bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A characterization study of Wadi Thamad oil shale: Towards a new source of energy in Jordan
Authors: Al‐Ananzeh Nada M. , Bani‐Melhem Khalid , Khasawneh Hussam Elddin , Al‐Jarrah Asem , Abuawwad Ibrahim F.
Published: September 2024

Jordan's energy sector faces significant challenges due to rising fuel prices, making the exploration of local energy resources crucial. The abundant oil shale deposits in Wadi Thamad present a promising opportunity. Since Wadi Thamad oil shale has never been studied before, this research focuses on the Wadi Thamad basin near Madaba, Jordan, aiming to comprehensively characterize its oil shale using advanced analytical techniques. Using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry, this study assesses the mineralogical, chemical, and thermal properties of Wadi Thamad oil shale. The findings reveal calcite and quartz as the primary minerals, with significant aliphatic, CO2, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. Elemental analysis highlights essential oxides, such as CaO and SiO2. Fischer assay results indicate an oil content of 5.3–10.1 wt%, a gross‐calorific value of 4.56–7.69 MJ/kg, and a sulfur content of 1.77–2.10 wt%. The peak pyrolysis temperature is 432.4°C from TGA. This research's novelty lies in its comprehensive approach to characterizing the underexplored Wadi Thamad oil shale basin. The findings enhance the understanding of Wadi Thamad's geological composition and underscore its potential as a local energy resource, contributing valuable data to Jordan's energy portfolio and offering economic benefits.
Identification of the vortex in the main flow passage of a multiphase pump and the relationship with pressure fluctuation
Authors: Shi Guangtai , Tang Manqi , Lv Wenjuan , Peng Xiaodong , Quan Hui
Published: September 2024

This article investigates the evolution of vortex structures in the impeller channel of a multiphase pump. By capturing the vortices in the impeller channel using the vorticity and Q‐criterion, the generation location of the vortex structures is analyzed, and the pressure fluctuations induced by vortices in the main flow passage of the impeller are studied in terms of their time‐ and frequency‐domain characteristics. The relationship between the vorticity and the amplitude of pressure fluctuations at the main frequency of the impeller is further investigated. This study develops a method of identifying vortices in the impeller channel of the multiphase pump, and reveals the intrinsic connection between the vortices and pressure fluctuations in the main flow passage. These findings offer some suggestions for eliminating the influence of vortices and enhancing the pressurizing capabilities of multiphase pumps.
Comparative analysis of novel data‐driven techniques for remaining useful life estimation of wind turbine high‐speed shaft bearings
Authors: Pandit Ravi , Santos Matilde , Sierra‐García Jesus Enrique
Published: September 2024

As the global momentum for wind power generation accelerates, the industry faces substantial challenges due to premature failures in wind turbine components. These failures, particularly in critical elements like the high‐speed shaft bearing, lead to significant operational losses, including unplanned downtime and elevated maintenance costs. To mitigate these issues, it's crucial to have precise predictions of the remaining useful life (RUL) of these components, enabling timely interventions and more efficient maintenance schedules. This article proposes advanced, data‐driven approaches for estimating the RUL of wind turbine high‐speed shaft bearings, utilizing cutting‐edge techniques such as long short‐term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), gated recurrent units (GRU), and random forest (RF) algorithms. Our analysis leverages vibration data from a 2 MW wind turbine equipped with a 20‐tooth pinion gear, providing a thorough validation and comparison of these methodologies against traditional models. Our results reveal that the LSTM and BiLSTM models excel in both accuracy and computational efficiency for predicting RUL and enhancing system prognosis, surpassing the performance of conventional RF and GRU methods. This research underscores the potential of our innovative data‐driven strategies to develop effective RUL estimation algorithms, significantly advancing wind turbine proactive operation and maintenance operations.
Comparing Ancestry Standardization Approaches for a Transancestry Colorectal Cancer Polygenic Risk Score
Authors: Rosenthal Elisabeth A. , Hsu Li , Thomas Minta , Peters Ulrike , Kachulis Christopher , Patterson Karynne , Jarvik Gail P.
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease with monogenic, polygenic and environmental risk factors. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) aim to identify high polygenic risk individuals. Due to differences in genetic background, PRS distributions vary by ancestry, necessitating standardization. We compared four post‐hoc methods using the All of Us Research Program Whole Genome Sequence data for a transancestry CRC PRS. We contrasted results from linear models trained on A. the entire data or an ancestrally diverse subset AND B. covariates including principal components of ancestry or admixture. Standardization with the training subset also adjusted the variance. All methods performed similarly within ancestry, OR (95% C.I.) per s.d. change in PRS: African 1.5 (1.02, 2.08), Admixed American 2.2 (1.27, 3.85), European 1.6 (1.43, 1.89), and Middle Eastern 1.1 (0.71, 1.63). Using admixture and an ancestrally diverse training set provided distributions closest to standard Normal. Training a model on ancestrally diverse participants, adjusting both the mean and variance using admixture as covariates, created standard Normal z‐scores, which can be used to identify patients at high polygenic risk. These scores can be incorporated into comprehensive risk calculation including other known risk factors, allowing for more precise risk estimates.
Effectiveness of educational intervention on quality of life in adults with thalassemia major: A quasi‐experimental study based on PRECEDE model
Authors: Hassani Laleh , Seyrafi Niloofar , Mohammadi Sama , Aghamolaei Teamur , Ghanbarnejad Amin , Reza Evazi Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim

Due to the adverse effects of their disease, patients with thalassemia major face many problems such as a lack of proper growth, enlarged spleen and liver, bone disorders, especially the bones of the head and face. As a result of the long treatment process of this disease, other aspects of their life are also affected. The physical and mental problems in this population of patients will lead to frustration and lower social performance and quality of life. The present study aimed to explore the effect of an educational intervention based on the PRECEDE model on quality of life of adults with thalassemia major in Hormozgan province.

Methods

The present quasi‐experimental study was conducted on 234 adults with major thalassemia who visited the thalassemia medical centers in Hormozgan province in 2022. The participants were selected through a simple randomization from two cities of Hormozgan province (Bandar Abbas as the intervention group and Minab as the control). Each group had an equal number of participants (n = 117). The data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, a researcher‐made questionnaire based on the model constructs and the SF‐12 quality of life questionnaire. The instruments were once administered before the intervention and once again 4 months after the intervention. The educational intervention included 3 sessions a week, each 60 min in length, shared in WhatsApp and Telegram. The data were analyzed in statistical package for the social sciences version 24 using Mann−Whitney U‐test, chi‐square test, Wilcoxon's test, and analysis of covariance.

Findings

The results showed that after the educational intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, self‐efficacy, enabling afctors, reinforcing factors and the mean score of overall quality of life increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control (p < 0.05). The covariance analysis showed when the effect of the pretest score is removed, the mean scores of the model constructs and the quality of life are significantly different in the two groups.

Conclusion

Educational interventions based on the PRECEDE model can help identify factors affecting the quality of life on many aspects in patients with thalassemia major. Thus, these interventions help improve patients' quality of life. The present findings can guide health policy makers and experts use modern educational interventions to develop the educational content to promote a healthy lifestyle and self‐management in certain diseases such as thalassemia major.
HIV vaccination: Navigating the path to a transformative breakthrough—A review of current evidence
Authors: Scott Godfred Yawson , Worku Dominic
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge, with approximately 39 million people living with HIV worldwide as of 2022. Despite progress in antiretroviral therapy, achieving the UNAIDS “95‐95‐95” target to end the HIV epidemic by 2025 faces challenges, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa. The pursuit of an HIV vaccine is crucial, offering durable immunity and the potential to end the epidemic. Challenges in vaccine development include the lack of known immune correlates, suitable animal models, and HIV's high mutation rate. This study aims to explore the current state of HIV vaccine development, focusing on the challenges and innovative approaches being investigated.

Methods

In writing this review, we conducted a search of medical databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The exploration of messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines, which have proven successful in the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, presents a promising avenue for HIV vaccine development. Understanding HIV‐1's ability to infiltrate various bodily compartments, establish reservoirs, and manipulate immune responses is critical. Robust cytotoxic T lymphocytes and broadly neutralizing antibodies are identified as key components, though their production faces challenges. Innovative approaches, including computational learning and advanced drug delivery systems, are being investigated to effectively activate the immune system.

Results and Conclusions

Discrepancies between animal models and human responses have hindered the progress of vaccine development. Despite these challenges, ongoing research is focused on overcoming these obstacles through advanced methodologies and technologies. Addressing the challenges in HIV vaccine development is paramount to realizing an effective HIV‐1 vaccine and achieving the goal of ending the epidemic. The integration of innovative approaches and a deeper understanding of HIV‐1's mechanisms are essential steps toward this transformative breakthrough.
Clinically validated HPV assays offer comparable long‐term safety in primary cervical cancer screening: A 9‐year follow‐up of a population‐based screening cohort
Authors: Oštrbenk Valenčak Anja , Kroon Kelsi R. , Fabjan Danijela , Mlakar Jana , Seme Katja , Berkhof Johannes , Poljak Mario
Published: September 2024

Molecular testing for human papillomaviruses (HPV) is gradually replacing cytology in cervical cancer screening. In this longitudinal population‐based cohort study, 4140 women 20 to 64 years old attending organized screening were tested at baseline by five different screening methods and followed for 9 years. To assess long‐term safety, the cumulative risks of CIN2+/CIN3+ were estimated after a negative baseline result obtained by conventional cytology and four clinically validated HPV assays: Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2), RealTime High Risk HPV assay (RealTime), cobas 4800 HPV Test (cobas_4800), and Alinity m HR HPV (Alinity). HPV‐negative women at baseline had a substantially lower risk for CIN2+ compared to those with normal baseline cytology: 0.84% (95% CI, 0.46–1.22), 0.90% (95% CI, 0.51–1.29), 0.78% (95% CI, 0.42–1.15), and 0.75% (95% CI, 0.39–1.11) for hc2, RealTime, cobas_4800, and Alinity, respectively, compared to 2.46% (95% CI, 1.88–3.03) for cytology. No differences were observed between HPV assays in longitudinal sensitivity (range: 86.21%–90.36%) and negative predictive values (range: 99.54%–99.70%) for CIN2+ in women ≥30 years, but were significantly different from cytology (p < .05). The 9‐year cumulative risk of CIN2+ differed significantly between HPV genotypes, reaching 32.1% (95% CI, 14.5–46.1) for HPV16, 24.9% (95% CI, 4.7–40.8) for HPV18/45, 27.2% (95% CI, 14.6–37.8) for HPV31/33/35/52/58, and 8.1% (95% CI, 0.0–16.7) for HPV39/51/56/59. Four clinically validated HPV assays showed comparable safety and better assurance against precancerous lesions than cytology, but some important differences were identified in the performance characteristics of HPV assays impacting the referral rate. Information about the HPV genotype is valuable for guiding further clinical action in HPV‐based screening programs.
Positive character and psychological well‐being: A nuanced examination among adolescents from diverse rural–urban and migration contexts
Authors: Wang Yaqiong , Su Shaobing , Xiao Jiale , Lin Danhua
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Positive character is an integral component of positive youth development that relates to psychological well‐being among adolescents, yet the literature has largely overlooked its within‐group variation. This study examined the latent profiles of positive character and explored their variation in psychological well‐being across four adolescent groups (i.e., migrant, left‐behind, rural local, and urban local adolescents) within each profile.

Methods

A diverse sample of 15,895 adolescents from 10 provinces of China (Meanage = 13.16, SD = 2.53; 47.5% girls) completed a cross‐sectional survey on positive character and psychological well‐being in 2017. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted based on four positive characters. We investigated the distribution of each positive character profile across subgroups, as well as if and how the psychological well‐being varied across different adolescent groups within each profile.

Results

LPA revealed three subgroups, including “Thriving” (53.6%), “Moderate” (39.1%), and “Lagging” (7.4%) positive character profiles. The “Thriving” profile was more prevalent among the urban local (58.5%) and migrant (55.8%) adolescent groups, while the “Lagging” profile was most prevalent among the left‐behind adolescent group (11.6%). Urban local and migrant adolescents tended to show better psychological well‐being compared to rural local and left‐behind adolescents, and the disparities were generally more pronounced under the “Thriving” profile as compared to the “Moderate” and “Lagging” profiles.

Conclusions

Three positive character profiles were captured among four groups of Chinese adolescents varied in parental migration status and rural–urban residency. Tailored youth development programs are needed for different groups of adolescents varying in positive character profiles.
Stock Splits Puzzle: An Additional Answer From Pre‐Split Earnings Announcements
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Huy , Nguyen Duong , Quach Hao Manh , Pham The Anh
Published: September 2024

If stock splits are used by managers to convey private information to the public, we hypothesize that the information content of splits should be related to the information managers reveal during quarterly earnings announcements. Supporting this hypothesis, we find that post‐split stock returns and operating earnings growth are positively correlated with the 5‐day returns around the last earnings announcement prior to the splits. This relationship holds even after controlling for different characteristics, including size, book‐to‐market, and momentum. These findings add new evidence to the rich literature on the signaling hypothesis regarding the motivation behind this corporate event.
Prediction the Occurrence of Thalassemia With Hematological Phenotype by Diagnosis of Abnormal HbA1c
Authors: Wan Yafang , Zhang Yu , Li Tian , Chen Shuyue , Niu Changchun
Published: September 2024

Background

The current investigation aims to analyze the occurrence of thalassemia in patients who participated in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing in clinical laboratory showing high hemoglobin F (HbF) level (≥ 1.5%) or abnormal Hb peak and predict the main influence factors by using different statistical models.

Methods

The current investigation is a single‐center retrospective cohort study. HbA1c concentration was detected by using TOSOH HLC‐723G8 glycated hemoglobin analyzer. SNaPshot SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) typing and AccuCopy technology were employed to detect mutations in thalassemia‐related pathogenic genes.

Results

A total of 126 patients endured high HbF levels or abnormal Hb peak during HbA1c detection, and 66.7% of subjects (n = 84) showed thalassemia mutations. Three heterozygosity mutations, including c.52A>T (p.K18*), c.‐78A>G, and c.126_129delCTTT(p.F42Lfs*19) present in HBB gene, were also identified. ‐‐SEA/αα mutation demonstrated the youngest ages (p < 0.001). 17 M (p < 0.001) and 41/42 M (p < 0.01) mutations with β‐thalassemia showed higher HbF levels compared with patients without thalassemia mutations. Except for ‐α3.7, mutations in thalassemia showed lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) compared with patients without thalassemia mutations. Patients with thalassemia mutations showed younger age (p < 0.001), lower Hb (p < 0.001), MCV and MCH levels (p < 0.001), higher red blood cell (RBC) count (p < 0.001), and platelet distribution width (PDW) level (p = 0.007) than patients without thalassemia mutations. Three statistical models indicate MCV is the most valuable independent factor for predicting thalassemia and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves analysis of AUC (Area Under the Curve) of 0.855 (95% CI [0.787–0.923], p < 0.001) with MCV.

Conclusion

High HbF level (≥ 1.5%) or abnormal Hb peak present in HbA1c testing indicated high incident rate of thalassemia. MCV is the most valuable independent predicting factor for subjects having thalassemia.
Application of Different Staining Methods in the Diagnosis of Pigment‐Rich Melanoma
Authors: Chengmin Zhou , Jiayu Li , Jun Hou , Yang Liu , Zhou Yehan
Published: September 2024

Objective

To compare the application of different treatments in the diagnosis of melanoma with severe pigment interference, to solve the problem of pigment interference with immunohistochemical interpretation.

Methods

The pigment‐rich melanomas were first depigmented with potassium permanganate using a concentration gradient (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%) and a time gradient (1, 5, 10, 15, 30 min, 6 h), and the optimal concentration and time were found. Then, 12 cases of pigment‐rich melanoma tissues were collected, and the tissues were stained with diaminobenzidine (DAB), alkaline phosphatase‐fast red (AP red), multiplex immunofluorescence (MIF), and 3‐amino‐9‐ethylcarbazole (AEC), and ferrous sulfate, comparing different methods, positive expression of HMB45, MelanA, S100, SOX10, ki67.

Results

First, the concentration of 0.5% potassium permanganate after 15 min treatment of the pigment significantly faded, and the intensity of antibody positivity was better than other concentrations and time. Second, after depigmentation treatment, the antibody positivity rate was 41.7%–66.7% for DAB, 66.7%–91.7% for AP red, 83.3%–100% for multiplex immunofluorescence, 25%–33.3% for AEC, and 33.3% for ferrous sulfate.

Conclusion

AP red staining and mIF are more suitable for the diagnosis of melanoma with severe pigment interference, and AP red staining is more economical and practical.
Moving beyond vulnerability and focusing on resilience: An intersectional posttraumatic growth model for LGBTQ+ people of color
Authors: Obenauf Caterina , Szymanski Dawn M. , Owens Gina P.
Published: September 2024

In the context of the legacy of deficit‐focused research and application of theoretical models in research on minoritized groups that are underrepresented in the literature, we explored the strengths‐based literature among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people of color to develop a more inclusive and relevant understanding of how posttraumatic growth (PTG) occurs in this population. Our intersectional PTG model is tailored to the experiences of LGBTQ+ people of color that builds upon previous models of PTG, intersectionality theory, and empirical findings of trauma and PTG among LGBTQ+ people of color. Our intersectional PTG model incorporates the unique intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and cultural factors that are unique to this population and contribute to PTG. We challenge the limited scope of Criterion A traumatic events and emphasize empirical findings that support that LGBTQ+ people of color often experience posttraumatic stress after oppression and discrimination. Our model also recognizes the impact of intersecting risk factors, such as gendered racism, that may occur on various levels. Our model acknowledges that LGBTQ+ people of color have often demonstrated PTG in the face of adversity. Intrapersonal factors such as cognitive flexibility, interpersonal factors such as social support, and institutional and cultural factors such as identity‐related activism are identified as key contributors to resilience. We discuss practice implications, highlighting that clinicians should recognize limitations of traditional trauma frameworks and adopt culturally sensitive approaches when working with LGBTQ+ people of color. Overall, our model provides a foundation for strengths‐based interventions and research, emphasizing resiliency and potential for PTG in this population.
Microplastics induced ileum damage: Morphological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Saleh Shaimaa M. M. , Abdel‐Zaher Souzan , Mohamed Mahmoud S. , Sayed Alaa El‐Din H.
Published: September 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are small pieces of plastic that are widely distributed in the environment and accumulate within living organisms, so they are the most common types of pollutants at the present time. One of the most widespread types of MP in the environment is polyethylene (PE) MPs. There have been many published studies on the effect of PE MPs combined with other pollutants or chemicals such as benzoanthracene, emamectin benzoate, heavy metals and 4‐nonylphenol, on some marine, amphibian, and mouse models. However, research has rarely been conducted on how single‐use PE MPs affect the ileum of mammals. The current study is focused on the impact of PE MP exposure with different concentration (6, 60, 600 μg/mL PE/MPs) for 15 days, followed by 15 days of recovery on small intestine(ileum) of C57BL/6 murine model with precision and detail at the cell level by using different technique (histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscope). Results demonstrated that the intestinal tissue exhibited nuclear pyknosis, villus deformation, shortness of villi, degeneration of lamina propria, hyperplasia of goblet cells, increase of goblet cells secretion, Alcian blue and Periodic acid–Schiff stain positivity of intact goblet cells, highly significance of P53 immunoreaction expression specially in high concentrations (600 μg/day of PE/MPs) and Ki‐67 immunoreaction expression.

Research Highlights

Different doses of microplastics (MPs) induced sever morphological alternations and clinical observations.

MPs were deposits in cells and were observed in ultrastructure study.

Recovery period able to ameliorate to the most extent the alternations caused by MPs administration.
Platelet‐rich plasma intra‐articular knee injections from open preparation techniques do not pose a higher risk of joint infection: A systematic review of 91 randomized controlled trials and 5914 injections
Authors: Alazzeh Mohammad Sami , Naseh Hamza Adnan Mohammad , Vasiliadis Angelo , Laupheimer Markus , Kalifis Georgios , Al‐Dolaymi Ayyoub , Macchiarola Luca , Marín Fermín Theodorakys
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To compare the infection rate of intraarticular platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) knee injections between open and closed techniques in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the last decade.

Methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, PubMed, Scopus and Virtual Health Library were accessed in October 2022 using the terms ‘platelet‐rich plasma’, ‘PRP’, ‘knee’ and ‘tibiofemoral’ alone and in combination with Boolean operators AND/OR. RCTs published during the last 10 years evaluating PRP intra‐articular knee injections were considered eligible. Studies were excluded if the kit/preparation technique was not described. Data were presented using individual studies' absolute values, totals, and pooled percentages. Publication bias was assessed using the ROBIS tool.

Results

Ninety‐one studies met the predetermined eligibility criteria. Forty‐one implemented a closed technique, while 50 were open. All studies implementing a closed technique disclosed their commercial kits. Only 16 studies (17.58%) failed to report joint infections. Among the studies reporting joint infections as outcomes, 30 implemented a closed technique with 1195 patients, 1921 intra‐articular knee injections and 95.44% of patient follow‐up. On the other hand, 45 of them implemented an open technique with 2290 patients, 3993 intra‐articular knee injections and 97.07% of patient follow‐up. No patient had a joint infection among the included studies. Thirty‐three studies prepared their PRP in controlled environments (36.26%). Most studies did not report where the preparation occurred (48.35%). Only twelve studies disclosed using laminar flow during preparation (13.19%). The infection rate for both techniques was 0 per 1000 knee injections.

Conclusion

Open PRP preparation techniques do not pose a higher risk of joint infection and can lower manufacturing costs when appropriate facilities are available. However, PRP preparation setting and laminar flow implementation data are deficient, and minimal requirements for good manufacturing practices demand further studies while adhering to local and regional regulations.

Level of Evidence

Level I, systematic review of RCTs.
Short rainbow cycles for families of matchings and triangles
Authors: Guo He
Published: September 2024

A generalization of the famous Caccetta–Häggkvist conjecture, suggested by Aharoni, is that any family of sets of edges in , each of size , has a rainbow cycle of length at most . In works by the author with Aharoni and by the author with Aharoni, Berger, Chudnovsky, and Zerbib, it was shown that asymptotically this can be improved to if all sets are matchings of size 2, or all are triangles. We show that the same is true in the mixed case, that is, if each is either a matching of size 2 or a triangle. We also study the case that each is a matching of size 2 or a single edge, or each is a triangle or a single edge, and in each of these cases we determine the threshold proportion between the types, beyond which the rainbow girth goes from linear to logarithmic.
“It's a fight – the whole personality of the patient to win.” The development of concepts of psychosis in the Jewish Hospital in Warsaw, 1898–1943
Authors: Kornaj Jan
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the development of concepts of psychosis in the Jewish Hospital in Warsaw, within the context of social and historical processes to which the hospital was the subject and a broader scope of European concepts of psychosis. In the years 1898–1909, the first chief physician of the psychiatric ward, Adam Wizel, focused mainly on hysteria. The interest in psychoses was initiated by Maurycy Bornsztajn, who started to promote psychoanalytic ideas. The second decade of the functioning of the Jewish Hospital's psychiatric ward was marked by issues concerning the classification of psychoses. In the third decade, after Poland regained independence, psychosis became the main focus of the hospital's staff. Newly appointed psychiatrists, Gustaw Bychowski and Władysław Matecki, contributed substantially to the psychoanalytic understanding of psychosis. Bornsztajn continued to develop his psychoanalytically based concept of psychosis. Wizel changed his attitude toward psychoanalysis and acknowledged the importance of Freud's discoveries. Władysław Sterling contributed to the biological understanding of schizophrenia. In the last period, 1931–1943, the Jewish Hospital in Warsaw struggled with the consequences of the economic crisis in Poland, Wizel's death, and Bychowski's departure, which resulted in the reduced number of publications in the field of psychosis. Nevertheless, Bornsztajn managed to further develop his concept of somatopsychic schizophrenia and Matecki introduced the category of pseudo‐neurotic schizophrenia. The psychoanalytic approach developed by Wizel, Bornsztajn, Bychowski, and Matecki was supplemented with other influences, especially phenomenology. Wizel, Bychowski, and Matecki were advocates of the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of psychotic patients.
PIPAC Pharmacologic and Clinical Data
Authors: Cortés‐Guiral Delia , Kranenburg Onno , Sgarbura Olivia , Van Der Speeten Kurt , Taibi Albdelkader , Hübner Martin , Yacoov Almog Ben
Published: September 2024

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) emerged as an innovative intraperitoneal chemotherapy delivery system to overcome the issue of limited efficacy of systemic therapies to induce response in peritoneal malignancies. Promising results for patients with mesothelioma peritonei and peritoneal metastasis from gastric, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary tumors origin are changing the landscape for patients otherwise just facing palliative treatment. Ongoing trials will shed more light on the actual benefits of PIPAC.
Guideline From the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology and Brazilian College of Surgeons in Preventing and Managing Acute Hypoparathyroidism After Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Santa Ritta Barreira Carlos Eduardo , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Dias Fernando Luiz , Farias Terence Pires D. E. , Santos Izabella Costa , Vartanian José Guilherme , Beltrão André Maurício Ferrari , Feitosa Heládio , Neto Ruy Gomes , Oliveira Alexandre Ferreira , Ribeiro Reitan , Vanderlei Felipe Augusto Brasileiro , Duarte Felipe Henning Gaia , Filho Pedro Eder Portari , Pinheiro Rodrigo Nascimento
Published: September 2024

The risk of hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia is a critical concern in thyroid surgery. Preserving parathyroid gland vascularization during surgery is essential for effective prevention. Preoperative and postoperative management, including calcium and Vitamin D supplementation, is paramount. Measurement of parathyroid hormone levels after surgery is the best predictor of hypoparathyroidism. This guideline offers recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of acute hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery.
Novel Quantitative Liver Steatosis Assessment Method With Ultrasound Harmonic Imaging
Authors: Gong Ping , Zhang Jingke , Huang Chengwu , Lok U‐Wai , Tang Shanshan , Liu Hui , DeRuiter Ryan , Petersen Kendra , Knoll Kate , Robinson Kathryn , Watt Kymberly , Callstrom Matthew , Chen Shigao
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent liver disorder in Western countries, with approximately 20%–30% of the MASLD patients progressing to severe stages. There is an urgent need for noninvasive, cost‐effective, widely accessible, and precise biomarkers to evaluate liver steatosis. This study aims to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of a novel reference frequency method‐based ultrasound attenuation coefficient estimation (ACE) in both fundamental (RFM‐ACE‐FI) and harmonic (RFM‐ACE‐HI) imaging for detecting and grading liver steatosis.

Methods

An Institutional Review Board‐approved prospective study was carried out between December 2018 and October 2022. A total number of 130 subjects were enrolled in the study. The correlation between RFM‐ACE‐HI values and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF), as well as between RFM‐ACE‐FI values and MRI‐PDFF were calculated. The diagnostic performance of RFM‐ACE‐FI and RFM‐ACE‐HI was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, as compared to MRI‐PDFF. The reproducibility of RFM‐ACE‐HI was assessed by interobserver agreement between two sonographers.

Results

A strong correlation was observed between RFM‐ACE‐HI and MRI‐PDFF, with R = 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–0.92; P < .001), while the correlation between RFM‐ACE‐FI and MRI‐PDFF was R = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.50–0.76; P < .001). The area under the ROC (AUROC) curve for RFM‐ACE‐HI in staging liver steatosis grades of S ≥ 1 and S ≥ 2 was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.91–0.99; P < .001) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93–1.00; P < .001), respectively, and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.65–0.85) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.70–0.88) for RFM‐ACE‐FI, respectively. Great reproducibility was achieved for RFM‐ACE‐HI, with an interobserver agreement of R = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94–0.99; P < .001).

Conclusions

The novel RFM‐ACE‐HI method offered high liver steatosis diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility, which has important clinical implications for early disease intervention and treatment evaluation.
Single‐Shot Non‐Invasive Imaging Through Dynamic Scattering Media Beyond the Memory Effect via Virtual Reference‐Based Correlation Holography
Authors: Luo Yuzhen , Wang Zhiyuan , He Hanwen , Vinu R. V. , Luo Songjie , Pu Jixiong , Chen Ziyang
Published: September 2024

Non‐invasive wide‐field imaging through dynamic random media is a sought‐after goal with important applications ranging from medical diagnosis to remote sensing. However, some existing methods, such as speckle correlation‐based techniques, are limited in field of view due to the memory effect; while some other methods, such as wavefront shaping and transmission matrix techniques, face considerable challenges when applied in dynamic scenarios because of the complexity involved in modulation and measurement. These limitations significantly impede the effectiveness and applicability of these approaches. Here, the concept of virtual reference light (VRL), which allows for the reconstruction of the original object with just a single‐shot detection of the speckle is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the imaging field achieves a 3.8‐fold memory effect range. In the experimental setup, the light source and detector are positioned on one side of the random medium, while the sample is placed on the opposite side, enabling non‐invasive detection. Imaging results with both static and dynamic scattering media are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, offering an effective solution for real‐time target imaging and detection.
Moving from crisis response to a learning health system: Experiences from an Australian regional primary care network
Authors: Forrester Bianca , Fisher Georgia , Ellis Louise A. , Giddy Andrew , Smith Carolynn L. , Zurynski Yvonne , Sanci Lena , Graham Katherine , White Naomi , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic challenged primary care to rapidly innovate. In response, the Western Victorian Primary Health Network (WVPHN) developed a COVID‐19 online Community of Practice comprising general practitioners (GPs), practice nurses, pharmacists, aged care and disability workers, health administrators, public health experts, medical specialists, and consumers. This Experience Report describes our progress toward a durable organizational learning health system (LHS) model through the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis and beyond.

Methods

In March 2020, we commenced weekly Community of Practice sessions, adopting the Project ECHO (Extension of Community Health Outcomes) model for a virtual information‐sharing network that aims to bring clinicians together to develop collective knowledge. Our work was underpinned by the LHS framework proposed by Menear et al. and aligned with Kotter's eight‐step change model.

Results

There were four key phases in the development of our LHS: build a Community of Practice; facilitate iterative change; develop supportive organizational infrastructure; and establish a sustainable, ongoing LHS. In total, the Community of Practice supported 83 unique COVID‐19 ECHO sessions involving 3192 h of clinician participation and over 10 000 h of organizational commitment. Six larger sessions were run between March 2020 and September 2022 with 3192 attendances. New models of care and care pathways were codeveloped in sessions and network leaders contributed to the development of guidelines and policy advice. These innovations enabled WVPHN to lead the Australian state of Victoria on rates of COVID vaccine uptake and GP antiviral prescribing.

Conclusion

The COVID‐19 pandemic created a sense of urgency that helped stimulate a regional primary care‐based Community of Practice and LHS. A robust theoretical framework and established change management theory supported the purposeful implementation of our LHS. Reflection on challenges and successes may provide insights to support the implementation of LHS models in other primary care settings.
Why go gluten‐free? How the feeling of low power increases preferences for free‐from products
Authors: Zhang Lijun (Shirley) , Chan Elaine
Published: September 2024

Going gluten‐free and dairy‐free has become increasingly popular in the past 10 years, yet little research has examined the drivers of this dietary preference beyond medical reasons. This research investigates how the feeling of low power contributes to the growing popularity of free‐from products (e.g., gluten‐free, fragrance‐free). Five studies, using various statistical analyses (including regressions, analysis of variance, mediation, and moderation analysis) across both surveys and experiments, provide converging evidence that the feeling of low power increases preferences for free‐from products, driven by heightened perceived threat. Consistent with this account, low‐power individuals’ increased preference for free‐from products is attenuated (1) when their perceived threat is reduced through self‐affirmation, and (2) when advertising appeals highlight health benefits in a gain (vs. loss) frame. This research contributes to both the special diets and power literatures, offering practical implications for marketers of free‐from products by revealing a potential market segment and suggesting message framing strategies to better persuade consumers.
Substantiating the Short Burst Duration in Cortical Myoclonus
Authors: van der Veen Sterre , Maliepaard Amber , van der Stouwe Madelein , Dalenberg Jelle , Tuitert Inge , Elting Jan Willem J. , Tijssen Marina A.J.
Published: September 2024

Background

Myoclonus is characterized by involuntary, shock‐like movements, of which cortical (CM) and non‐cortical myoclonus (NCM) are most common. Electrophysiology can help differentiate between these subtypes; however, the diagnostic value of several features is largely unknown.

Objective

This study aims to determine the diagnostic value of the burst duration in distinguishing CM and NCM.

Methods

We manually identified the burst duration of 8 patients with CM, confirmed by electromyography–electroencephalography registration or somatosensory‐evoked potentials, and 19 patients with NCM, suspected due to a myoclonus‐dystonia phenotype (MYC/DYT‐SGCE positive and negative).

Results

The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to assess the diagnostic value. The burst duration of CM (31.1 ms) was significantly shorter than that of NCM (56.7 ms), with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 89.5% at a threshold of 45.0 ms. A minimum of 10 randomly selected bursts were sufficient for reliable diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion

The burst duration seems a valuable supportive diagnostic criterion for distinguishing CM and NCM.
Prediction of Backward Erosion, Pipe Formation and Induced Failure Using a Multi‐Physics SPH Computational Framework
Authors: Ma Guodong , Bui Ha H. , Lian Yanjian , Nguyen Tien V. , Nguyen Giang D.
Published: September 2024

Seepage‐induced backward erosion is a complex and significant issue in geotechnical engineering that threatens the stability of infrastructure. Numerical prediction of the full development of backward erosion, pipe formation and induced failure remains challenging. For the first time, this study addresses this issue by modifying a recently developed five‐phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) erosion framework. Full development of backward erosion was subsequently analysed in a rigid flume test and a field‐scale backward erosion‐induced levee failure test. The seepage and erosion analysis provided results consistent with experimental data, including pore water pressure evolution, pipe length and water flux at the exit, demonstrating the good performance of the proposed numerical approach. Key factors influencing backward erosion, such as anisotropic flow and critical hydraulic gradient, are also investigated through a parametric study conducted with the rigid flume test. The results provide a better understanding of the mechanism of backward erosion, pipe formation and the induced post‐failure process.
Growing Up With Neurogenic Bladder: Navigating the Challenges and Controversies in Pediatric to Adult Transition and Lifelong Care: A Report From the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group (NBRG)
Authors: Wood Dan , Welk Blayne , Khavari Rose , Stoffel John , Elliott Sean , Stampas Argy , Sadeghi Zhina , Elliott Chris , Lenherr Sara
Published: September 2024

Objective

Young adults with spina bifida (and other congenital neurologic diseases) have their own aspirations that may include education, employment, relationships and having children. As they move from pediatric to adult care, they must eventually transition to an adult healthcare team. The objective of this paper is to review the challenges and controversies in the transitional and adult care of people with congenital neurourological diseases.

Methods

The Research Group convened a meeting of its members and invited guests to better understand the healthcare challenges faced by these patients as they become adults. The group examined potential research opportunities focused on people with these diagnoses and themes related to their healthcare.

Results

Trust and clear communication are essential for effective patient transition. Ideally parents are involved in the transition to help reinforce independent self‐care and responsibility. Adolescents require education about sexual health and independence, which may not be part of the core skillset of a urologist. The healthcare team must promote self‐management and autonomy as early as practical. One of the major limitations is that adult care lacks the coordination of pediatric care, and patients may not have a “medical home.” Multidisciplinary clinics are ideal but face logistical barriers in adult medicine. Additional barriers include limited physicians with the required specialized training. In the adult system, financial constraints are a key challenge for patients and providers.

Conclusion

Collaboration, supported by institutions and new research, is vital for improving the neurourological care of young adults with complex diseases.

Trial Registration

This study reports on the proceedings of a meeting, and therefore clinical trial registration was not necessary.
Preventive Effects of Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Treatment on Urinary Bladder and Kidney Damage in Spinal Cord Injured Rats
Authors: Calderón‐Vallejo Denisse , Hernández‐Jasso Irma , Martínez‐Moreno Carlos Guillermo , Arámburo Carlos , Munoz Alvaro , Martínez‐Saldaña Ma. Consolación , Marmolejo‐Esparza Ernesto , García‐Santana Luis Felipe , Quintanar J. Luis
Published: September 2024

Introduction

One of the main causes of a neurogenic bladder is spinal cord injury (SCI),(SCI), which induces little or no bladder reflex activity. Because of this alteration, there is an increased risk of developing urinary tract infections and kidney damage. Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment has been shown to improve micturition in a rat model of SCI.

Aim

The present study was aimed at determining whether GnRH administration is capable to reduce bladder and kidney damage in rats with SCI.

Methods

Ovariectomized female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham, SCI with saline solution (SCI), and SCI treated with GnRH (SCI+GnRH) for 6 weeks. SCI was induced by compression at the T10 spinal level. At the end of the experiment, bladders and kidneys were processed for morphological and immunofluorescence analysis. For morphometric analysis, the thickness of the urothelium and the muscular layer of the bladder was measured, as well as the intensity of staining related to collagen in the kidney.

Results

At the end of the experiment, all animals in the sham group showed normal urination (100%), in contrast, the percentage of untreated injured rats (SCI) that did not require manual stimulation for micturition was 19%, while the treated group (SCI+GnRH) was 68%. A significative increase in bladder weight, urothelial and muscle thickness, and collagen‐related coloration in the kidney was observed in SCI when compared to sham rats.

Conclusion

GnRH administration decreased damage to the urinary bladder and kidneys after SCI in rats. These results suggest that this hormone could be a potential preventive treatment for SCI patients at risk of neurogenic bladder and kidney damage.

Trial Registration

Not applicable.
Monte‐Carlo based algorithm for reconstruction of oriented microstructure
Authors: Nizinkovskyi Rostyslav , Naumenko Konstantin , Krüger Manja
Published: September 2024

Despite the development of three‐dimensional imaging techniques in materials science, most of the microstructural data is taken from two‐dimensional sections. It includes images produced by optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Due to the stochastic indefinite characteristics of such sections, it is a challenge to reproduce three‐dimensional microstructure characteristics quantitatively. Several analytical techniques were developed in stereology to overcome such limitations. Nevertheless, available analytical techniques are restricted to limiting cases of entirely random or fully coaxial orientation of microstructural features. On the other hand, achieving ideal coaxiality of such inclusions in actual technological conditions is not achievable. In this work, the Monte‐Carlo‐based optimization algorithm is constructed to overcome the limitations of existing stereometric models. This algorithm considers information from longitudinal and transverse sets of images. Orientations, as well as size distributions, are taken into account. The model operates under the assumption of log‐normal distribution of 3d size characteristics and von Mises distributions of angles. Then, a derivation‐free optimization algorithm is used to match histograms of simulated and observed sections. The method for estimating the initial values of optimized variables is proposed, based on the existing analytic solutions. The reconstruction algorithm is then applied to estimate three‐dimensional angle and size distributions of inclusion of phase in near‐eutectic alloy, produced by directional solidification technique. Finally, the algorithm's convergence is discussed, as well as its limitations and future developments.