bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Analysis of some Imidazolinone Derivatives
Authors: Baluja Shipra , Kachhadia Nikunj
Published: December 2022

Thermal analysis of some imidazolinone derivatives derived from 1, N-phenyl-3-p-nitrophenyl-4-formyl pyrazole, have been carried out by TGA technique. From these thermograms, various kinetic parameters such as order of degradation (n), energy of activation (E), frequency factor (A) and entropy change (∆S) have been evaluated. Further, thermal stability of imidazolinone derivatives have been determined, which is found to depend on the type of substituent present in the compounds.
Synthesis of Polyaniline in the Presence of Physiological Active Compounds
Authors: Nakajima Kuniharu , Wang Aohan , Kawashima Hirotsugu , Goto Hiromasa
Published: December 2022

Synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) in the presence of physiological active materials is reported. Infrared absorption, electron spin resonance, and UV-Vis optical absorption spectroscopy measurements for the resultants were carried out. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed the surface structures of the polymer.
UV-Crosslinkable Photoreactive Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Synthesized from Butyl Acrylate and 4-Acryloyloxy Benzophenone
Authors: Czech Zbigniew , Sowa Dominika , Kowalska Jagoda
Published: December 2022

The manuscript describes synthesized of photoreactive UV-crosslinkable solvent-borne acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) based on butyl acrylate (BA) and copolymerizable photoinitiator 4-acryloyloxy benzophenone (ABP) characterized by molecular mass in the range of 180 000 to 480 000 Dalton. These copolymers were tacky but possessed insufficient cohesive strength after UV-crosslinking to be useful as PSA. They resulted in materials having a balance of cohesive and adhesive characteristics required of good PSA. Some of the parameters affecting the pressure-sensitive adhesive properties of the copolymer are: amount of the 4-acryloyloxy benzophenone, molecular mass of the polymeric components, UV-reactivity and such important properties like tack, peel adhesion and shear strength.
Molecular Docking and QSAR Study of Chalcone and Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Anti-Malarial Agents against Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Christian Dayena J. , Vekariya Rajesh H. , Patel Kinjal D. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Rajani Smita D. , Parmar Kailash , Chhabaria Mahesh T. , Patel Hitesh D.
Published: December 2022

A data set of chalcone and pyrimidine derivatives with anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum was employed in investigating the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). Molecular docking study was performed for plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR-TS). Genetic function approximation (GFA) technique was used to identify the descriptors that have influence on anti-malarial activity. The most influencing molecular descriptors identified include thermodynamics, structural and physical descriptors. Generated model was found to be good based on correlation coefficient, LOF, rm2 and rcv2 values. Nrotb, solubility, polarizibility may have negative influence on antimalarial activity or play an important role in growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum. The QSAR models so constructed provide fruitful insights for the future development of anti-malarial agents.
Lessons Learnt and Process in the Formation of First Water Users Association or Pani Panchayat in Odisha by Wapcos-Limited
Authors: Dubey Rajesh P. , Ananth P.N. , Aswathy N. , Sarkar Bikas
Published: December 2022

WAPCOS Limited is a “MINI RATNA Category- 1” and “ISO 9001:2008”accredited Public Sector Enterprise under the aegis of the Union Ministry of Water Resource, Government of India. WAPCOS has an in-built capability to provide multi-disciplinary project teams comprising of its own core group of professionals and specialists from various organizations of Government of India. WAPCOS provides consultancy services in all facets of Water Resources, Power and Infrastructure sectors in India and abroad. This paper describes the attempts of WAPCOS in the formation of Water Users Association (WUA) or Pani Panchayat (PP) during one of the consultancy projects implemented by WAPCOS. The lessons learnt were towards the intensive process during different stages in benefitting beneficiary farmers by establishing a WUA or PP. A country with large water resources with deficit investments requires effective implementation with people‟s participation for better efficient and effective sharing of responsibilities towards operation, management and maintenance. The paper also describes the changes in process towards formation of a WUA or PP over the years.
The Dimerization Effects of Some Solutes on the Partition Coefficient kD in Binary Immiscible Solvents
Authors: Onyeocha Veronica O. , Akpan O.D. , Onuchukwu Ikejiofor A. , Chidiebere Maduabuchi A.
Published: December 2022

The dimerization of a solute dissolved in binary immiscible solvents shows that the value of the partition coefficient, kD of the solutes are influenced by the dimerization constant, K of the solute in one of the solvents according to the description: (C_X^A)/(C_X^B ) = kD + 2kD2KCxB where CxA and CxB are the concentrations of the solute x in the solvents A and B respectively. Both kD and K are parameters that predict the extent of beneficiation for most minerals. Also, kD is a fundamental parameter that determines the extent of solute recovery during solvent extraction. In this study, it is found that the order K kD and K kD are the effects for acetic and succinic acids respectively in the binary solvents composed of carbon tetrachloride/water and diethylether/water systems respectively. These results suggest that the distributions of these solutes in the solvents are accompanied by the formation of succinic anhydride which is more favoured than the dimerization of the acetic acid. Also, the changes in the values of distribution enthalpies, HD are corroborated to explain these experimental observations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ester Derivatives of Stilbene Derived from Acid Derivative (of P-Chloro Phenyl Acetic Acid, Substitute Benzaldehyde, Triethyl Amine) with Methanol and Sulphuric Acid
Authors: More Paresh S. , Singh Santosh G.
Published: December 2022

Two stilbene derivatives have been synthesized in two step process. First step involved synthesis of acid derivative from p-chloro phenyl acetic acid, substituted benzaldehyde and triethyl amine, where as the second step involved synthesis of substituted stilbene derivatives (enoate or esters) through very simple route. These derivatives were characterized by various spectral techniques and were screened for their antimicrobial activities.
Adsorption of Basic and Acidic Dyes onto Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Okorocha Nnaemeka John , Okoji J. Josphine , Osuji Charles
Published: December 2022

The potential of almond leaves powder, (ALP) for the removal of Crystal violet (CV) and Congo red (CR) dyes from aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorbent (ALP) was characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. Batch adsorption studies were conducted and various parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were studied to observe their effects in the dyes adsorption process. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of CV and CR dyes onto the adsorbent (ALP) was found to be: contact time (100mins), pH (10.0), temperature (343K) for an initial CV dye concentration of 50mg/L using adsorbent dose of 1.0g and contact time (100mins), pH (2.0), temperature (333K) for an initial CR dye concentration of 50mg/L using adsorbent dose 1.0g respectively. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data fitted best and well to the Freundlich isotherm model for both CV and CR dyes adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of ALP was found to be 22.96mg/g and 7.77mg/g for the adsorption of CV and CR dyes respectively. The kinetic data conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic quantities such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) were evaluated and the negative values of ΔG0obtained for both dyes indicate the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process while the positive values of ΔH0and ΔS0obtained indicated the endothermic nature and increased randomness during the adsorption process respectively for the adsorption of CV and CR onto ALP. Based on the results obtained such as good adsorption capacity, rapid kinetics, and its low cost, ALP appears to be a promising adsorbent material for the removal of CV and CR dye stuff from aqueous media.
On the SD-Polynomial and SD-Index of an Infinite Class of “Armchair Polyhex Nanotubes”
Authors: Farahani Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2022

Let G be a simple connected graph with the vertex set V = V(G) and the edge set E = E(G),without loops and multiple edges. For counting qoc strips in G, Diudea introduced the Ω-polynomialof G and was defined as Ω(G, x) = ∑ki-1xi where C1, C2,..., Ck be the “opposite edge strips” ops of Gand ci = |Ci| (I = 1, 2,..., k). One can obtain the Sd-polynomial by replacing xc with x|E(G)|-c in Ω-polynomial. Then the Sd-index will be the first derivative of Sd(x) evaluated at x = 1. In this paper wecompute the Sd-polynomial and Sd-index of an infinite class of “Armchair Polyhe x Nanotubes”.
Scenario of Solar Radio Burst Type III during Solar Eclipse on 14th November 2012
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

A compact solar flare was observed during a total solar eclipse event on 13-14 November 2012. This phenomenon is beginning in local time on November 14 west of the date line over northern Australia, and ended in local time on November 13 east of the date line near the west coast of South America. During the eclipse, the highest magnitude was 1.0500, occurring only 12 hours before perigee, with the maximum eclipse totality lasting just over four minutes. Considering the observational facts, the solar radio burst type III can be detected from the National Space Centre Malaysia by the Compound Low Cost Low Frequency Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) system from 00:00 UT – 1:30 UT. The group and individual solar burst type III can be detected in the region of 150-400 MHz. However, the eclipse cannot be observed from our site. From the observation, it was found that the eruption in the active region is becoming more active with a tens of groups solar radio burst type III can be observed. It continuing bursting within the first one hour. The sunspot number exceeds to 108 and solar wind speed 454.9 km/sec. Still the Sun remains active and we need to consider other processes to explain in detailed the injection, energy loss and the mechanism of the acceleration of the particles
Synthesis and Spectral Correlation Study of some 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(Substituted Phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-Pyrazole-1-yl-Ethanones
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy , Ravi K.
Published: December 2022

Some N-acetyl pyrazoles including 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(substituted phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-yl-ethanones have been synthesised by solvent free cyclization cum acetylation of chalcones including substituted styryl 3,4-dichlorophenyl ketones using hydrazine hydrate and acetic anhydride in presence of catalytic amount of fly-ash: H2SO4 catalyst. The yield of these N-acetyl pyrazole derivatives are more than 75%. The synthesised N-acetyl pyrazoline derivatives were characterized by their physical constants and spectral data. The infrared spectral νC=N and C=O (cm-1) frequencies, NMR chemical shifts (δ, ppm) of Ha, Hb, Hc, CH3 protons, C=N, C=O and CH3 carbons of 1-(3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(substitutedphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-yl) ethanones have been assigned and correlated with Hammett substituent constants and Swain-Lupton’s parameters using single and multi-regression analysis. From the results of statistical analyses the effect of substituents on the above group frequencies and chemical shifts of the acetylated pyrazoles were discussed.
Characterization of Nitrogen Implanted Pure Ti in Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) Solution
Authors: Kadam Suresh N. , Jagdeo Kailash R. , Nair M.R.
Published: December 2022

Metallic biomaterial like stainless steel, Co-based alloy, Ti and its alloy are widely used as artificial hip joints, bone plates and dental implants. However; this alloy releases ions from the surface liable to do serious harm to human bodies. For overcoming surface originated problems, various surface modification technique have been used on the metallic implants. In this study, the nitrogen was implanted by a process of ion implantation at 60 keV with different fluences of 1 x 1016, 5 x 1016, 1x1017 and 5 x 1017 ions/cm2. Corrosion resistance of Ti and ion implanted Ti were investigated by an electrochemical test, at 37°C in normal saline solution. Tafel extrapolation method was used for calculating corrosion rate. ICP-AES studies were carried out to determine amount of ions leached out from samples when kept immersed in normal saline solution. Corrosion stability and elemental out-diffusion resistance was found to be increased by nitrogen ion implantation. The implanted samples showed variation in the corrosion resistance with varying doses and the sample implanted at 1 X 1017 ions/cm2 showed an optimum corrosion resistance.
Effect of Al-Doping on the Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Film Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Technique
Authors: Musaab Khudhr M. , Abass Khalid Haneen
Published: December 2022

Aluminum doped ZnO (AZO) thin films doped has been prepared by thermal evaporation method onto glass substrates. The optical characterization has been studied by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer in the range (300-1100) nm. The transmittance increased with increasing Al-doping, while absorption decreases with increasing Al-doping content. The energy gap (Eg) values increased with increasing Al-doped in the ZnO:Al thin films. The refractive index, extinction coefficient, and real and imaginary dielectric constants obtained results show that doping content strongly affects the optical parameters of AZO thin films. Optical constants tend to decrease with increasing doping content.
Simultaneous Determination of Aspirin and Rosuvastatin Calcium in Capsules by Using RP-HPLC Coupled with Photo Diode Array Detection
Authors: Panchal Ankita , Sanghvi Gaurav , Vachhani Ashish , Sheth Navin , Vaishnav Devendra
Published: December 2022

A simple, sensitive, specific, and cost effective method for simultaneous determination of Aspirin and Rosuvastatin calcium was developed and validated in single dosage formulation. The sample solution of ASP and RSTC was prepared using methanol as a solvent. Separation of ASP and RSTC was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of 20 mM KH2PO4 : Methanol (30:70 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Separations were performed on Merck hibar 250-4.6 RP18 (5 µm) column (150 mm X 3.0 mm), using a Shimadzu Prominence HPLC system equipped with a Shimadzu SPD-20A detector, Rhenodyne 7725i injector with 20 μL loop, LC-20 AD pump, CBM-20 Alite controller and LC Solution software. Retention times of ASP and RSTC were 3.747 and 5.969 minutes respectively. Absolute recovery of ASP and RSTC was 100.3 and 100.03 % respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of ASP and RSTC was 0.3097 and 0.1063 ppm and lower limit of detection (LLOD) of ASP and RSTC was 0.01535 and 0.01358 ppm respectively. Linearity was established for the range of concentrations 15.00-90.0 μg/ml and 2.0-12.0 μg/ml for ASP and RSTC respectively with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.994 and 0.999 for both the compounds. The inter- and intra-day precision in the measurement of ASP quality control (QC) sample 75 μg/ml, were in the range 0.1-0.2 % relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) and 0.2-0.3 % R.S.D., respectively. The inter- and intra-day precision in the measurement of RST quality control (QC) sample 10 μg/ml, were in the range 0.1-0.2 % R.S.D., and 0.0-0.3 % R.S.D., respectively. The developed method would be applicable for routine quality control of ASP And RSTC in bulk as well as in pharmaceutical formulations
The Effects of Triazole Compounds on Leaf Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Sridharan R. , Raja S.
Published: December 2022

In the present investigation was carried out to find out the impact of Triadimefon (TDM) and hexaconazole (HEX) triazole fungicides on the leaf anatomy of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) The plant was treated with one litre of aqueous solution containing 20 mg-1 triadimefon (TDM) and 20mg-1 hexaconazole (HEX) on 23,35 and 53, days after sowing (DAS) by soil drenching. The plants were harvested on 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing. The total leaf area, thickness of leaf, number of stomata in lower epidermis, stomatal pore length and width were observed in both control and treatments. Leaves treated with TDM and HEX showed several variations in the anatomical characteristics when compared to the leaves of the untreated control plant of Raphanus sativus.
Structural and Morphological Studies of (NiO)1-x(CuO)x  Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Paralysis Technique
Authors: Hasan Nahida B. , Jasim Mohammed Mohammed
Published: December 2022

(NiO)1-x(CuO)x Thin Films have been deposited on glass substrates by chemical spray paralysis technique for with different ratios at temperature (375±10) °C with spray rate 4s./1min. The structural properties of thin films have been investigated by the study of X-Ray diffraction analysis and morphological by study atomic forces microscope (AFM) . From the XRD result showed all simples are polycrystalline and various structural parameters were calculated. all the films show most preferred orientation along (111), (200) and (220) planes. The (AFM) results shows that the roughness decreases with mixing ratios.
The Chemical Study of Calotropis
Authors: Verma Vishwa Nath
Published: December 2022

Calotropis (Asclepiadaceae) commonly known as “madar” is a useful medicinal plant. The two species i.e. Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera are to a great extent having a very similar chemical properties, but the colours of their flowers are different. The pH of latex of these two species has been found different in the present study. The temperature effects have been noticed on their pH values which is varying from 7.2 to 8.1 between the temperatures 25 °C to 45 °C and then remains constant for Calotropis gigantia. The milky latex contains hydrocarbons, fatty acids, sterols and terpenels. Seven spots have been observed on the TLC plates; out of which 3 were identified as calotoxin, uscharin and calactin. Aluminum, calcium, cadmiun, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, magnese, magnesium, nickel, lead, and zinc metal elements were investigated in the latex and similarly in the leaves and bark from the AA spectra. The amount of magnese was found the highest in the latex of both species but calcium was found highest in leaves and bark of both species. Copper, chromium and lead were not found at all in latex but a very little amount of copper and lead were found in leaves and bark. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to investigate the metals which were measured in the order of ppm.
Effect of Section Size as a Measure of Cooling Rate on the Solidified Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sand-Cast Al-Si Eutectic Alloy
Authors: Mark Udochukwu
Published: December 2022

Several factors contribute to the development of structure and properties of aluminiumalloy castings. This study investigated the singular effect of cooling rate on the as-cast structure andmechanical properties of an aluminum-silicon eutectic alloy, keeping other factors such as pouringtemperature, melt treatments, physical and thermal properties of the mould, and alloy compositionconstant. The rate of cooling was varied by employing different casting section sizes, based on thevariation of rate of heat extraction given by solidification time as predicted by the Chvorinov’s rule.Four test bars of section sizes 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm respectively were cast in sand mould using thesame gating system. Spectrometric analysis of the alloy formulated revealed that it could be specifiedapproximately as Al-12.8Si-1.0Cu alloy. The study showed that as section size decreased from 40mm to 10 mm; the solidification time reduced (i.e. the cooling rate increased), the microstructure gotfiner, the silicon flakes became more uniformly distributed, and the mechanical properties generallyimproved. The tensile strength, ductility, and hardness all increased in the order of decreasing sectionsize, i.e. increasing cooling rate. The mechanical properties were found to be linearly correlated withsection size or cooling rate. Whereas the elongations were lower than values for pure aluminium, thestrength and hardness were significantly higher than values for the pure metal. It is concluded thatthe cooling rate modifies the microstructure and improves the mechanical properties of as-cast Al–Sieutectic alloys
Polymorphic and Morphological Transformations of CaCO3 under CO2 Atmosphere and under the Influence of EDTA at 60 °C
Authors: Bhuvaneswari S. , Palanisamy K. , Subramani K. , Subramanian V.K.
Published: December 2022

Calcium carbonate scale samples were synthesized from calcium chloride solution in the presence of ethylenediamminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) by bubbling CO2 gas. Samples were prepared with different concentrations of EDTA at 60 °C and characterized using XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. The details revealed that EDTA stabilizes aragonite more efficiently at higher concentrations of EDTA. It was also observed that increasing the concentration of EDTA has no significant impact on the polymorphic specificity where as influence the morphology and the size of the particles.
Fractal Minkowski Antenna Loaded with Hilbert Curve as Complementary Split Ring Resonator
Authors: Shaalan Amer Basim
Published: December 2022

Fractal Minkowski patch antenna is proposed. Classical complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is slotted on the patch. For comparison, fractal Hilbert shape split ring resonator also slotted on the patch. These slots make the patch behaves as a left-handed material in certain frequency band. Minkowski fractal antenna has three resonance frequencies. The complementary split ring resonator and Hilbert ring affects the upper two frequencies and make the antenna resonate at lower frequencies. Lowering the resonance frequencies cause a reduction in antenna size. More reduction of antenna size is obtained when fractal Hilbert is used as complementary split ring resonator. The simulated results have been done by using (HFSS) software, which is based on finite element modeling. The measurement of fabricated antenna shows good agreement with simulation results
Effect of Molarity on Structural and Optical Properties of Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline PbS Thin Film
Authors: Sarma Manash Pratim , Wary G.
Published: December 2022

Thin films of PbS were deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method under various molarities using lead acetate as Pb2+ ion source, thiourea as S2- ion source and ammonia as complexing agent at a fixed pH value of 9 under bath temperature of 333 K. Four different molarities of PbS thin films were prepared. The as-prepared films were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), EDX, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Parameters like crystallite size, lattice constant, microstrain, dislocation density were calculated. Optical constants such as extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient were measured from absorption spectra. Studies show that average nanocrystallite size increases from14.2 nm to 18.1 nm as the molarity of the film increases. Optical studies reveal the decrease of band gap from 1.75 eV to 1.44 eV with increasing molarity of the film indicating higher electrical conductivity of the films.
DMC and VMC Calculations of the Electric Dipole Moment and the Ground-State Total Energy of Hydrazine Molecule Using CASINO-Code
Authors: Ekong Sylvester A. , Akpan Vincent A. , Ebomwonyi Osarodion
Published: December 2022

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations of the electric dipole moment and ground-state total energy of hydrazine (N2H4) molecule using CASINO-code have been carried-out by employing the VMC and DMC techniques. The optimization of the Slater-Jastrow trial wave-function was done using variance-minimization scheme. The simulations require that the configurations must evolve on the time scale of the electronic motion, and after equilibration, the estimated effective time-step be obtained. In this study, the electric dipole moment of N2H4 molecule was calculated using only the DMC technique; and a value of 2.0D which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 1.85D was obtained. On the other hand, the ground-state total energy of N2H4 molecule was calculated using both VMC and DMC methods. It was observed that the result obtained from the VMC technique agrees very-well with the best theoretical value [17], but the DMC technique gave a ground-state total energy lower than all other theoretical values in literature, suggesting that the DMC result of –111.842774 ± 0.00394 a.u. may be the exact ground-state total energy of hydrazine molecule. The calculated values of electric dipole moment and ground-state total energy in this work are compared with the available experimental values and the values reported by different workers. Reasonably good agreement has been obtained between them in the required order of chemical accuracy.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Tartaric Acid by N-Chloronicotinamide (NCN)
Authors: Pushpalatha L.
Published: December 2022

The oxidation of tartaric acid by N-chloronicotinamide in the presence of HClO4 is studied. First order kinetics with respect to NCN is observed. The kinetics results indicate fractional order dependence about [tartaric acid]. Inverse first order in [nicotinamide] and inverse fractional order about [H+] are noted. Rate of the reaction increases with a decrease in the percentage of acetic acid. The values of rate constants observed at four different temperatures were utilized to calculate the activation parameters. A suitable mechanism consistent with the experimental findings has been proposed.
Strain Distributions in Group IV and III-V Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Authors: Wijewardena Gamalath K A I L , Fernando M.A.I.P.
Published: December 2022

A theoretical model was developed using Green’s function with an anisotropic elastic tensor to study the strain distribution in and around three dimensional semiconductor pyramidal quantum dots formed from group IV and III-V material systems namely, Ge on Si, InAs on GaAs and InP on AlP. A larger positive strain in normal direction which tends to zero beyond 6nm was observed for all three types while the strains parallel to the substrate were negative. For all the three types of quantum dots hydrostatic strain and biaxial strain along x and z directions were not linear but described a curve with a maximum positive value near the base of the quantum dot. The hydrostatic strain in x-direction is mostly confined within the quantum dot and practically goes to zero outside the edges of the quantum dot. For all the three types, the maximum hydrostatic and biaxial strains occur in x-direction around -1nm and around 2nm in z-direction. The negative strain in x-direction although realtively weak penetrate more deeper to the substrate than hydrostatic strain.The group IV substrate gave larger hydrostatic and biaxial strains than the group III-V semiconductor combinations and InAs /GaAs was the most stable. The results indicated that the movements of atoms due to the lattice mismatch were strong for group III-V.
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Reinforced Polyester/Nanocomposites
Authors: Kumar G. Naveen , Reddy Y.V. Mohana , Reddy K. Hemachandra
Published: December 2022

We report on synthesis of two highly disperse nanoparticles viz. Fe2O3 & f-Fe2O3 using chemical reduction method. Reaction was initiated to mix solution A (i.e. Fecl3 6H2o) into solution B (i.e. Fecl24H2o) together under the presence of ammonium to develop nanoparticles. Mechanical properties of above mentioned nanoparticles filled with polyester polymer nanocomposites were fabricated to assess the possibility of using this filler as a new material. Methacryloxypropyl was used as a functionalization agent to prepare f-Fe2O3nanoparticles. Mechanical properties of f-Fe2O3 nanocomposites were improved with the help of functionalization when compared with Fe2O3 nanocomposites. A functionalization of nanoparticles favours the composite fabrication with a lower curing temperature as compared to the as-synthesised nanoparticles filled polyester nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increased thermo-stability of f-Fe2O3 nanoparticles filled polyester nanocomposites as compared to the Fe2O3 nanoparticles filled counterparts. Mechanical and thermal properties were increased due to the homogeneous particle dispersion and chemical bonding between nanoparticles and polyester matrix. The nanoparticles become magnetically harder after incorporation into the polyester resin matrix.
Fabrication and Optoelectronic Properties of Fluoride Tin Oxides/Porous Silicon/p-Silicon Heterojunction
Authors: Hadi Hasan A.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, formation of a nanostructure semi transparence fluoride tin oxides (FTO) by spray pyrolysis technique on porous silicon PS layer. Porous silicon PS layer was prepared by anodization of p-type silicon wafers to fabricate of the UV- Visible Fluoride-doped tin oxide /Porous silicon /p-Si heterojunction photodetector. Optical properties of FTO thin films were measured. The optical band gap of 3.77 eV for SnO2:film was deduced. From (I-V) and (C-V) measurements, the barrier height for FTO/PS diode was of 0.77 eV, and the built in voltage , which was of 0.95 V. External quantum efficiency was 55 % at 500 nm which corresponding to peak responsivity of 1.15 A/W at 1 V bias. The PS band gap in the vicinity of PS/c-Si heterojunction was 1.38 eV.
Dependence of Liquid Crystalline Behaviors on Molecular Flexibility
Authors: Maheta S.A. , Bhola G.N. , Bhoya Umed C.
Published: December 2022

A novel homologous series of thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) has been synthesized with a view to understand and establish the effect of molecular structure on liquid crystal behaviors of a series. The present LC series consist of twelve homologues (C1 to C16); whose mesomorphic properties commence from octyloxy (C8) homologue of a series. C8, C10 and C12 members of a series are monotropic smectic and C14, C16 members are enantiotropically smectogenic. C1 to C7 homologues are nonmesomorphic. Nematogenic property is totally absent. Transition and melting temperatures are determined by an optical polarizing microscopy equipped with a heating stage. Textures of smectic mesophases are focal conic three or two dimensional networking of the type A or C. Cr-I/Sm and Sm-I or I-Sm transition curves behaved in normal manner. Analytical and spectral data confirms the molecular structures of homologues. Thermal stability of smectogenic mesophase is 100.6 oC and mesomorphic phase length is very short (12.9 °C to 15.3 oC). LC properties of a present novel series are compared with the structurally similar homologous series. Present series is partly smectogenic and partly non mesomorphic with poor degree of mesomorphism and middle ordered melting type without exhibition of nematogenic behavior.
The General Connectivity and General Sum-Connectivity Indices of Nanostructures
Authors: Farahani Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2022

Let G be a simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). For ∀νi∈V(G),di denotes the degree of νi in G. The Randić connectivity index of the graph G is defined as [1-3] χ(G)=∑e=v1v2є(G)(d1d2)-1/2. The sum-connectivity index is defined as χ(G)=∑e=v1v2є(G)(d1+d2)-1/2. The sum-connectivity index is a new variant of the famous Randić connectivity index usable in quantitative structure-property relationship and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies. The general m-connectivety and general m-sum connectivity indices of G are defined as mχ(G)=∑e=v1v2...vim+1(1/√(di1di2...dim+1)) and mχ(G)=∑e=v1v2...vim+1(1/√(di1+di2+...+dim+1)) where vi1vi2...vim+1 runs over all paths of length m in G. In this paper, we introduce a closed formula of the third-connectivity index and third-sum-connectivity index of nanostructure "Armchair Polyhex Nanotubes TUAC6[m,n]" (m,n≥1).
Rapid, Sensitive and Accurate Method for Determination of Lafutidine Hydrochloride in Human Plasma by RP-HPLC Syste
Authors: Vekariya Paras P. , Joshi Hitendra S.
Published: December 2022

Simple and rapid reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated using Phenomenex Gemini c18 (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 µ) reverse phase column for the determination of LAF in human plasma, Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) technique was used for the extraction of analyte, detection was carried out by Photo Diode Array detector at 216 nm. Chromatographic resolution of the LAF was achieved within 4.6 min by using mobile phase Methanol and 5 mM Di-Potassium Hydrogen Phosphate Buffer (pH 9.5) (80:20, v/v), flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Calibration curve was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.9996 in the range of 50-1000 ng/mL, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) were 10 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL respectively, intra and inter-day deviations were lower than 3.92% and 3.98% respectively. The overall mean recovery of LAF was 94.57%. No any endogenous constituents were found to interfere at retention time of the analyte. This new RP-HPLC method was successfully validated and may be applied to conduct bioavailability & bioequivalence studies of LAF.
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Silicon Layer Prepared by Photo-Electrochemical Etching in CH3OH:HF Solution
Authors: Hadi Hasan A. , Ismail Raid A. , Habubi Nadir F.
Published: December 2022

Porous silicon (PS) has been fabricated by Photo-electrochemical etching. Porous silicon was anodized on n-type Si in light using a current density of 20 mA/cm2 for 10 min. The porous structure formation was confirmed using XRD and AFM studies. The root mean square (RMS) roughness of the Porous silicon layer is found to be around 47.5 nm and the ten point height was 317 nm. The average of pores diameter was 419.98nm, and the grain growth is columnar with a (211) preferred orientation. The grain size of the PS was estimated from the Scherer’s formula and found to be 73 nm. All the properties of the porous silicon layer, such as porosity and the thickness depend on the anodization parameters. The porosity (P) was approximately 77%. The thickness of the layer formed during an anodization in constant current was 3.54 nm in gravimetric method, while its value was 1.77 nm by using the theoretical relation.
Identification and Determination of the Relations of Components of Information Technology in Supply Chain Management with Fuzzy DEMATEL Method (Case Study: Pars Khodro Company)
Authors: Jandaghi Gholamreza , Jafari Seyed Mohammadbagher , Salimi Pouria
Published: December 2022

In the business environment, information technology plays an important role in of firms’ performance. information technology provides information flow which makes the supply chain more robust and resilient. There are plenty of researches about the role of SCM in companies, but few researches has been done the investment of IT in SCM and what extend it for to provide advantage in automotive companies. This study attempts to identify and determine of relations of components of information technology in supply chain management.Thus, the components identified according to review of literature with library study and by means of experts questionnaire was conducted toward validity, reliability, and selection of components. Eventually, seven components were selected for information technology in supply chain management. The Fuzzy DEMATEL method was applied to determine the interrelationships amongst all components. The results showed thatwere identified the component of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) as the most important component, and the other hand, Advanced Planning Systems (APS) as the most effectivecomponent.
Effects of Idol Immersion on the Water Quality Parameters of Indian Water Bodies: Environmental Health Perspectives
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayan , Bera Arpita , Dutta Abhishek , Ghosh Uday Chand
Published: December 2022

India is a rich cultural country in which diverse cultural and religious festivals are organized. Idol is an image of a god which is used as an object of worship. After worshipped, these idols are immersed into water bodies. Idols are constructed by plaster of paris, clay, cloths, small iron rods, bamboo and decorated with different paints such as varnish, water colors etc. which can lead to significant alteration in the water quality after immersion. Paints which are used to colour these idols contains various heavy metals such as Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic, Zinc, Chromium and Lead. Particularly, red, blue, orange and green colours contain mercury, zinc oxide, chromium and lead, which are potent carcinogens. Two heavy metals such as Lead and Chromium also add in the water bodies through Sindoor (a traditional red colored cosmetic powder, usually worn by married women and often used in the festivals). The floating materials released through idol in the river and lake after decomposition result in eutrophication, increase in acidity and heavy metal concentration. Heavy metal pollution caused by idol immersion can damage the ecosystem as it kills fishes, damages plants, blocks the natural flow of the water, causing stagnation. The effects of idol immersion on various water bodies of India like Bhoj wetland, Budhabalanga river, Ganges river, Hussainsagar lake, Kolar river, Sarayu river, Tapi river, Chhatri lake, north and west lakes of Bangalore and Yamuna river have been observed so far. Investigations were carried out to find out the effects of immersion of idols on water quality by collecting and analyzing the water samples from the immersion sites of the rivers. The samplings were done before the immersion, on the day of immersion and after the event and several parameters like Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, Dissolved CO2, Conductivity, Salinity, Alkalinity, TDS, Total Hardness, Chlorides etc. are estimated. Most of the studies found significant changes in the water quality parameters during and after immersions. Central Pollution Control Board has formulated guidelines on the practice of idol immersion in water bodies, which should be followed for controlling pollution
Synthesis and Biologically Important of 2-Mercaptobenthiazole (MBT)-Clubbed Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Bhabhor Falguni , Satish K. , Variya Hiren , Panchal Vikram
Published: December 2022

In this present work base catalyzed method used for formation of Chalcone of (E)-4-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acryloyl)-5-methyl-2(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (II) reacted with derivatives of S-benzo [d] thiol-2yl-2-chloroethanethioate (Ia-f) resulted in formation of corresponding derivatives of (E)-S-benzo [d] thiazol-2-yl 2-(4-(3-(5-methyl-3oxo-2(p-tolyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl) phenoxy) etanethioate (IIIa-f) was confirmed by spectral characterization such as IR, 1H NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis. The compounds were screened for their antimicrobial properties against a broad panel Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by CVD over Fe Catalyst Prepared in Spin Coating on SiO2/p-Si(100)
Authors: Abd Ahmed N.
Published: December 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been grown by the decomposition of C2H2 over thin catalyst film in order to investigate the growth mechanism of CNTs by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The catalyst was prepared from an iron chloride FeCl3 precursor solution that was spin –coated on SiO2 substrate. The growth mechanism and the length and the diameter of the CNTs were greatly influenced by the precursor concentration, the time deposition and the temperature and the ratio of C2H2:N2 are fixed. Transmittance electron microscopy and Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction have been carried out in order to investigate the behavior of the growth process. The iron chloride film contact with the C2H2:N2 reaction atmosphere.
Water Quality of the Surfaces Waters of the Strazym Lake
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr
Published: December 2022

To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of Strażym Lake, in time of 2008. In arbitrary appointed times 19 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition (temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen and saturation by O2, solid residue, residue after ignition), trophy (concentrations of NO3ˉ, NO2ˉ, NH4+, PO43–dissolved., Ptot.), and mineralization (specyfic electrolytic conductivity, total hardness and separately concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Clˉ, SO42–, total concentrations of Fe and Mn).
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Combustion in Hydrogen-Fueled Catalytic Microreactors
Authors: Chen Jun Jie , Liu Bao Fang
Published: December 2022

The hetero-/homogeneous combustion and interaction of hydrogen-fueled catalytic microreactors were investigated numerically. A two-dimensional CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model was developed, using elementary homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reaction schemes, surface radiation heat transfer, heat conduction in the solid wall, and external heat losses. Computations were carried out to study the effects of the wall thermal conductivity, equivalence ratio, microreactor dimension, and inlet velocity on combustion characteristics, flame stability, and hetero-/homogeneous interaction. Despite the micro-scale, large transverse gradients in species mass fractions and temperature exist in the fluid and large axial gradients in temperature may exist in the walls. Wall thermal conductivity is crucial in determining the flame stability, as the walls transfer heat upstream for ignition of the cold incoming reactants but at the same time are responsible for heat losses. Combustible mixtures with compositions away from the stoichiometric point decrease the homogeneous chemistry contribution and the operating temperature. The microreactor dimension and inlet velocity have a strong effect on homogeneous flame stability. Smaller microreactors result in extinction because of the inhibition of homogeneous combustion induced by heterogeneous reaction; larger microreactors result in blowout due to the reduction of the heterogeneous contribution. Hetero-/homogeneous interaction maps were constructed in terms of microreactor dimension and inlet velocity.
A Classical Approach of Unified Field
Authors: Das Mukul Chandra , Misra Rampada
Published: December 2022

Photons contribute electromagnetic field that accompanies the gravitational field. These two fields may be, mutually, transformed through a kind of transformation matrix dependent upon the boundary conditions of the system. In this work trial would be made to find the nature of this transformation matrix considering a super system of photon in which both fields are unified.The unification of electromagnetic and gravitational fields leads to the concept of fundamental charge.
Theoretical Evaluation of Internal Pressure in Ternary and Sub-Binary Liquid Mixtures at Various Temperatures
Authors: Madhumitha J. , Santhi N. , Alamelumangai G. , Emayavaramban M.
Published: December 2022

The Internal pressures of Ternary and their Sub-Binary liquid mixtures of benzene(1) + hexane(2) + sec-butyl alcohol(3) were calculated using density, velocity and molar refraction from the temperature range of 303.15K-318.15K. For the Binary liquid mixtures, the Experimental Internal pressure values were correlated through an equation proposed by Andiappan et.al. For the Ternary liquid mixture, the Experimental Internal pressure values were correlated through an equation proposed by us. The Experimental values and the Theoretical values are in close agreement with each other
Nonlinear Behavior of the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Sources at Faculty of Applied Sciences, MARA University of Technology
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M.
Published: December 2022

In this article, we describe and compare several sources of the nonlinear of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) based on classification methods. It is very important to characterize and understand the nature of interference in as much of the candidate spectrum as possible. Preliminary analysis has been done in 2011. As data sizes of observations grow with new and improved solar monitoring system, the need for completely automated, robust methods for RFI mitigation is highlighted. The current status of RFI noise level is being compared at two different sites (i) indoor and (ii) outdoor. The main objective is to evaluate and find the best range of low frequency in MHz for the solar monitoring purpose. Our findings are consistent with those of previous studies. There is not much different in terms of the sources of RFI. However, the level of RFI is become increase. Based on the results, it was found that the distribution of RFI sources in indoor site is in the range from -(80-105) dBm. A strong and moderate RFI can be identified in the range of -100 dBm. The dominant sources in this region are due to the fixed mobile signal with 10 points of this signal from 1-2000 MHz. If we compare with outdoor site, the distribution of RFI sources in indoor site is in the range from -(75-105) dBm. It means that the signal of noise is larger compared with indoor site. While new sources strive to remain the increasing of RFI signal levels, numerous factors interact to influence the pattern of this noise. Reporting to the authoritative body should be made to make sure the allocation of the solar monitoring frequency region was not used by other applications. This work is a current scenario of the nonlinear RFI level at our site.
Elastic Energy in Inas Quantum Dot-in-a-Well Structures
Authors: Velázquez-Lozada Erick , Camacho-González G.M. , Quino-Cerdan J.
Published: December 2022

The photoluminescence (PL), its temperature dependence and X ray diffraction (XRD) have been studied in the symmetric In0.15Ga1-0.15As/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) with embedded InAs quantum dots (QDs), obtained with the variation of QD growth temperatures (470-535°C). The increase of QD growth temperatures is accompanied by the enlargement of QD lateral sizes (from 12 up to 28 nm) and by the shift non monotonically of PL peak positions. The fitting procedure has been applied on the base of Varshni analysis to the temperature dependences of PL peaks. The obtained Varshni parameters testify that in studied QD structures the process of In/Ga interdiffusion between QDs and capping/buffer layers takes place partially. However, this process cannot explain the difference in PL peak positions. The XRD study has revealed the high intensity peaks at 2Θ= 31.6-31.8o (Kα1, Kα2) that correspond to the X ray diffraction of the Kα1 and Kα2 lines of Cu source from the (200) crystal planes of cubic GaAs. It was shown that the XRD peak is the superposition of the diffraction from the GaAs substrate and GaAs layers of quantum wells. The position of diffraction peaks related to the cubic GaAs substrate coincides with the very well know XRD data for the bulk GaAs. It means that the elastic strain in the GaAs substrate has been relaxed. At the same time the peak positions of the (200) diffraction peaks in GaAs epitaxial layers shift to the high angles in comparison with the bulk GaAs, testifying the compression strain in GaAs epitaxial layers. The minimum of elastic strain is detected in the structure with QD grown at 510°C that manifests itself by the higher QD PL intensity and lower the PL peak energy.