bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing English Textbooks Oriented to Higher Order Thinking Skills for Students of Vocational High Schools in Yogyakarta
Authors: Margana Margana , Widyantoro Agus
Published: January 2017

This article is part of research and development under the issue of developing English textbooks oriented to the enhancement of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) for students of vocational high schools (VHSs) in Yogyakarta. This relies on the evidence that the existing textbooks for secondary school levels put an emphasis on memorizing and comprehending which highlight to identify linguistic features of the target language (micro-language skills). This leads to creating the failure of acquiring English language proficiency on the part of students of secondary school levels including students of VHSs. To obtain the objective, there were 14 English teachers and 320 students of vocational high schools from three regencies, namely Sleman, Yogyakarta city, and Bantul voluntarily involved. Three techniques: questionnaire distributions, interviews, and documentation were administered to get data. Then, the gathered data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. In reference to data analysis, four findings are documented as explored in this part of this article. In summary, the development of the English textbooks oriented to HOTS is positively responded by the respondents as the English textbook triggers students of VHSs to establish their higher order thinking skills which lead to students’ creativity and self-regulated learning practices.
Phonemic Interference of Local Language in Spoken English by Students of English Department of Lambung Mangkurat University
Authors: Mu’in Fatchul
Published: January 2017

In the process of learning foreign language, learners often face a number of difficulties. The difficulties are related to learning new phonemics, new vocabulary, and various ways of arranging words into sentences in a new language. Learning English for students of Lambung Mangkurat University is a difficult matter. This is because their habit in using local language (Banjarese) is said to be strong, so it is difficult for them to change it. As a result, they simply apply the pattern and the phonemic rules of Banjarese language into English. This causes interference.In detail, the interference is caused by many differences between the two languages, namely Banjarese language and English. Banjarese language has 3 vowels, while English has 12 vowels. Banjarese language only has 3 diphthongs, whereas English has 9 diphthongs. Banjarese language only has 18 consonants, while English has 24 consonants. Given that the students’ habit in speaking Banjarese language has been strong and there are many differences of phonemic elements, interference phenomenon cannot be avoided, which is, in this case, phonemic interference.
Explicitation in Translation: A Case of Screen Translation
Authors: Moghaddam Masumeh Yazdani , Sukhteh Sommayeh Shahraki Deh , Far Mansureh Delarami
Published: January 2017

Explicitation is a method of clarifying into the TT what is implicit in the ST. Blum-Kluka (1986) formulated explicitation hypothesis and regarded explicitation as a translation universal, i.e. a feature that is mainly existed in the translated texts. So, the present study considers expliciation in screen/film translation, and tries to investigate the most frequent explicitation type and subtitling strategies used by the Persian subtitlers. To achieve the goals of the study, the three original English films subtitled into Persian language were selected and the first 20 minutes of them was studied and compared with their Persian equivalents through sentence-by-sentence comparison. The subtitling strategies were identified and their percentage was calculated. The findings indicated that translation-inherent explicitation was used mostly in subtitling, and expansion was the most frequent subtitling strategy employed by the Persian subtitlers in subtitling English original films into Persian.
The Effect of Recast vs. Clarification Request as Two Types of Corrective Feedback on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Structural Knowledge
Authors: Poorahmadi Mahpareh , Ghariblaki Zahra
Published: January 2017

The present study, considering Form-Focused Instruction as the theoretical framework f the study, is an attempt to study the benefits of two types of teacher feedback in structural knowledge. In the current study, in the two experimental groups, students were taught syntactic items. One of these classes was offered recast as the main feedback type. The other groups offered clarification request feedback. Later the outcome of these groups compared to one another and to the control group who did receive no feedback on their structural knowledge errors. The participants in this study included three groups of Intermediate level English language learners from intact classes of Marefat Language Institute. The selected students were sampled based on their scores on PET proficiency test. In the main study 90 students (30 students in clarification request group, 30 students in oral feedback group, and 30 students in the control group) were selected out of 120 students based on the homogeneity test. Students in the clarification request group and oral feedback group received the related treatment while students in the control group received regular planning. The result of statistical analysis (ANOVA) suggested that recast group and clarification request group outperformed the control group and the clarification group outperformed the recast group.
Scrutinizing the Impact of Teachers’ Critical Thinking and Teaching Autonomy on Their Teaching Success and Learners’ Use of Language Learning Strategies
Authors: Nosratinia Mania , Zaker Alireza
Published: January 2017

Postmethod perspective on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching considers EFL teachers to be reflective and autonomous practitioners who play the role of change agents. In order to systematically study the way these attributes affect teachers’ and learners’ actual performance, this study investigated the effect of EFL teachers’ Critical Thinking (CT) and Teaching Autonomy (TA) on their Teaching Success (TS) and EFL learners’ Language Learning Strategies (LLS) use. Twenty mixed-gender upper-intermediate and advanced level general English classes were randomly selected from ten language schools. The teachers were 25 to 40 years of age (Mage = 31), whereas the learners were 18 to 30 (Mage = 24). In each class, CT and TA questionnaires were answered by the teacher and the LLS and TS scales were completed by the learners after 12 to 19 sessions. The results of a one-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Scheffe’s revealed that those EFL learners whose teachers had a high TA level show a significantly higher perception toward TS. Moreover, those learners whose teachers had a low CT level showed a higher, but non-significant, perception toward TS. Furthermore, EFL learners whose teachers had a moderate level of TA demonstrated a higher, but non-significant, use of LLS. Finally, EFL learners whose teachers had a high CT level showed a higher, but non-significant use of LLS. Regarding the limitations and drawing upon the findings, the article concludes with some pedagogical implications and some avenues for future research.
An Investigation into Writing Strategies and Writing Proficiency of University Students
Authors: Raoofi Saeid , Binandeh Massoud , Rahmani Saifullah
Published: January 2017

This paper reports on an investigation into the relationship between writing strategy use and L2 writing proficiency. Although research into language learning strategies is extensive, only a few studies have addressed L2 writing strategies of university students. 312 undergraduate students learning English as a second language took a writing proficiency test and completed a writing strategy questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the participants generally had a relatively high level of ESL writing strategy use. It was also found that Effort regulation strategy and metacognitive strategy were reported as the first and second most frequently used writing strategies respectively, while social strategy was reported as the least frequently used category. The results also showed that students with high writing abilities reported a significantly higher level of writing strategy use compared with those who had intermediate or low writing proficiency. It was found that students with higher writing ability reported using significantly more metacognitive, cognitive, affective and effort regulation strategies than those with lower writing proficiency. The discussion of the results, implications for language classroom and writing instruction are articulated. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also presented.
The Analysis of Ranking Data Using Score Functions and Penalized Likelihood
Authors: Alvo Mayer , Xu Hang
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we consider different score functions in order summarize certain characteristics for one and two sample ranking data sets. Our approach is flexible and is based on embedding the nonparametric problem in a parametric framework. We make use of the von Mises-Fisher distribution to approximate the normalizing constant in our model. In order to gain further insight in the data, we make use of penalized likelihood to narrow down the number of items where the rankers differ. We applied our method on various real life data sets and we conclude that our methodology is consistent with the data.
Statistik für alle - Die 101 wichtigsten Begriffe anschaulich erklärt
Authors: Quatember Andreas
Published: January 2017

Zur Vorbeugung von Missverständnissen gleich mal vorne weg: 1. Ja, Walter Krämer hat mich mit seinem in den 90er Jahren erstmals erschienen Buch „So lügt man mit Statistik“ nachhaltig in der Lehre inspiriert; 2. Sein Zugang, die statistische Methodik möglichst anschaulich erklären zu wollen, viel bei mir auf fruchtbaren Boden; und schließlich 3. Ich traue mir dennoch zu, sein neues Buch „Statistik für alle - Die 101 wichtigsten Begriffe anschaulich erklärt“, objektiv zu rezensieren.
Compositional analysis of trade flows structure
Authors: Hruzova Klara , Rypka Miroslav , Hron Karel
Published: January 2017

Statistical analysis of trade flows structure can significantly help to reveal or to confirm important macroeconomic phenomena. Because of relative character of these multivariate observations, application of standard multivariate methods directly to raw data can lead to meaningless results, affected by trade sizes of different countries. As a way out, it is proposed to employ the logratio methodology that is able to capture interesting features through logratios between compositional parts. Particularly, the perturbation operation together with clr coefficients for coordinate representation of compositions seem to be easy to handle and to interpret for the purpose. Popular exploratory tools, principal component analysis and PARAFAC modeling of threeway data, resulting from a long-term study of the export/import structure, are applied in the compositional context for data from OECD and WIOD databases. The results show that the logratio methodology enables to reveal interesting features of world trade flows and thus provides a preferable alternative to existing exploratory tools.
Improving road freight transport statistics by using a distance matrix
Authors: Karner Thomas , Weninger Brigitte , Schuster Sabine , Fleck Stefan , Kaminger Ingrid
Published: January 2017

Distances driven by road freight vehicles are an essential parameter for the calculation of transport volume. In the Austrian road freight survey, places of loading and unloading are recorded on a postal code basis. To derive the actual distances driven from this data, Statistics Austria uses a distance matrix that was first created in the 1980s. While the first version of this matrix was based on manual measurements, it has recently been recreated and updated using modern routing software. This article describes the methodology on which the current Austrian distance matrix is based. The main points discussed are: how to determine representative centroids for postal code areas; how to deal with journeys within one postal code area; and how to calculate the actual distances using routing software. The last part of the article compares the distance matrix to odometer readings from the Austrian road freight survey of the reference year 2015. This comparison showed a high positive correlation which indicates the good quality of the developed distance matrix and emphasises its usefulness in road freight transport statistics.
Children's Responses to Sensory Stimuli and their Behavior in the Dental Office
Authors: Nissan Sagit , Yochman Aviva , Blumer Sigalit , Kharouba Johnny , Peretz Benjamin
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To evaluate children's behavior during dental examinations, their reactions to various selected sensory stimuli and the association between them. Study design: Sixty-three children (28 boys and 35 girls) aged 5–12 years (mean age 7.9 ± 1.6 years) participated in the study. Their parents were asked to complete a questionnaire while in the dentist's waiting room. The dentists evaluated the children's behavior in the dental office using Frankl's behavioral scale and noted the children's reactions to the sensory stimuli of touch, noise, smell and backward tilting of the examination chair. Results: Most of the children cooperated during the dental examination. Lack of cooperation was associated with adverse reactions to all selected sensory stimuli. There was also an association between resistance to brushing teeth and adverse reaction to touch. Children who reacted negatively to sensory stimuli during dental examinations were more likely to have needed advanced management techniques during past dental treatment. Conclusions: Children's behavior during dental examinations is known to be affected by many factors, including age, previous experiences, anxiety and fear and others. This investigation demonstrates that it is also associated with their reactions to various sensory stimuli.
A comparative study on the efficacy of drotaverine and valethamate on cervical dilatation during labour
Authors: Sinhasane Hema , GM Nishty
Published: January 2017

Background: The most common cause of prolonged first stage of labour is cervical spasm leading to cervical dystocia. Many times it is observed that inspite of good uterine contractions; cervix fails to dilate or dilates very slowly. This is functional cervical dystocia.Methods: On admission detailed history was taken, complete general physical examination was made. Careful obstetric examination confirmed the lie, presentation, position of the foetus and FHP. Vaginal examination was made and the state of cervix (Dilatation, consistency and effacement) station of the vertex and type and adequacy of the pelvis was noted.Results: A slight increase in the cervical tear is noted in the multrigravida in Group II. The incidence of PPH was double that of Group III. This was observed specifically when the drug was given after 5cms of dilatation of cervix.Conclusions: The maternal adverse effects were more with valethamate. Though there was transient fetal tachycardia with valethamate, the fetal outcome remained the same in all the groups.
Production, Supply and Circulation of National Gold Coins in Brazil (1703-1807)
Authors: Martins de Sousa Rita , Cerqueira Lima Fernando Carlos G. de
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we assess the production, supply, and circulation of national gold coins in Brazil in the eighteenth century. New estimates have been provided of the volume of production of these gold coins at Mints of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, and Minas Gerais. Comparing the values of this coinage with remittances to Lisbon, the first half of the eighteenth century reveals a more stable conjuncture than the second half. This latter period shows fluctuations that were expressed in the faster growth of the supply, despite the fall that took place in the production-coinage of gold. Our conclusions question the historiographical theses about the shortage of currency in Brazil throughout the Eighteenth Century. The growth of the economy from the last quarter of the Century onwards implied an increase in the demand for money, which may explain the increase in the supply of national gold coins.
Evidence Supporting Intralesional Stem Cell Therapy to Improve Equine Flexor Tendon Healing
Authors: Durgam Sushmitha , Stewart Matthew
Published: January 2017

This Knowledge Summary addresses the published information supporting intralesional administration of cell-based therapies for the treatment of flexor tendinitis/tendinopathy in horses. The current body of evidence supports intralesional stem cell therapy to improve quality of repair tissue during equine SDFT healing, based on histological and histomorphometric analyses and, in some studies, tensile load testing. Accepting this, comparative analyses to determine relative efficacies of specific cell sources are inadequate to draw any firm conclusions on this issue and any informative meta-analysis of the existing studies is confounded by inconsistencies in cell sources, injury models and clinical case selections, times after injury when cells were injected, number of cells administered, delivery vehicles used, the outcomes used to assess utility and timing of outcomes after administration. Further, in none of the experimental studies were the horses subject to training and/or racing stresses, and it is still unclear how closely the existing experimental models reflect the clinical condition following repetitive strain injury. Further, single-cycle tensile testing does not necessarily model the high-frequency, recurrent, and (to be hoped) submaximal tensile loading that flexor tendons experience during high speed exercise.

 
 
The Only Way Is Ethics? Undertaking Research as a Practice-Based Vet/RVN
Authors: Mellanby Richard
Published: January 2017

Research is essential to provide the evidence-base for veterinary science in order to improve the health and welfare of animals and to improve public health. In this session, Dr Mellanby will discuss the valuable contribution that practice-based veterinary surgeons and veterinary nurses can make to the future of veterinary knowledge.This is a podcast of Richard's talk at the Veterinary Evidence Today conference, Edinburgh November 3, 2016.
Encuentro entre la tierra y el cielo en la liberación de los esclavos de Egipto
Authors: Andiñach Pablo R.
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo explora la idea de que en el libro del Éxodo se presenta a un Dios que crea un espacio para el encuentro entre la divinidad y su pueblo. Este espacio es un lugar privilegiado al que se accede por la fe en que en la opresión, la angustia y la desesperanza se puede recurrir a un Dios que se muestra sensible a las necesidades de los pobres y oprimidos. Se recorren textos clave como el nacimiento de Moisés, las llamadas “plagas” de Egipto, la revelación del significado del nombre de Dios, y otros. En todos ellos se observa la inclinación del Dios del Israel por quienes sufren opresión y su voluntad liberadora. La aproximación privilegia la lectura literaria y simbólica, buscando describir la dinámica de los personajes y sus funciones en el relato. Al final se esboza la teología bíblica que surge de estas páginas.
Religiões e espaço público: uma perspectiva pós-secular na ótica de Jurgen Habermas
Authors: Menezes Anderson De Alencar
Published: January 2017

O presente texto procura discutir as relações entre os discursos produzidos pelas religiões no Espaço Público. A perspectiva é de perceber a pluralidade e a heterogeneidade do Espaço Público e a possibilidade de se pensar as religiões como caminhos de diálogo, tolerância, reciprocidade e alteridade. O intuito é de pensar a partir do quadro teórico postulado por Jurgen Habermas. Neste sentido, busca-se compreender o verdadeiro significado do Espaço Público enquanto possibilidade de pensar a relação entre o secular e o pós-secular.
A linguagem trinitária de Novaciano
Authors: Da Silva Maria Freire
Published: January 2017

A proposta deste artigo é analisar alguns elementos da linguagem trinitária no pensamento de Novaciano (200), suas contribuições e suas lacunas, que demonstram a escassez da própria linguagem sobre o mistério trinitário, no ambiente em que se encontra, e sua busca em dar uma resposta às heresias que fervilhavam ao seu redor. Trata-se de uma linguagem metafórica, poética para exprimir o que ele denomina de inexplicável ao discorrer sobre a transcendência divina. Pretende-se verificar a utilização dos conceitos cristológicos e pneumatológicos no desenvolvimento da semântica do mistério trinitário em sua Obra De Trinitate, demonstrando a influência de Tertuliano (155), e a relevância de sua teologia da Trindade para a elaboração da linguagem referente ao mistério de Deus no mundo ocidental.
Editorial
Authors: Lara José Edson
Published: January 2017

A literatura que explora os temas da gestão e da tecnologia tem sido pródiga em estabelecê-los como condicionantes essenciais para o desenvolvimento em todos os níveis. Países e empresas que alcançaram níveis de excelência nestes dois parâmetros obtiveram, desde sempre, as mais altas taxas de desenvolvimento. Assim, não é sem razão que organizações, como o próprio World Economic Forum os colocam como indicadores fundamentais da evolução econômica e da qualidade de vida nas nações.
Mapeamento da produção científica sobre fusões e aquisições na literatura nacional, 1994 a 2014
Authors: De Camargos Marcos Antônio , Camargos Mirela Castro Santos
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer levantamento da produção científica sobre fusões e aquisições (F&As) na literatura nacional entre os anos de 1994 e 2010, visando proporcionar um melhor entendimento sobre o tema, reunindo um conjunto de evidências empíricas e contribuindo para a sistematização de um arcabouço teórico ainda em construção. Da análise dos 35 trabalhos, identificou-se que os resultados das pesquisas na literatura nacional são controversos, apresentam tamanhos de amostras, metodologias e modelos distintos. Isso associado à complexidade e dificuldade de análise tornam árduas as pesquisas sobre o tema. Esses fatores conjugados com a inexistência de bases de dados específicas e confiáveis explicam a baixa produção científica sobre F&A no Brasil. Nesse contexto, a consolidação do tema, tanto em termos empíricos, quanto em termos teóricos passa pelo desenvolvimento de abordagens de análise do tema que minimizem esses problemas, por meio da elaboração de metodologias adequadas e consistentes.
Editorial
Authors: Lara José Edson
Published: January 2017

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Gestão de portfólio de projetos: proposição de um modelo conceitual
Authors: Lacerda Fabrício Martins , Martens Cristina Dai Prá , Chaves Marcirio Silveira
Published: January 2017

Este ensaio teórico tem por objetivo propor um modelo conceitual de gestão de portfólio de projetos (GPP) consolidado da literatura. Utilizando-se da pesquisa bibliográfica, foram identificados oito modelos de gestão de portfólio de projetos, que foram analisados, comparados e consolidados em termos de dimensões comuns. Os resultados apresentam um modelo de GPP mais consolidado e amplo, que reúne características dos principais modelos identificados na literatura, para que possa ser usado por organizações na seleção estratégica de projetos e para a gestão do portfólio. Como contribuições, este estudo colabora com as discussões a respeito da metodologia de GPP e apresenta embasamento para a realização de estudos empíricos de suas práticas nas organizações.
Abertura de capital e retornos aos acionistas: o caso da Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais S/A
Authors: Da Silva Terezinha Vitória , Locatelli Ronaldo Lamounier , Lamounier Wagner Moura
Published: January 2017

Este estudo apresenta uma avaliação do desempenho da Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais S/A após a oferta pública inicial de ações (initial public offering – IPO), na perspectiva dos acionistas. Para efeito de comparação, foram eleitos dois benchmarks: o desempenho da carteira de mercado, mediante a proxy Ibovespa; e os retornos apresentados pela ação da Sabesp, empresa do mesmo setor. Os retornos desses ativos foram ponderados pelo risco não diversificável de cada um, usando-se os coeficientes betas estimados com o emprego do modelo GARCH. Verificou-se que a ação da Copasa apresentou um desempenho superior ao da carteira de mercado, mas inferior ao da Sabesp. Procurou-se investigar, ademais, se ocorreram os eventos relatados nas experiências internacionais, isto é, subprecificação das ações no curto prazo e desempenho desfavorável entre 03 e 05 anos. As análises permitiram afirmar que, no caso da Copasa, não ocorreu o primeiro fenômeno, mas, confirmou-se o desempenho inferior aos dos benchmarks em um período mais longo. Também, foi mensurado a geração de valor (EVA), e os resultados são preocupantes, pois nos últimos dois anos analisados a empresa destruiu valor, ou seja, os retornos sobre o capital investido não conseguiram cobrir os custos de oportunidade do capital investido.
Fatores Contribuintes Decisivos para Maturidade em Gerenciamento de Projetos Segundo um Núcleo de Especialistas: uma perspectiva pela análise de conteúdo
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos Augusto Barros , Pech Gerson
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar os fatores decisivos para o aumento do nível de maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos das organizações. Exploramos o conhecimento e experiência de um núcleo de profissionais especializado, formado por docentes dos programas de pós-graduação em Gerenciamento de Projetos. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa cujos resultados foram estruturados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Assim, as questões-chave relacionadas ao nível de maturidade puderam ser reveladas e categorizadas. Como resultado deste estudo, os fatores decisivos apontados com maior intensidade, para cada uma das categorias, são: (i) Pessoas: composição eficaz da equipe de projeto, liderança efetiva e habilidades comportamentais; (ii) Organização: cultura organizacional e patrocínio executivo; (iii) Processos e Tecnologia: metodologia, uso de melhores práticas e sistemas de apoio aos projetos; (iv) Negócios e Clientes: melhoria da competitividade. Com isso, podemos traçar uma estratégia que contribua para as organizações aumentarem o desempenho na gestão de seus projetos.
Mini Special Issue on Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Hibino Hironori ,   Tokyo University of Science, Nakano Masaru
Published: January 2017

Industry 4.0, a new industry initiative in Germany, is impacting strongly both on industry and on society. Many newspapers and technical magazines are publishing the state of the art articles on topics such as smart manufacturing based on IoT (Internet of Things), CPPS (Cyber Physical Production System), and cloud-based systems. Other parts of the world have started initiatives such as the IIC (Industrial Internet Consortium) in the US and the IVI (Industrial Value Chain Initiative) in Japan. Smart manufacturing is the key concept underlying these new initiatives. This special issue addresses the most advanced research on smart manufacturing. Subjects cover cyber-physical product-service systems, machinery production lines, manufacturing system simulation, lot-size energy-consumption dependence per production throughput unit, additive manufacturing processes, sensor network technology, production management technology, supply chain management technology, and smart manufacturing reviews. We thank the authors for their careful work and the reviewers for their incisive efforts without which this special issue would not have been possible. We hope that this special issue will trigger further research on smart manufacturing and its advances.
Mycobacterium cosmeticum Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Vutescu Emil Stefan , Koenig Karl M.
Published: January 2017

Case:

A 67-year-old immunocompetent man presented with a periprosthetic infection 4 months after a left total knee arthroplasty. Repeated aspirations failed to show any organism growth. After irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange, there was minimal clinical improvement. Subsequently, the patient developed an arthrocutaneous fistula, which prompted a 2-stage revision arthroplasty. Mycobacterium cosmeticum grew on the culture specimens taken during this procedure, and the patient was treated with 6 months of antibiotics.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an M. cosmeticum prosthesis-related infection. The patient recovered well following a 2-stage revision arthroplasty and treatment with a Mycobacterium species-specific antibiotic.
Submuscular Plate for Pediatric Femoral Fractures
Authors: Shaner Adam , Sponseller Paul
Published: January 2017

Management of pediatric femoral fractures is dependent on patient age and injury pattern. For length-stable femoral shaft fractures in school-age children (5 to 11 years of age), flexible intramedullary nailing (IMN) is a popular treatment method. However, for fracture patterns that are length-unstable or involve the proximal or distal third of the femur, flexible IMN has a higher rate of postoperative complications. Use of a submuscular bridge plate has been shown to be an effective alternative to IMN for these injuries. Because this long plate is inserted with a minimally invasive technique and indirect reduction, it acts as an internal type of “external fixator,” thereby avoiding soft-tissue stripping at the fracture site and decreasing strain across the fracture site.

Step 1: Position the patient supine on a radiolucent table with a bump under the ipsilateral hip.

Step 2: Lay a 4.5-mm narrow stainless-steel plate over the injured thigh and use fluoroscopy to determine the appropriate length for this plate. Contour the plate as needed.

Step 3: Make a lateral, longitudinal incision of 2 to 3 cm at the proximal or distal part of the femur through the iliotibial band. Elevate the vastus lateralis extraperiosteally from the femur using a Cobb elevator. Pass the plate through this plane proximally or distally while maintaining contact between the plate and the femur.

Step 4: Adjust the plate position using fluoroscopy. Obtain fracture reduction using closed techniques and secure the plate temporarily with Kirschner wires through the most proximal and distal holes.

Step 5: Place the first screw near the end of the plate under direct visualization. Place the second screw using a percutaneous technique and insert it immediately proximal or distal to the fracture site where the femur is farthest from the plate. The drilling and length measurement of this screw are fluoroscopically aided and will bring the plate down into contact with the femoral cortex.

Step 6: Place the remaining screws in a similar fashion; 3 screws proximal and distal to the fracture site provide adequate stability. Locking screws or lag screws are typically not necessary in this construct. Obtain final radiographs to ensure appropriate reduction length, alignment, and rotation.

Postoperatively, patients begin hip and knee range-of-motion exercises without immobilization. Touch-down weight-bearing with crutches is used until callus formation is seen on radiographs, usually in 6 to 8 weeks. The plate can be removed 6 months after the index surgery.
Recomendaciones para una política nacional de promoción de la lactancia materna en México: postura de la Academia Nacional de Medicina
Authors: González de Cosío-Martínez Teresita , Hernández-Cordero Sonia , Rivera-Dommarco Juan , Hernández-Ávila Mauricio
Published: January 2017

Para mejorar las prácticas de lactancia materna es necesario fortalecer acciones de promoción, protección y apoyo, y establecer una política nacional multisectorial que incluya elementos indispensables de diseño, implementación, monitoreo y evaluación de programas y políticas públicas, financiamiento para acciones e investigación, desarrollo de abogacía y voluntad política, y promoción de la lactancia materna, todo coordinado por un nivel central. Recientemente, México ha iniciado un proceso de reformas conducentes a la conformación de una Estrategia Nacional de Lactancia Materna (ENLM). Esta estrategia es el resultado de la disponibilidad de evidencia científica sobre los beneficios de la lactancia materna en la salud de la población y el desarrollo de capital humano así como de los datos alarmantes de su deterioro. La implementación integral de una ENLM que incluya el establecimiento de un Comité Nacional Operativo, coordinación intra e intersectorial de acciones, establecimiento de metas claras, monitoreo y penalización de las violaciones al Código Internacional de Comercialización de Sucedáneos de la Leche Materna, y financiamiento de estas acciones es la gran responsabilidad pendiente de la agenda de salud pública del país.
Health program in a Brazilian school
Authors: O A Silva Ubaldo , Nascimento Gerian L , Kelly Santos Isis , P M Azevedo Kesley , F Santos Christiane , Knackfuss Maria I , Medeiros Humberto J
Published: January 2017

Objective. To analyze the School Health Program (SHP)through the perceptions of managers and health professionals. Materials and methods. This was a descriptive, crosssectional,and qualitative study that conducted interviews with 21 individuals using the lexical analysis of Bardin’s speech and processed the data through the Alceste software. Results. In the interviewees’ perception, verification of blood pressure,visual acuity, weight, height, body mass index, oral health,preventive actions and educational lectures are recommended in the program’s guidelines. The schools do not have available and adequate space for the staff to perform the work. The redominant exchange occurs between the health and education secretaries. The actions that provided opportunities to students were primarily promotion, prevention, and health education; funding is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Municipal Secretary of Health. Conclusions. The structures, exchanges, and available resources were insufficient for the development of the program.
Effects of climatic and social factors on dengue incidence in Mexican municipalities in the state of Veracruz
Authors: Moreno-Banda Grea Litai , Riojas-Rodríguez Horacio , Hurtado-Díaz Magali , Danis-Lozano Rogelio , Rothenberg Stephen Joel
Published: January 2017

Objective. To assess links between the social variables and longer-term El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related weather conditions as they relate to the week-to-week changes in dengue incidence at a regional level. Materials and methods. We collected data from 10 municipalities of the Olmeca region in México, over a 10 year period (January 1995 to December 2005). Negative binomial models with distributed lags were adjusted to look for associations between changes in the weekly incidence rate of dengue fever and climate variability. Results. Our results show that it takes approximately six weeks for sea surface temperatures (SST -34) to affect dengue incidence adjusted by weather and social variables. Conclusion. Such models could be used as early as two months in advance to provide information to decision makers about potential epidemics. Elucidating the effect of climatic variability and social variables, could assist in the development of accurate early warning systems for epidemics like dengue, Chikungunya and Zika.
Aportes de la capacitación a la promoción de la salud en los Servicios Estatales de Salud: análisis comparativo en ocho estados de México
Authors: Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth , Molina-Rodríguez Juan Francisco , Castillo-Castillo Lorena Elizabeth
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Evaluar los resultados de la capacitación impartida por el Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública en promoción de la salud al personal institucional de los Servicios Estatales de Salud durante el periodo 2007 y 2008. Material y métodos. Se realizó una investigación evaluativa no experimental con grupo de comparación y se combinaron métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Resultados. En los estados intervenidos se observó mejor conceptualización de promoción de la salud, participación social y componentes del Modelo Operativo de Promoción de la Salud; la Investigación y Acción Participativa fue la estrategia básica de implementación del trabajo de promoción de la salud en comunidad y la gestión presentó una tendencia a ser más participativa e inclusiva. Conclusión. La capacitación ha permitido fortalecer en el  personal de salud las competencias para la promoción de la salud y el desarrollo de procesos de trabajo más sostenibles en la comunidad impulsando procesos de gestión concertados y participativos.
Tránsito de usuarios entre hospitales de diferentes estados e instituciones
Authors: Pineda-Pérez Dayana , Puentes-Rosas Esteban , Garrido-Latorre Francisco , Fajardo-Dolci Germán
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Describir y cuantificar los servicios prestados en hospitales de la Secretaría de Salud a pacientes con seguridad social o que habitan en entidades distintas a la del hospital del que egresaron. Material y métodos. Utilizando el Sistema Automatizado de Egresos Hospitalarios, los pacientes se clasificaron, según su residencia, en locales o foráneos; y por tipo de aseguramiento, en derechohabientes o no derechohabientes. Se calculó la frecuencia de servicios otorgados y se analizaron las características diferenciales de los pacientes y los servicios. Resultados. De los pacientes 5.6% fueron foráneos. En los Institutos Nacionales de Salud este porcentaje alcanzó 50%. Sólo 1.7% de los pacientes registraron ser derechohabientes. Las características sociodemográficas y del perfil de servicios son claramente distinguibles entre pacientes foráneos y derechohabientes y aquellos sin estos atributos. Discusión. Independientemente del carácter segmentado y fragmentado del Sistema Nacional de Salud, existe un proceso de intercambio de servicios entre proveedores.
Capacidad del marco jurídico de las instituciones públicas de salud de México para apoyar la integración funcional
Authors: Ibarra Ignacio , Martínez Gabriel , Aguilera Nelly , Orozco Emanuel , E Fajardo-Dolci Germán , A González-Block Miguel
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Evaluar la capacidad del marco legal federal para gobernar el financiamiento de las instituciones públicas de salud mediante esquemas innovadores que les permiten comprar y vender servicios de salud de y a otros proveedores públicos, como una estrategia para mejorar su desempeño. Material y métodos. Con base en indicadores de alineamiento normativo respecto de la integración funcional entre instituciones proveedoras públicas y de gobernanza, se analizó el contenido de los programas nacionales de salud y de leyes y lineamientos oficiales pertinentes para la coordinación financiera. Resultados. Se identificó un avance considerable en la implementación de convenios para la coordinación de las instituciones públicas. No obstante, el marco legal en apoyo al Sistema Nacional de Salud y al sector salud muestra deficiencias y contradicciones que limitan su alcance, mientras que el Padrón General de Salud carece del sustento legal necesario para convertirse en una herramienta de amplio beneficio para la integración. Si bien los convenios de intercambio de servicios están avanzando con base en tarifas y lineamientos compartidos, se carece de incentivos que promuevan su expansión. Conclusiones. Es recomendable actualizar el marco legal para la coordinación del Sistema Nacional de Salud, procurando un enfoque más armónico y general que impulse la integración funcional.
Development and implementation of guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening: The European experience
Authors: Von Karsa Lawrence , Arrossi Silvina
Published: January 2017

In Europe, as in many other regions of the world, breast cancer is a major cause of suffering and death. Early detection of breast cancer by systematic mammography screening can find lesions for which treatment is more effective and generally more favourable for quality of life. Comprehensive quality assurance guidelines for breast cancer screening ba- sed on mammography have been developed in the Europe Against Cancer programme with the aim of maximising screening benefits while minimising adverse effects, such as unnecessary examination or treatment resulting from false-positive screening tests. The present report provides an overview of the European experience in developing and implementing quality assurance guidelines for breast cancer screening. It highlights implications relevant to those regions of the world in which the burden of breast cancer in the coming years will make population-based screening an option for cancer control.
Retos y oportunidades para el desarrollo de la política farmacéutica nacional en México
Authors: J Wirtz Veronika , Dreser Anahí , Heredia-Pi Ileana
Published: January 2017

A diferencia de otros países de América Latina, México no tiene una política farmacéutica nacional (PFN) coherente y explícita. Otros retos que enfrenta el país son el alto gasto de bolsillo en medicamentos, a pesar de la implementación del acceso universal a través del Seguro Popular; los precios altos de medicamentos en el sector privado, ajustados por nivel de ingreso y en comparación con otros países; y la falta de una estrategia clara para mejorar el uso seguro y eficiente de los medicamentos con intervenciones dirigidas a los médicos, a las farmacias y a los consumidores. El objetivo de este trabajo es, con base en las recomendaciones hechas en la literatura, describir los retos y oportunidades para 1) consolidar la formulación de una PFN, junto con un plan de implementación y evaluación, y 2) definir el contenido de las políticas en términos del uso de los medicamentos y el acceso a los mismos.
Self-reported early detection activities for breast cancer in Colombia in 2010: impact of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics
Authors: Font-Gonzalez Anna , Piñeros Marion , De Vries Esther
Published: January 2017

Objective. To explore which socioeconomic and demographic characteristics influence Colombian women to utilize screening mammography (SMMG). Materials and methods. Data of women aged 40-49 years (n=12 345) and 50-69 years (n=14 771) from the Colombian national survey of demography and health 2010 was analyzed. Risk estimates (odds ratios, OR) of self-reported SMMG use were obtained using logistic regression. Results. Among women aged 50-69 years, high wealth index (OR=4.7; CI95%, 3.9-5.8), affiliation to special or contributory health insurance regime (OR=3.4; CI95% 2.6-4.6 and OR=2.5; CI95% 2.1-3.0 respectively), health consultation in previous year (OR=2.7; CI95% 2.3-3.1), high education level (OR=2.3; CI95% 1.8-2.9) and very good selfreported health (OR=1.5; CI95% 1.1-2.0) positively influenced SMMG utilization. Among women aged 40-49 years, likelihood of having a SMMG was high after a health consultation in the previous year. Conclusions. Socioeconomic and demographic differences in use of SMMG need to be contemplated in screening recommendations before considering an organized population-based programme
Barreras que afectan el uso de datos de vigilancia epidemiológica del VIH/sida en México
Authors: C Rodríguez Daniela , Magis-Rodríguez Carlos , Bravo-García Enrique
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Estudio cualitativo para identificar y entender las barreras que afectan el uso de datos de vigilancia epidemiológica del VIH/sida en el ámbito estatal en México. Material y métodos. Dieciocho individuos fueron entrevistados en Michoacán, Morelos y México DF, incluyendo representantes gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas con códigos temáticos basados en textos especializados sobre las barreras para la utilización de datos. Resultados. Cuatro categorías de barreras fueron identificadas: conocimiento y accesibilidad de datos existentes, límites en la utilización de datos, toma de decisiones, y recursos limitados. Discusión. Este estudio resalta los factores que influyen sobre la manera en que los programas locales usan datos de vigilancia epidemiológica para mejorar actividades programáticas. Se identifican dos áreas específicas para intervenir: conciencia y accesibilidad de los datos de vigilancia disponibles, y capacitar a las autoridades locales para usarlos.
Clinical characteristics and HPV type in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Colombia
Authors: Cuello Gustavo , I Sánchez Gloria , Jaramillo Roberto , Quintero Katherine , Baena Armando , O’Byrne Adriana , J Reyes Antonio , Santamaría Consuelo , C Reina Julio , Muñoz Nubia
Published: January 2017

Objective. Describe factors associated with aggressive forms of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Materials and methods. One hundred eighty-nine RRP cases diagnosed between 1985 and 2009 were identified in pathological records. HPV was detected by the SPF-10 method with broad spectrum primers, (version 1). Results. 113 patients had only one surgery (less aggressive) and 76, two or more interventions (more aggressive). The likelihood of aggressive lesions decreased with increasing age at diagnosis and HPV- 11 was associated with no significant increase in the risk of aggressiveness. Conclusions. The age at diagnosis was the main determinant of RRP aggressiveness.
La Escuela de Salud Pública de México y su interacción continental: 1945-1982
Authors: Rosa Gudiño-Cejudo María , Magaña-Valladares Laura
Published: January 2017

Este artículo analiza un periodo de 37 años durante los cuales la Escuela de Salud Pública de México privilegió la docencia sobre la investigación como parte de su compromiso social hacia los problemas locales de salud. También estuvo vinculada con proyectos estadounidenses que fomentaron el intercambio de estudiantes y formó parte del grupo de Escuelas de Salud Pública de América Latina que constituyeron la Asociación Latinoamericana de Escuelas de Salud Pública (ALAESP). Por iniciativa de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), dicha asociación se reunió periódicamente entre 1959-1979 y los representantes mexicanos participaron de las discusiones sobre el mejor desempeño de las escuelas y la orientación que debían tener hacia sus tres prioridades: docencia, investigación e implementación de servicios a la comunidad. Desde este contexto, mediado por la OPS, analizamos la participación de la escuela mexicana en la formación de salubristas y recursos humanos para la salud y su papel en el conjunto de escuelas latinoamericanas.
Informe sobre la salud en el mundo, 2013: una ruta para la investigación en cobertura universal de salud
Authors: Lozano Rafael
Published: January 2017

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Recursos humanos para la atención de pacientes con diabetes en unidades de medicina familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Authors: V Doubova Svetlana , Ramírez-Sánchez Claudine , Figueroa-Lara Alejandro , Pérez-Cuevas Ricardo
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Evaluar las necesidades de recursos humanos (RH) para atender pacientes con diabetes en dos modelos de atención: convencional y específico para diabetes (DiabetIMSS) en clínicas de atención primaria del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Material y métodos. Investigación evaluativa; un grupo de expertos, en congruencia con las mejores prácticas clínicas, definió las actividades y tiempos que los RH requieren para atender a pacientes diabéticos. Seguidamente, se utilizó el método de planificación basado en evidencia ajustado por objetivos. Los RH estimados se contrastaron con los existentes para determinar la necesidad. Resultados. Para otorgar atención a los pacientes diabéticos en congruencia con su control metabólico, el modelo convencional requiere aumentar la plantilla de médicos (1.2 veces), nutriólogos (4.2 veces) y trabajadores sociales (4.1 veces); el modelo DiabetIMSS requiere mayores incrementos. Conclusiones. Es indispensable aumentar los RH en el primer nivel para otorgar atención basada en evidencia a pacientes diabéticos.