bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Enrichment in Peripheral Blood Samples by Magnetic Fractionation: Gametocyte Yields and Possibilities to Reuse Columns
Authors: Graumans Wouter , Andolina Chiara , Awandu Shehu S. , Grignard Lynn , Lanke Kjerstin , Bousema Teun
Published: January 2019

Gametocytes are sexual stage malaria parasites responsible for transmission to mosquitoes. Multiple gametocyte-producing clones may be present in natural infections, but the molecular characterization of gametocytes is challenging. Because of their magnetic properties, gametocyte enrichment can be achieved by magnetic fractionation. This increases detection sensitivity and allows specific genotyping of clones that contribute to malaria transmission. Here, we determined the percentage of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes successfully bound to magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) LS columns during magnetic fractionation and assessed whether columns can be reused without risking contamination or affecting column binding efficiency. Bound column fractions were quantified using multiplex quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for male (pfMGET) and female (CCp4) gametocytes and ring-stage asexual parasites (SBP1). To investigate cross contamination between columns, parasite strain identity was determined by merozoite surface protein 2 genotyping followed by capillary electrophoresis fragment sizing. A reproducible high percentage of gametocytes was bound to MACS LS columns with < 5% gametocytes appearing in the flow-through and < 0.6% asexual ring-stage parasites appearing in the gametocyte fraction. A high yield (> 94%) of gametocyte enrichment was achieved when columns were used up to five times with lower binding success after eight times (79%). We observed no evidence for cross contamination between columns.
Thirty-Day Daily Comparisons of Kato–Katz and CCA Assays of 45 Egyptian Children in Areas with Very Low Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Haggag Ayat A. , Rabiee Amal , Abd Elaziz Khaled M. , Campbell Carl H. , Colley Daniel G. , Ramzy Reda M. R.
Published: January 2019

Forty-five Schistosoma mansoni egg–negative/circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) low (Trace-1+) positive children in areas of very low prevalence were followed up daily for 30 days. Stool and urine specimens were collected and examined each day from each child. At the midpoint of the study, three egg-positive control persons with light intensity infection were included in the protocol. Stool samples were examined by the Kato–Katz (four slides/stool sample) technique and all S. mansoni egg–negative stools were further tested by the “miracidia hatching test” (MHT). Urine samples were examined by the point-of-care CCA assay (POC-CCA). Over 30 days, only one of 1,338 consecutive stool samples from study subjects was S. mansoni egg and MHT positive (0.07%). Egg counts fluctuated daily in stools from positive controls and S. mansoni miracidia were detected in all but two samples by the MHT. Point-of-care–circulating cathodic antigen bands were scored from G1 to G10 and then translated to standard Trace, 1+, 2+, 3+ banding patterns. In two districts, the POC-CCA assays were Trace or 1+ for both the study children and the positive controls. In the third district, the POC-CCA assays were Trace or 1+ for the study children and 1+ or 2+ for the positive control. We conclude that in areas with extremely low prevalence S. mansoni egg–negative and CCA-Trace or 1+ children are unlikely to pose substantial risks to continued transmission of schistosomiasis. In this setting, POC-CCA Trace or 1+ readings are likely to be false positives or perhaps represent low-level single-sex schistosome infections.
Mass Azithromycin Distribution to Prevent Childhood Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of Cluster-Randomized Trials
Authors: Oldenburg Catherine E. , Arzika Ahmed M. , Amza Abdou , Gebre Teshome , Kalua Khumbo , Mrango Zakayo , Cotter Sun Y. , West Sheila K. , Bailey Robin L. , Emerson Paul M. , O’Brien Kieran S. , Porco Travis C. , Keenan Jeremy D. , Lietman Thomas M.
Published: January 2019

Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin may reduce under-5 child mortality (U5M) in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we conducted a pooled analysis of all published cluster-randomized trials evaluating the effect of azithromycin MDA on child mortality. We pooled data from cluster-randomized trials randomizing communities to azithromycin MDA versus control. We calculated mortality rates in the azithromycin and control arms in each study, and by country for multisite studies including multiple countries. We conducted a two-stage individual community data meta-analysis to estimate the effect of azithromycin for prevention of child mortality. Three randomized controlled trials in four countries (Ethiopia, Malawi, Niger, and Tanzania) were identified. The overall pooled mortality rate was 15.9 per 1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.5–16.3). The pooled mortality rate was lower in azithromycin-treated communities than in placebo-treated communities (14.7 deaths per 1,000 person-years, 95% CI: 14.2–15.3 versus 17.2 deaths per 1,000 person-years, 95% CI: 16.5–17.8). There was a 14.4% reduction in all-cause child mortality in communities receiving azithromycin MDA (95% CI: 6.3–21.7% reduction, P = 0.0007). All-cause U5M was lower in communities receiving azithromycin MDA than in control communities, suggesting that azithromycin MDA could be a new tool to reduce child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. However, heterogeneity in effect estimates suggests that the magnitude of the effect may vary in time and space and is currently not predictable.
Primerjava 2D in 3D GIS modela pri načrtovanju šolskih prevozov
Authors: Prah Klemen , Kramberger Tomaž , Dragan Dejan
Published: January 2019

V članku primerjamo dvodimezionalni (2D) in tridimenzionalni (3D) model usmerjanja šolskih vozil na primeru občine Laško z vidika dolžine prepeljanih kilometrov in porabljenega potovalnega časa. Pri 3D modelu je cestna mreža položena preko digitalnega modela višin 12,5 metrov, kar daje modelu večjo podobnost z realnostjo. Za uspešno rešitev je v obeh modelih potrebnih 23 kombijev. V 3D modelu je dolžina vseh opravljenih poti za 45,58 kilometrov večja kot v 2D modelu, skupni potovalni čas pa daljši za 1 uro in 14 minut. Ugotovljena razlika je pomembna pri odločanju za izbiro enega ali drugega modela pri reševanju problemov usmerjanja šolskih vozil.
The Middle Construction in Minimalist Syntax: English and Slovenian
Authors: Lenardič Jakob
Published: January 2019

The paper discusses the argument structure of the English middle construction and its Slovenian equivalent from the perspective of minimalist syntax. The paper first introduces Bruening’s (2012) recent approach to syntactic middle formation, which posits that middle sentences are derived via an operator that existentially quantifies over the open agent variable introduced by an active Voice projection. Subsequently, the paper argues that the adverbial modifier in the middle construction is not a semantic argument of the null operator, contra Bruening (2012). Finally, the paper proposes that the reflexive morpheme se in the related Slovenian se-sentences plays a role of valency reduction similar to that of the null English operator.
Reliability, Validity, and Writing Assessment: A Timeline
Authors: Dobrić Nikola
Published: January 2019

Looking at the issue of validity and test validation, the historical and the theoretical progression has been well described both when it comes to educational assessment in general and language assessment in particular. A clear progression can be seen starting in the 1920s and culminating in the late 1980s/early 1990s (with minor notable developments since), and it is an advancement motivated and driven almost solely by new theoretical and practical considerations. Securing validity and validation with regard to writing assessment in particular, however, took a more winding route and was primarily shaped by a power struggle between externally administered standardized testing (and the supporting administrative bodies) on one side, and the practicing teachers of writing at higher education institutions on the other. The paper at hand outlines this evolution and gives a timeline of the events and major developments that have fueled it and explores the cutting edge of today.
Analiza zgledov meril za razčlenjevalno ocenjevanje razlagalnih in utemeljevalnih pisnih sestavkov
Authors: Sokolov Cvetka
Published: January 2019

V članku avtorica analizira in ovrednoti dva zgleda razčlenjevalnih meril za ocenjevanje razlagalnih/utemeljevalnih sestavkov, in sicer Meril Holly L. Jacobs et al. (1981) in Navodil za ocenjevanje Vicki Spandlove et al. (1990). Avtorica prispevka je obravnavana merila izbrala zato, ker so med učitelji in učiteljicami še vedno zelo priljubljena. Pri pretresanju dobrih in slabih plati meril se osredotoča na lastnosti opisnikov. V skladu s priporočili Splošnega evropskega jezikovnega okvira/SEJO (2001: 205–207) ugotavlja, do kakšne mere so dorečeni, jasni, kratki in neodvisni. Analiza razkriva, koliko sta si zgleda meril podobna in v čem se razlikujeta, obravnava njune dobre in šibke plati in pripelje do zaključka, da bi učitelji in učiteljice morali navodila za ocenjevanje kritično ovrednotiti, po potrebi izboljšati in prilagoditi izobraževalnemu kontekstu, v katerem delujejo, preden jih začnejo uporabljati.
/De/terminologizacija v angleški in slovenski zelenoenergetski terminologiji
Authors: Mrhar Laura
Published: January 2019

Prispevek obravnava dinamiko glagolskih terminov s področja zelenoenergetske terminologije, s poudarkom na glagolskem pomenju ter smernicami /de/terminologizacije tako splošnopomenskih kot pomensko specializiranih glagolov. Primeri rabe v konkretnih besedilih, analizirani s pomočjo Angleško-slovenskega slovarja zelenoenergetskih terminov (GREET) (Mrhar 2015), Slovarja slovenskega knjižnega jezika (SSKJ) in enojezičnega korpusa Gigafida, kažejo poti in stopnje /de/terminologizacije, izsledki pa prikazujejo ali večina glagolov s področja zelene energije izvira iz splošnega jezika ali v zelenoenergetsko terminologijo prehaja iz drugih strok. Prikazani so tudi primeri specializiranih glagolov, ki v zelenoenergetski stroki uvajajo popolnoma nove pomene, in se nato iz te interdisciplinarne stroke širijo drugam.
Panorama: Deutsch als Fremdsprache: Kursbuch B1
Authors: Leskovec Mojca
Published: January 2019

Učno gradivo Panorama za raven B1 poleg pregledanega učbenika, izdanega v letu 2017, in delovnega zvezka ter njemu priloženih avdiozgoščenk obsega še aplikacije za učenje, digitalni in tiskani priročnik za učitelja, DVD z videoposnetki, dvojezične slovarje in vadnico s testi. Dodatno gradivo za učitelje in učence ponuja tudi platforma Scook (https://www.scook.de/), kjer je prav tako na voljo učbenik v e-obliki.
Using a speed-dependent Voigt line shape to retrieve O2 from Total Carbon Column Observing Network solar spectra to improve measurements of XCO2
Authors: Mendonca Joseph , Strong Kimberly , Wunch Debra , Toon Geoffrey C. , Long David A. , Hodges Joseph T. , Sironneau Vincent T. , Franklin Jonathan E.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. High-resolution, laboratory, absorption spectra of
the a1Δg←X3Σg- oxygen (O2) band
measured using cavity ring-down spectroscopy were fitted using the Voigt and
speed-dependent Voigt line shapes. We found that the speed-dependent Voigt
line shape was better able to model the measured absorption coefficients than
the Voigt line shape. We used these line shape models to calculate absorption
coefficients to retrieve atmospheric total columns abundances of O2
from ground-based spectra from four Fourier transform spectrometers that are
a part of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Lower O2
total columns were retrieved with the speed-dependent Voigt line shape, and
the difference between the total columns retrieved using the Voigt and
speed-dependent Voigt line shapes increased as a function of solar zenith
angle. Previous work has shown that carbon dioxide (CO2) total columns
are better retrieved using a speed-dependent Voigt line shape with line
mixing. The column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2) was
calculated using the ratio between the columns of CO2 and O2
retrieved (from the same spectra) with both line shapes from measurements
taken over a 1-year period at the four sites. The inclusion of speed
dependence in the O2 retrievals significantly reduces the air mass
dependence of XCO2, and the bias between the TCCON measurements and
calibrated integrated aircraft profile measurements was reduced from 1 % to
0.4 %. These results suggest that speed dependence should be included in
the forward model when fitting near-infrared CO2 and O2
spectra to improve the accuracy of XCO2 measurements.
Estimating the soil N2O emission intensity of croplands in northwest Europe
Authors: Myrgiotis Vasileios , Williams Mathew , Rees Robert M. , Topp Cairistiona F. E.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The application of nitrogenous fertilisers to agricultural soils is a major source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Reducing the nitrogen (N) footprint of agriculture is a global challenge that depends on our ability to quantify the N2O emission intensity of the world's most widespread and productive agricultural systems. In this context, biogeochemistry (BGC) models are widely used to estimate soil N2O emissions in agroecosystems. The choice of spatial scale is crucial because larger scale studies are limited by low input data precision while smaller scale studies lack wider relevance. The robustness of large-scale model predictions depends on preliminary and data-demanding model calibration/validation while relevant studies often omit the performance of output uncertainty analysis and underreport model outputs that would allow a critical assessment of results. This study takes a novel approach on these aspects. The study focuses on arable Eastern Scotland; a data-rich region typical of Northwest Europe in terms of edaphoclimatic conditions, cropping patterns and productivity levels. We used a calibrated and locally-validated BGC model to simulate direct soil N2O emissions along with NO3 leaching and crop N uptake in fields of barley, wheat and oilseed rape. We found that 0.59 % (±0.36) of the applied N is emitted as N2O while 37 % (±6) is taken up by crops and 14 % (±7) is leached as NO3. We show that crop type is a key determinant of N2O emission factors (EF) with cereals having a low (mean EF
Spiky Fluctuations and Scaling in High-Resolution EPICA Ice Core Dust Fluxes
Authors: Lovejoy Shaun , Lambert Fabrice
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric variability as a function of scale has been divided in various dynamical "regimes" with alternating increasing and decreasing fluctuations: weather, macroweather, climate, macroclimate, megaclimate. Although a vast amount of data is available at small scales, the larger picture is not well constrained due to the scarcity and low resolution of long paleoclimatic time-series. Using statistical techniques originally developed for the study of turbulence, we analyse the fluctuations of a centimetric resolution dust flux time-series from the EPICA Dome C ice-core in Antarctica that spans the past 800 000 years. The temporal resolution is 5 years over the last 400 kyrs, and 25 years over the last 800 kyrs, enabling the detailed statistical analysis and comparison of eight glaciation cycles, and the subdivision of each cycle into eight consecutive phases. The unique span and resolution of the dataset allows us to analyze the macroweather and climate scales in detail, i.e. fluctuations with periodicities from 1 year to 100 000 years. We find that the interglacial and glacial maximum phases of each cycle showed particularly large macroweather to climate transition scale τc (around 2 kyrs), whereas mid-glacial phases feature centennial transition scales (average of 300 yr). This suggests that interglacials and glacial maxima are exceptionally stable when compared with the rest of a glacial cycle. The Holocene (with τc ≈ 7.9 kyrs) had a particularly large τc but it was not an outlier when compared with the phase 1 and 2 of other cycles. For each phase, we quantified the drift, intermittency, amplitude, and extremeness of the variability. Phases close to the interglacials (1, 2, 8) show low drift, moderate intermittency, and strong extremes, while the "glacial" middle phases 3–7 display strong drift, weak intermittency, and weaker extremes. Our results suggest that despite the large climatic changes occurring during glacial-interglacial transitions, glacial maxima, interglacials, and glacial inceptions were characterized by relatively stable atmospheric conditions, but punctuated by more frequent and severe droughts, than during the more unstable mid-glacial conditions. The low amplitude during phases 6–8 also suggests that the Patagonian ice sheet was not yet fully developed before 30 kyr after glacial inception.
Environmental parameters of shallow water habitats in the SW Baltic Sea
Authors: Franz Markus , Lieberum Christian , Bock Gesche , Karez Rolf
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The coastal waters of the Baltic Sea are subject to high variations in environmental conditions, triggered by natural and anthropogenic causes. Thus, in situ measurements of water parameters can be strategic for our understanding of the dynamics in shallow water habitats. However, research vessels have very limited access to these areas, resulting in scarce availability of physical and chemical information. In this study we present the results of a monitoring program at low water depths (1–2.5 m), covering 13 stations along the southwestern Baltic coast. The provided dataset consists of biweekly records for dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations and continuous readings at 10 min interval for temperature, salinity and oxygen content. Data underwent quality control procedures and were flagged respectively. On average, a data availability of > 90 % was reached for the monitoring period within 2016–2018. The obtained monitoring data reveal great temporal and spatial variabilities of key environmental factors for shallow water habitats in the southwestern Baltic Sea. Therefore the presented information could serve as realistic key data for experimental manipulations of environmental parameters as well as for the development of oceanographic, biogeochemical or ecological models. The data associated with this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.895257 (Franz et al., 2018).
RandomFront 2.3: a physical parameterisation of fire spotting for operational fire spread models – implementation in WRF-SFIRE and response analysis with LSFire+
Authors: Trucchia Andrea , Egorova Vera , Butenko Anton , Kaur Inderpreet , Pagnini Gianni
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Fire spotting is often responsible for dangerous flare-ups in wildfires and causes secondary ignitions isolated from the primary fire zone, which lead to perilous situations. The main aim of the present research is to provide a versatile probabilistic model for fire spotting that is suitable for implementation as a post-processing scheme at each time step in any of the existing operational large-scale wildfire propagation models, without calling for any major changes in the original framework. In particular, a complete physical parameterisation of fire spotting is presented and the corresponding updated model RandomFront 2.3 is implemented in a coupled fire–atmosphere model: WRF-SFIRE. A test case is simulated and discussed. Moreover, the results from different simulations with a simple model based on the level set method, namely LSFire+, highlight the response of the parameterisation to varying fire intensities, wind conditions and different firebrand radii. The contribution of the firebrands to increasing the fire perimeter varies according to different concurrent conditions, and the simulations show results in agreement with the physical processes. Among the many rigorous approaches available in the literature to model firebrand transport and distribution, the approach presented here proves to be simple yet versatile for application to operational large-scale fire spread models.
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis using logic tree approach – Patna District (India)
Authors: Anbazhagan Panjamani , Bajaj Ketan , Matharu Karanpreet , Moustafa Sayed S. R. , Al-Arifi Nassir S. N.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. PGA and SA distribution for Patna district is presented considering both classical and zoneless approach through logic tree frame work to capture the epistemic uncertainty. Seismicity parameters are calculated by considering completed and mixed earthquake data. Maximum magnitude was calculated using three methods namely incremental method, Kijko method and regional rupture characteristics approach. Best suitable GMPE was selected by carrying out efficacy test using log likelihood. Uniform hazard response spectra have been compared with Indian standard BIS 1893. PGA varies from 0.38 g to 0.30 g from southern to northern periphery considering 2 % probability of exceedence in 50 years.
Validation metrics for ice edge position forecasts
Authors: Melsom Arne , Palerme Cyril , Müller Malte
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The ice edge is a simple quantity in the form of a line that can be derived from a spatially varying sea ice concentration field. Due to its long history and relevance for operations in the Arctic, the position of the ice edge should be an essential element in any system that is designed to monitor or provide forecasts for the physical state of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent ocean regions. Like for all components of monitoring and forecast products, users need to complement information about the ice edge position with the expected accuracy of the data or model results. Such information is traditionally available as a set of metrics that provide a concentrated assessment of the information quality. In this study we provide a survey of metrics that are presently included in the product quality assessment of the CMEMS Arctic Marine Forecasting Center sea-ice edge position forecast. We show that when ice edge results from different products are compared, mismatching results for polynya and local freezing at the coasts of continents and archipelagos have a large impact on the quality assessment. Such situations, which occur regularly in the products we examine, have not previously properly been acknowledged when a set of metrics for the quality of ice edge position results have been constructed. We examine the quality of ice edge forecasts using a total of 17 metrics for the ice edge position. These metrics are analyzed in synthetic examples, in selected cases of actual forecasts, and for a full year of weekly forecast bulletins. Using necessity and simplicity of information as a guideline, we recommend using a set of four metrics that sheds light on the various aspects of product quality that we consider. Moreover, any user is expected to be interested in a limited part of the geographical domain, so metrics derived as domain-wide integrated quantities may be of limited value. Consequently, we recommend that metrics are also made available for appropriate set of subdomains. Furthermore, we find that the metrics' decorrelation time scales are much longer than the present forecast range. Hence our final recommendation is to include depictions of gridded mismatching of ice edge positions using maps for the integrated ice edge error.
Fault-controlled dolomitization in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy): Record of a dominantly pre-orogenic fluid migration
Authors: Mozafari Mahtab , Swennen Rudy , Balsamo Fabrizio , El Desouky Hamdy , Storti Fabrizio , Taberner Conxita
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Lower Jurassic platform and basinal deposits exposed in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy) are pervasively affected by dolomitization. Based on the integration of field work, petrography, and geochemistry, two fault-related dolomitization events were recognized and interpreted as occurred before and during the Apenninic orogeny, respectively. Fluid inclusion analysis indicates moderate to elevated salinity values of 3.5 to 20.5 and 12.8 to 18.6 eq. wt. % NaCl, in the first and the second event, respectively. The estimated salinities, in combination with δ18O values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, suggest significant involvement of evaporitic fluids in both events, most likely derived from the underlying Upper Triassic Burano Formation. In addition, the 87Sr/86Sr ratios up to 0.70963 suggest the circulation of deep-sourced fluids that interacted with siliciclastics and/or the crystalline basement during the dolomitization events. The first dolomitization event which is also considered as the most pervasive one started prior to the significant burial conditions, as reflected in homogenization temperatures of their fluid inclusions being mostly below about 40–50 °C. Two major dolomite types (D1 and D2) were recognized as pertaining to this event, both postdated by high amplitude bed-parallel stylolites. This relationship supports a syn-burial, pre layer-parallel shortening dolomitization, interpreted as controlled by the extensional fault pattern affecting the carbonate succession before its involvement in the Apenninic thrust wedge. A possible geodynamic framework for this dolomitization event is Early to Late Jurassic rift-related extensional tectonism. The second dolomitization event initiated with a dolomite type (D3) characterized by a slight temperature upturn (up to 73 °C), followed by a second type (D4) with markedly higher homogenization temperatures (up to 105 °C), interpreted as associated with the inflow of hydrothermal fluids, possibly related to major changes in the permeability architecture of faults during early- to syn-thrusting and folding activity. Eventually, D4 was overprinted by a late generation of dolomite veins (D5) interpreted as associated with late orogenic extensional faulting in the backlimb of the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline. Based on the timing of deformation in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline, D3 to D5 dolomitization likely occurred in Late Miocene to Pliocene times. The findings regarding characteristics and timing of dolomitization here illustrates the long-term controlling role of the eveporitic detachments in dolomitization process. Our data shows the Mg-rich fluids most likely derived from these evaporites may prime the tectonically involved successions for repeated dolomitization, and formation of potential reservoirs in sequential tectonic modifications (extensional vs. compressional).
Escritos sobre la violencia en la literatura argentina: “El matadero”, de Esteban Echeverría y “Tablas de sangre”, de José Rivera Indarte
Authors: Simari Leandro Ezequiel
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo analiza el lugar central que ocupa “El matadero” dentro de una zona de la literatura argentina dedicada a la representación de la violencia y sus marcas sobre cuerpos y subjetividades, a través de una comparación con otro texto, también producido en el marco de la lucha simbólica que escritores argentinos mantuvieron contra el régimen de Rosas: “Tablas de sangre”, de José Rivera Indarte. A partir de ese contrapunto, el presente trabajo quiere interrogarse sobre los factores que propiciaron la centralidad de “El matadero” dentro de una genealogía posible de escritos sobre la violencia en literatura nacional, corroborada en las incesantes relecturas críticas y reescrituras ficcionales que cosechó a lo largo de más de un siglo, mientras versiones más cruentas de los mismos acontecimientos y de la misma coyuntura histórica apenas fueron estudiadas y rondaron el olvido.
Revista Manuscritos: nuevas formas de resistencia durante la Dictadura chilena
Authors: Zamorano Díaz César
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo se propone comprender las coordenadas políticas y culturales en las que se inscribe la aparición del único número de la revista Manuscritos(1975). Articulada en un espacio asediado por la represión militar, Manuscritoscanaliza formas de producción artística en conjunto con una escritura que la resignifica. De este modo, la novedad de su construcción escrito-visual se enmarca al interior de una tradición por medio de una filiación con un pasado, funcionando como dispositivo actualizado de resistencia, al recodificar el espacio y el tiempo, lo que en el contexto de tabula rasa dictatorial se tornan inquietantes y subversivos.
Social television engagement: An examination of content, interpersonal, and medium relationships
Authors: Cha Jiyoung
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to identify factors that influence intention to engage in social TV. To that end, this study developed and tested a conceptual model that integrates content–, interpersonal–, and medium–relational factors. A survey of 275 college students in the United States suggests that individuals’ relationships with their contacts on an SNS, relationships with the SNS, affinity for viewing television programs, and preferences for certain types of television program genres predict engagement in social TV.
R-E-S-P-E-C-T! Feminine respectability and sexuality for young women online
Authors: Sivenbring Jennie , Siekkinen Frida
Published: January 2019

In this article, we explore aspects of femininity as social capital for young women in one of Sweden’s largest Facebook groups, designated for women only. By conceptualizing the online forum as an affinity space (Gee, 2005) and by using theoretical concepts of bridging and bonding capital we analyze entries in the Facebook group that we identify as the Girlfriends. Empirical material is selected from a larger dataset with a focus on entries where young women ask for and provide advice. This study illustrates how femininity is connected with normative notions of respectability and sexuality as female traits and that these are reinforced rather than reduced in interactions between women in the group. Such aspects of femininity can be used as a form of social capital for women online.
Does Institutions Effect Growth in Pakistan? An Empirical investigation
Authors: Siddiqui Danish Ahmed , Ahmed Qazi Masood
Published: January 2019

This paper presents an index of institutionalized social technologies for Pakistan, covering its two main dimensions namely Risk reducing technologies and Anti Rent seeking technologies and in turn covers several social, institutional, political and economic aspects. It is also analyzed empirically whether the overall index as well as sub-indexes constructed to measure the single dimensions affects economic growth. The results show that over all, institutions promote growth in long run for Pakistan. Therefore, for a policy implication, success of any policy could be influenced by the soundness of institutions.
Airbrush Karawo Batik Design
Authors: Waty Mursidah
Published: January 2019

Karawo is the name of Gorontalo’s traditional embroidery widely popular since the 1600s. This present study collaborated Karawo with batik nusantara into a product along with the use of coloring method, i.e. airbrush as the finishing. Such a design is aimed at improving the quality of a local product without eliminating its local wisdom. This characteristic is to distinguish the embroidery with other similar products. The development in science, technology and arts has turned Karawo into more modern products with a fresh look. The model of Karawo is decorated by the application of the colors named ‘ilabataila’ consisting of red, golden yellow, green and violet. This is to represent and emphasizes the identity of the customs of Gorontalo or the local wisdom on the Karawo batik with an airbrush. The purpose of this experimental research is to identify the potential of Gorontalo that can be of use as the inspiration of new artworks and an alternative to a textile craft product. It consists of steps, such as (1) exploration of the sources of an idea from the local wisdom by observing some Karawo enterprises, visiting iconic destinations in Gorontalo and researching some literature, and (2) designing or visualizing the concepts and ideas into a drawing pattern.
Comparing sign language and gesture: Insights from pointing
Authors: Fenlon Jordan , Cooperrider Kensy , Keane Jon , Brentari Diane , Goldin-Meadow Susan
Published: January 2019

How do the signs of sign language differ from the gestures that speakers produce when they talk? We address this question by focusing on pointing. Pointing signs play an important role in sign languages, with some types functioning like pronouns in spoken language (e.g., Sandler & Lillo-Martin 2006). Pointing gestures, in contrast, are not usually described in linguistic terms even though they play an important role in everyday communication. Researchers have focused on the similarities between pointing in signers and speakers (e.g., Cormier et al. 2013), but no studies to date have directly compared the two at a fine-grained level. In this paper, we compare the formational features of 574 pointing signs produced by British Sign Language signers (BSL Corpus) and 543 pointing gestures produced by American English speakers (Tavis Smiley Corpus) with respect to three characteristics typically associated with language systems: conventionalization, reduction, and integration. We find that, although pointing signs and pointing gestures both exhibit regularities of form, pointing signs are more consistent across uses, more reduced, and more integrated into prosodic structure than pointing gestures. Pointing is thus constrained differently when it is produced along with a signed language vs. when it is produced along with a spoken language; we discuss possible sources of these constraints.
The Effectiveness of Religious Psychological Counseling Based Program in Reducing Psychological Stress among Mothers of Disabled Children
Authors: Al-Qatawneh Yahya , Al-Khawaldeh Saleh
Published: January 2019

The study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of a religious psychological counseling based program in reducing the level of psychological stress of a sample of mothers of disabled children. The sample was intentionally chosen from Al Amal Center for Multi- Disabilities. The sample of this study was assigned randomly into two groups: an experimental group which consisted of (15) mothers who received the training program and a control group which consisted of (15) mothers who did not receive the training program. The researcher administered a pre -post scale on both groups before and after the implementation of the training program to test hypotheses of the study and calculate means, standard deviations, MANOVA and ANCOVA. The results revealed significant differences between the means of the two groups (experimental and control) in favor of the experimental group. Such results were evidenced through a two -month follow up that followed the training program. The study recommended conducting further research on the impact of religious counseling in reducing psychological stress.
Law, Imagination and Poetry. Using Poetry as a Means of Learning. Special Issue on Active Learning and Teaching in Legal Education
Authors: de Vries Bald
Published: January 2019

Law, Imagination and Poetry. Using Poetry as a Means of Learning. Special Issue on Active Learning and Teaching in Legal Education

This article builds upon the work of James Boyd White as well as on Shelley’s ‘A defence of Poetry’ (1840) and reports upon an experiment in which students use poetry as a means to understand philosophical texts. The experiment had a double goal: first, I sought to challenge students in reading a philosophical text differently with an aim to better understand the text. The second goal was to challenge students to think about the text differently, more critically and analyse its relevance for the contemporary world. In the end, using imagination, is the claim, contributes to students finding their own ‘voice’.
Effects of surface treatments on the bond strength of glass hybrid restorative system repaired with hybrid composite resin
Authors: Arıcıoğlu Banu , Hatipoğlu Ömer
Published: January 2019

Aim: To assess the bonding strength of the Equia Forte resin modified glass ionomer cement to the hybrid composite material by applying different surface treatments.

Methodology: 140 samples as 70 Equia Forte and 70 G-eanial composites were produced as 8 mm diameter 3 mm high cylindrical standardized samples. The samples were divided into 7 groups to treat surfaces. G-eanial composite resins as 4 mm diameter 3 mm high was placed onto the samples and polymerized. Then 1000 thermal cycle was applied and samples were mounted in the universal testing machine. Obtained bond strength values were recorded as Newton. One way Anova and Scheffe post hoc tests were performed for statistics.

Results: In the G-aenial group, the highest bond strength was obtained with laser-bond method (N=17.71, P<0.05) and the lowest bonding strength was obtained with only laser-treated method (N=3.45, P<0.05). In the Equia group, the highest bond strength was obtained with air abrasion-bond method (N=9.29, P<0.05) and the lowest bonding strength was obtained with only laser-treated method (N=0.00, P<0.05).

Conclusion: The fact that sufficient bond strength could not be reached by any surface treatment in Equia Forte may suggest that replacing the Equia Forte instead of repairs may be a better choice.
Perception of safety of urban residents
Authors: Czuba Beata , Krawczyńska Karolina
Published: January 2019

Modern cities generate many threats. Based on the conducted pilot studies and analysis of available statistical data, the authors of the article try to answer the following questions of what determines the sense of safety of urban residents and how residents assess their own safety.
På vei mot et sammenhengende nasjonalt kvalitetsvurderingssystem
Authors: Blömeke Sigrid , Olsen Rolf Vegar
Published: January 2019

Artikkelen presenterer de mest sentrale verktøyene for kvalitetsmonitorering som har blitt innført som en del av det «Nasjonale kvalitetsvurderingssystemet for grunnopplæringen» (de nasjonale prøvene, kartleggingsprøvene og elev-undersøkelsen), i all hovedsak ut fra et perspektiv om at dette er målinger som skal bidra med informasjon til skoler, skoleeiere og nasjonale beslutningstakere. Gjennom beskrivelsen legger vi et grunnlag for en drøfting av seks forhold som vi foreslår som spesielt viktige for å videreutvikle det nasjonale kvalitetsvurderingssystemet. Hovedkonklusjonen fra denne drøftingen er at norsk skole har utviklet mange målinger som hver for seg i stor grad har god kvalitet. Det legges imidlertid ikke til rette for en helhetlig analyseramme som gjør det mulig å se de ulike målingene i sammenheng med hverandre, og som i sterkere grad vektlegger et utviklingsperspektiv.Nøkkelord: NKVS, læringsprogresjon, kartleggingsprøver, nasjonale prøver, elevundersøkelsenTowards a coherent national quality monitoring systemAbstractThis article gives an overview of the core tools introduced for quality moni-toring in the Norwegian school system since 2003 (the national assessments, the mapping tests and the student survey). It emphasizes a perspective that these tools are measurements with the purpose of providing information to schools, school owners and national stakeholders. The initial description is used to raise and discuss six aspects suggested to be of vital importance for the future development of the national quality monitoring system. The main conclusion derived from this discussion is that Norwegian schools have access to several measures which by themselves to a large degree have high quality and are fit for purpose. However, the system does not provide an analytical frame in which the various measures relate to each other to support a more holistic perspective on development.Keywords: Norwegian quality monitoring system, learning progression, mapping tests, national assessment, student survey
Standardsetting av læringsstøttende prøver i engelsk for Vg1
Authors: Moe Eli , Helness Hildegunn Lahlum , Grocott Craig , Verhelst Norman
Published: January 2019

Formålet med denne artikkelen er å beskrive framgangsmåten som ble brukt for å bestemme kuttskårer (grenser) mellom tre nivåer i Det europeiske ramme-verket for språk (A2, B1 og B2) på to læringsstøttende lytteprøver i engelsk for Vg1-elever. Målet har vært å undersøke om det er mulig å etablere enighet om kuttskårene, og om standardsetterne som deltok i arbeidet fikk tilstrekkelig opp-læring på forhånd. Videre var det et mål å se på hvilke konsekvenser kuttskårene vil få for fordeling av elever på de ulike rammeverksnivåene. Standardsettingen ble gjennomført med utgangspunkt i pilotdata fra 3199 elever på Vg1, Cito-metoden og 16 panelmedlemmer med god kjennskap til Rammeverkets nivåer. Flere av panelmedlemmene var eller hadde vært lærere i engelsk for elever på 10. trinn eller Vg1. Cito-metoden fungerte bra for å etablere kuttskårer som standardsetterne var forholdsvis enige om. Sluttresultatene viser at målefeilen var relativt liten. Resultatene viser større enighet om kuttskåren mellom nivåene B1 og B2 enn mellom A2 og B1, og dette kan ha en sammenheng med at det ble brukt mer tid på forberedelsesarbeid for B1 og B2. Lærere i panelet som kjenner elevgruppa godt, mener at konsekvensen kutt-skåren har for fordeling av elever på de ulike rammeverksnivåene, stemmer med deres egen vurdering av elevenes lytteferdigheter.Nøkkelord: standardsetting, testsentrert metode, Cito-metoden, standard, kutt-skår, vippekandidatStandard setting for English tests for 11th grade students in NorwayAbstractThis article presents the process used to determine the cut scores between three levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for languages (A2, B1 and B2) for two English listening tests, taken by Norwegian pupils at the 11th grade. The aim was to establish whether agreement can be reached on cut scores and whether the standard setters received enough preparation before the event. Another aim was to examine the potential consequences the cut scores would have for the distribution of pupils across the different levels. The standard setting took place using pilot data from 3199 pupils, the Cito method and 16 panel members with a good knowledge of the framework levels. Some panel members were or had been 10th or 11th grade English teachers. The Cito method worked well for establishing cut scores with which the panel members mostly agreed. The results indicated a small margin of error. The results showed a higher level of agreement for the cut score between B1 and B2 than between A2 and B1, possibly connected to the longer preparation time dedicated to B1 and B2. Teachers on the panel with good knowledge of the pupil base believe that the consequences these cut scores have for the distribution of pupils, correlate with their own experiences of pupils' ability.Keywords: standard setting, test-centered method, the Cito method, standard, cut score, borderline person / minimally competent user
The State as God: On Bourdieu's Political Theology
Authors: Shammas Victor L.
Published: January 2019

Bourdieu’s anthropology of the state can be interpreted as a form of political theology, premised on a panentheistic conception of the state, which is transcendental to social reality while simultaneously being lodged in all social matter. The state is a Leviathan that imposes a horizon of meaning beyond which social agents rarely, if ever, move. The anthropologist must transcend the doxic structures of the state by engaging in a labor of anamnesis, enacting a bringing-to-consciousness of the invisible and occluded operations of the state in its deployment of symbolic power, which serves to naturalize a series of dominant (yet arbitrary) categories, concepts, and representations. Bourdieu’s ontological vision can be summarized in the concise formula, ‘state = society = God.’ A guiding methodical imperative for sociologists of the state-as-divinity is extracted from Bourdieu’s lectures on the state: the Deus Absconditus Principle, which mandates detecting and uncovering the veiled divinity of the state in all aspects of social reality. It is the task of the anthropologist to channel, interpret, and challenge the panentheistic state.
«I utgangspunktet velger vi lignelser som er sentrale» «Kjernens» kostnad i trosopplæringens lignelseslæring
Authors: Reinertsen Ellen Aasland
Published: January 2019

Tre lignelser går igjen i trosopplæringen i Den norske kirke. Disse tre lignelsene gjentas ofte – av og til mange ganger – for de samme barna. Lignelsene er Den barmhjertige samaritan, Sauen som ble funnet og En far som ventet. Dette fant jeg i en spørreundersøkelse besvart av ansatte som jobber med trosopplæring. Studien ser også visse tendenser i begrunnelsene for at nettopp disse lignelsene er med. Tendensene er at de tre regnes som «sentrale» og «enkle». Artikkelen presenterer og diskuterer disse funnene.Temaord: Trosopplæring, lignelser, hermeneutikk, tolkning, kjønn, interseksjonalitet, sentralitet, kateketikk, barn, unge, bibel, bibelresepsjon, karakterer, livstolkning, livsmestring.  Abstract:Three parables are dominant in the Christian education in the Church of Norway. The parables, The good Samaritan, The lost (and found) sheep, and An awaiting father, are taught to children and young people by nearly all congregations. And more than that, they are often repeated several times for the same youngsters. This article presents and discusses findings from a questionnaire about parables in Christian education in the Church of Norway. In the survey, I ask why these three parables are so dominant and so often repeated. The study finds two main arguments: These parables are understood as «central» and «simple».Keywords: Christian education, parables, hermeneutics, gender, intersectionality, centrality, catechism, children, young people, bible, bible reception, characters, meaning, interpretation, life skills.
Bokmelding
Authors: Hauan Lina Snoek
Published: January 2019

Ida Marie Høeg (red). Religion og ungdom. Universitetsforlaget 2017
O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL E AS INOVAÇÕES DA ÁREA DE TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Oliveira Jairo Cardoso , Rabechini Jr Roque , Patah Leandro Alves
Published: January 2019

O desenvolvimento sustentável passa definitivamente a fazer parte da agenda estratégica das organizações, com foco em oferecer produtos e serviços que atendam os aspectos ambientais e sociais, atingindo ainda o equilíbrio econômico. Entretanto, mesmo com esta visão sustentável, a área de tecnologia da informação (TI) é vista dentro da organização como suporte ao negócio, sendo cobrada por desempenho e redução de custos. Este contexto dicotômico foi avaliado neste artigo, ou seja, buscou-se identificar o direcionador de decisão que são empregados pelos gestores de TI na definição de investimentos em projetos. Foi verificado que o avanço tecnológico da indústria de TI, desenvolvendo novos produtos e soluções, atende a tríplice restrição de reduzir custos, melhorar desempenho e ainda ser mais sustentável. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso múltiplo em grandes organizações comprometidas com o desenvolvimento sustentável, em perspectiva qualitativa, ancorado por análise de literatura acadêmica e técnica.