bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value Analysis of Anatomic and Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis with an Intact Rotator Cuff
Authors: Polisetty Teja S. , Colley Ryan , Levy Jonathan C.
Published: May 2021

Background:

While anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has historically been considered the ideal treatment for end-stage glenohumeral osteoarthritis, reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has recently gained popularity. With substantial differences in implant design and cost between TSA and RSA, further investigation of outcomes and value is needed to support recent trends. The purpose of this study was to use the average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER and ICER) and the procedure value index (PVI) to examine differences in outcomes and value between TSA and RSA for treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis with an intact rotator cuff.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective matched-cohort study of patients treated with primary shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis with an intact rotator cuff who had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Outcome measures analyzed included the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaire, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and overall satisfaction. Patients treated with TSA were matched 4:1 to those treated with RSA based on sex, age, and preoperative SST score. Value differences between TSA and RSA were calculated. Radiographs were analyzed for preoperative glenoid classification and postoperative radiolucent lines and gross loosening.

Results:

Two hundred and fifty-two TSA-treated patients were matched to 63 RSA-treated patients with no significant differences in sex, age, or preoperative SST score. Total hospitalization costs, charges, and reimbursements along with outcome improvements in units of minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) and patient satisfaction did not differ between the groups. For RSA, the implant cost was significantly higher than that for TSA, but the operating room, anesthesia, and cement costs were lower. The TSA group had a 3.2% rate of gross glenoid loosening and a 2.4% revision rate. There was no loosening or revision in the RSA group. None of the value analytics differed between groups even after inclusion of the outcomes and costs of early TSA revisions.

Conclusions:

TSA and RSA demonstrated similar outcomes and value when used to manage glenohumeral osteoarthritis with an intact rotator cuff.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparing 4-Year Changes in Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Ankle Arthroplasty and Arthrodesis
Authors: Sangeorzan Bruce J. , Ledoux William R. , Shofer Jane B. , Davitt James , Anderson John G. , Bohay Donald , Coetzee J. Chris , Maskill John , Brage Michael , Norvell Daniel C.
Published: May 2021

Background:

The rate of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is increasing relative to ankle arthrodesis (AA) for patients seeking surgical treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis. Patients and providers would benefit from a more complete understanding of the rate of improvement, the average length of time to achieve maximal function and minimal pain, and whether there is a greater decline in function or an increase in pain over time following TAA compared with AA. The objectives of this study were to compare treatment changes in overall physical and mental function and ankle-specific function, as well as pain intensity at 48 months after TAA or AA in order to determine if the improvements are sustained.

Methods:

This was a multisite prospective cohort study that included 517 participants (414 TAA and 103 AA) who presented for surgical treatment. Participants were compared 48 months after surgery using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Activities of Daily Living and Sports subscales (0 to 100 points), the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical and Mental Component Summary (PCS and MCS) scores (0 to 100 points), and pain scores (0 to 10 points).

Results:

Both groups achieved significant improvement in the 2 FAAM measures, the SF-36 PCS score, and all of the pain measures at 48 months after surgey (p < 0.001). Mean improvements from baseline in patients undergoing TAA for the FAAM Activities of Daily Living, FAAM Sports, and SF-36 scores were at least 9 points, 8 points, and 3.5 points, respectively, which were higher than in those undergoing AA. Mean improvements in worst and average pain were at least 0.9 point higher in patients undergoing TAA than in those undergoing AA at 12, 24, and 36 months. These differences were attenuated by 48 months. For both treatments, all improvements from baseline to 24 months had been maintained at 48 months.

Conclusions:

When both procedures are performed by the same group of surgeons, patients who undergo TAA or AA for end-stage ankle arthritis have significant improvement in overall function, ankle-specific function, and pain at 48 months after surgery, with better functional improvement in the TAA group.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Complications of Intraosseous Access
Authors: Arakawa Jordan , Woelber Erik , Working Zachary , Meeker James , Friess Darin
Published: May 2021

Cases:

Intraosseous (IO) access is an effective surrogate for intravascular access in critically ill patients. We present 2 cases of IO complications. The first patient is a 44-year-old man with deep peroneal nerve sensorimotor dysfunction due to possible missed acute compartment syndrome from improper placement of a tibial IO needle. The second patient is an immunosuppressed 69-year-old man with idiopathic factor VIII deficiency who required amputation 7 months after right tibia IO access.

Conclusion:

These adverse events of IO access are limited in the literature. We make recommendations to reduce these outcomes.
Prepatellar Glomus Tumor of the Knee without an Identifiable Mass on MRI
Authors: Berlinberg Elyse J. , Markus Danielle H. , Jour George , Strauss Eric J.
Published: May 2021

Case:

A 71-year-old man presented with extreme anterior knee pain. His history, physical examination, and imaging were consistent with prepatellar bursitis, but his pain seemed out of proportion for these findings. The patient eventually underwent marginal excision of the inflamed prepatellar bursa which histopathology identified as a glomangioma. Postoperatively, he has complete resolution of his pain and has returned to his daily activities.

Conclusion:

Glomus tumors are a rare cause of severe knee pain that completely resolves after excision. In the patient with extreme, localized knee sensitivity, it is important to consider this pathology even if no mass is identified on imaging.
untitled
Authors: Roberts Matana
Published: May 2021

Matana Roberts is a saxophonist, composer, and artist. In this open letter—and call to action—she describes the intergenerational trauma that has resulted from the history of white supremacy and police violence against persons of African descent, and reminds us how race and racism are intimately linked to health in myriad ways.
Palladium Nanoparticles on Modified Cellulose as a Novel Catalyst for Low Temperature Gas Reactions
Authors: Gioria Esteban , Signorini Chiara , Taleb María Claudia , Mihályi Magdolna , Gutierrez Laura
Published: May 2021

Palladium was incorporated into carboxymethylated cellulose fibers as a support, thereby becoming an efficient and stable catalyst for low temperature gas phase reaction. Thus, NO was used as test molecule of Greenhouse Gas to be catalytically reduced with hydrogen on an eco-friendly sustainable material containing palladium as the active site. Prior to the catalytic test, the catalysts were reduced with glucose as an eco-friendly reagent. The material characterization was performed by SEM-EDS, XRD, LRS, TGA and FTIR.The catalytic results showed that at 170°C, NO conversion was 100% with a selectivity of 70% to nitrogen. While NOX species were completely converted into N2 at temperatures higher than 180°C. The starting commercial material Solucell® was also studied, but its performance resulted lower than the ones of functionalized fibers.The use of this strategy, i.e., the functionalization of cellulose fibers followed by in-situ formation of metallic nanoparticles, can be further applied for the design of a wide range of materials with interesting applications for gas and liquid phase reactions under mild conditions.
Tetracarbonate melts and the fate of primordial carbon in the deep Earth
Authors: Cerantola Valerio , Sahle Christoph , Petitgirard Sylvain , Wu Min , Checchia Stefano , Weis Christopher , Michel Marco Di , Vaughan Gavin , Collings Ines , Arató Róbert , Wilke Max , Jones Adrian , Hanfland Michael , Tse John
Published: May 2021

Much of Earth’s carbon is thought to have been stripped away from the silicate mantle by dense metallic-iron to form the core1. However, recent studies2,3 suggest that a considerable part of it could have remained stranded in the deep mantle due to a change in its affinity to dissolve into iron metal-alloys at the extreme pressures and temperatures of the deep Earth. The underlying physical phenomena that would render carbon less siderophile at extreme conditions remain elusive. Here we describe the compaction mechanisms and structural evolution of a simple carbonate glass to deep mantle pressures by monitoring the evolution of the electronic state and atomic structure of the glass upon compression. Our new experiments demonstrate a pressure-induced change in hybridization of carbon from sp2 to sp3 starting at 40 GPa, due to the conversion of [3]CO32- groups into [4]CO44- units, which is completed at ~112 GPa. The pressure-induced increase of carbon coordination number from three to four increases possibilities for carbon-oxygen interactions with lower mantle silicates and increased compatibility4,5. Tetracarbonate melts provide a mechanism for changing the presumed siderophile nature of deep carbon and instead imply storage of carbon in the deep mantle as a possible source for carbon-rich emissions registered at the surface in intra-plate and near-ridge hot spots6,7
qRT-PCR-based DNA homologous recombination associated 4-gene score predicts pathologic complete response to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zuo Ke , Yuan Xiaoying , Liang Xizi , Sun Xiangjie , Liu Shujin , Connell Philip p. , Li Xingmin , Yang Wentao
Published: May 2021

PurposeCumulative evidences suggested the addition of platinum agents as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) could improve pathologic complete response (pCR) in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). We tried to develop a DNA homologous recombination (HR) associated gene expression score to predict tumor sensitivity to platinum-based NACT in TNBC.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 127 TNBC patients, who were diagnosed and received platinum-based NACT in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2012 to 2017, was included in this study. By using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression level of eight HR associated genes was analyzed from the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded core needle biopsy samples which obtained before NACT. A random forest model was built to estimate the weight of each gene expression level and clinical-pathological factors. The training set was used to modulate parameters and select the best model. The performance of the final model was evaluated in the validation set. ResultsA 4-gene (BRCA1, XRCC5, PARP1, RAD51) expression scoring system was developed. TNBC with higher score had nearly quadruple likelihood to achieve pCR to platinum-based NACT compared with a lower score [odds ratio (OR)=3.878; P<0.001]. At the cut-off value of -2.644, the 4-gene score system showed high sensitivity in predicting pCR in breast (93.0%) and pCR in both breast/axilla (91.8%), while, at the cut-off value of -1.969, the 4-gene score showed high specificity for pCR in breast (85.7%) and pCR in both breast/axilla (80.8%). ConclusionThe qRT-PCR-based 4-gene score has the potential to predict pCR to platinum-based NACT in TNBC.
Assessing the performance of 33 CMIP6 models in simulating the large-scale environmental fields of tropical cyclones
Authors: Han Ying , Zhang Mengzhuo , Xu Zhongfeng , Guo Weidong
Published: May 2021

General circulation model (GCM) biases are one of the important sources of biases and uncertainty in dynamic downscaling–based simulations. The ability of regional climate models to simulate tropical cyclones (TCs) is strongly affected by the ability of GCMs to simulate the large-scale environmental field. Thus, in this work, we employ a recently developed multivariable integrated evaluation method to assess the performance of 33 CMIP6 (phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) models in simulating multiple fields. The CMIP6 models are quantitatively evaluated against two reanalysis datasets over five ocean areas. The results show that most of the CMIP6 models overestimate the mid-level humidity in almost all tropical oceans. The multi-model ensemble mean overestimates the vertical shear of the horizontal winds in the Northeast Pacific and North Atlantic. An increase in model horizontal resolution appears to be helpful in improving the model simulations. For example, there are 6–8 models with higher resolution among the top 10 models in terms of overall model performance in simulating the climatology and interannual variability of multiple variables. Similarly, there are 7–8 models with lower resolution among the bottom 10 patterns. The model skill varies depending on the region and variable being evaluated. Although no model performs best in all regions and for all variables, some models do show relatively good capability in simulating the large-scale environmental field of TCs. For example, the MPI-ESM1-2-LR, MPI-ESM1-2-HR, and FIO-ESM-2-0 models show relatively good skill in simulating the climatology and interannual variability of the large-scale environmental field in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Construction and Demolition Waste As Recycled Aggregate for Environmentally-Friendly Concrete Paving.
Authors: Llanes Manuel Contreras , Pérez Maximina Romero , González Manuel Jesús Gázquez , Raya Juan Pedro Bolívar
Published: May 2021

Recycled aggregates (RA) from construction and demolition waste (CDW) instead of natural aggregates (NA) was analysed in the manufacture of new eco-friendly concrete. Fine (FRA) and coarse (CRA) recycled aggregates were used in different percentages as substitutes of natural sand and gravel, respectively. The results revealed that the use of RA in percentages of up to 50 wt.% are feasible. Additionally, RA were used to produce paving blocks in accordance with industrial requirements. Thus, values of water absorption lesser than 6% and tensile strength upper than 3.6 MPa were obtained, which are similar to those of a reference sample. These results were achieved by reducing the incorporation of cement, thereby saving production costs and minimizing environmental impact.
Conflict or Coordination? Assessment of Coordinated Development between Socioeconomic and Ecological Environment in Resource-based Cities ： Evidence from Sichuan Province of China
Authors: Xiao Yi , Li Yuan , Huang Huan
Published: May 2021

The relationship between socioeconomic and ecological environment become a significant factor influencing the sustainable development of resource-based cities (RBCs), the transformation of RBCs is a key component of regional high-quality development. A comprehensive evaluation indicator system was constructed to research the coupling coordination level of RBCs in this paper, the dynamic DM model and the CCD model were adopted to measure the comprehensive level of the coupling coordination degree between socioeconomic and ecological environment of the 9 resource-based cities in Sichuan province. The results showed that the coupling coordination level was not ideal. Only two cities were located to the moderate coordination, and other cities were located to the primary coordination or tiny coordination. In addition, there was a significant different between SE and EE, and the comprehensive evaluation score of SE was lower than that of EE in eight RBCs, which accounting for 88.89%. Based on this, the policy suggestions for the sustainable development of different type of RBCs were provided. This study offers a model of China’s experience that might be benefit for achieving sustainable development goals (SGDs) of other cities and countries.
Modeling And Characterization of Carrier Mobility For Truncated Conical Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: El-Batawy Yasser M. , Feraig Marwa
Published: May 2021

In the present paper, a full theoretical model for calculating the carrier mobility coming as a result of the existence of a truncated conical quantum dots of n-type quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) is developed. This model is built on solving Boltzmann’s transport equation that is a complex integro-differential equation describing the carrier transport. The time-domain finite-difference method is used in this numerical solution. The influences of dimensions and density of the QDs for this structure on the carrier mobility are studied. Eventually, the calculated mobility for truncated conical InAs/GaAs QDIP is contrasted to other conical, spherical, and hemispherical QD structures. The model put forward is a generic model that is applicable to various structures of truncated conical QDs devices.
Emodin-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer to Doxorubicin by inhibiting epithelial mesenchymal transition
Authors: Zou Tengteng , Lan Meng , Li Lihong , Cai Tiange , Cai Yu
Published: May 2021

Background
The role of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance has been increasingly recognized. However, it’s necessary to search for more effective strategies to inhibit EMT thereby increase the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. Emodin has a potential in overcoming tumor drug resistance and restraining the development of EMT, but the poor internalization into breast cancer cells limited the application.
Results
MCF-7/ADR cells have more EMT characteristics than MCF-7 cell. EMT in MCF-7/ADR cells promotes the development of drug resistance via apoptosis resistance and facilitating the expression of P-gp. The anti-cancer effect of DOX enhanced by the decreasing of drug resistance protein P-gp and apoptosis related proteins after EMT inhibited in MCF-7/ADR cells. E-PLNs increase the cellular uptake of EMO and restore DOX sensitivity in MCF-7/ADR cells by inhibiting EMT.
Conclusion
E-PLNs inhibit EMT to enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer to DOX. The combination of E-PLNs and DOX can improve the efficacy of DOX in the treatment of breast cancer, which provides a new method to prevent or delay clinical drug resistance.
Characteristics and Bioactivities of Carrageenan/Chitosan Microparticles Loading Α-mangostin
Authors: Nguyen Hien Thi , Nguyen Chinh Thuy , Nguyen Tu Thi Minh , Hoang Hoa Dinh , Tran Trang Do Mai , Tran Thang Dinh , Hoang Thao Phuong , Le Tan Van , Tran Ngan Thi Kim , Thai Hoang
Published: May 2021

This study attempted to develop carrageenan/chitosan based microparticles loading α-mangostin which was extracted from Vietnamese mangosteen skin. The carrageenan/chitosan/α-mangostin microparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method by mixing chitosan, carrageenan with α-mangostin and subsequently cross-linking the mixtures with sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinking agent. The content of α-mangostin in microparticles was changed to evaluate the effect of α-mangostin content on physical, morphological properties, particles size and bioactivities of the carrageenan/chitosan/α-mangostin microparticles. The obtained results showed that carrageenan, chitosan was interacted together and with α-mangostin. The presence of polymers matrix improved the release ability of α-mangostin into ethanol/pH buffer solutions. The carrageenan/chitosan/ α-mangostin microparticles have antibacterial (gram (+) strains) and anti-oxidant activities. The results suggested that combination of chitosan and carrageenan in the microparticles can enhance the control release of α-mangostin into solutions as well as keep the bioactivities of α-mangostin.
Electroencephalography Sample Entropy of Driver Passive Fatigue Threshold in Automated Driving
Authors: Zhang Yijing , Ma Jinfei , Zhang Chi , Chang Ruosong
Published: May 2021

With the continuous improvement of automated vehicles, researchers have found that automated driving is more likely to cause insufficient mental workload for the driver, which induces passive fatigue and endangers traffic safety. To explore the impact of automation and scenario complexity on the passive fatigue of the driver, we developed a three-factor, 2 (automated driving, manual driving) × 2 (monotonic condition, engaging condition) × 6 (measurement stage: 1–6) mixed experiment. We collected electroencephalography (EEG), detection-response task (DRT) performance, and the subjective report scores of 48 drivers. We found that in automated driving under monotonic conditions, the topographic map’s activation range of the drivers brain was the smallest in the six stages, and the mental workload of this group continued to maintain the lowest state at each stage; however, the subjectively reported fatigue level was significantly increased; thus, the driver experienced passive fatigue. After simulating a low-load scenario for 40 min, the power of the alpha of the driver’s EEG indicators increased significantly, the accuracy of the detection reaction task decreased, and the reaction time became slower. The EEG sample’s entropy value of the driver’s passive fatigue was 0.243, and the judgement accuracy rate was 0.71. We proved that in automated driving under monotonic conditions, the driver is more prone to passive fatigue owing to insufficient mental workload.
Assessing risk to human health for heavy metal contamination from public point utility through ground dust: a case study in Nantong, China
Authors: Wang Yanping , Qian Peng , Li Dongming , Chen Haifeng , Zhou Xiangqian
Published: May 2021

Heavy metal contamination in ground dust presents potential environmental and human health threats. However, the heavy metal contamination status of ground dust in the vicinity of public point utilities remain poorly explored. Therefore, this study has been designed to analyze the heavy metal contaminations in the ground dust collected monthly near a public bronze sculpture in an urban campus of Nantong, China, using geo-accumulation indexes (Igeo), enrichment factors (EF), potential ecological risk indexes (RI), and health risks (non-carcinogenic risks-HI and carcinogenic risks-CR). This study revealed that the maximum Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in ground dust samples were 156.2, 708.8, 869.8, 140.8, 180.5, and 1089.7 mg kg-1 respectively in which the mean Cu and Zn concentrations were 9 and 7 times higher than the background level in soil. Temporally speaking, for the majority of heavy metals (with the exception of Ni), the high concentration seasons tend to mainly be the summer and autumn, as indicated by the higher Xlf and SIRM values during those seasons. It was observed that Cu and Zn exhibited significant enrichment (EF = 11.7 and 8.4, respectively), moderate to strong pollution (Igeo = 2.4 and 2.0, respectively), and moderate and low potential ecological risks (Eir = 45.6 and 6.6, respectively). The non-carcinogenic risks which adults exposed to the heavy metal concentrations suffered were found to be insignificant. However, the carcinogenic risks related to Ni (1.3E-04) had exceeded the acceptable level. Based on the obtained PCA and correlation analysis, the heavy metal concentrations in the ground dust of urban campuses could be related to public utilities, traffic-related exhaust sources, and industrial activities. This study’s findings demonstrated that urban public utilities require increased attention due to their significant enrichment, ecological risk factors, and the significant carcinogenic risks to the population.
Perfect isolation of π-conjugated molecules on inorganic surfaces with [1]rotaxane structure for enhancing electrical properties
Authors: Chou Sheng-Ying , Masai Hiroshi , Otani Masaya , Sakamoto Gentaro , Yamada Yusuke , Kinoshita Yusuke , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Katase Takayoshi , Ohta Hiromichi , Kondo Tomoki , Nakada Akinobu , Abe Ryu , Tanaka Takahisa , Uchida Ken , Terao Jun
Published: May 2021

π-Conjugated molecules have been utilized to functionalize inorganic surfaces to form organic–inorganic hybrid materials. However, the intrinsically strong π–π interaction results in undesirable aggregations on the inorganic surface, thereby disturbing the charge transfer through the organic–inorganic interface. In this study, a new strategy was developed using insulated π-conjugated molecules bearing a [1]rotaxane structure, where the π-conjugation was covered with covalently linked permethylated α-cyclodextrins. Aggregation-free immobilization was achieved on an inorganic surface by using insulated molecules to suppress intermolecular interaction. In the presence of these insulated molecules, the hybrid interface displayed excellent interfacial electrical properties. Moreover, the functionalized hybrid surface was utilized as an electrocatalyst to produce hydrogen peroxide using a Co(II)–chlorin complex, wherein the catalytic efficiency was improved dramatically by utilizing insulated molecules as bridging moieties at the interface. These results demonstrate that the insulation of π-conjugated molecules is a powerful strategy for modifying inorganic surfaces.
Enhancing Denitrification in Constructed Wetland with Algae Addition
Authors: Cheng Shuiping , Huai Jing , Zhong Fei , Wu Juan , Yu Shaole
Published: May 2021

Constructed wetlands (CWs) can be used for tertiary treatment of wastewater; however, carbon source shortages limit denitrification. We studied the effect of algae addition as an external carbon source in CWs and found that the nitrogen removal efficiency of CWs is highly dependent on the algae dosage. Optimal nitrogen removal can be achieved by adding 80 mg·L− 1 dry weight algae to the influent when the chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratio reaches 5.3. Longitudinal changes in the nitrogen concentrations, organic matter concentrations, and nitrogen functional genes were also analyzed. The algae addition strengthened the anoxic environment, boosted the volatile fatty acid concentrations, and proliferated the nitrite reductase gene (nirS) and the nitrite oxidoreductase alpha subunit gene (nxrA), thereby expanding the active space for denitrification. The integration of algal ponds with CWs could potentially provide enough carbon to enhance denitrification during treatment of wastewater with a low COD/N ratio.
Video Person Reidentification based on Neural Ordinary Differential Equations and Graph Convolution Network
Authors: ZHANG Li-qiang , HUANG Long-yang , DUAN Xiao-li
Published: May 2021

Person reidentification rate has become a challenging research topic in the field of computer vision due to the fact that person appearance is easily affected by lighting, posture and perspective. In order to make full use of the continuity of video data on the time line and the unstructured relationship of features, a video person reidentification algorithm combining the neural ordinary differential equation with the graph convolution network is proposed in this paper. First, a continuous time model is constructed by using the ordinary differential equation (ODE) network so as to capture hidden information between video frames. By simulating the hidden space of the hidden variables with the hidden time series model, the hidden information between frames that may be ignored in the discrete model can be obtained. Then, the features of the generated video frames are given to the graph convolution network to reconstruct them. Finally, weak supervision are used to classify the features. Experiments on PRID2011 data sets show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve person reidentification performance.
Prevalence and predictors of anaemia among adolescents in India: An exploration from Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults Survey
Authors: Chauhan Shekhar , Kumar Pradeep , Marbaniang Strong Pillar , Srivast Shobhit , Patel Ratna
Published: May 2021

Background

Anaemia is a public health concern affecting both developed and developing countries with significant consequences for both human health as well as social and economic development. Unfortunately, the anaemia intervention program, such as the National Nutrition Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme, mostly targets infants, young children, pregnant and lactation women, and not adolescents. Therefore, this study tries to fill this gap, aimed to study the prevalence of anaemia and the associated factors among adolescent boys and girls residing in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India.
Methods

Secondary data analysis was performed on cross-sectional survey data from the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) project survey. Three levels of severity of anaemia were distinguished: mild anaemia, moderate anaemia, and severe anaemia. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to find the preliminary results. To provide the adjusted estimates for the analysis, multinomial regression analysis was carried out.
Results

Overall, a higher percentage of adolescent girls suffered from mild (42% vs. 23.7%) and moderate/severe (20% vs. 8.7%) anemia compared to the adolescent boys. Moderate/severe anemia was 0.24 and 0.49 times less likely among adolescent boys and girls, respectively, who had 10 & above years of schooling than adolescents with no schooling (p < 0.01). Rural adolescent boys were 1.22 (p < 0.10) and 1.49 times (p < 0.05) more likely to suffer from mild and moderate/severe anemia, respectively, compared to urban counterparts.
Conclusion

Anaemia among adolescents must be addressed through effective public health policy targeting adolescents residing in poor households and rural areas. There is a need to disseminate information about anaemia through mass media, and subsequently, the public health system may be prepared to tailor the needs of adolescent boys and girls.
Nitrogen Reduction by the Fe Sites of Synthetic [Mo3S4Fe] Cubes
Authors: Ohki Yasuhiro , Munakata Kenichiro , Hara Ryota , Kachi Mami , Uchida Keisuke , Tada Mizuki , Cramer Roger , Sameera Wmc , Takayama Tsutomu , Sakai Yoichi , Kuriyama Shogo , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki , Tanifuji Kazuki
Published: May 2021

N2 fixation by Nature, which is a crucial process to supply bio-available forms of nitrogen, is performed by nitrogenase. This enzyme employs a unique transition metal-sulfur-carbon cluster as its active-site cofactor ([(R-homocitrate)MoFe7S9C], FeMoco), and the sulfur-surrounded Fe atoms have been postulated to capture and reduce N2. Whereas synthetic counterparts of FeMoco, metal-sulfur clusters, have displayed binding of N2 in a few examples, the reduction of N2 by any synthetic metal-sulfur clusters or even by the extracted form of FeMoco have remained elusive despite a near-50-year history of research. Here we show that the Fe atoms in our synthetic [Mo3S4Fe] cubes capture an N2 molecule and catalyze N2 silylation to form N(SiMe3)3 under treatment with excess Na and Me3SiCl. These results exemplify the first catalytic N2 reduction by a synthetic metal-sulfur cluster with an Fe center supported only by S ligands. This work demonstrates the N2-reducing capability of Fe atoms in a S-rich environment, which Nature has selected to accomplish a similar purpose. This work also suggests some critical features for successful by metal-sulfur compounds, which serve as clues to understand the origin of N2 fixation on Earth.
Impairment of emotional expression detection after unilateral amygdala resection
Authors: Sato Wataru , Usui Naotaka , Sawada Reiko , Kondo Akihiko , Toichi Motomi , Inoue Yushi
Published: May 2021

Detecting facial emotional expressions is an initial and indispensable for face-to-face communication. Neuropsychological studies on the neural substrates of this process have shown that bilateral amygdala lesions impaired the detection of emotional facial expressions. However, the findings were inconsistent, possibly due to the limited number of patients examined. Furthermore, this processing is based on emotional or visual factors of facial expressions remains unknown. To investigate this issue, we tested the group of patients (n = 23) with unilateral resection of anterior temporal lobe structures, including the amygdala, and compared their performance under resected and intact hemisphere stimulation conditions. The patients were asked to detect normal facial expressions of anger and happiness, and artificially created anti-expressions, among a crowd with neutral expressions. Reaction times were shorter to detect normal versus anti-expressions when the target faces were presented to the contralateral visual field (i.e., stimulation of the intact hemisphere) than to the ipsilateral visual field (i.e., stimulation of the resected hemisphere). Our findings suggest that the amygdala plays an essential role in the detection of emotional facial expressions, according to the emotional significance of the expressions.
Regional Changes in Myocardial Strain Predict Ventricular Remodelling after Myocardial Infarction in a Large Animal Model
Authors: Mansell Doyin S. , Bruno Vito D. , Sammut Eva , Chiribiri Amedeo , Johnson Tom , Khaliulin Igor , Lopez Daniel Baz , Gill H. S. , Fraser Katharine H. , Murphy Michael , Krieg Thomas , Suleiman M. Saadeh , George Sarah J. , Ascione Raimondo , Cookson Andrew N.
Published: May 2021

To identify early predictors of late left ventricular remodelling (LVR) post-myocardial infarction (MI) and related molecular signatures, a porcine model of closed-chest balloon MI was used. LVR was assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) at baseline, 12–48 hours (acute), and 5–6 weeks (chronic) post-MI. Changes in myocardial strain and strain rates were derived from CMRI data. Tissue proteomics was compared between infarcted and non-infarcted territories. Peak values of left ventricular (LV) apical circumferential strain (ACS) changed over time together with peak global circumferential strain (GCS) while peak GLS epicardial strains or strain rates did not change over time. LVR post-MI enhanced abundance of 39 proteins in infarcted LV territories,21 of which correlated with LV equatorial circumferential strain rate (ECSR). The strongest associations were observed for D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (D-3PGDH), cysteine and glycine-rich protein-2 (CG-RP-2), and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1). Results indicate that early changes in regional peak ACS predict late LV remodelling and LVR post-MI is associated with augmented levels of D-3PGDH and sFRP1, which show the strongest association with peak ECSR. These findings might help to prevent LVR post-MI by influencing/directing LV unloading strategies or by pharmacological control of tissue levels of D-3PGDH and sFRP1.
Molecular mechanisms mediating stiffening in the mechanically adaptable connective tissues of sea cucumbers
Authors: Bonneel Marie , Hennebert Elise , Aranko Sesilja , Hwang Dong Soo , Lefevre Mathilde , Pommier Valentine , Wattiez Ruddy , Delroisse Jérôme , Flammang Patrick
Published: May 2021

In most animals, connective tissues such as the dermis or tendons present invariant mechanical properties, fine-tuned for their structural function. However, echinoderms, a group of sea creatures including sea cucumbers, possess the ability to voluntarily modify the mechanical properties of their connective tissues, which are therefore called mutable collagenous tissues (MCT). Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying MCT mutability is a prerequisite for the development of biomimetic smart dynamic materials. The stiffening and softening cycles of MCTs are made possible by the release of specialized effector proteins. We identified a stiffening factor from the dermis of Holothuria forskali, Hf-(D)Tensilin, and showed that it is localized in the secretory granules of juxtaligamental-like cells, a MCT specific cell type. Using recombinant proteins, we confirmed its effect on the dermis and its aggregation effect on extracted collagen fibrils. A model is proposed for the molecular interactions which mediate collagen fibrils cross-linking by tensilin.
Locus of control moderates the association of COVID-19 stress and general mental distress: Results of a cross-sectional survey in two large samples from Norway, Germany, and Austria
Authors: Krampe Henning , Danbolt Lars Johan , Haver Annie , Stålsett Gry , Schnell Tatjana
Published: May 2021

Background: An internal locus of control (LoC I) refers to the belief that the outcome of events in one’s life is contingent upon one’s actions, whereas an external locus of control (LoC E) describes the belief that chance and powerful others control one's life. This study investigated whether LoC I and LoC E moderated the relationship between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress in the general population during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study analysed data from a Norwegian (n=1,225) and a German-speaking sample (n=1,527). We measured LoC with the Locus of Control-4 Scale (IE-4), COVID-19 stress with a scale developed for this purpose, and mental distress with the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4). Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results: The association between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress was strong (r=.61 and r=.55 for the Norwegian and the German-speaking sample, respectively). In both samples, LoC showed substantial moderation effects. LoC I served as a buffer (p<.001), and LoC E exacerbated (p<.001) the relation between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress. Conclusions: The data suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic is easier to bear for people who, despite pandemic-related strains, feel that they generally have influence over their own lives. An external locus of control, conversely, is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. The prevention of mental distress may be supported by enabling a sense of control through citizen participation in policy decisions and transparent explanation in their implementation.
Functional Organization of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Dictates the Susceptibility of Target Cells to Arsenite-Induced Mitochondrial Superoxide Formation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis
Authors: Guidarelli Andrea , Catalani Alessia , Varone Ersilia , Fumagalli Stefano , Zito Ester , Fiorani Mara , Cantoni Orazio , Spina Andrea
Published: May 2021

Arsenite induces many critical effects associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through different mechanisms. We focused on the Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial superoxide (mitoO2-.) formation and addressed questions on the effects of low concentrations of arsenite on the mobilization of the cation from the endoplasmic reticulum and the resulting mitochondrial accumulation. Using various differentiated and undifferentiated cell types uniquely expressing the inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), or both the IP3R and the ryanodine receptor (RyR), we determined that expression of this second Ca2+ channel is an absolute requirement for mitoO2-. formation and for the ensuing mitochondrial dysfunction and downstream apoptosis. In arsenite-treated cells, RyR was recruited after IP3R stimulation and agonist studies indicated that in these cells RyR is in close apposition with mitochondria. It was also interesting to observe that arsenite fails to promote mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, mitoO2-. formation, mitochondrial toxicity in RyR-devoid cells, in which the IP3R is in close contact with the mitochondria. We therefore conclude that low dose arsenite-induced mitoO2- formation and the resulting mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity, are prerequisite of cell types expressing the RyR in close apposition with mitochondria.
The Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cross-Section Area Ratio in the Prediction of Dural Ossification and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Thoracic Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum
Authors: Zhai Jiliang , Guo Shigong , Zhao Yu , Li Chunxu , Niu Tong
Published: May 2021

Background: It is imperative to preoperatively distinguish dural ossification (DO) and thus anticipate the risks and outcome of the surgery for patients with ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF). However, studies have disagreed as to the efficacy of the radiographic signs or factors to predict DO and surgical outcome. In additon, the association between the cerebrospinal fluid cross-section area ratio (CCAR) and DO or clinical outcome had not been reported. The purpose of this study was to analyse CCAR and its role in prediction of DO and neurological function recovery rate in patients with OLF.Methods: Fifty-two consecutive patients with OLF, who underwent posterior thoracic decompression and fusion between September 2012 and March 2019 at a single institution, were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, radiographic signs of DO, CCAR, pre- and postoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score were recorded. Results: There were 27 patients in the DO group and 25 patients in the non-DO group, with a mean age at surgery of 57.4 years and 53.9 years, respectively. No significant differences were found in sex, age, segment of maximum compression and preoperative mJOA score between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the value of CCAR had a relatively high value for diagnosis of DO and prediction of neurological function recovery rate ( P=.000). According to the value of CCAR, three zones were defined as DO zone (≤14.3%), non-DO zone (≥44.5%), and gray zone (14.3% to 44.5%). When the value of CCAR≤14.3%, the recovery rate was poor or fair, while it had good or excellent recovery when CCAR≥45.2%.Conclusion: The value of CCAR had a high diagnostic value for prediction of DO and neurological function recovery rate in patients with OLF.
Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures in Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA): Comparison Between Osteosynthesis and Revision
Authors: Scalici Gianluca , Boncinelli Debora , Zanna Luigi , Buzzi Roberto , Antonucci Laura , Maida Fabrizio Di , De Biase Pietro
Published: May 2021

Background Periprosthetic fractures are challenging complication of hip arthroplasty and a rare injury, but their incidence is increasing. The surgical treatment is demanding to achieve early mobilization and avoid the complications of prolonged recumbency. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment in periprosthetic femoral fractures of hip arthroplasty, making a comparison between implant revision and reduction and internal fixation of the fracture.Methods Authors retrospectively reviewed a series of 117 patients with total hip arthroplasty treated for periprosthetic femur fractures in the period between January 2013 and March 2018 at a single tertiary referral center. We collected the data of 70 patients who satisfied inclusion criteria. The fractures were classified according to the Unified Classification System (UCS) and randomized in two groups: reduction and internal fixation (G1) or revision arthroplasty (G2). Clinical outcomes were assessed with Oxford Hip Score post and pre-surgery, Barthel Score in relation to CIRS score (Cumulative illness rating scale), the type of fracture and post-operative complications with a minimum follow up of one year.Results Nominal univariable statistical analysis revealed significantly results concerning the difference between the post and pre-operative Oxford Hip Score (D Oxford) with type of treatment (p=0,008) and with the CIRS score (p=0,048). Moreover, we observed a strong significant relationship between type of treatment and type of fracture (P=0,0001). Multivariable analyses revealed that CIRS score was independently associated with Oxford Score improvement after surgery (P=0,024).Conclusions Authors reported how the surgical revision has a better functional outcome in B2 type of fracture than B1 or C, but the chosen treatment should be related to surgeon’s experience and patient’s comorbidities and a multidisciplinary team.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Genetic Testing for Hearing Loss: a Systematic Review and Synthesis
Authors: Rouse Stephanie L , Florentine Michelle M , Taketa Emily , Chan Dylan K
Published: May 2021

Racial/ethnic disparities in the diagnostic efficacy of genetic testing for hearing loss has been described. These disparities may relate to differences in variant classification between different racial/ethnic groups, which may in turn derive from disparate representation of these groups in the published literature. We sought to quantify racial/ethnic disparities in the published literature on the human genetics of hearing loss. We conducted a search of PubMed for articles describing single-gene, multiple-gene, or whole-exome sequencing for individuals with sensorineural hearing loss. Data on the populations studied, including race/ethnicity and/or region of origin, subjects tested, and method of testing, were extracted. 1,355 unique populations representing 311,092 subjects from 1,165 studies were included. Overall, White and Asian populations and subjects were equivalently represented, but Latinx, Black, and Native American/Hawaiian groups were significantly underrepresented; over 96% of all subjects in the published literature were White or Asian. Within racial/ethnic groups, the majority of subjects derived from a small subset of countries. The observed racial/ethnic disparity was greater for multiple-gene and whole-exome sequencing than for single-gene sequencing. These findings illustrate the large disparity in published literature on the genetics of hearing loss, and demonstrate the need for increased representation of Latinx, Black, and Native American populations.
3D printed multi-functional scaffolds based on poly(ε-caprolactone) and hydroxyapatite composite
Authors: Liu Fan , Kang Honglei , Liu Zhiwei , Jin Siyang , Yan Guoping , Sun Yunlong , Li Feng , Zhan Haifei , Gu Yuantong
Published: May 2021

Background: Biodegradable polymeric scaffolds are critical to repair a large bone defect, which can provide a porous and network microenvironment for cell attachment and bone tissue regeneration. A multifunctional biodegradable PCL/HA composite was prepared with the blending of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA). Subsequently, the PCL/HA scaffolds implants were produced by the screw extrusion/melting deposition forming method using PCL/HA composite as a raw material in this work. Results: Through a serial of in vitro assessments, it is found that the PCL/HA composite possesses good biodegradability, good biocompatibility, and steady drug release performance, which can improve the cell proliferation of osteoblast cells MC3T3-E1. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments were carried out for the rats with skull defect and rabbits with bone defects. It is observed that the PCL/HA scaffolds implants allow the adhesion and penetration of bone cells, which enables the growth of bone cells and bone tissue regeneration. With a composite design to load an anticancer drug and achieve sustained drug release, the scaffolds could enhance bone repair and be expected to inhibit the tumor cells and improve patient outcomes. Conclusions: This work signifies that PCL/HA composite can be used as the potential biodegradable scaffolds for bone repairing after bone malignant tumor resection.