bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevotella: A Key Player in Ruminal Metabolism
Authors: Betancur-Murillo Claudia Lorena , Aguilar-Marín Sandra Bibiana , Jovel Juan
Published: December 2022

Ruminants are foregut fermenters that have the remarkable ability of converting plant polymers that are indigestible to humans into assimilable comestibles like meat and milk, which are cornerstones of human nutrition. Ruminants establish a symbiotic relationship with their microbiome, and the latter is the workhorse of carbohydrate fermentation. On the other hand, during carbohydrate fermentation, synthesis of propionate sequesters H, thus reducing its availability for the ultimate production of methane (CH4) by methanogenic archaea. Biochemically, methane is the simplest alkane and represents a downturn in energetic efficiency in ruminants; environmentally, it constitutes a potent greenhouse gas that negatively affects climate change. Prevotella is a very versatile microbe capable of processing a wide range of proteins and polysaccharides, and one of its fermentation products is propionate, a trait that appears conspicuous in P. ruminicola strain 23. Since propionate, but not acetate or butyrate, constitutes an H sink, propionate-producing microbes have the potential to reduce methane production. Accordingly, numerous studies suggest that members of the genus Prevotella have the ability to divert the hydrogen flow in glycolysis away from methanogenesis and in favor of propionic acid production. Intended for a broad audience in microbiology, our review summarizes the biochemistry of carbohydrate fermentation and subsequently discusses the evidence supporting the essential role of Prevotella in lignocellulose processing and its association with reduced methane emissions. We hope this article will serve as an introduction to novice Prevotella researchers and as an update to others more conversant with the topic.
Photoluminescence Investigations of Dy3+-Doped Silicate Xerogels and SiO2-LaF3 Nano-Glass-Ceramic Materials
Authors: Pawlik Natalia , Goryczka Tomasz , Pietrasik Ewa , Śmiarowska Joanna , Pisarski Wojciech A.
Published: December 2022

In this work, the series of Dy3+-doped silicate xerogels were synthesized by sol-gel technique and further processed at 350 °C into SiO2-LaF3:Dy3+ nano-glass-ceramic materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, along with the thermal analysis, indicated that heat-treatment triggered the decomposition of La(TFA)3 inside amorphous sol-gel hosts, resulting in the formation of hexagonal LaF3 phase with average crystal size at about ~10 nm. Based on the photoluminescence results, it was proven that the intensities of blue (4F9/2 → 6H15/2), yellow (4F9/2 → 6H13/2), and red (4F9/2 → 6H11/2) emissions, as well as the calculated yellow-to-blue (Y/B) ratios, are dependent on the nature of fabricated materials, and from fixed La3+:Dy3+ molar ratios. For xerogels, the emission was gradually increased, and the τ(4F9/2) lifetimes were elongated to 42.7 ± 0.3 μs (La3+:Dy3+ = 0.82:0.18), however, for the sample with the lowest La3+:Dy3+ molar ratio (0.70:0.30), the concentration quenching was observed. For SiO2-LaF3:Dy3+ nano-glass-ceramics, the concentration quenching effect was more visible than for xerogels and started from the sample with the highest La3+:Dy3+ molar ratio (0.988:0.012), thus the τ(4F9/2) lifetimes became shorter from 1731.5 ± 5.7 up to 119.8 ± 0.4 μs. The optical results suggest, along with an interpretation of XRD data, that Dy3+ ions were partially entered inside LaF3 phase, resulting in the shortening of Dy3+-Dy3+ inter-ionic distances.
Shear Bond Strength and Color Stability of Novel Antibacterial Nanofilled Dental Adhesive Resins
Authors: Hong Qing , Pierre-Bez Alexandra C. , Kury Matheus , Curtis Mark E. , Hiers Rochelle D. , Esteban Florez Fernando L. , Mitchell John C.
Published: December 2022

Experimental adhesives containing co-doped metaloxide nanoparticles were demonstrated to display strong and long-term antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The present study represents an effort to characterize the shear-bond strength (SBS) and color stability (CS) of these novel biomaterials. Experimental adhesives were obtained by dispersing nitrogen and fluorine co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NF_TiO2, 10%, 20% or 30%, v/v%) into OptiBond Solo Plus (OPTB). Dentin surfaces were wet-polished (600-Grit). Specimens (n = 5/group) of Tetric EvoCeram were fabricated and bonded using either OPTB or experimental (OPTB + NF_TiO2) adhesives. Specimens were stored in water (37 °C) for twenty-four hours (T1), three months (T2), and six months (T3). At T1, T2, or T3, specimens were removed from water storage and were tested for SBS. Disc-shaped specimens (n = 10/group; d = 6.0 mm, t = 0.5 mm) of adhesives investigated were fabricated and subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles, 5–55 °C, 15 s dwell time). Specimens’ colors were determined with a VITA Easyshade® V spectrophotometer (after every 1000 cycles). SBS data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests, while CS data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Mean values of SBS ranged from 16.39 ± 4.20 MPa (OPTB + 30%NF_TiO2) to 19.11 ± 1.11 MPa (OPTB), from 12.99 ± 2.53 MPa (OPTB + 30% NF_TiO2) to 14.87 ± 2.02 (OPTB) and from 11.37 ± 1.89 (OPTB + 20% NF_TiO2) to 14.19 ± 2.24 (OPTB) after twenty-four hours, three months, and six months of water storage, respectively. Experimental materials had SBS values that were comparable (p > 0.05) to those from OPTB independently of nanoparticle concentration or time-point considered. Experimental materials with higher NF_TiO2 concentrations had less intense color variations and were more color stable than OPTB even after 10,000 thermocycles. In combination, the results reported have demonstrated that experimental adhesives can establish strong and durable bonds to human dentin while displaying colors that are more stable, thereby suggesting that the antibacterial nanotechnology investigated can withstand the harsh conditions within the oral cavity without compromising the esthetic component of dental restorations.
From Ionic Nanoparticle Organic Hybrids to Ionic Nanocomposites: Structure, Dynamics, and Properties: A Review
Authors: Karatrantos Argyrios V. , Mugemana Clement , Bouhala Lyazid , Clarke Nigel , Kröger Martin
Published: December 2022

Ionic nanoparticle organic hybrids have been the focus of research for almost 20 years, however the substitution of ionic canopy by an ionic-entangled polymer matrix was implemented only recently, and can lead to the formulation of ionic nanocomposites. The functionalization of nanoparticle surface by covalently grafting a charged ligand (corona) interacting electrostatically with the oppositely charged canopy (polymer matrix) can promote the dispersion state and stability which are prerequisites for property “tuning”, polymer reinforcement, and fabrication of high-performance nanocomposites. Different types of nanoparticle, shape (spherical or anisotropic), loading, graft corona, polymer matrix type, charge density, molecular weight, can influence the nanoparticle dispersion state, and can alter the rheological, mechanical, electrical, self-healing, and shape-memory behavior of ionic nanocomposites. Such ionic nanocomposites can offer new properties and design possibilities in comparison to traditional polymer nanocomposites. However, to achieve a technological breakthrough by designing and developing such ionic nanomaterials, a synergy between experiments and simulation methods is necessary in order to obtain a fundamental understanding of the underlying physics and chemistry. Although there are a few coarse-grained simulation efforts to disclose the underlying physics, atomistic models and simulations that could shed light on the interphase, effect of polymer and nanoparticle chemistry on behavior, are completely absent.
Current Opinion on the Use of c-Fos in Neuroscience
Authors: Lara Aparicio Sandra Yasbeth , Laureani Fierro Ángel de Jesús , Aranda Abreu Gonzalo Emiliano , Toledo Cárdenas Rebeca , García Hernández Luis Isauro , Coria Ávila Genaro Alfonso , Rojas Durán Fausto , Aguilar María Elena Hernández , Manzo Denes Jorge , Chi-Castañeda Lizbeth Donají , Pérez Estudillo César Antonio
Published: December 2022

For years, the biochemical processes that are triggered by harmful and non-harmful stimuli at the central nervous system level have been extensively studied by the scientific community through numerous techniques and animal models. For example, one of these techniques is the use of immediate expression genes, which is a useful, accessible, and reliable method for observing and quantifying cell activation. It has been shown that both the c-fos gene and its protein c-Fos have rapid activation after stimulus, with the length of time that they remain active depending on the type of stimulus and the activation time depending on the stimulus and the structure studied. Fos requires the participation of other genes (such as c-jun) for its expression (during hetero-dimer forming). c-Fos dimerizes with c-Jun protein to form factor AP-1, which promotes the transcription of various genes. The production and removal of c-Fos is part of cellular homeostasis, but its overexpression results in increased cell proliferation. Although Fos has been used as a marker of cellular activity since the 1990s, which molecular mechanism participates in the regulation of the expression of this protein is still unknown because the gene and the protein are not specific to neurons or glial cells. For these reasons, this work has the objective of gathering information about this protein and its use in neuroscience.
Consistent Theories of Free Dirac Particle without Singular Predictions
Authors: Nisticò Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

Dirac’s theory is not the unique theory consistent with the physical principles specific of a free spin-one-half particle. In fact, we derive classes of theories of an elementary free particle from the principle of Poincaré’s invariance and from the principle of the covariance of the position. The theory of Dirac is just one of these theories, characterized by singular predictions, namely, the zitterbewegung. Yet, the class here derived contains families of consistent theories without singular predictions. For the time being, the experimental verifiability of these alternative theories is restricted to the predictions of free-particle theories for ideal experiments.
Nitrogen Acquisition and Transport in the Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis—Insights from the Interaction between an Oak Tree and Pisolithus tinctorius
Authors: Sebastiana Mónica , Serrazina Susana , Monteiro Filipa , Wipf Daniel , Fromentin Jérome , Teixeira Rita , Malhó Rui , Courty Pierre-Emmanuel
Published: December 2022

In temperate forests, the roots of various tree species are colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi, which have a key role in the nitrogen nutrition of their hosts. However, not much is known about the molecular mechanisms related to nitrogen metabolism in ectomycorrhizal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen metabolic response of oak plants when inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius. The expression of candidate genes encoding proteins involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation was investigated in ectomycorrhizal roots. We found that three oak ammonium transporters were over-expressed in root tissues after inoculation, while the expression of amino acid transporters was not modified, suggesting that inorganic nitrogen is the main form of nitrogen transferred by the symbiotic fungus into the roots of the host plant. Analysis by heterologous complementation of a yeast mutant defective in ammonium uptake and GFP subcellular protein localization clearly confirmed that two of these genes encode functional ammonium transporters. Structural similarities between the proteins encoded by these ectomycorrhizal upregulated ammonium transporters, and a well-characterized ammonium transporter from E. coli, suggest a similar transport mechanism, involving deprotonation of NH4+, followed by diffusion of uncharged NH3 into the cytosol. This view is supported by the lack of induction of NH4+ detoxifying mechanisms, such as the GS/GOGAT pathway, in the oak mycorrhizal roots.
Effective Early Treatment of Microcystis Exponential Growth and Microcystin Production with Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Struewing Ian , Sienkiewicz Nathan , Zhang Chiqian , Dugan Nicholas , Lu Jingrang
Published: December 2022

Mitigating cyanotoxin production is essential to protecting aquatic ecosystems and public health. However, current harmful cyanobacterial bloom (HCB) control strategies have significant shortcomings. Because predicting HCBs is difficult, current HCB control strategies are employed when heavy HCBs have already occurred. Our pilot study developed an effective HCB prediction approach that is employed before exponential cyanobacterial growth and massive cyanotoxin production can occur. We used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay targeting the toxin-encoding gene mcyA to signal the timing of treatment. When control measures were applied at an early growth stage or one week before the exponential growth of Microcystis aeruginosa (predicted by qPCR signals), both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the adsorbent hydroxyapatite (HAP) effectively stopped M. aeruginosa growth and microcystin (MC) production. Treatment with either H2O2 (10 mg·L−1) or HAP (40 µm particles at 2.5 g·L−1) significantly reduced both mcyA gene copies and MC levels compared with the control in a dose-dependent manner. While both treatments reduced MC levels similarly, HAP showed a greater ability to reduce mcyA gene abundance. Under laboratory culture conditions, H2O2 and HAP also prevented MC production when applied at the early stages of the bloom when mcyA gene abundance was below 105 copies·mL−1.
Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineages and Drug Resistance in Upper Myanmar
Authors: Phyu Aye Nyein , Aung Si Thu , Palittapongarnpim Prasit , Htet Kyaw Ko Ko , Mahasirimongkol Surakameth , Aung Htin Lin , Chaiprasert Angkana , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi
Published: December 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is divided into 9 whole genome sequencing (WGS) lineages. Among them, lineages 1–4 are widely distributed. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health threat. For effective TB control, there is a need to obtain genetic information on lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and to understand distribution of lineages and drug resistance. This study aimed to describe the distribution of major lineages and drug resistance patterns of Mtb in Upper Myanmar. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 506 sequenced isolates. We found that the most common lineage was lineage 2 (n = 223, 44.1%). The most common drug resistance mutation found was streptomycin (n = 44, 8.7%). Lineage 2 showed a higher number of MDR-TB compared to other lineages. There were significant associations between lineages of Mtb and drug resistance patterns, and between lineages and geographical locations of Upper Myanmar (p value < 0.001). This information on the distribution of Mtb lineages across the geographical areas will support a lot for the better understanding of TB transmission and control in Myanmar and other neighboring countries. Therefore, closer collaboration in cross border tuberculosis control is recommended.
Evaluation of Whole-Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in the Context of Long-Term Herd Immunity
Authors: Szwejser-Zawislak Ewa , Wilk Mieszko M. , Piszczek Piotr , Krawczyk Justyna , Wilczyńska Daria , Hozbor Daniela
Published: December 2022

After the pertussis vaccine had been introduced in the 1940s and was shown to be very successful in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, the possibility of improving both vaccine composition and vaccination schedules has become the subject of continuous interest. As a result, we are witnessing a considerable heterogeneity in pertussis vaccination policies, which remains beyond universal consensus. Many pertussis-related deaths still occur in low- and middle-income countries; however, these deaths are attributable to gaps in vaccination coverage and limited access to healthcare in these countries, rather than to the poor efficacy of the first generation of pertussis vaccine consisting in inactivated and detoxified whole cell pathogen (wP). In many, particularly high-income countries, a switch was made in the 1990s to the use of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, to reduce the rate of post-vaccination adverse events and thereby achieve a higher percentage of children vaccinated. However the epidemiological data collected over the past few decades, even in those high-income countries, show an increase in pertussis prevalence and morbidity rates, triggering a wide-ranging debate on the causes of pertussis resurgence and the effectiveness of current pertussis prevention strategies, as well as on the efficacy of available pertussis vaccines and immunization schedules. The current article presents a systematic review of scientific reports on the evaluation of the use of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines, in the context of long-term immunity and vaccines efficacy.
Bir Minyatür Ustası Bihzâd’ın Klasik Şiire Yansımaları
Authors: AKTAŞ Mutlu Muhammet
Published: December 2022

Klasik şiirin güçlü bir gelenek hâline gelmesinde şairlerin tutumunun büyük payı vardır. Onlar kendileri için belirlenmiş kurallardan asla taviz vermemişlerdir. Ayrıca sunulan malzemeyi, tıpkı bir ressamın elindeki sınırlı renklerle eşsiz görseller ortaya koyduğu gibi işlemişlerdir. Sanatsal yönlerini sürekli geliştirmeye çalışmışlar, bu hususta kafa yormayı ve araştırmayı hiçbir zaman bırakmamışlardır. Bu bakımdan diğer sanat dallarıyla her daim alakalarını sürdürmüşlerdir. Bilhassa şiir ve resmin ortak yönlerinin oldukça fazla olmasından dolayı her ikisi de etkileşim hâlinde olmuşlardır. Birçok divanda adı sıklıkla zikredilen şahsiyetlerden biri olan Bihzâd bu tutuma bir örnektir. Bihzâd, kaynaklarda hem İran mitolojisinde var olan hem de Horasan Hükümdarı Hüseyin Baykara’nın yanında yetişen iki farklı sanatçının ortak adıdır. Ancak klasik şiirde daha çok kastedilen Hüseyin Baykara’nın nedimlerinden olan Bihzâd’dır. Şairlerin adını zikretmelerindeki temel gaye tasvir etme yeteneklerini ve sanatçı kişiliklerini onunla kıyaslamaktır. Bu da şahsiyeti çerçevesinde şairlerin ve klasik şiirin sanat anlayışı hakkında fikir sahibi olmamızı sağlamaktadır. Çalışma da bundan yola çıkılarak hazırlanmıştır. Bunun için öncelikle divanlarda Bihzâd’ın isminin zikredildiği beyitler tespit edilmiştir. Neticesinde şairlerin Bihzâd’la ilgili olarak değindiklerinden hareketle sanat anlayışları maddeler hâlinde belirlenmiştir. Böylelikle Bihzâd karakterinin klasik şiir anlayışındaki yeri gözler önüne serilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Biological Sequence Classification: A Review on Data and General Methods
Authors: Ao Chunyan , Jiao Shihu , Wang Yansu , Yu Liang , Zou Quan
Published: December 2022

With the rapid development of biotechnology, the number of biological sequences has grown exponentially. The continuous expansion of biological sequence data promotes the application of machine learning in biological sequences to construct predictive models for mining biological sequence information. There are many branches of biological sequence classification research. In this review, we mainly focus on the function and modification classification of biological sequences based on machine learning. Sequence-based prediction and analysis are the basic tasks to understand the biological functions of DNA, RNA, proteins, and peptides. However, there are hundreds of classification models developed for biological sequences, and the quite varied specific methods seem dizzying at first glance. Here, we aim to establish a long-term support website (http://lab.malab.cn/~acy/BioseqData/home.html), which provides readers with detailed information on the classification method and download links to relevant datasets. We briefly introduce the steps to build an effective model framework for biological sequence data. In addition, a brief introduction to single-cell sequencing data analysis methods and applications in biology is also included. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of biological sequence classification research.
Harran Bölgesi Arap Diyalektinin Kelime Semantiğinde Bazı Anlam Değişmeleri ve Alternatif Kelime Kullanımları
Authors: ÖNEL Abdulhakim
Published: December 2022

Şanlıurfa ili merkez ilçe ve köylerinin yanı sıra Harran ve Akçakale ilçelerinin tamamında, Viranşehir ve Ceylanpınar’ın büyük bir kısmında, Siverek, Birecik ve Hilvan’ın bazı köylerinde yaşayan Arap asıllı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşları günlük konuşmalarında yerel Arap diyalekti kullanmaktadırlar. Bu diyalekt, klasik lehçelerde görülen keşkeşe, istintâ, teltele, imâle, ‘an‘ane, ekelûni’l-berâğîs gibi birçok özelliği aynen yansıtmaktadır. Harran Arap diyalekti, Arap kabilelerinin bölgeye yerleştiği dönemden itibaren nesiller arasında sözlü olarak aktarılmış ve günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır. Bu süreç içerisinde diyalektte doğal olarak birtakım değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Zamanla kelimelerin aslî şekillerinde bazı değişimler meydana gelmiştir. Bu değişimler bazı seslerin telaffuzu, hece düzeni, kelimelerin anlam delaleti ve alternatif bazı kelime üretimi gibi hususlarda görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada Harran Arap diyalektinde kullanılan kelimelerde meydana gelen anlam genişlemesi, anlam daralması, anlam kayması gibi değişikliklerin yol açtığı delaletle ilgili hususlar ele alınmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Modern Standart Arapçada bir manayı ifade etmek için kullanılan kelimelerin yerine bu diyalektte alternatif kelimelerin kullanılması mukayeseli olarak incelenmiştir.
Ethnic Society and Marriage Patterns on the basis of Akam (Love) Songs
Authors: J Arul Jothi
Published: December 2022

The ancient Tamil people made their living on the basis of the land. The life of the Tamils of the Sangam age is divided into two parts, Akam (Love) and Puram (Social). Akam refers to the events of love life. The early man began to live in groups to protect himself from destruction. It is this system of collective life that later led to the formation of the ethnic society. It is clear that during the Sangam age, the inhabitants were also based on different types of Thinai of Veduvarkudi, Ayarkudi, Kanavarkudi, Bharathavarkudi, and Umanarkudi. The Puram shows the events of life other than love. An ethnic group is characterized by the culture of the people and the language, culture, and tradition of that race. The purpose of this article is to examine the marriage pattern of the ethnic communities in which the diversity of the population lived.
The Shepherds of the Sangam Age - Ethnographic View
Authors: J Amutha
Published: December 2022

Humans lived in mountains and caves in the early days of human history. Later, due to the increase in population, they went to the forest edifice of Mullai land. They domesticated and reared animals like buffalo, cows, and goats for the needs of their lives. Since sheep and cattle are multiplying rapidly in this land, they should have stayed there and established their lives. Therefore, it can be said that Mullai land shepherd communities were formed there. The fact that Mullai land was the abode of the gods under the banyan tree and near the water resources indicates that these places were places of worship. Only Mullaikali speaks of embracing bulls as a symbol of the tradition of the people of Mullai land. It can be seen that there was a custom of marrying the shepherds of Mullai land. This article is aimed at examining the way in which they lived in harmony with their lives by considering cattle as wealth.
The Natural Life of the People of Mudhuvar Ethnic Community through the novel 'Valasai (Animal Migration)'
Authors: K Sathya Jothi
Published: December 2022

Tamil literature of this period plays a major role in speaking of the current scenario. In that sense, it can be said that there is no equivalent to novels in telling contemporary social problems and their solutions. No wonder today's Tamil novels are mirrors of time. Among such novels is Su. Venugopal's novel 'Valasai' is one of them. The novel speaks of the problems of the life of elephants; And as another storyline, it also talks about the life of the tribal people, the Mudhuvars. The novel reveals that the Mudhuvars have their own unique way of life and that they are ecologically concerned. This article shows how the way of life of the Mudhuvars revealed by the novel 'Valasai' is naturalistic. This paper describes the way in which natural life manifests itself in elements such as food, shelter, harmony with elephants, and practical recreation of the Mudhuvars.
The Remnants of the Ethnic Community in the Silappathikara Vettuva Vari (Hunting Chapter)
Authors: M Sankar
Published: December 2022

Silappathikaram, the first epic that appeared in Tamil, contains relics of ethnic life. The purpose of this article is to bring them out. Silappathikaram also highlights the life of the ethnic people in the midst of the chapters that speak of the greatness of the Moovendars (Three Kings). In this way, in the Vettuva vari of the Madurai Chapter, one can see that the life of the Eyinars and their worship are explained. In the worship of Kottravai, they gave her the symbols of their race as her weapons. These can be seen to illustrate their life. The lyrics sung in this worship form the collective mantra. It is also based on the belief that collective worship accomplishes everything. Because of their victory in the battle to attract the enemy, they give a gift of blood to Kottravai. This is an expression of extreme devotional consciousness. This article is written with the aim of examining how ethnic life is thus represented by living beings.
The Ethnocultural Records found in the short story 'Nizhalai Irunthavarkal (Those Who Were the Shadow)'
Authors: R Rathinakumari
Published: December 2022

Language and thought contribute to the success of literature. Accordingly, on the one hand, literary creation, and linguistic ideas, and on the other hand, it depends on the nature of the creator's exposure to them. Every poet wants to present in his work the event that has affected him in the society to which he belongs, that has stuck in his mind, and that constantly questions him. In that way, culture is a part of society. In today's context, the way creators handle culture has changed. It can be seen that the culture is dying. Literature is presented as cultural records of the way people in an individual community have their own unique language, beliefs, rituals, relationships, occupations, economics, habits, food, etc. The differences between the community and the particular ethnic group are identified and the creation of works is centered on the works. S Ramakrishnan's short story story 'Nizhalai Irunthavarkal (Those Who Were the Shadow)' is one of them. Though the work focuses on the Reddys, it also reveals the cultural records of the Thevars, citizens, etc. This article also highlights the cultural records of these three ethnic groups through the short sto
Young People's Attitude in Andal Priyadarshini's Novel "Thakanam (Cremation)"
Authors: A Angel Rani
Published: December 2022

"Thakanam" is a novel that deals with the sufferings in the lives of the people who live in the cremating work. In this novel, both the young and the elderly are shown by the teacher as cremators. This article highlights the sufferings of young people who are less experienced among them. The sufferings that these young people face when they take up the cremating occupation in their lives are limitless. They hide their sufferings and show happy faces. They are seen to be personality-possessed. However, sometimes their minds get disheartened when they lose. As they move on to the next stage of life, they are unable to make the right decisions and are subject to mental struggle. This article is intended to illustrate all this from a psychological point of view.
The Marudham Land Plants from an Ecological Point of View
Authors: S Uma
Published: December 2022

Social anthropologists have given various explanations and definitions of the term environment. Sangam literature encompasses nature and culture in itself. The news is widely reported on the lifestyle and environment of the people. Marudham, one of the five types of lands in ancient Tamil Nadu, is a field-based water-rich area. This land area depended on rivers, lakes, and ponds. The area is named Marudham after the flowering of the Marudham tree, a tree associated with this area. Since Marudham land is rich in water and there was a lot of availability of produce, the people living here spent their leisure time with joy and revelry. It is said that Marudham land was looking green as if it had worn green clothes of paddy, banana, and sugarcane. The poets reveal that the land of Marudham was covered with plants, vines, trees, and water bodies. It can be seen that references to Marudham, Kanchi Maram (Thespesia Populnea), Mango, Punkamaram (Cypress Tree), Veppamaram (Neem Tree), Banana Tree, and Vanjimaram (Calamus Rotang Palm) plants are found in the Marudathan songs. It is mentioned that the Calamus Rotang palm wood pieces and branches were used as firewood.
Effectiveness of video tutorial on compliance of medical officers to sequence of intubation protocol in simulated Covid-19 patients
Authors: Awang Mohamad Azlan , Zaini Rhendra Hardy Mohamad , Hassan Wan Mohd Nazaruddin Wan
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The use of full PPE, aerosol box, and video laryngoscope are recommended when performing intubation on a Covid-19 patient. However, this technique may be difficult for medical officers unfamiliar with the intubation protocol sequence, especially for those with less experience in anaesthesia. Video tutorials may play a vital role in improving the technique. This study evaluated the compliance of medical officers in our anaesthesia department to the intubation protocol and the effect on compliance before and after viewing the video tutorial on the protocol.
Methods: A total of 70 medical officers (n = 70) in the Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan participated in this study. The participants performed the intubation protocol sequence on a simulated Covid-19 mannequin. Participants then viewed a video tutorial after their initial attempt and repeated the intubation sequence afterward. The outcomes measured include the proportion of participants compliant with the intubation protocol, the association between years of experience and compliance, and the compliance score before and after the video tutorial.
Results: There was no significant association between years of anaesthesia and compliance score (p = 0.058). A large proportion of the subjects were compliant (n = 57, 81.4%). There was a significant difference between initial and repeatedcompliance score post-video tutorial (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Years of experience in anaesthesia was not a determining factor for compliance with the intubation protocol sequence on simulated Covid-19 patients. However, the video tutorial played a significant role in improving compliance withthe intubation sequence.
Platelet-rich plasma injection for symptomatic relief of disability associated with traumatic knee arthritis: a case report
Authors: Yap Mei Leng , Ghazali Awisul Islah
Published: December 2022

Multimodality is the mainstay of osteoarthritis (OA) treatment and intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection is gaining acceptance due to its regenerative properties and being minimally invasive. We present a young woman with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 post-traumatic OA in the left knee who refused surgery and opted for pain clinic follow-up. Five PRP injections in intervals of 4 to 9 months were administered in the past 2 years in addition to oral analgesia when necessary. Five ml of PRP was prepared via the double-spin open method and injected under ultrasound guidance to the left knee joint. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain was recorded at pre-procedure, and at 1-week and 1-month post-procedure. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was recorded at pre-procedure and 1-month post-procedure. PRP injection successfully reduced the VAS from 5 to 3 at both 1-week and 1-month post-procedure, and resulted in a WOMAC reduction of 54% with improvement in all WOMAC subscales at 1-month post-procedure. Our case showed that PRP injection demonstrated a positive effect on pain relief and physical function improvement in traumatic knee OA.
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: anaesthetic care for meningioma excision
Authors: Leong Kok Weng , Md Miskan Maizatulhikma , Sivanaser Vanitha
Published: December 2022

In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, the presence of an accessory pathway between the atrium and ventricle predisposes the patient to paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, which may progress to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Several drugs that are used perioperatively may alter the cardiac conduction velocity and refractory period. This fact, interacting with factors such as increased sympathetic tone (e.g., anxiety, pain, or seizure) or haemorrhage, leads to tachycardia, where shortened R-R interval predisposes the heart to re-entrant tachyarrhythmias. We reported and highlighted the perioperative issues while anaesthetising a 15-year-old boy with WPW syndrome for craniotomy and excision of parietal meningioma.
Klasifikasi Penjualan Produk Customer Relationship Management dengan Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbors
Authors: Dwi Putra Rico
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan dalam dunia bisnis tidak hanya bergantung pada kualitas produknya saja, tetapi juga melihat dari sisi kualitas layanan yang diberikan oleh toko. Memberikan pelayanan yang bermutu tinggi dapat memberikan keselarasan terhadap kebutuhan pelanggan. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) merupakan strategi bisnis yang terdiri dari software dan layanan yang didesain untuk meningkatkan keuntungan (profit), pendapatan (revenue) dan kepuasan pelanggan (customer satisfaction). Klasifikasi merupakan proses penemuan model yang menggambarkan dan membedakan kelas data, atau cara mengklasifikasi data kedalam satu atau beberapa kelas yang sudah didefinisikan sebelumnya. Teknik klasifikasi yang banyak digunakan secara luas, diantaranya adalah Neural, Rough sets, K-nearest Neighbor. Dalam meningkatkan penjualan dan pengelompokan barang yang lebih banyak digunakan Customer Relationship Management dengan metode K-Nearest Neighbor untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan produk dengan melakukan komunikasi dengan pelanggan secara rutin dan terjadwal dengan media sosial ditujukan agar konsumen tidak ketinggalan informasi seputar produk dan memperluas pangsa pasar untuk penjualan produk. Data yang digunakan adalah data produk beserta harga dan stok, dengan adanya data tersebut akan didapatkan hasil perangkingan produk mana yang terjual
The Effect of Yoga on the Intensity of Primary Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls at Insan Permai Youth Posyandu Cikancung Village Bandung
Authors: Cahyati Nanik , Nurhayati Fitri , Sumarlina Nenden
Published: December 2022

Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation that interferes with the daily activities of adolescent girls such as decreased concentration on learning because of the pain felt. One way to reduce the intensity of dysmenorrhea is with yoga. Therefore, it is necessary to prove the effect of yoga on dysmenorrhea intensity. The general purpose of this study was to determine the effect of yoga on the intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls at the Insan Permai Youth Posyandu, Cikancung Village. While the specific purpose is to identify the dysmenorrhea intensity score before and after yoga and analyze the effect of yoga in reducing dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls at the Insan Permai Youth Posyandu, Cikancung Village, Bandung Regency. This research design is a quantitative analytic pre-experiment with a one group pretest-posttest design approach and calculated using the paired t-test. The sample in this study amounted to 25 adolescent girls with data collection tools in the form of NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) observation sheets.  The results of the study obtained a dysmenorrhea intensity scale before yoga with a mean of 4.32 and a dysmenorrhea intensity scale after yoga with a mean of 2.08 and p-value <0.05. This means that there is an effect of yoga in reducing dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. This research is expected to be a reference for young women in reducing dysmenorrhea and midwives can also provide promotion that yoga is an alternative way to overcome dysmenorrhea.
The Effectiveness of a Counseling Program Based on the Mindfulness Approaches in Increasing the Psychological Well-Being among a Sample of Working Women at Al-Hassan Industrial Zone
Authors: Bany Ersheed Esra , Al-Shreffen Ahmad , Al-Refaei Abeer
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The study aimed to discover the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy in enhancing the level of psychological well-being among a sample of working women in Al-Hassan Industrial zone in Irbid. The study sample consisted of 30 women working in al-Hassan Industrial zone. they were randomly assigned to two equal groups: the experimental group and control group.

Methods: To achieve the objectives of the study, the Psychological Well-Being Scale was used, in addition to a counseling program based on mindfulness approach. This study used psychological well-being as a dependent variable and a descriptive-analytical approach was also used to analyze the data elicited from female students and women. It also relied on mindfulness approach as an independent variable, and also relied on the semi-experimental approach in revealing the impact of mindfulness on some variables for working women and students.

Results: The results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α=0.05) between the two means of the pre and post measurement of the level of psychological well-being according to the group in the post-test in favor of the experimental group, Also, the results of the following up exam comparisons among the members of the experimental group indicated that there were no statistically significant differences for the (T) test for the correlated samples of the psychological well-being Scale and its dimensions.

Conclusions: Depending on the results, it becomes clear that the counseling program were effective.
The Role of Family Environment in Social Networking Sites Addiction among University Students
Authors: Bani-Hamad Abeer O. , Jaradat Abdul-Kareem M.
Published: December 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the differences in family environment of students who are addicted to social networking sites, and those who are not. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the contribution of family environment to Social Networking Sites Addiction (SNSA) among Jordanian university students.

Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 629 undergraduate students. Data were collected online, using two scales for measuring family environment and SNSA. The study utilized the descriptive-predictive method by distributing a questionnaire to the study participants via google forms.

Results: Results revealed significant differences in the mean scores of students addicted to social networking sites, and those who were not on the subscales of the family environment scale, where students who were not addicted scored higher on the subscales of cohesion, expressiveness and organization, whereas addicted students scored higher on the conflict subscale. It was found that the dimensions of conflict, intellectual-cultural orientation and expressiveness of the family environment scale predicted SNSA in males; and the dimensions of conflict and expressiveness predicted SNSA in females.

Conclusions: The level of addiction to social networking sites among university students is determined according to the family environment in which they live. If the family environment is characterized by cohesion and gives children freedom of expression and encourages organization, then the children will not resort to social networking sites as a means to escape from the conditions in which they live; and on the contrary if the environment is dominated by ongoing conflicts between family members.
The Influence of Narrative Method through Employing Enrichment, Interactive, Multimedia Materials on the Enhancement of Reading Comprehension Skills in Arabic Language among Second Grade Students
Authors: Al-Saraj Rowaida Harbi Mohammad , Dyab Hamadneh Adeeb
Published: December 2022

Objectives:The current study is to investigate the effect the storytelling method by employing Arabic among students of the second garde using the quasi-experimental approach and interactive multimedia enrichment materials were formed in developing reading comprehension skills in language.

Methods: The study sample consisted of (62) students from jabal Prince Faisal Basic School. The sample was divided randomalu into two groups, one of which is experimental and included (31) male and female students and the other is a control and it had (31) male and female students.

The study was applied in the first semester of the academic year 2020/2021 and the study tool was prepared from it by examining the literal comprehension of the realable and in its final form of (10) paragraphs, and it was applied after verification of validity and consistency.

Results: The result of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the arithmetic averages and orbital deviations of the students, performance on the test of the literal comprehension of the post- reading in favor of the experimental group that studied using the method of storytelling by employing the media and light of these results.

Conclusions: The study recommended the necessity of employing multimedia And storytelling  to restore the Arabic language.
The Relative Contribution of Resilience and Social Support to Family Quality of Life of a Sample of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Qatar
Authors: Hassanein Elsayed Elshabrawi A. , Adawi Taha Rabie T. , Al-Attiyah Asma Abdullah , Elsayad Walid Atef Mansour
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The current research aims to explore the family quality of life, resilience and social support of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Qatar. Additionally, it aims to investigate the relationship between the family quality of life, resilience and social support, and the possibility of predicting the family quality of life through resilience and social support.

Methods: The current research utilizes the descriptive approach on  the research sample consisted of (220) mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Three tools were utilized in this research. They are Family quality of life scale, Brief Resilience scale, and 2-Way Social Support Scale.

Results: The results showed that the participants obtained a high level on most aspects of family quality of life and social support, while they obtained a medium level in resilience. The results of the current research also revealed a positive relationship between family quality of life and both resilience social and support, and the possibility of predicting family quality of life through social support.

Conclusions: The current study concluded that social support and resilience are of great importance in enhancing the quality of family life.
Academic Passion and its Relationship with Achievement Motivation among Students of Faculty of Educational Sciences at the Al al-Bayt University
Authors: Al-Adamat Omar Atallah , Bani Khaled Mohammed Soleiman
Published: December 2022

Objective: The present study aims to identify students’ levels of academic passion and achievement motivation considering the variables of gender, academic specialization and academic level in order to reveal the predictive power of academic passion in relation to achievement motivation. The study sample consisted of (350) male and female students chosen by availability.

Method: The study used the descriptive correlational method in the research, as two scales were used, academic passion scale, and achievement motivation through revealing the predictive ability of academic passion and motivation for achievement among students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Al-Bayt University.

Results:  The study's findings demonstrated that the study group had a high level of harmonious passion. Despite a moderate amount of compulsive passion, considerable levels of achievement motivation were present. There were statistically significant gender-based differences favoring females in the level of harmonious passion, no differences resulting from academic specialty, and statistically significant academic level differences favoring third- and fourth-year students. Regarding the level of compulsive passion, the results showed no statistically significant differences by gender but did show differences related to academic specialization favoring special education specialization and differences related to academic level favoring first-year students. Moreover, the study results showed that compulsive and harmonious passions collectively explained 52.3% of the achievement motivation variance. Within this figure, compulsive passion explained 50.3% of the variance, while harmonious passion explained 1.9%.

Conclusions: Based on the results, it is recommended to maintain the level of harmonious passion and achievement motivation among university students.
The Effectiveness of Using the Six Thinking Hats in Acquiring Physical Concepts among Tenth Graders Based on their Achievement Motivation
Authors: Tannous Intesar G. , AL-Dlalah Moham'd M.
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using the Six Thinking Hats Strategy in acquiring physical concepts for tenth grade students in the light of their achievement motivation compared to the traditional method.

Methods: quantitative descriptive Approach was employed.The study sample consisted of (55) female students, that were selected from one school within the Education Directorate in Madaba for the academic year 2020/2021. The sample was divided into two groups: experimental group (28) students which studied using the Six Thinking Hats strategy, and a controlled group (27) students which studied using the traditional method. Data were collected by classifying students according to their achievement motivation into high and low achievement motivation based on the achievement motivation scale. The researcher used the quasi-experimental approach. The test of acquiring physical concepts was applied after determining the validity and reliability of the study tool.

Results: The result showed that there were statistically significant differences (α=0.05) due to the method of teaching in acquiring physical concepts in favor of the experimental group. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences (α=0.05) attributed to achievement motivation in favor of female students with high achievement motivation, and there was no statistically significant difference in the interaction between them.

Conclusions: The need of universities to carry out further studies in order to enforce the result of the study.