bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of metabolism by dietary carbohydrates in two lines of rainbow trout divergently selected for muscle fat content
Authors: Kamalam Biju Sam , Medale Françoise , Kaushik Sadasivam , Polakof Sergio , Skiba-Cassy Sandrine , Panserat Stephane
Published: July 2012

Previous studies in two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for lean (L) or fat (F) muscle suggested that they differ in their ability to metabolise glucose. In this context, we investigated whether genetic selection for high muscle fat content led to a better capacity to metabolise dietary carbohydrates. Juvenile trout from the two lines were fed diets with or without gelatinised starch (17.1%) for 10 weeks, after which blood, liver, muscle and adipose tissues were sampled. Growth rate, feed efficiency and protein utilisation were lower in the F line than in the L line. In both lines, intake of carbohydrates was associated with a moderate post-prandial hyperglycaemia, a protein sparing effect, an enhancement of nutrient (TOR-S6) signalling cascade and a decrease of energy-sensing enzyme (AMPK). Gene expression of hepatic glycolytic enzymes was higher in the F line fed carbohydrates compared with the L line, but concurrently transcripts for the gluconeogenic enzymes was also higher in the F line, possibly impairing glucose homeostasis. However, the F line showed a higher gene expression of hepatic enzymes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid bioconversion, in particular with an increased dietary carbohydrate intake. Enhanced lipogenic potential coupled with higher liver glycogen content in the F line suggests better glucose storage ability than the L line. Overall, the present study demonstrates the changes in hepatic intermediary metabolism resulting from genetic selection for high muscle fat content and dietary carbohydrate intake without, however, any interaction for an improved growth or glucose utilisation in the peripheral tissues.
Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia in association with porphyria cutanea tarda: co-incidence or trigger?
Authors: Ramaswamy Mamatha , Ead Russell , Buckler Helen , Houghton John , Stewart Mary Felicity
Published: July 2012

We present an interesting case of porphria cutanea tarda with hereditary haemochromatosis and non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a postmenopausal woman. This unusual combination of conditions does not appear to be reported in the literature. The exact mechanism causing porphyria in this patient is not clear. We consider the possibility that in addition to iron accumulation and excess alcohol, altered steroid milieu may have been a possible trigger for the development of bullous lesions in this patient.
Paediatric Chromobacterium violaceum in Cambodia: the first documented case
Authors: Ke Lov , An Khun Peng , Heng Sing , Riley Maria , Sona Soeng , Moore Catrin E , Parry Christopher M , Stoesser Nicole , Chanpheaktra Ngoun
Published: July 2012

Chromobacterium violaceum infection is rarely described in Southeast Asian children, which may be due partly to the lack of access to adequate microbiology facilities in many areas. This case report describes the first documented case to occur in a Cambodian child. An awareness of the disease and its manifestations is important as treatment can be difficult and may require prolonged courses of antimicrobials and surgery.
Glucocorticoid misuse in a rural and semi-urban community of North Bihar: a pilot study
Authors: Nalli Chandan , Armstrong Lois , Finny Philip , Thomas Nihal
Published: July 2012

Glucocorticoid misuse is a common problem in northern Bihar. There is very little published literature regarding the magnitude of glucocorticoid misuse in South Asia. All inpatients and medical outpatients presenting to Duncan Hospital with suspected glucocorticoid abuse were screened over a six-month period. Patients presenting with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome and hypoadrenal crisis were assessed clinically and biochemically for the side effects of glucocorticoid misuse. Twenty-two patients were seen in the hospital over a period of six months. Fifteen patients presented with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome (68.2%) and seven with hypoadrenal crisis (31.8%). Ten were found to have cataracts, six had a recent onset of diabetes, five had a recent onset of hypertension and 12 had osteoporotic fractures of the spine. Glucocorticoid misuse is an important problem which has been inadequately addressed in the rural and semi-urban communities of northern Bihar.
Pellagra: a non-communicable disease of poverty
Authors: Frank Gerard-Peter G M , Voorend Daniëlle M , Chamdula Andrew , van Oosterhout Joep J , Koop Klaas
Published: July 2012

Pellagra is a disease of poverty that is treatable but easily overlooked. The disease is caused by a deficiency of niacin and is clinically characterized by the triad of dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia. We describe two cases of pellagra in a Malawian district hospital and discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of the disease.
Rhinosporidiosis in southwest Bengal
Authors: Pal Dilip Kumar , Mallick Anowar Ali , Majhi Tapas Kumar , Biswas Biplab Kumar , Chowdhury Manoj Kumar
Published: July 2012

Rhinosporidiosis is a non-contagious chronic granulomatous disease that is prevalent in southern India and Sri Lanka. It has been known for centuries, but the details of the disease and the precise manner of its transmission have, until recently, remained unknown. Our institution sees many cases of this disease and we investigate the management protocol and its recent advances and include a review of the published literature. A total of 152 patients who were treated at Bankura Sammilani Medical College were studied between 2005 and 2011. The most common age group affected were those aged between 11 and 20 years of age and the male-to-female ratio was 1.9:1. Three patients suffered recurrent disease – one experienced it on the same site and the others on distant sites. Eleven patients with inadequate excision in which the margins were not free from disease were treated with dapsone therapy without any reported recurrence. It is a common disease in southwestern West Bengal. Surgical excision with electrocoagulation of the base is the main treatment, and dapsone therapy is recommended in order to prevent recurrences in multiple sites of affection and inadequate surgically excised cases. Although the disease occurs sporadically in most parts of the world, we see many patients in our area.
Evaluation of Medication-Related Problems in Medication Reviews: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Kaur Sukhpreet , Roberts Jason A , Roberts Michael S
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND:

The elderly population is at a high risk of medication misadventure, with many studies reporting a high number of medication-related problems (MRPs) in this group.

OBJECTIVE:

To quantify MRPs in residential facilities routinely reviewed by pharmacists and compare these results with other published findings.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional study included deidentified residents' health and medication data from 6 aged-care facilities. Regular medication reviews had been conducted over 20 years in these facilities. Two hundred ninety-six pharmacist intervention report forms were completed by 3 accredited clinical pharmacists over a 2-year period. These data were then used as a baseline in analyzing other published data for residential aged-care facilities and for patients at home.

RESULTS:

A total of 802 (range 0-12 per review) MRPs were identified in patients who were prescribed 2-29 medicines per patient, with a mean of 2.7 MRPs per review (95% CI 2.43 to 2.98). An analysis of the literature showed that the length of treatment, inclusion criteria used, and the definition of MRPs greatly affected the results obtained. However, application of the different inclusion criteria used in other published studies to our data resulted in findings similar to the published Australian average for residents of aged-care facilities and patients living independently at home (3.9 and 4.8 MRPs per patient, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

All medicines can potentially lead to MRPs. MRPs identified during pharmacist medication reviews vary widely between studies but can be normalized by inclusion criteria, length of stay, and the nature of the identified problem. It is recommended that a minimum benchmark for best practice in a patient population receiving at least yearly reviews be less than 3 MRPs per patient. Higher benchmarks of 4 MRPs per patient should apply when the patient population is restricted to include those receiving more than 9 medications and with more than 2 MRPs.
Hemopericardium and Cardiac Tamponade Associated with Dabigatran Use
Authors: Dy Eliza A , Shiltz Dane L
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To describe 2 cases of hemopericardium following treatment with dabigatran.

CASE SUMMARIES:

A 70-year-old male with a history of dabigatran use presented with cough, fatigue, and bloody stools. The patient had a large hyperdense pericardial effusion caused by accumulation of bloody fluid, leading to hypotension and shock. Approximately 1000 mL of hemorrhagic fluid was drained from the pericardial space. A 77-year-old female was admitted for treatment of pneumonia and atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran was initiated and, after 6 doses, the patient developed abdominal pain, respiratory distress, and shock. She was diagnosed with pericardial effusion leading to cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis and thoracentesis procedures removed a cumulative total of 2000 mL of bloody fluid.

DISCUSSION:

Dabigatran is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor approved for the reduction of stroke and systemic embolism risk in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. In December 2011, the Food and Drug Administration released a statement describing serious bleeding events associated with dabigatran use. According to the Naranjo scale, the cases presented here had probable associations between hemopericardium and dabigatran. While there is no known literature supporting this relationship, there are documented cases of warfarin-induced hemopericardium.

CONCLUSIONS:

These case reports highlight the potential for dabigatran to cause hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade. Additional reports may better elucidate (or characterize) the risk of dabigatran-induced hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade.
The Blue Tree
Authors: Bass Rick
Published: July 2012

He shines the toy light ahead of them, but sees nothing in its weak beam, and he speaks firmly into the darkness, saying, “Go on now.”
Hypää Järveen!
Authors: Messenger Carrie
Published: July 2012

At an immersion language camp in the woods of Minnesota, a “Fourth” has two weeks to find her Finnish identity in saunas, viili , and pesapallo . And maybe a boyfriend, too.
At the Cultural Ephemera Association National Conference
Authors: Butler Robert Olen
Published: July 2012

She speaks of how the seemingly incidental artifacts of popular culture can play crucial roles in our lives. And she touches my arm .
A Dozen Strides Brings Him into Eloquence: A Meditation on Don DeLillo’s Early, Funny Novels
Authors: Almond Steve
Published: July 2012

Forty years into his career, the publication of Don DeLillo’s first collection of stories provides an occasion to look back on his early works, before he became the head of the Great Minds School.
Facing the Monolith
Authors: Monson Ander
Published: July 2012

Wrestling with our most unavoidable vowel, an anti-memoirist examines the many facets of the self. If there is such a thing as an I, what exactly makes it?
The Colomber
Authors: Buzzati Dino
Published: July 2012

According to Charles Baxter, the current renaissance of the “magical moralized tale” among emerging American writers owes a debt to this little-known Italian master. His fable of seafaring and mythical sharks, equally enjoyable for children and adults, provides an antidote for our fear-saturated world.
Abundance
Authors: Groff Lauren
Published: July 2012

He was an absurd old man. He was ridiculous. He knew all this, but still it stung. He stood. I have a gift, he said. Come.
Esto Perpetua
Authors: Schrand Brandon R.
Published: July 2012

Status update: accidental archivist inherits box of letters from eminent writers, ponders meaning of ink smears and other traces of the human hand in the age of instant reply.
Several Short Sentences About Writing
Authors: Klinkenborg Verlyn
Published: July 2012

Line-by-line advice on noticing, thinking, and writing. How does one begin? What, exactly, is the task at hand? Where do sentences come from?
The Electric Man
Authors: Skibsrud Johanna
Published: July 2012

I thought it best if I left immediately. Quickly and discreetly. And in the future be even more certain not to disturb the man with the hat.
Micropiggies
Authors: Pierce William
Published: July 2012

The room was quite small, and they were touching elbows. Can you eat them? she asked. I wonder if they’d taste like pork.
NeVer ForgeT
Authors: Vollmer Matthew
Published: July 2012

Five years after the shooting at Virginia Tech, a professor who was in lockdown on campus that day considers the relationship between personal grief and publicized mourning.
Мы все евразийские
Authors: ГРАНТ Брюс
Published: July 2012

This is a Russian-language version of the presidential address delivered by Bruce Grant, the president of ASEEES (Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies), before the members of the association at the forty-third annual ASEEES convention that took place in Washington, DC, on November 17–20, 2011. Grant suggests his interpretation of the meaning of being “Eurasian.” This interpretation is based on critical observations of recent developments in our field as well as on Grant’s personal experience as a researcher of regions and cultures different from his own. He is less concerned with which countries are included in any given concept of “Eurasia” than with what the promise of these continually shifting alignments offers us as scholars looking for better ways to understand the past, the present, and the future. Grant suggests that the idea of Eurasia, at its core, enables us to move past the same kind of stock-in-trade assumptions about metropoles and hinterlands that have long bedeviled studies of Europe and its colonies. The “Eurasian” approach, in Grant’s interpretation, makes the lesser-known peoples and regions of the world area we study not peripheral to our own ranges of vision, or even to the metropoles that have historically governed them. They are approached as central, unto themselves. Being Eurasian, in this context, is nothing more than a reminder of how difficult it is to keep one’s eyes and ears open to the multiple flows of sense, sensibility, context, and experience that constitute the worlds we seek to better understand. The acceptance of such “Eurasianism” inserts an existential moment into the ASEEES collective project, Grant concludes, a recognition of the impossibility, or perhaps better put, the quixotic project of living in someone else’s shoes, no matter what part of the world we are from, of occupying other times, other spaces, other knowledges, and other lives.
Плохо забытое старое: о новой книге Владимира Вятровича
Authors: Ильюшин Игорь
Published: July 2012

In his comment on The Second Polish–Ukrainian War , Ihor Iliushyn addresses V'iatrovych's claim about advancing a new and original interpretation of the Ukrainian–Polish conflict during World War II. He argues that this interpretation is neither new nor original. In fact, according to Iliushyn, V'iatrovych follows a well-established tradition of Ukrainian diaspora historiography in creating a false equivalency between Ukrainian and Polish crimes against civilians. To this interpretation, Iliushyn juxtaposes his own findings, which demonstrate that there was no direct connection between the Polish terror against Ukrainians (mostly those who collaborated with Nazi authorities) in 1942–47 and the ethnic cleansing of the Polish population perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists in 1943–44. These two campaigns, Iliushyn argues, were different in both scale and motivation, and any attempts to equate them end up justifying the unjustifiable.
Фестиваль национальной песни в селе Байса Ки­ровской области: республиканский проект и низовые инициативы
Authors: Гаврилова Ксения
Published: July 2012

The article offers a detailed ethnographic description of the "interregional festival of national song" in the village of Baisa (in the Urzhum district of the Kirov region of Russia). The village is populated by ethnic Mari. The concept of this festival was elaborated by representatives of cultural institutions of the Republic of Marii El, who also support the festival project financially and in terms of publicity. The establishment of the annual festival led to discursive reevaluations by the inhabitants of Baisa of those practices that they qualify as "national" (Mari) practices. It also generated new ways of representing national culture in the rural community. Such local initiatives can be productively viewed as "nationalism from below," whereas the activities sponsored by the Republic of Marii El may be seen as a project of developing diasporic identity among those ethnic Mari who reside beyond "their" national republic's boundaries.
Вторая польско-украинская война и дискуссии вокруг нее
Authors: Вятрович Владимир
Published: July 2012

In his response to Per Rudling, Grzegorzg Motyka, Ihor Iliushyn and Andrzej Ziȩba, Volodymyr Viatrovych defends his interpretation of the Ukrainian–Polish conflict during World War II. He argues that negative criticism of his work lacks a sufficient documentary basis and reflects reviewers' misunderstanding of his work or even explicit distortions of particular aspects of it. He starts by outlining the motives that compelled him to write The Second Polish–Ukrainian War (the quantitative dispropor­tion of relevant historiographical output in Poland and Ukraine; the biased approach of the majority of Polish historians to the Ukrainian nationalist movement; and the availability of new sources that were inaccessible in the previous decades). After that, Viatrovych reiterates the major points of his book, stating that the conflict between Ukrainians and Poles in Volhynia and Galicia had an "ethnopolitical" nature; that this conflict was merely the last stage of prolonged Polish–Ukrainian antagonism, which had assumed different forms throughout its history; and that there is no evidence that the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists or the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) ever initiated a concerted campaign of anti-Polish ethnic cleansing. He believes that both parties in the conflict (the UPA and the Polish Armia Krajowa) committed crimes against civilians, and that, at least on the Ukrainian part, these crimes were unavoidable collateral damage caused by a military conflict. Viatrovych sums up by claiming that the ultimate cause of the mass murder of the Polish population during World War II was the national oppression of Ukrainians by the Poles.
Introduction to the Forum
Authors: Grachova Sofia
Published: July 2012

Sofia Grachova, in a foreword to the review forum on The Second Polish-Ukrainian War, 1942–1947 by Volodymyr V'iatrovych, describes the role of the anti-Polish ethnic cleansing perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists in 1943–44, in contemporary Ukrainian politics of history. She briefly reflects on the historiographical debates from ten years ago, when Polish and Ukrainian politicians commemorated the sixtieth anniversary of the Volhynian massacre, much to a surprise of broad Ukrainian audience, and discusses the centrality of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in the official historical narrative during Viktor Yushchenko's tenure as President of Ukraine (2005–2010). She then compares Yushchenko's heroization of the UPA to subsequent right-wing nationalist political endeavors and concludes that the instrumentalization of history in Ukraine did not stop with Yushchenko's demise. The new book by Volodymyr V'iatrovych, in her opinion, deserves historians' attention precisely because it epitomizes these continuities and the on-going political importance of such instrumentalization.
Во введении к рецензионному форуму по книге "Вторая польско-украинская война, 1942–1947" В. Вятровича София Грачова говорит о месте антипольской этнической чистки, совершенной украинскими националистами в 1943–1944 годах, в современной украинской поли­тике. Автор затрагивает историографическую дискуссию десятилетней давности, когда польские и украинские политики поразили украинское общественное мнение, совместно помянув жертв "волынской резни". Далее Грачова рассуждает о роли Украинской повстанческой армии (УПА) в официальном украинском историческом нарративе времен пре­зидентства В. Ющенко (2005–2010); сравнивает героизацию УПА при Ющенко с последующими политическими инициативами радикальных националистов и делает вывод,что инструментализация истории на Украине не остановилась со сменой президента. По мнению Грачовой, новая книга Вятровича заслуживает внимания главным образом как
От периферии к центру. О важности колониализ­ма для Германской империи
Authors: Кундрус Бирте
Published: July 2012

The article by Birthe Kundrus provides an analytical overview of recent developments in the historiography of German colonialism. The author points to the change from marginalization of topics pertaining to German colonial experience to the rediscovery of German empire as a major influence in modern German history (far beyond the period of formal colonial rule). German imperialism is specific due to the constellation of a long absence of colonial rule and long-lasting colonial patterns of politics and mentality; having been a latecomer on the scene of colonial politics, Germany tried to catch up with Great Britain and France and her imperialism was therefore more enthusiastic and intense. Another issue of debate regarding German colonial history is the connection between German overseas colonialism and the politics of German empire, the Weimar Republic, and the Third Reich in East-Central Europe. While inquiring into all of these new trends and debates, Kundrus cautions against overstretching the borders of analytical concepts that can result in locating colonialism everywhere and hence nowhere. The process of former peripheral experience becoming the central defining experience in modern German history is presented in the article in all its complexity and controversy.
Сущность национализма. (По стенограмме доклада 10.04.1919, Красноярсрск)
Authors: Кон Ханс
Published: July 2012

This is the Russian translation from the German original of Hans Kohn's lecture "The Essence of Nationalism," which was delivered on April 10, 1919, at a makeshift university for Austrian prisoners of war in Krasnoyarsk, Russia. In the lecture Kohn turns to the writings of the German philosopher Fichte to offer his vision of Zionism as an integral nationalism. According to Kohn, Jews in the years of World War I faced questions similar to those faced by the Germans at the time of the Napoleonic empire. Kohn sees parallels between Fichte and Herzl in how both saw volition as a condition for the emergence of nationhood. For Kohn, nation is a com­munity founded on common consciousness and common origin. He sees nationhood as a fact of life and a phenomenon that is not entirely intelligible by science. He objects to the idea of "cultural Zionism," arguing that it does not reflect the fullness of the national ideal. Kohn refers to Hasidism as an example of a holistic lifestyle and worldview that is useful for nationalists. In the spirit of integral nationalism, Kohn appealed to his listeners to become Jews, and to participate in the common search for a national ideal.
On the Problem of Material Religion and Its Prospects for the Study of Korean Religion
Authors: Kendall Laurel
Published: July 2012

This paper argues that the “material turn” evident both in recent scholarly studies of East Asian religion (and religious studies more generally) and within the discipline of anthropology holds great promise for the study of Korean religions. The study of material religion raises questions about how aspects of the material world come to be regarded as sacred, how they come to be regarded as empowered and agentive things, how devotees engage material religion through embodied practice and visual regimes of understanding and venerating, and how specific historic moments influence material religion. Anthropology brings to the discussion an awareness of material objects as possible nodes of human relationships, relationships between humans and gods or other entities, and between humans, deities, positive and negative power, and the sacred things themselves. It raises questions about the production, maintenance, and proper disposal of sacred objects. It also brings magic back into the mix as a means of understanding some of the essentially religious ways contemporary people contend with the quirkiness of the market and other uncertainties, and how the modern commodity market itself accommodates the production, appropriation, and consumption of sacred and magical goods.
Thinking about “Korean Buddhism”: A Continental Perspective
Authors: Buswell Robert E.
Published: July 2012

This article explores the organic relationship that existed between Korean Buddhism and the broader East Asian tradition throughout much of the premodern period. Even while retaining some sense of their ethnic and cultural distinctiveness, Korean Buddhists were able to exert wide-ranging influence both geographically and temporally across the East Asian region. This influence was made possible because Buddhist monks saw themselves not so much as “Korean,” “Japanese,” or “Chinese” Buddhists, but instead as joint collaborators in a religious tradition that transcended contemporary notions of nation and time. Korean Buddhists of the pre-modern age would have been more apt to think of themselves as members of an ordination line and monastic lineage, a school of thought, or a tradition of practice, than as “Korean” Buddhists. If they were to refer to themselves at all, it would be as “disciples,” “teachers,” “propagators,” “doctrinal specialists,” and “meditators”—all terms suggested in the categorizations of monks found in the various Biographies of Eminent Monks . If we are to arrive at a more nuanced portrayal of Korean Buddhism, scholars must abandon simplistic nationalist shibboleths and open our scholarship to the expansive vision of their religion that the Buddhists themselves always retained.
Monastic Education and Educational Ideology in the Late Chosŏn
Authors: Lee Jong-su
Published: July 2012

This paper examines the process of establishing the system of monastic education and the use of the sammun suhak in the Late Chosŏn period. Buddhist views on praxis and study had a close relationship to the structure of the educational curriculum for monastics. I argue that the widely accepted framework of the sammun suhak for Buddhist practice bears a close relationship to the process of defining a standardized system of practice for Buddhism. Based on this, I will examine which subjects were selected and what kind of changes they underwent before the final curriculum was established. I also further analyze which Buddhist doctrines were apparent in individual subjects and their interrelationship with the process of education. Finally, I draw parallels between the establishment of a monastic education curriculum and the contemporaneous system of Confucian education.
A Buddhist Reconquest of Korea?: Namho Yŏnggi and “Changan kŏlsikka”
Authors: Lee Younghee
Published: July 2012

The Late Chosŏn period saw significant social changes, one of which was increasing urbanization. The capital Hansŏng, in particular, grew in both the size and diversity of its population. It is often said that Buddhism in the Chosŏn period catered to the lower classes and withdrew from the cities to the mountains. Though this is true to a degree, Buddhism continued to serve the urban city population, including the women’s quarters of the royal palaces as well as men of different social status groups. This article argues that well-connected priests like Namho Yŏnggi (1820–1872), who maintained relations with elite yangban and educated commoners, primarily addressed literate urban dwellers. Namho Yŏnggi was the author of two Buddhist songs in the kasa form, and one of these, “Changan kŏlsikka” (Song of Begging in the Capital), may be seen as a Buddhist counter-attack against the dominance of Confucianism, and even as an appeal to the educated for a symbolic reconquest of the centre of the nation.
¿Quién mató a Augusto Pérez? Control hermenéutico y chantaje existencial en Niebla , de Unamuno
Authors: Álvarez-Castro Luis
Published: July 2012

La narrativa unamuniana se ha analizado tradicionalmente desde una perspectiva filosófica (con atención a su contenido existencialista) o bien retórica (basada en el tratamiento original de géneros literarios y la relación entre realidad y ficción). El propósito de este trabajo es combinar ambos planteamientos críticos a partir de una lectura de Niebla donde la experimentación metaficcional se concibe como consecuencia del control hermenéutico que Unamuno intenta imponer a sus lectores. Así como la poesía unamuniana se ha entendido como un esfuerzo por perpetuar el yo autorial en el tiempo, don Miguel desarrolla en su prosa un semejante proyecto de inmortalidad en la palabra. El principal escollo en tal proyecto será su limitada autoridad sobre los procesos de recepción, y por ello cultiva una literatura anticanónica y subversiva cuya función es dirigir en lo posible las decisiones hermenéuticas del lector. Al igual que en otras de sus novelas (piénsese en San Manuel Bueno, mártir ), Unamuno plantea en Niebla un dilema existencial disfrazado en un juego metaliterario que a su vez puede interpretarse como una trama detectivesca: determinar quién mató a Augusto Pérez exige del lector una exploración no sólo de la realidad del personaje, sino de la suya propia.
Adiós a la nostalgia: la narrativa hispanoamericana después de la nación
Authors: González Aníbal
Published: July 2012

Este artículo estudia el rechazo por parte de los autores latinoamericanos de hoy no solo de los contextos geográficos de la identidad, sino de la vinculación del pasado personal con el pasado nacional que se expresa en el tópico de la nostalgia. Partiendo de los apuntes de Svetlana Boym en The Future of Nostalgia (2001), el artículo clasifica la nostalgia en dos tipos: la restauradora o reivindicativa, que plantea una visión ahistórica y esencialista de la historia nacional, y la nostalgia reflexiva, la cual explora la posibilidad de habitar múltiples lugares simultáneamente. El artículo plantea que los actuales narradores latinoamericanos han ten-dido a romper con ambas manifestaciones de la nostalgia, asociándose con una actitud anti-nostálgica manifestada soterradamente en la postura cosmopolita e individualista de narradores tan diversos como Arreola, Monterroso, Elizondo, Ribeyro y Mutis. Lo novedoso de la situación actual reside en que el rechazo de la nostalgia se ha vuelto un gesto colectivo en grupos de escritores latinoamericanos tales como los autores mexicanos del Crack y los autores reunidos en la antología chilena McOndo . El artículo concluye comentando las obras de cuatro autores representativos del adiós a la nostalgia: Carmen Boullosa, Roberto Bolaño, Santiago Roncagliolo y Antonio José Ponte.
¿Nación? ¿Qué nación?: La idea de América Latina en Volpi y Bolaño
Authors: Pera Cristóbal
Published: July 2012

Este artículo presenta las ideas de Jorge Volpi sobre cultura y literatura latinoamericanas en su libro, comparándolas con las de Roberto Bolaño en el volumen . Se destaca el papel de Bolaño en la formulación de un nuevo concepto de la literatura latinoamericana menos ligado a cuestiones de identidad nacional; concepto que es a su vez desarrollado y llevado casi hasta sus últimas consecuencias por Volpi. Tras un repaso de la tensión entre nacionalismo y cosmopolitismo en las letras hispanoamericanas, se introduce el término “posnacionalismo” a partir del libro Literatura posnacional de Bernat Castany, quien propone que el posnacionalismo surge de elementos propios de la literatura moderna pero se cristaliza a partir de la globalización del mercado literario en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. El artículo discute entonces El insomnio de Bolívar , observando la intensidad con la cual Volpi y los escritores de su generación rechazan paradigmas esencialistas de la identidad latinoamericana tales como el “realismo mágico”. La extraterritorialidad de Bolaño aparece entonces como anticipo de esta actitud a la vez que un punto medio entre las simultáneas y contradictorias exigencias editoriales del exotismo y del cosmopolitismo.
Peligros de un obrero lector: Filántropos, editores y proletariado en la España del siglo XIX
Authors: Vialette Aurélie
Published: July 2012

Este artículo investiga ciertos proyectos filantrópicos dirigidos a la clase obrera en el siglo XIX español: tradicionalmente estudiados y concebidos como movimientos de liberación y emancipación, mostramos sus estrategias para insertar al obrero dentro de un orden socio-económico burgués. Partimos del análisis de El libro del obrero , publicado en 1862 por intelectuales de la burguesía catalana (Ceferino Tresserra, Víctor Balaguer, Antonio Altadill, entre otros) y regalado a los obreros industriales catalanes que participaban en los coros de obreros de José Anselmo Clavé. Demostramos que en este libro se despliega una retórica bibliopolítica con el fin de restringir la autonomía económica, política y cultural de la clase trabajadora. El libro del obrero contiene el proyecto educativo del intelectual decimonónico para la clase obrera organizada en coros, y se presenta como un manual pedagógico gracias al cual el obrero puede adquirir una conducta adaptada a la versión burguesa del orden social. Lejos de suponer una vía para la emancipación de los obreros, la publicación y distribución de este tipo de manuales es un recurso usado por los intelectuales para proteger su propio estatuto dentro del espacio de representación urbano, al tiempo que crean su personalidad filantrópica.
La antesala del triunfo de un editor y escritor profesional: Vicente Blasco Ibáñez en Argentina (1909–1914)
Authors: Lluch-Prats Javier
Published: July 2012

La estancia de Vicente Blasco Ibáñez en Argentina (1909–1914) permite analizar aspectos de las relaciones hispanoamericanas a comienzos del siglo XX, y concretamente el problema de la industria editorial española con relación a su expansión en el mercado americano. Ello se analiza aquí siguiendo a Blasco, quien como objeto de estudio exhibe no sólo la figura del colonizador europeo sino también la mecánica del oficio editorial y del escritor superventas que llegó a ser. Así, Blasco perfila una lúcida concepción sobre la situación del escritor y del editor en la sociedad moderna, pero también en la actualidad: el extraordinario compendio que define una política de autogestión como escritor-editor.
“Unir los números a las letras”: La intervención del escritor en el sector editorial en el periodo de entresiglos (XIX/XX)
Authors: Rivalan-Guégo Christine
Published: July 2012

En el primer tercio del siglo XX se reordenó el campo literario, en parte en torno al conflictivo tema crematístico. La modernización del sector editorial supuso tanto un cambio en el concepto de editor como en la presencia del autor en el negocio del libro. El trabajo estudia el protagonismo decisivo en el sector editorial de algunos intelectuales que partieron de unos planteamientos progresistas en un contexto económico y cultural de expansión. Las inversiones de capital propiciaron esta reordenación tanto a nivel de la edición como de la creación.
La casa azul y la cofradía del arte: Dos revistas mexicanas en el imaginario intercontinental de la “raza latina” (1894–1903)
Authors: Aguirre Gustavo Jiménez
Published: July 2012

Situadas en el gozne de la modernidad intersecular de los siglos XIX y XX, las mexicanas Revista Azul (1894–1896), la Revista Moderna (1898–1903) y su metamorfosis en Revista Moderna de México (1903–1911), propiciaron el conocimiento de escritores, intelectuales y artistas plásticos de diversas latitudes hispánicas. Con variadas estrategias (columnas editoriales, reedición de textos, reseñas y noticias bibliohemerográficas), los editores de aquella sobresaliente trilogía modernista difundieron innumerables revistas y promocionaron casas editoras europeas e hispanoamericanas. Paralelamente alentaron el imaginario de una “raza latina” de matriz francesa, como se explora al dar seguimiento a artículos, ensayos y poéticas durante el periodo de estudio, acotado al cierre de la primera época de la Revista Moderna (RM) , si bien se comentan algunas resonancias posteriores de la Revista Moderna de México (RMM) .
Redes trasatlánticas: El espacio editorial en castellano en el campo cultural contemporáneo
Authors: Fernández Pura
Published: July 2012

La historia de las relaciones socio-culturales que definen la creación del campo literario contemporáneo ha sido escasamente explorada en relación con el nuevo estatuto del escritor profesional en la industria cultural que comienza a desarrollarse a mediados del XIX. La construcción de un escenario de acción socio-cultural implica la búsqueda de agentes dinamizadores, de escenarios de actuación que contribuyan a institucionalizar los intercambios entre sus miembros, y medios emisores que aseguren la pervivencia de los contenidos. Los proyectos editoriales logran articular este circuito de comunicación, sobre todo cuando se persigue la formación de ciudadanos para un modelo de sociedad participante en la gestión civil. El estudio de algunos epistolarios, como el del escritor y político Víctor Balaguer y el editor heterodoxo Salvador Manero, permite avanzar en el conocimiento acerca de la gestión empresarial y político-cultural del mundo de las Letras decimonónicas y la consolidación de redes y de tramas para la difusión de un pensamiento republicano democrático en el ámbito hispánico.
Le Recyclage culturel chez Rachilde, ou Comment ne pas finir bas-bleu
Authors: Laporte Dominique
Published: July 2012

Les romans moins connus de Rachilde (1860-1953), dont ceux publiés après la Première Guerre mondiale, commencent à retenir l'attention de la critique contemporaine, qui a eu tendance à les considérer comme des variantes ratées des premiers chefs-d'œuvre reconnus (Monsieur Vénus, 1884), sinon comme des curiosités cantonnées dans une évocation apolitique de la Belle Époque. En fait, des récits, tels Le Château des deux amants (1923), Madame de Lydone, assassin (1928) et Les Voluptés imprévues (1931), marquent la tendance de Rachilde à se distancier stratégiquement des genres populaires pratiqués par les bas-bleus de son temps, dont le roman sentimental et le roman social sur la condition ouvrière. Ils exemplifient en retour un recyclage culturel de sources iconographiques, dont l'œuvre d'Ingres et le rococo, qui met en parallèle l'Entre-deux-guerres et l'Ancien Régime. Ce dispositif oppose les potentialités révolutionnaires de la société française aux forces de résistance aux changements en cernant la réversibilité des relations de pouvoir entre garants de l'ordre établi (dont l'aristocratie) et prolétaires.
Glucocorticoid receptor activation following elevated oocyte cortisol content is associated with zygote activation, early embryo cell division, and IGF system gene responses in rainbow trout
Authors: Li Mao , Leatherland John F , Vijayan Matt M , King W Allan , Madan Pavneesh
Published: July 2012

Increasedin ovocortisol content of rainbow trout oocytes from ∼3.5 to ∼5.0 ng.oocyte−1before fertilization enhances the growth of embryos and juveniles and changes the long-term expression pattern of IGF-related genes. This study used embryos reared from oocytes enriched with cortisol and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, RU486, to determine whether the growth-promoting actions of cortisol involve GR protein activation and modulation ofgrexpression. Whole-mountin situimmunohistofluorescence studies of zygotes showed that enhanced oocyte cortisol increased the immunofluorescent GR signal and activated the relocation of GR from a general distribution throughout the cytoplasm to an accumulation in the peri-nuclear cytoplasm.In ovocortisol treatment increased the number of embryonic cells within 48-h post-fertilization, and RU486 partially suppressed this cortisol stimulation of cell duplication. In addition, there was complex interplay between the expression ofgrandigfsystem-related genes spatiotemporally in the different treatment groups, suggesting a role for GR in the regulation of the expression of development. Taken together, these findings indicate an essential role for GR in the regulation of epigenomic events in very early embryos that promoted the long-term growth effects of the embryos and juvenile fish. Moreover, the pretreatment of the oocyte with RU486 had a significant suppressive effect on the maternal mRNA transcript number ofgrandigfsystem-related genes in oocytes and very early stage embryos, suggesting an action of antagonist on the stability of the maternal transcriptome.
A description of large-scale metabolomics studies: increasing value by combining metabolomics with genome-wide SNP genotyping and transcriptional profiling
Authors: Homuth Georg , Teumer Alexander , Völker Uwe , Nauck Matthias
Published: July 2012

The metabolome, defined as the reflection of metabolic dynamics derived from parameters measured primarily in easily accessible body fluids such as serum, plasma, and urine, can be considered as the omics data pool that is closest to the phenotype because it integrates genetic influences as well as nongenetic factors. Metabolic traits can be related to genetic polymorphisms in genome-wide association studies, enabling the identification of underlying genetic factors, as well as to specific phenotypes, resulting in the identification of metabolome signatures primarily caused by nongenetic factors. Similarly, correlation of metabolome data with transcriptional or/and proteome profiles of blood cells also produces valuable data, by revealing associations between metabolic changes and mRNA and protein levels. In the last years, the progress in correlating genetic variation and metabolome profiles was most impressive. This review will therefore try to summarize the most important of these studies and give an outlook on future developments.
Determination Method for Mono‐ and Diethanolamine in Workplace Air by High‐performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Takeuchi Akito , Kitade Takashi , Jukurogi Akira , Hendricks Warren , Kaifuku Yuichiro , Shibayama Kenji , Natsumeda Shuichiro , Ota Hirokazu , Yamada Shu , Sumino Kimiaki , Namera Akira , Kanno Seiichiro
Published: July 2012

Determination Method for Mono‐ and Diethanolamine in Workplace Air by High‐performance Liquid Chromatography: Akito TAKEUCHI, et al. Osaka Occupational Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association—

Objectives

The purpose of this research was to develop a simultaneous determination method for monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA) in workplace air for risk assessment.

Methods

The characteristics of the proposed method, such as recovery, quantitation limit, reproducibility and storage stability of the samples, were examined.

Results

An air sampling cassette containing two sulfuric acid‐treated glass fiber filters was chosen as the sampler. The MEA and DEA were extracted from the sampler filters, derivatized with 9fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride and then analyzed by a high‐performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a fluorescence detector or photo‐diode array detector. The overall recoveries from spiked samplers were 86–99 and 88–99% for MEA and DEA, respectively. The recovery after 5 days of storage in a refrigerator exceeded 95%. The overall limits of quantitation were 0.750 and 0.100 μg/sample for MEA and DEA, respectively. The relative standard deviations, which represent the overall reproducibility defined as precision, were 0.3–1.6 and 0.4–5.7% for MEA and DEA, respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed method enables 4‐h personal exposure monitoring of MEA and DEA at concentrations equaling 1/3,000–2 times the threshold limit value‐time‐weighted average (TLV‐TWA: 3 ppm for MEA, 1 mg/m3for DEA) adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists and also by the Japan Society for Occupational Health. The method is useful for estimating worker exposure to MEA and DEA.
Template-based Approach for the Synthesis of 2D/3D Nanostructures
Authors: Xu Cigang , Fang Qi , Thomas Owain , Gunn Robert , Hodson Chris , Cooke Mike
Published: July 2012

The template-based approach has been employed for the synthesis of nanomaterials with the potential application in the development of new material, energy and microelectronic devices. The templates are carbon nanotubes, to which the external contour is applied. Both plasmaenhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes have been studied for various materials, including SiO2 and Al2O3. It is found that PECVD processes can give conformal coating on the template of carbon nanotubes, and the plasmaenhanced ALD (PEALD) processes do not show obvious damage to the morphology of carbon nanotubes. Pretreatment is also not necessary for the formation of conformal coatings of SiO2 and Al2O3. Moreover, the carbon nanotubes can be treated as the sacrificial template and removed to prepare the nanostructures with original contour. As an example, the 3-dimensional structure of Al2O3 has been demonstrated. This can be explored to develop 2D and 3D nanostructures of the intended materials. The approach of using PECVD and ALD processes makes it possible to integrate in a continuous way such kind of synthesis process with production processes of current semiconductor and energy industries.
Layer-by-layer assembled transparent conductive graphene films for solar cells application
Authors: Ishikawa Ryousuke , Bando Masashi , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Sandhu Adarsh , Konagai Makoto
Published: July 2012

The potential of chemically derived graphene as a solution-processable transparent conductive film has been explored. Synthesis of amine-functionalized graphene oxide was intended for its utilization in layer-by-layer assembly. Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene oxide was utilized to fabricate graphene based thin film in a scalable and highly reproducible way. It was found that optical transmittance and sheet resistance of the film decreases with an increase in number of LBL cycles in a reproducible way. The sheet resistance of LBL-assembled GO film improves by an order of magnitude at the same optical transparency due to more homogeneous coverage and better stacking of graphene flakes. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential for a large-scale deposition of chemically derived graphene.