bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEORETICAL MECHANICS OF 6-DIMENSIONAL (6D) CENTRAL-FORCE MOTION WITH TANGENTIAL OSCILLATIONS.
Authors: Enaibe Edison A. , Erhieyovwe Akpata , Omosede Osafile E.
Published: August 2018

The relevance of the Central - force motion in the macroscopic and microscopic frames warrants a detailed study of the theoretical mechanics associated with it. So far, researchers have only considered central - force motion, as motion only in the translational and rotational elliptical plane with polar coordinates. However, the theoretical knowledge advanced by these researchers in line with this type of motion is scientifically restricted as several possibilities are equally applicable. In order to make the mechanics of a Central - force motion sufficiently meaningful, we have in this work extended the theory which has only been that of translational and rotational in the elliptical plane, by including fictitious radii and spin oscillations of the body about the axis of rotation. In this work, we used the methods of Newtonian mechanics to establish the new central-force field obeyed by the motion of a body, when the effect of spin oscillation is added. The new central-force field comprises of the radial accelerations, translational orbital angular velocity and the oscillating spin angular velocities. The energy conveyed in the spin oscillating phase increases as the orbital oscillating angles above or below the horizon of the elliptical plane is increased.
Children's misconceptions and conceptual change in Physics Education: the concept of light
Authors: Grigorovitch Alyona
Published: August 2018

The aim of this research project is to investigate the effect of a constructivist Â teaching strategy on 11-12 old children's understanding of light. It explores their understanding of the concept of light as an entity that is transmitted independently if the light source and the final receiver. The study was conducted in three phases: pre-test, teaching intervention, and post-test. The sample consisted of 120 children who were assigned to two groups. The children in the experimental group participated in activities which adopted a constructivist perspective, while the children in the control group participated in activities with the same objectives, but adopting an classical teaching perspective. A statistically significant difference was found, between the pre-test and the post-test, providing evidence for the effect of the constructivist strategy on facilitating children in create model for the concept of light.
SCREENING OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST Thielaviopsis spp-A DISEASE CAUSING PLANT FUNGUS
Authors: Rajan DR. Jenifer Solomon
Published: August 2018

Medicinal plants have been used in the prevention, treatment and cure disorders and diseases in ancient times and they provide abundant resources of antimicrobial compounds, has been used for centuries to inhibit the microbial growth. Diseases of medicinal plants were caused by the pathogenic microbes: especially fungi are common throughout the world. Microbial diseases of plants cause malfunctions such as disturb normal functions by degrading enzymes, toxin and growth substances, reduce the yield, survival capacity and resulting to death. In recent times, the medicinal plants were affected by exogenous, endogenous and microbial infections. The medicinal plant plant Argemone mexicana L. (Mexican poppy) is an annual exotic weed flora used for medicine in several countries throut the world and chosen for this study.This plant was frequently affected by many fungal pathogens. The present investigation focuses the isolation of frequent disease causing fungal pathogen(ThielaviopsisÂ spp)from infected leaves and their control measures by using herbal extracts(Acalypha indica ,Catharanthus roseusÂ  Â and Murraya koenigii Â ) via. Invitro approach.
Lorentz transformations via Pauli matrices
Authors: Ahsan Z. , Lopez-Bonilla J. , Man Tuladhar B.
Published: August 2018

We exhibit expressions, in terms of Pauli matrices, which directly generate Lorentz transformations in Minkowski space.
8-9 year old pupils' mental representations of light: teaching perspectives
Authors: Castro David , Rodriguez James
Published: August 2018

In several researches focused on representations of light that are children from 5 to 15 years found that these representations are often incompatible with the scientific model. 110 children participated in this research where we studied representations of children 8-9 years on the light. As a technique of research we chose the directive individual interview. The results of the research show that children of 8-9 years use different categories of representations for the light and they rarely recognize the light as a separate entity in the area, independent sources that produce it and the effects it causes during its spread.
Initial exploration of Hydrocarbon resources by Gravity Data: A Case Study in the South of Qom Province, Iran
Authors: Salimi Payam
Published: August 2018

Geophysical methods widely used in oil and gas exploration. Modeling of gravity data is used extensively to illustrate the geometry and interface between the sediments and bedrock. Which can help the salt dome, anticline folds, dome-shaped uplift of the continental platform and reef masses to be identified. There are various methods to illustrate the bedrock topography, and we will describe one of these methods in present paper. Using the upward continuation, we extract the residual gravity anomaly which in fact shows the local effect of bedrock gravity on the observed gravity. Then, according to the Oldenburg - Parker method, the residual gravity data are inversed and finally the 3D geometry the bedrock is illustrated. It should be noted that some software's like Surfer and Excel are used in this research but the program main code is written using Matlab programming.
RESPONSE OF YIELD AND ITS QUALITY OF SWEET PEPPER PLANT TO CERTAIN BIO-STIMULANTS UNDER TWO TYPES OF SALINITY
Authors: A.A Arafa , M.A Khafagy , A.M Abo-El Kheer , El-Banna M.F
Published: August 2018

Number of fruits and its fresh weight per plant were significantly increased under low salinity level of NaCl+CaCl2 in the early 4th picking and total yield. While, plants grown under NaCl salinity did not produced fruits in the early 4th pickings. However, increasing salinity levels caused a significant decrease in this respect. In addition, pre-soaking seeds in selected chemicals used at both levels caused a significant increase in sweet pepper fruits number and its fresh weight per plant (early 4th pickings and total yield) under non-saline conditions. Moreover, salicylic acid at 75 mg/L or ascorbic acid at 50 mg/L was more effective in this respect under non-saline or salinity conditions.

Ascorbic acid as well as total carbohydrates concentrations in sweet pepper fruits were increased significantly with increasing salinity levels. In addition, ascorbic acid and total carbohydrates concentrations were greatly increased in plants growing under NaCl followed by NaCl+CaCl2 and CaCl2 as compared to control. On the other hand, pre-soaking seeds in SA, AsA, toco and yeast extract at both levels increased ascorbic acid and total carbohydrates concentrations under non-saline or salinity conditions.Â  Furthermore, AsA at both levels or SA at 75 mg/L was more effective in this respect.

Total soluble solids (TSS %) were significantly increased under low salinity level (2000 mg/L), thereafer decreased with increasing salinity level to 4000 mg/L. In addition, the great reduction in TSS % occurred under NaCl at high salinity levels as compared with the other salinity type. Moreover, pre-soaking seeds in chemicals used at both levels increased TSS % under non-saline or saline conditions. Furthermore, SA at 75 mg/L or AsA at 50 mg/L was more effective in this respect.
RESPONSE OF CERTAIN PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN SWEET PEPPER LEAVES TO SOME BIO-STIMULANTS UNDER TWO TYPES OF SALINITY
Authors: A.A Arafa , M.A Khafagy , A.M Abo-El Kheer , El-Banna M.F
Published: August 2018

High salinity level of NaCl and CaCl2 (4000 mg/L) markedly increased whereas the low levels and its combination decreased electrolyte leakage percentage (E.L. %) in sweet pepper leaves as compared to the unstressed plants. In addition, application of all selected bio-regulators used at both applied levels, in most cases, alleviated the harmful effect of salinity on E.L. % especially ascorbic acid at 50 mg/L.

Relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic pigments were significantly increased thereafter decreased as salinity levels increased. In addition, CaCl2 at low level caused a great increase in RWC % followed by NaCl+CaCl2 and NaCl (2000 mg/L). While, pre-soaking seeds in both levels of the applied bio-stimulants caused a significant increase in RWC % and the photosynthetic pigments concentrations . In addition, AsA at 50 mg/L or SA at 75 mg/L was more effective in this respect as compared to the untreated plants.

Ascorbic acid, proline, total phenols as well as total soluble carbohydrates concentrations in sweet pepper shoot were increased with increasing salinity levels from 2000 to 4000 mg/L of all salinity types. In addition, NaCl led to a great increase followed by NaCl+CaCl2 and CaCl2 as compared to the unstressed plants. In addition, pre-soaking seeds in SA, AsA, tocopherol and yeast extract at both levels increased ascorbic acid, proline, total phenols as well as total soluble carbohydrates concentrations under saline conditions. Moreover, AsA at 50 mg/L or SA at 75 mg/L was more effective in this respect as compared with the other treatments
STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PLEUROTUS INDICA MUSHROOM
Authors: Pria S , Shanmugapriya O. N.
Published: August 2018

In this study, the nutritional values of dietary mushrooms-Pleurotus indica that are very popular among the cultivated mushrooms in India have been determined. P.indica is widely cultivated as it is rich in nutrients and its component. P.indica is useful in biomass production in commercial level as it contains proteins and minerals. In this study the value added biochemical compounds in P.indica were analyzed from cultures. The amount of total carotenoids, protein, vitamin, pigments and phenolic compounds were examined. P.indica extracts possessed great potential antibacterial activities against four bacterial strains with inhibition zones ranged 8-15mm and MICs values ranges from 25-40É¥g/mL. Thus, it could be suggested that the P.indica is useful biosystem for production of biochemical compounds possess an antimicrobial principles.
ISOLATION OF CELLULAR FATTY ACID DISTRIBUTED IN UNKNOWN RHIZOBIAL STRAINS
Authors: Pria S , Shanmugapriya O.N.
Published: August 2018

Fatty acid (UFA) biosynthesis is essential for the maintenance of membrane structure and function in many groups of anaerobic bacteria. In this study isolation of cellular fatty acid distributed in unknown rhizobial strains collected from five different soil samples by pour plate method using YEMA medium. The five soil sample are namely Klt 1, Alg 2,Bdl 3, Rf 4 and Mdk 5.The isolated rhizobial sample was identified based on morphological and biochemical characterization. Then the purified culture was mass multiplied and used for isolation of fatty acid. The fatty acid profile of five different rhizobial isolates were identified by GC and the result of fatty acid was totally seven fatty acids from Rhizobial isolates. Among them the Myrestic acid (C:14) were present all the isolates respectively.
Kinetics of Electron Exchange between Bromopyrogallol Red and Periodate Ion in Aqueous Acidic Medium
Authors: Myek Bako , Idris S. O , Adeyemo G.B , Iyun J. F
Published: August 2018

The kinetics of the electron transfer reaction between Bromopyrogallol (BPR2-) and periodate ion in aqueous acidic solution has been studied in the acid range 0.1 — 10-4 â‰¤ [H+] â‰¤ 2 — 10-4 mol dm-3, ionic strength 0.01 â‰¤ [I] â‰¤ 0.18 mol dm-3 (NaCl) and T = 29 ± 1.ºC. The reaction shows a first order dependence on reductant and half order on oxidant concentration respectively. It displayed an inverse dependence on the acid concentration of the reaction medium. The reaction conforms to the rate law:

-d[BPR2-]/dt = k2[BPR2-][IO4-]1/2[H+]-1/2

The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1. Added anions had no effect on the rate of the reaction. Spectroscopic investigation indicates that an intermediate complex is probably formed in the course of this reaction. The reaction is believed to proceed via the innersphere mechanistic pathway.
A study on Volumetric and Viscometric Properties for the Mixtures of DMF and Other Alcohols from Temperatures ranges 303.15K to 323.15K
Authors: Khan Md. Zaved Hossain , Uddin Md Helal , Islam Md Shahrul , Khan G.M Arifuzzaman , Muhit Md. Abdullah Al , Ferdaus Jannatul , Momin Md. Abdul , Rahman SK Shahinur
Published: August 2018

Densities, p, and viscosities, ?, of four binary systems: N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) + 1-propanol, DMF + 2-propanol, DMF + butanol and DMF + 1-pentanol have been measured at five different temperatures ranging form 303.15K to 323.15K at an interval of 5K. Excess molar volumes were found to be negative over the entire concentration ranges. The negative excess molar volume decreases with the increase of chain length of alcohol, the magnitude follows the order DMF+ 1-propanol >, + 2-propanol >, +butanol >, + 1-pentanol. The change of viscosity has been found to be sensitive to the chain length of alcohols. Excess viscosities and Grunberg- Nissan interaction parameters have been found to be positive for DMF + 1-propanol and DMF + 2-propanol systems, and negative for other two systems DMF + butanol and DMF + 1-pentanol. The thermodynamic energy of activation; such as, positive ?G#E each also compatible with the observation.
ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS AND GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR SOME FLOWERING AND VEGETATIVE TRAITS IN MAIZE USING THE DIALLEL CROSS METHOD
Authors: Abdel-Moneam Maamoun Ahmed , Sultan M.S. , Sadek S.E. , Shalof M.S.
Published: August 2018

A diallel cross among inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) with medium maturity and an evaluation to estimate the genetic parameters for days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant and ear heights, resistance to late wilt disease, ear position were carried out. Mean squares were significant for all of the studied traits. Hybrids mean squares were highly significant for the all studied traits under both planting dates and combined analysis, except days to 50% silking. Indicating that the hybrids performance differed from planting date to another. The highest negative heterosis effect was exhibited by cross P5XP2, P6 x P2, P2 x P6, P3 x P5and P3 x P6 over better parent, crosses P5 x P2 , P6 x P2 and P2 x P6 over mid- parents and crosses P5 x P1, P3 x P2 , P4 x P2 ,P5 x P2 , P6 x P2 , P2 x P6 , P3 x P5 and P3 x P6 over check varieties for tasseling date. For days to 50% silking showed that highest significant and negative heterotic effect was exhibited by crosses P6 x P1, P6 x P2, P2 x P6, P4 x P3 and P3 x P6 over mid- parents and all crosses had highly significant and negative heterosis over check varieties, the highest significant and negative heterotic effects were reported by P6 x P1, P6 x P2, P2 x P6, P4x P3 and P3 x P6 over mid- parents and, P3 x P2, P4 x P2 reciprocal, P5 x P2, P6 x P2 and P3 x P6 over check varieties, The highest significant and positive heterotic effect was exhibited by P3 x P5 and P4 x P3 (40.35 and 37.46%) over better-parent and mid-parents respectively, P4 x P2 (13.93%) highest negative significant heterotic effect over check varieties for plant height. For ear height cross P4—P3 showed maximum negative heterosis over check varieties. For resistance to late wilt disease results regarding significant for crosses P1 x P3,P3 x P1,P1 x P4 ,P4 x P1,P1—P5 and P5 x P1 (1.522%) over mid-parents , indicating that these crosses are the best combinations for resistance to late wilt disease. For ear position , 25 crosses show highly significant and negative heterosis over better-parent value for ear position ,P4 x P3 showed maximum negative heterosis over better-parent and over mid-parents . Seven crosses show highly significant and negative heterosis over check varieties value for ear position, P6 x P4 (-8.92%) showed maximum negative heterosis over check varieties. Heritability estimates in broad sense were generally higher at combined data. In the combined data percentage of heritability in the narrow sense for studied traits ranged from 20% for plant height to 46% for days to 50% tasseling or silking. Heritability estimates were low for plant and ear heights in narrow sense (20% and 28%) and the same in broad sense (29% and 38%), respectively. Heritability estimates in broad sense were medium (29% -64%) of all studied traits. Hence it could be concluded that these crosses may be useful for improving maize grain yield program.
EFFECT OF VAM FUNGI ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY IN SOLANUM SURATTENSE L.
Authors: Pria S , Shanmugapriya O.N.
Published: August 2018

In this study six fungal species were isolated from soil samples. Among the six species Glomus fasiculatum and Gigaspora marigarita noted in dominant level. So both are used as bioinoculant and were mass multiplied in onion plant by pot culture. After pot culture, biochemical and antibacterial activity were analysed from the treated plant Solanum surattense. In the phytochemical analysis falvonoids, tannins , terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins were noted. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Solanum surattenseÂ  against clinical isolates were analyzed and show the more activity noted in K.pneumoniae when compared with Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogens, E.coli respectively.
Transient solution of /G/1 with Second Optional Service Subject to Reneging during Vacation and Breakdown time
Authors: Vijay Suganya S
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we present a batch arrival non- Markovian queuing model with second optional service. Batches arrive in Poisson stream with mean arrival rate ?, such that all customers demand the first essential service, whereas only some of them demand the second "optional" service. We consider reneging to occur when the server is unavailable during the system breakdown or vacations periods. The time-dependent probability generating functions have been obtained in terms of their Laplace transforms and the corresponding steady state results have been derived explicitly. Also the mean queue length and the mean waiting time have been found explicitly.
New oil modified acrylic polymer for pH sensitive drug release: Experimental results and statistical analysis
Authors: Chattopadhyay Amit Kumar , Panja Nimai
Published: August 2018

We report results of an experimental study, complemented by detailed statistical analysis of the experimental data, on the development of a more effective control method of drug delivery using a pH sensitive acrylic polymer. New copolymers based on acrylic acid and fatty acid are constructed from dodecyl castor oil and a tercopolymer based on methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and acryl amide were prepared using this new approach. Water swelling characteristics of fatty acid, acrylic acid copolymer and tercopolymer respectively in acid and alkali solutions have been studied by a step-change method. The antibiotic drug cephalosporin and paracetamol have also been incorporated into the polymer blend through dissolution with the release of the antibiotic drug being evaluated in bacterial stain media and buffer solution. Our results show that the rate of release of paracetamol getss affected by the pH factor and also by the nature of polymer blend. Our experimental data have later been statistically analyzed to quantify the precise nature of polymer decay rates on the pH density of the relevant polymer solvents. The time evolution of the polymer decay rates indicate a marked transition from a linear to a strictly non-linear regime depending on the whether the chosen sample is a general copolymer (linear) or a tercopolymer (non-linear). Non-linear data extrapolation techniques have been used to make probabilistic predictions about the variation in weight percentages of retained polymers at all future times, thereby quantifying the degree of efficacy of the new method of drug delivery.
Diversity of Airborne fungal in Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Pria S , Jennifer S.
Published: August 2018

Airborne fungal spores constitute one of the important components of microbial population of ambient air. Aeromycological study was conducted for two years (January, 2012 to December, 2013) using Rotorod air sampler in the indoor air of certain residential dwellings in Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, India. During the present investigation, 15 fungal types were detected of which Trichoderma spores contributed highest concentration. Maximum concentration of fungal spores was observed in the month of August in 2012 and November in 2013 while minimum concentration was observed in the month of September in both years. Allergenically significant fungal spores responsible for serious health hazards were detected throughout the investigation period. Seasonal variation of airborne fungal spores was correlated with meteorological parameters.
Antimicrobial Screening of Euphorbia hirta L. and Pedalium murex L. - A Comparative Study
Authors: Rajan DR. Jenifer Solomon
Published: August 2018

Medicinal plants have been used for centuries as remedies for human diseases because they contain components of therapeutic value.Herbal medicine is still mainstay of about 75-80 % of the whole population, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability, better compatiability with the human body and fewer side effects.Euphorbia hirta (amman pacharisi) is a small perennial herb which belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae and it is used to treat bronchitic asthma, ameoboidal dysentry and laryngeal spasm.Pedalium murex (yanai nerunjil) is a much-branched annual herb. This belongs to the family of Pedaliaceae and is used to treat gonohorrea, urinary track infections and spermatohorrea.The present study is to compare the antibacterial and antifungal activity of aqueous and organic solvent leaf extracts of Euphorbia hirta and Pedalium murexThe antimicrobial assay is done by disc diffusion method []against bacterial species (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas liquefaciens and lcaligenes spp.) and fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus erythrocephalus and Fusarium spp.).
SENSITIVITY PATTERNS OF SOME FLOWERING PLANTS AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHI AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: Rajan DR. Jenifer Solomon
Published: August 2018

The medicinal plants have been collected form wild resources and only some species used in larger quantities are cultivated systematically. Many medicinal plants, which were ignored in the past years, but the number of plants still formed in the wild is progressively declining the medicinal value with this situation to acquiring from the wild sources in more important recent trends bening. Reported in cresingly the antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants from different parts of the world .On this basis, the present investigation was focused on the screening of antimicrobial properties ofAsystasia indica Asystasia gangetica Thunbergia alata  on selected Pathogenic bacteriaThe main objectives of this work use as follow To Screen the antimicrobial properties of these plants on selected micro organisms.To determine the effectiveness of inhibition on microbes by comparing its activity with known antibiotics.
Geosystems as an alternative to conventional coastal defense
Authors: Anton A.I. , Almazan J.L. , Lechuga A. , Pena J.M. De la
Published: August 2018

In recent decades, the increase in population on the coast, growth of erosion in many coastal stretches and the sea level rise, due to climate change, have led governments to invest more in protecting the coast. Geosystems have been shown as an alternative to conventional coastal structures because of cost reduction, efficiency of construction and speed of implementation. However this alternative leads to increase knowledge in their behavior, design and durability by the lack of suitable materials to withstand large storms, high diversity of non-standard methods or techniques and ease of degradation by vandalism.
Did a bi-polar multi-level oceanic oscillation cause the Little Ice Age and other high latitude climate extremes?
Authors: Johnson Robert G.
Published: August 2018

Variations of ice-rafted sand and sediment from deep-sea cores beneath the North Atlantic Drift imply 1500yr cycles of the Drift flow and its associated climate warmth in northern North Atlantic regions. The Drift cycle is part of a complex bi-polar oceanic oscillation. Central to the oscillation is the relatively higher sea surface salinity of the high-latitude Greenland Sea that enables the winter sinking of surface water to form North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). This drives the oscillation, and the NADW is replaced by water from the Drift. The oscillation causes climate extremes in both northern and southern high latitudes and is framed here in a sinusoidal model. The model is consistent with and may explain the early medieval climate optimum, the subsequent Little Ice Age, the recent record maximum area of Antarctic winter sea ice, and the related record low rate of Antarctic Bottom Water (ABW) formation. The negative feedback of lower salinity ABW entering the northern North Atlantic tends to inhibit NADW formation and the northward Drift flow. The positive feedback of warmer and higher salinity NADW mixing into the Southern Ocean around Antarctica tends to reduce sea ice formation and enhance the rate of ABW formation. Because of these feedbacks, the rate of NADW formation oscillates over a range less than a maximum without feedback, the rate of ABW formation oscillates over a range greater than a minimum without feedback, and the phase of NADW oscillation in the model leads the ABW oscillation by 375 years. The model predicts another northern North Atlantic climate optimum about 2500 AD. However, increases in penetration of the polar ocean by flow of Atlantic water in the process of replacing the sinking NADW suggest that an interval of extreme warmth in the northeastern North Atlantic may occur within decades. This penetration could result in the loss of perennial sea ice along the northern coast of Greenland. Much of the inferred increase of northward winter flow of northeastern North Atlantic water into the Greenland Sea in recent decades may be due to stronger NADW formation caused by greater salt contributions to the Drift from the Mediterranean outflow.
Phytochemical screening and anticancer activity of leaf extracts of Physalis minima
Authors: Krishna Kumar H. N. , Chauh Jyoti Bala
Published: August 2018

Physalis minima a medicinally important plant of the family Solanaceae has been screened for its anticancer activity. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars and terpenoids. Determination of total phenolic contents revealed that methanolic extract showed 78.3 mg/g of phenolic compounds. Evaluation of total flavonoid content showed 61.3 mg/g of flavonoid. It was found that the % viability of HeLa cell line & Hep2 cell line are 80% & 71.8% respectively. The percentage of growth inhibition of methanolic extract in SRB assay was found to be increase with increasing concentration against both HeLa and Hep2cell lines (68 and 58% respectively). The methanolic extract showed the strongest growth inhibitory effect on both HeLa and Hep2 cell lines (85 and 73% respectively) in MTT assay. Flavonoids have been isolated and purified from the methanolic leaf extract.
Development of High Quality No Fine Concrete
Authors: Devi Dr. G. Nandini
Published: August 2018

Natural sand is being extorted at an increasing rate. Construction industry is looking for an alternative material for sand and research is going on to find new innovative concrete. No fines concrete has been generally used for paving applications, other non-structural application, such as reinforced panels, acoustic, thermal and permeability properties because of its previous nature. In this work, 12.5mm size coarse aggregate is used in place of usually used 20mm size in no fine concrete with various mix ratio of cement and 12.5mm coarse aggregate. Specimens were casted and tested for its mechanical properties. Results are compared with M25 conventional concrete.
EFFECT OF RHIZOBIUM ON GROWTH OF DIFFERENT MUNGBEAN VARIETIES UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Arshad , Baber Raheel , Hyder Syed Ishtiaq , Sultan Tariq , Mahmood Imdad Ali , Ullah Kaleem
Published: August 2018

Excessive and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers may pose devastating effect on soil fertility and sustainable productivity. Bio-organic amendments improve soil fertility and sustainable crop productivity. Seeds of mungbean varieties i.e. NCM-2013, Chackwal-Mung 06, NM-11 and AZRI-06 were inoculated with rhizobium in saline soil. These inccilated miunngbean varieties were sown under artificially salinity developed soil (ECe= 5.0 dSm-1) using completely randomized design with three repeats for enhancement of growth. The experiment was conducted during July to September, 2015 in the Head House of Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were collected on germination, plant height, root length, fresh / dry weight and chlorophyll contents during experiment period. Ionic concentrations of P, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn were determined to compare the difference of edible quality in saline soil under the inoculation of seeds with rhizobium. Effect of biozote on germination, root length, fresh weight and dry weight was significant in all mung bean varieties: NCM-2013, Chakwal Mung-06, NM-II and AZRI-06 under salt stress conditions. Maximum germination (53%) was recorded by Chakwal Mung-06 followed by 51% by AZRI-06. The maximum root length (10.1 cm) was registered by NM-II. Fresh weight / plant was maximum (5.1 g) by AZRI-06. The maximum dry weight/plant (1.5 g) was recorded by AZRI-06. Maximum P% (0.14), Cu (4.83 ppm), Fe (179.3ppm), Mg (2.07ppm) and Zn (168.8ppm) of Chakwal Mung-06 with the use of rhizobium under salt stress by NM-11. Similar trend was also recorded in ionic concentration of P, Cu, Fe and Mg by NM-11 without rhizobium under salt stress conditions.. The saline soil affected the quality of mungbean showing the reduction under salt stress without rhizobium inoculation in ionic concentration. The results of ionic values showed that NM-11 attained the highest position following the AZRI-06. [3] and[8] reported same results regarding K and P of different crops under salt stress conditions.
Primary Soil Formation And Dynamics Of The Evolutional Transformation Of Minerals Under Action Of Living Matter
Authors: V. Mukhomorov , L Anikina , T Zvereva
Published: August 2018

We present the results of a comprehensive study of soil-forming processes under the influence of a long-term and end to end (7.5 years; twenty three vegetations) cultivating of the plants on initially lifeless mineral substrates (crushed granite, zeolite) under controlled conditions. The data were obtained under regulated conditions. It was shown that the higher plants (tomato, spring wheat) can actively participate in the pedogenesis process. We analyzed the evolutionary dynamics of the accumulation of organic matter and the dynamics of the biotic community. The result of the biogenic weathering minerals is decomposition of the rock, washing-out of the mineral elements, transformation of the minerals, formation of a secondary minerals and melkozem. We give consideration of the evolutionary dynamics of the chemical composition of plant tissues (roots, stems, leaves and reproductive organs). It was analyzed the percentage of the plant tissues the following chemical elements: P, S, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Si, Al, Mn, Zn. It was used the information approach for a quantitative analysis of the interrelation dynamics of changes in the chemical composition of the mineral substrates and chemical composition of plant tissues. The chemical composition of the mineral substrate evolutionary changes so that it is close to the information content of the plant root system. Studies processes of accumulation and transformation of the organic matter in the mineral substrate have shown that in a very short period of time under conditions of intense year-round cultivation of plants in the mineral substrates occur an intensive their enrichment by organic substance.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CASSIA SIEBERIANA L.SEED OIL
Authors: Warra A. A.
Published: August 2018

Oil was extracted from the seed of Cassia sieberiana Lusing soxhlet apparatus. The oil yield was 9.26±0.01% and the colour of the seed oil was dark yellow. The results of the physico-chemical analysis revealed the following; acid value, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, relative density and refractive index of 0.35±0.01 mgKOH/g , 135.60 ±0.10 gI2/100g, 235.62 ±0.01 mgKOH/g, 1.8 ±0.10meq H2O2 , 0.8185±0.00 (g/cm3) and 1.4415 ±5.77 respectively indicating the suitability of the seed oil for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF BOMBAX BUONOPOZENSE (RED SILK COTTON TREE) STEM-BACK
Authors: Edem B. E. , Khan M. E. , Ibok N. U.
Published: August 2018

Qualitative & quantitative phytochemical screening and proximate composition of Bombax buonopozense stem was investigated. Nine phytochemicals viz: - alkaloid, carbohydrate, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, protein, terpenoids, and oxalates were observed. Steroids and glycosides were below detectable limits. Quantitative phytochemical analysis indicated that alkaloid, flavonoid, phenols, tannins and saponins had values of 0.68 g, 0.09 g, 2.35 g, 1.41 g and 1.15 g respectively. The proximate analysis gave high percentage moisture content (55.30%). Carbohydrate and protein were of low values (1.04 % and 6.0% respectively). Ash content was found to be 15.30%, fiber (16.80%)All analyses wereper100g of crude sample.
CASE REPORT ON EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA- A RARE DISORDERS
Authors: Gottimuukula Dileepreddy , Chakinala Rakesh , Kagithapu Surender , Morishetty Yogi , Puchchakayala Goverdhan
Published: August 2018

Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare group of skin disorders which is characterized by extreme fragility of skin and mucous memberane, which leads to formation of blisters and skin lesions. It affects 1 out of every 50,000 live births. There is no specific treatment, daily wound care and pain management are the only available treatment options. Here we report a case of male neonate with epidermolysis bullosa and respiratory distress. The neonate was died due to severe respiratory distress.
Intelligent irrigation management in mountainous agriculture in AzerbaijanIntellectual
Authors: Aliyev RAE. Z.H.
Published: August 2018

: This article examines the current state of soil and water resources, farmland t.ch.i Azerbaijan Republic , the problem of progressive water and wind soil degradation , the need for the organization of agriculture , taking into account the introduction of automated control systems for irrigation using water saving technology and hardware equipment in it, the study of the characteristics and analysis of experience implementing measures to stabilize ecological and drainage system of agriculture in conditions of insufficient moisture areas in the country , as well as basic aspects of development of environmental reclamation approach balanced, rational use of a particular system of crop rotation and crop . taking into account the requirements of economic development and environmental management.
IMPACT OF MINERALFORMATION ON RESTORATION OF THE SOIL STRUCTURE IN NAKHCHIVAN AR AND GEOGRAPHICAL SPREADING LEGITIMACY.
Authors: Aliyev RAE. Z.H.
Published: August 2018

The silt fractions have a great impact in soil structural formation. If the soil forming rocks don't disturb, crush and weather, the soil forming processes on them occur weakly, the organic substances cause formation of the loamy stratums without completely turning. This mostly influences the initial soil forming layers. The reproduction minerals in these soils cause initial minerals majority by occurring weakly. If these processes occur quickly then they cause a gradual increase of the reproduction minerals and reduction of the initial minerals.

The heights of the zones where the geographical spreading of such stratums is situated depend on levels.
Biomonitoring and Inter-Annual Variation of Soil Mite (Acari) Diversity and Community Structure in Lamto Guinean Savannah (Co´te d'Ivoire) Submitted to Different Fire Regimes
Authors: N'dri K. Julien , Dosso Kanvaly , N'Dri Aya B. , N'Da Rodolphe Arnaud G. , Kone Mouhamadou , N'Golo A. Kone , Fabrice A. Seka , Pacome K. Pokou
Published: August 2018

The objective of the study conducted in the Lamto Guinean savannah situated at 165 km northwest of Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire consisted to assess the changes in soil mite abundance, diversity and community structure specific to the second fire cycle applied in 2015, as well as the inter-annual variation between the two fire cycles (2014 and 2015). Three study sites (Salty marigot, Plateau and North piste) were selected in shrub savannah, where on each, three adjacent stands of 100 m x 50 m formerly delimited were considered. The three fire regimes (early, mid-season, and late fire) were respectively applied on the three sites and stands. Thus, 135 soil cores (5 soil cores x 3 sampling periods x 3 fire regimes or stands x 3 sites) were used for mite extraction. 108 soil cores were taken at two upper layers (0-5 and 5-10 cm) for determination of the bulk density and water content. Whatever the fire regimes, the mean density of soil mites decreased after the fire application. The highest value of density was observed through the early fire (1,715 ± 327 ind.m-2) whereas the lowest value was recorded during the mid season fire (1,433 ± 153 ind.m-2). 41 species had been recorded along the three fire regimes and distributed as follows: early fire 34 species, mid season fire 20 species, and late fire 13 species. The mean species richness of soil mites changed significantly across the fire regimes, and reduced after the fire application, except for the mid season fire. The Simpson diversity index was significantly modified across the fire regimes, and increased after the fire application. Beyond to 24 specialist species, over 50% of the species observed before the burns were rediscovery after the fire application, and could explain this variation. The inter-annual variation of soil mites showed that the density (early fire, mid season fire, and late fire), mite richness (early fire), and diversity (early fire and late fire) increased whereas the mite richness (mid season fire and late fire), and diversity (mid season fire) decreased, respectively, during 2015-burn compared to the previous cycle (2014-burn). The rebound of soil mite parameters during the second fire cycle could be assigned (i) to litter and woody debris, which burn in a mosaic, reflecting local fire intensity, (ii) improving of stand complexity and canopy structure, and (iii) fire tolerance of mites.
The Effects to Trend the Suitable OS Platform
Authors: Aladdin Aso Mohammed , Bakir Yad N. , Saeed Sarwar I.
Published: August 2018

Technically, software is a part of electronic devices that is responsible for managing hardware. The signaling communication between hardware and software ultimately controls electronic devices, and is known as Operating System (OS). For the purpose of selecting the best platform for clients, users should study functionalities, securities, graphic interfaces and usability of the different OS platforms.  Therefore, this research focuses on choosing the suitable OS platform for user in academic and non-academic environments, according to demanding users’ companionability. It also explains the first type of OS which can be utilized openly. In addition to that, it concentrates on some general significant aspects that are useful for OS users.
THE EFFECT OF INTEREST AND FOREIGN EXHANGE RATE ON MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND BANKING SECTOR
Authors: DURMAZ Assist. Prof. Dr. Yakup , DÃœÅžÃœN ZeynepDerya , Alsu Dr. Erkan
Published: August 2018

Financial authorities can form economic policies based on the relationship between interest and exchange rates. However, their success on this subject is controversial. In this study, the effect of interest and exchange rates on macroeconomic performance and banking sector will be discussed. The purpose of the study, in this context, is to demonstrate the effects of the relationship between interest and exchange rate. This is really important in terms of revealing the power of financial authorities.
Credit Information Sharing and Credit Risk Reduction in Kenya Commercial Banks
Authors: Nasieku Tabitha , Ngugi Rosemary Wanjiku
Published: August 2018

Financial Institutions are in the business of mobilizing and lending to borrowers and they assume various kinds of financial risks in the process of mobilizing and lending financial resources.This Theoretical study reviewed the literature to investigate the relationship between credit of information sharing and credit risk reduction in Kenya commercial banks. The literature found that the lending policy is periodically reviewed to reflect the prevailing conditions thus loan characteristics, considers an applicant's bank statements thus borrowers characteristics and the credit collection policy thus lenders characteristics before credit is advanced. The study recommends that banks should incorporate credit information sharing to reduce credit risk.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORTGAGE FINANCE AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA
Authors: Nasieku Dr. Tabitha , Wanyonyi Ruth Munyite
Published: August 2018

Real estate investment plays a crucial role in providing employment opportunities, offering shelter to households, enhancing income distribution and alleviating poverty. One of the most important factors in real estate development, world over, is its financing. Unlike the developed countries that use stocks and bonds, financing of real estate developments in Kenya is predominantly through mortgage financing. This study will seek to find out the relationship between mortgage financing and real estate development in Kenya. This study will adopt an explanatory research design by review of the literature.
An explanation of the profitability and market power of marginalized microenterprises
Authors: RamÃ­rez Natanael , Mungaray Alejandro , Aguilar JosÃ© G. , Inzunza RamÃ³n
Published: August 2018

This paper analyzes the behavior of marginalized microenterprises under an imperfect competition framework, where said economic units are capable of fixing a price above their marginal costs which allows them to survive and even be profitable despite their typical operating conditions. To prove this, we use an econometric model that considers the Lerner index as a variable dependent on a set of qualitative variables previously classified in accordance to their area of influence. We conclude that these microenterprises are capable of being profitable and operate with market power through their advertising and sales strategies and the flexibility in their productive process. In any case the pricing power is highly influenced by the socioeconomic conditions of the market in which it operates.
Rhetoric of Political Repression in Nigerian Newspaper Reports: The Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective
Authors: Ezeifeka Chinwe
Published: August 2018

This paper explores the rhetoric of political repression in the Guardian newspaper reports of June and July 2008 Nigerian Union of Teachersâ€Ÿ (NUT) nationwide strike embarked upon to demand a special salary scale. It specifically focuses on language use in the newspaper reports on this issue as an indication of the media's seemingly transparent but inherently ideological reportage, projecting the â€œtruthâ€ of the political power elite and repressing the views of the less dominant whose interest the media supposedly champion. Using three theoretical perspectives, critical discourse analysis which takes the side of the less privileged to question the textual representations of the power elite; systemic functional grammar which studies the meaning relations residing in the systemic patterns of textual choices of language users; and argumentation theory used to determine the various appeals made in the reports to argue the case of the various stakeholders, the paper highlights the truism of the mediaâ€Ÿs apparent neutrality in their reports. The various forms of rhetoric, located in the unsaid, attribution to sources, manipulation of intertextual resources and gatekeeping ideology were among the strategies employed in the newspaper reportage. In a total of forty-six reports, spanning thirty-six days the strike lasted,it was found that the newspaper deliberately avoided an editorial on the strike thereby locating its ideology in the â€žunsaidâ€Ÿ. It also, in connivance with the dominant power elite, manipulated the wordings of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 using ad hoc argument and subtle persuasion to quash the demands of the NUT, thus exploiting intertextual resources (â€žthe already-saidâ€Ÿ) to support a suppressive regime. These representations portray the newspaperâ€Ÿs gate keeping-ideology â€“as partial and selective in its reports. It also implicates the newspaper as adopting the â€žideology of silenceâ€Ÿ and as reneging on its watchdog role as the champion of public interest.
18TH CENTURY URBANIZATION IN SOUTH INDIA AND TRANSFORMATION INTO BRITISH IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON URBAN SPACES OF BANGALORE
Authors: Anuradha V
Published: August 2018

The colonial structures that still stand today in India are the product of careful fabrication of British thought. The British government was afraid of what kind of legacy they would leave behind when exiting India in 1947. Today, years after the independence of India, one is still able to see such a legacy in stone: the colonial architecture and cities that are still in existence. The styles of architecture employed by the British Raj were systematically chosen, dependent on the location and utilization of a given city. The British were trying to consecrate their power through architectural representation. Trying to legitimize British rule, architects wanted to tie the architecture of the British with former Indian rulers, yet still create an effect of British grandeur. The examples illustrate that location and utilization were indeed crucial determinants of colonial style.