bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initiation mechanism of the first on-disk X-class flare of solar cycle 25
Authors: Duan Aiying , Jiang Chaowei , Zhou ZhenJun , Feng Xueshang
Published: May 2023

In this paper we study the initiation mechanism of the first on-disk X-class eruptive flare in solar cycle 25. Coronal magnetic field reconstructions reveal a magnetic flux rope (MFR) whose configuration is highly consistent with a filament existing for a long period before the flare; the eruption of the whole filament indicates that the MFR erupted during the flare. However, quantitative analysis shows that the pre-flare MFR resides too low to trigger a torus instability (TI). The filament experienced a slow rise before the flare onset, for which we estimated evolution of the filament height using a triangulation method by combining the SDO and STEREO observations, and find it is also much lower than the critical height for triggering TI. On the other hand, the pre-flare evolution of the current density shows progressive thinning of a vertical current layer on top of the flare polarity inversion line (PIL), which suggests that a vertical current sheet forms before the eruption. Meanwhile, there is continuous shearing motion along the PIL under the main branch of the filament, which can drive the coronal field to form such a current sheet. We thus suggest that the event follows a reconnection-based initiation mechanism as recently established using a high-accuracy magnetohydrodynamics simulation, in which an eruption is initiated by reconnection in a current sheet that forms gradually within a continuously sheared magnetic arcade. The eruption should be further driven by TI as the filament quickly rises into the TI domain during the eruption.
Spin of protoplanets generated by pebble accretion: Influences of protoplanet-induced gas flow
Authors: Takaoka Kohsuke , Kuwahara Ayumu , Ida Shigeru , Kurokawa Hiroyuki
Published: May 2023

Context. In the pebble accretion model, protoplanets accrete millimeter-to-centimeter-sized particles (pebbles). When a protoplanet grows, a dense gas envelope forms around it. The envelope affects accretion of pebbles and, in particular, the spin angular momentum transfer at the collision to the planet.

Aims. We aim to investigate the spin state of a protoplanet during the pebble accretion influenced by the gas flow in the gravitational potential of the protoplanet and how it depends on the planetary mass, the headwind speed, the distance from the host star, and the pebble size.

Methods. We performed nonisothermal three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations in a local frame to obtain the gas flow around the planet. We then numerically integrated three-dimensional orbits of pebbles under the obtained gas flow. Finally, assuming uniform spatial distribution of incoming pebbles, we calculated net spin by summing up specific angular momentum that individual pebbles transfer to the protoplanet at impacts.

Results. We find that a protoplanet with the envelope acquires prograde net spin rotation regardless of the planetary mass, the pebble size, and the headwind speed of the gas. This is because accreting pebbles are dragged by the envelope that commonly has prograde rotation. As the planetary mass or orbital radius increases, the envelope is thicker and the prograde rotation is faster, resulting in faster net prograde spin. When the dimensionless thermal mass of the planet, m = RBondi/H, where RBondi and H are the Bondi radius and the disk gas scale height, is larger than a certain critical mass (m ≳ 0.3 at 0.1 au or m ≳ 0.1 at 1 au), the spin rotation exceeds the breakup one.

Conclusions. The predicted spin frequency reaches the breakup one at the planetary mass miso,rot ~ 0.1 (a/1 au)−1/2 (where a is the orbital radius), suggesting that the protoplanet cannot grow beyond miso,rot. It is consistent with the Earth’s current mass and could help the formation of the Moon with a giant impact on a fast-spinning proto-Earth.
Experimental and numerical polarization analysis of the 3D transfer behavior in microsphere-assisted interferometry for 1D phase gratings
Authors: Hüser Lucie , Pahl Tobias , Lehmann Peter
Published: May 2023

Enhancing the lateral resolution in optical microscopy and interferometry is of great interest in recent research. In order to laterally resolve structures including feature dimensions below the Abbe resolution limit, microspheres in the optical near-field of the specimen are shown to locally improve the resolution of the imaging system. Experimental and simulated results following this approach are obtained by a high NA Linnik interferometer and analyzed in this contribution. They show the reconstructed surface of a 1D phase grating below the resolution limit. For further understanding of the transfer characteristics, measured interference data are compared with FEM (finite element method) based simulations with respect to the polarization dependency of the relevant image information for 1D phase gratings. Therefore, the implemented Koehler illumination as well as the experimental setup utilize polarized light.
Diversity and phylogeny of the tick-borne bacterial genus Candidatus Allocryptoplasma (Anaplasmataceae)
Authors: Ouass Sofian , Boulanger Nathalie , Lelouvier Benjamin , Insonere Jean-Louis-Marie , Lacroux Camille , Krief Sabrina , Asalu Edward , Rahola Nil , Duron Olivier
Published: May 2023

The family Anaplasmataceae includes tick-borne bacteria of major public and veterinary health interest, as best illustrated by members of the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. Recent epidemiological surveys have also reported on the presence of a novel putative genus in the Anaplasmataceae, Candidatus Allocryptoplasma, previously described as Candidatus Cryptoplasma in the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus. However, the genetic diversity of Ca. Allocryptoplasma and its phylogenetic relationship with other Anaplasmataceae remain unclear. In this study, we developed a multi-locus sequence typing approach, examining the DNA sequence variation at five genes of Ca. Allocryptoplasma found in ticks. Combining this multi-locus sequence typing and genetic data available on public databases, we found that substantial genetic diversity of Ca. Allocryptoplasma is present in Ixodes, Amblyomma and Haemaphysalis spp. ticks on most continents. Further analyses confirmed that the Ca. Allocryptoplasma of ticks, the Ca. Allocryptoplasma of lizards and some Anaplasma-like bacteria of wild mice cluster into a monophyletic genus, divergent from all other genera of the family Anaplasmataceae. Candidatus Allocryptoplasma appears as a sister genus of Anaplasma and, with the genera Ehrlichia and Neoehrlichia, they form a monophyletic subgroup of Anaplasmataceae associated with tick-borne diseases. The detection of genetically distinct Ca. Allocryptoplasma in ticks of significant medical or veterinary interest supports the hypothesis that it is an emergent genus of tick-borne pathogens of general concern.
Nonlinear fuzzy fractional signomial programming problem: A fuzzy geometric programming solution approach
Authors: Mishra Sudipta , Ota Rashmi Ranjan , Nayak Suvasis
Published: May 2023

Fuzzy fractional signomial programming problem is a relatively new optimization problem. In real world problems, some variables may vacillate because of various reasons. To tackle these vacillating variables, vagueness is considered in form of fuzzy sets. In this paper, a nonlinear fuzzy fractional signomial programming problem is considered with all its coefficients in objective functions as well as constraints are fuzzy numbers. Two solution approaches are developed based on signomial geometric programming comprising nearest interval approximation with parametric interval valued functions and fuzzy α-cut with min–max approach. To demonstrate the proposed methods, two illustrative numerical examples are solved and the results are comparatively discussed showing its feasibility and effectiveness.
Determination of Radiation Exposure of Individuals in the Population by Patients after Radioiodine Therapy – Comparison of two Measurement Systems
Authors: Hartmann Holger , Andreeff Michael , Claußnitzer Jörg , Kotzerke Jörg , Brogsitter Claudia
Published: May 2023

According to the requirements of radiation protection legislation, patients may only be discharged from the nuclear medicine therapy ward if it is ensured that the cumulative radiation exposure of the population is below 1 mSv per year. In the present study, dose measurements of patients after radioiodine therapy (RIT) and their relatives are to be used to prove that the radiation exposure resulting from the medical application is low and that the legal framework conditions are complied with. Furthermore, the results allow conclusions to be drawn about the measurement accuracy of the dosimeters used.

Methods: In 147 patients after RIT and their relatives, the dosage was measured over 14 days with different measuring systems. Finger ring dosimeters (FRD) were worn during the whole day, furthermore the dose was determined by non-official OSL and TLD dosimeters during the sleep phase.

Results: 88 data sets were used for the final analysis. With the FRD, dose values between 0.1–50 mSv were determined for the patients. As expected, the finger ring dose of the relatives was significantly lower, averaging 0.75 mSv compared to 10 mSv for the patient. For the TLD and OSL used in the sleep phase, the measured values were in the same range. The reproducibility of the measurement results was significantly better for the OSL than for the TLD.

Conclusion: Despite method-related measurement uncertainties, it can be concluded that the exposure dose of patients’ relatives after radioiodine therapy is low and that the legal requirements are met. Moreover, the now official OSL dosimeters represent a more accurate and for the chosen measurement task better suited measurement system than the TLD.

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Citation Format
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome Due to Fibrocartilaginous Embolism—Case Report and Treatment Options
Authors: Menke C. , Wieland I. , Bueltmann E. , Illsinger S. , Hartmann H.
Published: May 2023

Acute occlusion of the anterior spinal artery and subsequent spinal ischemic infarction leads to anterior spinal artery syndrome characterized by back pain and bilateral flaccid paresis with loss of protopathic sensibility. As a rare cause fibrocartilaginous embolism has been described and is associated with sports or unusual strain.

Following gymnastic exercise the day before symptom-onset, a 11 years old girl presented with neck pain, paresis of arms and legs, and impaired deep tendon reflexes. She was unable to lift her arms, grasp, stand, walk and had urinary incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a longitudinal T2 hyperintense signal in the anterior spinal cord from C3 to C6 with accompanying bilateral diffusion restriction involving gray matter bilaterally at the level of C4 and C5 and unilaterally at the level of C3/4. The adjacent annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc showed a fissure without disc protrusion. Treatment with prednisolone and enoxaparin was started within 12 hours of symptom-onset and continued over 6 days and 8 weeks, respectively. After 2 months, her motor function gradually improved, spinal imaging showed persistent T2 signal hyperintense defects at the level of C4/5. After 5 months, there was only slight impairment affecting elevation and abduction of the right arm.

Following physical exercise, the patient suffered from acute anterior spinal cord ischemia with imaging findings in line with a presumed fibrocartilaginous embolism. Unlike most cases, our patient showed almost complete recovery following treatment with prednisolone and enoxaparin. We speculate that the positive outcome is related to rapid treatment initiation.
The impact of perceived risk of online takeout packaging and the moderating role of educational level
Authors: Guo Meiwen , Wu Liang , Tan Cheng Ling , Cheah Jun-Hwa , Aziz Yuhanis Abdul , Peng Jianping , Chiu Chun-Hung , Ren Rongwei
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of e-commerce and the impact of COVID-19, online takeout has become the first choice of more and more consumers. Previous research has indicated that food packaging is of great significance to marketing performance, yet very little is known about the mechanisms through which food packaging pollution risk affects online takeout consumption. This study proposes an expanded model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by incorporating the Concept of Perceived Risk (CPR) to analyze the mechanism of consumers’ packaging pollution risk perception (PPRP) on their purchasing intention toward online takeout. Online survey was performed to collect data from 336 valid respondents in China, which was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The research findings verify the effectiveness of the TPB in the context of Chinese online takeout. Notably, the PPRP of online takeout was found to have a significant negative impact on consumers’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC). It was also confirmed that consumers’ attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC regarding online takeout partially mediate the negative relationship between PPRP and purchase intention. In addition, the findings corroborate the granular nuances among three groups concerning consumers’ education level. The results do not only provide suggestions to the online takeout industry but also contribute theoretical value and practical significance for the improvement of sustainable food consumption.
Highly ion conductive cross-linked ionogels for all-quasi-solid-state lithium-metal batteries
Authors: Pal Pulak , Ghosh Aswini
Published: May 2023

Highly Li+-ion conductive and stable cross-linked network based flexible ionogels have been prepared using the thermal polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) in the presence of an ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) composed of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) ionic liquid and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) salt, and their electrochemical behavior and stability have been investigated. The cross-linked polymerization reaction of monomers is confirmed using FTIR spectra. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity indicates that the Li–ion transport is coupled with the segmental dynamics of polymer chains. The prepared ionogel [PEGDA:ILE = 20:80(w/wt %)] with a 30 mol. % LiBF4 salt concentration exhibits a high ionic conductivity of ∼12.59 mS cm−1 and a lithium transference number of ∼0.56 at 30 °C. The lithium plating/stripping experiments indicate the formation of a robust and conductive solid electrolyte interface at the lithium electrode surface. The all-quasi-solid-state energy storage device such as a lithium-metal battery fabricated with this ionogel delivers a high discharge specific capacity of 156 mA h g−1 at a current rate of C/20 at 30 °C and achieves 83% capacity retention at the 50th cycle.
Application of a data-driven DTSF and benchmark models for the prediction of electricity prices in Brazil: A time-series case
Authors: Gontijo Tiago Silveira , Santis Rodrigo Barbosa de , Costa Marcelo Azevedo
Published: May 2023

The global energy market has significantly developed in recent years; proof of this is the creation and promotion of smart grids and technical advances in energy commercialization and transmission. Specifically in the Brazilian context, with the recent modernization of the electricity sector, energy trading prices, previously published on a weekly frequency, are now available on an hourly domain. In this context, the definition and forecasting of prices become increasingly important factors for the economic and financial viability of energy projects. In this scenario of changes in the local regulatory framework, there is a lack of publications based on the new hourly prices in Brazil. This paper presents, in a pioneering way, the Dynamic Time Scan Forecasting (DTSF) method for forecasting hourly energy prices in Brazil. This method searches for similarity patterns in time series and, in previous investigations, showed competitive advantages concerning established forecasting methods. This research aims to test the accuracy of the DTSF method against classical statistical models and machine learning. We used the short-term prices of electricity in Brazil, made available by the Electric Energy Commercialization Chamber. The new DTSF model showed the best predictive performance compared to both the statistical and machine learning models. The DTSF performance was superior considering the evaluation metrics utilized in this paper. We verified that the predictions made by the DTSF showed less variability compared to the other models. Finally, we noticed that there is not an ideal model for all predictive 24 steps ahead forecasts, but there are better models at certain times of the day.
Solutions of rods and spheres: Predictions for the diffusion coefficient
Authors: Izzo D.
Published: May 2023

The systems considered here are mixtures of neutral rods and spheres in solution, for which I aim to describe the rods’ diffusion coefficient. Several situations are studied according to the partial volume fractions and relative sizes between the two types of colloids. Using scaling analyses, I either obtain the translational or the rotational diffusion coefficient. Some of my predictions are compared with available experimental and numerical data, showing good agreement. The relevance of this work is to provide models that capture the main features concerning the diffusion of rods in mixed colloidal solutions and make contact with a much more intricate problem of diffusion in crowded media, such as the interior of the cytoplasm.
Multi-timescale scheduling strategy for multi-microgrids with accelerated alternating direction method of multipliers and stochastic model predictive control
Authors: Li Zhen-Long , Li Peng , Yuan Zhi-Peng , Xia Jing
Published: May 2023

The superiorities of renewable energy, such as wind and solar energy, have promoted the development of microgrids (MGs) and multi-microgrids (MMGs). However, how to coordinate the scheduling and transactions of MMGs with multi-timescale is still an important issue. This paper presents a scheduling and trading strategy of MMGs with two time-scales: day-ahead and intra-day. In the day-ahead scheduling stage, a MMG system with peer-to-peer connection is considered. Based on the idea of distributed updating parameters and adaptive selecting values in Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), an accelerated ADMM algorithm named improved adaptive accelerated ADMM (IAA-ADMM) is proposed, which is modeled and solved in a distributed manner. In the intra-day scheduling stage, based on the day-ahead scheduling, this paper utilizes stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) to optimize the intra-day model, which helps address the uncertainties of wind, solar, and load forecasting. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using numerical examples. The results show that the IAA-ADMM provides higher stability and faster convergence and facilitates easier implementation. The SMPC shows higher economic performance and has a higher application potential.
Russian strikes on Ukrainian nuclear plants stir talk but little action in Western nations
Authors: Kramer David
Published: May 2023

Even as shelling of Ukrainian facilities threatens a radiological disaster, Russia’s sales of enriched uranium to the US and the EU continue.
Hybrid scientific conferences: An ongoing experiment
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: May 2023

Duplicating or replacing serendipitous encounters in virtual environments is a challenge.
Modelling spatial and temporal correlation in multi-assessment perennial crop variety selection trials using a multivariate autoregressive model
Authors: De Faveri J. , Verbyla A. P. , Culvenor R. A.
Published: May 2023

Context Perennial crop variety selection trials are often conducted over several seasons or years. These field trials often exhibit spatial correlation between plots. When data from multiple assessment times are analysed, it is necessary to account for both spatial and temporal correlation. A current approach is to use linear mixed models with separable spatial and temporal residual covariance structures. A limitation of these separable models is that they assume the same spatial correlation structure for each assessment time, which may not hold in practice. Aims This study aims to provide more flexible methods for modelling the spatio-temporal correlation in multi-assessment perennial crop data, allowing for differing spatial parameters for each time, together with modelling genetic effects over time. Methods The paper investigates the suitability of two-directional invariant multivariate autoregressive (2DIMVAR1) models for analysis of multi-assessment perennial crop data. The analysis method is applied to persistence data from a pasture breeding trial. Key results The multivariate autoregressive spatio-temporal residual models are a significant improvement on separable residual models under different genetic models. The paper demonstrates how to fit the models in practice using the software ASReml-R. Conclusions A flexible modelling approach for multi-assessment perennial crop data is presented, allowing differing spatial correlation parameters for each time. The models allow investigation into genotype × time interactions, while optimally accounting for spatial and temporal correlation. Implications The models provide improvements on current approaches and hence will result in more accurate genetic predictions in multi-assessment perennial crop variety selection trials.
Transcriptome analysis reveals wax and phytohormone metabolism potentially involved in shooting shrivelling of apple branches overwinter
Authors: Gao Yanlong , Zhang Zhongxing , Wang Shuangcheng , Ma Naiying , Wang Yanxiu
Published: May 2023

Shoot shrivelling severely threatens growth and development of deciduous trees in the northern hemisphere, and we observed that there was a significant difference in shoot shrivelling rate between different apple varieties in practice. In this study, we investigated the anatomical and physiological characteristics of branches from different germplasm resources combined with an analysis of the transcriptome. Transcriptomes of samples treated in the initial dormancy, deep dormancy and freeze–thaw periods were generated and characterised. In three different periods, 7233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified including 3538 upregulated genes and 3695 downregulated genes. DEGs related to plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, cutin, suberin and wax biosynthesis were significantly enriched. Physiological characterisation showed that dormancy overwinter can induce the accumulation of soluble sugar and starch, shoot shrivelling rate of ‘Fuji’ was 2.31 times that of the ‘Delicious’; and the critical water content of ‘Delicious’ was significantly higher than ‘Fuji’. Phytohormone contents and proportions varied irregularly according to the overwintering phase among two varieties. Wax content, morphology and composition also exhibited difference. In conclusion, branch microstructure, phytohormone and wax metabolism all determined the overwintering performance of trees and phytohormones can regulate wax metabolism to ensure normal overwintering of trees.
Conventions of author self-reference in Chinese academic writing
Authors: Chen Rong , Yang Dafu
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we report on how authors of academic writing in Chinese (AWC) refer to themselves as single authors
in the area of language studies. We find that AWC writers rely on the 1st-person plural 我们
women “we,” 3rd-person NPs such as 作者/笔者 zuozhe/bizhe “this author,” and inanimate NPs such as
本文 benwen “this
article/paper” for self-reference. Based on these findings and subsequent surveys of journal style guides and interviews of
authors, we propose that (1) these self-referring expressions are a set of conventions; (2) the motivation for these conventions
is modesty, a deep-routed value of Chinese society; and (3) these expressions serve as indexicals to the writers’ identity of a
modest scholar in the particular discursive context: the genre of academic writing. By so doing, our work links language use to
social values, to identity studies, as well as to genre analysis, thus contributing to the literature in all these fields of
investigation.
“Trust X, because Y”
Authors: Yang Kun
Published: May 2023

Trust is of great importance in modern society, but few studies look at it from a linguistic perspective. This
paper explores the discourses of trust based on the data from the BLCU Chinese Corpus (BCC). This paper finds that the
communicator’s inner states of trust, suspicion, or distrust could be revealed through various metalanguage labels. This paper
also indicates several trustworthiness cues that would help determine whom to trust, including (i) the speaker’s credibility,
image, and identity, (ii) the relation between speaker and hearer, and (iii) the information being addressed. Further quantitative
analysis demonstrates that credibility plays a vital role in trust building, diminishing, or breaking. Besides, the communicators’
image or relation contributes to their trust-building, but there will be suspicion or distrust if their identity is not as
expected. This paper will contribute to the theoretical understanding of trust from a linguistic perspective and an account of how
people maintain trust in interpersonal communication.
Carbon superstructure nanoflower derived from self-assembly of polyimide for superior lithium storage
Authors: Li Shubing , Fei Ben
Published: May 2023

In this paper, three-dimensional carbon superstructures (CSSs) have been proposed through an effective method. Specifically, the hierarchical self-assembly of polyimide (PI) is followed by thermal annealing. Moreover, the structural evolution of PI under the various pyrolysis time was also comprehensively studied. It is noted that the as-prepared CSSs as anode composites for LIBs, especially CSS-5 h, exhibited extraordinary electrochemical properties, exhibiting a high reversible performance, great rate performance, and excellent cycling stability. As expected, the superior electrochemical capability can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of combining the nanoflower-like carbon superstructures with nitrogen contents. Such a method might encourage the inspirations to devise and obtain various heteroatom-modulated and hierarchical polymer-derived carbon composites for LIBs.
Serum metabolomic adaptations following a 12‐week high‐intensity interval training combined to citrulline supplementation in obese older adults
Authors: Youssef Layale , Durand Sylvère , Aprahamian Fanny , Lefevre Deborah , Bourgin Mélanie , Maiuri Maria Chiara , Dulac Maude , Hajj‐Boutros Guy , Marcangeli Vincent , Buckinx Fanny , Peyrusqué Eva , Morais José A. , Gaudreau Pierrette , Gouspillou Gilles , Kroemer Guido , Aubertin‐Leheudre Mylène , Noirez Philippe
Published: May 2023

Physical activity and nutrition play important roles in preventing adverse health outcomes that accompany aging. It has been shown that high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with citrulline (CIT) supplementation can improve physical and functional capacities. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum metabolites following a 12‐week HIIT combined or not with CIT in obese older adults, and to correlate the metabolic changes with clinico‐biological parameters changes. Eighty‐six obese older adults completed a 12‐week HIIT program combined with a 10 g daily supplementation of either CIT or placebo (PLA) during a double‐blinded randomized interventional trial. Only participants with blood samples at T0 (before the intervention) and/or T12 (after the intervention) were included in our sub‐analysis (HIIT‐PLA‐T0: n = 44 and HIIT‐PLA‐T12: n = 28; HIIT‐CIT‐T0: n = 39 and HIIT‐CIT‐T12: n = 42). Serum samples were analyzed by different liquid or gas phase chromatography methods coupled to mass spectrometry. Among the identified metabolites, 44 changed significantly following the 12‐week intervention (Time effect), and 10 of them were more affected when HIIT was combined with CIT (Time × Supp effect). Arginine increased significantly due to the 12‐week intervention. Correlation analyses demonstrated that decreased triglyceride (TG) (16:1/18:1/16:0) and aspartic acid significantly correlated with a reduction of adiposity‐related parameters (fat mass, leg lean mass, leptin, total triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein). Arginine, TG (16:1/18:1/16:0) and aspartic acid might constitute biomarkers of cardiometabolic health and adiposity. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations and understand the underlying mechanisms.

Highlights

A 12‐week intervention involving high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) with or without citrulline (CIT) supplementation induced adaptations in the serum metabolome of obese older adults through significant changes in 44 metabolites.

Changes in 23 metabolites were observed when a CIT supplementation was administered along with a 12‐week HIIT intervention.

TG (16:1/18:1/16:0) correlated with several adiposity parameters including leptin, triglycerides, legs lean mass.

Aspartic acid correlated with several adiposity parameters including leptin, LDL cholesterol as well as android, arms and trunk fat mass.
High performance solar-blind deep ultraviolet photodetectors via β-phase (In0.09Ga0.91)2O3 single crystalline film
Authors: Wang 王 Bicheng 必成 , Tang 汤 Ziying 梓荧 , Zheng 郑 Huying 湖颖 , Wang 王 Lisheng 立胜 , Wang 王 Yaqi 亚琪 , Wang 王 Runchen 润晨 , Qiu 丘 Zhiren 志仁 , Zhu 朱 Hai 海
Published: May 2023

We successfully fabricate a high performance β-phase (In0.09Ga0.91)2O3 single-crystalline film deep ultraviolet (DUV) solar-blind photodetector. The 2-inches high crystalline quality film is hetero-grown on the sapphire substrates using the plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). The smooth InGaO single crystalline film is used to construct the solar-blind DUV detector, which utilized an interdigitated Ti/Au electrode with a metal–semiconductor–metal structure. The device exhibits a low dark current of 40 pA (0 V), while its UV photon responsivity exceeds 450 A/W (50 V) at the peak wavelength of 232 nm with illumination intensity of 0.21 mW/cm2 and the UV/VIS rejection ratio (R
232 nm/R
380 nm) exceeds 4 × 104. Furthermore, the devices demonstrate ultrafast transient characteristics for DUV signals, with fast-rising and fast-falling times of 80 ns and 420 ns, respectively. This excellent temporal dynamic behavior can be attributed to indium doping can adjust the electronic structure of Ga2O3 alloys to enhance the performance of InGaO solar-blind detectors. Additionally, a two-dimensional DUV scanning image is captured using the InGaO photodetector as a sensor in an imaging system. Our results pave the way for future applications of two-dimensional array DUV photodetectors based on the large-scale InGaO heteroepitaxially grown alloy wide bandgap semiconductor films.
Multi-band analysis on physical properties of superconducting FeSe films
Authors: Che Jian-Tao , Ye Chen-Xiao
Published: May 2023

The origins of superconductivity and pairing symmetry of order parameters are still controversial problems for FeSe thin films up to date. Under the Neumann boundary conditions, the electromagnetic properties of this system are investigated using the two-band Ginzburg–Landau theory. We calculate the temperature dependence of upper critical field in arbitrary direction and critical supercurrent density through the FeSe film. It is revealed that the normalized upper critical field is independent of the film thickness and all of our theoretical results are in accordance with the experimental data. These thus strongly indicate the existence of two-gap s-wave superconductivity in this material.
Ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy for remote detection of chlorine gas
Authors: Walter A. , Wilsenack F. , Wolf T. , Duschek F.
Published: May 2023

As a primary material frequently used in industry, chlorine is relatively easy to obtain
and available even in large quantities. Despite its high toxicity, molecular chlorine is readily
available since it is an essential educt in the chemical industry. Over the past decades, numerous
accidents involving injured and dead victims have occurred. Furthermore, it was already misused as
a warfare agent at the beginning of the last century with still reported attacks. Early
detection, localization, and monitoring of sources and cloud movements are essential for
protecting stationary facilities, mobile operations, and the public. In contrast to most chemical
hazardous materials, where it is possible to detect them by vibrational spectroscopic methods
(e.g., passive hyper-spectral absorption technologies in the infrared), halogens are inactive to
infrared absorption. Raman-based technologies rely on changes in the polarizability of the
molecule and provide vibrational-spectroscopic access to such diatomic molecules and therefore
close the gap in infrared detection capabilities. Here we present a straightforward approach for
a standoff Raman detector in a backscattering configuration. This paper uses a simplified model to
discuss optimum excitation wavelengths in achievable detection ranges. We validate the model by
spontaneous (vibrational) Raman spectroscopic measurements between 20 and 60 m standoff
distance. We also briefly discuss detection performances and technical and physical aspects as
prospects of system design.
Study of plasma parameters in high enthalpy ICP-heated wind tunnel by using single Langmuir probe
Authors: Deng Weifeng , Liu Yanming , Li Rui , Zhang Jia , Li Xiaoping , Bao Weimin
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a single probe (SP) has been designed for study plasma parameters of High enthalpy ICP-heated wind tunnel. It is found that the electron temperature in the core region is about 2.4 eV and that in the edge region is about 3–4 eV. At the maximum power of the High Enthalpy ICP-heated wind tunnel, the electron density reach 4.34 × 1013 cm-3. Meanwhile, the radial electron density distribution of SP is numerically integrated to calculate the line integral density, which is compared with the line integral density measured by 890 GHz HCN laser interferometer. The results show that the probe diagnosis results have the same trend as the laser diagnosis results. The line integral electron density measured by SP is 0.8 times higher than that measured by the HCN interferometer.
The development of spectroscopic personal radiation detectors (SPRDs) for large area deployment
Authors: Qu Jinhui , Lei Jiarong , Liu Zibiao , Zhang Xiongjie , Zhang Haoran , Yuan Yonggang
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a type of spectroscopic personal radiation detectors (SPRDs) is developed, which can be used for large area early warning of radiation. The detector (about 240 g, 130 mm× 80 mm× 24 mm) enable the measurement of neutron and γ energy spectrum, and it can run for 12 h on battery power. The neutron detection module uses a planar 6Li glass scintillation crystal. The optical conversion and transmission of the scintillator is realized by using a wavelength shifting fiber (WLSF), and the photoelectric signal conversion is realized by using SiPM. The energy resolution of the thermal neutron peak is 15.5%. A better n/γ screening effect is obtained by using the amplitude screening method. The γ detection module uses CsI (Tl) scintillation crystals with SiPM to realize the photoelectric signal conversion with an average energy resolution of 6.3% (@661 keV). The detector has realized communication with Android cell phone through Bluetooth communication, and radiation monitoring software has been developed on the Android to transmit real-time monitoring data to the server for analysis and early warning, which realize large area abnormal radiation warning.
Call of duty: recommissioning an old HPGe detector
Authors: Lagaki V. , Siltzovalis G. , Angelopoulou V. , Vasileiou P. , Madesis I. , Mertzimekis T.J.
Published: May 2023

A decommissioned p-type, co-axial HPGe detector has been recently brought
back to operational mode in an effort to build a γ-ray spectroscopy
station at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens dedicated for
environmental radioactivity studies. The detector was fully characterized
prior to and during its operation to obtain detailed information on its
linear response, efficiency and energy resolution. The geometrical features
of the HPGe crystal were studied with a combination of X-ray CT,
γ-ray tomography and detailed simulations with both MCNP5 and Geant4.
A 3D reconstruction of the crystal was attempted using the recorded data to
examine its overall placement and alignment inside the enclosure. Due to the
prolonged inactivity, the crystal integrity and the dead layer expected to
develop over the years were additionally studied. The results show that after
about three decades of inactivity, the active volume of the crystal has been
reduced significantly, an effect having an impact on its quality features
(resolution, efficiency). Overall, the detector was found to perform
substantially well.
Lift enhancement of a butterfly-like flapping wing vehicle by reinforcement learning algorithm
Authors: Xiong Min , Wei Zhen , Yang Yunjie , Chen Qin , Liu XiYan
Published: May 2023

In order to enhance the take-off lift of a butterfly-like flapping wing vehicle (FWV), we implemented an integrated experimental platform and applied a reinforcement learning algorithm. The vehicle, which has a wingspan of 81 cm and is mounted on a stand with a force sensor, is driven by two servos that are powered and controlled wirelessly. To achieve the goal of enhancing take-off lift, we used a model-free, on-policy actor-critic proximal policy optimization algorithm. After 300 learning steps, the average aerodynamic lift force increased significantly from 0.044 N to 0.861 N. This enhanced lift force was sufficient to meet the take-off requirements of the vehicle without the need for any additional aids or airflow. Additionally, we observed a strong lift peak in the upstroke after analyzing the learning results. Further experiments showed that this lift peak is directly related to the elastic release of the wing twist and the opening and closing of the gap between the forewing and hindwing in the early stage of the upstroke. These findings were not easily predicted or discovered using traditional aerodynamic methods. This work provides valuable reinforcement learning experience for the future development of FWVs.
Towards carbon-neutral sustainable development of China
Authors: Lin Jintai , Nie Ji , Wang Tao , Yue Xu , Cai Wenjia , Liu Yu , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2023

As a major economy with large amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and ecosystem carbon sink, China’s commitment and pathway towards carbon neutrality is of global importance. Faced with the dual challenges of sustained economic growth and environmental protection, there is pressing need to integrate scientific knowledge from multiple disciplines to support policymaking on emission mitigation and carbon sink enhancement. This focus issue, with a companion workshop with the same theme, offers an opportunity to meet such need. With a total of 21 published papers, the focus issue provides more solid evidence of intensifying weather extremes caused by anthropogenic emissions, evaluates the potential of exploitation of terrestrial carbon sink which is in turn under the threat of warming, and reveals the challenges and opportunities of anthropogenic emission mitigation from perspectives of GHG types, economic sectors, environmental co-benefits, and disproportional impacts across the stakeholders. A comprehensive framework to combine data and models from related disciplines is a crucial next step to form integrated information much needed for climate action.
Effect of carrier doping on the electronic states of earth-abundant Fe–Al–Si thermoelectric materials
Authors: Tsuda Shunsuke , Yoshinari Asako , Takezawa Shingo , Ohishi Kenta , Nagamura Naoka , Zhang Wenxiong , Iwasaki Yutaka , Takagiwa Yoshiki
Published: May 2023

Fe–Al–Si-based thermoelectric (FAST) materials are non-toxic and low-cost materials that can be used for autonomous power supplies to drive internet-of-things wireless sensor devices. The conduction type can be controlled by changing the Al/Si ratio, which is suitable for fabricating reliable thermoelectric power-generation modules consisting of materials with similar thermal expansion coefficients. In this work, we evaluated the electronic structures of p- and n-type FAST materials with relatively large absolute values of the Seebeck coefficient by photoemission spectroscopy to obtain deeper insight into controlling the p-n characteristics of FAST materials. The core-level spectra suggested that the FAST materials have a covalent bonding nature. The chemical-potential shift should be the dominant factor of the core-level shift, which is consistent with the expected behavior of carrier doping of thermoelectric semiconductors, that is, rigid-band-like behavior. The size of the core-level shift of ∼0.15 eV is close to the band gap of ∼0.18 eV obtained from transport measurements. The observed electronic structure can qualitatively explain the experimental results.
Investigating the effects of gold and titania nanoparticles in the treatment of breast cancer using a compressed breast phantom in the presence of high intensity low mono-energetic x-ray radiation
Authors: Sadremomtaz A , Dalili N
Published: May 2023

Today, with the advancement of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with high atomic numbers such as gold and titania nanoparticles can be specifically concentrated in tumor cells in various ways and benefited from the advantage of increasing the dose due to the proximity of these elements next to cancer cells as a radiation sensitizer. In this research, parameters such as radiation energy (in the range of kilo voltage), nanoparticles concentration, and tumor depth were investigated in the compressed breast phantom by using the MCNPX code to investigate the effect of radio sensitivity. The tumor in the form of a cube with sides of 0.5 cm was labeled with spherical nanoparticles of titania and gold with a radius of 70 nm with different concentrations. The results showed that exposure to the range of kilo voltage causes photoelectric absorption to occur with a high probability and a relatively large dose is delivered to the tumor. The energy that can cause the most damage to the tumor was obtained at 65 keV in the presence of gold nanoparticles and in the range of 40 to 45 keV in the presence of titania nanoparticles. Also, with increasing concentration the dose enhancement factor increases, but with increasing depth, for dose enhancement factor does not change.
Improved fatigue resistance in transfer-printed flexible circuits embedded in polymer substrates with low melting temperatures
Authors: Chalklen Thomas , Smith Michael , Kar-Narayan Sohini
Published: May 2023

Flexible electronics are of great interest and importance due to their applications in a range of fields, from wearable electronics to solar cells. Whilst resolutions of printed flexible electronics have been improving in recent years, there remain problems with mechanical fatigue and substrate cost, curtailing the use of such devices and resulting in increased cost and waste products. Here we present a novel method for improving the fatigue resistance of printed flexible electronics by a factor of ∼40 by sintering the electronics prior to transferring them into low-cost polymer substrates, such that they remain embedded. This method is demonstrated using circuits printed using silver nanoparticulate ink with an aerosol jet printer, and could be applicable to multiple different metallic inks. At the same time, this method can be used to transfer print circuits into polymers with low melting temperatures, without the need for otherwise detrimentally high sintering temperatures required for ink curing.
Assessment of public and private land cover change in the United States from 1985–2018
Authors: Healey Nathan C , Taylor Janis L , Auch Roger F
Published: May 2023

An assessment of annual land cover on publicly and privately managed lands across the conterminous United States (CONUS) from 1985–2018 was performed, including land cover conversions within their management category, to inform future policy and land-use decision-making in natural resource management. Synthesizing land cover data with land management delineations aids our ability to address effects of land management decisions by public or private entities. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) version 2.1 data delineate land management categories and enable examination of land cover composition and change using the USGS Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) reference data. Average composition of our delineated CONUS results using LCMAP land cover classes is 40% Grass/Shrub (GS), 29% Tree Cover (TC), 18% Cropland (CP), 5% Developed (DV), 5% Wetland (WL), 1.8% Water (WR), and 0.9% Barren (BN). Private (public) land is composed of 35% (52%) GS, 27% (36%) TC, 25% (1%) CP, 7% (1%) DV, 5% (5%) WL, 2% (2%) WR, and less than 1% (3%) BN. Land cover change averaged less than 1% per year. The largest net percentage gains across CONUS were in DV land and GS, and the greatest net losses were in CP and TC. Approximately 73% of CONUS is private land and, thus, land cover change across CONUS is largely a reflection of private land change dynamics. Private compositional changes show net gains from 1985–2018 in DV (2.3%), WR (0.2%), and GS (0.1%) classes, while net losses occurred in CP (−1.9%), TC (−0.6%), WL (−0.1%), and BN (−0.01%). Public land cover changes show net gains in GS (1%), DV (0.2%), WR (0.01%), WL (0.05%), and BN (0.1%) classes, and net losses in CP (−0.3%) and TC (−1%). Our study reveals connections between land cover conversion and various policy and socioeconomic decisions through time.
Space borne nulling interferometry with non-rotating telescope arrays
Authors: Hénault François
Published: May 2023

Spaceborne nulling interferometry in the mid-infrared waveband is one of the most promising techniques for characterizing the atmospheres of extra-solar planets orbiting in the habitable zone of their parent star and possibly discovering life markers. One of the most difficult challenges is the control of a free-flying telescope spacecraft moving around a central combiner to modulate the planet signal. Moreover, the entire array must be reconfigured regularly to observe different celestial targets, thus increasing the risk of losing one or more spacecraft and aborting the mission before its normal end. This paper describes a simplified optical configuration in which the telescopes do not need to be rotated and the number of necessary array reconfigurations is minimized. It allows efficient modulation of the planet signal, using only making use of rotating prisms or mirrors located in the central combiner. The general principle of a Nulling interferometer with a fixed telescope array is explained. Mathematical relationships were established to determine the planet modulation signal. Numerical simulations were performed for three different arrangements of collecting telescopes. They confirmed that nulling interferometry in space did not require a rotating telescope array.