bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Traditional and Tablet-Based Intervention for Children With Speech Sound Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jesus Luis M. T. , Martinez Joana , Santos Joaquim , Hall Andreia , Joffe Victoria
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This article reports on the effectiveness of a novel tablet-based approach to phonological intervention and compares it to a traditional tabletop approach, targeting children with phonologically based speech sound disorders (SSD).

Method

Twenty-two Portuguese children with phonologically based SSD were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 interventions, tabletop or tablet (11 children in each group), and received intervention based on the same activities, with the only difference being the delivery. All children were treated by the same speech-language pathologist over 2 blocks of 6 weekly sessions, for 12 sessions of intervention. Participants were assessed at 3 time points: baseline; pre-intervention, after a 3-month waiting period; and post-intervention. Outcome measures included percentage of consonants correct, percentage of vowels correct, and percentage of phonemes correct. A generalization of target sounds was also explored.

Results

Both tabletop and tablet-based interventions were effective in improving percentage of consonants correct and percentage of phonemes correct scores, with an intervention effect only evident for percentage of vowels correct in the tablet group. Change scores across both interventions were significantly greater after the intervention, compared to baseline, indicating that the change was due to the intervention. High levels of generalization (60% and above for the majority of participants) were obtained across both tabletop and tablet groups.

Conclusions

The software proved to be as effective as a traditional tabletop approach in treating children with phonologically based SSD. These findings provide new evidence regarding the use of digital materials in improving speech in children with SSD.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9989816
A probabilistic approach to direction-dependent ionospheric calibration
Authors: Albert J. G. , Oei M. S. S. L. , van Weeren R. J. , Intema H. T. , Röttgering H. J. A.
Published: October 2019

Calibrating for direction-dependent ionospheric distortions in visibility data is one of the main technical challenges that must be overcome to advance low-frequency radio astronomy. In this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic, tomographic approach that utilises Gaussian processes to calibrate direction-dependent ionospheric phase distortions in low-frequency interferometric data. We suggest that the ionospheric free electron density can be modelled to good approximation by a Gaussian process restricted to a thick single layer, and show that under this assumption the differential total electron content must also be a Gaussian process. We perform a comparison with a number of other widely successful Gaussian processes on simulated differential total electron contents over a wide range of experimental conditions, and find that, in all experimental conditions, our model is better able to represent observed data and generalise to unseen data. The mean equivalent source shift imposed by our predictive errors are half as large as those of the best competitor model. We find that it is possible to partially constrain the hyperparameters of the ionosphere from sparse-and-noisy observed data. Our model provides an alternative explanation for observed phase structure functions deviating from Kolmogorov’s five-thirds turbulence, turnover at high baselines, and diffractive scale anisotropy. We show that our model performs tomography of the free electron density both implicitly and cheaply. Moreover, we find that even a fast, low-resolution approximation of our model yields better results than the best alternative Gaussian process, implying that the geometric coupling between directions and antennae is a powerful prior that should not be ignored.
Response of(Vitis vinifera L.)cv. Fantasy Seedless to water deficit treatments: Phenolic compounds and physiological activities
Authors: Soltekin O. , Güler A. , Candemir A. , Altındişli A. , Unal and A.
Published: October 2019

This paper describes an investigation on the effects of deficit irrigation treatments on phenolic compounds and physiological activities of Fantasy Seedless table grape variety. Research was conducted in Viticultural Research Institute of Manisa, located in Aegean Region of Turkey, during two consecutive years (2016–2017). Three irrigation treatments were assayed; namely full irrigation (T-F), deficit irrigations (T-35 and T-65). In T-F, soil water deficit in the 90 cm within the one week intervals was completed to the field capacity. T-35 and T-65 treatments received 35% and 65% of water applied to T-F. Sub-surface drip irrigation system was used in the research and soil water content was measured by MobiCheck probe while vine water status was monitored through midday leaf water potential before the irrigations. Results showed that water deficit treatments (T-35 and T-65) affected berry composition particularly individual phenolics [Gallic acid, (+)(−) Catechine, (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate, (−)-Epicatechin gallate, Caftaric acid, Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, p-Coumeric acid, Ferulic acid, Sinapic acid, Trans-Resveratrol, Myricetin, Quercetin hydrate, Kaempferol, Oenin Chloride, Delphinidin Chloride, Cyanidin Chloride, Malvidin Chloride] differently. The highest Catechine content in the samples was obtained from T-65, T-35 and T-F treatments, respectively. Furthermore it was determined that DI treatments did not change the Myricetin and Quercetin hydrate contents in 2017. On the other hand minimum Ψmdvalue was observed from the T-35 treatment in both years. Last of all, our findings show a strong relationship between the amount of water and berry composition values especially individual phenolics which are benefical to health.
Vinos de Altura del Noroeste Argentino – Características físico- químicas y Sensoriales
Authors: Barroso R. , Carbajal H. , Ortiz H. , Malaniuk M. , Quenol H. , Murgo M. , Coria C. , Videla R. , Prieto S. , Manzano H. , Quini C. , Aruani C.
Published: October 2019

Se evaluaron 168 vinos experimentales, variedades Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, y Tannat, de las cosechas 2014, 2015, y 2016, correspondientes a 24 viñedos de altura de las provincias de Salta y Jujuy, ubicados a altitudes desde 1575 hasta 2756 m.s.n.m. Los vinos fueron supeditados a análisis físico-químicos y sensoriales. Los datos físico químicos fueron analizados a través de ANOVA y Regresión Lineal Simple. Las similitudes y diferencias estadísticas de los datos sensoriales fueron evaluados mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA), comparación múltiple de medias a través del test de Fisher (LSD), y análisis de componentes principales (PCA). Cada viñedo contó con un sensor de temperatura a través de los cuales se recopilaron datos a lo largo de todo el ciclo de la vid (años 2013 a 2015). Las temperaturas se utilizaron para la determinación de índices bioclimáticos de Winkler, Huglin e Índice de Noches Frescas. Los resultados indicarían una marcada influencia de las temperaturas y altitud en las variables del vino, principalmente las relacionadas al color y demás características sensoriales (P< 0.001,0.01 y 0.05), mostrando diferencias significativas entre los vinos de una misma variedad, provenientes de viñedos ubicados en distintas zonas vitícolas de características topográficas y de altitud diferentes.
Past and future of sustainable viticulture in Switzerland
Authors: Viret O. , Spring J.-L. , Zufferey V. , Gindro K. , Linder C. , Gaume A. , Murisier F.
Published: October 2019

Switzerland is a pioneer country in the development of integrated production (IP) and integrated pest management (IPM). The overall goal is sustainability at the ecological, economic and social level to produce high quality grapes. In 1993, the IP-IPM head-organisation VITISWISS was created. The starting points were the improvement of pest management by the biocontrol of spider mites and the control of grape berry moths by mating disruption and an optimal soil management, followed over the years by state-of-the-art sprayer calibration, development of disease forecasting models (AgroMeteo, VitiMeteo), leaf-area adapted dosage of plant protection products, enhanced biodiversity, water and cover crop management. The efforts and the results gained in a continuous education process by the growers are considerable, but not enough for consumers and politics concerned by the use of plant protection products. The absence of acaricides and insecticides as well as forecasting systems available on the internet (www.agrometeo.ch) for the control of downy and powdery mildew, represent the major progresses. Where mechanisation is possible, herbicides can progressively be replaced by mechanical technics, which is not possible in steep vineyards. The general irrational unscientific trend against “synthetic” plant protection products requests alternatives for the control of fungal diseases and for cover crop management under the vine rows to avoid excessive water-nitrogen competition particularly in the actual context of climate change.
Breeding of new disease-tolerant grape varieties – Viticulture in times of climatic change
Authors: Weinmann E. , Boos M. , Ehret P. , Flubacher L. , Schneider C. , Veith L.
Published: October 2019

The State Institute of Viticulture and Oenology (WBI) Freiburg Germany has been breeding disease-tolerant grape varieties (Piwis) since the 1930s. Since that time, 15 fungus-resistant white and red wine varieties and 4 table grape varieties have been cultivated. All these grape varieties are approved as Vitis vinifera. Until now, fungus resistance has been the focus of breeding work. Due to climate changings, it will be necessary in future to delay budding and ripening of grapevines. This would protect the vines from late frosts in spring and delay the ripening of the berries in autumn. In addition, the loosening of the grape structure and dry resistance will be future breeding goals. To improve the resistance and a later ripeness of the berries, new grape varieties which are currently being tested have been developed in cooperation with the INRA in Colmar (France).
Ecoconception des caves : réduction de la consommation d'énergie et intégration paysagère du traitement des eﬀuents de cave avec le dispositif de lit planté de roseaux sur support de zéolithe Zeofito®
Authors: Rochard J. , Marengo E. , Marengo D. , Mangiacotti J.-L. , Joubert A.
Published: October 2019

Le traitement aérobie des eﬀuents vinicoles est majoritairement utilisé dans les caves. Au-delà des impératifs de performance d'épuration, avec les orientations de développement durable, le traitement doit intégrer plusieurs orientations : faible consommation d'énergie, limitation des boues, valorisation paysagère et de la biodiversité, limitation des nuisances olfactives et sonores, et éventuellement la réutilisation des eﬀuents traités pour l'irrigation. Les dispositifs classiques de phyto-épuration sur lit de sable, qui permettent de traiter des eﬀuents avec une DCO généralement inférieure à 2 g/l, imposent le plus souvent un bassin de stockage aéré conséquent, consommateur d'énergie, source éventuelle de nuisance olfactive, visuelle et sonore. Le procédé Zeofito®, qui équipe maintenant une centaine de caves dans différentes régions italiennes, accentue grâce au support de zéolithe, les mécanismes d'adsorption et de biodégradation. Ainsi, il est possible de réaliser un traitement direct ou éventuellement avec un petit bassin de stockage d'égalisation/aération, correspondant à quelques jours de rejet. La réutilisation de l'eau pour le dispositif de refroidissement de la cave ou l'irrigation des vignes est facilitée comparativement aux dispositifs classiques. Parallèlement au principe et aux performances, l'objectif de la communication est de présenter des installations représentatives de la diversité des caves.
Multivariate spectroscopy for targeting phenolic choreography in wine with A-TEEMTM and NMR crosscheck non-targeted metabolomics
Authors: Herbert-Pucheta J.E. , Padilla-Maya G. , Milmo-Brittinham D. , Lojero D. , Gilmore A.M. , Raventós-Llopart L. , Hernández-Pulido K.E. , Zepeda-Vallejo L.G.
Published: October 2019

Present work comprises the use of different multivariate spectroscopic methods for tracking novel metabolomics signatures related to red wine chemistry. It is presented for the first time the proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics fingerprint of a monovarietal Mexican Merlot, obtained with acquisition improvements recently proposed to the OIV Methods of Analysis sub-commission. Effective multi-presaturation solvent schemes have revealed a rich (poly)-phenolics aromatic region, so far not exploited for wine-fingerprinting or – targeted profiling routines. It is presented as well for the first time the use of simultaneous absorbance-transmission and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix “push-one-bottom” method (A-TEEMTM) at specific chemical conditions for a rapid, effective and high-sensitivity characterization of phenolic choreography in wines, as novel observables to quantify oenological practices and aging.
Chemical and sensory characteristics of Gaglioppo wines obtained from grapes grown under two different water regimes
Authors: Bosso A. , Guaita M. , Panero L. , Motta S. , Petrozziello M. , Tsolakis C. , Sansone L.
Published: October 2019

Climate change can affect the crops production capacity and modify the water requirements in the different regions of the world. In particular, in southern Europe and in the Mediterranean region the vegetative cycle of plants will take place in a warmer and drier period, with the consequent increase in vegetative activity, transpiration rate, and water consumption. In the case of vine, the rationalization of water resource needs a deep knowledge of the complex relationships between climate, soil, water availability and grape variety, in order to preserve the high quality regional wine productions. In the Cirò DOC area (Calabria), the effect of irrigation, prolonged until maturity, on the polyphenolic content of the grapes was studied with the Gaglioppo red grapes variety, in order to verify whether a moderate post-veraison water supply could favour the completion of phenolic maturation. Two different water regimes were compared in the vineyard, and the physicochemical composition, the polyphenolic and aromatic profiles and the sensory characteristics of the resulting wines were studied. The study confirmed that the climatic variability of the different vintages can influence both the vegetative-productive activity of vines and the effect of water supplies.
Influence of enzymatic treatments on white wine composition
Authors: Scutaraşu E.C. , Cotea V.V. , Luchian C.E. , Colibaba L.C. , Katalin N. , Oprean R. , Niculaua M.
Published: October 2019

Most biochemical reactions involved in the wine-making process are catalyzed by enzymes. The use of enzymes of exogenous origin in wine production is due to the numerous technological and economical advantages demonstrated over time in the winemaking process. Understanding the important role played by enzymes in wine making technology contributes to the development of optimization strategies for the production process to improve the final quality of the wine. In order to accomplish this study, the influence of five oenological preparations with pectolytic and β-glucosidases enzymes types on the volatile compounds of white wines obtained from Fetească regală variety was analyzed by monitoring their evolution during the alcoholic fermentation to the final product. Wine samples have been physically and chemically analysed (pH, acidity, alcoholic strength, density, malic acid, lactic acid, sugar content, SO2, total dry extract and non-reducing extract) according to OIV Standards. Separation and identification of flavor compounds was performed using an Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph coupled to a 5975 C inert XL EI/CI MSD spectrophotometer. The organoleptic evaluation of wines was made according to a wide range of sensory descriptors. An important evolution of volatile compounds during fermentation was observed, depending on the type of enzyme administered, compared to the control sample. Enzymatic treatments did not significantly affect the physico-chemical composition of the wines obtained. The chromatic parameters of the wine samples varied according to the type of enzyme applied. The results of the study showed a significant influence of the enzymes on the organoleptic characteristics of the wines. Therefore, the aromatic quality of a wine is directly proportional to the chemical composition of the grapes and to the technology.
Use of Ultra High Pressure Homogenization to sterilize grape must
Authors: Morata A. , Loira I. , Bañuelos M.A. , Puig-Pujol A. , Guamis B. , González C. , Suárez-Lepe J.A.
Published: October 2019

Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization Sterilization (UHPHS) allows the sterilization of fluid foods at low temperatures or even in refrigeration. UHPHS is a continuous technique that allows to process 10,000 L/h with a single pump working at 300 MPa with an imbalance of 1 MPa (Ypsicon EP2409583). During the process, fluid temperature increases less than 5 ∘C. The technique is sensory gentle not affecting molecules formed by covalent bonds so aroma and pigments are unaltered. During the process of white musts, the complete elimination of yeasts, bacteria and spores can be achieved and the must may remain unfermented for several months-years if stored in amicrobic conditions. The technique is also effective in the destruction of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes. Final size particle is 100–300 nm allowing to increase the availability of yeast assimilable nitrogen and opens the opportunity to nano-encapsulate flavours. Destruction of PPOs and elimination of microorganisms help to reduce sulphites in wines. UHPHS facilitates the use of new biotechnologies such as the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and yeast-bacteria co-inoculations by enabling a better implantation of the starters in absence of competition with wild grape microorganisms.
On the effects of storytelling on wine price
Authors: Antonio S. , Basiricò R. , Seccia and A.
Published: October 2019

Thanks to the new developments of internet technology and social media, communication is giving consumer newfound awareness. Additionally, thanks to the technological development, the modern consumer is getting always more informed and interactive, both with other consumers and brands. He requires traditional products to be experience-based, with strong links to local culture and tradition. Storytelling based marketing is having strong impact on brand loyalty and emotional connections of consumers to wine. The study presents a review of the literature on food&wine storytelling and social media use, and draws hypotheses to the study of the wine marketing for the future.
Tapping into the emotions of the wine consumer through storytelling: A case study
Authors: Woldarsky V.
Published: October 2019

Stories are powerful and they have taken on a new dimension in the marketing world. Using storytelling or narrative as a communication technique can be an effective tool for persuasion, as well as way to connect with the consumer on shared values. But a simple narrative is not enough. It is in the evocation of emotions that the storytelling carries its power. The research presented in this paper shows that emotions are powerful: as a way to build trust, create closeness, hold attention and transport the reader/listener to another world – all of which can result in certain behavioral responses. This paper focuses on understanding storytelling in tourism context, specifically in wine tourism. Wine tourism provides the producer the chance to tell their story and build a special relationship. The winery experience opens up greater possibilities to stimulate good feelings for the visitor. Coupled with a compelling narrative that takes the wine tourist on a physical and emotional journey, the ability to sell the brand becomes possible. The case study presented in this paper is Quinta do Vallado, in the Douro Valley, Portugal. It will show how the script that was used to communicate with the visitor was transformed into a compelling narrative.
Total content of phenols and antioxidant activity of grape skins and seeds cabernet sauvignon cultivated in Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, México
Authors: Castro-López L. , Castillo-Sánchez G. , Díaz-Rubio L. , Córdova-Guerrero I.
Published: October 2019

The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of grape cultivars Cabernet sauvignon is important because it varies according to the production area. In this work, it was evaluated the content of phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant capacity (CAT) of grape skins and grape seed Cabernet sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) in three vineyards located in the Valley of Guadalupe, B.C, México. The content of total phenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the CAT of grape skin and seed extracts by the stabilization methods of the (ABTS•+) and DPPH• radicals. The CAT in the seed extracts was increased (P < 0.05) in the following order: vineyard 2 < vineyard 1 < vineyard 3. The highest contents of gallic acid, resveratrol and rutin were found in the extracts that presented the highest CAT, which corresponded to the cultivars of vineyard 3. The same happened in extract of skins, having vineyard 3 the contents of CAT (ABTS•+) higher. The total phenolic seed compound was presented in vineyard 2 with 1,545, followed by vineyard 1 with 1,523, vineyard 3 with 1,146 expressed as g GAE.100 g of sample. In skin, the behavior was as follows; vineyard 3 <vineyard 2 <vineyard 1. 1,062, 1,086, 1,115 expressed as g GAE.100 g sample respectively.Keywords: antioxidant, phenolics, ABTS, gallic acid.
From scientific evidence to media and policy: Wine – part of a balanced diet or a health risk?
Authors: Fradera U. , Stein-Hammer C.
Published: October 2019

Recently, some studies [1, 2] and media reports alerted scientists, health and wine professionals alike. The health benefits of moderate wine consumption were questioned with headlines such as “One drink a day can shorten life” and “Moderate drinking guidelines are too loose, study says”. One publication [2] asserted that there is no safe level of consumption and that the adverse health effects associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages, including wine, outweigh any beneficial effects; this kind of media attention not only contributed to a considerable uncertainty among moderate wine drinkers but also among physicians advising their patients. What about the existing body of evidence and the research results during the last two and half decades that have established the J-curve? It describes the association between the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the total mortality where light to moderate drinkers are at a lower risk of death from all causes than either abstainers or heavy drinkers. However, excessive drinking is always associated with an increased risk of death and various health risks. Are these previous scientific data no longer valid? Is cutting down or even eliminating wine consumption a public health goal? A detailed scientific analysis of these publications will be provided and discussed whether the drinking guidelines worldwide should be adjusted. The risk of moderate wine drinkers within the scope of other risk factors will be examined.
Maxillary sinus recovery after LeFort I osteotomy: a prospective clinical and radiographic evaluation
Authors: Kaleem Ajmal , Balamurugan Rajendran
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to obtain insight into the perioperative condition of the maxillary sinus in the LeFort I osteotomy by evaluating clinically and radiographically. Materials and methods: 25 patients who required conventional LeFort I procedures for orthognathic correction were included in the study. Damage to the maxillary sinus during the procedure and its recovery were prospectively analysed using validated questionnaires for sino-nasal complaints using RSOM-31 (RSOM − rhinosinusitis outcome measure), VAS score (VAS − visual analogue scale) and CT scan to compare and analyse changes in maxillary sinus prior to surgery and postoperatively 2 months after the surgery. The scores obtained from RSOM-31 questionnaire was analysed using Chi-square test, VAS questionnaire was interpreted using Wilcoxon sign rank test and CT scan findings were analysed using Fischer's exact test. Results: Mucosal thickening assessed using CT scan was the only consistent finding that was evident for all the patients who underwent LeFort I osteotomy which showed a statistically significant results of P < 0.05, whereas clinical correlation showed insignificant results of P > 0.05. Conclusion: In our attempt on extensive patient analysis we found that mucosal thickening was the prime alteration that was observed radiographically and no clinical changes were evident.
Microsystèmes intégrés en niobate de lithium
Authors: Courjal Nadège , Behague Florent , Pêcheur Vincent , Chauvet Mathieu , Bernal Maria-Pilar , Hauden Jérôme
Published: October 2019

Le niobate de lithium (LiNbO3) suscite un vif intérêt en photonique depuis des décennies en raison de ses fortes propriétés électro-optiques et non-linéaires. L’opportunité récente de l’usiner en couches minces a élargi le spectre des applications déjà nombreuses du matériau. Les enjeux actuels concernent la miniaturisation des composants tout en préservant de faibles pertes optiques.
Comprendre les structures guidantes
Authors: Boudrioua Azzedine
Published: October 2019

L’optique ou ce qu’il convient d’appeler la photonique vit une période de transition majeure. De nouveaux concepts et de nouvelles structures ont permis récemment des approches originales pour manipuler la lumière à des échelles plus petites que sa longueur d’onde caractéristique, suscitant des espoirs réels de voir ces technologies photoniques sur le devant de la scène dans les décennies à venir.
Efficacy of endoscopic treatments for acute esophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Onofrio Fernanda de Quadros , Pereira-Lima Julio Carlos , Valença Felipe Marquezi , Azeredo-da-Silva André Luis Ferreira , Tetelbom Stein Airton
Published: October 2019

Background and aim Guidelines recommend use of ligation and vasoactive drugs as first-line therapy and as grade A evidence for acute variceal bleeding (AVB), although Western studies about this issue are lacking.

Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatments for AVB in patients with cirrhosis. Trials that included patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, use of portocaval shunts or esophageal resection, balloon tamponade as first bleeding control measure, or that received placebo or elective treatment in one study arm were excluded.

Results A total of 8382 publications were searched, of which 36 RCTs with 3593 patients were included. Ligation was associated with a significant improvement in bleeding control (relative risk [RR] 1.08; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.02 – 1.15) when compared to sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy combined with vasoactive drugs showed higher efficacy in active bleeding control compared to sclerotherapy alone (RR 1.17; 95 % CI 1.10 – 1.25). The combination of ligation and vasoactive drugs was not superior to ligation alone in terms of overall rebleeding (RR 2.21; 95 %CI 0.55 – 8.92) and in-hospital mortality (RR 1.97; 95 %CI 0.78 – 4.97). Other treatments did not generate meta-analysis.

Conclusions This study showed that ligation is superior to sclerotherapy, although with moderate heterogeneity. The combination of sclerotherapy and vasoactive drugs was more effective than sclerotherapy alone. Although current guidelines recommend combined use of ligation with vasoactive drugs in treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding, this study failed to demonstrate the superiority of this combined treatment.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage, transpapillary drainage, or percutaneous drainage in high risk acute cholecystitis patients: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis
Authors: Mohan Babu P. , Khan Shahab R. , Trakroo Sushruth , Ponnada Suresh , Jayaraj Mahendran , Asokkumar Ravishankar , Adler Douglas G.
Published: October 2019

Background Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUSGBD) are alternatives to percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PCGBD) for patients with acute cholecystitis who are unfit for surgery. Data comparing these modalities are limited and have reported conflicting results.

Methods We searched multiple databases from inception to May 2019 to identify studies that reported on ETGBD, EUSGBD, and PCGBD in the management of acute cholecystitis in patients with a high surgical risk. Aims were to compare the pooled rates of technical success, clinical success, adverse events, and disease recurrence.

Results 1223 patients (22 studies), 557 patients (14 studies), and 13 351 patients (46 studies) were treated by ETGBD, EUSGBD, and PCGBD, respectively. The pooled technical and clinical successes were: ETGBD 83 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 80.1 – 85.5, I
2 = 29) and 88.1 % (95 %CI 83.6 – 91.4, I
2 = 50), respectively; EUSGBD 95.3 % (95 %CI 92.8 – 96.9, I
2 = 0) and 96.7 % (95 %CI 94.0 – 98.2, I
2 = 0), respectively; and PCGBD 98.7 % (95 %CI 98.0 – 99.1, I
2 = 0) and 89.3 % (95 %CI 86.6 – 91.5, I
2 = 84), respectively. Clinical success with EUSGBD was significantly superior to the other approaches. All complications were comparable between the groups. Pancreatitis occurred with ETGBD in 5.1 % (95 %CI 3.5 – 7.3), whereas bleeding and perforation occurred with EUSGBD in 4.3 % (95 %CI 2.7 – 6.8) and 3.7 % (95 %CI 2.3 – 6.0), respectively. Stent migration occurred with PCGBD in 7.4 % (95 %CI 5.5 – 10.0).

Conclusion EUSGBD demonstrated better clinical success than ETGBD and PCGBD in the management of acute cholecystitis patients at high surgical risk.
Synthesis of Acetamides from Aryl Amines and Acetonitrile by Diazotization under Metal-Free Conditions
Authors: Zeng Yao-Fu , Li Yi-Na , Zhang Na-Na , Kang Huan , Duan Pan , Xiao Fang , Guo Yu , Wen Xianghao
Published: October 2019

An efficient and metal-free coupling reaction has been developed that affords acetamides from the corresponding aryl amines and acetonitrile. This method tolerates a wide range of functional groups and is selective toward aryl amines. Preliminary mechanistic studies were conducted.
Postoperative Upper Extremity Function in Implant and Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Alba Brandon , Schultz Benjamin , Qin Lei Alexander , Cohen Danielle , DelMauro Matthew , Ahn Soyouen , Kasabian Armen K. , Perry Adam D. , Tanna Neil
Published: October 2019

Background After mastectomy and breast reconstruction, many patients experience upper extremity complications, such as pain, restriction in motion, and lymphedema. Despite an aesthetically satisfactory outcome, these occurrences can diminish a patient's postoperative quality of life. Several studies have investigated the causes and incidence of these complications. However, there is currently a paucity of data comparing postoperative upper extremity function according to reconstruction technique.

Methods A review was performed of patients enrolled in a physical therapy (PT) program after mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. PT initial encounter evaluations were used to gather data on patients' postoperative upper extremity function. Hospital records were used to gather surgical and demographic data. For each patient, data were collected for each upper extremity that was ipsilateral to a reconstructed breast. Data were then compared between patients who underwent implant-based versus autologous deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction.

Results A total of 72 patients were identified, including 39 autologous and 33 implant-based reconstruction cases. Proportions of patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsies and axillary lymph node dissections were similar between the two groups. The autologous-based reconstruction patients had significantly higher arm pain at rest (p = 0.004) and with activity (p = 0.031) compared with implant patients. Shoulder range of motion and manual muscle test results were similar between groups, with the exception of elbow flexion, which was weaker in implant patients (p = 0.030). Implant patients were also more likely to report “severe difficulty” or “inability” to perform activities of daily living (p = 0.022). Edema/swelling, axillary cording, and lymphedema girth measurements were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion Different techniques of breast reconstruction can result in different postoperative upper extremity complications. These data show specific areas where postoperative care and PT can be customized according to reconstruction type. Investigation is currently underway to determine the effect of PT on upper extremity function in these patients.
Single-Stage Transpedicular Approach for Circumferential Arthrodesis in Traumatic Lumbar Vertebral Body Burst Fractures
Authors: Garg Mayank , Kumar Amandeep , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Agrawal Deepak , Satyarthee Guru Dutt , Gupta Deepak , Gurjar Hitesh Kumar , Mishra Shashwat , Chandra Poodipedi S. , Kale Shashank S.
Published: October 2019

Background Traumatic vertebral burst fractures can be surgically approached via different approaches (anterior/posterior, or combined). Posterior transpedicular approach (PTA) is a posterior approach that has the advantage of achieving circumferential arthrodesis via single posterior-only approach. The purpose of this study was to analyze our experience with PTA in management of traumatic lumbar burst fractures (TLBFs).

Methods All consecutive patients with TLBFs managed with PTA over 3 years’ duration were included in this retrospective study. Correction of kyphotic deformity and change in neurologic status were analyzed to assess outcome. Cobb’s angle and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade were used for this purpose.

Results There were 12 males and 8 females. Five patients had complete (ASIA-A) while 12 had incomplete injury. The mean preoperative Cobb’s angle was 14.23 degrees that improved to–3.21 degrees postoperatively (mean kyphosis correction: 17.44 degrees). None of the patients developed iatrogenic nerve root injury. There was no perioperative mortality. The mean Cobb’s angle was 1.45 degrees at 36 months’ follow-up. Four patients developed cage subsidence but none required revision surgery. Postoperatively, 13 (65%) patients showed neurologic improvement and none deteriorated. The average ASIA score improved from 2.82 to 4.23. A fusion rate of 96% was observed at last follow-up.

Conclusion The advantages of PTA including sense of familiarity with posterior approach among spine surgeons, lesser approach-related morbidity, and results comparable to anterior/combined approaches, make the PTA an attractive option for managing TLBFs. Although technically difficult, it can be successfully used for circumferential arthrodesis in the lumbar region without sacrificing nerve roots.
Craniovertebral Junction Arachnoiditis: An Unusual Sequelae to Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Pruthi Nupur , Vora Tarang Kamalkishore , Shukla Dhaval P.
Published: October 2019

Adhesive arachnoiditis at the craniovertebral junction should be suspected in patients with a history of meningitis having delayed onset gradually progressive tetra paresis. Patients can present after an asymptomatic interval of 2 to 20 years. Cardiac gated cine magnetic resonance imaging is useful for its diagnosis. Posterior fossa decompression with upper cervical laminectomy and adhesiolysis appears to be a reasonable treatment for the same. We illustrate two patients who presented to us with gradually progressive spastic tetra paresis; both had prior history of cured tuberculous meningitis.
Predictive Risk Factors for Early Seizures in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Parmontree Porntip , Tunthanathip Thara , Doungngern Thitima , Rojpitbulstit Malee , Kulviwat Wattanachai , Ratanalert Sanguansin
Published: October 2019

Background Early posttraumatic seizure (PTS) is a significant cause of unfavorable outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study was aimed to investigate the incidence and determine a predictive model for early PTS.

Materials and Methods A prospective cohort study of 484 TBI patients was conducted. All patients were evaluated for seizure activities within 7 days after the injury. Risk factors for early PTS were identified using univariate analysis. The candidate risk factors with p < 0.1 were selected into multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of early PTS. The fitting model and the power of discrimination with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve were demonstrated. The nomogram for prediction of early PTS was developed for individuals.

Results There were 27 patients (5.6%) with early PTS in this study. The final model illustrated chronic alcohol use (odds ratio [OR]: 4.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–10.07), epidural hematoma (OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 1.70–9.33), and Glasgow Coma Scale score 3–8 (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 1.53–9.35) as predictors of early PTS. The AUROC curve was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.66–0.87).

Conclusions The significant predictors for early PTS were chronic alcohol use, epidural hematoma, and severe TBI. Our nomogram was considered as a reliable source for prediction.
Anthropometric Measures of the Posterior Condyles: Gender Differences and Correlation to Implant Sizing
Authors: Ehmke Thomas , Aghazadeh Mehran , Bono Olivia J. , Robbins Claire , Bono James V.
Published: October 2019

There is abundant data concerning morphological dimensions of the distal femur, particularly in women, which has led to redesign of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Clinical experience reveals existing asymmetry of the femoral posterior condyles, yet current implant designs have a symmetrical femoral component. The objectives of this study were to analyze the dimensions of posterior condylar bone resection from a group of patients undergoing TKA and correlate the measurements to one prosthetic system. We retrospectively reviewed single surgeon morphological data from the posterior condyles of 105 knees during TKA. The study included 54 males and 51 females. Measurement of the posterior condylar bones was performed with a standard metric metal ruler by one investigator. Known dimensions of a single type of implant design were compared with the resection data. The average difference of posterior medial and lateral condylar width was 5.7 and 5.3 mm in males and females, respectively. The average host posterolateral condylar bone was 5.4 mm less than the trial implant across five sizes in both males and females. Results suggest that the dimension of the posterior lateral condyle is much smaller than the dimension of the implant in both groups of patients. Dimension of the posterior medial is close to dimension of the implant. Overhang of the component posterolaterally can create soft tissue irritation and result in postoperative pain and decreased range of motion. Our results increase awareness of the dimensions of the native posterolateral condyle and may influence future design of femoral implants used in total knee arthroplasty.
A “crab-like” 12-cavity relativistic magnetron with diffraction output driven by a transparent cathode
Authors: Liu M. , Yang Q. , Schamiloglu E. , Feng J. , Teng Y. , Fuks M. I. , Jiang W. , Wu R. , Liu C. , Zhang P.
Published: October 2019

We present computer simulations of a “crablike” 12 resonator cavity relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) designed by doubling the number of cavities from our earlier 6 resonator cavity crablike MDO. This work aims to design a compact high-power narrowband microwave source with frequency switching capabilities. UNIPIC particle-in-cell computer simulations show that the crablike 12-cavity MDO with a transparent cathode radiates the TE11 mode with output power 1 GW and electronic efficiency as high as 41% when powered using a 400 kV voltage pulse and 0.41 T magnetic field. Computer simulations also demonstrate that the crablike 12-cavity MDO can radiate different modes, such as the TE21 mode, the TE31 mode, the TE41 mode, and the TE51 mode. The TE21 mode, in particular, can be radiated at three different frequencies, as low as 2.12 GHz, a median operating frequency of 2.4 GHz, and a higher operating frequency of 2.91 GHz, when different magnetic fields are used.
Creation of resonance photoplasma by concentrated solar/gas lamp irradiation. Self-consistent modeling
Authors: Astashkevich Sergey A. , Kudryavtsev Anatoly A.
Published: October 2019

The subject of the present research is a quantitative study of opportunity to obtain a photoplasma in a low pressure mixture of alkali metal vapor and noble gas by concentrated solar (or gas lamp) irradiation. The ground, resonance and high-excitation levels, and atomic and molecular ions of an alkali metal were considered. The proposed self-consistent model along with plasma-chemical reactions and radiation transfer accounted for charge transport processes and ambipolar diffusion, unlike previous studies (LIBORS project and others). Spatial uniformity of resonance excitation rate in the all plasma volume was assumed. An iterative method to determine the main parameters of photoplasma was proposed and tested on the example of a mixture of Na vapor and Ar gas for pressures pNa = 0.02 and pAr = 1 Torr in a cylindrical cell of radius R = 0.005 m and length L = 0.01 m in the range of resonance radiation flux density Fλ0 = 4×(1–103) Wm−2 nm–1 inside the gas cell. The minimal value of resonance excitation rate, which is necessary to create a plasma in the considered gas cell, was evaluated as 1.1 × 1022 m−3 s−1. According to our rough estimation, to provide this rate, the minimal value of Fλ0 of an external source should be 40 Wm–2 nm–1. This can be implemented by the concentration coefficient of solar irradiation about 30. The model and obtained results can be used for the calculation of plasma parameters in different mixtures of an alkali metal vapor and a noble gas induced by a nonlaser irradiation source (concentrated solar or gas lamp irradiation) and designing of photovoltaic converters on their base.
Effect of a bound anion on the structure and dynamics of halorhodopsin from Natronomonas pharaonis
Authors: Mizuno Misao , Shimoo Yumi , Kandori Hideki , Mizutani Yasuhisa
Published: October 2019

Active ion transport across membranes is vital to maintaining the electrochemical gradients of ions in cells and is mediated by transmembrane proteins. Halorhodopsin (HR) functions as a light-driven inward pump for chloride ions. The protein contains all-trans-retinal bound to a specific lysine residue through a protonated Schiff base. Interaction between the bound chloride ion and the protonated Schiff base is crucial for ion transport because chloride ion movement is driven by the flipping of the protonated Schiff base upon photoisomerization. However, it remains unknown how this interaction evolves in the HR photocycle. Here, we addressed the effect of the bound anion on the structure and dynamics of HR from Natronomonas pharaonis in the early stage of the photocycle. Comparison of the chloride-bound, formate-bound, and anion-depleted forms provided insights into the interaction between the bound anion and the chromophore/protein moiety. In the unphotolyzed state, the bound anion affects the π-conjugation of the polyene chain and the hydrogen bond of the protonated Schiff base of the retinal chromophore. Picosecond time scale measurements showed that the band intensities of the W16 and W18 modes of the tryptophan residues decreased instantaneously upon photoexcitation of the formate-bound form. In contrast, these intensity decreases were delayed for the chloride-bound and anion-depleted forms. These observations suggest the stronger interactions of the bound formate ion with the retinal chromophore and the chromophore pocket. On the nanosecond to microsecond timescales, we found that the interaction between the protonated Schiff base and the bound ion is broken upon formation of the K intermediate and is recovered following translocation of the bound anion toward the protonated Schiff base in the L intermediate. Our results demonstrate that the hydrogen-bonding ability of the bound anion plays an essential role in the ion transport of light-driven anion pumps.
Quantum graph model for rovibrational states of protonated methane
Authors: Rawlinson J. I.
Published: October 2019

We calculate the rovibrational states of the protonated methane molecular ion CH5+ for angular momenta up to J = 4. Our novel approach is based on a quantum graph description of the low-energy nuclear dynamics. Previous work on the quantum graph model neglected rotational degrees of freedom and so only described purely vibrational excitations. We extend this work significantly to give the first example of a full rovibrational quantum graph model. We compare our results to 7D variational calculations, finding good agreement for J ≤ 3. To the best of our knowledge, the J = 4 results are the first of their kind.
Prey amino acid composition affects rates of protein synthesis and N wastage of a freshwater carnivore
Authors: Dwyer Georgia K. , Stoffels Rick J. , Silvester Ewen , Rees Gavin N.
Published: October 2019

Humans modify prey communities and hence alter the availability of nutrients to wild carnivores. Such changes in amino acid ‘landscapes’ are likely to affect the growth of individuals, and potentially the success of populations. This study aimed to determine whether amino acid composition of animal prey alone affects protein synthesis efficiency and N wastage of a freshwater carnivore. River blackfish (Gadopsis marmoratus) were fed two diets differing only in amino acid composition: the first diet was formulated to match the composition of the fish themselves, representing a balanced ‘ideal protein’, whereas the second diet was produced to match the composition of a prey item, namely the shrimp Macrobrachium australiense. By measuring the postprandial increase in metabolic rate (specific dynamic action) and ammonia excretion, it was found that the amino acid composition of the fish diet was associated with an increase in protein synthesis, whereas the shrimp diet doubled the amount of dietary amino acids directed to pathways of catabolic energy production and N wastage. This study adds to the stoichiometric ecology literature by showing that changes in the amino acid composition of food webs could affect carnivore growth and nutrient cycling.
Comparison of high-throughput sequencing analysis of gut contents between silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes
Authors: Su Chaoqun , Hu Wenjing , Hu Zhongjun , Zhang Zhen , Wedchaparn Oranich , Zhao Liangjie , Liu Qigen
Published: October 2019

High-throughput sequencing analysis of gut contents was used to study the feeding habits of two filter-feeding fish, namely silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, in mesotrophic Lake Qiandao and eutrophic Lake Taihu. Silver carp feed primarily on phytoplankton, with a feeding preference for Chlorophyta, in Lake Qiandao and rely on phytoplankton in Lake Taihu. Bighead carp feed more on zooplankton in Lake Qiandao and on phytoplankton in Lake Taihu. With increasing levels of algae, bighead carp feed more on phytoplankton. The dietary shifts suggest that bighead carp would be useful in controlling nuisance algae in lakes.