bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jigsaw Puzzle Improve Fine Motor Abilities of Upper Extremities in Post-Stroke Ischemic Clients
Authors: Kusnanto Kusnanto , Prajayanti Eska Dwi , Harmayetty Harmayetty
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a disease caused by focal cerebral ischemia, where is a decline in blood flow that needed for neuronal metabolism, leading to neurologic deficit include motor deficit such as fine motor skills impairment. Therapy of fine motor skills disorders is to improve motor function, prevent contractures and complications. These study aimed to identify the effect of playing Jigsaw Puzzle on muscle strength, extensive motion, and upper extremity fine motor skills in patients with ischemic stroke at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta.Methods: Experimental Quasi pre-posttest one group control. The number of samples were 34 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. The samples were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group was 17 respondents who were given standard treatment hospital and played Jigsaw Puzzle 2 times a day for six days. Control group is one respondent given by hospital standard therapy without given additional Jigsaw Puzzle game. Evaluation of these research is done on the first and seventh day for those groups.Results: The results showed that muscle strength, the range of joint motion and fine motor skills of upper extremities increased (p = 0.001) significantly after being given the Jigsaw Puzzle games. These means playing Jigsaw Puzzle increase muscle strength, the range of joint motion and upper extremity fine motor skill of ischemic stroke patients.Conclusion: Jigsaw puzzle game administration as additional rehabilitation therapy in upper extremity fine motor to minimize the occurrence of contractures and motor disorders in patients with ischemic stroke. Jigsaw puzzle game therapy capable of creating repetitive motion as a key of neurological rehabilitation in Ischemic Stroke. This study recommends using jigsaw puzzle game as one of intervention in the nursing care of Ischemic Stroke patients.
Quality Improvement Model of Nursing Education in Muhammadiyah Universities Toward Competitive Advantage
Authors: Hidayat Abdul Aziz Alimul , Uliyah Musrifatul , Sukadiono Sukadiono
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Most of (90,6%) nursing education quality in East Java was still low (BAN-PT, 2012). It was because the quality improvement process in nursing education generally was conducted partially (random performance improvement). The solution which might be done was through identifying proper quality improvement model in Nursing Education toward competitive advantage.Method: This research used survey to gain the data. The research sample was 16 Muhammadiyah Universities chosen using simple random sampling. The data were collected with questionnaires of 174 questions and documentation study. Data analysis used was Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis technique.Result: Nursing education department profile in Muhammadiyah Universities in Indonesia showed of 10 years establishment, accredited B and the competition level in one city/regency was averagely more than three Universities becoming the competitors. Based on the quality improvement model analysis of nursing education toward competitive advantage on Muhammadiyah Universities, it was directly affected by the focus of learning and operasional process through human resources management improvement, on the other hand information system also directly affected on quality improvement, also affected quality process components; leadership, human resources, focus of learning and operational process. In improving human resources would be directly influenced with proper strategic planning. Strategic planning was directly influenced with leadership. Thus, in improving quality of nursing education, the leadership role of department, proper information system, and thehuman resources management improvement must be implemented.Conclusion: Quality improvement model in nursing education was directly determined with learning and operational process through human resources management along with information system, strategic planning factors, and leadership. The research finding could be developed in quality analysis application program.
Development of Transactional Communication Model for Midwife and Postpartum Mother on Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Susilaningrum Rekawati , Utami Sri , Susilorini Susilorini
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Exclusive breastfeeding has become a major issue in Surabaya because the number of exclusive breastfeeding coverage are less than 80% which is below the national target. The purpose of this study was to develop a transactional communication model based on management between midwife and postpartum mother on exclusive breastfeeding.Method. The design used in this study was cross-sectional with 175 postpartum mothers in public health center Surabaya as the samples that recruited by purposive sampling. Questionnaires were used as instrument and data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical test and Partial Least Square (PLS). Result. The result showed that predisposing factors and enabling factors were able to improve the practice of exclusive breastfeeding directly or indirectly by transactional communication with t-table (>1.96). However, reinforcing factors could not directly improve the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. This study indicates that practice of exclusive breastfeeding could be improved with transactional communication based on human interaction theory.Conclusion. The implementation of transactional communication between midwife and mother would be able to optimize the predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.
Determinants Factors of Vasectomy Method Selection
Authors: Yunitasari Esti , Pradanie Retnayu , Hardiansyah Hardiansyah
Published: July 2017

Introduction: The level of male participation in family planning by choosing vasectomy in East Lampung region Pekalongan health centers is still low, although the success rate of vasectomy as family planning is very high. This study aimed to explain the factors related to the men’s choice of vasectomy in the Pekalongan health center East Lampung.Methods: This study used an analytical study design with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were 117 men in reproductive age gathered by using purposive sampling. The independent variables were knowledge, attitudes, parity, age, availability of health resources and infrastructure, health education, attitude and behavior of health care workers and family support. The dependent variable was the men’s participation in vasectomy as family planning. Data were retrieved using questionnaires and statistically analyzed using Chi-Square test.Results: Factors affecting the selection of vasectomy as family planning in men with reproductive age were an attitude (p=0,020), parity (p=0.022), age (p=0,021), the availability of health resources and health infrastructure (p=0.018), and family support (p=0.011). However, the knowledge, health education, and the attitudes and behavior of health workers did not affect the selection of vasectomy as family planning.Discussion: Public Health Centres are expected to build a family planning services, especially for vasectomies, such as the provision of vasectomy facilities which can reach the community and the establishment of cadres for male birth control.
Enculturation in The Life Pattern of Breast Cancer Patients: An Ethno-Nursing Study on Sundanese Women
Authors: Witdiawati Witdiawati , Rahayuwati Laili , Sari Sheizi Prita
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Death of breast cancer remains the highest position in the totem of incidents not only in Indonesia but also in the world. Its treatment process, which in fact brings huge impacts to the life quality of breast cancer patients in terms of physique, psychology, and social life, shapes a number of behavioral patterns throughout their life. The aim of this research is thus to explore patterns of breast cancer patients in sustaining their lifespan.Methods: This research is designed using ethno-nursing qualitative approach. The sampling technique is done purposively to 6 informants, all of whom are breast cancer patients in Garut District, West Java, Indonesia. Data collecting is done through interviews and participatory observation. Data transcription is analyzed using ethno-nursing analysis method.Results: The result of the research shows four domains occurring as a pattern of inculturation of breast cancer patients in Sundanese culture, namely 1) dedication as wife and mother of Sundanese breast cancer patients, 2) medicine seeking for the rest of their life, 3) factors affecting to breast cancer patients adaptation for daily routines, and 4) family gathering as a meaning for end of life.Discussion: The result of this research shows an interconnected cultural pattern in the life of these patients. It is thus advised that nurses provide service to breast cancer clients by applying nursing care inherent to their cultural values.
Challenges for Uneven-Aged Silviculture in Restoration of Post-Disturbance Forests
Authors: Diaci Jurij , Roženbergar Dušan , Fidej Gal , Nagel Thomas A.
Published: July 2017

Forest managers are often required to restore forest stands following natural disturbances, a situation that may become more common and more challenging under global change. In parts of Central Europe, particularly in mountain regions dominated by mixed temperate forests, the use of relatively low intensity, uneven-aged silviculture is a common management approach. Because this type of management is based on mimicking less intense disturbances, the restoration of more severe disturbance patches within forested landscapes has received little attention within the context of uneven-aged silviculture in the region. The goal of this paper is to synthesize research on the restoration of forests damaged by disturbances in temperate forests of Slovenia and neighbouring regions of Central Europe, where uneven-aged silviculture is practiced. We place particular emphasis on the most important biotic and abiotic drivers of post-disturbance regeneration, and use this information to inform silvicultural decisions about applying natural or artificial regeneration in disturbed areas. We conclude with guidelines for restoration silviculture in uneven-aged forest landscapes.
Effectiveness of septage pre-treatment in vertical flow constructed wetlands
Authors: Karolinczak Beata , Dąbrowski Wojciech
Published: July 2017

Septage is wastewater stored temporarily in cesspools. A periodic supply of its significant quantities to small municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may cause many operational problems. In the frame of the research, it has been proposed to utilize vertical flow constructed wetlands for pre-treatment of septage prior to its input to the biological stage of a WWTP. The aim of the work was to assess the effectiveness of pre-treatment in relation to factors such as: seasonality, hydraulic load, pollutants load of the VF bed and interactions between these factors. The results proved that application of a VF bed to septage pre-treatment can significantly reduce the concentration of pollutants (biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5): 82%, chemical oxygen demand (COD): 82%, total suspended solids (TSS): 91%, total nitrogen (TN): 47%, ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N): 70%), and thus decrease the loading of the biological stage of a WWTP. The mathematical models of mass removal process were created. They indicate that in case of all analysed parameters, removed load goes up with the increase of load in the influent. However, with the increase of hydraulic load, a decrease of the removed BOD5, COD, TSS and total phosphorus, and in vegetation period an increase of TN, can be observed in terms of load. There are no statistically significant effects of seasonality.
Adsorption of phosphate ions from aqueous solutions by a CeO2 functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanomaterial
Authors: Liu Jingliang , Cao Jingjing , Hu Yaojuan , Han Yuxiang , Zhou Juan
Published: July 2017

Phosphate is generally considered to be one of the nutrients for plants which may cause eutrophication of the aquatic environment. In this study, a CeO2-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanomaterial (denoted as Fe3O4@SiO2-CeO2) was prepared and used as the adsorbent to remove phosphate from water. The adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. Characterization results show that the particle size is around 8.63 nm, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area is 179.7 m2 · g−1 and the pore volume is 0.39 cm3 · g−1 for magnetite Fe3O4@SiO2-CeO2. The adsorbents could be rapidly separated under an external magnetic field. Batch adsorption tests show that the Fe3O4@SiO2-CeO2 adsorbent exhibited high adsorption affinity for phosphate. Additionally, phosphate adsorption isotherms over the adsorbents could be well described by the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption, and phosphate adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Moreover, increasing pH led to suppressed phosphate adsorption, and phosphate adsorption slightly increased with ionic strength.
LNTP-MDBN: Big Data Integrated Learning Framework for Heterogeneous Image Set Classification
Authors: Vinod D. Franklin , Vasudevan V.
Published: July 2017

Background:

With the explosive growth of global data, the term Big Data describes the
enormous size of dataset through the detailed analysis. The big data analytics revealed the hidden
patterns and secret correlations among the values. The major challenges in Big data analysis are
due to increase of volume, variety, and velocity. The capturing of images with multi-directional
views initiates the image set classification which is an attractive research study in the volumetricbased
medical image processing.

Methods:

This paper proposes the Local N-ary Ternary Patterns (LNTP) and Modified Deep Belief
Network (MDBN) to alleviate the dimensionality and robustness issues. Initially, the proposed
LNTP-MDBN utilizes the filtering technique to identify and remove the dependent and independent
noise from the images. Then, the application of smoothening and the normalization techniques
on the filtered image improves the intensity of the images.

Results:

The LNTP-based feature extraction categorizes the heterogeneous images into different
categories and extracts the features from each category. Based on the extracted features, the modified
DBN classifies the normal and abnormal categories in the image set finally.

Conclusion:

The comparative analysis of proposed LNTP-MDBN with the existing pattern extraction
and DBN learning models regarding classification accuracy and runtime confirms the effectiveness
in mining applications.
CCL2 is Modulated by Cytokines and PPAR-γ in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ferrari Silvia Martina , Elia Giusy , Piaggi Simona , Baldini Enke , Ulisse Salvatore , Miccoli Mario , Materazzi Gabriele , Antonelli Alessandro , Fallahi Poupak
Published: July 2017

Background and Objective:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2, the prototype Th2 chemokine, is
secreted by tumor cells, and has growth promoting effects. Whether CCL2 protumorigenic activities will be
validated, then CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 may be therapeutic targets in cancer.

Methods:

We tested in “primary human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells” (ANA) versus “normal thyroid
follicular cells” (TFC): a) CCL2 secretion basally, after IFN-γ and/or TNF-α stimulation; b) PPARγ activation
by thiazolidinediones (TZDs), rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, on CCL2 secretion, and on proliferation and
apoptosis in ANA.

Results:

ANA produced basally CCL2, at a higher level versus TFC. IFN-γ or TNF-α dose-dependently induced
the CCL2 release in 3/6 or 5/6 ANA, respectively, but in all TFC. IFN-γ+TNF-α induced a synergistic release of
CCL2 in all TFC, but only in 1/6 ATC. TZDs exerted an inhibition of CCL2 release in 3/6 ANA, while had no
effect in TFC. Pioglitazone inhibition of ANA proliferation was not associated with the effect on CCL2; NF-κB
and ERK1/2 were basally activated in ANA, increased by IFN-γ+TNF-α, and pioglitazone inhibited IFN-
γ+TNF-α activation. CCL2 serum levels were higher in 6 ATC patients than in 5 controls (813±345 versus
345±212, pg/mL; respectively; P<0.01, ANOVA).

Conclusion:

ANA produce CCL2 basally and after cytokines stimulation, with an extremely variable pattern of
modulation, suggesting different types of deregulation in the chemokine modulation. Serum CCL2 is increased
in ATC patients. Further studies will be necessary to evaluate if CCL2 might be used as a marker in the followup
of ATC patients.
Use of Nasal Non-Invasive Ventilation with a RAM Cannula in the Outpatient Home Setting
Authors: De Jesus Rojas Wilfredo , Samuels Cheryl L. , Gonzales Traci R. , McBeth Katrina E. , Yadav Aravind , Stark James M. , Jon Cindy , Mosquera Ricardo A.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Nasal non-invasive-ventilation (Nasal NIV) is a mode of ventilatory support providing positive pressure to patients via a nasal interface. The RAM Cannula is an oxygen delivery device that can be used as an alternative approach to deliver positive pressure. Together they have been successfully used to provide respiratory support in neonatal in-patient settings.

Objective:

To describe the outpatient use of Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula as a feasible alternative for home respiratory support in children with chronic respiratory failure.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective case series of 18 children (4 months to 19 years old) using the Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula in the Pediatric Pulmonary Clinic at the McGovern Medical School, UTHealth (2014-16). Consideration for Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula utilization included: inability to wean-off in-patient respiratory support, comfort for dyspnea, intolerability of conventional mask interfaces and tracheostomy avoidance.

Results:

Average age was 7 years. 50% were Caucasian, 38% African-American and 11% Hispanics. Pulmonary disorders included: chest wall weakness (38%), central control abnormalities (33%), obstructive lung disease (16%) and restrictive lung disease (11%). Indications for Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula initiation included: CPAP/BPAP masks intolerability (11%), dyspnea secondary to chest wall weakness (38%) and tracheostomy avoidance (50%). Average length of use of Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula was 8.4 months. Successful implementation of Nasal NIV/Ram Cannula was 94%. One patient required a tracheostomy following the use of Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula. Significant decrease in arterial PaCO2 pre and post Nasal NIV/RAM cannula initiation was notable (p=0.001).

Conclusion:

Outpatient use of Nasal NIV/RAM Cannula may prove to be a feasible and save treatment alternative for children with chronic respiratory failure, chest wall weakness, dyspnea and traditional nasal/face mask intolerance to avoid tracheostomy.
Combined Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant And Micropulse Yellow Laser For Treatment Of Anti-VEGF Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Elhamid Ahmed Hosni Abd
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

To report the efficacy and safety of combined intravitreal dexamethasone implant and micropulse laser for anti-VEGF resistant diabetic macular edema.

Patients and Methods:

Prospective, non-controlled study that was conducted for twenty eyes with center-involved diabetic macular edema not responding to anti-VEGF therapy. Ozurdex intravitreal implant was injected to all eyes with subsequent micropulse yellow laser one month after the injection. All eyes were followed up after one, three, four, six, nine and twelve months. The primary outcome measure is the change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after one year and secondary outcome measures are central macular thickness (CMT) change and safety of both dexamethasone implant and micropulse laser. Reinjection was done for those eyes with recurrent edema.

Results:

The mean age was 58.8 ±7.94 years. The mean BCVA was 0.6± 0.14, 0.57 ±0.12, 0.51±0.15, 0.59±0.12, 0.6± 0.12 and 0.59±0.14 after one, three, four, six, nine and twelve months in comparison to 0.45± 0.14 as initial BCVA [SS,P<0.05]. The CMT was 302.5±30.01, 330.6±20.24, 357.6±32.15, 285.4±19.95, 292.9±25.07 and 285.2±14.99µm after one ,three, four ,six , nine and twelve months in comparison to initial CMT of 420.7 ±38.74µm [HS, P<0.01]. Cataract occurred in 6 eyes from 14 phakic eyes (42.8%). Transient ocular hypertension occurred in 6 eyes (30%). Reinjection was done for eight eyes (40%).

Conclusion:

Intravitreal dexamethasone implant and micropulse laser are both effective and safe treatment options for anti-VEGF resistant diabetic macular edema.
Rat Running Wheel Behavior Reflects Inflammatory, Orofacial Pain
Authors: Farrow Patrick , Rowland Kevin
Published: July 2017

Background:

Our objective was to establish a novel, unbiased metric of inflammatory, orofacial pain.

Method:

Rats were placed individually into cages equipped with running wheels, and allowed an acclimation period of 17 days. Diurnal and nocturnal voluntary running behaviors were recorded. After day 17, rats were deeply anesthetized and divided into mustard oil, vehicle (mineral oil) and drug (ibuprofen) groups. Injections of mustard oil or mineral oil were made into the vestibule superior to the maxillary molar. Running wheel behavior was recorded for three days following the procedure.

Results:

After acclimation, the average percentage of running behavior that occurred at night was 94% +/-1% SE. Mustard oil injections caused externally observable, unilateral inflammation. On average, mustard oil injections significantly reduced nocturnal running on the first and second nocturnal periods post-injection. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, ibuprofen, significantly improved running behavior during the second nocturnal period, which was abolished when removed during the third nocturnal period.

Conclusions:

We conclude that unilateral injections of algogens in the vestibule coupled with analysis of nocturnal running behavior is an effective method to measure acute inflammatory pain for three days that mirrors many painful clinical situations. The model could be used as inexpensive, quantitative method to evaluate putative pain relieving therapeutics.
PENGARUH LAMA MASSAGE DAN LAMA MILK FLOW RATE TERHADAP LAJU PANCARAN PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN DI PT GREENFIELDS INDONESIA
Authors: Surjowardojo Puguh , Trisunuwati Pratiwi , Khikma Suratul
Published: July 2017

Produksi susu sapi perah dipengaruhi oleh manajemen pemerahan. Lama massage dan milk flow rate merupakan bagian dari manajemen pemerahan yang dapat mempengaruhi laju pancaran produksi susu sapi perah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari sampai April 2016 di PT Greenfields Indonesia.Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui adanya pengaruh interaksi lama massage dan lama milk flow rate yang berbeda pada sapi FH (Friesian Holstein) terhadap laju pancaran produksi susu. Materi penelitian menggunakan sapi FH periode laktasi sebanyak 64 ekor dengan bulan laktasi 3.Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen yang dilakukan 8 pengulangan.Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola Faktorial, dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam/Analysis of Variant (ANOVA), dan apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata maka untuk mengetahui perlakuan yang optimal menggunakan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi lama massagedenganlama milk flow rate yaitu memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap laju pancaran produksi susu.Â  Perlakuan terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan M4 MFR2 (lama massage 4 detik dengan lama milk flow rate 60-120 detik) dengan rata-rata laju pancaran produksi susu 9,64Â±0,38liter/ekor/milk flow rate. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh yang nyata interaksi lama massage, lama milk flow rate terhadap laju pancaran produksi susu. Berdasarkan dari hasil rata-rata laju pancaran produksi susu pada perlakuan dapat diketahui bahwa semakin lama waktu massage dan lama milk flow rate akan meningkatkan laju pancaran produksi susu.Â Kata kunci: lama massage, milk flow rate, laju pancaran produksiÂ  susu dan sapi perah FH.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN CEP-2 DENGAN SUPLEMENTASI KUNING TELUR TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA SAPI FH (FRISIAN HOLSTEIN) KUALITAS RENDAH SELAMA PENYIMPANAN SUHU 4-5OC
Authors: Muhammad Dedi , Susilawati Trinil , Wahjuningsih Sri
Published: July 2017

Tujuan dari penelitihan ini adalah pengaruh penggunaan CEP-2 dengan suplementasi kuning telur pada berbagai level terhadap kualitas spermatozoa sapi FH kualitas rendah selama penyimpanan pada suhu 4-5 oC. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Reproduksi Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Brawijaya, tanggal 17 September hingga 18 November 2014. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah percoboaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Penelitihan ini menggunakan 3 perlakukan, yaitu (P1 = CEP-2 + 10% Kuning Telur, P2 = CEP-2 + 15% Kuning Telur, P3 = CEP-2 + 20% Kuning Telur) dengan 10 ulangan. Hasil penelitihan menunjukkan bahwa pengencer CEP-2 dengan suplementasi 10%, 15%, 20% kuning telur tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan (P> 0,05) terhadap persentase motilitas, viabilitas dan abnormalitas spermatozoa sapi FH yang memiliki kulitas rendah. Semen segar kualitas rendah dalam pengencer CEP-2 yang ditambahkan 10%, 15% dan 20% kuning telur dapat bertahan sampai hari ke 1 untuk dapat digunakan dalam proses IB. Disarankan untuk memanfaatkan semen segar sapi FH yang memiliki kualitas rendah untuk inseminasi buatan.Kata kunci: semen, pengencer, motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas.
THE ROLE OF LEAF WATER CLOVER (Marsilia crenata) SQUEEZE TOWARDS ESTROGEN BLOOD LEVEL AND UTERINE HISTOLOGY IN RATS (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Trisunuwati Pratiwi
Published: July 2017

Water clover (Marsilea crenata) is contained with isoflavones, shown to mimic the role of the female hormone estrogen. Isoflavones binding to estrogen receptors that produce beneficial effects. However, research on the optimal dose of water clover use is still not much studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of leaf squeeze water cloverÂ  towards estrogen and how affect the histology of uterine. This study used 30 female Wistar Rats (Ratus norvegicus) divided into six groups. P1 as a negative control group, P2 as a positive control group. P4, P5 and P6 were given squeeze water cloverleaf Â concentrations given as follow (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%). The results was analized with one way ANOVA showed significant (p< 0.05) between groups, among Â group P3, P4, P5 and P6 increase the blood Â estrogen mostly Â higher than the negative control (P1) and a positive control (P2). Histological features of the uterus in the positive control group showed endometrial lining thicker than the negative control group. Histology of the uterus in the treatment group P4, P5 and P6 are also seen endometrium thickening as in group P3. This research has proved that water clover extract consumption show a promising supporting phytoestrogen hormone theraphy in the future both in animal and human. However there was needed a much futher research in order to found a proper dose for as a prospective pytotherapy.Â Keyword: Water Clover (Marsilia crenata), estrogen, uterine histology
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Discharged Home from an Emergency Department with AKI
Authors: Acedillo Rey R. , Wald Ron , McArthur Eric , Nash Danielle Marie , Silver Samuel A. , James Matthew T. , Schull Michael J. , Siew Edward D. , Matheny Michael E. , House Andrew A. , Garg Amit X.
Published: July 2017

Background and objectives

Patients discharged home from an emergency department with AKI are not well described. This study describes their characteristics and outcomes and compares these outcomes to two referent groups.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada from 2003 to 2012 of 6346 patients aged ≥40 years who were discharged from the emergency department with AKI (defined using serum creatinine values). We analyzed the risk of all-cause mortality, receipt of acute dialysis, and hospitalization within 30 days after discharge. We used propensity score methods to compare all-cause mortality to two referent groups. We matched 4379 discharged patients to 4379 patients who were hospitalized from the emergency department with similar AKI stage. We also matched 6188 discharged patients to 6188 patients who were discharged home from the emergency department with no AKI.

Results

There were 6346 emergency department discharges with AKI. The mean age was 69 years and 6012 (95%) had stage 1, 290 (5%) had stage 2, and 44 (0.7%) had stage 3 AKI. Within 30 days, 149 (2%) (AKI stage 1: 127 [2%]; stage 2: 15 [5%]; stage 3: seven [16%]) died, 22 (0.3%) received acute dialysis, and 1032 (16%) were hospitalized. An emergency department discharge versus hospitalization with AKI was associated with lower mortality (3% versus 12%; relative risk, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.3). An emergency department discharge with AKI versus no AKI was associated with higher mortality (2% versus 1%; relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.0).

Conclusions

Patients discharged home from the emergency department with AKI are at risk of poor 30-day outcomes. A better understanding of care in this at-risk population is warranted, as are testing strategies to improve care.
Definitions and End Points for Interventional Studies for Arteriovenous Dialysis Access
Authors: Beathard Gerald A. , Lok Charmaine E. , Glickman Marc H. , Al-Jaishi Ahmed A. , Bednarski Donna , Cull David L. , Lawson Jeffery H. , Lee Timmy C. , Niyyar Vandana D. , Syracuse Donna , Trerotola Scott O. , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Shenoy Surendra , Underwood Margo , Wasse Haimanot , Woo Karen , Yuo Theodore H. , Huber Thomas S.
Published: July 2017

This paper is part of the Clinical Trial Endpoints for Dialysis Vascular Access Project of the American Society of Nephrology Kidney Health Initiative. The purpose of this project is to promote research in vascular access by clarifying trial end points which would be best suited to inform decisions in those situations in which supportive clinical data are required. The focus of a portion of the project is directed toward arteriovenous access. There is a potential for interventional studies to be directed toward any of the events that may be associated with an arteriovenous access’ evolution throughout its life cycle, which has been divided into five distinct phases. Each one of these has the potential for relatively unique problems. The first three of these correspond to three distinct stages of arteriovenous access development, each one of which has been characterized by objective direct and/or indirect criteria. These are characterized as: stage 1—patent arteriovenous access, stage 2—physiologically mature arteriovenous access, and stage 3—clinically functional arteriovenous access. Once the requirements of a stage 3—clinically functional arteriovenous access have been met, the fourth phase of its life cycle begins. This is the phase of sustained clinical use from which the arteriovenous access may move back and forth between it and the fifth phase, dysfunction. From this phase of its life cycle, the arteriovenous access requires a maintenance procedure to preserve or restore sustained clinical use. Using these definitions, clinical trial end points appropriate to the various phases that characterize the evolution of the arteriovenous access life cycle have been identified. It is anticipated that by using these definitions and potential end points, clinical trials can be designed that more closely correlate with the goals of the intervention and provide appropriate supportive data for clinical, regulatory, and coverage decisions.
Recommended Clinical Trial End Points for Dialysis Catheters
Authors: Allon Michael , Brouwer-Maier Deborah J. , Abreo Kenneth , Baskin Kevin M. , Bregel Kay , Chand Deepa H. , Easom Andrea M. , Mermel Leonard , Mokrzycki Michele H. , Patel Priti R. , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Shenoy Surendra , Valentini Rudolph P. , Wasse Haimanot
Published: July 2017

Central venous catheters are used frequently in patients on hemodialysis as a bridge to a permanent vascular access. They are prone to frequent complications, including catheter-related bloodstream infection, catheter dysfunction, and central vein obstruction. There is a compelling need to develop new drugs or devices to prevent central venous catheter complications. We convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts to propose standardized definitions of catheter end points to guide the design of future clinical trials seeking approval from the Food and Drug Administration. Our workgroup suggests diagnosing catheter-related bloodstream infection in catheter-dependent patients on hemodialysis with a clinical suspicion of infection (fever, rigors, altered mental status, or unexplained hypotension), blood cultures growing the same organism from the catheter hub and a peripheral vein (or the dialysis bloodline), and absence of evidence for an alternative source of infection. Catheter dysfunction is defined as the inability of a central venous catheter to (1) complete a single dialysis session without triggering recurrent pressure alarms or (2) reproducibly deliver a mean dialysis blood flow of >300 ml/min (with arterial and venous pressures being within the hemodialysis unit parameters) on two consecutive dialysis sessions or provide a Kt/V≥1.2 in 4 hours or less. Catheter dysfunction is defined only if it persists, despite attempts to reposition the patient, reverse the arterial and venous lines, or forcefully flush the catheter. Central vein obstruction is suspected in patients with >70% stenosis of a central vein by contrast venography or the equivalent, ipsilateral upper extremity edema, and an existing or prior history of a central venous catheter. There is some uncertainty about the specific criteria for these diagnoses, and the workgroup has also proposed future high-priority studies to resolve these questions.
Multilingüismo en el área de San Pedro de Atacama. Lenguas aborígenes atestiguadas por la fitonimia del área de San Pedro de Atacama
Authors: Sánchez Gilberto
Published: July 2017

La fitonimia en el área de San Pedro de Atacama proporciona evidencia de que, en el pasado, se hablaron tres lenguas aborígenes: quechua, aymara y kunza. Esta, hoy en día extinguida, fue la lengua de los antiguos atacameños. Los fonemas originales glotalizados bilabial /pæ/, dental /tæ/, palatal /æ/, velar /kæ/ y postvelar /qæ/ fueron sustituidos, en general, por los sonidos equivalentes del español, no glotalizados. Todos los descendientes de los antiguos atacameños hablan, en el presente, sólo español.ABSTRACTPhythomy in the area of San Pedro de Atacama proves that, in the past, three aboriginal languages were spoken there: Quechua, Aymara and Kunza. The latter –nowadays extinct– was the language of the ancient Atacameños. The original bilabial /pæ/, dental /tæ/, palatal /æ/, velar /kæ/ and postvelar /qæ/ glottalized phonemes were, in general, replaced by their equivalent non glottalized Spanish sounds. At present, all the descendents of the ancient Atacameños speak Spanish only.
Patrones en el conocimiento, uso y manejo de plantas en pueblos indígenas de México
Authors: Caballero Javier , Casas Alejandro , Cortés Laura , Mapes Cristina
Published: July 2017

Se presenta una síntesis de información etnobiológica obtenida entre grupos indígenas de México, analizando tendencias y patrones en las formas de conocer, utilizar y manipular los recursos biológicos. Los sistemas indígenas de nomenclatura y clasificación de plantas son altamente elaborados y complejos. Aunque en general éstos parecen seguir los principios generales de clasificación folk descubiertos por Brent Berlin y otros autores, se observan algunas categorías taxonómicas y sistemas de nomenclatura estrechamente asociados a las formas de uso de los recursos locales. La subsistencia de las poblaciones indígenas ha estado basada en una estrategia que combina diferentes prácticas productivas y que aprovecha una gran diversidad de productos disponibles tanto espacial como temporalmente. Esta estrategia involucra también el aprovechamiento integral de un amplio espectro de especies de plantas y variabilidad genética intraespecífica bajo diferentes niveles de domesticación.ABSTRACTAn overview of ethnobiological information obtained among Indian peoples of Mexico is presented, analyzing patterns and tendencies in the forms of perceiving, using, and manipulating plant resources. The plant classification folk systems studied are highly complex. Although in general they follow the general principles formulated by Brent Berlin and other scholars, some significant variations are observed. Subsistence has been based on a strategy which combines different productive activities and takes advantage of a wide variety of plant products available both in time and space. This subsistence strategy also involves managing a wide variety of resources under different degrees of domestication by humans.
Etnobiología en los Andes
Authors: Alarcón Rocío
Published: July 2017

Partiendo de la revisión de los conceptos básicos sobre etnobiología, se realiza un breve recorrido por la historia de la adaptación cultural y el manejo de los diferentes ambientes en los Andes. Los rápidos procesos de transculturación y la dinámica de la economía de mercado, son los factores utilizados para explicar los cambios ambientales y la pérdida de los conocimientos tradicionales acerca de plantas, animales y sobre el ambiente en general. Se hace hincapié en la necesidad de tornar a la etnobiología como una importante herramienta científica con múltiples relaciones disciplinarias y diversas utilidades, aunque con una misión primordial: aportar al diseño y aplicación de verdaderas políticas de Desarrollo Sustentable. Se propone tomar a la etnobiología como matriz de análisis de los problemas del conocimiento tradicional y el ambiente. Sobre esta base es necesario unir voluntades para implementar legislaciones que reconozcan propiedad a los pueblos indígenas y comunidades locales sobre sus conocimientos tradicionales.ABSTRACTAfter reviewing the basic concepts on etnobiology, the author briefly describes the history of cultural adaptation and the use of the different habitats in the Andes. According to the author, the process of cultural adaptation and the dynamics of market economy generate environmental changes and traditional knowledge on plants, animals, and the environment is lost. It is stressed that etnobiology should turn into an important cientific tool that interacts with other disciplines and has different applications. However, its primary mission is to contribute to the design and application of politics centered on sustainable development. Etnobiology is proposed as the starting point of analysis for traditional knowledge and environmental issues. Therefore, it is necessary to gather efforts to develop laws that recognize the indigenous people´s property over their traditional knowledge.
Uso de animales en la cuenca del Vilcanota, Cusco (Perú)
Authors: Venero José Luis
Published: July 2017

En el presente ensayo se dan a conocer los usos más tradicionales que los pobladores andinos de la cuenca del Vilcanota han dado a la fauna en el pasado y que aún persisten en la actualidad. La fauna, en general, es uno de los recursos usados por los pobladores para satisfacer los requerimientos de su vida diaria, dentro de lo que ellos consideran sus necesidades básicas. En este trabajo, esta utilidad está enfocada principalmente hacia los aspectos alimenticios, de vestuario, medicinal y ornamental, así como de “otros usos”, tratando de agrupar a las especies animales, de acuerdo a los grupos taxonómicos establecidos.ABSTRACT The traditional past and current uses of fauna between the andean people of Vilcanota’s basin is presented in the essay. In general the fauna is one of the more used resources for the people relating to their daily life basic requirements. In this work this use is principally oriented towards the nutritional, clothing, medicinal, ornamental and “other uses” utility, trying to clustering animals species according to the established taxonomics groups.
Pastores del Sur Andino. Percepción y representación del ambiente
Authors: Romo Marty Marcela Edith
Published: July 2017

La presente investigación, realizada en la localidad de Ollagüe (II Región), tiene como objetivo describir la forma en que los pastores que allí habitan perciben su medio ambiente. Por medio de un estudio de casos en el que se combinan los métodos tradicionales de la antropología (observación participante y entrevista en profundidad), y técnicas específicas para el estudio de la percepción, se intenta una aproximación a este fenómeno, a través del análisis de los elementos de su etnogeografía, etnozoología y etnobotánica. Esta percepción es el resultado de proceso intelectual y filosófico milenario, que lleva a cada cultura a construir su propio modelo de la naturaleza, mediante el cual la estructura organiza y valora lo que en el plano de la acción orienta las formas de apropiación y utilización del entorno. En cuanto a los resultados, cabe destacar el conocimiento pormenorizado y exhaustivo de los componentes de su medio que poseen estos pastores andinos. Conocimiento que va unido a una percepción que puede ser calificada como “ecológica”, ya que todos los elementos de su medio son respetados porque “están vivos” (montañas, ríos, plantas, animales), y en una permanente y natural interacción, integrando al hombre como uno más de ellos. ABSTRACT This investigation accomplished at the Ollagüe locality (II Región), has as objective to describe the way by which shepherds that there inhabit perceive their environment. Through a study of cases in which combine the traditional methods of the anthropology (participating observation and interview), and specific techniques for the perception study, is attempted an approximation to this phenomenon, through analysis of the elements of their ethnogeography, ethnozoology and ethnobotany. This perception is the result of a intellectual and philosophical millenary process, that carries to each culture to build his own natural model through which structure, organizes and values what in the plan of the action guides forms of appropriation and utilization of the environment. Concerning the results fits to emphasize the exhaustive and itemized knowledge of the components of mean that has these Andean shepherds. Knowledge that is going united to a perception that it can be qualified of “ecological”, all the elements of their environment are respected since are live (mountains, rivers, plants, animals), and in a permanent and natural interaction, integrating to the human beings as one more of them.
¿La voz de los sin voz? Análisis crítico de la producción e interpretación de testimonios en las ciencias sociales
Authors: Vergara del Solar Jorge Iván
Published: July 2017

El artículo analiza las condiciones de validez del testimonio en ciencias sociales. Sus potencialidades centrales son el constituir un campo de exploración e investigación de acercamiento a la subjetividad, especialmente a la de los sectores populares. Ello ha permitido incorporar sus discursos y representaciones en las ciencias sociales. Sin embargo, dicha incorporación se ha realizado bajo una perspectiva empirista, según la cual el testimonio es una representación inmediata, directa de los sujetos, lo que oculta la mediación del testimonio a través del cientista social, particularmente mediante la entrevista. Por ende, la idea del testimonio como una “voz de los sin voz” oculta el diálogo entre investigador-sujetos, que podría ser potenciado en un tipo de investigación hermeneútica en la que el investigador ya no ostentaría el monopolio de la interpretación. AbstractThis article analises the validity conditions of “testimony” as a methodological tool in the social sciences. The principal advantage of testimony is that it enables the construction of research and analysis of subjectivity, particularly with popular sectors. This has facilitated the incorporation of their discourses and representations into the social sciences. Not with standing, this incorporation has occurred with in a highly empiricist perspective, whereby testimony is an immediate representation of the individual. The mediation of the social scientist, which is particularly significant in interviews, remains hidden. The concept of testimony, therefore, as the “voice o f the voiceless” disguises the dialogue between the researcher and the individual. This dialogue could be further developed as an instrument o f hermeneutical research, whereby the researcher no longer monopolises interpretations.
Rebelión y carnaval Ingaguasi (San Pedro de Atacama) 1775-1777
Authors: Hidalgo Lehuedé Jorge Alfredo , Castro Flores Nelson
Published: July 2017

Este artículo analiza el contexto, la percepción y las motivaciones étnicas en la rebelión de Carnestolendas, ocurrida en el mineral de Ingaguasi en 1775, cuyos efectos perduraron hasta 1777.Abstract This articule analize the context, perception and ethnic motivation in Carnestolendas Rebellion, occurs in Ingaguasi mineral in 1775, which consequences where present until 1777.
Un ecorefugio oportunístico en la puna de Atacama durante eventos áridos del Holoceno Medio
Authors: Núñez Atencio Lautaro , Grosjean Martin , Cartajena Fasting María Isabel
Published: July 2017

Se demuestra que los eventos áridos del Holoceno Medio y los cambios paleoambientales fueron sincrónicos con transformaciones culturales y tecnológicas tales como la diversificacion de la industria lítica, emergencia de arquitectura compleja, cambio en el uso de rocas, actividades semipermanentes y coexistencia de domesticación de camélidos con prácticas de caza–recolección (4.050-4.800 A.P). Se identifica el desarrollo de agricultura, pastoralismo pleno y uso de cerámica después de los 3.200 anos A.P, a través de las fases del Complejo Cultural San Pedro de Atacama con restos prehispánicos e histricos incluyendo las prácticas de ganadera trashumántica contemporánea. Finalmente se describe el Intervalo Arido en relación a su extensión geográfica circumpuneña.AbstractWe show that mid-Holocene arid events and paleoenvironmental changes were synchronous with cultural and technological changes such as lithic industry diversification, emerging o f a complex architecture, changes in the use of rocks, semipermanent activity, and the coexistence between camelids domestication and hunter and gathers practices (4.050-4.800 B .P). After 3.200 BP agricultural and complex pastoralism sequence begin with a new ceramic and architectural pattern. Thought San Pedro de Atacama main phases in prehispanic complex and hispanic influences includes herder practice and contemporany trashumance. Arid Interval at a macrospace level of the Circumpuna surroundings is also described.
Biología del grupo prehistórico de Pisagua, costa norte de Chile
Authors: Cocilovo José Alberto , Quevedo Kawasaki Silvia Isabel , Varela Héctor Hugo , Valdano Silvia , Castro Mario
Published: July 2017

En la costa norte de Chile y en las proximidades de la actual localidad de Pisagua, vivió un grupo prehistórico de pescadores desde el 300 AC hasta el 1.450 DC. Sus restos, actualmente conservados en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago de Chile), fueron exhumados por Max Uhle en 1913 en cuatro cementerios correspondientes a tres etapas del desarrollo agroalfarero del Norte de Chile (Formativo, Tiwanaku y Desarrollo Regional). El objetivo del presente trabajo es el estudio de la estructura de la población a partir del análisis de la distribución de rasgos fenotípicos.AbstractOn the northem coast of Chile and near o f what is today the city of Pisagua, a group of prehistoric fishermen lived from 300 AC to 1450 DC. Their remains, now preserved at the National Museum of Natural History, were exhumed by Max Uhle in 1913 in four burial sites corresponding to three stages of the agriculturist development of Northern Chile. The aim of the present work is the study of the population structure from the analysis of the phenotypic traits distribution.