bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Factors Among Diarrheal Outpatients in South Gondar Zone, Northwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Yemata Getaneh , Azanaw Melkalem , Bilal Lemma , Mekonnen Birku
Published: November 2020

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are major public health problems in several tropical and subtropical developing countries with poor socio-economic status including Ethiopia. Diarrheal patients are a major part of the population with a high risk of intestinal parasitosis. There is a scarcity of studies on intestinal parasite infection among diarrheal patients in South Gondar. As a result, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasite infection among diarrheal patients in this area. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March to May 2019 with a structured questionnaire data collection technique. A total sample of 240 diarrheal patients included in the study and a simple random sampling technique was used. The stool sample from each study subject was collected and analyzed by direct wet mount techniques. Data were entered in Epi Data Version 4.6.0.0 and exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the association of factors with the outcome variable. Factors that have an association with the outcome variable at p-value 0.25 was taken into the multivariable logistic regression analysis to control the potential confounders. The result of the final model will be expressed in terms of adjusted Odd Ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and statistical significance will be declared if the P-value is less than 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among 240 diarrheal patients was 45.4%. The majorities of the positive cases were single infections (85.2%) while the remains were double infections (14.8%). Among the intestinal parasitic infections Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (E. histolytica/dispar) was the highest 60 (55.5%), and followed by Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) 26 (24.1%), Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) 4(3.7%), hookworm4(3.7%) and Enterobius vermicularis 4(3.7%). The presence of intestinal parasitic infections had significantly associated with marital status (AOR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18,0.91).),shoe-wearing habit (AOR:2.81; 95% CI:1.07,7.37) and fingernail cleanliness (AOR:5.12; 95% CI: 2.35,11.12). Conclusion: Intestinal parasitic infections were a highly prevalent health problem among populations in Lay Gaynte woreda. Poor hygiene of fingernails and no shoes wearing a habit were risk factors for intestinal parasites infection among diarrheal patients.
Identification of Hub Genes, Modules and Metabolic Pathways Associated With Lung Adenocarcinoma: A System Biology Approach
Authors: Roudi Raheleh , Beikzadeh Behnaz , Roviello Giandomenico , D'angelo Alberto , Hadizadeh Morteza
Published: November 2020

Lung cancer is the most common and fatal malignant tumour worldwide with a five‐year overall survival rate of only 15%. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a heterogeneous disease. The use of microarray datasets along with bioinformatics knowledge might help to clarify the expression profile of cancer, molecular markers for the initial screening of tumour and the underlying biological mechanisms. The present study is designed to identify differential expression genes and molecular mechanisms of LUAD compared to normal lung tissues using systems biology approaches.Methods Four GSE datasets (GSE75037, GSE63459, GSE32863 and GSE10072) were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Data processing and meta-analysis were performed using the R statistical programming language, The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with each stage were obtained. The common and unique DEGs between stages of LUAD and adjacent normal lung tissues were initiated by Venny tool. Common genes, including upregulated and downregulated genes, were then analyzed to a STRING database to obtain protein-protein interaction (PPI). STRING output was analyzed by MCODE and CytoHubba applications of Cytoscape to identify modules of co-expression and hub genes, respectively.Results The shared upregulated and downregulated DEGs among LUAD stages were 22 and 140 genes, respectively, when compared to normal lung tissues. Unique genes for each stage were also identified. The hub genes were PECAM1, TEK, CDH5, VWF and ANGPT1. Most of the top cluster genes were enriched for Gα(s) signalling events, GPCR ligand binding, class B/2 (Secretin family receptors), platelet activation, signalling and aggregation in the main three co-expression clusters. Most of the shared genes (16 genes) were enriched in the metabolic pathway of hemostasis. Meaningful signaling pathways for unique genes were found at each stage.Conclusions In the present study main three co-expression clusters, metabolic pathways and biological processes were identified to understand mechanisms underlying LUAD pathogenesis, development and progression at different stages. Unique upregulated and downregulated DEGs at each stage were identified with FERMT1 and SIX1 as specific early-stage diagnostic biomarkers for stage IB and IIB. 5 hub genes were observed, including PECAM1, TEK, CDH5, vWF and ANGPT1 which might be crucial for the onset and progression of LUAD.
PrimeDesign software for rapid and simplified design of prime editing guide RNAs
Authors: Hsu Jonathan , Grünewald Julian , Szalay Regan , Shih Justine , Anzalone Andrew , Lam Kin Chung , Shen Max , Petri Karl , Liu David , Joung J. Keith , Pinello Luca
Published: November 2020

Prime editing (PE) is a versatile genome editing technology, but design of the required guide RNAs is more complex than for standard CRISPR-based nucleases or base editors. Here we describe PrimeDesign, a user-friendly, end-to-end web application and command-line tool for the design of PE experiments. PrimeDesign can be used for single and combination editing applications, as well as genome-wide and saturation mutagenesis screens. Using PrimeDesign, we constructed PrimeVar, a comprehensive and searchable database that includes candidate prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) and nicking sgRNA (ngRNA) combinations for installing or correcting >68,500 pathogenic human genetic variants from the ClinVar database. Finally, we used PrimeDesign to design pegRNAs/ngRNAs to install a variety of human pathogenic variants in human cells.
Radiological Monitoring in Some Coastal Regions of the Saudi Arabian Gulf
Authors: Alzahrani Jamila , Almuqrin Aljawharah , Alghamdi Hanan , Albarzan Badriah
Published: November 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Release Exosomal CBFB That Dictate an Aggressive Bone Metastasis Phenotype in Breast Cancer 
Authors: Su Chih Ming , Huang Wen-Chien , Kuo Kuang-Tai , Hsieh Ming-Shou , Fong Iat-Hang , Yeh Chi-Tai , Lin Chih-Cheng , Chao Tsu-Yi , Lee Wei-Hwa
Published: November 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Construction and Validation of a Ferroptosis-related Prognostic Signature in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Zhuolun , Jing Changying , Xiao Chutian , Zhang Mingxiao , Wang Zhenqing , Li Mingzhao , Wang Hua
Published: November 2020

Background: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common and lethal renal cell carcinoma (RCC) histological subtype. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death and serves an essential role in tumor occurrence and development. The purpose of this study is to analyze ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) expression profiles and to construct a multi-gene signature for predicting the prognosis of KIRC patients.Methods:RNA-sequencing data and clinicopathological data of KIRC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed FRGs between KIRC and normal tissues were identified using ‘limma’ package in R. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate the biological functions and pathways of differentially expressed FRGs. Consensus clustering was used to investigate the relationship between the expression of FRGs and clinical phenotypes. Univariate and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis were used to screen genes related to prognosis and construct the optimal signature. Then, a nomogram was established to predict individual survival probability by combining clinical features and prognostic signature.Results: A total of 19 differentially expressed FRGs were identified. Consensus clustering identified two clusters of KIRC patients with distinguished prognostic. Functional analysis revealed that metabolism-related pathways were enriched, especially lipid metabolism. A 7-gene ferroptosis-related prognostic signature was constructed to stratify the TCGA training cohort into high- and low-risk groups where the prognosis was significantly worse in the high-risk group. The signature was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for KIRC. These findings were validated in the testing cohort, the entire cohort, and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. We further demonstrated that the signature-based risk score was highly associated with the KIRC progression. Further stratified survival analysis showed that the high-risk group had a significantly lower overall survival (OS) rate than those in the low-risk group. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram that had a strong ability to forecast the OS of the KIRC patients.Conclusion: We constructed a ferroptosis-related prognostic signature, which might provide a reliable prognosis assessment tool for clinician to guide clinical decision-making and outcomes research.
Follow Up of COVID-19 Features in Recovered Adults without Comorbidities– Persistent Symptoms and Lab-Abnormalities
Authors: Varghese Julian , Sandmann Sarah , Vollenberg Richard , Ochs Kevin , Schrempf Inga , Froemmel Christopher , Dugas Martin , Schmidt Hartmut , Tepasse Phil
Published: November 2020

Background: With increasing numbers of patients recovering from COVID-19, there is increasing evidence for persisting symptoms and the need for follow-up studies. Methods: This retrospective study included patients without comorbidities, who recovered from COVID-19 and attended an outpatient clinic at a university hospital for follow-up care and potential convalescent plasma donation. Network analysis was applied to visualize symptom combinations and persistent symptoms. Comprehensive lab-testing was ascertained at each follow-up to analyze differences regarding patients with vs without persistent symptoms. Results: 116 patients were included, age range was 18-69 years (median: 41) with follow-ups ranging from 22 to 102 days. The three most frequent persisting symptoms were Fatigue (54%), Dyspnea (29%) and Anosmia (25%). Lymphopenia was present in 13 of 112 (12%) cases. Five of 35 cases (14%) had Lymphopenia in the later follow-up range of 80-102 days. Serum IgA concentration was the only lab parameter with significant difference between patients with vs without persistent symptoms with reduced serum IgA concentrations in the patient cohort of persisting symptoms (p=0.0219). Conclusion: Lymphopenia persisted in a noticeable percentage of recovered patients. Moreover, higher serum IgA concentration is associated with a positive effect regarding symptom persistence.
Model to assess workload of village doctors in the National Essential Public Health Services Program in six provinces of China
Authors: Yin Delu , Yin Tao , Yang Huiming , Wang Lihong , Chen Bowen
Published: November 2020

Background: No studies, particularly quantitative analyses, have been conducted regarding the workload of village doctors in the National Essential Public Health Services (NEPHS) program and differences in service delivery by village doctors, according to region and services. In this study, we developed a quantitative analysis approach to measure the workload of NEPHS provided by village doctors in six provinces of China in 2016. We aimed to identify areas and services of the NEPHS needing improvement, so as to implement targeted measures to ensure adequate delivery of NEPHSs in rural remote underserved areas.Methods: Based on survey data from 300 town hospital centers (THCs) located in 60 counties in the six selected provinces, we calculated village doctors’ share of workload under the NEPHS using the equivalent value (EV) model. To define the workload and corresponding EV of each NEPHS, a series of five meetings was held with THC managers, public health workers, family physicians, nurses and village doctors. Field observations were conducted to verify the workload and EV of each service.Results: Village doctors’ share of the workload under the NEPHS program was 43.71% across the 300 sampled THCs in six provinces. The village doctors’ workload shares for different NEPHS ranged from 17.14% to 57.00%. The percentage workload undertaken by village doctors under the NEPHS program varied across different provinces, with the highest proportion 63.4% and the lowest 28.5%.Conclusions: The total NEPHS workload assigned to village doctors by THCs in the six sampled provinces exceeded the Chinese government’s requirement of 40%, but the workload proportion in some provinces was less than 40%. In addition, the percentage workload for some NEPHS undertaken by village doctors was lower than others. We suggest conducting district-level analysis of the workload among village doctors under the NEPHS program using the EV method, to identify areas and services needing improvement, to implement targeted measures to expand and promote health service provision in China’s rural underserved areas.
Deep neural networks for high harmonic spectroscopy in solids
Authors: Klimkin Nikolai , Ivanov Misha (Mikhail)
Published: November 2020

Neural networks are a prominent tool for identifying and modeling complex patterns, which are otherwise hard to detect and analyse. While machine learning and neural networks have
been finding applications across many areas of science and technology, their use in decoding ultrafast
dynamics of quantum systems driven by strong laser fields has been limited so far. Here we use deep neural networks to analyze spectra of highly nonlinear optical response
of a crystal to intense few-cycle laser pulses. We construct a deep neural network that can efficiently utilize such spectra to resolve both the complex spectral phase of ultrashort laser pulses and simultaneously reconstruct the band structure of the crystal. Our results offer a new tool for attosecond spectroscopy of quantum dynamics and also open a route to developing all-solid-state devices for complete characterization of few-cycle pulses, including their nonlinear chirp and the carrier envelope phase.
Mladi s problemima kockanja – koliko kockaju i kako vide industriju igara na sreću
Authors:   Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska, Ricijaš Neven
Published: November 2020

Iako formalnim zakonom zabranjeno, kockanje maloljetnika i razvoj štetnih psihosocijalnih posljedica povezanih s kockanjem koje vode simptomima ovisnosti o kockanju, i u Hrvatskoj i u većini drugih zemalja zapadnog društva, zaokupljaju pozornost mnogih stručnjaka i znanstvenika u području mentalnog zdravlja. Svrha ovog rada je istražiti razlike u učestalosti kockanja mladih s obzirom na razinu razvijenih štetnih psihosocijalnih posljedica, te specifično njihovu percepciju dostupnosti i pristupačnosti igrama na sreću u Hrvatskoj. U istraživanju je sudjelovao prigodni uzorak od N = 615 muških srednjoškolaca iz Zagreba i Splita (Mdob = 16,16; SDdob = 1,21) svih triju vrsta obrazovnih programa, od prvog do završnog razreda srednje škole. Uz osnovne sociodemografske varijable, u istraživanju je korišten Upitnik aktivnosti kockanja, Subskala opće mjere ozbiljnosti problema povezanih s kockanjem (GPSS) te Upitnik percepcije industrije igara na sreću. Za ostvarivanje ciljeva, uz deskriptivnu i korelacijsku statistiku, korištene su parametrijske i neparametrijske metode inferencijalne statistike (ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallisov test s pripadajućim post-hoc testovima). Rezultati pokazuju da mladi koji prema GPSS-u imaju visoku razinu štetnih psihosocijalnih posljedica povezanih s kockanjem (tzv. crveno svjetlo) sve igre igraju učestalije, a posebno visokorizične kao što su sportsko klađenje i igre na automatima. Također, percipiraju igre dostupnijima maloljetnicima unatoč zakonskim zabranama i misle da bi država trebala propisati nižu dob (maloljetništvo) za legalno uključivanje u igre na sreću u Hrvatskoj. Rezultati jednoznačno upućuju na intenzivnije rizično ponašanje mladih koji su razvili psihosocijalne probleme povezane s kockanjem, te njihovu liberalniju percepciju industrije igara na sreću i percepciju o većoj pristupačnosti pojedinim igrama. Zaključno se rezultati stavljaju u kontekst dosadašnjih istraživanja o učestalosti kockanja mladih u Hrvatskoj i posrednom značaju utjecaja tržišta igara na sreću na stavove mladih i normalizaciju ove rizične industrije s obzirom na tako izraženu dostupnost i pristupačnost u našoj zemlji. Ključne riječi: kockanje, igre na sreću, adolescenti, industrija igara na sreću, ovisnost o kockanju
Governance of public spending avenues by oil prices, oil revenues, and GDP in Saudi Arabia: proportionate sensitivity and trend analysis
Authors: Ali Anis
Published: November 2020

Saudi Arabia is a petroleum resource-rich country, and half of the GDP of Saudi Arabia is based on the Oil Sector Revenue (OSR). The OSR is governed by the Oil Prices (OP), while GDP is also affected by the OSR in petroleum exporting companies. The volatility of OP governs the OSR and GDP positively and perfectly as the oil sector contributes approximately half of the GDP of Saudi Arabia. The study analyzes the governance of the Public Spending Avenues (PSA) by the OP, OSR, and GDP in the long and short run and based on the secondary data taken from the website of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA). Coefficient of Variations (CV), Chain-based Index (CBI) numbers, Fixed-based Index (FBI) numbers, and Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) of OP and other dependent variables calculated to get the normality, sensitivity, trend, and significance difference among the sensitivity and trend of variables, while Pearson’s correlations establish the cause-effect relationship among the variables. The study reveals that oil price volatility does not affect the OSR, GDP, and ultimately public spending in the long run. However, there is governance of volatility of OP that can be seen on OSR, GDP, and ultimately on PSA in the short run. Saudi Arabian government enhances its spending on PSA and especially on education while lowering the OP. There is a need to diversify the income resources to minimize the reliability of oil prices and budget deficit and consider the sensitivity of oil prices on the economy by the policymakers to formulate the policies to minimize the impact of volatility of OP on the economy.
AcknowledgmentThe author would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
 
Physiotherapy Students Satisfaction on Clinical Learning Environment and Supervision at University of Ghana
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Accra, Ghana,, Nyante Gifty , Asare Emmanuel ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Salvation Army Rehabilitation Centre, P.O. Box 10, Begoro, Eastern Region, Ghana,, Quartey Jonathan ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana/ School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Netherlands / Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, UK, Kwakye Samuel Koranteng ,   West African Football Academy, Sogakope, Volta Region, Ghana. P.O.Box CT 5619 Accra Ghana.
Published: November 2020

Background:Clinical education is an important and distinct part of health profession education in which students learn to consolidate theory into practice with the aim of gaining clinical competence and enhancing professional knowledge. Clinical knowledge and skills can be achieved through a conducive clinical learning environment with effective supervision. We aimedto determine physiotherapy students’ satisfaction on their clinical learning environment and supervision.Methodology:A cross-sectional study, which involved 85 physiotherapy students recruited with the convenience sampling technique from the Department of physiotherapy, University of Ghana who visited four accredited clinical sites. Participants who consented, completed an adapted Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale. Data collected was analysed using SPSS (version 20.0). Pearson’s Chi-square was used to test for association between variables.Results:Almost all 80 (94.1%) participants were satisfied with the clinical learning environment only, while more than half 52 (61.2%) had average level of satisfaction with the clinical learning environment and supervision. Majority 60 (80%) of participants had a high level of satisfaction with supervision only. The association between the participants’ satisfaction on the clinical learning environment and supervision was statistically significant (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Physiotherapy students are generally satisfied with their clinical learning environment and supervision. Periodic assessment of physiotherapy students’ satisfaction with clinical learning environment and supervision may be carried out in order to improve clinical leaning. Keywords: clinical education,clinical learning environment, clinical supervision, clinical supervisor, students’ satisfaction.
Physiotherapy Intervention in Palliative Care for HIV Comorbidities: Can it be a Best Practice for Public Policy for Palliative Care in Zambia?
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia, Nkandu Esther Munalula , Simpamba Micah Mutuna ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia, Shula Hastings Kachingwe ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia, Chisoso Theresa Lesa ,   School of Health Sciences, Dean, University of Zambia, Chiluba Brian Chanda ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia.
Published: November 2020

Introduction:The prolonged life expectancy for people living with HIV has led to an increase in the prevalence of people living with HIV and AIDS.Most of these patients are experiencing episodes of wellness and illness with related disability. In Zambia, many HIV patients who required rehabilitation services were not able to access these services.A community based physiotherapy intervention programme using Community Health Workers who were equipped with basic physiotherapy skills was set up in Mtendere and Chawama Townships of Lusaka, Zambia from 2008 to 2015.This study set out to assess the intervention output in relation to patients’ trends, process of the intervention and challenges experienced for the period October, 2012 to September, 2014.Methods: This evaluation reviewed monthly and annual reports of the programme from October, 2012 to September, 2014.A desk review of palliative care related reports and policy was also reviewed. Both qualitative and quantitative data was extracted from these reports, with quantitative data being analyzed using excel while qualitative data was analysed usingQSR NVIVO 10 after being transcribed and translated from texts.Results: The patients’ trends during this period showed a steady increase in the proportion of new patients being enrolled onto the programme compared to those who were being lost to follow up, death, discharge or other loss such as transfers and many others. Themes under qualitative analysis were Community Health Workers, procurements, service delivery programme challenges and palliative care policy.The programme planned to conduct two trainings for each of the years under review but only managed one in each year. There were many challenges identified under this programme and all of them bordered on inconsistencies in the release of funds.Conclusion: This evaluation shows that the prevalence of HIV patients presenting with disabling conditions has been increasing and there is need to provide the needed rehabilitation services through the community based programme. Using Community Health Workers to provide physiotherapy services in the community enables many patients to access these services and hence a policy that supports this would be ideal. Keywords:palliative care; physiotherapy; HIV comorbidity; public policy
Factors Associated With Alcohol Use Among Medical Students at Ridgeway Campus, University of Zambia
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia., Nkandu Esther Munalula , Zangata Chinyemba ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia., Foto Dorcas ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia., Kamanga Jessy ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia., Njapawu Wana G. ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia., Lungu Axon  J. ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia., Mbulo Joseph ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Zambia.
Published: November 2020

Background: Alcohol use among students has been found to be significantly associated with suicide ideation, physical fighting, and poor academic performance. Consequently, the regular use of alcohol during the adolescence and early adulthood stage can be seen as a risk factor or an indicator of possible future health and social problems. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with alcohol use among medical students at Ridgeway campus.Methodology: The study enrolled259 medical students at Ridgeway campus who completed an anonymous, self-applied questionnaire. SPSS version 20 was used to verify the correlation between alcohol use and variables. The significance level was set at 95% (p>0.05) interval.Results: Alcohol consumption was 60%. Year of the study was related to alcohol use. Additionally, other related factors were boredom (p<0.001), forget problems (p=0.001) and improvement of academic performance (p=0.018). Conclusion:The results obtained are useful for developing strategies for alcohol prevention among this population. Training with tips on how to deal with stress, early detection of alcohol use, provision of scientific information, programs for professors/tutors and others and an increase in the time dedicated to disciplines that discuss alcohol use. Keywords:Alcohol use, Medical students, ridgeway campus, university of Zambia
Sustainable life-cycle assessment of mixing approaches in water storage tanks
Authors: Fard Mohammad Alizadeh , Barkdoll Brian D.
Published: November 2020

Poor mixing in water storage tanks can cause stagnant zones that could pose negative public health effects. The present study uses Life Cycle Assessment to decide among the only three mixing options available, namely sprinkler, multiple inlets, and a mechanical mixer for the first time. These options were compared using different life-cycle assessment (LCA) tools using an 80-year lifetime as the functional unit while assuming that all three options result in acceptable water quality. Using SimaPro modeling software as well as the IPCC 2013 GWP 100a V1.0 and Cumulative Energy Demand methods, these three mixing approaches were compared with and without waste recycling. Results showed that application of a sprinkler is the least expensive option. Damage-cost analyses for categories of human health, ecosystem quality, and resources showed that a sprinkler caused the least damage and cost, while a mixer resulted in the most damage and cost.
MATERIALIZAÇÃO DIGITAL DE PROTETORES FACIAIS (FACE SHIELDS)
Authors: Silva Cavalcante Eunádia , Farias Helio T M , Max Liger de Mello Monteiro Verner
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta a ação realizada por um grupo de professores do Laboratório de Maquetes e Protótipos do CAU/UFRN e do IFRN – campus São Gonçalo do Amarante – que objetiva o desenvolvimento de protetores faciais (face shields), através de prototipagem rápida e fabricação digital, que possam contribuir de forma emergencial para a proteção dos profissionais de saúde do estado do Rio Grande do Norte no atendimento aos pacientes infectados com o novo coronavírus. Trata-se de um tipo de ação que vem sendo desenvolvida por vários FabLabs, Startups, bem como universidades ao redor do mundo, no sentido de suprir a carência e a urgência por equipamentos de proteção, cuja demanda não está sendo atendida pela indústria.
O IMPACTO DO ATENDIMENTO EM UMA ORGANIZAÇÃO NÃO GOVERNAMENTAL COM A COVID-19: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Martins Rodrigues Julyana , Raquel Ferreira da Silva Neylany , Carvalho Costa Everton
Published: November 2020

O mundo está se adaptando as novas mudanças e ressignificando o jeito de trabalhar depois que a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), decretou a pandemia da COVID-19. Diante disto, vários países, como, por exemplo, o Brasil adotou como medida de saúde o isolamento social e muitas Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs) tiveram que interromper temporariamente suas atividades ou se adaptar a uma nova rotina. O estudo teve como objetivo: relatar a experiência em uma instituição sem fins lucrativos durante a pandemia. Trata-se de um relato de experiência realizado a partir da vivência em uma entidade que atende pacientes oncológicos em situação social desfavorável. É possível perceber que a ONG está seguindo as recomendações da OMS e fazendo o possível para continuar cuidando de cada paciente com atenção e respeito.
ESTRATÉGIAS E AÇÕES DESENVOLVIDAS NO ENFRENTAMENTO DO CORONAVÍRUS: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Bezerra de Medeiros Nóbrega Cylene , Saint-Clair da Silva Teodosio Sheila
Published: November 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar as estratégias e ações desenvolvidas pelo Centro Formador de Recursos Humanos, do Estado da Paraíba, frente à pandemia do Coronavírus. O Centro Formador, enquanto Escola Técnica do SUS e coordenador da Política de Educação Permanente no Estado teve um papel estratégico no enfrentamento da pandemia que assola o Estado da Paraíba. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, elaborado no contexto da pandemia da do Coronavírus. Utilizou como referencial teórico os documentos e textos produzidos pela OMS, OPAS e MS. Resultados: Entre as ações principais ele apoiou o processo de contratação de profissionais de saúde, bem como foi responsável por estratégias educativas, utilizando os pressupostos das metodologias ativas e educação permanente, para o contingenciamento do Coronavírus. Considerações Finais: O Centro de Formação assumiu o papel de instituição educadora na Saúde, através de ações estratégicas, para estimular o profissional de Saúde a refletir e compreender a sua prática em meio a uma doença de alto contágio. Espera-se que o presente relato possa contribuir com o debate acerca das ações estratégicas de enfrentamento ao do Coronavírus e da importância da Educação em Saúde nas ações de prevenção.
COMO APROVEITAR MELHOR AS FRUTAS EM ÉPOCA DE COVID-19? UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Georgia Gomes de Medeiros Junyara , Micherlandia dos Santos Gabriela , Lorena Teixeira de Araújo Lima Cynthia , Fernandes de Souza Araujo Daline , De Lima Oliveira Vanessa Teixeira
Published: November 2020

Diante da pandemia do novo coronavírus (Covid-19), torna-se importante fortalecer a imunidade através de uma alimentação saudável que inclua o consumo diário de frutas e legumes, evitando-se também os desperdícios. O presente trabalho trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a elaboração de dois materiais didáticos, destinados ao público em geral, com foco no aproveitamento de frutas maduras em tempos de Covid-19. Para ampliar o alcance da informação foram realizados divulgação e compartilhamento em mídias sociais como rádio, Instagram e WhatsApp, em maio de 2020. O compartilhamento do material permitiu que a mensagem pudesse alcançar os mais diversos públicos em um curto espaço de tempo, estimulando uma reflexão sobre o aproveitamento integral de alimentos em época distanciamento social suscitado pela Covid-19. Palavras-chave: Coronavírus; extensão comunitária; polpa de fruta.
COMO PROMOVER ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL PARA CRIANÇAS EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19?
Authors: Gabriela Fernandes Assunção Débora , Freitas de Oliveira Amanda , Mclaine Costa Saraiva Fully Thalita , Danielly da Silva Ribeiro Karla
Published: November 2020

O distanciamento social provocado pela pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe mudanças na rotina, sendo essencial manter/promover práticas alimentares saudáveis neste período. Assim, o projeto “Promoção da Assistência Nutricional Materno-Infantil: grupo AMInutri (PJ227-2020)” desenvolveu remotamente uma cartilha composta por receitas práticas, baseadas nas diretrizes nacionais, para estimular o ato de cozinhar com crianças, como uma ferramenta para promoção da alimentação saudável. A cartilha foi divulgada em diversas páginas eletrônicas e redes sociais, sendo obtidos relatos com fotos e vídeos de sua execução. Também foi traduzida para a língua inglesa para compor e-book e aumentar sua disseminação. Esse produto cumpriu o papel da extensão universitária, articulando saberes/competências do ensino, pesquisa e extensão em prol do bem estar da sociedade durante a pandemia.

Palavras-chave: Isolamento Social, Alimentação Infantil, Culinária
Judicial activism and the American election process
Authors: Laidler Paweł
Published: November 2020

This article analyses the phenomenon of judicial activism in the American electoral process. It tries to estimate whether the political system of the United States of America has become hostage to the law-making role of the judiciary, which actively controls the compliance of election laws with the Constitution, thus drawing courts into purely political processes, or whether the nature of the disputes settled by judges rather makes it impossible for them to avoid being influenced by and influencing issues of a political nature. The article analyses various legal acts and court decisions, mostly concerning the current status of federal campaign finance in the United States, and demonstrates that more spheres traditionally reserved for other branches of government are being appropriated by the judicial branch.
The basis of state image formation in international communication, as exemplified by the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Zhminko Elena
Published: November 2020

In the modern world, the formation of a state’s image, which is one of its main resources, largely depends on the state’s participation in international communication processes. Whether the formation of the image will be successful is largely determined by three factors: the clarity and intelligibility of its identification, both for its citizens and the international community; the compliance of the legal framework in the field of information relations with international standards; and the structuring of the information policy according to the principles of two-way communication, including openness and free access to information. The political authorities of the Republic of Belarus, relying on the concept of ideologization, treat the global exchange of information as a threat to the legitimacy of its power and try to cultivate absolute control over the communication and information processes, paradoxically making it impossible to implement the tasks set by themselves in this area.
Andrzej Wierciński, Existentia Hermeneutica: Understanding as the Mode of Being in the World, LIT, Zürich 2019, pp. 512 (rev.)
Authors: Portocarrero Maria Luisa
Published: November 2020

Andrzej Wierciński’s "Existentia Hermeneutica: Understanding as the Mode of Being in the World" is absolutely innovative in its reflection on the hermeneutic relationship between philosophy and theology. It represents a profound analysis of the whole tradition of philosophical hermeneutics and Catholic theology, which drew upon the former for a new account of the problematic of faith.
Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej: "Jakie będzie chrześcijaństwo przyszłości? Doświadczenie religijne, kultura i racjonalność wiary w twórczości Romano Guardiniego", Papieski Wydział Teologiczny, Wrocław, 28 maja 2019 r.
Authors: Kobyliński Andrzej
Published: November 2020

28 maja 2019 roku na Papieskim Wydziale Teologicznym we Wrocławiu miało miejsce międzynarodowe sympozjum naukowe nt. "Jakie będzie chrześcijaństwo przyszłości? Doświadczenie religijne, kultura i racjonalność wiary w twórczości Romano Guardiniego".
Mimari Tasarım Eğitiminde Biyomimikri ve Form İlişkisinin Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Literatür İncelemesi
Authors: Ölgen Burcu
Published: November 2020

Tasarım eğitiminde form oluşturma süreci, pek çok farklı alanın esin kaynağı olarak kullanılabildiği bir süreçtir. Bu alanlardan biri olan biyomimikri, doğa ile tasarımı bir araya getirmektedir. Doğadan esinlenilerek tasarlanan çalışmaların bazılarında doğal formların birebir kopyalanarak sonuç ürüne aktarıldığı görülmüştür. Bu yaklaşımla ortaya çıkan ürünler ise doğanın birer taklidi olmaktadır. Tasarım sürecinde doğal formlardan doğayı taklit etmeden de esinlenmek mümkün olabilir. Bununla birlikte, doğadan esinlenerek tasarlamak, tasarım eğitiminde kullanılan yaratıcı yaklaşımlardan biridir. Doğadaki formların soyutlanarak tasarıma aktarılması eğitimde faydalı bir pratik olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, doğadaki formlardan esinlenen tasarım anlayışının sonuç ürününe yansıması konusu örnekler üzerinden araştırılmış ve tasarım eğitimindeki yansımaları incelenmiştir. Nitel olarak ele alınan araştırma için veriler, veri tabanı tarama yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, biyomimetrik tasarım anlayışında, doğadaki formlardan esinlenilerek yeni ve özgün formlar oluşturulabildiği ve bu yaklaşımının tasarım eğitimine fayda sağladığı tespit edilmiştir.
A Case of Neurosarcoidosis Mimicking Brain Tumor
Authors: Sari Lutfullah , Peker Abdusselim A. , Cesme Dilek H. , Alkan Alpay
Published: November 2020

Background:

Neurosarcoidosis manifests symptomatically in 5% of patients with sarcoidosis
and diagnosis can be challenging if not clinically suspected. Cerebral mass-like presentation
of neurosarcoidosis rarely reported in the literature. We presented a woman with neurosarcoidosis
who had a cerebral mass-like lesion which completely disappeared after medical treatment.

Discussion:

A 37-year-old woman with history of pulmonary sarcoidosis referred to the emergency
service of our hospital with a one-month history of progressive dizziness, nausea and seeing
flashing lights. At neurologic examination, numbness and weakness on the left side of the body, deviation
of uvula toward the right side was seen. Cranial MRI demonstrated a 2.5x2 cm in size mass
lesion which hypointense on T1 WI, heterogeneous hyperintense on T2 and FLAIR sequence with
peripheral vasogenic edema and heterogeneous, irregular contrast enhancement simulating brain tumor.
Also, leptomeningeal and nodular contrast enhancement was seen on brainstem, cerebellar
vermis, perimesencephalic cistern and left frontal, bilateral parietooccipital sulcus. In laboratory
tests; The level of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was 53 IU/mL (N:8-52 IU/mL)
and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ACE was 23 IU/mL (N:0-2.6 IU/mL). CSF cytology analysis was
normal. Pattern 2 oligoclonal bands were present. With these clinical, laboratory and radiological
findings, cerebral involvement of sarcoidosis was suspected. Biopsy was not performed due to the
high risk of morbidity caused by the deep location of the lesion.Patient was treated with methylprednisolone
and Azathioprine for a month.On post-treatment control imaging; lesion disappeared
completely without residual leptomeningeal and nodular contrast enhancement.Also, neurologic
symptoms were decreased remarkably.

Conclusion:

Multi-system inflammatory disorders like sarcoidosis, can present with mass-like lesion
in the brain parenchyma. While early diagnosis is important to prevent unnecessary interventions
like biopsy and surgery, it is crucial to initiate the necessary treatment with the aim of recovery
without sequelae. Radiological and clinical follow-up are fundamental in differential diagnosis.
Denoising Medical Images Using Machine Learning, Deep Learning Approaches: A Survey
Authors: Arshaghi Ali , Ashourian Mohsen , Ghabeli Leila
Published: November 2020

Objective:

Several de-noising methods for medical images have been applied such as Wavelet Transform,
CNN, linear and Non-linear method.

Methods:

In this paper, a median filter algorithm will be modified and explain the image de-noising to wavelet transform
and Non-local means (NLM), deep convolutional neural network (DnCNN) and Gaussian noise and Salt and pepper noise
used in the medical skin image.

Results:

PSNR values of CNN methods is higher and better than to others filters (Adaptive Wiener filter, Median filter
and Adaptive Median filter, Wiener filter).

Conclusion:

Denoising methods performance with indices SSIM, PSNR, and MSE have been tested,
and the results of simulation image denoising are also presented in this article.
Frequency of Pathological Types of Hyperthyroidism in Thyroid Scan Patients
Authors: Pooria Ali , Pourya Afsoun , Gheini Alireza
Published: November 2020

Background:

Hyperthyroidism is a common systemic disorder where Graves’ disease is known as the leading
cause of the disease. Thyroid stimulating hormone, T4 and T3 antibody assay are usually performed for the diagnosis of
the pathology. However, with uncertainty in the results and in order to estimate the magnitude and the exact cause of the
disease, radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test is recommended. The aim of this study is to evaluate underlying pathology
in the patients presenting hyperthyroidism using RAIU test results.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted on the patients with hyperthyroidism referred to Shahid
Madani Hospital in Khorramabad. Data regarding the biochemical analysis and RAIU test was collected from the records
and a questionnaire based on demographic and clinical information was completed for each patient.

Results:

Of 137 patients presenting hyperthyroidism, 62.04% were presented with Graves’ disease, 24.08% with toxic
multinodular goiter and 13.86% with toxic adenoma. 24-hour RAIU test showed that the percent of radioiodine uptake
was most in toxic adenoma 67.7%, Graves’ disease 53.5% and multinodular goiter 39%, respectively. From the age-based
analysis, we found that Graves’ was most common in 20-30 years old individuals 34%, multinodular goiter in 50+ aged
individuals 36.3% and toxic adenoma was most prevalent in 30-40 and 50+ aged patients, 26.3% each. In our population
of interest, 81.8% toxic multinodular goiter patients were females.

Conclusions:

Our study presents the outcome of RAIU tests in hyperthyroidism based on the underlying pathologies. We
also conclude, in light of other findings, Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in our population.
NURSE ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN INPATIENT WARD of BALADHIKA HUSADA HOSPITAL JEMBER
Authors: Khoiroh Siti Amaliatul , Rifai Ahmad , Afandi Alfid Tri
Published: November 2020

A ward nurse is a practitioner nurse who takes action according to standard operatingprocedures and prevention and identifies the state of the environment for 24 hours. Theworkload can lead to the emergence of attitudes that become complaints of patients,namely the emotional instability of nurses because of fatigue and high activity. Theimpact of ethical dilemmas experienced by nurses, one of which is the emotional impacton nurses such as anger, stress, frustration, and fear during the decision-making process.The research design is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach thataims to explore nursesâ€™ perceptions and experiences of the ethical dilemma of nursingin the inpatient ward. A total of six participants involved in this study were selected bypurposive sampling technique. Participants were the practitioner nurses in the inpatientward of the Baladhika Husada Hospital in Jember. Colaizzi analysis method is used toconclude this study. The results obtained by five main themes: nurse knowledge andunderstanding, forms of ethical dilemmas experienced by nurses, ethical dilemmas relatedto ethical principles, actions when experiencing ethical dilemmas, and expectations fornurses. Continuing education regarding nurse ethical dilemmas in the implementationof professional nursing care is crucial to improve the quality of nurse performance whendelivering nursing care.
A Universidade do Minho em tempos de pandemia: Tomo II: Re(Ações)
Authors: Martins Manuela , Rodrigues Eloy
Published: November 2020

Nesta obra reúnem-se cerca de meia centena de textos que retratam, a partir de diferente experiências, perspetivas e olhares disciplinares, a forma como a pandemia provocada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 foi sentida na Universidade do Minho, a primeira universidade portuguesa a ser atingida pelos seus efeitos, a partir de 7 de março de 2020. Os contributos aqui reunidos exprimem o modo como a comunidade académica se organizou para garantir o funcionamento da instituição e o cumprimento da sua missão, quer no âmbito do ensino, quer da investigação e da inovação, não dispensando uma necessária reflexão crítica sobre a nova realidade que se afirmou com a pandemia, o seu significado e os impactos da mesma na sociedade. Dado o elevado número e a diversidade dos contributos, a obra organiza-se em três volumes, que tentam dar resposta a três possíveis interrogações. Assim, o 1º volume, com o subtítulo de ‘Reflexões’, procura equacionar diferentes perspetivas em torno da questão: Mas o que é isto? Já o 2º volume, que recebe o subtítulo de ‘(Re)Ações’, corporiza um conjunto de textos que reflete as atuações em diferentes áreas da dimensão académica, elucidando quanto ao modo: Como reagimos? Finalmente, o 3º volume, que acusa o subtítulo de ‘Projeções’, dá expressão a uma inevitável pergunta: E agora? Pois, afinal, todos sabemos que isto não vai, nem pode, ficar tudo bem.
Размерный эффект при фазовом равновесии жидкость-жидкость в трехкомпонентной системе
Authors: Федосеев В.Б.
Published: November 2020

The size effects during phase transformations in systems of submicro- and manometer sizes are expressed in significant changes in phase equilibria. Examples of ternary phase diagrams small volume systems in the literature are virtually absent. The size effect is demonstrated by creating a series of phase diagrams of an aniline-methylcyclopentane-hexane solution. The liquid-liquid phase equilibrium was simulated by the methods of chemical thermodynamics for particles (droplets) with a core-shell configuration with a radius of 100 and 50 nm at temperatures of 25 and 45^oC. Reducing the volume of this system is accompanied by a change in the heterogeneous region, the appearance of metastable states that are absent in the macrophase, and increase the thermodynamic stability of the homogeneous solution.