bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Cell Wall Microstructure of Aluminum Foams Produced by Melt Foaming and Gas Injection Foaming Processes
Authors: Zhou Yu Tong , Li Yan Xiang , Liu Xing Nan , Yuan Wen Wen
Published: October 2013

Aluminum foams from A356 base alloy were produced by both the melt foaming process and gas injection foaming process. A comparison of microstructures between the two kinds of aluminum foams was carried out. The related causes were analyzed to form the difference in microstructure. Results indicate that aluminum foams produced by different processes are distinct in metallurgical structure. The average thickness of cell wall, the species and area fraction of secondary phases or particles and other metallurgical features have been all comparatively studied. The difference in microstructure features of the cell walls will also make the aluminum foams different in mechanical properties. Therefore, we need to select proper foaming process for aluminum foams according to the property requirements in practical application.
CNC Machining Based on UG for Stamping Die of Waveform Spring
Authors: Liu Hong , Luo Li Li
Published: October 2013

In this paper, for the large scale production demand of waveform spring, it combines UG advantage of complex surface modeling and computer numerical control (CNC) machining, uses this way of surface modeling method of bicubic B-spline to establish the stamping die geometry model for the need of waveform spring production. And from a process point of view, it analyzes the key issues of die CNC machining to achieve the selection of optimal small tool radius, tool path rational planning and rough finishing parameters set. The application results show that: the shape precision of die surface could meet the design requirements and could achieve the precision stamping of waveform spring.
N-C Lathe Cutting Force Measurement Research
Authors: Shao Ming Xi , Zhang Xiu Mei
Published: October 2013

through the use of single-chip microcomputer measurement CNC lathe cutting force, this paper focuses on the single chip microcomputer to implement continuous automatic sampling, A/D conversion, scale transformation and data processing methods. Introduces the principle of the measurement and control system, structure and data acquisition part of the program.
Pipe Length Limit Analysis to Tunnel Vertical Well of Natural Gas Pipeline
Authors: Tian Xin , Ren Chi Yuan
Published: October 2013

In practical applications, often using natural gas pipeline through the pipe shaft way, so conditions for shaft pipe stress analysis has a very important practical significance and economic value, and limit the tube length calculation is one of the key issues. Take advantage of this stress analysis software, combined with program design, the shaft condition of the pipeline depth simulation. The results show that: gas pipeline tunnel shaft limit pipe length and pipe material, wall thickness and operating conditions are closely related, the greater the steel yield strength and wall thickness, the smaller the operating pressure, the longer the tube length limit. In the actual design pipeline crossing, it should fully take into account the limits of the tube length limit, the limit calculated under different conditions, to ensure the normal operation of gas pipelines provide pipeline reliability and economic benefits.
Modeling and Simulation of Gait Analysis of Hexapod Robot
Authors: Yan Bing Bing , Li Yang , Ren Wen Bo , Yin Bao Lin
Published: October 2013

In order to solve the key issues such as the improvement of the movement smoothness of the center of mass and the movement coordination of each joint of the legs in the process the movement of the bionic hexapod robot, etc., establish bionic hexapod robot simulation model jointly by observing the movement characteristics and structural characteristics of the hexapod beetle and using three-dimensional modeling software SOLIDWORKS and mechanical system dynamics simulation software ADAMS and build the legs dynamic contact and collision model with the ground through the applied force constraint of ADAMS. Ultimately, form the global dynamics simulation model of the robot. Using the model the triangle gait of bionic hexapod robot is analyze, especially the straight and turning gait, which proves that the movement of robot is stable. The results lay the foundation for the further study and optimization of the bionic hexapod robot.
Thermal Design of Automotive Headlamp with High Power LED
Authors: Wang Jing , Cai Yi Xi , Zhang Chun , Zhao Xin Jie , Li Xiao Hua , Wang Jing
Published: October 2013

With an urgent need for energy conservation and pollution reduction, the trend of replacing traditional incandescent or fluorescent lamps with high-power LEDs is growing more and more popular. However, heat dissipation of high-power LED is the main bottleneck for its application. In this research, a kind of automotive headlamp low beam system model is designed with high power LED chips. Several different cooling devices are designed for headlamp cooling, the heat dissipation performances are simulated and analyzed both by the finite volume method (FVM) in FloEFD and experimental measurements. The obtained results indicate that loop heat pipe combined with fined heat sink is the most effective way for heat dissipation in the designed automotive low beam system, even in 80¡æ environmental temperature can ensure the LED headlamp system working stability. The research lays a theoretical basis for the follow-up study.
Optimization of Pin-Fin for Electronic Cooling Using Entropy Generation Minimization
Authors: Ding Chen , Liu Meng , Wang Jun
Published: October 2013

This study presents the optimization of the geometry of pin-fin heat sink with un-uniform fin dimensions. A procedure is presented to find the optimum geometry of pin-fin with un-uniform fin heights and widths. It is concluded that the highest temperature is lower and the temperature gradient is smaller in the optimum geometry, and the fin heights and widths near the central part of the heat sink are higher and wider than the fins at the edge. As the total volume of fins increases, the entropy generation decreases while the decreasing rate slows down.
Investigation of the Electric Vehicle Motor Constant Power Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Huan Huan , Ye Ke Bao , Yang Guo Ping
Published: October 2013

The characteristics of traction motor for electric vehicle is introduced here. The qualitative analysis on the relation between the base speed ratio and power is showed. The emphasis is on the analysis and comparison for permanent magnet brushless DC motor, induction motor and switched reluctance motor.
The Start-Up of A/O Biofilm Process with Silicon-Based Zeolite Filter Material
Authors: Wang Juan Ting , Yu Yan Zhen , Zhao You Heng
Published: October 2013

The paper studies the start-up of A/O bio-filter and seeks the reasonable index for the judgment of the start-up, providing the theory basis for the start-up of A/O bio-filter with silicon-based zeolite filter material. The study makes use of the natural start-up compound with inoculum start-up. The experiment analyzed the biofilm in the start-up of A /O bio-filter with silicon-based zeolite Filter Material by measuring the changes of ammonia, COD and biological phase adhering to silicon-based zeolite surface. Compared with the hypoxia microorganisms, aerobic microbial easy to culture. The start-up time of aerobic column is about 27 days, and the start-up time of anaerobic column is about 43 days.
Research on ACO Algorithm Based on Scholarship Mechanism
Authors: Xia Hui
Published: October 2013

Currently ,most of traditional Ant Colony Optimization algorithms that we are using were proved to be some critical issues, such as slow convergence and long time computation, search stagnation etc. A new improved ACO algorithm based on scholarship mechanism to balance between the search data processing and stagnation was addressed.Besides,the improved ACO alorithm was deeply analyzed and proved that the optimal solution can maintain ability for other path detection.The theoretical analysis and comparative experiments demonstrate that the imroved ACO has much better performance and can be used to solve the problems of convergence and search stagnation efficiently.
Maintaining and Updating the Storing Data by the Control Points
Authors: Mimorov I. , Livshits I. , Vasilev V.
Published: October 2013

This paper describes the new method that improves the processing and storing of data, which was used during the development of distance teaching system. Usage of a modern methodologies and good practice has reduced the time cost for working with information, helps to identify the out of day information, operate potential risks and shows how to receive competitive advantages.
Preparation of Nanometric Mixed Crystals of TiO2 by TiCl4 and TiCl3
Authors: Lu Ting , Xu Chang Chun
Published: October 2013

The nanometric mixed crystals of rutile and anatase TiO2 also could be prepared by homogeneous precipitation method using both TiCl4 and TiCl3 as titanium source. The effects of hard point, the ratio of TiCl4 to TiCl3and reaction time on the ratio of nanometer TiO2 mix-crystals and photo catalysis were studied. The prepared samples were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The results show that nanometer TiO2 mix-crystal with good photo catalytic activity and storage stability can be obtained under the reaction conditions: The ratio of TiCl4 to TiCl3 is 4 to 1, pH=0.5, normal pressure, 95°C for 6 hours. The prepared nanometer TiO2 mix-crystal consisting of anatase of 63.9 wt.% and rutile of 36.1 wt.% is circle with an average size of 25 nm.
Robust Control of Uncertain Singular Systems with Distributed Delays
Authors: Li Yan Bo , Li Bi Rong
Published: October 2013

Robust control for a class of singular systems with distributed delaysand uncertainties is researched. Firstly, a linear state-feedback controller isdesigned. Secondly, without model transformation and matrices decomposition, Asufficient condition for the studied systems, which makes sure the systems tobe regular, impulse free and asymptotically stable, is given by constructingthe appropriate Lyapunov functionals in terms of linear matrixinequalities(LMIs) method and integral inequality technique. The obtained results can be shown in LMIs andsovled easily by LMI toolbox in Matlab. At last, A numerical example is givento illustrate the validity of the method
Palmprint Authentication Based on DCT-Based Watermarking
Authors: Yu Peng Fei , Yu Peng Cheng , Xu Dan
Published: October 2013

With the rapid development of biometric technology, the security issues have drawn people's greater attention because some biometric features are Easy to forge and are not replaceable. As a result, the security issue of biometric system extremely critical to be solved. In this paper, we introduce a public watermarking algorithm which is based on Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT). By using the proposed algorithm, the finger geometry is embedded into the region of interest (ROI) of palmprint image. This method has the ability to increase the security of both the palmprint image and the finger geometry. Experimental results performed on a database of 86 hands (10 impressions per hand) show that the proposed algorithm is effective, and the watermarking operation has little impact on the recognition performance.
Format Optimization for Periodical Snapshot Output in CFD Simulation
Authors: Ren Xiao Guang , Tang Yu Hua , Xu Xin Hai
Published: October 2013

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation often needs to periodically output the intermediate results to files in the form of snapshots for visualization or restart, which seriously impacts the performance. Traditional CFD simulation takes ASCII format with typesetting in the snapshot output process, which results in precision loss of the data in the snapshot array and more storage space occupancy than the original binary format. In this paper, we propose the binary non-typesetting format optimization for the snapshot output in CFD simulation, aiming at eliminating the impact of ASCII format. In our optimization method, the snapshot array is output in binary format without typesetting. On one hand, it reserves the original binary precision in the output files, while the ASCII format always has precision loss, which seriously impacts the accuracy of CFD simulation; On the other hand, non-typesetting provide the opportunity of output the snapshot as a continuous memory block, which will signally improve the efficiency of the output. We design the multiply output mode framework for CFD applications through the combination of ASCII typesetting format and binary non-typesetting format. We implement this multiply output mode framework in the open source CFD software OpenFOAM. Experimental results on Tianhe-2 supercomputer demonstrate that our binary non-typesetting format optimization technique can achieve good optimization effect for the periodical snapshot output in CFD application.
Design of Visual Interface for Underwater Robot Control Based on VC ++
Authors: Kong Xiang Hong , Guo Yang Xue , Chen Xin Jun , Qian Wei Guo , Liu Yan , Wang Hu
Published: October 2013

To visualize the conditionson the sea bed. People created the robot which could move under water. Theunderwater robot control system usually consists of the host computer,interactive interface and lower machine. This paper mainly designed underwaterrobots interactive interface based on QT software in VC++ developmentenvironment, exploiting the distance measurement principle of ultrasonic andcollect information . Underwater robot feedback information mainly includescurrent velocity, distance between the front obstacle and a travelinglocus. Important ocean environmentparameter will be represented visually by analyzing forming three-dimensionalchart after the simulation by MATLAB, even the environmental factor ofSeafloor.
Real-Time Driver Fatigue Detection Based on Eye State Recognition
Authors: Sun Chao , Li Jian Hua , Song Yang , Jin Lai
Published: October 2013

One of the important causes of traffic accidents is driver fatigue. In this paper, a new real-time non-intrusive method to detect driver fatigue is proposed. Firstly, face region is detected by AdaBoost algorithm because of its robustness. Then a region of interest of the eye is defined based on face geometry. In this region, eye pupil is precisely located by radial symmetry transform. With principal component analysis (PCA), three eigen spaces are trained to recognize eye states. Open, closed eye samples and other non-eye samples in the face region are used to get these eigen spaces. At last, PERCLOS and consecutive eye closure time are adopted to detect driver fatigue. Experiments with thirty two participants in realistic driving condition show the reliability and the robustness of our system.
The Research and Design of Data Aggregation Technique in WSNs
Authors: Rao Qi , Wang Jin Long
Published: October 2013

Data aggregation technique is widely used for its advantages in reducing data throughput and avoiding collision. Meanwhile, it also introduces some additional security concerns. So it is meaningful to research secure data aggregation. We firstly introduced the related concepts and key technologies of WSNs secure data aggregation. Then an effective data aggregation algorithm (EDAA) is proposed after the SMART algorithm is analyzed. The algorithm is simulated in NS2 software, and the result shows that the data aggregation algorithm EDAA can effectively reduce the transmission costs and the energy consumption of nodes
Study on Molecular Weight of Natural Rubber with Different Initial Moisture Contents Dried by Microwave
Authors: Zhang Fu Quan , Wang Yong Zhou , Chen Mei , Huang Mao Fang
Published: October 2013

In this article, the molecular weight of wet Natural Rubber (NR) with different initial moisture contents, 3.80%, 10.05%, 19.76%, respectively, dried by microwave at frequency of 2450MHz was investigated using GPC. It can be seen from the results that an obvious trend of Mnand Mw changes was presented. With the increment of initial moisture contents, Mnand Mw decreased gradually. The molecular weight distribution (d) increased with the initial moisture contents increment, but quite closer to each other.
An Automatical Matching Method Applied in Kinematics Measurement for the Flapping Rotary Wing
Authors: Chen Fang , Wu Jiang Hao , Zhou Chao , Zhang Yan Lai
Published: October 2013

In this paper, a method to track marked points on the wings automatically to describe the wing kinematics in the coupled wing motion of flapping, pitching and rotating is introduced. The marked points on the surface of wings as tracking targets are determined, detected and matched by using digital image processing techniques. Three dimensions coordinates in marked points can be reconstructed by integrated 2D coordinates from multi-camera images and cameras calibration. By this method, it is shown in one flapping cycle, the trend of flapping angular speed various with time is approximate trapezoid function; the pitch angle changes rapidly; the rotation speed fast enhances 3.5 times as flapping frequency increase only 45%. It is possible aerodynamic effective can be improved remarkably.
An Analysis of Algebraic Reasoning Test of the Life Situation of Multiple-Representation by Using Grey Relational to Assess
Authors: Ma Hsiu Lan , Jen Chin I , Cheng Yu Kuang , Wu Der Bang
Published: October 2013

This study uses Grey relational analysis (GRA) to evaluate a portion of the algebraic reasoning that uses multiple-representation of the life situation of multiple-representations. Current results of this study not only identify the easiest and hardest questions for students, but also show how proposed GRA provides a novel approach to educational testing.
The Judgment of Algebraic Immunity and Resilience of Balanced H Boolean Functions
Authors: Huang Jing Lian , Wang Zhuo , Liu Ya Jing
Published: October 2013

Using the derivative of the Boolean function and the e-derivative defined by ourselves as main research tools, we study the relationship among e-derivative, algebraic immunity and resilience of balanced H Boolean functions.We get some theorems which connect algebraic immunity, annihilators, resilience, derivative and e-derivative of balanced H Boolean functions together. Besides, we also get the judgment of algebraic immunity and resilience for three classes of balanced Boolean functions by the e-derivative.
Robust Control Techniques Applied to the Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process
Authors: Romero G. , Palacios A. , Rivera J. , Pérez I. , Lara D. , Rivera J. , Arredondo J.
Published: October 2013

This paper presents new results to compute the time-delay margin of the hot-dip galvanizing control system. Compared to previous works on this issue, this paper considers a mathematical model of the plant with two inputs and one output. The inputs are used to regulate the output, which represents the Zinc mass coating of steel strip. To achieve this objective, a multivariable PI controller is used, this controller is tuned applying the well known Ziegler and Nichols method, and then the maximum time-delay is computed in order to guarantee the stability property of the close loop control system. The work bases its results on a transformation of the time-delay operator and it is performed in order to get a two variable polynomial; after this, to obtain the robust stability property, a result based on the Hurwitz
matrix is applied.
Pressure Control Technology of DDVC Gas Regulating System for Butterfly Valve
Authors: Wang Zhi , Ran Xiang Tao , Lu Cheng Jie , Yang Li , Wang Cheng Xiang
Published: October 2013

For the problem needed to solve during the process of steel cycle power generation, a set of pressure regulating system driven by step motor was designed based on direct-drive volume control (DDVC). An incremental fuzzy PID controller was developed for this system. Then the dynamic characteristics were simulated in Matlab/simulink. The results show that: compared with the simulation curve controlled by traditional PID, this regulating system can achieve better performance by fuzzy PID.
Development of a High Precision Silicone Rubber Mold for Cylinder Block
Authors: Kuo Chil Chyuan , Wang Ying Jie , Shi Zhong Sheng
Published: October 2013

This work demonstrates a technique for producing accurate wax patterns made from a high precision silicone rubber mold. Silicon rubber mold was cut into five components, which is the minimum number of components for assembling the silicone rubber mold. The advantages of this silicon rubber mold include savings in assembly time, reduction of human error while assembling the silicone rubber mold and good assembly precision. The shrinkage of critical dimensions can be controlled within 2.19%. Results reported here can speed up the velocity in the development of a new cylinder block in the motorcycle industry.
Development of a Low-Cost Automatic Vacuum Degassing System for Rapid Tooling
Authors: Kuo Chil Chyuan , Wu Min Hsiang , Lai Ming Yang
Published: October 2013

Silicone rubber mold is frequently used in the indirect tooling. Automatic vacuum casting system is widely used to degas in the manufacturing of silicone rubber mold, but the cost of hardware is very expensive. A low-cost automatic vacuum degassing system is designed, build and test in this study. Optimized parameters for degassing process are investigated. The saving in the degassing time is about 23.4%.This system offers many advantages such as reducing human error of operator, reducing noise and air pollutions derived from the vacuum pump of the vacuum casting system.
System Dynamics Analysis and Mode-Switch Control for a 3-Mode Range-Extender Electric Vehicle
Authors: Hung Yi Hsuan , Wu Chien Hsun , Lin Chun Ying , Tung Yu Ming
Published: October 2013

This paper studies the system modeling and mode-switch control for a novel 3-mode (serial/parallel/pure electric) range-extender electric vehicle (REEV). The REEV is modeled with low-order dynamics of 8 subsystems: the driving pattern, drivers behavior, lithium batteries, a spark-ignition engine, a traction motor, a generator, a 6-speed transmission, and a longitudinal vehicle dynamics. Dynamics of the REEV is the integration of above subsystems. To properly evaluate the system performance of the REEV, a rule-based mode-switch control rule is designed with 7 operation modes (System Ready, EV, Serial, Coast Down, Coast-Down Regen., Idle Regen., Parallel). By applying the control rules for the 3-mode REEV, the vehicle can properly operate. Simulation is conducted on the Matlab/Simulink platform. The results show that this study details the system dynamics of subsystems and the vehicle. Meanwhile the rule-based control strategy governs the subsystems well. The developed simulator can be utilized for specification designs of real vehicles and for vehicle control unit designs in the near future.
Manual Assembly Workstation Redesign Based on a New Quantitative Method for Postural Comfort Evaluation
Authors: Naddeo Alessandro , Cappetti Nicola , Califano Rosaria , Vallone Mariarosaria
Published: October 2013

Main purpose of this work is to show how easy and economics an ergonomic/comfort based approach, in re-design a manual assembly workplace, can be; authors, using a new comfort/ergonomic evaluation criterion, analyzed a workstation and identified the critical issues under ergonomic/comfort point of view and finally gave several guidelines to re-design the workplace, implementing minor modification, and improve work-safety, work-quality and productivity. The postural analysis was performed by non-invasive and especially inexpensive methods, based on cameras and video-recorder use and by photogrammetric analysis; DELMIA® DHM software has been used to perform all simulations; comfort analysis was performed by the software developed by researchers of Departments of Industrial Engineering of Salerno: CaMAN®. The test case is an automatic assembly machine that has been modeled and used for virtual postural analysis. Main results of this work can be found in a very good numerical/experimental correlation between acquired/simulated postures and real ones, and on the powerful use of an objective comfort evaluation method, based on biomechanics and posture analysis, for giving to designers the guidelines to re-design a workplace and a work-cycle. This kind of approach seemed to be very powerful in re-designing the work-place and in re-scheduling the work time-sheet because it allowed to improve an ergonomic corrective action with minor costs for company. Obtained results demonstrated the validity of re-design hypotheses through the increase of all comfort indexes and the improvement of workstation/operator productivity.
A Numerical Study on the Influencing Parameters of Tire-Acoustic Cavity
Authors: Bharadwaja B.V.S.S. , Siva Prasad N.
Published: October 2013

With the increase in traffic density and speed of motor vehicles tire noise became an important area of research. A number of researchers have worked in the last decade to understand noise due to tires. It is important to identify different noise generation mechanisms that contribute to the tire noise and find a way to reduce it. In the present study, the noise generated by the acoustic cavity of the tire is taken into consideration. A non-linear finite element (FE) model using Abaqus has been developed for determining the acoustic pressure in the air cavity, when subjected to harmonic excitation. The influence of the inflation pressure and vehicle load on the tire acoustic cavity is studied for a passenger car radial tire (PCR) 175/70R13.
Design of an Innovative Piezoelectric Jacquard Selection Mechanism
Authors: Liu Fu Jun , Yuan Yan Hong
Published: October 2013

Piezoelectric bimorph has the advantages of small size, low power consumption and high operating frequency. Meanwhile, it has the short-comings of small displacement of deformation and weak driving force applying to the load. Piezoelectric bimorph actuators can replace the previous electromagnetic needle selector successfully by means of displacement magnifying mechanism and other auxiliary mechanism. An innovative piezoelectric jacquard selection mechanism has been designed in the paper.
Numerical Dynamic Analysis of a Single Link Soft Robot Finger
Authors: Natarajan Elango , Mohd Faudzi Ahmad Athif , Jeevanantham Viknesh Malliga , Muhammad Razif Muhammad Rusydi , Mohd Nordin Ili Najaa Aimi
Published: October 2013

In this paper, a solid, single link soft robot finger was modeled with SILASTIC P-1 Silicone, supplied by Dow Corning®. The material is anon-linear hyper elastic, strain dependent, room temperature vulcanized (RTV) rubber. When the fingers are actuated for grasping and object manipulation, they vibrate with excessive amplitudes, which will disturb the precise positioning of the fingers. Vibration analysis through numerical simulation was conducted in ANSYS®V12. The first ten fundamental frequencies and their mode shapes were numerically computed and presented from modal analysis. The lowest natural frequency of the finger model was found to be 2.14 Hz. The dynamic stiffness of the finger model was then computed from the natural frequencies. It was found to be nonlinear in nature. The dynamic characteristics of the finger model during the excitation between 1 Hz and 1000 Hz were studied in transient analysis. The peak acceleration occurred at 9.3 Hz, while the peak velocity occurs at 3.75 Hz and 4.8 Hz with the magnitude of 0.013 mm/s.
Applying Technology Acceptance Model to Explore the Adoption of Hydrogen-Electric Motorcycle in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Han Shen
Published: October 2013

With the highest concentration of motorcycles in Asia, Taiwan was caused a major traffic congestion and air pollution. To effectively reduce these environmental burdens, Electric Motorcycle Industry Development and Promotion Plan was passed by Taiwanese government. With this plan, people was encouraged to invest in mass production of electric motorcycles. This paper uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore consumers behavioral intentions and their influencing factors regarding using hydrogen-electric motorcycles. This is a first in hydrogen battery research, and also one of this papers contributions. Results show that consumers' innovativeness towards hydrogen-electric motorcycles does not significantly affect behavioural intentions. To increase customers' behavioural intentions towards hydrogen-electric motorcycles, the customers' innovativeness towards hydrogen-electric motorcycles should be strengthened by motorcycle manufacturers, and perceived risk should be decreased. Then, to improve customers behavioural intentions towards hydrogen-electric motorcycles in the end.
State of the Art Analysis of Device for “CPM” Rehabilitation of Wrist and Hand
Authors: Ragazzo Francesco
Published: October 2013

Human wrist and hand are easy to be injured. Physical rehabilitation therapy after a wrist or hand operation always takes a long time. A CPM machine is a mechanism based on the rehabilitation theory of continuous passive motion (CPM). It is properly applied during the first two stages of stiffness acts to pump blood and edema fluid away from the joint and periarticular tissues. CPM is thus effective in preventing the development of stiffness, if full motion is applied immediately following surgery. This paper shows the state of the art of modern devices used in CPM rehabilitation and, as a conclusion suggests future developments especially focusing the correct methods and exercises for CPM rehabilitation.
Biomechanical Analysis of Starting Action on an Outstanding Short Track Speed Skating Female Athlete
Authors: Zhang Chuan Bo
Published: October 2013

The first three steps of staring action of a superb female athlete, who is in the Short track speed skating teamin Jilin province, were analyzed by Simi motion-Biomechanical Analysis System. Through an Analysis of Parameter by the Theory of Sports Biomechanics, we know the spending time and length of each step of the first three steps. After we compare our local Short Track Speed Skaters with those who are famous in china and the whole world, in the field of Technical characteristics and technical movements of start action, we find that for our local athletes, their consumed time of the first step among the first three steps is more than that spent by excellent Short Track Speed Skating female athletes in Our country and the world, but as for the length, theirs are shorter.
Study on Micro and Nano Structure and Superhydrophobicity for Several Typical Planing Animals Legs
Authors: Wang Qing Cheng , Yang Xiao Dong , Yang Zhuo Juan
Published: October 2013

this paper studied superhydrophobic of water strider, water flies, water mosquitoes and water spiders legs, their contact angle were measured by the contact angle measuring instrumen, which were 161.5°,158.4°, 155.3° and 159.6° respectively, they are all superhydrophobic. Microstructure of water strider, water flies, water mosquitoe and water spiders leg was observed through scanning electron microscopy, It found that 4 typical planing animals leg are composite structure of micron scale and nanoscale, although their forms is different, they have reached the super-hydrophobic effect.
Reducing Air Pollutants through Road Innovative Intersections
Authors: Guerrieri Marco , Corriere Ferdinando , Parla Giuseppe , Vincenzo Dario Di , Messineo Antonio
Published: October 2013

Road pollutant emissions are correlated mainly to infrastructural capacity and to traffic intensity and typology. With the aim to improve road intersections performances in the last years was designed many new geometric layouts, like turbo roundabouts and flower roundabouts. The main objective of this paper is carried out a comparative analysis between conventional and innovative roundabouts in terms of CO, CO2, NO and PM2,5 vehicular emissions, evaluated by means of COPERT Software which is developed as a European tool for the calculation of emissions from the road transport sector.
Calculation of Turbo-Roundabouts with Slip Lanes
Authors: Guerrieri Marco , Corriere Ferdinando
Published: October 2013

A turbo roundabout is a particular type of roundabout where all lanes are bounded by traffic signs and by non-mountable curbs installed at entering and circulating lanes. Turbo roundabouts also have a very particular shape to accomplish the splitting of traffic streams and to prevent cars weaving through. These aspects make turbo-roundabouts more appropriate than roundabouts when a higher level of safety has to be guaranteed, particularly in presence of relevant pedestrian and two-wheels traffic volumes. Only in some traffic conditions, turbo roundabouts can offer higher capacities than conventional double-lanes roundabouts, so if more capacity must be guarantee a bypass lane can be added to the turbo roundabouts layout. This paper presents a closed-form model for the estimation of capacity, delays and level of service of turbo-roundabout equipped with Right-turn bypass lanes, considering the effect of geometric slip lane schemes, control type, vehicular and pedestrian flow.
Case Study for Rectangular Composite Panel Zone
Authors: Jong Wan Hu , Hee Myungjang
Published: October 2013

Concrete-filled-tube (CFT) is steel-concrete composite structure what has the advantage of ductility and high compression. The Steel tube confine the concrete in high compression load and the concrete reduce the local buckling of the tube wall. However, A CFT model is complicated to propose on account of the behavior of the beam-column connection. This paper is mainly performed to investigate connection of bolt that is described on the basis of CFT. The RCFT design is found to derive equation for calculating the yield strength, shear stiffness, and the ultimate shear strength for the composite panel zone. In addition, step-by-step process for connection design will be described in this paper. Finally, RCFT design is applied to the connection of bolt suggested in this study.
Finite Element Model of High-Voltage Transmission Tower Confirmed
Authors: Liu Chun Cheng , Xu Qiang Sheng
Published: October 2013

Model selection is carried out structural analysis Transmission Tower one of the priorities. Through the establishment of traditional beams - truss hybrid model, improved beam - beam hybrid model and frame model, a modeling analysis of angle steel tower cathead. First on the transmission tower modal analysis, and then the common wind conditions and ice conditions of the maximum stress and maximum displacement results are discussed, and then local analysis. Identify similarities and differences between the three models, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the model to meet the design requirements of the situation and the results can be obtained more reasonable feasibility.
Evaluation of Threshold Condition of Interior Annular Crack Growth in Gigacycle Regime
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Ping
Published: October 2013

Gigacycle fatigue properties with interior-induced failure of three high strength steels under different loading conditions were investigated, and an experimental-theoretical method is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the threshold condition of interior crack growth. The entire growth process consists of small crack growth within fine granular area (FGA), stable long crack growth outside of FGA within fish-eye and unstable crack growth outside of fish-eye. Based on the comparison between evaluated and experimental results, the validity of method is verified.
Failure Patterns Analysis of Transmission Tower under Longitudinal Tensions Based on the Finite Element Numerical Simulation
Authors: Hu Xin , Liu Xiang Li , Li Yan Xia
Published: October 2013

In order to study failure mechanism of the transmission tower caused by longitudinal tensions under icing conditions, with the model of # 43 cup-tower in 500kV Warsaw I line accident segment as for example and the software of large general-purpose finite element analysis, respectively, this paper analyzed their failure characteristics under three conditions that is non-uniform ice-coating, asynchronous ice-shedding and excessive icing,obtaining weak locations. The results will provide reference for the designing work of this type towers in transmission line which is auto-ice designing, enhancement, enforcement, transformation and reconstruction.
Study of Characteristics of Partial Discharge for Assessment of Condition of Electrical Insulating Materials of Power Supply System
Authors: Poluyanovich Nikolay K. , Dubyago Marina N.
Published: October 2013

Maintenance of electrical leads to a deterioration of the dielectric properties of high-voltage isolation and failure, so the role of preventive methods of monitoring of electrical insulation condition increases.To determine the remaining life of the cable and effectively determine the location of damage to the cable line (CL) on the need to use non-destructive test method. Relevance of the work is to develop a method for the continuous monitoring of electrical insulation with sufficient technical and economic efficiency. The purpose of the investigation is to improve the reliability of the electrical insulation of power equipment.
Application of HAZOP Study in Key SOP of Oil and Gas Pipelines
Authors: Zheng Deng Feng
Published: October 2013

For long distance oil and gas pipeline system has the characteristics of high accident rate tending to happen in personnel job activity, this paper expounds the necessity and application steps of HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Analysis) analysis for long-distance pipeline system key operation procedure (SOP). The HAZAOP analysis of deviation, causes of deviation, consequences, existing control measures and recommending measures, make the key operating procedure safer, and also contributes to the improvement of the oil and gas pipeline system safety and fitness between operating procedures and hardware facilities. The results of application examples show that HAZOP is able to identify key operating procedure loopholes, helps enterprises optimize key operating procedures, improves the hardware facilities, and has an important role to improve the security of the key operation of oil and gas pipelines.
Key Technology of Explosion Prevention in Air Injection EOR Process
Authors: Wang Feng
Published: October 2013

The article aims at researching on anti-explosion security technique for gas-injection well of air oil drive through the gas associated with crude oil alerting system, and then, making sure safety distance of associated gas explosion. Firstly, experiment the explosion limit of associated gas, then to determine the different alerting threshold and the arrangement of inspection instrument, which are on the basic of different limit requirements of density about gas-injection well head and internal gas-injection well. Secondly, with associated gas explosion in the well, calculate the overpressure of well head through simulation method. Finally, analogy between explosion energy and TNT equivalent, so that determine the level of people casualties and structure breakage for safe distance according to failure criteria of explosive blast.
Analysis on Solar Energy Application Based on a Nonlinear Optimizing Mathematical Model of Photovoltaic Apartment
Authors: Lu Zi Heng , Zhou Xiang Jun , Li Tao , Lu Chun Qi
Published: October 2013

Self-sufficient photovoltaic apartment is a potential market in PV industry. The initial costs and proceeds of a self-breeding photovoltaic apartment are essential to its future application. In order to analysis the feasibility of the photovoltaic apartment, a mathematical model is built. This nonlinear optimizing model includes the selection and laying scheme of PV cells and invertors according to different illumination conditions. Solving the model leads to a NP-completion problem so greedy algorithm is used to calculate the cost, proceed and payback period of photovoltaic apartment. The model is tested upon the meteorological data of Datong City, Shanxi Province. The result shows that the payback period is within 30 years indicating a prospect of PV industry.
Application of Coherency Property of Generator to Analysis of Low-Frequency Oscillation in Power System
Authors: Liu Zhi Jian , Huang Rong , Zhou Shu Ming , Song Qi
Published: October 2013

Coherency is used to characterize the degree of confusion between generators which oscillate against each other, so it can judge the process which generators oscillate from local mode to inter-area mode. The coherency is the value of the direction cosine by using angle of the generators. when the direction cosines of two generator is 1 that indicates the oscillation direction between the two generators is inter-area oscillation mode; when the direction cosines of two generator is-1 that indicates the oscillation direction between the two generators is local oscillation mode. Coherency is affected by speed governing system and excitation system of generator.Using two area systems verifies the theoretical analysis is correct.
A Study of Wave Energy for Electrical Power Generation at Songkla Area in Thailand
Authors: Tangjitsitcharoen Somkiat , Ratanakuakangwan Suthas , Sirisunhirun Sansiri , Fuangworawong Nattadate
Published: October 2013

The aim of this paper is to analyze the investment of the electrical power generation from the wave energy at the Gulf of Thailand in order to develop the electricity production from the wave energy which is green energy. The performance of wave energy converter (WEC) is evaluated at the Songkla area by using the available wave data, which is adopted from the Marine Meteorological Center. There are two parts in this research. The first one is the electrical power calculation which is the calculation of electrical production by using the Pelamis transformer which depends on the significant wave height (Hs) and the wave period (Tp) at the Gulf of Thailand. The other is the economical analysis, which is the key performance indicator by using the benefit to cost ratio (B/C ratio) and the net present value (NPV) to analyze the potential of investment by comparing with the present electrical fee.
Mapping of Offshore Wind Climate and Site Conditions for the Baltic Sea within Latvian Territorial Waters
Authors: Lizuma Lita , Rupainis Sergejs , Teilans Artis
Published: October 2013

The paper describes the assessment and mapping of wind climate and environmental conditions of the study region extending from 56.03N 20.2E to 57.22N 21.33E. Maps of wind resources and environmental conditions are the primary method used for presenting the offshore wind resources as well as site conditions data. A GIS database was chosen to house the offshore resources data because the datasets have a significant spatial component. A visualization of the geospatial data is created using the Google Maps platform. The maps datasets consist of gridded 1) climatological information on wind speed and direction, air temperature, air pressure, wind power potential at 10m, 80m, 90m and 100m height; 2) oceanographical information on water temperature, height and direction of sea waves, speed and direction of currents, ice conditions; 3) geological data on bathymetry and sea sediments. The horizontal resolution of the database grid cells is 5 km by 5 km. All the component datasets are spatially referenced to the same spatial base, allowing rapid indexing of the different datasets to each other. A database user may compare information from different datasets in the same geographic location. The GIS database also allows portions of a dataset to be quickly updated as new information becomes available.
Application of Integrating Seismic Attribute with Simulation in Volcanic Rock Reservoir
Authors: Li Chun Xia , Huang Xu Ri , Zhu Meng Gao , Fan Zhang
Published: October 2013

The conventional reservoir simulation is only reasonably consistent with history matching. An application will be presented in this paper by integrating seismic data and production data to achieve history matching. It is hard to accurately describe the reservoir and fracture modeling due to lack of fracture logging data in volcanic rock reservoir area of Bin 3. The study found that it has a close relationship between the distribution characteristics of volcanic rock and seismic attributes.The high-value region of coherence cube attribute usually correspond to tight basalts, so it is very like a fracture broken zone. With denser lithology and higher impedance value, the high-angle fractures will be better abundant. Great deals of intensive fracture and comprehensive effect have been simulated through volcanic rock reservoir simulation restricted by seismic data. By improving history matching, the approach also deepens the possible distribution pattern of fracture-developed zone in 3D space. On the basis of that, stable and high production wells have been designed and put forward.
Design of Ellipsoidal Specular Reflectors of 70 kW High-Flux Solar Simulator
Authors: Li Zi Jin , Xu Jin Liang
Published: October 2013

With the constraint of maximum light-concentrating efficiency, we designed a condenser for a 70 kW high-flux solar simulator. The mathematical models of the optical condenser unit and system were established to determine the condenser shape parameters.The Monte Carlo ray-tracing method was applied to compute the the light-concentrating efficiency for the condenser. It is shown that the truncation angle is the major parameter to influence the light-concentrating efficiency.When the truncation angle is 60 degrees, the condenser aberration is balanced by the truncation loss to reach the maximum light-concentrating efficiency.
A Tool for Prediction of Biodiesel-Pretrodiesel Blend Ratio
Authors: Jiang Lei , Luo Yong , Wu Wei Hua
Published: October 2013

In this study, commercially available a diesel fuels were blended with the biodiesel produces from two different vegetable oils (sunflower, soybean). The blends (B5, B10, B20, B40, B60, B80) were prepared on a volume. The key fuel properties such as density and viscosities of the blends were measured by following ASTM test methods. Least-squares statistical regression on densities and viscosities data from each of the biodiesel/diesel blend sets revealed highly linear relationships (R2 > 0.99). For all blends, it was found that there is an excellent agreement between the measured and estimated values of the density. The results indicated that accurate prediction of density and viscosities of the blends was most effective when applied to blends prepared from the same fuel-types as the model systems used to develop the predictive equations.
Distribution of Remaining Oil Controlled by Architecture of Sand Body in Meandering Channel
Authors: Hu Rong Qiang , Ma Di , Ma Shi Zhong
Published: October 2013

To study the distribution of remaining oil inside meandering channel sand body, the size of sand body architecture was calculated by the use of sedimentary facies, dense well, river parameters, cores, well logs and other data. The architecture of meandering channel that was crescent-shaped in plane and diagonal type in section was identifiable. On the base of study of architecture, the shielding of interlayer was classified into four types by the observation of oiliness interlayer. Framework of seepage flow was identified in meandering channel sand body. Several lateral accretion bodies between the completely choked interlayer constituted the flow unit. Combined with core analysis, the remaining oil in meandering channel sand body distributed in the upper and the middle of flow unit which did not connect with production well. The oil displacement efficiency in the flow unit was a positive rhythm in the flow unit. The oil displacement efficiency was a high-contrast positive rhythm in the lateral accretion body shielded by completely choked interlayer. That was a low-contrast positive rhythm in the lateral accretion body shielded by partly choked or restricted interlayer. All of these would provide guidance for developing the remaining oil.