bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Taguchi Methods and Regression Analysis to Optimize Process Parameters and Reinforcements for Maximizing Composite’s Coefficient of Friction for Brake Disc Application: A Statistical Optimization Approach
Authors:   Federal University Wukari, Katsina-Ala Road, Wukari, Taraba State, Ibrahim Tanimu Kogi , Iliyasu Ibrahim ,   Ahmadu Bello University, Sokoto Road, Samaru-Zaria, Abiodun Popoola Caleb ,   University Wukari, Katsina-Ala Road, Wukari, Taraba State
Published: October 2024

This research aimed to explore the potential of pumice and coal ash as natural reinforcements for aluminum alloy (AA6061) composites, with a focus on optimizing the coefficient of friction of the composite for brake disc production. The pumice, coal ash, and aluminum alloy were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Taguchi method was employed to design the experimental runs and to identify optimal process parameters and reinforcements for maximizing the composite's coefficient of friction. At the same time, regression analysis was utilized to establish a robust mathematical model for predicting the composite's coefficient of friction based on the process variables. The XRF characterization results revealed that aluminum alloy (AA6061) contained Al, Si, and Mg as the major elements. The analysis also shows that the predominant constituents in coal ash were Si, Al, Fe, Ti, and Ca, whereas that of brown pumice particulates were Si, Fe, Al, Ca, K, and Ti. The XRD characterization analysis revealed that brown pumice and coal ash consist of SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3as the major phases, making them well-suited as reinforcement in metal matrixes. According to the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, the aluminum alloy, brown pumice, and coal ash have an onset temperature of 264.08, 724 °C, and 606.61°C, respectively, before deterioration. The optimal composite's coefficient of friction of 0.661 (experimental) was achieved at 2.5vol% of brown pumice, 10 vol% of coal ash, 400 rpm stirrer speed, 700 °C pouring temperature, and 15 minutes stirring duration. The developed mathematical model shows an excellent level of coefficient of friction prediction, with an R-squared value of 99.42%, 97.82%, and 76.40% for R-square, adjusted R-square, and predicted R-square, respectively.
Wastewater Treatment of Food Industry Using Electrochemically Generated Ferrates
Authors:   Polytechnic Institute of Penza State University, Penza, Kireev Sergey Yu. , N. Shtepa Vladimir ,   Polessky State University, Pinsk, Brest region, N. Kireeva Svetlana ,   Polytechnic Institute of Penza State University, Penza, V. Kozyr Alexey ,   Polessky State University, Pinsk, Brest region, B. Shikunets Alexey ,   Polessky State University, Pinsk, Brest region, V. Naumov Lev ,   Polytechnic Institute of Penza State University, Penza, R. Melzitdinov Rodion ,   Polytechnic Institute of Penza State University, Penza
Published: October 2024

The article considers a complex technology for electrochemical wastewater treatment from a meat processing plant. The process of water treatment includes a sequential processing in graphite and iron anode-based electrochemical modules, and exposure in maturation and homogenization chamber. Ferrate generation has been evidenced in the iron anode-based module, and ferrates concurrently acting as mild oxidants, coagulants, and steel corrosion inhibitors. The electrochemical potential of ferrates ranges from 1.3 to 1.5 V in aqueous solutions for the pH values between 6 and 8. Provided an increase in ferrate concentration up to 20 mg/L in the solution, the corrosion rate for capacitive equipment and pipelines is reduced by twofold. An application of iron (III) hydroxide as a product of ferrate reduction lowers wastewater clarification by 1.5-2.0 times compared to the widely used ferric iron and aluminum salts. The research findings provide for the advancement of integrated water treatment solutions and highlight the importance of implementing efficient treatment processes to minimize the environmental impact of meat processing plants.
Preparation and Applicationof Immobilized Valproic Acid Xerogel as Delivery System
Authors:   National Research Centre, Dokki, A. Haroun Ahmed , A. Masoud Ragab ,   National Research Centre, Dokki, M. Osman Ali H. ,   Beni-Suef University
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study is to conduct the preparation and characterization of a xerogel through the co-gelation process involving tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 2-propylpentanoic acid (Valproic acid, VA). The characterization of the resulting xerogel utilized techniques such as infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as scanning and transmitting electron microscopes (SEM and TEM). Furthermore, the in vitro release of VA and the kinetics ofits release were investigatedemploying various mathematical models (zero-order, first-order, and Higuchi) in a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 and 37°C utilizing HPLC. The findings from the FTIR and XRD analyses provided evidence supporting the successful synthesis of the xerogel with an amorphous configuration. Nevertheless, observations from TEM images exhibited a spherical-like morphology with an average dimension of approximately 1910 d.nm, contrasting with the pure TEOS measuring 924 d.nm. Moreover, the research illustrated aregulated release of VA after 4 h, indicating that the TEOS-based xerogel presents a promising approach for VA delivery characterized by sustained release following the Higuchi kinetic over a 24-h period. Subsequent to these outcomes, the xerogel with an amorphous configuration was successful synthesized for VA regulated release.
Sustainable Carbon Dots Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Wan Ishak Wan Nuraishah , Ling Tan Huey ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Abu Bakar Noor Fitrah ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Pei Lim Ying ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a sustainable approach to synthesizing carbon dots (CDs) from biomass waste for the effective photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB). CDs were successfully synthesized from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) via a facile one-step hydrothermal treatment. The CDs exhibited spherical morphology with both amorphous and crystalline structures, characterized by XRD analysis. SEM-EDX analysis indicated the presence of carbon, oxygen, and potassium. FTIR spectroscopy identified the presence of hydroxyl, aromatic, carbonyl, and C-C functional groups. UV-vis spectroscopy revealed characteristic absorption bands in the UV region from 230 to 340 nm, while the solution exhibited a dark brown color under ambient light and green luminescence under UV excitation (365nm). The optimal degradation efficiency of 68.5% was achieved in 160 minutes at pH 10 with 20 mg/L CDs in a 10 mg/L MB solution. Kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 1.5 x10⁻³ min⁻¹. This research demonstrates a simple and sustainable method for synthesizing spherical, amorphous, and crystalline CDs from biomass waste, showcasing their potential in environmental remediation.
Conductivity and Chemiresistive H2S Gas Sensitivity of Graphene (75 wt%)/ Cu (25 wt%) Composite Thin Film
Authors:   Ave Maria University, O. Omoniyi Francis , B. Alabi Aderemi ,   University of Ilorin, A. Salawu Mufutau ,   University of Ilorin, A. Babalola Olayinka ,   University of Ilorin
Published: October 2024

This paper studies the conductivity and chemiresistive H2S gas sensitivity of graphene (75wt%)-Cu(25wt%) composite thin film, using self-made chamber and common laboratory apparatus. The method adopted involves mixture of 2 drops of ethanol with the synthesized composite and prepared on a glass substrate by tape casting method. Two small copper metal sheets were used as electrodes for clipping of crocodile which were also connected to digital meter for resistance readings and its changes. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) shows thatannealing temperature reduced the crystallite sizes. The Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) spectra show the functional groups present to be transition metal carbonyls or aromatic combination bands, terminal alkyne (monosubstituted), isothiocyanate and that between 2300 and 2400 cm-1 indicates N=C=S functional group and evidence of CO2 interaction with external surface of the material or intercalating in the interlayer of the host material Also, increase in the conductivity was observed due to decrease in resistivity. The response/sensitivity peak of the sensor to hydrogen sulfide was seen to rise proportionally as temperature rose with percentage 3.97% for as grown, annealed at 200°C is at 12.98% while the annealed at 400°C is at 27.34%.
The Effect of a Riga Plate On Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Along a Stretching Cylinder with an Exponential Heat Source and Thermal Radiation
Authors:   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Aworinde Adekunle , Oseme Okuma Silas ,   Nigeria Maritime University,, Olusegun Areo Adeisa ,   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ololade Akande Mariam ,   Federal University of Health Science Nigeria, Adegbite Peter ,   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oladimeji Akindele Akintayo ,   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effect of a Riga plate on the flow characteristics of a Casson hybrid nanofluid through a stretching cylinder embedded in a porous medium in the presence of an exponential heat source and thermal radiation. This model is used toexplore the potential applications of this analysis in the fields of cancer treatment and wound healing. The governing partial differential equations are converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity variables, and the heat transfer phenomena, fluid flow dynamics, and nanoparticle behavior in the base fluid were captured through numerical analysis. The Casson fluid model was used to capture the non-Newtonian characteristics of blood-like fluids in the circulatory system, and stretching was employed to mimic the blood vessel. The modeling involved incorporating thermal radiation (Ra) and an exponential heat source, which are encountered in cancer treatment. The Runge-Kutta order 4 with shooting technique was used to obtain numerical solutions of the governing equations, and the effects of the Casson fluid parameter, curvature parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, Eckert number, and radiation parameter were analyzed. The results showed that the Riga plate affected the flow patterns by increasing the temperature, and the temperature distribution was improved by increasing the radiation parameter and nanoparticle concentration. The insights from this study could be used to optimize heat-based treatments for cancer and wound healing, where control of fluid dynamics and heat transfer processes is critical.
A Low-Cost Monitoring System for Energy Consumption Analysis During Machining Operation
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ibrahim Akmal Najihah , Lim Soon Chong Johnson ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA
Published: October 2024

CNC machining is a common manufacturing process which requires significant energy consumption. The first step towards energy savings is to monitor the energy consumption of CNC machines, which are usually equipped with a three-phase electrical power supply. However, existing energy metres are costly for detailed measurements of a machine's energy consumption level. This study developed a low-cost energy measurement device based on the Arduino microcontroller-based platform to monitor energy consumption during CNC machining processes. The product development methodologyincludes the measurement procedure, calibration, pilot study prior to the commencement of the actual study, and results validation. A field experiment was conducted to validate the design's functionality. Preliminary energy measurements were performed on tool standby, tool changing, spindle rotation speeds, and feed rates. Results showed that the average standby power of the CNC machine is 5.15 kWh, with actual power consumption for the coolant pump motor, spindle motor, and feed motor being 0.43 kW, 0.77 kW, and 0.45 kW, respectively. Energy consumption is increased with spindle rotation speed and feed rate increments. The analysis results demonstrated the product's ability as a cost-effective solution for machining energy monitoring.
Botanical Vegetables Recognition on Raspberry Pi Using Single Shot Detector (SSD)
Authors:   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Iqbal Mortadza M. , Shah Zainudin M.N. ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Idris M.I. ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Mohd Saad W.H. ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Kamarudin M.R. ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Napiah Z.A.F.M. ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Nizam Nurul Zarirah ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Muhammad Sufri ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Advancements in computer vision technologies have fueled research interest in automating object detection, particularly in agricultural contexts. Human eyes prone to error during the sortingprocess when differentiating the various types of botanical vegetablessuch as bell pepper (capsicum), chili, tomatoes, etc. Hence, the use an object detection method is believed could categorize this botanicalvegetables precisely, allowing farmers to optimize their operations and reduce labor expenses. This study exploresthe identification of various botanical vegetables types using a Raspberry Pi and the Single Shot Detector (SSD). The proposed approach involves curating an extensive botanical vegetables dataset with detailed annotationsto optimize training process.Implementing SSD on the Raspberry Pi capitalizes on its processing power and versatility. Our research demonstrates the system's effectiveness in detecting a wide range of botanical vegetables, including chili, capsicum, tomatoes, and vegetable leaf, achieving an average precisionof 89% across diverse environmental conditions. Computational efficiency analysis showcases its real-time vegetable detection capabilities, rendering it suitable for agricultural applications such as automated sorting, inventory management, and quality monitoring.
Assessment of Deep Learning Model System for Blood Glucose Time-Series Prediction
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hakim Ade Anggian HakimAde Anggian , Mahmud Farhanahani ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Morsin Marlia ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Diabetes has become one of the most severe and prevalent chronic diseases, leading to life-threatening, costly, and disabling consequences and reduced life expectancy. Uncontrolled blood glucose (BG) conditions become afactor in diabetes mellitus sufferers, which then causes BG levels that are too high (hyperglycemia) and too low (hypoglycemia). People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) require long-term BG management to keep BG levels. Deep learning models using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) data to monitor and regulate BG concentrations in diabetic patients with prediction values to prevent hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia is very important. Based on some of the latest research, the deep learning Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) model is considered an approach method with superior performance in time-series prediction. Therefore, in this study, two TFT models, the TFT and AutoTFT univariate models, were proposed for the time-series BG prediction for T1DM patients. In this study, the two proposed TFT models with two baseline models, were trained and tested on the ShanghaiT1DM dataset. The proposed and baseline models were trained using manual and auto-tuning hyperparameterswith Optuna on cross-validation for prediction horizons(PHs) of 30 and 60 minutes, respectively.The performance metrics used to evaluate the models were mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean squared error (RMSE).As aresult,the TFT model is superior to the baseline LSTM model, also the proposed AutoTFT modelsachieved the smallest MAE, MAPE, and RMSE for both 30 and 60-minute PHs, respectively of all models used.Besides, the BG prediction results with 30-minutePHs are better than those with 60-minutePHsfor all the models.This shows that theAutoTFT modelstands as a promising tool forthe accurate prediction of adverse glycemic events.
Evaluating Training Methods for Future Technical Specialists
Authors:   National Technical University, Cherkashyn Andrii , Asieieva Iryna ,   National Technical University, Koshkarov Yurii ,   National Technical University, Melnyk Tamara ,   National Technical University, Panfilov Yurii ,   National Technical University
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the efficacy of current training methods for technical specialists in higher education, focusing on the development of professional competencies, skills, and personal qualities. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including questionnaires and interviews among students of National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” and National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine, the research identifies gaps in traditional educational frameworks and the challenges posed by distance learning. Key findings reveal a significant satisfaction with the quality of professional training among students, underscored by the effective use of modern teaching methods and technologies. However, difficulties with distance learning and technology utilization were notable concerns. The study recommends the creation of online laboratories, development of training programs for modern technologies, incorporation of joint student projects, and enhanced collaboration between universities and industry to improve training quality. These recommendations aim to align technical education more closely with industry demands and technological advancements. The implications for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) suggest a paradigm shift towards integrating interactive, technology-driven methods into curricula, addressing the digital divide, and fostering industry-academia partnerships. This approach promises to prepare a workforce adept at navigating the complexities of modern and future job markets, emphasizing the practical application of theoretical knowledge and the importance of continuous learning and adaptability.
The Effects of Professional Occupational Competence Deficiencies on the TVET Lecturers: A Case Study
Authors:   University of South Africa, Maluka Mojalefa Daniel , Mulaudzi Maelekanyo Christopher ,   University of South Africa
Published: October 2024

The quality of TVET college lecturers significantly affectsthe development and performance of students and, as a consequence, the economy. This study utilises Wenger’s theory of social learning to explore the impactof professional occupational competence deficiencies on TVET lecturersat selected public colleges in Gauteng Province, South Africa. This study aimedto explore the effects of professional occupational competence deficiencies on the TVET lecturers across selected TVET colleges in the Gauteng Province, South Africa. Central to the challenge of lecturersprofessional occupational competence deficiencies is the lack of training and development to capacitate them with the necessary knowledge and skills to ensure that they play their roles optimally in providingstudents with quality education. A case study design was adopted in this study, underpinned by a qualitative research approach. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants from five public TVET colleges in Gauteng Province. Data were collected from fifteen sampled participants through semi-structured interviews and processed through Atlas.ti. Thematic analysis technique was used to analyse the data.The findings of this study show that due to professional occupational competence deficiencies, TVET lecturers are experiencing profound challenges such as low self-efficacy, self-regulation failure, low motivation, anger, and resentment towards college management.To improve TVET lecturers’ competence, efforts need to be made to focus on teaching professional occupational competenciesas a priority. This study outlines the challenges that professional occupational competence deficiencies pose for the TVET sector and, by implication,the national development imperatives of South Africa.
HeutagogyBased E-Training: Internship Teacher Digital Competence for an Equitable Global Civilization
Authors:   State University of Malang, ‘Alam Ghasa Faraasyatul , Budi Wiyono Bambang ,   State University of Malang, Burhanuddin  ,   State University of Malang, Muslihati  ,   State University of Malang
Published: October 2024

The development of the digital transformation era has had a major influence on the current occupationalfields. The challenges faced by the next generation of the nation are getting bigger; this is also felt by internship teachers (teacher training) who carry out school field introduction programsfrom universities. Seeing the low output to be able to get the opportunity to become a teacher with a bachelor's degree in educationis the main concern of inequitableglobal civilization. The aim of the research is to focus on knowing the needs of internship teachers related to digital competence training before they carry out the school field introduction program. The research method used is a mixed method with a total of 160 active students at Brawijaya University who will become internship teachers. The results of the study reveal that the need for the aspect of gaining new competencies is 85%, the development of digital competencies is very high, especially in the aspect of integrating digital pedagogy, and the knowledge aspect is 65% for increasing heutagogy-basede-training experiences. This study concludes that the need for internship teachers for the existence of heutagogy-basede-training is very much needed to realize an equitable global civilization in the era of digital transformation.
Digital Technology Landscape for Vocational Education: Learning Loss Recovery
Authors:   Suan Dusit University, Jitsupa Jira , Skunhom Venus ,   Suan Dusit University, Nilsook Prachyanun ,   King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Hinon Kanitta ,   King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Sangboonraung Watcharee ,   Nakhon Phanom University, Daungtod Srisuda ,   Nakhon Phanom University, Phumee Wilawan ,   Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Promsron Kitiya ,   Office of the Basic Education Commission,Bangkok
Published: October 2024

The research aimed to; 1) study the expectations of teachers on the behavioralconditions of vocational education learners, 2) Study the ability of teachers to achieve the expected behavioral conditions of vocational education, 3) Comparison of the use of digital technology in teaching by teachers to recover the learning loss of vocational learners during the new normal and next normalperiods, 4) Study the teachers need to use digital technology in teaching to recover the learning loss of vocational learners during the new normal and next normalperiods,and 5) Create digital technology landscape for learning loss recovery on vocational education. Data were collected with an online questionnaire that passed the validity and reliability with 301 vocationalteachers. The results of the research showed teachers have higher expectationsof learners’ behavioral conditions. Teachers can make vocational learners experience the expected behavioral conditions to a greater extent. Teachers use digital technology to organize teaching to recover the learning loss of vocational learners during the new normal rather than during the next normal. However, the demand for digital technology for teaching to recover the learning loss problem of learners during the next normalis increasing more than during the new normal.The study suggests improving the knowledge and ability of teachers to use digital technology for teaching to recover the problem of learning loss among learners.
Mediation Roles of Transformational Leadership and Psychological Empowerment on Work-Life Balance and In-role Performance of Vocational Educators in Nigeria
Authors:   University of Nigeria, Ifeanyi Edeh Nathaniel , N. Ezebuiro Felicia ,   University of Nigeria, Okute Agnes Lawrence ,   University of Calabar, Nwadi Calister Lebechukwu ,   University of Nigeria, Ugwunwoti Emeka Promise ,   Enugu State University of Science and Technology
Published: October 2024

This study is necessitated by the dire need to determine the mechanisms of leadership transformation approaches that explain why 360-degree feedback is effective in helping supervisors and subordinates identify weaknesses and strengths and take positive actions for institutional health, growth, and productivity. The study tested five hypotheses based on survey responses from 754 TVET stakeholders (Deans, HODs, educators, undergraduate and postgraduate students). Data was elicited from the participants usingfour Scales. The reliability of the instruments was determined using the Cronbach alpha technique. Data collected was analysed using descriptive, inferential statistics and hierarchical Multiple Regression method to determine the total, direct and indirect effects of the variables studied. The result indicated that psychological empowerment and work-life balance jointly and significantly mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and the in-role performance (IRP), and also psychologicalempowerment and educators’ IRP. This study contributes to the extant literature that promote supervisors’ transformational leadership styles, vocational educators’ in-role performance, and work-life balance. The practical implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research were discussed.
Examining the Social-emotionalSkills of TVETEducators and Students: A Dual Perspective Analysis
Authors:   University of Lahore, Dahri Salma , Chinedu Caleb Chidozie ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Gull Mehwish ,   University of Lahore, Colcha Ortiz Raquel Virginia ,   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo
Published: October 2024

In Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET), developing a skilled workforce is crucial. However, the effectiveness of TVET educators can be compromised by various challenges, including the insufficient understanding and integration of social-emotional skills (SES) into their scholarship and practice. Despite the importance of SES for enhancing educator efficacy and instructional quality, this area remains underexplored within the TVET context. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the SES levels among TVET instructors and explore the differences in how instructors and students across various faculties perceive these skills. Additionally, it seeks to understand the impact of these perceptions on educational practices within TVET. Employing a quantitative case study design, this investigation compared the SES reported by 99 instructors and perceived by 373 final-year students, spanning both education and engineering faculties at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The findings reveal that both groups generally recognise high levels of SES among the instructors. Nevertheless, notable disparities exist between SES levels of educators from the education and engineering faculties, revealing significant disciplinary differences in social-emotional skill sets. The study underscores the pivotal role of SES in the TVET sector and highlights the necessity of external feedback in SES evaluation. By identifying disparities in SES perceptions across faculties, the study recognises opportunities for enhancing TVET instruction through targeted SES development, thereby potentially improving the efficacy and effectiveness of TVET educators.
Entrepreneurial Intention Challenge in TVET Education
Authors:   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Abu Bakar Kamarudin , Muhd. Feisal Ismail Albert Feisal@ ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Mohamad Mohd. Amin ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Ahmad Norun Najjah ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Sahlan Mohd. Khairulnizam ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Khodri Harahap Afif Zuhri Muhammad ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA
Published: October 2024

Effective entrepreneurship courseamong TVET students are critical. The economic situation canbe revived by new business venture.Knowledge learnt promotes self-reliance while real practices made meaningful contributions to the nation. 108 respondents were selected through convenience sampling from 2 engineering programs at a public TVET university in Melaka. Descriptive analysis yields high mean values between 81.5%-91.7% on perceive importance, business interest, sales/marketing skills, enjoy practical activities, and understand syllabuswhere19.4% of the students managed toown legitimate business. The study used hybrid analysis between SPSS on the moderating effect and SEM-AMOS on the mediating effect. In the first analysis, the study examined whether “coursedelivery” could induce a moderating effect on the model understudy. The 3variables correlated well with one another. Multiple regression showedsignificant “entrepreneurial intention” among students. Although “coursedelivery” explains further 2.5% variance in the “appropriate behaviors”, the model interaction has a negative effect toward students’ “entrepreneurial intention”. In second analysis, AMOS was used as CFA to test and validate the mediating effect on the variables direct, indirect and total effects dimensions. The outputs demonstrate acceptable goodness of fit indices from the measurement model where Chi-square and comparative fit (CMin/df, CFI, SRMR, and RMSEA) values were statistically significant at 0.5 level. However, the value of 0.072 at the variables intersection concludes that “coursedelivery” did not mediate the relationship between “appropriate behaviors” and “entrepreneurial intention”. Hence, both analysis results were consistent in which “coursedelivery” was not the main factor in determining an effective “entrepreneurial intention” among the TVET engineering students. It suggested the improve of “appropriate behaviors” factors assimilation to become global entrepreneurs and self-sustained TVET graduates.
Relationship between Art and Design Students’ Technical and Managerial Skill Traits and Their Entrepreneurial Skill Traits
Authors:   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Oluwagbenga Odewole Peter , Adeloye Adebayo Abiodun ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Fisayo Afolabi Benjamin Enitan ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University,, Oladesu Johnson Olarinde ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Oyinloye Michael Abiodun ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Uzzi Festus Osarumwense ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University
Published: October 2024

The unavailability of jobs for graduates has become a gross concern in developing countries such as Nigeria, which is not necessarily contingent on graduates from any specific course of study, including art and design education. It is thus evident that proficiency in artistic or creative talent alone is insufficient to guarantee a thriving art and design career and the need to develop the required entrepreneurial propensity. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the entrepreneurial skills and traits of art and design students in Nigerian higher education institutions (HEIs) as a remedy for stimulating their entrepreneurial tendencies. The hypothesized model of art and design students’ entrepreneurial traits was developed based on the theoretical framework developed from the literature as a three-factor construct (Model 1.0) comprising technical/soft skills, managerial skills, and entrepreneurial skills. Data was obtained using a structured Likert scale questionnaire of 36 items adapted from Yilzman & Sunbul’s entrepreneurial scale from a sample of 186 art and design students. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and thecovariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) via the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and IBM SPSS Amos 26 Graphics software. The model fit results reveal that the goodness-of-fit statistics indexes fell within the acceptable range. The results of the hypotheses testing of the model show that no significant association exists between art and design students’ technical and entrepreneurial skill traits. However, there is a significant association betweentheir managerial and entrepreneurial skill traits. The outcome of this research has implications for TVET institutions in the arts and design field further to promote the development of students’ inherent entrepreneurial traits to boost their entrepreneurial tendencies.
The Moderating Effect of Gender and School Type on the Nexus between Soft Skills and TVET Graduates’ Employability
Authors:   University of Johannesburg, Awodiji Omotayo Adewale
Published: October 2024

As the global economy evolves, the need for highly skilled workers becomes increasingly vital. In response to widespread unemployment throughout Africa, TVET programs offer opportunities for citizens to receive professional training. For potential employees, self-perception plays a critical role in their employability. Thus, this study examined the moderating roles of gender and school type in the relationship between soft skills and employability for TVET graduates. Using a survey research design, 327 respondents were systematically sampled and surveyed. The instrument's reliability was assessed with ordinal alpha coefficients of 0.89 and 0.77. The inferential analysis, specifically -the regression statistic, was used to evaluate the hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. Hayes model 2 was also used to determine the moderation effects. Results revealed that gender does not moderate the relationship between soft skills and employability, but school type significantly moderated the relationship between soft skills and employability, with graduates from technical colleges having a stronger and more positive relationship between soft skills and employability than those from Brigade schools. To enhance employability, governments, professional institutions, and TVET program administrators should provide development programs on soft skills for educators, regardless of school type, to transfer relevant skills to their learners.
Map of Employer Needs and Young IT Professionals
Authors:   Narxoz University, Zholdasbekova Gulbakhyt , Karimova Madina ,   National Pedagogical University, Duisebayeva Aizhan ,   Narxoz University, Abdulina Gulnar ,   Narxoz University
Published: October 2024

This research aims to identify the specific needs of young people in the Mangistau and West Kazakhstan regions during their job search in the IT field and determine the IT professions in high demand according to employers. The research employs online surveys and economic-statistical analysis as the primary methods. The findings indicate that the negative labourmarket trends in Kazakhstan and neighboring countries are projected to worsen by 2030. While the information and communication technology sector represent a highly promising area for new job creation, employers' expectations often do not align with the skill sets possessed by young professionals. Employers also anticipate a future surge in demand for cybersecurity specialists. The practical significance of this research lies in enabling young applicants to make informed decisions regarding their IT career paths, allowing employers to gain insight into the expectations of potential employees, and aiding public authorities in developing education and IT programs to combat youth unemployment.
Enhancing Stakeholders’ Engagement in TVET Policy and Strategy Development in Ethiopia
Authors:   Addis Ababa University, Tekle Ashebir , Areaya Solomon ,   Addis Ababa University, Habtamu Getachew ,   Addis Ababa University
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the depth of stakeholders’ engagement in the formulation of TVET policies and strategies and assesses the efficacy of awareness-building initiatives in Ethiopia. Anchored in a transformative worldview, this qualitative study utilizes a phenomenological research design and involves 35 participants selected for interviews from 33 organizations, including officials, industry representatives, and TVET deans. Moreover, two separate focus groups comprised of trainers were convened to engage in discussions about the subject matter, and a document analysis was made. The data collection was conducted by the researchers, assisted by a team of five individuals, with one representative from each region. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants. The findings reveal that key stakeholders, specifically the Ministries of Construction, Urban Development, and Tourism, lacked substantive engagement in the policy formulation process. Additionally, some ministerial level and major TVET policy and strategy implementers, like trainers and industries, did not have a clear awareness of the current TVET policy and strategy. Additionally, there is a notable absence of participation from regional agencies, associations, and industries in policy and strategy design. From the total list of 35 interviewed respondents, only 17% were engaged, whereas, from two sets of focus group discussions, none of the stakeholders were engaged in TVET policy and strategy development. The study concludes that Ethiopian TVET policy and strategy formulation suffer from insufficient stakeholders’ involvement and fragmented awareness initiatives. It is inferred that there is an imperative for the Ministry of Labour and Skills to foster awareness and dialogues at both the federal and regional spheres, incorporating feedback from pivotal stakeholders for future policy refinements.
Teleworking and Psychological Well-being:Insights and Applications for TVETInstitutions
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Anitawati  , Zainal Natasha ,   HRD Corp, Hamidi Saidatul Rahah ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Hadiana Ana ,   Berau of National Research and Innovation
Published: October 2024

The shift to teleworking has reshaped the work environment, introducing new dynamics and challenges. This transition is particularly relevant in the context of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), where preparing students for the evolving job market is essential.This study addresses the limited scientific analysis of how teleworking affects psychological well-being. Understanding these impacts is crucial for TVET institutions to equip students with the skills needed to thrive in remote working environments.The objectives are to identify the determinants of psychological well-being related to teleworking, analyze their impact, and propose a conceptual model linking these determinants to well-being. This study aims to fill the gap in existing research by providing concrete evidence and insights.The methodology involves a quantitative approach,using a survey questionnaire administered to 107 participants from a selected area. Data collection focuses on various factors influencing psychological well-being, and the analysis employs statistical methods to identify significant determinants and their relationships.The findings reveal key determinants of psychological well-being in teleworking, such as resilience, time management, and technology proficiency. These determinants are synthesized into a conceptual model that highlights their impacts and interconnections.The study's significance extends toTVET institutions by enhancing support services, providing mental health resources and counseling, establishing mentorship programs, and fostering partnerships with employers. These initiatives aim to better prepare students for teleworking, contributing to a healthier, more resilient workforce.
A Parallel Mediation Analysis of Behavioral Constructs Linking Intention-to-Use Technology to Performance Outcomes Among Pharmaceutical Executives
Authors:   exila American University, Oamen Theophilus Ehidiamen , Ihekoronye Maduabuchi Romanus ,   Obafemi Awolowo University, Enitan Olowofela Olusola ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University
Published: October 2024

Managers in organizations are at a crossroads in understanding how behavioral intention to use technology influences employee performance. In the technology acceptance model, behavioral intention is a precursor to actual system use. However, there is inadequate information on how this intention indirectly impacts performance among employees in pharmaceutical organizations. Intuitively, behavioral mechanisms (job satisfaction, conscientiousness, self-efficacy, perceived relevance) should transform technology use into desired outcomes and serve as explanatory links between behavioral intention and technology performance. Using the theoretical lens of the technology acceptance model, reasoned action, and contingency theories, this study explored the mechanisms linking behavioral intention to technology performance among pharmaceutical executives. A web-based survey of a random sample of 282 pharmaceutical executives was conducted using a self-administered Google Forms questionnaire. Data was analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling in ADANCO software, controlling for job-based demographics. All independent variables in the model significantly explained the variance in the dependent variable, technology performance. Perceived relevance was the only substantial linkage between behavioral intention and technology performance. The study confirmed that perceived relevance is an important mediator between behavioral intention and technology performance. To enhance performance, managers should adopt strategies that enhance job satisfaction, conscientiousness, self-efficacy, and perceived relevance. Ensuring appropriate technology deployment, adequate employee education, and targeted training are crucial for enhancing these mediating effects. The study contributes to the existing literature by recommending the inclusion of perceived relevance as a mediating link in the technology acceptance model.
Business Risk Management Ideology and Entrepreneurial Development of Students in Tertiary Institutions in Southwestern, Nigeria
Authors:   Federal Polytechnic Offa, GBenga Alli Noah
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the relationship between Business Risk Management (BRM) ideology and the entrepreneurial development of students in tertiary institutions within Southwestern Nigeria. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected from a sample of 1918 students across five federal universities in the region. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire designed to gather information on risk identification, risk assessment and evaluation, risk mitigation and control strategies, entrepreneurial intentions, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial behavior. The findings suggest a positive relationship between BRM ideology and the entrepreneurial development of students. Specifically, risk identification was found to significantly influence entrepreneurial intentions (p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Risk assessment and evaluation also demonstrated a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial intentions (p < 0.01), self-efficacy (p < 0.01), and entrepreneurial behavior (p < 0.05). Additionally, risk mitigation and control strategies were found to significantly contribute to entrepreneurial intentions (p < 0.01), self-efficacy (p < 0.01), and entrepreneurial behavior (p < 0.01). These findings highlight the importance of integrating BRM education into the curriculum of tertiary institutions in Southwestern Nigeria. By equipping students with the knowledge and skills to identify, assess, and mitigate potential risks, they are better prepared to navigate the challenges and uncertainties inherent in entrepreneurial ventures. This, in turn, can contribute to the growth of a vibrant and resilient entrepreneurial ecosystem in the region.
Unveiling the Complexities of ESG and CSR Disclosures Determinants: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   Pole Paris Alternance (PPA) Business School, Seow Richard Yeaw Chong
Published: October 2024

The intensifying focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in recent years has attracted substantial scholarly interest in investigating the determinants of these disclosure practices. While notable similarities between ESG and CSR were found, the somewhat murky relationship between the two has introduced significant ambiguities into the academic discourse. To address this issue, this study performed a systematic review of 164 articles sourced from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, indicating post-2018 articles to constitute 70% and 81% concentrating on the extent of disclosures. The literature revealed substantial similarities in the theoretical frameworks and discovered determinants, but exposed considerable confusion concerning the definitions and proxies used for CSR disclosures which future research can address. The study offers insightful clarity to the burgeoning knowledge of ESG and CSR, benefiting both academicians and practitioners.
Shaping a Digital Future: Examining Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) Framework
Authors:   Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus (SUTS), Wasudawan Komathi , Sim Chia Hua ,   Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus (SUTS)
Published: October 2024

The uptake of e-commerce (EC) has seen a rise, increasing from 27.8% in 2019 to 37.9% in 2021, leading to a greater emphasis on online sales. However, according to SME Corporation Malaysia’s 2021 report, 65.5% of SMEs believe EC is unnecessary and prefer physical stores, while 16.6% cited a lack of skilled employees to initiate, maintain, and manage online systems. Therefore, this study examines the critical constructs surrounding the adoption of EC by SMEs in the service and other sectors in Malaysia. Utilizing the constructs of perceived benefits (H1), EC complexity (H2), top management attitude (H3), competitors' pressure (H4), and government support (H5), the adoption of EC by Malaysian SMEs was measured and analysed. This study is supported by the Technology, Organisation, and Environment (TOE) framework dimension. The data were collected through an online questionnaire-based survey, and 155 responses were used for this study. Two of the most recognised statistical software are utilised to analyze the collected data. First, the R software was used to perform descriptive statistics. The majority of the respondents (56.77%) stated that their enterprise’s sales turnover was below RM300,000, with an additional 26.45% of respondents’ firms falling within the sales turnover range of RM300,001 to RM3,000,000. Second, the SmartPLS was utilized to test measurement and structural models. The findings indicated that theperceived benefits and EC complexity are positively associated with EC adoption by SMEs. In contrast, the results concerning top management attitude, competitor pressure, and government support indicated otherwise. As SMEs navigate the path to digitalisation, this study may be helpful to investors, owners, researchers, policymakers, and any individuals interested in knowing more about the progress of EC adoption among Malaysian SMEs.