bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro characterization of the splicing efficiency and fidelity of the RmInt1 group II intron as a means of controlling the dispersion of its host mobile element
Authors: Chillón Isabel , Molina-Sánchez María Dolores , Fedorova Olga , García-Rodríguez Fernando Manuel , Martínez-Abarca Francisco , Toro Nicolás
Published: October 2014

Group II introns are catalytic RNAs that are excised from their precursors in a protein-dependent manner in vivo. Certain group II introns can also react in a protein-independent manner under nonphysiological conditions in vitro. The efficiency and fidelity of the splicing reaction is crucial, to guarantee the correct formation and expression of the protein-coding mRNA. RmInt1 is an efficient mobile intron found within the ISRm2011-2 insertion sequence in the symbiotic bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. The RmInt1 intron self-splices in vitro, but this reaction generates side products due to a predicted cryptic IBS1* sequence within the 3′ exon. We engineered an RmInt1 intron lacking the cryptic IBS1* sequence, which improved the fidelity of the splicing reaction. However, atypical circular forms of similar electrophoretic mobility to the lariat intron were nevertheless observed. We analyzed a run of four cytidine residues at the 3′ splice site potentially responsible for a lack of fidelity at this site leading to the formation of circular intron forms. We showed that mutations of residues base-pairing in the tertiary EBS3–IBS3 interaction increased the efficiency and fidelity of the splicing reaction. Our results indicate that RmInt1 has developed strategies for decreasing its splicing efficiency and fidelity. RmInt1 makes use of unproductive splicing reactions to limit the transposition of the insertion sequence into which it inserts itself in its natural context, thereby preventing potentially harmful dispersion of ISRm2011-2 throughout the genome of its host.
ALUMINIUM ALLOY ADDITION EFFECTS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS AT LOW FREQUENCIES
Authors: Bidulský Róbert , Bidulská Jana , Actis Grande Marco , Ferraris Luca
Published: October 2014

The present paper focused on the effects of aluminium alloy addition on the behaviour of soft magnetic materials at low frequencies. The microstructure investigation reveals that for materials with high aluminium contents, the pores are oriented near or surrounding the aluminium particles. The microstructure investigation reveals that for materials with high aluminium contents, the pores are oriented near or surrounding the aluminium particles, as well as after heat treatment shows coarse-grained structure with a minimum number of inclusions within the grains and at the grain boundaries. Results show that the magnetic properties are dependent on the structural state of the investigated material. Magnetic properties increased with decreasing density due to the enhanced densification by means of applied pressing pressure and promote porosity reduction during heat treatment.
The Sorceress Betrayed: Comics crossing cultures and changing accuracy standards
Authors: Borodo Michał
Published: October 2014

Zdradzona czarodziejka, czyli o kulturowych aspektach przekładu komiksów i zmieniających się standardach dokładności

Artykuł skupia się na klasyce komiksu francusko‑belgijskiego, tj. stworzonej przez Jeana Van Hamme’a i polskiego rysownika Grzegorza Rosińskiego serii Thorgal, która posiada dość wyjątkowy status kulturowy w Polsce. Choć minęło już 30 lat od wydania pierwszego albumu, seria Thorgal, łącząca elementy fantasy, science‑fiction i mitologii nordyckiej, nadal pozostaje jedną z najbardziej popularnych na polskim rynku komiksowym. Niniejsza publikacja dotyczy otwierającego serię albumu La magicienne trahie [Zdradzona czarodziejka], który został przetłumaczony na język polski aż trzykrotnie, tj. w roku 1978, 1988 i 2004. Celem artykułu jest omówienie różnic pomiędzy trzema polskimi tłumaczeniami w odniesieniu do ich dokładności względem oryginału oraz podejścia tłumaczy do kwestii specyfiki kulturowej.
Przekład gier wideo: charakterystyka ogólna, uwarunkowania i perspektywy edukacyjne
Authors: Drab Ewa
Published: October 2014

Video Games’ Translation: General Characteristics, Determinants and Perspectives in Education

The text features an approach towards the topic of a relatively young field of the translation of video games, especially the aspect of the characteristics of the domain in reference to the audiovisual translation and the relations with film translation. The author presents briefly the market position of the video game industry which influences the importance of game translation in the world by simultaneously indicating the possible classification of video games as well as the most optimal terminology, which would simplify the process of determining the translational specializations. The author also discusses the aspects in which the translation of video games resembles film translation and what elements should be translated in isolation from the strategies used in film translation. A short analysis of examples, i.e. Heavy Rain, Infamous and Dishonored, is followed by the question of the requirements that the translators of video games should meet as well as their educational prospects in Poland.
Tłumacz w świecie bajek – przekład audiowizualny dla najmłodszych w polskim polisystemie medialnym na przykładzie kanału telewizyjnego MiniMini+
Authors: Dybiec‑Gajer Joanna
Published: October 2014

Translating a fairy tale. Audiovisual translation for children in the Polish media polisystem

Children’s television is a specialized and dynamically evolving segment of the media market. By following the tenets of the polysystem theory and transferring them to the field of audiovisual translation, the article seeks to analyze the status of translated material in children’s channels in Poland. The analysis was prompted by two important events concerning the Polish media polisystem. In 2013 a popular children’s programme, wieczorynka, aired for over fifty years by the public television was abolished. In the same year, the largest private children’s channel, MiniMini+, celebrated its 10th anniversary. Focusing on the content of MiniMini+, the article shows a domination of translated animations over local productions, global circulation of animations and their tendency to evolve into total products. Implications of these phenomena for translation are exemplified by the series ‘My Little Pony’.
Around the clock
Authors: Hampshire Viv
Published: October 2014

Talking about what happens, and when, during a typical day will help children to get to grips with the concepts of order, repetition and routine long before they learn to tell the time.
We must never forget
Authors: Cruikshank Sarah
Published: October 2014

This year Remembrance Day is particularly special as it also marks the Centenary of the beginning of WW1. Help young children to connect with it through these physical development activities.
Becoming an artist
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: October 2014

This month Lynne Garner continues to encourage children to explore creative jobs which will get them to think about the arts and which will help to develop their motor skills.
Die Normativität der Sittlichkeit. Hegels Lehre als Alternative zur Ethik Kants
Authors: Honneth Axel
Published: October 2014

In the following I will attempt to exonerate the contextualist Hegelian account of morality, which he introduces under the title “Sittlichkeit” or “ethical life”, from the charge of mere conventionalism. I will try to show that his concept of ethical life furnishes the author of the Philosophy of Right with a set of historically immanent criteria that allow him to distinguish, within the horizon of a given form of life, between valid norms and merely accepted ones. It will be important to present Hegel’s method in a way that avoids, as far as possible, holding it hostage to his philosophy of spirit, which can hardly serve as an acceptable premise today. Hegel’s doctrine of ethical life will be a viable option for moral philosophy only if it can be translated into an idiom that does not rely on the ontological presupposition of a universally self-realizing spirit. In a first step, I will in this way - post-metaphysically, so to speak - identify the general criteria that Hegel sets out as immanent givens of any ethical form of life (I). In a second step, I am going to examine whether this provides us with clues for discerning a certain directionality of moral development within human history (II).
Die Entwicklung der Autorität der Ersten Person
Authors: Brandl Johannes L.
Published: October 2014

This paper defends an expressivist approach to explaining the epistemic authority with which self-ascriptions of mental states are made. Following other recent defences of cognitive expressivism, it is assumed that avowals (e. g. ‘I am feeling pain now’) have both a descriptive and an expressive function. Since these functions can come apart, expressivists face the problem of false avowals, which threaten to undermine any claim to epistemic authority. In response to this problem it is suggested that expressivists may draw a distinction between sincere avowals and avowals in the strict sense, and then argue that observing this distinction is part of a linguistic competence which is a precondition of reflective self-consciousness. From these plausible assumptions one can see that no appeal to introspection as a form of privileged access to the mind is needed for explaining the authority of mental self-ascriptions.
Decontamination of colored wastewater using synthetic sorbents
Authors: Muntean Simona Gabriela , Todea Anamaria , Rădulescu-Grad Maria Elena , Popa Adriana
Published: October 2014

In the recent years, the adsorption capacities of synthetic polymeric adsorbents have been intensively studied due to their diversity in surface and porosity, physicochemical stability and the regeneration potentiality. In this study four synthetic polymers have been used as alternative adsorbent for the removal of two azo dyes from aqueous solutions. The effects of dye concentration, adsorbent nature, temperature, and pH of the solution onto the kinetics of the adsorption process were in detail investigated. With the increase in the initial concentration from 5.10–5 to 1.10–3 mol/L the amount of dye adsorbed increased, while the removal percentage decreased. The increase of the temperature (298–338 K) induced a positive effect on the adsorption indicating that the process is endothermic, and the increase of pH induced a decrease in removal percentage. The maximum dye removal percentage obtained was found to be up to 99 %. The experimental data were well correlated by the Sips adsorption model, and the results were applied for obtaining the equilibrium parameters.
Repressing Notch Signaling and Expressing TNFα Are Sufficient to Mimic Retinal Regeneration by Inducing Müller Glial Proliferation to Generate Committed Progenitor Cells
Authors: Conner Clay , Ackerman Kristin M. , Lahne Manuela , Hobgood Joshua S. , Hyde David R.
Published: October 2014

Retinal damage in teleosts, unlike mammals, induces robust Müller glia-mediated regeneration of lost neurons. We examined whether Notch signaling regulates Müller glia proliferation in the adult zebrafish retina and demonstrated that Notch signaling maintains Müller glia in a quiescent state in the undamaged retina. Repressing Notch signaling, through injection of the γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097, stimulates a subset of Müller glia to reenter the cell cycle without retinal damage. This RO4929097-induced Müller glia proliferation is mediated by repressing Notch signaling because inducible expression of the Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD) can reverse the effect. This RO4929097-induced proliferation requires Ascl1a expression and Jak1-mediated Stat3 phosphorylation/activation, analogous to the light-damaged retina. Moreover, coinjecting RO4929097 and TNFα, a previously identified damage signal, induced the majority of Müller glia to reenter the cell cycle and produced proliferating neuronal progenitor cells that committed to a neuronal lineage in the undamaged retina. This demonstrates that repressing Notch signaling and activating TNFα signaling are sufficient to induce Müller glia proliferation that generates neuronal progenitor cells that differentiate into retinal neurons, mimicking the responses observed in the regenerating retina.
A Contrast and Surface Code Explains Complex Responses to Black and White Stimuli in V1
Authors: Zurawel Guy , Ayzenshtat Inbal , Zweig Shay , Shapley Robert , Slovin Hamutal
Published: October 2014

We investigated the cortical mechanisms underlying the visual perception of luminance-defined surfaces and the preference for black over white stimuli in the macaque primary visual cortex, V1. We measured V1 population responses with voltage-sensitive dye imaging in fixating monkeys that were presented with white or black squares of equal contrast around a mid-gray. Regions corresponding to the squares' edges exhibited higher activity than those corresponding to the center. Responses to black were higher than to white, surprisingly to a much greater extent in the representation of the square's center. Additionally, the square-evoked activation patterns exhibited spatial modulations along the edges and corners. A model comprised of neural mechanisms that compute local contrast, local luminance temporal modulations in the black and white directions, and cortical center-surround interactions, could explain the observed population activity patterns in detail. The model captured the weaker contribution of V1 neurons that respond to positive (white) and negative (black) luminance surfaces, and the stronger contribution of V1 neurons that respond to edge contrast. Also, the model demonstrated how the response preference for black could be explained in terms of stronger surface-related activation to negative luminance modulation. The spatial modulations along the edges were accounted for by surround suppression. Overall the results reveal the relative strength of edge contrast and surface signals in the V1 response to visual objects.
Inhibiting ACAT1/SOAT1 in Microglia Stimulates Autophagy-Mediated Lysosomal Proteolysis and Increases Aβ1–42 Clearance
Authors: Shibuya Yohei , Chang Catherine C.Y. , Huang Li-Hao , Bryleva Elena Y. , Chang Ta-Yuan
Published: October 2014

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is a resident endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that prevents the buildup of cholesterol in membranes by converting it to cholesterol esters. Blocking ACAT1 pharmacologically or byAcat1gene knock-out (KO) decreases amyloidopathy in mouse models for Alzheimer's disease. However, the beneficial actions of ACAT1 blockage to treat Alzheimer's disease remained not well understood. Microglia play essential roles in the proteolytic clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. Here we show thatAcat1gene KO in mouse increases phagocytic uptake of oligomeric Aβ1–42 and stimulates lysosomal Aβ1–42 degradation in cultured microglia andin vivo. Additional results show thatAcat1gene KO or a specific ACAT1 inhibitor K604 stimulates autophagosome formation and transcription factor EB-mediated lysosomal proteolysis. Surprisingly, the effect of ACAT1 blockage does not alter mTOR signaling or endoplasmic reticulum stress response but can be modulated by agents that disrupt cholesterol biosynthesis. To our knowledge, our current study provides the first example that a small molecule (K604) can promote autophagy in an mTOR-independent manner to activate the coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation network. Autophagy is needed to degrade misfolded proteins/peptides. Our results implicate that blocking ACAT1 may provide a new way to benefit multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
Short-term results in evaluating a gingiva-adhesive hydrophobic-chlorhexidine-gel for chronic periodontitis
Authors: Sarbu Ciprian , Rusu Darian , Călniceanu Horia , Kasaj Adrian , Petrutiu Stefan Adrian , Roman Alexandra , Soancă Andrada , Picoș Alina , Stratul Stefan Ioan , Jentsch Holger
Published: October 2014

Background and Aims: Oral mucosa and interproximal spaces of the teeth could favor the colonization of periodontopathogenic bacteria, which could be targeted by chemical antiplaque agents such as chlorhexidine, present in different oral hygiene products, thus improving the control of biofilm growth and delaying microbial accumulation. The study aimed to evaluate whether the use of a hydrophobic gel with good gingival adhesion for 14 days after the scaling and root planing of patients with chronic periodontitis would improve the treatment outcome, when compared with the use of a regular hydrophyllic gel.Material and Methods: Patients with moderate disease were included in two study groups. At baseline and 3 months after the treatment the following parameters were recorded: pocket depth, Approximal Plaque Index, Modified Gingival Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, bleeding on probing. Patients received scaling and root planing in two sessions at 24 hours interval. After the treatment, patients in the test group applied the hydrophobic adhesive chlorhexidine gel once a day, every other day, while in the control group the gel was used twice daily.Results. Both treatments resulted in significant improvement in all clinical indices, except Approximal Plaque Index, which deteriorated significantly in both groups. Three months after mechanical treatment, the mean probing depth changed in the test group from 4.16±0.45 mm to 2.80±0.42 mm, and in the control group from 4.16±0.30 to 2.69±0.19.Conclusions: Both adjunctive anti-infective therapies induced clinical improvement 3 months from baseline. The differences between the two treatments were not statistically significant.
Doenças crônicas Não transmissíveis e o suporte das ações intersetoriais no seu enfrentamento
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Gosch Cristiane Scolari , Buss Paulo , Rocha Dais Gonçalves , Rezende Regiane , Freitas Paula Carvalho , Akerman Marco
Published: October 2014

O estudo visa a analisar o tema das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) e o papel das ações intersetoriais no enfrentamento destas doenças. Trata-se de estudo de revisão narrativa realizado por meio de buscas na base Medline, Pubmed e Lilacs, e documentos da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), Organização Panamericana da Saúde (OPAS) e do Governo Brasileiro. A articulação entre o tema da intersetorialidade e DCNT é revisada nas Conferências e Agendas Globais de Promoção da Saúde; bem como o papel de outros setores em relação às intervenções efetivas em DCNT. São apresentadas algumas experiências de iniciativas intersetoriais no enfrentamento das DCNT. Conclui-se que a implementação das ações intersetoriais em articulação com políticas setoriais de saúde no enfrentamento das DCNT passa por prioridade política, envolvendo ações coordenadas, fóruns de negociação, planejamento integrado e garantia de financiamento. Deve-se buscar a participação efetiva dos diversos atores sociais no processo de advocacy, monitoramento e prestação de contas, aliados aos processos de capacitação de gestores e trabalhadores, o que conferirá sustentabilidade aos processos sociais e às mudanças pretendidas. Parcerias intersetoriais são fundamentais.
Intersetorialidade, determinantes socioambientais e promoção da saúde
Authors: Silva Kênia Lara , Sena Roseni Rosângela , Akerman Marco , Belga Stephanie Marques Moura , Rodrigues Andreza Trevenzoli
Published: October 2014

O presente estudo objetiva analisar a intersetorialidade na perspectiva socioambiental de promoção da saúde. Pesquisa qualitativa realizado em seis municípios da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos do mapeamento de experiências de promoção da saúde consideradas exitosas por gestores municipais; entrevistas com coordenadores, profissionais e participantes das práticas; observações participantes das práticas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. A intersetorialidade foi revelada como premissa na definição política da maior parte das práticas. No plano programático normativo, o setor de assistência social demostrou maior potencial para desenvolver práticas intersetoriais e centralidade na rede de articulação face à sua implicação com os determinantes socioambientais. Existe um distanciamento entre a intenção de praticar a intersetorialidade, evidenciada nas determinações políticas dos municípios, e a sua efetivação no cotidiano. Conclui-se que há potencialidade para intervenções intersetoriais sobre os determinantes socioambientais a favor da promoção da saúde, mas a inconsistência entre o operacional praticado e os aspectos políticos explicitam um desafio a ser superado.
Acesso aos serviços básicos de saúde e fatores associados: estudo de base populacional
Authors: Bonello Andréia Aparecida De Luca Moore , Corrêa Carlos Roberto Silveira
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que intervêm no acesso aos serviços de uma unidade básica de saúde. Este é um estudo transversal, de base populacional, que envolveu 101 famílias residentes na área de abrangência da unidade de saúde selecionadas aleatoriamente. Um morador maior de idade de cada residência foi entrevistado. A variável resposta foi o morador ir ou não à unidade de saúde no caso dele, ou de alguém de sua família, precisar de atendimento para resolver um problema de saúde. As variáveis independentes investigadas foram aspectos da oferta de serviços; características demográficas e socioeconômicas; costumes individuais; morbidades e uso da unidade de saúde. Além da análise descritiva e univariada, a regressão logística foi aplicada na análise multivariada. Os resultados mostram que o acesso à unidade básica de saúde está associado com o atendimento recebido anteriormente (OR = 3.224), com a naturalidade (OR = 0.146) e a microárea de residência (OR = 10.918). Esses achados sugerem que o acesso está relacionado com o imaginário criado sobre o atendimento da unidade de saúde e se baseia nas experiências vivenciadas com o serviço, mas pode também ser fortemente modulado por aspectos individuais e fatores ligados ao território.
Qualidade de vida do cuidador durante internação da pessoa cuidada em Unidade de Urgência/Emergência: alguns fatores associados
Authors: Dallalana Tânia Madureira , Batista Maria Geny Ribas
Published: October 2014

Este estudo, de caráter quantitativo-descritivo, teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vida de cuidadores dos pacientes internados em unidades de urgência e emergência do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. As tarefas desenvolvidas pelo cuidador constituem eventos estressores significativos, afetando diretamente sua qualidade de vida. Foi aplicado a 60 cuidadores, de maio a outubro de 2011, o instrumento de avaliação WHOQOL-100, elaborado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Do total de participantes, predominou o sexo feminino (n = 47), com idade média de 43,2 anos. A qualidade de vida geral obteve o escore médio de 13,8. Os resultados indicam que a qualidade de vida do cuidador se apresenta vulnerável, o que pode afetar a sua fase produtiva. A religiosidade, a espiritualidade e a ajuda da rede socioafetiva são importantes recursos de enfrentamento.
Atividades físicas no lazer entre adultos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil: estudo populacional sobre as características das práticas e de seus praticantes
Authors: Del Duca Giovâni Firpo , Nahas Markus Vinicius , Hallal Pedro Curi , Peres Karen Glazer
Published: October 2014

O presente estudo determinou as características das práticas e dos praticantes de atividades físicas no lazer entre adultos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Inquérito transversal de base populacional de setembro/2009 a janeiro/2010. A atividade física no lazer foi determinada por meio de questionário validado. Caminhada e musculação foram as atividades mais relatadas. Homens e adultos mais jovens praticaram mais atividades físicas vigorosas. Não foram observadas diferenças de gênero ou idade em relação à frequência e à duração das atividades físicas. Caminhada e ginástica foram mais praticadas por mulheres. Corrida e futebol foram mais praticados por homens. A idade associou-se diretamente ao relato de caminhada e, inversamente, ao futebol e musculação. Brancos e negros apresentaram, respectivamente, maiores práticas de ginástica e futebol. Adultos com companheiro(a) praticaram mais caminhada e futebol, e menos musculação. A escolaridade associou-se diretamente com práticas de corrida e ginástica, e inversamente com o futebol. A renda associou-se inversamente com o relato do futebol, e diretamente com a prática de musculação. Ações de promoção da atividade física devem considerar os distintos interesses populacionais para o estímulo à sua prática no lazer.
Sociedade e Sustentabilidade: qual o lugar do conhecimento?
Authors: Baumgarten Maíra
Published: October 2014

O texto aporta algumas considerações histórico-teóricas sobre as relações entre sociedade, conhecimento e sustentabilidade, buscando as intersecções desse debate com a problemática do desenvolvimento no mundo contemporâneo. A seguir são apresentados os artigos que integram o dossiê Sociedade, Conhecimentos e Sustentabilidade. Esses artigos têm em comum o enlace entre sociedade, ciência e sustentabilidade, ora trazendo controvérsias teóricas e colocando em discussão o próprio fazer científico e sua crítica, ora apresentando a temática da produção científica sobre sustentabilidade, observando arranjos conceituais, abordagens das interfaces entre humanos e não humanos, hibridismos, disciplinaridade e interdisciplinaridade. As tecnologias da informação e suas aplicações e repercussões sociais também estão presentes nas análises apresentadas, que abordam, de um lado, interações mediadas pela internet e sua capacidade para a criação de apoio social e, de outro lado, o aumento de desigualdades sociais no acesso a bens e a recursos característicos de uma sociedade com uso mais intensificado de tecnologias de informação e comunicação.
Requisitos para métricas em arquivos: critérios específicos para arquivometria
Authors: Pinto Adilson Luiz , Elias Ezmir Dippe , Vianna William Barbosa
Published: October 2014

Estudo exploratório de aplicação de métricas no contexto dos arquivos, gerando indicadores para tomada de decisões e visando debater como estruturar a arquivometria. Enfoca a linha do tempo dos estudos métricos e a culminação, em 1994, da aplicabilidade nos arquivos e a evolução de experiências brasileiras a partir de 2011, trabalhando a estatística de processos documentais e a prática arquivométrica.
Chromosome evolution in fishes: a new challenging proposal from Neotropical species
Authors: Nirchio Mauro , Rossi Anna Rita , Foresti Fausto , Oliveira Claudio
Published: October 2014

We present a database containing cytogenetic data of Neotropical actinopterygian fishes from Venezuela obtained in a single laboratory for the first time. The results of this study include 103 species belonging to 74 genera assigned to 45 families and 17 out of the 40 teleost orders. In the group of marine fishes, the modal diploid number was 2n=48 represented in 60% of the studied species, while in the freshwater fish group the modal diploid complement was 2n=54, represented in 21.21 % of the studied species. The average number of chromosomes and the mean FN were statistically higher in freshwater fish than in marine fish. The degree of diversification and karyotype variation was also higher in freshwater fish in contrast to a more conserved cytogenetic pattern in marine fish. In contrast to the assumption according to which 48 acrocentric chromosomes was basal chromosome number in fish, data here presented show that there is an obvious trend towards the reduction of the diploid number of chromosomes from values near 2n=60 with high number of biarmed chromosomes in more basal species to 2n=48 acrocentric elements in more derived Actinopterygii.
Short-term movements and habitat preferences of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Istiophoridae), along the southeast coast of Brazil
Authors: Mourato Bruno L. , Carvalho Felipe , Musyl Michael , Amorim Alberto , Pacheco Jose C. , Hazin Humberto , Hazin Fábio
Published: October 2014

Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on four sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the coastal waters of Rio de Janeiro State in southeast Brazil during January and February of 2009 (sailfish I and II) and between November 2010 and January 2011 (sailfish III and IV). The total number of days monitored (i.e., time that the tags remained attached) were 12 (sailfish I), 51 (sailfish II), 16 (sailfish III) and 43 days (sailfish IV). The results indicate a clear pattern of vertical habitat utilization with the majority of the time spent concentrated near the uniform sea surface layer occupying a relatively narrow temperature range. Despite the clear preference for epipelagic surface waters, sailfish regularly undertook vertical excursions into deeper waters (>50 m) within three to six hour intervals. "Most Probable Tracks" (estimated from raw geolocations using the state-space Kalman filter model) and linear displacements suggested that tagged sailfish did not move significant distances from the tagging site. In brief, our report provides information regarding the biology of sailfish in the southwestern Atlantic and how vertical distributions during the day and night are influenced by water temperature and how this information can improve sailfish stock assessments in southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
The use of playing by the nursing staff on palliative care for children with cancer
Authors: Soares Vanessa Albuquerque , Silva Liliane Faria da , Cursino Emília Gallindo , Goes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra
Published: October 2014

This study aimed to describe ways of using play by the nursing staff on palliative care of children with cancer and analyze the facilitators and barriers of the use of playing on this type of care. Qualitative, descriptive research developed on November 2012 with 11 health professionals, in a public hospital of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis of the information were conducted. The use of playing before procedures was highlighted as a facilitator on palliative care. The child's physical condition, one's restriction, resistance of some professionals and the lack of time for developing this activity, made the use of play harder. We concluded that playing enables the child with cancer, in palliative care, a humanized assistance, being fundamental to integrate it on the care for these children.
The perception of nurses regarding educational practices for children with diabetes in hospital care
Authors: Pennafort Viviane Peixoto dos Santos , Silva Amanda Newle Sousa , Queiroz Maria Veraci Oliveira
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to describe the perception of nurses regarding educational practices conducted with children with diabetes in a hospital unit. It is a descriptive qualitative study, conducted in an inpatient unit of a public hospital in Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil, between January and February of 2013, with six nurses. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and submitted to content analysis, from which two categories emerged: role of nurses and staff in caring for the child with diabetes: the necessary intersection; and health education directed at the child with diabetes and family members in the hospital context. Nursing professionals acknowledged educational activities as part of an interdisciplinary care strategy which must occur since the moment the child is admitted. However, they displayed a reductionist view, centered on insulin therapy and changes of habit, which indicates the need for more creative approaches, capable of enhancing learning aspects and minimizing the gaps which prevent the disease from being managed appropriately.
Experience of family members providing care for HIV-exposed children: beginning of the trajectory
Authors: Alvarenga Willyane de Andrade , Silva Mariana Ramos da , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira , Wernet Monika , Oliveira Fernanda Ferreira Damaceno , Dupas Giselle
Published: October 2014

During and after pregnancy, mothers with HIV can undergo treatment that is capable of preventing vertical transmission (VT) to their babies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the experience of family members that provide care for children whose mothers have HIV, to reduce the risk of VT, with emphasis on the beginning of this trajectory. This study was based on the qualitative approach and Symbolic Interactionism was adopted as a theoretical framework. A total of 36 family members participated in the study, all of whom were carers of children aged up to 18 months and waiting for confirmation of the HIV diagnosis. Data were collected in a hospital in north-eastern Brazil, between December 2012 and February 2013, and examined by means of content analysis. Child care began during pregnancy, when the possibility of the child having HIV was expected. Some had previous experience in providing care for exposed children. Understanding the early trajectory of care will help find ways to provide better support for carers during the trajectory of diagnosis confirmation.
EVALUATION OF METHODS IN DETECTING VANCOMYCIN MIC AMONG MRSA ISOLATES AND THE CHANGES IN ACCURACY RELATED TO DIFFERENT MIC VALUES
Authors: Rossatto Fernanda Cristina Possamai , Proença Letícia Auler , Becker Ana Paula , Silveira Alessandro Conrado de Oliveira , Caierão Juliana , D'azevedo Pedro Alves
Published: October 2014

INTRODUCTION: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presenting reduced susceptibility to vancomycin has been associated to therapeutic failure. Some methods used by clinical laboratories may not be sufficiently accurate to detect this phenotype, compromising results and the outcome of the patient. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of methods in the detection of vancomycin MIC values among clinical isolates of MRSA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Vancomycin Minimal Inhibitory Concentration was determined for 75 MRSA isolates from inpatients of Mãe de Deus Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil. The broth microdilution (BM) was used as the gold-standard technique, as well as the following methods: E-test® strips (BioMérieux), M.I.C.E® strips (Oxoid), PROBAC® commercial panel and the automated system MicroScan® (Siemens). Besides, the agar screening test was carried out with 3 µg/mL of vancomycin. RESULTS: All isolates presented MIC ≤ 2 µg/mL for BM. E-test® had higher concordance (40%) in terms of global agreement with the gold standard, and there was not statistical difference among E-test® and broth microdilution results. PROBAC® panels presented MICs, in general, lower than the gold-standard panels (58.66% major errors), while M.I.C.E.® MICs were higher (67.99% minor errors). CONCLUSIONS: For the population of MRSA in question, E-test® presented the best performance, although with a heterogeneous accuracy, depending on MIC values.
PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST INFLUENZA VIRUS IN NON-VACCINATED EQUINES FROM THE BRAZILIAN PANTANAL
Authors: Silva Lucas Gaíva E , Borges Alice Mamede Costa Marques , Villalobos Eliana Monteforte Cassaro , Lara Maria do Carmo Custodio Souza Hunold , Cunha Elenice Maria Siquetin , Oliveira Anderson Castro Soares de , Braga Ísis Assis , Aguiar Daniel Moura
Published: October 2014

The prevalence of antibodies against Equine Influenza Virus (EIV) was determined in 529 equines living on ranches in the municipality of Poconé, Pantanal area of Brazil, by means of the hemagglutination inhibition test, using subtype H3N8 as antigen. The distribution and possible association among positive animal and ranches were evaluated by the chi-square test, spatial autoregressive and multiple linear regression models. The prevalence of antibodies against EIV was estimated at 45.2% (95% CI 30.2 - 61.1%) with titers ranging from 20 to 1,280 HAU. Seropositive equines were found on 92.0% of the surveyed ranches. Equine from non-flooded ranches (66.5%) and negativity in equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) (61.7%) were associated with antibodies against EIV. No spatial correlation was found among the ranches, but the ones located in non-flooded areas were associated with antibodies against EIV. A negative correlation was found between the prevalence of antibodies against EIV and the presence of EIAV positive animals on the ranches. The high prevalence of antibodies against EIV detected in this study suggests that the virus is circulating among the animals, and this statistical analysis indicates that the movement and aggregation of animals are factors associated to the transmission of the virus in the region.
SEROLOGICAL MARKERS OF VIRAL, SYPHILITIC AND TOXOPLASMIC INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME: CASE SERIES FROM MATO GROSSO STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Soares Silvania França da Silva , Donatti Teresinha Lermen , Souto Francisco José Dutra
Published: October 2014

Some infections can be the cause of secondary nephrotic syndrome. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of a Renal Disease Reference Clinic from Central Brazil, in which serological markers of some infectious agents are systematically screened in children with nephrotic syndrome. Data were obtained from the assessment of medical files of all children under fifteen years of age, who matched nephrotic syndrome criteria. Subjects were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii and cytomegalovirus; antibodies against Herpes simplex, hepatitis C virus and HIV; and surface antigen (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus. The VDRL test was also performed. 169 cases were studied. The median age on the first visit was 44 months and 103 (60.9%) patients were male. Anti-CMV IgG and IgM were found in 70.4% and 4.1%, respectively. IgG and IgM against Toxoplasma gondii were present in 32.5% and 5.3%, respectively. Two patients were positive for HBsAg, but none showed markers for HIV, hepatitis C, or Treponema pallidum. IgG and IgM against herpes simplex virus were performed on 54 patients, of which 48.1% and 22.2% were positive. IgM antibodies in some children with clinical signs of recent infection suggest that these diseases may play a role in the genesis of nephrotic syndrome.
BLOOD VESSELS IN GANGLIA IN HUMAN ESOPHAGUS MIGHT EXPLAIN THE HIGHER FREQUENCY OF MEGAESOPHAGUS COMPARED WITH MEGACOLON
Authors: Adad Sheila Jorge , Etchebehere Renata Margarida , Jammal Alessandro Adad
Published: October 2014

This study aimed to determine the existence of blood vessels within ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the human esophagus and colon. At necropsy, 15 stillborns, newborns and children up to two years of age, with no gastrointestinal disorders, were examined. Rings of the esophagus and colon were analyzed and then fixed in formalin and processed for paraffin. Histological sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin, Giemsa and immunohistochemistry for the characterization of endothelial cells, using antibodies for anti-factor VIII and CD31. Blood vessels were identified within the ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the esophagus, and no blood vessels were found in any ganglia of the colon. It was concluded that the ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the esophagus are vascularized, while the ganglia of the colon are avascular. Vascularization within the esophageal ganglia could facilitate the entrance of infectious agents, as well as the development of inflammatory responses (ganglionitis) and denervation, as found in Chagas disease and idiopathic achalasia. This could explain the higher frequency of megaesophagus compared with megacolon.
Mudanças necessárias no trabalho em escolas: a visão dos profissionais da educação e o enfoque da saúde do trabalhador
Authors: Souza Katia Reis de
Published: October 2014

Neste artigo, analisa-se o ponto de vista dos trabalhadores de escolas públicas, no Rio de Janeiro, a respeito das mudanças necessárias no trabalho em escolas, sob a perspectiva do campo da saúde do trabalhador. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a precarização do trabalho em escolas vem produzindo efeitos sobre a saúde dos profissionais da educação. Adotou-se, como perspectiva metodológica, a pesquisa qualitativa. Participaram da pesquisa doze trabalhadores da rede pública de educação, com funções diversas em doze escolas diferentes. Realizamos entrevistas individuais, seguindo um roteiro semiestruturado com perguntas abertas. Quanto à técnica de análise das falas, adotamos a "análise do discurso", chegando a quatro categorias principais de análise. No ângulo de compreensão dos trabalhadores, constatamos tanto a aspiração à transformação material das condições laborais quanto o sonho de uma mudança no modelo de gestão predominante em escolas para o modo participativo, superando as estruturas verticais e hierarquizadas de organização do trabalho escolar.
Non isothermal kinetic study of the aluminium titanate formation in alumina-titania mixtures
Authors: Rendtorff N. M. , Suárez G. , Aglietti E. F.
Published: October 2014

Aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) is a high refractoriness material with excellent thermal shock resistance. Hence it is suitable for several applications at elevated temperatures where insulation and thermal shock resistance are required. Such as components of internal combustion engines, exhaust port liners, metallurgy, and thermal barriers. The thermal instability of Al2TiO5 at high temperature is another characteristic of this material that has been studied and controlled by the incorporation of several additives. The Al2TiO5 formation from pure oxides presents an endothermic peak in the differential thermal analysis (DTA). The thermodynamic temperature is 1280 ºC. But experimentally, as in every other DTA experiment, these peaks strongly depend on the heating rate: this fact has been extensively employed for the kinetic study of transformation processes and the mechanism determination of chemical reactions. Both activation energies (Ea) and nucleation rates can be obtained from these experiments. The present work reports the formation Ea of Al2TiO5 prepared from pure oxides at air atmosphere by the Kissinger DTA based methods. Previously the particle size distribution of the starting powders together with X-ray diffraction analysis of the starting powders and the resulting materials was carried out. The properties of the Al2TiO5 formation were grouped into two groups corresponding to the low and high heating rates, below and over 5 K/min. Ea values were obtained after the Avrami (n) constant evidenced that the crystallization mechanism is strongly related to the heating rate, even in the wide range studied which includes the technological ones(0.5-40 K/min).
Projeto de um banco de ensaio de desgaste do tipo "pin-on-disc"
Authors: Ramos D. T. L. , Pallone E. M. J. A. , Purquerio B. M. , Fortulan C. A.
Published: October 2014

O estudo trata do projeto, fabricação e validação de um banco de ensaio de desgaste do tipo pin-on-disc. Estudos de atrito e desgaste de deslizamento de cerâmicas geralmente tem utilizado equipamentos do tipo pin-on-disc. Este tipo de equipamento tem sido referenciado como um dos que melhor representa o estudo de desgaste e que apresenta melhor reprodutibilidade dos resultados em diversos laboratórios. O presente trabalho, no cumprimento da normalização vigente e no atendimento de interesses dos diversos usuários, pesquisadores ou técnicos, objetiva o projeto e a fabricação de banco de ensaio de desgaste do tipo pin-on-disc para ensaio de amostras com variadas dimensões obtidas por diversas técnicas de manufatura. As premissas do projeto visam um equipamento que garanta a manutenção do torque e velocidade de deslizamento ao longo do experimento, calibragem da carga no próprio equipamento, medição de coeficiente de atrito ao longo do ensaio, possibilidade de ensaio à seco ou com fluídos e amortecimento das vibrações. Um protótipo compacto foi construído e validado no desgaste do par tribológico de alumina. Foi obtido um equipamento de fabricação accessível e reprodutível baseado em acionamento por servo motor, mesa de granito sintético, suspensão por coxins para amortecimento das vibrações e contínua medição de força de atrito durante o experimento. Para analise de validação foi aplicada carga de 30 N e velocidade de deslizamento de 0,5 m/s obtendo taxa de desgaste média de 15x10-6 mm³/N.m e volume de desgaste de 1,2 mm³ após 4000 m de deslizamento gerando força de atrito média de 23 N, resultados estes compatíveis com ensaios similares.
Esportes de raquete para deficientes intelectuais leves: uma proposta fundamentada na pedagogia do esporte
Authors: Guioti Tiago Del Tedesco , Toledo Eliana de , Scaglia Alcides José
Published: October 2014

a prática dos esportes de raquetes ainda parece ser inexistente em diferentes instituições brasileiras de ensino, formais e não formais, e não são oportunizadas para pessoas com necessidades especiais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é ofertar uma proposta pedagógica para a vivência destes esportes para alunos com deficiência intelectual leve. A proposta fundamentou-se em princípios como normalização, socialização e da diminuição do sentimento de preconceito. Ela está composta por itens descritos no manuscrito, que ser referem desde a apresentação desse esporte para os alunos até a consecução das atividades a serem desenvolvidas. Conclui-se que a proposta pedagógica é uma aproximação entre os esportes de raquete e alunos com deficiência intelectual, e que está alicerçada nas prerrogativas da Pedagogia do Esporte.
SURVIVAL ESTIMATES OF BYCATCH INDIVIDUALS DISCARDED FROM BIVALVE DREDGES
Authors: Leitão Francisco , Range Pedro , Gaspar Miguel Baptista
Published: October 2014

The fate of released bycatch is an issue of great interest for fisheries research and management. Survival experiments were carried out to assess the survival capacity of animals damaged and discarded during clam dredging operations. Three common bycatch species, two fish (Trachinus vipera; Dicologlossa cuneata) and one crab (Polybius henslowii), were collected during the sorting of catches from a commercial dredging boat. An arbitrary score scale was used to quantify the type and extent of damage to the organisms. Onboard, damaged individuals were placed in tanks containing seawater which were subsequently transferred to the laboratory. Survival experiments were conducted during the subsequent 48h. D. cuneata exhibited the lowest mortality after 48h (54%), followed by P. henslowii (65%) and T. vipera (81%). Despite the magnitude of the percentage mortalities determined, the average number of individuals estimated to die during a 15 minutes tow (standard commercial fishing time) was relatively small: 1.2, 3.24 and 11 for D. cuneata, T. vipera and P. henslowii, respectively. Nevertheless, when these figures are extrapolated to cover all the dredging fleet the impact of this practice on the populations of the species studied can be significant, particulary for D. cuneata.