bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXISTING PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM AT THE DEGREE LEVEL
Authors: Roman Sohail , Khan Wasim , Saba Mehreen
Published: July 2021

Study was conducted to assess effectiveness of physical education curriculum at college level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The population consisted twenty-seven physical education teachers and five hundred and thirteen physical education students who selected from nine randomly selected districts. Survey technique was used for collection of required information. Appropriate questionnaire on Likert scale “ranged from very much to Not at all, was developed” and used after pilot testing over sampled respondents from colleges adopting Cronbach Alpha reliability method. The respondents’ responses were analyzed through SPSS. Statistical techniques were used for data analyses. Data have revealed that almost all respondents had agreed upon significance and effectiveness of existing health and physical education curriculum in growth and improvement of personality, good personal habits, and maintenance of physical fitness. But unfortunately, change of social learning skills among students was rejected by concerned population. Study offered significant results in reaching conclusion and extracted suitable recommendations.
THE FAMILY AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION AND ITS ROLE IN THE PROMOTION OF SPORTS
Authors: Khan Faheem Ullah , Islam Zia Ul , Jabeen Afshan
Published: July 2021

Family is first social institutions where an individual opens his eyes observe and learn. That is why family is considered most influential factor in shaping a child’s future. The study in hand was carried out in the vicinity of district Dera Ismail khan, KP, Pakistan. It was tried to probe the role of family in sense of social institutions and its role in promotion of sports. As it is a vivid fact that family has a key role in shaping future of child. The prime objective of study was to investigate the role of family (guardians) in the promotion and development of sports. 600 families (guardian) participated in this study and contacted by researcher for purpose of data collection. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was organized in Microsoft excel. Percentage formula was applied to measure perception of respondent regarding different questions. Furthermore, one sample analysis was used to check the hypothesis. Majority of the people agreed with that issue. After the analysis of data, it was concluded that family has a key role in the promotion of sports.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE POLITICAL RHETORIC AS A FACTOR OF VOTERS’ PERSUASION
Authors: Ullah Shahid , Khan Asghar Ullah , Khan Muhammad Imran
Published: July 2021

This research study explores the relationship between political agenda of the political leaders and parties in Pakistan and public agenda of the residents of Dera Ismail Khan District during election 2018. This study is important and helpful in understanding political landscape in Pakistan and role of political rhetoric in shaping that landscape. This study helped in understanding how voters decided to participate in elections and what are vital for audience during elections campaign. Researcher has drawn 400 samples from target population while using convenient sampling techniques for data collections. The study adopted cross sectional survey research design with closed-ended questionnaire for measuring public agenda and perception while coding sheet was used for measuring political rhetoric of leaders of diverse political parties. Study findings indicate that there is significant difference between political parties about different hot issues in Pakistan. The study results show that there was no significantly influence of the party affiliation on audiences’ political behavior.
THE GENDER BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PERCEPTION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION INSTRUCTORS ABOUT JOB PERFORMANCE
Authors: Luqman Safdar , Islam Zia Ul , Jabeen Afshan
Published: July 2021

The present comparative study was conducted to observe the difference in stance of male and female Instructors’ Physical Educations (IPEs) regarding their Job Performance. A sample of 79 IPEs was selected over proportionate random sampling techniques to confirm the equal representation. For this drive, the self-made job performance scale was used for the data collection which was analyzed through independent sample t-test were used to find out the mean difference in perception of IPEs. The result of study showed that the difference in the stance of IPEs regarding their job performance is significant. Female IPEs performed better as compared to the male IPEs. The results are significant and expected to provide suitable guidelines to policy-makers of the concerned context regarding the physical education instructors about their job performance.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE DYNAMICS OF RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Asghar Ullah , Malik Zain Ul Abiden , Fatima Hani
Published: July 2021

Although domestic terrorism has long been a global threat, many countries have only just started developing systemic policies to tackle the root causes of religious extremism. Studying front-line countries like Pakistan is critical to understanding how to tackle the challenge effectively. Despite Pakistan's war with anti-government rebels like Pakistani Taliban, Pakistan has struggling for more than decade to resolve theoretical aspects of those problems. Since the key majority of nefarious activities in Pakistan are carried out by entities that promote religion and justify Islam. It is vital that extremist drivers should be eliminated from Pakistan and other countries. We understand theological element. Ethnic minorities have targeted and harassed often by the religious fundamentalist groups for years. Unless the state avoids this trend, state will soon base itself on the prevailing narrative of extremism; it will only provide Sunni living space while restricting the limits of religious beliefs of minorities and living as free citizens. Most sensitive issue of Pakistan national security is extremism.
ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL AND INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR’S INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR DURING COVID-19: A CASE OF EMERGING ECONOMY
Authors: Sohail Aamir , Hussain Abid , Hussain Farhad
Published: July 2021

In study of stock investment in the capital market by investors in Pandemic Covid-19, it is always carried out rationally. Decisions on stock investments are not always rational. main purpose of research is to analyze behavioral factors that affect preferences of individual’s investors and fund managers in emerging stock market, Pakistan Stock Exchange. The data of this research were “collected through semi-structured interviews with five fund managers and five individual investors” from Pakistan Stock Exchange. The researchers used thematic analysis for data interpretation. The major findings stress that retail investors are more effected by behavioral biases in comparison with fund managers. The results shows that there are some major biases which are affecting both type of investors like overconfidence-gambling, herding, market, prospect, errors and anchoring-ability bias. Data for this study was collected for one time only, for better understanding data may be collected for more than one time in future. Triangulation method may be directed in future for further clarification in existing study.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE DETERIORATING SECURITY SITUATIONS OF THE PAKISTAN
Authors: Malik Zain Ul Abiden , Fatima Hani , Fatima Aleen
Published: July 2021

Security plays a very important role in the progress of a nation. It is the pillar of a state on which a nation stands. Without security it is very difficult for a nation to survive on the map of world. Since Pakistan joined the U.S.-led war on terror in September 2001, stability has been heavily affected, and Pakistan has faced many stability challenges since then. With the participation in the “war on terror, the security situation in country” deteriorated within the few years, as army had to carry out a number of operations in its territory against its own people with the aim to disregard the terrorist threat. The war against terrorism has significantly impacted on the overall economic as well as social development of the country. Incidents of 9/11 have divided the nation into American supporters, both pro and unfavorable. Pakistan, the United States helping ally faces more negative security values rather than optimistic ones. This paper addresses Pakistan’s security woes and reasons for the country's worsening security situation. To bring stability to Pakistan, the government needs to take plan to conquer its people' hearts and minds.
ASSESSMENT OF E-HRM PRACTICES AND ITS FUNCTIONS AMONG BANKING SECTOR OF EMERGING ECONOMIES
Authors: Sohail Aamir , Hussain Abid , Riaz Adil
Published: July 2021

Investigating the emerging role of E-HRM practices among banking sector is a central tenet of study. It examines E-HRM practices and its determinants by impending Managerial level employees of banking sector of Pakistan, one of emerging economies. The researchers used a qualitative research “method approach to document responses of target audience. Ten Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore” the central practices, functions, and determents associated with role of E-HRM practices of corporate banking managerial level employees. For analytical purposes, Nvivo 10 software was used. The findings of the results indicate that recruitment, selection, training, Job opening, mobile banking, fintech, TRSM, motivation, communication task completion, and Bank performance are major factors which are directly influenced by E-HRM. Practically, this research might be able to offer new understandings for the banking employees, policymakers, bank management and potential employees, helping them to understand the effectiveness of electronic Human Resource management practices.
THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON POLITICAL AWARENESS: CASE OF DERA ISMAIL KHAN DISTRICT
Authors: Khan Muhammad Imran , Ullah Shahid , Khan Asghar Ullah
Published: July 2021

This research study was conducted to measure people rely more on social media will have more knowledge about their favorite political party than the users of other types of media. Scholar drawn 400 sample from population of district Dera Ismail Khan using non-probability sampling technique through Curry & John in 2007 method for the sample selection. The researcher used convenient sampling techniques for the data collections. The study adopted cross sectional survey research method with the closed-ended questionnaire. The initial descriptive analysis shows that PTI supporters comprised majority of the portion of the sample in this study, compared to the supporters of the other parties and independent candidates, and also majority of respondents used television as source for political information. Similarly, the supporters of political parties and their reliance on media have significant relationship. The results offered significant information in reaching conclusion and thereby producing the desired outcomes.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE VOTERS TRUST ON PAKISTAN GENERAL ELECTION 2018
Authors: Ullah Shahid , Khan Asghar Ullah , Khan Muhammad Imran
Published: July 2021

The research study was conducted to examine favorite political party and the people’s perception about outcomes of general elections 2018. Researcher drawn 400 sample from population of district Dera Ismail Khan using non-probability sampling technique through Curry & Dr. John in 2007 method for sample selection. The researcher used the convenient sampling techniques for the data collections. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey research method with closed-ended questionnaire for measuring concept. The results revealed that there is significant relationship between favorite political party and public perceptions about current government. The study is expected to provide suitable contribution to existing database of knowledge about the issues under considerations in this research. Study is also expected to offer valuable recommendation as extracted from the results of the current study for the general public and policy makers.
IMPACT OF MODERATE INTENSITY AEROBIC EXERCISES UPON BODY COMPOSITION OF COLLEGE GIRLS
Authors: Nawaz Fouzia , Luqman Muhammad Safdar , Khan Muhammad Asghar
Published: July 2021

This experimental study aimed to investigate impact of moderate intensity aerobic exercises upon Body Composition of college girls. The experimental research method was adopted for current study with longitudinal approach i.e., pre-test and post-test. 40 participants were taken as a population and were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and Control group. Eight-week moderate intensity aerobic exercises were given to experimental group. After the completion of eight-week exercise protocol the data of Body composition, data of pretest and posttest was recorded and analyzed using paired sample t test and ANOVA to check the difference between the body composition score of girls in pre-test and post-test. It was found that there is significant impact of Moderate intensity aerobic exercises upon the post-test of experimental group. The results provides significant information in deciding the relationships among the research variables in order to reach the conclusion.
GENDER DIFFERENCES AND AGGRESSION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YOUNG AND ADULT ATHLETES
Authors: Khan Alia , Ullah Habib , Iftikhar Sundus
Published: July 2021

This comparative study was adopted to compare the level of the aggression among young and adult athletes and gender differences in aggression. The subjects were N=120 (Male=66 & Female 54) athletes from the different colleges, universities and sports clubs in Faisalabad, the age range of young athletes 12 to 18 years and adult athletes age between 20 to 30 years part of the sample. Buss & Perry Aggression scale was used to measure aggression and reliability of scale (Cornbrash’s Alpha = 0.814). Results of multivariate analysis of the varia (Independent T-Test) T=9.02 p<0.03 Percent shows the difference between young and adults’ athletes’ aggressive behavior, Male athlete score high on the aggression scale rather than female. There is the significant aggression difference between male and female athletes in sports. Male athletes are more aggressive as compare female athletes (T=9.86, P<0.02) in aggression.
Ideological Underpinnings in President John Dramani Mahama’s 2013 State of the Nation Address
Authors: Fenyi Kojo , Sapaty Georgina Afeafa
Published: July 2021

This study sets out to investigate, examine and understand the hidden ideologies and ideological structures/devices in the 2013 State of the Nation Address of President John Dramani Mahama. The study specifically aimed to (i) ascertain the ideologies embedded in the speech and (ii) investigate linguistic expressions and devices which carry these ideological colourations in the speech under review. It uses Critical Discourse Analysis as the theoretical framework to examine the role of language in creating ideology as well as the ideological structures in the speech. These hidden ideologies are created, enacted and legitimated by the application of certain linguistic devices. The researchers deem a study of this nature important as it will expose hidden motives that Ghanaian presidents cloth in language in order to manipulate their audience through their speeches in order to win and/or sustain political power. Through thematic analysis, it was revealed that Mahama projected these ideologies in his speech: ideology of positive self-representation, ideology of human value, ideology of economic difficulty, ideology of power relations and ideology of urgency. It also revealed that Mahama projects his ideologies through the following ideological discursive structures: pronouns, biblical allusion and metaphor. The study has shown that language plays a crucial role in human existence as a means of socialisation. Language has been revealed as a means of communicating ideologies and events of the world. In the tradition of CDA, this study has confirmed that text and talk have social and cultural character and that discourse functions ideologically.
Hydromechanics, Aerodynamics and Thermodynamics: Critical Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamics of BLE Turbine Blade
Authors: Lin Shih-Chau
Published: July 2021

This contribution presents a numerical analysis based on the effects of aerodynamics of the bump-based humpback whale fins available on the turbine blade edge. In this research, performance comparisons have been made based on dual sequestered blades. One of the blades was sinusoidal in shaped with Bumped Lead Edge (BLE) and the other one with Upright Leading Edge (ULE). However, all the blades are based on a similar cross-sectional profile i.e. NACA-012. This research has been based on simulations of Reynold’s number i.e. 1.8.105 of Attack Angle (AA) i.e. from ‘0º - 30º’. At this angle, especially greater than 10º, the BLE has indicated an enhancement in about 3.5% to 9.0% lift and a reducing drag whereas the negligible variation in lifts and minor drag is displayed for AA less than 10º. The findings in this result for BLE have indicated a substantial achievement in aerodynamic features for particular AA.
Green Infrastructure and Manufacturing: Analysis of IE and SM Innovations for Future Generations
Authors: Elira Bukuroshe
Published: July 2021

This paper focusses on SM, which is an innovation for the future generation of industries. In manufacturing, Sustainable Manufacturing (SM) is a significant aspect that deals with the functioning, designing, productivity, profitability and competitiveness. It is considered that future ecological and better ecological performance practices will base more in designs and manufacturing priorities for enhancing manufacturing developments and advancements. Decision makers, manufacturers and designers who have to practice more and launch sustainable cultures in industries will basically remain successful in their segments since there are a major necessity of the modern age and the future. Moreover, extensive research and analysis is require to future improve and enhance the comprehension of better ecological performance in industrial manufacturing.
Methodology to Design for Product Service Supportability
Authors: Mihir Sarangi , Nath Ramgopal Varma
Published: July 2021

In today’s world, processors must expertly structure sophisticated integrated remedies using modern technologies based on multiple functionalities demands and the rapidly changing perceptions of consumers. Due to this, it is considerably complete for the givers of Product Service Systems (PSSs) to attain all the essential designing requirements. Product designers have to focus on the essential objectives required by PSSs to attain in the whole lifecycle process based on various criteria and approach typically considered in trade-off balancing. Presently, Design-for-X (DfX) approach signifies the most fundamental projection to facilitate production developments based on features and stages of product lifecycle. It is considered that these stages and features support the designing of PSSs, product redesigning and developing engineered products based on x dimensionality with respect to supportability of services. In this paper, a methodology has been proposed for the generation of novel DfX protocols. As such, an application case in mold industry will be used to represent physical engineered productions, which are developed when services have been integrated or added.
The Role of Facebook in Enhancement of Undergraduates’ Receptive Skills at a Saudi University
Authors: Qadi Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Observing receptive skills development in Saudi Arabia’s undergraduates at Summer University (pseudonym), this paper immaculately investigates students’ perceptions regarding the uses of Facebook as a well-liked forum of social media pertinent to enhancement of Receptive Skill of English, as a foreign language. At greater extent, their approaches have been scrutinized while using Facebook and the nature of influence of Facebook have been examined as well. Data have been collected from seventy-five undergraduate’s students via questionnaire. In addition, findings put forward that Facebook use is exceedingly effectual in mounting students’ listening and reading skills meticulously of English language. Relevantly, some of the probable threats to students’ proficiency have been pointed out. In fewest possible words, the study lucidly concludes that undergraduates, generally speaking, are positive in relation to the role of Facebook in the development of receptive skills while using Facebook, which not only influencing undergraduates to visualize innovative ideas in visual or video formats but also it inspires to communicate in English language. 
Arabic as a Foreign Language: Phonological Analysis of Speech Sounds Produced by Students
Authors: Alshehri Awad H.
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to expose the potential difficulties encountered by students learning Arabic as a foreign language (AFL) with a focus on sounds production. The research design was descriptive-analytic. The data was obtained using direct recording and interviews. The sample included 27 AFL students at the Arabic Institutes at IMSIU and KSU. The work on this research is twofold: first, the paper reports on teachers' and learners' views on the general difficulties encountered by students learning Arabic, focusing on those in post-secondary school getting ready for tertiary education. Secondly, the paper analyzes their speech for pronunciation errors found in sounds production. The results show that learners generally had no problem expressing themselves, but they had some pronunciation issues with some specific Arabic sounds. The results also show that the students attempt different methods to overcome pronunciation difficulties. Teachers were aware of these difficulties, and they had their own methods to help improve students' pronunciation of unfamiliar sounds. The findings show that traditional ways of teaching Arabic sounds are not enough, and difficulties could still exist, as shown by the phonological analysis of sounds environments. The study suggests that implementing an eclectic approach, leveraging the use of technology, could help AFLs to improve their pronunciation. 

 
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure and Type of Labor in Primigravidas with Hypertension
Authors: Sulubara Satyawati , Hutagaol Hotma Sauhur , Nasution Eva Mahayani
Published: July 2021

Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia and in the world. The exact cause of preeclampsia is not known at this time. Aerobic exercise as an effort to prevent preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on maternal outcome in primigravidas with a history of hypertension.

This research was a quasy experimental research with pre and post control group. Aerobic exercise was carried out for 15 weeks in the second trimester of pregnancy, then blood pressure measurements were taken in both groups. The data will be analyzed using the t-test, and a p value <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower in the intervention group than in the control group but not statistically significant, all samples became superimposed preeclampsia and underwent delivery by caesarean section.
The Impact of Work Environment on Employees’ Performance in Banking Sector in Palestine
Authors: Burbar Maisa Y.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Because high employee performance can lead to positive organizational outcomes, improving employee performance is one of the foremost objectives for any organization. Nowadays, since employees have an arguably greater number of job opportunities from which to choose and may, ostensibly, opt to leave unfavorable conditions in search of better alternatives, the workplace environment proves a critical factor in deciding to remain or leave any given position. Put simply, the workplace environment stands to influences employees’ levels of motivation, performance, and productivity. This study examines the effects of the work environment on employee performance in the Palestinian banking sector.

Design/methodology/approach: Questionnaires were distributed among an initial 320 bank employees from a total of 14 Palestinian banks found in Palestine. Of the 320, 268 were deemed completed in a manner satisfactory to be considered primary source data. The remaining 52 surveys were improperly or incompletely populated and not calculated into the results. The data from these surveys were then analyzed using SPSS v 27.

Findings: Findings indicate that the work environment correlates to a significantly positive effect on employee performance. After that, these results have provided robust and beneficial recommendations, which policymakers and banks may implement to formulate relevant strategies to manipulate the work environment and improve employee productivity.

Originality: This research is the first to address the relationship between employees’ performance and the workplace environment in the Palestinian Banking sector. 
The Interaction Between Socioeconomic Status and Preschool Education on Academic Achievement of Elementary School Students
Authors: Fateel Moosa Jaafar , Mukallid Samar , Arora Bani
Published: July 2021

Preschool education may help increase the academic achievement of school-age students. Still, for a segment in society, this is not feasible and children are not admitted into preschool due to parents’ socioeconomic status. The purpose of this study was to measure the interaction between socioeconomic status and preschool education on students’ academic achievement in Bahraini government elementary schools. The study adopted a quantitive approach. The sample was 402 girls and boys in grades 1 through 6. The results showed that students who had preschool education had better academic achievement than those who did not. There were no significant differences in students’ later academic achievement with reference to socioeconomic status, and there was no interaction between preschool education and socioeconomic status on academic achievement. It was recommended that policymakers should encourage the private and public sectors to invest in preschool education, to conduct further research on the impact of socio-economic status on academic achievement at different school levels and to expand the dimensions of SES to include parents’ skills and marital relationships and their impact on children’s achievement.
The Rank of U_V-Generated Modules
Authors: - Fitriani , Wijayanti Indah Emilia , Surodjo Budi , Faisol Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Let U be a nonempty set of R-modules and V be a submodule of ⊕_ʌU_λ, U_λ∈U for all λ∈Λ. A U_V generated module is a generalization of U-generated module by using the concept of V-coexact sequence. We say that an R-module N is generated by U_V if there is an epimorphism from V to N. In this paper, we introduce the definition of rank of U_V-generated modules. Furthermore, we investigate some properties of rank of UV-generated modules.
Van ‘Etnische minderheden’ naar ‘Samenleven in verscheidenheid’
Authors: Entzinger Han
Published: July 2021

Dossier

In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
Samen leven anno 2050
Authors: Verweij Arjen
Published: July 2021

Dossier

In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
Inventarisatie van ontwikkelingen en perspectieven op de bijstand
Authors: Dekker Fabian
Published: July 2021

Boekensignalement

In this feature authors review recently published books on subjects of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
Kansschade of proportionele aansprakelijkheid?
Authors: Van A.J.
Published: July 2021

Kansschade of proportionele aansprakelijkheid?

In het arrest Deloitte/H&H Beheer maakte de Hoge Raad onderscheid tussen de leerstukken van kansschade en proportionele aansprakelijkheid. Volgens een aantal auteurs is dit slechts een dogmatisch onderscheid en gaat het in de kern om dezelfde onzekerheid. In het ene geval wordt die uitgedrukt in het verlies van een kans op een beter behandelingsresultaat en in het andere in een getal dat de veroorzakingswaarschijnlijkheid aanduidt. Zo bezien, zou het niet moeten uitmaken welk leerstuk men toepast. De praktijk laat echter zien dat het in een aantal gevallen wel degelijk uitmaakt welk leerstuk wordt gebruikt. Dat biedt steun aan de opvatting dat hier sprake is van meer dan een louter dogmatisch onderscheid. In deze bijdrage wordt die gedachte verder uitgewerkt en wordt duidelijk gemaakt in welke gevallen de ene, dan wel de andere methode de voorkeur verdient.
Seguir o no seguir estudios. Recompensas de las ocupaciones masculinas y femeninas de baja y media cualificación
Authors: Ibáñez Marta , Vicente María Rosalía
Published: July 2021

La segregación ocupacional por género estructura el mercado laboral y las aspiraciones profesionales de los jóvenes en formación. En este artículo se relaciona el tipo de recompensas asociadas a los trabajos femeninos y masculinos de baja y media cualificación para comprobar si en los femeninos las mujeres sufren una mayor penalización por no tener estudios en comparación con los masculinos. A través de regresiones logísticas mutinomiales, se comparan las recompensas laborales de las ocupaciones masculinas, femeninas y neutras, y se plantean distintos modelos según se consideren ocupaciones elementales u ocupaciones que demandan estudios medios, con la inclusión de diferentes medidas de sobrecualificación para analizar posibles efectos de desplazamiento. Los resultados confirman que las ocupaciones femeninas de baja y media cualificación tienen menores recompensas pecuniarias frente a sus homólogas masculinas. Además, la presencia del trabajo a tiempo parcial en estas ocupaciones es muy superior a las masculinas. Este resultado sugiere una mayor presión de las mujeres para continuar estudios y ayuda a comprender mejor su esfuerzo educativo. No se aprecia la existencia de un efecto desplazamiento de los trabajadores más cualificados sobre los menos. Eso sí, los trabajos masculinos de cuello azul, que en teoría necesitarían estudios medios superiores, presentan un elevado nivel de infraeducación que no se penaliza en términos salariales. Estos resultados plantean la necesidad de ampliar el marco explicativo a la hora de entender por qué los varones tienden en mayor proporción a no seguir estudios posobligatorios. Además, se añaden las expectativas y la visión de unos y otras sobre el mercado laboral.
Connaissances, attitudes et croyances concernant le dépistage du cancer du col utérin dans le District d’Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam au Ghana
Authors: Sampson Charlotte Naa , Nkpeebo Samuel Donkor , Degley Thywill Amenuveve
Published: July 2021

L’étude a été menée dans le district d’Ajumako-Eyan-Essiam (AEED) et visait à évaluer les connaissances, attitudes et croyances des femmes relativement au dépistage du cancer du col utérin. Au Ghana, ce cancer vient au deuxième rang des causes de cancer gynécologique. Dans les études et la pratique clinique effectuées auprès de femmes atteintes de cancer du col utérin, le diagnostic précoce, le traitement et la prévention du cancer sont largement influencés par leurs connaissances et leurs attitudes envers le dépistage. À ce jour, on ne dispose pas d’étude sur ces perceptions chez les femmes dans le district d’AEED. Un devis transversal quantitatif a été utilisé avec une analyse statistique descriptive de données provenant de 240 femmes. Les résultats ont révélé que 61,3 % d’entre elles ne savaient pas quel organe était touché lors d’un cancer du col utérin ou à quel intervalle un suivi était nécessaire après un résultat de test Pap normal; il y aurait donc des lacunes dans les connaissances. Au total, 36 % croyaient que le test de Papanicolaou (test Pap) était effectué une fois pour toutes, et 57,1 % pensaient qu’il était dispendieux, ce qui limite la participation au dépistage. Par peur de l’inconnu, beaucoup de répondantes avaient refusé le dépistage (48,8 %) alors que d’autres croyaient qu’elles n’étaient pas à risque (65,8 %). De plus, bon nombre de femmes (46,7 %) pensaient qu’il n’y avait pas de traitement contre le cancer du col. En conclusion, les connaissances fausses et inadéquates de ces femmes ont influencé leurs attitudes envers le dépistage du cancer.
The relationships of unmet needs with quality of life and characteristics of Indonesian gynecologic cancer survivors
Authors: Afiyanti Yati , Besral Besral , Haryani Haryani , Milanti Ariesta , Nasution Lina Anisa , Wahidi Kemala Rita , Gayatri Dewi
Published: July 2021

Gynecologic cancer survivors’ complex needs are too often overlooked. This study aimed to identify the associations between unmet needs and quality of life, and selected characteristics of Indonesian gynecologic cancer survivors. This study was a cross-sectional, correlation study. A total of 298 participants completed the Cancer Survivor Unmet Needs (CaSUN), EORTC QLQ-C30, and demographic and clinical-related questionnaires. A higher level of unmet needs was linked to lower perceived quality of life. Higher levels of unmet needs were associated with younger age, lower income, higher educational background, shorter time since diagnosis, more advanced cancer stage, and having combination therapies (p < 0.05). The most frequently reported unmet need of the Indonesian gynecologic cancer survivors was financial support (70.5%). The gynecologic cancer survivors who had completed primary treatment need continuous comprehensive cancer care to help them cope with the lingering or emerging problems related to cancer and its treatment.
The concept of coping in male spouses of Iranian women with breast cancer: A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach
Authors: Noveiri Marzieh Jahani Sayad , Shamsaei Farshid , Khodaveisi Masoud , Vanaki Zohreh , Tapak Lily
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is a multidimensional crisis that affects not just the patient, but the spouse and other family members. Coping with this phenomenon, as one of the important challenges for the families and spouses, requires investigation. Understanding more about how spouses of women with breast cancer cope with this crisis could lead to better performance of spouses in front of their wives and raise their wives’ quality of life. Purpose: The study was conducted to explore the concept of coping based on the lived experiences of spouses of women with breast cancer. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach in Hamedan and Rasht cities in Iran in 2019. Participants included 20 spouses of women with breast cancer selected by a purposive sampling method. Data were collected through unstructured face-to-face interviews and analyzed using van Manen’s six-stage phenomenological method. Results: The lived experiences of participants showed that the phenomenon of coping in spouses of women with breast cancer included five themes: Emotional pain, Shouldering the burden of care, Striving for family life cohesion, Future in ambiguity, and Sense of loss of self concept. Understanding the concept of coping in the spouses of women with breast cancer in health strategies can help wives achieve effective adaptation and also help professionals take effective measures in the field of medical care for patients and their spouses.
The outcome of chemotherapeutic regimen by high-risk pre-B-cell protocol in ALL children
Authors: Fathi Afshin , Mirzarahimi Mehrdad , Farajkhah Homa
Published: July 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of chemotherapeutic regimen by high-risk pre-B-cell potocol in ALL children. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 children who were treated with the Children Oncology Group (COG) protocol from September 2010 to February 2015 to evaluate the chemotherapeutic regimen results. Results: There was a complete recovery rate of 76.4% during the first week after treatment. Three-year overall survival was 85.5% and five-year overall survival was 81%. Relapse rate after first remission was 20% and death after relapse was 50%. Thirty percent of total deaths were at the induction period. All of the deceased cases died due to sepsis. Conclusion: Results showed that the survival rate increased. By choosing the COG protocol and by controlling infection in patients without considering the risk group we can improve survival rates.
Caesarean Section
Authors: J. Mashamba Tshililo
Published: July 2021

Caesarean section is a procedure performed to save the life of the fetus and sometime to save the life of the woman. Although risks are low, affected women suffer from severe complications. The first caesarean section performed has a bearing on management of subsequent pregnancies. It is crucial that the procedure is performed when necessary. The evolution of caesarean section has shown marked improvement in maternal outcome especially after the introduction of antibiotics. The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics may lead to rethinking about the procedure performed long ago to try and minimised complications related to sepsis. Complications of caesarean sections are common in patients who have had a previous caesarean section. Training in previous caesarean sections will be vital in preventing these complications.
Basic Concepts of Information Systems
Authors: Zemmouchi-Ghomari Leila
Published: July 2021

This chapter covers the basic concepts of the information systems (IS) field to prepare the reader to quickly approach the book’s other chapters: the Definition of information, the notion of system, and, more particularly, information systems. We also discuss the typology of IS according to the managerial level and decision-making in the IS. Furthermore, we describe information systems applications covering functional areas and focusing on the execution of business processes across the enterprise, including all management levels. We briefly discuss the aspects related to IS security that ensure the protection and integrity of information. We continue our exploration by presenting several metrics, mainly financial, to assess the added value of IS in companies. Next, we present a brief description of a very fashionable approach to make the information system evolve in all coherence, which is the urbanization of IS. We conclude this chapter with some IS challenges focusing on the leading causes of IS implementation’s failure and success.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Livinalli Annemeri , Freire Galvão Taís
Published: July 2021

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have emerged in the 1990 decade as an important option for cancer treatment. These molecules have a diverse set of clinically relevant antitumor mechanisms, directly targeting tumor cells. It has been established as “standard of care” for several human cancers. This chapter reviews the use of monoclonal antibodies in oncology and introduces available biosimilars. The requirements for biosimilar antibody development, mechanisms of action and current clinical applications for cancer treatment is also presented.
Current Approaches in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Saka Didem , Boynukara Can , Reyyan Çadırcıbaşı Elif , Şişman Gürhan
Published: July 2021

Chronic pancreatitis is a fibroinflammatory syndrome of the pancreas that results in exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency and chronic pain. It can be seen in all age groups depending on the etiologic factors. It is believed that alcohol is one of the major etiologic factors of chronic pancreatitis, but it is now recognized that alcohol is responsible for 50% of the cases. Mutations in many genes such as PRSS1, SPINK1, CTRC, CFTR are identified as causative or predisposing factors for CP. Early diagnosis and staging of CP are still a challenge in clinic. Although the chief complaint of patients with CP is abdominal pain, CP can cause many disorders such as diabetes or metabolic bone diseases. The treatment of CP mainly depends on the severity of the disease and morphology of the pancreas. Medical therapy, endoscopy and surgery are all used for the treatment of CP and its complications.
Can We Entangle Entanglement?
Authors: Guha Majumdar Mrittunjoy
Published: July 2021

In this chapter, nested multilevel entanglement is formulated and discussed in terms of Matryoshka states. The generation of such states that contain nested patterns of entanglement, based on an anisotropic XY model has been proposed. Two classes of multilevel-entanglement- the Matryoshka Q-GHZ states and Matryoshka generalised GHZ states, are studied. Potential applications of such resource states, such as for quantum teleportation of arbitrary one, two and three qubits states, bidirectional teleportation of arbitrary two qubit states and probabilistic circular controlled teleportation are proposed and discussed, in terms of a Matryoshka state over seven qubits. We also discuss fractal network protocols, surface codes and graph states as well as generation of arbitrary entangled states at remote locations in this chapter.
Probiotic: An Uprising Human Health Concept
Authors: Bhatt Amishi , Kothari Dhyey , Kothari Charmy , Kothari Ramesh
Published: July 2021

Most of our gut microbiota live with us in a mutually beneficial life-long relationship. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in the host’s overall health through its metabolic activities. Human microbiota might be supported by consuming friendly bacteria (probiotics) and consuming foods to improve the microbiota (prebiotics). During the last two decades, probiotics’ interest has increased with rising scientific shreds of evidence of benefits on human health. Hence, they have been exploited as various food products, mainly fermented foods. Probiotics as a treatment modality may restore normal microbiota and functioning of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Strong scientific evidence is associating these bacteria with the prevention and therapy of various GI disorders. (In light of the ongoing trend of probiotics, further research is needed to obtain the perspective of potential applications for better health. Probiotic applications have been extended from health applications to food and agricultural applications. The benefits of probiotics led to its applications in probiotic ‘health food’ industries and agricultural sectors.
Impact of Covid-19 on Agricultural System and Food Prices: The Case of India
Authors: Ranjan Jena Pradyot , Kalli Rajesh , Chandra Tanti Purna
Published: July 2021

The present study focused on evaluating the impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the agriculture system in India. A telephonic interview was conducted with farmers among various states between April to May 2020. A total of 494 farmers participated in the survey identifying the challenges they faced during the lockdown. First, the study has outlined the knowledge and perception of respondents on the Covid-19 virus and second the impact of Covid 19 induced restrictions on the agricultural system and food prices in India has been analyzed. The study classified the impact of lockdown on the agriculture system into four broad classifications - Farm Inputs, Farm Produce and Supply Chain, Agriculture and Allied Activities, Pandemic and Food prices. The detailed analysis across these four dimensions is discussed. Due to the shutdown of many supply routes, the availability of agricultural inputs such as fertilizer and seeds was disrupted, which jeopardized farmers’ investment planning. Furthermore, the seasonal migrants who would work in urban areas enter off-season and return to their native villages for farming could not carry it on. Such a rapid chain of events created massive short-run income shortages for small and marginalized farmers across the country. The special economic package for agriculture empowerment announced by the Government of India in the tune of two lakh crore rupees, equivalent to ten per cent of India’s GDP, has been the government’s first response to deal with this agricultural crisis. Finally, the chapter puts forward policy suggestions to strengthen resource-poor farmers’ capabilities plagued with a low-income-low-yield vicious cycle.
Demand for Health and Healthcare
Authors: Ghorbani Alireza
Published: July 2021

Healthy human beings are the center of sustainable development, and human beings have long sought to maintain and improve their health by increasing their health reserves. In general, the use of services or the demand for medical services has a vital role in improving the level of health of each person. The demand for healthcare is a demand derived from the demand for health and is influenced by several factors, including price, income, population, etc.
Macro Analysis of Climate Change and Agricultural Production in Myanmar
Authors: Htoo Thida
Published: July 2021

This study attempts to examine the effect of climate change on agricultural production in Myanmar. The study is based on country level data of Myanmar cereal crops for the time span of 2009 to 2019 obtained from various sources such as FAO STAT and Department of Agriculture and Department of Meteorology. This study is mainly used by multiple regression model to find out the best fit in the model. The research found that a 1°C increase in temperature in the growing period may decrease with production of cereal by 3849347 ton. A 1mm increase in rainfall in the growing period may decrease production of cereal by 5762 ton. The research found that change in temperature is adversely affected on production of cereal crops in Myanmar. The policies aiming to enhance production of cereal crops should focus on adoption of climate change adaptation measures in Myanmar.
Acetogenic Pretreatment as an Energy Efficient Method for Treatment of Textile Processing Wastewater
Authors: Reza Khandaker Nadim , Moshiur Rahman Mohammad , Salima Diba De
Published: July 2021

This chapter will introduce the concept of a novel application of acetogenic pretreatment of textile processing wastewater. Acetogenic pretreatment is traditionally limited to high solids, easy to degrade wastewater to enhance degradation for methane generation. The application of the acetogenic process to a complex wastewater from textile processing facilities is novel and has the potential to remove color, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand in an energy efficient manner compared to the existing extended aeration processes applied in the industry. The application of the acetogenic process can be achieved to existing treatment facilities with minimum retrofit. The acetogenic operation will ensure the treatment process becoming greener with a small carbon footprint to achieve the goal of efficient wastewater treatment.