bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum nesfatin‐1 level in men with diabetes and erectile dysfunction correlates with generalized anxiety disorder‐7: A prospective comparative study
Authors: Ragab Ahmed , Ahmed Mahmoud Hassan , Reda Sayed Ahmed , EldinAbdelbary Dalia Adel Kamal , GamalEl Din Sameh Fayek
Published: July 2022

Background

Current studies have suggested a close link between nesfatin‐1, an appetite‐related neuropeptide and gonadal hormones.

Objectives

We investigated the association between nesfatin‐1 serum level and erectile dysfunction severity in men with diabetes as well as the generalized anxiety disorder‐7 questionnaire, the patient health questionnaire‐9, serum testosterone, kidney and liver functions, glycated haemoglobin and lipid profile.

Materials and methods

Seventy‐five participants between 30 and 60 years were enrolled, 25 erectile dysfunction patients with type 2 diabetes (group I), 21 with diabetes and preserved erectile function (group II) and 29 healthy controls (group III). Erectile dysfunction status and severity were determined by the Arabic version of the international index of erectile function‐5 for all the participants. Psychological wellbeing was checked by the generalized anxiety disorder‐7 questionnaire and the patient health questionnaire‐9. Finally, participants were evaluated for serum nesfatin‐1, serum testosterone, kidney and liver functions, glycated haemoglobin and lipid profile.

Results

Serum nesfatin‐1 levels were significantly lower in groups I and II compared to the controls. The international index of erectile function‐5 scores had shown significant correlations with serum nesfatin‐1, serum testosterone, generalized anxiety disorder‐7, patient health questionnaire‐9, diastolic blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, triglycerides, creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratio. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that serum nesfatin‐1 ≥ 0.62 ng/ml, serum testosterone ≥2.9 ng/ml, generalized anxiety disorder‐7 score ≥7.5, patient health questionnaire‐9 score ≥5, glycated hemoglobin ≥6.4%, triglycerides ≥ 144 mg/dl, creatinine ≥ 0.85 mg/dl and albumin/creatinine ratio ≥ 26.5 are useful predictors of erectile dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes, and the area under the curve for those variables was respectively 0.83, 0.76, 1, 0.75, 0.88, 0.72, 0.67 and 0.77. Finally, a linear regression analysis revealed that generalized anxiety disorder‐7 was the only strong independent predictor of the international index of erectile function‐5 (p < 0.001).

Discussion and conclusion

Nesfatin‐1 can be used as a biomarker for the severity of anxiety in erectile dysfunction patients with diabetes. Use of this molecule in treatment of diabetes and erectile dysfunction should be strengthened by larger studies. Psychiatric care must be offered to patients with diabetes and erectile dysfunction and low serum nesfatin‐1 as they experience intense anxiety and depression.
Compound impacts of extreme weather events and COVID‐19 on climate mobilities
Authors: Thalheimer Lisa
Published: July 2022

Weather and climate‐related human mobility (climate mobilities) including displacement are often viewed as security concerns. The recent coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic adds yet another layer of complexity which calls for unpacking these connections. This paper explores how existing patterns of migration and displacement that are driven by climate change impacts are compounded by the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. First, the paper outlines the links between extreme weather events and human mobility to then explore how the impacts from COVID‐19 interact, cascade and compound pre‐existing vulnerabilities of people on the move. Examining the ways in which climate change is potentially driving or shifting patterns of climate mobility allows a shared understanding of this complex issue to be gained. This paper contextualises the compounding impacts with a geographical focus on Bangladesh, a well‐known climate hotspot. The paper contributes to the debates on impacts and human responses to climate change and concludes with a set of policy recommendations.
Using word embeddings to investigate cultural biases
Authors: Durrheim Kevin , Schuld Maria , Mafunda Martin , Mazibuko Sindisiwe
Published: July 2022

Word embeddings provide quantitative representations of word semantics and the associations between word meanings in text data, including in large repositories in media and social media archives. This article introduces social psychologists to word embedding research via a consideration of bias analysis, a topic of central concern in the discipline. We explain how word embeddings are constructed and how they can be used to measure bias along bipolar dimensions that are comparable to semantic differential scales. We review recent studies that show how familiar social biases can be detected in embeddings and how these change over time and in conjunction with real‐world discriminatory practices. The evidence suggests that embeddings yield valid and reliable estimates of bias and that they can identify subtle biases that may not be communicated explicitly. We argue that word embedding research can extend scholarship on prejudice and stereotyping, providing measures of the bias environment of human thought and action.
Inverting passive margin stratigraphy for marine sediment transport dynamics over geologic time
Authors: Shobe Charles M. , Braun Jean , Yuan Xiaoping , Campforts Benjamin , Gailleton Boris , Baby Guillaume , Guillocheau François , Robin Cécile
Published: July 2022

Passive margin stratigraphy contains time‐integrated records of landscapes that have long since vanished. Quantitatively reading the stratigraphic record using coupled landscape evolution and stratigraphic forward models (SFMs) is a promising approach to extracting information about landscape history. However, there is no consensus about the optimal form of simple SFMs because there has been a lack of direct tests against observed stratigraphy in well‐constrained test cases. Specifically, the extent to which SFM behaviour over geologic space and timescales should be governed by local (downslope sediment flux depends only on local slope) versus nonlocal (sediment flux depends on factors other than local slope, such as the history of slopes experienced along a transport pathway) processes is currently unclear. Here, we develop a nonlocal, nonlinear SFM that incorporates slope bypass and long‐distance sediment transport, both of which have been previously identified as important model components but not thoroughly tested. Our model collapses to the local, linear model under certain parameterizations such that best‐fit parameter values can indicate optimal model structure. Comparing 2‐D implementations of both models against seven detailed seismic sections from the Southeast Atlantic Margin, we invert the stratigraphic data for best‐fit model parameter values and demonstrate that best‐fit parameterizations are not compatible with the local, linear diffusion model. Fitting observed stratigraphy requires parameter values consistent with important contributions from slope bypass and long‐distance transport processes. The nonlocal, nonlinear model yields improved fits to the data regardless of whether the model is compared against only the modern bathymetric surface or the full set of seismic reflectors identified in the data. Results suggest that processes of sediment bypass and long‐distance transport are required to model realistic passive margin stratigraphy and are therefore important to consider when inverting the stratigraphic record to infer past perturbations to source regions.
A phase I study comparing the pharmacokinetics of the biosimilar (RD12014) with liraglutide (Victoza) in healthy Chinese male subjects
Authors: Zhou Ruirui , Guo Linfeng , Gao Xianglei , Wang Yijun , Xu Wenjing , Zou Yang , Li Wenjia , Zhuang Yulei , Liu Gangyi , Liu Yanmei
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs), safety, and immunogenicity of the biosimilar (RD12014) compared to reference liraglutide (Victoza) in healthy Chinese male subjects, so as to provide the basis for the similarity evaluation of the two drugs. Eligible subjects were randomized 1:1 to two sequences (RD12014‐Victoza or Victoza‐RD12014). Subjects received a single 0.6 mg dose of Victoza or RD12014 by abdominal subcutaneous injection during the first period. After a 7‐day washout period, subjects received the alternative drug during the second period. Blood samples were collected at predefined timepoints for PKs and immunogenicity assessment. The primary PK end points were maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0−last). PK bioequivalence was achieved, if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratio (GMR) of Cmax and AUC0−last were within the range of 80.00–125.00%. Safety was assessed throughout the study. The 90% CIs of the GMR of RD12014 to Victoza for Cmax and AUC0−last were completely within the range of 80.00–125.00%. Thirteen treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 11 subjects (22.4%) in the RD12014 group, compared to 12 TRAEs reported in 12 subjects (24.5%) in the Victoza group. The blood samples of 49 subjects were negative for anti‐drug antibody and the neutralizing antibody was not further detected. This study demonstrated PK similarity of RD12014 to Victoza in healthy Chinese male subjects. Safety and immunogenicity profiles were comparable between the two groups.
Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time predicts poor short‐term prognosis in patients with acute pancreatitis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Yuping , Du Shenshen , Yuan Weinan , Kou Yanqi , Nie Biao
Published: July 2022

It is unclear whether activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is predictive of survival in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between APTT and short‐term prognosis in AP. From the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)‐IV database, a total of 844 patients with AP were randomly divided into the training cohort (n = 591) and the validation cohort (n = 253) at a ratio of 7:3. Based on their APTT values, the patients were divided into the normal and high groups. The primary outcome of this study was 30‐ and 60‐day survival. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models were used to analyze associations between groups and outcomes. The training and validation cohort matched well on all parameters (p > 0.05). In terms of 30‐ and 60‐day survival, Kaplan–Meier survival curves from both training and validation cohorts demonstrated a lower survival probability for patients in the high APTT group than the normal group (log‐rank p < 0.05). In the training cohort, patients in the high APTT group had a statistically significantly higher risk of death than those in the normal group after controlling for possible confounders in Cox regression (p < 0.05). For the high APTT group, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 1.63 (95% CI 1.10, 2.61, p = 0.035) and 1.49 (95% CI 1.01, 2.38, p = 0.041), respectively. APTT performed as well as BISAP, Ranson, and APACHE II models in predicting 30‐ and 60‐day survival in patients with AP. The results above have been verified in the validation cohort. Prolonged APTT in patients with AP may increase the risk of short‐term death.
Periodic cycles of seizure clustering and suppression in children with epilepsy strongly suggest focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Saito Yoshihiko , Sugai Kenji , Iwasaki Masaki , Atobe Mahito , Sato Noriko , Kakita Akiyoshi , Saito Yuko , Ohtsuki Taisuke , Sasaki Masayuki
Published: July 2022

Aim

We investigated characteristic seizure patterns in epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), which differ from epilepsy by other aetiologies in surgical cases with lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), then examined if these features were applicable to patients with epilepsy without any lesions on MRI.

Method

We retrospectively studied clinicopathological features in 291 (143 females) children with epilepsy who had undergone resective surgery after comprehensive evaluation, including 277 cases with lesions on MRI (136 females, age at resection 0–17 years [mean 6 years 10 months, SD 5 years 7 months]) and 14 cases without any lesions on MRI (seven females, age 0–16 years [mean 7 years 8 months, SD 4 years 8 months]).

Results

Among 277 patients with lesions on MRI, 87 cases exhibited recurrent periodic cycles of seizure clustering (≥5 seizures/day for ≥1 week) and suppression (no seizures for ≥1 week); of these, 80 cases (92%) were pathologically diagnosed with FCD. Other pathologies included glial scar, hippocampal sclerosis, hemimegalencephaly, and cortical tuber in three, two, one, and one case respectively. All 14 patients without any lesions on MRI had significant recurrent periodic seizure cycles and FCD histopathologically.

Interpretation

Periodic seizure cycles characterized by clustering and suppression in patients with epilepsy strongly suggest the presence of FCD regardless of MRI findings, and comprehensive evaluations for epilepsy surgery should be proceeded.
Implementation of International Prognostic Index with flow cytometry immunophenotyping for better risk stratification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Giudice Valentina , Serio Bianca , Bertolini Angela , Mettivier Laura , D'Alto Francesca , Pezzullo Luca , D'Addona Matteo , Fumo Rosalba , Zeppa Pio , Gorrese Marisa , Selleri Carmine
Published: July 2022

Background

Current chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) International Prognostic Index (IPI) stratifies patients based on clinical, molecular, and biochemical features; however, B‐cell markers also influence CLL outcomes. Here, prognostic roles of CD11c, CD38, and CD49d were first evaluated, and then an immunophenotypic score was combined with CLL‐IPI for risk stratification of CLL patients.

Methods

A total of 171 CLL subjects were included, and surface marker expression was assessed by flow cytometry. Levels ≥30% were chosen as cut‐off of positivity to a marker; then values of 1 (for CD11c and CD38) or 3 (for CD49d) were assigned and scores determined for each patient's clone immunophenotype.

Results

CD49d positivity was significantly associated with simultaneous expression of CD11c and/or CD38, unmutated IGHV status, and higher β2‐microglobulin levels compared to those with CD49d negativity. Moreover, CD49d+ patients experienced a shorter progression‐free survival and time to treatment. When the immunophenotypic score was combined with CLL‐IPI, patients with high‐risk immunophenotype had a significantly lower time‐to‐treatment regardless CLL‐IPI.

Conclusions

Our results suggested clinical utility of an integrated prognostic score for better risk stratification of CLL patients. These results require further validation in prospective larger studies.
Thromboprophylaxis for inpatient with advanced cancer receiving palliative care: A retrospective study
Authors: Al‐Ansari Ameena Mohammed , Abd‐El‐Gawad Wafaa Mostafa , AboSerea Sobhi Mostafa , Ali Ali Adli , Abdullah Maha Mohammed , Ali Fatma Abdel Shakor , ElShereafy Eman El Sayed , Bahnasy Mohamed Abd El Badie
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The benefits and risks of thromboprophylaxis usage in patients with advanced cancer at the end of their lives remain unknown, especially with the lack of randomized studies. This study aimed to describe the clinical use of thromboprophylaxis in those patients under palliative care.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study. It was performed on patients admitted to the Palliative Care Center.

Results

A total of 719 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 62.97 (13.65) years. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence was 5.4% (n = 39). At the time of admission, 31.29% (n = 225) of patients were on thromboprophylaxis. At death time, 17.5% (n = 126) of patients were on thromboprophylaxis (41.3% on primary and 58.7% on secondary thromboprophylaxis). The incidence of clinically suspected fatal VTE was 6.5% (n = 47). Surprisingly, clinically suspected VTE was higher statistically in patients with thromboprophylaxis rather than in non‐thromboprophylaxis (p < .001). By using linear regression, only higher PPI scores on admission were independent negative predictors of length of stay (OR:4.429, 95% CI: 5.460–3.398, p < .001). The development of clinically suspected fatal VTE, whatever the status of thromboprophylaxis, did not affect the length of stay.

Conclusions

Thromboprophylaxis does not decrease the risk of clinically suspected fatal VTE in patients with advanced disease in their terminal phase. Patients with poor performance status and a short prognosis are unlikely to benefit from thromboprophylaxis.
Isatuximab plus carfilzomib and dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma patients with high‐risk cytogenetics: IKEMA subgroup analysis
Authors: Spicka Ivan , Moreau Philippe , Martin Thomas G. , Facon Thierry , Martinez Gracia , Oriol Albert , Koh Youngil , Lim Andrew , Mikala Gabor , Rosiñol Laura , Yağci Münci , Cavo Michele , Risse Marie‐Laure , Asset Gaëlle , Macé Sandrine , van de Velde Helgi , Yong Kwee
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The presence of high‐risk chromosomal abnormalities [t(4;14), del(17p), and t(14;16)] has been linked with inferior outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). A prespecified interim analysis of the Phase 3 IKEMA study (NCT03275285) demonstrated that isatuximab (Isa) + carfilzomib (K) and dexamethasone (d; Isa‐Kd) significantly improved progression‐free survival (PFS) versus Kd in patients with relapsed MM. This prespecified subgroup analysis of IKEMA examined efficacy and safety in patients with high‐risk cytogenetics.

Methods

High‐risk cytogenetics was assessed by central laboratory and patients were classified as high risk if abnormalities were present in ≥1 of the following: del(17p): 50% cutoff; t(4;14), and/or t(14;16): 30% cutoff.

Results

Of the randomized patients, 23.5% (Isa‐Kd) and 25.2% (Kd) had ≥1 high‐risk chromosomal abnormality. A PFS benefit was seen in favor of Isa‐Kd for patients with standard‐risk (HR 0.440; 95% CI 0.266–0.728) and high‐risk cytogenetics (HR 0.724; 95% CI 0.361–1.451). Grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were more common with Isa‐Kd (85.7%) versus Kd (63.3%) in patients with high‐risk cytogenetics; however, the incidence of serious TEAEs (64.3% vs. 66.7%) was similar.

Conclusions

Isa‐Kd is a new treatment option for the difficult‐to‐treat subgroup of patients with relapsed MM and high‐risk cytogenetics.
Loss of LEF‐1 expression as a diagnostic indicator for extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma: An immunohistochemical study of 88 cases
Authors: Qiu Cen , Du Guangye
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is not a uniform entity but consists of various disease subtypes associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. Lymphoid enhancer binding factor‐1 (LEF‐1), a member of the T‐cell factor/LEF family of transcription factors, plays a significant role in NK‐cell and T‐cell development. We aimed to explore the expression of LEF‐1 in ENKTL and evaluate the applicability of LEF‐1 in the diagnosis of ENKTL.

Methods

The expression of LEF‐1 was investigated in tissue samples harvested from patients with ENKTL by immunohistochemistry.

Results

LEF‐1 staining was not observed in 85 of 88 ENKTL cases (97%). Eighty‐six of the 88 cases (98%) were positive for CD56, whereas all the tested cases were negative for both CD16 and CD27. Of the cytotoxic T‐cell‐like features studied, 81 cases (92%) were negative for CD8, 85 of 88 cases (97%) were immunoreactive for the recombinant linker for activation of T cells (LAT), all (100%) were immunoreactive for TIA‐1, 85 (97%) were immunoreactive for granzyme B and 65 (74%) were immunoreactive for perforin.

Conclusion

Loss of LEF‐1 expression is a highly specific diagnostic indicator of ENKTL.
Venetoclax induces deep and durable minimal residual disease‐negative remission in high‐risk TP53 disrupted B prolymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Chen Lucia Y. , Eyre Toby A.
Published: July 2022

B‐cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (B‐PLL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoproliferative disease with few clinically proven targeted treatments. Due to the rarity of the condition, there is a paucity of clinical trial data and none that involve targeted inhibitors. We present a unique case of relapsed refractory B‐PLL treated to a sustained minimal residual disease‐negative remission with venetoclax monotherapy, to add to the current evidence base and rationale for future studies using BCL‐2 inhibitors in B‐PLL.
Association of iron infusion reactions with ABO blood type
Authors: Butt Ayesha , Muradashvili Tinatin , Soliman Sara , Li Fangyong , Burns Adrienne J. , Brooks Andrea , Browning Sabrina , Bar Noffar , Borgman Gena , Goshua George , Hwa John , Martin Kelsey , Rinder Henry , Tormey Christopher , Pine Alexander B. , Bona Robert D. , Lee Alfred I. , Neparidze Natalia
Published: July 2022

Objectives

We sought to determine risk factors for iv iron infusion‐related reactions (IRR), and identify strategies for iron repletion after IRR.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients treated in the classical hematology clinic at Yale Cancer Center (n = 330 consecutive patients) from 2016 to 2021, who received iv ferumoxytol (60.3%), iron sucrose (14.8%), or iron dextran (10.9%).

Results

The iv iron IRR was noted in 58 (17.6%) patients, 62.1% of whom had previously tolerated iv iron. The severity of IRR was mild in 22, moderate in 23, and severe in 11 patients. Most (72.4%) patients who experienced IRR tolerated a subsequent iv iron infusion. On multivariable analysis, a history of non‐medication allergies was associated with greater odds of IRR (odds ratio [OR] 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–3.87, p = .01). No patients with type AB blood, and few with type A blood (n = 6), had IRR; compared to type A or AB together, patients with type B (OR 5.00, 95% CI: 1.56–16.06, p = .007) or type O (OR 3.71, 95% CI: 1.44–9.55, p = .007) blood had greater odds of IRR.

Conclusions

This study highlights a possible association of blood type with iv iron IRR; prospective studies with larger patient numbers are warranted to explore this association.
Clodronate detection and effects on markers of bone resorption are prolonged following a single administration to horses
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Finno Carrie J. , Katzman Scott , Ryan Declan , McKemie Daniel S. , Kass Philip H. , Arthur Rick M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Clodronate is a potent antiresorptive agent labelled for use in horses over 4 years of age, for the treatment of navicular syndrome. Concerns regarding the extra‐label use of clodronate in equine athletes, such as racehorses, have been raised as inhibition of osteoclast activity by clodronate has been postulated to interfere with normal bone healing, which is imperative to the repair of microfractures. The paucity of data describing the long‐term pharmacokinetics of clodronate and effects on biomarkers of bone resorption necessitates further study.

Objectives

(1) To determine clodronate concentrations in blood and urine over a 6‐month period in horses undergoing treadmill exercise and (2) to assess the effects of clodronate on protein biomarkers of bone remodelling in this same group of horses.

Study design

Randomised controlled experimental study.

Methods

Seven exercised Thoroughbred horses received a single im administration of 1.8 mg/kg clodronate and four horses received an equivalent volume of saline. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to, during and for 182 days post drug administration for drug concentration determination using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and determination of protein biomarker (CTX‐1 and TRAcP5B) concentrations.

Results

Clodronate was detectable in blood for 14–175 days and for up to 175 days in urine. For some horses, concentrations were nondetectable at one time point but detectable at a subsequent time point. The terminal serum half‐life ranged from 1.80 to 283.9 days. CTX‐1 concentrations were significantly higher, relative to baseline, in both treated and control groups while concentrations of TRAcP5B were significantly lower in the treated group.

Main limitations

Relatively small number of horses studied.

Conclusions

Based on assessment of protein biomarkers, clodronate appears to influence osteoclasts at label doses. Furthermore, results of this study support racing regulations that preclude horses administered bisphosphonates for medical reasons, from racing for a prolonged period of time.
Will climate change cause the global peatland to expand or contract? Evidence from the habitat shift pattern of Sphagnum mosses
Authors: Ma Xiao‐Ying , Xu Hao , Cao Zi‐Yin , Shu Lei , Zhu Rui‐Liang
Published: July 2022

Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Sphagnum mosses (peat mosses) are considered to be the peatland ecosystem engineers and contribute to the carbon accumulation in the peatland ecosystems. As cold‐adapted species, the dominance of Sphagnum mosses in peatlands will be threatened by climate warming. The response of Sphagnum mosses to climate change is closely related to the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. However, the impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of Sphagnum mosses on a global scale is poorly understood. To predict the potential impact of climate change on the global distribution of Sphagnum mosses, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential geographic distribution of six Sphagnum species that dominate peatlands in the future (2050 and 2070) under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5). The results show that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, and topsoil calcium carbonate are the main factors affecting the habitat availability of Sphagnum mosses. As the climate warms, Sphagnum mosses tend to migrate northward. The suitable habitat and abundance of Sphagnum mosses increase extensively in the high‐latitude boreal peatland (north of 50°N) and decrease on a large scale beyond the high‐latitude boreal peatland. The southern edge of boreal peatlands would experience the greatest decline in the suitable habitat and richness of Sphagnum mosses with the temperature rising and would be a risk area for the transition from carbon sink to carbon source. The spatial–temporal pattern changes of Sphagnum mosses simulated in this study provide a reference for the development of management and conservation strategies for Sphagnum bogs.
Climatic and edaphic‐based predictors of normalized difference vegetation index in tropical dry landscapes: A pantropical analysis
Authors: de la Peña‐Domene Marinés , Tapia Gerardo Rodríguez , Mesa‐Sierra Natalia , Rivero‐Villar Anaitzi , Giardina Christian P. , Johnson Nels G. , Campo Julio
Published: July 2022

Aim

Spatial patterns in resource supply drive variability in vegetation structure and function, yet quantification of this variability for tropical dry forests (TDFs) remains rudimentary. Several climate‐driven indices have been developed to classify and delineate TDFs globally, but there has not been a climo‐edaphic synthesis of these indices to assess and delineate the extent of TDFs. A statistical climo‐edaphic synthesis of these indices is therefore required.

Location

Pantropical.

Time period

Modern.

Major taxa studied

Vascular plants.

Methods

We assembled most known prior descriptions of TDFs into a single data layer and assessed statistically how the TDF biome, which we call tropical dry landscapes (TDLs) composed of forest and non‐forest vegetation, varied with respect to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensed by MODIS (250 m pixel resolution). We examined how the NDVI varied with respect to mean annual temperature (MAT) and rainfall (MAR), precipitation regime, evapotranspiration and the physical, chemical and biological properties of TDL soils.

Results

Overall, the NDVI varied widely across TDLs, and we were able to identify five principal NDVI categories. A regression tree model captured 90% of NDVI variation across TDLs, with 14 climate and soil metrics as predictors. The model was then pruned to use only the three strongest metrics. These included the Lang aridity index, total evapotranspiration (ET) and MAT, which aligned with identified NDVI thresholds and accounted for 70% of the variation in NDVI. We found that across a global TDL distribution, ET was the strongest positive predictor and MAT the strongest negative predictor of the NDVI.

Main conclusions

The remote sensing‐based approach described here provides a comprehensive and quantitative biogeographical characterization of global TDL occurrence and the climatic and edaphic drivers of these landscapes.
Implication of diet and exercise on the management of age‐related sarcopenic obesity in Asians
Authors: Kim Yoon Jung , Moon Shinje , Yu Jae Myung , Chung Hye Soo
Published: July 2022

The incidence of sarcopenic obesity among adults aged ≥65 years is rising worldwide. Sarcopenic obesity is a high‐risk geriatric syndrome defined as a gain in the amount of adipose tissue along with the age‐related loss of muscle mass and strength or physical performance. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with increased risks of falls, physical limitations, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and/or mortality. Thus, the identification of preventive and treatment strategies against sarcopenic obesity is important for healthy aging. Diet and exercise are the reasons for the development of sarcopenic obesity and are key targets in its prevention and treatment. Regarding weight reduction alone, it is most effective to maintain a negative energy balance with dietary calorie restriction and aerobic exercise. However, it is important to preserve skeletal muscle mass while reducing fat mass. Resistance exercise and appropriate protein supply are the main ways of preserving skeletal muscle mass, as well as muscle function. Therefore, in order to improve sarcopenic obesity, a complex treatment strategy is needed to limit energy ingestion with proper nutrition and to increase multimodal exercises. In this review, we focus on recently updated interventions for diet and exercise and potential future management strategies for Asian individuals with aging‐related sarcopenic obesity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 695–704.
Validation of the Clinical Frailty Scale version 2.0 in Turkish older patients
Authors: Aşık Zeynep , Kılınç Şule , Kurşun Özge , Özen Mehmet
Published: July 2022

Aim

Frailty is a syndrome that affects certain older adults more than others, and it has physical, cognitive, psychological, social and environmental aspects. The aim of our study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) version 2.0 in Turkish. In total, 204 older adults aged ≥65 years took part in this study.

Methods

The necessary permissions were obtained from Rockwood et al. The Turkish version of CFS version 2.0 had been appropriately translated through translation to the back‐translation process. A questionnaire was used to investigate certain descriptive features, as well as the newly edited Turkish translation of CFS version 2.0, the Turkish version of the FRAIL Scale and the Turkish version of the Edmonton Frail Scale.

Results

The age range was 65–95 years. In a Pearson correlation analysis, a positive link was discovered between FRAIL and CFS (r = 0.761 and P = 0.000) as well as CFS and Edmonton (r = 0.895 and P = 0.000).

Conclusion

The Turkish translation of CFS version 2.0 has been determined to be suitable, valid and reliable for use in frailty screening in outpatient clinics. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 730–735.
Potential negative effect of total parenteral nutrition on the human circadian clock
Authors: Tatsumoto Muneto , Matsumura Ritsuko , Endo Takuyuki , Tokuda Isao T. , Node Koichi , Akashi Makoto
Published: July 2022

When patients cannot eat on their own, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a clinically beneficial method of maintaining nutrition. However, many animal studies have demonstrated that circadian rhythms are strongly affected by feeding time, raising the concern that continuous TPN around the clock may have an unexpected negative impact on the circadian clock of patients. To investigate this concern, we compared clock gene expression of aged subjects with or without TPN using hair follicle cells and found that while none of the non‐TPN subjects showed any obvious defects in circadian rhythms of peripheral clock gene expression, a portion of aged subjects receiving continuous TPN showed abnormal circadian rhythms in peripheral clocks. Continuous TPN around the clock may therefore potentially perturb peripheral circadian rhythms, giving rise to the proposal that TPN needs to be administered with consideration to time factors.
Effect of different MgFe2O4 contents on 3D gel‐printed porous TCP–MgFe2O4 composite scaffolds
Authors: Wu Jialei , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Siqi , Han Lu , Duan Jing , Lin Tao , Peng Jiang , Shao Huiping
Published: July 2022

Magnetic materials have shown significant influence in the process of bone regeneration. In order to combine the bone repairing capability of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramic with magnetic material, porous TCP–MgFe2O4 composite scaffolds were successfully prepared by three‐dimensional (3D) gel‐printing technology, and the effect of different MgFe2O4 contents on TCP–MgFe2O4 composite scaffolds was studied. The viscosity of printing slurry prepared with polyvinyl alcohol as binder decreased with the increase of shear rate, showing shear thinning. Results show that following with MgFe2O4 content increasing from 30 to 70 wt%, the compressive strength of the composite scaffolds increased from 8.45 to 10.58 MPa, the saturation magnetization increased from 3.07 to 7.20 emu/g, and the weight loss rate of degradation in vitro increased from 1.83% to 2.1% after 4 weeks, respectively. Live and dead staining shows that MC3T3‐E1 cells had better proliferation on TCP–MgFe2O4 composite scaffolds than TCP scaffolds. Compared with pure TCP scaffolds, the addition of MgFe2O4 improves the comprehensive performance of scaffolds and meets the application requirements of bone repairing.
Dry sliding wear analysis of vacuum die‐casted hybrid aluminum nanocomposites using the DOE Taguchi method
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Goyal Khushdeep , Bhandari Deepak
Published: July 2022

This study focuses on the impact of wear process parameters on the sliding wear behavior of titanium oxide (TiO2) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) reinforced pure aluminum (Al) hybrid nanocomposites. The optimization of wear test parameters for hybrid aluminum matrix nanocomposites (HAMNCs) was examined with the design of experiments Taguchi method. The HAMNCs were manufactured by a vacuum die casting technique using a unique double‐layer feeding method. Initially, mechanical characterization as tensile and hardness of HAMNC samples was performed to identify the optimum reinforcement. The nanocomposites at 5‐wt.% TiO2 + 5‐wt.% Y2O3 (HAMNC1) showed excellent tensile strength and microhardness of 127.6 MPa and 75.43 BHN, respectively, than the other configurations of HAMNCs. The three levels of machine process parameters as load at 5, 10, 15 N, sliding velocity at .5, 1, 1.5 m/s and sliding distance at 200, 400, and 600 m are selected to identify optimum process parameters of HAMNC1 that possess ultimate wear properties. The results derived from optimization were further predicted using ANOVA and regression equations for individual influences. The improved grain size observed in the wear surface morphology of HAMNC1 was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy.
Martian regolith—Ti6Al4V composites via additive manufacturing
Authors: Afrouzian Ali , Traxel Kellen D. , Bandyopadhyay Amit
Published: July 2022

In order to investigate the in‐space in situ resource utilization, directed energy deposition (DED)‐based additive manufacturing (AM) has been utilized to process Martian regolith—Ti6Al4V (Ti64) composites. Here we investigated the processability of depositing 5, 10, and 100 wt% of Martian regolith premixed with Ti6Al4V using laser‐based DED, analyzing the printed structure via X‐ray diffraction, Vicker's microhardness, scanning electron microscopic imaging, and wear characteristics utilizing an abrasive water jet cutter to simulate abrasive environments on the Martian surface. The results indicate that the surface roughness and hardness of the composites increase with respect to the Martian regolith’ weight percentage due to in situ ceramic reinforcement. For instance, i5‐wt% addition of Martian regolith increased the Vicker's microhardness from 366 ± 6 HV0.2 for as‐printed Ti64 to 730 ± 27 HV0.2 while maintaining similar abrasive wear performance as Ti6Al4V. The results point toward laser‐based AM for fabricating Ti64—Martian regolith composites with comparable properties. The study also reveals promising results in limiting the mass burden for future space missions, resulting in cheaper and easier launches.
Bandgap and electronic structure of CaSiN2: Experiment and theory
Authors: de Boer Tristan , Boyko Teak D. , Braun Cordula , Schnick Wolfgang , Moewes Alexander
Published: July 2022

We interrogate the electronic properties of the nitridosilicate CaSiN2 as determined using soft X‐ray absorption and emission spectroscopy, which probe directly the partial electronic density of states. We compare our measurements to full potential, all electron density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Good agreement between experiment and theory is obtained, and the electronic bandgap of CaSiN2 is determined to be 3.95 ± 0.3 eV, in contrast with our predicted value of 4.78 eV that was calculated using the modified Becke–Johnson exchange‐correlation functional with the DFT framework.
Green emitting β$\ubeta$‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors derived from chemically modified perhydropolysilazanes
Authors: Gao Yang , Iwasaki Ryo , Hamana Daiki , Iihama Junya , Honda Sawao , Kumari Munni , Hayakawa Tomokatsu , Bernard Samuel , Thomas Philippe , Iwamoto Yuji
Published: July 2022

We report the first synthesis of β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors from single‐source precursors, perhydropolysilazane (PHPS), chemically modified with Al(OCH(CH3)2)3, and EuCl2. The reactions occurring during the precursor synthesis and the subsequent thermal conversion of polymeric precursors into β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors have been studied by a complementary set of analytical techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It has been clearly established that Al(OCH(CH3)2)3 immediately reacted with PHPS to afford N–Al bonds at room temperature, whereas N–Eu bond formation was suggested to proceed above 600°C accompanied by the elimination of HCl up to 1000°C in flowing N2. The subsequent 1800°C‐heat treatment for 1 h under an N2 gas pressure at 980 kPa allowed converting the single‐source precursors into fine‐grained β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors. XRD analysis revealed that the Al/Si of .09 was the critical atomic ratio in the precursor synthesis to afford single‐phase β‐SiAlON (z = .55). Moreover, Eu2+‐doping was found to efficiently reduce the carbon impurity in the host β‐SiAlON. The polymer‐derived β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors exhibited green emission under excitation at 460 nm and achieved the highest green emission intensity at the critical dopant Eu2+ concentration at 1.48 at%.
High‐temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites
Authors: Yang Xiang , Wen Zhang , Kun Chen , Yong‐kang Li , Zhi‐hang Peng , Chen‐cheng Sun , Wen‐jun Wu , Jian‐hui Cao
Published: July 2022

Continuous alumina fiber–reinforced alumina matrix composites (Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites) were produced via sol–gel process, then the high‐temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites were investigated. The results showed that the composites exhibited excellent high‐temperature properties. The mechanical property of the composites was affected by heat treatment (prepared at 1100°C exhibited the most desirable mechanical property). The tensile strength of the composites abruptly decreased at higher temperatures. Although the mechanical property of the composites deteriorated after the thermal shock test was conducted at high temperatures, they exhibited excellent thermal shock resistance. After 50 thermal shock tests conducted at 1300 and 1500°C, the flexural strength of the composites was found to be 124.34 and 93.04 MPa, thus showing a decrease in strength with the increasing temperature.
Kinetics of crack healing and self‐repair behaviors in a sealant glass for SOFC applications
Authors: Rao Padmanapan , Singh Raj N.
Published: July 2022

A sealant is required for the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to maintain hermeticity at high operating temperatures, keep fuel and oxidant from mixing, and avoid shorting of the cell stack. Glass and glass–ceramic materials are widely used as a sealant because their properties can be tailored to meet the stringent requirements of SOFC stack, but they are susceptible to cracking. In contrast, a promising concept of self‐repairable glass for seals is pursued for making reliable seals that can self‐repair cracks at the SOFC operating temperatures. This concept is studied through measuring crack‐healing kinetics and independent measurement of glass viscosity for relating to the observed self‐repair. The cracks on the glass surface are created using a Vickers indenter to achieve a well‐defined crack geometry, and then the glass is exposed to elevated temperatures for different length of times to study the crack‐healing kinetics. The crack‐healing kinetics is compared with the predictions of our theoretical model and found to be in good agreement. In addition, glass viscosity is extracted from the healing kinetics and compared with the independent measurement of viscosity measured from the dilatometry and sintering data to further validate the crack‐healing theoretical model. These results are presented and discussed.
Properties of CNTs‐modified lead‐free BCTS ceramic–Portland fly ash cement composites
Authors: Potong Ruamporn , Rianyoi Rattiyakorn , Chaipanich Arnon
Published: July 2022

Fly ash (FA) is widely used as a supplementary cementitious material in the production of Portland cement concrete. The effect of addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and FA on the properties of barium calcium stannate titanate (BCTS) ceramic–Portland FA cement composites was investigated. These composites have potential for use as sensors and transducers in the monitoring of structural health in concrete structures containing FA. CNTs were found to have filled the pores of the composites. All composites showed good compatibility with the concrete mix. The dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of composites were in the range 200–257 and 1.04 × 10–6 to 1.66 × 10−6 S/m, respectively. The presence of FA in composites increased the piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33). Adding CNTs increased the piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33), thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient (Kt), and also g33 but decreased mechanical quality factor (Qm), which is related to good for the receiving sensor and transducer application. CNTs can improve the properties of these composites and composite with FA content at 10 vol.%, and CNTs at 1 vol.% exhibited the highest compressive strength and piezoelectric values (d33 = 44 pC/N, g33 = 20.21×10–3 V m/N, and Kt = 18.9%), along with higher g33 values, than pure BCTS ceramic.
Effect of particle size on physical, techno‐functional and antioxidant properties of corn silk powder
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Rasane Prasad , Kumar Vikas , Nanda Vikas
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of particle size dispersion of corn silk on physical, techno‐functional and antioxidant properties. Corn silk (variety: G5417) was processed into size fractions of 750, 425, 300, 212, 150 and 75 μm and were characterised. The average particle size of the soluble fraction was found to be 364.4 d.nm. The particle size distribution of corn silk powder was found to have a substantial impact on different physical parameters. The results showed a significant decrease in (0.595 ± 0.02 g cm−3) to 300 m (0.420 ± 0.02 g cm−3) and for tapped density, values decreased from 0.725 ± 0.04 (750 μm) to 0.580 ± 0.02 g cm−3 (75 μm). The corn silk powder showed intermediate flow with the values of Carr's index from 1.21±  0.03% to 1.48 ± 0.17% and Hausner ratio 17.83 ± 2.68% to 33.63 ± 0.42%, respectively, from coarser to finer particles. The water absorption capacity increased significantly and oil absorption capacity decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from coarser to finer particles. The antioxidant activity increased significantly when the particle size was reduced. The results obtained showed that corn silk powder has the potential to be used for the development of instant mixes, infant food formulas, bakery food items and value‐added products.
Efficacy of ultrasound monitoring during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: A multi‐institutional propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Isogai Masahiko , Hamamoto Shuzo , Kawase Kengo , Okada Tomoki , Hattori Tatsuya , Chaya Ryosuke , Hamakawa Takashi , Sugino Teruaki , Taguchi Kazumi , Umemoto Yukihiro , Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound‐assisted monitoring during shock wave lithotripsy for kidney and proximal ureteral calculi.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 535 patients who initially underwent shock wave lithotripsy for renal or proximal ureteral calculi between January 2012 and December 2021. The patients were divided into the X‐ray group (n = 294) and ultrasound plus X‐ray group (n = 241) based on the methods of targeting and monitoring calculi during shock wave lithotripsy. Because of differences in patient backgrounds, 1:1 propensity score‐based matching was performed. The primary endpoint was the stone‐free rate.

Results

In the final 1:1 matched cohort, 192 kidney stone cases and 162 proximal ureteral stone cases were analyzed. For patients with kidney calculi, the stone‐free rate of the ultrasound plus X‐ray group was significantly higher than that of the X‐ray group (66.7% vs. 47.9%; P = 0.013). In the multivariate analysis, a large stone area (odds ratio 2.37), lower caliceal stones (odds ratio 3.37), and X‐ray monitoring alone (odds ratio 0.49) were independently associated with shock wave lithotripsy failure. For patients with proximal ureteral stones, there was no significant difference in the stone‐free rate between the ultrasound plus X‐ray group and X‐ray group (71.6% and 58.0%, respectively; P = 0.100). During the multivariate analysis, high computed tomography attenuation (odds ratio 2.31) and large stone area (odds ratio 2.18) were independent factors associated with residual stones after shock wave lithotripsy.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐assisted monitoring may contribute to a higher stone‐free rate for patients with kidney calculi, but not for those with proximal ureteral calculi.