bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Getting Liberalism Right
Authors: Grasso Kenneth L. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2019

Patrick Deneen’s Why Liberalism Failed offers a compelling critique of liberalism that casts considerable light on many of our current discontents. Nevertheless, its argument is vitiated by certain shortcomings, namely, a failure to recognize the role of other traditions in inspiring and shaping liberal democracy, and to do justice to the achievements, history, and complexities of the liberal intellectual tradition. Likewise, its account of liberalism fails to address that tradition’s defining philosophical commitments, commitments that determine the limits and possibilities of its political theorizing and explain its historical trajectory toward an ever-deeper individualism. It will not be possible to escape the intellectual prison of Enlightenment Liberalism’s moral emotivism and hyper-individualism until we have transcended the impoverished metaphysics from which they issue.
The Universal Good and the Hierarchy of Goods in the Natural Law
Authors: Berquist James ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2019

The New Natural Law (NNL) tradition holds that ‘good’ in the first precept of natural law—Good is to be done and pursued, and evil is to be avoided—is an indeterminate good, and that it is universal precisely because it is indeterminate in its account. Based upon this, they further argue that there is no hierarchy amongst per se goods. Following Thomas Aquinas’s work on natural law and the good, I argue that the first good of practical reason is God himself, and that there is a hierarchy of per se goods from the perspective of practical reason. The central distinction I make is that the NNL tradition’s ‘good’ is only universal in its predication, whereas the good that moves practical reason has to have causal universality.
Towards a Rigorous Basis for a Natural Law Theory of Integration
Authors: Boley Frederick D. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2019

Fr. Bernard Lonergan (1904-1984) proposed that human desire can prove the existence of God. The structure of human thought implies a Final Answer to the set of all questions, which can only be what everyone calls “God”—but what implications does this fact have for human happiness, and for counseling? This paper argues that counseling must have, as its ultimate aim, helping people to know Goodness, Beauty, and Truth, which is God. The fact that we can observe the facts about human cognition means that Catholic Christian counselors can ethically and effectively work with people from any faith tradition.
Staying at the heart of the institution: The small college library as an event space
Authors: Bigelow Susan , Berube Danielle
Published: July 2019

Libraries at small colleges, especially colleges with a nontraditional student population, face an uphill struggle to remain relevant in the life of the institution. Students at colleges like these tend to be adults who are already in the workforce and have many responsibilities and demands on their time outside of school. These students will usually either come to campus for their classes and leave or take online classes and rarely set foot on campus.
Professional mastermind groups: Lessons from the ALA Leadership Institute
Authors: Schreiner Susan A.
Published: July 2019

Imagine a free business tool that is adaptable to all types of libraries and can benefit librarians at every level to become more effective and successful. It exists with a mastermind group. There are numerous examples of mastermind groups throughout history.
Restoring degraded ecosystems through the biowaste application: Stability of agreggates, infiltration and vegetation cover
Authors: Hueso González Paloma , Martínez-Murillo Juan Francisco , Ruíz-Sinoga José Damián
Published: July 2019

La transición hacia una economía circular, en la que los recursos se conserven y se reduzca la generación de residuos, es una necesidad real para lograr una economía sostenible. Dentro de ella, cobra particular importancia la gestión de los residuos orgánicos o bioresiduos, tanto por la cantidad que suponen como por las implicaciones ambientales de su mala gestión. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los efectos de los bioresiduos como técnicas de restauración en paisajes forestales mediterráneos degradados. Para el mismo, se utilizan dos tipos de acolchados orgánicos generados como subproductos de actividades silvícolas y agrícolas en el entorno más inmediato al área de estudio: (i) bioresiduo tipo acolchado de restos de paja y; (ii) bioresiduo tipo acolchados de astillas de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis Mill.). Nuestros resultados describen un aumento de la macro-agregación y las tasas de infiltración del suelo, en los primeros en los 24 primero meses, tras la adición de los dos tipos de bioresiduos. Ello ha permitido un mejor aprovechamiento del agua disponible en el perfil del suelo, generando aumento en las tasas de supervivencia. Desde un punto de vista de gestión forestal, tras este estudio, se puede sugerir el uso de bioresiduos en los procesos de restauración de cubierta en áreas forestales mediterráneas.

Nowadays, the transition to a Circular Economy, in which wastes can be reduced, responds to a real and tangible need. Base on this, the management of organic residues acquires special prominence. This is because of the huge amount of wastes pr oduced and the environmental implications of their mismanagement. Based on this premise, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of certain types of organic residues as restoration techniques in a degraded Mediterranean area. Two types of or ganic wastes are selected: (i) straw mulch; and (ii) mulch with chipped branch of Pinushalepensis Mill . The wastes have been generated as secondary products during forestry and agricultural activities in the surrounding area. Independently of the treatment applied, our results show an increase in macro - aggregate stability and in the infiltration rates. This implies more available water for plants and, thus, the increment in the rates of survival plants. Consequently, the use of bio - wastes can be an effectiv e management technique to restore Mediterranean degraded areas.
City’s periphery, between urban segregation and extensive agriculture. Case Ituzaingó anexo, Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Vanoli Fernando
Published: July 2019

El barrio Ituzaingó Anexo está ubicado en la periferia sureste de la ciudad de Córdoba. Hace dieciséis años, la lucha de un grupo de madres visibilizó el conflicto ambiental que aún viven. Tal hecho, se hizo evidente al identificar enfermedades y muertes causadas por los efectos ambientales de los agrotóxicos en la producción de soja transgénica. En este trabajo, nos preguntamos de qué manera quienes deciden sobre la ciudad también son responsables de los daños ambientales producidos en este sector de la sociedad, a partir de comprender la relación del barrio con la configuración de la ciudad. Para esto, analizamos el surgimiento de Ituzaingó Anexo como barrio obrero en la expansión industrial de la ciudad y posteriormente el inicio del modelo productivo de agricultura extensiva. Haciendo énfasis en la incompatibilidad de usos habilitados por la zonificación en la planificación de la ciudad, y los efectos de segregación urbana y ambiental.

The Ituzaingó Anexo neighborhood is located on the Córdoba’s city southeast periphery. Sixteen years ago, the struggle of a mother’s group made visible the environmental conflict that they still live through. This fact became evident when they identified diseases and deaths caused by the environmental effects of agrotoxics in the production of transgenic soybeans. In this work, we wonder how those who decide about the city are also responsible for the environmental damage produced in this sector of society, understanding the relationship of the neighborhood with the configuration of the city. In this way, we analyze the creation of Ituzaingó Anexo as a working class neighborhood in the industrial expansion of the city and later the beginning of the productive model of expansive agriculture. Emphasizing the incompa tibility of uses enabled by zoning in the planning of the city, and the effects of urban and environmental segregation.
A Change of Subject: Perspectivism and Multinaturalism in Inuit Depictions of Interspecies Transformation
Authors: Desjardins Sean P.A.
Published: July 2019

A recurring theme within the complex cosmopolitics of pre-Christian Inuit is the transformation of persons—typically, but not exclusively, shamans (both human and nonhuman animal) and spirit beings—from one physical form, or “species,” to another. The motif is common in contemporary Inuit visual art and recent historic oral tradition, and less frequent (or less apparent) in precontact material culture. In this paper, I examine how interspecies relationships among Inuit may have been influenced by an ancient cosmology rooted in multinaturalism, which can be informed upon in an heuristic sense by Amerindian perspectivism, as described and developed by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (1998, 2004). Within this framework, I suggest a multinatural worldview is reflected in rare depictions of interspecies transformation on two precontact Inuit artifacts recovered from the large winter village site Pingiqqalik (NgHd-1), located near Igloolik, Nunavut.
Amorphous Intergranular Films Enable the Creation of Bulk Nanocrystalline Cu–Zr with Full Density
Authors: Donaldson Olivia K. , Rupert Timothy J.
Published: July 2019

Nanocrystalline metal alloys show great potential as structural materials, but are often only available in small volumes, such as thin films or powders. However, recent research has suggested that dopant segregation and grain boundary structural transitions between states known as complexions can dramatically alter grain size stability and potentially enable activated sintering. Herein, strategic consolidation routes for mechanically alloyed Cu‐4 at% Zr powders are explored to capture the effects of amorphous complexion formation on the densification of bulk nanostructured metals. An increase in the density of the consolidated samples is observed, which coincides with the formation of amorphous intergranular films. At the same time, the grain size is reasonably stable after exposure to these temperatures. As a result, a bulk nanograined metal with a grain size of 57 nm and a density of 99.8% is produced, which shows an impressive balance of small grain size and high density using simple consolidation techniques.
Correspondence on “Core Electron Topologies in Chemical Compounds: Case Study of Carbon versus Silicon”
Authors: von Szentpály László , Schwarz W. H. Eugen , Stoll Hermann , Werner Hans‐Joachim
Published: July 2019

The conclusions of a recent Communication of Yoshida, Raebiger, Shudo, and Ohno published in this journal, that varying core orbital topologies with minuscule negative tails upon bond formation determine the different chemistries of carbon and silicon and affect ionization energies, excitation energies and bond properties of molecules, are now shown to be based on computational artifacts and oversimplified models. The all‐electron wave function uniquely determines the observables, while its representation by one‐electron orbital products depends on the details of the chosen approximation and therefore need to be considered with great care.
Control of Aromaticity and cis‐/trans‐Isomeric Structure of Non‐Planar Hexaphyrin(2.1.2.1.2.1) and Metal Complexes
Authors: Xue Songlin , Kuzuhara Daiki , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko
Published: July 2019

Vinylene‐bridged hexaphyrin(2.1.2.1.2.1) was synthesized from dipyrrolyl diphenylethenes by acid‐catalyzed condensation reactions. Freebase hexaphyrin(2.1.2.1.2.1) forms a distorted structure with non‐aromatic characteristics. The aromaticity and molecular configuration of non‐planar hexaphyrin(2.1.2.1.2.1) can be controlled by insertion of metal ions. Freebase and zinc complexes show a distorted structure without macrocyclic aromaticity, whereas copper complexes show a figure‐of‐eight structure with macrocyclic aromaticity. It is the first example of aromaticity conversion of a distorted expanded porphyrin involving vinylene bridges.
Toward process‐based conservation prioritizations for freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Linke Simon , Hermoso Virgilio , Januchowski‐Hartley Stephanie
Published: July 2019

Over the last two decades, systematic conservation planning has been increasingly applied in terrestrial and marine systems. The approach has traditionally been lagging in freshwater environments, partly because considering unique ecological processes, such as connectivity and propagation of threats along river networks, is a key factor for conservation success in freshwater landscapes. This review highlights advances in freshwater planning in the last decade, but also discusses areas in need of increased efforts.

Including riverine connectivity and disturbances are largely resolved topics. Both processes have been included in major conservation planning software packages and applied globally. Theoretical advances to connectivity in wetlands and groundwater systems have started to appear, but no encompassing framework has emerged. Spatial solutions to conservation planning in lakes do not yet exist.

Some headway has been made when dealing with functional connectivity and genetic processes. For the latter, approaches have been developed to deal with cryptic biodiversity and to investigate the adequacy of conservation plans to include genetic diversity. Functional connectivity has been included in conservation plans in ephemeral waterscapes, and initial steps have been made to include migratory species in conservation prioritizations.

Conservation planning in socio‐ecological landscapes is catching up with biophysical prioritizations. Multiple protection tiers have been realized in river conservation planning frameworks, and freshwater scientists are leading the charge in both multi‐objective planning and in including direct functional responses. We conclude that tight integration between ecological sciences and optimization approaches is needed to further process‐based conservation planning.
Tunable modulation of antibody‐antigen interaction by protease cleavage of protein M
Authors: Kim Heejae , Gaynor Andrew , Chen Wilfred
Published: July 2019

While immunoglobulins find ubiquitous use in biotechnology as static binders, recent developments have created proantibodies that enable orthogonal switch‐like behavior to antibody function. Previously, peptides with low binding affinity have been genetically fused to antibodies, to proteolytically control binding function by blocking the antigen‐binding site. However, development of these artificial blockers requires panning for peptide sequences that reversibly affect antigen affinity for each antibody. Instead, a more general strategy to achieve dynamic control over antibody affinity may be feasible using protein M (ProtM) from Mycoplasma genitalium, a newly identified polyspecific immunity evasion protein that is capable of blocking antigen binding for a wide range of antibodies. Using C‐terminus truncation to identify ProtM variants that are still capable of binding to antibodies without the ability to block antigens, we developed a novel and universal biological switch for antibodies. Using a site‐specifically placed thrombin cut site, antibody affinity can be modulated by cleavage of the two distinct antibody‐binding and antigen‐blocking domains of ProtM. Because of the high affinity of ProtM toward a large variety of IgG subtypes, this strategy may be used as a universal approach to create proantibodies that are conditionally activated by disease‐specific proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases.
Application of green analytical chemistry to a green chemistry process: Magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopic process monitoring of continuous ethanolic fermentation
Authors: Legner Robin , Wirtz Alexander , Koza Tim , Tetzlaff Till , Nickisch‐Hartfiel Anna , Jaeger Martin
Published: July 2019

Compact 1H NMR and Raman spectrometers were used for real‐time process monitoring of alcoholic fermentation in a continuous flow reactor. Yeast cells catalyzing the sucrose conversion were immobilized in alginate beads floating in the reactor. The spectrometers proved to be robust and could be easily attached to the reaction apparatus. As environmentally friendly analysis methods, 1H NMR and Raman spectroscopy were selected to match the resource‐ and energy‐saving process. Analyses took only a few seconds to minutes compared to chromatographic procedures and were, therefore, suitable for real‐time control realized as a feedback loop. Both compact spectrometers were successfully implemented online. Raman spectroscopy allowed for faster spectral acquisition and higher quantitative precision, NMR yielded more resolved signals thus higher specificity. By using the software Matlab for automated data loading and processing, relevant parameters such as the ethanol, glycerol, and sugar content could be easily obtained. The subsequent multivariate data analysis using partial linear least‐squares regression type 2 enabled the quantitative monitoring of all reactants within a single model in real time.
Biotransformation of Huperzine B by a Fungal Endophyte of Huperzia serrata
Authors: Zhan Zha‐Jun , Tian Ting , Xu Yi‐Lian , Yu Hang‐Fei , Zhang Cai‐Xue , Zhang Zhi‐Dong , Tang Qi‐Yong , Shan Wei‐Guang , Ying You‐Min
Published: July 2019

The biotransformation of huperzine B (hupB), one of the characteristic bioactive constituents of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata, by a fungal endophyte of the host plant was studied. One new compound, 8α,15α‐epoxyhuperzine B (1), along with two known oxygenated hupB analogs, 16‐hydroxyhuperzine B (2) and carinatumin B (3), was isolated and identified. The structures of all the isolates were deduced by spectroscopic methods including NMR, MS, IR, and UV spectra. The known compounds 2 and 3 were obtained from a microbial source for the first time. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on the microbial transformation of hupB and would facilitate further structural modification of hupB by chemo‐enzymatic method. In the LPS‐induced neuro‐inflammation injury assay, 8α,15α‐epoxyhuperzine B (1) exhibited moderate neuroprotective activity by increasing the viability of U251 cell lines with an EC50 of 40.1 nm.
MAPK‐mediated upregulation of fibrinogen‐like protein 2 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Liu Xiaochuan , Chu Yunxiang , Wang Dongsheng , Weng Yan , Jia Zhiwei
Published: July 2019

Fibrinogen‐like protein 2 (FGL2) has been reported to play a key role in the development of human cancers. However, it is still unmasked whether FGL2 plays a potential role in colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, the messenger RNA and protein expression levels were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cell counting kit‐8 assay, transwell migration, and invasion assay were carried out to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LOVO and SW620 cells. FGL2 was upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, as well as cell lines. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was activated in CRC tissues and cell lines. FGL2 was confirmed to be downregulated by MAPK signaling inhibitor U0126. Further, we determined that knockdown of FGL2 caused a reduction of proliferation, migration, and invasion in LOVO and SW620 cells. Consistently, treatment of LOVO and SW620 cells with U0126 led to a decrease in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, these changes initiated by U0126 were abolished by FGL2 overexpression. To conclude, MAPK‐mediated upregulation of FGL2 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells.
Statistical Analysis and Discovery of Heterogeneous Catalysts Based on Machine Learning from Diverse Published Data
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Toyao Takashi , Maeno Zen , Takakusagi Satoru , Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Takigawa Ichigaku
Published: July 2019

The literature provides insights for catalyst design and discovery. Effective analysis of reported data using machine learning (ML) methods offers the ability to gain valuable information. However, utilizing the literature in this way has obstacles such as lack of compositional overlaps, bias from prior published data, and low sample counts for many elements. The present study describes an ML approach that considers elemental features as input representations instead of inputting catalyst compositions directly. This ML method has the potential for catalyst discovery, including catalytic reactions with limited catalyst composition overlap in the available data. Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), water gas shift (WGS), and CO oxidation reactions were chosen to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method by analysis using several state‐of‐the‐art ML methods. Among the ML methods tested, gradient boosting regression with XGBoost (XGB) provided the best results, and prediction accuracy was improved by the proposed approach for all three reaction types. In addition, a quantitative value of “feature importance score” was calculated to evaluate the most influential input variables on catalyst performance. Finally, catalyst optimization was explored using ML as a “surrogate” model, and the top 20 promising candidate catalysts were identified for the OCM reaction based on the optimization. The advantages of ML in catalysis analysis as well as the difficulties and limitations originating from the complexity of heterogeneous catalysis were explored.
An improved multiple maximum scatter difference for process fault detection
Authors: Guo Xiaoping , Liu Shiyang , Li Yuan
Published: July 2019

Multiple maximum scatter difference (MMSD) method used in face recognition is first applied to process fault detection and an improved method is also proposed in this paper. MMSD method is used to extract feature space of normal data of processes and construct a statistic in the feature space for fault detection. However, MMSD method can be much effective for single‐mode processes. So for multi‐mode processes, an improved method—improved multiple maximum scatter difference (IMMSD)—is proposed, in which a data processing method local neighborhood standardization (LNS) is applied. The three‐phase flow facility process, a numerical example, and the Tennessee Eastman process are used to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Empirical performance of nonparametric regression over LRM and IGRM addressing influential observations
Authors: Khan Javaria Ahmad , Akbar Atif
Published: July 2019

Nonparametric regression is commonly used for summarizing the relationship between variables without requiring the assumptions of model. Generalized linear model and linear regression model are usually used to examine the relationship of variables, but both are badly affected by influential observations. Due to this, detection and removal of outliers attain a lot of attention of researchers to obtain reliable estimates. We focus on such robust technique whose performance is acceptable in the presence of outliers. The present article empirically compared the performance of linear regression model and generalized linear model with multivariate nonparametric kernel regression. Here, multivariate nonparametric kernel regression is used with Gaussian kernel and six different bandwidths on Aerial biomass data. The performance of nonparametric regression with Bayesian bandwidth was found to be better as compared with other methods.
Bromine‐Promoted Glycosidation of Conformationally Superarmed Thioglycosides
Authors: Panza Matteo , Civera Monica , Yasomanee Jagodige P. , Belvisi Laura , Demchenko Alexei V.
Published: July 2019

Presented herein is a study of the conformation and reactivity of highly reactive thioglycoside donors. The structural studies have been conducted using NMR spectroscopy and computational methods. The reactivity of these donors has been investigated in bromine‐promoted glycosylations of aliphatic and sugar alcohols. Swift reaction times, high yields, and respectable 1,2‐cis stereoselectivity were observed in a majority of these glycosylations.
A Cucurbit[8]uril 2:2 Complex with a Negative pKa Shift
Authors: Yin Hang , Cheng Qian , Rosas Roselyne , Viel Stéphane , Monnier Valérie , Charles Laurence , Siri Didier , Gigmes Didier , Ouari Olivier , Wang Ruibing , Kermagoret Anthony , Bardelang David
Published: July 2019

A viologen derivative carrying a benzimidazole group (V‐P‐I 2+; viologen–phenylene–imidazole V‐P‐I) can be dimerized in water using cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) in the form of a 2:2 complex resulting in a negative shift of the guest pKa, by more than 1 pH unit, contrasting with the positive pKa shift usually observed for CB‐based complexes. Whereas 2:2 complex protonation is unclear by NMR, silver cations have been used for probing the accessibility of the imidazole groups of the 2:2 complexes. The protonation capacity of the buried imidazole groups is reduced, suggesting that CB[8] could trigger proton release upon 2:2 complex formation. The addition of CB[8] to a solution containing V‐P‐ I3+ indeed released protons as monitored by pH‐metry and visualized by a coloured indicator. This property was used to induce a host/guest swapping, accompanied by a proton transfer, between V‐P‐I 3+⋅CB[7] and a CB[8] complex of 1‐methyl‐4‐(4‐pyridyl)pyridinium. The origin of this negative pKa shift is proposed to stand in an ideal charge state, and in the position of the two pH‐responsive fragments inside the two CB[8] which, alike residues engulfed in proteins, favour the deprotonated form of the guest molecules. Such proton release triggered by a recognition event is reminiscent of several biological processes and may open new avenues toward bioinspired enzyme mimics catalyzing proton transfer or chemical reactions.
Coordination Chemistry of P4S3 and P4Se3 towards the Iron Fragments [Fe(Cp)(CO)2]+ and [Fe(Cp)(PPh3)(CO)]+
Authors: Weis Philippe , Riddlestone Ian M. , Scherer Harald , Krossing Ingo
Published: July 2019

The complexes Ag(L)n[WCA] (L=P4S3, P4Se3, As4S3, and As4S4; [WCA]=[Al(ORF)4]− and [F{Al(ORF)3}2]−; RF=C(CF3)3; WCA=weakly coordinating anion) were tested for their performance as ligand‐transfer reagents to transfer the poorly soluble nortricyclane cages P4S3, P4Se3, and As4S3 as well as realgar As4S4 to different transition‐metal fragments. As4S4 and As4S3 with the poorest solubility did not yield complexes. However, the more soluble silver‐coordinated P4S3 and P4Se3 cages were transferred to the electron‐poor Fp+ moiety ([CpFe(CO)2]+). Thus, reaction of the silver salt in the presence of the ligand with Fp−Br yielded [Fp−P4S3][Al(ORF)4] (1 a), [Fp−P4S3][F(Al(ORF)3)2] (1 b), and [Fp−P4Se3][Al(ORF)4] (2). Reactions with P4S3 also yielded [FpPPh3−P4S3][Al(ORF)4] (3), a complex with the more electron‐rich monophosphine‐substituted Fp+ analogue [FpPPh3]+ ([CpFe(PPh3)(CO)]+). All complex salts were characterized by single‐crystal XRD, NMR, Raman, and IR spectroscopy. Interestingly, they show characteristic blueshifts of the vibrational modes of the cage, as well as structural contractions of the cages upon coordination to the Fp/FpPPh3 moieties, which oppose the typically observed cage expansions that lead to redshifts in the spectra. Structure, bonding, and thermodynamics were investigated by DFT calculations, which support the observed cage contractions. Its reason is assigned to σ and π donation from the slightly P−P and P−E antibonding P4E3‐cage HOMO (e symmetry) to the metal acceptor fragment.
Mechanistic Study on the Photogeneration of Hydrogen by Decamethylruthenocene
Authors: Rivier Lucie , Peljo Pekka , Maye Sunny , Méndez Manuel A. , Vrubel Heron , Vannay Laurent A. C. , Corminboeuf Clémence , Scanlon Micheál D. , Girault Hubert H.
Published: July 2019

Detailed studies on hydrogen evolution by decamethylruthenocene ([Cp*2RuII]) highlighted that metallocenes are capable of photoreducing hydrogen without the need for an additional sensitizer. Electrochemical, gas chromatographic, and spectroscopic (UV/Vis, 1H and 13C NMR) measurements corroborated by DFT calculations indicated that the production of hydrogen occurs by a two‐step process. First, decamethylruthenocene hydride [Cp*2RuIV(H)]+ is formed in the presence of an organic acid. Subsequently, [Cp*2RuIV(H)]+ is reversibly reduced in a heterolytic reaction with one‐photon excitation leading to a first release of hydrogen. Thereafter, the resultant decamethylruthenocenium ion [Cp*2RuIII]+ is further reduced with a second release of hydrogen by deprotonation of a methyl group of [Cp*2RuIII]+. Experimental and computational data show spontaneous conversion of [Cp*2RuII] to [Cp*2RuIV(H)]+ in the presence of protons. Calculations highlight that the first reduction is endergonic (ΔG0=108 kJ mol−1) and needs an input of energy by light for the reaction to occur. The hydricity of the methyl protons of [Cp*2RuII] was also considered.
A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Versatile Reactivity of an Oxocerium(IV) Complex: Concerted Versus Reductive Addition
Authors: Castro Ludovic , So Yat‐Ming , Cho Chang‐woo , Lortz Rolf , Wong Kai‐Hong , Wang Kai , Arnold Polly L. , Au‐Yeung Ka‐Chun , Sung Herman H.‐Y. , Williams Ian D. , Leung Wa‐Hung , Maron Laurent
Published: July 2019

A combined experimental and theoretical investigation on the cerium(IV) oxo complex [(LOEt)2Ce(=O)(H2O)]⋅MeC(O)NH2 (1; LOEt−=[Co(η5‐C5H5){P(O)(OEt)2}3]−) demonstrates that the intermediate spin‐state nature of the ground state of the cerium complex is responsible for the versatility of its reactivity towards small molecules such as CO, CO2, SO2, and NO. CASSCF calculations together with magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the ground state of the cerium complex is of multiconfigurational character and comprised of 74 % of CeIV and 26 % of CeIII. The latter is found to be responsible for its reductive addition behavior towards CO, SO2, and NO. This is the first report to date on the influence of the multiconfigurational ground state on the reactivity of a metal–oxo complex.
Food insecurity screening: A missing piece in cancer management
Authors: Patel Kanishka G. , Borno Hala T. , Seligman Hilary K.
Published: July 2019

Food insecurity is an underrecognized social determinant of health. The absence of food insecurity questions from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer problem list presents a missed opportunity to conduct a thorough evaluation of cancer distress and address a critical component of cancer disparities.
Dopaminergic modulation of olfactory‐evoked motor output in sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L.)
Authors: Beauséjour Philippe‐Antoine , Auclair François , Daghfous Gheylen , Ngovandan Catherine , Veilleux Danielle , Zielinski Barbara , Dubuc Réjean
Published: July 2019

Detection of chemical cues is important to guide locomotion in association with feeding and sexual behavior. Two neural pathways responsible for odor‐evoked locomotion have been characterized in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.), a basal vertebrate. There is a medial pathway originating in the medial olfactory bulb (OB) and a lateral pathway originating from the rest of the OB. These olfactomotor pathways are present throughout the life cycle of lampreys, but olfactory‐driven behaviors differ according to the developmental stage. Among possible mechanisms, dopaminergic (DA) modulation in the OB might explain the behavioral changes. Here, we examined DA modulation of olfactory transmission in lampreys. Immunofluorescence against DA revealed immunoreactivity in the OB that was denser in the medial part (medOB), where processes were observed close to primary olfactory afferents and projection neurons. Dopaminergic neurons labeled by tracer injections in the medOB were located in the OB, the posterior tuberculum, and the dorsal hypothalamic nucleus, suggesting the presence of both intrinsic and extrinsic DA innervation. Electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerve in an in vitro whole‐brain preparation elicited synaptic responses in reticulospinal cells that were modulated by DA. Local injection of DA agonists in the medOB decreased the reticulospinal cell responses whereas the D2 receptor antagonist raclopride increased the response amplitude. These observations suggest that DA in the medOB could modulate odor‐evoked locomotion. Altogether, these results show the presence of a DA innervation within the medOB that may play a role in modulating olfactory inputs to the motor command system of lampreys.
A First‐in‐Human Clinical Study With TRV734, an Orally Bioavailable G‐Protein–Biased Ligand at the μ‐Opioid Receptor
Authors: James Ian E. , Skobieranda Franck , Soergel David G. , Ramos Kimberly A. , Ruff Dennis , Fossler Michael J.
Published: July 2019

TRV734 is an orally bioavailable G‐protein–biased ligand at the μ‐opioid receptor. In nonclinical studies it was potently analgesic while causing less gastrointestinal dysfunction than morphine, suggesting unique benefits in acute pain management. A 2‐part, first‐in‐human study was conducted with ascending doses of TRV734 to explore its tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in healthy volunteers. TRV734 was well tolerated over the dose range 2 to 250 mg when administered orally. Plasma TRV734 maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve generally increased with dose, while time to maximum concentration was similar across doses (0.5–1.3 h). The half‐life increased with dose from 10 mg through 150 mg (0.75–2.28 h) but was similar from 150 mg through 250 mg. Pupil constriction, confirming central nervous system μ‐opioid receptor engagement, correlated with higher plasma TRV734 concentrations; the greatest reductions in pupil diameter occurring between 0 and 4 hours after dosing (–2.9 mm/h, with reduction peaking at 1 hour, and returning to baseline by 8 hours). Following administration of TRV734 125 mg under fasted or fed conditions, there was no significant difference in bioavailability when given as a solution or drug in capsule to fasted subjects. When drug in capsule was given to subjects following a high‐fat meal, absorption was slowed, resulting in decreased peak concentrations, but area under the plasma concentration–time curve was not affected.
Cat‐Tail‐Like Mesostructured Silica Fibers Decorated with Gold Nanowires: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application as Stretchable Sensors
Authors: Zhang Zhijia , Yap Lim Wei , Dong Dashen , Shi Qianqian , Wang Yan , Cheng Wenlong , Han Xiaojun
Published: July 2019

Invited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Prof. Xiaojun Han from Harbin Institute of Technology, China and Prof. Wenlong Cheng from Monash University, Australia. The cover picture shows how a stretchable sensor made from a 3D structure comprising mesostructured silica fibers decorated with gold nanowires exhibits reliable resistance signals for real‐time response to radial artery blood pulses. This work reinforces the idea of smart material hybridization and may offer flexible materials for real‐time, in situ health monitoring applications. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201900043.
Loss of a chloroplast encoded function could influence species range in kelp
Authors: Rana Shivani , Valentin Klaus , Bartsch Inka , Glöckner Gernot
Published: July 2019

Kelps are important providers and constituents of marine ecological niches, the coastal kelp forests. Kelp species have differing distribution ranges, but mainly thrive in temperate and arctic regions. Although the principal factors determining biogeographic distribution ranges are known, genomics could provide additional answers to this question.

We sequenced DNA from two Laminaria species with contrasting distribution ranges, Laminaria digitata and Laminaria solidungula. Laminaria digitata is found in the Northern Atlantic with a southern boundary in Brittany (France) or Massachusetts (USA) and a northern boundary in the Arctic, whereas L. solidungula is endemic to the Arctic only. From the raw reads of DNA, we reconstructed both chloroplast genomes and annotated them. A concatenated data set of all available brown algae chloroplast sequences was used for the calculation of a robust phylogeny, and sequence variations were analyzed.

The two Laminaria chloroplast genomes are collinear to previously analyzed kelp chloroplast genomes with important exceptions. Rearrangements at the inverted repeat regions led to the pseudogenization of ycf37 in L. solidungula, a gene possibly required under high light conditions. This defunct gene might be one of the reasons why the habitat range of L. solidungula is restricted to lowlight sublittoral sites in the Arctic. The inheritance pattern of single nucleotide polymorphisms suggests incomplete lineage sorting of chloroplast genomes in kelp species.

Our analysis of kelp chloroplast genomes shows that not only evolutionary information could be gleaned from sequence data. Concomitantly, those sequences can also tell us something about the ecological conditions which are required for species well‐being.
Strong muscles, weak heart: testosterone‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Doleeb Sarah , Kratz Ann , Salter Monica , Thohan Vinay
Published: July 2019

Exogenous anabolic androgen steroid use is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. A 53‐year‐old bodybuilder presented with 3 months of exertional dyspnoea. Physical examination showed tachycardia and pan‐systolic murmur; an echocardiogram showed a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of 15%. Evaluations included normal coronary angiogram, iron panel and thyroid studies, a negative viral panel (human immunodeficiency virus, Lyme disease, and hepatitis), and urine toxicology. He admitted to intramuscular anabolic steroid use; his testosterone level was 30 160.0 ng/dL (normal 280–1100 ng/dL). In addition to discontinuation of anabolic steroid use, he was treated with guideline‐directed heart failure medical therapy. Repeat echocardiogram at 6 months showed an EF of 54% and normalized testosterone level of 603.7 ng/dL. Anabolic steroid use is a rare, reversible cause of cardiomyopathy in young, otherwise healthy athletes; a high index of suspicion is required to prevent potentially fatal side effects.
The Potential of the Diphosphorus Complex [Cp2W2(CO)4(η2‐P2)] as an Organometallic Connecter in Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Elsayed Moussa Mehdi , Shelyganov Pavel A. , Wegley Brian , Seidl Michael , Scheer Manfred
Published: July 2019

For the first time, the tetrahedral diphosphorus complex [Cp2W2(CO)4(µ,η2:η2‐P2)] (Cp = C5H5) (3) is used as a connecter in supramolecular chemistry. The treatment of 3 with CuI halides leads to the formation of the new one‐dimensional (1D) linear polymers [Cu(µ‐X){Cp2W2(CO)4(µ,η2:η2:η1:η1‐P2)}]n {X = Cl (4), Br (5), I (6)}. The coordination polymers (CPs) 4–6 are almost insoluble in organic solvents, thus, their 31P MAS‐NMR spectra were recorded and found to be remarkably influenced by their solid‐state structures. Additionally, we demonstrate that by reacting the Cp‐substituted diphosphorus complex [Cp′2W2(CO)4(µ,η2:η2‐P2)] {Cp′ = C5H4{C(CH3)3}} (7) with CuBr, the unprecedented soluble 1D CP [Cu(µ‐Br){Cp′2W2(CO)4(µ,η2:η2:η1:η1‐P2)}]n (8) is obtained. Furthermore, the reactions of 3 with the AgI salts Ag[CF3SO3] and Ag[PF6] result in the formation of the oligomeric dicationic species [Ag2{Cp2W2(CO)4(µ,η2:η2:η2‐P2)}2 {Cp2W2(CO)4(µ,η2:η2:η1:η1‐P2)}2][X′]2 {X′ = [CF3SO3]– (9), [PF6]– (10)}.
α‐Diazo‐β‐oxosulfones as Partners in the Wolff 1,2,3‐Triazole Synthesis and the Wolff Rearrangement in the Presence of Aromatic Amines
Authors: Safrygin Alexander , Dar'in Dmitry , Kantin Grigory , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: July 2019

The readily available α‐diazo‐β‐oxosulfones have been employed, for the first time, in the Wolff cyclocondensation with aromatic amines promoted by 1.5‐fold excess of TiCl4. The reaction was found to be general (as illustrated by 15 product examples) and resulted in moderate yields of medicinally relevant sulfonyl 1,2,3‐triazoles. Excluding the Lewis acid promoter resulted in a clean and high‐yielding formation of α‐sulfonyl acetanilides resulting from the thermal Wolff rearrangement and trapping of the ketene intermediate with an aniline molecule.
A Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Heck‐Type Reaction of Disubstituted Vinylphosphonates in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Vinylphosphonates
Authors: Ren Linjing , Ran Maogang , He Jiaxin , Xiang Dan , Chen Feng , Liu Peijun , He Chunyang , Yao Qiuli
Published: July 2019

We describe a highly stereoselective and atomically economical approach for the preparation of trisubstituted vinylphosphonates through palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative Heck‐type reactions of vinylphosphonates. Excellent E/Z selectivity was achieved mostly with E‐isomers; this was difficult to achieve via traditional methods. Oxygen in the air was the sole oxidant, and this minimizes the use of high‐loading silver or other species. This work is the first example to synthesize vinylphosphonates via a catalyzed decarboxylative Heck‐type reaction.
An overview of security and privacy in smart cities' IoT communications
Authors: Al‐Turjman Fadi , Zahmatkesh Hadi , Shahroze Ramiz
Published: July 2019

Smart cities have brought significant improvements in quality of life and services to citizens and urban environments. They are fully enabled to control the physical objects in real time and provide intelligent information to citizens in terms of transport, healthcare, smart buildings, public safety, smart parking, and traffic system and smart agriculture, and so on. The applications of smart cities are able to collect sensitive information. However, various security and privacy issues may arise at different levels of the architecture. Therefore, it is important to be aware of these security and privacy issues while designing and implementing the applications. This paper highlights main applications of smart cities and addresses the major privacy and security issues in the architecture of the smart cities' applications. It also reviews some of the current solutions regarding the security and privacy of information‐centric smart cities' applications and presents future research challenges that still need to be considered for performance improvement.
Uplink cooperative diversity using power‐domain nonorthogonal multiple access
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Belal , Kader Md Fazlul , Shin Soo Young
Published: July 2019

In this paper, an uplink scheme that exploits cooperative diversity using power domain nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), termed UCD‐NOMA, with successive interference cancelation receivers is proposed. A two‐user case is considered, where both the NOMA users can communicate with the base station directly and indirectly via a half‐duplex decode‐and‐forward relay. Under perfect and imperfect successive interference cancelation assumptions, the ergodic sum capacity, outage probability, and outage sum capacity of the considered protocol are analyzed over the Rayleigh fading channel. As a protocol with which to compare the proposed UCD‐NOMA protocol, an uplink cooperative network using a conventional multiple access technique (termed UCD‐OMA) is also considered and analyzed. The performance excellence of UCD‐NOMA as compared to UCD‐OMA is clarified through simulations and theoretical analyses.
Generalized PVO‐based dynamic block reversible data hiding for secure transmission using firefly algorithm
Authors: Abbasi Rashid , Faseeh Qureshi Nawab Muhammad , Hassan Haseeb , Saba Tanzila , Rehman Amjad , Luo Bin , Bashir Ali Kashif
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we proposed a novel generalized pixel value ordering–based reversible data hiding using firefly algorithm (GPVOFA). The sequence of minimum and maximum number pixels value has been used to embed the secret data while prediction and modification are held on minimum, and the maximum number of pixel blocks is used to embed the secret data into multiple bits. The host image is divided into the size of noncoinciding dynamic blocks on the basis of firefly quadtree partition, whereas rough blocks are divided into a larger size; moreover, providing more embedding capacity used small flat blocks size and optimal location in the block to write the information. Our proposed method becomes able to embed large data into a host image with low distortion. The rich experimental results are better, as compared with related preceding arts.
Biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of Middle and Late Ordovician conodonts from the Hulo and Yenwashan formations, western Zhejiang, south‐eastern China
Authors: Wu Rongchang , Stouge Svend , Zhang Yuandong , Wang Zhihao , Song Yanyan
Published: July 2019

A total of 5,918 conodonts have been recovered from the upper Hulo Formation and the lower Yenwashan Formation in the Hengdu section, Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province, south‐eastern China, spanning the interval from the middle Darriwilian to the early Sandbian. Thirty‐three species, belonging to 24 genera, have been identified with three biozones (i.e., the Dzikodus tablepointensis Biozone, the Histiodella kristinae Biozone, and the Pygodus anserinus Biozone) recognized in the region. Using multivariate analysis, the Periodon–Protopanderodus biofacies is recorded from the upper Hulo Formation, and the Periodon–Pygodus biofacies and the Protopanderodus–Baltoniodus biofacies are recorded from the lower Yenwashan Formation. The Periodon–Protopanderodus biofacies and the Periodon–Pygodus biofacies represent a deep‐water environment, such as the margin of the platform and/or slope environment, deeper than that of the Protopanderodus–Baltoniodus biofacies.
Report on the AASLD/EASL Joint Workshop on Clinical Trial Endpoints in NAFLD
Authors: Rinella Mary E. , Tacke Frank , Sanyal Arun J. , Anstee Quentin M. ,   on behalf of the participants of the AASLD/EASL Workshop
Published: July 2019

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health concern. Its natural history, the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, is highly variable, prone to endogenous (e.g., genetics, microbiota) and exogenous (e.g., nutrition, alcohol, physical activity) disease modifiers, and can fluctuate over time. The complexity of its pathophysiology is reflected by the multitude of pharmacological targets in development. NASH clinical trials have provided valuable insight that is applicable to future trial design. Endpoints for NASH have evolved over the past decade and will continue to be refined. Currently accepted endpoints for conditional approval include resolution of NASH without worsening of fibrosis and/or improvement in fibrosis without worsening of NASH by standardized evaluation of paired liver histology. In pediatric NASH, practical obstacles, pubertal hormonal changes, and stringent safety requirements mandate adaptations in trial design. In adult patients with NASH‐related cirrhosis, clinical events (e.g. decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma, transplantation, death) are more prevalent and thereby are viable primary endpoints. Consideration of the natural fluctuation of disease, the clinical implication of the chosen primary endpoint, and factors that may affect placebo response will facilitate an accurate determination of efficacy of emerging therapeutics for NASH. Conclusion: The June 2018 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and European Association for the Study of the Liver joint workshop on NAFLD endpoints summarized important findings from ongoing and completed trials, defined the scientific evidence supporting distinct endpoints, and provided guidance for future trial design.