bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A - 4 The Potential Applications of Software Supporting the Early Detection of Cognitive Disorders and Dementia in Diagnostics and Prevention
Authors: Gelencsér Zoltán , Simonová Erika , Sátori Mária , Varga László
Published: September 2024

Objective

In Hungary, the process of diagnosing dementia is slow and time-consuming. Currently, there are no well-developed systems and strategies at the local level for screening, and there is no artificial intelligence algorithm that could determine early signs of dementia based on the patient’s digital behavioral patterns.

Methods

Two PILOTs were conducted using the PreDem platform. Over the PILOTs’ duration (2021.09.01.-2024.04.09), 61,902 test data were analyzed. The 259 participants completed SDMT-type tests, Stroop tests, and memory/word games.

Results

We established a unified system for task evaluation, facilitating cross-test result comparisons. Participants (n = 43,902) were grouped into three categories: 1st - presumed dementia patients (13,932), 2nd - diagnosed MS patients (16,175), and 3rd - presumably normal population (13,795). Comparing the first two groups to the normal population revealed significant differences, vividly illustrated by density functions. A key finding is the substantial improvement in individuals dealing with memory disorders and forgetfulness through regular cognitive game performance.

Conclusion

Study results reveal the PreDem platform’s potential as a valuable tool for early dementia detection and prevention. Combining cognitive tests and artificial intelligence, the platform can successfully identify early signs of dementia and cognitive impairment (90% accuracy), potentially leading to early diagnosis, treatment, and improved quality of life for patients and families.
A - 5 Longitudinal Analysis of Protective Factors on Cognition Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Eversole Kara , Garvan Cynthia , Price Catherine , Tanner Jared
Published: September 2024

Objective

To examine cognitive and brain resilience factors on older adult cognition following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

Participants were recruited through orthopedic clinics and screened for eligibility (i.e., age > 60 years, English as first language, diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis, intact activities of daily living). Data were collected before surgery, three weeks, three months, and one-year post-TKA (N = 67; mean(SD) age = 69.49(7.09) years; mean(SD) education = 15.62(2.83) years; 51% female; 90% non-Hispanic White (NHW), 10% non-Hispanic Black. Participants received baseline magnetic resonance imaging (3 T Siemens Verio). Magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo images were preprocessed. Machine learning predicted brain age (DeepBrainNet) was calculated for each participant. Linear mixed effects models examined longitudinal effects of word reading (Wide Range Achievement Test-III (WRAT-III)), brain age gap (predicted brain age minus chronological age), sex, ethnicity/race, pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory), and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) on cognitive composites (i.e., memory, working memory/inhibition, reasoning, processing speed, language).

Results

Memory, working memory/inhibition, reasoning, and processing speed had curvilinear trajectories (p’s < 0.05), declining post-TKA and subsequently returning to baseline. Word reading positively associated with memory (β = 0.065, SE = 0.016, p < 0.001), working memory/inhibition (β = 0.069, SE = 0.016, p < 0.001), reasoning (β = 0.099, SE = 0.021, p < 0.001), and processing speed (β = 0.050, SE = 0.015, p < 0.01). Language negatively associated with BAG (β = −0.041, SE = 0.017, p < 0.05). Women had higher processing speed (β = −0.285, SE = 0.135, p < 0.05), and NHW participants had higher memory (β = 0.479, SE = 0.224, p < 0.05). When pain interference was higher, processing speed (β = −0.003, SE = 0.002, p < 0.05) and language (β = −0.007, SE = 0.002, p < 0.01) were lower.

Conclusions

Cognitive and brain resilience measures may identify individuals protected against cognitive dysfunction post-surgically. Future research increasing representation in underrepresented groups is warranted.
A - 7 An Examination of the Predictive Roles of Healthy Literacy and Age in Online and Print Health Information Search Performance among Older Adults
Authors: Rahman Samina , Schmitter-Edgecombe Maureen
Published: September 2024

Objective

As older adults increasingly seek health information online, evaluating complex technology-based everyday behaviors is important. This study examined the predictive roles of health literacy and age in health information search accuracy across online and print sources.

Methods

Participants were 96 community-dwelling older adults (age: M = 70.09, SD = 8.69; education: M = 16.57, SD = 2.14; 75% female; 96.88% White). Participants completed the Newest Vital Sign, a health literacy measure that required participants to interpret verbal and numerical information on a nutrition label, and a health search task (HST), which examined the ability to navigate web and print sources to search for health information.

Results

A multiple regression was conducted in which HST accuracy was regressed onto health literacy and age for web and print subtasks separately. Cognitive status (MoCA total score) was a covariate. Although health literacy was not a significant predictor of HST accuracy, age was a significant predictor for the web-based subtask, β = −0.29, b = −0.05, SEb = 0.02, 95% CI [−0.08, −0.02], t(92) = −2.94, p = 0.004, and cognitive status for the print-based subtask, β = 0.36, b = 0.18, SEb = 0.05, 95% CI [0.08, −0.28], t(92) = 3.50, p = 0.001.

Conclusions

Compared to health literacy, age and cognitive status were stronger predictors of health information search performance across online and print sources in community-dwelling older adults. Future studies should consider the impact of age and comfort with technology in examining older adults’ ability to successfully navigate online health sources.
A - 8 Tailored Education for Aging and Cognitive Health [TEACH]: Refining a Framework for Disclosing Personal Dementia Risk Information to Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: De La Roca Angelica , Korthauer Laura , Davis Jennifer , Rosen Rochelle , Tremont Geoffrey N , Arias Idania
Published: September 2024

Objective

To refine an explanatory framework for tailored education about dementia risk factors and personal health beliefs that are mediators of health behavior change, as part of a larger project to develop a multi-domain behavioral health intervention for dementia prevention in midlife.

Methods

We conducted a personal health assessment of modifiable dementia risk factors (Livingston et al, 2020) and health belief concepts from Science of Behavior Change Research Network (e.g., future time perspective, self-efficacy, deferment of gratification). Participants’ personalized data were presented to them individually followed by a semi-structured interview using a phenomenographic approach. Participant comments were summarized using applied thematic analysis; the most representative statements, trends, and differences were identified.

Results

We conducted 11 individual interviews (aged 49–69, 45% women, 100% non-Hispanic white). Participants found the experience of learning their personal dementia risk to be unsurprising and occasionally consoling. Participants demonstrated good understanding of health belief concepts, and they were able to draw connections between their health beliefs and engagement in brain health-relevant behaviors. Most participants agreed the information was clear and the visual aids were effective in displaying personal risk. There was not a clear preference between the presentation of health beliefs either by individuals strengths and weaknesses versus grouping them conceptually.

Conclusions

Using qualitative data from individual interviews, we refined an explanatory framework for disclosing middle-aged adults’ health beliefs and dementia risk. We will use these qualitative data to develop a personalized health education intervention and compare it to a basic health education program in a randomized controlled trial.
A - 14 Sleep and Tauopathies: a Review
Authors: Thompson Jennifer L , Lambert Sophia C , Tucker Jacob D , Gray Amber , Ahmed Fayeza S
Published: September 2024

Objective

This project highlights a narrative review investigating the relation between sleep and tauopathies (a disease which reflects the pathological changes in the brain’s tau protein). Tauopathies are often associated with aging disorders and causes of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Sleep is a behavioral modifiable risk factor that has been implicated in many of these disorders, but the process, relationship, and mechanisms remain largely unknown. Understanding relationships between behaviors and disease pathology is crucial to furthering our understanding of causes of disorders, as there are no known cures for neurodegenerative tauopathies.

Data Selection

This review was registered with Prospero, a database of potential systematic reviews, and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The search took place between August and November 2023. Databases included PubMed, APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. Key words included “sleep,” “tau,” and “dementia.” Study requirements included a measure of sleep and tau, and a human sample that had been diagnosed with a tauopathy.

Data Synthesis

The search yielded 319 unique results. A three-person team independently reviewed titles for relativity and inclusion first, then reviewed abstracts to determine eligibility. A total of 22 papers were found to meet review criteria.

Conclusion

A majority of studies (n = 21) found correlations between impaired sleep and increased tau pathology. A subset analysis that reviewed studies with neuropsychological testing (n = 6) found increased cognitive impairment with poorer sleep and increased tau pathology. There is a continued need for longitudinal studies to understand the impacts of lifestyle behaviors on pathology development.
A - 15 Convergent Validity between Standard Neuropsychological Assessment and Web-Based Voice-Recognition Neuropsychological Assessment (Intraneuron)
Authors: Alasantro Lori , Sadoff Madeline , Nason Alexandra , Kaup Allison , Rosen Jay , Vignisson Vidar , Sahagian Gregory
Published: September 2024

Objective

The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains high, and often cases may go undetected. The gold standard for detection of cognitive decline is neuropsychological assessment. However, access to neuropsychological assessment can be impacted by geographic and financial limitations. Prior research has determined that electronic-based testing is effective in detecting cognitive change. This study aimed to investigate a convergent validity between standard neuropsychological assessment (SNA) and a web-based, voice-recognition neuropsychological assessment tool (Intraneuron).

Method

75 participants from a community-based neurology practice completed SNA and Intraneuron. Intraneuron is comprised of an auditory list learning/recall test and verbal fluency tests (F/A/S, animals). Pearson correlations were conducted to examine the convergent validity between SNA and Intraneuron. A McNemar cross tabulation analysis was utilized to compare the proportions of detected “normal” and “abnormal” screening for SNA (based on clinical diagnosis) and Intraneuron (utilizing 1SD and 1.5SD below the mean as cutoffs).

Results

There were moderate, positive correlations between the SNA and Intraneuron: animals (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), F/A/S (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), delayed word list recall (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). The McNemar test showed that the classification between SNA and Intraneuron were similar at 1SD and 1.5SD.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated convergent validity SNA and Intraneuron. Results suggest that the Intraneuron is equivalent in the detection of early cognitive decline compared to SNA. This data provides support for the value of a web-based screening tool and the potential to maximize utilization across multiple settings and improve early detection of cognitive decline.
A - 17 Effects of Bilingualism on Symptom Duration before Diagnosis of MCI
Authors: Barboza Vanesa Bedregal , Jiang Yirou , Peery Shelley
Published: September 2024

Objective

While some studies (e.g., Bialystok et al., 2014; Brini et al., 2020) have identified a bilingual advantage in delaying age of onset for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (4.7 years) relative to monolingual individuals, inconsistencies have been attributed to immigration status and level of education, among others. The present study investigated the role of bilingualism on the age of MCI onset, symptom duration before diagnosis, and age at time of diagnosis MCI.

Method

Data from an outpatient neuropsychological clinic registry were examined for MCI. 177 adults ages 39–92 (monolingual = 121, bilingual = 56) were identified. Participants with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), acute psychosis, or dementia were excluded.

Results

Independent t-test showed monolingual individuals had significantly shorter duration of symptoms until diagnosis (32 months) than bilingual individuals (41 months; t (175) = −1.714, p = 0.044) despite the fact that there was no significant difference between monolingual and bilingual participants on age of symptom onset (t (175) = −0.033, p = 0.487) or age at diagnosis (t (175) = −0.456, p = 0.324). Years of education was not significant.

Conclusion

Bilingual patients had a longer course of symptoms before MCI diagnoses, providing support that bilingualism may aid in the preservation of cognitive function despite disease related progression associated with MCI. More detailed analysis accounting for quality of education, access to health care, socioeconomic status, immigration status, etc., is necessary to examine the complexity associated with bilingualism that may underlie the controversy around the bilingual advantage.
A - 19 Exploring White Matter Correlates of Fluid Cognitive Functioning in those 85+
Authors: Carter Emily E
Published: September 2024

Objective

In individuals aged 85+, maintenance of white matter integrity (WMI) is crucial for maintaining communication between brain regions. White matter hyperintensities (WMH), common in aging, are linked with reduced cognitive function. While fluid cognitive functions typically decline with aging, some oldest older adults maintain performance akin to much younger individuals.

Methods

We examined the relationship between WMI, WMH, and fluid cognitive functioning in individuals aged 85+. WMI and WMH were assessed using two types of MRI imaging and fluid and crystallized cognitive performance were measured using the NIH Toolbox. Cognitive metrics were compared to WMI and WMH.

Results

Age significantly predicted fluid cognition (β = 0.49, p < 0.05, R^2 = 0.25, p < 0.01). Incorporating white matter measures improved prediction. Notably, cingulate gyrus FA and uncinate fasciculus FA significantly contributed to explained variance (ΔR^2 = 0.12, p < 0.01; ΔR^2 = 0.17, p < 0.01). Splenium corpus callosum MD and fornix column body ad were also significant predictors (ΔR^2 = 0.23, p < 0.01; ΔR^2 = 0.18, p < 0.01).n.

Conclusion

This study shows the significant impact of age and regional WMI on fluid cognitive function. Age did predict fluid cognition, and consideration of the white matter integrity of the cingulate gyrus and uncinate fasciculus integrity enhanced this association. Further, the integrity of the splenium of the corpus callosum and fornix also played crucial roles. These findings highlight the importance of preservation of white matter health for cognitive well-being in older adults 85 + .
A - 22 Effects of Gender on the Relationship between Coping Styles and Executive Functioning in Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Thomas Lexie , McCalley Dan , Padula Claudia
Published: September 2024

Objective

Executive functioning (EF) and coping styles are important factors likely to influence risk and resilience to relapse following Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) treatment. This study aims to evaluate EF and coping as independent predictors of relapse and the interplay between these two constructs by treatment outcome group and gender differences.

Methods

23 females and 59 males in AUD residential treatment programs completed self-report questionnaires, a neuropsychological battery, and were followed for six months to determine treatment outcome. A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate coping (Brief COPE Inventory) and EF (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, Color-Word Interference Test, CWIT; inhibition and switching conditions) variables as predictors of relapse status. Significant predictors were evaluated by group status and gender to understand the association between coping and EF using Pearson correlation within each group.

Results

Gender (B = 8.6, p = 0.032), two coping (self-distraction (B = 2.3, p = 0.051) and humor (B = 1.9, p = 0.051)) and two EF (CWIT inhibition (B = 0.5, p = 0.007) and CWIT switching (B = 1.9, p = 0.006)) variables resulted in 85.4% overall classification accuracy. Correlations between these coping and EF, when evaluated by treatment group and gender, revealed significant gender-specific associations only among the relapse groups: self-distraction and CWIT inhibition (r = 0.379) in females and humor and CWIT inhibition (r = 0.242) in males.

Conclusion

Overall, EF and coping styles have independent predictive value for determining relapse risk in individuals with AUD. Poor EF skills may inhibit an individual’s ability to engage in appropriate coping during times of emotional distress. Understanding gender differences in relation to these dynamic relationships is essential for creating supportive and effective psychosocial interventions.
A - 23 Duration of COVID-19 Predicts Reports of Cognitive Symptoms
Authors: Burton Jonathan , Field Tiffany , Levin Leanne
Published: September 2024

Objective

Most individuals recover from COVID-19 within a few weeks; however, some develop chronic symptoms. COVID-19 can affect the brain, and some patients report cognitive issues. Symptom chronicity may be associated with a greater rate of cognitive complaints. This study examined the relationship between COVID-19 symptom duration and reported cognitive problems.

Method

An archival database was used for this study’s data analyses. United States residents were recruited through Qualtrics and surveyed on their COVID-19 experiences (N = 1918). 173 participants (42% female, 82% Caucasian/White) who reported active COVID-19 symptoms when completing the survey were included in the data analyses. Participants answered how long they had experienced COVID-19 symptoms (ordinal variable with seven levels) and a checklist of the symptoms they experienced, including five cognitive symptoms. Items were “Brain/mind fog,” “Difficulty Concentrating,” “Forgetfulness,” “Word finding problems,” and “Confusion.”

Results

Five logistic regressions were conducted with symptom duration as the predictor variable and reported cognitive symptoms as the dependent variables. COVID-19 symptom duration significantly predicted all self-reported cognitive issues. Symptom duration most strongly predicted forgetfulness, B = 0.39, SE = 0.11, Wald = 13.71, p < 0.001. The probability of reporting forgetfulness increased by 47% (Exp(B) = 1.47, 95%CI[1.20, 1.81]) per unit increase in symptom duration.

Conclusions

These results suggest that a longer duration of COVID-19 symptoms predicts cognitive complaints. As this is a cross-sectional database, directionality cannot be determined. Cognitive effects could derive from chronic illness or to other physiological and psychological changes in chronic COVID. Both possibilities imply that healthcare providers should consider cognitive symptoms when evaluating complaints of chronic COVID-19 patients.
A - 29 Support for Use of Cognitive Rehabilitation Strategies to Enhance Accessibility of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: a Qualitative Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Hernandez-Vallant Alexandra , Cruz-Dixon de Naila V , Hurlocker Margo C
Published: September 2024

Objective

Despite cognitive rehabilitation paradigms gaining support as adjunctive interventions to opioid use disorder treatments, limited research details strategies that medical providers who prescribe medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) employ to attend to patient cognitive limitations. We conducted a secondary data analysis to explore this gap in the literature.

Method

The parent study included individual interviews with 23 MOUD treatment providers from New Mexico and Washington state, and the interview guide centered barriers and facilitators to equitable implementation. A deductive thematic analysis was utilized to identify sources, solutions, and strategies that MOUD providers identified for patients experiencing cognitive impairments.

Results

Regarding sources of cognitive dysfunction, history of stroke, overdose, severe mental illness, and traumatic brain injury were emphasized. Low health literacy was also identified as a justification to modify approach. Strategies providers utilized fell under five subthemes: visual aids; communication (e.g., repetition; open questions); engaging caregivers; leveraging peer support; and increasing visit frequency. Though less common, some providers emphasized only focusing on substance use and safety.

Conclusions

There have been calls to better attend to cognitive functioning as a potential moderator of MOUD treatment outcomes; however, existing personalized care guidelines do not address this adequately. The present study revealed variability in clinical decision-making that may exacerbate health inequities among individuals seeking MOUD treatment –a population disproportionately impacted by social determinants of health (e.g., housing; access to healthcare; quality of education). Greater focus on equitable MOUD implementation is needed to explore methods of personalizing care for individuals seeking MOUD treatment presenting with cognitive dysfunction.
A - 32 The Patient Global Impression of Change—a Powerful Complimentary Tool for Assessing Improvement in Concussion Patients
Authors: Hungerford Lars , Remigio-Baker Rosemay , Bailie Jason , Ivins Brian , Lopez Juan , Ettenhofer Mark
Published: September 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which patient’s perspective of symptom improvement, as indexed by the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) survey, is associated with symptom improvement on common measures of neurobehavioral and mental health symptoms following concussion.

Methods

Data were from 474 US active duty service members in interdisciplinary treatment programs for TBI. PGIC rating (range = 1–7) was evaluated for compatibility in assessing improvement in or clinically-elevated neurobehavioral (using Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, NSI) and mental health (using Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, DSM-5, PCL-5 and Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-8) symptoms.

Results

Higher PGIC scores were related to a higher prevalence of a clinically-relevant decrease in NSI, PCL-5 or PHQ-8 scores. Participants with a PGIC rating of 3+ (vs. < 3) were about 2.2 (CI = 1.4–3.5), 1.6 (CI = 1.1–1.3), and 2.7 (CI = 1.4–5.1) times more likely to report a clinically-relevant decrease in NSI, PCL-5 and PHQ-8 symptoms, respectively.

Conclusion

PGIC may help providers incorporate patients’ perspectives on symptom improvement achieved during rehabilitation. An approach combining PGIC with surveys such as NSI, PCL-5 and PHQ-8 may provide a more comprehensive understanding of symptom improvement and realistic view of expectations for what would be deemed recovery to pre-injury symptom levels.
A - 36 Cognitive Impairments Linked to ADHD Severity and Insurance Gaps among U.S. Children
Authors: Nenni Jordan , Stuart Elizabeth M
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the presence and severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children in the United States, and to explore the relationship between ADHD, functional cognitive impairments, access to evidence-based treatments, and adequate health insurance.

Method

This study included children aged six to 17 (n = 34,109) from the 2022 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) representing diverse races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic statuses. Data was collected on ADHD diagnosis, severity, insurance coverage, medication/behavioral treatment, and cognitive impacts.

Results

Of the participants, 10.5% reported ADHD, with 4.4% reporting mild symptoms and 6% reporting moderate to severe symptoms. The more severe ADHD symptoms were, the greater impact on cognitive performance was noted χ2(2,N = 4772) = 705 p < 0.001; with mild ADHD rarely impacting cognition resid.(1,2) = −421. Only 13.9% of children with ADHD is currently covered by health insurance, and only 6.6% of children with ADHD have health insurance to cover their mental and/or behavioral health services. Of those insured, children with severe ADHD were more likely to have insufficient coverage χ2(8,N = 4642) = 362 p < 0.001; resid.(3.3) = −23.5.

Conclusions

The study revealed a considerable 10.5% of U.S. children currently have ADHD, with greater cognitive impacts revealed for children with greater severity of symptoms. Results also revealed critical disparities in ADHD management, and in turn their cognitive functioning. While 59.7% reported insurance always covered mental health needs, and 13.9% indicated inconsistent coverage, contributing to treatment gaps. This lack of coverage particularly affects children with moderate to severe ADHD, exacerbating cognitive impacts. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive ADHD care and improved, consistent mental health coverage.
A - 38 Impact of Working Memory and Processing Speed on Executive Function Performances in Youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disorder
Authors: Cichocki Anna , Kirsch Alexandra , Nicholson Laura
Published: September 2024

Objective

Executive function (EF) differences exist among children and adolescents with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disorders (ADHD+LD), relative to ADHD or LD alone. The impact of cognitive proficiency (i.e., working memory and processing speed) on EF is unclear across these diagnoses.

Method

This study investigated relations between cognitive proficiency and EF measures for 360 clinic-referred youth (ages 8–18) diagnosed with ADHD, LD, ADHD+LD, or No Diagnosis of ADHD/LD following neuropsychological evaluation. Two-way ANOVAs determined if WISC-V or WAIS-IV working memory (WMI) or processing speed (PSI) indices moderate the associations between group and D-KEFS performance (i.e., Color-Word Interference, Tower, Verbal Fluency, and Trail Making Tests).

Results

Results revealed significant interactions between group and WMI or PSI affecting D-KEFS Verbal Fluency Category Switching (F’s = 3.00–3.13, p’s = 0.026–0.031). Better performance on WMI or PSI was associated with better performance on Verbal Fluency Category Switching across groups, but this association was significantly less for ADHD+LD compared to other groups. Positive main effects were observed between WMI or PSI and all D-KEFS measures (F’s = 7.62–84.86, p’s < 0.006). Significant main effects were observed between group and D-KEFS Color-Word Interference Inhibition and Trails Number-Letter Sequencing (F’s = 2.95–3.77, p’s = 0.013–0.035), where No diagnosis performed better than other groups.

Conclusions

Overall, stronger working memory and processing speed may aid EFs for No diagnosis, ADHD, and LD youth, but not ADHD+LD youth. This may suggest an additive impact of a comorbid diagnosis leading to worse deficits in EFs and that stronger working memory and processing speed may be less protective for youth with comorbid diagnoses. Additional research is warranted.
A - 39 The Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs (PANESS) as a Predictor of ADHD
Authors: Eisenstat Lauren , Kheradbin Nusha , Paulos Stephanie
Published: September 2024

Objective

The Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs (PANESS) is a pediatric neuromotor exam. Prior research shows children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may exhibit neurological soft signs. This study investigates the predictability of PANESS performance on other ADHD measures.

Methods

Subjects included 52 children aged 8–16 seen clinically for evaluation at Austin Neuropsychology. Dependent variables included Digit Span (DS), Test of Everyday Attention (TeaCh), Conners Continuous Performance Test (CCPT-3), and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS). The raw scores of PANESS tasks were the independent variables.

Results

DS was significantly predicted by the foot tap (FT) (p = 0.017), foot heel-toe tap (FH) (p = 0.028), hand pat (HP) (p = 0.018), finger tap (FinT) (p < 0.001), and appose finger succession (AFS) (p = 0.012) tasks on the PANESS. The Category Fluency (CF) subtest on DKEFS Verbal Fluency was also significantly predicted by the FT (p = 0.043), FH (p < 0.001), hand pronate/supinate (HPS) (p = 0.003), FinT (p = 0.003), FA (p < 0.001) tasks. All PANESS tasks significantly predicted performance on Trial 2 of DKEFS Color-Word (FT: p = 0.012; FH: p = 0.015; HP: p = 0.002; HPS: p = 0.009; FinT: p = 0.003; FA: p = 0.002). The FA task was a significant predictor of all trials of CWI (T1: p < 0.001; T2: p = 0.002; T3: p < 0.001; T4: p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The PANESS predicts performance on some ADHD tasks, though not others. This finding prompts further investigation into how PANESS can be integrated into clinical settings to enhance ADHD diagnosis and understanding.
A - 42 Exploring Emotional Regulation Difficulties and Achievement-Oriented Parental Psychological Control as the Moderators of the Association between Academic Enablers and Academic Skills in Hispanic Adolescents
Authors: Chen Shiyuan , Demaray Michelle
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study explored how emotional regulation difficulties and parental psychological control (achievement-oriented) moderate the association between academic enablers (motivation, engagement, study skills, interpersonal skills) and academic skills (reading, writing, mathematics, critical thinking).

Method

Responses from 157 adolescents (average age = 12, 63% Hispanic, 46% female) using the Academic Competence Evaluation Scales, the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, and the Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control measure were analyzed using the PROCESS macro conditional analysis model 3 in R (Hayes, 2013).

Results

Results indicated that emotional regulation moderated the association between academic enablers and academic skills and that this moderation was further moderated by psychological control, F(7, 149) = 63.5, p < 0.00. Specifically, the academic enablers-skills association was stronger for adolescents experiencing higher emotional regulation difficulties and psychological control, Tb7 = 0.0046. Probing the interaction using a modified pick-a-point approach revealed that the conditional effect of the interaction between academic enablers and emotional regulation difficulties on academic skills was significant at the 84th percentile of psychological control, θXW → Y|(Z = 3.11) = 0.0076, p = 0.0075. Alternatively, probing the interaction using the Johnson-Neyman technique revealed that the conditional effect of the interaction between academic enablers and emotional regulation difficulties on academic skills was significant when parental psychological control was greater than or equal to 2.49.

Conclusions

The study highlights the importance of academic enablers in skill development, especially for adolescents who experience moderate to high emotional regulation difficulties and parental pressure to succeed. Targeted interventions to improve adolescents’ emotional regulation capabilities and lessen controlling parent–child dynamics could be crucial.
A - 44 Value of Repeat Neuropsychological Assessments in Children with Complex Birth and Neurological Injuries
Authors: Alexander Anaiya K , Culotta Stephanie O
Published: September 2024

Objective

Extremely low birth weight, in-utero insult, and PVL are associated with an array of neurodevelopmental complications. PVL is most common in very premature. Associated complications in this case study include diffuse demyelination, cerebellar atrophy, and arthrogryposis. Data from serial assessments reveal preservation of intelligence, decoding, and social skills. Implications for the role of repeat assessments in guiding education and intervention are discussed.

Method

The subject was an 18-year-old male with extremely low birth weight, in-utero insult, PVL, cerebellar atrophy, delayed myelination, and arthrogryposis. His presentation also included craniosynostosis. Three outpatient neuropsychological assessments were completed over eight years. Assessments included measures of intellectual, academic, neurocognitive, and emotional functions.

Results

Despite multiple physical and neurological impairments, assessments revealed preserved verbal and nonverbal intelligence, phonemic awareness, computation skills, and social cognition. Deficits were evident in processing speed, rapid naming, math fluency, word fluency, working memory, and executive functions. Academic strengths were evident in reading and written expression. Checklists revealed inattention and impulsivity with strengths in social cognition (See data tables).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates both variability in outcome following a complex birth history and neurological history and the value of repeat neuropsychological assessments. Assessment data was used to identify and build upon preserved skills and focus intervention strategies. Maintained verbal and nonverbal reasoning skills, in the context of strong social cognition, significantly contributed to progress, self-esteem, and future goals. Repeat neuropsychological assessment is well-suited for such cases. Access to such assessments is critical and should be regarded as medically necessary to guide intervention and promote positive outcomes.
A - 46 Relationship between Working Memory and Externalizing Behaviors in Children from a Clinical Population: an Exploration of the Role of Expressive Language
Authors: Zheng Le , Holmquist-Day Lori , Hakman Melissa , Shao Yi , Shepherd MaryAnn
Published: September 2024

Objective

Externalizing behaviors affect children’s functioning in different domains. Previous studies revealed the impact of working memory, mainly through its role in goal keeping, goal-related search, and response selection. This study explored the role of expressive language in the relationship between working memory and externalizing behaviors in children.

Method

The data were collected from 50 children at a private practice agency (male: 76%; Age M = 4.16, SD = 1.13). All participants were diagnosed with at least one neurodevelopmental disorder. Their index score on the Externalizing Problems from Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd Edition, index score on the Working Memory from Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, 5th Edition, and expressive language subscale score from Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd Edition were collected. A mediation analysis was performed.

Results

The mediation analysis results showed a significant indirect effect (B = −0.081, 95% CI [−0.172, −0.015]) of working memory on externalizing behaviors through expressive language. It suggested that poorer working memory was associated with less expressive language, which then resulted in more externalizing behaviors. The direct effect between working memory and externalizing behavior was statistically significant (B = −0.331, p < 0.001), indicating that expressive language only partially mediated the relationship between working memory and externalizing behaviors.

Conclusions

The study provided empirical support for the mediating effect of expresive langaguge on the relationship between working memory and externaizing behaviors in children from a clinical population. It informs that the use of evidence-based interventions on expressive langauge skills might potentially help address externalizing behaviors in children.
A - 49 The Role of the Tuberous Sclerosis Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders Checklist in Pediatric Neuropsychological Assessment: a Case Study
Authors: Tamura Kabrianna , Weiss Erica , Bronsteyn Diana , McGinley John , Stimmel Marnina , Facchini Ronda
Published: September 2024

Objective

The Tuberous Sclerosis Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TAND) checklist is a screening tool developed to assist in clarifying behavioral, psychiatric, neuropsychological, and psychosocial manifestations experienced by individuals with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). TSC is a multisystem disorder, impacting 1 in 6000 children annually, caused by mutations in the TSC1/TSC2 genes that results in tumor growth throughout the body associated with widespread adverse medical and neurological outcomes including cognition. We present the use of the TAND checklist in a child referred for cognitive evaluation in the context of TSC to explore its potential use within neuropsychological assessment.

Method

Eleven-year-old female with TSC, referred by neurology, was seen for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Comprehensive neuropsychological testing and completion of the TAND checklist with parent were completed.

Results

Evaluation revealed variable cognitive performances with strengths in fluid reasoning and relative weakness in working memory. Academic performances were low average with weakness in reading. Overall slowed and disrupted processing impacted performance across domains. TAND checklist helped elucidate parental report about cognitive and psychological difficulties.

Conclusions

This eleven-year-old girl’s profile was variable across domains, consistent with research findings that TSC is a multisystemic disorder presenting in widespread dysfunction. Implementing the TAND checklist was helpful in efficiently eliciting symptomology across domains from parent collateral informant, demonstrating its augmentative value to comprehensive neuropsychological assessment in children with TSC. This is an important next step in validating the TAND checklist in neuropsychological settings.
A - 52 The Impacts of Prior Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution on Cognitive Ability during Adolescence: a Systematic Review
Authors: Carter Emily , Cook Nathan
Published: September 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of prior exposure to outdoor air pollution on adolescent cognition. 36% of Americans live in counties with unhealthy air quality; this been tied to an increased risk of developing chronic conditions. Adolescent brains are still under development, potentially making them more susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution. It is important to understand whether exposure during this critical developmental period leads to cognitive disturbances later in life.

Data Selection

A total of 356 abstracts from PubMed were screened, based on the inclusion criteria: reported original data, published in English, conducted on human subjects, published in 2014–2024, assessed outdoor air pollution, outcome measure assessed cognition, and the outcome assessment was measured at Mage of 12–18. 12 studies met the inclusion criteria; the following data was extracted into a spreadsheet: sample size, mean age of participants, participant demographics, how the predictor and outcome variables were measured, and relationship between the predictor and outcome variables.

Data Synthesis

Out of the 12 studies, 6 cognitive domains were assessed. 8 studies found increased levels of air pollution was associated with worse cognitive outcomes, while 4 studies found no association.

Conclusions

Results suggest a possible link between outdoor air pollution and cognitive ability, although further research should be conducted. Currently, there is an age gap in the literature as this domain continues to be focused on infants and older-adults, but a limited amount is being conducted on adolescents. The importance of the developing adolescent brain must not be overlooked.
A - 53 Preliminary Psychometric Examination of Concussion Catastrophizing Scale (CCS), Self Report
Authors: Rasooly Tali , Ignacio Daniel , Vaughan Christopher , Babikian Talin , Chrisman Sara , Gioia Gerard
Published: September 2024

Objective

Pain catastrophizing is a maladaptive cognitive appraisal towards pain, where exaggerated negative schemas about pain are associated with greater likelihood of pain persisting (Chaves & Brown, 1987). We hypothesized that similar mechanisms might underlie the development of persistent concussion symptoms. We adapted a measure of pain catastrophizing to assess concussion symptom catastrophizing and examined its psychometric properties.

Method

Participants included 292 youth with diagnosed concussions, 57% female and mean age 14.5 years (SD 1.8) in the Care4Kids national study. First administration (T1) and second administration (T2) were about 1 and 3 months post-injury, respectively. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) – Child version was adapted with concussion symptoms, and named the Concussion Catastrophizing Scale (CCS).

Results

At T1, the original PCS three-dimension structure (Rumination, Magnification, and Helplessness) was supported with goodness of fit statistic as follows: χ2 (51) = 144.96, p 0.57, p < 0.001). Internal consistency reliability for the CCS Total score was strong (coefficient alpha =0.91). Test–retest reliability over the 2 month period was moderate (r = 0.45), moderated in part due to individual variability in recovery. At T2, significant decreases were found in the Total CCS score.

Conclusion(s)

Our results indicate preliminary support for the CCS-Child version as a measure of concussion symptoms catastrophizing in pediatric populations. Additional evidence of reliability and validity is needed prior to clinical use.
A - 54 Neuropsychological Functioning in Rare Chromosome Duplication: a Case Study
Authors: Schwartz Jenna , Harder Lana
Published: September 2024

Objective

The purpose of this case study is to examine the neuropsychological profile of a child who presents with a rare genetic presentation given that little is known about the significance of this genetic finding. This case study highlights the potential influence of genetic heritability, specifically chromosome duplication (Xq23 gain), and observed medical, neurological, and behavioral sequelae.

Method

This project includes the retrospective case review of a 10-year-old, left-handed African American male who was referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Medical history is significant for microcephaly, global developmental delay, dysmorphic features, short stature, feeding problems, and nocturnal enuresis. Brain-MRI initially revealed delayed myelination in the bilateral peritrigonal white matter and later showed an interhypothalamic lesion. EEG was significant for rare spike and wave in the left parietal region. Genetic testing revealed maternal inherited Xq23 gain of unclear clinical significance. He completed a neuropsychological evaluation including measures of intelligence, fine-motor skills, memory, academic achievement, and language. His mother completed standardized ratings of behavioral and adaptive functioning.

Results

The results revealed exceptionally low cognitive abilities and adaptive skills. Age equivalents for motor, language, adaptive, and academic skills were generally consistent with that of a four to five-year-old. Detailed data from the neuropsychological profile will be presented and discussed.

Conclusions

This case study demonstrates neuropsychological functioning in the context a poorly understood chromosome duplication (Xq23 gain) aiming to increase understanding of the potential cognitive phenotype and neurological manifestation of this rare presentation. This case highlights the important role of neuropsychological evaluation in clinical care and scientific exploration of rare conditions.
A - 55 Exploring the Impact of Parental Substance Use Problems and Behavior on Pre-Adolescent Cognitive Performance
Authors: Navarro Gabriella , Stinson Ashley , Shankula Chase , Lisdahl Krista
Published: September 2024

Objective

Adults with a parental history of substance use problems (PH+) exhibit deficits in verbal, language, visuomotor, visuospatial, and executive functioning skills. However, findings on whether PH+ affects cognition developmentally is limited. This study explored how PH+ relates to preadolescents’ cognitive performance while controlling for environmental parental factors.

Methods

We sampled 11,633 participants aged 8–11 (47.74% female) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study at baseline. The Family History Assessment evaluated PH+ of alcohol and other drug use problems, with scores ranging from 0–2 parents with problematic use (PH-, PH + 1, PH + 2). PH+ of alcohol (PHA+) and other drugs (PHD+) were assessed separately. The neurocognitive battery included the NIH Toolbox, RAVLT, and Matrix Reasoning. Parental factors assessed included prenatal substance exposure, family conflict, parental warmth, parental monitoring, and parental mental health history. Hierarchical linear mixed-effects models analyzed relationships between PHA+, PHD+, other parental variables of interest, and cognitive outcomes while controlling for demographics.

Results

PHA+ significantly predicted inhibitory control performance, with PHA + 1 youth performing better than PHA- youth (β = 0.71, p = 0.04), above and beyond other parental behaviors. Conversely, PHD + 1 youth scored lower on immediate (β = −0.3107, p = 0.02) and delayed (β = −3.58, p = 0.01) verbal memory recall, as well as visuospatial memory (β = −1.50, p = 0.003) compared to PHD- youth. Parental factors broadly predicted performance, with parental monitoring and prenatal exposure emerging as the most consistent predictors.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the complex relationship between PH+, environmental parental factors, and cognition among preadolescents. Future work should explore mechanisms linking parental behaviors to adolescent cognition, given these modifiable factors offer potential for intervention.