bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-cell RNAseq analysis of spinal locomotor circuitry in larval zebrafish
Authors: Kelly Jimmy J , Wen Hua , Brehm Paul
Published: July 2023

Identification of the neuronal types that form the specialized circuits controlling distinct behaviors has benefited greatly from the simplicity offered by zebrafish. Electrophysiological studies have shown that in addition to connectivity, understanding of circuitry requires identification of functional specializations among individual circuit components, such as those that regulate levels of transmitter release and neuronal excitability. In this study, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to identify the molecular bases for functional distinctions between motoneuron types that are causal to their differential roles in swimming. The primary motoneuron, in particular, expresses high levels of a unique combination of voltage-dependent ion channel types and synaptic proteins termed functional ‘cassettes.’ The ion channel types are specialized for promoting high-frequency firing of action potentials and augmented transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction, both contributing to greater power generation. Our transcriptional profiling of spinal neurons further assigns expression of this cassette to specific interneuron types also involved in the central circuitry controlling high-speed swimming and escape behaviors. Our analysis highlights the utility of scRNAseq in functional characterization of neuronal circuitry, in addition to providing a gene expression resource for studying cell type diversity.
The Na+ leak channel NALCN controls spontaneous activity and mediates synaptic modulation by α2-adrenergic receptors in auditory neurons
Authors: Ngodup Tenzin , Irie Tomohiko , Elkins Seán P , Trussell Laurence O
Published: July 2023

Cartwheel interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) potently suppress multisensory signals that converge with primary auditory afferent input, and thus regulate auditory processing. Noradrenergic fibers from locus coeruleus project to the DCN, and α2-adrenergic receptors inhibit spontaneous spike activity but simultaneously enhance synaptic strength in cartwheel cells, a dual effect leading to enhanced signal-to-noise for inhibition. However, the ionic mechanism of this striking modulation is unknown. We generated a glycinergic neuron-specific knockout of the Na+ leak channel NALCN in mice and found that its presence was required for spontaneous firing in cartwheel cells. Activation of α2-adrenergic receptors inhibited both NALCN and spike generation, and this modulation was absent in the NALCN knockout. Moreover, α2-dependent enhancement of synaptic strength was also absent in the knockout. GABAB receptors mediated inhibition through NALCN as well, acting on the same population of channels as α2 receptors, suggesting close apposition of both receptor subtypes with NALCN. Thus, multiple neuromodulatory systems determine the impact of synaptic inhibition by suppressing the excitatory leak channel, NALCN.
Image classification adversarial attack with improved resizing transformation and ensemble models
Authors: Li Chenwei , Zhang Hengwei , Yang Bo , Wang Jindong
Published: July 2023

Convolutional neural networks have achieved great success in computer vision, but incorrect predictions would be output when applying intended perturbations on original input. These human-indistinguishable replicas are called adversarial examples, which on this feature can be used to evaluate network robustness and security. White-box attack success rate is considerable, when already knowing network structure and parameters. But in a black-box attack, the adversarial examples success rate is relatively low and the transferability remains to be improved. This article refers to model augmentation which is derived from data augmentation in training generalizable neural networks, and proposes resizing invariance method. The proposed method introduces improved resizing transformation to achieve model augmentation. In addition, ensemble models are used to generate more transferable adversarial examples. Extensive experiments verify the better performance of this method in comparison to other baseline methods including the original model augmentation method, and the black-box attack success rate is improved on both the normal models and defense models.
Effects of company and season on blood fluke (Cardicola spp.) infection in ranched Southern Bluefin Tuna: preliminary evidence infection has a negative effect on fish growth
Authors: Power Cecilia , Carabott Melissa , Widdicombe Maree , Coff Lachlan , Rough Kirsten , Nowak Barbara , Bott Nathan J.
Published: July 2023

Aporocotylid blood flukes Cardicola forsteri and C. orientalis are an ongoing health concern for Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT), Thunnus maccoyii, ranched in Australia. Therapeutic application of praziquantel (PZQ) has reduced SBT mortalities, however PZQ is not a residual treatment therefore reinfection can occur after the single treatment application. This study documents the epidemiology of Cardicola spp. infection in ranched SBT post treatment over three ranching seasons (2018, 2019 and 2021). Infection prevalence (percentage of SBT affected) and intensity (parasite load) was determined by adult fluke counts from heart, egg counts from gill filaments and the use of specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for detection of C. forsteri and C. orientalis ITS-2 DNA in SBT hearts and gills. SBT Condition Index decreased as intensity of Cardicola spp. DNA in SBT gills increased, suggesting blood fluke infection had a negative effect on SBT growth (Spearman’s r = −0.2426, d.f. = 138, p = 0.0041). Prevalence and intensity of infection indicated PZQ remained highly effective at controlling Cardicola spp. infection in ranched SBT, 10 years after PZQ administration began in this industry. Company A had the highest prevalence and intensity of Cardicola spp. infection in 2018, and Company G had the highest in 2019. No consistent pattern was seen in 2021. Overall, intensity of infection did not increase as ranching duration increased post treatment. Results from this study improve our knowledge of the biology of blood flukes and helps the SBT industry to modify or design new blood fluke management strategies to reduce health risks and improve performance of SBT.
EN CONTRA DEL COMPROMISO CAUSAL DE LA PSIQUIATRÍA BIOLÓGICA
Authors:   University of Birmingham, England, Ambriz González Rafael
Published: July 2023

Se le llama ‘psiquiatría biológica’ a la vertiente de la investigación psiquiátrica que busca establecer asociaciones estables entre condiciones psiquiátricas y factores biológicos específicos. La búsqueda de tales asociaciones está motivada por lo que llamo el “compromiso causal” de la psiquiatría biológica, que es la presunción de que factores biológicos específicos son las causas principales de las condiciones psiquiátricas. En este artículo argüiré que dicho compromiso es una presunción implausible sobre esas condiciones, pues la mejor evidencia psiquiátrico-biológica disponible no lo respalda y es dudoso que la evidencia futura lo hará.
Diversification of Surimi-based Processed Products (Fish Meatballs) With the Addition of Madidihang Fish Bone Meal
Authors: Talib Ahmad , Tangke Umar
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Natural resources in North Maluku, especially in the field of fisheries, are very abundant, therefore reliable human resource support is needed to manage them, besides that skills and technology are needed to manage these resources. Resource management requires the following strategies: (a) to intervene in the market so that fish prices remain stable in North Maluku Province; (b) to ensure continuous and sustainable availability of raw materials, a strong and resilient trading system (logistics) is needed by establishing a fisheries logistics system equipped with a fish stocking center (stocking area); (c) intervention is needed in the form of a local government policy commitment to stabilize fish prices in traditional markets; (d) expanding processed products.

Research Purposes: This study was to produce surimi and then process it into fishball products and then carry out organoleptic tests including appearance, smell, taste and texture. The development of value-added processed products through the development of a modern processing industry that is competitive with the development of high value-added products that already have a market, for example breaded products, needs to be carried out to meet the ever-increasing consumer needs.

Methodology: The method used in this study is to use experimental methods on a scale lab, by taking advantage of the waste of the madidihang fish bone while the goal to be achieved in this study is to produce the flour surimi of the madidihang bone with concentration (a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5) the surimi are then used for product production (fish balls).  

Results: The results obtained in this study were to produce surimi from yellowfin meat of good quality, this was indicated when it was used for making fish balls which had very good gel strength. Another thing that resulted from this study was that the organoleptic tests including appearance, smell, taste and texture had very good values. Although the best treatment was A5 with a concentration of 3.2% yellowfin bone meal.

Conclusion: This study indicated that fish meatballs treated with fish bone meal A5 had the highest average value for all attributes including (appearance, smell, taste and texture) and the lowest score was in treatment A1.
Impact of Rythu Bharosa Kendra’s as Perceived by the Farmers
Authors: Babu N. Nagendra , Venkataramulu M. , Prasad H. D. Venu , Sarma A. S. R. , Usha M.
Published: July 2023

Rythu Barosa Kendras (RBKs) in Andhra Pradesh aim to support farmers by providing various services and resources. Their impact on farmers' perception and utilisation has become crucial for the agricultural landscape. This study investigates the RBK services' impact using non-parametric statistical methods. The services of the RBK’s were finalised using face validity and multi-stage sampling techniques were employed to select a representative sample of 60 farmers. Results indicate that variables like caste and annual income were significant at 1 % whereas education, occupation, land holding and the source of information was significant at 5 %, influencing the perception of services. However, none of the variables under study affect service utilisation. Identified constraints include non-availability of seeds, fertilizers, green manure, fodder crop seeds, and micronutrients at RBK. Lack of credit-based input supply, farm machinery, equipment, tarpaulin, and cold storage/godowns, along with insufficient staff and marketing facilities, also hinder performance. The study highlights the valuable role of AEOs in shaping farmers' perceptions about agricultural services through the provision of information and knowledge. However, this perception did not directly lead to increased service utilization. Policymakers and stakeholders in the agricultural sector should focus on strengthening the AEOs' role and improving the accessibility of agricultural services to enhance productivity and development in the State.
Pulse Dose Methylprednisolone Therapy in a Cohort of Very Severe COVID-19 Patients in a Resource-limited Setting in Myanmar: A Case Series of 13 Patients
Authors: Aye Than Than , Tun Hpone Pyae , Myat Kaung , Han Tin Myo , Tun Naing Lin , Lwin Nay Myo , Soe Thiha
Published: July 2023

Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has very high mortality in severe forms of disease, where immunopathology plays an important role. Use of immunomodulating therapies including 6 to 12 mg of dexamethasone is well established. Higher doses of corticosteroids were used with reported success in some settings. This study aims to explore the role of pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy in very severe COVID-19 patients in preventing the need for ICU care and death in resource-limited setting.

Study Design: Retrospective case series study.

Place and Duration of Study: Oak-ta-chat-thal-ta-pwint COVID-19 treatment center in Yangon, Myanmar between September 2021 to December 2021.

Methodology: This study included 13 confirmed COVID-19 patients with severe to critical illness, who were treated with pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy. We reviewed the patients’ demographics, comorbidities, and disease severity before starting pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy and changes in oxygen requirement, chest X-ray scores, inflammatory markers, development of significant clinical events, and 28 days mortality after therapy.

Results: Before pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy, all 13 patients had very severe disease (mean SPO2/FiO2 = 173 mmHg, mean SPO2 = 88.54%, mean CRP = 115 mg/L, mean ferritin = 1,295.5 ng/mL and mean Brixia Score = 6.54). They received 3-7 days (mean = 5.5 days) of pulse dose methylprednisolone. Ten patients (76%) survived in a setting with limited ICU care. High ferritin was a significant predictor of mortality. Improvement in oxygen requirement was noticeable after 1-11 days (mean = 5.6 days). Hyperglycemia was common and confirmed bacterial infection was found in 3 patients, but all patients received empirical antibiotics therapy.

Conclusion: Pulse-dose methylprednisolone therapy may be an effective salvage therapy in a carefully selected subset of very severe COVID-19 patients. It might be a feasible alternative to other more expensive immunomodulating agents and organ support treatments in a resource-limited setting.
Silicon Improved Water Stress Tolerance in Rice Genotypes
Authors: Snehalatha D. , Bharghavi J. , Rao P. Raghuveer , Srikanth B. , Kumar C. V. Sameer , Ramesh T.
Published: July 2023

Rice is an important cereal crop, is mostly grown as a staple food in developing nations. One of the main causes restricting rice productivity is drought, which has a detrimental effect on global food security. Silicon increases antioxidant activity and lessens plant oxidative damage. In the current study, eight rice cultivars were subjected to foliar silicon spray to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing water stress. The plants were foliar sprayed with silicon under well-watered and drought-stressed circumstances. The collected data showed that drought stress significantly reduced physiological parameters, growth, and yield. In comparison with control, silicon application (T2) has increased LAI by 50.13%, RWC by 0.24%, total dry matter by 18.86%, productive tiller number by 30%, number of panicles m-2 by 26.10%, number of grains panicle-1 by 24.60%, test weight by 29.26% and grain yield by 10.60%; water stress alone (T3) reduced LAI by 38.06%, RWC by 21.02%, total dry matter by 38.88%, productive tiller number by 30%, number of panicles m-2 by 33.45%, number of grains panicle-1 by 42.85%, test weight by 34.87% and grain yield by 40.88%; while silicon + water stress (T4) reduced LAI by 3.41%, RWC by 16.89%, total dry matter by 8.45%, productive tiller number 0.00%, number of panicles m-2 by 13.97%, number of grains panicle-1 by 18.25%, test weight by 24.50% and grain yield by 19.24% only. Overall, silicon application has ameliorated the negative impacts of drought stress on rice and improved the growth, physiological traits and yield under both well-watered and water stress conditions. To increase the quality of the yield and to generate rice cultivars that can withstand drought stress, silicon should be incorporated into breeding programmes.
Damage Caused by Lepidopteran Pests on Maize Fields in Yamoussoukro, Central Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Adja Armand Nahoulé , Bley-Atse Appolinaire Bley , Gnago Jean Ayékpa , Tienebo Eric-Olivier , Danho Mathias
Published: July 2023

Various larvae of Lepidoptera cause severe damage to maize crops. The dynamics of these maize larvae pests have been studied during all stages of plant development. The trial was carried out on the Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët-Boigny farm plots in Yamoussoukro (central Cote d’Ivoire). The study aims were to monitor the dynamics, determine the importance (frequency and abundance), and assess the damage of Lepidopteran pests on the maize variety EV8728 SR using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The variety was sown on 05 September 2020. Insects were characterized with keys following on-site observation and capture of larvae on the plants. Five Lepidopteran species, grouped into three families, were counted on the plots. Spodoptera frugiperda was the most frequent (Occurrence C = 20.9%) and highly abundant (Relative Abundance Ar = 65.79%). The other Lepidoptera species were rare (C < 5%). However, Sesamia calamistis was very abundant (Ar=15.22%), while Eldana saccharina (Ar = 9.44%) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Ar = 5.25%) were abundant. Helicoverpa zea is scarcely abundant (Ar=4.3%). Furthermore, three Lepidoptera species (E. saccharina, O. nubilalis, and H. zea) were as minor pests (Damage Index I < 10%), while S. calamistis was important pest (I < 25%) and S. frugiperda was major pest (I< 75%). The populations of the insects fluctuated during crop development. The mean dried grain yield varied from 2.4±0.42 to 2.61±0.71 t/ha. Populations of S. frugiperda larvae and their damage appeared more important than those of other Lepidoptera. Knowledge of maize lepidopteran larvae is essential for effectively and efficiently controlling these pests and improving the quality and quantity of maize production.
Evaluation of Biochemical Properties and Sensory Parameters of Short Duration Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Hybrids and Varieties
Authors: Lautre Reema , Sadawarti Murlidhar J. , Lekhi Rajesh , Samadhiya R. K. , Singh S. P. , Patidar Payal , Kumar Vinod , Verma Dharminder , Dangi Roop Singh
Published: July 2023

In present investigation, 13 (6 hybrids and 7 controls) different short duration potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) hybrids and varieties were evaluated for biochemical, quality and sensory parameters grown at ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute Research Station, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during 2019-20. Variation in biochemical parameters viz., reducing sugar, Total Soluble Solids, starch content, phenols and total free amino acids were recorded. Variation was also recorded in terms of tuber and haulm dry matter in hybrids and varieties and none of the hybrid/ varieties gave higher tuber dry matter at 60 and 75 days hence found to be not suitable for processing at early days. Different parameters for judging of boiled potatoes includes- color, taste, texture size and overall acceptability in scale of 1-10. The result revealed that overall acceptability of boiled tuber of Kufri Lauvkar found superior followed by hybrid P-31/J/7-37, Kufri Mohan, P-36/J/8-91 & P-27/J/-05 as compared to other hybrids and varieties. Texture is one of the most important quality attributes of potato tubers. It not only affects consumer preference, but it also influences the release of volatile flavour components during chewing. These characteristics are very important for marketing of potatoes as well as tubers intended for processing. The information from this study can be utilized for further research work for value addition and processing.
Pengendalian Titik Berat pada Mobile Robot
Authors: Rahardjo Andreas , Khoswanto Handry , Warpindyasmoro Heri Saptono
Published: July 2023

Mobile robot saat melewati kemiringan medan tertentu memiliki berbagai macam masalah. Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi adalah mobile robot yang memiliki ketinggian tertentu saat melewati medan dengan kemiringan tertentu akan menyebabkan mobile robot terbalik. Desain dari mobile robot ini dikhususkan untuk melewati medan dengan kemiringan tertentu. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan beban tambahan yang disebut sebagai beban dinamis. Beban dinamis digunakan untuk melakukan pergeseran titik berat. Data kemiringan medan yang dilalui mobile robot diperoleh melalui pembacaan accelerometer sedangkan massa beban statis yang dibawa oleh mobile robot diinputkan melalui bluetooth. Kedua data tersebut diolah oleh Arduino untuk menggerakkan motor stepper yang akan menggeser beban dinamis pada posisi tertentu. Mobile robot yang dihasilkan memiliki massa total sebesar 2550 gram dan tinggi beban statis pada posisi 40 cm. Dari hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa massa beban statis maksimum yang dapat dilakukan kompensasi oleh beban dinamis adalah sebesar 350 gram pada kemiringan medan uji 30O dengan perpindahan beban dinamis sebesar 11 cm pada 30O dan 10 cm pada -30O. Pembacaan sensor accelerometer memiliki kesalahan rata-rata pembacaan sebesar 5,88 %. Persentase tingkat keberhasilan mobile robot melalui medan uji dengan kemiringan maksimal 30O sebesar 98,10 %
Pembuatan Smart Power Outlet Berbasis Smartphone Android
Authors: Thamrin Filipus Felix , Santoso Petrus , Hosea Emmy
Published: July 2023

Smart power outlet adalah sebuah perangkat elektronik yang dapat digunakan untuk mematikan/menyalakan perangkat elektronink lain yang terpasang pada outlet. Smart power outlet dikendalikan menggunakan sebuah smartphone. Smart power outlet yang sudah ada di pasaran saat ini memiliki rentang harga sekitar 300.000 sampai 1.000.000 rupiah, dengan fitur yang bermacam-macam. Pada tugas akhir ini akan dibuat smart power outlet dengan harga yang murah dan memiliki fitur yang lengkap. Sistem ini terdiri dari perangkat smart power outlet dan smartphone android. Smartphone android digunakan untuk mengendalikan smart power outlet. Smartphone android berkomunikasi dengan smart power outlet dengan menggunakan jaringan WiFi. Untuk dapat menerima dan memproses perintah dari smartphone android, smart power outlet menggunakan 3 komponen utama yaitu board NodeMcu, modul relay 5V, serta sensor arus ACS712. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, pengukuran arus AC dengan menggunakan sensor arus ACS712 memiliki error sebesar 3,6%. Untuk sebuah smart power outlet pada tugas akhir ini memiliki harga modal sebesar 263.000 rupiah.
Desain Antarmuka Aplikasi Mobile Pada Sistem Parkir Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Kosasih David Ishak , Lim Resmana , Santoso Petrus
Published: July 2023

Dalam paper ini dijelaskan desain aplikasi mobile pada sistem parkir berbasis internet of things. Pada sistem ini, data dari area parkir (status slot dan aktivitas penggunaan area parkir) akan dikirim menuju aplikasi mobile. Sistem ini memiliki 4 bagian utama yaitu server lokal, ubidots cloud, server publik, dan aplikasi mobile. Server lokal bertugas untuk mengelola data dari sebuah area parkir untuk kemudian dikirim menuju ubidots cloud. Ubidots cloud bertugas untuk menyimapan data dari area parkir. Selanjutnya, server publik akan mengambil data dari ubidots cloud untuk diproses dan dikirim menuju aplikasi mobile. Terdapat 3 macam pengguna aplikasi mobile yaitu pengguna biasa, pengguna pra bayar dan pengguna admin. Pengguna biasa dan pra bayar adalah orang yang menggunakan area parkir pada umumnya. Pengguna pra bayar sendiri merupakan pengguna area parkir yang melakukan proses pembayaran di depan dengan menggunakan kartu RFID. Pengguna admin adalah orang yang memiliki hak akses penuh atas sebuah area parkir seperti pengelola. Dari hasil pengujian pada sistem ini didapatkan bahwa penggunaan memory pada aplikasi mobile cukup stabil. Selain itu, penggunaan jaringan pada aplikasi mobile ini di bawah 1 detik untuk menerima dan mengirim data menuju server.
Sistem Untuk Mengklasifikasikan Emosi Dan Mendeteksi Wajah Pada Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Limanjaya Leonard Christopher , Khoswanto Handry , Sugiarto Indar
Published: July 2023

Sistem pembelajaran offline masih belum dapat tergantikan oleh pembelajaran online. Kualitas belajar anak dapat dilihat dari ketertarikan anak saat belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang program untuk mendeteksi kehadiran siswa (behavioral engagement) dan mengklasifikasikan emosi siswa (emotional engagement) dalam pembelajaran online. Pendeteksian engagement ini dilakukan melalui kamera dan dikirimkan ke database. Sistem ini juga menyediakan halaman web bagi guru untuk melihat dan mengevaluasi data siswa.

Sistem ini dibuat terpisah dari platform pembelajaran online. Sistem ini akan menggunakan laptop siswa untuk mengolah gambar dari webcam. Program akan memproses gambar untuk mengambil data tentang keterlibatan siswa saat belajar. Ini menerapkan konsep deep learning menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Python. Sebelum tahap klasifikasi emosi, program akan mengecek kehadiran siswa dengan deteksi wajah.

Sistem dapat melakukan deteksi wajah dan klasifikasi emosi ekspresi wajah berdasarkan hasil pengujian. Saat dilakukan pengujian pada anak-anak, akurasi sistem ini untuk ekspresi wajah adalah 74,8%. Sistem juga berhasil menampilkan data bacaan bahan evaluasi guru pada website.

 

Kata Kunci— Artificial Intelligence, CNN, Face Detection, Website, Desktop Application, dan API Gateway
Trends in Cardiovascular Health Counseling Among Postpartum Individuals
Authors: Cameron Natalie A. , Yee Lynn M. , Dolan Brigid M. , O’Brien Matthew J. , Greenland Philip , Khan Sadiya S.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Poor prepregnancy cardiovascular health (CVH) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are key risk factors for subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in birthing adults. The postpartum visit offers an opportunity to promote CVH among at-risk individuals.

Objective

To determine prevalence, predictors, and trends in self-reported CVH counseling during the postpartum visit.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Serial, cross-sectional analysis of data from 2016-2020 from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a nationally representative, population-based survey. The primary analysis included individuals who attended a postpartum visit 4 to 6 weeks after delivery with available data on receipt of CVH counseling, self-reported prepregnancy CVD risk factors (obesity, diabetes, and hypertension), and APOs (gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and preterm birth) (N = 167 705 [weighted N = 8 714 459]).

Exposures

Total number of CVD risk factors (0, 1, or ≥2 prepregnancy risk factors or APOs).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Annual, age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported postpartum CVH counseling per 100 individuals, defined as receipt of counseling for healthy eating, exercise, and losing weight gained during pregnancy, was calculated overall and by number of CVD risk factors. Average annual percent change (APC) assessed trends in CVH counseling from 2016 through 2020. Data were pooled to calculate rate ratios (RRs) for counseling that compared individuals with and without CVD risk factors after adjustment for age, education, postpartum insurance, and delivery year.

Results

From 2016 through 2020, prevalence of self-reported postpartum CVH counseling declined from 56.2 to 52.8 per 100 individuals among those with no CVD risk factors (APC, −1.4% [95% CI, −1.8% to −1.0%/y]), from 58.5 to 57.3 per 100 individuals among those with 1 risk factor (APC, −0.7% [95% CI, −1.3% to −0.1%/y]), and from 61.9 to 59.8 per 100 individuals among those with 2 or more risk factors (APC, −0.8% [95% CI, −1.3% to −0.3%/y]). Reporting receipt of counseling was modestly higher among individuals with 1 risk factor (RR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.07]) and with 2 or more risk factors (RR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.13]) compared with those who had no risk factors.

Conclusions and Relevance

Approximately 60% of individuals with CVD risk factors or APOs reported receiving CVH counseling at their postpartum visit. Prevalence of reporting CVH counseling decreased modestly over 5 years.
Antibiotic Prescription for Outpatients With COVID-19 in Primary Care Settings in Japan
Authors: Miyawaki Atsushi , Kitajima Kei , Iwata Akihiro , Sato Daichi , Tsugawa Yusuke
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study assesses the characteristics of patients and physicians associated with antibiotic prescription for COVID-19.
Highlights from the 1st European cancer dependency map symposium and workshop
Authors: Trastulla Lucia , Savino Aurora , Beltrao Pedro , Ciriano Isidro Cortés , Fenici Peter , Garnett Mathew J. , Guerini Ilaria , Bigas Nuria Lòpez , Mattaj Iain , Petsalaki Evangelia , Riva Laura , Tape Christopher J. , Leeuwen Jolanda Van , Sharma Sumana , Vazquez Francisca , Iorio Francesco
Published: July 2023

The systematic identification of tumour vulnerabilities through perturbational experiments on cancer models, including genome editing and drug screens, is playing a crucial role in combating cancer. This collective effort is known as the Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap). The 1st European Cancer Dependency Map Symposium (EuroDepMap), held in Milan last May, featured talks, a roundtable discussion, and a poster session, showcasing the latest discoveries and future challenges related to the DepMap. The symposium aimed to facilitate interactions among participants across Europe, encourage idea exchange with leading experts, and present their work and future projects. Importantly, it sparked discussions on future endeavours, such as screening more complex cancer models and accounting for tumour evolution.
Magnetic Responsive On‐Site Switching of the Directional Droplet Self‐Transport in Shape Memory Slippery Tube
Authors: Wang Ruijie , Jin Fan , Li Yufen , Gong Junkai , Lai Hua , Liu Yuyan , Cheng Zhongjun
Published: July 2023

The phenomenon of controlled droplet transport has promising application prospects in various fields. Active droplet transport mode is controllable through continuous external stimuli. By contrast, self‐transport is a more environmentally friendly and energy‐efficient passive transport mode but lacks controllability. In this study, controlled self‐transport is achieved by constructing a shape memory polymer (SMP) tube with a lubricated magnetic‐responsive gel inner surface. The asymmetrical shape of the tube, combined with the lubricated inner surface, enables directional self‐transport of droplets without external stimuli. Furthermore, the resistance on the inner gel surface can be altered by regulating the magnetic field to achieve effective active control during the self‐transport process. Thus, smart in situ control of droplet transport can be achieved by integrating the macroscale shape variation of the tube with the dynamic control of the inner surface microstructure. Owing to the fast magnetic responsivity and in situ controllability of the self‐transport process, the SMP lubricated tube demonstrates the ability to transport a variety of liquids and can be designed as a micro‐reactor for step‐by‐step droplet detection. The findings of this study may provide guidance for the development of intelligent interface materials and microfluidic devices.
Correlative Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Polycarbonate | X Interfacial Bond Formation (X = AlN, TiN, (Ti,Al)N) During Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Patterer Lena , Ondračka Pavel , Bogdanovski Dimitri , Mráz Stanislav , Karimi Aghda Soheil , Pöllmann Peter J. , Chien Yu‐Ping , Schneider Jochen M.
Published: July 2023

To understand the interfacial bond formation between polycarbonate (PC) and magnetron‐sputtered metal nitride thin films, PC | X interfaces (X = AlN, TiN, (Ti,Al)N) are comparatively investigated by ab initio simulations as well as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The simulations predict significant differences at the interface as N and Ti form bonds with all functional groups of the polymer, while Al reacts selectively only with the carbonate group of pristine PC. In good agreement with simulations, experimental data reveal that the PC | AlN and the PC | (Ti,Al)N interfaces are mainly defined by interfacial C─N bonds, whereas for PC | TiN, the interface formation is also characterized by numerous C─Ti and (C─O)─Ti bonds. Bond strength calculations combined with the measured interfacial bond density indicate the strongest interface for PC | (Ti,Al)N followed by PC | AlN, whereas the weakest is predicted for PC | TiN due to its lower density of strong interfacial C─N bonds. This study shows that the employed computational strategy enables prediction of the interfacial bond formation between PC and metal nitrides and that it is reasonable to assume that the research strategy proposed herein can be readily adapted to other organic | inorganic interfaces.
A Complementary Experimental and Theoretical Approach for Probing the Surface Functionalization of ZnO with Molecular Catalyst Linkers
Authors: Kousik Shravan R. , Solodenko Helena , YazdanYar Azade , Kirchhof Manuel , Schützendübe Peter , Richter Gunther , Laschat Sabine , Fyta Maria , Schmitz Guido , Bill Joachim , Atanasova Petia
Published: July 2023

The application of ZnO materials as solid‐state supports for molecular heterogeneous catalysis is contingent on the functionalization of the ZnO surface with stable self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of catalyst linker molecules. Herein, experimental and theoretical methods are used to study SAMs of azide‐terminated molecular catalyst linkers with two different anchor groups (silane and thiol) on poly and monocrystalline (0001, ) ZnO surfaces. Angle‐resolved and temperature‐dependent X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to study SAM binding modes, thermal stabilities, and coverages. The binding strengths and atomistic ordering of the SAMs are determined via atom‐probe tomography (APT). Density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations provide insights on the influence of the ZnO surface polarity on the interaction affinity and conformational behavior of the SAMs. The investigations show that SAMs based on 3‐azidopropyltriethoxysilane possess a higher binding strength and thermal stability than the corresponding thiol. SAM surface coverage is strongly influenced by the surface polarity of ZnO, and the highest coverage is observed on the polycrystalline surface. To demonstrate the applicability of linker‐modified polycrystalline ZnO as a catalyst support, a chiral Rh diene complex is immobilized on the azide‐terminal of the SAM and its coverage is evaluated via XPS.
Multidimensional stressors and protective factors shaping physicians' work environments and work‐related well‐being in two large US cities during COVID‐19
Authors: Buchbinder Mara , Jenkins Tania , Staley John , Berlinger Nancy , Buchbinder Liza , Goldberg Lily
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Clinician burnout and poor work‐related well‐being reached a critical inflection point during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article applies a novel conceptual model informed by the Total Worker Health® approach to identify and describe multilevel stressors and protective factors that affected frontline physicians' work environments and work‐related well‐being.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study of hospital‐based physicians from multiple hospital types in Los Angeles and Miami who cared for COVID‐19 patients. Semistructured interviews lasting 60–90 min were conducted over Zoom. Interview transcripts were thematically coded using Dedoose qualitative software.

Results

The final sample of 66 physicians worked in 20 hospitals. Stressors in the social, political, and economic environment included dealing with the politicization of COVID‐19, including vaccine hesitancy; state and federal governmental COVID‐19 policies and messaging; and shifting CDC guidance. Employment and labor pattern stressors included the national nursing shortage, different policies for paid time off, furloughs, reduced pay, and layoffs. Organizational‐level stressors included institutional policies, staffing constraints and high patient volume (i.e., increased number of cases and longer lengths of stay), and perceived poor leadership. At the individual worker level, stressors included concerns about viral transmission to family, strained personal relationships, and work‐life fit, particularly for those with young children. Respondents identified promising protective factors at multiple levels, including responsive state leadership, job security, concrete opportunities to provide input into institutional policy, strong leadership and communication, and feeling cared for by one's institution.

Conclusion

Findings support a multi‐level strategy that acknowledges internal organizational and external factors shaping clinicians' work‐related well‐being, consistent with the Total Worker Health® approach.
Olefin‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Electronegative Channels as Cationic Highways for Sustainable Lithium Metal Battery Anodes
Authors: Li Zhongping , Sun Linhai , Zhai Lipeng , Oh Kyeong‐Seok , Seo Jeong‐Min , Li Changqing , Han Diandian , Baek Jong‐Beom , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: July 2023

Despite the enormous interest in Li metal as an ideal anode material, the uncontrollable Li dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase have plagued its practical application. These limitations can be attributed to the sluggish and uneven Li+ migration towards Li metal surface. Here, we report olefin‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with electronegative channels for facilitating selective Li+ transport. The triazine rings and fluorinated groups of the COFs are introduced as electron‐rich sites capable of enhancing salt dissociation and guiding uniform Li+ flux within the channels, resulting in a high Li+ transference number (0.85) and high ionic conductivity (1.78 mS cm−1). The COFs are mixed with a polymeric binder to form mixed matrix membranes. These membranes enable reliable Li plating/stripping cyclability over 700 h in Li/Li symmetric cells and stable capacity retention in Li/LiFePO4 cells, demonstrating its potential as a viable cationic highway for accelerating Li+ conduction.
Low Ruthenium Content Confined on Boron Carbon Nitride as an Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Bai Xiaofang , Zhang Xiuping , Sun Yujiao , Huang Mingcheng , Fan Jiantao , Xu Shaoyi , Li Hui
Published: July 2023

To date, only a few noble metal oxides exhibit the required efficiency and stability as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts under the acidic, high‐voltage conditions that exist during proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). The high cost and scarcity of these catalysts hinder the large‐scale application of PEMWE. Here, we report a novel OER electrocatalyst for OER comprised of uniformly dispersed Ru clusters confined on boron carbon nitride (BCN) support. Compared to RuO2, our BCN‐supported catalyst shows enhanced charge transfer. It displays a low overpotential of 164 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, suggesting its excellent OER catalytic activity. This catalyst was able to operate continuously for over 12 h under acidic conditions, whereas RuO2 without any support fails in 1 h. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the interaction between the N on BCN support and Ru clusters changes the adsorption capacity and reduces the OER energy barrier, which increases the electrocatalytic activity of Ru.
Introducing Bidirectional Axial Coordination into BiVO4@Metal Phthalocyanine Core–Shell Photoanodes for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Pan Jin‐Bo , Wang Bing‐Hao , Shen Sheng , Chen Lang , Yin Shuang‐Feng
Published: July 2023

Core‐shell photoanodes have shown great potential for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. However, the construction of a high‐quality interface between the core and shell, as well as a highly catalytic surface, remains a challenge. Herein, guided by computation, we present a BiVO4 photoanode coated with ZnCoFe polyphthalocyanine using pyrazine as a coordination agent. The bidirectional axial coordination of pyrazine plays a dual role by facilitating intimate interfacial contact between BiVO4 and ZnCoFe polyphthalocyanine, as well as regulating the electron density and spin configuration of metal sites in ZnCoFe phthalocyanine, thereby promoting the potential‐limiting step of *OOH desorption. The resulting photoanode displayed a high photocurrent density of 5.7±0.1 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE. This study introduces a new approach for constructing core–shell photoanodes, and uncovers the key role of pyrazine axial coordination in modulating the catalytic activity of metal phthalocyanine.
One/Two‐Photon‐Excited ESIPT‐Attributed Coordination Polymers with Wide Temperature Range and Color‐Tunable Long Persistent Luminescence
Authors: Fu Peng‐Yan , Yi Shao‐Zhe , Wang Zhong‐Hao , Zhuang Jia‐Yi , Zhang Qiang‐Sheng , Mo Jun‐Ting , Wang Shi‐Cheng , Zheng Hao , Pan Mei , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: July 2023

The multiple metastable excited states provided by excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) molecules are beneficial to bring temperature‐dependent and color‐tunable long persistent luminescence (LPL). Meanwhile, ESIPT molecules are intrinsically suitable to be modulated as D‐π‐A structure to obtain both one/two‐photon excitation and LPL emission simultaneously. Herein, we report the rational design of a dynamic CdII coordination polymer (LIFM‐106) from ESIPT ligand to achieve the above goals. By comparing LIFM‐106 with the counterparts, we established a temperature‐regulated competitive relationship between singlet excimer and triplet LPL emission. The optimization of ligand aggregation mode effectively boost the competitiveness of the latter. In result, LIFM‐106 shows outstanding one/two‐photon excited LPL performance with wide temperature range (100–380 K) and tunable color (green to red). The multichannel radiation process was further elucidated by transient absorption and theoretical calculations, benefiting for the application in anti‐counterfeiting systems.
Searching the Chemical Space of Bicyclic Dienes for Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage Candidates
Authors: Hillers‐Bendtsen Andreas Erbs , Elholm Jacob Lynge , Obel Oscar Berlin , Hölzel Helen , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Mikkelsen Kurt V.
Published: July 2023

Photoswitches are molecular systems that are chemically transformed subsequent to interaction with light and they find potential application in many new technologies. The design and discovery of photoswitch candidates require intricate molecular engineering of a range of properties to optimize a candidate to a specific applications, a task which can be tackled efficiently using quantum chemical screening procedures. In this paper, we perform a large scale screening of approximately half a million bicyclic diene photoswitches in the context of molecular solar thermal energy storage using ab initio quantum chemical methods. We further device an efficient strategy for scoring the systems based on their predicted solar energy conversion efficiency and elucidate potential pitfalls of this approach. Our search through the chemical space of bicyclic dienes reveals systems with unprecedented solar energy conversion efficiencies and storage densities that show promising design guidelines for next generation molecular solar thermal energy storage systems.
Rheo‐kinetic study of 4‐(Dimethylsilyl) butyl ferrocene‐grafted HTPB‐based composite propellant and evaluation of casting rate
Authors: Hoque Ehtasimul , Ghosal Subhajit , Nagar Nisha , Patil Rajendra S.
Published: July 2023

The flow behaviour of 4‐(Dimethylsilyl) butyl ferrocene‐grafted HTPB‐based composite propellant (P01) and basic aluminized HTPB‐based propellant (P02) was investigated using shear rheometer. The experimental data were fitted to ‘power law’ for non‐Newtonian fluid flow, and the rheological parameters were expressed as consistency index (k) and pseudoplasticity index (n). For both the propellant compositions, a shear thinning nature (pseudoplasticity index; n < 1) has been observed. The study categorically showed that the incorporation of 4‐(Dimethylsilyl) butyl ferrocene‐grafted HTPB has resulted in increased consistency index (k) and yield stress as compared to HTPB based compositions. In addition, the time–temperature cure‐kinetics study suggested that the rate of curing reaction is higher with toluene diisocyanate as compared to isophorone diisocyanate and the Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) corroborated with the observed trend. Furthermore, the Haegen–Poisseuille equation modified for non‐Newtonian fluid flow has been employed to determine the theoretical casting rate for 4‐(Dimethylsilyl) butyl ferrocene‐grafted HTPB‐based composite propellant at different temperatures in a vacuum casting setup.
Predictive factors of delayed bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy requiring angioembolization
Authors: Irani Dariush , Haghpanah Abdolreza , Rasekhi Alireza , Kamran Hooman , Rahmanian Mahdi , Hosseini Mohammad Mehdi , Dejman Behnam , Kiani Sajad
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To investigate the predictive factors of delayed post‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) haemorrhage because of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or pseudoaneurysm (PA) and compare the factors between AVF and PA.

Patients and methods

This is a case–control study with a case‐to‐control ratio of 1:3. Out of 5077 patients who underwent PCNL from April 2015 to April 2018 in three different teaching hospitals, 113 had post‐PCNL haemorrhages because of AVF and/or PA. Seventy‐two patients met the inclusion criteria and entered the study as cases, while 216 patients without any postoperative complications were selected as controls.

Results

Of all 72 studied patients with complications after PCNL, 35 (48.6%) had AVF, and the rest had PA. The regression model revealed that a history of diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 2.799, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.392–5.630, p‐value = 0.004) and renal anomalies (OR: 2.929, 95% CI: 1.108–7.744, p‐value = 0.03) were associated with developing delayed post‐PCNL haemorrhage. However, no differences were seen between AVF and PA regarding selected variables (p‐value > 0.05).

Conclusion

History of diabetes and renal anomalies were predictive factors for delayed post‐PCNL haemorrhage, but no predictive factors were found to differentiate PA and AVF from one another.
Effect of stress on spatial working memory and EEG signal dynamics in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in young single girls
Authors: Torbaghan Malihe Eskandari , Moghimi Ali , Kobravi Hamid Reza , Fereidoni Masoud , Bigdeli Imanollah
Published: July 2023

Aim

Women undergo behavioral changes during the menstrual cycle. This study aimed to investigate the effect of estradiol (Es) on stress and effect of stress on spatial working memory (WM) and also to investigate electroencephalogram (EEG) signal's dynamics in the early and late follicular (EF and LF) and luteal (LU) phases of unmarried girls’ menstrual cycle.

Methods

Stress was induced by presentation of a short (3 min) movie clip. Simultaneous with a memory test and stress induction, EEG, serum Es levels, and galvanic skin response (GSR) were assessed.

Results

Serum Es concentrations were decreased in LF, LU, and EF phases. The mean GSR score decreased after stress induction in all three phases, but it increased in the LF and LU phases versus the EF phase. Spatial WM diminished after stress induction in all three phases, but it increased in the LF phase versus the two phases before and after stress induction. Average power spectrum density in all frequency bands increased after stress induction in the frontal and prefrontal channels in the spatial WM test.

Conclusion

The results showed that stress led to spatial WM dysfunction; however, Es improved spatial WM performance in the LF phase versus the other two phases.