bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the PREDICT Prognostication Tool in US Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Stabellini Nickolas , Cao Lifen , Towe Christopher W. , Miller Megan E. , Sousa-Santos Artur H. , Amin Amanda L. , Montero Alberto J.
Published: October 2023

Background: PREDICT is an online prognostication tool derived from breast cancer registry information on approximately 6,000 women treated in the United Kingdom that estimates the postsurgical treatment benefit of surgery alone, chemotherapy, trastuzumab, endocrine therapy, and/or adjuvant bisphosphonates in early-stage breast cancer. Our aim was to validate the PREDICT algorithm in predicting 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) probabilities using real-world outcomes among US patients with breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was performed including women diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer in 2004 through 2012. Women with primary unilateral invasive breast cancer were included. Patients with bilateral or metastatic breast cancer, no breast surgery, or missing critical clinical information were excluded. Prognostic scores from PREDICT were calculated and external validity was approached by assessing statistical discrimination through area under time-dependent receiver-operator curves (AUC) and comparing the predicted survival to the observed OS in relevant subgroups. Results: We included 708,652 women, with a median age of 58 years. Most patients were White (85.4%), non-Hispanic (88.4%), and diagnosed with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer (79.6%). Approximately 50% of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, 67% received adjuvant endocrine therapy, 60% underwent a partial mastectomy, and 59% had 1 to 5 axillary sentinel nodes removed. Median follow-up time was 97.7 months. The population’s 5- and 10-year OS were 89.7% and 78.7%, respectively. Estimated 5- and 10-year median survival with PREDICT were 88.3% and 73.8%, and an AUC of 0.77 and 0.76, respectively. PREDICT performed most poorly in patients with high Charlson-Deyo comorbidity scores (2–3), where PREDICT overestimated OS. Sensitivity analysis by year of diagnosis and HER2 status showed similar results. Conclusions: In this prognostic study utilizing the National Cancer Database, the PREDICT tool accurately predicted 5- and 10-year OS in a contemporary and diverse population of US patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer.
Identification and Characterization of Avoidable Hospital Admissions in Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Lander Eric M. , Li Xuanyi , Huang Li-Ching , Cass Amanda S. , Iams Wade T. , Skotte Emily A. , Whisenant Jennifer G. , Ramirez Robert A. , York Sally J. , Osterman Travis J. , Lewis Jennifer A. , Lovly Christine M. , Shyr Yu , Horn Leora
Published: October 2023

Background: More than 50% of patients with lung cancer are admitted to the hospital while receiving treatment, which is a burden to patients and the healthcare system. This study characterizes the risk factors and outcomes of patients with lung cancer who were admitted to the hospital. Methods: A multidisciplinary oncology care team conducted a retrospective medical record review of patients with lung cancer admitted in 2018. Demographics, disease and admission characteristics, and end-of-life care utilization were recorded. Following a multidisciplinary consensus review process, admissions were determined to be either “avoidable” or “unavoidable.” Generalized estimating equation logistic regression models assessed risks and outcomes associated with avoidable admissions. Results: In all, 319 admissions for 188 patients with a median age of 66 years (IQR, 59–74 years) were included. Cancer-related symptoms accounted for 65% of hospitalizations. Common causes of unavoidable hospitalizations were unexpected disease progression causing symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, and infection. Of the 47 hospitalizations identified as avoidable (15%), the median overall survival was 1.6 months compared with 9.7 months (hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.34–3.19; P<.001) for unavoidable hospitalizations. Significant reasons for avoidable admissions included cancer-related pain (P=.02), hypervolemia (P=.03), patient desire to initiate hospice services (P=.01), and errors in medication reconciliation or distribution (P<.001). Errors in medication management caused 26% of the avoidable hospitalizations. Of admissions in patients receiving immunotherapy (n=102) or targeted therapy (n=44), 9% were due to adverse effects of treatment. Patients receiving immunotherapy and targeted therapy were at similar risk of avoidable hospitalizations compared with patients not receiving treatment (P=.3 and P=.1, respectively). Conclusions: We found that 15% of hospitalizations among patients with lung cancer were potentially avoidable. Uncontrolled symptoms, delayed implementation of end-of-life care, and errors in medication reconciliation were associated with avoidable inpatient admissions. Symptom management tools, palliative care integration, and medication reconciliations may mitigate hospitalization risk.
Analysis of The Influence of Customer Perceived Benefit, Ease of Use and Sales Promotion on The Decision to Use Digital Wallets for Shopeepay Customers
Authors: Sudirjo Frans , Syamsuri Helmy , Mardiah Ainil , Widarman Agung , Novita Yulia
Published: October 2023

This study looks at how factors like convenience, utility, and sales promotion affect people's decisions to use multiple e-wallets at once. Because the respondents surveyed utilize e-wallets, and because it is impossible to anticipate how many users there will be over time, this study uses an infinite population. Purposive sampling was employed to choose the sample for this study. Thus, the researcher decided that 250 respondents who had used e-wallets would make up the sample. Researchers use questionnaires to gather data. The questionnaire was disseminated by the researchers via social media. Multiple linear regression analysis with the aid of SPSS software is the data analysis technique used in this study. T-statistics are applied to test this proposition. The choice to use an e-wallet is significantly influenced by sales promotions. Choosing to use an e-wallet is strongly influenced by convenience. The choice to use an e-wallet is significantly influenced by its usability. The decision to utilize an e-wallet is heavily influenced by convenience, usefulness, and sales promotion all at once.
Analysis of The Influence of Customer Satisfaction, Experiental Marketing and E-Service Quality on Loyalty of KAI Commuter Customers
Authors: Indriastiningsih Erna , Violin Vivid , Syafri Muhammad , Nurbakti Rezky , Judijanto Loso
Published: October 2023

The goal of this study is to ascertain whether customer satisfaction, service quality, and experiential marketing directly affect consumer loyalty. People who commute by train are participants in this study. This study used a non-probability sampling technique called purposeful sampling, which had a sample size of 100 participants. The data analysis method used in this study is called path analysis. The study's findings show a definite correlation between customer satisfaction and the variable of service quality. Experiential marketing has a direct impact on customer satisfaction. Service excellence and experience marketing elements have a direct impact on customer satisfaction. Service quality has a direct bearing on customer loyalty. The experience marketing factor has a direct effect on customer loyalty. client happiness has a direct bearing on client loyalty. Service excellence, experiential marketing, and customer satisfaction all have a direct bearing on customer loyalty. The service quality factor indirectly influences customer loyalty by influencing client satisfaction. The experiential marketing element indirectly influences customer loyalty by influencing client satisfaction.
Đánh giá nhu cầu sử dụng y học cổ truyền điều trị bệnh lý cơ xương khớp tại huyện Thuận Thành tỉnh Bắc Ninh năm 2019
Authors: Nguyễn Ngọc Tiến , Trần Thị Minh Tâm , Lưu Minh Châu
Published: October 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng bệnh cơ xương khớp tại huyện Thuận Thành tỉnh Bắc Ninh năm 2019.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Đối tượng trong nghiên cứu này là người có mắc cơ xương khớp trong cộng đồng. Phương pháp nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang.

Kết quả: Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân cơ xương khớp giới tính nữ gặp nhiều hơn nam. Trong đó nữ chiếm 61,5%, nam chiếm 38,5%. Phần lớn các bệnh nhân tập trung ở nhóm trên 50 tuổi (73,1%), trong đó lứa tuổi mắc bệnh nhiều nhất là từ 50 đến 59 tuổi chiếm 33,6%. Trình độ học vấn của đối tượng nghiên cứu tập trung nhiều nhất là tiểu học và trung học cơ sở chiếm 69,2%; trung học phổ thông cũng chiếm tỷ lệ khá cao (17%); còn một bộ phận người chưa đi học, chưa biết đọc biết viết là 5,5%. Bệnh nhân trong nghiên cứu tập trung nhiều nhất ở Nông/lâm/ngư nghiệp (34,9%). Trong số 13 bệnh về cơ xương khớp trong nghiên cứu, chiếm tỷ lệ nhiều nhất là đau cột sống thắt lưng chiếm 39%.
Đánh giá tác dụng điều trị thoái hóa khớp gối của bài thuốc “Khớp HV”
Authors: Nghiêm Đức Xuân , Đoàn Quang Huy
Published: October 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả và tác dụng không mong muốn của bài thuốc “Khớp HV” điều trị thoái hóa khớp gối.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu được thiết kế theo phương pháp thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên so sánh trước và sau điều trị, và so sánh với nhóm chứng, theo dõi, đánh giá bệnh nhân sử dụng thuốc trong 21 ngày liên tục trên 60 bệnh nhân có chẩn đoán xác định thoái hóa khớp gối được chia ngẫu nhiên thành 2 nhóm: 30 bệnh nhân ở nhóm nghiên cứu (NNC) và 30 bệnh nhân ở nhóm đối chứng (NĐC) tại Bệnh viện Tuệ Tĩnh từ tháng 3/2019 đến hết tháng 12/2019. Các bệnh nhân ở NNC điều trị bằng bài thuốc “Khớp HV”, NĐC điều trị bệnh bằng bài thuốc “Ý dĩ nhân thang”, liệu trình là 21 ngày cho cả 2 nhóm. Số liệu được xử lý của phần mềm SPSS 20.0.

Kết quả: Hiệu quả điều trị chung đạt rất tốt là 20%, tốt là 80%, tác dụng giảm đau: giảm 53,19% điểm VAS so với trước khi điều trị (D0), tăng đáng kể tầm vận động khớp gối, cải thiện điểm Lysholm: tăng 19,17% so với D0. Trong thời gian 21 ngày sử dụng bài thuốc Khớp HV theo đường uống, ghi nhận 2 trường hợp đại tiện lỏng và 3 trường hợp đau thượng vị; không thấy sự khác biệt về chỉ số huyết học và sinh hóa trước và sau điều trị.

Kết luận: Bài thuốc “Khớp HV” an toàn và hiệu quả trong điều trị thoái hóa khớp gối.
Thực trạng khám chữa bệnh bằng y học cổ truyền tại các trạm y tế xã tỉnh Thái Bình và giải pháp mô hình hiệu quả khám chữa bệnh của Bệnh viện Y học cổ truyền Thái Bình
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Xuyên
Published: October 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả Thực trạng khám chữa bệnh bằng y học cổ truyền tại các trạm y tế xã tỉnh Thái Bình năm 2019.

Đánh giá hiệu quả công tác khám chữa bệnh bằng y học cổ truyền tại Bệnh viện Y học cổ truyền Thái Bình đến năm 2020.

Kết quả: Điều tra 286 trạm y tế xã ở tỉnh Thái Bình cho thấy cán bộ ở tuyến này còn hạn chế về trình độ chuyên môn và thiếu về cả số lượng và chất lượng. Trình độ chuyên môn của đối tượng điều tra: Trung học: 54,45%; Cao đẳng 12,17%; Đại học: 27,72%; sau đại học: 5,64%. Nguồn lực y học cổ truyền phân bố không đều, ở tuyến tỉnh 28,48%, huyện 20,7% và xã: 50,81%. Lĩnh vực chuyên môn đang làm của cán bộ y học cổ truyền chủ yếu là khám chữa bệnh: 95,60%.

Toàn tỉnh thực trạng khám chữa bệnh bằng y học cổ truyền tại các trạm y tế xã tỉnh Thái Bình. Trong toàn năm 2019, đạt 97,55%. Các đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học còn hạn chế về số lượng và phạm vi ứng dụng. Hoạt động khám chữa bệnh Bệnh viện Y học cổ truyền Thái Bình ngày một phát triển, là bệnh viện chuyên khoa đầu ngành của tỉnh. Dù vậy, Bệnh viện Y học cổ truyền Thái Bình vẫn chưa đáp ứng được các mục tiêu chiến lược của Chính phủ đề ra về chất lượng khám chữa bệnh, cũng như nhu cầu khám chữa bệnh của cán bộ và nhân dân trong tỉnh.

Kiến nghị: Tác giả đưa ra một số giải pháp: tăng cường công tác đào tạo cán bộ, trong đó đặc biệt đào tạo cán bộ chuyên y học cổ truyền trình độ cao, chuyên sâu. Phân bố nguồn nhân lực cho phù hợp giữa tuyến tỉnh, huyện và xã. Tăng cường đầu tư trang thiết bị và cơ sở hạ tầng, triển khai, nhân rộng mô hình hoạt động khám chữa bệnh bằng y học cổ truyền tại các trạm y tế xã tỉnh Thái Bình.
Vulnerability test suite generator (VTSG) version 3
Authors: Black Paul E , Mentzer William , Fong Elizabeth , Stivalet Bertrand
Published: October 2023

The Vulnerability Test Suite Generator (VTSG) Version 3 can create vast numbers of synthetic programs with and without specific flaws or vulnerabilities. Such programs are useful for measuring static analysis tools. VTSG was designed by the Software Assurance Metrics and Tool Evaluation (SAMATE) team and originally implemented by students at TELECOM Nancy. The latest version is structured to be able to generate vulnerable and nonvulnerable synthetic programs expressing specific flaws in typical programming languages. It has libraries to generate programs in PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), C#, and Python. This document may help if you are trying to generate test cases in PHP, C#, or Python, adding new complexities or flaws or vulnerability, or modifying VTSG to have new capabilities or to generate test cases in other programming languages.
ประธานาธิบดีอินเดีย : พหุลักษณ์และปณิธาน
Authors: คำวัง อภิรัฐ
Published: October 2023

บทความวิชาการนี้เป็นการศึกษาอิสระและนำเสนอเรื่องการเลือกตั้งประธานาธิบดีอินเดีย ตั้งแต่การสถาปนาประเทศถึงปัจจุบัน มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อวิเคราะห์สังคมพหุลักษณ์ของอินเดียและปณิธานทางสังคมผ่านตำแหน่งประธานาธิบดี โดยเก็บข้อมูลระดับทุติยภูมิและระดับตติยภูมิ จากหน่วยงานรัฐและสำนักข่าวอินเดีย ผลการศึกษาแสดงให้เห็นถึง (ก) ความสำคัญของการคัดผู้สมัครที่เหมาะสมโดยพรรคการเมืองและพันธมิตร ซึ่งเป็นตัวแปรในการกำหนดหรือไม่ว่าจะส่งเสริมอัตลักษณ์ทางการเมือง (ข) การเลือกของคณะเลือกตั้ง เป็นขั้นตอนตัดสิน มุ่งเป้าตามความโน้มเอียงของพรรค (ค) บริบททางการเมือง สังคม และการเปลี่ยนยุค ส่งผลให้เกิดการปรับสูตรการคัดบุคคลที่มีอัตลักษณ์ทางสังคมตามปรารถนา นี่จึงเป็นการแสดงออกถึงพหุลักษณ์และเอื้อให้อัตลักษณ์ของบุคคลเป็นต้นแบบ เป็นปณิธานทางสังคม และสร้างแรงกระเพื่อมเชิงสร้างสรรค์ ดังนั้น ตำแหน่งประธานาธิบดีอินเดียจึงมีบทบาทสำคัญในการเชิดชูสังคมพหุลักษณ์ เคารพต่อวรรณะ ชาติพันธุ์ และศาสนา โดยเฉพาะกรณีหลัง ค.ศ.2000 เมื่อตำแหน่งประธานาธิบดีได้แสดงออกมากขึ้นและน่ายกย่องกับบทบาททางสังคมวัฒนธรรมในอินเดีย
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS DALAM UPAYA MEMINIMALISASI KERUSAKAN PADA BUAH DENGAN METODE NEW SEVEN QUALITY TOOLS (STUDI KASUS DI PT LION SUPER INDO)
Authors: Alan febriansyah Elrico
Published: October 2023

Perusahaan yang di amati merupakan salah satu perusahaan ritel terbaik yang menjual produk segar sebagai fokus penjualannya. Cukup banyaknya produk buah lokal yang mengalami kerusakan membuat daya beli pelanggan dalam membeli buah lokal menurun, oleh sebab itu perlunya pengendalian kualitas yang berkelanjutan saat proses kerja, dengan adanya pengendalian kualitas dan tentunya perbaikan, di harapkan penurunan jumlah kerusakan buah lokal. Penelitian bertujuan mencari faktor-faktor penyebab kerusakan yang terjadi pada buah lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode New Seven Quality Tools, dalam identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa faktor buah, kondisi pajangan, faktor metode kerja dan faktor karyawan.Perusahaan perlu lebih detail lagi dalam pengecekan kualitas buah, dan perlu pembelajaran ulang prosedur kerja karyawan agar fungsi karyawan lebih optimal dalam melaksanakan proses kerja.
MENINGKATKAN NILAI OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE) PADA MESIN COLD FORGING MENGGUNAKAN METODE PDCA (STUDI KASUS PT SAGA HIKARI TEKNINDO SEJATI - CIKARANG)
Authors: Kurnia Ismail
Published: October 2023

Abstrak. PT Saga Hikari Teknindo Sejati merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerakdibidang pembuatan part otomotif. Salah satu part otomotif adalah center electrode. Salahsatu mesin yang membuat center electrode adalah Cold Forging Berdasarkan data historispencapaian nilai OEE mesin Cold forging selama 6 bulan (Juni 2021-November 2022) memilikinilai yaitu 64%. Dengan aspek penunjang OEE terendah yaitu Availiability Ratio sebesar 84% &Performance Ratio sebesar 77% sedangkan Quality ratio sudah memenuhi standar yaitusebesar 99%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengurangi terjadinya Idle & Minor stoppage yangsebelum perbaikan sebesar 56,93%. Pada penelitian ini ntuk meningkatkan nilai Avaliability &Performance Ratio dan OEE sesuai dengan target perusahaan menggunakan metode PDCA.Pada tahap Plan merencanakan untuk mencari faktor apa saja yang membuat nilaiPerformance Ratio rendah menggunakan 5W1H, diagram pareto, kesesuaian kondisi, dandiagram fishbone. Tahap Do setelah diketahui penyebabnya, melakukan tindakan perbaikanpada setiap Loss item idle & minor stoppage. Tahap Check melakukan evaluasi setelahdilakukan perbaikan. Tahap Action melakukan standarisasi untuk mencegah terjadinyapermasalahan yang sama.Hasil dari penelitian ini periode Desember 2021 – Mei 2022 untukpersentase idle & minorstoppage mengalami penuruan 45% menjadi 11% lalu untukAvaliability ratio meningkat 10,3% menjadi 94,3% dan Performance Ratio meningkat 9,3%menjadi sebesar 86,7% dan hasil OEE mengalami kenaikan 17,2% menjadi sebesar 81,5%
Analyse des constructions anarchiques du quartier Majengo à Kasindi
Authors:   Section Architecture, IBTP, Butembo, P.O. Box 124, République Démocratique du Congo, Saghasa Muhindo Dieu-merci
Published: October 2023

Kasindi connaît une croissance démographique rapide ; cette localité n’a aucune politique de production de l’habitat au moment où la demande en logement devient de plus en plus forte. Cette étude s’intéresse ainsi à des populations aux revenus très aléatoires et qui habitent au quartier Majengo. Elle analyse le contexte général de localisation et du dynamisme de la population résidente. Après le dépouillement des données de l’enquête, nous avons observé qu’il y a trois causes majeures de l’anarchie du quartier Majengo. Il s’agit : a) du niveau de vie très bas, b) du déséquilibre sur les marchés du foncier et les différents conflits fonciers, et c) de la non application des normes d’urbanisme pour un développement durable. Sur ce, cette étude recommande l’application d’un plan d’urbanisme, en vue d’orienter le développement physique de la ville. C’est important non seulement pour des raisons d’ordre architectural, mais aussi, pour des raisons de convivialité, d’assainissement et de circulation intérieure. Un tel plan devrait indiquer clairement où construire où préserver en vue d’autres aménagements.
Single-nuclei characterization of pervasive transcriptional signatures across organs in response to COVID-19
Authors:   The COVID Tissue Atlas Consortium, Granados Alejandro A , Bucher Simon , Song Hanbing , Agrawal Aditi , Chen Ann T , Peng Tien , Neff Norma , Pisco Angela Oliveira , Huang Franklin , Wang Bruce
Published: October 2023

Background:

Infection by coronavirus SARS-CoV2 is a severe and often deadly disease that has implications for the respiratory system and multiple organs across the human body. While the effects in the lung have been extensively studied, less is known about the impact COVID-19 has across other organs.

Methods:

Here, we contribute a single-nuclei RNA-sequencing atlas comprising six human organs across 20 autopsies where we analyzed the transcriptional changes due to COVID-19 in multiple cell types. The integration of data from multiple organs enabled the identification of systemic transcriptional changes.

Results:

Computational cross-organ analysis for endothelial cells and macrophages identified systemic transcriptional changes in these cell types in COVID-19 samples. In addition, analysis of gene modules showed enrichment of specific signaling pathways across multiple organs in COVID-19 autopsies.

Conclusions:

Altogether, the COVID Tissue Atlas enables the investigation of both cell type-specific and cross-organ transcriptional responses to COVID-19, providing insights into the molecular networks affected by the disease and highlighting novel potential targets for therapies and drug development.

Funding:

The Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative, The Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub.
Down the Penrose stairs, or how selection for fewer recombination hotspots maintains their existence
Authors: Baker Zachary , Przeworski Molly , Sella Guy
Published: October 2023

In many species, meiotic recombination events tend to occur in narrow intervals of the genome, known as hotspots. In humans and mice, double strand break (DSB) hotspot locations are determined by the DNA-binding specificity of the zinc finger array of the PRDM9 protein, which is rapidly evolving at residues in contact with DNA. Previous models explained this rapid evolution in terms of the need to restore PRDM9 binding sites lost to gene conversion over time, under the assumption that more PRDM9 binding always leads to more DSBs. This assumption, however, does not align with current evidence. Recent experimental work indicates that PRDM9 binding on both homologs facilitates DSB repair, and that the absence of sufficient symmetric binding disrupts meiosis. We therefore consider an alternative hypothesis: that rapid PRDM9 evolution is driven by the need to restore symmetric binding because of its role in coupling DSB formation and efficient repair. To this end, we model the evolution of PRDM9 from first principles: from its binding dynamics to the population genetic processes that govern the evolution of the zinc finger array and its binding sites. We show that the loss of a small number of strong binding sites leads to the use of a greater number of weaker ones, resulting in a sharp reduction in symmetric binding and favoring new PRDM9 alleles that restore the use of a smaller set of strong binding sites. This decrease, in turn, drives rapid PRDM9 evolutionary turnover. Our results therefore suggest that the advantage of new PRDM9 alleles is in limiting the number of binding sites used effectively, rather than in increasing net PRDM9 binding. By extension, our model suggests that the evolutionary advantage of hotspots may have been to increase the efficiency of DSB repair and/or homolog pairing.
Adolescent neurostimulation of dopamine circuit reverses genetic deficits in frontal cortex function
Authors: Mastwal Surjeet , Li Xinjian , Stowell Rianne , Manion Matthew , Zhang Wenyu , Kim Nam-Shik , Yoon Ki-Jun , Song Hongjun , Ming Guo-Li , Wang Kuan Hong
Published: October 2023

Dopamine system dysfunction is implicated in adolescent-onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Although psychosis symptoms can be alleviated by antipsychotics, cognitive symptoms remain unresponsive and novel paradigms investigating the circuit substrates underlying cognitive deficits are critically needed. The frontal cortex and its dopaminergic input from the midbrain are implicated in cognitive functions and undergo maturational changes during adolescence. Here, we used mice carrying mutations in Arc or Disc1 to model mesofrontal dopamine circuit deficiencies and test circuit-based neurostimulation strategies to restore cognitive functions. We found that in a memory-guided spatial navigation task, frontal cortical neurons were activated coordinately at the decision-making point in wild-type but not Arc-/- mice. Chemogenetic stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons or optogenetic stimulation of frontal cortical dopamine axons in a limited adolescent period consistently reversed genetic defects in mesofrontal innervation, task-coordinated neuronal activity, and memory-guided decision-making at adulthood. Furthermore, adolescent stimulation of dopamine neurons also reversed the same cognitive deficits in Disc1+/- mice. Our findings reveal common mesofrontal circuit alterations underlying the cognitive deficits caused by two different genes and demonstrate the feasibility of adolescent neurostimulation to reverse these circuit and behavioral deficits. These results may suggest developmental windows and circuit targets for treating cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Structural rather than catalytic role for mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes
Authors: Brischigliaro Michele , Cabrera-Orefice Alfredo , Arnold Susanne , Viscomi Carlo , Zeviani Massimo , Fernández-Vizarra Erika
Published: October 2023

Mammalian mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes are able to associate into quaternary structures named supercomplexes (SCs), which normally coexist with non-bound individual complexes. The functional significance of SCs has not been fully clarified and the debate has been centered on whether or not they confer catalytic advantages compared with the non-bound individual complexes. Mitochondrial respiratory chain organization does not seem to be conserved in all organisms. In fact, and differently from mammalian species, mitochondria from Drosophila melanogaster tissues are characterized by low amounts of SCs, despite the high metabolic demands and MRC activity shown by these mitochondria. Here, we show that attenuating the biogenesis of individual respiratory chain complexes was accompanied by increased formation of stable SCs, which are missing in Drosophila melanogaster in physiological conditions. This phenomenon was not accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial respiratory activity. Therefore, we conclude that SC formation is necessary to stabilize the complexes in suboptimal biogenesis conditions, but not for the enhancement of respiratory chain catalysis.
Piezo1 mechanosensing regulates integrin-dependent chemotactic migration in human T cells
Authors: Liu Chinky Shiu Chen , Mandal Tithi , Biswas Parijat , Hoque Md. Asmaul , Bandopadhyay Purbita , Sinha Bishnu Prasad , Sarif Jafar , D’Rozario Ranit , Sinha Deepak Kumar , Sinha Bidisha , Ganguly Dipyaman
Published: October 2023

T cells are crucial for efficient antigen-specific immune responses and thus their migration within the body, to inflamed tissues from circulating blood or to secondary lymphoid organs, play a very critical role. T cell extravasation in inflamed tissues depends on chemotactic cues and interaction between endothelial adhesion molecules and cellular integrins. A migrating T cell is expected to sense diverse external and membrane-intrinsic mechano-physical cues, but molecular mechanisms of such mechanosensing in cell migration are not established. We explored if the professional mechanosensor Piezo1 play any role during integrin-dependent chemotaxis of human T cells. We found that deficiency of Piezo1 in human T cells interfered with integrin-dependent cellular motility on ICAM-1-coated surface. Piezo1 recruitment at the leading edge of moving T cells is dependent on and follows focal adhesion formation at the leading edge and local increase in membrane tension on chemokine receptor activation. Piezo1 recruitment and activation, followed by calcium influx and calpain activation, in turn are crucial for the integrin LFA-1 recruitment at the leading edge of the chemotactic human T cells. Thus we find that Piezo1 activation in response to local mechanical cues constitutes a membrane-intrinsic component of the ‘outside-in’ signaling in human T cells, migrating in response to chemokines, that mediates integrin recruitment to the leading edge.
Microbiota composition and correlations with environmental factors in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) culture ponds in South China
Authors: Lian Yingli , Zheng Xiafei , Xie Shouqi , A Dan , Wang Jian , Tang Jiayi , Zhu Xuan , Shi Baojun
Published: October 2023

To maintain the health of aquaculture fish, it is critical to understand the composition of microorganisms in aquaculture water and sediment and the factors affecting them. This study examined the water and sediment microbiota compositions of four different types of ponds in South China that were used to culture grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) of different sizes through high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and analyzed their correlations with environmental factors. The results showed that ponds with cultured grass carp of different sizes exhibited significant differences in terms of water physicochemical properties and composition of water and sediment microbiota. Furthermore, the exchange of microorganisms between water and sediment microbiota was lowest in ponds with the smallest grass carp and highest in ponds with the largest grass carp. All detected environmental factors except water temperature were significantly correlated with the water microbiota, and all detected environmental factors in the sediment were correlated with sediment microbiota. Moreover,Aeromonas hydrophilaandVibriowere significantly increased in the water microbiota, especially in ponds with small juvenile grass carp, implying an increased risk ofA. hydrophilaandVibrioinfections in these environments. Our results provide useful information for the management of grass carp aquaculture ponds.
Gestión de la construcción en madera para vivienda social: utilización de entramado ligero y estructuras metálicas complementarias para el desarrollo de conjuntos ambiental y económicamente competitivos para arriendo
Authors:   , Gallardo Muñoz Aníbal
Published: October 2023

La presente tesis proyectual tiene como tópico específico la gestión de la construcción para condominios de arriendo con interés social, con el objetivo de abordar el déficit habitacional desde la edificación en madera y generar tipologías edificatorias ambiental y económicamente competitivas en el actual marco regulatorio. Esto se desarrolla a través del proyecto de un conjunto de vivienda bajo el marco normativo del DS-49 y la resolución exenta 12.432, emplazado en la ciudad de Talca para el cual se llevó a cabo un laboratorio de iteraciones en el cual se probaron distintas soluciones estructurales, de fachada y de agrupamiento urbano, las cuales fueron analizadas de acuerdo con las variables de presupuesto, huella de carbono, confort, densidad y habitabilidad. El proyecto arquitectónico resultado de los procesos de modelación desarrolla las posibilidades de habitabilidad y espacialidad en un conjunto de dos volúmenes edificados de crujía simple de 5 pisos y 68 unidades de vivienda de 1, 2 y 3 dormitorios.
Progresión en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la comunicación oral: una propuesta didáctica aplicada para III° medio
Authors:   , Saavedra Parada Soledad Gerall
Published: October 2023

El presente trabajo delimita una doble problemática relativa a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la habilidad oral en la asignatura de Lengua y Literatura en Educación Media: una a nivel curricular, basada en la discontinuidad de los modelos que estructuran las Bases Curriculares del 2015 y 2019, y otra a nivel institucional, basada en un ethos abocado a la obtención de resultados y en una cultura escolar que adhiere a un modelo de interacción didáctica sistémico-instruccional. Frente a esta doble problemática, se elabora una propuesta didáctica para III° Medio que cautela la progresión en el desarrollo de la habilidad oral (tanto en su estructuración interna como con relación al ciclo educativo anterior), y que al mismo tiempo, procura insertarse en un modelo de interacción didáctica conversacional. La propuesta didáctica se enmarca conceptualmente en el modelo de competencias comunicativas de Canale (1983) e integra las nociones de género intermedio (Castellà y Vilà i Santasusana, 2005) y literacidad vernácula (Barton y Hamilton, 2004). En base a la implementación de la secuencia didáctica, se analizan los niveles de logro alcanzados por un grupo de 46 estudiantes a lo largo de tres etapas didácticas, concluyendo diversos aportes de la propuesta en cuanto al desarrollo de la competencia discursiva y sociolingüística y declarando algunas limitaciones respecto a la competencia gramatical y estratégica.
Desafíos y Tensiones en la Implementación de la Flexibilidad Curricular en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Mora Oliveros Paula Fernanda
Published: October 2023

El presente trabajo final de egreso surge de una reflexión acerca del llamado institucional realizado por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC) en su Plan de Desarrollo 2020-2025, que busca fomentar la innovación los planes de estudios para promover la flexibilidad curricular como medio de enriquecer el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de pregrado. En este estudio, se llevará a cabo una indagación en la literatura académica para explorar diversos conceptos relacionados con la flexibilidad curricular, centrándonos especialmente en los modelos de minor y major que se pretenden impulsar. Además, se revisarán algunas ideas y enfoques de gestión en educación superior y gestión del cambio que nos permitirán acercarnos al estudio y alcanzar los objetivos planteados. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal exponer las experiencias de los equipos de gestión de las unidades académicas que han implementado planes de estudios flexibles. Se busca identificar los desafíos y tensiones que surgen durante la implementación y administración de estos programas, así como indagar en las relaciones con las Unidades Académicas, el cuerpo docente y la gestión curricular en relación con los estudiantes. Finalmente, se llevará a cabo una reflexión sobre la importancia de este tema en el ámbito de la Educación Superior. Se reconocerá que, a medida que se profundiza, emergen otros temas igualmente relevantes que también merecen ser abordados. También se destacará, cómo este estudio representa un valioso aporte a la gestión de los equipos de trabajo involucrados en la implementación de planes de estudios flexibles y a su posicionamiento profesional.
Desarrollo e implementación de una aplicación programable simple para automatizaciones de domótica a través de una puerta de enlace tipo gateway
Authors:   , Rivera Vidal Benjamín Ismael
Published: October 2023

La domótica es el área de la computación que estudia y desarrolla el concepto de automatizaciones para las casas, convirtiéndolas en “casas inteligentes”. Sin embargo, se ha ido quedando atrás en la evolución de la facilidad de su uso, ya que las soluciones actuales se han enfocado en interactuar con los dispositivos de forma directa, pero acotada, o en hacerlo de forma totalmente configurable, pero altamente técnica. Así, aún hace falta un mayor foco en los usuarios, de tal forma que se permita realizar configuraciones programables arbitrariamente complejas sin que esto implique elevar la barrera de entrada. En este trabajo se presenta una solución de domótica que está diseñada para tener una baja barrera de entrada para principiantes, pero que de igual forma permite realizar configuraciones y automatizaciones simples o complejas. Tiene bajo nivel de configuración plug-and-play, está basado en una aplicación Web multiplataforma, con un componente de procesamiento local tipo “gateway”, y con un fuerte enfoque de diseño en la facilidad de uso. Se plantean además tres casos de uso solucionables a través de domótica, que son implementados a través de la solución propuesta. Se concluye de estos que la solución expuesta en este trabajo permite programar una automatización de domótica partiendo desde cero sin necesitar realizar ninguna instalación o configuración técnica, que es posible programar automatizaciones desde una interfaz visual con baja barrera de entrada o una interfaz de texto con opciones extendidas, y que es posible realizar toda la interacción necesaria a través de una única aplicación Web multiplataforma que no requiere instalación.
Influencia de un giro ciclónico y un frente termohalino en la estructura poblacional de Centropages furcatus en la bahía de La Paz, golfo de California
Authors: Mojica-Ramírez Erika , Monreal-Gómez María Adela , Hernández-Trujillo Sergio , Salas-de León David Alberto
Published: October 2023

Se analizó la estructura poblacional de Centropages furcatus asociada a estructuras hidrográficas a finales de la primavera de 2004. La distribución de los diferentes estadios de copepoditos de C. furcatus fue analizada a partir de las muestras de zooplancton obtenidas con una red bongo. En la bahía de La Paz, la hidrografía y la velocidad geostrófica relativa al fondo revelaron la presencia de un giro ciclónico en la cuenca Alfonso y un frente termohalino cerca de Boca Grande. La distribución de la concentración de clorofila a integrada verticalmente mostró valores máximos en el centro del giro y en la región del frente, lo que evidenció que ambas estructuras hidrográficas favorecen la productividad biológica debido al flujo de nutrientes hacia la capa eufótica en el giro y a la acumulación de nutrientes en el frente termohalino. Los resultados mostraron que la variación espacial de C. furcatus estuvo influenciada por ambas estructuras hidrográficas. En el giro ciclónico se observó una distribución diferencial por etapa de desarrollo, con mayor densidad poblacional de los primeros estadios de copepoditos en el centro del giro, como consecuencia de la alta concentración de clorofila a por el enriquecimiento de nutrientes en la capa eufótica, debido al bombeo de Ekman. La densidad poblacional de copépodos fue mayor en el frente termohalino que en el interior del giro ciclónico, debido a que el frente actúa como una zona reproductiva de la especie que mantiene una densidad poblacional estable para los adultos de la bahía y del golfo de California.
XVI AEET National Congress
Authors: Española de Ecología Terrestre Asociación
Published: October 2023

Recopilatorio de los resúmenes de las ponencias presentadas en el XVI Congreso Nacional de la Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre.
THE NON-FINANCIAL RESULTS OF SUPPORTING ENTERPRISES OF THE AVIATION VALLEY USING PUBLIC FUNDS FOR RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION
Authors: WIERCIOCH Magdalena
Published: October 2023

One of the most important stimulators for the economic situation of enterprises is conducting research, development and innovation activities. However, the costs of running these activities are so high that they exceed the financial capabilities of many enterprises. The financial remedy turns out to be state aid funds, which can bring a number of different benefits. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the non-financial results of supporting the Aviation Valley cluster through public aid for R&D&I. The article is based on a case study of a unit that raises significant funds for these activities. It defines the concepts of research and development and innovation activities, and discusses the development of these activities in Poland in the years 2011–2021. It also characterizes the non-financial results of supporting the Aviation Valley cluster via public aid funds for R&D&I, summarizing the most important achievements of the Aviation Valley.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall in South-central Senegal: Example of the Fatick and Kaolack Regions
Authors: Diallo Souleymane , Knudby Anders Jensen
Published: October 2023

One of the manifestations of climate change in the Sahel is a decrease in rainfall, which has led to a sharp decline in water potential in the south-central Senegal. The objective of this study is to understand the changes in rainfall through time and space, in the south-central Senegal (Fatick and Kaolack regions), to better plan water management for sustainable development. The rainfall data used ranges from 1961 to 2020 for the sites of Gossas, Foundiougne, Guinguineo and Nioro, and from 1951 to 2020 for the sites of Fatick and Kaolack. Pettitt and Buishand break tests were used to detect changes in rainfall patterns, Hubert segmentation was used to highlight sub-periods within the time series, and Standardized Precipitation Indices (SPI) were used to highlight deficits and surpluses. The results of break tests and Hubert segmentation show a decrease in average rainfall between the 1960s and 1970s, and an increase between the 1990s and 2000s, for some of the sites. The decrease in the 1960s and 1970s was early in sites in the Fatick region (Gossas, Fatick and Foundiougne) and late or absent in the Kaolack region (Guinguineo, Kaolack and Nioro). As for the increase in the 1990s and 2000s, it was first observed in the south and center of the study area in the 1990s (Nioro and Kaolack). In the 2000s, the increase was observed further north (Fatick and Gossas). The Standardized Precipitation Index shows reduced rainfall for 1971-2000 compared to the surrounding periods. Coefficient of variation values show that dispersion is lowest in the wetter years 1950 for two sites (Fatick and Kaolack), 1990 and 2000 for four sites (Gossas, Foundiougne, Guinguineo and Nioro). The highest coefficients of variation were detected in the drought years 1960, 1970 and 1980 for these four sites (Gossas, Foundiougne, Guinguineo and Nioro). This is not the case at the Fatick site, where the coefficients of variation for the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s are higher than those for 2000 and 2010. Coefficients of variation increase in the 2010s at five sites (Kaolack, Gossas, Foundiougne, Guinguineo and Nioro). The highest coefficients of variation were recorded in 2010 in Gossas, Guinguineo and Nioro. The decrease in average rainfall from the 1960s to the 1990s, and the increase in the 1990s and 2000s detected in most of the study sites, corroborates results of other studies from West and Central Africa.
Prevalence of Major Haemoparasites in Cattle at Department of Kounahiri, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Tiba Aristide , Soro Ouation Souleymane , Yéo Nawolo , Bi Zahouli Faustin Zouh , Monney Jacques Dahno , Karamoko Yahaya
Published: October 2023

Aims: This study was initiated to inventory the various haemoparasites and assess their prevalence in animals in this department.

Place and Duration of Study: This work took place from May 2020 to December 2022 in the department of Kounahiri.

Methodology: 400 randomly selected cattle were used for the samples. Using a lancet, the ear was pricked to draw blood while immobilizing the animal. A drop was then placed on a slide and another slide was beveled at an angle of around 30° and brought into contact with the drop of blood. The smear is then taken on clean, dry slides. The smears are fixed in 95% methanol and stained with Giemsa diluted 1:10 in distilled water, then observed under a light microscope.

Results: The results showed that three types of blood parasites were identified through microscopic observations. The respective infection rates were 87.25% for Anaplasma, 64% for Babesia, and 21.75% for Theileria. Among the observed species of blood parasites, Anaplasma marginale was the most widespread with a significant infection prevalence of 77.5% in cattle. Furthermore, within all age groups, this pathogen (Anaplasma marginale) had the highest infection rate. The respective prevalence rates were 73.58% in cattle aged between 01-12 months, 78.90% in those of 13-24 months, and 78.92% in cattle aged more than 25 months. No difference in infection rates was observed based on the age of the animals. Additionally, no difference was detected in the seasonal distribution of Anaplasma marginale. The infection prevalencies during the two seasons were 73% at the beginning of the rainy season and 82% at the beginning of the dry season.

Conclusion: It will be essential to promote training for livestock farmers in terms of livestock health management.
Cost-Effectiveness of Antiobesity Drugs for Adolescents With Severe Obesity
Authors: Mital Shweta , Nguyen Hai V.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Although the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended treatment with antiobesity drugs for adolescents, the cost-effectiveness of antiobesity drugs for this population is still unknown.

Objective

To quantify cost-effectiveness of different antiobesity drugs available for pediatric use.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This economic evaluation used a Markov microsimulation model with health states defined by obesity levels. Effectiveness was measured by quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs were calculated from third-party payer perspective, estimated in 2023 US dollars over a 10-year horizon. Data were obtained from the published literature.

Intervention

Antiobesity drugs orlistat, liraglutide, semaglutide, and phentermine-topiramate vs no treatment. Metformin hydrochloride and 2 types of bariatric surgical procedures (sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass) were considered in sensitivity analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

Results

Among the 4 antiobesity drugs currently approved for pediatric use, phentermine-topiramate was the most cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $93 620 per QALY relative to no treatment in this simulated cohort of 10 000 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (mode, 15 years) with severe obesity (62% female). While semaglutide offered more QALYs than phentermine-topiramate, its higher cost resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ($1 079 480/QALY) that exceeded the commonly used willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 to $150 000/QALY. Orlistat and liraglutide cost more and were less effective than phentermine-topiramate and semaglutide, respectively. Sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass were more effective than phentermine-topiramate but were also more costly, rendering them not cost-effective compared with phentermine-topiramate at the willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 to $150 000/QALY.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this economic evaluation of weight loss drugs for adolescents with severe obesity, we found phentermine-topiramate to be a cost-effective treatment at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 to $150 000/QALY. Further research is needed to determine long-term drug efficacy and how long adolescents continue treatment.
The Inflation Reduction Act and Community Oncology Practices
Authors: Mullangi Samyukta , Eagle David A.
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint explains how the Inflation Reduction Act negatively affects reimbursement and may undermine the solvency of community oncology practices and care.