bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Methods from Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein Secreted by Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Promotes Peritumoral Fibrosis
Authors: Verma Surbhi , Giagnocavo Stephanie D. , Curtin Meghan C. , Arumugam Menusha , Osburn-Staker Sandra M. , Wang Guoying , Atkinson Aaron , Nix David A. , Lum David H. , Cox James E. , Hilgendorf Keren I.
Published: September 2024

Additional Materials and Methods
Supplementary Figure 4 from A Kinome-Wide Synthetic Lethal CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals That mTOR Inhibition Prevents Adaptive Resistance to CDK4/CDK6 Blockade in HNSCC
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Koshizuka Keiichi , Ando Toshinori , Izumi Hiroki , Wu Xingyu , Sato Kuniaki , Ishikawa Tomohiko , Ford Kyle , Feng Xiaodong , Wang Zhiyong , Arang Nadia , Allevato Michael M. , Kishore Ayush , Mali Prashant , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: September 2024

Combination therapy with INK128 and palbociclib is effective against HNSCC xenograft
Table S2 from p53R172H and p53R245W Hotspot Mutations Drive Distinct Transcriptomes in Mouse Mammary Tumors Through a Convergent Transcriptional Mediator
Authors: McDaniel Joy M. , Morrissey Rhiannon L. , Dibra Denada , Patel Lalit R. , Xiong Shunbin , Zhang Yun , Chau Gilda P. , Su Xiaoping , Qi Yuan , El-Naggar Adel K. , Lozano Guillermina
Published: September 2024

Summary of Hallmarks enriched in MaPR172H/- mammary tumors compared to MaP/- mammary tumors.
Development and Validation of Quadri Condition Dichotic Double Word Test in Kannada
Authors: Dsouza Sweedal Chrystal , Jyotsna C.S. , Rohith K. , Yashu M.A. , Bhat Mayur
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Dichotic listening (DL) is a test where auditory stimuli are presented simultaneously to each ear. DL has clinical applications in assessing APD, schizophrenia, and brain injury. It is sensitive to hemisphere differences and has been used to study language lateralization. The study aimed to develop, validate, and establish norms for a Quadri condition Dichotic Double Word Test (free recall, forced right, forced left, and switch attention) in the Kannada language (DDWT-K). Methods: This study was carried out in two phases. Phase 1 aimed to develop and validate the DDWT-K and phase 2 involved data collection. The developed novel dichotic test was administered on 100 normal-hearing adults in four conditions – free recall, forced right, forced left, and switch attention. Results: The results showed significant ear differences in free recall condition indicating right ear advantage. The switch attention condition showed slightly poorer performance when compared to both the forced attention condition indicating greater task difficulty. The test-retest reliability was above 0.7 for all the conditions indicating good reliability. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated the best preservation of the original dichotic effects and hence ready for clinical use.
Phalangipus somnathensis sp. nov. (Decapoda, Brachyura, Epialtidae) a new species of spider crab from India, Arabian Sea, with a key to the species of Phalangipus Latreille, 1828
Authors: Sureandiran B. , Karuppasamy K. , Suyani N. K.
Published: September 2024

A new species of spider crab is described based on a single specimen collected from the Veraval fishing harbour, Gujarat, north-west coast of India, Arabian Sea. Globally nine species of spider crabs were reported of which four, Phalangipus filiformis, P. hystrix, P. indicus and P. longipes were documented from Indian waters. The new species, P. somnathensis sp. nov. differs from most species of the genus, based on the presence of blunt spines over the lateral & dorsal margin of the carapace, by the intestinal region being produced into a sharp spine, and by possessing a unique shape of male pleopod, i.e., branched into two lobes distally. The newly discovered species is compared with its congeners.
Effects of zinc-supplemented diets on growth, survival, and immune responses of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata)
Authors: Ilham I. , Fatimatuzzakhra F. , Sunarno Mas Tri Djoko , Novriadi Romi
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn)-supplemented diets on the growth, survival, and immunological indices of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Four experimental diets were prepared and offered, which were: a non-supplemented basal diet (T1), a diet supplemented with organic Zn at 10 mg/kg (T2), a diet supplemented with organic Zn at 15 mg Zn/kg (T3), and a diet supplemented with inorganic Zn at 45 mg/kg (T4). In the 30-day feeding trial, specific growth rate, weight gain, and survival were significantly higher in shrimp fed T3 diets than in those fed T1 or T2. There were no significant differences in total haemocyte counts observed among the juvenile P. vannamei treated with Zn diets. In addition, dietary Zn supplementation significantly increased phagocytic activity of juvenile P. vannamei. Overall, these results indicate that appropriate dietary Zn has beneficial effects on growth, survival, and immune responses of juvenile Pacific white shrimp.
Redefining Spectral Data Analysis with Immersive Analytics: Exploring Domain-Shifted Model Spaces for Optimal Model Selection
Authors: Peper Jordan M.J. , Kalivas John H.
Published: September 2024

Modern developments in autonomous chemometric machine learning technology strive to relinquish the need for human intervention. However, such algorithms developed and used in chemometric multivariate calibration and classification applications exclude crucial expert insight when difficult and safety-critical analysis situations arise, e.g., spectral-based medical decisions such as noninvasively determining if a biopsy is cancerous. The prediction accuracy and interpolation capabilities of autonomous methods for new samples depend on the quality and scope of their training (calibration) data. Specifically, analysis patterns within target data not captured by the training data will produce undesirable outcomes. Alternatively, using an immersive analytic approach allows insertion of human expert judgment at key machine learning algorithm junctures forming a sensemaking process performed in cooperation with a computer. The capacity of immersive virtual reality (IVR) environments to render human comprehensible three-dimensional space simulating real-world encounters, suggests its suitability as a hybrid immersive human–computer interface for data analysis tasks. Using IVR maximizes human senses to capitalize on our instinctual perception of the physical environment, thereby leveraging our innate ability to recognize patterns and visualize thresholds crucial to reducing erroneous outcomes. In this first use of IVR as an immersive analytic tool for spectral data, we examine an integrated IVR real-time model selection algorithm for a recent model updating method that adapts a model from the original calibration domain to predict samples from shifted target domains. Using near-infrared data, analyte prediction errors from IVR-selected models are reduced compared to errors using an established autonomous model selection approach. Results demonstrate the viability of IVR as a human data analysis interface for spectral data analysis including classification problems.
The Ideological and Theoretical Positionality of Situational Crime Prevention in Criminology
Authors: Freilich Joshua D. , Greene-Colozzi Emily A.
Published: September 2024

Situational crime prevention (SCP) is one of criminology’s more misunderstood theoretical perspectives, despite it being widely implemented in the practice of criminal justice. Since its introduction some critics have alleged that SCP is theoretically weak, oppositional to traditional criminology (TC), ideologically conservative and a tool of the powerful. The repercussions of these beliefs can be seen across different dimensions of academia, from basic criminological pedagogy to theory critique and development. We argue that these allegations are misperceptions stemming from core misunderstandings of SCP, and the related rational choice perspective (RCP). Rather than being fundamentally different from TC, SCP, and the RCP are well-positioned for rich theoretical integration with an array of traditional theories, including learning, control, strain, and other theories.
Performance of Circular Economy-focused Organisations in the Stock Market and its Societal Impact
Authors: Maiti Moinak , Kayal Parthajit
Published: September 2024

The circular economy-focused organisations are units that function under the principles of the circular economy. This study demonstrates the societal impacts of the circular economy-focused organisations in the stock market with respect to a range of social, economic and environmental issues of sustainable development goals (SDGs). The higher influx of capital flow from the stock market by investing in these circular economy-focused organisations will allow the organisations to scale up their operations, spend more on innovative practices and develop more sustainable practices. That, in turn, leads to a positive societal impact by reducing overall resource consumption, waste generation, environmental degradation and unemployment. Thus, the performance of circular economy-focused organisations in the stock market can have direct and indirect impacts on multiple SDGs.

JEL Codes: G10, R11
Finite time pinning function projective synchronization control of complex networks with time-varying delay
Authors: Rong Wen-tao , Wei Qiang
Published: September 2024

Finite time control and finite time function projective synchronization for complex networks are studied in this paper. The complex networks with time-varying delay and function projective synchronization are achieved in finite time. The method of pinning control is used to achieve the finite time projective synchronization. A few target nodes are chosen to finish pinning function projective synchronization in a finite time by construct a time-dependent Lyapunov function. An example is provided to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Investigation of perceived parental attitude in children exposed to sexual abuse: A case-control study
Authors: Bayrak Nurten Gülsüm , Emirza Elif Güzide , Uzun Sevda
Published: September 2024

Background:

The enduring impact of children being subjected to sexual abuse is characterized by lasting traumatic effects.

Aims:

This study aims to assess the influence of perceived parental attitudes on the incidence of sexual abuse in children who have experienced such abuse, comparing them with a control group.

Methods:

The research took place at the Child Advocacy Center (CAC) of a hospital in northern Turkey and in the pediatric outpatient clinics of the same institution. The study evaluated 101 children who were exposed to sexual abuse and 100 children who were not. Data collection took place between November 2022 and August 2023. The study employed a ‘Descriptive Information Form’ and the ‘Parental Attitude Scale’ for both case and control groups. The t-test for independent samples, descriptive statistics, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis.

Results:

Analysis of scores from the Parental Attitude Scale revealed significantly lower mean scores in acceptance-involvement and strictness-supervision in the case group ( p < .05). The mean scores for ‘acceptance-involvement’ ( X¯ = 22.82 ± 6.26, X¯ = 25.71 ± 3.89) were highest in the case and control groups. Neglectful attitude (38.6%) was more prevalent in the case group, while the control group exhibited a higher frequency of democratic attitude (37%). In terms of predictors, acceptance-involvement ( OR = 1.091, p = .005) and maternal employment ( OR = 4.410, p < .001) were identified as the most significant predictors of exposed to sexual abuse. The study’s Cronbach’s alpha value for the scale was α = .743.

Conclusion:

The study’s findings on parental attitudes suggest a potential connection between children’s exposure to sexual abuse and inadequate parental acceptance, involvement, supervision, and control.
Generative AI Beyond the Hype—New Technologies in the Face of Organizing and Organizations
Authors: Kronblad Charlotta , Jonsson Anna , Pemer Frida
Published: September 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) challenges creative efforts and work that build on expertise. Since GAI has the ability to generate content that can be easily confused with human output, it puts professionals and their organizations at risk. We explore how professional service firms (PSFs) (in law, architecture, and auditing) react to this new technology and what it has entailed for them. We show that GAI has not been perceived as a threat, but these professionals have rather embraced the new technology. However, actual results of GAI initiatives remain to be seen. Also, concerns have been raised that GAI comes with an opportunity cost, as other potentially more suitable and profitable technologies are overlooked. Building on insights from our case study, we highlight several issues that need to be further explored. Ideas for a future research agenda, as well as practical advise for how to put GAI into use, are outlined.
The Abolition of ‘Discharge By Operation of Law’ – patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983
Authors: Andoh Benjamin
Published: September 2024

Ever since patients started to be admitted into mental institutions, absconding from such institutions has been a fact of life. Also, clear statutory authority to retake absconders has existed since county asylums, the forerunners of today's mental hospitals, started to be built following the County Asylums Act 1808. At present section 37 of the Mental Health Act 1983 concerns patients detained under a hospital order without restrictions on their discharge, etc. Section 3 of the Act, on the other hand, governs patients who are non-offenders but who are compulsorily detained in hospital for treatment. In the past, where a detained patient absconded from hospital and stayed at large beyond the period during which he could be retaken, he was deemed automatically discharged (i.e. ‘discharged by operation of law’). Regarding sections 3 and 37 patients, such discharge was effectively abolished by the Mental Health (Patients in the Community) Act 1995. Not much attention has been given to this topic in the literature. This article adopts a solely legal perspective. It looks briefly at when the power to retake absconders from mental hospitals may be exercised and then examines the concept of discharge by operation of law and its abolition. It concludes that the abolition of discharge by operation of law in the case of patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983 was, though long-overdue, sensible and must be applauded.
Facility Improvement in a Thai Prison through Decentralized Management and Alternative Funding
Authors: Lawanyawatna Sunaree , Schoch Martin
Published: September 2024

Thai correctional institutions face budget constraints that hinder facility improvements. This study proposes a decentralized management approach using in-kind donations rather than central funding. The strategy includes partnering with manufacturers for rejected but usable materials and reusing excess construction materials from nearby projects. Benefits include tax breaks, lower disposal costs, improved prison facilities, inmates’ skill development, and environmental sustainability. A case study at the Thonburi Detention Center showed significant improvements at lower costs. Future research involves refining the approach with service design principles, a digital exchange platform, and introducing environmental credits to enhance participation and impact.
Therapeutic plasma exchange in expanded dengue patients having acute liver failure: A case series
Authors: Nizhu Lutfun Nahar , Anam Ahmad Mursel , Huq Shihan Mahmud Redwanul , Rabbani Raihan , Jahan Asifa , Roy Kalyanbroto
Published: September 2024

Expanded dengue syndrome is a severe form of dengue fever that can cause acute liver failure and patients with this condition have a high mortality rate. This is because it can cause a cytokine storm, Unfortunately, standard treatments are often ineffective. Therapeutic plasma exchange is a procedure that removes cytokines and improves the patient's condition. Our study involved 15 patients with expanded dengue syndrome having acute liver failure, who were not responding to standard therapies. We treated them with plasmapheresis, and 11 of the patients showed significant improvement in liver function and survived. Unfortunately, the remaining four patients died owing to other complications. Early treatment is crucial for the best possible outcome.
Navigating Grief in the Realm of Patient Mortality: Insights from Trainee Doctors from a Tertiary Medical Hospital in India— A Qualitative Study
Authors: Katti Aishwarya R. , Nandanikar Akash R. , Karthikeyan Aditya , Venkataramu Vyjayanthi Nittur , Shankarappa Mohan Raju , Thyloth Murali
Published: September 2024

Background:

Physician grief, as defined by Kenneth Doka as disenfranchised grief, refers to “the grief that individuals experience when they incur a loss that is not openly acknowledged, publicly mourned, or socially supported.” The experience of patient deaths on the emotional health of young doctors is unknown. The after-effects like stress, anxiety, burnout, depression, and others indirectly have a potential impact on decision-making and patient care. The study aims to shed light on this underexplored dimension and advocate for appropriate training and support to promote physician well-being.

Methods:

A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was used to help explore the lived experience of trainee doctors confronted with patient deaths. The data collection was done through focused group discussions (FGDs) with three groups of trainee doctors. A semi-structured interview guide was framed and focused on their experiences of initial reactions, coping, reflections, and unmet needs among participants. Each interview was manually coded, organized into subthemes, and further into larger themes. All authors agreed upon themes and subthemes.

Results:

The findings are elaborated with necessary quotes taken from the transcripts of the FGDs. The main themes identified were (a) Losing a patient’s emotions behind the screen, (b) Psychological and Environmental battles, and (c) Identifying lacunae and expressing unmet needs.

Conclusion:

The study findings were corroborated by concepts of disenfranchised grief, iatrogenic distress, emotionally unavailable doctors, and poor coping abilities. It also advocates for protocols and proactive measures to support interns and resident doctors.
Influencing laser shock peening treatment of the mechanical, tribological, corrosion, and microstructural characteristics on AA5052 alloy
Authors: Sarukasan D , Thirumavalavan K
Published: September 2024

This study examines the effects of laser shock peening parameters on the structural, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of AA5052 aluminum alloy. The LSP process uses specific parameters, detailed in Table 2, to induce ultra-high plastic strains and strain rates in the material. The research demonstrates significant improvements in both surface hardness (48.29% increase) and tensile strength (24.63% increase) for the optimized LSP conditions. The treatment results in a maximum compressive residual stress of 231.02 MPa near the surface, concentrated within a depth of 100 μm. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the formation of Mg2Al3 (β) precipitates on the LSP surface, along with peak broadening and shifting indicative of residual stress. These precipitates, along with the high dislocation density caused by severe plastic deformation during LSP, are contributed to the enhanced mechanical properties. Electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy observations on the LSP-treated AA5052 confirm the introduction of dislocation shifts, deformation twins, and refinement of grain structure. Additionally, the LSP treatment (1.046 × 10−3 mm/N-m3) significantly improves wear resistance compared to unpeened alloy (4.482 × 10−3 mm/N-m3), with a wear rate reduction of over 76.6% during the linear reciprocating tribometer. Finally, electrochemical corrosion tests demonstrate superior corrosion resistance in LSP-treated AA5052 (corrosion rate of 0.0116 mm/yr) compared to the unpeened alloy (0.0551 mm/yr). This study demonstrates that LSP significantly enhances the mechanical performance and corrosion resistance of AA5052 alloy, establishing it as a valuable candidate for shipbuilding applications that require superior durability.
Can internal cooling radiofrequency catheters with local hypothermia eliminate the need for tumescent anesthesia? A single-center, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Rim Gongmin , Hyun Kwanyong , Cho Deog Gon , Cho Jaemin
Published: September 2024

Background: Tumescent anesthesia not only prolongs the operation time but also induces postoperative pain, bruising, and swelling. This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of tumescentless RFA using an internal cooling system with a VENISTAR catheter and local hypothermia. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who had undergone RFA for above-knee (AK) great saphenous vein (GSV) between March 2023 and November 2023. We compared the efficacy and safety of tumescentless RFA between group T (conventional tumescent group, n = 50) and group N (non-tumescent group, n = 59). Results: The operative time was shorter in group N than in group T (group N: 31.37 min, group T: 42.31 min, p < .01), with no severe adverse events occurred in either group, such as endovenous heat-induced thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis. Postoperative pain (Group N, 0.53% vs Group T, 0.52%; p = .86), postoperative complications such as bruising (Group N, 6.78% vs Group T, 4%; N= .34) and paresthesia (Group N, 1.7% vs Group T, 6%; p = .27) showed no significant difference between the two groups on postoperative day 10. Conclusion: Tumescentless RFA with internal cooling and local hypothermia shows promising results with minimal complications. This novel approach represents a recent advancement in endovenous RFA that omits additional tumescent anesthesia.
Metabolic preferences of astrocytes: Functional metabolic mapping reveals butyrate outcompetes acetate
Authors: Ameen Aishat O , Nielsen Sebastian W , Kjær Martin W , Andersen Jens V , Westi Emil W , Freude Kristine K , Aldana Blanca I
Published: September 2024

Disruptions to the gut-brain-axis have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Of these disruptions, reductions in the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), like butyrate, have been observed in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Butyrate supplementation in mice has shown promise in reducing neuroinflammation, amyloid-β accumulation, and enhancing memory. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this, we investigated the impact of butyrate on energy metabolism in mouse brain slices, primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons and in-vivo by dynamic isotope labelling with [U-13C]butyrate and [1,2-13C]acetate to map metabolism via mass spectrometry. Metabolic competition assays in cerebral cortical slices revealed no competition between butyrate and the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate, but competition with acetate. Astrocytes favoured butyrate metabolism compared to neurons, suggesting that the astrocytic compartment is the primary site of butyrate metabolism. In-vivo metabolism investigated in the 5xFAD mouse, an AD pathology model, showed no difference in 13C-labelling of TCA cycle metabolites between wild-type and 5xFAD brains, but butyrate metabolism remained elevated compared to acetate in both groups, indicating sustained uptake and metabolism in 5xFAD mice. Overall, these findings highlight the role of astrocytes in butyrate metabolism and the potential use of butyrate as an alternative brain fuel source.
Social Equity Amid COVID-19: Examining Health Disparities from the Perspective of Governmental and Social Responsiveness
Authors: Peng Jing , Yang Kaifeng , Chu Mengran
Published: September 2024

While racial health disparities have long been studied, the literature has paid insufficient attention to situations such as health emergencies or pandemics and has generated conflicting results regarding some important explanatory variables. This article considers the impact of governmental and social responsiveness on health disparities in a pandemic. The hypotheses are tested with data from Florida's 67 counties in COVID-19. The results indicate that minority representation on local commissions influences local governments’ responsiveness to the disparities, and local government forms moderate the impact of local commission ideology and citizen ideology. The results also show that in counties with greater racial socioeconomic equality, community social capital increases, rather than decreases, the racial disparities. The political participation gap between white and black populations increases the disparities.
Efficacy and safety of riluzole for treating motor function in rare dyskinesia syndromes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Rui , Fang Hongli , Shen Yenan , Qiu Mengqiu
Published: September 2024

Objectives

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of riluzole to treat neurodegenerative dyskinesia in patients, using the Cochrane collaboration guidelines.

Methods

We searched databases including Medline, Embase, and Cochrane without any language filters. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used as a guideline, and the study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022354627).

Results

Eleven studies involving 1376 patients were included. There was a significant overall effect of riluzole on changes in motor function scores. However, the level of heterogeneity was I2 = 74%. In the subgroup analyses, there were no significant effects of riluzole on motor scores in hereditary ataxia, Parkinson’s disease, or Huntington’s disease. In the sensitivity analysis, there were no significant effects of riluzole on motor function scores. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in adverse events between the riluzole and placebo groups.

Conclusions

Although riluzole may not have significant efficacy for improving motor function in neurodegenerative dyskinesia syndromes compared with placebo, it seems to have an acceptable safety profile. Moreover, it may be effective for hereditary ataxia syndromes, although there was a relatively small effect size and limited quality of evidence.
Development of criteria for assessment of gas channelling phenomenon inside the blast furnace
Authors: Jain Kratika , Ghosh Snigdha , Abhale Prakash B. , Samantaray Pratyush R. , Korath Jose M.
Published: September 2024

Gas channelling is an uneven distribution of ascending gas through the burden layers in the blast furnace. This occurs due to the difference in permeability across the horizontal cross-section, which reduces the operational efficiency. When unattended, channelling can aggravate hanging and may further lead to burden slippage and chilling of the hearth, which is a nightmare for the blast furnace operator. The objective of this work is to develop a gas channelling assessment system based on statistical modelling by analysing the real-time data for parameters like stave temperature, pressure, gas utilisation ratio and uptake temperature. The criteria, which are indicative of the fluctuations in physical and chemical process parameters during gas channelling, are developed from process knowledge and theoretical understanding of the channelling with historical data of one of the blast furnaces of Tata Steel Jamshedpur, India. Optimum combinations of the criteria are found through fine-tuning of the statistical parameters and cross-validation with the preexisting events of gas channelling. The model is run on the test dataset, and the accuracy of the model is presented.
Ethnic Identification among Mixed Children in a Post-colonial Asian City: A Case in Hong Kong
Authors: Gu Shafei , Fong Eric
Published: September 2024

This paper attempts to discuss how the identification of multi-racial/ethnic children is influenced by their parents’ race/ethnicity in the context of the post-colonial perspective in East Asia. By using data from the Hong Kong 2016 by-census, we have illustrated the patterns of multi-racial/ethnic children’s ethnic identification when either father or mother is Chinese in a post-colonial context. We identified three major patterns. First, the ethnic composition of parents, especially when they involve a Chinese (the majority group) or South Asian parent, has a strong relationship with how the parents identify their children’s ethnicity. Second, colonial racial schemas seem to influence the ethnic identification of children to a large extent. Third, the patterns show the relatively disadvantaged status of South Asian identity under the post-colonial Hong Kong context.
Research on relieve of traffic congestion based on optimization of DQN algorithm in CamTra recognition system
Authors: Bai Bing , Li Yangchen , Ding Shuya , Qiao Lei , Wu Yan , Li XiaoZheng
Published: September 2024

This research presents a method of calculation for traffic signal plans based on the DQN (Deep Q-Leaning Network) algorithm to relieve traffic congestion in the city during rush hour. It is a very important part of our independently developed Camera Tracking System (CamTra), which has been applied in various fields such as traffic big data processing, drowning warning, factory intelligence optimization, and precise logistics simulation. With the increased number of cars, the occurrence of traffic congestion is rapidly increasing. The most important difficulty addressed in this paper is the analysis of the signal plan for tempo (speed and spacing) and green wave transmission. In addition to this, the research further optimized other accompanying factors such as action space and network structure, to achieve the best adaptability for signals. With the increase of adaptability for signal, the effectiveness of the ε-greedy strategy has also been further enhanced. The improved algorithm associates the ε-greedy strategy with the cumulative reward sequence, which realizes the adaptive control of the ε-greedy strategy and balances the relationship between exploration and performance. Finally, with the experiment of SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), the performance of the enhanced DQN algorithm in single- and double-crossroads traffic signal control was verified. In comparison with the traditional static signal strategy, the enhanced DQN algorithm performed better in relieving traffic congestion.
Advancements in metaheuristic optimization techniques for laser beam cutting of FRP composites: A review
Authors: Gautam Girish Dutt , Shrivastava Yogesh
Published: September 2024

Laser beam cutting is a crucial processing method for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites because it offers precision and minimizes damage like delamination, which is necessary to maintain material integrity. This research explores the use of metaheuristic optimization techniques such as ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithms to enhance the laser cutting performance of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. These techniques have been shown their effectiveness with regard to changing some important variables and the result in comparing dicing rate and cutting efficiency. This paper attempts to familiarize the researchers and the readers with the fruitful research experiments carried out to demonstrate the efficacy of using metaheuristics to overcome these challenges of fibre reinforced polymer laser cutting. It brings out the fact that many decent experiments which integrate different strategies of optimizing the field will likely achieve this. This work demonstrates how it is very necessary to supply additional research to build up more sophisticated optimization models to be capable to use without any problems for different types of fiber-reinforced composites and the laser cutting technology requirements.
Physical characterization of agar-based biodegradable films derived from nonhazardous laboratory waste
Authors: Wagh Priyanka , Vaidya Viniti , Nawani Neelu
Published: September 2024

Globally, approximately 2.12 billion tons of waste are annually disposed of, with laboratories significantly contributing across diverse waste streams. Effective waste management strategies are crucial to mitigate environmental impact and promote sustainability within scientific communities. This study addresses the challenges by introducing a novel method that transforms laboratory media waste into a valuable biopolymer named “Agastic.” The process involves repurposing agar extracted from bulk laboratory waste, blending it with bio-based plasticizers to produce Agastic sheets exhibiting mechanical properties comparable to traditional bioplastics. Using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD), optimal concentrations of agar (1.5–2.5% w/v), glycerol (0.25–1% v/v), and ethanolamine (0.5–1.5% v/v) were determined. Predictions from Design Expert software indicated impressive tensile strength up to 14.31 MPa for AGA-1 and elongation at break up to 52% for AGA-2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed agarose structural features in AGA-1 and AGA-2. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed polysaccharide-related breakdown between 38°C and 280°C in AGA-1, peaking at 299.36°C; AGA-2 exhibited diverse thermal decomposition up to 765°C, suggesting their biodegradable potential in packaging applications. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis confirmed nontoxic nature of Agastic and preserved morphological integrity in both samples. Soil degradation studies revealed AGA-1 and AGA-2 losing 71.31% and 70.88% of weight, respectively, over 15 days. This innovation provides a sustainable pathway to repurpose laboratory waste into eco-friendly bioplastics, particularly suitable for moisture-sensitive packaging such as nursery applications. These findings underscore Agastic films’ promise as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional plastics, supporting circular bioeconomy principles and significantly reducing ecological impacts associated with plastic waste.
Electroacupuncture alleviates sciatic nerve injury and inhibits autophagy in rats
Authors: Chen Meiling , Xiong He Ran , Hu Yanping , Wang Song , Zhou Fan , Xiang Chao , Zhao Xin
Published: September 2024

Background:

Sciatic nerve injury is a common form of peripheral nerve injury (PNI). It has been suggested that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at GB30 and ST36 can improve nerve dysfunction post-PNI. Autophagy is an important factor in the regeneration of sciatic nerves and recovery of motor function. Therefore, we investigated the biological effects of EA and examined whether these were mediated by autophagy in sciatic nerve injury.

Methods:

Mechanical clamping of the sciatic nerve in Sprague-Dawley rats was performed to establish an experimental model of sciatic nerve injury. EA stimulation was administered once daily for 15 min for seven consecutive days beginning 1 week after successful modeling. The recovery of sciatic nerve function was examined via the sciatic functional index (SFI) test. Morphometric analysis was conducted by staining nerve samples with toluidine blue. Autophagy-associated protein levels were measured via Western blotting.

Results:

EA stimulation at GB30 and ST36 significantly increased the number of myelinated fibers, axonal and fiber diameters, and the thickness of the myelin sheath in our rat model of sciatic nerve injury. In addition, EA stimulation greatly facilitated nerve regeneration following sciatic nerve injury. Moreover, sciatic nerve injury–induced autophagy was inhibited by EA stimulation.

Conclusion:

EA facilitates recovery of injured sciatic nerves and inhibits autophagy in a rat model.
Chikusetsusaponin IVa Targets Nrf2 to Inhibit H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Dai Qi , Wu Song-Tao , Zheng Xin , You Peng-Tao , Liu Yan-Wen , Zhao Yuan , Zhang Xiu-Qiao
Published: September 2024

Background

Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CHS) is a triterpenoid saponin that has been demonstrated to possess multiple properties.

Purpose

This study focused on inhibiting H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) by CHS and investigated the underlying mechanisms, specifically targeting the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway.

Methods

The antiviral activity of CHS was evaluated by determining its half inhibitory concentration and therapeutic index (TI) in vitro. Markers of oxidative stress, encompassing superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels, were assessed. Analyses of pathways from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, followed by network investigation and simulations of molecular docking. Moreover, the effects of CHS on Nrf2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were assessed in human lung carcinoma A549 cells and a mouse model of H9N2 AIV infection.

Results

CHS showed inhibitory effects on H9N2 AIV in vitro, with TI values of 4.00 (co-treatment) and 6.29 (posttreatment). CHS reduced H9N2 AIV-induced oxidative stress and was predicted to target Nrf2, MAPK/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways, and oxidation–reduction processes. Molecular docking analysis revealed a high affinity between CHS and Nrf2. In A549 cells, CHS enhanced Nrf2 activation, inhibited MAPK signaling, and reduced H9N2 AIV-induced oxidative stress. The therapeutic mechanism of CHS was found to be mediated by Nrf2. In a mouse model, CHS mitigated pulmonary impairment, improving the organism’s antioxidant activity. CHS also regulated the Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways in lung tissue.

Conclusion

CHS inhibits H9N2 AIV and alleviates virus-induced oxidative stress by targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway. These observations lay the groundwork for devising prospective therapeutic interventions targeting H9N2 AIV infection.
Attenuation of L-NAME-induced Hypertension in Rats with Elettaria cardamomum–Low-dose Amlodipine Combination: A Possible Synergism of Covasodilatory Effect
Authors: Mouslem Abdulaziz K. Al , Almuayli Dimah I. , Aldaej Sara M. , Alhaddad Zainab A. , Alhamad Fatimah J. , Emeka Promise M. , Gad Enas S.
Published: September 2024

Background

Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disorder that affects approximately 1.28 billion adults worldwide. In the use of amlodipine, though it is a cost-effective antihypertensive agent, it causes side effect that may lead to discontinuation of the medication.

Objectives

To examine the effect of the combination of Elettaria cardamomum plus a low dose of amlodipine on Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rat model.

Materials and Methods

Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups of six rats, respectively. The standard control group received only normal saline (first group). The other four groups received L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day, orally) for 21 days as follows: Group 2 served as L-NAME group only; Group 3 was given E. cardamomum (400 mg/kg/day, orally); Group 4 received amlodipine (5 mg/kg/day, orally); Group 5 received E. cardamomum (400 mg/kg/day, orally) + a low dose of amlodipine (2.5 mg/kg/day, orally) and served as the combination treatment group. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, blood pressure was measured, then blood samples were collected, rats were sacrificed, and hearts and kidneys were harvested. Serum levels of lipids, liver enzymes, urea, and creatinine were determined.

Results

L-NAME administration induced a notable increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, with significant changes in biochemical parameters. However, administration of E. cardamomum alone or in combination with a low dose of amlodipine showed a better reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than amlodipine alone. Consequently, effects on liver enzymes, lipid profile, and cardiorenal pathology were significantly improved with combination treatment compared with amlodipine alone.

Conclusion

The present study has shown that the E. cardamomum–low-dose amlodipine combination could be beneficial in lowering blood pressure without the attendant adverse effects associated with the normal dose of amlodipine alone. This could be due to covasorelaxant effects.
Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Harish BV  , Sahoo Rasmi Ranjan , Gochhait Samanyoya , Patro Pradeepta Sekhar
Published: September 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods:

In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients with active AS aged between 18 and 60 years who fulfilled the modified New York criteria for AS and had inadequate response or intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were enrolled. Patients were randomised to receive either tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society ≥20% improvement (ASAS20), and the secondary endpoints included Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society ≥40% improvement response, mean change from baseline in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score–C-reactive protein (ASDAS–CRP), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) levels. Safety assessment was done throughout the study period.

Results:

Forty-eight patients were included in the study and received either tofacitinib ( n = 25) or placebo ( n = 23). The ASAS20 response was significantly higher in the tofacitinib group compared with placebo (68% vs 13%, P < .001). Significant improvement was also seen in secondary endpoints, including mean change in BASDAI ( P < .001), ASDAS–CRP ( P < .001), BASMI ( P = .003), BASFI ( P = .001), ESR ( P = .002), CRP ( P = .003), serum TNF-α ( P = .007) and IL-17A levels ( P <.001). There was no significant difference in MASES ( P = .7). Both groups had similar infection rates.

Conclusions:

In patients with active AS, tofacitinib was effective in reducing disease activity measures compared with placebo.
Comparison of Fractionated Dose Versus Bolus Dose of Bupivacaine Hyperbaric (0.5%) with Buprenorphine in Spinal Anaesthesia for Lower Limb Surgeries
Authors: Arulpari Thamizh Thendral , Ganapathysubramanian Manujkumar , Chandrasekaran Rajesh Prabhu
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Spinal anaesthesia (SA) stands as a widely utilised anaesthetic approach for patients undergoing surgeries involving the lower limb, lower abdomen, pelvis and perineum. This study aims to evaluate the safety of fractionated dose versus bolus dose injection of hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) with buprenorphine in SA for lower limb surgeries concerning haemodynamic stability, total analgesia duration and the quality of sensory and motor blocks. Materials and Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted from January 2023 to January 2024 after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, adhering to ethical standards throughout the research process. A sample size of 54 per group was determined accounting for potential dropouts, considering a dropout rate of 10%. The criteria for participant selection were carefully established. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients who had undergone lower limb surgeries and had American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2, were aged between 18 and 60 years, had a body mass index (BMI) falling within the range of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 , and had a height ranging from 150 to 180 cm.

Results:

In our investigation, we observed that five minutes after administering SA, the sensory level was notably elevated in the fractionated group, with a majority of patients (62.9%) reaching a level of T10. Simultaneously, the corresponding motor block, assessed using the modified Bromage score, predominantly showed a score of 4 in the fractionated group, with 77.10% of patients exhibiting this level, compared to 62.90% in the bolus group. By the 20-minute mark post-SA, the majority of patients in the fractionated group had sensory levels at either T8 or T10, while in the bolus group, an equal number of patients (40%) had reached these levels, and around 5.7% even displayed a level at approximately T6.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, when comparing the patients in Group F [fractionated dose of bupivacaine and buprenorphine] to those in Group B [bolus dose of bupivacaine and buprenorphine], the patients in Group F exhibited a higher level of haemodynamic stability.
‘… The only way I'm gonna learn is if it's done properly’: Gendered embodiment and contradictions of ‘control’ in mixed-gender mixed martial arts
Authors: John Zoe
Published: September 2024

This article draws from several months of ethnographic research on gender, embodiment and violence, offering insight into situated (and contradictory) definitions of violence in mixed martial arts (MMA). Analysing interview data, violence is defined conceptually by members of one MMA club in the UK through specific frameworks, in which MMA fighting is regarded as ‘controlled’ violence. MMA skills are expected to be embodied relative to those definitions through bracketing processes, with regulating emotions, the significance of context and power dynamics between individuals fighting being key in categorising distance to ‘real’ violence. Analysing field notes and my own felt difficulties as a participant–observer, however, the navigation of women's bodies in mixed-gender sparring interrupts these categorising features of frame. Despite the acknowledgment of intersubjective and reflexive work to embody physically violent skills appropriately, men distance themselves from women in training. The contributions of the article identify how women's gendered bodies – as performative, normative and regulatory – interrupt the everyday orderliness of ‘control’ and expectations of who ‘does’ violence more broadly. The consequences of these gendered expectations are noted, with indications as to what other forms of violence might be ongoing in this highly gendered space.
Methodologies for Studying Artificial Intelligence in Technical and Professional Communication
Authors: Masters-Wheeler Christine , Bay Jennifer
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on the unique ways that technical and professional communication (TPC) researchers can study artificial intelligence (AI) models that challenge the idea that humans and machines are separate yet equal entities. The authors present a brief definition of AI, a recap of HCI research paradigms, and a description of how AI models challenge traditional HCI research and how TPC researchers might respond to these challenges in their studies. Rather than presenting clear-cut methods for studying AI, the article highlights questions that researchers need to consider as they develop approaches for studying AI.