bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning from Hindsight: Examining Autonomic, Inflammatory, and Endocrine Stress Biomarkers and Mental Health in Healthy Terrorism Survivors Many Years Later
Authors: Tucker Phebe , Pfefferbaum Betty , North Carol S. , Zhao Yan Daniel , Nitiema Pascal , Zettl Rachel , Jeon-Slaughter Haekyung
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Terrorism and trauma survivors often experience changes in biomarkers of autonomic, inflammatory and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis assessed at various times. Research suggests interactions of these systems in chronic stress.

Study Objective:

This unprecedented retrospective study explores long-term stress biomarkers in three systems in terrorism survivors.

Methods:

Sixty healthy, direct terrorism survivors were compared to non-exposed community members for cardiovascular reactivity to a trauma script, morning salivary cortisol, interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), and interleukin 2-R (IL-2R). Survivors’ biomarkers were correlated with psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses and reported functioning and well-being seven years after the Oklahoma City (OKC) bombing.

Main outcome measures were the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) Disaster Supplement for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnoses, Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Distress and Functioning Scale (DAF), and General Physical Well-Being Scale.

Results:

Survivors had higher inflammatory IL-1β, lower anti-inflammatory IL-2R, lower cortisol, higher resting diastolic blood pressure (BP), and less cardiovascular reactivity to a trauma script than comparisons. Survivors’ mean posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom levels did not differ from comparisons, but survivors reported worse well-being. None of survivors’ biomarkers correlated with PTS or depressive symptoms or diagnoses or reported functioning.

Conclusions:

Alterations of biological stress measures in cardiovascular, inflammatory, and cortisol systems coexisted as an apparent generalized long-term response to terrorism rather than related to specific gauges of mental health. Potential interactions of biomarkers long after trauma exposure is discussed considering relevant research. Longer-term follow-up could determine whether biomarkers continue to differ or correlate with subjective measures, or if they accompany health problems over time. Given recent international terrorism, understanding long-term sequelae among direct survivors is increasingly relevant.
Improvising with Machines: A taxonomy of musical interactions
Authors: Parkinson Adam , Dunning Graham
Published: January 2025

This article maps out some of the relationships between performers and their instruments in live and improvised electronic music. In these practices, musical machines – be they computers, mechanical assemblages or combinations of different sound-makers and processors – act as generators of musical material and sources of unpredictability with which to improvise. As a lens through which to consider these practices, we examine a number of different roles these musical machines may take on during improvised performances. These include running, playing, surprising, evolving, malfunctioning, collaborating and learning. We explore the values of these different roles to the improvising musician, and contextualise them within some broad and historical trends of contemporary music. Finally, we consider how this taxonomy may make us more open to the vital materialism of musical instruments, and offer novel insights into the flows of agency and interaction possibilities in technologically mediated musical practices.
‘Will my fingerprint be enough?’: secondary school students struggle to purchase a healthy, tasty and sustainable meal on the UK free school meal allowance
Authors: Mahdi Sundus , Connolly Annie , Doherty Bob , Bryant Maria
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Free school meals (FSM) are a crucial form of support for families. This study aimed to investigate whether the FSM allowance can provide what is perceived to be, healthy, sustainable and satisfying food.

Design:

A mixed methods study incorporating co-production, citizen science and participatory approaches was conducted. Citizen scientists were given a daily budget equivalent to the FSM allowance and asked to purchase a ‘tasty, healthy and sustainable’ school lunch for a week. Alongside keeping records of available and purchased foods, young people engaged in focus groups to capture information on perceptions of food offered and FSM allowance adequacy.

Setting:

Secondary schools in Yorkshire, UK.

Participants:

Citizen scientists (n 42) aged 11–15 years across seven schools.

Results:

Obstacles were faced in obtaining sustainable and healthful meals when restricted to an FSM allowance. Reasons included restrictions in what could be purchased due to costs, limitations in the use of allowances that restricted breaktime purchases leading to hunger, inadequate portion sizes, systemic barriers like hurried lunch breaks that encourage ‘grab and go’ options and broken water fountains that led students to purchase bottled drinks. Findings were reinforced by descriptive food record data.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that schools would benefit from national policies to address the lack of funding, infrastructure issues and capacity to support optimal provision of food to those on FSM as well as provide greater flexibility in how pupils use their allowance. Young people verified these findings, which they presented to policymakers at a parliamentary event.
Metamaterial based stepped microstrip line fed quad-band dual-sense circularly polarized slot antenna for wireless applications
Authors: Shankaraiah Pradeep Hattihalli , Shet Neelawar Shekar Vittal , Kandasamy Krishnamoorthy
Published: January 2025

This research proposes a low-complexity, low-profile square-shaped quad-band dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) perturbed slot antenna with stepped microstrip feed for C-band radar and satellite applications. The proposed antenna is characterized by characteristic mode analysis. The proposed design has a square-shaped slot with diagonally opposite symmetric rectangular corner extensions. Multiband resonance is achieved by exciting the split ring resonator (SRR), cross strips and annular ring structure using the stepped microstrip line-fed slot radiator. The slot antenna and a metallic ring resonate at 1.64 and 8.2 GHz, respectively, showing left-hand circular polarization response, whereas the SRR and cross strips resonate at 3.6 and 6.6 GHz, respectively, exhibiting right-hand circular polarization radiation at these resonance bands. Hence, the proposed design shows quad-band performance with dual-sense CP behavior. Furthermore, the proposed antenna allows for independent tuning of polarization sense at resonance frequencies. The proposed design uses a low-cost FR-4 material as a substrate of dimensions 60 × 60 × 1.6 mm3. The experimentally measured results are in close agreement with the simulated performance parameters of the prototype.
What Will the European Climate Look Like in the Future? A Climate Analog Analysis Accounting for Dependencies Between Variables
Authors: Bulut B. , Vrac M. , de Noblet‐Ducoudré N.
Published: January 2025

Increasing the awareness of society about climate change by using a simplified way for the explanation of its impacts might be one of the key elements to adaptation and mitigation of its possible effects. This study investigates climate analogs, which allow the possibility to find, today, a place on land where climatic conditions are similar to those that a specific area will face in the future. The grid‐based calculation of analogs over the selected European domain was carried out using a newly proposed distance between multivariate distributions, the Wasserstein distance, that has never been used so far for climate analog calculations. By working on the whole multivariate distributions, the Wasserstein distance allows us to account for dependencies between the variables of interest and for the shape of their distribution. Its features are compared with the Euclidean and the Mahalanobis distances, which are the most used methods up to now. Multi‐model climate analogs analysis is achieved between the reference period 1981–2010 and three future periods 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100, for seasonal temperatures (mean, min, and max) and precipitation, from five different climate models and three different socio‐economic scenarios. The agreement between climate models in the location and degree of similarity of the best analogs decreases as warming intensifies and/or as time approaches the end of the century. As the climate warms, the similarity between future and current climatic conditions gradually decreases and the spatial (geographical) distance between a location and its best analog increases.
Multiomic quantification of the KRAS mutation dosage improves the preoperative prediction of survival and recurrence in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yun Won-Gun , Kim Daeun , Han Youngmin , Kwon Wooil , Lee Seong-Geun , Jang Jin-Young , Park Daechan
Published: January 2025

Most cancer mutation profiling studies are laboratory-based and lack direct clinical application. For clinical use, it is necessary to focus on key genes and integrate them with relevant clinical variables. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the dosage of the KRAS G12 mutation, a key pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) variant and to investigate the biological mechanism of the prognosis associated with the dosage of the KRAS G12 mutation. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 193 surgically treated patients with PDAC between 2009 and 2016. RNA, whole-exome, and KRAS-targeted sequencing data were used to estimate the dosage of the KRAS G12 mutant. Our prognostic scoring system included the mutation dosage from targeted sequencing ( > 0.195, 1 point), maximal tumor diameter at preoperative imaging ( > 20 mm, 1 point), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels ( > 150 U/mL, 1 point). The KRAS mutation dosage exhibited comparable performance with clinical variables for survival prediction. High KRAS mutation dosages activated the cell cycle, leading to high mutation rates and poor prognosis. According to prognostic scoring systems that integrate mutation dosage with clinical factors, patients with 0 points had superior median overall survival of 97.0 months and 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates of 95.8%, 70.8%, and 66.4%, respectively. In contrast, patients with 3 points had worse median overall survival of only 16.0 months and 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates of 65.2%, 8.7%, and 8.7%, respectively. The incorporation of the KRAS G12 mutation dosage variable into prognostic scoring systems can improve clinical variable-based survival prediction, highlighting the feasibility of an integrated scoring system with clinical significance.
Foundation dentists’ attitudes and experiences in providing dental care for dependant older adults resident in care home settings
Authors: Raison H. , Parsley H. , Shah Z. , Manangazira T. D. , Dailey Y.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

There is a continued increase of older dependant adults in England. Foundation Dentists (FDs) are often the dental workforce being tasked with providing dental care to dependant older adults resident in care home settings. This study explores whether FDs have the experience and confidence to deliver this.

Aim

This service evaluation aimed to explore FDs’ attitudes, perceptions and experiences delivering dentistry to dependant older adults’ resident in care home settings; to help inform workforce and service delivery planning.

Methods

All North West England (NW) FDs were invited to complete a semi-structured questionnaire at a regional study session. Results were analysed using descriptive and thematic analysis.

Results

There were 93 (80.1%) respondents, with the majority aged 20–24 years old (56, 60.2%), female (57, 61.3%) and with an United Kingdom undergraduate dental degree (88, 94.6%). Most respondents had no experience in delivering care in a care home setting at either undergraduate (85, 91.4%) or FD level (84, 90.3%). Only 14 respondents (15.1%) reported confidence to deliver dentistry in a care home setting.

Conclusion

To deliver dental care for dependant older adults resident in care home settings, FDs require additional training and clinical support. There is a need to review the undergraduate dental curriculum and NHS postgraduate training programmes to increase knowledge and skills for this vulnerable group.
Ultra-light antennas via charge programmed deposition additive manufacturing
Authors: Wang Zhen , Hensleigh Ryan , Xu Zhenpeng , Wang Junbo , Park James JuYoung , Papathanasopoulos Anastasios , Rahmat-Samii Yahya , (Rayne) Zheng Xiaoyu
Published: January 2025

The demand for lightweight antennas in 5 G/6 G communication, wearables, and aerospace applications is rapidly growing. However, standard manufacturing techniques are limited in structural complexity and easy integration of multiple material classes. Here we introduce charge programmed multi-material additive manufacturing platform, offering unparalleled flexibility in antenna design and the capability for rapid printing of intricate antenna structures that are unprecedented or necessitate a series of fabrication routes. Demonstrating its potential, we present a transmitarray antenna composed of an interconnected, multi-layered array of dielectric/conductive S-ring unit cells, reducing 94% mass of conventional antenna configurations. A fully printed circular polarized transmitarray system fed by a source and a Risley prism antenna system operating at 19 GHz both show close alignment between testing results and numerical simulations. This printing method establishes a universal platform, propelling discovery of new antenna designs and enabling data-driven design and optimizations where rapid production of antenna designs is crucial.
Explainable artificial intelligence to identify follicles that optimize clinical outcomes during assisted conception
Authors: Hanassab Simon , Nelson Scott M. , Akbarov Artur , Yeung Arthur C. , Hramyka Artsiom , Alhamwi Toulin , Salim Rehan , Comninos Alexander N. , Trew Geoffrey H. , Kelsey Tom W. , Heinis Thomas , Dhillo Waljit S. , Abbara Ali
Published: January 2025

Infertility affects one-in-six couples, often necessitating in vitro fertilization treatment (IVF). IVF generates complex data, which can challenge the utilization of the full richness of data during decision-making, leading to reliance on simple ‘rules-of-thumb’. Machine learning techniques are well-suited to analyzing complex data to provide data-driven recommendations to improve decision-making. In this multi-center study (n = 19,082 treatment-naive female patients), including 11 European IVF centers, we harnessed explainable artificial intelligence to identify follicle sizes that contribute most to relevant downstream clinical outcomes. We found that intermediately-sized follicles were most important to the number of mature oocytes subsequently retrieved. Maximizing this proportion of follicles by the end of ovarian stimulation was associated with improved live birth rates. Our data suggests that larger mean follicle sizes, especially those >18 mm, were associated with premature progesterone elevation by the end of ovarian stimulation and a negative impact on live birth rates with fresh embryo transfer. These data highlight the potential of computer technologies to aid in the personalization of IVF to optimize clinical outcomes pending future prospective validation.
Predicting cell morphological responses to perturbations using generative modeling
Authors: Palma Alessandro , Theis Fabian J. , Lotfollahi Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Advancements in high-throughput screenings enable the exploration of rich phenotypic readouts through high-content microscopy, expediting the development of phenotype-based drug discovery. However, analyzing large and complex high-content imaging screenings remains challenging due to incomplete sampling of perturbations and the presence of technical variations between experiments. To tackle these shortcomings, we present IMage Perturbation Autoencoder (IMPA), a generative style-transfer model predicting morphological changes of perturbations across genetic and chemical interventions. We show that IMPA accurately captures morphological and population-level changes of both seen and unseen perturbations on breast cancer and osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, IMPA accounts for batch effects and can model perturbations across various sources of technical variation, further enhancing its robustness in diverse experimental conditions. With the increasing availability of large-scale high-content imaging screens generated by academic and industrial consortia, we envision that IMPA will facilitate the analysis of microscopy data and enable efficient experimental design via in-silico perturbation prediction.
Triacylglycerol mobilization underpins mitochondrial stress recovery
Authors: Baker Zakery N. , Zhu Yunyun , Guerra Rachel M. , Smith Andrew J. , Arra Aline , Serrano Lia R. , Overmyer Katherine A. , Mukherji Shankar , Craig Elizabeth A. , Coon Joshua J. , Pagliarini David J.
Published: January 2025

Mitochondria are central to myriad biochemical processes, and thus even their moderate impairment could have drastic cellular consequences if not rectified. Here, to explore cellular strategies for surmounting mitochondrial stress, we conducted a series of chemical and genetic perturbations to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analysed the cellular responses using deep multiomic mass spectrometry profiling. We discovered that mobilization of lipid droplet triacylglycerol stores was necessary for strains to mount a successful recovery response. In particular, acyl chains from these stores were liberated by triacylglycerol lipases and used to fuel biosynthesis of the quintessential mitochondrial membrane lipid cardiolipin to support new mitochondrial biogenesis. We demonstrate that a comparable recovery pathway exists in mammalian cells, which fail to recover from doxycycline treatment when lacking the ATGL lipase. Collectively, our work reveals a key component of mitochondrial stress recovery and offers a rich resource for further exploration of the broad cellular responses to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Spin-wave-mediated mutual synchronization and phase tuning in spin Hall nano-oscillators
Authors: Kumar Akash , Chaurasiya Avinash Kumar , González Victor H. , Behera Nilamani , Alemán Ademir , Khymyn Roman , Awad Ahmad A. , Åkerman Johan
Published: January 2025

Spin–orbit torque can drive auto-oscillations of propagating spin-wave modes in nano-constriction spin Hall nano-oscillators. These modes facilitate both long-range coupling and the possibility of controlling their phase, which is a crucial aspect for device application. Here, we demonstrate variable-phase coupling between two nano-constriction spin Hall nano-oscillators and their mutual synchronization driven by propagating spin waves. Using electrical measurements and phase-resolved micro-focused Brillouin light scattering microscopy, we show that the phase of the mutual synchronization can be tuned by modulating the drive current or the applied field. Our micromagnetic simulations explore the phase tunability using voltage gating. Our results advance the capabilities of mutually synchronized spin Hall nano-oscillators and open the possibilities for applications in spin-wave logic-based devices.
Gene regulation by convergent promoters
Authors: Wiechens Elina , Vigliotti Flavia , Siniuk Kanstantsin , Schwarz Robert , Schwab Katjana , Riege Konstantin , van Bömmel Alena , Görlich Ivonne , Bens Martin , Sahm Arne , Groth Marco , Sammons Morgan A. , Loewer Alexander , Hoffmann Steve , Fischer Martin
Published: January 2025

Convergent transcription, that is, the collision of sense and antisense transcription, is ubiquitous in mammalian genomes and believed to diminish RNA expression. Recently, antisense transcription downstream of promoters was found to be surprisingly prevalent. However, functional characteristics of affected promoters are poorly investigated. Here we show that convergent transcription marks an unexpected positively co-regulated promoter constellation. By assessing transcriptional dynamic systems, we identified co-regulated constituent promoters connected through a distinct chromatin structure. Within these cis-regulatory domains, transcription factors can regulate both constituting promoters by binding to only one of them. Convergent promoters comprise about a quarter of all active transcript start sites and initiate 5′-overlapping antisense RNAs—an RNA class believed previously to be rare. Visualization of nascent RNA molecules reveals convergent cotranscription at these loci. Together, our results demonstrate that co-regulated convergent promoters substantially expand the cis-regulatory repertoire, reveal limitations of the transcription interference model and call for adjusting the promoter concept.
Structural polymorphism and diversity of human segmental duplications
Authors: Jeong Hyeonsoo , Dishuck Philip C. , Yoo DongAhn , Harvey William T. , Munson Katherine M. , Lewis Alexandra P. , Kordosky Jennifer , Garcia Gage H. ,   Human Genome Structural Variation Consortium (HGSVC), Yilmaz Feyza , Hallast Pille , Lee Charles , Pastinen Tomi , Eichler Evan E.
Published: January 2025

Segmental duplications (SDs) contribute significantly to human disease, evolution and diversity but have been difficult to resolve at the sequence level. We present a population genetics survey of SDs by analyzing 170 human genome assemblies (from 85 samples representing 38 Africans and 47 non-Africans) in which the majority of autosomal SDs are fully resolved using long-read sequence assembly. Excluding the acrocentric short arms and sex chromosomes, we identify 173.2 Mb of duplicated sequence (47.4 Mb not present in the telomere-to-telomere reference) distinguishing fixed from structurally polymorphic events. We find that intrachromosomal SDs are among the most variable, with rare events mapping near their progenitor sequences. African genomes harbor significantly more intrachromosomal SDs and are more likely to have recently duplicated gene families with higher copy numbers than non-African samples. Comparison to a resource of 563 million full-length isoform sequencing reads identifies 201 novel, potentially protein-coding genes corresponding to these copy number polymorphic SDs.
The stability and modulation of if-then rules versus prospective planning in movement selection under dual-tasking conditions
Authors: Stoll S. E. M. , Wenzel A. , Hitzler B. , Randerath J.
Published: January 2025

Two approaches to movement selection, if-then rules versus prospective planning, were investigated. Studies have shown that the rule-based approach leads to more efficient movement selection than the plan-based approach, though the resulting movements are the same. This dual-tasking study investigates two hypotheses explaining this discrepancy: The efficiency hypothesis states that the rule-based approach to movement selection is more efficient, and its advantage over the plan-based approach increases under any kind of enhanced task demands. The dual-mechanisms hypothesis states that the two approaches to movement selection are based on distinct mechanisms and that they can be differentially affected by secondary tasks. Forty-eight participants selected a grip in order to comfortably rotate a dowel to a target position using the rule- or the plan-based approach. Four dual-tasking conditions were added: Identifying the activity underlying an object-interaction sound, identifying and categorizing the object underlying an object-interaction sound, identifying one of four words that does not match the others semantically, and solving calculations. The rule-based approach led to more efficient movement selection in most dual-tasking conditions. However, its advantage disappeared when the secondary task was to identify and categorize objects. These results strengthen the dual-mechanisms hypothesis, and possible factors distinguishing the approaches are discussed.
Ribitol and ribose treatments differentially affect metabolism of muscle tissue in FKRP mutant mice
Authors: Cataldi Marcela P. , Lu Qi L.
Published: January 2025

Dystroglycanopathy is characterized by reduced or lack of matriglycan, a cellular receptor for laminin as well as other extracellular matrix proteins. Recent studies have delineated the glycan chain structure of the matriglycan and the pathway with key components identified. FKRP functions as ribitol-5-phosphate transferase with CDP-ribitol as the substrate for the extension of the glycan chain. Supplement of ribitol and ribose have been reported to increase the levels of CDP-ribitol in both cells and in muscles in vivo. Clinical trials with both ribitol and ribose have been reported for treating LGMD2I caused by mutations in the FKRP gene. Here we compared the comprehensive metabolite profiles of the skeletal muscle between ribitol-treated and ribose-treated FKRP mutant mice. The closely related pentose and pentitol show clearly differential impacts on metabolisms despite their similarity in enhancing the levels of CDP-ribitol and matriglycan synthesis. Supplement of ribitol changes lysophospholipid sub-pathway metabolite profiling with a trend towards normalization as reported in the muscle after AAV9-FKRP gene therapy. Ribose treatment significantly increases level of ribonate and elevates levels of advanced glycation end products. Further analysis is required to determine which metabolite is prudent to use for long-term daily treatment of dystroglycanopathies.
Observer- and sequence variability in personalized 4D flow MRI-based cardiovascular models
Authors: Casas Garcia Belén , Tunedal Kajsa , Viola Federica , Cedersund Gunnar , Carlhäll Carl-Johan , Karlsson Matts , Ebbers Tino
Published: January 2025

Subject-specific parameters in lumped hemodynamic models of the cardiovascular system can be estimated using data from experimental measurements, but the parameter estimation may be hampered by the variability in the input data. In this study, we investigate the influence of inter-sequence, intra-observer, and inter-observer variability in input parameters on estimation of subject-specific model parameters using a previously developed approach for model-based analysis of data from 4D Flow MRI acquisitions and cuff pressure measurements. The investigated parameters describe left ventricular time-varying elastance and aortic compliance. Parameter reproducibility with respect to variability in the MRI input measurements was assessed in a group of ten healthy subjects. The subject-specific parameters had coefficient of variations between 2.6 and 35% in the intra- and inter-observer analysis. In comparing parameters estimated using data from the two MRI sequences, the coefficients of variation ranged between 3.3 and 41%. The diastolic time constant of the left ventricle and the compliance of the ascending aorta were the parameters with the lowest and the highest variability, respectively. In conclusion, the modeling approach allows for estimating left ventricular elastance parameters and aortic compliance from non-invasive measurements with good to moderate reproducibility concerning intra-user, inter-user, and inter-sequence variability in healthy subjects.
A novel spectroscopy-deep learning approach for aqueous multi-heavy metal detection
Authors: Fu Zhizhi , Wan Qianru , Duan Qiannan , Lei Jingzheng , Yan Jiacong , Yao Liulu , Song Fan , Wu Mingzhe , Zhou Chi , Wu WeiDong , Wang Fei , Lee Jianchao
Published: January 2025

Addressing heavy metal contamination in water bodies is a critical concern for environmental scientists.
A FA1-targeting albumin marker enables the ratiometric detection of apixaban in urine
Authors: Deng Weihua , Charles Immanuel David , Xu Zhongyong , Lv Taoyuze , Wang Lei , Xiang Xiongzhi , Liu Bin
Published: January 2025

A FA1-targeting albumin marker along with apixaban can form a co-binding complex with albumin, resulting in a readily discernible fluorescence color change.
Effects of acidic and alkaline electrolyzed water treatments on the volatilomics and proteomics changes in fresh-cut apple during storage
Authors: Belay Zinash A. , Nkomo Mbukeni , Mohamed Gadija , Ntsoane Makgafele L. , Caleb Oluwafemi James
Published: January 2025

(A) PLS-DA score plot of the VOCs at different sampling points. (B) Heatmap of the volatiles distributed across the treatment conditions and storage durations. (C) Venn diagram depicting the total proteins identified in different treatments.
A call for frugal modelling: two case studies involving molecular spin dynamics
Authors: Gutiérrez-Finol Gerliz M. , Ullah Aman , González-Béjar María , Gaita-Ariño Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Molecular magnetism and computational chemistry examples of frugal modelling as a tool to prioritize energy-efficient algorithms to minimize resource intensive operations.
Microsensor systems for cell metabolism – from 2D culture to organ-on-chip (2019–2024)
Authors: Dornhof Johannes , Kieninger Jochen , Rupitsch Stefan J. , Weltin Andreas
Published: January 2025

We review the latest developments in microsensor systems for monitoring the metabolism of cell cultures and organs-on-chip, including sensor principles, requirements, performance, notable achievements, and trends in microfabrication.
Challenges in blood fractionation for cancer liquid biopsy: how can microfluidics assist?
Authors: Salomon Robert , Razavi Bazaz Sajad , Mutafopulos Kirk , Gallego-Ortega David , Warkiani Majid , Weitz David , Jin Dayong
Published: January 2025

Microfluidic blood fractionation has a critical role in enhancing liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy allows molecular and phenotypic characteristics of a patient's tumor by detecting evidence of cancerous changes in readily accessible samples like blood.
Micro- and milli-fluidic sample environments for in situ X-ray analysis in the chemical and materials sciences
Authors: Levenstein Mark A. , Chevallard Corinne , Malloggi Florent , Testard Fabienne , Taché Olivier
Published: January 2025

We review the application of micro- and milli-fluidic devices for in situ X-ray scattering, spectroscopy, and imaging in the physical sciences. In particular, we highlight the potential of analysis using commercial laboratory X-ray sources.
Droplets in open microfluidics: generation, manipulation, and application in cell analysis
Authors: Lin Jiaxu , Hou Ying , Zhang Qiang , Lin Jin-Ming
Published: January 2025

This review focuses on droplets in open microfluidics, covering their generation, manipulation and application in cell analysis. It could serve as a comprehensive guide for readers to understand and explore open droplet systems.
Demystifying EV heterogeneity: emerging microfluidic technologies for isolation and multiplexed profiling of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Zhang Guihua , Huang Xiaodan , Liu Sinong , Xu Yiling , Wang Nan , Yang Chaoyong , Zhu Zhi
Published: January 2025

The microfluidic-based technique that combines efficient isolation of EVs and multiple detection of EV cargos like proteins, nucleic acids, and glycans at bulk, single/single cell level to further demystify EV heterogeneity.
Aptamer selection via versatile microfluidic platforms and their diverse applications
Authors: Chung Yi-Da , Tsai Yi-Cheng , Wang Chi-Hung , Lee Gwo-Bin
Published: January 2025

This review examines contributions of microfluidic technology to SELEX-based aptamer identification, with alternative methods such as in vivo-like SELEX and Non-SELEX for selecting aptamers and discussed critical SELEX steps over the past decade.
Correction: Study of self-assembly of mixed-ligand metal–organic cages by high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Tong Kang , Jia Jia , Huang Rongfu , Luo Jin
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Study of self-assembly of mixed-ligand metal–organic cages by high-resolution mass spectrometry’ by Jia Jia et al., Materials Adv., 2024, 5, 5394–5397, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA00406J.
Highly selective ethanol gas sensor based on CdS/Ti3C2Tx MXene composites
Authors: Nhiem Ly Tan , Mao Jianbin , Hoai Ta Qui Thanh , Seo Soonmin
Published: January 2025

Sensing of hazardous gases has an important role in ensuring safety in a variety of industries as well as environments.
Magnetism of transition-metal-doped tetrel nanoclusters: multi-reference character and spin–orbit effects in Sn12TM (TM = Cr, Mn, Fe)
Authors: Mehmel Jannik , Jimenez-Muñoz Carlos M. , Rivic Filip , Krewald Vera , Schäfer Rolf
Published: January 2025

Magnetic beam deflection shows an enhanced g-factor for Sn12Fe. CASSCF calculations reveal the multi-reference character of Sn12Fe and charge transfer from Sn 5p to Fe 3d orbitals. Spin–orbit contributions of the Sn atoms enhance the g-factor.
Built-in electric field in the Mn/C60 heterojunction promotes electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia
Authors: Xue Hao , Zhao Kaiheng , Gao Denglei , Duan Fangying , Gao Zijian , Yu Wenjia , Li Sha , Yuan Menglei , Lu Zongjing
Published: January 2025

The built-in electric field in the Mn/C60 heterostructure optimized the adsorption energy of the key intermediate *NH–*NH2 and reduced the free energy barrier for the third hydrogenation step, which enhanced the intrinsic activity of the NRR.
Multiple stimuli dual-optical mode responsive hybrid copper(i) halides for advanced anti-counterfeiting and information encryption
Authors: Guo Yue , Fu Yi-Fan , Wu JiaJing , Qi Jing-Li , Zhang Yu-Mei , Huang Qiao-Feng , Liu Wenlong , Guo Sheng-Ping
Published: January 2025

Novel colorless (MePPh3)2Cu2I4·DMF with cyan emission undergoes structural transformation into yellow-emitting (MePPh3)2Cu4I6 upon ethanol stimulation, exhibiting a peculiar dual-optical mode response and advanced anti-counterfeiting capabilities.
Photoinduced Co-catalyzed dehydrogenative cyclization of 2-alkenylphenyl carbonyl compounds and mechanistic insights
Authors: Li Hao-Yuan , Yang Xiu-Long , Zhou Fantao , Li Jun-Li , Meng Qing-Yuan , Niu Xiaoying
Published: January 2025

We present two protocols for the efficient synthesis of substituted 1-naphthols. DFT calculations and verification experiments elucidate the mechanism. Scale-up and product conversion experiments confirm the reaction's practical potential.
Intermolecular amination of ethyl benzo ylacetate via photocatalytic nitrene transfer reactions
Authors: Guo Yujing , Guo Yifan , Ding Luyao , Shi Linlin , Hao Xinqi , Koenigs Rene M.
Published: January 2025

This study reports a photocatalytic nitrene transfer reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl. A broad range of substrates and iodinanes are shown, enabling direct C–H functionalization without the need for pre-formed nucleophilic enolate equivalents.
Superfast and highly selective water transport by hybrid aquapentamers incorporating a non-helicity codon
Authors: Cao Gaiping , Yang Zihong , Zhao Huaiqing , Shen Jie , Chang Wenju , Liu Zhiwei , Zeng Huaqiang
Published: January 2025

Replacing a pyridine codon with a non-hydrogen-bonding phenyl group at five successive positions in an aquapentamer formed five hybrids, three of which retained helicity, with the best showing 1.8 × 109 H2O s−1 per channel and excellent ion rejection.
Unlocking advanced thermometric capabilities: BiVO4: Er3+/Yb3+ nanophosphors with dual-mode up-conversion and down-shifting features
Authors: Ayachi Fadwa , Saidi Kamel , Dammak Mohamed , Mediavilla Irene , Jiménez Juan
Published: January 2025

Luminescent materials doped with rare-earth (RE) ions have emerged as powerful tools in thermometry, offering high sensitivity and accuracy.
TopMT-GAN: a 3D topology-driven generative model for efficient and diverse structure-based ligand design
Authors: Wang Shen , Lin Tong , Peng Tianyi , Xing Enming , Chen Sijie , Kara Levent Burak , Cheng Xiaolin
Published: January 2025

This work introduces Topology Molecular Type assignment (TopMT-GAN), a novel approach using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for structure-based ligand design.
A 3D four-fold interpenetrated conductive metal–organic framework for fast and robust sodium-ion storage
Authors: Liu Zhaoli , Chu Juan , Cheng Linqi , Wang Junhao , Zhang Chongyi , Zhang Cheng , Cui Fengchao , Wang Heng-Guo , Zhu Guangshan
Published: January 2025

A 3D four-fold interpenetrated conductive metal–organic framework (Cu-DBC) is reported for the first time as a cathode for sodium-ion batteries, which enriches the utility of 3D interpenetrated conductive metal–organic framework in the field of metal-ion batteries.
Enhancing kerosene selectivity in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with ceria-coated catalysts
Authors: Lwazzani M. Amine , García Blanco Andrés A. , Biset-Peiró Martí , Martín-Morales Elena , Guilera Jordi
Published: January 2025

Ceria-coated catalysts enhance kerosene selectivity by over 10%.
Elucidating the role of cobalt nanoparticles and Mn-phosphate in etched ZIF-67/phthalimide-NC and phthalimene oxide for supercapacitor and electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction applications
Authors: Dey Tapan , Kumar Nitish , Patil Rahul , Pathak Prakash Kumar , Bhattacharjee Sudip , Yadav Praveen , Bhaumik Asim , Salunkhe Rahul R. , Dutta Saikat
Published: January 2025

Elucidating the effect of CoNPs and Mn-phosphate as found in K-phthalimide-derived N-doped carbon sheet in capacitive charge-storage while forming a composite with ZIF-67 and oxidized K-Ph-Oxide similar to graphene oxide.
Chemical reactions with Liesegang rings: generation of non-permanent thermal patterns
Authors: Arı Hatice , Uzunlar Rana , Akbulut Elif Sila , Lagzi Istvan , Baytekin Bilge
Published: January 2025

Liesegang patterns of infrared radiation form due to a reaction of preformed chemical LPs with an acid. This unprecedented type of LP can be used in spatiothermal secondary patterning of matter or to reveal information on demand.
Novel green fabrication of stable hydrogel beads from industrial waste lignin for efficient Pb(ii) ion removal
Authors: Hu Xiwen , Islam Muhammad Amirul , Khalili Aria , Aghaei Amir , Cho Jae-Young , Sadrzadeh Mohtada
Published: January 2025

A green method using liquid nitrogen produced gelatin–lignin beads with a Pb(ii) adsorption capacity of 155 mg g−1, 96% removal efficiency, and stability over 10 cycles, offering a sustainable solution for water treatment.
Improved electrochemical performance of graphene oxide via copper ion cross-linking and plasma functionalization
Authors: Zhao Wenqi , Cui Minghui , Zhou Yansong , Liu Yanjing , Ou Qiongrong , Zhang Shuyu
Published: January 2025

Functionalizing graphene oxide via plasma and developing a nearly three-dimensional structure by Cu2+ cross-linking synergistically enhance its electrochemical performance.
Evaluation of Swallowing Dysfunction With Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in the Neonatal Unit
Authors: Heston Aaron , Patel Anjali , Ahn Kevin , Wresch Delaney , Ridgway Lauren , Shipman Bethany , Graf Katrina , Elkhwad Mohammed , Muniraman Hemananda
Published: January 2025

Background:

Preterm and low-birth-weight infants often experience discoordination of the suck–swallow–breathe pattern, leading to dysrhythmic feeding, inefficient feeding skills, and swallowing dysfunction, increasing the risk of aspiration and respiratory morbidity. While videofluoroscopic swallowing study is commonly utilized to assess swallow function in neonates, flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) has been an emerging modality and has been utilized routinely at our institution since 2018.

Method:

A single-center, retrospective study including 90 infants admitted to the neonatal unit between 2018–2023 who underwent FEES procedure. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of FEES for evaluating functional and anatomical abnormalities, secretions, penetration/aspiration, and residue in infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Our secondary objective was to observe whether clinical feeding decisions were changed based on FEES and describe progress in oral feeding.

Results:

A majority of infants (85.5%) were reported to have abnormal FEES findings, with aspiration below the vocal cords noted in 37.7% and laryngeal penetration reported in 34.5% of the infants. Anatomical abnormalities were reported in 39% of infants including predominantly laryngomalacia (27.7%). Ten infants were noted to have unanticipated anatomical abnormalities, of which four went on to require surgical interventions. Changes in nipple or bottle were the most frequent recommendations (68.8%) with thickening of feeds recommended in 35% of infants. The percentage of oral feedings increased from median of 45% to 75% with a decrease in infants with apneic, bradycardic, and desaturation events in the 7 days after FEES guided interventions were introduced.

Conclusions:

Majority of the infants with clinical concerns of swallow dysfunction were noted to have abnormalities on FEES, with one third of infants reported to have aspiration and anatomical abnormalities. Changes in feeding practices were recommended to majority of the infants based on FEES evaluation. Four of the five infants with anatomical abnormalities referred urgently for specialist evaluation required interventions.
Image inpainting with aggregated convolution progressive network
Authors: Li Yang , Zhai Jia , Lu Wen , Guo Haipeng , Wen JiaZheng , Liu Huanyu , Li Junbao
Published: January 2025

Images can be corrupted during capture or transmission due to clouds, overlaps, and other interferences, deviating from their original state. Image inpainting techniques restore such images, but different types—Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), RGB, and infrared—require varying field‐of‐view sizes. SAR and infrared images, with less information, need a larger field of view, leading to uncorrelated interference in distant areas. RGB images, richer in information, are constrained by a limited local field of view, hindering access to full semantic details. To address these challenges, an aggregated convolution progressive network is proposed. This model employs a coarse‐grained inpainting module for initial restoration, enhanced by an aggregated convolution module to capture contextual information. Local and global details are then used to refine the output, improving restoration quality. Additionally, existing datasets predominantly focus on RGB images, lacking diversity. To bridge this gap, a comprehensive dataset covering SAR, RGB, and infrared images under cloud, overlap, and corruption conditions is constructed. This method achieves superior performance, with MAE of 0.05, SSIM of 0.95, and PSNR of 36.68 within a 20–30% mask size range, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art techniques across diverse image types and size ranges. Experimental results validate its effectiveness in advancing image inpainting.
Deriving played trumpet directivity patterns from a multiple-capture transfer-function technique
Authors: Bellows Samuel D. , Avila Joseph E. , Leishman Timothy W.
Published: January 2025

The directional radiation patterns of musical instruments have long been defining characteristics known to influence their perceived qualities. Technical understanding of musical instrument directivities is essential for applications such as concert hall design, auralizations, and recording microphone placements. Nonetheless, the difficulties in measuring sound radiation from musician-played instruments at numerous locations over a sphere have severely limited their directivity measurement resolutions compared to standardized loudspeaker resolutions. This work illustrates how a carefully implemented multiple-capture transfer-function method adapts well to played musical instrument directivities and achieves compatible resolutions. Comparisons between a musician-played and artificially excited trumpet attached to a mannikin validate the approach’s effectiveness. The results demonstrate the trumpet’s highly directional characteristics at high frequencies and underscore the crucial effects of musician diffraction. Spherical spectral analysis reveals that standardized resolutions may only be sufficient to produce valid complex-valued directivities up to nearly 4 kHz, emphasizing the need for high-resolution, played musical instrumentdirectivity measurements.
Review of JAEA’s Monte Carlo codes for nuclear reactor core analysis
Authors: Nagaya Yasunobu
Published: January 2025

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been developing a general-purpose continuous-energy Monte Carlo code MVP for nuclear reactor core analysis. Recently improvements to MVP have been focused on the development of an advanced neutronics/thermal-hydraulics coupling code. JAEA has also developed a new Monte Carlo solver Solomon for criticality safety analysis. Solomon aims to calculate the criticality of fuel debris. This paper provides an overview of the capabilities and reviews recent applications of MVP and Solomon.
An investigation on the uncertainty of fill factor
Authors: Pavanello Diego , Sample Tony , Müllejans Harald
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the fill factor (FF) measurement uncertainty contributing to the uncertainty in the labeling of the nominal maximum power (Pmax) of photovoltaic modules, which is determined under Standard Test Conditions (STC). Given that the price of these modules is tied to their Pmax, accurately quantifying the uncertainty of this measurement is crucial for ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratories. Adhering to the “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement”, this work evaluates the uncertainty contribution of the Fill Factor (FF), a key parameter linking Pmax, the open-circuit voltage (Voc), and the short-circuit current (Isc). The analysis is based on data from three reference modules measured at the European Solar Test Installation (ESTI), part of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, since 1996. This data shows a reduction in FF uncertainty from approximately 0.6% to 0.3%, attributed to advancements in measurement technologies and techniques. Considering the goal of top calibration laboratories to measure Pmax with the lowest possible uncertainty, the improvement in FF uncertainty measurement is significant, ensuring more accurate labeling of photovoltaic modules.
Increasing the self-sufficiency of a university campus by expanding the PV capacity while minimizing the energy cost
Authors: Randrianantenaina Tina Arizo , Le Gal La Salle Josselin , Spataru Sergiu Viorel , David Mathieu
Published: January 2025

Microgrids, which promote the production and consumption of renewable energy on site, are a relevant solution to reduce carbon emissions and the price of energy for end users. However, converting an existing building stock into a microgrid powered mainly by renewable energy requires finding a technical and economic optimum while taking into account strong constraints. This work proposes a methodology to achieve this objective on an existing university campus located in La Reunion, a French island in the Indian Ocean. The campus already has three photovoltaic (PV) systems and high-quality measurement data of weather, loads and energy production. The goal of the work is to find an optimal rooftop PV capacity that maximizes campus self-sufficiency while keeping energy price affordable for users. The results do not highlight a unique combination of roofs as a solution to the optimization problem. However, the analysis of possible combinations gives clear rules for defining the total photovoltaic capacity to be installed and selecting the most suitable roofs.