bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensionality reduction of neuronal degeneracy reveals two interfering physiological mechanisms
Authors: Fyon Arthur , Franci Alessio , Sacré Pierre , Drion Guillaume
Published: September 2024

Neuronal systems maintain stable functions despite large variability in their physiological components. Ion channel expression, in particular, is highly variable in neurons exhibiting similar electrophysiological phenotypes, which raises questions regarding how specific ion channel subsets reliably shape intrinsic properties of neurons. Here, we use detailed conductance-based modeling to explore how stable neuronal function is achieved despite variability in channel composition among neurons. Using dimensionality reduction, we uncover two principal dimensions in the channel conductance space that capture most of the variance of the observed variability. These two dimensions correspond to two sources of variability that originate from distinct physiologically relevant mechanisms underlying the regulation of neuronal activity, providing quantitative insights into how channel composition is linked to the electrophysiological activity of neurons. These insights allow us to understand and design a model-independent, reliable neuromodulation rule for variable neuronal populations.
Large language models and humans converge in judging public figures’ personalities
Authors: Cao Xubo , Kosinski Michal
Published: September 2024

ChatGPT-4 and 600 human raters evaluated 226 public figures’ personalities using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. The correlation between ChatGPT-4 and aggregate human ratings ranged from r = 0.76 to 0.87, outperforming the models specifically trained to make such predictions. Notably, the model was not provided with any training data or feedback on its performance. We discuss the potential explanations and practical implications of ChatGPT-4's ability to mimic human responses accurately.
DEFB119 stratifies dysbiosis with distorted networks in the seminal microbiome associated with male infertility
Authors: Jin Jing , Yim Howard Chi Ho , Chang Hsiao Mei Ellie , Wang Yiwei , Choy Kathleen Hoi Kei , Chan Sze Yan , Alqawasmeh Odai A M , Liao Jinyue , Jiang Xiao-Tao , Chan David Yiu Leung , Fok Ellis Kin Lam
Published: September 2024

Infertility is associated with the alteration of the seminal microbiome. However, the onset of dysbiosis remains controversial and the involvement of host factors remains elusive. This study investigates the alterations of the seminal microbiome in male infertility and examines the association and function of DEFB119, a reproductive-tract-specific host antimicrobial peptide, on the seminal microbiome and male fertility. While we observed comparable genera, diversity and evenness of bacterial communities, a marked decrease in the modularity of the metacommunities was observed in patients with abnormal spermiogram (n = 57) as compared to the control (n = 30). A marked elevation of DEFB119 was observed in a subpopulation of male infertile patients (n = 5). Elevated seminal DEFB119 was associated with a decrease in the observed genera, diversity and evenness of bacterial communities, and further distortion of the metacommunities. Mediation analysis suggests the involvement of elevated DEFB119 and dysbiosis of the seminal microbiome in mediating the abnormalities in the spermiogram. Functional experiments showed that recombinant DEFB119 significantly decrease the progressive motility of sperm in patients with abnormal spermiogram. Moreover, DEFB119 demonstrated species-specific antimicrobial activity against common seminal and nonseminal species. Our work identifies an important host factor that mediates the host–microbiome interaction and stratifies the seminal microbiome associated with male infertility. These results may lead to a new diagnostic method for male infertility and regimens for formulating the microbiome in the reproductive tract and other organ systems.
Choice architecture promotes sustainable choices in online food-delivery apps
Authors: Lohmann Paul M , Gsottbauer Elisabeth , Farrington James , Human Steve , Reisch Lucia A
Published: September 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions from the food system constitute about one-third of the global total, hence mitigation in this sphere of human activity is a vital goal for research and policy. This study empirically tests the effectiveness of different interventions to reduce the carbon footprint of food choices made on food-delivery apps, using an incentive-compatible online randomized controlled trial with 4,008 participants. The experiment utilized an interactive web platform that mimics popular online food-delivery platforms (such as Just Eat) and included three treatment conditions: a sign-posted meat tax, a carbon-footprint label, and a choice-architecture intervention that changed the order of the menu so that the lowest carbon-impact restaurants and dishes were presented first. Results show that only the choice-architecture nudge significantly reduced the average meal carbon footprint—by 0.3 kg/CO2e per order (12%), driven by a 5.6 percentage point (13%) reduction in high-carbon meal choices. Moreover, we find evidence of significant health and well-being co-benefits. Menu repositioning resulted in the average meal order having greater nutritional value and fewer calories, whilst significantly increasing self-reported satisfaction with the meal choice. Simple back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that menu repositioning would be a highly cost-effective policy instrument if implemented at scale, with the return on investment expected to be in the range of £1.28 to £3.85 per metric ton of avoided CO2 emissions, depending on implementation costs.
Mapping science in artificial intelligence policy development: formulation, trends, and influences
Authors: Cabral Bernardo , Salles-Filho Sergio
Published: September 2024

This research maps the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) policy and its scientific underpinnings. First, we analyzed the global AI policy landscape using the Overton policy documents database, which comprises millions of policy documents. Findings reveal a substantial increase in AI policy documents since 2018, with the USA, European Union (EU), and intergovernmental organizations leading policy development efforts. We also analyzed the scientific articles referenced within these policies. The USA stood out as a central hub in the production and funding of AI research, with other Global North countries playing a notable role alongside China. The research cited in AI policy documents predominantly features journals with a high-impact factor, such as Nature and Science. This analysis aims to deepen the understanding of the AI policy landscape, offering insights for academics and policymakers and contributing to managing AI’s global governance.
The development and evaluation of the Designing for Dissemination and Implementation Learning Hub
Authors: McCarthy Michaela S , McCreight Marina , Lujan Deisy Hernandez , Sjoberg Heidi , Battaglia Catherine
Published: September 2024

There is a growing emphasis on reducing the gap between research and routine practice. Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) science offers theories, models, and frameworks to enhance the implementation, impact, and sustainment of new programs and interventions. Few training opportunities are available that help leaders, researchers, clinicians, and staff (implementers) translate original research into practice settings in a more timely and effective manner without requiring significant time away from their primary clinical duties. To address these needs, we designed a virtual Designing for Dissemination and Implementation (D4D&I) Learning Hub that offered foundational D&I knowledge and opportunities for skill building. We developed the D4D&I Learning Hub curricula to train novice participants in the multicomponent D4D&I implementation strategy bundle when implementing new programs or innovations. The components of the D4D&I strategy bundle include (i) Pre-implementation assessment for proactive planning and multilevel contextual assessment, (ii) Multilevel partner engagement to learn what is important to end-users and obtain buy-in, (iii) Implementation and adaptations guided by a pre-implementation assessment while retaining program fidelity, and (iv) Program evaluation. We utilized a virtual e-learning platform, expert trainers, mentorship, and a Virtual Learning Collaborative to deliver the six-module curricula to support participants’ growth and success. We used quantitative and qualitative methods informed by the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model to evaluate the D4D&I Learning Hub. Thirty-one participants completed the D4D&I Learning Hub across four cohorts. Participants found the D4D&I curricula relevant and favorable, indicating they acquired the intended knowledge and skills. In presentations of their key takeaways, participants cited a greater understanding of how to apply various D&I theories, models, and frameworks to their research, engage multilevel partners during all phases of implementation and evaluation, and assess fidelity and adaptations. Participants planned to incorporate the acquired D&I knowledge and skills in future publications, grant applications, and when implementing new programs and projects in clinical settings. The D4D&I Learning Hub provides foundational education for novice participants of D&I science. It promotes designing, disseminating, implementing, and evaluating effective programs in clinical settings. This article discusses the development and implementation of the D4D&I Learning Hub. In addition, we evaluated the first four cohorts using the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model.
Scalable and successful patient portal lifestyle coaching training for primary care clinical staff
Authors: Cedillo Maribel , Zepeda Jesell , Kiraly Bernadette , Flynn Michael , Larios Elizalde Paulina , Zheutlin Emily , Rudd Elizabeth A , Kukhareva Polina V , Butler Jorie M , Hess Rachel , Kawamoto Kensaku , Estabrooks Paul , Conroy Molly B
Published: September 2024

Maintaining a healthy weight postintentional weight loss is crucial for preventing chronic health conditions, yet many regain weight postintervention. Electronic health record (EHR) portals offer a promising avenue for weight management interventions, leveraging patient-primary care relationships. Our previous research demonstrated that coaching alongside self-monitoring improves weight maintenance compared to monitoring alone. Integrating weight management into routine clinical practice by training existing staff could enhance scalability and sustainability. However, challenges such as inconsistent staff qualifications and high coach turnover rates could affect intervention effectiveness. Standardizing services, training, and coaching continuity seem crucial for success. To report on developing, testing, and evaluating an EHR-based coaching training program for clinical staff, guided by an implementation tool for the MAINTAIN PRIME study. Conducted across 14 University of Utah primary care sites, we developed, tested, and evaluated a coaching training for clinical staff. Guided by a planning model and the Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing (PER) tool, stakeholders actively participated in planning, ensuring alignment with clinic priorities. All clinical staff were invited to participate voluntarily. Evaluation measures included staff interest, training effectiveness, confidence, and readiness. Data collection utilized REDCap, with survey results analyzed using descriptive statistics. Despite increased clinical workload and reassignments posed by coronavirus disease 2019, we were able to train 39 clinical staff, with 34 successfully coaching patients. Feedback indicated high readiness and positive perceptions of coaching feasibility. Coaches reported satisfaction with training, support, and enjoyed establishing connections with patients. The PER strategies allowed us to implement a well-received training program found effective by primary care coaches.
An industry perspective on the FDA Modernization Act 2.0/3.0: potential next steps for sponsors to reduce animal use in drug development
Authors: Carratt Sarah A , Zuch de Zafra Christina L , Oziolor Elias , Rana Payal , Vansell Nichole R , Mangipudy Raja , Vaidya Vishal S
Published: September 2024

Pharmaceutical developers are encouraged to adopt the best practices of being purposefully thoughtful about the use of animals, seeking alternatives wherever possible. They should engage with health authorities to increase their familiarity with the methods, study designs, data outputs, and the context of use for new approach methodologies (NAMs). Although current state of technology does not yet provide adequate models to fully replace in vivo studies, many models are sufficiently good for an augmented approach that will enhance our understanding of in vitro to in vivo correlations and advance the long-term goal of reducing animal use through innovative NAMs. The goal of future nonclinical safety packages is to advance the utilization of such enabling technologies toward appropriate human risk characterization. Establishing confidence in NAMs is a critical first step. For example, sponsors may include both “traditional” and NAM-based nonclinical safety data in regulatory submissions to establish confidence with health authorities. In addition, regulators should create a “safe harbor” for hybrid nonclinical data packages to facilitate iterative learning, refinement, and implementation of NAM-based safety assessment strategies. Sponsors are urged to contribute to NAMs evolution through consortia participation, peer-reviewed publications, and documenting animal reduction in studies/programs, accelerating the eventual elimination of animal use in pharmaceutical development, as envisioned in the FDA Modernization Act 3.0.
An in vitro and machine learning framework for quantifying serum albumin binding of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Authors: Starnes Hannah M , Green Adrian J , Reif David M , Belcher Scott M
Published: September 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse class of anthropogenic chemicals; many are persistent, bioaccumulative, and mobile in the environment. Worldwide, PFAS bioaccumulation causes serious adverse health impacts, yet the physiochemical determinants of bioaccumulation and toxicity for most PFAS are not well understood, largely due to experimental data deficiencies. As most PFAS are proteinophilic, protein binding is a critical parameter for predicting PFAS bioaccumulation and toxicity. Among these proteins, human serum albumin (HSA) is the predominant blood transport protein for many PFAS. We previously demonstrated the utility of an in vitro differential scanning fluorimetry assay for determining relative HSA binding affinities for 24 PFAS. Here, we report HSA affinities for 65 structurally diverse PFAS from 20 chemical classes. We leverage these experimental data, and chemical/molecular descriptors of PFAS, to build 7 machine learning classifier algorithms and 9 regression algorithms, and evaluate their performance to identify the best predictive binding models. Evaluation of model accuracy revealed that the top-performing classifier model, logistic regression, had an AUROC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) statistic of 0.936. The top-performing regression model, support vector regression, had an R2 of 0.854. These top-performing models were then used to predict HSA–PFAS binding for chemicals in the EPAPFASINV list of 430 PFAS. These developed in vitro and in silico methodologies represent a high-throughput framework for predicting protein–PFAS binding based on empirical data, and generate directly comparable binding data of potential use in predictive modeling of PFAS bioaccumulation and other toxicokinetic endpoints.
Contrasting regulation of leaf gas exchange of semi-arid tree species under repeated drought
Authors: Tarin Tonantzin , Eamus Derek , Santini Nadia S , Nolan Rachael H
Published: September 2024

Predicting how plants respond to drought requires an understanding of how physiological mechanisms and drought response strategies occur, as these strategies underlie rates of gas exchange and productivity. We assessed the response of 11 plant traits to repeated experimental droughts in four co-occurring species of central Australia. The main goals of this study were to: (i) compare the response to drought between species; (ii) evaluate whether plants acclimated to repeated drought; and (iii) examine the degree of recovery in leaf gas exchange after cessation of drought. Our four species of study were two tree species and two shrub species, which field studies have shown to occupy different ecohydrological niches. The two tree species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Corymbia opaca (D.J.Carr & S.G.M.Carr) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson) had large reductions in stomatal conductance (gs) values, declining by 90% in the second drought. By contrast, the shrub species (Acacia aptaneura Maslin & J.E.Reid and Hakea macrocarpa A.Cunn. ex R.Br.) had smaller reductions gs in the second drought of 52 and 65%, respectively. Only A. aptaneura showed a physiological acclimatation to drought due to small declines in gs versus ᴪpd (0.08 slope) during repeated droughts, meaning they maintained higher rates of gs compared with plants that only experienced one final drought (0.19 slope). All species in all treatments rapidly recovered leaf gas exchange and leaf mass per area following drought, displaying physiological plasticity to drought exposure. This research refines our understanding of plant physiological responses to recurrent water stress, which has implications for modelling of vegetation, carbon assimilation and water use in semi-arid environments under drought.
Objective Determination of Site-of-Lesion in Auditory Neuropathy
Authors: Zanin Julien , Rance Gary
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

Auditory neuropathy (AN), a complex hearing disorder, presents challenges in diagnosis and management due to limitations of current diagnostic assessment. This study aims to determine whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify the site and severity of lesions in individuals with AN.

Methods:

This case-control study included 10 individuals with AN of different etiologies, 7 individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), 5 individuals with cochlear hearing loss, and 37 control participants. Participants were recruited through the University of Melbourne’s Neuroaudiology Clinic and the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute specialist outpatient clinics. Diffusion-weighted MRI data were collected for all participants and the auditory pathways were evaluated using the fixel-based analysis metric of apparent fiber density. Data on each participant’s auditory function were also collected including hearing thresholds, otoacoustic emissions, auditory evoked potentials, and speech-in-noise perceptual ability.

Results:

Analysis of diffusion-weighted MRI showed abnormal white matter fiber density in distinct locations within the auditory system depending on etiology. Compared with controls, individuals with AN due to perinatal oxygen deprivation showed no white matter abnormalities (p > 0.05), those with a neurodegenerative conditions known/predicted to cause VIII cranial nerve axonopathy showed significantly lower white matter fiber density in the vestibulocochlear nerve (p < 0.001), while participants with NF1 showed lower white matter fiber density in the auditory brainstem tracts (p = 0.003). In addition, auditory behavioral measures of speech perception in noise and gap detection were correlated with fiber density results of the VIII nerve.

Conclusions:

Diffusion-weighted MRI reveals different patterns of anatomical abnormality within the auditory system depending on etiology. This technique has the potential to guide management recommendations for individuals with peripheral and central auditory pathway abnormality.
Risk Stratification and Management of Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients With Neuromuscular Disease
Authors: McKenzie Erica D. , Kromm Julie A. , Mobach Theodore , Solverson Kevin , Waite Joshua , Rabinstein Alejandro A.
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES:

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are the most common causes of acute neuromuscular respiratory failure resulting in ICU admission. This synthetic narrative review summarizes the evidence for the prediction and management of acute neuromuscular respiratory failure due to GBS and MG.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched PubMed for relevant literature and reviewed bibliographies of included articles for additional relevant studies.

STUDY SELECTION:

English-language publications were reviewed.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Data regarding study methodology, patient population, evaluation metrics, respiratory interventions, and clinical outcomes were qualitatively assessed.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

No single tool has sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of acute neuromuscular respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Multimodal assessment, integrating history, examination maneuvers (single breath count, neck flexion strength, bulbar weakness, and paradoxical breathing) and pulmonary function testing are ideal for risk stratification. The Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score is a validated tool useful for GBS. Noninvasive ventilation can be effective in MG but may not be safe in early GBS. Airway management considerations are similar across both conditions, but dysautonomia in GBS requires specific attention. Extubation failure is common in MG, and early tracheostomy may be beneficial for MG. Prolonged ventilatory support is common, and good functional outcomes may occur even when prolonged ventilation is required.

CONCLUSIONS:

Multimodal assessments integrating several bedside indicators of bulbar and respiratory muscle function can aid in evidence-based risk stratification for respiratory failure among those with neuromuscular disease. Serial evaluations may help establish a patient’s trajectory and to determine timing of respiratory intervention.
CT angiography for TAVI planning: Image quality with constant and variable contrast injection rates
Authors: He Chunyan , Lu Lixin , Che Zurui , Huang Lu , Lu Ming , Ou Yuan
Published: September 2024

Background:

To assess the image quality of computed tomography angiography (CTA) with variable-rate and constant-rate contrast injection protocols for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) planning.

Methods:

Ninety-seven patients undergoing 256-row multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) for TAVI planning were included. A variable-rate contrast injection protocol was employed for 46 patients (study group), while 51 patients underwent a standard constant-rate contrast injection protocol (control group). Objective image quality metrics, including CT value, standard deviation (SD), beam hardening artifact (BHA), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), were evaluated for the right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), right atrium (RA), and aorta. Subjective image quality, including diagnostic image quality and visualization of the aorta and major coronary artery branches, was assessed by two radiologists.

Results:

There were no significant differences in CT values between the study and control groups for RCA, LAD, LCX, RA, and aorta. Coronary artery SD in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (39.77 ± 8.00 vs. 65.06 ± 18.09, P < 0.01). Coronary artery and aorta SNR in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.01 for both). Coronary artery CNR in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.01), while aorta CNR did not differ significantly between groups. Subjective image quality scores for coronary artery visualization were significantly higher in the study group (3.98 ± 0.71 vs. 3.41 ± 0.68, P = 0.021, ICC = 0.87).

Conclusion:

Compared to the standard CTA protocol, the variable-rate contrast injection protocol reduces hardening artifacts and provides high-quality images for accurate TAVI planning.
Pain mechanistic networks: the development using supervised multivariate data analysis and implications for chronic pain
Authors: Giordano Rocco , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Gerra Maria Carla , Kappel Andreas , Østergaard Svend Erik , Capriotti Camila , Dallabona Cristina , Petersen Kristian Kjær-Staal
Published: September 2024

Chronic postoperative pain is present in approximately 20% of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Studies indicate that pain mechanisms are associated with development and maintenance of chronic postoperative pain. The current study assessed pain sensitivity, inflammation, microRNAs, and psychological factors and combined these in a network to describe chronic postoperative pain. This study involved 75 patients with and without chronic postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty. Clinical pain intensity, Oxford Knee Score, and pain catastrophizing were assessed as clinical parameters. Quantitative sensory testing was assessed to evaluate pain sensitivity and microRNAs, and inflammatory markers were likewise analyzed. Supervised multivariate data analysis with “Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker Discovery” using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) was used to describe the chronic postoperative pain intensity. Two DIABLO models were constructed by dividing the patients into 3 groups or 2 defined by clinical pain intensities. Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents model explained chronic postoperative pain and identified factors involved in pain mechanistic networks among assessments included in the analysis. Developing models of 3 or 2 patient groups using the assessments and the networks could explain 81% and 69% of the variability in clinical postoperative pain intensity. The reduction of the number of parameters stabilized the models and reduced the explanatory value to 69% and 51%. This is the first study to use the DIABLO model for chronic postoperative pain and to demonstrate how different pain mechanisms form a pain mechanistic network. The complex model explained 81% of the variability of clinical pain intensity, whereas the less complex model explained 51% of the variability of clinical pain intensity.
Early removal of transorbital penetrating traumatic brain injury by a wooden object: a case report
Authors: Regmi Parbatraj , Dahal Alok , Bhattrai Samiksha , Nandan Khadga Shambhu , Regmi Sagar Mani , Paudyal Aliza
Published: September 2024

Introduction and importance:

Transorbital penetrating traumatic brain injury (TPTBI) is a rare cause of penetrating head injury, yet the diagnoses can be overlooked in some cases due to incomplete history, trivial trauma, and the absence of immediate neurologic deficits.

Case presentation:

A 4-year-old male child was admitted with a diagnosis of TPTBI by a wooden object. Noncontrast enhanced CT scan revealed a linear hypodense structure extending from the superior wall of the right orbit into the frontal lobe with displaced fragments into the brain. Additionally, cerebral contusion, pneumocephalus, and hematoma with surrounding edema were seen in the frontal lobe. Early extraction of the foreign body was performed by a multidisciplinary team of neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists. The wooden fragment of size 10 cm×1 cm×1 cm was removed by a small mini-craniotomy of the right frontal supraorbital bone with the gentle pulling of it through the dura mater and frontal cortex. The postoperative course was uncomplicated, vision was restored, and there were no neurologic deficits at the time of discharge on the seventh postoperative day with good postoperative outcomes.

Clinical discussion:

Delayed removal of TPTBI may be complicated by misidentification of entry points, extensive scarring around the foreign body, adherence to the intracranial vessels, and increasing mortality due to infectious complications. Therefore, early exploration with the help of a multidisciplinary team will most likely result in successful debridement, good neurologic outcomes, and lower morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion:

Accurate diagnosis and early intervention for TPTBI may prevent possible infectious and neurologic complications.
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Duplicate Inflammatory Marker Use
Authors: Bakkum Kathryn E. , Stoner Kathy H. , Gannon David A. , Mike Thomas B. , Rajbhandari Prabi
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Inflammatory markers (IMs) are often ordered in multiples, even though evidence suggests that this does not add any clinical benefit. The project aimed to reduce the number of duplicate IMs for patients by 10% in 12 months.

Methods:

We implemented a quality improvement (QI) project at our hospital, focusing on patients admitted to the pediatric hospital medicine service. The team chose the model for improvement as the QI methodology. Key interventions included ongoing provider education, integrating the project into the physician incentive plan, and reviewing disease-specific pathways. The primary outcome measure was “duplicate IM use,” which was defined as any two or more IMs (procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate) obtained on the same patient within 24 hours. The secondary outcome measure was any IM use during their stay, and the balancing measures were average complete blood count use, hospital length of stay, and 7-day readmission rate.

Results:

The baseline duplicate IM use, and any IM use was 43% and 19%, respectively. After the start of this QI project, duplicate IM use decreased to 12%, and the use of any IM also decreased to 12%. Complete blood count use varied from 11% to 24% during the project without obvious correlation to IM use. Hospital length of stay decreased from 2.5 to 2.6 days, and the 7-day readmission rate remained at 2.8%.

Conclusions:

The duplicate IM use and IM use were decreased without a concurrent increase in the balancing measures, indicating that a safe reduction of IM testing is feasible in inpatient pediatric care.
Lip Symmetry After Cleft Lip Repair Fisher in Unilateral Cleft Lip: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bangun Kristaninta , Koespriyandito  , Tania Vika , Menna Clara
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this research is to learn the outcomes of lip symmetry after cleft lip repair by Fisher in unilateral cleft lip compared with other techniques. This systematic review searched English full-text available articles in 4 databases: Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, and hand searched through grey literature and reference lists. Subjects were those with unilateral cleft lip without syndromic disorders who had primary cleft lip repair. The authors compared the technique by Fisher with other cleft lip repair techniques. Outcomes were lip symmetry determined quantitatively by lip anthropometric measurement and qualitatively by the Steffensen grading criteria. Four studies were included with a total of 150 cleft lip repairs, comparing the technique by Fisher with techniques by Millard, Mohler, and modified Millard. The 4 studies underwent critical appraisal, data analysis, qualitative synthesis, and meta-analysis. Assessment with Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 for randomized controlled trials and “Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies–of Interventions” for nonrandomized studies displayed an overall high risk of bias in the included studies. “Grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation” revealed a very low quality of evidence for this review. All 4 studies noted better subjective lip symmetry in the technique by Fisher, but lip and vermilion height were better after the technique by Millard. This review found superior lip symmetry quality but inferior lip symmetry anthropometry after the technique by Fisher compared with the technique by Millard and its modifications, with a low quality of evidence.
Social Vulnerability and Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Care among Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chan Kelley , Palis Bryan E , Cotler Joseph H , Janczewski Lauren M , Weigel Ronald J , Ko Clifford Y , Bentrem David J
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cancer outcome disparities have been reported in highly vulnerable communities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of social vulnerability with receipt of guideline-concordant care (GCC) and mortality risk for patients with colorectal cancer.

STUDY DESIGN:

This retrospective observational study identified patients with stage I to III colon or stage II to III rectal cancer between 2018 and 2020 from the National Program of Cancer Registries Database. Data were merged with the CDC Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) at the county level. GCC was defined as stage-appropriate lymphadenectomy, radiation therapy, or systemic therapy. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression investigated associations of SVI, as a continuous and categorical variable stratified into quartiles, with GCC and 3-year cancer-specific mortality risk, respectively.

RESULTS:

Among 124,950 patients (colon, 102,399; rectal, 22,551), median SVI was 60.9 (interquartile range 35.0 to 79.5). Patients in the highest SVI quartile had 21% decreased odds of receiving GCC (95% CI 0.76 to 0.83). Treatment at Commission on Cancer (CoC)-accredited hospitals was associated with increased GCC (odds ratio 1.79; 95% CI 1.72 to 1.85). Although there was an inverse, decreasing association between SVI and probability of GCC, probability at non-CoC-accredited hospitals declined faster than at CoC-accredited hospitals (p < 0.05). After adjusting for receipt of GCC, highly vulnerable patients treated at CoC-accredited hospitals had decreased mortality risk (hazard ratio 0.91; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.98).

CONCLUSIONS:

For highly vulnerable patients, treatment at CoC-accredited hospitals was associated with increased receipt of GCC and decreased mortality risk, which may reflect CoC accreditation requirements for treatment guideline adherence, community engagement, and addressing barriers to care.
Effect of soaking conditions on physicochemical properties and
sensory quality of cooked glutinous rice with an electric rice
cooker
Authors: Khwanchai Paideang , Suwalee Fong-In , Prommajak Trakul , Phandaeng Noppakao
Published: September 2024

This research aimed to investigate the changes in physicochemical properties and
sensory qualities of cooked glutinous rice (RD6) by using the electric rice
cooker method with different soaking conditions compared to cooking glutinous
rice by steaming in a conventional steamer (control). Glutinous rice grain was
soaked at different soaking conditions of temperatures at 25 and 45°C and
soaking time for 30, 60, and 90 min, and then were cooked by the electric rice
cooker. The results indicated that the degree of starch gelatinization was
increasingly correlated with the moisture content and water activity of the
cooked waxy rice. Moreover, with the increase in the degree of gelatinization,
the hardness value exhibited a decreasing trend, and the adhesiveness value
increased. The L* (lightness), a* (redness), and whiteness index of cooked
glutinous rice increased when the temperature and time of soaking increased,
while the color intensity decreased. The overall acceptability scores indicated
that the lower soaking time obtained a higher score for cooked glutinous rice.
Compared with the control sample, the soaking conditions for the temperature and
time of 25°C/30 min or 45°C/30 min are viewed as a suitable ratio
of a good quality product for cooked glutinous rice by using the electric rice
cooker method, in which rice cooking provided the high score of overall
acceptability on consumer preference.
Analyzing quality characteristics of texturized vegetable protein
using defatted soy flour with rice flour and rice starch
Authors: Park Chan Soon , Seo Mi Sook , Jung Sun Young , Lee Seul , Park Boram , Park Shin Young , Kim Yong Suk
Published: September 2024

This study analyzed the quality of texturized vegetable protein (TVP) made from
defatted soy flour combined with flour or starch from rice sources. The base raw
material formulation consisted of 50% soybean protein, 30% gluten,
and 20% rice flour and rice starch. A cooling die-equipped extruder was
used with a barrel temperature of 190°C and screw rotation speed of 250
rpm. The hardness and cutting strength of the extruded TVP were found to be
higher for white rice than for glutinous rice and higher for flour than for
starch. Gumminess and chewiness were similar across rice types, but higher for
flour than for starch. White rice TVP had a lower water absorption capacity than
glutinous rice TVP. Turbidity was lowest for white rice flour and highest for
corn starch. Using rice flour instead of starch in TVP production can simplify
processing and contribute to promoting the consumption of rice.
Physicochemical quality characteristics of nurungji
prepared from rice and Raphanus sativus powder
Authors: Iradukunda Dieudonne , Kang Yoon-Han
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the physicochemical quality, antioxidant activity,
instrumental sensory characteristics of nurungi prepared from
rice and dried-radish root bugak powder (DRBP). DRBP was made
from dried-radish root bugak (DRB) coated with 80%
superfine glutinous and 20% non-glutinous rice powders. The
nurungji food products were prepared using 80%
non-glutinous rice and 20% glutinous rice, and DRBP, which was added at
different levels of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, respectively (NR-2, NR-4, NR-6,
NR-8, and NR-10). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were increased
from 21.34 to 27.87 mL, and 7.46 to 20.05 mgNE/mL respectively, as the amounts
of DRBP increased. Color L*-value, pH, and hydration properties were
decreased with the increased amounts of DRBP. The electronic tongue results
showed that NR-6 sample had high umami scores and sourness compared to the
control sample (NR-0). Furthermore, SEM images indicated different shapes
between the control (NR-0) and other treatments. However, no differences among
nurungji treated with DRBP. Therefore, the use of DRB
coated with superfine glutinous and non-glutinous rice powders is a viable
ingredient for nurungji preparation. This study shows that
adding 6% DRBP produced nurungji with good-quality
physicochemical and sensory characteristics.
Changes in quality characteristics during storage of Korean soy sauce added with onion juice according to heat sterilization conditions
Authors: Kim Eun-Hye , Kim Su-Hawn , Jo Hyeong-Woo , Lee Won-Hee , Jang Jun-Seo , Huh Chang-Ki
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to integrate onion juice into traditional Korean soy sauce and to evaluate the sterilization conditions necessary for commercialization. As the sterilization temperature increased, pH decreased and titratable acidity increased. A reduction in °Brix was observed post-sterilization, from 37.37 °Brix in untreated soy sauce to 36.67-36.77 °Brix. In terms of chromaticity, the L value declined over the storage period while the a and b values increased. The quercetin component exhibited light sensitivity, with no significant difference observed in the sample on the 60th day. Neither Bacillus cereus nor Clostridium perfringens were detected, and the total bacterial count was comparable to that of commercially available soy sauce. This indicates that samples sterilized at 85°C for 30 minutes fall within a safe quality range. Sensory evaluation revealed that samples sterilized at 85°C for 30 minutes exhibited consistently high ratings.
The effect of aluminum coating to corrugated packaging on quality
characteristics of Enoki mushrooms (Flammulina
velutipes) during storage
Authors: Kim Ah-Na , Lee Kyo-Yeon , Park Chae-Eun , Kim Se Ri , Choi Song Yi , Hwang Injun , Park Kyung Min , Choi Sung-Gil
Published: September 2024

We examined the physicochemical properties and microbial safety of
Enoki mushrooms during storage at 5°C for 9 weeks,
with different packaging containers that are corrugated, Al-coated, and without
packaging (control). The weight change of Enoki mushrooms in
the different containers due to moisture loss was 1.9%, 0.9%, 0.6% for control,
corrugated, and Al-coated packaging, respectively. The degree of browning
rapidly increased as the storage period increased in the control sample.
However, corrugated and Al-coated packaging suppressed the browning degree. The
changes of color L-, a-, and b-vlaues were minimal changes in Al-coated
packaging. There was no significant difference in the total amino acids,
polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase in corrugated packaging and Al-coated
packaging, regardless of the storage period. The microbial growth such as total
aerobic bacteria, yeast, and mold of Enoki mushroom during the
storage period, were significantly suppressed in Al-coated packaging samples as
compared to the control and corrugated packaging. In conclusion, Al-coated
packaging has beneficial effects such as preventing moisture loss, maintaining
browning degree, inhibiting oxidative enzyme reaction, and ensuring microbial
safety of Enoki mushrooms during the storage period. Al-coated
packaging is considered effective for extending the shelf-life and improving the
storage and distribution of mushrooms.
Protective effects of Angelica keiskei extract
against TNF-α-induced oxidative stress and vascular inflammation in human
umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Shin Jae Young , Park Ji Hyeon , Cho Byoung Ok , Kang Eun Seo , Joo Mi Hyun , Kim Young-Soo , Jang Seon Il
Published: September 2024

Angelica keiskei, a perennial herb from
Apiaceae family, has been reported to improve diabetes,
inhibit thrombosis, alleviate dyslipidemia, and prevent type 2 diabetes,
obesity, and atherosclerosis. In this study, the protective effects of
A. keiskei extract (AKE) against tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced oxidative stress and vascular inflammation
in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated through
cell viability analysis, antioxidant enzyme analysis, western blotting, and
immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that pretreatment of
Angelica keiskei with AKE significantly inhibited the
expression of key adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1
induced by TNF-α. AKE also showed a substantial reduction in
intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and an increase in antioxidant
enzyme activity, indicating potential antioxidant capabilities. This study
further explained that AKE interfered with the nuclear factor-kappa B
(NF-κB) pathway by inhibiting phosphorylation of IκBα and
NF-κB, thereby preventing nuclear translocation. Additionally, AKE
selectively inhibited the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) within the
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, revealing a specific action
mechanism. These findings collectively suggest that AKE possesses multi-faceted
protective properties, making it a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory
conditions and early atherosclerosis.
Structural and immunological characterization of the H3 influenza hemagglutinin during antigenic drift
Authors: de Paiva Froes Rocha Rebeca , Tomris Ilhan , Bowman Charles A. , Stevens Emma , Kantorow Jason , Peng Weiwei , Oeverdieck Svearike , Ferguson James A. , Jung Diana D. , Herfst Sander , Snijder Joost , Chakraborty Srirupa , de la Peña Alba Torrents , Berndsen Zachary T. , de Vries Robert P. , Ward Andrew B.
Published: September 2024

The quest for a universal influenza vaccine holds great promise for mitigating the global burden of influenza-related morbidity and mortality. However, challenges persist in identifying conserved epitopes capable of inducing protection. In this study, we explore the influence of glycan evolution on H3 hemagglutinin from 1968 to present day and its impacts on antigenicity and immunogenicity. We observe that the appearance of potential N-linked glycosylation sites in Sing/16 hemagglutinin head domain reduces the binding of broadly neutralizing antibodies and shifts the polyclonal immune response upon vaccination to target the stem. Furthermore, structural characterization of HK/68 and Sing/16 by cryo-electron microscopy shows that while HK/68 is resistant to enzymatic deglycosylation, removal of glycans destabilizes the hyperglycosylated head and membrane-proximal region in Sing/16. These insights expand our understanding of glycans beyond their role in protein folding and highlight the interplay among glycan integration and immune recognition to design a universal influenza vaccine.
NMI induces chemokine release and recruits neutrophils through the activation of NF-κB pathway
Authors: Chen Zhenxing , Yao Yongjie , Peng Yuzhou , Weng Zhuangfeng , Liu Yingfang , Xu Na
Published: September 2024

Neutrophils are essential components of the innate immune system, playing a pivotal role in immune responses. These cells rapidly migrate to sites of inflammation or tissue injury, facilitating pathogen clearance and tissue repair. The chemotactic signaling network regulating neutrophil recruitment is complex and not fully understood, particularly regarding damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In our previous research, we identified NMI as a DAMP that activates dendritic cells and macrophages, amplifying inflammatory responses and contributing to both acute and chronic inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of NMI in neutrophil recruitment. We purified and characterized a recombinant murine NMI protein, ensuring endotoxin removal while preserving biological activity. In vivo experiments demonstrated that NMI enhances neutrophil recruitment in both a murine air pouch model and an acute peritonitis model, mediated by macrophage-derived chemokines. In vitro assays revealed a concentration-dependent increase in neutrophil migration induced by NMI, facilitated by chemokine secretion and subsequent migration through the CXCR2 receptor. Importantly, we established that NMI activates chemokine expression via the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of NMI-induced neutrophil migration, enhancing our understanding of neutrophil recruitment during inflammation.
Enhancing timber traceability via multielement and strontium isotope ratio: An example from the Eastern Alps
Authors: Aguzzoni Agnese , Giammarchi Francesco , Mundo Ignacio A. , Voto Giulio , Tonon Giustino , Tirler Werner , Tomelleri Enrico
Published: September 2024

International timber trading is subject to rigorous certification schemes that require the disclosure of essential information, including the tree species and geographic origin of the timber in question. Regrettably, the lack of readily accessible forensic tools to verify compliance has facilitated the proliferation of illegal timber trading, with dramatic consequences for ecosystems and biodiversity. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of a multichemical approach based on the multielement and strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratio analysis combined with chemometrics to test sample recognition according to their species and geographic origin. The sampling area covered a portion of the Eastern Alpine region, which is characterised by a significant economic reliance on wood. The study focused on three representative species from local forests: Norway spruce, European larch, and Swiss stone pine. Samples were characterised from stands grown on diverse bedrock types. Our findings revealed a strikingly consistent variation in the multielement profiles across different species, thereby enabling flawless sample recognition. Considering the geographic origin, the87Sr/86Sr ratio proved to be a pivotal parameter, by virtue of its correlation with the geo-lithological composition of the growing area. Combining the chemical markers, an accurate sample classification based on multiple decision trees was attained, even comparing forest stands grown on the same bedrock type. These findings offer novel insights into the utilisation of chemical markers in provenancing and authenticity studies, thereby enhancing the adoption of integrated approaches to counteract illegal timber trade.