bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of legal regulation of land relations in Poland (1919–1921)
Authors: Lesyk Oksana
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the historical and legal analysis of the problems of formation of legal regulation of land relations inPoland (1919–1921).The first important normative legal acts of Poland concerning the legal regulation of land relations are analyzed, in particular theLand Law of 1920 and the Constitution of 1921. It is noted that the Law on Land Reform, adopted on July 15, 1920, consisted of threeparts: 1) Land stock (Articles 1-5); 2) Compulsory redemption and redemption price (Articles 6-22); 3) parcelling (Articles 23–37). Thelaw of 1920 provided for: 1) an increase in the amount of land subject to alienation and intended for parcelling and settlement; 2) divisionof all state and state-acquired lands from its former owners; 3) compensation for landed and ecclesiastical lands that exceeded themaximum norm, in the amount of half of their average market price (Article 13); 4) forced redemption of movable and immovable agriculturalequipment (it should be noted that agricultural buildings were purchased at a price as of August 1, 1914, ie at the beginning ofthe First World War; the owner of several estates had the right to keep no more than one estate – Article 2 and 14); 5) the possibility ofobtaining a loan to purchase land in the amount of up to 75% of the value of the site; 6) the provision of land primarily to non-agriculturaland small farmers, with priority for war invalids and farm workers (Article 29); 7) transfer of the state parcelling fund to the disposalof the Main Land Administration – a special body for the implementation of land reform (Article 4); 8) deprivation of the rightto land of peasants who evaded military service and / or participated in the occupation of agricultural lands (this, in fact, applied toUkrainians in Galicia who opposed the Polish government). It was established that the following were subject to forced redemption:1) lands “unfairly” distributed before the revival of the Polish state (as we understand, this also refers to lands that the government ofthe Western Ukraine began to distribute as a result of its own reform);2) arbitrarily parceled lands without the permission of the competent authorities; 3) land acquired in the period from August 1,1914 to September 14, 1919 by persons for whom agriculture was not a professional occupation; 4) land appropriated for the purposeof usurious profits; 5) lands that have changed their owner more than twice during the war, except in the case of the death of the owneror the transfer of a plot for road construction; 6) land necessary for the livelihood of cities and industrial centers; 7) abandoned anduncultivated lands.
Diversity of legal systems in a totalitarian and democratic society
Authors: Tartasiuk Volodymyr
Published: February 2021

The article presents an analysis of the diversity of democratic and totalitarian systems, proposes the following legal criteria fordelineation: different interpretation and realization of human rights, the presence of negative freedom, revisionist attitude to the institutionof citizenship, the predominance of criminal law over civil and administrative, as well as the low functional specification of thejustice system in totalitarian states.The diversity of legal systems in totalitarian and democratic societies is manifested through the fundamental difference betweenthese types of regimes.While, in general terms, democracy is a form of political organization of society based on the recognition of ci -tizens as the main source of power with the ability to influence political decision-making, at least through participation in periodic elections,the fate of the scientific concept of totalitarianism in the humanities is shorter.It is important to draw a certain distinction not only between democracy and totalitarianism, but also to emphasize the latter’snon-identity to authoritarian rule. In authoritarianism, there is also a usurpation of power, which may have the character of sole tyranny,the fusion and control of its branches, the restriction of human rights and the like. Despotism and tyranny provide for equal conditionsfor subjects, but for totalitarian rule such equalization was not sufficient since it did not affect non-political public relations betweensubjects. At the same time, totalitarian regimes lead to the destruction of such ties, atomizing society and leveling any formal or informalassociations other than those authorized and merged with the total state.Totalitarianism and democracy are systems based on values and ideologies (at least at the time of their formation and legitimization)and also require individual activity from members of society to support the political system for the sake of their sustainable existence.For political regimes, the nature of the relationship of law to State can be described as a partial – authoritarian regime, or a continuous– democratic regime, one of the conditions of which is the rule of law over the State and the determination of the orientationof the State and its methods of implementation by law. Under a totalitarian regime, law becomes only an instrument of the State toimpose its will on society and man.
Passport: global challenges – local solutions
Authors: Sofinska Iryna
Published: February 2021

This article deals with the origin and trajectory of the passport, its multifaceted nature in modern life. Firstly, a passport is a standardizedand written, visualized, and anthropometric, personalized proof of citizenship of its bearer, but not always. Secondly, it is aproof of identification, regardless of the time, place, and mode of acquisition of citizenship of a particular state (in the form of personaldata processing) and control over them by that state. Finally, it is a paper document (actually machine-readable) that gives its bearerrights, responsibilities, and privileges guarantee his/her freedom of movement (unlimited and indefinite entry into and exit from thestate of citizenship) and immunity (from extradition and expulsion).In the time of globalization and omnipresent migration, there is a myriad of modern researches worldwide related to passport,citizenship, person identification, etc. Up to my mind, we can shortlist such authors as Atossa Araxia Abrahamian (cosmopolites andglobal citizen), Leo Benedictus (history of the passport), Claire Benoit (the passport in the context of citizenship), Evelyn Capassakis(passport revocations or denials), Jelena Džankić (the global market for investor citizenship), Yossi Harpaz (dual nationality as a worldwideasset), Martin Lloyd and Craig Robertson (the history of the passport), Mark B Salter (the passport in international relations),Ayelet Shachar (the shifting border of immigration regulation), Peter J Spiro (the past and future of dual citizenship), John C Torpey(the invention of the passport), James Tully (on global citizenship), Patrick Weil (citizenship, passports, and the legal identity of persons).In modern days this most traveled document in the world is a perfect political and legal instrument used by the particular stateto identify its citizens, keep them in the borders, and not let them enjoy the freedom of movement extra territory. In this article, I tracethe history of the passport within the law, international relations, and globalization. A separate piece of information is related to its evolutionduring centuries. It is interesting how passports and their carriers (citizens of a particular state) are handled at international borders?And what are the fundamental functions of the passport in global mobility?In 2020 not only states globally in terms of preservation of national security and identity but also health stop (at least hamper)migration. “This virus (COVID-19) does not have a passport”, declared French President Emmanuel Macron on 12 March 2020 in aprimary television address to the French people. Non-essential travel when you possess not enough worthy passport stops you beyondthe borders of the European Union. You are not allowed to enter unless you acquire dual nationality and obtain a second alternativepassport.
Private space flights: legal regulation in the United States
Authors: Zadorozhny Оleksandr
Published: February 2021

The emergence of demand for space travel, the emergence of commercial enterprises and travel agencies in the space industry,the development of vehicles designed exclusively for transporting tourists into space – all this suggests that space may soon turn froma scientific object into a common destination. Therefore, today the legal regulation of private space flights is a promising issue, giventhat there is no such legislation in Ukraine. We turn to the analysis of the legislation of the United States of America to assess whatarray of regulations we will have to master if we want to develop private space flights at home.A private space flight is a space flight or development of space flight technology that is conducted and paid for by an entity otherthan a government agency. Depending on the purpose, private space flights are divided into flights for the purpose of transportation ofcargoes, and flights within the framework of space tourism.The article presents an overview and analysis of the legislation of the USA regulating private space flights, in particular, flightsfor the purpose of transportation of cargoes, and flights in the framework of space tourism. The author highlights a chronological formationof the commercialization of space, which clearly shows the gradual transition of the United States from a complete reluctanceto allow private space flights to the recognition of the indisputable economic feasibility of such activities. A significant shift in this areahas taken place since 2015, when five directives on space policy, the National Space Strategy and orders on the exploration, extractionand use of space resources were adopted.The author analyzes the main sources of space law in the United States. It was found that mostly, the legislation does not keepup with innovations in the commercialization of space, thus, there is a situation when first comes a relationship (flight of a tourist orcargo into space), and then – the legislative regulation of such relations.
The relationship between the sovereignty of member states and the supernationality of international organizations
Authors: Shpakovych Olga , Penkovska Sofia
Published: February 2021

The article presents the result of theoretical and practical study of the relationship between state sovereignty and supranationalityof international organizations. In particular, it is determined that the phenomenon of supranationality of international organizations isderived from state sovereignty and acts as its external law. It has been shown that, in view of this, supranationality is limited becauseit arises through the exercise of sovereignty by states, and, accordingly, is limited by the amount of state sovereignty exercised by states.The relevant mechanism has also been studied on the example of the functioning of the European Union.Regarding the theoretical results, the following should be noted. First, it was proved that despite the different approaches of scho -lars to the understanding of supranationality, definitions of this concept and the separation of its features (properties), in each case,supranationality is a direct realization of state sovereignty. At the same time, the realization of state sovereignty in relation to such pro -perties of international organizations as supranational is primary, and supranationality in this case is derivative. In addition, the phenomenonof supranationality of international organizations due to the fact that it is derived is limited, because supranationality arisesthrough the exercise of sovereignty by states, and, accordingly, is limited by the amount of state sovereignty exercised by states. Thatis why when analyzing the relationship between the supranationality of international organizations and state sovereignty, one cannotconsider the priority of one of the two, because supranationality is in essence a manifestation of state sovereignty.Regarding the practical results, the author considers it appropriate to emphasize that both the regional international organization –the EU was studied, and, at the same time, it was proved that all theoretical provisions were reflected in practice, in particular, envisagedfunctions, goals and the tasks of the studied international organizations are limited in scope by the manifestation of sovereignty shownby states, similar to the regulations issued by organizations. Another indication that the state can exercise its sovereignty in any case isthat there is an effective and transparent procedure for leaving these organizations
European integration processes аnd private international law: certain aspects
Authors: Gramatskiy Ernest
Published: February 2021

Certain aspects, the meaning and relationship between adaptation of the private legislation of Ukraine to the requirements of theEuropean Community and private international law are analyzed in the article. The above mentioned phenomena are explored in thelight of the active integration of Ukraine into European and world space, which at the same time explains the stage of fundamentalchanges in the national system of private law.Special attention is paid to the provisions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union dated June 27,2014, which became the basis for deepening the processes of democratization and liberalization in all spheres of life, including thesphere of regulation of private law relations complicated by a foreign element – the legal relations that make up the subject matter ofinternational private law.The concept, features and legal aim of adaptation in law in the context of European integration changes were the subject todetailed analysis. Various approaches of scientists in terms of characterization of this concept are analyzed. It is indicated that the adaptationof the national legislation of Ukraine to the legislation of the European Union is a long and multi-stage process, the plan of whichis enshrined at the level of international treaties, including the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union of June27, 2014. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the provisions of the Association Agreement, which are directly devoted to internationalprivate law and legal relations which make up its subject matter.Special attention is paid to the issue of intellectual property law and its regulation under current legislation of Ukraine and AssociationAgreement between Ukraine and the European Union. Certain aspects referring trademark regulation are analyzed. Judicial practiceof the national court of Ukraine has been taken into account as well.It is crucial to stress that European integration processes have their direct impact on private international law system and its me -cha nism of legal regulation.
The jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court for the crime of aggression
Authors: Plakhotniuk Nataliia , Irzhova Maryna
Published: February 2021

The article emphasizes that the crime of aggression is considered the most serious crime against peace since the Nuremberg Tribunal,which is recognized by both domestic and Western doctrine. Amendments to the Rome Statute in 2010 defined signs of aggressionas an international crime and clarified the rules for exercising the jurisdiction of the International criminal court. Optimistic expectationsfor establishing effective jurisdiction of the court over this international crime have been dashed. As a result, it is concluded thateffective international criminal prosecution of the crime of aggression is possible only if the norms of the Rome Charter that cause themost negative reaction from the leading States are reviewed.It should be noted that in respect of a state that is not a party to the Rome Statute, the Court will not exercise its jurisdiction overthe crime of aggression committed by nationals of that state or on its territory.The International criminal court should serve as a symbol of international justice, which makes just decisions related to violationsof international law. As for the procedure for implementing the proceedings of the International criminal court, it is worth noting thatsuch a procedure for executing the decision of the ISS is double. The dual procedure for the enforcement of decisions of the InternationalCriminal Court is the Foundation of the Rome Charter and represents a new system in the history of public international law inthe field of international responsibility.Thus, it is possible to see that although at first glance the long process of formulating and adopting a unified definition of thecrime of aggression at the international level to succeed, thorough the consideration allows you to comprehend the profound incompletenessof this process. Features of the crime of aggression provided for in the draft edits the Rome Statute, as well as the amendmentmechanism itself, illustrate the real lack of a mechanism for holding individuals internationally responsible for its Commission, as wellas the rather disappointing prospect of positive changes in the near future.Despite the conflicts that arise between the norms of national criminal law and the provisions of the ISS Charter, the procedureitself is an effective legal instrument aimed at maintaining international peace and security. The joint work of the International CriminalCourt and the UN Security Council makes it possible to try cases of international crimes and take effective measures to counter suchcrimes. As a key component of the International criminal justice system, the International criminal Court is one of the most significantinstitutions of international criminal law, which is constantly developing and to a certain extent affects the patterns in the developmentof mechanisms for the investigation of international crimes and the protection of human rights at the international and national levels.
Combined automated searching for coassociative relations as a preprocessing step in exploratory multispectral data analysis
Authors: Vakulenko D. , Kravets A.
Published: February 2021

In current research a combination of several techniques–group of cluster analysis approaches and machine learning methods have been used to investigate the satellite multispectral imagery of cropland.The primary work with data makes emphasis on clustering by agroup of algorithms. The method proves to make the neural network detecting of pixels with similar signatures in much more accurate way and allows to interpret crop growth processescorrectly.The technique appears useful in order to form a representativetraining set for powerful neural image classification model to provide the accuracy of revealing structural dependencies and carrying them over on new data.The theoreticalpart of research is given to plan further experimental researchwork.
The prospects of a CMS development
Authors: Gutovskiy D. I. , Dobrinin V. N.
Published: February 2021

This article contains the description of the prospects of a CMS development and the short description of the stages of the Internet-formation before an appearance of the CMS. And the assumed way of a CMS development along the MODx-scenario is described in this article.
Hubungan Profesiensi Bahasa Melayu dengan Pencapaian Akademik di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Murid Bukan Penutur Natif
Authors:   Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, Nahar Nora’Azian
Published: February 2021

The lack of mastery of Malay proficiency at National Type Schools (SJK) has caused deterioration of academic achievement in recent years. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of proficiency in all four skills of Malay language proficiency with students’ academic achievement among non-native speakers at National Type Schools (SJK). A total of 414 samples from 5 SJK schools were selected for study. The two instruments used to obtain data are the UPBM_SR Proficiency Test and UPBM_SR Score Level. Data were processed using IBMSPSS Version 23 with a cross-sectional survey design. The results show that the scores for the four Proficiency Tests conducted are moderate, and writing skills are at a low level. Results for the overall level of proficiency in listening, speaking, reading and writing skills showed that the majority of students obtained Level 5 (almost proficient), which is 29% (120 students). No students received Level 1 or Level 8. This clearly shows that there is a great relationship between Malay language proficiency and academic achievement. Only students who are possess good listening, speaking, reading and writing skills in a second language are able to improve their academic performance. The diligent efforts of all parties are needed to create a generation competent in the Malay language.
Representasi Argumen Gerak Ruang Bahasa Melayu Berdasarkan Teori Struktur Konseptual
Authors:   Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, Rosly Nurul Jamilah , Yusof Maslida ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: February 2021

Motion is understood as a change from one location to another. Therefore, this study focuses on spatial motion consisting of directional, extensional, state and causative motion. This study utilizes data from the Pangkalan Data Korpus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka database in Malaysia for its study samples. The analysis employs Jackendoff’s (1997 & 2011) Theory of Conceptual Structure for its framework. The mapping of these arguments comprises three main stages, namely mapping to conceptual structure representation, mapping to conceptual tree diagrams and mapping to thematic roles. The results show that spatial motion is present in the [Event] and [States] functions that carry the basic formula [[[MOTION [x [Event] [Object] [Path] [Place]]]. The findings show that the lexical items balik, berlari, tinggal, terletak, berada, bunuh, paksa, benar and tolong have their own representation of arguments involving constituents such as [Event], [States], [Object] [Path] [Place] [Event] REASON], [NO Causative], [TRUE Causative] and [HELP Causative]. For the mapping stage in the thematic role, the item involved is the role of Actor, Theme, Goal, Source, Agent and Beneficiary (-). Accordingly, this study shows an adequate systematic representation of the conceptual structure, particularly in the spatial motion domain in the Malay language.
El control de la presión arterial y su influencia en el estilo de vida de las personas hipertensas
Authors: García Rodríguez Reynier , Fonseca Liermo Leyra Adriana , Dueñas Segovia Francisco , Andaluz Granda Lenin Mauricio
Published: February 2021

A nivel internacional la hipertensión arterial es una problemática acuciante y en Ecuador también, por tal razón el artículo se gesta ante el carente control de la hipertensión arterial en usuarios y la necesidad del logro de estilos de vida saludables que sean de impacto en las personas hipertensas y en la comunidad, en sentido general.  El estudio es parte del proyecto de investigación: “Zona protegida, Parques La Rotonda y Las Vegas de Portoviejo”, como iniciativa del Instituto Superior Tecnológico “Portoviejo”.  El objetivo fue: Concientizar a las personas hipertensas en el control de la presión arterial en función del estilo de vida saludable. Es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado durante el semestre junio-diciembre de 2019, con una muestra de 500 personas comprendidas entre 30 y 80 años de edad, todos dieron el consentimiento informado. Como resultado importante se logró identificar los principales factores por los cuales los usuarios padecen de hipertensión arterial y el porqué de estilos de vida que van en detrimento de la salud integral, pero con énfasis en la tensión arterial. Se concluyó que la hipertensión arterial es multicausal, ha sido estudiada por diferentes especialistas del área médica y otras apelándose a que su control radica en los buenos hábitos relacionados con la alimentación, la nutrición, el ejercicio físico, la reducción del estrés y la ansiedad; propendiendo a una comunidad poseedora de una vida saludable.
Resiliencia y estrategias de afrontamiento en estudiantes egresados de Psicología Clínica de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí durante la pandemia covid-19
Authors: Gorozabel Vetrov Artur Tatianovich , García Cedeño María Leonila
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar la relación entre la resiliencia y las estrategias de afrontamiento presentes en estudiantes egresados de Psicología Clínica de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM), durante la pandemia COVID-19, entre los meses de julio y agosto de 2020. Se empleó un enfoque de investigación mixto, tanto cualitativo como cuantitativo y un diseño descriptivo-correlacional. En el estudio participaron 69 estudiantes a los cuales se aplicó una ficha sociodemográfica para conocer las características de la muestra, una escala de resiliencia para identificar los niveles de resiliencia presentes y un inventario de estrategias de afrontamiento para caracterizar las estrategias de afrontamiento más empleadas. Los principales resultados destacan que los estudiantes egresados tienen buenos puntajes en los niveles de resiliencia, las variables y las características de la muestra presentan una escasa diferencia estadísticamente significativa y los niveles de resiliencia tienen una correlación débil con las estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas.
Herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de información científica en estudiantes de la carrera de Agronomía
Authors: Salazar Arias Juan Pío , Gavilánez Buñay Tatiana Carolina , Picay Ronquillo Wellington Jean , Tapia Ramírez Cristian Santiago
Published: February 2021

La educación ambiental constituye una opción vital ante la crisis en que se halla inmerso el mundo, de ahí la importancia de las asignaturas que forman cultura y consciencia en estos temas. En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis del empleo de las herramientas de infotecnología en la gestión de información en los estudiantes que cursan la asignatura Educación Ambiental en la carrera Agronomía, de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, en Ecuador. La población objeto de estudio se encuentra conformada por 37 estudiantes y se seleccionó una muestra de 33 alumnos. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo exploratorio descriptivo, a partir de un diseño no experimental descriptivo. Se obtiene un diagnóstico que permite proyectar la formación de competencias tecnológicas que apoyen el desarrollo de los proyectos de investigación de los estudiantes.
Percepción del aprendizaje en el contexto de las clases en línea de la Universidad de Guayaquil frente a la COVID-19
Authors: Vera Janeth Diaz , Peña Hojas Delia , Ruiz Ramirez Alicia Karina , Macías Mora Diana
Published: February 2021

El presente estudio describe y analiza las percepciones de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Guayaquil acerca de la modalidad de clases en línea, período académico 2020-2021, ciclo I, durante el tiempo de pandemia de la COVID-19 en Ecuador. Para recolectar las percepciones de los estudiantiles, se elaboró un cuestionario de preguntas en línea (abiertas y cerradas) y se aplicó a un total de 276 de estudiantes. Se utilizó un análisis de frecuencias para describir sus percepciones y asociarlos con su desempeño académico. Los hallazgos  reflejaron que un porcentaje considerable de participantes tienen una percepción positiva, sin embargo es necesario generar propuestas encaminadas a mejorar los entornos virtuales de la institución.
Motivación y su influencia en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de educación básica superior
Authors: Soledispa Rivera Audrey María , San Andrés Soledispa Evelyn Juliana , Soledispa Pin Rafael Antonio
Published: February 2021

La motivación es de vital importancia para el aprendizaje de los educandos, porque  constituye el punto de partir para aprender, crea el impulso de actuar y hace posible el aprendizaje. El presente tiene por objetivo determinar el grado de influencia de la motivación en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes. Se emplearon los métodos de investigación: empírico, descriptivo e investigativo, se aplicó una entrevista a la psicóloga de la institución y la recolección de datos se hizo mediante la técnica de la encuesta aplicada a 66 estudiantes. Los resultados de los instrumentos demostraron que a los estudiantes les falta determinar sus intereses y necesidades, no se han fijado metas, ni proyectos de vida. Es el docente y los padres de familias que tienen que ayudar a desarrollar las capacidades y habilidades con el fin de prepararlos para la vida y para adquirir el cambio de actitud del educando se debe aplicar una motivación eficaz en el proceso educativo; enseñar hábitos de estudios para que se interesen, valoren la educación y tomen conciencia de que ésta es la única  que sacará del subdesarrollo a la sociedad.
Molecular Docking Study of Astaxanthin Derived from Radio-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus sp. Strain WMA-LM9 to Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, 3 (MMP-1, MMP-3)
Authors: Sajjad Wasim , Abbasi Sumra Wajid , Ali Liaqat
Published: February 2021

Objective: To assess role of astaxanthin in downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-3) as potential mitigator for skin aging and antioxidant for different pathological diseasesStudy Design: Cross sectional.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Biological Sciences of National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June 2019 to March 2020.Materials and Methods: The docking studies of two different matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3) with astaxanthin were carried out using Autodock/vina. The structural details were obtained from protein data bank and subjected to energy minimization using the UCSF Chimera 1.12.|Results: Out of the two selected targets, we found the highest binding energy (-11.9 kacl/mol) was for stromelysin-1 and astaxanthin docked complex. Astaxanthin was found to bind within the reported, predominantly hydrophobic S1, active site of protein mostly by hydrophobic interactions. The catalytic zinc ion has also shown to establish an electrostatic interaction with histidine residues of the MMPs.Conclusion: The current results suggest that astaxanthin has potential inhibitory activity on MMP-1 and MMP-3 and can be used as treatment to sunburns and skin aging.
A nyelv kompetenciájától a kompetencia nyelvéig
Authors: Galántai László
Published: February 2021

A tanulmány a kortárs neveléstudomány egyik központi fogalma, a kompetencia tudományos forrásvidékének feltárására vállalkozik. Kompetenciaalapú tanárképzés, kompetenciaalapú oktatás, kimeneti kompetenciák – csak néhány azon kontextusok közül, amelyekben a fogalom újra és újra felbukkan. Ezek értelmezéséhez elengedhetetlen a fogalom pszichológiai eredetének vázlatos elemzése, amely után a kompetenciaalapú képzés egyetempedagógiai értelmezésére vállalkozunk a munkaerőpiaccal való összefüggésében. A kutatás kiindulópontjának a kognitív elmekutatás pszichológiai és nyelvészeti eredményeit tekinti. Ezek kompetencia-fogalmából vonunk le következtetéseket a fogalom tudományos értelmezhetőségére vonatkozóan, de nem tévesztjük szem elől a kompetencia szó hétköznapi használatát sem.
Kooperáció a történettudomány és a közoktatás között
Authors: Dévényi Anna , Gőzsy Zoltán
Published: February 2021

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Fejlesztés hatásainak ellenőrzése autizmus spektrumzavar esetén
Authors: Szilágyi Anna
Published: February 2021

Szakdolgozati munkám során egy autizmus spektrum zavarral élő gyermekkel foglalkoztam egyéni fejlesztési terv alapján. Tanulmányomban egy leíró jellegű esettanulmány alapján mutatom be a fejlesztés koncepcionális hátterét, a kidolgozott komplex fejlesztési tervet, az alkalmazott módszerek sajátosságait és a fejlesztés során bekövetkezett változásokat egy nyolc éves gyermek különböző készségeiben. Az esettanulmányban a szakirodalmi elemzés mellett a gyermek sajátosságainak megismerésére három nem sztenderdizált mérőeszközt használtam, s az így nyert adatok feldolgozására kvantitatív és kvalitatív elemzést alkalmaztam. A gyermek fejlődésében érdekeltek véleményének megismerésére fókuszcsoport típusú beszélgetést szerveztem. Az adatgyűjtésben és az adatok feldolgozásában, értelmezésében többoldalú megközelítésre, a trianguláció elvének az érvényesítésére törekedtem (Szokolszky, 2004). Az eset elemzése előtt először az autizmus spektrum zavar fogalmát járom körül viselkedéses és kognitív szinten.
A pedagógusszakma és -pálya népszerűsítésének technikái a nemzetközi gyakorlatban: elméleti alapok, kutatási kérdések, horizontális elemzési eredmények
Authors: Gordon Győri János , Oláhné Téglási Ilona , Ütőné Visi Judit
Published: February 2021

A Pedagógusképzés következő három tanulmánya egy TÁMOP-kutatás részeredményeit mutatja be. A feltáró jellegű kutatás során a pedagógusszakma és -pálya népszerűsítésének stratégiáit és technikáit vizsgáltuk tíz ország keretében, országonként tizennégy szempont mentén. Az összegyűjtött adatokból részint az egyes oktatási rendszerek egészét átfogó országtanulmányokat, részint pedig tematikus elemzéseket készítettünk, valamint az oktatáspolitika által használható javaslatokat fogalmaztunk meg közel száz pontban. Gordon Győri János, Oláhné Téglási Ilona és Ütőné Visi Judit írásának1 első részében a kutatás kérdéseit, elméleti kereteit és módszertanát foglalják össze, a második részben pedig egy olyan összehasonlítás eredményeit ismertetik, amelynek során Magyarországot és kilenc másik országot négy szempontból vetették össze a kutatási témában.
A tanítás- tanulás módszertanának szerepe a tanítóképzésben
Authors: Kövecsesné dr. Gősi Viktória
Published: February 2021

A tanulmány célja a tanítás-tanulás módszertan szerepének, jelentőségének bemutatása a tanítóképzésben. A tanítás-tanulás módszertan a tantóképzés kezdetétől markáns szerepet tölt be a képzésben. Elméleti megalapozottsága és a gy akorlattal való harmóniája évszázadok során kiváló alapot biztosított ahhoz, hogy a végzett tanítók megállják a helyüket a pályán. Ma sincs ez másként, azonban figyelembe kell vennünk a tanítás-tanulás módszertanának tervezésénél azokat a kultúránkban, társadalmukban és a generációkban bekövetkező változásokat, melyek alapvető irányokat fogalmaznak meg az oktatás számára. A tanulmány célja ezeknek a területeknek a bemutatása, szemléltetése.
Analysis of the ship's stability reserve for inland and mixed (river-sea) navigation
Authors: Роннов Е.П. , Кочнев Ю.А. , Гуляев И.А.
Published: February 2021

При проверке остойчивости по основному критерию или критерию погоды, кренящий и восстанавливающий момент мо гут быть равны между собой. С одной стороны этого достаточно, что бы судно было признано остойчивым при действии динамического ветра, с другой стороны, минимальные отклонения различных элементов и характеристик судна от расчётных значений, могут вызвать рост кренящего и снижение восстанавливающего моментов, который при низком уровне самой остойчивости судна может привести к чрезвычайной ситуации, и в худшем случае потере судна. В настоящей работе представлен общий подход к определению фактически необходимого коэффициента запаса остойчивости, проанализированы факторы влияющие на изменение действующих на судно моментов при его наклонении на конечные углы. Авторами так же рассмотрены минимальные приращения данных факторов, которые допускаются действующими Правилами Российского Речного Регистра и фактически приводят, к незначительной ошибке. В качестве примера рассчитан фактический коэффициент запаса остойчивости, для сухогрузного судна смешанного (река-море) плавания.

When checking the stability of the main criterion or the weather criterion, the heeling and restoring moment can be equal to each other. On the one hand, this is sufficient for the ship to be considered stable under the influence of dynamic wind, on the other hand, the minimum deviations of various elements and characteristics of the vessel from the calculated values can cause an increase in the heeling and reducing the restoring moments, which, if the ship's stability is low, can lead to an emergency situation, and in the worst case, the loss of the vessel. This paper presents a General approach to determining the actual required coefficient of stability margin, and analyzes the factors that affect the change in the moments acting on the ship when it tilts to the final angles. The authors also consider the minimum increments of these factors, which are confirmed by the current Rules of the Russian River Register and actually lead to a minor error. As an example, the actual coefficient of responsiveness is calculated for a dry cargo ship of mixed (river-sea) navigation.
Investigation of the working process of a diesel engine when operating on anhydrous fuel, coarse and micro-heterogeneous water-fuel emulsion
Authors: Андрющенко С.П. , Титов С.В. , Юр Г.С.
Published: February 2021

Оксиды азота являются наиболее опасными химическими соединениями, находящимися в составе отработавших газов судовых дизелей. Уменьшение содержания оксидов азота является весьма сложной задачей, так как это связано с ограничениями максимальной температуры цикла, термического КПД и, следовательно, с ограничениями по топливной экономичности. Одним из эффективных способов уменьшения концентрации оксидов азота является применение водотопливных эмульсий. Недостатком применения эмульсии является увеличение удельного расхода топлива. Целью работы является исследование возможности одновременного снижения уровня вредных выбросов и расхода топлива при работе дизеля на ВТЭ. В статье приведены описание экспериментальной установки и результаты экспериментальных исследований дизеля Ч10,5/12 на безводном топливе, грубой и микрогетерогенной водотопливных эмульсий с содержанием воды 15% при работе по винтовой характеристике. С использование полученных в ходе испытаний дизеля индикаторных диаграмм выполнен сравнительный анализ рабочего процесса на различных топливах. Полученные результаты выполненных исследований подтвердили эффективность использования микрогетерогенной эмульсии, в сравнении с грубой эмульсией для снижения выбросов оксидов азота с отработавшими газами в судовых дизельных энергетических установках и уменьшения удельного расхода топлива.

Nitrogen oxides are the most dangerous chemical compounds which come out with the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines. Reducing nitrogen oxides is challenging due to limitations on maximum cycle temperature, thermal efficiency, and hence fuel economy limitations. One of the effective ways to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides is the use of water-fuel emulsions. The disadvantage of using an emulsion is the significant fuel consumption increase.
This article describes the experimental setup and the results of experimental studies of a Ч10.5/12 diesel engine on anhydrous fuel, coarse and micro-heterogeneous water-fuel emulsions with a water content of 15% when operating in service. Performance diagrams obtained during the diesel engine tests let the authors get a comparative analysis of the working process using various fuels. The results confirmed the effectiveness of using a micro-heterogeneous emulsion, in comparison with a coarse emulsion, to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides with exhaust gases in marine propulsion systems and to reduce fuel consumption.
Prediction of fuel consumption for marine diesel in feasibility study of inland ship design
Authors: Платов А.Ю. , Платов Ю.И. , Васильева О.Ю.
Published: February 2021

Предложен метод расчёта расхода топлива судового дизеля на разных режимах, для которого достаточно знания всего одного параметра – эффективной мощности двигателя. Потребность в таком методе обусловлена необходимостью оценки эксплуатационных расходов на ранних стадиях проектирования, когда эксплуатационные параметры судна неизвестны. Существующие методы оценки расхода топлива, требующие минимального набора параметров, не позволяют адекватно учитывать изменяющиеся условия плавания, что характерно для работы речных судов. Приведён анализ некоторых таких методов. На основе аппроксимации индикаторного к.п.д. построен аналитический метод, вычисляющий расход топлива судового дизеля при заданной мощности и относительной частоте вращения. Приводятся примеры расчёта расхода топлива для реального судна и стендовой характеристики судового дизеля. Построенный метод позволяет дополнить существующие методы расчёта ходкости новых судов и адекватно прогнозировать расход топлива в условиях эксплуатации судов на внутренних водных путях.

A method for calculating the fuel consumption of marine diesel engines is proposed. It is enough for this to have only one parameter - the brake power. This method is necessary as there is the need to estimate operating costs in the early stages of ships design, when the ships parameters are unknown. Existing methods for estimating fuel consumption, requiring a minimum set of parameters, are not adequate for inland waterway conditions. An analysis of some of these methods is given. Based on approximation of indicator efficiency proposed analytical method for prediction of the fuel consumption of a marine diesel engine at a given power and relative speed is based on the analytical approximation of indicated thermal efficiency. Examples of predicting fuel consumption for the real ship and the marine diesel engines are given. The proposed method complements the existing methods for propulsion of new ships and to adequately predict of fuel consumption on inland waterways.
Finite-element modeling of bending failure of floating ice beam
Authors: Дрепин М.А. , Гучинский Р.В.
Published: February 2021

Объектом исследования является ледовая балка, двигающаяся с постоянной скоростью на наклонную опору. Цель исследования – расчетно-экспериментальное определение координаты разлома ледовой балки с учетом различных способов моделирования упругого основания и сопоставление с данными модельного эксперимента. Для моделирования взаимодействия ледовой балки с наклонной опорой используется метод конечных элементов. Материалом для разработки численной модели служат данные серии модельных экспериментов. Разработана модель с тремя различными способами моделирования упругого основания: по Винклеру, дискретно распределёнными упругими элементами и при помощи твёрдого тела. Подтверждена эквивалентность всех способов моделирования упругого основания. Рассмотрено два типа контакта между водным основанием и балкой. Определение координаты разлома балки из модельного льда при малых скоростях может быть выполнено в квазистатической постановке без решения динамической задачи. Предложено три способа моделирования упругого основания.

This paper discusses moving of an ice beam at constant speed onto an inclined support. The purpose of this study was experimental and numerical determination of the ice beam breaking distance, considering various methods of the elastic foundation modeling and comparison with the data of the model experiment. The finite element method is used to model the interaction of an ice beam with an inclined support. Numerical model was based on the data from the series of model experiments. The model with three different methods for modeling an elastic foundation has been developed: according to Winkler, discretely distributed elastic elements and using a rigid body. The equivalence of all the methods of elastic foundation modeling is confirmed. The influence of the type of contact between the water base and the beam on modeling accuracy is analyzed. Determination of the beam breaking distance for model ice beam at low speeds can be performed in a quasi-static formulation without solving the dynamic problem. Three methods are proposed for modeling an elastic foundation.
Unicentric Castleman disease. A case report and literature review.
Authors: Rojo Abecia M , Pérez Morera A , Roldán Cortés D , Ruiz De la Hermosa A , Yagüe Rigopolou N , Román García de León L , Paseiro Crespo G
Published: February 2021

La enfermedad de Castleman fue descrita por primera vez en 1956 y se trata de un grupo de desórdenes linfoproliferativos que comparten un patrón histológico.

La enfermedad se divide principalmente en unicéntrica o multicéntrica. La multicéntrica afecta a múltiples regiones ganglionares, está frecuentemente relacionada con el VHH-8 en pacientes inmunodeficientes, aunque puede ser idiopática. Estos pacientes generalmente presentan síntomas sistémicos.

La enfermedad de Castleman unicéntrica afecta a una única región ganglionar y generalmente es asintomática. Es más frecuente en pacientes jóvenes y de sexo femenino. En caso de presentar síntomas, suelen estar relacionados con el efecto masa que provocan los ganglios afectos. Si la enfermedad es resecable, la extirpación completa es curativa en la mayoría de los pacientes. En los casos irresecables, se pueden utilizar otras terapias, tanto sistémicas, basadas en inmunosupresores, como locales, destacando la embolización y la radioterapia.

Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 24 años estudiada por dolor en miembro superior izquierdo. Las pruebas complementarias pusieron de manifiesto un conglomerado adenopático retropectoral sin afectación a otros niveles. El estudio anatomopatológico tras la resección quirúrgica mostró hallazgos compatibles con una enfermedad de Castleman.
Nutritional approach in digestive surgery. One way to improve postoperative results.
Authors: Oliva Mompean F , Gomez Rosado JC , Valdes Hernandez J , Cornejo Jurado I
Published: February 2021

El enfoque nutricional del paciente quirúrgico no parece generalizado en la práctica clínica. Sin embargo es importante para la mejor recuperación de los pacientes, mejora los resultados y disminuye las complicaciones, estancias y costes, propiciando postoperatorios más favorables.

La detección temprana de la desnutrición es importante para individualizar los requerimientos proteicos, evitando la sobrealimentación. Nos decidimos por MUST por su facilidad de aplicación, capacidad de cribado y reproducibilidad, incluso por el propio paciente.

Aconsejamos terapia nutricional preoperatoria en pacientes de riesgo moderado-alto, con suplementos orales, siempre que sea posible. Recomendamos suplementos de arginina, ribonucleótidos y ácidos grasos omega-3, especialmente en oncológicos. Se mantiene en aquellos con riesgo elevado.

Evitamos la resistencia a la insulina y su implicación en la respuesta inflamatoria suministrando maltodextrina al 12,5%, previa a cirugía programada.

Iniciamos ingesta oral a las 12 horas postoperatorias para normalizar tan pronto como es posible, sin necesidad de evidenciar motilidad intestinal.
Hubungan Pendidikan dan Pendapatan Orang Tua dengan Pertumbuhan Balita
Authors: Khayati Yulia Nur , Sundari Sundari
Published: February 2021

The factors influencing the growth and development of children are internal factor, external factor which is prenatal factor, during giving birth factor and after giving birth factor. Prenatal factors include nutrition, mechanism, toxin, endoctrine, radiation, and mother’s psychological condition, while for the factors after giving birth are nutrition, psychological condition, social environment and stimulation. Family and culture factors involve parents’ job and income, educational levels and knowledge. The purpose of this research is to know the correlation between parents’ educational levels and income with the growth of children under five measured by using Body Weight/Body Height (BB/TB) and Body Height/Age (TB/A). The method applied analytical observational using cross sectional approach. The samples were children under five aged 0-5 years as many as 75 respondents. The technique to collect the data used WHO’s growth table consisting of  body height per age (TB/U) and body weight per body height (BB/TB), parents’ job and income were collected by using questionnaires and analyzed bivariately by using chi Square test. The results of this research showed a correlation between parents’ educational levels and income with the growth (TB/U), a correlation between parents’ educational levels and the growth of the children (BB/TB) and no correlation between parents’ income with the growth of the children (BB/TB)