detection and destruction by the host immune response, examining both the innate and adaptive responses. By understanding the methods employed by B. burgdorferi to evade the host immune response, we gain a deeper knowledge of B. burgdorferi pathogenesis and Lyme disease, and gain insight into how to create novel, effective treatments.
The Subjective Experience of Using Medications: What We Know and the Paths Forward
Authors: de Almeida Nascimento Yone , Ramalho-de-Oliveira Djenane
Published: March 2021

Medications can cause bodily changes, where the associated benefits and risks are carefully assessed based on the changes experienced in the phenomenal body. For this reason, the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty is an important theoretical framework for the study of experience related to the daily use of medications. The aim of this study was to discuss the contribution of a recently developed framework of the general ways people can experience the daily use of medications—resolution, adversity, ambiguity, and irrelevance—and present reflections about the little-understood aspects of this experience. However, some issues raised throughout this article remain open and invite us to further exploration, such as (1) the coexistence of multiple ways of experiencing the use of medications, by the same individual, in a given historical time; (2) the cyclical structure of this experience; (3) the impact of habit and routine on the ways of experiencing the daily use of medications; and (4) the contribution of the concept of existential feelings to this experience and its impact on patients’ decision-making. Therefore, the experience with the daily use of medications is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that directs the decision-making process of patients, impacting health outcomes.
Metagenome Techniques for Detection of Pathogens Causing Ocular Infection
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuhiko , Suzuki Takashi , Okajima Yukinobu , Aoki Kotaro , Ishii Yoshikazu , Tateda Kazuhiro , Hori Yuichi
Published: March 2021

Metagenomic analysis is the comprehensive study of DNA using clinical specimens of organisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of metagenomic analysis for diagnosing ocular infections, including 11 keratitis cases, four iridocyclitis cases, and one endophthalmitis case. Corneal scraping, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor, were collected respectively. Ocular specimens were used for bacterial and fungal culture, and PCR for detecting viral DNA. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing for 150 bases of single end was performed by Illumina MiSeq® System. Sequence was retrieved from the database at NCBI using a MegaBLAST search. Since Propionibacterium spp. are commensal bacteria found at the ocular surface, they were excluded from analysis. Six cases (37.5%) were positive for culture or PCR. Metagenome techniques revealed that 9 cases (56.3%) included genomes of organisms that were considered pathogenic in specimens. Five cases (31.3%) possessed genomes of organisms like themselves that were detected by culture and PCR. Six cases (37.5%) were negative for culture, PCR, and metagenome analysis. Moreover, viral pathogens (HSV-1, 2 cases; and VZV, 1 case) were detected by only metagenome analysis. Metagenome analysis using an ocular sample can detect microbial genome comprehensively, and viral pathogens, which were not detected by conventional examination.
Noise-Resilient Acoustic Low Energy Beacon for Proximity-Based Indoor Positioning Systems
Authors: Aguilera Teodoro , Aranda Fernando J. , Parralejo Felipe , Gutiérrez Juan D. , Moreno José A. , Álvarez Fernando J.
Published: March 2021

Proximity-Based Indoor Positioning Systems (PIPSs) are a simple to install alternative in large facilities. Besides, these systems have a reduced computational cost on the mobile device of those users who do not continuously demand a high location accuracy. This work presents the design of an Acoustic Low Energy (ALE) beacon based on the emission of inaudible Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) signals. This coding scheme provides high robustness to in-band noise, thus ensuring a reliable detection of the beacon at a practical range, after pulse compression. A series of experimental tests have been carried out with nine different Android devices to study the system performance. These tests have shown that the ALE beacon can be detected at one meter distance with signal-to-noise ratios as low as −12 dB. The tests have also demonstrated a detection rate above 80% for reception angles up to 50° with respect to the beacon’s acoustic axis at the same distance. Finally, a study of the ALE beacon energy consumption has been conducted demonstrating comparable power consumption to commercial Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons. Besides, the ALE beacon search can save up to 9% more battery of the Android devices than the BLE beacon scanning.
Smartphone-Based Prediction Model for Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Outcomes Using Preoperative Gait and Posture Measures
Authors: Soangra Rahul , Lockhart Thurmon
Published: March 2021

Gait speed assessment increases the predictive value of mortality and morbidity following older adults’ cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to improve clinical assessment and prediction of mortality and morbidity among older patients undergoing cardiac surgery through the identification of the relationships between preoperative gait and postural stability characteristics utilizing a noninvasive-wearable mobile phone device and postoperative cardiac surgical outcomes. This research was a prospective study of ambulatory patients aged over 70 years undergoing non-emergent cardiac surgery. Sixteen older adults with cardiovascular disease (Age 76.1 ± 3.6 years) scheduled for cardiac surgery within the next 24 h were recruited for this study. As per the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) recommendation guidelines, eight of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients were classified as frail (prone to adverse outcomes with gait speed ≤0.833 m/s) and the remaining eight patients as non-frail (gait speed >0.833 m/s). Treating physicians and patients were blinded to gait and posture assessment results not to influence the decision to proceed with surgery or postoperative management. Follow-ups regarding patient outcomes were continued until patients were discharged or transferred from the hospital, at which time data regarding outcomes were extracted from the records. In the preoperative setting, patients performed the 5-m walk and stand still for 30 s in the clinic while wearing a mobile phone with a customized app “Lockhart Monitor” available at iOS App Store. Systematic evaluations of different gait and posture measures identified a subset of smartphone measures most sensitive to differences in two groups (frail versus non-frail) with adverse postoperative outcomes (morbidity/mortality). A regression model based on these smartphone measures tested positive on five CVD patients. Thus, clinical settings can readily utilize mobile technology, and the proposed regression model can predict adverse postoperative outcomes such as morbidity or mortality events.
Automatic Subsidence Troughs Detection in SAR Interferograms Using Circlet Transform
Authors: Bała Justyna , Dwornik Maciej , Franczyk Anna
Published: March 2021

This article presents the results of automatic detection of subsidence troughs in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferograms. The detection of subsidence troughs is based on the circlet transform, which is able to detect features with circular shapes. Compared to other methods of detecting circles, the circular transform takes into account the finite data frequency. Moreover, the search shape is not limited to a circle but identified on the basis of a certain width. This is especially important in the case of detection of subsidence troughs whose shapes may not be similar to circles or ellipses but to their fragments. The transformation works directly on the image gradient; it does not require further binary segmentation or edge detection as in the case of other methods, e.g., the Hough transform. The entire processing process can be automated to save time and increase reliability compared to traditional methods. The proposed automatic detection method was tested on a differential interferogram that was generated based on Sentinel-1A SAR images of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin area. The test carried out showed that the proposed method is 20% more effective in detecting troughs that than the method using Hough transform.
Antimicrobial Activity of Cationic Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanoparticles Coupled with Dual Fluorescent and Electrochemical Sensing: Theragnostic Prospect
Authors: Elgiddawy Nada , Ren Shiwei , Ghattas Wadih , Rouby Waleed M. A. El , El-Gendy Ahmed O. , Farghali Ahmed A. , Yassar Abderrahim , Korri-Youssoufi Hafsa
Published: March 2021

Designing therapeutic and sensor materials to diagnose and eliminate bacterial infections remains a significant challenge for active theragnostic nanoprobes. In the present work, fluorescent/electroactive poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized with quaternary ammonium salts using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), (CTAB-P3HT NPs) were prepared using a simple mini-emulsion method. The morphology, spectroscopic properties and electronic properties of CTAB-P3HT NPs were characterized by DLS, zeta potential, SEM, TEM, UV-vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In an aqueous solution, CTAB-P3HT NPs were revealed to be uniformly sized, highly fluorescent and present a highly positively charged NP surface with good electroactivity. Dual detection was demonstrated as the binding of the bacteria to NPs could be observed by fluorescence quenching as well as by the changes in EIS. Binding of E. coli to CTAB-P3HT NPs was demonstrated and LODs of 5 CFU/mL and 250 CFU/mL were obtained by relying on the fluorescence spectroscopy and EIS, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of CTAB-P3HT NPs on bacteria and fungi was also studied under dark and nutritive conditions. An MIC and an MBC of 2.5 µg/mL were obtained with E. coli and with S. aureus, and of 0.312 µg/mL with C. albicans. Additionally a good biocompatibility toward normal human cells (WI38) was observed, which opens the way to their possible use as a therapeutic agent.
Monitoring of Dynamic Plantar Foot Temperatures in Diabetes with Personalised 3D-Printed Wearables
Authors: Beach Christopher , Cooper Glen , Weightman Andrew , Hodson-Tole Emma F. , Reeves Neil D. , Casson Alexander J.
Published: March 2021

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a life-changing complication of diabetes that can lead to amputation. There is increasing evidence that long-term management with wearables can reduce incidence and recurrence of this condition. Temperature asymmetry measurements can alert to DFU development, but measurements of dynamic information, such as rate of temperature change, are under investigated. We present a new wearable device for temperature monitoring at the foot that is personalised to account for anatomical variations at the foot. We validate this device on 13 participants with diabetes (no neuropathy) (group name D) and 12 control participants (group name C), during sitting and standing. We extract dynamic temperature parameters from four sites on each foot to compare the rate of temperature change. During sitting the time constant of temperature rise after shoe donning was significantly (p < 0.05) faster at the hallux (p = 0.032, 370.4 s (C), 279.1 s (D)) and 5th metatarsal head (p = 0.011, 481.9 s (C), 356.6 s (D)) in participants with diabetes compared to controls. No significant differences at the other sites or during standing were identified. These results suggest that temperature rise time is faster at parts of the foot in those who have developed diabetes. Elevated temperatures are known to be a risk factor of DFUs and measurement of time constants may provide information on their development. This work suggests that temperature rise time measured at the plantar surface may be an indicative biomarker for differences in soft tissue biomechanics and vascularisation during diabetes onset and progression.
Segmentation of Microscope Erythrocyte Images by CNN-Enhanced Algorithms
Authors: Buczkowski Mateusz , Szymkowski Piotr , Saeed Khalid
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an algorithm for segmentation and shape analysis of erythrocyte images collected using an optical microscope. The main objective of the proposed approach is to compute statistical object values such as the number of erythrocytes in the image, their size, and width to height ratio. A median filter, a mean filter and a bilateral filter were used for initial noise reduction. Background subtraction using a rolling ball filter removes background irregularities. Combining the distance transform with the Otsu and watershed segmentation methods allows for initial image segmentation. Further processing steps, including morphological transforms and the previously mentioned segmentation methods, were applied to each segmented cell, resulting in an accurate segmentation. Finally, the noise standard deviation, sensitivity, specificity, precision, negative predictive value, accuracy and the number of detected objects are calculated. The presented approach shows that the second stage of the two-stage segmentation algorithm applied to individual cells segmented in the first stage allows increasing the precision from 0.857 to 0.968 for the artificial image example tested in this paper. The next step of the algorithm is to categorize segmented erythrocytes to identify poorly segmented and abnormal ones, thus automating this process, previously often done manually by specialists. The presented segmentation technique is also applicable as a probability map processor in the deep learning pipeline. The presented two-stage processing introduces a promising fusion model presented by the authors for the first time.
No One Smiles at Me: The Double Displacement of Iranian Migrant Men as Refugees Who Use Drugs in Australia
Authors: Green Belinda A. , Latifi Yalda
Published: March 2021

Drawing on relevant sociological and feminist theories namely a social constructivist and intersectional framework, this article explores ways in which migrant Iranian men as ‘refugees’ ‘who use drugs’ navigate the complex terrain of ‘double displacement’ in the Australian contemporary context. It presents findings from a series of community based participatory and culturally responsive focus groups and in-depth interviews of twenty-seven participants in Sydney, Australia. Results highlight the ways in which social categories of gender, language, class, ethnicity, race, migration status and their relationship to intersubjective hierarchies and exclusion in Australia circumnavigate and intervene with participants’ alcohol and other drugs’ (AOD) use and related harms. The article argues that there is a need to pay greater attention to the implications of masculinities, power relations and the resultant material, social and affective emotional impacts of displacement for refugee men within Australian health care responses.
INTERNET NEWS MEMES WITH POLITICAL OVERTONES IN THE PERCEPTION OF YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University., Gorbatov D. S. , Gurushkin P. Yu.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the empirical research described in the article was to study the range of judgments that characterize the social perception of the student youth of Internet news memes with political overtones. The research method was a focus group interview using the Microsoft Teams platform. The four groups included 28 undergraduate students of higher educational institutions of St. Petersburg. The results of the study characterize the attitude of students to attempts to impose political overtones on Internet news memes, reflect their opinions about the mistakes made by the authors, contain arguments about the reasons for the anonymity of the authors of memes, describe the range of views on the problem of the responsibility of the authors of memes for violations of laws. In addition, students ' perceptions about changes in Internet memes, in particular, news memes, in the future were revealed.
Recent Advances in Molybdenum-Based Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Dai Henghan , Wang Lumin , Zhao Yue , Xue Jialu , Zhou Ruicong , Yu Chenyang , An Jianing , Zhou Jinyuan , Chen Qiang , Sun Gengzhi , Huang Wei
Published: March 2021

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries as power supply systems possessing a theoretical energy density of as high as 2600 Wh kg
−1
are considered promising alternatives toward the currently used lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the insulation characteristic and huge volume change of sulfur, the generation of dissolvable lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) during charge/discharge, and the uncontrollable dendrite formation of Li metal anodes render Li-S batteries serious cycling issues with rapid capacity decay. To address these challenges, extensive efforts are devoted to designing cathode/anode hosts and/or modifying separators by incorporating functional materials with the features of improved conductivity, lithiophilic, physical/chemical capture ability toward LiPSs, and/or efficient catalytic conversion of LiPSs. Among all candidates, molybdenum-based (Mo-based) materials are highly preferred for their tunable crystal structure, adjustable composition, variable valence of Mo centers, and strong interactions with soluble LiPSs. Herein, the latest advances in design and application of Mo-based materials for Li-S batteries are comprehensively reviewed, covering molybdenum oxides, molybdenum dichalcogenides, molybdenum nitrides, molybdenum carbides, molybdenum phosphides, and molybdenum metal. In the end, the existing challenges in this research field are elaborately discussed.
INVESTIGAÇÃO METAGENÔMICA EM QUEIJOS TIPO COLONIAIS, PRODUZIDOS COM LEITE PASTEURIZADO E COMERCIALIZADOS NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL
Authors: Remor Ariane , Bello de Vasconcelos Tassia Cristina , Silva Belo Vinícius , Zanella Ricardo , Davi dos Santos Ezequiel , Lotar Dickel Elci
Published: March 2021

Leite e derivados são alimentos muito susceptíveis a ataques de micro-organismos. Sua fiscalização no Brasil está a cargo das Inspeções Municipais, Estaduais ou Federais, sendo a verificação da qualidade higiênico-sanitária dos alimentos uma atividade de extrema importância. Este estudo utilizou a análise metagenômica para investigar sequencias genéticas microbianas em 12 marcas de queijo tipo colonial produzidos sob diferentes regimes de fiscalização pública, e comercializados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul em dois municípios distintos. Foi identificado DNA de micro-organismos pertencentes a quatro filos microbianos: Acinetobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes e Proteobacteria. Dentre os resultados mais relevantes, sequências genéticas de micro-organismos patogênicos ou prejudiciais à tecnologia do leite foram evidenciados, com os gêneros Acinetobacter, Bacillus e Pseudomonas ocorrrendo em 100% das amostras avaliadas. Outras bactérias de importância em Saúde pública, como as pertencentes à Família Enterobacteriaceae e o gênero Staphylococcus foram detectados e são discutidos. À comparação das medianas de detecção nos 3 níveis de fiscalização, quando da avaliação por pares, evidenciou-se diferença estatística entre as esferas municipal e federal (PT= 0,03), com maior mediana registrada em nível municipal. À avaliação entre os municípios, não foi evidenciada diferença significativa (PMW= 0,81). Sugere-se melhor qualidade microbiológica do queijo, e/ou leite utilizado como matéria-prima, pertencentes à produção submetida à Inspeção Federal em relação à Municipal.
The Linguistic Features in Egyptian-Authored English Research Article Literature Reviews in Linguistics
Authors: Rabie Hend , Boraie Deena
Published: March 2021

The current study aims at investigating and comparing the linguistic features of lexical items, tense usage, and voice choice in a sample of ten Egyptian-authored linguistics research article (RA) literature reviews (LRs) in local and international English-medium journals between 2013 and 2019. The paper followed a combination of genre-based and corpus-driven approaches, analyzing the data qualitatively and quantitatively. It adopted the state-of-the-art #LancsBox. The analysis revealed interesting differences between both sub-corpora in the use of lexis, especially in Moves 2 and 3. It was found that lexis varied to reflect the different rhetorical functions of the LR. They also differed in the use of the past simple tense. However, both sub-corpora agreed on using the present simple tense and active voice the most. This paper contributes to the literature by providing a helpful guide for Egyptian and novice researchers to use the linguistic features more appropriately in their LRs. It has pedagogical implications for designing EAP and ESP courses. Further studies on larger corpora are needed to analyze the linguistic features and highlight variations across genres, disciplines, and languages.
A review: life cycle assessment of cotton textiles
Authors: CHEN FANGLI , JI XIANG , CHU JIANG , XU PINGHUA , WANG LAILI
Published: March 2021

A significant amount of research has been published on the environmental impact assessment of cotton textiles using
the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. This review summarized and analysed the findings of these publications, and
presented valuable insights for identifying the hotspots that have considerable potential for reducing the environmental
burden of cotton textiles. The relevant papers were selected according to two criteria: life cycle assessment of cotton
textiles or footprint of cotton textiles. Subsequently, key features were screened and critically analysed: functional unit,
system boundary, data sources and geographic location, and impact assessment methods and impact categories. We
found that there is an emerging market demand to transform conventional cotton to organic cotton. From the global
perspective, a spatially explicit LCA of cotton textiles should be conducted. In addition, a comprehensive and holistic life
cycle impact assessment containing more impact categories that are appropriate to cotton textiles is required. LCA is a
well-justified approach among practitioners and researchers and has been widely applied to the topic of cotton textiles.
This methodology should be studied and developed further to more precisely evaluate the environmental impacts of
cotton textiles.
Pour une typologisation des néologismes en ladin
Authors: Dell’Aquila Vittorio , Giovannini Michela , Scetti Fabio
Published: March 2021

Cette contribution s’appuie sur un projet de recherche en lexicographie et fournit un aperçu des problèmes de définition d’un néologisme en ladin des Dolomites dans un contexte particulier de contact de langues, dans l’Italie du Nord. Dans la région autonome du Trentin-Haut-Adige, les problèmes linguistiques ont été, au fil de l’histoire, d’un intérêt majeur. De ce fait, les politiques régissant les langues ont fonctionné dans un cadre lié au maintien et à la défense du ladin dans cinq vallées au sein des départements de Bolzano, Trente et Belluno. Le ladin vit dans ce panorama linguistique entre deux langues dominantes : l’italien et l’allemand. Cette contribution a pour but de mettre en relation les néologismes du ladin avec l’origine des emprunts sur lesquels les nouveaux mots sont créés à travers une typologisation des néologismes.
Comprendre les concepts économiques par le biais des métaphores
Authors: Romoth Heike
Published: March 2021

Dans ce travail consacré aux métaphores de l’allemand, nous étudions l’apport de ces procédés cognitifs en vue de la compréhension des concepts de l’économie politique. La similitude mise en lumière par la métaphore peut opérer de différentes manières : elle peut être établie entre concepts, entre le tout et une de ses parties, mais aussi entre des exemplaires d’une même catégorie. Au cours du processus de compréhension, le savoir sur l’entité du domaine source, notamment l’expérience en rapport avec des objets ou des procès familiers, est rendu disponible afin de faciliter la compréhension de concepts abstraits. En choisissant le frame comme format de représentation du savoir sur les entités du domaine source et du domaine cible de la métaphore, il nous est possible de décrire de manière détaillée les éléments épistémiques qu’elle active en vue d’une construction du sens. Nous pouvons alors observer que le savoir activé aide les allocutaires non-spécialistes dans leur construction du sens sans toutefois leur permettre de constituer ou de compléter leur savoir dans le but d’une acquisition de connaissances dans le domaine cible - celui de l’économie politique - s’approchant, au moins pour certains aspects du concept en question, de celles des experts.
De l’éducation uniculturelle à l’Éducation interculturelle bilingue
Authors: Sinardet Emmanuelle
Published: March 2021

L’Éducation interculturelle bilingue (EIB) est récente en Équateur. On peut la situer dans les années 1980. Pourquoi cette reconnaissance tardive ? Nous proposons une perspective historique mettant en évidence le prolongement et les reformulations, depuis 1830, d’une représentation uniculturelle de l’équatorianité, l’identité nationale. C’est là, en effet, une cause profonde qui explique non seulement l’essor tardif de l’EIB, mais certains obstacles que celle-ci rencontre au xxie siècle, aujourd’hui encore. Le poids institutionnel et culturel du modèle éducatif uninational rend compte de représentations solidement ancrées dans l’inconscient collectif.
L’unité éducative Amauta Ñanpi (Puyo, Amazonie équatorienne)
Authors: Dichy-Malherme Sarah
Published: March 2021

L’histoire de l’établissement semi-public (fiscomisional) Amauta Ñanpi de Puyo est intimement liée à celle de l’institutionnalisation de l’éducation interculturelle bilingue (EIB) en Équateur. Créée en 1991, elle naît de la mobilisation de fonctionnaires kichwa de la direction provinciale d’Éducation interculturelle bilingue pour donner à leurs enfants une éducation qui leur soit « propre », dans leur langue maternelle. Ils sont alors soutenus par la mission locale, sur le terrain de laquelle l’unité éducative se situe encore aujourd’hui. Sous le gouvernement de Rafael Correa (2007-2017), alors que l’EIB est réintégrée au système éducatif national et que les organisations indigènes perdent le pouvoir de regard dont elles disposaient jusqu’alors, la communauté éducative Amauta Ñanpi cherche à acquérir le statut d’unité éducative publique (fiscal), en même temps qu’elle revendique sa contribution à l’intérêt général au sein d’une nation qui se prétend désormais « interculturelle » et « plurinationale ». Le présent article prétend reconstituer la trajectoire de cette institution emblématique entre 1991 et 2017, ainsi que sa contribution à l’élaboration d’un référent identitaire alternatif, non seulement pour les indigènes mais pour tous ceux qui participent à la consolidation de l’EIB en Équateur.
« Pour vous, il n’est pas Dimon. »
Authors: Biktchourina Angelina , Kazakevich Alexander
Published: March 2021

Nous nous intéressons à la norme régissant l’emploi actuel des pronoms et noms d’adresse dans les médias russes, notamment dans la situation d’interview. Le corpus étudié comprend la période allant de 1957 à 2019, ce qui nous permet de constater l’évolution de la norme suite aux changements politiques et sociaux en Russie. L’analyse des situations de communication médiatiques contemporaines démontre les tendances dans l’emploi d’une grande variété de termes d’adresse, par exemple, la généralisation du prénom complet ou hypocoristique et du prénom + patronyme contracté, l’usage asymétrique de ty / vy ou encore le recours à l’iloiement. Les résultats de notre analyse statistique seront confrontés à des attentes et à des représentations normatives d’un panel de 35 journalistes.
Les marqueurs de modalité dans les actes de langage directifs en russe
Authors: Gorshkova-Lamy Evgeniya , Ruchot Thierry
Published: March 2021

Dans cet article, nous allons essayer de montrer que, parmi les actes de langage dits indirects, certains ont une structure assez reconnaissable, et utilisent, de façon conventionnelle, des marqueurs de modalité, combinés avec des déterminations de tout type : intonation, sémantique du verbe, temps et aspect, négation, principes pragmatiques généraux. Nous nous concentrerons sur les marqueurs de possibilité мочь ‘pouvoir’, можно ‘on peut, il est possible’, может (быть) ‘peut-être’, en contraste avec d’autres moyens d’expression : impératif, futur, etc. Nous essaierons d’abord de délimiter des notions aussi importantes que la modalité et le mode, le type de phrases, et les actes de langage. Ensuite, nous examinerons en plus grand détail une sélection d’actes de langage directifs : demander et accorder une permission, demander un service, faire une proposition, donner un conseil, prévenir. Nous commenterons aussi brièvement les reproches, menaces, promesses and protestations. Dans notre travail, nous nous appuierons essentiellement sur des exemples de corpus tiré du Corpus national russe. Notre étude ne se situe pas dans un cadre théorique précis, mais est inspirée néanmoins par les grammaires de constructions.
Natural ice in the debris flow basins of the Middle and Southern Sakhalin
Authors:   S.V. Rybalchenko, K.V. Verkhovov
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the ice mounds formation processes in the mudflow basins. Small natural frosts are widespread on the territory of Middle and Southern Sakhalin within the slope and small valley debris flow basins, along with dangerous slope exogenous processes (debris flows, landslides, erosion, etc.), often having a paragenetic nature of the current. The mechanism of ice data formation is due to the hydro/meteorological features of the territory, as well as disturbance of the thermal, hydrological or hydrogeological regime of the debris flow basin.
The main reason for the formation of natural ice mounds in the valley debris flow basins is
disturbance of the hydrological regime of the catchment basin during debris flow formation,
which mainly contributes to the annual solid runoff of first order watercourses. Scum of slope
debris flow basins are formed in case of violation of the thermal regime of the surface and soil
of the debris flow basin due to climatic anomalies, as well as damage to natural heat-insulating
coverings: snow and soil-vegetable. It is also possible to form sloping ice as a result of a violation
of the hydrogeological regime of the catchment basin under anthropogenic impact or the
development of dangerous exogenous slope processes with a sufficient depth of rock capture.
Cryogenic processes of ice formation affect debris flow and channel processes.
On the issue of representation of water/Economic journals in scientific citation bases
Authors:   N. A. Valek
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of the water/economic journals bibliometric data in leading bases of scientific citation (Russian Index of Scientific Citation (RISC), Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus). We have analyzed the outcomes of the Clarivate Analytics – «Research Fronts 2020» and «Research Fronts 2020: active fields, leading countries» reports and based on them we have found out top issues of researches in the area of water/economic activities and leading countries involved in their development.
According to editions rating in RISC, Web of Science, Scopus we have accessed scientific potential of Russian journals dealing with water/economic themes and have identified their place in the world rating. We have emphasized the problem of small quantity of the appropriated national editions in the world information researches’ flow. The undertaken research was targeted to studying of contemporary trends of the world water science and the practice of their reflection in scientific literature. We have propose some ways of enhancing the world-wide significance of the Russian relevant editions.
ANALISIS BAHAYA DAN RESIKO PADA UNIT PELAKSANA UJI BERKALA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR
Authors: Budiharjo Anton , Iqbal M , Maulyda Mohammad Archi
Published: March 2021

Pendahuluan : Unit Pelaksana Uji Berkala Kendaraan Bermotor (UPUBKB) Kabupaten Kebumen merupakan salah satu unit pelayanan publik yang setiap harinya melayani uji berkala kendaraan bermotor (keur) sehingga terdapat potensi bahaya dan resiko kecelakaan kerja yang mengintai setiap harinya.Tujuan : Penelitian ini secara khusus membahas bahaya dan resiko di dalam proses pengujian berkala kendaraan bermotor.Metode : Metode Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) dipakai dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui serta mengidentifikasi bahaya serta resiko pada pelaksanaan uji berkala pada UPBKB Kabupaten Kebumen, sehingga dapat diberikan rekomendasi usulan pengendalian dan mitigasi dampak guna meminimalisir kecelakaan kerja berdasarkan jenis dan kategori resikonya.Hasil : Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah resiko pada pengujian kolong bawah kendaraan berada pada level tinggi dengan temuan bahaya berupa terbentur bagian kepala dengan bagian bawah kendaraan, terkena tetesan oli dan cairan panas dari bagian bawah kendaraan, paparan radiasi panas dari bagian mesin kendaraan. Resikonya luka pada kepala, iritasi pada mata dan kulit serta paparan radiasi panas ke tubuh.Kesimpulan : Kesimpulannya terdapat potensi bahaya dan resiko pada UPUBKB Kabupaten Kebumen yaitu pada pengujian kolong kendaraan mendapatkan risk level tinggi sehingga perlu adanya identifikasi dan mitigasi dampak guna mengeliminasi bahaya dan resiko tersebut.
Diagnosing Diabetes with Extended Binary Cuckoo Search and k-Nearest Neighbor Classifier
Authors: Shnain Shaymaa Abdul Hussein , Nabat Zahraa Modher , Salih May A. , Al Khafaji Baydaa Jaffer
Published: March 2021

Diabetes is a common disease that develops at different ages. Sometimes the body of an individual who has diabetes either doesn’t need insulin or is resistant against insulin. Today, medical scientists and doctors face large amount of data. Since disease diagnosis is not simple work, in order to make a suitable decision, the doctor should investigate the patients’ tests’ results and the decisions that have been made for patients with the same status before. Using data-mining methods can help the early diagnosis of diabetes, which helps prevent this disease and a lot of its complications, such as cardiovascular disease, vision problems and nephrogenic disease. In this approach, k-nearest neighbor classification is used for classification and extended binary cuckoo search uses UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository UCI learning storage to select the diagnosis features of diabetes disease in a dataset of diabetes diseases. For classifying diabetes diseases, the research provides a system of diagnosis by utilizing the binary cuckoo search-optimized rough collections-based reduction of features and the classifier of k-nearest neighbor.
Image Spam Detection Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Yaseen Yaseen Khather , Abbas Alaa Khudhair , Sana Ahmed M.
Published: March 2021

Today, images are a part of communication between people. However, images are being used to share information by hiding and embedding messages within it, and images that are received through social media or emails can contain harmful content that users are not able to see and therefore not aware of. This paper presents a model for detecting spam on images. The model is a combination of optical character recognition, natural language processing, and the machine learning algorithm. Optical character recognition extracts the text from images, and natural language processing uses linguistics capabilities to detect and classify the language, to distinguish between normal text and slang language. The features for selected images are then extracted using the bag-of-words model, and the machine learning algorithm is run to detect any kind of spam that may be on it. Finally, the model can predict whether or not the image contains any harmful content. The results show that the proposed method using a combination of the machine learning algorithm, optical character recognition, and natural language processing provides high detection accuracy compared to using machine learning alone.