bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Organic Fertilizers for Pepper Growing
Authors: Aliyeva A.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the work was to study the use of organic fertilizers on the growth and development of pepper culture. Work was carried out on the territory of the Guba district of Azerbaijan, on meadow–forest soils in 2027–2018. The compost Guba-Khachmaz was used. Pilot sites with various composting options were laid. As a result of the work, it was found that in the version of 20 t/ha of compost with every 100 centners of the crop, nitrogen — 36 kg, phosphorus — 13 kg, potassium — 42 kg are removed from the soil. In the control version, these indicators were respectively: 31, 10, 34 kg. In conclusion, it was concluded that the application of compost significantly affected the utilization of nutrients.
Development of Enterprise Management Tools Radio-electronic Industry in Their Conditions Diversifications
Authors: Batkovskiy M. , Kravchuk P. , Sudakov V. , Trofimets V.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of the research, the relevance of which is determined by the urgent need to improve the management tools of enterprises of the radio–electronic industry at the present time. The subject of the study is this tool used in the conditions of incomplete initial data and uncertainty of the external environment of enterprises due to changes in their production and economic activities during the period of production diversification. Some models describing the analyzed process taking into account its specifics are considered, which allow obtaining probabilistic–time estimates of the development of enterprises in the studied conditions. For this purpose, we used methods that take into account the vibrational component in the analyzed time series, as well as expert methods. The application of the proposed algorithms in practice helps to optimize diversification measures, accelerate the innovative development of radio–electronic industry enterprises and increase its efficiency.
Features of Forming a Competitive Strategy of a Tourist Firm on the Example of the Golden Russia Company
Authors: Churilkina A.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the marketing aspects of developing a competitive strategy for a travel company based on an analysis of the main competitors of the market of Vladimir and proposes programs to increase the competitiveness of the company.
Company’s Marketing Strategy Development on the Example of Vladinfo LLC
Authors: Smirnov V. , Lipatov M.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of assessing the competitiveness of the enterprise of the national economy. Based on the analysis of the competitive position developed and proposed measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the organization.
The Effectiveness of Fiscal and Monetary Policy: Case of Uzbekistan
Authors: Sitmuratov Sh.
Published: March 2020

The article examines an effectiveness of government monetary and fiscal policy for Uzbekistan by constricting IS-curve for goods market and LM-curve for money market, simultaneously. For the both markets equilibrium interest rate is also determined. The results show that the variables are co integrated, that the variables have long-run or short-run equilibrium relationship between them. According to the empirical results, the long-run equilibrium interest rate for covered period was 22.0% for Uzbekistan, for the current period we recommend the equilibrium interest rate around 15%.
Synergetic Modeling of the Transportation Process in the Centers
Authors: Abdullayev A. , Gaffarov M.
Published: March 2020

The functioning of the transport system of the logistics center based on synergetic methods is investigating. The main provisions of synergetic useful for organizing the work of logistics centers are outlining. A model has been built to study the transportation process and the control parameter interval has been found to ensure the stable functioning of the transport network of the logistics center.
The Concept of Production Capacity and the Basic Types of Resources Used in Production
Authors: Giyosov U.
Published: March 2020

This article discusses the nature and content of the production potential, varieties of enterprise potentials, as well as ways to improve the efficiency of the production potential of production at the present stage. The methods and mechanisms of managing the production potential of enterprises, the ways to ensure the rational use of available resources in order to increase the efficiency of financial and economic activities of enterprises in the market are studied.
Evaluation of the Economic Efficiency of Measures to Reduce In-plant Noise
Authors: Balakina N. , Balakin A.
Published: March 2020

An assessment of the socio-economic aspects of the negative impact of noise on the human body is given. The procedure for calculating the expected annual economic efficiency of implementing measures to reduce in-plant noise is considered. The dependence of the risk of hearing damage on the equivalent noise level and duration of operation is given. The relationship between measures to reduce in-plant noise and economic losses of the enterprise is established.
Current Problems of Housing in Uzbekistan
Authors: Davletov I. , Mamanazarov O.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the dynamics of growth in housing construction, as well as the relevance of the demographic situation and investment in the prospects for its development. The data related to the expansion of mortgage lending and housing affordability for the population. The factors that should be considered when solving the housing problem of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan are determined. The authors use for analysis the laws and acts governing and administering housing construction and management.
Corruption Risks in Organizations Using Budget Financing. Anti-corruption Strategy Developed in Companies Facing the Threat of Corruption
Authors: Yusupova L. , Nakonechnaya T. , Shamanaeva O.
Published: March 2020

A study of the concept of corruption risks has been carried out. The definition of this concept and the legal regulation of corruption risk issues when the organization uses budget funds is given. The sequence of organizations' work in the direction of anti-corruption activities, which includes the stages of identifying corruption risks, is given; corruption risk management and anti-corruption strategy development.
The Program of Import Substitution in the Cable Industry
Authors: Yudina E.
Published: March 2020

The state’s desire in recent years to carry out activities to oust the Russian market of imported goods and various materials and equipment is a positive sign and significant step in the direction of transition of the Russian economy from commodity–monetary to real, based on deep processing of raw materials, but also restore previously lost technologies and the formation of new products and development on the basis of existing scientific and technical potential. Undoubtedly, this is of particular importance, especially in the military-industrial complex-not to be dependent on foreign components, materials and equipment, especially in the conditions of ongoing sanctions. This also applies to such industries as the cable industry, in which the scientific, technical and financial realities of implementing the import substitution policy in the cable industry are important, both on the part of the government and on the part of manufacturers themselves. The article presents the main problems of import substitution in the cable industry. The characteristic of the program and the main activities of EKZ JSC in the framework of import substitution of cable products are presented. Based on the results, a conclusion is made about the role of import substitution in the cable industry.
Analysis of the Production of Electricity in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Adylova E. , Tashpolotov Y. , Tokonova T.
Published: March 2020

This article provides a dynamic analysis of the volume of water accumulation in the Toktogul hydroelectric station, a variance analysis of the electricity production of the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as a dynamic analysis of electricity production. To analyze the trend of water accumulation, water volumes for twelve years were used. Using dynamic analysis, the deviation of the annual volume of water over 12 years is determined, and it deviates from the average annual level by 27.94%. The dynamic analysis method revealed that the production of electricity is unstable.
Role and Importance of Labor Potential in Construction Industry in the Modernization of the Economy of Uzbekistan
Authors: Khairova D.
Published: March 2020

In modern conditions, construction in Uzbekistan should provide an adequate response to two challenges: an increase in the volume of reconstruction of facilities and accelerated urbanization. This means a significant increase in the human capital requirements of construction organizations. The formation of adequate human capital requires the use of innovative methods. The human capital of the industry in a number of organizations is not able to ensure the modernization of the economy. It is advisable to form a qualitatively new system of sustainable development of human capital in the construction industry of Uzbekistan, using modern innovative methods and forms of management.
Philosophy of Reforms and State-Legal Building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Imankulov T.
Published: March 2020

The author analyzes the reasons for the failed reforms of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic for the entire time of the sovereignty of the Kyrgyz Republic and suggests examining the issues of state–legal construction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the proposed classic by this topic in Russia, Professor Yu. E. Avrutin’s philosophical plan: in line with axiology, epistemology and ontology. The author, based on a philosophical approach, concludes that at present the only normative document defining the main guidelines for reforming the Ministry of Internal Affairs is the 2012 National Security Concept of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Forensic Examination as a Condition for the Realization of the Right to a Fair Trial of a Civil Case
Authors: Kochetkova M. , Shumova K.
Published: March 2020

This article is devoted to forensic examination as a condition for the realization of the right to a fair trial of a civil case in the context of changing legal reality. The study of forensic examination as a form of using special knowledge in civil proceedings is relevant and promising. The article discusses the conditions and guarantees of the right to a fair trial, sets out the theoretical problems of forensic examination, the procedural procedure for the appointment and conduct of forensic examination in civil proceedings, features of the appointment of forensic examination for certain categories of civil cases.
Legality and Validity of the Sentence
Authors: Kadyrkulova A.
Published: March 2020

The article examines the legality and validity of the sentence. The author believes that the requirements of legality and validity are interrelated. An unsubstantiated sentence is also illegal, since the law requires it to be justified. Observance of due process of legal proceedings, correct application of the criminal law are the criteria not only of legality, but also of validity and fairness of the sentence. The article also makes a conclusion about the special place of validity and objectivity of the court’s verdict among its properties in view of the presumption of truth, the sentence that entered into legal force and its pre-judicial value.
Judicial System of Kyrgyzstan During the Period of Stay it is Part of the Kokand Khanate and the Russian Empire (XIX - Early XX Centuries)
Authors: Sopubekova N.
Published: March 2020

The article describes the characteristics of the judicial system of Kyrgyzstan in XIX - early XX century, the attention to a special role in the proceedings of people’s courts, examines features of government approach to the reform of the judicial system of the Republic in the periods of rule of the Kokand khanate and citizenship in the Russian Empire.
Institute of Criminal Liability of Legal Entities Under the Criminal Legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Salybekova T.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the Institute of criminal liability of legal entities under the criminal legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic. According to the author, the most important indicators of the effectiveness of the ongoing reforms in the Republic should be the completion of the judicial reform, increasing the independence and authority of the judiciary in protecting the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities. The Institute of criminal liability of legal entities will facilitate the adoption by legal entities of additional measures of corporate control over their officials of management bodies, thus solving the problem of crime prevention of legal entities.
Legal Framework for Organization and Activities in the Field of Digital Transformation in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Ryspaeva G.
Published: March 2020

In the article, the author examines the state of the legal framework of the organization and activities in the field of digital transformation in Kyrgyzstan. According to the author, in order to create a favorable political and regulatory environment that promotes innovation, development of infrastructure and services, information and communication technologies in the digital economy, strengthening communication and cooperation with other sectors, taking into account the intersectoral nature of digital technologies, and requires timely improvement of legislative acts on a permanent and continuous basis. The author aims to investigate the impact of digital transformation on improving the regulatory framework, highlighting new advantages and threats associated with the use of digital technologies in legal practice.
Criminal Responsibilities Adolescents and Features of Punishment System
Authors: Palvanov I.
Published: March 2020

This article provides information on juvenile justice and correctional work, restriction of liberty, and mandatory community service. There are general social measures for the prevention of adolescent’s delinquency, special criminological measures for the prevention of conditionally convicted adolescents, as well as special preventive measures for this category of minors.
Cultural and Historical Attitudes of Students of Humanitarian and Technical Specializations
Authors: Nemtsov A.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the study of cultural and historical attitudes of students. The attitudes of students to the period of existence, causes and consequences of the collapse of the USSR as the main topic are investigated. The study used two versions of the questionnaire developed for this purpose: an abbreviated one, containing 14 questions and expanded version based on it, containing 50 questions. The expanded version of the questionnaire in particular allowed to obtain data on students perception of the problem of the existence of the people as a cultural and historical phenomenon, the problem of the existence of sovereign countries, democracy, the possibility of creating a union world state and a number of others. The article presents the results concerning the connection of cultural and historical attitudes of students with their socio-demographic characteristics.
The Paradigm of Corporate Governance in Universities: The Ground Research for Models of Education Modernization in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Khasanov A.
Published: March 2020

The article provides a comparative analysis of existing corporate governance models in developed countries in order to find an adaptive model for the republic. The realities of governance practice, the goals and challenges in Uzbekistan are considered. Further, an overview of the modern paradigms of university governance is made, in the context of using the experience of foreign universities for the possible implementation of corporate governance and proposed to use a conceptual approach based on the insider model of corporate governance of the university.
Teaching Through Discourse
Authors: Kertaeva Z.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the role of discourse in foreign language teaching by studying previous investigations in the field of discourse analysis and communicative approach–based language teaching. Moreover, it presents an analysis of some authentic examples of target language use to prove the role of discourse to prevent possible miscommunication.
The Value of Teaching Practice in the Training of Qualified Personnel in the Field of Preschool Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Mahkamova M.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses current issues on the organization of teaching practice in the training of qualified specialists in the field of preschool education of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Also about the value of teaching practice in the formation of special competence of students in the process of solving professional problems in the context of the real pedagogical process of a preschool educational institution.
Sports in Nonscholastic Organization of Supplementary Education
Authors: Chelpakova S.
Published: March 2020

In recent years, the sports direction in the activities of Nonscholastic Organizations of Supplementary Education has become widespread. Characteristic is the fact that all of them without exception achieve good results.
On Implementation of Digital Technologies in the Psychology of Management
Authors: Holmamatova L.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the problem of introducing digital technologies into the educational process of higher education. Psychological reasons for resisting innovations are analyzed, as well as the historical prerequisites for this phenomenon. The psychological and organizational features of higher education transition to the new stage of its development are scrutinized. The digital model as a new stage of higher education development includes the creation of the electronic information and educational environment, in particular, on the course the Psychology of Management, the introduction of electronic online courses into the practice of educating students. Using the example of implementation innovations into the educational process of an educational organization, the result of the implementation of the general trend towards digitalization of educational field is shown. Its main stages are outlined, the key implementation stages are highlighted, and recommendations are given.
Socialization of Child in a Digital Society
Authors: Sek N. , Kakadiy I.
Published: March 2020

The socialization of the child in modern society. The main aspects affecting the formation of the personality of the younger generation are analyzed.
Features of the Organization of Cognitive Experience of Children of Preschool Age
Authors: Ivanova V. , Kravchenko O.
Published: March 2020

Cognitive experience is one of the substructures of mental experience, which gained a lot of interest recently due to the understanding that the intellectual potential of people is the basis for the progressive development of society. Usually, the concept of experience is addressed during the analysis (or characterization) of mature forms of intelligence. Experience from a peripheral object turns into one of the basic categories of psychology and in difficult conditions of activity can act as a source of knowledge based on the mechanism of intuition. A modern understanding of developmental psychology has shown that the infant is already endowed with the ability to structure and organize the world, and without reliance on its unconscious constructs, it is difficult to understand the development of thinking and the human intellectual sphere. The features of the organization of the cognitive experience of preschoolers based on the model of intelligence where in its hierarchical structure cognitive experience acts as the initial level, over which two others are then built up — metacognitive and intentional, which characterize the structure of intelligence as a whole.
Theoretical Basis for the Formation of a Program of Additional Education for Doctors
Authors: Ashimov I. , Abdurakhmonov Sh.
Published: March 2020

The new concept of a systemically responsible increase in the level of an individual’s scientific and philosophical culture is based on the dynamic three-phase nature of the main elements of the triad of the scientific and cognitive component (popularization of science, conceptualization of science, philosophization of science), which ultimately determines the context of the scientific and philosophical culture, and which is a generalized theoretical principle explaining the essence of the regular reflexive-recursive processuality and dialogicity of formation and cyclic development scientific world outlook culture.
Unconscious Attitude as Psychological Determinant at School Age
Authors: Adykulov A.
Published: March 2020

The article shows the results of a theoretical and experimental research on the study of an unconscious attitude at school age. The given data shows that educational activities and systematic long-term sports activities at school age improve the process of differentiation of the subject’s attitude, transforming a static attitude into a dynamic one. An unconscious attitude, acting as a psychological determinant, affects the success of educational activities and the sportsmanship of athletes and schoolchildren. Formed psychological determinants of the unconscious sphere in the development of the personality of schoolchildren, act as psychological factors and conditions (independent variable) that affect the success of educational activities and sportsmanship.
Levels of the Unconscious: Instincts, Archetypes, Unconscious Attitude
Authors: Adykulov A.
Published: March 2020

The article shows the role of instincts, archetypes, an unconscious attitude as the content of the unconscious sphere, and also identifies correlation and the relationship between them. The problem: to find ways of influencing culture on unconscious psychological determinants is also solved. Three levels of the unconscious have been distinguished, each level of which is inaccessible to consciousness and has its own nature of formation and affects the behavior and consciousness of the individual, where the relationship between these components of the unconscious plays a dominant role. From deep levels of the unconscious to awareness, formation of the meaning and behavior of the individual, an unconscious psychological determinant (instincts, archetypes, unconscious attitudes) and the relationships between them play a major role.
Cultural and Ethnic Features of Udege People’s Experiences in Extreme Situations
Authors: Kabanova P.
Published: March 2020

This article discusses the definition of an extreme situation, its parameters and features, as well as the impact on the psychoemotional state of a person. The changes that can occur in a person's mental activity, in particular at the cognitive, emotional and behavioral levels, are described under the influence of not only personal factors, but also cultural characteristics, as well as individual life experience. On the example of the Udege ethnic group, ethnicity is considered as a factor of influence on human behavior in an extreme situation. Detailed consideration of this issue allows us to determine the degree of influence of ethnicity on behavior in an extreme situation and pay attention to the need to take into account cultural and ethnic characteristics when performing professional activities by psychologists in an extreme situation. The analysis of research is carried out, which allows us to identify the overall psychological characteristics of the Udege people, which were formed under the influence of cultural and moral - ethnic norms and values characteristic of these representatives of the Tungus-Manchu ethnic group. In particular, the features of ritual actions and rites were considered, as a characteristic of religious beliefs, moral and ethnic bases of interaction between representatives of the ethnic group. Features of everyday life features of gender distribution of roles, bases of marriage relations, bases of child-parent relations and characteristics of education. These features of cultural and ethnic values are considered as conditions that affect a person's behavioral response in an extreme situation and allow us to create a General psychological portrait of the Udege ethnic group, on the basis of which it becomes possible to make assumptions about the possible reactions of Udege people in an extreme situation.
Ethno-Cultural and Psychological Features of Azerbaijanians Experiences in Extreme Situations
Authors: Zhdanova A.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the representatives of the Azerbaijanian ethnic group. Moral–ethical foundations of interaction within the Azerbaijanian ethnic group, gender norms in ethnic culture, features of parent–child relationships, and psychological characteristics of representatives of a given people were described. Also, based on cultural and ethnic features, assumptions were made regarding possible options for experiencing extreme situations.
Formation of Counselor’s Psychological Readiness for Work in a Children’s Recreation Camp
Authors: Nazarova A. , Ivanov D.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of the counselor’s psychological readiness formation program for work in a children’s recreation camp. It is shown that the problem of the formation of psychological readiness of counselors to work in a children’s recreation camp has not been adequately studied. The description of the experimental work on the formation of the psychological readiness of counselors to work in a children's recreation camp is given. Psychological diagnostic techniques are described, which allow one to study such professionally important qualities of a camp counselor as neuropsychic stability, communication skills and organizational skills, tolerance, and leadership qualities. The structure and content of the psychological and pedagogical program for the formation of counselor’s psychological readiness for work is described. The analysis of the effectiveness of the program. The effectiveness of the program in the formation of leadership qualities and organizational abilities of future counselors is shown. Promising tasks of further psychological and pedagogical research are outlined, among which the introduction of the program in the educational process of universities of pedagogical profile.
Communication Problems in an Extended Objective-virtual Space
Authors: Makeev S.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the identification of problems of social communication, due to the extended objective-virtual reality. The problems of stereotyped mental activity, the loss of individuality and the transformation of the traditional concept of authority are analyzed. Directions for possible correction of problems have been indicated.
Parallelism Between the Main Paradigms for Forming a Scientific and Cognitive Strategy and a Scientific-World-Viewed Culture
Authors: Ashimov I. , Abdurakhmonov Sh.
Published: March 2020

To trace the parallelism between the main paradigms of the formation of the scientific-cognitive strategy and scientific–world–viewed culture. The traditional model of cognition does not meet modern requirements, and therefore, within the framework of the Post-nonclassical Science Strategy, there is a need for a radical restructuring of the cognitive strategy and its transition to a completely different level of methodology. The triad system A, B, C is a more spectacular scientific-cognitive system, the feature of which is the effective replenishment of knowledge of different levels and values (triad A, B, C), as a necessary condition for increasing scientific–world–viewed culture level. Each of them (triad A, B, C) does not cease to be an element of the initial integrity of the cognitive process. The regularity of the relationship of the triad A, B, C are important prerequisites for the progressive, consistent formation and development of scientific–world–viewed culture. As a result of the introduction of the concept, the technology of cognitive activity is changing at the social and individual levels. Thanks to the Idea, the provisions of the state, public and individual policies regarding the triad A, B, C and, in general, the problem of the formation of scientific–world–viewed culture are changing to one degree or another.
Foreign Trade Relations of the Khanate of Bukhara
Authors: Juraev B.
Published: March 2020

In Bukhara Khanate, which has a history of about 250 years, had also done a number of trade activities. By the second half of the 16th century, the Kazan and Astrakhan Khanates joined the Russian state. As the border of this state approached Central Asia, the trade relations between the Bukhara, Balkh, Khiva khanates and Russia were strengthened and permanent relationship developed. Bukhara officials send ambassadors several times to Russia in order to benefit their traders.
Missionary Activity of the Russian Orthodox Church at the End of the XIX - the Beginning of the XX Centuries in Central Asia
Authors: Atajanova S.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the history of the missionary influence of representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church in the late XIX — early XX centuries in Central Asia. Based on scientific materials, the author characterizes the tasks, methods, organization features and the results of the missionary work of the Russian Orthodox Church in Central Asia.
History of Formation of the Armenian Diaspora in Uzbekistan and Its Contribution to the Socio-Economic Transformation of the Country
Authors: Dalakian J.
Published: March 2020

This article is dedicated to the history of formation of the Armenian diaspora in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its contribution to the socio–economic transformation of the country. Major attention in the article is paid to legal aspects of ethnic politics, provision equal opportunities of developing all the people inhabiting Uzbekistan. Special attention is paid to the establishment and development of national cultural centers that promote indigenous culture and traditions, contacting with their historical homeland, on the example of the Armenian diaspora.
History of Surkhan Oasis Trade Relations in the Press Periodicals
Authors: Begalieva M.
Published: March 2020

In the article analyses information in the press periodicals about geographical location, climate, irrigation potential, agricultural production, agricultural trade, activities of primary industrial enterprises of Surkhan oasis in the period of the Russian Empire
Activities of Workers of the Surkhandarya Region to Strengthen the Rear During the Second World War
Authors: Toshov K.
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the specific archival material and shows the dedicated work of working people of Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan to strengthen the rear during the Second World War. Courage and patience among people have become the main source of approaching Victory Day. For during the war no one sat idle in idleness, people worked shoulder to shoulder, together, helping each other on the machines, in the fields, not knowing peace, fatigue, day and night, for heat and cold. Thanks to their dedicated work, the powerful economic foundation of victory was laid.
Angels and Demons Novel - a Milestone in Dan Brown’s Creative Work
Authors: Muratova E. , Pulatova D.
Published: March 2020

Nowadays the genres eclecticism is so widespread that it is sometimes impossible to identify to which genre a work belongs. This situation, in turn, is reflected in the blurring of the frontiers between Highbrow and Lowbrow literature. Moreover, there are novels that contain some elements of Pulp fiction, and yet they do not belong to this type of literature. This situation is particularly topical with the works that open a series of sequels exploring the same theme or featuring the same protagonist, like the novel under our investigation. This research has proved that this novel contains artistic merit and cannot be referred to as Pop culture product, repeating the same stamp. Furthermore, we traced how the author’s concept of the archetypal notions of Angels and Demons was reflected in the novel. Thus, these results have been reached by implementing biographical approach in considering the writer’s literary career; historical approach in analyzing inaccuracies in depiction of the historical events; and mythological in tracing the reflection of the novelist’s archetypal concept. The benefits of this study include changing attitude to the literary heritage of the author and drawing more attention of scholars to the given novel.
How to Write a CV
Authors: Khojakulova N.
Published: March 2020

An introductory enterprise letter is meant to make a very good effect with an ability customer. Writing a letter to introduce your business to someone entails shifting the focal point on your correspondent engaging his or her interest, and launching a conversation, as opposed to a lecture.
The History of the Manuscript’s Collections by Moldo Niyaz
Authors: Akynbekova A.
Published: March 2020

The issue of the existence of Kyrgyz literature and literary language prior the Soviet period has not yet been resolved and still remains an open topic for discussion. There is no nation without a writing system, the history; the past and experience of folk are presented to the next generation through written system. This paper provides information about the formation stages of Kyrgyz literature and literary language, written works, documents and letters written in one of the Turkic languages — Kyrgyz in the pre-Soviet period, especially in the XVIII–XIX centuries. Also, in this paper there are an assessment of ideas, criticism and opinions of Kyrgyz culture researches about Kyrgyz written system such as: A. Kanymetov, S. S. Danyarov, philologists turkologists: I. A. Batmanov, K. K. Yudakhin, S. E. Malov, V. M. Ploskikh, E. Tenishev, A. Nallo, B. M. Yunusaliev, S. K. Kudaibergenov and Kh. K. Karasaev. In this study we attempted to determine the creation dates of some written works found today. The found documents and manuscripts, relating to the middle of the XIX century, create more opportunities for linguistics’ study, for ideas and suggestions on the status of the Kyrgyz language as being Turkic of almost sesquicentennial prescription. We tried to provide the most information on the topics of study and collection of works, characterized as the most significant documents of Moldo Niyaz — one of the first representatives of ‘zhazgych akyn’s’ (reading and chronicling improvising poets). The fact that the turkologists linguists did not carry out the necessary works and did not present documentary evidence of the Kyrgyz written language results to the opinion of non-existence of Kyrgyz written language, thus literary language. However, to the present day the activities of collection of the original manuscript’s copies of ‘zhazgych akyn’s’ important representatives among the public, a compilation of manuscripts, and their linguistic studies are still ignored. This kind of work will be a valuable and useful resource for large text research in the field of hermeneutics.
Chagatai Writing Used by Kyrgyz in the XIX Century (Based on the Manuscripts by Poet Moldo Niyaz)
Authors: Akynbekova A.
Published: March 2020

This article were noted investigates the features of Chagatai writing, used as in most Turkic peoples of Central Asia, in business papers, letters, manuscripts of the pre-revolutionary period, on the examples of the manuscript of the famous representative of the writing akyns of Moldo Niyaz in XIX–XX century. As a result, was written some difficulties at reading the manuscript of Chagatai language. Thus, it is concluded that despite the difficulties in reading the manuscript and shortcomings that cannot reveal the phonetic features of the Kyrgyz language, Chagatai language has played a significant role in the development of culture, the emergence of the primary sources of our history, culture, literature and language of our time, the revival of the great heritage of great personalities. In relation to this issue, were taken different opinions and critical views of scientists.
Contribution of the Founder of the Kyrgyz Lexicography K. Tynystanov to the Development of the Literary Language (on Archival Materials 1930-37)
Authors: Koshueva M.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the manuscript of Kasym Tynystanov dictionaries, as the founder of Kyrgyz lexicography, which date back to 1937 and his contribution to the history of the literary language. The necessity of scientific research of K. Tynystanov dictionaries (relating to various branches of science) stored in archives is noted. The study of the lexical richness of the Kyrgyz language is important in determining its place among the Turkic languages. Manuscripts are also a reflection of the economic and cultural development of the country in the historical period.
Phonostylistics is the Science of Studying the Sound Composition of Literary Text
Authors: Alymbaeva Z.
Published: March 2020

This research is purposed to define a nature of phonostylistic features in literary texts, to offer a scientific explanation for particularities and matter, meaning, place and role of language features with phonostylistic connotation.
Use of Stylistic Coloring in Literary Text (Based on Works A. Osmonov)
Authors: Alymbaeva Z. , Baizakova N.
Published: March 2020

This research has aim to determine the nature of stylistic means in texts of outstanding poet A. Osmonov give a scientific explanation of the features and essence, value, place and role of language tools with stylistic coloring.
Terminological Dictionary: Concept, Functions and Structure
Authors: Amanalieva G.
Published: March 2020

Functions and structure of terminological dictionary are exposed in the article. A dictionary as the systematized list of the socialized language forms, taken from ordinary speech of certain language community and described by a compiler so, that a reader can understand maintenance of every separately taken language form and obtain information about the facts related to functioning of this form in this language community is presented here.
Drafting of Dictionary: Conceptual Model, Stages, Functioning
Authors: Amanalieva G.
Published: March 2020

The stages of drafting of dictionary: treatment of information generators for a dictionary; preparation of initial card index; preparation of project of dictionary (instructions for compilers); writing and editing of dictionary; set, make-up and edition of book; bringing of additions, correction of errors with the purpose of preparation of next editions are described in the article. A dictionary is presented as a many planned independent system with numerous intracommunications, micro– and by macrolevels.
Language Tools Expressing the Semantics of Simple Repeatability of Action in the Kyrgyz Language
Authors: Sharsheeva K.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with situations of simple repetition of action, commonness in the Kyrgyz and some Turkic languages. The simple repeatability of an action is one of the aspectual–temporal meanings of temporary non-localization. Repeatability of the action is associated with an assessment of what is repeated regularly or irregularly, as going beyond a specific episode. Based on the content of theoretical questions, corresponding illustrative materials were given.
Modeling of transient luminous events in Earth’s middle atmosphere with apokamp discharge
Authors: Sosnin E A , Babaeva N Yu , Kozhevnikov V Yu , Kozyrev A V , Naidis G V , Panarin V A , Skakun V S , Tarasenko V F
Published: March 2020

We describe the recently discovered phenomenon of the formation of an extended luminous structure at the bend of the channel of a high-voltage pulse discharge. It is called the apokamp (from the Greek words απó — ‘from’ and κάμπη — ‘bend’), and the discharge as a whole is referred to as apokampic. In the course of experimental and theoretical studies, it is shown that the apokamp is a narrow streamer channel that propagates at a characteristic speed of tens to hundreds of km/s, depending on the applied voltage, pressure, and gas type. The necessary conditions for apokamp formation are established. The apokamp discharge is used for laboratory studies of conditions for the formation of blue jets and red sprites — large-scale transient luminous events (transients) observed in Earth’s atmosphere above areas with thunderstorm activity. The revealed signs of similarity between apokamps and blue jets are described. The proposed experimental setup can also be used for meaningful testing of hypotheses about the conditions of formation of transients in Earth’s atmosphere and in the atmospheres of other planets.
Invitation to Letter to Editor Publication in Health Notions
Authors: Ackah David , Polnok Sanglar
Published: March 2020

"Health Notions" is open to various types of scientific writings such as: original research, literature review, book review, commentary, opinion, news, case report, communication, tips, letter to editor and so on. But until now, there has never been a manuscript submission in the form of letter to editor. Therefore, through this paper we invite lecturers and researchers to send letters to editors to be published in this journal. The contents of the letter to editor for "Health Notions" are criticisms or suggestions for one of the articles that have been published in this journal.

Keywords: Health Notions; letter to editor; criticisms; suggestions
Development of Stunting Prevention Behavior Model Based on Health Promotion Model and Social Capital in The Magetan District
Authors: Suharto Agung , Wildan Moh. , Handayani Tinuk Esti
Published: March 2020

Background, stunting was a chronic malnutrition problem that is caused by a lack of nutrition in a long time due to food that is not in accordance with nutritional needs. The purpose was to prove the development of a health promotion model and social capital in improving the behavior of mothers of to toddlers in stunting prevention. Method, phase 1 were cross sectional, with multistage sampling, size 300 people. Exogenous variables were health promotion model and social capital, endogenous variables: stunting prevention behavior. Phase 2 were quasy experiment, sample size 100 people were 2 groups: intervention and control. Data analysis: univariate and multivariate: CFA and SEM and T Test. Results and discussion: phase 1 were significant value of T Value> 1.96, namely prior related behavior, personal factor, perceived self efficacy, Activity Related Affect.. Social capital variables significant was participation. Stage 2, intervention mean was higher than control. Independent T Test post test of the intervention and control groups with results p = 0.00 (p
Comparison of Chinese Broiler Production Systems in Economic Performance and Animal Welfare
Authors: Chen Qichang , W. Saatkamp Helmut , Cortenbach Jan , Jin Weidong
Published: March 2020

Both proper animal welfare and economic benefit are important to the broiler industry, so it is better to consider these two factors together. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between economic benefit and animal welfare in different production systems of white-feathered broilers in China. Based on the Welfare Quality Assessment (WQA) protocol for poultry, the authors compared and evaluated the results of the Welfare Quality model (WQM) and the deterministic model. The present study conducted welfare evaluations and investigations on 66 broiler chicken flocks on 52 farms in China. These flocks included three types: the net floor system (NFS), the normal cage system (NCS), and the high standard cage system (HCS). In terms of economy, the results were in line with high economic input, high output, and high profit. In terms of animal welfare assessment, the authors calculated the welfare scores per measure and the attributional WQ scores and WQ index scores of each production systems. The results showed that nine welfare measures from four welfare criteria presented different trends in the three production systems. WQ index scores were 778.24 ± 29.45, 691.09 ± 32.97, and 669.82 ± 22.79, respectively. According to Chow test results, significant differences were found between WQ index scores and total cost and profit (all p < 0.01). In conclusion, with the development of white-feathered broiler production in China, from the conventional system to the latest system, both cost and economic profit have been increased, but the welfare score has been decreased.
A Review on the Fate of Nutrients and Enhancement of Energy Recovery from Rice Straw through Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Muhayodin Furqan , Fritze Albrecht , Rotter Vera Susanne
Published: March 2020

Open field burning and tilling the rice straw (RS) back into the fields causes environmental threats by contributing to the increased greenhouse gas emissions. Energy and nutrient recovery from RS through anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective solution for its utilization. Although RS has good methane potential, its characteristics make it a difficult substrate for AD. This paper reviews the characteristics of RS, mass balance, and distribution of nutrients into liquid and solid digestate in the AD. The present review also discusses the effect of temperature, co-digestion, mixing, inoculum, organic loading rate, recycling liquid digestate, the addition of trace elements, and their bioavailability on the enhancement of biogas/methane yield in the AD of RS. In addition, the digestion of RS at various scales is also covered in the review.
Weighted Mutual Information for Aggregated Kernel Clustering
Authors: Kachouie Nezamoddin N. , Shutaywi Meshal
Published: March 2020

Background: A common task in machine learning is clustering data into different groups based on similarities. Clustering methods can be divided in two groups: linear and nonlinear. A commonly used linear clustering method is K-means. Its extension, kernel K-means, is a non-linear technique that utilizes a kernel function to project the data to a higher dimensional space. The projected data will then be clustered in different groups. Different kernels do not perform similarly when they are applied to different datasets. Methods: A kernel function might be relevant for one application but perform poorly to project data for another application. In turn choosing the right kernel for an arbitrary dataset is a challenging task. To address this challenge, a potential approach is aggregating the clustering results to obtain an impartial clustering result regardless of the selected kernel function. To this end, the main challenge is how to aggregate the clustering results. A potential solution is to combine the clustering results using a weight function. In this work, we introduce Weighted Mutual Information (WMI) for calculating the weights for different clustering methods based on their performance to combine the results. The performance of each method is evaluated using a training set with known labels. Results: We applied the proposed Weighted Mutual Information to four data sets that cannot be linearly separated. We also tested the method in different noise conditions. Conclusions: Our results show that the proposed Weighted Mutual Information method is impartial, does not rely on a single kernel, and performs better than each individual kernel specially in high noise.