bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The neural network revolution of artificial intelligence and it's development options
Authors: Zhuravlev Dmitry Vladimirovich , Smolin Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: May 2023

The civilization development, which ensures the science and technology progress, has led to the theories of algorithms and control creation and the achievement of technological capabilities to create "smart" machines, primarily based on information and computing technologies. But, just as in chemistry until the first half of the 19th century there was no doubt that “life force” was needed to obtain organic substances, so it is now widely believed that all modern successes in artificial intelligence are only an imitation of mental activity, which "for real" can occur only in a living person brain. To substantiate this opinion, it is indicated that the created networks of formal neurons not only have work algorithms that differ markedly from the living neural networks functioning, but also their learning processes properties are also radically different. Yes, this is true, but modern successes in the development of "narrow" artificial intelligence provide a basis for understanding the existing unresolved problems and allow us to look for ways to overcome them. The main step is to abandon the imitation of problem solving methods based on the knowledge that a person has and the transition to the acquisition and accumulation of new knowledge through interaction with the environment. But this does not mean that the civilizational knowledge accumulated by mankind should be discarded. On the contrary, it is the existing knowledge that should serve as the basis for obtaining new ones.
Mobilization economy of Russia
Authors: Shcherbakov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: May 2023

The article outlines the principles of the mobilization economy and its connection with the transition to a new society. The logic of the unfolding historical events leaves our country no choice: either the Russian cultural code ceases to exist within the framework of the doctrine of "inclusive capitalism", or Russia forms its universal project and becomes the leader of mankind for the next five hundred years.
The Image of the Future is Born in Urban Planning: Changing the Settlement Model as a Tool for Macroeconomic Transformations
Authors: Fesenko Dmitry Evgenievich
Published: May 2023

The article consists of three sections - two descriptive and one prescriptive. The first one proposes an analysis of the crisis phenomena in the settlement system: from its imbalance and delegation of the functions of strategizing spatial development from the state to development, to the absence in the Gradcodex of a provision on the development of the General Scheme of settlement and monopolization, the absorption of SMEs in the field of development. The second includes a list of the consequences of maintaining the status quo in the field of resettlement: from desertification of the country's territories and depopulation, spurred on by the migration of the population to the largest cities, to a further increase in the number of storeys and building density with the miniaturization of apartments in high-rises and the continuation of the policy of deindustrialization of the country. The third section formulates proposals aimed at changing the country's spatial development strategy, among them - the development of a General Settlement Scheme in the field of low-rise housing in accordance with the principles formulated by the Initiative Group, and a Strategy for the placement and development of productive forces, aimed at dispersed placement of production capacities, inventory of low-rise construction technologies, development of organizational and financial mechanisms to support low-rise construction based on accumulated regional experience, reorientation of transport infrastructure construction from a limited number of agglomerations towards the development of projects aimed at linking the country's space, legislative limitation of monopolization processes in the field of development and construction, creation Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning under the President of the Russian Federation, whose tasks would include, first of all, the strategizing of spatial development, etc.
The modern "era of Change" (about the Russian report to the Club of Rome)
Authors: Malkov Sergey Yurievich
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of research on mathematical modeling and forecasting of world dynamics carried out at Lomonosov Moscow State University under the guidance of academicians V.A.Sadovnichy and A.A.Akaev. The materials of the article reflect the view of Russian scientists on the cardinal changes taking place in the world in recent decades, based on modeling of long-term (lasting hundreds and thousands of years) macro-social processes. The analysis of options for further world development is made. Analysis and modeling have shown that the interaction in the "society-nature" system will depend on the type of social interactions that will be formed in the future society.
The Interwoven World: The Russian Report to The Club of Rome
Authors: Ageev Alexandr Ivanovich , Gromov Vasilii Alexandrovich , Lukovnikova Natalya Mikchailovna , Pereslegin Sergey Borisovich , Pereslegina Elena Borisovna , Shilov Sergey Yurievich
Published: May 2023

The paper concerns with main results of the latest Report to the Club of Rome.
Models of world dynamics: development and interaction of regions
Authors: Makhov Sergei Anatolievich
Published: May 2023

The paper present a dynamic macro model of world dynamics. The world is divided into 19 geographic regions in the model. The internal development of the regions is described by regression equations for demographic and economic indicators (Population, Gross Domestic Product, Gross Capital Formation). The bilateral trade flows from region to region describes interregional interactions and represented the trade submodel. Four types and two types of functional dependence were considered, in total eight variants of the trading equation were studied. The quality of regression models is compared by the coefficient of determination. By calculations the model satisfactorily approximates the dynamics of monotonically changing indicators. The dynamics of non-monotonic trade flows is analyzed, three types of functional de-pendence on time are proposed for their approximation. The forecast of regional development and global dynamics up to 2040 is constructed.
Sociology in contemporary Russia: five keynote aspects
Authors: Lokosov Vyacheslav Veniaminovich
Published: May 2023

Five key aspects of sociological science in modern Russia are analysed. The first three aspects concern the content of sociology - metatheory, middle-level theories and applied sociology. The fourth aspect reveals the institutional implementation of sociology, and the fifth - its practical application. The conclusion is made about the most successful state of applied sociology and the formation of the basic institutional infrastructure. It is proposed to focus on the development of metatheory and the practical application of sociology.
The crisis of ideal political construction in the modern world and the problem of restoring the project in the development strategy of states.
Authors: Chernyakhovskaya Yulia Sergeevna
Published: May 2023

The article deals with the issue of the growing crisis of strategic design in the modern world. The author draws attention to the fact that the rejection of the installation for the implementation of Large Projects, which gradually occurred in the USSR in 1970-1980, resulting in the destruction of the Union State, more broadly launched crisis phenomena in the intellectual sphere all over the world. As a result, first of all, the Western world abandoned the project optimistic vision of the future, dystopian projects began to take the place of certain optimistic visions of the future in the intellectual and artistic sphere, either considering the future as an extension in time of all the crises of the present, or generally assuming only all apocalyptic pictures. The author shows in the article the main artistic and political models that were voiced and approved in this period in the Western consciousness, the loss of their rational design and optimistic vision of the future. The crisis of the optimistic project vision eventually leads to increasingly convulsive reactions of the Western world to the ongoing processes, the rejection of rational understanding of reasonable development projects and the installation of spontaneous power reactions aimed at preserving its geopolitical hegemony. The author draws attention to the fact that without recreating the constructs of strategic project development, similar to those that ensured the development of the Soviet Union, neither Russia nor human civilization as a whole will be able to provide a way out of the downward crisis vector of development that is being established in the world.
Contributions of phenomenology to Brazilian school Physical Education: pathways to the communication field and the curricular area of languages
Authors: Araújo Allyson Carvalho , Surdi Aguinaldo Cesar
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to present and discuss the contributions of phenomenology to Brazilian school Physical Education. It is a theoretical-narrative essay based on work and concepts from Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Elenor Kunz to think of their reverberations in literature and educational policies. We searched in the Brazilian literature for authors who explicitly assume a phenomenological posture in dealing with school Physical Education. The paper points to the German-descent Sich Bewegen theory as the origin of the critical-emancipatory approach. In a second moment, it addresses the contributions of phenomenology to education and, more specifically, to Physical Education as a curriculum component of Brazilian primary education. We notice that the main contribution of phenomenology to Brazilian Physical Education lies in understanding human movement as a dialogue between man and the world. Such an understanding enabled a review of the field’s identity and a re-orientation of school Physical Education in Brazil within curriculum policies, specifically in dialogue with the fields of languages and communication.
Could Artificial Intelligence be the Subject of Criminal Law?
Authors: Mahardhika Vita , Astuti Pudji , Mustaffa Aminuddin
Published: May 2023

The  use  of  artificial  intelligence  can  increase  productivity  and efficiency in various sectors of life. However, it can also potentially cause legal problems especially criminal law if they result in losses. The subject of law in determining who should be responsible is a separate issue. This research examines whether technology using artificial intelligence can be used as the subject of criminal law so that criminal responsibility can be held. This research is normative juridical research with a statutory, conceptual approach and cases related to artificial intelligence and criminal law issues. The study shows that the ability to analyze and make decisions possesed by artificial intelligence can be indicated as "malicious intent".  Yet, the  concept  of  punishment  for  the  artificial intelligence system  requires  a  unique  formula,  as  the  personality  of  artificial intelligence cannot be equated with the personality of a human or  legal  entity.  The  granting  of  legal  status  through  a  criminal sanction  mechanism  in  the  form  of  machine  deactivation, reprogramming, and the severity of destroying machines is expected to provide future solutions to minimize the risk of criminal acts by artificial intelligence.
Is It Legal to Provide Liquidity on the Vexanium Decentralized Exchange in Indonesia?
Authors: Multazam Mochammad Tanzil , Huzairin Regita Amanah , Pratama Sandika Putra , Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: May 2023

One of the platforms in the blockchain is a decentralized exchange. The existence of these platforms helps exchange crypto assets instantly in the blockchain ecosystem without having to exchange them at a central exchange. The liquidity guarantors of decentralized exchanges are liquidity providers. This study aims to assess liquidity providers' legal safety on Vexanium, Indonesia's first public blockchain. The normative method employed in this analysis of the laws and regulations related to blockchain in Indonesia involves a preliminary examination of the liquidity provision process. This study found that the decentralized exchange platform on the Vexanium blockchain still needs to meet the criteria as an electronic system following the laws and regulations. In addition, the absence of clear information about the parties in the platform makes the liquidity provision contract voidable. This research can be utilized for platform developers in the Vexanium blockchain to pay more attention to legal aspects in creating their platforms..
Judiciary Problems in Mature Democratic Countries: American and French Perspectives
Authors: Kwasau Muhammad Aminu , Maina Salma Abdurrahman , Shafiu Raziqa Muhammad , Shafiu Mariyah Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Even when all other safeguards fail, a judiciary of unquestionable integrity is the cornerstone institution necessary for guaranteeing adherence to democracy and the rule of law. It protects the public from any violations of their legal rights and freedoms. This observation applies to both global analyses of the judicial system and rule of law process in America and France, in particular. The judiciary and legal adjudication process were viewed and examined as a great bastion of the rule of law throughout the United States of America and France as one of the great countries that are characterized as mature democracies in this paper, which relied on the qualitative method of data collection.
Review of Zoning Regulations for Seismic Area on the Southwest Coast of Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Akhmad Akhmad , Hangabei Sinung Mufti
Published: May 2023

Regional Indonesia is one of the countries with high seismicity as it is located in the Ring of Fire. This article describes and analyzes the regulations concerning the earthquake- prone areas on the southwest coast of Sumatera Island, particularly in Bengkulu. Earthquake and disaster-related data are taken using the library method from several previous research results and
disaster reports from government agencies. The research result shows that medium-risk earthquake hazards dominate Bengkulu City. Several policies and regulations concerning urban land use are issued, but they must be further harmonized with earthquake disaster mitigation objectives. Almost all areas are located in the moderate seismic hazard area, so general rules and parameters are required for the classification structure; this is a must to
ensure that in case of earthquake, human lives are protected. Detailed spatial plans and zoning regulations become essential documents that can regulate spatial use in detail, accompanied by calculations related to the density and environmental conditions of the area given the spatial provisions.
Leadership Challenges in Democratization: An Analysis of Independent National Electoral Commission of Nigeria
Authors: Shafiu Awwal Muhammad , Umar Abdullahi , Manaf Halimah Abdul
Published: May 2023

This study discusses Electoral Management Bodies (EMBs) leadership challenges utilizing INEC's environment. INEC leadership underperformance compelled the study. The study aimed to identify INEC leaders' 1999–2019 difficulties. The study used in-depth interview data. Nine commission leaders with extensive expertise were interviewed. The analysis shows that INEC's leadership system hinders its mandate. Inadequate manpower, political elites' manipulation, inadequate training, ad-hoc staff problems, inadequate funding, lack of technological know-how, financial autonomy, standard operating system, poor electorate cooperation, and political interference have hampered INEC's democratic election organization in Nigeria. The INEC should have complete independence, embrace innovations, reforms, sensitization programs, adequate funding, more permanent staff, improved voting machines, and training and retraining to help Nigeria hold credible elections. These obstacles help INEC leadership establish itself in the electoral system to foster democratic growth, maturity, and consolidation
A Review Analysis: Implementation of STEAM Project Based Learning in Science Learning
Authors: Nurhasnah  , Festiyed  , Yerimadesi
Published: May 2023

The development of technology 4.0 and social 5.0 has a considerable influence on educational change. Education in the 21st century requires students to have the competencies needed to face the challenges of the times. One of the efforts made is with a learning model that can develop these abilities, namely STEAM-PjBL. The purpose of this research is to analyze implementation trends of STEAM-PjBL in science learning from elementary school level to university level. This research is a literature study by collecting 19 articles. This study adopted the review process by Sharif (2019), by 1) formulating research questions; (2) setting the inclusion criteria (Table 1); (3) search for articles in various databases (Google Scholar, ERIC, DOAJ, journal websites) by typing the keywords “STEAM” “STEAM-PjBL, “STEAM-PjBL in science education” and “science education”; (4) article coding using Paper Classification Form (PCF); (5) identify patterns across articles; (6) synthesize these patterns to answer the research question. The results obtained The implementation of STEAM-PjBL research in science learning has a very good contribution in growing and improving the skills needed by students in facing the challenges of the 21st century. Learning in the current condition, which is still a COVID-19 pandemic, can be an option for schools and teachers to implement STEAM-PjBL so that they can realize the learning goals to be achieved.
Analisis Kesalah Pahaman Kisah Israiliyat dalam Penafsiran Al-Qur’an
Authors: Hajar Aprilita , Riyadi Abdul Kadir
Published: May 2023

Deviation in Qur’anic interpretation is exceedingly perilous, and one of the things that harms Muslims’ faith is the advent of Ad-Dakhil in Qur’anic interpretation. Israiliyah’s narrations, particularly those that focus on historical accounts, are a frequent source of Ad-Dakhil’s influence. The underlying truths about the people’s history in the past are rediscovered in this inquiry using a qualitative methodology or library research. Muslims may also be misled about their faith due to misconceptions about the Israiliyat account in the Qur’an. As a result, they tend to accept and believe in teachings or stories that contain Khuraad and deviations.
STUDY QUR'AN: The Quarantine Program for Memorizing the Qur'an Effectively at Madrasatul Qur'an Islamic Pesantren Mambaul Falah Tambilung Tambak Bawean Gresik
Authors: Halid Ahmad
Published: May 2023

This article explains the quarantine program for quickly memorizing the Qur’an. Because students are motivated to memorize quickly, this quarantine program is exciting. This study examines how the Qur’an Memorizing Quarantine Program at Madrasatul Qur’an Islamic boarding school Mambaul Falah Tambilung Tambak Bawean Gresik can help students memorize the Qur’an in a relatively short period. Using qualitative, descriptive data sources such as observation and interviews, Miles and Huberman analysis, and source triangulation to ensure data validity. The findings of this study indicate that the Koran memorization quarantine program is highly effective because students are solely focused on memorizing the Koran and are constantly guided by ustadz with core and companion or supporting programs.
Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Hoaks Perspektif Muhammad Husain Thabathabai: Solusi Kerukunan Masyarakat dalam Beragama
Authors: Khair Nurul , Alfiyah Alfiyah
Published: May 2023

In terms of discourse, it is known that hoaxes are one of the main problems in the creation of intolerance and acts of violence in the paradigm of religious people. In the Indonesian contest, it is realized that the problem of intolerance is based on an individual's lack of knowledge of beliefs outside their beliefs, thus influencing violent behavior and restrictions on religious expression in the life of religious communities. This can be proven through SETARA Institute data which states that from 2018-2020, cases of religious intolerance and violence in Indonesia have increased; to 202, 327, and 422. An increase in cases necessitates mutual suspicion and hostility which has implications for the decline in the value of unity and thus threatens the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This paper is a review of the literature on Muhammad Husain Thabathabai's thoughts regarding the interpretation of hoax verses which are studied through his main work, entitled "Tafsīr al-Mīzān". By using an analytical descriptive approach. The results of this paper, that to overcome the spread of hoaxes, Muhammad Husain Thabathabai through "Tafsīr Mīzān" explains 4 terms of hoax in the Koran, including; ifkun, Iftirā, kidzb, and buhtān to describe the dangers of hoaxes in human life. Furthermore, Muhammad Husain Thabatahabi offers 3 ways to avoid hoaxes to build religious harmony during the Covid-19 pandemic, including; critical thinking, introspection, and staying away from assumptions or prejudice
Melawan Cyberbullying: Membangun Kesadaran Kemanusiaan dalam Etika Bermedia Sosial Perspektif Al-Qur’an
Authors: Basid Abd. , Rahmah Wildana
Published: May 2023

Social media is an inseparable part of today’s global society. It becomes a very effective instrument in shaping a dynamic society. The convenience it offers makes people more responsible for complete information. There, people find many things and learn in many ways as well. Its presence facilitates all forms of social interaction in the virtual world. However, on the one hand, this convenience turned out to be an anomaly, including the rampant phenomenon of cyberbullying, which is like a form of virtual world crime, even if only in verbal form, such as bullying, body shaming, toxic people, cancel culture, hate-speech, and fake-news. In the Qur’an, this phenomenon’s characteristics have existed and been discussed. However, in responding to this phenomenon, few still present religion (the Qur’an) as a solution perspective. By applying qualitativedescriptive methods and thematic approaches, this study tries to present relevant verses with asbab al-nuzul, which will later be able to find solutions to the cyberbullying phenomenon so that awareness and ethics in social media can be created. In the end, this study concludes that to build human awareness of social media ethics so that cyberbullying does not occur, the Qur’an states the importance of tabayun and qaulan sadida
Islamisasi Konsep Etika Politik Niccolo Machiavelli
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Aliya Anisa , Sofiana Neng Eri , Zahra Fatimatuz
Published: May 2023

Politics is known as an activity that is synonymous with negative and 'evil' things, as well as in The Prince, Niccolo Machiavelli describes politics with the impression of putting aside morals, even to conquer a territory or advance to become a leader, it can be through cunning ways, vile, and evil. This paper will discuss the Islamization of Niccolo Machiavelli's political ethics by using the concept of Islamization promoted by Syed Naquib al-Attas, and the concept of political in Islam. It is carried out by library research which in collecting data relies on data from the literature. As for the result, in Islamic political ethics, religious values must color the behavior of power holders. Al-Qur'an as a source of ethical values, if applied in power will produce a government with high moral values, so as to be able to realize happiness and justice equally for the community.
The Concept of Science in Islamic Tradition: Analytical Studies of Syed Naquib Al-Attas on Knowledge
Authors: Fadillah Nirhamna Hanif , Kusuma Amir Reza , Rajab al-Lakhm Najib Rahman
Published: May 2023

Secularism is a thought born of Western perspectives and experiences, which has had a negative impact on contemporary science. The bad impact is based on the conception of secularism itself, in the form of disenchantment of nature, or the emptying of the universe from religious and spiritual values; desacralization of politics or political exclusion from religious and spiritual elements. Also, deconsecration of false or relativizing human values, so that there are no absolutes in a truth. For this reason, Syed Naquib al-Attas sees the need for the Islamization of knowledge to answer the problem of secularism. Through a library research type study with a descriptive-analytical approach, it can be concluded that al-Attas' Islamization of knowledge answers the problem of secularism in science with three things. Therefore, the composition of the concept of Al-Attas science is built on an Islamic worldview, it is hoped that a Muslim will use his Islamic worldview in viewing reality and truth. both propositions and ontologies. The method of acquiring knowledge is also different from the Western concept, where al-Attas explains that there are several intermediaries, namely healthy senses, khabar sadiq, common sense, and intuition.
Implementasi Zikir Ratib Haddad terhadap Kecerdasan Spiritual Santri di Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo Situbondo
Authors: Yazid Syaifulloh , Hana Khansa
Published: May 2023

This research examines how the implementation of Ratib Hadda's dhikr and its relationship with the spiritual intelligence of the students at the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School, Sukorejo. The background of this research is the routine reading of Ratib Haddad in PP. Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo which lasted quite a long time and continues until now. In fact, the recitation of this dhikr is required because it is one of the methods in the spiritual journey of the santri to gain spiritual intelligence and other benefits from this practice. In an effort to collect data and facts for this study, researchers conducted field observations to PP. Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo and conducted direct interviews with students who had attended the readings of Ratib Haddad regularly according to the schedule of the boarding school. Ratib Haddad is a practice that contains prayers and dhikr compiled by a scholar from Hadramut, namely Habib Abdullah bin Alwi bin Muhammad al-Haddad. The recitation of this dhikr is carried out routinely after the Asar and Isha prayers regularly and in congregation. Meanwhile, regarding the reading order of Ratib Haddad's version of Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo, the ratib readings are at the beginning, while the special ones are in the middle and then continue with prayers and subsequent readings. And the order of Ratib's readings is the result of riyadhah from KH. R.Syamsul Arifin as the founder and first caregiver at the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Islamic Boarding School. With the aim of getting closer to Allah SWT, Ratib's practice has a positive influence on the souls of the students. The students feel an increase in the increase in the soul of spirituality. With the increasing spirituality of the soul, it will also increase spiritual intelligence. Therefore it is very appropriate if Ratib Haddad is in PP. Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo is nicknamed “the soul of the Sukorejo students”.
Physiological and histological effects of apigenin and luteolin on Cytarabine injected rats
Authors: Taqa Ghada A. , Sultan Omar N.
Published: May 2023

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of apigenin and luteolin on physiological and histological changes in rats treated with cytarabine drugs. Thirty-five albino healthy male adult rats with equal age weighing 250 -300g were enrolled. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups according to the treatment. Group “1” was treated with normal saline and served as the control group. Groups “2,3 and 4”  received cytarabine, apigenin, and luteolin respectively, while groups 5, 6, and 7 received a combination of “apigenin + cytarabine”, “luteolin + cytarabine”, and “apigenin + luteolin + cytarabine”, respectively.  After one week of treatment, all seven groups of rats were sacrificed for histological finding, and blood samples were collected from each rat for biochemical parameters analysis. The results of this study showed that cytarabine increased the activity of GPT, GOT,  and cholesterol levels in rats after one week of intraperitoneal injection in comparison to the control. There was no significant difference in GPT and GOT when apigenin and luteolin were administrated orally compared to the control group. When apigenin and luteolin are combined with cytarabine, they have a protective effect on leakage of liver enzymes GPT and GOT in serum. Apigenin and luteolin histologically protect liver cells from cytarabine damage when administered alone. These findings conclude that apigenin and luteolin have a protective effect on cytarabine side effects on the liver and its function in rats.
Synthesis AgO Nanoparticles by Nd:Yag Laser with Different Pulse Energies
Authors: Majeed Munaf S. , Mahmoud Shaymaa M. Mahmoud , Rasheed Raghad Majeed , Rashad Alaa Adnan
Published: May 2023

One technique used to prepare nanoparticles material is Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL), Silver Oxide nanoparticles (AgO) were prepared by using  this technique, where silver target was submerged in ultra-pure water (UPW)  at room temperature after that Nd:Yag laser which characteristics by 1064 nm wavelength, Q-switched, and 6ns pulse duration was used to irradiated silver target. This preparation method was used to study the effects of laser irradiation on Nanoparticles synthesized by used varying laser pulse energy 1000 mJ, 500 mJ, and 100 mJ, with 500 pulses each time on the particle size. Nanoparticles are characterized using XRD, SEM, AFM, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. All the structural peaks determined by the XRD test can be indexed as face-centered cubic (FCC) type, the stronger crystalline orientation is located in the (111) plane. The nanoscale particles have an almost spherical shape as inferred from the SEM images. In (1000) mJ laser pulse energy the best smallest particle size was produced. According to AFM results of all films, the particle size 32.45nm, 64.3nm, and 67.86nm respectively for 1000 mJ, 500 mJ, and 100 mJ , the surface roughness affected and increased as increase the laser energy because the increase particle size and aggregation of partials. UV-Visible spectroscopy measured the absorbance of the silver nanoparticle prepared which is increased as increase pulsed laser ablation energy at wavelength 440 nm.
Molecular Identification of Methylorubrum extorquens using PCR-Amplified MxaF Gene Fragments as A Molecular Marker
Authors: Maki Anwar A. , Al-Taee Asaad M. R. , Atwan Zeenah Weheed
Published: May 2023

Methylotrophs bacteria are ubiquitous, and they have the ability to consume single carbon (C1) which makes them biological conversion machines. It is the first study to find facultative methylotrophic bacteria in contaminated soils in Iraq. Conventional PCR was employed to amplify MxaF that encodes methanol dehydrogenase enzyme. DNA templates were extracted from bacteria isolated from five contaminated sites in Basra. The gene specific PCR detected Methylorubrum extorquens as the most dominant species in these environments. The ability of M. extorquens to degrade aliphatic hydrocarbons compound was tested at the laboratory. Within 7 days, gas chromatographic (GC) studies of remaining utilized crude oil revealed that 61.14 % of the initial content had been degraded, and GC fingerprinting of the utilized aliphatic compounds revealed significant reductions in C12, C13, C14, and C15. Globally this is the first time found a new strain of   M. extorquens has the ability to degrade aliphatic hydrocarbons compound. Conventional PCR and gene sequencing revealed the presence of the facilitative methylotrophic bacteria in polluted areas in Basra. M. extorquens was dominant and showed a substantial ability to degrade crude oil which makes them an important tool to be employed in bioremediation.
Synthesizing and Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Nanocomposite in Cotton Fabrics Nanofinishing
Authors: Sharouf Hoda , Saffour Ziad
Published: May 2023

Metal oxide nanoparticles, including iron oxide, are highly considered as one of the most important species of nanomaterials in a varied range of applications due to their optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. Iron oxides are common compounds, extensive in nature, and easily synthesized in the laboratory. In this paper, iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation of (Fe+2) and (Fe+3) ions, using iron (II and III) sulfate as precursor material and NH4OH solution as solvent at 90°C. After the synthesis of iron oxide particles, it was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These tests confirmed the obtaining of iron oxide nanoparticles with a crystalline structure in the form of (spinel), and the size of nanoparticles ranging from 13-24 nm.
Iron oxide and polyaniline nanocomposite were used to apply in cotton fabrics. The iron oxide nanoparticles were dispersed with different percentage concentrations 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10% in the polymeric solution. Then the cotton samples were treated with the prepared nanocomposite. The electrical conductivity was measured using the four probes method, and it was found that the treated cotton fabrics acquired the electrical conductivity that they did not have before. The ultraviolet transmittance of the treated samples was also measured, and it was noted that the transmittance of the treated samples decreased compared to the untreated sample due to the absorption of ultraviolet rays by iron oxide particles, especially in the UVC field.
Effect of nanocapsules and extract of Metarhizium anisopliae in inhibiting acetylcholine esterase enzyme in Musca domestica larvae.
Authors: Hammed Aliaa Abdul Aziz , Al Shammari Hazim Idan , Kathiar Soolaf A
Published: May 2023

M. domestica is the most important insect that transmit pathogens for diseases in the world. The use of nanotechnology is eco-friendly method in control pests. The study aims to investigate the feasibility of bio-manufacturing nanocapsules of fungal secondary metabolites in order to improve the efficiency of metabolite and assess their inhibitory effect on the acetylcholine esterase enzyme in housefly larvae. An equal mixture of organic solvents, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane, was used to extract the metabolic products of the fungus M. anisopliae, (PEG4000) and chitosan was used in the preparation of nanocapsules. The results of the DLS granular size assay showed that the size of the extract particles and the size of the chitosan and (PEG 4000) nanocapsules were 610, 217 and 188 nm, respectively. The SEM images showed that the diameter of the extract and the nanocapsules chitosan and polyethylene glycol 4000 reached a rate 547.5, 17.8 and 26.2 nm, respectively. The FTIR showed that the extract of the second products of the fungus contains functional groups like: alkynes and alkenes, amines, carboxyl and aromatic groups, while the presence of groups of phenols, alcohol, amines, alkenes, and alkyl halides was recorded for nanocapsules of chitosan and PEG. The results showed that the extract of fungal metabolic and nanocapsules has an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase enzyme and reached the highest inhibition rate 53.2 ,36.3,18.2% when treated with nanocapsules PEG at a concentration 500 ppm, extract of fungal metabolites at a concentration 50,000 ppm, chitosan nanocapsules at a concentration 500 ppm respectively. It is clear that acetylcholinesterase inhibition is one of the mechanisms of fungi metabolic action and the nanocapsules prepared from them.
Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos on the Freshwater Bivalves (Unio Tigridis) and Effects on Bioindicators
Authors: Hanna Nihal Suhail , Shekha Yahya Ahmed
Published: May 2023

A freshwater bivalve plays a crucial function in aquatic habitats as the filtered water and burrowing mussels mix the sediment, thus increasing oxygen content and making the ecosystem healthier. The aim of the study is to see how chlorpyrifos affects biochemical markers in freshwater mussel Unio tigridis. About 180 individuals per taxon and water samples were collected from the Qandil water resource on the Greater Zab River, Erbil Province, Iraq. Once arrived at the lab, the individuals were kept in aquaria with river water and an air-conditioned room Temperature: 25±2 and Light: 12h/12h and acclimatized to laboratory conditions for seven days in aged tap water. The mussel's identification molecularly and the DNA sequence of the mussel includes U. tigridis supplied gene bank accession number ON872361, ON872362, ON872363, and ON872364 nucleotide sequencing. The 96-h toxicity of chlorpyrifos pesticide in the freshwater mussel U. tigridis was investigated using various nominal concentrations, including 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. The water quality of the river and aquaria was tested for physicochemical parameters including water temperature, the potential of hydrogen ion pH, electrical conductivity EC, and total dissolved solids TDS, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium ion, magnesium ion. Water quality results of aquaria revealed that most tested variables were favorable for the breeding of mussels. The mortality of the mussels was observed daily and the 96 h LC50 value for mussels was 157.99 ppm. Within the tissue of the gills, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. The chlorpyrifos exposures caused significant increases in GST, CAT, and MDA. The elevation of oxidative stress biomarkers was inversely related to the AChE inhibition in the examined species. In conclusion water pollution by chlorpyrifos lead to unsafe condition for aquatic taxa.
Study of the Anticancer and Antimicrobial Biological Activity of a New Series of Thiohydantoin Derivatives
Authors: Hays Qusay Hussein , Mutlaq Dakhil Zughayir
Published: May 2023

Recently, some prostate cancer patients have acquired resistance to the second -generation drugs (anzalutamide and apalutamide) prescribed for the treatment of this disease due to the emergence of the F876L mutation, which represents a challenge to modern medicine. In this study, a new series of 2-thiohydantoin derivatives were prepared through the reaction of different derivatives of maleimide (1c-4c) with isothiocyanate derivatives. The prepared compounds were diagnosed using FT-IR,1H-NMR ,13C-NMR, Mass spectra. The prepared series compounds has been studied against prostate cancer cells. The MTT assay was used to determine the activity of the prepared compounds against prostate cancer cells. The data indicated, depending on the IC50 values, that some of the prepared compounds have anti-prostate cancer activity. The results indicate that compounds 1d and 2d have good anti-prostate cancer activity compared to the rest of the compounds. The prepared series of compounds were also studied against selected types of bacteria and fungi, as the results showed that some of the compounds in the series had anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity.
On Semigroup Ideals and Right n-Derivation in 3-Prime Near-Rings
Authors: Farhan Enaam
Published: May 2023

The current paper studied the concept of right n-derivation satisfying certified conditions on semigroup ideals of near-rings and some related properties. Interesting results have been reached, the most prominent of which are the following: Let M be a 3-prime left near-ring and A_1,A_2,…,A_n are nonzero semigroup ideals of M, if d is a right n-derivation of M satisfies on of the following conditions,d(u_1,u_2,…,(u_j,v_j ),…,u_n )=0 ∀ 〖 u〗_1 〖ϵA〗_1 ,u_2 〖ϵA〗_2,…,u_j,v_j ϵ A_j,…,〖u_n ϵA〗_u;d((u_1,v_1 ),(u_2,v_2 ),…,(u_j,v_j ),…,(u_n,v_n ))=0 ∀u_1,v_1 〖ϵA〗_1,u_2,v_2 〖ϵA〗_2,…,u_j,v_j ϵ A_j,…,〖u_n,v_n ϵA〗_u ;d((u_1,v_1 ),(u_2,v_2 ),…,(u_j,v_j ),…,(u_n,v_n ))=(u_j,v_j ) ∀ u_1,v_1 〖ϵA〗_1 ,u_2,v_2 〖ϵA〗_2,…,u_j,v_j ϵ A_j,…,〖u_n,v_n ϵA〗_u;If d+d is an n -additive mapping from A_1×A_2×…×A_n to M;d(u_1,u_2,…,(u_j,v_j ),…,u_n)∈ Z(M) ∀〖 u〗_1 〖ϵA〗_1 ,u_2 〖ϵA〗_2,…,u_j,v_j ϵ A_j,…,〖u_n ϵA〗_u,; d((u_1,v_1 ),(u_2,v_2 ),…,(u_j,v_j ),…,(u_n,v_n ))∈ Z(M) ∀ u_1,v_1 〖ϵA〗_1 ,u_2,v_2 〖ϵA〗_2,…,u_j,v_j ϵ A_j,…,〖u_n,v_n ϵA〗_u;Then M is a commutative ring.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2O/ZnO/GO Nanocomposites on the Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Purba Frikson Jony , Sitorus Zuriah , Tarigan Kerista , Siregar Nurdin
Published: May 2023

This study synthesized nanocomposite photocatalyst materials from a mixture of Cu2O nanoparticles, ZnO nanoparticles, and graphene oxide (GO) through coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. This study aims to determine the optimum composition of Cu2O/ZnO/GO nanocomposites in degrading methylene blue. The nanocomposite was synthesized in two steps:  1  the synthesis of Cu2O and ZnO nanoparticles through the coprecipitation method and the preparation of GO through the modified Hummer method.  2  The preparation of Cu2O and ZnO nanoparticles mixtures with GO through the hydrothermal method to form Cu2O/ZnO/GO nanocomposites. The adsorption-photocatalysis process of methylene blue was done with UV light from a halogen lamp. The characterization results indicated that the optimum composition was Cu2O/ZnO nanocomposite with a ratio of 1:2 and 10% of GO, which had a specific surface area of 35.874 m2 g-1, a pore radius of 19.073 nm, and a pore volume of 0.092 cm3 g-1, and a diameter crystalline of 31.19 nm. The degradation efficiency of methylene blue under UV light for 120 minutes were 82.0%, 86.0%, 91.4%, and 79.3% using the Cu2O/ZnO nanocomposites with GO of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. These results indicated that Cu2O/ZnO/GO nanocomposites efficiently degrade methylene blue from textile dye waste.
Relationship between serum Nesfatin-1, Adiponectin, Resistin Concentration, and Obesity with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Abed Baydaa Ahmed , Farhan Layla Othman , Dawood Ashgan Slman
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus caused by insulin resistance is prompted by obesity. Neuropeptide Nesfatin-1 was identified in several organs, including the central nervous system and pancreatic islet cells. Nesfatin-1 peptide appears to be involved in hypothalamic circuits that energy homeostasis and control food intake. Adiponectin is a plasma collagen-like protein produced by adipocytes that have been linked to the development of insulin resistance (IR), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Resistin was first identified as an adipose tissue–specific hormone that was linked to obesity and diabetes.  The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between human serum nesfatin-1, adiponectin, resistin concentration, and obesity with T2DM. The results show a significant increase in serum neisfatin-1 and resistin levels in the obese diabetic group compared to the non-obese diabetic group. Adiponectin levels had a highly significant decrease in the obese diabetic group compared to the non-obese group and obese control group. Serum Nesfatin-1 and some variables, there was a significant positive correlation with (BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR), and serum resistin had a significant positive correlation with (BMI, WC, TG, insulin, HOMA-IR).On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between serum adiponectin and (BMI, TG, and HOMA-IR). The present results suggest that nesftin-1 may have a role in controlling food intake as well as the development of IR in obese patients.
Bi-Distance Approach to Determine the Topological Invariants of Silicon Carbide
Authors: Mahboob Abid , Rasheed Muhammad Waheed , Bayati Jalal Hatem Hussein , Hanif Iqra , Alam Sajid Mahboob
Published: May 2023

The use of silicon carbide is increasing significantly in the fields of research and technology. Topological indices enable data gathering on algebraic graphs and provide a mathematical framework for analyzing the chemical structural characteristics. In this paper, well-known degree-based topological indices are used to analyze the chemical structures of silicon carbides. To evaluate the features of various chemical or non-chemical networks, a variety of topological indices are defined. In this paper, a new concept related to the degree of the graph called "bi-distance" is introduced, which is used to calculate all the additive as well as multiplicative degree-based indices for the isomer of silicon carbide, Si2C3-1[t, h]. The term "bi-distance" is derived from the concepts of degree and distance in such a way that second distance can be used to calculate degree-based topological indices.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Sistemas de Controle de Acesso Utilizando Tecnologia OCR em Áreas Alfandegadas
Authors: Lacerda Matheus , Bevilaqua Ruan Diego
Published: May 2023

Dada a importância econômica do setor logístico nas cadeias produtivas do mundo globalizado, é imprescindível encontrar maneiras de adequar as tecnologias recentes à legislação vigente. Este trabalho aborda o cenário logístico brasileiro, em relação à quantidade de Recintos Alfandegados, RAs, e faz uma prospecção tecnológica do cenário patentário nacional e internacional em relação a sistemas de controle de acesso baseados na tecnologia Optical Character Recognition, OCR, conforme portaria N°143 da Receita Federal Brasileira, que regulamenta a utilização destes sistemas para controle de acesso em RAs. Foram feitas buscas na base de patentes do INPI, nacionalmente e, internacionalmente, na base lens.org. Os resultados da busca patentária foram condensados, conforme escopo da pesquisa. Foi feita uma análise quantitativa dos pedidos de patentes nacionais e internacionais, e uma análise qualitativa dos pedidos cedidos, para compreender o estado da arte na utilização de OCR para reconhecimento de placas de veículos. Os resultados mostram uma lacuna a ser preenchida pela exploração da Propriedade Intelectual no que tange à integração de sistemas logísticos aos sistemas de OCR, com base na legislação vigente.
Metodologia para Pesquisa e Acesso Público a Informações Históricas da Colonização Catarinense através da Ciência de Dados e Desenvolvimento Web
Authors: Petiz Silmei de Sant'Ana , Sbrusi Danilo , Cendron Marcelo Massoco
Published: May 2023

Os registros civis de nascimento, casamento e óbito constituem fontes históricas ricas em informações demográficas que permitem compreender um contexto social e geográfico da região no período a que se referem. Com o objetivo de disseminar o conhecimento histórico da região do Vale do Rio do Peixe, Estado de Santa Catarina, desenvolveu-se uma aplicação web (site) para apresentar conjuntamente os dados e discussões relativos aos registros civis. Aplicaram-se técnicas da ciência de dados com a linguagem de programação Python e a biblioteca de software Pandas para extrair informações detalhadas, apresentando-as dinâmica e interativamente. Para tanto, estruturou-se a aplicação com o processamento dos dados em Python e o sistema com o framework Flask. A página é construída em HTML, baseada no framework Bootstrap com designs em CSS e funcionalidades em JavaScript. Há recursos de pesquisa e exibição de gráficos interativos, plotados com a biblioteca Apache ECharts a partir de dados JSON compilados pelo Python. Assim, é possível exibir de forma clara as informações históricas contidas nos registros civis. Ademais, espera-se ampliar o conteúdo do website com resultados de outras pesquisas desenvolvidas com a mesma temática, para que sejam expandidos, cada vez mais, os conhecimentos e a divulgação relativos à história regional.