bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hsa_circ_0061179 inhibits DNA damage in ovarian cancer cells via miR-143-3p/TIMELESS
Authors: Wu Yuhong , Zhang Yuhong , Shi Xiu , Zhou Jinhua , Shen Fangrong , Chen Youguo , Wang Juan
Published: August 2022

Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the most common and deadly solid malignancies in women. Despite many advances in OC research, the incidence of OC continues to rise, and its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Herein, we elucidated the function of hsa_circ_0061179 in OC. The levels of hsa_circ_0061179, miR-143-3p, TIMELESS, and DNA damage repair-related proteins in OC or normal ovarian tissues and cells were measured using RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. The biological effects of hsa_circ_0061179 and miR-143-3p on proliferation, clone formation, DNA damage, and apoptosis of OC cells were detected by the cell counting kit-8 assay, 5-methylethyl-2’-deoxyuridine, flow cytometry, the comet assay, and immunofluorescence staining combined with the confocal microscopy. The interaction among hsa_circ_0061179, miR-143-3p, and TIMELESS was validated by the luciferase reporter assay. Mice tumor xenograft models were used to evaluate the influence of hsa_circ_0061179 on OC growth in vivo. We found that human OC biospecimens expressed higher levels of hsa_circ_0061179 and lower levels of miR-143-3p. Hsa_circ_0061179 was found to bind with miR-143-3p, which directly targets TIMELESS. Hsa_circ_0061179 knockdown or miR-143-3p overexpression suppressed the proliferation and clone formation of OC cells and increased DNA damage and apoptosis of OC cells via the miR-143-3p/TIMELESS axis. Taken together, hsa_circ_0061179 knockdown inhibited OC growth in vivo. Our findings suggest that hsa_circ_0061179 acts as the sponge of miR-143-3p to activate TIMELESS signaling and inhibits DNA damage and apoptosis in OC cells.
Radiation-Induced Xerostomia and Cariogenic Dietary Habits
Authors: Kawashima Miho , Kawabata Takanori , Ando Chikako , Sakuma Megumi , Aoyama Takashi , Ogawa Hirofumi , Yokota Tomoya , Onozawa Yusuke , Mukaigawa Takashi , Nishimura Tetsuo , Mori Keita , Yurikusa Takashi
Published: August 2022

PurposeDespite the availability of various prevention methods, dental caries continues to be an adverse effect of head and neck radiotherapy (RT). Since conventional approaches do not evaluate the post-treatment alterations in dietary behavior, we assessed the influence of radiation-induced xerostomia on post-RT cariogenic dietary habits.MethodsFifty-seven patients responded to the xerostomia questionnaire (XQ) and answered questions regarding daily cariogenic food and beverage (CFB) intake, daily teeth brushing, fluoride application, and subjective total taste acuity (STTA). They also underwent evaluations for the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Saxon test, number of decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT), and the proportion of DMFT to the test teeth (DMFT rate). Clinical records were searched for information regarding RT modalities, including the median of the mean dose to the parotid glands, post-RT duration, submandibular gland resection, whole-neck irradiation, and the DMFT value and rate before RT. The patients were divided into low- and high-XQ groups based on the median XQ summary score of 47.5 for the two sample tests. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were used to identify independent factors for CFB intake.ResultsHigher XQ scores were associated with a significantly greater frequency of CFB intake (P=0.020). Regression analysis also identified higher XQ scores (P=0.017) as an independent risk factor for frequent CFB intake.ConclusionRadiation-induced xerostomia enhanced CFB intake for oral comfort. Therefore, radiation caries management should target xerostomia-induced dietary habits in addition to oral hygiene and fluoride application.
Reinforcing Green Organizational Culture to Sustain Green Human Capital: Innovative Way for Agri-Inputs Industry
Authors: Tahir Rubab , Javed Muhammad Sabih
Published: August 2022

Organizations must go beyond technical fixes and adopt environmentally responsible beliefs, values, and norms to be sustainable and enforce green organizational culture. A framework with a holistic approach to comprehend the complex model is developed in this study. After a detailed review of existing literature, a model is drawn to understand the effects of green organizational culture on green employee behavior and green human capital. Its validity was examined by the quantitative method. Hypotheses were drawn from the framework and were tested for empirical evidence in the agri-inputs industry of Pakistan. The purposive sampling technique was used to draw the magnitude sample from which primary data was collected using a questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling was applied for hypothesis testing. Results show that green organizational culture is related to green employee behavior with mediating effects of internal environmental orientation, employee value orientation, and green psychological climate. Islamic work ethics has a positive effect on internal environmental orientation. Green human resource management influences green employee behavior. And green employee behavior positively affects green human capital through synergistic improvements. The findings reveal that eudaemonic well-being is achieved by employees from such a culture. It provides insights to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers of the agri-inputs companies and industry overall.
Effect of short-term exposure to high temperatures on reproductive behaviors and physiological enzyme activities in Zeugodacus tau
Authors: Li Mao , Wei Xiaoman , Li Juan , Wei Shiming , Zhang Jinlong , Chen Guohua , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: August 2022

Zeugodacus tau is an economically important invasive pest of various vegetables and fruits. The present study evaluated the effects of short-term (12 h) exposure to high temperatures on the reproductive behaviors and physiological enzyme activities of Z. tau insects. It was observed that the mating rate in the treatment group increased significantly at temperatures of 34 °C and 38 °C compared to the control. The highest mating rate of the control♀-treatment♂ mating was 60.00%, which occurred at 34 °C, while no mating occurred until 24 h, at 42 °C. Moreover, the short-term application of high temperatures reduced the pre-mating period and prolonged the duration of copulation. The treatment♀-treatment♂ mating had the shortest pre-mating period of 39.00 min and the longest copulation duration of 678.00 min at 38 °C. Mating after the short-term application of high temperature exerted adverse effects on the reproduction of females, while mating with males exposed at 34 °C and 38 °C significantly increased female fecundity. At 40 °C, the treatment♀-control♂ mating presented the lowest fecundity and hatching rate of 293.25 eggs and 25.71%, respectively. The control♀-treatment♂ presented the highest fecundity of 1016.75 eggs at 38 °C. Furthermore, the SOD, POD, and CAT activities exhibited significant changes (increase or decrease) after the short-term exposure of insects to high temperatures. The SOD activity changed the most at 38 °C, with the females and males exhibiting 3.64 times and 3.10 times the SOD activity, respectively, compared to control. The AchE, CarE, and GST activities first increased and then decreased with the increase in temperature. The CarE activity changed the most at 38 °C, with the females and males exhibiting 7.81 times and 1.69 times increased activities, respectively. In conclusion, mating strategy and physiological stress are important adaptive mechanisms of Z. tau under short-term heat stress, and the adaptation is sex-specificity.
Preoperative weight loss and postoperative short and long-term results in Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Verdaguer Mireia , Beisani Marc , López Óscar González , Vilallonga Ramón , de Gordejuela Amador García Ruiz , Jurado Maria José Gómez , Curell Anna , Carrasco Manel Armengol
Published: August 2022

IntroductionChange in lifestyle and diets is a part of the bariatric surgery process. Preoperative weight loss is still considered obligatory in some programs, but its benefits remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the preoperative weight loss on the postoperative results, in terms of long-term weight loss and perioperative morbidity.Methods.A retrospective review from the prospective collected database was performed. Patients operated for Roux-n-Y Gastric bypass (RYGB) or Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) as a primary procedure with at least 5 years of follow-up were analysed. Two group of patients were defined depending on if any preoperative weight loss was achieved or not. Patients with 5% or more weight loss were independently evaluated too. Weight loss up to 5 years, nadir weight loss and early postoperative morbidity were analysed.Results.419 Patients were included (225 RYGB and 194 SG), 324 (77.3%) were women, with a mean age of 45.85 years (ranging 15 to 69). 178 patients (42.5%) achieved any weight loss prior to surgery, and just 26 (13.4%) more than 5%. Preoperative weight loss did not correlate with less morbidity, leak o reoperation rate after SG. In the RYGB preoperative weight loss patients showed a trend to higher morbidity.In terms of weight loss, preoperative weight loss patients did not achieve better nadir BMI (27.99kg/m2 vs 28.55kg/m2, p=0.213) nor final BMI (31.56kg/m2 vs 32.04kg/m2, p=0.412). Those results were repeated when RYGB and SG patients were analysed independently. Univariate and multivariate analyses did not find that PWL had any relationship to nadir BMI, final BMI nor postoperative morbidity, leak or reoperation risk.Conclusions.Preoperative weight loss did not correlate to better postoperative results nor to better weight loss results in our series.
The gut microbiome and child mental health: a population-based study
Authors: Kraaij Robert , Schuurmans Isabel , Radjabzadeh Djawad , Tiemeier Henning , Dinan Timothy , Uitterlinden André , Hillegers Manon , Jaddoe Vincent , Duijts Liesbeth , Moll Henriette , Rivadeneira Fernando , Medina-Gomez Carolina , Jansen Pauline , Cecil Charlotte
Published: August 2022

The link between the gut microbiome and the brain has gained increasing scientific and public interest for its potential to explain psychiatric risk. While differences in gut microbiome composition have been associated with several mental health problems, evidence to date has been largely based on animal models and human studies in small sample sizes. Here, we aimed to systematically characterize associations of the gut microbiome with overall psychiatric symptoms as well as with specific domains of emotional and behavioral problems, assessed via the maternally rated Child Behavior Checklist in 1,784 ten-year-old children from the multi-ethnic, population-based Generation R Study. While we observe lower gut microbiome diversity in case of more overall and specific mental health problems, associations were not significant. Likewise, we did not identify any taxonomic feature associated with mental health problems after multiple testing correction, although nominally significant findings indicated depletion of genera previously associated with psychiatric disorders, includingAnaerotruncus, Anaeroplasma, andHungatella. The identified compositional abundance differences were found to be similar across all mental health problems. Finally, we did not find any specific microbial functions that were enriched in relation to children with mental health problems. In conclusion, based on the largest sample examined to date, we found no clear evidence of associations between gut microbiome diversity, taxonomies or functions and mental health problems in the general pediatric population. In future, the use of longitudinal designs with repeated measurements microbiome and psychiatric outcomes will be critical to clarify any emerging associations between the gut microbiome and mental health from early life to adulthood.
Secondary infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Haque Obaid Imtiyazul , Shameem Mohammad , Hashim Wamin
Published: August 2022

Background Patients infected with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit may have a higher incidence of developing secondary infections. These infections can further deteriorate the hospital course and increase mortality. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the incidence, associated risk factors, outcomes, and pathogens associated with secondary bacterial infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods All adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit requiring mechanical ventilation from 1st October 2020 until 31st December 2021 were screened for inclusion in the study. A total of 86 patients were screened, and 65 who met the inclusion criteria were prospectively entered into a customized electronic database. The database was then retrospectively analyzed to investigate secondary bacterial infections. 41.54% acquired at least one of the studied secondary bacterial infections during their ICU stay.. Results The most common secondary infection (59.26%) seen was hospital-acquired pneumonia followed by acquired bacteremia of unknown origin (25.92%), and catheter-related sepsis (14.81%). Diabetes mellitus (P = < 0.001), cumulative dose of corticosteroids (P = 0.001), and older age (P = < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of secondary bacterial infection. The most commonly isolated pathogen in patients with secondary pneumonia was Acinetobacter baumannii. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism associated with a bloodstream infection or catheter-related sepsis. Conclusion Incidence of secondary bacterial/fungal infections was high in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and was associated with a longer duration of admission to the hospital and ICU and higher mortality. Age, a history of diabetes mellitus, and the administration of corticosteroids were associated with an increased risk of secondary bacterial infection.
Seeding Date and Rate, and Supplemental Light Effects on Onion Growth1
Authors: Whiteside William F. , Vandemark Joseph S. , Splittstoesser Walter E.
Published: August 2022

Shoots and roots of onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Spanish Beauty) seeded at the early planting date, receiving supplemental light and seeded at the low planting rate produced more dry weight per plant at transplanting than any other treatment. Dry weight of tops and bulbs of these plants was greater than plants of other treatments after plants had been grown in the Field for 7 weeks. At bulb maturity, no significant differences occurred in air-dried bulb weight between seeding rate and planting date. Plants receiving supplemental light had significantly more weight at transplanting and produced significantly more weight per bulb at maturity than plants grown under incident light only.
Influence of Bulb Harvest Date and Temperature on Growth and Flowering of Lilium longiflorum1
Authors: Lin W. C. , Wilkins H. F.
Published: August 2022

Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White bulbs were shipped in 1969, 1970, and 1971 from the west coast to St. Paul by air freight from July to October at 15 day intervals. Bulbs were given 0 or 2 weeks of 10°C, 15.5°C or 21 °C followed by 0 or 6 weeks of 4.5°C. Two weeks exposure to 10°C enhanced shoot emergence and flowering of late-harvested non-cooled bulbs and enhanced flowering of cooled bulbs. Treatments of 15.5°C or 21°C had little influence on shoot emergence and flowering of non-cooled bulbs and delayed flowering of early harvested cooled bulbs. With time and with increased bulb growth the degree of dormancy (delay of emergence) decreased and degree of maturity (enhancement of early flowering by 4.5°) increased.
Pithy Brown Core Occurrence in ‘Bose’ Pears During Controlled Atmosphere Storage1
Authors: Blanpied G. D.
Published: August 2022

Incidences of pithy brown core (PBC) of ‘Bose’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) held in controlled atmosphere storage were increased by delayed harvest, prolonged storage, high CO2, and by low O2 levels. At 2-3% O2, PBC was prevalent even when CO2 was maintained at 0.2% and below. PBC was not related to levels of CO2 in the flesh because pears tolerated high CO2 at high O2 concentrations.
Exogenous Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid Effects on Growth and Development of Lilium longiflorum1
Authors: Lin W. C. , Wilkins H. F. , Angell M.
Published: August 2022

Dormancy of non-cooled Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Ace bulbs was broken with GA3 (1000 ppm), while ABA (500 ppm) partially negated the effect of vernalization on dormancy breaking. Infusion of bulbs with GA3 or ABA had little effect on days to anthesis. Injections of GA3, GA4, or GA7 into shoots from non-cooled bulbs did not substitute for vernalization or affect days to anthesis. ABA injections into shoots from cooled bulbs partially negated the effect of vernalization and delayed anthesis. Injections of GA3 or GA7 into shoots from cooled bulbs decreased days to anthesis, while GA3, GA4 or GA7 increased plant height. ABA delayed anthesis and reduced stem elongation. The major effect of exogenous GA applications appears to stimulate bolting.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Media Composed of Milled Pine Bark and Sand1
Authors: Brown E. F. , Pokorny F. A.
Published: August 2022

Bulk density (BD) of potting media increased as the percentage of sand was increased in the medium. Because of the “fitting” together of particles, volume of medium mixtures was always less than the total volume of the separate components. Particle size distribution was determined most accurately on a volume basis and was used to identify the potting mixtures. The percentage of medium components (bark or sand) retained on any given sieve size could be determined from BD data. Percolation rate, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) declined as the percentage of sand was increased in the potting mixture. CEC was most accurately determined on a volume basis. Increasing the percentage of sand in the potting medium raised pH from 4.1 to 5.4.
Inheritance and Morphological Traits of a Double Recessive Dwarf in Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.1
Authors: Mohr H. C. , Sandhu M. S.
Published: August 2022

When 2 mutant dwarf watermelons were crossed, the F1 was of normal vine type, indicating that these genes for dwarfness were non-allelic. The F2 segregated 9:3:3:1, with the double recessive a plant form hitherto unreported. The designated genotype of this digenic recessive dwarf is dw1 dw1 dw2 dw2. It has much shorter internodes than either parent, the crown branching characteristic of 1 parent and the naked bud characteristic of the other, and it was later in maturity than either parent.

Breeding lines derived from double recessive plants show promise of horticultural value as cultivars for the home garden and intensive commercial culture with the possibility of a mechanized harvest.
Storage Response of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples After High-Carbon Dioxide Treatment1
Authors: Couey H. Melvin , Olsen Kenneth L.
Published: August 2022

A 10-day exposure of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples to CO2 levels of about 20% at the beginning of controlled-atmosphere storage delayed softening and loss of titratable acidity during subsequent storage.
Intermittent Warming of Peaches and Nectarines Stored in a Controlled Atmosphere or Air1
Authors: Anderson R. E. , Penney R. W.
Published: August 2022

Three peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] and one nectarine [P. persica var. Nectarina (Ait.) Maxim.] cultivars were stored in a controlled atmosphere (CA) or air at 0°C for 9 weeks. At 3- or 6-weeks intervals fruits from certain of these storage atmospheres were shifted to air at 18.3°C for 2 days and then returned to CA or air at 0°C. Fruits stored in CA retained better quality and had lower respiration rates than those stored in air. Within a given storage atmosphere fruit quality was often even better and respiration (of CA stored fruit) usually was further reduced when the temperature had been raised to 18.3° for 2 days during the 0° storage. Skin browning frequently developed during ripening at 18.3°. This disorder and decay remain serious problems for successful long-term storage.
Tire Fabric Waste as Mulch for Fruit Trees
Authors: Teskey B. J. E. , Wilson K. R.
Published: August 2022

The fabric portion of used tires was evaluated and compared with hay as a mulching material for fruit trees. Results indicated that fabric and old hay produced similar effects on soil moisture, soil temperature, soil density and penetration, and weed and tree growth. The fabric in contrast with old hay was more attractive to mice and slowed spring bud break. Tire fabric does not contribute significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil, nor does it contain any toxic elements.
Reduced Translocation of Carbon and Nitrogen from Leaves with Symptoms of Pear Curl1
Authors: Catlin P. B. , Olsson E. A. , Beutel J. A.
Published: August 2022

With normal pear leaves, soluble carbohydrates (sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, fructose) and starch were higher in green than in abscising, yellow senescent ones. Considerable accumulation of these components occurred in curl leaves which were about to abscise. Greatly reduced transport of photosynthetically fixed 14C from the leaves occurred in curl-affected trees. Normal leaves photosynthesized and exported C even when abscission was imminent as long as chlorophyll was present. Curl-affected leaves abscised earlier while considerable photosynthetic potential remained. As normal leaves approached senescence their N content decreased dramatically. Curl-affected leaves abscised when N levels were still high. Curl deprives the tree of potentially utilizable carbohydrate and N resources through inhibition of translocation and premature abscission. These effects of curl may explain reduced vigor and productivity as well as difficulties in establishing young trees. It is postulated that curl and decline are not solely graft union problems.
The Ozone Sensitivity of Petunia hybrida Vilm. as Related to Physiological Age1
Authors: Hanson George P. , Thorne Linda , Addis Daniel H.
Published: August 2022

Sets of 6 multiflora Petunia F1 hybrids representing 8 different age groups were simultaneously fumigated with 0.2 ppm ozone for 8 hours. The more sensitive hybrids acquired a marked ozone tolerance upon visible differentiation of a floral bud. The acquired tolerance was manifested several nodes beneath the lowest flowering node. The more tolerant hybrids developed a greater tolerance (greater percentage of nodes whose leaves exhibited no ozone injury) and acquired it prior to the visible differentiation of a floral bud. Also, the oldest uninjured leaves on tolerant hybrids had a significantly higher leaf plastochron index than did the oldest uninjured leaves of the sensitive hybrids, suggesting that the tolerant hybrids had some mechanism which protected leaves of an older physiological age.
Growth Retarding Activity of Foliar Applied Daminozide (SADH) in Relation to its Concentration in Three Species1
Authors: Sachs Roy M. , Mock Tom
Published: August 2022

In Coprosma baueri Endl. low response to foliar sprays of 1% daminozide (SADH; succinic acid 2,2 dimethyl hydrazide) was accounted for, in part, by low levels of endogenous SADH in the terminal shoot tissues. The same exogenous application rates to Xylosma congestum (Lour.) Merr. and Pyracantha coccinea Roem. caused greater inhibition of stem elongation and higher endogenous levels of SADH. However, the most significant results of this study were that a negligible relationship existed between level of SADH in tissues of elongating branches and the inhibition of stem elongation. Elongation did not increase in stems of Xylosma, Coprosma and Pyracantha after 60 to 90 days even though endogenous SADH concentration decreased sharply in this interval. We concluded, therefore, that only a portion of the SADH found in tissues was active in inhibiting stem elongation. Multiple applications of SADH, made after pruning but before branch elongation had begun, caused greater inhibition of elongation than was expected on the basis of endogenous levels of SADH. This response suggested that exogenous applications reached sites in axillary buds critical for inhibition of elongation more readily than endogenous SADH translocated from older leaves. The implications of these findings for interpreting comparative activity studies among analogs of growth retardants and among species is discussed.
Interspecific Hybridization Among 6 Carica Species1
Authors: Mekako H. U. , Nakasone H. Y.
Published: August 2022

Interspecific hybridizations among 6 Carica species, including the edible papaya, produced 2 hybrids previously unreported: C. monoica Desf. × C. goudotiana (Tr. & PI.) Solms (A)R and C. parviflora (A. DC.) Solms. × C. goudotiana (A)R. Other crosses producing viable seeds were: C. monoica × C. cauliflora Jacq., its reciprocal; C. goudotiana (A, B) × C. monoica and C. cauliflora (A, B) × C. pennata Heilbron, Svensk.

Three reciprocal pollinations of the above crosses and 9 other pollinations produced fruits with under-developed seeds which were non-viable. Carica papaya L. (Line 26) pollinated with pollen of C. cauliflora (A), C. parviflora, C. monoica and C. goudotiana (A)R produced fruits with non-viable seeds. Three crosses, C. pennata × C. goutotiana (B), C, papaya (Line 5B) × C. pennata and C. goudotiana (A)R × C. cauliflora (A) produced parthenocarpic fruits (ovules completely undeveloped). Most cross pollinations which failed to set fruit were reciprocals of those which produced non-viable seed and parthenocarpic fruits. Differences in compatibility and seed viability were shown by lines of C. cauliflora from El Salvador and Venezuela and by C. goudotiana from Colombia and Venezuela.

Four interspecific hybrids are described. Heterosis was shown in 2 hybrids for tree height, trunk circumference, and number and wt of fruits.

Only C. cauliflora and its hybrids did not show the usual visible reaction to a virus with symptoms resembling papaya mosaic and distortion ringspot. As the trees progressed in age, many died of root rot (associated with Phytophthora palmivora Butl. and Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz.). Symptoms of this disease were not apparent in plants of C. cauliflora or its hybrids with C. monoica, although the latter species has been observed to be highly susceptible.
Effects of Maturity, Storage, and Ethylene on the Induction of Carotenoid Synthesis in Citrus Fruits by 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine (CPTA)1,2
Authors: Jahn Otto L. , Young Roger
Published: August 2022

Early in the season, postharvest applications of 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine (CPTA) had little effect on carotenoid synthesis in ‘Bearss’ lemon (Citrus limon Burm. f.), ‘Robinson’ tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco × (C. paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata)), ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.), and ‘Hamlin’ orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. The responses increased as the fruit matured, but greater CPTA responses were induced by storage of the fruit at 16°C before treatment or by exposing treated fruit to ethylene. Observations suggested that cultivars with low natural carotenoid levels (lemon and grapefruit) are more responsive to CPTA applications than are those with higher levels (tangerine). Improved color of ‘Hamlin’ orange was obtained with CPTA applications made before or after a 3-day degreening treatment. This response did not appear to be prevented by waxing. However, the practical use of CPTA to improve the color of oranges appears limited, although it may be useful in research on carotenoid synthesis.
Phenolic Content During Healing of ‘Valencia’ Orange Peel Under High Humidity1
Authors: Ismail M. A. , Brown G. Eldon
Published: August 2022

Free phenolic constituents increase more than 2-fold in injured peel of oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cv. Valencia after 48 hr at 30°C and 96 to 98% relative humidity (rh). Concomitantly, conjugated phenolic compounds decrease to near depletion as a heavily lignified layer forms on injured cells. At 5°C all wound healing processes slow down. Infection of injured tissue by Penicillium digitatum Sacc. at 27°C inhibits lignin synthesis and the disappearance of conjugated phenolic compounds, but does not interfere with the usual increase in free phenolics. Mycelium of P. digitatum contributes little to the level of phenolic compounds of decayed fruit tissue. Extracts of free phenolic substances from healed tissue d) not exhibit fungistatic activity on P. digitatum spores, Lignin formation provides a mechanical barrier which retards or inhibits penetration of injured tissue by P. digitatum.
Hormonal Control of Flower Bud Dormancy in Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). I. Identification of Abscisic Acid1
Authors: Mielke E. A. , Dennis F. G.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrated the presence of inhibitory substances in both the free and base-hydrolyzable fractions of methanol extracts of sour cherry buds. One of these, occurring in both fractions, we identified as abscisic acid (ABA) by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The base hydrolyzable form of ABA was assumed to be the l’-glucose ester.
Yield, Fruit Quality, Growth, and Leaf Nutrient Levels of 14-Year-Old Grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macf., Trees on 21 Rootstocks1
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. , Shull A. V.
Published: August 2022

Nucellar red grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macf., on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × C. paradisi, rootstock produced more fruit than trees on 20 other rootstocks over 9 years during the period when the trees were 6 to 14 years old. Fruit quality on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo was the same as on ‘Texas’ sour orange, C. aurantium L. Leaf analysis for 12 elements showed significant differences among rootstocks in the concentration of 7 elements, particularly a strong tendency of ‘Chinese box-orange’, Severinia buxifolia (Poir.) Ten., to accumulate Mn and of ‘Limon Real’, C. excelsa Wester, to accumulate Na.
Spinach Quality Attributes and Nitrate-Nitrite Levels As Related to Processing and Storage1
Authors: Sistrunk W. A. , Cash J. N.
Published: August 2022

Two cultivars of spinach, blanched at 4 temperatures and for 4 lengths of time, were canned and analyzed during a 15-month storage period. ‘Bounty’, a savoyed-leaf type, had better color and texture than ‘Viroflay’, a smooth-leaf type, but was higher in oxalates, nitrate-N and nitrite-N. A blanch time of 12 minutes produced better color than a 4-minute blanch time. However, longer blanching leached out more solutes including total N, oxalates, nitrate-N and nitrite-N. Color, texture, total N, oxalates nitrate-N, and nitrite-N decreased as temperature of blanch increased from 71 to 89°C. During storage, canned spinach lost greenness and became darker as measured by the Hunter ‘a’ and ‘L’ respectively. However, the improved color from the 71 and 77°C blanch did not disappear during storage. There was a decrease in nitrate-N but an increase in nitrite-N during 15 months storage, especially in ‘Viroflay’.
Control of Ripening in ‘McIntosh’ Apples I. Some Growth Regulator Effects on Preharvest Drop and Fruit Quality at Four Harvest Dates1,2
Authors: Looney Norman E.
Published: August 2022

Ethephon (600 ppm applied 3 weeks or 300 ppm applied 1 week ahead of “normal” harvest) combined with either NAA or 10 or 20 ppm 2,4,5-TP increased red color and decreased firmness of fruits harvested 6 or 12 days after each treatment. In neither series did NAA or 2,4,5-TP control drop adequately.

A midsummer treatment with 1000 or 2000 ppm succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) modified these results by enhancing color and firmness and greatly reducing fruit drop relative to fruits treated solely with ethephon-auxin.
Control of Ripening in ‘McIntosh’ Apples. II. Effect of Growth Regulators and CO2 on Fruit Ripening, Storage Behaviour, and Shelf Life.1,2
Authors: Looney Norman E.
Published: August 2022

Fruit quality measurements and taste panel assessments indicated considerable latitude for programming harvest of ‘McIntosh’ apples. Ripening at 20°C was advanced by ethephon-auxin and delayed by succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) and CO2. The rate of softening and acid catabolism at 0°C were not altered by the growth regulator treatments.

SADH suppressed ethylene production and CO2 suppressed both ethylene production and softening of ripening fruits held at 20°C. These effects were greatest in fruits not subjected to cold storage and declined linearly in fruits held 30, 60 or 90 days at 0°C. Neither SADH nor CO2 influenced acid loss at 20°C.
New Genetic Sources of Peonin and a New Combination of Anthocyanins in Rosa1
Authors: Marshall H. H.
Published: August 2022

New sources of peonin in Rosa have been found in R. acicularis Lindl., R. arkansana Porter and R. × dulcissima (Lunell) W. H. Lewis. Peonin has been transferred from the native tetraploid, R. arkansana, to fertile tetraploid hybrids with Floribunda and Hybrid Tea roses. Cyanin, peonin and pelargonin combined have been found in 10 seedlings derived from these crosses, a combination not previously reported in Rosa.

A separate pair of blue fluorescing spots bore a positive relationship to each of cyanin, peonin and pelargonin. A negative relationship was observed between yellow fluorescent spots, probably flavonoids, and anthocyanins.
Linkage and Inheritance in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)1
Authors: Ryder Edward J.
Published: August 2022

Achene color and leaf-type genes are linked, with p = 0.34. Achene color and male-sterility genes are linked, with p = 0.39. Leaf-type and male-sterility genes are independently inherited. Achene color and virescent chlorophyll-deficiency genes are linked, with p = 0.03. Thirty-four other linkage comparisons showed independent inheritance.

Endive-type leaf and chlorophyll deficiency are each regulated by recessive alleles. Three separate recessive alleles control albinism.
Transfer of Self Compatibility from Garden to Greenhouse Strains of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat1
Authors: Ronald W. G. , Ascher P. D.
Published: August 2022

Five self-incompatible greenhouse chrysanthemum cultivars pollinated by self-compatible garden clones produced 10 F1 progenies of which 8 segregated for both self-incompatible and self-compatible plants. Using 10 or more seeds as the criterion for self compatibility, 36 of the 82 F1 plants were classified as self compatible. Selfed seed yield was distributed in a continuous pattern with the largest class, containing 32 plants, yielding less than 5 seeds per head. Sterility was not a cause of low seed yield on most of those plants classified as self incompatible. Self compatibility may prove useful in genetic analysis and in development of inbred lines and subsequently of F1 hybrid chrysanthemums.
Inheritance of Seed Size in Blackberry1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Lundergan Catherine , Brown Elvin D.
Published: August 2022

Nine seedling populations involving small-, intermediate-, and large-seeded parental clones of tetraploid blackberries (Rubus sp., subgenus Eubatus) were evaluated for seed-size inheritance. All seedling progenies exhibited a wide range of seed sizes with high frequencies of transgressive segregation especially for small seed size The frequency distribution curves were skewed in the direction of small seed size. The data support a model for quantitative inheritance with partial dominance for small seed size. Calculations of heritabihty show an average maximum estimate of 97%, supporting previous observations of the lack of environmental effects on the expression of seed size in blackberries.
The Association of Bacteria and Nitrites in Carrot Juice1
Authors: Hicks J. R. , Stall R. E. , Hall C. B.
Published: August 2022

The nitrite level of carrot juice at 20°C increased rapidly for several hours when bacterial levels were above 106 cells per ml of juice. When juice was held at 20°C, nitrite cone began to decline after 16 hours, although there was no decrease in bacterial population. No increase in nitrite occurred when bacterial growth was prevented by holding the juice at 5°C or by adding potassium dehydroacetate. However, nitrite was produced at 5°C when the bacterial level was raised to 108 cells per ml.
Effects of N and K Fertilization on Internal and External Fruit Quality of Three Major Florida Orange Cultivars1
Authors: Reese R. L. , Koo R. C. J.
Published: August 2022

This is a report of a 4 × 4 NK factorial experiment over a 6-year period using ‘Hamlin’, ‘Pineapple,’ and ‘Valencia’ orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on rough lemon rootstock (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) planted on Astatula f.s., formerly classified Lakeland f.s. Main effects of N and K were considered independently because interactions were not significant for most measurements. Increases in N rate increased the juice content and acid, whereas increases in K resulted in higher acid and lower soluble solids with an accompanying lower soluble solids/acid ratio. Smaller sized fruit, more green fruit, and a lower packout were a result of increased N rates. Increased K rates did not influence external characteristics of the fruit other than producing larger fruit. Rind blemishes occurred more often at the low N rate and diminished as the N rate increased. Incidence of decay in storage was greatest at the lowest N rate. Creasing was found to be significantly related to high N and low K rates.
Growth of Chrysanthemums in Hardwood Bark as Affected by Nitrogen Source1
Authors: Klett J. E. , Gartner J. B.
Published: August 2022

Total N content in the shoots of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ‘Bright Golden Anne’ grown in hardwood bark was significantly greater when utilizing (NH4)2SO4 source of N than with KNO3 source. The NH4+ concn in the shoots was greatest at the low pH range when (NH4)2SO4 was the source of N. The NH4+ concn in the media was greatest at the low pH range when utilizing the (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 sources of N.

The greatest dry wt of shoots was obtained if test plants were treated with both NH4+ and NO3− forms of N with NH4NO3 source of N at the higher pH range and without the nitrification inhibitor.
Studies on the Inhibition of Ripening in Attached Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Fruits1
Authors: Tingwa Peter O. , Young Roy E.
Published: August 2022

The inability of ‘Fuerte’ and ‘Hass’ avocado fruits to ripen on the tree has been attributed to a ripening inhibitor which has been presumed to be transported from the tree to the fruits. These studies, undertaken to explain this phenomenon, indicate that leaves, usually considered to be the source of this substance, did not delay ripening. Fruit on detached branches abscissed before ripening and softened later than detached fruit. Leaves on the detached branches accelerated abscission and subsequent ripening. Fruit detached from the branch with the peduncle attached ripened later than when it was removed. The peduncle and stem may supply a ripening inhibitor to the fruit or the stem may act as a sink for a ripening hormone produced in the fruit.
Influence of Interstem Lengths of M.8 Clone Malus sylvestris Mill. on Growth, Precocity, Yield, and Spacing of 2 Apple Cultivars1
Authors: Carlson Robert F. , Oh Sung D.
Published: August 2022

Orchard performance over a 12-year period of ‘Delicious’ and ‘Jonathan’ dwarfed with M.8 interstems of different lengths (10, 20 and 30 cm) on Alnarp-2 clonal rootstocks influenced vigor, yield, and annual shoot growth. ‘Delicious’ required longer interstem material for adequate tree size reduction than did ‘Jonathan’. The total yields, based on one tree spacing treatment, were higher the first 6 years from interstem trees than from standard trees, followed by higher yields of standard trees in subsequent years. Projected closer tree spacings according to tree vigor as produced by different interstem lengths suggested that yields per hectar of ‘Delicious’ could be quadrupled and ‘Jonathan’ tripled when compared to standard trees.
Effector Plant Density and Spatial Arrangement on Seed Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)1
Authors: Nangju D. , Little T. M. , Anjorin-Ohu A.
Published: August 2022

In spacing experiments at Ibadan, western Nigeria, cowpea cv. Prima, an erect, determinate and low branching type showed a consistently higher optimum density than ‘Pale Green’, semi upright, indeterminate and high branching type. Optimum spacing for ‘Prima’ ranged from 16 to 17 cm within rows and 34 to 40 cm between rows, representing a range in densities from 145 to 180 thousand plants per hectare. ‘Pale Green’ had optimum spacings of 19 to 20 cm within rows and 50 to 65 cm between rows, or densities from 70 to 105 thousand plants per hectare. The effect of varying either between-row or within-row spacing was consistently more pronounced in ‘Pale Green’ than in ‘Prima’.

In 3 experiments where either the within-row spacing, the between-row spacing, or both were varied, there was a close linear relationship between the log of the yield per plant and the density. A factorial experiment, involving both within-row and between-row spacings, showed no significant interaction between these 2 factors. Apparently, varying the spacing between-rows affects yield for different reasons and to a greater extent than varying the spacing within rows.
Improvement of Shoot-tip Grafting in vitro for Virus-free Citrus1
Authors: Navarro L. , Roistacher C. N. , Murashige T.
Published: August 2022

A 30 to 50% frequency of successful grafts was obtained by using 2-week-old dark grown seedlings as rootstocks and 0.14 to 0.18 mm long shoot tips as scions. The shoot tip was inserted into an inverted-T made at the top of the decapitated rootstock epicotyl. Most scion cultivars gave satisfactory grafts on ‘Troyer’ citrange, whereas lemon, lime and citron yielded successful grafts only on ‘Rough’ lemon. The grafted plants were allowed to develop in vitro under 16 hr daily exposure to 1000 lux Grow Lux illumination and were provided with a nutrient solution containing a high concentration (7.5%) of sucrose. The best source of shoot tips was the flush from defoliated branches of field trees or glasshouse plants. It was also possible to use shoot tips from flushes arising in excised lateral buds cultured in vitro. Grafted plants were transplantable to soil 5 to 8 weeks after grafting with over 95% survival. Preliminary data indicated recovery of cultivars freed from tristeza and psorosis viruses, stubborn spiroplasma and exocortis viroid. Pathogen-free plants showed no reversion to the juvenile phase.
Effects of Light, Temperature, and 2′,4′-Dichloro-1-Cyanoethanesulphonanilide on Degreening of Regreened ‘Valencia’ Oranges1
Authors: Coggins C. W. , Hall A. E.
Published: August 2022

Degreening occurred when 1000 ppm 2′,4′-dichloro-1-cyanoethanesulphonanilide (R33417) was applied preharvest or postharvest to regreened ‘Valencia’ oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] when light was present. Part of the light effect may have been due to increased rind temperatures because some degreening occurred when treated fruit were held in darkness at 40°C. Little or no degreening, however, occurred in darkness at 25 or 4°C. Some postharvest degreening occurred in the absence of R33417 in darkness at 40°C and considerable degreening occurred on fruit which were exposed to light but not treated with R33417 even when rind temperatures were considerably lower than 40°C. Results obtained with untreated fruit agree with the currently accepted view that intense light can cause chlorophyll destruction, however, excised orange fruit were much more susceptible to degreening by intense light than attached citrus leaves. Based on the combined effects of light, temperature, and R33417 on degreening we speculate that the chemical potentiates the destructive effects of intense light and high temperatures on chlorophyll. Evidence that light does not convert R33417 into a biologically active compound, and preliminary evidence that R33417 reduces the extent of ethylene degreening are presented.
Influence of the Multiflora-Grandiflora Genotypes of Petunia on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth, and Elemental Foliar Composition1
Authors: Knowlton Linda L. , Sink K. C.
Published: August 2022

Three sets of Petunia hybrida Vilm. lines were used with each set comprised of the 3 genotypes, multiflora (gg), grandiflora (GG), and heterozygote (Gg). Seed germination was consistently high for the hybrid Gg (92%), intermediate for gg (77%) and low for GG (45%). The fresh and dry wt of 28-day-old seedlings was inconsistent but the Gg hybrid was the most vigorous at 49 days followed by the gg and GG genotypes. No differences were observed in N, P, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, or Al in vegetative leaves of the 3 genotypes. Differences in Ca, Mg, and B occurred, but they were not uniform with respect to genotype or to genotypes within a set. Calcium and Mg were generally highest in gg and lowest in GG. Boron in 1 of 2 experiments showed the same pattern. The physiological roles of the observed differences in elemental composition with respect to chlorophyll composition, sugar metabolism, and vigor as indicated by an increase in fresh and dry wt, in the 3 genotypes are discussed.
Inheritance of Fruit Size, Soluble Solids, and Ripening Date in Prunus domestica cv. Agen1
Authors: Hansche P. E. , Hesse C. O. , Beres V.
Published: August 2022

Genetic and environmental components of variance were estimated in 2 seedling populations of plum and prune at the University of California, Davis, California; the first population comprised 90 progeny of 14 open-pollinated parents, the second, 430 progeny of 50 controlled crosses among 28 parents. The estimates of phenotypic and genotypic variability associated with these traits in these 2 populations were nearly identical. Heritabilities, estimated by regressing the 500 progeny from the second population on their 50 mid-parents, were very high (0.80–1.0) for fruit size measurements and ripening dates, but zero for fruit yield. Also high (0.49) was the maximum heritability of percent soluble solids, estimated by the genetic variance/phenotypic variance. Phenotypic correlations among the traits fruit size, ripening date, and percent soluble solids are also small but significant in this seedling population. These results indicated that the rates of gain to be expected from mass selection on such populations are substantial.
Stress Ethylene Production in Apple Shoots1
Authors: Robitaille Henry A.
Published: August 2022

Increases in internal ethylene concentrations occurred after attached and detached apple (Malus domestica, Borkh. cv. Winesap) shoots were placed in a horizontal position. Ethylene was higher in the underside of the shoot, and decreased linearly in a basipetal direction along the axis. Bent and horizontally-oriented detached shoots did not increase in ethylene at 20°C, but increased to identical levels at 30°, suggesting that responses to the 2 types of stress were identical. Although gravitational stress alone increased ethylene levels, an experiment designed to separate bending stress from gravitational stress was inconclusive because rotation decreased shoot ethylene levels.
Seasonal Trends of Four Quality Factors in Processing Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)1
Authors: Orzolek Michael D. , Angell Fred F.
Published: August 2022

Four processing tomato cvs. Chico III, Merit, Dorchester and Campbell 28 were sampled biweekly throughout the harvesting season in 1972 and 1973. Seasonal variation was noted in soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and color. The color and pH of tomatoes reached maximum values between 89 and 105 days after planting while soluble solids were generally higher between 76 and 106 days after planting. There was no trend in the variation of ascorbic acid throughout the sampling period. In some cases, however, there was a lower ascorbic acid content in fruits toward the end of the harvesting season. Of 5 climatic factors measured in both years, temperature and radiation were implicated as affecting tomato fruit quality.