bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Transportation and Logistics Performance: An Improved Composite Index
Authors: Lu Mingxuan , Xie Ruhe , Chen Peirong , Zou Yifeng , Tang Jie
Published: May 2019

This article constructs an environmental logistics performance index (ELPI) for assessing the overall performance in green transportation and logistics practices of 112 countries. The index is measured by logistics performance index (LPI), CO2 emissions and oil consumption from the transport sector, using a range-adjusted measure (RAM) of the data envelopment analysis (DEA). ELPI effectively reflects the tradeoff between logistics efficiency and environmental protection in transportation. This article analyzes the impact of income and region on ELPI scores and discusses those countries’ reduction potential in oil consumption intensity and carbon intensity. The main finding of the research work is that ELPI is strongly correlated with LPI, and countries with high performance in LPI generally perform well in ELPI. Similar to the characteristics of LPI, ELPI is also closely related to income and region. During our study period, high income countries performed best, while Sub-Saharan Africa countries performed worst. However, some exceptions such as Venezuela, RB and Benin, indicate that the level of development of logistics performance and green transportation can outperform or lag behind their income or region group peers.
Assessing the Livelihood Vulnerability of Rural Indigenous Households to Climate Changes in Central Nepal, Himalaya
Authors: Sujakhu Nani Maiya , Ranjitkar Sailesh , He Jun , Schmidt-Vogt Dietrich , Su Yufang , Xu Jianchu
Published: May 2019

Climate change and related hazards affect the livelihoods of people and their vulnerability to shocks and stresses. Though research on the linkages between a changing climate and vulnerability has been increasing, only a few studies have examined the caste/ethnicity and gender dimensions of livelihood vulnerability. In this study, we attempt to explore how cultural and gender-related aspects influence livelihood vulnerability in indigenous farming mountain communities of the Nepal Himalaya in the context of climate change. We applied the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) to estimate household (social group and gender-based) vulnerability in farming communities in the Melamchi River Valley, Nepal. The results identified female-headed families, and those belonging to disadvantaged social groups as more vulnerable and in need of being preferentially targeted by policy measures. Higher exposure to climatic extremes and related hazards, dependency on natural resources, lack of financial assets, and weak social networking were identified as components that determine overall vulnerability. The study also visualizes complex adaptation pathways and analyzes the influence of gender and ethnicity on the capacities of households and communities to adapt to climate change.
Optimal Nitrogen Application Rates of One-Time Root Zone Fertilization and the Effect of Reducing Nitrogen Application on Summer Maize
Authors: Jiang Chaoqiang , Ren Xuexiang , Wang Huoyan , Lu Dianjun , Zu Chaolong , Wang Shiji
Published: May 2019

Improvement in fertilization methods, including the optimal matching of nutrient supply and root nutrient absorption by applying nitrogen (N) in the root zone of crop, is necessary to improve N use efficiency (NUE), maintain high stable yield cultivation of maize, and contribute toward future environmental protection. The current practice of split surface broadcasting (SSB) of N is labor-intensive and the surface broadcasting causes a large amount of N to leach into the environment, yet it does not substantially increase maize yield. Root zone fertilization (RZF) has been identified as an efficient way to solve such problems. However, information on the appropriate amount of N fertilizer under RZF for summer maize remains limited. Therefore, in this study, a two-year consecutive field experiment was conducted during 2015–2016 in Anhui province, China, to investigate the effect of N rate and application method on grain yield, nutrient uptake, and NUE of summer maize. The method chosen is not only important to increase grain yield but also critical for reducing N rate and potential loss in the maize cropping system. The experiment comprised six N rates (90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 360 kg N hm−2) and two N application methods in both 2015 and 2016. The two N application methods included SSB and one-time RZF. Results showed that grain yield of summer maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of N rate; however, when the N rate increased to 270 kg hm−2, the grain yield increased slowly or even decreased. Compared with SSB, RZF increased grain yield by 4%, and the effect of N on grain yield was mainly related to the number of kernels per ear and 1000-seed weight. One-time RZF increased N apparent recovery efficiency by 18% (7.2 percentage points) compared with SSB and also improved the N agronomic efficiency, N physiological efficiency, and N partial factor productivity. In the comprehensive consideration of yield target, NUE, and soil N balance, the optimal N rate for summer maize in the vertisol soil of Anhui province was 180–225 kg hm−2 for one-time RZF, which reduced N fertilizer by 14% compared with the SSB. Overall, one-time RZF has great potential for green and sustainable agriculture, and thus fertilization machines are worthy of development and application in maize cropping systems.
Credit Line Models for Supply Chain Enterprises with Channel Background and Soft Information
Authors: Gu Jing , Wang Junyao , Yang Yang , Xu Zeshui
Published: May 2019

Credit lines have been widely adopted by banks to grant credit to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, there often exists a gap between the credit lines granted by banks and the actual funding needs of SMEs. In addition, existing credit line models treat each SME as a stand-alone entity instead of considering it within its supply chain system. But an SME’s supply chain relations have a significant impact on its credit-worthiness. To offer banks a holistic assessment, this paper first constructs a base credit line model for SMEs by considering their supply chain background. Next, by accounting for the unique advantage of soft information processing in a supply chain context, we put forward an extended credit line model for supply chain enterprises with soft information. The base and extended credit line models proposed in this paper aim to reduce information asymmetry between banks and SMEs via the core enterprise in the supply chain, thereby helping banks to secure a sustainable source of profit at a lower risk level and SMEs to obtain more credit to support their sustainable growth. A case study is furnished to illustrate how the proposed models can be applied in practice and an empirical analysis further verifies their validity.
How Does Financial Literacy Promote Sustainability in SMEs? A Developing Country Perspective
Authors: Ye Jianmu , Kulathunga KMMCB
Published: May 2019

Role of the knowledge-based resources in promoting sustainability in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is currently a topic of debate. Financial literacy has been identified as a vital knowledge resource for financial decision making, but insufficient attention has been given to how SMEs’ financial literacy affects their sustainability. Drawing upon a knowledge-based perspective, peaking order theory and dual process theory, we constructed an integrated model to examine the impact of financial literacy, access to finance and financial risk attitude on SMEs’ sustainability. The sample included 291 chief financial officers (CFOs) of SMEs in Sri Lanka. The output of structural equation modelling revealed direct positive effects of financial literacy, access to finance and financial risk attitude on sustainability. Financial literacy also emerged as a predictor of access to finance and financial risk attitude. Moreover, access to finance and financial risk attitude were found to be partial mediators of the relationship between financial literacy and SMEs’ sustainability. Theoretical implications and practical implications for policymakers, industry practitioners and academics interested in promoting sustainability amongst SMEs are discussed.
Infrared Dim Target Detection Using Shearlet’s Kurtosis Maximization under Non-Uniform Background
Authors: Peng Lingbing , Zhang Tianfang , Liu Yuhan , Li Meihui , Peng Zhenming
Published: May 2019

A novel method based on multiscale and multidirectional feature fusion in the shearlet transform domain and kurtosis maximization for detecting the dim target in infrared images with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and serious interference caused by a cluttered and non-uniform background is presented in this paper. First, an original image is decomposed using the shearlet transform with translation invariance. Second, various directions of high-frequency subbands are fused and the corresponding kurtosis of fused image is computed. The targets can be enhanced by strengthening the column with maximum kurtosis. Then, processed high-frequency subbands on different scales of images are merged. Finally, the dim targets are detected by an adaptive threshold with a maximum contrast criterion (MCC). The experimental results show that the proposed method has good performance for infrared target detection in comparison with the nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) method.
Massive Occurrence of the Harmful Benthic Dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the Eastern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Ninčević Gladan Živana , Arapov Jasna , Casabianca Silvia , Penna Antonella , Honsell Giorgio , Brovedani Valentina , Pelin Marco , Tartaglione Luciana , Sosa Silvio , Dell’Aversano Carmela , Tubaro Aurelia , Žuljević Ante , Grbec Branka , Čavar Matea , Bužančić Mia , Bakrač Ana , Skejić Sanda
Published: May 2019

In September 2015, a massive occurrence of the Ostreopsis species was recorded in central Adriatic Kaštela Bay. In order to taxonomically identify the Ostreopsis species responsible for this event and determine their toxin profile, cells collected in seawater and from benthic macroalgae were analyzed. Conservative taxonomic methods (light microscopy and SEM) and molecular methods (PCR-based assay) allowed the identification of the species Ostreopsis cf. ovata associated with Coolia monotis. The abundance of O. cf. ovata reached 2.9 × 104 cells L−1 in seawater, while on macroalgae, it was estimated to be up to 2.67 × 106 cells g−1 of macroalgae fresh weight and 14.4 × 106 cells g−1 of macroalgae dry weight. An indirect sandwich immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) were used to determine the toxin profile. The ELISA assay revealed the presence of 5.6 pg palytoxin (PLTX) equivalents per O. cf. ovata cell. LC-HRMS was used for further characterization of the toxin profile, which showed that there were 6.3 pg of the sum of ovatoxins (OVTXs) and isobaric PLTX per O. cf. ovata cell, with a prevalence of OVTXs (6.2 pg cell−1), while the isobaric PLTX concentration was very low (0.1 pg cell−1). Among OVTXs, the highest concentration was recorded for OVTX-a (3.6 pg cell−1), followed by OVTX-b (1.3 pg cell−1), OVTX-d (1.1 pg cell−1), and OVTX-c (0.2 pg cell−1).
Degrading Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone Mycotoxins Using a Multifunctional Recombinant Enzyme
Authors: Azam Md Shofiul , Yu Dianzhen , Liu Na , Wu Aibo
Published: May 2019

Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic and ochratoxin A (OTA) is a hepatotoxic Fusarium mycotoxin commonly seen in cereals and fruits products. No previous investigation has studied on a single platform for the multi degradation mycotoxin. The current study aimed to investigate the bifunctional activity of a novel fusion recombinant. We have generated a recombinant fusion enzyme (ZHDCP) by combining two single genes named zearalenone hydrolase (ZHD) and carboxypeptidase (CP) in frame deletion by crossover polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We identified enzymatic properties and cell cytotoxicity assay of ZHDCP enzyme. Our findings have demonstrated that ZEA was completely degraded to the non-toxic product in 2 h by ZHDCP enzyme at an optimum pH of 7 and a temperature of 35 °C. For the first time, it was found out that ZEA 60% was degraded by CP degrades in 48 h. Fusion ZHDCP and CP enzyme were able to degrade 100% OTA in 30 min at pH 7 and temperature 30 °C. ZEA- and OTA-induced cell death and increased cell apoptosis rate and regulated mRNA expression of Sirt1, Bax, Bcl2, Caspase3, TNFα, and IL6 genes. Our novel findings demonstrated that the fusion enzyme ZHDCP possess bifunctional activity (degrade OTA and ZEA), and it could be used to degrade more mycotoxins.
Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and C Co-Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in Singapore, 2006–2017
Authors: Choy Chiaw Yee , Ang Li Wei , Ng Oon Tek , Leo Yee Sin , Wong Chen Seong
Published: May 2019

Co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with increased risk of hepatic complications and mortality. A retrospective study to estimate the proportion of HBV and HCV co-infections in Singapore was conducted using a clinical database. We included 3065 patients who were seen under the Clinical HIV Programme at the largest referral centre for HIV care between 2006 and 2017 and were tested for both HBV and HCV. Factors associated with HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV co-infections were determined using logistic regressions. The majority (86.3%) of HIV-infected patients were mono-infected, while 7.2% were co-infected with HBV, 6.0% with HCV, and 0.5% were co-infected with both HBV and HCV. The most common HCV genotype was GT1 (63%). Factors significantly associated with HBV co-infection in the multivariable model were: Aged 30–49 years and 50–69 years at HIV diagnosis, male gender, and HIV transmission through intravenous drug use (IDU). Independent factors associated with HCV co-infection were: Malay ethnicity, HIV transmission through IDU, and HIV diagnosis between 2006 and 2008. Behavioural risk factors such as IDU, as well as epidemiologic differences associated with co-infection, should inform further studies and interventions aimed at reducing viral hepatitis infection among HIV-infected individuals.
Electron Microscopy in Discovery of Novel and Emerging Viruses from the Collection of the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA)
Authors: Popov Vsevolod L. , Tesh Robert B. , Weaver Scott C. , Vasilakis Nikos
Published: May 2019

Since the beginning of modern virology in the 1950s, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been an important and widely used technique for discovery, identification and characterization of new viruses. Using TEM, viruses can be differentiated by their ultrastructure: shape, size, intracellular location and for some viruses, by the ultrastructural cytopathic effects and/or specific structures forming in the host cell during their replication. Ultrastructural characteristics are usually sufficient for the identification of a virus to the family level. In this review, we summarize 25 years of experience in identification of novel viruses from the collection of the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA).
Seasonal Drought Pattern Changes Due to Climate Variability: Case Study in Afghanistan
Authors: Qutbudin Ishanch , Shiru Mohammed Sanusi , Sharafati Ahmad , Ahmed Kamal , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Yaseen Zaher Mundher , Shahid Shamsuddin , Wang Xiaojun
Published: May 2019

We assessed the changes in meteorological drought severity and drought return periods during cropping seasons in Afghanistan for the period of 1901 to 2010. The droughts in the country were analyzed using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Global Precipitation Climatology Center rainfall and Climate Research Unit temperature data both at 0.5° resolutions were used for this purpose. Seasonal drought return periods were estimated using the values of the SPEI fitted with the best distribution function. Trends in climatic variables and SPEI were assessed using modified Mann–Kendal trend test, which has the ability to remove the influence of long-term persistence on trend significance. The study revealed increases in drought severity and frequency in Afghanistan over the study period. Temperature, which increased up to 0.14 °C/decade, was the major factor influencing the decreasing trend in the SPEI values in the northwest and southwest of the country during rice- and corn-growing seasons, whereas increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall were the cause of a decrease in SPEI during wheat-growing season. We concluded that temperature plays a more significant role in decreasing the SPEI values and, therefore, more severe droughts in the future are expected due to global warming.
Forecasting Groundwater Table in a Flood Prone Coastal City with Long Short-term Memory and Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Bowes Benjamin D. , Sadler Jeffrey M. , Morsy Mohamed M. , Behl Madhur , Goodall Jonathan L.
Published: May 2019

Many coastal cities are facing frequent flooding from storm events that are made worse by sea level rise and climate change. The groundwater table level in these low relief coastal cities is an important, but often overlooked, factor in the recurrent flooding these locations face. Infiltration of stormwater and water intrusion due to tidal forcing can cause already shallow groundwater tables to quickly rise toward the land surface. This decreases available storage which increases runoff, stormwater system loads, and flooding. Groundwater table forecasts, which could help inform the modeling and management of coastal flooding, are generally unavailable. This study explores two machine learning models, Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) networks and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), to model and forecast groundwater table response to storm events in the flood prone coastal city of Norfolk, Virginia. To determine the effect of training data type on model accuracy, two types of datasets (i) the continuous time series and (ii) a dataset of only storm events, created from observed groundwater table, rainfall, and sea level data from 2010–2018 are used to train and test the models. Additionally, a real-time groundwater table forecasting scenario was carried out to compare the models’ abilities to predict groundwater table levels given forecast rainfall and sea level as input data. When modeling the groundwater table with observed data, LSTM networks were found to have more predictive skill than RNNs (root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.09 m versus 0.14 m, respectively). The real-time forecast scenario showed that models trained only on storm event data outperformed models trained on the continuous time series data (RMSE of 0.07 m versus 0.66 m, respectively) and that LSTM outperformed RNN models. Because models trained with the continuous time series data had much higher RMSE values, they were not suitable for predicting the groundwater table in the real-time scenario when using forecast input data. These results demonstrate the first use of LSTM networks to create hourly forecasts of groundwater table in a coastal city and show they are well suited for creating operational forecasts in real-time. As groundwater table levels increase due to sea level rise, forecasts of groundwater table will become an increasingly valuable part of coastal flood modeling and management.
Necessity of Acknowledging Background Pollutants in Management and Assessment of Unique Basins
Authors: Duan Maoqing , Du Xia , Peng Wenqi , Zhang Shijie , Yan Liuqing
Published: May 2019

The limitations of water quality management and assessment methods in China can be ascertained by comparison with other countries. However, it is unreasonable to use a uniform standard to evaluate water quality throughout China because one standard cannot fully account for the regional differences in background water quality. This study aimed to provide a basis for environmental water management decision-making. Areas seriously affected by background pollutants were identified by comparing several factors across 31 provinces in China. By coupling an improved export coefficient model (ECM) with a mechanistic model, a suitable pollutant yield coefficient was determined and its rationality was analysed. The export coefficient model was applied to estimate the pollutant (chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen) output of the basin in 2015. The spatial distribution characteristics of the pollutants were determined by simulating the pollutant outputs of 22 sub-basins and nine water function zones. For the year 2020, the simulation results of pollutant outputs far exceed the sewage discharge limit in water function zones and the pollutant concentration was much higher than the standard. Considering background pollutant outputs, more reasonable sewage discharge limit and water quality evaluation method are proposed.
Assessment of Agricultural Drought Considering the Hydrological Cycle and Crop Phenology in the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Lim Chul-Hee , Kim Seung Hee , Chun Jong Ahn , Kafatos Menas C. , Lee Woo-Kyun
Published: May 2019

Hydrological changes attributable to global warming increase the severity and frequency of droughts, which in turn affect agriculture. Hence, we proposed the Standardized Agricultural Drought Index (SADI), which is a new drought index specialized for agriculture and crops, and evaluated current and expected droughts in the Korean Peninsula. The SADI applies crop phenology to the hydrological cycle, which is a basic element that assesses drought. The SADI of rice and maize was calculated using representative hydrological variables (precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff) of the crop growing season. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of SADI, the three-month Standardized Precipitation Index, which is a representative drought index, and rainfed crop yield were estimated together. The performance evaluation of SADI showed that the correlation between rainfed crop yield and SADI was very high compared with that of existing drought index. The results of the assessment of drought over the past three decades provided a good indication of a major drought period and differentiated the results for crops and regions. The results of two future scenarios showed common drought risks in the western plains of North Korea. Successfully validated SADIs could be effectively applied to agricultural drought assessments in light of future climate change, and would be a good example of the water-food nexus approach.
La Comisión Internacional contra la Impunidad en Guatemala (CICIG): dilemas tras 12 años de actuación
Authors: Calvet Martínez Elisenda
Published: May 2019

La CICIG es un modelo único de cooperación para el fortalecimiento del Estado de Derecho que se caracteriza por ser una institución independiente de investigación, que trabaja conforme al ordenamiento jurídico guatemalteco y que depende del sistema judicial del país, promoviendo así el empoderamiento de las instituciones del Estado al trabajar a su lado, demostrando que es posible alcanzar justicia aplicando la legislación interna a través de los tribunales internos. Con ello, la CICIG ha contribuido a empoderar a la ciudadanía y a las instituciones del Estado, generando un clima de confianza. Sin embargo, la CICIG es una institución incómoda para las élites de poder que la perciben como una injerencia en los asuntos internos y que ha destapado la cooptación de las instituciones del Estado. En agosto de 2018, la decisión del presidente Jimmy Morales de no renovar el mandato de la CICIG, que finaliza en septiembre de 2019, y de no permitir la entrada al país al comisionado Iván Velásquez para que pueda desarrollar su cargo con normalidad, ha puesto en jaque a la institución y, a su vez, a la estabilidad del país. Es en este punto, que el apoyo de la comunidad internacional deviene indispensable para la lucha contra laimpunidad de Guatemala.En este sentido, las elecciones presidenciales en junio de 2019 serán decisivas para el mantenimiento de la lucha contra la impunidad, la corrupción y la desigualdad del país.
ARQUITECTURAS DE SOFTWARE PARA ENTORNOS MÓVILES
Authors: Zapata Granada Einer , Sepúlveda Rodríguez Luis Eduardo , Gómez Montoya Carlos Eduardo , Candela Uribe Christian Andrés
Published: May 2019

El gran impacto que están causando los smartphones en la actualidad se debe en gran medida a la evolución de sus sistemas operativos, los cuales cada vez son más estables y robustos, lo que permite a los desarrolladores de software crear aplicaciones móviles de mayor tamaño y complejidad. Las aplicaciones móviles han ido más allá de los algoritmos y estructuras de datos, la especificación y diseño de la estructura general de un sistema de software móvil surge como un nuevo tipo de problema, y la arquitectura de software móvil como la solución a este. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo definir una solución arquitectónica móvil que compartiera algunos de los principios más reconocidos de la arquitectura de software en general, y de esta forma ayudar a estandarizar y adaptar metodologías, procesos, enfoques y demás aportes significativos de la arquitectura de software moderna a entornos de desarrollo de software pequeños. La metodología de investigación adoptada para este proyecto es una adaptación del método científico de Francis Bacon, el cual consta de seis etapas: observación, inducción, hipótesis, prueba de hipótesis, demostración de hipótesis y teoría científica. El artículo se compone de 6 secciones: Introducción, Marco de referencia, Metodología, Proceso para la construcción de una arquitectura de software móvil, Resultados y Conclusiones.
OPEN CORES FOR DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Authors: Valderrama-Cuervo Juan Camilo , López-Parrado Alexander
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the design and implementation of three System-on-Chip (SoC) cores, which implement the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) functions: Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter, Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The FIR-filter core is based on the symmetrical realization form, the IIRfilter core is based on the Second Order Sections (SOS) architecture and the FFT core is based on the Radix 22 Single Delay Feedback (R22SDF) architecture. The three cores are compatible with the Wishbone SoC bus, and they were described using generic and structural VHDL. In-system hardware verification was performed by using an OpenRisc-based SoC synthesized on an Altera FPGA. Tests showed that the designed DSP cores are suitable for building SoC based on the OpenRisc processor and the Wishbone bus.
RED DE SENSORES DE LARGA DISTANCIA USANDO ZIGBEE PARA EL MONITOREO Y LA GESTIÓN DEL RIESGO EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL QUINDÍO-COLOMBIA
Authors: Ramírez Julián Adolfo , Alberto Buitrago Jaime , Marín Jorge Iván
Published: May 2019

Por su posición geográfica y alta densidad demográfica, el departamento del Quindío es muy sensible a riesgos de amenaza por terremotos y deslizamientos, estos últimos generados por la acumulación de agua debida a las fuertes lluvias y desencadenados por efectos sismológicos. Existen estudios que muestran la alta vulnerabilidad por riesgos de deslizamiento en el departamento, y a pesar de la existencia de políticas gubernamentales para la gestión del riesgo, no existen en el departamento redes de monitoreo confiables y en tiempo real para estos sitios. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de una red de sensores de bajo costo para el monitoreo de variables hidroclimatológicas basado en tecnología ZigBee, haciendo énfasis en las consideraciones de diseño de los nodos, las políticas de comunicación, y estrategias adoptadas para permitir la comunicación a distancias de hasta 8 km. El diseño ha sido validado con medidas de campo, mostrando la factibilidad de comunicación por medio de  ZigBee a largas distancias.
APPLICATIONS OF THE LIGHT LASER WITH SPATIAL INCOHERENCE AND BIONIC OPTIMIZATION TO THE OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: Jaramillo Flórez Samuel Ángel , Achipiz Yuli Fernanda
Published: May 2019

The bioelectronics takes of the biology the optimized elements for to do a copy and to build technological mechanisms with functions based in that of body lives components. Telecommunications and biology present an analogy between the optical receivers and insects eyes, which forms are adequate to receipt signal since a transmitter, and these are been leaded to perfection by the nature during millions of years in the environment adaptation. The sizes and the forms depend of the direction of the waves and of the radiation pattern of these biotransmitters and bioreceivers (omatidies of insects eyes), which is similar as the optical communications emitters and photodetectors. The growth of the telecommunication services makes necessary the optimization of the bandwidth of the transmission channels. Although the optic transmission is considered like the ideal as for the attenuation and distortion characteristics that make that it possesses the better relation bandwidth - longitude, the demand of more transmission capacity forces to take advantage of them efficiently. High costs generated when deploying Optic Fiber Networks at the transport level, together with other factors that avoid PONs arriving to the home and/or office, have impulsed the design and implementation of partially optical networks (FITL), including an alternative that uses infrared light. This work explores the basis of these news access networks, and it is presented an optical communication transmission/reception system with optic channel of free space where has been modulated the transmitter laser through a set of spherical lens and optical fibers that expand the beam of light to different points of an indoor enclosure producing multiple punctual images located in positions that permit to determine and to optimize the bandwidth of the system. The computational simulation results are showed and are compared with those experimentally measured, indicating that this is an original method for to design emitters and receivers of high performance for optical communications.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS CROMOSOMAS POLITÉNICOS DE Simulium sp. QUEBRADA LA ALDANA RESERVA CEDRO ROSADO-QUINDIO
Authors: Vargas Montes Mónica , Murillo Mateo , Chacon Katherine , Arias Luisa Fernanda , Rodríguez Castillo Nohra
Published: May 2019

Considerando la importancia de Simulium sp. como posible vector de Onchocerca volvulus, parásito causante de la oncocercosis, y teniendo en cuenta que el análisis de los cromosomas politénicos se ha convertido en un herramienta poderosa para la identificación y clasificación de la poblaciones vectoras o no vectoras; se realizó un estudio preliminar basado en la estandarización de la técnica de extracción de los cromosomas politénicos y la caracterización de estos para individuos del género Simulium sp. encontrados en la quebrada la Aldana de la Reserva Natural de Cedro Rosado, Quindío. Los resultados del estudio indicaron que la especie tiene una dotación n=3. La longitud relativa es 125 micras, de las cuales el 46% corresponde al cromosoma I, el 33% al cromosoma II y el 21% al cromosoma III del complemento total. Los cromosomas I y II son submetacéntricos y el III metacéntrico. Se identifican los marcadores cromosómicos en la especie estudiada y un índice asimétrico=0,51.
EL ÁLGEBRA GEOMÉTRICA COMO MEDIADORA EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA FACTORIZACIÓN Y LOS PRODUCTOS NOTABLES
Authors: Wagner O Graciela , Giraldo V Alba Marina , Hoyos Efraín Alberto , Gutiérrez Z Heiller
Published: May 2019

Uno de los retos en la educación matemática es buscar nuevas estrategias que faciliten la comprensión de conceptos matemáticos que se han enseñado de forma mecánica. En esta investigación se orientan los temas de productos notables y la factorización utilizando la estrategia ya conocida como es la geometrización del álgebra, a través de ayudas didácticas de fácil acceso, como son las figuras geométricas. Además, dado que la tecnología está presente en cada momento de nuestra vida, surge la necesidad de incorporar estrategias que permitan al estudiante tener un trabajo dinámico e interactivo; para tal fin se ha implementado el software “geometría de polinomios” como estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los productos notables y de la factorización de polinomios de segundo grado. Esta estrategia brinda una alternativa didáctica diferente e innovadora que propicia en los estudiantes la consecución de un aprendizaje significativo de estos temas, dejando a un lado la enseñanza tradicional e incorporando dos elementos facilitadores como son la manipulación de material concreto y la utilización de un software, diseñado para el desarrollo de este proyecto. Por otro lado, se cuenta con una cartilla que presenta diferentes actividades para la utilización del material concreto y un manual para el manejo del software.
Pengetahuan Peternak tentang Good Farming Practices (GFP) Sapi Potong di Kecamatan Kasreman Kabupaten Ngawi Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Saputro Endri Cahyo , Kristanti Novita Dewi , Hendrawati Luki Amar
Published: May 2019

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan karakteristik peternak dengan penerapan GFP Sapi Potong di Kecamatan Kasreman. Jumlah sampel 32 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel berupa area probability sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Pearson Product Moment dengan tingkat kepercayaan (α) 5% untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik peternak dengan pengetahuan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik peternak berupa umur, pendidikan, jumlah kepemilikan ternak, intensitas penyuluhan dan kekosmopolitan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan penerapan GFP (Sig. < 0,05), dengan hubungan terkuat pada karakteristik intensitas penyuluhan (r=0,786). Sedangkan karakteristik peternak berupa lama beternak tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan penerapan GFP (Sig. > 0,05).

 Kata kunci     :   penerapan, Good Farming Practice (GFP), kajian, hubungan

 

 This study aims to describe the characteristic relationship of farmers to the implementation of cattle GFP in Kasreman District. The number of samples are 32 people with sampling technique is area probability sampling. The data analysis using Pearson Product Moment with confidence level (α) 5%. Characteristics of farmers in the form of age, education, number of livestock ownership, intensity of extension and cosmopolite have a significant relationship with the implementation of GFP, with the strongest relationship on the characteristics of intensity of extension (Sig. < 0,05). While the characteristics of farmers in the form of farming experience has no significant relationship with the implementation of GFP (Sig. > 0,05).

 Keywords  :   implementation, Good Farming Practice (GFP), study, relationship
Perilaku Peternak Terhadap Penyuluhan Pembuatan Biogas Di Kelompok Tani Karya Makmur II Di Desa Wonorejo Kecamatan Lawang Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Adoe Alfred , Prasetyo Hananik , Daning Dewi R Ayu
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat biogas dari kotoran ternak sapi potong, menyusun rancangan penyuluhan tentang pembuatan biogas dari kotoran ternak sapi potong lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui perilaku peternak terhadap penyuluhan pembuatan biogas dari kotoran ternak sapi potong, yang dilaksanakan di Kelompok Tani Karya Makmur II Desa Wonorejo Kecamatan Lawang Kabupaten Malang, pada tanggal 05 Maret sampai dengan 01 Juni 2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dimana data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan penyebaran kuesioner. Populasi yang diambil adalah 63 orang dengan penentuan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dan ditetapkan 30 responden. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) Pembuatan digester biogas skala rumah tangga menggunakan drum besi yang menghasilkan gas selama  2,45 jam/hari sebagai kebutuhan energi bahan bakar rumah tangga. (2) Rancangan penyuluhan meliputi penyusunan sasaran, tujuan, materi, metode, media dan evaluasi yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik responden. (3) Sebagian besar sasaran penyuluhan memiliki perilaku yang positif dimana pengetahuan sasaran terbanyak berada pada dimensi “tahu” dengan kategori tinggi 28 orang dan kategori sedang 2 orang. Sikap sasaran menerima penyuluhan pembuatan biogas dan keterampilan sasaran berada pada dimensi “menirukan” dengan kategori tinggi 13 orang dan kategori sedang 17 orang.
Influência da bipartição escrotal sobre a capacidade de termorregulação e hemodinâmica testicular em caprinos
Authors: Gil Braz Karoline Maria , De Oliveira Ghirelli Carolina , Maciel Crespilho André , Ávila Bosco Karine , Ramires Neto Carlos , Flavio Nicole , Campos do Nascimento Daniele , Silva Ferreira Cristiano , Peixoto Jr, Kleber da Cunha
Published: May 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência da bipartição escrotal sobre a capacidade de termorregulação do testículo caprino, testando-se a hipótese de que animais com bipartição possuem menor temperatura testicular, maior capacidade hemodinâmica local, maior número de células germinativas e maior produção espermática. Foram selecionados 8 bodes, divididos de acordo com a conformação escrotal: G1 (n=4) animais com até 50% de bipartição; GC (n=4) grupo controle, sem bipartição. Todos foram submetidos à mensuração da temperatura retal, termografia corporal e escrotal. Exames ultrassonográficos Doppler foram conduzidos no plexo pampiniforme. Adicionalmente os animais foram submetidos à punção biópsia aspirativa testicular (PBA) e 2 ejaculados de cada reprodutor foram colhidos para avaliação espermática. Não foram observadas diferenças para os resultados da PBA, da termografia escrotal e do espermograma comparando-se os dois grupos. Na avaliação hemodinâmica apenas o IR (0,53a±0,11 e 0,46b± 0,06; p=0,0108) foi superior para os animais bipartidos. Conclui-se que caprinos que possuem até 50% de bipartição escrotal possuem qualidade espermática semelhante a animais não bipartidos, não possuem menor temperatura testicular e maior número de células germinativas primordiais como se supunha na hipótese inicial da pesquisa.
Caracterización estructural y funcional de una fosfolipasas A2 homóloga K49 del veneno de Bothrops barnetti, por aproximación proteómica.
Authors: Arenas-Menéndez Luis Angel , Campos-Gonzales Juan Carlos , Barreda Salas Sheyla Fernanda , Barreda Del Carpio Jaime , Paz Aliaga Ivan
Published: May 2019

Las Fosfolipasas A2 (PLA2) son enzimas que intervienen en señales de transducción, activando distintos procesos como la contracción de músculo liso, activación de la cascada de inflamación e intervención en procesos digestivos del intestino; procesando lípidos para su posterior absorción. Dentro del grupo de fosfolipasas existe un subgrupo conocido como “PLA2 homólogas”, las cuales no ejercen actividad catalítica debido a la mutación de un aminoácido en el sitio activo; pero aunque estas toxinas carecen de acción lipolitica, producen efectos biológicos similares a sus homólogas catalíticamente activas, entre los cuales se destacan la miotoxicidad e inflamación.En la presente investigación se buscó encontrar una PLA2 homóloga K49 en el veneno de Bothrops barnetti peruana; mediante una columna de interacción hidrofóbica  se obtuvieron diversas enzimas, las cuales por análisis de actividad pro-inflamatoria y  electroforesis SDS-PAGE fue posible aislar una muestra de aproximadamente 14 kDa con actividad fosfolipásica en relación al resto, la cual se denominó BbTX-II. Mediante espectrometría de masas se determinó la masa molecular promedio de 14242 Da. y se realizó una caracterización de la estructura primaria, obteniendo la secuencia de 3 péptidos; finalmente se realizó un estudio de homología secuencial determinando que la muestra es una PLA2 homóloga K49. Paralelamente se realizó una caracterización biológica de la muestra para determinar el efecto miotóxico; evaluando los mediadores envueltos en la migración leucocitaria y en el efecto inflamatorio (IL-1, IL-6 y TNFα), observando un aumento de los mediadores dentro de las primeras 3 horas; determinando así un efecto local de la muestra
PERHITUNGAN TINGKAT KESIAPAN IMPLEMENTASI SMART CITY DALAM PERSPEKTIF SMART GOVERNANCE DENGAN METODE FIS MAMDANI
Authors: Eniyati Sri , Santi Rina Candra Noor , Retnowati Retnowati , Mulyani Sri , Martha Khristma
Published: May 2019

Smart City adalah skonsep tata kota yang mengoptimalkan teknologi informasi dan digital untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan masyarakat, serta meningkatkan layanan Pemerintah. Kota Pekalongan sedang berupaya untuk mempersiapkan diri dalam proses implementasi Smart City. Dalam referensi diketahui bahwa salah satu indikator kesiapan implementasi Smart City adalah Smart Governance, yang terdiri atasi empat indikator utama yaitu Participation in decision-making, public and social services, Transparent Governance, political strategies and perspectives. Dari keempat indikator tersebut diperjelas ke dalam indikator operasional yang lebih mudah diukur secara kuantitatif. Oleh sebab itu metode penelitian dipilih mix research methods karena data yang diperoleh dilakukan melalui cara kualitatif dengan wawancara kepada narasumber. Hasil data dikelola dan diolah menggunakan cara kuantitatif. Cara kuantitatif tersebut adalah metode Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) Mamdani. Dari keempat indikator utama diturunkan menjadi 21 variabel input Hasil yang diperoleh adalah tingkat kesiapan Kota Pekalongan dalam mengimplementasikan Smart City dari Perspektif Smart Governance adalah 1,5 (Sedang).
Análisis del Sistema de Estadística de la Balanza Comercial de México
Authors: Martínez Prats Germán
Published: May 2019

Recibido: 12 de noviembre del 2018Aprobado: 05 de diciembre del 2018La información del intercambio comercial de mercancías que se realiza en México se compila a través del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) el cual registra la Estadística de Comercio Exterior de México (ECEM), cuya información permite la toma de decisiones en materia comercial y financiera. Sin embargo, no se ha desarrollado un método que permita validar los datos de volumen importado y exportado de las operaciones comerciales mediante un agente aduanal, por lo que existe un sobre registro de los datos. El objetivo de la presente investigación es establecer un método de validación de las importaciones y exportaciones considerando los volúmenes por fracción arancelaria y unidad de medida, así como los Incoterms, para generar un registro específico que permita obtener información más confiable y sirva para la toma decisiones de los actores involucrados en el comercio exterior. Dicho análisis se desarrolló con un enfoque cuantitativo con información de pedimentos del 2012 al 2015 obtenida por agencias aduanales en México.
о. Микола Конрад: формування української національної ідентичності у контексті проблеми «націоналізм та католицизм
Authors: Sheremetа Oksana
Published: May 2019

У статті висвітлюються погляди о. М. Конрада на націоналізм та пов’язані з ним поняття: національна ідентичність, нація, національна держава у контексті проблеми «націоналізм та католицизм», які він висловив у доповіді під назвою «Націоналізм та католицизм», написаній для виступу на Академічних вечорах Богословського Наукового Товариства.

Проведене дослідження дало можливість, на основі аналізу основоположних понять націоналізму, з’ясувати бачення М. Конрадом альтернативного вчення до інтегрального націоналізму Д. Донцова – націоналізму католицького. Також ствердити, що мислителю вдалося розвинути власне ґрунтовне і виважене бачення проблеми, яке можна окреслити як католицький націоналізм. У результаті вивчення його ідей було з’ясовано, що вони містяться на межі двох філософських напрямів – неотомізму та політичної філософії. Однією з причин ідеї розвитку націоналізму на християнських засадах була потреба протиставити її інтегральному націоналізму Д. Донцова, який перебував під впливом філософії Ф. Ніцше. Спільність розуміння поняття національної ідентичності, сутності націоналізму та його видів Конрадом і сучасними мислителями (В. Лісовий, О. Проценко, Е. Сміт) свідчить про далекоглядність та актуальність ідей отця у царині політичної філософії.

Порівняння доповіді М. Конрада з працями польських мислителів Я. Воронецького та Ю. Бохенського дало можливість ствердити, що його ідея католицького націоналізму розвивалася у межах політико-філософського дискурсу з розвитку, поширення та впровадження націоналістичних ідей як у польському, так і в українському середовищі. М. Конрад, Я. Воронецький та Ю. Бохенський намагалися розглядати проблему націоналізму на засадах раннього неотомізму, зокрема вчення про природній закон, загальне добро, вчення про державу, застосовуючи його до проблем тогочасного суспільства.
Вчення Калачакри тибето-буддійської традиції (історіографічний нарис)
Authors: Kalantarova Olena
Published: May 2019

Калачакра-тантра в тибето-буддійській традиції – це доктрина часу, яка є основою не лише для певних релігійних практик, а й для буддійських природничих наук (астрономо-астрології та алхіміо-медецини). Стаття присвячена послідовному огляду основних досліджень вчення Калачакри як в межах самої традиції (починаючи з Х ст., коли Калачакра з’явилась в буддійському просторі Індії в якості тантричного вчення), так і на заході (починаючи з XVII ст., коли інформація про культову сторону Калачакри та про пов’язані з нею буддійські науки фрагментарно почала просочуватися в інтелектуальний простір Європи), що умовно можна розподілити на дві гілки студій: апологетичних та критичних, відповідно. В апологетичних студіях було зафіксовано відображення певних періодів еволюції практики Калачакра-тантри та визначено її приналежність до групи вищих тантр ваджраяни. У критичних студіях, з метою з’ясувати культурний та філософський масштаб вчення, було виокремлено декілька головних напрямів дослідження вчення Калачакри: космологічний, астрономо-астрологічний, алхімічно-медичний, есхатологічний, релігійно-ритуальний та тибетологічний. У результаті такого підходу до історіографії Калачакра-тантри було виявлено, що наразі ці дві гілки студій, наближаючись одна до одної, досягли певної межі, за якою може відкритися новий рівень дослідження вчення, що, своєю чергою, підживить діалог буддизму з наукою, де Калачакра-тантрі, яка балансує між фізикою та метафізикою, може бути відведена ключова роль
Актуалізація ідей Торонтської школи у дослідженні релігійної комунікації
Authors: Petrushkevych Mariya
Published: May 2019

У статті аналізується потенціал наукових ідей представників Торонтської школи комунікації для дослідження сучасного релігійного дискурсу, особливістю якого є масовий характер та використання технічних засобів. Розглянуто діяльність школи у другій половині ХХ століття, ідеї її представників Гарольда Інніса, Еріка Хевлока, Дороті Лі, Едмунда Карпентера, які досліджували різні аспекти засобів комунікації. Особлива увага приділена творчості філософа та літературного критика Маршала Маклюена. Виокремлені головні блоки у доробку вченого, які можна ефективно застосовувати для дослідження масової релігійної комунікації: зміна форм комунікації визначає основні характеристики суспільної взаємодії; мас-медіа активно впливають на творення сучасної культури; розвиток електронних засобів масової комунікації призводять до зміни суспільства і сучасної людини. Нову площину для аналізу релігійних мас-медіа становить думка про домінування засобу комунікації над її змістом. Радіо та телебачення створюють і формують актуальну релігійну комунікацію, яка є кардинально відмінною від класичних форм релігійного спілкування. Робиться висновок про вплив електронних мас-медіа на конструювання соціальної реальності, зміну способів передавання інформації у релігії, модифікацію самої релігії.