bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future habitat changes of Bactrocera minax Enderlein along the Yangtze River Basin using the optimal MaxEnt model
Authors: Fu Chun , Wang Xian , Huang Tingting , Wang Rulin
Published: November 2023

Background

Bactrocera minax (Enderlein, 1920) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a destructive citrus pest. It is mainly distributed throughout Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, and Guangxi in China and is considered to be a second-class pest that is prohibited from entering that country. Climate change, new farming techniques, and increased international trade has caused the habitable area of this pest to gradually expand. Understanding the suitable habitats of B. minax under future climate scenarios may be crucial to reveal the expansion pattern of the insect and develop corresponding prevention strategies in China.

Methods

Using on the current 199 distribution points and 11 environmental variables for B. minax, we chose the optimal MaxEnt model to screen the dominant factors that affect the distribution of B. minax and to predict the potential future distribution of B. minax in China under two shared socio-economic pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP5-8.5).

Results

The current habitat of B. minax is located at 24.1–34.6°N and 101.1–122.9°E, which encompasses the provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, and Yunnan (21.64 × 104 km2). Under future climate scenarios, the potential suitable habitat for B. minax may expand significantly toward the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The land coverage of highly suitable habitats may increase from 21.64 × 104 km2 to 26.35 × 104 × 104 km2 (2050s, SSP5-8.5) ~ 33.51 × 104 km2 (2090s, SSP5-8.5). This expansion area accounts for 29% (2050s, SSP1-2.6) to 34.83% (2090s, SSP1-2.6) of the current habitat. The center of the suitable habitat was predicted to expand towards the northeast, and the scenario with a stronger radiative force corresponded to a more marked movement of the center toward higher latitudes. A jackknife test showed that the dominant variables affecting the distribution of B. minax were the mean temperature of the driest quarter (bio9), the annual precipitation (bio12), the mean diurnal range (bio2), the temperature annual range (bio7), and the altitude (alt).

Discussion

Currently, it is possible for B. minax to expand its damaging presence. Regions with appropriate climate conditions and distribution of host plants may become potential habitats for the insects, and local authorities should strengthen their detection and prevention strategies. Climate changes in the future may promote the survival and expansion of B. minax species in China, which is represented by the significant increase of suitable habitats toward regions of high altitudes and latitudes across all directions but with some shrinkage in the east and west sides.
Media Development for Karawo Motif Design Using Genetic Algorithm Based on Gorontalo Regional Culture
Authors: Latief Mukhlisulfatih , Syahrul  , Mappalotteng Abdul Muis
Published: November 2023

The lack of karawo motif designs with a Gorontalo regional cultural philosophy causes karawo artisans to lack ideas to design karawo motifs in various design variations. One solution to overcome this is to create a media that can make several variations of the karawo motif design. The method used is an experimental method that consists of (1) preparing image data, (2) making geometric transformations, (3) developing a system using genetic algorithms, (4) implementation, (5) testing system, and  Analyze media effectiveness. The drafting system is carried out using one image data, two image data, and three karawo motif image data. These data are then subjected to geometric transformations such as 450 rotation, horizontal flip, and vertical flip. Furthermore, the selection of transformation treatments is carried out by optimizing the fitness function in the genetic algorithm. Testing of the karawo motif arrangement system was carried out on one image data, two image data, and three image data. The N-Gain statistical analysis results from the initial trials and extended trials revealed percentages of 66.9% and 73%, respectively. These figures indicate the effectiveness of the developed media in enhancing the skills and knowledge of artisans in creating karawo motif designs.
Aquaculture in Algeria: Current Status, Analysis, and Considerations for Commercial Development
Authors: Taguemount, R.  , Selmani R.  , Imami, M.
Published: November 2023

Aquaculture in Algeria has developed significantly since the 1920s, primarily focusing on oyster and mussel farming. Establishing the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources (MPRH) in 1999 marked a crucial milestone for the industry. Despite challenges in data collection, Algerian aquaculture production reached only 4,779.29 tonnes in 2021, showing a mere 0.2% of African production and 0.0044% of world aquaculture production. More than half of production comes from marine fish cultured in private-sector sea cages. However, shrimp production is almost null. The taxonomic composition of Algerian aquaculture is diverse, with marine and freshwater fish species playing prominent roles. Despite these challenges, the aquaculture field in Algeria has demonstrated an impressive annual growth rate of 12.49% and receives continuous government support. Nevertheless, limited infrastructure, a shortage of expertise, and the need for further research pose significant obstacles. Efforts are underway to integrate aquaculture with agriculture in Saharan zones, further facilitated by governmental support. Overcoming challenges and promoting sustainability through strengthening research capacities, fostering collaboration, and providing financial support is crucial for the advancement of industry. By addressing challenges and embracing sustainability, the aquaculture sector in Algeria can unlock its full potential, ensuring food security, economic growth, and environmental sustainability.
Orange Peel Waste Improved the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Oxidative Stress, and Hematological Parameters of Labeo rohita
Authors: Virk Tuba Latif , Mehreen Arifa , Rasheed Majeeda , Naheed Ghazala , Mzengereza Kumbukani , Basuini Mohammed F. El , Rehman Tehreem , Shehata Akram Ismael
Published: November 2023

Expensive and ineffective feed ingredients in fish feed are becoming a major problem for fish growth in the aquaculture industry. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to investigate the utilization of fruit processing wastes as a dietary component in the feed of rohu (Labeo rohita). Four different feed formulations were prepared using commercial diet and supplemented with different levels of orange peel powder (CT= 0%, T1= 15%, T2= 30% and T3= 45%). The experiment was performed in aquariums of dimensions 1x1.5x2 feet, filled with approximately 79 liters of water. Fish were fed two times a day at rate of 3% of their body weight for 35 days. The results showed that the T1, T2, and T3 treatments had almost 104%, 160%, and 68% higher weight gain than that of CT, respectively. The T1 (7.55%), T2 (17.78%), and T3 (4.26%) treatments had a lower feed conversion ratio than that of CT. The T1, T2, T3 treatments had almost 14.18%, 15.27%, and 6.11% lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration than that of CT. The T1 and T2 treatments had almost 7.01% and 17.42% higher total serum protein than that of CT, respectively. The T1 (0.90%) and T2 (6.23%) treatments had higher A/G ratios than that of CT, respectively and T3 (0.01%) had lower A/G ratio than that of CT. Overall, the dietary supplementation of 30% orange peel improved growth performance, feed utilization, oxidative stress, and hematological parameters in Labeo rohita.
Nutritional and Sensory Qualities of Cookies from Wheat, Trifoliate Yam and Moringa Seed Flours
Authors: Fayomi, O. I.  , Anadi, V. N.  , Faasema, J. J.
Published: November 2023

Nutritional and sensory qualities of cookies from wheat, trifoliate yam and moringa seed flour were investigated. The formulated blends (%) were 100:0:0, 85:10:5, 75:20:5, 65:30:5, 55:40:5 and 45: 50:5 % wheat, trifoliate yam and moringa seed flour, with 100 % wheat flour serving as control. The cookies samples were subjected to proximate, physical, vitamin, mineral and sensory analysis using standard methods. The study revealed that addition of trifoliate yam and Moringa seed flour to wheat in cookies formulation significantly (P<0.05) increased the moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat and protein contents of wheat-based cookies. The result of the physical properties showed no significant (P>0.05) difference for diameter (cm) of the cookies. However, a significant (P<0.05) difference was observed for thickness, weight and spread ratio. The minerals and vitamins contents such as magnesium, calcium, potassium and iron, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and β-carotene (pro-vitamin A) increased while the niacin (vitamin B3) and pyrodixine (B6) decreased as the level of trifoliate yam flour addition increased. Sensory attributes of this study showed that the trifoliate yam flour could be incorporated up to the levels of 10 and 20 % in the wheat and moringa flour without greatly influencing the organoleptic characteristics of the cookies. Trifoliate yam flour and moringa seed flour can be used in the Addition of wheat flour in cookies and confectionery production due to its high nutritional contents. Trifoliate yam flour addition in wheat flour be encouraged in cookies production as this compared favourable with the wheat-based cookies and that shelf-life study should be carried out to ascertain the cookies storage stability.
Functional Characterization of Rhizobia for Multiple Plant Growth Promoting Activities
Authors: Soni Sonali , Meena Manoj Kumar , Kumar Kishan , Shrimali Nishtha , Singh Arun Pratap , Mahale Mahesh Mavanjee , Singla Aayush , Gavri Ankit , Khatik Gopal , Kumar Vikas , Malik Anurag , Singh Deepak , Khan Salman , Kumar Tushar , Laxmi Raj , Yadav Sunil
Published: November 2023

This research focuses on the functional characterization of 19 rhizobia strains isolated from Southern Rajasthan's Udaipur and Dungarpur districts, with an emphasis on their multiple Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) activities. Through a series of tests encompassing Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) production, siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, this study elucidates the diverse PGP potential of these rhizobia strains. The results showcase variations in IAA production, highlighting their ability to enhance root development and overall plant growth, while also revealing strains capable of siderophore production, indicating potential iron uptake facilitation. Furthermore, some strains exhibit phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, and HCN production capabilities, signifying their potential to improve nutrient availability and protect plants from pathogens. These findings underscore the promise of harnessing the PGP activities of these rhizobia strains for sustainable agricultural practices in Southern Rajasthan and similar agroecological regions, with implications for enhanced crop yields and soil health.
Fungal Bioagents and Botanicals Efficacy against Alternaria alternata Responsable for Leaf Blight Disease of Stevia rebaudiana
Authors: Nayak Anusha M. , Dhange Pooja Rajendra , Farooqkhan  , Muhammad Suhaib Ismayil M.
Published: November 2023

Stevia rebaudiana, a herbaceous perennial prized for its natural sweetness, has gained global acclaim and found in various parts of India including Karnataka. An exploration into leaf spot disease (caused by Alternaria alternata (FR.) Keissler) in Stevia was conducted under the conditions of southern Karnataka to identify effective management strategies. The symptoms initially manifested as petite circular spots of a light brown colour, subsequently evolving into irregular shapes ranging from dark brown to grey. Some spots maintained their circular form, exhibiting concentric rings or zones. Severely affected leaves exhibited the merging of numerous spots, forming expansive necrotic areas. On older leaves, concentric spots were predominantly found at the tips. The diameter of the leaf spots ranged from 2 to 18 mm. The conidial dimensions varied from 10 to 40 × 6-12 mm, displaying a mid to dark brown or olive-brown color. They were short-beaked, arranged in long chains, and had an oval and bean-shaped structure with 3–5 transverse septa. Considering the adverse effects of chemical fungicides, the exploration for a safer alternative to control the pathogen became a preferable option. This led to experiments involving the use of bioagents for pathogen control. The six known bioagents were evaluated by dual culture, pathogen at periphery and pathogen at the center technique to monitor antagonistic effect. The results revealed that out of all the six bioagents used, two bioagents namely Trichoderma viride (74.77%, 69.04% and 79.45%) and T. harzianum (71.25%, 59.96% and 74.78%) showed maximum growth inhibition in dual culture, pathogen at periphery and pathogen at the center methods, respectively. among the botanicals used neem (36.63%) and ginger (36.42%) found to be effective in inhibiting mycelial growth. Unraveled the strong antagonistic effect to inhibit the mycelia growth of the pathogen significantly.
Response of Intercropping of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)] + Green Gram [Vigna radiata] on Yield and Economics under Sandy Loam Soils of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Yadav Rajesh , Choudhary Ruchika , Sharma Akshita
Published: November 2023

The existing experiment was conducted at MJRPU, Jaipur during 2021-22 season. Nowadays fertility of soil was decreasing day by day so the present investigation was conducted to assess the fertility as well as other effects on growth and yield of both the crops. The experiment was conducted using randomized block design with 10 treatment combination replicated thrice. The treatments were as T1-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (1:1) 45 cm, T2-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (2:1) 45 cm, T3-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (1:2) 30 cm, T4-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (2:2) 30 cm, T5-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (1:1) 45 cm, T6-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (2:1) 45 cm, T7-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (1:2) 30 cm, T8-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (2:2) 30 cm, T9-Pearl millet sole (drilled) 45 cm and T10-Pearl millet sole (T. P.) 45 cm. From the current examination it can be concluded that higher growth parameters, growth, grain yield, straw yield, and net realization of summer pearl millet could be achieved either sole pearl millet crop when transplanted at 45 cm or 30 cm, or when it is transplanted as an intercrop with green gram at a row ratio of 2:1 of 45 cm or sole pearl millet crop when sown by drill method at 45 cm row spacing. The soil available nitrogen also found non-significant at harvest.
Characterization of In‐Plane Piezoelectric Strain of Ferroelectric Thin Films by the Magnetoelectric Coupling Effect
Authors: Guan Mengmeng , Zhang Jiaxuan , Tang Haowen , Lu Qi , Peng Bin , Liu Ming
Published: November 2023

Piezoelectric response of the ferroelectric/piezoelectric thin films is crucial for actuation of micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices as well as strain‐mediated electronic devices. Among many piezoelectric modes, longitudinal and transverse piezostrain is the most widely used. Various methods have been well established for quantitative characterization of the longitudinal piezostrain, such as laser interferometer and piezoelectric force microscopy. However, it is still a great challenge to characterize transverse piezostrain. Herein, a new method is established to characterize the transverse (in‐plane) piezostrain of ferroelectric/piezoelectric thin films by the inverse magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect. A ferromagnetic thin film is patterned onto the ferroelectric thin film to form an artificial multiferroic heterostructure. The transverse piezostrain can transfer from the ferroelectric layer to the ferromagnetic layer and shift its ferromagnetic resonance field through the ME coupling effect. By comparing with a control sample of “bulk piezoceramic/ferromagnetic thin film” whose in‐plane piezostrain can be easily measured, the in‐plane piezostrain and piezoelectric coefficient of the ferroelectric thin films are then estimated. The in‐plane piezoelectric coefficient d31 and piezoelectric strain S31 of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films are measured by this method. This new method will promote to fully understand the piezoelectric properties of the ferroelectric/piezoelectric thin films.
Amorphous Engineering and In Situ Atomic‐Scale Deciphering of Lithium‐Ion Storage Mechanism in Tellurium
Authors: Zhang Wenqi , Cai Ran , Chen Donglei , Hou Chaojian , Qu Zhi , Xiong Yan , Yao Yiqing , Yu Zejie , Wang Kun , Wang Shuideng , Shao Ruiwen , Dong Lixin
Published: November 2023

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) using tellurium (Te) as electrode material are appealing because of their high capacities, conductivities, and lithium‐ion diffusivity relative to those of silicon. However, crystalline Te electrode suffers from mechanical instability and poor cyclability during Li+ insertion and extraction. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms governing Te electrode during the electrochemical charge and discharge are poorly understood. Here, an amorphous Te phase is deliberately conducted and the results of comparative operando experiments on the crystalline and amorphous Te phases are reported. The lithiation of the crystalline Te phase results in grains with concomitant pulverization. On the lithiation‐induced volumetric expansion and aggregation of the intrinsic stress, the Te crystalline phase undergoes bending, fracture, and finally collapse. In addition to the Li‐rich phase (Li2Te), a new Li‐deficient phase (LiTe3) that may be associated with incomplete lithiation owing to the poor ion conductivity of pulverized lithiation product is also detected. However, the amorphous Te specimens show promising lithiation/delithiation properties, particularly no pulverization behavior or structural damage, suggesting better capacity and reversibility. The different performances of crystalline and amorphous Te can be ascribed to the ordered and disordered structures. The findings will serve as a reference for the design of Te‐containing LIBs.
Regulating Electronic Structure of Bimetallic NiFe‐THQ Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks to Boost Catalytic Activity for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Lei , Yan Junhui , Huang Haojie , Du Xing , Chen Hui , He Xuan , Li Weixin , Fang Wei , Wang Daheng , Zeng Xianghui , Dong Jichen , Liu Yunqi
Published: November 2023

Recently, conductive metal–organic frameworks (c‐MOFs) have drawn tremendous attention for the application in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their superior conductivity and highly accessible active sites. Herein, a facile method is reported to prepare a series of bimetallic c‐MOFs (NixFe1‐x‐THQ, THQ = tetrahydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone hydrate) by using the smallest benzene‐based ligand with high‐density catalytic active sites for OER. By adjusting the ratio of Ni/Fe, a series of catalysts with optimal electronic structures and adsorption capacity to intermediates, and faster charge transport are obtained. Among them, Ni0.5Fe0.5‐THQ exhibits superior catalytic performances for OER with a low overpotential of 272 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 47.9 mV, and robust operation for 40 h with no detectable activity decay, which is far superior to commercial RuO2, most of traditional MOFs and even some monometallic conductive MOFs. Moreover, both the measured and simulated results manifest that Ni0.5Fe0.5‐THQ can tailor the d‐band center, and induce the directional transfer of electrons, optimizing the rate‐determining step and adsorption capacity to intermediates during OER, thus exhibits superior electrochemical activity. This work not only presents a strategy to fabricate an electrocatalyst with remarkable OER performance but also promotes the development of THQ‐based c‐MOFs for electrocatalysis.
Magnetic Poles Enabled Kirigami Meta‐Structure for High‐Efficiency Mechanical Memory Storage
Authors: Xin Libiao , Li Yanbin , Wang Baolong , Li Zhiqiang
Published: November 2023

Some bi/multi‐stable mechanical meta‐structures are implemented as mechanical memory devices, which are with limits such as complex structural forms, low information storage capability and/or fragile structural stability to maintain the stored information bits robustly under external interferences. To address these issues, the structural intelligence is addressed by constructing a simple 3D‐printable multi‐layered cylindrical kirigami module with gradient structural parameters and a high‐efficiency mechanical memory device that can robustly store information bits exponentially larger than previous designs is proposed. The promising enhancement of information storage capability is demonstrated for the proposed mechanical memory device and relies on two mechanisms: 1) the deformation sequences of the kirigami module enabled by the gradient structural parameter, which brings the extra dimensional degree of freedom to break the traditional mechanical memory unit with only planar form and merits information bits with spatially combinatorial programmability, and 2) the combinatorics of the deformation independences among the cylindrical kirigami unit arrays in the constructed mechanical memory device. Particularly, both the structural stabilities and the desired structural robustness are achieved in the mechanical memory devices by additively introducing magnetic “N–S” poles in units, which can protect the stored information from interferences like mechanical crushing, impact, and/or vibration.
Emerging Smart Micro/Nanofiber‐Based Materials for Next‐Generation Wound Dressings
Authors: Dong Yuping , Fu Shaoju , Yu Jianyong , Li Xiaoran , Ding Bin
Published: November 2023

Smart wound dressings capable of detecting, monitoring, and regulating complicated dynamic healing processes hold tremendous potential in wound healing and tissue reconstruction. Micro/nanofiber‐based materials are regarded as one of the most promising candidates to develop smart wound dressings owing to their remarkable features including architectural mimicry of extracellular matrix, tunability in structural assembly, and diversity in functionality. Herein, the latest progress of smart micro/nanoscale fiber‐based materials in terms of composition engineering, structural design, and applications in wound management is comprehensively reviewed. This work begins with the advances in smart fibers including stimuli‐responsive fibers, shape memory fibers, and conductive fibers. Then, the structural design of fiber‐based materials from conventional 2D fibrous membrane to emerging 3D fibrous sponge/hydrogel is thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the applications of smart micro/nanofibrous materials as wound dressings in stimuli‐responsive drug delivery, biomechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation, and wound monitoring are highlighted. Finally, the article offers perspectives on the existing challenges and future directions of smart fibrous materials for wound management.
Ferromagnetic L12‐Pt3Co Nanowires with Spin‐Polarized Orbitals for Fast and Selective Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Su Yikun , Wang Zhaoyang , Gao Ruoxi , Wu Qifan , Zhao Jinlai , Zhu Guangming , Li Qiliang , Xu Hongbin , Pan Yiye , Gu Kunming , Biz Chiara , Fianchini Mauro , Gracia Jose
Published: November 2023

Magnetic alloys are key to develop efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. During the last decade, it has been shown that spin manipulation of magnetic materials can improve the kinetics of triplet state 3O2 electrocatalysis, promoting the unification between the physics of strongly correlated materials and heterogeneous catalysis. In this study, structurally ordered Pt3Co nanowires (NWs) are synthesized, and their ORR catalytic performances are studied in detail. These intermetallic ordered L12‐Pt3Co NWs exhibit stronger ferromagnetism, superior ORR catalytic activity, and higher tolerance to carbon monoxide than related disordered A1‐Pt3Co NWs, and commercial Pt/C catalyst. These characteristics make them one of (if not) the best catalyst reported nowadays. Density functional theory calculations prove that the L12‐Pt3Co(111) surface displays a lower activation barrier at the ORR rate‐limiting step and better selectivity H2O2/H2O (i.e., lower production of H2O2) compared with disordered A1‐Pt3Co(111). ORR reactivity increases with the level of Co order in the slab. Moreover, L12‐Pt3Co(111) displays more favorable thermodynamics, decreasing the adsorption enthalpies of 3O2, and lower ORR rate‐limiting step, due to ferromagnetic quantum spin exchange interactions (QSEI), compared with Pt(111).
Fiber‐Integrated Force Sensor using 3D Printed Spring‐Composed Fabry‐Perot Cavities with a High Precision Down to Tens of Piconewton
Authors: Shang Xinggang , Wang Ning , Cao Simin , Chen Hehao , Fan Dixia , Zhou Nanjia , Qiu Min
Published: November 2023

Developing microscale sensors capable of force measurements down to the scale of piconewtons is of fundamental importance for a wide range of applications. To date, advanced instrumentations such as atomic force microscopes and other specifically developed micro/nano‐electromechanical systems face challenges such as high cost, complex detection systems and poor electromagnetic compatibility. Here, it presents the unprecedented design and 3D printing of general fiber‐integrated force sensors using spring‐composed Fabry‐Perot cavities. It calibrates these microscale devices employing varied‐diameter m‐scale silica particles as standard weights. The force sensitivity and resolution reach values of (0.436 ± 0.007) nmnN‐1 and (40.0 ± 0.7) pN, respectively, which are the best resolutions among all fiber‐based nanomechanical probes so far. It also measured the non‐linear airflow force distributions produced from a nozzle with an orifice of 2 m, which matches well with the full‐sized simulations. With further customization of their geometries and materials, it anticipates the easy‐to‐use force probe can well extend to many other applications such as air/fluidic turbulences sensing, micro‐manipulations, and biological sensing.
A Cardiac‐Targeted Nanozyme Interrupts the Inflammation‐Free Radical Cycle in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Liu Xueliang , Chen Binghua , Chen Jingqi , Wang Xuan , Dai Xinfeng , Li Yuqing , Zhou Huayuan , Wu Lian‐Ming , Liu Zhuang , Yang Yu
Published: November 2023

Severe systemic inflammation following myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of patient mortality. MI‐induced inflammation can trigger the production of free radicals, which in turn ultimately leads to increased inflammation in cardiac lesions (i.e., inflammation‐free radicals cycle), resulting in heart failure and patient death. However, currently available anti‐inflammatory drugs have limited efficacy due to their weak anti‐inflammatory effect and poor accumulation at the cardiac site. Herein, a novel Fe‐Cur@TA nanozyme is developed for targeted therapy of MI, which is generated by coordinating Fe3+ and anti‐inflammatory drug curcumin (Cur) with further modification of tannic acid (TA). Such Fe‐Cur@TA nanozyme exhibits excellent free radicals scavenging and anti‐inflammatory properties by reducing immune cell infiltration, promoting macrophage polarization toward the M2‐like phenotype, suppressing inflammatory cytokine secretion, and blocking the inflammatory free radicals cycle. Furthermore, due to the high affinity of TA for cardiac tissue, Fe‐Cur@TA shows an almost tenfold greater in cardiac retention and uptake than Fe‐Cur. In mouse and preclinical beagle dog MI models, Fe‐Cur@TA nanozyme preserves cardiac function and reduces scar size, suggesting promising potential for clinical translation in cardiovascular disease.
Lipid Droplet Targeting Type I Photosensitizer for Ferroptosis via Lipid Peroxidation Accumulation
Authors: Xiong Tao , Chen Yingchao , Peng Qiang , Lu Shuai , Long Saran , Li Mingle , Wang Heng , Lu Sheng , Chen Xiaoqiang , Fan Jiangli , Wang Lei , Peng Xiaojun
Published: November 2023

As an iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) mediated cell death pathway, ferroptosis offers promises for anti‐tumor treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an ideal way to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for LPO. However, the conventional PDT normally functions on subcellular organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosome, causing rapid cell death before triggering ferroptosis. Herein, the first lipid droplet (Ld)‐targeting type I photosensitizer (PS) with enhanced superoxide anion (O2−·) production, termed MNBS, is reported. The newly designed PS selectively localizes at Ld in cells, and causes cellular LPO accumulation by generating sufficient O2−· upon irradiation, and subsequently induces ferroptosis mediated chronical PDT, achieving high‐efficient anti‐tumor PDT in hypoxia and normoxia. Theoretical calculations and comprehensive characterizations indicate that the Ld targeting property and enhanced O2−· generation of MNBS originate from the elevated H‐aggregation tendency owing to dispersed molecular electrostatic distribution. Further in vivo studies using MNBS‐encapsulated liposomes demonstrate the excellent anti‐cancer efficacy as well as anti‐metastatic activity. This study offers a paradigm of H‐aggregation reinforced type I PS to achieve ferroptosis‐mediated PDT.
Flexible Conformal Multifunctional Time‐Varying Phase‐Modulated Metasurface with Polarization Control for Radar Feature Transformation
Authors: Sun Guang , Xing Shiqi , Wang Junjie , Feng Dejun , Wang Xuesong
Published: November 2023

Reconfigurable metasurfaces have shown unprecedented capabilities in controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves in recent years and play an essential role in information manipulation. However, most research on reconfigurable metasurfaces is limited to planar rigid structures, with only one control function and suitable for specific single polarization. Achieving simultaneous control of phase, polarization, and frequency in the conformal structure has significant practical implications in many applications, but remains obviously challenging. In this paper, a flexible multifunctional time‐varying phase‐modulated metasurface (MTPM) with orthogonal polarization control is proposed for conformal applications to manipulate the spectrum distribution. It enables time encoding capability in controlling the phase characteristics of x‐ and y‐polarized EM waves individually by switching the bias voltage of the PIN diode in two directions. Discrete harmonic spectrum and continuous Doppler frequency shifts are implemented separately on two orthogonal polarizations by applying different time coding sequences. As a practical application, a conformal MTPM for radar feature transformation is explored. Multiple discrete false targets and defocusing phenomena can be realized respectively for x‐ and y‐polarized waves. Both simulated and measured results verify the validity of the proposed method and prototype.
Anion Effect on Charged AIEgens‐Based Aggregates
Authors: Liu Qiong , Chen Kongqi , Deng Qiyun , Li Jianqing , Wang Zhiming , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2023

Charged aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are highly valued materials with attractive applications. However, the discussion of charged AIEgens with the characteristics of charged compounds is always centered around the cationic luminescence part, and the possible influence brought by anion effects is usually ignored especially in the field of aggregate science. Coupled with the complicated synthesis and purification processes of the brand‐new cationic nucleus, it is paramount to develop simpler and more feasible methods to enhance cognition and extend their performance. Herein, three new ionic compounds based on TPE‐IQ‐2TPA (TI2T) cationic core utilizing an anion substitution strategy are investigated. Interestingly, this strategy can modify molecular aggregation behavior regarding the photophysical process and arrangement of the molecules. Consequently, fluorescence emission, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability, and mechanochromism response properties varied accordingly. Moreover, this strategic regulation of the physical parameters of self‐assembled nanoparticles facilitates the visual identification of living or dead cells, while also selectively illuminating S. aureus and C. albicans. This study demonstrates that anion engineering is a powerful tool for investigating aggregated states and provides a new platform for practical applications of advanced materials, especially in the fields of stimulus‐response, biological imaging, medical diagnosis, and treatment.
A Multifunctional Hydrogen Bond Bridge Interface to Achieving Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zha Leying , Ning Lei , Sun Zeyuan , Song Lixin , Du Pingfan , Xiong Jie
Published: November 2023

In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the buried interface between the electron transfer layer (ETL) and perovskite (PVK) layer profoundly affects the charge carrier transfer efficiency, which has significant implications for the efficiency and long‐term stability of the device. Herein, an organic chemical compound 4,6‐diamino‐2‐mercaptosine (DMP) is incorporated into the ETL/PVK interface in order to optimize the interfacial performance through a hydrogen bond bridging junction. DMP is tightly anchored to the ETL surface by forming the intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the structure as N─H∙∙∙N. This bridge connection is beneficial for enhancing the interface contact, further restraining severe nonradiative charge recombination. Synchronously, the interaction of ─SH with uncoordinated Pb2+ passivates the defects on the bottom layer of perovskite, further regulating the perovskite crystal growth. Overall, the results express that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs based on the DMP interface has significantly increased to 21.65% without obvious hysteresis. Meanwhile, the unencapsulated modified devices show superior environmental stability, maintaining over 85% of their initial PCE even after 500 h in an atmospheric environment.
Mechanistic Insight into Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of Indoles with Diazoesters Employing Bipyridine‐N,N’‐dioxides as Chiral Controllers
Authors: Fukazawa Yasuaki , Vaganov Vladimir Yu. , Burykina Julia V. , Fakhrutdinov Artem N. , Safiullin Ruslan I. , Plasser Felix , Rubtsov Aleksandr E. , Ananikov Valentine P. , Malkov Andrei V.
Published: November 2023

Metal‐catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of indoles with α‐diazoesters is well‐known, however, the underlying mechanisms of this reaction, particularly the origin of stereoselectivity, remain uncertain. For the Pd catalysis, we address this cutting‐edge challenge from two complementary viewpoints – i) the molecular level regarding a single catalytically active Pd center; and ii) nano‐level Pd species investigating the factors favoring the appearance of the preferred catalytic centers. The formation of the active catalytic species was monitored by structural methods (NMR and ESI‐MS), and metal particles were characterized with electron microscopy (SEM, EDX). On the molecular level, chiral bipyridine‐N,N’‐dioxides proved to be competent chiral controllers. The kinetic and DFT computational data revealed a crucial role of water in the rate and selectivity determining steps and showed that the enantioselectivity of the process is controlled by the protodepalladation step. On the nano‐scale, the important effect of catalyst precursor on the overall reaction performance was shown.
Synthesis of Phenethylamine‐Azulene Conjugates Enabled by Regioselective Ring Opening of Aziridines
Authors: García‐Martínez Patricia , Bernardo Olaya , Borge Javier , González Javier , López Luis A.
Published: November 2023

The BF3⋅OEt2‐catalyzed reaction of azulene with N‐protected aziridines represents a general, efficient (up to 91% yield) and regioselective approach to phenethylamine‐azulene conjugates. Stereochemical studies and DFT calculations lend support to a concerted SN2‐type mechanism governing the ring‐opening of the aziridine.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Syntheses of Flavonoids and Cannabinoids
Authors: Vidal‐Albalat Andreu , Matos Paz Bruno
Published: November 2023

Flavonoids and cannabinoids comprise two large families of natural products that contain a chromane moiety in their structure. Their therapeutic potential has been extensively investigated as potential treatments to several diseases, ranging from cancer to infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their relative structural simplicity, in recent years creative synthetic methodologies were designed to overcome limitations from the previous synthetic strategies applied to these compounds. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of all the enantioselective organocatalytic strategies that have been applied to the synthesis of flavonoids and cannabinoids to date.
Cell Death Pathway Regulation by Functional Nanomedicines for Robust Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Li Yongjuan , Guo Yichen , Zhang Kaixin , Zhu Rongrong , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhang Zhenzhong , Yang Weijing
Published: November 2023

Cancer immunotherapy has become a mainstream cancer treatment over traditional therapeutic modes. Cancer cells can undergo programmed cell death including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, apoptosis and cuproptosis which are find to have intrinsic relationships with host antitumor immune response. However, direct use of cell death inducers or regulators may bring about severe side effects that can also be rapidly excreted and degraded with low therapeutic efficacy. Nanomaterials are able to carry them for long circulation time, high tumor accumulation and controlled release to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effect. Nowadays, a large number of studies have focused on nanomedicines‐based strategies through modulating cell death modalities to potentiate antitumor immunity. Herein, immune cell types and their function are first summarized, and state‐of‐the‐art research progresses in nanomedicines mediated cell death pathways (e.g., ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, apoptosis and cuproptosis) with immune response provocation are highlighted. Subsequently, the conclusion and outlook of potential research focus are discussed.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Driven MXene/Liquid Crystal Elastomer Bimorph Membranes for Closed‐Loop Controlled Self‐Sensing Bionic Robots
Authors: Yang Youwei , Meng Lingxian , Zhang Juzhong , Gao Yadong , Hao Zijuan , Liu Yang , Niu Mingjun , Zhang Xiaomeng , Liu Xuying , Liu Shuiren
Published: November 2023

More recently, soft actuators have evoked great interest in the next generation of soft robots. Despite significant progress, the majority of current soft actuators suffer from the lack of real‐time sensory feedback and self‐control functions, prohibiting their effective sensing and multitasking functions. Therefore, in this work, a near‐infrared‐driven bimorph membrane, with self‐sensing and feedback loop control functions, is produced by layer by layer (LBL) assembling MXene/PDDA (PM) onto liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) film. The versatile integration strategy successfully prevents the separation issues that arise from moduli mismatch between the sensing and the actuating layers, ultimately resulting in a stable and tightly bonded interface adhesion. As a result, the resultant membrane exhibited excellent mechanical toughness (tensile strengths equal to 16.3 MPa (||)), strong actuation properties (actuation stress equal to 1.56 MPa), and stable self‐sensing (gauge factor equal to 4.72) capabilities. When applying the near‐infrared (NIR) laser control, the system can perform grasping, traction, and crawling movements. Furthermore, the wing actuation and the closed‐loop controlled motion are demonstrated in combination with the insect microcontroller unit (MCU) models. The remote precision control and the self‐sensing capabilities of the soft actuator pave a way for complex and precise task modulation in the future.
Numerical study on influence of particle shape and deformation on friction behavior of flexible cylindrical particle flows
Authors: Zhu Yanping , Zhang Hao , Guo Pengyue , An Xizhong , Jiang Shengqiang
Published: November 2023

A discrete element method (DEM) model for deformable particles is established and adopted to investigate the Jenike shear process of flexible cylindrical particles with different aspect ratios (4 <  < 6). The DEM model is firstly validated against both experimental data and analytic solutions. Then, numerical simulations are carried out and the effects of particles shape and deformation on their friction behavior are investigated through a particle‐scale analysis on particle deformation, coordinate number, contact forces, orientation and internal friction angle. Comparative results between flexible and rigid particles under the same conditions show that the shear stress increases almost linearly with the normal load regardless of particle stiffness or shape. For both rigid and flexible particles, the shear stress and internal friction angle increase with . The shear stress and internal friction angle of the flexible particles are higher than those of the rigid ones especially when  = 6. The latter has more inter‐particle contacts but the former has stronger contact forces. When  = 4 and 5, the flexible particles without many initial deformations will deform significantly during the shear process with a complex reconfiguration taking place. However, when  = 6, the initial deformation and internal forces of the flexible particles only change slightly during the shear process. It is thus believed that the high shear stress and internal friction angle of the flexible particles with  = 6 are caused by their solid packing structure which strongly enhances the capability of the particle flow to resist shear. The current knowledge will be helpful for improving the kinetic theories for granular flow for complex irregular particle flows.
Montmorillonite K‐10 Clay Promoted Direct Dehydrative Nucleophilic Substitution of Pyrrole and Indole with 4‐Chromanols
Authors: Begum Ayisha F. , Balasubramanian Kalpattu K. , Shanmugasundaram Bhagavathy
Published: November 2023

A mild and inexpensive method of alkylation of pyrrole and indole with substituted 4chromanols and 3‐arylidene‐4‐chromanols mediated by montmorillonite K‐10 is reported. Indole and pyrrole upon treatment with 4‐chromanols in the presence of activated montmorillonite K‐10 undergo facile nucleophilic substitution under ambient condition to afford 2‐(chroman‐4‐yl)‐1H‐pyrrole and 3‐(chroman‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indole in moderate to good yields. In the case of 3‐arylidene‐4‐chromanols, this direct dehydrative substitution reaction is found to be highly regioselective affording only the respective C‐4 substituted (arylidene‐chroman‐4‐yl)‐ pyrrole/indole derivatives.
Biological variation estimates of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers in healthy individuals
Authors: Brum Wagner S. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Simrén Joel , di Molfetta Guiglielmo , Karikari Thomas K. , Benedet Andrea L. , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Lantero‐Rodriguez Juan , Montoliu‐Gaya Laia , Jeromin Andreas , Aarsand Aasne K. , Bartlett William A. , Calle Pilar Fernández , Coşkun Abdurrahman , Díaz–Garzón Jorge , Jonker Niels , Zetterberg Henrik , Sandberg Sverre , Carobene Anna , Blennow Kaj
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

Blood biomarkers have proven useful in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. However, little is known about their biological variation (BV), which improves the interpretation of individual‐level data.

METHODS

We measured plasma amyloid beta (Aβ42, Aβ40), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau181, p‐tau217, p‐tau231), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in plasma samples collected weekly over 10 weeks from 20 participants aged 40 to 60 years from the European Biological Variation Study. We estimated within‐ (CVI) and between‐subject (CVG) BV, analytical variation, and reference change values (RCV).

RESULTS

Biomarkers presented considerable variability in CVI and CVG. Aβ42/Aβ40 had the lowest CVI (≈ 3%) and p‐tau181 the highest (≈ 16%), while others ranged from 6% to 10%. Most RCVs ranged from 20% to 30% (decrease) and 25% to 40% (increase).

DISCUSSION

BV estimates for AD plasma biomarkers can potentially refine their clinical and research interpretation. RCVs might be useful for detecting significant changes between serial measurements when monitoring early disease progression or interventions.

Highlights

Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ42/Aβ40) presents the lowest between‐ and within‐subject biological variation, but also changes the least in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients versus controls.

Plasma phosphorylated tau variants significantly vary in their within‐subject biological variation, but their substantial fold‐changes in AD likely limits the impact of their variability.

Plasma neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrate high between‐subject variation, the impact of which will depend on clinical context.

Reference change values can potentially be useful in monitoring early disease progression and the safety/efficacy of interventions on an individual level.

Serial sampling revealed that unexpectedly high values in heathy individuals can be observed, which urges caution when interpreting AD plasma biomarkers based on a single test result.
Promoting Piezocatalytic H2O2 Production in Pure Water by Loading Metal‐Organic Cage‐Modified Gold Nanoparticles on Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Authors: Fu Meng , Luo Jinghong , Shi Bo , Tu Shuchen , Wang Zihao , Yu Changlin , Ma Zequn , Chen Xingyuan , Li Xiangming
Published: November 2023

Piezocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production is a green synthesis method, but the rapid complexation of charge carriers in piezocatalysts and the difficulty of adsorbing substrates limit its performance. Here, metal‐organic cage‐coated gold nanoparticles are anchored on graphitic carbon nitride (MOC‐AuNP/g‐C3N4) via hydrogen bond to serve as the multifunctional sites for efficient H2O2 production. Experiments and theoretical calculations prove that MOC‐AuNP/g‐C3N4 simultaneously optimize three key parts of piezocatalytic H2O2 production: i) the MOC component enhances substrate (O2) and product (H2O2) adsorption via host–guest interaction and hinders the rapid decomposition of H2O2 on MOC‐AuNP/g‐C3N4, ii) the AuNP component affords a strong interfacial electric field that significantly promotes the migration of electrons from g‐C3N4 for O2 reduction reaction (ORR), iii) holes are used for H2O oxidation reaction (WOR) to produce O2 and H+ to further promote ORR. Thus, MOC‐AuNP/g‐C3N4 can be used as an efficient piezocatalyst to generate H2O2 at rates up to 120.21 μmol g−1 h−1 in air and pure water without using sacrificial agents. This work proposes a new strategy for efficient piezocatalytic H2O2 synthesis by constructing multiple active sites in semiconductor catalysts via hydrogen bonding, by enhancing substrate adsorption, rapid separation of electron‐hole pairs and preventing rapid decomposition of H2O2.
Reactivity of [Cp*Fe(η5‐As5)] towards Carbenes, Silylenes and Germylenes
Authors: Reichl Stephan , Riesinger Christoph , Yadav Ravi , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Roesky Peter W. , Scheer Manfred
Published: November 2023

The reaction behavior of [Cp*Fe(η5‐As5)] (I) (Cp*=C5Me5) towards carbenes and their heavier analogs was investigated. The reaction of I with NHCs (NHCs=N‐heterocyclic carbenes) results in the first substitution products of polyarsenic ligand complexes by NHCs [Cp*Fe(η4‐As5NHC)] (1 a: NHC=IMe=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene, 1 b: NHC=IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene). In contrast, the reaction of I with EtCAAC (EtCAAC=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐4,4‐diethyl‐2,2‐dimethyl‐pyrrolidin‐5‐ylidene) leads to a fragmentation and the formation of an unprecedented As6‐sawhorse‐type compound [As2(AsEtCAAC)4] (2). The reaction of (LE)2 (L=PhC(NtBu)2; E=Si, Ge) with I resulted in a rearrangement and an insertion of LE fragments, forming unique silicon‐ (4: [Cp*Fe(η4‐As4SiL)], 5 a: [Cp*Fe(η4‐As6SiL)) and germanium‐containing (5 b: [Cp*Fe(η4‐As6GeL)) cyclic polyarsenic ligand complexes.