bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of pretreatment respiratory sinus arrhythmia dimensions on trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy outcomes: Findings from a randomized controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Brown Michelle P. , Shenk Chad E. , Allen Brian , Dunning Emily D. , Lombera Metzli A. , Bucher Ashley M. , Dreschel Nancy A.
Published: May 2024

Child maltreatment is associated with respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) dysregulation, a physiological indicator of emotion regulation that predicts elevated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and may be a mechanism of action for exposure‐based therapies, such as trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‐CBT). Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT) has been proposed as an adjunct to TF‐CBT for improving emotion regulation following maltreatment. The current study reports findings from a randomized controlled feasibility trial (N = 33; Mage = 11.79 years, SD = 3.08; 63.6% White; 66.7% female) that measured youths’ resting RSA, RSA reactivity, and RSA recovery in response to a pretreatment laboratory challenge. We tested whether (a) lower pretreatment resting RSA was associated with blunted RSA during the challenge; (b) either of the pretreatment RSA dimensions predicted more severe pretreatment PTSD symptoms; and (c) either of the pretreatment RSA dimensions predicted less severe posttreatment PTSD symptoms and, as an exploratory aim, whether this was moderated by treatment group (i.e., TF‐CBT vs. TF‐CBT + AAT). Results from multiple linear regression indicated that, after controlling for pretreatment symptom severity, there was a large effect size for higher resting RSA predicting less severe caregiver‐reported posttreatment PTSD symptoms, β = −.52, p = .058, and higher RSA during recovery predicting less severe child‐reported posttreatment PTSD symptoms, β = −.70, p = .056, although these findings were not significant. These preliminary results offer important insights for future studies to investigate how the ability to regulate RSA informs which children need additional support to benefit from psychotherapeutic treatment.
Ocular rosacea: The often‐overlooked component of rosacea
Authors: Geng Ryan S. Q. , Slomovic Jacqueline , Bourkas Adrienn N. , Slomovic Allan , Sibbald Ronald G.
Published: May 2024

Ocular rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the eyes and periocular skin as part of the broader cutaneous rosacea skin disease. Cutaneous rosacea is common, affecting approximately 5.5% of the global population, where up to 72% of patients will develop ocular involvement either before or after the cutaneous disease. Clinical features of ocular rosacea include Meibomian gland disease, blepharitis and conjunctivitis. Ocular rosacea reduces quality of life through various potential mechanisms including anxiety, social withdrawal and physical discomfort. If left untreated, ocular rosacea can reduce visual acuity and in severe cases, vision loss. Several topical and systemic treatment options are available, with efficacies based on their anti‐inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the clinical features of ocular rosacea, differential diagnoses and treatment options with the aim of aiding clinicians involved in the care of rosacea patients to better identify onset of the ocular manifestations of rosacea and prevent its severe complications.
Knowledge management implementation: A systematic literature review
Authors: Henz Jader Luiz , Oliveira Mírian
Published: May 2024

For many organizations, implementing knowledge management (KM) is a challenge. With the aim of deriving insights for guiding future research in KM implementation, this systematic literature review, conducted on October 28, 2023, using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, examined 174 articles from 108 journals. The search, employing the terms ((framework or “maturity model” or implementation) and “knowledge management”), disregarded time constraints. The information extracted included journal details, authors, authors' countries, number of authors, research method, objectives, dimensions of frameworks or maturity models, and suggestions for future research. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were applied to the collected data, revealing that the 174 articles involved 432 authors and were distributed across 108 journals. Key findings indicate: (a) a need for more research into strategies, practices, and technology for aiding KM implementation and evaluation; and (b) the potential for testing models and frameworks in diverse contexts (country, sector, and size). In response to the analysis, a KM implementation roadmap was formulated, encompassing five stages: diagnosis, design, implementation, implementation improvement, and evaluation. This study enhances academic understanding by highlighting pertinent topics in KM implementation and identifying avenues for further investigation.
Costs of Severe to Profound Hearing Loss & Cost Savings of Cochlear Implants
Authors: Cejas Ivette , Barker David H. , Petruzzello Esteban , Sarangoulis Christina M. , Quittner Alexandra L.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To estimate costs of severe to profound hearing loss, including costs and cost‐savings associated with cochlear implantation.

Methods

Data was obtained from the National Health Interview Survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and national Medicare rates.

We used continuous time state transition models with individual patient simulations to estimate the costs of severe to profound hearing loss (SPHL) across the lifespan. The model included four states, normal hearing, severe to profound hearing loss, cochlear implantation, and death.

Results

The estimated lifetime cost of an individual born with SPHL is $489,274 [377,518; 616,519]. Costs are lower for those who received a cochlear implant before 18 months of age $390,931 [311,976; 471,475], compared to those who are not implanted $608,167 [442,544; 791,719]. For individuals with a later onset of hearing loss (60 years old) lifetime costs were $154,536 [7,093; 302,936]. The annual societal costs for the US population were estimated to be $37 [8; 187] billion.

Conclusions

SPHL is a costly condition, with the primary driver being lost productivity. Medical costs were higher for cochlear implantation, however, the higher income earnings offset the higher medical costs. Overall, early implantation substantially reduced lifetime costs. Access to hearing health care and technology is critical given the documented benefits for language, education, and quality of life. Government and insurance policies should be modified to allow for equal access and coverage for hearing technology, which will ultimately reduce lifetime and societal costs.

Levels of Evidence: N/A The current study used existing nationally representative datasets. Thus, these levels of evidence do not apply. Laryngoscope, 134:4358–4365, 2024
The role of fatty acids in patients with Behçet's disease and their association with thrombosis
Authors: Tezcan Dilek , Eryavuz Onmaz Duygu , Körez Muslu Kazım , Limon Muhammet , Gülcemal Semral , Yılmaz Sema , Sivrikaya Abdullah
Published: May 2024

Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic disease with unknown etiopathogenesis and varying disease presentations. Fatty acids (FA) are essential biological compounds that are involved in complex metabolic pathways. They may contribute to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction by participating in many signaling pathways. Increased FAs levels are associated with an increased risk for various diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between FA, BD, and thrombotic complications. A total of 97 patients were recruited from the rheumatology department of a single center as a case–control study. The participants were divided into three groups: 36 patients with BD with thrombosis (Group 1), 24 patients with BD without thrombosis (Group 2), and 37 age‐ and sex‐matched controls (Group 3). The analysis of 37 different FA with carbon numbers in the range of (4:0) and (24:1) in the samples were analyzed and compared between groups. Myristic acid (MA), methyl eicosatrienoate, and stearic acid (STA) levels were found to be significantly higher in BD with thrombosis than in BD without thrombosis, and palmitic acid (PA) levels were significantly higher in BD with thrombosis than in healthy individuals. MA was found to be a significant marker for differentiating between thrombotic BD. PA and STA are important markers for detecting thrombotic BD. In BD, lipotoxicity created by FA, such as PA, STA, and MA, plays a role as an inducer of inflammation and thrombosis through various mechanisms.
Nonlinear stability analysis of double‐diffusive convection in Kelvin–Voigt fluid with chemical reaction
Authors: Basavarajappa Mahanthesh , Bhatta Dambaru
Published: May 2024

The influence of Rayleigh friction and chemical reaction on the onset of double‐diffusive convection in a Navier–Stokes–Voigt (NSV) fluid layer is investigated by conducting linear instability and nonlinear stability analyses. The fluid layer is subjected to isothermal conditions and chemical equilibrium at the boundaries. The solubility of the dissolved component exhibits a linear dependency on temperature. The analysis is conducted for two distinct cases: the fluid layer is heated and salted from the bottom (case‐1), and the fluid layer is heated from the bottom and salted from the top (case‐2). Analytical expressions for the thermal Rayleigh number are obtained for both linear and nonlinear theories, and these expressions depend on Kelvin–Voigt, Rayleigh friction, solutal Rayleigh, Lewis, Prandtl, and Damkohler numbers. Including the Rayleigh friction term in the NSV fluid model improves the stability of the system and hence instability occurs with less ease. For lower solutal Rayleigh numbers, convection commences in the stationary mode and subsequently transitions to the traveling wave mode occurred in case‐1. The Damkohler number plays a significant role in the linear instability thresholds. It is also found that the Kelvin–Voigt number acts as a stabilizing factor for oscillatory mode convection. The comparison between linear and nonlinear thresholds unveils the region characterized by subcritical instability.
Beast philanthropy: Multifarious, complicated, and even contradictory
Authors: Ellis Katie
Published: May 2024

This article responds to the representations of disability and health care in MrBeast's disability focused philanthropic efforts such as [1000 Deaf People Hear for the First Time] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTOm65IZneg), and [1000 Blind People See For the First Time] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ2ifmkGGus). These videos follow the structure of a number of MrBeast's other social initiatives such as [Planting 20,000,000 Trees, My Biggest Project Ever!] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPJKxAhLw5I) In quantifying his initiatives in this way MrBeast is able to both reference back to his first breakthrough viral video where he counted to 100,000 over the course of 40 hours and leverage his followers to pick up the challenge and contribute towards the initiative. The YouTube algorithm has responded well to these approaches and as of 2023 Mr Beast is one of the most viewed and highest paid YouTubers. To respond to these disability focused videos under the broader banner of Beast Philanthropy, I also consider the response to these videos and Rhodri Davies' article. Amongst many things, Davies draws attention to the agency or lack thereof of the people receiving Mr Beasts' gifts, asserting they are disempowered as “merely passive actors whose twofold role is to provide a means for him to perform viewer‐pleasing acts of generosity, and then to offer suitably effusive and emotional displays of gratitude in response.” I agree and assert that any non‐consensual sharing of images is a form of disability abuse. As such, we must consider the agency of the people involved in these videos and whether they have given informed consent, and what informed consent means in this context.
On Beast Philanthropy: A response to commentaries and some final reflections
Authors: Davies Rhodri
Published: May 2024

To complete this special issue debating the philanthropy of MrBeast, Rhodri Davies offers some thoughtful responses to commentaries on his invited paper. Davies highlights how Beast Philanthropy, despite its novelty, evokes many of the classic ethical, moral, and political debates within the field. Nonetheless, in the contemporary ‘attention economy’ he notes that there are developments within this new style of ‘influencer philanthropy’ that we should observe closely and explore their implications. Davies observes an ambivalence and occasional frustration with MrBeast among the commentaries in this issue, but also a cautious optimism, informed both by the positive impacts Beast Philanthropy has already achieved and how it may evolve and mature over time. Davies urges us to put aside any generational differences and aesthetic aversions, and to engage in a generous spirit with this new era of influencer philanthropy.
Nanofibrillated cellulose reinforced polypropylene carbonate biocomposites with high mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and antibacterial properties
Authors: Li Zhijie , Zhang Zhaoyan , Cheng Huifan , Qian Shaoping , Liu Yuenong
Published: May 2024

Polypropylene carbonate (PPC) is a biodegradable polyester with excellent toughness and ductility that may be employed as carbon fixation materials in biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental engineering. However, relatively lower strength and poor dimensional stability hinder its extensive application. In this study, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and chitosan (CS) were introduced as biobased reinforcements into PPC without compromising its biodegradability. Notably, the composites not only had improved strength but also enhanced toughness after the addition of NFC and CS. The tensile strength and Young's modulus were increased by 25% and 58% in the composites with 3 wt% NFC and 2 wt% CS additions compared to pure PPC. Interestingly, the PPC/NFC/CS composites exhibited superior dimensional stability and antibacterial property. Upon the addition of 3 wt% NFC and 2 wt% CS, the composites took 3 s recovering from 0° to 137°. Additionally, NFC and CS contribute to the hydrophilicity of PPC composites. These findings offer valuable insights into experimental data and preparation techniques to the utilization of PPC in engineering fields.

Highlights

The developed composites achieved maximum tensile strength (13.5 MPa).

The composites with 2 wt% chitosan had effective antibacterial properties.

All reinforced composites showed excellent dimensional stability.

Nanofibrillated cellulose and chitosan had toughening and enhancing effect.

The developed composites showed good hydrophilicity.
Optimising healthcare for Deaf and hard of hearing patients
Authors: Miller Karen , Tseng Jennifer
Published: May 2024

As part of our series on medicines optimisation in people with additional needs, this article considers the health challenges that Deaf and hard of hearing patients face, and discusses how to improve healthcare access and tailor consultations to optimise health outcomes.
Mirikizumab for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: May 2024

Mirikizumab (Omvoh) is an anti‐IL‐23 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. This article outlines its administration, clinical trial efficacy, adverse effects and place in therapy.
Transmission dynamics, complications and mitigation strategies of the current mpox outbreak: A comprehensive review with bibliometric study
Authors: Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Singh Puneet K. , Branda Francesco , Mishra Snehasish , Kutikuppala L. V. Simhachalam , Suvvari Tarun K. , Kandi Venkataramana , Ansari Azaj , Desai Dhruv N. , Alfaresi Mubarak , Kaabi Nawal A. Al , Fares Mona A. Al , Garout Mohammed , Halwani Muhammad A. , Alissa Mohammed , Rabaan Ali A.
Published: May 2024

As the mankind counters the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), it simultaneously witnesses the emergence of mpox virus (MPXV) that signals at global spread and could potentially lead to another pandemic. Although MPXV has existed for more than 50 years now with most of the human cases being reported from the endemic West and Central African regions, the disease is recently being reported in non‐endemic regions too that affect more than 50 countries. Controlling the spread of MPXV is important due to its potential danger of a global spread, causing severe morbidity and mortality. The article highlights the transmission dynamics, zoonosis potential, complication and mitigation strategies for MPXV infection, and concludes with suggested ‘one health’ approach for better management, control and prevention. Bibliometric analyses of the data extend the understanding and provide leads on the research trends, the global spread, and the need to revamp the critical research and healthcare interventions. Globally published mpox‐related literature does not align well with endemic areas/regions of occurrence which should ideally have been the scenario. Such demographic and geographic gaps between the location of the research work and the endemic epicentres of the disease need to be bridged for greater and effective translation of the research outputs to pubic healthcare systems, it is suggested.
High diversity of macrophytes in the »green river« Krka (Slovenia)
Authors: Golob Aleksandra , Zelnik Igor , Germ Mateja
Published: May 2024

The presence, abundance, and distribution of aquatic macrophytes and their growth forms in the river Krka in Slovenia were studied. The studied slow‐flowing lowland River Krka is also called a »green river« since it is overgrown with macrophytes from its source to its outflow to the river Sava. The environmental parameters of the river ecosystem were also assessed using the modified version of the RCE (Riparian, Channel, and Environmental Inventory) method. Within 24 sections reaching from 100 to 250 m, 23 taxa of macrophytes were found. Sections were distributed noncontinuously from the source to the outflow more or less equally along the river course. The invasive alien species Elodea canadensis reached the highest relative abundance, followed by Ranunculus trichophyllus, Potamogeton crispus, Myriophyllum spicatum, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Potamogeton nodosus. Potamogeton crispus was present in most of the studied sections followed by Nasturtium officinale and M. spicatum. The river offers suitable conditions for the high diversity of macrophytes regarding the type of substrate, low flow velocity, heterogeneity of habitats, and relatively high concentrations of nutrients. In comparison to the survey performed in 2003, when the river Krka was surveyed continuously from the source to the outflow, we found that seven of the submerged and natant macrophytes were not detected in 2020. Macrophytes, growing in the river Krka, indicated meso‐ to eutrophic conditions. Five species recorded in the river Krka are listed on the Red list of endangered species in Slovenia, indicating the need to conserve the river ecosystem.
Nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization and their corresponding monetary values under long‐term integrated soil fertility management practices
Authors: Bolo Peter , Mucheru‐Muna Monicah , Kinyua Michael , Ayaga George , Nyawira Sylvia , Kihara Job
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients for plant growth, commonly supplied through costly inorganic amendments. However, despite the benefits of nutrient mineralisation, there is limited quantitative information on its monetary value, and the extent of associated potential financial relief to smallholder farmers, particularly in western Kenya region.

Materials and Methods

This study used in situ resin core method to explore the extent of N and P nutrient mineralisation and monetary equivalents under select integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) practices in two long‐term (17 years) trials namely Conservation Tillage (CT1) and Integrated Nutrient Management (INM3).

Results

FYM addition increased various soil chemical parameters while sole fertiliser (NPK) reduced soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC). Phosphorus application was associated with increased P availabillity and its monetary value within the first month (0.29 kg P ha−1; USD 1.13 ha−1) and second month (1.22 kg P ha−1; USD 4.76 ha−1) of incubation. The quantities of N mineralised, and their monetary equivalents varied with fertiliser application and incubation times. Nitrogen fertilisation depressed P mineralisation and monetary benefits. FYM application increased P mineralisation and its monetary value within 30 (0.78 kg ha−1; ~USD 3.02 ha−1) and 60 (1.22 kg ha−1; ~USD 4.76) days of incubation. Residue application increased mineralised N (17.48 kg ha−1; ~USD 22.79 ha−1) after 60 days. Maize and soybean intercropping increased N mineralisation (45.81 kg N ha−1) and monetary value (USD 59.76 ha−1). SOC and other soil variables, their stoichiometry ratios and N mineralisation were significantly correlated. Combined NPK and FYM application significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased maize yields and grain prices.

Conclusion

These findings reflect potential nutrient‐based economic advantages of ISFM practices to resource‐limited smallholder farmers. Combined application of NPK fertiliser and FYM is integral in not only optimising crop yields, but also driving key soil health‐related parameters and economic benefits.
Phase‐Engineered Dichalcogenides/Fluorine‐Free V4C3Tx (T = OH, O) Heterostructures for pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Shabana Neermunda , Muhsin Punnoli , Yang Ya‐Yun , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: May 2024

This research addresses the pH‐dependency limitation in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) by creating heterostructures through the chemical bonding between 2D‐dichalcogenides and V4C3Tx (T = OH, O) planes. The one‐step solvothermal synthesis employed in this study constructs a synergistically interacted 1T phase of, e.g., MoS2 and V4C3Tx MXene, demonstrating an omnidirectional improvement on catalytic stability, active site exposure, surface area enlargement, electrical conductivity, and hence enhancement of water dissociation activities. Despite the notable progress in creating hydrogen production catalysts with ground breaking performances, a significant gap remains in the availability of catalysts capable of functioning effectively under high current densities. The catalyst 1T MoS2@V4C3Tx shows remarkable activities under the current density of 1000 mA cm−2, which require overpotentials of 16, 24, and 37 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4, 1 m KOH, and 0.1 m PBS electrolytes, respectively at 10 mA cm−2, and exhibits excellent HER performance with small overpotentials of 103.16 and 138 mV to achieve current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, with outstanding stability for 1000 cylic voltammetric cycle HER test without degradation in acidic media. Enhanced HER performance has also been observed in other 2D‐dichalcogenides/V4C3Tx heterostructures, providing prospects for phase‐engineered dichalcogenides/fluorine‐free V4C3Tx composites for pH‐universal HER.
Re: Prognostic value of angiogenic markers in pregnancy with fetal growth restriction
Authors: Song Pengshu
Published: May 2024

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Palmrich et al. Click here to view the article.
Electrospun drug‐loaded scaffolds for nervous system repair
Authors: Kellaway Simon C. , Ullrich Mathilde M. , Dziemidowicz Karolina
Published: May 2024

Nervous system injuries, encompassing peripheral nerve injury (PNI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), present significant challenges to patients' wellbeing. Traditional treatment approaches have limitations in addressing the complexity of neural tissue regeneration and require innovative solutions. Among emerging strategies, implantable materials, particularly electrospun drug‐loaded scaffolds, have gained attention for their potential to simultaneously provide structural support and controlled release of therapeutic agents. This review provides a thorough exploration of recent developments in the design and application of electrospun drug‐loaded scaffolds for nervous system repair. The electrospinning process offers precise control over scaffold characteristics, including mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and topography, crucial for creating a conducive environment for neural tissue regeneration. The large surface area of the resulting fibrous networks enhances biomolecule attachment, influencing cellular behaviors such as adhesion, proliferation, and migration. Polymeric electrospun materials demonstrate versatility in accommodating a spectrum of therapeutics, from small molecules to proteins. This enables tailored interventions to accelerate neuroregeneration and mitigate inflammation at the injury site. A critical aspect of this review is the examination of the interplay between structural properties and pharmacological effects, emphasizing the importance of optimizing both aspects for enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Drawing upon the latest advancements in the field, we discuss the promising outcomes of preclinical studies using electrospun drug‐loaded scaffolds for nervous system repair, as well as future perspectives and considerations for their design and implementation.

This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Carrollian hydrodynamics and symplectic structure on stretched horizons
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Jai-akson Puttarak
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The membrane paradigm displays underlying connections between a timelike stretched horizon and a null boundary (such as a black hole horizon) and bridges the gravitational dynamics of the horizon with fluid dynamics. In this work, we revisit the membrane viewpoint of a finite-distance null boundary and present a unified geometrical treatment of the stretched horizon and the null boundary based on the rigging technique of hypersurfaces. This allows us to provide a unified geometrical description of null and timelike hypersurfaces, which resolves the singularity of the null limit appearing in the conventional stretched horizon description. We also extend the Carrollian fluid picture and the geometrical Carrollian description of the null horizon, which have been recently argued to be the correct fluid picture of the null boundary, to the stretched horizon. To this end, we draw a dictionary between gravitational degrees of freedom on the stretched horizon and the Carrollian fluid quantities and show that Einstein’s equations projected onto the horizon are the Carrollian hydrodynamic conservation laws. Lastly, we report that the gravitational pre-symplectic potential of the stretched horizon can be expressed in terms of conjugate variables of Carrollian fluids and also derive the Carrollian conservation laws and the corresponding Noether charges from symmetries.
Regge growth of isolated massive spin-2 particles and the Swampland
Authors: Kundu Suman , Palti Eran , Quirant Joan
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We consider an effective theory with a single massive spin-2 particle and a gap to the cutoff. We couple the spin-2 particle to gravity, and to other lower-spin fields, and study the growth of scattering amplitudes of the particle in the Regge regime: where s is much larger than t and also any mass scales in the effective theory, but still much lower than the cutoff scale of the theory and therefore any further massive spin-2 particles. We include in the effective theory all possible operators, with an arbitrary, but finite, number of derivatives. We prove that the scattering amplitude grows strictly faster than s2 in any such theory. Such fast growth goes against expected bounds on Regge growth. We therefore find further evidence for the Swampland spin-2 conjecture: that a theory with an isolated massive spin-2 particle, coupled to gravity, is in the Swampland.
New anomaly free supergravities in six dimensions
Authors: Becker K. , Kehagias A. , Sezgin E. , Tennyson D. , Violaris A.
Published: May 2024

Abstract

An extended search for anomaly free matter coupled N = (1, 0) supergravity in six dimension is carried out by two different methods which we refer to as the graphical and rank methods. In the graphical method the anomaly free models are built from single gauge group models, called nodes, which can only have gravitational anomalies. We search for anomaly free theories with gauge groups G1 × … × Gn with n = 1, 2, … (any number of factors) and G1 × … × Gn × U(1)R where n = 1, 2, 3 and U(1)R is the R-symmetry group. While we primarily consider models with the tensor multiplet number nT = 1, we also provide some results for nT ≠ 1 with an unconstrained number of charged hypermultiplets. We find a large number of ungauged anomaly free theories. However, in the case of R-symmetry gauged models with nT = 1, in addition to the three known anomaly free theories with G1 × G2 × U(1)R type symmetry, we find only six new remarkably anomaly free models with symmetry groups of the form G1 × G2 × G3 × U(1)R. In the case of nT = 1 and ungauged models, excluding low rank group factors and considering only low lying representations, we find all anomaly free theories. Remarkably, the number of group factors does not exceed four in this class. The proof of completeness in this case relies on a bound which we establish for a parameter characterizing the difference between the number of non-singlet hypermultiplets and the dimension of the gauge group.
Towards a systematic study of non-thermal leptogenesis from inflaton decays
Authors: Zhang Xinyi
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates non-thermal leptogenesis from inflaton decays in the minimal extension of the canonical type-I seesaw model, where a complex singlet scalar ϕ is introduced to generate the Majorana masses of right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) and to play the role of inflaton. First, we systematically study non-thermal leptogenesis with the least model dependence. We give a general classification of the parameter space and find four characteristic limits by carefully examining the interplay between inflaton decay into RHNs and the decay of RHNs into the standard-model particles. Three of the four limits are truly non-thermal, with a final efficiency larger than that of thermal leptogenesis. Two analytic estimates for these three limits are provided with working conditions to examine the validity. In particular, we find that the strongly non-thermal RHNs scenario occupies a large parameter space, including the oscillation-preferred K range, and works well for a relatively-low reheating temperature TRH ≥ 103 GeV, extending the lower bound on the RHN mass to 2 × 107 GeV. The lepton flavor effects are discussed. Second, we demonstrate that such a unified picture for inflation, neutrino masses, and baryon number asymmetry can be realized by either a Coleman-Weinberg potential (for the real part of ϕ) or a natural inflation potential (for the imaginary part of ϕ). The allowed parameter ranges for successful inflation and non-thermal leptogenesis are much more constrained than those without inflationary observations. We find that non-thermal leptogenesis from inflaton decay offers a testable framework for the early Universe. It can be further tested with upcoming cosmological and neutrino data. The model-independent investigation of non-thermal leptogenesis should be useful in exploring this direction.
On-shell functions on the Coulomb branch of $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Abhishek Md. , Hegde Subramanya , Jatkar Dileep P. , Saha Arnab Priya , Suthar Amit
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We study on-shell functions in the kinematic space for the Coulomb branch of $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 4 SYM. We construct BCFW bridges that help us build bigger on-shell functions. As a consequence, we provide on-shell diagram formulations for BCFW shifts that correspond to various mass configurations. We will use this to calculate the quadruple cut for the one-loop amplitude on the Coulomb branch and maximal cuts for higher-loops. We make preliminary comments on finding the inequivalent set of on-shell functions for the Coulomb branch.
Numerical tests of the large charge expansion
Authors: Cuomo Gabriel , Lopes J.M.Viana Parente , Matos José , Oliveira Júlio , Penedones João
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We perform Monte-Carlo measurements of two and three-point functions of charged operators in the critical O(2) model in 3 dimensions. Our results are compatible with the predictions of the large charge superfluid effective field theory. To obtain reliable measurements for large values of the charge, we improved the Worm algorithm and devised a measurement scheme which mitigates the uncertainties due to lattice and finite size effects.
Coexistence of topological semimetal states in holography
Authors: Chu Haoqi , Ji Xuanting , Sun Ya-Wen
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We introduce a holographic model that exhibits a coexistence state of the Weyl semimetal and the topological nodal line state, providing us with a valuable tool to investigate the system’s behavior in the strong coupling regime. Nine types of bulk solutions exhibiting different IR behaviors have been identified, corresponding to nine different types of boundary states. These nine states include four distinct phases, namely the Weyl-nodal phase, the gap-nodal phase, the Weyl gap phase and the gap-gap phase, four phase boundaries, which are the Weyl-Dirac phase, the gap-Dirac phase, the Dirac-gap phase and the Dirac-nodal phase, and finally a double critical point. A phase diagram is plotted that exhibits qualitative similarity to the one obtained in the weak coupling limit. The anomalous Hall conductivity, which serves as an order parameter, and the free energy are calculated, with the latter showing the continuity of the topological phase transitions within the system. Our study highlights the similarities and differences in such a topological system between the weak and strong coupling regimes, paving the way for further experimental observations.
Exploring the spectroscopic and I‑V‑T characteristics advancements of cadmium zinc tungsten phosphate diode
Authors: Mansour A. M. , Nahrawy Amany M. El , Hammad Ali B. Abou
Published: May 2024

This research accomplished the growth of cadmium zinc tungsten phosphate (CZWP) thin films on both glass and p-Si substrates, employing the sol–gel spin coating method. The sol–gel technique offers a versatile and controlled approach for fabricating nanomaterials with tailored properties. The structural and morphological analyses, conducted through XRD and FE-SEM, provided comprehensive insights into the nature of the films. The optical properties, absorbance behavior, energy gap, refractive indices, dielectric, conductivity, and electronegativity, underwent meticulous examination through UV–Vis spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the zinc cadmium tungsten phosphate diode reveals diffraction lines indicative of a nanostructure featuring a monoclinic-phase Zn2P2O7 and Cd3P6O28. Furthermore, SEM analysis confirms a nanoporous morphology with a nanograpes-like structure in the successful crystalline structure of the cadmium zinc tungsten phosphate nanostructure. The optical absorption studies, covering a wavelength range from 190 to 1500 nm, unveiled both direct and indirect energy band gaps, measuring 4.14 and 3.77 eV, respectively. A rigorous analysis of the I-V-T characteristics for the CZNP/p-Si junction in dark mode led to the identification of key parameters, including the transport ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance.
Reasons for non-participation in cancer rehabilitation: a scoping literature review
Authors: Erlik Mikala , Timm Helle , Larsen Anders Thyge Steen , Quist Morten
Published: May 2024

Background

Rehabilitation plays an important role in addressing the many challenges of living with cancer, but a large proportion of people with cancer do not participate in available cancer rehabilitation. Hence, reasons for non-participation in cancer rehabilitation need to be explored.

Objective

The present study undertakes a scoping review of research examining reasons for non-participation in cancer rehabilitation among people with cancer.

Design

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL for articles published until July 2023. Included studies were hand searched for relevant references and citations.

Eligibility criteria

Method: Studies with qualitative, quantitative or mixed-method design. Population: Studies targeting adults (> 18) living with cancer, not participating in rehabilitation. Program type: The review included all studies defining program as rehabilitation but excluded clinical trials. Outcome: Studies examining reasons for non-participation in available rehabilitation.

Data extraction

The extracted data included author(s)/year of publication, aim, population, information, rehabilitation type and main reasons for non-participation.

Results

A total of nine studies were included (n = 3 quantitative, n = 2 qualitative, n = 4 mixed methods). Reasons for non-participation included physical, psychosocial and practical aspects. The main reason across studies was ‘no need for public support’ related to receiving sufficient support from family and friends. All studies focused on individual reasons, and structural conditions were rarely present.

Conclusion

Research within this field is sparse. Future research should explore how individual reasons for non-participation relate to structural conditions, especially among people in socially disadvantaged positions living with cancer.
Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Advanced HIV Disease, from 1996 to 2021: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Portilla-Tamarit I. , Rubio-Aparicio M. , Fuster-RuizdeApodaca M. J. , Portilla-Tamarit J. , Reus S. , Portilla J.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of advanced HIV disease (AHD) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in PLHIV, the changes in HRQoL outcomes over the last 25 years, and the differences between countries according to level of economic development. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. The search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science using the terms: “health-related quality of life”, “HQRoL”, “HIV”, “AIDS”, “advanced HIV disease” and “low CD4 cells”. Studies inclusion criteria were: adult population; initiated after 1996 and published before July 2021; clinical trials, cross-sectional, cohort, and case–control studies; studies analyzing the relationship between AHD and HRQoL; English or Spanish language. Standardized mean differences (d+) were calculated to estimate the effect size for the meta-analyses. Summary statistics were calculated using a random-effects model, and analyses of effect moderators, using mixed-effects models. The meta-analysis included 38 studies. The results indicated that HRQoL is worse in patients with AHD compared to those without. The main HRQoL domains affected were overall health perception and concern and physical and functional health and symptoms. We found a moderate impact for age and gender on some HRQoL domains. There were no differences in relation to socioeconomic inequities, country of residence, or time period analyzed. In conclusion, advanced HIV disease has a negative impact on health and well-being in PLHIV. Our results show that despite all the advances in antiretroviral treatments over the last 25 years, AHD persists as a source of extreme vulnerability, regardless of where PLHIV live.
Effects of Juniperus root extract on wound healing, gene expression, and biochemical response in yellowtail acei Pseudotropheus sp. fish
Authors: Önalan Şükrü , Kankaya Ertuğrul
Published: May 2024

Injuries are an undesirable situation in fish kept in aquariums. The use of antibiotics in wound healing is not preferred due to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and for economic reasons. This study was conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of Juniperus root extract in healing experimentally induced incised wounds in yellowtail acei. Wound closure time, morphology, malondialdehyde content, glutathione s-transferase activity, changes in gene expression levels, non-dispersibility of the extract in aqueous environment, and retention on the wound were analyzed. In the antibiotic group, the scarring of the wound was observed on the sixth day. On the other hand, in the root extract group, wound healing was completed on the second day. In addition, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and glutathione s-transferase levels was observed in the extract group compared to the control group. It was found that SWS2a, RH2B, and LWS gene expression levels started to decrease during wound healing at the end of the second day in the extract-treated group. In the antibiotic group, the same effect was observed on the seventh day. Important properties of the extract used, such as not dispersing in the water environment and remaining on the wound, were also determined. It would be useful to continue the experiments with Juniperus root extract, which has been shown to be effective in wound healing, with microscopic studies on aquaculture and diseases.
Identifying opportunities for invasive species management: an empirical study of stakeholder perceptions and interest in invasive species
Authors: Kleespies Matthias Winfried , Dörge Dorian D. , Peter Norbert , Schantz Anna V. , Skaljic Ajdin , Feucht Viktoria , Burger-Schulz Anna Lena , Dierkes Paul Wilhelm , Klimpel Sven
Published: May 2024

Invasive species are one of the main reasons for the decline in global biodiversity. When it comes to the management of invasive species, stakeholders who are directly involved with this issue play a particularly important role, as they are directly engaged in management and can also influence the public’s perception. This study therefore investigates how different stakeholder groups in Germany perceive invasive species. In total, more than 2200 people were surveyed, belonging to nine different stakeholder groups that are in contact with invasive species (hunters and members in hunting associations, farmers, members of environmental and conservation organizations, members in allotment garden clubs, animal welfare supporters, divers, employees in zoological gardens, administrative employees in the regulatory authority, speleologists). It was found that the number of invasive animal and plant species in Germany was roughly correctly estimated in all groups, but the economic damage caused by invasive species was substantially underestimated. When invasive species were mentioned, mainly conspicuous mammals or plants were listed (e.g. Procyon lotor or Impatiens glandulifera). In all surveyed groups, there was a notable level of interest in invasive species, and they were commonly regarded as environmental issues. While these results offer valuable insights into stakeholders’ perspectives on invasive species, they also highlight the need for improvement. In particular, there is a need for greater education of stakeholders about inconspicuous invasive species, the spread of invasive species and the damage caused by them.
An exploratory clinical trial of preoperative non-invasive localization before breast-conserving surgery using augmented reality technology
Authors: Lee Minah , Woo Joohyun , Peak Se Hyun , Kim Hyun Goo , Lim Woo Sung , Chung Jin , Lee Jee Eun , Kim Jeoung Hyun , Park Sanghui , Kim Ji Min , Lee Jun Woo
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This single-center, randomized, prospective, exploratory clinical trial was conducted to assess the clinical efficacy of an augmented reality (AR)—based breast cancer localization imaging solution for patients with breast cancer.

Methods

This clinical trial enrolled 20 women who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between the ages of 19 and 80, had a single lesion with a diameter ≥ 5 mm but ≤ 30 mm, had no metastases to other organs, and had not received prior chemotherapy. All patients underwent mammography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative assessment. Patients were randomly assigned to ultrasound-guided skin marking localization (USL) and AR-based localization (ARL) groups (n = 10 in each group). Statistical comparisons between USL and ARL groups were made based on demographics, radiologic features, pathological outcomes, and surgical outcomes using chi-square and Student t-tests.

Results

Two surgeons performed breast-conserving surgery on 20 patients. Histopathologic evaluation of all patients confirmed negative margins. Two independent pathologists evaluated the marginal distances, and there were no intergroup differences in the readers' estimates (R1, 6.20 ± 4.37 vs. 5.04 ± 3.47, P = 0.519; R2, 5.10 ± 4.31 vs. 4.10 ± 2.38, P = 0.970) or the readers' average values (5.65 ± 4.19 vs. 4.57 ± 2.84, P = 0.509). In comparing the tumor plane area ratio, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of either reader's mean values (R1, 15.90 ± 9.52 vs. 19.38 ± 14.05, P = 0.525; R2, 15.32 ± 9.48 vs. 20.83 ± 12.85, P = 0.290) or the overall mean values of two readers combined (15.56 ± 9.11 vs. 20.09 ± 13.38, P = 0.388). Convenience, safety, satisfaction, and reusability were all superior in the AR localization group (P < 0.001) based on the two surgeons' responses.

Conclusion

AR localization is an acceptable alternative to ultrasound-guided skin marking with no significant differences in surgical outcomes.
Local water management in cotton linter papers with silica-based coatings
Authors: Mikolei Joanna J. , Biesalski Markus , Ceolin Marcelo , Andrieu-Brunsen Annette
Published: May 2024

Paper with its mechanical strength as well as due to its microfluidic properties has emerged as an interesting sustainable material for future high-tech applications. Examples include paper-based sensors and actuators, paper-based construction materials and paper-based membranes. These examples have in common that a precise control of the water distribution inside the paper sheet during fluid water imbibition, water vapor adsorption, or drying affects the fluidic properties of the paper, which are crucial for its performance. Here silica-based coatings are applied to control the water distribution in the paper sheet during imbibition, adsorption and drying. By using dense silica coatings, the fibers are shielded from water penetration which limits the water distribution into the fiber–fiber voids. Whereas with a mesoporous silica coating, mesopores can be inserted into the paper, providing an additional space for water imbibition and adsorption. Water location upon imbibition, adsorption and drying were investigated using small angle x-ray scattering and gravimetric water vapor adsorption. Thereby, water distribution upon imbibition and adsorption depends on the type of silica coating. In addition, the drying mechanism and water distribution during drying is as well determined by the silica-based coating. The obtained results allow to deduce design criteria for local water management in paper sheets.

Graphical Abstract