bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pueblos indígenas, recursos y gobernanza. Un análisis de la consulta indígena como parte de la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental del proyecto hidroeléctrico Añihuerraqui, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
Authors: Höhl Johanna
Published: October 2020

La gobernanza permite aproximarse a las interacciones entre el Estado, el mercado y la sociedad civil de forma holística al incluir en el análisis del desarrollo social grupos no tradicionales. Esta perspectiva teórica considera a los pueblos indígenas como un actor relevante en los procesos de toma de decisión en torno al uso de los recursos naturales. La consulta indígena creada como parte de la institucionalidad ambiental de Chile en el año 2013 fue concebida como espacio de articulación y negociación con el objetivo de empoderar las posturas y demandas indígenas. Sin embargo, las diferentes visiones de la naturaleza que se articulan en el marco de la consulta indígena complejizan el desarrollo de la evaluación de impacto ambiental en territorios indígenas. Asimismo, el mecanismo no considera la heterogeneidad dentro y entre las comunidades indígenas en un mismo territorio, ni cumple con asignarles un mayor control sobre los recursos naturales en sus territorios. Frente a ese escenario cabe preguntarse cómo se valida y legitima la consulta indígena frente a los pueblos indígenas y cuál es su contribución a la redefinición de su rol en los procesos de negociación en torno a proyectos extractivos en sus territorios. Mediante el análisis de la consulta indígena como parte de la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental del proyecto hidroeléctrico Añihuerraqui en este artículo se evidencia la división de las comunidades indígenas afectadas, así como la limitación de su participación en el proceso de toma de decisión generando incertidumbre entre los actores involucrados.
Trayectoria desigual de la escuela al trabajo de los jóvenes en ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Mazzeo Victoria , Bocchicchio Fabiana
Published: October 2020

El significado de juventud se revela como sumamente complejo y contiene las condiciones históricas que determinan su especificidad en cuanto objeto de estudio. Su caracterización depende de diferentes variables, siendo las más notorias la diferenciación social, el sexo, la generación, la inserción en la familia y en otras instituciones. No existe una juventud, hay distintas maneras de ser joven que se observan en el plano económico, social y cultural.El objetivo del artículo es analizar el comportamiento de tres grupos de generaciones de jóvenes residentes en la ciudad de Buenos Aires para 2017, en relación a los caminos de la escuela al trabajo y sus particularidades según sexo. Se caracteriza la juventud de la ciudad, definida por su edad en los grupos adolescentes (15-18), jóvenes (19-24) y jóvenes extendidos (25-29). Las dimensiones quese analizan son las referidas al capital educativo y a las inserciones ocupacionales logradas. El análisis es de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, utilizando como fuente de datos la Encuesta Anual de Hogares 2017 de la ciudad de Buenos Aires.La evidencia empírica de 2017 muestra que la trayectoria desigual entre los jóvenes de la ciudad de Buenos Aires tiene como punto de partida las características del hogar. Ellas determinan las oportunidades de inversión en educación que las familias hacen para sus hijos y, con ello, cuándo y con qué preparación ingresan al mercado laboral.
Understanding the Most Important Facilitators and Barriers for Online Education during COVID-19 through Online Photovoice Methodology
Authors: Doyumğaç İbrahim , Tanhan Ahmet , Kiymaz Mustafa Said
Published: October 2020

There are three main research goals in this study including (a) understanding the most important facilitators (support, strength) and complicators (barrier, concern, issues, problems) for online or distance education during COVID-19 from the unique perspective of college students, academicians, and teachers through Online Photovoice (OPV); (b) advocating with the volunteer participants and partners as allies to share the results with the key people and institutions through online avenues to enhance facilitators and address complicators; and finally, (c) investigating participants’ attribution of facilitators and complicators based on Ecological Systems Theory (EST) levels. The researchers utilized the adapted Turkish version of OPV to collect and used Online Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (OIPA) to analyze the data. Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) grounded in EST constructed the theoretical framework for the research. In total, 115 participants completed and consented for the study. Sixteen main facilitator-related themes emerged, and the five most expressed were having technology (n = 31, 35%), internet (n = 28, 32%), communication (n =18, 20%), emotions (n = 17, 19%), and economic resources (n = 16, %18). Thirteen main complicators-related themes emerged, and the five most reported barriers were lacks of technological resources (n = 41, 47%), internet (n = 40, 46%), appropriate learning environments, learning opportunities (n = 32, 36%) appropriate resources for online or distance education (n = 18, 20%), and interaction (n = 14, 16%). Participants attributed the facilitator and complicators to EST levels respectively as follows: individual/intrapsychic factors (84%; 69%), microsystem (45%; 59%), exosystem (36%; 43%), and macrosystem (34%; 44%). The researchers provided practical recommendations. The researchers obtained an institutional review board approval for this study.
Swedes Studying Abroad – as Tourists?
Authors: Nilsson Per Anders , Blom Thomas
Published: October 2020

The number of students temporarily studying in another country to receive a post-secondary education has grown significantly since the 1970s. This study aims to learn more about what attracts Swedish outbound students when studying abroad. What are the popular study destinations? Can data reveal touristic preferences? Descriptive statistics from the Swedish Board of Student Finance are used, making it possible to scrutinize studying abroad on an aggregate level over a period of two decades. The results show that English-speaking countries are attractive to Swedish outbound students. Places growing in popularity are the countries of Poland, Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea, Singapore, and China, as well as the region of Hong Kong in particular. However, more than 50 percent of outbound students study in Europe. In these troubling and uncertain times, we are living in, with COVID-19 and other crises hampering worldwide travel, it is difficult to predict the long-term effects on mobility.
Effect of silicon on aphid populations and wheat yield in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rezende Gabriel Fernandes , Sampaio Marcus Vinicius ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Machado Beliza Queiroz Vieira ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Lima Diego Tolentino de ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Perdomo David Nataren ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Celoto Fernando Juari ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Albuquerque Carlos Juliano Brant ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Silva Eduardo José Myaki ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Oliveira Reinaldo Silva de ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Pereira Hamilton Seron ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Published: October 2020

The area cultivated with wheat has been increasing in the savannahs of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Aphids are usually one of the main pests of wheat in many regions of the world; however, little is known about the aphid population in this new environment. The southern region of Brazil, the main wheat production area, has had several problems as a result of aphids, but aphid populations and the resulting impact on wheat production have not been investigated in these new crop production areas. Understanding control strategies to manage this insect could be essential for the “Cerrado” wheat that is grown in this area. The application of silicon (Si) has the potential to reduce the population growth of wheat aphids; however no field studies have been reported. Hence, we evaluated the effect of Si fertilization via soil application on the aphid populations and species composition and on yield components of wheat in three locations in Minas Gerais; the experiment was repeated simultaneously in Uberlândia, at the experimental areas of UFU and IFTM, and in Montes Claros, at the experimental area of UFMG, using the cultivars BRS 264 and BRS 394. The aphids first appeared just before wheat earing; they were then sampled six times over the course of the study, seven days apart, starting from 45 days after sowing. The aphid species Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) were observed in all three locations; S. avenae was the dominant species in all locations. The experimental area of UFU had the highest number of S. avenae aphids per tiller for both cultivars, while UFMG had the lowest populations. Aphid populations and wheat yield components were not affected by soil Si fertilization. There was no difference in yield as a result of location or cultivar, but the location UFU and the cultivar BRS 394 had the greatest average hectoliter weight.
Production and profitability of crop rotation systems in southern Brazil
Authors:   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, Canalli Lutécia Beatriz dos Santos , Costa Gustavo Vaz da ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Volsi Bruno ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Leocádio André Luís Mendes ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Neves Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Telles Tiago Santos ,   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná
Published: October 2020

Crop rotation is one of the pillars of conservation agriculture. This practice has offered a series of advantages in terms of improving soil physical, chemical, and biological conditions. These advantages result in yield increases for all economic crops involved in the rotation systems and may also reduce production costs. In this context, the aim of this study was to compare the profitability of crop rotation systems with different levels of crop diversification. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments included one less diversified crop rotation system (control) with soybean and wheat and four more diversified crop rotation systems (involving three or more species), including soybean, wheat, black oats, maize, canola, barley, blue lupine, white oats, beans, radish, triticale, rye, hairy vetch, and sorghum, under no-tillage conducted during a three-year cycle. Analyses were conducted considering productivity, operating cost, and economic profit. The highest accumulated gross yields were obtained in the more diversified crop rotation systems. The results show that the more diversified crop rotation systems were more profitable. When the opportunity cost was included, the most diversified crop rotations presented greater economic feasibility. The less diversified crop rotation system presented a negative economic profit. The crop rotation systems including beans presented the highest economic profit.
Viewing of Women as Culture and Domain in “Perchavan” by Qaisra Shahraz
Authors: Andleeb Shaista , Khan Muhammad Asif
Published: October 2020

Postcolonial Feminism serves as a critical thought to reset the idiom of suppression by identifying the cultural codes which involve women as the ‘Other’ in the Third World countries. This paper is an effort to point out the process of gender fixation in Pakistan which determines the cultural roles for women. This paper tries to define that the system of positioning of women in Pakistan, establishes the term women, as culture and domain. The paper tries to investigate the ideological problem in Pakistan for structuring the women’s identity in their sexual cum biological caricatures in groups instead of their talents. The paper tries to explore that Qaisra Shahraz in “Perchavan” is trying to identify that the term ‘women’, initiates a debate on women not as the emblem of culture, yet women appear to be the culture themselves against all the ethnographic standards of gender remapping in any definition of culture. This study, about the Pakistani women, is an effort to show that Shahraz in “Perchavan” tries to expose, that women are treated as the culture in Pakistan. However, the women in the process of regional nomenclature become portable objects and ultimately they become the domain of society.
Explaining what you see: Interpretive model of light for elementary school
Authors: Hinojosa Lobato Julià
Published: October 2020

In this work we briefly outline the foundations of a powerful interpretive model of light with a simplicity that makes it usable at the elementary level but robust enough to deal with it in the everyday life of a child. The model has been implemented, at a test level, in a school in Barcelona with good expectations
Aprofita els 55 minuts! Una experiència de ciència ficció per promoure l’aprenentatge de les ciències durant l’estat de pandèmia
Authors: Vicens Xamena Damià
Published: October 2020

Es presenta una proposta en la que a partir majoritariament de seqüències de pel·lícules de ciencia ficció, s’han anat formulant unes qüestions perquè l’alumne pugui distinguir inicialment entre un robot, un cíborg, un clon, un replicant i un sintètic, per després poder reflexionar sobre la bioètica relacionada sobre el clonatge humà i el transplantament d’òrgans, així com sobre la intel·ligència artificial. L’experiència s’ha realitzat a l’assignatura de Cultura Científica de 1r de batxillerat
Covid19 i Scratch: Involucrant a l’alumnat en la modelització computacional de la propagació d’una epidèmia
Authors: Crusells Joan , López Víctor
Published: October 2020

Aquest article relata una activitat duta a terme durant el tercer trimestre del curs 2019-20 al INS Andreu Nin, període en que l’alumnat estava confinat a les seves llars. Es tracta d’una activitat voluntària realitzada a 3r d’ESO, on els estudiants havien de fer servir el llenguatge de programació Scratch per elaborar un model computacional que simulés l’expansió d’una epidèmia com la que en aquell moment s’estava vivint amb la COVID-19. L’activitat va permetre a l’alumnat involucrar-se en pràctiques de modelització computacional integrant diferents coneixements de l’àmbit STEM, i va oferir l’oportunitat per discutir conceptes tant científics com computacionals.
Las camisas con la marca de Salvador Dalí: aproximación historiográfica de su estrategia creativa, publicitaria y comunicacional
Authors: De Vicente Domínguez Aida María
Published: October 2020

En un mercado saturado de imágenes las marcas adoptan estrategias de comunicación y diseño apoyados en el arte para transmitir los valores del activo artístico y posicionar el producto. Los efectos positivos del art infusion están demostrados pero son escasas las referencias para gestionar el arte como intangible en publicidad. Se ofrece la primera aproximación historiográfica de la dirección estratégica de comunicación emprendida por una empresa textil española, Confecciones Regojo, para lanzar un producto apoyado en la imagen y marca de Salvador Dalí. Los resultados aportan datos pioneros del diseño de un producto con la maca de Dalí en España.
El director de arte publicitario y las competencias del contexto visual con variables artísticas
Authors: Vélez Ochoa Claudia Inés , Muñoz Sánchez Omar
Published: October 2020

El trabajo del director de arte dentro de una agencia publicitaria es la visualización estratégica, buscando soluciones a los retos gráficos en una comunicación visual cada vez más atractiva. Esto conlleva a que sus conocimientos están relacionados con el manejo conceptual y estético de la imagen.
Eye tracker as a tool for special teachers - An example of application in deaf education
Authors: Zielińska Jolanta
Published: October 2020

The introduction discusses the distinctive difficulties with reading comprehension of texts in school textbooks experienced by students with hearing impairments in the light of the literature on the subject. Then, the basics of eye tracking are outlined - a technique that was used in the author's research - including such fundamental terms as fixation and saccades. The main part of the article is a report on the author’s research whose aim was to determine the effectiveness of reading short educational texts in the field of science where different types of infographics were used, and to compare the cognitive process specific to information search in students with hearing impairments to the one in their hearing peers.
A test was used as a research method. The research was conducted with the use of the eye tracking technique. Results were presented graphically and numerically. The graphical forms included: a heat map, i.e., a map showing a participant's visual fixation - and thus indirectly his or her focus of attention - and a scan path, which shows fixations and saccades following one another, thus revealing eye gaze behaviors.
Conclusions from the research showed that the eye tracking technique could be used to assess a person’s cognitive activity, and in particular, to determine what information layout in an infographic is best suited to the abilities of students with hearing impairments and activates similar cognitive strategies in them to those in their hearing peers, and so should be prevalent in textbooks for this group of students.
Verbal communication in students with mild intellectual disabilities at an early elementary school age
Authors: Masłowska Monika
Published: October 2020

Developing communication skills is one of the main rehabilitation aims in special school (Królowa & Malendowicz, 1976). Educational situations require constant communication with teachers and peers from students (Głodkowska, 2012). Studying students’ verbal communication provides information on how well they have mastered inflection, if they structure their sentences correctly, their passive and active vocabulary, and their listening comprehension. Also, assessing their communication skills gives insight into students’ need for verbal communication as well as into the form and complexity of their utterances. The study discussed presents the level of verbal communication in students with mild intellectual disabilities at an early elementary school age. Thanks to this exploration, it is possible to develop practical solutions to improve the communication skills of the group under study.
The Speech and Verbal Communication Development Test by Joanna Głodkowska (ibid.) was used in the study. Sixty-three students with mild intellectual disabilities participated in the study. It was conducted in seven special schools in Małopolskie Province. Three criteria were adopted for dividing students into groups: age, gender, and place of residence. Participants were 35 boys and 28 girls. They were divided into two subgroups in terms of their place of residence: those living in a town (31 students) and those living in the country (32 students). The results of the study were analyzed with the use of the easiness coefficient developed by Joanna Głodkowska (1999).
This article aims to provide practical guidance on how to work with students with mild intellectual disabilities so that their need for verbal communication and verbal communication skills are developing. The final part presents the findings and recommendations for educational practice.
People with intellectual disabilities as heirs. Part 3
Authors: Szeroczyńska Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

The article is another one in the series on people with intellectual disabilities as heirs. It discusses next steps that heirs need to take after an inheritance is accepted and a court confirmation of inheritance acquisition or a notarial deed of succession certification is received to be able to dispose of the property they acquired from the testator. It presents issues relating to inheritance division based on an agreement between the heirs and inheritance division by a court order, claiming the legitime, reporting the inheritance to the tax office to be entitled to inheritance tax exemption, as well as making an entry in the land register, reporting the acquisition of a car, notifying the homeowner association or the housing cooperative, changing the parties to contracts on services that are currently provided, etc. Practical difficulties that may arise when heirs with intellectual disabilities are taking these steps are listed along with the best methods to overcome them.
Contribuição à cronologia de Élisée Reclus
Authors: Nabarro Sergio Aparecido
Published: October 2020

Élisée Reclus é, sem dúvida, um dos maiores intelectuais do século XIX. Por isso, sua obra, seu entendimento sobre temas como anarquismo e Geografia, é muito estudada em vários países, incluindo o Brasil. No entanto, a compreensão do aporte teórico-metodológico elaborado pelo pensador anarquista, deve partir, também, da análise de sua trajetória de vida, marcada pela defesa incessante da liberdade, pela fidelidade às premissas ácratas, pela ação política, por dois longos períodos de exílio e grandes expedições por vários continentes. O propósito deste texto, entretanto, não é analisar as relações entre agência e estrutura, ou a construção do seu método de análise geográfica, mas apresentar ao leitor uma cronologia composta pelos principais fatos ocorridos em sua vida, que muito influenciaram sua forma de pensar e interpretar o mundo, para facilitar a compreensão dos estudos relativos à sua obra. Para tanto, partimos das cronologias elaboradas por Brun (2014 e 2015) e Ferretti (2016), inserimos novos fatos e detalhes identificados em nossas pesquisas sobre a obra deste pensador ácrata e cruzamos com apontamentos de estudos menos recentes, como os de Giblin (1971), Lacoste (1981), Andrade (1985) e Vincent (2010).
Circuitos de comercialização da economia urbana da reciclagem fluminense
Authors: Cruz Uilmer Rodrigues Xavier da
Published: October 2020

Com o crescimento do capitalismo, que acaba gerando mais lixo em razão de seus produtos industrializados, também cresceram as pesquisas sobre os resíduos sólidos, inclusive da área da geografia, que abordam os variados aspectos da catação e da reciclagem. Portanto, devido à importância de se compreender os sujeitos sociais envolvidos nesse processo de reciclagem, este artigo busca fazer uma revisão bibliográfica que desvela os circuitos de comercialização da economia urbana, com o intuito de conhecer as diversas formas de análises teóricas envoltas no fenômeno da catação e da reciclagem. Também, discute o conceito contemporâneo de rede e como elas se articulam entre as organizações, fazendo um levantamento acerca da rede de produção da reciclagem do Estado do Rio Janeiro. Portanto, cabe ressaltar a importância do estudo desse conceito de circuito espacial na atualidade, já que permite identificar e conhecer a lógica dos territórios e das redes, onde são sempre renovados os modos de produção, circulação, e as interações entre os sujeitos que estão inseridos no contexto da reciclagem e do “Jogo do Lixo”.
Linear Atrophoderma of Moulin Localized to Face: An Exceedingly Rare Entity
Authors: Arif Tasleem
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Linear atrophoderma of Moulin (LAM) is a rare dermatologic disorder characterized by hyperpigmented atrophic plaques following the Blaschko lines (BL). The trunk and limbs are the usual sites affected. Isolated facial involvement is an exceedingly rare entity. Despite a comprehensive medical literature search, the author could find only two cases of LAM where the lesions are exclusively localized to the face. In this article, the author presents the third case of LAM localized to face only. Case Presentation: A 26-year-old male complained of multiple linear non-pruritic pigmented lesions over the left side of the nose and glabellar area of six months’ duration. There was no history of erythema, thickening/hardening of skin, or violaceous border surrounding the lesions. On clinical examination, there were multiple hyperpigmented brownish lesions, the majority of which were depressed, involving the left ala and bridge of nose laterally and glabellar area in a Blaschkoid pattern. Diagnosis of LAM was established based on suggestive history and clinical examination. Conclusions: LAM is a rare disorder, and the facial localization makes it exceedingly rare. It should be kept in the differential diagnosis when hyperpigmented depressed lesions are present in a Blaschkoid pattern on the face.
Pratiques de rétention des femmes dans des emplois traditionnellement masculins au Québec : que peut-on apprendre de l’expérience des inspectrices ?
Authors: Fournier Pierre-Sébastien , Brière Sophie , Pellerin Antoine , Laflamme Anne-Marie
Published: October 2020

La diversité de la main-d’oeuvre dans les organisations représente une stratégie porteuse afin de surmonter les problèmes de recrutement et de rétention d’une main-d’oeuvre qualifiée et compétente. Parmi les groupes cibles, les femmes sont sous-représentées dans de nombreux emplois qui nécessitent des qualifications et des compétences spécifiques. La littérature montre bien l’importance des pratiques de gestion comme outil de rétention. L’objectif de cet article est de documenter les pratiques de gestion favorables à la rétention des femmes dans le cas particulier des inspectrices dans les domaines de l’hygiène, de la santé et de la sécurité au travail.

De façon plus précise, elle vise à comprendre la réalité des femmes inspectrices afin de saisir, de leur point de vue, les pratiques de gestion qui favoriseront ou non leur rétention dans l’organisation. Deux groupes ont fait l’objet de cette étude : des inspectrices en santé et sécurité du travail et des inspectrices en hygiène alimentaire et animalière. Au total, 62 personnes ont été rencontrées lors d’entrevues collectives, soit 10 gestionnaires et 52 inspectrices et inspecteurs.

Les résultats montrent six grandes pratiques stratégiques : la valorisation du travail et de l’expertise professionnelle, la réduction des risques du travail, la rémunération globale équitable, les horaires flexibles, l’autonomie au travail et la transformation des dynamiques de travail. La réussite passe par une transformation stratégique de l’ensemble des processus visant à instaurer un contexte favorable au recrutement et à la rétention des femmes. Un modèle pour agir à divers niveaux sur ces enjeux de diversité dans les milieux de travail est proposé. Ce modèle permet ainsi de mieux documenter les pratiques organisationnelles et d’aller au-delà des obstacles rencontrés par les femmes de façon individuelle.
Distinct subpopulations of mechanosensory chordotonal organ neurons elicit grooming of the fruit fly antennae
Authors: Hampel Stefanie , Eichler Katharina , Yamada Daichi , Bock Davi D , Kamikouchi Azusa , Seeds Andrew M
Published: October 2020

Diverse mechanosensory neurons detect different mechanical forces that can impact animal behavior. Yet our understanding of the anatomical and physiological diversity of these neurons and the behaviors that they influence is limited. We previously discovered that grooming of theDrosophila melanogasterantennae is elicited by an antennal mechanosensory chordotonal organ, the Johnston’s organ (JO) (Hampel et al., 2015). Here, we describe anatomically and physiologically distinct JO mechanosensory neuron subpopulations that each elicit antennal grooming. We show that the subpopulations project to different, discrete zones in the brain and differ in their responses to mechanical stimulation of the antennae. Although activation of each subpopulation elicits antennal grooming, distinct subpopulations also elicit the additional behaviors of wing flapping or backward locomotion. Our results provide a comprehensive description of the diversity of mechanosensory neurons in the JO, and reveal that distinct JO subpopulations can elicit both common and distinct behavioral responses.
Comparison of Various Clinical Scoring Systems in Predicting Progression and Outcome in COVID 19 Infection
Authors: Pandya Hetal , Muley Arti , Gill Roop , Jeevana .
Published: October 2020

Aim: Comparison of various scoring systems and to find the better one for predicting the progression of disease in COVID-19 infection.

Study Design: Observational.

Place and Duration: Department of General medicine, Dhiraj hospital, a tertiary care center, located in Gujarat, India over period of 4 month (May-august 2020).

Methodology: We included consecutive 300 adult patients of Asian ethnicity with COVID 19 infection, admitted in the hospital in ICU and Ward, who signed for participation. Various clinical scoring systems evaluated and compared for predictability of progression in COVID-19 infection which included two well-established and widely used systems- CURB-65 and qSOFA and two recent models, one being novel scoring model- CALL score used exclusively for COVID19 patients and other, the modified version of NEWS2 system. These scores were calculated for each confirmed COVID-19 positive patient on admission. WHO clinical disease severity grading was used to stratify patients and as reference for comparison with other scores.

Results: Of the 300 patients, 197(65.6%) were male and 103(34.3%) were female with mean age of 49.74±15.69 years. 95(31.6%) patients had co-morbidities, hypertension being the most common (21%) followed by diabetes (14.3%). Using WHO clinical disease severity, 160 (53.3%) patients had mild disease, 68(22.6%) had moderate and 72(24%) had severe disease. The four scoring systems were applied and compared for predictability. NEWS2 system had higher discriminative power(AUC,0.69; 95%CI, 45.5 -72.9%) followed by qSOFA (AUC,0.41; 95%CI, 35.3-48.2%), CALL score had lower discrimination (AUC,0.40; 95%CI, 33.5-46.9%) and CURB-65 had the poor values (AUC,0.35; 95%CI, 29.3-42.1%) in predicting the progression of disease in admitted patients. NEWS2 had sensitivity and specificity of 69.7% and 100% respectively.

Conclusion: In this study, four clinical scoring systems were compared on admission and NEWS2 system of risk stratification was found more accurate and better in predicting the disease progression in COVID19 positive patients.
The Analysis of Dielectric Constant, Loss Factor and Q-Factor of Selected Fruits at Microwave Frequency Range
Authors: Ikyumbur J. T. , McAsule A. A. , Akiiga N. S. , Andrawus Z. E. , Kungur S. T.
Published: October 2020

The dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and Q-Factor of orange, red and green apples were studied at Microwave frequency range. An algorithm was written using the Debye equations and the interactive problem-solving environment of Maple-18 was used to generate results for the dielectric constant, loss factor and quality factor. The variation in the dielectric constant, loss factor and Q-factor as both frequency and temperature changes respectively within   and  range were shown graphically. The dielectric constant of all the fruits were higher at lower frequencies, it then decreases continuously as frequency increases. On the other hand, the loss factor of this fruits were small at lower frequencies but increased to its peak before decreasing continuously for all temperatures. Interestingly, the fruits’ Q-Factor were higher at lower frequencies and temperatures but decreases rapidly as the frequency increases. The contribution of the space charge, orientation, ionic and electronic polarizations to the dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and Q-Factor of these fruits at lower frequency and higher frequency were discussed. The effect of the excess sugar and water content on the dielectric constant, loss factor and Q-Factor attributed to the appearance of vibrational peaks was also discussed. This work hereby provides a guidance in developing new microwave processes.
Treatment of Sarcoidosis in US Rheumatology Practices: Data From the American College of Rheumatology's Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) Registry
Authors: Hammam Nevin , Evans Michael , Morgan Esi , Reimold Andreas , Anastasiou Christine , Kay Julia L. , Yazdany Jinoos , Schmajuk Gabriela
Published: October 2020

Objective

Sarcoidosis is often treated with glucocorticoids, although the use of biologics is growing. Prescribing patterns for biologics for patients with sarcoidosis in US rheumatology practices have never been examined. Given that there are no steroid‐sparing US Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies for sarcoidosis, we sought to characterize the real‐world treatment of sarcoidosis and to assess practice‐level variation in prescribing patterns.

Methods

We conducted an observational study of patients with sarcoidosis using data from the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) registry (2014–2018). The RISE registry represents an estimated 32% of the US clinical rheumatology workforce. Adult patients with ≥2 codes for sarcoidosis ≥30 days apart were included. We examined sarcoidosis‐specific medication use at any time during the study period. Data were analyzed at the practice level.

Results

A total of 3,276 patients with sarcoidosis from 184 practices were included. Of those patients, 75.1% were women, with a mean age of 59.0 ± 12.5 years; 48.3% were White and 27.6% were Black. Overall, 59.3% of patients were prescribed glucocorticoids, and 24.7% received prolonged glucocorticoid therapy (≥10 mg/day for ≥90 days). In all, 12.1% received a biologic or targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (tsDMARD), most commonly tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. There was wide practice‐level variation among 31 practices with ≥30 patients with sarcoidosis; biologic use ranged from 15.6% to 69.2%. Infliximab represented the most common biologic prescribed.

Conclusion

In a large sample of US rheumatology practices, 12.1% of patients with sarcoidosis received biologics or tsDMARDs. We found high variability in biologic use across practices. The significant use of long‐term glucocorticoids suggests unmet therapeutic needs in this patient population.
Flower Inspiration: Broad‐Angle Structural Color through Tunable Hierarchical Wrinkles in Thin Film Multilayers
Authors: Chen Chao , Airoldi Chiara A. , Lugo Carlos A. , Bay R. Konane , Glover Beverley J. , Crosby Alfred J.
Published: October 2020

The petals of some flowers form hierarchical structures when nano‐scale cuticular ridges overlay bulged epidermal cells. These hierarchical structures can broaden the observable angles of iridescence. The resulting optical effect enhances the foraging efficiency of pollinators. Although efforts have been devoted to mimicking this unique broad‐angle structural color, the intrinsic tunability offered by natural systems to control such a broadened spectrum is still absent in synthetic models. A hierarchical system is developed that provides hierarchical wrinkle‐based structures that tune the observable angles for structural color. Laser diffraction measurements demonstrate that the observable angle of reflectance is broadened in proportion to the square root of the applied compressive strain. The morphology controls the diffraction pattern: the small wrinkles control the diffraction angles and the large wrinkles broaden the observable range. The development of a multi‐mode wrinkling system to produce this broad‐angle structural color only occurs within a limited range of conditions, which are experimentally discovered and theoretically modeled. Without diffractive small wrinkles, single wrinkling modes do not display structural colors. The control of wrinkling modes mimics the tunability of petals, which gives new insight into the natural system and provides a robust foundation for tunable structural color control.
Heat‐Shrinkable Electrospun Fibrous Tape for Restoring Structure and Function of Loose Soft Tissue
Authors: Saiding Qimanguli , Jin Jing , Qin Menglu , Cai Zhengwei , Lu Min , Wang Fei , Cui Wenguo , Chen Xinliang
Published: October 2020

Non‐invasive recovery of loose soft tissue caused by trauma, organ expansion, or compression has not been solved properly. Herein, a new approach of heat‐shrinkable electrospun fibrous tape (HS‐EFT) is constructed via electrospinning in which the contraction of the poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) HS‐EFT causes the relaxed fascia to pull back at body temperature while the mechanical force of retraction is transformed into an external signal that regulates the behavior of fibroblasts. As it contracts more than 40% within five days, the fast proliferation of fibroblasts on the contracted fibrous membrane is observed followed by the formation of more stress fibers, consequently promoting the nuclear transfer of mechanical stimulation‐sensitive co‐transcriptional molecule, yes‐associated protein (YAP), and eventually making new extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, as well as tissue strengthen. Moreover, in the process of fascia defect repairing in rabbits, the loose tissue is gathered by fibrous tape which ends in a reduced wound area as well as tissue repairing. Therefore, the HS‐EFT provides great inspiration for the reconstruction of relaxed soft tissue both structurally and functionally in a non‐invasive way.
Inter‐Flake Quantum Transport of Electrons and Holes in Inkjet‐Printed Graphene Devices
Authors: Wang Feiran , Gosling Jonathan H. , Trindade Gustavo F. , Rance Graham A. , Makarovsky Oleg , Cottam Nathan D. , Kudrynskyi Zakhar , Balanov Alexander G. , Greenaway Mark T. , Wildman Ricky D. , Hague Richard , Tuck Christopher , Fromhold T. Mark , Turyanska Lyudmila
Published: October 2020

2D materials have unique structural and electronic properties with potential for transformative device applications. However, such devices are usually bespoke structures made by sequential deposition of exfoliated 2D layers. There is a need for scalable manufacturing techniques capable of producing high‐quality large‐area devices comprising multiple 2D materials. Additive manufacturing with inks containing 2D material flakes is a promising solution. Inkjet‐printed devices incorporating 2D materials have been demonstrated, however there is a need for greater understanding of quantum transport phenomena as well as their structural properties. Experimental and theoretical studies of inkjet‐printed graphene structures are presented. Detailed electrical and structural characterization is reported and explained by comparison with transport modeling that include inter‐flake quantum tunneling transport and percolation dynamics. The results reveal that the electrical properties are strongly influenced by the flakes packing fraction and by complex meandering electron trajectories, which traverse several printed layers. Controlling these trajectories is essential for printing high‐quality devices that exploit the properties of 2D materials. Inkjet‐printed graphene is used to make a field effect transistor and Ohmic contacts on an InSe phototransistor. This is the first time that inkjet‐printed graphene has successfully replaced single layer graphene as a contact material for 2D metal chalcogenides.
Pushing the Limit of Ordered Mesoporous Materials via 2D Self‐Assembly for Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Qiu Pengpeng , Zhao Tao , Fang Yuan , Zhu Guihua , Zhu Xiaohang , Yang Jianping , Li Xiaopeng , Jiang Wan , Wang Lianjun , Luo Wei
Published: October 2020

Material and energy efficiencies are two key parameters that benchmark the electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices (EECSDs). Maximizing both requires researchers to grasp the limits of the physiochemical properties of core electrode materials. Ordered mesoporous materials (OMMs) have been regarded as promising electrode materials; however, their intrinsic deficiencies (e.g., plugs, inaccessible pores, and surfaces) impose limits for wide applications. 2D ordered mesoporous materials (2DOMMs) featured with an extended lateral dimension and a nanometer thickness not only inherit the structure advantages of mesoporous materials, but also have a unique 2D ultrathin feature that can fully address the imperfections of conventional OMMs. Herein, recent achievements on the preparation of 2DOMMs by combining single micelle assembly strategy with 2D bottom‐up patterning techniques including the molecular/space confined, interfacial orientated, and surface limited assembly are focused. Special focus is devoted to the newly developed synthetic strategies and their fundamental mechanisms for accurate control of some key structural parameters. Recent advances of 2DOMMs in EECSDs are also highlighted, which suggest that 2DOMMs are excellent material platforms for developing new battery chemistry as well as targeting performance optimization and cost reduction. Finally, the challenges and prospects are proposed based on current development.
Spacer Cation Tuning Enables Vertically Oriented and Graded Quasi‐2D Perovskites for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Ze , Wei Qi , Liu Xiaodong , Liu Li , Tang Xinyu , Guo Jia , Ren Shengqiang , Xing Guichuan , Zhao Dewei , Zheng Yonghao
Published: October 2020

Halide substitution in phenethylammonium spacer cations (X‐PEA+, X = F, Cl, Br) is a facile strategy to improve the performance of PEA based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of X‐PEA based quasi‐2D (Q‐2D) PSCs is still unsatisfactory and the underlying mechanisms are in debate. Here, the in‐depth study on the impact of halide substitution on the crystal orientation and multi‐phase distribution in PEA based perovskite films are reported. The halide substitution eliminates n = 1 2D perovskite and thus leads to the perpendicular crystal orientation. Furthermore, nucleation competition exists between small‐n and large‐n phases in PEA and X‐PEA based perovskites. This gives rise to the orderly distribution of different n‐phases in the PEA and F‐PEA based films, and random distribution in Cl‐PEA and Br‐PEA based films. As a result, (F‐PEA)2MA3Pb4I12 (MA = CH3NH3+, n = 4) based PSCs achieve a PCE of 18.10%, significantly higher than those of PEA (12.23%), Cl‐PEA (7.93%) and Br‐PEA (6.08%) based PSCs. Moreover, the F‐PEA based devices exhibit remarkably improved stability compared to their 3D counterparts.
Innovative Tissue‐Engineered Strategies for Osteochondral Defect Repair and Regeneration: Current Progress and Challenges
Authors: Zhou Liangbin , GJVM Van Osch , Malda Jos , Stoddart Martin J. , Lai Yuxiao , Richards R. Geoff , Ki‐wai Ho Kevin , Qin Ling
Published: October 2020

Clinical treatments for the repair of osteochondral defects (OCD) are merely palliative, not completely curative, and thus enormously unfulfilled challenges. With the in‐depth studies of biology, medicine, materials, and engineering technology, the conception of OCD repair and regeneration should be renewed. During the past decades, many innovative tissue‐engineered approaches for repairing and regenerating damaged osteochondral units have been widely explored. Various scaffold‐free and scaffold‐based strategies, such as monophasic, biphasic, and currently fabricated multiphasic and gradient architectures have been proposed and evaluated. Meanwhile, progenitor cells and tissue‐specific cells have also been intensively investigated in vivo as well as ex vivo. Concerning bioactive factors and drugs, they have been combined with scaffolds and/or living cells, and even released in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Although tremendous progress has been achieved, further research and development (R&D) is needed to convert preclinical outcomes into clinical applications. Here, the osteochondral unit structure, its defect classifications, and diagnosis are summarized. Commonly used clinical reparative techniques, tissue‐engineered strategies, emerging 3D‐bioprinting technologies, and the status of their clinical applications are discussed. Existing challenges to translation are also discussed and potential solutions for future R&D directions are proposed.
Graphene‐Based Biomaterials for Bone Regenerative Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of the Field and Considerations Regarding Biocompatibility and Biodegradation
Authors: Daneshmandi Leila , Barajaa Mohammed , Tahmasbi Rad Armin , Sydlik Stefanie A. , Laurencin Cato T.
Published: October 2020

Graphene and its derivatives have continued to garner worldwide interest due to their unique characteristics. Having expanded into biomedical applications, there have been efforts to employ their exceptional properties for the regeneration of different tissues, particularly bone. This article presents a comprehensive review on the usage of graphene‐based materials for bone regenerative engineering. The graphene family of materials (GFMs) are used either alone or in combination with other biomaterials in the form of fillers in composites, coatings for both scaffolds and implants, or vehicles for the delivery of various signaling and therapeutic agents. The applications of the GFMs in each of these diverse areas are discussed and emphasis is placed on the characteristics of the GFMs that have implications in this regard. In tandem and of importance, this article evaluates the safety and biocompatibility of the GFMs and carefully elucidates how various factors influence the biocompatibility and biodegradability of this new class of nanomaterials. In conclusion, the challenges and opportunities regarding the use of the GFMs in regenerative engineering applications are discussed, and future perspectives for the developments in this field are proposed.
Dendrites in Zn‐Based Batteries
Authors: Yang Qi , Li Qing , Liu Zhuoxin , Wang Donghong , Guo Ying , Li Xinliang , Tang Yongchao , Li Hongfei , Dong Binbin , Zhi Chunyi
Published: October 2020

Aqueous Zn batteries that provide a synergistic integration of absolute safety and high energy density have been considered as highly promising energy‐storage systems for powering electronics. Despite the rapid progress made in developing high‐performance cathodes and electrolytes, the underestimated but non‐negligible dendrites of Zn anode have been observed to shorten battery lifespan. Herein, this dendrite issue in Zn anodes, with regard to fundamentals, protection strategies, characterization techniques, and theoretical simulations, is systematically discussed. An overall comparison between the Zn dendrite and its Li and Al counterparts, to highlight their differences in both origin and topology, is given. Subsequently, in‐depth clarifications of the specific influence factors of Zn dendrites, including the accumulation effect and the cathode loading mass (a distinct factor for laboratory studies and practical applications) are presented. Recent advances in Zn dendrite protection are then comprehensively summarized and categorized to generate an overview of respective superiorities and limitations of various strategies. Accordingly, theoretical computations and advanced characterization approaches are introduced as mechanism guidelines and measurement criteria for dendrite suppression, respectively. The concluding section emphasizes future challenges in addressing the Zn dendrite issue and potential approaches to further promoting the lifespan of Zn batteries.