bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of cefixime and tetracycline as an evaluation policy driven by the antibiotic resistance crisis in Indonesia
Authors: Ramdhani Danni , Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri , Sediana Dede , Bima A. P. Hilarius , Khumairoh Ika
Published: September 2021

Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat that occurs globally in the health sector due to increased consumption of inappropriate antibiotics. Guidelines for prescribing antibiotics for ARTIs have been issued in general practice to promote rational antibiotic prescribing. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cefixime and tetracycline as a solution to improve monitoring of appropriate antibiotic use in the treatment of ARTIs. All stock isolates were rejuvenated first, and cultured on standard media and Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was used for susceptibility testing in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute’s (CLSI) recommendations. Identification of bacteria from a single isolate was carried out to determine which bacteria were resistant to cefixime and tetracycline. A total of 466 single isolates of bacteria were analyzed, which showed a percentage of resistance to cefixime 38.0%, and tetracycline 92.86%. Bacterial isolates were resistant to cefixime and tetracycilne was a genus of Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and bordetella. Cefixime compared to tetracycline was proven to be superior in terms of the effectiveness of ARIs treatment.
TC10 regulates breast cancer invasion and metastasis by controlling membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase at invadopodia
Authors: Hülsemann Maren , Sanchez Colline , Verkhusha Polina V. , Des Marais Vera , Mao Serena P. H. , Donnelly Sara K. , Segall Jeffrey E. , Hodgson Louis
Published: September 2021

During breast cancer metastasis, cancer cell invasion is driven by actin-rich protrusions called invadopodia, which mediate the extracellular matrix degradation required for the success of the invasive cascade. In this study, we demonstrate that TC10, a member of a Cdc42 subfamily of p21 small GTPases, regulates the membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP)-driven extracellular matrix degradation at invadopodia. We show that TC10 is required for the plasma membrane surface exposure of MT1-MMP at these structures. By utilizing our Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor, we demonstrate the p190RhoGAP-dependent regulation of spatiotemporal TC10 activity at invadopodia. We identified a pathway that regulates invadopodia-associated TC10 activity and function through the activation of p190RhoGAP and the downstream interacting effector Exo70. Our findings reveal the role of a previously unknown regulator of vesicular fusion at invadopodia, TC10 GTPase, in breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
Targeting integrin αvβ3 by a rationally designed protein for chronic liver disease treatment
Authors: Turaga Ravi Chakra , Satyanarayana Ganesh , Sharma Malvika , Yang Jenny J. , Wang Shiyuan , Liu Chunfeng , Li Sun , Yang Hua , Grossniklaus Hans , Farris Alton Brad , Gracia-Sancho Jordi , Liu Zhi-Ren
Published: September 2021

Chronic Liver Diseases (CLD) are characterized by abnormal accumulation of collagen fibrils, neo-angiogenesis, and sinusoidal remodeling. Collagen deposition along with intrahepatic angiogenesis and sinusoidal remodeling alters sinusoid structure resulting in portal hypertension, liver failure, and other complications. Efforts were made to develop treatments for CLDs. However, the success of such treatments is limited and unpredictable. We report a strategy for CLD treatment by induction of integrin αvβ3 mediated cell apoptosis using a rationally designed protein (ProAgio). ProAgio is designed to target integrin αvβ3 at a novel site. Integrin αvβ3 is highly expressed in activated Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSC), angiogenic endothelium, and capillarized Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (LSEC). ProAgio induces apoptosis of these disease causative cells. Tests with liver fibrosis mouse models demonstrate that ProAgio reverses liver fibrosis and relieves blood flow resistance by depleting activated HSC and capillarized LSEC. Our studies demonstrate an effective approach for CLD treatment.
An absorption spectrophotometer compatible paper-based thin-layer cuvette with an integrated pneumatic pump
Authors: Morita Kotaro , Koiso Honomi , Kudo Reina , Hirayama Naoki
Published: September 2021

Synthetic PP paper and PET seal tape were utilized to prepare a paper-based thin-layer cuvette for transmittance-based absorption spectroscopy with a pneumatically driven pump that is operated manually by a simple finger actuation.
A genetically encoded sensor with improved fluorescence intensity for opioid detection at cellular resolution
Authors: Kroning Kayla E. , Li Mingcheng , Petrescu D. Isabel , Wang Wenjing
Published: September 2021

We engineered an improved opioid sensor, called M-SPOTIT2, which is 11x brighter than our previously engineered M-SPOTIT1.1. Scale bar, 20 μm.
Unveiling the enhanced electrocatalytic activity at electrochemically synthesized Pt–WOx hybrid nanostructure interfaces
Authors: Oh Lee Seul , Kim Ju Ye , Kim Hyun Woo , Han Jeonghyun , Lim Eunho , Kim Won Bae , Park Jong Hyeok , Kim Hyung Ju
Published: September 2021

Electrochemically-synthesized Pt–WOx hybrid nanostructures showed excellent catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance. The creation of Pt–WOx interfacial sites on the synthesized nanostructures contributed to improved catalytic performance.
Seed-sol-assisted construction of a coffin-shaped multilamellar ZSM-5 single crystal using CTAB
Authors: Shao Xiuli , Zhang Yu , Li Jun , Wang Zheng , Zhang Xuan , Wang Lin , Yuan Wei , Wang Huanting
Published: September 2021

A coffin-shaped multilamellar ZSM-5 single crystal (CMZS) composed of orderly stacked 2D nanosheets was synthesized via CTAB and silicalite-1 seed sol.
Isostructurality of quinoxaline crystal phases: the interplay of weak hydrogen bonds and halogen bonding
Authors: Saidykhan Amie , Fenwick Nathan W. , Bowen Richard D. , Telford Richard , Seaton Colin C.
Published: September 2021

Creation of isostructural systems is a balance between thermodynamic and kinetic factors, shown by a set of substituted quinoxalines, where the lighter halogens form a set of metastable isostructural crystals, different to the heavy substitutions.
Divide-and-link peptide docking: a fragment-based peptide docking protocol
Authors: Sun Lu , Fu Tingting , Zhao Dan , Fan Hongjun , Zhong Shijun
Published: September 2021

DLPepDock predicts protein–peptide interaction modes using divide-and-link peptide docking.
The growth of a large GdPO4 crystal guided by theoretical simulation and the study of its phonon properties
Authors: Yang Zhongmin , Gong Xinghong , Chen Yujin , Huang Jianhua , Lin Yanfu , Luo Zundu , Deng Shuiquan , Huang Yidong
Published: September 2021

A record size large crystal of GdPO4 was successfully grown aided by theoretical calculations. A new formula was introduced to study the temperature-dependent Raman spectra, which revealed weak phonon–phonon interactions of GdPO4 up to 803 K.
Ultrafast photochemistry of a molybdenum carbonyl–nitrosyl complex with a triazacyclononane coligand
Authors: Gessner Niklas , Bäck Anna K. , Knorr Johannes , Nagel Christoph , Marquetand Philipp , Schatzschneider Ulrich , González Leticia , Nuernberger Patrick
Published: September 2021

The photochemistry of a molybdenum complex bearing both carbonyl and nitrosyl ligands is investigated by ultrafast spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations with the goal to elucidate possibilities of photoinduced ligand release.
Interfacial acidity on the strontium titanate surface: a scaling paradigm and the role of the hydrogen bond
Authors: Chapleski Robert C. , Chowdhury Azhad U. , Mason Kyle R. , Sacci Robert L. , Doughty Benjamin , Roy Sharani
Published: September 2021

Adsorption of alkanols on the strontium titanate surface leads to a two-state chemisorption equilibrium mediated by gas–surface hydrogen bonding. This equilibrium is used to develop a paradigm of interfacial Brønsted–Lowry acidity of alkanols.
Emerging investigator series: thermodynamic and energy analysis of nitrogen and phosphorous recovery from wastewaters
Authors: McCartney Stephanie N. , Watanabe Nobuyo S. , Yip Ngai Yin
Published: September 2021

This study quantified the theoretical minimum energy required to recover fertilizer products from different environmental waste streams.
An ultra-low noise amplifier array system for high throughput single entity analysis
Authors: Zhong Cheng-Bing , Ma Hui , Wang Jia-Jun , Zhang Lin-Lin , Ying Yi-Lun , Wang Rong , Wan Yong-Jing , Long Yi-Tao
Published: September 2021

A four-channel amplifier with a high bandwidth (>100 kHz) was developed by designing a two-stage amplifier with low input capacitance. Its performance was verified in single nanoparticle collision experiments, and in single-molecule nanopore assay.
Adjusting SiO2 : C mole ratios in rice hull ash (RHA) to control carbothermal reduction to nanostructured SiC, Si3N4 or Si2N2O composites
Authors: Yu Mengjie , Temeche Eleni , Indris Sylvio , Laine Richard M.
Published: September 2021

SiO2 : C mole ratios in RHA are controlled using an unconventional method, by which nanocomposites are synthesized via carbothermal reduction exploiting the intrinsic nanoscale SiO2 and carbon with no need for adding an external carbon source.
Medicinal chemistry of the myeloid C-type lectin receptors Mincle, Langerin, and DC-SIGN
Authors: Cramer Jonathan
Published: September 2021

This review outlines the current state of research into glycomimetic or drug-like small molecule ligands for the C-type lectin receptors Mincle, Langerin, and DC-SIGN, which have potential applications in vaccine research and anti-infective therapy.
Controlling light emitting properties in bis(pyrenyl)-di-imines by tuning the chemical functionality of the spacer group
Authors: Das Moyna , Jaswal Vishakha , Maity Suvendu , Ghosh Prasanta , Sarkar Madhushree
Published: September 2021

An insignificant change in molecular structure has significantly impacted the photophysical properties, which are being analyzed and correlated from the molecular to the supramolecular level.
Non-flammable liquid electrolytes for safe batteries
Authors: Gond Ritambhara , van Ekeren Wessel , Mogensen Ronnie , Naylor Andrew J. , Younesi Reza
Published: September 2021

This review summarizes eight different strategies to formulate non-flammable liquid electrolytes to improve safety of alkali-metal-ion batteries such as lithium-ion, sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries.
BGMSDDA: a bipartite graph diffusion algorithm with multiple similarity integration for drug–disease association prediction
Authors: Xie Guobo , Li Jianming , Gu Guosheng , Sun Yuping , Lin Zhiyi , Zhu Yinting , Wang Weiming
Published: September 2021

Calculating the linear and nonlinear similarity information between drugs and diseases and using bipartite graph diffusion algorithms for predicting drug–disease associations.
Recent trends in the applications of thermally expanded graphite for energy storage and sensors – a review
Authors: Murugan Preethika , Nagarajan Ramila D. , Shetty Brahmari H. , Govindasamy Mani , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: September 2021

This review highlight and summarizes the latest developments on the synthesis of TEG based composite materials for their applications in hydrogen storage, thermal energy storage, fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, and (bio-) sensors.
Heterojunction-based photocatalytic nitrogen fixation: principles and current progress
Authors: Ali Hassan , Masar Milan , Guler Ali Can , Urbanek Michal , Machovsky Michal , Kuritka Ivo
Published: September 2021

This article provides a review of heterojunction-based (type-II and Z-scheme) photocatalytic nitrogen fixation, including fundamental principles, current progress, and prospects.
A novel 2D mesoporous phosphazene-anthraquinone-based covalent organic polymer: synthesis, characterization and supercapacitor applications
Authors: Xue Rui , Zheng Yan-Ping , Zhang Lei , Xu Da-Ying , Qian De-Quan , Liu Yin-Sheng , Rao Hong-Hong , Huang Sheng-Li , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: September 2021

A novel phosphazene anthraquinone-based covalent organic polymer (HD-1) was successfully designed and synthesized through a simple polymerization reaction. The as-prepared material was used as an electrode active material for a supercapacitor.
Theoretical study on the adsorption and electronic properties of toxic gas molecules on single-atom Pt-doped B/N-coordinated graphene
Authors: Chen Weiguang , Tang Yanan , Shi Jinlei , Cui Yingqi , Wang Zhiwen , Li Zhaohan , Tian Hao , Li Anming , Dai Xianqi
Published: September 2021

The geometric stability, electronic and magnetic characteristics of the single-atom metal (SAMs) Pt-anchored graphene by controlling the coordinated B and N atoms (xB–yN–graphene-Pt, x + y = 1–3) are studied using first-principles calculations.
Core–shell hybrid structured rGO decorated ZnO nanorods synthesizedviaa facile chemical route with photosensitive properties
Authors: Sengunthar Poornima , Patel Shivangi , Thankachen Nisha , Joshi U. S.
Published: September 2021

Two-dimensional graphene-based nanocomposites have gained much attention due to their promising applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Frequency stable dielectric constant with reduced dielectric loss of one-dimensional ZnO–ZnS heterostructures
Authors: Zafar Amina , Younas Muhammad , Fatima Syeda Arooj , Qian Lizhi , Liu Yanguo , Sun Hongyu , Shaheen Rubina , Nisar Amjad , Karim Shafqat , Nadeem Muhammad , Ahmad Mashkoor
Published: September 2021

ZnO–ZnS heterostructure is developed which shows frequency stable dielectric response at ≥103 Hz due to coupling of the bare charges in the form of overlapping large polaron and Zn2+–VO dipoles present at ZnO–ZnS heterostructure interface.
Adoptive CD8+T-cell grafted with liposomal immunotherapy drugs to counteract the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and enhance therapy for melanoma
Authors: Liu Simeng , Liu Huimin , Song Xiaoshuang , Jiang Ailing , Deng Yuchuan , Yang Chengli , Sun Dan , Jiang Kun , Yang Fan , Zheng Yu
Published: September 2021

Efficient tumor-targeting delivery of CpG or BMS-202 by adoptive T-cells coupled with drug loaded liposomes reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, restoring T cell viability and effectively inhibiting the growth of melanoma.
Electric Fano resonance-based terahertz metasensors
Authors: Wang Ride , Xu Lei , Wang Jiayi , Sun Lang , Jiao Yanan , Meng Yuan , Chen Shuo , Chang Chao , Fan Chunhai
Published: September 2021

An ultra-sensitive THz metasensor is presented based on quasi-BIC Fano resonance, which can distinguish extremely dilute concentrations (nM) of solutions. It provides a nondestructive sensing approach for disease prevention and diagnosis.
Black phosphorus mediated photoporation: a broad absorption nanoplatform for intracellular delivery of macromolecules
Authors: Wang Jielin , Harizaj Aranit , Wu Yongbo , Jiang Xiaofang , Brans Toon , Fraire Juan C. , Mejía Morales Julián , De Smedt Stefaan C. , Tang Zhilie , Xiong Ranhua , Braeckmans Kevin
Published: September 2021

Black phosphorus mediated photoporation for intracellular delivery of RNA macromolecules.
Chemoselective acylation of N-acylglutarimides with N-acylpyrroles and aryl esters under transition-metal-free conditions
Authors: Li Jie , Yao Jiaqi , Chen Lingfeng , Zou Dong , Walsh Patrick J. , Liang Guang
Published: September 2021

The imide moiety is a well-known structural motif in bioactive compounds and a useful building block in a variety of processes.
Brønsted acid-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of in situ formed acyclic N,O-hemiaminals: cascade synthesis of chiral cyclic N,O-aminals
Authors: Lv Xue-Jiao , Ming Yong-Chao , Wu Hui-Chun , Liu Yan-Kai
Published: September 2021

A H2O controlled dynamic kinetic resolution was involved in a Brønsted acid-catalyzed acyclic N,O-hemiaminal formation/oxa-Michael reaction cascade, leading to highly enantioenriched cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans bearing an exo amide group.
Semi-synthetic puwainaphycin/minutissamide cyclic lipopeptides with improved antifungal activity and limited cytotoxicity
Authors: Hájek Jan , Bieringer Sebastian , Voráčová Kateřina , Macho Markéta , Saurav Kumar , Delawská Kateřina , Divoká Petra , Fišer Radovan , Mikušová Gabriela , Cheel José , Fewer David P. , Vu Dai Long , Paichlová Jindřiška , Riepl Herbert , Hrouzek Pavel
Published: September 2021

Both the substitution of free hydroxyl substituents and extending/branching of the fatty acid moiety improved the antifungal potency and limits the cytotoxicity of cyanobacterial cyclic lipopeptides puwainaphycin/minutissamides.
Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole-based conjugated polymers for bioimaging in the short-wave infrared region
Authors: Gu Chuantao , Wang Haicheng , Wang Xiaoxia , Wen Shuguang , Liu Xiaoguang , Tan Weiqiang , Qiu Meng , Ma Jiping
Published: September 2021

A D–A type polymer with a SWIR fluorescence quantum efficiency of 4.4% was obtained after structural optimization.
Microkinetic and sensitivity analysis of oxidative dry reforming of methane on Ni–Co catalyst using a reaction mechanism based on Ni
Authors: Russel A. S. , Chaudhary Puneet Kumar , Jain Pulkit , Deo Goutam
Published: September 2021

Microkinetic modelling performed for ODRM reaction. Effects of temperature and space–time variations match well with experimental data. Sensitivity analysis was performed to provide a reduced mechanism.
A pH-sensitive T7 peptide-decorated liposome system for HER2 inhibitor extracellular delivery: an application for the efficient suppression of HER2+ breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Shuangshuang , Sun Qiaomei , Peng Xu , Gan Na , Zhao Ludan , Suo Zili , Zhao Gang , Li Hui
Published: September 2021

An in vivo active-targeted transportation of T7-LP@LAP and acid-triggered drug release on the outer surface of HER2+ breast cancer cells.
Crystallographic approach to fragment-based hit discovery against Schistosoma mansoni purine nucleoside phosphorylase
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Fonseca Valadares Napoleão , Brandão-Neto José , Bellini Dom , Collins Patrick , Pearce Nicholas M. , Bird Louise , Roberta Torini Juliana , Owens Raymond , DMuniz Pereira Humberto , Von Delft Frank , Barbosa João Alexandre Ribeiro Gonçalves
Published: September 2021

Several Schistosoma species cause Schistosomiasis, an endemic disease in 78 countries that is ranked second amongst the parasitic diseases in terms of its socioeconomic impact and human health importance. The drug recommended for treatment by the WHO is praziquantel (PZQ), but there are concerns associated with PZQ, such as the lack of information about its exact mechanism of action, its high price, its effectiveness — which is limited to the parasite's adult form — and reports of resistance. The parasites lack the de novo purine pathway, rendering them dependent on the purine salvage pathway or host purine bases for nucleotide synthesis. Thus, the Schistosoma purine salvage pathway is an attractive target for the development of necessary and selective new drugs. In this study, the purine nucleotide phosphorylase II (PNP2), a new isoform of PNP1, was submitted to a high-throughput fragment-based hit discovery using a crystallographic screening strategy. PNP2 was crystallized and crystals were soaked with 827 fragments, a subset of the Maybridge 1000 library. X-ray diffraction data was collected and structures were solved. Out of 827-screened fragments we have obtained a total of 19 fragments that show binding to PNP2. Fourteen of these fragments bind to the active site of PNP2, while five were observed in three other sites. Here we present the first fragment screening against PNP2.
Collaborative Goal Setting: A Clinical Approach for Adults With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Brown Jessica , Ackley Kristen , Knollman-Porter Kelly
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have many available procedural options when setting treatment goals. Extant literature supports goal setting protocols that include and value the perspectives of the client; however, in practice, rehabilitation professionals may lean toward expert models of care when planning treatment. Our purpose is to describe a newly developed approach for SLPs and individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) to work together to build meaningful, relevant goals.

Method

We utilized a multiple case study format to exemplify goal setting procedures. Specifically, we describe procedures and outcomes for a 29-year-old female 28 days postinjury and a 70-year-old male 9 months postinjury.

Results

Clients who engaged in this protocol worked collaboratively with a clinician to identify strengths and challenges postinjury, select and prioritize goal areas, and discuss and develop meaningful, personalized treatment activities. For both participants, use of the proposed protocol resulted in meaningful goals that addressed their self-reported deficits as well as their respective cognitive–linguistic deficits noted on objective, standardized measures.

Conclusions

Clinician and client collaboration during treatment goal development can facilitate increased client motivation and functional outcomes. The described approach is feasible from a clinical resource standpoint and promotes a systematic approach to placing the client at the forefront of clinical decision making to enhance therapeutic gains. Such client-centered approaches may be particularly valuable for individuals with mTBI who experience substantial cognitive and communicative challenges but may maintain high levels of self-awareness postinjury.
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Liu A. , Bulbul E. , Ghirardini V. , Liu T. , Klein M. , Clerc N. , Özsoy Y. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Pacaud F. , Comparat J. , Okabe N. , Bahar Y. E. , Biffi V. , Brunner H. , Brüggen M. , Buchner J. , Ider Chitham J. , Chiu I. , Dolag K. , Gatuzz E. , Gonzalez J. , Hoang D. N. , Lamer G. , Merloni A. , Nandra K. , Oguri M. , Ota N. , Predehl P. , Reiprich T. H. , Salvato M. , Schrabback T. , Sanders J. S. , Seppi R. , Thibaud Q.
Published: September 2021

Aims.The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey has been carried out during the performance verification phase of the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma/eROSITA telescope and was completed in November 2019. This survey is designed to provide the first eROSITA-selected sample of clusters and groups and to test the predictions for the all-sky survey in the context of cosmological studies with clusters of galaxies.

Methods.In the area of ~140 square degrees covered by eFEDS, 542 candidate clusters and groups of galaxies were detected as extended X-ray sources with theeSASSsource detection algorithm. We performed imaging and spectral analysis of the 542 cluster candidates with eROSITA X-ray data and studied the properties of the sample.

Results.We provide the catalog of candidate galaxy clusters and groups detected by eROSITA in the eFEDS field down to a flux of ~10–14erg s–1cm–2in the soft band (0.5–2 keV) within 1’. The clusters are distributed in the redshift range ɀ=[0.01, 1.3] with a median redshift ɀmedian= 0.35. With eROSITA X-ray data, we measured the temperature of the intracluster medium within two radii, 300 kpc and 500 kpc, and constrained the temperature with >2σconfidence level for ~1/5 (102 out of 542) of the sample. The average temperature of these clusters is ~2 keV. Radial profiles of flux, luminosity, electron density, and gas mass were measured from the precise modeling of the imaging data. The selection function, the purity, and the completeness of the catalog are examined and discussed in detail. The contamination fraction is ~1/5 in this sample and is dominated by misidentified point sources. The X-ray luminosity function of the clusters agrees well with the results obtained from other recent X-ray surveys. We also find 19 supercluster candidates in this field, most of which are located at redshifts between 0.1 and 0.5, including one cluster at ɀ ~ 0.36 that was presented previously.

Conclusions.The eFEDS cluster and group catalog at the final eRASS equatorial depth provides a benchmark proof of concept for the eROSITA All-Sky Survey extended source detection and characterization. We confirm the excellent performance of eROSITA for cluster science and expect no significant deviations from our pre-launch expectations for the final all-sky survey.
SRG X-ray orbital observatory
Authors: Sunyaev R. , Arefiev V. , Babyshkin V. , Bogomolov A. , Borisov K. , Buntov M. , Brunner H. , Burenin R. , Churazov E. , Coutinho D. , Eder J. , Eismont N. , Freyberg M. , Gilfanov M. , Gureyev P. , Hasinger G. , Khabibullin I. , Kolmykov V. , Komovkin S. , Krivonos R. , Lapshov I. , Levin V. , Lomakin I. , Lutovinov A. , Medvedev P. , Merloni A. , Mernik T. , Mikhailov E. , Molodtsov V. , Mzhelsky P. , Müller S. , Nandra K. , Nazarov V. , Pavlinsky M. , Poghodin A. , Predehl P. , Robrade J. , Sazonov S. , Scheuerle H. , Shirshakov A. , Tkachenko A. , Voron V.
Published: September 2021

The orbital observatory Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG), equipped with the grazing-incidence X-ray telescopes Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC and eROSITA, was launched by Roscosmos to the Lagrange L2 point of the Sun–Earth system on July 13, 2019. The launch was carried out from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by a Proton-M rocket with a DM-03 upper stage. The German telescope eROSITA was installed on SRG under an agreement between Roskosmos and the DLR, the German Aerospace Agency. In December 2019, SRG started to perform its main scientific task: scanning the celestial sphere to obtain X-ray maps of the entire sky in several energy ranges (from 0.2 to 8 keV with eROSITA, and from 4 to 30 keV with ART-XC). By mid-June 2021, the third six-month all-sky survey had been completed. Over a period of four years, it is planned to obtain eight independent maps of the entire sky in each of the energy ranges. The sum of these maps will provide high sensitivity and reveal more than three million quasars and over one hundred thousand massive galaxy clusters and galaxy groups. The availability of eight sky maps will enable monitoring of long-term variability (every six months) of a huge number of extragalactic and Galactic X-ray sources, including hundreds of thousands of stars with hot coronae. In addition, the rotation of the satellite around the axis directed toward the Sun with a period of four hours enables tracking the faster variability of bright X-ray sources during one day every half year. The chosen strategy of scanning the sky leads to the formation of deep survey zones near both ecliptic poles. The paper presents sky maps obtained by the telescopes on board SRG during the first survey of the entire sky and a number of results of deep observations performed during the flight to the L2 point in the frame of the performance verification program, demonstrating the capabilities of the observatory in imaging, spectroscopy, and timing of X-ray sources. It is planned that in December 2023, the observatory will for at least two years switch to observations of the most interesting sources in the sky in triaxial orientation mode and deep scanning of selected celestial fields with an area of up to 150 square degrees. These modes of operation were tested during the performance verification phase. Every day, data from the SRG observatory are dumped onto the largest antennas of the Russian Deep Space Network in Bear Lakes and near Ussuriysk.
Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge as traced by microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars
Authors: Bensby T. , Gould A. , Asplund M. , Feltzing S. , Meléndez J. , Johnson J. A. , Lucatello S. , Udalski A. , Yee J. C.
Published: September 2021

Context. Next to H and He, carbon is, together with oxygen, the most abundant element in the Universe and widely used when modelling the formation and evolution of galaxies and their stellar populations. For the Milky Way bulge, there are currently essentially no measurements of carbon in un-evolved stars, hampering our abilities to properly compare Galactic chemical evolution models to observational data for this still enigmatic stellar population.

Aims. We aim to determine carbon abundances for our sample of 91 microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars in the Galactic bulge. Together with new determinations for oxygen this forms the first statistically significant sample of bulge stars that have C and O abundances measured, and for which the C abundances have not been altered by the nuclear burning processes internal to the stars.

Methods. Our analysis is based on high-resolution spectra for a sample of 91 dwarf and subgiant stars that were obtained during microlensing events when the brightnesses of the stars were highly magnified. Carbon abundances were determined through spectral line synthesis of six C I lines around 9100 Å, and oxygen abundances using the three O I lines at about 7770 Å. One-dimensional (1D) MARCS model stellar atmospheres calculated under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) were used, and non-LTE corrections were applied when calculating the synthetic spectra for both C and O.

Results. Carbon abundances was possible to determine for 70 of the 91 stars in the sample and oxygen abundances for 88 of the 91 stars in the sample. The [C/Fe] ratio evolves essentially in lockstep with [Fe/H], centred around solar values at all [Fe/H]. The [O/Fe]–[Fe/H] trend has an appearance very similar to that observed for other α-elements in the bulge, with the exception of a continued decrease in [O/Fe] at super-solar [Fe/H], where other α-elements tend to level out. When dividing the bulge sample into two sub-groups, one younger than 8 Gyr and one older than 8 Gyr, the stars in the two groups follow exactly the elemental abundance trends defined by the solar neighbourhood thin and thick disks, respectively. Comparisons with recent models of Galactic chemical evolution in the [C/O]–[O/H] plane show that the models that best match the data are the ones that have been calculated with the Galactic thin and thick disks in mind.

Conclusions. We conclude that carbon, oxygen, and the combination of the two support the idea that the majority of the stars in the Galactic bulge have a secular origin; that is, they are formed from disk material. We cannot exclude that a fraction of stars in the bulge could be classified as a classical bulge population, but it would have to be small. More dedicated and advanced models of the inner region of the Milky Way are needed to make more detailed comparisons to the observations.
Study of PVI-based diagnostics for 1D time-series in space plasma
Authors: Finelli F. , Perri S. , Sisti M. , Califano F.
Published: September 2021

Context. In the last few decades, increasing evidence has been found in both numerical studies and high-resolution in situ data that magnetic turbulence spontaneously generates coherent structures over a broad range of scales. Those structures play a key role in energy conversion because they are sites where magnetic energy is locally dissipated in plasma heating and particle energization. How much turbulent energy is dissipated via processes such as magnetic reconnection of thin coherent structures, namely current sheets, remains an open question.

Aims. We aim to develop semi-automated methods for detecting reconnection sites over multiple spatial scales. This is indeed pivotal in advancing our knowledge of plasma dissipation mechanisms and for future applications to space data.

Methods. By means of hybrid–Vlasov–Maxwell 2D–3V simulations, we combine three methods based on the partial variance of increments measured at a broad range of spatial scales and on the current density, which together, and in a synergistic way, provide indications as to the presence of sites of magnetic reconnection. We adopt the virtual satellite method, which in upcoming works will allow us to easily extend this analysis to in situ time-series.

Results. We show how combining standard threshold analysis to a 2D scalogram based on magnetic field increments represents an efficient diagnostic for recognizing reconnecting structure in 1D spatial- and time-series. This analysis can serve as input to automated machine-learning algorithms.
Biomarker-stratifizierte Therapie des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms
Authors: Griesinger Frank , Thomas Michael
Published: September 2021

Die Behandlung des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms (NSCLC) sollte in der palliativen Situation auf Basis von Biomarkern erfolgen. Hierzu wäre eine Testung aller Patienten im Stadium IV notwendig und in absehbarer Zeit auch in den frühen Stadien bedeutsam. In einer Konferenz unter Schirmherrschaft der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft war eine sog. „Reflextestung“, unabhängig vom Tumorstadium, jedoch nicht konsensfähig. Der Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse zusammen und diskutiert Wege zur effizienten Biomarker-Analyse beim NSCLC.
Terminservicestellen für die fachärztliche
Terminvermittlung – Wie wirksam sind sie wirklich?
Authors: Sobiech-Eruhimovic Bella , Militzer-Horstmann Carsta , Martin David
Published: September 2021

Einleitung Zur Reduktion von Wartezeiten im ambulanten
fachärztlichen Bereich sind seit dem 23.01.2016 Terminservicestellen
(TSS) aktiv. Diese sollen Facharzttermine mit Dringlichkeitsüberweisung
telefonisch innerhalb von vier Wochen an gesetzlich Versicherte vermitteln. Die
Studie präsentiert erstmalig eine Analyse des Buchungsverhaltens der TSS
für die fachärztliche Vermittlung (VM) in Westfalen-Lippe (WL),
sowie einen Vergleich des Anteils der Facharztgruppen (FG) bei
fachärztlichen Überweisungen (ÜW) an den
Gesamtfacharztüberweisungen (GFA-ÜW) mit dem Anteil der
jeweiligen FG an den fachärztlichen TSS-Vermittlungen (TSS-VM). Zudem
stellt sie die Leistungen der Nervenärzte auf Basis von ÜW mit
TSS-VM denjenigen ohne TSS-VM gegenüber.

Methode Für die Evaluation der Entwicklung der TSS-VM wurden die
Buchungsdaten der TSS vom zweiten Quartal 2016 bis zum dritten Quartal 2019
ausgewertet. Aufgrund eines fehlenden Schlüssels zur Verknüpfung
der TSS- und Abrechnungsdaten erfolgte die Bestimmung des Leistungsspektrums der
TSS-VM mittels eines selbstentwickelten Algorithmus, indem 24.286.157
Abrechnungsdatensätze mit 12.648 fachärztlichen
TSS-Datensätzen der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung WL abgeglichen
wurden.

Ergebnis Für 84% der (größtenteils zwischen
35-59-jährigen) Anrufer mit VM-Anspruch kommt es zu einer TSS-VM mit
durchschnittlich 21 Tagen Wartezeit. Am häufigsten werden Termine bei
den Bedarfsplanungsgruppen Nervenärzten (insbes. Neurologen),
Fachinternisten und Radiologen vermittelt. 45% der TSS-VM erfolgen zu
Nervenärzten, obwohl diese nur 4% der GFA-ÜW in WL
ausmachen. Es gibt nur wenige Unterschiede in der Leistungsinanspruchnahme bei
Nervenarztterminen mit und ohne TSS-VM. Statistisch signifikant ist die
höhere Inanspruchnahme der psychotherapeutischen Erstabklärung
im Rahmen der TSS-VM. Der Effekt ist jedoch klein.

Schlussfolgerungen Die TSS in WL kann ihren Auftrag zur VM von dringenden
Facharztterminen gesetzlich Versicherter erfüllen, auch wenn ihre
Nutzung recht gering (0,19% der GFA-ÜW) ist. Die
durchschnittliche Wartezeit bei den TSS-VM liegt deutlich unter der gesetzlich
vorgegebenen. Patienten beziehen jedoch auch weitere Faktoren in die
Terminfindung mit ein. Auch wenn der Nutzen der TSS insbesondere für
drei FG darstellbar ist, sollte weiter diskutiert werden, ob die TSS in der
bisherigen Ausgestaltung sinnvoll sind. Die vorliegende Studie liefert sowohl
methodisch als auch inhaltlich eine Evaluationsbasis und erste Impulse
für eine Endscheidungsfindung.
Prognostic factors associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding based on the French multicenter SANGHRIA trial
Authors: Quentin Vincent , Remy André-Jean , Macaigne Gilles , Leblanc-Boubchir Rachida , Arpurt Jean-Pierre , Prieto Marc , Koudougou Carelle , Tsakiris Laurent , Grasset Denis , Vitte René-Louis , Cuen David , Verlynde Juliette , Elriz Khaldoun , Ripault Marie-Pierre , Ehrhard Florent , Baconnier Mathieu , Herrmann Sofia , Talbodec Nathalie , Lam You-Heng , Bideau Karine , Costes Laurent , Skinazi Florence , Touze Ivan , Heresbach Denis , Lahmek Pierre , Nahon Stéphane ,   Members of the Association Nationale des Hépato-gastroentérologues des Hôpitaux Généraux (ANGH) SANGHRIA Study Group
Published: September 2021

Background and study aims Prognostic and risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) might have changed overtime because of the increased use of direct oral anticoagulants and improved gastroenterological care. This study was undertaken to assess the outcomes of UGIB in light of these new determinants by establishing a new national, multicenter cohort 10 years after the first.

Methods Consecutive outpatients and inpatients with UGIB symptoms consulting at 46 French general hospitals were prospectively included between November 2017 and October 2018. They were followed for at least for 6 weeks to assess 6-week rebleeding and mortality rates and factors associated with each event.

Results Among the 2498 enrolled patients (mean age 68.5 [16.3] years, 67.1 % men), 74.5 % were outpatients and 21 % had cirrhosis. Median Charlson score was 2 (IQR 1–4) and Rockall score was 5 (IQR 3–6). Within 24 hours, 83.4 % of the patients underwent endoscopy. The main causes of bleeding were peptic ulcers (44.9 %) and portal hypertension (18.9 %). The early in-hospital rebleeding rate was 10.5 %. The 6-week mortality rate was 12.5 %. Predictors significantly associated with 6-week mortality were initial transfusion (OR 1.54; 95 %CI 1.04–2.28), Charlson score > 4 (OR 1.80; 95 %CI 1.31–2.48), Rockall score > 5 (OR 1.98; 95 %CI 1.39–2.80), being an inpatient (OR 2.45; 95 %CI 1.76–3.41) and rebleeding (OR 2.6; 95 %CI 1.85–3.64). Anticoagulant therapy was not associated with dreaded outcomes.

Conclusions The 6-week mortality rate remained high after UGIB, especially for inpatients. Predictors of mortality underlined the weight of comorbidities on outcomes.
Auswirkungen der Corona Pandemie auf die Notfallversorgung im
Kindesalter und die zeitliche Entwicklung im Verlauf der
Pandemie.
Authors: Elrod Julia , Mahaleh Simin , Mohr Christoph , Boettcher Michael , Dietze Nina , Hübner Uwe , Koch Bernward , Steinbrink Annika , Harandipour Nasanin , Gräfin von Waldersee Elisabeth , Shahsavari Sadaf , Reinshagen Konrad , Königs Ingo
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Die COVID-19 Pandemie hat zu massiven gesellschaftlichen
und wirtschaftlichen Einschränkungen geführt. Im Kindesalter
wurden elektive Vorsorgeuntersuchung oftmals nicht wahrgenommen und es
zeigte sich eine Reduktion der Zahl der Notfallvorstellungen.

Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie erfolgte eine
quantitative Auswertung aller Notfallpatienten der 5 Kindernotaufnahmen
Hamburgs und der Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxen der Jahre 2019 und 2020.
Zusätzlich erfolgte die detaillierte Analyse der Notfallbehandlungen
des Altonaer Kinderkrankenhauses während der ersten Phase der
Pandemie im Vergleich zum Vorjahr. Zusammenhänge zu den Eckpunkten
der Pandemieentwicklung wurden analysiert. Die Berechnung signifikanter
Unterschiede in Bezug auf die demographischen Daten und Krankheitsbilder
erfolgte mittels Chi- Quadrat und t-Test.

Ergebnisse In allen 5 pädiatrischen Notaufnahmen Hamburgs
zeigte sich eine nahezu gleichförmige Abnahme der
Patientenvorstellungen während der Pandemie, ähnlich in den
Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxen. Die Zahl der Behandlungen verhielt sich dabei
nicht streng gegenläufig zu den Neuinfektionen, sondern korreliert
eher mit den Mobilitätsdaten und entsprach somit den
gesamtgesellschaftlichen Veränderungen. Während der Pandemie
stieg der Anteil häuslicher Unfälle an der Gesamtzahl der
Vorstellungen signifikant an. Die Analyse der Diagnosen zeigte unter anderem
eine relative Abnahme von (viralen) Infektionskrankheiten. Nicht
behandlungspflichtige Erkrankungen führten in der Pandemie seltener
zur Vorstellung. Diese Phänomene entlasteten einerseits die
Notaufnahmen, bergen aber auch die Gefahr, dass Erkrankungen durch Eltern
falsch eingeschätzt werden und eine notwendige ärztliche
Vorstellung somit zu spät erfolgt.
Assessment of a new score for capsule endoscopy in pediatric Crohnʼs disease (CE-CD)
Authors: Oliva Salvatore , Veraldi Silvio , Cucchiara Salvatore , Russo Giusy , Spagnoli Alessandra , Cohen Stanley Allen
Published: September 2021

Background and study aims Two scores have been implemented to standardize capsule endoscopic (CE) findings in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD): Lewis score (LS) and Capsule Endoscopy Crohnʼs Disease Activity Index (CECDAI). Both have limitations and are not well validated in the pediatric population. The aim of our study was to assess a new score (capsule endoscopy – Crohn’s disease index, CE-CD) in pediatric patients with CD and to compare it to preexisting scores.

Patients and methods This was a double-center, retrospective study involving pediatric subjects with CD who underwent CE. Correlation analyses between CE-CD, endoscopy scores and noninvasive markers of disease activities were performed. The ability of different CE scores to predict clinical and endoscopic outcomes was evaluated with regression and survival analyses.

Results A total of 312 subjects were analyzed. The CE-CD score showed a moderate (Pearson’s r = 0.581, P < 0.001) and strong (r = 0.909, P < 0.001) association with LS and CECDAI, respectively. CE-CD was a statistically significant predictor of hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR]1.061), treatment escalation (HR 1.062), steroid therapy (HR 1.082), clinical (HR 1.064) and endoscopic (HR 1.060) relapse over the twenty-four months (P < 0.001). Subjects with mucosal inflammation according to CE-CD (CE-CD ≥ 9) had worse outcomes compared to patients without inflammation (CE-CD < 9) (Log rang test < 0.001).

Conclusions The CE-CD score is a simple, reliable, reproducible, and predictive score for evaluation of small bowel inflammation in pediatric patients with CD. Prospective validation is needed to confirm the applicability of this new index in clinical practice.
A prospective study on quality in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): trend in Italy from the REQUEST study
Authors: Donato Giulio , Occhipinti Pietro , Correale Loredana , Spadaccini Marco , Repici Alessandro , Anderloni Andrea , Fugazza Alessandro , Mosca Piergiorgio , Tringali Andrea , Costamagna Guido , Bulajic Milutin , de Pretis Giovanni , Gabbrielli Armando , Di Matteo Francesco Maria , Faggiani Roberto , Ayoubi Mohammad , De Luca Luca , Cantù Paolo , Blois Matteo , Dell’Amico Iginio , Maurano Attilio , Savarese Maria Flavia , Manes Giampiero , Ferraro Raffaella , Barberis Mauro , Hassan Cesare ,   The REQUEST Group
Published: September 2021

Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a complex procedure with a relatively high rate of adverse events. Data on training of operators and fulfillment of quality indicators in Italy are scarce. The goal of this study was to assess the overall quality of ERCP in Italy compared to international standards.

Patients and methods This was a prospective, observational study from different Italian centers performing ERCP. Operators answered a questionnaire, then recorded data on ERCPs over a 1-to 3-month period.

Results Nineteen Italian centers participated in the study. The most common concern of operators about training was the lack of structured programs. Seven/19 centers routinely used conscious sedation for ERCP. Forty-one experienced operators and 21 trainees performed 766 ERCPs: a successful deep biliary cannulation in native-papilla patients was achieved in 95.1 % of cases; the post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) rate was 5.4 % in native-papilla patients; cholangitis rate was 1.0 %; bleeding and perforation occurred in 2.7 % and 0.4 % of the patients, respectively.

Conclusions This study revealed that, overall, ERCP is performed in the participating Italian centers meeting good quality standards, but structured training and sedation practice are still subpar. The bleeding and perforation rate slightly exceeded the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy indicator targets but they are comparable to the reported rates from other international surveys.
Reliability of Corneal, Epithelial, and Stromal Thickness Mapping for a 9-mm Zone Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Krause Daniel , Mohr Niklas , Shajari Mehdi , Mayer Wolfgang J. , Priglinger Siegfried , Luft Nikolaus
Published: September 2021

Purpose To evaluate the reliability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; RTVue XR; Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) for thickness mapping of the entire cornea (CT), corneal epithelium (ET). and corneal stroma (ST) over a 9-mm zone in healthy eyes. We sought to develop reference values for different age groups and elucidate potential sex- and age-dependent characteristics of corneal sublayer pachymetry maps.

Methods Three consecutive SD-OCT scans were obtained in 166 healthy right eyes (mean age = 50 ± 20 years). The thickness maps contain 25 sectors over a 9-mm diameter zone. To test measurement reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CoV), and within-subject standard deviations (WSSD) were calculated.

Results CT, ET, and ST ICCs ranged from 0.961 to 0.998, 0.896 to 0.945, and 0.955 to 0.998, respectively. CoV values for CT, ET, and ST ranged between 0.3 and 1.5%, 1.6 and 4.2%, and 0.4 and 1.7%, respectively. WSSD ranged from 6 to 41, 4 to 8, and 7 to 46 µm, respectively. A negative correlation was found between age and ET (p < 0.05) but not between age and ST or CT. No gender-related differences in CT, ET, or ST were detected. CoV of CT, ET, and ST measurements showed a positive correlation with age in 28, 64, and 28% of the sectors, respectively.

Conclusion SD-OCT is a rapid and noninvasive technique that provides excellent reliability for corneal sublayer thickness measurements over a 9-mm zone. The reliability of the ET measurement seems to be negatively affected by age. Peripheral CT and global ET thin with age.
Ernährungsarmut bei Kindern – Ursachen, Folgen, COVID-19
Authors: Biesalski Hans Konrad
Published: September 2021

Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie hat zu lang anhaltenden Beschränkungen geführt, die vor allem Kinder in armen Familien besonders betrafen. Nicht nur der psychische Druck, die fehlenden sozialen Kontakte, die immer wieder kommuniziert werden, sondern auch eine unzureichende Ernährung hat Folgen für die Kinder. Letzteres wird aber bisher übersehen, da schwer vorstellbar. Kinder aus armen Verhältnissen sind bereits vor den Schließungen der Schulen und damit auch der Schulmensen in vielen Fällen nicht ausreichend ernährt. Eine gesunde Ernährung, wie sie Kinder vor allem in den Entwicklungsphasen brauchen, kann mit den verfügbaren Mitteln des ALGII nicht finanziert werden. Kommt eine Lockdown-Situation dazu, so wird der finanzielle Rahmen für Lebensmittel noch enger und die ausfallende Schulverpflegung verschärft die Situation einer Mangelernährung bei Kindern aus armen Verhältnissen. In Deutschland sind dies derzeit 21 %, die vorwiegend bei alleinerziehenden Müttern (53 %) leben. Die Folgen sind auch in Deutschland sichtbar, Wachstumsverzögerung und eingeschränkte kognitive Entwicklung. Ursache sind fehlende Mikronährstoffe (Eisen, Zink, Jod, Vitamin D), die für die körperliche und kognitive Entwicklung gebraucht werden. Die Erhöhung des Tagessatzes für Ernährung (4,01 €) auf 5,50 € ist ebenso eine dringend gebotene Maßnahme, wie eine Alternative zur Schulspeisung, wenn die Schulen geschlossen sind.