bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La rénovation urbaine, entre délogement et relogement. Les effets sociaux de l’éviction
Authors: Deboulet Agnès , Lafaye Claudette
Published: May 2018

Alors que le Programme national pour la rénovation urbaine est souvent analysé, en France, à travers le prisme des politiques de relogement et de mixité sociale, cet article se focalise sur les effets sociaux d’un processus qui inclut le délogement des locataires et la démolition des immeubles de logement social dans lesquels ils résident. À partir d’une enquête par questionnaires et entretiens, réalisée auprès de la population relogée d’une tour d’habitation située dans un grand ensemble d’Île-de-France, l’article montre que, même balisé par des garanties de relogement dans la commune, le délogement est un processus d’éviction dont les traces demeurent prégnantes bien après que les locataires aient intégré un nouveau logement social. En effet, à la différence des procédures d’expulsion qui, en France, se fondent sur l’illégalisme de la situation résidentielle, l’éviction concerne des résidents en titre, privés de leur droit à résider en raison d’une rationalité exogène. Après s’être intéressé aux éléments de fabrication de l’insécurité résidentielle, l’article en explore les différentes conséquences dans le temps en croisant la perte de la protection résidentielle avec les éléments qui fabriquent de l’attachement. Il examine également les modalités du détachement progressif du précédent lieu de vie en soulignant sa dimension expérientielle nouvelle et la façon dont elle est surmontée par les ménages.
Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 activates intestinal stem cells in a rodent model
Authors: Athiyyah A.F. , Darma A. , Ranuh R. , Riawan W. , Endaryanto A. , Rantam F.A. , Surono I.S. , Sudarmo S.M.
Published: May 2018

This study investigated the probiotic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 in activating and regenerating leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor (Lgr)5- and B lymphoma Moloney murine leukaemia virus insertion region (Bmi)1-expressing intestinal stem cells in rodents following Escherichia coli serotype 055:B5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=64) were randomised into control (KN), LPS (KL), probiotic + LPS (KL-Pr), and sequential probiotic + LPS + probiotic (KPR-7L) groups. Microencapsulated L. plantarum IS-10506 (2.86×1010 cfu/day) was administered via a gastric tube once daily for up to 7 days, and LPS (250 ng/kg body weight) was administered via a gastric tube on the first day of the experiment to all but the KN group. On day 3, 4, 6, and 7, four rats per group were sacrificed, and Lgr5, Bmi1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and β-catenin expression in the ileum was assessed by immunohistochemistry. LPS treatment reduced Lgr5 (P≤0.05) and Bmi1 (P=0.000) levels in intestinal epithelial cells, whereas probiotic treatment increased levels of Lgr5 (KPR-7L, P=0.008) and Bmi1 (KL-Pr, P=0.008; and KPR-7L, P=0.000). Lgr5 expression was upregulated in the KL-Pr group on day 3, 4, 6, and 7 (P=0.056). Additionally, ERK levels were elevated in Bmi1- and Lgr5-expressing cells in rats treated with probiotics (KL-Pr and KPR-7L), whereas β-catenin levels were increased in Lgr5-expressing cells from KPR-7L rats and in Bmi1-expressing cells from KL-Pr and KPR-7L rats on day 3 and 4. These results demonstrated that the probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 activated intestinal stem cells to counter inflammation and might be useful for maintaining intestinal health, especially when used as a prophylactic agent.
Exopolysaccharide from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 35624™ modulates murine allergic airway responses
Authors: Schiavi E. , Plattner S. , Rodriguez-Perez N. , Barcik W. , Frei R. , Ferstl R. , Kurnik-Lucka M. , Groeger D. , Grant R. , Roper J. , Altmann F. , van Sinderen D. , Akdis C.A. , O’Mahony L.
Published: May 2018

Interactions between the host and the microbiota are thought to significantly influence immunological tolerance mechanisms at mucosal sites. We recently described that the loss of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) fromBifidobacterium longum35624™ eliminated its protective effects in colitis and respiratory allergy murine models. Our goal was to investigate the immune response to purified EPS fromB. longum35624, determine if it has protective effects within the lung and identify the protective mechanisms. Isolated EPS fromB. longum35624 cultures was used forin vitro, ex vivoandin vivostudies. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) were used to investigatein vitroimmunological responses to EPS. Cytokine secretion, expression of surface markers and signalling pathways were examined. The ovalbumin (OVA) respiratory allergy murine model was used to evaluate thein vivoimmunomodulatory potential of EPS. In addition, interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mice and anti-Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 blocking antibody were used to examine the underlying protective mechanisms of intranasal EPS administration. Stimulation of human MDDCs with EPS resulted in IL-10 secretion, but not proinflammatory cytokines. IL-10 secretion was TLR-2-dependent. Eosinophil recruitment to the lungs was significantly decreased by EPS intranasal exposure, which was associated with decreased expression of the Th2-associated markers C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), IL-4 and IL-13. TLR-2-mediated IL-10 secretion was shown to be required for the reduction in eosinophils and Th2 cytokines. EPS-treatment reduced eosinophil recruitment within the lung in a respiratory inflammation mouse model, which is both TLR-2 and IL-10 mediated. EPS can be considered as a novel molecule potentially reducing the severity of chronic eosinophil-related airway disorders.
A retrospective case control study to investigate race level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish point-to-point races
Authors: Smith L.J. , Tabor G. , Williams J.
Published: May 2018

Horseracing as a high-risk sport can pose a significant risk to equine welfare. To date no epidemiological reviews of fall risk in horseracing have investigated the risks specific to point-to-point (PTP) racing. This study aimed to identify the main race level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish PTP and to compare these to published findings for hurdle and steeplechase racing. The study used a retrospective case-control design. Relevant variables were identified and information was collated for all PTP races in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. Race-level variables were analysed through univariable analysis to inform multivariable model building. A final multivariable logistic regression model was refined, using fall/no fall as the dependent variable, through a backward stepwise process with variables retained if likelihood ratio test P-values were <0.05. During the study period 1,358 PTP races were recorded, 727 races (54%) included at least one horse fall. The fall frequency noted during the current study was 88/1000 starts. Race category impacted the odds of a fall occurring with all categories of maiden races having increased odds of falls compared to open races. Maiden races for 6 year olds and 6 and 7 year olds had the greatest chance of falling with 6.9 times increased odds. The chance of a race containing a fall increased 38% for each additional runner and was reduced by 25% for every horse that pulled up during the race. Using a larger data set could enable further sub-models to be developed. In the current study some of the variables had a low number of cases and/or controls which limited the analysis. Retrospective analysis of fall risk exposed some risk factors that have been previously identified in hurdle and steeplechase racing. The variables identified could inform future research and interventions aimed at improving horse and jockey safety whilst racing.
La condensación del saber cultural en la España del siglo VII: Los «inventores de las letras» en la Ars grammatica de Julián de Toledo
Authors: Denecker Tim
Published: May 2018

La Ars grammatica que se atribuye a Julián de Toledo incluye dos párrafos (II 1.3–4) sobre los inventores de los respectivos alfabetos que desempeñaron un papel importante en las civilizaciones «letradas» en el ámbito del Mediterráneo. En estos dos párrafos la información viene presentada en primer lugar bajo forma de preguntas y respuestas, después se da un exemplum poético. El segundo exemplum reproduce el carmen 39 del maestro de Julián, Eugenio II de Toledo, este último texto basándose en la síntesis de erudición «pagana» y cristiana realizada por Isidoro de Sevilla. La presente contribución reconstruye el proceso de condensación y codificación que condujo a los párrafos pertinentes dentro de la Ars grammatica de Julián de Toledo, y destaca conclusiones respecto al ambiente intelectual de la España del siglo VII.
Les professeurs allemands et l’interdiction du droit de grève : l’exemple de la limitation d’une liberté fondamentale dans l’ordre interne d’un Etat
Authors: Roland Églantine
Published: May 2018

En Allemagne, les professeurs, fonctionnaires, n‘ont pas le droit de faire grève. La Cour constitutionnelle fédérale allemande s‘attache à déterminer si cette interdiction va à l’encontre de la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme, et surtout quelles conséquences tirer en cas de violation du droit européen. Cette affaire pointe une différence de conception du droit de grève en France et en Allemagne, et met en question les limites de l’encadrement d’une liberté fondamentale.
Preparation and Investigation of Tm3+- Doped Li3Gd3Te2O12 Blue-Emitting Phosphor
Authors: Deng Bin , Zhou Chong Song , Liu Hui , Chen Jun
Published: May 2018

A novel blue-emitting phosphor, Li3Gd3Te2O12:Tm3+ for white light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs) was prepared by solid-state synthesis and its structure and luminescence properties were investigated. This phosphor shows a satisfactory blue performance (peak at 458 nm) due to the 1D2 → 3F4 transition of Tm3+ excited by 361 nm light. Investigation of Tm3+ content dependent emission spectra indicates that x = 0.03 is the optimum doping content of Tm3+ ions in the Li3Gd3Te2O12 host. The critical distance and the concentration quenching mechanism were also investigated. In particular, the color purity of as-prepared sample is close to that of the commercial blue phosphor BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (BAM:Eu2+). The present work suggests that the Li3Gd3Te2O12:Tm3+ phosphor is a potential blue-emitting candidate for the application in the near-UV WLEDs.
Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Rolled Ultra-High Strength Ferrite-Bainite Dual Phase Steel
Authors: Li Zhuang , Lv Wei
Published: May 2018

Effects of thermo-mechanical control processing (TMCP) on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled ultra-high strength ferrite-bainite dual phase steel were investigated on a laboratory hot rolling mill. The results have shown that the microstructure containing ferrite and bainite can be obtained by TMCP. Ultimate tensile strength of all the specimens exceeded 1000MPa. Finish rolling temperatures affect the mechanical properties of ultra-high strength ferrite-bainite dual phase steel. Ultimate tensile strength reached 1078MPa at relatively low finish rolling temperature because of the ferrite grains refined. Fast cooling after low temperature rolling results in the ferrite grains refined and the formation of martensite islands. As a result, the product of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation (Rm×A50) of specimen 4 with fast cooling after low temperature rolling reaches the maximum value (18096MPa%).
Study of Rust Layer of TRIP Steels in Marine Environments
Authors: Li Zhuang , Lv Wei
Published: May 2018

The rust layer plays an important role in the corrosion of TRIP steels in marine environments. In this paper, salt spray tests were conducted in laboratory for the specimens after two-stage heat treatment. The results have shown that the corrosion performance of steel B is higher than that of steel A. The corrosion products in rust layer were a complex mixture of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, Fe3O4and γ-Fe2O3after the salt spray tests. The contents of α-FeOOH in rust layer are more than those of γ-FeOOH in steel B. Steel B exhibits compact rust layers. This is attributed to the fact that alloying elements such as Ni, Cr, Cu and Mo can enrich at the rust layer/substrate interface. Therefore, the corrosion performance of steel B was improved.
Decomposition of Ethanethiol by a Corona Radical Injection System
Authors: Li Zhan Guo , Zhao Hong Jie
Published: May 2018

The decomposition of ethanethiol by a corona radical injection system, using water vapor and O3as radical source, was investigated. It is found that only 83.6% of ethanethiol can be decomposed in dry air flow with relative humidity of 13.4%. A proper quantity of water vapor injection can improve the decomposition efficiency, but which is not always increased. The maximum decomposition efficiency of 99.1% can be obtained in wet air flow with relative humidity of 74.7%. 97.6% of ethanethiol can be decomposed when the relative humidity of gas flow is 51.6%, but it is found that only 76.3% of element sulfur is converted to SO2, based on sulfur balance. However, the conversion efficiency of sulfur to SO2increases obviously with the increasing of O3injection. The decomposition efficiency of ethanethiol and conversion efficiency of sulfur to SO2can reach 99.8% and 95.3% respectively, when O3is injected into the reactor by high voltage electrode tubes with concentration of 1 g/m3 and flow rate of 300 L/h. The decomposition products are SO2, CO2and H2O, while no organic product is found, based on which the decomposition mechanism is discussed. The weakest chemical bond C-S in ethanethiol molecule is firstly decomposed to ·SH and ·C2H5radicals. ·SH can be oxidized to elemental sulfur and SO2, and ·C2H5is oxidized to CO2and H2O.
Fabrication, Morphology and Properties of Polyimide/Al2O3 Nanocomposite Films via Surface Modification and Ion-Exchange Technique
Authors: Zhang Ming Yu , Liu Li Zhu , Hui K.S.
Published: May 2018

Polyimide films with Al2O3composite layers were prepared by KOH solution surface hydrolysis, ion exchange and heat treatment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), breakdown voltage tester, high frequency pulse voltage machine were performed to characterize the micromorphology, thermal stability, mechanical properties, electric breakdown strength, and corona resistance time of composite films. Results indicated that the thermal properties of the composite film are better than the original film. The corona resistance time of the composite film was longer than that of the pristine film. The composite film had the longest corona resistance time and reached 101.2min while the KOH treatment time was 90min.
Functional and Immunoreactive Levels of IgG4 Correlate with Clinical Responses during the Maintenance Phase of House Dust Mite Immunotherapy
Authors: Feng Mulin , Su Qiujuan , Lai Xuxin , Xian Mo , Shi Xu , Wurtzen Peter Adler , Qin Rundong , Zeng Xiaohui , Li Jing
Published: May 2018

Allergen-specific immunotherapy for house dust mite allergy is effective, but there are no validated biomarkers reflecting or predicting the clinical efficacy. We aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical outcomes and functional responses of allergen-specific IgG4 (sIgG4) and specific IgE (sIgE) during Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus s.c. allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) in allergic rhinitis and/or asthma patients. Combined symptom medication scores (SMS), D. pteronyssinus–sIgG4 levels, D. pteronyssinus–sIgE levels, and the serum inhibitory capacity against D. pteronyssinus–sIgE facilitated allergen binding to B cells (IgE-FAB) were determined during the updosing (week 0, 4, 12, and 16) and maintenance (week 52, 104, and 156) phase of SCIT. We found that SCIT patients had a significant improvement in SMS from week 52 to 156 compared with medication-treated control subjects (p < 0.05). Levels of D. pteronyssinus–sIgG4 in SCIT patients showed a significant increase from week 12 to 156 (p < 0.05). Serum obtained from SCIT patients significantly inhibited D. pteronyssinus–sIgE binding to B cells after 16 wk (p < 0.01). Significantly lower levels of D. pteronyssinus–sIgE were observed in SCIT patients after 52 wk (p < 0.05). A significant relationship was demonstrated between SMS and IgE-FAB or D. pteronyssinus–sIgG4 during the maintenance phase according to linear regression analysis. In conclusion, D. pteronyssinus–sIgG4 level and D. pteronyssinus IgE-FAB are associated with clinical efficacy in the maintenance phase rather than the updosing phase of SCIT. Immunologic tolerance can be induced with SCIT when maintenance phase is achieved.
Abrogation of Lupus Nephritis in Somatic Hypermutation–Deficient B6.MRL-Faslpr/J Mice
Authors: Hao Fengqi , Tian Miaomiao , Feng Yunpeng , Quan Chao , Chen Yixi , Chen Shuai , Wei Min
Published: May 2018

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease posing threats to multiple organs in the human body. As a typical manifestation of SLE, lupus nephritis is characterized by a series of pathological changes in glomerulus as well as accumulation of pathogenic autoreactive IgG with complement in the kidney that dramatically disrupts renal functions. Activation-induced deaminase (AID), which governs both somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR), has been shown to be essential for the regulation of SLE. However, the relative contributions of SHM and CSR to SLE pathology have not been determined. Based on the available AIDG23S mice, we successfully established an B6.AIDG23SMRL-Faslpr/J mouse model, in which SHM is specifically abolished, although CSR is largely unaffected. We found that the abrogation of SHM effectively alleviated SLE-associated histopathological alterations, such as expansion of the mesangial matrix and thickening of the basement membrane of Bowman’s capsule as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells. Compared with SLE mice, B6.AIDG23SMRL-Faslpr/J mice exhibited decreased proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, indicating that the loss of SHM contributed to the recovery of renal functions. As a consequence, the life span of those SHM-deficient B6.MRL-Faslpr/J mice was extended. Together, we provide direct evidence pinpointing a vital role of SHM in the control of SLE development.
Previously Hidden Dynamics at the TCR–Peptide–MHC Interface Revealed
Authors: Fodor James , Riley Blake T. , Borg Natalie A. , Buckle Ashley M.
Published: May 2018

A structural characterization of the interaction between αβ TCRs and cognate peptide–MHC (pMHC) is central to understanding adaptive T cell–mediated immunity. X-ray crystallography, although the source of much structural data, traditionally provides only a static snapshot of the protein. Given the emerging evidence for the important role of conformational dynamics in protein function, we interrogated 309 crystallographic structures of pMHC complexes using ensemble refinement, a technique that can extract dynamic information from the x-ray data. Focusing on a subset of human pMHC class I systems, we found that in many cases, ensemble methods were able to uncover previously hidden evidence of significant conformational plasticity, thereby revealing additional information that can build upon and significantly enhance functional interpretations that are based on a single static structure. Notable examples include the interpretation of differences in the disease association of HLA subtypes, the relationship between peptide prominence and TCR recognition, the role of conformational flexibility in vaccine design, and the discrimination between induced fit and conformational selection models of TCR binding. We show that the currently widespread practice of analyzing pMHC interactions via the study of a single crystallographic structure does not make use of pertinent and easily accessible information from x-ray data concerning alternative protein conformations. This new analysis therefore not only highlights the capacity for ensemble methods to significantly enrich the interpretation of decades of structural data but also provides previously missing information concerning the dynamics of existing characterized TCR–pMHC interactions.
The absorption Ångström exponent of black carbon: from numerical aspects
Authors: Liu Chao , Chung Chul Eddy , Yin Yan , Schnaiter Martin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) is an important aerosol
optical parameter used for aerosol characterization and apportionment
studies. The AAE of black carbon (BC) particles is widely accepted to be 1.0,
although observational estimates give quite a wide range of
0.6–1.3. With considerable uncertainties
related to observations, a numerical study is a powerful method, if not the
only one, to provide a better and more accurate understanding on BC AAE. This
study calculates BC AAE using realistic particle geometries based on fractal
aggregate and an accurate numerical optical model (namely the multiple-sphere
T-matrix method), and considers
bulk properties of an ensemble of BC particles following lognormal size
distributions. At odds with the expectations, BC AAE is not 1.0, even when BC
is assumed to have small sizes and a wavelength-independent refractive index.
With a wavelength-independent refractive index, the AAE of fresh BC is
approximately 1.05 and relatively insensitive to particle size. For BC with
geometric mean diameters larger than 0.12 µm, BC AAE becomes
smaller when BC particles are aged (compact structures or coated by other
non-absorptive materials). For coated BC, we prescribe the coating fraction
variation based on a laboratory study, where smaller BC cores are shown to
develop larger coating fractions than those of bigger BC cores. For both compact and coated BC, the AAE is highly
sensitive to particle size distribution, ranging from approximately 0.8 to
even over 1.4 with wavelength-independent refractive index. When the
refractive index is allowed to vary with wavelength, a feature with
observational backing, the BC AAE may show an even wider range. For different
BC morphologies, we derive simple empirical equations on BC AAE based on our
numerical results, which can serve as a guide for the response of BC AAE to
BC size and refractive index. Due to its complex influences, the effects of
BC geometry is better to be discussed at certain BC properties, i.e., known
size and refractive index.
Mass concentration, optical depth and carbon composition of particulate matter in the major southern West African cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Djossou Julien , Léon Jean-François , Akpo Aristide Barthélemy , Liousse Cathy , Yoboué Véronique , Bedou Mouhamadou , Bodjrenou Marleine , Chiron Christelle , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Gardrat Eric , Abbey Marcellin , Keita Sékou , Bahino Julien , Touré N'Datchoh Evelyne , Ossohou Money , Awanou Cossi Norbert
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Air quality degradation is a major issue in the large conurbations on
the shore of the Gulf of Guinea. We present for the first time
PM2.5 time series collected in Cotonou, Benin, and Abidjan,
Côte d'Ivoire, from February 2015 to March 2017. Measurements were
performed in the vicinity of major combustion aerosol sources:
Cotonou/traffic (CT), Abidjan/traffic (AT), Abidjan/landfill (AL) and
Abidjan/domestic fires (ADF). We report the weekly PM2.5 mass and
carbonaceous content as elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon
concentrations. We also measure the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the
Ångström exponent in both cities. The average PM2.5 mass
concentrations were 32 ± 32, 32 ± 24 and
28 ± 19 µg m−3 at traffic sites CT and AT and landfill
site AL, respectively. The domestic fire site shows a concentration of
145 ± 69 µg m−3 due to the contribution of smoking and
roasting activities. The highest OC and EC concentrations were also measured
at ADF at 71 ± 29 and 15 ± 9 µg m−3,
respectively, while the other sites present OC concentration between 8 and
12 µg m−3 and EC concentrations between 2 and
7 µg m−3. The OC ∕ EC ratio is 4.3 at CT and 2.0 at AT.
This difference highlights the influence of two-wheel vehicles using gasoline
in Cotonou compared to that of four-wheel vehicles using diesel fuel in
Abidjan. AOD was rather similar in both cities, with a mean value of 0.58 in
Cotonou and of 0.68 in Abidjan. The seasonal cycle is dominated by the large
increase in surface mass concentration and AOD during the long dry season
(December–February) as expected due to mineral dust advection and biomass
burning activities. The lowest concentrations are observed during the short
dry season (August–September) due to an increase in surface wind speed
leading to a better ventilation. On the other hand, the high
PM2.5 ∕ AOD ratio in the short wet season (October–November)
indicates the stagnation of local pollution.
Modeling study of impacts on surface ozone of regional transport and emission reductions over North China Plain in summer 2015
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhu Lingyun , Wang Shulan , Meng Xiaoyan , Zhang Meigen , Hu Jun
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone (O3) has replaced PM2.5 or PM10 as the premier pollution in the North China Plain (NCP) during summer in recent years. A comprehensive understanding of the O3 production in responding to the reduction of precursor emission over NCP is demanded urgently for the effective control policy design. In this study, the air quality modeling system RAMS-CMAQ (regional atmospheric modeling system-community multiscale air quality), coupled with the ISAM (integrated source apportionment method) module is applied to investigate the O3 regional transport and source contribution features during a heavy O3 pollution episode in June 2015 over NCP. The results show that the emission sources in Shandong and Hebei were the major contributors to O3 production in the NCP. Not only more than 50 % O3 mass burden in local regions, but also about 20–30 % and 25–40 % O3 mass burdens in Beijing and Tianjin were contributed by the emission sources in these two provinces, respectively. On the other hand, the urban areas and most O3 pollution regions of NCP were mainly dominated by the VOC-sensitive conditions, while "both control" and NOx-sensitive conditions dominated the suburban and remote areas, respectively. Then, based on the sensitivity tests, the effects of several hypothetical scenarios of emission control on reducing the O3 pollution were compared and discussed. The results indicated that the emission control of industry and residential sectors was the most efficient way if the emission reduction percentage was higher than 40 %. However, when the emission reduction percentage dropped below 30 %, the power plant sector could make significant contributions to the decrease in O3. The control strategies should be promptly adjusted based on the emission reduction, and the modeling system can provide valuable information for precisely choosing the emission sector combination to achieve better efficiency.
Distribution and rates of nitrogen fixation in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean constrained by nitrogen isotope budgets
Authors: Knapp Angela N. , McCabe Kelly M. , Grosso Olivier , Leblond Nathalie , Moutin Thierry , Bonnet Sophie
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Constraining the rates and spatial distribution of dinitrogen
(N2) fixation fluxes to the ocean informs our understanding of the
environmental sensitivities of N2 fixation as well as the timescale over
which the fluxes of nitrogen (N) to and from the ocean may respond to each
other. Here we quantify rates of N2 fixation as well as its contribution
to export production along a zonal transect in the western tropical South
Pacific (WTSP) Ocean using N isotope (“δ15N”) budgets. Comparing
measurements of water column nitrate + nitrite δ15N with the
δ15N of sinking particulate N at a western, central, and eastern
station, these δ15N budgets indicate high, modest, and low rates of
N2 fixation at the respective stations. The results also imply that
N2 fixation supports exceptionally high, i.e. ≥ 50 %, of
export production at the western and central stations, which are also
proximal to the largest iron sources. These geochemically based rates of
N2 fixation are equal to or greater than those previously reported in
the tropical North Atlantic, indicating that the WTSP Ocean has the capacity
to support globally significant rates of N2 fixation, which may
compensate for N removal in the oxygen-deficient zones of the eastern
tropical Pacific.
Reflection tomography of time-lapse GPR data for studying dynamic unsaturated flow phenomena
Authors: Mangel Adam R. , Moysey Stephen M. J. , Bradford John
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection tomography algorithms allow non-invasive monitoring of water content changes resulting from flow in the vadose zone. The approach requires multi-offset GPR data that is traditionally slow to collect. We automate GPR data collection to reduce the survey time significantly, thereby making this approach to hydrologic monitoring feasible. The method was evaluated using numerical simulations and laboratory experiments that suggest reflection tomography can provide water content estimates to within 5–10 % vol./vol. for the synthetic studies, whereas the empirical estimates were typically within 5–15 % of measurements from in-situ probes. Both studies show larger observed errors in water content near the periphery of the wetting front, beyond which additional reflectors were not present to provide data coverage. Overall, coupling automated GPR data collection with reflection tomography provides a new method for informing models of subsurface hydrologic processes and a new method for determining transient 2D soil moisture distributions.
Sedimentary mechanisms of a modern banded iron formation on Milos Island, Greece
Authors: Chi Fru Ernest , Kilias Stephanos , Ivarsson Magnus , Rattray Jayne E. , Gkika Katerina , McDonald Iain , He Qian , Broman Curt
Published: May 2018

Abstract. An early Quaternary shallow submarine hydrothermal iron formation (IF) in the Cape Vani sedimentary basin (CVSB) on Milos Island, Greece, displays banded rhythmicity similar to Precambrian banded iron formation (BIF). Field-wide stratigraphic and biogeochemical reconstructions show two temporal and spatially isolated iron deposits in the CVSB with distinct sedimentological character. Petrographic screening suggests the presence of a photoferrotrophic-like microfossil-rich IF (MFIF), accumulated on a basement consisting of andesites in a ∼ 150 m wide basin in the SW margin of the basin. A banded nonfossiliferous IF (NFIF) sits on top of the Mn-rich sandstones at the transition to the renowned Mn-rich formation, capping the NFIF unit. Geochemical data relate the origin of the NFIF to periodic submarine volcanism and water column oxidation of released Fe(II) in conditions predominated by anoxia, similar to the MFIF. Raman spectroscopy pairs hematite-rich grains in the NFIF with relics of a carbonaceous material carrying an average δ13Corg signature of ∼ −25‰. A similar δ13Corg signature in the MFIF could not be directly coupled to hematite by mineralogy. The NFIF, which postdates large-scale Mn deposition in the CVSB, is composed primarily of amorphous Si (opal-SiO2 ⋅ nH2O) while crystalline quartz (SiO2) predominates the MFIF. An intricate interaction between tectonic processes, changing redox, biological activity, and abiotic Si precipitation are proposed to have collectively formed the unmetamorphosed BIF-type deposits in a shallow submarine volcanic center. Despite the differences in Precambrian ocean–atmosphere chemistry and the present geologic time, these formation mechanisms coincide with those believed to have formed Algoma-type BIFs proximal to active seafloor volcanic centers.
Seasonal dynamics of Totten Ice Shelf controlled by sea ice
buttressing
Authors: Greene Chad A. , Young Duncan A. , Gwyther David E. , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin K. , Blankenship Donald D.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Previous studies of Totten Ice Shelf have employed surface velocity measurements to estimate its mass balance and understand its sensitivities to interannual changes in climate forcing. However, displacement measurements acquired over timescales of days to weeks may not accurately characterize long-term flow rates where ice velocity fluctuates with the seasons. Quantifying annual mass budgets or analyzing interannual changes in ice velocity requires knowing when and where observations of glacier velocity could be aliased by subannual variability. Here, we analyze 16 years of velocity data for Totten Ice Shelf, which we generate at subannual resolution by applying feature tracking algorithms to several hundred satellite image pairs. We identify a seasonal cycle characterized by a spring to autumn speedup of more than 100 m yr−1 close to the ice front. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle diminishes with distance from the open ocean, suggesting the presence of a resistive backstress at the ice front that is strongest in winter. Springtime acceleration precedes summer surface melt and is not attributable to thinning from basal melt. We attribute the onset of ice shelf acceleration each spring to the loss of buttressing from the breakup of seasonal landfast sea ice.
Aero-elastic wind turbine design with active flaps for AEP maximization
Authors: McWilliam Michael K. , Barlas Thanasis K. , Madsen Helge A. , Zahle Frederik
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In optimal wind turbine design, there is a compromise between maximizing the energy producing forces and minimizing the absolute peak loads carried by the structures. Active flaps are an attractive strategy because they give engineers greater freedom to vary the aerodynamic forces under any condition. Flaps can be used in a variety of different ways (i.e. reducing fatigue, peak loads), but this article focuses on how quasi-static actuation as a function of mean wind speed can be used for annual energy production (AEP) maximization. Numerical design optimization of the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine (RWT), with the HAWTOpt2 framework, was used to both find the optimal flap control strategy and the optimal turbine designs. The research shows that active flaps can provide a 1 % gain in AEP for aero-structurally optimized blades in both add-on (i.e. the flap is added after the blade is designed) and integrated (i.e. the blade design and flap angle is optimized together) solutions. The results show that flaps are complementary to passive load alleviation because they provide high-order alleviation, where passive strategies only provide linear alleviation with respect to average wind speed. However, the changing loading from the flaps further complicates the design of torsionally active blades; thus, integrated design methods are needed to design these systems.
How Moravian Are the Moravians? The Paradox of Moravian Identity
Authors: Vogt Peter
Published: May 2018

In this article, the author sets forth the paradoxes and shortcomings of the designation “Moravian” for the Moravian Church as the name does neither refer to the historical place of origin nor to the ethnic identity of its members. Furthermore, the name suggests a larger degree of continuity between the Ancient Unity of Brethren and the Renewed Moravian Church than many historians are willing to accept. In fact, so the author argues, the previously widely accepted name Unity of Brethren expresses the theological foundations of Moravian identity much better. The author concludes that the name “Moravian” stands for an association with a story, similar to the narrative theology of the Bible. This is the story of those who left Moravia to form a new community of faith, binding together people from different cultures and backgrounds.
Bases para un plan de nación
Authors: Fernández Isabel
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 61, 1998: 3-7
El crecimiento económico en El Salvador de 1950 a 1996
Authors: Trigueros Alvaro
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 61, 1998: 33-44
La globalización y las nuevas relaciones de interdependencia compleja en el sistema económico internacional
Authors: Jiménez Marcos Ander
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 62, 1998: 143-156
Critica a la postmodernidad y al neoliberalismo. Una aproximación al pensamiento de Franz J. Hinkelammert
Authors: Wauthion Ernesto
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 62, 1998: 157-184
La pobreza estructural en las "Bases para el plan de nación"
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 63, 1998: 243-252
Armas de fuego: ¿una respuesta a la inseguridad ciudadana? Su impacto y prevalencia en la morbilidad del AMSS
Authors: Portillo Nelson
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 64, 1998: 357-380
La condición transfinita del hombre en García Bacca
Authors: Beorlegui Carlos
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 64, 1998: 417-444
Hacia una democratización de la sociedad. Un enfoque estructural
Authors: Ayala Perdomo Erasmo Oswaldo
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 65, 1998: 527-541
Algunas reflexiones sobre la "falacia naturalista" (sobre la necesaria articulación de la ética y las ciencias empíricas)
Authors: Dussel Enrique
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 65, 1998: 543-554
Mineralogical, Chemical, Geotechnical and Mechanical Investigations of Bafang Lateritic Fine Soils Formed on Basalts (West-Cameroon) for Road Embankment Purpose
Authors: Hyoumbi William Tchungouelieu , Pizette Patrick , Wouatong Armand Sylvain Ludovic , Abriak Nor-Edine
Published: May 2018

The present paper treats the relationship between geotechnical parameters and the mineralogical compositions, in order to understand the behavior of the Bafang lateritic fine soils and their efficient use as road embankment materials on the other hand. Thus, the field campaigns have permitted to distinguish two facies of Bafang lateritic fine soils: reddish and yellowish facies. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), the thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA) and the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have revealed that the reddish facies contents: kaolinite (53.34% -48.29%); hematite (16.62% - 17.40 %); gibbsite (8.26 % - 16.54%), ilmenite (7.6 % -7.98%), quartz (1.92 % - 4.65 %), illite (2.65% - 1.99 %) and accessories minerals as florencite (1.45%); montmorillonite (0.90 %) and plagioclase (0.69 %); while the yellowish facies is composed of : 65.1 % kaolinite, 11.2 % gibbsite, 9.64 % goethite, 7.02 % quartz, 3.23 % ilmenite and 2.08 % of illite. Their Silica/sexquioxide ratios correspond to those of moderate laterite. The geotechnical and mechanical characteristics have shown that the reddish and yellowish facies are respectively silty clay and sandy silt. They are plastic to very high plastic and moderately clayey to clayey materials. Moreover, they are medium swelling to high swelling. The IBR values more than 40% and the soaked CBR values prove that these materials belong to the S4 bearing capacity class. The minimum values of UCS and Rt are respectively 1.7 MPa and 0.17 MPa. Then, the results of geotechnical and mechanical properties combining to those of XRD, TGA and XRF have demonstrated that the fine lateritic soils with low silica/sexquioxide ratios values (less than 1.6) are suitable for road embankment.
Good Governance of Food Security in Nunavut
Authors: Stecyk Karolina
Published: May 2018

Food insecurity is not a new issue in Nunavut, Canada, but it is one that is not yet resolved. In Nunavut, the Government of Canada primarily through Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada manages food security. In 2011, to aid the issue of food insecurity, the Government of Canada created the program called Nutrition North Canada (NNC). This paper will identify the values and mandate of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada and Government of Nunavut and state the current status, challenges, and health impact of food security in Nunavut. Lastly, it will determine if the Government of Canada is following the principles of good governance with the Nutrition North program, and suggest improving competencies like innovativeness, strategic thinking and building collaborative relationships by expanding agriculture and aquaculture in Nunavut to assist in tackling food insecurity.
Non-traditional Economic Estimation of Dairy Cow Income in Grazing Systems
Authors: Marini P. , Fernández R. , Masso R. J.
Published: May 2018

The objective was to evaluate the economic efficiency of two groups of cows in a grazing system using a non-traditional estimation strategy. Retrospective data were used corresponding to the lactations of 216 primiparous and multiparous cows of Holstein breed American-Canadian biotype with records of all their productive life, from their incorporation to the system until their sale or death, collected between the years 1992-2012. It was concluded that the economic efficiency of the two groups of cows analyzed is not only determined by milk production, but by a set of additional variables such as longevity and reproduction.
El paper de la gramàtica en els exàmens de Selectivitat de Llengua castellana (1992-2017)
Authors: Sánchez Carlos
Published: May 2018

El present treball és una anàlisi de l'evolució dels exàmens de llengua castellana de l'anomenada selectivitat (les actuals Proves d'Accés a la Universitat - PAU) durant vint anys (1992-2017), a partir de la pròpia experiència com a corrector durant tot aquest temps i com subcoordinador de la matèria durant els últims dotze anys (2006-2017). Per això s'analitza, principalment, d'una banda, tant la presència com el pes en la qualificació global dels continguts gramaticals, sobretot els relacionats amb la sintaxi, en les diferents parts d'aquests exàmens; i, de l'altra, la seva dificultat o, més ben dit, els coneixements que hauria de tenir un estudiant de Batxillerat per poder-los gestionar amb total èxit. De l'estudi realitzat es desprèn com els continguts gramaticals en general, i en particular els de sintaxi, han anat perdent importància progressivament dins de la tipologia de la prova durant tots aquests anys, mentre que els aspectes relacionats amb el comentari de textos i amb la lectura obligatòria d'obres literàries l'han anat guanyant, com a conseqüència directa dels diferents canvis que han sofert les lleis d'educació que afectaven la programació de l'Batxillerat
O Efeito País de Origem na Avaliação de Cervejas Especiais e na Intenção de Compra dos Consumidores: Um Estudo Experimental
Authors: Bassani Michel Gehlen , Milan Gabriel Sperandio , Lazzari Fernanda , De Toni Deonir
Published: May 2018

Objetivos: analisar o efeito pas de origem sobre a qualidade percebida do produto, a disposio de preo a pagar e a inteno de compra do consumidor.Mtodo: experimental (experimento), com um design fatorial 4 (Pas de Origem: Alemanha, China, Brasil e grupo de controle, sem identificao) x 1 (Produto: cerveja especial Pilsen). Para a anlise dos dados, foi realizada uma anlise multivariada de varincia (MANOVA), aplicando-se testes post-hoc. A amostra foi composta por 159 respondentes, distribudos em quatro grupos experimentais.Originalidade/Relevncia: o estudo abordou o efeito do pas de origem na percepo do consumidor e sua relao com a qualidade percebida, sua disposio de preo a pagar e sua inteno de compra de cervejas especiais.Resultados: os resultados comprovam que o efeito pas de origem, como um atributo extrnseco, age de forma significante sobre a qualidade percebida, a disposio de preo a pagar e a inteno de compra dos consumidores.Contribuies Tericas/Metodolgicas: o desenvolvimento da pesquisa permitiu analisar, na avaliao de um produto, neste caso, cerveja especial (do tipo Pilsen), a fora de um fator extrnseco, ou seja, o efeito pas de origem, e a sua influncia sobre a qualidade percebida, a disposio de preo a pagar e a inteno de compra do consumidor.
Preliminary Studies of Synthetic Dye Adsorption on Iron Sludge and Activated Carbons
Authors: Świderska-Dąbrowska Renata , Piaskowski Krzysztof , Zarzycki Paweł K
Published: May 2018

There is great interest in the search for multifunctional waste-based materials that may be applied as environmentally friendly adsorbents. Iron-rich sludge from ground drinking-water treatment plants may be considered a potential adsorbent for various water contaminants. This material is generated during ground water purification because of the excess of metal ions in water (Fe, Mn). In practice, this sludge is frequently disposed of as waste material and, so far, is not commonly applied as the adsorption base. Our research aims to explore the adsorption potential of iron sludge for selected synthetic dyes, including malachite green, ponceau 4R, and brilliant blue FCF. Experimental data were performed using iron sludge collected from the Groundwater Treatment Plant in Koszalin, Poland, and comparing it with adsorption properties of commercial activated carbons (Norit SA Super and Norit CA 1). The kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and temperature influence on the removal of target dyes were investigated and discussed. Preliminary experimental data have revealed that iron sludge can be considered an adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes.
Critical digital pedagogy and cultural sensitivity in the library classroom: Infographics and digital storytelling
Authors: Waddell Myra , Clariza Elena
Published: May 2018

Academic librarians have a demonstrated interest in digital tools for teaching and learning and often provide support for these tools to their wider campus communities. Additionally, many librarians incorporate these tools into their own teaching in the information literacy classroom. However, little has been written about how digital tools can support critical information literacy and critical pedagogy specifically in library instruction. Eamon Tewell defines critical information literacy as instruction that asks “students to engage with and act upon the power structures underpinning information’s production and dissemination.”1 According to Paulo Freire, critical pedagogy acknowledges that education is a political action that can have an adverse effect on certain students.2 We define critical as self-reflexive and intentionally engaged with power structures.
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: May 2018

Lack of archived newspaper press runsIndependent bookstoresInternet accessAcademic library services
Angling for Students' Mathematical Agency
Authors: Martínez José Manuel , Ramírez Laura
Published: May 2018

A group of fourth graders went from overreliance on protractors to relying on their own reasoning and understanding of how to measure angles.