bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING STOICISM IN LEADERSHIP: A Comparison with Emotional Intelligence in Undergraduate Leadership Students
Authors: Brown Amy M. C. , Sowcik Matthew , Stedman Nicole L. P. , Bunch James C.
Published: March 2023

This study was the first to examine two related constructs within the context of leadership. Stoicism is an ancient philosophy offering practical advice for a virtuous and eudaemonic life. As a method to examine one’s emotional experiences (Sellars, 2006), leaders such as Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and Teddy Roosevelt (Aurelius, ca. 160 A.D., 2002) practiced Stoicism, yet mentions of it within the field of leadership research have been scant. Leadership academics contrast desirable emotional intelligence behaviors with Stoicism (Grewal & Salovey, 2005; Mayer et al., 2008). Regardless, these two constructs are both concerned with effectively managing emotions, practicing self-awareness, high levels of motivation, and sensitivity to the expression of emotion in others (Goleman, 2005; Pigliucci, 2017; Salzgeber, 2019).

Undergraduate students in a leadership minor (_N_ = 445) at a public university completed the Emotional and Social Competency Inventory - University and the Liverpool Stoicism Scale. Analysis included a description of assessment results, an examination or the relationship between variables and differences in participant’s scores based on race, gender, and age. Stoicism and emotional self-awareness showed a moderate, statistically significant negative correlation (_r_ = - 0.391, _p_ = .05). A low, statistically significant negative relationship was reported between stoicism and the relationship management competency of teamwork (p = .003, r = -.018), and a low statistically significant positive relationship between self-management competencies, adaptability (p = .043, r = .189) and emotional self-control (p = .039, r = .192). Student’s Stoicism scores were significantly correlated with gender (_t_(113) = 2.479; _p_ = .015, _d_ = .564).

The research findings provided baseline statistics for continued exploration of Stoicism within the context of leadership. Future research that better aligns with the original doctrines of the philosophy is recommended, particularly in the interest of leadership development.
A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY MULTI-DEGREE STUDY OF WORKFORCE AND LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES WITHIN POSTSECONDARY ACCREDITING ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Seemiller Corey , Rosch David M.
Published: March 2023

In conducting a multi-disciplinary, multi-degree study of all 83 higher education accrediting organizations in the United States and the 605 academic programs associated with them, our goal was to uncover patterns in the presence of leadership and general workforce competencies identified within the stated learning outcomes employed by these accrediting organizations. Our findings suggest strong variability across categories of leadership competence related to workforce competencies, where skills related to reasoning and communication were emphasized much more heavily than others such as intrapersonal development. These findings emerged across all postsecondary degree levels, from pre-baccalaureate to graduate programs, raising important questions for the leadership development of post-secondary students. Keywords: outcomes assessment, student leadership, professional development, leadership education, workforce development, competencies.

While colleges and universities often make the case that preparing students for future career success is critical, studies that examine the empirical support for the assertion curiously lag behind the advanced rhetoric. This paper will showcase research findings based on an analysis of 36,327 learning outcomes addressed within all 83 higher education accrediting organizations in the United States, representing 605 distinct postsecondary academic programs. Our goal was to uncover any patterns of emphasis in particular workforce and leadership competencies embedded within those learning outcomes and examine the extent to which those competencies are represented similarly across postsecondary degree levels.
INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT THROUGH LEARNER-CENTERED INSTRUCTION
Authors: Hill John C. , Hains Kristina D. , Hains Bryan J.
Published: March 2023

The ability to develop and employ competent leaders with a global understanding has and continues to be a major challenge facing today’s universities and professional workforce. To effectively lead within today’s globalized society, it is imperative that leadership skills and knowledge relevant to international contexts be included within the leadership development and educational process. Through conceptual discussion and specific examples, the authors will argue that utilizing learner-centered instruction techniques such as cultural experiences, learner-centered assignments, and international leadership immersion experiences are all important ways to disseminate important leadership skills and knowledge. Keywords: Global Leadership, International Immersion, International Leadership Experience, Leadership Development, Learner-Centered Instruction.
Predictive Analytics and Ship-Then-Shop Subscription
Authors: Choi W. Jason , Liu Qihong , Shin Jiwoong
Published: March 2023

This paper studies an emerging subscription model called ship-then-shop. Leveraging its predictive analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) capability, the ship-then-shop firm curates and ships a product to the consumer, after which the consumer shops (i.e., evaluates product fit and makes a purchase decision). The consumer first pays the up-front ship-then-shop subscription fee prior to observing product fit and then pays the product price afterward if the consumer decides to purchase. We investigate how the firm balances the subscription fee and product price to maximize its profit when consumers can showroom. A key finding is the ship-then-shop firm’s nonmonotonic surplus extraction strategy with respect to its prediction capability. As prediction capability increases, the firm first switches from ex ante to ex post surplus extraction (by lowering fees and raising prices). However, if the prediction capability increases further, the firm reverts to ex ante surplus extraction (by raising fees and capping prices). We also find that the ship-then-shop model is most profitable when (i) the prediction capability is advanced, (ii) the search friction in the market is large, or (iii) the product match potential is large. Finally, we show that the marginal return of AI capability on the firm’s profit decreases in search friction but increases in product match potential. Taken together, we provide managerially relevant insights to help guide the implementation of the innovative subscription model.

This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4723 .
Occlusal splints: the role and fabrication of stabilization splints
Authors: Mehta Shamir B , Banerji Subir
Published: March 2023

Occlusal splints are a useful adjunct in the management of temporomandibular disorders, bruxism and the protection of the natural or restored dentition. Along with a video to accompany the text, this article gives an overview of the role and fabrication of occlusal splints. Indications as well as the clinical and laboratory protocol required for the construction of a full-coverage, hard acrylic splint are covered, along with the current role of CAD/CAM. A video accompanies this article.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The ability to provide a full-coverage, hard acrylic splint will be useful in selected cases.
Acrylic dentures: fill the gap. Part 3: the most common acrylic denture cases
Authors: Heran Jasmeet , Leyssen Wouter , Walmsley AD
Published: March 2023

Acrylic partial dentures often do not receive the same attention to detail when being planned compared to cobalt–chromium prostheses. However, if a system of design is followed when planning acrylic dentures, retention, stability and support of the prostheses can be improved, increasing patient satisfaction. The aim of the third part of this series is to demonstrate how the design principles can be put into practice using a series of examples of the most common partially dentate situations encountered at the Birmingham Dental Hospital.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of the principles of denture design for mucosal-borne partial dentures as applied to cmmon saddle situations.
Extending the role of the dental professional in the management of non-melanoma skin cancer
Authors: Bradley Hannah , Carnegie David , Keys William
Published: March 2023

Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and regularly presents in the head and neck region. As a result, dental professionals are in a key position to identify suspected cases and provide an onward referral. The specialist management of these patients requires a team approach. Although surgery is the mainstay of treatment, radiotherapy may be employed as a definitive or adjuvant treatment modality. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, presentation and management of non-melanoma skin cancer as well as the interdisciplinary work between the restorative consultant and radiotherapy department to provide an innovative custom-made radiotherapy bolus.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To raise awareness of the presentation and management of non-melanoma skin cancer and the role of the restorative dentist within the multidisciplinary team.
An early years model of transformative leadership: Becoming a change agent
Authors: Laxton Debra , Horn Abi
Published: March 2023

In this article Debra Laxton and Abi Horn conclude the early years leadership series by looking at the combination of elements that are necessary in enabling early years educators to lead practice improvements and become agents of change.
Creating a positive impact for our planet
Authors: Celinska Angelica
Published: March 2023

Damien Saul, early childhood specialist at Bright Horizons, shares why he believes that letting children be children and having fun will help foster positive learning opportunities. The forest school approach is a great way to encourage holistic learning through play and exploration. Damien also tells us about the eco-schools programme that is being piloted in a group of nurseries.
Back to the future: reflections on being a junior doctor again
Authors: Rahman Anisur
Published: March 2023

The junior doctors' strike has meant that consultants and other senior colleagues went back to the wards to support them and to treat patients. Anisur Rahman reflects on his first day back on the wards and considers the implications of the strike and why it must be resolved quickly and fairly.
Comparison of the outcome after anterior cervical ossified posterior longitudinal ligament en bloc resection versus posterior total laminectomy and fusion in patients with ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cao Bing , Chen Jingxuan , Yuan Bo , Sun Yanqing , Zhou Shengyuan , Zhao Yin , Xu Zheng , Tang Yifan , Chen Xiongsheng
Published: March 2023

Aims

The optimal procedure for the treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of anterior cervical ossified posterior longitudinal ligament en bloc resection (ACOE) with posterior laminectomy and fusion with bone graft and internal fixation (PTLF) for the surgical management of patients with this condition.

Methods

Between July 2017 and July 2019, 40 patients with cervical OPLL were equally randomized to undergo surgery with an ACOE or a PTLF. The clinical and radiological results were compared between the two groups.

Results

The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and recovery rate in the ACOE group were significantly higher than those in the PTLF group during two years postoperatively, provided that the canal occupying ratio (COR) was > 50%, or the K-line was negative. There was no significant difference in JOA scores and rate of recovery between the two groups in those in whom the COR was < 50%, or the K-line was positive. There was no significant difference in the Cobb angle between C2 and C7, sagittal vertical axis, cervical range of motion (ROM), and complications between the two groups.

Conclusion

Compared with PTLF, ACOE is a preferred surgical approach for the surgical management of patients with cervical OPLL in that it offers a better therapeutic outcome when the COR is > 50%, or the K-line is negative, and it also preserves better cervical curvature and sagittal balance. The prognosis of ACOE is similar to that of PTLE when the COR is < 50%, or the K-line is positive.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(4):412–421.
Long-term functional outcome of secondary shoulder surgery in brachial plexus birth palsy patients
Authors: de Joode Stijn G. C. J. , Meijer Remco , Samijo Steven , Heymans Marion J. L. F. , Chen Neal , van Rhijn Lodewijk W. , Schotanus Martijn G. M.
Published: March 2023

Aims

Multiple secondary surgical procedures of the shoulder, such as soft-tissue releases, tendon transfers, and osteotomies, are described in brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) patients. The long-term functional outcomes of these procedures described in the literature are inconclusive. We aimed to analyze the literature looking for a consensus on treatment options.

Methods

A systematic literature search in healthcare databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, CINAHL, and Web of Science) was performed from January 2000 to July 2020, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane ROBINS-I risk of bias tool. Relevant trials studying BPBP with at least five years of follow-up and describing functional outcome were included.

Results

Of 5,941 studies, 19 were included after full-text screening. A total of 15 surgical techniques were described. All studies described an improvement in active external rotation (range 12° to 128°). A decrease in range of motion and Mallet score after long-term (five to 30 years) follow-up compared to short-term follow-up was seen in most studies.

Conclusion

The literature reveals that functional outcome increases after different secondary procedures, even in the long term. Due to the poor methodological quality of the included studies and the variations in indication for surgery and surgical techniques described, a consensus on the long-term functional outcome after secondary surgical procedures in BPBP patients cannot be made.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(4):455–464.
A Study on Consumer Purchase Behavior and Expected Taste in Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Ahn Jiwon , Lee Dongmin
Published: March 2023

This study investigates (1) the consumer characteristics of fresh-cut produce in Korea and (2) the expected taste of fresh-cut produce. To accomplish the first goal of this study, food purchase data from household panels collected by the Rural Development Administration from 2017 to 2020 were used. Further, an online survey was conducted about the expected taste regarding fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. The results revealed that younger consumers with more expenses on fresh fruits tend to buy more fresh-cut fruits. Similarly, younger consumers with more expenses on fresh vegetables and higher household incomes tend to purchase more fresh-cut vegetables. Furthermore, consumers expect more convenience from fresh-cut apples but less tastiness from fresh-cut apples than whole apples.
Dual-step reconstruction algorithm to improve microscopy resolution by deep learning
Authors: Deng Qisheng , Zhu Zece , Shu Xuewen
Published: March 2023

Deep learning plays an important role in the field of machine learning, which has been developed and used in a wide range of areas. Many deep-learning-based methods have been proposed to improve image resolution, most of which are based on image-to-image translation algorithms. The performance of neural networks used to achieve image translation always depends on the feature difference between input and output images. Therefore, these deep-learning-based methods sometimes do not have good performance when the feature differences between low-resolution and high-resolution images are too large. In this paper, we introduce a dual-step neural network algorithm to improve image resolution step by step. Compared with conventional deep-learning methods that use input and output images with huge differences for training, this algorithm learning from input and output images with fewer differences can improve the performance of neural networks. This method was used to reconstruct high-resolution images of fluorescence nanoparticles in cells.
Notes on Rayleigh scattering in lidar signals: erratum
Authors: Adam Mariana
Published: March 2023

In this erratum Eqs. (10) and (11) are corrected. Note that the routines created to perform the calculations were correct and thus, all the calculations in the paper [Appl. Opt. 51, 2135 (2012)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.51.002135] were correct.
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) use among household members for protection against mosquito bite in Mogadishu districts
Authors: Aweis Ahmed , Salad Abdinur A. , Araye Fathi A. , Ahmed Abdifatah M. , Wehlie Osman A. , Osman Ali Abdirahman , Akuku Isaiah Gumbe
Published: March 2023

Understanding long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) utilization is important in monitoring and quantifying the impact of past and current prevention and control efforts of malaria. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 409 households in Mogadishu, to estimate the LLIN use and assess barriers to its utilization. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, malaria-related knowledge, and the use of preventive measures. LLINs use was assessed using multivariable generalized estimating equations with adjustment for clustering of study participants within the same household. Out of 409 households only 155 (37.9%) owned LLINs. Out of 237 owned LLINs, 199 (84.0%) were used. Median household size being 6.0 (3.0), intra-household net accessibility was low, with one net (42.6%) frequent. Most nets were from mass distribution (55.7%) and obtained ‘12 months ago’. Un-partnered respondents (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.34, 95% CI 0.14, 0.82; p = 0.017) compared with partnered (married) respondents, large-sized household (adjusted OR 0.83, 96% CI 0.74–0.94; p = 0.002). There was marginal evidence of a greater odds of LLIN utilization among respondents knowledgeable of the correct cause of malaria, that is, mosquito bites (AOR 3.19, 95% CI 0.77, 13.2; p = 0.11) but was not statistically significant. Among households owning nets, most of the LLINs were hung the night prior to the survey (7.9% versus 98%) and was associated with greater marginal odds of utilization (p<0.001). Ownership of LLINs is insufficient in Mogadishu districts affecting household-level access and utilization. If this is not checked, this could weaken the progress made on malaria control efforts. LLIN utilization was modest and largely driven by recently acquired nets showing a desire to utilize them despite low coverage. These imply that mass and facility-based distribution, and awareness campaigns will remain relevant, but efforts for willingness-to-pay for LLINs should be strengthened to sustain coverage and replacements of worn-out nets.
Perceived coercion, perceived pressures and procedural justice arising from global lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review
Authors: Ranieri Veronica , Kamboj Sunjeev K. , Edwards Sarah J. L.
Published: March 2023

This aim of this scoping review is to map what is known about perceived coercion, perceived pressures and procedural justice within the context of the general population’s experience of ‘lockdowns’ imposed by governments worldwide in response to the increased transmission of COVID-19. Arksey & O’Malley’s (2005) framework for conducting scoping reviews was chosen. A sensitive search strategy was devised and conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the following search terms: (adherence OR acceptance OR agreement OR trust OR distrust OR compliance OR willing*) OR (perceived coerc* OR percept* coerc* OR pressure OR force OR influence OR control OR threat OR justice) AND (lockdown) AND (COVID OR SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19). The database search initially produced 41,628 articles to screen. A total of 40 articles were included in this review and the following five themes were identified from the studies: perceived acceptability and willingness to adhere to lockdown; perceived control during lockdown; perceived pressures arising from lockdown; perceived threat of sanction from others and the procedural (in)justice of lockdown. Our synthesis suggests that i) individuals experienced an initial willingness and tolerance of lockdown that lessened over time as perceptions of personal control decreased; ii) that social influences may pressure individuals to follow or break lockdown rules; and iii) that justifiability and proportionality together with individuals’ perceptions of harm from COVID-19 may impact the extent to which individuals adhere to lockdown. Furthermore, the review found an absence of information regarding specific individual characteristics and circumstances that increase the likelihood of experiencing perceived coercion and its related constructs and highlights a need for a better understanding of the cultural and socioeconomic factors affecting perceptions of, and adherence to, lockdown.
Chlamydial and gonorrheal neglected sexually transmitted diseases among Pacific Islanders of the Western Pacific Region—A narrative review and call to action
Authors: Auchus Isabella Catherine , Kama Mike , Bhuiyan Redwan Al-Karim , Brown Joelle , Dean Deborah
Published: March 2023

The Pacific Island countries of the Western Pacific Region have some of the highest rates of sexually transmittedChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaeinfections in the world. Despite this, there are few research studies that include Pacific Islanders. We conducted a narrative review of original research and surveys, including World Health Organization and Pacific Community reports, to determine the prevalence, management, and treatment ofC.trachomatisandN.gonorrhoeaecompared to HIV and syphilis from 1980 to 2022. Available epidemiologic data onC.trachomatisandN.gonorrhoeaeindicated an extremely high prevalence—approximately 30% and 13%, respectively—among Pacific Islanders during this timeframe. These neglected sexually transmitted infections represent a significant burden and health disparity. Robust epidemiologic research is needed to identify modifiable risk factors for designing interventions and control strategies. Appropriate policies along with regional and international advocacy and aid are required to improve reproductive health among these vulnerable, understudied populations to avert preventable infections and sequelae.
Identification of potential human pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors from natural products by molecular docking, MM/GBSA calculations, MD simulations, and ADMET analysis
Authors: Basnet Santosh , Ghimire Madhav Prasad , Lamichhane Tika Ram , Adhikari Rajendra , Adhikari Achyut
Published: March 2023

Human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA), which works as a catalyst for carbohydrate hydrolysis, is one of the viable targets to control type 2 diabetes. The inhibition of α-amylase lowers blood glucose levels and helps to alleviate hyperglycemia complications. Herein, we systematically screened the potential HPA inhibitors from a library of natural products by molecular modeling. The modeling encompasses molecular docking, MM/GBSA binding energy calculations, MD simulations, and ADMET analysis. This research identified newboulaside B, newboulaside A, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, and sasastilboside A as the top four potential HPA inhibitors from the library of natural products, whose Glide docking scores and MM/GBSA binding energies range from -9.191 to -11.366 kcal/mol and -19.38 to -77.95 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the simulation, among them, newboulaside B was found as the best HPA inhibitor. Throughout the simulation, with the deviation of 3Å (acarbose = 3Å), it interacted with ASP356, ASP300, ASP197, THR163, ARG161, ASP147, ALA106, and GLN63 via hydrogen bonding. Additionally, the comprehensive ADMET analysis revealed that it has good pharmacokinetic properties having not acutely toxic, moderately bioavailable, and non-inhibitor nature toward cytochrome P450. All the results suggest that newboulaside B might be a promising candidate for drug discovery against type 2 diabetes.
BatCount: A software program to count moving animals
Authors: Bentley Ian , Kuczynska Vona , Eddington Valerie M. , Armstrong Mike , Kloepper Laura N.
Published: March 2023

One of the biggest challenges with species conservation is collecting accurate and efficient information on population sizes, especially from species that are difficult to count. Bats worldwide are declining due to disease, habitat destruction, and climate change, and many species lack reliable population information to guide management decisions. Current approaches for estimating population sizes of bats in densely occupied colonies are time-intensive, may negatively impact the population due to disturbance, and/or have low accuracy. Research-based video tracking options are rarely used by conservation or management agencies for animal counting due to the perceived training and elevated operating costs. In this paper, we present BatCount, a free software program created in direct consultation with end-users designed to automatically count bats emerging from cave roosts (historical populations 20,000–250,000) with a streamlined and user-friendly interface. We report on the software package and provide performance metrics for different recording habitat conditions. Our analysis demonstrates that BatCount is an efficient and reliable option for counting bats in flight, with performance hundreds of times faster than manual counting, and has important implications for range- and species-wide population monitoring. Furthermore, this software can be extended to count any organisms moving across a camera including birds, mammals, fish or insects.
Estonian adverse events study for multimorbid patients using Estonian Trigger Tool (MUPETT—MUltimorbid Patients—Estonian Trigger Tool). Development of Estonian trigger tool for multimorbid patients. A study protocol for mixed-methods study
Authors: Kannukene Angela , Orrego Carola , Lember Margus , Uusküla Anneli , Põlluste Kaja
Published: March 2023

Introduction

It is widely recognized that providing healthcare may produce harm to the patient. Different approaches have been developed to measure the burden of adverse events (AEs) to plan and measure the effects of interventions. One of the most widely used instruments is the Trigger Tool, which has previously been modified to be used on various settings and translated into many languages.

Multimorbidity complicates care and may increase the number of AEs patients experience. Currently there is no instrument designed to measure AEs in multimorbid patients. In Estonia, there is currently no validated instrument to measure the burden of AEs.

Aims

The aim of this study will be evaluating the characteristics and ocurrence of AEs in multimorbid patients in hospitalised internal medicine patients of Estonia, and describes the development of a trigger tool for this purpose.

Methods and analysis

We will search for the evidence on measuring AEs in the population of multimorbid patients focusing on trigger tools, and synthesize the data. Data collection of the triggers from the literature will be followed by translating triggers from English to Estonian. An expert multidisciplinary panel will select the suitable triggers for this population. Trigger tool will be pre-tested to assess agreement among professionals and usability of the tool. Validation will be done using 90 medical records. A cross-sectional study in internal medicine departments of two Estonian tertiary care hospitals will be performed to identify the frequency and characteristics of AEs in 960 medical records. We will also provide preventability potential and influencing factors.

Dissemination

Results will be disseminated to healthcare providers and stakeholders at national and international conferences, and as a doctoral medical thesis.
Deciphering novel common gene signatures for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus by integrative analysis of transcriptomic profiles
Authors: Tyagi Neetu , Mehla Kusum , Gupta Dinesh
Published: March 2023

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are the two highly prevalent debilitating and sometimes life-threatening systemic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. The etiology and pathogenesis of RA and SLE are interconnected in several ways, with limited knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms. With the motivation to better understand shared biological mechanisms and determine novel therapeutic targets, we explored common molecular disease signatures by performing a meta-analysis of publicly available microarray gene expression datasets of RA and SLE. We performed an integrated, multi-cohort analysis of 1088 transcriptomic profiles from 14 independent studies to identify common gene signatures. We identified sixty-two genes common among RA and SLE, out of which fifty-nine genes (21 upregulated and 38 downregulated) had similar expression profiles in the diseases. However, antagonistic expression profiles were observed for ACVR2A, FAM135A, and MAPRE1 genes. Thirty genes common between RA and SLE were proposed as robust gene signatures, with persistent expression in all the studies and cell types. These gene signatures were found to be involved in innate as well as adaptive immune responses, bone development and growth. In conclusion, our analysis of multicohort and multiple microarray datasets would provide the basis for understanding the common mechanisms of pathogenesis and exploring these gene signatures for their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Dynamic evolution of urban infrastructure resilience and its spatial spillover effects: An empirical study from China
Authors: Wang Hao , Huang Zhiying , Liang Yanqing , Zhang Qingxi , Hu Shaoxiong , Cui Liye , An Xiangyun
Published: March 2023

Urban infrastructure resilience is an important perspective for measuring the development quality of resilient cities and an important way to measure the level of infrastructure development. This paper uses the kernel density estimation, exploratory spatial data analysis, and spatial econometric models to analyze the characteristics of dynamic evolution and the spillover effects of the infrastructure resilience levels in 283 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2010 to 2019. Our results are as follows. (1) The overall level of urban infrastructure resilience increased. The eastern region had a higher level than the national average. In contrast, the central, western and north-eastern regions had a slightly lower level than the national average. (2) The areas with high and higher resilience levels were mostly cities with more developed economic and social conditions in Eastern China. The areas below moderate resilience levels show a certain degree of clustering and mainly include some cities in Central, Western, and Northeast China. (3) The national level of urban infrastructure resilience shows significant spatial clustering characteristics, and the spatial pattern from coastal to inland regions presents a hotspot-subhotspot-subcoldspot-coldspot distribution. (4) There is a differential spatial spillover effect of national urban infrastructure resilience, which is gradually strengthened under the role of the economy, financial development, population agglomeration and government funding and weakened under the role of urbanization, market consumption and infrastructure investment. By exploring the dynamic evolution of infrastructure resilience in cities at the prefecture level and above and its spatial spillover effects, we provide a scientific basis for avoiding the siphoning effect among cities, improving the level of infrastructure resilience, and guiding the construction and development of resilient cities.
Association between prior tuberculosis disease and dysglycemia within an HIV-endemic, rural South African population
Authors: Castle Alison C. , Hoeppner Susanne S. , Magodoro Itai M. , Singh Urisha , Moosa Yumna , Bassett Ingrid V. , Wong Emily B. , Siedner Mark J. ,   on behalf of the Vukuzazi Study Team
Published: March 2023

Objective

Tuberculosis (TB) may predispose individuals to the development of diabetes. Such a relationship could have an outsized impact in high-prevalence TB settings. However, few studies have explored this relationship in populations heavily burdened by diabetes and TB.

Methods

We analyzed data from a community-based population cohort that enrolled adults in rural South Africa. Individuals were considered to have prior TB if they self-reported a history of TB treatment. We fitted sex-specific logistic regression models, adjusted for potential clinical and demographic confounders, to estimate relationships between dysglycemia (HBA1c ≥6.5%) and prior TB. Propensity score-matched cohorts accounted for the differential age distributions between comparator groups. We examined the interactions between sex, prior TB, and HIV status.

Results

In the analytic cohort (n = 17,593), the prevalence of prior TB was 13.8% among men and 10.7% among women. Dysglycemia was found in 9.1% of the population, and HIV prevalence was 34.0%. We found no difference in dysglycemia prevalence by prior TB (men OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.60–1.56: women OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.79–1.39). However, there was a qualitative interaction by HIV serostatus, such that among men without HIV, those with a history of TB had a greater prevalence of dysglycemia than those without prior TB (10.1% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.0077). An inverse relationship was observed among men living with HIV (prior TB 3.3% vs. no TB 7.3%, p = 0.0073).

Conclusions

Treated TB disease was not associated with dysglycemia in an HIV-endemic, rural South African population. However, we found a significant interaction between prior TB and HIV status among men, suggesting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms between the two infections that may impact glucose metabolism. Longitudinal studies are needed to better establish a causal effect and underlying mechanisms related to resolved TB, HIV, and diabetes.
Monitoring methaemoglobinaemia in birds using 5 μL of whole blood
Authors: Marks Clive A. , Trought Katherine , Brown Samantha , Arrow Jane , Hopkins Brian
Published: March 2023

Methaemoglobin (MetHb) forming compounds such as para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) have recently been adopted for the lethal control of a range of invasive carnivores and mustelids. Determining the relative hazard of these compounds to non-target bird species is an important component of ecological risks evaluation. Problematically, some potential non-target bird species may be as small as 10 g in body mass, thus placing limitations on blood volumes that can be routinely sampled. Accordingly, we developed methods to quantify markers of increasing methaemoglobinaemia at their point of collection that required only 5 μL of whole blood. A 3 μL blood aliquot is pipetted into a plastic micro-cuvette and placed in a custom made holder optically coupled to the Ocean Optics spectrometer, enabling absorbance for oxyhaemoglobin (HbO: 575 nm) and MetHb (630 nm) to be determined. Haemoglobin (HbFe2+), packed cell volume (PCV) and lactate (LAC) data were generated from the remaining 2 μL aliquot apportioned to biosensor strips for the Cera-Check® and Lactate Scout® point-of-care devices. After oral doses of PAPP, a methaemoglobinaemia absorbance index (MAI = absorbance 575 nm–absorbance 630 nm) was strongly and significantly associated with dose-dependent declines in HbFe2+ in 9 bird species. Quantifying dose-dependent responses to MetHb-forming agents at the point of sample collection avoids analytical and storage artifacts arising from sample degradation that appears to be a much greater problem in avian blood compared to mammalian blood.
Design considerations for a hierarchical semantic compositional framework for medical natural language understanding
Authors: Taira Ricky K. , Garlid Anders O. , Speier William
Published: March 2023

Medical natural language processing (NLP) systems are a key enabling technology for transforming Big Data from clinical report repositories to information used to support disease models and validate intervention methods. However, current medical NLP systems fall considerably short when faced with the task of logically interpreting clinical text. In this paper, we describe a framework inspired by mechanisms of human cognition in an attempt to jump the NLP performance curve. The design centers on a hierarchical semantic compositional model (HSCM), which provides an internal substrate for guiding the interpretation process. The paper describes insights from four key cognitive aspects: semantic memory, semantic composition, semantic activation, and hierarchical predictive coding. We discuss the design of a generative semantic model and an associated semantic parser used to transform a free-text sentence into a logical representation of its meaning. The paper discusses supportive and antagonistic arguments for the key features of the architecture as a long-term foundational framework.
A survival model for prognostic prediction based on ferroptosis-associated genes and the association with immune infiltration in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lu Yanyi , Yang Hua , Cao Yunliang , Wang Yunan , Wu Mengjia , He Bo , Xu Junzhu , Su Zixuan , Luo Wen , Liu Yuyang , Hu Wei
Published: March 2023

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is the primary pathological type of lung cancer with a less favorable prognosis. This study attempts to construct a ferroptosis-associated signature associated with overall survival (OS) that can predict the prognosis of LUSC and explore its relationship with immune infiltration. A 5 ferroptosis-associated gene model was constructed by LASSO-penalized regression analysis to predict the prognosis of patients with LUSC in the TCGA database and validated in the GEO and TCGA databases. Patients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups by the median value of the risk scores, and the former prognosis was significantly worse (P<0.001). Additionally, we found a certain association between the two risk groups and immune infiltration through CIBERSORT. Meanwhile, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and tumor tissue were used to perform functional analysis, which showed a significant association with leukocyte transendothelial migration pathways in the TCGA cohort. In addition, immune cell infiltration analysis confirmed that M2 macrophages were significantly highly expressed in the high-risk group. Overall, the model successfully established by ferroptosis-associated genes suggests that ferroptosis may be related to immune infiltration in LUSC.
Development of clinical prediction rule for the requirement of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) on endoscopic CBD stone clearance
Authors: Wongkanong Chote , Patumanond Jayanton , Ratanachu-ek Thawee , Junrungsee Sunhawit , Tantraworasin Apichat
Published: March 2023

Introduction

To develop a simplified scoring system for clinical prediction of difficulty in CBD stone removal to assist endoscopists working in resource-limited settings in deciding whether to proceed with an intervention or refer patients to a center capable of performing additional procedures and interventions.

Methods

This study included patients with CBD stones who underwent ERCP at Pattani Hospital between August 2017 and December 2021. Retrospective cohort data was collected and patients were categorized into two groups: bile duct stones successfully treated by endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy and extraction compared to the former method combined with EPLBD. We explored potential predictors using multivariable logistic regression. The chosen logistic coefficients were transformed into a scoring system based on risk with internal validation via bootstrapping procedure.

Results

Among the 155 patients who had successful endoscopic therapy for bile duct stones, there were 79 (50.97%) cases of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, EPLBD and extraction versus 76 (49.03%) cases without EPLBD. The factors used to derive a scoring system included the size of CBD stones >15 mm, the difference between the stone and distal CBD diameter >2mm, distal CBD arm length <36 mm and stone shape. The score-based model’s area under ROC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.93). For clinical use, the range of scores from 0 to 16, was divided into two subcategories based on CBD stone removal difficulty requiring EPLBD to derive the PPV. For scores <5 and ≥ 5, the PPV was 23.40 (p <0.001) and 93.44 (p <0.001) respectively. The Bootstrap sampling method indicated a prediction ability of 0.88 (AuROC, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94).

Conclusion

This scoring system has acceptable prediction performance in assisting endoscopists in their choice of stone removal procedure.
Operating characteristics of the factor flow networks in rural areas: A case study of a typical industrial town in China
Authors: Li Zhi
Published: March 2023

The networks of factor flows in rural areas are the main support for rural revitalization, which has become one of the research trends in rural geography. Taking a typical industrial town in China as an example, the study explored the operating characteristics of rural factor flow networks and the relations of multi-factor flows based on the social survey method and fine-grained flows data. Results showed that population flows, capital flows and policy flows increased significantly in rural areas. Thereinto, population flows, especially labor flows, mainly ran into the townships and industrial cluster villages, so did capital inflows and outflows, while policy flows ran around the township. The villages with dense population and capital flows formed the "central villages", which had exceeded the township in the two flow networks. Policy flows and capital flows played a guiding role in population flows, so did the policy flows on the capital flows. Meanwhile, the population flows and the capital flows could reinforce each other. In conclusion, a multi-center structure network with the separation of economic center and administrative center had been formed in rural areas. And there was a close interaction between these factor flows. Furthermore, the theoretical model of town-village symbiotic network was constructed.
Feline myocardial transcriptome in health and in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—A translational animal model for human disease
Authors: Joshua Jessica , Caswell Jeff , O’Sullivan M. Lynne , Wood Geoffrey , Fonfara Sonja
Published: March 2023

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in cats, characterized by primary left ventricular hypertrophy. Feline HCM closely resembles human HCM and is suggested as translational animal model for the human disease. A genetic cause is established in humans and suspected for cats, but little is known about the gene expression and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of HCM. To investigate the myocardial transcriptome changes in HCM, RNA sequencing was conducted on left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA) samples of healthy cats and cats with HCM (each n = 5; 20 samples). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to determine functional pathways, regulators, and networks. Distinct gene expression profiles were identified in the LV and LA of the feline healthy and HCM myocardium. Analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs (>2 fold; FDR < 0.01) found chamber-specific (LV vs. LA) expression in both healthy and HCM groups, with higher transcriptional activity in the LA. Genes that contribute to the distinct structure and function of each chamber in health and HCM were identified in the regional comparison. The gene expression profiles of HCM compared to healthy hearts revealed disease related genes, including THBS4 and KLHL33 (LV), FAM177B and THRSP (LA), the latter 3 have not been reported for the myocardium so far, as the top differently expressed genes in the HCM heart. Differently expressed genes and functional pathways found in the HCM heart are associated with cardiac remodeling and fibrosis, inflammation, microvascular changes, calcium signaling and cardiac metabolism, with some regional differences. RhoGDI-RhoGTPase signaling, integrin and ILK signaling pathways, the LXR/RXR pathway in the LA, and the PPARα/RXRα, HIF1α and CXCR4 pathways in the LV might be of particular importance in the HCM disease process. This study identified region-specific myocardial gene transcription patterns as well as novel genes and pathways associated with HCM.
Molecular characterization of Blastocystis subtypes in symptomatic patients from the southern region of Syria
Authors: Darwish Buthaina , Aboualchamat Ghalia , Al Nahhas Samar
Published: March 2023

Blastocystissp. is an enteric protist found in humans and a wide range of animal hosts. Genetic variations were established among the 38 different subtypes detected so far, 14 of which are commonly found in human and animal hosts. The aim of the present study is to estimate the prevalence of the commonBlastocystissubtypes and evaluate the possible correlation with several variables (gender, age, symptoms, domestic animals…), among patients from the southern region of Syria. Fecal samples were collected from individuals suffering from gastrointestinal complaints. Microscopic examination along with genotype analyses using seven pairs of subtype-specific primers was performed. Our results revealed the presence ofBlastocystissp. in 46 isolates out of the 60 samples microscopically studied (76.7%); single infection was detected in 24 isolates whereas co-infection with other protozoa was identified in 22 ones. Molecular detection targeting theSSU rRNAgene revealed a 100% positive presence ofBlastocystissp. in all the samples. Genotyping results detected the presence of five different subtypes (ST1-ST5) with varying proportions. However, ST1 was the dominant subtype observed (66.7%). Mixed subtype infections were found in 9 isolates (15%). Three samples remained undefined, nonetheless. Our statistical results showed no significant correlation betweenBlastocystisSTs infection and the different studied variables. In conclusion, this study provides the first genetic characterization ofBlastocystissubtypes prevalence in patients from the southern region of Syria. ST1 distribution was highly predominant. Further molecular studies are needed to estimate the prevalence ofBlastocystissp. infection in other regions in Syria and to understand the epidemiology and sources of transmission to humans.
Investigation of Fiber Optic-Based-Refractometer for Biogas Sensing
Authors: Thaisongkroh Phairin , Pullteap Saroj
Published: March 2023

In this study, a fiber-based refractometer (FOR) applied for biogas sensing has been investigated. Two types of fiber, single-mode (SMF) and multimode fiber (MMF) have been proposed as sensing elements. The research aims to investigate the spot and power attenuation of both fiber types in 4 main conditions; fiber cladding, de-cladding, compound coating, and biogas feeding. The experimental results showed that the spot diameters from both fiber types are constantly at 4 and 26 mm in any conditions. This causes the difference in core diameters and also the dispersion of light characteristics within the fibers. Moreover, when the sensing element has been modified by the following conditions, the results indicated that the output intensity has proportionally changed, according to the fiber modification and the concentration of biogas absorbed into the sensing element. Besides, the power attenuation from MMF is larger than SMF. This causes the length of fiber de-cladding and dispersion of light within the MMF can easily be induced by biogas feeding. Therefore, it can be concluded that the MMF is more suitable than SMF for employment as a sensing element of the fiber refractometer.