bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O direito à cidade como perspectiva para prática da EA Crítica e cidadania emancipatória:
Authors: Vieira Levi de Freitas , Domingos Patricia
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho discute o direito à cidade e a exclusão de jovens de periferia a regiões especiais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro como questão para a Educação Ambiental Crítica escolar. A pesquisa tratou de evidenciar a área da cidade efetivamente ocupada e usufruída por jovens periféricos de uma escola pública, localizada no bairro de São Cristóvão, que recebe principalmente alunos das favelas do Caju, Tuiuti, Barreira do Vasco e Mangueira. Para avaliar a área da cidade efetivamente usufruída pelos estudantes, foi utilizada a ferramenta de celular (Google maps), que demarcou o espaço percorrido rotineiramente pelos estudantes, em relação ao epicentro dos territórios de suas comunidades. Os resultados revelam uma rotina que se baseia, quase exclusivamente em ida à escola e retorno para casa. A privação de acesso à cidade, justificada por ações explícitas ou implícitas para a exclusão de jovens de periferia, tem consequências negativas para seu desenvolvimento, limitando suas perspectivas futuras e reduzindo as oportunidades para sua formação pessoal, intelectual, cultural e profissional. A partir deste levantamento os estudantes indicaram o interesse em conhecer outras partes da cidade (uma lagoa, uma floresta e uma restinga), localizadas em áreas privilegiadas, onde não costumam frequentar. A visita a esses locais contém enorme potencial educativo para o reconhecimento de cenários de injustiça socioambiental aos quais esta juventude de periferia é submetida e contrapor uma perspectiva de direitos coletivos e conhecimento para reivindicá-los, através de uma educação emancipatória.
Ambiente y Cotidianidad como projeto educativo de ação dialógica e cultural
Authors: Mejia Caceres Maria Angelica , Monteiro Bruno Andrade Pinto , Araújo Monica Lopes Folena
Published: February 2022

Considerando o aumento do uso dos programas de podcast e seu fácil acesso, assim como um meio para complementar o processo de aprendizagem, nos interessamos em construir uma proposta que permitisse contribuir para uma educação ambiental autêntica, e humanizadora em termos freireanos. Nesse sentido, este artigo apresenta um projeto baseado em situações comunicativo-educativas freireanas para o uso do programa de podcast Ambiente y Cotidianidad em espaços educativos tendo como questão motivadora: de que maneira o podcast pode contribuir para uma educação ambiental mais autêntica e humanizadora? A partir de obras de Paulo Freire, estabelecemos situações comunicativo-educativas, de acordo com temas como o ser humano como um ser de relações no mundo da natureza e cultura, educação dialógica, consciência crítica, educação como prática da liberdade. Entre as unidades pedagógicas estabelecidas buscou-se utilizar o background cultural, o ser humano como um ser criador e recriador na realidade e na compreensão dela, recriar a imagem do sujeito consumidor pela imagem do cidadão, a esperança de transformar nossos hábitos depredadores pela desesperança, saber superado como ignorância, diversidade e amor, entre outros. Concluímos que é possível considerar o podcast com um projeto dialógico, na medida em que se configura como uma linguagem que aproxima as pessoas, conectando seus mundos, assim como, considerar algumas categorias freirianas como a humanização, o diálogo, a criticidade e a criatividade; permite-nos inferir que é viável, contribuir no incremento das conexões e parcerias entre espaços informais e formais em processos educativos emancipatórios e libertadores.
Por que Paulo Freire comprometeu-se com a educação de jovens e adultos e não de crianças?
Authors: Kohan Walter Omar
Published: February 2022

O texto considera a pergunta “Por que Paulo Freire comprometeu-se com a educação de jovens e adultos e não de crianças?” não com a pretensão de respondê-la de forma terminante, mas de dar vida a uma pedagogia da pergunta. Para isso, o texto aborda diversos aspectos da curiosidade em Paulo Freire bem como sua relação com a infância cronológica e o tempo de infância. Repassamos sua intervenção no 3º Congresso de Leitura em Campinas (COLE) e sua correspondência com a prima/sobrinha Nathercinha. Finalmente, lançamos alguma hipótese sobre a pergunta que nos ocupa a partir de dois elementos essenciais em sua vida educadora: a curiosidade e o compromisso com as e os excluídos.
“Novo Normal” Pandêmico e os Desafios para a Educação Crítica
Authors: Accioly Inny Bello , Macedo Donaldo
Published: February 2022

O texto dialoga com a obra de Paulo Freire para reivindicar um olhar crítico e historicamente situado – a partir da perspectiva dos povos oprimidos – sobre a realidade social e ambiental do capitalismo atual, especialmente no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Os autores buscam trazer elementos que auxiliem na compreensão da realidade em sua totalidade e globalidade, estabelecendo correlação entre eventos históricos e condições sociais, a fim de ir além da denúncia da “normalidade” neoliberal – e seus efeitos na educação, no meio ambiente, nas condições de vida nas periferias globais e na arquitetada “crise dos refugiados” – para anunciar uma educação crítica que seja radicalmente centrada na igualdade e na defesa da vida.
Diretrizes e normas
Authors: Aleph Revista
Published: February 2022

Diretrizes e normas
Big data analytics in auditing and the consequences for audit quality: A study using the technology acceptance model (TAM)
Authors: Al-Ateeq Bara’ah , Sawan Nedal , Al-Hajaya Krayyem , Altarawneh Mohammad , Al-Makhadmeh Ahmad
Published: February 2022

The study examines the impacts of using two dimensions of the technology acceptance model (TAM), perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, on the adoption of big data analytics in auditing, and the subsequent impact on audit quality. Five hypotheses were developed. A questionnaire survey was undertaken with external affiliated audit companies and offices in Jordan. Eventually, 130 usable questionnaires were collected, representing a 72.22% response rate. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed for diagnosing the measurement model, and to test the hypotheses of the study. The study finds that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a direct effect on audit quality, without mediating the actual use of data analytics. However, the use of big data analytics is shown to moderate the relationship between perceived usefulness and audit quality, but not between the perceived ease of use and audit quality. The study is one of the first to examine auditors’ acceptance of big data analytics in their work and the impact of this acceptance and actual use on audit quality. It contributes to the existing literature in auditing through its application of SEM to examine the impact of big data analytics usage on audit quality by using the TAM.
Limited diagnostic facilities impending the therapeutic approach of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Bangladesh: A case report
Authors: Pulock Orindom Shing , Pinky Susmita Dey , Hasan Syeda Humaida
Published: February 2022

In resource-constrained settings, mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a rare
hereditary metabolic illness that frequently remains undiagnosed. We
present a scenario that illustrates the challenges in diagnosing and
managing MPS due to test inaccessibility, as well as potential
approaches to minimize the hurdles.
Multiple shadows of firearm shot on the chest X-ray
Authors: Kuridze Nika , Etsadashvili Kakhaber , Jalabadze Khatuna , Rukhadze Beka , Tsverava Mikheil
Published: February 2022

In case of firearm shots, to choose an adequate treatment method, it’s
important to understand the nature of firearms and their projectiles.
Residual results of an old firearm shot wound do not require additional
intervention in the absence of symptoms.
A woman with one red ear
Authors: Yoshimura Fumitaka
Published: February 2022

When redness of the auricle is present, the main differential diagnoses
are erysipelas, Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, and
chilblain lupus. The pathogenesis of red ears can be inferred by careful
anatomical observation. Making the correct diagnosis is important
because the treatment and prognosis vary according to the cause.
Optimization of open micro-channel heat sink with pin fins by multi-objective genetic algorithm
Authors: Jiang Meixia , Pan Zhongliang
Published: February 2022

Micro-channel heat sink is an effective way to solve the heat dissipation problem of electronic devices because of its compact structure and outstanding heat dissipation ability. In order to obtain the high efficiency and low resistance micro-channel heat sink, a new structure of open rectangular micro-channel heat sink with pin fins was proposed to enhance heat transfer. The orthogonal test method was used to design the experiment, and the 3-D software SOLIDWORKS was used to establish 25 groups of open rectangular micro-channel heat sink with pin fins structure model which has different structural parameters. The numerical calculation was carried out with ANSYS FLUENT simulation software and the experimental values with the structural parameters of the micro-channel heat sink as variables were obtained. According to the simulated experimental values, the objective functions of thermal resistance and pumping power were constructed, and the agent model between objective functions and the optimization variables were established. The Pareto optimal solutions of objective functions were calculated by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, which was analyzed by k-means clustering analysis and five clustering points were obtained, and five clusters points were compared and verified by simulation. it was found that there was effective tradeoff points between the highest and lowest points of the five clustering which can make both the pumping power and thermal resistance within the optimal range, so as to obtain the optimal micro-channel heat sink.
Has the SEC Ever Been Willing to Accept Qualified Audit Opinions for a GAAP Departure?
Authors: Keyser John D.
Published: February 2022

Auditing standards promulgated by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) outline four alternatives for auditors' reports: unqualified, qualified, adverse, and disclaimer. However, at the present time, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) generally accepts only one of these alternatives: an unqualified opinion. Prior to the elimination of “subject to” qualified opinions in 1988, the SEC allowed such opinions in the case of material uncertainties. However, the SEC has not, as a general rule, accepted opinions qualified for departures from generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) since it issued Accounting Series Release (ASR) No. 4 on April 25, 1938. This paper describes an instance where the SEC agreed to accept opinions qualified for a departure from compliance with GAAP.
Impaired Hepatic Mitochondrial Capacity in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gancheva Sofiya , Kahl Sabine , Pesta Dominik , Mastrototaro Lucia , Dewidar Bedair , Strassburger Klaus , Sabah Ehsan , Esposito Irene , Weiß Jürgen , Sarabhai Theresia , Wolkersdorfer Martin , Fleming Thomas , Nawroth Peter , Zimmermann Marcel , Reichert Andreas S. , Schlensak Matthias , Roden Michael
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver (steatosis) to steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The hepatic metabolism of obese individuals adapts by upregulation of mitochondrial capacity, which may be lost during the progression of steatosis. However, the role of type 2 diabetes with regard to hepatic mitochondrial function in NASH remains unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We therefore examined obese individuals with histologically proven NASH without (OBE) (n = 30; BMI 52 ± 9 kg/m2) or with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 15; 51 ± 7 kg/m2) as well as healthy individuals without liver disease (CON) (n = 14; 25 ± 2 kg/m2). Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with d-[6,6-2H2]glucose. Liver biopsies were used for assessing mitochondrial capacity by high-resolution respirometry and protein expression.

RESULTS

T2D and OBE had comparable hepatic fat content, lobular inflammation, and fibrosis. Oxidative capacity in liver tissue normalized for citrate synthase activity was 59% greater in OBE than in CON, whereas T2D presented with 33% lower complex II–linked oxidative capacity than OBE and higher H2O2 production than CON. Interestingly, those with NASH and hepatic fibrosis score ≥1 had lower oxidative capacity and antioxidant defense than those without fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Loss of hepatic mitochondrial adaptation characterizes NASH and type 2 diabetes or hepatic fibrosis and may thereby favor accelerated disease progression.
Obtención polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica: un estudio de revisión
Authors: Guancha Marcelo Alexander , Realpe-Delgado Maria Elena , García-Celis Jaqueline
Published: February 2022

Los polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) son considerados polímeros biodegradables que se obtienen por fermentación microbiana, a partir de diferentes sustratos principalmente azúcares, los cuales se sintetizan de diversas fuentes naturales. Una alternativa es la obtención a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica. Por lo anterior, este documento presenta una recopilación de investigaciones relacionadas con métodos utilizados para el pretratamiento, sacarificación, su posterior conversión a PHA y el proceso final de extracción y caracterización, aplicados para su identificación. En cuanto a los métodos de pretratamiento, se encontró que el proceso hidrotermal y la aplicación de ultrasonido (US) combinado con agentes químicos ácidos o alcalinos son los más utilizados para eliminar inhibidores, principalmente lignina y sus derivados. El pretratamiento hidrotermal se presenta como un método promisorio bajo el concepto de biorrefinería, debido a que se requieren tiempos cortos de tratamiento, y a la facilidad de recuperación de subproductos. En el proceso de sacarificación se evidenció que el método enzimático con celulasa combinada, en algunos casos con β-glucosidasa, es el más reportado. En relación con el proceso fermentativo, a partir de hidrolizados de residuos lignocelulósicos como paja de arroz, trigo, kenaf entre otros, la cepa Ralstonia eutropha es la más utilizada para la síntesis de poli(3-hidroxibutirato) (PHB). Se encontró que las variables que más influyen en el rendimiento del proceso fermentativo son la relación C/N, concentración de la fuente del sustrato (concentración de hidrolizados), la oxigenación y la presencia de inhibidores, que son subproductos formados durante el proceso de pretratamiento de la biomasa.
KİLİKYA BÖLGESİNDEKİ KALELER İÇERİSİNDE SİLİFKE AKKALE (AK LİMAN)’NİN YERİ VE ÖNEMİ
Authors: AYKAÇ Razan
Published: February 2022

Silifke Akkale, Akdeniz bölgesinde, Mersin ilinin Silifke ilçesine bağlı bir mahalle olan Taşucu’ndadır. Stratejik konumundan dolayı bölgede, Antik Çağlardan itibaren birçok medeniyet tarafından hâkimiyet kurulmuş, 1571’de Kıbrıs’ın fethinin ardından özellikle Silifke ve Taşucu’nun önemi artmıştır. Silifke Kalesi’nin limana uzak olması sebebiyle, limana yakın bir yerde yeni bir kale inşa edilmesi uygun görülmüştür. Böylece Karamanlı bir mimar tarafından, hem limanın hem de yol güvenliğinin kontrol edilebileceği bir noktada kale yapımına başlanmıştır.

Orta Çağ’ın hac ve ticaret yolu üzerinde bulunan, günümüzde olduğu gibi Kıbrıs’la bağlantının sağlandığı Taşucu Körfezinde inşa edilen Akkale, bölgedeki kale mimarisiyle Osmanlının savunma mimarisindeki anlayışının sentezlendiği bir eser olarak önem arz etmektedir.

Osmanlı Devletinin Kıbrıs’ı fethinin ardından Taşucu Körfezi’nde yaptırdığı kale limanın topoğrafik konumuna uygun olarak inşa edilmiştir. Dörtgen planlı olan kale iki bölümden oluşmakta ve limanın güvenliğini sağlamaktadır. Liman kalesi olan Akkale’nin birinci bölümünde askerlerin kaldığı koğuş, yatakhane, toplantı salonu gibi mekânlar ile ibadet mekânı, su yapıları; ikinci bölümde ise değerli malların muhafaza edilerek korunduğu bölümler bulunmaktadır. İkinci bölüm birinci bölümden surla ayrılmış ve bu iki bölüm arasındaki bağlantı bir kapı ile sağlanmaktadır. Limanın olduğu cephede gemilerin kaleye yanaşması ve malların yüklenip boşaltılması için yapılmış geniş mazgal şeklinde bölümler vardır ve bu bölümler rampalıdır. Kalenin surları dikdörtgen ve çokgen planlı kulelerle tahkim edilmiştir. Surlarda; rustik duvar örgü tekniği (yöresel olarak “fellik” denilen) kullanılmış olup geniş seyirdim yeri ve dendanlar bulunmaktadır.

Hem limanın hem de yol güvenliğinin kontrol edilebileceği stratejik bir noktada XVI. yüzyılın sonunda inşa edilen Akkale Osmanlı Devletinin sonuna kadar Anadolu’yu Kıbrıs’a bağlayan, limanı koruyan önemli bir Osmanlı kalesi olmuştur.

Makalede; bölgede Roma ve Bizans dönemi eserlerinden olan Anavarza Kalesi, Yılan Kale, Koryikos Kalesi, Silifke Kalesi gibi kaleler ile Silifke Akkale plan, mekân anlayışı, duvar dokusu açısından karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilecek ve bu kalenin Osmanlı savunma yapılarıyla nasıl bir etkileşim içinde olduğu örneklerle anlatılacaktır.
BALTACI MEHMED PAŞA’NIN AZİL SÜRECİ VE VALİDE GÜLNUŞ SULTAN’A GÖNDERDİĞİ MEKTUPLAR
Authors: KARAÇAY TÜRKAL Merve
Published: February 2022

Osmanlı Devleti ile Rusya arasında gerçekleşen Prut Savaşı’nda, Sadrazam Baltacı Mehmet Paşa, Şubat 1711'de Serdar-ı Ekrem olarak tayin edilmişti. Osmanlı ordusu, 18 Temmuz’da başlayan ve dört gün süren muharebede başarılı olmuştu. Savaşta kurtulma imkânı olmayan Rus Çarı I. Petro, barış isteğinde bulunmuş ve Baltacı Mehmed Paşa’da bu teklifi kabul etmiş ve Prut Antlaşması imzalanmıştı. Antlaşmanın imzalanmasından Sultan III. Ahmed de memnun kalmıştı. Fakat, kendisini ve askerini yok olmaktan kurtaran Çar I. Petro'nun antlaşma şartlarını yerine getirmemesi, sadrazama karşı İstanbul'da bir muhalefet grubunun oluşmasına neden olmuştu. Antlaşma şartları uygulanamadığı takdirde, Baltacı Mehmed Paşa başına gelecek olumsuz durumlardan kendini kurtarmak için sarayda bulunan Valide Gülnuş Sultan’a mektuplar yazmıştı. Çünkü Sadrazam, İstanbul’a dönmeden önce aleyhinde oluşan ittifaktan haberdar olmuş, hatta III. Ahmed’den tehdit mektupları almıştı. Bu çalışmanın konusu, Prut Savaşı çerçevesinde yer alan olaylarla beraber, Baltacı Mehmed Paşa’nın azil süreci ve kendini kurtarmak için yazdığı mektupların değerlendirilmesidir.

Çalışmanın amacı, 18. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti siyasi tarihi ile Osmanlı diplomasi ve bürokrasi tarihi alanında yapılan çalışmalara katkı sunmaktır.

Osmanlı Devleti’nin tarihi vesikaları arasında yer alan mektuplar, Osmanlı diplomasi ve bürokrasisi alanında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada yer alan söz konusu mektuplar, özel mektuplar kategorisinde değerlendirilmektedir.

Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivinde (BOA), TS.MA.e / 562 - 2, (TSMA No: 2989/1-2), ve C..SM.. / 102-5143 numarada kayıtlı bulunan Baltacı Mehmed Paşa’ya ait olan mektupların çevirisi yapılarak, bunlar değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.

Bu makale, Giriş, Baltacı Mehmed Paşa’nın hakkında, Baltacı Mehmed Paşa’nın azil süreci ve Baltacı Mehmed Paşa’nın Valide Gülnuş Sultan’a yazdığı mektuplar olmak üzere dört ayrı bölümden oluşmaktadır. Mektuplardan yola çıkılarak Baltacı Mehmed Paşa’nın olayları nasıl değerlendirdiğine dair tespitlerde bulunmaya çalışılmıştır. Onun kendi gözlemlerinden hareketle bazı çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur.
BARTIN TEREKE KAYITLARINA GÖRE 19. YÜZYILDA KADINLARDA GİYİM KUŞAM
Authors: DİLEK Mine
Published: February 2022

Şer’iye sicilleri, Osmanlı şehirlerinde kadılar tarafından tutulan ve mahkeme tutanakları olarak ifade edilen defterlerdir. Bu defterlerde tereke, diğer adıyla muhallefat kayıtları ölen kişilerin eşyalarının kadının gözetiminde tek tek fiyat ve adediyle birlikte kaleme alındığı kayıtlarda tutulmuştur. Tereke kayıtları, sıradan bir Osmanlı ailesinin evinin içini hayal etmemize olanak verecek veriler sağlar. Yöreden yöreye farklılık gösteren bu bilgiler yerel tarih araştırmaları için önemli veri kaynaklarının başında gelir. Kullanılan ev araç ve gereçlerinden tercih giyim kuşam anlayışına kadar farklı bilgilere tereke kayıtlarından ulaşmak mümkündür.

Bu çalışmada Bartın yöresinin 19. yüzyıla ait kadın giyim anlayışı tereke kayıtları üzerinden değerlendirilecektir. 1892-1913 yıllarını kapsayan 800, 802, 806, 807, 808 ve 810 numaralı Bartın şer’iye sicillerinde yer alan 12 kadın terekesine dayanarak 19. yüzyılın sonları ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında Bartın yöresinin kadın kıyafetleri ve giyim kültürüne dair değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Osmanlı döneminde Müslüman, Rum ve Ermeni unsurların bir arada uyum içinde yaşadığı Bartın’ın kültürel zenginliği, giyim kültüründe de kendini göstermektedir. Şehrin 19. yüzyılda İstanbul ile yoğun ticari bağlantısının bulunması İstanbul giyim kültürünün izlerinin şehre yansımasına olanak vermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular üzerinden şehrin 19. yüzyıldaki sosyal ve ekonomik yapısına dair çıkarımlar yapılmıştır.
NİĞDE HAMAMLI (KURDUNOS) KARAMANLI KİLİSESİNİN SÜSLEMELERİNDE İSLAMİYET ÖNCESİ TÜRK EVREN İKONOGRAFİSİNE AİT İZLER
Authors: EKİN Cemal
Published: February 2022

Ortodoks Hristiyanların Türkçe’den başka dil bilmeyenlerine “Karamanlı” denmektedir. Karamanlıların konuştukları Türkçeye : ‘’Karamanlıca, Karamanlı Türkçesi, Karaman Türkçesi’’ denir. Karamanlılar ise konuştukları dili: ‘’Yavan Türkçe, Türkçe, açık Türkçe, sade Türkçe, kaba Türkçe, Türk dili veya Anadolu lisanı’’ olarak adlandırmışlardır.

Mübadele ile Yunanistan’a gönderilen Karamanlıların yaşadıkları yerleşimlerde bıraktıkları taşınmazlar arasında kiliselerin özel bir yeri vardır. Yaşadıkları yerlerin kanıtı olan bu kiliselerin Türkçe kitâbeleri yanında bu yapıların süsleme programları Karamanlıların kültürel hafızalarına ait veriler ortaya koyması bakımından oldukça değerlidir.

Bu çalışmada Niğde’nin Hamamlı (Kurdunos) Mahallesinde bulunan Karamanlı Kilisesine ait mimari plastik süslemelerdeki Türk evren ikonografisine ait izler takip edilecektir. Böylece Hristiyanlık öncesi Türk inanışlarının Müslüman Türklerde olduğu gibi Hristiyan Türklerde de devam ettirildiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
SEYYİD BURHÂNEDDİN MUHAKKIK-I TİRMİZÎ’NİN MAÂRİF’İNDE NEFSLE İLGİLİ MÜTALAALAR
Authors: SUCU KÖROĞLU Nurgül
Published: February 2022

Soyu Hz. Hüseyin’e dayandığı için “Seyyid” ve “Hüseynî” nisbelerinin yanında, Cenâb-ı Hakk’ın izniyle kalplerdeki sırlara vukufiyeti veya Şems-i Tebrîzî’nin Konya’ya gelişini Mevlana’ya önceden haber vermesi dolayısıyla “Seyyid-i Sırdân”, Mevlana tarafından anıldığı üzere “Burhâneddîn, Burhân-ı Dîn, Burhân” ve tahkik ehli bir sûfî olduğunu belirten “Muhakkık” lakaplarıyla anılan Seyyid Burhâneddin Muhakkık-ı Tirmizî’nin Maârif adlı eseri, çoğunluğu Farsça, kısmen de Arapça bir eserdir. Eserin muhtevasında; Seyyid Burhâneddin’in tasavvufi sohbetleri, seyr-i sülûk ve marifetullah konularının veciz sözlerle anlatımı; Hakîm Senâyî, Ferîdüddîn-i Attâr ve Nizâmî-i Gencevî’den şiirler ile Hasan-ı Basrî’den Bâhâüddin Veled’e kadar meşhur sûfîlerin görüşleri yer almaktadır.

Tasavvufta nefis terbiyesi; nefsin isteklerini azaltarak onun beden üzerindeki hakimiyetini kırmak ve bu suretle sultani ruhun hükümranlığına imkan sağlamaktır. Ruh-ı sultani, Cenâb-ı Hakk’ın insana kendi zatından nefhettiği ruhtur ki, insanı diğer canlılardan ayıran hususiyet budur. Emir âleminden olan bu ruhun beden ile beraberliği, insanı müspet davranışlara yöneltir. Bunun zıddı olan hayvani ruh ise, insanın hayatiyetini devam ettirmesini sağlayan biyolojik yapıya hükmeden latif bir güçtür ki, ona “can” veya “nefis” de denmektedir. Bedeni hareket ettiren, konuşturan, her türlü faaliyetinin icra ve ifasını sağlayan bu ruh, ölümle beraber bedeni terk eder. Halk âleminden olan ve davranışların başlangıç noktasını teşkil eden bu ruh, terbiye edilmediği takdirde, ruh-ı sultaninin aksine, insan üzerinde menfi tasarruflarda bulunabilmektedir.

Seyyid Burhâneddin, Maârif’te, insanın nefsinin isteklerinden kurtulmasının çok zorlu bir mücadele gerektirdiğine dikkat çekerken nefis terbiyesi üzerinde ehemmiyetle durur. Ona göre insanı tehdit eden bütün tehlike ve afetlerin kaynağı “nefis”tir ve nefsine hakim olamayan insan her iki dünya saadetinden de mahrum kalır. Seyyid Burhâneddin; nefsin merhalelerinden, daha çok “emmâre” ve “mutmainne”den bahseder, “nefs-i mutmainne” mertebesine “nefs-i emmâre”nin isteklerine boyun eğmemek sayesinde erişilebileceğini ve kurtuluşun ancak bu şekilde mümkün olabileceğini açıklar. Bu çerçevede, sürekli kötülüğü emreden nefs-i emmâre hakkında Maârif’te bazı teşbih ve mecazlara rastlanır. Maârif’te nefsin benzetildiği başlıca unsurları; kendisiyle ölesiye mücadele edilmesi gereken bir düşman, Kur’an-ı Kerim’de bir kıssada zulmün sembolü olarak takdim edilen Câlût, binek vasıtası, hırsız ve canavar yahut köpek olmak üzere toplam beş grupta toplayabiliriz.

Bu makalede; Seyyid Burhâneddin’nin nefse bakışı ve nefis terbiyesine dair görüşleri üzerinde durulacak, Maârif’te yer alan nefse dair teşbih ve mecazlar açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.
The Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Research Misconduct Among Health Sciences Undergraduates: How Do They Associate?
Authors: Othman Mohd Sham , Mat Ludin Arimi Fitri , Muralitharan Raveena Vaidheswaary , Wan Mohd Yaacob Wan Muhamad Nasrul Naqim , Liew Sze Ling , Zuha Anis Afiqah , Ra'oh Nur Amalia , Ahmad Ruzaini Nur Raihan , Norazmi Nur Amanina
Published: February 2022

Research misconduct is an act of falsification, fabrication and plagiarism. This unethical act affects the quality of research publication among private and public sector and is a threat towards the public trust. Studies have shown that there are many factors contributing to the act of committing this behaviour such as environment, pressure and time constrain. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between knowledge, attitude, and practice of research misconduct among undergraduate students of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A questionnaire was adapted and modified for this study from the “Reporting of Suspected Research Misconduct in Biomedical and Behavioural Research” by the US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Research Integrity. Universal sampling method was applied, and the participants were the 4th and 3rd year students. Quantitative cross-sectional study was employed for this study.  As a conclusion, there is a weak association between the knowledge and attitude towards practices in research misconduct among undergraduate researchers of FSK, UKM KL which is not statistically significant.
Accessibility of Fitness Facilities and Physical Activity Participation: A Comparison of Disabled Athletes and Disabled People
Authors: Mohd Aznan Ellail Ain , Ismail Ahmad Dzulkarnain , Mohd Kassim Ahmad Fikri , Md Yusof Mohd Khairulanwar , Samat Hajar Asmidar
Published: February 2022

Accessibility is one of the most important aspects of the open environment, as it provides a sense of freedom, competence, and autonomy for active involvement and use. However, there is still a question about the accessibility given at sports and fitness facilities, particularly for disabled individuals, which has a negative impact on their involvement in physical activity. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to see if there was a link between the accessibility of fitness facilities and the engagement of impaired people and athletes in physical exercise. METHODS: The participants in this study were divided into two groups: disabled persons and disabled athletes, totaling 140 people with disabilities. The Accessibility Instrument Measuring Fitness and Recreation Environments (AIMFREE) and the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASID) were used to evaluate accessibility and physical participation (PASIPD). The Independent Sample t-test was used to examine the outcome. RESULTS: The findings revealed a significant relationship between fitness facility accessibility and physical activity involvement (p0.01, r=0.356**) and a significant difference in physical activity participation between disabled persons and disabled athletes (p0.05). DISCUSSION: The findings demonstrated that the accessibility of fitness facilities has an impact on the amount of physical activity engagement, and that disabled athletes are more attached to physical activity than disabled persons. CONCLUSIONS: The research might be broadened to learn more about the factors that influence disparities in physical activity engagement among impaired athletes and disabled persons
Una perspectiva bahá’í acerca del rol de los medios de comunicación y transporte en la configuración de una sociedad internacional
Authors: Jiménez Majide Rubén
Published: February 2022

El avance reciente de las tecnologías de comunicación y transporte ha abierto oportunidades y desafíos jamás vistos, acelerando el proceso de globalización. Las enseñanzas bahá’ís dibujan en el horizonte una sociedad en la que el conjunto de naciones del mundo vive en unidad y armonía. Este artículo hace una investigación cualitativa basada principalmente en una revisión documental y bibliográfica acerca de la influencia de dichas tecnologías sobre estos procesos sociales, y su correlación con la visión que proyectan las enseñanzas bahá’ís. Concluye identificando conexiones entre el avance científico y cómo parece acercar a la humanidad hacia semejante futuro orden mundial
Sex estimation using humeral and femoral head diameters in contemporary and prehispanic mexican populations
Authors: Zamora Adriana , Menéndez Garmendia Antinea , Ruiz-Velazco Fernando , Sánchez-Mejorada Gabriela , Márquez-Morfín Lourdes , Gómez-Valdés Jorge A.
Published: February 2022

In bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology the most reliable skeletal element for sex estimation is the pelvis; nevertheless, when it is missing, other postcranial elements must be used. The main goal of this research is to provide sectioning points for sex assessment from humeral and femoral head diameters for three prehispanic and two contemporary Mexican populations. Using a sliding caliper, a total of 386 (45.3% female and 54.6% male) humeral and femoral head diameters were recorded. The sectioning point was calculated as the mean between sexes, and univariate independent sample t-tests were performed to test significant differences between sexes. The results demonstrate significant sexual differences in all populations and high percentages of correct sex classification (90%-94%). We conclude that the proposed cut-off points can be used as an alternative for sex estimation in Mexican populations, in contexts with incomplete skeletons and/or fragmented bones.
Fecal extract from obese horses induces an inflammatory response by murine macrophages in vitro
Authors: Roth Paige , Stanley Jone , Chamoun-Emanuelli Ana , Whitfield-Cargile Canaan , Coleman Michelle
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

To compare the inflammatory response of murine macrophages exposed to the enteric microbiome of obese horses versus nonobese horses.

SAMPLE

Fecal samples from 12 obese horses (body condition score ≥ 7/9) and 12 nonobese horses (body condition score 4 to 5/9) with similar dietary management.

PROCEDURES

Fecal supernatant was prepared from frozen fecal samples. RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were exposed to the fecal extract. Inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6) gene expression was quantified via real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay, and cytokine concentration was quantified via ELISA. Lipopolysaccharide was evaluated in fecal extract via chromo-limulus amoebocyte lysate assay.

RESULTS

Compared with fecal extracts from nonobese horses, fecal extracts from obese horses presented higher concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and induced a heightened expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 from macrophages.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The increased levels of inflammatory markers induced in murine macrophages by the microbiome of obese horses in vitro suggested important differences in the enteric microbial composition of these horses, compared with nonobese horses. Overall, this study showed that the microbiome may play a role in mediating an inflammatory response within the gastrointestinal tract of obese horses. Mechanisms of obesity in the horse have not been fully elucidated. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of disease will guide future research into potential diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for equine obesity.
“You are a Champion and Will Always Be!” – Sports Fans, Influencers, and Media Consumption in 2021
Authors: Guld Ádám
Published: February 2022

The spread of digital media culture can be seen in action in almost every walk of life. The use of online media results in new solutions even in the most common practices, and the field of sports and related fan cultures are no exceptions to that. From the mid-2010s, the trend of sports events, athletes, and their fans becoming more and more connected to online space can be well observed. This transformation generates significant changes, which can often have far-reaching effects. One such phenomenon is that excellent athletes can appear in the role of online opinion leaders or influencers. In the following study, I present these processes based on the results of a recent study that examined changes in Hungarian fan habits in connection with the 2021 European Football Championship. The second half of the study then focuses on how changes in fan practices contribute to making athletes the most valuable players in the influencer market.
The Social Media Communication of Hungarian County Seats: Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube Presence
Authors: Papp-Váry Árpád , Szűcs-Kis Alexandra
Published: February 2022

The communication toolkit of urban marketing has changed significantly in recent years, with online solutions and social media becoming the focus of attention besides (and, in a way, instead of) classic offline tools. In our study, we explore how this toolkit can be effectively applied to cities and how cities should communicate through different platforms. For this purpose, we have created a kind of social media tutorial regarding Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. In our own primary research, we used data from the first quarter of 2021 to investigate the presence of Hungarian county seats on the abovementioned three platforms. For this purpose, in addition to the usual social media data, such as page likes, subscribers, number of views, or even the activity rate, we created a much more complex, professional but also – inevitably – somewhat subjective analysis system. It would be also worthwhile for other cities to use this criteria system as a checklist or to adopt good practices from the cities at the top of the list.
The Creative Economy as a Factor of Economic Development: Three Different Cases, One Common Objective
Authors: Lopez-Leyva Santos , Guzmán-Solano Gilberto
Published: February 2022

This article presents an economic analysis of the behavior of the creative economy of three countries: the United Kingdom (UK), the Republic of Korea (South Korea), and Mexico. The experience and the actions implemented by the first two countries are useful to suggest the implementation of public policies for Mexico. As is well known, the creative economic sector contributes to economic development and generates wealth for the nations. The activities included in this type of economy may vary from country to country since theorists, organizations, and governments use different approaches and there are current discussions regarding what activities to include in this sector. The question is why developed economies are most worried about this kind of topic and the developing countries not so much, despite that in the future both kinds of economies will face problems from technological unemployment. Since the beginning of this century, the UK and South Korea have implemented practices regarding creative economies. For example, these regions have created specialized organizations to foster creative economic sectors with the perspective of technological development and by offering them financial support. In 2013, South Korea created a program to support creative and cultural industries, particularly oriented to the international market; the program was coordinated by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning (MSIP). On the other hand, the government of Mexico has not implemented integral policies to assist or encourage creative sectors, where most of the support towards these sectors has come from private organizations and individual initiatives. The purpose of this article is to use the experiences of the UK and South Korea to suggest ideas and learning mechanisms that can be adopted by Mexico to implement practices, programs, and public policies to improve its creative sector.
An integrated framework for Web-based visualisation of forest resources estimated from remote sensing data
Authors: Cibula Róbert , Sačkov Ivan
Published: February 2022

Advanced remote sensing technologies has recently become an effective tool for monitoring of forest ecosystems. However, there is a growing need for online dissemination of geospatial data from these activities. We developed and assessed a framework which integrates (1) an algorithm for estimation of forest stand variables based on remote sensing data and (2) a web-map application for 2D and 3D visualisation of geospatial data. The performance of proposed framework was assessed in a Forest Management Unit Vígľaš (Slovakia, Central Europe) covering a total area of 12,472 ha. The mean error of remote sensing-based estimations of forest resources reached values of 16.4%, 12.1%, –26.8%, and –35.4% for the mean height, mean diameter, volume per hectare, and trees per hectare, respectively. The web-map application is stable and allows real-time visualization of digital terrain model, aerial imagery, thematic maps used in forestry or geology, and 968,217 single trees at forest management unit level.
Cutting practices in mature stands of Tilia cordata Mill.
Authors: Sultanova Rida , Martynova Maria , Konashova Svetlana , Khanova Elvira , Yanbaeva Vasilina
Published: February 2022

The right timing for replacing mature and over-mature forest stands with a young generation of trees is evident as it ensures continuity in forest management. The study aimed to assess the efficiency of cutting practices in mature stands of Tilia cordata Mill. Mono-dominant and poly-dominant, even- and different-aged linden tree forests in the southern Urals were studied. The study found that in the first years following the small scale forest cutting practices (the Murakhtanov method), retention trees of Tilia cordata Mill. showed longer crowns (by 0.3 ± 0.01 m) and higher crown diameter indices (by 0.11 ± 0.04 m). A single selection showed that nectar secretion potential was 2.1 ± 0.06 mg/flower in the first assessment year, the index was 1.8 ± 0.03 mg/flower in the control forest area where no trees were cut. In the third assessment year, nectar secretion potential rose to 4.1 ± 0.04 mg/flower, while the index fell to 2.0 ± 0.01 mg/flower in the control forest area. The comparative analysis of the shoot growth capacity in stools of different diameters showed that shoots regrew from 82% of stumps. Shoots did not regrow from stumps affected by rot, those ones destroyed in the cutting process, and also from stumps of 59 – 62 cm in diameter.
Silver birch aboveground biomass allocation pattern, stem and foliage traits with regard to intraspecific crown competition
Authors: Konôpka Bohdan , Pajtík Jozef , Šebeň Vladimír , Merganičová Katarína , Surový Peter
Published: February 2022

In the conditions of Central Europe, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) has so far not been an important species for commercial purposes but might be relevant from ecological point of view. For instance, prompt succession by birch and other pioneer tree species at large-scale post-disturbance areas is necessary to compensate for previous carbon losses by natural disasters. Therefore, our attention was focused on 14-year-old birch trees growing at the wind-thrown area in the High Tatra Mts. (northern Slovakia). We sampled aboveground biomass of 20 silver birch trees representing four classes of crown competition: 0 – competition free crowns, 1 – crowns under mild competition, 2 – crowns under moderate competition, 3 – crowns under severe competition. We studied biomass allocated to stems, branches and foliage, and basic properties of stems and foliage. The crown-competition free birches were nearly 13 m high, and their aboveground tree biomass was 150 kg. The biomass of birches under severe competition was five times lower. Crown competition modified biomass ratios of foliage to branch as well as of branch to stem. Our results showed that birches under severe competition stress invest more in height than in diameter. At the same time, crown competition modified foliage weight and specific leaf area (SLA), which was clear mostly in the upper part of the crowns. However, foliage area was influenced by crown competition only to a negligible extent. Our main finding is that foliage position (upper, middle or lower third of crown) affected foliage properties more than intraspecific crown competition. Finally, we pointed out that silver birch is a rather productive species that is not ecologically demanding. Therefore, it might be a prospective tree species under the ongoing climate change and the present period of intensification in renewable resources utilisation.
Postfire tree mortality and fire resistance patterns in pine forests of Ukraine
Authors: Sydorenko Serhii , Voron Volodymyr , Koval Iryna , Sydorenko Svitlana , Rumiantsev Maksym , Hurzhii Roman
Published: February 2022

The study was conducted in pure Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands within the forest steppe physiographic region of Ukraine damaged by surface fires with different intensity. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of different fire intensity on pine stand and individual trees, considering tree morphometric parameters and type of damage. The intensity and duration of fire-related tree mortality was different in stands with different age. We found that tree fire resistance is driven by tree diameter, height of the rough bark, and natural degree of thickness. The proportion of dead trees one year after the spring fires in the middle-aged pine stands was 5 times lower and in mature pine stands even 10 times lower than after the summer fires. The critical damage to tree crowns in young pine trees causing their death is 80% of the needles burned. In the middle-aged pine trees, critical damage depended on the size of trees. The death of large, mature trees after smoldering summer fires was associated with the accumulation of a large stock of forest litter and duff near the tree-base, which contributed to the increased intensity of fire and its localization near the base part of the trees. Based on our findings, postfire tree mortality models have been developed for different age groups of pine stands.
Tales from the Irish diaspora during COVID-19: Prompting a future research agenda for global mobility
Authors: Crowley-Henry Marian , Coogan Kim Margaret , Redmond Cora , Sheil Niall
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 global pandemic raises fundamental questions about the future of global mobility. This paper considers publicly posted blog posts from members of the Irish diaspora during the early months of the global pandemic in 2020. Using real-time self-reporting blogs permitted an unobtrusive snapshot into the living experiences of members of the Irish diaspora during this time. Content analysis was undertaken on a total of fifty-nine individual blogs, and key themes across the blogs are explored. The primary theme of technology as both enabler and inhibiter is unpacked, in relation to global communication, work-life balance and working from home – anywhere in the world. A research agenda pertaining to the future of global mobility is proposed.
Pressure, Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System Using the Arty Platform
Authors: Constantin S.C. , Predusca G. , Diaconu E.
Published: February 2022

The paper aims to present the usefulness of Field Programmable Gate Array - based systems, the elasticity of hardware design for reuse, and the use of hardware and software resources. The proposed measurement system is a starting point for the design of a weather station capable of interpreting the variation of the size of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity, which could make local weather predictions.
Entrepreneurship in the Business Market of Petroleum Products Marketing
Authors: Măgdoiu Liliana Doina , Gordan Mircea Ioan , Silaghi Helga , Pǎcalǎ Anca
Published: February 2022

This paper presents how in the business market of oil products marketing, an entrepreneur should be constantly aware of the needs, policies and purchasing techniquesxof companies, for the precise purpose of understanding what quantity of oil/complementary oil products and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) products he can sell. In addition, the entrepreneur must also take into account the sales aimed at individuals, which are done, in particular, through the fuel distribution stations or through the points of sale of LPG loads.

The business market in the field of selling petroleum products includes the totality of the companies that purchase petroleum products, complementary products and LPG loads. The purpose of such companies is to produce otherxgoodsxand servicesxthat can bexsold, rented or provided to others.
Humidity Control of Agricultural Soil Using Analog Modeling
Authors: Varban Rodica , Mesaros Diana , Silaghi Alexandru Marius , Colosi Tiberiu
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a simplified version of analog modeling for humidity of an agricultural soil, both isolated and included in a simple control scheme, being emphasized the application aspects for such a system. This article also includes preliminaries for agricultural soil model included in a simple humidity control scheme with some interpretation variants for evolution of processed signals for possible applications.
A Case Study on the Effect of Printing Temperature on the Tensile Strength of 3D Printed Parts with PLA Material
Authors: Iancu I. , Ionita M.G.
Published: February 2022

The fusion between the layers of a 3D printed part greatly influences the overall mechanical properties and can reduce its applications in certain domains. In order to obtain a better bonding between layers a study on the influence of printing temperature on the tensile strength of 3D printed parts is needed. The mechanical experiments were made on printed parts with polylactic acid material (PLA) on an open-source 3D printer with filament fabrication technology (FFF). The study is made on parts with the same layer height, infill ratio, dimensions, printed at the same speed. The obtained results show the influence of material printing temperature and the fast cooling on the mechanical properties of the 3D printed parts.
Pengalaman Kerja, Independensi, Integritas, Kompetensi dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kualitas Audit
Authors: Evia Zezen , Santoso R Ery WIbowo , Nurcahyono Nurcahyono
Published: February 2022

This study aims to empirically prove the effect of work experience, independence, integrity and competence on audit quality. This study employs quantitative method with primary data derived from all auditors who work in Public Accountant Office at Semarang City selected with convenience sampling. The results show that work experience, independence, integrity, and competence partially have a significant positive effect on audit quality. Thus, Public Accounting Firms in improving audit quality must pay attention to audit experience, independence, integrity, and competence of an auditor.