bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Interventions to Reduce Preventable Hospital Readmission After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Tanguturi Varsha K. , Temin Elizabeth , Yeh Robert W. , Thompson Ryan W. , Rao Sandhya K. , Mallick Aditi , Cavallo Elena , Ferris Timothy G. , Wasfy Jason H.
Published: August 2016

Hospital readmissions are common and costly and, in some cases, may be related to problems with care processes. We sought to reduce readmissions after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a large tertiary care facility through programs to target vulnerabilities predischarge, after discharge, and during re-presentation to the emergency department. During initial hospitalization, we assessed patients’ readmission risk with a validated risk score and used a discharge checklist to ensure access to appropriate medications and close follow-up for high-risk patients. We also developed patient education videos about chest discomfort and heart failure. After discharge, we established a new follow-up clinic with cardiology fellows. A computerized system was developed to automatically notify cardiologists when patients presented to the emergency department within 30 days of PCI to enhance patient access to cardiology care in the emergency department. Early cardiologist assessment and assistance with triage was encouraged, and the emergency department used a risk stratification algorithm derived from a local database of patients to triage patients presenting with chest discomfort after PCI. We tracked the number of patients readmitted after PCI to our hospital. With our interventions, from 2011 to 2015, the index hospital readmission rate has declined from 9.6% to 5.3%. This program could provide tangible structural changes that can be implemented in other healthcare centers, both reducing the cost of care and improving the quality of care for patients with PCI.
Interoperable Performance Research: Promises and Perils of the Semantic Web
Authors: Varela Miguel Escobar
Published: August 2016

The semantic web is a family of web technologies that allow users to tag and retrieve resources (such as images, videos, and texts) in complex ways. Could theatre and performance research become more “international” if performance data (i.e., academic articles and multimedia corpora) could be freely accessed and combined by anyone with an internet connection? Open access policies and semantic web technologies could allow any resource to be tagged and linked together from a multiplicity of perspectives, requiring complex institutional changes that are probably neither feasible nor desirable.
Message Send Failure: Site-Unspecificity in Plant Theater’s Dreams of Riley’s Friends; or, Why Won’t Riley Respond to My Texts?
Authors: Schotzko T. Nikki Cesare
Published: August 2016

The choices audiences make in “self-scheduled” smartphone plays inevitably inform their experiences. How does the lack of site-specificity in these works that take place exclusively through mobile technologies enable a greater sense of intimacy between dis-placed actor and audience? And how do these plays challenge the self-surveillance mechanisms embedded within social media technologies, even as they exploit them?
The Audience Is the Message: Blast Theory’s App-Drama Karen
Authors: Mee Erin B.
Published: August 2016

“App-drama” is a new theatrical genre that exists in the liminal space between live performance and electronic prerecording. Karen uses the data participants provide to tailor her conversations to the participant in a participatory smartphone theatre production/game/film about the virtual relationships we create by oversharing private information in virtual spaces.
Artaud and the Pentagon’s “Save the Sperm and Eggs” Program
Authors: Schechter Joel
Published: August 2016

Perhaps now is the time to restage Artaud’s poem, “To Have Done with the Judgment of God,” in response to a new Pentagon program for American soldiers.
Learning Polychronous Neuronal Groups Using Joint Weight-Delay Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity
Authors: Sun Haoqi , Sourina Olga , Huang Guang-Bin
Published: August 2016

Polychronous neuronal group (PNG), a type of cell assembly, is one of the putative mechanisms for neural information representation. According to the reader-centric definition, some readout neurons can become selective to the information represented by polychronous neuronal groups under ongoing activity. Here, in computational models, we show that the frequently activated polychronous neuronal groups can be learned by readout neurons with joint weight-delay spike-timing-dependent plasticity. The identity of neurons in the group and their expected spike timing at millisecond scale can be recovered from the incoming weights and delays of the readout neurons. The detection performance can be further improved by two layers of readout neurons. In this way, the detection of polychronous neuronal groups becomes an intrinsic part of the network, and the readout neurons become differentiated members in the group to indicate whether subsets of the group have been activated according to their spike timing. The readout spikes representing this information can be used to analyze how PNGs interact with each other or propagate to downstream networks for higher-level processing.
Presynaptic Spontaneous Activity Enhances the Accuracy of Latency Coding
Authors: Levakova Marie , Tamborrino Massimiliano , Kostal Lubomir , Lansky Petr
Published: August 2016

The time to the first spike after stimulus onset typically varies with the stimulation intensity. Experimental evidence suggests that neural systems use such response latency to encode information about the stimulus. We investigate the decoding accuracy of the latency code in relation to the level of noise in the form of presynaptic spontaneous activity. Paradoxically, the optimal performance is achieved at a nonzero level of noise and suprathreshold stimulus intensities. We argue that this phenomenon results from the influence of the spontaneous activity on the stabilization of the membrane potential in the absence of stimulation. The reported decoding accuracy improvement represents a novel manifestation of the noise-aided signal enhancement.
Hearing Tried People in International Criminal Justice: Sympathy for the Devil?
Authors: Devresse Marie-Sophie , Scalia Damien
Published: August 2016

By considering critics of research studies which take into consideration the ‘voice of prosecuted people’ before international criminal tribunals, this contribution develops a theoretical argument that would justify the recourse to the penal experience of prosecuted people in order to analyse the rationality and impact of international criminal justice. Our reasoning, based on conceptual landmarks drawn from the social sciences, allows us also to support a specific approach to the legal process as phenomenon. It is therefore not only addressed to sociologists, social psychologists and criminologists, but also to lawyers, who are, considering the foundations of their field, probably the most resistant to our perspective. The article expounds the necessity to establish a new approach: the respondents’ approach.
No longer shipwrecked—Selkirkia (Boraginaceae) back on the mainland with generic rearrangements in South American “Omphalodes” based on molecular data
Authors: HOLSTEIN NORBERT , CHACÓN JULIANA , HILGER HARTMUT H. , WEIGEND MAXIMILIAN
Published: August 2016

The genus Omphalodes (Boraginaceae) has recently been shown to be polyphyletic. Two distantly related lineages have already been segregated into the genera Memoremea (Central Europe) and Nihon (East Asia), respectively. We expanded the taxon sampling in the Omphalodeae and confirm that the genus is still paraphyletic to the two monotypic genera Selkirkia from the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile and Myosotidium from Chatham Island off the coast of New Zealand, plus two South American species currently assigned to Cynoglossum, and one species recently segregated from the latter genus as Mapuchea. Four clades are retrieved in a narrowly delimited Omphalodes group: 1) Iberodes, the annual southwestern European species of Omphalodes s.l. that have been recently segregated into this genus, 2) Omphalodes s.str., perennial western Eurasian species (including the type species of the genus), 3) the North American species of Omphalodes, and 4) the southern hemispheric Myosotidium as sister to a monophyletic group with Mapuchea plus the two other South American species of “Cynoglossum” and the island shrub Selkirkia berteroi. We argue that the taxa of this latter clade are best placed into an expanded genus Selkirkia. Selkirkia then represents a morphologically coherent entity with glochidiate nutlets. Its considerable difference in vegetative morphology to Myosotidium is easily explained by the highly divergent habitats the respective plants occupy. Lectotypifications, illustrations, and descriptions are provided for Myosotidium and the species of the expanded genus Selkirkia.
A new species of Skeletocutis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan of China
Authors: BIAN LU-SEN , ZHAO CHANG-LIN , WU FANG
Published: August 2016

A new species of Polyporales, named as Skeletocutis yunnanensis, was collected on angiosperm wood in northern Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It is described based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. The species belongs to the Skeletocutis subincarnata complex, but differs morphologically from all known species of the genus by white, cream to buff pores surface, angular pores mostly 5–6 per mm with entire mouths, a dimitic hyphal structure both in trama and subiculum, generative hyphae in whole basidiocarps covered by fine crystals, skeletal hyphae unchanged in KOH, not agglutinated, allantoid basidiospores measured as 3.5–4.5 × 1.0–1.2 µm, and growth on angiosperm wood. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal RNA gene regions indicated that the new species grouped with Skeletocutis and nested in the tyromyces clade.
Saprolegnia milanezii sp. nov., a new species of Saprolegniales (Oomycota, Straminipila) from Brazil
Authors: ROCHA SARAH CRISTINA OLIVEIRA , SANDOVAL-SIERRA JOSE V. , DIÉGUEZ-URIBEONDO JAVIER , GONÇALVES DANILO R. , JERÔNIMO GUSTAVO H. , JESUS ANA L. DE , MARANO AGOSTINA V. , PIRES-ZOTTARELLI CARMEN L. A.
Published: August 2016

Saprolegnia milanezii sp. nov. is described as a new species of the genus Saprolegnia (Saprolegniales, Oomycota). It has been collected from freshwater samples at “Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso”, Cananéia, São Paulo State, Brazil. This species is characterized by rare antheridia, extended stalk near the oogonial septum and subcentric oospores. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated ITS and LSU rDNA regions confirmed the position of this new species into the genus Saprolegnia as sister group of S. furcata.
Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Caenopangonia Kröber, 1930 (Diptera: Tabanidae)
Authors: KROLOW TIAGO KÜTTER , HENRIQUES AUGUSTO LOUREIRO , GONZÁLEZ CHRISTIAN R.
Published: August 2016

The Neotropical species of Caenopangonia Kröber are revised herein based on examination of external and internal morphology of type material and specimens from Argentina and Chile. Three currently valid species are recognized: Caenopangonia aspera (Philip, 1958), Caenopangonia brevirostris (Philippi, 1865), and Caenopangonia hirtipalpis (Bigot, 1892). Two new species are described, Caenopangonia cerdai n. sp. Krolow, Henriques & González (Chile, Chacabuco) and Caenopangonia coscaroni n. sp. Krolow, Henriques & González (Chile, Malleco). We provide diagnosis and/or descriptions, distribution records, illustrations and discussion for all species, as well a key for identification.
Odontotrypes (Odontotrupes) tawangensis new species (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: GUPTA DEVANSHU , CHANDRA KAILASH , HILLERT OLIVER
Published: August 2016

A new species of the genus Odontotrypes Fairmaire, 1887 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) belonging to the subgenus Odontotrupes Boucomont, 1905 is described from the Tawang district, State of Arunachal Pradesh (northeast India): Odontotrypes (Odontotrupes) tawangensis new species. Relevant diagnostic characters (pronotum, head, elytra, profemur, scutellar shield, and external male genitalia) are illustrated and compared with closely related species of this subgenus, in particular Odontotrypes (Odontotrupes) orichalceus (Fairmaire, 1895). The distribution of the new species is mapped.
A new species of Janusius Bretfeld, 2010 (Collembola, Sminthuridae) from the Korean Peninsula, with a key to the species of the genus
Authors: DÁNYI LÁSZLÓ , PARK KYUNG-HWA
Published: August 2016

Janusius geumgangensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on specimens from North Korea. The new species is characterised by having 3 spatulate chaetae on all tibiotarsus, 4 chaetae on retinaculum, smooth anal appendage, anterior chaetotaxy of dens 3,3,3,2,2,1,1, colouration with one pair brownish lateral spot and presence of mucronal chaeta. The genus Janusius Bretfeld, 2010 is first mentioned from the Korean Peninsula, although another species described from there as Sminthurus annulatus Kang & Lee, 2005 is recognised here as belonging to this genus (Janusius annulatus (Kang & Lee, 2005) comb. nov.), too. A key including all known species of the genus is presented as well.
Review of the plant bug genus Fingulus Distant in Indochina (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Deraeocorini), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: YASUNAGA TOMOHIDE , YAMADA KAZUTAKA , DUANGTHISAN JOMSURANG , ARTCHAWAKOM TAKSIN
Published: August 2016

The deraeocorine plant bug genus Fingulus Distant from Indochina is reviewed, diagnosed and discussed. Seven species are currently recognized, including two new species described herein: F. angkorensis and F. rubricatus from Cambodia and Thailand. Behavior and habitat of F. angkorensis are documented, which was observed to be associated with two anthocorids and a thrips in leaf margin curl-galls produced by the thrips on a banyan tree Ficus microcarpa. A checklist including two species of the assumed sister genus Angerianus Distant is provided, with available distributional records; images of two Angerianus species are also shown for the first time.
Two new species of South American Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)
Authors: PAULSEN M.J.
Published: August 2016

Two new species of South American Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) are described: Glaresis smithi Paulsen, new species from Argentina, and Glaresis mondacai Paulsen, new species from Chile and Peru. The species are compared to their closest congener, Glaresis fritzi Martínez et al., and a key is provided for the known South American species of the genus Glaresis Erichson.
Improved Climate Simulations through a Stochastic Parameterization of Ocean Eddies
Authors: Williams Paul D. , Howe Nicola J. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Smith Robin S. , Joshi Manoj M.
Published: August 2016

In climate simulations, the impacts of the subgrid scales on the resolved scales are conventionally represented using deterministic closure schemes, which assume that the impacts are uniquely determined by the resolved scales. Stochastic parameterization relaxes this assumption, by sampling the subgrid variability in a computationally inexpensive manner. This study shows that the simulated climatological state of the ocean is improved in many respects by implementing a simple stochastic parameterization of ocean eddies into a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model. Simulations from a high-resolution, eddy-permitting ocean model are used to calculate the eddy statistics needed to inject realistic stochastic noise into a low-resolution, non-eddy-permitting version of the same model. A suite of four stochastic experiments is then run to test the sensitivity of the simulated climate to the noise definition by varying the noise amplitude and decorrelation time within reasonable limits. The addition of zero-mean noise to the ocean temperature tendency is found to have a nonzero effect on the mean climate. Specifically, in terms of the ocean temperature and salinity fields both at the surface and at depth, the noise reduces many of the biases in the low-resolution model and causes it to more closely resemble the high-resolution model. The variability of the strength of the global ocean thermohaline circulation is also improved. It is concluded that stochastic ocean perturbations can yield reductions in climate model error that are comparable to those obtained by refining the resolution, but without the increased computational cost. Therefore, stochastic parameterizations of ocean eddies have the potential to significantly improve climate simulations.
An Independent Assessment of Anthropogenic Attribution Statements for Recent Extreme Temperature and Rainfall Events
Authors: Angélil Oliver , Stone Dáithí , Wehner Michael , Paciorek Christopher J. , Krishnan Harinarayan , Collins William
Published: August 2016

The annual “State of the Climate” report, published in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS), has included a supplement since 2011 composed of brief analyses of the human influence on recent major extreme weather events. There are now several dozen extreme weather events examined in these supplements, but these studies have all differed in their data sources as well as their approaches to defining the events, analyzing the events, and the consideration of the role of anthropogenic emissions. This study reexamines most of these events using a single analytical approach and a single set of climate model and observational data sources. In response to recent studies recommending the importance of using multiple methods for extreme weather event attribution, results are compared from these analyses to those reported in the BAMS supplements collectively, with the aim of characterizing the degree to which the lack of a common methodological framework may or may not influence overall conclusions. Results are broadly similar to those reported earlier for extreme temperature events but disagree for a number of extreme precipitation events. Based on this, it is advised that the lack of comprehensive uncertainty analysis in recent extreme weather attribution studies is important and should be considered when interpreting results, but as yet it has not introduced a systematic bias across these studies.
The Mixing Efficiency of Stratified Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Scotti Alberto , White Brian
Published: August 2016

The mixing efficiency observed in stratified turbulent boundary layers is considered within the framework of the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. It is shown that the efficiency within the layer increases with distance from the boundary. Near the boundary, the efficiency is proportional to the distance from the boundary scaled with the Monin–Obukhov length. Far from the boundary, the efficiency relaxes to a value that depends on the overall thickness of the layer relative to the Monin–Obukhov layer. This value approaches 1/6 when the thickness is larger than 1/2 of the Monin–Obukhov length. The same analysis shows that the buoyancy Reynolds number cannot be used to unequivocally predict the efficiency. The −1/2 scaling between the efficiency and buoyancy Reynolds number that has been observed in field measurements and experiments is shown to depend on an extra dimensional scale and thus is not universal.
Can PFTS Differentiate PVFMD From Subglottic Stenosis?
Authors: Soldatova Liuba , Hrelec Candace , Matrka Laura
Published: August 2016

Objective:

To determine if the results of routine spirometry and flow volume loops (Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)) can be used to distinguish Paradoxic Vocal Fold Movement Disorder (PVFMD) from Subglottic Stenosis (SGS).

Methods:

PFT records and medical history of 49 patients with diagnosis of PVFMD and 39 patients with SGS were compared. Groups were then subdivided to compare PFTs in patients with and without smoking history or lung disease.

Results:

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and Expiratory Disproportion Index (ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) over PEFR (FEV1/PEFR)) were both significantly different between patients with SGS and those with PVFMD ( p<0.02). FEV1 was also significantly different, but only in the patients with no smoking history or lung disease ( p<0.02).

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that spirometry can be a valuable tool in distinguishing SGS from PVFMD. Previous studies have shown the utility of PFTs for distinguishing SGS from pulmonary pathology, but this is the first study to exploit PFTs for distinction of SGS from PVFMD. Given that the flexible laryngoscopic exam used to diagnose PVFMD does not always visualize the subglottis completely, PFTs can be used to increase suspicion of SGS and direct further work-up.
Frequency of KLK3 gene deletions in the general population
Authors: Rodriguez Santiago , Al-Ghamdi Osama A , Guthrie Philip AI , Shihab Hashem A , McArdle Wendy , Gaunt Tom , Alharbi Khalid K , Day Ian NM
Published: August 2016

Background

One of the kallikrein genes ( KLK3) encodes prostate-specific antigen, a key biomarker for prostate cancer. A number of factors, both genetic and non-genetic, determine variation of serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations in the population. We have recently found three KLK3 deletions in individuals with very low prostate-specific antigen concentrations, suggesting a link between abnormally reduced KLK3 expression and deletions of KLK3. Here, we aim to determine the frequency of kallikrein gene 3 deletions in the general population.

Methods

The frequency of KLK3 deletions in the general population was estimated from the 1958 Birth Cohort sample ( n = 3815) using amplification ratiometry control system. In silico analyses using PennCNV were carried out in the same cohort and in NBS-WTCCC2 in order to provide an independent estimation of the frequency of KLK3 deletions in the general population.

Results

Amplification ratiometry control system results from the 1958 cohort indicated a frequency of KLK3 deletions of 0.81% (3.98% following a less stringent calling criterion). From in silico analyses, we found that potential deletions harbouring the KLK3 gene occurred at rates of 2.13% (1958 Cohort, n = 2867) and 0.99% (NBS-WTCCC2, n = 2737), respectively. These results are in good agreement with our in vitro experiments. All deletions found were in heterozygosis.

Conclusions

We conclude that a number of individuals from the general population present KLK3 deletions in heterozygosis. Further studies are required in order to know if interpretation of low serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations in individuals with KLK3 deletions may offer false-negative assurances with consequences for prostate cancer screening, diagnosis and monitoring.
Instrumental Jazz Improvisation Development
Authors: Palmer C. Michael
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the role aural imitation ability, jazz theory knowledge, and personal background variables play in the development of jazz improvisation achievement. Participants ( N = 70) included 26 high school and 44 college instrumentalists with varying degrees of jazz improvisation experience. Data were collected using four researcher-designed instruments: (a) Participant Improvisation Experience Survey (PIES), (b) Improvisation Achievement Performance Measure (IAPM), (c) Aural Imitation Measure (AIM), and (d) the Jazz Theory Measure (JTM). Results indicate that aural imitation ability and technical facility are fundamental skills supporting jazz improvisation achievement. Other contributing factors include improvisation experience, jazz experience, practicing improvisation, perceived self-confidence, self-assessment, and jazz theory knowledge. Further analysis of results led to improvisation being viewed from a developmental perspective and achievement levels being distinguished on a developmental continuum (i.e., novice, intermediate, advanced) based on performance evaluations within musical categories (i.e., rhythm/time feel, harmony, melody/rhythmic development, style, expressivity, and creativity).
Evaluation of Intrarehearsal Achievement by Listeners of Varying Levels of Expertise
Authors: Montemayor Mark
Published: August 2016

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate expertise-related differences in the evaluation of moment-to-moment rehearsal achievement. Nonmusic majors, music education majors, and expert music teachers ( N = 60) listened to 18 “before” and “after” pairs of rehearsal trials of various high school bands in their pursuit of proximal rehearsal goals, or targets. These pairs of rehearsal trials (“dyads”) were presented to participants on audio compact discs without evidence of the band directors’ intervening rehearsal procedures. The performance quality of the ensembles heard on the recordings was either high or low, and the targets they pursued addressed Tone Quality/Intonation, Musicianship/Expressiveness, or Rhythm/Articulation. The dependent measure was participants’ evaluation of the extent of improvement heard within each dyad. A significant main effect was found for listener expertise, with experts evaluating ensembles’ achievement on these targets most critically (i.e., lower), and with nonmajors offering the highest evaluation scores. No main effect on evaluation scores was found for ensemble performance quality. Results suggest that expert music teachers exercise judgments about moment-to-moment rehearsal achievement according to an internalized standard rather than to the immediately preceding rehearsal trial. Findings are discussed in consideration of the Model of Expert Teaching (Berliner, 1986).
An analysis of the most common types of hand injury mistakes and their cost in the acute setting
Authors: Trevatt Alexander EJ , Smith Oliver J , Needleman Jacqueline , Banerjee Ashis
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to explore the most common hand injury errors occurring in Emergency Departments in England. A Freedom of Information request was made to the NHS Litigation Authority for claims data related to hand injuries in English Emergency Departments from 2004 to 2014. All successful hand injury claims against an individual DGH ED were also analysed. Two hundred and eighteen successful claims were made, costing a total of £6,273,688.22. Diagnosis error was the most common successful claim (97). Four successful claims were brought against the Emergency Department. Causes of error included the use of inappropriate views and failure to correlate imaging with clinical findings. Hand injury diagnostic error has been the most common cause of successful litigious claims against Emergency Departments over the past 10 years. This paper demonstrates that fracture recognition and clinical diagnosis of hand injuries are key areas to target to reduce error rates.
Class Struggle in the Bolivarian Process
Authors: Azzellini Dario
Published: August 2016

Workers’ initiatives and government measures in Venezuela to increase workers’ participation in the management of their companies sharply contrast with institutional actions that intend to inhibit and reduce such participation. Despite this, the movement for workers’ control in Venezuela has grown in recent years and achieved some important victories in conflicts in state companies.

Las iniciativas de los trabajadores y las medidas del gobierno en Venezuela para aumentar la participación de los trabajadores en la gestión de sus compañías están en fuerte contraposición con las acciones institucionales que pretenden inhibir y reducir esa participación. A pesar de esto, el movimiento por el control obrero en Venezuela ha crecido en los últimos años y ha logrado algunas victorias importantes en varios conflictos en las compañías estatales.
Between Permanent Revolution and Permanent Liminality
Authors: Ivancheva Mariya P.
Published: August 2016

After traditional academics mobilized university autonomy against government intervention and supported the coup d’état against Hugo Chávez, his government created a parallel system of public universities. María Egilda Castellano headed the effort to extend university access to poor Venezuelans. The events of her terms as vice minister of education (1999–2002) and rector of the Bolivarian University (2003–2004) and her subsequent career show the difficulty the Bolivarian government has had in creating sustainable institutions and challenge the applicability of the concept of permanent revolution to the Bolivarian process.

Después de que los académicos tradicionales usaron la autonomía universitaria en contra de la intervención del gobierno y apoyaron el golpe de estado contra Hugo Chávez, su gobierno creó un sistema paralelo de universidades públicas. María Egilda Castellano dirigió el esfuerzo por extender el acceso a las universidades a los venezolanos pobres. Los resultados de su trabajo como vice ministra de educación (1999–2002) y rectora de la Universidad Bolivariana (2003–2004) y su subsiguiente carrera profesional demuestran la dificultad que el gobierno bolivariano ha tenido para crear instituciones sostenibles y pone en duda la aplicabilidad del concepto de revolución permanente al proceso bolivariano.
Occupying and Reclaiming a National Historical Monument
Authors: Márquez Francisca , Rozas-Krause Valentina
Published: August 2016

Conceptual and ethnographic examination of the ideology that has given form to one of Chile’s most representative national historical monuments, the Casa Central of the Universidad de Chile, indicates that monuments are a complex social construction of historically situated ideologies and practices and that, simply by being artifacts, they are always at risk of never achieving unanimity as to their truth. The controversial nature of the monument’s meaning presents us with a problem with regard to its verisimilitude and its incorporation into a shared history. It may be suggested that the historical meaning of a monument is manifested in its commemoration and in corporal uses and practices.

Un examen conceptual y etnográfico de la ideología que le ha dado forma a la Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile—uno de los monumentos históricos nacionales más representativos del país— revela que un monumento es una construcción social compleja de ideologías y prácticas situadas en un contexto histórico y que, simplemente por ser un artefacto, siempre correremos el riesgo de nunca alcanzar unanimidad en cuanto a su verdad. La naturaleza controvertida del significado del monumento nos plantea un problema con relación a su verosimilitud y a su incorporación en una historia compartida. Podemos decir que el significado histórico de un monumento se manifiesta en su conmemoración y en usos y prácticas corporales.
The Anthropophagic Organization: How Innovations Transcend the Temporary in a Project-based Organization
Authors: Prado Patricia , Sapsed Jonathan
Published: August 2016

This article shows how innovations in projects may be diffused successfully within a large project-based organization (PBO) and how they ‘live on’ through their adaptation. We draw on the metaphorical notion of anthropophagy, literally ‘human cannibalism’, which is used to explain the appropriation of otherness resulting in ongoing organizational life. Prior organization literature has stressed the difficulties of the transition from the temporary to the permanent, especially the failure of database-oriented approaches, and argued that these barriers may be overcome with repeatable standardized templates. In contrast we show that multiple innovations may be adopted within the same PBO, which manifest as differentiated, combined forms. Cases in the large energy and engineering company, Petrobras, show a systematic innovation process involving subject experts, but centrally a database containing records of 1104 mandatory and discretionary innovations. The article analyses these data, process documentation and observations of 15 completed innovation projects. The article argues that in addition to technical factors the anthropophagic attitude motivates adopters to take on the innovations of others with the appetising prospect of appropriation and adaptation.
Connecting Temporary and Permanent Organizing: Tensions and Boundary Work in Sequential Film Projects
Authors: Stjerne Iben Sandal , Svejenova Silviya
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates the relationship between a permanent organization and a series of temporary organizations. It draws on an in-depth study of the process through which a Danish film production company, seeking to balance innovation and persistence in a troubled industry, struggles to realize a novel children’s film and its sequels. The study reveals tensions at different levels as well as boundary work and boundary roles that address them, bringing in shadows of past and future projects. The study extends the understanding of the dialectic between temporary and permanent organizing by emphasizing how ongoing work at different boundaries affects the permanent and temporary organizing’s connectedness and outcomes. It also challenges the overly bracketed view of temporary organizations, suggesting a temporality perspective on temporariness.
The Validity of the Comparative Interrupted Time Series Design for Evaluating the Effect of School-Level Interventions
Authors: Jacob Robin , Somers Marie-Andree , Zhu Pei , Bloom Howard
Published: August 2016

Objective:

In this article, we examine whether a well-executed comparative interrupted time series (CITS) design can produce valid inferences about the effectiveness of a school-level intervention. This article also explores the trade-off between bias reduction and precision loss across different methods of selecting comparison groups for the CITS design and assesses whether choosing matched comparison schools based only on preintervention test scores is sufficient to produce internally valid impact estimates.

Research Design:

We conduct a validation study of the CITS design based on the federal Reading First program as implemented in one state using results from a regression discontinuity design as a causal benchmark.

Results:

Our results contribute to the growing base of evidence regarding the validity of nonexperimental designs. We demonstrate that the CITS design can, in our example, produce internally valid estimates of program impacts when multiple years of preintervention outcome data (test scores in the present case) are available and when a set of reasonable criteria are used to select comparison organizations (schools in the present case).
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Baker Andrew B. , Xiao Christopher C. , O’Connell Brendan P. , Cline Jay M. , Gillespie M. Boyd
Published: August 2016

Objectives

(1) Determine the rate of postoperative complications, reoperation, readmission, and death after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for sleep apnea through multi‐institutional clinical data. (2) Compare outcomes of UPPP between multilevel and single‐level procedures for the treatment of sleep apnea.

Study Design

Retrospective database analysis.

Methods

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program—a nationally validated, prospective, multi‐institutional database from 2005 to 2013—was analyzed for patients who underwent UPPP, per corresponding Current Procedural Terminology codes. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: UPPP alone, UPPP + nasal cavity (NC), and UPPP + base of tongue (BOT). Perioperative outcome measures of interest include surgical/medical complications, reoperation, readmission, and death. Comparisons were made among surgical groups through univariate cross‐sectional analysis.

Results

A total of 1079 patients underwent UPPP; 413 patients had UPPP + NC; and 200 patients had UPPP + BOT procedures. One death was reported for the entire cohort of patients. Among all 3 groups (UPPP, UPPP + NC, and UPPP + BOT), no differences were noted in the rates of medical complications (P =. 445), surgical complications (P =. 396), reoperation (P =. 332), and readmission (P =. 447). However, the length of hospital stay in days was greatest for the UPPP + BOT group (UPPP, 0.81 ± 0.69; UPPP + NC, 0.87 ± 0.90; UPPP + BOT, 1.50 ± 2.70; P <. 001).

Conclusion

These national data demonstrate no significant increase in risk when UPPP is performed as a single‐ or multilevel procedure. When indicated, UPPP with multilevel procedures may be safely performed for treatment of sleep apnea. These data set a benchmark for perioperative risk in UPPP surgery and will prove useful for counseling patients.
Playing With Empowerment
Authors: Fisher Jolene
Published: August 2016

This study analyzes how the Half the Sky Movement uses the concept of women’s empowerment to engage female social gamers in a neoliberal development project that turns leisure time into development labor. While the Facebook game has successfully garnered global attention from mainstream media, celebrity endorsements, and impressive public participation, this study argues that it problematically reinforces a dominant approach to development at odds with a feminist understanding of gender and empowerment. Through active design choices, the organization has worked to create a gendered, social media game space that prioritizes individual financial empowerment and monetary aid.
Poly-(l)-histidine immobilized cryogels for lysozyme purification
Authors: Çimen Duygu , Türkmen Deniz , Denizli Adil
Published: August 2016

Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography is one of the methods used for the adsorption of proteins. In this study, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) cryogel discs were prepared by free radical polymerization. The metal chelating groups were polymeric chain of poly-(l)-histidine (mol wt ≥ 5000) having poly-imidazole ring sequence. Then, Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ni(II) ions were separately chelated on the poly-(l)-histidine immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) cryogel discs to be used in immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography separation of lysozyme. The swelling test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize both poly(glycidyl methacrylate) and poly-(l)-histidine immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) cryogel discs. The effects of the pH, lysozyme concentration, adsorption time, and ionic strength on the adsorption capacity were studied. These parameters were varied between 4.0 and 8.0 for pH, 0.0 and 2.0 mg/ml for initial lysozyme concentration, 0 and 120 min for adsorption time, and 0.0 and 1.0 µM for ionic strength. The maximum lysozyme adsorption capacity of the Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ni(II) ions chelated poly-(l)-histidine immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) cryogel discs was 36.4, 26.8, and 17.3 mg/g cryogel, respectively. Desorption of lysozyme from cryogel discs was easily achieved by 1.0 M NaCI solution. Repeated adsorption-elution processes showed that these cryogel discs were suitable for repeatable lysozyme adsorption. Adsorption isotherms fitted to Langmuir model and adsorption kinetics suited to pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic parameters (i.e. ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG°) were also calculated from Langmuir isotherms at different temperatures.
Getting involved in plan-making: Participation in neighbourhood planning in England
Authors: Brookfield Katherine
Published: August 2016

Neighbourhood planning, introduced through the Localism Act 2011, was intended to provide communities in England with new opportunities to plan and manage development. All communities were presented as being readily able to participate in this new regime with Ministers declaring it perfectly conceived to encourage greater involvement from a wider range of people. Set against such claims, while addressing significant gaps in the evidence, this paper provides a critical review of participation in neighbourhood planning, supported by original empirical evidence drawn from case study research. It does so at an interesting time as the community, and/or neighbourhood, appears across political parties as a preferred scalar focus for planning. Challenging Ministers’ assertions, while mirroring past experiments in community planning, participation is found to be modest and partial, concentrated amongst a few, relatively advantaged communities, and relatively advantaged interests within those communities. The paper considers the implications for future planning policy and practice.
Small- and medium-scale Italian winemaking companies facing the open innovation challenge
Authors: Presenza Angelo , Abbate Tindara , Meleddu Marta , Cesaroni Fabrizio
Published: August 2016

This article examines the impact of open innovation (OI) practices on the innovation activity of low-tech small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Different external knowledge sources are considered, and the ability of SMEs to acquire and integrate external knowledge into their organizational boundaries for innovation purposes is assessed. The research draws on a sample of 191 Italian winemakers. The results show that SMEs with higher propensity to access and use external knowledge sources show a greater ability to innovate and that their absorptive capacity impacts the use of external sources. Several implications for theory and practice are drawn, underlining a number of suggestions for future research.
C-arm cone-beam computed tomography with stereotactic needle guidance for percutaneous adrenal biopsy: initial experience
Authors: Jiao Dechao , Xie Na , Wu Gang , Ren JianZhuang , Han Xinwei
Published: August 2016

Background

Metastasis to the adrenal glands is frequent in patients with various cancers and adrenal gland biopsy is routinely performed using ultrasound or computed tomographic (CT) guidance. However, this method is technically challenging, especially in the case of small masses.

Purpose

To determine whether the new real-time stereotactic needle guidance technique C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) allows safe and accurate biopsy of adrenal gland masses, especially those in hard-to-reach anatomical locations.

Material and Methods

CBCT guidance was used to perform 60 stereotactic biopsy procedures of lesions that were inaccessible with ultrasound or CT guidance. The needle path was carefully planned and calculated on the CBCT virtual navigation guidance system, which acquired 3D CT-like cross-sectional images. The adrenal biopsy procedures were performed with fluoroscopic feedback. Technical success rate, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and complications were investigated.

Results

The technical success rate of adrenal biopsy under CBCT virtual navigation was 100%, with a mean total procedure time of 14.6 ± 3.6 min. Of the 60 lesions, 46 were malignant, 11 were benign, and three were non-diagnostic. The three non-diagnostic lesions proved to be malignant. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 93.8%, 100%, and 95.0%, respectively. Minor bleeding occurred in two (3.3%) cases.

Conclusion

CBCT guidance allows safe and accurate biopsy of adrenal gland masses and may be especially useful for hard-to-reach anatomical locations.
Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Failed Antidepressant Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymia, and Subthreshold Depression in Adults
Authors: MacQueen Glenda , Santaguida Pasqualina , Keshavarz Homa , Jaworska Natalia , Levine Mitchell , Beyene Joseph , Raina Parminder
Published: August 2016

Objective:

This systematic review critically evaluated clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for treating adults with major depressive disorder, dysthymia, or subthreshold or minor depression for recommendations following inadequate response to first-line treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Method:

Searches for CPGs (January 2004 to November 2014) in English included 7 bibliographic databases and grey literature sources using CPG and depression as the keywords. Two raters selected CPGs on depression with a national scope. Data extraction included definitions of adequate response and recommended treatment options. Two raters assessed quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument.

Results:

From 46,908 citations, 3167 were screened at full text. From these 21 CPG were applicable to adults in primary care and outpatient settings. Five CPGs consider patients with dysthymia or subthreshold or minor depression. None provides recommendations for those who do not respond to first-line SSRI treatment. For adults with MDD, most CPGs do not define an “inadequate response” or provide specific suggestions regarding how to choose alternative medications when switching to an alternative antidepressant. There is variability between CPGs in recommending combination strategies. AGREE II ratings for stakeholder involvement in CPG development, editorial independence, and rigor of development are domains in which depression guidelines are often less robust.

Conclusions:

About half of patients with depression require second-line treatment to achieve remission. Consistency and clarity in guidelines for second-line treatment of depression are therefore important for clinicians but lacking in most current guidelines. This may reflect a paucity of primary studies upon which to base conclusions.
Early- to mid-Holocene forest-line and climate dynamics in southern Scandes mountains inferred from contrasting megafossil and pollen data
Authors: Paus Aage , Haugland Vanja
Published: August 2016

The result of 344 radiocarbon-dated megafossils is here presented and discussed. This study aims at elucidating early- to mid-Holocene forest-line and climate dynamics in the southern Scandes along a present gradient of decreasing forest-line elevations. Around 9.5 calibrated ka before present (BP), pine suddenly established vertical belts of at least 200 m. These represent the highest pine-forests during the Holocene, ca. 210–170 m higher than today when corrected for land uplift. By this, summer temperatures at least 1–1.3°C warmer than today are indicated for the early Holocene thermal maximum around 8.5–9.5 cal. ka BP. The most pronounced warming occurred in Jotunheimen, the highest mountain range in Scandinavia, because of an amplified ‘Massenerhebung’ effect. Megafossils show the establishment of birch-forests above pine-forests already from the early Holocene. Pine-forests started their decline in the early Holocene and became replaced by the less warmth-demanding birch-forests. Pine megafossil results and pollen studies from the same areas show that cooling around 8.5 cal. ka BP caused a significant decrease in pine pollen production whereas pine-forest-lines were more or less unaffected. In the following period of about 2000 years, the high-altitudinal pine-forests could hardly be detected in pollen diagrams. This shows how strongly past temperatures influenced on the pollen production of individuals and how this might obscure pollen-based reconstructions of past vegetation. To be able to correct for this error, there is a need for establishing exact present-day relationships between temperature and pollen production of prolific pollen producers.