bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TD 2666 - REGIC: trajetória, variações e hierarquia urbana em 2018
Authors: Moura Rosa , Nagamine Liria , Ferreira Gustavo
Published: July 2021

Neste Texto para Discussão (TD), elabora-se uma síntese da trajetória da linha de pesquisas sobre as Regiões de Influência das Cidades (Regic) brasileiras, desenvolvida pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), cujo conteúdo prima pela longevidade, sistematicidade e atualidade de pesquisas complexas que expressam a rede urbana brasileira desde os anos 1960. Além de historiar essa trajetória, destacam-se alguns resultados e avanços da pesquisa mais recente, disponibilizados em 2018. Ressalta- -se a importância dos estudos sobre a hierarquia urbana e as regiões de influência das cidades, e se tecem considerações gerais sobre os aspectos históricos e metodológicos da pesquisa, com ênfase na qualidade e facilidade de acesso às informações produzidas. Na construção histórica, aborda-se que o aprimoramento dos procedimentos operacionais não comprometeu a comparabilidade metodológica nem os resultados, o que garantiu acompanhar a evolução, ao longo do tempo, do posicionamento de cada cidade na escala da rede urbana. Voltando-se à estruturação da rede urbana, este estudo apresenta os resultados de um exercício que buscou demarcar as mudanças e permanências das cidades na escala hierárquica ao longo do período analisado. Constataram-se, também, importantes mudanças na variação dos níveis de centralidade, relativas à ascensão ou queda nos reescalonamentos ao longo do período. As ligações internacionais das cidades da faixa de fronteira terrestre e as conexões internacionais de longa distância de todas as cidades também mereceram destaque no texto que se apresenta, pelo ineditismo na série das pesquisas consideradas. Por fim, renova-se a importância da pesquisa e a firmeza do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) na produção de uma série de elevada qualidade e constante periodicidade. Salienta-se o quanto seus resultados apontam para a urgência de uma reflexão sobre o pacto federativo, posto que a dinâmica socioespacial cada vez mais ignora limites e fronteiras.
The BLUEDISK Survey: Thickness of H i Layers in Gas-rich Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Randriamampandry Toky H. , Wang Jing , Mogotsi K. Moses
Published: July 2021

We use an empirical relation to measure the H i scale height of relatively H i-rich galaxies using 21 cm observations. The galaxies were selected from the BLUEDISK, THINGS, and VIVA surveys. We aim to compare the thickness of the H i layer of unusually H i-rich galaxies with that of normal spiral galaxies and find any correlation between the H i scale height and other galaxies’ properties. We found that on average the unusually H i-rich galaxies have H i disk thickness similar to that of the control sample and the galaxies selected from the THINGS and VIVA surveys within their uncertainties. Our results also show that the average thickness of the neutral hydrogen inside the optical disk is correlated with the atomic gas fraction inside the optical disk with a scatter of ∼0.22 dex. A correlation is also found between the H i scale height with the atomic-to-molecular hydrogen ratio, which indicates a link between star formation and the vertical distribution of H i, which is consistent with previous studies. This new scaling relation between the H i scale height and atomic gas fraction will allow us to predict the H i scale heights of a large number of galaxies, but a larger sample is needed to decrease the scatter.
Super-fast Rotation in the OMC 2/FIR 6b Jet
Authors: Matsushita Yuko , Takahashi Satoko , Ishii Shun , Tomisaka Kohji , Ho Paul T. P. , Carpenter John M. , Machida Masahiro N.
Published: July 2021

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array CO (J = 2–1) and 1.3 mm continuum observations of the high-velocity jet associated with the FIR 6b protostar located in the Orion Molecular Cloud-2. We detect a velocity gradient along the short axis of the jet in both the red- and blueshifted components. The position–velocity diagrams along the short axis of the redshifted jet show a typical characteristic of a rotating cylinder. We attribute the velocity gradient in the redshifted component to rotation of the jet. The rotation velocity (>20 km s−1) and specific angular momentum (>1022 cm2 s−1) of the jet around FIR 6b are the largest among all jets in which rotation has been observed. By combining disk wind theory with our observations, the jet launching radius is estimated to be in the range of 2.18–2.96 au. The rapid rotation, large specific angular momentum, and a launching radius far from the central protostar can be explained by a magnetohydrodynamic disk wind that contributes to the angular momentum transfer in the late stages of protostellar accretion.
Calceolaria flavida (Calceolariaceae) a new endemic species to central Chile 
Authors: Lavandero Nicolás , Santilli Ludovica , Pérez Maria Fernanda
Published: July 2021

A new species of Calceolaria endemic to central Chile is described. A comparison with morphologically similar species is made, and a key as well as detailed images to differentiate them is provided. The species is only known from the Natural Sanctuary Cerro El Roble, which is part of the coastal mountain range of central Chile and can be considered as  Critically Endangered (CR) under the IUCN categories and criteria.
Assessing Orthopedic Patient Preferences for Mandated Virtual Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Elective Virtual Care in Non-Pandemic Circumstances
Authors: Yedulla Nikhil R. , Faraj Majd T. , Koolmees Dylan S. , Battista Eric B. , Montgomery Zachary A. , Day Charles S.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare orthopedic patient preferences for mandated virtual care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and elective virtual care during non-pandemic circumstances. An orthopedic virtual care questionnaire was administered to adult orthopedic patients undergoing their first orthopedic virtual visit between March 15, 2020, and May 18, 2020. The questionnaire had 13 items rated on a 1-to-5 Likert scale (“strongly agree” to “strongly disagree”). Responses were compared using Kruskal–Wallis and nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Patients showed higher preferences for mandated virtual care during the pandemic when compared with elective virtual care during non-pandemic circumstances (2.25±1.31 vs 4.10±1.25,
P
<.0001) and also preferred virtual visits in other specialties compared with orthopedics (2.17±1.35 vs 2.79±1.42,
P
<.0001). Patients older than 50 years were more likely to view virtual care as the best option during the pandemic (2.06±1.25 vs 2.48±1.35,
P
<.0165) and equally as effective as in-person visits in non-pandemic circumstances (2.45±1.36 vs 2.83±1.18,
P
<.0150). Female patients were more likely to pursue future orthopedic virtual visits (2.61±1.37 vs 3.07±1.45,
P
<.0203) and view their virtual visit as equally effective as an in-person visit (2.47±1.33 vs 2.87±1.18,
P
<.0181). Orthopedic patient preference for mandated virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be higher than for elective virtual care during non-pandemic circumstances, and older and female patients appear to favor virtual care. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):e471–e476.]
Septic Arthritis of the Acromioclavicular Joint: A Single-Center, 11-Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Chan Jonathan C. , Baker Joseph F.
Published: July 2021

Septic arthritis of the smaller acromioclavicular joint is uncommon, with only a few reports and case series available in the literature. The aim of this outcomes analysis was to determine the prevalence of shoulder girdle septic arthritis within the authors' institution, with a particular focus on describing the authors' experience with acromioclavicular joint septic arthritis. A retrospective outcomes analysis was conducted of patients admitted to a single tertiary referral center from 2008 to 2018 with acromioclavicular joint septic arthritis. Demographic and clinical data were recorded for each patient; the modified Frailty Index score was calculated for each patient. Nine patients were identified as having acromioclavicular joint septic arthritis, making up 12% of shoulder girdle septic arthritis. Diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent comorbidity, present in 4 (44.4%) patients.
Staphylococcus aureus
was responsible in 55.6% and
Streptococcus
species in 44.4%. Seven patients were treated surgically. Mean (SD) length of antibiotic therapy was 6.2 (2.7) weeks. Mean (SD) length of stay was 6 (2.83) days (range, 4–8 days) for patients who received antibiotic therapy only and 12.7 (7.52) days for those who proceeded for operative management. Mean modified Frailty Index score was 1.1. Septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint is an uncommon infection that occurs both in patients with impaired immunity and in those with intact immune systems. Tailored antimicrobial therapy in conjunction with surgical intervention, when indicated, appears to result in successful suppression or eradication of infection in the majority of cases. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):e493–e497.]
Absence of a “July Effect” on Hospital Length of Stay After Primary Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Perim Dana A. , Heyer Jessica H. , Amdur Richard , Pandarinath Rajeev
Published: July 2021

There is a commonly held belief in a “July effect” resulting in suboptimal outcomes as residents begin or advance in their training each summer. Previous studies have shown an absence of a July effect on clinical outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, it remains unknown whether there is a July effect on hospital length of stay (LOS) after primary THA/TKA. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried from 2006 to 2012 for cases of primary THA/TKA, excluding emergency cases or cases where the ATTEND variable indicating resident participation was coded as missing or unknown. The primary outcome was prolonged LOS, defined as greater than 4 days postoperative. Secondary outcomes, including mortality, unplanned return to the operating room, and adverse clinical events, were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses, including correction for comorbidities, evaluated associations between resident involvement in a case and any outcomes, and whether this association was different in quarter 3 (July through September) vs the remainder of the year. A total of 34,818 cases were included. Residents were involved in 9669 (28%). Length of stay greater than 4 days occurred in 12% of resident cases overall vs 11% of non-resident cases. Quarter 3 also had significantly more cases with prolonged LOS (12%) vs quarters 1 and 2 and quarter 4 (all 11%). On multivariate analysis, the resident effect on LOS greater than 4 days remained significant during the entire year; however, resident involvement in quarter 3 was not associated with prolonged LOS. These results do not support the presence of a July effect on LOS after primary THA/TKA. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):e503–e508.]
Competing Risks Methods Are Recommended for Estimating the Cumulative Incidence of Revision Arthroplasty for Health Care Planning Purposes
Authors: Lacny Sarah , Faris Peter , Bohm Eric , Woodhouse Linda J. , Robertsson Otto , Marshall Deborah A.
Published: July 2021

Cumulative incidence of revision provides a measure of the failure rate of joint replacements and can be used to project demand for revisions. The most commonly applied survival analysis method (Kaplan–Meier [KM]) does not account for competing risks (eg, death). The authors compared the cumulative incidence function (CIF), a competing risks method, with the KM method through application to population-based cohorts. They measured time to revision, death, or censoring for unilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA; n=12,496) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA; n=19,172) cohorts in administrative databases in Alberta and TKAs (n=80,177) in the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register. The authors compared relative differences between the KM and CIF. They fitted Cox, Fine and Gray, and Royston and Parmar regression models and compared coefficients, standard errors, and
P
values. On sensitivity analysis, the authors included staged bilateral operations. Kaplan–Meier estimates exceeded the CIF at each time point. The magnitude of overestimation increased with follow-up time and was greatest for the Swedish cohort. At 5 years, relative differences between KM and CIF estimates for the Alberta THA and TKA and Swedish TKA cohorts were 1.8%, 2.3%, and 3.8%, respectively. These differences increased to 3.1%, 5.8%, and 8.2%, respectively, at 9 years, reaching 39.1% at 20 years (Swedish cohort). On sensitivity analysis (including staged bilateral operations), the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard ratio differed from the Cox and Royston and Parmar hazard ratios. When the frequency of competing risks is high, competing risks methods are recommended to obtain accurate cumulative incidence estimates for informing health care planning and decision making. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):e549–e555.]
Correlation of the Imaging Features of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome With Clinical Findings and Patient Functional Scores
Authors: Ratcliff Terrul L. , Chhabra Avneesh , Okpara Shawn O. , Lawson Parker , Kayfan Samar , Xi Yin , Mulligan Edward P. , Wells Joel E.
Published: July 2021

The relationship among the severity of the imaging features of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), patient symptoms, and function has not been elucidated. Understanding this relationship helps to improve the prognostic value of imaging. The goal of this study was to examine the correlation of clinical findings, patient pain, and function with severity, as measured with radiographic and 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D-MRI). Data collected prospectively through a longitudinally maintained hip database were reviewed, and 37 hips from 31 patients were included. All patients were examined by an experienced orthopedic surgeon, and preoperative radiographs and 3D-MRI were obtained. Preoperatively, the patients completed validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Mean±SD alpha angles were 69.4°±10.3°, 70.0°±10.3°, 70.6°±8.4°, and 74.8°±9.2° at 12 o'clock, 1 o'clock, 2 o'clock, and 3 o'clock, respectively. Mean lateral center edge angle was 30.1°±5.3°. The authors did not observe a statistically significant correlation between PROMs and the features measured by radiographs and 3D-MRI (
P
>.05). In this subset of prospectively imaged patients with FAIS, the authors did not find a correlation between the severity of symptoms measured by PROMs and features on radiographs and 3D-MRI. The severity of dysfunction is multifactorial, and anatomic severity, as measured radiographically and with 3D-MRI, may not correlate with symptoms. Further investigation is necessary to address the sources of patient pain. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):e577–e582.]
Diabetes Mellitus Is Not a Negative Prognostic Factor for Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Perets Itay , Chaharbakhshi Edwin O. , Barkay Gal , Mu Brian H. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: July 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with inferior clinical outcomes and comorbidities in general. The authors sought to compare the outcomes of hip arthroscopy at minimum 2-year follow-up for patients with DM with those of patients without DM. Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between February 2008 and December 2014. The inclusion criteria were patients with DM who underwent hip arthroscopy for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears and had preoperative patient- reported outcomes. The exclusion criteria were preoperative Tönnis grade greater than 1, previous ipsilateral hip surgery, and/or previous conditions. All patients with DM were matched in a 1:2 ratio to control patients without DM. The matching criteria were age at surgery, sex, body mass index, workers' compensation, capsular treatment, and acetabular Outerbridge grade 0 or 1 vs 2, 3, or 4. Of 29 eligible patients with DM, 26 (89.7%) had minimum 2-year follow-up. Twenty-six patients with DM were matched and compared with 52 patients without DM. Acetabuloplasty was performed more frequently in the control group (
P
=.01). There were no other statistically significant differences detected in terms of demographics, preoperative radiographic imaging, intraoperative findings, procedures, preoperative scores, follow-up scores, revision rates, rates of conversion to total hip arthroplasty, or complication rates. Patients with DM demonstrated favorable improvements at 2 or more years after arthroscopic labral treatment when compared with a matched control group without DM. The DM group demonstrated a non-statistically significant trend toward inferior outcomes in all patient-reported outcomes, visual analog scale score, and satisfaction. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):241–248.]
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Internal Brace Augmentation Reduces Posterior Tibial Translation Under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Trasolini Nicholas A. , Hatch George F. , Wright David , Levy Bruce A. , Stuart Michael J. , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q.
Published: July 2021

The goal of this study was to evaluate the stiffness and resistance to elongation of an internal bracing (IB) construct in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR). The authors hypothesized that augmentation with an internal brace would increase construct stiffness and decrease posterior tibial translation during cyclic loading in a fresh frozen cadaveric model. Ten cadaver knees underwent PCL reconstruction with (PCLR+IB) and without (PCLR) augmentation with an internal brace and were compared with an intact PCL state. Knees were subjected to cyclic posterior drawer loading at 45 N, 90 N, and 134 N. The PCLR+IB showed significantly less tibial translation with posterior drawer loading compared with the PCLR. Posterior tibial translation measured 8.83 mm for the PCLR vs 6.59 mm for the PCLR+IB (
P
=.05) at 45 N posterior load. This difference remained significant at higher loads, with posterior translation of 10.84 mm and 8.44 mm for PCLR and PCLR+IB, respectively, at 90 N (
P
=.035) and posterior translation of 12.80 mm and 10.23 mm for PCLR and PCLR+IB, respectively, at 134 N (
P
=.023). No significant differences were found in overall construct stiffness between groups. These data suggest a checkrein mechanism of action for the internal brace in this construct, rather than a load-sharing mechanism. Importantly, the PCLR+IB technique did not constrain posterior translation more than the intact, physiologic state. Clinical studies are warranted to determine whether these ex vivo biomechanical benefits will translate to improved outcomes. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):235–240.]
A Prospective, Randomized Evaluation of the Quality of Wound Closure With Barbed Versus Standard Suture After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Sah Alexander P.
Published: July 2021

Complications such as joint infection or delayed wound healing can lead to morbidity and elevated health care costs after total joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of running knotless barbed suture vs standard monofilament suture wound closure with respect to wound drainage and healing complications after total joint arthroplasty. For this study, 1000 joint arthroplasty patients were prospectively randomized to have fascial, soft tissue, and skin closure with knotless barbed suture vs standard suture during the period 2016 to 2018. An absorptive dressing was used for 1 week postoperatively. Each dressing was weighed and the saturated surface area of the dressing measured. A total of 939 dressings were available for evaluation. Incisions were evaluated for wound healing at each postoperative visit. Of the 1000 joint arthroplasties performed, suture breakage or needle disengagement occurred similarly with the standard monofilament suture and the running barbed suture (13 times vs 6 times;
P
=.17). Dressings were weighed, and when standard monofilament sutures were used, an average of 1.2 g more postoperative bandage weight was recorded (
P
<.002). Postoperative wound complications including stitch abscess or wound irritation occurred more often with standard monofilament sutures than with running barbed sutures (16 times vs 5 times;
P
<.025). Optimal wound closure after joint replacement is critical to enhance soft tissue healing and minimize infection risk, which can be caused by excessive wound drainage. The positive results shown for the running barbed suture of this prospective study indicate the difference in quality of closure between the standard monofilament suture and the running barbed suture in hip and knee arthroplasty surgical sites. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):216–222.]
De l’analyse du parcellaire aux dynamiques intra-urbaines : apport de l’archéogéographie à la compréhension de l’évolution de l’espace parisien sur le temps long
Authors: Hermenault Léa
Published: July 2021

L’analyse archéogéographique d’un territoire permet de saisir certaines de ses dynamiques internes mais aussi de réfléchir à leurs mécanismes de transmission sur le temps long. Appliquée, dans cet article, au territoire parisien ancien, cette démarche permet de repérer à l’intérieur de ce dernier des sous-ensembles organisés par des logiques socio-économiques différentes, grâce à une compilation d’informations provenant de sources écrites et planimétriques. L’analyse de plusieurs corpus de données permet de constater le maintien sur le temps long de ces sous-ensembles et engage à explorer le rôle du bâti et des limites parcellaires dans cette persistance : les composantes matérielles d’un territoire apparaissent comme étant un des éléments qui, en interaction avec d’autres, participe à son maintien dans le temps.
L’albâtre de Beuda (Gérone, Catalogne, Espagne), un matériau marqueur de la sculpture gothique en France méridionale révélé par les analyses multi-isotopiques (S, O, Sr)
Authors: Bromblet Philippe , Kloppmann Wolfram , Leroux Lise , Le Pogam Pierre-Yves , Morte García Carmen , Muñoz del Pozo Alicia
Published: July 2021

Dans le cadre d’un programme d’identification des sculptures en albâtres du Moyen Âge et de la Renaissance en France, une dizaine d’œuvres a été étudiée dans un triangle compris entre Perpignan, Toulouse et Narbonne. Les analyses minéralogiques et isotopiques (S, O, Sr) montrent que ces œuvres gothiques des xive et xve siècles ont été réalisées avec un albâtre gypseux d’une provenance unique, extrait en Catalogne sud, sur la commune de Beuda près de Gérone. Cet albâtre, qui était très apprécié dès le début du xive siècle en Catalogne puis dans toute la Couronne d’Aragon, s’est diffusé progressivement dans une grande partie de la péninsule Ibérique. Il a eu aussi les faveurs des sculpteurs au nord des Pyrénées dans les différents territoires qui vont former à partir du milieu du xive siècle le Languedoc royal rattaché au royaume de France. Alors qu’à la même époque des albâtres d’autres provenances (Angleterre, Alpes…) étaient utilisés en Aquitaine ou en Provence voisines, l’albâtre de Beuda apparaît clairement comme un marqueur de ces sculptures gothiques liées à l’émergence d’une production artistique spécifique en France méridionale.
Première identification archéologique d’un écobuage médiéval : le site de Vaudes « Les Trappes » (Aube)
Authors: Guiblais-Starck Arthur , Menbrivès Clément , Coubray Sylvie , Dandurand Grégory , Giosa Alain , Martin Sophie , Petit Christophe
Published: July 2021

La mise au jour en 2014 de structures rubéfiées et noircies à Vaudes « Les Trappes » (Aube) a conduit à la réalisation de fouilles préventives par l’Inrap sur une surface d’environ 8 000 m² afin d’identifier leur origine, anthropique ou naturelle. La morphologie de ces vestiges, dépourvus d’indices de contexte domestique ou artisanal, rappelle celle de faits fréquemment découverts lors de diagnostics archéologiques, enregistrés a priori comme le résultat de feux liés à des chablis ou des souches d’arbres. L’importante densité des structures, formant un niveau stratigraphique discontinu sur près de 350 mètres apparaissait ici particulièrement pertinente pour caractériser plus précisément les modalités de leur formation. La fouille archéologique, couplée à des caractérisations géoarchéologiques (étude stratigraphique, granulométrie, analyse élémentaire, susceptibilité magnétique, colorimétrie, micromorphologie) et paléoenvironnementales (malacologie, anthracologie, carpologie) confirme que ces structures résultent d’un phénomène de combustion in situ complexe, et cela dans un milieu relativement ouvert et humide. La confrontation de ces résultats à la documentation technique et ethnographique des feux naturels et agro-sylvo-pastoraux nous permet d’interpréter ces structures comme les résidus de fourneaux de combustion tels qu’employés dans un écobuage au sens classique. Leur datation autour des xie-xiie siècles atteste ainsi cette pratique agricole méconnue plusieurs siècles avant sa première mention historique et démontre la nécessité d’une plus grande considération de ce type de découverte, en dépit des difficultés pouvant apparaitre pour enregistrer et caractériser des vestiges parfois énigmatiques.
The Bronze age amber industry in northern Italy in light of high-resolution 3D imaging
Authors: Angelini Ivana , Vidale Massimo
Published: July 2021

We summarize here the preliminary results of the experimental application of high-resolution 3D imaging to the study and reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire of amber bead-making in the northern Italian peninsula in the 2nd millennium BC. Amber, an unusually soft raw material that is highly sensible to any kind of physical and chemical change, records a spectrum of archaeological information that was almost unimaginable until recently. We show how the examination of manufacturing waste and finished beads using opto-digital microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), and considering the interactions with post-manufacturing use-wear traces, reveals unexpected evidence about the beads’ biography, emphasizing, in first place, the probable important role of the heat-treatment of amber with metal tools.
La préparation de l’écriture : vers un concept didactique à forte pertinence
Authors: Kervyn Bernadette
Published: July 2021

Quand il s’agit de considérer le démarrage de l’écriture, outre les concepts de planification, d’avant-texte, de brouillon et d’écrits intermédiaires ou de travail, on trouve régulièrement, enchevêtré aux précédents, le terme a priori plus commun de préparation (de l’écriture) décliné sous des formes différentes (écrits préparatoires, se préparer à l’écriture, phase préparatoire…). Plutôt que de s’en tenir à un premier constat de flou formel et conceptuel lié à la transversalité de ce terme, cet article analyse ce qu’il recouvre et la pertinence qu’il peut avoir en didactique de l’écriture, dans une perspective curriculaire et littéracique. De cette analyse surplombante émergent différents besoins théorico-pratiques auxquels il répond ainsi que des questions programmatiques pour la didactique de l’écriture. Ces besoins et ces questions révèlent la puissance de condensation de cette notion ainsi que son utilité euristique et praxéologique.
Vers une triple sémiotisation ?
Authors: Daghé Sandrine Aeby
Published: July 2021

En didactique du français, la notion de double sémiotisation développée par Schneuwly (2000) s’inscrit dans une théorisation de l’activité enseignante comme un travail. Ce travail implique : a) de rendre présent l’objet aux élèves comme un objet qu’ils doivent apprendre ; et b) de guider leur attention sur ses aspects essentiels et d’en sélectionner les composantes et caractéristiques principales à repérer et à exercer. Or, la mise à l’épreuve méthodologique de la double sémiotisation dans le cadre de séquences d’enseignement de lecture littéraire avec des élèves de 15 à 16 ans laisse apparaitre une troisième forme de sémiotisation, visant à assurer l’ancrage énonciatif et le sens des activités scolaires.
La migration du champ de la littératie en didactique du français : un nouvel espace conceptuel ?
Authors: Dupont Pascal
Published: July 2021

Les recherches en literacy – littératie en français - ont connu un grand retentissement depuis les années quatre-vingt. L’usage du terme de littératie s’est également largement répandu dans les sphères institutionnelles et politiques pour évaluer les compétences des élèves en lecture et en écriture. Cet article s’intéresse à la migration du champ de la littératie à celui des recherches en didactique du français. Une première partie présente ce que l’on peut entendre lorsque l’on parle de littératie d’un point de vue institutionnel ou de celui de la recherche. La deuxième aborde la façon dont les chercheurs s’en sont emparés à partir de l’étude d’un corpus de revues scientifiques françaises dont la thématique a porté sur la littératie entre 2002 et 2017. Une dernière partie, plus prospective, envisage sa plus-value euristique pour renouveler le point de vue sur la didactique du français en ouvrant de nouveaux lieux d’intervention didactique.
Penser la didactique du français à travers des concepts de la didactique du FLES
Authors: Camussi-Ni Marie-Armelle
Published: July 2021

Et si se former à l'enseignement du français langue étrangère, parce que cela signifie apprendre nécessairement à prendre en compte l'usage non partagé de la langue enseignée, permettait d'acquérir une meilleure posture en tant que professeur de français ? Dans cet article, nous interrogeons ce postulat paradoxal à l'aide d'éléments comparés de recherches en didactiques du français langue première et du français langue étrangère et seconde. Nous montrons ses répercussions possibles en termes de prise en compte des usages réels des élèves sur le plan sociolinguistique ; de la nécessaire déconstruction de la langue étudiée à l'aide de corpus ; mais aussi en termes de vigilance sur l'acquisition supposée du métalangage et sur d'éventuelles fossilisations au cours de l'apprentissage.
The milky way
Authors: Daverio Matteo , Tine' Mariaenrica , Spagnolo Paolo
Published: July 2021

Mediastinal masses may present with signs and symptoms due to either compression of mediastinal structures or systemic effects of the underlying disease. The present case highlights the advantages of interventional pulmonology in the diagnosis of lymphoma as a cause of chylothorax and superior vena cava syndrome.
Severe hyperglycemia in an insulin-deficient patient with type 2 diabetes responding well to oral antidiabetic therapy
Authors: M. Elmalti Akrem , Mukhtar Mamoun , Skaria Sijomol , Harbagi Wafa
Published: July 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by a steady decline in beta-cell function and insulin resistance. As a result, most patients with T2DM may require treatment with insulin after 15–20 years of diagnosis. Various pathophysiological defects were identified leading to hyperglycemia, including reduced insulin secretion due to beta-cell failure. They reduced beta-cell mass and a defect in insulin secretion, which leads to a relative insulin deficiency in these patients requiring insulin treatment. Most international guidelines recommend starting insulin treatment in patients with poor glucose control, mainly if the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is above 9% with the presence of symptoms, especially in relatively newly diagnosed patients with T2DM. We present a 45-year-old patient with T2DM of 5 years duration who attended our center with severe hyperglycemia with evidence of insulin deficiency both clinically and biochemically, who responded well to oral antidiabetic agents achieving adequate glycemic control.
Matching the distributions of the marginals and the sums for the Meixner class
Authors: Griffiths Robert , Hamza Kais
Published: July 2021

Для заданного множества независимых случайных величин $X_1,…,X_d$, принадлежащих классу Мейкснера, найдены случайные величины $Y_1,…,Y_d$, для которых маргинальные распределения и распределения сумм совпадают: $Y_i\stackrel{d}{=} X_i$ и $\sum_iY_i\stackrel{d}{=}\sum_iX_i$. В работе дается полная характеризация случайных величин $Y_1,…,Y_d$ и предлагаются примеры построения с помощью конечных среднеквадратичных разложений.
Eye Surgery in Africa
Authors: Hydara Abba
Published: July 2021

No Abstract.
Unusual Abdominal Wall Abscess Post-Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Thimmegowda Prashanth Annayyanapalya , Lakshman Krish
Published: July 2021

Cholecystectomy is the most commonly performed operation worldwide nowadays. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold  standard treatment of gallstones. We present a case of an 81-year-old male with a 3-months’ history of loss of appetite and weight with no associated symptoms. The patient had undergone an LC for symptomatic cholelithiasis 1 year previously, with an uneventful recovery. The clinical examination was essentially normal. A computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis showed thickening of the right  perihepatic peritoneum measuring 15 × 15 × 3.5 cm, suggestive of chronic granulomatous lesion or atypical mesothelioma. We performed a diagnostic laparoscopy and found the lesion to be an abdominal wall abscess. The abscess cavity was deroofed, the pus was drained and a thorough wash out given. Surprisingly no stones or any foreign body were found in the cavity. Histology of the abscess wall showed non-specific inflammation. We report this case as a post-LC abdominal wall abscess with two peculiar features – (a) no systemic or local  symptoms, and (b) no association with spilt gallstones or other foreign bodies like sutures.
Association Between Serum Sodium Abnormalities and Clinicoradiologic Parameters in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Mwachaka Philip , Amayo Angela , Mwang’ombe Nimrod , Kitunguu Peter
Published: July 2021

Background: Secondary brain insults after traumatic brain injury such as electrolyte dysfunctions are associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed at determining the incidence of serum sodium ion abnormalities and their association with clinicoradiological parameters.

Methods: A prospective crosssectional study of one hundred and seventeen patients with severe head injury. Data collected included patient demographics, prehospital interventions, clinical examination findings, computed tomography (CT) scan head findings, serum sodium ion levels (at admission and 48 h later), and outcome (30 days).

Results: At admission, 93(79.5%) patients had normal serum sodium ion levels. However, 48 h post-admission, hypernatremia was  prevalent in 56(63.6%) patients (p < 0.001). Hypernatremia was significantly associated with the use of mannitol (p = 0.036), lower Glasgow  Coma Score (p = 0.047), higher Injury Severity Score (p = 0.015), presence of subdural hematoma (p = 0.044), midline shift >5 mm (p = 0.048), compressed/absent basal cistern (p = 0.010), and higher Rotterdam CT Score (p = 0.003). Hypernatremia reported 48 h  postadmission was associated with a high 30-day mortality rate [odds ratio (OR) 3.55, p = 0.0095]. Risk of mortality associated with hyponatremia and hypernatremia at admission was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: While both hyponatremia and hypernatremia can occur in serious TBI patients, hypernatremia predominates 48 hours post- admission and is associated with statistically significant increased risk of death.
Operative Management and Outcomes of Patients with Sigmoid Volvulus at a Tertiary Public Hospital in Malawi
Authors: Bitilinyu-Bangoh Ephraim , Mwale Fatsani , Ulunji Chawinga Loveness , Mulima Gift
Published: July 2021

Background: Sigmoid Volvulus (SV) is a common cause of acute bowel obstruction in Malawi. We aimed to  describe the surgical  management of SV and its outcomes at Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records from January 2019 to December 2019 of all SV patients, aged 18 years and above. Data  extracted included age, sex, admission date, surgery date, bowel viability at time of surgery, procedure done, suspected anastomotic leakage, length of hospital stay and mortality. The data was analyzed using STATA 14.0.

Results: There were more males (n= 59, 81.9 %) than females. The median (IQR) age was 50.5 (38-60) years. A viable sigmoid colon was present in 61 (84.7%) patients. The commonest procedures done were sigmoid  resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) (59.7%, n=43) and Hartmann’s procedure (HP) (36.1%, n=26). The median length of hospital stay was 5 days in HP, 7 days in RPA and longest in  mesosigmoidopexy (10 days). Suspected anastomotic leakage occurred in 2(4.7%) patients. The overall mortality was 6.9% with all deaths occurring in RPA patients.

Conclusion: Mortality is high in SV patients who undergo RPA. We recommend Hartmann’s procedure in cases where the bowel has  significant oedema or is gangrenous.
Effects of MOF6 Fraction from Ethanolic Extract of the Leaves of Moringa oleifera against Sodium Arsenite-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Ameen Mubarak , Akinlolu Adelaja , Abdulhamid Mukadam , Biliaminu Muheen , Ajiboye Olaolu , Yahya Rahmat , Abdulrahman Bashir , Oyetunji Oyepegu , Rotimi Mojishola , Nejo Victoria , Omotoso Gabriel
Published: July 2021

Moringa oleifera (MO) is a plant of significant medicinal importance. The dried leaves of MO were pulverized, extracted with ethanol and fractionated using column chromatography to provide seven fractions (MOF1-7) with MOF6 having the best preliminary antioxidant  potential. Therefore, this study evaluated the hepatoprotective potentials of MOF6 in sodium arsenite (SA)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of five rats each. Control Group I received normal saline. Groups II and III received 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) of SA for 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. Groups IV and V received 20 mg/kg bw of SA for 3 weeks followed by treatment with 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg bw of fraction MOF6, respectively, for 6 weeks. Groups VI and VII received only  5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg bw of fraction MOF6, respectively, for 6 weeks. Antioxidant (lipid peroxidation) and biochemical analyses of liver  enzymes of all rats were carried out after the completion of experimental procedures. Results showed statistically significant lower mean values (p ≤ 0.05) of malondialdehyde (MDA), acid phosphatase (ACP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in rats of Groups IV and V compared with Group III. However, there were statistically significant higher mean values (p ≤ 0.05) of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in Groups IV and V compared with Groups I and III. In conclusion, these results implied that fraction MOF6 has antioxidant and  hepatoprotective potentials. However, results of ALP analyses implied that MOF6 possibly augmented SA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Antimalarial Activity of the 80% Methanol Leaf Extract and Solvent Fractions of Stephania abyssinica (Dill. & A. Rich.) Walp. against Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice
Authors: Zemene Mekuanent , Geta Mestayet , Huluka Solomon Assefa , Birru Eshetie Melese
Published: July 2021

Malaria continues to be a global public health threat. In Africa, malaria accounts for a substantial morbidity and mortality. The emergence of drug resistant malaria parasites and subsequent decrement in effectiveness of current antimalarial medications have complicated  malaria control. This urged developing an effective alternative antimalarial agent. Leaves and root of Stephania abyssinica (Dill. & A. Rich.) Walp. is traditionally used for the treatment of malaria in east African countries such as Ethiopia and proved for its in vitro antimalarial efficacy. Hence, this study aimed at evaluating the antimalarial activity of S. abyssinica. Cold maceration technique was employed to prepare the 80% methanol crude extract followed by fractionation using n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The in vivo antimalarial property of different dose levels (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) of the hydroalcoholic extract and solvent fractions were investigated using prophylactic and 4-day suppressive mice models, against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain). Highest (400 mg/kg) doses of the  hydroalcoholic extract and solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate) exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.001) chemosuppressive activities. The chloroform fraction revealed the highest  chemosuppresion (55.80%) and chemoprophylactic (57.59%) potency in 4-day suppressive and prophylactic tests, respectively, at 400 mg/kg dose level. Furthermore, 400 mg dose of the chloroform fraction significantly prevented malaria associated haemolysis as compared to vehicle treated group in both prophylactic (p < 0.05) and suppressive (p < 0.01) models. In conclusion, the current study gave evidence that the plant has a potential antimalarial activity against P. berghei, which upholds traditional claims and justifies a need to undertake  advanced pharmacological and toxicological investigations.
Assessment of Ore Grade Estimation Methods for Structurally Controlled Vein Deposits - A Review
Authors: Abuntori C. A. , Al-Hassan S. , Mireku-Gyimah D.
Published: July 2021

Resource estimation techniques have upgraded over the past couple of years, thereby improving resource estimates. The classical method of estimation is less used in ore grade estimation than geostatistics (kriging) which proved to provide more accurate estimates by its ability to account for the geology of the deposit and assess error. Geostatistics has therefore been said to be superior over the classical methods of estimation. However, due to the complexity of using geostatistics in resource estimation, its time-consuming nature, the susceptibility to errors due to human interference, the difficulty in applying it to deposits with few data points and the difficulty in using it to estimate complicated deposits paved the way for the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to be applied in ore grade estimation. AI techniques have been employed in diverse ore deposit types for the past two decades and have proven to provide comparable or better results than those estimated with kriging. This research aimed to review and compare the most commonly used kriging methods and AI techniques in ore grade estimation of complex structurally controlled vein deposits. The review showed that AI techniques outperformed kriging methods in ore grade estimation of vein deposits.

 

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks, Geostatistics, Kriging, Mineral Resource, Grade
Application of Split Desktop Image Analysis and Kuz-Ram Empirical Model for Evaluation of Blast Fragmentation Efficiency in a Typical Granite Quarry
Authors: Idowu K. A. , Olaleye B. M. , Saliu M. A.
Published: July 2021

Evaluation of fragmentation efficiency is an integral aspect of blasting operation. This study therefore assesses the efficiency of fragmentation size at Eminent granite quarry, Ibadan, Nigeria using Split Desktop software and Kuz-Ram empirical model. Five muckpiles of blasted rocks with the same blast design were analysed. The muckpile images were captured using smart high precision digital camera and uploaded into computer for Split Desktop analysis. The results of the fragment size distribution obtained from Kuz-Ram vary slightly with that of the Split Desktop but follow similar trend. The average values of F80 and F90 from the Split Desktop image analysis were 90.96 cm and 98.24 cm respectively. The Kuz-Ram model values for F80 and F90 were 88.52 cm and 92.95 cm respectively. The results of the Split Desktop were compared to the results obtained from the Kuz-Ram experiential model. The findings showed that the results obtained from Kuz-Ram empirical model were in conformity with the results from the Split Desktop software based on empirical relationship. Hence, the model is good for preliminary evaluation of blast design.

 

Keywords: Blasting, Particle Size Distribution, Split Desktop Software, Muckpile, Fragmentation Indicator
Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Health Risk Levels of TSP and PM10 in the Mining Town of Tarkwa, Ghana
Authors: Krampah F. , Amegbey N. , Ndur S.
Published: July 2021

Particulate matter (PM) varies significantly in space and time. Effective PM risk analysis requires adequate knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of PM. In order to understand TSP/PM10 variability within the microclimate of Tarkwa and their potential impact. The Spatio-temporal distribution of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) and PM10 in Tarkwa was studied. Five years TSP and PM10 monthly concentration data from fifteen (15) monitoring stations were collected and analysed for Spatio-temporal characteristics within the suburbs around three mining companies in Tarkwa. Autocorrelation between neighbouring suburbs, attainment rate, particle size distribution and risk levels were evaluated. The results revealed that all the monitoring stations except two (stations NV and TN) recorded TSP and PM10 concentrations below the national guideline for all years of study. Geo-spatially, highest TSP and PM10 risk level were recorded East of Tarkwa. Inhalable particles constitute about 44.09-72.90% of TSP. Attainment values between 44.09%-100% and 30%-100% were recorded for TSP and PM10, respectively. Estimated AQI values ranged between good and unhealthy for sensitive groups. Future studies directed at the chemical composition of PM was recommended to enhance further understanding of the risk levels.

 

Keywords: Particulate Matter, Attainment Rate, Air Pollution, Trends, Particle Size Distribution
Effect of optimizing process variables on the quality characteristics of cassava-wheat composite bread
Authors: Olurin Taiwo O. , Dudu Olayemi E. , Olaniyan Adeola M. , Ogunmoyela Olugbenga A. B.
Published: July 2021

The optimisation of bread-making process can have a positive impact in ramping up the quality characteristics of cassava-wheat bread to  that of whole wheat bread. In this study, a threevariable Box-Behnken design response surface methodology was employed to investigate and optimise independent variables namely cassava flour composition, water content and proofing time in relation to response variables namely dough yield, loaf specific volume and loaf protein of cassava-wheat-composite bread. The data from the experimental design were fitted into second-order regression models and their validity and reliability were confirmed by analysis of variance. Optimal cassava flour composition, water content and proofing time were derived as; 100 g/kg, 589 g/kg and 90 min, respectively. It was revealed that cassava flour composition had the most effect on the quality characteristics of cassava-wheat-composite bread. At constant cassava flour  composition, increase in water content and proofing time had a positive effect on all the studied quality characteristics of cassava-wheat composite bread. Increase cassava flour composition regardless of proofing time and water content had a negative effect on loaf specific volume and protein. This study has provided bread-making conditions which can be utilised in enhancing the consumer acceptability of cassava-wheat composite bread.