bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis resistance of senescent human fibroblasts is correlated with the absence of nuclear IGFBP‐3
Authors: Hampel Barbara , Wagner Mechthild , Teis David , Zwerschke Werner , Huber Lukas A. , Jansen‐Dürr Pidder
Published: November 2005

Signaling through the insulin/IGF axis plays a major role in determining the rate of aging in many species. IGF‐binding proteins (IGFBPs) modulate the IGF pathway in higher organisms. IGFBP‐3 accumulates in conditioned medium of senescent human fibroblasts, suggesting that it may contribute to the senescent phenotype. IGFBP‐3 can enhance apoptotic cell death in tumor cells due to its ability to target intracellular regulators of apoptosis, including nuclear transcription factors. Senescent fibroblasts are highly resistant to apoptosis, suggesting that IGFBP‐3 fails to induce apoptosis in this cell type; however, mechanisms of apoptosis resistance in senescent cells are poorly understood. To address this question, we studied the production and intracellular localization of IGFBP‐3 in senescent fibroblasts. Whereas IGFBP‐3 is highly overexpressed by senescent fibroblasts, IGFBP‐3 was not detectable in the nucleus of senescent fibroblasts. In tumor cells, IGFBP‐3 can be internalized by endocytosis, which is considered as a prerequisite for the intracellular functions of IGFBP‐3 and probably also for its transport to the nucleus; we show here that endocytotic uptake of IGFBP‐3 does not occur in senescent human fibroblasts. This is correlated with a generally decreased endocytotic activity of these cells, as shown with the model substrate transferrin. The data are consistent with a model where IGFBP‐3 accumulation in conditioned medium of senescent fibroblasts contributes to growth arrest of these cells, whereas the failure to endocytose IGFBP‐3 and the absence of nuclear IGFBP‐3 may contribute to the well‐established apoptosis resistance of senescent human fibroblasts.
Parenting Practices of Mothers of Children with ADHD: The Role of Maternal and Child Factors
Authors: McLaughlin Deirdre P. , Harrison Christine A.
Published: November 2005

Background:  We examined the relationships among child behavioural and demographic characteristics and parent characteristics in understanding the effectiveness of parenting practices used by mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD.

Method:  One hundred and fifty Australian mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD were interviewed and asked to assess the severity of their child's disruptive behaviour, their own parenting sense of competence, perceptions of social isolation and parenting practices. The hypothesis was that severity of child disruptive behaviour, higher child age, ‘only’ child status, lower parental sense of competence and greater social isolation would be associated with the use of less effective parenting practices.

Results:  The regression analysis indicated that the combination of these variables was significantly associated with parenting practices, accounting for 32% of the variance. Unique contributions were evident for severity of overall behavioural disturbance and parental sense of competence.

Conclusions:  Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed together with methodological limitations of the study.
Tanning and Skin Cancer
Authors: Abdulla Farah R. , Feldman Steven R. , Williford Phillip M. , Krowchuk Daniel , Kaur Mandeep
Published: November 2005

Abstract:  Skin cancer is a large and growing problem in the United States. Sun and other ultraviolet (UV) light exposures play a key role in the development of skin cancer. Pediatricians can play an important role in counseling patients and are in a position to help educate children and their families about skin cancer. The purpose of this review is to familiarize pediatricians with the magnitude of the skin cancer problem and the evidence that ultraviolet light exposure, particularly indoor tanning, contributes to this problem. We reviewed the literature on ultraviolet light and skin cancer (based on a MEDLINE search of articles using the headings “ultraviolet light” and “skin cancer”) and found that skin cancer is the most rapidly growing cause of cancer deaths in the United State. There is strong epidemiologic evidence for the relationship between UV exposure and nonmelanoma skin cancer and growing evidence for the relationship between indoor tanning and melanoma. We recommend that pediatricians counsel children and their parents about UV protection. Measures such as use of sunscreen and hats for outdoor play, both at home and in school, should be encouraged.
Children and Sun Exposure in the Northeast of Italy
Authors: Stinco Giuseppe , Favot Francesca , Quinkenstein Eva , Zanchi Malvina , Valent Francesca , Patrone Pasquale
Published: November 2005

Abstract:  Excessive, incorrect exposure to the sun at a young age can be a risk factor for skin cancer at a later age. In this study we have investigated the exposure and protection habits of a group of children to see whether there are behavioral errors that should and possibly could be corrected. We handed out a multiple‐choice questionnaire to 310 subjects, 212 boys and 98 girls between the ages of 6 and 14, all residents in the province of Udine in the northeastern part of Italy. Of these children, 24% had sunburn on several occasions; boys were four times more at risk than girls (OR = 0.4) and the frequency reduced by 30% for each skin phototype class higher. In children between 11 and 14 years of age, exposure was prolonged (43% for 2–4 hours, 38% for 4–8 hours) and 30% preferred peak hours. Eighty percent of the children, mostly girls, younger children (6–10), and the lower skin phototypes used sunscreens, but only 38% used them on a regular basis, whereas 20% applied them after sunbathing and 42% used a single daily application. Two percent of the children used sunglasses and 5% wore a T‐shirt regularly. The dermatologist and pediatrician play an important role in advising parents that the sun is good for children, but appropriate measures must be taken to reduce any risks, both immediately and in the long term.
Sweet Syndrome in Two Children
Authors: Herron Mark D. , Coffin Cheryl M. , Vanderhooft Sheryll L.
Published: November 2005

Abstract:  We report a 9‐month‐old girl and a 4‐year‐old boy with acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome). Both children were febrile, had leukocytosis, and exhibited lesions characteristic of Sweet syndrome. Both had an antecedent infection. Our evaluation and long‐term follow‐up of these children failed to reveal evidence of underlying malignancy or a chronic systemic illness typically encountered in Sweet syndrome. Of interest, the 4‐year‐old boy responded to systemic corticosteroids with remission, whereas the 9‐month‐old infant experienced flaring of the disease on successive attempts to taper the systemic corticosteroids. Systemic corticosteroid usage was associated with alteration in behavior in the 4‐year‐old and transient growth retardation in the 9‐month‐old. In both patients, the adverse effects resolved after discontinuation of the corticosteroids.
Pediatric Sweet Syndrome and Immunodeficiency Successfully Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Haliasos Elena , Soder Bradley , Rubenstein David S. , Henderson William , Morrell Dean S.
Published: November 2005

Abstract:  Painful erythematous plaques and a pathognomonic, dense, dermal infiltrate of neutrophils characterize Sweet syndrome. Although numerous instances of this disease have been reported in children, only four have had an associated immunodeficiency to date. Sweet syndrome has been traditionally treated with systemic corticosteroids despite an unknown pathogenesis. Prior reports suggest that immunodeficient children with Sweet syndrome may have a persistent course and fail to respond to standard treatment. We describe a child with debilitating Sweet syndrome and a primary immunodeficiency whose symptoms were controlled with intravenous immunoglobulin and dapsone.
Xanthoma Disseminatum with Hepatic Involvement in a Child
Authors: Büyükavcı Mustafa , Selimoglu Ayse , Yildirim Umran , Ertekin Vildan , Atasoy Mustafa
Published: November 2005

Abstract: Xanthoma disseminatum is a rare, usually self‐healing dermatologic disease of unknown etiology. Involvement of other organs and tissues including bone marrow, bone, and brain may be seen rarely in children. However, to date, hepatic involvement has not been reported. We describe a child with xanthoma disseminatum who had hepatic involvement, and discuss his course and treatment with steroid and azathioprine.
Valve Replacement Surgery in Patients With End‐stage Renal Disease: Long‐term Results
Authors: Gultekin Bahadir , Ozkan Suleyman , Uguz Emrah , Atalay Hakan , Akay Tankut , Arslan Ahmet , Sezgin Atilla , Ozdemir Nurhan , Tasdelen Atilay , Aslamaci Sait
Published: November 2005

Background:  The life expectancy of patients with chronic renal failure who are dependent on dialysis is very poor. This study was undertaken to determine time‐related outcomes in dialysis patients requiring cardiac valve replacement.

Methods:  From 1994 to 2001, 29 end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis (HD) program underwent 30 valve replacement operations: 29 received mechanical valves (97%), and one received bioprosthetic valves. The sites of valve replacement were 11 aortic (36.7%), 18 mitral (60%), and one both aortic and mitral (3.3%). Mean age was 42.46 ± 14.26 years (range 17–75 years). Follow‐up was completed in 28 patients (96.5%).

Results:  Early postoperative mortality (in the first 30 days) was 3.4% (n = 1). The overall estimated Kaplan–Meier survival was 56.7% at 36 months, 46.7% at 60 months, and 43.3% at 96 months. HD program was discontinued for two patients after renal transplantation in the follow‐up period. All patients, except the one with bioprosthesis, used warfarin sodium for anticoagulation and none of them had bleeding. One of the patients had a major cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and another one had a minor CVA at the follow‐up (6.7%).

Conclusions:  Life quality is better and life expectancy is longer after valve replacement in ESRD patients who have valvular disease. Also, longer life expectancy increases the probability for finding donors for kidney transplantation.
A Model to Estimate Potential Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Habitat Based on Studies in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana
Authors: Cho Hyun J. , Poirrier Michael A.
Published: November 2005

The depth distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) was studied in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, to develop a model to predict changes in SAV abundance from changes in environmental quality. We conducted annual line‐intercept surveys from 1997 through 2001 and monitored monthly photosynthetically active radiation at four sites with different shoreface slopes. The following relationships between SAV distribution and environmental factors were used as model parameters: (1) water clarity controls SAV colonization depth; (2) fluctuation in annual mean water level and wave mixing determines SAV minimum colonization depth; and (3) site differences in SAV areal coverage under the comparable water quality conditions are due to shoreface slope differences. These parameters expressed as mathematical components of the model are as follows: mean water clarity determines SAV colonization depth (Zmax= 2.3/Kd); mean water level and wave mixing controls SAV minimum depth (Zmin= 0.3 m); and shoreface slope angle (θ) determines the distance from Zmin to Zmax. The equation developed for the potential SAV habitat (PSAV) model is PSAV = (2.3 − 0.3 ×Kd)/(sinθ×Kd). The model was validated by comparing empirical values from the dataset to values predicted by the model. Although the model was developed to predict the PSAV in Lake Pontchartrain, it can be applied to other coastal habitats if local SAV light requirements are substituted for Lake Pontchartrain values. This model is a useful tool in selecting potential restoration sites and in predicting the extent of SAV habitat gain after restoration.
Effect of Planting Season, Bunchgrass Species, and Neighbor Control on the Success of Transplants for Grassland Restoration
Authors: Page Hillary N. , Bork Edward W.
Published: November 2005

Constraints to grassland and open forest restoration (e.g., poor seed sources, yearly variation in establishment, and the persistence of weeds) necessitate the development of innovative methods to restore bunchgrass communities. We assessed the use of two native bunchgrass transplants, Bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and Spreading needlegrass (Achnatherum richardsonii), for restoration within thinned montane forest communities of southeastern British Columbia, Canada. Fall and spring plantings were examined, either with or without glyphosate treatments to Pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens) neighbors.Calamagrostis rubescensis abundant in grassland affected by tree encroachment and may limit transplant establishment. Bunchgrass survival was positively associated (p< 0.05) with transplant size. AlthoughP. spicatasurvival was greater (p< 0.01) with fall (81%) than with spring (44%) planting, survival ofA. richardsoniiwas greater (p< 0.01) when planted in the spring (68 vs. 23%). Reduction ofC. rubescensled to a relatively small but significant increase (p< 0.05) in bunchgrass survival by 7%. The summer after planting, changes in transplant tiller number varied by bunchgrass species, planting season, and treatment of neighboringC. rubescens. Removal of neighboringC. rubescensgenerally increased the number of tillers (or reduced tiller loss) but only within fall‐plantedA. richardsoniiand spring‐plantedP. spicata. BothA. richardsoniiandP. spicatatransplants have potential for understory restoration within thinned montane forests, particularly using larger individuals, although to maximize survival, these species should be planted in the spring and fall, respectively. Reduction ofC. rubescensmay also enhance transplant survival and in some cases growth.
Restoration of Native Perennials in a California Annual Grassland after Prescribed Spring Burning and Solarization
Authors: Moyes Andrew B. , Witter Martha S. , Gamon John A.
Published: November 2005

Grasslands dominated by exotic annual grasses have replaced native perennial vegetation types in vast areas of California. Prescribed spring fires can cause a temporary replacement of exotic annual grasses by native and non‐native forbs, but generally do not lead to recovery of native perennials, especially where these have been entirely displaced for many years. Successful reintroduction of perennial species after fire depends on establishment in the postfire environment. We studied the effects of vegetation changes after an April fire on competition for soil moisture, a key factor in exotic annual grass dominance. As an alternative to fire, solarization effectively kills seeds of most plant species but with a high labor investment per area. We compared the burn to solarization in a study of establishment and growth of seeds and transplants of the native perennial grass Purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra) and coastal sage species California sagebrush (Artemisia californica). After the fire, initial seed bank and seedling densities and regular percent cover and soil moisture (0–20 cm) data were collected in burned and unburned areas. Burned areas had 96% fewer viable seeds of the dominant annual grass, Ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus), leading to replacement by forbs from the seed bank, especially non‐native Black mustard (Brassica nigra). In the early growing season, B. diandrus dominating unburned areas consistently depleted soil moisture to a greater extent between rains than forbs in burned areas. However, B. diandrus senesced early, leaving more moisture available in unburned areas after late‐season rains. Nassella pulchra and A. californica established better on plots treated with fire and/or solarization than on untreated plots. We conclude that both spring burns and solarization can produce conditions where native perennials can establish in annual grasslands. However, the relative contribution of these treatments to restoration appears to depend on the native species being reintroduced, and the long‐term success of these initial restoration experiments remains to be determined.
Dionaea muscipula (Venus Flytrap) Establishment, Release, and Response of Associated Species in Mowed Patches on the Rims of Carolina Bays
Authors: Luken James O
Published: November 2005

Carolina bays are depression wetlands of high conservation value that occur across the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is one rare carnivorous plant that grows in open habitats on the rims of Carolina bays. Without frequent burning, vegetation on bay rims becomes dominated by evergreen shrubs and Venus flytrap populations decline. This project examined the utility of mechanical mowing, soil clearing, transplanting, and seeding as an approach to restoring populations of Venus flytraps when fire is precluded. Mowing of patches on bay rims produced open sites with little ground‐layer vegetation. After two growing seasons, adult Venus flytraps transplanted to mowed patches showed high survivorship and relatively high leaf number/plant. Suppressed Venus flytraps existing on‐site quickly initiated growth in response to mowing. These volunteers and the transplants had higher flowering percentages than plants in reference populations. Seeds of Venus flytraps were scattered in mowed and cleared plots. Seedling establishment was low, but seedlings persisted into the second growing season. Mowing created suitable habitat for growth and flowering of adult Venus flytraps and facilitated establishment of two other carnivorous species, Sundew (Drosera capillaris) and Bladderwort (Utricularia subulata). But, mowing and clearing also facilitated invasion by four species of grasses and rushes; evergreen shrubs resprouted quickly after mowing. Maintaining persistent openings by mowing the rims of Carolina bays will be an ongoing challenge due to availability of potential invaders and rapid regrowth of shrubs.
Using Agent‐Based Models to Aid Reef Restoration: Enhancing Coral Cover and Topographic Complexity through the Spatial Arrangement of Coral Transplants
Authors: Sleeman Jai C , Boggs Guy S , Radford Ben C , Kendrick Gary A
Published: November 2005

High coral cover and topographic complexity are favorable qualities of a healthy coral reef. Because coral reef restoration is expensive and coral growth is naturally slow, there is a need to strategically arrange coral transplants to maximize coral cover and topographic complexity. Similarly, it is important to understand how differences in the life history characteristics of coral transplants can influence changes in the structural attributes of coral reefs. This study utilizes agent‐based computer modeling to explore the different spatial scenarios of coral transplantation using corals with contrasting r‐ and K‐selected life histories. Spatial indexes are used to compare coral cover and topographic complexity at incremental time scales, within which disturbance events are of minor importance in spatial structuring. The outcomes of the model suggest that even‐spaced grided transplanting arrangements provide the fastest increase in coral cover and three‐dimensional habitat space (topographic complexity) across large temporal scales (<30 years) for corals with r‐selected life history strategies.
Recovery of Moorland Vegetation after Aerial Spraying of Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) with Asulam
Authors: Pakeman Robin J. , Small Jim L. , Le Duc Mike G. , Marrs Rob H.
Published: November 2005

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) is a major weed of seminatural vegetation in Great Britain, as in many other countries. As a consequence, large areas have been subject to control with the intention of restoring the former vegetation. The use of aerial spraying with asulam, a narrow spectrum, carbamate herbicide, has become a common method of control. However, its long‐term efficacy has not been assessed in terms of either controlling the bracken or in producing suitable restored habitats. This study undertook such an assessment by comparing the results of a 2002 survey of the sites subject to bracken control by aerial spraying of asulam with previous (1990/1991 and 1994) surveys of the same sites. This showed that a single application of asulam was effective in eradicating bracken (<1% cover remaining) on a third of sites. However, on 10% of the sites, the bracken had regenerated completely (cover >80%) and on the remainder it was still present in patches (>20% of quadrats), often at high density. More than half the sprayed sites had seen good recovery of moorland vegetation, the target of the restoration, because they were now classified as having upland heathland vegetation within the National Vegetation Classification. Considerable amounts of bracken control are grant aided as part of agri‐environment schemes. These schemes should be adapted to encourage good practice, namely, intensive follow‐up treatment by spraying any emerging fronds, and to encourage treatment of previously sprayed areas rather than spraying of new areas in order to protect previous investment of grant aid.
Evidence‐Based Medicine and Clinical Trials in Pain Practice and Orthopedics
Authors: Gerdesmeyer Ludger , Gollwitzer Hans , Diehl Peter , Wagner Klaus
Published: November 2005

Abstract:  Medical practices should be based on scientific findings pursuant to the rules of evidence‐based medicine. Quality standards for interventional pain therapy and orthopedic clinical studies have been lacking. As a result, the efficacy of many forms of therapy is insufficiently documented, making the level of evidence low.

This article identifies common deficiencies in the conduct of clinical trials, as well as limitations in conducting randomized controlled studies. Recommendations for improvement are provided. The discussion provides the clinically active physician with interpretation aids for the evaluation of meta‐analyses, supports personal evidence‐based decisions, and reviews the most important principles for planning and conducting of experimental clinical studies. Current examples in the literature verify the implementation of these principles and present current findings in accordance with evidence‐based medicine (EBM) criteria.

In spite of an increasing emergence of EBM‐based studies, we conclude that the number of well‐designed, high quality, controlled studies conducted in accordance with the guidelines of Good Clinical Practice examining interventional pain therapy and orthopedic clinical studies remains unacceptably low.
Ethical and Epistemological Problems When Applying Evidence‐Based Medicine to Pain Management
Authors: Cahana Alex
Published: November 2005

Abstract:  Epistemology, or the theory of knowledge, is a branch in philosophy concerned with the definitions of knowledge and evidence. Although evidence‐based medicine (EBM) has a strong ethical imperative behind it, rooted in the concern to do no harm, to do one's best for one's patients, and by doing so—eliminating waste, it still harbors within it serious epistemological limits. These include methodological and ethical limits to perform randomized controlled trials, the idea of “hierarchy of evidence” which may provide conclusions well short of medical knowledge, and the unique use of a single particular theory of statistical inference which is far from consensual. In this article, we review these difficulties and suggest that EBM is at best a methodological solution to some clinical phenomena, but remains blind to mechanisms of explanation and causation needed, in order to advance our knowledge. Further research in the theory of evidence and inference, causation and correlation, clinical judgment and collective knowledge, the structure of medical theory, and the nature of clinical effectiveness are needed.
Postherpetic Neuralgia: The Never‐Ending Challenge
Authors: Niv David , Maltsman‐Tseikhin Alexander
Published: November 2005

Abstract:  Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is defined as pain that persists 1 to 3 months following the rash of herpes zoster (HZ). PHN affects about 50% of patients over 60 years of age and 15% of all HZ patients. Patients with PHN may experience two types of pain: a steady, aching, boring pain and a paroxysmal lancinating pain, usually exacerbated by contact with the involved skin.

Herpes zoster is initially a clinical diagnosis, based on the observation of a typical dermatomal distribution of rash and radicular pain. HZ is pathologically characterized by inflammatory necrosis of dorsal root ganglia, occasionally associated with evidence of neuritis, leptomeningitis, and segmental unilateral degeneration of related motor and sensory roots. Although acyclovir has been used successfully as standard therapy for varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection in the past decade, resistant strains of VZV are often recognized in immunocompromised patients. Therapy with acyclovir and the use of corticosteroids have been reported to prevent PHN in up to 60% of HZ patients.

Management of chronic pain in PHN is more problematic. The only therapy proven effective for PHN in controlled study is the use of tricyclic antidepressants, including amitriptyline and desipramine. There is good evidence of efficacy from randomized trials that gabapentin and pregabalin (new anticonvulsant drugs) are of benefit in the reduction of pain from PHN.

As alternative therapies, topical agents such as capsaicin, lidocaine or opioid analgesic treatment may give satisfactory results. Interventions with low risk, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), are appropriate. Evidence is scant for the value of surgical and procedural interventions in general, although there are numerous, small studies supporting the use of specific interventions such as nerve blocks, neurosurgical procedures, and neuroaugmentation. Although antiviral agents are appropriate for acute HZ, and the use of neural blockade and sympathetic blockade may be helpful in reducing pain in selected patients with HZ, there is little evidence that these interventions will reduce the likelihood of developing PHN.

Postherpetic neuralgia remains a difficult pain problem. This review describes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of PHN and discusses proposed mechanisms of pain generation with emphasis on the various pharmacological treatments and invasive modalities currently available.
Superior Cluneal Nerve Entrapment Eight Years after Decubitus Surgery
Authors: Akbas Mert , Yegin Arif , Karsli Bilge
Published: November 2005

Background and Objective:  Superior cluneal nerve (SCN) entrapment is one of the infrequent etiologies of low back pain (LBP), which is rarely diagnosed. Few clinical reports have been published in the literature. We present a case of severe LBP radiating to the ipsilateral buttock after decubitus surgery.

Case Report:  A 62‐year‐old man weighing 85 kg presented to the algology department, suffering from severe LBP of 6 months duration. The pain was in the right iliac crest region with radiation to the ipsilateral buttock. After admission, his history was taken, physical examination was performed, and further evaluations were made. He was suspected of having facet and right sacroiliac joint pain. Two tender points were found 6.5 and 7.5 cm to the right of the midline over the iliac crest. Local anesthetic with corticosteroid was injected at the tender points over the right iliac crest. Five minutes after the injection, the pain dissipated.

Conclusion:  SCN entrapment should be considered in patients who suffer from LBP radiating to the iliac crest and buttock after other causes of LBP have been excluded.
Transesophageal Echocardiography Using Cypress‐Miniaturized Echocardiogram Unit: Initial Clinical Experience
Authors: Herzog Eyal , Pudpud Danny , Chaudhry Farooq A.
Published: November 2005

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was introduced clinically in the United States in 1987. Recent technologic advances have resulted in the creation of a small portable hand‐carried ultrasound (HCU) device that can be easily carried throughout the hospital with greater flexibility for cardiac imaging. These HCU devices have harmonic, color, and spectral Doppler (continuous/pulsed wave). Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. has incorporated a TEE connector, which connects to its Cypress (highly miniaturized echocardiogram unit) and allows the performance of a TEE with this unit, which is mildly heavier than a typical HCU. We describe our initial clinical experience with this unit. The image quality is comparable to routine TEEs, with the advantages of shorter duration, portability, affordable cost, avoiding the use of high‐end machine from the echo lab, availability of non‐HCU units for other studies, and preventing the need for an echo technician to be involved in the procedure. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 22, November 2005)
Cor Triatriatum with Single Atrium Presenting in Adulthood
Authors: Avula Satyanarayana , Salazar Manuel , Alturk Najib , Kukafka Sheldon , Ritter Samuel , Grodman Richard S.
Published: November 2005

We present the case of an asymptomatic 21‐year‐old woman referred because of an abnormal routine electrocardiogram. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed a complete absence of the atrial septum, a common atrium septated posteriorly from the pulmonary venous chamber, a partial atrioventricular canal, a cleft mitral valve and a persistent left superior vena cava draining into an enlarged coronary sinus. These findings were confirmed during surgical correction. Our patient presented with an unusual and fascinating combination of congenital malformations that remained well tolerated and undiscovered into adulthood.
Intravenous Versus Intracoronary Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography for Evaluation of No‐Reflow After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Song Jong‐Min , Lee Jae‐Hwan , Kim Young‐Hak , Kang Duk‐Hyun , Song Jae‐Kwan , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung , Kim You‐Ho
Published: November 2005

Objective: We sought to compare intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography (IV‐MCE) with intracoronary myocardial contrast echocardiography (IC‐MCE) in detecting no‐reflow and predicting the short‐term outcome of left ventricular function after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: IC‐MCE and IV‐MCE were performed immediately after PCI (D1) of 28 patients with anterior wall AMI. IV‐MCE was repeated at the next day of PCI (D2), and left ventricular systolic function was evaluated at D2 and 30 days later (D30). Results: There was good agreement between IC‐MCE and IV‐MCE at D1 in determining no‐reflow (κ= 0.78, P < 0.001) as well as between IV‐MCE at D1 and D2 (κ= 0.93, P < 0.001). The patients with no‐reflow on IC‐MCE (n = 13) and those on IV‐MCE at D2 (n = 11) showed no improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after 1 month (49 ± 9% to 48 ± 7%, P = 0.55, and 51 ± 6% to 49 ± 7%, P = 0.20). However, the patients with reflow on IC‐MCE (n = 15) and those on IV‐MCE at D2 (n = 17) demonstrated significant improvement in LVEF (55 ± 6% to 62 ± 5%, P < 0.005, and 53 ± 7% to 60 ± 8%, P < 0.005). In predicting segmental functional recovery after 1 month, sensitivity and specificity of IC‐MCE were 85% and 67%, respectively, and those of IV‐MCE at D2 were 95% and 40%, respectively. Conclusion: IV‐MCE at D2 might be substituted for IC‐MCE performed immediately after PCI for the evaluation of no‐reflow and prediction of left ventricular systolic function after 1 month in patients with anterior wall AMI. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 22, November 2005)
CASE REPORTS: Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Longitudinal and Circumferential Left Ventricular Mechanics by Velocity Vector Imaging: Description and Initial Clinical Application of a Novel Method Using High‐Frame Rate B‐Mode Echocardiographic Images
Authors: Vannan Mani A. , Pedrizzetti Gianni , Li Peng , Gurudevan Swaminathan , Houle Helene , Main Joan , Jackson John , Nanda Navin C
Published: November 2005

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has emerged as an important method to treat patient with symptomatic heart failure with evidence of intraventricular dyssynchrony. Tissue Doppler imaging by echocardiography has been shown to be an excellent tool for the assessment of mechanical left ventricular dyssynchrony and the selection of patients for CRT. However, there are some patients who do not show symptomatic improvement following CRT. One possible explanation for this is the need to optimize not only longitudinal synchrony, but also improve the circumferential and radial dynamics of the left ventricle. Doppler imaging does not allow reliable assessment of the latter because of the angle‐dependency of the technique. Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) is a newer technique which is angle‐independent and thus provides an avenue to evaluate short‐axis mechanics of the left ventricle. We describe a case in which VVI was used to assess the left ventricular dynamics in a patient with heart failure who did not respond to CRT. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 22, November 2005)
Modeling of Dielectric Behaviors of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Under a Direct Current Bias Field
Authors: Wen Hai , Wang Xiaohui , Chen Renzheng , Li Longtu
Published: November 2005

A modified Campbell model has been provided considering the internal stress and the “core‐shell” microstructure that occurs in X7R‐type multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). The capacitance stability coefficient α was defined to denote the effect of a direct current (DC) bias field on the capacitance of MLCCs. According to this model, the dielectric constant will decrease with DC bias field while the α coefficient will increase. The dielectric properties of MLCCs with different active layers, sintering temperatures, grain size, and strontium doping concentration were measured in order to verify the validity of the model. The experimental results exhibited good agreement with the model, which provided qualitative explanations.
Excess ZnO Addition in Pure and La‐Doped PZN–PZT Ceramics
Authors: Zeng Xia , Ding Ai‐li , Liu Tao , Deng Guo‐chu , Zheng Xin‐sen , Cheng Wen‐xiu
Published: November 2005

The effects of excess ZnO addition on phase structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties in pure and La‐doped lead zinc nicobate (PZN)—lead zirconate titanate (PZT) systems have been investigated. Addition of excess ZnO helps suppress and prevents the formation of pyrochlore phase for both systems. However, the effects on electrical properties in the systems were very different, even opposite. For the PZN–PZT system, excess ions possibly exist as second‐phase inclusion particles. Based on Raman spectra and the changes in properties, in the La‐doped PZN–PZT system, excess ions are very likely to enter A‐site lead vacancies. Adding proper excess ZnO in La‐like‐doped PZN‐based systems is an effective approach to achieve a pure perovskite phase, enhanced piezoelectric constant d33, and reduced dielectric loss.
Anatase TiO2‐Coated Multi‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes with the Vapor Phase Method
Authors: Fan Wugang , Gao Lian , Sun Jing
Published: November 2005

The vapor phase method was introduced for preparing anatase TiO2‐coated multi‐wall carbon nanotubes. A sample uniformly covered with a thick layer of TiO2 ranging from 20 to 50 nm was obtained. Compared with the commonly used hydrothermal system, this technique is of interest for easy control of a precursor containing Ti and a distinct coating process. We anticipate that this new hybrid carbon nanotubes material will find applications as photocatalysts and sensors.
Stage‐dependent feeding behavior by western tarnished plant bugs influences flower bud abscission in cotton
Authors: Zink Andrew G. , Rosenheim Jay A.
Published: November 2005

Unexplained variability in the relationship between the number of herbivores in a field and the amount of crop damage can arise if there is a large amount of variation among herbivore individuals in the amount of feeding damage each generates. In California, populations of the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae), produce highly variable levels of damage to cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Malvaceae), even when found at low densities. Because L. hesperus populations are also highly variable in their overall stage structure, we hypothesize that differences in crop damage might result from varying impact by each L. hesperus stage on cotton flower buds (termed squares). Laboratory measurements of L. hesperus mouth‐parts and distance to anther sacs, a preferred feeding site, revealed that 1st−3rd instar L. hesperus nymphs will not be able to feed on anther sacs of larger squares (over 8 mm in length) but will be able to feed on squares that are most sensitive to L. hesperus damage (<7 mm). Because even the 1st instars can feed on the most sensitive ‘pinhead’ squares, size constraints do not rule out damaging effects from the youngest L. hesperus. Laboratory observations revealed that later developmental stages, and adults, spend more time feeding on cotton squares relative to 2nd and 3rd instars. In addition, a field experiment revealed no effect of 2nd instars on square retention (relative to control cages) but did reveal a significant decrease in square retention generated by adult L. hesperus (4th instar L. hesperus resulted in an intermediate level of square retention). In a final study we sampled L. hesperus stage structure and density across 38 cotton fields. Multiple regression revealed that the densities of 1st−3rd instars of L. hesperus are not correlated with anther sac damage or square retention. However, in 2 years 4th and 5th instars were positively correlated with anther sac damage and negatively correlated with square retention. In the a third year, adult L. hesperus showed correlations in the same direction, across fields and across sites within fields. Overall, these results suggest that the adults and the largest nymphs of L. hesperus (4th and 5th instars) are particularly damaging to cotton squares, with the 1st−3rd instars of L. hesperus causing little damage to plants.
Collagen degradation by interleukin‐1β‐stimulated gingival fibroblasts is accompanied by release and activation of multiple matrix metalloproteinases and cysteine proteinases
Authors: Cox SW , Eley BM , Kiili M , Asikainen A , Tervahartiala T , Sorsa T
Published: November 2005

Objective:  Several collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have recently been identified in gingival fibroblasts, while secreted cysteine proteinases could also participate in connective tissue destruction in periodontitis. To clarify their involvement, we examined enzyme release during collagen breakdown by cultured cytokine‐stimulated fibroblasts.

Materials and methods:  Gingival fibroblasts were derived from four chronic periodontitis patients and cultured on collagen gels in serum‐free medium for 1–4 days. Collagenolysis was measured by hydroxyproline release into the medium. Proteinases were assessed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting.

Results:  Adding interleukin‐1β resulted in progressive gel breakdown. This was associated particularly with a shift in MMP‐1 band position from proenzyme to active enzyme and the appearance of active as well as proenzyme forms of cathepsin B. There was also partial processing of pro‐MMP‐13 and increased immunoreactivity for active cathepsin L. In addition, both pro‐forms and active forms of MMP‐8, membrane‐type‐1‐MMP and MMP‐2 were present in control and treated cultures.

Conclusions:  Fibroblast MMP‐1 was most likely responsible for collagen dissolution in the culture model, while cathepsin B may have been part of an activation pathway. All studied proteinases contribute to extracellular matrix destruction in inflamed gingival tissue, where they probably activate each other in proteolytic cascades.
Partner Violence and Mental Health Outcomes in a New Zealand Birth Cohort
Authors: Fergusson David M. , Horwood L. John , Ridder Elizabeth M.
Published: November 2005

This study examines the prevalence and extent of domestic violence and the consequences of domestic violence for mental health outcomes in a birth cohort of New Zealand young adults studied at age 25 years. A total of 828 young people (437 women and 391 men) were interviewed about the domestic violence victimization and violence perpetration in their current or most recent partner relationship. Key findings of the study were (a) domestic conflict was present in 70% of relationships, with this conflict ranging from minor psychological abuse to severe assault; (b) men and women reported similar experiences of victimization and perpetration of domestic violence; and (c) exposure to domestic violence was significantly related to increased risks of major depression (p < .05) and suicidal ideation (p < .005) even after extensive control for covariates.
Observer, Self‐, and Partner Reports of Hostile Behaviors in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Cui Ming , Lorenz Frederick O. , Conger Rand D. , Melby Janet N. , Bryant Chalandra M.
Published: November 2005

The present study examines how different observers of romantic relationships differ in their reports of hostility. Using confirmatory factor analysis with structured means, the results from 236 young adults and their romantic partners indicated that (a) the correlations among targets’ self‐reports, partners’ reports, and observers’ reports of targets’ behaviors were moderate; (b) targets’ self‐reports of their own level of hostility were lower than their partners’ reports of them; (c) young couples who were living together demonstrated a higher level of hostility than dating couples; and (d) women showed a higher level of hostility toward their partners than did men.
Generative Uncle and Nephew Relationships
Authors: Milardo Robert M.
Published: November 2005

This study investigates generativity, or a concern for future generations, in the relationships between uncles and nephews. Using in‐depth interviews, 21 uncles and 31 nephews were interviewed in Wellington, New Zealand and Bangor, Maine. Uncles describe themselves as supplements to parents, as friends, or as surrogate parents. Uncles act as mentors by providing nephews with advice and sometimes criticism. They act as intergenerational buffers and family historians by engaging in family work with nephews, providing insights into the behavior of parents or siblings. In turn, nephews provide uncles with insights into the behavior of family members. This study contributes to the literatures on generativity, men and caregiving, and more broadly third‐party influences in family relationships.
Blurring Boundaries? Linking Technology Use, Spillover, Individual Distress, and Family Satisfaction
Authors: Chesley Noelle
Published: November 2005

Information technology is entrenched in everyday life; yet, scholars have not firmly established whether this use blesses or vexes individuals and their families. This study analyzes longitudinal data (N =1,367) from the Cornell Couples and Careers Study to assess whether increases in spillover explain changes in distress and family satisfaction associated with technology use. Structural equation models indicate that cell phone use over time (but not computer use) is associated with increases in negative forms of spillover (positive spillover is not significant) and is linked to increased distress and lower family satisfaction. Overall, the evidence suggests that technology use may be blurring work/family boundaries with negative consequences for working people.
Selected Correlates of Business Continuity Planning in the Family Business
Authors: Malone Stewart C.
Published: November 2005

An empirical study examines some determinants of succession planning in family firms.
Ceramic Diesel Particulate Filters
Authors: Adler Joerg
Published: November 2005

Twenty‐five years of diesel particulate filter (DPF) developments have shown that ceramic materials are well‐suited candidates to fulfill the harsh requirements of exhaust after treatment. The introduction of DPF in passenger cars in Europe in 2000 was a real breakthrough from both a scientific and a commercial point of view. Different systems and filter materials can be used as DPF; however, at the moment silicon carbide wall flow filters seem to be at advantage. There is a continual demand for cost‐effective and reliable materials and systems forced by increasing legal emission standards.
Materials Issues Related to Catalysts for Treatment of Diesel Exhaust
Authors: Narula Chaitanya K. , Daw C. Stuart , Hoard John W. , Hammer T.
Published: November 2005

The driver for lean NOx treatment is the need to meet regulatory standards for diesel engines and gasoline direct injection spark‐ignited engines that offer better fuel economy. Efforts over the last decade have been focused toward finding an active lean NOx catalyst that can reduce NOx under oxidizing conditions or strategies such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR), plasma‐catalysis, plasma catalyst SCR, and lean NOx traps with varying degrees of success. At present, it appears that SCR with urea and lean NOx traps are the leading contender technologies for commercial deployment. Key issues that remain to be resolved for these two technologies include byproduct formation, dosing control, and durability. In this review, we summarize material‐related issues that are unique to each of these technologies, and point out the improvements necessary to facilitate their deployment.
Product Development with Thermally Sprayed Functional Coatings on Glass and Glass–Ceramics Substrates
Authors: Gadow R. , Killinger A. , Li C.
Published: November 2005

Oxides and metal–oxide layer composites were plasma‐sprayed under atmospheric conditions onto glass and glass–ceramic substrates and the coatings were characterized. The adhesion mechanism on a glass–ceramic was investigated using splat morphology analysis and electron microscopy. Adhesion mechanism of thermally sprayed coatings on glass and glass–ceramic surfaces differs qualitatively from metal substrates. The glass surface cannot be grit blasted prior to spray coating, however sufficient adhesion is mediated through chemical interaction; therefore, wetting behavior of the impinging particles plays an important role. Splat formation close to the interface and formation of residual stress in the coatings are discussed. Examples for several industrial applications with ceramic and metal ceramic multilayer coatings are presented.
Integration Concepts for the Fabrication of LTCC Structures
Authors: Baker Amanda , Lanagan Michael , Randall Clive , Semouchkina Elena , Semouchkin George , Rajab Khalid Z. , Eitel Richard , Rajab Khalid Z. , Mittra Raj , Rhee Sorah , Geggier Peter , Duschl Claus , Fuhr Günter
Published: November 2005

At the Keck Smart Materials Integration Laboratory at Penn State University, low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) material systems have been used to fabricate a number of devices for a variety of applications. This article presents an overview of the integration of the concepts and materials that we have used to achieve miniaturization and unique device function. Examples of microwave filters, metamaterial antennas, and a dielectrophoretic cell sorter will be presented, with emphasis on device modeling and design, prototype construction methods, and test results.