bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Dense Star Clusters in the Milky Way and Beyond with the CMC Cluster Catalog
Authors: Kremer Kyle , Ye Claire S. , Rui Nicholas Z. , Weatherford Newlin C. , Chatterjee Sourav , Fragione Giacomo , Rodriguez Carl L. , Spera Mario , Rasio Frederic A.
Published: March 2020

We present a set of 148 independent N-body simulations of globular clusters (GCs) computed using the code CMC (Cluster Monte Carlo). At an age of ∼10–13 Gyr, the resulting models cover nearly the full range of cluster properties exhibited by the Milky Way GCs, including total mass, core and half-light radii, metallicity, and galactocentric distance. We use our models to investigate the role that stellar-mass black holes play in the process of core collapse. Furthermore, we study how dynamical interactions affect the formation and evolution of several important types of sources in GCs, including low-mass X-ray binaries, millisecond pulsars, blue stragglers, cataclysmic variables, Type Ia supernovae, calcium-rich transients, and merging compact binaries. While our focus here is on old, low-metallicity GCs, our CMC simulations follow the evolution of clusters over a Hubble time, and they include a wide range of metallicities (up to solar), so that our results can also be used to study younger and higher-metallicity star clusters. Finally, the output from these simulations is available for download at https://cmc.ciera.northwestern.edu/home/.
The Rapid Imaging Planetary Spectrograph: Observations of Mercury’s Sodium Exosphere in Twilight
Authors: Schmidt Carl A. , Baumgardner Jeffrey , Moore Luke , Bida Thomas A. , Swindle Ryan , Lierle Patrick
Published: March 2020

Ground-based observations of Mercury’s exosphere are intrinsically difficult due to its proximity to the Sun and must be made in daylight or during brief windows at twilight. While the dimmer twilight background is far preferred, high airmass seeing and haze through Earth’s atmosphere, windshake, and guiding all present formidable challenges toward spatially resolving the exosphere’s structure. This study explores how such effects can be mitigated using results from a new instrument for high cadence spectroscopy, the Rapid Imaging Planetary Spectrograph. While high cadence observations do not significantly improve upon the resolution floor imposed by atmospheric seeing, the method does mitigate obstacles such as telescope tracking inaccuracy, windshake, and flux calibration. Whereas daytime observing has been the predominant methodology in past exosphere studies, the twilight observations performed here easily resolve distinct brightness enhancements near 50°–60° latitude, just equatorward of magnetic cusp regions. The exosphere in these locations is diagnostic of space weather effects such as charged particle precipitation. The structure in the sodium exosphere generally appears both more extended and brighter over the southern cusp, which has a broader open magnetic field line region. However, a northern enhancement during one observation confirms that the exosphere responds dynamically to environmental drivers, presumably changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and/or interplanetary magnetic field.
The Solar Wind Prevents Reaccretion of Debris after Mercury’s Giant Impact
Authors: Spalding Christopher , Adams Fred C.
Published: March 2020

The planet Mercury possesses an anomalously large iron core, and a correspondingly high bulk density. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in order to explain such a large iron content. A long-standing idea holds that Mercury once possessed a larger silicate mantle that was removed by a giant impact early in the the solar system’s history. A central problem with this idea has been that material ejected from Mercury is typically reaccreted onto the planet after a short (∼Myr) timescale. Here, we show that the primordial solar wind would have provided sufficient drag upon ejected debris to remove them from Mercury-crossing trajectories before reimpacting the planet’s surface. Specifically, the young Sun likely possessed a stronger wind, fast rotation, and strong magnetic field. Depending upon the time of the giant impact, the ram pressure associated with this wind would push particles outward into the solar system, or inward toward the Sun, on sub-Myr timescales, depending upon the size of ejected debris. Accordingly, the giant impact hypothesis remains a viable pathway toward the removal of planetary mantles, both on Mercury and extrasolar planets, particularly those close to young stars with strong winds.
ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE OF THE FOOT AND ANKLE: PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION
Authors: Botte Michael J , Santi Mark D , Prestianni Cheryl A , Abrams Reid A
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

A variety of clinical presentations can be encountered following compartment syndrome of the leg and foot Deformity and functional impairment in the foot and ankle secondary to ischemia are determined by: 1) which leg compartments have been affected and to what degree extrinsic flexor or extensor "overpuU" is exhibited, 2) degree of nerve injury sustained causing weakness or paralysis of extrinsic or intrinsic foot and ankle muscles, 3) which foot compartments have been affected and to what degree intrinsic "overpull" is exhibited, and 4) degree of sensory nerve injury leading to anesthesia, hypoesthesia, or hyperesthesia of the foot Nonoperative therapy attempts to obtain or preserve joint mobility, increase strength, and provide corrective bracing and accommodative foot wear. Operative management is undertaken for treatment of residual nerve compression or refractory problematic deformities. Established surgical protocols are performed in a stepwise fashion, and include: 1) release of residual or secondary nerve compression; 2) release of fixed contractures, using infarct excision, myotendinous lengthening, muscle recession, or tenotomy; 3) tendon transfers or arthrodesis to increase function; and 4) osteotomy or amputation for severe, non-salvageable deformities.
Comparison of a New, Filter-Free Stereopsis Test (BEST) With the Randot Stereotest in a Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Lagstein Oded , Hecht Idan , Anteby Irene
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the Bernell Evaluation of Stereopsis Test (BEST) (Bernell Corporation, Mishawaka, IN), a new lenticular technology and filter-free test to measure stereopsis in children, and compare it to the Randot Stereotest (Randot) (Stereo Optical, Inc., Chicago, IL).

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of the medical records of children examined at the Center for Pediatric Ophthalmology at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center from July to November 2018. All children were evaluated with the Randot and BEST in a random order.

Results:

The study included 100 children (53% female, 64% orthophoric) with a mean age of 8.52 ± 3.18 years (range: 3.3 to 17.8 years) and mean best corrected visual acuity of 0.178 ± 0.16 logMAR (range: 0 to 0.7 logMAR). The mean BEST stereoacuity was 1.772 ± 0.27 log seconds of arc (arcsec), whereas the mean Randot stereo-acuity was 1.778 ± 0.39 log arcsec (
P
= .835). The Bland– Altman analysis revealed an overall bias of 0.0073 log arcsec (95% confidence interval: 0.04219 to 0.05679 log arcsec), with limits of agreement of −0.4816 to 0.4962 log arcsec (0.3299 to 3.1347 arcsec). A significant proportional bias was noted because the difference between the tests was significantly larger in higher log arcsec values (
t
= 5.566,
P
< .001). Age, gender, strabismus, and visual acuity did not affect the differences between the stereoacuity tests (
P
> .05). Both tests were influenced by strabismus but not monocular amblyopia.

Conclusions:

BEST stereoacuity measurements were comparable to those of the Randot, with no significant difference in crude values, minimal bias, and narrow limits of agreement. A larger, clinically insignificant variability between tests was noted with lower stereoacuity values, because children achieved better scores with the BEST. The BEST may be a valuable tool in the arsenal of the ophthalmologist.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(2):129–135.]
Influence of Tinning Material on Interfacial Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al12Sn4Si1Cu /Carbon Steel Bimetallic Castings for Bearing Applications
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed , Ayadi B. , Rajhi W. , Alghamdi A.S.
Published: March 2020

Fluxing and tinning processes are usually used to improve the adhesion of the Al bearing layer on steel substrate. Commonly after grinding the surface of the steel substrate, it is briefly immersed in flux solution followed by coating steel surface with either pure Sn (in a process known as tinning process) to promote adhesion between the bearing alloys and the steel. The current work is designated to investigate the influence of tinning material for carbon steel substrate using simultaneous fluxing and tinning mixture technique. The influence of three different tinning materials on the interface structure and shear strength of cast Al-Sn bearing alloy/steel bimetal composite is evaluated for compound casting technique. Sn pure, Sn-3Cu alloy and Sn-7.5Sb-3Cu powder alloys mixed individually with flux are used as tinning materials. It was found that using of different tinning materials have a significant effect on the bonding of interface area and the shear strength of interface as well. The shear strength of the bimetal fabricated using tinning mixture contains Sn+3% Cu with flux significantly increases by 59% compared to that fabricated using tinning mixture contains pure Sn. This increment is mainly due to the improvements of the interface bond structure and lower percentage of tin oxides. Such kind of phenomena can be explained in the fact that Cu minimizes the possibility of Sn oxidation during tinning process and during preheating of tinned steel substrate before casting of Al12Sn4Si1Cu bearing alloy as well.
Microscopic and Metallurgical Studies as a Function on Forensic Investigation of Electrical Fires
Authors: Khafagy Sameh M. , Guda Khalid , Barakat Y.F.
Published: March 2020

Electrical wires with melted ends showing beaded, drop-shaped, and pointed shapes are frequently encountered after fires that may provide useful information on the cause and development of the fire.Various methods have been studied for differentiating between primary arcing beads, (indicating arcing as the fire cause) and secondary arcing beads (indicating arcing as a result of the fire). There are few studies carried out on the melting globules produced due to fire heat. Also, in some major cases, primary arcing beads and secondary arcing beads are difficult to be identified by using one method. In this study, a full scheme of differentiating methods between simulated samples of melting globules, primary arcing beads and secondary arcing beads are processed with macroscopic investigation. The in-depth composition of carbon quantitative analysis and metallurgical analysis of these samples have been studied. The results of this study has proved that the real cases are compatible with simulated ones.
Development of Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI)
Authors: Aly Hayam A. , Nofal Adel , Hussein Abdel Hamid A. , El-Banna Elsayed M.
Published: March 2020

This study aimed at optimizing impact toughness and high wear resistant carbidic austempered ductile iron (CADI) by controlling the morphology, size and quantity of carbides. The effects of dynamic solidification, niobium addition, combined action of them and heat treatment have been investigated. Investigations were performed by means of the image analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction. Impact toughness, hardness and abrasion wear resistance tests were conducted. Fracture surfaces were studied. Results indicated that microstructural control during solidification is the most valuable tool to attain the optimum combination between impact toughness and wear resistance in CADI. Combined action of Nb addition and dynamic solidification improves impact toughness, hardness and wear resistance even more than the action of each individual factor. In the as-cast condition, impact toughness, hardness and abrasion resistance were improved after dynamic solidification compared to statically solidify one by 31.2%, 18.75% and 87.96% respectively. This enhancement was increased to 36.9%, 25.93% and 128. % by adding 1% Nb. Lower tempering temperature of 275°C exhibit best hardness and abrasion resistance better than higher tempering temperature of 375°C.
Mechanical Properties of Thin Wall Ductile Iron: Experimental Correlation Using ANOVA and DOE
Authors: Elbanna Noha , Nofal Adel , Hussein Abdelhamid , Tash Mahmoud
Published: March 2020

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different metallurgical parameters such as casting techniques, wall thickness, inoculant technique, carbon equivalent, nodule count, ferrite and pearlite percent on the mechanical properties of thin wall ductile iron castings (TWDI). Understanding of the effect of chemistry, casting techniques, melting and molten treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructural features of TWDI castings would help in selecting conditions required to achieve optimum mechanical properties and alloy high strength to weight ratio. The use of the design of experiment (DOE) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be a useful methodology to reach this objective. The analysis of the effects of each variable and their interaction on the mechanical properties of TWDI castings using green sand, green sand with insulation and investment casting techniques plays a key role in improved materials performance.The results indicate that nodule count, pearlite content and the interaction between carbon equivalent, nodule count and pearlite content have a significant effect on the tensile strength of TWDI castings. The impact toughness values decrease with smaller section thickness and increased nodule count. Using investment casting technique, decreasing the pearlite percent and nodule count, and increasing the wall thickness and ferrite percent reduce the values of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. The results of percent elongation and impact toughness show a reverse trend compared with those of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength in terms with different metallurgical parameters.
The Cyclic Extrusion Behavior of Severe Plastic Deformation (CEC) of Aluminum Alloy 6061
Authors: El Raouf Gehan A. Abd , El Mahallawy N. , Shoukry M.K.
Published: March 2020

Cyclic extrusion compression (CEC) is one of the well-known techniques in metal forming processes under the severe plastic deformation process (SPD) in which an ultra-large plastic strain is imposed on a bulk material in order to make ultra-fine grained (UFG) metals, alloys and composites. In this work, the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy (6061) before and after CEC process were examined. A special CEC die was design and fabricated for the present work which achieved an effective plastic strain of about 0.62 after each separate cycle of CEC. The microstructure was effectively refined with increasing the number of CEC cycles as the grain size was reduced from ≈250μm to ≈30 μm after 6 cycles of CEC. The mechanical properties were tremendously increased in comparison with those of as cast and annealed condition. The micro-hardness increased from 25 Hv to 56 Hv, while the yield and the ultimate tensile strengths increased from 60 MPa to 198 MPa and 85 MPa to 204 MPa respectively, the ductility increased from 2.97% to 4.6% with the number of CEC cycles increasing up to six cycles.
Effect of Inorganic Doping on the Thermoelectric Behavior of Polyaniline Nanocomposites
Authors: Ali Mariamu K. , Moneim Ahmed Abd
Published: March 2020

Polyaniline (PANI) has been considered for thermoelectric (T.E) applications due to its facile preparation methods, easy doping-dedoping processes and its environmental stability. Like other conducting polymers (CPs), it has low thermal conductivity (usually below 1 Wm-1K-1) which is favorable for T.E applications, however studies have shown that it still suffers from low power factors as a result of low electrical conductivity. For this reason, PANI has been compounded with other materials such as polymers, inorganic nanoparticles and carbon nanoparticles to enhance its electrical conductivity, power factors (PF) and ultimately zT value.This work is focused on the synthesis and characterization of n-type polyaniline nanocomposites doped with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The rGO was prepared through oxidation of graphite and subsequent reduction and incorporated into polyaniline through in situ polymerization and the resulting nanocomposites were characterized. Addition of rGO resulted in enhancement of the electrical conductivity of polyaniline from 10-3 S/cm to 10-1 S/cm which is two orders of magnitude higher. This contributed to the enhanced PF, an indication that thermoelectric behavior of conducting polymers can be boosted through compounding with inorganic materials.
Beneficiation and Separation of Egyptian Tantalite Ore
Authors: Hassan El-Sayed R.E. , Mutelet Fabrice , Abdel-Khalek Nagui A. , Youssef Mohamed A. , Abdallah Mahmoud M. , El-Menshawy Ahmed H.
Published: March 2020

The demand for tantalum and niobium has increased steadily due to their importance in the production of modern industrial materials and high tech consumer products such as super alloys and cell phones. This work aims at recovery of tantalum and niobium from Abu Dabbab deposits at the Eastern Desert of Egypt. The beneficiation was successfully performed using shaking table concentrator and carpco magnetic separator. The enrichment ratio reached up to 160-times for both Ta2O5 and Nb2O5. Aliquat 336 ionic liquid was used for separating Ta2O5 with purity of 90%. Amberlite anion exchanger was used for separating Nb2O5 with purity of 87%.
Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of Different Grades of Cast Iron Insodium Chloride Solutions
Authors: Nofal Adel , Ahmed Amal S.I. , Ghanem Wafaa A. , Hussein W.A. , Mohamed Nanis K.
Published: March 2020

In this work, the corrosion behavior of different grades of cast iron in 3.5% and 5% of NaClsolution was evaluated. The samples used in this work are; Grey cast iron (GI), ductile cast iron(DI), austempered ductile cast iron (ADI), intercritically austempered cast iron (IADI) and Ni-Resist cast iron. The study was carried out using the Open- Circuit technique (OPC),Potentiodynamic polarization (PP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)measurements and complemented by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energydispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The results obtained showed that the austempering heattreatment and nickel addition improves the corrosion resistance of cast iron. The order ofcorrosion resistance in NaCl solution is as follows: Ni-Resist > ADI > IADI > DI > GI.
Optimization and Characterization of Aluminum Induced Texture Using Radio Frequency Power
Authors: Elsorogy Hazim E. , Soliman Ahmed G. , Elshahidy Mai M. , Abdelhakeem Amr E. , Elmahdy Nour M.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study aims to investigate the surface morphology and roughness of Aluminum induced glass texturing (AIT) substrate after different surface treatments. Aluminum layers were deposited in thickness 370 nm and 240 nm on corning glass sheet using Radio Frequency (RF) power. The effect of different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF), 4%, 5% and 6% on morphology, optical absorption and surface roughness of glass was described. The dipping time of coated glass sheet in HF for 2 min and 5 min created very rough and soft surface, respectively. Optical absorption of AIT substrate after dipping in HF was measured. The optimum texturing process achieved by deposition of aluminum layer 240 nm of thickness and dipping the substrate in 5% HF. The AIT substrate was characterized by low angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-VIS), stylus profiler and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Effect of Nano ZrO2 Additions on the Mechanical Properties of Ti-12Mo Composite by Powder Metallurgy Route
Authors: El-Tantawy Ahmed , El Kady Omayma A. , Yehia Hossam M. , Ghayad Ibrahim M.
Published: March 2020

Ti-12Mo/ZrO2 nanocomposites are fabricated using the powder metallurgy technique for the potential of aerospace applications. Titanium-12 wt. % molybdenum metal matrix composite containing various percentages of ZrO2 (5, 10, and 15 wt. %) are prepared. The phase composition and microstructure of Ti-12Mo/ZrO2 powder, as well as the consolidated composites), are investigated by both X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) respectively. All the consolidated composites are characterized by measuring the density, Vickers hardness, and wear rate. XRD refers to no new phase are formed between Ti, Mo, and ZrO2 during the sintering process. Also, a good microstructure is achieved. Results indicated that the density of the sintered composites is increased with increasing ZrO2 percent up to 5 wt. %. On the other hand, the highest hardness and highest wear resistance are achieved for 5 wt. % ZrO2 sample. The present work demonstrated that Ti-12Mo/ZrO2 composites have a high potential for aerospace applications.
Influence of Chromium Content and Prior Deformation on the Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram of Low-Carbon Bainitic Steels
Authors: Ali Mohammed , Kaijalainen Antti J. , Hannula Jaakko , Porter David , Kömi Jukka I.
Published: March 2020

The effect of chromium content and prior hot deformation of the austenite on the continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of a newly developed low-carbon bainitic steel has been studied using dilatometer measurements conducted on a Gleeble 3800 simulator with cooling rates ranging from 2-80 °C/s. After austenitization at 1100 °C, specimens were either cooled without strain or given 0.6 strain at 880 °C prior to dilatometer measurements. The resultant microstructures have been studied using laser scanning confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and macrohardness measurements. CCT and deformation continuous cooling transformation (DCCT) diagrams were constructed based on the dilatation curves, final microstructures and hardness values. Depending on the cooling rate, the microstructures of the investigated steels after cooling from the austenite region consist of one or more of the following microstructural components: lath-like upper bainite, i.e. bainitic ferrite (BF), granular bainite (GB), polygonal ferrite (PF) and pearlite (P). The proportion of BF to GB as well as the hardness of the transformation products decreased with decreasing cooling rate. The cooling rate at which PF starts to appear depends on the steel composition. With both undeformed and deformed austenite, increasing the chromium content led to higher hardenability and refinement of the microstructure, promoting the formation of BF and shifting the ferrite start curve to lower cooling rates. Prior hot deformation shifted the transformation curves to shorter times and higher temperatures and led to a reduction in hardness at the low cooling rates through the promotion of ferrite formation.
IRF8 Regulates Gram-Negative Bacteria–Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Cell Death
Authors: Karki Rajendra , Lee Ein , Sharma Bhesh R. , Banoth Balaji , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
Published: March 2020

Inflammasomes are intracellular signaling complexes that are assembled in response to a variety of pathogenic or physiologic stimuli to initiate inflammatory responses. Ubiquitously present LPS in Gram-negative bacteria induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation that requires caspase-11. We have recently demonstrated that IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 8 was dispensable for caspase-11–mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation during LPS transfection; however, its role in Gram-negative bacteria–mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains unknown. In this study, we found that IRF8 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) infected with Gram-negative bacteria such as Citrobacter rodentium, Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant strain ΔpopB. Moreover, BMDMs deficient in IRF8 showed substantially reduced caspase-11 activation and gasdermin D cleavage, which are required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, IRF8-mediated phosphorylation of IRF3 was required for Ifnb transcription, which in turn triggered the caspase-11–dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the infected BMDMs. Overall, our findings suggest that IRF8 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation during infection with Gram-negative bacteria.
Optimization and Immobilization of alpha-amylase from Bacillus subtilis in calcium alginate and calcium alginate – cellulosic residue beads
Authors: Herizi Abdallah , Rachid Souilah , Djaffar Djabali , Boubekeur Nadjemi
Published: March 2020

In this study, Alpha amylase from Bacillus subtilis was immobilized by entrapment in Calcium Alginate beads (CA). To improve the properties of these beads, alginate was blended with Cellulosic Residue (CR) obtained from sorghumstarch extraction. The conditions of entrapment were optimized for a maximum immobilization yield (Y%) by mathematical statistics, where the 23-full factorial design of experiments was used. The properties of calcium alginate beads were improved by comparing the activity of immobilized enzymes in the hydrolysis of starch. The activity of the immobilized enzyme by Calcium Alginate /Cellulosic Residue (CA/CR) was found to be higher than the Calcium Alginate method. Zn2+ and Cu2+ have inhibitory effects on both immobilized enzymes. The Bacillus subtilis immobilized in alginate can be reused for 7 cycles with 12.7 μmol of reduced sugars and 6 cycles for the entrapped enzyme in CA/CR with 30 μmol of reduced sugars.
Cloud-based Secure TeleMedicine Information System using Crypto-Biometric Techniques
Authors: Mahto Dindayal , Kumar Yadav Dilip
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION: TeleMedicine Information System (TMIS) uses information and communication technology (ICT) for providing remote medical consultations. Taking the benefits of ICT, a sick person may distantly get regular telecare medical consultations with his/her remote medico. The backbone of ICT is the Internet, which is open-standard architecture. Due to the openness of the architecture, there are many security vulnerabilities to the TMIS.OBJECTIVES: To provide secured telemedicine consultation between a sick person and a medico and, to maintain the privacy of the sick person information.METHODS: This paper proposes a security enhancement to the TMIS using crypto-biometrics fusion, which consists of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm and iris biometrics. The paper also compares the efficiency of ECC with the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm.RESULTS: The result of the simulation proves that the offered model provides a high level and robust security than RSA based model.CONCLUSION: This paper provides robust user authentication and achieves the data confidentiality of the TMIS, which uses a cloud computing system for its smooth functioning and wider scope.
Implication of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Act on End-of-Life Care for Korean Terminal Patients
Authors: Kim Jung Sun , Yoo Shin Hye , Choi Wonho , Kim Yejin , Hong Jinui , Kim Min Sun , Park Hye Yoon , Keam Bhumsuk , Heo Dae Seog
Published: March 2020

PurposeLife-sustaining treatment (LST) decisions for patients and caregivers at the end-of-life (EOL) process are supported by the “Act on Hospice and Palliative Care and Decisions on LST for Patients at the EOL,” enforced in February 2018. Itremains unclearwhetherthe act changes EOL decisions and LST implementation in clinical practice. For this study, we investigated patients’ decision-making regarding LSTs during the EOL process since the act’s enforcement.Materials and MethodsRetrospective reviews were conducted on adult patients who were able to decide to terminate LST and died at Seoul National University Hospital between February 5, 2018, and February 5, 2019. We examined demographics, who made the decisions, the type and date of documentation confirming patient's LST, and whether the LST was withheld or withdrawn.ResultsOf 809 patients who were enrolled, 29% (n=231) completed forms regarding LST themselves, and 71% (n=578) needed family members to decide. The median time from confirmation of the EOL process to death and from the Advance Statement to death were 2 and 5 days, respectively (both ranges, 0 to 244). In total, 90% (n=727) of patients withheld treatment, and 10% (n=82)withdrewit. We found a higherwithdrawalratewhen family members made the decisions (13.3% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001).ConclusionAfter the act’s enforcement, withdrawing LSTs became lawful and self-determination rates increased. Family members still make 71% of decisions regarding LSTs, but these are often inconsistent with the patients’ wishes; thus, further efforts are needed to integrate the new act into clinical practice.
Условия модулярности решетки конгруэнций полигона над прямоугольной связкой
Authors: Kozhukhov Igor' Borisovich , Pryanichnikov Aleksei Mikhailovich , Simakova Aigul' Rimzilovna
Published: March 2020

В работе описаны полигоны над прямоугольными связками, имеющие модулярную, или дистрибутивную, или линейно упорядоченную решетку конгруэнций. Оказалось, что такие полигоны имеют самое большее 11 элементов, а их решетка конгруэнций - 300 элементов. Кроме того, установлены некоторые факты о строении полигонов с модулярной решеткой конгруэнций над произвольной полугруппой и о строении решетки конгруэнций полигона над прямоугольной связкой. Исследования основываются на полученном в 2000 г. А. Ю. Авдеевым и И. Б. Кожуховым описании полигонов над вполне (0-)простой полугруппой и характеризации в 2013 г. Д. О. Птаховым и А. А. Степановой несвязных полигонов с модулярной или дистрибутивной решеткой конгруэнций.
Библиография: 13 наименований.
Об $S$-единицах для нормирований второй степени в гиперэллиптических полях
Authors: Fedorov Gleb Vladimirovich
Published: March 2020

В данной статье предложен новый эффективный подход к проблеме поиска и построения нетривиальных $S$-единиц гиперэллиптического поля $L$ для множества $S=S_h$, состоящего из двух сопряженных нормирований второй степени. Полученные результаты основаны на глубокой связи между проблемой кручения в якобианах гиперэллиптических кривых и квазипериодичностью непрерывных $h$-дробей - обобщенных функциональных непрерывных дробей специального вида, построенных по нормированию второй степени. Найдены алгоритмы для поиска фундаментальных $S_h$-единиц, сравнимые по эффективности с известными быстрыми алгоритмами для двух линейных нормирований.
Библиография: 24 наименования.
El animador como artista, el artista como animador. Una recapitulación
Authors: Cholodenko Alan
Published: March 2020

Alan Cholodenko (Nueva Jersey, 1940) no solo es uno de los teóricos más importantes de la animación, sino que ha hecho de la animación una forma de entender la vida. No hay arte sin ánima, sin deseo de insuflar vida; ni hay animación que no sea, en el fondo, ‘lifedeath’, vida/muerte, (re)animación. Con un pensamiento de corte postestructuralista, seguidor de sus mentores Jean Baudrillard y Jacques Derrida, Alan Cholodenko ha construido una sólida filosofía de la animación cuyo centro es el ‘aparato animático’ (‘the animatic apparatus’), un término esencial para comprender la revolución que  implica las tecnologías de la imagen que vertebran la ciencia, la cultura y la sociedad actuales. En “El animador como artista, el artista como animador”, un artículo tan personal como penetrante, se expone el eje fundamental de su pensamiento en torno al dibujo como gesto seductor y deconstructivo.
Melting relations of anhydrous olivine-free pyroxenite Px1 at 2 GPa
Authors: Borghini Giulio , Fumagalli Patrizia
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The reaction between melt derived by mafic heterogeneities and peridotites
in an upwelling mantle may form hybrid olivine-free pyroxenites. In order to
evaluate the impact of these lithologies on the chemistry of primitive
magmas and their ability to give rise to new mantle heterogeneities, we
experimentally investigate the melting relations at 2 GPa of the model
olivine-free pyroxenite Px1 (XMg=0.81, SiO2=52.9 wt %,
Al2O3 = 11.3 wt %, CaO = 7.6 wt %). The subsolidus
assemblage consists of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and garnet. At 2 GPa,
the solidus of Px1 is located between 1250 and 1280 ∘C, at a
temperature about 70 ∘C lower than the solidus of
fertile lherzolite. At increasing melt fraction, the sequence of mineral
phase disappearance is garnet–clinopyroxene–orthopyroxene. Across the
solidus, partial melting of Px1 is controlled by reaction garnet +
clinopyroxene = liquid + orthopyroxene, and above 1300 ∘C,
once garnet is completely consumed, by reaction clinopyroxene +
orthopyroxene = liquid. Orthopyroxene is the liquidus phase, and at
1480 ∘C olivine-free pyroxenite Px1 is completely molten
indicating a melting interval of about 200 ∘C. Isobaric melt
productivity is similar to garnet clinopyroxenites, and it is more than 3
times that of a fertile lherzolite at 1400 ∘C. Px1 partial melts
cover a wide range of XMg (0.57–0.84), with SiO2, Al2O3
and Na2O decreasing and Cr2O3 increasing with the degree of
melting. CaO content in partial melts increases as long as clinopyroxene is
involved in melting reactions and decreases after its exhaustion. At 2 GPa and for melting degrees higher than 10 %, Px1 produces MgO-rich basaltic
andesites matching the composition of eclogitic melts in terms of silica and
alkali contents but with significantly higher XMg values. These melts
differ from those derived from lherzolites at 2 GPa by higher SiO2 and
lower CaO contents. Their high silica activity makes them very reactive with
mantle peridotite producing hybrid orthopyroxene-rich lithologies and
residual websterites. Melt–rock reactions likely prevent direct extraction
of melts produced by olivine-free pyroxenites.
Decolonizing Development Studies: Pedagogic Reflections
Authors: Cornwall Andrea
Published: March 2020

Even more than the discipine that was so famously labelled the 'handmaiden of colonialism' (Asad, 1973), Development Studies has been associated in critique with the perpetuation of colonial and neocolonial thinking and practice. What would it take to decolonise the teaching of Development Studies? Is it even possible? This article takes an experiential look at an experimental interactive workshop-style first year undergraduate introductory international development module. The module started off from the place I was at, as a professor who had newly come to higher education from a career on the margins of the development industry. I brought with me experience and knowledge, but also deep cyncism and negativity. I established the module as a mode of dialogue with my students, who wrote regular blogs instead of essays. Over the years, as I engaged with their work and worldview, my own shifted. I came to reframe development, and with this, to shift my own attempts to decolonise my teaching. I explore this journey, reflecting on where it took me and on some of the lessons I learnt from this experience.
Explaining Economic Inequality Using the Film, The Queen of Versailles
Authors: Booker Teresa A.
Published: March 2020

In introductory classes on race and ethnicity, terms like wealth, economic inequality, and SES (socio-economic status) often take center stage during one chapter or another.  There are numerous text books on this subject.  But, I've had more success explaining these terms by using different media.  To illustrate such important themes to non-economics majors, I often show and discuss The Queen of Versailles, a 2012 documentary that depicts the Siegel family’s 2-year meteoric decent from wealth (being worth billions of dollars) to rags (being worth “only” tens of millions of dollars).
Political Discourse in a Visual Art Classroom
Authors: Hamilton Clifton W.
Published: March 2020

Teacher and students discuss the use of art as a means of political discourse during the Trump Presidency.
Intersectional Approaches to Teaching about Privileges
Authors: Siliman Shadia , Kearns Katherine
Published: March 2020

The 'privilege walk' is a classroom activity at many colleges and universities deployed to create a visual, embodied, and concreterepresentation of students' earned and unearned social advantages. In this article, we engage in a systematic reflection to interpret the privilege walk through an intersectional lens, and we elaborate on our concerns around the use of the activity. We claim thatthe privilege walk ultimately cultivates a two-dimensional, rather than an intersectional, understanding of privilege and oppression. We then offer alternativeswhich adapt the core concept of the privilege walk activity, adding intersectionality to its structure and learning outcomes in order to challengestudents to recognize their positionalities. We describe our own privilege walk adaptations and we reflect on our observations of the outcomes as well as opportunities for further consideration. Through this reflection, we invite colleagues to a pedagogical and interdisciplinary conversation about their alternatives to the privilege walk.
More than a Slogan: Or, how we built a Social Justice Program that made our campus more Just
Authors: Hengen Fox Nicholas
Published: March 2020

Today on college campuses in the U.S., “social justice” is everywhere—a bright signal of some institutional wokeness in institutions that have not always been good or awake to the needs of many in their communities. In 2014, I joined the trend, as part of a small group of faculty and staff at Portland Community College, that created a concentration of courses called the Social Justice Focus Award and, the next year, built a curriculum for a capstone class called “Social Justice: Theory & Practice” (SJ210). This article shares this experience for faculty considering building such a course, program, or major; maybe you can learn from our successes (and our mistakes).

But in telling this story, I am also tracing the contradictions tied up in the proliferation of “social justice” on college campuses. Even as a marking strategy, for higher ed to claim it’s doing social justice sparks off massive institutional identity conflicts. Higher education’s long-term investment in (scientific) objectivity, neutrality, of teaching students ‘how to think not what to think’ stands in direct contrast to doing the work of justice. So claiming to teach social justice—to grant degrees in it!—begs important questions about the kinds of promises we’re making to our students and our communities, to say nothing of our conception of who we are as institutions.

I’ll argue here that if we teach social justice in the framework dictated by traditional higher ed commitments, we probably do a bad job. But we can make good on the promise of social justice if our courses and programs are (1) centered on a student-led, class-defined, campus-based project that (2) involves collective action. That work must be grounded in a classroom that is (3) explicitly not neutral. In our program, we don’t aim at global justice; we aim at making the changes we can make on campus. And what we’ve learned is that by starting there, our students are actually making the world more just. As our students learn to identify injustice, talk about it with others, and enact strategies for change, they are meeting the course’s learning outcomes while improving life for many on campus, including undocumented students, nonbinary students, and students living without housing. Their work has made “social justice” more than a slogan on our campus.
Generous Thinking: A Radical Approach to Saving the University
Authors: Wills Jocelyn
Published: March 2020

This is Jocelyn Wills's review of Generous Thinking.
Teaching When the World Is on Fire
Authors: Friedman Tanya
Published: March 2020

This book review of Teaching When the World Is on Fire, a collection of essays edited by Lisa Delpit, discusses some of the strengths of the collection, highlights particularly useful chapters and reflects on ways the volume might have better achieved the explicit and implicit goals set forth by the editor.
Acculturation Strategies: The Study of Bi-Dimensional and Uni-Dimensional of Filipino Immigrants in Madrid
Authors: Elhami Ali
Published: March 2020

In recent decades due to a noticeable increase in migration, there has been increasing scholarly attention given to problems immigrants are facing. It seems that the most significant challenges for immigrants are adapting to the new culture and being part of the new society. However, there are numerous factors that not only may affect the type of acculturation strategy immigrants take advantage of, but also boost adaptation or the other way round, stop them or hinder the adaptation and acculturation process. This paper aims to make a better understanding of the demographical features (age, gender, and level of education) with uni-dimensional and bi-dimensional acculturation strategies. The researcher has used an online questioner (Vancouver Index of Acculturation) for 35 participants (Filipino immigrants) in Madrid, Spain. The author hopes that this paper helps migrants especially Filipinos, who envisage emigration and accommodating in a new society with a new language and culture, to make a better decision for migration concerning gender, age, and educational level in the target country.
BENEFÍCIOS DA CINESIOTERAPIA LABORAL PARA SERVIDORES PÚBLICOS DO SETOR JURÍDICO
Authors: Mendes Acácio José Lustosa , Oliveira Bruna Do Rocio , Santos Jenifer Letícia Lourenço , Bayerl Rubia , Pereira Tatiane Hovoruski , Macedo Ana Carolina Brandt de , Szkudlarek Ariani Cavazzani , Gallo Rubneide Barreto Silva , Zoltz Talita Gianello Gnoato , Motter Arlete Ana
Published: March 2020

Introdução: A cinesioterapia laboral diz respeito a exercícios físicos realizados durante a jornada de trabalho, idealizados para compensar os movimentos repetitivos, a escassez de movimentação, ou mesmo compensar as posturas assumidas durante o período de trabalho. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, exploratório e descritivo, desenvolvido entre agosto a novembro de 2018, em Curitiba/PR. Participaram servidores e estagiários da Procuradoria Geral do Estado do Paraná (PGE), que concordaram com a pesquisa assinando o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Foram realizadas 11 intervenções de Cinesioterapia Laboral, uma vez por semana, intercaladas por Orientações Individuais nos Postos de Trabalho. Os participantes foram avaliados e reavaliados com 4 questionários: autoral, Nórdico, Burnout e Inventário de Qualidade de Vida (IQV). Resultados e discussão: Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (89,2%). No questionário de Burnout não houve melhora quanto aos quesitos de Despersonalização e Exaustão Emocional, no questionário Nórdico foi identificado uma melhora nas dores referidas no pescoço e na parte inferior das costas, enquanto no IQV foi identificado que a qualidade de vida era boa no pré e pós intervenção nos quadrantes social, profissional e afetivo, porém foi identificado um grande índice de insucesso no quadrantes de saúde. Conclusão: A Cinesioterapia Laboral proporciona diversos benefícios tanto aos participantes quanto às empresas. As orientações individuais nos postos de trabalho proporcionam aos trabalhadores um meio de realizar suas atividades laborais cotidianas de modo mais confortável, com menos riscos biomecânicos, contribuindo para o bem estar no trabalho.
COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA DA ARBORIZAÇÃO URBANA DE ANALÂNDIA/SP, BRASIL
Authors: Da Silva Gustavo Torres Galvão , Cabello Nicolli Bruna , Barbosa Paulo Henrique Gaem , Belinazi Larissa De Lima , Santana da Silva José Mauro , Capelo Fiorella Fernanda Mazine
Published: March 2020

O bem-estar e o conforto da população em uma cidade são positivamente afetados com a presença de arborização nas vias públicas. Assim, visto que, os estudos sobre arborização urbana são recentes no Brasil e, o município de Analândia apresenta potencial de conservação ambiental, o objetivo desse trabalho foi quantificar a arborização urbana de Analândia (SP) contribuindo para um plano de arborização e melhoria da cidade. Logo, foi realizado um levantamento censitário da arborização urbana em todas as ruas e avenidas do município de Analândia, com o objetivo de conhecer a composição florística, identificar a origem das espécies e detectar possíveis espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Este estudo foi realizado no período de setembro de 2017 a novembro de 2017. Foram amostradas 1.541 árvores distribuídas em 57 espécies pertencentes a 22 famílias. Do total de espécies, quatro estão referidas na Lista Vermelha da IUCN como tendo algum grau de ameaça. A maioria dos indivíduos (52,76%) e das espécies (42,86%) são nativas do Brasil. O índice de Shannon Wiener (H') foi de 3,19, valor alto se comparado a outros municípios do Brasil. Uma grande variedade de espécies foi observada, havendo dominância de poucas espécies na arborização urbana de Analândia.
The Efficiency of Applying the Internal Control Components Based on COSO Framework to Transparently Carry out Tasks and Services, Ensure Integrity and Enhance Quality and Efficiency: Case Study - The Greater Amman Municipality
Authors: Khersiat Ola Muhammad
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to measure the efficiency of employing the internal control components based on COSO framework to transparently carry out tasks and services, ensure integrity and enhance quality and efficiency, so as to contribute to promoting the adoption of internal control components based on the COSO framework, applying them and analyzing their efficiency in performing tasks transparently, ensuring integrity and enhancing quality and efficiency, particularly with the Amman`s Municipality efforts to create a directorate that operates the internal control while ensuring the integrity of the proceedings, carrying out tasks and services transparently and boosting citizen's confidence in the Greater Amman Municipality resolutions. One of the main findings of the study would be in the fact that the independent study variables represented in the internal audit based on the COSO framework has a highly positive impact in performing tasks transparently to ensure integrity, boost quality and efficiency at the Greater Amman Municipality. Results show that the communications systems component was the most highly applicable, followed by the follow-up and control procedures and activities, whereas the control environment came third, followed by risks and response procedures identification and assessment, and finally came the appropriate follow-up component in the fifth place.
Knowledge gaps on HIV/AIDS among a group of nursing students in Sri Lanka
Authors: Nanayakkara Geethika N. , Choi Eun-Ok
Published: March 2020

Objective: Prevalence of HIV is low in Sri Lanka. However, the incidence is rising gradually. Reducing stigmatization and discrimination of people living with HIV is important in health care settings. Nurses who have an important role in caring for HIV patients should have good knowledge to achieve this. The aim of this study was to identify the specific areas of knowledge deficit on HIV/AIDS among 2nd year nursing student in Sri Lanka.Methods: In-depth analysis of the knowledge component of the pretest responses of a study assessing the effectiveness of AIDS education program on nursing students’ AIDS knowledge and AIDS attitudes in Sri Lanka.Results: The results show poor knowledge of HIV and important knowledge gaps in areas of modes of transmission of HIV, mother to child transmission and universal precautions. Very high percentage believed they are at higher risk of contracting HIV due to the nature of their job, while the knowledge on post-exposure prophylaxis was poor.Conclusions: Correction of these knowledge gaps and improving knowledge on HIV/AIDS among nursing students is very important as they are going to be future nurses and they have a very important role in reducing the discrimination and stigmatization of people living with HIV.