bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The coadministration of trehalose dibehenate and monosodium urate crystals promotes an antitumor phenotype in human-derived myeloid cells
Authors: Kodar Kristel , McConnell Melanie-Jane , Harper JL , Timmer Mattheus , Stocker Bridget
Published: June 2020

© 2020 Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc. Trehalose dibehenate (TDB), a ligand for the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin, has shown promise as an adjuvant for preventative vaccines and also as an anticancer agent in murine assays. The potential for TDB to affect the antitumor immune response of human myeloid cells, however, has not been studied. We investigated the effect of the adjuvants TDB and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals on the protumor or antitumor immune phenotype of human monocytes, macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs). TDB treatment alone led to an inflammatory response in all three cell types, which was most pronounced when using human monocytes, with MSU augmenting this response. TDB also decreased cell surface markers associated with a protumorigenic phenotype, with MSU showing some ability to augment this response. Notably, a significant reduction in CD115 was observed for all antigen-presenting cells upon TDB or MSU + TDB treatment. The potential to increase the antigen-presenting capabilities of the myeloid cells was also observed upon treatment with TDB and MSU + TDB, as indicated by the upregulation of cell surface markers such as CD86 for all three cell types and a favorable ratio of interleukin (IL)-12p40 to IL-10 for monocytes stimulated with MSU + TDB. There was no significant production of IL-12p40 by Mo-DC; however, in a mixed lymphocyte assay, MSU + TDB costimulation of Mo-DC led to a significant increase in CD4+ T-cell numbers and in the IL-12p40-to-IL-10 ratio. Taken together, these findings show for the first time the potential of MSU + TDB costimulation to favor a tumor-suppressive phenotype in human-derived myeloid cells.
Ortho -Substituted lipidated Brartemicin derivative shows promising Mincle-mediated adjuvant activity
Authors: Foster Amy , Kodar Kristel , Timmer Mattheus , Stocker Bridget
Published: June 2020

This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry. The macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) that is a promising target for the development of Th1-polarising vaccine adjuvants. We recently reported on the synthesis and evaluation of lipidated Brartemicin analogues that showed Mincle agonist activity, with our lead agonist exhibiting potent Th1 adjuvant activity that was greater than that of trehalose dibehenate (TDB). Herein, we report on the efficient synthesis and subsequent biological evaluation of additional lipidated Brartemicin analogues that were designed to determine the structural requirements for optimal Mincle signalling. While all the Brartemicin analogues retained their ability to signal through Mincle and induce a functional response, the o-substituted and m,m-disubstituted derivatives (5a and 5d, respectively) induced a potent inflammatory response when using cells of both murine and human origin, with this response being the greatest observed thus far. As the inflammatory response elicited by 5a was slightly better than that induced by 5d, our findings point to o-substituted Brartemicin analogues as the preferred scaffold for further adjuvant development.
Financial and Operating Working Capital: Unraveling Obscured Portion of Balance Sheet
Authors: Kashif Saeed  , Khan Areeba
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to provide a new obscured aspect of financial working capital in working capital management, and investigate the association between financial and operating working capital with business performance. This paper also examines the interacting effect of net cash flow on this relationship. The current study introduces a modification in cash conversion cycle (CCC) by taking concealed trade advance payments.

Design/methodology/approach- This study employs fixed effect regression model, covering a sample of Automobile sector companies, listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period of fourteen years from 2005 to 2018. Secondary data is collected from companies’ financial annual reports, PSX website, and Balance sheet analysis of State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). The study is explanatory and deductive in nature. Financial working capital (FWC) and new measure of operating working capital (OWC) i.e. modified cash conversion cycle (mCCC) is introduced & empirically tested with 252 firm-year observations.

Findings- The regression results shows, a convex association between OWC & FWC, with business performance, in dearth of internal cash. However, after taking interacting effect of internal availability of cash, only FWC relation has become concave. The result also shows that mCCC provides a more realistic view of OWC.

Research limitations/implications- This study has considered, concealed trade prepayments only, further research could include other components in mCCC. Moreover micro, macro factors and status of the economy such as depression or boom may also affect the results of the research. The findings suggest that managers should separately deal operating & financial working capital. Firms’ performance can be enhanced, if Finance Manager Take account internal cash of the firm. In case of deficiency (sufficiency) of it, he should work to decrease (increase) the investment amount in operating working capital (financial working capital). Overall, the results will be helpful to the financial experts and business practitioner in analyzing, and utilization of their resources.

Originality/value- This study adds a new dimension in working capital by separating it into operating and financial working capital.  The study also offers insights into the new knowledge of extension in CCC, role of concealed advance payments and internal cash flow, for class teachers and business practitioners. It will also describe the new avenues for further research in this field. 

 

Key Words:  Financial working capital, Operating working capital, Trade advanced payments and modified cash conversion cycle (mCCC).
The Impact of Educational Technologies in Higher Education
Authors: Cabaleiro-Cerviño Goretti , Vera Carolina
Published: June 2020

The formation of human capital is key to countries’ social, cultural and economic development. The current literature pays considerable attention to the ever-increasing proliferation of technology in the careers of college and graduate school. While the presence of educational technology in higher education offers multiple benefits, its implementation also presents challenges. The literature has considered multiple tools for improving learning processes. The results of such tools vary and are difficult to measure in terms of quality. In this document, we analyze the issues surrounding educational technology in higher education.
Gambaran Radiografi Toraks Pasien HIV Dengan Tuberkulosis Paru Berdasarkan Nilai CD4 Di Rumah Sakit Umum Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau
Authors: Jendriella Jendriella , Yazmiati Dian , Makmur Andreas , Saad Azizman
Published: June 2020

Diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-Tuberculosis coinfected patients is difficult. Thorax x-ray is a primary tool to evaluatetuberculosis in HIV. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess and compare various radiologicalpatterns of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV patients with CD4 counts. This study conducted in Arifin Achmad HospitalRiau province from December 2016-December 2018 with 55 HIV-tuberculosis coinfected patients. WHO guidelineswere used for diagnosis of HIV and tuberculosis. 100% of the patients had sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis,with higher incidence (83,6%) among CD4 less than 200 as compared to CD4 more than 200 (16,4%). Infiltration (32,7%)followed by normal (18,2%), and fibrosis (11%) seen with CD4 less than 200. Infiltration (9,2%) followed by normal(3,6%) and fibrosis (1,8%) with CD4 above 200. Mid and lower zone (50%) more commonly seen in CD4 < 200. Despitein CD4 >200 upper zones more commonly seen. Most lesions were found in mid zone of lung. There were significantdifferences in radiological patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV according to CD4 counts.
THE CORRELATION OF CARAPACE WIDTH – BODY WEIGHT, CONDITION FACTOR, AND ABUNDANCE OF SCYLLA SERRATA FORSSKÅL, 1775 IN EMBANKMENT LANE SILVOFISHERY DEVELOPMENT AREA OF MAROS DISTRICT
Authors: Yunus Budiman , Suwarni
Published: June 2020

The research aims to find out the correlation of carapace width – weight, condition factor and abundance of mangrove crab based on observation time and sex in the coastal waters of Maros district, South Sulawesi. This research provides information on the pattern of growth and chubbiness of mangrove crabs and its abundance in the coastal area of Maros district, South Sulawesi. The study was conducted from early February until the end of April 2019. Sampling was conducted on the coastal area of Kuri Lompo and estuary of Maros which is an integrated mangrove pond development (silvofishery). 213 mangrove crabs (120 male and 93 female) obtained from fishermen were measured. The coefficient b of male and female mangrove crabs in February and March were 3.3626 and 2.6674, respectively. In April, b value of male and female mangrove crab was 3.5965 and 2.6506, respectively. This relation shows the growth type for males is allometric-positive whereas for females is allometric-negative. In April also saw the same growth coefficient in the previous month allometric positive for males and allometric negative for females. In general, the condition factor of male mangrove crabs in February and March is greater than female mangrove crabs. While, in April the condition factor of female mangrove crab is greater than male mangrove crab. The nature of condition factor of mangrove crab represents the distribution of crab abundance in the embankment lane silvofishery development area of 0.015 ind./m2.
RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF SUCCESS OF IMPLANT SUPPORTED PROSTHESIS: EARLY RESULTS
Authors: Demirekin Zeynep Başağaoğlu , Findik Yavuz , Turkaslan S. Süha , Baykul Timuçin , Erken Merve
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The interpretation of clinical results of dental implant supported prosthesis treatment is very crucial to be able to make a comparison between different implant systems and treatment options and furthermore to benefit the experiences of the other clinicians. However, the clinical outcomes of these studies should be reported in an objective way and be independent from the system used and also be prepared in accordance with certain criteria and standards that have been accepted scientifically world-wide for being reliable and describing long-term results.

Aim: Three-hundred and eighty-two consecutive NTA implants were performed on ninety-nine patients. The implants used in 2016 and the constructed restorations were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, the effect of the experience of clinician was evaluated related with the success of the implant therapy.

Materials and Method: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics Süleyman Demirel University. Three-hundred and eighty-two consecutive NTA implants were performed on ninety-nine patients. The implants used in 2016 and the constructed restorations were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The implants were followed for at least 2 years. In total, 239 implants were inserted. It was found in 143 mandibles. Prosthetic restorations were determined to be partial prosthetics (219), single crown (81) and overdenture prosthetics (64). During the evaluation period, 6 implants failed before prosthetic treatment, ten decementations, six retentive screw loosening and five porcelain chipping were detected.

Discussion and Conclusions: The early results of our study are consistent with the results of other studies. However, long-term follow-up is required for more accurate assessments.
ADOPTION OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE AND ANALOG FORESTRY IN BUI DIVISION, NORTHWEST REGION, CAMEROON
Authors: ANGWAFO TSI Evaristus , DANERNYUY KEMKIA Christian
Published: June 2020

Analogue forestry involves blending traditional knowledge and science to recover and valorise indigenous knowledge, creating systems that are familiar to traditional societies and meet the needs of contemporary forest-dependent communities. Conservation agriculture is based the principles of minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover and crop rotations so as to achieve sustainable and profitable agriculture and improve farmers ‘livelihoods. Every farmer is a researcher, who experiments every season on his or her farm. Farmers who find something that works are likely to repeat it the next season, and to tell their friends about it. This study set out to examined the extent of the adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) and analog forestry (AF) in Bui, the sociocultural and economic benefits of these agricultural methodologies to the population. Feld observations, interviews and the administration of questionnaires was the methodology used. The data were analysed descriptively and by simple statistical techniques using SPSS. The findings posits that CA and AF have been greatly adopted thanks to the farmers, government and NGOs/CIGS in Bui Division. The adoption of these strategies have contributed at improving the socio-cultural, economic and environmental conditions of the people. Finally, the study concludes that there has been 81% adoption of CA and 61% adoption of AF which has significantly benefited the population through increase in source of income, environmental protection and drop in cost of production.
PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KECIL PELAPISAN LOGAM
Authors: Yudo Satmoko , Said Nusa Idaman
Published: June 2020

Water pollution in Jakarta area, especially river and shallow groundwater, had become a very serious problem. Pollution problem caused by small industrial activities had not been got attetion. Some activities, which often cause water pollution problem, were wastewater from electroplating small industry. This wastewater was one of the most potential pollutant sources, because it contains high concentration of heavy metal pollutant such as Fe, Ni, Zn, Cr, ect. To anticipate its negative effect to the environment and social life, it needs to provide a technical standard plan to manage wastewater treatment plant, especially of electroplating small industries. The purpose of these activities is to do the assessment and application of wastewater treatment technology of electroplating small industry. The target is to get design engineering and pilot plant of wastewater treatment technology for electroplating small industry. Kata kunci : Pencemaran logam berat, Pengolahan limbah cair industri kecil pelapisan logam.
MIKROORGANISME PATOGEN DAN PARASIT DI DALAM AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK SERTA ALTERNATIF TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN
Authors: Said Nusa Idaman , Marsidi Ruliasih
Published: June 2020

Domestic waste are known to be a potential pollutant due to its’ organic and inorganic content. It is also harmful for society for its pathogenic microorganism contents such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasitic worms, parasitic protozoa, etc. The lack of domestic waste processing facilities is contributing to the increasing seriousness of this matter.One of the alternative ways to amend the problem is to process the waste individually or semi-communally by utilizing an aerobic-anaerobic biofilter process. Some of the advantage of utilizing this process is: easy maintenance, low operation cost, relatively lower sludge compared to the activated sludge  process, can remove nitrogen and phosphorus, relatively lower air supply requirement for aeration, applicable in processing waste water with large amount of BOD and it can also remove suspended solid (SS).  Results gained from experiments of the “Aerobic-Anaerobic Biofilter Combination” tool prototype, used for processing domestic waste showed that with a hydraulic retention time of 1 to 3 days and a Hydraulic   re-circulation ratio (HRR) of 1, is a highly efficient process which is: BOD 84.7% - 91%, COD 79.6%-95.3%, SS 94.1% - 95%, Ammonia (NH4-N) 89.3%-89.8%, Detergent (MBAS) 83% - 87% and phosphate (PO4) 44,4% - 47.3%. Kata kunci : Air limbah domestik, patogen, parasit, biofilter, anaerob, aerob.
PENGARUH GARAM NaCl TERHADAP KINERJA PROSES BIOLOGIS ANAEROBIK
Authors: Mahmud Ikbal
Published: June 2020

Anaerobic treatment of synthetic wastewater with a high NaCl content was investigated for its effect on the process. The synthetic wastewater, including NaCl up to 40 g/l, was treated anaerobically by draw-and-fill method at a treatment temperature of 37℃ and volumetric loading of rate TOC of 1 g/l/d. TOC removal efficiency and rate of gas evolution rate gradually decreased as salt content increased, although stable operation was maintained. TOC removal efficiency remained high at concentration of NaCl up to 20 g/l, although it fell to 82 % at 30 g NaCl/l. The gas yield at 10, 20 and 30 g NaCl/l were 1.35; 1.10 and 1.00 l/g-TOC loaded, which corresponded to 96; 83 and 78% of that without NaCl, respectively. The content of methane in the evolved gas was 50 to 55% throughout the experiment. Stable operation could not be maintained at 40 g NaCl/l since the TOC removal efficiency gradually decreased with the rapid increased in levels of volatile fatty acidsKata kunci : fermentasi metana, garam NaCl, konduktifitas, asam-asam organik, biogas
PENGELOLAAN AIR MINUM BERBASIS MASYARAKAT Studi Kasus Pembangunan Air Minum Di Desa Nelayan II Kabupaten Sungai Liat, Propinsi Bangka-Belitung
Authors: Yudo Satmoko
Published: June 2020

According to the result of the World Bank study, from 121 drinking water management projects in rural area, only 20 (16,6%) are very effective projects. A lot of drinking water management in developing country, including Indonesia is not running well. One of the reasons of this problem is that community did not take part in developing and managing drinking water treatment plant. A right policy and strategy could overcome the problem and give an effective and sustainable of drinking water management.This paper generally explain principles and general policy in developing the drinking water treatment plant and how to apply the strategies, therefore that it is running well and the are will being of the community sustainable.There is also an example, a case study about small-scale drinking water treatment plant in a fisherman village, Sungai Liat, Province Bangka-Belitung where the community took part in every stage of building it. Keywords: Community based of drinking water management, policy of developing the drinking water treatment plant, application of strategies
APLIKASI METODA RES-2D UNTUK EKSPLORASI AIR BAWAH TANAH DI DAERAH KARS
Authors: Kuswanto Agus
Published: June 2020

People have long been interested in kars, the typically topograhy in limestone area. There are many spectacular ornament in the caves caused by carbonates presipitates. Among the most common shapes which is be chief attraction for cave visitors is stalactites, stalagmites and columns.  Beside of the excitements, kars also have hard problem for people who lived in that area. It is how to find out water for their living.   Karst formation, both the surface (dolina, hill, etc) and underground forms (caverns, groundwater conduits, underground streams), appears as conductive zones relative to adjacent undisturbed limestone.  Therefore resistivity methode will produce good results if  applied to identify dolina, conduits , caverns and structure of geology in kars. The methode  describes in this paper is Res-2D with configuration of pole-dipole with area for research are kars in Pacitan and Tulungagung region. Four principal layers can typically be differentiated in a vertical section : near surface (clayey) loam and soil in dolina, dry karstified limestone, conduit cave and solid unkarstified limestone. They have contrast of resistivity. Conduits have resistivity value range from 10 to 20 ohmm, whereas resistivty of cave is 1000 ohmm. Karstified limestone have resistivity value from 20 to 250 ohmm, whereas massive limestone have resistivity 250 ohmm.  This paper shows that Res-2D methode can give good contribution in exploration of groundwater in kars area.    Kata Kunci : Kars, Res-2D, Conduits
KINETIKA PROSES AOPs UNTUK PENGHILANGAN WARNA AIR LIMBAH PRODUKSI BATIK
Authors: Nugroho Rudi , Mahmud Ikbal
Published: June 2020

An experiment of Advanced Oxydation Processes (AOPs) was conducted in semi-pilot scale using ozon and hydrogen peroxide. The reaction of ozon and hydrogen peroxide  produce an active hydroxil which can crack a long-chain organic compounds such as azo dyes. A wastewater contains colour substances coming from batik industries in Jababeka was treated by AOPs. The reaction rate was affected by ozon concentration supplied to the wastewater. The more ozon concentration, the colour removal became faster.The colour removal using AOPs could be illustrated by first-order chemical reaction equation.The constant of reaction was calculated from experiment as high as 0,38 per hour.The cost for treating the wastewater using AOPs was  Rp.3.656,- for one cubic meter of wastewater. Key words:  AOPs, Colour Removal, Hydrogen Peroxide, Ozon,
PENGELOLAAN DATA SISTEM ALIRAN DRAINASE KOTA Studi Kasus : Jakarta Selatan dan Jakarta Timur
Authors: Indriatmoko Robertus Haryoto , Wahjono Heru Dwi , Yudo Satmoko
Published: June 2020

Fast growing development at big cities such as Jakarta usually cause surface hydrology problems, which is indicated by many surface detention and local floods during rainy season. These problems were raised because of the increasing of runoff coefficient of sub catchment areas and limited capacity of existing drainages. Analysis have made on drainage capacity of sub catchment areas connected to peak flow cause by rain on certain recurrence period and result in data to evaluate drainage capacity to solve these water detention and local floods problems. Katakunci : Genangan, Banjir, Drainase, DAS, Database.
APLIKASI PROSES BIOFILTRASI DAN ULTRA FILTRASI UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM
Authors: Said Nusa Idaman
Published: June 2020

To reduce the organic substance and ammonia in raw water hence raw water from river have to be processed by pretreatment prior to main processing unit. One of the alternatives is biological treatment using submerged biofilter which filled with honeycomb plastic supporting media. Research conducted by operating continuous flow biofilter reactor wich filled with honeycomb plastic supporting media. The size of biofilter reactor is 59 cm x 30 cm x 210 cm, with total volume 371.7 litres.  The research was conducting by continuous operation under condition 4 hours, 3 hours, 2 hours and 1 hour retention time. The result of experiment shows that within the biofilter process under conditions 4 hours, 3 hours, 2 hours and one hour retention time, the removal efficiency of organic substance were 67.27 %, 53,89 5,45.70 % and 30.92 % respectively. And the removal efficiency of ammonia under conditions 3 hours, 2 hours and one hour retention time were 73.59 %, 67.98 %, and 48.74 % respectively. The longer retention time has resulted in higher removal efficiency. By combining biofiltration process with ultra fltration (UF) membrane technology, hence will be got technological alternative of drinking water process which able to degrade an organic matter and ammonia without chemicals instead of convensional process.  Kata Kunci : biofiltasi, membran, ultra filtrasi, air minum.
PELAKSANAAN AMDAL, UKL DAN UPL SERTA IPLC DI DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Said Nusa Idaman
Published: June 2020

Pelaksanan tentang analisis mengenai dampak lingkungan secara nasional di atur berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Th 1999 tentang Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan Hidup (AMDAL). Sejak diberlakukannya Peraturan Pemerintan Nomor 27 tahun 1999 ini dan Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Otonomi daerah, sebagian besar penilaian AMDAL dilaksanakan oleh Komisi Penilai Amdal Daerah,  sedangkan kegiatan yang bersifat strategis, Lintas Negara dan Propinsi dinilai oieh Komisi Penilai Amdal Pusat (Meneg LH).Dalam rangka pelaksanaan AMDAL di Propinsi DKI Jakarta, Gubernur telah mengeluarkan Keputusan Gubernur Provinsi DKI Jakarta No. 2863 tentang Jenis Rencana Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan Yang Wajib Dilengkapi Dengan AMDAL. Keputusan Gubernur Nomor 2863 Tahun 2001 tersebut mengatur 12 sektor atau bidang yang meliputi :Bidang pertahanan dan Keamanan; Bidang Pertanian; Bidang Perikanan; Bidang Kesehatan; Bidang Perhubungan Darat,Laut,Udara, teleko-munikasi; Bidang Perindustrian; Bidang Prasarana Wilayah; Bidang Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral yaitu Pertambangan Umum/ Ketenaga Listrikan/Minyak dan Gas Bumi/Geologi Tata lingkungan; Bidang Pariwisata; Bidang Pengembangan Nuklir; Bidang Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3); serta Bidang Rekayasa Genetika.Makalah ini membahas masalah mekanisme pelakasanaan AMDAL, UKL, UPL serta ijin pembuangan limbah cair (IPLC) di Propinsi DKI Jakarta. Kata Kunci :  AMDAL, UKL, UPL, IPLC, DKI Jakarta.
RANCANG BANGUN POMPA HIDRAM UNTUK MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN
Authors: Herlambang Arie , Wahjono Heru Dwi
Published: June 2020

Environmental contamination and global climate change cause degradation of  fresh water in the whole world. Increasing of oil price also insist the water treatment operational cost rise, especially for pumping and water lifting from the low land areas to up land. One of alternatif solution to reduce operational cost is using Hydraulic ram pumps (hydram pump). Hydram pump are water-lifting devices that are powered by filling water. Such pumps work by using the energy of water falling a small height to lift a small part of that amount of water to a much greater height. In this way, water from a spring or stream in a valley can be pumped to a village or irrigation scheme on the hillside. The main and unique advantage of hydram pumps is that with a continuous flow of water, a hydram pump operates automatically and continuously with no other external energy source - be it electricity or hydrocarbon fuel. It uses a renewable energy source (stream of water) mid hence ensures low running cost. Minimum up lifting vertical power of pump is twice than vertical distance of water down and maximum up lifting vertical  power is twenty times than vertical distance of water down.   If there are air captured in distribution pipe, it will need release valve. In this paper, different aspect of designing a hydraulic-rain pump system is discussed. Application and limitation of hydram pump is presented. It imparts absolutely no harm to the environment Hydraulic ram pumps are simple, reliable and require minimal maintenance. All these advantages make hydram pumps suitable to rural community water supply and mud backyard irrigation in developing countries. Kata Kunci : Air bersih pedesaan, pompa hidram, pengelolaan air bersih.
EVALUASI KESEIMBANGAN AIR DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Nugroho Sutopo Purwo
Published: June 2020

Water supply for the domestics use of Central Java Province has been experiencing problems and challenging. With population of 35 million or 16% of Indonesia, it place the province as the third in national population. It have consequently, water need in the province is as such for use of domestics, irrigation/agriculture, industry, etc. Several counties within the province has experiencing water shortage. Particularly during dry season, defisits is inclining that results water use conflicts. Furthermore, conflicts occur not only in counties with water shortage but also in county with sufficient water supply. Conflict is generally triggered by weak management and allocation. This is a result of unlimited territorial sovereighnity of water resources and uncertainty of water rights. Unlimited territorial sovereighnity of water resource contain exclusive right to utilize tap water within the territorial right, in way that the territory hold the sole right to exploit the resource without compensation to neighbouring territory. Hence, water balance should be investigated better and comprehensively. Kata kunci: keseimbangan air, konflik, sumber daya air, Jawa Tengah.
PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS AIR SUMUR MENGGUNAKAN MULTIPROBE SENSOR DIGITAL DI WILAYAH SEKITAR SEMBURAN LUMPUR SIDOARJO
Authors: Wahjono Heru Dwi
Published: June 2020

Bursts of mud in Sidoarjo has caused changes in environmental quality around the bursts area. Observation in that area indicate there have been changes in air quality and odor caused by mud spurt. In addition, changes in the geological structure of land in the area around the mud spurt, has resulted some water spurt phenomenon that came from the well pump belong to some residensts in that area. This water spurt phenomenon is followed by the change of water quality which was to be used for the needs of daily living, now in some villages in the area around the mud bursts can no longer be used. To find out some parameters of water quality that arises from the some well pumps that produce big water spurt, we need to performed water quality monitoring using multiprobe digital sensors that are able to measure several parameters at once.This paper presents the measurement data of water quality in some well pumps that produce big water spurts with the YSI600R digital sensor. Keywords : Perubahan kualitas lingkungan, semburan lumpur Sidoarjo, pemantuan kualitas air, sumber bubble, sumur pompa, sumur bor, separasi air dan gas, multi probe digital sensor
POTENSI PENCEMARAN DARI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN IKAN DI KECAMATAN MUNCAR, KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Setiyono Setiyono , Yudo Satmoko
Published: June 2020

Fish processing industries in Muncar-Banyuwangi have increased the welfare of the people there and made this area known as the major fish producer in Indonesia. More than 50% of its production has been exported to many countries and the rest has fulfilled domestic need. Although fish processing industry has developed quickly, its industrial pollution effect hasn’t been handled well so that it polluted the surrounding envionment especially water surface. It happened because of using water for industrial need reached 17.883,2 m3 /day and almost all industries haven’t provided a good wastewater installalion so that the environment couldn’t handle and neutrilize the wastes. This paper explains condition of fish processing industries and potential load of the wastewater produced by them. Keywords : Industri Pengolahan Ikan, Limbah Cair Industri, Pencemaran Lingkungan, Informasi.
KAJIAN ASPEK KEBIJAKAN DAN REGULASI DALAM MASALAH PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Rahardjo Petrus Nugro
Published: June 2020

Water pollution because of the domestic wastewater produced by the local community and their home industries in a big city, such as Jakarta, has already been inviting many environmental problems since the last ten years. Based on the research done by Directorat General Cipta Karya, Public Works Department RI, domestic wastewater in Jakarta delivers 75% of all pollutants in surface water pollution. Therefore many things should be done to solve those water pollution problems. A lot of environmentally related rules have established in Indonesia, but they are not able to be optimally implemented because of some weaknesses of the environmental rule contents. One of the solving options is to create a perfect regulation system for wastewater management. The laws for home industry wastewater management, especially in big cities, have to be perfectly completed, mainly in the field of standard, operation and procedure, the wastewater quality standard, the adequate and qualified technology, the landscape and building planning and the institutional coordination. If the all environmental regulations are well synchronized, the law enforcement will be simply implemented. By applying them consistently, the water pollution control will be handled well. Keywrods : Environmental Regulation, Home Industry Waste Water, Institutional Coordination
PENGKAJIAN KAPASITAS DAYA DUKUNG TANAH GAMBUT DIDAERAH PENGEMBANGAN IRIGASI DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Affandi Diah
Published: June 2020

Piles and pile foundations have been in use since prehistoric time. The commonest function of piles is to transfer a load that cannot be adequately supported at shallow depths to a depth where adequate support becomes available. When a pile passes through poor material and its tip penetrates a small distance into a stratum of good bearing capacity it is called a bearing pile. When piles are installed in a deep stratum of limited supporting ability and these piles developed their carrying capacity by friction on the sides of the pile, they are called friction piles. Many times the load carrying of piles results from a combination of point resistance and skin friction.  The load taken by a single pile can be determined by static load test. The allowable load is obtained by applying a factor of safety to the failure load. Although it is expensive, a static load test is the only reliable means of determining allowable load on a friction pile. In this case,“Cerucuk” are widely used in foundation engineering to increase bearing capacity of the foundation andreduce the settlement. Keywords : Pile foundation, bearing capacity, skin friction.
KONDISI KUALITAS AIR SUMUR PENDUDUK DI WILAYAH GENANGAN SEMBURAN LUMPUR SIDOARJO
Authors: Yudo Satmoko
Published: June 2020

Sidoardjo mudflow has been occuring since 2006. This disaster is the first incident in Indonesia which has such a broad impact, like the settlements, fields, roads and other buildings submerged, resulting in enormous losses. Besides damaging the existing infrastructure in the area, the mud flow is also causing environmental damage, particularly contamination of ground water community. To find out how much the impact of the mud flow to the water quality community, carried out observations and surveys of well water quality conditions of the communities around the location of the mud puddles. In this paper provided an alternative drinking water treatment technology can be applied in this area. Keywords: Lapindo mud, environmental degradation, pollution of well water quality, alternative water treatment technologies
SEDIMENT AND SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER OF JAKARTA BAY, INDONESIA
Authors: Tejakusuma Iwan G. , Adi Seno , Nugrahadi M.S , D. Rahmania , Yanagi T.
Published: June 2020

Jakarta Bay is a semi enclosed bay located in the northern coast of Jakarta Metropolitan City. Hydrologically 13 rivers flowing in the Jakarta region and there are three big rivers with significant discharge to the Jakarta Bay namely Citarum, Ciliwung, and Cisadane Rivers. Jakarta, as Indonesian capital city with population of 8.725.630 inhabitants, and another 15 million people live in the surrounded suburban of Jakarta, creates a significant anthropogenic impact to the environmental system. Limited infrastructures, such as no sewerage system and lack of industrial waste management, cause the rivers in this region have over their carrying capacity.Seventeen sampling stations were determined in the Jakarta Bay, consisting of 5 stations at the river mouths (estuaries) and other 12 stations in the bay spreading from the coastal to offshore areas. Water and sediment samples were taken during 2 monsoonal or seasonal variations, August 2006 for dry season and February 2007 for rainy season respectively. Additionally, samples were also taken in May 2007.Sediment distribution in the estuary consists mostly of black clay. The sediments clays were bad smell. In the coastal region and in the dry season, the sediments consists of black clay and at one sampling site (station S3) the sediment was bad smell. However, all sampling sites became bad smell in the rainy season. In the inner bay area, sediments were greyish green sandy clay with some shell fragments. In the outer bay, the sediments were dominated by greyish green clayey sand with some shell fragments. The black clay with bad smell is indicative of anthropogenic influence from Jakarta River Basin. C/N ratio of the sediments in the dry season ranged from 1 to about 4.2 where in the estuaries (at stations M1, M2 and M4) the ratio were higher compared to the inner and outer bays. The C/N ratio of suspended particulate matter ranged from the lowest ratio of 0.7 to the highest ratio of 17.7 at the bottom layer and lesser ranged of 0.7 to 9.8 at  surface layer. POC concentrations ranged between 50-650 µM and 50-900 µM, in February and May, respectively. High concentrations of POC exists along the coastline or estuaries then decreasing toward the sea. POC is distributed widely in February than that in May due to higher discharge from the rivers. The average TOC concentrations in February is lower than that in May, but the TOC load in February was much higher than that in May due to the big differences of river discharge and because the samples were taken a week after the big flood in Jakarta area (February 4th - 6th, 2007). Total organic carbon fluxes from the river to the bay in February and May 2007 were 107.6 T /day C and 42.7 T /day C, respectively. Key words : sediment, anthropogenic influence, C/N Ratio, POC, TOC, flux
APLIKASI UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG INFORMASI DAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DALAM KASUS SISTEM INFORMASI TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN AIR BERSIH DAN LIMBAH CAIR
Authors: Komarudin Komarudin , Yudo Satmoko
Published: June 2020

The Law of Information and Electronics Transaction, the Law of Public Information Transparency, the Law of Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia, and the Law of Public Services  is a part of the legal system related to information and public services. These four laws should be scrutinized in terms of technology application. To create prime services in the management of clean water and waste water, it has been developed the technology information system of clean water and waste water processing (SITPABLC). SITPABLC is the information system to provide information and technology services due to supporting the implementation of these four laws.         Keywords: informasi, transaksi elektronik, informasi publik, keterbukaan informasi publik, pelayanan publik, ombudsman, dan good governance.
REJECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES BY LOW PRESSURE REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE
Authors: Utami Woro Nastiti , Iqbal Rofiq , Wenten I Gede
Published: June 2020

The  increased  use  of  pesticides  has  led  to many  benefits  such  as  advanced  productivity and lower maintenance costs  in agriculture. On the other hand, their  adverse  effects  have  also  grown : an increase of  the risks to the ecosystem and human health. Pressure driven technique such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration have the potentiality to remove hazardous organic micropollutants such as pesticides. The rejection characteristic of artificial water with 10 ppb concentration of endosulfan and organochlorine pesticides from upper Citarum water shed sample were investigated with a commercial low pressure reverse osmosis unit on laboratory scale. Rejection and flux were measured with a varied operational parameters ; pH, pressure, and feed concentration. Endosulfan rejection was achieved 80% with all varied operational parameters. There was a little dependence permeate flux and percent of rejection on pH. An increasing pressure caused a higher permeate flux while there was no effect of an increasing pressure to higher percentage of endosulfan rejection. An increasing feed concentration caused a lower permeate flux due to an increasing osmotic pressure.  An increasing feed concentration also result in an increasing percent of endosulfan rejection. Organochlorine pesticides found in river water sample which are lindane, aldrin, and heptachlor were all rejected 100%. This may be caused by natural organic matter present in river water and hydrophobicity. Percent rejection was constant to pressure and pH variation. Keywords : Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis, Organochlorine Pesticides, Pressure, pH, Feed Concentration
UJI COBA PROSES KOAGULASI-FLOKULASI AIR BAKU UNTUK PDAM DANAU TELOKO DAN TELUK GELAM DI KAYU AGUNG KABUPATEN OKI PROPINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Rahardjo Petrus Nugro
Published: June 2020

Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) of County Ogan Komering Ilir has two problematic water treatment units. The first is located in Danau Teloko and the other is in the Teluk Gelam. The main problem is that many organic pollutants (namely peat water) contained in raw water. Therefore, PDAM can not be optimal to supply all the needs of drinking water for the community. PDAM have tried to treat the raw water of peat with the process of flocculation and coagulation, but the results did not meet quality standards as drinking water. This research is a trial test to obtain the optimum condition for flocculation and coagulation processes in water treatment. The results were very succesful and get the optimum pH is about 7.5 and a chemical dose of 80 ppm Aluminum Sulphate as the coagulant. Turbidity of water produced is 4 NTU and visually looks very clean. Better to add a synthetic polymer (PAC) as an additive to the process of flocculation and coagulation. Based on calculations, PDAM Danau Teloko will require the amount of coagulant (Aluminum Sulphate) 138.24 kg per day to produce 40 liters of drinking water per second. Keywords : Raw Water, Flocculation, Coagulation,  Water Treatment Plant
ANALISIS CO BENEFIT DI SENTRA INDUSTRI TAHU ADIWERNA, KABUPATEN TEGAL
Authors: Hernaningsih Taty
Published: June 2020

“Co-benefits” refers to multiple benefits in different fields resulting from one policy, strategy or action plan.  As an example: policy or strategy taken on reducing GHG emission from transportation, would ensure better air quality, health, promoting the use of biofuels and other alternative energy sources. Industrial waste water or domestic wastewater household if not disposed of or treated with either will cause pollution. The high content of organic content in wastewater will lead to GHG emissions  impact on society as well as water pollution and odor pollution, Environmental Management in Industry Centers Adiwerna Tofu, Tegal regency was done by the management (cleaner production) and waste water treatment. Co Benefit analysis showed the relationship of environmental quality improvement occurs with the reduction of COD and capture methane gas that can be utilized for the community. The reduction of emissions in air can  reduce GHG. Method of estimated GHG reduction can be done by comparing GHG emissions before the project (baseline - BE) and after the implementation of projects co-benefits (project - PE). The evaluation was done by grouping into 3 tiers. Evaluation indicators are COD, BOD5, smell, CH4, while other indicators are  N, P and hazardous waste  indicators concerning health. To get the best results of the evaluation required complete data. Keywords : GRK, Co-benefit,Tier, Metana, COD
PEMASYARAKATAN DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH UNTUK MENGANTISIPASI KELANGKAAN AIR AKIBAT PERUBAHAN IKLIM GLOBAL
Authors: Nugroho Rudi
Published: June 2020

Climate change has impact on many sectors in the earth such as on the water resources sector. For example, the occurrence of floods and droughts in Indonesia that needs to be anticipated.  In the Technology Needs Assessment document of the Republic of Indonesia, there are three priorities technology of the water sector to anticipate the climate change. One of the technologies is recycling domestic wastewater. The recycling of waste water can be done through two consecutive stages. First, wastewater treatment processes itself to produce the quality standard limits allowed to be discharged into the environment.  Second is processing the treated wastewater till the product water can be used for particular purpose. There are many technologies can be used for water recycling process. Selection of technology depends on the type of waste water and product water quality targets. The utilization of recycled water in the community is still very little due to the barriers of technical and non-technical factors (social, economic, regulatory and others) which need to be anticipated along. Technical barrier include technology that is relatively more expensive to treat wastewater into products that can be utilized. While the non-technical barrier is many people are still reluctant to use the recycled water due to psychological factors. Therefore sosialization of waste water recycling to be expected can eliminate such barriers.   Keywords: Water recycling, domestic waste, global climate change.
PENGEMBANGAN DATABASE PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR UNTUK WILAYAH KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG
Authors: Yudo Satmoko
Published: June 2020

In order to support the Government Regulation Number 42 of 2008 on the sustainable management of water resources, it is one of the responsibilities of government and the local government to carry out the management of water resources information system. Kabupaten Pandeglang is one area in Indonesia with the availability of water resources is quite large, so as to support the management of water resources need to built Database Information System for Water Resources Management (SISDA). SISDA is an application program based database created to facilitate the data management of water resources. This program has been applied in the Office Bappeda Pandeglang and information shown include the River Basin Unit (SWS), the Regional Jetting River (DPS), Creeks, Lakes, Swamps, Beaches, Ponds, Dams, Irrigation, Water Monitoring Station, Rain Station, and other information. Keywords : Water resource of Kabupaten Pandeglang, database, Information System for Water Resources Management.
Curriculum Analysis of Biological Learning Media Module Development Based on Project Based Learning (PjBL)
Authors: Susanti Diana , Sari Liza Yulia , Fitriani Vivi
Published: June 2020

Biology Learning Media Course requires students to be able to produce biology learning media. In the previous recovery, students were less creative in producing media for Biology. So students are less able to create suitable media. During this time students do not have the right learning resources in exploring creativity. For this reason, the development of project-based learning based modules is carried out to provide appropriate learning resources and increase student creativity. The purpose of this study was to determine curriculum analysis for the development of media learning modules based on pjbl. Research is a research development using the 4D model at defined stage. Curriculum analysis data were obtained through descriptive analysis. The results showed that 9 materials needed development in the module including communication, learning media, classification of educational media, characteristics of students and their relation to the biology learning media, the role of media in achieving learning objectives, multimedia, photography and video shooting, designing, presenting and displaying, of biology media, media scenarios biology learning. It can be concluded that there are nine materials in developing a learning media module based on PjBL.