bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of biological and chemical systems for protecting potatoes from harmful organisms in the central zone of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Nekoval Svetlana , Zakharchenko Anastasia , Sadovaya Anastasia , Churikova Arina , Fedoryanskaya Irina
Published: September 2021

The biological and chemical protection system’s influence on the soil mycological composition, potato plant biometric indicators, yield structural indicators, productivity, as well as the potato tuber quality has been studied. It was determined that after the biological protection system application, the genus Penicillium fungi number decreased by 4 times, the genus Aspergillus – more than 2 times, Trichoderma sp. content – 2.5 times. There was an increase in the stem number in the variant with biological protection by more than 2 times, compared with the control, and by 25%, compared with the chemical protection variant. The plant height in the two variants was 6.4-7.3 % higher than the control values. The potato tuber total number per bush in the biological protection variant increased by 40 %, and the tuber mass increased by 12.4-61.7% in comparison with other variants. The yield increase was 157.3 c/ha (50.4%) and 128.0 c/ha (39%) for the biological and chemical systems, respectively. The nitrate amount was within the normal range in all variants. The vitamin C highest content was noted in the variant with the biological protection application (9.3 mg/100 g of raw substance). The starch amount varied from 20.8% to 21.3% in all variants.
Hyalesthes obsoletus is an active vector of Wood blackening in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Haustov Evgeniy , Bondarciuc Victor
Published: September 2021

Hyalesthes obsoletus (Signoret) is an important vector of Wood Blackening in the Republic of Moldova. To identify the causes of the epidemiology of this disease in vineyards, the period of flight and the preference of the host plant H. obsoletus in the field were studied. Monitoring of vineyards showed that this species was found on the Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), and during the period of mass flight, the leafhopper was observed on Xanthium strumarium and Gorets bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus L.). The captured leafhoppers were diagnosed with the presence of Bois Noir stolbur phytoplasm (STOL). The adults of H. obsoletus were also caught from other herbaceous plants: Povoy fence (Calystegia sepium L.), Garden quinoa (Ariplex hortensis L.), Sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), Medicinal dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.), as well as c Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Changes in climatic conditions in the region, causing premature drying of the grass cover, forces cicadas - vectors to switch to actively growing plants during this period, including grapes, which contributes to the widespread of the disease.
The application of biomodified fertilizers as a way to increase the effective fertility of orchard soils
Authors: Sergeeva Natalya , Yaroshenko Olesya
Published: September 2021

The crucial trend in the intensification of gardening is the use of agrochemicals, including the systematic application of mineral fertilizers, regulated by the production flow chart of fruit products. Technological pressure on the soil causes aggravating the ecological problem of loss of the fertility level in the conditions of the orchard monoculture. The search for sustainable and environmentally effective approaches to solving the problem of managing fertility factors is aimed at studying the effects of biological and biomodified fertilizers. The changes in the main indicators of the effective fertility of the structural-metamorphic agrosem in the conditions of the orchard monoculture with the application of biomodified organo-mineral fertilizer were studied in dynamics. The prolonged effect of organo-mineral fertilizer on increasing the content of the main indicators of effective fertility in the soil was determined six years after application. The use of biomodified organo-mineral fertilizer in the orchard fertilization system is considered as an element of an integrated strategy for the management of orchard soil fertility.
Determination of the effectiveness of microbiological preparations and bioavailable nutrients while growing a vegetative apple rootstock
Authors: Prichko Tatiana , Mager Vladimir , Oplachko Roman
Published: September 2021

This article presents the results of a study of the effect of treatment of the root system of the M9 stock with the microbiological preparation Agrinos 1, which is a consortium of natural soil microorganisms - more than 80 strains from 10 families in combination with the preparation Agrinos 2, containing a complex of bioavailable nutrients (macro-, microelements, protein, amino acids, chitin, chitosan) in order to activate metabolic processes, reduce the impact of stress on the plant. The effect of biological products on the survival rate of the stock in the nursery, an increase in the yield and standardization of offshoots, and an improvement in their biometric parameters was established.
The study of the processes of influence of auxiliary agents on grape processing products
Authors: Chemisova Larisa , Sheludko Olga , Mitrofanova Ekaterina , Shirshova Anastasia , Redka Vitaly
Published: September 2021

The study of the processes of the influence of capping and packaging on the quality of finished products during storage is an important component of maintaining the stable quality of wines. It has been found that packaging has a significant impact on the evolution of wine during storage. It was found that the variation in the content of total sulfur dioxide and dissolved oxygen depending on the type of packing has an inverse relationship. The dissolved oxygen content was higher in wines bottled in glass bottles and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles compared to products in composite packaging. These results are metrics to consider when choosing the packaging depending on the intended distribution and marketing method. The closures are the source of a variety of microbiological and chemical substances in wine. The nomenclature depends on the kind and the type of used plugs. Natural cork, in most cases, enriches the wine with substances of microbiological origin, as well as their waste products. Synthetic closures introduce chemical components that are not inherent in the nature of wine, thereby disrupting the aroma and color of the product.
Research of the chemical composition peculiarities of food additives – vegetable lecithins for the development of methods for assessing their quality
Authors: Lisovaya Ekaterina , Viktorova Elena , Zhane Mariet , Vorobyova Olga , Velikanova Elena
Published: September 2021

Lecithins are widely used in the food industry as food additives. In this regard, the requirements for the lecithins quality are quite high, and the development of the rapid determination methods of their quality indicators, including the acid value, is an urgent task. The article presents research of the peculiarities of vegetable lecithins chemical composition for the development of a method for determining their acid value using the pulsed nuclear magnetic relaxation (NMR) method. It was found that the studied lecithins differ significantly in the content of individual phospholipid groups exhibiting acidic properties. As a result of the research of the fatty acid composition of the lecithins acetone-soluble fractions, it was found that the highest total content of monounsaturated fatty acids is a characteristic of sunflower oleic type lecithins (81.3 %) and rapeseed lecithins (66.3 %), and polyunsaturated fatty acids – sunflower linoleic type lecithins (63.6 %) and soybean lecithins (67.7 %). Researches of the NMR characteristics of lecithins with the introduction of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) have been carried out. It was found that the redistribution of component composition in the “lecithin-CCl4” system occurs at different ratios for each type of lecithin, which is due to their chemical composition peculiarities.
Changes in biologically active substances of stone fruits under the influence of low temperatures
Authors: Sobol Irina , Rodionova Ludmila , Donchenko Ludmila , Stepovoy Artem
Published: September 2021

Sufficient consumption of natural biologically active substances (BAS) – vitamins, dietary fiber, mineral compounds – reduces the risk of developing diseases associated with negative external factors. A large number of BAS are contained in the cherry plum fruits. Cherry plum is characterized by storage short term, during which quality changes are possible. Studies have been conducted on the low temperatures effect the change of BAS in cherry plum fruits. Studied objects were five cherry plum varieties grown in the Russian southern regions – Dinnaya, Zhemchuzhina, Obilnaya, Puteshestvennitsa, Neberdzhayskaya ranyaya. It was found that during storage, the physical and chemical parameters change slightly, the dry substances content decreases (within 1.3-3.2 %), sugars (5.5-7.0 %), the total acids content increases (2.8 3.3 %). The BAS content slight decrease during storage does not significantly affect the nutritional value of cherry plum fruits. The ascorbic acid reduction is 9.8-17.3 %, the anthocyanins content decreases on average from 16.9 to 19.7 %, the beta-carotene content decreases by 8.7-14.8 %, the reduction level of pectin substances is 15.75-22.2 %. Thus, the freezing method application allows to preserve valuable BAS in cherry plum fruits and use them in the future as a basis for the production of functional food products.
Perspectives of anaerobic decomposition of biomass for sustainable biogas production: A Review
Authors: Indran S. , Divya D. , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart , Merlin Christy P. , Gopinath L.R.
Published: September 2021

Biogas production from biomass is an eco-friendly approach that offers renewable energy generation, waste recycling, biofertilizer production along with maintaining environmental quality. Anaerobic decomposition is a familiar practice used for biogas production in worldwide, whereas only few substrates were convenient for attaining desired methane concentration in biogas. Hence, further advancements are necessary for the exploration and utilization of various complex organic materials for the purpose. This article gives a clear outlook on potential of various biomass for biogas production, necessity of pretreatment, applicability of microbial/enzyme addition, maintenance of various process parameters, formulation of suitable digester designs and future scope of this area. The livestock wastes and agricultural wastes possess high energy generation potential (71%) and sustainable utilization of such wastes are admirable to commercialize biogas production in future. Hence, selection of biomass through biochemical methane potential (BMP) analysis and biomass pretreatment prior to anaerobic decomposition is adequate to improve the quality and quantity of generated biogas. Addition of effective microorganisms or respective enzymes along with the employment of suitable bioreactors, are other perspectives to enhance decomposition. The single-stage and multi-stage systems possess much attention than other types of reactors since that offers accurate process management at four different stages of decomposition. Moreover, the maintenances of optimum pH, temperature, volatile fatty acids, carbon/nitrogen ratio, etc. are crucial to evade system unsteadiness during decomposition. Since comprehensive mathematical models are appropriate to make the anaerobic decomposition process economically feasible and advancement with these forecasts are adequate to commercialize this technology in the future.
Preservations, packaging materials and temperatures affected on quality changes of ready-to-eat bamboo shoot during storage
Authors: Charoen Ratchanee , Thiengnoi Plengsuree , Schoenlechner Regine , Wangtueai Sutee
Published: September 2021

The influences of preservatives types (sodium benzoate and citric acid), storage temperatures (-10, 4 and 25 degrees Celsius) and container types (low-density polyethylene; LDPE and laminate nylon) on quality changes (physical, microbiological and sensory) of ready-to-eat trimmed and sliced bamboo shoot (slice shape) during storage were investigated. The ready-to-eat bamboo shoot treated with citric acid had good color and microbial stabilities than the control (without the preservatives) and the treated with sodium benzoate at 4th week of storage period. However, the weight loss percentage of the sodium benzoate treatment was lower than the citric acid treatment and the control. At 4 degrees Celsius of storage temperature, the bamboo shoot had the lowest of weight loss percentage compared to other treatments, which the qualities of bamboo shoot at 14 days of storage in this temperature showed an acceptable of weight loss, color, microbial and sensory qualities and could be stored up to 21 days before spoilage. While the storage at 25 degrees Celsius, the bamboo shoot had a shelf life for 7 days. The storage of bamboo shoot in 60 micron LDPE bag was comparable to the laminate nylon bag in term of all quality aspects.
Viscosity improvement of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) from waste bottles by adding antioxidants and chain-extender
Authors: Siriorn Isarankura Na Ayutthaya , Munchumart Bunyarak , Natanicha Boondeacha , Nut Sangrawee , Nopparat Markmee , Suchart Haaian
Published: September 2021

This research work is focused on the viscosity improvement of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) from waste bottles by adding antioxidants and multi-functional reactive polymer (Joncry ADR 4468, chain extender). The achieve the objective of this work the investigated was broken into two parts. The first part studied the effect of rPET viscosity after adding various types of antioxidants and stabilizer such as Irgafos®168, Tinuvin® 770, Irganox®1010. The second part observed the effect of viscosity after it was blended with chain extender at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 pph. rPET was then dried in the oven at 120 oC for 12 hrs, to deplete the moisture. Then, the dried rPET (mixed with the chemicals above) was extruded into a compound using a twin screw extruder. The shear viscosity of the extruded compound was then measured using a rotational rheometer at 270 oC. The results revealed that the addition of chain extender increased the shear viscosity and the tensile strength at break of rPET. Therefore, the chain extender interacted with chains, which could change the structure to be the longer chains, branching or network structures. These structures are entangled and interrupt the movement of the molecular chains. It can be concluded that the viscosity of rPET can be improved by adding a chain extender at 0.6 pph, and the antioxidants of Irgafos®168, Tinuvin®770 and Irganox®1010 at 0.2, 0.1 and 0.5 pph, respectively.
Study of the 4He(4He,4He)4He* inelastic scattering at the MAGNEX facility
Authors: Soukeras V. , Cappuzzello F. , Cavallaro M. , Carbone D. , Hacisalihoglu A. , Fisichella M. , Agodi C. , Becker H.-W. , Brischetto G. A. , Calabrese S. , Ciampi C. , Cicerchia M. , Cinausero M. , Ciraldo I. , D΄ Andrea M. , Dell΄ Aquila D. , Firat S. , Frosin C. , Hilcker M. , La Fauci L. , Lombardo I. , Marchi T. , Sgouros O. , Spatafora A. , Torresi D. , Vigilante M. , Yildirim A.
Published: September 2021

The 4He(4He,4He)4He* inelastic scattering was revisited in a new coincidence measurement at the MAGNEX facility of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali del Sud. The 4He + 4He → 4He + 4He* → 4He + 3H + 1H and 4He + 4He → 4He + 4He* → 4He + 3He + n reactions were measured simultaneously by detecting the 4He particles at the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with the 3H and 3He at the OSCAR silicon telescope. The main concept of the experiment is described and the data reduction strategy is reported.
From nuclear astrophysics to fundamental nuclear physics: challenging experimental approaches at n_TOF (CERN)
Authors: Musumarra Agatino
Published: September 2021

The n_TOF installation at CERN is one of the leading neutron facilities worldwide undergoing a major update of the neutron spallation source. The update will provide improved n-TOF resolution in the experimental areas and the possibility to perform neutron cross section measurements at very high neutron flux (NEAR-Station). The renewed capabilities of the facility must be supported by smart and non-conventional experimental approaches. In this framework two examples will be reported. The first one concerns the measurement of a key reaction channel involved in Primordial Nucleosynthesis: the 7Be(n, α), by using a radioactive 7Be target. The second one provides a state-of-the-art scenario for the n-n scattering length measurement. This will be performed by neutron-deuteron (n-d) breakup three-body reaction. In this case, the envisaged experimental setup will provide a complete three-body kinematic reconstruction. By these important physics cases we are crossing the technological frontiers for charged particle and neutron detection.
Twin stars: probe of phase transition from hadronic to quark matter
Authors: Deloudis Themistoklis , Koliogiannis Polychronis , Moustakidis Charalampos
Published: September 2021

In agreement with the gravitational-wave events which are constantly increasing, new aspects of the internal structure of compact stars have come to light. A scenario in which a first order transition takes place inside these stars is of particular interest as it can lead, under conditions, to a third gravitationally stable branch (besides white dwarfs and neutron stars). This is known as the twin star scenario. The new branch yields stars with the same mass as normal compact stars but quite different radii. In the current work, we focus on hybrid stars undergone a hadron to quark phase transition near their core and how this new stable configuration arises. Emphasis is to be given especially in the aspects of the phase transition and its parametrization in two different ways, namely with Maxwell construction and with Gibbs construction. Qualitative findings of mass-radius relations of these stars will also be presented.
Estimation of neutron and γ-rays ﬂux at the MAGNEX facility via FLUKA simulations
Authors: Sgouros O. , Cappuzzello F. , Cavallaro M. , Pandola L.
Published: September 2021

Simulations for estimating the neutron and γ-rays radiation background in the forthcoming NUMEN experiments at the upgraded MAGNEX facility were performed with the simulation package FLUKA. Three main radiation sources were considered in our simulations namely, the beam-target interaction, the moderation of the beam particles inside the beam dump and a hypothetical 10W loss in the beam intensity during the beam transport. In the present contribution, the results of this preliminary analysis are presented and discussed.
A Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) study of nuclear near-ground-state properties
Authors: Depastas T. , Souliotis G.A. , Palli K. , Bonasera A. , Zheng H.
Published: September 2021

The Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) model is used to describe the properties of nuclear systems near the ground state. A procedure for global optimization of the initial conﬁgurations of the nuclei is developed. In addition, the neutron skins of various nuclear systems are calculated. Finally, the GDR and GMR spectra of medium-mass nuclear systems are studied. The effect of the model parameters to the spectra is explored. We conclude that an increased compressibility of K = 308 MeV results in increased GDR energy and decreased skin, while the total energy and the GMR energy remain almost unaltered.
Politiques de pêche et innovations adaptatives des pêcheries artisanales sénégalaises
Authors: Dème Moustapha , Thiao Djiga
Published: September 2021

Ces dernières décennies, les pêcheries artisanales sénégalaises ont été marquées par d’importantes innovations en réponse aux politiques de pêche et aux fluctuations de l’abondance des ressources. Cet article aborde l’adéquation des politiques avec les contraintes et les enjeux du secteur dans une perspective d’intégration des innovations dans la prise de décision. Il apparaît que les tentatives de modernisation en remplaçant les pirogues par des bateaux semi-industriels ont échoué. La capacité des pêcheurs à considérer de nouvelles innovations et stratégies a pu garantir plus de viabilité et de résilience à leurs activités. L’adaptabilité leur a permis de réagir à divers chocs exogènes d’ordre économique et à la variabilité de l’abondance et de la demande en poisson. Ces interactions adaptatives entre capital naturel et capital humain confortent la notion de « durabilité faible » dans le domaine de la pêche.
Antikoagulation bei chronisch nierenkranken Menschen mit Vorhofflimmern
Authors: Schirmer Stephan H. , Brandenburg Vincent
Published: September 2021

Bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern besteht ein erhöhtes Risiko für thromboembolische Komplikationen und insbesondere Schlaganfall. Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung haben gehäuft Vorhofflimmern und sowohl ein erhöhtes Blutungs- wie auch Schlaganfallrisiko. Für Patienten mit einer Kreatinin-Clearance von bis zu 25–30 ml/min sind Nicht-Vitamin-K-abhängige orale Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) evidenzbasiert zur Schlaganfallprävention den Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) vorzuziehen. Darunter bzw. bei Dialysepatienten liegen keine wissenschaftlichen Daten vor; hier muss das Konzept (keine Antikoagulation vs. NOAK vs. Vorhofohrverschluss vs. VKA) individuell entschieden werden, wobei die Gabe von VKA die schlechteste Lösung zu sein scheint.
Intradialytische Hypotonie
Authors: Nipshagen Sabine
Published: September 2021

Da die Artikel immer einige Monate Vorlauf haben, gibt es an dieser Stelle noch keinen Bericht über unsere gerade stattgefundene virtuelle Konferenz. Dieser folgt in einer späteren Ausgabe. In diesem Beitrag möchte ich Ihnen einen interessanten Artikel aus dem „Journal of Renal Care“ vorstellen.
Results from the German registry for refractory celiac disease
Authors: Weber Marko , Wolf Nina , Branchi Federica , Tangermann Paul , Itzlinger Alice , Poralla Lukas , Preiß Jan C. , Grunert Philip , Daum Severin , Siegmund Britta , Stallmach Andreas , Schumann Michael
Published: September 2021

Abtract

Refractory celiac disease (RCD) refers to a rare subgroup of patients with celiac disease who show clinical signs of malabsorption despite a gluten-free diet. RCD is divided into an autoimmune phenotype (RCD type I) and pre-lymphoma (RCD type II). To reflect the clinical reality in managing this disease in Germany, a national register was established based on a questionnaire developed specifically for this purpose. Between 2014 and 2020, a total of 53 patients were registered. The diagnosis of RCD was confirmed in 46 cases (87%). This included 27 patients (59%) with RCD type I and 19 patients (41%) with RCD type II. A wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic measures was used. Therapeutically, budesonide was used in 59% of the RCD patients regardless of the subtype. Nutritional therapy was used in only 5 patients (11%). Overall mortality was 26% (12 patients) with a clear dominance in patients with RCD type II (9 patients, 47%). In summary, RCD needs to become a focus of national guidelines to increase awareness, establish standards, and thus enable the treating physician to make the correct diagnosis in a timely manner. Moreover, we concluded that when treating such patients, contacting a specialized center is recommended to ensure sufficient management.
Akute Cholezystitis bei hohem OP-Risiko: sonografische und endoskopische Therapieoptionen
Authors: Götzberger Manuela , Nüssler Natascha , Braden Barbara , Dietrich Christoph F. , Müller Thomas
Published: September 2021

Die Cholezystektomie ist der Goldstandard in der Behandlung der akuten Cholezystitis, hat aber bei multimorbiden Patienten oder bei schwerem Verlauf der akuten Cholezystitis ein deutlich erhöhtes OP-Risiko. In solchen Fällen kann eine Drainage der entzündeten Gallenblase in Kombination mit antibiotischer Therapie der primären Operation überlegen sein. Die Drainage kann entweder als sonografisch geführte perkutan transhepatische Gallenblasendrainage, als EUS-geführte transmurale Stentplatzierung oder endoskopisch-transpapilläre Gallenblasendrainage erfolgen. Diese minimalinvasiven Alternativen zur Cholezystektomie können sowohl als Langzeittherapie bei dauerhaft inoperablen Patienten als auch vorübergehend bei Patienten eingesetzt werden, bei denen die Cholezystektomie nach Verbesserung des Allgemeinzustands angestrebt wird.

In dieser Übersicht werden die verschiedenen Drainagemethoden im Hinblick auf technische Anforderungen sowie klinische Sofort- und Langzeitergebnisse und Komplikationen diskutiert. Mit Fortschritten im Stentdesign entwickelt sich die EUS-geführte transmurale Stentplatzierung von Magen oder Duodenum in die Gallenblase zur bevorzugten Methode der Gallenblasendrainage in Zentren mit entsprechender Expertise.
Covid-19-Pandemie: Angsterleben von niedergelassenen und
Krankenhaus-Psychiatern
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Kostev Karel , Bartels Claudia , Wiltfang Jens , Broschmann Daniel , Lemke Matthias , Lempert Thomas , Michalowsky Bernhard , Riedel-Heller Steffi
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Bisher gibt es keine Studien, die das Pandemie bedingte
Belastungserleben von stationär im Vergleich zu ambulant tätigen
Psychiatern untersucht hat. Es soll deshalb das Ausmaß der
Covid-19-Exposition, die Angst, das Belastungserleben und die
Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten bei niedergelassenen Psychiatern im
Vergleich zu Ärzten in psychiatrischen und psychosomatischen Kliniken
untersucht werden.

Methode Zur Erfassung von Angst- und Belastungserleben wurden
E-Mail-gestützte Fragebögen mit 13 Items genutzt. Insgesamt
wurden 105 niedergelassene Psychiater, und 73 Ärzte und Psychologen aus
vier Klinikern (inkl. Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und
Psychotherapie) zwischen Anfang April bis Mitte Mai 2020 befragt.

Ergebnis In ihrem Belastungserleben fühlten sich niedergelassene
im Vergleich zu Krankenhauspsychiatern häufiger stark
eingeschränkt (52,4 vs. 32,9% p=0,010),
infektionsgefährdet (35,2 vs. 13,7%, p<0,001) und
finanziell bedroht (24,7 vs. 6,9%, p=0,002). Der Anteil gut
Informierter niedergelassener Psychiater war geringer (47,6 vs. 63,0%,
p=0,043) und der Anteil mit fehlender Schutzausrüstung
höher (27,6 vs. 4,1%, p<0,001). Bei gleichem COVID-19
Expositionsniveau (8,6 vs. 8,2%) berichteten niedergelassene Psychiater
im Vergleich zu Krankenhaus-Psychiatern häufiger, wenn auch nicht
signifikant, große Angst (18,1 vs. 9,6%, p=0,114).
Risikofaktoren für ein Angsterleben waren in beiden Gruppen das
Gefühl der Einschränkung (OR=5,52, p=0,025) und
die erlebte Infektionsgefahr (OR=5,74, p=0,005). Keinen Einfluss
hatten das Expositionsniveau, die Klinik- bzw. Praxiszugehörigkeit, das
Alter, das Geschlecht und andere Dimensionen des Bedrohungserlebens und des
Bewältigungsverhaltens.

Diskussion Niedergelassene Psychiater fühlten sich im Vergleich zu
den Kollegen im Krankenhaus durch die COVID-19 Pandemie mehr belastet und
bedroht. Das Erleben von Angst war abhängig vom Gefühl der
Einschränkung und der Expositionsgefahr, nicht jedoch von der
Exposition, der Ausstattung mit Schutzmitteln. Für die
Ausprägung der Angst scheinen weniger objektive Indikatoren als das
subjektive Erleben eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen.
Suicidal Ideation and Pesticide Exposure in Rural Communities of Central India
Authors: Behere Prakash B. , Nagdive Amit B. , Behere Aniruddh P. , Yadav Richa , Fernandes Rouchelle
Published: September 2021

Background This study aims to evaluate association between suicidal ideation and pesticide exposure in rural communities of Wardha district of Central rural India compared with villagers who are not exposed to it.

Method It was a cross-sectional study done in rural community of Wardha district in Central India. About 100 farmers who were exposed to pesticides and 100 controls who were not exposed to pesticides were included. A Semistructured proforma to record sociodemographic variables and Indian version of the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 was used.

Results Of these 200 subjects, data were available for 85 farmers in study group and 74 in control group. In the farmers group, 31% of farmers had suicidal ideas, while 8% of controls felt like ending their life.

Conclusion Measures must be taken to store pesticides at a safer place thus reducing long-term exposure. Organic farming is a better choice to avoid suicidal ideas.
The Large Focal Isolated Chondral Lesion
Authors: Chahla Jorge , Williams Brady T. , Yanke Adam B. , Farr Jack
Published: September 2021

Focal chondral defects (FCDs) of the knee can be a debilitating condition that can clinically translate into pain and dysfunction in young patients with high activity demands. Both the understanding of the etiology of FCDs and the surgical management of these chondral defects has exponentially grown in recent years. This is reflected by the number of surgical procedures performed for FCDs, which is now approximately 200,000 annually. This fact is also apparent in the wide variety of available surgical approaches to FCDs. Although simple arthroscopic debridement or microfracture are usually the first line of treatment for smaller lesions, chondral lesions that involve a larger area or depth require restorative procedures such as osteochondral allograft transplantation or other cell-based techniques. Given the prevalence of FCDs and the increased attention on treating these lesions, a comprehensive understanding of management from diagnosis to rehabilitation is imperative for the treating surgeon. This narrative review aims to describe current concepts in the treatment of large FCDs through providing an algorithmic approach to selecting interventions to address these lesions as well as the reported outcomes in the literature.
Zonal Fixation in Revision TKA: The Key Is Metaphyseal Fixation
Authors: Oh Jason H. , Scuderi Giles R.
Published: September 2021

As the volume of primary total knee arthroplasties continues to rise, so will the volume of revision arthroplasties. Bone loss is commonly encountered in revision surgery and must be managed appropriately to optimize outcomes. The concept of zonal fixation highlights the importance of attaining secure fixation within each of the three major osseous zones: the epiphysis, the metaphysis, and the diaphysis. While each zone is important, the metaphysis carries particular significance. The development of new implants such as metaphyseal cones and sleeves has greatly expanded the orthopedic surgeon's armamentarium to allow for solid metaphyseal fixation in virtually every case.
Surgical Treatment for Avulsion Fractures of the Anterolateral Ligament Associated with Periarticular Fractures of the Knee
Authors: Wei Xuelei , Wang Zengliang , Lu Yandong , Sun Jie , Riehl John
Published: September 2021

The existence and anatomy of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee are a somewhat controversial topic in orthopaedic surgery. The fixation of the avulsion fracture of the ALL (Segond fracture), associated with periarticular knee fractures, is rarely given much consideration while the major fracture fragments are reconstructed. This study aims to confirm the existence of ALL and evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgical management for avulsion fractures, involving its insertion, when associated with periarticular knee fractures. Twenty-three patients (16 males and 7 females) with avulsion fractures of the ALL associated with periarticular knee fractures were fixed with a spider plate, cannulated screw, or suture anchor. Eight patients were diagnosed with distal femoral fracture, 10 with tibial plateau fracture, and 5 with tibial eminence avulsion fracture. All patients underwent X-rays at follow-up. Clinical and functional outcomes were assessed with the pivot-shift test, objective and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity scale. The ALL was found and identified as a distinct ligamentous structure in all patients. Prior to Segond repair, patients had significantly more instability, as determined by pivot-shift test, than seen postoperatively (p < 0.0001). At final follow-up, the mean subjective IKDC score was 83.2 ± 10.3. Fourteen patients were graded A, 6 were graded B, and 3 was graded C on the IKDC objective score. The mean Lysholm score was 85.4 ± 12.2. The mean Tegner score was 7.5 ± 1.2. This study confirmed that the ALL is a distinct structure in the anterolateral portion of the knee. The fixation of the avulsion fracture of the ALL associated with periarticular knee fractures can be an effective procedure without specific complications. Long-term and comparative follow-up studies are necessary to confirm the effects.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Experience from October 2020 to January 2021 at a Tertiary Hospital in Navi Mumbai, India
Authors: Amonkar Priyanka S. , Kharche Suhas N. , Madave Amol A. , Gavhane Jeetendra B.
Published: September 2021

Although presentation of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children is typically with fever and symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, rash, conjunctival injection, or shock, the spectrum of associated multisystem involvement is wide. Here, we present an account of patients with MIS-C that presented at a tertiary hospital in Navi Mumbai, India in the latter half of the pandemic from October 2020 to January 2021. We retrospectively studied the clinical features of 12 patients satisfying World Health Organization criteria for MIS-C. Eleven (91.6%) required PICU admission. Median age was 7 years and two had comorbidity. At the time of presentation, eight (66.6%) had respiratory failure, four (33.3%) had shock, and one (8.3%) had renal failure. The most common system involved was respiratory (75%) followed by mucocutaneous manifestations (66.6%). Seven patients (58.3%) showed involvement of >4 systems. Atypical presentations included a 14-year-old male with COVID-19 like pulmonary involvement on computed tomography, and a 20-month-old male with gross hematuria, nephrotic range proteinuria, and rapidly progressive renal failure. Elevated N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide was seen in 75% patients and abnormal two-dimensional echo in 50%. All patients were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone at 30 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Death occurred in three (25%), all of whom had hypotensive shock at presentation. In the wake of an ongoing pandemic, any febrile child with nonspecific symptoms suggestive of multisystem involvement warrants suspicion of MIS-C and should be evaluated with the help of markers of systemic inflammation and organ involvement, after ruling out other obvious causes. We report good response to methylprednisolone in patients without hypotensive shock at presentation and its use as firstline drug may be considered in settings with financial constraints.
Augmented Reality for Retrosigmoid Craniotomy Planning
Authors: Leuze Christoph , Neves Caio A. , Gomez Alejandro M. , Navab Nassir , Blevins Nikolas , Vaisbuch Yona , McNab Jennifer A.
Published: September 2021

While medical imaging data have traditionally been viewed on two-dimensional (2D) displays, augmented reality (AR) allows physicians to project the medical imaging data on patient's bodies to locate important anatomy. We present a surgical AR application to plan the retrosigmoid craniotomy, a standard approach to access the posterior fossa and the internal auditory canal. As a simple and accurate alternative to surface landmarks and conventional surgical navigation systems, our AR application augments the surgeon's vision to guide the optimal location of cortical bone removal. In this work, two surgeons performed a retrosigmoid approach 14 times on eight cadaver heads. In each case, the surgeon manually aligned a computed tomography (CT)-derived virtual rendering of the sigmoid sinus on the real cadaveric heads using a see-through AR display, allowing the surgeon to plan and perform the craniotomy accordingly. Postprocedure CT scans were acquired to assess the accuracy of the retrosigmoid craniotomies with respect to their intended location relative to the dural sinuses. The two surgeons had a mean margin of davg = 0.6 ± 4.7 mm and davg = 3.7 ± 2.3 mm between the osteotomy border and the dural sinuses over all their cases, respectively, and only positive margins for 12 of the 14 cases. The intended surgical approach to the internal auditory canal was successfully achieved in all cases using the proposed method, and the relatively small and consistent margins suggest that our system has the potential to be a valuable tool to facilitate planning a variety of similar skull-base procedures.
Treatment and Prognosis of Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Skull Base
Authors: Perkins Sidney J. , Gao Rebecca , Glazer Tiffany A. , Zhao Cher X. , Basura Gregory , McKean Erin L.
Published: September 2021

Background Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the skull base is a rare, locally destructive lesion managed with a variety of treatments. We explore the impact of treatment on outcome and assess the prognosis of IPT.

Methods This is a retrospective review of IPT of the skull base at a tertiary academic medical center. The primary outcome was radiographic progression after treatment. Outcome versus tumor location was also examined and a prognostic model was developed using a logistic regression.

Results The demographics of 21 patients with IPT are reported. Treatment consisted of corticosteroids (in 80.1% of patients), disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs; 33.3%), surgical resection (28.6%), radiation (23.8%), antibiotics (14.3%), chemotherapy (rituximab; 9.5%), and antivirals (4.8%). At 50.7 months, 50.8% had radiographic progression. Local therapy trended toward having a better response than systemic therapy (p = 0.60). IPT of the orbit required 2.4 treatment modalities, compared with 2.0 for pharyngeal IPT, and 1.3 for posterior skull base masses (p = 0.14). A total of 75% orbital IPT underwent radiographic progression, compared with 71% of pharyngeal IPT and 50% of posterior skull base masses (p = 0.62). Sixteen patients were used to create the logistic model of radiographic progression. The Cox–Snell R
2 was 0.71 (p = 0.03). No individual variables were statistically significant.

Conclusion To our knowledge, this is among the largest sample of cases describing the presentation, treatment, and prognosis of IPT of the skull base. Our data suggest that there may be an improved response with local therapy over systemic therapy and better prognosis among posterolateral skull base masses.
Pain Sensation: Infrequent Case of Root Resorption of the Lower Second Molar Root with Bone Regeneration after Impacted Third Molar Removal
Authors: Pandey Chandrashekhar , Bhattarai Bishwa Prakash , Khanijou Manop , Songkla Pimolmas Na , Wongsirichat Natthamet , Suphangul Suphachai
Published: September 2021

There have been infrequent case reports of bilateral root resorption in the lower second molar secondary from impacted third molar removal with bone regeneration without pain. Root resorption is commonly observed during third molar surgical impaction that affects mandibular second molars. The bone regeneration into the adjacent affected tooth is evident simply after the surgical extraction of the impacted tooth. However, there have been a few previous reports on the prognosis of the remaining resorbed tooth. Most dentists often choose to extract them when damaged if root resorption is observed. This report case involved bilateral root resorption of the lower second molar due to lower adjacent impacted third molar teeth and bone regeneration without pain sensation. After surgical extraction of bilateral lower impacted third molar teeth, the remaining teeth retained vital pulp and survived as functional teeth.
On the “Matsubara heating” of overtone intensities and Fermi splittings
Authors: Benson Raz L. , Althorpe Stuart C.
Published: September 2021

Classical molecular dynamics (MD) and imaginary-time path-integral dynamics methods underestimate the infrared absorption intensities of overtone and combination bands by typically an order of magnitude. Plé et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 155, 104108 (2021)] have shown that this is because such methods fail to describe the coupling of the centroid to the Matsubara dynamics of the fluctuation modes; classical first-order perturbation theory (PT) applied to the Matsubara dynamics is sufficient to recover most of the lost intensity in simple models and gives identical results to quantum (Rayleigh–Schrödinger) PT. Here, we show numerically that the results of this analysis can be used as post-processing correction factors, which can be applied to realistic (classical MD or path-integral dynamics) simulations of infrared spectra. We find that the correction factors recover most of the lost intensity in the overtone and combination bands of gas-phase water and ammonia and much of it for liquid water. We then re-derive and confirm the earlier PT analysis by applying canonical PT to Matsubara dynamics, which has the advantage of avoiding secular terms and gives a simple picture of the perturbed Matsubara dynamics in terms of action-angle variables. Collectively, these variables “Matsubara heat” the amplitudes of the overtone and combination vibrations of the centroid to what they would be in a classical system with the oscillators (of frequency Ωi) held at their quantum effective temperatures [of ℏΩi coth(βℏΩi/2)/2kB]. Numerical calculations show that a similar neglect of “Matsubara heating” causes path-integral methods to underestimate Fermi resonance splittings.
Non-reciprocal magnetoresistance, directional inhomogeneity and mixed symmetry Hall devices
Authors: Kopnov G. , Gerber A.
Published: September 2021

Phenomenology similar to the non-reciprocal charge transport violating Onsager's reciprocity relations can develop in directionally inhomogeneous conducting films with non-uniform Hall coefficient along the current trajectory. The effect is demonstrated in ferromagnetic CoPd films and analyzed in comparison with the unidirectional magnetoresistance phenomena. We suggest to use an engineered inhomogeneity for spintronics applications and present the concept of mixed symmetry Hall devices in which transverse to current Hall signal is measured in a longitudinal contacts arrangement. Magnetization reversal and memory detection are demonstrated in the three-terminal and the partitioned normal metal–ferromagnet (NM-FM) device designs. Multi-bit memory is realized in the partitioned FM-NM-FM structure. The relative amplitude of the antisymmetric signal in the engineered ferromagnetic devices is few percent, which is 10–103 times higher than in their unidirectional magnetoresistance analogues.
Corrigendum to: Systematic review of defense responses against Phytophthora and strategies to manage Phytophthora diseases in citrus
Authors: da Silva Adielle R. , Pinto Kaliane N. S. , Maserti Bianca E. , Santos-Filho Hermes P. , Gesteira Abelmon da S.
Published: September 2021

Phytophthora spp. are the causal agents of gummosis or foot rot, fibrous root rot, and fruit brown rot diseases that affect the roots, trunk, and fruits of citrus trees, causing severe economic losses. This work presents an updated systematic review addressing the defence responses in citrus against Phytophthora and the strategies to manage Phytophthora diseases. Applying a new method of search based on an explicit, rigorous, and transparent methodology. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted using the databases available for academic research. The main plant defence mechanisms reported in the cited papers are the hypersensitivity response, cell wall reinforcement, production of pathogenesis-related proteins, and expression of defence-related genes. Moreover, the main strategies to manage Phytophthora root rot are organic compounds in the soil and biological control with fungi and bacteria. In addition, inhibition of Phytophthora gummosis or canker by applying new oomycota fungicides and reducing the incidence of brown fruit rot through the application of potassium phosphite have also been reported. Moreover, modern plant biotechnology techniques can help to accelerate the selection of resistant rootstocks in breeding programs, as controlled crossings for the generation of hybrids, somatic hybridisation, transgenic citrus plants, mapped genomic regions of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), candidate genes, metabolic markers and comparative transcriptomic. These innovative techniques represent a suitable tool to breed new Phytophthora resistant rootstocks, which is widely recognised as the best strategy to face gummosis or foot rot, fibrous root rot and ultimately minimise the expensive use of pesticides in crop protection.
Breeding dynamics of overabundant koala (
Authors: Watters Freyja , Ramsey David , Molsher Robyn , Cassey Phillip
Published: September 2021

Abstract Context The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) sometimes occurs as an overabundant folivore in south-eastern Australia, where high-density populations have caused defoliation of preferred food trees, threatening habitat. Kangaroo Island, South Australia and Budj Bim National Park, Victoria, are two regions where such eruptive population dynamics have arisen. One way of mitigating their damage is through management via fertility control. Aims This paper examines the outcomes of fertility control (surgical sterilisation and treatment with levonorgestrel implants) on breeding dynamics at the population level, using data obtained from two separate koala management programs conducted by State Government wildlife agencies, South Australia Department for Environment and Water and Parks Victoria. Methods The relationships between female body condition, reproductive status, fertility control, age and population density were examined using linear mixed effects models. Population density (koalas/ha) was estimated using annual census data and modelled in a Bayesian framework. Key results Body condition was a key influence on breeding success in female koalas, with sexual maturity being defined by both age and body condition, whereas the effect of reproductive experience was minimal. It is likely that reduced densities have led to decreased intraspecific competition for food resources and territory, leading to increased breeding success at one management site (BBNP) and by allowing females to begin breeding at a lower overall body condition. The reduction in densities to sustainable levels at both management sites, despite differing fertility-control methods, supports the use of the less invasive and more cost-effective levonorgestrel implants as the preferred fertility-control method. Conclusions In addition to contraceptive effects, broad-scale fertility control may have resulted in a compensatory higher breeding success in the untreated population, possibly in response to decreasing densities, increased resource availability or behavioural responses to population management. Implications Although compensatory breeding mechanisms can reduce the effectiveness of fertility control at the population level, ongoing fertility-control management can still be successful at reducing overabundant koala populations to sustainable levels with significant long-term commitment, provided that annual control targets are continuously met.
Qābeli nadāre (It is not worthy of you)
Authors: Yaqubi Mojde , Abdul Rahman Wan Rose Eliza
Published: September 2021

This article reports on a study of English subtitles of Persian Ostensible Offer of Money (POOM). The first stage of
this study involved identifying instances of POOM in Iranian films on the basis of their locutions (forms) and culture-specific
contextual features and underlying concepts. At this stage we highlighted the potential problems that may be encountered when
relaying the meaning of POOMs in English, and described the translation strategies used by the subtitlers. In order to corroborate
our findings, we also conducted a survey of the perceptions of non-Iranian viewers. On the basis of our analysis, we conclude
that, owing to subtitling restrictions such as space and time, subtitlers can rely on information provided in the preceding and
following scenes of instances of POOM as well as dialogues, audiences’ familiarity with Persian culture, and similarities with
other cultures in order to avoid mistranslations or misunderstandings.