bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Nasal Vestibule: A Rare Case
Authors: Smitha SG , Gowda Chandre
Published: January 2013

Metastases to the sinonasal region are very rare. They constitute to less than 1% of nasal malignancies. To our knowledge, this is the first case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of nasal vestibule with primary carcinoma of pyriform fossa to be reported. We present this case for its rarity. We have also reviewed literatures on squamous cell carcinoma of nasal vestibule.

How to cite this article

Gangaraj S, Gowda C. Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Nasal Vestibule: A Rare Case. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):182-183.
Pathomorphology of synovial membrane in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Prochorec-Sobieszek Monika
Published: January 2013

Badanie histopatologiczne błony maziowej ma niewielkie znaczenie w diagnostyce układowych chorób tkanki łącznej z uwagi na brak swoistych cech mikroskopowych dla poszczególnych jednostek chorobowych oraz stosowane w praktyce klinicznej kryteria kliniczne, badania radiologiczne i testy serologiczne. Cechy histopatologiczne podobne do tych, które występują w reumatoidalnym zapaleniu stawów (RZS), z tym że o mniejszym nasileniu, są stwierdzane w błonie maziowej również w przebiegu spondyloartropatii, w toczniu rumieniowatym układowym oraz twardzinie układowej. Ocena histopatologiczna błony maziowej ma większe znaczenie w diagnostyce różnicowej zapaleń stawów o innej etiologii, np. gruźliczej i nowotworowej. Należy jednak podkreślić, że histopatologiczne i immunohistochemiczne badania naukowe dotyczące błony maziowej przyczyniły się do lepszego zrozumienia komórkowych i molekularnych mechanizmów patogenetycznych w RZS oraz innych chorobach reumatycznych. Obecnie rozważa się możliwość zastosowania małej biopsji artroskopowej w ocenie skuteczności terapii celowanych w chorobach reumatycznych.
Neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Hajduk Adam , Smoleńska Żaneta , Nowicka-Sauer Katarzyna , Zdrojewski Zbigniew
Published: January 2013

Toczeń rumieniowaty układowy (TRU) jest chorobą zapalną o podłożu autoimmunizacyjnym, która prowadzi do uszkodzenia wielu tkanek i narządów, w tym ośrodkowego i obwodowego układu nerwowego. Ze względu na różnorodność objawów neurologicznych i psychiatrycznych związanych z toczniem Amerykańskie Towarzystwo Reumatologiczne w 1999 r. wyodrębniło 19 zespołów neuropsychiatrycznych, które mogą wystąpić w przebiegu TRU, i ustaliło dla nich szczegółowe kryteria rozpoznania (tab. I). Do zajęcia układu nerwowego dochodzi stosunkowo często, a zespoły neuropsychiatryczne korelują z cięższym przebiegiem choroby i przyczyniają się do niekorzystnego rokowania.

W pracy zaprezentowano objawy kliniczne TRU, z zajęciem ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, z uwzględnieniem zespołów neurologicznych zaproponowanych przez Amerykańskie Towarzystwo Reumatologiczne, oraz przedstawiono najnowsze rekomendacje dotyczące postępowania diagnostycznego i terapeutycznego wg Europejskiej Ligi do Walki z Reumatyzmem (EULAR).
New methods in diagnosis and therapy in case of disorder in static foot function in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Kuryliszyn-Moskal Anna , Kaniewska Katarzyna , Konarzewski Paweł , Dzięcioł Zofia
Published: January 2013

W pracy przedstawiono problematykę związaną z obecnością zmian zniekształcająco-deformacyjnych stóp w przebiegu reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów (RZS), z uwzględnieniem współczesnych metod diagnostycznych oraz postępowania terapeutycznego. Zmiany patologiczne w obrębie struktur anatomicznych stóp, będące wynikiem procesu zapalnego, prowadzą do upośledzenia funkcji motorycznych kończyn dolnych. Zaburzenia wydolności statycznej stóp należą do wiodących przyczyn niepełnosprawności oraz pogorszenia jakości życia chorych na RZS. Spośród współczesnych możliwości diagnostycznych na uwagę zasługuje badanie z wykorzystaniem komputerowej analizy plantokonturogramu, które umożliwia ocenę wydolności statycznej stóp oraz jest przydatne w prawidłowym planowaniu strategii terapeutycznej. Współczesna strategia postępowania polega na wczesnej interdyscyplinarnej terapii obejmującej edukację, fizjoterapię, zaopatrzenie ortopedyczne i leczenie operacyjne.
Matrix risk models for the prediction of rapid radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Przepiera-Będzak Hanna , Brzosko Marek
Published: January 2013

Szybka progresja radiologiczna (rapid radiographic progression – RRP) w przebiegu reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów (RZS) występuje u niewielkiego odsetka chorych. Zastosowanie efektywnej terapii pozwoli zwolnić postęp zmian radiologicznych w tej grupie chorych. Szybka identyfikacja czynników ryzyka RRP ma zatem istotne znaczenie w leczeniu RZS. Korzystanie z pojedynczych zmiennych mających wpływ na RRP może mieć ograniczone znaczenie, skuteczniejsze jest zastosowanie kombinacji wielu zmiennych. W tym celu opracowano matryce modeli przewidywania RRP u chorych na RZS. W tworzeniu tych modeli wykorzystano wyniki badań klinicznych ASPIRE, ATTRACT oraz badania BEST.

Stworzone matryce modeli ryzyka wystąpienia RRP mogą być przydatne reumatologom w ich codziennej praktyce w podejmowaniu decyzji o zastosowaniu leczenia u chorych na RZS. Pozwalają one na ocenę ryzyka wystąpienia RRP u każdego chorego, z uwzględnieniem kombinacji specyficznych czynników ryzyka. Wymagają zastosowania kilku prostych do oceny zmiennych, uwzględniają różne opcje leczenia i są łatwe w zastosowaniu.
Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Part II. The role of biologic agents
Authors: Kur-Zalewska Joanna , Tłustochowicz Witold
Published: January 2013

Toczeń rumieniowaty układowy (TRU) jest przewlekłą chorobą autoimmunologiczną o nieznanej etiologii, charakteryzującą się zajęciem wielu narządów, przebiegającą z okresami zaostrzeń i re­misji, prowadzącą do zwiększonej chorobowości i śmiertelności. Leki objawowe, glikokortykosteroidy, leki antymalaryczne i immunosupresyjne są skuteczne w leczeniu większości chorych. W TRU opornym na standardowe leczenie należy rozważyć inne metody terapeutyczne. W artykule przedstawiono rolę leków biologicznych w leczeniu TRU, w tym obecnie stosowanych (belimumab i rytuksy­mab) oraz ocenianych w badaniach klinicznych.
Gastrointestinal manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zalewska Joanna , Barczyńska Tacjana , Węgierska Małgorzata , Jeka Sławomir
Published: January 2013

Toczeń rumieniowaty układowy (TRU) jest chorobą autoimmunologiczną, w przebiegu której dochodzi do uszkodzenia wielu narządów i układów. Choroba charakteryzuje się różnorodnością objawów. Występowanie objawów gastroenterologicznych stanowi niekiedy problem diagnostyczny, gdyż mogą się one ujawniać w przebiegu choroby podstawowej, być wynikiem działań niepożądanych leków, ich przyczyną może być także współistniejąca choroba przewodu pokarmowego.
Trace Elements Study in the Porto Velho City, Rondônia, Western Amazon
Authors: Santos J. Paiva dos , Souza D. de Oliveira de , Miranda M. Rodrigues , Bastos W. Rodrigues
Published: January 2013

The fast urbanization process associated with the disordered growth produced a continuous and systematic deterioration of natural systems. The trace elements had been used as indicators of these impacts in the environment. This study evaluated trace elements concentrations (Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd e Hg) in bottom surficial sediment of Igarapé (small stream) Tanques that encloses the Porto Velho urban area and municipal waste soil. The results evidenced that the diverse activities developed in investigated areas influenced the trace elements concentrations and limnological characteristics. The principal component analysis to the sediment and soil geochemical variables, demonstrated that the domestic effluents input into igarapé and solid waste inappropriate disposal contributed to trace elements increase. In addition, a trace element input occurs also throughout particles displacement by Fe and Mn oxides.
Toxicity and Environmental Risk of Oxytetracycline and Effect in Leukocytes of Mato Grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques)
Authors: Fujimoto R. Y. , Gabbay M. I. , Anjos E. C. S. , Carraschi S. P. , Cruz C.
Published: January 2013

The oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of antibiotic more used to control bacterial diseases on fishes. The objectives were to evaluate the toxicity of OTC and the environmental risk and its effects in leukocytes of Mato grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques). The fishes used in the experiment had average weight 0.22 ± 0.2 g and they were acclimated for ten days in bioassay room and were exposed at 2.0; 4.0; 6.0 and 8.0 mg L-1 of OTC and one treatment control. The tests were carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replicates and in the end, samples of blood were collected for leukocytes counting. For the classification of the environmental risk was utilized the LC50 and the estimated environmental concentration (CAE) of the antibiotic. The lethal concentration 50% (LC(I)50;96h) estimated of the OTC was 5.49 mg L-1 withlower limit 5.08 mg L-1 and upper limit 5.95 mg L-1. The OTC cause moderately intoxication environmental risk with the small CAE and high intoxication environmental risk with the higher CAE. There were not differences (p>0.01) in percentages of eosinophils, granulocytic cells and basophils but occurred lymphopenia and monocytosisin 4.0 mg L-1. The OTC is moderately toxic and cause intoxication environmental risk for Mato grosso fish and caused stress in 4.0 and immune suppressor at 6.0 mg L-1
Ecotoxicological Effects of Vertimec® 18EC on Plankton
Authors: Braun A. S. , Novelli A. , Vieira B. H. , Espindola E. L. G.
Published: January 2013

The use of pesticides to boost crop yields is increasing. However, their adverse effects are unquestionable. One major problem is the fact that they have a broader effect than just on target organisms, being carried by the rainwater, leached or volatilized. Among wide used agricultural chemicals is the acaricide/insecticide abamectin (also known by the trade name Vertimec® 18EC). The present work evaluates the toxicity of Vertimec® 18EC on cladocerans Daphnia similis and Ceriodaphnia dubia and alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Two land plots were prepared, one contaminated with Vertimec® 18EC and the other used as a control. After simulated rainfall, samples of the runoff water were collected and used in acute and chronic bioassays to verify the effects of the contaminant on planktonic organisms. The results showed high toxicity to the cladocerans. For D. similis the 48h EC50 was 13.87% in the runoff, corresponding to 5.54 Î¼g L-1 of abamectin. For C. dubia it was impossible to calculate the inhibition concentration because the effect was lethal, preventing reproduction. No toxic effect was noted for P. subcapitata. However, a physical inhibitory effect was observed due to the high concentration of suspended material in the water samples.
Assessment of Chromium Bioaccumulation in Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) Hindak by the Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Giloni-Lima P. C. , Delello D. , Cremonez M. L. M. , Éler M. N. , Lima V. A. , Espíndola E. L. G.
Published: January 2013

The effects of chromium bioaccumulation in Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were evaluated by Central Composite Design (CCD), factorial 22 and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). All the models of regression generated by CCD were highly significant, with R2 between 77 and 88%, which is the percentual variability in the response that the model can account for. This is indicative of a satisfactory representation of the process models whose data can be used for simulations of response. The maximum shrinkage biovolume presented 28–69% reduction compared to controls. Results from this study suggest that the smaller algal cells amplify metal binding sites, leading to an increased bioaccumulation and a consequential increased capacity to accumulate chromium. Nevertheless, the absorption capacity decreases for more elevated chromium concentrations and for longer exposure.
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Waters From Two Sites of Itajaí-Açu River (SC, Brazil)
Authors: Bücker A. , Conceição M. B. da
Published: January 2013

The relationship between the genes and the effects attributed to them has been object of many studies, especially those seeking to establish the response of genes to environmental prod. The aim of this work was to establish a standard system to monitor effluents by using juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a bioindicator of genotoxicity, utilizing micronuclei test and comet assay. For this, the fish were exposed during 24, 48, 72 and 240 hours (10 days), to water samples collected at two sites of the Itajaí-Açú River: Ilhota and Blumenau, in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil. For positive control the herbicide 2,4-D (75 ppm) was utilized, and the negative control of each fish were the values obtained before the exposure to the river water, termed time zero (T0). Water samples from both sites of the Itajaí-Açú River showed significant genotoxic effects in erythrocytes of the exposed fishes. The comet assay was a more sensitive test to detect genotoxic damage in shorter exposure times (24 and 48 hours) than the micronuclei test.
Seasonal Study of Heavy Metals in Sediment From Saco do Laranjal – Pelotas-RS
Authors: Betemps Glauco R. , Sanches Filho P. J.
Published: January 2013

O Saco do Laranjal é referido pela Base de Dados Tropicais (BDT) como uma área prioritária para a preservação. Pouco se conhece sobre a geoquímica dos sedimentos da região de estudo, tornando-se indispensável para as ações de monitoramento a determinação de metais pesados no sedimento. Nesse contexto, foi desenvolvido o estudo dos metais pesados como Cu, Pb, Zn e Cr no sedimento do Saco do Laranjal, porção estuarina da Laguna dos Patos. A amostragem percorreu seis pontos do local de estudo, nos períodos de inverno e primavera de 2009 e verão de 2010. As amostras foram extraídas em triplicata com água régia a 50% e ácido perclórico e analisadas através de espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama. Neste estudo também foram avaliados a matéria orgânica por método indireto através da perda de voláteis e, granulometria. Os resultados demonstram baixos índices de contaminação comparados com o Guia de Qualidade para Sedimentos Estuarinos Canadense, apresentando estreita relação entre o aumento da matéria orgânica no teor de finos (fração < 63 μm) e a concentraçã dos metais.
Long term changes in the upper stratospheric ozone at Syowa, Antarctica
Authors: Miyagawa K. , Petropavlovskikh I. , Evans R. D. , Long C. , Wild J. , Manney G. L. , Daffer W. H.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Analyses of stratospheric ozone data determined from Dobson Umkehr measurements since 1977 at the Syowa (69.0° S, 39.6° E), Antarctica station show a significant decrease in ozone at altitudes higher than that of the 4 hPa pressure level during the 1980s and 1990s. Ozone values over Syowa have remained low since 2001. The time series of upper stratospheric ozone from the homogenized NOAA (/2) SBUV 8.6 overpass data (± 4°, 24 h) are in qualitative agreement with Syowa station data. Ozone recovery during the austral spring over Syowa station appears to be slower than predicted by the Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine (EESC) curve. The long-term changes in station's equivalent latitude are derived from MERRA analysis at ~2 hPa and ~50 hPa. These data are used to attribute some of the upper and middle stratospheric ozone changes to the changes in vortex position relative to station location. In addition, high correlation of the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) with polar upper stratospheric ozone during years of maximum solar activity points toward a strong relationship between the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and the polar stratospheric ozone recovery. We have analyzed the results of ozone profiles over Syowa determined from measurements of the Umkehr effect by Dobson ozone spectrophotometers. The ozone depletion attributable to CFCs is clearly visible in the record, but the recovery is slower than predicted. Further research indicates that dynamical and other chemical changes in the atmosphere are delaying the recovery over this station.
Coupling of the spatial dynamic of picoplankton and nanoflagellate grazing pressure and carbon flow of the microbial food web in the subtropical pelagic continental shelf ecosystem
Authors: Chiang K.-P. , Tsai A.-Y. , Tsai P.-J. , Gong G.-C. , Tsai S.-F.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. In order to investigate the mechanism of spatial dynamics of picoplankton community (bacteria and Synechococcus spp.) and estimate the carbon flux of the microbial food web in the oligotrophic Taiwan Warm Current Water of subtropical marine pelagic ecosystem, we conducted size-fractionation experiments in five cruises by the R/V Ocean Research II during the summers of 2010 and 2011 in the southern East China Sea. We carried out culture experiments using surface water which, according to a temperature-salinity (T-S) diagram, is characterized as oligotrophic Taiwan Current Warm Water. We found a negative correlation bettween bacteria growth rate and temperature, indicating that the active growth of heterotrophic bacteria might be induced by nutrients lifted from deep layer by cold upwelling water. This finding suggests that the area we studied was a bottom-up control pelagic ecosystem. We suggest that the microbial food web of an oligotrophic ecosystem may be changed from top-down control to resource supply (bottom-up control) when a physical force brings nutrient into the oligotrophic ecosystem. Upwelling brings nutrient-rich water to euphotic zone and promotes bacteria growth, increasing the picoplankton biomass which increased the consumption rate of nanoflagellate. The net growth rate (growth rate–grazing rate) becomes negative when the densities of bacteria and Synechococcus spp. are lower than the threshold values. The interaction between growth and grazing will limit the abundances of bacteria (105-106 cells mL-1 and Synechococcus spp. (104-105 cells mL-1) within a narrow range, forming a predator-prey eddy. Meanwhile, 62% of bacteria production and 55% of Synechococcus spp. production are transported to higher trophic level (nanoflagellate), though the cascade effect might cause an underestimation of both percentages of transported carbon. Based on the increasing number of sizes we found in the size-fractionation experiments, we estimated that the predation values were underestimated by 28.3% for bacteria and 34.6% for Synechococcus spp. Taking these corrections into consideration, we conclude that picoplankton production is balanced by nonoflagellate grazing and the diet of nanoflagellate is composed of 64% bacteria and 36% Synechococcus spp.
Consistent increase in Indian monsoon rainfall and its variability across CMIP-5 models
Authors: Menon A. , Levermann A. , Schewe J. , Lehmann J. , Frieler K.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The possibility of an impact of global warming on the Indian monsoon is of critical importance for the large population of this region. Future projections within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP-3) showed a wide range of trends with varying magnitude and sign across models. Here the Indian summer monsoon rainfall is evaluated in 20 CMIP-5 models for the period 1850 to 2100. In the new generation of climate models a consistent increase in seasonal mean rainfall during the summer monsoon periods arises. All models simulate stronger seasonal mean rainfall in the future compared to the historic period under the strongest warming scenario RCP-8.5. Increase in seasonal mean rainfall is the largest for the RCP-8.5 scenario compared to other RCPs. The interannual variability of the Indian monsoon rainfall also shows a consistent positive trend under unabated global warming. Since both the long-term increase in monsoon rainfall as well as the increase in interannual variability in the future is robust across a wide range of models, some confidence can be attributed to these projected trends.
Assessment of the indirect calibration of a rainfall-runoff model for ungauged catchments in Flanders
Authors: De Vleeschouwer N. , Pauwels V. R. N.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. In this paper the potential of discharge-based indirect calibration of the Probability Distributed Model (PDM), a lumped rainfall-runoff (RR) model, is examined for six selected catchments in Flanders. The concept of indirect calibration indicates that one has to estimate the calibration data because the catchment is ungauged. A first case in which indirect calibration is applied is that of spatial gauging divergence: Because no observed discharge records are available at the outlet of the ungauged catchment, the calibration is carried out based on a rescaled discharge time series of a very similar donor catchment. Both a calibration in the time domain and the frequency domain (a.k.a. spectral domain) are carried out. Furterhermore, the case of temporal gauging divergence is considered: Limited (e.g. historical or very recent) discharge records are available at the outlet of the ungauged catchment. Additionally, no time overlap exists between the forcing and discharge records. Therefore, only an indirect spectral calibration can be performed in this case. To conclude also the combination case of spatio-temporal gauging divergence is considered. In this last case only limited discharge records are available at the outlet of a donor catchment. Again the forcing and discharge records are not contemporaneous which only makes feasible an indirect spectral calibration. The modelled discharge time series are found to be acceptable in all three considered cases. In the case of spatial gauging divergence, indirect temporal calibration results in a slightly better model performance than indirect spectral calibration. Furthermore, indirect spectral calibration in the case of temporal gauging divergence leads to a better model performance than indirect spectral calibration in the case of spatial gauging divergence. Finally, the combination of spatial and temporal gauging divergence does not necessarily lead to a worse model performance compared to the separate cases of spatial and temporal gauging divergence.
Initiating Change: Architecturing the Body‐Environment with Arakawa and Gins
Authors: Keane Jondi
Published: January 2013

New York‐based artists Shusaku Arakawa (1936–2010) and Madeline Gins (1941–) used architecture in their work in an approach that they have referred to as ‘architecting’. Jondi Keane explains how as artists‐turned‐architects, Arakawa and Gins have not been particularly interested in innovating architecture, but in approaching architecture as a way to innovate, or change the world'.
Designing Tomorrow's Innovation
Authors: Cutler Terry
Published: January 2013

Chair to the Australian government's Review of the National Innovation System in 2008, Terry Cutler is an industry consultant and strategy advisor with a background in the information and communications technology sector. Here, he opens up the question of architectural innovation to the wider context of the economy and social need. If architects are to innovatively address pressing social and environmental issues, such as climate change, obesity, population ageing and resource depletion, how does the architect's role need to be reformulated?
Soft Supracrystals of Au Nanocrystals with Tunable Mechanical Properties
Authors: Yan Cong , Arfaoui Imad , Goubet Nicolas , Pileni Marie‐Paule
Published: January 2013

The elastic properties of highly ordered three‐dimensional colloidal crystals of gold nanocrystals (called supracrystals) are reported. This study is based on the simultaneous growth of two kinds of gold nanocrystal supracrystals that range in size from 5 nm to 8 nm: interfacial supracrystals and precipitated supracrystals. The elastic properties are deduced from nanoindentation measurements performed with an atomic force microscope. The Young's modulus of the interfacial supracrystals, which grow layer‐by‐layer and form well‐defined films, is compared to that of precipitated supracrystals, which are produced by homogeneous growth in solution. For the precipitated supracrystals, characterized by a thickness larger than 1 μm, the Oliver and Pharr model is used to determine the elastic moduli, which are in the gigapascal range and decrease with increasing nanocrystal size. For the interfacial supracrystals, with 300 nm average thickness, a second model (plate model) is applied in addition to the Oliver and Pharr model. These two models confirm independently that the interfacial films are very soft with Young's modulus in the range of 80–240 MPa. This result reveals a totally new feature of nanocrystal solids, never emphasized before. It is shown that these changes in the Young's modulus are related to the supracrystal growth mechanism.
Mesoporous Silica‐Calcium Phosphate‐Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative Composites as an Effective Adjuvant for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xia , Wang Xiupeng , Sogo Yu , Ohno Tadao , Onuma Kazuo , Ito Atsuo
Published: January 2013

The synthesis of mesoporous silica/calcium phosphate composite loaded with the immunopotentiator tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD‐MS/CaP) as an effective adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy is reported here. The PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant is prepared by immersing mesoporous silica in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution supplemented with the immunopotentiator PPD for 24 h. PPD is coprecipitated with calcium phosphate inside and on the surface of mesoporous silica. By loading the immunopotentiator PPD in the PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant, an enhanced activation of antigen‐presenting cells, such as GM‐CSF secretion by THP‐1 differentiated macrophages, is obtained probably due to sustained PPD release and an efficient cellular uptake of PPD. The PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant mixed with liquid‐N2‐treated tumor tissue effectively triggers anti‐tumor immune response and markedly inhibits in vivo tumor growth. The PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant is a promising alternative for cancer immune therapy.
Mesoporous Europo‐Gadolinosilicate Nanoparticles as Bimodal Medical Imaging Agents and a Potential Theranostic Platform
Authors: Tse Nicholas M. K. , Kennedy Danielle F. , Kirby Nigel , Moffat Bradford A. , Muir Benjamin W. , Caruso Rachel A. , Drummond Calum J.
Published: January 2013

The mesoporous structure of sol‐gel prepared gadolinium and europium doped silicate nanoparticles has been found to be highly dependent on the formulated composition, with synthesised samples displaying both disordered and hexagonally ordered mesoporous packing symmetry. The degree of pore ordering within the nanoparticles has a strong correlation with the total lanthanide (Gd3+ and Eu3+) concentration. The gadolinosilicates are excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) longitudinal (T1) agents. The longitudinal relaxivity (r1) and transverse (r2) relaxivity, a measure of MRI contrast agent efficiency, were up to four times higher than the clinically employed Omniscan (gadodiamide); with r1 up to 20.6 s−1 mM−1 and r2 of 66.2 s−1 mM−1 compared to 5.53 and 4.64 s−1 mM−1, respectively, for Omniscan. In addition, the europium content of all the samples studied is below the self‐quenching limit, which results in a strong luminescence response from the nanoparticles on excitation at 250 nm. The Eu‐Gd silicate nanoparticles act as bimodal imaging agents for MRI and luminescence. These mesoporous nanoparticles also have the potential to serve as encapsulation and controlled release matrices for pharmaceuticals. They are therefore a promising multimodal theranostic platform.
Evaluating the success of vocabulary reconciliation for cultural heritage collections
Authors: van Hooland Seth , Verborgh Ruben , De Wilde Max , Hercher Johannes , Mannens Erik , Van de Walle Rik
Published: January 2013

The concept of Linked Data has made its entrance in the cultural heritage sector due to its potential use for the integration of heterogeneous collections and deriving additional value out of existing metadata. However, practitioners and researchers alike need a better understanding of what outcome they can reasonably expect of the reconciliation process between their local metadata and established controlled vocabularies which are already a part of the Linked Data cloud. This paper offers an in‐depth analysis of how a locally developed vocabulary can be successfully reconciled with the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and the Arts and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) through the help of a general‐purpose tool for interactive data transformation (OpenRefine). Issues negatively affecting the reconciliation process are identified and solutions are proposed in order to derive maximum value from existing metadata and controlled vocabularies in an automated manner.
Direct determination of polymyxin B sulfate using resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non‐linear scattering methods with hexatungstate
Authors: Kong Ling , Liu Zhongfang , Liu Shaopu , Wu Limin , Tian Fengling
Published: January 2013

At pH 1.3–1.6, tungstate WO42–, can be converted to hexatungstate W6O192–, which can react with positively charged polymyxin B sulfate (PMB) to result in enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and resonance non‐linear scattering, including second order scattering and frequency doubling scattering. Linear relationships can be established between enhanced scattering intensity and PMB concentration. The detection limits (3σ) were 5.5 ng/mL (RRS), 10.1 ng/mL (second order scattering) and 34.6 ng/mL (frequency doubling scattering). The optimum reaction conditions, influencing factors and related analytical properties were tested. The interaction mechanism was investigated via absorption spectrum, circular dichroism spectra and atomic force microscopy imaging. The basis of scattering enhancement is discussed. PMB in eardrops, human serum and urine, were quantified satisfactorily by RRS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical training
Authors: Singh P , Darzi A
Published: January 2013

Learning is lifelong
Surgery and the management of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Allan C , Smithers B M
Published: January 2013

Surgeons should get involved in prevention as well as treatment
Impact of an acid fungal protease in high gravity fermentation for ethanol production using indian sorghum as a feedstock
Authors: Gohel V. , Duan G. , Maisuria V. B.
Published: January 2013

This study evaluated the conventional jet cooking liquefaction process followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 30% and 35% dry solids (DS) concentration of Indian sorghum feedstock for ethanol production, with addition of acid fungal protease or urea. To evaluate the efficacy of thermostable α‐amylase in liquefaction at 30% and 35% DS concentration of Indian sorghum, liquefact solubility, higher dextrins, and fermentable sugars were analyzed at the end of the process. The liquefact was further subjected to SSF using yeast. In comparison with urea, addition of an acid fungal protease during SSF process was observed to accelerate yeast growth (μ), substrate consumption (Qs), ultimately ethanol yield based on substrate (Yp/s) and ethanol productivity based on fermentation time (Qp). The fermentation efficiency and ethanol recovery were determined for both concentrations of Indian sorghum and found to be increased with use of acid fungal protease in SSF process. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29: 329–336, 2013
Fabrication and characterization of tosyl‐activated magnetic and nonmagnetic monodisperse microspheres for use in microfluic‐based ferritin immunoassay
Authors: Reymond Frédéric , Vollet Christine , Plichta Zdeněk , Horák Daniel
Published: January 2013

This article describes the preparation of tosyl‐activated nonmagnetic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) [P(HEMA‐GMA)] microspheres by dispersion polymerization and tosyl‐activated magnetic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) [P(HEMA‐EDMA)] microspheres by multistep swelling polymerization method and precipitation of iron oxide inside the pores. These new approaches show that monodisperse microspheres, 2.3 µm, respectively 4.1 µm, in diameter can be produced in high yields avoiding aggregation and with the advantage of being free of aromatic moieties. To demonstrate their potential for diagnostic applications, both types of microparticles have been coated with capture and detection antibodies (DAs), respectively. Immunoassay protocols have then been developed for the dosage of ferritin using an automated affinity platform combining microchannel chips and electrochemical detection. The assay performance using the above magnetic microspheres has been compared with that obtained with commercial tosyl‐activated beads. Finally, the possibility to combine functionalized magnetic and nonmagnetic microspheres has been evaluated in view of amplifying the number of enzymatic labels in the immuno‐complex. At a ferritin concentration of 119.6 ng/mL, a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 150.5 is obtained using 0.2 mg/mL of anti‐ferritin‐coated P(HEMA‐GMA)‐DA microspheres against a value of 158.8 using free DA in solution. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29: 532–542, 2013
Application of a new human cell line, F2N78, in the transient and stable production of recombinant therapeutics
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Joo , Chang MinSeok , Kim Jong‐Mook , Hong HyeJin , Maeng KiEun , Koo Jane , Chang ShinJae , Cho Myung‐Sam
Published: January 2013

Host cell lines developed by genetic engineering sometimes show instabilities in maintaining their genetically acquired phenotypes. Previously, a hybrid host cell line, designated as hybrid of kidney and B cells (HKB), capable of retaining selected phenotypes originally existing in the parental cells was developed via fusion of 293 cells and HH514‐16 cells. Although HKB did indeed successfully preserve several favorable phenotypes, the expression of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) specific nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), which should be constitutively expressed for host cells to utilize oriP expression vector in transient production of therapeutic proteins, was observed to be unstable. Here, in an attempt to obtain stable expression of EBNA1, a cell type that contains an integrated EBV genome, rather than HH514‐16 cells, which harbor an episomal EBV genome, was applied for fusion with 293 cells. Fusion of 293 cells with Namalwa cells led to the creation of a new type of hybrid, F2N, which was able to stably express EBNA1 while not producing EBV particles. One of the F2N clones, F2N78, was observed to maintain EBNA1 expression for more than 1 year under serum‐free suspension culture conditions along with human specific glycosyl phenotypes observed previously in HKB. In addition, F2N78 was demonstrated to be an appropriate host cell line for both the transient and stable production of recombinant therapeutics with the features of safety expected of production cell lines for human use. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29: 432–440, 2013
The Interaction of Nitrophenylalanines with Wild Type and Mutant 4‐Methylideneimidazole‐5‐one‐less Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase
Authors: Toşa Monica Ioana , Brem Jürgen , Mantu Alexandra , Irimie Florin Dan , Paizs Csaba , Rétey János
Published: January 2013

Racemic nitrophenylalanines and (E)‐nitrophenylacrylates are synthesized from the corresponding aldehydes. Both products are important for the examination of the mechanism of action of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). For the reaction of the rac‐nitrophenylalanines with both wild type (wt) PAL and an 4‐methylideneimidazole‐5‐one (MIO)‐less mutant, the kinetic constants Km and Vmax are determined and compared with those of the natural substrate L‐phenylalanine: the Km values for the racemic nitrophenylalanines with wt PAL are up to 9 times higher, however, the Vmax values are up to 5 times lower. Compared to wt PAL, the catalytic activity of MIO‐less PAL mutant for the deamination of L‐phenylalanine is approximately 400 times, while that for 3‐nitrophenylalanine is approximately 50 times lower. Both wt and MIO‐less PALs are enantioselective for L‐nitrophenylalanines. Thus, enantiopure D‐nitrophenylalanines can be biosynthesized from racemic substrates. The biocatalytic synthesis of the corresponding L‐enantiomers is achieved by the reverse reaction, starting from (E)‐nitrophenylacrylates. Both enantiomeric products obtained with wt and MIO‐less PAL are spectroscopically and chromatographically characterized and their optical rotations measured.
Effect of Operating Conditions on NOx and CO Emissions in a Pilot‐Scale Vortexing Fluidized‐Bed Combustor with Flue Gas Recirculation
Authors: Qian F. , Chyang C. , Yeh C. , Tso J.
Published: January 2013

In order to study the effect of flue gas recirculation (FGR) by primary air mixed with FGR or nitrogen on NOx emissions in a fixed total primary air flow rate, the bed temperature, stoichiometric oxygen ratio in the combustion chamber, and excess oxygen ratio were investigated in a pilot‐scale vortexing fluidized‐bed combustor (VFBC). As a result, the NOx emissions could effectively be decreased with FGR in the VFBC. The lower NOx emissions were attributed to the fact that the FGR allows NOx to enter the reactor again with the chance of being reduced and that the FGR contains more CO2 to suppress NOx formation or promote NOx reduction through its conversion to CO by reaction with char.
ChemInform Abstract: Disappearance of Superconductivity in the Solid Solution Between (Ca4Al2O6)(Fe2As2) and (Ca4Al2O6)(Fe2P2) Superconductors.
Authors: Shirage Parasharam M. , Kihou Kunihiro , Lee Chul‐Ho , Takeshita Nao , Eisaki Hiroshi , Iyo Akira
Published: January 2013

Superconductivity is strongly suppressed for a wide composition range of 0.5 < x ≤ 0.95 in (Ca4Al2O6) [Fe2(As1‐xPx)2] solid solutions while the two stoichiometric compounds (Ca4Al2O6)(Fe2As2) and (Ca4Al2O6)(Fe2P2) possess relatively high critical temperatures of 28 and 17 K, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization Study on the Promoting Effect of F‐Doping V2O5/TiO2 SCR Catalysts.
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhong Qin , Zhang Tianjiao , Pan Yanxiao
Published: January 2013

F‐doped V2O5/TiO2 catalysts for selective reduction of NOx by NH3 are prepared by impregnation of a titanium dioxide support with an aqueous NH4VO3 solution (reflux for 4 h, calcination at 623 K for 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: CdTiO3 Thin Films from an Octa‐Nuclear Bimetallic Single Source Precursor by Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AACVD).
Authors: Bakar Shahzad Abu , Hussain Syed Tajammul , Mazhar Muhammad
Published: January 2013

Mesoporous, crack‐free, and crystalline CdTiO3 thin films are deposited by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition on a fluorine doped SnO2 coated conducting glass substrate using [Cd4Ti4(dmae)4(TFA)8 (OAc)4O6] (dmae: N,N‐dimethylaminoethanolate) as precursor.
ChemInform Abstract: Soluble Zintl Phases A14ZnGe16 (A: K, Rb) Featuring [(η3‐Ge4) Zn(η2‐Ge4)]6‐ and [Ge4]4‐ Clusters and the Isolation of [(MesCu)2(η3,η3‐Ge4)] 4‐: The Missing Link in the Solution Chemistry of Tetrahedral Group 14 Element Zintl Clusters.
Authors: Stegmaier Saskia , Waibel Markus , Henze Alexander , Jantke Laura‐Alice , Karttunen Antti J. , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: January 2013

The new, isotypic compounds (IV) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pmn21 with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) for Sustainable and Diastereoselective Radical Reduction.
Authors: Gansaeuer Andreas , Klatte Max , Braendle Gerhard M. , Friedrich Joachim
Published: January 2013

A readily available nontoxic silane is used as terminal reductant for epoxides that are opened by in situ formed bifunctional titanocene(III) hydride catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Cyclobutenes in Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangement of 1,6‐Enynes.
Authors: Escribano‐Cuesta Ana , Perez‐Galan Patricia , Herrero‐Gomez Elena , Sekine Masaki , Braga Ataualpa A. C. , Maseras Feliu , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: January 2013

The gold‐catalyzed rearrangement of 1,6‐ and 1,7‐enynes is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Dioxide Supported on Aluminum Silicate: A New Reagent for Oxidation of Alcohols under Heterogeneous Conditions.
Authors: Huang Li‐Hong , Ma Yi‐Chun , Zhang Changhe , Wang Qiang , Zou Xiao‐Nan , Lou Ji‐Dong
Published: January 2013

Manganese dioxide supported on aluminum silicate selectively oxidizes both benzylic alcohols and cinnamyl alcohol to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Arylation of Substituted Cyclopentenes by Substrate‐Directable Heck—Matsuda Reactions: A Concise Total Synthesis of the Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate Receptor (S1P1) Agonist VPC01091.
Authors: Oliveira Caio C. , dos Santos Emerson A. F. , Bormio Nunes Julia H. , Correia Carlos Roque D.
Published: January 2013

Pd‐catalyzed treatment of the cyclopentene (I) with various arenediazonium borates results in efficient and stereoselective formation of products of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Ligand‐Free and Base‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Reaction: Arylation of Ammonia and Primary Amines as Their Acetate Salts.
Authors: Siddegowda Maravanahalli S. , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Ramakrishna Ramesha A.
Published: January 2013

Reaction of haloarenes with ammonium acetate or acetates of primary amines, generated in situ, provides the corresponding aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Lv Jun , Liu Qiancai , Tang Jie , Perdih Franc , Kanjc Kristof
Published: January 2013

A novel approach to the title compounds (II), required as electron‐donating components in material chemistry, is developed via C—X/C—H coupling of N‐(2‐bromoaryl)‐substituted carbazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 2‐Pyrazolines and α,β‐Diamino Ketones via Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Hydrazone‐Tethered Aziridines.
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wang De , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: January 2013

The simple protocol to access racemic and non‐racemic 2‐pyrazolines (II), (IV) and α,β‐diamino ketones (VI) through a regioselective SN2‐type ring‐opening of title compounds (I), (III) and (V) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Important β‐Functionalized 5‐Methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐ol Derivatives in the Presence of γ‐Alumina Catalyst in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Rohman Md. Rumum , Mecadon Hormi , Khan Abu T. , Myrboh Bekington
Published: January 2013

The efficient four‐component synthesis of the title compounds involves condensation of ethyl acetoacetate with hydrazine and in situ coupling of the resulting pyrazole with ethyl cyanoacetate and aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Azidoaryl‐ and Azidoalkyloxazoles for Click Chemistry.
Authors: Loner Catherine M. , Luzzio Frederick A. , Demuth Donald R.
Published: January 2013

Aminative heterocyclization of azido‐substituted esters with ammonium acetate in acetic acid gives the title compounds (II), required for biological evaluation in biofilm inhibition.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Facile Approach for Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐7‐aryl‐6‐cyano‐4H‐pyrano[3,2‐b]pyrroles
Authors: Sandaroos Reza , Damavandi Saman
Published: January 2013

via Fe(III)‐catalyzed one‐pot, three‐component reactions of 3‐hydroxyindole (I), various aromatic aldehydes (II), and malononitrile
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Coupling of Coumarins with Simple Arenes.
Authors: Min Minsik , Hong Sungwoo
Published: January 2013

A novel method for the C4‐regiocontrolled oxidative cross‐coupling of coumarins (I) and unactivated arenes (II) via a Pd‐catalyzed twofold C—H functionalization is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Stereoselective Construction of N‐Formylpiperidines via a Michael‐Aza‐Henry‐Hemiaminalization Reaction Cascade.
Authors: Chawla Ruchi , Rai Ankita , Singh Atul K. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: January 2013

The method includes formation of 2 C—C bonds and 1 C—N bond to produce the target compounds with 5 contiguous chiral centers.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Quinolin‐2(1H)‐ones via Cyclization of Penta‐2,4‐dienamides Mediated by H2SO4.
Authors: Liu Xu , Xin Xin , Xiang Dexuan , Zhang Rui , Kumar Santosh , Zhou Fenguo , Dong Dewen
Published: January 2013

The reaction proceeds via formation of a dicationic superelectrophile followed by intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: A Three Component One‐Pot Synthesis and Biological Studies of Some New Octahydroacridine‐1,8‐dione Derivatives Containing Tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinoline Moiety.
Authors: Bhuva Sandip V. , Patel Manish P.
Published: January 2013

All synthesized compounds are screened for their antimicrobial and anti‐tubercular activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomagnetically Modified Sulfuric Acid (γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2‐OSO3H): An Efficient, Fast, and Reusable Green Catalyst for the Ugi‐Like Groebke—Blackburn—Bienayme Three‐Component Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Rostamnia Sadegh , Lamei Kamran , Mohammadquli Mohsen , Sheykhan Mehdi , Heydari Akbar
Published: January 2013

Reaction of 2‐aminopyridines or 2‐aminothiazole with aldehydes and isonitriles under optimized conditions renders possible a mild and efficient access to biologically interesting heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Approach for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐ones Using a Microwave Promoted Biginelli Protocol in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Dadhania Abhishek N. , Patel Vaibhav K. , Raval Dipak K.
Published: January 2013

A carboxy functionalized ionic liquid is an efficient and green catalyst for the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: New Pyrimidinone and Fused Pyrimidinone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Chemotherapeutics.
Authors: Rashad Aymn E. , Shamroukh Ahmed H. , Yousif Nabil M. , Salama Mowafia A. , Ali Hatem S. , Ali Mamdouh M. , Mahmoud Abeer E. , El‐Shahat Mahmoud
Published: January 2013

A series of new pyrimidinone derivatives is synthesized starting from oxiranyl aryl ketone (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Caryl—Calkyl Bond Formation from Cu(ClO4)2‐Mediated Oxidative Cross Coupling Reaction Between Arenes and Alkyllithium Reagents Through Structurally Well‐Defined Ar—Cu(III) Intermediates.
Authors: Wang Zu‐Li , Zhao Liang , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: January 2013

The stable and structurally well‐defined Ar—Cu(III) species (I), generated almost quantitatively via reaction of corresponding azacalixarenepyridines with Cu(ClO4)2 under aerobic conditions, smoothly react with various alkyllithium reagents furnishing alkylation products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,5‐Dihydrobenzo[b]azepine Derivatives via Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination with 2‐Allylanilines and Ring‐Closing‐Metathesis Reaction.
Authors: Ye Ke‐Yin , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: January 2013

Asymmetric allylic amination of allylic carbonates (II) and (VIII) with o‐allylanilines (I) provides access towards N‐allylamines as branched isomers (III) and (IX), resp., with high to excellent regio‐ (90:10 ‐ 99:1) and enantioselectivity (up to 99% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Au/SiO2 as a Highly Active Catalyst for the Selective Oxidation of Silanes to Silanols.
Authors: Li Wanjun , Wang Aiqin , Yang Xiaofeng , Huang Yanqiang , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2013

An Au/SiO2 catalyst with highly dispersed Au‐nanoparticles is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the Lithiation—Borylation Reaction to the Rapid and Enantioselective Synthesis of the Bisabolane Family of Sesquiterpenes.
Authors: Aggarwal Varinder K. , Ball Liam T. , Carobene Simon , Connelly Rickki L. , Hesse Matthew J. , Partridge Benjamin M. , Roth Philippe , Thomas Stephen P. , Webster Matthew P.
Published: January 2013

Starting materials (I) and (V) are prepared from the corresponding ketones by means of Noyori′s transfer‐hydrogenation procedure.