bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendidikan kesehatan untuk Keluarga : Stimulasi Auditory Dan Tactil Dapat Meningkatkan Kesadaran Pasien Intensif
Authors: Maya sari Gita , Sutrisna Marlin , Hanifah  , Gito Ariyus Pupsi
Published: October 2023

Penurunan tingkat kesadaran merupakan salah satu tanda bahwa status neurologis seseorang mengalami gangguan. Penurunan kesadaran pada seseorang dapat diakibatkan oleh kelainan pada ARAS dan kedua korteks serebri. Ada beberapa tindakan yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran pasien. Selain tindakan farmakologi tindakan nonfarmakologi dapat digunakan sebagai terapi adjuvant atau terapi suportif salah satunya yaitu stimulasi sensori.stimulasi menggunakan rekaman suara keluarga dan foot massage dapat meningkatkan kesadaran pasien ICU. Sehingga penulis tertarik untuk melakukan Pendidikan kesehatan untuk Keluarga mengenai Stimulasi Auditory Dan Tactil Dapat Meningkatkan Kesadaran Pasien Intensif. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penyuluhan kesehatan kepada keluarga pasien yang dirawat diruang ICU berjumlah 15 orang. Evaluasi hasil penyuluhan dilakukan secara langsung menggunakan lembar pretest dan posttes. Skor maximal pada pretest 60 dan minimal 20 sedangkan skor maximal pada posttes 90 dan minimal 60, artinya terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan kesehatan. Disarankan untuk keterlibatan keluarga dalam ikut serta merawat pasien, walau dengan banyak keterbatasan termasuk waktu kunjungan namun bisa menggunakan rekaman suara keluarga berupa kata semangat dan motivasi.
DEFENDERS OF DIVERSITY?
Authors: Luken-Bull Ronal
Published: October 2023

Banser is the paramilitary wing of Ansor, the young men’s organization for Nahdlatul Ulama (Renaissance of the Scholars; NU).  NU is the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, and because Indonesia is so large, the largest in the world. It has been long committed to Indonesia as a non-shariah state as well as multi-religious and multi-ethnic nation. Nahdlatul Ulama’s young men’s organization Ansor, seeks to train non-radical Muslim leaders with a range of expertise and foci. Ansor has a sub-organization called Banser which regularly guards Christian churches, liberal Muslims, and businesses from being targeted by extremists like the Islamic Defenders Front. If the present, or even recent, history of Banser and Ansor is that of protecting religious minorities and pluralism, this has not always been the case. Ansor/Banser was an important auxiliary force in the Revolution (1945-1949) and in the 1965-1966 national bloodletting that left 500,000 alleged communists dead.  It is even more telling and interesting if we explore the ways in which the newer socially progressive actions are based on conservative, traditional understandings of Islam and not liberal or progressive religious understandings.
Legality of Heir For Non-Muslim Children as a Result of Fornication Under Maqashid Sharia of Jamaludin Athiyya
Authors: Harisudin M. Noor , Hafidzah Arvina , Khoiril Jamil Nury , Fitriani Erni , Najwa Himaya Erisha , Inda Fikriya Khulaila
Published: October 2023

This article discusses a child born due to fornication with a broken lineage of Muslim father whosechild is a non-Muslim. This article uses a normative juridical method and qualitative analysis. Moreover the study was carried out on the legality of the status of heirs for non-Muslim children born by a fornication out of wedlock, which is viewed under in the perspective of the law in force in the Indonesia law prepective compared with the Maqasid Syariah fil-usrah view of Jamaluddin Athiyya. Regarding the legality of the status of heirs, there are several opinions in the Civil Code providing opportunities for heirsWhile it is clear in the Islamic law, especially the Islamic law of inheritance (Fiqh Mawaris), states that the children born as a result of fornication to be eligible as heirs. The contrast between the two legal systems is fused with the Supreme Court Jurisprudence No. 51.K/AG/1999 and the MUI Fatwa No. 11 of 2012 which states that non-Muslim children as a result of a fornication are not entitled as heirs, but they are eligible to obtain the inheritancethrough a mandatory will (Wasiat Wajibah). Thus, there are still pros and cons on the legal impact of Jurisprudence and Fatwa which are not fully binding. Moreover, Jamaluddin Athiyyah's view of the Maqasid Syariah in terms of the family issueagaints the Supreme Court Decision No. 51.K/AG/1999, No. 368 K/AG/1995, the Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 and the MUI Fatwa No. 11 of 2012, concludes although the non-Muslim children born as a result of fornication are not eligible as the heirs. However, the providing a mandatory will has considerably been benefited the child welfare and the family are considered  implementing the Islamic law.
Trends in childhood cancers at Tygerberg Hospital from 1994 to 2014
Authors: Ndlovu S , Esterhuizen TM , Uys R , Van Zyl A , Kruger M
Published: October 2023

Background. There is a paucity of data regarding childhood cancer incidence in low- and middle-income countries owing to a lack ofdisease-specific, hospital- and population-based registries.Objective. To describe the disease profile and outcome of children with cancer, treated at a single institution in South Africa between1994 and 2014.Methods. Data collected included demographic data (age at diagnosis, sex, stage or risk group, race) and 5-year overall survival (OS) of children aged ≤15 years diagnosed with cancer. Time to event and factors associated with 5-year outcomes were analysed, using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis.Results. The most common malignancies were leukaemia (27.7%), brain tumours (18.4%), lymphomas (14.1%), nephroblastoma (8.0%)and soft-tissue sarcomas (7.4%) for 935 patient records. Limited-disease solid tumours and standard-risk haematological malignancieshad good OS rates of 77.7% and 85.9%, respectively, although OS for the whole group was 60.2%. Nephroblastoma (89.3%), retinoblastoma (86.7%), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (89.7%) and Burkitt lymphoma (75.5%) had the best OS. Type of cancer (p<0.01), solid-tumour stage (p<0.001) and risk classification for haematological malignancies (p<0.001) were significantly associated with mortality.Conclusions. Underlying cancer diagnosis, stage and risk group remained significant factors influencing survival with good OS for limited disease in solid tumours and standard-risk haematological malignancies, which was comparable with survival rates in high-income countries.
Adolescent self-consent to medical interventions in South Africa
Authors: Strode A E , Essack Z , Slack C M
Published: October 2023

South African law provides that children under 18 years old can self-consent to medical treatments and terminations of pregnancy.An article published by van Heerden et al. in the South African Journal of Child Health in 2020 found that children 12 years and olderwere able to give informed consent to medical procedures because they were able to make a treatment choice, comprehend information, weigh options and provide reasons for their decision. However, only children older than 14 years possessed actual understanding of more abstract concepts. This paper considers whether the law is consistent with empirical data on child capacity. It does so by examining the evolution of laws regarding child capacity, interrogating current legal standards on capacity and ultimately evaluating whether the law reflects current empirical knowledge. We conclude that the law on medical treatment is not in conflict with the findings of van Heerden et al. However, there is less synergy between law and empirical data regarding terminations of pregnancy for children under 14 years old.Parliament placed an emphasis on access to health services and did not want age or parental consent to act as a barrier to adolescentsgetting medical assistance; however, data show that children younger than 14 years old struggle with more complex and abstract medical choices. We suggest that the recommendations in the Choice Act for counselling in terminations of pregnancy by children under the age of 14 years need to be more fully operationalised through the issuing of regulations or a national policy.Keywords. consent; medical treatment; capacity; law.
Outcomes of burns patients in a developing country: A single centre’s experience
Authors: Mathonsi K , Arko-Cobbah E
Published: October 2023

Background. Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital is the only hospital in the Free State Province with a burns unit. We do not have official data to assess our performance in the management of burns.
Objective. To determine the Lethal Area 50 (LA50) index for the Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital’s burns unit. Furthermore, to determine the morbidity that affects burns patients at the institution, and the factors associated with outcomes.
Methods. We used Redcap to capture demographic and clinical data of burn patients admitted to our institution between January 2014 and December 2018. Logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of the outcomes. The LA50 was calculated by performing a probit regression of survival by total body surface area (TBSA). We used SAS 9.4 statistics software package.Results. Our study had a male preponderance, with 59.7% (601) male, 39.9% (401) female and 0.4% (4) missing sex. We had a mean age of 19.4 years, of which 53.38% (n=537) were paediatric patients and 46.32% (n=469) adults. The mean length of hospital stay was 16.88 days. Our LA50 was 37%, and the overall mortality was 14.63%, with a mean age of 33.96, a mean TBSA of 43.3% and a mean revised Baux score of 80.55 for the mortality group. The paediatric group had a 5.03% (n=27) mortality rate, with 88.88% of these being children under 5 years with an LA50 of 45%, and the adult group had a 25.56% (n=120) mortality rate with an LA50 of 34%. Factors associated with mortality were age (p<0.0001), TBSA (p<0.0001), female sex (p=0.4126), full-thickness burns (p=0.7160) and burns to the head (p=0.9038). The leading cause of injury was hot water (46.5% of patients), followed by fire at 38.6%. HIV was the leading comorbidity, affecting 6.9% (n=67) of patients, followed by hypertension at 4.67% (n=47), and 2.58% (n=26) of patients had epilepsy. The leading complication was sepsis, affecting 14.67% (n=144) of patients. The average waiting time between admission and skin graft was 25.29 days, and for debridement was 3.57 days.
Conclusion. The epidemiology of burn patients and working conditions at Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital are similar to other burn units in the country; however, our mortality rate is higher than at most centres. The LA50 is low, but in keeping with the rest of Africa, and our predictors of mortality are in keeping with those found in other studies in other parts of the world.
Burn injuries in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa: Quantifying the healthcare burden
Authors: Allorto N , Rencken C , Bishop D G
Published: October 2023

Background. Most burn injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and affect those of lower socioeconomic status disproportionally. A multifaceted approach is needed to improve burn outcomes. Healthcare strategies and reform should be data driven, but South Africa (SA) currently lacks sufficient baseline data related to burn injuries. The absence of local data is compounded by a global lack of published data from LMIC settings. The Pietermaritzburg Burn Service Registry (PBSR) is the only established registry for burn injuries in SA. Objectives. To use the high-quality, detailed data from the PBSR to estimate the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) provincial burden of burns in terms of length of stay, need for surgery and mortality. Our broader aim is to quantify the magnitude of the problem to highlight the need for specific burn care strategies in SA.
Methods. We conducted an observational, retrospective review of burns data from two databases, the District Health Information System (DHIS) between 2013 and 2018, and the more detailed PBSR between 2016 and 2019. We compared the distribution of mild, moderate and severe injuries as well as the distribution of adult and paediatric admissions between the DHIS and PBSR data sets. We then assumed that outcomes for the province would follow similar patterns to the Pietermaritzburg Burn Service and applied the proportions to the DHIS data set to estimate the annual provincial burden.
Results. In the DHIS, there was an annual mean (standard deviation (SD)) of 4 807 (760) children (age ≤12 years) and 3 622 (588) adults (age >12 years) admitted to hospitals in KZN with burn injuries. Annual average injury severity was 76.0% mild (mean (SD) n=5 539 (1 112.4)), 19.8% moderate (n=1 441 (148.8)) and 4.2% severe (n=312 (24.5)). These proportions were similar in the PBSR. Projections estimate that 2 967 patients would need surgery, with 212 500 hospital days required annually in the province. Additionally, provincial mortality would be 586 patients, including 84% with burns of mild and moderate severity. These deaths are potentially preventable.
Conclusion. There is a significant, unquantified burden of burn injury in KZN, highlighting the urgent need for development of specialised surgical services for burns. Collection of more robust national data to verify our projections is required to confirm the need and guide required healthcare reform.
Modelling and forecasting of primary healthcare utilisation, perceived quality of care and non‐emergency referrals to hospitals in a national health insurance pilot district of South Africa
Authors: Mukudu H , Otwombe K , Fusheini A , Igumbor J
Published: October 2023

Background. The first phase of the National Health Insurance (NHI) pilot programme focusing on primary healthcare has been implemented in Tshwane and 10 other districts of South Africa since 2012. This was envisaged to improve the quality of healthcare at primary healthcare level, and offset the burden of non-emergency healthcare at hospital outpatient level. However, there are no population-level studies that have been done to determine the relationship and interdependence of primary healthcare and hospital outpatient-level indicators that are needed to forecast utilisation of health services. This information is key to plan for roll-out of NHI, in setting benchmarks to guide health policy and allocation of resources.

Objectives. To determine the interdependence and relationships between primary healthcare and hospital outpatient-level indicators in a NHI pilot district, and forecast the utilisation of services to 2030.Methods. This was a quasi-experimental ecological study design, making use of selected primary healthcare and outpatient department indicators in the District Health Information System monthly reports between January 2010 and December 2019 for Tshwane district. We used the vector error correction model to determine the interdependence and relationships between these indicators, and used these to forecast utilisation of services to 2030.

Results. The study found that most non-emergency care is provided at primary healthcare level by professional nurses. It confirmed the influence of selected primary healthcare and outpatient department headcounts on each other by finding the existence of four co-integration relationships between the variables. Both long-run and short-run causality exists between them. Based on these relationships, we forecasted that by the end of 2030, the outpatient department follow-up headcounts would have doubled, but both primary healthcare total and clients seen by a professional nurse will marginally decline.

Conclusion. Our findings confirm that there is a relationship between primary healthcare and outpatient department indicators, which can be used to plan for provision of services in the future. Based on this relationship and current trends, we found that implementation of the NHI pilot programme will not attain the envisaged goal by 2030.
Transitions structurelles en périphérie québécoise
Authors: Proulx Marc-Urbain
Published: October 2023

Quand on croise la théorie des grands cycles structurels avec le modèle classique centre – périphérie, l’analyse de l’évolution de la périphérie du Québec génère un éclairage pertinent sur son contexte contemporain de développement. Après une période historique de simple extraction de ressources naturelles livrées sur le marché mondial, l’émergence d’activités économiques endogènes a joué son rôle de rétention progressive de la richesse créée, avant que les forces exogènes se réaffirment dans leur domination des flux financiers. À travers ce double renversement des forces, le processus d’intégration territoriale s’est avéré réel et constant, délaissant cependant les zones insuffisamment dotées en ressources ou bien dont les ressources ont été épuisées. La structure industrielle est demeurée immature et dépendante après les décollages locaux. Largement soutenue par la politique publique, la transition régionale en cours cherche sa voie en jonglant avec les options pour un nouveau grand cycle structurel de développement.
Konstrukciju stāvokļa monitoringa sistēmas izstrāde konstrukcijām ekspluatācijas apstākļos
Authors:   , Mironovs Deniss
Published: October 2023

Promocijas darbs ietver konstrukciju stāvokļa monitoringa sistēmas izstrādi vidēja lieluma konstrukcijām ekspluatācijas apstākļos, piemēram, vēja turbīnām, torņiem vai lāpstiņām. Tiek piedāvāts tehnoloģisko un metodisko risinājumu kopums SHM sistēmu problēmu risināšanai. Risinājumi ietver pjezoplēves deformācijas devēju izmantošanu, operacionālās modālās analīzes ieviešanu, periodisku komponentu slāpēšanu un konstrukciju modālo pasi. Izstrādātie risinājumi izmēģināti, izmantojot reālas konstrukcijas un modeļus laboratorijas un lauka apstākļos.
Exploring the roles of ZmARM gene family in maize development and abiotic stress response
Authors: Yu Zhijia , Sun Xiaopeng , Chen Ziqi , Wang Qi , Zhang Chuang , Liu Xiangguo , Wu Weilin , Yin Yuejia
Published: October 2023

Armadillo (ARM) was a gene family important to plants, with crucial roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the properties and functions of ARM family members in maize had received limited attention. Therefore, this study employed bioinformatics methods to analyze the structure and evolution of ARM-repeat protein family members in maize. The maize (Zea mays L.) genome contains 56 ARM genes distributed over 10 chromosomes, and collinearity analysis indicated 12 pairs of linkage between them. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of ARM proteins showed that most of these proteins were acidic and hydrophilic. According to the number and evolutionary analysis of the ARM genes, the ARM genes in maize can be divided into eight subgroups, and the gene structure and conserved motifs showed similar compositions in each group. The findings shed light on the significant roles of 56 ZmARM domain genes in development and abiotic stress, particularly drought stress. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that drought stress exerts an influence on specific members of the ZmARM family, such as ZmARM4, ZmARM12, ZmARM34 and ZmARM36. The comprehensive profiling of these genes in the whole genome, combined with expression analysis, establishes a foundation for further exploration of plant gene function in the context of abiotic stress and reproductive development.
Enhancement of cardiac and respiratory sounds using pitch-shifting
Authors:   , Echenique Pohlmann María Belén
Published: October 2023

La telemedicina es cada vez más popular por su comodidad y accesibilidad. Sin embargo, uno de sus inconvenientes es la dificultad de realizar auscultaciones físicas a distancia, por ejemplo, para evaluar los sonidos pulmonares y cardíacos. Como solución, proponemos un método de teleauscultación basado en teléfonos inteligentes para captar los sonidos pulmonares y cardíacos. Sin embargo, uno de los obstáculos de este método es que los sonidos de baja frecuencia, como los cardíacos, no pueden ser reproducidos con precisión por el altavoz de un smartphone, debido a su limitada respuesta en frecuencia. Para solventar este problema, proponemos utilizar versiones de estos sonidos con el tono desplazado, diseñadas específicamente para su audición a través de smartphones. Realizamos dos evaluaciones, una con sonidos de bases de datos online y otra con sonidos de una base de datos creada para el proyecto, que contiene audios cardíacos y pulmonares captados con un smartphone. En ambos, los sonidos se procesaron mediante algoritmos basados en las bibliotecas PaulStretch y SoundStretch, y se validaron con una encuesta web respondida por expertos. Los probamos con auriculares convencionales como primer paso hacia su emisión a través de altavoces. En el experimento realizado con bases de datos de código abierto, el 71,6% y el 80% de las respuestas indicaban que se conservaba la información clínica en las muestras de sonidos respiratorios y cardíacos, respectivamente. Por otro lado, en el experimento realizado con nuestra base de datos interna, los resultados mostraron para los sonidos respiratorios y cardíacos que el 76,5% y el 71% de los sonidos procesados conservaban información clínica. Lo anterior sugiere que los sonidos de tono modificado podrían utilizarse en dispositivos de teleauscultación como los teléfonos inteligentes. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir investigando sobre las capacidades de grabación y reproducción de los teléfonos inteligentes en modo altavoz.
Descifrando la volcanología física de secuencias volcánicas miocenas de Los Andes de Chile Central
Authors:   , Leiva Gilberto Camila Andrea
Published: October 2023

La geología del área de Farellones ubicada en la Cordillera Principal de los Andes de Chile central, entre los 2 mil y 3 mil m.s.n.m., consiste en una secuencia de rocas volcánicas y volcanoclásticas del Mioceno, las cuales están localmente intruidas por rocas plutónicas graníticas a dioríticas del mismo periodo o cubiertas por depósitos sedimentarios de origen glaciar, aluvial y coluvial del Cuaternario. La ocurrencia de centros de erupción puntuales en la secuencia volcánica Miocena, aunque ya ha sido sugerida, sigue siendo enigmática, a pesar de existir estudios de sistemas volcánicos en el arco volcánico activo. En este trabajo se determinó la presencia de un estratovolcán caracterizado por 1.7 km de intercalación de flujos de lavas andesíticas a basálticas con depósitos piroclásticos dacíticos a riolíticos indicando eventos de colapso gravitacional en forma de flujo de bloques y cenizas, flujos de densidad piroclástica y caída de cenizas. El tramo superior de la secuencia está conformado por lavas riolíticas con esferulitas, que representan la parte superior del estratovolcán con el Complejo de Domos Cerro Colorado. En el flanco oeste del estratovolcán Cerro Colorado, una fuente de magma y fluidos hidrotermales interactuaron, promoviendo explosiones y colapsos estructurales locales, desarrollando el sistema de maar-diatrema Quebrada Lunes. Este sistema está formado por 700 m de brechas piroclásticas y tobas de composición andesítica a dacítica intercaladas con lavas andesíticas. Toda esta secuencia se encuentra intruida por diques y sills, y afectada por fallas normales. Los resultados indican que los centros eruptivos del Mioceno en Los Andes de Chile central exhibieron un volcanismo diverso entre procesos efusivos y explosivos, así como constructivos y destructivos.
Enseñanza de las habilidades del siglo 21: radiografía a marcos teóricos y docentes latinoamericanos que revelan un delgado entendimiento común
Authors:   , Varas Domínguez Diego
Published: October 2023

Frente a un futuro incierto, los sistemas educativos deben entregar las habilidades necesarias para enfrentar el siglo 21. Sin embargo, ¿Cuáles son estas habilidades?, ¿Existe una definición común? ¿Cómo se desarrollan? En respuesta, este estudio busca analizar los marcos de referencias y estudios existentes, junto con la investigación de las estrategias y obstáculos que los docentes enfrentan al intentar desarrollarlas en la sala de clases. Con este fin, se ejecutó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura entorno a las habilidades del siglo 21, junto con la realización y el análisis de un cuestionario online, que incluía open-ended questions, de 1391 docentes activos en docencia escolar en 20 países de la región. Dentro de los hallazgos encontrados, se destaca que si bien existen marcos mucho más populares que otros, los docentes muestran un delgado entendimiento común en torno a las habilidades del siglo 21. La mayoría de estos docentes no menciona las habilidades del marco reconocido como el más popular (las 4 Cs); y quienes identifican alguna de estas, reportan las mismas estrategias (Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos, actividades de comunicación oral, estrategias de lectoescritura y trabajo en equipo), independiente de cuál de las habilidades de este marco se hubieran expresado inicialmente. Concluimos que los docentes no logran converger a un marco común entorno a estas habilidades ni en las estrategias adecuadas para su desarrollo. El presente trabajo contribuye a comprender las potenciales causas que evitan la integración de la enseñanza de estas habilidades en las salas de clases, problema que vas más allá de Latinoamérica.
Sex on Camera: A Postmodern Feminist Critique on Pornography
Authors: Castillo Joe Carl B. , Pueyo Rev. Fr. Antonio P.
Published: October 2023

Pornography has been a topic of ongoing debate, particularly among feminist thinkers, regarding its implications for women's subjugation and oppression versus its potential as a means for women to express their sexuality, empower themselves, and exercise autonomy. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of pornography from diverse cultural, religious, and legal perspectives. Additionally, it explores the divergent feminist viewpoints on pornography, examining their respective issues and inconsistencies. On one side, anti-pornography feminists argue that pornography inherently serves as an oppressive tool that degrades and subjugates women. On the other side, pro-pornography feminists assert that pornography can empower women and facilitate the exploration and appreciation of their own sexuality. By employing these feminist perspectives, the study offers a critical analysis of pornography through a postmodern lens. Postmodernism emphasizes the importance of considering diverse perspectives based on varying experiences and conflicting narratives of women involved in pornography. In this study, the researcher distinguishes between the concept of pornography and its associated industry. As a concept, pornography is regarded as a catalyst for women's self-actualization and the free expression of their sexuality, thus representing a form of sexual liberation. However, as an industry, pornography can give rise to problems such as sex trafficking and exploitation, with women often being the victims. Consequently, the study emphasizes the need for certain boundaries or standards that prioritize women's autonomy, safety, and well-being. These limitations or standards are considered essential in enabling women to find meaning in their pursuit of self-actualization and the expression of their own sexuality.
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons in Sediment, Shell and Flesh of the Faunas in Qua-Iboe River at Ibeno, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Ikpe Edidiong E. , Etesin Usoro M. , Ubuo Emmanuel E. , Ekwere Ifiok O.
Published: October 2023

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons in Sediment, Shell and Flesh of the Faunas in Qua-Iboe River at Ibeno, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria was undertaken. The faunas and sediment sample were collected from designated locations and a control location along Ikot-Ibok in dry and wet seasons using standard analytical sampling methods. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals and hydrocarbons content by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatography respectively.  pH of the samples was assessed. Transfer factor (TF) of the heavy metals between the sediment and the faunas were calculated. Regression models (linear and power equation) were developed to predict the numerical relationship between total petroleum hydrocarbon and total hydrocarbon content (TPH and THC) and heavy metals concentration in shell (predictor) of fauna in relation to their concentration in the flesh (dependent). Results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis such as coefficient of variation and mean. The concentration range of the heavy metals of both faunas and sediment was 0.001 – 86. 686 mg/kg. These value are above the World Health Organization and National Environmental Standard and Regulations Enforcement Agency (WHO/NESREA) standards (0.001 -5.0mg/kg). The coefficient of variation (C.V) had a range of 0.0152 – 193.333% which showed variation in stability of the heavy metals. Transfer factor (TF) showed that Tympanotomus fuscatus tissue bioaccumulated most heavy metals. Hydrocarbons (TPH and THC) and heavy metals concentration in the flesh of Ostreidea and Tympanomus fuscatus tissue were predicted from its shells at highly significant level (P - ≤ 0.05). This study has provided information on the levels of heavy metals and Hydrocarbons in faunas and sediment. In addition, the study has also developed models for predicting the levels of heavy metals and hydrocarbon content in the flesh from the shell of the faunas studied.
A Scientific Assessment of Integrated Nutrient Management Effects on the Growth and Productivity of Trichosanthes anguina L. (Snake Gourd)
Authors: Biswas Akash Kumar , Khatun Khaleda , Mostarin Tahmina , Ali Al Hasir Gajanfor , Morshed Moheuddin , Parvin Moorshida , Mathin Tasnia Thanim , Mahmud Md. Riad , Labonno Suma Akter , Hashi Samsun Nahar
Published: October 2023

A field-based experimental investigation was undertaken from March to July 2020 at the Horticultural Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to assess the impact of integrated nutrient management on the growth and yield of snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.). The study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, incorporating a total of 11 nutrient combinations. Various growth, reproductive, and yield parameters, including vine length, number of leaves per plant, leaf dimensions, flowering onset, fruit development, and yield metrics, were evaluated. The results consistently demonstrated positive effects across these parameters in response to different nutrient combinations. The highest recorded yield of snake gourd, at 50.10 t ha-1, was observed in the T10 ((OM (CD5PM5V2 t ha-1) + N80P35K75S18 kg ha-1 + Mg7 kg ha-1  + Zn6 kg ha-1 + B2 kg ha-1) treatment, while the lowest yield, at 14.72 t ha-1, was associated with the T0 (control) treatment. This experiment highlights the prospective efficacy of integrated nutrient management methodologies in augmenting snake gourd production and optimizing crop yield. It provides valuable insights for the improvement of agricultural practices in the specified geographic region.
Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies in Hybrids of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)
Authors: Singh Yash Pratap , Singh Yash Kumar , Prasad V. M.
Published: October 2023

The present investigation was carried out with ten bottle gourd hybrid varieties including one check arranged in a randomized block design with three replications and observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants for eleven quantitative traits at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P. A detailed analysis of the results on ten bottle gourd hybrid varieties revealed that from analysis of variance it is revealed that all the traits have high significant variability and thus can be used in further analysis. Shreeman 152 showed higher days to first male and first female appearance, number of branches per vine, vine length. F115 hybrid variety found the highest fruit diameter and SW906 were found high in fruit yield per and fruit yield per ha GCV were recorded higher for Fruit yield per ha, Fruit length, Vitamin C and Fruit diameter, indicating a good amount of variability present in the material under investigation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent mean is observed in Fruit yield per ha, Fruit length, Vitamin C, TSS and days to first female appearances suggesting that selection of these traits would be effective for the desired improvement in bottle gourd. A significant positive correlation was reported between fruit yield per plant with Vitamin C, TSS, fruit yield per ha. A significant negative correlation was reported between vine length and days to first harvest, days to first male and female appearances.
Pemanfaatan Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) sebagai Bioetanol Generasi Dua (G2) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Ragi Melalui Metode Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF)
Authors: Mulyadi Dikdik , Khumaisah Lela Laitul , Rahayu Sugiarti
Published: October 2023

Saat ini ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap energi fosil dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi di dalam negeri masih tinggi. Di sisi lain, penggunaan bahan bakar fosil sebagai sumber energi nasional merupakan salah satu faktor penyumbang dalam peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca yang merusak lingkungan. Beranjak dari hal tersebut, maka perlu adanya alternatif lain seperti penggunaan bioetanol yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Biomassa yang dimanfaatkan sebagai bioetanol dalam penelitian ini ialah kulit manggis karena kandungan lignin, selulosa, serta hemiselulosa berturut-turut sebesar 38.2; 30.7; 29.8% yang dapat dikonversi menjadi bioetanol generasi dua. Penelitian terkait pemanfaatan kullit manggis sebagai bioetanol belum banyak dilakukan, sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik dari bioetanol yang dihasilkan serta konsentrasi ragi yang paling optimum dalam menghasilkan volume bioetanol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam produksi bioetanol adalah sakarifikasi menggunakan enzim selulase campuran Aspergillus niger dan Trichoderma reesei perbandingan 1:2 dan fermentasi dengan variasi konsentrasi ragi 2; 4; 6 g/100 mL. Proses karakterisasi menggunakan instrumen GC, AAS, pH meter, serta proses titrasi. Penelitian ini memberikan hasil bahwa variasi ragi 6% merupakan konsentrasi yang paling optimum dalam menghasilkan volume bioetanol sebanyak 160 mL.
Alectinib In the Treatment of Systemic Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of Infancy With ALK Translocation
Authors: Xu Jiaosheng , Yao Xingfeng , Wen Yang , Lian Hongyun , Han Xiaofeng , Xu Zigang
Published: October 2023

This observational case series examines the diagnosis and treatment of 2 patients with systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma treated with alectinib.
Treatment Outcomes With Licensed and Unlicensed Stimulant Doses for Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Farhat Luis C. , Flores José M. , Avila-Quintero Victor J. , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Cipriani Andrea , Furukawa Toshi A. , Bloch Michael H. , Cortese Samuele
Published: October 2023

Importance

Stimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamines) are often prescribed at unlicensed doses for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Whether dose escalation beyond US Food and Drug Administration recommendations is associated with positive risk benefits is unclear.

Objective

To investigate the impact, based on averages, of stimulant doses on treatment outcomes in adults with ADHD and to determine, based on averages, whether unlicensed doses are associated with positive risk benefits compared with licensed doses.

Data Sources

Twelve databases, including published (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Sciences) and unpublished (ClinicalTrials.gov) literature, up to February 22, 2023, without language restrictions.

Study Selection

Two researchers independently screened records to identify double-blinded randomized clinical trials of stimulants against placebo in adults (18 years and older) with ADHD.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Aggregate data were extracted and synthesized in random-effects dose-response meta-analyses and network meta-analyses.

Main Outcome Measures

Change in ADHD symptoms and discontinuations due to adverse events.

Results

A total of 47 randomized clinical trials (7714 participants; mean age, 35 (SD, 11) years; 4204 male [56%]) were included. For methylphenidate, dose-response curves indicated additional reductions of symptoms with increments in doses, but the gains were progressively smaller and accompanied by continued additional risk of adverse events dropouts. Network meta-analyses showed that unlicensed doses were associated with greater reductions of symptoms compared with licensed doses (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.23; 95% CI, −0.44 to −0.02; very low certainty of evidence), but the additional gain was small and accompanied by increased risk of adverse event dropouts (odds ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.19-3.43; moderate certainty of evidence). For amphetamines, the dose-response curve approached a plateau and increments in doses did not indicate additional reductions of symptoms, but there were continued increments in the risk of adverse event dropouts. Network meta-analysis did not identify differences between unlicensed and licensed doses for reductions of symptoms (SMD, −0.08; 95% CI, −0.24 to 0.08; very low certainty of evidence).

Conclusions and Relevance

Based on group averages, unlicensed doses of stimulants may not have positive risk benefits compared with licensed doses for adults with ADHD. In general, practitioners should consider unlicensed doses cautiously. Practitioners may trial unlicensed doses if needed and tolerated but should be aware that there may not be large gains in the response to the medication with those further increments in dose. However, the findings are averages and will not generalize to every patient.
Perceived Implications of Compensation Structure for Academic Surgical Practice
Authors: Finn Caitlin B. , Syvyk Solomiya , Bergmark Regan W. , Yeo Heather L. , Waljee Jennifer F. , Wick Elizabeth C. , Kelz Rachel R.
Published: October 2023

This qualitative study examines how incentive-based and salary-only compensation models affect academic surgeons.
Modulating Force of Nucleated Hydrogen Bubble Adhesion to Boost Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Das Jaysri , Mandal Subhankar , Borbora Angana , Rani Sonam , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Manna Uttam
Published: October 2023

In electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the produced hydrogen gas bubbles often adhered to the electrode surface and blocked the active catalytic site. While different catalysts are developed to improve the catalytic performance of HER, the design of a durable and universal approach for minimizing the force of nucleated hydrogen gas‐bubble adhesion to prevent blockage of electrocatalytic sites because of bubbles‐adhesion is unprecedented. Generally, buoyancy should outweigh the capillary force to remove nucleated bubbles, which means these forces ratio, Eötvös number Eo > 1. Herein, a chemically reactive multilayer coating on an electrode is reported to chemically modulate the adhesion force of nucleated gas‐bubble on the electrode. A dual modified coating on Ni‐foam provided a non‐adhesive superaerophobicity with nucleated bubble adhesion force of 4.6 ± 0.3 µN and displayed superior HER performance with lower overpotential (333 to 250 mV) at 100 mA cm−2 with respect to bare Ni‐foam. The chemically‐modulated low bubble‐adhesion facilitates the early removal of nucleated tiny hydrogen gas bubbles with a minimum size of 0.64 mm and Eo = 0.05 to keep catalytic sites available for superior electrochemical HER. Such a positive impact of the prepared coating is also noted for various other electrodes.
Controlled Growth of Single‐Crystal Graphene Wafers on Twin‐Boundary‐Free Cu(111) Substrates
Authors: Zhu Yeshu , Zhang Jincan , Cheng Ting , Tang Jilin , Duan Hongwei , Hu Zhaoning , Shao Jiaxin , Wang Shiwei , Wei Mingyue , Wu Haotian , Li Ang , Li Sheng , Balci Osman , Shinde Sachin M. , Ramezani Hamideh , Wang Luda , Lin Li , Ferrari Andrea C. , Yakobson Boris I. , Peng Hailin , Jia Kaicheng , Liu Zhongfan
Published: October 2023

Single‐crystal graphene (SCG) wafers are needed to enable mass‐electronics and optoelectronics owing to their excellent properties and compatibility with silicon‐based technology. Controlled synthesis of high‐quality SCG wafers can be done exploiting single‐crystal Cu(111) substrates as epitaxial growth substrates recently. However, current Cu(111) films prepared by magnetron sputtering on single‐crystal sapphire wafers still suffer from in‐plane twin boundaries, which degrade the SCG chemical vapor deposition. Here, it is shown how to eliminate twin boundaries on Cu and achieve 4 in. Cu(111) wafers with ≈95% crystallinity. The introduction of a temperature gradient on Cu films with designed texture during annealing drives abnormal grain growth across the whole Cu wafer. In‐plane twin boundaries are eliminated via migration of out‐of‐plane grain boundaries. SCG wafers grown on the resulting single‐crystal Cu(111) substrates exhibit improved crystallinity with >97% aligned graphene domains. As‐synthesized SCG wafers exhibit an average carrier mobility up to 7284 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature from 103 devices and a uniform sheet resistance with only 5% deviation in 4 in. region.
FOXA2 Suppression by TRIM36 Exerts Anti‐Tumor Role in Colorectal Cancer Via Inducing NRF2/GPX4‐Regulated Ferroptosis
Authors: Liu Xin , Yan Chunli , Chang Chunxiao , Meng Fansong , Shen Wenjie , Wang Song , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2023

The forkhead box transcription factor A2 (FOXA2) is a transcription factor and plays a key role in embryonic development, metabolism homeostasis and tumor cell proliferation; however, its regulatory potential in CRC is not fully understood. Here, it is found that FOXA2 expression is markedly up‐regulated in tumor samples of CRC patients as compared with the normal tissues, which is closely associated with the worse survival in patients with CRC. Notably, a positive correlation between FOXA2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) gene expression is observed in CRC patients. Mechanistically, FOXA2 depletion weakens the activation of Nrf2 pathway and decreases GPX4 level in CRC cells, thereby leading to ferroptosis, which is further supported by bioinformatic analysis. More intriguingly, the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing 36 (TRIM36) is identified as a key suppressor of FOXA2, and it is observed that TRIM36 can directly interact with FOXA2 and induce its K48‐linked polyubiquitination, resulting in FOXA2 protein degradation in vitro. Taken together, all the studies demonstrate that FOXA2 mediated by TRIM36 promotes CRC progression by inhibiting the Nrf2/GPX4 ferroptosis signaling pathway, thus providing a new therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
Stable Decoding from a Speech BCI Enables Control for an Individual with ALS without Recalibration for 3 Months
Authors: Luo Shiyu , Angrick Miguel , Coogan Christopher , Candrea Daniel N. , Wyse‐Sookoo Kimberley , Shah Samyak , Rabbani Qinwan , Milsap Griffin W. , Weiss Alexander R. , Anderson William S. , Tippett Donna C. , Maragakis Nicholas J. , Clawson Lora L. , Vansteensel Mariska J. , Wester Brock A. , Tenore Francesco V. , Hermansky Hynek , Fifer Matthew S. , Ramsey Nick F. , Crone Nathan E.
Published: October 2023

Brain‐computer interfaces (BCIs) can be used to control assistive devices by patients with neurological disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that limit speech and movement. For assistive control, it is desirable for BCI systems to be accurate and reliable, preferably with minimal setup time. In this study, a participant with severe dysarthria due to ALS operates computer applications with six intuitive speech commands via a chronic electrocorticographic (ECoG) implant over the ventral sensorimotor cortex. Speech commands are accurately detected and decoded (median accuracy: 90.59%) throughout a 3‐month study period without model retraining or recalibration. Use of the BCI does not require exogenous timing cues, enabling the participant to issue self‐paced commands at will. These results demonstrate that a chronically implanted ECoG‐based speech BCI can reliably control assistive devices over long time periods with only initial model training and calibration, supporting the feasibility of unassisted home use.
Indian patients with CHST3‐related chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations
Authors: Singh Swati , Jacob Prince , Patil Siddaramappa J. , Muranjan Mamta , Shah Hitesh , Girisha Katta M. , Bhavani Gandham SriLakshmi
Published: October 2023

CHST3‐related chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations (CDCJD, #MIM 143095), is a rare genetic skeletal disorder caused by biallelic loss of function variants in CHST3. CHST3 is critical for the sulfation of chondroitin sulfate. This study delineates the clinical presentation of nine individuals featuring the key symptoms of CDCJD; congenital joint (knee and elbow) dislocations, short trunk short stature progressive vertebral anomalies, and metacarpal shortening. Additional manifestations include irregular distal femoral epiphysis, supernumerary carpal ossification centers, bifid humerus, club foot, and cardiac abnormalities. Sanger sequencing was carried out to investigate molecular etiology in eight patients and exome sequencing in one. Genetic testing revealed five homozygous variants in CHST3 (four were novel and one was previously reported). All these variants are located on sulfotransferase domain of CHST3 protein and were classified as pathogenic/ likely pathogenic. We thus report on nine individuals with CHST3‐related chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations from India and suggest monitoring the health of cardiac valves in this condition.
Utilizing a Mild and Effective Catalyst, Alum (KAl(SO4)2⋅12H2O), for Carbohydrate Protection
Authors: Chen Jyun‐Siao , Zhang Kai‐Min , Ke Yi‐Fan , Hsu Hsiao‐Lin , Liou De‐Cian , Chen Ching‐Hsien , Kou Chia‐Yang , Yen Wei‐Chung , Wu Hsin‐Ru , Chen Chien‐Sheng , Luo Shun‐Yuan
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to optimize the per‐O‐acetylation, deacetylation, and benzylidene protection of carbohydrates and investigate the scope of saccharides via alum‐catalysis. Initially, optimization was based on the previously reported PTA‐catalyzed acetylation of glucose, but alum‐catalysis required heating conditions. The study expanded to investigate the per‐O‐acetylation of different saccharides, including galactose and mannose, which produced stereoisomeric mixtures. The study proposed a plausible reaction mechanism for the isomerization observed in galactose and xylose after acetylation. The mechanism involved chelation of the active alum‐catalyst with the O‐6 position and β‐type O‐1 position of galactopyranose to form a transition state complex via ring opening. This study investigated the generality of the de‐O‐acetylation method on a variety of carbohydrates using per‐O‐acetyl saccharide substrates bearing different functional groups. The direct protection of benzylidene in addition to acetylation/de‐O‐acetylation with a focus on optimizing reaction conditions for the synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives. Overall, the study offers insights into optimizing de‐acetylation, per‐O‐acetylation, and benzylidene protection investigating the scope of saccharides via alum‐catalysis.