bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of active learning management model for active citizenship competencies enhancement in elementary school
Authors: Somnual Supachai , Suthasinobon Kittichai , Yamrung Rungtiwa
Published: October 2023

The purpose was to develop and study the effectiveness and efficiency of an active learning management model for developing active citizenship competencies for primary school students. The sample group was fifth-grade students at a demonstration school. The research instruments included: a manual for the active learning management model, active learning lesson plans, an active citizenship competencies test, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Statistics for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and dependent sample t-test. The research results were: i) A six-step active learning management model was designed for developing active citizenship competencies for primary school students: step 1 situation to the problem, step 2 original knowledge, step 3 collaboration, step 4 information gathering, step 5 active application, and step 6 lead to reflection and assessment. A consistency assessment (item objective congruence (IOC), 5-point scale) of the model by a group of experts resulted in the highest level (mean=4.69, SD=0.47); ii) The efficacy of the active learning management model in developing active citizenship competencies were measured for knowledge, higher-order thinking skills, and attributes. For each of the measured components, the improvement in average score was statistically significant at the 0.05 level; and iii) The satisfaction of students with active learning management was high (mean=4.47, SD=0.74).
Student entrepreneurial skills in facing ASEAN Economic Community: A case study at Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia
Authors: Mujtahid Iqbal Miftakhul , Berlian Mery , Vebrianto Rian , Thahir Musa
Published: October 2023

As part of the skills demographic bonus towards ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), student preparation still needs to be improved, especially in entrepreneurship skills. The purpose of this research is to find out the entrepreneurial abilities of Universitas Terbuka students and how to improve these abilities. This research was conducted through a mixed methods design consisting of two survey research designs that aim to clearly map and make recommendations from students regarding entrepreneurial skills. This research involved 730 students at the Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation which were then analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The results of the study showed that: i) Students’ entrepreneurial abilities are categorized as good; and ii) Gender affects students’ entrepreneurial abilities. Therefore, it needs support and concrete steps from stakeholders in welcoming the AEC. There are several necessary steps carried out by faculty leaders and the chancellor so that students have the desire to develop an entrepreneurial spirit, including: by conducting regular monitoring and evaluation of Universitas Terbuka students, providing reward and punishment and equal justice without discrimination and providing training in accordance with their fields, giving permission to continue studies and provide training that can support good performance by coordinating and evaluating work.
Webtoon-based online comics in measuring the Pancasila student profile at Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Riau Province
Authors: Zein Mas'ud , Iskandar Edi , Moenada Meimunah S. , Thahir Musa
Published: October 2023

The objectives of the Pancasila student profile are a number of characters and competencies that are expected to be achieved by students, which are based on the noble values of Pancasila. The purpose of this article is to measure the Pancasila student profile at Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Riau Province and to find out its effect through the use of webtoon-based online comics. This study conducted a quantitative descriptive approach and focus group discussions in six State MTs. The research instrument used in this study was a Pancasila student profile questionnaire, which was distributed to students. The findings show the six indicators and their implementation in each madrasa. The six MTs in this study were categorized as very good, which indicated the need to increase Pancasila student profile. There are considerable disparities in indices of religion, fear of God Almighty, and noble character, global variety, mutual collaboration, independence, critical thinking, and creativity for Pancasila student profile policies. The use of webtoon-based online comics in measuring the Pancasila student profile studied in this study is based on madrasa policy and it has not been thoroughly tested in all MTs in Riau Province. Furthermore, it can consider its use in a wider Madrasah Tsanawiyah frame. MTs in Indonesia can measure the Pancasila student profile through the use of webtoon-based online comics to achieve student character standards that are in line with educational goals in Indonesia. This research provides a webtoon-based online comic framework to measure the Pancasila student profile.
Indonesian emotion regulation scale for students based on reappraisal and suppression factor: The Rasch analysis
Authors: Waharjani Waharjani , Saputra Wahyu Nanda Eka , Khairunnisa Dewi Afra
Published: October 2023

Every human being has emotional turmoil, which will be a serious problem if they cannot control it. The importance of emotion regulation has become one of the bases for developing a measure of emotion regulation for students, the Indonesian emotion regulation scale (IERS). No research yet describes an instrument that measures students’ level of emotion regulation in Indonesia. IERS consists of nine items in two aspects: reappraisal and suppression factor. The content validity test involves two experts in the field of psychometrics. In comparison, the construct validity test involved 354 high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data analysis using inter-rater reliability (IRR) coefficient of Cohen’s kappa and Rasch analysis. Based on the study of the IRR coefficient of Cohen’s kappa, two experts agree on the acceptability of the IERS statement items. Besides that, the results of the application of Rasch analysis show that IERS is good, precise, and conforms with the model. IERS is a reliable and valid tool to measure students’ level of emotion regulation accurately. This paper discusses the implications and recommendations for further research for the implementation of guidance and counseling containing the value of emotion regulation as a follow-up to the performance of IERS.
A review of flipped learning in innovative math education
Authors: Ishartono Naufal , Halili Siti Hajar , Razak Rafiza Abdul
Published: October 2023

Many systematic reviews have examined flipped learning models in various fields. However, there is little research on the use of the flipped learning model in mathematics education, which could help researchers and practitioners use and develop a model to implement mathematics learning processes. To fill this gap, this study aimed to analyze and synthesize current knowledge and practices in the implementation of flipped learning in mathematics education. Systematic literature review was adopted as the research method following an article selection and screening process using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Articles published from 2012 to 2021 in some reputable databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC) were reviewed, and 17 of 137 articles were included for detailed analysis and synthesis. The findings of this study showed that research in the implementation of the flipped learning model in mathematics education focused on documenting the affectivity of the implementation of the flipped learning model, developing learning processes, and sharing preliminary findings and student feedback. Future research is highly recommended to examine different aspects of flipped learning implementation, promote longitudinal data based on multi-year research for implementing flipped learning, and review various learning media to strengthen students’ understanding of mathematics.
University learning style model: Bibliometrics and systematic literature review
Authors: Andrade-Arenas Laberiano , Martin Bogdanovich María Mini , Hernández Celis Domingo , Romero Jaico Katerine , Alfaro Peña Gustavo Bernnet
Published: October 2023

The university learning style worldwide was analyzed to obtain a model adapted to Peru, that was complemented in the initial part with the study of the biliometric analysis. In the first steps that were developed, the information search was done in a general way with Scopus. Then specifically adding the Dimensions database, obtaining 59 items from the selection. The Prism statement was used, which allowed it to be developed in the methodology sequentially until the selected articles were obtained. The objective was to carry out a study of the systematic review of the literature (RSL) that allowed analysis by categories such as academic performance, teaching strategy and competencies related to the learning style. Where the data obtained was with the use of VOSviewer and Rstudio. The result obtained was an innovative model that relates the categories with the most relevant models that studied the learning style. As a conclusion, the different learning styles can be adapted to the different study programs and their different courses to plan it from the macrocurricular to the microcurricular, taking into account the strategy and the didactics of teaching, the contribution for the university sector.
Sustaining learning organization in the next normal of educational management: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Jamil Noraine , Mohd Hamzah Mohd Izham , A. Hamid Aida Hanim
Published: October 2023

Organizations experience severe crises as a result of unanticipated changes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which has raised awareness of how organizations learn to become stronger. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to determine the level of learning organization (LO) of the state education official (SEO) in Malaysia from the dimensions of continuous learning, inquiry and dialogue, team and collaborative learning, embedded system, empowerment, system connection and strategic leadership as well as to explore the differences in LO practices of the SEO in Malaysia across demographic factors. Due to the COVID-19, data was collected from 450 SEOs using Google Forms. The analysis of data showed that the level of LO was very high. The different frequency of participation in courses, workshops or training related to governance, leadership or educational management during the respondent’s tenancy at the state education department (SED) was shown to be significant according to the analysis of multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) results. However, there was no significant difference in the LO practices of SEO based on position, age, experience, and academic credentials. The finding has a significant representation of the educational management and provide a viable framework for the context of the pandemic as it can be used to compare it to findings from similar studies conducted in other regions or public sector as well as provide useful insights for countries with characteristics that are like those of Malaysia in the future.
Rhythmically Modulating Neural Entrainment during Exposure to Regularities Influences Statistical Learning
Authors: Batterink Laura J. , Mulgrew Jerrica , Gibbings Aaron
Published: October 2023

The ability to discover regularities in the environment, such as syllable patterns in speech, is known as statistical learning. Previous studies have shown that statistical learning is accompanied by neural entrainment, in which neural activity temporally aligns with repeating patterns over time. However, it is unclear whether these rhythmic neural dynamics play a functional role in statistical learning or whether they largely reflect the downstream consequences of learning, such as the enhanced perception of learned words in speech. To better understand this issue, we manipulated participants' neural entrainment during statistical learning using continuous rhythmic visual stimulation. Participants were exposed to a speech stream of repeating nonsense words while viewing either (1) a visual stimulus with a “congruent” rhythm that aligned with the word structure, (2) a visual stimulus with an incongruent rhythm, or (3) a static visual stimulus. Statistical learning was subsequently measured using both an explicit and implicit test. Participants in the congruent condition showed a significant increase in neural entrainment over auditory regions at the relevant word frequency, over and above effects of passive volume conduction, indicating that visual stimulation successfully altered neural entrainment within relevant neural substrates. Critically, during the subsequent implicit test, participants in the congruent condition showed an enhanced ability to predict upcoming syllables and stronger neural phase synchronization to component words, suggesting that they had gained greater sensitivity to the statistical structure of the speech stream relative to the incongruent and static groups. This learning benefit could not be attributed to strategic processes, as participants were largely unaware of the contingencies between the visual stimulation and embedded words. These results indicate that manipulating neural entrainment during exposure to regularities influences statistical learning outcomes, suggesting that neural entrainment may functionally contribute to statistical learning. Our findings encourage future studies using non-invasive brain stimulation methods to further understand the role of entrainment in statistical learning.
A Case Study of the Validity of Web-based Visuomotor Rotation Experiments
Authors: Shyr Megan C. , Joshi Sanjay S.
Published: October 2023

Web-based experiments are gaining momentum in motor learning research because of the desire to increase statistical power, decrease overhead for human participant experiments, and utilize a more demographically inclusive sample population. However, there is a vital need to understand the general feasibility and considerations necessary to shift tightly controlled human participant experiments to an online setting. We developed and deployed an online experimental platform modeled after established in-laboratory visuomotor rotation experiments to serve as a case study examining remotely collected data quality for an 80-min experiment. Current online motor learning experiments have thus far not exceeded 60 min, and current online crowdsourced studies have a median duration of approximately 10 min. Thus, the impact of a longer-duration, web-based experiment is unknown. We used our online platform to evaluate perturbation-driven motor adaptation behavior under three rotation sizes (±10°, ±35°, and ±65°) and two sensory uncertainty conditions. We hypothesized that our results would follow predictions by the relevance estimation hypothesis. Remote execution allowed us to double (n = 49) the typical participant population size from similar studies. Subsequently, we performed an in-depth examination of data quality by analyzing single-trial data quality, participant variability, and potential temporal effects across trials. Results replicated in-laboratory findings and provided insight on the effect of induced sensory uncertainty on the relevance estimation hypothesis. Our experiment also highlighted several specific challenges associated with online data collection including potentially smaller effect sizes, higher data variability, and lower recommended experiment duration thresholds. Overall, online paradigms present both opportunities and challenges for future motor learning research.
Towards digital descriptions of all extant reptile species
Authors: UETZ PETER , DARKO YAA ADARKWA , ZELIFF DUSTIN
Published: October 2023

Vertebrate databases have been slow to digitize species descriptions. One of them, the Reptile Database (http://www.reptile-database.org), has accumulated ~8,000 species descriptions for ~3,000 species of snakes, ~5,000 species of lizards, and ~150 species of turtles and crocodiles. Here we discuss how this data contributes to character analysis, species identification, but also to integration with other data sources such as citizen science observations (which depend on correct identifications). Importantly, the data described here may serve as training data for machine learning projects and we present examples of species comparisons using ChatGPT. While these AI-driven comparisons are still erroneous, we expect substantial improvements in the near future. We request the herpetological community to help complete our public collection of species descriptions and suggest that other species databases follow suit and provide similar data for their taxa.
Description of two new species in the Ixodes ricinus complex from the New World (Acari: Ixodidae), and redescription of Ixodes affinis Neumann, 1899
Authors: NAVA SANTIAGO , BEATI LORENZA , VENZAL JOSE M. , DURDEN LANCE A. , BERMUDEZ SERGIO E. , TARRAGONA EVELINA L. , MANGOLD ATILIO J. , GLEASON DEBBIE , MASTROPAOLO MARIANO , GUGLIELMONE ALBERTO A.
Published: October 2023

Ixodes chacoensis n. sp. is described based on males, females, nymphs and larvae collected from vegetation, ungulates and passerine birds in northeastern Argentina. Ixodes affinis Neumann, 1899 is redescribed based on the original type specimens (females) from Leopardus pardalis, and from recently collected specimens from Costa Rica. Ixodes keiransi n. sp., previously treated as North American populations of Ixodes affinis, is described based on males and females from carnivores and ungulates from the southeastern United States. Concatenated total evidence phylogenetics based on combined DNA sequence analyses from mitochondrial genes (12SrDNA, 16SrDNA and COI) and a nuclear gene (ITS2) corroborate the recognition of these species.
Description of life cycle and immature stages of Yphthimoides celmis (Godart, [1824]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a contribution to the taxonomic status of the genus
Authors: TRAVESINO DAIANA GISELLE , BECCACECE HERNÁN MARIO , ZAPATA ADRIANA INÉS
Published: October 2023

This article describes the immature stages of the satyrid butterfly Yphthimoides celmis (Godart) for the first time. Morphology, head and body chaetotaxy, and coloration patterns are compared with those of other Yphthimoides species. Larvae behavioral aspects and oviposition behavior are also documented here. Overwintering larvae are observed for the first time for this genus. The larval stage has four or five instars in non-overwintering while six in overwintering larvae. The average duration of the life cycle is around 82 days for non-overwintering, while it is 227 days for overwintering larvae under laboratory conditions. The increase in instar stages and the development time duration of immature stages in overwintering larvae may be due to climatic conditions in the study area and also a strategy to survive the cold season. Eggs have irregular pentagonal and hexagonal cells. First instar larvae have a dark head capsule and a pattern of reddish stripes along their body, with clubbed body setae. Pupae are short and smooth with a non-uniform brown color, presenting a lighter clypeus and a darker ventral portion in the cremaster. We consider that the morphological information of immature stages can improve further phylogenetic studies.
A New Framework for Estimating and Decomposing the Uncertainty of Climate Projections
Authors: Zhang Shaobo , Zhou Zuhao , Peng Peiyi , Xu Chongyu
Published: October 2023

Climate projections obtained by running global climate models (GCMs) are subject to multisource uncertainties. The existing framework based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) for decomposing such uncertainties is unable to include the interaction effect between GCM and internal climate variability, which ranks only second to the main effect of GCM in significance. In this study, a three-way ANOVA framework is presented, and all main effects and interaction effects are investigated. The results show that, although the overall uncertainty (O) is mainly contributed by main effects, interaction effects are considerable. Specifically, in the twenty-first century, the global mean (calculated at the grid-cell level and then averaged, and likewise below) relative contributions of all main effects are 54% for precipitation and 82% for temperature; those of all interaction effects are, respectively, 46% and 18%. As the three-way ANOVA cannot investigate the uncertainty components resulting from uncertainty sources, it is improved by deducing the relationship between uncertainty components resulting from uncertainty sources and those resulting from the main effects and interaction effects. By the improved three-way ANOVA, O is decomposed into uncertainty components resulting from the emission scenario (S), GCM (M), and internal climate variability (V). The results reveal that O is mainly contributed by M in the twenty-first century for precipitation, and by M before the 2060s whereas by S thereafter for temperature. The robustness of the V characterization is explored by investigating the variation of V on the number of included ensemble members. The extent of the underestimation of the V contribution is roughly an average of 4% for precipitation and 1% for temperature.
Cold-Season Precipitation Sensitivity to Microphysical Parameterizations: Hydrologic Evaluations Leveraging Snow Lidar Datasets
Authors: Rudisill W. J. , Flores A. N. , Marshall H. P. , Siirila-Woodburn E. , Feldman D. R. , Rhoades A. M. , Xu Z. , Morales A.
Published: October 2023

Cloud microphysical processes are an important facet of atmospheric modeling, as they can control the initiation and rates of snowfall. Thus, parameterizations of these processes have important implications for modeling seasonal snow accumulation. We conduct experiments with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF V4.3.3) Model using three different microphysics parameterizations, including a sophisticated new scheme (ISHMAEL). Simulations are conducted for two cold seasons (2018 and 2019) centered on the Colorado Rockies’ ∼750-km2 East River watershed. Precipitation efficiencies are quantified using a drying-ratio mass budget approach and point evaluations are performed against three NRCS SNOTEL stations. Precipitation and meteorological outputs from each are used to force a land surface model (Noah-MP) so that peak snow accumulation can be compared against airborne snow lidar products. We find that microphysical parameterization choice alone has a modest impact on total precipitation on the order of ±3% watershed-wide, and as high as 15% for certain regions, similar to other studies comparing the same parameterizations. Precipitation biases evaluated against SNOTEL are 15% ± 13%. WRF Noah-MP configurations produced snow water equivalents with good correlations with airborne lidar products at a 1-km spatial resolution: Pearson’s r values of 0.9, RMSEs between 8 and 17 cm, and percent biases of 3%–15%. Noah-MP with precipitation from the PRISM geostatistical precipitation product leads to a peak SWE underestimation of 32% in both years examined, and a weaker spatial correlation than the WRF configurations. We fall short of identifying a clearly superior microphysical parameterization but conclude that snow lidar is a valuable nontraditional indicator of model performance.
The Relationships between the Winter Circulation Regimes and the Northern Hemisphere 45-Day Oscillation: A Combined Regime–Oscillation Framework
Authors: Korendyke Mary H. , Straus David M.
Published: October 2023

This paper analyzes the relationships between the circulation regimes of the 500-hPa height (z500) and 250-hPa zonal winds (u250) in the Pacific–North America region during boreal winter, and the 45-day Northern Hemisphere oscillation in z500. The regimes were calculated using a k-means clustering applied to the leading 12 principal components of the combined z500–u250 anomaly fields. We divided the oscillation into eight arbitrary phases. The oscillation phase z500 composite maps are spatially well correlated with regime z500 composites: phases 1–2 are best correlated with the Arctic Low, phases 3–5 are best correlated with the Pacific Trough, phase 6 is best correlated with the Arctic High, and phases 7–8 are best correlated with the Alaskan Ridge. We found that these correlations are generally consistent with the regimes that tend to occur during the individual oscillation phases: the Arctic Low occurs above significance in phases 1–2, the Pacific Trough occurs above significance in phase 3, and Alaskan Ridge occurs above significance in phases 7–8. Therefore, the oscillation has a preferred order with respect to the regimes. The regime transitions indicate a pattern that moves through the Pacific Wavetrain, a regime that appears for k = 5 as a mean state. Transitions out of this regime into different regimes are preferred in different phases of the oscillation. These results imply a possible enhancement to regime prediction using the low-frequency oscillations in combination with regimes.

Significance Statement

Subseasonal prediction, weather forecasting in the 2–4-week range, is important for many parts of society, e.g., water managers, emergency response units, and farmers. However, current prediction skill in this time range is low. This paper performs an initial analysis of a possible method to increase weather statistic prediction skill beyond 10 days in the winter for the Pacific–North America region. This is done by combining two ways of looking at large, long-lasting patterns of pressure systems in the atmosphere, which are associated with various weather statistics like precipitation extremes and storminess. The results indicate this method holds potential skill for enhancing subseasonal prediction. Further investigation might yield forecasting improvements in this important time range.
Outcomes Among Malnourished Patients With Crohn’s Disease Undergoing Elective Ileocecectomy: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Kodia Karishma , Huerta Carlos T. , Alnajar Ahmed , Collins Shane , Ribieras Antoine , Horner Lance P. , Paluvoi Nivedh
Published: October 2023

Background

Crohn’s patients’ nutritional status can be suboptimal given disease pathophysiology; the effect of a malnourished state prior to elective surgery on post-operative outcomes remains to be more clearly elucidated. This study aims to characterize the effect of malnutrition on post-operative outcomes and readmission patterns for Crohn’s patients undergoing elective ileocecectomy using a nationally representative cohort.

Methods

The colectomy-targeted National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database (2016-2020) was used to identify patients with Crohn’s disease without systemic complications who underwent elective ileocecectomy; emergency surgeries were excluded. Malnourished status was defined as pre-operative hypoalbuminemia <3.5 g/dL, weight loss >10% in 6 months, or body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 prior to surgery.

Results

Of 1464 patients (56% female) who met inclusion criteria, 1137 (78%) were well-nourished and 327 (22%) were malnourished. Post-operatively, malnourished patients had more organ space surgical site infections (SSI) (9% vs 4% nourished groups, P < .001) and more bleeding events requiring transfusion (9% vs 3% nourished, P < .001). 30-day unplanned readmission was higher in the malnourished group (14% vs 9% nourished, P = .032). Index admission length of stay was significantly longer in the malnourished group (4 days [3-7 days] vs the nourished cohort: 4 days [3-5 days], P < .001).

Discussion

Poor nutritional status is associated with organ space infections and bleeding as well as longer hospitalizations and more readmissions in Crohn’s patients undergoing elective ileocecectomy. A detailed nutritional risk profile and nutritional optimization is important prior to elective surgery.
Rethinking Business School Education: A Call for Epistemic Humility Through Reflexivity
Authors: Singhal Divya , Davis Matthew C. , Voss Hinrich
Published: October 2023

“Humble” and “business school” are not two words you might associate together, but we can address grand challenges only if business school education instills epistemic humility through reflexivity. We hope that this call-to-action challenges educators to consider how we develop future business leaders who are sensitized to the communities around them, open to tackling the range of challenges that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present to all of society.
The state, the gods and the imagination; or, David Graeber as a theorist of religion
Authors: Arnal William
Published: October 2023

This short article suggests that the writings of the recently deceased anthropologist David Graeber have a great deal to contribute to the study of religion. Drawing from a wide array of works by Graeber and his collaborators, the article sketches out his basic social theory, focusing on his insistence on the creative dimension of human social activity. It then focuses on the relevance of religion – specifically, the fabrication and modification of ‘metahuman persons’ – for the creation of new social forms. Finally, the implications of this theoretical framework are sketched out – that is, that the study of religion should focus on its creative and imaginative aspects.
Democracy and Devolution as a Strategy for Conflict Resolution, the Political Will as a Determinant: The Case of Sri Lanka
Authors: Agashe Aparna
Published: October 2023

The state is faced with several challenges in recent times. One of the greatest challenges to the state is the growing ethnic competition and conflict between groups. Ethnic consciousness is developed among communities by the elite. This leads to a rise in the demands made to the state. Tackling the varied conflicting interest is a cumbersome task. Ethnic identity politics is a result of elite competition and conflict. The only solution to lasting peace is democracy and devolution. However, democratic techniques to resolve conflicts also require a strong political will that is sincere towards the effort of conflict resolution. Assimilation and integration along with decentralization can give the peace process a fair chance to succeed. This article studies the process of conflict resolution in Sri Lanka since efforts towards devolution of power were made to accommodate demands of the Tamils and establish peace. Democracy and devolution were given a chance in Sri Lanka; however, the lack of a will among the elites on both the sides to garner a solution to the conflict led to its failure. Despite the devolution packages being offered right since the 1950s, the ethnic conflict culminated into military action on the part of the state.
Youth Politics of Engagement and Resistance: Agency on Social Media Spaces in Contexts of Crisis
Authors: Maringira Godfrey , Gukurume Simbarashe
Published: October 2023

While social media spaces have been explored, including the understanding of how political activism is enacted on social media and how those spaces have become spaces of political engagement and resistance, the question of the present and politically visible youth on social media remains critical in analysing youth as active political subjects. In this paper, we examine the ways in which authoritarian regimes have been challenged by tech-savvy millennials through social media spaces. We argue that social media spaces are not just spaces of entertainment but political and politicised spaces as well. The cyber activism of youth activists in Africa has made authoritarian regimes rethink political accountability and transparency in their governance systems. Similarly, social media has also compelled authoritarian regimes to respond to issues of political violence and police brutality, which have become commonplace in many African countries such as Zimbabwe. The paper utilises an ethnography of being in the social media space to examine the ways in which political engagement and resistance to authoritarian regimes on social media spaces manifest and are articulated. We assert that social media spaces have created political spaces in which citizens challenge the notion of despositif from below. Thus, regimes of power and knowledge are fluid and can be challenged from below, through social media spaces.
Practising Dialectical Materialism: The Balkan House and Architecture in Socialist Yugoslavia
Authors: Ignjatović Aleksandar , Stojiljković Danica Milan
Published: October 2023

This article examines relationships between architecture and ideology in socialist Yugoslavia by exploring the cultural interpretation and appropriation of the Balkan house in achieving modern, specifically Yugoslav architectural expression. Through the contextualization of the period's different narratives on the Ottoman vernacular and various architectural designs related to it, the aim is to demonstrate how Yugoslav architects relied on Marxism to appropriate vernacular architecture into the modernist discourses. Dialectical materialism was used as a key for the interpretation of the opposition between what was seen as the negative and positive elements of the Balkan house, which challenged banal polarization between the traditional and modern and led to a more nuanced understanding of backwardness and progress in vernacular architecture. The idea of architectural metamorphoses of vernacular to modern forms was justified by evolution and revolution, the basic concepts of the Marxist understanding of processes in society and culture. The Yugoslav interest in the Balkan house represented a living, perceivable example of how the relationships between tradition and modernity, the past and the present, as well as men and their environment, became incorporated into new architecture of ‘socialism with a humane face’, which stood at the heart of Yugoslav social and political experiment.
Gestational Serum Retinol Deficiency Is Associated with Enamel Hypoplasia
Authors: Samuel S.R. , Lai C.W.M. , Khan M.M. , Mathew M.G. , Kramer M.S. , Hsu C.-Y.S.
Published: October 2023

Enamel hypoplasia (EH) is a prevalent developmental defect of teeth that can result from various insults, including prenatal nutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between prenatal serum retinol deficiency and EH in the deciduous teeth of offspring at 2-y of age. A cohort of 1,450 pregnant women was enrolled, and their prenatal nutritional status was assessed between 12 and 14 wk of gestation. Maternal serum retinol, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), hemoglobin, body mass index, and birth outcomes, infant feeding practices, family socioeconomic status, and demographic information were recorded. Oral health examinations were conducted for the children semiannually, and EH was diagnosed using the Modified DDE index on all the surfaces of erupted teeth. A modified Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the cumulative risk of EH over a period of 2-y. A total of 920 (63.4%) mother–child pairs completed the study, and the cumulative EH prevalence among offspring after 2-y of follow-up was 16.5% ( N = 152; 87/1,114 children in the first year and 132/920 in the second year, with 20/920 having EH only in the first year). After adjusting for potential confounders, maternal serum retinol deficiency significantly increased the risk of deciduous EH (risk ratio [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–3.7). In addition, deficient serum 25OHD (RR, 6.5; 95% CI, 4.0–10.7), caesarean delivery (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0–2.4), Muslim (RR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0–4.1) and Christian (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6–3.5) versus Hindu religions, and very preterm birth (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.9) increased the risk of EH. Children presenting with EH had 2 or more teeth affected, and the maxillary incisors were the most frequently affected, followed by the first primary molars and canines. In conclusion, maternal serum retinol deficiency during the 12 to 14 wk of gestation may increase the risk of deciduous EH, besides the well-established 25OHD deficiency.
Attentional Focus Strategies for Promoting Children’s Motor Learning: A Scoping Review With a Learner-Task-Environment Framework
Authors: Eguia Kathlynne F. , Ng Shamay S. M. , Wong Thomson W. L.
Published: October 2023

There is emerging evidence that attentional focus instructions and feedback may help children with motor learning. However, information relevant to learner characteristics, settings, and contexts in which attentional focus strategies can be used has not been synthesized. Therefore, in this review, we adopted a learner-task-environment framework to map the evidence to date related to attentional focus strategies in children’s motor learning. We adapted the framework for scoping reviews put forth by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and the enhanced protocol recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute (Peters et al., 2021). Two researchers (a) identified the research question, (b) identified relevant studies, (c) selected studies, (d) charted the data, and (e) collated, summarized, and reported these results. We included 30 papers, all of which used an experimental or quasi-experimental design. Most studies have focused on typically developing children and those in middle childhood as learners. The movement tasks in these studies included isolated fundamental movement skills and sport-related tasks. All but one study were situated in non-clinical settings (i.e., school, laboratory). We found limited use of attentional focus strategies for learning movement tasks in early childhood, especially among children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Movement tasks were mostly isolated skills, and there was extremely limited application to clinical settings.
Responsibility and Restitution in the Freedman's Bank Crisis
Authors: Fair Ely Melchior
Published: October 2023

The Freedman's Savings Bank, founded in 1865, was established with the express purpose of providing safe banking access for newly freed black Americans. Despite a charter dedicated to low-risk banking, the boot-strap mythology expounded by Congress was undermined by rampant fraud. Nine years after its founding, the Bank folded, swallowing 1.2 million dollars in deposits (approximately 29.6 million today) spread among roughly 61,000 individuals.

The Freedman's Bank offers policy makers and social justice advocates an under-explored opportunity. Despite the near universal recognition that the fault for the institution's collapse lies with Federal mismanagement, a majority of the deposits were never compensated. Both the power to restitute and the culpability rest with the same party. Further, the record keeping of the bank ensures reasonably clean lines of inheritance for compensation. Combined these factors make a return of Freedman's Savings deposits politically viable in the rhetoric of contemporary America.

This article provides the historical and data research necessary to arm policy makers in the restitution of the victim's deposits. It is not the intention of this policy to supplant the more ambitious effort of reparations, but instead to build a rhetorical position squarely within the liberalist market tradition, which also mitigates harm.
The Limits of Congregational Support for Working Women
Authors: Okuwobi Oneya Fennell , Daniels Denise , Ecklund Elaine Howard
Published: October 2023

Recent scholarship has illuminated the ways that women clergy are disadvantaged in their work, even in congregations that actively support women ministers. How might this disadvantage extend to women congregants who work for pay in other fields? Drawing on 136 interviews from a national study on work and faith, we analyze the accounts of clergy within different types of Christian churches as well as those of women congregants. Surprisingly, we find the same three themes across denomination types showing how support for working women lags that of their male counterparts: (1) lack of support for women by clergymen in general, (2) a lack of specificity concerning issues facing women who work, and (3) insensitivity to working women’s schedules. We conclude that churches, regardless of gender ideology, act as gendered organizations by gendering practices, cultures, interactions, and identities. In doing so, churches hold men as the prototypical worker and fail to provide adequate religious support for working women. This study contributes to a growing focus on religious support for working people and reveals subtle mechanisms by which religious organizations reinforce gender disparities even while preaching gender equity.
Responses to Compatriot Tourist Misbehavior: The Importance of Social Identity, Emotions, and Misbehavior Type
Authors: Sun Wanting , Chien P. Monica , Pappu Ravi
Published: October 2023

As destinations recover quickly from the COVID-19 pandemic, the tension caused by tourist misbehavior is coming back to poison the sustainability of tourism development. Guided by the social identity theory, this paper examines how people respond to compatriot tourist misbehavior. It contributes to the literature by studying the psychological mechanism underlying individuals’ calibration of misbehaviors committed by compatriot tourists and predicting downstream intergroup and intragroup consequences of tourist misbehavior. The results of two experiments showed that people displayed ingroup favoritism and intragroup differentiation simultaneously in their responses to compatriot tourists’ misbehavior. Ingroup identification motivated people to exculpate the misbehaving compatriots and carry out prosocial behavior direct at the destination involved, suggesting a double-edged sword. Emotions played mediating roles underlying people’s attitudes and behavioral intentions toward compatriot tourists’ misbehavior. The results also implied the moderating role of misbehavior type. Practically, this paper informs destinations on communication strategies for tourist misbehavior.
Factors Associated With Working Caregivers’ Well-Being: Comparisons Between Black and White Working Caregivers in the United States
Authors: Templeman Maureen E. , Lee Soomi , Haley William E.
Published: October 2023

This study investigated stressors and strains, resources, and well-being among Black working caregivers (BWC) and White working caregivers (WWC) who participated in the Midlife in the United States study (Black: n  =  49, White: n  =  250). Comparisons were made between BWC and WWC for primary caregiving stressors, secondary strains, resources, and well-being, and hierarchical regression models tested associations among these factors. BWC reported less negative work-to-family spillover, more perceived control and religious/spiritual coping, and higher positive affect than WWC, complementing existing evidence of greater resilience among BWC. Secondary strains stemming from the workplace had stronger associations with well-being than primary caregiving stressors, confirming that the workplace deserves greater attention in stress research and interventions for working caregivers. Finally, perceived control, optimism, and family support were important resources for well-being for both BWC and WWC, substantiating their valuable role in interventions for working caregivers.
Tensile creep behavior and structures of sisal fiber reinforced styrene butadiene thermoplastic elastomer/polystyrene composites
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Liao Liangyan , Liang Zesheng , Wu Rulong , Yang Fang
Published: October 2023

Styrene butadiene thermoplastic elastomer (SBS)/polystyrene (PS)/sisal fiber (SF) composites were prepared by melt-blending method. The tensile creep behavior of SBS/PS/SF composites was studied and fitted by four viscoelastic models including Findley, Burger, generalized Kelvin-Voigt and Maxwell models. The effects of content and surface properties of SF treated by alkali and silane coupling agent on the creep behavior, structures and thermal properties of the composites under the action of tensile stress were investigated. The results indicated that the generalized Kelvin-Voigt model and generalized Maxwell model could best fit the tensile creep behavior of SBS/PS/SF composites. The creep resistance and thermal stability of the composites improved with the increases of SF content and tensile stress. The interfacial properties of fiber and matrix were enhanced after SF treated by silane, which would be beneficial to the improvements of the creep resistance and thermal stability. The glass transition temperature of the composite increased with the increase of SF content, but decreased after the action of the tensile stress.
Do the Best and Brightest West Point Officers Stay in or Leave the Army?
Authors: Spain Everett S. P. , Lin Eric , Farina Andrew G.
Published: October 2023

Studying archival data from 16 West Point cohorts (classes of 1992–2007, N = 13,309), this article operationalizes the concept of “best and brightest” and then investigates whether the best and brightest West Point cadets depart the Army at a higher rate than their average-performing peers. A combination of multi-variable regression and survival analysis indicates that the best and brightest West Pointers are as likely to stay in the Army past year 6 (to serve as a company commander) and are more likely to stay in the Army past year 10 (to serve as a field grade officer) as compared with their average- and lower-performing peers. In addition, among the best and brightest West Pointers, both female and minority officers are as likely to stay in the Army past year 6 as their male and Caucasian officer peers, respectively, although minority officers are much less likely to stay past year 10 than their Caucasian male peers.
Hybridized Renewable Energy for Smart Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Systems
Authors: Amertet Sairoel , Gebresenbet Girma
Published: October 2023

Wind and sunlight are increasingly being exploited as energy supplies that never run out. Additionally, renewable energy resources, including sun, wind, and geothermal heat, are being used for different technologies. It was considered the use of hybridized wind-solar energy resources in smart vehicle technology. A thorough understanding of an integrated framework of the hybridized renewable energy for smart vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems is essential and required to further identify and perhaps maximize existing opportunities. Aiming to develop a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system where the smart vehicle runs on stored sunshine and wind energy, and vehicle batteries store energy and release it to the electricity grid in peak demand periods. To achieve this aim, mathematical models for solar and wind systems were created and entire 24-h simulations were run for case studies of three smart vehicles, which were assessed for different scenarios and circumstances, using the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The estimated values obtained were home load 10 MW, power factor 0.15 MVA, industrial load 0.16 MVA, and smart car-to-grid, solar panel farm, and wind farm power of 4 MW, 8 MW, and 4.5 MW, respectively. Therefore, the hybridized wind-solar energy sources were applicable for all three smart vehicles considered.