bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work stress and health problems of professional drivers: a hazardous formula for their safety outcomes
Authors: Useche Sergio A. , Cendales Boris , Montoro Luis , Esteban Cristina
Published: December 2018

Background

Several empirical studies have shown that professional drivers are a vulnerable occupational group, usually exposed to environmental stressors and adverse work conditions. Furthermore, recent studies have associated work-related stress with negative job performances and adverse health outcomes within this occupational group, including cardiovascular diseases and unsafe vehicle operation.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the working conditions and the health status of this occupational group, and to evaluate the association between the Demand–Control model of job stress and their self-reported health and safety outcomes.

Methods

A pooled sample of 3,665 Colombian professional drivers was drawn from five different studies. The Job Content Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire were used to measure work stress and self-reported mental health, respectively. Additionally, professional drivers self-reported health problems (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and overweight) and health-related risky behaviors (smoking and sedentary behavior).

Results

Regarding the Job Demands–Control (JDC) model, it was found that approximately a third part of Colombian professional drivers suffer from high job strain (29.1%). Correlational and multivariate analyses suggest that de JDC model of stress is associated with the professional drivers’ mental health, traffic accidents and fines, but not with other physical and behavioral health-related outcomes, which are highly prevalent among this occupational group, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, overweight, smoking and sedentary behavior.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that (a) stressful working conditions are associated with health and lifestyle-related outcomes among professional drivers, and (b) that evidence-based interventions are needed in order to reduce hazardous working conditions, job stress rates and their negative impact on the health of this occupational group.
Active Surveillance or Watchful Waiting for Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer, 2010-2020
Authors: Ajjawi Ismail , Loeb Stacy , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Catalona William J. , Gross Cary P. , Ma Xiaomei , Leapman Michael S.
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study evaluates trends and factors associated with selecting active surveillance or watchful waiting among individuals with intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
Skin Inflammation, Systemic Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease in Psoriasis
Authors: Svedbom Axel , Mallbris Lotus , González-Cantero Álvaro , Playford Martin , Wu Colin , Mehta Nehal N. , Ståhle Mona
Published: November 2024

Importance

Psoriasis is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Elucidating these mechanisms can help develop treatment strategies and enhance understanding of the link between peripheral inflammation, such as psoriatic skin lesions, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objective

To explore whether systemic inflammation is a mediator of the association between psoriasis skin disease severity and CVD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from cross-sectional study (Psoriasis Atherosclerosis and Cardiometabolic Disease Initiative [PACI]), which enrolled patients from January 2013 to February 2022, and an inception cohort study (Stockholm Psoriasis Cohort [SPC]), which enrolled patients from January 2000 to December 2005. The PACI enrolled consecutive patients referred by dermatologists in Maryland, and the SPC enrolled consecutive patients referred from a wide range of practices in Sweden. Patients with prevalent psoriasis from the PACI and patients with incident psoriasis from the SPC were included. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to January 2024.

Exposures

Psoriasis skin disease severity was measured using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and systemic inflammation was measured using glycan biomarker of N-acetyl side chains of acute-phase proteins (GlycA). Mediation analysis was performed by evaluating the associations between exposure, mediator, and outcome in patients with first-tertile and third-tertile PASI scores when GlycA level was set at the level observed in patients with first-tertile PASI.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Noncalcified coronary burden (NCB) measured using coronary computed tomography angiography in the PACI and hospitalization for CVD or cardiovascular death in the SPC.

Results

Of 260 eligible patients from the PACI, 162 (62.3%) were male, and the median (IQR) age was 51 (41-60) years; of 509 eligible patients from the SPC, 237 (46.6%) were male, and the median (IQR) age was 43 (30-57) years. In both studies, PASI was associated with GlycA level and CVD, and GlycA level was associated with CVD. The direct and indirect (through GlycA) effects of PASI on NCB were estimated at 0.94 (95% CI, 0.26-1.74) and 0.19 (95% CI, 0.02-0.47), respectively. The odds ratios for the direct and indirect effects of PASI on cardiovascular events were estimated at 1.23 (95% CI, 0.70-1.92) and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.04-1.42), respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, skin disease severity measured using PASI was associated with systemic inflammation, and both PASI and systemic inflammation, measured using GlycA levels, were associated with CVD. The association between PASI and CVD may be mediated by systemic inflammation.
Ending Unequal Treatment for People With Behavioral Health Conditions
Authors: Shim Ruth S. , Alegría Margarita
Published: November 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the “Ending Unequal Treatment: Strategies to Achieve Equitable Health Care and Optimal Health for All” report, which emphasizes that health inequities lead to poor mental health for all people, not only minoritized populations, and a diverse workforce is needed to achieve mental health equity.
Residual Stress Analysis in High‐Speed Physical Vapor Deposition Coatings
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Kalscheuer Christian , Möbius Max Philip , Hassanzadegan Aghdam Parisa
Published: November 2024

Several studies focus on impact of residual stress in coatings, predominantly those synthesized by conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques like arc PVD and magnetron sputtering. High‐speed PVD (HS‐PVD) is based on hollow cathode gas flow sputtering, enabling the deposition of thick coatings s > 20 μm in contrast to the mentioned processes, where coating thickness is limited due to compressive residual stresses. Therefore, the effect of residual stresses on HS‐PVD coatings and adhesion was analyzed for the first time. The aim is to evaluate the influence of diverse substrate materials, different coating systems, and process parameters on the residual stress states in HS‐PVD coatings. Different coating systems like AlCrN and AlCrO are deposited at different reactive gas flows, coating times, and bias voltages. The residual stress of oxide coatings, deposited on cemented carbide and steel X40CrMoV5–1, is analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and the sin2ψ method. For AlCrN coatings, in addition to the XRD method, the residual stresses are measured by focused ion‐beam‐digital image correlation ring‐core method to investigate different measuring methods. Both coating systems show higher adhesion strength with increasing thickness. Lower residual compressive stresses are unexpectedly observed at higher coating thickness using both analysis methods.
Sixty Years of Mechanical Alloying—Past Achievements, Current Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Suryanarayana Challapalli , deBarbadillo John J.
Published: November 2024

Mechanical alloying (MA), a completely solid‐state high‐energy powder processing method, was initially used to develop Ni‐based and Fe‐based superalloys containing oxide dispersions for applications at high temperatures and requiring high strength. MA is currently an established materials process to synthesize a variety of nonequilibrium alloys with unique microstructures and properties. Supersaturated solid solutions, metastable intermediate phases, amorphous alloys, quasicrystalline alloys, nanostructures, and nanocomposites, and high‐entropy alloys are some of the materials developed using MA. These advanced structural and functional materials exhibit great potential with widespread applications. Several new and novel applications have also been recently developed. A major concern in using this technique to produce advanced materials is the inherent contamination experienced by the milled powder. In the present article, the past achievements during the last 60 years and current challenges are described in brief. Methods to decrease powder contamination and ways to reduce the cost of powders produced are also discussed. It is also shown that while the MA concept is straightforward, the outcome of the process can be stochastic, depending on many variables which must be experimentally determined since no comprehensive process model exists. The article concludes with the future prospects of this materials processing technique.
Thermo‐Mechanical Study on Auxetic Shape Memory Periodic Open Cellular Structures—Part I: Characterization of Reentrant Geometry and Effective Heat Conductivity
Authors: Rudolf Dominik , Fink Alexander , Körner Carolin , Freund Hannsjörg
Published: November 2024

Periodic open cellular structures (POCS) are additively manufactured supports for heterogeneous catalysts in the field of chemical reaction engineering. Constructed from a repeated unit cell, POCS offer excellent heat transport characteristics due to heat conduction in the continuous solid matrix. However, when inserted into tubular reactors, a loose fit between structure and tube wall results. This considerably hinders heat transfer across the wall. The novel POCS concept presented in this work aims at an intensified wall heat transfer by utilizing a reentrant structure design to ensure auxetic behavior. If the POCS is made of shape memory alloy, it can recover its original shape. Combining these two effects with an initial radial oversize, an interference fit with the tube is established. This contribution comprises the geometric description of reentrant POCS and heat conduction simulations for characterization of the effective heat conductivity, yielding scaling correlations dependent on geometric parameters. Moreover, the effective radial heat conductivity of POCS in cylindrical shape is explicitly investigated. The influencing factor identified is the ratio of tube diameter and cell size: while the ratio increases, the effective radial heat conductivity decreases, but remains well above the effective heat conductivity of the unit cell.
Designing Ultra‐Stable and Surface‐Exposed Ni Nanoparticles with Dually Confined Microenvironment for High‐Temperature Methane Dry Reforming
Authors: He Dedong , Zhang Yimin , Li Tan , Chen Dingkai , Wang Hao , Zhang Lei , Liu Jiangping , Cao Xiaohua , Lu Jichang , Luo Yongming
Published: November 2024

Conversion of CO2 and CH4 into syngas offers a promising route to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, which facilitates large‐scale carbon fixation and boosts carbon‐neutral goal. The main obstacle for CO2/CH4 reforming is the lack of durable catalysts showing both high metal‐exposure and high‐temperature structure stability, since the reported Ni‐based catalysts have difficulty in avoiding deactivation by sintering metal at high temperature. Herein, ultra‐small Ni nanoparticles, which display multiple characteristics of high surface‐exposure and stabilized structure, are constructed from the evolution of atomically dispersed low‐valent nickel under a dually confined microenvironment. Consequently, the developed strategy can not only break the stable‐exposure trade‐off in heterogeneous catalysis but also provide new opportunity for the engineering of high‐performance and sintering‐resistant reforming catalysts as well as other durable heterogeneous catalysts.
Multifunctional Molecule Passivated Quasi‐2D Perovskite Film for Efficient and Stable Luminescent Solar Concentrator
Authors: Sun Mingze , Chen Ying , Tian Shubing , Zhang Mingming , Jiang Haokun , Liu Kang , Xu Jixiang , Dai Fangxu , Wang Lei , Zhou Zhongmin , Xing Jun
Published: November 2024

Quasi−2D perovskite films with multiple quantum well structures can provide a large Stokes shift and efficient photoluminescence (PL), which have great potential in the application of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). However, its low photoelectric conversion efficiency and poor stability remain obstacles to commercial application. Here, a multifunctional molecule additive octyltriphenylphosphonium bromide is introduced to prepare high‐quality perovskite LSCs. The multifunctional molecule can simultaneously passivate perovskite cations and anions, reducing the defect sites and improving the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the perovskite nanocrystals. Triphenylphosphine groups with high steric hindrance effect can hinder ion migration; the hydrophobic properties of the long alkyl chain prevent water erosion, which together improves the stability of the perovskite films. The multifunctional molecule passivated perovskite film has a high PLQY of 100% and retains 96% of the initial PL intensity after 30 days of indoor storage. The perovskite LSC device achieves a maximum optical efficiency of 6.5% at a geometric factor of 3.1. The findings open a new way to boost the performance of perovskite‐based LSCs.
MCL1 Inhibitor Augmented the Anti‐Glioma Efficacy of Paclitaxel Utilizing a Multifunctional Cascade Nanodrug System
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Si , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhang Yunchu , Yi Linbin , Cheng Yongzhong , Qian Zhiyong , Zan Xin , Gao Xiang
Published: November 2024

Despite the importance of chemotherapy as a treatment option for glioma, its efficacy is often compromised by the formidable blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and drug resistance. To address these challenges, a novel cascade nanodrug system called A12‐PTX@RF‐NPs is designed with aims to penetrate the BBB and precisely target glioma. In this nanosystem, the RVG‐29 peptide facilitates the BBB penetration while Folic Acid (FA) targets glioma cells through binding to Folate Receptors (FR), followed by receptor‐mediated endocytosis subsequently. The incorporation of disulfide bond modifications enables responsive release within the reductive environment of glioma, ensuring successful delivery of chemotherapy drugs. Significantly, a co‐treatment approach involving the combination of A12 and PTX is implemented. In vitro and in vivo investigations have provided evidence that this amalgamation effectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells and inhibits their proliferation, thus synergistically eliminating both typical and drug‐resistant glioma cells. These findings suggest that the nanodrug system presents a promising therapeutic strategy for glioma treatment, surpassing the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Specifically, A12‐PTX@RF‐NPs constructed in this research have demonstrated remarkable targeting capabilities and therapeutic effects in cellular as well as animal models, thereby proposing an innovative strategy for glioma treatment.
Molecule‐Induced Huge d‐p Overlap Enhances Superexchange Interaction for Room‐Temperature In‐Plane Magnetism and Giant Magneto Band‐Structure Effect in Ferromagnetic Clusterphene
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Bai Yihang , Zhu Weiduo , Liu Zhao , Chen Zhao , Gao Pengfei , Wang Haidi , Li Zhongjun , Wang Bing , Li Xingxing , Hu Wei , Yang Jinlong
Published: November 2024

The discovery of 2D van der Waals XY ferromagnets is a vital task to access excellent topological spin textures, yet remains a longstanding challenge due to low critical temperatures (TC) and weak in‐plane magnetic anisotropy. Here, a novel 2D ferromagnetic clusterphene, (Cr3As2)2Cp3 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl), by using Cr3As2Cp3 cluster self‐assembly with Cp as linker is proposed. Via first‐principles calculations, it is demonstrated that an enhanced ferromagnetic superexchange interaction between the d orbital is achieved through a salient overlap onto the molecular frontier orbitals of the Cp ligand, producing a room‐temperature TC. The (Cr3As2)2Cp3 clusterphene characterizes an ideal XY ferromagnet and a giant magneto band‐structure (GMB) effect. Functional groups and element modifications are also introduced to effectively manipulate the magnetic anisotropy and the GMB effect. The results showcase that 2D magnetic cluster‐assembled clusterphenes fuel a wide range of possibilities for exploring XY magnetism in reduced dimensions.
Direction‐Decoupled Light‐Emitting Metasurface via Guided‐Photoluminescence Manipulation
Authors: Wang Zejing , Wan Shuai , Dai Chenjie , Li Zhe , Li Zhongyang
Published: November 2024

On‐demand manipulation of light emissions is crucial for a variety of practical applications, including bio‐imaging and optical display, etc. Within this realm, the invention of metasurfaces provides powerful light–matter interaction capabilities for the control of multitudinous emission parameters. However, due to the omnidirectional, random, and incoherent nature of photoluminescence (PL) emission, the multiplexing modulation of PL remains a challenge and is rarely realized. Here, a direction‐decoupled light‐emitting metasurface (LEM) is originally demonstrated to display dual‐channel independent incoherent‐emission images based on guided‐PL manipulation. Utilizing the wavevector differences of guided‐PL between opposite pumping directions, the LEM is designed to enable selective unidirectional emission, thereby decoupling the directional freedom for PL multiplexing and realizing dual meta‐display. Besides, the direction‐multiplexed LEM can be integrated simultaneously with pumping‐light holography for multi‐dimensional meta‐display. Such programmable unidirectional emission manipulation and direction‐multiplexed PL meta‐display approaches promise light‐emitting techniques and can potentially find applications in multiplexing display, optical storage and encryption, etc.
Achieving Large and Anisotropic Spin‐Mediated Thermal Transport in Textured Quantum Magnets
Authors: Guo Shucheng , Bai Xue , Liang Boqun , Hoke Thomas , Liu Ming , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Chen Xi
Published: November 2024

Spin excitations, including magnons and spinons, can carry thermal energy and spin information. Studying spin‐mediated thermal transport is crucial for spin caloritronics, enabling efficient heat dissipation in microelectronics and advanced thermoelectric applications. However, designing quantum materials with controllable spin transport is challenging. Here, highly textured spin‐chain compound Ca2CuO3 is synthesized using a solvent‐cast cold pressing technique, aligning 2D nanostructures with spin chains perpendicular to the pressing direction. The sample exhibits high thermal conductivity anisotropy and an excellent room‐temperature thermal conductivity of 12 ± 0.7 W m−1 K−1, surpassing all polycrystalline quantum magnets. Such a high value is attributed to the significant spin‐mediated thermal conductivity of 10 ± 1 W m−1 K−1, the highest reported among all polycrystalline quantum materials. Analysis through a 1D kinetic model suggests that near room‐temperature, spinon thermal transport is dominated by coupling with high‐frequency phonons, while extrinsic spinon‐defect scattering is negligible. Additionally, this method is used to prepare textured La2CuO4, exhibiting highly anisotropic magnon thermal transport and demonstrating its broad applicability. A distinct role of defect scattering in spin‐mediated thermal transport is observed in two spin systems. These findings open new avenues for designing quantum materials with controlled spin transport for thermal management and energy conversion.
Printed High‐Entropy Prussian Blue Analogs for Advanced Non‐Volatile Memristive Devices
Authors: He Yueyue , Ting Yin‐Ying , Hu Hongrong , Diemant Thomas , Dai Yuting , Lin Jing , Schweidler Simon , Marques Gabriel Cadilha , Hahn Horst , Ma Yanjiao , Brezesinski Torsten , Kowalski Piotr M. , Breitung Ben , Aghassi‐Hagmann Jasmin
Published: November 2024

Non‐volatile memristors dynamically switch between high (HRS) and low resistance states (LRS) in response to electrical stimuli, essential for electronic memories, neuromorphic computing, and artificial intelligence. High‐entropy Prussian blue analogs (HE‐PBAs) are promising insertion‐type battery materials due to their diverse composition, high structural integrity, and favorable ionic conductivity. This work proposes a non‐volatile, bipolar memristor based on HE‐PBA. The device, featuring an active layer of HE‐PBA sandwiched between Ag and ITO electrodes, is fabricated by inkjet printing and microplotting. The conduction mechanism of the Ag/HE‐PBA/ITO device is systematically investigated. The results indicate that the transition between HRS and LRS is driven by an insulating‐metallic transition, triggered by extraction/insertion of highly mobile Na+ ions upon application of an electric field. The memristor operates through a low‐energy process akin to Na+ shuttling in Na‐ion batteries rather than depending on formation/rupture of Ag filaments. Notably, it showcases promising characteristics, including non‐volatility, self‐compliance, and forming‐free behavior, and further exhibits low operation voltage (VSET = −0.26 V, VRESET = 0.36 V), low power consumption (PSET = 26 µW, PRESET = 8.0 µW), and a high ROFF/RON ratio of 104. This underscores the potential of high‐entropy insertion materials for developing printed memristors with distinct operation mechanisms.
Constructing 3D Crosslinked Macromolecular Networks as a Highly Efficient Interface Layer for Ultra‐Stable Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Qu Yi‐Fan , Qian Jia‐Wei , Zhang Feng , Zhu Zibo , Zhu Yinbo , Hou Zhiguo , Meng Qiangqiang , Chen Kai , Dou Shi Xue , Chen Li‐Feng
Published: November 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are experiencing rapid development due to their high theoretical capacity, abundant zinc resources, and intrinsic safety. However, the progress of AZIBs is hindered by uncontrollable parasitic reactions and excessive dendrite growth, which compromise the durability and effective utilization of zinc metal anodes. To address these challenges, the study has constructed a 3D crosslinked macromolecular network composed of zinc ion‐bonded potato starch (StZ) as an interface layer on Zn foil (StZ‐Zn) to inhibit hydrogen evolution, regulate Zn2+ flux, and ensure uniform Zn deposition. Density functional theory calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, and in situ Raman spectra demonstrate that the 3D StZ interface layer facilitates Zn2+ desolvation by restructuring the solvation shells. This process reduces the concentration of H2O at the anode, thereby inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction. Consequently, Zn2+ transport is more efficient, promoting a homogeneous Zn2+ flux and enabling dendrite‐free Zn deposition. As a result, StZ‐Zn||StZ‐Zn symmetric cell delivers a superb lifespan of 4800 h at the current density of 5 mA cm−2, and the corresponding cumulative capacity is as high as 12000 mAh cm−2. Notably, StZ‐Zn||NaV3O8·1.5H2O full cell can stably operate for 2500 cycles at 5 A g−1 with an outstanding capacity retention of 92%.
A Halted Photodeposition Technique Controls Co‐Catalyst Loading and Morphology on Organic Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Solar H2 Production
Authors: Firth Connor R. , Jeanguenat Colin , Lutz‐Bueno Viviane , Boureau Victor , Sivula Kevin
Published: November 2024

Solar hydrogen production with semiconductor photocatalyst particles typically requires co‐catalysts, but since co‐catalysts are often deposited in situ, the rate of their nucleation/growth and role in parasitic light absorption are not well controlled. Herein a halted photodeposition‐dialysis method is introduced that affords unprecedented control over platinum (Pt) co‐catalyst loading and morphology on bulk heterojunction organic semiconductor photocatalyst nanoparticles. Pt loading and surface distribution are controlled by tuning the initial Pt precursor concentration and photodeposition time followed by removal of unreacted Pt precursor via dialysis. Applying this method with typical Pt deposition conditions gives a max H2 evolution rate of 140 mmol h−1 g−1 (based on semiconductor mass) with only 15.2 wt.% Pt deposited and suggests an optimum loading of <20 wt.% Pt, above which parasitic light absorption decreases the H2 evolution rate. Moreover, a peak H2 evolution >30 mmol h−1 g−1 is achieved with a Pt loading of only 1.01 wt.% by tuning the deposition conditions to favor a more uniform Pt coverage with small clusters and single atoms over larger Pt NPs. This represents a performance more than eight times higher compared to typical Pt photodepositions (based on Pt) and gives critical insights into optimizing performance.
An experimental study of pressure drop characteristics under single‐phase flow through packed bed microreactors
Authors: Zhang Lu , Hommes Arne , Schuring Remon , Yue Jun
Published: November 2024

Packed bed microreactors offer a promising platform for intensifying heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. To understand hydrodynamics therein, N2 or water flow was investigated experimentally through microreactors packed with glass beads in this work, corresponding to a microreactor to particle diameter ratio (D/d) of 1.29–25.12. The porosity of a single pellet string microreactor (D/d < 1.866) agrees with the literature's theoretical equation. For microreactors with larger D/d ratios, an empirical porosity correlation is proposed to address the dense packing nature of the bed. The existing correlations are inadequate to describe the pressure drop data in microreactors within the entire D/d ratios and modified Reynolds numbers (Rem < 291). At D/d ≥ 3, the measured pressure drop is described by the modified Ergun equation using properties of the bulk bed zone to exclude the wall effect. At D/d < 3, it can be predicted by introducing a correction term for the wall effect into the Ergun equation.
Synthesis and Characterization of an Air‐Stable Tin(IV) β‐Tetracyanoisophlorin Complex: Enhanced Antiaromaticity through Metal Complexation.
Authors: Sugimura Haruna , Nakajima Kana , Yamashita Ken‐ichi
Published: November 2024

Isophlorins, which are two‐electron reduced porphyrins, have garnered significant interest because of their potential antiaromaticity and unique electronic properties. However, the isolation of stable antiaromatic isophlorins remains challenging because they are prone to oxidation or reduction to the corresponding aromatic molecules, or are structurally distorted, resulting in loss of antiaromaticity. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a Sn(IV) β‐tetracyanoisophlorin complex obtained through two‐electron reduction of the corresponding Sn(IV) β‐tetracyanoporphyrin complex. This Sn(IV) complex exhibits enhanced antiaromaticity owing to its highly planar structure, facilitated by the central Sn atom. X‐ray crystal diffraction analysis revealed that the Sn(IV) isophlorin complex contains two methoxy groups as axial ligands and that it exists as a divalent anion, demonstrating the oxophilic nature of the Sn(IV) isophlorin complexes. Notably, this Sn(IV) isophlorin complex is stable under air, distinguishing it from previously reported Si(IV) and Ge(IV) isophlorin complexes without cyano groups. This study thus presents the first isolation of an air‐stable metal complex of antiaromatic isophlorin, opening new possibilities for exploring the unique properties of antiaromatic porphyrinoids for various applications, including catalysis and materials science.
How Carbene Ligands Transform AuAg Alloy Nanoclusters for Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Yifei , Qin Zhaoxian , Li Zhiwen , Tong Zhaohui , Zhao Zhen , Gascón José A. , Li Gao
Published: November 2024

Metal nanoclusters stabilized by N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have attracted increasing interest for their special structures and diverse applications. However, developing synthetic strategies and extending the database of NHC‐protected nanoclusters are still challenging tasks. In this work, a novel and rapid synthetic method is developed to prepare AuAg alloy nanocluster ligated by carbene based on the reactivity of nanoclusters. The rod‐like carbene‐capped bimetal nanocluster, [Au13Ag12(PPh3)8(BMIm)2I8]SbF6 (Au13Ag12 : BMIm), was achieved and characterized by a series of techniques. The alloy nanocluster consists of two vertex‐sharing icosahedrons and carbene ligands, phosphine ligands, and I atoms. Interestingly, the introduced carbene ligands show strong coordination capabilities with Au, enhancing the interaction between metal core and ligands. To the best of our knowledge, the carbene‐capped Au13Ag12 : BMIm nanocluster is the first of its kind to show higher thermostability and higher sensitivity to light compared with the homogeneously capped analogue nanocluster ([Au13Ag12(PPh3)10I8]SbF6). Density functional theory calculations attribute these properties to a unique delocalization of electrons within the frontier orbitals. Finally, the Au13Ag12 : BMIm anchored on NiFe‐LDH exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity in the electrosynthesis of urea from NO3− and CO2, achieving a urea production rate of 29.5 mmol gcat−1 h−1 with a Faradaic efficiency of 34 % at −0.5 V (vs. RHE).
Hexafluorophosphate‐Triggered Hydrogen Isotope Exchange (HIE) in Fluorinated Environments: A Platform for the Deuteration of Aromatic Compounds via Strong Bond Activation
Authors: Ni Yang , Lebelt Jonathan , Barp Milena , Kreuter Florian , Buttkus Hannah , Jin Jiaye , Kretzschmar Martin , Tonner‐Zech Ralf , Asmis Knut R. , Gulder Tanja
Published: November 2024

There is a perpetual need for efficient and mild methods to integrate deuterium atoms into carbon frameworks through late‐stage modifications. We have developed a simple and highly effective synthetic route for hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) in aromatic compounds under ambient conditions. This method utilizes catalytic amounts of hexafluorophosphate (PF6−) in deuterated 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP‐d1) and D2O. Phenols, anilines, anisoles, and heterocyclic compounds were converted with high yields and excellent deuterium incorporations, which allows for the synthesis of a wide range of deuterated aromatic compounds. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies show that an interactive H‐bonding network triggered by HFIP‐d1 activates the typically inert P−F bond in PF6− for D2O addition. The thus in situ formed DPO2F2 then triggers HIE, offering a new way to deuterated building blocks, drugs, and natural‐product derivatives with high deuterium incorporation via the activation of strong bonds.
An Ultrasensitive Self‐Calibrating Terbium Metal Organic Framework for the Detection of Amphotericin B
Authors: Gao Chan , Liu Luyao , Tan Zhenqi , Wang Xiaomei , Yang Tao , Zhou Xinhui , Xiao Hongping , You Yujian
Published: November 2024

We successfully synthesized a 3D porous lanthanide metal–organic framework, [Tb (obdb)][Tb1/3(H2O)7/3]·NMP (Tb‐MOF) with hydrated terbium ions in the pores by solvothermal method using 4′,4″′‐oxybis[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3,5‐dicarboxylic acid (H4obdb) as ligand. It is worth mentioning that Tb‐MOF exhibits excellent performance in structural stability and fluorescence response. Even after soaking in various solvents and pH solutions for 3 months, Tb‐MOF can maintain its structural integrity and excellent stability. The fluorescence spectra show that Tb‐MOF not only exhibits the luminescence of the ligand centered at 368 nm (IL), but also emits the characteristic emissions of the metal terbium, among which the luminescence at 542 nm is the strongest. In the detection of antibiotic amphotericin B (AB), Tb‐MOF showed significant detection efficiency. Upon increasing the concentration of AB, the fluorescence intensity at 542 nm gradually decreased, whereas the fluorescence at 368 nm decreased rapidly. The I542/IL value showed a very high linear correlation with AB concentration, with the slope reaching 1.29 × 108 M−1 (0–100 μM). In the field of fluorescent sensors for AB detection, Tb‐MOF is notable not only for its impressively low LOD (limt of detection) of 0.072 nM but also for pioneering the application of a self‐calibrating ratio‐based detection method. To better elucidate this fluorescence sensing phenomenon, we also conducted a detailed discussion of the sensing mechanism for AB.
Laser Characteristics of Er3+/Yb3+:K‐BaF2‐Al‐Phosphate Glasses
Authors: Ravipati Praveena , Sajja Surendra Babu , Palamandala Babu , Chalicheemalpalli Kulala Jayasankar
Published: November 2024

Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+‐doped phosphate‐based glasses have been synthesized by melt quenching technique and are characterized by absorption spectra, infrared emission, decay curves, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and up‐conversion studies. From the absorption spectra, intensity parameters and radiative properties have been derived utilizing the Judd–Ofelt theory. Er3+‐doped glass is found to have larger radiative lifetime for the laser originating from 4I13/2 level at 1537 nm. Infrared and visible characteristic emissions have been measured by exciting at 790 nm through down‐ and up‐conversion, respectively. The up‐conversion spectra consist of intense green emission at around 525 and 545 nm ascribed to the 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transitions, respectively, and a weak red emission at around 656 nm due to the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions. Various spectroscopic and laser characteristics of these glasses have been calculated and compared with those of similar reported ones.
Development and Validation of a Headspace GC–MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Antimicrobial Preservatives in Biopharmaceutical Peptide Formulations
Authors: Selaya Susan Daniela , Abrigo Nicolas , Jones Clark , Korang‐Yeboah Maxwell , Faustino Patrick J. , Shakleya Diaa
Published: November 2024

The four most used antimicrobial preservatives in biopharmaceutical parenteral formulations are phenol, meta‐cresol, chlorobutanol, and benzyl alcohol. Preservatives are included in various combinations in biopharmaceuticals highlighting the importance of an analytical method to quantify the four preservatives simultaneously. A headspace GC–MS method was developed to quantify phenol, chlorobutanol, meta‐cresol, and benzyl alcohol. The method was validated according to USP <1225>. System suitability  was conducted daily for retention time (%RSD < 2.0%), peak area (%RSD < 5.0%), USP tailing factor (< 2.0 and %RSD < 10.0%), and peak resolution (> 2.0). Analytical ranges were 1.5–90 μg/mL for phenol and meta‐cresol, 30–240 μg/mL for benzyl alcohol, and 30–300 μg/mL for chlorobutanol. Method accuracy ranged from 94% to 108% and precision from 4% to 15 %RSD for all the tested preservatives. The method was applied to three marketed teriparatide drug products selected as a model. Preservative concentrations of the biopharmaceutical marketed products were determined and were found to be comparable with the labeled concentrations, except for an expired product with 2.5% of the label claim. The developed headspace GC–MS method can be used to evaluate the drug quality of the parenteral formulations and to support the assessment of biopharmaceutical peptide drug products.
Sustainable strategies and circular economy ecosystems: A literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Peçanha Lucio M. , Ferreira João J.
Published: November 2024

Various social and political entities are now promoting sustainable industrialisation through cultural transformations in regulation via research, education, ethics, politics and governance. The increasing uncertainties around dealing with the scope of environmental challenges also emphasise the need to consider these issues as social‐ecological systems. Prior reviews on sustainable strategies and circular economies have not approached the literature from this angle. To address this gap, we carried out a systematic literature review to generate insights into the evolution of sustainable strategies for circular economy ecosystems. This review combines bibliometric techniques with content analysis to identify the main thematic groups and research trends. We also put forward a framework for circular ecosystem‐related sustainable strategies that may not only assist scholars, policymakers, organisations and stakeholders in advancing with their respective projects but also provide an agenda for future research on this field.
Research Progress on the Antifibrotic Activity of Traditional Chinese Medicine Polysaccharides
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Li Jieming , Cai Juntao , Gao Jie , Hu Yulong , Dong Chunhong
Published: November 2024

Fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and proliferation fibrous tissue, a condition associated with various chronic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, inflammation of the lungs, and myocarditis. Clinical treatment options for fibrotic diseases are currently limited and have poor efficacy. However, recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that polysaccharides exhibit significant antifibrotic activity by modulating cell proliferation and migration, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress associated fibrosis and regulating gut microbiota. This review provides an overview of recent advances in polysaccharide research for antifibrosis and offers new perspectives on the treatment of fibrotic diseases.
Solid State Synthesis of Hyaluronic Acid–Quercetin Conjugate: Sustainable Protocol to Improve the Biological Activity of Quercetin
Authors: Verdoliva Valentina , Muzio Giuliana , Autelli Riccardo , De Luca Stefania
Published: November 2024

Herein, a sustainable solid‐state procedure is employed for the synthesis of a water‐soluble molecule obtained by linking hyaluronic acid to the hydrophobic quercetin (HA‐QCT). The micellar self‐aggregation of the developed conjugate suggested its employment as a drug delivery nano‐system, considering the numerous biological activities of QCT. Indeed, the spectroscopic characterization (ultraviolet−visible and Fourier transform infrared) ensured that the QCT maintained its chemical integrity. In addition, a cytotoxicity test revealed that HA‐QCT can be employed as a biocompatible drug vehicle for pharmacological purposes. A preliminary colorimetric test also confirmed that QCT retained its anti‐oxidant activity.
Auto‐Deactivation of BODIPY‐Derived Type I Photosensitizer Post Photodynamic Therapy under Hypoxia
Authors: Wang Xia , Wang Zhaobin , Hang He , Feng Fude
Published: November 2024

The long‐lasting activity of photosensitizers during photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes excessive damage and arouses great concerns about biosafety. Herein, we synthesized a pyridinium‐decorated diiodo‐BODIPY compound (PyBDP) and investigated its photosensitizing activity under hypoxic condition in the presence of NADH that is abundant in the mitochondria of hypoxic tumors. The unique property of PyBDP lies in the redox environment‐dependent photo‐response. At green light exposure, PyBDP is converted into a colorless inactive form by interacting with NADH in a two‐step one‐electron transfer process. Interestingly, the NADH‐dependent hydrogenation of PyBDP is affected by the presence of cytochrome c (Cyt cox) that is an important component of mitochondrial electron transport chain (Mito‐ETC), unless Cyt cox is exhausted. Active radical species is produced during the photocatalytic reaction, which adds the understanding of PyBDP‐induced photodamage. Therefore, we applied the strategy of auto‐deactivation PDT using a BODIPY photosensitizer by tethering triphenylphosphonium to PyBDP. After PDT effect in a type I pathway, the photosensitizer underwent almost entire auto‐deactivation in hypoxic HeLa cells. This work paves a way for the development of reductive PDT with enhanced safety and efficacy in fighting hypoxic tumors independent on reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Impact of Part‐Time Faculty on Community College Student Success: An Analysis of Literature Using Foucault's Three Modes of Objectification
Authors: Meredith Meagan , Zhang Yi Leaf
Published: November 2024

As the reliance on part‐time faculty members in community colleges increases, it is imperative to understand their contributions toward student success. This article analyzes a large body of existing literature that examines the use of part‐time faculty and their impact on student academic outcomes. The article utilizes Foucault's three modes of objectification—scientific classification, dividing practices, and self‐subjection—to reveal the systemic social imbalances within higher education, especially in the community college context. Through this lens, it explores how these imbalances interfere with our understanding of the impact of part‐time faculty in community colleges on student success. The article concludes that relying on traditional student achievement metrics to assess faculty performance normalizes and reproduces the 4‐year university's stronghold as the arbiters of knowledge production, thereby subjecting staff and students to objectification. It calls for dismantling systemic barriers that prevent community colleges from achieving the goal of equity in higher education.
Arterial Occlusive Events in a Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Ponatinib
Authors: Imataki Osamu , Uemura Makiko
Published: November 2024

Arterial occlusive events (AOE) are rare adverse event in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as ponatinib. We treated a 47‐year‐old woman with chronic myeloid leukemia. She was failed to achieve optimal molecular response in prior two lines tyrosine kinase inhibitors treatment (dasatinib and bosutinib) for first 30 months. Finally, she was treated with ponatinib and achieve complete molecular remission in 28 months. However, she was suffered from AOE, in bilateral stenosis of the middle cerebral arteries. The patient's responsible vascular lesions of AOE were atypical site rather than usually affected lesions in common arteriosclerosis.
Kernel‐Based Bootstrap Synthetic Data to Estimate Measurement Uncertainty in Analytical Sciences
Authors: Feinberg Max , Clémençon Stephan , Rudaz Serge , Boccard Julien
Published: November 2024

Measurement uncertainty (MU) is becoming a key figure of merit for analytical methods, and estimating MU from method validation data is cost‐effective and practical. Since MU can be defined as a coverage interval of a given result, the computation of statistical prediction intervals is a possible approach, but the quality of the intervals is questionable when the number of available data is reduced. In this context, the bootstrap procedure constitutes an efficient strategy to increase the observed data variability. While applying naive bootstrap to validation data raises some computational challenges, the use of smooth bootstrap is much more interesting when synthetic data are generated using an adapted kernel density estimation algorithm. MU can be directly obtained in a very convenient way as an uncertainty function applicable to any unknown future measurement. This publication presents the advantages and disadvantages of this new method illustrated using diverse in‐house and interlaboratory validation data.
Metalized Borylene in Boron‐Gold Carbonyl Complexes: Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Hu Jin , Wang Xuefeng
Published: November 2024

Borylenes (:B−R) that are built on a single B−R bond between boron and another nonmetallic atom or group are a heated subject of special interest due to their intriguing transition‐metal‐mimicking reactivity, but the relative lack of understanding for the electronic structure and chemical bonding of transition metal borides leads to lingering neglect of metalized borylenes (:B−M) based on covalent B−M bonding. Here we use infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in combination with density functional calculations to study the geometric structure and chemical bonding of boron‐gold carbonyl complex cations. The structure and bonding analyses demonstrated that the BAu(CO)3+ and BAu2(CO)4+ complexes can be described as bis‐carbonyl‐trapped borylene adducts. While the metal‐rich BAu3(CO)4+ complex represents an unusual multicenter‐bond‐stabilized borylene cation with excellent σ‐acidity and π‐backbonding capability for CO activation, featuring Cs symmetry with a quasi‐T‐shaped BAu3+ core. It is manifested that BAu3+ presents greater amphoteric reactivity and improved stability compared to BAu1,2+ due to the presence of the three‐center‐two‐electron Au−B−Au bond. This study discloses a conceptually new platform for accessing reactive metalized borylenes by exploiting the boron‐mediated multicenter‐bond stabilization strategy and using more bench‐stable and ubiquitous metal carbonyl fragments as starting materials, thus providing a broader opportunity for the design of novel chemical structures and catalytic reactions.
Basic‐Functionalized Ionic Porous Organic Polymers: Triple Roles in One for Highly Efficient and Recyclable Carboxylative Cyclization of CO2 under Mild Conditions
Authors: Tao Han , Mao Weiqi , Jiang Lili , Xiao Qiaoxin , Zhao Zhenyu , Wang Kaili , Zhang Zhaowei , Bai Jiayi , Li Haoran , Wang Congmin
Published: November 2024

The transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into high‐value chemicals is a significant step towards achieving the goal of “carbon neutrality”. α‐methylene cyclic carbonate, as an intermediate for the synthesis of many important organic compounds, is widely employed in industrial productions. In this work, a series of ionic porous organic polymers (IPOPs) with different basic‐functionalized anions were successfully synthesized and adjusted to have certain BET surface areas and high contents of ion sites by post‐modification. These basic‐functionalized IPOPs could exhibit excellent catalytic performance for carboxylative cyclization of CO2 at 30 °C and 1 bar in presence of silver salts, eliminating the use of the extra organic bases. In the whole catalytic reaction, the basic‐functionalized anions could play triple roles: enriching CO2 for further transformation, activating the hydroxyl groups of substrates to improve the catalytic performance, while coordinating with Ag atom to stabilize and regenerate catalyst. Notably, the catalytic system of DCX‐4‐Tet/Ag2O exhibited excellent recyclability, and the yield of α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonate was well maintained at 99 % after 5 cycles. To the best of our knowledge, the catalytic system was the first example of basic‐functionalized IPOPs that played multiple roles for highly efficient CO2 cyclization under mild conditions without any extra organic bases.