bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Siberian mites of the genus Zerconopsis Hull, 1918 (Mesostigmata, Ascidae): description of a new species, re-description of Z. michaeli Evans & Hyatt, 1960, and key for species identification
Authors: MAKAROVA O.L. , MARCHENKO I.I. , LINDQUIST E.E.
Published: August 2024

A new soil-dwelling mite species, Zerconopsis sibiricus sp. nov., is described from Russia based on the females, males, and nymphs. It occurs in plain and mountain areas of Siberia and the Far East (27 localities), in tundra (Low Arctic) and taiga landscapes, including the area of the Cold Pole of the Northern Hemisphere. Another species, Zerconopsis michaeli Evans & Hyatt, 1960, is first reported from Denmark, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and California, USA (23 new records). Its male, nymphs, and larva are first described, and the female description is corrected with illustrations. The range of Z. michaeli in the Old World can be considered as an Amphi-Palaearctic one, excluding areas with very cold and/or continental climates. This species dwells in forest litter, rotten wood, and bracket fungi; however, in Northern Europe almost all records are from arboreal (woody, fungal) habitats. The genus Zerconopsis Hull, 1918 now includes 19 described species from all continents except Africa and Antarctiсa. A revised generic diagnosis is provided, and three morpho-ecological species groups are recognised. A key for the five Zerconopsis species residing in Siberia is given.
DNA barcodes and morphological evidence reveal a new genus of Nygmiini (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China
Authors: LI DAIXUAN , XIA LINLI , WANG HOUSHUAI
Published: August 2024

A new genus Aurivalva Li & Wang gen. nov. is proposed for Nygmiini to accommodate three species previously placed in Euproctis Hübner: A. yunnanpina (Chao, 1984) comb. nov., A. telephanes (Collenette, 1939) comb. nov. and A. conistica (Collenette, 1936) comb. nov.. The new genus is supported by DNA barcodes and morphological evidence. A key to all currently recognized Aurivalva species in China is provided, with illustrations of the adults, wing venations and genitalia, together with a barcode-based tree.
Camptoplax ahmar sp. nov., a new pilumnid crab (Crustacea: Brachyura) from the Red Sea
Authors: NG PETER K. L. , ANKER ARTHUR
Published: August 2024

Camptoplax ahmar sp. nov. is described based on a single male specimen extracted from a burrow of an unknown host near Thuwal, Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. The new species differs from the type-species of Camptoplax Miers, 1884 and its only congener, C. coppingeri Miers, 1884, by several morphological / morphometric details.
Weather to subseasonal prediction from the UFS coupled Global Ensemble Forecast System
Authors: Fu Bing , Zhu Yuejian , Guan Hong , Sinsky Eric , Yang Bo , Xue Xianwu , Pegion Philip , Yang Fanglin
Published: August 2024

The current operational Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) version 12 was implemented in National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operations in September 2020. This is the first Unified Forecast System (UFS)-based GEFS which has demonstrated significant improvements in probabilistic forecast guidance at weather, medium-range and subseasonal scales based on the evaluation of 31-year reforecasts and 3-year retrospective forecasts. NOAA/NCEP is now planning to implement a fully coupled UFS Global Forecast System (GFS) and GEFS in 2025. Recently we have been working on the fully coupled GEFS versions following the development of UFS coupled model prototypes. Besides some updates from the model components like land model, ocean model and ice model, there are significant atmospheric model upgrades including increasing vertical resolution, PBL scheme, microphysics and gravity wave drag following the development of these model prototypes.

In this paper, we present two coupled GEFS experiments that are based on UFS coupled model prototype 5 and 8 respectively. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the results from these coupled ensemble prototypes experiments as well as stochastic physics application, configuration and tuning progress in these coupled ensemble experiments for weather and subseasonal forecast. The results from those two coupled GEFS experiments show the improvements of the 500 hPa geopotential height probabilistic forecast skills (CRPSS) and model bias for all lead-time, the improvements of the precipitation forecast on the weather time scale of reliability and Hedike scale for weekly average including weeks 3&4, the skill-error ratios and MJO prediction as well.
Procedural ethics for social science research: Introducing the Research Ethics Governance dataset
Authors: Tapscott Rebecca , Machón Daniel Rincón
Published: August 2024

Conflict research is rife with ethical issues, and the field is increasingly reflecting on how to best address these. Recent debates in political science have mainly focused on ethics in practice, leaving questions of procedural ethics to the side. But procedural ethics are important: they are increasingly required across all areas of research, they are the bedrock of institutional approaches to regulating ethics, and they shape ideas about what constitutes ethical research practice. This article introduces the Research Ethics Governance dataset, the first globally comprehensive dataset of national-level ethics regulations. The dataset provides a picture of the status of research ethics regulations and how they pertain to conflict research. While 87% of countries have requirements for ethical review, only 25% extend those regulations to the social sciences. Of countries with no evidence of requirements, nearly half are classed as fragile or conflict-affected states. The data will be useful for scholars concerned with questions of research ethics, as well as those seeking to study the politics of this regulatory structure and its implications for knowledge production.
Black Parents’ Rationales for Using Specific Ethnic-Racial Socialization Practices With Their Young Children
Authors: Coates Erica E. , de Heer Rebecca , McLeod Alison , Farrise Beauvoir Kaela
Published: August 2024

Existing literature shows Black parents’ preference for using certain ethnic-racial socialization strategies (e.g., cultural socialization, egalitarianism) over others (e.g., preparation for bias, promotion of mistrust) with their young children. We sought to understand parents’ utilization of, and rationales for using, specific ethnic-racial socialization practices with their young children. We conducted focus groups with 26 Black parents of children ages five and under. Researchers generated the following themes through reflexive thematic analysis: reasons for cultural socialization, reasons for silence about race, reasons for preparation for bias, and reasons against promotion of mistrust with young children. Most parents emphasized young children’s racial awareness, self-confidence, feelings of equality, diverse friendships, positivity, and discernment of individual qualities as reasons for using cultural socialization and egalitarianism while avoiding using preparation for bias and promotion of mistrust. Whereas a few parents highlighted the importance of building children’s knowledge and providing comprehensive socialization as reasons for using preparation for bias with young children.
Enhancing medical students critical thinking skills through ChatGPT: An empirical study with medical students
Authors: Almazrou Saja , Alanezi Fahad , Almutairi Saud Asman , AboAlsamh Hoda M. , Alsedrah Ibrahim Tawfeeq , Arif Wejdan M. , Alsadhan Abeer Abdullah , AlSanad Duha Sami , Alqahtani Nasser S. , AlShammary Miznah Hizam , Bakhshwain Amal Mubarak , Almuhanna Afnan Fahd , Almulhem Munerah , Alnaim Norah , Albelali Salma , Attar Razaz Waheeb
Published: August 2024

Study purpose: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT in critical thinking skills among medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study recruited 392 medical students from three public universities in Saudi Arabia. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing perceptions of ChatGPT's impact on critical thinking skills. Data were analyzed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, and Cronbach's alpha to evaluate reliability. Results: Significant gender-based differences were found in perceptions of ChatGPT's efficacy, particularly in generating diverse perspectives ( P = 0.0407*) and encouraging questioning ( P = 0.0277*). Reflective practice perceptions varied significantly by age ( P = 0.0302*), while academic backgrounds yielded significant differences across all factors assessed ( P < 0.0001*). Overall, 92.6% believed integrating ChatGPT would benefit critical thinking skills. Most participants ( N = 174) strongly agreed that ChatGPT improved critical thinking. Conclusion: Integrating ChatGPT into medical education could offer valuable opportunities for fostering critical thinking abilities, albeit with the need for addressing associated challenges and ensuring inclusivity.
The Role of Early Adolescence in Subsequent Risk and Resilience
Authors: Shanahan Lilly , Steinhoff Annekatrin , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel
Published: August 2024

Early adolescence comes with new opportunities for subsequent risk and resilience. Yet, international cohort studies covering this important developmental period and extending into young adulthood are rare. To address this gap in research, this special issue draws on data from the Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso). We outline the terminology for risk and resilience used in this special issue, describe the z-proso study design, characterize the z-proso sample in terms of important markers of adolescence, and provide an overview of Switzerland as a study setting. The contributions to this special issue highlight that adolescent well-being is not a given, even in a setting with relatively low contextual risk. Supportive parent–child relationships in early adolescence emerged as an important promotive factor for longer-term well-being. This special issue illustrates how early adolescence serves as an important juncture for different areas of future development.
Cleaning Like Crazy: How Resistance Processes Lock in Problematic Practices and Damaging Overconsumption
Authors: Chan Lay Tyng , Little Vicki Janine
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on mundane consumption behavior from a practice theoretical perspective, and in particular, on household cleaning. Cleaning is an unquestioned part of everyday domestic life, usually carried out unreflexively. Over time, cleaning practices have become increasingly resource-intensive, contributing to overconsumption of water, and pollution through damaging chemicals. A critical ethnography of 10 Malaysian Chinese families unpacks the pre-formation, formation and lock-in of damaging cleaning practices, enriching understanding of how problematic practices are shaped by consumer culture and market forces. Three practice evolution drivers were identified: Diseases and paranoia (meanings), socio-cultural modernization (competencies), and technology modernization (materials). In response to perceptions of existential threat and aspirations to modernity, consumers both resisted and submitted to market forces; becoming locked in to repeating cycles of recontamination, resetting, and reinforcement. Reflecting wider social tensions, cleaning practices both co-constituted and challenged a toxic system, as the households continuously negotiated imagined boundaries of ‘safe’ and ‘dangerous’ inside and outside the home. Based on these insights, the study challenges accepted logics of policy intervention, calling for more ethical and situated responses to wicked problems.
Patterns of migraine medication use in Norway: A nationwide registry-based observational study
Authors: Stubberud Anker , Borkenhagen Solveig , Oteiza Francisco , Dueland Aud Nome , Bugge Christoffer , Sæther Erik Magnus , Tronvik Erling , Stovner Lars Jacob , Bjørk Marte-Helene
Published: August 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe and discuss patterns of migraine medication use in the entire Norwegian population.

Methods

In this nationwide, observational study, all individuals with a migraine-related prescription between 2010 and 2020 were identified using the Norwegian Prescription Database. The outcomes of interest were the incidence and 1-year prevalence of migraine medication users, as well as individuals with triptan overuse. Patterns of medication use were statistically compared between women and men adjusted for age, year of treatment start, comorbidities and county of residence calculating adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

We identified 327,904 migraine medication users. The incidence ranged from 0.39% to 0.46%, and the 1-year prevalence increased from 1.99% to 2.99%. Preventive use increased >50% during the study period. Preventives were significantly more often prescribed to women than to men (39.72% vs. 33.75%; aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.44). Triptan overuse was significantly more common among women, but women with overuse were more often using preventives, as compared to men (56.64% vs 52.69%; aOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.49).

Conclusion

The prevalence of medically treated migraine is low. Overuse of triptans is frequent, especially among women. Clinicians should be encouraged to try out different triptans, recognize triptan overuse, and prescribe preventives when indicated.
Evaluating hydrogen ion mobilization during hemodialysis using only predialysis and postdialysis blood bicarbonate concentrations
Authors: Leypoldt John K , Pietribiasi Mauro , Debowska Malgorzata , Wieliczko Monika , Twardowska-Kawalec Malgorzata , Malyszko Jolanta , Waniewski Jacek
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The hydrogen ion (H+) mobilization model has been previously shown to provide a quantitative description of intradialytic changes in blood bicarbonate (HCO3) concentration during hemodialysis (HD). The current study evaluated the accuracy of different methods for estimating the H+ mobilization parameter (Hm) from this model.

Methods:

The study compared estimates of the H+ mobilization parameter using predialysis, hourly during the HD treatment, and postdialysis blood HCO3 concentrations (Hm-full2) with those determined using only predialysis and postdialysis blood HCO3 concentrations assuming steady state conditions (Hm-SS2) during the midweek treatment in 24 chronic HD patients treated thrice weekly.

Results:

Estimated Hm-full2 values (0.163 ± 0.079 L/min [mean ± standard deviation]) were higher than, but not statistically different ( p = 0.067) from, those of Hm-SS2 (0.152 ± 0.065 L/min); the values of Hm-full2 and Hm-SS2 were highly correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.948 and a mean difference that was small (0.011 L/min). Further, the H+ mobilization parameter values calculated using only predialysis and postdialysis blood HCO3 concentrations during the first and third HD treatments of the week were not different from those calculated during the midweek treatment.

Conclusions:

The H+ mobilization model can be used to provide estimates of the H+ mobilization parameter without the need to measure hourly intradialytic blood HCO3 concentrations.
Preparation and properties of biomimetic bone repair hydrogel with sandwich structure
Authors: Kong Xiaoli , Tian Lin , Li Weidong , Han Tingliang
Published: August 2024

One of the critical factors that determines the biological properties of scaffolds is their structure. Due to the mechanical and structural discrepancies between the target bone and implants, the poor internal architecture design and difficulty in degradation of conventional bone implants may cause several adverse outcomes. To date, many scaffolds, such as 3-D printed sandwich structures, have been successfully developed for the repair of bone defects; however, the steps of these methods are complex and costly. Hydrogels have emerged as a unique scaffold material for repairing bone defects because of their good biocompatibility and excellent physicochemical properties. However, studies exploring bioinspired hydrogel scaffolds with hierarchical structures are scarce. More efforts are needed to incorporate bioinspired structures into hydrogel scaffolds to achieve optimal osteogenic properties. In this study, we developed a low-cost and easily available hydrogel matrix that mimicked the natural structure of the bone’s porous sandwich to promote new bone growth and tissue integration. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the microstructure, swelling rate, and mechanical properties of this hydrogel. Furthermore, a 3D finite element analysis was employed to model the structure-property relationship. The results indicate that the sandwich-structured hydrogel is a promising scaffold material for bone injury repair, exhibiting enhanced compressive stress, elastic modulus, energy storage modulus, and superior force transmission.
Serum Cortisol and Blood Glucose Concentrations in Anesthetized Dogs Administered Levobupivacaine and Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine for Regional Anesthesia of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Pavlica Matic , Kržan Mojca , Nemec Ana , Nemec Marija , Baš Anže , Kosjek Tina , Seliškar Alenka
Published: August 2024

The effects on the stress response, postanesthetic sedation, and altered behavior were evaluated following regional anesthesia and dental treatment in 40 dogs. Serum cortisol and blood glucose concentrations were measured following the administration of levobupivacaine (LBUP) 0.5% and dexmedetomidine (DEX) (0.5 µg/kg) or a placebo. The dogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 10 dogs each. All dogs received a regional nerve block using LBUP 0.5%. Group 1 (LBUP + DEX IV) also received DEX intravenously (IV); group 2 (LBUP + PLC IV) also received a placebo IV; group 3 (LBUP + DEX IO) also received DEX in one infraorbital (IO) block; and group 4 (LBUP + DEX IA) also received DEX in one inferior alveolar (IA) block. Serum cortisol and blood glucose concentrations were determined before the administration of oral blocks and at the end of the procedure. Sedation and behavior scores were assessed before premedication and hourly for 6 h after the end of anesthesia. Cortisol concentration did not change in any group at either evaluation time. The glucose concentration was higher ( P < .05) only in the LBUP + DEX IA group at the end of the procedure. The sedation score was higher until the end of the observation period only in the LBUP + DEX IV and LBUP + PLC IV groups. No change in behavior score was observed in any of the groups. The reduction of perioperative stress response in all groups was due to the use of LBUP and not DEX.
Design and workspace analysis of a cable-driven space capture robot for noncooperative targets
Authors: Liu Ruiwei , Fan Yating , Huang Yantong , Guo Hongwei , Zhao Chong , Su Manjia
Published: August 2024

Capturing noncooperative targets in space has garnered continuous research interest in aerospace applications. This study addresses the demands of large-scale, multifaceted activities and varied working conditions for space capture missions by designing a space capture robot composed of multiple cable-driven manipulators operating in parallel. First, single- and multi-segment cable-driven robot models were designed, and a geometric model was subsequently built. The optimal number of segments was determined by analysing the condition number of a Jacobian matrix using the Monte Carlo method. Subsequently, based on the constant-curvature assumption, a kinematic model of the cable-driven space capture robot was formulated, and capture methods for different capture targets were designed using the Monte Carlo method. Finally, an eight-segment cable-driven robot prototype was developed, and compliance and driving experiments were conducted. This robot exhibits promising application potential for space noncooperative target capture and can be feasibly manufactured using on-orbit 3D machining technology.
Organizational Resilience and Green Innovation for Environmental Performance: Evidence from Manufacturing Organizations
Authors: Ameer Farah , Khan Mustafa Rehman , Khan Ismail , Khan Naveed R. , Keoy Kay Hooi
Published: August 2024

Sustainable development goals bring the environmental performance (EP) of firms into the global policy limelight. EP has been largely compromised due to the emission of hazardous waste by manufacturing firms. These issues are not only contributing to natural resource depletion and global warming but also affecting the well-being of society. This study examines the role of organizational resilience capacity (ORC) and green innovation (GNI) in achieving EP in underdeveloped economies. The data were collected from 173 managers of manufacturing organizations operating in Pakistan. Further, researchers employed partial least-squares structural equation modelling to analyse quantitative data. The findings show that ORC enhances GNI, leading to improved EP. This study provides nuanced insights for developing green and resilient initiatives to improve EP in resource-constrained economies. Likewise, the management of manufacturing organizations should develop resilience capabilities that help organizations quickly adapt to disturbances and assure their capacity to successfully accomplish environmental goals.
Atypical Thymoma (WHO Type B3) with Prominent Microcystic and Mucoid Changes Mimicking Thymic Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Five Cases
Authors: Weissferdt Annikka , Moran Cesar A.
Published: August 2024

Five atypical thymomas (WHO type B3) with prominent microcystic and mucoid changes are presented. The patients were four men and one woman between the ages of 57 and 72 years. The patients presented with non-specific symptoms of cough, chest pain, and dyspnea. None of the patients had a history of myasthenia gravis. Diagnostic imaging revealed the presence of anterior mediastinal masses and surgical resection was accomplished in all patients. Macroscopically, the tumors ranged in size from 3.5 to 5.0 cm in greatest diameter; four of these were well circumscribed but unencapsuled, tan colored tumors without evidence of necrosis, hemorrhage, or gross cystic changes. One tumor had more infiltrative borders and was involving the mediastinal pleura. Microscopically, the low power view was characterized by prominent microcysts that were filled with a mucoid granular material. Higher magnification demonstrated a homogenous epithelial proliferation with mild cytologic atypia but lacking mitotic activity. Focal areas of squamoid differentiation were identified but perivascular spaces were absent. Histochemical staining confirmed mucinous material in the microcysts but no intracytoplasmic mucin. Immunohistochemical stains showed positive staining of the tumor cells with keratin AE1/AE3, keratin 5/6, p63, and p40. No terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase+/CD3 + immature lymphocytes were identified. Clinical follow-up demonstrated that four patients have remained alive without recurrence while one patient was lost to follow-up. This report highlights histological features in atypical thymoma that may be confused with other tumors, especially thymic mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Separation of these tumors may be important for patient management and prognosis.
Understanding and Addressing Prostate Cancer Disparities in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes Among Black Men
Authors: Murphy Anastasia , Cottrell-Daniels Cherell C. , Awasthi Shivanshu , Katende Esther , Park Jong Y. , Denis Justin , Green B. Lee , Yamoah Kosj
Published: August 2024

Despite advances in screening, diagnosis, and treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), Black men tend to be diagnosed at younger ages, have higher mortality rates, and are at increased risk of recurrence or metastasis compared to their White counterparts. PCa disparities among Black men are caused by a complex interaction of social, behavioral, and biological factors across the public policy, community, organizational, interpersonal, and individual levels. Key contributing factors include mistrust in the health care system, poor communication between patients and providers, low awareness of screening guidelines, and high medical costs. These disparities are further exacerbated by the low representation of Black men in clinical trials, which limits access to high-quality cancer care and generalizability for PCa treatments. In this narrative review of the existing literature, we examined the epidemiology and identified contributing factors, and propose multi-level strategies to address and mitigate disparities among Black men with PCa.
Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets in Factor VIII Inhibitor-Positive Patients with Severe Hemophilia A: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhao Lu , Zhang Yiqun , Guo Xinlei , Li Zhi , Lu Wenliang , Pan Zhijuan , Guo Yanru , Sun Jiajia , Zhang Ying , Hao Jinyu , Guo Zhiping
Published: August 2024

Introduction and objectives

The present study aimed to investigate different peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with severe hemophilia A (HA) and factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor production. For this, age-matched cases of 19 FVIII inhibitor-positive (IP), 21 FVIII inhibitor-negative (IN) and 45 healthy controls were selected for study.

Methods

Flow cytometry was used to analyze the peripheral lymphocyte subsets, including T, B, natural killer (NK) and NKT cells. The T cell subsets included CD3 + CD4-CD8- [double negative T (DNT)], CD3 + CD4 + CD8+ [double-positive T (DPT)], CD3 + CD4 + CD8- and CD3 + CD4-CD8+ T cells. Pairwise comparisons of absolute lymphocyte subset values were conducted among the three groups. The cut-off value for absolute lymphocyte counts was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

The results demonstrated that the absolute values of DPT cells in the IN and IP groups were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group ( P = 0.007). The DNT values were also lower in severe HA patients with or without inhibitor than those in healthy subjects, but these differences were not statistically significant ( P = 0.053). In addition, the absolute value of CD4+ Th cells in the IP group was lower than that in the healthy controls ( P = 0.013). Although not statistically significant ( P = 0.064), the absolute values of NKT cells were higher in the IN group compared with the IP group, and higher in the IP group compared with the healthy control group. There were no statistically significant differences in total T, B, CD8 + and NK cells among the IN, IP and healthy control groups. The cut-off value for absolute CD4+ Th cells in the IN group was < 598/µl.

Conclusion

The decrease in absolute values of CD4+ Th cells in severe HA patients may contribute to the establishment of infused FVIII immune tolerance. If the CD4+ Th value remains > 598/µl, clinicians should be vigilant for possible FVIII inhibitor production, especially on days prior to FVIII exposure.
Concurrent versus sequential or no triazole anti-fungal therapy in patients undergoing 7 + 3 plus midostaurin induction for FLT-3 acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Ngo Dat , Tinajero Jose , Zhang Jianying , Stein Anthony , Marcucci Guido , Salhotra Amandeep , Pullarkat Vinod , Sandhu Karamjeet S , Ball Brian J , Pourhassan Hoda , Koller Paul
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Midostaurin is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 mutated (FLT3m) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Azole antifungal medications are commonly used in AML and are known to interact with anti-cancer drugs such as midostaurin through the CYP3A pathway. However, there are no midostaurin related dose modifications recommended with strong CYP3A inhibitors.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 40 patients between 2017–2022 and compared efficacy and safety outcomes in patients who received azole antifungals concurrently to those who did not receive an azole or received it sequentially to midostaurin for treatment of FLT3m AML.

Results

Median age of both groups was approximately 55 years and 70% of patients harbored FLT-3 internal tandem duplication mutations. Most patients in the concurrent arm were on either posaconazole (33%) or isavuconazole (50%) for antifungal prophylaxis and micafungin (72%) for the sequential/no azole arm. Overall CR/CRi rate with concurrent versus sequential/no azole were 72% and 77%, and non-hematologic grade 3 toxicities were 22% and 40% ( p = 0.21), respectively. Rates of dose reductions (6% vs. 0%, p = 0.26) and held doses (17% vs. 14%, p = 0.79) were not different between concurrent and sequential/no azole. There were no differences in the rates of new fungal infection during induction between the two groups.

Conclusion

Azoles given concurrently or sequentially with midostaurin were found to be equally safe and effective in the treatment of newly diagnosed FLT3 AML. Additional confirmatory studies are needed due to our limited sample size.
Comparison between a new transepithelial PRK vs. conventional alcohol-assisted PRK: Corneal densitometry and aberrometry study
Authors: Aramberri Jaime , Lauzirika Gorka , Illarramendi Igor , Mendicute Javier
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To describe and compare corneal densitometry, subjective refraction, visual acuity, and corneal higher order aberrations (HOA) after corneal refractive surgery using either alcohol-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (aaPRK) or single-step transepithelial PRK (tPRK).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective and observational study. We analyzed 120 right eyes from 120 healthy consecutive myopic patients who underwent aaPRK or tPRK to correct myopia of up to 6 diopters and astigmatism of up to 2 diopters. The WaveLight EX500 excimer laser (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) was used in all cases. Visual acuity, subjective refraction, and Pentacam AXL® measurements were performed at the preoperative visit and at 6-months follow-up visit. Pentacam AXL® software was used to assess corneal optical density in various annuli for different corneal depths and anterior corneal HOA (6 mm area of analysis).

Results

Preoperative spherical equivalent values were similar between groups preoperatively (−3.07 ± 1.52 and −3.38 ± 1.46 in the aaPRK and tPRK groups, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in visual acuity and postoperative refraction between groups. Postoperative corneal densitometry did not show statistically significant differences in any of the areas studied and both surgical procedures obtained similar results. However, analysis of HOA showed statistically significant differences between the techniques (1.42 ± 0.39 and 1.80 ± 0.62 for the aaPRK and tPRK groups, respectively; p = 0.000).

Conclusions

Both aaPRK and single-step tPRK gave comparable visual, refractive, and corneal density outcomes. Some differences were observed in HOA but were not clinically relevant.
Clinical outcomes of radial optic neurotomy versus pars plana vitrectomy in recent onset non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Hassanpour Kiana , Hasanpour Hossein , Pakravan Parastou , Nourinia Ramin , Pakravan Mohammad , Soheilian Masoud
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This study investigated the effect of pars plana vitrectomy (VIT) versus pars plana vitrectomy combined with radial optic neurotomy (RON) on recent onset non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Methods

In this prospective interventional case series, individuals with recent-onset NAION, lower than one month and low vision (lower than 20/200) were recruited. Patients randomly underwent either VIT, or RON.

Results

34 eyes of 34 patients were included in this study. 10, 9, and 15 eyes were randomly included in VIT, RON, and control groups, respectively. The BCVA of the VIT group improved significantly from 1.84 ± 0.5 logMAR at baseline to 1.29 ± 0.67, 0.93 ± 0.53, and 0.77 ± 0.47 logMAR at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively (Ps < 0.05). The corresponding values for RON group were 1.73 ± 0.53 logMAR at baseline, which improved to 1.04 ± 0.65, 0.64 ± 0.28, and 0.61 ± 0.26 logMAR at the same follow-up visit times ( P < 0.05). The corresponding values for the control group were 1.6 ± 0.58 log MAR at baseline, which improved to 1.03 ± 0.29, 1.00 ± 0.32, and 0.32 ± 0.83 log MAR at the same follow-up visit times. There was no significant statistical difference in BCVA between the three groups. However, both interventions resulted in statistically significant improvement in mean deviation (MD) of visual field (VF) compared with the control group at the end of 6 months (VIT P = 0.006, RON P = 0.043). RNFLT decreased from baseline 235.3 ± 44.01 to 75.6 ± 17.68 at 1 month in the VIT group ( P < 0.001), from baseline 268.22 ± 65.9 to 76.67 ± 10.59 at 1 month in RON ( P < 0.001), while it decreased from baseline 179.48 ± 39.02 to 112.92 ± 44.51 at 1 month in the control group.

Conclusion

VIT and RON showed promising results in terms of MD of VF, and optic disc edema resolved faster in these groups compared to the control group in recent onset NAION. A larger sample size study is deemed necessary to generalize the results of this study.
Seasonal Indoor Radon Assessment and Estimation of Cancer Risk: A Case Study of Obafemi Awolowo University Nigeria
Authors: Esan Deborah Tolulope , Ajiboye Yinka , Obed Rachel , Olubodun Babakayode Babajide , Tobih James Enajero
Published: August 2024

Human exposure to indoor radon has been a subject of continuous concern due to its health implications, especially as it relates to lung cancer. Radon contaminates indoor air quality and poses a significant health threat if not abated/controlled. A seasonal indoor radon assessment of residential buildings of Obafemi Awolowo University was carried out to determine radon seasonal variability and to evaluate the cancer risk to the residents. AT-100 diffusion-based track detectors were deployed within living rooms and bedrooms for the radon measurement. During the rainy season, the average indoor radon concentration was 18.4 ± 10.1 Bq/m3, with higher concentrations observed in bedrooms compared to living rooms, whereas the average radon concentration was 19.0 ± 4.4 Bq/m3 in the dry season, with similar radon levels in living rooms and bedrooms. The potential alpha energy concentration values ranged from 1.62 to 7.57 mWL. The annual effective dose equivalent values were below the world average and recommended limits for public exposure. Of the three geological units underlying the residences, the buildings overlying the granite gneiss lithology have the highest radon concentrations with average value of 21.4 Bq/m3. The soil gas radon concentration to indoor radon concentration ratio over the granite gneiss lithology is 0.006. The estimated average lifetime cancer risk due to radon inhalation in the residences indicated a potential risk of cancer development in 178 persons in 100 000 population over a lifetime period. The average indoor radon concentrations were below the recommended limit, requiring no immediate remediation measures. Improved ventilation of residential apartments is recommended to minimize residents’ risk to indoor radon.
Girl-instrument: Posthumanism, producers, and virtual performers in Japanese music
Authors: Ng Man Chuen Caitlyn
Published: August 2024

Vocal synthesizer programs such as Vocaloid use artificial intelligence to create humanlike vocal tracks without human singers. These programs often tie their voice banks to animated avatars, making each user-created song a part of a never-ending oeuvre of work for a distinct virtual performer. These avatars can not only be used in images and video, but also in augmented reality concerts through semi-transparent LED screens that make it look like these animated virtual performers are performing live. ‘Vocaloid’ then is not only a software or a genre of music created using that software, but also denotes a hyperreal virtual performer. Through a feminist critique that utilizes Inter-Asian referencing, this paper problematizes the issue of removing the human from the female body to make it widely usable as a medium of expression and question the usage of Vocaloids in consideration of the future of digital technologies.
A society of migration: Poststructuralist perspectives on the constitution of society and the production of migration
Authors: Delitz Heike
Published: August 2024

This article addresses the gap in sociological theory concerning the politics of ‘migration’ – even though this area of politics and the debates surrounding it are of social salience and relevance. Both in social theory (the question of what society actually is or how it is constituted) and in the social analysis of modernity, the topic of migration plays a role no more than en passent. Nevertheless, there are sociological theories that allow us to shed light on debates, practices, institutions, and infrastructures of migration. The article focuses on poststructuralist and postcolonial theories in order to think modern society as ‘society of migration’, i.e. as a society which is constituted by the production of migration and migrants, as well as by the migrant subjects themselves.
A comparison of written case notes and the delivery of care in dementia specialist mental health wards
Authors: Davies-Abbott Ian , Daunt Joanne , Roberts Emma
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Stigmatising language concerning people living with dementia can cause potentially harmful and dehumanising consequences. Language used about people living with dementia in mental health wards may focus on medical perspectives and suggest custodial relationships with patients rather than person-centred accounts of individuals. This language could have a devastating impact on the provision of person-centred care. This study investigated the relationship between accounts of people living with dementia written in healthcare case notes and clinical practice at three dementia specialist wards in Wales, UK. Language guidance was provided to ward staff to assess whether stigmatising language could be reduced and whether this influenced the provision of person-centred care.

Methodology: Dementia Care Mapping was adapted to analyse case note entries for enhancing and detracting accounts of people living with dementia at three data collection points. These were compared to the results of routine DCM observations of care across the three wards. The healthcare case notes of 117 people living with dementia, encompassing 4, 522 entries over ten months were analysed. DCM observations of 38 people living with dementia within the three wards were compared against the case note results. Person-centred language guidance was shared with care staff following each data collection point.

Results: Following the provision of person-centered language guidance, the use of personally enhancing language was observed to increase across all three wards. Non-person-centred case note entries predominantly focussed on Labelling language, whilst language concerning Invalidation and Objectification also occurred frequently compared to other DCM domains. Person centred language typically concerned Acknowledgement. A relationship between case note entries and practice was evident in some domains although findings were inconsistent.

Discussion and Implications: The findings highlight the importance of addressing stigmatising language in healthcare and suggest that further studies to support the anti-stigma agenda in dementia care are required.
Examining the Complex Mismatch Negativity in Early Phase Psychosis Using the Dual Rule Paradigm
Authors: Bissonnette Jenna N. , Anderson T-Jay , Crocker Candice E. , Tibbo Philip G. , Salisbury Dean F. , Fisher Derek J.
Published: August 2024

Using electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the simple mismatch negativity (MMN), a marker of auditory cortex function, has been of great interest in the exploration of biomarkers for psychotic illness. Despite many studies reporting MMN deficits in chronic schizophrenia, there are inconsistent reports of MMN reductions in the early phases of psychotic illness, suggesting the MMN elicited by traditional paradigms may not be a sensitive enough measure of vulnerability to be used as a biomarker. Recently, a more computationally complex measure of auditory cortex function (the complex mismatch negativity; cMMN) has been hypothesized to provide a more sensitive marker of illness vulnerability. The current study employed a novel dual rule paradigm, in which two pattern rules are established and violated, to examine the cMMN in 14 individuals with early phase psychosis (EPP, < 5 years illness) and 15 healthy controls (HC). Relationships between cMMN waveforms, symptom severity, and measures of functioning were explored. We found reductions of cMMN amplitudes at the site of maximal amplitude in EPP ( p = .017) with large effect sizes ( Hedges’ g = 0.96). This study is an early step in the exploration of the cMMN as a biomarker for psychosis. Our results provide evidence that the dual rule cMMN paradigm shows promise as a method for cMMN elicitation that captures more subtle neurofunctional changes in the early stages of illness.
Sources of influence for choosing an operating department practitioner career: Findings from a questionnaire among students in England
Authors: Wallis Lucy , Palmer Maja , Locke Rachel , Faulkner James , Lowes Helen , Harden Beverley
Published: August 2024

Aims:

The aim of this study was to explore the sources of influence which impact choosing an operating department practitioner career among current operating department practitioner students in England to inform recommendations for maximising recruitment and retention.

Methods:

An online questionnaire was disseminated to allied health professional, inclusive of operating department practitioner, students in England in 2021.

Results:

One hundred and fifty operating department practitioner students attending undergraduate courses completed the questionnaire. Personal influences, such as role models, were the key sources of influence for choosing an operating department practitioner career. Educational sources were the least influential. Gaining work experience or exposure to the theatre setting was perceived as key to address course attrition. Conducting one’s own research was vital in learning more about the operating department practitioner role and influencing the decision to choose the profession.

Conclusions:

There are opportunities to utilise media and educational sources more effectively to influence individuals to choose an operating department practitioner career.
Linear analysis of a swirling jet with a realistic swirler model
Authors: Varillon Grégoire , Kaiser Thomas Ludwig , Brokof Philipp , Oberleithner Kilian , Polifke Wolfgang
Published: August 2024

The dynamics of an axisymmetrical swirling jet is studied via global linear stability and resolvent analyses. The modeled flow represents a combustor-like swirling jet, that is turbulent, compressible, non-parallel, and enclosed. In particular, the computational domain embeds a realistic axisymmetrical swirler model to resolve the mode conversion process. Swirl fluctuations are non-negligible on this configuration representative of a swirl burner, and match the analytical mode shapes of inertial waves of an inviscid uniform flow as obtained from global stability analysis. The stability map presents two eigenvalues driving a modal amplification. These eigenmodes couple a standing acoustic wave sustained in the mixing duct and the combustion chamber with the Kelvin-Helmholtz mechanism at the mixing duct exit and the acoustic-vorticity mode conversion process at the swirler, and act as a frequency selection criterion. Finally, the most amplified forcing from the resolvent analysis is similar to an unsteady heat source in the combustion chamber, and the identified optimal amplification mechanism is likely to be triggered in reacting flow with unsteady heat release rate.
Comparative Effectiveness of Dupilumab Versus Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Polyps: Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Stybayeva Gulnaz , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: August 2024

Background

Current treatment paradigms recommend surgical intervention when conventional medical management proves ineffective in resolving chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.

Objectives

To assess and compare the efficacy of dupilumab and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) over time.

Methods

Studies comparing CRSwNP patients who received dupilumab with those who underwent FESS were included. Outcome measures included the nasal congestion score (NCS), Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test-40 (UPSIT-40), and nasal polyp score (NPS). The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results

A total of 4 studies with 724 participants were included. The dupilumab group had a superior NCS, but an inferior NPS, compared to the FESS group during the follow-up period. The SNOT-22 score of the dupilumab group was inferior to that of the FESS group until 6 months posttreatment, but the scores were similar at around 1 year. A similar trend was observed for the UPSIT-40 score, but the score of the dupilumab group was higher at around 1 year.

Conclusion

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was more effective than dupilumab for several months after treatment. However, at 1 year after treatment, the effects of the 2 treatments became similar, with greater olfactory improvement seen in the dupilumab group.
Response of structural elements of temporary wooden bridges subjected to contact detonation
Authors: Szlachta Artur Ildefons , Nowak Piotr R , Gajewski Tomasz , Sielicki Piotr W
Published: August 2024

The use of wood as a structural element is still commonly used in constructions, not only in civil engineering but also in military applications. The access to this material, its processing and the ability to create individual joins without advanced equipment are reasons why wood remains an important material in military operations. Another important argument is the use of wooden structures to build local crossings for the benefit of the state economy. The speed of construction and the cost of making for example a driving deck are many times lower. This is quite an important factor influencing the decision of local governments to rebuild temporary crossings. Moreover, the skilful use of this material can significantly help the army in terms of durability and effective manoeuvrability. Engineering troops can build shelters for people and equipment, as well as low-water and underwater bridges and crossings for armoured fighting vehicles from wood. Any destruction of wooden structures planned by the engineering troops must be based on calculations derived from knowledge and experience. This article presents experiments on contact explosions of wooden structural elements. Pine beams with an equal diameter of 23 cm were tested in the military field. The wooden log destruction has been inventoried and the damage to particular wooden tissues was quantified by using different amounts of explosives. Also, professional military analyses were conducted to determine the explosive mass to destroy such wooden logs. Later, the computed values were compared with the results obtained in the field experiment and a damage parameter of energy criteria for pine wood was determined for the constitutive model of wood including damage.