bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fluorinated Covalent Organic Framework with Accelerated Oxygen Transfer Nanochannels for High‐Performance Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Cao Qingbin , Wan Lei , Xu Ziang , Kuang Wenmin , Liu Hao , Zhang Xin , Zhang Weili , Lu Yang , Yao Yujian , Wang Baoguo , Liu Kai
Published: February 2023

The establishment of abundant three‐phase interfaces with accelerated mass transfer in air cathodes is highly desirable for the development of high‐rate and long‐cycling rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit tailored nanopore structures, facilitating the rational tuning of their specific properties. Here, by finely tuning the fluorinated nanopores of a COF, a novel air cathode for rechargeable ZABs is unprecedentedly designed and synthesized. COF nanosheets are decorated with fluorinated alkyl chains, which shows high affinity to oxygen (O2), in its nanopores (fluorinated COF). The fluorinated COF nanosheets are stacked into well‐defined O2‐transport channels, which are then assembled into aerophilic “nano‐islands” on the hydrophilic FeNi layered‐double‐hydroxide (FeNi LDH) electrocatalyst surface. Therefore, the mass‐transport “highway” for O2 and water is segregated on the nanoscale, which significantly enlarges the area of three‐phase boundaries and greatly promotes the mass‐transfer therein. ZABs based on the COF‐modified air cathode deliver a small charge/discharge voltage gap (0.64 V at 5 mA cm−2), a peak power density (118 mW cm−2), and a stable cyclability. This work provides a feasible approach for the design of the air cathodes for high‐performance ZABs, and will expand the new application of COFs.
Organic Synthetic Photonic Systems with Reconfigurable Parity–Time Symmetry Breaking for Tunable Single‐Mode Microlasers
Authors: Zhang Chunhuan , Shu Fang‐Jie , Zou Chang‐Ling , Dong Haiyun , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: February 2023

Synthetic photonic materials exploiting the quantum concept of parity–time (PT) symmetry lead to an emerging photonic paradigm—non‐Hermitian photonics, which is revolutionizing the photonic sciences. The non‐Hermitian photonics dealing with the interplay between gain and loss in PT synthetic photonic material systems offers a versatile platform for advancing microlaser technology. However, current PT‐symmetric microcavity laser systems only manipulate imaginary parts of the refractive indices, suffering from limited laser spectral bandwidth. Here, an organic composite material system is proposed to synthesize reconfigurable PT‐symmetric microcavities with controllable complex refractive indices for realizing tunable single‐mode laser outputs. A grayscale electron‐beam direct‐writing technique is elaborately designed to process laser dye‐doped polymer films in one single step into microdisk cavities with periodic gain and loss distribution, which enables thresholdless PT‐symmetry breaking and single‐mode laser operation. Furthermore, organic photoisomerizable compounds are introduced to reconfigure the PT‐symmetric systems in real‐time by tailoring the real refractive index of the polymer microresonators, allowing for a dynamically and continuously tunable single‐mode laser output. This work fundamentally enhances the PT‐symmetric photonic systems for innovative design of synthetic photonic materials and architectures.
Polymeric Photonic Crystal Fibers for Textile Tracing and Sorting
Authors: Iezzi Brian , Coon Austin , Cantley Lauren , Perkins Bradford , Doran Erin , Wang Tairan , Rothschild Mordechai , Shtein Max
Published: February 2023

Circular supply chains require more accurate product labeling and traceability. In the apparel industry, product life cycle management is hampered in part by inaccurate, poorly readable, and detachable standard care labels. Instead, this article seeks to enable a labeling system capable of being integrated into the fabric itself, intrinsically recyclable, low‐cost, encodes information, and allows rapid readout after years of normal use. In this work, all‐polymer photonic crystals are designed and then fabricated by thermal drawing with >100 layers having sub‐micrometer individual thickness and low refractive index contrast (Δn = 0.1). The fibers exhibit reflectance features in the 1–5.5 µm wavelength range, characterized using insitu Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Drawn photonic fibers are then woven into fabrics, characterized by near‐infrared spectroscopy and short‐wave infrared imaging, techniques commonly used in industrial facilities for sorting materials. The fibers’ optical design also enables the use of overtone peaks to avoid overlap with parasitic molecular absorption, substantially improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio (and therefore ease and speed) of readout. The ability to produce kilometers of fiber that are compatible with existing textile manufacturing processes, coupled with low input material cost, make these a potential market‐viable improvement over the standard care label.
Low‐Cost, On‐Site, Nano‐Impact Detection of Silver Nanoparticles via Laser‐Ablated Screen‐Printed Microelectrodes
Authors: Grob Leroy , Weiß Lennart J. K. , Music Emir , Schwertfeger Ilja , Al Boustani George , Feuerbach Julian , Nikić Marta , Hiendlmeier Lukas , Rinklin Philipp , Wolfrum Bernhard
Published: February 2023

With the ever‐growing presence of silver nanoparticles in consumer products, there is a need for cost‐effective and on‐site monitoring of their influence on our environment. Herein, we report the use of screen‐printed and laser‐ablated microelectrode arrays (SPMEAs) for the electrochemical detection of 20 nm‐sized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via collision electrochemistry. The electrodes’ morphology is optically analyzed and their electrochemical properties later characterized using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The SPMEAs are calibrated using a AgNP concentration range of 1 to 100 pM, resulting in a linear dependency of 22 mHz pM−1 for the impact frequency. Finally, to demonstrate the possibility of future on‐site applications, an in‐house built portable nanoparticle detection (POND) device is used to measure Faradaic AgNP impacts on a SPMEA, in a solution contaminated with urea.
Racial disparities in emergency medicine: Implementation of a novel educational module in the emergency medicine clerkship
Authors: Ellis Joshua , Landry Alden M. , Darling Alanna , Cabrera Payton , Ullman Edward , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Dubosh Nicole M.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Despite decades of literature recognizing racial disparities (RDs) in emergency medicine (EM), published curricula dedicated to addressing them are sparse. We present details of our novel RD curriculum for EM clerkships and its educational outcomes.

Methods

We created a 30‐min interactive didactic module on the topic designed for third‐ and fourth‐year medical students enrolled in our EM clerkships. Through a modified Delphi process, education faculty and content experts in RD developed a 10‐question multiple‐choice test of knowledge on RD that the students completed immediately prior to and 2 weeks following the activity. Students also completed a Likert‐style learner satisfaction survey. Median pre‐ and posttest scores were compared using a paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and presented using medians and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Satisfaction survey responses were dichotomized into favorable and neutral/not favorable.

Results

For the 36 students who completed the module, the median pretest score was 40% (95% CI 36%–50%) and the posttest score was 70% (95% CI 60%–70%) with a p‐value of <0.001. Thirty‐five of the 36 students improved on the posttest with a mean increase of 24.2% (95% CI 20.2–28.2). The satisfaction survey also showed a positive response, with at least 83% of participants responding favorably to all statements (overall mean favorable response 93%, 95% CI 90%–96%).

Conclusions

This EM‐based module on RD led to improvement in students' knowledge on the topic and positive reception by participants. This is a feasible option for educating students in EM on the topic of RD.
Genetic and self‐perceived ancestries in Argentina: Beyond the three‐hybrid model
Authors: Ruderman Anahí , Luisi Pierre , Paschetta Carolina , Teodoroff Tamara , Pérez Luis Orlando , de Azevedo Soledad , Trujillo‐Jiménez Magda Alexandra , Navarro Pablo , Morales Leonardo , Pazos Bruno , González‐José Rolando , Ramallo Virginia
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The increased availability of genome‐wide data allows capturing the fine genetic structure of present days populations. Here we analyze the genetic ancestry at a fine scale of an Argentinean Patagonia population to understand the origins beyond the three‐hybrid model, and to compare these results with volunteers' self‐perceived ancestry in a broad context encompassed by historical and familiar information.

Materials and Methods

We compare high‐throughput genotyping data for 92 individuals that we generated to data sets from the literature by applying fully haplotype‐based methods to examine patterns of human population substructure. The volunteers filled out a semi‐structured questionnaire, including questions about their history, ancestors, and self‐perceived ancestry. Finally, we used non‐parametric tests in order to compare genomic ancestry against self‐perception.

Results

Genetic ancestry from Iberian populations accounted for 0.176 (Spain and Basque origins), while the component associated with Italian populations accounted for 0.140. We observed a 0.169 Native American genetic ancestry. Participants significantly over‐ and under‐ self‐perceived Native American and European origins, respectively. Components of origins from North Africa to Central South Asia accounted for 0.225 of the genetic ancestry in the sample, with significantly higher proportions for people that mentioned such origins in their genealogical history.

Discussion

We captured the fine‐genetic architecture of a Puerto Madryn population sample in Chubut province, showing that self‐perceived ancestry remains a poor proxy for genetic ancestry. The presence of North Africa to Central South Asia components and its correlate with self‐perception of these origins justifies its inclusion in future miscegenation studies in Argentina.
Lessons from lockdown: Autistic students, parents and mainstream schools
Authors: Vincent Carol , Oliver Caroline , Pavlopoulou Georgia
Published: February 2023

This paper reports on the findings of a BERA‐funded small‐scale project that explores the impacts of COVID‐19 lockdowns on the educational experiences of autistic children and young people who attend mainstream schools and their parents/carers in England. We observe that, unsurprisingly, lockdown resulted in associated stresses for families. However, our main argument is that for the participants, the pandemic has not been experienced to the same extent as is popularly understood; that is, causing major disruption to children's schooling experiences and/or unusual levels of social isolation. Using the concept of stigma as a theoretical resource, we argue that this is because the families with whom we spoke were already experiencing, pre‐COVID‐19, disrupted schooling and degrees of social isolation. Indeed, for many of the young people, the break from school occasioned by lockdown allowed them a release from the more negative and stigmatising aspects of their routine experiences within school. We therefore argue that the disruption of the pandemic sheds light on how stigma shapes students' daily school experiences.
Optical and dielectric response of two‐dimensional WX2 (X = Cl, O, S, Se, Te) monolayers: A comprehensive study based on density functional theory
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Mishra Rajneesh Kumar , Choi Gyu Jin , Ryu Jeong Won , Kumar Pushpendra , Gwag Jin Seog
Published: February 2023

Here, we study the dielectric and optical properties of two‐dimensional (2D) WX2 monolayers, where X is Cl, O, S, Se, and Te. First principle electronic band structure calculations reveal that all materials are direct band gap semiconductors except WO2 and WCl2, which are found to be indirect band gap semiconducting 2D materials. The dielectric response of these materials is also systematically investigated. The obtained results suggest that these materials are suitable as dielectric materials to suppress unwanted signal noise. The optical properties of these 2D materials, such as absorption, reflection and extinction coefficients, refractive index, and optical conductivity, are also calculated from the dielectric function. It is found that these materials exhibit excellent optical response. The present electronic, dielectric, and optical findings indicate that WX2 monolayers have an opportunity in electronic, optical, and optoelectronic device applications.
Multiplexing near‐infrared quantum dot fluorescence through vibrational and electronic transition signatures
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Yang Sungbin , Lee Junhwa , Kim Sungjee , Jeong Sanghwa
Published: February 2023

We represent how the multiplexing power of near‐infrared (NIR) quantum dot (QD) signals can be extended by using narrow NIR absorptive features such as molecular vibration modes and lanthanide f‐f electronic transitions. Two distinguishable NIR absorptive films were prepared by using polystyrene and samarium complex, and combined with NIR emitting PbS/CdS Core/Shell QD film to make various NIR emitting codes. Spectral features of NIR emitting codes could be diversified by adjusting the thickness and chemical composition of optical films.
Concurrent lung adenocarcinoma hidden among multiple shadows of COVID‐19 pneumonia: A rare and instructive case report
Authors: Kitahara Yoshihiro , Matsuura Motoki , Yamasaki Rie , Nakamoto Kanako , Kakumoto Shinji , Tada Shinpei , Ito Noriaki , Miwata Kei , Okimoto Mafumi , Takafuta Toshiro
Published: February 2023

A 40‐year‐old man was admitted with a diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia. Although most of multiple ground‐glass opacities and consolidations on computed tomography improved, a round ground‐glass opacity with consolidation remained unchanged and was suspected to be a part‐solid nodule of lung adenocarcinoma. Pathologic diagnosis of resected tumor was papillary adenocarcinoma.
Zosteriform pilar leiomyoma associated with uterine leiomyoma: A case report
Authors: Shrestha Elisha , Mishra Aditi
Published: February 2023

Cutaneous leiomyomas are benign tumors arising from smooth muscles of the skin. Multiple lesions may be arranged in segmental, zosteriform, disseminated patterns. Multiple pilar leiomyomas may be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and may be associated with uterine fibroids and renal cell carcinoma, also known as Reed Syndrome.
A sunflower seed foreign body aspiration misdiagnosed as pneumonia in a child after tetralogy of Fallot operation: A case report
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Sang , Trong Vu Tai , Hoang Bach , Thai Nguyen Ha , Van Dang Chuc
Published: February 2023

Approaching a child with dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing, doctors must consider a foreign body in the respiratory tract, and bronchoscopy should be performed. This report described a child having sunflower seed aspiration late‐ and misdiagnosed as pneumonia. He failed with antibiotics therapy. The patient underwent a bronchoscopy, and then the seed was found and entirely removed.
Generic qualitative dissertations in counselor education: A content analysis
Authors: Waalkes Phillip L. , DeCino Daniel Andrew , LeBlanc Joe , Phelps‐Pineda Monica Maria , Somerville Tiffany , Flynn Stephen V.
Published: February 2023

We conducted a content analysis of generic qualitative counseling dissertations (GQR;N = 70), examining their methodological justifications, coherence, and trustworthiness. Dissertations authors often presented vague methodological justifications. Findings have implications for constructing methodological justifications, integrating relevant literature, and awareness of how GQR compares to other qualitative methodologies.
Alternative Strategies for Effective Utilization of Carbon Dioxide in Dimethyl Ether Synthesis
Authors: Babapoor Aziz , Samimi Fereshteh , Mirzayi Behruz , Paar Meysam
Published: February 2023

Converting CO2 into chemicals, e.g., methanol and dimethyl ether (DME), has been an attractive way to protect the global environment. In this process, the total catalyst volume of the methanol reactor was split into two sections to load the reactors. The catalyst volume of each reactor was optimized by the differential evolution technique. It was concluded that the indirect route yields a higher DME production rate than the direct one, as it produces higher amounts of methanol. CO2 conversions increased by 79 % in the indirect two‐stage process, which resulted in the highest DME production rate of 343 t per day. The results demonstrate how the concept of a two‐stage process in the indirect conversion of CO2 is feasible and beneficial for fuel production.
Intelligente Schnittstellen für Luftreinhaltung und Trocknung
Authors: Montigny Christine
Published: February 2023

Die Interoperabilität – also das Zusammenspiel verschiedener Systeme, Techniken und Organisationen im Maschinen‐ und Anlagenbau ermöglicht, neue Geschäftsmodelle sowie Produktionssysteme in ihrer Gesamtheit durchgängig zu etablieren. Die VDMA Fachabteilung Luftreinhaltung entwickelt ein universelles herstellerunabhängiges OPC UA Informationsmodell für Prozessluftabsaug‐ und Filtrationssysteme (PAEFS). Vergleichbares wird auch für Trockner entwickelt.
Wieder dicke Luft?
Authors: Dreblow Kerstin
Published: February 2023

Neben dem Klimawandel gilt die Luftverschmutzung als eines der wichtigsten Umweltthemen der heutigen Zeit. Dabei sind die Quellen sowohl anthropogenen als auch natürlichen Ursprungs zu suchen. Die Überwachung der Freisetzung von umwelt‐ und gesundheitsschädlichen Schadstoffen bedarf daher besonderer Aufmerksamkeit. Mit einem mobilen Messsystem für Aerolole und Partikel lässt sich die Luftqualität flexibel überwachen.
Persistente Chemikalien aus dem Abwasser entfernen
Authors: Bhavaraju Rajeev , Steinhilber Dirk
Published: February 2023

Um persistente Chemikalien aus dem Abwasser einer ehemaligen Feuerwehr‐Ausbildungsstätte im Bundesstaat Victoria im Südosten Australiens zu entfernen, wird ein mehrstufiges Verfahren angewendet, in dem selektive Anionenaustauscherharze von Lanxess bei der Feinreinigung eine besondere Rolle spielen. Die Konzentration von Perfluorbutansäure (PFBA) wird auf nicht nachweisbare Werte reduziert und das bei hoher Kapazitätsauslastung erreicht. LANXESS will seine gesamte Lieferkette bis 2050 klimaneutral gestaltet. Dabei spielt die Umstellung auf nachhaltige Rohstoffe eine zentrale Rolle. „Mit unseren neuen Ionenaustauschern auf Basis von nachhaltigen Rohstoffen gehen wir einen weiteren Schritt auf diesem Weg. Zudem helfen wir unseren Kunden, ihre eigenen Klimaziele zu erreichen“, betont Bettina Blottko, Leiterin des Geschäftsbereichs Liquid Purification Technologies von LANXESS.
Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Colloidal Particle Synthesis, Assembly, and Application
Authors: Song Qing , Shi Shang , Liu Bing
Published: February 2023

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) assembled from metal nodes and organic ligands have received significant attention over the past two decades for their fascinating porous properties and broad applications. Colloidal MOFs (CMOFs) not only inherit the intrinsic properties of MOFs, but can also serve as building blocks for self‐assembly to make functional materials. Compared to bulk MOFs, the colloidal size of CMOFs facilitates further manipulation of CMOF particles in a single or collective state in a liquid medium. The resulting crystalline order obtained by self‐assembly in position and orientation can effectively improve performance. In this review, we summarize the latest developments of CMOFs in synthesis strategies, self‐assembly methods, and related applications. Finally, we discuss future challenges and opportunities of CMOFs in synthesis and assembly, by which we hope that CMOFs can be further developed into new areas for a wider range of applications.
Reduced Nucleophilicities ИB of Lewis Bases B: Is ИB Independent of Whether B is Involved in a Hydrogen Bond or a Halogen Bond?
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Legon Anthony
Published: February 2023

Reduced nucleophilicities ИB of axially symmetric molecules B were determined from
, where De is the equilibrium dissociation energy of the complexes B⋅⋅⋅XY, NB is the nucleophilicity of B, EXY is the electrophilicity of the halogen‐bond donor XY and
is the minimum electrostatic surface potential of B. The series B⋅⋅⋅ClY, B⋅⋅⋅BrY, B⋅⋅⋅IY (Y=F, Cl, Br, I, CN, and CCH) as well as (B⋅⋅⋅XY, XY=F2, Cl2, Br2,and BrCl) of complexes were investigated. Molecules B were grouped so that the terminal atom involved in the halogen bond was fixed within the group. Groups having N as the terminal atom were RCN (R=CH3, H, and F) or RN (R=N and P), those with C as the terminal atom were RNC (R=H and F) and RC (R=O, S and Se), and those with a terminal O atom were R=C=O (R=O or S). Graphs of
versus EXY for each group were straight lines through the origin, with generally different gradients, hence implying different NB. By contrast, when
was the ordinate the lines conflated to give a single straight line, which then defines a common (reduced) nucleophilicity ИB for that group of B. Hence it was concluded that ИB is an intrinsic property of the terminal atom, independent of the remainder of B, and only weakly dependent on the type (C, N or O) of the terminal atom. Moreover, ИB for each B was the same as determined previously from the hydrogen‐bonded series B⋅⋅⋅HX, (X=F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CCH, and CP).
Murine‐Derived Glioma Organoids and Cell Line Culture Systems
Authors: Ayala‐Sarmiento Alberto E. , Pacheco David Rincon Fernandez , Breunig Joshua J.
Published: February 2023

Research models in cancer have greatly evolved in the last decade, with the advent of several new methods both in vitro and in vivo. While in vivo models remain the gold standard for preclinical studies, these methods present a series of disadvantages such as a high cost and long periods of time to produce results compared with in vitro models. We have previously developed a method named Mosaic Analysis by Dual Recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange (MADR) that generates autochthonous gliomas in immunocompetent mice through the transgenesis of personalized driver mutations, which highly mimic the spatial and temporal tumor development of their human counterparts. Due to the control of single‐copy expression of transgenes, it allows for comparing the visualization of tumor cells and non‐tumor cells. Here we describe a method to generate murine‐derived glioma organoids (MGOs) and cell line cultures from these murine models by physical and enzymatic methods for in vitro downstream applications. Tumor cells can be readily distinguished from non‐tumor cell populations, in both organoids and monolayer cell cultures, and isolated due to the use of personalized fluorescent reporter transgenes. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Generation of 3D murine‐derived glioma organoids

Basic Protocol 2: Generation of 2D glioma monolayer cell lines
A data‐driven examination of apathy and depressive symptoms in dementia with independent replication
Authors: Vasconcelos Da Silva Miguel , Melendez‐Torres Gerardo Javier , Ismail Zahinoor , Testad Ingelin , Ballard Clive , Creese Byron ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2023

Apathy is one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Research that helps define the apathy phenotype is urgently needed, particularly for clinical and biomarker studies. We used latent class analysis (LCA) with two independent cohorts to understand how apathy and depression symptoms co‐occur statistically. We further explored the relationship between latent class membership, demographics, and the presence of other NPS. The LCA identified a four‐class solution (no symptoms, apathy, depression, and combined apathy/depression), reproducible over both cohorts, providing robust support for an apathy syndrome distinct from depression and confirming that an apathy/depression syndrome exists, supported by the model fit test with the four‐class solution scores evidencing better fitting (Bayesian information criterion adjusted and entropy R2). Using a data‐driven method, we show distinct and statistically meaningful co‐occurrence of apathy and depressive symptoms. There was evidence that these classes have different clinical associations, which may help inform diagnostic categories for research studies and clinical practice.

Highlights

We found four classes: no symptoms, apathy, depression and apathy/depression.

Apathy conferred a higher probability for agitation.

Apathy diagnostic criteria should include accompanying neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Role of solvation model on the stability of oxygenates on Pt(111): A comparison between microsolvation, extended bilayer, and extended metal/water interface
Authors: Di Liberto Giovanni , Giordano Livia
Published: February 2023

The activity of catalysts is mainly dictated by the adsorption strength of reaction intermediates at their surfaces. For electrocatalysts in solution, the adsorption strength is not only determined by the intrinsic properties of catalysts and reactants, but also by the solvation energy of reaction intermediates, which is difficult to capture with theoretical methods. Here, we report the impact of different explicit solvation approaches in estimating the stability of oxygenates on the (111) surface of platinum, widely used in oxygen electrocatalysis. We simulate the adsorption of OH, O, and OOH intermediates, relevant for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, on Pt(111) with different solvation environments. We apply the static water bilayer model, typically adopted to calculate solvation energies on Pt(111) in computational studies. We then study the trend of solvation energies under different microsolvation environments, by adsorbing the intermediates in presence of an increasing number of water molecules. Last, we use a dynamic approach based on ab‐initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) to account for dynamic effects. Our results indicate that the stabilities of oxygenates approach those of the water bilayer when the number of molecules increases from zero to three, but the free energies are affected in a not trivial way by the morphology and size of the water cluster, due to the increased complexity and configurational space. Moreover, static methods imply overcorrected free energies. The adoption of a molecular dynamics approach, based on single‐run AIMD simulation of the Pt(111)/H2O interface, allows retrieval estimates close to the experimental observation, including dynamic effects, and is highly transferrable. These results suggest that i) when using a microsolvation scheme, it is recommended to include a few water molecules, up to three to resemble the picture of the static bilayer model; ii) dynamic effects are important and can be included with a single‐run AIMD scheme.
Limitation of base isolation in protecting freestanding contents in buildings
Authors: Wang Feijian , Huang Yuli , Qu Zhe
Published: February 2023

Seismic base isolation performs well in protecting the drift‐ and acceleration‐sensitive elements in buildings, while its effectiveness in reducing the velocity response and thus protecting velocity‐sensitive elements remains unclear. Through laboratory tests and numerical simulations, this paper shows that base isolation does not adequately control the floor velocity to the same level as the drift and acceleration, particularly on lower floors and under pulse‐like ground motions with rich long‐period contents. This limitation is attributed to the frequency‐insensitive velocity spectra of the ground motions and the significant difference in the mode shapes between base‐isolated and fixed‐base buildings. This limitation is demonstrated by comparing the loss ratios of rocking‐dominated freestanding contents due to overturning in base‐isolated buildings and their fixed‐base counterparts. By assuming a uniform distribution of randomly generated freestanding contents and adopting different overturning fragility models, the results show that the base isolation may be ineffective in reducing the loss ratio of rocking‐dominated contents in a building and may even adversely increase the loss ratio, especially for large objects, and when low‐ and moderate‐seismic intensities are concerned.
Revolving ATPase motors as asymmetrical hexamers in translocating lengthy dsDNA via conformational changes and electrostatic interactions in phi29, T7, herpesvirus, mimivirus, E. coli, and Streptomyces
Authors: Weitao Tao , Grandinetti Giovanna , Guo Peixuan
Published: February 2023

Investigations of the parallel architectures of biomotors in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems suggest a similar revolving mechanism in the use of ATP to drive translocation of the lengthy double‐stranded (ds)DNA genomes. This mechanism is exemplified by the dsDNA packaging motor of bacteriophage phi29 that operates through revolving but not rotating dsDNA to “Push through a one‐way valve”. This unique and novel revolving mechanism discovered in phi29 DNA packaging motor was recently reported in other systems including the dsDNA packaging motor of herpesvirus, the dsDNA ejecting motor of bacteriophage T7, the plasmid conjugation machine TraB in Streptomyces, the dsDNA translocase FtsK of gram‐negative bacteria, and the genome‐packaging motor in mimivirus. These motors exhibit an asymmetrical hexameric structure for transporting the genome via an inch‐worm sequential action. This review intends to delineate the revolving mechanism from a perspective of conformational changes and electrostatic interactions. In phi29, the positively charged residues Arg‐Lys‐Arg in the N‐terminus of the connector bind the negatively charged interlocking domain of pRNA. ATP binding to an ATPase subunit induces the closed conformation of the ATPase. The ATPase associates with an adjacent subunit to form a dimer facilitated by the positively charged arginine finger. The ATP‐binding induces a positive charging on its DNA binding surface via an allostery mechanism and thus the higher affinity for the negatively charged dsDNA. ATP hydrolysis induces an expanded conformation of the ATPase with a lower affinity for dsDNA due to the change of the surface charge, but the (ADP+Pi)‐bound subunit in the dimer undergoes a conformational change that repels dsDNA. The positively charged lysine rings of the connector attract dsDNA stepwise and periodically to keep its revolving motion along the channel wall, thus maintaining the one‐way translocation of dsDNA without reversal and sliding out. The finding of the presence of the asymmetrical hexameric architectures of many ATPases that use the revolving mechanism may provide insights into the understanding of translocation of the gigantic genomes including chromosomes in complicated systems without coiling and tangling to speed up dsDNA translocation and save energy.
Responsibility, equity, justice, and inclusion in dynamic human–wildlife interactions
Authors: Harris Nyeema C , Wilkinson Christine E , Fleury Gabriela , Nhleko Zoliswa N
Published: February 2023

In an era of rapid environmental change, human–wildlife interactions (HWIs) are increasingly complex and pervasive across ecosystems. Negative outcomes from such interactions continue to warrant much attention, given their implications for conservation and human livelihoods. However, framing HWIs solely along a coexistence–conflict continuum is overly simplistic because coexistence is not devoid of conflict and negates the temporal dynamics of potential outcomes. Furthermore, without thorough consideration of governing principles, HWIs will persistently result in negative outcomes and a skewed perspective within the scientific community and among the public. Here we argue that incorporating the principles of responsibility, equity, justice, and inclusion (REJI) into conservation‐oriented activities can influence the intensity, severity, and duration of negative outcomes throughout the HWI life cycle. The conceptual framework we present both complements and expands assessment and anticipation of HWI outcomes, which are inherently contingent on scientific practice, cultural sensitivity, and interdisciplinary approaches.
Einfluss von Huminstoffen auf die Festigkeit bindemittelverbesserter organischer Böden
Authors: Döbber Michelle , Glasenapp Ralf , Arnold Patrick , Rackwitz Frank
Published: February 2023

Organogene und organische Böden sind häufig als gering tragfähig einzustufen und erfüllen daher für übliche geotechnische Bauwerke nicht die Anforderungen an eine bautechnische Verwendung. Baugrundverbesserungsmaßnahmen ermöglichen es, die Festigkeit und Steifigkeit gering tragfähiger Böden z. B. durch das Einarbeiten von Bindemitteln in die örtlich anstehende Bodenmatrix zu erhöhen und darüber hinaus die gesellschaftlich wichtigen Ziele der Ressourcenschonung und Abfallvermeidung umzusetzen. Die Vorgänge bei der Zementhydratation bei Vorhandensein organischer Bestandteile sind jedoch sehr komplex und multivariat. Insbesondere der lösliche Anteil der Huminstoffe in der Organik kann dazu führen, dass die Zielfestigkeiten nicht erreicht werden. Um den Einfluss der Huminstoffe, insbesondere der Huminsäuren, auf die festigkeitsbestimmende Zementhydratation zu untersuchen, bestand das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie darin, die Huminstoff‐Fraktionen verschiedener organischer Böden zu quantifizieren, um bei nachfolgend durchgeführten Festigkeitsuntersuchungen Rückschlüsse auf die Vorgänge beim Abbindeprozess zu ziehen. Zudem wurde zur qualitativen Bestimmung der Huminsäuren eine Farbskala entwickelt, die für die Anwendung in der Praxis vorgeschlagen wird. Die Analyse der Huminstoff‐Fraktionen basiert auf deren Extraktion und anschließender Bestimmung mittels UV/VIS‐Spektroskopie unter Einsatz von Kalibrierstandards. Die sich anschließenden Festigkeitsuntersuchungen stützen sich auf die Ermittlung der einaxialen Druckfestigkeit von Probekörpern, die aus bindemittelverbesserten Sandproben bestehen, denen verschiedene organische Böden in unterschiedlichen Anteilen beigemengt wurden. Es wird gezeigt, dass nicht nur die Wahl des Bindemittels oder der Anteil an organischen Beimengungen, sondern insbesondere die Zusammensetzung der Organik einen Einfluss auf das Verfestigungspotenzial organogener und organischer Böden hat.
Komplexe Baugruben‐ und Gründungsvarianten in einer U‐Bahn‐Schutzzone in Frankfurt
Authors: Meißner Simon , Kies Maximilian , Berger Alexander
Published: February 2023

Seit fast 20 Jahren steht das ehemalige Polizeipräsidium an der Friedrich‐Ebert‐Anlage in Frankfurt leer. Die aktuelle Planung umfasst den Umbau und die Sanierung des ehemaligen, denkmalgeschützten Polizeipräsidiums, den Neubau von Wohnungen und einer Kita im Blockrand sowie den Neubau eines 175 Meter hohen Hochhauses mit Büro‐ und Wohnflächen. Die neu hergestellte Stadtbahn U5 unterquert mit beiden Tunnelröhren das Projektgebiet und ist maßgebend für die geotechnische Planung der Baugrube und der Hochhausgründung. Die Herstellung der Untergeschosse soll im Schutze einer wasserundurchlässigen Baugrube erfolgen. Als Baugrubenverbau ist eine rückverankerte und teilweise ausgesteifte Schlitzwand vorgesehen. Aufgrund der Größe und Tiefe der Baugrube und der hierdurch systembedingten großen Hebungen infolge des Aushubs wurden verschiedene geotechnische Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung der Baugrube verfolgt. Auch der Abtrag der Lasten des geplanten Hochhauses stellt in Bezug auf die Tunnelröhren eine große Herausforderung dar.
Venous thromboembolism in viral diseases: A comprehensive literature review
Authors: Zerangian Nasibeh , Erabi Gisou , Poudineh Mohadeseh , Monajjem Kosar , Diyanati Maryam , Khanlari Maryam , Khalaji Amirmohammad , Allafi Diba , Faridzadeh Arezoo , Amali Arian , Alizadeh Nilufar , Salimi Yasaman , Ghane Ezabadi Sajjad , Abdi Amir , Hasanabadi Zahra , ShojaeiBaghini Mahdie , Deravi Niloofar
Published: February 2023

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is known to be a common respiratory and/or cardiovascular complication in hospitalized patients with viral infections. Numerous studies have proven human immunodeficiency virus infection to be a prothrombotic condition. An elevated VTE risk has been observed in critically ill H1N1 influenza patients. VTE risk is remarkably higher in patients infected with the Hepatitis C virus in contrast to uninfected subjects. The elevation of D‐dimer levels supported the association between Chikungunya and the Zika virus and the rise of clinical VTE risk. Varicella‐zoster virus is a risk factor for both cellulitis and the consequent invasive bacterial disease which may take part in thrombotic initiation. Eventually, hospitalized patients infected with the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19), the cause of the ongoing worldwide pandemic, could mainly suffer from an anomalous risk of coagulation activation with enhanced venous thrombosis events and poor quality clinical course. Although the risk of VTE in nonhospitalized COVID‐19 patients is not known yet, there are a large number of guidelines and studies on thromboprophylaxis administration for COVID‐19 cases. This study aims to take a detailed look at the effect of viral diseases on VTE, the epidemiology of VTE in viral diseases, and the diagnosis and treatment of VTE.
Validation of the Arabic version of the Assessing Emotions Scale measuring emotional intelligence in a Lebanese sample
Authors: Hallit Souheil , Azzi Vanessa , Schutte Nicola , Fekih‐Romdhane Feten , Obeid Sahar
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Arabic version of the Assessing Emotions Scale (AES‐Ar) among a sample of Lebanese young adults. A total of 402 Lebanese university students and their contacts were recruited for the study. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) investigated the structure of the scale. The CFA for investigating a four‐factor solution using all items showed the fit indices were acceptable (χ2/df = 1803.15/489 = 3.69; RMSEA = 0.082 [0.078–0.086]; CFI = 0.88; TLI = 0.87) but the loading of the negatively worded items 5, 28 and 33 were low on their respective factors. When testing the four‐factor model after removing items 5, 28 and 33, the results improved further with good fit indices of the model (χ2/df = 1383.184/399 = 3.46, RMSEA = 0.078 [0.074–0.0832], CFI = 0.91 and TLI = 0.90) and good factor loading of each item on each factor, respectively. No measurement invariance was found between genders. The AES‐Ar Cronbach's α was excellent (0.976). Higher Assessing Emotions Scale‐Ar scores, based on the 30 positively worded items, were significantly associated with greater self‐esteem (r = .547; p < .001), and less depression (r = −.295; p < .001). Our results suggest that the AES‐Ar is appropriate for use to measure emotional intelligence in Arabic‐speaking populations.
Sirtuins and their influence on autophagy
Authors: Baeken Marius W.
Published: February 2023

Sirtuins and autophagy are well‐characterized agents that can promote longevity and protect individual organisms from age‐associated diseases like neurodegenerative disorders. In recent years, more and more data has been obtained that discerned potential overlaps and crosstalk between Sirtuin proteins and autophagic activity. This review aims to summarize the advances within the field for each individual Sirtuin in mammalian systems. In brief, most Sirtuins have been implicated in promoting autophagy, with Sirtuin 1 and Sirtuin 6 showing the highest immediate involvement, while Sirtuin 4 and Sirtuin 5 only demonstrate occasional influence. The way Sirtuins regulate autophagy, however, is very diverse, as they have been shown to regulate gene expression of autophagy‐associated genes and posttranslational modifications of proteins, with consequences for the activity and cellular localization of these proteins. They have also been shown to determine specific proteins for autophagic degradation. Overall, much data has been accumulated over recent years, yet many open questions remain. Especially although the dynamic between Sirtuin proteins and the immediate regulation of autophagic players like Light Chain 3B has been confirmed, many of these proteins have various orthologues in mammalian systems, and research so far has not exceeded the bona fide components of autophagy.
Unraveling the pathophysiologic role of galectin‐3 in chronically injured liver
Authors: Ezhilarasan Devaraj
Published: February 2023

Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) previously referred to as S‐type lectins, is a soluble protein that specifically binds to β‐galactoside carbohydrates with high specificity. Gal‐3 plays a pivotal role in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, inflammation, differentiation, angiogenesis, transformation and apoptosis, pre‐mRNA splicing, metabolic syndromes, fibrosis, and host defense. The role of Gal‐3 has also been implicated in liver diseases. Gal‐3 is activated upon a hepatotoxic insult to the liver and its level has been shown to be upregulated in fatty liver diseases, inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cholangitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal‐3 directly interacts with the NOD‐like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3, and activates the inflammasome in macrophages of the liver. In the chronically injured liver, Gal‐3 secreted by injured hepatocytes and immune cells, activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in a paracrine fashion to acquire a myofibroblast like collagen‐producing phenotype. Activated HSCs in the fibrotic liver secrete Gal‐3 which acts via autocrine signaling to exacerbate extracellular matrix synthesis and fibrogenesis. In the stromal microenvironment, Gal‐3 activates cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. Clinically, increased serum levels and Gal‐3 expression were observed in the liver tissue of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrotic/cirrhotic, and HCC patients. The pathological role of Gal‐3 has been experimentally and clinically reported in the progression of chronic liver disease. Therefore, this review discusses the pathological role of Gal‐3 in the progression of chronic liver diseases.
Formulation of nutritious gluten‐free cookies with upcycled pecan nut cake flour
Authors: Martendal Letícia Frasson , Silva Maria Luiza Tonetto , da Silva Simão Raquel , Block Jane Mara , de Moraes Jaqueline Oliveira , Geraldo Ana Paula Gines , Feltes Maria Manuela Camino
Published: February 2023

Background

The pecan nut [Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.) C. Koch] press cake (PNC) is a co‐product of pressing to produce oil, that has low cost and is nutritionally rich, but still little explored. This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations of PNC flour (PNCF) (0%, 15%, and 30%) to obtain nutritious gluten‐free cookies based on rice flour and corn starch, and upcycling the high‐quality pecan press cake.

Results

The addition of the PNCF significantly increased the cookies lipids, insoluble fibers, and protein contents, and led to a significant reduction of the carbohydrates content. Texture profile analysis showed that the addition of PNCF in the samples formulation increased hardness and decreased cohesiveness of dough, showing better behavior for technological processing. After baking, the cookies added with PNCF showed no significant difference in the expansion factor, and required a much higher cutting force than cookies without PNCF (control formulation), due to the higher concentration of insoluble fibers of the former.

Conclusion

The use of up to 30% PNCF allowed formulating gluten‐free cookies with a suitable proximate composition and desired texture characteristics. The findings can help the food industries to develop technologically viable formulations to meet the consumers´ demands and nutritional requirements of individuals with gluten restrictions, as well as to upcycle an oleaginous co‐product.
Application of legume‐based materials in encapsulation technology: A review
Authors: Dewan Md. Forshed , Haque M. Amdadul
Published: February 2023

There has been an increasing global trend for encapsulation of food and pharmaceutical products because of potential roles of this technology in preservation of active ingredients against harsh environments. The food industry ranked after drug sector in the field of encapsulation based on vastness. The delicate bioactive substances are encapsulated using a variety of wall materials. This review article discusses the applications of legume‐based materials for applications in encapsulation technology. The traditional and modern encapsulating techniques are listed. Legume flour, proteins, and starch are effective transporters for the unstable and highly reactive components. Besides physical, biochemical, and chemical modifications of legume‐based proteins and their combinations with polysaccharides are  the advanced stages of research. Some functional features of legume proteins have been enhanced by various modifications and combinations with polysaccharides. As a consequence, significant effectiveness has been achieved in encapsulation efficiency. Few active core materials produced from legumes have been effectively enclosed with other wall materials. Furthermore, encapsulated products containing legume wall material have been shown to demonstrate controlled release and increased bioavailability of bioactive components. More research investigations are required to study the health implications of both short‐term and long‐term consumption of these encapsulated products. Legume‐based materials (flour, protein, and starch) possess suitable physical and chemical properties and, as such, offer great potential for commercial use in encapsulation technology.
The isotope distribution: A rose with thorns
Authors: Claesen Jürgen , Rockwood Alan , Gorshkov Mikhail , Valkenborg Dirk
Published: February 2023

The isotope distribution, which reflects the number and probabilities of occurrence of different isotopologues of a molecule, can be theoretically calculated. With the current generation of (ultra)‐high‐resolution mass spectrometers, the isotope distribution of molecules can be measured with high sensitivity, resolution, and mass accuracy. However, the observed isotope distribution can differ substantially from the expected isotope distribution. Although differences between the observed and expected isotope distribution can complicate the analysis and interpretation of mass spectral data, they can be helpful in a number of specific applications. These applications include, yet are not limited to, the identification of peptides in proteomics, elucidation of the elemental composition of small organic molecules and metabolites, as well as wading through peaks in mass spectra of complex bioorganic mixtures such as petroleum and humus. In this review, we give a nonexhaustive overview of factors that have an impact on the observed isotope distribution, such as elemental isotope deviations, ion sampling, ion interactions, electronic noise and dephasing, centroiding, and apodization. These factors occur at different stages of obtaining the isotope distribution: during the collection of the sample, during the ionization and intake of a molecule in a mass spectrometer, during the mass separation and detection of ionized molecules, and during signal processing.
Can open government data policy improve firm performance? Evidence from listed firms in China
Authors: Zhou Mingle , Wang Yu , Huang Xiaohui , Li Gang
Published: February 2023

Our study aims to understand the impact of open government data (OGD) policy on firm performance and the moderating role of firm characteristics. The difference‐in‐difference model is used to analyze 10‐year panel data from 477 Chinese listed firms. The findings indicate that (a) OGD policy positively affects firm performance; (b) firm size positively moderates the relationship between OGD policy and firm performance; (c) R&D intensity nonlinearly moderates the relationship between OGD policy and firm performance; and (d) OGD policy significantly affects state‐owned firms. This paper provides suggestions for improving OGD policy and OGD market construction.