bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manejo de la sombra asociado a la restricción del pastoreo: efecto sobre el comportamiento y performance estival de vacunos
Authors: Beretta Virginia , Simeone Álvaro , Bentancur Oscar
Published: February 2021

Se evalúo el efecto de la sombra asociado a la restricción en el tiempo de acceso al pastoreo sobre la performance animal y conducta en pastoreo durante el período estival. Treinta y dos novillos Hereford (313,2 ± 36,2 kg) fueron asignados al azar a dos manejos de pastoreo sobre praderas, en dos veranos consecutivos: pastoreo restringido (PR, entre las 10:00 y las 17:00 h los animales eran retirados de la pastura para un corral con sombra); o pastoreo libre (PL, los animales permanecían en la parcela, sin acceso a sombra). Parcelas independientes por tratamiento fueron pastoreadas en franjas diarias con una oferta de forraje de 6 kg MS/ 100 kg peso vivo (PV). El manejo PR mejoró la ganancia de PV (0,875 vs. 0,998 kg/día; P=0,0197) sin afectar el consumo ni la selectividad (P>0,10). La actividad de pastoreo fue mayor en PR (P<0,001) en perjuicio de las actividades de rumia y descanso (P><0,01), pero sin diferencias en la tasa de bocado (P>0,10) con relación a PL. Esta respuesta habría contribuido a mantener el consumo estable a pesar del menor tiempo de acceso a la pastura. Una reducción estimada de 27,3% en las exigencias de EMm, explicaría la mejora en el balance energético en PR con relación al PL.
PARAGENESES OF ORE ELEMENTS IN CARBONATE ROCKS JUNCTION ZONE DONBASS AZOV BLOCK UKRAINIAN SHIELD
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Repina Ksenia
Published: February 2021

Purpose. Study geochemical composition and parageneses ore elements in carbonate rocks articulation zones Pryazovskyi crystalline array Donetsk folded structure. Methodology. Complex statistical methods used SPSS / v19.0 for Windows package – namely, correlation and cluster analysis in determining the parageneses of ore elements in carbonate rocks. Results. The article studies carbonate rocks in which ore occurrences and areas of secondary mineralization distribution were previously established. Statistical data processing of semi-quantitative spectral analysis of samples was carried out. The statistical characteristics of the distribution of ore elements in primary carbonate (limestone, dolomite) and karst zones rocks are determined. An increase in the coefficients of variation and concentration of ore elements in karst formations has been established. It is concluded that an increase in the permeability of carbonate rocks in leaching zones is accompanied by the activation of hydrothermal-metasomatic reactions and contributes to the localization of ore occurrences of secondary mineralization (fluorite, quartz, sulfides). Leaching zones, next to zones of tectonic disturbances, served as the leading channels for hydrothermal solutions, under the influence of which substitution reactions of the main cations of carbonate rocks by ore element cations took place. Repeated activation of hydrothermal processes led to the formation of mudstones. Tectonic dislocations were accompanied by the formation of low-temperature associations of hydrothermal minerals. There are the higher-temperature associations of hydrothermal minerals in carbonate rocks on the areas of andesite-trachyandesite complexes igneous rocks distribution. Scientific novelty. It was established for the first time that the ore occurrences of the Donbass Junction Zone with the Priazovsky block of the Ukrainian Shield can be attributed to the hydrothermal mudstone formation, and their localization is determined by the presence of decompression zones in carbonate rocks. Practical significance. The regularities established can be used to predict leaching zones in carbonate rocks, where there is a decrease in the quality of carbonate raw materials. Key words: Associations of ore elements, concentration coefficients, hydrothermal mineralization, leaching zones, tectonic dislocations, mudstone formation.
DEFINITION OF MAIN CRITERIA FOR EFFICIENT OPERATION OF DEGASSING WELLS
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Merzlikin Artem , Nazimko Victor
Published: February 2021

Purpose. Research and substantiation of the main criteria for sustainable and efficient operation of degassing wells. Methodology. In the work, the method of mine observations was used to study the geomechanical state of the rock mass around the development workings and the operating long working face. Results. The directions and magnitudes of tangential deformations in the rock mass following the movement of the working face are investigated to ensure the safety of the section of the degassing well. It has been found that with an inclined wellbore, the diameter in the direction of inclination increases inversely to the value of the cosine of the inclination angle. It is justified to ensure the safety of the well section in the area of ​​intense tangential deformations of the massif and its efficiency in general, by choosing a sufficient diameter of the well degassing and its angle of inclination to the bedding plane. Originality. The main four criteria of stable and efficient operation of the degassing well have been determined and substantiated, which take into account the outrageous deformations of the massif, the limiting level of rock pressure, the value of concentrated displacement and radial displacement of rocks around the development workings from which degassing wells were drilled. It was found that with a decrease in the diameter of the borehole degassing section by an amount not exceeding the borehole radius, the local aerodynamic resistance in the narrowing section increases insignificantly. However, the further section of the wellbore increases its aerodynamic drag abruptly, and the well flow rate decreases many times. Practical value. Based on the formulated criteria and the identified factors, it is planned to develop measures to ensure the stability of the degassing wellbore and the efficiency of its functioning. Key words: degassing; risk; well deformation.
ABOUT EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS OF VERTICAL SHAFTS SINKING TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Levit Viktor , Kamenets Viacheslav , Mukomel Yuriy
Published: February 2021

Purpose. Analysis of production experience, scientific and technical developments and assessment of the prospects for the application and development of technologies for the construction of vertical shafts in Ukraine in the context of the need to restore the coal mining industry to preserve the energy independence of the state. Methodology. The methods of analysis of the accumulated production experience of shaft sinking in Ukraine, in the post-Soviet space and in the leading mining countries, as well as scientific and technical literature were used. Results. The classification of technologies and methods of vertical shaft sinking is considered and supplemented, technological schemes and equipment used and promising for Ukraine for the construction of shafts by conventional and special methods are analyzed, the production experience of the Donetskshakhtoprokhodka and Spetsshakhtobureniie trusts is generalized from the point of view of applicability in the construction of shafts of block No. 12 of PJSC Shakhtopravlenie Pokrovskoe”. The possibility of using a modified parallel technological scheme of shaft sinking has been substantiated. The prospects of mechanized shaft sinking in Ukraine – by drilling and with the use of shaft-sinking machines – are assessed. The characteristics of the conditions for the construction and operation of shaft lining, the final element of the shaft, as a structure and functional complex are given. Variants of combined lining, including those with the use of fiber-reinforced concrete, are considered. Scientific novelty. The results of the analysis of technological schemes and methods of vertical shafts sinking, accumulated production experience and scientific and technical developments are generalized, trends and prospects for the development of technologies are considered. Practical value. The analysis of technological schemes and methods of sinking vertical shafts was carried out on the basis of domestic and foreign production experience. Key words: vertical shaft, sinking technology, shaft sinking flow chart, drilling and blasting operations, shafts drilling, shaft-sinking machine.
METHODOLOGY ENSURING BALANCED DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF COMPLIMENTARILY
Authors: KARPINSKA A.V.
Published: February 2021

Topicality. The one main task of Ukrainian industrial enterprises is to increase their efficiency and balanced development. That task encourages industrial entrepreneurs to constantly search for reserves and ways to improve efficiency use resources under their control. Essence problem ensuring balanced development of industrial enterprises is it balanced development is still a complex process that is achieved through continuous provision of expanded reproduction productive capital, which cannot be done without realizing need for complimentarily use available reserves in financial, material and innovation subsystems.

Aim and tasks. The aim of article is researched and developed methodology ensuring the balanced development of an industrial enterprise on the principles of complimentarily.
Research results. Author presents the results study on the definition of the categorical apparatus, functions, principles and methodological approaches methodology balanced development of the industrial enterprise on the principles of complimentarily.
Conclusion. Any industrial enterprise is a production socio-economic system. Ensuring the balanced development of this system is not possible without compliance with the principles of complimentarily - the basic rules that allow reproduction expanded production capital of industrial enterprises and are manifested in coherence, complimentarily, interaction and interdependence of financial, material, labor and innovation components. Balanced development of an industrial enterprise, in contrast to equilibrium functioning and stable development, is a process of successive change of states of this system, each of which is better than the previous one in such interdependent, interacting, complementary and coordinated financial, material, labor and innovation components to ensure the continuity of expanded reproduction of its productive capital. Complimentarily in context balanced development involves use of reserves, rather than the potential of one component of the industrial enterprise other component, which focuses on the absolute use of the whole system to maximize the implementation of balanced development (achieving expanded reproduction).
Dr Eric L. Friedland z’l
Authors: Goldstein Andrew
Published: February 2021

Eric Friedland was born in New York City in 1941. Soon after birth it was found he had defective hearing and his mother faced hardship as his father left home six months later. His mother moved to Boston to be near relatives. She made the decision that Eric would not learn sign language as she said this would destine him to move largely among deaf people. Instead he became proficient in lip reading. Initially he did go to a school for the hearing impaired, but his life took off when he moved to Hebrew Teachers College in Boston. Here was founded his deep and wide Jewish knowledge, as all lessons were taught in Hebrew. He graduated from Brookline High School in 1957 and from Boston University in 1960.
Rabbi Neil Kraft z’l
Authors: Smith Daniel
Published: February 2021

There was a huge outpouring of grief when Rabbi Neil Kraft passed away a week before his retirement was due. A spokesperson for the synagogue described Neil as the ‘People’s Rabbi’. Neil was very popular and many expressed their sense of personal loss. A large number of individuals and families used similar adjectives to describe his warmth and humour, care and kindness. He was a man of integrity and kept his word. He was deeply faithful both in his religious life and in his relations with others.
The history of neurosurgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center
Authors: Torell Erin J. , Pistone Tyler S. , Gard Andrew P.
Published: February 2021

The Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center has grown considerably from one neurosurgeon in 1923 into a first-class department with diverse subspecialty care and innovative faculty. Founding neurosurgeon Dr. J. Jay Keegan, a student of Harvey Cushing, instituted a legacy of clinical and research excellence that he passed on to his successors. The department created a lecture series to honor Keegan’s pioneering techniques and impact in the field, featuring prominent neurosurgeons from across the country. Keegan’s successors, such as Dr. Lyal Leibrock, grew the department through a unique partnership with private practice. The current faculty has continued the tradition of exceptional resident training and innovative patient care.
Het effect van een rookvrije GGZ
Authors:   Centrum Dubbele Problematiek Fivoor Den Haag/Rotterdam, Neven Arjen , Noordraven Ernst , Bonebakker Annette
Published: February 2021

GGZ Nederland heeft in 2017 een intentieverklaring ondertekend waarin staat dat alle GGZ instellingen rookvrij moeten worden. Naast verschillende praktische bezwaren is het de vraag of een rookvrije GGZ en verslavingszorg patiënten helpen om duurzaam abstinent van tabak te worden. In dit artikel worden verschillende studies beschreven waarin dit is onderzocht. De resultaten van de studies laten over het algemeen nauwelijks effect zien van een rookvrije instelling op het stoppen met roken. In de meeste onderzoeken resulteert een rookvrije GGZ instelling of verslavingszorginstelling niet in een hoger percentage abstinentie na opname. De geïncludeerde studies laten een heterogeen beeld zien wat betreft de verschillende gebruikte methoden. Deze grote heterogeniteit maakt het moeilijk om conclusies te trekken over de effectiviteit van verschillende interventies ter vermindering van rookgedrag.
Получение наночастиц гидроксиапатита из естественных зубов
Authors: Мирджалили Фатемех , Навбазам Алиреза , Саманизаде Нина
Published: February 2021

Hydroxyapatite is the most important bio ceramic, due to its structure and chemical composition which is similar to bone and teeth. In this study, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were prepared from natural teeth in two stages. Initially, the nano HA particles was performed by whole tooth and in the second stage, the tooth was divided into dentine and root and HA nanoparticles were prepared from both portions of teeth. At first, freshly extracted human teeth both (whole tooth and dentine and root) were calcined at 850 °C and then, the effects of stirring time, surfactant and different temperatures were investigated. The XRD results confirmed that, the existence of hydroxyapatite phase in all samples. The phosphate bonding groups of PO43- at 1470 cm-1 and 669 cm-1 was confirmed by FTIR results. The FESEM results showed that, hydroxyapatite nano particle with the range of 29–46 nm at stirring time of 36 h with the addition of CTAB as a surfactant at 850 °C was obtained without agglomeration and good dispersion.
Synthesis and optical properties of AgInS2 nanoparticles
Authors: Gelchuk Y. , Boreiko O. , Okrepka G. , Khalavka Yu.
Published: February 2021

Ternary chalcogenide Ag-In quantum dots (QDs) are more environmentally friendly than known Cd-, Pb- and P-containing nanoparticles. Here we review the literature on colloidal synthesis methods, properties, and promising fields for the application of AgInS2 quantum dots.

Similar to the QDs of lead and cadmium chalcogenides, the most accurate control over the structure and morphology of AgInS2 QDs is achieved by using the method of introducing precursors into high-boiling organic solvents. However, to realize the potential applications of ternary quantum dots, in particular as luminescent biomarkers, the quantum dots must be soluble in polar solvents, especially water. The transfer of quantum dots into aqueous solutions is usually accomplished by exchanging primary lyophilic ligands with smaller bifunctional molecules, such as thioglycolic (or mercapto­propionic) acids, which can passivate the surface of the quantum dots while making them soluble in the polar environment.

Methods of colloidal synthesis of AgInS2 / ZnS quantum dots can be classified into the following types:

Injection of ions into a high-boiling solvent
Synthesis in a mixture of solvents
Synthesis in the aquatic environment
Methods for the synthesis of AgInS2 QDs in both aqueous solution and organic solvent medium are described. Examples of application of quantum dots for biomedical purposes and in photovoltaic and sensory devices are given. Quantum dots have high photostability and brightness, are characterized by a wide range of absorption and narrow spectral bands of radiation, ie meet most of the criteria for fluorescent materials and biosensors for imaging cancer cells in antitumor therapy, immunofluorescent labeling of proteins, detection of toxins s, visualize intracellular structures, etc.

Quantum dots of tertiary chalcogenides, in particular CuInS2 and AgInS2, may be an alternative to quantum dots of binary lead and cadmium chalcogenides for use in light-emitting and light-absorbing systems, such as LEDs, sensors and solar absorbers.
Lives de festas nos tempos da COVID-19: arranjos, vínculos e performances
Authors: Silva Patrícia , Lima Danillo Mota , Couto Edvaldo Souza
Published: February 2021

Com a pandemia da Covid-19 fomos estimulados por governos e profissionais de saúde a ficar em casa, em isolamento físico. Para as pessoas conectadas o isolamento físico não significa isolamento social. Nossas experiências ciberculturais são repletas de redes sociotécnicas que reconstroem e impulsionam a nossa vida social, sobretudo no contexto da pandemia, por meio, por exemplo, do fenômeno das lives.  Nesse contexto, o objetivo do artigo é analisar arranjos, vínculos e narrativas gerados a partir das performances humanas e não-humanas em uma live de uma festa virtual. O argumento central é que a live é uma pedagogia cultural que nos orienta a festejar a vida, cuidar do corpo, explorar outras possibilidades para a paquera e a sexualidade online, ao mesmo tempo em que continuamos a defender nossas pautas políticas e ativistas. O método usado foi o da pesquisa pós-qualitativa, por meio da estratégia da observação participante. Concluímos que as lives rapidamente se popularizaram como redes sociotécnicas dinâmicas, repletas de pedagogias culturais que nos ajudam a organizar a vida social em meio ao isolamento físico e que a live da festa da resistência, com suas performances celebradas, mostra que reinventamos o social, agora na esfera do online, promovendo diversos hibridismos.
Narrativas de professoras sobre a pandemia e a educação: um olhar hermenêutico-fenomenológico das experiências docentes
Authors: Silva Rebeca Machado Oliveira da , Sitja Liege Maria Queiroz
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo objetiva compreender as narrativas de professoras sobre a pandemia e a educação, à luz da hermenêutica fenomenológica, através das experiências docentes. As experiências são elucidadas aqui como acontecimentos que mobilizam sentidos existenciais e formativos. Através de duas entrevistas narrativas, gravadas em áudio e transcritas, as interpretações caminharão como aberturas para perceber/sentir a docência e suas experiências. Como percurso metodológico optou-se pela análise de dados por via da hermenêutica fenomenológica com inspiração biográfica por entender que o fenômeno da pandemia e suas repercussões na educação é melhor compreendido quando se passa a dar voz ao professor e aos sentidos que emanam do seu próprio trabalho. Heidegger (1998) nos ajudará com sua filosofia elucidando os processos de interpretação e compreensão das narrativas e experiências das professoras. É possível dizer que as entrevistas narrativas foram aberturas fecundas e cada professora ao pensar sobre sua experiência, movimentou conhecimentos e saberes multirreferenciais.
Formação continuada de professores de educação física no programa de residência docente
Authors: Molinário Fábio Jorge de Souza , Terra Dinah Vasconcellos
Published: February 2021

A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o conhecimento profissional estabelecido entre professores experientes e iniciantes no Programa de Residência Docente (PRD) do Colégio Pedro II. As pesquisas apontam que o início da carreira apresenta dilemas e dificuldades para o professor iniciante, o mesmo encontra-se inseguro, ansioso e carregado por inúmeras informações que lhes são apresentadas na formação inicial. A literatura investigada destaca a necessidade de políticas que colaborem com essa entrada na carreira, na perspectiva de apoiar a permanência do professor no campo profissional, deste modo, para orientar nossa investigação, apostamos na história oral de vida articulada à história oral temática, com entrevista e textualização no formato de narrativa. Estas revelam que um dos espaços propícios para a associação do conhecimento profissional aconteceram no reconhecimento do exercício do trabalho e nas circunstâncias vivenciadas nas distintas realidades, condições estruturais, sociais e econômicas. Estas ao serem dialogadas com professores experientes criam dispositivos de reflexão e análise colaborando para uma formação mais aprofundada
Narrativas autobiográficas em educação: percepções de uma professora-mãe sobre o autismo
Authors: Souza Simone de Paula Rocha , Willims Elni Eliza
Published: February 2021

Este texto é fruto de uma pesquisa de Mestrado defendida em 2019 no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (PPGEdu), Campus de Rondonópolis. O objetivo é narrar, de forma reflexiva e sensível, experiências de uma professora e mãe de uma criança com autismo, Geovanna, desde seu nascimento até os seis anos de idade, período em que finaliza o estudo. Apoia-se metodológica e epistemologicamente nas narrativas autobiográficas da professora e mãe da criança autista. O suporte teórico da fenomenologia de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, além das contribuições sobre Educação de Sensibilidade de Marcos Ferreira-Santos e Rogério de Almeida permitem abordar as vicissitudes diante dos diagnósticos médicos contraditórios, os desafios da inclusão escolar, os processos terapêuticos e o brincar dessa criança. De forma conclusiva aponta para a necessidade de acreditar no potencial da pessoa autista em sua diferença, pois mesmo tendo outra forma de ser e estar no mundo, é uma pessoa que pode ir além daquilo que se espera.
Educação ambiental nos cursos de licenciatura: atendimento aos objetivos fundamentais da PNEA na formação de professores
Authors: Portela Josildo Lima , Lima Maria Divina Ferreira
Published: February 2021

Este artigo é produto de uma dissertação de mestrado que versa sobre o atendimento as determinações da Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental – PNEA pelos cursos de formação de professores para a educação básica. Neste recorte objetiva-se refletir quanto ao atendimento aos objetivos fundamentais da PNEA, nos cursos de formação inicial de professores, mais especificamente em relação a formação para a compreensão integrada dos problemas ambientais, a formação da consciência crítica e ao incentivo e participação individual e coletiva, permanente e responsável na preservação do equilíbrio do meio ambiente. A metodologia adotada é de natureza qualitativa, cuja produção de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas com oito professores que abordam a temática ambiental nas disciplinas que ministram nos cursos de licenciatura da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella. Com base na análise realizada a partir dos dados empíricos produzidos, percebe-se que existem lacunas na formação de professores quanto ao atendimento aos objetivos fundamentais da PNEA, mas podemos vislumbrar iniciativas pontuais. Cabe ainda destacar que a reflexão oportunizada aos professores formadores quanto à questão da formação ambiental dos futuros professores, constituiu um momento formativo e de avaliação crítica sobre a abordagem ambiental nas disciplinas sob a sua responsabilidade, bem como nos cursos de formação de professores aos quais estão vinculados.
A cruel pedagogia do vírus
Authors: Braga Junior Francisco Varder
Published: February 2021

A cruel Pedagogia do vírus, traz de forma reflexiva e oportuna, para o momento em que vivemos, narrativas contemporâneas e resgates históricos que nos levam a habitar outros tempos e espaços, para entendermos melhor a constituição dessa e de outras pandemias que tem nos assolados nos últimos tempos, tomando como análise crítica uma das matrizes de inteligibilidade do capitalismo, o neoliberalismo. É um livro-convite à vida que nos leva a refletir sobre nossos comportamentos e relações, abrindo possiblidades para uma nova “normalidade”.
Sistematización de experiencias en TDAH: Dinámica relacional, hábitos familiares disfuncionales y percepción del síntoma
Authors: Patiño-De Los Ríos Iván Darío , Martínez-Patiño Andrés Felipe
Published: February 2021

La investigación tuvo como finalidad, reconocer algunos factores, patrones relacionales y hábitos que la familia objeto de investigación había adoptado en su cotidianidad y que hacían que el síntoma de su hijo se mantuviera; y, una vez identificados, fueron comprendidos y modificados a través de las intervenciones y asesorías del psicólogo.La experiencia se realizó a través de un estudio de caso único, con una familia del Colegio Filipense, en once sesiones, siete de las cuales fueron con los padres de familia, y cuatro con el sujeto que presentaba el síntoma. La metodología se enmarcó desde un paradigma metodológico cualitativo, siguiendo un enfoque interpretativo y tipo de sistematización de experiencias. Los resultados permitieron dar cuenta de varios elementos que, al interior de la familia, se habían convertido en disfuncionales y que generaban la mantención del síntoma mediante sus interacciones, entre ellos: pautas de crianza, desautorizaciones y sobreprotección.
Online Personalised Training in Memory Strategies for Everyday (OPTIMiSE) Program for Older Adults with Cognitive Concerns: Pilot Study Protocol
Authors: Pike Kerryn E. , Moller Carl I. , Bryant Christina , Farrow Maree , Dao Duy P. , Ellis Kathryn A.
Published: February 2021

Memory interventions for older adults with cognitive concerns result in improved memory performance and maintenance of cognitive health. These programs are typically delivered face-to-face, which is resource intensive and creates access barriers, particularly for those with reduced mobility, limited transportation, and living in rural or remote areas. The COVID-19 pandemic has created an additional access barrier, given the increased risk this disease poses to older adults. Internet-based interventions seek to overcome these barriers. This paper describes the protocol of a pilot study that aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of one such internet-based intervention: the Online Personalised Training in Memory Strategies for Everyday (OPTIMiSE) program. OPTIMiSE focuses on improving knowledge regarding memory and providing training in effective memory strategies for everyday life. The pilot study described in this protocol will be a single-arm pre-post study of 8 weeks duration, with a single maintenance session 3 months post-intervention. Participants will be Australian adults aged ≥60 years reporting cognitive changes compared with 10 years ago. Primary outcome measures will address feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy. Secondary outcome measures assessing sense of community and self-efficacy will be administered at the 8-week and 3-month timepoints. Data collection will conclude mid-2021, and results will be presented in a subsequent publication. Translation of memory interventions to internet-based delivery has the potential to remove many access barriers for older adults; however, the acceptability and feasibility of this modality needs investigation. OPTIMiSE is the initial step in what could be an important program enabling access to an evidence-based memory intervention for older adults worldwide.

Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12620000979954
Amyloid-β Oligomers Induce Only Mild Changes to Inhibitory Bouton Dynamics
Authors: Ruiter Marvin , Lützkendorf Christine , Liang Jian , Wierenga Corette J.
Published: February 2021

The amyloid-β protein precursor is highly expressed in a subset of inhibitory neuron in the hippocampus, and inhibitory neurons have been suggested to play an important role in early Alzheimer’s disease plaque load. Here we investigated bouton dynamics in axons of hippocampal interneurons in two independent amyloidosis models. Short-term (24 h) amyloid-β (Aβ)-oligomer application to organotypic hippocampal slices slightly increased inhibitory bouton dynamics, but bouton density and dynamics were unchanged in hippocampus slices of young-adult App NL -  F -  G-mice, in which Aβ levels are chronically elevated. These results indicate that loss or defective adaptation of inhibitory synapses are not a major contribution to Aβ-induced hyperexcitability.
Betahydroxybutyrate Consumption in Autopsy Brain Tissue from Alzheimer’s Disease Subjects
Authors: Swerdlow Russell H. , de Leon Mony J. , Marcus David L.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) features perturbed brain glucose utilization, which could contribute to brain bioenergetic failure. This led some to consider using ketone bodies to enhance AD brain bioenergetics and treat AD.

Objective:

We evaluated the rate at which brain homogenates from persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) metabolize D-β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB).

Methods:

We homogenized pieces of temporal cortex from frozen autopsy brains obtained from recently deceased AD subjects ( n = 4), and age-matched subjects that did not have clinical AD ( n = 3). Measuring the rate of CO2 production that followed the introduction of radiolabeled BHB to the homogenates yielded a BHB utilization rate.

Results:

Compared to the control homogenates, the BHB-supported CO2 production rate was 66%lower in the AD homogenates ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

AD brains can utilize BHB, albeit less robustly than control brains. In conjunction with a previous study that demonstrated reduced glucose utilization in AD brain homogenates, our BHB data provide further evidence of AD brain mitochondrial dysfunction or altered mitochondrial biology.
Jordan: Developing a Model for the Governance of Arab Family Companies and Their Legislation
Authors: Nasereddin Yacoub Adel , Nasereddin Tamara Yacoub
Published: February 2021

The current research aimed to develop a model for the governance of Arab family companies and their legislation, which could contribute to the interconnection between the vision and the structures of supervision and control, and reduce conflicts, and duplication of decision-making and performance. This is an attempt to address the problems faced by Arab family companies, namely the ambiguity of roles, overlapping tasks, lack of discipline and reflection of family problems on the performance and growth of the company due to the absence of a structure for the governance of these companies. The research used survey methods and a literature review to gather opinions and make comparisons and simulations, in order to extract indicators and evidence from them. The research concluded with the development of a model of corporate governance that seeks to unify the components of the various models and their indicators within a single model to avoid the defects in these models and benefit from their advantages and make all practices understandable, easy to implement and review. This article summarises the research and its recommendations to address the various challenges discussed.
Modifiable Barriers for Recruitment and Retention of Older Adults Participants from Underrepresented Minorities in Alzheimer’s Disease Research
Authors: Indorewalla Khushnoo K. , O’Connor Maureen K. , Budson Andrew E. , Guess (DiTerlizzi) Christina , Jackson Jonathan
Published: February 2021

Clinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) trials currently face a critical shortfall of thousands of eligible participants, which inflates the duration and cost of the clinical study as well as threatens the scientific merit of promising clinical interventions. This recruitment crisis is further compounded by the fact that underrepresented and marginalized populations—particularly those identifying as a racial or ethnic minority, those with low socioeconomic status, or living in rural areas—have been historically underrepresented in ongoing AD clinical trials despite overwhelming evidence that such populations are at increased risk for developing dementia. As a result of various recruitment barriers, current AD clinical studies frequently reflect a decreasingly representative segment of the US population, which threatens the overall generalizability of these findings. The current narrative review provides an updated examination and critique of common recruitment barriers and potential solutions, as well as a discussion of theoretical approaches that may address barriers disproportionately experienced by underrepresented communities. AD clinical researchers are encouraged to take purposive action aimed at increasing diversity of enrolled AD clinical trial cohorts by actively identifying and quantifying barriers to research participation—especially recruitment barriers and health disparities that disproportionately prevent underrepresented and marginalized populations from participating in research. Furthermore, researchers are encouraged to closely track which individuals who express interest in AD research ultimately enroll in research studies to examine whether AD research participation is appropriately representative of the intended population for whom these new and novel AD interventions are being designed.
Alzheimer-Associated Neuronal Thread Protein: Research Course and Prospects for the Future
Authors: Jin He , Wang Rong
Published: February 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. With aging societies, the prevalence of AD is increasing dramatically worldwide. The onset of AD is often not identified, and currently no available treatments are capable of stopping the disease process and its effect on cognitive decline. Thus, well-validated biomarkers of the preclinical stages of AD are needed. Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) is a member of the neuronal thread protein family and has a molecular weight of approximately 41 kD. AD7c-NTP has been identified as a biomarker for its specifically elevated levels in putative brain domains, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the urine of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Since the urine test is non-invasive, easy to perform, and patients accept it more easily than other methods, the urinary AD7c-NTP concentration has been recommended as a practical diagnostic tool for diagnosing AD and MCI. AD7c-NTP has undergone nearly 25 years of research course from its initial discovery to pathological verification, multi-center clinical evaluation, improvement of detection methods, epidemiological investigation, and combined application with other biomarkers. However, as a fluid biomarker, AD7c-NTP can be detected in urine instead of the traditional biomarker sources—CSF or blood, which has made the use of AD7c-NTP as a biomarker controversial. In this article, we review the research course of AD7c-NTP and suggest directions for future research.
Whole-Exome Sequencing and C9orf72 Analysis in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Pytel Vanesa , Hernández-Lorenzo Laura , Torre-Fuentes Laura , Sanz Raúl , González Nieves , Cabrera-Martín María Nieves , Delgado-Álvarez Alfonso , Gómez-Pinedo Ulises , Matías-Guiu Jorge , Matias-Guiu Jordi A
Published: February 2021

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is mainly considered a sporadic disease and few studies have systematically analyzed its genetic basis. We here report the analyses of C9orf72 genotyping and whole-exome sequencing data in a consecutive and well-characterized cohort of 50 patients with PPA. We identified three pathogenic GRN variants, one of them unreported, and two cases with C9orf72 expansions. In addition, one likely pathogenic variant was found in the SQSTM1 gene. Overall, we found 12%of patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. These results support the genetic role in the pathophysiology of a proportion of patients with PPA.
Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Yang-Yang , Huang Zhen-Ting , Yuan Ming-Hao , Jing Feng , Cai Ruo-Lan , Zou Qian , Pu Yin-Shuang , Wang Sheng-Yuan , Chen Fei , Yi Wen-Min , Zhang Hui-Ji , Cai Zhi-You
Published: February 2021

Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are the most important pathological markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are also involved in the development and pathological mechanism of AD. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcriptional factor responsible for cellular and tissue adaption to low oxygen tension. Emerging evidence has revealed HIF-1α as a potential medicinal target for neurodegenerative diseases. On the one hand, HIF-1α increases AβPP processing and Aβ generation by promoting β/γ-secretases and suppressing α-secretases, inactivates microglia and reduces their activity, contributes to microglia death and neuroinflammation, which promotes AD pathogenesis. On the other hand, HIF-1α could resist the toxic effect of Aβ, inhibits tau hyperphosphorylation and promotes microglial activation. In summary, this review focuses on the potential complex roles and the future perspectives of HIF-1α in AD, in order to provide references for seeking new drug targets and treatment methods for AD.
Sex Differences of Brain Functional Topography Revealed in Normal Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Cohort
Authors: Cieri Filippo , Yang Zhengshi , Cordes Dietmar , Caldwell Jessica Z.K. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2021

We applied graph theory analysis on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to evaluate sex differences of brain functional topography in normal controls (NCs), early mild cognitive impairment (eMCI), and AD patients. These metrics were correlated with RAVLT verbal learning and memory scores. The results show NCs have better functional connectivity (FC) metrics than eMCI and AD, and NC women show worse FC metrics compared to men, despite performing better on the RAVLT. FC differences between men and women diminished in eMCI and disappeared in AD. Within women, better FC metrics relate to better RAVLT learning in NCs and eMCI groups.
Cannabidiol Ameliorates Cognitive Function via Regulation of IL-33 and TREM2 Upregulation in a Murine Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Khodadadi Hesam , Salles Évila Lopes , Jarrahi Abbas , Costigliola Vincenzo , Khan MB , Yu Jack C. , Morgan John C. , Hess David C. , Vaibhav Kumar , Dhandapani Krishnan M. , Baban Babak
Published: February 2021

There is a dire need for due innovative therapeutic modalities to improve outcomes of AD patients. In this study, we tested whether cannabidiol (CBD) improves outcomes in a translational model of familial AD and to investigate if CBD regulates interleukin (IL)-33 and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), which are associated with improved cognitive function. CBD was administered to 5xFAD mice, which recapitulate early onset, familial AD. Behavioral tests and immunoassays were used to evaluate cognitive and motor outcomes. Our findings suggest that CBD treatment enhanced IL-33 and TREM2 expression, ameliorated the symptoms of AD, and retarded cognitive decline.
Clinical Approach of Low-Dose Whole-Brain Ionizing Radiation Treatment in Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia Patients
Authors: Chung Mijoo , Rhee Hak Young , Chung Weon Kuu
Published: February 2021

Our research team recently published two relevant papers. In one study, we have seen the acute effect of low-dose ionizing irradiation (LDIR) did not reduce the amyloid-β (Aβ) protein concentration in brain tissue, yet significantly improved synaptic degeneration and neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Surprisingly, in another study, we could see late effect that the LDIR-treated mice showed significantly improved learning and memory skills compared with those in the sham group. In addition, Aβ concentrations were significantly decreased in brain tissue. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α was decreased and the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β was increased in the brain tissue of 5xFAD mice treated with LDIR. Definitive clinical results for the safety and efficacy of LDIR have not yet been published and, despite the promising outcomes reported during preclinical studies, LDIR can only be applied to patients with Alzheimer’s disease dementia when clinical results are made available. In addition, in the case of LDIR, additional large-scale clinical studies are necessary to determine the severity of Alzheimer’s disease dementia, indications for LDIR, the total dose to be irradiated, fraction size, and intervals of LDIR treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanism of LDIR based on existing preclinical results in a way that is useful for conducting subsequent clinical research.
Sentiment classification using hybrid feature selection and ensemble classifier
Authors: Jain Achin , Jain Vanita
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a Hybrid Feature Selection Technique for Sentiment Classification. We have used a Genetic Algorithm and a combination of existing Feature Selection methods, namely: Information Gain (IG), CHI Square (CHI), and GINI Index (GINI). First, we have obtained features from three different selection approaches as mentioned above and then performed the UNION SET Operation to extract the reduced feature set. Then, Genetic Algorithm is applied to optimize the feature set further. This paper also presents an Ensemble Approach based on the error rate obtained different domain datasets. To test our proposed Hybrid Feature Selection and Ensemble Classification approach, we have considered four Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier variants. We have used UCI ML Datasets of three domains namely: IMDB Movie Review, Amazon Product Review and Yelp Restaurant Reviews. The experimental results show that our proposed approach performed best in all three domain datasets. Further, we also presented T-Test for Statistical Significance between classifiers and comparison is also done based on Precision, Recall, F1-Score, AUC and model execution time.
Real-time harmonics analysis of digital substation equipment based on IEC-61850 using hybrid intelligent approach
Authors: Azeem Abdul , Malik Hasmat , Jamil Majid
Published: February 2021

This paper proposed a hybrid intelligent approach based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD), artificial neural network (ANN) and J48 algorithm of machine learning for real-time harmonics analysis of digital substation’s equipment based on IEC-61850 using explanatory input variables based on laboratory proto-type real-time recorded database. In the proposed hybrid model, these variables are first extracted then diagnostic of power transformer harmonics of digital substation is evaluated/analyzed to perform the long term as well as the short term goal and planning in the electrical power network. In this paper, firstly, experimental analysis is performed to validate the laboratory prototype setup using FFT (fast Fourier transform), STFT (short-time Fourier transform) and CWT (continuous wavelet transform). Then, features are extracted from experimental dataset using EMD (empirical mode decomposition) method. The IMFs (intrinsic mode functions) have generated from EMD, which are used as an input variable to the two different diagnostic models, i.e., ANN and J48 algorithm. In order to validate the performance and accuracy of the proposed hybrid model, a comparative analysis is performed by using ANN and J48 method (with and without EMD method) and the results are compared. Obtained results shows that the proposed hybrid diagnostics approach for harmonics analysis has outperformance characteristics.
Two accurate hybrid islanding detection schemes for distribution network
Authors: Ray Papia , Salkuti Surender Reddy , Biswal Monalisa
Published: February 2021

In this paper, two accurate hybrid islanding detection schemes are proposed based on Wavelet Transform and Stockwell transform (S-transform). The proposed methods use the potential of sequence voltage (negative) retrieved at the target Distributed Generation (DG) location of the distribution network under study. In one of the schemes, Discrete Wavelet transform (DWT) is applied to process the negative sequence voltage signal and for its decomposition, which is further used to extract six statistical features like energy, entropy, mean, kurtosis, standard deviation, and skewness from the reconstructed DWT coefficients. Test and train data sets are generated with the wide variation of loading conditions, and optimal features are chosen from the full feature set by forward feature selection method (FFS) during the training process by an artificial neural network (ANN). After that, the trained system is tested to get the detection result. Another scheme presented in this paper for islanding detection is based on S-transform, which is used to decompose the negative sequence voltage signal. Amplitude, frequency, and phase are the three coefficients acquired from the pre-processing of the raw signal by S-transform. Then the cumulative sums of the energy content of the S-transform coefficients are determined and are compared with a threshold value to get the detection result. The proposed schemes are tested in a distribution network consisting of two 9 MW wind farm driven by six 1.5 MW wind turbine connected to 120 kV main grid through a 25 kV, 30 km feeder. Several cases have been investigated like normal condition, islanding, DG line trip, disconnection of point of common coupling, and sudden change in load to test the performance of the proposed schemes. It can be observed from the results that both the approaches gave high accuracy in the detection of islanding conditions and demarcates properly from the non-islanding state. However, results show that the S-transform based approach provides a better resolution and quick detection of islanding than the wavelet transform approach.