bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial: acute non‐cirrhotic and non‐malignant portal vein thrombosis––who should be candidates for interventional treatment? Authors’ reply
Authors: Rössle Martin , Bettinger Dominik , Thimme Robert , Schultheiss Michael
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to the Rössle et al and Zhang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15811 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15902
Editorial: social distancing during the COVID‐19 pandemic—IBD patients cannot stay at home forever. Authors' reply
Authors: Taxonera Carlos , Alba Cristina
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Taxonera et al and Benson‐Pope, Gearry papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15804 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15874
Editorial: minesapride for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
Authors: Black Christopher J. , Barberio Brigida , Ford Alexander C.
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Hamatani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15972 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15907
Letter: safety of proton pump inhibitors during pregnancy‒authors’ reply
Authors: Mei Li Cheng , Brusselaers Nele
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Li et al and Acar et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15610 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15914
Letter: IBD nurse—pivotal role in the time of the pandemic. Authors’ reply
Authors: Al‐Ani Aysha H. , Rentsch Clarissa A. , Azim Sofia , Bidgood Emma , Onasseril Princy , Christensen Britt
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Al‐Ani et al and Khan et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15779 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15905
Editorial: minesapride for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation—authors' reply
Authors: Hamatani Tatsuto , Fukudo Shin , Nakada Yosuke , Inada Hiroshi , Kazumori Kiyoyasu , Miwa Hiroto
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Black et al and Hamatani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15941 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15907
Persistent scrotal swelling after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: “Omentaloma of the scrotum”
Authors: Bhattacharjee Hemanga Kumar , Singla Vitish , Nariampalli Karthyarth Mithun , Parshad Rajinder
Published: August 2020

Complete removal of all the contents of a hernial sac is crucial in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. We report a case who underwent transabdominal preperitoneal repair for a complete, irreducible inguinal hernia. He had persistent scrotal swelling and new onset scrotal pain post‐surgery. Ultrasonography of the scrotum revealed a well‐defined hypoechoic scrotal lesion. A magnetic resonance imaging revealed a fat‐containing mass lesion, hypointense on T2 fat‐saturated image. He underwent exploration of the scrotum and a well‐encapsulated mass was excised. The histopathological evaluation revealed a well‐encapsulated structure comprising of lobules of fibroadipose tissue with foci of chronic inflammation and foamy histiocytes likely retained omentum from previous surgery. His scrotal pain disappeared post‐excision. A missed retained omentum in the hernial sac causes considerable anxiety to patients and diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas for the treating surgeon. We coined the term “omentaloma of the scrotum” for such a lesion.
Family socio‐economic status and children’s academic achievement: The different roles of parental academic involvement and subjective social mobility
Authors: Zhang Feng , Jiang Ying , Ming Hua , Ren Yi , Wang Lei , Huang Silin
Published: August 2020

Background

Low family socio‐economic status (SES) is usually associated with children’s poor academic achievement, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are less understood.

Aims

The present study examined the mediating role of parental academic involvement and the moderating role of parental subjective social mobility in this relationship with cross‐sectional data.

Sample and methods

A total of 815 fourth‐ to sixth‐grade children were recruited from five elementary schools in China. Family SES (measured by parents’ education, parents’ occupation and family income) and parental subjective social mobility were obtained directly from parents, parental academic involvement was reported by children, and information on children’s academic achievement was collected from their teachers.

Results

The results showed that (1) both family SES and parental academic involvement were positively correlated with children’s Chinese and math achievement, (2) parental academic involvement mediated the relationships between family SES and children’s Chinese and math achievement, and (3) parental subjective social mobility moderated the path from family SES to parental academic involvement. The models of children’s Chinese and math achievement showed that the association between family SES and parental academic involvement was weak among children’s parents who reported high levels of subjective social mobility.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that there is a pathway from family SES to children’s academic achievement through parental academic involvement and that this pathway is dependent on the level of parental subjective social mobility.
Antisocial behaviour and teacher–student relationship quality: The role of emotion‐related abilities and callous–unemotional traits
Authors: Roslyne Wilkinson Hannah , Jones Bartoli Alice
Published: August 2020

Background

Childhood antisocial behaviour has been associated with poorer teacher–student relationship (TSR) quality. It is also well‐established that youth with antisocial behaviour have a range of emotion‐related deficits, yet the impact of these students’ emotion‐related abilities on the TSR is not understood. Furthermore, the addition of the Limited Prosocial Emotions Specifier in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) indicates that understanding the role of callous–unemotional (CU) traits for youth with antisocial behaviour problems is of particular importance.

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between antisocial behaviour difficulties and the TSR by examining the influence of emotion‐related abilities and CU traits.

Sample

Twelve teachers from 10 primary schools provided anonymized information on 108 children aged 6–11 years.

Results

Antisocial behaviour was associated with higher teacher–student conflict (but not closeness) as well as higher emotion lability/negativity and lower emotion understanding/empathy. Emotion lability/negativity was associated with higher teacher–student conflict (but not closeness), and emotion understanding/empathy was associated with lower teacher–student conflict and higher closeness. CU traits were associated with higher teacher–student conflict and lower teacher–student closeness (controlling for antisocial behaviour more broadly). We found no evidence of a moderating effect of CU traits or emotion‐related abilities on the association between antisocial behaviour and TSR quality.

Conclusions

Interventions for behaviour difficulties should consider teacher–student relationships in the classroom. Strategies which aim to improve teacher–student closeness as well as reduce teacher–student conflict may be of particular value to students with high CU traits.
Development of patient‐reported outcome measures of children’s oral health aesthetics
Authors: Bevans Katherine B. , Moon Jeanhee , Becker Brandon D. , Carle Adam , Forrest Christopher B.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of child‐ and parent‐proxy measures of oral health aesthetics.

Methods

Items that describe children's perceptions of their oral attractiveness and its impact on social, emotional, and behavioural functioning were developed based on a systematic review of existing measures, clinician feedback (n = 13) and child semi‐structured interviews (n = 27). The tools’ content validity was assessed in cognitive interviews with 21 children. Items were administered to socio‐demographically diverse samples of 998 children aged 8‐17 years and 626 parents of children aged 5‐17 years. Psychometric methods were used to finalize and calibrate item banks, generate short questionnaire forms, and evaluate the tools’ reliability, precision and validity.

Results

The item banks and their short forms provide precise measurement across a wide range of oral health aesthetic states. They measure relevant and meaningful positive and negative experiences using terminology that most children as young as 8 years of age can understand. Known‐group comparisons and convergence with existing measures of oral health‐related quality of life, global health and body image provide evidence of construct validity. The scores are interpretable relative to the US general population.

Conclusions

The oral health aesthetic item banks and short forms provide precise and valid assessments of children's satisfaction with their oral appearance. They may be useful for targeting and evaluating paediatric dental and orthodontic care in clinical practice and research settings.
Morphologic changes in the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus during the conversion from pseudostratified single columnar to stratified squamous epithelium in the developing mouse esophagus
Authors: Getachew Dereje , Kaneda Ryo , Saeki Yuko , Matsumoto Akihiro , Otani Hiroki
Published: August 2020

The apico‐basal (AB) polarity of epithelial cells is maintained by organized arrays of the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus. We previously reported that mouse embryonic esophageal epithelium exhibits interkinetic nuclear migration (INM), an AB‐polarity‐based regulatory mechanism of stem‐cell proliferation, and suggested that the pseudostratified single columnar epithelium, a hallmark of INM, is converted to stratified squamous epithelium via rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and cell‐adhesion apparatus. Here, we chronologically examined morphological changes in the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus in the mouse esophageal epithelium at embryonic day (E) 11.5, E13.5, E14.5, and E15.5, during which epithelial conversion has been suggested to occur. We used phalloidin to examine the apical terminal web (ATW), immunofluorescent anti‐zonula occludens protein (ZO‐1) antibody to reveal ZO‐1, and anti‐gamma tubulin antibody to detect primary cilia (PC). At E11.5, a thick ATW, apically oriented ZO‐1 and apical PC were observed, indicating a pseudostratified single columnar structure. At E13.5 and E14.5, the phalloidin‐staining, ZO‐1, and PC distribution patterns were not apically localized, and the epithelial cells appeared to have lost the AB polarity, suggesting conversion of the epithelial structure and cessation of INM. At E15.5, light and transmission electron microscope observations revealed the ATW, ZO‐1, PC, and tight junction which were localized into two‐1ayers: the apical and subapical layers of the epithelium. These findings suggest that dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus is involved in the conversion from pseudostratified single columnar to stratified squamous morphology and is closely related with temporal perturbation of the AB‐polarity and cessation of INM.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of outcomes after elective surgery for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Baker D. M. , Folan A.‐M. , Lee M. J. , Jones G. L. , Brown S. R. , Lobo A. J.
Published: August 2020

Aim

Approximately 20%–30% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will undergo surgery during their disease course, the vast majority being elective due to chronic refractory disease. The risks of elective surgery are reported variably. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to summarize the outcomes after elective surgery for UC.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted that analysed studies reporting outcomes for elective surgery in the modern era (>2002). It was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database (ref: CRD42018115513). Searches were performed of Embase and MEDLINE on 15 January 2019. Outcomes were split by operation performed. Primary outcome was quality of life; secondary outcomes were early, late and functional outcomes after surgery. Outcomes reported in five or more studies underwent a meta‐analysis of incidence using random effects. Heterogeneity is reported with I2, and publication bias was assessed using Doi plots and the Luis Furuya‐Kanamori index.

Results

A total of 34 studies were included (11 774 patients). Quality of life was reported in 12 studies, with variable and contrasting results. Thirteen outcomes (eight early surgical complications, five functional outcomes) were included in the formal meta‐analysis, all of which were outcomes for ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA). A further 71 outcomes were reported (50 IPAA, 21 end ileostomy). Only 14 of 84 outcomes received formal definitions, with high inter‐study variation of definitions.

Conclusion

Outcomes after elective surgery for UC are variably defined. This systematic review and meta‐analysis highlights the range of reported incidences and provides practical information that facilitates shared decision making in clinical practice.
Response to Jennifer Hockenbery Dragseth's review of Else Marie Wiberg Pedersen (ed.), The Alternative Luther: Lutheran Theology from the Subaltern
Authors: Pedersen Else Marie Wiberg
Published: August 2020

This is a response to Jennifer Hockenbery Dragseth's review of Else Marie Wiberg Pedersen (ed.), The Alternative Luther: Lutheran Theology from the Subaltern. Dragseth delivers a prudent and insightful review of the book. I agree with Dragseht's points, thus I will here make no more than a few deepening points in addition to those.
Feasibility of a MPR‐based 3DTEE guidance protocol for transcatheter direct mitral valve annuloplasty
Authors: Geyer Martin , Sotiriou Efthymios , Keller Karsten , Tamm Alexander R. , Ruf Tobias F. , Kreidel Felix , Beiras‐Fernandez Andres , Kornberger Angela , Yang Yang , Emrich Tilman , Schulz Eberhard , Münzel Thomas , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Several interventional approaches have been established for the treatment of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients at elevated risk for surgery. Direct annuloplasty is a relatively novel option in transcatheter mitral valve repair dedicated to reverse pathology in specific subsets of MR. With regard to echocardiographic guidance, this procedure presents with higher efforts in comparison with edge‐to‐edge therapy to enable safe and exact positioning of the device's anchors; evidence on optimal peri‐interventional imaging is sparse. We tested a specific 3D‐echo‐guidance protocol implementing single‐beat multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and evaluated its feasibility.

Methods

Overall, 16 patients consecutively treated with transcatheter direct annuloplasty for severe MR (87.5% functional/6.3% degenerative/6.3% mixed pathology) were entered in this monocentric analysis. Of these, two patients received a combined procedure including edge‐to‐edge repair. For all implantations, a 3D‐echo‐guidance protocol inheriting MPR was employed.

Results

Periprocedural device time decreased continuously (overall mean 140 ± 55.1 minutes, 213 ± 38 minutes in the first 4 vs 108 ± 33 minutes in the last 4 procedures, P = .018) using the MPR‐based echo protocol, going along with reduced fluoroscopy times and doses. Technical success rate was high (93.8%) without any serious cardiac‐related adverse events. MR could be relevantly improved.

Conclusion

Echocardiographic guidance of transcatheter direct annuloplasty using a real time MPR‐based protocol is feasible and safe. Optimized imaging might enable reduced implantation times and potentially increases safety.
Outcome of degenerative nonprolapse mitral regurgitation using the average pixel intensity method
Authors: Kamoen Victor , El Haddad Milad , De Backer Tine , De Buyzere Marc , Timmermans Frank
Published: August 2020

Background

Primary mitral valve regurgitation (MR) is a comprehensive term that mostly comprises mitral valve prolapse (MVP), while other causes of degenerative MR are often not considered. We describe the echocardiographic characteristics of degenerative nonprolapse mitral regurgitation (DMR) and assess the outcome at medium‐term follow‐up using the novel average pixel intensity (API) method.

Methods

Of 126 patients with any nonprolapse DMR were consecutively included. MR was graded according to all guideline‐recommended parameters and with the API method. MR flow dynamics in DMR were compared to MVP‐MR and functional MR (FMR).

Results

DMR is associated with moderate‐to‐severe calcifications of the mitral valve apparatus, and a low event rate was observed at a mean follow‐up of 27 months. The API grading method had a higher feasibility (94%) compared to proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) (60%) method and vena contracta width (VCW) (71%) for assessing MR. The API method was predictive for events.

The API method also provides insights into DMR flow dynamics: A triphasic pattern was observed with a midsystolic nadir for both API and PISA‐EROA, which is similar to the dynamic flow pattern described in FMR, but distinct from holosystolic MVP‐MR. Compared to FMR and MVP‐MR patients, DMR is less severe and patients with DMR are generally older than MVP‐MR patients.

Conclusions

DMR is a distinct MR pathology and conveys a relatively low event rate. MR grading was feasible with the API method, and flow dynamics demonstrated a similar triphasic pattern compared to FMR but distinct from holosystolic MVP‐MR.
Echocardiographic assessment of simultaneously measured left ventricular filling pressures in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Sun Jing Ping , Liang Yi , Zhang Fen , Chen Xinxin , Yuan Wei , Xu Liangjie , Bahler Robert C. , Yan Jinchuan
Published: August 2020

Background

Assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is part of routine echocardiographic examinations. Accuracy of the 2016 ASE/EACVI algorithm to detect LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with a normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF) has been examined but simultaneous measurements of LV pressures and echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function are sparse.

Methods

The accuracy of multiple echo parameters of diastolic dynamics and the 2016 guidelines were assessed by simultaneous transthoracic echocardiography and LV pressure recordings in 120 patients (derivation cohort) and 60 patients (validation cohort) with suspected coronary artery disease and normal LVEF. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves defined optimal cut points for each echocardiographic parameter. A new algorithm was proposed to estimate LV diastolic pressures using 5 parameters based on ROC data: tricuspid regurgitation velocity >280cm/s, average e' <9 cm/s, average E/e' ratio >13, velocity of pulmonary vein A‐wave reversal >32 cm/s, and left atrial volume index >32 mL/m2. Performances of the 2016 guidelines and a proposed algorithm were examined for detecting a LV pre‐A >12 and LV end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) >15 mm Hg.

Results

In the derivation cohort, the 2016 algorithm identified an elevated LVEDP >15 mm Hg with an accuracy of 74.2% (63.8–82.9); the modified algorithm improved accuracy to 86.0% (77.6–92.1), P < .05. In the validation cohort, the proposed algorithm improved sensitivities with accuracies remaining like the 2016 algorithm.

Conclusions

LV diastolic pressures in patients with normal LVEF were reliably assessed by the 2016 guidelines. The proposed algorithm improved sensitivities and may improve the accuracies for detecting abnormal LV filling pressures.
Prenatal diagnosis of left‐sided aortic arch, right descending aorta and right‐sided ductus arteriosus associated with anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery from ascending aorta
Authors: Han Jiancheng , Wang Jingyi , Gao Shuang , Li Tianjing , Hao Xiuxiu , He Yihua
Published: August 2020

Left‐sided aortic arch (LAA), right descending aorta (rDAo), and right‐sided ductus arteriosus (RDA) constitute a rare aortic arch anomaly. Moreover, anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta, especially that of the left pulmonary artery, is also a rare anomaly of the pulmonary artery branches. Because of the presence of the ductus arteriosus, prenatal ultrasound is an optimal diagnostic tool for the LAA with rDAo. Four‐dimensional color Doppler can clearly demonstrate the spatial relationship between the LAA, rDAo, and RDA and the anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta.
Developing a clinical presentation dental education model and a pilot test
Authors: Ji Young‐A , Kho Hong‐Seop , Kwon Ho‐Beom , Kim Young‐Jae , Seol Yang‐Jo , Huh Kyung‐Hoe , Kim Ryan Jin‐Young , Yoon Hyung‐In , Baek Seung‐Ho
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Accurate clinical decision‐making of dentists should be based on their knowledge and experience. In the past 10 years, interest in competency‐based dentistry education has rapidly increased, but there has been little attention paid to methods of improving dental education competency. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical presentation education model that provides opportunities for students to practice problem‐solving from the moment they greet the patient so that students can obtain the practical experience of competency‐based education and the effectiveness of this model can be confirmed through pilot test.

Methods

This article is divided two parts: First, developing the clinical presentation dental education model (CPDEM) and Second, a pilot study adopted CPDEM. To confirm the effectiveness of this model, the students' satisfaction, their perception of self‐achievement were analysed.

Results

Clinical presentation dental education model has been developed to provide practice‐related education experience and provide linkage between basic science and clinical science. The result of applying this education model to 10 students as a pilot test was shown an overall high satisfaction level. In addition, self‐achievement students’ reported of all intended competencies was higher than for non‐participating students of this model.

Conclusions

This study focuses on practical education centring on clinical presentation. This model could get a meaningful and realistic experiences through the practice using clinical presentation of patients, use their metacognition for organizing and memorizing the patient's case by using concept map. It can be used as a future instructional method to enhance students' competency.
Cerebrospinal and blood levels of amino acids as potential biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease: review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiménez‐Jiménez F. J. , Alonso‐Navarro H. , García‐Martín E. , Agúndez J. A. G.
Published: August 2020

Background and purpose

The present systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to establish the possible value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum/plasma levels of amino acids as markers of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methods

This is a review of four databases (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science – Core Collection) from 1966 to 14 March 2020, with identification of references of interest for the topic. The meta‐analysis of eligible studies was done using R software package meta, following the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines.

Results

Compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls, PD patients showed decreased CSF levels of glutamate and taurine and increased CSF levels of tyrosine; decreased serum/plasma levels of aspartate, serine, tryptophan and lysine, and increased serum/plasma proline and homocysteine levels.

Conclusion

Despite the limitations of this study due to the important variability of results between different series, our findings suggest the value of CSF or serum/plasma levels of several amino acids in the discrimination of PD patients from healthy subjects, related to the levels of some amino acids.
Orthodoxy and Science
Authors: Costache Doru
Published: August 2020

The Orthodox Church is uneasy about contemporary science. What causes its uneasiness is not exclusively its slow reception of modern culture. An important cause is the fact that contemporary research sidelines ethical and spiritual criteria. The practical application of scientific discoveries in the area of biotechnologies provides abundant evidence for this. That said, progress is being made in regard to the Orthodox appraisal of modern culture and contemporary science and toward self‐assessment against current cultural trends. This progress cannot make an impact, however, without an authenticating framework. Fortunately, three documents of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church provide an implicit framework for addressing matters such as the Orthodox attitude toward science, especially biology and its related branches, in light of theological anthropology and traditional ethical and spiritual criteria. A shared particularity of these documents is that they consider modern culture and scientific research in a missional perspective.
The Perspectives and Challenges of Primacy and Synodality in the Orthodox Church Today
Authors: Job (Getcha) of Telmessos Archbishop
Published: August 2020

The Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church in 2016 should be perceived and received as a genuine manifestation of synodality at the beginning of the 21st century. It has reminded us that it is within the exercise of primacy and synodality at the universal level that the unity and the orthodoxy of the church is guaranteed. Its message referred to the proposal for the Holy and Great Council to become a regular institution to be convened every seven or ten years. By saying this, the Holy and Great Council has perhaps inaugurated a new era of synodality in the Orthodox Church on the universal level. This is perhaps the greatest contribution of the Holy and Great Council in an era of globalization, when the pastoral problems encountered by each local autocephalous church, due to a growing secularization of the world, are very similar and need a common synodal response.
The Revival of Orthodox Mission in New Borders and the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church
Authors: Archbishop Anastasios of Tirana, Durrës, and All Albania
Published: August 2020

One of the critical issues emphasized at the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church in Crete in 2016 was that of the witness of Orthodoxy in the modern world, as expressed in the Message and Encyclical of the council, and in the council document on the Mission of the Orthodox Church. This paper traces the revival of foreign mission and witness within the Orthodox Church since the late 1950s and how it came to fruition at the council in Crete.
Orthodoxy in Unity and in Conciliarity
Authors: Metropolitan Gennadios of Sassima
Published: August 2020

This article considers how the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church faced challenges such as how the gospel relates to a pluralistic society; the Christian message in a society marked by religious pluralism, ethnic diversity, and cultural relativism; whether Christians encountering today's pluralist society should concentrate on evangelism or on dialogue; and on how conciliarity relates to the unity of the church. The article examines how the council attempted to respond to, or at least reflect on, these challenges in relation to the theological dialogue of the Orthodox Church with the other Christian churches and confessions. The bilateral theological dialogues have also increasingly led to bearing Christian witness, and an atmosphere of mutual appreciation, friendship, and fellowship has already become at least a reality. But has this development also led to a deeper mutual theological understanding? Have the profound differences between the Orthodox churches and the other churches in bilateral dialogues been clarified theologically?
The Documents of the Holy and Great Council on Marriage and Fasting
Authors: Meyendorff Paul
Published: August 2020

This article offers a critical response to the documents on marriage and on fasting of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church, which took place in Crete in 2016. It suggests greater attention be given to the concept of oikonomia in contemporary Orthodoxy, both in the context of the issues raised in these two documents and with respect to other contentious issues. In contemporary Orthodoxy, the exercise of oikonomia is understood in different ways. One approach is the legalistic understanding of the term that is employed in the council documents; the second and more traditional approach is to understand oikonomia as discernment of what is true and authentic, even outside the canonical limits of Orthodoxy. The article asks whether such a perspective could characterize the church’s approach to other complex pastoral issues, such as those related to marriage and fasting.
Discerning the Ministries of Women
Authors: FitzGerald Kyriaki Karidoyanes
Published: August 2020

In 1988, the historic Rhodes Inter‐Orthodox Symposium on the Place of Women in the Orthodox Church encouraged, among other things, fuller participation of women in the life of the church. This article reports on the results of a study that solicited the views of Orthodox Christians regarding the participation of women in the life of the church. Nearly three‐quarters of respondents clearly stated or intimated that they would like to see more opportunities for women to serve in the church. One‐third of the respondents identified the issue of deaconesses in their essays. Responses here revealed a great diversity of experience, education, and opinion. Nevertheless, more than half of the respondents commenting on deaconesses showed an openness to this ministry. This may be a powerful measurement indicating that exploring the pastoral need for this and other ministries may well be long overdue.
Effect of crack path and high angle grain boundaries on fracture toughness and fatigue behaviour of cryorolled AA2219
Authors: B. Blessto , Katakam Sivaprasad , Veerappan Muthupandi , M. Arumugam
Published: August 2020

AA2219 aerospace alloys in T87 condition were rolled at room temperature and subzero temperature, followed by analysis on its tensile, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth characteristics. The cryorolled alloy exhibits lower plane stress fracture toughness (50 kJ m−2) than T87 condition (99 kJ m−2) because of higher high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) which causes an inability to withstand the cyclic deformation. Nevertheless, the cryorolled alloy has shown higher tensile properties and crack growth resistance due to finer grains and large plastic zone size in the crack tip. The unidirectional rolled samples undergo a distinctive zigzag path than the cross‐directional rolled alloy because of deflection from the orderly oriented second phase particles.
Only habitat specialists become smaller with advancing urbanization
Authors: Magura Tibor , Ferrante Marco , Lövei Gábor L.
Published: August 2020

Aim

Urbanization profoundly changes environments, ecosystems and biodiversity. The urban heat island (UHI) effect represents one of the most consistent human‐induced environmental change in urbanized areas. Recently, it was observed that the UHI causes community‐wide shifts towards species with smaller body sizes in urban communities of ectotherms due to increased metabolic costs. We here assembled a large dataset of published data of geographically distant carabid communities collected along urbanization gradients to examine whether we could confirm this consistent change in body size distribution.

Location

Rural and urban forests at 11 northern temperate locations, spanning 25 latitudinal degrees.

Time period

2002–2018.

Major taxa studied

Species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae).

Methods

We evaluated size distribution changes using community‐weighted mean body sizes of ground beetles collected from similarly vegetated rural and urban habitats between 2002 and 2018. We separately examined the UHI effect on the various sub‐assemblages of the carabid community.

Results

When analysing the entire dataset, we could not detect any clear trend in the community body size mean, with urban communities showing similar values to those sampled in rural areas. However, the sub‐assemblage of forest habitat specialists consistently displayed a significant shift towards smaller species from rural to urban habitats. The inconsistent trend at the community level was likely due to the influx into urban habitat fragments of non‐specialist species. The UHI effect also had a significant influence but only on the forest specialist sub‐assemblage.

Main conclusions

Our results indicated that forest‐specialist species were most affected by the UHI as a powerful urbanization‐related environmental filter, whereas this effect was not evident for the overall community. Urban management practices should aim to minimize the intensity of urbanization‐related environmental filters such as the UHI, to enable habitat specialists to survive in habitat fragments under urbanized conditions.
The Global Urban Tree Inventory: A database of the diverse tree flora that inhabits the world’s cities
Authors: Ossola Alessandro , Hoeppner Malin J. , Burley Hugh M. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Beaumont Linda J. , Leishman Michelle R.
Published: August 2020

Motivation

The Global Urban Tree Inventory (GUTI) is a compilation of datasets on tree species found in cities and towns throughout the world. GUTI data can be used to address a diverse range of theoretical and applied investigations related to species’ biogeography and distribution, ecological and physiological tolerance to climatic, biophysical and environmental parameters, as well as plant conservation and invasion.

Main types of variables contained

GUTI contains current taxonomic data for 4,734 tree species planted in urban areas, their conservation status [International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN’s) Red List of Threatened Species] and invasion potential (Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species).

Spatial location and grain

Four hundred and seventy‐three urban areas in seventy‐three countries across five continents. The urban areas spanned 21 of 29 Koppen–Geiger climatic zones, and all 19 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations global ecofloristic zones.

Time period and grain

GUTI is based on the most recent collections of urban tree inventories and species lists compiled by local authorities or reported in the scientific literature. Most data have been collected or updated since 2010.

Major taxa and level of measurement

Four thousand seven hundred and thirty‐four tree species (c. 8% of the global known arboreal flora). One‐tenth of these tree species face conservation risk in the wild, whereas 327 species are known to have invasion potential.

Software format

.xls file.
Mapping the “hard edges” of disadvantage in England: Adults involved in homelessness, substance misuse, and offending
Authors: Bramley Glen , Fitzpatrick Suzanne , Sosenko Filip
Published: August 2020

There is growing policy interest in the UK in adults who exhibit severe and multiple disadvantage, combining homelessness, substance misuse, and offending. Triangulation of administrative datasets enables estimation of the scale and characteristics of these overlapping groups, and geographical mapping permits quantitative examination of the area types associated with these extreme forms of disadvantage. It is shown that measures from different data domain systems correlate well and that the geographical variance in prevalence is greater than for many comparable indicators. Emergent themes include the centrality of poverty, the legacy of deindustrialisation, the role of certain types of urban centre, and the spatial distribution of services and institutions. Wider implications for debates on the definition, measurement, and causation of poverty are drawn out, while the future prospects for the use and linkage of administrative data in this field are considered.
Ureteral location is associated with survival outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Veccia Alessandro , Antonelli Alessandro , Martini Alberto , Falagario Ugo , Carrieri Giuseppe , Grob Mayer B , Guruli Georgi , Simeone Claudio , Wiklund Peter , Porpiglia Francesco , Autorino Riccardo
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor location in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Methods

Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Incidence Database, 6619 upper tract urothelial carcinoma cases were identified, including 3719 confined to the renal pelvis and 2971 to the ureter. Predictors of surgical technique (kidney sparing surgery versus radical nephroureterectomy), as well as 2‐ and 5‐year cancer‐specific survival and overall survival were evaluated.

Results

Median follow‐up time was 29 months (interquartile range 0–126 months) for both groups. Multivariate logistic analysis showed tumor dimension as the only factor associated with radical nephroureterectomy (odds ratio 1.02; P < 0.001). Ureteral 2‐ and 5‐year overall survival were lower (log–rank P = 0.001) compared with renal pelvis. When stratifying tumor location according to dimensions, a ureteral carcinoma >3 cm was associated with the worst 2‐ and 5‐year cancer‐specific mortality (Pepe‐Mori P < 0.001), and overall survival (log–rank P < 0.001). The 2‐ and 5‐year cancer‐specific mortality (Pepe‐Mori P < 0.001) and overall survival were the worst for ureteral ≥T3 tumors (log–rank P < 0.001). The 2‐ and 5‐year cancer‐specific mortality (Pepe–Mori P < 0.001) and overall survival (log–rank P < 0.001) were the worst for ureteral grade III–IV cancers. Ureteral tumor location (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.18, P < 0.001), tumor dimension ≥3 (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.25, P < 0.001), T staging (T2–4 all P < 0.001), grading (grade III subdistribution hazard ratio 2.20, P = 0.001; grade IV subdistribution hazard ratio 2.39, P < 0.001) were found to be associated with higher cancer mortality.

Conclusions

Ureteral tumor location in upper tract urothelial carcinoma seems to be associated with worse oncological outcomes, especially in the case of advanced disease. Although the type of surgical treatment does not seem to impact survival, surgeons should use caution in adopting a kidney‐sparing surgery for patients with ureteral upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Techniques of transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery in Japan, and the comparison of complication rates by surgeons’ specialty and experience
Authors: Kato Kumiko , Gotoh Momokazu , Takahashi Satoru , Kusanishi Hiroshi , Takeyama Masami , Koyama Masayasu
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To investigate techniques of transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery in Japan, and compare complication rates by surgeons’ specialty and experience with transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery.

Methods

We carried out an anonymous questionnaire survey for surgeons attending a national transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery meeting in 2010. The surgeons were asked to state their specialty, practice patterns, transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery techniques and the number of transvaginal mesh prolapse procedures carried out as an operator including the complications that occurred.

Results

A total of 118 surgeons (59% of the attendees) responded to the questionnaire. The mean age was 44.0 ± 9.1 years, 54 (46%) were gynecologists and 64 (54%) were urologists. All urologists and 78% of gynecologists carried out anti‐incontinence surgery (midurethral sling), whereas more gynecologists (93%) carried out native tissue repair than urologists (73%). Most of both specialties (each 98%) avoided prophylactic anti‐incontinence surgery during prolapse surgery. Concomitant hysterectomy during transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery was generally avoided. Surgeons reached a consensus regarding the critical transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery techniques: hydrodissection (98%) and the full‐thickness dissection (the “Lychee layer”; 69%). A total of 11 935 Prolift‐type transvaginal mesh prolapse procedures were carried out and the following complications were reported: bladder injury (1.6%), rectal injury (0.3%), ureteral injury (0.1%), blood transfusion (0.2%), vaginal exposure (2.8%) and recurrence requiring reoperation (1.1%). Although complications did not differ between specialty, bladder injury, transfusion and vaginal exposure were less prevalent with experienced surgeons (≥50 transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery cases).

Conclusions

Over 10 000 transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery had been carried out in Japan with a relatively low complication rate until 2010. This survey shows that surgeons’ experience could lead to a decrease in the amount of transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery complications.
Salivary proteotypes of gingivitis tolerance and resilience
Authors: Bostanci Nagihan , Silbereisen Angelika , Bao Kai , Grossmann Jonas , Nanni Paolo , Fernandez Claudia , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Belibasakis Georgios N. , Lopez Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

Aim

This study aimed to characterize the salivary proteome during the induction and resolution of gingival inflammation in the course of human experimental gingivitis (EG), and to cluster the proteomic profiles based on the clinically defined “slow” and “fast” response patterns.

Materials and Methods

A total of 50 unstimulated whole saliva were obtained from the EG model which was induced over 21 days (days 0, 7, 14 and 21), followed by a two‐week resolution phase (day 35). Label‐free quantitative proteomics using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was applied. Regulated proteins were subject to Gene Ontology enrichment analysis.

Results

A total of 804 human proteins were quantified by ≥ 2 peptides. Principal component analysis depicted significant differences between “fast” and “slow” responders. Despite gingival and plaque scores being similar at baseline among the two groups, “fast” responders presented with 48 proteins that were at > 4‐fold higher levels than “slow” responders. These up‐regulated proteins showed enrichment in “antigen presentation” and “proteolysis.”

Conclusions

Together, these findings highlight the utility of integrative systems‐level quantitative proteomic approaches to unravel the molecular basis of “salivary proteotypes” associated with gingivitis dubbed as “fast” and “slow” responders. Hence, these differential responses may help prognosticate individual susceptibility to gingival inflammation.
Pathogenic profile and cytotoxic activity of Aeromonas spp. isolated from Pectinatella magnifica and surrounding water in the South Bohemian aquaculture region
Authors: Šubrtová Salmonová Hana , Marchi Matilde , Doskočil Ivo , Kodešová Tereza , Vlková Eva
Published: August 2020

Pectinatella magnifica is an invasive freshwater bryozoan that has expanded in many localities worldwide, including fishing areas. It contains microbial communities, predominantly consisting of Aeromonas bacteria that are frequently associated with fish infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential pathogenicity of Aeromonas spp. associated with P. magnifica and evaluate the health risks for fish. Aeromonas strains were isolated from P. magnifica (101 strains) and from surrounding water (29 strains) in the South Bohemian region and investigated for the presence of 14 virulence‐associated genes using PCR. We demonstrated high prevalence of phospholipase GCAT, polar flagellin, enolase, DNAse, aerolysin/cytotoxic enterotoxin, serine protease and heat‐stable cytotonic enterotoxin‐coding genes. Further, all twelve isolates that were analysed for cytotoxicity against intestinal epithelial cells were found to be cytotoxic. Six of the isolates were also tested as co‐cultures composed of pairs. Enhanced cytotoxicity was observed when the pair was composed of strains from different species. In conclusion, P. magnifica is colonized by Aeromonas strains that have a relatively high prevalence of virulence‐associated genes and the ability to provoke disease. Results also suggest a possibly increased risk arising from mixed infections.
Cytotoxicity of Streptococcus agalactiae secretory protein on tilapia cultured cells
Authors: Palang Iyapa , Hirono Ikuo , Senapin Saengchan , Sirimanapong Wanna , Withyachumnarnkul Boonsirm , Vanichviriyakit Rapeepun
Published: August 2020

Streptococcus agalactiae secrete virulence factors believed to be able of killing host tissues, especially under elevated water temperature. A direct effect of S. agalactiae secretory products on tilapia cells was tested on the tilapia kidney (TK‐1) cell culture. The bacteria were cultured under four different temperature levels: 22, 29, 32 and 37°C; the cell‐free portion was processed through SDS‐PAGE; and distinct bands were identified by LC‐MS/MS. At least, three virulence factors were identified, Bsp, PcsB and CAMP factor, with increasing levels as the cultured temperature rose. Expressions of bsp, pcsB and cfb were also up‐regulated with the rising of the temperature in S. agalactiae culture. The supernatant from the bacteria cultured under specified temperatures was added into TK‐1 cell‐cultured wells. Morphological damage and mortality of the cultured cells, as determined by MTT method, were increased progressively from the supernatant treatment according to the rise of temperature in S. agalactiae culture. This study suggests that the production of the three virulence factors of S. agalactiae reported herein is temperature‐dependent, and it is likely that CAMP factor directly kills the TK‐1 cells since the other two types of protein are involved in S. agalactiae cell division and the bacterial adherence to host tissues.
A visual on‐site method for African swine fever virus detection in raw pig tissues
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Wang Xiudan , Wang Xuejiao , Liu Sen , Jing Hao , Wang HaiXia , Shi Chao , Ma Cuiping
Published: August 2020

The spread of African swine fever virus (ASFV) leads to high mortality in domestic pigs, and has caused huge losses in the global pork industry. Therefore, the rapid detection of ASFV is essential for the prevention and control of the epidemic. Herein, a denaturation bubble‐mediated strand exchange amplification (SEA) with colorimetric detection strategy for the rapid detection of ASFV was established and the results were visible with the naked eyes. The entire detection process based on isothermal amplification was performed on a portable metal bath only. And the whole process including rapid extraction and visual detection was finished within 50 min. The limit of detection of this method reached to 104 copies/μl of plasmid containing p72 gene. And the ASFV was successfully detected in eight different tissue and seven types of pig feed which revealed a strong anti‐interference ability in the presence of complex matrix. Through comparing 94 field positive and negative ASFV samples, excellent performance of SEA assay with 92.86% sensitivity and 100% specificity relative to PCR was observed. The developed method could be used for on‐site detection of ASFV with simplicity, rapidity, and visuality, especially suitable for pork industry food safety and ASFV control in resource‐limited areas.