bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytic Acid Decreases Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Lesions Induced by Fumonisin B1 and Deoxynivalenol in Intestinal Explants of Pigs
Authors: Da Silva Elisângela O. , Gerez Juliana R. , Hohmann Miriam S. N. , Verri Waldiceu A. , Bracarense Ana Paula F. R. L.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of phytic acid (IP6) on morphological and immunohistochemical parameters and oxidative stress response in intestinal explants of pigs exposed to fumonisin B1 (FB1) and/or deoxynivalenol (DON). The jejunal explants were exposed to the following treatments: vehicle, IP6 5 mM, DON 10 µM, FB1 70 µM, DON 10 µM + FB1 70 µM, DON 10 µM + IP6 5 mM, FB1 70 µM + IP6 5 mM, and DON 10 µM + FB1 70 µM + IP6 5 mM. The decrease in villus height and goblet cell density was more evident in DON and DON + FB1 treatments. In addition, a significant increase in cell apoptosis and cell proliferation and a decrease in E-cadherin expression were observed in the same groups. DON and FB1 exposure increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and decreased the cellular antioxidant capacity. An increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in DON- and FB1-treated groups. IP6 showed beneficial effects, such as a reduction in intestinal morphological changes, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and an increase in E-cadherin expression when compared with DON, FB1 alone, or DON and FB1 in association. IP6 inhibited oxidative stress and increased the antioxidant capacity in the explants exposed to mycotoxins.
Feynman Rules, Ward Identities and Loop Corrections in Very Special Relativity Standard Model
Authors: Alfaro Jorge
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we want to study one loop corrections in Very Special Relativity Standard Model(VSRSM). In order to satisfy the Ward identities and the S i m ( 2 ) symmetry of the model, we have to specify the Feynman rules, including the infrared regulator. To do this, we adapt the Mandelstam–Leibbrandt (ML) prescription to incorporate external momentum-dependent null vectors. As an example, we use the new S i m ( 2 ) invariant dimensional regularization to compute one loop corrections to the effective action in the subsector of the VSRSM that describe the interaction of photons with charged leptons. New stringent bounds for the masses of ν e and ν μ are obtained.
Evaluation of Extreme Cold and Drought over the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Liu Zhaofei , Yao Zhijun , Huang Heqing , Batjav Batbuyan , Wang Rui
Published: January 2019

Extreme cold and meteorological drought in the Mongolian Plateau (MP) were investigated during 1969–2017. Several drought indices were evaluated by analyzing recorded historical drought data in the Chinese region of the MP. The evaluated drought indices were then applied to detect drought characteristics in the entire MP. The trends of extreme cold indices showed that the climate of the MP has warmed during the past 49 years; however, the frequency of cold day/night has increased in the Mongolian region. The climate of Mongolia has also become colder in the spring season. The comprehensive meteorological drought index (CMDI) and the standardized precipitation index with a six-month scale (SPI6) exhibited better performances, showing high consistency between the spatial patterns of the two indices. However, drought represented by the SPI6 was enhanced greater than that expressed by the CMDI. Drought in the MP has been enhanced during the past 49 years, particularly in the Ordos and Alashan plateaus and the Xiliao River basin in China. Moreover, drought has been enhanced from August to October, particularly in the Mongolian region. However, spring drought has shown a weakening trend, which has been beneficial for agriculture and husbandry sectors in some regions of the MP.
Flash Flood Simulation for Ungauged Catchments Based on the Distributed Hydrological Model
Authors: Jia Pengfei , Liu Ronghua , Ma Meihong , Liu Qi , Wang Yali , Zhai Xiaoyan , Xu Shuaishuai , Wang Dacheng
Published: January 2019

Flash flood is a significant threat to those who live in China and beyond. Reproducing them with distributed hydrological models is an effective measure for preventing flash floods. This paper introduces the China flash flood hydrological model (CNFF-HM); explores its principles, key steps, and applicability; and validates its simulation effects in two typical, small ungauged catchments (UCs), namely, Tiezhuling and Qianyangxi. First, the applicability of the model and the portability of the parameters were verified in Qianyangxi. Then, in Tiezhuling, the model parameters were comprehensively determined based on the measured values and simulation results, and the influence of the reservoir on the simulation effect was analyzed. Using the model’s different parameters in different catchments, the characteristics of the basin were compared and analyzed from the aspects of evapotranspiration, runoff, water distribution, and confluence. Finally, the early warning effect was evaluated. The results indicated the following: (1) The reservoir has a significant impact on model simulation. (2) The two UCs have similarities in evapotranspiration, runoff, and water source, and the difference in convergence is obvious. (3) With better early warning effect, the warning can achieve full coverage. These positive results suggest that this method should be further developed and tested.
3D Hydrodynamic Modelling Enhances the Design of Tendaho Dam Spillway, Ethiopia
Authors: Demeke Getnet Kebede , Asfaw Dereje Hailu , Shiferaw Yilma Seleshi
Published: January 2019

Hydraulic structures are often complex and in many cases their designs require attention so that the flow behavior around hydraulic structures and their influence on the environment can be predicted accurately. Currently, more efficient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes can solve the Navier–Stokes equations in three-dimensions and free surface computation in a significantly improved manner. CFD has evolved into a powerful tool in simulating fluid flows. In addition, CFD with its advantages of lower cost and greater flexibility can reasonably predict the mean characteristics of flows such as velocity distributions, pressure distributions, and water surface profiles of complex problems in hydraulic engineering. In Ethiopia, Tendaho Dam Spillway was constructed recently, and one flood passed over the spillway. Although the flood was below the designed capacity, there was an overflow due to superelevation at the bend. Therefore, design of complex hydraulic structures using the state-of- art of 3D hydrodynamic modelling enhances the safety of the structures. 3D hydrodynamic modelling was used to verify the safety of the spillway using designed data and the result showed that the constructed hydraulic section is not safe unless it is modified.
Identity Construction in Transient Spaces: Hospitality Work On-Board Cruise Ships
Authors: Dennett Adam
Published: January 2019

Despite a growing interest in the well-being of cruise ship labor, very little is known in this area. This exploratory study seeks to investigate the strategies that front-line hospitality workers are able to negotiate and attach meaning to in this consumptive work experience. Twenty
in-depth qualitative interviews were undertaken with front-line hospitality staff (waiters and pursers). The cruise ship, being a unique working environment—intense, restricted, and encapsulated—requires workers to adjust, adopt, and sacrifice to the sociospatial conditions. Therefore,
through the transitory and active nature of identity salience, a ship-based identity was created. Five themes emerged from the data. Ship space, the system of the ship, and time were themes considered unique to the cruise ship industry, primarily acting as a binding mechanism, promoting a
shared experience of belonging, and attachment. These themes were thought to provide the conditions to develop a ship-based identity. The two final themes, relationships and occupation, were the mediators in the context-specific factors with how the participants made sense of themselves and
others. The exploratory findings provided in this study are potentially useful for practitioners seeking to further understand the development of harmonious communities in a transient workplace setting.
VLT/SPHERE Multiwavelength High-contrast Imaging of the HD 115600 Debris Disk: New Constraints on the Dust Geometry and the Presence of Young Giant Planets
Authors: Gibbs Aidan , Wagner Kevin , Apai Daniel , Moór Attila , Currie Thayne , Bonnefoy Mickäel , Langlois Maud , Lisse Carey
Published: January 2019

Young and dynamically active planetary systems can form disks of debris that are easier to image than the planets themselves. The morphology and evolution of these disks can help to infer the properties of the putative planets responsible for generating and shaping the debris structures. We present integral field spectroscopy and dual-band imaging from VLT/SPHERE (1.0–1.7 μm) of the debris disk around the young F2V/F3V star HD 115600. We aim to (1) characterize the geometry and composition of the debris ring, (2) search for thermal emission of young giant planets, and (3) in the absence of detected planets, to refine the inferred properties of plausible planets around HD 115600 to prepare future attempts to detect them. Using a different dust scattering model (ZODIPIC) than in the discovery paper to model the disk geometry, we find a
0 = 46 ± 2 au for the disk’s central radius and offsets Δα, Δδ =  −1.0 ± 0.5, 0.5 ± 0.5 au. This offset is smaller than previously found, suggesting that unseen planets of lower masses could be sculpting the disk. Spectroscopy of the disk in Y-J bands with SPHERE shows reddish color, which becomes neutral or slightly blue in H-band seen with GPI, broadly consistent with a mixed bulk disk composition of processed organics and water ice. While our observed field contains numerous background objects at wide separations, no exoplanet has been directly observed to a mass sensitivity limit of 2 − 3(5 − 7) M
J between a projected separation of 40 and 200 au for hot (cold)-start models.
The Population of Pulsating Variable Stars in the Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Authors: Vivas A. Katherina , Alonso-García Javier , Mateo Mario , Walker Alistair , Howard Brittany
Published: January 2019

A large extension of the Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy, 7 deg2, has been surveyed for variable stars using the Dark Energy Camera at the Blanco Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Chile. We report seven anomalous Cepheids, 199 RR Lyrae stars, and 16 dwarf Cepheids in the field. This is only the fifth extragalactic system in which dwarf Cepheids have been systematically searched. Henceforth, the new stars increase the census of stars coming from different environments that can be used to asses the advantages and limitations of using dwarf Cepheids as standard candles in populations for which the metallicity is not necessarily known. The dwarf Cepheids found in Sextans have a mean period of 0.066 day and a mean g amplitude of 0.87 mag. They are located below the horizontal branch, spanning a range of 0.8 mag: 21.9 < g < 22.7. The number of dwarf Cepheids in Sextans is low compared with other galaxies such as Carina, which has a strong intermediate-age population. On the other hand, the number and ratio of RR Lyrae stars to dwarf Cepheids are quite similar to those of Sculptor, a galaxy which, as Sextans, is dominated by an old stellar population. The dwarf Cepheid stars found in Sextans follow a well-constrained period–luminosity relationship with an rms = 0.05 mag in the g band, which was set up by anchoring to the distance modulus given by the RR Lyrae stars. Although the majority of the variable stars in Sextans are located toward the center of the galaxy, we have found two RR Lyrae stars and one anomalous Cepheid in the outskirts of the galaxy that may be extratidal stars and suggest that this galaxy may be undergoing tidal destruction. These possible extratidal variable stars share the same proper motions as Sextans, as seen by recent Gaia measurements. Two additional stars that we initially classified as foreground RR Lyrae stars may actually be other examples of Sextans extratidal anomalous Cepheids, although radial velocities are needed to prove that scenario.
Scale-dependent Polarization of Solar Wind Velocity Fluctuations at the Inertial and Kinetic Scales
Authors: Šafránková Jana , Němeček Zdeněk , Němec František , Verscharen Daniel , Chen Christopher H. K. , Ďurovcová Tereza , Riazantseva Maria O.
Published: January 2019

We study the polarization properties of the velocity fluctuations in solar wind turbulence using high-resolution data from the Spektr-R spacecraft. The ratio of perpendicular to parallel velocity fluctuations in the inertial range is smaller than the equivalent ratio for magnetic fluctuations, but gradually increases throughout this range. In the kinetic range, there is a large decrease in the ratio, similar to the magnetic fluctuations. We compare the measurements to numerical solutions for a combination of kinetic Alfvén waves and slow waves, finding that both the slow increase and sharp decrease in the ratio are consistent with a majority population of Alfvén waves and minority population of slow waves in critical balance. Furthermore, the beta-dependence of this scale-dependent ratio can be successfully captured in the model when incorporating a beta-dependent Alfvén to slow wave ratio similar to that observed in the solar wind.
The Spitzer-HETDEX Exploratory Large Area Survey. II. The Dark Energy Camera and Spitzer/IRAC Multiwavelength Catalog
Authors: Wold Isak G. B. , Kawinwanichakij Lalitwadee , Stevans Matthew L. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Papovich Casey , Devarakonda Yaswant , Ciardullo Robin , Feldmeier John , Florez Jonathan , Gawiser Eric , Gronwall Caryl , Jogee Shardha , Marshall Jennifer L. , Sherman Sydney , Shipley Heath V. , Somerville Rachel S. , Valdes Francisco , Zeimann Gregory R.
Published: January 2019

We present the ugriz-band Dark Energy Camera (DECam) plus 3.6 and 4.5 μm IRAC catalogs for the Spitzer/HETDEX Exploratory Large-Area (SHELA) survey. SHELA covers ∼24 deg2 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) “Stripe 82” region, with seven bandpasses spanning a wavelength range of 0.35 to 4.5 μm. SHELA falls within the footprint of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX), which will provide spectroscopic redshifts for ∼200,000 Lyα emitters at 1.9 < z < 3.5 and also for ∼200,000 [O ii] emitters at z < 0.5. SHELA’s deep, wide-area multiwavelength images, combined with HETDEX’s spectroscopic information, will facilitate many extragalactic studies, including measuring the evolution of galaxy stellar mass, halo mass, and environment from 1.5 < z < 3.5. Here we present riz-band-selected ugriz-band DECam catalogs that reach a 5σ depth of ∼24.5 AB mag (for point sources with an aperture that encloses 70% of the total flux) and cover 17.5 deg2 of the overall SHELA field. We validate our DECam catalog by comparison to the DECam Legacy Survey (DECaLS) DR5 and the Dark Energy Survey (DES) DR1. We perform IRAC forced photometry with The Tractor image modeling code to measure 3.6 and 4.5 μm fluxes for all objects within our DECam catalog. We demonstrate the utility of our catalog by computing galaxy number counts and estimating photometric redshifts. Our photometric redshifts recover the available

SDSS spectroscopic redshifts with a 1σ scatter in Δz/(1 + z) of 0.04.
The Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Quasar Survey: The Fourth and Fifth Data Releases
Authors: Yao Su , Wu Xue-Bing , Ai Y. L. , Yang Jinyi , Yang Qian , Dong Xiaoyi , Joshi Ravi , Wang Feige , Feng Xiaotong , Fu Yuming , Hou Wen , Luo A.-L. , Kong Xiao , Liu Yuanqi , Zhao Y.-H. , Zhang Y.-X. , Yuan H.-L. , Shen Shiyin
Published: January 2019

We present Data Releases 4 and 5 of the quasar catalog from the quasar survey by the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), which includes quasars observed between 2015 September and 2017 June. There are a total of 19,253 quasars identified by visual inspections of the spectra. Among them, 11,458 were independently discovered by LAMOST, in which 3296 were reported by the SDSS DR12 and DR14 quasar catalog after our survey began, while the remaining 8162 are new discoveries of LAMOST. We provide the emission line measurements for Hα, Hβ, Mg ii, and/or C iv for 18,100 quasars. Since LAMOST does not have absolute flux calibration information, we obtain the monochromatic continuum luminosities by fitting the SDSS photometric data using the quasar spectra, and then estimate the black hole masses. The catalog and spectra for these quasars are available online. This is the third installment in the series of LAMOST quasar surveys that has released spectra for ∼43,000 quasars to date. There are 24,772 independently discovered quasars, 17,128 of which are newly discovered. In addition to this great supplement to the new quasar discoveries, LAMOST has also provided a large database (overlapped with SDSS) for investigating quasar spectral variability and discovering unusual quasars, including changing-look quasars, with ongoing and upcoming large surveys.
SOFIA Far-infrared Imaging Polarimetry of M82 and NGC 253: Exploring the Supergalactic Wind
Authors: Jones Terry Jay , Dowell C. Darren , Rodriguez Enrique Lopez , Zweibel Ellen G. , Berthoud Marc , Chuss David T. , Goldsmith Paul F. , Hamilton Ryan T. , Hanany Shaul , Harper Doyal A. , Lazarian Alex , Looney Leslie W. , Michail Joseph M. , Morris Mark R. , Novak Giles , Santos Fabio P. , Sheth Kartik , Stacey Gordon J. , Staguhn Johannes , Stephens Ian W. , Tassis Konstantinos , Trinh Christopher Q. , Volpert C. G. , Werner Michael , Wollack Edward J. ,   (HAWC+ Science Team)
Published: January 2019

We present far-infrared polarimetry observations of M82 at 53 and 154 μm and NGC 253 at 89 μm, which were taken with High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera-plus (HAWC+) in polarimetry mode on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. The polarization of M82 at 53 μm clearly shows a magnetic field geometry perpendicular to the disk in the hot dust emission. For M82 the polarization at 154 μm shows a combination of field geometry perpendicular to the disk in the nuclear region, but closer to parallel to the disk away from the nucleus. The fractional polarization at 53 μm (154 μm) ranges from 7% (3%) off nucleus to 0.5% (0.3%) near the nucleus. A simple interpretation of the observations of M82 invokes a massive polar outflow, dragging the field along, from a region ∼700 pc in diameter that has entrained some of the gas and dust, creating a vertical field geometry seen mostly in the hotter (53 μm) dust emission. This outflow sits within a larger disk with a more typical planar geometry that more strongly contributes to the cooler (154 μm) dust emission. For NGC 253, the polarization at 89 μm is dominated by a planar geometry in the tilted disk, with weak indication of a vertical geometry above and below the plane from the nucleus. The polarization observations of NGC 253 at 53 μm were of a insufficient signal-to-noise ratio for a detailed analysis.
Hypothèses sur une représentation du symbolique dans le système neuronal
Authors: Gintz Christine
Published: January 2019

L’autisme est une affection neurodéveloppementale dont les conditions d’installation se mettent en place au tout début de la vie. Ce travail cherche à approcher la nature des particularités du développement neuronal autistique, à partir de deux voies d’abord : d’une part en analysant les effets neurobiologiques d’une mutation de novo monogénique dominante chez un sujet autiste, et d’autre part en examinant les particularités cliniques, et plus spécialement langagières qui touchent la plupart des personnes autistes, même de haut niveau. Deux questions sont centrales : celle des rythmes électriques cérébraux, et celle d’un réseau neuronal basal minimum autorisant l’accès au stade du miroir lacanien.
Accelerated Professional Development and Peer Consultation: Two Strategies for Continuing Professional Education for Nurses
Authors: Hart Gail , Clinton Michael , Edwards Helen , Evans Katie , Lunney Paul , Posner Natasha , Tooth Barbara , Weir Derek , Ryan Yoni
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to evaluate a program of professional development for RNs working in mental health settings. The development of skills in reflective practice and peer consultation was fostered by encouraging nurses to explore critical incidents from their practice experience within a small group environment. The aim of the program was to improve the knowledge and skills of the participants, enhance the work environment and improve work performance. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using a quasi-experimental pretest, posttest design. The participants demonstrated improvements in their empathic responses to patients, their sense of hope, and some aspects of their work performance and perceptions of the work environment. The implications of the findings for practice and research are outlined.
Registered Nurse Refresher Course as an Adjunct in Nurse Recruitment
Authors: Huggins Marilyn F
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

A registered nurse refresher course in the east central region of Missouri has offered a singular opportunity for nurses wishing to re-enter the nursing profession. By offering both didactic instruction and clinical experience with a nurse mentor in the medical center, nurses who have been out of nursing or in a non-clinical role have had the chance to begin to reorient themselves to professional practice before committing to a permanent position. This article describes one institution's experience and process for those who might be considering developing a re-entry program of their own.
Organising Colours: Patrick Syme’s Colour Chart and Nomenclature for Scientific Purposes
Authors: Simonini Giulia
Published: January 2019

This article aims to reconstruct the making of a colour nomenclature displaying a colour chart with 108 samples, published for the first time in 1814 in a small work entitled Werner’s Nomenclature of Colours […]. The book’s author, Patrick Syme, was a professional artist and painter to the Wernerian Society of Edinburgh. The publication’s title and the Society’s name refer to the German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner, who in 1774 developed a nomenclature of colours, upon which Syme drew for the production of his booklet. This paper discusses Syme’s appropriation of Werner’s legacy, analysing the content and intentions of Syme’s work, and highlighting its reception among nineteenth century British scientists.
B Cell ADAM10 Controls Murine Lupus Progression through Regulation of the ICOS:ICOS Ligand Axis
Authors: Lownik Joseph C. , Wimberly Jessica L. , Conrad Daniel H. , Martin Rebecca K.
Published: January 2019

The role of ICOS and its ligand (ICOSL) have both been shown to be essential for proper humoral responses as well as autoimmune Ab development in mouse models of lupus. In this paper, we report a specific role for the metalloprotease ADAM10 on B cells in regulating both ICOSL and ICOS in a mouse model of increased humoral immunity using B6mir146a−/− mice and a model of lymphoproliferative disease using the well-characterized lpr model. B6lpr mice lacking ADAM10 on B cells (A10Blpr) have decreased nodal proliferation and T cell accumulation compared with control B6lpr mice. Additionally, A10Blpr mice have a drastic reduction in autoimmune anti-dsDNA Ab production. In line with this, we found a significant reduction in follicular helper T cells and germinal center B cells in these mice. We also show that lymphoproliferation in this model is closely tied to elevated ICOS levels and decreased ICOSL levels. Overall, our data not only show a role of B cell ADAM10 in control autoimmunity but also increase our understanding of the regulation of ICOS and ICOSL in the context of autoimmunity.
Mini-Workshop: Deep Learning and Inverse Problems
Authors: Arridge Simon R. , de Hoop Maarten V. , Maaß Peter , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane
Published: January 2019

Machine learning and in particular deep learning offer several data-driven methods to amend the typical shortcomings of purely analytical approaches. The mathematical research on these combined models is presently exploding on the experimental side but still lacking on the theoretical point of view. This workshop addresses the challenge of developing a solid mathematical theory for analyzing deep neural networks for inverse problems.
The Mathematics of Mechanobiology and Cell Signaling
Authors: Ambrosi Davide , Liu Chun , Röger Matthias , Stevens Angela
Published: January 2019

The workshop focussed on the mathematical modeling and analysis of the mutual interaction among living cells, their interaction with the environment, and the resulting morphogenetic processes. The interplay of bio-mechanical processes and molecular signaling and their combined effect on the emergence of shape and function in cell clusters, tissues, and organs was addressed. Classical methods of continuum mechanics and necessary extensions were discussed at a formal and a rigorous mathematical level. Several introductory talks were given by experimentalists.
What's in a Word? Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Leadership Language in Anesthesiology Resident Feedback
Authors: Arkin Nicole , Lai Cara , Kiwakyou Larissa Miyachi , Lochbaum Gregory Milo , Shafer Audrey , Howard Steven K. , Mariano Edward R. , Fassiotto Magali
Published: January 2019

Background 

Individuals who have agentic traits (eg, assertive, confident, competent) that are more commonly associated with men are often selected for leadership roles. For women, this poses a potential barrier to entry into the higher ranks of academic medicine.

Objective 

We analyzed anesthesiology resident feedback for differences in the use of agentic descriptors using qualitative and quantitative methods based on resident gender and year of training.

Methods 

This study uses textual analysis of 435 assessments of residents over a 1-year period within a single residency program. We performed a qualitative content analysis on the words used in resident feedback and performed negative binomial regression analyses to determine significant differences in the way residents were described based on gender and year of training.

Results 

Female residents were less likely than male residents to be described as agentic after controlling for excerpt length, year of training, and evaluator variability (β = –0.347; 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.666, –0.028; P = .033). Senior residents were more likely to be described as agentic (β = 0.702; 95% CI 0.402–1.002; P < .001) compared to junior residents. The increased number of agentic codes among senior residents was driven by increased agentic description of female residents' ratings in the senior cohort (β = 0.704; 95% CI 0.084–1.324; P = .026).

Conclusions 

Female residents were described as agentic less often than male residents in early years of training, but the gap was not present among senior residents.
Seeking the Holy Grail
Authors: Banffy Eszter , Bayliss Alex , Denaire Anthony , Gaydarska Bisserka , Hofmann Daniela , Lefranc Philippe , Jakucs Janos , Maric Miroslav , Oross Krisztian , Tasic Nenad , Whittle Alasdair
Published: January 2019

The strengths of formal Bayesian chronological modelling are restated, combining as it does knowledge of the archaeology with the radiocarbon dating of carefully chosen samples of known taphonomy in association with diagnostic material culture. The risks of dating bone samples are reviewed, along with a brief history of the development of approaches to the radiocarbon dating of bone. In reply to Strien (2017), selected topics concerned with the emergence and aftermath of the LBK are discussed, as well as the early Vinča, Ražište and Hinkelstein sequences. The need for rigour in an approach which combines archaeology and radiocarbon dating is underlined.
Redefining the role of metal production during the Bronze Age of south-eastern Iberia. The mines of eastern Sierra Morena
Authors: Arboledas-Martínez Luis , Alarcón-García Eva
Published: January 2019

Researchers have traditionally paid little attention to mining by Bronze Age communities in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula. This has changed recently due to the identification of new mineral exploitations from this period during the archaeo-mining surveys carried out in the Rumblar and Jándula valleys in the Sierra Morena Mountains between 2009-2014, as well as the excavation of the José Martín Palacios mine (Baños de la Encina, Jaén). The analysis of the archaeological evidence and the archaeometric results reveal the importance of mining and metallurgical activities undertaken by the communities that inhabited the region between 2200 and 900 cal. BC, when it became one of the most important copper and silver production centers during the Late Prehistory of south-eastern Iberia.
Hillforts, rocks and warriors
Authors: Rodriguez-Corral Javier
Published: January 2019

During the Late Iron Age, monumental stone statues of warriors were established in the northwest of Iberia, ‘arming’ landscapes that ultimately encouraged specific types of semiotic ideologies in the region. This paper deals with how these statues on rocks not only worked in the production of liminality in the landscape – creating transitional zones on it –, but also how they functioned as liminal gateways to the past, absorbing ideas from the Bronze Age visual culture up to the Late Iron Age one, in order to create emotional responses to a new socio-political context.
Characteristics of Early Iron Age pottery from northeastern Slovenia through the prism of ceramic technology and petrography
Authors: Žibrat Gašparič Andreja , Vinazza Manca , Črešnar Matija
Published: January 2019

Pottery technology in the Early Iron Age remains understudied in Slovenian archaeology, especially in the combined use of description on a macroscopic level with the addition of petrographic thin sections analysis. In this study we focused on pottery technology of vessels from two Early Iron Age sites in north-eastern Slovenia, Poštela near Maribor and Novine above Šentilj (NE Slovenia). We analysed the clay pastes, inclusions in the clay, as well as surface treatment, firing properties, vessels shape, and decoration techniques using macroscopic description and ceramic petrography. Within the sites we looked at the different contexts, comparing pottery from settlements, i.e. hillforts, to pottery found within the adjacent cemeteries. The results show that potters from the two contemporaneous sites produced similarly shaped vessels using different pottery recipes from locally available raw materials. The use of grog as a possible chronological marker in the Early Iron Age is also discussed.
Pigs and humans in Early Neolithic South-eastern Europe
Authors: De Groene Donna , Zidarov Petar , Elenski Nedko , Van den Hurk Youri , Van Kolfschoten Thijs , Çakirlar Canan
Published: January 2019

The Bulgarian site Džuljunica-Smărdeš, dating to 6205-5529 cal. BC, is one of the oldest Neolithic sites in Europe. Both domestic cattle and caprines are present in the zooarchaeological assemblage, but Sus, in contrast, is extremely rare. It is not known if the earliest Neolithic people in Europe did rear domestic pigs, practised some form of pig management, or only hunted wild boar. This research investigates the human pig relationships, using biometry, kill-off patterns and isotopic dietary analysis. With this integrated methodological approach, it might be possible to characterize human-suid relationships in this pivotal Early Neolithic site with greater accuracy. Understanding this relationship at this site contributes to the broader debate on how Neolithisation and domesticates spread through Europe, and which bio-cultural mechanisms were responsible for differential patterns of animal exploitation.
Pivoting East
Authors: Steadman Sharon R. , S. Arbuckle Benjamin , McMahon Gregory
Published: January 2019

The investigation of ‘complex connectivities’ as defined by Tomlinson (1999) as a critical element in the understanding of how modern globalization works has been repurposed by archaeologists as a model to explain the mechanisms at work in the archaeological past. This study applies Tomlinson’s model to interpret evidence that such connectivities linked the vast Uruk system in Mesopotamia, the contemporary Kura-Araxes culture in Transcaucasia, and the north central Anatolian plateau in the second half of the fourth millennium BCE, known as the Late Chalcolithic period. We focus on the site of Çadır Höyük, on the north central Anatolian plateau. The occupants of this rural settlement experienced some dramatic changes in the later fourth millennium, including substantial reorganization of their village plan, expansions and contractions in socioeconomic activity and long-distance trade, more elaborate burials, and possibly the evolution of new sociopolitical and religious ideologies. Here we explore the increasing evidence that socioeconomic ‘complex connectivity,’ with both Mesopotamia and especially Transcaucasia, played some role in the substantial modifications and internal dynamics at Late Chalcolithic Çadır Höyük.
Leonhardi Euleri Opera omnia: Editing the works and correspondence of Leonhard Euler
Authors: Kleinert Andreas
Published: January 2019

The paper gives an overview on the history and present state of the edition of the complete works of Leonhard Euler (1707–1783). After several failed initiatives in the 19th century, the project began in 1907 with the edition of Euler’s printed works. The works were divided into three series: I. Mathematics (29 volumes); II. Mechanics and Astronomy (31 volumes); and III. Physics and Miscellaneous (12 volumes). After several ups and downs due to two World Wars and economic problems, the publication of the printed works with a total of 72 volumes is nearly finished. Only two volumes on perturbation theory in astronomy are still missing. The publication of series IV (manuscripts and correspondence) started in 1967 as a joint project of the Swiss and the Soviet academies of sciences. The manuscript edition was postponed, and the project focussed on Euler’s correspondence which contains approximately 3000 letters, 1000 of them written by Euler. The correspondents include famous mathematicians of the 18th century like d’Alembert, Clairaut and the Bernoullis, but also many less-known people with whom Euler corresponded on a great variety of subjects. A major problem is to find and to finance appropriate editors who are able to read French, Latin, and the old German handwriting, and who are acquainted with history, culture and science of the 18th century. During the last 50 years, the editors gathered copies or scans of most of the preserved Euler’s letters. The original letters addressed to Euler were made available to the editorial group in Switzerland by the Russian Academy of Sciences before World War I, and before their restitution in 1947 the editors made fairly good photographs that are now an important part of the material basis of the edition. Each volume of the letter series (VIA) contains Euler’s correspondence with one or more of his contemporaries, presented in a chronological order. Up to the present day, four volumes of the correspondence have been published, in addition to an inventory of all known letters to and from Euler, including short summaries and useful information about the date, language and location of the existing copies, and former publication. Four more volumes are in progress and will be published in 2016 or 2017. The remaining letters that are not intended for publication in the printed volumes are planned to be made available in an online edition.
Wincenty Lutosławski i jego zainteresowanie Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki w świetle korespondencji z Fundacją Kościuszkowską
Authors: Pudłocki Tomasz
Published: January 2019

Author found and gave to print unknown letters of Vilnius philosopher and scholar, Wincenty Lutosławski to Stefan Mierzwa, executive director of the Kosciuszko Foundation – the source kept in the Archives of the Kosciuszko Foundation in New York City. The letters reveal unknown facts from the life of Vilnius philosopher. Lutosławski appears to be a great admirer of Juliusz Osterwa and his The Reduta (Redoubt) Theatre, as well as a good advocate of his students. In the same time despite of being in late 60. Lutosławski had great plans and ambitions to arrive to the U.S. under auspices of the KF. What is more, the correspondence shows that Lutosławski, focused on promoting his own person and achievements, was not far of underestimating the authority even those scholars, who like Roman Dyboski, were generally favorable to him. The correspondence confirms therefore not the best opinion enjoyed by Polish philosopher in the world of science.
Bibliografia naukometryczno-bibliometryczno-informetryczna (wybór)
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: January 2019

The text presents a selection of bibliography on scientometrics, bibliometrics and informetrics. The bibliography was chosen in the context of the author’s research of: a) the current debate on scientometrics, bibliometrics and informetrics in Poland, b) the history of these disciplines, and c) the history of the science of science. This selection has an important advantage because it includes many publications that a) represent the views both of Polish and foreign authors, b) discuss serious methodological limitations of scientometrics, bibliometrics and informetrics and c) show the inseparable connection between the disciplines and the science of science. This bibliography was already used in two of the author’s articles published in Prace Komisji Historii Nauki PAU, volume 14 (2015).
Nota na temat pojmowania uogólnionej zasady korespondencji
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: January 2019

The author, referring to the text of Jan Woleński published on the pages of Prace Komisji Historii Nauki PAU in 2014, discusses the understanding of the generalized correspondence principle in the context of the following concepts: cumulativism (C.G. Hempel, P. Oppenhaim, E. Nagel), extreme anticumulativism (P. Feyerabend, T.S. Kuhn), dialectical cumulativism (W. Krajewski) and the hypothetico‑ deductive method of correspondence‑oriented thinking as well as Copernicus’s methodology (M. Kokowski).
Obchody 100. rocznicy śmierci Karola Stanisława Olszewskiego (1846–1915)
Authors: Rafalska-Łasocha Alicja
Published: January 2019

The article briefly presents the scientific achievements of Karol Olszewski (1846– 1915), who was born when Poland did not exist on the map of Europe and Polish science was developed mainly in Krakow, Lviv and at some European Universities. In 1883 Karol Olszewski and Zygmunt Wróblewski were the first in the world to liquefy oxygen, nitrogen and carbon oxide from the atmosphere in a stable state. In 1884 Olszewski was also the first person who liquefied hydrogen in a dynamic state, achieving a record low temperature of 225 °C (48 K). In 1895 he succeeded in liquefying argon. In January 1896 Olszewski replicated the Roentgen’s set‑up for obtaining X‑rays and successfully obtained this newly‑ discovered radiation for the first time in Krakow, initiating the foundation of the university’s department of radiology. Olszewski died on 25 March 1915. In March 2015 the Faculty of Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University organized a special celebration to commemorate the life and achievements of Karol Olszewski.
Diferenças entre gênero, etnia e perfil socioeconômico no exame nacional de desempenho do estudante do curso de ciências contábeis
Authors: Rodrigues Daniele Silva , Santos Nálbia De Araújo , Santana Monique Da Silva , Lemes Ana Paula Moreira
Published: January 2019

Este estudo faz uma análise do desempenho acadêmico alcançado pelos estudantes dos cursos de Ciências Contábeis no Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade), nas edições de 2006, 2009 e 2012, com o objetivo de verificar se existem diferenças significativas de desempenho acadêmico entre os grupos étnicos, gêneros, perfil socioeconômico e características das IES. O teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis foi utilizado para verificar se existem diferenças significativas das médias da nota geral, das notas dos componentes de formação geral e de conhecimento específico entre os estratos sociais. Os resultados apontam que, de modo geral, existem diferenças significativas em todas as médias obtidas pelos discentes concluintes nas edições do Enade de 2006, 2009 e 2012 no que se referem ao sexo declarado, ao nível socioeconômico e nas variáveis que designam as características da IES (tipo de organização, categoria administrativa da instituição e modalidade do curso).
Ensaio sobre a origem da vantagem competitiva e o desempenho operacional da firma a partir do uso de métricas contábeis
Authors: Louzada Luiz Claudio , Gonçalves Márcio Augusto , Ferreira Bruno Perez
Published: January 2019

Este ensaio consiste em uma proposta de investigação da origem da vantagem competitiva da firma a partir do uso de métricas contidas na estrutura das demonstrações contábeis. A origem da vantagem competitiva é segregada em duas dimensões: endógenas, sendo formada por recursos à disposição da firma gerados a partir das escolhas dos gestores; e exógena, configurada por características do setor no qual a firma se insere, como o nível de competição e o dinamismo do setor de atividade. A origem da vantagem competitiva são variáveis explicativas do desempenho operacional da firma cujas proxies estão contidas na estrutura das demonstrações contábeis. Fundamentos contidos no arcabouço teórico da estratégia e no campo da contabilidade, quando aproximados, sugerem a existência de pesquisas entre campos do conhecimento que permitem  investigar o desempenho da firma em seu contexto. Espera-se que a possibilidade de aproximação entre tais campos, (i)contribuir para o aumento da capacidade interpretativa dos indicadores contidos nas demonstrações contábeis quando relativizados ao ambiente em que a firma atua; e, por conseguinte, (ii)contribuir para a utilidade das métricas contábeis como proxies para pesquisas no campo da vantagem competitiva. Assim, este ensaio (iii) sugere as hipóteses e define uma metodologia de pesquisa para investigação da origem da vantagem competitiva com adoção de proxies contidas na estrutura das demonstrações contábeis.
Evaluating the malignant potential of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: added value of non-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound to supplement non-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Igarashi Takao , Ashida Hirokazu , Morikawa Kazuhiko , Enoki Keitaro , Ohki Kazuyoshi , Kawakami Gou , Ojiri Hiroya
Published: January 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of combining non-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and non-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for assessing the malignant potential of lesions in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMNs).

Material and methods

Data from 38 patients histopathologically diagnosed with IPMN adenomas or IPMN adenocarcinomas were retrospectively analysed. Preliminary univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify statistically significant associations. Three blinded radiologists evaluated the image sets to assess the diagnostic performance of combined use of non-enhanced MRI and EUS as opposed to non-enhanced MRI alone in distinguishing malignant from benign lesions. Observer performance and interobserver variability were determined using receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis and weighted κ statistics.

Results

Multivariate analyses identified a significant difference between the abrupt change in the main pancreatic duct (MPD) calibre with distal pancreatic atrophy and the signal intensity of lesion-to-spinal cord ratio on MRI; a significant difference was observed in MPD size on EUS. Diagnostic performance assessments of the image sets did not differ significantly between the blinded radiologists.

Conclusions

The clinical utility of non-enhanced EUS may be attributive in evaluating IPMN that has already been evaluated by non-enhanced MRI.
Reproducibility of intravoxel incoherent motion of liver on a 3.0T scanner: free-breathing and respiratory-triggered sequences acquired with different numbers of excitations
Authors: Cieszanowski Andrzej , Pasicz Katarzyna , Podgórska Joanna , Fabiszewska Ewa , Skrzyński Witold , Jasieniak Jakub , Anysz-Grodzicka Agnieszka , Grabska Iwona , Pałucki Jakub , Naduk-Ostrowska Martyna , Jagielska Beata , Kukołowicz Paweł
Published: January 2019

Purpose

To optimise the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging of the liver on a 3.0T scanner by assessing parameter reproducibility on free-breathing (FB) and respiratory-triggered (RT) sequences acquired with different numbers of signal averages (NSA).

Material and methods

In this prospective study 20 subjects (M/F: 10/10; age: 25-62 years, mean: 39 years) underwent IVIM magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3.0T scanner using an 18-channel phase-arrayed coil and four different echo-planar sequences, each with 10 β values: 0, 10, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 500, and 900 s/mm2. Images were acquired with FB and RT with NSA = 1-4 (FBNSA1-4, RTNSA1-4) and with NSA = 3-6 (FBNSA3-6, RTNSA3-6). Subsequently, for the assessment of reproducibility of IVIM-derived parameters (f, D, D*), each subject was scanned again with an identical protocol during the same session. IVIM parameters were calculated. The distribution of IVIM-parameters for each DWI sequence were given as the median value with first and third quartile. Inter-scan reproducibility for each IVIM parameter was evaluated using coefficient of variance and Bland-Altman difference. Differences between FB sequence and RT sequence were tested using non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

Mean coefficient of variance (%) for f, D, and D* ranged from 60 to 64, from 58 to 84, and from 82 to 99 for FBNSA1-4 sequence; from 50 to 69, from 41 to 97, and from 80 to 82 for RTNSA1-4 sequence; from 22 to 27, 15, and from 70 to 80 for FBNSA3-6 sequence; and from 21 to 32, from 12 to, and from 50 to 80 for RTNSA3-6 sequence, respectively.

Conclusions

Increasing the number of signal averages for IVIM acquisitions allows us to improve the reproducibility of IVIM-derived parameters. The sequence acquired during free-breathing with NSA = 3-6 was optimal in terms of reproducibility and acquisition time.
The utility of ADC measurement techniques for differentiation of low- and high-grade clear cell RCC
Authors: Aslan Ahmet , İnan İbrahim , Aktan Ahmet , Ayaz Ercan , Aslan Mine , Özkanlı Sıdıka Şeyma , Yildirim Asif , Yıkılmaz Ali
Published: January 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the diffusion properties of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) concerning their Fuhrman nuclear grades and sizes, and to compare the diagnostic performance of two ROI placement techniques for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement (entire mass vs. only the darkest region of the mass).

Material and methods

Fifty-one ccRCC were enrolled in the study and grouped into low-grade ccRCC (Fuhrman grade 1 and 2, n = 37) and high-grade ccRCC (Fuhrman grade 3 and 4, n = 14). Selective ADC (Sel-ADC) measurement was performed by placing a circular ROI that included the darkest region of the tumour on ADC map images. Extensive ADC (Ext-ADC) measurement was performed by drawing an ROI that covered the entire tumour.

Results

The Sel-ADC value was lower in high-grade ccRCC (p = 0.019), whereas the Ext-ADC value did not show a statistically significant difference (p = 0.42). Sel-ADC value of a ≤ 1.405 mm2/s has a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy value of 78.6, 72.2, 73.87, 77.13, and 75.4, respectively, to differentiate high-grade from low-grade ccRCC. The size and Fuhrman grade of the ccRCC were inversely correlated with the Sel-ADC value; however, the correlations were weak (r = –0.322, p = 0.021 and r = –0.376, p = 0.006, respectively). There was no difference between ADC values of small (≤ 4 cm) and large (> 4 cm) ccRCCs.

Conclusions

The ADC value of the darkest region in solid part of the ccRCC may play a role in predicting the nuclear grade of ccRCC.