bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Costs of emergency and the role of Court of Auditors
Authors: Manzetti Vanessa
Published: March 2024

The Court of Auditors is assigned the scrutiny of the economic-financial balance of the Public administrations in order to protect the economic unity of the Italian Republic.  Such prerogatives have a great importance in the framework outlined by art. 2 §1 of the Constitutional Law n.1/2012, which, in line with the European Union legal system, recalls the Public Administrations as a whole to ensure balanced budgets and the sustainability of the public debt. This means that the surveys of the Court of Auditors in the performance of its functions (judicial, control and advisory) should indirectly also reveal the emergency costs.The paper will examine some fundamental documents such as the Report on the financial management of the local authorities 2019-2021, the deliberations of the Regional Audit sections of the Court on budgets of the local health authorities, as well as the Reports on the result of the controls on the financial management of the companies subject to the control of the Court of Auditors ex art. 12 of the Law n. 259 of 1958. The examination will also focus on the controls that the Regional Control Sections of the Court of Auditors carries out on the budgets and final accounts of Local Authorities to verify the compliance with the annual objectives set by the Internal Stability Pact and the compliance with the obligation provided by article 119 § 6 of the Italian Constitution. These controls aim also to verify the debt sustainability and the absence of irregularities that could jeopardize the balance economic-financial aspects of the Local Authorities.An important perspective to better quantify the costs of the emergency is also identified by article 103 of the Italian Constitution which attributes to the Court of Auditors the jurisdiction on public accounting, civil, military and war pensions, as well as the jurisdiction on the liability of public accountants, public administrators and public officials in judgements concerning the management of the public money. This approach could also lead to reflect on the relationship between public debt and emergency, and on the possibility of judgments raised by a party before the Court of Auditors. Lastly, the examination of the Opinions drawn up by the Court of Auditors in the exercise of its advisory function could be also useful to trace the unclear perimeter of the costs of the emergency
Climate Model Benchmarking for CMIP7 – A CMIP Task Team
Authors: Hoffman Forrest , Hassler Birgit
Published: March 2024

The goal of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is to better understand past, present, and future climate changes in a multi-model context. Based on the outcomes of the phase 6 of CMIP (CMIP6) Community Survey, the CMIP panel is seeking to identify ways to increase the project's scientific and societal relevance, improve accessibility, and widen participation. To achieve these goals, a number of Task Teams were established to support the design, scope, and definition of the next phase of CMIP and the evolution of CMIP infrastructure and future operationalization.An important prerequisite for providing reliable climate information from climate and Earth system models is to understand their capabilities and limitations. Thus, systematically and comprehensively evaluating the models with the best available observations and reanalysis data is essential. For CMIP7 new evaluation challenges stemming from models with higher resolution and enhanced complexity need to be rigorously addressed. These challenges are both technical (e.g., memory limits, increasingly unstructured and regional grids), and scientific. In particular, innovative diagnostics, including the support of machine learning-based analysis of CMIP simulations, must be developed.The Climate Model Benchmarking Task Team aims to provide a vision and concrete guidance for establishing a systematic, open, and rapid performance assessment of the expected large number of models participating in CMIP7, including a variety of informative diagnostics and performance metrics. The goal is to fully integrate evaluation tools into the CMIP publication workflow, and their diagnostic outputs published alongside the model output on the ESGF, ideally displayed through an easily accessible website. To accomplish this, existing evaluation tools need to be further developed and applied to historical and other CMIP7 simulations. We expect to produce an increasingly systematic characterization of the models which, compared with early phases of CMIP, will more quickly and openly identify the strengths and weaknesses of simulation results. This will also reveal whether long-standing model errors remain evident in newer models and will assist modelling groups in improving their models. This framework will be designed to readily incorporate updates, including new observations and a multitude of additional diagnostics and metrics as they become available from the research community, and will be developed as fully open-source software with high documentation standards.
An Experimental Investigation of the Potential Role of Zeolite in CO2 Mineralization
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulwahab , Addassi Mouadh , Oelkers Eric , Hoteit Hussein
Published: March 2024

Although there are many parts of the world where there are saline aquifers or depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs available for large-scale subsurface carbon storage, these may not be present in other areas near major point sources. In such cases, the mineralization of carbon injected into mafic or ultramafic rocks may provide an alternative. Carbon mineralization has been successful in fresh basalts. More common are basalts that have been hydrothermally altered over time by their interaction with warm waters. The most common Ca-bearing silicate alteration phase of basalts altered at temperatures less than 200 oC are zeolite phases. Zeolites are noted for the rapid exchange of their interstitial cations to the aqueous solution. This process suggests zeolite-bearing altered basalts may be a favorable target for subsurface mineral carbonation efforts. This study was designed to assess this possibility.
The dissolution rate and Ca release rate of the Ca-bearing zeolite stilbite (NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72·28(H2O)) have been measured in mixed flow experimental reactors at 60 oC and a function of pH. The reactor containing the ground stilbite has been placed inside a shaking incubator held at a constant rotational speed. The reacting fluid with varying pH levels is injected into the reactor using a peristaltic pump at a constant flow rate. Fluid samples were frequently collected to monitor the fluid pH and the elemental concentration analysis.
This mineral's BET-surface-area normalized dissolution rate at pH 2 and 60oC was determined at 14.3x10-9 mol m-2 s-1. Calcium was preferentially released at all pH, and this release rate is essentially independent of solution pH. Corresponding closed system experiments in the presence of sodium carbonate solutions demonstrate the rapid and efficient carbonation of this mineral.
Measured reaction rates have been used in reactive transport calculations to assess the efficiency of zeolite carbonation in the subsurface. Results of these calculations indicate that zeolite-bearing basalts strongly favor the fixation of injected CO2 through the formation of calcite and aragonite. This result suggests the targeting of subsurface carbon mineral storage efforts into zeolite-bearing altered basaltic rocks.
A Digital Twin for Energy Consumption Prediction and Thermal Comfort Monitoring in Residential Buildings
Authors: Dinmohammadi Fateme , Shafiee Mahmood
Published: March 2024

The residential buildings are responsible for approximately one-quarter of the world’s energy consumption and they play an important role in mitigating global climate change [1]. To improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions in the residential building sector, it is necessary to predict the energy consumption and thermal comfort under urban climate change. Nowadays, a large number of IoT sensors, smart devices, and controllers are employed in residential buildings to collect data in a real time and seamless way [2]. Emerging digital technologies such as digital twins and artificial intelligence (AI) have proven to be a powerful tool to provide dynamic, reliable, robust, and agile models for predicting and monitoring the energy consumption and air pollutant emission levels in industrial sectors. However, digital twins have received very little attention in the residential building sector [3]. The main aim of this study is to design and prototype a digital twin system for thermal comfort monitoring, visualization, tracking, energy management, prediction, and optimization in residential buildings under different indoor and outdoor conditions. Our digital twin model is built on the basis of a thermodynamic model incorporating building attributes such as heating methods, wall materials, etc. with real-time sensor and IoT information updates to deliver precise predictive foresight and also determine the different indoor and outdoor factors contributing the most to residential heating energy consumption and thermal comfort. The digital twin model will be tested on a dataset containing sensor data, building attribute features, and weather records during five heating seasons of residential buildings in a city in Russia that was published for the first time in 2020 by IEEE DataPort [4].References[1] United Nations Environment Programme (2020), The 2020 global status report for building and construction: Towards a zero-emission, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector. https://globalabc.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2020%20Buildings%20GSR_FULL%20REPORT.pdf.[2] Dinmohammadi, F., Wilson, D. Understanding the End-Users and Technical Requirements for Real-Time Streaming Data Analytics and Visualisation, In: 26th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC), 02-04 September 2021, Portsmouth, UK.[3] Dinmohammadi, F., Han, Y., Shafiee, M. Predicting Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings Using Advanced Machine Learning Algorithms, Energies 16 (9), 3748.[4] Zorin, P.; Stukach, O. Data of Heating Meters from Residential Buildings in Tomsk (Russia) for Statistical Modeling of Thermal Characteristics of Buildings. Published on 5 October 2020. Available online: https://ieee-dataport.org/documents/data-heating-meters-residential-buildings-tomsk-russia-statistical-modeling-thermal.
Anomalies of sulfur compound-specific molecular fossils link terrestrial ecosystem collapse to the end-Triassic crisis
Authors: Fang Linhao , Li Hongjia , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Guangli , Lu Yuanzheng , Deng Shenghui , Li Meijun , Wignall Paul , Newton Robert
Published: March 2024

The end-Triassic mass extinction (ETE), one of the “Big Five” in Earth history, was triggered by Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanism, releasing voluminous CO2, SO2 and halocarbons, which affected global marine and terrestrial ecosystems through atmospheric circulations. The terrestrial ecosystem collapse is commonly attributed to CO2-drivengreenhouse effects changing climates that consequently impacted flora and fauna, but this fails to explain why atmospheric CO2 with long retention timejust dominates a range of short-lived crises. Here, we investigate two terrestrial Triassic-Jurassic sections in each high- and low/middle- paleolatitude, finding anomalies of sulfur-associated molecular fossils, biomarker proxies of “high-temperature wildfires” and higher plants burial. These coincide with relatively short CAMP climax (lasting ~ 60,000 years). We propose a novel hypothesis that the high-intensity pulses of acid rains originated from CAMP climax dominated catastrophic defoliation, which oversupply dead moisture-free biomass as fuels in unusual rates, leaving coeval widespread abnormally high-temperature wildfires and spikes of sulfur compound-specific molecules in terrestrial sediments as fingerprints of acid rain deposition. 
Linking small-scale salinity mixing and large-scale estuarine circulation
Authors: Klingbeil Knut
Published: March 2024

Both, the overturning circulation in the ocean and the exchange flow in an estuary are directly linked to the transformation of water masses caused by small-scale mixing. The integral Water Mass Transformation (WMT) framework formulates how diffusive fluxes between water masses of different tracer concentrations are associated with mass fluxes across iso-tracer surfaces. Relations between local dia-surface fluxes and small-scale mixing in terms of local tracer variance dissipation have been derived by Klingbeil and Henell (2023). In my talk I will explain and demonstrate these relations between local diahaline fluxes, small-scale salinity variance dissipation and the large-scale circulation in estuaries. Klingbeil, K. and E. Henell (2023) A Rigorous Derivation of the Water Mass Transformation Framework, the Relation between Mixing and Diasurface Exchange Flow, and Links to Recent Theories in Estuarine Research. JPO. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0130.
Risks, major infrastructure and public procurement
Authors: Police Aristide
Published: March 2024

The paper focuses its attention on the functional interconnections that arise between unforeseen events, infrastructure planning and public contracts. Distortions are noted that alter infrastructure planning with respect to the emergence of unforeseen events that also affect the awarding of public contracts, with absent or sloppy procedures that in the long run betray the assumption for which they were called. Biases are likely to generate negative consequences in the long run, for the accountability of administrations, for the management of procedures, and of course on the infrastructure itself. It is a matter of establishing the derogation regime, the possibility of concentrating many powers under one person also in order to check the trajectories of public authorities' approach to unforeseen situations.
Sedimentary record analysis of the geographic occurrences of storm surge events in response to climate change
Authors: Gao Shue , Yang Yang , Zhou Liang , Li Yanan , Gao Jianhua
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to establish a methodological framework for the study of the pattern changes in terms of geographic occurrences of storm surge events, caused by climate changes. The intensification of storms as a result of global warming may be true because of the enhanced energy level, but any specific situation depends on the geographic location. Due to the spherical shape of the earth and the distribution characteristics of the sea and land, climate zones are formulated, with variations with latitude and longitude. Thus, there are several possible combinations for storm intensity and frequency changes, but where do these different patterns occur and what are the control mechanisms? Here we carry out analyses of sedimentary records to answer these questions, by identifying the relationship between storm processes and the resultant product of deposition. We capture time series information on changes in intensity and frequency of Typhoons in Southeastern Asia and Hurricanes in the Atlantic, from sedimentary records within and near the storm event regions, and then compare them with other synchronous information on SST, ENSO, monsoon, ocean circulation, and atmospheric dust transport, to find clues for mechanism studies. We obtained the materials from the various marine environments, including tidal flats, coastal lagoons, beaches and coastal dunes, storm boulders on biological reefs and continental shelf regions, to identify the presence of storm event records, and obtain the information on the dynamic process that generates the record, in terms of the intensity and frequency of storms. sediment records, and studies of sediment records were carried out. Since the sedimentary records are distributed over low to middle latitudes, the zonation changes in the storm intensity/frequency can be compared with climate changes during the Holocene period. The data sets obtained so far reveal both patterns of synchronicity and asynchronicity of storm pattern changes in different geographical zones and during different climatic periods. The combined effects of the changes in the various factors, as mentioned above, may explain the complexity of the changing patterns. However, in order to quantify or establish a general model for the storm pattern and climate changes, the uncertainties of this study should be reduced, by enhancing the accuracy of storm intensity and frequency indicators, and improving the techniques to determine the spatial resolution of the sedimentary records of storm events. 
Grounding line migration at Orville Coast, Ronne Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, based on long interferometric Sentinel-1 time series
Authors: Tympalski Michał , Sompolski Marek , Kopeć Anna , Milczarek Wojciech
Published: March 2024

Determining the grounding lines of ice shelf glaciers (the border at which the ice begins to float in the ocean) is obligatory in precise measuring and understanding of ice sheet mass balance and glacier dynamics. Awareness of its migration range (grounding zone) is also crucial when estimating the impact of glacier/ice sheet waters on the ocean water level. Currently, the most precise large-scale method is based on the viscoelastic tidal movement of the ice shelf identified on a 4-pass DInSAR results. In some places, however, the measurements are impossible or significantly difficult due to the decorrelation between scenes. According to our preliminary results, it may be possible to use unwrapped phase interferograms as a new/supportive method for detecting ground lines. Combined with algorithms for automatic delineation, it can become a powerful solution for obtaining results with unprecedented frequency.The latest results revealed that for many glaciers the grounding zone width is two orders of magnitude larger than expected. This contradicts existing physical models, which are based on zero ice melt and fixed grounding line position. Irregular interactions between ice and seawater might have a strong impact on glacier evolution and projections if implemented in physical models. We employed a long-time series of Sentinel-1 differential radar interferometry from 2017 to 2021 to detect the variability in grounding line position on Orville Coast, the region of the western Ronne Ice Shelf. The research carried out over a long period and with high frequency allowed a more detailed study of changes occurring in the grounding zone. Observation from a broader perspective gave us the opportunity to detect seasonality and a persistent trend. We compared changes in grounding line migration with external factors e.g. ocean tides. This might provide a better understanding of the behavior of the ice sheet and glaciers, which are currently undergoing such rapid changes.
The CDDIS – Updates and Future Developments
Authors: Woo Justine , Yates Taylor
Published: March 2024

As earth observing services and techniques have flourished, data and products have exponentially grown, like the proliferation of GNSS stations capable of providing real-time data, SLR stations shifting to kHz lasers, and VLBI’s implementation of VGOS telescopes.  The CDDIS is continually evolving to fulfill the new storage, quality check, and latency requirements that these changes bring, as well as meet new standards such as the shift toward FAIR and open science.  These have shaped how the CDDIS develops new software and resources.  Beginning next year, the CDDIS will begin to transition their data and products to the AWS cloud, beginning with DORIS data.  This poster will highlight the CDDIS’s recently updated processing system, new data and products available, and future work.
Rapidly intensifying extreme weather events in a warming world: how important are large-scale dynamics in generating extreme floods?
Authors: Fowler Hayley
Published: March 2024

The intensification of extreme precipitation in a warming climate has been shown in observations and climate models to follow approximately theoretical Clausius-Clapeyron scaling. However, larger changes have been indicated in events of short-duration which frequently trigger flash floods or landslides, causing loss of life. Global analyses of continental-scale convection-permitting climate models (CPCMs) and new observational datasets will be presented that provide the state-of-the-art in understanding changes to extreme weather (rainfall, wind, hail, lightning) and their compounding effects with global warming. These analyses suggest that not only warming, but dynamical circulation changes, are important in the manifestation of change to some types of extreme weather, which must be addressed in the design of new CPCM ensembles. We use our projections to provide the first analyses of impacts on infrastructure systems using a new consequence forecasting framework and show the implications for adaptation. It will be argued that a shift in focus is needed towards examining extreme weather events in the context of their ‘ingredients’ through their evolution in time and space. Coupled with exploration of their causal pathways, sequencing, and compounding effects – ‘storylines’ –, this can be used to improve both early warning systems and projections of extreme weather events for climate adaptation.
A Monte Carlo Framework to Evaluate the Benefits of Flood Warnings in an Urban Flood-Prone Polder Area
Authors: Duque Felipe , O’Donnell Greg , Liu Yanli , Song Mingming , O’Connell Enda
Published: March 2024

Polders, situated in delta regions and enclosed by dykes to avert flooding (from rivers or tides), depend on pumping mechanisms to transfer water from internal artificial rivers to external ones, particularly during storms. Urban polders are highly susceptible to pluvial flooding if their drainage, storage, and pumping capacities are insufficient. This study introduces a Monte Carlo (MC) framework to assess the effectiveness of rainfall threshold-based flood warnings in mitigating pluvial flooding in an urban flood-prone polder area based on 24-hour forecasts. The framework calculates metrics including the potential duration of waterlogging, the maximum area inundated, and the costs of pump operation, taking into account a wide range of possible storm scenarios. The benefits of flood warnings are evaluated by comparing these metrics across different scenarios: scenarios with no warnings, perfect forecasts, deterministic forecasts, and probabilistic forecasts. Probabilistic forecasts incorporate the idea of 'predictive uncertainty' (PU). A specific polder region in Nanjing was selected for this case study. Findings indicate a balance between waterlogging duration and pumping costs, and demonstrate that probabilistic rainfall predictions can significantly improve these metrics. These insights are valuable for designing and assessing the advantages of a rainfall threshold-based flood early warning system (FEWS) in a polder area.
Characteristics of the 2024 Noto Earthquake and Tsunami occurred in the Eastern Margin of the Japan Sea
Authors: Tanioka Yuichiro , Yamanaka Yusuke
Published: March 2024

On January 1, 2024, a large earthquake (Mw7.6) occurred along the northern coast of the Noto Peninsula, Japan. Because the faults of the earthquakes were located beneath both land and sea, the large strong motion and tsunami were generated and caused severe disasters near the source area. More than 200 people were killed by the earthquake.The earthquake occurred on the Eastern Margin of the Japan Sea where several great earthquakes and tsunamis occurred previously such as the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-oki earthquake (Mw7.8), the 1983 Japan Sea earthquake (Mw7.7), and the 1964 Niigata earthquake (Mw7.6), The 2024 Noto earthquake also occurred on the same Eastern Margin of the Japan Sea where a large number of submarine active faults were identified by the undersea structure surveys and also the GNSS surveys indicted a convergence rate of approximately 1cm/year along the margin. The aftershock activity and the seismological analysis by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the co-seismic deformation analysis using GNSS data by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) of the 2024 Noto earthquake showed that the fault length is about 150 km. Particularly, a northeast part of the fault was extended to the Japan Sea where the Noto peninsula was terminated. The co-seismic deformation due to the faulting generated a large tsunami observed at several tide gauges along the Japan Sea coast.
Effect of water table restoration on microbial communities and enzyme activities in drained peatland
Authors: Wang Yuting , Knorr Klaus-Holger , Xu Guangyuan , Sun Dejing , Xu Zhiwei , Wang Shengzhong
Published: March 2024

Hydrological conditions are the most important environmental controlling factors in the restoration of drained peatlands. And soil microorganisms are sensitive to environmental changes. In this study, soil samples were collected from 0 - 50 cm in the natural area, drained area, and rewetted area in the Baijianghe peatland of the Changbai Mountains to determine soil physicochemical properties, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), two oxidative enzymes (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and three hydrolytic enzymes (β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acidic phosphatase). This study aimed to reveal the characteristics of changes in soil microbial communities and enzyme activities during water table restoration and their influencing factors, and to provide data to support the restoration of drained peatlands. The results showed that the microbial communities and enzyme activities differed considerably among the three areas and that the degree of change varied by depth in the profile. Soil oxidase activities of the oxic zone were significantly lower in the rewetted area than in the drained and natural areas. However, for the transitional and anoxic zones, they were higher than the drained area but lower than the natural area. Soil hydrolytic enzymes in the oxic zone were significantly higher in the rewetted area than in the drained. For the transitional zone, soil hydrolytic enzyme activities were significantly lower in the rewetted area than in the drained area. Water table depth (WTD) restoration had significant effects and soil microbial biomass and community structure. Soil total PLFAs, fungal, actinomycetes, and G- bacterial PLFAs of the oxic zone were significantly higher in the rewetted area than in the drained and natural areas. For the transitional zone, soil total PLFAs, bacterial, and G+ PLFAs were significantly higher in the rewetted area than in the drained. We found that these variations in the microbial communities and enzyme activities were associated with differences in the litter quality, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil water content (SWC), phenolics (PHEN), and pH among three areas. Changes in the WTD the SWC and affect other physicochemical properties of the soil by changing the redox conditions and the availability of O2, which in turn affects the decomposition of SOC. PHEN and SWC explain the highest degree of SOC accumulation, but mainly regulate it by controlling the C limitation of soil microbial activities. Rewetting is conducive to improving the C sink capacity of drained peatlands. 
A fast geo-hazard assessment for electro-energetic network systems using a simplified geo-hydrological model
Authors: Abbate Andrea , Mancusi Leonardo
Published: March 2024

Dams, powerlines, and power plants represent strategic energetic infrastructures and their future operativity maintenance is a challenge. Stakeholders are strongly interested in evaluating the potential risks that may affect their functionality, especially regarding natural hazards. In Italy, geo-hydrological hazards triggered by rainfall such as floods and landslides represent a serious threat to electrical infrastructure, since their magnitude is generally difficult to modelling and quantify properly.Here, we present an application of the model proposed by Borga et. Al. for rainfall-induced shallow landslide hazard assessment. The model merges an infinite slope stability equation with a simplified hydrogeological model evaluating, for a defined rainfall duration, the critical rainfall ratio able to trigger the landslide failure. The model has been adapted to work automatically using Python scripts and has been extended proposing a new strategy for evaluating the Dynamic Contributing Area and for including soil moisture information. Rainfall return time was considered as a proxy of the magnitude of the geo-hydrological events, identifying the most hazardous area with respect to the position of powerlines for the case study basin of Trebbia River, Emilia, Italy. Model results were validated against the currently available local rainfall threshold curves, showing good skill in failure detection.The instrument could be useful for planning purposes, addressing, and quantifying the location under which the critical infrastructure may encounter risk with respect to geo-hydrological threats, and giving useful insights about possible mitigation strategies to increase the overall electro-energetic system resilience.
The 2024 Mw 7.5 Noto Earthquake, shallow rupture with a stagnant initiation in a fluid-rich immature fault zone
Authors: Luo Haipeng , Ma Zhangfeng , Zeng Hongyu , Wei Shengji
Published: March 2024

Seismic hazard evaluation at critical infrastructures, such as nuclear power plant, urges deeper understanding on the fundamental physics that govern the initiation, propagation and termination of damaging earthquakes. The 2024 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.5 Noto Peninsula earthquake produced great hazards and exhibited complex rupture process. We derive high-resolution 3D surface deformation of the event using dense space geodetic observations, which reveal two major deformation zones separated by ~40 km along the coast of the Peninsula. Two large (>10m) shallow slip asperities with over 10 MPa stress drop on the thrust faults explain excellently the geodetic observations. A calibrated back-projection using teleseismic array high-frequency data shows that the rupture was stagnant around the hypocentre for ~20s before it propagated bilaterally at the speed of 3.4 km/s and 2.8 km/s towards southwest and northeast, respectively. The slow start of the rupture coincides with the seismic swarm surged since 2020 due to lower crust fluid supply, suggesting low normal stress (high pore fluid pressure) at the bottom edge of the seismogenic zone slowed down the initial rupture. The first major asperity of the rupture was accompanied with intense high frequency seismic radiation, and such radiation is even stronger from the largest asperity located at the southern edge of the Peninsula where the Peak-Ground-Acceleration (PGA) exceeding 2.6G at a site that is less than 40km away from the nuclear power plant. Large stress accumulation together with rough fault geometry and/or friction are likely responsible for the exceedingly large high-frequency radiation, which is mostly responsible for devasting damages.
A Copernicus-based evapotranspiration dataset at 100-m spatial resolution over the Mediterranean region
Authors: Bartkowiak Paulina , Ventura Bartolomeo , Jacob Alexander , Castelli Mariapina
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is responsible for regulating the hydrological cycle with a relevant impact on air humidity and precipitation, particularly important in the context of acute drought events in recent years. With the intensification of rainfall deficits and extreme heat events, the Mediterranean region requires regular monitoring to enhance water resources management. Even though remote sensing provides spatially continuous information for estimating ET on large scales, existing global products with spatial resolution ≥ 0.5 km are insufficient to capture spatial detail at a local level. In the framework of the ESA 4DMed-Hydrology project, we generate an ET dataset at both high spatial and temporal resolutions by the Priestley-Taylor Two-Source Energy Balance model (TSEB-PT) driven by Copernicus satellite data. We build an automatic workflow to generate 100-m ET product by combining data from Sentinel-2 (S2) MSI and Sentinel-3 (S3) land surface temperature (LST) with ERA5 climate reanalysis derived within the period 2017–2021 over four Mediterranean basins in Italy, Spain, France, and Tunisia (Po, Ebro, Hérault, Medjerda). First, original S2 data are pre-processed before deriving 100-m inputs for the ET estimation. Next, biophysical variables, like leaf area index, and fractional vegetation cover are generated, and then they are temporally composted within a 10-day window according to Sentinel-3 acquisitions. Consequently, decadal S2 mosaics are used to derive the remaining TSEB inputs. In parallel, we sharpen 1-km S3 by exploiting dependency between coarse-resolution LST and 100-m S2 reflectances using the decision trees algorithm. Afterward, climate forcings are utilized for modeling energy fluxes, and next for daily ET retrieval. The daily ET composites demonstrate reasonable TSEB-PT estimates. Based on the validation results against eight Eddy Covariance (EC) towers between 2017–2021, the model predicts 100-m ET with an average root mean square error of 1.38 mm day-1 and Pearson coefficient equal to 0.60. Regardless of some constraints, mostly related to the high complexity of EC sites, TSEB-PT can effectively estimate 100-m ET, which opens up new opportunities for monitoring the hydrological cycle on a regional scale. The full dataset is freely available at https://doi.org/10.48784/b90a02d6-5d13-4acd-b11c-99a0d381ca9a, https://doi.org/10.48784/fb631817-189f-4b57-af6a-38cef217bad3, https://doi.org/10.48784/70cd192c-0d46-4811-ad1d-51a09734a2e9, and https://doi.org/10.48784/7abdbd94-ddfe-48df-ab09-341ad2f52e47 for Ebro, Hérault, Medjerda, and Po catchments, respectively (Bartkowiak et al., 2023a–d).
Deep Learning Driven Simulations of Boundary Layer Cloud over the US Southern Great Plains
Authors: Su Tianning , Zhang Yunyan
Published: March 2024

Abstract. This study developed a deep learning model to simulate the complex dynamics of boundary layer clouds (BLCs) over the US Southern Great Plains. Using over twenty years of extensive observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program for training and validation, the model diagnoses the BLCs from the perspective of cloud-land coupling. Morning meteorological profiles set as the initial conditions and then identifying triggers for BLCs formation from surface meteorology. The deep learning model offer accurate simulation of the convection initiation and cloud base of BLCs. In comparison with reanalysis data (i.e., ERA-5 and MERRA-2), it provides a notable improvement in the vertical structure of low clouds from a climatological perspective. The deep learning model can serve as the cloud parameterization and extend to analyzing stratiform and cumulus clouds within reanalysis frameworks, offering insights into improving the simulation of BLCs. By quantifying biases due to various meteorological factors and parameterizations, this deep learning-driven approach bridges the observational-modeling divide. Surface humidity and parameterization emerge as key limiting factors to affect the representation of BLCs in the reanalysis data. This deep learning approach holds promise for improving the convection parameterization and advancing model diagnostics in weather forecasting and climate modelling.
If you build it, who will come? Exploring the effects of rapid transit on residential movements in Metro Vancouver
Authors: Kapatsila Bogdan , Rea Jordan D. , Grisé Emily
Published: March 2024

As cities across the world embrace the benefits of rapid transit technology and invest in the expansion of existing infrastructure or plan for the introduction of new lines, the differences in both benefits and externalities that bus rapid transit (BRT) and rail rapid transit (RRT) bring remain unclear. This study aimed to address that gap and understand whether there was a distinction in impacts on the residential migration of households in different income and residential tenure groups as the result of BRT and RRT projects. This was achieved by exploring the effects of both modes in the same metropolitan region—metro Vancouver. This study used three BRT and three RRT lines that were in service for all or part of the 20 years spanning 1996 through 2016 to assess the rates of in-movement of households by income in Census Tracts (CTs) within 800 meters (½-mile) of a given rapid line. Our analysis suggested that areas adjacent to the Expo-Millennium RRT Corridor saw fewer in-movers between the 2001 Census and the 2016 Census than the areas without rapid transit infrastructure, while the same was true for the CTs affected by BRT lines and that had a larger than average share of new housing while holding everything else (e.g., housing supply) constant. While we did not find evidence to state that the presence of rapid transit infrastructure disproportionately affected any one of the income groups, our analysis suggested that there were more affluent renters moving in along the RRT and BRT lines. At the same time, the share of low-income renters that moved into areas close to rapid transit lines remained relatively stable. This research added a unique perspective to the debate cities and transport agencies have been experiencing with respect to decisions around the investment into different transport technologies and contributed to the argument for the need to carefully plan and provide rapid transit infrastructure together with affordable and diverse housing options.
Operaciones Urbanas Estratégicas -OpURBE Villavicencio, Meta.
Authors: Saray Leguízamo Néstor Saúl
Published: March 2024

Los proyectos urbanos en las últimas décadas se han situado como principal instrumento de intervención y ordenamiento para las ciudades; para esto, intentan responder a la lógica competitiva y de marketing urbano; apuestan por grandes mediaciones que implican inversiones, complejos convenios público-privados y una fuerte carga imaginaria e icónica de las actuaciones urbanísticas que determinan el desarrollo y mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Todo esto hace parte del objetivo principal de los planes de ordenamiento territorial.

Por ello, determinar la transformación del área y del conjunto urbano desde los grandes proyectos estratégicos, conlleva a rupturas y tensiones que reflejan las diferentes visiones de los agentes que habitan en el territorio de intervención y fijan la configuración del modelo de ciudad, planteado como hito catalizador de desarrollo en las estructuras urbanas. De allí, las operaciones urbanas estratégicas podrían estar claramente referenciadas con el urbanismo neoliberal que, desde la teoría y la práctica, orientan el mercado global y urbano, y los negocios empresariales e industriales; y dejan al margen las necesidades y los compromisos sociales, por aumento de las desigualdades socio-espaciales, la pérdida de valores democráticos.
Editorial.
Authors: Quiñones Bustos Jefferson Esteban
Published: March 2024

Presentación del número “Arquitectura, teoría y práctica” de la  Revista Concéntrica de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Corporación Universitaria del Meta – UNIMETA.
Recorrido Arquitectónico. Cementerio de Brion: La trascendencia a través del reflejo.
Authors: Muñoz Aragón Daniel Felipe , Clavijo Daniel Bernardo , Chaparro Arévalo Laura Natalia
Published: March 2024

Scarpa resumió las operaciones que realizó a lo largo del proyecto a tres simples elementos: el agua, instrumento para reflejar el cielo; el reflejo del cielo, que supone la conexión del terreno con la vida que ya trascendió; y el pabellón, cuyo espacio nos sirve para apreciar dicha intención. Este artículo, de corte teórico, presenta de manera innovadora esta obra maestra del arquitecto veneciano Carlo Scarpa, la Tumba Brion.
Campus Universitario.
Authors: Aguirre Pedraza Leidy Katherine , López Soler Deisy , Vergara López Mercy Yileidy
Published: March 2024

El planteamiento del proyecto nació de un estudio previo de las necesidades de los jóvenes que quieren crecer profesionalmente y estudiar una carrera universitaria, particularmente en la ciudad de Villavicencio, Meta. Para esto se revisaron las necesidades y falencias que presentan las instituciones de educación superior I.E.S en términos de infraestructura y espacios para la recreación y el descanso.
Wittgenstein: a propósito de la naturaleza o forma de un problema filosófico
Authors: Cardona Suárez Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2024

Wittgenstein defiende que los problemas filosóficos son ilegítimos. Sin embargo, no resulta del todo claro qué se entiende en general por problema filosófico, cuál es, pues, su naturaleza. El presente artículo intenta elucidar la observación de Wittgenstein que sostiene que la forma de un problema filosófico se puede presentar con la expresión “Yo no sé salir del atolladero” (IF § 123). En el artículo se elige, a manera de ejemplo, el escándalo kantiano, que demanda que demostremos con el uso de la razón que la proposición “hay objetos físicos” es verdadera. Sin renunciar al ejemplo, se explora en qué sentido la expresión de Wittgenstein caracteriza en buena medida la naturaleza misma de la dificultad filosófica. En el ejercicio se atienden recomendaciones formales del Tractatus, terapias desplegadas en Sobre la Certeza y el recurso de distinguir entre sentido primario y sentido secundario de una expresión insinuado en las Investigaciones Filosóficas.
Prognostic Value of Anosmia in SARS-COV-2: A Case Control Study
Authors: Agrawal Nishant , Jain Rahul , Sodani Ajoy
Published: March 2024

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic and sudden onset of anosmia, has been recognized as a major clinical characteristic of the disease. Metanalysis of 107 studies suggested no objective parameter of severity of COVID-19 with anosmia is established. A study including age and gender matched 101 patients in each group was studied and patients with anosmia has strong association with D-Dimer, IL-6, Ferritin, LDH, Orf1ab gene, CT severity index. Also, better prognosis as compared to non-anosmic covid positive patients as compared to requirement of respiratory assistance. The present study is the first study to attempt to determine cut-offs of elevated levels of Inflammatory biomarkers in the prediction of requirement of respiratory assistance in SARS-CoV2 positive anosmia patients.

Key words: Anosmia, Covid-19, Inflammatory markers.
Magnetic resonance relaxometry in assessment of morphological properties of brain gliomas: state of the art
Authors: Chekhonin I. V. , Batalov A. I. , Zakharova N. E. , Kornienko V. N. , Pronin I. N.
Published: March 2024

Magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry, or measurement of tissue magnetic relaxation properties, is a technology intended to quantitatively depict the physical basis of structural MR imaging. This review is devoted to perspective directions of studies and application of MR relaxometry in brain glioma preoperative and pretherapeutic diagnosis. The current data advocate for emerging capabilities of relaxometry in glioma grading (despite possible overlap between diﬀerent grades) and diﬀerentiating between gliomas and tumors of other origin. Some studies showed features of relaxometric values within the perifocal inﬁltrative edema zone possibly related to glioma inﬁltrative growth. We separately reviewed the works aimed at searching for the most aggressive and malignant foci in glioma tissue and extremely useful for tumor biopsy or removal. No less important are capabilities of relaxometry in radiogenomics, ﬁrst of all, in IDH status prediction. The relaxometric method possesses perspective in multiparametric brain glioma diagnostics.
Machine Learning-Based Wind Speed Estimation for Renewable Energy Optimization in Urban Environments: A Case Study in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: A. M. Ismail , J. M. Umar , J. K. Sagir , M. M. Mohammed , M. J. Mahmud
Published: March 2024

Climate change always had a massive effect on worldwide cities. which can only be decreased through considering renewable energy sources (wind energy, solar energy). However, the need to focus on wind energy prediction will be the best solution to the world electricity petition. Wind power (WP) estimating techniques have been used for diverse literature studies for many decades. The hardest way to improve WP is its nature of differences that make it a tough undertaking to forecast. In line with the outdated ways of predicting wind speed (WS), employing machine learning methods (ML) has become an essential tool for studying such a problem. The methodology used for this study focuses on sanitizing efficient models to precisely predict WP regimens. Two ML models were employed “Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN)” for WS estimation. The experimental methods were used to focus the WS prediction. The prophecy models were trained using a 24-hour’ time-series data driven from Kano state Region, one of the biggest cities in Nigeria. Thus, investigating the (ML) forecast performance was done in terms of coefficient of determination (R²), linear correlation coefficient (R), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Root Mean square error (RMSE). Were. The predicted result shows that the FFNN produces superior outcomes compared to GPR. With R²= 1, R = 1, MSE = 6.62E-20, and RMSE = 2.57E-10
Public Health Law In Malaysia And The United States: Comparing Current Applications
Authors: Wong Justen Han Wei , Aris Tahir , Bohari Ismuni , Mohd. Zahir Mohd. Zamre
Published: March 2024

Background: The main objective of public health law is to pursue the highest possible level of physical and mental health in the population, consistent with the values of social justice.
Aims: To elaborate on Malaysia’s public health laws that share unique commonalities with those of the United States of America, due to both countries’ colonial past as part of the British Empire.
Methods: Historical review and analysis of current public health law issues in both nations.
Results: The United States of America gained full independence from the British Empire on 3 September 1783, while almost three years later, on 11 August 1786, the Union Jack was raised on the island of Pulau Pinang in Malaysia. When the colonies first formed the United States, there was no national public health law; the American colonies adopted the English laws on the control of diseases. This is similar to Pulau Pinang, after the implementation of the Charter of Justice in 1807.
Conclusion: Current applications of the law, which include quarantine, sanitation, disease reporting, and vaccination,exhibit interesting similarities as well as differences between the United States and Malaysia.
КЫРГЫЗ ЖАНА АЛТАЙ ЭПОСТОРУНДАГЫ БААТЫРДЫН ТӨРӨЛҮШҮНӨ БАЙЛАНЫШТУУ МОТИВДЕРДИН САЛТТУУ БЕРИЛИШИ
Authors: Жолдошова Кимсан
Published: March 2024

Макалада кыргыз жана алтай эпосторундагы баатырдын төрөлүшүнө байланыштуу мотивдердин салттуу берилиши тууралуу кеп кылдык. Аталган элдердин эпосторунда башкы баатырдын укмуштуу болуп төрөлүү мотиви борбордук ролду ойнойт. Мунун өзү элди эркиндикке чыгаруучу баатырдын идеалдуу образынын алгачкы элесин камсыз кылып, анын андан аркы эпикалык, баатырдык тагдырынан үмүттөндүрөт. Изилдөөдө эки элдин эпосторундагы баатырдын төрөлүшүнө байланыштуу болгон көөнө сюжеттик элементтердин эпикалык мотив катары берилиши бир топ мисалдар, мифологиялык башаттар, элдик салт-санаалар жана символдор эске алынып, аларга болгон айрым көз караштар салыштырылып каралды. Макалада кыргыз жана алтай эпосторунун сюжеттик тутумундагы баласыздык, ата-энесинин түшүнө аян берүү менен болочоктогу баатырдын укмуштуу төрөлүшү мотиви иликтөөгө алынды.
Disentangling contributions to past and future trends in US surface soil moisture
Authors: Zeppetello Lucas Vargas
Published: March 2024

In this presentation, I will outline a simple, idealized model of the land surface that was used in a recent paper to understand observed decadal soil moisture trends from satellites and ground probe observations. The different processes contributing to long-term trends will be discussed, as will the implications of the results for understanding how long-term climate change will influence the land surface.