bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dohra- a mixture of potent carcinogens
Authors: Sharma Vishwas , Nandan Amrita , Shukla Ajay Kumar , Chandra Anshika , Kaushik Ravi , Sinha Dhirendra Narain , Mehrotra Ravi
Published: September 2018

Background & objectives:

Dohra is a areca nut preparation used with or without tobacco in a few of the areas of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. There is evidence that it causes potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer. This study was undertaken to provide information on dohra by searching through literature and also through a survey in three areas of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India.

Methods:

The information on dohra was collected through literature search, study tour to different areas of UP, where group discussions with dohra vendors and with community members of different age group were done to obtain information.

Results:

Dohra was prepared by the users for their personal use or prepared by small-scale industry for sale. It was available mostly in betel shops or any other store/kiosks and was also available in special dohra shops. Dohra was available in both dry and wet form. Its common constituents were areca nut, catechu (Acacia catechu), edible lime, peppermint (Mentha piperita), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and some flavoring agents. Dohra was consumed as such or with tobacco.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Different varieties of Dohra were available such as sukha dohra, sukha mulethi dohra and geela dohra. Different processing methods for producing dohra existed. As dohra increases the risk of cancer, it needs to be banned or it should be sold in packets with the details of its constituents and also statutory warning about its adverse health effects.
Setting research priorities in smokeless tobacco control
Authors: Gulati Harleen Kaur , Kumar Amit , Dhama Ajay Singh , Gupta Ruchika , Sharma Amitesh Kumar , Singh Harpreet , Sinha Dhirendra Narain , Mehrotra Ravi
Published: September 2018

Background & objectives:

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has become a global menace; India being one of the high-burden countries contributes about 67 per cent of its users. Although research is ongoing on various aspects of SLT use and its effects, there is a need to identify the still under-researched areas in this field. This study was aimed at delineating the quantum of research on various topics of SLT, with intent to delineate research gaps for guiding future research priorities.

Methods:

Data about research in SLT were collected from PubMed database using ‘smokeless tobacco’ as a keyword and applying Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms filter. Data were extracted in XML (Extensible Markup Language) format and parsed into database to extract necessary fields such as PubMed IDs, authors’ names, affiliations and MeSH terms. Quantum of research in various aspects of SLT was identified for individual MeSH terms and compared for global and Indian data.

Results:

Data analysis of 2857 records revealed that maximum number of articles was devoted to adverse effects (35.6%) followed by epidemiology (32.4%). In comparison, India contributed only 11.7 per cent of records with maximum number of articles on the topics of epidemiology (26%) and adverse effects (45.8%). Higher proportion of research was published on epidemiology, aetiology and prevention and control at global level, while adverse effects of SLT were researched more in Indian studies as compared to global data.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The present analysis highlighted the paucity of research studies on important topics such as economics and alternative strategies of SLT control, both on the global and regional levels.
Corkscrewing of retinal arterioles leading to diagnosis of coarctation of aorta
Authors: Shaik A , Praveen Kumar KV , Chiranjeevi P , Khader S Abdul
Published: September 2018

Coarctation of aorta (CoA) usually leads to elevation of blood pressure above the site of obstruction and this elevated blood pressure probably gets transferred and is reflected in the retinal arterioles producing certain signs of hypertensive retinopathy. Fundus examination helps in differentiating hypertension due to CoA from other causes of juvenile hypertension, as corkscrewing of retinal arterioles is seen only in CoA but not in other conditions. A 16 year hypertensive male who was on antihypertensive treatment presented for routine checkup. On examination his visual acuity was 6/6 in both eyes. Funduscopy of both eyes revealed a normal optic disc with generalised narrowing of arterioles and broadened light reflex. The arterioles showed corkscrew tortuosity (U shaped arterioles). Based on the fundus findings, CoA was suspected and the patient was referred for cardiac evaluation. Echocardiogram revealed post ductal CoA. In juvenile hypertension, careful examination of the fundus can provide a clue to the systemic diagnosis and this case highlights the importance of ophthalmoscopic examination in diagnosing a potentially fatal systemic disease.
Deep Learning Applied on Refined Opinion Review Datasets
Authors: Jost Ingo , Valiati Joao Francisco
Published: September 2018

Deep Learning has been successfully applied in hard to solve areas, such as image recognition and audioclassification. However, Deep Learning has not yet reached the same performance when employed in textual data,including Opinion Mining. In models that implement a deep architecture, Deep Learning is characterized by theautomatic feature selection step. The impact of previous data refinement in the pre-processing step before theapplication of Deep Learning is investigated to identify opinion polarity. This refinement includes the use of aclassical procedure of textual content and a popular feature selection technique. The results of the experimentsovercome the results of the current literature with the Deep Belief Network application in opinion classification.In addition to overcoming the results, their presentation is broader than the related works, considering the changeof parameter variables. We prove that combining feature selection with a basic preprocessing step, aiming toincrease data quality, might achieve promising results with Deep Belief Network implementation.
Symbolic dynamics for three-dimensional flows with positive topological entropy
Authors: Lima Yuri , Sarig Omri M.
Published: September 2018

We construct symbolic dynamics on sets of full measure (with respect to an ergodic measure of positive entropy) for

C^{1+\epsilon}

flows on closed smooth three-dimensional manifolds. One consequence is that the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle of a closed

C^\infty

surface has at least const

\times e^{hT}/T

simple closed orbits of period less than

T

, whenever the topological entropy

h

is positive—and without further assumptions on the curvature.
О существовании базиса в дополняемом подпространстве ядерного пространства Кeте из класса $(d_1)$
Authors: Dronov Aleksei Konstantinovich , Kaplitskii Vitalii Markovich
Published: September 2018

Дано доказательство существования базиса в произвольном дополняемом подпространстве ядерного пространства Кeте из класса $(d_1)$ при условии, что соответствующая матрица Кeте является правильной в смысле М. М. Драгилева. Показано также, что в каждом таком подпространстве существует базис, квазиэквивалентный части базиса ортов.
Библиография: 21 название.
Элементарное доказательство теоремы Понселе о бицентрических многоугольниках
Authors: Shelekhov Aleksandr Mikhailovich
Published: September 2018

Дано новое доказательство теоремы Понселе о бицентрических многоугольниках, основанное на обобщении понятия ортоцентра для $n$-угольника. Отмечены некоторые свойства бицентрических многоугольников и найдены обобщения формулы Эйлера, связывающей
радиусы вписанной и описанной окружностей и расстояние между их центрами для выпуклых $n$-угольников при $n=4, 5, 6$, а также для невыпуклого пятиугольника. В заключение рассматривается конструкция из трех связанных между собой бицентрических пятиугольников.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Zika Virus–Associated Cerebellitis with Complete Clinical Recovery
Authors: Pachar Mónica R. , Araúz Dimelza , Gundacker Nathan D. , Suárez Marixcel , Suárez José Antonio , Moreno Brechla , López-Vergès Sandra , Araúz Ana B.
Published: September 2018

Zika virus (ZIKV) was first detected in the Americas in Brazil in 2015, with a rapid spread to surrounding countries. In Panama, the outbreak began in November 2015 in an indigenous community located on the Caribbean side of the country. Zika virus is typically associated with a diffuse rash, fever, and conjunctivitis. It can rarely cause neurologic manifestations, most commonly microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Encephalitis and acute encephalomyelitis are known complications, but ZIKV-associated cerebellitis has yet to be reported in the literature. Herein, we report a case of cerebellitis in a patient infected with ZIKV. This patient developed severe frontal headache and vertigo on the third day of illness, and dysarthria and ataxia on the fifth day. After 1 week of hospitalization, the patient completely recovered. The laboratory serological diagnosis was complicated because of the detection of antibodies against dengue, suggesting a secondary flavivirus infection.
Los diagramas como materialización de la investigación en arte y diseño
Authors: Rowan Jaron , Camps Marta
Published: September 2018

El mundo académico adolece de métodos más creativos de investigación capaces de vincular y comprender sociedades cada vez más complejas, las nuevas realidades digitales y las estéticas contemporáneas. El arte y el diseño como disciplinas de investigación no son ajenos a esta realidad. En el siguiente artículo se va a defender la necesidad de definir métodos de investigación propios para enfrentarse a nuestro presente y a posibles futuros. Para ello se exploran algunas de estas prácticas en investigación en y con arte y diseño, subrayando la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias y prácticas en las que la materialidad de los objetos y las herramientas convivan con lo abstracto, lo simbólico y lo intangible. En este artículo exploraremos el potencial del diagrama como herramienta de investigación y ahondaremos en sus implicaciones filosóficas con la ayuda del trabajo de Deleuze y Guattari. Especularemos en torno al potencial de los diagramas como método de aprendizaje y creación de conocimiento. Este artículo quiere dar cuenta de la importancia de crear espacios donde el arte, el diseño, la filosofía y la investigación se unen para crear artefactos extraños y extraordinarios que pueden ayudarnos a entender mejor el mundo y sus diferentes materialidades.
DIY y producción audiovisual amateur. Tensiones en la construcción de las visualidades contemporáneas
Authors: Moreno Acosta Adriana Marcela
Published: September 2018

El texto presenta aproximaciones teóricas junto con aspectos históricos alrededor de las ideas del DIY (Do It Yourself) desde una postura vinculada con los estudios visuales y con la intención de proponer una perspectiva crítica hacia los regímenes de la visualidad. Se retoma el concepto de capitalismo cultural electrónico (ec-k), para complejizar en este entramado de relaciones y procesos, individuales y colectivos, con la intención de argumentar que muchas ideas alrededor de la producción amateur han estado presentes a lo largo del siglo XX y XXI cumpliendo con una función que se postula como regularizadora del ocio y el tiempo libre al interior de las denominadas mutaciones y transformaciones del capitalismo.

Rastrear estas cuestiones e intentar traerlas a la luz del panorama actual de la producción de contenidos audiovisuales en Internet, permite señalar variaciones y continuidades, que incluyen la repetición de procesos de estandarización, los cuales nos muestran implicaciones simbólicas y culturales de la atribución de roles para designar a quienes desarrollan cierto tipo de actividades en el tiempo libre y los procesos de colonización de ese tiempo de ocio en tareas relacionadas con la producción material y simbólica. Se argumenta que las condiciones actuales de la producción audiovisual amateur en Internet, no podrían comprenderse de manera profunda sin incluir una mirada retrospectiva a estas tareas aparentemente espontáneas, las cuales han respondido históricamente a intereses de mercado en contextos espacio-temporales específicos en los cuales se introducen patrones de forma y contenido (visual y audiovisual), que abonan para convertir a estas producciones, que en un principio podrían pensarse como participativas, originales y/o propiciadoras de espacios de expresión más horizontales, en producciones bastante homogéneas y arquetípicas.

 
Counteractive effects of regional transport and emission control on the formation of fine particles: a case study during the Hangzhou G20 summit
Authors: Ji Ying , Qin Xiaofei , Wang Bo , Xu Jian , Shen Jiandong , Chen Jianmin , Huang Kan , Deng Congrui , Yan Renchang , Xu Kaier , Zhang Tian
Published: September 2018

Abstract. To evaluate the effect of temporary emission control measures on air quality
during the 2016 G20 summit held in Hangzhou, China, an intensive field
campaign was conducted with a focus on aerosol chemistry and gaseous
precursors from 15 August to 12 September 2016. The concentrations of fine
particles were reduced during the intense emission control stages, with the
reduction of carbonaceous matter being mostly responsible for this observed
decrease. This, in turn, was mainly ascribed to the decrease of secondary
organic aerosols via the suppression of daytime peak secondary organic carbon
(SOC)formation. Although the regional joint control was enacted extending to the Yangtze River Delta
region, the effect of long-range transport on the air quality of Hangzhou was
ubiquitous. Unexpectedly high NOx concentrations were
observed during the control stage, when the strictest restriction on vehicles
was implemented, owing to contributions from upstream populous regions such
as Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. In addition, the continental outflow
traveling over the ocean triggered a short pollution episode on the first day
of the G20 summit, resulting in a significant enhancement of the
nitrogen/sulfur oxidation rates. In the wake of the summit, all air
pollutants evidently rebounded after the various control measures were
lifted. Overall, the fraction of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA; in this
case sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium aerosols – SNA) in PM2.5
increased as relative humidity increased; however, the overall concentration
of PM2.5 did not increase. Aerosol components that
had distinctly different sources and formation mechanisms, e.g.,
sulfate/nitrate and elemental carbon, exclusively showed strong correlations
during the regional/long-range transport episodes. The sulfate, nitrate, and
ammonium to elemental carbon (SNA∕EC) ratio, which was used as a proxy
for assessing the extent of secondary inorganic aerosol formation, was found
to be significantly enhanced under transport conditions from northern China.
This study highlighted that emission control strategies were beneficial for
curbing particulate pollution, in addition to the fact that
regional/long-range transport may offset local emission control effects to
some extent.
Abundances, emissions, and loss processes of the long-lived and
potent greenhouse gas octafluorooxolane
(octafluorotetrahydrofuran, c-C4F8O) in the atmosphere
Authors: Vollmer Martin K. , Bernard François , Mitrevski Blagoj , Steele L. Paul , Trudinger Cathy M. , Reimann Stefan , Langenfelds Ray L. , Krummel Paul B. , Fraser Paul J. , Etheridge David M. , Curran Marc A. J. , Burkholder James B.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The first observations of octafluorooxolane (octafluorotetrahydrofuran, c-C4F8O), a persistent greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere are reported. In addition, a complimentary laboratory study of its most likely atmospheric loss processes and infrared absorption spectrum and global warming potential (GWP) are reported. First atmospheric measurements of c-C4F8O are provided from the Cape Grim Air Archive (41° S, Tasmania, Australia, 1978–present), supplemented by two firn air samples from Antarctica, in situ measurements of ambient air at Aspendale, Victoria (38° S), and a few archived air samples from the Northern Hemisphere. Atmospheric abundances in the Southern Hemisphere have reached 74 ppq (parts per quadrillion, femtomol mol-1 in dry air) by 2017. However its growth rate has decreased from a maximum in 2004 of 4.3 ppq yr-1 to
A seesaw haze pollution in North China modulated by sub-seasonal variability of atmospheric circulation
Authors: Zhang Ge , Gao Yang , Cai Wenju , Leung L. Ruby , Wang Shuxiao , Zhao Bin , Wang Minghuai , Shan Huayao , Yao Xiaohong , Gao Huiwang
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Utilizing a recent observational particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) dataset in North China, this study reveals a distinct seesaw feature of abnormally high and low PM2.5 concentrations in the adjacent two months of December 2015 and January 2016, accompanied by distinct meteorological modulations. The seesaw pattern is postulated to be linked to super El Niño and the Arctic Oscillation (AO). During the mature phase of El Niño in December 2015, the weakened East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and the associated low-level southerly wind anomaly reduced planetary boundary layer height, favoring strong haze formation. This circulation pattern was completely reversed in the following month, in part due to a sudden phase change of the AO from positive to negative and the beginning of a decay of the El Niño, which enhanced the southward shift of the upper-tropospheric jet from December to January relative to climatology, leading to an enhanced EAWM and substantially lower haze formation. This sub-seasonal change in circulation is also robustly found in 1982/1983 and 1997/1998, implicative of a general physical mechanism dynamically linked to El Niño and the AO. Numerical experiments with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model were used to test the modulation of the meteorological conditions on haze formation. With the same emission, simulations for three super El Niño periods (1983, 1997 and 2015) robustly show higher PM2.5 concentrations under the mature phase of the super El Niño, but substantially lower PM2.5 concentrations during the decay phase of El Niño (and the sudden AO phase change), further verifying the modulation effect of sub-seasonal circulation anomaly on PM2.5 concentrations in North China.
Upper tropospheric CH4 and CO affected by the South Asian summer monsoon during OMO
Authors: Tomsche Laura , Pozzer Andrea , Ojha Narendra , Parchatka Uwe , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) is a yearly recurring phenomenon in the northern hemispheric upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. It is connected to the South Asian summer monsoon, and the circulation extends approximately across 20°–120° E and 15°–40° N longitude-latitude. It has a clearly observable signature due to vertical transport of polluted air masses from the surface to the upper troposphere by the monsoon convection. However, the transport pathways and the fate of pollutants in the upper troposphere are not yet fully understood. As pollution emissions in South Asia are increasing, changes in the chemical composition of the AMA can be expected. We performed in situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) in the region of monsoon outflow and in background air in the upper troposphere (Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula, Arabian Sea) by optical absorption spectroscopy on board the German High Altitude and Long range (HALO) research aircraft during the OMO (Oxidation Mechanism Observations) mission in summer 2015. We identified the transport pathways and the origin of the trace gases with back trajectories, calculated with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, and we compared the in situ data with simulations of the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model EMAC. CH4 and CO mixing ratios were found to be enhanced within the AMA, on average by 72.1 ppb and 20.1 ppb, respectively, originating in the South Asian region (Indio-Gangetic Plain, North East India, Bangladesh and Bay of Bengal). It appears that CH4 is an ideal monsoon tracer in the upper troposphere due to its extended lifetime and the strong South Asian emissions. Furthermore, we used the measurements and model results to study the dynamics of the AMA, with an emphasis on the southern and western areas within the upper troposphere. For example, we distinguished four AMA modes based on different meteorological conditions. During one occasion we observed that under the influence of dwindling flow the transport barrier between the anticyclone and its surroundings weakened, expelling air masses from the AMA. The trace gases exhibited a distinct fingerprint of the AMA, and we also found that CH4 accumulated over the course of the OMO campaign.
Nitrogen-containing Secondary Organic Aerosols Formation by Acrolein Reaction with Ammonia/Ammonium
Authors: Li Zhijian , Nizkorodov Sergey A. , Chen Hong , Lu Xiaohui , Yang Xin , Chen Jianmin
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Ammonia-driven carbonyl-to-imine conversion is an important formation pathway to the nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOC) in secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Previous studies have mainly focused on the dicarbonyl compounds as the precursors of light-absorbing NOC. In this work, we investigated whether acrolein could also act as a NOC precursor. Acrolein is the simplest α,β-unsaturated mono-carbonyl compound, and it is ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Experiments probing gas-phase and surface reactions of acrolein as well as bulk liquid-phase experiments were carried out to study the reactivity of acrolein towards ammonia and ammonium ions. Molecular characterization of the products based on gas chromatography mass spectrometry, high resolution mass spectrometry, surface enhanced Raman spectrometry and Ultraviolet/visible spectrometry was used to propose possible reaction mechanisms. We observed 3-methyl pyridine (also called 3-picoline) in the gas phase in the Tedlar bag filled with gaseous acrolein and ammonia. In the liquid phase, oligomeric compounds with formulas (C3H4O)m(C3H5N)n and pyridinium compounds like (C3H4O)2C6H8N+ were observed as the products of acrolein reaction with ammonium ions. The 3-picoline could be the product of acrolein reaction with gaseous ammonia in the gas phase. The pathway to 3-picoline was proposed to be the intramolecular carbon-carbon addition of the hemiaminal which resulted from sequential carbonyl-to-imine conversions of acrolein molecules. The similar reaction of dissolved acrolein with ammonium ions leads to the formation of 3-methyl pyridinium (also called 3-picolinium) cations in the liquid phase. The (C3H4O)2C6H8N+ was a carbonyl-to-hemiaminal product from acrolein dimer and 3-picolinium cations, while the oligomeric products of (C3H4O)m(C3H5N)n were polymers of acroleins and propylene imines via carbonyl-to-imine conversion and condensation reactions. Part of the 3-picolinium could re-volatilize to the gas phase as 3-picoline, explaining the observation of gaseous 3-picoline in the bag filled with acrolein and ammonium sulfates (or chlorides) aerosols. The pH value effect on the liquid products was also studied in the bulk liquid-phase experiments. Compared to the oligomeric compounds forming in both acid and alkaline conditions, there is a tendency for the pyridinium products to be formed under moderately acidic conditions. Both the oligomeric products and the pyridinium salts are light absorbing materials. This work suggests a potential role for acrolein reaction with ammonia/ammonium as a source of light-absorbing heterocyclic NOC in SOA. Therefore, secondary reactions of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with reduced nitrogen should be taken into account when evaluating climate and health effects of SOA.
Scaling and similarity of a stream-power incision and linear diffusion landscape evolution model
Authors: Theodoratos Nikos , Seybold Hansjörg , Kirchner James W.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The scaling and similarity of fluvial landscapes can reveal fundamental
aspects of the physics driving their evolution. Here, we perform a
dimensional analysis of the governing equation of a widely used landscape
evolution model (LEM) that combines stream-power incision and linear
diffusion laws. Our analysis assumes that length and height are conceptually
distinct dimensions and uses characteristic scales that depend only on the
model parameters (incision coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and uplift
rate) rather than on the size of the domain or of landscape features. We use
previously defined characteristic scales of length, height, and time, but, for the
first time, we combine all three in a single analysis. Using these
characteristic scales, we non-dimensionalize the LEM such that it includes
only dimensionless variables and no parameters. This significantly simplifies
the LEM by removing all parameter-related degrees of freedom. The only
remaining degrees of freedom are in the boundary and initial conditions.
Thus, for any given set of dimensionless boundary and initial conditions, all
simulations, regardless of parameters, are just rescaled copies of each
other, both in steady state and throughout their evolution. Therefore, the
entire model parameter space can be explored by temporally and spatially
rescaling a single simulation. This is orders of magnitude faster than
performing multiple simulations to span multidimensional parameter spaces. The characteristic scales of length, height and time are geomorphologically interpretable;
they define relationships between topography and the relative strengths of
landscape-forming processes. The characteristic height scale specifies how
drainage areas and slopes must be related to curvatures for a landscape to be
in steady state and leads to methods for defining valleys, estimating model
parameters, and testing whether real topography follows the LEM. The
characteristic length scale is roughly equal to the scale of the transition
from diffusion-dominated to advection-dominated propagation of topographic
perturbations (e.g., knickpoints). We introduce a modified definition of the
landscape Péclet number, which quantifies the relative influence of
advective versus diffusive propagation of perturbations. Our Péclet
number definition can account for the scaling of basin length with basin
area, which depends on topographic convergence versus divergence.
Evaluation of ECMWF-IFS (version 41R1) operational model forecasts of aerosol transport by using ceilometer network measurements
Authors: Chan Ka Lok , Wiegner Matthias , Flentje Harald , Mattis Ina , Wagner Frank , Gasteiger Josef , Geiß Alexander
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we present a comparison of model simulations of aerosol
profiles with measurements of the ceilometer network operated by the German
Weather Service (DWD) over 1 year from September 2015 to August 2016. The
aerosol forecasts are produced by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring
Service (CAMS) using the aerosol module developed within the Global and
regional Earth-system Monitoring using Satellite and in-situ data (GEMS) and
Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) projects and coupled
into the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Integrated
Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS). As the model output provides mass mixing ratios
of different types of aerosol, whereas the ceilometers do not, it is necessary
to determine a common physical quantity for the comparison. We have chosen
the attenuated backscatter β∗ for this purpose. The
β∗ profiles are calculated from the mass mixing ratios of the model
output assuming the inherent aerosol microphysical properties. Comparison of
the attenuated backscatter averaged between an altitude of 0.2 km (typical
overlap range of ceilometers) and 1 km in general shows similar annual
average values. However, the standard deviation of the difference between
model and observation is larger than the average in 8 out of 12 sites. To investigate possible reasons for the differences, we have examined the
role of the hygroscopic growth of particles and the particle shape. Our
results show that using a more recent particle growth model would result in a
∼22 % reduction of particle backscatter for sea salt aerosols,
corresponding to a 10 % reduction of the total backscatter signal on
average. Accounting for nonspherical dust particles in the model would reduce
attenuated backscatter of dust particles by ∼30 %. As the
concentration of dust aerosol is in general very low in Germany, a
significant effect on the total backscatter signal is restricted to dust
episodes. In summary, consideration of both effects tends to improve the
agreement between model and observations but without leading to a perfect
consistency. In addition, a strong Saharan dust event was investigated to study the
agreement of the spatiotemporal distribution of particles. It was found that
the arrival time of the dust layer and its vertical extent very well agree
between model and ceilometer measurements for several stations. This
underlines the potential of a network of ceilometers to validate the
dispersion of aerosol layers.
A virtual hydrological framework for evaluation of stochastic rainfall models
Authors: Bennett Bree , Thyer Mark , Leonard Michael , Lambert Martin , Bates Bryson
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Stochastic rainfall modelling is a commonly used technique for evaluating the impact of flooding, drought or climate change in a catchment. While considerable attention is given to the development of stochastic rainfall models, significantly less attention is given to performance evaluation methods. Typical evaluation methods employ a variety of rainfall statistics. However, they give limited understanding about which rainfall characteristics are most important for reliable streamflow prediction whenever the simulated rainfall are poor. To address this issue a new evaluation method for rainfall models is introduced, with three key features: (i) streamflow-based – to give a direct evaluation of modelled streamflow performance, (ii) virtual – to avoid the issue of confounding errors in hydrological models or data, and (iii) targeted – to isolate the source of errors according to specific sites and months. The virtual hydrologic evaluation framework is applied to a case study of 22 sites in South Australia. The framework demonstrated that apparently good modelled rainfall can produce poor streamflow predictions, whilst poor modelled rainfall may lead to good streamflow predictions, as catchment processes can dampen or amplify rainfall errors when converted to streamflow. The framework identified the importance of rainfall in the wetting-up months of the catchment cycle (May and June in this case study) for providing reliable predictions of streamflow over the entire year despite their low monthly flow volume. This insight would not have been found using existing methods and highlights the importance of the virtual hydrological evaluation framework for stochastic rainfall model evaluation.
Recent updates to the Copernicus Marine Service global ocean monitoring and forecasting real-time 1∕12° high-resolution system
Authors: Lellouche Jean-Michel , Greiner Eric , Le Galloudec Olivier , Garric Gilles , Regnier Charly , Drevillon Marie , Benkiran Mounir , Testut Charles-Emmanuel , Bourdalle-Badie Romain , Gasparin Florent , Hernandez Olga , Levier Bruno , Drillet Yann , Remy Elisabeth , Le Traon Pierre-Yves
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Since 19 October 2016, and in the framework of
Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), Mercator Ocean
has delivered real-time daily services (weekly analyses and daily 10-day
forecasts) with a new global 1∕12∘ high-resolution (eddy-resolving)
monitoring and forecasting system. The model component is the NEMO platform
driven at the surface by the IFS ECMWF atmospheric analyses and forecasts.
Observations are assimilated by means of a reduced-order Kalman filter with a
three-dimensional multivariate modal decomposition of the background error.
Along-track altimeter data, satellite sea surface temperature, sea ice
concentration, and in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles are
jointly assimilated to estimate the initial conditions for numerical ocean
forecasting. A 3D-VAR scheme provides a correction for the slowly evolving
large-scale biases in temperature and salinity. This paper describes the recent updates applied to the system and discusses
the importance of fine tuning an ocean monitoring and forecasting system.
It details more particularly the impact of the initialization, the
correction of precipitation, the assimilation of climatological temperature
and salinity in the deep ocean, the construction of the background error
covariance and the adaptive tuning of observation error on increasing the
realism of the analysis and forecasts. The scientific assessment of the ocean estimations are illustrated with
diagnostics over some particular years, assorted with time series over the
time period 2007–2016. The overall impact of the integration of all updates
on the product quality is also discussed, highlighting a gain in
performance and reliability of the current global monitoring and forecasting
system compared to its previous version.
The temporal and spatial variability of coastal dune erosion in the Polish Baltic coastal zone
Authors: Tylkowski Jacek
Published: September 2018

The study looked at the temporal and spatial variability of dune erosion in the Polish Baltic coastal zone in the period 1972–2008. The dynamics of coastal dune erosion in the area are presented in relationship to the main hydro-meteorological factors: storm surges and types of atmospheric circulation. The greatest destruction of the coastal dunes in Poland was observed on sandbar sections, where the erosion was over 100,000 m3 per 1 km, causing dune baseline retreat by several tens of meters. The main causes of this considerable coastal erosion are the sudden rise of the sea level and the waves during extreme storm surges, when the loss of dune sediment across the entire Polish Baltic Sea coastal zone can reach about 400,000 m3. These extremely erosive storm surges are particularly generated by cyclonic atmospheric circulation, which accounts for more than 52% of such surges from the north-west, north, and west. It was also found that sea level increases of more than 1 meter (about 602 cm) above the mean sea level (about 500 cm) can result in significant erosion of coastal dunes in Poland (>100,000 m3). However, there is a relationship between the intensity of the dune erosion and sea level. The results of the present study could be applied to studies of Baltic coastal dunes functioning in the lagoon-spit coastline, especially in the stretch from Estonia to Germany.
Derechos de la Infancia y Ciudadanía Global: una aproximación desde la comunidad educativa
Authors: Urrea Monclús Aida , Coiduras Rodríguez Jordi L. , Alsinet Mora Carles , Balsells Bailón M. Àngels , Guadix García Ignacio , Belmonte Castell Oscar
Published: September 2018

La Convención de los Derechos del Niño (CDN) es una herramienta fundamental para la educación de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Ésta debe entenderse como el marco de referencia universal que contribuye a formar niños y niñas capacitados para ejercer sus derechos de ciudadanía. Sin embargo, conocemos muy poco sobre cómo los derechos de la infancia y la ciudadanía global se integran en el sistema educativo español. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las necesidades formativas que tiene la comunidad educativa en relación a la CDN desde las dimensiones cognitiva, metodológica y actitudinal. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que ha contado con la participación de 124 personas representantes de la comunidad educativa (alumnado, docentes, padres y madres) distribuidas en 14 grupos de discusión desarrollados en 11 Comunidades Autónomas del territorio español. El análisis de contenido muestra la escasa incorporación en los centros escolares de la CDN, así como una la visión parcial de ésta por parte de los integrantes de la comunidad educativa. Se observan necesidades en la falta de estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje que fomenten la autonomía y la participación infantil en el aula y el centro. Finalmente, se observa la dificultad de posicionar a la infancia como sujeto de derechos con facultades para ejercer su ciudadanía.
El dispositivo de acoso escolar homofóbico y transfóbico: voces en una comunidad educativa
Authors: Russell Cristian Carrer
Published: September 2018

El derecho a la igualdad de niños, niñas y adolescentes indistintamente de su orientación sexual e identidad de género ha sido consagrado por distintas iniciativas internacionales. El creciente interés que recibe el acoso escolar homofóbico y transfóbico (AEHT) por parte de distintos agentes sociales sugiere la conformación de un dispositivo gubernamental. Esta investigación problematiza/aborda el AEHT a partir de identificar efectos, discursos y prácticas a través de producciones narrativas con la comunidad educativa, uno de los agentes que configuran este dispositivo. Los resultados señalan que en la comunidad educativa: a) se reproduce los discursos hegemónicos con relación al AEHT; b) se identifica los elementos característicos del AEHT en un eje de visibilidad - invisibilidad; c) se naturaliza el sistema sexo-género heteronormativo y las categorías binarias generizadas en el espacio educativo, a la vez que desarrolla mecanismos de poder/saber para erradicar los efectos de este mismo sistema y d) se atribuye la agencia y responsabilidad de intervención sobre el AEHT a las agentes educativas adultas. El estudio propone la diversidad afectiva-sexual como paradigma de “diferencia distribuida o no localizada” que ofrece una alternativa al discurso hegemónico heteronormativo de sexo-género.
Bem-estar de adolescentes e sua relação com a espiritualidade e a religiosidade: Revisão sistemática da literatura recente
Authors: Strelhow Miriam Raquel Wachholz , Castellá Sarriera Jorge
Published: September 2018

O objetivo geral deste estudo é verificar a relação entre a espiritualidade e a religiosidade e o bem-estar de adolescentes saudáveis em estudos recentes. Através de uma revisão sistemática foram selecionados 26 artigos empíricos de 2012 a 2016, em seis bases de dados eletrônicas (Scielo, Lilacs, Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus e Web of Science). Identificou-se a representação de diversas amostras, com os EUA com maior número de artigos, assim como um crescimento no número de artigos ao longo dos anos. Quanto à metodologia 20 artigos apresentaram delineamento quantitativo, cinco qualitativo e apenas um delineamento misto. Do total, três tiveram caráter longitudinal. Os artigos foram ainda analisados em relação à definição conceitual para bem-estar, espiritualidade e religiosidade, análises realizadas e resultados obtidos. Conclui-se a partir dos dados quantitativos que há relação entre religiosidade e espiritualidade com bem-estar e que essa relação é em geral positiva de baixa a moderada. E com os dados qualitativos observam-se como fatores relacionados ao bem-estar o apoio social da comunidade religiosa, o auxílio para lidar com momentos difíceis, a fé espiritual como guia para comportamentos e tomada de decisões. Limitações nos estudos foram apontadas assim como sugestões para pesquisas futuras.
Los derechos humanos de los niños: ciudadanía más allá de las “3Ps"
Authors: Gaitán Muñoz Lourdes
Published: September 2018

El reconocimiento internacional de niños, niñas y adolescentes como sujetos merecedores de derechos se ha producido a saltos, y con largos periodos intermedios, ocupados en el debate acerca de la aplicabilidad de los derechos humanos a las personas en las primeras edades de vida, donde se observa una tensión entre los deseos de avance en la autonomía de los niños y los de contención y control de sus capacidades de acción. Todo ello realizado con las mejores intenciones de avanzar en la garantía de derechos para los niños, niñas y adolescentes del mundo pero, una vez más contando escasamente con la propia concepción que tienen los niños de lo que son derechos, de lo que es sentirse ciudadano y asimismo mostrándose ciego y sordo el mundo adulto frente al ejercicio real de sus derechos y su ciudadanía por parte de los mismos. en este artículo haremos en primer lugar un repaso del estado de situación del debate respecto a los derechos y a la ciudadanía de los niños. Ello para llegar al núcleo, a lo que constituye el objetivo principal de nuestro razonamiento, que consiste en proponer que, si se desea verdaderamente avanzar en la práctica de los derechos humanos universales, es preciso “deconstruir” el relato creado para explicar los derechos de los niños para “reconstruirlo” en su esencia original y “recrearlo” a través de las políticas y las prácticas.
Managing the “valley of death” between the management research and the management practice: An empirical academic evidence
Authors:   Departamento de Organización de Empresas, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Enrique Villegas Vélez 2,11002 Cádiz (España). jesus.defrutos@uca.es, de Frutos Belizón Jesús , Martín Alcázar Fernando ,   Departamento de Organización de Empresas, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Enrique Villegas Vélez 2,11002 Cádiz (España). fernando.martin@uca.es, Sánchez Gardey Gonzalo ,   Departamento de Organización de Empresas, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Enrique Villegas Vélez 2,11002 Cádiz (España). gonzalo.sanchez@uca.es
Published: September 2018

The knowledge generated by academics in the field of Management is often criticized because of its reduced relevance for professionals. In recent studies, researchers agree that there is an important gap between management research and practice. However, the literature in this topic does not represent a finely structured discourse, and for the most part, it is not based on empirical works. In this paper, we make a double contribution to this literature: 1) First, an extensive literature has been developed with the aim of analysing and providing different solutions that allow linking both communities. In order to offer a more systematic view of literature in this topic, we classify these works into three different currents according to the ideas in which they are held. 2) On the other hand, the review of the literature shows that there is a need to develop more empirical evidence to help identify different causes or determinants of the gap between both communities in our field. Therefore, we identify different causes that may cause a disconnection with professionals in our field, through empirical evidence obtained in interviews with 15 academics belonging to the discipline of Management. Finally, this work concludes with a discussion of the main findings derived from the qualitative analysis and different practical recommendations that could help close the gap.
Sex, violence and stereotypes in the brand equity of a series. The case of Game of Thrones
Authors:   Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Facultad de Educación, Economía y Tecnología de Ceuta, C/ Cortadura del Valle s/n, 51001, Ceuta (España). alvarorojas@ugr.es, Rojas Lamorena Álvaro J. , Alcántara Pilar Juan Miguel ,   Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Facultad de Educación, Economía y Tecnología de Ceuta, C/ Cortadura del Valle s/n, 51001, Ceuta (España). jmap@ugr.es, Rodríguez López Mª Eugenia ,   Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Facultad de Educación, Economía y Tecnología de Ceuta, C/ Cortadura del Valle s/n, 51001, Ceuta (España). eugeniarodriguez@ugr.es
Published: September 2018

Theoretical framework. The audiovisual sector has grown and evolved in recent years with the appearance of new products and companies that strive to achieve leadership in the sector, such as HBO or Netflix. Thus, the “Third Golden Age of Television” brings with it an increase in sexual, violent and stereotyped contents in television series. Objective. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of these three elements in the construction of the Brand Equity of a series, specifically in the case of Game of Thrones. Methodology. Through a questionnaire supplied to a sample of 240 subjects, analyzes are carried out by means of structural equations through LISREL, in order to determine the existence of relationships between attitude toward sex, violence and stereotypes and the formation of Brand Equity. Results. The results confirm the existence of a direct and positive relationship between attitudes towards violence, sex and stereotypes and the formation of Brand Equity. Conclusions. This research increases the literature related to Brand Equity, in a novel sector such as television series, confirming the importance of sex, violence and stereotypes when building Brand Equity. Implications: This study can serve as a tool for the producers of television series, in general, and of Game of Thrones, in particular, since they should balance the presence of these contents in their creations since they can affect the evaluation by the spectators, affecting their Brand Equity.
Challenges of Introducing Islamic Banking to the Global Financial Market
Authors: Afshar Tahmoures A. , Muhtaseb Majed R.
Published: September 2018

In November 2015, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) decided to add Islamic finance to its monitoring of financial sectors around the world. The IMF traditionally has focused on conventional banking but recently it has become interested in Islamic banking and finance due to its phenomenal growth. Islamic banking assets exceed $2 trillion globally. This decision of the IMF has brought tremendous opportunity for Islamic banking constituents all over the world. However, many practitioners and supervisory authorities may not be aware of the fundamental differences between Islamic and conventional banking. This paper attempts to identify the major differences between the Conventional and Islamic Banking, and discuss the challenges of integrating Islamic banking and finance into the global financial markets.
INFLUÊNCIA DOS TUTORES NO HÁBITO INGESTIVO DE CÃES
Authors: Gouvêa Fernanda De Lucena , Coelho Isadora Comparsi , Prato Brenda Santaiana , Machado Geruza Silveira
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar através de um questionário se os tutores podem influenciar o hábito ingestivo de seus cães e ao favorecimento do consumo de outros alimentos além do alimento completo e balanceado. O questionário continha 28 perguntas do tipo misto com perguntas abertas e fechadas, foi difundido através das redes sociais no período de janeiro de 2018 a abril de 2018, e obteve-se 397 respostas. Através dos resultados foi possível concluir que a rotina dos tutores influencia o hábito ingestivo dos cães, e que os tutores dividem o alimento humano com os cães e influenciam na forma de alimentação desses animais.
Uso de bentonita e zeólita sobre as características fecais de cães
Authors: Lima Daniele Cristina , Santos Marley Conceição , Sabchuck Tabyta Tamara , Mazur Amanda , Martins Adriana Paula , Oliveira Simone Gisele
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características fecais de cães alimentados com dietas contendo bentonita ou zeólita. Foram utilizados 12 cães adultos da raça Beagle distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os cães foram alimentados durante dois períodos de 7 dias (5 dias de adaptação e 2 dias de coleta de fezes), totalizando 8 repetições. Foram realizadas análises de amônia, pH, escore, odor, matéria seca e produção de fezes. Entre os testes realizados houve redução apenas no odor fecal (P=0,002) para cães que foram alimentados com as dietas contendo bentonita e zeólita. A inclusão de 0,5% destes aditivos reduz o odor fecal, entretanto não altera os outros parâmetros analisados.