bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxycodone-induced neurotoxicity secondary, to concurrent voriconazole use in a patient with cancer
Authors: Alghothani, MD Lana , Gustin, MD Jillian
Published: July 2017

Chronic pain is common in patients with underlying malignancy with prevalence of up to 70 percent in those with advanced disease. Opioids are often used for those with both active disease and chronic cancer-related pain. In high-risk patients with hematologic malignancies and pneumonia, the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends empiric antifungal therapy, often with voriconazole or another similar azole agent. Thus, patients with cancer are commonly on medications, such as antifungals, that have the potential to interact with opioids, causing adverse effects. Our case demonstrates severe neurotoxicity due to the concurrent use of voriconazole and oxycodone.
Assessing the impact of the extended-release/long-acting opioid analgesics risk evaluation and mitigation strategies on opioid prescription volume
Authors: Divino, BA Victoria , Cepeda, MD, PhD M. Soledad , Coplan, ScD, MBA, MPH Paul , Maziere, MD, PhD Jean-Yves , Yuan, PhD Yingli , Wade, RPh, MS Rolin L.
Published: July 2017

Objective: The Food and Drug Administration approved the extended-release/long-acting (ER/LA) opioid analgesics risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) in July 2012 to educate healthcare providers and patients about safe and appropriate opioid analgesic use. The authors evaluated the impact of the REMS on ER/LA opioid analgesic utilization, overall and stratified by patient characteristics and prescriber type associated with greater expected need for analgesia. Design: Retrospective repeated cross-sectional study. QuintilesIMS's National Prescription Audit™ and LifeLink™ patient-level longitudinal prescription databases measured prescription volumes, projected to national estimates.Main Outcome Measures: Changes were assessed in ER/LA opioid analgesic prescriptions dispensed from the 2-year pre-REMS implementation (July 2010 to June 2012) to the 18-month post-REMS implementation (July 2013 to December 2014) periods (with 12-month transitional implementation period in between).Results: Average quarterly ER/LA opioid prescription volume significantly decreased by 4.3 percent from Preimplementation to the Active Period (5.58 vs 5.34 million, p < 0.001). Differences in prescription volume change were observed between age, gender, and payer types. Prescription volume either significantly decreased or remained stable from Preimplementation to the Active Period among most provider specialties evaluated. The largest volume decreases were observed for dentists (–48.5 percent) and emergency medicine specialists (–25.5 percent) (both p < 0.001). The largest increases were observed for nurse practitioners (+33.7 percent) and physician assistants (+31.2 percent; both p < 0.001), whose overall prescribing of nonopioid medications also increased. Conclusions: A significant decrease in dispensed ER/LA opioid prescriptions was observed following REMS implementation compared to Preimplementation. The impact on volume varied by patient characteristics and prescriber specialty. The REMS program, in conjunction with other healthcare policies and initiatives, likely influenced these observations.
Milk fatty acid composition as an indicator of energy status in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Vranković Lana , Aladrović Jasna , Octenjak Daria , Bijelić Dušanka , Cvetnić Luka , Stojević Zvonko
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Transition dairy cows often enter a stage of negative energy balance during which the utilization of energy reserves is reflected in the milk fatty acid (FA) composition. In this study, metabolic status was evaluated by measuring milk FA, ruminal short-chain FA (RSCFA), and serum biochemical parameters in Holstein cows. Samples (milk, rumen contents, and blood) were collected around days 30 (early) and 150 (middle) of lactation, and rumen contents and blood samples were collected 30 days before calving (dry). Fatty acids were extracted and FA composition was determined. Glucose, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were determined in serum samples. Lower percentages of saturated FA in milk and higher percentages of monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA, and C18:1n-9 were observed in early lactation compared to mid-lactation. In rumen higher concentrations of propionic acid were determined at mid-lactation compared to early lactation. Acetic and butyric acid concentrations showed no significant differences between sampling intervals. In serum higher glucose concentrations were observed during the dry period and mid-lactation than during early lactation. Lower BHB and higher NEFA concentrations were noted during early lactation compared to mid-lactation and the dry period. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triacylglycerols showed no significant differences between sampling intervals. The results of the present study suggest that determination of milk FA is a potential indicator of energy status in dairy cows.
Quantifying black carbon light absorption enhancement by a novel statistical approach
Authors: Wu Cheng , Wu Dui , Yu Jian Zhen
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) particles in the atmosphere can absorb more light when coated by non-absorbing or weakly absorbing materials during atmospheric aging, due to the lensing effect. In this study, the light absorption enhancement factor, Eabs, was quantified using one year's measurement of mass absorption efficiency (MAE) in the Pearl River Delta region (PRD). A new approach for calculating primary MAE (MAEp), the key for Eabs estimation, is demonstrated using the Minimum R Squared (MRS) method, exploring the inherent source independency between BC and its coating materials. The annual average Eabs is found to be 1.52, exhibiting a clear seasonal pattern with higher values in summer and lower in the winter. Elevated Eabs in the rainy summer season is likely associated with aged air masses dominating from marine origin, along with long-range transport of biomass burning influenced air masses from Southeast Asia. Eabs induced by hygroscopic growth at elevated RH could be as high as 1.3. Core-shell Mie simulations along with measured Eabs and Angstrom absorption exponent (AAE) constraints suggest that in the PRD, the coating materials are unlikely to be dominated by brown carbon and the coating thickness is higher in the rainy season than the dry season. A negative correlation is found between AAE470–660 and RH, suggesting a dominant particle size of Dcore = 130 nm and Dshell/Dcore range of 2 to 4.
Effects of damaging hydrogeological events on people throughout 15 years in a Mediterranean region
Authors: Aceto Luigi , Pasqua A. Aurora , Petrucci Olga
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE) are defined as rainy periods during which landslides and floods can damage people. The paper investigated the effects of DHE on people living in Calabria (southern Italy) in the period 2000–2014, using data coming from the systematic survey of regional newspapers. Data about fatalities, people injured and people involved (not killed neither hurt) were stored in the database named PEOPLE, made of three sections: (1) event identification, (2) victim-event interaction, (3) effects on people. The outcomes highlighted vulnerability factors related to gender and age: males were killed more frequently (75 %) than females (25 %), and fatalities were older (average age 49 years) than injured (40.1 years) and involved people (40.5 years). The average ages of females killed (67.5 years), injured (43.4 years) and involved (44.6 years) were higher than the same values assessed for males, maybe indicating that younger females tended to be more cautious than same-age males, while older females showed an intrinsic greater vulnerability. Involved people were younger than injured people and fatalities, perhaps because younger people show greater promptness to react in dangerous situations. In the study region, floods caused more fatalities (67.9 %), injured (55 %) and involved people (55.3 %) than landslides. Fatalities and injuries mainly occurred outdoor, especially along roads, and the most dangerous dynamic was to be dragged by flood, causing the majority of fatalities (71.4 %). These outcomes can be used to strengthen the strategies aimed at saving people, and to customise warning campaigns according to the local risk features and people's behaviour. The results can improve the understanding of the potential impacts of geo-hydrological hazards on the population and can increase risk awareness among both administrators and citizens.
Relationship between climate, environment, and anthropogenic activities in coastal North China recorded by speleothem δ18O and δ13C ratios in the last 1 ka
Authors: Wang Qing , Cheng Ke , Zheng Zhihui , Chi Hong , Wang Hongyan
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Abstract: Stalagmite KY-1 was collected from Kaiyuan Cave, which is in the warm temperate zone and East Asia monsoon area in Shandong Peninsula, coastal Northern China. Based on the results of U-230Th-dating, continuous counting of laminae, and linear interpolation/extrapolation, we determined that the stalagmite grew over the last 1 ka between AD 892 and AD 1894. This period includes the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), Little Ice Age (LIA), and an early stage of the Current Warm Period (CWP), and corresponds to a time between the late Tang Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty of ancient China. We collected 583 samples along the growth axis of stalagmite KY1, and selected 303 samples for δ18O and δ13C ratio measurements according to the Interval test principle to acquire a series of time data. The variation of the δ18O ratios suggest that a climatic mutation occurred in Shandong Peninsula around AD 1482, corresponding to the MWP/LIA transition period. The variation of these ratios is generally controlled by the variation of solar radiation. However, the variability of the δ18O ratios was less than the contemporaneous changes in solar activity in late MWP and late LIA, and more than the contemporaneous changes in solar activity between LIA; the MWP/LIA transition time lagged the contemporaneous solar activity by 30–50 yr. The δ13C ratios showed overall synchronization with the δ18O ratios: both were consistent with the MWP and LIA periods, and both showed the same mutation. However, the curve of the δ13C ratios was smoother than that of the δ18O ratios, and the variations of both were not synchronized in the late LIA. The transitions between the major dynasties in the past 1000 years of Chinese history, and the late period of Qing Dynasty coincide with the transition periods of the summer monsoon. Furthermore, the impacts of the fluctuation of the sub-climate change trend on the historical evolution of human society in MWP and LIA were more prominent than those of the violent climate transition between MWP and LIA. On the other hand, the degree of land use continually increased in the study area, which, together with the climatic change, affected the vegetation-soil-groundwater environment system in the mountainous land above the cave. The degree of impact of human land use on the mountainous vegetation, soil characteristics, and their change trends did not exceed the extent of that of climate change from AD 892–1318, but reached or exceeded small climate changes from AD 1318–1497, and reached or exceeded the sharp climate change that occurred between AD 1483–1779. The degree of impact of human land use and the environment stabilized between AD 1779–1894, and the impacts of climate change on the environment were relatively prominent.
Using kinetic energy measurements from altimetry to detect shifts in the
positions of fronts in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Chambers Don P.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. A novel analysis is performed utilizing cross-track kinetic energy (CKE) computed from sea surface height anomalies derived from along-track satellite altimetry. The mid-point of enhanced kinetic energy averaged over three-year periods from 1993 to 2015 is determined across the Southern Ocean and examined to detect shifts in frontal positions, based on previous observations that kinetic energy is largest along fronts and jets in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current system. It is demonstrated that although the CKE does not represent the full eddy kinetic energy (computed from crossovers), the shape of the enhanced regions along groundtracks is the same, and CKE has a much finer spatial sampling of 6.9 km. Results indicate no significant shift in the front positions across the Southern Ocean, on average, although there are some localized, large movements. This is consistent with other studies utilizing sea surface temperature gradients and the latitude of mean transport, but inconsistent with studies utilizing the movement of contours of dynamic topography.
Democracia e legitimidade nos modelos atuais de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade.
Authors: Lawand Jr. Antonio Elian
Published: July 2017

A meta deste trabalho é identificar alguns impactos, no universo jurídico e político, das decisões de controle de constitucionalidade concentrado. Para tanto, laboramos com a concepção de Direito em Dworkin e o papel político de construção da norma pelo Juiz. A partir de então, observamos o teor deste impacto à luz da legitimidade das decisões de poder em processo democrático e os instrumentos que a Corte Constitucional Brasileira dispõe para aproximar suas decisões à moral sócio-política da sociedade para o qual presta serviço e obediência. As conclusões cingem-se à verificação de determinados riscos para a Democracia Brasileira decorrente de uma inadequada distorção dos poderes Constituintes Reformadores.
POLÍTICA URBANA E O DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À MORADIA
Authors: Jansen Rodrigo Diego
Published: July 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o direito fundamental à moradia no Brasil garantido constitucionalmente e que reflete os anseios da Sociedade pela efetivação de tão relevante direito, além de demonstrar a ideologia adotada pelo modelo constitucional no período da redemocratização do país. O direito à moradia responde a uma necessidade primária do homem, condição indispensável para uma vida digna, eis que a casa é o asilo inviolável do cidadão, a base de sua individualidade. Além disto, o direito à moradia é considerado um direito fundamental, não só porque está assegurado constitucionalmente, mas também porque responde a uma necessidade fundamental do Homem.
DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DA JURISDIÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DE PIERRE BOURDIEU
Authors: Tavares Neto José Querino , Barbosa Cláudia Maria
Published: July 2017

O exercício da jurisdição constitucional para a defesado Estado Democrático de Direito é questão quetranscende a clássica separação de poderes, alcançamúltiplas perspectivas na visão de poder e encontra emPierre Bourdieu um referencial privilegiado paraanálise. A jurisdição constitucional brasileira,especialmente aquela exercida pelo Supremo TribunalFederal, justifica-se na defesa da Constituição erealização do Estado Democrático de Direito. Apersonificação/institucionalização do poder quecaracteriza o Estado como um todo e é especialmenteverificada no processo de escolha e nomeação deMinistros do Supremo Tribunal Federal ameaça,contudo, a legitimidade do judicial review e,paradoxalmente, fere o Estado Democrático que é suamissão defender. Existe solução? Bourdieucondicionaria tal possibilidade à alteração do habitusantidemocrático do Supremo Tribunal Federal, queperpetua e legitima a violência simbólica. Ascondições para que essa alteração possa se dar nocampo necessariamente passa pela democratização doprocesso de escolha e de tomada de decisão, o queexige efetiva participação da sociedade e mecanismosde controle eficazes.
Determinants of Urban Sprawl: A Panel Data Approach
Authors: DeSalvo Joseph S. , Su Qing
Published: July 2017

This paper applies fixed effects (within-groups) and between-groups estimations to panel data to test hypotheses of the monocentric urban model with urbanized area data for the period 1990–2010. The paper examines the impact of population, household income, transportation cost, and land rent at the urban fringe on urbanized area spatial size. The fixed effects regression finds that a 1- percent increase in population and a 1- percent decrease in travel cost causes an urbanized area to expand by 1.087 percent and 0.127 percent, respectively. The impact of household income is non-linear. The regression results from the between-groups estimation indicate that geographic and political factors help explain the spatial size differences across urbanized areas. The spatial size of an urbanized area is larger with a higher percentage of the urban fringe overlying aquifers, a higher percentage of local revenues from intergovernmental transfers, a higher percentage of urban fringe incorporated in 1980, and a lower elevation range in the urban fringe.
Samuel R. Delany, Lou Reed, and Utopia's Queer End
Authors: Haslam Jason
Published: July 2017

Reading Delany's sword-and-sorcery Nevèrÿon cycle—with a particular focus on the tales collected in Flight from Nevèrÿon, including the AIDS novella The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals (1984)— alongside Lou Reed's songs, this article argues that Delany's fantastic, endlessly queer aesthetic “spaces” offer a complex definition of the queer utopia, one that invokes and demands the future José Esteban Muñoz desires, even as it insists that such a future can only be called into being against the backdrop of the celebration of negation lauded by Lee Edelman. This article aims to reinsert the “abstract” paraliterary utopia into Muñoz's materialist argument, even as it questions the division in queer theory between Muñoz's hopeful desire and Edelman's death-driven polemic. In The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals, the endless play of pleasure and death leads ultimately to a sundering of the division between fantasy and material reality, with the division between Nevèrÿon and the streets of New York (in the opening days of the AIDS pandemic) finally collapsing in the narrative's conclusion, opening into new, queer quantum presents.
Le grand voyage de la tortue qui désirait voler. Motifs oraux, échanges culturels et histoires transfrontalières dans la traite des fourrures
Authors: Podruchny Carolyn
Published: July 2017

Dans cet article, l’auteure avance que des récits peuvent voyager sur de très grandes distances au cours de longues périodes de temps, et servir de véhicules pour la transmission de messages entre cultures. Elle retrace en particulier l’histoire sacrée anishinaabe (aansookaan) du héros culturel Nene-bush voyageant dans les airs en se tenant au bâton que tiennent dans leur bec deux oies, et découvre qu’elle origine de l’Asie du Sud. Apparaissant dans les Jātakas bouddhistes et le Pañchatantra sanscrit (environ 300 avant notre ère jusqu’à 500 de notre ère) dans un récit mettant en scène une tortue qui ne pouvait s’arrêter de parler, cette histoire se propagea à travers le monde. De la Perse médiévale à la France de l’époque moderne dans le cercle de Jean de La Fontaine, elle atteint l’Amérique du Nord pour se retrouver dans la région des Grands-Lacs au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, soit par l’entremise des marchands de fourrures ou celle des missionnaires, avant d’être partagée avec les Anishinaabegs.
Groundwater recharge through wells in open loop geothermal system: problems and solutions - part 1
Authors: Beretta Giovanni Pietro
Published: July 2017

In the two parts of this article, the problems related to the management of water wells as part of a low-enthalpy geothermal power plant by means of heat pumps (open loop system) are described. In many cases, in absence of discharge in surface water and/or to ensure the conservation of the resource from a quantitative point of view, a doublet system constituted by a pumping and a recharge well is provided. The clogging phenomenon often occurs in this kind of plant, affecting wells with different functions and different thermal potential related to water withdrawal and reinjection into the ground. This phenomenon is due to the presence of air bubbles, suspended solids, bacterial growth and to the chemical-physical reactions that are described in the text. Besides acknowledging the activities for recharge wells management to avoid the fracturing of the drain and the cementation, is also suggested the procedure of in situ tests that are used to properly determine the optimal well discharge, which determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the geothermal system and its economic performance.It is finally shown a regional regulation on the water quality used in an open loop.
Bmal1 function in skeletal muscle regulates sleep
Authors: Ehlen J Christopher , Brager Allison J , Baggs Julie , Pinckney Lennisha , Gray Cloe L , DeBruyne Jason P , Esser Karyn A , Takahashi Joseph S , Paul Ketema N
Published: July 2017

Sleep loss can severely impair the ability to perform, yet the ability to recover from sleep loss is not well understood. Sleep regulatory processes are assumed to lie exclusively within the brain mainly due to the strong behavioral manifestations of sleep. Whole-body knockout of the circadian clock gene Bmal1 in mice affects several aspects of sleep, however, the cells/tissues responsible are unknown. We found that restoring Bmal1 expression in the brains of Bmal1-knockout mice did not rescue Bmal1-dependent sleep phenotypes. Surprisingly, most sleep-amount, but not sleep-timing, phenotypes could be reproduced or rescued by knocking out or restoring BMAL1 exclusively in skeletal muscle, respectively. We also found that overexpression of skeletal-muscle Bmal1 reduced the recovery response to sleep loss. Together, these findings demonstrate that Bmal1 expression in skeletal muscle is both necessary and sufficient to regulate total sleep amount and reveal that critical components of normal sleep regulation occur in muscle.
Herbicide injury induces DNA methylome alterations in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kim Gunjune , Clarke Christopher R. , Larose Hailey , Tran Hong T. , Haak David C. , Zhang Liqing , Askew Shawn , Barney Jacob , Westwood James H.
Published: July 2017

The emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds is a major threat facing modern agriculture. Over 470 weedy-plant populations have developed resistance to herbicides. Traditional evolutionary mechanisms are not always sufficient to explain the rapidity with which certain weed populations adapt in response to herbicide exposure. Stress-induced epigenetic changes, such as alterations in DNA methylation, are potential additional adaptive mechanisms for herbicide resistance. We performed methylC sequencing of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves that developed after either mock treatment or two different sub-lethal doses of the herbicide glyphosate, the most-used herbicide in the history of agriculture. The herbicide injury resulted in 9,205 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) across the genome. In total, 5,914 of these DMRs were induced in a dose-dependent manner, wherein the methylation levels were positively correlated to the severity of the herbicide injury, suggesting that plants can modulate the magnitude of methylation changes based on the severity of the stress. Of the 3,680 genes associated with glyphosate-induced DMRs, only 7% were also implicated in methylation changes following biotic or salinity stress. These results demonstrate that plants respond to herbicide stress through changes in methylation patterns that are, in general, dose-sensitive and, at least partially, stress-specific.
Identifying genes and regulatory pathways associated with the scleractinian coral calcification process
Authors: Gutner-Hoch Eldad , Waldman Ben-Asher Hiba , Yam Ruth , Shemesh Aldo , Levy Oren
Published: July 2017

Reef building corals precipitate calcium carbonate as an exo-skeleton and provide substratum for prosperous marine life. Biomineralization of the coral’s skeleton is a developmental process that occurs concurrently with other proliferation processes that control the animal extension and growth. The development of the animal body is regulated by large gene regulatory networks, which control the expression of gene sets that progressively generate developmental patterns in the animal body. In this study we have explored the gene expression profile and signaling pathways followed by the calcification process of a basal metazoan, the Red Sea scleractinian (stony) coral,Stylophora pistillata. When treated by seawater with high calcium concentrations (addition of 100 gm/L, added as CaCl2.2H2O), the coral increases its calcification rates and associated genes were up-regulated as a result, which were then identified. Gene expression was compared between corals treated with elevated and normal calcium concentrations. Calcification rate measurements and gene expression analysis by microarray RNA transcriptional profiling at two time-points (midday and night-time) revealed several genes common within mammalian gene regulatory networks. This study indicates that core genes of the Wnt and TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways may also play roles in development, growth, and biomineralization in early-diverging organisms such as corals.
A positive readout single transcript reporter for site-specific mRNA cleavage
Authors: Kandul Nikolay , Guo Ming , Hay Bruce A.
Published: July 2017

Cleavage of mRNA molecules causes their rapid degradation, thereby playing an important role in regulation of gene expression and host genome defense from viruses and transposons in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Current negative-readout, and repressor-based positive-readout reporters of mRNA degradation have limitations. Here we report the development of a single transcript that acts as a positive reporter of mRNA cleavage. We show that placement of bacterial CopT and CopA hairpins into the 5′ UTR and 3′ UTR of an mRNA results in inhibition of translation of the intervening coding sequence inDrosophila. An internal poly(A) tract inserted downstream of the coding sequence stabilizes transcripts cut within the 3′ UTR. When these components are combined in a transcript in which targets sites for RNA cleavage are placed between the poly(A) tract and CopA, cleavage results in translational activation, providing a single transcript-based method of sensing mRNA cleavage with a positive readout.
Laparoscopically Resected Solitary Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to the Round Ligament
Authors: Yao SiYuan , Ikeda Atsushi , Murakami Teppei , Okumoto Tatsuo , Tanaka Eiji , Katsuyama Eiji , Harada Takehisa
Published: July 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to metastasize to the lung, lymph node, and musculoskeletal regions; however, to our knowledge, metastasis to the round ligament of the liver has never been reported. In addition, because the conventional approach for surgical resection of intra-abdominal metastasis is open surgery, the laparoscopic approach has been rarely performed. This report presents the case of a 72-year-old Asian man who developed a tumor in the round ligament, a rare site for distant metastases, 2 years after complete resection of an HCC. As the tumor was solitary and noninvasive, laparoscopic resection was planned and safely performed. He has now been free of recurrence for more than 3 years. Good perioperative outcomes and a long-term disease-free survival were thus achieved with minimally invasive surgery. In addition to being the first report of this rare recurrence site, this is also the first reported case of resection of an extrahepatic metastasis by laparoscopic surgery alone. This report may encourage surgeons to select a laparoscopic approach when managing intra-abdominal metastases from an HCC.
Competition in International Generic Drug Markets
Authors: Gaudette Étienne , Rizzardo Shirin , Pothier Kevin R. , Tadrous Mina
Published: October 2024

This cross-sectional study compares the small molecule generic drug markets of a group of high-income countries with similar pharmaceutical regulatory environments.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Caused by Damaged Mitochondria and Imbalanced Protein Homeostasis in Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell
Authors: Dong Zhaoxiong , Wang Xiaolong , Wang Peiwen , Bai Mingjian , Wang Tianyu , Chu Yanhui , Qin Yan
Published: October 2024

Alveolar epithelial Type II (ATII) cells are closely associated with early events of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Proteostasis dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are known causes of decreased proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells and the secretion of pro‐fibrotic mediators. Here, a large body of evidence is systematized and a cascade relationship between protein homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fibrotropic cytokines is proposed, providing a theoretical basis for ATII cells dysfunction as a possible pathophysiological initiating event for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Improved Charge Recombination Efficiency in Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors via Luminescent Radicals
Authors: Reginato Francesco , Lunedei Eugenio , Mattiello Sara , Baroni Giulia , Bolognesi Margherita , Porcelli Francesco , Mattioli Giuseppe , Hattori Yohei , Prosa Mario , Beverina Luca , Toffanin Stefano
Published: October 2024

Luminescent radicals are attracting attention as emitters in electroluminescent devices thanks to the exploitation of doublet excitons. Recent studies reveal that exciton formation in radical organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) primarily occurs through a charge trapping mechanism. Although typically detrimental for OLEDs, this might be a key process to elucidate light emission in organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs). Here, a unipolar n‐type architecture suitable for the implementation of radical emitters is introduced, designed based on computational calculations. The operation of the as‐realized devices incorporating the newly synthesized [2,6‐dichloro‐4‐(2,6‐dimethoxyphenyl)phenyl](3,5‐dichloro‐4‐pyridyl) (2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl radical is investigated via transient electroluminescence measurements to demonstrate the occurrence of long‐living emission ascribed to the charge trapping mechanisms. Moreover, a comprehensive understanding of the processes governing radical‐OLET is obtained by recording complete 2D maps of both optical and electrical response of the device as a function of applied voltages. Notably, the trapping of electrons by radical moieties is demonstrated to generate a negative charge density in the emissive layer that facilitates holes to be injected: increasing the balance of opposite charge carriers, a tenfold enhancement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) at the proper source‐drain and source‐gate voltage conditions is reported to reach a maximum EQE value of 0.2%.
Molecularly and Structurally Designed Polyimide Nanofiber Radiative Cooling Films for Spacecraft Thermal Management
Authors: Song Xiaokun , Gong Hao , Li Hongchao , Zhang Manyao , Jiang Lin , Wang Chao , Jiang Peipei , Wang Huifen , Cao Kangli , Liu Gang , Zhao Qibin , Fan Tongxiang
Published: October 2024

Radiative cooling films (RCFs) are crucial for spacecraft thermal management, but their optical performance is currently limited by their structures and intrinsic high absorption at short wavelengths. In this study, a novel RCF using electrospun polyimide nanofibers optimized at both the molecular and microscale levels is developed. The newly designed polyimide molecules significantly decrease visible and ultraviolet (UV) light absorption while maintaining excellent thermal radiation properties in the infrared spectrum. By optimizing the diameter and orientation of the nanofibers using Monte Carlo simulations, the resulting film achieves a solar reflectivity of 99.6% and a mid‐infrared emissivity of 0.93. Its physical structures and optical properties remain stable under exposure to UV light, atomic oxygen, and extreme temperature changes. Further vacuum radiative cooling tests reveal that the thermal equilibrium temperature of this film is approximately 28 °C lower than that of Kapton‐based RCFs currently used in spacecraft. These results provide a new approach for creating efficient thermal management materials for space applications, with potential for broader use in architecture, electronic devices, and outdoor equipment.
Visual and Gravimetric CO2 Sensing at High Humidity Levels Enabled by MOF‐804 Cofunctionalized with Ionic Liquid and m‐Cresol Purple
Authors: Xu Xiaoyi , Zhou Tingting , Bing Yu , Wang Xukun , Jiang Hongtao , Song Zhao , Zhang Tong
Published: October 2024

Real‐time monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) is imperative for medical diagnosis and effective environmental preservation. Despite the formidable challenge posed by the inherent chemical inertness of CO₂ molecules, a pioneering CO2 sensor based on MOF‐804 cofunctionalized with ionic liquid (IL) and m‐cresol purple (mCP) is successfully developed. By ingeniously integrating hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic properties within the sensitive layer, the sensor achieves a state‐of‐the‐art sensitivity (Δf = 384 Hz), an exceptionally vast detection range spanning 400–80 000 ppm, and remarkable stability with minimal sensitivity drift even at relative humidity (RH) levels exceeding 80%. Furthermore, the inherent gasochromic property, stemming from the zwitterionic mechanism, paves the way for innovative self‐sustaining CO2 test strips and groundbreaking applications, including CO2 tracking and CO2‐encrypted security labeling technology. Collectively, the realization of this ultra‐sensitive and robust CO2 monitoring approach, coupled with its CO2‐triggered visual and multifunctional capabilities, opens up novel avenues for dynamic CO2 detection, advanced military encryption strategies, and enhanced health management systems.
Enhanced Salinity Gradient Energy Conversion by Photodegradable MXene/TiO2 Membrane Utilizing Saline Dye Wastewater
Authors: Li Mengjie , Zhang Wanlu , Geng Yutong , Lu Bingxin , He Jianwei , Liu Jun , Li Xuejiang , Zhou Hangjian , Fan Xia , Zhai Jin
Published: October 2024

The utilization of nanochannel membranes for harvesting salinity gradient energy has shown promising potential in addressing the energy crisis and environmental pollution issues. While previous studies have mainly focused on extracting salinity energy from mixing artificial seawater with river water, the research introduces a creative approach involving dye wastewater treatment using MXene/TiO2 membranes to achieve simultaneous photocatalytic degradation and power generation via salinity gradients. The built‐in electric field generated by MXene/TiO2 heterojunctions enhances ionic transport and electron‐hole separation. After photocatalytic treatment of saline dye wastewater, the membrane is defined as a photodegradable membrane. This membrane exhibits increased surface charge and expanded layer spacing to optimize salinity gradient energy conversion efficiency, yielding an impressive power density of up to 11.78 W m−2, which is 20% higher than that of the original MXene/TiO2 membrane. This work offers valuable insights into the development of multifunctional materials for sustainable power generation that comprehensively utilize industrial wastewater and domestic sewage.
Synergistic Dual‐Additive Tailored Robust Interphase toward Enhanced Cyclability of Prussian Blue Cathode for K+ Storage
Authors: Wang Zixing , Luo Kang , Mo Ying , Ke Jinlong , Zhou Wang , Chen Shi , Gao Peng , Liu Jilei
Published: October 2024

Fe‐based Prussian blue analogs (KFeHCF) are considered as the most promising cathode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) owing to their low cost and high energy density. However, the unstable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) typically leads to rapid capacity decay upon long‐term cycling, thus limiting its practical application. Herein, for the first time, a dual‐additive strategy has been proposed as an effective and economical approach to regulate the interphase chemistry on KFeHCF surface. The optimized contents of potassium selenocyanate (KSeCN, 0.5 wt.%) and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB, 0.5 wt.%) synergistically lead to the formation of a robust, homogeneous, and conductive CEI film, which promote charge transfer and K+ diffusion, inhibit side reactions and Fe dissolution, and realize stabilization of KFeHCF structure upon long cycling. As a result, the K∥KFeHCF battery with 0.5 wt.% LiDFOB + 0.5 wt.% KSeCN addition exhibits significantly improved cycling performance with a high capacity retention ratio of 81.5% after 5000 cycles at 500 mA g−1 current density and 4.5 V cutoff voltage. This study provides a new paradigm for designing high performance potassium‐ion battery via dual electrolyte additive incorporation.
Infrared Light Activated Highly Efficient Cell Therapy Using Flower‐Shaped Microstructure Device
Authors: Shinde Ashwini Surendra , Shinde Pallavi , Nagai Moeto , Kar Srabani , Santra Tuhin Subhra
Published: October 2024

In this pioneering study, an infrared light‐activated highly efficient and uniform, small to large biomolecular delivery into various cell types is developed using a flower‐shaped microstructure device (FMD). Featuring a unique structural design, this FMD consists of 8 µm in length, with edges of ≈3 and 20 µm gaps between FMD microstructure. When subjected to IR laser exposure at 1050 nm, the FMD triggers the generation of photothermal cavitation bubbles, exerting jet fluid flow on the cell's plasma membrane surface, and facilitating biomolecule delivery into cells. The platform achieves efficient intracellular delivery spanning various biomolecules — from low‐molecular‐weight propidium iodide dye to higher molecular weight siRNA, plasmid, and enzymes — across human cervical (SiHa), mouse fibroblast (L929), and neural crest‐derived (N2a) cancer cells, ensuring consistently high efficiency without compromising cell viability. 95% delivery efficacy and 96% cell viability are achieved for smaller molecules like PI dye in L929 cells. For larger biomolecules such as enzymes, transfection efficiency reached 82%, and cell viability is nearly 90% in SiHa cells. This is confirmed via confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, the FMD‐based delivery system holds broad potential for cellular diagnostics and therapeutics, promising significant advancements in cellular research and biomedical treatments.
Amorphous In–Al–Sn–O Thin Film Transistors and Their Application in Optoelectronic Artificial Synapses
Authors: Feng Xiao , Zhang Yu , Zhuang Xinming , Feng Xianjin
Published: October 2024

In‐Al‐Sn‐O (IATO) is a very promising novel amorphous oxide as the active layer of thin film transistors (TFTs). Herein, IATO TFTs are first fabricated with the effects of annealing on IATO films and TFTs being studied. The IATO films possessed amorphous structure, flat surface morphology, high visible light transmittance, and wide optical bandgap ≈4.20 eV before and after annealing even at 400 °C. The minimal surface roughness and internal defects are obtained for the 300 °C annealed IATO film. Correspondingly, the 300 °C annealed TFTs demonstrated the best overall performance including high saturation mobility (8.55 ± 0.62 cm2 V−1 s−1), low subthreshold swing (0.40 ± 0.07 V dec−1), ideal on/off current ratio (1.25 ± 0.09 × 108), and negligible hysteresis (0.23 ± 0.03 V) values. The 300 °C annealed TFTs are then applied in optoelectronic artificial synapses and exhibit typical synaptic properties, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and short‐term plasticity to long‐term plasticity conversion in response to light stimulation. The international Morse code and repetitive learning‐forgetting behavior of the human brain are also successfully simulated. In particular, an emotion‐memory efficiency model is proposed and the emotion effect on human memory efficiency is successfully imitated via the regulation of gate voltage.
Achieving the Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode by Inducing the (101)‐Preferred Electrodeposition of Zn Crystals
Authors: Ren Qingqing , Tang Xinyue , Guo Yaqing , Liao Xiaobin , Zhang Congmin , Zhu Zixuan , Wang Panpan , Wang Wei , Li Yun , Song Wenjun , Wang Shun , He Kun , Wang Zhen‐Bo , Yuan Yifei
Published: October 2024

Previous studies have primarily focused on promoting the (002) crystal plane of electrodeposited zinc (Zn) to grow thin Zn plates parallel to the electrode surface and thus achieving the dendrite‐suppressed Zn anodes. In contrast, this work adopts a novel approach. In situ construct a tin (Sn) modification layer on Zn foil. Through in‐depth cross‐sectional morphological analyses, the as‐designed Sn interface is observed to induce (101)‐preferred electrodeposition of Zn, leading to well‐ordered alignment of Zn thin plates “standing‐up” against the electrode surface at a universal angle of 65°. Such crystallographic characteristic consequently guarantees a flat and compact morphology of the electrochemically deposited Zn layer, thus suppressing the notorious problems of dendritic Zn growth and hydrogen generation. Consequently, the dendrite‐free Sn–Zn anode exhibits long‐term cycling stability of 4000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2, a significant improvement in comparison to the 50 h stability observed for unmodified Zn anode. The findings in this study offer a deep understanding of interface mechanisms and are instructive for innovative interface design for metal anodes.
Intratumoral microbiota as cancer therapeutic target
Authors: Guo Chang , An Qi , Zhang Lu‐yao , Wei Xun‐dong , Xu Jing , Yu Jiang‐yong , Wu Guo‐ju , Ma Jie
Published: October 2024

Intratumoral microbiota, which affects the physiological and pathological processes of the host, has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Microbials have been found in normal as well as tumor tissues that were originally thought to be sterile. Intratumoral microbiota is considered to play a significant role in the development of tumors and the reduction of clinical benefits. In addition, intratumoral microbiota are heterogeneous, which have different distribution in various types of tumors, and can influence tumor development through different mechanisms, including genome mutations, inflammatory responses, activated cancer pathways, and immunosuppressive microenvironments. Therefore, eliminating the intratumoral microbiota is considered one of the most promising ways to slow down the tumor progression and improve therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we systematically categorized the intratumoral microbiota and elucidated its role in the pathogenesis and therapeutic response of cancer. We have also described the novel strategies to mitigate the impact of tumor progression. We hope this review will provide new insights for the anti‐tumor treatment, particularly for the elderly population, where such insights could significantly enhance treatment outcomes.
Excess dietary salt is associated with an altered bone strain index, degraded bone microarchitecture, vertebral fractures, and increased prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women—A study from a teaching hospital in southern India
Authors: John Rebecca , Cherian Kripa Elizabeth , Kapoor Nitin , Paul Thomas Vizhalil
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Excess dietary salt causes increased urinary calcium and this may lead to bone loss. We proposed to study the association between dietary salt intake and bone health in postmenopausal women from southern India.

Methods

An observational study in which community‐dwelling postmenopausal women were recruited. Daily salt intake and urine calcium/creatinine ratio were assessed. Bone biochemistry and densitometric parameters such as bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS) vertebral fractures, and bone strain index (BSI) were assessed using Dual Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry (DXA).

Results

A total of 383 postmenopausal women with a mean ± SD age of 59.8 ± 7.2 years and BMI of 25.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2 were recruited. Among the participants, 165/383(43.1%) had osteoporosis at any site and 21% had moderate–severe vertebral fractures. The BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck, TBS and BSI were significantly (p < 0.001) lower and the CTx was significantly (p = 0.008) higher among women with high salt intake (7.2 g/day) as compared to those with salt intake of <7.2 g/day. The prevalence of osteoporosis, low TBS, high BSI, and moderate–severe vertebral fractures significantly increased across low to high salt‐intake categories. An ROC analysis showed that excess dietary salt was significantly associated with osteoporosis at any site with an AUC of 0.870 (95% CI: 0.832–0.907). On a multivariate analysis, excess salt intake conferred the highest odds of osteoporosis (OR: 2.296; 95% CI: 1.909–2.761).

Conclusions

Excess dietary salt is associated with high urinary calcium and compromised bone health among postmenopausal women from southern India. This may be a modifiable risk factor in osteoporosis and warrants further research.
Priorities and Recommendations to Make ALS a Livable Disease Emanating from the 2024 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report Living with ALS
Authors: Howard Ileana M. , Babu Suma , Carter Chelsey , Sakowski Stacey A. , Kurent Jerome E. , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Feldman Eva L.
Published: October 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentless, fatal neurodegenerative disease. The progressive loss of voluntary muscle function, diagnostic delays, lack of effective treatments, and challenges accessing multidisciplinary care and resources have tremendous impact on quality of life. The congressionally directed ALS committee of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, in their 2024 report “Living with ALS,” recommends critical actions for specific United States stakeholders to make ALS a livable disease over the next decade. This review summarizes the context and recommendations of the report. Advocacy efforts are critical to make these recommendations a reality for the ALS community. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1035–1039
Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via Intramolecular Formal (3+2)‐Cycloaddition
Authors: Harmata Alexander S. , Tatunashvili Elene , Chang Abigail , Wang Tao , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: October 2024

We report a synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via an intramolecular formal (3+2) cycloaddition of allylated cyclopropanes bearing a 4‐nitrobenzimine substituent. Both activated and unactivated alkenes are tolerated in the transformation. The bicyclic imine products are prone to photo‐induced ring opening, allowing for the epimerization of C5‐stereogenic compounds.
Controlling the Polarity of Metal–Organic Frameworks to Promote Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chen Junnan , Wang Guangming , Dong Yingjun , Ji Jiapeng , Li Linbo , Xue Ming , Zhang Xiaolong , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: October 2024

The addition of polar functional groups to porous structures is an effective strategy for increasing the ability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to capture CO2 by enhancing interactions between the dipoles of the polar functional groups and the quadrupoles of CO2. However, the potential of MOFs with polar functional groups to activate CO2 has not been investigated in the context of CO2 electrolysis. In this study, we report a mixed‐ligand strategy to incorporate various functional groups in the MOFs. We found that substituents with strong polarity led to increased catalytic performance of electrochemical CO2 reduction for these polarized MOFs. Both experimental and theoretical evidence indicates that the presence of polar functional groups induces a charge redistribution in the micropores of MOFs. We have shown that higher electron densities of sp2‐carbon atoms in benzimidazolate ligands reduces the energy barrier to generate *COOH, which is simultaneously controlled by the mass transfer of CO2. Our research offers an effective method of disrupting local electron neutrality in the pores of electrocatalysts/supports to activate CO2 under electrochemical conditions.