bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution to the research of oscillatory loads of sprung and unsprung masses in order to create conditions for laboratory tests of heavy motor vehicles
Authors: Demić Miroslav , Đurić Aleksandar , Grkić Aleksandar , Drakulić Momir , Muždeka Slavko
Published: June 2023

Introduction/purpose: Motor vehicles are complex dynamic systems due to spatial displacements, changes in the characteristics of components during their lifetime, a large number of influences and disturbances, the appearance of backlash, friction, hysteresis, etc. The aforementioned dynamic phenomena, especially vibrations, cause driver and passenger fatigue, reduce the lifetime of the vehicle and its systems, etc. Methods: In general, the movement of vehicles is carried out on uneven roads and curvilinear paths in the road. Not only do oscillatory movements cause material fatigue of vehicle parts, but they also have a negative effect on people's health. That is why special attention must be paid to the coordination of the mutual movement of the subsystems, and in particular, the vehicle suspension system, even at the stage of the motor vehicle design. For these purposes, theoretical, experimental or combined methods can be used. Therefore, it is very useful to have the experimental results of the oscillations of the vehicle subsystem in operating conditions, so the aim of this work was to use the movement of the 4x4 drive FAP 1118 vehicle in operating conditions (due to higher speeds - in road conditions) to define the conditions for testing oscillatory loads in laboratory conditions. Results: This is made possible by registering and identifying statistical parameters of registered quantities. Conclusion: Based on the measured data, the research can be programmed on shakers in laboratory conditions, and, at the same time, the size to be reproduced can be chosen as well.
Formation and application of hydrogen in non-ferrous metallurgy
Authors: Stopić Srećko , Friedrich Bernd
Published: June 2023

Introduction/purpose: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe (75 % by mass) and the lightest element (with a density of 0.00082 g/cm3 ) which consists of only one proton and one electron. Because of its presence in many different forms such as gaseous hydrogen, its plasma species, water, acid, alkaline, ammonia and hydrocarbons, it has various applications in different industrial disciplines. Methods: Different hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods are considered in order to point out many different processes such as formation of hydrogen, reduction of metallic oxides and chlorides, and electrochemical reactions such as hydrogen overvoltage and the spillover effect. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis enables the formation of very fine aerosols which can be used for the production of metallic powders. Results: Hydrogen formation was observed during the dissolution of metallic alloys with hydrochloric acid. The reduction of metallic oxides and metallic chlorides by hydrogen leads to the formation of metallic powders. Metallic powders were collected by a new developed electrostatic precipitator. Conclusion: Hydrogen can be applied in different reduction processes for the production of metallic powders. Recycling processes can be used for the formation of hydrogen. A new research strategy for powder production is proposed combining recycling of the black mass of used Li-Ion batteries, ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, and hydrogen reduction.
Data security in mobile healthcare
Authors: Zajeganović Marija , Vugdelija Natalija , Stefanović Radiša , Kostić Silva , Miljković Uroš , Mach Georg
Published: June 2023

Introduction/purpose: The digitization of healthcare has gained particular importance in the years since the emergence of COVID-19 and also has become one of the primary goals of the Government of the Republic of Serbia. Telemedicine is a good solution when the patient cannot come to a healthcare facility. Mobile healthcare applications are already widely used, but in both fields the important challenge is data security. The aim of this paper is to review solutions for data security in mobile healthcare from the technical side and possible challenges in the process of digitization of the healthcare system in Serbia. Methods: This review is based on current papers in this area, on the available relevant literature and the authors' many years of experience in this field. Experiences in the process of digitization of healthcare in Serbia are based on available articles and regulations. Finally, possible challenges are presented from the authors' perspective based on everything presented in the field of data security in mobile healthcare. Results: The analysis of the papers reviewed from the point of view of data security showed that users are often ready to sacrifice their privacy for the sake of convenience provided by mobile applications. Conclusion: Based on the review of the papers and clear data security requirements that include the presented safeguards, one of the main tasks of the entire community is to raise awareness of information security and awareness of the need for cyber hygiene of each individual, which is the basis for the safe use of e-health services.
Application of the modeling method to the calculation of the probability of hitting a stationary target during the fire action of a tank squad in defense
Authors: Obradović Zoran , Nikolić Branislav , Popović Goran , Gadzhalov Nikolay , Krastev Krastyu
Published: June 2023

Introduction/purpose: The theory of direct firing of armored units deals with the calculation of the probability of hitting the target depending on the number of projectiles fired, in certain combat circumstances as well as under certain meteorological conditions. Successful performance of the combat task of armored units in defensive actions against stationary targets depends to the greatest extent on the effectiveness of fire of tank weapons. Under the tactical assumptions that define real combat conditions, i.e., that the attacking formation opens fire from small arms and anti-tank weapons, that the defense is organized in a timely manner on maneuvering ground and in optimal meteorological conditions, and that the tank squad opens fire while stationary, the scientific goal of the research is to determine the probability of hitting and destroying the target as closely as possible depending on the method of determining the distance to the target and the number of projectiles fired. Methods: Mainly applying the method of situation modeling in scientific research, the authors try to determine, as precisely as possible, the percentage of the probability of hitting (destroying) a stationary target, with the first, second, or third projectile. Results: The main scientific contribution of the research would be the determination of various quantitative indicators as significant parameters necessary for a successful design of defense operations of ground army units. Conclusion: By creating an appropriate model for a specific situation in order to solve a problem (combat task), it is possible to precisely determine the probability of hitting and the probability of destroying the target in relation to the number of projectiles fired, as well as the expected consumption of ammunition.
Evaluation of YLT method to estimate the load carrying capacity of one-way patched reinforced concrete slab under concentrated load
Authors: Kristiawan Stefanus Adi , Basuki Achmad , Supriyadi Agus , Santosa Bambang , Marwoto Sofa
Published: June 2023

An unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) mortar was applied to repair the damage to the tension zone's one-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. The load carrying capacity of the patched RC slab is of interest to justify the effectiveness of the repair. The Yield Line Theory (YLT) may be used to estimate the load carrying capacity of patched RC slabs under concentrated load. The results of the YLT are compared with the experimental results to evaluate the validity of the YLT method. The results confirm that patching alters the yield line formation, mainly when the concentrated load is applied close to the patching zone. Subsequently, the YLT method provides a higher load carrying capacity estimation deviation for slabs with a loading point near the patching zone. On the other hand, the YLT method estimates load carrying capacity accurately when the loading point is away from the patching zone.
Determination of the critical velocity of a straight wing with a high aspect ratio
Authors: Thanh Le Thi
Published: June 2023

An aerodynamic problem on an air flow around a large aspect ratio rectangular wing is investigated in this study. According to the theory of Vlasov, the wing is considered to be a thin rod. External loads are assumed to be proportional to the airfoil angle of attack related to the dimensionless coefficient of the lift and the pitching moment coefficient. These coefficients depend on the airfoil parameters and the Mach number M and are determined by experimental measurements for subsonic and supersonic velocities. In this case, to define the unstable cases of the wing, one bases on the Lyapunov stability theory. Equations of bending and torsional free vibrations have resulted. Based on the analysis of natural frequencies (eigenfrequencies), it is possible to determine the changing positions of the real part and the imaginary part of the characteristic equation solution. These positions can cause instabilities for the wing such as torsional divergence and flutter.
CORRUPTION IN THE NIGERIAN EDUCATION SECTOR: CAUSES AND REMEDIES
Authors:   Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Ondo State, Nigeria, Alaba Joseph Akinniyi , Obafemi Andrew Erinsakin ,   Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Ondo State, Nigeria, Stella Olayinka Emma-Ayire ,   Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Ondo State, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

This study focuses attention on the causes and effects of corruption on the education sector in Nigeria. It also proffers solutions to the menace. Indeed, the standard of education in the country has been negatively affected by corrupt practices manifested by school administrators, educators, students, students’ parents and government agencies. Some of the identified causes of corruption were poverty, poor remuneration for educators and moral decadence among students and educators. The foregoing negative inclinations have a number of unfavourable effects; the most pronounced among them is lowering of the standard and quality of education in the country. The methodology utilized in the study is descriptive analysis. This study recommended, among other things, that quality assurance unit should be established to monitor teaching, admission and examination practices in all Nigerian schools.
COVID-19 LOCKDOWN AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMONG PARTNERS IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria, Seun Nurudeen Akorede
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study were to examine if COVID-19 will lead to physical violence, emotional violence and sexual violence among partners in Nigeria. A descriptive research design of survey type was employed for this study. One hundred and twenty six (126) respondents were sampled for the study. Researchers developed questionnaire validated by experts in related areas of study were used for the study and was tested for reliability for the study. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages for demographical data of the respondents while t-test was used to test the hypotheses. All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings from this study revealed that: COVID-19 lockdown leads to physical violence among partners in Nigeria. This was because Pcalculated value was 0.00, which is lesser than 0.05 level of significance, COVID-19 lockdown leads to emotional violence among partners in Nigeria. This was because P-calculated value was 0.00, which is lesser than 0.05 level of significance, COVID-19 lockdown leads to sexual violence among partners in Nigeria. This was because P-calculated value was 0.00, which is lesser than 0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that COVID-19 lockdown lead to physical, emotional, and sexual violence among partners on Nigeria, it was recommended that couples should try to manage the situation of lockdown and settles matters among themselves in order to avoid physical violence, there should be increase in counseling services on right of women for couples as for them to be able to manage issues among themselves, couples should abide by guidance of sex education expert and avoid the lockdown to push them in sexual violence.
VIEWS AND GAINS OF WOMEN ON BUSH MEAT TRADE IN BUFFER ZONE RANGES OF OLD OYO NATIONAL PARK, NIGERIA
Authors:   Federal College of Wildlife Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, New-Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, E.O Adedeji , J. Chikezie ,   Federal College of Wildlife Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, New-Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, O.B. Oyediran ,   Federal College of Wildlife Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, New-Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, V.O Omotayo ,   Federal College of Wildlife Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, New-Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, W.T Ayanwusi ,   Derived Guinea Savanna Research Station, Adoin, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, V.O. Akinyode ,   Federal College of Forest Resources Management, North-East, Maiduguri, Bornu State
Published: June 2023

The study examined the views and gains of women on bush meat trade in Buffer Zone Ranges of Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 270 women living in the study area. Data were collected through a well-structured interview schedule and analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. Results showed that majority of the respondents were within the age bracket of more than 40 years (57.78%), married (72.96%), had formal education (61.85%) and earned an average of less than 40000 Naira monthly (51.48%). The respondents indicated a high view that unregulated hunting and business of wild animal species as a factor that can destroy the environment (x ̅= 6.54) and on hunting and business of bush meat as not being a good livelihood activity (x ̅= 5.14). The gains of women on bush meat trade in the study area are that it guarantees them cheap access to animal protein (x ̅= 6.86) and the business in bush meat gives them a high return (x ̅= 6.17). The linear regression results showed that age (β1 = +0.467), household size (β2 = +0.621), education (β3 = +0.652) and average monthly income (β4 = +0.803) of the respondents significantly influenced their view on bush meat trade in the study area. Based on the findings, the study recommended that massive enlightenment campaigns need to be embarked upon by both governmental and non-governmental organizations to change their mind-set of women on the implication of bush meat trade in the study area.
PERCEIVED CONSERVATION APPROACHES AND CONSERVATION CHALLENGES OF OSUNOSOGBO SACRED GROVE, OSOGBO, NIGERIA
Authors:   Federal College of Wildlife Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, New-Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, E.O Adedeji , J. Chikezie ,   Federal College of Wildlife Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, New-Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, O.B. Oyediran ,   Federal College of Wildlife Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, New-Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, V.O Omotayo ,   Federal College of Wildlife Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, New-Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, W.T. Ayanwusi ,   Derived Guinea Savanna Research Station, Adoin, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, V.O. Akinyode ,   Federal College of Forest Resources Management, North-East, Maiduguri, Bornu State
Published: June 2023

The capacity to see, hear or get mindful of something through the faculties offers significance to an individual's current circumstance and figures out the world. The study contributes to providing insights into the perceived conservation approaches and conservation challenges of Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Osogbo, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting the 147 respondents. Primary data were obtained on respondents' characteristics and their perception of the conservation approaches and conservation challenges of Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Osogbo, Nigeria through the use of a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used for data analysis. The results showed that a majority of the respondents were male (66.7%), married (59.18%), educated (60.54%), migrants (55.10%), engaged in agricultural-related jobs (28.57%) and are between the ages of 36 years and 45 years (45.58%), while the mean age of the respondents was 43.62 years old. The respondents positively perceived the conservation approaches of Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Osogbo, Nigeria (x ̅= 4.06) as very good measures in the conservation of the grove. They also perceived the conservation challenges of Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Osogbo, Nigeria (x ̅= 4.12) as major constraints in the conservation of the grove. Linear Regression analysis showed that respondents perceived conservation approaches (β1 = - 0.547) significantly influenced their perceived conservation challenges of Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Osogbo, Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that the perceived identified conservation approaches should be strengthened as this will translate to the mitigation and the action of reducing the severity and/or seriousness of the conservation challenges of Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Osogbo, Nigeria.
POPULATION AND PRODUCTIVITY: UTILITY DILEMMA IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Benson Idahosa University, Nigeria, Akintoye Emile Obaide , Odia Lucky Osaretin ,   University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

This paper examined the impact of a population’s productivity considering the population utility ambience. The study adopted the content analysis techniques where relevant literatures were reviewed. The study observed that a society’s population is vibrant and productive when the utility ambience is such that fully and genuinely encourage and engage its skilled and unskilled manpower. While docility and poor productivity are the features of societies where their population irrespective of how large, if encouragement and engagement opportunities are rift. The study further observed that beyond engagement opportunities, qualitative and consistent capacity building and development for a nation’s population with functional leadership are the desired variables required for high productivity. The paper is of the view that nations desiring higher productivity must address the following critical issues: leadership failure through leadership selection process, strengthening of legislations, comprehensive capacity building framework, promotion of local inventions and utilization, engagement of local competences and putting service providers to constant task.
CULTURAL ORIENTATION AND GIRLS’ EDUCATION IN TEREKEKA STATE OF SOUTH SUDAN
Authors:   National Christian Development Organisation (NCDO), South Sudan, Malish Joseph Festo , C. Ogbonna Chidiebere ,   Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda, M. Makak Joseph ,   Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
Published: June 2023

The study examined the impact of cultural orientation on girls’ education in Terekeka State, South Sudan. The study focus was on primary school education, specifically on school enrolment and dropout among girls in Terekeka State. The study objectives were: to investigate the impact of cultural orientation on girls’ education in Terekeka State, South Sudan; and to analyze measures taking by the government to improve girls’ education in Terekeka State, South Sudan. The study was guided by the Social Learning Theory, which opines that learning is a function of observation and often influenced by factors present within our environment. Furthermore, the study employed a descriptive research design and a mixed method approach in data collection. Three methods of data collection that include survey questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion (FGD) were used to elicit data from the study participants. The study population was 206,287 and the sample size was 399 respondents determined through Slovene’s formula. On the first objective, the study revealed that the cultural factors affecting girls’ education in terms of school enrolment and dropout in Terekeka are: early marriage, domestic issues and cattle rearing. Other factors include poverty, orphanhood, unconducive school environment among others. On the second objective, the study found that the government has implemented awareness campaign programmes that promotes education, particularly education for girls, however, the medium used to convey the campaigns were not adequate to reach the intended target audience. The campaigns were conveyed through the mass media (Television and Radio), whereas many families in Terekeka don’t have access to these gargets due to poverty, consequently, the campaign did not produce the expected result. Thus, the government strategy to improve girls’ education in Terekeka state has been largely unsuccessful.
Gender differences in self-estimated types of love for self and others
Authors: Neto Félix
Published: June 2023

Empirical work about love has primarily considered the love of one individual for another. This work uses a novel method to study estimated types of love for self and others based on passionate and companionate theory, and triangular love theory. Two hundred and fifty participants (161 females and 89 males) rated self-estimates and other’s estimates (romantic partners and parents) of global love and several love types. Women self-estimated passionate love, companionate love, intimacy, and commitment more than men did. Gender differences in estimated love types for romantic partners, fathers, and mothers were not evidenced. As regards self-partner differences respondents rated their romantic partners similarly to themselves. Regarding generational differences, children assessed themselves greater in all love types than their parents, except in commitment. Passionate love and commitment significantly predicted global love for self, partners, and parents. Suggestions and limitations are offered.
Study of the Genetic Diversity of Some Wild Sunflower Species Using ISSR Markers
Authors: Conțescu Elena Laura , Anton Florin Gabriel
Published: June 2023

Wild sunflower species are adapted to diverse habitats and possess considerable variability for biotic and abiotic traits, therefore wild germplasm can be a real source for improving the narrow genetic base of the cultivated sunflower crop by introgression of new genes which were previously identified in wild genotypes. In order to effectively exploit these genes in cultivated genotypes, researchers need more information regarding the quantity and distribution of the genetic variability available within the wild sunflower species, which can offer a multitudine of valuable traits for traditional or molecular breeding. This study was conducted to reveal the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated sunflower genotypes using ISSR markers. From a total of 19 ISSR markers, which were used to evaluate the genetic diversity, eight markers (UBC808, UBC823, UBC834, UBC836, UBC840, UBC845, UBC853, 17899A) clearly differentiated the wild sunflower genotypes from the wild sunflower and/or the cultivated sunflower. The primers amplified a total of 120 alleles ranging from 10 to 22 alleles per marker. A wide range of fragment length was detected among the accessions, from 140 to over 1500 bp. The neighbor-joining dendrogram, based on Rogers genetic distance, of the genotypes studied consisted of two main clusters of different sizes: five entries were grouped into cluster A and the remaining six entries were grouped into cluster B. It is interesting that genotypes of Helianthus anuus L., Helianthus maximiliani and Helianthus argophyllus were clustered together. Another aspect observed, refers to interspecific variability for Helianthus debilis genotypes. Regarding the PCA, the first two principal axes accounted for 26.8% (CP1) and 16.1% (CP2) of the total variation, respectively, together explaining 42.9% of the total variability. In the future, this molecular genetic information can be combined with morphological and biochemical data to improve the sunflower breeding program.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN KETERAMPILAN MASASE OLAHRAGA DASAR BAGI MAHASISWA SEMESTER 1 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN P3K PADA PRODI PENJASKESREK UNIVERSITAS PGRI MAHADEWA INDONESIA TAHUN AJARAN GANJIL 2021/2022
Authors: Komang Ayu Tri Widhiyanti  , Ni Wayan Ary Rusitayanti  , Ni Wayan Ariawati  , Ni Luh Putu Indrawathi
Published: June 2023

The background of this training is because new students' knowledge of sports massage is still not optimal and there are still many mistakes made in handling sports injuries so that it will result in the recovery of these injuries. Factors that can be identified as the cause of the problem include the fact that students tend to have never received integrated massage skills training which consists of: sports massage, sports injury massage, and healing massage. The purpose of the training is to equip students with sports massage skills, sports injuries, and healing to reduce the risk from the effects of sports activities so as to make it easier to do first aid. The methods used are: demonstrations, exercises, and assignments combined with mentoring. The target of the training is all semester 1 students of the Penjaskesrek study program, Universitas PGRI Mahadewa Indonesia, for the odd academic year 2021/2022, totaling 56 people. The conclusions of this training are: (1) Semester 1 students of the PENJASKESREK study program at the University of PGRI Mahadewa Indonesia for the Odd Academic Year 2021/2022 have gained integrated massage knowledge and skills; (2) The results/scores achieved from 56 participants are: 33 or 57.78% getting an A or very good, 23 or 42.22% getting a B or good; (b) The average percentage of mastery of the training material is 82.24% or in good category.
PKM. PENYUSUNAN KURIKULUM OPRASIONAL SEKOLAH DI PENGGERAK ANGKATAN 2 PROVINSI BALI
Authors: I Wayan Sumandya  , I Komang Sukendra  , Made Irma Suryani  , Dwi Prinicila Pramesuari
Published: June 2023

The last point of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education is community service. Community service is important to do through the service of curriculum preparation at the Driving School. The Motivating School Program consists of five interrelated and inseparable interventions. Assistance is carried out in order to produce school operational curricula according to the characteristics of each school. The learning committee who attended this service activity were 30 people from 5 schools, namely SMA N 1 Denpasar, SMAN 7 Denpasar, SMAN 4 Singaraja, SMAN 1 Seririt and SMAN 2 Gerokgak. There are activities carried out at the socialization stage, including: 1) Reflection on New Paradigm Learning, 2) Independent Learning on the Merdeka Teaching Platform, 3) Preparation of School Operational Curriculum, 4) Understanding Learning Outcomes, 5) Designing Learning, 6) Student Profile Strengthening Projects Pancasila, 7) Data-Based Planning, 8) Introduction of Priority Technology Platforms. The results obtained in this activity are that participants are able to: 1) Understand the New Paradigm Learning, 2) Use the Independent Teaching Platform, 3) Develop School Operational Curriculum, 4) Understand Learning Outcomes, 5) Design Learning, 6) Projects for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile, 7) Understanding Data-Based Planning, 8) Using Priority Technology Platforms. This activity will continue until mentoring for 2 years.
A Legal Analysis of the Consistency of Penalty Clauses and Fine Clauses in South Korea's Food Safety Regulations
Authors:   Korean Administrative Law Association, KIM WOONG KI
Published: June 2023

本稿では、まず韓国の食品安全法制を考察した後、その中で罰則(行政刑罰)及び過料規定(行政秩序罰)を有する主要な法律を整理し、最後にいくつかの対象行為や罰則、及び過料規定の関係が法理的に妥当かどうか、又、韓国の刑法や韓国食品安全法制相互の法定刑及び行政制裁と比較することによって、量刑と金額等が適切かどうか(以下、整合性)について検討した。 食品はその性質上、因果関係が複雑であるといわれる。同様の理由で食品安全及び食品に関する衛生事項等に適用される法令も、その数と範囲が多様であるとされる。同時に韓国の裁判所もそのような食品に関する法規の多様性及び抽象性を認めている。又、そのような食品に関する様々な法律には、食品安全行政の実効性を担保するための行政制裁(課徴金、営業停止など)や、刑事的な処罰に該当する罰則及び過料規定も含まれている。すなわち、そのような食品法体系を整理し、その罰則及び過料、行政制裁の対象となる行為や量刑、過料の範囲等について分析することは意義があると考えられる。 本稿は前述した意義を目的とし、韓国の食品安全法制を整理する同時に、法条文の相互比較、及び韓国の刑事法と比較する方法で対象行為と法定刑及び過料の整合性について検討を行った。結論として、韓国の食品安全法制には次のような特徴があった。①罰則及び過料規定がどのような法益侵害に対して適用されるのか明確な基準がない点、②過料(行政秩序罰)の賦課が行政制裁及び行政刑罰と整合性を欠いているため、いわゆる「比例原則」に反する可能性がある点等である。又、韓国の食品安全法制に対する研究及び概念整理がまだ不足していることを勘案し、根拠として取り上げた参考資料は出来るだけ韓国の行政法及び刑事法に対する先行研究･判例を選定した。 今日、食品安全法制や食品安全行政に関する行政制裁の大多数は事件発生等の状況により、政策的に立法及び制定、又改正されている。今後、本稿における食品安全法制の整理や整合性に対する検討がそのような過程に貢献出来ることを期待する。
Livsformer i en verden under forandring
Authors: Jul Nielsen Niels
Published: June 2023

Præses-forelæsning, disputatsforsvar ved Europæisk Etnologi, Saxo-instituttet, Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet.Den 2. september 2022 forsvarede Niels Jul Nielsen sin doktordisputats ved Europæisk Etnologi. Disputatsen Livsformer i en verden under forandring består af en række afhandlinger og en sammenfattende redegørelse.1 Nærværende artikel er en let redigeret udgave af den forelæsning, forsvaret indledtes med.
“It’s Not Only Our Task”
Authors: Willman Krista
Published: June 2023

An ongoing academic debate shows that urban community gardening (CG) has diverse governance models with differing roles of city administration and citizens. This article uses an empirical case study conducted in the city of Tampere, Finland, to explore what I call the “operational space” of urban CG seen from the viewpoint of city officials. Two rounds of interviews were conducted with eight city officials, and a discourse analysis was applied for the data. As an analytic term developed in this article, the operational space emerges by administrative policies and practices that enable or constrain urban gardening under two general trends of urban governance: institutional ambiguity and neoliberal urban development. In this case, the operational space was rather rigid and narrow. The five main discourses on benefit, control of space, scarcity, unclarity, and newness referred to a clear aim to enable urban gardening. However, the discourses were restricted to strategic, limited, and instrumental levels, as the political-strategic aims of enabling urban gardening contradicted the administrative practices. The results show that cautiousness and unclarity in the administrative-political culture tend to lead to institutional ambiguity. In conclusion, operational space analysis is helpful to uncover the problems and possibilities between CG and city administration.
Indigenous Economies for Post-Covid Development
Authors: Mistry Jayalaxshmi , Jafferally Deirdre , Albert Grace , Xavier Rebecca , Robertson Bernie , George Ena , Mendonca Sean , Berardi Andrea
Published: June 2023

Despite being disproportionately susceptible to infectious diseases like COVID-19, many Indigenous peoples still hold traditional knowledge that is responding and adapting to new circumstances and crises such as the pandemic. In this paper, we present the findings from a participatory video project in eight Makushi and Wapishan Indigenous communities in the North Rupununi, Guyana, that explored the difficulties and disruptions that came about through COVID-19, but also the opportunities for change and transformation. Over four months, Indigenous researchers gathered the views and perspectives of their communities through a participatory video process. Our findings show that there was limited information provided to communities and their leaders (especially at the start of the pandemic), and support, in the form of supplies and relief, was ad-hoc and inconsistent. As people lost income from paid work, they turned to traditional farming, fishing and hunting to sustain their lives and to support others who did not have the conditions to support themselves. While many Indigenous community members retreated to their isolated farms as a protective measure, community leaders took responsibility to protect their lands and territory by installing gates on access roads and establishing patrols to enforce rules. The recognition that their traditional knowledge was not only culturally important but necessary for survival during the pandemic, gave it a newfound relevance and legitimacy, particularly for young people. Supporting Indigenous economies such as farming are not only critical for maintaining nature and traditional cultures today, but also for being resilient to future social and ecological crises.
The Biosecuritization of the Tourist City
Authors: Nofre Jordi , Garcia-Ruiz Manuel , Martins João Carlos
Published: June 2023

The impact of COVID-19 on tourism has been enormous across the globe. The successful recovery of the tourism industry at the local, national, and global levels is strictly dependent on the efficient contention and mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic at the global level and on the capacity of tour operators, governments, and other actors to generate complete trust among tourists. In this article, we examine the biosecuritization of Lisbon (Portugal) and the efforts carried out by the administration to preserve the city as a COVID-free urban destination. In this sense, we will examine two main strategies that have received little attention from the scholarly community, namely (i) the strengthening of repressive, punitive, and criminalizing policies against suburban working-class youths ('the perilous') within the scope of guaranteeing a COVID-free city for tourists ('the untouchables'), and (ii) the (in)governance of the urban night of Lisbon during the current pandemic. In the last section, we will argue how mobility restrictions, lockdowns, and nighttime curfews have shown us how central culture, arts, entertainment, and leisure are for not only the cultural and social life of many young and adult people in Europe but also for their socio-emotional wellbeing.
Can Kant tell us what to do? Intentions, dilemmas, and the long journey towards moral perfection
Authors: Barredo Álvaro R. G.
Published: June 2023

The “received view” on Kantian ethics holds that perfect duties enjoy absolute priority over imperfect duties. More recently, several Kantian scholars have reassessed this situation, arguing that imperfect duties may remain binding even if they imply breaching a perfect duty. In this article, I argue that both positions rely on a misunderstanding of the bindingness of Kantian duties. Genuine Kantian duties, I claim, remain binding even when they cannot be fulfilled. We must always strive for a total completion of our duties; what it means for us to strive for it, however, will vary depending on our peculiar situation.
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Acerca de la estructura argumentativa de la Estética Transcendental
Authors: Caimi Mario
Published: June 2023

En este artículo se ofrece una interpretación de la estructura de la Estética Transcendental. La tradición ha considerado esta parte de la KrV como si se refiriera sólo al espacio y al tiempo, y no estudió suficientemente la estructura del argumento que se ofrece allí. Si se analiza tal línea argumentativa, se advierte que Kant sigue un método riguroso y preciso, combinación de sintético y analítico, que le permite partir de la afección, descubrir la sensibilidad, su materia, sus formas, y finalmente concluir que las nociones de espacio y tiempo son justamente las formas de la sensibilidad.
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Presentación del comentario colectivo del libro de Sevilla, S. y Conill, J. (coords.) Kant después del neokantismo (2020)
Authors: Villanueva Borja
Published: June 2023

El artículo realiza una presentación de tres comentarios del volumen colectivo editado por Sergio Sevilla y Jesús Conill: Kant después del neokantismo. Lecturas desde el siglo XX (Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 2020), así como de la respuesta de Sergio Sevilla a estos.

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Chinese approach to democracy: the evolution of democratic values in China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Bykov Aleksei Yurievich
Published: June 2023

The evolution of democratic values in China has been a complex and multifaceted process that has undergone significant changes throughout history. From ancient times to the present, the interpretation and implementation of democratic principles have been influenced by various social, cultural, and political factors. The concept of democracy in China has evolved through different stages, including ancient China, feudal China, and the development of China's political system under the People's Republic. Throughout these stages, democratic values have been shaped by Confucian principles, the influence of Western ideas, the Chinese Communist Party's ideology, and the need to adapt democratic systems to China's unique circumstances. By conducting a conceptual content analysis of theoretical works and normative documents, comparative analysis and historical analysis, this study reveals that cultural values and norms shape the interpretation and implementation of democracy, while democratic systems influence and transform cultural dynamics within societies. The historical retrospective of China's democratic values offers a unique perspective, highlighting the evolution of democracy in a specific cultural and political context. The Chinese approach to democracy has emphasized people's participation, consultative democracy, grassroots democracy, and the combination of socialist principles with market reforms. China's ongoing efforts to improve governance, rule of law, transparency, and public participation reflect its commitment to further develop its democratic values in the context of its own historical and cultural framework. The findings emphasize the intricate relationship between culture and democracy and call for a comprehensive understanding of democratic values in different cultural and institutional frameworks.
Experimentally induced active and quiet sleep engage non-overlapping transcriptional programs in Drosophila
Authors: Anthoney Niki , Tainton-Heap Lucy , Luong Hang , Notaras Eleni , Kewin Amber B , Zhao Qiongyi , Perry Trent , Batterham Philip , Shaw Paul J , van Swinderen Bruno
Published: June 2023

Sleep in mammals can be broadly classified into two different physiological categories: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow-wave sleep (SWS), and accordingly REM and SWS are thought to achieve a different set of functions. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is increasingly being used as a model to understand sleep functions, although it remains unclear if the fly brain also engages in different kinds of sleep as well. Here, we compare two commonly used approaches for studying sleep experimentally in Drosophila: optogenetic activation of sleep-promoting neurons and provision of a sleep-promoting drug, gaboxadol. We find that these different sleep-induction methods have similar effects on increasing sleep duration, but divergent effects on brain activity. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that drug-induced deep sleep (‘quiet’ sleep) mostly downregulates metabolism genes, whereas optogenetic ‘active’ sleep upregulates a wide range of genes relevant to normal waking functions. This suggests that optogenetics and pharmacological induction of sleep in Drosophila promote different features of sleep, which engage different sets of genes to achieve their respective functions.
A neural network model of differentiation and integration of competing memories
Authors: Ritvo Victoria JH , Nguyen Alex , Turk-Browne Nicholas B , Norman Kenneth A
Published: June 2023

What determines when neural representations of memories move together (integrate) or apart (differentiate)? Classic supervised learning models posit that, when two stimuli predict similar outcomes, their representations should integrate. However, these models have recently been challenged by studies showing that pairing two stimuli with a shared associate can sometimes cause differentiation, depending on the parameters of the study and the brain region being examined. Here, we provide a purely unsupervised neural network model that can explain these and other related findings. The model can exhibit integration or differentiation depending on the amount of activity allowed to spread to competitors — inactive memories are not modified, connections to moderately active competitors are weakened (leading to differentiation), and connections to highly active competitors are strengthened (leading to integration). The model also makes several novel predictions — most importantly, that when differentiation occurs as a result of this unsupervised learning mechanism, it will be rapid and asymmetric, and it will give rise to anticorrelated representations in the region of the brain that is the source of the differentiation. Overall, these modeling results provide a computational explanation for a diverse set of seemingly contradictory empirical findings in the memory literature, as well as new insights into the dynamics at play during learning.
Optimizing lettuce yields and quality by incorporating movable downward lighting with a supplemental adjustable sideward lighting system in a plant factory
Authors: Mutombo Arcel Mulowayi , Yousef Ahmed Fathy , Shen Zhen Hui , Nyimbo Witness Joseph , Zheng Shu He
Published: June 2023

Background

Lettuce is a vegetable that is increasingly consumed globally, given its nutritional quality. Plant factories with artificial lighting can produce high-yield and high-quality plants. High plant density in these systems speeds up leaf senescence. Wasted energy and lower yield raised labor expenses are some of the bottlenecks associated with this farming system. In order to increase lettuce yields and quality in the plant factory, it is essential to develop cultivating techniques using artificial lighting.

Methods

Romaine lettuce was grown under a developed “movable downward lighting combined with supplemental adjustable sideward lighting system” (C-S) and under a system without supplemental sideward lighting (N-S) in a plant factory. The effects of C-S on lettuce’s photosynthetic characteristics, plant yield, and energy consumption relative to plants grown under a system without N-S were studied.

Results

Romaine lettuce growth and light energy consumption in the plant factory were both influenced favorably by supplementary adjustable sideward lighting. The number of leaves, stem diameter, fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll a and b concentration, and biochemical content (soluble sugar and protein) all increased sharply. The energy consumption was substantially higher in the N-S treatment than the C-S.
Is coconut coir dust an efficient biofertilizer carrier for promoting coffee seedling growth and nutrient uptake?
Authors: Chromkaew Yupa , Kaeomuangmoon Thewin , Mawan Nipon , Mukjang Nilita , Khongdee Nuttapon
Published: June 2023

Background

As a method for sustainable agriculture, biofertilizers containing plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been recommended as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. However, the short shelf-life of inoculants remains a limiting factor in the development of biofertilizer technology. The present study aimed to (i) evaluate the effectiveness of four different carriers (perlite, vermiculite, diatomite and coconut coir dust) on the shelf-life of S2-4a1 and R2-3b1 isolates over 60 days after inoculation and (ii) evaluate isolated bacteria as growth-promoting agents for coffee seedlings.

Methods

The rhizosphere soil-isolated S2-4a1 and plant-tissue-isolated R2-3b1 were chosen based on their P and K-solubilizing capacities and their ability to produce IAA. To evaluate the alternative carriers, two selected isolates were inoculated with the four different carriers and incubated at 25 °C for 60 days. The bacterial survival, pH, and EC in each carrier were investigated. In addition, coconut coir dust inoculated with the selected isolates was applied to the soil in pots planted with coffee (Coffea arabica). At 90 days following application, variables such as biomass and total N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptakes of coffee seedlings were examined.

Results

The results showed that after 60 days of inoculation at 25 °C, the population of S2-4a1 and R2-3b1 in coconut coir dust carriers was 1.3 and 2.15 × 108 CFU g−1, respectively. However, there were no significant differences among carriers (P > 0.05). The results of the present study suggested that coconut coir dust can be used as an alternative carrier for S2-4a1 and R2-3b1 isolates. The significant differences in pH and EC were observed by different carriers (P < 0.01) after inoculation with both bacterial isolates. However, pH and EC declined significantly only with coconut coir dust during the incubation period. In addition, coconut coir dust-based bioformulations of both S2-4a1 and R2-3b1 enhanced plant growth and nutrient uptake (P, K, Ca, Mg), providing evidence that isolated bacteria possess additional growth-promoting properties.
Accounting for spatial habitat and management boundaries when estimating forest bird population distribution and density: inferences from a soap film smoother
Authors: Camp Richard J. , Miller David L. , Buckland Stephen T. , Kendall Steve J.
Published: June 2023

Birds are often obligate to specific habitats which can result in study areas with complex boundaries due to sudden changes in vegetation or other features. This can result in study areas with concave arcs or that include holes of unsuitable habitat such as lakes or agricultural fields. Spatial models used to produce species’ distribution and density estimates need to respect such boundaries to make informed decisions for species conservation and management. The soap film smoother is one model for complex study regions which controls the boundary behaviour, ensuring realistic values at the edges of the region. We apply the soap film smoother to account for boundary effects and compare it with thin plate regression spline (TPRS) smooth and design-based conventional distance sampling methods to produce abundance estimates from point-transect distance sampling collected data on Hawai‘i ‘ĀkepaLoxops coccineusin the Hakalau Forest Unit of the Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Hawai‘i Island, USA. The soap film smoother predicted zero or near zero densities in the northern part of the domain and two hotspots (in the southern and central parts of the domain). Along the boundary the soap film model predicted relatively high densities where ‘Ākepa occur in the adjacent forest and near zero elsewhere. The design-based and soap film abundance estimates were nearly identical. The width of the soap film confidence interval was 16.5% and 0.8% wider than the width of the TPRS smooth and design-based confidence intervals, respectively. The peaks in predicted densities along the boundary indicates leakage by the TPRS smooth. We provide a discussion of the statistical methods, biological findings and management implications of applying soap film smoothers to estimate forest bird population status.
DİL ÖĞRETİMİNDE SANAL GERÇEKLİK UYGULAMALARININ KULLANIMI
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Bilal
Published: June 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı dil öğretimi bağlamında sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş araştırmaların incelenmesi ve dil öğretimine yansımalarının tespit edilmesidir. Nitel araştırmanın doğasına uygun olarak yürütülen bu araştırmada verilerin toplanması için doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Web of Science’da taranan ve dil öğretiminde sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının kullanıldığı makaleler incelenerek elde edilmiştir. Yapılan içerik analizi sonucunda, incelenen makalelerde örneklem olarak en çok lise ve lisans düzeyinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin tercih edildiği görülmüştür. Bunun yanında araştırmaların önemli bir kısmı İngilizcenin ve Çincenin öğretimine yönelik gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmalarda en çok yazma becerisi ve kelime öğretimine odaklanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.İlgili araştırmaların sonuçları incelendiğinde okuma becerisi bağlamında olumsuz sonuçların daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Buna karşın dinleme becerisi, konuşma becerisi, yazma becerisi, dil bilgisi öğretimi ve kelime öğretimine yönelik yapılan araştırmalarda sanal gerçeklik destekli etkinliklerin olumlu sonuçlar ortaya çıkardığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar farklı indekslerde taranan makalelerin sonuçlarıyla beraber tartışılmış ve çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.