bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Microbial Mats and Salt in Radioactive Paddy Soils in Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Tazaki Kazue , Shimojima Yasuhiro , Takehara Teruaki , Nakano Mikio
Published: December 2015

Coastal areas in Minami-soma City, Fukushima, Japan, were seriously damaged by radioactive contamination from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident that caused multiple pollution by tsunami and radionuclide exposure, after the Great East Japan Earthquake, on 11 March 2011. Some areas will remain no-go zones because radiation levels remain high. In Minami-soma, only 26 percent of decontamination work had been finished by the end of July in 2015. Here, we report the characterization of microbial mats and salt found on flooded paddy fields at Karasuzaki, Minami-soma City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan which have been heavily contaminated by radionuclides, especially by Cs (134Cs, 137Cs), 40K, Sr (89Sr, 90Sr), and 91 or 95Zr even though it is more than 30 km north of the FDNPP. We document the mineralogy, the chemistry, and the micro-morphology, using a combination of micro techniques. The microbial mats were found to consist of diatoms with mineralized halite and gypsum by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particular elements concentrated in microbial mats were detected using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The objective of this contribution is to illustrate the ability of various diatoms associated with minerals and microorganisms which are capable of absorbing both radionuclides and stable isotopes from polluted paddy soils in extreme conditions. Ge semiconductor analysis of the microbial mats detected 134Cs, 137Cs, and 40K without 131I in 2012 and in 2013. Quantitative analysis associated with the elemental content maps by SEM-EDS indicated the possibility of absorption of radionuclide and stable isotope elements from polluted paddy soils in Fukushima Prefecture. In addition, radionuclides were detected in solar salts made of contaminated sea water collected from the Karasuzaki ocean bath, Minami-soma, Fukushima in 2015, showing high Zr content associated with 137Cs and 40K without 131I. The results obtained here provide evidence of the ability of microorganisms to grow in this salty contaminated environment and to immobilize radionuclides. It is possible that the capability of radioactive immobilization can be used to counteract the disastrous effects of radionuclide-polluted paddy soils.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Study of Icariin and Icariside II in Rats
Authors: Cheng Tao , Zhang Yong , Zhang Tong , Lu Lu , Ding Yue , Zhao Yuan
Published: December 2015

To explore the pharmacokinetic properties of icariin (ICA) and icariside II (ICA II) following intragastric and intravenous administration in rats, a rapid and sensitive method by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of ICA and ICA II in rat plasma. The quantification was performed by using multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions m/z 677.1/531.1 for ICA, 515.1/369.1 for ICA II and 463.1/301.1 for diosmetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (IS). The assay showed linearity over the concentration range of 1.03–1032 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients of 0.9983 and 0.9977. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within 15%. The lower limit of quantification for both ICA and ICA II was 1.03 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery of ICA and ICA II was more than 86.2%. The LC-MS/MS method has been successfully used in the pharmacokinetic studies of ICA and ICA II in rats. The results indicated that 91.2% of ICA was transformed into ICA II after oral administration by rats, whereas only 0.4% of ICA was transformed into ICA II after intravenous administration. A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of ICA and ICA II after oral administration revealed that the Cmax and AUC0–t of ICA II were 3.8 and 13.0 times higher, respectively, than those of ICA. However, after intravenous administration, the Cmax and AUC0–t of ICA II were about only 12.1% and 4.2% of those of ICA. These results suggest that ICA and ICA II have distinct pharmacokinetic properties, and the insights obtained facilitate future pharmacological action studies.
Synthesis, Characterization and Reactions of (Azidoethynyl)trimethylsilane
Authors: Banert Klaus , Hagedorn Manfred , Wu Zhuang , Zeng Xiaoqing
Published: December 2015

Synthesis of azido(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (6) was performed by treating the iodonium salt 5 with highly soluble hexadecyltributylphosphonium azide (QN3) at −40 °C. Although this product is very unstable, it can nevertheless be trapped by the click reaction with cyclooctyne to give the corresponding 1,2,3-triazole, and also directly characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR data as well as IR-spectra, which were measured in solution at low temperature and in the gas phase. The thermal or photochemical decay of azide 6 leads to cyano(trimethylsilyl)carbene. This is demonstrated not only by quantum chemical calculations, but also by the trapping reactions with the help of isobutene.
Second International Congress on Chocolate and Cocoa in Medicine Held in Barcelona, Spain, 25–26th September 2015
Authors: Castell Margarida , Saldaña-Ruíz Sandra , Rodríguez-Lagunas Maria , Franch Àngels , Pérez-Cano Francisco
Published: December 2015

Cocoa powder is a product derived from the beans of the Theobroma cacao tree, which is considered a good source of fiber (26%–40%), proteins (15%–20%), carbohydrates (about 15%) and lipids (10%–24%; generally, 10%–12%).[...]
Greater Calcium Intake is Associated with Better Bone Health Measured by Quantitative Ultrasound of the Phalanges in Pediatric Patients Treated with Anticonvulsant Drugs
Authors: Vera Vicente , Moran Jose , Barros Patricia , Canal-Macias Maria , Guerrero-Bonmatty Rafael , Costa-Fernandez Carmen , Lavado-Garcia Jesus , Roncero-Martin Raul , Pedrera-Zamorano Juan
Published: December 2015

We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of chronic antiepileptic therapy on bone health in pediatric patients using quantitative ultrasound of the phalanges (QUS) and controlling for potential confounding factors, particularly nutrient intake. The amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS) was measured in 33 epileptic children and 32 healthy children aged 6.5 ± 3.1 and 6.3 ± 1.1 (mean ± SD) years, respectively. There were no significant differences in the demographics such as age, weight and height between epileptic children and the control group children. None of the children in the epileptic or the treatment group were found to have a vitamin D deficiency. There were no significant differences in laboratory tests between groups. Lower QUS figures were found in the epileptic children (p = 0.001). After further adjustment for potential confounders such age, height, weight, calcium intake, vitamin D intake, physical activity and sex, the differences remained significant (p < 0.001). After further classification of the participants based on the tertile of calcium intake, no significant differences were found between patients and healthy controls in the greatest tertile of calcium intake (p = 0.217). We conclude that anticonvulsant therapy using valproate may lead to low bone mass in children and that an adequate intake of calcium might counteract such deleterious effects.
Sustainable Assessment of Alternative Sites for the Construction of a Waste Incineration Plant by Applying WASPAS Method with Single-Valued Neutrosophic Set
Authors: Kazimieras Zavadskas Edmundas , Baušys Romualdas , Lazauskas Marius
Published: December 2015

The principles of sustainability have become particularly important in the construction, real estate maintenance sector, and all areas of life in recent years. The one of the major problem of urban territories that domestic and construction waste of generated products cannot be removed automatically. The above necessity induces the demand of systems and technologies for waste life cycle and proper disposal development. Siting of the waste incineration plant is a complex process, which includes all factors of sustainability principles. The selection of the construction area is a complex problem due to the existence of different tangible and intangible factors and the multiple alternatives available. Multicriteria decision-making methods (MCDM) present powerful and flexible techniques for the solution of many sustainability problems. In this paper, we propose a new extension of WASPAS method, namely WASPAS-SVNS. This extension is realized in the framework of the single-valued neutrosophic set that enables to represent and model the indeterminacy explicitly and the functions of the truth-membership, the indeterminacy-membership and the falsity-membership are not related to each other. The paper deals with the solution of the waste incineration plant siting problem due to the requirements of sustainability factors.
Assimilation, Accumulation, and Metabolism of Dinophysistoxins (DTXs) and Pectenotoxins (PTXs) in the Several Tissues of Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis
Authors: Matsushima Ryoji , Uchida Hajime , Nagai Satoshi , Watanabe Ryuichi , Kamio Michiya , Nagai Hiroshi , Kaneniwa Masaki , Suzuki Toshiyuki
Published: December 2015

Japanese scallops, Patinopecten yessoensis, were fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis fortii to elucidate the relative magnitude of assimilation, accumulation, and metabolism of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) and pectenotoxins (PTXs). Three individual scallops were separately exposed to cultured D. fortii for four days. The average cell number of D. fortii assimilated by each individual scallop was 7.7 × 105. Dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and their metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and the toxin content in individual tissues (digestive gland, adductor muscle, gill, gonad, mantle, and the others), feces and the seawater medium were quantified. Toxins were almost exclusively accumulated in the digestive gland with only low levels being detected in the gills, mantles, gonads, and adductor muscles. DTX1 and PTX2 were the dominant toxins in the D. fortii cells fed to the scallops, whereas the dominant toxins detected in the digestive gland of scallops were PTX6 and esterified acyl-O-DTX1 (DTX3). In other tissues PTX2 was the dominant toxin observed. The ratio of accumulated to assimilated toxins was 21%–39% and 7%–23% for PTXs and DTXs respectively. Approximately 54%–75% of PTX2 and 52%–70% of DTX1 assimilated by the scallops was directly excreted into the seawater mainly without metabolic transformation.
Phylloseptin-PBa—A Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Peptide from the Skin Secretion of the Peruvian Purple-Sided Leaf Frog (Phyllomedusa Baltea) Which Exhibits Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity
Authors: Wan Yuantai , Ma Chengbang , Zhou Mei , Xi Xinping , Li Lei , Wu Di , Wang Lei , Lin Chen , Lopez Juan , Chen Tianbao , Shaw Chris
Published: December 2015

Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin secretion display remarkable broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and are thus promising for the discovery of new antibiotics. In this study, we report a novel peptide belonging to the phylloseptin family of antimicrobial peptides, from the skin secretion of the purple-sided leaf frog, Phyllomedusa baltea, which was named Phylloseptin-PBa. Degenerate primers complementary to putative signal peptide sites of frog skin peptide precursor-encoding cDNAs were designed to interrogate a skin secretion-derived cDNA library from this frog. Subsequently, the peptide was isolated and identified using reverse phase HPLC and MS/MS fragmentation. The synthetic replicate was demonstrated to have activity against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans at concentrations of 8, 128 and 8 mg/L, respectively. In addition, it exhibited anti-proliferative activity against the human cancer cell lines, H460, PC3 and U251MG, but was less active against a normal human cell line (HMEC). Furthermore, a haemolysis assay was performed to assess mammalian cell cytotoxicity of Phylloseptin-PBa. This peptide contained a large proportion of α-helical domain, which may explain its antimicrobial and anticancer activities.
Chameleonic Theories: A Short Review
Authors: Zanzi Andrea
Published: December 2015

In the chameleon mechanism, a field (typically scalar) has a mass that depends on the matter density of the environment: the larger is the matter density, the larger is the mass of the chameleon. We briefly review some aspects of chameleonic theories. In particular, in a typical class of these theories, we discuss the lagrangian, the role of conformal transformations, the equation of motion and the thin-shell effect. We also discuss f ( R ) theories and chameleonic quantum gravity.
Identification of a New Ribonucleoside Inhibitor of Ebola Virus Replication
Authors: Reynard Olivier , Nguyen Xuan-Nhi , Alazard-Dany Nathalie , Barateau Véronique , Cimarelli Andrea , Volchkov Viktor
Published: December 2015

The current outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) in West Africa has claimed the lives of more than 15,000 people and highlights an urgent need for therapeutics capable of preventing virus replication. In this study we screened known nucleoside analogues for their ability to interfere with EBOV replication. Among them, the cytidine analogue β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) demonstrated potent inhibitory activities against EBOV replication and spread at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Thus, NHC constitutes an interesting candidate for the development of a suitable drug treatment against EBOV.
Uncertainty Analysis of Multi-Model Flood Forecasts
Authors: Plate Erich , Shahzad Khurram
Published: December 2015

This paper demonstrates, by means of a systematic uncertainty analysis, that the use of outputs from more than one model can significantly improve conditional forecasts of discharges or water stages, provided the models are structurally different. Discharge forecasts from two models and the actual forecasted discharge are assumed to form a three-dimensional joint probability density distribution (jpdf), calibrated on long time series of data. The jpdf is decomposed into conditional probability density distributions (cpdf) by means of Bayes formula, as suggested and explored by Krzysztofowicz in a series of papers. In this paper his approach is simplified to optimize conditional forecasts for any set of two forecast models. Its application is demonstrated by means of models developed in a study of flood forecasting for station Stung Treng on the middle reach of the Mekong River in South-East Asia. Four different forecast models were used and pairwise combined: forecast with no model, with persistence model, with a regression model, and with a rainfall-runoff model. Working with cpdfs requires determination of dependency among variables, for which linear regressions are required, as was done by Krzysztofowicz. His Bayesian approach based on transforming observed probability distributions of discharges and forecasts into normal distributions is also explored. Results obtained with his method for normal prior and likelihood distributions are identical to results from direct multiple regressions. Furthermore, it is shown that in the present case forecast accuracy is only marginally improved, if Weibull distributed basic data were converted into normally distributed variables.
La forêt gauloise dans le Nord de la Gaule Belgique : enquête palynologique préliminaire
Authors: Munaut André-Valentin
Published: December 2015

Verscheidene auteurs verrichtten voorafgaandelijk palynologisch onderzoek betreffende een dertigtal archeologische sites, verspreid over het Noordelijk deel van België en van Frankrijk.

De meester onder hen roepen het beeld op van landschappen die tijdens het Ijzertijdperk en de Gallo-Romeinse période ontbost waren. De vraag van de natuurwetenschapper of het Gallische Woud «Mythe» is of « Werkelijkheid» ? kan slechts opgelost worden door een bredere en diepgaandere informatie.
Recherches archéologiques à Bavay, I-II
Authors: Hanoune Roger , Muller Arthur
Published: December 2015

Kritisch heronderzoek, vôôr het hernemen van de archeologische opgravingen, van de documentatie betreffende het oostelijk gelegen gebouw op het Forum van Bavay en van zijn zeer geloofwaardige interpretatie als zou het om een «basilica» gaan : afbakening van de toekomstige hoofdlijnen van het archeologisch en architecturaal onderzoek.
Inscriptions latines de Bavay
Authors: Dupuis Xavier
Published: December 2015

Het klasseren van de reserves van het archeologisch museum van Bavay, reeds enkele jaren geleden begonnen op initiatief van zijn conservator M. J.-C. Carmelez, heeft het mogelijk gemaakt een onuitgegeven grafschrift terug te vinden ; een in 1954 reeds aangestipt, maar niet gepubliceerd stuk met inscriptie dat behoort tot een inscriptie van een groot mausoleum ; en een derde fragment van de inscriptie ILTG 362 waarvan de voorstelling wellicht kan verbeterd worden.

Het raadplegen van het handschrift 3799 van de Bibliotheek van het Instituut te Parijs liet toe het bestaan te ontdekken van een klein fragment van een opschrift, verloren gegaan sinds 1825.

Bij het nagaan tenslotte van de ingaande stukken in de registers van het museum van Douai bleek dat CIL XIII 3568 toegeschreven aan Bavay sinds het einde van de vorige eeuw, waarschijnlijk een inscriptie is van Afrikaanse oorsprong.
Boulogne antique : Gesoriacum et Bononia.
Authors: Le Bourdellès Hubert
Published: December 2015

L'auteur montre que les deux noms de Gesoriacum et Bononia sont attestés simultanément dès le premier siècle de notre ère : ils doivent désigner deux quartiers différents de Boulogne. L'histoire et les textes ne permettent pas de choisir lequel représente la ville haute, lequel la ville basse. La toponymie comparée autorise à voir en Bononia le quartier bas, dont le nom a subsisté en raison de l'importance du port. Précision importante pour l'histoire du port «britannique».
La collection Louis Théry à Lille (Deuxième partie)
Authors: Révillion Stéphane , Delmaire Bernard
Published: December 2015

Sinds het verschijnen van het le deel van het werk werden meerdere voorwerpen en documenten teruggevonden in de woning van Louis Théry (1864- 1949).

Onder de voorgestelde handschriften bevindt zich een tekst van lezingen (Noordafrika in de Oudheid, Gallische muntkunde, voorhistorie, enz...) en enkele dossiers die de resultaten bijeenbrengen van archeologische prospecties te Rijsel en in de streek door L. Théry ondernomen. Verscheidene clichés van stukken uit de verzameling zijn bij dit geheel gevoegd.

Behalve de voorwerpen afkomstig van de opgravingen van archeologische sites uit Noord-Pas-de-Calais (Terwaen, Santés, Rijsel, enz...) bewaart de verzaming nog een geheeel van zegels (gietvormen of matrijzen en stempelafdrukken) door B. Delmaire bestudeerd.

Zij behoorden tot vroegere beroemde verzamelingen (Charvet, Dongé, Rigaux, enz...) en zijn daarom betekenisvol.

Wij merken ook de aanwezigheid op van een muntstuk van Lodelijk XII uit het atelier van Amiens (en Ecu met stekelvarken, uitgegeven in 1507). Weerspiegelt de verzaming van L. Théry de geest van een tijdperk, dan laat zijn studiewerk niettemin aan de vorsers toe sommige verwijzingen te doen die men verloren waande.
Un front pionnier aux marges septentrionales de l'occident médiéval : le Norrland suédois au XIVe siècle
Authors: Maillefer Jean-Marie
Published: December 2015

Casting a look at the territories situated on the fringe of the mediaeval west incites us to put into perspective the conception of a «classical» model, that of the feudal structures, essentially built through the observation of northern France. Through the study of the provinces of northern Sweden in the XIV th century, the author would like to contribute to a finer knowledge of mediaeval societies which appear to be multiple in space. Thus this article's goal is not only to emphasize the ways of life and means of subsistance of a pioneers' population, but primarily to stress its originality, or even archaism, in particular the survival of strong communities of free peasants, and the power machinery, notably royal, in the absence of a real feudal system, in the Scandinavian northern world in the Middle Ages.
Les communistes du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais de l'agonie du front populaire à la guerre (1938-1939) La montée en puissance et «les «grèves du Nord», de novembre 1938.
Authors: Le Matter Yves
Published: December 2015

Yves Le Maner, Les Communistes du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais de l'origine du front populaire à la guerre (1938-1939). (1ère partie).

Dans le contexte de décomposition sociale qui caractérise la période 1936-1939, le Nord-Pas-de-Calais apparaît comme l'un des fronts principaux du conflit P.C./S.F.I.O. Dans cette grande région ouvrière, le P.C. a connu de façon plus brutale qu'ailleurs le passage de la secte au parti de masse, s'ancrant profondément chez les métallurgistes et les mineurs du Valenciennois et du Douaisis : en deux ans, ses effectifs passèrent de 4.500 à 33.000 alors que la transmission familiale du credo communiste était déjà bien établie.

Cependant, dans une région où le Front Populaire n'avait jamais eu de signification autre qu'électorale, les progrès du P.C. se heurtèrent très vite à une forte résistance socialiste orchestrée par les Fédérations S.F.I.O. et par les directions syndicales dominées par la ruede personnalité de G. Dumoulin, l'un des pionniers du «repensement du syndicalisme» avec R. Belin. La «colonisation» de puissants syndicats de mineurs, bien avancée depuis 1936, fut sérieusement remise en cause par l'échec des «grèves du Nord» de novembre 1938 -qui précédèrent la grève générale du 30- : ces mouvements, synchroniques des conflits parisiens, semblent avoir été une tentative pour accélérer la prise de contrôle de la C.G.T. par les communistes, au détriment des socialistes, divisés et saisis par le doute après Munich.
Sur la popularité de l'Ars moriendi aux Pays- Bas (1450-1530)
Authors: Lips Erik
Published: December 2015

De populariteit van de Ars Moriendi in de Nederlanden.

Men is het erover eens dat de Artes Moriendi in de 15de en I6de eeuw zeer populair geweest zijn in Europa. De auteur brengt een paar nuances aan. Hij geeft een lijst van de in het Nederlands geschreven en gedrukte werken, waarvan er een aantal nooit in internationale overzichten opgenomen werden. De oorspronkeljke teksten werden weliswaar voor de leek geschreven, maar vaak was het nodig nog een aangepaste versie, een volksuitgave te voorzien. In de literatuur beschouwt men deze volksuitgaven gewoonlijk als een teken van de ondergang van het genre, maar uit dit betoog blijkt dat die herwerking nodig was voor een goede verspreiding van de stervenskunst. Maar aile intelligente inspanningen van de herschrijvers van de Artes ten spijt, bezat de grote massa er vaak maar een onvolledige kennis ervan.
Structure territoriale et réseau urbain. Le cas du comté de Lippe à la fin du dix-huitième siècle.
Authors: Bulst Neithard , Hoock Jochen
Published: December 2015

Territorial structures and urban network are intricately and multifariously intertwined. This article is an attempt at surveying the interference between territorial reality and urban relays in the case of a small territory in the northwest of Germany. Through a comparison with a matrix of urban functions, it shows that the Lippe County displays some fundamental irregularities affecting both the production and the trading sectors. Although the territory is relatively highly urbanised, the urban network assumes mostly cultural and secundary functions while integrating itself rather closely within the hierarchically higher ranking level of the region at large, the Lippe County presenting itself quite intentionaly as an open territory at the borders of which commercial currents are hardly disturbed.
Le débit de boissons, le cabaret, le bistrot, dans le bassin houiller du Nord/Pas-de-Calais, témoins de la sociabilité populaire.
Authors: Vulic Milan
Published: December 2015

Long looked down upon by a rigid or hypocritical set of moral or political values, the public house is becoming a historical object, a field for research and interrogation. From the inn to the cafeteria, through the «cabaret», the «bistrot», the «bar» or the «café», the location of the public house is the revelator of a duration, that is of an ever prominent social function, but also of economic, social and cultural mutations.

Studied here within the consistent framework of the Nord/Pas-de-Calais coalmining basin, from the creation of the great mining companies at the beginning of the XIXth century to present day unraveling of the social fabric, the «estaminet», is a witness of the changing reality of a genuine popular culture, but also of the stakes implied by this culture. A naturally social place, the public house is never situated in a neutral location : opposite the mine head, in the miners' quarters or the coucil housing estates, on the village square, the road knots or at the heart of the supermarkets, weaving thus a telltale urban logic.

Finally the public house remains beyond that an existential space where individual strategies are played, «ways of doing» which are nevertheless as many «ways of being».
Coronary, Carotid, and Lower-extremity Atherosclerosis and Their Interrelationship in Danish Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kay Susan Due , Poulsen Mikael Kjaer , Diederichsen Axel Cosmus Pyndt , Voss Anne
Published: December 2015

Objective.

Atherosclerosis is highly prevalent among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but has been demonstrated predominantly in non-European SLE cohorts and few investigations have included more than 1 imaging modality. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of atherosclerosis in 3 frequently affected vascular territories, the coronary, carotid, and lower-extremity arteries, in a Danish, predominantly population-based SLE cohort.

Methods.

Patients with SLE without prior cardiovascular disease (CVD; n = 103) were screened for coronary artery calcification, carotid intima-media thickening and plaque, and abnormal ankle-brachial index by means of cardiac computed tomography, ultrasound of the carotid arteries, and ankle systolic blood pressure.

Results.

In patients with SLE, the prevalence of atherosclerosis in any vascular territory was 41%. The distribution of the atherosclerotic manifestations showed an overlap with 45% of the patients having involvement in more than 1 vascular territory. However, more than one-third of the patients with SLE with coronary, carotid, or lower-extremity atherosclerosis exclusively demonstrated this particular manifestation. Based on a multiple logistic regression model, age (p < 0.001), current smoking (p = 0.009), and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC; p = 0.008) were significant independent risk factors for atherosclerosis at any vascular territory.

Conclusion.

Atherosclerosis is highly prevalent among Danish patients with SLE without prior CVD. Screening for atherosclerosis in 1 vascular territory is insufficient in diagnosing atherosclerosis in patients with SLE. In Danish patients with SLE, the presence of atherosclerosis was not only assigned to traditional CV risk factors, but also associated with SLICC.
Novel Ultrasound Joint Selection Methods Using a Reduced Joint Number Demonstrate Inflammatory Improvement when Compared to Existing Methods and Disease Activity Score at 28 Joints
Authors: Tan York Kiat , Allen John C. , Lye Weng Kit , Conaghan Philip G. , D’Agostino Maria Antonietta , Chew Li-Ching , Thumboo Julian
Published: December 2015

Objective.

A pilot study testing novel ultrasound (US) joint-selection methods in rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods.

Responsiveness of novel [individualized US (IUS) and individualized composite US (ICUS)] methods were compared with existing US methods and the Disease Activity Score at 28 joints (DAS28) for 12 patients followed for 3 months. IUS selected up to 7 and 12 most ultrasonographically inflamed joints, while ICUS additionally incorporated clinically symptomatic joints.

Results.

The existing, IUS, and ICUS methods’ standardized response means were −0.39, −1.08, and −1.11, respectively, for 7 joints; −0.49, −1.00, and −1.16, respectively, for 12 joints; and −0.94 for DAS28.

Conclusion.

Novel methods effectively demonstrate inflammatory improvement when compared with existing methods and DAS28.
Coûts historiques vs. justes valeurs pour mesurer le résultat comptable ? Les arguments comparés des professionnels du chiffre
Authors: Giordano-Spring Sophie , Martinez Isabelle , Vidal Olivier
Published: December 2015

L’ANC a lancé en 2011 un appel à projet évoquant la nécessité de réhabiliter le compte de résultat en écartant la comptabilisation de profits non réalisés, prenant ainsi le contre-pied de la conception développée par l’IASB. L’objectif prioritaire de notre recherche est donc, en réponse à cet appel à projet, de comprendre quels sont les arguments développés par les professionnels du chiffre en faveur de l’intégration, ou du rejet, de plus-values latentes dans la détermination du résultat comptable. Quelles sont les argumentations développées en faveur de l’approche dite moniste qui induit le recours exclusif à des coûts historiques (CH), ou de l’approche dualiste, favorable au recours aux justes valeurs (JV) ? L’étude qualitative porte sur 31 entretiens semi-directifs. De la double analyse de contenu, lexicale puis thématique, il ressort tout d’abord des proximités de langage et de préoccupations entre certaines professions qui dépassent le clivage émetteur/utilisateur de l’information comptable. Il ressort ensuite que CH et JV ne sont pas caractéristiques de modèles comptables opposables, mais bien complémentaires de nos jours, du point de vue des professionnels interrogés.
Les pratiques humoristiques dans des interactions en classe de français. Comparaisons entre l’école obligatoire et post-obligatoire en Suisse romande
Authors: Petitjean Cécile
Published: December 2015

Cet article a pour objectif de mieux comprendre quelles sont les pratiques humoristiques des participants dans les interactions en classe, en s’intéressant à la manière dont les élèves, selon leur niveau scolaire, parviennent (ou non) à adapter leur humour à ce qui est attendu dans le contexte institutionnel de l’école. Il s’agit de comparer les pratiques humoristiques des élèves et la manière dont les participants se rendent mutuellement reconnaissable le caractère ou non approprié de celles-ci au collège et au lycée. Partant d’enregistrements audio-vidéos d’interactions en cours de français L1 au Secondaire 1 (collège) et au Secondaire 2 (lycée) en Suisse romande, nous avons privilégié un va-et-vient entre analyses séquentielles et analyses quantitatives, et ce afin d’assurer la robustesse de nos comparaisons. L’objectif est de mieux comprendre comment l’ajustement conjoint des pratiques humoristiques des participants permet de faire de l’humour, non pas seulement une source de perturbation, mais également un facilitateur des apprentissages. L’observation de l’évolution de l’expertise des élèves en matière d’adaptation de leurs compétences d’interaction aux contextes institutionnels auxquels ils sont confrontés dans leur parcours de vie répond à un enjeu socioprofessionnel majeur, à savoir le rôle des habiletés communicatives dans la trajectoire des adolescents de l’école au monde du travail.
L’ordre peut-il être mobile ?
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie
Published: December 2015

L’ordre mobile est à penser comme une structure en mouvement qui n’existe que temporairement et en fonction d’une impulsion qui se renouvelle en permanence. Plus que d’un ordre, il s’agit d’un accord, d’une « concorde ». L’auteur fait ici l’hypothèse que, face à la succession de l’angoisse engendrée par la peur du mouvement, et à l’instauration d’un ordre figé contesté par certains puis détruit, seule la capacité à construire un « ordre mobile » permettrait de sortir de cette tension permanente entre ordre et désordre.
Ordre mobile, devenir et démocratie
Authors: Levy Sydney
Published: December 2015

L’auteur discute la notion d’« ordre mobile » proposée par Sophie de Mijolla-Mellor ( Au péril de l’ordre , 2014) en l’articulant avec celle de « devenir » pour tenter de cerner ce qui fonde un ordre démocratique structurellement stable (à la fois souple et ferme).
Le prix du maintien de l’ordre au Pakistan : l’assassinat de Benazir Bhutto
Authors: Payan Ségolène
Published: December 2015

À seulement 35 ans, Benazir Bhutto est devenue la première femme élue à la tête d’un pays musulman, le Pakistan. Son assassinat, en 2007, alors qu’elle s’apprêtait à reconquérir le pouvoir pour la troisième fois, a fait d’elle une icône dans le monde entier. Cet article se propose de revenir sur le destin de cette femme, tracé et décidé pour elle et de montrer comment son parcours politique l’a menée à l’exil d’où elle a fait le choix de revenir, sachant sa vie en danger. Son retour avait pour but le rétablissement d’un certain ordre politique, son assassinat permit le maintien de l’ordre actuel.
L’Harmonie musicale : besoin d’un ordre sonore « universel »
Authors: Dakovanou Xanthoula
Published: December 2015

Cet article analyse le besoin de l’homme d’ordonner le sonore. L’auteur questionne la notion de l’harmonie en musique telle qu’elle a été développée en Grèce antique par Pythagore, Platon, Aristote et Aristoxène, mais aussi en musique occidentale, musique contemporaine et musiques actuelles par Zarlino, Rameau et des chercheurs contemporains comme Chailley. Si l’homme ressent le besoin d’ordonner le sonore afin d’échapper à ses angoisses d’envahissement par le chaos (Lecourt), l’ordre qu’il crée pour arriver à une musique perçue comme harmonieuse suit les lois naturelles des mathématiques et de la physique, qui sont les mêmes qui régissent la nature et l’univers. Finalement, dans toutes les musiques il y a un « ordre » interne qui dicte l’harmonie utilisée dans leur composition : c’est un ordre « naturel » qui sert la vie et qui ressemble à la notion d’ordre mobile proposé par S. de Mijolla-Mellor. La création donc d’un ordre sonore qui sublime le sonore naturel, dans l’œuvre de musique, servirait, finalement, à satisfaire un besoin inconscient de l’homme de s’unifier avec l’univers. Les anciens avaient donc raison : l’homme crée la musique pour harmoniser son âme avec l’univers !
Making It Meaningful: Finding Quality Improvement Projects Worthy of Your Time, Effort, and Expertise
Authors: Stausmire Julie M. , Ulrich Charla
Published: December 2015

This article is the second of a 4-part quality improvement resource series for critical care nurses interested in implementing system process or performance improvement projects. The article is a brainstorming session on paper, written to assist nurses and managers in identifying possible quality improvement projects that are meaningful to them and will make a real difference in their critical care units. Every unit and institution has its own unique mix of resources, culture, physical environment, patient population, technology, documentation processes, health care providers, and multiple other factors. Thus specific patient care and safety challenges must be identified and prioritized individually for quality improvement by each unit. Projects also must be manageable and within the scope of time, effort, and expertise available—no quality improvement project is “too small” if it is applicable to your critical care area and will improve outcomes.
Managing Spaghetti Syndrome in Critical Care With a Novel Device: A Nursing Perspective
Authors: Haynes Jay , Bowers Kelly , Young Richard , Sanders Trudy , Schultz Karen E.
Published: December 2015

Background

Managing “spaghetti syndrome,” the tangle of therapeutic cables, tubes, and cords at patients’ bedsides, can be challenging.

Objectives

To assess nurses’ perceptions of the effectiveness of a novel banding device in management of spaghetti syndrome.

Methods

A simple color-coded elastomeric banding strap with ribbed flaps was attached to bed rails of adult critical care patients to help organize therapeutic cables, tubes, wires, and cords. Nurses were surveyed before and after use of the bands and after the nursing shift to assess the burden of spaghetti syndrome and the effectiveness of using the bands.

Results

Use of the bands decreased the time spent untangling cords, reduced the frequency of contact of tubing with the floor, and diminished disruptions in care.

Conclusions

Use of a simple flexible latex-free elastomeric band may help organize therapeutic tubing at patients’ bedsides and may promote improvements in nursing care.
The bare minimum of information at discharge after acute coronary syndrome. Part 2: the quality improvement project
Authors: Fattirolli Francesco , Angelino Elisabetta
Published: December 2015

An Acute Coronary Syndrome is a fine example of the communicative difficulties that precede and characterize hospital discharge. In recent years, due to the rapid changes in therapeutic approaches, hospitalizations have become extremely brief. This entails the risk of inadequate information at discharge, significantly affecting the quality of treatment compliance and the adoption of lifestyle modifications for an effective secondary prevention. There are a series of issues that the health practitioner should cover at discharge with the patient and family members: history of disease and prognosis, risk factors and strategies for their control, aims of treatment, instructions on drugs, diet and physical activity, need for medical check-up; and, last but not least, to verify that the information has been understood. Information on drug treatment is all too often left to patient’s interpretation of hearsay or of the discharge letter, the new drug regime can easily be misunderstood or arbitrarily integrated into pre-existing drug regimes. Health practitioners must discuss issues, regardless of whether they are asked direct questions; and they should verify what imparted information has been correctly understood and assimilated. A rapid turn-over is crucial to the organization of acute units, therefore we need to identify a solution that ticks all the boxes of a good discharge in a reasonably brief time. Imparting information should be an integral component of care delivery, and the responsible practitioners (doctors and/or nurses) should be identified. We propose a standardized discharge form, containing the essential information, as a point of reference to be applied in different clinical settings.
The Association of Cytokines and Micronutrients with Hepatitis E Virus Infection During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Kmush Brittany L. , Labrique Alain , Li Wei , Klein Sabra L. , Schulze Kerry , Shaikh Saijuddin , Ali Hasmot , Engle Ronald E. , Wu Lee , Purcell Robert H. , Mehra Sucheta , Christian Parul , West Keith , Nelson Kenrad
Published: December 2015

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is severe during pregnancy, with a pregnant case fatality rate around 30%. In Bangladesh, plasma samples from 1,100 women during the first trimester (TM) and third TM of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum (PP) were tested for anti-HEV IgG. During this time, 40 women developed antibody responses to HEV. These seroconverters are classified as the cases (incidence = 46 infections per 1,000 person-years). All except one seroconversion occurred between the third TM and 3 months PP. The cases and 40 matched non-seroconverters (controls) underwent analysis of a panel of 10 cytokines, 12 vitamins and minerals, and two markers of inflammation. Throughout pregnancy, seroconverting cases displayed higher concentrations of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines compared with the non-seroconverting controls, even prior to infection. In the first TM, seroconverters had lower circulating zinc concentrations (P = 0.03), an increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)2D] < 50 nmol/L, P = 0.08), and anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L, P = 0.05) compared with controls. There were no differences in C-reactive protein or α-1-acid glycoprotein. Antecedent micronutrient deficiencies may lead to dysregulated cytokine expression and immunologic compromise, increasing the risk of HEV infection, especially during pregnancy. This exploratory analysis reveals potential novel associations that deserve further study.
Sri Lankan National Melioidosis Surveillance Program Uncovers a Nationwide Distribution of Invasive Melioidosis
Authors: Corea Enoka M. , Merritt Adam J. , Ler Yi-Horng , Thevanesam Vasanthi , Inglis Timothy J. J.
Published: December 2015

The epidemiologic status of melioidosis in Sri Lanka was unclear from the few previous case reports. We established laboratory support for a case definition and started a nationwide case-finding study. Suspected Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates were collated, identified by polymerase chain reaction assay, referred for Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight analysis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and named according to the international MLST database. Between 2006 and early 2014, there were 32 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis with an increasing annual total and a falling fatality rate. Patients were predominantly from rural communities, diabetic, and male. The major clinical presentations were sepsis, pneumonia, soft tissue and joint infections, and other focal infection. Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates came from all parts of Sri Lanka except the Sabaragamuwa Province, the south central hill country, and parts of northern Sri Lanka. Bacterial isolates belonged to 18 multilocus sequence types, one of which (ST 1137) was associated with septicemia and a single-organ focus (Fisher's exact, P = 0.004). Melioidosis is an established endemic infection throughout Sri Lanka, and is caused by multiple genotypes of B. pseudomallei, which form a distinct geographic group based upon related sequence types (BURST) cluster at the junction of the southeast Asian and Australasian clades.
‘Anders dan de anderen’
Authors: Sturgess Cyd
Published: December 2015

During the early twentieth century, Germany and the Netherlands witnessed an unprecedented surge in discourses on sexuality, galvanized by the pioneering research of central European sexologists. Against the backdrop of sexological developments and the hedonism of post-war society, Berlin saw the emergence of a thriving homosexual circuit during the interbellum. Across the border, however, the conservatism of Dutch society meant that a Sapphic subculture would not fully emerge in the Netherlands until the mid-1950s. Drawing on a framework that Laura Doan has recently termed ‘queer critical history’, and through an exploration of a selection of literary, scientific and ‘emancipatory’ writings, this article will examine how societal and cultural constructions of female same-sex desire in Dutch contexts were often at odds with scientific depictions of the ‘congenital invert’. Acknowledging the existence of this incongruence, as the article will argue, can provide historians with a space to explore alternative configurations of same-sex desire in Dutch interwar society that cannot be interpreted in the sense of a self-reflexive ‘lesbian’ identity.
pH up-regulation as a potential mechanism for the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to sustain growth in aragonite undersaturated conditions
Authors: Wall M. , Ragazzola F. , Foster L. C. , Form A. , Schmidt D. N.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Cold-water corals are important habitat formers in deep-water ecosystems and at high latitudes. Ocean acidification and the resulting change in aragonite saturation are expected to affect these habitats and impact coral growth. Counter to expectations, the deep water coral Lophelia pertusa has been found to be able to sustain growth even in undersaturated conditions. However, it is important to know whether such undersaturation modifies the skeleton and thus its ecosystem functioning. Here we used Synchrotron X-Ray Tomography and Raman spectroscopy to examine changes in skeleton morphology and fibre orientation. We combined the morphological assessment with boron isotope analysis to determine if changes in growth are related to changes in control of calcification pH. We compared the isotopic composition and structure formed in their natural environment to material grown in culture at lower pH conditions. Skeletal morphology is highly variable but shows no distinctive differences between natural and low pH conditions. Raman investigations found no difference in macromorphological skeletal arrangement of early mineralization zones and secondary thickening between the treatments. The δ11B analyses show that L. pertusa up-regulates the internal calcifying fluid pH (pHcf) during calcification compared to ambient seawater pH and maintains a similar elevated pHcf at increased pCO2 conditions. We suggest that as long as the energy is available to sustain the up-regulation, i.e. individuals are well fed, there is no detrimental effect to the skeletal morphology.
A unified parameterization of clouds and turbulence using CLUBB and subcolumns in the Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Thayer-Calder K. , Gettelman A. , Craig C. , Goldhaber S. , Bogenschutz P. A. , Chen C.-C. , Morrison H. , Höft J. , Raut E. , Griffin B. M. , Weber J. K. , Larson V. E. , Wyant M. C. , Wang M. , Guo Z. , Ghan S. J.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Most global climate models parameterize separate cloud types using separate parameterizations. This approach has several disadvantages, including obscure interactions between parameterizations and inaccurate triggering of cumulus parameterizations. Alternatively, a unified cloud parameterization uses one equation set to represent all cloud types. Such cloud types include stratiform liquid and ice cloud, shallow convective cloud, and deep convective cloud. Vital to the success of a unified parameterization is a general interface between clouds and microphysics. One such interface involves drawing Monte Carlo samples of subgrid variability of temperature, water vapor, cloud liquid, and cloud ice, and feeding the sample points into a microphysics scheme. This study evaluates a unified cloud parameterization and a Monte Carlo microphysics interface that has been implemented in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 5.3. Model computational expense is estimated, and sensitivity to the number of subcolumns is investigated. Results describing the mean climate and tropical variability from global simulations are presented. The new model shows a degradation in precipitation skill but improvements in shortwave cloud forcing, liquid water path, long-wave cloud forcing, precipitable water, and tropical wave simulation.
Efeitos da imunonutrição no tratamento de pacientes com câncer e suas complicações – uma revisão
Authors: Oliveira Victor Alves de , Oliveira Thayse Wilma Nogueira de , Oliveira Virlleny Maria Alves de , Damasceno Andressa Nathanna Castro , Rodrigues Gilmara Peres , Silva Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da , Peron Ana Paula , Sousa João Marcelo de Castro e
Published: December 2015

O objetivou deste trabalho foi revisar, de forma sucinta e objetiva, as evidências disponíveis nos bancos de dados digitais, sobre os efeitos da imunonutrição para a resposta ao tratamento de pacientes com câncer em pré e pós-operatório. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, por meio de buscas bibliográficas nos bancos de dados informatizados Medline/Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs, no período de julho a setembro de 2014, de artigos que investigaram os efeitos da imunonutrição na recuperação do estado nutricional e em procedimentos pré e pós-operatório de pacientes com câncer. Foram encontrados 32 artigos, dos quais 27 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão do estudo, compreendendo artigos de revisão, caso-controle, epidemiológicos e transversais. A partir desta revisão de literatura foi possível verificar o benefício do uso da dieta imunomoduladora em pacientes oncológicos submetidos ao tratamento no pré-operatório de cirurgias de grande porte abdominal, diminuindo complicações sépticas e inflamatórias no período pós-operatório e consequentemente o tempo de internação hospitalar. Dessa forma, o uso da imunonutrição mostra-se com capacidade de reverter alterações orgânicas e imunológicas causadas tanto pela desnutrição como pelo próprio tumor em pacientes com câncer.