bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metrology of solar spectral irradiance at the top of the atmosphere in the near infrared measured at Mauna Loa Observatory: the PYR-ILIOS campaign
Authors: Pereira Nuno , Bolsée David , Sperfeld Peter , Pape Sven , Sluse Dominique , Cessateur Gaël
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The near-infrared (NIR) part of the solar spectrum is of prime importance for
solar physics and climatology, directly intervening in the Earth's
radiation budget. Despite its major role, available solar spectral irradiance
(SSI) NIR datasets, space-borne or ground-based, present discrepancies caused
by instrumental or methodological reasons. We present new results obtained
from the PYR-ILIOS SSI NIR ground-based campaign, which is a replication of
the previous IRSPERAD campaign which took place in 2011 at the Izaña
Atmospheric Observatory (IZO). We used the same instrument and primary calibration source
of spectral irradiance. A new site was chosen for PYR-ILIOS: the Mauna Loa
Observatory (MLO) in Hawaii (3397 m a.s.l.), approximately 1000 m higher than IZO.
Relatively to IRSPERAD, the methodology of monitoring the traceability to the
primary calibration source was improved. The results as well as a detailed
error budget are presented. We demonstrate that the most recent results, from
PYR-ILIOS and other space-borne and ground-based experiments, show an NIR SSI
lower than the previous reference spectrum, ATLAS3, for wavelengths above 1.6 µm.
Validation of Clyde River SuperDARN radar velocity measurements with the RISR-C incoherent scatter radar
Authors: Koustov Alexander , Gillies Robert , Bankole Peter
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The study considers simultaneous plasma velocity measurements in
the eastward direction carried out by the Clyde River (CLY) Super Dual
Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high-frequency (HF) radar and Resolute Bay
(RB) incoherent scatter radar – Canada (RISR-C). The HF velocities are found
to be in reasonable agreement with RISR velocities up to magnitudes of
700–800 m s−1 while, for faster flows, the HF velocity magnitudes are
noticeably smaller. The eastward plasma flow component inferred from
SuperDARN convection maps (constructed for the area of joint measurements
with consideration of velocity data from all the radars of the network) shows
the effect of smaller HF velocities more notably. We show that the
differences in eastward velocities between the two instruments can be
significant and prolonged for observations of strongly sheared plasma flows.
Obtaining reliable source locations with time reverse imaging: limits to array design, velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios
Authors: Werner Claudia , Saenger Erik H.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Time reverse imaging (TRI) is evolving into a standard technique for locating and characterising seismic events. In recent years, TRI has been employed for a wide range of applications from the lab scale, to the field scale and up to the global scale. No identification of events or their onset times is necessary when locating events with TRI; therefore, it is especially suited for locating quasi-simultaneous events and events with a low signal-to-noise ratio. However, in contrast to more regularly applied localisation methods, the prerequisites for applying TRI are not sufficiently known.To investigate the significance of station distributions, complex velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios with respect to location accuracy, numerous simulations were performed using a finite difference code to propagate elastic waves through three-dimensional models. Synthetic seismograms were reversed in time and reinserted into the model. The time-reversed wave field back propagates through the model and, in theory, focuses at the source location. This focusing was visualised using imaging conditions. Additionally, artificial focusing spots were removed using an illumination map specific to the set-up. Successful locations were sorted into four categories depending on their reliability. Consequently, individual simulation set-ups could be evaluated by their ability to produce reliable source locations.Optimal inter-station distances, minimum apertures, relations between the array and source locations, heterogeneities of inter-station distances and the total number of stations were investigated for different source depths and source types. Additionally, the accuracy of the locations was analysed when using a complex velocity model or a low signal-to-noise ratio.Finally, an array in southern California was investigated regarding its ability to locate seismic events at specific target depths while using the actual velocity model for that region. In addition, the success rate with recorded data was estimated.Knowledge about the prerequisites for using TRI enables the estimation of success rates for a given problem. Furthermore, it reduces the time needed to adjust stations to achieve more reliable locations and provides a foundation for designing arrays for applying TRI.
Diversity and Inclusion as Essential Elements of 4-H Youth Development Programs
Authors: Sumner Rachel , Turner Andy , Burrow Anthony L.
Published: December 2018

Diversity and inclusion are essential elements of 4-H’s goals related to positive youth development, workforce development, and organizational sustainability. Previous research has examined Cooperative Extension professionals’ attitudes on this topic, demonstrating that most of them recognize the importance of diversity and inclusion in 4-H. Here we present results from a survey of adolescents participating in New York state 4-H programs assessing their endorsement of racial/ethnic diversity and inclusion in 4-H. Results revealed that, overall, youth felt positively toward this kind of diversity and inclusion in 4-H, and endorsement was most strongly predicted by a learning orientation that emphasizes acquiring new information through intergroup contact. We conclude with considerations for 4-H programs seeking to help young people develop and maintain an openness to diversity and inclusion.
Biologia do amar: pistas para recriar sensibilidade humana e ambiental
Authors: Strieder Roque , Girardi Araceli
Published: December 2018

O contexto das crises, econômica, de recursos naturais e existenciais são reflexos de crises em âmbito cultural e também de crise no universo das experiências formativas. Crises que evidenciam o desencanto do ser humano, a sensação de vazio interior, o distanciamento interrelacional, ansiedade e angústia traduzidas em estresse e enfermidades somáticas. Como alternativa a esse cenário intranquilo e ameaçador nosso objetivo é propor uma possibilidade formativa a ser desenvolvida em escolas, como ações pedagógicas e formativas no âmbito da biologia do amar em consonância com a ternura. A investigação, com base em referenciais teóricos, tem como fonte principal as contribuições de Maturana e Yáñez (2009) e Fernández (2010). Para os autores muitos são os aspectos que desencadeiam as crises existenciais do Homo sapiens demens e, nesse sentido, a educação torna-se referência fundamental como possibilitadora de experiências formativas estratégicas e despertadoras do emocionar do amar e da ternura como perspectivas humanizadoras.
Assessing the quality of third mission activities in Portuguese universities
Authors: Sin Cristina , Tavares Orlanda , Cardoso Sónia
Published: December 2018

Since 2009, Portuguese higher education institutions have been developing their own internal quality assurance systems and policies as a result of the reforms of higher education quality assurance in Europe and Portugal. This paper analyses how far Portuguese universities, within the remit of their internal quality assurance systems, define and employ mechanisms and procedures in order to assess the quality of their third mission activities. The analysis was conducted on documents submitted by institutions to the Portuguese Agency for the Assessment and Accreditation of Higher Education (A3ES) under the institutional evaluation process. Findings suggest that although the analysed Portuguese institutions apparently embrace the third mission, the quality assurance of this core activity is still in an embryonic stage of development. This suggests that quality assurance systems need to be developed so as to integrate the various core missions of an institution (e.g. teaching and learning; research and third mission), ensuring they receive similar levels of consideration.
Assessing English-Translated Profiles of Chinese Companies: A Corpus-based Comparative Study From the Perspectives of Lexical Features and Intersubjectivity
Authors: Pan Jiejing
Published: December 2018

Based on the Communicative Action Theory, intersubjectivity theory and the interpersonal classification of metadiscourse, this study makes a comparison between the source texts and the English-translated texts of Chinese company profiles with a self-built parallel corpus, along the dimensions of lexical variation, lexical density, grammatical explicitation and metadiscourse use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate English-translated company profiles by examining the lexical features and intersubjectivity. The research findings are as follows. First, English company profiles show a lower degree of lexical variation and density and a higher degree of grammatical explicitation, and use more metadiscourse resources. Second, metadiscourse resources construct the intersubjectivity of company profiles by fulfilling the Universal Validity Claims required by communicative actions. Third, English-translated company profiles are much easier to understand, with a clearer logic and a higher degree of intersubjectivity.
Profile of teachers of Spanish as Second Language for Adult (non Literate) Immigrants
Authors: Sosinski Marcin
Published: December 2018

This paper examines the profile of teachers of adult immigrant learners with low level of formal instruction. The data was collected in two on-line surveys filled out by teachers from Spain and from other countries; the analysis was conducted on the Spanish answers, followed by comparison with those of teachers from the other countries. The results reveal that among the Spanish teachers there are more volunteers, and that they have less experience than the rest of the respondents. In general, all respondents have received few hours of training and proportion of those surveyed are unaware of their students’ educational level. At the end the author argues that there is a need for training for teachers who work with this cohort of adult learners.
Brief Report: Characteristics of Precalculus Through Calculus 2 Programs: Insights From a National Census Survey
Authors: Rasmussen Chris , Apkarian Naneh , Hagman Jessica Ellis , Johnson Estrella , Larsen Sean , Bressoud David , _ _
Published: December 2018

We present findings from a recently completed census survey of all mathematics departments in the United States that offer a graduate degree in mathematics. The census survey is part of a larger project investigating institutional features that influence student success in the introductory mathematics courses that are required of most STEM majors in the United States. We report the viewpoints of departments about characteristics shown to support students' success as well as the extent to which these characteristics are being implemented in programs across the country. We conclude with a discussion of areas where we see the potential for growth and further improvement.
The Social Dynamics of Social Science Research: Between Poetry and the Conveyer Belt
Authors: Abbey Emily , Zittoun Tania
Published: December 2018

This paper considers the semiotic organization of the research process in the social sciences. It offers a detailed analysis of the semiotic organization of a much used technique in the social sciences: the one-on-one non-directive interview. We consider how different signs might constrain the researcher’s thoughts and actions within the ongoing processes of interview dialogue. We are especially interested in different semiotic representations that may constrain the researcher’s understanding of his or her direct perception of phenomena: the researcher as a “poet” or as a “machine.” It is suggested that these notions may differentially constrain the researcher’s monitoring of the interaction with a participant, and that decisions in this monitoring process can have important implications for the ability of the interviewee to more fully express what it is he or she tries to communicate, and for the process of generating new knowledge. In conclusion, we suggest “poetic” and “mechanistic” approaches to the direct perception of phenomena, though distinct, may nonetheless be understood to complement one another.
Timeline interviews: A tool for conducting life history research
Authors: Adriansen Hanne Kirstine
Published: December 2018

The aim of this paper is to explain and discuss timeline interviews as a method for doing life history research. It is a ‘how to’ article explaining the strengths and weaknesses of using a timeline when conducting qualitative interviews. The method allows the interviewee to participate in the reporting of the interview which may give raise to ownership and sharing of the analytical power in the interview situation. Exactly for this reason, it may not be the most appropriate method for interviewing elites or for conducting insider interviews where positionality can be at play. The use of the timeline should not lead the interviewer or the interviewee to assume linearity and coherence; it is an organising principle for the events. It provides an opportunity for linking the story with the wider social, political and environmental context during the interview. While the method is very suitable for life story research, it can also be used for other types of studies where interviews are made.
Irregular Migration: Mismatch between Conceptualizations and Lived Experiences
Authors: Thomsen Trine Lund
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on researching differences in relation to irregular migration and various methodological challenges and ethical considerations that arise when working in this type of research field. Due to the precarious character of the migration and the vulnerability of the migrants, a large degree of responsibility is placed on the researcher in order to refrain from harming the researched group(s) further. Yet, the need to access information about their life situations are of great importance to shed light on matters that otherwise would remain hidden and undisclosed. How do researchers recognize the implications of the methods used in researching irregular migration and other vulnerable people and sensitive subjects? How do we carry out research in this field without causing further harm to the subjects researched? What kind of differentiating categorization of migrants do researchers construct, produce and reproduce during the research process? This article addresses the above questions by looking at the construction and categorization of irregular migrants in both the research process and as the products of research conducted, using the biographical narrative method in order to obtain a deeper and more complex understanding of the social dynamics involved in the field of irregular migration.
The unequal power relation in the final interpretation
Authors: Almlund Pernille
Published: December 2018

This article addresses the power relation in qualitative research and especially the importance of taking into consideration the problematic aspects of the power relation when executing the final interpretation of qualitative research. The methodology literature examines the unequal power relation in qualitative research by focusing on how society has become an interview society and on the lack of equality in interviews. Although the literature recommends being aware of asymmetry between research participants, it fails to look at how to address the final interpretation of qualitative research if the interpretation also takes the unequal power relation into account. Consequently, interpreting the researched in a respectful manner is difficult. This article demonstrates the necessity of increasing awareness of the unequal power relation by posing, discussing and, to some extent answering, three methodological questions inspired by meta-theory that are significant for qualitative research and qualitative researchers to reflect on. This article concludes that respectful interpretation and consciously paying attention to the unequal power relation in the final interpretation require decentring the subject, dissociating from the ideal of intersubjectivity, being descriptive instead of normative, accepting the unconquerable distance between the researcher and the researched and looking at the entire research process and analyses as an undeniable coproduction and interpretation.
La Educación Artística en los Grados de Infantil y Primaria. Un análisis desde las especialidades docentes actuales y propuestas a una especialización en artes, cultura visual, audiovisual y diseño
Authors: Caeiro Martín , Callejón María Dolores , Assaleh Assaleh Mohamed Samir
Published: December 2018

El arte, a lo largo de los años de escolaridad se relega legislativa y curricularmente a favor de otras áreas de aprendizaje, cuando se sabe que es el área que más conecta con la naturaleza infantil. Este artículo analiza la situación de la educación artística en la legislación actual en las etapas de infantil y primaria y ofrece una panorámica de los diseños curriculares de las universidades y de su oferta formativa. También se presentan los resultados obtenidos a partir de una encuesta realizada al profesorado de los Grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria de las diferentes universidades españolas, con cuestiones planteadas en torno a la necesidad de contar con una mayor especialización de los maestros en el área artística. A partir de este análisis y estudio, se significa la necesidad de que exista una formación específica en educación artística que complemente las áreas de educación musical y de educación física. Finalmente, se aporta la visión de los autores acerca de una especialización en artes plásticas, cultura visual, audiovisual y diseño, argumentando las razones de su implementación y desarrollo. El objeto final sería ir pasando de la especialización en los grados a una formación más experta y profunda en el contexto de los másteres y programas de doctorado para maestros.
La educación artística como configuración de lo contemporáneo en el arte
Authors: Montero Daniel
Published: December 2018

El siguiente texto es una reflexión personal que parte de mi experiencia profesional como investigador en historia y crítica de arte, así como de mi labor docente en escuelas de formación artística en niveles de licenciatura y posgrado y que permite pensar en cómo es que tanto la teoría, la historia y las prácticas del arte coinciden necesariamente. Se argumenta, en general, que la noción de arte contemporáneo, más que un estilo o una moda, es un espacio de experimentación que puede ser aprovechado en las escuelas de arte como un lugar para pensar en cómo es que se percibe la realidad inmediata y cómo es que se pueden singularizar ciertas experiencias de una manera única, de forma muy diferente a cualquier otra disciplina. En ese sentido, y al contrario de lo que se podría esperar por las reglamentaciones y tradiciones que lo predeterminan, el espacio académico se convierte a su vez en un lugar en que la práctica del arte puede escapar y empezar a dialogar de otra forma con la institucionalidad del mundo del arte global y de ciertas maneras de hacer que se han convertido en códigos fácilmente comprensibles. Así, la noción de arte contemporáneo incorporada a la escuela podría incluso cuestionar las mismas bases del conocimiento artístico permitiendo cierta movilidad de los sujetos, así como de las prácticas.
Alumnado femenino en las enseñanzas de artes plásticas y diseño en el sistema educativo público español 1940-2015
Authors: Quílez Marta
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo se encarga de analizar la incorporación del alumnado femenino a la enseñanza de Artes Plásticas y Diseño dentro de un marco temporal referenciado que abarca desde el final de la Guerra Civil española hasta la actualidad. El propósito es examinar la escasa evolución de la mujer dentro del sistema educativo en una etapa marcada por la adquisición de derechos. Se pretende analizar social y cualitativamente el lugar que la mujer ocupaba y ocupa en la configuración de un sistema educativo complejo, en nuestra historia reciente. En este contexto se analizan las especialidades artísticas más demandadas por el sexo femenino en las enseñanzas de bachillerato, formación profesional y estudios superiores no universitarios.Para ello debemos conceptualizar y situar estas enseñanzas a lo largo de la historia y cómo los cambios acontecidos durante su evolución han afectado al alumnado femenino. Las enseñanzas de Artes Plásticas y Diseño son herederas de la tradición reformista que el Movimiento Arts & Crafts iniciado en Europa por William Morris en el siglo XIX. Durante más de doscientos años ha evolucionado condicionadas, siempre, por la inestabilidad del cambiante sistema educativo español.
Educación por el Arte y Formación Docente: tensionar el mandato fundacional disciplinador para transformar la escuela
Authors: Grasso Mario
Published: December 2018

El siguiente artículo propone reflexionar sobre los postulados teóricos de la Educación por el Arte y su articulación con las prácticas de enseñanza en la formación docente del conurbano sur de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Se sostiene que los futuros docentes han vivido escasas experiencias formativas relacionadas con la filosofía de la educación por el arte. Este dato se evidencia en sus biografías escolares y manifiesta la vigencia del origen homogeneizador de la escuela moderna.      
En consecuencia, se apuesta a la transformación de sus mandatos fundacionales, en términos de cosificación del sujeto para la producción fabril.
Con tal fin, se describe la evolución de la Didáctica (destacando el movimiento contrahegemónico de la Escuela Nueva) y se teoriza especialmente sobre el carácter interpretativo y propositivo de esta ciencia en la actualidad.
En este marco, se reflexiona sobre el valor de los lenguajes artísticos y se invita a sumarlos al repertorio de los componentes didácticos a tener en cuenta a la hora de crear una situación de enseñanza promotora de aprendizaje significativo, contextualizado y estético.
Se presentan algunas experiencias a modo de ejemplo y como aporte al colectivo docente de nivel superior.
Derivaciones subjetivas en la contemporaneidad. (A propósito Pandemonia Panacea)
Authors: Hernández Edilberto
Published: December 2018

El proyecto artístico: Pandemonia Panacea me permitió realizar ciertos acercamientos experimentales, sensibles y vitales, encaminados a comprender algunos aspectos de la constitución de las subjetividades en la contemporaneidad y derivar de ello, inquietudes referidas a la formación y la manera de establecer relaciones más cuidadosas con todos los seres que habitamos el universo. Estas indagaciones se han construido desde una perspectiva de cognición estética, esto es, un modo de construcción y de relación con la realidad, en la que se reconocen las posibilidades de comprensión y actuación sensible. A partir de un encuadre inicial, el artículo profundiza la cuestión de las subjetividades contemporáneas, para entrar luego a desarrollar dos formas de derivaciones subjetivas.
Arte en el silencio: Nueva experiencia hacia el rol del docente hipoacúsico bilingüe
Authors: Bernaschina Diego
Published: December 2018

Este artículo busca compartir algunas reflexiones que surgen frente a la interacción educativa (docente hipoacúsico bilingüe o artista sordo — docente titular — estudiantes oyentes) como una construcción conjunta de conocimientos a través de la comunicación inclusiva y del trabajo colaborativo. Así pues, la importancia del acercamiento propuesto por el autor, que introduce una experiencia innovadora y reflexión personal sobre la comunidad educativa dentro de la escuela formal. Para entender la relación de las personas sordas a través de sus manifestaciones artísticas y sus distintas comunidades educativas, estableciendo un diálogo abierto, inclusivo y tolerante, con el fin de mejorar ciertas situaciones de trabajo realizadas en diferentes contextos sociales, artísticos y culturales. Por tanto, constituye una aproximación a la cuestión de inclusión social-laboral en las escuelas formales para ejercer su rol docente/tallerista de manera flexible, sensible y participativa. A su vez, se propone incluir un papel de mediador o mediadora entre la dupla tradicional, tanto el docente titular (persona oyente) como el tallerista (persona sorda) para incorporar y facilitar la utilización de la lengua de señas/signos dentro de la escuela formal. Sin embargo, este nuevo enfoque persigue el perfeccionamiento y la aplicación de la metodología inclusiva para repensar los problemas de la enseñanza artística, y de la utilización de estrategias de aprendizaje colaborativo en la formación de formadores (acompañamiento pedagógico) para potenciar su compromiso de la práctica de educación artística.
Educar estéticamente desde la cocina
Authors: De la Calle Román
Published: December 2018

Reseña de:
Bernd Knöller, B. y Mollà, X. (2018). Unànime. Cocina y Fotografía. València-Ontinyent: Deià Books.
Teleduca, un referente en cine educativo como reivindicación colectiva del espacio social. La experiencia de Carme Mayugo.
Authors: Huerta Ricard
Published: December 2018

Durante una estancia de investigación en la Universitat de Barcelona, y con el asesoramiento impagable del profesor Fernando Hernández, pude acercarme a una realidad que me resultó fascinante: los nuevos modelos de mediación educativa que están funcionando en esta ciudad de efervescencias culturales. Las personas a quienes llegué a entrevistar me mostraron un panorama riquísimo y diverso, algo que todavía tiene más mérito si valoramos la situación de crisis que tan duramente ha afectado a los sectores culturales catalanes en general debido a las represalias por el denominado “procés”. Entre las profesionales entrevistadas está Carme Mayugo, una pionera del cine educativo, con quien pude compartir experiencias. Considero que las aportaciones de Mayugo son muy consistentes, tanto por la experiencia acumulada durante décadas por esta gran profesional, como por su propio relato personal, un relato que refleja una realidad nada fácil para quienes nos dedicamos a la cultura, las artes y la educación.
Sustentabilidade na supressão de florestas para fins de mineração em área de domínio da Mata Atlântica
Authors: Bizawu Kiwonghi , Iasbik Thaís Aldred
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a questão do bioma e da Mata Atlântica à luz da legislação que confere sua proteção no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, e também no estado de Minas Gerais, considerando a mineração no referido bioma. Utilizar-se-ão a pesquisa exploratória e  o método hipotético dedutivo. Concluir-se-á com a afirmação de que a supressão de vegetação de Mata Atlântica em virtude do desenvolvimento de atividades minerárias na respectiva área, é compatível com a sustentabilidade ambiental, de acordo com as regras definidas pela legislação vigente.
Uzaktan Manyetik Algılamada Manyetik Sensörlerin Hassasiyet Analizi
Authors: ÇITAK Hakan
Published: December 2018

Son zamanlarda yapılan uzaktan algılama çalışmaları,
düşük güç tüketimi, düşük fiyat, çevresel değişimlerden etkilenmeme, yüksek
hassasiyet, yüksek güvenilirlik ve sağlamlık üzerinedir. Uzaktan manyetik
algılama için kullanılan manyetik sensörler arasında; bobin, GMR, AMR, Fluxgate,
Hall ve Squid sensörler yer almaktadır. Sensörün hassasiyeti ile fiyatı
arasında ters orantı mevcuttur. Bu yüzden algılama mesafesine göre manyetik
sensör ile maliyeti arasında optimum bir orantı kurmak gerekmektedir. Bu
çalışmada 1200 sarımlı demir çekirdekli bir bobinin 1 A’lik AC akımda oluşturduğu
manyetik alanın, GMR etki gösteren AC20 (Co0.94Fe0.06)72.5Mo12.5B15)
amorf tel ve bobin sensörle algılanabilme mesafesi ile birlikte çözünürlüğü
arasındaki farkların belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda sensörlerin
konum kontrollü hareketi için 2D tarayıcı sistem tasarlanıp imal edilmiş ve
sensörlerin aynı manyetik alan içindeki performansları makale kapsamında
ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmıştır.
Mangan Dioksit (MnO2) Katkılı Üç Boyutlu Köpüksü Yapıda Grafen Yapılarının Üretilmesi ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: KASAP Sibel
Published: December 2018

Günümüzde,
üç boyutlu köpük benzeri grafen yapıları, benzersiz özellikleri nedeniyle yeni
nesil malzemeler olarak büyük ilgi görmektedir. Özellikle bu malzemelerin iyi
tanımlanmış birbirine bağlı yapıları nedeniyle bu malzemeler, özel uygulamalar
için metal oksit, polimergibi  başka
malzemelerle kolaylıkla birleştirilebilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada MnO2 katkılı
üç boyutlu köpük benzeri grafen yapıları. CVD yöntemi ve hidrotermal yöntem kullanılarak
üretilmiştir. Raman ve XRD sonuçları MnO2 / grafen kompozitlerin
morfolojisini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, SEM görüntüleri katkılanan MnO2 parçacıklarının
iğne benzeri bir yapıya  sahip olduğunu
ve grafen iskeleti üzerinde kümelenerek ortaya çıktığını göstermiştir. Elde
edilen bu sonuçlar,  için MnO2
/ grafen kompozitlerinin elektrokimyasal uygulamalar için elektrot olarak
potansiyel kullanımının olduğunu göstermiştir
Listening in the Field
Authors: Bruyninckx Joeri
Published: December 2018

The transformation of sound recording into a scientific technique in the study of birdsong, as biologists turned wildlife sounds into scientific objects.

Scientific observation and representation tend to be seen as exclusively visual affairs. But scientists have often drawn on sensory experiences other than the visual. Since the end of the nineteenth century, biologists have used a variety of techniques to register wildlife sounds. In this book, Joeri Bruyninckx describes the evolution of sound recording into a scientific technique for studying the songs and calls of wild birds and asks, what it means to listen to animal voices as a scientist.

The practice of recording birdsong took shape at the intersection of popular entertainment and field ornithology, turning recordings into objects of investigation and popular fascination. Shaped by the technologies and interests of amateur naturalism and music teaching, radio broadcasting and gramophone production, hobby electronics and communication engineering, birdsong recordings traveled back and forth between scientific and popular domains, to appear on gramophone recordings, radio broadcasts, and movie soundtracks.

Bruyninckx follows four technologies—the musical score, the electric microphone, the portable magnetic tape recorder, and the sound

spectrograph—through a cultural history of field recording and scientific listening. He chronicles a period when verbal descriptions, musical notations, and onomatopoeic syllables represented birdsong and shaped a community of listeners; later electric recordings struggled with notions of fidelity, realism, objectivity, and authenticity; scientists, early citizen scientists, and the recording industry negotiated recording exchange; and trained listeners complemented the visual authority of spectrographic laboratory analyses. This book reveals a scientific process fraught with conversions, between field and laboratory, sound and image, science and its various audiences.
Money, Payments, and Liquidity
Authors: Rocheteau Guillaume , Nosal Ed
Published: December 2018

A new edition of a book presenting a unified framework for studying the role of money and liquid assets in the economy, revised and updated.

In Money, Payments, and Liquidity, Guillaume Rocheteau and Ed Nosal provide a comprehensive investigation into the economics of money, liquidity, and payments by explicitly modeling the mechanics of trade and its various frictions (including search, private information, and limited commitment). Adopting the last generation of the New Monetarist framework developed by Ricardo Lagos and Randall Wright, among others, Nosal and Rocheteau provide a dynamic general equilibrium framework to examine the frictions in the economy that make money and liquid assets play a useful role in trade. They discuss such topics as cashless economies; the properties of an asset that make it suitable to be used as a medium of exchange; the optimal monetary policy and the cost of inflation; the coexistence of money and credit; and the relationships among liquidity, asset prices, monetary policy; and the different measures of liquidity in over-the-counter markets.

The second edition has been revised to reflect recent progress in the New Monetarist approach to payments and liquidity. Rocheteau and Nosal have added three new chapters: on unemployment and payments, on asset price dynamics and bubbles, and on crashes and recoveries in over-the-counter markets. The chapter on the role of money has been entirely rewritten, adopting a mechanism design approach. Other chapters have been revised and updated, with new material on credit economies under limited commitment, open-market operations and liquidity traps, and the limited pledgeability of assets under informational frictions.
Contiguity Theory
Authors: Richards Norvin
Published: December 2018

An argument that the word order of a given language is largely predictable from independently observable facts about its phonology and morphology.

Languages differ in the types of overt movement they display. For example, some languages (including English) require subjects to move to a preverbal position, while others (including Italian) allow subjects to remain postverbal. In its current form, Minimalism offers no real answer to the question of why these different types of movements are distributed among languages as they are. In Contiguity Theory, Norvin Richards argues that there are universal conditions on morphology and phonology, particularly in how the prosodic structures of language can be built, and that these universal structures interact with language-specific properties of phonology and morphology. He argues that the grammar begins the construction of phonological structure earlier in the derivation than previously thought, and that the distribution of overt movement operations is largely determined by the grammar's efforts to construct this structure. Rather than appealing to diacritic features, the explanations will generally be rooted in observable phenomena.

Richards posits a different kind of relation between syntax and morphology than is usually found in Minimalism. According to his Contiguity Theory, if we know, for example, what inflectional morphology is attached to the verb in a given language, and what the rules are for where stress is placed in the verb, then we will know where the verb goes in the sentence. Ultimately, the goal is to construct a theory in which a complete description of the phonology and morphology of a given language is also a description of its syntax.
Open Space
Authors: Borowitz Mariel
Published: December 2018

An examination of environmental satellite data sharing policies, offering a model of data-sharing policy development, case and practical recommendations for increasing global data sharing.

Key to understanding and addressing climate change is continuous and precise monitoring of environmental conditions. Satellites play an important role in collecting climate data, offering comprehensive global coverage that can't be matched by in situ observation. And yet, as Mariel Borowitz shows in this book, much satellite data is not freely available but restricted; this remains true despite the data-sharing advocacy of international organizations and a global open data movement. Borowitz examines policies governing the sharing of environmental satellite data, offering a model of data-sharing policy development and applying it in case studies from the United States, Europe, and Japan—countries responsible for nearly half of the unclassified government Earth observation satellites.

Borowitz develops a model that centers on the government agency as the primary actor while taking into account the roles of such outside actors as other government officials and non-governmental actors, as well as the economic, security, and normative attributes of the data itself. The case studies include the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS); the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT); and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA). Finally, she considers the policy implications of her findings for the future and provides recommendations on how to increase global sharing of satellite data.
Heteromation, and Other Stories of Computing and Capitalism
Authors: Ekbia Hamid R. , Nardi Bonnie A.
Published: December 2018

An exploration of a new division of labor between machines and humans, in which people provide value to the economy with little or no compensation.

The computerization of the economy—and everyday life—has transformed the division of labor between humans and machines, shifting many people into work that is hidden, poorly compensated, or accepted as part of being a “user” of digital technology. Through our clicks and swipes, logins and profiles, emails and posts, we are, more or less willingly, participating in digital activities that yield economic value to others but little or no return to us. Hamid Ekbia and Bonnie Nardi call this kind of participation—the extraction of economic value from low-cost or free labor in computer-mediated networks—“heteromation.” In this book, they explore the social and technological processes through which economic value is extracted from digitally mediated work, the nature of the value created, and what prompts people to participate in the process.

Arguing that heteromation is a new logic of capital accumulation, Ekbia and Nardi consider different kinds of heteromated labor: communicative labor, seen in user-generated content on social media; cognitive labor, including microwork and self-service; creative labor, from gaming environments to literary productions; emotional labor, often hidden within paid jobs; and organizing labor, made up of collaborative groups such as citizen scientists. Ekbia and Nardi then offer a utopian vision: heteromation refigured to bring end users more fully into the prosperity of capitalism.
When Things Don't Fall Apart
Authors: Grabel Ilene
Published: December 2018

An account of the significant though gradual, uneven, disconnected, ad hoc, and pragmatic innovations in global financial governance and developmental finance induced by the global financial crisis.

In When Things Don't Fall Apart, Ilene Grabel challenges the dominant view that the global financial crisis had little effect on global financial governance and developmental finance. Most observers discount all but grand, systemic ruptures in institutions and policy. Grabel argues instead that the global crisis induced inconsistent and ad hoc discontinuities in global financial governance and developmental finance that are now having profound effects on emerging market and developing economies. Grabel's chief normative claim is that the resulting incoherence in global financial governance is productive rather than debilitating. In the age of productive incoherence, a more complex, dense, fragmented, and pluripolar form of global financial governance is expanding possibilities for policy and institutional experimentation, policy space for economic and human development, financial stability and resilience, and financial inclusion. Grabel draws on key theoretical commitments of Albert Hirschman to cement the case for the productivity of incoherence. Inspired by Hirschman, Grabel demonstrates that meaningful change often emerges from disconnected, erratic, experimental, and inconsistent adjustments in institutions and policies as actors pragmatically manage in an evolving world.

Grabel substantiates her claims with empirically rich case studies that explore the effects of recent crises on networks of financial governance (such as the G-20); transformations within the IMF; institutional innovations in liquidity support and project finance from the national to the transregional levels; and the “rebranding” of capital controls. Grabel concludes with a careful examination of the opportunities and risks associated with the evolutionary transformations underway.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Foolproof, and Other Mathematical Meditations
Authors: Hayes Brian
Published: December 2018

A non-mathematician explores mathematical terrain, reporting accessibly and engagingly on topics from Sudoku to probability.

Brian Hayes wants to convince us that mathematics is too important and too much fun to be left to the mathematicians. Foolproof, and Other Mathematical Meditations is his entertaining and accessible exploration of mathematical terrain both far-flung and nearby, bringing readers tidings of mathematical topics from Markov chains to Sudoku. Hayes, a non-mathematician, argues that mathematics is not only an essential tool for understanding the world but also a world unto itself, filled with objects and patterns that transcend earthly reality. In a series of essays, Hayes sets off to explore this exotic terrain, and takes the reader with him.

Math has a bad reputation: dull, difficult, detached from daily life. As a talking Barbie doll opined, “Math class is tough.” But Hayes makes math seem fun. Whether he's tracing the genealogy of a well-worn anecdote about a famous mathematical prodigy, or speculating about what would happen to a lost ball in the nth dimension, or explaining that there are such things as quasirandom numbers, Hayes wants readers to share his enthusiasm. That's why he imagines a cinematic treatment of the discovery of the Riemann zeta function (“The year: 1972. The scene: Afternoon tea in Fuld Hall at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey”), explains that there is math in Sudoku after all, and describes better-than-average averages. Even when some of these essays involve a hike up the learning curve, the view from the top is worth it.
Data Science
Authors: Kelleher John D. , Tierney Brendan
Published: December 2018

A concise introduction to the emerging field of data science, explaining its evolution, relation to machine learning, current uses, data infrastructure issues, and ethical challenges.

The goal of data science is to improve decision making through the analysis of data. Today data science determines the ads we see online, the books and movies that are recommended to us online, which emails are filtered into our spam folders, and even how much we pay for health insurance. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers a concise introduction to the emerging field of data science, explaining its evolution, current uses, data infrastructure issues, and ethical challenges.

It has never been easier for organizations to gather, store, and process data. Use of data science is driven by the rise of big data and social media, the development of high-performance computing, and the emergence of such powerful methods for data analysis and modeling as deep learning. Data science encompasses a set of principles, problem definitions, algorithms, and processes for extracting non-obvious and useful patterns from large datasets. It is closely related to the fields of data mining and machine learning, but broader in scope. This book offers a brief history of the field, introduces fundamental data concepts, and describes the stages in a data science project. It considers data infrastructure and the challenges posed by integrating data from multiple sources, introduces the basics of machine learning, and discusses how to link machine learning expertise with real-world problems. The book also reviews ethical and legal issues, developments in data regulation, and computational approaches to preserving privacy. Finally, it considers the future impact of data science and offers principles for success in data science projects.
Making Design Theory
Authors: Redström Johan
Published: December 2018

A new approach to theory development for practice-driven research, proposing that theory is something made in and through design.

Tendencies toward “academization” of traditionally practice-based fields have forced design to articulate itself as an academic discipline, in theoretical terms. In this book, Johan Redström offers a new approach to theory development in design research–one that is driven by practice, experimentation, and making. Redström does not theorize from the outside, but explores the idea that, just as design research engages in the making of many different kinds of things, theory might well be one of those things it is making.

Redström proposes that we consider theory not as stable and constant but as something unfolding—something acted as much as articulated, inherently fluid and transitional. Redström describes three ways in which theory, in particular formulating basic definitions, is made through design: the use of combinations of fluid terms to articulate issues; the definition of more complex concepts through practice; and combining sets of definitions made through design into “programs.” These are the building blocks for creating conceptual structures to support design.

Design seems to thrive on the complexities arising from dichotomies: form and function, freedom and method, art and science. With his idea of transitional theory, Redström departs from the traditional academic imperative to pick a side—theory or practice, art or science. Doing so, he opens up something like a design space for theory development within design research.
Coping with Illness Digitally
Authors: Rains Stephen A.
Published: December 2018

An examination of “digital coping” involving the use of communication technologies, particularly social media, in responding to illness.

Communication technologies have become a valuable resource for responding to the profound challenges posed by illness. Medical websites make it possible to find information about specific health conditions, e-mail provides a means to communicate with health care providers, social network sites can be used to solidify existing relationships, online communities provide opportunities for expanding support networks, and blogs offer a forum for articulating illness-related experiences. In this book, Stephen Rains examines this kind of “digital coping” involving the use of communication technologies, particularly social media, in responding to illness. Synthesizing a diverse body of existing empirical research, Rains offers the first book-length exploration of what it means to cope with illness digitally.

Rains examines the implications of digital communication technologies on a series of specific challenges raised by illness and discusses the unique affordances of these technologies as coping resources. He considers patients' motivations for forging relationships online and the structure of those networks; the exchange of social support and the outcomes of sharing illness experiences; online health information searches by patients and surrogates; the effects of Internet use on patient-provider communication; and digital coping mechanisms for end-of-life and bereavement, including telehospice, social media memorials, and online grief support. Finally, Rains presents an original model of digital coping that builds on issues discussed to summarize how and with what effects patients use communication technologies to cope with illness.