bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ação da temperatura e luminosidade sobre a qualidade de azeite de oliva extravirgem produzido no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Gonçalves Wellington Freitas , Antunes Bruna da Fonseca , Sampaio Pamela Haissa de Oliveira , Crepaldi Gabriela Avello , Azevedo Miriane Lucas , Jacques Andressa Carolina
Published: January 2022

O objetivo do estudo visa a avaliação dos padrões de qualidade de azeites de oliva produzidos na região da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul, frente ao armazenamento sob diferentes condições de luminosidade e temperatura. O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado em esquema trifatorial: incidência de temperatura (25 e 30°C), incidência de luminosidade (0 e 300 Lux) e tempo de armazenamento (0, 1, 2 e 3 meses), avaliando o índice de peróxidos; acidez livre; extinção específica no ultravioleta; clorofilas totais, atividade antioxidante; carotenoides totais; fenóis totais e avaliação sensorial. Obteve-se, acidez livre de 0,49 g ácido oleico.100 g-1, índice de peróxidos de 7,90 mEq O2.kg-1, K232 igual a 2,48, K270 igual a 0,15, fenóis totais de 273,02 mg GAE.kg-1, clorofilas totais de 37,72 mg feofitina α.kg-1, atividade antioxidante de 24,39%, carotenoides totais de 11,81 mg β-caroteno.kg-1, aroma com média geral igual a 6,75, sabor com 6,58 e intenção de compra de 3,75. A luminosidade influenciou aumentando os valores da acidez livre, extinção específica, diminuindo os de fenóis totais, carotenoides totais e clorofilas totais. A temperatura influenciou aumentando os valores de acidez livre, K232 e também diminuindo os de carotenoides totais e clorofilas totais. O tempo influenciou significativamente sobre todas as análises, exceto de fenóis totais, causando os mesmos efeitos de diminuição e aumento que luminosidade e temperatura sobre as análises. Tem-se com isso que a qualidade do azeite de oliva é afetada pela conjuntura de fatores de armazenamento adotada.
Avaliação da aprendizagem como ato pedagógico: o erro construtivo
Authors: Matias Klesia de Andrade , Costa-Vasconcelos Zian Karla
Published: January 2022

Este artigo trata da avaliação como ato pedagógico, tendo em vista, a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento dos estudantes. Em seu bojo, aborda-se a importância do erro como fator didático nas aprendizagens. Neste sentido, objetiva refletir sobre o erro construtivo como componente do ato pedagógico, na perspectiva da avaliação da aprendizagem. Como método, usa a pesquisa bibliográfica, na abordagem caracterizada como qualitativa. O estudo se justifica no intuito de responder como o erro pode ser considerado como um componente do ato pedagógico da avaliação da aprendizagem. Os resultados evidenciam que o erro construtivo, enquanto uma maneira de avaliar, se configura num dos componentes do ato pedagógico da avaliação da aprendizagem. Conclui-se como urgente a necessidade de compreender que os erros apresentados nos processos de avaliação podem ser interpretados não apenas como um termômetro para se medir quem foi melhor ou pior, mas como um ponto de partida para o avanço. Como contribuição futuras, vislumbra-se uma possibilidade de promover melhoria da aprendizagem dos estudantes, assumindo assim, uma função pedagógica.
Atividade colaborativa para o ensino-aprendizagem sobre Atenção Básica à Saúde
Authors: Pacheco Will da Silva , Nobre Paula Fabiane da Rocha , Costa Elaine Thayna Trindade , Rosário Isabelle Cristine Cardoso do , Lima Yasmin Beatriz Reis da Silva , Castro Nádile Juliane Costa de
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Relatar experiência de atividade colaborativa para ensino-aprendizagem sobre Atenção Básica à Saúde. Método: Relato de experiência do tipo descritivo realizado a partir do método Team-Based Learning e analisado pela Teoria da Atividade. Foi realizado entre janeiro e junho de 2021 por meio da Atividade Curricular de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Adulto e Idoso da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Pará durante o período remoto emergencial. Resultado: Desenvolveu-se competências colaborativas a partir de etapas do ensino-aprendizagem sobre os aspectos relativos à infraestrutura dos serviços, biossegurança, recursos humanos e instrumentos de apoio às habilidades práticas para formação profissional. Considerações Finais: O uso de recursos digitais para aprendizagem colaborativa possibilitou o engajamento individual, em pares, dinâmico e integrado. A experiência contribuiu para o aprendizado sobre a organização do processo de trabalho da Atenção Básica à Saúde e para a discussão sobre o tema na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Postpartum Berhubungan dengan Keterlambatan Pengeluaran ASI pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Malik Melyana , Gasma Asmawati , Ningsi Agustina
Published: January 2022

Anxiety is a subjective emotion that makes an individual uncomfortable, an unclear fear and anxiety, which is accompanied by autonomic responses. In the Covid-19 pandemic condition, the prevalence of postpartum maternal anxiety levels is increasing, this is related to the process of breastfeeding formation and excretion, namely the milk production reflex and let down reflex, both of which are closely related to hormones regulated by the hypothalamus. So that the higher the level of anxiety in the mother, the more inhibiting the production of breast milk in postpartum mothers.This study aims to analyze the relationship between postpartum anxiety level and breast milk production during the Covid-19 epidemic at the Antang Perumnas Health Center, Makassar City. This type of research is an analytic survey, with a cross sectional observation design. The sampling technique uses "Quota Sampling". The sample size in this study was 38 respondents. This research was conducted in February – May 2020. The statistical analysis used in this study is the Pearson Correlation Test. Based on the results of the Pearson correlation statistical test, the correlation coefficient table obtained results of 0.562 with p value=0.000 < α:0.05, so it can be concluded that the anxiety of the Covid-19 pandemic has a relationship with delays in breastfeeding for postpartum mothers at the Antang Perumnas City Health Center. Makassar and the degree of correlation are at a moderate level. So it is advisable for health service providers to always provide information or socialization to postpartum mothers regarding the transmission of Covid-19.
Peran Gender dalam Pemilihan Penolong Persalinan
Authors: Nurdin Nurfadila , Saadong Djuhadiah , Subriah Subriah , Ningsi Agustina
Published: January 2022

Gender is the differences between men and women constructed socially and culturally related to roles, behaviors, and characteristics, which are considered appropriate for both and can be interchanged. The direct cause of maternal death is hemorrhage followed by hypertension in pregnancy and unassisted labor by health professionals. The study's aim is to determine the effect of gender roles in birth attendants elections at the Lancirang Health Center in Sidrap Regency. The research method is an analytic survey with a cross-sectional approach and sampling using purposive sampling of as many as 30 respondents. The Research was conducted in February – May 2021 using a data collection format. Analyzation using Multiple Linear Regression = 0.05. The results showed 18 (60%) mothers with gender roles in the 'good' category, 12 (40%) mothers with gender roles in the 'poor' category, 21 (70%) respondents chose the correct birth attendant, and there were 9 (30 %) respondents who chose the incorrect birth attendant. The statistical tests result has shown that gender roles influenced the selection of birth attendants with a P-value = 0.006. Thus can be concluded that gender roles affect the birth attendant election in the Lancirang Health Center Work Area, Sidrap Regency.
Rozdzióbią nas kruki, wrony…, czyli Powstanie Styczniowe na ziemiach igołomsko-wawrzeńczyckiego powiśla / We will be pecked by ravens, crows…, or the January Uprising in the Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce region on the Vistula River
Authors: Kozik Jerzy Stanisław
Published: January 2022

The presented chapter describes the events that took place in the area of Igołomia and Wawrzeńczyce during the January Uprising of 1863–1864. These lands, being the southernmost part of the Russian Empire, bordering the Austrian Empire, witnessed in the first year of the uprising of a series of skirmishes of varying intensity. The main part of the study focuses on the presentation of military events, including the causes and courses of two battles fought at Igołomia in March and May 1863. Much space in particular is devoted to the second battle of Igołomia, from May 4, 1863, whose significance goes far beyond the issues of local history. An equally important part of the article is an attempt to present the attitudes of the peasant population towards the insurgent events of 1863–1864. Discussion of this issue was preceded by a brief description of the socio-economic situation of the former Miechów district in the pre-uprising period, with particular emphasis on the lands of the today commune of Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce. The paper also presents the figures of two local farmers involved in activities for insurgents, an exception in the context of the general indifference of this social layer towards the idea of an uprising.
Percepciones y conocimientos de los actores potenciales de la vigilancia comunitaria sobre la desnutrición aguda, en la población indígena de La Guajira, 2016
Authors: Rengifo Reina Herney Alonso , Sánchez Dora Yurany , Madero Reales Javier Alberto , González Jhon Jairo , Rodríguez Reyes Andrea Jineth , Sáenz Duran Shirley
Published: January 2022

Introducción: La desnutrición aguda afecta principalmente a la población infantil. El riesgo de muerte de los niños que viven en condiciones vulnerables es superior respecto a infantes que viven en condiciones normales. La identificación de este evento debe realizarse de manera oportuna para evitar desenlaces fatales. Objetivo: Identificar la percepción y los conocimientos sobre la desnutrición aguda en menores de cinco años de las comunidades indígenas de la Alta Guajira.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio mixto con herramientas cuali-cuantitativas. Se desarrolló un estudio de corte transversal. La información se recolectó a través de una encuesta de caracterización de actores. Con herramientas cualitativas (grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad) se buscó identificar factores propios de las comunidades de La Guajira para orientar la comprensión de las experiencias que se viven en torno al proceso de desnutrición en el contexto de las diferentes realidades de los indígenas Wayuu.
Resultados: Se visitaron 94 comunidades ubicadas en los municipios de Uribía, Maicao, Manaure y Riohacha en las que se identificaron 310 actores. Entre las causas de desnutrición que las comunidades indicaron se identificó la escasez y no disponibilidad de alimentos con 36,5 %, seguido de aspectos como la sequía y el desempleo con 14,1 % y 12,9 %, respectivamente.
Conclusiones. Existen tradiciones culturales que pueden dificultar el manejo y la identificación de la desnutrición aguda en la comunidad indígena de La Guajira que deben ser consideradas al abordar este problema de salud pública en la región. Palabras clave: Conocimiento, Desnutrición Infantil, Desnutrición, Población Indígena, La Guajira.
Productos del curso de primera línea –Frontline- Chocó, 2018
Authors: Rentería Bejarano Martha , Torres Sandra Johanna , Mosquera Cordoba Miladys , Santos Mosquera Daicy , Copete Primi Cecilia , Zambrano Hernández Pilar , León Velasco Paola
Published: January 2022

Introducción: el curso de Primera línea –Frontline-, del Programa de Entrenamiento en Epidemiología de Campo liderado por el Instituto Nacional de Colombia, tiene como objetivo proporcionar habilidades de análisis epidemiológico para dar respuesta a la vigilancia de eventos de importancia en salud pública o interés internacional. El objetivo es presentar los resultados del trabajo de campo del talento humano certificado recientemente en el departamento del Chocó.
Materiales y métodos: se seleccionaron tres pro- ductos destacados desarrollados de acuerdo con los lineamientos del curso en cuanto a vigilancia, investigación de casos, investigación de brotes y habilidades de comunicación para el personal de vigilancia en salud pública de los niveles locales del país.
Resultados: este número contiene tres informes realizados durante el curso de primera línea –Frontline- del departamento del Chocó. Un caso de fiebre amarilla, un brote de malaria en Sapzurro y un brote de ETA en Río Quito.
Discusión: es importante fortalecer la vigilancia en salud pública y fomentar la producción y el intercambio de conocimiento como insumo para los procesos de toma de decisiones en el nivel local, con el fin de impactar favorablemente la calidad de vida de estas poblaciones.
Resultados de la vigilancia intensificada de lesiones por pólvora pirotécnica. Colombia, primero de diciembre 2017 al 13 de enero 2018
Authors: González Toloza Nidia Esperanza , Blandón Rodríguez Ana María , Díaz Gómez Alejandra del Pilar , Huguett Claudia Marcela , Buitrago Puentes Alexander , Forero González Martha Ligia , Casallas Bedoya Victor Eduardo , Sanabria Merchán Yobanny Alexi , Quijada Bonilla Hernán , Prieto Alvarado Franklyn Edwin
Published: January 2022

Introducción
La fabricación, almacenamiento, transporte, comercialización, manipulación y uso inadecuado de la pólvora son prácticas que pueden ocasionar lesiones como quemaduras, amputaciones, e incluso la muerte. La incidencia de lesiones por pólvora en Colombia aumenta en los meses de diciembre y enero en relación con las fiestas de navidad y fin de año.
Objetivo: divulgar los resultados de la vigilancia intensificada de lesiones por pólvora pirotécnica realizada en Colombia del primero de diciembre de 2017 al 13 de enero de 2018.
Metodología
Informe descriptivo de los resultados de la vigilancia intensificada de lesiones por pólvora realizada del primero de diciembre de 2017 al 13 de enero de 2018. Población de estudio: 781 casos de lesiones por pólvora pirotécnica notificados al Sivigila. Plan de análisis: análisis de tendencia, cálculo de frecuencias y proporción de incidencia (denominadores proyecciones de población DANE 2017).
casos de lesiones por pólvora, una reducción de 11 % comparado con el periodo 2016-2017. Por grupo de edad la disminución fue de 22,3 % en <18 años, y de 2,4 % en >18 años. La incidencia general del evento en el país fue de 1,6 casos /100.000 habitantes. Las lesiones que se presentaron con mayor frecuencia fueron: quemaduras (92,1 %) y laceraciones (63,9 %), se presentó un aumento de 34,8% en las amputaciones, con respecto a lo observado en el periodo anterior.
Conclusiones
Durante el periodo de vigilancia intensificada de lesiones por pólvora 2017-2018, se observó la reducción más importante en el número de lesionados de los últimos cinco años, dada principalmente por la disminución de los lesionados en el grupo de menores de edad.
Es importante continuar fortaleciendo la información, educación, y comunicación respecto a medidas preventivas, así como el, control de la producción, venta y manipulación de pólvora pirotécnica en el territorio nacional, ya que estas acciones han permitido la reducción en el número de l lesionados por pólvora pirotécnica en el país.
Violencia en gestantes en Colombia: evidencias de la vigilancia de la violencia de género, 2012 - 2017
Authors: Cortés Molano Natalí Paola
Published: January 2022

Introducción: La violencia produce múltiples problemas de salud a nivel individual y colectivo. En las gestantes este evento es más impactante por las consecuencias que genera, no sólo para la embarazada, sino para el feto o recién nacido. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las características demográficas, sociales y epidemiológicas de la violencia en gestantes en Colombia, del 2012 al 2017.
Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de casos notificados al Sivigila, del evento violencia de género e intrafamiliar (2012 – 2017) en gestantes. Las variables analizadas fueron grupo de edad, aseguramiento, pertenencia étnica, hospitalización, condición final, departamento de procedencia, modalidad de violencia, parentesco con la víctima, mecanismo utilizado y atención en salud. Se depuró la base de datos, se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y dispersión y análisis de comportamientos inusuales.
Resultados: Se notificaron 433.083 casos de violencia de género e intrafamiliar (5,9 % son gestantes). Casanare registra la razón de violencia en gestantes
más alta con 105 casos por mil nacidos vivos para 2017. El 50 % de los casos fueron mujeres de 10 a 19 años, el 80,9 % de casos de violencia sexual fue en menores de 14 años. La vivienda es el escenario donde se reporta el 79,3 % de los casos, el 18,8 % son estudiantes. La madre es la principal agresora por negligencia y abandono y la pareja en las demás modalidades de violencia. Para violencia sexual, que implica riesgo de ITS, se realizó profilaxis de VIH al 10,7 % de los casos.
Conclusiones: Se requiere continuar fortaleciendo la vigilancia del evento y las acciones de promoción y prevención en salud materna. Casanare ha mantenido en los últimos años la razón más alta de violencia en gestantes.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE FORMATION OF THE KINGDOM OF SERBS, CROATS AND SLOVENES: A HISTORICAL AND LEGAL STUDY
Authors:   MGIMO University, Moscow, Russian Federation, POLOVCHENKO KONSTANTIN , KLOCHKO ELENA , LEIBO YURI
Published: January 2022

More than a hundred years separate us from the time of the creation of the first Yugoslav state. At the same time, the ideas underlying its creation have even deeper historical roots. They are directly connected with the linguistic and cultural unity of the Yugoslav peoples, their desire to preserve their ethno-national identity in the conditions of the imperial oppression of the enslavers. The purpose of the research conducted in the article was to analyze the final stage of the formation of a common state of the Southern Slavs. The historical method was used as the main one, which allowed the author to trace the process of the formation of a unified Yugoslav state in the context of the historical realities of that time. In addition, the authors used a comparative method, which allowed him to study the specifics of the approaches of each of the peoples-actors of the unification process in a comparative way. According to the results of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that, despite the noble goal and the general aspiration of the Yugoslav peoples to create a common state, the conditions and procedure for its formation, as well as the unsatisfactory solution of the national question in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, became the subject of fundamental differences between the «Yugoslavs». It was these problems that later led to instability and internal conflicts on national grounds, which gradually destroyed the very essence of the unifying ideas.
RUSSIA AND TURKEY: HISTORICAL FEATURES OF INTERACTION AND PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION
Authors:   Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, SHANGARAEV RUSLAN , POSPELOV NIKITA
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article is to examine the history of bilateral relations until the beginning of the 21st century, thanks to the available information and based on an analysis of the actions of Moscow and Ankara, to assess the prospects for the transition to Russian-Turkish relations in the next few years. The modern world order, which arose at the end of the 20th century due to the collapse of the Yalta-Potsdam system and called «polycentricity», is an urgent problem in the scientific community (i.e, among analysts, scientists and experts). The foreign policy of this or that country has a significant impact on the development of geopolitical processes. As you know, Russia and Turkey play a key role in the international arena. This is evidenced by the holding of meetings of the Presidents and Foreign Ministers to resolve the conflict in Syria, the achievement of mutual understanding by Moscow and Ankara through the implementation of joint energy projects, the participation of the two countries in ensuring security in Central Asia and the Caucasus. At the same time, the prospects for Russian-Turkish cooperation are in the focus of attention of orientalists and Turkologists, and the presence of numerous publications makes it possible to determine their points of view on this issue.
Формування громадського та наукового світогляду А. Яковліва
Authors: Токар Наталія
Published: January 2022

У статті розглядаються фактори та процеси, які сприяли становленню А. Яковліва як потужного українського науковця, громадського та політичного діяча. Основна увага приділена вивченню студентських років подвижника. Охарактеризовано особливості його навчання у Дерптському (Тартуському) університеті та вплив на коло його наукових інтересів професора М. Дьяконова. Досліджено й уточнено доробок А. Яковліва у галузі археологічних досліджень. Особливе місце відведено висвітленню взаємовідносин А. Яковліва та Ф. Матушевського в їхні студентські роки й аналізу діяльності створеної ними Дорпатської української студентської громади.
Політичний терор проти учасників українського національно-визвольного руху в Первомайському та Вознесенському повітах у січні 1921 р. – березні 1922 р.: джерелознавчий аспект
Authors: Шишко Олександр
Published: January 2022

Протоколи засідань Одеської губернської надзвичайної комісії (ОГНК), архівно-слідчі справи, які знаходяться на тимчасовому зберіганні в архівному підрозділі Управління Служби безпеки України в Одеській області, та матеріали періодичних видань слугують важливим джерелом для дослідження політичного терору проти учасників українського національно-визвольного руху в Первомайському та Вознесенському повітах Одеської губернії у 1921-1922 рр. Серед цих матеріалів особливе місце посідає справа Вознесенської підпільної петлюрівської організації, у результаті ліквідації якої, згідно рішення колегії ОГНК, було розстріляно 54 особи, 69 – ув’язнено до концтабору на термін від одного до п’яти років, 30 – звільнено, стосовно 64 осіб справу було припинено, а стосовно семи осіб було прийнято інші покарання та рішення.
Історичний розвиток Благовіщенського монастиря в селі Bedőháza (Бедевля) у світлі нових архівних документів
Authors: Данилець Юрій , Монич Олександр , Керецман Надія
Published: January 2022

У статті досліджується історичний розвиток Благовіщенського монастиря у селі Бедевля Тячівського району Закарпатської області. Огляд історіографічного матеріалу свідчить про обмежену наявність джерел по даній тематиці. Нововиявлені архівні матеріали Держархіву Закарпатської області значно доповнюють існуючу документальну базу та суттєво заповнюють існуючі білі плями в історії монастиря. Це значно корегує сталі висновки та дозволяє розширити тематичне коло досліджень чернецтва у комітаті Мараморош.

У статті, на основі нових джерел, предметно досліджуються окремі аспекти діяльності обителі в XVIII-XIX століттях. Близько десятка архівних джерел вводяться до наукового обігу вперше.
Допомога іноземних благодійних організацій у справі налагодження харчування дітей у роки штучного масового голоду 1921-1923 рр.
Authors: Шугальова Інна
Published: January 2022

Метою статті є аналіз ролі іноземних благодійних організацій у справі налагодження харчування голодуючих дітей у роки масового штучного голоду 1921-1923 рр. Виходячи з окресленої мети, проаналізовано в якому обсязі надавалася допомога від іноземних благодійних громадських організацій; з’ясовано обсяги наданої допомоги у справі налагодження дитячого харчування та визначено якість продуктів, які використовувалися для годування дітей і приготування для них їжі.

У висновках нашого дослідження, ми довели, що допомога, яка надавалася благодійними й іноземними організаціями охопила лише 15% голодуючих дітей. Втім вона полегшила напружену ситуацію в Україні.
Діяльність уповноважених та активістів у ході організації Голодомору-геноциду на Київщині та Чернігівщині у 1932-1933 роках
Authors: Стасюк Олеся
Published: January 2022

Мета дослідження: аналіз прикладів боротьби активістів та уповноважених з хлібозаготівель з «куркульським елементом» під час Голодомору-геноциду 1932-1933 рр. у Київській і Чернігівській областях, використовуючи матеріали районної періодики тих років. Методологія ґрунтується на принципах історизму, об’єктивності та системності. Використано методику джерелознавчого аналізу періодичної преси, а також загальноісторичні методи: історико-генетичний, ретроспективний, історико-типологічний.

Наукова новизна. На основі широкого спектру матеріалів періодики обґрунтовано деструктивну роль активістів та уповноважених у боротьбі з «куркульським елементом» при хлібозаготівлях, що призвело до Голодомору-геноциду у вказаних регіонах.

Висновки. Зазначено, що одним із головних, і як виявилось доволі ефективних, інструментів політтехнології комуністичного режиму були групи сільських «активістів», виконавців та уповноважених, які вдавалися до цілого арсеналу методів у боротьбі з «куркулями» та «куркульським елементом», виконуючи злочинні норми хлібозаготівлі. Якщо з «куркулями» ситуація була зрозумілою, – абсолютно штучний образ ворога, який накладався у межах масової пропагандистської кампанії на селян-господарників, то куди цікавішою є ситуація з так званим «куркульським елементом», до якого комуністична влада зараховувала зрадників, саботажників і дезертирів з числа сільського активу, що відмовлялися виконувати злочинні норми хлібозаготівель. Їх ідентифікували як «полигачів» і посібників «куркулів», які підлягають громадському осуду, вилученню з партії та засудженню на різні терміни позбавлення волі в залежності від ступеня вини. З’ясовано, що комуністична влада, використовуючи районну періодику, прямо вказувала та виявляла подібних «куркульських агентів з партійними квитками», на базі методу акцентування на персональних і локальних факторах, протиставляючи їм «ударні» елементи, до яких відносили окремі постаті, бригади та села, які виконували та перевиконували хлібозаготівлі.
Євроатлантична інтеграція України: становлення, розвиток і перспективи
Authors: Смілянець Валентина
Published: January 2022

У статті розглянуто процес становлення двосторонніх відносин між Україною та НАТО. Висвітлено особливості розвитку взаємовідносин України з НАТО в умовах позаблокового стану України та розглянуто форми участі нашої країни у міжнародних заходах із забезпечення європейської безпеки. Проаналізовано прагнення України набути членство в НАТО і стан взаємовідносин в умовах російсько-української війни. Визначено деякі перспективи майбутнього членства в НАТО для України. Зроблено висновок про те, що членство України в НАТО може бути оптимальним рішенням у сфері захисту національних інтересів держави.
Політика Франції у сфері врегулювання проблеми нелегальної міграції
Authors: Вовчук Людмила , Авдюшкіна Інна
Published: January 2022

Стаття присвячена висвітленню політики Франції у сфері врегулювання проблеми нелегальної міграції, яка відіграла важливу роль у політичній трансформації країни та держав ЄС в цілому. Світова фінансово-економічна криза 2009 р., конфліктогенність у країнах третього світу внесла серйозні «корективи» у процес нелегальної міграції до європейських країн, яка упродовж наступних років переросла у важко контрольований процес, який наразі є серйозним дестабілізуючим фактором безпеки цілого регіону. Упродовж останніх п’ятнадцяти років міграційна політика ЄС суттєво змінилася та набула нового змісту. Однак, як показує приклад боротьби Франції з нелегальною міграцією, зробити це одному а́ктору надзвичайно важко, оскільки дана проблема має вже не національний, а міжнародний характер.
Legacy Effects of Contrasting Long-Term Integrated Weed Management Systems
Authors: Cordeau Stéphane , Baudron Auxence , Busset Hugues , Farcy Pascal , Vieren Eric , Smith Richard G. , Munier-Jolain Nicolas , Adeux Guillaume
Published: January 2022

To reduce reliance on herbicides and maintain crop productivity, integrated weed management (IWM) seeks to optimize synergies between diverse sets of weed management practices combined at the cropping system scale. Nevertheless, data on weed community response to the long-term implementation of IWM practices remain scare. Here, we assessed the effects of four IWM systems with contrasting objectives and practices (S2: transition from superficial tillage to conservation agriculture; S3: no-mechanical weeding; S4: mixed mechanical and chemical weeding; S5: herbicide-free; all with 6 year rotations) compared to a conventional reference (S1: herbicide-based with systematic plowing and a 3 year rotation) on taxonomic and functional weed community composition and structure after 17 years of continuous implementation. We examined the legacy effects of these systems with a uniformity trial consisting of winter wheat managed uniformly across the systems as well as with a novel in situ weed seedbank approach involving tilled strips. We found that resulting weed communities in IWM systems were more species rich (species richness from 1.1 to 2.6 times greater) and more abundant (total density from 3.3 to 25 times greater) than those observed in the reference system, and differed in term of taxonomic and functional composition. In addition, we found that, when systems shared the same weed species, germination patterns of two thirds of the species differed between systems, highlighting the selection pressures some IWM practices exert on weeds. We showed that analyzing the superficial germinable seedbank in situ with tilled strips could provide a comprehensive view of resulting weed communities and be helpful in developing cropping systems that foster agroecological weed management.
Inhalant Mammal-Derived Lipocalin Allergens and the Innate Immunity
Authors: Virtanen Tuomas
Published: January 2022

A major part of important mammalian respiratory allergens belongs to the lipocalin family of proteins. By this time, 19 respiratory mammalian lipocalin allergens have been registered in the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Database. Originally, lipocalins, small extracellular proteins (molecular mass ca. 20 kDa), were characterized as transport proteins but they are currently known to exert a variety of biological functions. The three-dimensional structure of lipocalins is well-preserved, and lipocalin allergens can exhibit high amino acid identities, in several cases more than 50%. Lipocalins contain an internal ligand-binding site where they can harbor small principally hydrophobic molecules. Another characteristic feature is their capacity to bind to specific cell-surface receptors. In all, the physicochemical properties of lipocalin allergens do not offer any straightforward explanations for their allergenicity. Allergic sensitization begins at epithelial barriers where diverse insults through pattern recognition receptors awaken innate immunity. This front-line response is manifested by epithelial barrier-associated cytokines which together with other components of immunity can initiate the sensitization process. In the following, the crucial factor in allergic sensitization is interleukin (IL)-4 which is needed for stabilizing and promoting the type 2 immune response. The source for IL-4 has been searched widely. Candidates for it may be non-professional antigen-presenting cells, such as basophils or mast cells, as well as CD4+ T cells. The synthesis of IL-4 by CD4+ T cells requires T cell receptor engagement, i.e., the recognition of allergen peptides, which also provides the specificity for sensitization. Lipocalin and innate immunity-associated cell-surface receptors are implicated in facilitating the access of lipocalin allergens into the immune system. However, the significance of this for allergic sensitization is unclear, as the recognition by these receptors has been found to produce conflicting results. As to potential adjuvants associated with mammalian lipocalin allergens, the hydrophobic ligands transported by lipocalins have not been reported to enhance sensitization while it is justified to suppose that lipopolysaccharide plays a role in it. Taken together, type 2 immunity to lipocalin allergens appears to be a harmful immune response resulting from a combination of signals involving both the innate and adaptive immunities.
Morphology-Based Deep Learning Approach for Predicting Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Lan Yiqing , Huang Nannan , Fu Yiru , Liu Kehao , Zhang He , Li Yuzhou , Yang Sheng
Published: January 2022

Early, high-throughput, and accurate recognition of osteogenic differentiation of stem cells is urgently required in stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. In this study, we established an automatic deep learning algorithm, i.e., osteogenic convolutional neural network (OCNN), to quantitatively measure the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). rBMSCs stained with F-actin and DAPI during early differentiation (day 0, 1, 4, and 7) were captured using laser confocal scanning microscopy to train OCNN. As a result, OCNN successfully distinguished differentiated cells at a very early stage (24 h) with a high area under the curve (AUC) (0.94 ± 0.04) and correlated with conventional biochemical markers. Meanwhile, OCNN exhibited better prediction performance compared with the single morphological parameters and support vector machine. Furthermore, OCNN successfully predicted the dose-dependent effects of small-molecule osteogenic drugs and a cytokine. OCNN-based online learning models can further recognize the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs cultured on several material surfaces. Hence, this study initially demonstrated the foreground of OCNN in osteogenic drug and biomaterial screening for next-generation tissue engineering and stem cell research.
Improved Release of Monosaccharides and Ferulic Acid Using Enzyme Blends From Aspergillus Niger and Eupenicillium Parvum
Authors: Liu Zhenghui , Shi Enze , Ma Feng , Zhou Xin , Jiang Kankan
Published: January 2022

Supplementing commercial xylanase and cellulase with selected debranching enzymes only resulted in slight enhancement of the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat bran autohydrolysis residues (WBAR) which was obtained at 160°C over a 30-min period of autohdyrolysis, while a blend of enzymes from Aspergillus niger and Eupenicillium parvum achieved synergistic efficacy in this context. Using an equal mixture blend of these enzymes at a 0.5% (w/w) enzyme loading dosage with the addition of ferulic acid esterase (1 U/g substrate), the obtained hydrolysis yields were desirable, including 84.98% of glucose, 84.74% of xylose, 80.24% of arabinose, and 80.86% of ferulic acid. Following further separation using an HP-20 resin, the final ferulic acid recovery levels were as high as 62.5% of the esterified ferulic acid present within the initial WBAR input. Together, these data suggest that a combination of autohydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis using crude enzyme blends can efficiently achieve wheat bran enzymatic saccharification and associated ferulic acid release.
Mitogen Synergy: An Emerging Route to Boosting Human Beta Cell Proliferation
Authors: Shcheglova Ekaterina , Blaszczyk Katarzyna , Borowiak Malgorzata
Published: January 2022

Decreased number and function of beta cells are a key aspect of diabetes mellitus (diabetes), a disease that remains an onerous global health problem. Means of restoring beta cell mass are urgently being sought as a potential cure for diabetes. Several strategies, such asde novobeta cell derivation via pluripotent stem cell differentiation or mature somatic cell transdifferentiation, have yielded promising results. Beta cell expansion is another promising strategy, rendered challenging by the very low proliferative capacity of beta cells. Many effective mitogens have been identified in rodents, but the vast majority do not have similar mitogenic effects in human beta cells. Extensive research has led to the identification of several human beta cell mitogens, but their efficacy and specificity remain insufficient. An approach based on the simultaneous application of several mitogens has recently emerged and can yield human beta cell proliferation rates of up to 8%. Here, we discuss recent advances in restoration of the beta cell population, focusing on mitogen synergy, and the contribution of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to accelerating the elucidation of signaling pathways in proliferating beta cells and the discovery of novel mitogens. Together, these approaches have taken beta cell research up a level, bringing us closer to a cure for diabetes.
Lipoprotein(a), a Lethal Player in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Hu Jiahui , Lei Hao , Liu Leiling , Xu Danyan
Published: January 2022

Calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular cardiovascular disease with increasing incidence and mortality. The primary treatment for CAVD is surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement and there remains a lack of effective drug treatment. Recently, lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) has been considered to play a crucial role in CAVD pathophysiology. Multiple studies have shown that Lp(a) represents an independent risk factor for CAVD. Moreover, Lp(a) mediates the occurrence and development of CAVD by affecting aortic valve endothelial dysfunction, indirectly promoting foam cell formation through oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), inflammation, oxidative stress, and directly promotes valve calcification. However, there is a lack of clinical trials with Lp(a) reduction as a primary endpoint. This review aims to explore the relationship and mechanism between Lp(a) and CAVD, and focuses on the current drugs that can be used as potential therapeutic targets for CAVD.
The Expression Pattern of Hypoxia-Related Genes Predicts the Prognosis and Mediates Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yuan Ye , Tan Lulu , Wang Liping , Zou Danyi , Liu Jia , Lu Xiaohuan , Fu Daan , Wang Guobin , Wang Lin , Wang Zheng
Published: January 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, due to the heterogeneity of CRC, the clinical therapy outcomes differ among patients. There is a need to identify predictive biomarkers to efficiently facilitate CRC treatment and prognosis.

Methods: The expression profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to identify cancer hallmarks associated with CRC outcomes. An accurate gene signature based on the prognosis related cancer hallmarks was further constructed.

Results: Hypoxia was identified to be the primary factor that could influence CRC outcomes. Sixteen hypoxia-related genes were selected to construct a risk gene signature (HGS) associated with individuals’ prognosis, which was validated in three independent cohorts. Further, stromal and immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) were found to be associated with hypoxia. Finally, among the 16 hypoxia-related genes, six genes (DCBLD2, PLEC, S100A11, PLAT, PPAP2B and LAMC2) were identified as the most attributable ones to drug resistance.

Conclusion: HGS can accurately predict CRC prognosis. The expression of the drug resistance-related genes is critical in CRC treatment decision-making.
Synthesis of N-Heteroarenemethyl Esters via C–C Bond Cleavage of Acyl Cyanides Under Transition Metal-Free Conditions
Authors: Lai Miao , Su Fangyao , Hu Jingyi , Wang Mengzhuo , Zhao Mingqin , Zhang Ganlin
Published: January 2022

A practical method to synthesize N-heteroaryl esters from N-heteroaryl methanols with acyl cyanides via C–C bond cleavage without using any transition metal is demonstrated here. The use of Na2CO3/15-crown-5 couple enables access to a series of N-heteroaryl esters in high efficiency. This protocol is operationally simple and highly environmentally benign producing only cyanides as byproducts.
Nominal Word Order Typology in Signed Languages
Authors: Coons Caitie
Published: January 2022

Although spoken language nominal typology has been subject to much scrutiny, research on signed language nominal word order typology is still a burgeoning field. Yet, the structure of signed languages has important implications for the understanding of language as a human faculty, in addition to the types of universals that may exist across the world’s languages and the influence of language modality on linguistic structure. This study examines the order of nouns and attributive modifiers (adjectives, numerals, demonstratives, quantifiers, genitives, and relative clauses) in 41 signed languages, which span national and village signed languages from various lineages and geographic regions. Despite previous typological research on clausal phenomena indicating that the clausal structure of signed languages differs systematically from spoken languages (Napoli and Sutton-Spence, 2014, among others), the results of this survey indicate that signed language nominal word order typology is strikingly similar to spoken languages in several ways: 1) the most common word orders in spoken languages are also common in signed languages, 2) the uncommon word orders in spoken languages are also uncommon in signed languages, but are attested, unlike uncommon major constituent orders, and 3) the relative ranking of word order strategies, particularly relative clauses, is similar across signed and spoken languages.
Unifying Physical Interaction, Linguistic Communication, and Language Acquisition of Cognitive Agents by Minimalist Grammars
Authors: Römer Ronald , beim Graben Peter , Huber-Liebl Markus , Wolff Matthias
Published: January 2022

Cognitive agents that act independently and solve problems in their environment on behalf of a user are referred to as autonomous. In order to increase the degree of autonomy, advanced cognitive architectures also contain higher-level psychological modules with which needs and motives of the agent are also taken into account and with which the behavior of the agent can be controlled. Regardless of the level of autonomy, successful behavior is based on interacting with the environment and being able to communicate with other agents or users. The agent can use these skills to learn a truthful knowledge model of the environment and thus predict the consequences of its own actions. For this purpose, the symbolic information received during the interaction and communication must be converted into representational data structures so that they can be stored in the knowledge model, processed logically and retrieved from there. Here, we firstly outline a grammar-based transformation mechanism that unifies the description of physical interaction and linguistic communication and on which the language acquisition is based. Specifically, we use minimalist grammar (MG) for this aim, which is a recent computational implementation of generative linguistics. In order to develop proper cognitive information and communication technologies, we are using utterance meaning transducers (UMT) that are based on semantic parsers and a mental lexicon, comprising syntactic and semantic features of the language under consideration. This lexicon must be acquired by a cognitive agent during interaction with its users. To this aim we outline a reinforcement learning algorithm for the acquisition of syntax and semantics of English utterances. English declarative sentences are presented to the agent by a teacher in form of utterance meaning pairs (UMP) where the meanings are encoded as formulas of predicate logic. Since MG codifies universal linguistic competence through inference rules, thereby separating innate linguistic knowledge from the contingently acquired lexicon, our approach unifies generative grammar and reinforcement learning, hence potentially resolving the still pending Chomsky-Skinner controversy.
Preoperative Creatinine Clearance and Mortality of Elective Cardiac Surgery in Hospitalization: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Chen Lu , He Yan , Song Kai , Zhang Bingqian , Liu Lin
Published: January 2022

Objective

It has been reported that poor renal function before surgery is related to poor prognosis. However, there is no specific discussion on the ideal value of preoperative creatinine clearance. Consequently, our primary goal is to explore the correlation between baseline creatinine clearance and short-term mortality after cardiac surgery.

Methods

We conducted a secondary data analysis based on a French cardiac surgery cohort. The cohort included 6,889 participants in a Paris university hospital from December 2005 to December 2012. The exposure variable and outcome variable used in this secondary analysis were the preoperative creatinine clearance rate and postoperative hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression and generalized additive models were employed.

Results

The nonlinear relationship between the preoperative creatinine clearance rate and postoperative death was observed in this study. The preoperative creatinine clearance rate was negatively correlated with postoperative mortality in the range of 8.9–78.5 in patients younger than 80 years old (odds ratio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.97–0.98, in Cockcroft Gault formulae). However, this effect characteristics reaches saturation after the preoperative creatinine clearance rate exceeds 78.5 (odds ratio = 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.98–1.00, CG). In patients with history of thromboembolic event and coronary artery disease, the saturation effect were 30.8 mL.min−1 (CG) and 56.6 mL.min−1(CG).

Conclusion

In the range of 8.9–78.5 (Cockcroft), an increase in preoperative creatinine clearance is associated with a decrease in postoperative mortality with patients younger than 80 years old. In patients with a history of embolism and coronary artery disease, the cut-off points of the reduction in preoperative creatinine clearance associated with a increase in postoperative mortality are 30.8 mL.min−1 and 56.6 mL.min−1.
Tolvaptan Add-on Therapy to Overcome Loop Diuretic Resistance in Acute Heart Failure With Renal Dysfunction (DR-AHF): Design and Rationale
Authors: Minh Nhat Giang , Hoang Hai Nguyen , Maeda Daichi , Matsue Yuya
Published: January 2022

Background

Diuretic Resistance in Acute Heart Failure (DR-AHF) was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the early tolvaptan (a vasopressin-2 receptor antagonist) add-on therapy in patients with AHF with renal dysfunction and to provide clinical evidence of loop diuretic resistance.

Methods and Results

This single-centered, open-labeled, randomized, and controlled trial enrolled 128 patients hospitalized with AHF, as participants. These patients with a wet-warm phenotype, whose estimated glomerular filtration rates are of ≥15 ml/min/1.73 m2 and ≤ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, with a cumulative urine output of <300 ml 2 h after the first dose of intravenous furosemide, will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive standard care with an uptitrating intravenous furosemide alone, or a combination therapy with 15 mg of tolvaptan administered once daily for 2 days. The standard furosemide treatment will follow the latest position statements of the Heart Failure Association. The primary endpoint is the cumulative urine output at 48 h. The key secondary endpoints include the improvement of fractional excretion of sodium at 6 h, the total dose of furosemide, and the incidence of worsening renal function (WRF) at 48 h.

Conclusions

Although the combination of diuretic treatment has recently gained more attention due to its physiologically synergistic action, its advantages may be outweighed by the substantial risk of electrolyte disturbances and severe WRF. Further, there is no consensus on the time point for early starting of add-on therapy and for the preferred diuretic combination.

Trial registration

NCT04331132.