bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ligand-Regulated Expression of TNF Receptors 1 and 2 Determines Receptor-Mediated Functional Responses
Authors: Alshevskaya Alina , Koneva Olga , Belomestnova Irina , Lopatnikova Julia , Evsegneeva Irina , Zhukova Julia , Kireev Fedor , Karaulov Aleksander , Sennikov Sergey
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Modulating specific biological effects through the changes in cytokine receptors’ expression level remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the dose-dependent effect of TNF on the balance between proapoptotic and proliferation response depending on the parameters of TNFR1/2 expression density. Methods: Tumor cell lines (HEp-2, K-562, MCF-7, ZR-75/1, MOLT-4, IM-9, and Raji) were characterized for TNFR1/2 co-expression using flow cytometry and were studied to reveal the dose-dependent effect of rhTNF on cell cycle and apoptosis parameters. The associations among the studied parameters were estimated by correlation and regression analysis. Results: It was found for ZR-75/1 cells (the cell line characterized by high expression of both types) that a dose-dependent increase in expression of both types of TNF-α receptors on cells reduces the proliferative activity of cells. For MOLT-4 cells (which are characterized by lower expression), an increase in proliferative response of cells was positively associated with the percentage of both TNFR1+ and TNFR2+ cells. However, opposite effects on the cells were shown for the K-562 and MCF-7 lines having a similar expression profile. A similarity (a large percentage of double-positive cells) was revealed for the lines having similar effects (K-562 and ZR-75/1). Conclusions: High expression of TNF receptor type 1 is not always associated with predominant activation of proapoptotic pathways. However, in the case of simultaneous high expression of both types of receptors, the proportion of double-positive cells is crucial for the activation of either the proapoptotic or proliferation pathways.
Interleukin 6 and Development of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the General Population
Authors: Chia Yook Chin , Kieneker Lyanne M. , van Hassel Gaston , Binnenmars S. Heleen , Nolte Ilja M. , van Zanden Jelmer J. , van der Meer Peter , Navis Gerjan , Voors Adriaan A. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , De Borst Martin H. , Eisenga Michele F.
Published: June 2021

Background

The cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is poorly understood, and specific therapies are lacking. Previous studies suggested that inflammation plays a role in the development of HFpEF. Herein, we aimed to investigate in community‐dwelling individuals whether a higher plasma interleukin 6 (IL‐6) level is associated with an increased risk of developing new‐onset heart failure (HF) over time, and specifically HFpEF.

Methods and Results

We performed a case‐cohort study based on the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐Stage Disease) study, a prospective general population‐based cohort study. We included 961 participants, comprising 200 participants who developed HF and a random group of 761 controls. HF with reduced ejection fraction or HFpEF was defined on the basis of the left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤40% or >40%, respectively. In Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, IL‐6 levels were statistically significantly associated with the development of HF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02–1.61;
P
=0.03) after adjustment for key risk factors. Specifically, IL‐6 levels were significantly associated with the development of HFpEF (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16–2.19;
P
=0.004), whereas the association with HF with reduced ejection fraction was nonsignificant (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.75–1.47;
P
=0.77). In sensitivity analyses, defining HFpEF as left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%, IL‐6 levels were also significantly associated with the development of HFpEF (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.04–2.06;
P
=0.03) after adjustment for key risk factors.

Conclusions

IL‐6 is associated with new‐onset HFpEF in community‐dwelling individuals, independent of potential confounders. Our findings warrant further research to investigate whether IL‐6 might be a novel treatment target to prevent HFpEF.
Emergency Medical Services Responses to Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Suspected ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Los Angeles County
Authors: Rollman Jeffrey Eric , Kloner Robert A. , Bosson Nichole , Niemann James T. , Gausche‐Hill Marianne , Williams Michelle , Clare Christine , Tan Weiyi , Wang Xiaoyan , Shavelle David M. , Rafique Asim M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Public health emergencies may significantly impact emergency medical services responses to cardiovascular emergencies. We compared emergency medical services responses to out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and ST‐segment‒elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic to 2018 to 2019 and evaluated the impact of California's March 19, 2020 stay‐at‐home order.

Methods and Results

We conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional study using Los Angeles County emergency medical services registry data for adult patients with paramedic provider impression (PI) of OHCA or STEMI from February through May in 2018 to 2020. After March 19, 2020, weekly counts for PI‐OHCA were higher (173 versus 135; incidence rate ratios, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.19‒1.37;
P
<0.001) while PI‐STEMI were lower (57 versus 65; incidence rate ratios, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78‒0.97;
P
=0.02) compared with 2018 and 2019. After adjusting for seasonal variation in PI‐OHCA and decreased PI‐STEMI, the increase in PI‐OHCA observed after March 19, 2020 remained significant (
P
=0.02). The proportion of PI‐OHCA who received defibrillation (16% versus 23%; risk difference [RD], −6.91%; 95% CI, −9.55% to −4.26%;
P
<0.001) and had return of spontaneous circulation (17% versus 29%; RD, −11.98%; 95% CI, −14.76% to −9.18%;
P
<0.001) were lower after March 19 in 2020 compared with 2018 and 2019. There was also a significant increase in dead on arrival emergency medical services responses in 2020 compared with 2018 and 2019, starting around the time of the stay‐at‐home order (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Paramedics in Los Angeles County, CA responded to increased PI‐OHCA and decreased PI‐STEMI following the stay‐at‐home order. The increased PI‐OHCA was not fully explained by the reduction in PI‐STEMI. Field defibrillation and return of spontaneous circulation were lower. It is critical that public health messaging stress that emergency care should not be delayed.
Intracranial Recordings Demonstrate Both Cortical and Medial Temporal Lobe Engagement in Visual Search in Humans
Authors: Slama S. J. Katarina , Jimenez Richard , Saha Sujayam , King-Stephens David , Laxer Kenneth D. , Weber Peter B. , Endestad Tor , Ivanovic Jugoslav , Larsson Pål G. , Solbakk Anne-Kristin , Lin Jack J. , Knight Robert T.
Published: June 2021

Visual search is a fundamental human behavior, providing a gateway to understanding other sensory domains as well as the role of search in higher-order cognition. Search has been proposed to include two component processes: inefficient search (search) and efficient search (pop-out). According to extant research, these two processes map onto two separable neural systems located in the frontal and parietal association cortices. In this study, we use intracranial recordings from 23 participants to delineate the neural correlates of search and pop-out with an unprecedented combination of spatiotemporal resolution and coverage across cortical and subcortical structures. First, we demonstrate a role for the medial temporal lobe in visual search, on par with engagement in frontal and parietal association cortex. Second, we show a gradient of increasing engagement over anatomical space from dorsal to ventral lateral frontal cortex. Third, we confirm previous intracranial work demonstrating nearly complete overlap in neural engagement across cortical regions in search and pop-out. We further demonstrate pop-out selectivity, manifesting as activity increase in pop-out as compared to search, in a distributed set of sites including frontal cortex. This result is at odds with the view that pop-out is implemented in low-level visual cortex or parietal cortex alone. Finally, we affirm a central role for the right lateral frontal cortex in search.
A Potential Role for Reinforcement Learning in Speech Production
Authors: Parrell Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Reinforcement learning, the ability to change motor behavior based on external reward, has been suggested to play a critical role in early stages of speech motor development and is widely used in clinical rehabilitation for speech motor disorders. However, no current evidence exists that demonstrates the capability of reinforcement to drive changes in human speech behavior. Speech provides a unique test of the universality of reinforcement learning across motor domains: Speech is a complex, high-dimensional motor task whose goals do not specify a task to be performed in the environment but ultimately must be self-generated by each speaker such that they are understood by those around them. Across four experiments, we examine whether reinforcement learning alone is sufficient to drive changes in speech behavior and parametrically test two features known to affect reinforcement learning in reaching: how informative the reinforcement signal is as well as the availability of sensory feedback about the outcomes of one's motor behavior. We show that learning does occur and is more likely when participants receive auditory feedback that gives an implicit target for production, although they do not explicitly imitate that target. Contrary to results from upper limb control, masking feedback about movement outcomes has no effect on speech learning. Together, our results suggest a potential role for reinforcement learning in speech but that it likely operates differently than in other motor domains.
On the Need for Theoretically Guided Approaches to Possible Bilingual Advantages: An Evaluation of the Potential Loci in the Language and Executive Control Systems
Authors: Blanco-Elorrieta Esti , Caramazza Alfonso
Published: June 2021

Whether a cognitive advantage exists for bilingual individuals has been the source of heated debate in the last decade. While empirical evidence putatively in favor of or against this alleged advantage has been frequently discussed, the potential sources of enhanced cognitive control in bilinguals have only been broadly declared, with no mechanistic elaboration of where, why, and how this purported link between bilingualism and enhanced language control develops, and how this enhancement transfers to, and subsequently improves, general executive function. Here, we evaluate different potential sources for a bilingual advantage and develop the assumptions one would have to make about the language processing system to be consistent with each of these notions. Subsequently, we delineate the limitations in the generalizations from language to overall executive function, and characterize where these advantages could be identified if there were to be any. Ultimately, we conclude that in order to make significant progress in this area, it is necessary to look for advantages in theoretically motivated areas, and that in the absence of clear theories as to the source, transfer, and target processes that could lead to potential advantages, an inconsistent body of results will follow, making the whole pursuit of a bilingual advantage moot.
Six new species of Maesa (Primulaceae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: SUMANON PIRADA , EISERHARDT WOLF L. , BALSLEV HENRIK , UTTERIDGE TIMOTHY M.A.
Published: June 2021

Six new species of Maesa (Primulaceae-Maesoideae) from Papua New Guinea, namely M. angustibracteolata, M. aurulenta, M. brassii, M. oblanceolatifolia, M. pusilliflora and M. prolatifructa are described and illustrated based on observations from herbarium specimens; the taxonomic affinities of each species are also discussed.
Stropharia lignicola (Strophariaceae, Agaricales), a new species with acanthocytes in the hymenium from China
Authors: TIAN ENJING , GAO CHONGHUA , XIE XIAOMEI , ZHENG YUAN
Published: June 2021

A new mushroom species from Hunnan province in China, Stropharia lignicola, is described. S. lignicola is distinguished from other species of Stropharia by its greyish yellow pileus, white stipe with recurved yellowish squamules, presence of acanthocytes in the hymenium, and association with decaying fallen wood or stumps of a hardwood species, Tilia sp. The phylogenetic analyses were based on ITS and 28S. An illustrated description of S. lignicola is provided along with a key to the Stropharia species found in China.
The millipede genus Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)
Authors: ASWATHY MATHILAKATH DASAN , GOLOVATCH SERGEI I. , SUDHIKUMAR AMBALAPARAMBIL VASU
Published: June 2021

Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932 is briefly redescribed, rediagnosed, and shown to be an oligotypic genus endemic to southern India and distinct from the particularly similar genus Pyrgodesmus Pocock, 1892, monobasic and endemic to Sri Lanka, by several important features of peripheral and, especially, gonopodal structure. A new species, Klimakodesmus bilobocaudatus sp. nov., is described from Kerala state, India, differing from the sole accepted, and type species K. gravelyi Carl, 1932, from Tamil Nadu state, primarily by the laterally trilobate paraterga, the caudally more deeply bilobate mid-dorsal keel on ring 19, and certain minor details of the gonopodal structure.
Physical-Chemical Properties and Engine Performance of Blends of Biofuels with Gasoline
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Wang Zhiwei , Lei Tingzhou , Gupta Ashwani K.
Published: June 2021

Addition of 10 vol% biomass-based methyl levulinate (ML), ethyl levulinate (EL), butyl levulinate (BL), gamma-valerolactone (GVL), dimethyl carbonate (DimC), and diethyl carbonate (DieC) in gasoline were selected as blended fuels. Physical-chemical properties of six different blends
of biofuels and gasoline, including miscibility, octane number, distillation, vapor pressure, unwashed gum content, solvent washed gum content, copper corrosiveness, water content, mechanical admixtures, and lower heating value was evaluated according to the China National Standards. Blended
fuels were then evaluated on the performance and emissions of a gasoline test engine without any modification. The results showed that all biomass-based fuels at 10 vol% have good miscibility in gasoline at temperatures of –30 to 30 °C. Experiments were performed at 4500 rpm engine
speed at different engine loads (from 10% to 100% in 10% intervals). Results showed slightly lower engine power at different loads with the blended fuels than those from gasoline fuelled engine. However, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) with the blended fuels was slightly higher
than that from gasoline. Emission of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (THC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) was reduced significantly from the blended fuels compared to gasoline while carbon dioxide (CO2) emission was slightly higher than that from
gasoline. The data suggests that 10 vol% addition of biomass-based levulinates and carbonates fuels to gasoline is suitable for use in gasoline engines.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles via Phormidium sp. nov. (Cyanophyceae): Amelioration, Characterization and Assessment of the Antibacterial Potential Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: El-Semary Nermin A. , Mabrouk Mona , Faraag Ahmed H. , Kilany Mona , Omran Shymaa H. , Ghramh Hamed A. , Alshehri Ali , Ibrahim Essam H. , Morsy Kareem , El-Kott Attalla F. , Sayed Mahmoud A. , El Sayed Yousef
Published: June 2021

The use and manufacturing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have recently received considerable attention in many fields. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes infectious diseases in humans. Therefore, the aim of this work was to bio-synthesize AgNPs using the
cyanobacteria Phormidium sp. extract and to use this extract with AgNPs to kill MRSA. Extracellular bio-formation of AgNPs by Phormidium sp. was scrutinized at various pH points and temperatures. Then, characterization and assessment of the antimicrobial power of the produced
particles were performed. Extract and extract + AgNPs were screened using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The manufacturing and fastness of AgNPs were monitored visually (by color change) and spectroscopically. FT-IR analysis uncovered the biomolecules
in the extract that caused the reduction of silver ions, protected them from aggregation and supplied them with high stability. Results indicated that AgNPs are spheres of 9 nm diameter. AgNPs combined with the extract proved to be a powerful antibacterial factor against MRSA. Consequently,
biosynthesis of silver nano-spheres using Phormidium sp. with high antagonistic potency against MRSA is considered as an eco-friendly, time-saving strategy and with potential medicinal significance.
Effect of Asphaltene on Threshold Pressure Gradient of Heavy Oil in Porous Media
Authors: Li Guishan , Xin Xiankang , Yu Gaoming , Gu Yadi , Wu Qiong , Zhou Wensheng , Liu Chen
Published: June 2021

Many studies have shown that heavy oil with high asphaltene content has a yield stress. Coupled with the solid-liquid interaction between porous media and heavy oil, there is a threshold pressure gradient when heavy oil flows in porous media. Meanwhile, some previous research has indicated
that the high viscosity of heavy oil is the decisive factor for its threshold pressure gradient. Hence, this concept needs more clarification, especially because its accuracy is questionable. In this research, different oil samples with the same viscosity and also different asphaltene contents
heavy oil samples were prepared. The viscosity of the different heavy oil samples was measured. Threshold pressure gradient experiments under different permeabilities and temperatures were also conducted on heavy oils. The results proved that the viscosity was not directly related to threshold
pressure gradient of heavy oil. They also suggested that the heavy oil viscosity increased with the increase of asphaltene content. Moreover, the formula of the factors affecting threshold pressure gradient was regressed, and also its applicability was verified. As the temperature and core
permeability increase, the threshold pressure gradient was also proven to decrease significantly. Furthermore, it was found that the threshold pressure gradient increased significantly with the increase of asphaltene content. Therefore, the heavy oil threshold pressure gradient could be characterized
as a function of temperature, permeability, and asphaltene content. This study provided some theoretical support for the research attempts on the reduction of threshold pressure gradient and also on the effective development of heavy oil reservoirs.
Modified TiO2Structures with Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Wang Jinqi , Li Guopeng , Wang Wei , Li Fuxia , Yang Chuankai , Wang Yao , Zhang Miaorong , Tang Jianguo
Published: June 2021

Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants has attracted much attention because it can effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution. SiO2@Eu(TTA)3phen@TiO2 core-shell structures were successfully synthesized for the first time by a solvothermal
method involving ultrasound assistance which can optimize the rare earth complex dispersibility and achieve strong emission intensity. SiO2@Eu3+@TiO2 core-shell structures were also successfully synthesized by a similar method. Photocatalytic activity analysis
showed that the photocatalytic activity factor not only depended on the rare earth ion content, but also related to the structure and size of the TiO2 nanoparticles. Photocatalytic activity increased first and then decreased with the quantity of rare earth ions. Photocatalytic activity
was also superior for hollow structures compared to solid structure. Photocatalytic activity of SiO2@TiO2 particles increased with the particle size, until the size increased to 450 nm. Rare earth ions content as well as particle structures and sizes affected efficiency
for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Outstanding photocatalytic activity provides the composite particles with improved potential to purify aquatic contaminants and to meet the demands of future environmental remediation applications.
Detection of Key Proteins in Obstetric Preeclampsia by Nanocomposites Using Gold Nanoparticles/ DNA/Methylene Blue
Authors: Xie Haoran , Xu Shanshan , Sang Lin , Du Shihua , Zhu Fengqin
Published: June 2021

As a nuclear transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) can be used in gene transcription regulation, apoptosis regulation, immune response and other life activities. However, the biological characteristics of CREB are controlled by its phosphorylation level.
The surface of gold electrode is modified by DNA sequence of capture probe containing specific and high affinity binding sites of CREB. Then, the methylene blue (MB) solution is added into the gold nanoparticle/DNA complex. The composite nanomaterials, namely gold nanoparticles/DNA/MB, are
obtained by inserting MB into DNA molecules. The nanomaterials are used as signal markers, and the phosphorylation sites are specifically labeled by Zr4+-mediated nanocomposite beacons. It is used to detect the phosphorylation level of CREB in placenta of preeclampsia pregnant women.
In the experiment, the phosphorylated CREB can be fully modified on the surface of gold nanoprobe electrode after incubating for 130 min. The optimal incubation time between nanocomposite beacon and targeted protein electrode is 60 min. Based on this method, the development trend of CREB phosphorylation
level is obtained. Comparing the phosphorylation level of CREB in preeclampsia pregnant women and normal pregnant women, it can be seen that the phosphorylation level of CREB in preeclampsia pregnant women is significantly increased. The designed nanocomposites have good sensitivity and specificity
for the phosphorylation level of CREB, which can help to analyze and study the protein phosphorylation level of patients under physiological and pathological conditions.
Preparation of Fe–Zn Alloy Biomaterials and Its Effect on Anxiety and Depression of Patients with Coronary Disease After Treatment
Authors: Wang Ge , Zhang Lan , Liang Guodong , Cao Zhicheng , Tang Qisheng
Published: June 2021

Relieving anxiety and depression after coronary heart disease surgery is a difficult challenge, and music electroacupuncture can reduce the negative impact of postoperative anxiety and depression on patients. In the study, first, biodegradable materials are studied, the Fe–Zn
alloys with different Zn content are prepared by electroforming, and the composition of the electroforming alloy is controlled by changing the composition of the electroforming solution. Because the plant fiber is cheap, and as a reinforcing material, it can endow the composite material with
complete degradation properties, Fe–Zn alloy/fiber composite biomaterials are generated in the study. In the experiment, the tensile modulus of the composite is tested first, mahogany wood is selected as the comparative material of the instrument panel, and the feasibility of the material
prepared in this research is tested as a music electroacupuncture, and then it is used in the operation of patients with coronary heart disease. The results show that the content of Zn in the electrocasting solution is very close to that in the alloy, indicating that the composition ratio
of electrocasting alloy can be controlled by the content of Zn ions in the electrocasting solution. By comparing the density, tensile modulus, and sound propagation velocity of mahogany wood and Zn–Fe plant fiber composite material, it is found that the sound propagation velocity of
composite material is similar to that of mahogany wood perpendicular to the texture. Musical electroacupuncture based on Zn alloy/fiber composite biomaterials can effectively increase the weight of patients with coronary heart disease, make their fasting blood sugar concentration close to
the level of normal people, and promote the expression of EAAT3 and GAD65 proteins in the hippocampus of the brain.
Combined Heart-Liver and Domino Liver Transplantation in Familial Amyloidosis
Authors: Sickels Angela , Shah Keyur B. , Ruch Brianna , Cotterell Adrian , Tchoukina Inna , Quader Mohammed , Bhati Chandra , Kumaran Vinay , Bruno David , Stravitz Richard , Levy Marlon , Kasirajan Vigneshwar , Sharma Amit
Published: June 2021

Background

Combined heart-liver transplantation (CHLT) is the only curative option for patients with concomitant pathology affecting the heart and liver. In some cases, the native livers of familial amyloidosis (FA) patients may be suitable for domino transplantation into other recipients.

Methods

Retrospective analysis (2013 to 2019) of all CHLT at our center was performed. Continuous data were presented as mean with standard deviation and discrete variables as percentages.

Results

Familial amyloidosis was the indication for CHLT in 5 out of 6 patients. The mean recipient age was 55 ± 5.62 years. Two patients were bridged with total artificial heart. The mean model for end-stage liver disease score at transplant was 17.17 ± 3.7. Two explanted livers were used for transplantation in a domino fashion. The median intensive care and hospital stays were 5.5 and 19 days, respectively. Complications included renal failure (1), groin abscess (1), pulmonary embolism (1), and cardiac rejection (1). Patient and graft survival for both organs was 100% at a median follow-up of 59 (range 20-76) months.

Discussion

Combined heart-liver transplantation for FA achieves excellent outcomes. The possible use of livers explanted from patients with FA for domino liver transplantation can contribute to the liver donor pool.
A case of splenomegaly with RK-39 positivity: A diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Dange Prasad , Gupta Ankesh , Juneja Richa , Saxena Renu
Published: June 2021

Long-standing moderate to marked splenomegaly suggests several differential diagnoses, both haematological and infectious, particularly leishmaniasis and malaria in endemic areas. Non-infectious causes may be missed in these regions, especially if pitfalls of serological testing are not considered. Careful patient evaluation is necessary to arrive at the correct diagnosis. We report a case of a young male whose hereditary spherocytosis was initially missed because of RK-39 positivity, splenomegaly and the fact that he hailed from an endemic region.
In the Eye of the Beholder: A Case for the Visual Hostile Media Phenomenon
Authors: Matthes Jörg , Schmuck Desirée , von Sikorski Christian
Published: June 2021

The hostile media phenomenon (HMP) refers to a process in which supporters and opponents of an issue perceive the identical coverage to be biased against their own views. Despite the relevance of visual communication in our field, scholars have treated hostile media perceptions as a text-based phenomenon ignoring the unique role of visuals. This paper makes the case for a visual hostile media phenomenon (VHMP). The VHMP posits that completely balanced pictures are perceived as biased both by opponents and supporters of an issue. Two experimental studies on the Israel–Palestine conflict provide clear evidence for this reasoning. Study 1 shows that Palestine (Israel) supporters perceived a balanced photo series as biased toward Israel (Palestine) irrespective of the series’ reach. This effect was also visible for clearly slanted pro-Israel and pro-Palestine pictures (i.e., relative VHMP). Study 2 replicates these findings and sheds some first light on the underlying mechanism. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
Turning Back the Rising Sea: Theory performativity in the shift from climate science to popular authority
Authors: Bowden Vanessa , Gond Jean-Pascal , Nyberg Daniel , Wright Christopher
Published: June 2021

Action on climate change continues to be hampered by vested interests seeding doubt about science and the need to reduce carbon emissions. Using a qualitative case study of local climate adaptation to sea level rise, we show how climate change science is translated into a self-referential theory focused on property prices. Our analysis develops two mechanisms – enablement and theorization – to explain the relationship between theory performativity and power within a process of translation. This contributes to (1) the performativity debate by showing how the constitution of power relations shapes theory performativity; (2) theories of power, by tracing the ways in which certain actors are able to enrol others and impact the authority of particular theories, and (3) processes of translation by developing mechanisms for following the ways in which power and theory performativity interact. We conclude by arguing that a performative understanding of how power shapes beliefs is central to combating the failure to address climate change.
Peer Interaction and Pioneering Organizational Form Adoption: A tale of the first two for-profit stock exchanges
Authors: Cheung Zeerim , Gustafsson Robin , Nykvist Rasmus
Published: June 2021

Building on a historical case study on the first two stock exchanges to adopt the now globally dominant for-profit organizational form, the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 1993 and the Helsinki Stock Exchange in 1995, we argue that interaction among socially proximate peers contributes to pioneering organizational form adoption within an industry, particularly when such forms are introduced by established organizations. Peer interaction can induce a search for technically efficient organizational forms through the sharing of collective experiences, the establishment of collective assumptions, and a joint search for solutions. Together, these factors contribute to the legitimization of novel organizational forms in the local setting before the adoption of the first instantiation of those forms. We propose a context-sensitive multilevel model of peer-interaction-induced pioneering organizational form adoption that considers shared macro environmental drivers, idiosyncratic local environmental drivers, and peer interaction as central social mediators between the two.
Utilizing Whole Slide Images for the Primary Evaluation and Peer Review of a GLP-Compliant Rodent Toxicology Study
Authors: Jacobsen Matt , Lewis Arthur , Baily James , Fraser Alain , Rudmann Dan , Ryan Shane
Published: June 2021

The approach undertaken to deliver a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) validation of whole slide images (WSIs) and the associated workflow for the digital primary evaluation and peer review of a GLP-compliant rodent inhalation toxicity study is described. The contract research organization (CRO) undertook validation of the slide scanner, scanner software, and associated database software. This provided a GLP validated environment within the database software for the primary histopathologic evaluation using WSI and viewed with the database software web viewer. The CRO also validated a cloud-based digital pathology platform that supported the upload and transfer of WSI and metadata to a cache within the sponsor's local area network. The sponsor undertook a separate GLP validation of the same cloud-based digital pathology platform to cover the download and review of the WSI. The establishment of a fit-for-purpose GLP-compliant workflow for WSI and successful deployment for the digital primary evaluation and peer review of a large GLP toxicology study enabled flexibility in accelerated global working and potential future reuse of digitized data for advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning image analysis.
Outcomes in Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction Among Patients With a History of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Crippen Meghan M. , Ganti Rohan S. , Xu Vivian , Swendseid Brian , Tzeng Diana L. , Curry Joseph
Published: June 2021

Objective

To investigate if a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a risk factor for complications in head and neck free flap surgery by assessing outcomes among patients with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single tertiary care center.

Methods

All patients undergoing head and neck free flap reconstruction at our institution between September 1, 2006, and April 2, 2020, were assessed for inclusion. Patients with and without a history of DVT or PE preoperatively were identified and grouped for comparison. Groups were compared for demographics, comorbidities, and 30‐day complications. Significance was assessed with chi‐square and binary logistic regression analyses.

Results

Of the 1061 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 40 (3.8%) had a history of VTE. These patients were significantly older (mean [SD], years: 67.8 [11.7] vs 63.0 [14.1], P =. 038) and significantly more likely to have history of chemotherapy (35.0% vs 18.7%, P =. 010) and stroke (27.5% vs 4.5%, P <. 001). After accounting for patient characteristics via binary logistic regression, VTE was independently associated with an increased risk for postoperative thrombosis of the free flap pedicle (odds ratio [95% CI] = 3.65 [1.12‐11.90], P =. 032) and reoperation (2.45 [1.25‐4.80], P =. 009). Patients with history of PE had a significantly increased risk for flap failure (7.70 [1.77‐33.52], P =. 007). Prior VTE was not independently associated with an increased risk for medical complications or readmission.

Conclusion

Patients with a history of VTE may be at an increased risk for free flap compromise secondary to postoperative pedicle thrombosis. This risk should be considered in preoperative workup and postoperative monitoring.
The effectiveness of orientation and mobility training on the quality of life for students who are blind in Iran
Authors: Kamali Noshin , Ashori Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Orientation and mobility (O&M) training is a practical and helpful method to prepare people who are blind for independent living. Hence, this study aimed to survey the effect of O&M training on the quality of life in students who are blind in Iran. This research was a quasi-randomized controlled trial design. Participants were 24 third-grade to sixth-grade students from two schools for blind in Isfahan, Iran. Using cluster sampling method, one school was assigned to the experimental group ( n = 12) and the other to the control group ( n = 12). The experimental group participated in the 8-session O&M training program. Both groups completed a World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) at pre-intervention and post-intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test. The results showed significant increases in quality of life and all subscales (physical health, mental health, social relationships, and environmental health) in the experimental group than in the control group. The findings suggest that O&M training can promote quality of life among students who are blind in Iran. Moreover, these findings increase the interest of children and adolescents who are blind in O&M training.
Quantitative investigation of platelet aggregation under high shear force for anti-platelet aggregation in vitro tests
Authors: Oota-Ishigaki Akiko , Maruyama Osamu , Sakota Daisuke , Kosaka Ryo , Hijikata Wataru , Nishida Masahiro
Published: June 2021

Blood pumps are often used for hemofiltration in patients with renal failure. To design effective centrifugal blood pumps for hemofiltration, it is important to suppress clogging caused by platelet aggregation. However, the optimal conditions for conducting anti-platelet aggregation tests in vitro have not yet been established. This study aimed to quantify the effect of the shear loading value and shear loading time on platelet aggregation and determine the optimal conditions for anti-platelet aggregation testing in vitro. To quantitatively evaluate platelet aggregation in terms of the negative logarithm-platelet aggregation threshold index (NL-PATI), which reflects the propensity of residual platelets to aggregate after shear loading, the following parameters were examined: blood collection method (collected from porcine vein using a syringe or collected from a slaughterhouse), type of anticoagulant (sodium citrate or heparin), shear rate, and shear time. The results showed that platelet aggregation in porcine blood increased under a high shear load applied at shear rates of approximately 20,000 s−1 or higher for 30 s. Platelet aggregation propensity was 2–3 times higher in heparin-anticoagulated blood than in sodium citrate-anticoagulated blood. Moreover, platelet aggregation was 1.5–2 times more in blood collected from the slaughterhouse than in syringe-collected blood. Testing with an integrated shear time of 30 s or less in relation to the total blood volume may be effective for conducting in vitro circulation experiments using hemofiltration blood pumps. The conditions established in this study may be useful for hemocompatibility testing of cardiovascular devices based on NL-PATI.
Journal Editor and Associate Editor Perspectives on Research Reproducibility and Open Science
Authors: Maggin Daniel M.
Published: June 2021

Interest in transparent and open science is increasing in special education, school psychology, and related disciplines. Proponents for open science reforms provide evidence that researchers in special education, and the broader social sciences, engage in practices that mitigate its credibility and reduce the validity of information disseminated to practitioners and policymakers. In light of these issues, this article reports on a survey of journal editors-in-chief and associate editors to gain insight into concerns regarding research reproducibility and the familiarity and viability of open science for improving research credibility. Results indicate that respondents were concerned about research reproducibility, were moderately familiar with open science practices, and viewed many as effective for improving research credibility. Finally, respondents supported the use of journals to encourage open science practices although there was little support for requiring their use. Findings are discussed in relation to open science and implications for research and practice.
Evaluation of a Clinical Pharmacist Specialist Transition of Care Pathway to Manage Heart Failure Readmissions During a Provider Shortage
Authors: Benge Cassandra , Pouliot Jonathon , Muldowney James A. S.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Evidence supports scheduling early follow-up after heart failure (HF) hospitalization with a provider capable of managing hypervolemia. Often this service is provided by cardiologists or specialty nurse practitioners. Continuity or “familiar” providers may be better positioned to identify decompensating HF in patients who have advanced HF and/or multiple complicating medical problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a clinical pharmacy specialist (CPS) service, covering the role of a “familiar” provider in an advanced HF specialty clinic (AHFC) during a staffing shortage, may prevent readmission metrics from worsening.

Methods:

We evaluated the entire, eligible concurrent cohorts, representing 175 AHFC-CPS and 273 control patient-admissions, respectively. Study- and disease-specific predictors for readmission were assessed. A matched cohort of 202 patient-admissions (101 AHFC-CPS:101 NO-CPS) were evaluated.

Results:

Subjects were predominantly white, elderly males. While overall “clinic [performance] profiling” outcomes for readmissions (p = 0.43) and mortality (p = 0.66) did not statistically differ between the AHFC-CPS and NO-CPS groups, an imbalance in severity of illness persisted. A survival curve and analysis were constructed, and the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.69 (p = 0.033).

Conclusions:

This retrospective project supports the premise that AHFC-CPS intervention may be a suitable alternative to maintain the volume status for AHFC patients during a staffing short-fall. More work needs to be done to determine intervention effect size, predictors for readmission, specifically in advanced cardiovascular disease, and to evaluate CPS opportunities in the provision of independent HF care, particularly for patients with advanced HF.
Introducing predictive Best-Mode controller for minimizing hybrid electric vehicle fuel consumption
Authors: Khademnahvi M , Mashadi B
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a real-time predictive control strategy is developed to control the energy consumption of hybrid electric vehicles with lower sensitivity to prediction accuracy. A predictive Best-Mode concept is introduced based on the future speed predictions, by which the trend of battery state of charge is estimated. The estimated battery state of charge is used to better management of the battery charge mode. The optimum work zones of the components are then selected according to the best battery charging mode and the vehicle speed and power demand. This controller is less sensitive to the prediction accuracy and enables the system to work at the near-optimal points. The results show that the predictive Best-Mode controller is capable of minimizing the energy consumption in real-time applications, very close to the results of the offline dynamic programming with a 2% error margin. The predictive Best-Mode strategy's performance is better than the finite-horizon dynamic programming, except for accurate prediction with a longer than 20-sec prediction horizon.
Modeling and performance analysis of a hybrid conventional solar still–adsorption desalination system
Authors: Abhishek P , Baiju V
Published: June 2021

This study presents a thermodynamic modeling and performance analysis of a hybrid desalination system consisting of a conventional solar still (CSS) and an adsorption desalination system (ADS). To evaluate the performance of the system, a small scale model of a hybrid CSS-ADS system is designed, fabricated and tested under the meteorological condition of Kollam, Kerala, India. Water productivity of the hybrid CSS-ADS, followed by, assessing the coefficient of performance of the system is also carried out. The maximum water productivity of the system is estimated as 750 ml. The proposed hybrid system is able to produce the cooling effect along with desalination during its operation. The coefficient of performance (COP) is obtained as 0.58. The performance of the system is also assessed based on the second law of thermodynamics to study exergy loss and exergy efficiency of each and every component of the system. It is observed that the main sources of exergy destruction in the hybrid system occurs in the solar still basin and adsorbent bed of ADS. The total exergy loss and exergy efficiency of the hybrid system is found to be 0.224 W and 29.6%, respectively. Variation of brine water temperature, heat transfer coefficients, water productivity of CSS and ADS are also presented in this study. The study aims at a formidable solution to the low performance of conventional solar still.
A modified physical model of high-strength water hydraulic artificial muscles considering the effects of geometry and material properties
Authors: Zhang Zengmeng , Che Jinkai , Liu Peipei , Jia Yunrui , Gong Yongjun
Published: June 2021

Compared with pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs), water hydraulic artificial muscles (WHAMs) have the advantages of high force/weight ratio, high stiffness, rapid response speed, large operating pressure range, low working noise, etc. Although the physical models of PAMs have been widely studied, the model of WHAMs still need to be researched for the different structure parameters and work conditions between PAMs and WHAMs. Therefore, the geometry and the material properties need to be considered in models, including the wall thickness of rubber tube, the geometry of ends, the elastic force of rubber tube, the elongation of fibers, and the friction among fiber strands. WHAMs with different wall thickness and fiber materials were manufactured, and static characteristic experiments were performed when the actuator is static and fixed on both ends, which reflects the relationship between contraction force and pressure under the different contraction ratio. The deviations between theoretical values and experimental results were analyzed to investigate the effect of each physical factor on the modified physical model accuracy at different operating pressures. The results show the relative error of the modified physical model was 7.1% and the relative error of the ideal model was 17.4%. When contraction ratio is below 10% and operating pressure is 4 MPa, the wall thickness of rubber tube was the strongest factor on the accuracy of modified model. When the WHAM contraction ratio from 3% to 20%, the relative error between the modified physical model and the experimental data was within ±10%. Considering the various physical factors, the accuracy of the modified physical model of WHAM is improved, which lays a foundation of non-linear control of the high-strength, tightly fiber-braided and thick-walled WHAMs.
Lunar surface soft-landing analysis of a novel six-legged mobile lander with repetitive landing capacity
Authors: Yin Ke , Sun Qiao , Gao Feng , Zhou Songlin
Published: June 2021

The autonomous robots consisting of an immovable lander and a rover are widely deployed to explore extraterrestrial planets. Two main drawbacks limit the development of this cooperative work mode: (1) it cannot perform soft-landing missions repeatedly on the planet, owing to the damage of buffer structure during soft-landing. (2) the rover’s detection area is restricted to the vicinity of the immovable lander. To overcome these problems, we have designed an innovative six-legged mobile lander with repetitive landing capacity, called “HexaMRL”, which integrates the functions of a lander and a rover including folding, deploying, repetitive landing, and walking. This novel robot’s legs adopted hybrid mechanism with active and passive compliance. Therefore, it remains to be a great challenge to analyze the robot soft-landing capacity which is determined by the parameters such as spring stiffness coefficient, damper damping coefficient, and initial tiptoe position. In order to solve the problem, the dynamic modeling and assessment criteria were established. The soft-landing process was analyzed through three numerical simulations using three sets of representative parameters based on dynamic model and the set of best effective parameters was chosen to apply in soft-landing experiment on a 5-DOF lunar gravity testing platform (5-DOF LGTP). The experiments were further verified that the selected parameters met the requirement of soft landing on the lunar surface. The HexaMRL provides novel insight for the next generation equipment for lunar exploration, which may be an efficient solution to the extraterrestrial planet exploration.