bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in Boileau class 1 and class 2 proximal humeral fracture sequelae: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Chua Nina , Onggo James R , Nambiar Mithun , Onggo Jason D , Wang Kemble K , Pennington Richard , Hau Raphael
Published: March 2022

Background

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is an increasingly popular salvage treatment option for proximal humeral fracture (PHF) sequelae. This meta-analysis aimed to conduct a pooled analysis of functional outcomes of RTSA in PHF sequelae, with subgroup analysis comparing between intracapsular (Class 1) and extracapsular (Class 2) PHF sequelae.

Methods

A multi-database search (PubMed, OVID, EMBASE) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on 27th July 2020. Data from all published literature meeting inclusion criteria were extracted and analysed.

Findings

Eleven studies were included, comprising 359 shoulders (167 Class 1 and 192 Class 2). The mean age was 68.2 years, and the mean time between injury and surgery was 49 months, (1–516 months). Constant score and forward flexion improved by 31.8 (95%CI: 30.5–33.1, p < 0.001) and 60o (95%CI: 58o-62o, p < 0.001) respectively between pre-operative and post-operative values for both groups. Constant scores were better in Class 1 patients (MD = 3.60, 95%CI: 1.0–6.2, p < 0.001) pre-operatively and post-operatively (MD = 7.4, 95%CI: 5.8–9.0, p < 0.001). Forward flexion was significantly better in Class 1 patients (MD = 13o, 95%CI: 7o-17o, p < 0.001) pre-operatively, but was slightly better in Class 2 patients post-operatively (MD = 7o, 95%CI: 4o-10o, p < 0.001). Overall complication rate was 16.8%.

Conclusion

Salvage RTSA is effective for PHF sequelae, with multiple factors contributing to the high complication rate.
Brachial plexus deficits in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Cochrane Elliott , Vollans Sam , Bourke Gráinne
Published: March 2022

Background

Nerve deficit following shoulder arthroplasty can cause significant morbidity. We examined the incidence and pattern of nerve injury following shoulder arthroplasty in a University Hospital.

Methods

Retrospective review of all patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty over a five-year period (September 2014 to August 2019). Patients were identified using clinical codes and relevant data extracted by review of patient records. We excluded patients with preoperative nerve injuries.

Results

220 arthroplasties were performed in 210 patients. The overall nerve deficit rate was 2.3% (5/220). Five nerve deficits occurred following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). In two patients, nerve recovery occurred within 12 months. Two patients had persistent deficits at 12 months. One patient had a deficit at seven months, but incomplete follow up. There was no clear documentation of discussions with clinicians specialising in nerve injury.

Conclusion

Nerve injury rates in our series for rTSA are low and comparable to systematic review data. We purport that for rTSA, adequate soft tissue releases, careful arm positioning and retraction alongside limiting over-lowering the centre of rotation may prevent nerve injuries. A postoperative nerve deficit should warrant an opinion from a specialist in nerve surgery with clear referral pathways to allow efficient access to services.
Multimedia Data-Based Mobile Applications for Dietary Assessment
Authors: Vasiloglou Maria F. , Marcano Isabel , Lizama Sergio , Papathanail Ioannis , Spanakis Elias K. , Mougiakakou Stavroula
Published: March 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are chronic medical conditions associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Accurate macronutrient and energy estimation could be beneficial in attempts to manage DM and obesity, leading to improved glycemic control and weight reduction, respectively. Existing dietary assessment methods are subject to major errors in measurement, are time consuming, are costly, and do not provide real-time feedback. The increasing adoption of smartphones and artificial intelligence, along with the advances in algorithms and hardware, allowed the development of technologies executed in smartphones that use food/beverage multimedia data as an input, and output information about the nutrient content in almost real time. Scope of this review was to explore the various image-based and video-based systems designed for dietary assessment. We identified 22 different systems and divided these into three categories on the basis of their setting for evaluation: laboratory (12), preclinical (7), and clinical (3). The major findings of the review are that there is still a number of open research questions and technical challenges to be addressed and end users—including health care professionals and patients—need to be involved in the design and development of such innovative solutions. Last, there is a clear need that these systems should be validated under unconstrained real-life conditions and that they should be compared with conventional methods for dietary assessment.
In Silico and in Vitro Evaluation of Alkaloids from Goniothalamus elegans Ast. for Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Tran Linh Thuy Thi , Dang Nhi Yen Thi , Nguyen Le Nguyen Thao , Nguyen Hoai Thi , Ho Duc Viet , Do Thao Thi , Tran Manh Hung , Nguyen Tan Khanh , Pham Phu Tran Vinh
Published: March 2022

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. In this study, liriodenine and lysicamine from Goniothalamus elegans Ast. were investigated for their anti-breast cancer activity based on their molecular interactions with three proteins related to breast cancer. Liriodenine had predicted binding affinities for BRCA1, BRCA2, and estrogen receptor alpha of −6.2, −7.9, and −8.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Lysicamine had predicted binding affinities of −5.8, −7.2, and 7.6 kcal/mol. To evaluate the biological activity of liriodenine and lysicamine, we studied their in vitro cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells. These alkaloids showed significant inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 33.31 and 70.03 µM. These results suggest that Goniothalamus elegans could be a promising medical plant for breast cancer treatment. Further studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms and improve the toxicity of liriodenine and lysicamine for clinical use.
Generating Plan Layouts: A Case Study on Visualization of Implicit Knowledge by “Doctor Architects”
Authors: Kasali Altug
Published: March 2022

Aim:

This article presents an opportunistic case with particular focus on instances from an extended procurement operation in which medical professionals run a proactive process involving the generation of layouts through distinct modes of representational practices without any actual collaboration with designers. The questions of inquiry involve an analysis on how the visualizations came into being and a discussion into the content of drawings that was shaped by individuals without any formal design education.

Background:

Although the literature introduces examples of genuine participation, particularly in healthcare design practices, the instances in which nondesigners demonstrate accomplished skills in spatial reasoning and representation are limited.

Method:

The research was formulated as a qualitative case study including a series of observations of the activities of the participants followed by interviews recorded at different locations. The investigation also focuses on the features of these authentic graphics which illustrate the intentions of the medical professionals concerning the function of spaces.

Results:

In this research, the participants went through a labor intensive and elaborate effort to produce “architectural representations” with the intention to convey their implicit professional expertise in the domain. The layouts were introduced to be the vital elements to visualize the implicit knowledge regarding the functioning of space.

Conclusions:

The productive and creative engagement of clinicians within this research makes the case for a multidisciplinary approach that reframes the limits and potential contributions of participants alongside drawings, which are exclusively claimed by and strategically employed by architects as negotiation devices within participatory design processes.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Increased Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Son Dae-Soon , Cho Min Seob , Kim Dong-Kyu
Published: March 2022

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is often associated with other comorbidities due to chronic inflammation. However, no population-based, longitudinal study has investigated the relationship between CRS and chronic skin inflammation.

Objective

To investigate the potential relationship between CRS and chronic skin inflammatory diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, and psoriasis.

Methods

A total of 5638 patients with CRS and 11 276 without CRS as a comparison group, were included from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from 2002–2013. A propensity score matching (1:2) was performed using the nearest neighbor matching method, sociodemographic factors, and enrollment year. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the hazard ratio of CRS for AD, vitiligo, and psoriasis.

Results

Results from this study showed that patients with CRS had no significant risk of the subsequent development of vitiligo or psoriasis compared to patients without CRS. However, we found a significantly higher incidence of AD in CRS patients than in those without CRS. The incidence of AD was 63.59 per 1000 person-years in the CRS group and 45.38 per 1000 person-years in the comparison group. Additionally, young and middle-aged CRS patients were independently associated with a higher incidence of subsequent AD events, but we could not find a significantly higher incidence of AD events in the elderly group.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest there are no significant differences in the overall risk of vitiligo and psoriasis events in patients with CRS; however, we detected a higher risk of AD in young and middle-aged CRS patients. Therefore, clinicians should consider the risk of developing AD in specific patients who are newly diagnosed with CRS.
Self-reported turnover intention and associated factors among health professionals in Kafa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Tilahun , Abera Tesfaye , Tilahun Ayele , Tadese Abiy , Yadesa Tadele
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess turnover intention and its associated factors among health professionals in Kafa Zone, Southwest, Ethiopia, 2018.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study design relied on institution that was employed from 1–30 May 2019. Questionnaires were distributed to 427 participants who were selected by simple random sampling technique from selected health facilities. Epi Data Statistical software version 3.1 for data entry and Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 21.0 for data analysis were used. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with turnover intention. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to examine associations, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Result:

Overall, 427 questionnaires were distributed, and 389 were returned making 91.1% response rate. Majority of the respondents were between the age of 21 and 30 years and more than half were male. More than half, 219 (56.3%), of the participants reported that they intended to leave their institution. Being female (adjusted odds ratio 2.65, 95% confidence interval (1.62–4.33)), married (adjusted odds ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval (0.34–0.96)), degree holders (adjusted odds ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval (0.34–0.89)), autonomous (adjusted odds ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval (0.31–0.84) and not satisfied with living place condition (adjusted odds ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval (1.0–2.83)) were found to have statistically significant association with intention to leave among health professionals in Kafa Zone.

Conclusion:

Turnover intention of health professionals was high in study area. Sex, educational status, marital status, autonomous, and living place condition were the identified predictors of turnover intention among health professionals. The health managers and stakeholders at different levels should have a discussion session with staff to cut the intention to leave the organization.
Examining dissimilar interactions enabling late payments, underpayments and non-payments to construction contractors
Authors: Kenyatta Mark Obegi , Gwaya Abednego Oswald , Munguti Masu Sylvester , Ajwang Patrick
Published: March 2022

Previous research linked late, underpaid, and non-paid contractors to various performance issues. However, the degree to which these differences in practices enable the problem under design-bid-build contracting is unknown. To address this gap, expert interviews were used to rate 11 incompatible practices. One-mode matrices were computed by utilizing social network analysis methods. Using metrics like structural equivalence and Euclidean distance, the study established that different indexes have different connections to the payment problem. The most significant index suggests the issue is a low-cost acquisition strategy. The strategy's misaligned interests were also corroborated by the hierarchical clustering and block modelling results. The study contributes to the methodology of assessing the efficacy of existing payment default remedies, rationalization of intermediary roles, and illustrates deviations from the general contracting principles.
Sources of measurement error in pediatric intelligence testing
Authors: Torres van Grinsven Vanessa
Published: March 2022

Pediatric intelligence tests, such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, are commonly used diagnostic tools used in the process of diagnosing learning and behavior disabilities. Decisions concerning treatment are made based on the results of these tests and they are frequently used in educational and vocational contexts for important decisions that impact persons’ academic or professional lives. Research has however shown that important errors may occur despite the application of validation processes and adherence to quality criteria for psychometric tests. At the same time this evidence seems not to be pervasively acknowledged in psychological practice and research. In this article, I will showcase research that places attention on sources of measurement error in pediatric intelligence testing, discuss a process-performance approach to measurement in intelligence testing, and propose the “pretest methods,” methods stemming from the field of survey methodology commonly used in questionnaire construction, as a method to help address the problem of sources of measurement error in pediatric intelligence testing and improve the development of these intelligence tests.
CalTAD is the Key Evaluation Tool for Measurement of Cephalic Fixation Position for Predicting Cut-Out in Geriatric Intertrochanteric Fracture Patients with Internal Fixations after Achieving Acceptable Reduction
Authors: Yang Yun-fa , Huang Jian-wen , Gao Xiao-sheng
Published: March 2022

Objective

To discover the key evaluation tool of the cephalic fixation position for predicting implant failures in geriatric intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) patients treated with internal fixations after achieving an acceptable reduction.

Methods

We measured the geriatric ITF patients undergoing single-screw cephalomedullary nailing (CMN) fixation surgery after obtaining the acceptable reduction (including anatomical reduction and positive medial cortex support reduction) in our treatment group between September 2016 and March 2020 by using four kinds of cephalic fixation position evaluation tools including Cleveland zone system, Parker’s ratio index, tip–apex distance (TAD), calcar-referenced TAD (CalTAD), and analyzed which were the key evaluation tools for measurement of cephalic fixation position for prediction of implant failures in geriatric ITF patients with internal fixations.

Results

Seventy-four ITF patients treated with single-screw CMN fixation after obtaining the acceptable reduction were enrolled in this study. Of the 74 patients, nine cases were observed with implant failures. There were six cases of cut-out and three of pending cut-out. We found that TAD (odds ratio (OR)=1.149; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00–1.32; P=.046) and CalTAD (OR=1.140; 95% CI, 1.00–1.30; P=.037) were risk factors for implant failures by univariate analysis, while only CalTAD (OR=1.200; 95% CI, 1.032–1.395; P=.018) was the independent risk factor for implant failures by multivariate analysis. The Kappa coefficient (κ) of CalTAD was .976 (95% CI, .966–.984) by ICC analysis. The ROC analysis showed that the best cut-off value of CalTAD was 23.76 mm with a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 72.3% (area under the curve, AUC =.775; P = .001).

Conclusions

CalTAD is the key evaluation tool for measurement of cephalic fixation position for predicting implant failures in geriatric ITF patients treated with single-screw CMN after obtaining the acceptable reduction.
A Study on the Effect of Emotional Solidarity on Memorable Tourism Experience and Destination Loyalty in Volunteer Tourism
Authors: Jiang Li , Eck Thomas , An Soyoung
Published: March 2022

Memorable tourism experience is regarded as an important concept in understanding tourists’ travel experiences; however, emotional solidarity toward local residents and its influence on volunteer tourists has not been studied in the field of volunteer tourism. To fill this research gap, this study proposes a theoretical model that integrates emotional solidarity (which consists of three dimensions: feeling welcomed, emotional closeness, and sympathetic understanding), with memorable tourism experience and destination loyalty. The results show that volunteer tourists’ perceptions of emotional closeness and sympathetic understanding with residents directly affect tourists’ loyalty to the destination. In particular, the relationships involving volunteer tourists’ feeling welcomed by residents, emotional closeness, and sympathetic understanding with residents, and destination loyalty were all mediated by memorable tourism experience. This study contributes to the revitalization of volunteer tourism by examining the impact of emotional factors developed with local residents on the tourism experience of volunteer tourists while visiting the area.
Regional Tourism Performance Research: Knowledge Foundation, Discipline Structure, and Academic Frontier
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2022

In order to promote the prosperity and development of the research on “regional tourism performance” and better guide the practice of regional tourism development, this paper gives a basic and comprehensive review of the research activities on “regional tourism performance.” Data were collected from 418 English papers (2004–2020) collected from the Web of Science database. This study uses CiteSpace and Gephi to analyze the development of the thematic research from four dimensions: research overview, knowledge base, discipline structure, and research frontier. The study found that “regional tourism performance” is still a hot spot of the future. The existing literature on “regional tourism performance” mainly focuses on constructing models, exploring influencing factors, and innovating management models to improve tourist satisfaction, enhance regional tourism competitiveness, and promote regional economic growth. Panel data, entropy index, data envelopment analysis, bootstrap truncated regression models, coupling coordination degree, and spatial variation are the main research methods. Since 2016, cultural tourism, heritage tourism, rural tourism, tourism destinations competitiveness, and regional tourism governance have become hot topics in the thematic research. This paper is helpful to improve the research efficiency of the thematic research, promote the theoretical results to better guide the practice, and improve the level of regional tourism performance. However, this paper has limitations in terms of concept differentiation and data accuracy.
Posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty increases the risk of postoperative periprosthetic fractures
Authors: Elkabbani Mohamed , Haidar Feras , Osman Amr , Adie Yosra , Dragos Apostu , Tarabichi Samih
Published: March 2022

Background

The Insall-Burstein posterior-stabilized knee design was first developed in 1978 by adding a central cam mechanism to the articular surface geometry of the total condylar prosthesis to correct its problems being not “rolling back”. Since then, the use of posterior-stabilized (PS) implants in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is becoming increasingly popular. However, one of the main disadvantages of PS designs is related to the amount of bone removed during femoral box osteotomy to create the housing of the PS mechanism, the clinical value of removing more or less bone during primary TKA remains to be fully established. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of early postoperative periprosthetic fractures in the cruciate retaining (CR) and posterior stabilized (PS) knee prosthesis.

Methods

An institutional high volume arthroplasty unit database was reviewed to identify all patients who sustained a postoperative periprosthetic fracture following primary TKA between January 2014 and May 2018. A retrospective chart review was performed to collect clinical, radiographic, and operative report data. A total of 352 patients with 600 primary TKAs were identified. (300 cases of cruciate retaining TKAs from 178 patients and 300 cases of posterior stabilized TKAs from 174 patients) were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Eleven patients (1.83%) sustained periprosthetic fractures in the postoperative setting following primary TKA. All of the fractures were located on the femur and were treated surgically. Only one knee (one patient) from the CR group sustained a periprosthetic fracture, while 10 knees (from 10 patients) from the PS group sustained a fracture. The relative risk of sustaining a fracture in the CR group was 0.10 times relative to the PS group (RR   =   0.10, 95% CI 0.0129 – 0.776).

Conclusion

Posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) significantly increase the risk of periprosthetic fractures in obese Asian patients compared to cruciate retaining TKAs.
Do the Preceding Self-service Technologies Influence Mobile Banking Adoption?
Authors: Aslam Wajeeha , de Luna Iviane Ramos , Asim Muhammad , Farhat Kashif
Published: March 2022

The study aims to identify the role of preceding self-service technologies (SSTs) in the adoption of mobile banking (m-banking). More specifically, the study examines the impact of attitude (AT), perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of online banking (o-banking) and ATM in the adoption of m-banking. By using the non-probability purposive sampling technique, the data was gathered through a structured questionnaire from the non-users of m-banking. The partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was employed on 257 useful responses to assess the hypotheses. The findings provided evidence that the AT towards ATMs and o-banking significantly affects the AT towards m-banking (ATMB). Moreover, the PEOU of ATM and o-banking significantly affects the PEOU of m-banking. However, in the case of PU, only the usefulness of o-banking affects the usefulness of m-banking. The results also reveal that the AT, PEOU and PU of m-banking affect the intention to adopt m-banking (IMB). The study benefits the banking industry as it provides insights on how banks can use their preceding SSTs in developing a consumer’s intention to use m-banking. This is one of the early studies that considers the effect of PEOU and PU of previous SSTs on the adoption of m-banking. The multi-channel perspective, that is, ATMs and o-banking in the adoption of m-banking, also offers additional valuable insights and contributes to the literature of technology adoption. In the past, studies have not focused on the spillover effects of preceding SSTs. However, mature channels could be used in boosting a new channel.
Evidence-Based Nursing Practice in Ghana
Authors: Anaman-Torgbor Judith A. , Nyande Felix K. , Amenuke Margaret , Gyapong Bernice , Dodunoo Dzifa , Tarkang Elvis
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The nursing profession in the 21st century requires service delivery in a highly specialized nursing environment with a high degree of professionalism and optimum patient outcome. Evidence-Based Nursing Practice (EBP) may provide a great opportunity for moving nursing care to a level that may involve clinical reasoning to meet demand in the 21st century and beyond, improve patient outcome and cost containment.

Objective

To investigate evidence-based nursing practice among nurses in Ghana.

Methods

This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey and data was collected among clinical nurses and nurse educators from both private and public institutions across Ghana. Nurses were included if they have full-time or part-time appointment; were in active service and have a valid Personal Identification Number (PIN) from the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Ghana.

Results

About half of the nurses disagreed or were neutral regarding formulation of answerable research questions and 40% do not critically track relevant scientific evidence. Also, more than 30% of the nurses disagreed or were neutral regarding the integration of scientific evidence into practice. Clinical nurses were about 2.1 times more likely to have difficulty determining the applicability of research findings in service delivery compared to nurse educators.

Conclusion

The findings suggest EBP uptake and integration is suboptimal in Ghana.
European Stroke Organisation guidelines on stroke in women: Management of menopause, pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Kremer Christine , Gdovinova Zuzana , Bejot Yannick , Heldner Mirjam R , Zuurbier Susanna , Walter Silke , Lal Avtar , Epple Corina , Lorenzano Svetlana , Mono Marie-Luise , Karapanayiotides Theodore , Krishnan Kailash , Jovanovic Dejana , Dawson Jesse , Caso Valeria
Published: March 2022

Pregnancy, postpartum and menopause are regarded as periods women are more vulnerable to ischaemic events. There are conflicting results regarding stroke risk and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause. Stroke in pregnancy is generally increasing with serious consequences for mother and child; therefore, recommendations for acute treatment with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are needed. The aim of this guideline is to support and guide clinicians in treatment decisions in stroke in women. Following the “Grading of Recommendations and Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)” approach, the guidelines were developed according to the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Standard Operating Procedure. Systematic reviews and metanalyses were performed. Based on available evidence, recommendations were provided. Where there was a lack of evidence, an expert consensus statement was given. Low quality of evidence was found to suggest against the use of HRT to reduce the risk of stroke (ischaemic and haemorrhagic) in postmenopausal women. No data was available on the outcome of women with stroke when treated with HRT. No sufficient evidence was found to provide recommendations for treatment with IVT or MT during pregnancy, postpartum and menstruation. The majority of members suggested that pregnant women can be treated with IVT after assessing the benefit/risk profile on an individual basis, all members suggested treatment with IVT during postpartum and menstruation. All members suggested treatment with MT during pregnancy. The guidelines highlight the need to identify evidence for stroke prevention and acute treatment in women in more vulnerable periods of their lifetime to generate reliable data for future guidelines.
Transfer Path Contribution to Floor Vibration of Metro Vehicles Based on Operational Transfer Path Analysis Method
Authors: Peng Laixian , Han Jian , Nie Jiaxing , Xiao Xinbiao , Mi Caiying
Published: March 2022

Operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) is an advanced vibration and noise transfer path identification and contribution evaluation method. However, the application of OTPA to rail transit vehicles considers only the excitation amplitude and ignores the influence of the excitation phase. This study considers the influence of the excitation amplitude and phase, and analyzes the contribution of the secondary suspension path to the floor vibration when the metro vehicle runs at 60 km/h, using an analysis based on the OTPA method. The results show that the vertical direction of the anti-rolling torsion bar area provides the maximum contribution to the floor vibration, with a contribution of 22.1%, followed by the longitudinal vibration of the air spring area, with a contribution of 17.1%. Based on the contribution analysis, a transfer path optimization scheme is proposed, which may provide a reference for the optimization of the transfer path of metro vehicles in the future.
Impact of subtrochanteric fractures in the geriatric population: better pre-fracture condition but poorer outcome than pertrochanteric fractures: evidence from the Spanish Hip Fracture Registry
Authors: Aguado Héctor J. , Castillón-Bernal Pablo , Ventura-Wichner Paula S. , Cervera-Díaz María C. , Abarca-Vegas Javier , García-Flórez Luis , Salvador-Carreño Jordi , García-Virto Virginia , Simón-Pérez Clarisa , Ojeda-Thies Cristina , Sáez-López Pilar , González-Montalvo Juan I. ,   RNFC Working Group
Published: March 2022

Background

Clinical management in orthogeriatric units and outcome indicators are similar for extracapsular fragility hip fractures, without discriminating between subtrochanteric and pertrochanteric fractures.

Hypothesis

Geriatric patients, 75 years or older, with subtrochanteric fractures have worse clinical and functional outcomes than those with pertrochanteric fractures.

Materials and methods

Retrospective observational study of data prospectively collected by the Spanish Hip Fracture Registry including patients 75 years or older, admitted for extracapsular hip fractures from January 2017 to June 2019. Demographic and baseline status, pre-operative, post-operative and 30-day follow-up data were included.

Results

A total of 13,939 patients with extracapsular hip fractures were registered: 12,199 (87.5%) pertrochanteric and 1740 (12.5%) subtrochanteric. At admission, patients with subtrochanteric fractures were younger (86.5 ± 5.8 versus 87.1 ± 5.6 years old), had better pre-fracture mobility (3.7 ± 2.7 versus 3.9 ± 2.8) (1-to-10 scale, 1 being independent) and were more likely to be living at home; those with pertrochanteric fractures had worse cognitive function (Pfeiffer 3.3 ± 3.3 versus 3.8 ± 3.5). The subtrochanteric fracture group showed worse post-fracture mobility (7.3 ± 2.7 versus 6.7 ± 2.7) and greater deterioration of mobility (3.7 ± 3.0 versus 2.9 ± 2.7). Among individuals living at home at baseline, those with subtrochanteric fractures were more likely to remain in an assisted facility at 30-day follow-up. In-hospital mortality during acute admission was higher for the subtrochanteric group (5.6% versus 4.5%) (p = 0.028). To our knowledge, this is the first paper highlighting the differences between these two fracture groups in the geriatric population.

Conclusions

Subtrochanteric fractures in the older population are a different and worse entity, with greater morbimortality and functional decline than pertrochanteric fractures. Despite being younger and fitter at admission, older patients with subtrochanteric fractures have a higher risk of remaining non-weight bearing and undergoing re-operation and institutionalization. Orthogeriatric units should be aware of this and manage subtrochanteric fractures accordingly.

Level of evidence: IV.
First report of de novo assembly and annotation from brain and blood transcriptome of an anadromous shad, Alosa sapidissima
Authors: Sarker Kishor Kumar , Lu Liang , Huang Junman , Zhou Tao , Wang Li , Hu Yun , Jiang Lei , Naher Habibon , Baki Mohammad Abdul , Sarker Anirban , Li Chenhong
Published: March 2022

Objectives

American shad (Alosa sapidissima) is an important migratory fish under Alosinae and has long been valued for its economic, nutritional and cultural attributes. Overfishing and barriers across the passage made it vulnerable to sustain. To protect this valuable species, aquaculture action plans have been taken though there are no published genetic resources prevailing yet. Here, we reported the first de novo assembled and annotated transcriptome of A. sapidissima using blood and brain tissues.

Data description

We generated 160,481 and 129,040 non-redundant transcripts from brain and blood tissues. The entire work strategy involved RNA extraction, library preparation, sequencing, de novo assembly, filtering, annotation and validation. Both coding and non-coding transcripts were annotated against Swissprot and Pfam datasets. Nearly, 83% coding transcripts were functionally assigned. Protein clustering with clupeiform and non-clupeiform taxa revealed ~ 82% coding transcripts retained the orthologue relationship which improved confidence over annotation procedure. This study will serve as a useful resource in future for the research community to elucidate molecular mechanisms for several key traits like migration which is fascinating in clupeiform shads.
Genome-wide investigation of the PLD gene family in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): identification, analysis and expression
Authors: Yuan Yuying , Yu Jinqiu , Kong Lingzelai , Zhang Wenkai , Hou Xiangyin , Cui Guowen
Published: March 2022

Background

External environmental factors, such as salt, alkali and drought, severely limit the acreage and yield of alfalfa. The mining of tolerance-related genes in alfalfa and improving the stress resistance of this plant are essential for increasing alfalfa yield. PLD is the main phospholipid hydrolase in plants and plays an important role in plant growth, development, signaling, and resistance to adverse stress. With the availability of whole genome sequences, the annotation and expression of PLDs in alfalfa can now be achieved. At present, few studies have investigated PLDs in alfalfa. Here, we conducted a study of PLDs in alfalfa and identified and analyzed the expression pattern of PLDs under different treatments.

Results

Fifty-nine MsPLDs were identified in alfalfa and classified into six subtypes: MsPLDα, β, γ, δ and ε belong to the C2-PLD subfamily, and MsPLDζ belongs to the PXPH-PLD subfamily. Members of the same PLD subtype have similar physicochemical properties, sequence structure and domains, but their cis-acting elements are different. A qRT-PCR analysis revealed that MsPLDs are expressed in multiple tissues. MsPLDs can respond to alkali, drought, ABA, IAA, and GA3 treatments and particularly to salt stress. Different expression patterns were found for the same gene under different treatments and different genes under the same treatment. Expression of MsPLD05 improved salt tolerance in yeast.

Conclusion

This study represents the first genome-wide characterization of MsPLDs in alfalfa. Most MsPLDs are expressed mainly in mature leaves and respond positively to abiotic stresses and hormonal treatments. This study further expands the resistance gene pool in legume forage grasses and provides a reference for further in-depth study of MsPLDs in alfalfa.
In vitro and in silico parameters for precise cgMLST typing of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Palma Federica , Mangone Iolanda , Janowicz Anna , Moura Alexandra , Chiaverini Alexandra , Torresi Marina , Garofolo Giuliano , Criscuolo Alexis , Brisse Sylvain , Di Pasquale Adriano , Cammà Cesare , Radomski Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Background

Whole genome sequencing analyzed by core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) is widely used in surveillance of the pathogenic bacteriaListeria monocytogenes. Given the heterogeneity of available bioinformatics tools to define cgMLST alleles, our aim was to identify parameters influencing the precision of cgMLST profiles.

Methods

We used threeL. monocytogenesreference genomes from different phylogenetic lineages and assessed the impact of in vitro (i.e. tested genomes, successive platings, replicates of DNA extraction and sequencing) and in silico parameters (i.e. targeted depth of coverage, depth of coverage, breadth of coverage, assembly metrics, cgMLST workflows, cgMLST completeness) on cgMLST precision made of 1748 core loci. Six cgMLST workflows were tested, comprising assembly-based (BIGSdb, INNUENDO, GENPAT, SeqSphere and BioNumerics) and assembly-free (i.e. kmer-based MentaLiST) allele callers. Principal component analyses and generalized linear models were used to identify the most impactful parameters on cgMLST precision.

Results

The isolate’s genetic background, cgMLST workflows, cgMLST completeness, as well as depth and breadth of coverage were the parameters that impacted most on cgMLST precision (i.e. identical alleles against reference circular genomes). All workflows performed well at ≥40X of depth of coverage, with high loci detection (> 99.54% for all, except for BioNumerics with 97.78%) and showed consistent cluster definitions using the reference cut-off of ≤7 allele differences.

Conclusions

This highlights that bioinformatics workflows dedicated to cgMLST allele calling are largely robust when paired-end reads are of high quality and when the sequencing depth is ≥40X.
Dietary lignans, plasma enterolactone levels, and metabolic risk in men: exploring the role of the gut microbiome
Authors: Li Yanping , Wang Fenglei , Li Jun , Ivey Kerry L. , Wilkinson Jeremy E. , Wang Dong D. , Li Ruifeng , Liu Gang , Eliassen Heather A. , Chan Andrew T. , Clish Clary B. , Huttenhower Curtis , Hu Frank B. , Sun Qi , Rimm Eric B.
Published: March 2022

Background

The conversion of plant lignans to bioactive enterolignans in the gastrointestinal tract is mediated through microbial processing. The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between lignan intake, plasma enterolactone concentrations, gut microbiome composition, and metabolic risk in free-living male adults.

Results

In 303 men participating in the Men’s Lifestyle Validation Study (MLVS), lignan intake was assessed using two sets of 7-day diet records, and gut microbiome was profiled through shotgun sequencing of up to 2 pairs of fecal samples (n = 911). A score was calculated to summarize the abundance of bacteria species that were significantly associated with plasma enterolactone levels. Of the 138 filtered species, plasma enterolactone levels were significantly associated with the relative abundances of 18 species at FDR < 0.05 level. Per SD increment of lignan intake was associated with 20.7 nM (SEM: 2.3 nM) higher enterolactone concentrations among participants with a higher species score, whereas the corresponding estimate was 4.0 nM (SEM: 1.7 nM) among participants with a lower species score (P for interaction < 0.001). A total of 12 plasma metabolites were also significantly associated with these enterolactone-predicting species. Of the association between lignan intake and metabolic risk, 19.8% (95%CI: 7.3%-43.6%) was explained by the species score alone, 54.5% (95%CI: 21.8%-83.7%) by both species score and enterolactone levels, and 79.8% (95%CI: 17.7%-98.6%) by further considering the 12 plasma metabolites.

Conclusion

We identified multiple gut bacteria species that were enriched or depleted at higher plasma levels of enterolactone in men. These species jointly modified the associations of lignan intake with plasma enterolactone levels and explained the majority of association between lignan intake and metabolic risk along with enterolactone levels and certain plasma metabolites.
A prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-arm clinical trial design to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 90Y resin microspheres for the treatment of unresectable HCC: the DOORwaY90 (Duration Of Objective Response with arterial Ytrrium-90) study
Authors: Mahvash Armeen , Chartier Steven , Turco Mark , Habib Paula , Griffith Steven , Brown Scott , Kappadath S. Cheenu
Published: March 2022

Background

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with yttrium-90 (90Y) resin microspheres is an established locoregional treatment option for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which delivers a lethal dose of radiation to hepatic tumors, while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. DOORwaY90 is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, single arm study, designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 90Y resin microspheres as first-line treatment in patients with unresectable/unablatable HCC. It is unique in that it is the first study with resin microspheres to utilize a personalized 90Y dosimetry approach, and independent review for treatment planning and response assessment.

Methods

Eligibility criteria include unresectable/unablatable HCC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A, B1, B2, or C with a maximal single tumor diameter of ≤ 8 cm, and a sum of maximal tumor diameters of ≤ 12 cm, and at least one tumor ≥ 2 cm (long axis) per localized, modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Partition model dosimetry is used to determine the optimal dose; the target mean dose to tumor is ≥ 150 Gy. Patients are assessed at baseline and at regular intervals up until 12 months of treatment for response rates, safety, and quality of life (QoL). Post-treatment dosimetry is used to assess dose delivered to tumor and consider if retreatment is necessary. The co-primary endpoints are best objective response rate and duration of response. Secondary endpoints include grade ≥ 3 toxicity, QoL, and incidence of liver resection and transplantation post SIRT. Target recruitment is 100 patients.

Discussion

The results of this trial should provide further information on the potential use of SIRT with 90Y resin microspheres as first-line therapy for unresectable HCC.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04736121; date of 1st registration, January 27, 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04736121.
Magnifying endoscopic findings of early-stage poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Li Haiyan , Liu Yao , Zhu Jianhong
Published: March 2022

Background

Colorectal poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma is rarely founded, especially in early-stage. Endoscopic features of early poorly differentiated colorectal cancer in magnifying endoscopy and chromoendoscopy haven’t been clarified.

Case presentation

A 49-year-old man was referred to our hospital for endoscopic treatment of a lateral spread tumor located in the rectum. We performed pre-resection endoscopic examination for the patient. In magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining, the lesion showed irregular microvessels and turned out to be poorly stained with predominantly non-structural pit pattern and a few roundish pits scattered on the surface. The histology revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum invading the deep submucosal layer with negative lymphovascular invasion.

Conclusions

In this case report, we presented a case of poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma detected at an early stage, showing interesting endoscopic findings in magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining.
Examination of the characteristics of long-term survivors among patients with gallbladder cancer with liver metastasis who underwent surgical treatment: a retrospective multicenter study (ACRoS1406)
Authors: Higuchi Ryota , Ono Hiroaki , Matsuyama Ryusei , Takemura Yusuke , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Otsubo Takehito , Abe Yuta , Endo Itaru , Tanabe Minoru , Yamamoto Masakazu ,   Association for Clinical Research on Surgery Group (ACRoS1406)
Published: March 2022

Background

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) with liver metastasis is considered unresectable. However, there have been infrequent reports of long-term survival in patients with GBC and liver metastases. Therefore, we examined the characteristics of long-term survivors of gallbladder cancer with liver metastasis.

Methods

A retrospective multicenter study of 462 patients with GBC (mean age, 71 years; female, 51%) was performed. Although patients with pre-operatively diagnosed GBC and liver metastasis were generally excluded from resection, some cases identified during surgery were resected.

Result

In patients with resected stage III/IV GBC (n = 193), the period 2007–2013 (vs. 2000–2006, hazard ratio 0.63), pre-operative jaundice (hazard ratio 1.70), ≥ 2 liver metastases (vs. no liver metastasis, hazard ratio 2.11), and metastasis to the peritoneum (vs. no peritoneal metastasis, hazard ratio 2.08) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival, whereas one liver metastasis (vs. no liver metastasis) was not. When examining the 5-year overall survival and median survival times by liver metastasis in patients without peritoneal metastasis or pre-operative jaundice, those with one liver metastasis (63.5%, not reached) were comparable to those without liver metastasis (40.4%, 33.0 months), and was better than those with ≥ 2 liver metastases although there was no statistical difference (16.7%, 9.0 months). According to the univariate analysis of resected patients with GBC and liver metastases (n = 26), minor hepatectomy, less blood loss, less surgery time, papillary adenocarcinoma, and T2 were significantly associated with longer survival. Morbidity of Clavien–Dindo classification ≤ 2 and received adjuvant chemotherapy were marginally not significant. Long-term survivors (n = 5) had a high frequency of T2 tumors (4/5), had small liver metastases near the gallbladder during or after surgery, underwent minor hepatectomy without postoperative complications, and received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Although there is no surgical indication for GBC with liver metastasis diagnosed pre-operatively, minor hepatectomy and postoperative chemotherapy may be an option for selected patients with T2 GBC and liver metastasis identified during or after surgery who do not have other poor prognostic factors.
Experiences of elder abuse: a qualitative study among victims in Sweden
Authors: Ludvigsson Mikael , Wiklund Nicolina , Swahnberg Katarina , Simmons Johanna
Published: March 2022

Background

Elder abuse is underreported and undertreated. Methods for prevention and intervention are being developed, but the knowledge guiding such measures is often insufficiently based on the victims’ own voices due to a paucity of studies. The aim of this study was therefore to explore experiences of elder abuse among the victims themselves.

Methods

Consecutive inpatients ≥ 65 years of age at a hospital clinic in Sweden were invited to participate, and 24 victims of elder abuse were identified. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted, and transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

The analysis generated four themes that together give a comprehensive picture of elder abuse from the participants’ subjective perspectives. The participants’ experiences of abuse were similar to previous third-party descriptions of elder abuse and to descriptions of abuse among younger adults, but certain aspects were substantially different. Vulnerability due to aging and diseases led to dependance on others and reduced autonomy. Rich descriptions were conveyed of neglect, psychological abuse, and other types of abuse in the contexts of both care services and family relations.

Conclusions

Elder abuse is often associated with an individual vulnerability mix of the aging body, illnesses, and help dependence in connection with dysfunctional surroundings. As individual differences of vulnerability, exposure to violence, and associated consequences were so clear, this implies that components of prevention and intervention should be individually tailored to match the needs and preferences of older victims.