bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A durable MXene-based zinc ion hybrid supercapacitor with sulfated polysaccharide reinforced hydrogel/electrolyte
Authors: Cui Haonan , Mi Hongyu , Ji Chenchen , Guo Fengjiao , Chen Yanna , Wu Dandan , Qiu Jieshan , Xie Haijiao
Published: October 2021

A N-doped MXene wrapped with N-doped amorphous carbon was synthesized. DFT results reveal an enlarged work function of N-Ti3C2(OH)2@N–C. A durable MXene-based ZHSC with reinforced PAM-co-PAA/κ-CG/ZnSO4 hydrogel demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance.
Neural-network design of Li3VO4/NC fibers toward superior high-rate Li-ion storage
Authors: Xu Zhen , Zhang Dongmei , Lu Junlin , Pei Cunyuan , Li Tao , Xiao Ting , Ni Shibing
Published: October 2021

Neural-network Li3VO4/N-doped C fibers are firstly prepared via a dimension-restrained diffusion strategy based on mixed electrospinning, showing outstanding high-rate Li-ion storage.
High-rate performance aqueous-based supercapacitors at −30 °C driven by novel 1D Ni(OH)2 nanorods and a two-solute electrolyte
Authors: Wei Wutao , Chen Weihua , Mi Liwei , Xu Jiaqiang , Zhang Jiujun
Published: October 2021

Cost efficient NaCl has been successfully used to fabricate 1D Ni(OH)2 nanorods and design two-solute electrolyte, which together driven the aqueous-based supercapacitor with excellent electrochemical performance at −30 °C.
Molecular spinterface in F4TCNQ-doped polymer spin valves
Authors: Yu Dongxue , Ding Shuaishuai , Li Jing , Mi Wenbo , Tian Yuan , Hu Wenping
Published: October 2021

An anionic radical through the charge transfer process of hybridization on the spinterface was found in a doped P3HT spin valve, which may effectively enhance the device performance.
Sum‐rate optimization scheme for time‐varying distributed MU‐MIMO systems
Authors: Xie Shaoguo , Ai Liefu
Published: October 2021

Sum‐rate optimization problem is a key issue in a time‐varying multi‐user multi‐input multi‐output (MU‐MIMO) distributed antenna system. Channel precoding matrix is the key technology in the achievable sum‐rate optimization problem. In this paper, two algorithms are proposed to solve the achievable sum‐rate optimization problem for a time‐varying MU‐MIMO distributed antenna system, namely one‐dimensional search algorithm (OSA) and cyclic MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) search algorithm (CMSA). In order to design the channel precoding matrix for the achievable sum‐rate optimization, a one‐dimensional search algorithm is proposed in the time‐varying MU‐MIMO distributed antenna system. For the problem with a large amount of computation in OSA, a cyclic MMSE search algorithm is proposed in the time‐varying MU‐MIMO distributed antenna system. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively improve the sum‐rate compared to other algorithms. Simulation results also show that OSA is superior to CMSA in the sum‐rate, and the channel state information (CSI) coefficient has little effect on OSA and CMSA.
A structural health monitoring system of the overhead transmission line conductor
Authors: Zhao Long , Zhang Tian , Huang Xinbo , Zhang Ye , Liu Wei
Published: October 2021

Transmission lines are affected by aeolian vibration, sandstorms and acid rain, which cause structural damage and eventually lead to line breaking accidents. In this paper, the structural health monitoring technology of conductors is researched, and a structural monitoring system for conductors is designed. First, based on the structure of the ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) conductor and the dynamic equation, the relation between the natural frequencies and the structure of the conductor is obtained. Then, an online health monitoring system of the conductor structure is proposed, and key issues, such as the power supply solution of sensors, data preprocessing technology, multiple‐sensor synchronization method, are analyzed in detail. Finally, the structural health monitoring of overhead transmission lines designed in this paper is tested on 110‐kV experimental transmission lines. The experimental results show that from the system proposed the operation parameters of the conductors can be well obtained.
The extension of the fundamental metallicity relation beyond the BPT star-forming sequence: Evidence for both gas accretion and starvation
Authors: Kumari Nimisha , Maiolino Roberto , Trussler James , Mannucci Filippo , Cresci Giovanni , Curti Mirko , Marconi Alessandro , Belfiore Francesco
Published: October 2021

Context.The fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) of galaxies is a 3D relation between the gas-phase metallicity, stellar mass, and star-formation rate (SFR). So far, it has only been studied for galaxies identified as star forming (SF) on the BPT diagrams (BPT-SF), but not for galaxies with LI(N)ER/AGN classification (BPT-non-SF), mainly because of the lack of diagnostics for estimating their gas-phase metallicities in the latter cases.

Aims.We extend the FMR to BPT-non-SF galaxies.

Methods.To this end, we exploit the recent nebular line empirical calibrations derived specifically for galaxies classified as non-SF in the BPT diagrams. Moreover, we study an alternative representation of the FMR where we consider the offsets in metallicity and SFR with respect to main sequence (MS) galaxies.

Results.We find that galaxies with SFR higher than the MS are more metal-poor than their counterparts on the MS, which is interpreted in terms of gas accretion boosting star formation and diluting the metallicity. Low-mass galaxies below the MS (i.e. towards quiescence) have higher metallicities than their MS counterparts, which is interpreted in terms of starvation (i.e. suppression of fresh gas supply) hampering star formation and reducing the dilution effect, hence resulting in a higher level of internal chemical enrichment. Massive galaxies below the MS have a gas metallicity that is much closer to their MS counterparts and much lower than expected from their stellar metallicities; this result suggests a scenario where massive nearly quiescent galaxies with LI(N)ER-like nebular emission have recently accreted gas from the circum/intergalactic medium.
The influence of gravity on granular impacts
Authors: Sunday Cecily , Zhang Yun , Thuillet Florian , Tardivel Simon , Michel Patrick , Murdoch Naomi
Published: October 2021

Context. Impacts on small-body surfaces can occur naturally during cratering events or even strategically during carefully planned impact experiments, sampling maneuvers, and landing attempts. A proper interpretation of impact dynamics allows for a better understanding of the physical properties and the dynamical process of their regolith-covered surfaces and their general evolution.

Aims. This work aims to first validate low-velocity, low-gravity impact simulations against experimental results, and then to discuss the observed collision behaviors in terms of a popular phenomenological collision model and a commonly referenced scaling relationship.

Methods. We performed simulations using the soft-sphere discrete element method and two different codes, Chrono and pkdgrav. The simulations consist of a 10-cm-diameter spherical projectile impacting a bed of approximately 1-cm-diameter glass beads at collision velocities up to 1 m s−1. The impact simulations and experiments were conducted under terrestrial and low-gravity conditions, and the experimental results were used to calibrate the simulation parameters.

Results. Both Chrono and pkdgrav succeed in replicating the terrestrial gravity impact experiments with high and comparable computational performance, allowing us to simulate impacts in other gravity conditions with confidence. Low-gravity impact simulations with Chrono show that the penetration depth and collision duration both increase when the gravity level decreases. However, the presented collision model and scaling relationship fail to describe the projectile’s behavior over the full range of impact cases.

Conclusions. The impact simulations reveal that the penetration depth is a more reliable metric than the peak acceleration for assessing collision behavior in a coarse-grained material. This observation is important to consider when analyzing lander-regolith interactions using the accelerometer data from small-body missions. The objective of future work will be to determine the correct form and applicability of the cited collision models for different impact velocity and gravity regimes.
Gaia early DR3 systemic motions of Local Group dwarf galaxies and orbital properties with a massive Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Battaglia G. , Taibi S. , Thomas G. F. , Fritz T. K.
Published: October 2021

Aims. We perform a comprehensive determination of the systemic proper motions of 74 dwarf galaxies and dwarf galaxy candidates in the Local Group based on Gaia early data release 3. The outputs of the analysis for each galaxy, including probabilities of membership, will be made publicly available. The analysis is augmented by a determination of the orbital properties of galaxies within 500 kpc.

Methods. We adopt a flexible Bayesian methodology presented in the literature, which takes into account the location of the stars on the sky, on the colour-magnitude diagram, and on the proper motion plane. We applied some modifications, in particular to the way the colour-magnitude diagram and spectroscopic information are factored in, for example, by including stars in several evolution phases. The bulk motions were integrated in three gravitational potentials: two where the Milky Way was treated in isolation and has a mass 0.9 & 1.6 × 1012 M⊙, and a time-varying potential, which includes the infall of a massive Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC).

Results. We were able to determine bulk proper motions for 73 systems, and we consider 66 to be reliable measurements. For the first time, systemic motions are presented for galaxies out to a distance of 1.4 Mpc in the NGC 3109 association. The inclusion of the infall of a massive LMC significantly modifies the orbital trajectories of the objects, with respect to orbit integration in static Milky-Way-only potentials, and this leads to six galaxies likely being associated with the LMC, three possibly being associated with it, and one recently captured object. We discuss the results of the orbit integration in the context of the relation of the galaxies to the system of Milky Way satellites, implications for the too-big-to-fail problem, the impact on star formation histories, and tidal disruption.
Deep Chandra observations of merging galaxy cluster ZwCl 2341+0000
Authors: Zhang X. , Simionescu A. , Stuardi C. , van Weeren R. J. , Intema H. T. , Akamatsu H. , de Plaa J. , Kaastra J. S. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , ZuHone J. , Ichinohe Y.
Published: October 2021

Context. Knowledge of X-ray shock and radio relic connection in merging galaxy clusters has been greatly extended in terms of both observation and theory over the last decade. ZwCl 2341+0000 is a double-relic merging galaxy cluster; previous studies have shown that half of the southern relic is associated with an X-ray surface brightness discontinuity, while the other half not. The discontinuity was believed to be a shock front. Therefore, it is a mysterious case of an only partial shock-relic connection.

Aims. By using the 206.5 ks deep Chandra observations, we aim to investigate the nature of the southern surface brightness discontinuity. Meanwhile, we aim to explore new morphological and thermodynamical features.

Methods. We perform both imaging and spectroscopic analyses to investigate the morphological and thermodynamical properties of the cluster. In addition to the X-ray data, we utilize the GMRT 325 MHz image and JVLA 1.5 GHz and 3.0 GHz images to compute radio spectral index maps.

Results. Surface brightness profile fitting and the temperature profile suggest that the previously reported southern surface brightness discontinuity is better described as a sharp change in slope or as a kink. This kink is likely contributed by the disrupted core of the southern subcluster. The radio spectral index maps show spectral flattening at the south-eastern edge of the southern relic, suggesting that the location of the shock front is 640 kpc away from the kink, where the X-ray emission is too faint to detect a surface brightness discontinuity. We update the radio shock Mach number to be ℳradio, S = 2.2 ± 0.1 and ℳradio, N = 2.4 ± 0.4 for the southern and northern radio relics based on the injection spectral indices. We also put a 3σ lower limit on the X-ray Mach number of the southern shock to be ℳX-ray, S > 1.6. Meanwhile, the deep observations reveal that the northern subcluster is in a perfect cone shape, with a ∼400 kpc linear cold front on each side. This type of conic subcluster has been predicted by simulations but is observed here for the first time. It represents a transition stage between a blunt-body cold front and a slingshot cold front. Strikingly, we found a 400 kpc long gas trail attached to the apex of the cone, which could be due to the gas stripping. In addition, an over-pressured hot region is found in the south-western flank of the cluster.
Stellar and substellar companions from Gaia EDR3
Authors: Kervella Pierre , Arenou Frédéric , Thévenin Frédéric
Published: October 2021

Context. The multiplicity fraction of stars, down to the substellar regime, is a parameter of fundamental importance for stellar formation, evolution, and planetology. The census of multiple stars in the solar neighborhood is however incomplete.

Aims. Our study is aimed at detecting companions of HIPPARCOS catalog stars from the proper motion anomaly (PMa) they induce on their host star, namely, the difference between their long-term HIPPARCOS-Gaia and short-term Gaia proper motion vectors. We also aim to detect resolved, gravitationally bound companions of the HIPPARCOS catalog stars (117 955 stars) and of the Gaia EDR3 stars closer than 100 pc (542 232 stars).

Methods. Using the HIPPARCOS and EDR3 data, we revised the PMa catalog for the HIPPARCOS stars. In order to identify gravitationally bound visual companions of our sample, we searched the Gaia EDR3 catalog for common proper-motion (CPM) candidates.

Results. The detection of tangential velocity anomalies with a median accuracy of σ(ΔvT) = 26 cm s−1 per parsec of distance is demonstrated with the EDR3. This improvement by a factor 2.5 in accuracy, as compared to Gaia DR2, results in PMa detection limits on companions that are well into the planetary mass regime for many targets. We identify 37 515 HIPPARCOS stars presenting a PMa at significant level (S/N > 3), namely, a fraction of 32% (compared to 30% for the DR2) and 12 914 (11%) hosting CPM bound candidate companions. After including the Gaia EDR3 renormalised unit weight error (RUWE > 1.4) as an additional indicator, 50 720 stars of the HIPPARCOS catalog (43%) exhibit at least one signal of binarity. Among the Gaia EDR3 stars located within 100 pc, we find CPM bound candidate companions for 39 490 stars (7.3% of the sample).

Conclusions. The search for companions using a combination of the PMa, CPM, and RUWE indicators significantly improves the exhaustivity of the multiplicity survey. The detection of CPM companions of very bright stars (heavily saturated on the Gaia detectors) that are classical benchmark objects for stellar physics provides a useful proxy for estimating their distance with a higher accuracy than with HIPPARCOS.
Neuropsychiatrische Störungen bei idiopathischem Parkinson-Syndrom
Authors: Paulig Mario
Published: October 2021

Unter nicht motorischen Symptomen nehmen neuropsychiatrische Störungen im gesamten Krankheitsverlauf eine herausragende Stellung ein. Sie sind nach wie vor unterdiagnostiziert, haben jedoch erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität des Patienten und der Angehörigen. Einige Symptome können auf eine ungünstige Prognose verweisen. Die Mehrzahl der neuropsychiatrischen Störungen kann bei einer zielgerichteten klinischen Anamnese unter Einschluss der Angehörigen erfasst werden. Manchmal, z. B. bei kognitiven Defiziten, bedarf es einer neuropsychologischen Testung. Die Behandlung umfasst medikamentöse und nicht medikamentöse Maßnahmen. Allerdings gibt es nur relativ wenig Daten aus kontrollierten Studien, die die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit einzelner Therapiemaßnahmen belegen.
AGO Recommendations for the Surgical Therapy of the Axilla After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: 2021 Update
Authors: Friedrich Michael , Kühn Thorsten , Janni Wolfgang , Müller Volkmar , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Jackisch Christian , Krug David , Albert Ute-Susann , Bauerfeind Ingo , Blohmer Jens , Budach Wilfried , Dall Peter , Fallenberg Eva M. , Fasching Peter A. , Fehm Tanja , Gerber Bernd , Gluz Oleg , Hanf Volker , Harbeck Nadia , Heil Jörg , Huober Jens , Kreipe Hans-Heinrich , Kümmel Sherko , Loibl Sibylle , Lüftner Diana , Lux Michael Patrick , Maass Nicolai , Möbus Volker , Mundhenke Christoph , Nitz Ulrike , Park-Simon Tjoung-Won , Reimer Toralf , Rhiem Kerstin , Rody Achim , Schmidt Marcus , Schneeweiss Andreas , Schütz Florian , Sinn Hans-Peter , Solbach Christine , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Stickeler Elmar , Thomssen Christoph , Untch Michael , Witzel Isabell , Wöckel Achim , Thill Marc , Ditsch Nina
Published: October 2021

For many decades, the standard procedure to treat breast cancer included complete dissection of the axillary lymph nodes. The aim was to determine histological node status, which was then used as the basis for adjuvant therapy, and to ensure locoregional tumour control. In addition to the debate on how to optimise the therapeutic strategies of systemic treatment and radiotherapy, the current discussion focuses on improving surgical procedures to treat breast cancer. As neoadjuvant chemotherapy is becoming increasingly important, the surgical procedures used to treat breast cancer, whether they are breast surgery or axillary dissection, are changing. Based on the currently available data, carrying out SLNE prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended. In contrast, surgical axillary management after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is considered the procedure of choice for axillary staging and can range from SLNE to TAD and ALND. To reduce the rate of false negatives
during surgical staging of the axilla in pN+CNB stage before NACT and ycN0 after NACT, targeted axillary dissection (TAD), the removal of > 2 SLNs (SLNE, no untargeted axillary sampling), immunohistochemistry to detect isolated tumour cells and micro-metastases, and marking positive lymph nodes before NACT should be the standard approach. This most recent update on surgical axillary management describes the significance of isolated tumour cells and micro-metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the clinical consequences of low volume residual disease diagnosed using SLNE and TAD and provides an overview of this yearʼs AGO recommendations for surgical management of the axilla during primary surgery and in relation to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Morbus Parkinson und Restless-legs-Syndrom – ein unterschätztes Problem?
Authors: Messner Michael
Published: October 2021

Das idiopathische Parkinson-Syndrom (IPS) gehört zu den häufigsten neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen mit multiplen motorischen und nicht motorischen Symptomen. Schlafstörungen sind das häufigste nicht motorische Symptom bei Parkinson 1. Das Restless-legs-Syndrom (RLS) ist eine häufige, schlafassoziierte Bewegungsstörung. Eine Metaanalyse hat eine erhöhte Prävalenz von RLS bei IPS-Patienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollen gezeigt 3, 7, 9, 12, 21. Es gibt mittlerweile viele Hinweise, dass die IPS-RLS-Gruppe einen längeren Krankheitsverlauf, ein fortgeschrittenes Krankheitsstadium, höhere Scores motorischer Symptome, Depression, Angst, Schlafstörungen, Fatigue und Apathie sowie ein reduziertes Transferrin und Ferritin im Serum aufweisen 35. Die dopaminerge Medikation ist die effektivste Therapie des IPS und hat therapeutische Effekte auf das RLS. Wir vermuten aber auch, dass eine dopaminerge Langzeittherapie ein Risiko für die Entwicklung einer RLS-Augmentation darstellt 9. Dabei sollte immer an einen möglichen Eisenmangel gedacht werden. Die tiefe Hirnstimulation, als eine mögliche alternative Therapie, scheint bei Parkinson-Patienten mit RLS die Schlafqualität zu verbessern 24, 32.
Rauchen und Komorbidität ohne Einfluss auf geplante Zieldosis der Radio(chemo)therapie
Authors: Fazel Asita , Quabius Elgar Susanne , Fabian Alexander , Schleicher Thilo , Kress Konstantin , Laudien Martin , Huber Karen , Herzog Arved , Gonzales Donate Mireia , Hoffmann Markus
Published: October 2021

Rauchen verschlechtert die Prognose von Patienten mit HNSCC. Darüber hinaus ist Rauchen mit der Prävalenz von Ko- und Multimorbidität assoziiert, sodass angenommen wird, dass Rauchen nicht per se, sondern Ko-/Multimorbidität die Prognose durch mangelnde Compliance an die Therapie durch z. B. Dosisreduktion der geplanten Therapie verschlechtert. Allerdings sind die Daten zu diesem Thema, insbesondere für HNSCC, derzeit spärlich und widersprüchlich.

Patientenakten und Tumordokumentationen von 643 konsekutiven Fällen des Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentrums der Universitätsklinik Kiel wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Patientencharakteristiken und Rauchgewohnheiten wurden erfasst und mit Komorbiditäten und Behandlungsverlauf korreliert.

Die untersuchten 643 Patientenakten zeigen, dass 113 (17,6 %) Patient*innen nicht, 349 (54,3 %) aktiv und 180 (28 %) vormals geraucht haben. 315 (49 %) sind ausschließlich chirurgisch therapiert, 121 (18,8 %) mittels Chirurgie + adjuvanter Radio(chemo)therapie (RCT) und 72 (11,2 %) mittels Chirurgie + adjuvanter RT. 111 (17,3 %) erhielten eine primäre RCT und 24 (3,7 %) eine primäre RT. 131 (20,4 %) weisen Ko-/Multimorbidität auf und 512 (79,6 %) nicht. Rauchen (> 10 Pack Years) ist signifikant mit Komorbidität assoziiert (p = 0,002). Allerdings sind Rauchen und Komorbidität, weder allein noch in Kombination, mit dem Erreichen der Zieldosis der RCT korreliert (p > 0,05).

Wie erwartet, ist Rauchen signifikant mit Ko-/Multimorbidität verknüpft. Dosisreduktion der R(C)T ist bei aktiven Rauchern und Patienten mit Ko-/Multimorbidität ebenso häufig wie bei Nichtrauchern und Patienten ohne Ko-/Multimorbidität. Rauchen und Ko-/Multimorbidität beeinflussen demnach die Prognose auf andere Weise als durch Beeinträchtigung geplanter Therapieschemata.
2020 WHO Classification of Female Genital Tumors
Authors: Höhn Anne Kathrin , Brambs Christine E. , Hiller Grit Gesine Ruth , May Doris , Schmoeckel Elisa , Horn Lars-Christian
Published: October 2021

The 2020 WHO classification is focused on the distinction between HPV-associated and HPV-independent squamous cell carcinoma of the lower female genital organs. Differentiating according to HPV association does not replace the process of grading; however, the WHO classification does not recommend any specific grading system. VIN are also differentiated according to whether they are HPV(p16)-associated. HPV-independent adenocarcinoma (AC) of the cervix uteri has an unfavorable prognosis. Immunohistochemical p16 expression is considered to be a surrogate marker for HPV association. HPV-associated AC of the cervix uteri is determined using the prognostically relevant Silva pattern.
Wie Jugendliche mit Behinderung Sexualität erleben können
Authors: Griesel Dirk
Published: October 2021

Stellt sich im Bereich der Palliativversorgung überhaupt die Frage nach Sexualität? Durch die medizinischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten stieg die Lebenserwartung bei erkrankten und behinderten Kindern und Jugendlichen im Vergleich zu früher. Das Thema Sexualität darf in der Begleitung kein Tabuthema sein. Ziel ist es, Menschen zu sensibilisieren auf die Bedürfnisse, Wünsche und Vorstellungen der betroffenen Jugendlichen einzugehen.
Angst und Depression bei Typ-1-Diabetes – Erste Ergebnisse des Screenings auf psychische Komorbiditäten bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen im Rahmen des COACH-Konsortiums
Authors: Köstner Katharina , Geirhos Agnes , Ranz Ramona , Galler Angela , Schöttler Hanna , Klose Daniela , Feldhahn Lutz , Flury Monika , Schaaf Katja , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Meissner Thomas , Warschburger Petra , Minden Kirsten , Temming Svenja , Müller-Stierlin Annabel S. , Baumeister Harald , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: October 2021

Die interdisziplinäre Forschungskooperation COACH-Konsortium (Chronic Conditions in Adolescents – Implementation and Evaluation of Patient-centered Collaborative Healthcare) untersucht die psychosoziale Situation von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit chronischen körperlichen Erkrankungen. Zur Untersuchung der psychischen Komorbidität wurden bisher 1.023 Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 im Alter von 12–21 Jahren bei Routinevorstellungen in der Klinik bzw. Ambulanz mittels der Screening-Fragebogen Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) und Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) zu Angst- und Depressionssymptomen befragt. 29,8 % der Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen zeigten ein auffälliges Screening-Ergebnis. Dabei wurden 17,8 % der Fragebogen zu Angstsymptomen und 25,6 % der Fragebogen zu Depressionssymptomen auffällig mit Gesamtscore-Werten ≥ 7 in GAD-7 bzw. PHQ-9 beantwortet. Patienten mit erhöhten Depressions- und Angstwerten wiesen im Mittel einen deutlich höheren medianen HbA1c-Wert als Zeichen einer schlechteren Stoffwechseleinstellung auf (8,33 [8,09; 8,56]) als Patienten mit unauffälligem Screening (7,58 [7,48; 7,68]; p < 0,0001). Angesichts der hohen Prävalenz auffälliger Depressions- und Angstwerte und der Assoziation mit höheren HbA1c-Werten sollte bei allen Jugendlichen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 regelmäßig das Vorliegen psychischer Belastungen abgeklärt werden. Dies könnte eine frühzeitige Diagnose einer psychischen Komorbidität und Intervention ermöglichen. Auf der Basis der Studien im COACH-Projekt können nun evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen für die interdisziplinäre Gesundheitsversorgung von Jugendlichen mit chronischen körperlichen Erkrankungen erstellt werden, die die psychischen Komorbiditäten systematisch berücksichtigen.
Asymmetric C–H Functionalization Enabled by Pd/Chiral Phosphoric Acid Combined Catalysis
Authors: Gong Liu-Zhu , Wang Pu-Sheng
Published: October 2021

Over the past decade, the combination of chiral phosphoric acid and palladium catalysis has emerged as a robust strategy to accomplish the regio- and stereoselective functionalization of inactive C–H bonds, enabling access to various types of chirality (central, planar, and axial). This review article describes the origin and advances in the asymmetric functionalization of allylic C–H, C(sp2)–H, and C(sp3)–H bonds enabled by chiral phosphoric acid and palladium combined catalysis.

1 Introduction

2.1 Enantioselective Allylic C–H Functionalization

2.2 Enantioselective Non-allylic C(sp3)–H Functionalization

2.3 Enantioselective C(sp2)–H Functionalization

3 Conclusion
Aseptically Processed Allograft Implantation: A Safe Strategy for Knee Ligament Reconstructions
Authors: Leite Chilan B.G. , Montechi João M.N. , Camanho Gilberto L. , Gobbi Riccardo G. , Angelini Fabio J.
Published: October 2021

Postoperative infections after allograft implantation is a major concern in knee ligament reconstructions considering the theoretical risk of disease transmission and its potential severity. Here, we aimed to evaluate the postoperative infection rate after knee ligament reconstructions using aseptically processed allografts, and provide an overview of the allografts use in an academic tertiary hospital. A retrospective study was performed evaluating patients who underwent knee ligament reconstructions using aseptically processed allografts, including primary and revision surgeries, from 2005 to 2018. Demographic data, including the type of knee injury and trauma energy, and postoperative data were collected focusing on postoperative infections. Regarding these infected cases, further analyses were performed considering the presenting signs and symptoms, the isolated microorganism identified in culture, the time between graft implantation and diagnosis of infection (defined as acute, subacute, and late), and the need for graft removal. A total of 180 cases of ligament reconstructions were included. The mean follow-up was 8.2 (range: 2.1–15.6) years and the mean age at surgery was 34.1 (± 11.1) years. A total of 262 allografts were implanted in those 180 cases, 93 (35.5%) as bone plug allografts and 169 (64.5%) as soft tissue allografts. Common surgical indications included multiligament reconstruction (57.2%) and primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (15%). Seven cases (3.9%) presented postoperative infections. Knee pain (100%) and swelling (100%) were the most prevalent symptoms. Two cases (28.6%) presented sinus tract. Allografts were removed in two cases, the same cases that presented draining sinus (p = 0.04). High-energy trauma was the only statistically associated factor for infection (p = 0.04). No significant association between infection and the type of allograft (p > 0.99) or sex (p = 0.35) were observed. Four cases (57.1%) had monomicrobial staphylococcal infections. Based on that, the allograft-related infection rate was 1.7% (the remaining three infected cases). Nonirradiated, aseptically processed allografts have a low postoperative infection rate in knee ligament reconstructions, being a safe alternative for surgeries that require additional source, increased variety, and quantity of grafts.
Helmholtz Free Energy Equation of State for 3He–4He Mixtures at Temperatures Above 2.17 K
Authors: Pan Changzhao , Zhang Haiyang , Rouillé Gérard , Gao Bo , Pitre Laurent
Published: October 2021

The work presents the first wide-range equation of state (EOS) for 3He–4He mixtures based on the reduced Helmholtz free energy multi-fluid approximation model. It covers the temperature range from 2.17 to 300 K and the pressure from the vapor pressure up to 3 MPa for any given mixture 3He mole fraction. In this model, the 4He and 3He reduced Helmholtz free energy equations and departure functions from the literature are employed and only five unknown mixture parameters are needed for each given departure function. The parameters and the best model for the concerned binary mixture were determined by the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization method. With the best developed model, the liquid, gaseous, and saturated thermophysical properties of the mixture can be mostly described with an accuracy better than 5%. Furthermore, a database for the thermophysical properties of 3He–4He mixtures is generated and provided for interpolation in temperature, pressure, and 3He mole fraction. The current EOS and database can be applied to the design and optimization of ultra-low temperature refrigerators.
Deep learning-based design of broadband GHz complex and random metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Tianning , Kee Chun Yun , Ang Yee Sin , Ang L. K.
Published: October 2021

We are interested in exploring the limit in using deep learning (DL) to study the electromagnetic (EM) response for complex and random metasurfaces, without any specific applications in mind. For simplicity, we focus on a simple pure reflection problem of a broadband EM plane wave incident normally on such complex metasurfaces in the frequency regime of 2–12 GHz. In doing so, we create a DL-based framework called the metasurface design deep convolutional neural network (MSDCNN) for both forward and inverse designs of three different classes of complex metasurfaces: (a) arbitrary connecting polygons, (b) basic pattern combination, and (c) fully random binary patterns. The performance of each metasurface is evaluated and cross-benchmarked. Dependent on the type of complex metasurfaces, sample size, and DL algorithms used, the MSDCNN is able to provide good agreement and can be a faster design tool for complex metasurfaces than the traditional full-wave EM simulation methods. However, no single universal deep convolutional neural network model can work well for all metasurface classes based on detailed statistical analysis (such as mean, variance, kurtosis, and mean-squared error). Our findings report important information on the advantages and limitations of current DL models in designing these ultimately complex metasurfaces.
Extraction of giant Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction from ab initio calculations: First-order spin–orbit coupling model and methodological study
Authors: Bouammali Mohammed-Amine , Suaud Nicolas , Maurice Rémi , Guihéry Nathalie
Published: October 2021

The Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction is expected to be at the origin of interesting magnetic properties, such as multiferroicity, skyrmionic states, and exotic spin orders. Despite this, its theoretical determination is far from being established, neither from the point of view of ab initio methodologies nor from that of the extraction technique to be used afterward. Recently, a very efficient way to increase its amplitude has been demonstrated near the first-order spin–orbit coupling regime. Within the first-order regime, the anisotropic spin Hamiltonian involving the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya operator becomes inappropriate. Nevertheless, in order to approach this regime and identify the spin Hamiltonian limitations, it is necessary to characterize the underlying physics. To this end, we have developed a simple electronic and spin–orbit model describing the first-order regime and used ab initio calculations to conduct a thorough methodological study.
Nonequilibrium effects in high enthalpy gas flows expanding through nozzles
Authors: Gimelshein Sergey F. , Wysong Ingrid J.
Published: October 2021

An approach based on the direct simulation Monte Carlo method is proposed to model a core flow in a converging–diverging nozzle. The area of applicability of this approach is defined by the Boltzmann equation, which allows fully kinetic models that accurately capture thermal and chemical nonequilibrium to be applied to gas flows where the flow regime rapidly changes from continuum to transitional. The approach is validated through comparison with available experimental data. The examination of nonequilibrium and reaction rate effects for Caltech's T5 shock tunnel condition has shown little impact of nonequilibrium but demonstrated significant sensitivity of nitric oxide (NO) density to all exchange reaction and NO recombination rates. The use of the most recent theoretical and experimental rates results in a factor of two lower NO density at the nozzle exit as compared to the conventional Park rates, which indicates that re-visiting of the latter may be necessary. Multi-parametric sensitivity study of T5 conditions has not provided an explanation for a large drop in free-stream temperature and NO density over time, under constant flow velocity, observed recently in T5. Modeling of High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel Göttingen conditions has demonstrated considerable nonequilibrium between vibrational modes of N2, NO, and O2; it has also shown that the vibration–dissociation coupling strongly influences mole fractions of NO and O2.
Rovibrational structure of the ytterbium monohydroxide molecule and the P,T-violation searches
Authors: Zakharova Anna , Kurchavov Igor , Petrov Alexander
Published: October 2021

The spectrum of triatomic molecules with close rovibrational opposite parity levels is sensitive to the P,T-odd effects. This makes them a convenient platform for the experimental search of a new physics. Among the promising candidates, one may distinguish YbOH as a non-radioactive compound with a heavy atom. The energy gap between levels of opposite parity, l-doubling, is of great interest as it determines the electric field strength required for the full polarization of the molecule. Likewise, the influence of the bending and stretching modes on the sensitivities to the P,T-violation requires a thorough investigation since the measurement would be performed on the excited vibrational states. This motivates us to obtain the rovibrational nuclear wavefunctions, taking into account the anharmonicity of the potential. As a result, we get the values of Eeff and Es for the lowest excited vibrational state and determine the l-doubling.
Effect of kisspeptin-54 on ovarian levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in an experimental model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
Authors: Birinci Hülya , Vatansever Hafize Seda , Yüncü Mehmet
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of kisspeptin-54 on ovarian morphology and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) levels in an ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) rat model, which is a possible complication of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. For this purpose, immature female Sprague–Dawley rats (25 days old, 30–40 g) were randomly divided into five groups (control, sham, OHSS model, short-term kisspeptin-54 administered OHSS model and long-term kisspeptin-54 administered OHSS model). Serum LH and FSH levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR were performed for VEGF, PEDF, PKA and PKC in ovaries and granulosa cells, respectively. It was observed that there was dilatation in fallopian tubes and an abnormal increase in ovarian weight and volume in the OHSS group, and these morphologies decreased with kisspeptin-54 treatment. After the administration of kisspeptin-54 in the OHSS group, VEGF, PKA and PKC levels reduced and PEDF levels increased in both mRNA and protein levels. It was determined that in the OHSS model, VEGF increased as PEDF decreased, and kisspeptin-54 reduced the effects of OHSS. It was determined that long-term kisspeptin-54 treatment was more effective than short-term administration. It is considered that kisspeptin-54 is an agent that protects ovarian reserve and oocyte maturation in women at risk of OHSS.
Human islet T cells are highly reactive to preproinsulin in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Anderson Amanda M. , Landry Laurie G. , Alkanani Aimon A. , Pyle Laura , Powers Alvin C. , Atkinson Mark A. , Mathews Clayton E. , Roep Bart O. , Michels Aaron W. , Nakayama Maki
Published: October 2021

Significance

Insulin is a major self-antigen in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and as such, insulin-based immunotherapies have been trialed to treat the underlying autoimmunity but with minimal clinical benefit. Here, we comprehensively assessed reactivity to insulin and its precursor, preproinsulin, by CD8 T cells obtained from the pancreatic islets of organ donors with and without T1D. CD8 T cells highly reactive to peptides throughout the entire preproinsulin protein were only found in T1D donors at varying frequencies. Our results suggest considering the use of preproinsulin rather than just insulin for intervention immunotherapies and have important implications for identifying individuals that may respond to antigen-specific therapies designed to treat autoimmune disorders.
Spillover, hybridization, and persistence in schistosome transmission dynamics at the human–animal interface
Authors: Borlase Anna , Rudge James W. , Léger Elsa , Diouf Nicolas D. , Fall Cheikh B. , Diop Samba D. , Catalano Stefano , Sène Mariama , Webster Joanne P.
Published: October 2021

Significance

The threat to public health that is presented by zoonotic spillover of pathogens from animal reservoirs is predicted to increase with rapid anthropogenic changes and global trends such as migration and changing land use. Schistosomiasis currently infects more than 220 million people worldwide, and the multihostSchistosomaspp. system within Africa is a key example of where spillover of animal parasites into human populations has enabled the formation of viable hybrid parasite genotypes. Our study demonstrates how zoonotic spillover and complex interactions between pathogen species, such as parasite hybridization, may have implications such as resilience to current disease control strategies and may facilitate the spread of tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis beyond their original geographical boundaries.
“If an astronaut were on the moon…”
Authors: Myrset Anders , Savić Milica
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is two-fold: firstly, to provide an overview of the methods used to elicit metapragmatic data in research with young language learners through a systematic review; and secondly, to present three data collection techniques designed and used in two research projects conducted by the authors, and examine their affordances for eliciting metapragmatic data. The systematic review revealed that data elicitation techniques employed in metapragmatics research with children closely reflected those widely employed in research with (young) adults (Culpeper, Mackey & Taguchi, 2018). Against this backdrop, the paper presents three elicitation techniques, developed based on the literature on the methodological considerations for conducting research with children (e.g. O’Kane, 2008; Pinter, 2014; Punch, 2002a, 2002b): the Emoticon task, the Ranking circle, and Readers Theatre. After describing the techniques and presenting the metapragmatic discussions elicited through them, the paper calls for the inclusion of innovative, participant-friendly methods in interlanguage pragmatics research focusing on children’s metapragmatic awareness.
Variation and contact-induced change in Javanese phonology among multilingual children in Indonesia
Authors: Zen Evynurul Laily , Starr Rebecca Lurie
Published: October 2021

As Indonesian becomes more dominant in Indonesia, regional heritage languages, such as Javanese, may be increasingly influenced by phonological transfer. The extent of these effects may depend upon a speaker’s region and social background, as well as age of acquisition and proficiency in various languages. This study investigates the impact of these factors on the Javanese production among multilingual children in East Java. Specifically, we analyze the distinction between dental and retroflex coronal stops (/t̪/ /d̪̥ /, /ʈ/, /ɖ̥/), which phonemically contrast in Javanese, but not in Indonesian. The data were elicited from 95 children in Malang, a large urban center, and Blitar, a smaller city. The findings indicate that Javanese is shifting to a two-way contrast comparable to that of Indonesian; female and Malang speakers lead in this change. These findings highlight the significance of social factors in children’s language acquisition, and illustrate ongoing changes in Javanese.
Variation in Ampenan Sasak pronominal forms
Authors: Khairunnisa
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the variation of pronominal forms in Sasak, an Austronesian language spoken in eastern Indonesia. The study marks the first variationist sociolinguistic work on Sasak. Using data from eight conversations between 15 non-noble speakers, pronominal forms were coded for whether they were realized as a free pronoun or a clitic. Further, the discourse was examined to identify the referents and to observe the pragmatic effect of the forms used. The results show clitics dominate the distribution. Further, the results demonstrate that a higher percentage of clitics are preferred with the basic form for first person referents, but speakers apply a different strategy for second person referents; speakers use first person plural and third person singular forms to address their interlocutor when triggered by a Face Threatening Act (see Brown & Levinson, 1987).
Gender, mobility and contact
Authors: Travis Catherine E. , Ghina Inas
Published: October 2021

We examine variation in a rural variety of Acehnese spoken in Aceh Province, to better understand the impact of
long-term contact with Indonesian and increasing urbanization. The Great Aceh variety is characterized by variable realization of
word-final (t) as a dental vs. glottal stop. Analyses of over 2,000 tokens of this variable from a corpus of spontaneous speech
from 35 speakers indicate that the variability is relatively stable among men, and among women of high mobility, measured in terms
of education, occupation, and time spent outside Great Aceh. Women with low mobility produce the lowest rates of [t̪], and in this
group we observe a higher rate of [t̪] by younger than older women, suggesting change over time. We thus find both stability –
among those who have long enjoyed high levels of mobility – and change – among those most affected by recent social changes,
namely low-mobility women.
Voice onset time and vowel quality in Madurese
Authors: Misnadin
Published: October 2021

Madurese exhibits a three-way laryngeal contrast in its plosive inventory, distinguishing voiced, voiceless
unaspirated, and voiceless aspirated plosives. Previous studies have investigated some acoustic characteristics of the contrast
but have not examined possible dialectal variation in this contrast. The present study aims to discuss the contrast by examining
Voice Onset Time (VOT) and vowel quality (F1). Twenty participants (10 Western Madurese speakers and 10 Eastern Madurese speakers)
were recruited and instructed to read 150 Madurese words containing plosives. The results showed that an interaction of dialect
and gender were significantly correlated with VOT: male Western Madurese speakers produced shorter VOT for voiced and voiceless
aspirated plosives than their Eastern counterparts. There was also variation in F1 between gender across dialects: male Western
Madurese speakers produced [ə] with a lower F1 than their Eastern counterparts. It was suggested that the variation was possibly
due to language contact with Javanese.
Jakarta Indonesian first-person singular pronouns
Authors: Abtahian Maya Ravindranath , Cohn Abigail C. , Djenar Dwi Noverini , Vogel Rachel C.
Published: October 2021

Jakarta Indonesian is a colloquial variety of Indonesian spoken primarily in Indonesia’s capital, where it was originally a contact variety between Betawi, the local variety of Malay, and Standard Indonesian. Like other varieties of Indonesian, Jakarta Indonesian is a language with a relatively open system of pronominal reference and multiple forms for self-reference. In this paper we focus on variation in the use of first-person pronouns in Jakarta Indonesian, using two corpora of spoken data collected three decades apart. We employ both quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the form, function and social meaning of 1sg pronouns in Jakarta Indonesian, investigating both inter- and intra-speaker variation over time.
Frameshifting
Authors: Knoblock Natalia
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the cognitive-linguistic technique of frameshifting and its potential for deliberate impoliteness in antagonistic politically charged discourse. Frameshifting involves the construction of utterances in such a way that their comprehension involves two stages: the reader is first led to invoke one mental frame and then is forced to discard it and to invoke a different frame, with the final message being deliberately insulting. The article demonstrates that frameshifting, which has been studied predominantly in humorous discourse, can also be used in aggressive communication to intensify the insulting potential of utterances and to simultaneously increase prominence and memorability of the message. The article argues that the effects of impoliteness can depend on the manner of expression, and if the speaker chooses a particularly innovative and conspicuously intentional means of expression, the intent to insult comes to the forefront, the insulting meaning is amplified, and the resulting negative message is strengthened.