bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and experimental investigation of sandwich panels with 3D printed cores with GFRP composite and aluminum face sheets under 3-point bending
Authors: Chahardoli S. , Akhavan Attar Ali
Published: November 2024

Composite structures have been widely used in recent years in the aerospace industry as well as in industries that require lightweight structures due to their lightness and high strength-to-weight ratio. The purpose of this research is to introduce and compare a new type of sandwich panel to introduce structures that can be used in the aerospace industry. The cores in this research are made using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) with two types of PLA and ABS polymers. The face sheets used for this study are glass fiber reinforced composites and aluminum face sheets. In the first part of this study, a theoretical model for obtaining the force-displacement curve in nuclei with rectangular geometry was presented. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results showed that theoretical relationships have a good ability to predict the amount of force in experimental tests. The results obtained in this study showed that the use of composites made of epoxy glass fibers as a face sheet for sandwich panels leads to higher resistance to three-point bending. It was also found that sandwich panels made with ABS cores have higher strength compared to PLA cores, but their softness is less.
Sex-Specific Impact of Serum Calcium Levels on Acute Coronary Syndrome Risk: A 19-Year Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Jung Eujene , Kim Dong Ki , Ryu Seok Jin , Ryu Hyun Ho
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aims to investigate the association between serum calcium levels and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk, examining whether this relationship differs by sex, given the known differences in calcium metabolism and hormonal influences between males and females. Methods: Utilizing the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES) prospective cohort data, our primary exposure variables were serum calcium level and sex. The incidence of ACS served as the main outcome of interest. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression analysis. An interaction analysis was conducted to assess the interaction effect of calcium level and sex on ACS incidence. Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, high calcium intake did not significantly increase ACS incidence, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.07 (95% CI: 0.90–1.26). There was also no significant difference in ACS risk between females and males (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.61–1.04). However, interaction effect analysis revealed that higher calcium levels were associated with an increased risk of ACS only in females (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07–1.58), whereas the association in males was not statistically significant (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.71–1.15). Conclusion: Our study results indicate that elevated serum calcium levels alone did not independently increase the risk of ACS; however, high serum calcium levels were associated with an increased risk of ACS in females but not in males, underscoring the importance of sex-specific factors in assessing and managing ACS risk and highlighting the necessity for personalized medical approaches to improve cardiovascular health outcomes for women.
Avoid delaying vitrectomy by foregoing diagnostic testing if the intraocular foreign body is visible and endophthalmitis is incipient
Authors: Morris Robert E. , Saini Vikram T. , Tosi Nicholas , Kuhn Ferenc , Sapp Mathew R. , Oltmanns Matthew H.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) are known to cause endophthalmitis at a high rate. Media opacity (corneal edema, cataract, vitreous hemorrhage) and the need for diagnostic testing often prevent timely recognition of an infection; the resulting treatment delay worsens the prognosis. We present a case in which direct visualization of a posterior-segment IOFB and the incipient endophthalmitis allowed foregoing further testing (computed tomography), shortening the time to sight-saving vitrectomy.

Case Description

A 16-year-old male presented 19 h after a hammering-related injury. The media remained clear, permitting recognition of a large area of purulent retinal infiltrate adjacent to the intravitreal IOFB. Within one hour the patient underwent comprehensive surgery (wound closure, vitrectomy, IOFB removal, and intravitreal antibiotic injection). The development of full-blown endophthalmitis was prevented, even though the vitreous culture yielded Staphylococcus epidermidis. Final visual acuity at one year was 20/30, with the retinal injury approaching to within 1 mm of the fovea.

Conclusions

In opaque-media eyes with a suspected IOFB treatment delay is common, due to waiting for computed tomography (CT) – instead of ultrasonography, which can safely identify the IOFB in over 90% of cases. Expediting surgery is the best prophylaxis against post-presentation endophthalmitis. Our case highlights the benefits of early vitrectomy based on direct inspection of the IOFB alone; instant ultrasonography instead of a CT-caused delay may save eyes with infection developing behind media opacity.
Clinical Study on the Induction of Psoriasis Flare-Ups by PM2.5 Air Pollutants via Immune Barrier Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Xueliang , Wang Shuixia , Luo Xuejiao
Published: November 2024

Objective:

This study explores the clinical correlation between the air pollutant PM2.5 and the induction of psoriasis flare-ups through the disruption of the immune barrier.

Methods:

Air quality data, the average mass concentration of the primary atmospheric pollutant PM2.5, and meteorological data spanning from November 2023 to March 2024 were gathered from 9 air quality monitoring stations situated within our city, courtesy of the local Meteorological Information Center. Psoriasis cases were sourced from our hospital’s dermatology department, encompassing patients diagnosed and treated from November 2023 to March 2024 and residing within the city.

Results:

From January 2023 to May 2024, aberrant expression of Th1 cells and Th2 cells was observed in psoriasis flare-up patients. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis revealed a positive correlation between PM2.5, PM10, and Th1 cells, and a negative correlation with Th2 cells, exhibiting significant differences ( P < .05). Supplemental Figure 1 illustrates an increase in psoriasis flare-ups on the fifth day following a unit increase in PM2.5 concentration, with an excess risk (ER) value of 0.046 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.137-0.893]. Conversely, after an increase of 1 unit of PM10, there was a decrease on the third and fourth days, followed by increases on the fifth, sixth, and seventh days, with ER values of 0.038 (95% CI: 0.013-0.067), 0.045 (95% CI: 0.019-0.073), 0.051 (95% CI: 0.034-0.078), 0.057 (95% CI: 0.045-0.083), and 0.061 (95% CI: 0.051-0.087), respectively.

Conclusion:

Air pollutant PM2.5 could potentially exacerbate psoriasis flare-ups by compromising the immune barrier, suggesting a plausible mechanism linked to the onset of this condition.
Myanmar’s redemptive revolution: constituent power and the struggle for sovereignty in the Nwe Oo (Spring) Revolution
Authors: Thame Charlie
Published: November 2024

Revolutions are thoroughly international phenomena that have shaped world-historical development, international orders and political modernity. Recent scholarship foregrounds the consequences of their constitutional politics for world affairs, emancipatory ethos and revolutionaries’ strategic agency, and has raised concerns about the prospects of subaltern self-emancipation in the wake of the Arab Spring. This article presents a study of Myanmar’s Nwe Oo (Spring) Revolution (2021-present), which follows two successive failed revolutions of the negotiated and passive kind, the limitations of which Myanmar’s revolutionaries have learnt from and overcome. Offering a counterpoint to the top-down nature of passive revolutions and predominantly peaceful transitions of negotiated revolutions, their extraordinary struggle for self-determination forces us to reconsider established models of revolution, conceptions of sovereignty and norms of non-violence in mainstream IR. The article argues that Myanmar’s Nwe Oo Revolution bears the promise of redeeming and completing previous revolutions, both inside and outside Myanmar, and even the norm of sovereignty itself: as ultimately grounded in the constituent power of a community to determine the political forms of its own existence, calling it a redemptive revolution to emphasise its distinctiveness and world-historical significance. Through it, the peoples of Myanmar remind the world of several important lessons: about the potential of mass collective action, that the power of dominant classes is not insurmountable and that the grounds of freedom rest on violence. Theirs is a particular moment of a more universal human struggle: for social freedom and political liberation, the predominant response must be solidarity, not non-interference.
Return to Europe? Institutional choice, outsider status, and Britain’s response to the Ukraine War
Authors: Martill Benjamin
Published: November 2024

The European response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is characterised by an emerging division-of-labour between NATO and the European Union (EU). By reducing the substitutability of organisational frameworks, this makes life more difficult for outsiders – like the post-Brexit United Kingdom – which find themselves on the outside of key decisions. Drawing on interviews with policymakers, this article shows how Britain has engaged with EU security policy following the Ukraine War. It shows how the EU/NATO division-of-labour undermined the viability of Britain’s post-Brexit break with EU security policy and brought about a concerted effort to engage from the outside, including efforts to lead by example, establish new frameworks, and coordinate through informal channels. The findings help explain how seismic events can shape institutional choice and thus the costs of remaining on the outside, and they showcase the diversity of means available for external engagement.
A journey towards resurgence: Reflections from a graduate of the master of social work based in Indigenous knowledges program
Authors: Klymochko Nicole
Published: November 2024

Social work as a profession is at a crossroads. The Master of Social Work Based in Indigenous Knowledges Program is pushing back against the colonial agenda and returning to and centering Indigenous Knowledges in social work practice. As a graduate of the program, I share my experience as I traveled through the program and shifted my practice as a social worker. I offer my story and reflections of how I shifted my practice and embodied resurgence to challenge how we think about social work education.
Te Wāhi Whangai methodology: A nurturing space for storytelling, achievement and research
Authors: Jackson (Te Ātiawa) Suzette Claire , Chubb Laura Ann , Paris (Ngāphui) Simone , de Haan Irene
Published: November 2024

Te Wāhi Whangai (the nurturing space) is an innovative methodological approach informed by concepts rooted in a Māori worldview. Co-developed by a doctoral student, a kaiako raranga (weaving teacher), and a doctoral supervisory team, it integrates storytelling and healing into research within a therapeutic environment, addressing the necessity for culturally sustaining methodologies that invite wāhine (women) to openly share their stories. Developed for inquiry into wāhine’s experiences with substance use and their experiences during 6 months of a residential programme integrating parenting education with alcohol and drug treatment, Te Wāhi Whangai created a distinctive research environment within the treatment setting. The authors present concepts informing the development of Te Wāhi Whangai, including Kaupapa Māori, Mana Wāhine, Indigenous Storywork and Wānanga methodologies alongside design and conditions for application. Embracing a slower paced research environment, the methodology encourages participants to exercise agency in guiding conversations and envisioning the future to open possibilities for a different life. Its emphasis on cultural connection, doing while researching, and prioritising participant voices holds broader implications for Indigenous, Mana Wāhine (often referred to as Māori feminist discourses) and arts-based research methodologies, as well as other sensitive research settings.
Sonic urbanism(s): listening to the city
Authors: Rink Bradley , Gumede Sibonelo , Moubachir Ilham , Seebach Nora , Widmer Philippe
Published: November 2024

This reflection on cultural geographies in practice draws upon experimental pedagogical practices from a Critical Urbanisms seminar entitled Sonic urbanisms: Sound, mobilities, culture and identity convened by the University of Basel and University of Cape Town. In the seminar we sought to explore the sonic aspects of Cape Town and its acoustic territories shaped through movements, circulations, and encounters. By experimenting with methods of listening to an African urban environment we offer insights to citiness developed through ‘sonic dérives’ – building on the concept from the Situationist International – that allowed our pedagogical process to drift with sounds: following, sampling, tracing. In this paper we seek to demonstrate firstly how our sonic dérives highlight emotional and affective relationships with urban space; and secondly, how our experiments shift us from hearing the city as a cognitive process of comprehension to listening as an active pedagogical and analytical process of speculation and imagination, straining towards possible meaning that is not immediately accessible. The outcomes of our sonic dérives illustrate how sound casts long spatial and temporal shadows, spreading across an acoustic territory without neat boundaries while also disrupting linear notions of past, present and future in the life of the African city through sonic connections to memories, desires and the formation of alliances. Through our experiments in sonic urbanism(s) the city is rendered in mobile acoustic territories that are fluid, ephemeral and intersecting as evidenced by a sonic map of Cape Town providing a multi-layered soundscape that is made visible and audible.
Comprehensive analysis of the corrosion inhibition effect of Houttuynia Cordata extract: experimental and theoretical research
Authors: Wang Pengjie , Tang Zijie , Song Yuhao , Li Hao , Ansari Kashif Rahmani , Singh Ambrish , Li Zhonghui , Lin Yuanhua , Talha Mhod
Published: November 2024

Background

Due to the low toxicity and easy decomposition of green plant extracts, they are gradually replacing traditional corrosion inhibitors. Generally, plant extracts have low corrosion inhibition efficiency in corrosive media and are difficult to exert corrosion inhibition effects. Therefore, it is urgent to find efficient plant resources as corrosion inhibitors. Houttuynia cordata (HC) was used as the raw material and the corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism on Q235 were studied in 1.0 mol/L HCl solution.

Methods

The corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism were verified through weight loss and electrochemical experiments. SEM + EDS, ATR-IR and XPS were used to detect and analyse the protective film formed on the surface of Q235 after weight loss. DFT demonstrated the adsorption sites and reaction activity of the corrosion inhibitor, and MD further verified the corrosion inhibition mechanism.

Significant Findings

HC could spontaneously adsorb on the surface of Q235 and formed a stable protective film. With the temperature increased, the corrosion inhibition efficiency decreased gradually. At 293 K and 1.0 g/L, the corrosion inhibition efficiency could reach 96.97% in weight loss experiment, HC could simultaneously inhibit the anodic and cathodic reactions in 1.0 mol/L HCl solution, and followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Generic Volar Locking Plate Use in Distal Radius Fractures: A Prospective Randomized Study to Evaluate Clinical Outcomes and Cost Reduction
Authors: Doxey Stephen A. , Kleinsmith Rebekah M. , Qian Lily J. , Husband Jeffrey B. , Bohn Deborah C. , Cunningham Brian P.
Published: November 2024

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in 90-day clinical outcomes between patients treated with generic volar locking plates (VLPs) and conventional VLPs in distal radius fractures. Secondary aims included assessing for differences in surgical characteristics and cost between the groups.

Methods:

From November 2022 to April 2023, a prospective block-randomized study was undertaken in which surgeons alternated between using a generic VLP and a conventional VLP each month. The institution’s chargemaster database was cross-referenced for implant cost. Primary outcomes were 90-day readmission, reoperation, and mortality rates. Secondary outcomes included estimated blood loss, tourniquet time, and implant cost.

Results:

A total of 66 patients were included. Most were women (n = 61, 92.4%), with an average age of 61.0 ± 11.5 years. There were no significant differences in age, sex, smoking status, AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification, or tourniquet time between patients who received generic and conventional implants. The average total cost was higher with conventional implants than generic implants($1348.61 ± 100.77 and $702.38 ± 47.83, respectively; P < .001). The largest difference in cost came from pegs and screws that were used ($640.77 ± 90.93 vs $268.47 ± 45.93, P < .001). No patients experienced complications such as readmission, reoperation, or death within 90 days.

Conclusions:

Total implant cost was lower for procedures where generic VLPs were used. Cost differences between generic and conventional implants are driven by the variable selection of pegs and screws. With no differences in 90-day outcomes, surgeons may consider using generic implants as a way of increasing the value of care delivery.
Design and control of a central-rotor type pentacopter design and implementation capable of contacting to and moving on wall surface
Authors: Kim Won Jun , Choe Jae Hyeok , Jung Tae Nam , Kim Dong Hwan
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the design and control of a center-rotor type pentacopter that can move in contact with a wall to accurately measure cracks in a concrete outer wall. A center rotor pentacopter is a type of pentacopter that uses an electric ducted fan (EDF) motor and two axis servomotors at the center of gravity of the quadcopter. Center-rotor pentacopters are characterized by the ability to generate thrust in the desired direction using two servomotors and an EDF motor to maintain a stable attitude without tilting or leaning during flight. In this paper, the mathematical modeling of a center-rotor pentacopter was verified through simulation and compared with a regular quadcopter. We also simulated the thrust of the center rotor to see how much it could withstand when a sudden gust of wind occurred. Then, we built a pentacopter and measured the cracks and calculated the width of the cracks through the actual pentacopter in addition to flight experiments. The results showed the advantages and applicability of the pentacopter.
Fertility after pouch surgery in women with ulcerative colitis: Is robotic surgery the key to better outcomes?
Authors: Martins BA Alves , Sousa João Batista de
Published: November 2024

Fertility preservation is a major concern for women with ulcerative colitis who require surgical treatment. Previous studies have shown that the risk of infertility after restorative proctocolectomy is approximately four times higher. However, this risk appears to be lower in patients who undergo minimally invasive approaches, such as laparoscopic surgery. The benefits of laparoscopy have led to a debate on whether robotic-assisted surgery could offer better results in terms of fertility. Surgical robotic platforms can provide improved visualization of the pelvis and more precise dissection of anatomical structures. In theory, this could reduce tissue damage and the inflammatory response, leading to lower adhesion formation and fallopian tube blockage, thereby preserving fertility.
Importance of Cybersecurity/The Relevance of Cybersecurity to Diabetes Devices: An Update from Diabetes Technology Society
Authors: Ho Cindy N. , Ayers Alessandra T. , Aaron Rachel E. , Tian Tiffany , Sum Chin-Sean , Klonoff David C.
Published: November 2024

As medical devices become more integrated with wireless technologies, the risks of cyberattacks and data breaches increase, making stringent cybersecurity measures essential. The implementation of rigorous cybersecurity standards is essential for enhancing the cybersecurity of devices. This article examines the evolving cyber threats faced by the medical technology industry, the role of IEEE 2621 in providing comprehensive security benchmarks for medical devices, and the need for continuous risk assessments and adherence to regulatory standards to mitigate future cyber risks. Adherence to cybersecurity standards establishes ensures the effective protection of sensitive data and critical infrastructure.
Performance and Reliability Evaluation of an Automated Bone-Conduction Audiometry Using Machine Learning
Authors: Wallaert Nicolas , Perry Antoine , Jean Hadrien , Creff Gwenaelle , Godey Benoit , Paraouty Nihaad
Published: November 2024

To date, pure-tone audiometry remains the gold standard for clinical auditory testing. However, pure-tone audiometry is time-consuming and only provides a discrete estimate of hearing acuity. Here, we aim to address these two main drawbacks by developing a machine learning (ML)-based approach for fully automated bone-conduction (BC) audiometry tests with forehead vibrator placement. Study 1 examines the occlusion effects when the headphones are positioned on both ears during BC forehead testing. Study 2 describes the ML-based approach for BC audiometry, with automated contralateral masking rules, compensation for occlusion effects and forehead-mastoid corrections. Next, the performance of ML-audiometry is examined in comparison to manual and conventional BC audiometry with mastoid placement. Finally, Study 3 examines the test-retest reliability of ML-audiometry. Our results show no significant performance difference between automated ML-audiometry and manual conventional audiometry. High test-retest reliability is achieved with the automated ML-audiometry. Together, our findings demonstrate the performance and reliability of the automated ML-based BC audiometry for both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adult listeners with mild to severe hearing losses.
A Phase II study of avenciguat, a novel soluble guanylate cyclase activator, in patients with systemic sclerosis: Study design and rationale of the VITALISScE™ study
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , de Vries-Bouwstra Jeska , Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria , Kuwana Masataka , Low Andrea Hsiu Ling , Proudman Susanna , Flack Mary , Kukreja Anjli , Fagan Nora , Distler Oliver
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Systemic sclerosis is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease characterised by (1) microvasculopathy; (2) immune dysregulation; and (3) progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Soluble guanylate cyclase plays an important role in maintaining vascular and immunological homeostasis and preventing organ fibrosis. Pharmacological modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase with soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators has shown anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in animal models of systemic sclerosis, with a trend towards clinical efficacy in a Phase II study (RISE-SSc). However, the efficacy of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators may be reduced under conditions of hypoxia and oxidative stress. Soluble guanylate cyclase activators have the potential to overcome this limitation. This paper describes the study design of VITALISScE™, a Phase II clinical trial assessing the efficacy, safety and tolerability of avenciguat, a novel soluble guanylate cyclase activator in patients with active systemic sclerosis at risk of progression.

Methods:

The VITALISScE™ study (NCT05559580) is evaluating the action of avenciguat on all three aspects of systemic sclerosis pathophysiology. The primary endpoint is the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (mL) over 48 weeks. Secondary endpoints include absolute change from baseline at Week 48 in modified Rodnan skin score, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index score and the proportion of responders based on the revised Composite Response Index in Systemic Sclerosis. Additional endpoints include a composite assessment of Raynaud’s phenomenon, digital ulcer burden, functional outcomes and quality of life, safety, pharmacokinetics, and biomarkers associated with systemic sclerosis and the mechanism of action of avenciguat.

Results:

VITALISScE™ is an ongoing, multicentre (180 sites; 38 countries), placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, Phase II clinical study. Recruitment is currently ongoing.

Conclusions:

The VITALISScE™ study is assessing the efficacy, safety and tolerability of avenciguat in patients with active systemic sclerosis at risk of progression. Results will inform further development of avenciguat.

Trial Registration:

VITALISScE™; EU CT No. 2022-500332-11-00; Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05559580 ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05559580 ).
Dihydroergotamine for migraine: Evidence for multiple modes of action: The single molecule ‘combination’ product—A narrative review
Authors: Tepper Stewart J , Albrecht Detlef , Kellerman Don
Published: November 2024

Background

Here, we review studies conducted in the last 25 years that attempted to increase our understanding of the various receptors that play a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of migraine. Several of these studies evaluated the effects of dihydroergotamine (DHE), and we attempt to examine clinical evidence and plasma DHE levels, effects that likely relate to receptor class activation.

Methods

From a review of these studies, there is evidence about the potential role of the serotonergic 5-HT1A receptor, alpha-receptors, and dopaminergic receptors in the pathogenesis of migraine. Interactions with these receptors likely contribute to the effectiveness of DHE at concentrations achieved clinically. Also included is a discussion of the observable clinical correlates of multiple mechanisms of action. The impact of 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D stimulation is easily documented by the efficacy of triptans. For dopaminergic stimulation, the clinical correlate (nausea) is well supported. In the case of alpha-adrenergic effects, there is considerable preclinical evidence, but the clinical evidence is more subtle.

Conclusion

Overall, DHE is a nonspecific, broadly acting drug, with activity at multiple receptors that contribute to migraine pathogenesis and likely have a role in migraine resolution. This broader activity may contribute to DHE's utility in treating migraines that have not responded to other drugs with a singular mechanism of action. An understanding of the pharmacological profile of DHE and how drug effects, including adverse events, will vary based on plasma concentrations may be important to clinicians as they contemplate therapeutic options for patients with difficult to treat migraines.
Experiences of Volunteer Social Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of a Project by National Association of Social Workers-Zimbabwe
Authors: Chidyausiku Weston , Tachiva Joyline , Dudzai Cornelius
Published: November 2024

This article explores experiences of volunteer social workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly those who were under National Association of Social Workers-Zimbabwe Volunteer Project. Data was collected from 12 research participants (two focus group discussions) and triangulated with information gathered from three key informants who were purposively selected. Theoretically, the research was guided by affiliation, beliefs/values, career and egoistic model of volunteer motivation. Researchers found that there are motivations behind volunteerism such as the need to develop professionally and creating future employment opportunities. Notably, volunteer social workers offered many services during COVID-19 pandemic, including new services which never existed before the pandemic. The study discovered that during disasters and pandemics, more focus is given to victims rather than service providers, hence volunteer social workers faced a lot of challenges during COVID-19 pandemic. The problems identified are not limited to the following; lack of recognition as essential service providers, working in risky environments without proper personal protective equipment and no provision for allowances. The researchers therefore recommend the need to prioritise the welfare of volunteers and to promote their professional growth.
Demographic variation in truancy in adolescence and its effects on educational attainment and income in early adulthood
Authors: Cardwell Stephanie M , Tillyer Marie Skubak
Published: November 2024

Although prior research has linked adolescent truancy with lower educational attainment and income in young adulthood, less is known about how these relationships are conditioned by demographics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, and receiving public assistance. Using data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that adolescent truancy predicts lower educational attainment in young adulthood, and the effect is significantly stronger for males relative to females and significantly weaker for recipients of public assistance relative to their peers. Truancy's effect on educational attainment was largely invariant across race and ethnicity. We found little evidence that truancy in adolescence is significantly related to income in young adulthood, net of controls. This study highlights the importance of examining the nuanced relationship between truancy and later life outcomes.
Diffuse lung diseases ascribed to drugs: a nationwide observational study over 37 years using the French Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Yavordios Sophie , Beltramo Guillaume , Freppel Romane , Beau Salinas Frédérique , Le Beller Christine , Bihan Kevin , Mouillot Pierre , Georges Marjolaine , Grandvuillemin Aurélie , Bonniaud Philippe
Published: November 2024

Background

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) is a heterogeneous subgroup of interstitial lung disease (ILD). The number of molecules involved is increasing with time. Due to their low incidence, DI-ILDs may be detected only after a drug has been marketed, notably through adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports to pharmacovigilance centres. The aim of our study was to describe drug-induced diffuse lung disease cases notified to and recorded by the French Pharmacovigilance Database (FPVD), reported clinical pictures and the potentially causal drugs.

Methods

This retrospective study included cases registered in the FPVD from 1 January 1985 to 1 April 2022 which had ADRs coded in MedDRA with a High-Level Group Term “Lower respiratory tract disorders (excluding obstruction and infection)” involving patients aged ≥18 years.

Results

We analysed 7234 cases involving 13 059 suspect medications and 1112 specific molecules. Cases were categorised as serious in 96.7% and death ensued in 13.3%. Males accounted for 54.4% of the cases. Median (range) age was 69 (18–103) years. The most prevalent ADRs were “Interstitial lung disease” (51.0%), “Pulmonary oedema” (acute/non-acute) (15.6%) and “Pulmonary fibrosis” (10.5%). Anti-cancer drugs (31.2%) and cardiovascular drugs (29.1%) were the most prominent therapeutic classes involved, with amiodarone being the most commonly reported suspected drug (10.0%), followed by methotrexate (3.1%).

Conclusion

This study from a large nationwide dataset spanning 37 years is the largest known to date. Drug-induced diffuse lung diseases are serious with a potentially fatal outcome. Accurate diagnoses remain essential to identify the diseases properly and discontinue the culprit drug urgently.
Pirfenidone and risk of lung cancer development in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Yoon Hee-Young , Kim Hoseob , Bae Yoonjong , Song Jin Woo
Published: November 2024

Background

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) carries a high risk of lung cancer, but the effect of pirfenidone on lung cancer development remains uncertain. We investigated the association between pirfenidone use and lung cancer development in patients with IPF.

Methods

We included 9938 patients with IPF from the Korean national claims database. Propensity score analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and landmark analyses were employed to evaluate lung cancer occurrence according to pirfenidone use. The association was evaluated using Cox regression models adjusted for clinical and socioeconomic variables. A single-centre IPF clinical cohort (n=941) was used for validating the findings.

Results

The mean patient age was 69.4 years, 73.7% were men and 32.1% received pirfenidone. Lung cancer developed in 766 patients with IPF (7.7%; 21.9 cases per 1000 person-years) during a median follow-up of 3.0 years. After IPTW, the pirfenidone group showed lower incidence (10.4versus27.9 cases per 1000 person-years) than the no pirfenidone group. Landmark analysis at 6 months after IPF diagnosis also showed lower incidence of lung cancer in the pirfenidone group than in the no pirfenidone group. Pirfenidone use was independently associated with a reduced lung cancer risk (weighted adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.347, 95% CI 0.258–0.466). A clinical cohort showed similar association (weighted adjusted HR 0.716, 95% CI 0.517–0.991). The association persisted across subgroups defined by age or sex.

Conclusion

Pirfenidone use may be associated with a reduced lung cancer risk in patients with IPF.
Transcriptomic and de novo proteomic analyses of organotypic entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures reveal changes in metabolic and signaling regulators in TTX-induced synaptic plasticity
Authors: Lenz Maximilian , Turko Paul , Kruse Pia , Eichler Amelie , Chen Zhuo Angel , Rappsilber Juri , Vida Imre , Vlachos Andreas
Published: November 2024

Understanding the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity is crucial for elucidating how the brain adapts to internal and external stimuli. A key objective of plasticity is maintaining physiological activity states during perturbations by adjusting synaptic transmission through negative feedback mechanisms. However, identifying and characterizing novel molecular targets orchestrating synaptic plasticity remains a significant challenge. This study investigated the effects of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-induced synaptic plasticity within organotypic entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures, offering insights into the functional, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes associated with network inhibition via voltage-gated sodium channel blockade. Our experiments demonstrate that TTX treatment induces substantial functional plasticity of excitatory synapses, as evidenced by increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) amplitudes and frequencies in both dentate granule cells and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Correlating transcriptomic and proteomic data, we identified novel targets for future research into homeostatic plasticity, including cytoglobin, SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase Activating Protein 3, Transferrin receptor, and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase 1. These data provide a valuable resource for future studies aiming to understand the orchestration of homeostatic plasticity by metabolic pathways in distinct cell types of the central nervous system.
Influence of physico-chemical properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose on quetiapine fumarate release from sustained release matrix tablets
Authors: Ellakwa Takwa E. , Abu-Khadra Ahmad S. , Ellakwa Doha El-Sayed
Published: November 2024

Quetiapine fumarateis a typical antipsychotic with a short half-life of 6 h and is administered multiple times daily. In this study, a copolymer for controlled delivery of quetiapine fumarate will be developed. In order to prevent side effects and improve patient compliance, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K15M (HPMC K15M) was included in the formulation of the quetiapine fumarate oral sustained-release tablets at a concentration of 10–30%. A series of analytical methods were used to determine the characteristics of the prepared hydrogels, including Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Scanning electron microscope. At two different pH values (1.2 and 6.8), swelling and release studies were conducted. A variety of release kinetic models was used to study drug release mechanisms. A non-Fickian diffusion mechanism released hydrogels prepared from quetiapine fumarate. It was found that swelling was increased by increasing the amount of HPMC K15M. Compared to the other batches (10–20%), the produced tablets with 30% HPMC K15M content had a better release profile after 20 h of dissolution. Because of the effective matrix complex’s limited solubility in water, the drug diffuses through the gel layer at a steady rate rather than dissolving quickly.
Carry-over effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on tolerant Aedes albopictus mosquitoes
Authors: Bahrami Romina , Quaranta Stefano , Perdomo Hugo D. , Bonizzoni Mariangela , Khorramnejad Ayda
Published: November 2024

Background

The biological larvicideBacillus thuringiensissubsp.israelensis(Bti) represents a safe and effective alternative to chemical insecticides for mosquito control. Efficient control of mosquitoes implicates continuous and extensive application of Bti. This massive use of Bti imposes strong selective pressure, but the complex mode of action of the numerous synergistic Bti endotoxins lower the risk of the emergence of resistance. Although resistance to Bti has not been identified at the population level in nature, some larvae can survive Bti exposure, suggesting tolerance mechanisms. Here we investigated whether Bti-tolerantAedes albopictuslarvae experience any fitness costs. We also studied how this tolerance affects different aspects of the phenotype of the emerging adults that could be relevant for arboviral transmission.

Methods

We exposedAe. albopictuslarvae to lethal concentration of Bti and studied the fitness and gut microbiota of tolerant larvae and their adult counterparts. We further compared the transcript abundance of nine key immunity genes in the gut of Bti-tolerant larvae and their emerging adults versus those not exposed to Bti.

Results

Our results showed that Bti exposure has multifaceted impacts onAe. albopictusmosquitoes during both larval and adult stages. The carry-over effect of Bti exposure on tolerant larvae manifested in reduced adult emergence rate, shorter lifespan, and decreased fecundity. Bti also alters the gut microbiota of both larvae and adults. We observed higher microbial diversity in Bti-tolerant larvae and changes in the richness of core microbiota. Bti infection and the altered microbiota triggered immune responses in the larval and adult guts.

Conclusions

The observed reduction in mosquito fitness and changes in the composition of the microbiota of adults emerging from tolerant larvae could negatively influence mosquito vectorial capacity. Understanding these impacts is crucial for evaluating the broader implications of Bti-based insecticides in mosquito control programs.

Graphical Abstract
Protective efficacy of a recombinant adenovirus expressing novel dual F and HN proteins of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Wu Jinbo , Zhu Qing , Huang Xiangyue , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhu Chenxi , Deng Gunan , Ake Ajia , Ma Yuanzhen , He Chunsai , Guo Rui , Yue Hua , Lan Lan , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2024

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is a viral respiratory pathogen that infects cattle and causes significant economic losses. We generated a recombinant adenovirus called rHAd5-F + HN by expressing the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein of BPIV3 using the human adenovirus serotype 5 (rHAd5). We evaluated its effects on humoral and cellular immune responses in mice (n = 45) and calves (n = 9). Serum antibody responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and neutralising antibodies (NAb). After boosting immunity with rHAd5-F + HN, mice produced significantly higher levels of antibodies against the BPIV3 genotype A and genotype C strains. The production of antibodies exceeded those produced by adenoviruses rHAd5-F and rHAd5-HN, which express the F and HN glycoprotein, respectively. The percentages of splenic CD3+/CD8+T lymphocytes and IL-4+ cytokines in rHAd5-F + HN mice were considerably higher than those in the control group. Mice immunised with rHAd5-F + HN exhibited much lower viral loads in the lungs and tracheas compared to the control group. Additionally, the lungs of mice vaccinated with rHAd5-F + HN showed no notable histopathological changes. On the other hand, rHAd5-F + HN produced a humoral immune response in calves. Following the booster intramuscular injection with the rHAd5-F + HN, the serum antibody levels against BPIV3 genotype C strain were 1:20 452, 1:1024, and 1:426 in calves, as detected by ELISA, HI, and NAb, respectively. The HI and NAb levels against the BPIV3 genotype A strain were 1:213 and 1:85 in calves, respectively. These results indicate that rHAd5-F + HN effectively induced immunity against BPIV3 infection.
Prolonged alkali water irrigation: impacts of treatment strategies on soil health and microbial dynamics
Authors: Yadav Kirti , Singh Awtar , Aggarwal Neeraj K. , Yadav Gajender , Basak Nirmalendu , Bhardwaj Ajay Kumar , Yadav Rajender Kumar
Published: November 2024

Background

The extent of natural salt-laden groundwaters used for irrigation is increasing worldwide, which is a fast-emerging threat to agroecosystems and global food security. The salt buildup in the soil is linked to deteriorated soil chemical, physical, and biological health and decreased land productivity. Alkali waters with high residual sodium carbonate (RSC) is one of the severe poor-quality waters that deteriorate soil. We evaluated soil microbial dynamics and soil health at critical growth stages of rice crop receiving two-decade-long irrigation with three levels of alkali water and two reclamation strategies. These included good-quality water (GQW), alkali water (ALKW) with an RSC concentration of 5 me L⁻1 (ALKW1), ALKW with an RSC concentration of 10 me L⁻1 (ALKW2), ALKW2 treated to neutralize RSC to 5 me L⁻1 using gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O; ALKW2 + GYP), and ALKW2 treated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4; ALKW2 + SA). Eleven microbial parameters were used to develop a soil microbial activity index (SMAI), and eight soil health indicators were correlated with changes in SMAI and crop productivity.

Results

The SMAI peaked under good-quality water (GQW) conditions (0.84–0.89), while the lowest values were recorded under ALKW2 (0.06–0.18). Neutralized alkali waters, ALKW2 + SA and ALKW2 + GYP, significantly improved SMAI with corresponding values of 0.25–0.35 and 0.13–0.32, respectively. SMAI across all stages correlated positively (R2 = 0.91–0.98) with rice yield. Microbial activity varied with the crop growth stage, peaking at tillering. Gypsum application alone, aimed at neutralizing alkalinity from an RSC of 10 to 5 me L⁻1, proved insufficient in bringing the SMAI up to the ALKW1 (RSC level of 5 me L⁻1).

Conclusions

The application of dilute sulfuric acid demonstrated better results in restoring the soil microbial activity index than gypsum amendment; however, sulfuric acid treatment depends on native calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution for its effectiveness. It may not suffice for soil stability improvement in the long term, especially when native CaCO3 is low. Therefore, integrating gypsum and dilute sulfuric acid for RSC neutralization is worthwhile; however, further assessment is needed to confirm their combined impact on soil biochemical and physical properties.
Experimental study on the effect of surface-projected conditions on the mechanical behavior of pile embedded in sand
Authors: Park Suhyuk , Kim Gi-Yun , Chang Ilhan
Published: November 2024

Surface-projected piles, such as helical and under-reamed piles, are widely utilized in geotechnical engineering to enhance the load-carrying capacities of pile structures with surface projection part. Despite the use of a wide variety of surface-projected conditions, detailed investigations considering various dimensions and angles of surface-projected piles remain limited in the current literature. This study aims to assess the effects of surface-projected widths wp (10 mm, 20 mm, 40 mm) and angles θ (18°, 27°, 45°, 90°) on pile penetration resistance using a two-dimensional model and PIV analysis. Wider projections increased resistance, with a maximum of 1.84 kN—57% higher than conventional piles in the model ground. Penetration resistance was proportional to width at 90°; for wp = 20 mm, penetration resistance decreased with increasing θ, while for wp = 40 mm, it increased. Theoretical ultimate bearing capacity calculations emphasize differences from experimental results due to neglected shaft friction. Residual penetration resistance and particle displacement were observed for wp of 20 mm and 40 mm after failure. This study provides insights into optimizing surface-projected pile design and understanding ground failure mechanisms.
Assessing agricultural practices and insecticides resistance for effective malaria vector control in northwestern Iran
Authors: Abbasi Madineh , Yousefi Saideh , Nikpour Fatemeh
Published: November 2024

Background

After three years with no local transmission of malaria, an outbreak occurred in Iran in 2022. Key malaria control methods in Iran are including indoor residual spraying (IRS), long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), and prompt diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases. Anopheles sacharovi is one of the main malaria vectors in Iran. This study aimed to determine the insecticides resistance status of An. sacharovi in northwestern Iran, to inform effective vector control programs in this region.

Methods

Larval stages of An. sacharovi were collected from various larval habitats located in the villages along the Aras River. Adult susceptibility tests were performed on An. sacharovi using diagnostic doses of insecticides accordance to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The study also evaluated agricultural insecticide and fertilizer usage alongside the presence of natural mosquito predators in breeding sites in the study area.

Results

Alongside various chemicals such as silica, humic acid, superphosphate, sulfur, urea, and solupotasse at different dose levels, organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used in rice fields and orchards. Anopheles sacharovi displayed diverse reactions to insecticides, demonstrating resistance to DDT but sensitivity to malathion, and showing similar reactions to carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides.

Conclusions

These results provide significant insights into agricultural practices and the presence of mosquito larvae in the study area. The extensive use of a specific herbicide illustrates its popularity among farmers for weed control, while other agricultural products focus on enhancing soil fertility and productivity. The absence of mosquito larvae in habitats with predators indicates the usefulness of these predators in controlling the population of mosquitoes. The resistance of mosquitoes to certain insecticides highlights the need for careful selection and intermittent use of insecticides in vector control programs. These findings can inform the development of targeted strategies to reduce malaria transmission risks. Further research is essential for assessing the effectiveness of these interventions.