bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L.: Scientific Evidences for Folkloric Uses
Authors: Khalid Asaad , Algarni Alanood S. , Homeida Husham E. , Sultana Shahnaz , Javed Sadique A. , Rehman Zia ur , Abdalla Hana , Alhazmi Hassan A. , Albratty Mohammed , Abdalla Ashraf N.
Published: January 2022

Many medicinal plants have been utilized for centuries despite the lack of scientific evidence of their therapeutic effects. This study evaluated the phytochemical and dual biological profiling, namely, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties, of three plant species, namely, Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L., in order to explore potential relationships (if any) with their ethnopharmacological uses. GC-MS was used to achieve phytochemical screening of two plant extracts (T. terrestris and T. domingensis). The primary chemicals detected in varying amounts in both extracts were siloxane derivatives, fatty acid esters, diisooctyl phthalate, phytosterol, and aromatic acid esters. According to the findings, the major component detected in both extracts was 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and diisooctyl ester (antibacterial and antifungal). T. domingensis contained a low level of benzoic acid, methyl ester (antibacterial). Both extracts included stigmasterol and sitosterol, as well as six different forms of fatty acid esters. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, thyroid inhibitor, and anti-inflammatory properties have all been described. Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), human ovary adenocarcinoma (A2780), and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29), as well as normal human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5), all showed cytotoxic activity. The most potent activity against A2780 cells was seen in T. terrestris and T. domingensis extracts (IC50: 3.69 and 5.87 g/mL, respectively). R. communis was more active against MCF7 cells (1.52 μg/mL) followed by A2780 and HT29 cells, respectively. R. communis showed a dose-dependent clonogenic effect against MCF7 cells. The antibacterial activity of all three plant extracts was tested against three standard Gram-positive, four standard Gram-negative, and two clinical bacterial strains. Among the three extracts examined, T. terrestris was the most effective, followed by R. communis, and finally, T. domingensis plant extract was effective against various isolated bacteria. This study, interestingly, sheds light on the bioactive components found in plant extracts that can be utilized for cytotoxic and antibacterial purposes.
Image Anomaly Detection Based on Adaptive Iteration and Feature Extraction in Edge-Cloud IoT
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Tang Xinhua , Zhang Jiwei
Published: January 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) has penetrated into various application fields. If the multimedia information obtained by the IoT device is tampered with, the subsequent information processing will be affected, resulting in an incorrect service and even security threat. Therefore, it is very necessary to study multimedia forensics technology for IoT security. In the edge-cloud IoT environment, an image anomaly detection technology for security service is proposed in this paper. First, preprocessing is performed before image anomaly detection. Then, we extracted sparse features from the image to roughly localize the region of anomaly detection. Feature extraction based on the polar cosine transform (PCT) is then performed only on the candidate region of anomaly detection. To further improve the detection accuracy, we use iterative updating. This method makes use of the feature that the edge node is closer to the multimedia source in physical location and migrates the complex computing task of image anomaly detection from the cloud computing center to the edge node. Provide a security service for abnormal data and deploy it to the edge-cloud server to reduce the pressure on the cloud. Overall, preprocessing improves the ability of feature extraction in smooth or small region of anomaly detections, and the iterative strategy enhances the security service. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
A Hyperglycemic Microenvironment Inhibits Tendon-to-Bone Healing through the let-7b-5p/CFTR Pathway
Authors: Cao Tianyi , Hong Junyi , Qi Feicheng , Zheng Bo , Chen Guofang , Yu Binjia , Ye Fusheng
Published: January 2022

Background. Tendon-to-bone healing is a difficult process in treatment of rotator cuff tear (RCT). In addition, diabetes is an important risk factor for poor tendon-to-bone healing. Therefore, we investigated the specific mechanisms through which diabetes affects tendon-to-bone healing by regulating the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). Methods. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) were extracted from rats after which their proliferative capacities were evaluated by the MTT assay. The expression levels of CFTR and tendon-related markers were determined by qRT-PCR. Then, bioinformatics analyses and dual luciferase reporter gene assays were used to identify miRNAs with the ability to bind CFTR mRNA. Finally, CFTR was overexpressed in TDSCs to validate the specific mechanisms through which the high glucose microenvironment inhibits tendon-to-bone healing. Results. The high glucose microenvironment downregulated mRNA expression levels of tendon-related markers and CFTR in TDSCs cultured with different glucose concentrations. Additionally, bioinformatics analyses revealed that let-7b-5p may be regulated by the high glucose microenvironment and can regulate CFTR levels. Moreover, a dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to confirm that let-7b-5p targets and binds CFTR mRNA. Additional experiments also confirmed that overexpressed CFTR effectively reversed the negative effects of the hyperglycaemic microenvironment and upregulation of let-7b-5p on TDSC proliferation and differentiation. These findings imply that the hyperglycemic microenvironment inhibits CFTR transcription and, consequently, proliferation and differentiation of TDSCs in vitro by upregulating let-7b-5p. Conclusions. A hyperglycemic microenvironment inhibits TDSC proliferation in vitro via the let-7b-5p/CFTR pathway, and this is a potential mechanism in diabetes-induced poor tendon-to-bone healing.
A Review on the Application of PD-1 Blockade in EBV-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Bian Jin , Niu Yan , Ma Yanli , Chen Fuhua , Ma Ning
Published: January 2022

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) linked with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is considered to be one of the most prevalent head and neck malignancies in East and Southeast Asia. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy are effective treatments for NPC, they have immunosuppressive effects. Immunotherapy has got considerable attention of clinicians for cancer treatment in recent years due to proven success of PD-1/PD-L 1 inhibition in solid tumors trials. The distinct immunological environment of EBV-associated NPC presents a reasonable therapeutic target for PD-1/PD-L 1 inhibition. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L 1) receptors have shown efficacy in early phase I clinical trials, with ongoing phase III clinical trials. Herein, we have extensively addressed the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the immunotherapy of EBV-associated NPC. Immunotherapeutic strategies are anticipated to enter mainstream clinical practise and provide long-term remissions in patients with severe NPC.
Numerical Solutions for Coupled Trapezoidal Fully Fuzzy Sylvester Matrix Equations
Authors: Elsayed Ahmed AbdelAziz , Ahmad Nazihah , Malkawi Ghassan
Published: January 2022

Analyzing the stability of many control systems required solving a couple of crisp Sylvester matrix equations (CSMEs) simultaneously. However, there are some situations in which the crisp Sylvester matrix equations are not well equipped to deal with the uncertainty problem during the stability analysis of control systems. This paper constructs analytical and numerical methods for solving a couple of trapezoidal fully fuzzy Sylvester matrix equations (CTrFFSMEs) to overcome the drawbacks of the existing crisp methods. In developing these new methods, fuzzy arithmetic multiplication is applied on the CTrFFSME to transform it into an equivalent system of four CSMEs. Then, the fuzzy solution is obtained analytically by the fuzzy matrix vectorization method and numerically by gradient and least square methods. The analytical method can obtain the exact solution; however, it is limited to small-sized systems while the numerical methods can approximate the solution for large dimensional systems up to

100
×
100

with a very small error bound for any initial value. In addition, the proposed methods are applied to other fuzzy systems such as Sylvester and Lyapunov matrix equations. The proposed methods are illustrated by solving numerical examples with different size systems.
Prognostic Bone Metastasis‐Associated Immune‐Related Genes Regulated by Transcription Factors in Mesothelioma
Authors: Hao Zhiquan , Wang Siqiao , Zheng Zixuan , Li Jiehan , Fu Wanting , Han Donglin , Huang Yinrou , Lin Qing , Xian Shuyuan , Yan Penghui , Li Man , Lin Ruoyi , Meng Tong , Zhang Jie , Huang Zongqiang
Published: January 2022

Mesothelioma (MESO) is a mesothelial originate neoplasm with high morbidity and mortality. Despite advancement in technology, early diagnosis still lacks effectivity and is full of pitfalls. Approaches of cancer diagnosis and therapy utilizing immune biomarkers and transcription factors (TFs) have attracted more and more attention. But the molecular mechanism of these features in MESO bone metastasis has not been thoroughly studied. Utilizing high‐throughput genome sequencing data and lists of specific gene subsets, we performed several data mining algorithm. Single‐sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was applied to identify downstream immune cells. Potential pathways involved in MESO bone metastasis were identified using Gene Oncology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and Cox regression analysis. Ultimately, a model to help early diagnosis and to predict prognosis was constructed based on differentially expressed immune‐related genes between bone metastatic and nonmetastatic MESO groups. In conclusion, immune‐related gene SDC2, regulated by TFs TCF7L1 and POLR3D, had an important role on immune cell function and infiltration, providing novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metastatic MESO.
The Removal of Atrazine and Benalaxyl by the Fly Ash Released from Kosovo A Power Plant
Authors: Behrami Esad , Xhaxhiu Kledi , Dragusha Bedri , Reka Arianit , Andoni Adelaida , Hamiti Xhuljeta , Drushku Spiro
Published: January 2022

The development of low-cost adsorbent coal FA (Kosovo A) for pesticide removal is an important area of scientific research. With this study, we show the potential of adsorption of coal FA (Kosovo A) for the removal of benalaxyl and atrazine from water. We have found that the amount of adsorbed benalaxyl and atrazine increases with an increasing amount of coal FA (Kosovo A) in solution. The maximum capacity coal FA (Kosovo A) to adsorb benalaxyl and atrazine was found to be 0.46 and 0.45 mg/g according to the Freundlich equation and 3.48 and 3.33 mg/g according to the Langmuir equation. The Freundlich adsorption equation better explains the adsorption results of pesticides (benalaxyl and atrazine) in coal FA (Kosovo A), as the values of the recovery coefficient (R2) were higher in Freundlich equation than the Langmuir equation. The adsorption isotherms were of type L and show that the adsorption efficiency of the coal FA (Kosovo A) depends on the initial concentration of benalaxyl and atrazine in solution and the maximum removal of benalaxyl and atrazine was achieved at concentrations less than 10 µg/ml. This study’s results are expected to have implications for the use of coal FA (Kosovo A) for the removal of pesticides from water.
Screening Gene Expression-Related Alternative Splicing Event Signature for Colon Cancer Prognostic Prediction
Authors: Xu Jie , Chen Jingfeng , Cheng Chuan , Li Huixia , Gao Peng , Zheng Jiujian , Wang Jianping
Published: January 2022

Colon cancer is a kind of common intestinal disease, and early diagnosis of colon cancer is crucial for patient’s prognosis. RNA alternative splicing (AS) is an RNA modification that affects cancer occurrence. RNA AS detection is promising to improve the in-depth understanding of the pathological mechanisms in colon cancer. In this study, differential analysis was performed to determine colon cancer-related AS events and the corresponding parental genes. Subsequently, GO functional annotation analysis was carried out on the parental genes, which revealed that these AS events might affect cell adhesion and cell growth. Besides, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established with the parental genes, in which MCODE was utilized to identify major functional modules. Enrichment analysis for the major functional module was implemented again, which demonstrated that these genes were mainly concentrated in the ribosome, protein ubiquitination, cell adhesion molecule binding, and other relevant biological functions. Next, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from colon cancer and normal tissues and overlapped with the parental genes, by which 55 gene expression-associated AS and the corresponding 45 genes were obtained. Moreover, a correlation analysis between splicing factors (SFs) and AS was done to identify interactions. On this basis, an SF-AS network was constructed. The univariate Cox regression analysis was employed to screen prognostic AS signature and establish a risk model. To assess the model, K-M and ROC analyses were done for model assessment, indicating the effective prediction performance. Combined with common clinicopathological features, the multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to confirm whether the risk model could be considered as an independent prognostic indicator. Finally, the expression status of the parental genes for the prognostic AS was evaluated between normal and colon cancer cells using qRT-PCR. In summary, TCGA SpliceSeq data were comprehensively analyzed, and a 5-AS prognostic model was constructed for colon cancer.
Outcomes and Disease Spectrum of LBW Neonates in a Secondary Health Facility
Authors: Oluwafemi Rosena Olubanke , Adesina Femi Peter , Hassan Adebola Olutoyin
Published: January 2022

Globally, 30 million low birth weight (LBW) babies are born every year and 95% of them are from developing countries. LBW neonates are at a high risk of mortality, morbidity, and long-term disability. The objective of this study is to investigate outcomes and disease spectrum among low birth weight neonates. This is a prospective, observational study conducted on 540 neonates admitted in the Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2018. Questionnaire, interview, clinical, and diagnostic procedures were used as research tools. There were 137 low birth weight (LBW) neonates, with the mean mothers’ age of 31.92 ± 6.60. Of the 540 neonates, 69 (50.4%) and 68 (49.6%) were term and preterm, respectively. There were 64 female neonates (46.7%) and 73 male neonates (53.3%). The mean weight of the neonates was 1.82 ± 0.44 kg, and mean number of days on admission was 6.42 ± 6.75 days. Neonatal sepsis (NNS) was the highest morbidity 51 (37.2%) among the LBW neonates, followed by prematurity 47 (34.4%) and neonatal jaundice (NNJ) 18 (13.1%). Sex (χ2 = 3.584,

p
=
0.310

), mode of delivery (χ2 = 4.669,

p
=
0.198

), and gestational age (χ2 = 3.904,

p
=
0.272

) were not a significant determinant of outcome among LBW neonates. Men were 2.36 times more likely to be preterm (OR = 2.36, 95% CL = 1.01–5.54,

p
=
0.048

) among LBW neonates. Outcomes of LBW neonates who were delivered by SVD were not significant compared to preterm delivered by CS (OR = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.13–1.65,

p
=
0.096

). Sixty percent (60%) of the mothers had Prolonged Rupture of Membranes (PROM). Morbidities such as hypothermia (72.2%), apnoea (63.6%), haemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN) (66.7%), and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (66.7%) were more observed with preterm LBW neonates. Importance of qualitative antenatal care (ANC) should be emphasized; anticipation and prevention of LBW births can help mitigate some of the problems they are prone to.
Aspirin, Statins, Non-aspirin NSAIDs, Metformin, and the Risk of Biliary Cancer: A Swedish Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Marcano-Bonilla Lorena , Schleck Cathy D. , Harmsen William S. , Sadr-Azodi Omid , Borad Mitesh J. , Patel Tushar , Petersen Gloria M. , Therneau Terry M. , Roberts Lewis R. , Brusselaers Nele
Published: January 2022

Background:

Chemoprevention for biliary tract cancers (BTC), which comprise intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA), and gallbladder cancer, is controversial. We examined associations between low-dose aspirin, statins, NSAIDs, and metformin with BTC risk.

Methods:

We used a population-based cohort of 5.7 million persons over age 18 without personal history of cancer (except nonmelanoma skin cancer), receiving at least one commonly prescribed drug between July 1, 2005, and December 31, 2012, from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using age-scaled multivariable-adjusted Cox models.

Results:

2,160 individuals developed BTC. Low-dose aspirin was not associated with BTC risk [HR, 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81–1.07], iCCA (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.93–1.57), eCCA (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.60–1.07), or gallbladder cancer (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71–1.06). Statins were associated with lower risk of BTC (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56–0.78), iCCA (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50–0.95), eCCA (HR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38–0.76), and gallbladder cancer (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57–0.91). For all BTC subtypes, combined low-dose aspirin and statins were not associated with lower risk than statins alone. NSAIDs were associated with higher risk of BTC and its subtypes. Metformin was not associated with BTC risk (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.82–1.18), iCCA (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.77–1.48), eCCA (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.82–1.61), or gallbladder cancer (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.63–1.11).

Conclusions:

Statins were associated with a decreased risk of BTC and its subtypes. Low-dose aspirin alone was not associated with a decreased risk, and use of both was not associated with further decrease in risk beyond statins alone.

Impact:

Statins were most consistently associated with a decreased risk of BTC and its subtypes.
Critical Role for Cap-Independent c-MYC Translation in Progression of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shi Yijiang , Sun Fumou , Cheng Yan , Holmes Brent , Dhakal Binod , Gera Joseph F. , Janz Siegfried , Lichtenstein Alan
Published: January 2022

Dysregulated c-myc is a determinant of multiple myeloma progression. Translation of c-myc can be achieved by an mTOR-mediated, cap-dependent mechanism or a cap-independent mechanism where a sequence in the 5′UTR of mRNA, termed the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), recruits the 40S ribosomal subunit. This mechanism requires the RNA-binding factor hnRNP A1 (A1) and becomes critical when cap-dependent translation is inhibited during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, we studied the role of A1 and the myc IRES in myeloma biology. A1 expression correlated with enhanced c-myc expression in patient samples. Expression of A1 in multiple myeloma lines was mediated by c-myc itself, suggesting a positive feedback circuit where myc induces A1 and A1 enhances myc translation. We then deleted the A1 gene in a myc-driven murine myeloma model. A1-deleted multiple myeloma cells demonstrated downregulated myc expression and were inhibited in their growth in vivo. Decreased myc expression was due to reduced translational efficiency and depressed IRES activity. We also studied the J007 inhibitor, which prevents A1's interaction with the myc IRES. J007 inhibited myc translation and IRES activity and diminished myc expression in murine and human multiple myeloma lines as well as primary samples. J007 also inhibited tumor outgrowth in mice after subcutaneous or intravenous challenge and prevented osteolytic bone disease. When c-myc was ectopically reexpressed in A1-deleted multiple myeloma cells, tumor growth was reestablished. These results support the critical role of A1-dependent myc IRES translation in myeloma.
Microneedle-mediated Intratumoral Delivery of Anti-CTLA-4 Promotes cDC1-dependent Eradication of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Limited irAEs
Authors: Gilardi Mara , Saddawi-Konefka Robert , Wu Victoria H. , Lopez-Ramirez Miguel Angel , Wang Zhiyong , Soto Fernando , Ramms Dana J. , Proietto Marco , Mikulski Zbigniew , Miki Haruka , Sharabi Andrew , Kupor Daniel , Rueda Ricardo , Hollern Daniel P. , Wang Joseph , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: January 2022

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks sixth in cancer incidence worldwide and has a 5-year survival rate of only 63%. Immunotherapies—principally immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies that restore endogenous antitumor T-cell immunity—offer the greatest promise for HNSCC treatment. Anti-PD-1 has been recently approved for first-line treatment of recurrent and metastatic HNSCC; however, less than 20% of patients show clinical benefit and durable responses. In addition, the clinical application of ICI has been limited by immune-related adverse events (irAE) consequent to compromised peripheral immune tolerance. Although irAEs are often reversible, they can become severe, prompting premature therapy termination or becoming life threatening. To address the irAEs inherent to systemic ICI therapy, we developed a novel, local delivery strategy based upon an array of soluble microneedles (MN). Using our recently reported syngeneic, tobacco-signature murine HNSCC model, we found that both systemic and local-MN anti-CTLA-4 therapy lead to >90% tumor response, which is dependent on CD8 T cells and conventional dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1). However, local-MN delivery limited the distribution of anti-CTLA-4 antibody from areas distal to draining lymphatic basins. Employing Foxp3-GFPDTR transgenic mice to interrogate irAEs in vivo, we found that local-MN delivery of anti-CTLA-4 protects animals from irAEs observed with systemic therapy. Taken together, our findings support the exploration of MN-intratumoral ICI delivery as a viable strategy for HNSCC treatment with reduced irAEs, and the opportunity to target cDC1s as part of multimodal treatment options to boost ICI therapy.
Circ_0039569 Competes with MARCKS for miR-133b Binding Sites to Promote the Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Peng , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2022

Background: The dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been shown to be correlated with the aggressiveness of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hence, this study investigated the role and mechanism of circ_0039569 in RCC progression. Methods: The levels of circ_0039569, miR-133b, and MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate) were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. In vitro experiments were conducted by using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, colony-formation assay, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot. The direct interactions between miR-133b and circ_0039569 or MARCKS were verified by using dual-luciferase reporter and pull-down assays. Xenograft mice models were established to conduct in vivo analysis. Results: Circ_0039569 was highly expressed in RCC tissues and cells. Functionally, silencing of circ_0039569 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but induced cell apoptosis in RCC cells in vitro. Moreover, mice subcutaneous xenograft assay suggested that circ_0039569 knockdown impeded tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0039569 acted as a sponge for miR-133b to regulate the expression of its target MARCKS. Importantly, miR-133b inhibition or MARCKS knockdown attenuated the anticancer effects of circ_0039569 knockdown on RCC growth. Conclusion: Diminished circ_0039569 restrains the growth and propagation of RCC cells via miR-133b/MARCKS axis, indicating an underlying effective therapeutic target for RCC patients.
Crk Haploinsufficiency Is Associated with Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Severe Postnatal Growth Failure
Authors: Deodati Annalisa , Inzaghi Elena , Germani Daniela , Fausti Francesca , Cianfarani Stefano
Published: January 2022

Background: Children with 17p13.3 microdeletions including the YWHAE gene show intrauterine growth restriction, craniofacial dysmorphisms, postnatal growth failure, and cognitive impairment. This region is characterized by genomic instability and has been associated with isolated lissencephaly sequence and Miller-Dieker syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, short stature, seizures, cardiac malformations, and agyria. Whilst brain abnormalities are secondary to YWHAE deficiency, the cause of pre- and postnatal growth failure has not been identified yet. Case Presentation: We describe 2 patients (patient 1 15 years and patient 2 11 years and 10 months) referred to our Center of Pediatric Endocrinology for intrauterine growth retardation with de novo 17p13.3 deletion. In vitro assays showed a defect in CRK expression and GH/IGF1 signaling. rhGH therapy was effective in partially reducing the deficit in height in patient 1 and induced catch-up growth in patient 2. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 17p13.3 microdeletion involving CRK affects both GH and IGF1 signaling ultimately leading to pre- and postnatal growth retardation, secondary to partial insensitivity to GH/IGF1. rhGH therapy may be considered to reduce the height deficit in these patients, though data on adult height are lacking.
Dificultad respiratoria y COVID-19: Un llamado a la investigación
Authors: Hentsch Lisa , Cocetta Sara , Allali Gilles , Santana Isabelle , Eason Rowena , Adam Emily , Janssens Jean-Paul
Published: January 2022

La dificultad respiratoria, también conocida como disnea, es un síntoma frecuente que causa debilidad. Varios reportes han destacado la ausencia de disnea en un subgrupo de pacientes que padecen COVID-19, en la llamada hipoxemia «silenciosa» o «feliz». Los reportes también han mencionado la falta de una relación clara entre la gravedad clínica de la enfermedad y los niveles de disnea referidos por los pacientes. Se ha demostrado en gran medida que entre las complicaciones cerebrales del COVID-19 hay alta prevalencia de encefalopatía aguda, que podría afectar el procesamiento de las señales aferentes o bien la modulación descendente de las señales de disnea. En esta revisión pretendemos destacar los mecanismos implicados en la disnea y resumir la fisiopatología del COVID-19 y sus efectos en la interacción cerebro-pulmón. Posteriormente, presentamos hipótesis sobre la alteración de la percepción de la disnea en pacientes con COVID-19 y sugerimos formas de investigar más a fondo este fenómeno.
The Top 100 Most-Cited Papers in Erosive Tooth Wear: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Rocha Aurélio de Oliveira , Santos Pablo Silveira , Machado Bárbara Azevedo , Bolan Michele , Cardoso Mariane , Martins-Júnior Paulo Antônio , Santana Carla Miranda
Published: January 2022

Citation rates can be used as an indicator of the influence and relevance of scientific papers. The present study analyzed the 100 most-cited articles related to erosive tooth wear (ETW). The top 100 most-cited papers focusing on ETW topics were collected from the Web of Science database on November 11, 2020. The following bibliometric data were extracted from papers: title, authorship, institutions, countries, number of citations, year of publication, journal title, study design, topic, and keywords. Scopus and Google Scholar were searched to compare the number of citations. The VOSviewer software was used to generate collaborative network maps for the authors and keywords. The number of citations of the 100 most-cited papers ranged from 71 to 330 (average: 97.44). The papers were published between 1949 and 2015. Caries Research (28%) and The Journal of Dentistry (16%) presented the majority of papers. Laboratorial (44%) and observational studies (33%) were the most common study designs. The most studied topics were epidemiology (31%) and the erosive potential of substances (drinks, foods, or medicines) (22%). The countries with the highest number of most-cited papers were England (32%), Germany (18%), and Switzerland (10%). The University of Bern was the institution with the most papers (10%). Lussi A was the author with the highest number of papers in the top 100 (14%). The most common keyword was “dental erosion” with 64 occurrences. The top 100 most-cited papers related to ETW were composed mainly of laboratorial and observational studies focusing on epidemiology and the erosive potential of substances.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy with Lobar Haemorrhages and CAA-Related Inflammation in an Indian Family
Authors: Maramattom Boby Varkey
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cause of lobar intracerebral haemorrhage. Sporadic CAA is far more common than hereditary CAA (h-CAA). Familial CAA has not yet been described from India. Case Report: Two elderly Indian women (a mother and daughter) presented 7 years apart with features of CAA. The mother had presented with features of CAA-related inflammation that responded to steroids, whereas the daughter presented with features of CAA-related intracerebral haemorrhage. Clinical exome testing did not reveal any known genetic variants associated with h-CAA. Discussion: Although clinical exome testing was inconclusive, the presentation of CAA in two generations (mother and daughter) in their 8th and 7th decades, respectively, raises the possibility of a familial CAA rather than a sporadic CAA in this Indian family. Genome-wide association studies are necessary to reveal if an Indian variant of familial CAA exists. We compare and contrast our familial CAA with the described h-CAA variants in the literature.
Classificação e propriedades químicas e físicas de Antropossolos no Município de Guarapari – ES
Authors: Teixeira Rafael Cardoso , Rocha Pablo de Azevedo , Faria André Luiz Lopes de , Costa Liovando Marciano da
Published: January 2022

Em ambientes urbanizados, modificados por ações antrópicas, os antropossolos tendem a se tornar parte integrante da paisagem e devem ser reconhecidos perante as suas peculiares características, pois modificam a morfologia da paisagem com a formação de novas feições. Estes solos são formados exclusivamente por ação direta das atividades humanas e são constituídos por uma ou mais camadas antrópicas, compostas de materiais orgânicos e/ou minerais possuindo espessura mínima de 40 cm. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as propriedades químicas, físicas e a classificação morfológica de quatro perfis de antropossolos pesquisados na área urbana do município de Guarapari – Espírito Santo. Os antropossolos analisados apresentaram características heterogêneas, indicando variabilidade de materiais na formação destes. Os perfis 1, 3 e 4 apresentam descontinuidades químicas específicas entre os horizontes e camadas naturais em relação às camadas formadas pela ação antropogênica, como lixos e rejeitos de volume pedológico depositados. Quanto às características químicas e morfológicas analisadas foi possível classificar os perfis em três subordens distintas (Sômico, Decapítico e Líxico), três grandes grupos (Áquico, Camádico e Parciálico) e dois subgrupos (Alumínico e Eutrófico). Dessa forma os perfis tiveram a seguinte classificação: Antropossolo Sômico Camádico Eutrófico, Antropossolo Decapítico Parciálico Alumínico e dois Antropossolos Líxicos Áquicos Eutróficos.
tombamento da Serra do Japi (SP)
Authors: Paes Maria Tereza Duarte , Eichenberger Vitória
Published: January 2022

Considerando o patrimônio natural uma extensão tipológica do patrimônio cultural, com uma trajetória institucional de proteção da natureza bem diversa em relação à proteção do meio ambiente no Brasil, este artigo apresenta as particularidades da institucionalização do patrimônio natural no estado de São Paulo, pelo Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico do Estado de São Paulo (CONDEPHAAT), com a adoção de políticas inovadoras. Ao elucidar tais práticas, este artigo traz o caso da Serra do Japi, remanescente florestal de Mata Atlântica, situado no interior do estado de São Paulo e precursor nesse processo. Este tombamento representou as experiências e as contribuições iniciais da aplicação de diretrizes estabelecidas pelo CONDEPHAAT, no início dos anos 1980, servindo de base para outros tombamentos no estado. Além disso, esse processo apresentou-se como um panorama orientador das atuações do Conselho, principalmente no que diz respeito à preservação de áreas consideradas críticas e ecologicamente estratégicas, devido ao contexto de pressão de usos em que elas estão inseridas (AB’SÁBER, 1977). No caso da Serra do Japi, uma das principais pressões identificadas é a urbana, com a expansão dos condomínios de alto padrão. A pesquisa que deu suporte a este artigo utilizou análises documentais, bibliográficas, pesquisas em sites de empreendimentos imobiliários, e objetivou demonstrar a importância do tombamento da Serra do Japi e da proteção do patrimônio natural no contexto urbano do estado de São Paulo.
distribuição da terra, a organização da família camponesa e a produção no município de Patzicía, CH, Guatemala
Authors: Ajsivinac Eddy Tocón
Published: January 2022

Este artigo apresenta e discute, apoiado em um caso empírico, um dos elementos centrais na conceituação do campesinato: a terra. A partir dessa discussão, aborda-se a família camponesa, seus processos de produção e reprodução social. Ademais, discute-se o panorama geral da distribuição espacial da atividade agrícola e, como consequência, o acesso e a disposição da terra no município de Patzicía, pois expressam a maneira pela qual a lógica do mercado capitalista global, não apenas penetrou, e penetra, nas comunidades locais, mas também configura e medeia as relações dentro e fora da unidade camponesa, ou seja, a organização interna da unidade camponesa e os vínculos e relações com seus arredores sociais e físicos. Nesse contexto, para os camponeses, o acesso à terra se torna difícil, quando não impossível. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar uma contextualização sobre a distribuição capitalista dos meios de produção, principalmente da terra, suas consequências na precariedade e a transformação da vida das famílias camponesas, assim como as respostas e possíveis alternativas que eles têm no nível local. Sobre a perspectiva metodológica que se seguiu neste estudo, foi escolhida a qualitativa, com base etnográfica a partir de um estudo de comunidade. Logo, a comunidade de estudo consistiu nas famílias camponesas, no município de Patzicía, CH, Guatemala.
Aquisição e Produção do Conhecimento em Geomorfologia: a investigação geomorfológica e seus conceitos fundantes
Authors: Barros Pedro Henrique Corrêa de Araújo , Valadão Roberto Célio
Published: January 2022

O trabalho evidencia a Geomorfologia como uma ciência que se estrutura fundamentalmente a partir dos dados fornecidos pela observação, findando na construção de leis e teorias de maior escopo, à medida que os fatos se tornam mais refinados devido a aperfeiçoamentos das capacidades de observação e experimentação. Mesmo a natureza da observação sendo ativa e seletiva, já que há "expectativas inatas" que desdobram em critérios de seleção, culminando, por vezes, em percepções e representações distintas sobre uma mesma realidade, é possível traçar as linhas mestras que balizam e norteiam a estruturação do conhecimento geomorfológico. O objetivo do trabalho é, portanto, sublinhar que a produção do conhecimento geomorfológico esteve invariável e historicamente, em menor ou maior medida, atrelada a específicos conceitos fundantes, sistematizados no que se tem, por ora, denominado Tríade Geomorfológica
Parques temáticos e aquáticos no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Alexandre Queiroz , Dantas Eustogio Wanderley Correia
Published: January 2022

Os parques temáticos e aquáticos são estruturas de lazer disseminadas por todos os continentes, configurando-se como importantes espaços turísticos. O Brasil também tem participação nesse sistema e apresenta exemplos caros à análise. Assim sendo, objetivamos apreender lógica espacial de instalação e funcionamento dos referidos no Brasil e a convergir como indutor e, concomitantemente, induzido pelo processo de urbanização e a metropolização do espaço, em tônica basilar de instituição dos lazeres como elemento central na reprodução das  cidades e do urbano. Enquanto base de dados, serão utilizados os dados do relatório Global Attractions Attendance da Themed Entertainment Association (TEA). A lógica de localização dos parques foi analisada via cartografia multiescalar, mas, sobretudo, a regional e a metropolitana. A escolha analítica destaca a possível relação entre o urbano e o turístico ao refletir o papel desses parques na constituição de espacialidades semelhantes a complexos turísticos em zonas de expansão urbano-metropolitana.
Valoração monetária da arborização urbana baseada na magnitude da copa em Piracicaba/Brasil
Authors: Mendes Flávio Henrique , Romero Hugo , Lopes António Manuel Saraiva , Franco Maria de Assunção Ribeiro , Silva Filho Demóstenes Ferreira da
Published: January 2022

A arborização urbana proporciona importantes serviços ecossistêmicos, porém, cada vez mais ela compete pelo espaço com grandes superfícies cinzentas, o que a pode tornar um elemento secundário no planejamento das cidades. A valoração monetária das árvores urbanas aparece, então, como mais uma alternativa capaz de mostrar a relevância desses seres vivos. Existem diversos métodos que realizam este cálculo, entretanto, são complexos e não estão ao alcance da população, que almeja melhores condições climáticas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver um método simplificado de valoração baseado na relação entre a área da copa, o Índice de Área Foliar (IAF) e um parâmetro médio R$/m2 de copa encontrado na literatura, ou seja, na magnitude da copa, uma vez que a maior parte dos serviços ecossistêmicos provém dela. O IAF pode ser estimado por meio de lentes olho de peixe a um preço razoável (menos que R$ 25,00), enquanto que a área de copa medida in loco (ou calibrada no passo). O presente estudo foi realizado em Piracicaba/SP/Brasil, na qual as 60.146 árvores urbanas podem retornar aproximadamente R$ 41 milhões (USD 8,2 milhões) por ano em serviços ecossistêmicos. Investigações como esta, as chamadas Soluções baseadas na Natureza (SbN), poderão auxiliar no planejamento, gestão e formulação de políticas públicas, e até como pagamento por serviços ambientais (descontos em IPTU) aos moradores que possuam árvores em frente à sua casa.
Medial Arterial Calcification: A Significant and Independent Contributor of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: St. Hilaire Cynthia
Published: January 2022

Over 200 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have peripheral artery disease (PAD). Although the term peripheral can refer to any outer branch of the vasculature, the focus of this review is on lower-extremity arteries. The initial sequelae of PAD often include movement-induced cramping pain in the hips and legs or loss of hair and thinning of the skin on the lower limbs. PAD progresses, sometimes rapidly, to cause nonhealing ulcers and critical limb ischemia which adversely affects mobility and muscle tone; acute limb ischemia is a medical emergency. PAD causes great pain and a high risk of amputation and ultimately puts patients at significant risk for major adverse cardiovascular events. The negative impact on patients’ quality of life, as well as the medical costs incurred, are huge. Atherosclerotic plaques are one cause of PAD; however, emerging clinical data now shows that nonatherosclerotic medial arterial calcification (MAC) is an equal and distinct contributor. This
ATVB
In Focus article will present the recent clinical findings on the prevalence and impact of MAC in PAD, discuss the known pathways that contribute specifically to MAC in the lower extremity, and highlight gaps in knowledge and tools that limit our understanding of MAC pathogenesis.
Piera Paola Pasoliniego pętla faszystowska
Authors: Kozłowski Michał
Published: January 2022

Pier Paolo Pasolini’s Pendulum Swing on FascismThe following work is a case study. Its purpose is to reconstruct a particular situation involving the recognition and understanding of fascism. This situation is determined by both history and the social dynamics of the present day. The time and place is Italy of the 1960s and 70s, the observer – Pier Paolo Pasolini. But not because he offers us an original, complex and versatile theory of fascism. On the contrary, Pasolini can be superficial and rash, while his polemic passion often devours the argument and the analysis. However, Pasolini’s method of intellectual and political involvement allows us to use it as a keystone of a makeshift synthesis of a certain version of leftist anti-fascism. Piera Paola Pasoliniego pętla faszystowskaPoniższy tekst jest studium przypadku. Jego celem jest odtworzenie pewnej sytuacji rozpoznawania i rozumienia faszyzmu. Sytuacja ta jest wyznaczona zarówno przez historię, jak i przez społeczną dynamikę współczesności. Czas i miejsce to Włochy lat sześćdziesiątych i siedemdziesiątych XX wieku. Podmiotem rozpoznającym jest Pier Paolo Pasolini. Nie dlatego, że oferuje nam oryginalną, złożoną i wszechstronną teorię faszyzmu. Przeciwnie, Pasolini bywa powierzchowny, gwałtowny, jego pasja polemiczna często pochłania argument i analizę. Jednak sposób intelektualnego i politycznego zaangażowania Pasoliniego pozwala nam posłużyć się nim jako zwornikiem w prowizorycznej syntezie pewnej wersji lewicowego antyfaszyzmu.
Under a Non-Existent Commemorative Plaque: The 84th Anniversary of the Introduction of the Ghetto Bench at the University of Warsaw – A Speech Delivered at the Ceremony Organized by the Student Antifascist Committee in the Courtyard of the University of Warsaw on October 5, 2021
Authors: Janicka Elżbieta
Published: January 2022

The ghetto bench (1937) is emblematic of the process by which anti-Semitism was legalized and institutionalized in the interwar Republic of Poland (1918–1939). This text focuses on the failure to include this knowledge in the mainstream narrative, a problem which continues to this day. The lack of an integrated history results from a lack of condemnation, and from the fact that the dominant majority has not broken away from the framework of assumptions of concealed processes and events. After 1989, these assumptions have been additionally celebrated in the cult of interwar Polish statehood. The collision of the Polish dominant culture with the liberal-democratic formal-legal framework produced the collapse of liberal democracy in Poland (2015). This text thus questions the location of the ghetto bench and its cultural representations in the field of memory studies. By pointing to the current stakes of the discourse on Polish anti-Semitism, the author calls for a revision of socio-cultural norms which means socio-cultural change.
A Component Content Measurement Method Modified Using Indirect Hard Modeling for Polymer Blends Based on Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Linlin , Fang Yuan , Lin Zenan , Shi Shengyu , Wu Heng , Liang Xianrong , Wang Mengmeng , Jin Gang
Published: January 2022

Raman spectroscopy has been proven to be useful for the component content measurement of polymer blends. However, the soft modeling methods commonly used in quantitative analysis of Raman spectroscopy require a large number of training samples, resulting in a waste of materials and time. This work adopted a modified indirect hard modeling (IHM) method to measure the component content of polymer blends based on Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) blends with different component content were collected and resolved into the sum of multiple Voigt peak functions. For a large number of peak parameters, the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy was used to screen out the characteristic Voigt peaks highly correlated with component content to reduce the parameter dimensions and build the parameterized spectral models. The spectral model of the blend was expressed as the weighted sum of the pure component spectral models, during which the parameters of the pure component models were adjusted within a range. According to the relationship between the weight and content of the pure component, a linear regression model for component content prediction was established. The coefficient of determination (R2)/root mean squared error of the IHM component content prediction model was 0.9931/0.4367 wt%. Besides, two popular soft modeling methods, partial least squares and artificial neural network, were compared with the IHM method, which showed that the IHM model had higher prediction accuracy with fewer training samples.
Smart Error Sum Based on Hybrid Two-Trace Two-Dimensional (2T2D) Correlation Analysis
Authors: Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Richard-Lacroix Marie , Pahlow Susanne , Hübner Uwe , Popp Jürgen
Published: January 2022

Based on hybrid 2D correlation analysis, we recently derived and introduced a “smart error sum,” a sophisticated loss function that can be used for solving nonlinear inverse problems like the determination of optical constants and oscillator parameters from a series of optical spectra in the infrared spectral region. The advantage of the smart error sum compared to the conventional sum of squared errors lies in its ability to marginalize multiplicative systematic errors such as, for example, reflectance values above unity in transflection spectra. This is enabled by a transformation, which allows fits to not exclusively focus on forcing fit spectra to agree with experimental spectra at every wavenumber point by all means, but also to take correlations such as spectral similarities and their changes with certain perturbations into account. In this work, we extend our approach to accommodate the treatment of individual spectra, instead of only series, based on hybrid two-trace two-dimensional (2T2D) correlation analysis. We evaluate and prove the value of our approach by individually analyzing experimental transflection spectra of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) layers on gold substrates. The comparison of the results with those obtained by the original smart error sum based on the whole set of spectra as well as those resulting from conventional fitting of series and individual spectra (using the conventional sum of squared errors) confirms the validity and soundness of the 2T2D smart error sum.