bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-Component Rare-Earth Fluoride Materials with Negative Thermal Expansion Based on a Phase Transition-Type Mechanism in 50 RF3-R’F3 (R = La-Lu) Systems
Authors: Sobolev Boris P. , Sulyanova Elena A.
Published: September 2023

The formation of materials with negative thermal expansion (NTE) based on a phase transition-type mechanism (NTE-II) in 50 T–x (temperature–composition) RF3-R’F3 (R = La-Lu) systems out of 105 possible is predicted. The components of these systems are “mother” RF3 compounds (R = Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd) with polymorphic transformations (PolTrs), which occur during heating between the main structural types of RF3: β-(β-YF3) → t-(mineral tysonite LaF3). The PolTr is characterized by a density anomaly: the formula volume (Vform) of the low-temperature modification (Vβ-) is higher than that of the high-temperature modification (Vt-) by a giant value (up to 4.7%). In RF3-R’F3 systems, isomorphic substitutions chemically modify RF3 by forming R1−xR’xF3 solid solutions (ss) based on both modifications. A two-phase composite (β-ss + t-ss) is a two-component NTE-II material with adjustable parameters. The prospects of using the material are estimated using the parameter of the average volume change (ΔV/Vav). The Vav at a fixed gross composition of a system is determined by the β-ss and t-ss decay (synthesis) curves and the temperature T. The regulation of ΔV/Vav is achieved by changing T within a “window ΔT”. The available ΔT values are determined using phase diagrams. A chemical classification (ChCl) translates the search for NTE-II materials from 15 RF3 into an array of 105 RF3-R’F3 systems. Phase diagrams are divided into 10 types of systems (TypeSs), in four of which NTE-II materials are formed. The tables of the systems that comprise these TypeSs are presented. The position of Ttrans of the PolTr on the T scale for a short quasi-system (QS) “from PmF3 to TbF3” determines the interval of the ΔTtrans offset achievable in the RF3-R’F3 systems: from −148 to 1186 ± 10 °C. NTE-II fluoride materials exceed known NTE-II materials by almost three times in this parameter. Equilibrium in RF3-R’F3 systems is established quickly. The number of qualitatively different two-component fluoride materials with the giant NTE-II can be increased by more than ten times compared to RF3 with NTE-II.
Quantum Electrodynamics Coherence and Hormesis: Foundations of Quantum Biology
Authors: Madl Pierre , Renati Paolo
Published: September 2023

Background: “Quantum biology” (QB) is a promising theoretical approach addressing questions about how living systems are able to unfold dynamics that cannot be solved on a chemical basis or seem to violate some fundamental laws (e.g., thermodynamic yield, morphogenesis, adaptation, autopoiesis, memory, teleology, biosemiotics). Current “quantum” approaches in biology are still very basic and “corpuscular”, as these rely on a semi-classical and approximated view. We review important considerations of theory and experiments of the recent past in the field of condensed matter, water, physics of living systems, and biochemistry to join them by creating a consistent picture applicable for life sciences. Within quantum field theory (QFT), the field (also in the matter field) has the primacy whereby the particle, or “quantum”, is a derivative of it. The phase of the oscillation and not the number of quanta is the most important observable of the system. Thermodynamics of open systems, symmetry breaking, fractals, and quantum electrodynamics (QED) provide a consistent picture of condensed matter, liquid water, and living matter. Coherence, resonance-driven biochemistry, and ion cyclotron resonance (Liboff–Zhadin effect) emerge as crucial hormetic phenomena. We offer a paradigmatic approach when dealing with living systems in order to enrich and ultimately better understand the implications of current research activities in the field of life sciences.
Reduced Sphingosine in Cystic Fibrosis Increases Susceptibility to Mycobacterium abscessus Infections
Authors: Schnitker Fabian , Liu Yongjie , Keitsch Simone , Soddemann Matthias , Verhasselt Hedda Luise , Kehrmann Jan , Grassmé Heike , Kamler Markus , Gulbins Erich , Wu Yuqing
Published: September 2023

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and often leads to pulmonary infections caused by various pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and nontuberculous mycobacteria, particularly Mycobacterium abscessus. Unfortunately, M. abscessus infections are increasing in prevalence and are associated with the rapid deterioration of CF patients. The treatment options for M. abscessus infections are limited, requiring the urgent need to comprehend infectious pathogenesis and develop new therapeutic interventions targeting affected CF patients. Here, we show that the deficiency of CFTR reduces sphingosine levels in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages from CF mice and humans. Decreased sphingosine contributes to the susceptibility of CF tissues to M. abscessus infection, resulting in a higher incidence of infections in CF mice. Notably, treatment of M. abscessus with sphingosine demonstrated potent bactericidal activity against the pathogen. Most importantly, restoration of sphingosine levels in CF cells, whether human or mouse, and in the lungs of CF mice, provided protection against M. abscessus infections. Our findings demonstrate that pulmonary sphingosine levels are important in controlling M. abscessus infection. These results offer a promising therapeutic avenue for CF patients with pulmonary M. abscessus infections.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Ten-Biomarker Risk Classifier for Survival Evaluation in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and TRPM2: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang Minghai , Wang Yingjie , Xu Shilin , Huang Shan , Wu Meixuan , Chen Guangquan , Wang Yu
Published: September 2023

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignant tumor. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the malignant behaviors of several tumors. In this study, we established a risk classifier based on 10 differentially expressed genes related to ER stress to evaluate the prognosis of patients and help to develop novel medical decision-making for EOC cases. A total of 378 EOC cases with transcriptome data from the TCGA-OV public dataset were included. Cox regression analysis was used to establish a risk classifier based on 10 ER stress-related genes (ERGs). Then, through a variety of statistical methods, including survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methods, the prediction ability of the proposed classifier was tested and verified. Similar results were confirmed in the GEO cohort. In the immunoassay, the different subgroups showed different penetration levels of immune cells. Finally, we conducted loss-of-function experiments to silence TRPM2 in the human EOC cell line. We created a 10-ERG risk classifier that displays a powerful capability of survival evaluation for EOC cases, and TRPM2 could be a potential therapeutic target of ovarian cancer cells.
Rhamnolipid 89 Biosurfactant Is Effective against Streptococcus oralis Biofilm and Preserves Osteoblast Behavior: Perspectives in Dental Implantology
Authors: Tambone Erica , Ceresa Chiara , Marchetti Alice , Chiera Silvia , Anesi Adriano , Nollo Giandomenico , Caola Iole , Bosetti Michela , Fracchia Letizia , Ghensi Paolo , Tessarolo Francesco
Published: September 2023

Biofilm-related peri-implant diseases represent the major complication for osteointegrated dental implants, requiring complex treatments or implant removal. Microbial biosurfactants emerged as new antibiofilm coating agents for implantable devices thanks to their high biocompatibility. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the rhamnolipid 89 biosurfactant (R89BS) in limiting Streptococcus oralis biofilm formation and dislodging sessile cells from medical grade titanium, but preserving adhesion and proliferation of human osteoblasts. The inhibitory activity of a R89BS coating on S. oralis biofilm formation was assayed by quantifying biofilm biomass and microbial cells on titanium discs incubated up to 72 h. R89BS dispersal activity was addressed by measuring residual biomass of pre-formed biofilms after rhamnolipid treatment up to 24 h. Adhesion and proliferation of human primary osteoblasts on R89BS-coated titanium were evaluated by cell count and adenosine-triphosphate quantification, while cell differentiation was studied by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity and observing mineral deposition. Results showed that R89BS coating inhibited S. oralis biofilm formation by 80% at 72 h and dislodged 63–86% of pre-formed biofilms in 24 h according to concentration. No change in the adhesion of human osteoblasts was observed, whereas proliferation was reduced accompanied by an increase in cell differentiation. R89BS effectively counteracts S. oralis biofilm formation on titanium and preserves overall osteoblasts behavior representing a promising preventive strategy against biofilm-related peri-implant diseases.
Photochemical Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Influence of Metal Salt Concentration on Size and Distribution
Authors: M. Aldebasi Shahad , Tar Haja , S. Alnafisah Abrar , Beji Lotfi , Kouki Noura , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Alminderej Fahad M. , Aroua Lotfi M. , Lalevée Jacques
Published: September 2023

This paper explores the photochemical synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, specifically gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles, using a one-component photoinitiator system. The synthesis process involves visible light irradiation at a wavelength of 419 nm and an intensity of 250 mW/cm2. The radical-generating capabilities of the photoinitiators were evaluated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The main objective of this study was to investigate how the concentration of metal salts influences the size and distribution of the nanoparticles. Proposed mechanisms for the photochemical formation of nanoparticles through photoinitiated radicals were validated using cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the concentration of AgNO3 significantly impacted the size of silver nanoparticles, with diameters ranging from 1 to 5 nm at 1 wt% and 3 wt% concentrations, while increasing the concentration to 5 wt% led to an increase in the diameter of silver nanoparticles to 16 nm. When HAuCl4 was used instead of AgNO3, it was found that the average diameters of gold nanoparticles synthesized using both photoinitiators at different concentrations ranged between 1 and 4 nm. The findings suggest that variations in HAuCl4 concentration have minimal impact on the size of gold nanoparticles. The photoproduction of AuNPs was shown to be thermodynamically favorable, with the reduction of HAuCl4 to Au0 having ∆G values of approximately −3.51 and −2.96 eV for photoinitiators A and B, respectively. Furthermore, the photoreduction of Ag+1 to Ag0 was demonstrated to be thermodynamically feasible, with ∆G values of approximately −3.459 and −2.91 eV for photoinitiators A and B, respectively, confirming the effectiveness of the new photoinitiators on the production of nanoparticles. The synthesis of nanoparticles was monitored using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and their sizes were determined through particle size analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Zeolite A from Metakaolinite for CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Oliveira Marilia R. , Cecilia Juan A. , Ballesteros-Plata Daniel , Barroso-Martín Isabel , Núñez Pedro , Infantes-Molina Antonia , Rodríguez-Castellón Enrique
Published: September 2023

The global demand for energy and industrial growth has generated an exponential use of fossil fuels in recent years. It is well known that carbon dioxide (CO2) is mainly produced, but not only from fuels, which has a negative impact on the environment, such as the increasing emission of greenhouse gases. Thus, thinking about reducing this problem, this study analyzes microwave irradiation as an alternative to conventional heating to optimize zeolite A synthesis conditions for CO2 capture. Synthesis reaction parameters such as different temperatures (60–150 °C) and different time durations (1–6 h) were evaluated. The CO2 adsorption capacity was evaluated by CO2 adsorption–desorption isotherms at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the synthesis of zeolite A by microwave irradiation was successfully obtained from natural kaolinite (via metakaolinization), reducing both temperature and time. Adsorption isotherms show that the most promising adsorbent for CO2 capture is a zeolite synthesized at 100 °C for 4 h, which reached an adsorption capacity of 2.2 mmol/g.
Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of ZnO-Modified Hematite Films in the Reaction of Alcohol Degradation
Authors: Grinberg Vitali A. , Emets Victor V. , Mayorova Natalia A. , Averin Aleksey A. , Shiryaev Andrei A.
Published: September 2023

Thin-film nanocrystalline hematite electrodes were fabricated by electrochemical deposition and loaded with electrodeposited zinc oxide in various amounts. Under visible light illumination, these electrodes demonstrate high activity in the photoelectrochemical degradation of methanol, ethylene glycol and, in particular, glycerol. Results of intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy show that the photoelectrocatalysis efficiency is explained by the suppression of the electron–hole pair recombination and an increase in the rate of photo-induced charge transfer. Thus, zinc oxide can be considered an effective modifying additive for hematite photoanodes.
Characteristics of Shisa Family Genes in Zebrafish
Authors: Liu Yansong , Du Na , Qian Beibei , Zou Congcong , Yu Zhouxin , Xu Fei , Wang Lijuan , Qin Sishi , You Feng , Tan Xungang
Published: September 2023

Shisa represents a type of single-transmembrane adaptor protein containing an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain and a proline-rich C-terminal region. Nine shisa subfamily genes have been proposed in most vertebrates; however, some might be species-specific. The number of shisa genes present in zebrafish remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the evolutionary relationships among shisa family genes in zebrafish (TU strain) using phylogenetic and syntenic analyses. The function of shisa-2 was preliminarily examined via CRISPR/Cas13d-mediated knockdown. Following identification in zebrafish, 10 shisa family genes, namely shisa-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9a, and 9b, were classified into three main clades and six subclades. Their encoding proteins contained a cysteine-rich N-terminal domain and a proline-rich C-terminal region containing different motifs. A specific syntenic block containing atp8a2 and shisa-2 was observed to be conserved across all species. Furthermore, all these genes were expressed during embryogenesis. Shisa-2 was expressed in the presomitic mesoderm, somites, and so on. Shisa-2 was identified as a regulator of the expression of the somite formation marker mesp-ab. Overall, our study provides new insights into the evolution of shisa family genes and the control of shisa-2 over the convergent extension cells of somitic precursors in zebrafish.
The Antitumor Effect of the DNA Polymerase Alpha Inhibitor ST1926 in Glioblastoma: A Proteomics Approach
Authors: El-Baba Chirine , Ayache Zeinab , Goli Mona , Hayar Berthe , Kawtharani Zeinab , Pisano Claudio , Kobeissy Firas , Mechref Yehia , Darwiche Nadine
Published: September 2023

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of malignant brain tumor. The median survival rate does not exceed two years, indicating an imminent need to develop novel therapies. The atypical adamantyl retinoid ST1926 induces apoptosis and growth inhibition in different cancer types. We have shown that ST1926 is an inhibitor of the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase alpha (POLA1), which is involved in initiating DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells. POLA1 levels are elevated in GBM versus normal brain tissues. Therefore, we studied the antitumor effects of ST1926 in several human GBM cell lines. We further explored the global protein expression profiles in GBM cell lines using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to identify new targets of ST1926. Low sub-micromolar concentrations of ST1926 potently decreased cell viability, induced cell damage and apoptosis, and reduced POLA1 protein levels in GBM cells. The proteomics profiles revealed 197 proteins significantly differentially altered upon ST1926 treatment of GBM cells involved in various cellular processes. We explored the differential gene and protein expression of significantly altered proteins in GBM compared to normal brain tissues.
Objective Physical Function in the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum: Association with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in the ALBION Study
Authors: Sampatakakis Stefanos N. , Mamalaki Eirini , Ntanasi Eva , Kalligerou Faidra , Liampas Ioannis , Yannakoulia Mary , Gargalionis Antonios N. , Scarmeas Nikolaos
Published: September 2023

Cognitive and physical decline, both indicators of aging, seem to be associated with each other. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether physical function parameters (walking time and handgrip strength) are related to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (amyloid-beta Aβ42, Tau, PhTau) in individuals in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. The sample was drawn from the Aiginition Longitudinal Biomarker Investigation of Neurodegeneration study, comprising 163 individuals aged 40–75 years: 112 cognitively normal (CN) and 51 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Physical function parameters were measured at baseline, a lumbar puncture was performed the same day and CSF biomarkers were analyzed using automated methods. The association between walking time, handgrip strength and CSF biomarkers was evaluated by linear correlation, followed by multivariate linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education and APOEe4 genotype. Walking time was inversely related to CSF Aβ42 (lower CSF values correspond to increased brain deposition) in all participants (p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that this association was stronger in individuals with MCI and participants older than 60 years old, a result which remained statistically significant after adjustment for the aforementioned confounding factors. These findings may open new perspectives regarding the role of mobility in the AD continuum.
Anti-Amnesia-like Effect of Pinus densiflora Extract by Improving Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation on Trimethyltin-Induced ICR Mice
Authors: Go Min Ji , Kim Jong Min , Lee Hyo Lim , Kim Tae Yoon , Joo Seung Gyum , Kim Ju Hui , Lee Han Su , Kim Dae-Ok , Heo Ho Jin
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-amnestic property of Korean red pine bark extract (KRPBE) on TMT-induced cognitive decline in ICR mice. As a result of looking at behavioral function, the consumption of KRPBE improved the spatial work ability, short-term learning, and memory ability by Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. KRPBE suppressed antioxidant system damage by assessing the SOD activity, reduced GSH content, and MDA levels in brain tissue. In addition, it had a protective effect on cholinergic and synaptic systems by regulating ACh levels, AChE activity, and protein expression levels of ChAT, AChE, SYP, and PSD-95. Also, the KRPBE ameliorated TMT-induced mitochondrial damage by regulating the ROS content, MMP, and ATP levels. Treatment with KRPBE suppressed Aβ accumulation and phosphorylation of tau and reduced the expression level of BAX/BCl-2 ratio and caspase 3, improving oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with KRPBE improved cognitive dysfunction by regulating the neuro-inflammatory protein expression levels of p-JNK, p-Akt, p-IκB-α, COX-2, and IL-1β. Based on these results, the extract of Korean red pine bark, which is discarded as a byproduct of forestry, might be used as an eco-friendly material for functional foods or pharmaceuticals by having an anti-amnesia effect on cognitive impairment.
Integrating the Soil Microbiota and Metabolome Reveals the Mechanism through Which Controlled Release Fertilizer Affects Sugarcane Growth
Authors: Yuan Zhaonian , Liu Qiang , Mo Lifang , Pang Ziqin , Hu Chaohua
Published: September 2023

Root−soil underground interactions mediated by soil microorganisms and metabolites are crucial for fertilizer utilization efficiency and crop growth regulation. This study employed a combined approach of soil microbial community profiling and non-targeted metabolomics to investigate the patterns of root-associated microbial aggregation and the mechanisms associated with metabolites under varying controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) application rates. The experimental treatments included five field application rates of CRF (D1: 675 kg/ha; D15: 1012.5 kg/ha; D2: 1350 kg/ha; D25: 1687.5 kg/ha; and D3: 2025 kg/ha) along with traditional fertilizer as a control (CK: 1687.5 kg/ha). The results indicated that the growth of sugarcane in the field was significantly influenced by the CRF application rate (p < 0.05). Compared with CK, the optimal field application of CRF was observed at D25, resulting in a 16.3% to 53.6% increase in sugarcane yield. Under the condition of reducing fertilizer application by 20%, D2 showed a 13.3% increase in stem yield and a 6.7% increase in sugar production. The bacterial ACE index exhibited significant differences between D25 and D1, while the Chao1 index showed significance among the D25, D1, and CK treatments. The dominant bacterial phyla in sugarcane rhizosphere aggregation included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota. Fungal phyla comprised Rozellomycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota. The annotated metabolic pathways encompassed biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Differential analysis and random forest selection identified distinctive biomarkers including Leotiomycetes, Cercospora, Anaeromyxobacter, isoleucyl-proline, and methylmalonic acid. Redundancy analysis unveiled soil pH, soil organic carbon, and available nitrogen as the primary drivers of microbial communities, while the metabolic profiles were notably influenced by the available potassium and phosphorus. The correlation heatmaps illustrated potential microbial−metabolite regulatory mechanisms under CRF application conditions. These findings underscore the significant potential of CRF in sugarcane field production, laying a theoretical foundation for sustainable development in the sugarcane industry.
Exploring the Confluence of IoT and Metaverse: Future Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Asif Rameez , Hassan Syed Raheel
Published: September 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) and the metaverse are two rapidly evolving technologies that have the potential to shape the future of our digital world. IoT refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other objects that are connected to the internet and capable of collecting and sharing data. The metaverse, on the other hand, is a virtual world where users can interact with each other and digital objects in real time. In this research paper, we aim to explore the intersection of the IoT and metaverse and the opportunities and challenges that arise from their convergence. We will examine how IoT devices can be integrated into the metaverse to create new and immersive experiences for users. We will also analyse the potential use cases and applications of this technology in various industries such as healthcare, education, and entertainment. Additionally, we will discuss the privacy, security, and ethical concerns that arise from the use of IoT devices in the metaverse. A survey is conducted through a combination of a literature review and a case study analysis. This review will provide insights into the potential impact of IoT and metaverse on society and inform the development of future technologies in this field.
Semaglutide Treatment of Excessive Body Weight in Obese PCOS Patients Unresponsive to Lifestyle Programs
Authors: Carmina Enrico , Longo Rosa Alba
Published: September 2023

In spite of the widespread use of lifestyle modifications programs, many patients with PCOS are obese and prevalence of obesity in PCOS remains high. In this study, we present the data on the use of semaglutide, an incretin mimetic drug, in obese PCOS patients who were unresponsive to a lifestyle modification program. Twenty-seven obese patients with a diagnosis of PCOS, who did not reduce their body weight by a lifestyle modification program, were included in this study and treated by semaglutide, 0.5 mg subcutaneously once a week. After three months of treatment, an improvement in body weight with a mean decrease in body weight of 7.6 kg and a mean BMI loss of 3.1 was observed, while very few side effects were reported. Almost 80% of the studied obese PCOS patients obtained at least a 5% decrease in their body weight. Only a few patients (22%) obtained a decrease in body weight lower than 5% and were considered non-responsive to semaglutide, at least at the used doses. These patients presented a more severe obesity than responsive patients. Independently of results on body weight, and in patients who did not obtain a 5% decrease in their body weight, insulin basal values decreased, and HOMA-IR improved. Fasting blood glucose normalized in 80% of semaglutide-treated IFG PCOS women. In patients who were responsive to semaglutide (weight loss > 5%), the treatment was continued for additional three months. Weight loss slowed but continued and, at the end of the six months of therapy, the mean body weight loss was 11.5 kg and mean BMI reduced from 34.4 to 29.4. A total of 80% of responsive patients normalized menstrual cycles. In conclusion, treatment with semaglutide, at low doses, significantly reduces body weight in almost 80% of obese PCOS patients who were unresponsive to a previous lifestyle plan. It is often associated with the normalization of menstrual cycles, and these important results are obtained with very few side effects.
Clinical Performance of the Gore Septal Occluder in Patent Foramen Ovale Closure in Different Septal Anatomies: 1-Year Results from a Single-Center Experience
Authors: Verolino Giuseppe , Calderone Dario , Gavazzoni Mara , Sala Davide , Sganzerla Paolo
Published: September 2023

Background: PFO (Patent foramen ovale) is a common defect that affects about 25% of the population. Although its presence is asymptomatic in the majority of the cases, the remaining part becomes overt with different symptoms, including cryptogenic stroke. PFO closure is currently a widely available procedure in complex anatomy, with Amplatzer PFO Occluder (APO) being the most commonly used tool. However, the performance of another device, the GORE Septal Occluder (GSO), has not been completely explored with regard to different septal anatomies. Methods: From March 2012 to June 2020, 118 consecutive patients with an indication of PFO closure were treated using the GSO system, included in a prospective analysis, and followed. After 12 months, every patient underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasound to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Results: Of 111 patients evaluated, 107 showed effective PFO closure (96.4%), and 4 showed a residual shunt (3.6%). To better evaluate the device performance, the overall population was sorted into two clusters based on the echocardiographic characteristics. The main difference between groups was for PFO width (4.85 ± 1.8 vs. 2.9 ± 1 mm, p < 0.001) and PFO tunnel length (12.6 ± 3.8 vs. 7.2 ± 2, p < 0.001), allowing complex and simple anatomies to be identified, respectively. Regardless of the aforementioned cluster, the GSO performance required to reach an effective closure was independent of anatomy type and the chosen device size. Conclusion: The GSO device showed a high closure rate at 1-year follow-up in patients, with at least one anatomical factor of complexity of PFO irrespective of the level of complexity itself.
Research Progress of Natural Products and Their Derivatives in Marine Antifouling
Authors: Zhao Wenwen , Wu Zhiqiang , Liu Yanming , Dai Pan , Hai Guojuan , Liu Feng , Shang Yu , Cao Zhongyue , Yang Wufang
Published: September 2023

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, it is necessary to develop natural product extracts as antifouling (AF) agents for alternatives to toxic biocides or metal-based AF paints to control biofouling. This paper briefly summarizes the latest developments in the natural product extracts and their derivatives or analogues from marine microorganisms to terrestrial plants as AF agents in the last five years. Moreover, this paper discusses the structures–activity relationship of these AF compounds and expands their AF mechanisms. Inspired by the molecular structure of natural products, some derivatives or analogues of natural product extracts and some novel strategies for improving the AF activity of protective coatings have been proposed as guidance for the development of a new generation of environmentally friendly AF agents.
Improvement in Abrasive Wear Resistance of Metal Matrix Composites Used for Diamond–Impregnated Tools by Heat Treatment
Authors: Cygan-Bączek Elżbieta , Cygan Sławomir , Wyżga Piotr , Novák Pavel , Lapčák Ladislav , Romański Andrzej
Published: September 2023

This work presents the possibilities of producing a substitute for a commercial matrix material for sintered metal–diamond tools which is characterized by increased tribological properties required in machining natural stones and concrete. In this study, the improvement in wear behavior of sintered pre-alloyed matrix caused by a thermal treatment was investigated. Several mixtures made of commercially available powders were homogenized by ball milling and consolidated at 900 °C using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. During cooling down, the specimens were subjected to isothermal holding at 350 or 250 °C for 1 h. After consolidation, all specimens were tested for density and hardness, whereas selected specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flexural strength tests. The specimens made of BDCM50 powder (a mixture of the base and pre-alloyed powders in 50:50 proportion) shows excellent properties including σ0.2 = 1045 MPa in the three-point bending test and HV10 ≈ 380. Resistance to abrasive wear evaluated in both three-body and two-body conditions in the MWT abrasion test was estimated at Ai3=18.1±3.9 μm/20 m and  Ai2=95.9±11.8 μm/20 m, respectively. A series of diamond-impregnated specimens (segments) was also produced and tested for wear rate on abrasive concrete. The potential graphitization of the diamond grits was investigated using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. As a reference, both the base Fe-Mn-Cu-Sn-C and commercially available Co+20%WC alloy were used to compare selected properties of the investigated materials. It has been proved that heat-treated specimens made of the base mixture modified with pre-alloyed powders are characterized by increased hardness and resistance to abrasive wear. The BDCM50 matrix has a negligible effect on diamond graphitization and shows excellent field performance, which makes it a good potential substitute for replacing Co+20%WC in sintered diamond-impregnated tools.
Properties of Padding Welds Made of CuAl2 Multiwire and CuAl7 Wire in TIG Process
Authors: Kalabis Jarosław , Kowalski Aleksander , Topolska Santina
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the influence of the Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) process on the structure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of padding welds made using the TIG method from aluminium bronzes—CuAl7 and CuAl2 (a composite bundled wire). The tested CuAl7 material was a commercial welding wire, while the CuAl2 composite was an experimental one (a prototype of the material produced in multiwire technology). The wire contains a bundle of component materials—in this case, copper in the form of a tube and aluminium in the form of rods. The padding welds were manufactured for both the CuAl7 wire and the CuAl2 multiwire. The prepared samples were subjected to the Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) process, chemical composition tests were performed, and then the samples were subjected to observations using light microscopy, Vickers hardness testing, electrical conductivity tests, and apparent density determination using Archimedes’ Principle. Tribological tests (the ‘pin on disc’ method) and neutral salt spray corrosion tests were conducted. The padding weld made of CuAl2 multifiber material subjected to the HIP process is characterized by an improvement in density of 0.01 g/cm3; a homogenization of the hardness results across the sample was also observed. The average hardness of the sample after the HIP process decreased by about 15HV, however, the standard deviation also decreased by about 8HV. The electrical conductivity of the CuAl2 welded sample increased from 16.35 MS/m to 17.49 MS/m for the CuAl2 sample after the HIP process. As a result of this process, a visible increase in electrical conductivity was observed in the case of the wall made of the CuAl2 multiwire—an increase of 1.14 MS/m.
Modelling of Chloride Transport in the Standard Migration Test including Electrode Processes
Authors: Kribes Zine-Eddine , Cherif Rachid , Aït-Mokhtar Abdelkarim
Published: September 2023

The modelling of chloride transport in concrete under an electrical field requires taking into account the electrode processes. These processes are very rarely introduced into the literature, despite their impact on chloride migration and the electroneutrality of the pore solution of the material. This paper aims to propose a multi-ion model for chloride migration that takes into consideration the electrode processes. The model is applied to simulate the standard chloride migration test. The generation of OH− in the cathode and H+ in the anode allows for the monitoring of the electroneutrality. The model considers all of the ions in the pore solution. Ion fluxes are calculated using the Nernst–Planck equation. The Langmuir model is used to simulate the chloride isotherms. The thermodynamic equilibrium in the material is considered, which reflects the ion–solid interactions during the migration. Measurements of water porosity and the chemical composition of the pore solution are essential to provide input data and the initial and boundary conditions. The numerical results of the ion profiles in the material studied confirm the electroneutrality at any point within the material, in contrast with models that do not take the electrode processes into account. The proposed model allows for the more accurate simulation of the chloride migration test and electrochemical chloride extraction in reinforced concrete structures subjected to NaCl as part of maintenance and repair strategies.
Adhesion Properties of Recycled High-Viscosity Asphalt–Aggregate Interface under Dynamic Water Erosion
Authors: Zhao Kang , Song Shijie , Wei Yang , Li Guofen , Guo Feng
Published: September 2023

The drainage of asphalt pavement requires the use of a large amount of high-viscosity-modified asphalt, which faces the service environment under dynamic water erosion. The feasibility of recycling high-viscosity-modified asphalt should be investigated to facilitate sustainable infrastructure construction. This study used ultrasonic equipment to simulate dynamic water erosion test conditions and tested the adhesion performance of different types of recycled high-viscosity asphalt at various environmental temperatures. The adhesion energy index and microstructure of recycled high-viscosity asphalt were analyzed using the contact angle test and AFM test. The results demonstrate that the higher the environmental temperature, the worse the anti-stripping performance of recycled high-viscosity asphalt. From the perspective of adhesion performance indicators, a 6% recycling agent dosage is more conducive to restoring the performance of aged high-viscosity -modified asphalt. The AFM test showed that the microstructure of high-viscosity -modified asphalt represented significant changes with an increase in the recycling agent content, and the change in the adhesion force of recycled high-viscosity -modified asphalt was consistent with the results of macroscopic adhesion performance tests. This study illustrates the applicability of implementing regeneration technology for the recycling of aged drainage asphalt pavement.
Effect of Carbonation Treatment on the Strength and CO2 Uptake Rate of Composite Cementitious Material with a High Steel Slag Powder Content
Authors: He Zhimin , Shao Xuyang , Chen Xin
Published: September 2023

As a major steel producer, China is now eager to develop feasible solutions to recycle and reuse steel slag. However, due to the relatively poor hydration activity of steel slag, the quantity of steel slag used as a supplemental binder material is limited. In order to improve the cementitious properties of steel slag, the strength and carbonation degree of the high-content steel slag powder–cement–metakaolin composite cementitious material system under CO2 curing conditions were investigated. The compressive strengths of the mortar specimens were tested and compared. The carbonation areas were identified and evaluated. A microscopic analysis was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to reveal the chemical mechanisms. The results showed that CO2 curing significantly increased the early strength as the 3D compressive strength of the specimens increased by 47.2% after CO2 curing. The strength of the specimens increased with increasing amounts of metakaolin in a low water-to-binder ratio mixture. The 3D compressive strength of the specimens prepared with 15% metakaolin at a 0.2 water-to-binder ratio achieved 44.2 MPa after CO2 curing. Increasing the water-to-binder ratio from 0.2 to 0.5 and the metakaolin incorporation from 0% to 15% resulted in a 25.33% and 19.9% increase in the carbonation area, respectively. The calcium carbonate crystals that formed during carbonation filled the pores and reduced the porosity, thereby enhancing the strength of the mortar specimens. The soundness of the specimens after CO2 curing was qualified. The results obtained in the present study provide new insight for the improvement of the hydration reactivity and cementitious properties of steel slag powder.
Characterisation of 20th Century Cementitious Materials from Selected Cultural Heritage Structures in Slovenia
Authors: Golež Mateja , Serjun Vesna Zalar , Štefančič Mateja , Rant Darja , Dolenec Sabina
Published: September 2023

This paper deals with the characterisation of cementitious materials from selected cultural heritage structures in Slovenia. The mineralogical–petrographic compositions of an aggregate, a type of binder and secondary minerals were studied via electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The porosity and pore network were determined using a mercury porosimeter. The results show that the aggregate of the samples was highly diverse, ranging from limestone, dolomite, quartz, feldspar and mica. The binder of the investigated samples was cementitious; either ordinary Portland cement was used, or ordinary Portland cement blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag was used. Some samples consisted of cement–lime binders. The investigated examples entailing cement materials for their construction contribute to a better understanding of the technology used to prepare historical cementitious and cement–lime mixtures.
Automatic Genre Identification for Robust Enrichment of Massive Text Collections: Investigation of Classification Methods in the Era of Large Language Models
Authors: Kuzman Taja , Mozetič Igor , Ljubešić Nikola
Published: September 2023

Massive text collections are the backbone of large language models, the main ingredient of the current significant progress in artificial intelligence. However, as these collections are mostly collected using automatic methods, researchers have few insights into what types of texts they consist of. Automatic genre identification is a text classification task that enriches texts with genre labels, such as promotional and legal, providing meaningful insights into the composition of these large text collections. In this paper, we evaluate machine learning approaches for the genre identification task based on their generalizability across different datasets to assess which model is the most suitable for the downstream task of enriching large web corpora with genre information. We train and test multiple fine-tuned BERT-like Transformer-based models and show that merging different genre-annotated datasets yields superior results. Moreover, we explore the zero-shot capabilities of large GPT Transformer models in this task and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the zero-shot approach. We also publish the best-performing fine-tuned model that enables automatic genre annotation in multiple languages. In addition, to promote further research in this area, we plan to share, upon request, a new benchmark for automatic genre annotation, ensuring the non-exposure of the latest large language models.
CT Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Plaque Psoriasis: A Retrospective Case Series Study
Authors: Rizzetto Giulio , Tagliati Corrado , Fogante Marco , Marcucci Matteo , Argalia Giulio , Lanni Giuseppe , Rebonato Alberto , Giuseppetti Gian Marco , Esposito Roberto , Molinelli Elisa , De Simoni Edoardo , Offidani Annamaria , Simonetti Oriana
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: Recently published articles reported an association between psoriasis and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences in ILD computed tomography (CT) patterns between smoker and never smoker plaque psoriasis (PP) patients under topical treatment without psoriatic arthritis (PA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Matherials and Methods: Two radiologists evaluated chest CT examinations of 65 patients (33 smokers, 32 never smokers) with PP. Results: Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern was diagnosed in 36 patients, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern in 19, hypersensitivity pneumonitis in 7 and pleuropulmonary fibroelastosis (PPFE) in 3 patients. UIP pattern showed a statistically significant higher frequency in smoker patients (p = 0.0351). Respiratory symptoms were reported in 80% of patients. Conclusions: ILDs seems to represent a new comorbidity associated with psoriasis. Moreover, a statistically significant association between smokers and UIP pattern in PP patients is found. Respiratory symptoms should be evaluated in PP patients, in collaboration with a radiologist and a pneumologist. However, further studies are required to better understand the epidemiology of ILDs in PP patients.
Screening of Commercial Organic Solvent Nanofiltration Membranes for Purification of Plastic Waste Pyrolysis Liquids
Authors: van Lin Rick , Sosa Fernandez Paulina A. , Visser Tymen , de Wit Patrick
Published: September 2023

Increasing consumption rates of plastics, combined with the waste generated from their production, leads to several environmental problems. Presently, plastic recycling takes account of only about 10% of the plastic waste, which is achieved mainly through mechanical recycling. Chemical recycling methods, such as pyrolysis, could significantly increase overall recycling rates and reduce the need for the production of fossil-based chemicals. Produced pyrolysis oil can be used for the production of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) through catalytic upgrading or for the production of alkanes if used directly. Separation of high-value components in pyrolysis oil derived from plastic waste through traditional separation methods can be energy intensive. Organic solvent nanofiltration has been recognised as an alternative with very low energy consumption, as separation is not based on a phase transition. This work focuses on the screening of several (semi-) commercially available membranes using a simplified model mixture of pyrolysis oil obtained from plastics. Based on membrane performance, a selection of membranes was used to treat a feedstock obtained from the direct pyrolysis of plastics. This work shows that currently, commercial OSN membranes have promising separation performance on model mixtures while showing insufficient and non-selective separation at very low flux for complex mixtures derived from the pyrolysis of plastics. This indicates that OSN is indeed a promising technology but that membranes should likely be tailored to this specific application.
Clinical Significance of Erythroferrone and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 in Patients with Anemia in the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Woźniak Małgorzata , Borkowska Anna , Jastrzębska Marta , Sochal Marcin , Małecka-Wojciesko Ewa , Talar-Wojnarowska Renata
Published: September 2023

In recent years, a steady increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been observed with anemia as their most common extraintestinal symptom. Erythroferrone and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 (BMP-6) are recently identified cytokines involved in the process of increased erythropoiesis in anemia of various pathomechanisms. The aim of this study was to analyze the concentration of erythroferrone and BMP-6 in IBD patients in relation to clinical and laboratory data. The study comprised 148 patients: 118 with IBD, including 73 (61.85%) diagnosed with anemia (42 with Crohn’s disease (CD) (66.7%) and 31 (56.4%) with ulcerative colitis (UC)) and 30 as a control group. The erythroferrone concentration was significantly higher in IBD patients with anemia (p = 0.009) and higher in UC patients both with and without anemia (p = 0.018), compared to the control group. In CD, no similar difference was observed between patients with and without anemia. Regarding BMP-6, higher levels were found in CD patients with anemia compared to the control group (p = 0.021). The positive correlation between BMP-6 and iron concentration in UC was also noticed. In conclusion, we confirm an increase in erythroferrone concentration in the entire group of IBD patients with anemia, while BMP-6 levels were higher only in anemic CD patients. Due to the clinical importance of anemia in IBD, this problem is worth further analysis and research projects.
Jasmonates Coordinate Secondary with Primary Metabolism
Authors: Luo Chen , Qiu Jianfang , Zhang Yu , Li Mengya , Liu Pei
Published: September 2023

Jasmonates (JAs), including jasmonic acid (JA), its precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and its derivatives jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), cis-jasmone (CJ) and other oxylipins, are important in the regulation of a range of ecological interactions of plants with their abiotic and particularly their biotic environments. Plant secondary/specialized metabolites play critical roles in implementing these ecological functions of JAs. Pathway and transcriptional regulation analyses have established a central role of JA-Ile-mediated core signaling in promoting the biosynthesis of a great diversity of secondary metabolites. Here, we summarized the advances in JAs-induced secondary metabolites, particularly in secondary metabolites induced by OPDA and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) induced by CJ through signaling independent of JA-Ile. The roles of JAs in integrating and coordinating the primary and secondary metabolism, thereby orchestrating plant growth–defense tradeoffs, were highlighted and discussed. Finally, we provided perspectives on the improvement of the adaptability and resilience of plants to changing environments and the production of valuable phytochemicals by exploiting JAs-regulated secondary metabolites.
Self-Assembly of Atomically Precise Nanoclusters: From Irregular Assembly to Crystalline Assembly
Authors: Antoine Rodolphe
Published: September 2023

The persistent efforts toward achieving superior properties for assembled nanoscale particles have been held back due to the resulting polydispersity associated with colloidal routes of synthesis [...]