bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI CISANGKAN KOTA CIMAHI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rosmeiliyana Rosmeiliyana , Wardhani Eka
Published: August 2021

Sungai Cisangkan merupakan sungai yang mengalir di Kota Cimahi yang menerima limbah domestik, industri, dan pertanian yang berasal dari daerah aliran sungai. Perkembangan industri dan pemukiman di sepanjang aliran sungai menyebabkan kualitas air sungai menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas air Sungai Cisangkan berdasarkan baku mutu menurut PP Nomor 82/2001 kelas 2. Analisis kualitas air dilakukan di 3 titik mewakili bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir sungai.  Data dikumpulkan  pada 3 periode pengambilan yaitu Bulan April, September, dan Desember 2019. Parameter yang diukur dan diamati sebanyak 32 parameter yang terdiri dari parameter fisika, kimia, dan mikrobiologi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 16 parameter yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu terdiri dari 2 parameter fisika, 14 kimia, dan 2 mikrobiologi. Berdasarkan parameter yang tidak memenuhi bakumutu sumber pencemar dominan diprediksi berasal dari aktivitas pemukiman karena nilai BOD5, COD, TSS, minyak dan lemak, detergen MBAS, Total Coliform serta fecal Coliform tidak memenuhi baku mutu di seluruh titik sampling pada 3 kali pengukuran. Hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan sebagai data dasar pengelolaan limbah cair domestik di DAS Cisangkan Kota Cimahi.  Kata kunci: Cimahi, Cisangkan, domestik, kualitas air. The Cisangkan River is a river that flows in Cimahi City which receives domestic, industrial and agricultural waste originating from the watershed. Industrial and residential developments along the river have caused the quality of river water to decline. This study aims to analyze the quality of Cisangkan River water based on quality standards according to PP No. 82/2001 class 2. Water quality analysis was carried out at 3 points representing the upstream, middle and downstream parts of the river. Data were collected in 3 periods of collection, namely April, September, and December 2019. The parameters measured and observed were 32 parameters consisting of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. Based on the research results, there are 16 parameters that do not meet the quality standards consisting of 2 physical parameters, 14 chemistry, and 2 microbiology. Based on the parameters that do not meet the quality standards, the dominant pollutant sources are predicted to come from residential activities because the values of BOD5, COD, TSS, oil and fat, detergent MBAS, Total Coliform and fecal Coliform do not meet the quality standards at all sampling points at 3 measurements. The results of the research can be used as basic data for domestic liquid waste management in the Cisangkan River Basin, Cimahi City. Keywords: Cimahi, Cisangkan, domestic, water quality.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN NILAI MORAL DAN SOSIAL DI PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Maimunah Maimunah
Published: August 2021

Salah satu sikap dasar yang harus dimiliki seseorang anak untuk menjadi manusia yang baik dan benar adalah memiliki sikap moral dan sosial yang baik dalam berperilaku. Walaupun peran orang tua sangat besar dalam membangun dasar nilai moral dan sosial bagi anak-anaknya, tetapi peran guru PAUD tidak kecil dalam meletakkan dasar moral dan sosial bagi seorang anak, karena biasanya anak usia dini cenderung menuruti perintah gurunya. Oleh karena itu seorang guru PAUD harus selalu berupaya dengan berbagai cara agar dapat membimbing anak usia dini agar mempunyai kepribadian yang baik, yang dilandasi dengan nilai moral dan sosial. Dengan diberikannya landasan nilai moral dan sosial kepada anak Kelompok TK B Penerus Bangsa PGRI, maka seorang anak dapat membedakan perilaku baik dan buruk, benar dan salah, serta terbiasa menjalankan ajaran sesuai nilai-nilai karakter yang ditanamkan dengan tingkat pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menganalisis implementasi pembelajaran nilai moral dan sosial di pendidikan anak usia dini. Metode yang dipakai yakn kuantitatif diolah secara statistik sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis dengan model interaktif. Hasil dari implementasi pembelajaran nilai moral dan sosial di pendidikan anak usia dini dapat menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pembelajaran anak baik secara individual maupun klasikal memperoleh sangat aktif. Dengan demikian, hasil yang didapat dalam implementasi pembelajaran nilai moral dan sosial sangat segnifikan, efektif dan menyenangkan.Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran, Moral, dan Sosial
PENGAMALAN NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA DALAM MENINGKATKAN LITERASI BUDAYA MENYONGSONG ERA REVOLUSI 4.0 di SMKN 3 BANJARBARU
Authors: Aisyah Siti
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk melihat implementasi pengamalan nilai-nlai Pancasila dalam meningkatkan literasi budaya dan kewargaan untuk menyongsong era revolusi 4.0 dengan media mata pelajaran PPKn. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa menumbuhkan kesadaran berkonstitusi di sekolah akan lebih efektif dilaksanakan pada saat proses pelaksanaan belajar mengajar. Di samping itu peserta didik diharapkan dapat memberikan ungkapan atau dalam bentuk tulisan yang berkaitan dengan kesadaran berkonstitusi melalui kegiatan praktik kewarganegaraan sehingga proses pembelajaran menjadi aktif dan kreatif. Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan mempunyai peranan yang strategis dalam mengimplementasikan pendidikan kesadaran berkonstitusi. Selain itu, materi muatan konstitusi amat relevan untuk memperkaya materi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengoptimalkan peran mata pelajaran PPKn tersebut, diperlukan upaya untuk memperkuat konsep PPKn sebagai media pendidikan kesadaran dalam mengalamalkan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam upaya meningkatkan literasi budaya dan kewargaan.  Kata Kunci : Implementasi, Literasi Budaya, Pancasila, Revolusi Industri 4.0.
KONSEP PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN BERDASARKAN ASAS VICARIOUS LIABILITY DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN
Authors: Abby Fathul Achmadi , Arif Junaidi
Published: August 2021

Pemakaian asas Vicarious Liability terhadap korporasi akan membuat celah dan kesempatan agar korporasi tersebut tetap berjalan jikalau hanyalah pemimpin ataupun direktur yang dikenakan pertanggungjawaban pidana nya tersebut. Dalam penerapannya pemimpin dan direktur dari suatu perusahaan saja yang dapat dijadikan tersangka dari sebuah korporasi yang melakukan suatu peristiwa tindak pidana, korporasi yang lepas tanggungjawab maka tidak ada pencabutan izin, denda, ataupun hal yang merugikan untu korporasi itu sendiri hanyalah kerugian untuk individu yaitu pemimpin atau direktur dari perusahaan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan jenis penelitian yuridis analisis. Penelitian yuridis analisis mempunyai sifat penelitian deskriptif analisis, yang mana, penelitian deskriptif analisis adalah suatu penelitian yang menggambarkan, menelaah, menjelaskan, dan menganalisis suatu peraturan hukum. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan yang bersifat kualitatif. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif adalah metode penelitian yang mengacu pada norma-norma hukum yang terdapat dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dalam Perspektif Peradilan Pidana.kerusakan lingkungan hidup yang terjadi dilahan perkebunan kelapa sawit PT. PALMINA UTAMA. Kebakaran di HGU PT. Palmina Utama tejadi dikarenakan PT. Palmina Utama tidak melengkapi sarana prasarana tanggap darurat yang memadai sehingga pada saat terjadinya kebakaran perusahaan tidak dapat secara maksimal menanggulanginya, Korporasi secara melawan hukum dengan sengaja melakukan perbuatan yang mengakibatkan kebakaran hutan dapat dimintai pertanggung jawaban pidananya berdasarkan Pasal 49 Undang-Undang No. 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan serta mewajibkan pemegang izin sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 27 dan Pasal 29 untuk menjaga, memelihara, dan melestarikan hutan tempat usahanya. Pasal 49 UU No 41 Tahun 1999 menyebutkan pemegang hak atau izin bertanggung jawab atas terjadinya kebakaran hutan di areal kerjanya Kata Kunci : pertanggungjawaban; korporasi; vicarious Liability
EFFECT OF AIR AND SOAKING OF NaCl SOLUTION ON CORROSION RATE OF S45C STEEL WELDS
Authors: Syarief Akhmad , Rahmatuloh Ade Azhari
Published: August 2021

Pengelasan merupakan penyambungan dua logam sehingga terbentuk sambungan yang kuat, Salah satu penyebab daya guna baja ini semakin menurun adalah terjadinya korosi. Korosi merupakan penurunan kualitas dan mutu material akibat reaksi kimia dengan unsur pada lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh udara dan perendaman larutan NaCl terhadap laju korosi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kehilangan berat, dimana setelah 38 hari baja S45C didiamkan pada ruang terbuka dan 38 hari didiamkan pada larutan NaCl dengan Variasi kampuh V, ½ V, dan I. Dari hasil pengujian selama 38 hari didapatkan laju korosi variasi kampuh las pada larutan NaCl adalah tertinggi pada kampuh I sebesar 0,0644 mm/y, selanjutnya kampuh ½ V sebesar 0,0635 mm/y, dan terendah kampuh kampuh V sebesar 0,0631 mm/y. Sedangkan pada tanpa perendaman laju korosi tertinggi kampuh I sebesar 0,00488 mm/y, diikuti kampuh ½ V sebesar 0,00431 mm/y, dan terendah kampuh V sebesar 0,00429 mm/y. V sebesar 0,00431 mm/y, dan terendah kampuh V sebesar 0,00429 mm/y.
HARDNESS TEST ON AL-Cu CASTING RESULTS DIE CASTING METHOD WITH VARIATION IN POUR TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
Authors: Akhmad Taufik  , Ma'ruf Ma'ruf
Published: August 2021

Pada industri otomotif komponen suku cadang maupun elemen-elemen mesin banyak menggunakan paduan aluminium dengan proses pengecoran, penggunaan paduan aluminium pada pengecoran salah satunya aluminium dengan tembaga (Al-Cu). Pengecoran logam metode die casting merupakan bagian dari pengecoran bertekanan, dimana logam ditekan kedalam cetakan. Banyak industri pengecoran aluminium terutama industri kecil menengah dalam pembuatan produk atau komponen menggunakan material daur ulang dengan metode pengecoran tuang, sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan sifat materialnya. Dengan metode die casting diharapkan mampu meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanisnya. Proses pengecoran dengan metode die casting dilakukan pada temperatur tuang (650⁰C, 670⁰C, dan 690⁰C) dengan variasi tekanan 0 (tanpa tekanan), 2,5 MPa, 5 MPa, dan 7,5 MPa. Hasil dari pengujian kekerasan menunjukkan pada temperatur tuang 650⁰C dan tekanan 7,5 MPa merupakan kekerasan paling tinggi dengan nilai 72 HB dan nilai kekerasan terendah terdapat pada temperatur 690⁰C tanpa tekanan dengan nilai kekerasan 58 HB. Dari penelitian ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa temperatur tuang dan tekanan sangat berpengaruh terhadap nilai kekerasan pada proses pengecoran dengan metode die casting.
EFFECT OF VARIATION FORM (QUADRILATERAL AND HEXAGON), PARTICLE SIZE AND PRESSURE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNING CHARCOAL WOOD WASTE BRIQUETTES ALABAN AND RICE HUSK
Authors: Syarief Akhmad , Sabitah A’yan , Hakim Luqmanul , Fadliyanur Fadliyanur , Suryanta Dhanu Suryanta , Galang P Defrihans , Napitulu Hansen Rivaldo , Ramadhasari Aulia Aufa , Ardiyat Ichwan Noor
Published: August 2021

Bahan bakar briket sudah banyak diteliti dan dikembangkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar padat seperti kayu. Salah satunya briket terbuat dari biomassa yang sudah tidak terpakai seperti serbuk gergaji, sekam padi bahkan limbah sisa industri. Pada penelitian ini peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui karakteristik pembakaran briket yang terbuat dari sekam padi dicampur limbah arang kayu alaban yang meliputi penyalaan awal, laju pembakaran dan temperatur pembakaran. Adapun sampel briket yang digunakan dengan memvariasikan berupa bentuk segi empat dan enam, mesh 20 dan mesh 40 dan tekanan cetak briket sebesar 50 kg/cm2 dan 100 kg/cm2. Hasil menunjukkan temperatur tertinggi dimiliki briket segi empat dengan mesh 40 dan kekuatan tekan 50 kg/cm2 sebesar 4120C dan yang terendah dimiliki briket segi empat dengan mesh 20 dengan kekuatan tekan 100 kg/cm2 sebesar 333,330C. Semakin rendah tekanan pencetakan penyalaan awal semakin cepat dan laju pembakaran lebih lama karena ada rongga udara dan tingginya tekanan pencetakan mempengaruhi lamanya proses pembakaran.
WORKING FLUID REVIEW ON THE SYSTEM ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE
Authors: Iwan Gunawan  , Nazaruddin Sinaga
Published: August 2021

Pada penelitian ini, penulis melakukan review penggunaan fluida kerja ORC yang disimulasikan menggunakan EES dan melakukan review pada beberapa jurnal yang dilakukan sebelumnya. Fluida kerja yang dianalisa adalah isopentane sebagai fluida kerja yang dipakai, isobutane dan R245fa, dimana isobutane menghasil power output yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan fluida sekunder lainnya karena enthalpi uap yang masuk ke turbine dan enthalpi uap yang masuk ke kondenser yang dihasilkan lebih tinggi dan ini menyebabkan kalor yang masuk ke dalam sistem ORC lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan fluida kerja lainnya. Pada sistem ORC banyak pilihan fluida kerja dan bisa diaplikasikan dalam sistem baik secara aktual maupun masih dalam research, baik dalam off design dalam bentuk paper, jurnal maupun aplikasi teknologi secara langsung dalam pembangkit listrik panas bumi, waste heat recovery plant atau tipe combine cycle lainnya. Pada beberapa sistem yang diteliti, R227ea memiliki efisiensi thermal yang lebih baik daripada fluida sekunder lainnya. Sedangkan pada waste heat power plant, R134a memiliki efisiensi yang lebih baik dari fluida sekunder yang diteliti. Dan pada research lainnya HFE-301 memiliki efisiensi thermal sebesar 85% pada aplikasi Radial inflow turbine dengan kecepatan sekitar 60.000 rpm dan menghasilkan daya sebesar 1,5 kW.
Analisis Aktivitas Siswa Menggunakan Model Direct Instruction dengan Metode Mind Mapping
Authors: Arifuddin Muhammad , Yudani Julian , Misbah Misbah , Dewantara Dewi
Published: August 2021

The application of models and methods that are not in accordance with the characteristics of teaching materials has an impact on the low activity of students. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing student activities after applying the direct instruction model with the mind mapping method. This research is a classroom action research with Hopkins design. This study consisted of two cycles with two meetings per cycle. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPA SMAN 11 Banjarmasin. Data collection techniques were obtained through observation. The results showed that student activity increased from 68.12% to 75.38% in the active category. It was concluded that the direct instruction model with the mind mapping method could increase the activity of class XI science students at SMAN 11 Banjarmasin.
Circulating Isolates of Neisseria mucosa do not Inhibit the Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Abdellati Saïd , Laumen Jolein , Gonzalez Natalia , Basil Sheeba , Van Dijck Christophe , De Block Tessa , De Baetselier Irith , Martiny Delphine , Kenyon Chris
Published: August 2021

We used agar overlay assays to assess if 24 circulating and historical isolates of Neisseria mucosa could inhibit the growth of 28 circulating and historical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. We found no evidence of inhibition by N. mucosa (n=24). Positive controls Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect against the growth of N. gonorrhoeae.
A Fast Lightweight Based Deep Fusion Learning for Detecting Macula Fovea Using Ultra-Widefield Fundus Images
Authors: Wang Han , Yang Jie , Wu Yaoyang , Du Wencai , Fong Simon , Duan Yutong , Yao Xiaoping , Zhou Xiaoshu , Li Qingqian , Lin Chen , Liu Jiang , Huang Lina
Published: August 2021

Macula fovea detection is a crucial prerequisite towards screening and diagnosing macular diseases. Without early detection and proper treatment, any abnormality involving the macula may lead to blindness. However, with the ophthalmologist shortage and time-consuming artificial evaluation, neither accuracy nor effectiveness of the diagnose process could be guaranteed. In this project, we proposed a deep learning approach on ultra-widefield fundus (UWF) images for macula fovea detection. This study collected 2300 ultra-widefield fundus images from Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital in China. Methods based on U-shape network (Unet) and Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) are implemented on 1800 (before amplifying process) training fundus images, 400 (before amplifying process) validation images and 100 test images. Three professional ophthalmologists were invited to mark the fovea. A method from the anatomy perspective is investigated. This approach is derived from the spatial relationship between macula fovea and optic disc center in UWF. A set of parameters of this method is set based on the experience of ophthalmologists and verified to be effective. Results are measured by calculating the Euclidean distance between proposed approaches and the accurate grounded standard, which is detected by Ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomograph (UWF-OCT) approach. Through a comparation of proposed methods, we conclude that, deep learning approach of Unet outperformed other methods on macula fovea detection tasks, by which outcomes obtained are comparable to grounded standard method.
On Graded Weakly S-Prime Ideals
Authors: Saber Hicham , Alraqad Tariq , Abu-Dawwas Rashid , Shtayat Hanan , Hamdan Manar
Published: August 2021

Let R be a commutative graded ring with unity, S be a multiplicative subset of homogeneous elements of R and P be a graded ideal of R such that P\bigcap S=\emptyset In this article, we introduce several results concerning graded S-prime ideals. Then we introduce the concept of graded weakly S-prime ideals which is a generalization of graded weakly prime ideals. We say that P is a graded weakly S-prime ideal of R if there exists s\in S such that for all x, y\in h(R), if 0\neq xy\in P, then sx\in P or sy\in P. We show that graded weakly S-prime ideals have many acquaintance properties to these of graded weakly prime ideals.
High Diversity of Leptospira Species Infecting Bats Captured in the Uraba Region (Antioquia-Colombia)
Authors: Monroy Fernando P , Solari Sergio , Lopez Juan Alvaro , Agudelo-Florez Piedad , Pelaez-Sanchez Ronald Guillermo
Published: August 2021

Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. This zoonotic disease affects humans, domestic, or wild animals. Colombia is considered an endemic country for leptospirosis; and Antioquia is the second department in Colombia with the highest number of reported leptospirosis cases. Currently, many studies report bats as reservoirs of Leptospira spp. but its prevalence in these mammals is unknown. In the present study we aimed to better understand the role of bats as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species and to evaluate the genetic diversity of circulating Leptospira species in Antioquia-Colombia. We captured 206 bats in the municipalities of Chigorodó (43 bats), Carepa (43 bats), Apartadó (39 bats), Turbo (40 bats), and Necoclí (41 bats) in the Urabá region (Antioquia-Colombia). Twenty bats were positive for Leptospira spp. infection (20/206 - 9,70%) and the species of infected bats were Carollia perspicillata, Dermatura rava, Glossophaga soricina, Molossus molossus, Artibeus planirostris, and Uroderma convexum. These species have different feeding strategies such as frugivorous, insectivores, and nectarivores. The infecting Leptospira species identified were Leptospira borgpetersenii (3/20 – 15%), Leptospira alexanderi (2/20 – 10%), Leptospira noguchii (6/20 – 30%), Leptospira interrogans (3/2 – 15%), and Leptospira kirschneri (6/20 – 30%). The results of this research show the importance of bats in the epidemiology, ecology and evolution of Leptospira in this host-pathogen association. This is the first step in deciphering the role played by bats in the epidemiology of human leptospirosis in the endemic region of Uraba (Antioquia-Colombia).
The Modified Fundamental Equations of Quantum Mechanics in Symmetric Forms
Authors: Wang Huai-Yu
Published: August 2021

Up to now, Schrödinger equation, Klein-Gordon equation (KGE) and Dirac equation are believed the fundamental equations of quantum mechanics. Schrödinger equation has a defect that there is no NKE solutions. Dirac equation has positive kinetic energy (PKE) and negative kinetic energy (NKE) branches. Both branches should have low momentum, or nonrelativistic, approximations: one is Schrödinger equation and the other is NKE Schrödinger equation. KGE has two problems: it is an equation of second time derivative, and calculated density is not definitely positive. To overcome the problems, it should be revised as PKE and NKE decoupled KGEs. The fundamental equations of quantum mechanics after the modification have at least two merits. They are of unitary in that everyone contains the first time derivative and are symmetric with respect to PKE and NKE. This reflects the symmetry of the PKE and NKE matters, as well as matter and dark matter, of our universe. The problems of one-dimensional step potentials are resolved by means of the modified fundamental equations for a nonrelativistic particle.
Математическое моделирование работы солнечных батарей космического аппарата
Authors: Сазонов Василий Викторович , Sazonov Vasilii Viktorovich
Published: August 2021

Рассматривается подход к математическому моделированию работы солнечных батарей орбитального космического аппарата, учитывающий возможное затенение поверхности солнечных батарей элементами конструкции внешней поверхности космического аппарата. В работе разбираются две модели функционирования солнечной батареи: первая - на основе решения диодного уравнения, вторая - учитывающая только площадь освещенной части солнечной батареи и угол падения солнечных лучей на ее плоскость. Отыскание освещенных участков солнечных батарей производится с использованием интерактивной геометрической модели внешней поверхности космического аппарата методом трассировки лучей. Проведено сравнение двух предложенных моделей, приводятся примеры, в которых каждая из моделей является предпочтительной. Сила тока, вырабатываемого солнечной батареей, вычисленная при помощи предложенной математической модели, сравнивается с данными, полученными при обработке телеметрической информации, полученной с борта Служебного модуля «Звезда» Международной космической станции.
Derivadas de eigenvalores y eigenvectores en un sistema discreto
Authors: Ramírez Monares José Alfredo
Published: August 2021

Un procedimiento directo para la obtención de las derivadas de los eigenvalores y eigenvectores es implementado en un sistema de dos grados de libertad. Se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad del primer eigenvalor y de los elementos del primer eigenvector con respecto a una de las rigideces como parámetro de diseño. Los resultados se presentan en gráficos de malla que permiten observar su comportamiento como funciones de dos variables.
Is Gastrocnemius Tightness a Normal Finding in Children?
Authors: Liyanarachi Suki , Hulleberg Gunn , Foss Olav A.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Isolated gastrocnemius tightness has been associated with several foot conditions. We do not know whether gastrocnemius tightness is a normal finding in the developing child or whether tightness is associated with foot symptoms. Recurrent foot and leg pain is common in children, and more knowledge of gastrocnemius tightness is of interest.

Methods:

Passive ankle dorsiflexion was measured with the knee flexed and extended (Silfverskiöld test) in 204 Norwegian schoolchildren (408 feet). School classes from 4 different age groups were recruited (5 to 6 years, 8 to 9 years, 11 to 12 years, and 14 to 15 years). Footprints were also recorded in order to assess for any association between foot morphology and dorsiflexion results, specifically, gastrocnemius tightness.

Results:

Ankle dorsiflexion decreased with increasing age. The thresholds for equinus contracture were set at either ≤5° or ≤0° of ankle dorsiflexion when measured with the knee extended, and the Silfverskiöld test was considered to be positive when ankle dorsiflexion was reduced by ≥10° from the flexed knee position to the extended knee position. The rate of gastrocnemius tightness was 54.9% if the threshold was set at ≤5° and only 3.7% if the threshold was set at ≤0°. The data did not provide evidence of an association between dorsiflexion and footprints.

Conclusions:

Ankle dorsiflexion decreased with increasing age in this population of schoolchildren, highlighting the importance of age-matched norms. A majority had a tight gastrocnemius when the ankle dorsiflexion threshold was set at ≤5°, indicating that isolated gastrocnemius tightness should not be interpreted as a pathological finding.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Determinan Profitabilitas Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Eny Maryanti
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine whether company size moderates the effect of current ratio, environmental performance and debt to equity ratio on the profitability of consumer goods industry companies found on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The period of this research is 2017-2019. The study population includes all consumer goods industry companies found on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period of 2017-2019. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The research population data were 114 companies, and obtained a sample of 45 companies. The data analysis method used is SmartPLS 3 (Partial Least Square). The results of this study indicate: company size can moderate the effect of current ratio, environmental performance and debt to equiy ratio to profitability, firm size weakens the influence of current ratio to profitability, company size weakens the influence of environmental performance on profitability, firm size weakens the influence of debt to equity ratio to profitability. The moderation variable in this study is included in the pure moderation variable (pure moderation) because the moderating effect 1,2,3 has an effect on profitability while the moderating variable (company size) has no effect on profitability.
Awareness and Acceptance Of Genetic Modified Food (GMF) Among The Malaysian Consumers
Authors: A.M.Z Azlin , R Baki , M.S.K Enio , Abdullah, S. J. Ho
Published: August 2021

The halal industry is growing vigorously to cater the Muslim consumers in Malaysia. The acceptance, awareness and perception towards the genetic modified food (GMF) is still insufficient to fulfil the Malaysian market and expectantly plays a major role in a long period. The purpose of this paper is to fill the knowledge gap to the study of GMF conducted in Malaysia. Qualitative data were collected via open-ended interview with four participants from various background namely Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) researcher, P3, P4 and P1 by using single case and different site. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed. Almost all participants familiar with the term genetic modified organism (GMO) or genetic modified food (GMF) which are two different entities but similar in biotechnology scope. Almost all participants were familiar with the term of genetic modified food.  Since most of the participants came out with the science and biotechnology background, they perceived the GMF product but some of them did not trust of these products for various reasons.  The participants agreed on the need for more information from a trusted and credible source that can easily access by the consumers. This study provides an in-depth insight into consumer’ awareness, perception and evaluation concerning the halalan toyyiban status of genetic modified food in Malaysia. The novelty of these finding could provide information for the biotechnology food industry to expand its market and develop its profitability and reliability to promo sustainable food production and consumption in the population.
Pengaruh Job Insecurity, Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention dengan Komitmen Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening pada PT Lumina Packaging
Authors: Wulanfitri Eki , Sumartik Sumartik , Indayani Lilik
Published: August 2021

This study aims to examine the Influence of Job Insecurity, Job Satisfaction and Job Stress on Turnover Intention with Organitational Commitment as Intervening Variable.This research uses a quantitive approach with a survey method. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling. The population in this study amounted 291 employees and the sample used amounted 75 employees of PT Lumina Packaging. Technical data analysis using Partial Least Squares (PLS) with Warppls 5.0 software. The result of this research found that Job Insecurity have a direct and significant  effect on Turnover Intention by 28%, Job Satisfaction have a direct and significant effect on Turnover Intention by 41%, Job Stress have a direct and significant effect on Turnover Intention by 19%, Job Insecurity have a direct and significant effect on Organitational Commitment by 24%, Job Satisfaction have a direct and significant effect on Organitational Commitment by 19%, Job Stress have a direct and significant effect on Organitational Commitment by 20%, and Organitational Commitment have a direct and significant effect on Turnover Intention by 23%. Job Insecurity have an indirect effect on Turnover Intention through Organitational Commitment as an intervening variable by 47%, Job Satisfaction have an indirect effect on Turnover Intention through Organitational Commitment as an intervening variable 42%, Job Stress have an indirect effect on Turnover Intention through Organitational Commitment as an intervening variable by 43%.
The Effect Of Packaging Design Elements On Youth Purchase Intention Of Junk Food
Authors: Nur Amira Abdl Rahman Puteri , Harun Rabitah , Rashidi Johari Nur
Published: August 2021

This research provides new knowledge on the purchase intention towards junk foods. The main purpose of this research study is to examine the packaging design elements as a determinant factor to purchase junk food among youth consumer that might be one of the most essential variable in marketing field. One of the aims of this study is covering the shortcomings of previous studies that didn't observe main factors that influence the consumer purchase intention toward junk food. The various packaging elements (packaging colour, packaging graphic, packaging size, packaging material and packaging label) have been conceptualized into integrated frameworks to investigate the factors that influence consumer purchase intention toward junk food products amongst youth. Data were collected from sample size of 322 respondents mainly degree students from the faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism, and Faculty of Engineering in Universiti Teknologi MARA, Penang. This study is further validated through a survey method used of questionnaire distribution. The data were further process and analyse using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. The findings revealed that only four elements which are packaging colour, packaging graphic, packaging size and packaging label are positively significant with consumer purchase intention toward junk food while the packaging material was not significant with the consumer purchase intention toward junk food.
Service Quality Management Dimensions and Its Effect on The Students’ Satisfaction: An Empirical study Amongst Secondary Schools in Pakistan
Authors: Naveed Jabbar Muhammad , Hussin Fauzi , Javeed Assi Khalid
Published: August 2021

Because the cost of attracting the fresh customers is much advanced than cost of retaining current and old customers, possession on students’ satisfaction has become scorching debate in modern era. Service quality management plays its vital role for this concern. This current research paper aims to highlight the concepts of service quality management dimensions and its effect on students’ satisfaction. In this study, the dependent variable was students’ satisfaction that measured by the independent variable service quality. The secondary school students of public and private education institutions were the population of this study in Punjab Pakistan. Random sampling approach applied for the delimitation of the population. Sample was 727 students (public 345, private 382). Five point Likert scale used in questionnaire for the collection of data. This study adopted from Parasuraman’S SERVEQUAL dimensions model (1991). The test applied for analysis: Descriptive analysis, Factor analysis, independent sample t-test and Pearson Correlation. The findings of the study show that the quality of the public secondary schools was better as compare to private school. The correlation was resulted between .7 to .8, It shows that there was a significance effect of service quality management on students’ satisfaction. The paper provides the guidance for sort out the most effective factors about the customers’ satisfaction regarding service quality.  This research study will prove as a stepping-stone for the development of the managerial strategies. It will also helpful for educational leaders, policy makers and head of the department for the development of quality education.
Intervensi Komitmen Organisasional Pada Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)(Studi Dalam Setting Organisasi Kemahasiswaan)
Authors: Kurnia Puji Rahayu Meika , Ani Qurdiana Septi
Published: August 2021

This research aims to analyze the role of organizational commitment in intervening the influence of job satisfaction toward organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), particularly in student organizational setting. Research subject is member of Himpunan Mahasiswa Manajemen (HIMAMA), a student organization in the Dapertment of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Sample was determined through purposive sampling, yielded 102 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires, and then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS software. The research findings confirm that organizational commitment acts as intervening variable on the influence of job satisfaction toward OCB.
Halal Risk Priority In Food Supply Chain Manajemen Based On A Technology Perspective
Authors: Catur Wahyuni Hana , Waskito
Published: August 2021

Halal is a main requirement for Muslims in food selection. On the other hand, the increasing Muslim population in the world also encourages an increase in the availability of halal food. In its development, driven by technological advances, there is a risk of changes in halal food. These changes can occur in the food supply chain that involves various aspects. This study aims to identify risks based on technological aspects (technoware, humanware, infoware, orgaware). Furthermore, this study also aims to prioritize halal risk using the AHP method. The results showed that the type of transportation, cooperation, shipping schedule and supplier legality are sub criteria that are priority in arranging corrective actions in preventing halal risk.
Effect Of Compensation, Environment and Leadership Style On Employee Spirit and Performance Through Motivation
Authors: Yani Muhammad
Published: August 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of compensation, environment and leadership style on employee morale and performance through study motivation at PT. EX. This study used a sample of 95 respondents, namely employees of the production section of PT. EX. which is taken using non-probability sampling techniques from the population or production employees. The data analysis technique used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Partial Least Square (PLS) approach using the Smart PLS version 3.0 software. The results showed that: Compensation and work environment have a positive and significant effect on work motivation, compensation and work environment have a positive and significant effect on morale, work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and employee morale. Leadership style has no effect on work motivation, employee performance and morale. Compensation and work environment have no effect on employee performance. Compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through work motivation, work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through work motivation, compensation has a positive and significant effect on work motivation through work motivation, the environment has a positive and significant effect on morale through work motivation. In addition, motivation cannot mediate the relationship between leadership style and employee performance, and motivation cannot mediate the relationship between leadership style and morale.
An Analysis of Early Reading Ability of Class 1 in Elementary School
Authors: Janawati Desak Putu Anom , Sulantara I Made Eka
Published: August 2021

This study aimed at describing students’ ability of early reading in SD Negeri 3 Ubud. This is a qualitative descriptive research. The samples were all of class I in total of 22 students comprising of 11 males and 11 females. The data were collected by using observation sheet and test of early reading ability. The data were analyzed by using Likert scale. The research finding showed that students’ ability of early reading of class I in SD Negeri 3 Ubud was categorized as good (B) with 85% percentage.
A Shift in The Politeness Actions of Grade 5 Elementary School Students With a Javanese Cultural Background
Authors: Mirmanto Nurman , Prayitno Harun Joko , Sutopo Anam , Rahmawati Laili Etika , Widyasari Choiriyah
Published: August 2021

The shift in the act of politeness directive set in Javanese culture in elementary school children began to shift and shift in a negative direction. This study aims: (1) to describe the form of shift in the act of politeness directive class 5 students in interacting with teachers with Javanese cultural backgrounds in elementary school. (2) To find out the factors that influence the shift in directive politeness acts towards teachers with Javanese cultural background. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection using the Case study method: direct observation, listening and field records (Whaatsaap recording). Results of the study: 1) language politeness acts in grade 5 students of SDN Polokarto 01 in communicating and interacting with speech partners are still very low, a shift in politeness in language with a Javanese cultural background needs to be fostered or efforts to restrain the level of shift so as not to deviate too much from the upload .2.2) factors that make the shifting politeness act further include a) family, and parents. b) demographic factors in the surrounding environment. 3) strategic efforts to withstand the shift by reversing the existing cultural norms in society by prioritizing 1) Angon Rasa, 2) Adu Rasa. 3) Board 4) Humility 5) Respect 6) Salira tepa attitude.
Problem Solving Learning Model By Integrating ARCS Motivation Strategies On Acid-Base Subjects
Authors: Peni Natalia , Carvallo Ludovicus , Priska Melania
Published: August 2021

This study aims to produce a chemistry learning model of problem solving by integrating ARCS strategies so that it is feasible to use to improve student learning outcomes in the University of Flores Biology Study Program. The development of the device uses the 4-D model that was tested on semester 2 students of the Biology Education Study Program 2019/2020 Academic Year. The research design used was one group pretest-posttest. Data collection techniques using research instruments, namely in the form of the validity of learning tools, the implementation of the learning plan, student responses, and student learning outcomes. Student learning outcomes data were analyzed using analysis prerequisite tests, which consisted of normality tests, homogeneity tests, and t-tests. The results showed that the device developed was valid. This is evidenced by the significance value of tcount<ttable, which is 0.000<0.05. Thus the developed learning tools can improve student learning outcomes on the subject matter of acid and base.
Liver injury changed the biological characters of serum small extracellular vesicles and reprogramed hepatic macrophages in mice
Authors: Lv Xiufang , Zhang Anqi , Liu Weiqi , Zhao Min , Li Jing , He Li , Cheng Li , Sun Yufeng , Qin Gang , Lu Peng , Ji Yuhua , Ji Juling
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUNDSerum small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their small RNA (sRNA) cargoes could be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver injury. However, the dynamic changes in serum sEVs and their sRNA components during liver injury have not been well characterized. Given that hepatic macrophages can quickly clear intravenously injected sEVs, the effect of liver injury-related serum sEVs on hepatic macrophages deserves to be explored.AIMTo identify the characteristics of serum sEVs and the sRNAs they contain during liver injury and explore their effects on hepatic macrophages.METHODSTo identify serum sEV biomarkers for liver injury, we established a carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver injury model in C57BL/6 mice to simulate acute liver injury (ALI), chronic liver injury (CLI) and recovery. Serum sEVs were obtained and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Serum sEV sRNAs were profiled by sRNA sequencing. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) were compared to mouse liver-enriched miRNAs and previously reported circulating miRNAs related to human liver diseases. The biological significance was evaluated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of altered sEV miRNAs and conditioned cultures of ALI serum sEVs with primary hepatic macrophages.RESULTSWe found that both ALI and CLI changed the concentration and morphology of serum sEVs. The proportion of serum sEV miRNAs increased upon liver injury, with the liver as the primary contributor. The altered serum sEV miRNAs based on mouse studies were consistent with human liver disease-related circulating miRNAs. We established serum sEV miRNA signatures for ALI and CLI and a panel of miRNAs (miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p, and miR-22-3p) as a common marker for liver injury. The differential serum sEV miRNAs in ALI contributed mainly to liver steatosis and inflammation, while those in CLI contributed primarily to hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplasia. ALI serum sEVs decreased both CD86 and CD206 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages but increased CD206 expression in resident macrophages in vitro.CONCLUSIONSerum sEVs acquired different concentrations, sizes, morphologies and sRNA contents upon liver injury and could change the phenotype of liver macrophages. Serum sEVs therefore have good diagnostic and therapeutic potential for liver injury.
Milonine Protects Against Acute Lung Injury By Modulating The Akt And NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Bernardo Larissa Rodrigues , Ferreira Laércia Karla Diega Paiva , Ferreira Larissa Adilis Maria Paiva , Vieira Cosmo Isaías Duvirgens , de Oliveira João Batista , de Lima Louise Mangueira , Alves Adriano Francisco , Araújo Rubens da Silva , Maia Mayara dos Santos , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Filho José Maria Barbosa , Piuvezam Marcia Regina
Published: August 2021

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammation that triggers acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with perialveolar neutrophil infiltration, alveolar-capillary barrier damage, and lung edema. Activation of the toll-like receptor 4 complex and its downstream signaling pathways are responsible for the cytokine storm and cause alveolar damage on ARDS. Due to the complexity of inflammatory events on ALI, a defined pharmacotherapy has not been established. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of milonine, an alkaloid of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl, in an ALI experimental model. BALB/c mice were lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged and treated with milonine at 2.0 mg/kg. Twenty-four hours later, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), peripheral blood, and lungs were collected for cellular and molecular analysis. The milonine treatment decreased the inflammatory cell migration (principally neutrophils) to the alveolar cavity, the protein exudate, the pulmonary edema, and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) into the BALF. The systemic level of IL-6 level was also reduced. In the lung tissue, milonine reduced the bronchoalveolar damage. The milonine docking analyzes demonstrated that the molecule formed hydrophobic interactions with the amino-acids Ile124 and Phe126 of the TLR4/MD2 groove. Indeed, the anti-inflammatory effect of milonine was due to the negative regulation of cytoplasmic kinase-Akt and NF-κB by interacting with the TLR4/MD2 complex. Therefore, milonine is an effective inflammatory modulator by blocking the interaction of the LPS-TLR4/MD2 complex and downregulating the intracellular inflammatory pathway axis being a potential molecule for the treatment of ALI.
Researching the Researchers: Psychological Distress and Psychosocial Stressors According to Career Stage in Mental Health Researchers
Authors: Hill Nicole TM , Bailey Eleanor , Benson Ruth , Cully Grace , Kirtley Olivia , Purcell Rosemary , Rice Simon , Robinson Jo , Walton Courtney
Published: August 2021

Background Although there are many benefits and privileges associated with working in academia, this career path often involves a range of structural and organisational stressors that can be detrimental to wellbeing and increase susceptibility to mental ill health among academic staff and students. This exploratory study examines experiences of work-related stressors, psychological distress, and mental health diagnoses among mental health researchers. Differences in outcomes were compared across career stages including postgraduate students, research support staff, early-middle career researchers, and senior researchers. MethodsThis international cross-sectional study involved 207 mental health researchers who were post-graduate students or employed in research institutes or university settings. Work-related psychosocial stressors were measured by the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III (COPSOQ-III). Psychological distress was assessed using Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Thoughts of suicide was assessed using three questions adapted from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). History of mental-health diagnoses was assessed through a custom questionnaire. Pearson’s chi-square test of independence was used to compare mental health diagnoses and suicidal ideation across career stages (research support staff, students, early-middle career researchers, and senior researchers). Group comparisons of work-related psychosocial exposures and DASS-21 general distress and related sub-scores were conducted across career stages. Results Differences in ‘demands at work’ and the ‘work-life balance’ domain were observed across career stages, with scores lowest among support staff (p=0.01). In contrast, scores in ‘social capital’ and ‘health and wellbeing domains’ were highest among research support staff (P= 0.01). Overall, 13.4% of respondents met the threshold for severe psychological distress, which was significantly higher in students compared to participants from other career stages (p=0.01). Among the subgroup of participants who responded to the question on mental health diagnoses and suicidal ideation (n=152), 54% reported a life-time mental health diagnosis and 23.7% reported suicidal ideation since academic career commencement. ConclusionsDespite working in the same environment, research support staff report experiencing significantly less psychosocial stressors compared to postgraduate students, early-middle career researchers and senior researchers. Future research that targets the modifiable stressors at each career stage could improve the overall mental health and wellbeing of mental health researchers.