bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accounting for non‐random samples with distance sampling to estimate population density
Authors: Diefenbach Duane R. , Trowbridge Jacob , Van Buskirk Amanda , McConnell Tess , Lamp Kevin , Marques Tiago A. , Walter W. David , Wallingford Bret D. , Rosenberry Christopher S.
Published: February 2025

A critical assumption of standard distance sampling is that sampling lines are located such that animals are uniformly distributed as a function of distance from the line. Failure to meet this assumption can introduce bias in the estimator.

Many studies have used landscape features, such as roads or rivers, as lines, which can violate assumptions of distance sampling in two ways. First, animals may be attracted or repelled by the landscape feature due to human activity (e.g. along roads) or habitat characteristics associated with the feature (e.g. rivers). Second, sampling along landscape features may not be representative of the larger area of interest.

We used auxiliary data to generalize the distance sampling estimator and relax assumptions of a uniform distribution of animals relative to distance from the line (i.e. density gradient) and to allow the distribution of animals to differ by habitat type. The generalized estimator provides unbiased estimates of density within the area sampled but may not be representative of the study area.

To address the problem of landscape features providing unrepresentative sampling, we used a resource selection model to estimate the proportion of the population that occurred within the surveyed area to obtain an estimate of abundance for the desired area of inference.

We demonstrate our modified distance sampling estimator using white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a 972‐km2 study area. We conducted infrared surveys of deer from roads to collect distance‐to‐transect data. We used locations of radio‐collared deer to model the distribution of deer relative to the transects and to develop a resource selection model of deer based on distance to roads, habitat type, elevation and slope to account for roads being a non‐representative sample of the study area.

Synthesis and applications. When using landscape features as survey lines, the density gradient and deer distribution can introduce either positive or negative bias, which makes it impossible to assess the bias introduced without auxiliary data. The estimator we developed can improve precision because we obtained a better fit to distance observations and accounts for non‐random placement of transects with minimal loss of precision.
We Feel, We Understand: Examining the Moderating Effects of Publics' Empathy on Crisis Outcomes Across Crisis Types and Response Strategies
Authors: Ndone James
Published: February 2025

This study examines how empathy, operationalized into affective and cognitive dimensions, influences stakeholders' perceptions during organisational crises. Also, the study explores the mediating role of account acceptance in the relationship between crisis response strategies and organisational outcomes. An online three (crisis type: victim vs. accidental vs. preventable) × two (crisis response strategy: apology vs. denial) between‐subjects experimental design with 686 participants randomly assigned to different crises (victim, accidental, preventable) and response strategy (apology, denial) was conducted. The findings reveal that account acceptance mediates the relationship between crisis response strategies and key organisational outcomes such as reputation, forgiveness, and purchase intention. Moreover, affective and cognitive empathy serve as moderators, amplifying or diminishing the effectiveness of these strategies. This research provides both theoretical insights and practical guidance on leveraging empathy to enhance crisis communication.
Islamic Instruments for Refugee Financing: The IsDB and UNHCR Collaborative Approach
Authors: Pericoli Altea
Published: February 2025

Considering the Islamic perspective on forced migration and displacement, along with the conceptual framework of Islamic social welfare instruments as tools for wealth redistribution to support those in need, this study explores the potential complementarity between Islamic and conventional financing in addressing refugees' basic needs and economic empowerment. Specifically, this research examines and compares programs implemented by the UNHCR Refugee Zakat Fund and the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) to support Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Jordan from 2019 to 2022. To assess the effectiveness of different Islamic social welfare (ISW) instruments in responding to the Syrian refugee crisis, the study analyses projects financed by UNHCR and IsDB in both countries, focusing on the categories of beneficiaries targeted and the types of activities implemented. Which instruments are used by these two organisations, given their distinct mandates and approaches, in supporting Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Jordan? How are they collaborating to establish a shared platform to tackle the global refugee crisis? Can secular and religious forms of financing be considered complementary tools for sustainable financial support? The research addresses these questions and identifies the limits and potentials of using Islamic social welfare instruments as a sustainable tool for refugee financing.
Assure or Insure Cyber Risk? Nonprofessional Investors' Willingness to Invest*
Authors: Gauch Kevin , Quick Reiner
Published: February 2025

Organizations face severe cyber risks, which may lead companies to contract related insurance or to demand cybersecurity assurance services to signal risk management. This paper experimentally investigates how cybersecurity assurance and insurance against cyber risks impact nonprofessional investors. We conducted an experiment with a 2 × 2 between‐subjects design with 100 UK nonprofessional investors and manipulated the assurance provision and insurance purchase to analyze their impact on willingness to invest. Our results suggest that cybersecurity assurance and cyber risk insurance positively affect willingness to invest. The results confirm the usefulness of measures to handle cyber risks and are of interest to managers, auditors, regulators, and academics.
Means to an end: Characteristics and follow‐up of emergency department patients with a history of suicide attempt via medication overdose
Authors: Benz Madeline B. , Rafferty Neil S. , Arias Sarah A. , Rabasco Ana , Miller Ivan , Weinstock Lauren M. , Boudreaux Edwin D. , Camargo Carlos A. , Gaudiano Brandon A.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Availability and accessibility of a wide range of medications may be a contributing factor to rising medication‐related overdose (OD) rates. Treatment for both suicide attempts (SAs) and ODs often occurs in the emergency department (ED), highlighting its potential as a screening and intervention point. The current study aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals who reported SA via medication OD compared to other methods and to examine how these patients’ suicide severity and behaviors differed over 12‐month post‐ED follow‐up.

Methods

Data were analyzed from Phases 1 and 2 of the Emergency Department Safety Assessment and Follow‐up Evaluation multicenter study (N = 1376). Participants with a history of SA (n = 987) were categorized based on whether they indicated a past medication‐related SA via OD.

Results

Of participants with history of SA, 62.7% (n = 619) reported medication OD for either their most serious or their most recent SA. Multivariate analyses indicated female birth sex, diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and having some college education were significantly associated with membership in the medication OD attempt group (p <0.05). Of those who attempted suicide over the 12‐month follow‐up, nearly 60% of participants in the medication OD attempt group reported a subsequent SA via OD over follow‐up. However, nearly half (46.5%) of participants with no medication OD at baseline also reported medication OD at follow‐up.

Conclusions

Among patients presenting to the ED, females, individuals with bipolar disorder, and patients with a college education, respectively, may be at highest risk for SAs via medication OD. Prospectively, medication OD appears to be a frequent method, even among individuals with no prior attempt via OD, as demonstrated by the high percentage of patients who did not have a medication OD at baseline, but reported a medication OD during follow‐up.
Radiologic Anatomy of the Thorax of the Southern Giant Pouched Rat (Cricetomys ansorgei)
Authors: Kibona Vumilia J. , Makungu Modesta
Published: February 2025

The southern giant pouched rat (Cricetomys ansorgei) is a large rodent native to the savannahs of southern and East Africa, commonly kept as a pet and used for medical purposes, including the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis, Brucella infection, and land mines. Despite its biomedical significance, limited information exists on its thoracic radiological anatomy. This study aimed to describe the normal thoracic radiographic anatomy of Cricetomys ansorgei to support anatomical and clinical research. Radiographs of 34 adult southern giant pouched rats were taken under general anaesthesia, including right lateral (RL) and dorsoventral (DV) views of the thorax. Most rats exhibited 13 thoracic vertebrae and 13 pairs of ribs, with the last two floating pairs. All rats displayed six sternebrae, and the trachea was visible without mineralised cartilaginous rings. The cranial mediastinum appeared wider than the spine in all individuals. The cranial border of the cardiac silhouette was poorly visualised on the RL view but more clearly defined and oblong‐shaped on the DV view. The mean vertebral heart size (VHS) measured on the DV view (10.59) was significantly larger than that measured on the RL view (9.49). Additionally, gravel and sand grains were commonly observed in the cranial abdomen. While the thoracic anatomy of Cricetomys ansorgei shares some characteristics with other rodents, rabbits, and domestic cats, several distinctive anatomical features were identified. These findings provide a valuable reference for anatomical studies, biomedical applications, and routine clinical assessments.
Changes in identity and habit formation during 3 months of sport and physical activity participation among parents with young children
Authors: Rhodes Ryan E. , Wierts Colin M. , Beauchamp Mark R. , Carson Valerie , Courtnall Sandy , Blanchard Chris M.
Published: February 2025

Understanding factors that might contribute to sustained moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) after the initial start of participation is important. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in PA habit and identity, two constructs purported to drive behavioral maintenance, among parents of young (< 13 years of age) children participating in a PA intervention across 3 months. Parents (team sport n = 58; individual PA n = 60; control n = 66) completed measures of PA habit, PA identity, and self‐reported MVPA at baseline, and post‐randomization at 6 weeks and 3 months. Identity and habit showed an increase across time, and these changes interacted with group condition assignment. Identity increased for participants in the team sport condition and was significantly different from a stable profile among those assigned to the control condition. Participants in the individual PA condition increased identity from 6 weeks to 3 months. Habit had a more attenuated change across time, with participants in the team sport condition showing an increase from 6 weeks to 3 months compared with the other conditions. The findings contribute to our understanding of maintenance processes and represent the first exploration of how involvement in team sport might shape subsequent habit and identity development.
Second Opinion Referrals of Cancer Patients in Japan—A Nationwide Study
Authors: Takasawa Mieko , Teramoto Norihiro , Yamashita Natsumi , Higashi Takahiro
Published: February 2025

Seeking a second opinion (SO) is a patient's right that is essential to appropriate decision‐making for their care and treatment. In Japan, however, no previous studies have provided objective data on the nationwide practice of SO among cancer patients. In this study, we investigated SO referrals, including delays in initiating care, using data from nationwide hospital‐based cancer registries and 2018–2020 the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) survey. Among the more than 2.6 million patients diagnosed with cancer, 1.6% received SO referral letters as reimbursement. The referral rates varied based on sex, age, and geographic regions. A total of 52.1% of SO were sought before active treatment of the tumor. Approximately 60% of the patients who sought SO prior to the initial treatment returned to their original provider for treatment. The average period from diagnosis to the start of treatment among those who sought SO was 18 days and 22 days longer for non‐small lung cancer and breast cancer, respectively, than among those who did not seek SO. In the future, the risk–benefit of SO referral should be examined, considering both the prognostic impact of treatment delay due to SO and the psychological benefits for the patient gained from SO.
Key lessons learned from food insecurity during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Arab countries
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Suzan , Abonazel Mohamed R
Published: February 2025

This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the main drivers of food insecurity in five understudied Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region (Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Sudan, and Morocco) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Unlike previous studies, this article explains the lessons learned from the pandemic to inform appropriate responses to any future crises. The study used the Combined COVID‐19 MENA Monitor Household Survey (CCMMHH), compiled by the Economic Research Forum in 2020–21. To determine the key factors affecting food insecurity, multivariate regression with fixed effects for waves and administrative zones was employed to capture the unobservable factors. Permanent and temporary loss of jobs and decrease in wages were identified as significant independent risk factors for experiencing food insecurity. Work characteristics played a significant role in shaping food security in the surveyed Arab countries. The pandemic has highlighted the social groups whose food security must be protected to achieve economic stability in light of such crises.
What's ideological about limited government?
Authors: Bjørnskov Christian
Published: February 2025

The findings in the literature on the influence of government ideology on economic freedom are mixed. How to aggregate or disaggregate measures of limited government is an open question and causality remains a problem in most studies. This article employs data on government spending and regulation using a new disaggregation scheme developed by Ryan Murphy, and employs a causal strategy relying on comparing general results with results after close elections. The empirical findings indicate that government investment and ownership are affected by government ideology while a statistically significant association with government spending probably reflects the reverse causal direction.
Endothelial Cells and the Blood–Brain Barrier: Critical Determinants of Ineffective Reperfusion in Stroke
Authors: Li Xiang , Simo Leticia , Zhao Qianhui , Kim Enoch Gene , Ding Yuchuan , Geng Xiaokun
Published: February 2025

Ineffective reperfusion remains a critical challenge in neurointerventional treatment following ischemic stroke, with the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) being a key determinant of patient outcomes. This review explores the distinctive characteristics and roles of brain endothelial cells (ECs) in the context of stroke and ineffective reperfusion. We examine the unique properties of brain ECs compared to their counterparts in other tissues, focusing on their pathophysiological changes, functional impairments and the inflammatory cascades that follow stroke. Differences in gene expression between brain ECs and those in other organs offer deeper insights into their role in neuroprotective therapies. Additionally, drawing parallels between brain ECs and ECs from organs with similar ischemia–reperfusion injury profiles may inspire novel therapeutic approaches. This review highlights the critical importance of understanding the nuanced roles of ECs in BBB regulation, which ultimately impacts reperfusion outcomes.
Beyond Surface Level: Evaluating Spatial Incongruencies in High‐Resolution Bottom Temperature Trends for the Gulf of Mexico, 1996–2012
Authors: Thorr Jill C. , Chambers Don , Quinlan John A. , Kilborn Joshua P. , Murawski Steven A.
Published: February 2025

Semi‐enclosed seas present complex and nonlinear challenges to understanding climate impacts on fisheries because continental margins restrict poleward movement by taxa seeking to maintain preferred temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico (GoM), a semi‐enclosed, marginal sea surrounded by the North American continent, supports many economically and ecologically important demersal species. A comprehensive assessment of GoM demersal environments is vital to understanding and predicting potential distribution shifts by such taxa. Here we present a Gulf‐wide, interannual spatial evaluation of bottom temperature trends between 1996‐2012. We validated and used bottom temperature products from a regional reanalysis with 24‐h temporal and 1/25° spatial resolution (33,159 grid cells and 6209 days). Ordinary least‐squares and autoregressive models estimated temporal trends and uncertainty, and optimized hot spot analyses identified spatial locales of anomalies. Bottom water cooling occurred along the West Florida Shelf, Florida Keys, northwest Cuba, and the Tamaulipas‐Veracruz Shelf. Warming trends dominated the Bay of Campeche and Louisiana–Texas Shelf. Highest warming and cooling rates were 0.25 (± 0.011)°C year−1 (uncertainty as 95% confidence; located in the Campeche subregion) and −0.12 (± 0.015)°C year−1 (located in the Florida Keys), respectively. Increased duration of Loop Current impingement on the “pressure point” near the Dry Tortugas may drive the observed cooling trends in the eastern GoM, whereas warming trends likely arise from mixing of shallow surface waters. This study highlights the importance of spatiotemporal bottom temperature analyses in complex semi‐enclosed seas where bottom temperature trends may be counterfactual to the long‐term surface warming narrative.
Drought Impacts on Plant–Soil Carbon Allocation—Integrating Future Mean Climatic Conditions
Authors: Leyrer Vinzent , Blum Juliette , Marhan Sven , Kandeler Ellen , Zimmermann Telse , Berauer Bernd J. , Schweiger Andreas H. , Canarini Alberto , Richter Andreas , Poll Christian
Published: February 2025

Droughts affect soil microbial abundance and functions—key parameters of plant–soil carbon (C) allocation dynamics. However, the impact of drought may be modified by the mean climatic conditions to which the soil microbiome has previously been exposed. In a future warmer and drier world, effects of drought may therefore differ from those observed in studies that simulate drought under current climatic conditions. To investigate this, we used the field experiment ‘Hohenheim Climate Change,’ an arable field where predicted drier and warmer mean climatic conditions had been simulated for 12 years. In April 2021, we exposed this agroecosystem to 8 weeks of drought with subsequent rewetting. Before drought, at peak drought, and after rewetting, we pulse‐labelled winter wheat in situ with 13CO2 to trace recently assimilated C from plants to soil microorganisms and back to the atmosphere. Severe drought decreased soil respiration (−35%) and abundance of gram‐positive bacteria (−15%) but had no effect on gram‐negative bacteria, fungi, and total microbial biomass C. This pattern was not affected by the mean precipitation regime to which the microbes had been pre‐exposed. Reduced mean precipitation had, however, a legacy effect by decreasing the proportion of recently assimilated C allocated to the microbial biomass C pool (−50%). Apart from that, continuous soil warming was an important driver of C fluxes throughout our experiment, increasing plant biomass, root sugar concentration, labile C, and respiration. Warming also shifted microorganisms toward utilizing soil organic matter as a C source instead of recently assimilated compounds. Our study found that moderate shifts in mean precipitation patterns can impose a legacy on how plant‐derived C is allocated in the microbial biomass of a temperate agroecosystem during drought. The overarching effect of soil warming, however, suggests that how temperate agroecosystems respond to drought will mainly be affected by future temperature increases.
A Mixed Methods Evaluation of the Statutory Duty of Candour in Victorian Health Services: Study Protocol
Authors: Harrison Reema , Adams Corey , Haque Nabila Binte , Morris Jennifer , Watson Liat , Siiankoski Kristiina , Chauhan Ashfaq , Danthakani Thrivedi Sesha Sai , Ameen Sarah , Hibbert Peter , Manias Elizabeth , Youngs Nicole , Birks Lanii , Walpola Ramesh , Fischer Sarah , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

Background

A statutory duty of candour (SDC) was introduced in 2022 in the Australian state of Victoria to increase openness and honesty with patients and families about healthcare adverse events. SDC requires each healthcare service entity by law to provide the patient or their family or carer who experiences an adverse event with; a written account of the facts, an apology, a description of the health service's response to the event, and the steps being taken to prevent reoccurrence. This research aims to evaluate the impacts of SDC in the 2 years since its implementation.

Design

A mixed‐methods sequential design will be employed, comprising a document literature review, document analysis, survey and interview data from patients, families and health service staff between 2024 and 2026.

Discussion

By conducting an evaluation of the impacts of SDC within 2 years of its implementation in Victorian health settings, this research will provide the first independent evidence of how the SDC is being used and affecting healthcare experiences. This research will use evaluation criteria from the UK's Duty of Candour review to gather data that can be compared with UK findings and the disclosure experiences of patients in New South Wales, Australia. Our findings will provide a vital contribution to the sparse evidence base about the SDC and its application in healthcare settings internationally.

Patient or Public Contribution

Three members of the public (JM, LW and KS) were involved in the design of the research proposal, reviewing and contributing to the ethics protocol, the protocol paper as authors and the protocol for the systematic review that has been developed as a basis for this research. These collaborators will contribute to be involved in all aspects of the research as part of the project team.
Effect of low humidity on the barrier functions of keratinocytes in a reconstructed human epidermal model
Authors: Izutsu‐Matsumoto Yukiko , Okano Yuri , Masaki Hitoshi , Tokudome Yoshihiro , Iwabuchi Tokuro
Published: February 2025

Objective

Dry skin occurs in the winter season when the relative humidity is low; however, the mechanism by which low humidity induces dry skin is not fully understood. To develop measures against dry skin in winter, understanding early changes in the skin upon exposure to low humidity is essential. This study employed a reconstructed human epidermal model (RHEM) to understand these changes.

Methods

The stratum corneum (SC) of RHEM was exposed to low‐humidity air for 1 h, and trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) and the penetration rate of lucifer yellow (LY) were measured. mRNA level expression of each target protein and the amounts of ceramides in RHEM were quantified using real‐time PCR and LC‐EIS/MS/MS, respectively. Protein localization in RHEM was visualized using immunostaining.

Results

Upon exposure to low humidity for 1 h, TEWL and LY penetration in the SC of RHEM were elevated. Even though there was no change in the amount of ceramides, the expression of cornified cell envelope (CCE) component proteins such as filaggrin (FLG) and loricrin (LOR) decreased. Furthermore, free SH and SS crosslink in SC of RHEM exposed to low humidity was decreased, and the SC became less hydrophobic. In tight junctions that contribute to barrier function, cloudin1 (CLDN1) and ZO‐1 decreased upon exposure to low humidity.

Conclusion

Low humidity induces immature differentiation of the skin at an early stage characterized by corneocytes with CCE in fragile structures and reduced expression of tight junction proteins. Thus, it can be inferred that repeated exposure to dry air results in the repetition of these initial reactions, ultimately resulting in dry skin.
The Dermatology of Recreational Scuba Diving: A Narrative Review
Authors: Scheinkman Ryan , Gwillim Eran , Barbota Kristiana , Tordjman Lea , Houk Garrett , Latta Steven , Jean‐Pierre Phillippe , Nouri Keyvan
Published: February 2025

Scuba diving is a popular watersport in the United States, with over 9 million certified divers. This activity uses specialized equipment that enables swimmers to explore deeper into the ocean for a more extended period than free diving. This popularity has led to the development of diving medicine, a multidisciplinary field that includes dermatologic management. An extensive literature review was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar, using key search terms related to diving and dermatology to compile relevant peer‐reviewed articles. This review examines the dermatological impacts of recreational and commercial diving. We explore hyperbaric oxygen therapy, its effects on the skin, and its potential benefits in wound healing. Furthermore, we present how environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) exposure and marine water toxins may increase skin cancer risk. We also discuss the risk of direct injury and envenomation from marine organisms and the risk of bacterial wound infections from different pathogens in marine water. We also reviewed the cutaneous manifestations of decompression sickness. As more people engage in recreational and commercial diving for extended periods, further research on potential dermatological implications is needed. Dermatologists could provide counseling on the use of sun‐protective clothing and sunscreen to minimize cancer risk from UV exposure, on self‐cleaning wounds to minimize infection risk from marine pathogens and identifying cutaneous infections, signs of decompression sickness, and methods of treating and preventing marine envenomation and bites.
Review of phase equilibria of the system BaO–TiO2
Authors: Zaman Tasmia , Koshy Pramod , Daniels John E. , Sorrell Charles Christopher
Published: February 2025

The system BaO–TiO2 plays a significant role in the field of functional ceramics owing to the existence of multiple dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric intermediate phases. Although the first binary phase diagram for this system was introduced in 1951, more than 70 years passed before construction of a complete phase diagram. The present work provides a comprehensive and critical review of the 12 (1951–2024) previously published binary phase diagrams (BaO–TiO2), covering raw materials, processing conditions, characterization techniques, intermediate phases detected, and invariant points observed. Each diagram is examined in terms of its strengths and weaknesses. These data are supplemented with a brief chronological survey of ancillary ternary systems (BaO–TiO2–MxOy), all of which include the subsystem BaO–TiO2. These data allow the confirmation of the existence of phase assemblages and their temperature ranges of stability, thereby suggesting the conditions commensurate with metastable and equilibrium phase assemblages. The present review also addresses the ambiguities concerning the homogeneity regions of BaTiO3, thus clarifying the solubility limits for BaTiO3 hypostoichiometric and hyperstoichiometric solid solutions. The present work aims to survey the relevant published binary and ternary phase equilibria literature for the purpose of clarifying the existing intermediate phases, their temperature ranges of stability, and the solid solubility homogeneity regions of BaTiO3.
Pressureless sintering and characterization of gel‐cast ZrB2–SiC‐based composites processed from optimized slurries
Authors: Kashyap Sunil Kumar , S N Virushni , Mishra Adarsha Ranjan , Bhanuprasad V. V. , Patel Manish , Dhara Santanu , Mitra Rahul
Published: February 2025

Gel‐casting followed by pressureless sintering has been developed as a process to fabricate near‐net shaped ZrB2‐20 vol.% SiC composites. The slurries for gel‐casting have been prepared by using novel environment‐friendly additives, egg‐white (containing albumin) as a binder and sucrose with polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a dispersant to control viscosity. The slurry composition has been optimized (35–38 vol.% solid loading, 22–26 vol.% egg‐white, 4–8 vol.% sucrose, and 0.3 vol% PAA) to achieve a uniform dispersion of constituents at pH = 9 with minimum zeta potential and shear thinning behavior, as verified by rheological studies. Defect‐free green bodies with relative density (RD) >50% and crushing strength ∼3.9–7.7 MPa, obtained by gel‐casting of optimized slurries followed by controlled drying, have been sintered to attain RD ∼98%. Uniform and reduced shrinkage during drying or sintering ensured by optimum solid loading and a uniform dispersion of constituents, has restricted the formation of defects in the sintered products.
Climate Absurdism
Authors: Dick Daniel G.
Published: February 2025

Many arguments in the popular discourse around climate change seem intended to give the impression that climate action is an absurd endeavor. These ‘climate absurdist’ arguments are reflected in the question: ‘if the climate is going to change anyway, why should we care about anthropogenic climate change?’ Classic absurdist philosophy suggests that absurdity (also called ‘the absurd’) arises due to a conflict between our desire for meaning and a universe that seems devoid of meaning. Others argue the absurd is not a consequence of specific facts about the universe but is rather a matter of perspective – we live our lives with a seriousness that can always be undercut by ‘stepping back’ and viewing our goals and aspirations with indifference. Although climate absurdist claims are structured similarly to classic absurdist claims (positing a conflict between our climate stabilizing efforts and specific physical facts like a constantly changing climate), I argue that climate absurdist arguments are primarily rhetorical claims intended to encourage the listener to ‘step back’ and view our climate stabilizing efforts on a geologic or cosmic scale, where they can appear insignificant. I show that this approach results in a self‐defeating argument that cannot justify climate inaction.
Fostering EFL Learners' Speaking Skills and Flow Experience With Video‐Dubbing Tasks: A Flow Theory Perspective
Authors: Hwang Gwo‐Jen , Fathi Jalil , Rahimi Masoud
Published: February 2025

Background

The utilisation of video‐dubbing tasks, wherein learners record their voices over video clips to practise pronunciation, fluency, grammatical accuracy, and vocabulary use, is relatively novel in the English language learning context. Exploring the effectiveness of video‐dubbing tasks can lead to more innovative and effective speaking techniques in language courses. Whilst a growing body of research has examined the effectiveness of video‐dubbing tasks in terms of fostering English language learners' speaking skills, further empirical studies are required to explore their effectiveness specifically in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context.

Objectives

To address this deficiency in the current literature, this study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed‐methods research design to explore the impact of video‐dubbing tasks on EFL learners' speaking skills, such as pronunciation, fluency, grammatical accuracy, vocabulary use, and flow experience.

Methods

Sixty EFL learners at a language institute were randomly assigned to a dubbing class with 30 EFL learners and a comparison class with the same number of EFL learners. The learners in the dubbing class collectively chose videos on the internet, deleted their soundtracks, practised the speeches and conversations, developed an alternate soundtrack, incorporated the videos with their own soundtracks, submitted the dubbed videos for feedback, and presented the video‐dubbing tasks in the class. The comparison group engaged in in‐class viewing and discussion of English films. A speaking test and flow experience questionnaire were utilised to collect the necessary quantitative data, and an individual semi‐structured interview was conducted to gather the required qualitative data.

Results and Conclusions

Two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), a parametric test used to compare group means over time, was applied to analyse the quantitative data. The results revealed that both the dubbing and comparison classes improved the EFL learners' speaking skills; however, the dubbing group demonstrated significantly greater improvement than the comparison group. Moreover, the EFL learners reported experiencing a positive flow state—a deep state of focus and enjoyment—whilst completing the video‐dubbing tasks. The qualitative data, which corroborated the quantitative findings, further indicated that the learners perceived the video‐dubbing tasks as engaging, motivating, and beneficial for improving their speaking skills.

Implications

The practical and pedagogical implications of integrating video‐dubbing tasks into EFL speaking courses are discussed in detail.
DNA Methylation Regulatory Axis miR‐29b‐3p/DNMT3B Regulates Liver Regeneration Process by Altering LATS1
Authors: Zhou Yinwen , Wu Hao , Wang Qiu , Ma Bo , Sun Jiulong , Wang Guoliang
Published: February 2025

DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic alteration involved in diverse biological processes and diseases. Hippo signalling pathway is a key signalling regulatory network in the growth and development of tissues and organs. Nevertheless, the precise role of DNA methylation and Hippo signalling pathway during liver regeneration (PH) is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of LATS1, a pivotal protein in the Hippo signalling pathway, on liver regeneration and explored the specific mechanism of DNA methylation regulating LATS1. To analyse the regulation of LATS1 by DNA methylation, following 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH) in liver‐specific AAV‐8 shDNMT3B deleted mice (DNMT3B, KD) mice and sex‐matched AAV‐8 shControl (Control). We determined that DNMT3B regulates the protein expression of LATS1 by DNA methylation. miR‐29b‐3p significantly regulates the expression of DNMT3B and alters LATS1 expression to inactivate the Hippo signalling pathway, thereby reducing the expression of cell proliferation and cycle proteins and inhibiting liver regeneration. Our results indicated that the miR‐29b‐3p/DNMT3B regulatory axis influences LATS1 expression through DNA methylation, and thereby promotes liver regeneration.
Renal Lipid Alterations From Diabetes to Early‐Stage Diabetic Kidney Disease and Mitophagy: Focus on Cardiolipin
Authors: Li Zhijie , Wang Hongmiao , Liu Nan , Lan Xiayuchen , Xie Ailing , Yuan Ge , Li Bowen , Geng Jiaxin , Liu Xiaodan
Published: February 2025

Lipotoxicity plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), yet the dynamic changes in renal lipid composition from diabetes to early‐stage DKD remain unclear. Free fatty acids, lactosylceramides and cardiolipin (CL) were identified as the most significantly altered lipids by quantitatively comparing targeted lipids in the renal cortex of the classic spontaneous diabetic db/db mice using high‐coverage targeted lipidomics. Further investigation into the causes and effects of decreased CL, which is a unique mitochondrial phospholipid, was conducted in mitochondria‐rich renal proximal tubular cells by using western blotting, real‐time PCR, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Reduced expression of cardiolipin synthase, a key enzyme in the CL synthesis pathway, and inhibition of CL‐related mitophagy were confirmed under high glucose conditions. In addition, the protective effect of CL‐targeted Szeto‐Schiller 31 in preserving mitophagy was demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro studies. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of early‐stage DKD from a lipid perspective and offer a theoretical basis for discovering new treatments.
Dietary exposure to 17α‐ethinylestradiol negatively affects reproduction and health parameters of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Hollerova Aneta , Peskova Nikola , Weiserova Zuzana , Hodkovicova Nikola , Marsalek Petr , Tichy Frantisek , Franc Ales , Svobodova Zdenka , Blahova Jana
Published: February 2025

Pollution of the aquatic ecosystem by hormone‐active substances is a frequently discussed topic these days. Such substances can pass through the sewage treatment plant system and affect aquatic life. This study tested the effect of 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) on individual zebrafish (Danio rerio) at an environmentally relevant concentration in fish food (10 μg/kg) and at a concentration 100 times higher (1000 μg/kg). This experiment revealed significant changes in the expression of reproductive genes, an increase in vitellogenin levels and histopathological lesions in the testes after EE2 exposure. Additionally, lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed at both tested concentrations, along with morphological changes and increased mortality at the higher concentration. Even the environmentally relevant concentration of EE2 poses a danger to the aquatic organisms as it changes D. rerio's reproductive and health parameters, indicating toxicity at molecular, cell, tissue, and organism levels.
Is it possible to contribute to the recovery of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus, Salmonidae) populations by stocking cultured brood fish in the pre‐spawning period?
Authors: Avramović Mladen , Turek Jan , Randák Tomáš
Published: February 2025

European grayling populations have declined significantly in their central range, prompting numerous stocking programs with reared fish that did not bring desirable population prosperity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of stocking long‐reared grayling brood fish before their spawning period. It focused on monitoring the presence of juveniles coming from their natural spawn in the stream and on recapture rates and growth parameters of stocked fish to estimate their adaptability in a natural river environment. The results revealed that the recapture rate of the stocked brood fish was notably low, with significant increases only in length growth but a decreases in condition factor, suggesting poor adaptability in the wild. The limited number of young‐of‐year grayling from natural spawning further indicated low reproductive success. These results highlight the inadequacies of this stocking approach to strengthen the wild grayling population. We suggest alternative strategies, such as using younger stock and implementing protective measures like catch‐and‐release, which may improve conservation efforts and enhance the success of grayling stocking programs.
Theorizing academia: Focus on human development and family science
Authors: Oswald Ramona Faith , Zvonkovic Anisa M.
Published: February 2025

This special issue explores the positionality of feminist administrators within Human Development and Family Science (HDFS) and their efforts to enhance the discipline's visibility, value, and impact. Drawing from extensive administrative and leadership experiences, the contributors examine the status and boundaries of HDFS in higher education, addressing issues such as devaluation linked to masculinist ideologies, structural challenges, and the need for equitable power distribution. The collection also critiques neoliberalism in academia, advocating for human well‐being as the core of HDFS programs. Key themes include the historical and societal contexts of HDFS, critical problems such as burnout and trauma, diverse contributions, and the intellectual work of administration. The issue calls for a transformation in higher education that prioritizes human dignity, inclusivity, and meaningful community engagement, aiming for a more just and effective academic system.
Investigation of sedimentary rocks and grains in the round: Micron‐scale SEM‐BEX 360° and 3D imaging
Authors: Buckman Jim
Published: February 2025

The aim of the current paper is to demonstrate the use of a novel prototype horizontal rotation stage, within a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Here we utilise sedimentary rock chips and grains, with images collected every 10 ° of rotation, to produce a continuous overlapping field of view 360° montage. The same procedure can also be used to collect elemental X‐ray maps. The collected images and maps can be simply combined into an image stack and saved as a movie format of the rotating specimen through 360°. More significantly, individual images and elemental maps can be reconstructed using photogrammetry imaging software, producing three‐dimensional (3D) models with mesh worked surfaces and rendered texture (colour or greyscale) based on SEM image and X‐ray data. This produces photorealistic smoothly transitioning movies with 360° fields of view around each object and can also be saved for stereo‐viewing using a virtual reality (VR) headset. This new technique generates highly detailed information on the 3D structural and compositional relationships between components at the submicron to millimetre scale. The technique has widespread applications, including imaging other geological materials, biological mineralised tests and material science specimens such as metals, ceramics and building materials.
Phase Ib/II study of Pembrolizumab with Lanreotide depot for advanced, progressive Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PLANET)
Authors: Morse Michael A. , Crosby Erika J. , Halperin Daniel M. , Uronis Hope E. , Hsu S. David , Hurwitz Herbert I. , Rushing Christel , Bolch Emily K. , Warren Dana A. , Moyer Ashley N. , Lowe Melissa E. , Niedzwiecki Donna
Published: February 2025

While performing a study of immune checkpoint blockade with the anti‐PD‐1 antibody pembrolizumab combined with the somatostatin analogue (SSA) lanreotide in patients with low‐ and intermediate‐grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP‐NETs), we studied whether there were any immune correlates of response to the anti‐PD‐1 therapy that could guide future attempts to integrate immunotherapy into the treatment of NETs. Patients with grade 1 and 2 GEP‐NETs who had progressed on a prior SSA received lanreotide 90 mg subcutaneously and pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks until progression or intolerable toxicity. Objective response rate (ORR) at any time in the study, clinical benefit rate (CBR, defined as stable disease or better), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were measured. Changes in T cell subsets in peripheral blood before and during therapy were analyzed by multiparameter mass cytometry (CyTOF). Archived tissue samples were analyzed for PD‐L1 expression and TIL infiltration. Twenty‐two (22) patients (GI/pancreatic 14/8, median Ki67 7% [IQR 4, 10%], median 1.5 prior systemic therapies [range 1–4]) were enrolled. Among the GI‐NETs, there was one partial response, the CBR was 50%, the median PFS was 8.5 months, and the median OS was 32.7 months. No responses were seen in pancreatic NETs, which had 0% CBR, a PFS of 2.7 months, and an OS of 23.9 months. Of the 16 analyzable tumors, 6 had detectable PD‐L1 expression and 15 had detectable TILs. Neither TILs nor PD‐L1 expression correlated with ORR or CBR. However, clinical benefit (SD or better) was associated with peripheral blood on‐treatment effector memory T cell activation and progressive disease was associated with baseline peripheral blood regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. We conclude that immune checkpoint blockade had low activity in unselected patients with grade 1 and 2 GEP‐NETs. Further study of strategies to reduce Treg activation or enhance effector memory activation during immunotherapy is warranted.
The Impact of Minority Representation at Mortgage Lenders
Authors: FRAME W. SCOTT , HUANG RUIDI , JIANG ERICA XUEWEI , LEE YEONJOON , LIU WILL SHUO , MAYER ERIK J. , SUNDERAM ADI
Published: February 2025

We study links between the labor market for loan officers and access to mortgage credit. Using novel data matching mortgage applications to loan officers, we find that minorities are underrepresented among loan officers. Minority borrowers are less likely to complete mortgage applications, have completed applications approved, and to ultimately take up a loan. These disparities are reduced when minority borrowers work with minority loan officers. These pairings also lead to lower default rates, suggesting minority loan officers have an informational advantage with minority borrowers. Our results suggest minority underrepresentation among loan officers reduces minority borrowers’ access to credit.
Role of Subjective Knowledge in the Description of Virgin Olive Oil Using the Rata Methodology
Authors: Hodos Natalia , Cano Andrea , Berrondo Valeria , Gámbaro Adriana
Published: February 2025

Traditionally, the sensory characteristics of virgin olive oil (VOO) have been described by descriptive analysis (DA) carried out by panels of trained judges, with limited use of rapid descriptive methods for this product. Additionally, subjective knowledge (SK) helps identify differences in consumers' levels of knowledge and their perception of quality. This study aimed to compare the conventional descriptive characterization of VOO across different commercial qualities and sensory profiles with the description obtained through the Rate‐All‐That‐Apply (RATA) methodology, along with acceptability evaluation from 115 frequent consumers of VOO. A hierarchical cluster analysis allowed consumers to be separated into two groups with different levels of SK. Cluster 1 (n = 62), characterized by lower levels of SK, assigned similar acceptability scores to all samples, indicating an inability to differentiate between the commercial qualities of VOO. Participants in this group did not perceive defects in any of the samples evaluated, nor did they demonstrate a preference for a specific sensory profile. These results indicate that frequent consumption of olive oil does not necessarily correlate with knowledge about the product and its quality. Cluster 2 (n = 57), characterized by higher levels of SK, assigned acceptability scores based on the commercial quality of each oil, showing a preference for the extra VOO sample characterized by flavor intensity, odor, pungency, and bitterness. The use of the RATA methodology with this group of consumers enables us to describe both the positive and negative characteristics of olive oil in a manner comparable to DA.
Integrated column generation for volunteer‐based delivery assignment and route optimization
Authors: Atik Asya , Li Kuangying , Hajibabai Leila , Hajbabaie Ali
Published: February 2025

This study develops an integrated delivery assignment and route planning strategy for food banking operations, considering food supply and demand constraints, food item restrictions, and vehicle capacity constraints. A mixed‐integer linear model is formulated to maximize the total demand served and minimize the total travel cost imposed on delivery volunteers. An integrated solution algorithm is developed that includes Lagrangian relaxation and column generation. The algorithm decomposes the problem into assignment and routing components and solves each iteratively. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study in Wake County, NC. A series of sensitivity analyses are conducted to draw insights. The numerical results demonstrate the proposed methodology's capacity to solve complex problems in food delivery operations efficiently.