bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyser le travail enseignant pour concevoir l’intervention éducative : est-ce utile et pour quoi faire ?
Authors: Grangeat Michel
Published: October 2013

Cet article s’attarde à l’intérêt et aux finalités de l’analyse de l’activité des professionnels de l’intervention éducative pour la conception, la construction et la conduite des dispositifs de formation qui leur sont destinés. Elle concerne plutôt le métier enseignant, mais aussi de nombreux métiers de l’humain. Inscrite dans le modèle de la didactique professionnelle, elle développe une réflexion à propos des cadres conceptuels et des méthodologies permettant de comprendre l’activité des professionnels et d’identifier leurs conceptualisations, dans le but de mieux adapter les dispositifs de formation. La première section observe la fonction du formateur et de l’apprenant dans les dispositifs de formation. La deuxième concerne l’articulation entre les dispositifs de formation et les apprentissages informels, ceux qui se construisent sans intervention préconçue. La troisième vise la conception des dispositifs de formation qui est une étape souvent délaissée dans les réflexions sur le développement professionnel. La quatrième, au regard des précédentes parties, propose une méthodologie pour modéliser les conceptualisations des professionnels à partir de l’analyse de leur activité. La conclusion ouvre sur des questionnements et des pistes de recherche.
Compagnonnage réflexif et intervention éducative
Authors: Beckers Jacqueline
Published: October 2013

L’article présente un dispositif d’accompagnement de futurs enseignants en stage qui vise à leur faire prendre conscience de leur modèle opératif et à le réguler pour garantir à leur intervention son caractère éducatif. Ces accompagnements sont gérés par de futurs formateurs, eux aussi stagiaires se préparant au métier de formateurs d’enseignants. Chaque duo (un futur enseignant et un futur formateur) s’engage dans une  « démarche régulatrice personnalisée » qui associe étroitement observations des pratiques du futur enseignant en classe par le futur formateur et échanges menés sur la base d’une trace de ces pratiques lors d’entretiens de régulation. Au cours de ceux-ci, sont analysés les liens entre les intentions éducatives du futur enseignant, le déroulement effectif de ses actions professionnelles, la manière dont il leur donne sens et se voit ou non devenir enseignant. La retranscription d’un entretien de régulation illustre à la fois la manière dont le futur enseignant s’approprie les outils de la formation, généralise ses démarches de gestion de la classe et des apprentissages et se construit progressivement comme professionnel enseignant.
Philosophie et littérature de jeunesse : la vérité, la fiction et la vie
Authors: Chirouter Edwige
Published: October 2013

Prendre en compte les interrogations métaphysiques des enfants est une grande tendance de la littérature de jeunesse contemporaine. L’enfant n’est plus considéré comme un petit être innocent, mais comme un sujet qui se pose des questions fondamentales sur le sens de la vie et du monde. L’enfant fait à chaque instant l’expérience de l’étonnement devant le monde. La question de la Vérité notamment le passionne : Qu’est-ce qui est vrai, qu’est-ce qui est faux ? Quelle est la différence entre une croyance et un savoir, etc. La littérature de jeunesse permet de réfléchir sur ces questions métaphysiques. À l’école élémentaire, les enseignants peuvent ainsi mettre en réseau des ouvrages sur ces questions et engager, à partir des lectures, des discussions philosophiques.
La littérature illustrée comme objet didactique : l’exemple de l’Histoire sous la loupe du LIMIER
Authors: Martel Virginie , Boutin Jean-François
Published: October 2013

Le présent texte s’articule autour de l’idée maitresse de littérature illustrée, qui devient d’ailleurs le principal objet d’investigation d’un regroupement de chercheurs en didactique et en pédagogie de l’Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR). Après avoir brièvement présenté ce groupe appelé LIMIER, en raison des thèmes rassembleurs qui lui ont donné naissance (littérature illustrée, médiathèque, interventions en éducation et recherche), le concept de littérature illustrée est étudié de façon critique. Par la suite, un problème didactique est analysé de façon exhaustive : il s’agit de démontrer la pertinence du recours aux textes littéraires illustrés pour appuyer l’essor des pratiques d’enseignement- apprentissage d’une discipline incontournable en sciences humaines, soit celle de l’Histoire.
Caractéristiques familiales d’élèves du primaire ayant des troubles extériorisés et intériorisés
Authors: Lizotte Shelbie , Déry Michèle , Verlaan Pierrette
Published: October 2013

L’étude porte sur les caractéristiques familiales qui distinguent les élèves présentant à la fois des troubles du comportement intériorisés et extériorisés de ceux qui n’ont que l’un ou l’autre de ces types de troubles. L’étude est réalisée auprès de 309 élèves du primaire, dont 196 suivis pour des troubles du comportement et 113 élèves ordinaires formant le groupe témoin. Les résultats indiquent que les élèves qui ont des troubles concomitants se distinguent nettement des élèves du groupe témoin et, dans une moindre mesure, des élèves qui ont des troubles intériorisés. Leurs caractéristiques familiales sont toutefois très semblables à celles des élèves qui ont des troubles extériorisés. Ces résultats sont observés dans la perspective des interventions à offrir à ces différents groupes d’élèves.
Types conatifs et interventions pédagogiques différenciées en milieu universitaire
Authors: Langevin René , Toupin Jerry
Published: October 2013

L’objectif principal de cette étude visait à vérifier la pertinence d’utiliser le Kolbe A Index dans une classe différenciée. Trente sujets âgés de 22 à 35 ans fréquentant le Campus Saint-Jean de l’Université de l’Alberta ont été recrutés à cette fin. Les étudiants avaient le choix de faire deux travaux de session en ayant recours à un des quatre styles de production (document écrit, schéma, présentation orale et production manuelle). Les résultats de l’étude vont partiellement dans le sens des données recueillies par Kolbe (2004) dans le milieu de l’entreprise. En fait, plusieurs des sujets ont choisi une forme de production qui correspond à leurs types conatifs. Les auteurs font ressortir, en conclusion, les limites et l’intérêt d’avoir recours au Kolbe A Index dans une classe différenciée en milieu universitaire.
Diversité des profils cliniques des familles des enfants présentant des problèmes de comportement en milieu scolaire
Authors: Pauzé Robert , Déry Michèle , Yergeau Éric , Touchette Luc
Published: October 2013

Cet article vise à identifier différents profils familiaux chez des enfants présentant des problèmes de comportement et recevant à l’école primaire des services éducatifs spécialisés pour ce type de difficultés (N = 324). Les profils ont été établis à l’aide de l’analyse de regroupement. Le choix des variables incluses dans l’analyse (caractéristiques socioéconomiques, parentales, relationnelles) repose sur le modèle général des inadaptations des enfants de Toupin, Pauzé et Déry (2000). Ont aussi été inclues dans l’analyse la présence de retard scolaire chez les enfants et la nature extériorisée ou intériorisée de leurs troubles. La classification résultante permet d’identifier quatre catégories distinctes de familles présentant différents niveaux de difficultés. Les résultats suggèrent des interventions différenciées selon le type de familles.
Comparaison des facteurs personnels, scolaires et familiaux associés aux troubles intériorisés à la fin du primaire et au début du secondaire
Authors: Marcotte Diane , Cournoyer Marilou , Gagné Marie-Ève , Bélanger Marianne
Published: October 2013

Cet article présente les résultats de deux études qui explorent les caractéristiques personnelles, familiales et scolaires associées aux troubles intériorisés à la fin du primaire et au début du secondaire. Les mesures ont été complétées par des élèves de 6e année du primaire et de 2e secondaire ainsi que par leur enseignant. Les résultats permettent d’associer plusieurs caractéristiques, telles que les distorsions cognitives, une faible cohésion familiale et la présence de conflits familiaux chez les élèves dépressifs et anxieux. D’autres caractéristiques, telles que le soutien des amis et les habiletés sociales, les problèmes d’apprentissage et de comportement, les délits et le rendement scolaire distinguent les jeunes dépressifs ou anxieux des groupes témoins selon l’ordre scolaire. Des pistes d’intervention sont explorées.
Écrire son autobiographie de lecteur ou comment entrer en didactique de la lecture
Authors: Ledur Dominique , De Croix Séverine
Published: October 2013

Cet article entend apporter une contribution aux pratiques de formation initiale des enseignants dans le domaine de la lecture. Concrètement, nous souhaitons évoquer des travaux réalisés dans le cadre de la formation des futurs instituteurs et enseignants du début du secondaire en Belgique francophone. Nous nous proposons d’abord de présenter brièvement le cursus de formation qui mène à l’obtention de ces deux titres et de préciser les consignes et enjeux de l’activité d’ouverture d’un module consacré à la didactique de la lecture — l’autobiographie de lecteur — que nous avons mise en place auprès de quelque cent étudiants. Nous tenterons ensuite, par l’analyse des productions, de dresser un portrait provisoire des futurs instituteurs et régents et de déterminer, en relation étroite avec les découvertes réalisées à l’issue de cette première activité, les principales orientations d’une formation à la didactique de la lecture.
Le rappel de récit : comparaison de trois méthodes de cotation
Authors: Lavigne Judith , Giasson Jocelyne , Saint-Laurent Lise
Published: October 2013

Cette étude vise, d’une part, à comparer trois méthodes de cotation du rappel de récit, soit l’analyse quantitative, l’analyse qualitative et l’analyse selon le schéma de récit et, d’autre part, à déterminer laquelle de ces méthodes prédit le mieux la réussite en lecture. Pour ce faire, deux épreuves de compréhension, soit une épreuve de rappel de récit et une épreuve de synthèse en lecture, furent administrées à un échantillon de 82 élèves de troisième année du primaire. Les résultats révèlent que les trois méthodes sont corrélées entre elles et avec la réussite en lecture et montrent que la mesure de rappel qualitatif est la méthode qui prédit le mieux les résultats à l’épreuve de compréhension en fin de troisième année.
La implantación de la televisión digital en Brasil y Chile: tendencias y asimetrías
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Brasil), MARQUES DE CARVALHO JULIANA
Published: October 2013

La digitalización de la televisión constituye como tendencia observada en diferentes países del mundo. En América Latina, mucho se ha hablado sobre la implantación de la televisión digital. En Brasil ya está establecido el Sistema Brasileño de Televisión Digital (SBTVD) y en Chile la Televisión Digital (TVD). Este artículo tiene como objetivo comparar los principales aspectos de la implantación de la televisión digital en Brasil y Chile, enfatizando también las matrices teóricas que han sido parte de este proceso
La comunicación en redes sociales: percepciones y usos de las Ong españolas
Authors:   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (España), ARROYO ALMARAZ ISIDORO , BALADRÓN PAZO ANTONIO J. ,   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (España), MARTÍN NIETO REBECA ,   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (España)
Published: October 2013

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer cuáles son las percepciones y usos que las ONG españolas analizadas hacen de las redes sociales. Se realiza una investigación cuantitativa con cuestionarios y otra cualitativa con dos grupos focales para valorar los aspectos positivos y negativos que afectan al uso de las redes sociales. Se analiza el papel de estas en la planificación de la comunicación y se adelantan expectativas de futuro de mejora de la creatividad e innovación de los mensajes y de perfeccionamiento en la medición de eficacia de la comunicación en las redes sociales.
A 25-Year-Old With an Incidentally Detected Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Oh Nicholas , Roselli Eric E. , Vargo Patrick R.
Published: July 2024

A woman had shortness of breath and a first-degree relative with a history of ascending aorta dissection. Imaging showed an isolated dilatation in the mid ascending aorta and a bicuspid aortic valve but no pulmonary infiltrates, effusion, or embolism and no aortic stenosis or regurgitation. What would you do next?
Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects in Internet- and Mobile-Based Interventions for Depression
Authors: Terhorst Yannik , Kaiser Tim , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta , Moshe Isaac , Philippi Paula , Cuijpers Pim , Baumeister Harald , Sander Lasse Bosse
Published: July 2024

Importance

While the effects of internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) for depression have been extensively studied, no systematic evidence is available regarding the heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTEs), indicating to what extent patient-by-treatment interactions exist and personalized treatment models might be necessary.

Objective

To investigate the HTEs in IMIs for depression as well as their efficacy and effectiveness.

Data Sources

A systematic search in Embase, MEDLINE, Central, and PsycINFO for randomized clinical trials and supplementary reference searches was conducted on October 13, 2019, and updated March 25, 2022. The search string included various terms related to digital psychotherapy, depression, and randomized clinical trials.

Study Selection

Titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed by 2 independent researchers. Studies of all populations with at least 1 intervention group receiving an IMI for depression and at least 1 control group were eligible, if they assessed depression severity as a primary outcome and followed a randomized clinical trial (RCT) design.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. HTE was investigated using logarithmic variance ratios (lnVR) and effect sizes using Hedges g. Three-level bayesian meta-regressions were conducted.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Heterogeneity of treatment effects was the primary outcome of this study; magnitudes of treatment effect sizes were the secondary outcome. Depression severity was measured by different self-report and clinician-rated scales in the included RCTs.

Results

The systematic review of 102 trials included 19 758 participants (mean [SD] age, 39.9 [10.58] years) with moderate depression severity (mean [SD] in Patient Health Questionnaire–9 score, 12.81 [2.93]). No evidence for HTE in IMIs was found (lnVR = −0.02; 95% credible interval [CrI], −0.07 to 0.03). However, HTE was higher in more severe depression levels (β̂ = 0.04; 95% CrI, 0.01 to 0.07). The effect size of IMI was medium (g = −0.56; 95% CrI, −0.46 to −0.66). An interaction effect between guidance and baseline severity was found (β̂ = −0.24, 95% CrI, −0.03 to −0.46).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs, no evidence for increased patient-by-treatment interaction in IMIs among patients with subthreshold to mild depression was found. Guidance did not increase effect sizes in this subgroup. However, the association of baseline severity with HTE and its interaction with guidance indicates a more sensitive, guided, digital precision approach would benefit individuals with more severe symptoms. Future research in this population is needed to explore personalization strategies and fully exploit the potential of IMI.
Bifid Pupil Iridodialysis Secondary to Airsoft Gun Injury
Authors: Abbas Adam , Zhang Charles , Reynolds Andrew L.
Published: July 2024

This case report describes a diagnosis of iridodialysis in an 11-year-old boy who presented with decreased vision and inflammation after direct blunt trauma to the left eye.
Bilateral Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis
Authors: Teixeira Bruno Magalhães , Dias Margarida Queirós , Castela Guilherme
Published: July 2024

This case report discusses a diagnosis of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in a man aged 61 years who presented with vision loss, ophthalmoplegia, and ptosis.
Vascular Conjunctival Lesion in a Patient With a Recent Diagnosis of HIV Infection
Authors: De Arrigunaga Sofia , Fan Jason , Karp Carol L.
Published: July 2024

This case report describes a diagnosis of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma in a patient recently diagnosed with HIV infection and taking highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Sustained cancer‐relevant alternative RNA splicing events driven by PRMT5 in high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Bate‐Eya Laurel Tabe , Albayrak Gulsah , Carr Simon Mark , Shrestha Amit , Kanapin Alexander , Samsonova Anastasia , La Thangue Nicholas Barrie
Published: July 2024

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is over‐expressed in a wide variety of cancers and is implicated as having a key oncogenic role, achieved in part through its control of the master transcription regulator E2F1. We investigated the relevance of PRMT5 and E2F1 in neuroblastoma (NB) and found that elevated expression of PRMT5 and E2F1 occurs in poor prognosis high‐risk disease and correlates with an amplified Myelocytomatosis viral‐related oncogene, neuroblastoma‐derived (MYCN) gene. Our results show that MYCN drives the expression of splicing factor genes that, together with PRMT5 and E2F1, lead to a deregulated alternative RNA splicing programme that impedes apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 or inactivation of E2F1 restores normal splicing and renders NB cells sensitive to apoptosis. Our findings suggest that a sustained cancer‐relevant alternative RNA splicing programme desensitises NB cells to apoptosis, and identify PRMT5 as a potential therapeutic target for high‐risk disease.
Upconverting Ultra‐Thin Bi2O2CO3 Nanosheets for Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy and Radiotherapy
Authors: Shi Shuzhi , Liao Cheng , Liu Yufu , Liu Jinming , Liu Jinliang , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yong , Mei Qingsong
Published: July 2024

Synergistic therapy has become the major therapeutic method for malignant tumors in clinical. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiotherapy (RT) always combine together because of their identical anti‐tumor mechanisms, that is reactive oxygen species are generated by the use of radiosensitizers after irradiation by X‐ray to efficiently kill cancer cells, PDT also follows similar mechanism. Full exposure of energy‐absorbing species in nanomaterials to X‐ray or near‐infrared light irradiation makes the energy interchange between nanomaterials and surrounding H2O or dissolved oxygen easier, however, it remains challenging. Herein, an ultrathin two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheet (NS) is developed, Bi2O2CO3, doped with lanthanide ions to give out upconversion luminescence, where the high Z elements Bi, Yb, and Er promote the radio‐sensitizing effect. To the surprise, lanthanide activator ions gave out completely different luminescence properties compared with traditional upconversion nanoparticles. Less dopant of Er ions in nanosheets lattice resulted in brighter red emission, which provides more efficient PDT. Under RT/PDT combined treatment, NS shows a good tumor growth‐inhibiting effect. In addition, synergistic therapy requires lower radiation dose than conventional radiotherapy and lower light power than single photodynamic therapy, thus greatly reducing radiation damage caused by RT and thermal damage caused by PDT.
Interference of ATP‐Adenosine Axis by Engineered Biohybrid for Amplifying Immunogenic Cell Death‐Mediated Antitumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Deng Xin‐Chen , Liang Jun‐Long , Zhang Shi‐Man , Wang Yu‐Zhang , Lin Yan‐Tong , Meng Ran , Wang Jia‐Wei , Feng Jun , Chen Wei‐Hai , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: July 2024

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) often results in the production and accumulation of adenosine (ADO), a byproduct that negatively impacts the therapeutic effect as well as facilitates tumor development and metastasis. Here, an innovative strategy is elaborately developed to effectively activate ICD while avoiding the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine. Specifically, ZIF‐90, an ATP‐responsive consumer, is synthesized as the core carrier to encapsulate AB680 (CD73 inhibitor) and then coated with an iron‐polyphenol layer to prepare the ICD inducer (AZTF), which is further grafted onto prebiotic bacteria via the esterification reaction to obtain the engineered biohybrid (Bc@AZTF). Particularly, the designed Bc@AZTF can actively enrich in tumor sites and respond to the acidic tumor microenvironment to offload AZTF nanoparticles, which can consume intracellular ATP (iATP) content and simultaneously inhibit the ATP‐adenosine axis to reduce the accumulation of adenosine, thereby alleviating adenosine‐mediated immunosuppression and strikingly amplifying ICD effect. Importantly, the synergy of anti‐PD‐1 (αPD‐1) with Bc@AZTF not only establishes a collaborative antitumor immune network to potentiate effective tumoricidal immunity but also activates long‐lasting immune memory effects to manage tumor recurrence and rechallenge, presenting a new paradigm for ICD treatment combined with adenosine metabolism.
Molten Salt Derived MXenes: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Kruger Dawid D. , García Hermenegildo , Primo Ana
Published: July 2024

About one decade after the first report on MXenes, these 2D early transition metal carbides or nitrides have become among the best‐performing materials in electrode applications related to electrical energy storage devices and power‐to‐fuels conversion. MXenes are obtained by a top‐down approach starting from the appropriate 3D MAX phase that undergoes etching of the A‐site metal. Initial etching procedures are based on the use of concentrated HF or the in situ generation of this highly corrosive and poisonous reagent. Etching of the MAX phase is one of the major hurdles limiting the progress of the field. The present review summarizes an alternative, universal, and easily scalable etching procedure based on treating the MAX precursor with a Lewis acid molten salt. The review starts with presenting the current state of the art of the molten salt etching procedure to obtain or modify MXene, followed by a summary of the applications of these MXene samples. The aim of the review is to show the versatility and advantages of molten salt etching in terms of general applicability, control of the surface terminal groups, and uniform deposition of metal nanoparticles, among other features of the procedure.
Limiting Resources Define the Global Pattern of Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency
Authors: Cui Yongxing , Hu Junxi , Peng Shushi , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Moorhead Daryl L. , Sinsabaugh Robert L. , Xu Xiaofeng , Geyer Kevin M. , Fang Linchuan , Smith Pete , Peñuelas Josep , Kuzyakov Yakov , Chen Ji
Published: July 2024

Microbial carbon (C) use efficiency (CUE) delineates the proportion of organic C used by microorganisms for anabolism and ultimately influences the amount of C sequestered in soils. However, the key factors controlling CUE remain enigmatic, leading to considerable uncertainty in understanding soil C retention and predicting its responses to global change factors. Here, we investigate the global patterns of CUE estimate by stoichiometric modeling in surface soils of natural ecosystems, and examine its associations with temperature, precipitation, plant‐derived C and soil nutrient availability. We found that CUE is determined by the most limiting resource among these four basic environmental resources within specific climate zones (i.e., tropical, temperate, arid, and cold zones). Higher CUE is common in arid and cold zones and corresponds to limitations in temperature, water, and plant‐derived C input, while lower CUE is observed in tropical and temperate zones with widespread limitation of nutrients (e.g., nitrogen or phosphorus) in soil. The contrasting resource limitations among climate zones led to an apparent increase in CUE with increasing latitude. The resource‐specific dependence of CUE implies that soils in high latitudes with arid and cold environments may retain less organic C in the future, as warming and increased precipitation can reduce CUE. In contrast, oligotrophic soils in low latitudes may increase organic C retention, as CUE could be increased with concurrent anthropogenic nutrient inputs. The findings underscore the importance of resource limitations for CUE and suggest asymmetric responses of organic C retention in soils across latitudes to global change factors.
Challenging colonial logics of habit in Australiaʼs economic statecraft with Pacific Islands
Authors: Koro Maima , McNeill Henrietta
Published: July 2024

When Australia deploys tools of statecraft in attempts to develop influence with Pacific Island neighbours, inherent colonial legacies exist which are not always recognised, but ultimately affect relationships. We examine Australian economic tools of statecraft applied to migration, trade and development aid, and how a colonial ‘logic of habit’ persists within their deployment which unintentionally undermines their effectiveness. In highlighting these historical hangovers, we suggest reimagining Australiaʼs perceptions of and relations with the Pacific—from neighbours with resources to be utilised, to mutually respected trading partners.
Hofmeister Effect Mediated Conductivity of Hydrogel Electrolytes for High Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Lv Bingxi , Guo Qingqing , Ji Xingxiang , Gai Ligang , Liu Libin
Published: July 2024

Regulating the performance of hydrogel electrolytes by Hofmeister effect has attracted great interest. However, the Hofmeister effects of cations on the conductivity of hydrogel electrolytes are rarely reported. Here, hydrogel electrolytes (polySA) have been fabricated by random copolymerization of zwitterionic monomers in the presence of NH4Cl, NaCl and LiCl. The weak interaction between NH4+ with water and molecular chains makes polySA‐NH4+ electrolyte have high conductivity at room temperatures, whereas the strong interaction between Li+ with water and molecular chains makes polySA‐Li+ electrolyte possess good anti‐freezing properties and high mechanical strength. The polySA‐Li+ hydrogel electrolyte can have a conductivity of 9.63 mS cm−1 at −35 °C. Supercapacitors assembled with polySA‐Li+ offers high specific capacitance of 52.25 F g−1 at 25 °C and 47.75 F g−1 at −35 °C. The capacitance retention is 94.64 % after 10 days at −35 °C. Our work shows that different properties of hydrogel electrolytes can be achieved by regulating Hofmeister effect, which provides a new way to prepare high‐performance energy storage materials.
Cyberbullying and fanatic behaviours of football fans in Turkey: The role of dark personality traits, team loyalty and demographics
Authors: Simsek Eylem , Ozturk Mehmet Berk
Published: July 2024

This study explores the cyberbullying behaviour of football fans in Turkey, examining the effects of fanaticism, dark personality traits, demographic factors and team loyalty. The research encompasses a sample of 152 individuals, revealing that marital status significantly influences both cyberbullying and fanaticism. Various factors, such as how fans watch matches, involvement in fan associations, the purpose of social media use, and attendance at amateur matches, contribute significantly to variations in cyberbullying levels. Fanaticism and dark personality traits are positively correlated with cyberbullying. Regression analyses reveal that the purpose of social media use and watching amateur matches account for 9.3% of cyberbullying, while violence (42.9%) and psychopathy (5.2%) explained 48.2% of the total variance in cyberbullying. Concerning team loyalty, factors like match‐watching habits, attendance at amateur matches, social media use intentions, preferred teams, match‐watching frequency and location of match‐watching jointly account for 41% of the total variance in fanaticism. Additionally, cyberbullying (27.2%) and Machiavellianism (6.3%) together accounted for a total of 33.5% of the variance explained in fanaticism. These findings offer valuable insights into the complex dynamics of cyberbullying and fanaticism within the context of football fandom in Turkey, providing a foundation for future research and potential interventions in this area.
Impact of application volume and spray droplet size on soybean harvest aid efficacy
Authors: McNeal Jacob P. , Dodds Darrin M. , Catchot Angus L. , Gore Jeffrey , Irby Jon Trenton , Kruger Greg R.
Published: July 2024

Throughout the mid‐southern United States, indeterminate maturity group (MG) IV soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) have largely taken the place of determinate MG V and VI soybean in order maximize yield. However, this shift towards earlier maturity groups results in more green plant material at physiological maturity. Consequently, harvest aids are of interest to producers who seek to defoliate and desiccate soybean in a timely and uniform manner. Field experiments were conducted from 2019 to 2020 to evaluate the impact of harvest aid, application volume, and spray droplet volume mean diameter (VMD) on soybean harvest aid efficacy in Mississippi. Applications of paraquat, saflufenacil, and sodium chlorate were made when soybean averaged 65% brown pods, with application volumes of 5 and 20 gal. acre−1, and VMDs of 200, 500, and 800 µm. Defoliation, desiccation, and green stems were evaluated at 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Soybean grain yield was obtained at harvest and adjusted to 13% moisture. Harvest aid efficacy did not vary due to application volume. Spray droplet spectra with a VMD of 200 µm maximized both defoliation and desiccation efficacy. At 14 DAT, applications of paraquat and sodium chlorate resulted in 95% defoliation but were similar to saflufenacil at 89%. Applications of paraquat resulted in desiccation of 16 more percentage points than saflufenacil, and 8 more percentage points than sodium chlorate. These data indicate soybean harvest aid applications should contain paraquat. Although efficacy was maximized with spray droplet spectra with a VMD of 200 µm, the total variance in efficacy due to VMD of spray droplets was minimal.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Masked Organic Sulfates
Authors: Kumar Villuri Bharath , Desai Umesh R.
Published: July 2024

Nature offers a variety of structurally unique, sulfated endobiotics including sulfated glycosaminoglycans, sulfated tyrosine peptides, sulfated steroids/bile acids/catecholamines. Sulfated molecules display a large number of biological activities including antithrombotic, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and others, which arise from modulation of intracellular signaling and enhanced in vivo retention of certain hormones. These characteristics position sulfated molecules very favorably as drug‐like agents. However, few have reached the clinic. Major hurdles exist in realizing sulfated molecules as drugs. This state‐of‐the‐art has been transformed through recent works on the development of sulfate masking technologies for both alkyl (sulfated carbohydrates, sulfated steroids) and aryl (sTyr‐bearing peptides/proteins, sulfated flavonoids) sulfates. This review compiles the literature on different strategies implemented for different types of sulfate groups. Starting from early efforts in protection of sulfate groups to the design of newer SuFEx, trichloroethyl, and gem‐dimethyl‐based protection technologies, this review presents the evolution and application of concepts in realizing highly diverse, sulfated molecules as candidate drugs and/or prodrugs. Overall, the newer strategies for sulfate masking and demasking are likely to greatly enhance the design and development of sulfated molecules as non‐toxic drugs of the future.
Role of WAVE3 as an actin binding protein in the pathology of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Master Kruyanshi , El Khalki Lamyae , Bayachou Mekki , Sossey‐Alaoui Khalid
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer, a prevalent global health concern, has sparked extensive research efforts, particularly focusing on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor. TNBC's aggressive nature and resistance to hormone‐based therapies heightens the risk of tumor progression and recurrence. Actin‐binding proteins, specifically WAVE3 from the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family, have emerged as major drivers in understanding TNBC biology. This review delves into the intricate molecular makeup of TNBC, shedding light on actin's fundamental role in cellular processes. Actin, a structural element in the cytoskeleton, regulates various cellular pathways essential for homeostasis. Its dynamic nature enables functions such as cell migration, motility, intracellular transport, cell division, and signal transduction. Actin‐binding proteins, including WAVE3, play pivotal roles in these processes. WAVE3, a member of the WASP family, remains the focus of this review due to its potential involvement in TNBC progression. While actin‐binding proteins are studied for their roles in healthy cellular cycles, their significance in TNBC remains underexplored. This review aims to discuss WAVE3's impact on TNBC, exploring its molecular makeup, functions, and significance in tumor progression. The intricate structure of WAVE3, featuring elements like the verprolin–cofilin–acidic domain and regulatory elements, plays a crucial role in regulating actin dynamics. Dysregulation of WAVE3 in TNBC has been linked to enhanced cell migration, invasion, extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, tumor proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. Understanding the role of actin‐binding proteins in cancer biology has potential clinical implications, making them potential prognostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets. The review emphasizes the need for further research into actin‐binding proteins' clinical applications, diagnostic value, and therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, this comprehensive review explores the complex interplay between actin and actin‐binding proteins, with special emphasis on WAVE3, in the context of TNBC. By unraveling the molecular intricacies, structural characteristics, and functional significance, the review paves the way for future research directions, clinical applications, and potential therapeutic strategies in the challenging landscape of TNBC.
Antibacterial and oral tissue effectiveness of a mouthwash with a novel active system of amine + zinc lactate + fluoride
Authors: Schaeffer Lyndsay M. , Yang Ying , Daep Carlo , Makwana Ekta , Isapour Golnaz , Huber Norbert
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Reflecting the need for an effective support for the daily oral hygiene routine of patients experiencing (symptoms of) gum inflammation, a new mouthwash has been developed containing an amine + zinc lactate + fluoride system. The in vitro efficacy of this product was assessed using traditional laboratory methods, as well as novel experimentation.

Materials and Methods

This mouthwash has been evaluated in a series of laboratory tests including two short interval kill tests (SIKTs), a 12‐h (longer term) biofilm regrowth assay, a plaque glycolysis assay, and an aerobic, repeated exposure biofilm model, as well as tests for soft tissue uptake and LPS neutralization.

Results

Several laboratory studies demonstrate that a mouthwash containing an amine + zinc lactate + fluoride system provides short‐term and long‐term antibacterial activity. While the immediate efficacy of this formula has been shown to be driven by the presence of the amine, zinc lactate provides a long‐term antibacterial effect, as well as is able to inhibit bacterial metabolism.

Conclusions

This research provides the basis for understanding the mode of action of this new mouthwash formulation and explains the previously observed clinical efficacy of this formula against plaque and gingivitis.
Accommodating cluster headaches requires careful investigation, evaluation, and attention
Authors: Bedrossian Louise
Published: July 2024

Cluster headaches, a primary headache disorder affecting up to 0.1% of the population, are more commonly found in men than women, with a ratio of approximately 2.5:1.
OCR receives record number of discrimination complaints
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: July 2024

The U.S. Department of Education has reported a surge in complaints related to disability discrimination at educational institutions, marking the highest figures in six years (https://www2.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/ocr/report-to-president-and-secretary-of-education-2023.pdf).
Study finds ChatGPT shows bias against resumes for disabled applicants
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: July 2024

A recent study conducted by University of Washington researchers discovered that ChatGPT, the widely used AI tool room OpenAI, frequently rates resumes and curriculum vitae featuring disability‐related achievements lower than resumes lacking such details.
Diversity and distribution of bamboo‐feeding true bugs in China
Authors: Jiang Kun , Chen Juhong , Wang Shujing , Li Yanfei , Zhang Danli , Hu Haoyuan , Bu Wenjun
Published: July 2024

The Bambusoideae subfamily, originating in the late Cretaceous, has evolved to include over 1500 species globally. Notably, China hosts the richest diversity of Bambusoideae, with 728 species documented. After a long period of coevolution, plenty of animals could feed on these plants rich in cellulose and lignin. As an important group of pests and participants in the ecosystem, bamboo‐feeding true bugs (BFTBs, or bamboo‐feeding Heteropteran insects) have attracted the attention of researchers. However, the diversity and distribution of BFTBs still lack systematic and generalized research. In this study, we reviewed the BFTBs in China and simulated the diversity pattern and the driving forces of this pattern. A list of 36 genera with 69 species of BFTBs in China was obtained through paper review and field surveys. And their bamboo‐feeding habit had multiple independent origins. The spatial diversity pattern showed that the biodiversity hotspots of BFTBs are located in and around the tropics of southern China. Environmental driving force analysis showed that the minimum temperature of coldest month and annual precipitation were the dominant environmental factors shaping the spatial diversity of BFTBs. Our work quantified the diversity and distribution of BFTBs in China, providing fundamental data support for pest control and evolutionary research.
Oviposition strategies in Pieridae butterflies and the role of an egg‐killing plant trait therein
Authors: Peters Dorette H. , Greenberg Liana O. , Fatouros Nina E.
Published: July 2024

Most herbivorous insects are host‐plant specialists that evolved detoxification mechanisms to overcome their host plant's toxins. In the evolutionary arms‐races between Pieridae butterflies and Brassicaceae plants, some plant species have evolved another defence against the pierids: egg‐killing. Underneath the eggs, leaves develop a so‐called hypersensitive response (HR)‐like cell death. Whether some butterflies have evolved oviposition strategies to counter‐adapt against egg‐killing remains to be studied. In this study, we assessed the oviposition site location of Pieridae butterflies on their natural host plants. We described the plant tissue on which we located the eggs of the most common Pieridae in the Netherlands: Gonepteryx rhamni, Anthocharis cardamines, Pieris rapae, P. napi, P. brassicae and P. mannii. Additionally, we assessed expression of HR‐like cell death in response to the deposited butterfly eggs. We found that both A. cardamines and G. rhamni mainly oviposited on the floral stem and the branch, respectively, and oviposited on host plants from lineages not expected to kill pierid eggs. Accordingly, no HR‐like cell death was seen. All Pieris eggs found were located on leaves of their host, the only tissue found to express HR‐like cell death. Furthermore, each Pieris species was found to at least occasionally oviposit on Brassica nigra. This was the only plant species in this survey that expressed HR‐like cell death in response to the eggs of P. rapae, P. napi and P. brassicae. Our observations demonstrate that HR‐like cell death remains an effective defence strategy against these Pieris species and as such did not find evidence for the hypothesized counterstrategies. Surveying certain key species and disentangling the micro‐evolution of oviposition strategies within a species would allow us to further investigate potential counter‐adaptations that evolved against HR‐like cell death. This study provides the basis for further investigation of potential counter‐adaptations to egg‐killing defences.
The optimized Maxent model reveals the pattern of distribution and changes in the suitable cultivation areas for Reaumuria songarica being driven by climate change
Authors: Wang Xinyou , Li Zhengsheng , Zhang Lijun , Wang Yanlong , Liu Ying , Ma Yushou
Published: July 2024

Reaumuria songarica, a drought‐resistant shrub, is widely distributed and plays a crucial role in the northern deserts of China. It is a key species for desert rehabilitation and afforestation efforts. Using the Maxent model to predict suitable planting areas for R. songarica is an important strategy for combating desertification. With 184 occurrence points of R. songarica and 13 environmental variables, the optimized Maxent model has identified the main limiting factors for its distribution. Distribution patterns and variation trends of R. songarica were projected for current and future climates (2030s, 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) and different scenarios (ssp_126, ssp_370, and ssp_585). Results show that setting parameters to RM (regulation multiplier) = 4 and FC (feature combination) = LQHPT yields a model with good accuracy and high reliability. Currently, R. songarica is primarily suitable for desert control in eight provinces and autonomous regions, including Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Ningxia. The total suitable planting area is 148.80 × 104 km2, representing 15.45% of China's land area. Precipitation (Precipitation of the wettest month, Precipitation of the warmest quarter, and Annual precipitation) and Ultraviolet‐B seasonality are the primary environmental factors limiting the growth and distribution of R. songarica. Mean temperature of the warmest quarter is the primary factor driving changes in the distribution of suitable areas for R. songarica under future climate scenarios. In future climate scenarios, the suitable planting area of R. songarica will shrink, and the distribution center will shift towards higher latitude, potentially indicate further desertification. The area of highly suitable habitat has increased, while moderately and less suitable habitat areas have decreased. Increased precipitation within R. songarica's water tolerance range is favorable for its growth and reproduction. With changes in the suitable cultivation area for R. songarica, priority should be given to exploring and utilizing its germplasm resources. Introduction and cultivation can be conducted in expanding regions, while scientifically effective measures should be implemented to protect germplasm resources in contracting regions. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for addressing desertification resulting from climate change and offer practical insights for the development, utilization, introduction, and cultivation of R. songarica germplasm resources.
Environmental DNA metabarcoding on aquatic insects: Comparing the primer sets of MtInsects‐16S based on the mtDNA 16S and general marker based on the mtDNA COI region
Authors: Takenaka Masaki , Hasebe Yuta , Yano Koki , Okamoto Seiya , Tojo Koji , Seki Masashi , Sekiguchi Shun , Jitsumasa Takeshi , Morohashi Nobuyuki , Handa Yoshihiro , Sakaba Tomoka
Published: July 2024

Long‐term biodiversity monitoring is necessary for conservation and management. In such circumstances, environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys can enable easy and effective biomonitoring of aquatic insects. However, previous studies of aquatic insects based on the mtDNA COI region have revealed incomplete taxonomic coverage, and frequent amplification of nontarget taxa (e.g., algae and diatoms). Additionally, it has been indicated that there are few reference sequences registered in databases for metabarcoding analysis of insects. Therefore, we developed a new primer set, MtInsects‐16S, for eDNA analyses of insects based on the mtDNA 16S rRNA region in a previous study. To address the insufficient database records of insect DNA sequences, we also constructed a comprehensive reference database of aquatic insects that occur in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. We conducted eDNA analyses at six sites in the two river systems (the Sagami‐gawa River and Sakawa‐gawa River systems), with three replicates per site, based on both the mtDNA COI and the 16S rRNA regions. These results were compared physical capture surveys at the same sites to examine the detection capability of eDNA for Insecta with using a well‐established database. Among the list of species which were collected by physical capture surveys, 74.9% were detected by MtInsects‐16S, whereas 40.1% were detected by the primer set of the mtDNA COI region, and also 80.0% were detected by the both primer sets. This study demonstrated that the application of eDNA analyses using the MtInsects‐16S primer set can be conducted with accuracy and reliability, provided that the reference DNA database is improved. The MtInsects‐16S region can be considered indispensable in eDNA analysis for aquatic insects.
Micronutrient interactions: Magnesium and its synergies in maternal–fetal health
Authors: Shukla Vani , Parvez Sidrah , Fatima Ghizal , Singh Shikha , Magomedova Aminat , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Welson Nermeen N. , Hadi Najah
Published: July 2024

Magnesium is an essential nutrient for various physiological processes and becomes even more vital during pregnancy, contributing to muscle relaxation, bone development, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure regulation. Despite the fact that the dietary sources of magnesium are diversified, it is still challenging to obtain it in sufficient quantities during pregnancy. We have elucidated its interactions and its specific impact on maternal–fetal health in different research publications. Magnesium also interacts synergistically with other micronutrients like calcium, vitamin D, potassium, zinc, iron, and vitamin B6, emphasizing its significance in promoting optimal outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. Inadequate magnesium intake during pregnancy has been linked to complications like gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Therefore, there should be an emphasis on the importance of maintaining adequate magnesium levels through a balanced diet and supplementation. This research therefore studies the complex mechanisms of micronutrient interactions and their specific impacts on maternal–fetal health to enhance prenatal care practices.