bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Devonian bimodal volcanic rocks from the northeastern margin of the North China Block: Implications for post‐collisional extension and orogen‐craton boundary
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Qi , Zhang Shuan‐Hong , Zhao Yue , Shui Guo‐Hao
Published: March 2020

Devonian is a critical period for reversal of arc polarity and transition of continental margins from passive to active settings in the northern margin of the North China Block (NCB). However, the evolution processes during this period are still poorly constrained due to limited distributions of Devonian magmatism and sedimentary records in the NCB. In this paper, we present new zircon U–Pb geochronological, whole‐rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data of some recently identified Devonian volcanic rocks from the Jiefangyingzi area in the northeastern margin of the NCB. The Jiefangyingzi volcanic rocks display a bimodal composition and consist predominantly of amphibolite (meta‐basaltic andesite) and meta‐rhyolite and rhyolitic tuff with minor meta‐andesite. New SHRIMP and LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating results show that the volcanic rocks erupted during the early‐middle Devonian period (397–389 Ma). Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data indicate that the mafic‐intermediate components were mainly derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source, and the parental magma experienced fractional crystallization during magma ascent. The felsic rocks were mainly originated by partial melting of ancient lower continental crust, with mixing of some mantle‐derived mafic magmas. The occurrence of Devonian bimodal volcanic rocks, combined with the Devonian alkaline magmatic belt, suggesting that the northern margin of the NCB was a post‐collisional extension environment during the early‐middle Devonian period. In addition, the Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic results of the Devonian felsic volcanic rocks suggest that the Jiefangyingzi area is located in the North China Craton (NCC) rather than the Bainaimiao arc belt, and the orogen‐craton boundary between the northern NCC and Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is located in some areas north to the Jiefangyingzi area.
Sequence and petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks from the middle Sanjiang Tethys Orogen, SW China: Implications for the Sanjiang Paleo‐Tethyan evolution
Authors: Yang Lifei , Wang Changming , Du Bin , Chen Qi , He Zhicheng , Zhu Jiaxuan
Published: March 2020

The volcano‐sedimentary sequences from the Weixi belt provide significance for the Sanjiang Paleo‐Tethys evolution. This manuscript constrains the ages of volcano‐sedimentary sequences by LA‐ICPMS U–Pb, including bimodal volcanics (245.0–244.0 Ma) from Pantiange Formation, trachyandesite–basaltic andesite (234 ± 2.0 Ma) from Cuiyibi Formation, high silica subalkaline rhyolite (221 ± 1.4 Ma) from Waigucun Formation and Early Jurassic high silica subalkaline rhyolite (184 ± 2.2 Ma). The volcanics show various Hf isotopic composition, which includes Middle Triassic dacite (ε
Hf[t] = −15.7 to −8.5, TDM2 = 2,006–1,613 Ma), Late Triassic rhyolite (ε
Hf(t) = −9.8 to +1.9, TDM2 = 1,667–1,021 Ma), Late Triassic trachyandesite (ε
Hf(t) = +2.6 to +5.7, TDM2 = 990–816 Ma) and Early Jurassic rhyolite (ε
Hf(t) = −2.7 to +1.1, TDM2 = 1,250–1,145 Ma). The Middle–Late Triassic volcanics exhibit similar characteristics, the content of SiO2 exerts positive correlation with K2O and negative correlation with oxide of Ti, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, Mn and P. The Hf isotopic and geochemical features indicate that the Middle Triassic basalt and rhyolite derived from mantle and crust by crystal fractionation, respectively. The absence of Lower Jurassic strata and existence of Triassic bimodal volcanic sequences suggest that the middle Sanjiang Tethys Orogen experienced collision during the Middle Triassic with local extension resulting from oblique convergence. Late Triassic–Early Jurassic rhyolite exhibit high SiO2 (77.12–77.81 wt%), K2O (4.35–6.10 wt%), Na2O (1.91–3.15 wt%) content, and a negative Eu anomaly. Together with the sedimentary sequence, the middle Sanjiang Tethys Orogen evolved into post‐collision phase during Late Triassic – Early Jurassic.
Benefits of physical exercise on cognition and glial white matter pathology in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Trigiani Lianne J. , Lacalle‐Aurioles María , Bourourou Miled , Li Lijun , Greenhalgh Andrew D. , Zarruk Juan G. , David Samuel , Fehlings Michael G. , Hamel Edith
Published: March 2020

White matter (WM) pathology is a clinically predictive feature of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Mice overexpressing transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF) with an underlying cerebrovascular pathology when fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) develop cognitive deficits (VCID mice) that we recently found could be prevented by physical exercise (EX). Here, we further investigated cognitive and WM pathology in VCID mice and examined the cellular substrates of the protective effects of moderate aerobic EX focusing on WM alterations. Six groups were studied: Wild‐type (WT) and TGF mice (n = 20–24/group) fed standard lab chow or a 2% HCD, with two HCD‐fed groups given concurrent access to running wheels. HCD had a significant negative effect in TGF mice that was prevented by EX on working and object recognition memory, the latter also altered in WT HCD mice. Whisker‐evoked increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) were reduced in HCD‐fed mice, deficits that were countered by EX, and baseline WM CBF was similarly affected. VCID mice displayed WM functional deficits characterized by lower compound action potential amplitude not found in EX groups. Moreover, there was an increased number of collapsing capillaries, galectin‐3‐expressing microglial cells, as well as a reduced number of oligodendrocytes in the WM of VCID mice; all of which were prevented by EX. Our findings indicate that a compromised cerebral circulation precedes reduced WM vascularization, enhanced WM inflammation and impaired oligodendrogenesis that all likely account for the increased susceptibility to memory impairments in VCID mice, which can be prevented by EX.
African Head and Neck Society Clinical Practice guidelines for thyroid nodules and cancer in developing countries and limited resource settings
Authors: Zafereo Mark , Yu Justin , Onakoya Paul A. , Aswani Joyce , Baidoo Kenneth , Bogale Mesele , Cairncross Lydia , Cordes Susan , Daniel Adekunle , Diom Evelyne , Maurice Mpessa E. , Mohammed Garba M. , Biadgelign Melesse G. , Koné Fatogoma I. , Itiere Arnaud , Koch Wayne , Konney Anna , Kundiona Innocent , Macharia Chege , Mashamba Victor , Moore Michael G. , Mugabo Rajab M. , Noah Patrick , Omutsani Mary , Orloff Lisa A. , Otiti Jeffrey , Randolph Gregory W. , Sebelik Merry , Todsen Tobias , Twier Khaled , Fagan Johannes J.
Published: March 2020

Background

International thyroid nodule and cancer management guidelines generally fail to take into account potential limitations in diagnostic and treatment resources.

Methods

Thyroid cancer specialists from the African Head and Neck Society and American Head & Neck Society Endocrine Section developed guidelines for diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules and cancer in low resource settings. Recommendations were based on literature review and expert opinion, with level of evidence defined.

Results

Using the ADAPTE process, diagnostic and treatment algorithms were adapted from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Low resource settings were simulated by systematically removing elements such as availability of laboratory testing, hormone replacement, imaging, and cytopathology from NCCN guidelines.

Conclusions

Successful management of thyroid nodules and cancer in low resource settings requires adaptation of treatment methodologies. These guidelines define specific scenarios where either more or less aggressive intervention for thyroid pathology may be advisable based on limited available resources.
Transcriptional Dynamics of Hepatic Sinusoid‐Associated Cells After Liver Injury
Authors: Terkelsen Mike K. , Bendixen Sofie M. , Hansen Daniel , Scott Emma A.H. , Moeller Andreas F. , Nielsen Ronni , Mandrup Susanne , Schlosser Anders , Andersen Thomas L. , Sorensen Grith L. , Krag Aleksander , Natarajan Kedar N. , Detlefsen Sönke , Dimke Henrik , Ravnskjaer Kim
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims

Hepatic sinusoidal cells are known actors in the fibrogenic response to injury. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells are responsible for sinusoidal capillarization and perisinusoidal matrix deposition, impairing vascular exchange and heightening the risk of advanced fibrosis. While the overall pathogenesis is well understood, functional relations between cellular transitions during fibrogenesis are only beginning to be resolved. At single‐cell resolution, we here explored the heterogeneity of individual cell types and dissected their transitions and crosstalk during fibrogenesis.

Approach and Results

We applied single‐cell transcriptomics to map the heterogeneity of sinusoid‐associated cells in healthy and injured livers and reconstructed the single‐lineage HSC trajectory from pericyte to myofibroblast. Stratifying each sinusoidal cell population by activation state, we projected shifts in sinusoidal communication upon injury. Weighted gene correlation network analysis of the HSC trajectory led to the identification of core genes whose expression proved highly predictive of advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among the core members of the injury‐repressed gene module, we identified plasmalemma vesicle–associated protein (PLVAP) as a protein amply expressed by mouse and human HSCs. PLVAP expression was suppressed in activated HSCs upon injury and may hence define hitherto unknown roles for HSCs in the regulation of microcirculatory exchange and its breakdown in chronic liver disease.

Conclusions

Our study offers a single‐cell resolved account of drug‐induced injury of the mammalian liver and identifies key genes that may serve important roles in sinusoidal integrity and as markers of advanced fibrosis in human NASH.
Synthetic Conjugates of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Inhibit Cystogenesis in Experimental Models of Polycystic Liver Disease
Authors: Caballero‐Camino Francisco J. , Rivilla Ivan , Herraez Elisa , Briz Oscar , Santos‐Laso Alvaro , Izquierdo‐Sanchez Laura , Lee‐Law Pui Y. , Rodrigues Pedro M. , Munoz‐Garrido Patricia , Jin Sujeong , Peixoto Estanislao , Richard Seth , Gradilone Sergio A. , Perugorria Maria J. , Esteller Manel , Bujanda Luis , Marin Jose J.G. , Banales Jesus M. , Cossío Fernando P.
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims

Polycystic liver diseases (PLDs) are genetic disorders characterized by progressive development of symptomatic biliary cysts. Current surgical and pharmacological approaches are ineffective, and liver transplantation represents the only curative option. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors (HDAC6is) have arisen as promising therapeutic strategies, but with partial benefits.

Approach and Results

Here, we tested an approach based on the design, synthesis, and validation of a family of UDCA synthetic conjugates with selective HDAC6i capacity (UDCA‐HDAC6i). Four UDCA‐HDAC6i conjugates presented selective HDAC6i activity, UDCA‐HDAC6i #1 being the most promising candidate. UDCA orientation within the UDCA‐HDAC6i structure was determinant for HDAC6i activity and selectivity. Treatment of polycystic rats with UDCA‐HDAC6i #1 reduced their hepatomegaly and cystogenesis, increased UDCA concentration, and inhibited HDAC6 activity in liver. In cystic cholangiocytes UDCA‐HDAC6i #1 restored primary cilium length and exhibited potent antiproliferative activity. UDCA‐HDAC6i #1 was actively transported into cells through BA and organic cation transporters.

Conclusions

These UDCA‐HDAC6i conjugates open a therapeutic avenue for PLDs.
Activation of the Liver X Receptor Pathway Inhibits HBV Replication in Primary Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Zeng Jing , Wu Daitze , Hu Hui , Young John A.T. , Yan Zhipeng , Gao Lu
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is ranked among the top health priorities worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that HBV infection and replication are closely associated with liver metabolism. The liver X receptors (LXRs), which belong to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors, are important physiological regulators of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. However, the association between the LXR pathway and HBV infection remains largely unclear.

Approach and Results

In this study, the antiviral activity of LXR agonists was investigated using multiple HBV cellular models. We observed that in HBV‐infected primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), synthetic LXR agonists (T0901317, GW3965, and LXR‐623), but not an LXR antagonist (SR9238), potently inhibited HBV replication and gene expression, as demonstrated by substantial reductions in viral RNA, DNA, and antigen production following agonist treatment. However, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) levels were not significantly reduced by the agonists. In addition, no rebound in viral replication was observed after treatment withdrawal, indicating a long‐lasting inhibitory effect. These results suggest that LXR agonists decrease the transcriptional activity of cccDNA. In contrast, no significant anti‐HBV effect was observed in HepG2‐derived cell lines. Interestingly, LXR agonist treatment strongly reduced cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase 1 (CYP7A1) mRNA levels. Knockdown of CYP7A1 gene expression with small interfering RNA inhibited HBV activity in PHHs, suggesting CYP7A1 as a potential factor contributing to the antiviral effects of LXR agonists.

Conclusions

We found that activation of the LXR pathway with synthetic LXR agonists could elicit potent anti‐HBV activity in PHHs, possibly through sustained suppression of cccDNA transcription. Our work highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting the LXR pathway for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
Mutations in the V‐ATPase Assembly Factor VMA21 Cause a Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation With Autophagic Liver Disease
Authors: Cannata Serio Magda , Graham Laurie A. , Ashikov Angel , Larsen Lars Elmann , Raymond Kimiyo , Timal Sharita , Le Meur Gwenn , Ryan Margret , Czarnowska Elzbieta , Jansen Jos C. , He Miao , Ficicioglu Can , Pichurin Pavel , Hasadsri Linda , Minassian Berge , Rugierri Alessandra , Kalimo Hannu , Ríos‐Ocampo W. Alfredo , Gilissen Christian , Rodenburg Richard , Jonker Johan W. , Holleboom Adriaan G. , Morava Eva , Veltman Joris A. , Socha Piotr , Stevens Tom H. , Simons Matias , Lefeber Dirk J.
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims

Vacuolar H+‐ATP complex (V‐ATPase) is a multisubunit protein complex required for acidification of intracellular compartments. At least five different factors are known to be essential for its assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Genetic defects in four of these V‐ATPase assembly factors show overlapping clinical features, including steatotic liver disease and mild hypercholesterolemia. An exception is the assembly factor vacuolar ATPase assembly integral membrane protein (VMA21), whose X‐linked mutations lead to autophagic myopathy.

Approach and Results

Here, we report pathogenic variants in VMA21 in male patients with abnormal protein glycosylation that result in mild cholestasis, chronic elevation of aminotransferases, elevation of (low‐density lipoprotein) cholesterol and steatosis in hepatocytes. We also show that the VMA21 variants lead to V‐ATPase misassembly and dysfunction. As a consequence, lysosomal acidification and degradation of phagocytosed materials are impaired, causing lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in autolysosomes. Moreover, VMA21 deficiency triggers ER stress and sequestration of unesterified cholesterol in lysosomes, thereby activating the sterol response element‐binding protein–mediated cholesterol synthesis pathways.

Conclusions

Together, our data suggest that impaired lipophagy, ER stress, and increased cholesterol synthesis lead to LD accumulation and hepatic steatosis. V‐ATPase assembly defects are thus a form of hereditary liver disease with implications for the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Data or interpretations: Impacts of information presentation strategies on diagnostic processes
Authors: Müller Romy , Gögel Christina , Bönsel Rica
Published: March 2020

Industrial fault diagnosis can be supported by assistance systems that infer fault causes from sensor data. The present study asked what information these algorithms should make available to operators. In a computer‐based experiment about fault diagnosis in a packaging machine, three information presentation strategies were compared regarding their impacts on information sampling, performance, and knowledge acquisition: Providing only sensor data, sensor data along with three possible interpretations, or only the most likely interpretation. Before submitting a diagnosis, participants could sample process parameters, one of which indicated the fault cause. We hypothesized that providing only sensor data would lead to more parameter checking and slower solutions than interpretations. While providing only one interpretation was expected to enable efficient performance for correct interpretations, it should lead to either of two types of performance costs for incorrect interpretations: Errors if participants refrain from checking parameters, or slowdowns in performance if they keep on checking. The results confirmed that participants with only sensor data performed inefficiently. Participants with only one interpretation thoroughly checked parameters but still were fastest when the interpretation was correct, while when it was incorrect they were three times slower than participants with only sensor data. Participants with three interpretations (one of which was always correct) performed almost as efficiently as those with only one correct interpretation. The results indicate that highly preprocessed information leads to efficient performance when it is correct but prevents learning about fault causes. Overall, providing several possible interpretations seemed to be the best strategy.
Perceived trust in artificial intelligence technologies: A preliminary study
Authors: Bitkina Olga Vl. , Jeong Heejin , Lee Byung Cheol , Park Jangwoon , Park Jaehyun , Kim Hyun K.
Published: March 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly prevalent in all spheres of society. Still, the perception of AI from users and customers remains the main barrier for its widespread adoption. Previous studies showed that the acceptance of new technologies in society depends on perceived characteristics. This study examined users’ perception of trust, the difficulty of the task, and application performance when using an AI‐based technology. These factors help us to elucidate the mechanisms for building trust in AI technology from the users’ perspective. A total of 18 participants took part in the experiment with the Google AutoDraw software as an AI tool. As a result, the difficulty of the task, perceived performance, and success/failure of the task can be regarded as the influential factors for the perceived trust evaluation. The perceived trust of users in new AI products would be increased by improving product performance and the successful implementation of the tasks. The obtained results and insights can serve AI product developers to increase the level of users’ trust and attraction towards their technologies and applications.
Cross‐diffusion and viscoelastic effects on multidiffusive porous convection
Authors: Shivakumara Inapura Siddagangaiah , Kondethimmanahalli Rangadhamappa Raghunatha
Published: March 2020

The onset of triply cross‐diffusive convection in a viscoelastic fluid‐saturated porous layer is investigated as the study is found very relevant for describing natural phenomena (contaminant transport, underground water flow, improved oil recovery, polymer processing). A modified Darcy‐Oldroyd‐B model is used to describe the viscoelastic fluid flow in a porous medium with full cross‐diffusion terms in the diffusivity matrix. A normal mode analysis yields an exact dispersion equation of fifth degree and accordingly the criterion for the onset of stationary and oscillatory convection is obtained. The numerical computations are carried out for diffusivity elements experimentally determined for lysozyme‐sodium chloride‐bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐water system. Instability is found to occur via oscillatory mode for a certain choice of governing parameters. The relaxation and retardation viscoelastic parameters portray opposing contributions on the oscillatory onset and an increase in the relaxation parameter is to increase the range of retardation parameter up to which the oscillatory convection is preferred. The cross‐diffusion is to either delay/hasten the onset of instability based on the magnitude of the stratifying agents. Even minute variations in the cross‐diffusion elements indict complete change in the linear instability criteria. The topology of neutral curves disclosed the occurrence of disconnected closed convex oscillatory neutral curve revealing the requirement of three critical solute Darcy‐Rayleigh numbers to state fully the instability criteria instead of the usual single value; a novel result ensured from the study. Moreover, the nature of instability for Oldroyd‐B, Maxwell and Newtonian fluids turns out to be dissimilar for the same governing parameters.
The role of empathy in children's costly prosocial lie‐telling behaviour
Authors: Nagar Pooja Megha , Caivano Oksana , Talwar Victoria
Published: March 2020

The aim of the present study was to examine the role of induced empathy and parent‐reported empathy (i.e., affective and cognitive) as underlying motives for children's prosocial lie‐telling tendencies. An experimental paradigm was used to elicit prosocial lies in children (N = 146, 7–11 years) in varying cost (low‐cost/high‐cost) and induction (empathy/neutral) conditions. Results indicate that induced empathy predicts prosocial lie likelihood and maintenance in low‐cost conditions, and that cognitive empathy is a predictor of lie‐likelihood. Post‐hoc analyses revealed that a large portion of children chose to prosocially share with the distressed confederate, regardless of whether they lied for them. Individuals who shared were more likely to share in low‐cost conditions, and also had higher cognitive empathy. Overall, this study provides unique insights into the role of empathy as an underlying cognitive process for children's prosocial decision‐making.

Highlights

The role of empathy was examined in relation to children's prosocial lying and sharing behaviour in low‐ and high‐cost conditions.

Parent‐reported cognitive empathy predicted both lying and sharing in an experimental paradigm; induced empathy only predicted lying in low‐cost conditions.

Overall, empathy proved to be an important underlying motive for children's prosocial decision‐making.
Inhibition of mitochondria ATP synthase suppresses prostate cancer growth through reduced insulin‐like growth factor‐1 secretion by prostate stromal cells
Authors: Ohishi Tomokazu , Abe Hikaru , Sakashita Chiharu , Saqib Uzma , Baig Mirza S. , Ohba Shun‐ichi , Inoue Hiroyuki , Watanabe Takumi , Shibasaki Masakatsu , Kawada Manabu
Published: March 2020

Modulation of prostate stromal cells (PrSCs) within tumor tissues is gaining attention for the treatment of solid tumors. Using our original in vitro coculture system, we previously reported that leucinostatin (LCS)‐A, a peptide mycotoxin, inhibited prostate cancer DU‐145 cell growth through reduction of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐I) expression in PrSCs. To further obtain additional bioactive compounds from LCS‐A, we designed and synthesized a series of LCS‐A derivatives as compounds that target PrSCs. Among the synthesized LCS‐A derivatives, LCS‐7 reduced IGF‐I expression in PrSCs with lower toxicity to PrSCs and mice than LCS‐A. As LCS‐A has been suggested to interact with mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, a docking study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of reduced IGF‐I expression in the PrSCs. As expected, LCS‐A and LCS‐7 directly interacted with mitochondrial ATP synthase, and like LCS‐A and LCS‐7, other mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors also reduced the expression of IGF‐I by PrSCs. Furthermore, LCS‐A and LCS‐7 significantly decreased the growth of mouse xenograft tumors. Based on these data, we propose that the mitochondrial ATP synthases–IGF‐I axis of PrSCs plays a critical role on cancer cell growth and inhibition could be a potential anticancer target for prostate cancer.
Dual ureteral stent placement after redo laser endoureterotomy to manage persistent ureteral stricture
Authors: Isogai Masahiko , Hamamoto Shuzo , Hasebe Kenichi , Iida Keitaro , Taguchi Kazumi , Ando Ryosuke , Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Endourological intervention is a minimally invasive approach for the management of ureteral strictures. Contraindications to this approach include active infection, strictures of sizes >2 cm, and failure of endoureterotomy. This report demonstrates a case of successful dual stent placement after redo endoureterotomy.

Case presentation

A recurring ureteral stricture in a 69‐year‐old woman, who had undergone ureteroscopic lithotripsy for a right ureteral calculus 60 months earlier, was successfully managed by redo endoureterotomy. The procedure involved insertion of dual ureteral stents after endoluminal incision and balloon dilation. Ureteral stents were removed 8 weeks after the operation. No significant complications or signs of stricture were observed 42 months after endoscopic repair.

Conclusion

This minimally invasive and effective technique of dual ureteral stent placement following laser endoureterotomy successfully managed the recalcitrant ureteral stricture in a case with failed single stent placement following endoureterotomy.
EFFECTS OF COLOURED PLASTIC MULCH ON SOIL HYDROTHERMAL CHARACTERISTICS, GROWTH AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINFED SOYBEAN
Authors: Kader Mohammad Abdul , Nakamura Kimihito , Senge Masateru , Mojid Mohammad Abdul , Kawashima Shigeto
Published: March 2020

Soil thermal regime, a crucial factor in plant growth and development, is influenced by the colour of plastic mulch. The effects of black plastic mulch (BPM), silver plastic mulch (SPM), transparent plastic mulch (TPM) and bare soil on the soil temperature regime as well as on the growth and yield of rainfed soybean were evaluated in a field experiment. The results revealed a strong correlation (r2 = 0.85) between air and soil‐surface temperatures in the case of bare soil, but no correlation (r2 = 0.03) in the case of TPM. The coloured plastic mulching raised soil temperature by 3–7 °C compared to bare soil, with a daily fluctuation of 6–17 °C at the early growth stage, while the soil temperature increased by 1–2 °C, with a daily fluctuation of 4–8 °C in later growth stages. BPM provided 1–4 °C more temperature than SPM and TPM at 5, 15 and 25 cm depths that augmented heat accumulation by 23% and 6% compared to bare soil and TPM, respectively. The coloured mulching significantly (p < 0.05) increased soybean growth attributes and thus augmented seed yield by 31–34% compared to bare soil. However, BPM, by maintaining the highest soil temperature, provided the highest seed yield of soybean. Therefore, BPM is recommended as a suitable mulch in the central Japan area. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of a composite hydrogel of silk sericin via horseradish peroxidase‐catalyzed graft polymerization of poly‐PEGDMA
Authors: Hu Haoran , Wang Lin , Xu Bo , Wang Ping , Yuan Jiugang , Yu Yuanyuan , Wang Qiang
Published: March 2020

Silk sericin (SS), which is one of the main components of Bombyx mori silk fibers, has attracted increasing attentions as functional biomaterials due to its diverse biological activities as well as excellent biocompatibility. However, the poor formability and weak mechanical properties of SS materials severely limit their practical applications in biomedical field. To address this issue, in this study poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) modified sericin were prepared by graft polymerization of poly‐PEGDMA (pPEGDMA) onto sericin chains in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide under mild condition. The composite hydrogels obtained from the modified SS not only exhibit much improved formability and excellent mechanical properties, but also high possess porosity and swelling ratios up to 63 and 1,250%, respectively, at the optimized formulation. Moreover, the composite hydrogels also reveal sustained drug release behavior and acceptable cytotoxicity, which endow them with vast application as biomaterials. It is envisioned that the method presented in this study would expand the application of SS in biomedical filed.
Short k‐radius sequences, k‐difference sequences and universal cycles
Authors: Zhang Xiande
Published: March 2020

An ‐ary ‐radius sequence is a finite sequence of elements taken from an alphabet of size in which any two distinct elements occur within distance of each other somewhere in the sequence. The study of constructing short ‐radius sequences was motivated by some problems occurring in large data transfer. Let be the shortest length of any ‐ary ‐radius sequence. We show that the conjecture by Bondy et al is true for , and determine the exact values of for new infinitely many . Further, we investigate new sequences which we call ‐difference, as they are related to ‐radius sequences and seem to be interesting in themselves. Finally, we answer a question about the optimal length of packing and covering analogs of universal cycles proposed by Dębski et al.
Altered morphology and function of the peripheral nociceptive system in the offspring of diabetic rats
Authors: Campos Lima Taís , Lemes Júlia Borges Paes , Capop Tauane Franco Pinheiro Alves , de Lima Lorena Borges , Monteiro da Cruz Lotufo Celina
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal diabetes induced by alloxan injection in the first gestational day of female Wistar rats interferes with the development of the nociceptive peripheral system of the offspring. Behavioral and histologic analysis was performed using the adult offspring of diabetic and control rats. It was found that the offspring of diabetic rats were more sensitive to thermal stimulation and showed an altered response to carrageenan‐induced inflammatory hyperalgesia. The histological analysis showed an increased proportion of nociceptive neurons, while the population of non‐nociceptive myelinated neurons was reduced. Therefore, exposition to hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia in uterus, caused by a diabetic mother, might result in altered nociceptive sensations in the offspring throughout life.
Microscopic and molecular evidence in support of rodent as a reservoir for dissemination of Leishmaniasis
Authors: Khan Imran , Noor Zohaib , Allauddin Khan Syed , Ali Khan Taj , Muhammad Niaz , Ullah Khattak Bahar , Hussain Mubashir
Published: March 2020

Leishmaniasis is a worldwide public health problem and vector‐borne disease. It is caused by a diverse group of protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and transmitted to humans through a bite of an infected female sand fly. Leishmaniasis has attained epidemic proportion in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and raises serious concern over its management. The present research work was conducted in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) prevalent village named Surgul of district Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with a focus to investigate whether rodent can act as a source for dissemination of leishmanial species or not. In this context, rodent samples were analyzed via morphological and molecular approaches to unveil prevalence of CL. It was reported that 12.5% of samples were positive for signs of leishmaniasis through microscopy and 18.75% through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Supporting the findings further, the color character of rodents was also taken into consideration, which shows that light dark colored rodents were more infected (13.3%) compared to brown colored rodents (11.43%). Based on our findings, we speculate that small rodents are a possible reservoir of various leishmanial parasites and play a significant role in zoonosis and maintenance of their species.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis and luminescent activity of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives
Authors: Rodríguez Juan C. , Maldonado Rony A. , Ramírez‐García Gonzalo , Díaz Cervantes Erik , de la Cruz Fabiola N.
Published: March 2020

In this work, a series of phenacyl bromide derivatives was synthesized and employed as key intermediate for the synthesis of substituted imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. First, phenacyl bromide molecules were obtained from the bromination reaction of acetophenones assisted by microwave irradiation, obtaining the products 4a‐v in a 15 minutes reaction with yields in the range of 50% to 99%. Subsequently, the conjugation of these molecules with 2‐aminopyridine conduced to the production of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives (7a‐v) in a 60‐second reaction with yields of 24% to 99%. Improved yields were determined with respect to those obtained with more tedious methodologies like thermally and mechanically assisted routes. Intense luminescence emissions in the purple and blue regions of the electromagnetic spectra were observed under UV excitation according to the nature of the substituents. This environmentally friendly methodology is expected to constitute an important class of organic compounds for the development of biomarkers, photochemical sensors, and medicinal applications.
The influence of HIV‐related stigma on PrEP disclosure and adherence among adolescent girls and young women in HPTN 082: a qualitative study
Authors: Velloza Jennifer , Khoza Nomhle , Scorgie Fiona , Chitukuta Miria , Mutero Prisca , Mutiti Kudzai , Mangxilana Nomvuyo , Nobula Lumka , Bulterys Michelle A , Atujuna Millicent , Hosek Sybil , Heffron Renee , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Mgodi Nyaradzo , Chirenje Mike , Celum Connie , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead ,   for the HPTN 082 study group
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Stigma and disclosure concerns have been key barriers to oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence for African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in efficacy trials. We aimed to understand the impact of these factors among African AGYW in an open‐label PrEP study.

Methods

HPTN 082 was an open‐label PrEP study among AGYW (ages 16 to 24) in Harare, Zimbabwe, and Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa from 2016 to 2018. Women starting PrEP were randomized to standard adherence support (counselling, two‐way SMS, monthly adherence clubs) or standard support plus drug‐level feedback. Serial in‐depth interviews were conducted among 67 AGYW after 13‐week and 26‐week study visits to explore experiences of stigma, disclosure and PrEP adherence. We analysed data by coding transcripts and memo‐writing and diagramming to summarize themes.

Results

AGYW described stigma related to sexual activity (e.g. “people say I'm a prostitute”) and being perceived to be living with HIV because of taking antiretrovirals (e.g. “my husband's friends say I'm HIV infected”). Participants who anticipated stigma were reluctant to disclose PrEP use and reported adherence challenges. Disclosure also resulted in stigmatizing experiences. Across all sites, negative descriptions of stigma and disclosure challenges were more common in the first interview. In the second interview, participants often described disclosure as an “empowering” way to combat community‐level PrEP stigma; many said that they proactively discussed PrEP in their communities (e.g. became a “community PrEP ambassador”), which improved their ability to take PrEP and encourage others to use PrEP. These empowering disclosure experiences were facilitated by ongoing HPTN 082 study activities (e.g. counselling sessions, adherence clubs) in which they could discuss PrEP‐related stigma, disclosure and PrEP adherence issues.

Conclusions

Stigma and disclosure challenges were initial concerns for African AGYW newly initiating PrEP but many were empowered to disclose PrEP use over their first six months of PrEP use, which helped them cope with stigma and feel more able to take PrEP regularly. PrEP programmes can foster disclosure through community and clinic‐based discussion, adherence clubs and activities normalizing sexual behaviour and PrEP use, which can reduce stigma and improve PrEP adherence and thus effectiveness.
A patient survey on the impact of alkaptonuria symptoms as perceived by the patients and their experiences of receiving diagnosis and care
Authors: Rudebeck Mattias , Scott Ciarán , Sireau Nicolas , Ranganath Lakshminarayan
Published: March 2020

Background

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an ultrarare and multifaceted disease characterized by the absence of functional homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase activity, the enzyme responsible for breakdown of homogentisic acid—a tyrosine‐degradation product. The presymptomatic phase of the disease makes diagnosis difficult, with many patients unidentified or diagnosed late in life.

Objective

To date, no study has analyzed the perceived impact of different symptoms or the experiences of individuals through the patient journey in the context of AKU. This study aimed to examine patients' perceptions of AKU symptoms and their impact on quality of life as well as patients' experiences of being diagnosed and living with the disease.

Methods

Data for this study were collected using a quantitative self‐report questionnaire administered online to people with AKU.

Results

Data from 45 participants indicate that symptoms with the highest impact for patients are those related to pain and ruptures, disability and inability to perform normal routines, emotional/mental health issues, and heart complications. Findings also revealed significant delays in contact with healthcare services and time to diagnosis. Furthermore, patients reported difficulty in receiving information about AKU, treatment and care, and long‐term disease management support.

Conclusions

Time to diagnosis and care of AKU is significantly delayed. Symptoms of AKU with the highest impact on quality of life for patients are those related to pain and disability and the inability to perform normal routines. Bridging any gaps between patients with AKU and healthcare professionals through education could help improve patients' experiences with AKU through the patient journey.
KLF10 is a modulatory factor of chondrocyte hypertrophy in developing skeleton
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Ko Ji‐Yun , Park Jeong‐Won , Lee Woon Kyu , Song Sun U. , Im Gun‐Il
Published: March 2020

To define the functional role of Krüppel‐like factor (KLF) 10 as a modulator of chondrocyte hypertrophy in developing skeleton, the developmental features in the long bone of KLF10 knockout (KO) mice were investigated and the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from KLF10 KO mice were characterized regarding chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Delayed long bone growth and delayed formation of primary ossification center were observed in an early embryonic stage in KLF10 KO mouse along with very low Indian hedgehog expression in epiphyseal plate. While the chondrogenic potential of mouse MSCs from KLF10 KO mice appeared normal or slight decreased, hypertrophy and osteogenesis were extensively suppressed. These findings suggest that KLF10 is a mediator of chondrocyte hypertrophy in developing skeleton, and that suppression of KLF10 may be employed as a new strategy for preventing hypertrophy in cartilage regeneration using MSCs.
Determining Optimal Outcome Measures in a Trial Investigating No Routine Gastric Residual Volume Measurement in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Tume Lyvonne N. , Arch Barbara , Woolfall Kerry , Roper Louise , Deja Elizabeth , Jones Ashley P. , Latten Lynne , Eccleson Helen , Hickey Helen , Pathan Nazima , Preston Jenny , Beissel Anne , Andrzejewska Izabela , Gale Chris , Valla Frederic V. , Dorling Jon ,   the Paediatric Intensive Care Society Study Group (PICS‐SG)
Published: March 2020

Background

Choosing trial outcome measures is important. When outcomes are not clinically relevant or important to parents/patients, trial evidence is less likely to be implemented into practice. This study aimed to determine optimal outcome measures for a trial of no routine gastric residual volume (GRV) measurement in critically ill children.

Methods

A mixed‐methods approach was used: a focused literature review, parent and clinician interviews, a modified 2‐round Delphi, and a stakeholder consensus meeting.

Results

The review generated 13 outcomes. Fourteen pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) parents proposed 3 additional outcomes; these 16 were then rated by 28 clinicians in Delphi round 1. Six further outcomes were proposed, and 22 outcomes were rated in the second round. No items were voted “consensus out.” The 18 “no‐consensus” items were voted in a face‐to‐face meeting by 30 participants. The final 12 outcome measures were time to reach energy targets, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, vomiting, time enteral feeds withheld per 24 hours, necrotizing enterocolitis, length of invasive ventilation, PICU length of stay, mortality, change in weight and markers of feed intolerance (parenteral nutrition administered), feed formula altered, and change to postpyloric feeds all secondary to feed intolerance.

Conclusion

We have identified 12 outcomes for a trial of no GRV measurement through a multistage process, seeking views of parents and clinicians.
Bone Mineral Composition Among Long‐Term Parenteral Nutrition Patients: Postmortem Assessment of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, and Select Trace Elements
Authors: Galusha Aubrey L. , Howard Lyn J. , Kruger Pamela C. , Marks Tia , Parsons Patrick J.
Published: March 2020

Background

Patients receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN) treatment are at risk of developing metabolic bone diseases (MBDs). The bone compartment serves as a repository for a range of metal(loid)s that are administered intravenously to patients via PN solutions. Thus, the mineral composition of patient bones may be linked to the development of MBDs in this group.

Methods

We measured 12 elements in bone samples obtained post mortem from 7 long‐term (2–21 years) PN patients and 18 control bones obtained from hip/knee replacement surgery. The samples were cleaned, digested, and subsequently analyzed using a method based on inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

Compared with the control group, bones obtained from PN patients were significantly (P < 0.05) depleted in calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), chromium, and strontium and enriched in manganese (Mn), zinc, barium, cadmium (Cd), and uranium (U). No differences were observed for cobalt or lead.

Conclusions

Depletion of major components of bone mineral (Ca, P, and Mg) and enrichment in known toxicants (Cd, Mn, U) are concerns for PN patients.
Ensiling of whole‐plant hybrid pennisetum with natamycin and Lactobacillus plantarum impacts on fermentation characteristics and meta‐genomic microbial community at low temperature
Authors: Shah Assar Ali , Wu Juanzi , Qian Chen , Liu Zhiwei , Mobashar Muhammad , Tao Zhujun , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhong Xiaoxian
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

The aim of the current research was to clarify the impacts of the ensiling of whole‐plant hybrid pennisetum with natamycin and Lactobacillus plantarum on fermentation characteristics and the meta‐genomic microbial community at low temperatures.

RESULTS

During the ensiling process, lactic acid (LA) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) significantly (P < 0.05) increased and acetic acid (AA), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC), ammonia total nitrogen (NH3‐N), and yeast significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in treatments as compared to controls. Different treatments and different ensiling days led to variations in the bacterial community at family and genus levels. The family Lactobacillaceae and genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus are dominant communities in treatment silage. The family and genus levels bacterial ecology and fermentation quality were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCO1, and PCO2 can be explained by 10.81% and 72.14% of the whole variance regularly, similarly in PCO1 and PCO2 can be explained 24.23% and 52.06% regularly. The core bacterial micro‐biome operational taxonomic unit (OTU) numbers increased in treatments, as compared to controls, on different hybrid pennisetum ensiling days.

CONCLUSIONS

The inoculation of L. plantarum alone and combined with natamycin influenced the fermentation quality and reduced undesirable microorganisms during the fermentation of hybrid pennisetum silage. Natamycin alone did not significantly enhance the concentration of organic acid but numerically enhanced in treatments group as compared to control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Aptamer‐based ellipsometric sensor for ultrasensitive determination of aminoglycoside group antibiotics from dairy products
Authors: Caglayan Mustafa Oguzhan
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Residual antibiotics taken along with food consumed through the food chain are the main cause of the super‐bacteria and may damage organs such as liver and kidney. Therefore, monitoring residual antibiotic levels of products in the food chain is both important and a requirement. Maximum residual limits for kanamycin and neomycin are 150 ng mL−1 and 500 ng mL−1 respectively, which are challenging for most sensor platforms. In this paper, a novel method is presented for the determination of antibiotics residues in animal‐derived foods.

RESULTS

Aptamer‐based kanamycin and neomycin biosensors based on the spectroscopic ellipsometer and the surface plasmon resonance‐enhanced total internal reflection ellipsometer methods as transducing element were developed. Detection limits of both sensor platforms were in the 0.1–1 nmol L−1 ranges, and the detection range was between the detection limit and 1000 nmol L−1.

CONCLUSION

Both ellipsometry‐based aptasensors can be used as an alternative to the existing enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based method in terms of assay time (10 min), detection limit (0.22 ng mL−1 for neomycin and 0.048 ng mL−1 for kanamycin), and detection range. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Current status of retention time prediction in metabolite identification
Authors: Witting Michael , Böcker Sebastian
Published: March 2020

Metabolite identification is a crucial step in nontargeted metabolomics, but also represents one of its current bottlenecks. Accurate identifications are required for correct biological interpretation. To date, annotation and identification are usually based on the use of accurate mass search or tandem mass spectrometry analysis, but neglect orthogonal information such as retention times obtained by chromatographic separation. While several tools are available for the analysis and prediction of tandem mass spectrometry data, prediction of retention times for metabolite identification are not widespread. Here, we review the current state of retention time prediction in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics, with a focus on publications published after 2010.