bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЭПР в монокристаллах YbNiAl-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- с сильной магнитной анизотропией
Authors: Гатауллин Э.М. , Иваньшин В.A. , Изотов В.В. , Явкин Б.В. , Иваньшин Н.А. , Соколов Д.А.
Published: March 2017

Изучена анизотропия магнитных свойств интерметаллического соединения YbNiAl2. При температурах ниже 20 K зарегистрированы сигналы электронного парамагнитного резонанса, приписанные локализованным магнитным моментам трехвалентного иттербия. Процессы спин-решеточной релаксации типа процесса Орбаха-Аминова с участием первого возбужденного штарковского подуровня иона Yb3+ с энергией 96 K определяют электронную спиновую динамику и исчезновение линий спектра при дальнейшем повышении температуры. Эффекты сильной магнитной анизотропии обсуждаются в качестве основной причины возникновения электронного парамагнитного резонанса. Работа выполнена за счет средств субсидии, выделенной Казанскому федеральному университету для выполнения проектной части государственного задания в сфере научной деятельности. Б.В. Явкин признателен также РФФИ за частичную поддержку работы (грант N 14-02-31881 мол\_а). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44148.318
Формирование структуры и физико-механических свойств квазикристаллического сплава системы Al-Cu-Fe при плазменном напылении
Authors: Лепешев A.A. , Карпов И.В. , Ушаков A.B.
Published: March 2017

Приведены результаты исследования квазикристаллических покрытий, полученных при различных тепловых режимах напыления. Исходные квазикристаллические порошки были получены в плазме дугового разряда низкого давления и имели дисперсность 10-50 mum. Напыление покрытий проводилось на медные кольца качающимся плазмотроном. Установлено, что увеличение скорости закалки капель расплава приводит к повышению химической гомогенности и формированию наноструктурных образований. Выделение наноструктурных зерен (d<100 nm) в распыленном сплаве приводит к повышению механических характеристик (твердость, деформация, пластичность) и может рассматриваться как дополнительный фактор упрочнения материала. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства образования и науки РФ Сибирскому федеральному университету на выполнение НИР (задание N 11.370.2014/K). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44149.321
Мессбауэровские исследования пространственной спин-модулированной структуры и сверхтонких взаимодействий в мультиферроике Bi-=SUP=-57-=/SUP=-Fe-=SUB=-0.10-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-0.85-=/SUB=-Cr-=SUB=-0.05-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Покатилов В.С. , Русаков В.С. , Сигов А.С. , Белик А.А. , Мацнев М.Е. , Комаров А.Е.
Published: March 2017

Представлены результаты мессбауэровских исследований на ядрах 57Fe в мультиферроике Bi57Fe0.10Fe0.85Cr0.05O3 в диапазоне температур 5.2-300 K. Объемные ромбоэдрические образцы получены методом твердотельного синтеза при высоком давлении. Анализ мессбауэровских спектров проводился в рамках модели пространственной несоразмерной спин-модулированной структуры циклоидного типа. Получена информация о влиянии замещения катионов Fe катионами Cr на сверхтонкие параметры спектра: сдвиг и квадрупольное смещение мессбауэровской линии, изотропный и анизотропный вклады в сверхтонкое магнитное поле. Параметр ангармонизма m пространственной спин-модулированной структуры увеличивается почти в 1.7 раза при 5.2 K при допировании BiFeO3 хромом. Из данных по m рассчитаны константы одноосной магнитной анизотропии и их температурные зависимости для чистого и допированного хромом BiFeO3. Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ (грант N 14-02-01109a) и Минобрнауки РФ (госзадание N 2017/112 проект N 3.5859.2017/112). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44150.330
Люминесценция кристаллов иттрий-алюминиевого граната с примесью ионов Eu-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=-
Authors: Асатрян Г.Р. , Кулинкин А.Б. , Феофилов С.П. , Ованесян К.Л. , Петросян А.Г.
Published: March 2017

Исследована люминесценция образцов иттрий-алюминиевого граната Y3Al5O12 : Eu,Si. Установлено, что люминесценция связана с ионами Eu2+, но не соответствует внутрицентровым 4f65d1-4f7-переходам. Измерения времени жизни возбужденного состояния свидетельствуют о механизме люминесценции с участием состояний с переносом заряда. Работа поддержана (грант РФФИ N 15-52-05040 Арм\_а) и Госкомитом по науке Армении (грант 15RF-003). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44156.323
Экспериментальное исследование и ab initio расчет свойств Sc-, In-допированных титанатов висмута со структурой типа пирохлора
Authors: Краснов А.Г. , Шеин И.Р. , Пийр И.В.
Published: March 2017

С использованием ab initio расчетов получены данные о структурных, электронных, оптических свойствах титаната висмута со структурой типа пирохлора и соединений с замещением атомами скандия, индия позиций висмута, титана. Результаты теоретических расчетов согласуются с экспериментально полученными структурными и оптическими характеристиками синтезированных допированных соединений. Показано, что замещение атомов висмута в структуре пирохлора атомами Sc или In энергетически выгодно. На основании данных оптической спектроскопии образцов определены величины энергии, соответствующие прямому и непрямому переходам в Sc-, In-допированных титанатах висмута, которые находятся в согласии с теоретически рассчитанными значениями. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проекты N 15-03-09173 A, 16-33-00153 мол\_а). Исследования выполнены с использованием оборудования Центра коллективного пользования "Химия" Института химии Коми НЦ УрО РАН. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44158.256
Влияние напряжения на эмиссию ионов, инициированных ударной волной из гетерогенного материала (гранита)
Authors: Щербаков И.П. , Веттегрень В.И. , Мамалимов Р.И. , Махмудов Х.Ф.
Published: March 2017

Электрический пробой воздуха около поверхности сжатой пластины из гранита вызывает появление в нем ударной волны. Добежав до обратной стороны пластинки, ударная волна обусловливает последовательное (с интервалом ~ 50 ns) выделение струй плазмы, состоящей из положительно заряженных ионов. Распределение струй по интенсивности экспоненциальное. Пока сжимающее напряжение P не превысит ~ 0.9-0.95 от разрушающего --- Pf, его величина не влияет на число и эффективность источников излучения. При P~(0.9-0.95)Pf ударная волна вызывает появление трещины, разрушающей образец. Одновременно число и эффективность источников ионов возрастают в 3-4 раза. Это явление объясняется увеличением концентрации скоплений дислокаций при ползучести образца. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант N 160500138). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44169.292
Особенности тангенциальных мод в спектрах комбинационного рассеяния света одностенных полупроводниковых углеродных нанотрубок большого диаметра
Authors: Левшов Д.И. , Слабодян Ю.С. , Тонких А.А. , Michel T. , Рошаль С.Б. , Юзюк Ю.И.
Published: March 2017

Методом резонансной спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света в широком диапазоне длин волн лазерного возбуждения исследована динамика решетки и оптические свойства индивидуальных полупроводниковых одностенных углеродных нанотрубок с диаметрами более 2.0 nm. Индивидуальные подвешенные нанотрубки синтезированы методом химического осаждения из парогазовой фазы. Индексы хиральности (n,m) нанотрубок определялись методом электронной дифракции. Обнаружена зависимость отношения абсолютных интенсивностей поперечной и продольной оптических тангенциальных мод как от энергии возбуждения, так и от структурных параметров нанотрубок (диаметра и хирального угла). Наблюдаемые зависимости отличаются от спектральных данных, полученных ранее для индивидуальных полупроводниковых структурно идентифицированных нанотрубок с диаметрами менее 1.1 nm. Работа выполнена за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект N 15-12-10004). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44173.137
Особенности электрон-ионного теплообмена в условиях интенсивного фотовозбуждения диэлектриков ультракороткими лазерными импульсами
Authors: Поляков Д.С. , Яковлев Е.Б. , Иванов Д.С.
Published: March 2017

Проведен анализ скорости обмена энергией между перегретыми электронами и решеткой при воздействии ультракороткого лазерного импульса на диэлектрики для случая рассеяния электронов на деформационном потенциале акустических фононов и поляризационном потенциале оптических фононов. Определены температурные и концентрационные зависимости возникающего теплового потока, предложены аналитические выражения для их аппроксимации. Приведены оценки для диоксида кремния. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.05.44359.16271
Особенности взаимодействия осесимметричной газовой струи с преградой из высокопроницаемого материала
Authors: Баев В.К. , Бажайкин А.Н.
Published: March 2017

Комплексная диагностика (теневая съемка, дымовизуализация, газовый анализ) показала, что при натекании струи углекислого газа на проницаемую пористую преграду образуются течения по поверхности, внутри и позади преграды, а также течение, циркулирующее между соплом и преградой. Представлены пространственное распределение концентраций СО2 и схема течений при взаимодействии струи с преградой. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.05.44364.16541
Определение температуры газов при прохождении через них водного аэрозоля
Authors: Войтков И.С. , Кузнецов Г.В. , Стрижак П.А.
Published: March 2017

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований процессов изменения температуры газов при импульсном впрыске аэрозоля воды, раствора NaCl и суспензии глины. Начальная температура газов составляла 520-910 K. Использованы аэрозоли с размерами капель от 40 до 400 mum. Для визуализации движения последних во встречном потоке продуктов сгорания использованы панорамные оптические методы. Установлено влияние на процесс охлаждения газов дисперсности аэрозоля, концентрации NaCl и глины в растворах и суспензиях, а также условий впрыска жидкости. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.06.44403.16525
Synthesis of Mn(II)-Loaded TixSi1-xO4 Composite Acting as a Visible-Light Driven Photocatalyst
Authors: Misriyani Misriyani , Kunarti Eko Sri , Yasuda Masahide
Published: March 2017

The synthesis and characterization of Mn-loaded TixSi1-xO4 (x= 0.4-0.8) composites and a preliminary study of an activity testing their ability to work as photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) have been studied. Synthesis was conducted by the sol-gel method at room temperature using tetraethyl orthosilicate, titanium tetraisopropoxide, and manganese(II) chloride as precursors followed by thermal treatment at 500 °C. The characterizations were performed by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectrometry, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry and a surface area analyzer. The photocatalytic activity test of composites for degradation of MB was carried out in a closed reactor equipped with UV and visible lights. In this test, the effects of ratio of Ti/Si composites, Mn2+ ion concentration, pH, and time of irradiation on the effectiveness of photodegradation of MB were studied. The results indicated that Mn-Ti0.6Si0.4O4 composite could be synthesized through the sol-gel method followed by thermal treatment with a molar ratio of Ti/Si=60/40 and the optimum concentration of manganese was 2.5 wt%. The Mn-Ti0.6Si0.4O4 composite significantly increased the photodegradation of MB at pH 10, with a percent degradation of 84.41% for 30 min under irradiation of visible light. The percent degradation of Ti0.6Si0.4O4 was only 18.23% under irradiation of visible light.
Conquest and Care for the Preservation of Nature and Environment in the Novel Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak: Study Ecocriticism
Authors: . Wiyatmi
Published: March 2017

This study aims to analyse (1) how the characters in the novel Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak conquest and care for the preservation of nature and environment, and (2) the depiction of nature and the environment in relation to the overall story of Amba using ecocriticism  perspective. The results are as follows. First, the nature and the environment of Buru are described as an arena to be conquered by the main character (Bhishma), who was a political prisoner in the New Order era. In addition, the preservation of nature and environment of Buru Island also should be protected from exploitation, especially by outsiders who came to the island of Buru. Second, the depiction of nature and the environment in Amba is related to the creation of the setting of story (place and time),  i.e. Buru Island as political prisoners’ detention place in the New Order era, between 1969–2006. From the perspective of ecocriticism  these findings demonstrate how an island that was secluded so used to dispose of political prisoners have experienced the dynamics of an arena which was originally a natural and fierce, eventually turned into an island that invites entrants to explore and exploit natural wealth, so must be preserved.
Textual Analysis of the Jakarta Post Online Representation of Presidential Candidates in Indonesia
Authors: . Prayudi , Hendariningrum Retno
Published: March 2017

General Election 2014 in Indonesia principally was a gate to more democratic Indonesia. People were given rights to directly vote their preferred legislative representatives and president and vice president for the next five-year period. New political learning process was introduced as all presidential candidates must show their capabilities in all aspects to attract constituents. The role of mass media became important as each candidate worked hard to gain sympathy from people. This paper examines how Indonesian online news media critically reported the presidential candidates. Further, this paper analysed how the issue were represented in the online media and why it was represented in such ways.
Indonesian Interrogative Sentences: a Study of Forms and Functions
Authors: . Lindawati
Published: March 2017

This study examines Indonesian interrogative sentence problems by focusing on issues of forms and functions. The data used in this analysis are interrogative sentences in Indonesian language that are currently used in oral and in interethnic communication. This study used a pragmatic approach. Listening while observing (metode simak) is used at the stage of data collection. In the analysis phase, a structural analysis is used for the discussion of issues related to the form, and a contextual analysis method is used for the discussion of issues related to the function of interrogative sentence. The report was presented verbally. From the research, it can be formulated that interrogative sentences forming elements are either supra-segmental elements or segmental elements. Supra-segmental elements are intonation, and segmental elements are words, phrases, and particles. The elements were added to a clause to be the base of an interrogative sentence. Based on the response form provided by what the opponents said, interrogative sentences are grouped on the yes-no and information interrogative sentences. Yes-no interrogative sentences require an answer that contains a justification or denial of what is stated on the clause that is the basis for the formation of interrogative sentences.  Information interrogative sentences require an answer in the form of explanation. In communications, interrogative sentences are uttered not only to ask something, but they are also used to express a variety of speech act. Speech act that can be expressed by the interrogative sentences of Indonesian language are representative, directive, commissive, and expressive. Interrogative sentences are sometimes used in order to speak indirectly (indirect speech) to maintain politeness or otherwise stated expressive rudely.
Social-Economic Immobility: A Study of Fishermen’s Struggle among Corporation Powers in the East Coast of Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: . Setiadi , Yuliono Agus , Satiti Sonyaruri
Published: March 2017

A majority of fishermen in the coastal areas of Bumi Seribu Nyiur Melambai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, are migrants from other islands of Indonesia. This paper presents results from a research of the fisherman community. Most of the fisherman came from lower-middle-class families. Both lower-and lower-middle-class fisherman have access to the development program, aids and others resources delivered by government and international corporate. This paper describes how most fisherman see and believe that Bumi Seribu Nyiur Melambai is an area of battle for many actors to upscale their economic and social mobility through accumulation of wealth and social status. Many fishermen express the ambiguity, uncertainty, and marginality of their social-economic status. The marginal status is caused by (i) Long Story of Unequal Social Structure; (ii) elite capture of programs and aids (iii) uncertainty and the loss of fishing area due to the presence of the company; (iv) Their technology are not able to resist the change of seasons. Data in this research are collected by qualitative and quantitative method, such as a participatory observation, in-depth interview, FGD, and survey.
BOOK REVIEW. Nominalisasi Bahasa Prancis: Kaidah dan Kesulitan Pembelajarannya
Authors: Moehkardi Rio Rini Diah
Published: March 2017

As stated by its author, Ferhadius Endi, his book is dedicated to Indonesian learners of French who often find difficulties in understanding French word formations, in particular the nominalization. Not only is French nominalization a complex word formation process, but also the fact that it is mostly explained in French  references that  give more difficulties for Indonesians learners to understand this particular area.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN UREA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENCEMARAN NITRIT DAN NITRAT DALAM TANAH (Influence of Addition of Urea to Increased Pollution of Nitrite and Nitrate in The Soil)
Authors: Mawaddah Aida , Roto Roto , Suratman Adhitasari
Published: March 2017

ABSTRAKNitrat dan nitrit merupakan sumber nitrogen bagi tanaman. Nitrogen sangat diperlukan tanaman untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Bentuk-bentuk nitrogen di lingkungan mengalami transformasi sebagai bagian dari siklus nitrogen seperti nitrifikasi dan denitrifikasi. Apabila kadar nitrogen dalam tanah rendah, maka urea digunakan sebagai sumber nitrogen. Perubahan urea menjadi nitrit atau nitrat pada beberapa sampel tanah perlu diketahui. Kadar nitrit dan nitrat yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan pencemaran di dalam tanah. Sampel tanah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tanah pasir, tanah sawah, tanah pupuk kompos dan tanah pupuk kandang. Analisis nitrit dan nitrat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi asam p-amino benzoat (PABA) yang dikopling dengan N-naftiletilendiamin (NEDA) dan reduktor spongy cadmium. Sebelum digunakan untuk analisis nitrit dan nitrat, metode divalidasi terlebih dahulu. Hasil validasi metode analisis nitrit dan nitrat dengan pereaksi PABA/NEDA menunjukkan persentase perolehan kembali masing-masing antara 87,15–100,8% untuk nitrit dan 88,16–105,7% untuk nitrat. Setelah ditambah urea sebesar 0,66 g.kg-1 ke dalam tanah, konsentrasi nitrit dan nitrat pada semua sampel tanah mengalami peningkatan. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa peningkatan kadar nitrit dan nitrat setelah ditambahkan urea sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi tanah. ABSTRACTNitrate and nitrite were sources of nitrogen for plants. Nitrogen is indispensable for the growth and development of plants. The forms of nitrogen in the environment undergoes a transformation as part of the nitrogen cycle like nitrification and denitrification. If nitrogen level in the soil is low, urea is used as a source of nitrogen. Changes of urea into nitrite or nitrate in some of soil samples need to be known. The levels of nitrite and nitrate are high can increase pollution in the soil. Some of soil samples which is used in this research were sandy soil, paddy soil, compost soil and manure soil. Analysis of nitrite and nitrate were conducted by using a reagent p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) / N-napthylethylenediamine (NEDA) and spongy cadmium as reductor. Before being used for the analysis of nitrite and nitrate, this method was validated first. The results of validation of nitrite and nitrate analysis method by using a reagents PABA / NEDA showed the percent recovery were respectively 87.15-100.8% for nitrite and 88.16-105.7% for nitrate. After the addition of 0.66 g.kg-1 urea into the soil, nitrite and nitrate concentration in all soil sample has increased. Based on this research was known that the increased levels of nitrite and nitrate after the addition of urea was influenced by soil condition.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING MICROPARTICLES OF CIPROFLOXACIN
Authors: Durgapal Sumit , Mukhopadhyay Sayantan , Goswami Laxmi
Published: March 2017

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to prepare a floating micro articulated drug delivery system of ciprofloxacin by using non-aqueous solvent evaporation technique to increase the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of the drug by prolonging its gastric residence time.Methods: Floating microparticles were prepared by using different low-density polymers such as ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose either alone or in combination with the aid of non-aqueous solvent evaporation technique. All the formulated microparticles were subjected to various evaluation parameters such as percentage yield, drug content, drug entrapment, rheological studies, floating characteristics and in vitro drug release studies.Results: Drug-excipient compatibility studies performed with the help of FTIR instrument indicated that there were no interactions. Results revealed that non-aqueous solvent evaporation technique is a suitable technique for the preparation of floating microspheres as most of the formulations were discrete and spherical in shape with a good yield of 65% to 85% and 15 to 22 h of floating duration with 90% of maximum percentage floating capacity shown by formulation FM9. Though, different drug-polymer ratios, as well as a combination of polymers, play a significant role in the variation of overall characteristics of formulations. Based on the data of various evaluation parameters such as particle size analysis, drug content, drug entrapment, rheological studies and in vitro drug release characteristics formulation FM9 was found to fulfil the criteria of ideal floating drug delivery system.Conclusion: Floating microparticles were successfully prepared, and from this study, it can be concluded that the developed floating microspheres of ciprofloxacin can be used for prolonged drug release in the stomach to improve the bioavailability and patient compliance.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING ORAL IN SITU GEL OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Maheswaran A. , Padmavathy J. , Nandhini V. , Saravanan D. , Angel P.
Published: March 2017

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the floating in-situ gelling system of diltiazem hydrochloride.Methods: Sodium alginate based diltiazem hydrochloride floating in situ gelling systems were prepared by dissolving hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) in 25% of water, to which calcium carbonate and diltiazem hydrochloride were added with stirring to form, a proper and a homogenous dispersion of diltiazem hydrochloride. Meanwhile, 30% of water was heated to 60 ˚C on a hot plate to dissolve sodium alginate and cooled to 40 ˚C. The resulting solution was added to HPMC solution and mixed well. To 5% of water at 60 ˚C, sodium methyl paraben was added and dissolved and cooled to 40 ˚C and was added to the above mixture and mixed well. The volume was adjusted finally to 100% with distilled water. Prepared formulae were evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug content, pH, in vitro gelling capacity, in vitro buoyancy, viscosity, water uptake and in vitro drug release.Results: Formulation variables such as type and concentration of viscosity enhancing polymer (sodium alginate) and HPMC affected the formulation viscosity, gelling properties, floating behavior, and in vitro drug release. Formulation F5 and F6 showed the floating time of 5 min and more than 20 h respectively. A significant decrease in the rate and extent of the drug release was observed with the increase in polymer concentration in in-situ gelling preparation. Formulation F4, F5, F6 were shown to have extended drug release until the end of 7 h.Conclusion: The prepared in situ gelling formulations of diltiazem hydrochloride could float in the gastric conditions and released the drug in a sustained manner. The present formulation was non-irritant, easy to administer along with good retention properties, better patient compliant and with greater efficacy of the drug.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF PERSPECTIVES, EXPECTATIONS AND NEEDS OF EDUCATION IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Authors: Mahmudah Rifaatul Laila , Ikawati Zullies , Wahyono Djoko
Published: March 2017

Objective: Education of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is proven effective to improve the quality of life of patients. But more information is still required to find COPD patients needs in therapy. The authors set to explore perceptions, expectations, and needs of COPD patients as a part of pharmaceutical services.Methods: This is a study of qualitative phenomenology analysis conducted in four hospitals in Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia. The study interviews 14 patients diagnosed with COPD for at least three months and aged ³40 y old. Patients are interviewed about their perceptions, expectations, and needs about education experienced by them.Results: All patients consider that education is important. Some of them think this education must be offered by a medical practitioner when they visit the hospital. This matter is less understood by the hospital. This matter results in the poor treatment of COPD patients and failure. Patients only receive education when they are diagnosed by a physician. Further education is not given if patients do not ask. Education material should cover causes of COPD, progression, and subsequent medication.Conclusion: Education for COPD patients support treatment offered by medical practitioners. Education need room reserved for this purpose. Pharmacists also need to support this education by monitoring drug therapy and informs COPD patients about prescribed drugs.
USE OF ION ASSOCIATION COMPLEX FORMATION FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ITOPRIDE HCL IN BULK AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: Rao P. V. Lakshmana , Rambabu C.
Published: March 2017

Objective: The authors report two simple, accurate and economic spectrophotometric methods A and B for the determination of Itopride hydrochloride in bulk and dosage forms.Methods: The proposed methods are based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion-associates in the presence of acidic dyes namely BPB (Method A) and BCP (Method B) exhibiting lmax at 418 and 418 nm respectively.Results: Beer’s law is found to be obeyed in the concentration range of 2.0-10.0 µg/ml and 2.0-10.0 µg/ml. The molar absorptivities are found to be 1.42x104 and 9.61x103L/mol. cm for methods A and B. These methods are successfully applied for the assay of Itopride hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY ON 1H-(3,4d) PYRAZOLO-PYRIMIDINES AS CYCLIN DEPENDANT KINASE (CDK2) INHIBITORS
Authors: Phoujdar Manisha S. , Aland Gourishankar R.
Published: March 2017

Objective: CDK2 inhibitors are implicated in several carcinomas viz. Carcinoma of lung, bladder, sarcomas and retinoblastoma. Pyrazolopyrimidines, being purine bioisosters inhibit more than one type of kinase. In this study, we are studying some novel derivatives of 1H-pyrazolo [3,4d] pyrimidines not reported earlier. The objective of the present study is an attempt towards design and development of 1H-[3,4-] pyrazolo-pyrimidines as CDK2 inhibitors through rational drug design.Methods: The present study has been done on CDK2 structure, PDB ID, 3WBL, co-crystallized with ligand PDY from RCSB protein data bank. A series of seventeen 1H-Pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidines feasible for synthesis was docked on the said CDK2 receptor using Auto Dock 4 version, 1.5.6. Outputs were exported to discovery studio 3.5 client for visual inspection of the binding modes and interactions of the compounds with amino acid residues in the active sites.Results: The results of docking studies revealed that the present series of 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidines is showing significant binding through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic, pi and Van der waals interactions, similar to the ligand PDY. Some conserved H-bond interactions comparable to bioisosters and compounds presently under human trials were noted. Ki values predicted in silico also suggest that the series will show promising CDK2 inhibitory activity.Conclusion: The series designed and docked can be further developed by synthesis and in vitro and in vivo activity. The receptor inhibitory activity can also be checked by specific receptor assays.
LIPOSOMES CONTAINING PHYTOCHEMICALS FOR CANCER TREATMENT-AN UPDATE
Authors: Khan Yunus Y. , Suvarna Vasanti
Published: March 2017

Many phytochemicals exhibit promising effects in treatment and prevention of various cancers, but due to their poor water solubility, stability, bio-availability and target specificity make administering them at therapeutic doses impractical. This is especially true for curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol and berberine. There is rising activity in developing nano drug delivery systems for these phytochemicals. These nano drug delivery systems mainly include liposomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, which are biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can increase the stability and aqueous solubility of phytochemicals. They can also be used as sustained drug delivery systems. Much work has also proven that they enhance the absorption and bioavailability of the phytochemicals, protect them from premature enzymatic degradation or metabolism, hence prolonging their circulation time. Besides these parameters, in this review, we have also mentioned the improved target specificity of phytochemicals to cancer cells or tumours via passive or targeted delivery. Hence, nanotechnology cleared the way for developing phytochemical-loaded nanoparticles for prevention and treatment of cancer.
A VALIDATED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF VILAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Yadav Nita , Goyal Anju
Published: March 2017

Objective: In the present research work three simple, accurate, precise methods of the UV-visible spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of Vilazodone HCl in bulk and tablet dosage.Methods: Three methods were used for estimation of Vilazodone HCl using methanol. Method A involves zero order spectroscopy at absorption maximum of 241 nm; Method B involves first order derivative at 246.5 nm and Method C involves second-order derivative at 243.5 nm. The developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines.Results: The developed methods were found to be linear in the concentration range of 1-5 µg/ml. The mean percentage label claim of Vilazodone HCl was within the acceptable range. The accuracy data showed % recovery and % RSD within the range.Conclusion: The developed methods were found to be accurate and precise. The % RSD values were within limits. These methods can be used for the routine analysis of Vilazodone HCl in bulk and tablet dosage form.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PROBIOTICS PRODUCTS
Authors: Gore Suneeti , Paul Anjali , Bhagwat Yashada
Published: March 2017

Objective: Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that provide beneficial effects on human health by improving the balance of intestinal micro flora. Comparative evaluation of 10 (LB1-LB10) commercial probiotic preparations (available in and around Pune) was carried out on the basis of physical parameters, standard plate count (SPC), antibiotic sensitivity and antimicrobial production.Methods: Effect of temperature, pH and bile tolerance of samples was carried out on de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium and growth were determined by counting colony forming the unit (cfu) value of appropriate dilution after 24 h and 48 h. Antibiotic sensitivity was carried out by disc diffusion assay. Antimicrobial activity was tested using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella sp. by in vitro agar well diffusion methodResults: All the 10 samples showed aggregation for SAT (Salt Aggregation Test) at 0.2M ammonium sulphate concentration. It was observed that LB8, LB9 and LB10 were found to be the most promising probiotic product with respect to physical parameters. LB9 was found to be more antibiotic resistant as compared to LB10 and LB8. Antibacterial production of LB9 was seen against all test organisms. Effects of all the 5 NSAIDs were checked and LB8 showed the resistance to all.Conclusion: LB8 is the most effective probiotic product under adverse conditions followed by LB10 and LB9.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-OBESITY EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MUCUNA PRURIENS SEEDS ON RATS
Authors: Mansuri Javid , Paranjape Archana
Published: March 2017

Objective: Evaluation of the anti-obesity effect of aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds on rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk. L-DOPA (12.5 mg/kg, p. o.) as standard drug and aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens (AEMP) seeds (200 mg/kg, p. o. and 400 mg/kg, p. o.) as test drugs were administered in last 4 wk along with HFD. Body weight, food intake, body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured at the end of fourth, eighth and twelfth wk, while white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and brain dopamine levels were measured at the end of the twelfth wk.Results: AEMP (200 mg/kg, p. o.) and (400 mg/kg, p. o.) treated groups showed a significant decrease in food intake and weight gain without altering BMI. Moreover, TG levels were lower in treated groups as compared to the HFD group, but no significant changes were observed in TC and HDL levels. L-DOPA-treated group showed a significant decrease in body weight, food intake, BMI and WAT. Both AEMP and L-DOPA-treated groups showed an increase in brain dopamine levels as compared to disease control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: L-DOPA and AEMP showed anti-obesity activity by reducing body weight gains, food intake and WAT weights; modulating TG with increased brain dopamine level which correlates to the inhibitory action of dopamine on reward mechanism.
EFFECT OF TOCOTRIENOL PRETREATMENT ON EX VIVO SUPEROXIDE AND PEROXIDE HANDLING CAPACITIES (SPHC) OF RAT SERUM AND BRAIN
Authors: Dasari Pitchaiah , R. Anandamurali , Nayak Prasunpriya
Published: March 2017

Objective: Tocotrienol (TT), a constituent of vitamin E, present only in selected seed oil. Because of the isoprenoid side chain, antioxidant property of tocotrienol is recently highlighted. Application of tocotrienol is also proven to be neuroprotective. The current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of tocotrienol pretreatment on the serum and brain oxidative stress parameters and oxidant handling capacities.Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were treated with tocotrienol (10 mg/day) for two weeks and maintained for the next four weeks. Levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were estimated fortnightly in serum. After sacrifice, oxidative stress parameters were measured in the frontal cortex, temporal cortex, thalamic area, hippocampus and cerebellum. Glutathione-dependent and glutathione-independent superoxide and peroxide handling capacities (SPHC) were calculated for serum and brain regions. Data collected from both the groups are statistically processed with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney pairwise comparisons.Results: Significant impacts of TT treatment have been observed in terms of growth and water intake. Serum SPHC (Glutathione-independent) has been found to be reduced significantly immediately after the TT treatment. Region-specific alterations in oxidative stress parameters have also been observed after 4 w of supplementation. Global reductions in reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation have been observed in the brain without any alteration in the SPHC.Conclusion: From the results, it can be suggested that the tocotrienol pretreatment possibly be used as neuroprotective measure particularly against oxidative stress. In addition, the antioxidant impacts of TT were found to be maintained for a longer period in brain regions, even though it was not so in the case of serum.
COMPARISON OF TREATMENT OUTCOME OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION
Authors: Velusamy Sivakumar
Published: March 2017

This study was aimed to find out the differences in the pregnancy outcome of PIH women treated with the antihypertensive drugs methyldopa and nifedipine. The prospective observational study was conducted in a multi specialty hospital at Coimbatore with 161 PIH diagnosed women. Women were categorised into the no-drug group, methyldopa group, nifedipine group and methyldopa with nifedipine group. All the women were monitored from diagnosis to delivery. The maternal and neonatal data were collected and analysed. The drugs were significantly controlled the blood pressure (BP) from base to end (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the reduction of BP between the drugs. Cesarean delivery (>90%) and preterm delivery were high across all the groups. No significant difference was seen between these groups. The AGA (Average for gestational age) babies were significantly higher with a no-drug group (83%) and lower with nifedipine group (40%). Two women were reported with HELLP syndrome in methyldopa with nifedipine group. No significant difference was found in terms of pregnancy outcome between these groups except for eclampsia and AGA. Eclampsia was affected more with 14% in methyldopa with nifedipine group. We found similar outcomes; there were no significant changes between methyldopa, nifedipine, and the no-drug treatment. The antihypertensive drugs nifedipine and methyldopa both were significantly reduced the BP. The maternal and neonatal complications were similar between these two drugs. No beneficial effect can be identified one over another.
A ROLE FOR PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF) BOERL. EXTRACTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF WOMEN’S PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS: A RESEARCH REVIEW
Authors: Tjandrawinata Raymond Rubianto , Rouli Hanna Christabel
Published: March 2017

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl is a medicinal plant that originates from West Papua, Indonesia. The fruit of this plant is known to contain numerous different compounds that produce different bioactivities. Many of these bioactivities are related to women pathological conditions. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of P. macrocarpa fruit extract in the management of these conditions. Different studies have proven that P. macrocarpa extract helps regulate hormone imbalance in women with problems relating to their menstruation cycle, especially during premenstrual syndrome. It helps alleviate symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and endometriosis through its bioactivity as anti-inflammation, apoptosis inducer, anti-angiogenic and anti-oxidant agent. P. macrocarpa fruit extract also showed selective anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activity on breast and cervical cancer cells. It regulates cancer cell progression through numerous different pathways, making it highly favourable to be developed as a cancer treatment, whether as a single treatment or as an adjunct therapy. In conclusion, P. macrocarpa extract has great potential to be developed into treatments for women’s pathological conditions. However, further study, both preclinical and clinical studies are needed to ascertain its use in women to be effective and safe.
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AN EXTRACT FROM BOUGAINVILLEA X BUTTIANA (VAR. ROSE) HOLTTUM AND STANDL
Authors: Guerrero Rigoberto Villanueva , Vargas Rodolfo Abarca , Petricevich Vera L.
Published: March 2017

Objective: A Bougainvillea x buttiana (var. Rose) Holttum and Standl extract (BxbREE) was prepared and its chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated.Methods: For the analyses of the phytochemical compounds present in BxbREE extract, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used. To explore the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, total phenolic contents, carbohydrates, lipids and carrageenan-induce paw edema models, respectively, were used. For in vivo experiments, the extract was orally, intraperitoneally and/or subcutaneously administered at doses of 0.04, 0.4, 4 and 40 mg/kg.Results: GC/MS analyses showed the presence of 7 compounds, including 2-Propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, (E)-(1.19%); 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.22%); 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (92.14%); n-Hexadecanoic acid (0.76%); Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (1.17%); 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (1.93%); and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (2.59%). Phytochemical qualitative analysis showed the presence of total phenolic contents at 320 mg of Gallic acid Equivalent/gram of dried extract (GA-Eq/g extract); carbohydrates 5.18 mg/ml and lipids 13.88 mg/ml. In accordance the structures the major compound was 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose. Our results also clearly indicate that BxbREE decreases inflammation in BALB/c mice as a subplantar injection of carrageenan-induced paw edema. The extract presented a potent dose-dependent inhibitory effect. The edema inhibition percentage was significantly lower in groups of animals treated with BxbREE by via intraperitoneal or subcutaneous when compared with those results obtained for groups treated by orally administration (p<0.001).Conclusion: In conclusion, this study established the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Bougainvillea x buttiana (var. Rose); also, this extract could be considered to be a natural anti-oxidant agent that represents an anti-inflammatory remedy.
DIRECT SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ATENOLOL AND TIMOLOL ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
Authors: El-didamony Akram M. , Moustafa Moftah A.
Published: March 2017

Objective: Direct and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the quantitative determination of some anti-hypertensive drugs such as atenolol (ATN) and timolol (TIM) in pure forms as well as in their dosage forms.Methods: The proposed method is based on the redox reaction between the selected drugs and KMnO4 in alkaline medium. The method involves treating the aqueous solution of the selected drugs with KMnO4 in alkaline medium and measuring the bluish-green product at 610 nm. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized.Results: The fixed-time method is adopted for constructing the calibration curves, which were found to be linear over the concentration ranges of 2.0–14 mg/ml and 2.0–28 mg/ml for ATN and TIM, respectively. The determination of the studied drugs by initial rate, variable time and rate constant method was workable with the calibration equations obtained but the fixed time method has been found to be more applicable.Conclusion: The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by the determination of the selected drugs in both pure and in commercial dosage forms and has met the validation requirements.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL SCREENING AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN ETHANOL SEED EXTRACT BY DIFFERENT IN VITRO MODELS
Authors: Bhardwaj Alok , Modi Ketan P.
Published: March 2017

Objective: To perform the pharmacognostical screening and determination of antioxidant activity of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn ethanol seed extract by different in vitro models.Methods: The different pharmacognostical parameters were evaluated as per standard protocols with some modifications. The various concentrations of ethanol seed extract of Nelumbo nucifera were evaluated for antioxidant activity using the standard in vitro methods like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay, reducing power capacity assessment, β-Carotene bleaching assay, ferric thiocyanate method (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay.Results: Extractive values, ash values and moisture content values of Nelumbo nucifera were found to be as per the IP 2007 and Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia standard. Among the four extracts viz. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous, the ethanol extract showed significant antioxidant activity. The ethanol seed extract of Nelumbo nucifera (NNSE) exhibited high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 12.65 µg/ml) in 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryldydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. In FTC method the absorbance of NNSE increased slowly, which shows strong antioxidant ability. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the extract revealed 6 spots with the Rf values 0.41, 0.47, 0.59, 0.65, 0.67, 0.74 with the solvent system of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:4:0.5, v/v/v). The high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) revealed the spots at Rf values 0.65 and 0.68. These fractions obtained by preparative TLC also confirmed the same. Conclusion: The present investigation suggested that the NNSE has significant antioxidant activity. These results clearly indicate that Nelumbo nucifera is effective against free radical mediated diseases, thus replacing the synthetic ones.
HERBAL MONOTHERAPY OF SIDHASARASAMHITA
Authors: Nishteswar K. , Unnikrishnan Vidhya
Published: March 2017

Sidhasarasamhita is one of the important texts of Indian traditional medical literature. The exact period of the work is unknown, but according to the available evidence the work may be placed in the 8th century AD. Ravigupta’s distinctive contribution to Ayurvedic literature seems to have been the arrangement of the traditional knowledge into 31 chapters, each dealing with a different subject. The author of sidhasarasamhita included many single and simple recipes useful in particular disease conditions. In total 151 single drug recipes are included in Sidhasarasamhita. After a thorough analysis of the Charakasamhita, Susruthasamhita and works of Vaghbata 16 recipes were noted, which may be considered as the contributions of Ravigupta to the Ayurvedic materia medica. It appears that medieval ayurvedic compendia have religiously followed Sidhasarasamhita in formulating various therapeutic recipes.
PEMODELAN STRUKTUR TEKNIK CERDAS UNTUK SISTEM PROTEKSI DAYA LISTRIK
Authors: Azriyenni Azriyenni , Dame Missi Ebta
Published: March 2017

Sistem daya listrik terdiri dari pembangkitan, sistem transmisi, sistem distribusi, sistem proteksi dan beban. Sistem transmisi merupakan elemen yang digunakan sebagai objek simulasi ketika terjadi gangguan di saluran transmisi. Sedangkan, untuk sistem proteksi menggunakan pengontrolan secara digital untuk mengatasi kesalahan pada perhitungan setting impedansi rele jarak.  Pada sistem transmisi saat terjadi gangguan dengan mendapatkan informasi rele jarak dan Circuit Breaker (CB) yang akan digunakan sebagai data untuk menjalankan teknik cerdas. Oleh karena itu, dalam artikel ini akan diusulkan satu metode teknik cerdas yang merupakan model komputasi. Teknik cerdas yang akan digunakan ini adalah teknik Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST) berbasiskan  Back Propagation (BP). Pelatihan JST-BP ini akan dijalankan proses pelatihan untuk memecahkan permasalahan identifikasi lokasi gangguan di sistem transmisi daya listrik.  Hasil keluaran yang diharapkan memberikan koreksi galat yang kecil dan akan lebih mendekati nilai yang baik. Dan akhirnya, dengan teknik JST-BP ini diharapkan dapat mengidentifikasi lokasi gangguan secara tepat dan benar.
PERANCANGAN ANTENA DENGAN CIRCULAR LINE PATCH DAN THICK LINE UNTUK LTE FREKUENSI 1.8 GHZ
Authors: Rahayu Yusnita , Alfikri Kurnia , Silalahi Rhendy Theopilus
Published: March 2017

Antena Circular line patch memiliki bentuk patch circular dan antena Thick line memiliki patch rectangular. Kedua antena ini mampu bekerja secara optimal pada frekuensi 1.8 GHz. Software CST digunakan dalam perancangan dua antena ini dan  dilakukan beberapa kali pengkarakterisasian. Untuk antenna circular line patch, didapat hasilnya yaitu pada frekuensi kerja 1.8 GHz dengan return loss -24.36 dB, bandwidth 160 MHz, dan gain  2.457 dBi. Antena thick line patch dan circular slot, didapat hasilnya yaitu pada frekuensi 1.8 GHz dengan return loss -26.493 dB, bandwidth 213 MHz, dan gain  2.26 dBi.