bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Dust Grain Evolution from Extinction Mapping in the IC 63 Photodissociation Region*
Authors: Van De Putte Dries , Gordon Karl D. , Roman-Duval Julia , Williams Benjamin F. , Baes Maarten , Tchernyshyov Kirill , Lawton Brandon L. , Arab Heddy
Published: December 2019

Photodissociation regions (PDRs) are parts of the ISM consisting of predominantly neutral gas, located at the interface between H ii regions and molecular clouds. The physical conditions within these regions show variations on very short spatial scales, and therefore PDRs constitute ideal laboratories for investigating the properties and evolution of dust grains. We have mapped IC 63 at high resolution from the UV to the NIR (275 nm to 1.6 μm), using the Hubble Space Telescope WFC3. Using a Bayesian SED fitting tool, we simultaneously derive a set of stellar (T
eff,

, distance) and extinction (A

V
, R

V
) parameters for 520 background stars. We present maps of A

V
and R

V
with a resolution of 25 arcsec based on these results. The extinction properties vary across the PDR, with values for A

V
between 0.5 and 1.4 mag, and a decreasing trend in R

V
, going from 3.7 at the front of the nebula to values as low as 2.5 further in. This provides evidence for evolution of the dust optical properties. We fit two modified blackbodies to the MIR and FIR SED, obtained by combining the A

V
map with data from Spitzer and Herschel. We derive effective temperatures (30 and 227 K) and the ratio of opacities at 160 μm to V band κ
160/κ

V
(7.0 × 10−4 and 2.9 × 10−9) for the two dust populations. Similar fits to individual pixels show spatial variations of κ
160/κ

V
. The analysis of our HST data, combined with these Spitzer and Herschel data, provides the first panchromatic view of dust within a PDR.
Resolving 3D Disk Orientation Using High-resolution Images: New Constraints on Circumgalactic Gas Inflows
Authors: Ho Stephanie H. , Martin Crystal L.
Published: December 2019

We constrain gas inflow speeds in star-forming galaxies with color gradients consistent with inside-out disk growth. Our method combines new measurements of disk orientation with previously described circumgalactic absorption in background quasar spectra. Two quantities, a position angle and an axis ratio, describe the projected shape of each galactic disk on the sky, leaving an ambiguity about which side of the minor axis is tipped toward the observer. This degeneracy regarding the 3D orientation of disks has compromised previous efforts to measure gas inflow speeds. We present Hubble Space Telescope and Keck/LGSAO imaging that resolves the spiral structure in five galaxies at redshift z ≈ 0.2. We determine the sign of the disk inclination for four galaxies, under the assumption that spiral arms trail the rotation. We project models for both radial infall in the disk plane and circular orbits onto each quasar sightline. We compare the resulting line-of-sight velocities to the observed velocity range of Mg ii absorption in spectra of background quasars, which intersect the disk plane at radii between 69 and 115 kpc. For two sightlines, we constrain the maximum radial inflow speeds as 30–40 km s−1. We also rule out a velocity component from radial inflow in one sightline, suggesting that the structures feeding gas to these growing disks do not have unity covering factor. We recommend appropriate selection criteria for building larger samples of galaxy–quasar pairs that produce orientations sensitive to constraining inflow properties.
Multiwavelength Polarimetry of the Filamentary Cloud IC 5146. II. Magnetic Field Structures
Authors: Wang Jia-Wei , Lai Shih-Ping , Clemens Dan P. , Koch Patrick M. , Eswaraiah Chakali , Chen Wen-Ping , Pandey Anil K.
Published: December 2019

The IC 5146 cloud is a nearby star-forming region in Cygnus, consisting of molecular gas filaments in a variety of evolutionary stages. We used optical and near-infrared polarization data toward the IC 5146 cloud, reported in the first paper of this series, to reveal the magnetic fields in this cloud. Using the newly released Gaia data, we found that the IC 5146 cloud may contain two separate clouds: a first cloud, including the densest main filament at a distance of ∼600 pc, and a second cloud, associated with the Cocoon Nebula at a distance of ∼800 pc. The spatially averaged H-band polarization map revealed a well-ordered magnetic field morphology, with the polarization segments perpendicular to the main filament but parallel to the nearby subfilaments, consistent with models assuming that the magnetic field is regulating cloud evolution. We estimated the magnetic field strength using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method and found that the magnetic field strength scales with volume density with a power-law index of ∼0.5 in the density range from

to 3000 cm−3, which indicates an anisotropic cloud contraction with a preferred direction along the magnetic field. In addition, the mass-to-flux ratio of the cloud gradually changes from subcritical to supercritical from the cloud envelope to the deep regions. These features are consistent with strong magnetic field star formation models and suggest that the magnetic field is important in regulating the evolution of the IC 5146 cloud.
Active Smoking is Associated with Lower Dialysis Adequacy in Prevalent Dialysis Patients
Authors: Trajceska Lada , Selim Gjulsen , Zdraveska Marija , Dimitrievska Deska , Mladenovska Daniela , Sikole Aleksandar
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Dialysis adequacy measured by single pool Kt/V (spKt/V) lower than 1.2 or urea reduction rate (URR) lower than 65% is associated with a significant increase in patient mortality rate. Patientsâ€™ adherence to the medical treatment is crucial to achieve recommended targets for spKt/V. Smoking is a recognized factor of non-adherence.
AIM: In this study we sought to assess the association of active smoking and dialysis adequacy.
METHODS: A total of 134 prevalent dialysis patients from one dialysis center were included in an observational cross-sectional study. Clinical, laboratory and dialysis data were obtained from medical charts in previous 6 months. The number of missed, on purpose interrupted or prematurely terminated dialysis sessions was obtained. Dialysis adequacy was calculated as spKt/V and URR. Patients were questioned about current active smoking status. T-test and Chi-Square test were used for comparative analysis of dialysis adequacy with regard to smoking status.
RESULTS: The majority of patients declared a non-smoking status (100 (75%)) and 34 (25%) were active smokers. Male gender, younger age and shorter dialysis vintage were significantly more often present in the active smokers ((9 (26%) vs 25 (73%), p = 0.028; 57.26 Â± 12.59 vs 50.15 Â± 14.10, p = 0.012; 118.59 Â± 76.25 vs 88.82 Â± 57.63, p = 0.030)), respectively. spKt/V and URR were significantly lower and Kt/V target was less frequently achieved in smokers ((1.46 Â± 0.19 vs. 1.30 Â± 0.021, p = 0.019; 67.14 Â± 5.86 vs. 63.64 Â± 8.30, p = 0.002; 14 (14%) vs. 11 (32%), p = 0.023), respectively. Shorter dialysis sessions, larger ultra filtrations and higher percentage of missed/interrupted dialysis session on patientsâ€™ demand were observed in smokers (4.15 Â± 0.30 vs. 4.05 Â± 0.17, p = 0.019; 3.10 Â± 0.78 vs. 3.54 Â± 0.92, p = 0.017; 25 (0.3%) vs. 48 (1.8%), p = 0.031), respectively.
CONCLUSION: Active smokers, especially younger men, achieve lower than the recommended levels for dialysis adequacy. Non-adherence to treatment prescription in smokers is a problem to be solved. Novel studies are recommended in patients on dialysis, to further elucidate the association of dialysis adequacy with the active smoking status.
Possible Role of Serum Leptin as Biomarker in COPD
Authors: Zhelyazkova Yanitsa A. , Tacheva Tanya T. , Dimov Dimo M. , Vlaykova Denitsa G. , Bivolarska Aneliya V. , Vlaykova Tatyana I.
Published: December 2019

Leptin is one of the adipokines shown to exert a significant effect in respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible role of serum leptin as biomarker in COPD.The serum leptin levels were assessed in 58 patents with stable COPD and 21 controls applying ELISA method.The leptin levels were higher, although not significantly, in COPD patients than in controls (221.52±24.28(SE) vs. 165.04±26.01 pg/ml, p=0.197). This tendency turned out significant when only females were compared (414.60±60.63 vs. 219.40±44.15 pg/ml, p=0.038). The levels of leptin were highly dependent on the BMI both in COPD patients (p<0.001) and in controls (p=0.024): they were the highest in obese individuals and decreased with reducing the BMI.In the COPD group, women had significantly higher leptin levels than men (p<0.0001) independent of the BMI. The non-smoking patients had significantly higher leptin levels than ex-smokers (p=0.007) and current smokers (p=0.007). In patients with BMI above 25, several associations were observed: patients with mild COPD had higher serum leptin level than those with severe or very severe COPD (p=0.038); the leptin levels correlated positively with FEV1% (r= 0.304, p=0.045) and FEV1/FVC ratio (I= 0.348, p=0.021), and tended to correlate negatively with ABCD GOLD groups (Rho=-0.300, p=0.043) and with the CAT points (Rho=-0.258, p=0.091); the leptin levels below 300 ng/ml determined 4.08-fold higher risk for more severe COPD.The results of our study confirm that the serum leptin levels depend significantly on the BMI and are interfered by gender and smoking habits. However, this adipokine cannot be used as a serum biomarker for distinguishing COPD patients, but its decrease might be associated with aggravation of the disease.
Postoperative Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome in an Adult Patient
Authors: Shamov Todor P. , Tivcheva Ioanna , Eftimov Tihomir
Published: December 2019

Postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome is a common complication occurring after surgical treatment of medulloblastoma in children. The clinical course of this syndrome is characterized by delayed onset after the surgical intervention, loss of speech, emotional lability, hypotonia, and oropharyngeal dysfunction. This syndrome is rarely seen in adults. We report here a case of postoperative cerebellar mutism in a 25-year-old female patient, who underwent a surgical intervention due to medulloblastoma of the forth ventricle. There are very few reported cases in literature of this syndrome. In the discussion we discuss the likely reasons for the syndrome to develop in adult patients.
Oral Hygiene Status and Gingivitis in Overweight and Obese Children
Authors: Sapunarova Plamena T. , Nihtyanova Tanya I. , Petrova Svetla G. , Kukleva Maria P.
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Obesity poses a significant health risk to our society with prevalence that has dramatically increased in children. Obesity and periodontal diseases share many common risk factors.

Aim: To study the oral hygiene status and prevalence of gingivitis in children with increased body mass index. 

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Plovdiv, October-December 2017 and January-March 2018 among 1826 school children aged 6-11. The oral hygiene status was determined using Silness-Loe plaque index and Green-Vermillion calculus index assessed on vestibular surfaces of first maxillary permanent molars and one maxillary and one mandibular central permanent incisor, and lingual surfaces of mandibular first permanent molars. The condition of the gingiva was determined as presence or absence of gingivitis.

Results: The study included 1826 children (953 boys and 921 girls). With regard to BMI, the distribution should be 5% underweight, 66.5% normal weight, 17.7% overweight, and 10.8% obese, as in the text below. There was no significant correlation between age and BMI. No significant correlation was found between BMI and gingivitis (p>0.05). Quality of oral hygiene was significantly associated only with gender: χ2(2)=18.847, p<0.001; χ2(1) =7.582, p<0.05 as the group of boys presented with greater accumulation of dental plaque and calculus.

Conclusion: Increased BMI is not an independent predictor of gingivitis. Poor oral hygiene is strongly associated only with gender
Antimalarial Phytochemicals Identification from Euphorbia Hirta against Plasmepsin Protease: an In Silico Approach
Authors: Shah Ashish P. , Parmar Ghanshyam R. , Sailor Girish U. , Seth Avinash K.
Published: December 2019

Background: Aspartic protease found in plasmodium parasites such as plasmepsin I, II and IV plays an important role in the degradation of hemoglobin. The studies have shown that effective drug must be able to inhibit more than one type of plasmepsin to avoid further growth of parasites and to prevent resistance of drug. Therefore, plasmepsins are believed to be excellent drug target for malarial disease. Extract of the plant Euphorbia hirta has been proved to exert antimalarial activity. However, molecular mechanism of this activity was not described.

Aim: The aim of present investigation is to identify antimalarial phytochemicals of Euphorbia hirta as plasmepsin protease inhibitors using an in silico approach.

Materials and methods: Docking studies were performed on three different protein targets plasmepsin I, II, and IV using iGEMDOCK. ADME and bioactivity predictions were done using molinspiration online tool. Toxicity studies were performed using ProTox-II online tool.

Results: In the docking studies seven compounds showed significant inhibitory activity with low docking score as compared to standard drug artemisinin. Six compounds showed no violations as per Lipinski rule. Bioactivity prediction states that all the compounds may act through enzyme inhibition. The results of in silico studies suggest that out of the eleven selected phytochemicals isorhamnetin and pinocembrin have more drug likeliness properties and lesser in silico toxicity with more binding affinity than artemisinin on all receptors. 

Conclusion: These findings indicate that isorhamnetin and pinocembrin have promising potential for development of antimalarial drug as plasmepsin inhibitors.
Late Choroidal Effusion after Phacoemulsification in Eyes with Previous Trabeculectomy
Authors: Konareva-Kostianeva Marieta , Kostianeva-Zhelinska Snezhina , Stoyanova Nina
Published: December 2019

Aim: To present 5 cases of late choroidal detachment occurring spontaneously in pseudophakic glaucomatous eyes with previous trabeculectomy before cataract surgery. We discuss the causes, risk factors, frequency, diagnostic methods, differential diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Materials and methods: In the presented 5 cases the choroidal effusion is proved by ophthalmoscopy and echography. Late choroidal detachment occurs after phacoemulsification 6 months at the earliest and 9 years at the latest (mean period 2.5 years) in glaucomatous eyes with previous trabeculectomy. To prove choroidal detachment we accomplished routine ophthalmological examination including medical history, visual acuity, tonometry, examination of anterior segment (AS) and fundus. We have done B-scan echography using А/В Ocular Ultrasound Aviso Quantel Medical.Results: One of the patients had hemorrhagic detachment confirmed by B-scan echography, the other four patients had serous detachment. The examined patients had the glaucomatous disease for 10.4±6.11 years (mean±SD). Mean age at the time of choroidal effusion diagnosis was 76.8±7.6 years (68-87 years). The period between the trabeculectomy and the following phacoemulsification was 6±3.08 years (from 1 to 9 years). All patients received anti-glaucomatous topical therapy, including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, before the occurrence of the effusion. In all cases conservative treatment with corticosteroids and cycloplegics was enough to overcome the detachment and restore visual acuity.Conclusion: Late choroidal effusion after phacoemulsification in eyes with previous trabeculectomy is associated with an application of unjustified powerful hypotensive topical medications after cataract surgery associated with an additional reduction of intraocular pressure in most cases.
Diet of Natalus mexicanus (Chiroptera, Natalidae) in a semi-evergreen forest in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Santos-Moreno Antonio , Soriano-Cruz Marina
Published: December 2019

We investigated the diet composition of Natalus mexicanus in a semi-evergreen forest in the state of Oaxaca, in the southeast of Mexico, using fecal analysis. The diet was composed of eight arthropod orders, the most abundant and important preys being members of the orders Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera. We did not observe significant differences in diet composition between males and females or in proportions consumed by the bats and those obtained through collections with light traps. In the study area, N. mexicanus is a species with a generalist opportunist diet.
Opening data and research objects in viticulture: The Viticulture Data Journal (VDJ)
Authors: Penev Lyubomir , Stavrakaki Maritina , Georgiev Teodor , Candela Leonardo , Poni Stefano , Savé Robert , Rusjan Denis , Biniari Katerina , Pezzotti Mario , Neveu Pascal , Stoev Pavel
Published: December 2019

The Viticulture Data Journal (VDJ) is launched with the aim of offering a publication venue for non-conventional but valuable outputs of the research cycle: data, models, methods, software, data analytics pipelines and visualisation methods in viticultural research. VDJ is published on the ARPHA journal platform, which supports the full life cycle of a manuscript, from writing through submission, peer review, publication and dissemination within a single online collaborative platform. During the AGINFRA+ project, which has supported the journal launch, ARPHA has been extended to be used from the AGINFRA+ Virtual Research Environment (VRE).
Brachial Neuritis: An Uncommon Cause of Shoulder Pain
Authors: Hosey Robert G , Rodenberg Richard E
Published: December 2019

Brachial neuritis, an uncommon idiopathic syndrome, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute nontraumatic shoulder pain with weakness.
A Comparison of Distal Canal Restrictors in Primary Cemented Femoral Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Smith Eric L , Wohlrab Kurt P , Matzkin Elizabeth G , Providence Bertram C
Published: December 2019

abstract

A retrospective study evaluated 75 total hip arthroplasties performed over a 4-year period using 4 different cement restrictors. A harvested bone restrictor, polyethylene restrictor (Smith & Nephew, Richards Inc, Memphis, Tenn), Biostop G (Depuy Orthopaedics, Warsaw, Ind), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (Wright Medical Technology, Arlington, Tex) were compared for the percentage of failures, the average length of the cement mantle, and the width of the femoral canal compared to the cement grade. Patient age, sex, and cement type were also evaluated for their influence on cement grade. The PMMA restrictor and bone performed better than the Richards plug and Biostop G restrictor.
The Use of a Two C-arm Technique in the Treatment of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Klug Raphael , McCarthy James J , Eilert Robert E
Published: December 2019

A two C-arm technique in the treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis allows the surgeon to accurately and quickly pin the hip in situ without the added time, radiographic exposure, and risk of contamination associated with repositioning a single C-arm from the anteroposterior to lateral position.
Treatment of Supracondylar Humeral Fractures in Children Using External Fixation
Authors: Gris Mireille , Van Nieuwenhove Olivier , Gehanne Cyrille , Quintin Jean , Burny Franz
Published: December 2019

External fixation of supracondylar fractures in children is a simple and versatile method that combines the advantages of traction and surgical fixation.
Swiss humanitarian aid during the Spanish Civil War: The journey of Anna Siemsen and Regina Kägi-Fuchsmann
Authors: Calvo Salgado Luís Manuel
Published: December 2019

Anna Siemsen’s and Regina Kägi-Fuchsmann’s journey to Spain in May 1937 resulted in two accounts regarding their experiences and views of Swiss humanitarian aid in the Civil War. The comparison between these two narratives makes it possible to study the role and the expression of fear, sadness and indignation at the bombing and the forced displacement of the civil population during the war. They are shared emotions yet expressed by each one in different ways depending on the function of their ideas and their perceptions. The empathy with the displaced people, especially with the children evacuated from Madrid to Valencia and Catalonia, is the main motivation of the participants in the Swiss humanitarian aid to Republican Spain, which raises some moral dilemmas. This empathy is furthermore characterized by a strong sympathy for the civil, social and democratic values represented by the Spanish Republic. Anna Siemsen’s and Regina Kägi-Fuchsmann’s religious and ideological beliefs, however, establish the limits of their empathy.
Help Spain by showing films. British film production for humanitarian aid during the Spanish Civil War
Authors: López-Martín Laura
Published: December 2019

The Spanish Civil War mobilised a wide spectrum of the British population, a mood which materialised in the despatch of humanitarian aid, mainly to republican Spain. To this end, there were meetings and rallies in which the use of film was customary. Films made it possible to show a different reality from that which appeared on the newsreels, provided an opportunity for fund-raising and showed the deployment and results of the aid received. The distribution of the films, and occasionally their production, was undertaken by progressive film organisations, close to the Communist party, which raised doubts vis-à-vis the real intentions of the humanitarian organisations.
The Humanitarian Aid of the Joint Relief Commission of the International Red Cross in France to the civil population: children, women and internees (1940-1946)
Authors: Iordache Cârstea Luiza
Published: December 2019

The objective of this article is the analysis of the humanitarian relief work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the League of the Red Cross Societies through a joint body, the Joint Relief Committee (JRC), in France during the Second World War. Based on the treaties, convention and draft projects that shed light on the evolution and consolidation of the International Humanitarian Law relating to civilian defence and on the specialized bibliography, reports of the ICRC and the JRC, documentary sources of the ICRC Archives, and photo library of the same organization, the article focuses on humanitarian aid and priorities of the JRC in favour of the civilian population most vulnerable to and affected by war: children, women and internees in the concentration camps in South of France. This study, accompanied by photos, maps and quantitative data, sheds light on the channels of humanitarian action, the charitable organizations, associations, institutions, foundations, etc., that made this possible, as well as the loopholes and limitations of international humanitarian law, with important consequences for human life during a major conflict such as the Second World War.
Couleurs et plantes colorantes dans l’art yoruba Enquête de terrain
Authors: Fagbohoun  Louis , Vieillescazes  Cathy , Mathe Carole , Romeggio Camille
Published: December 2019

Cet article explore la matière colorée rencontrée sur les sculptures yoruba (Nigeria/Bénin). Ces couches picturales sont peu connues notamment, au niveau de leur liant mais aussi quant à l’utilisation, en dehors des habituels ocres et kaolin, de colorants végétaux. Ces derniers, habituellement employés en teinture textile ou en vannerie, ont également été utilisés en peinture. Les recherches et les analyses scientifiques menées dans le cadre de ce travail permettent de conforter ce point de vue. Une équipe pluridisciplinaire composée de chimistes et d’une conservatrice-restauratrice conduit cette étude depuis plusieurs années. Il s’agit présentement de faire le point sur les connaissances et informations de ce programme de recherche.
Fabrication of Bioactive Zirconia by Doubled Sandblasting Process and Incorporation of Apatite Nuclei
Authors: Zamin Hasnat , Yabutsuka Takeshi , Takai Shigeomi , Sakaguchi Hiroshi , Yao Takeshi
Published: December 2019

In this study, we aimed to introduce bioactivity to bioinert zirconia by performing sandblasting process and subsequently depositing apatite nuclei (AN), which are fine particles of calcium phosphate precipitated by raising pH of SBF, on the surface of the zirconia samples. By soaking the AN treated zirconia samples in SBF, hydroxyapatite formation was observed in 1 day and high hydroxyapatite-forming ability was attained.
Cell Adhesion Ability of α-Tricalcium Phosphate Films Formed on Titanium Substrates by an Er:YAG Laser Deposition Method: Imprecations for Management of Peri-Implant Inflammation
Authors: Yamamoto Ei , Nakazawa Masahiro , Hirai Mizuki , Hashimoto Yoshiya , Baba Shunsuke , Hontsu Shigeki
Published: December 2019

Dental implants have been widely used to restore missing or damaged teeth. Peri-implantitis is one of the main causes of the implant loss. However, a consensus concerning clinically successful peri-implantitis treatment has not been reached at present. We have newly proposed a treatment method for the peri-implantitis by applying the intraoral laser ablation technique to induce a surface modification of dental implants. In the present study, we investigated the cell adhesion ability of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) films formed on titanium substrates by an Erbium-Doped:Yttrium, Aluminum, and Garnet (Er:YAG) laser deposition method. Cell adhesion was enhanced by the α-TCP films attached firmly to the substrates using the Er:YAG laser deposition method. This intraoral laser deposition technique can be used to recover the osteointegration ability which was lost by the treatment procedures for peri-implantitis.
Fabrication of Low Temperature Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Mohd Noor Muhammad Syazwan , Mohd Noor Ahmad Fauzi , Baba Ismail Yanny Marliana
Published: December 2019

Three-dimensional (3D) porous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds were successfully prepared using polyurethane (PU) replication technique. Two sets of porous scaffolds were prepared using as-synthesized and as-calcined CHA powder as the main component of the slurry. The effect of the condition of starting material was investigated in terms of structure, phase purity, crystallinity and morphology of the fabricated porous scaffolds. Regardless of the condition of starting material used, the porous scaffolds fabricated was single phase B-type CHA and free of secondary phases. Interestingly, scaffolds made of as-calcined CHA powder (SC scaffolds) showed a smoother surface and more solidified struts when compared to as-synthesized CHA powder (SA scaffolds). This is attributed to the state of semi-crystalline phase of the as-calcined powder being amorphous phase. SC scaffold was found to be better scaffold with respect to handling, compaction strength and microstructure with better strut properties.
Efficacy of Papain-Arginine Gel on Gingivitis Treatment Caused by Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Regina Jessica , Astridtasya Angela Putrika , Ningtyas Maria Rosari Adinda , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali , Rosyida Niswati Fathmah
Published: December 2019

Orthodontic appliances can be linked to a lack of proper oral hygiene which is commonly associated with gingivitis incidence. Gingivitis treatment is required to prevent further periodontal diseases such as periodontitis, pocket formation, tooth luxation, and tooth loss. Papain is known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects, while arginine is known for its capability to inhibit biofilm formation and interfering plaque stability. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of papain-arginine gel on gingivitis caused by orthodontic appliances. The gel was prepared from CMC-Na as the polymer. The papain and arginine powder was successfully dissolved homogenously into the CMC-Na in aquadest 50 mL at 25°C. Papain-arginine gel showed good stability in room temperature with pH 7. Therefore, the gel is suitable for oral application. Twenty-seven adult Sprague dawleyrats weighing ± 250–300 g were included in this study. A closing loop was placed in the margin gingiva of animal’s upper incisor to generate orthodontic force and develop reproducible gingivitis. After 7 days of orthodontic tooth movement, animals were randomly divided into three groups; the papain-arginine gel group, the chlorhexidine gel group, and the untreated group. Three rats in every group were conducted clinical observation on its gingival index (GI) and periodontal pocket depths (PPD) before and at 1, 3 and 7 days after treatment. The number of newly-formed capillaries, neutrophils and macrophages proliferation were evaluated using haematoxylin-eosin staining. The clinical response such as increasing GI and decreasing PPD on the treatment did not appear significant difference (P> .05); while the histopathological analysis showed neutrophil and macrophage proliferation were significantly higher andreached its peak on day 3 after papain-arginine and chlorhexidine gel application(P < .05).A considerably larger number of newly-formed capillary formed, and the smaller number of neutrophils and macrophages were noticed significantly at 7 days after papain-arginine and chlorhexidine gel treatment (P> .05). In early gingivitis lesion, gingiva may appear clinically healthy. However, previous studies suggested that inflammatory cells decrease indicates the process of gingivitis healing. Treatment with papain-arginine gel compared to the untreated group significantly diminished the process of inflammation. Hence, it can be concluded that papain-arginine gel was efficient in treating gingivitis caused by orthodontic appliances.
Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicament in Pulp Necrosis with Periapical Lesion : A Case Report
Authors: Sahara Elvi , Farah Rahmi Alma , Zakaria Myrna Nurlatifah
Published: December 2019

Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] has been widely used as an intracanal medicament especially in treatment of periapical lesion. This case report will discuss about calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament in a periapical lesion of an upper left central incisor. This case describes about treatment of periapical lesion with suspect of infected cyst with symptoms and root resorption. Root canal preparation was done by crown down technique using protaper hands universal from S1/27mm until F5/27mm. Calcium hydroxide paste was continuously applicated every 2 weeks as intracanal medicament until the periapical index (PAI) of lesion decrease, in this case PAI decreased from scale 5 until scale 2 during three months recall. Calcium hydroxide supports tissue repair, stimulates fibroblast formation and damage the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, denature their proteins or damage the DNA by its alkaline property. As conclusion, the use of calcium hydroxide successfully decrease the periapical lesion index in the periapical radiograph examination and can be considered as a simple and effective medicament for endodontic infection.
White MTA as a Material to Seal Iatrogenic Perforation for Furcation Teeth: A Case Report
Authors: Pahlawan Priscilla Daniego , Farah Rahmi Alma , Zakaria Myrna Nurlatifah
Published: December 2019

Iatrogenic perforation is a common complication in endodontic treatment or restoration procedure. Recent developments in dentistry have improved tooth perforation prognosis. MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) is one of the chosen materials to seal tooth perforation. This case report discuss the management of an iatrogenic furcal perforation using White Angelus MTA to seal the furcal perforation on tooth 26 and its final restoration. Furcal perforation accured while removing the calcification in the mesio buccal canal using Protapper Next rotary file after sealing the perforation site, further root canal preparation was carried on, and root canals were medicated by Calcium Hydroxide. After 2 weeks root canal were obturated with Gutta Percha. After one week observation post obturation patient had no complain, and radiographic evaluation show good sealing by MTA. In Conclusion Angelus MTA have good sealing ability marginal adaptation, and the absence of calcium sulfate had reduced the setting time of the material. It is a suitable material to seal iatrogenic furcal perforation due to its biocompatibility, antimicrobial, good sealing ability, and low solubility.
Synthesis of Dihexyldithiophosphate Ligand and a Preliminary Study on Its Use for the Extraction of Gadolinium from Rare Earth Elements Mixture
Authors: Wyantuti Santhy , Pratomo Uji , Aprilani Mira , Anggraeni Anni , Bahti Husein Hernandi
Published: December 2019

Development of body imaging techniques for medical diagnosis has future promising. To improve the image visibility, Gadolinium (Gd) has been known as an important material for preparing the contrast agent. However, since the rare earth metals have unique physical properties, the separation of Gd from the other metals by a simple, effective and efficient method is still challenging. Hereby, we report the separation of Gd from the rare earth mixture with dihexyl dithiophosphate (DHDTP) ligand by solvent extraction method. The amount of Gd before and after the extraction process was determined with ICP-OES. The results show that the extraction efficiency for the mixed samples of Gd (III) and Sm (III) is 53.10% with 51.10% purity of Gd (III) and extraction efficiency for mixed samples of Gd (III) and Dy (III) is 93.82% with 50.35% purity of Gd (III). This result indicates that DHDTP can be used for solvent extraction of Gd.
Diametral Tensile Strength Evaluation of Carbonate Apatite Cement Reinforced by Genipin Cross-Linked Gelatin
Authors: Avriyanti Zatira , Hasratiningsih Zulia , Cahyanto Arief
Published: December 2019

Carbonate apatite is one of the most widely studied bioceramic material for its use as bone cement. On the previous study, it has already stated that CO3Ap cement has good osteoconductivity which makes this cement could be replaced by bone. However, the mechanical strength of CO3Ap cement is still low. This low mechanical strength is estimated due to the high porosity and absence of organic components. The aim of this study is to improve the mechanical strength of the CO3Ap cement reinforced by gelatin as an organic component with genipin as a cross-linking agent (Gelapin). The powder phase of vaterite and DCPA at weight ratio 40:60 were mixed with 0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4, 5% (w/v) gelatin, and 20% (v/v) genipin using 0.5 liquid to powder (L/P) ratio. The liquid phase ratios of Na2HPO4 and Gelapin were 50:50, 70:30, and 90:10. For control group, Gelapin were didn’t mixed in the liquid. Diametral tensile strength was improving and statistically significant (p<0.05) on set cement with 50:50 liquid ratio, the average value was 6.02 ± 0.14 MPa whereas the average value of the control group was only 3.10 ± 0.15 MPa. For this instance, gelatin serves a polymer matrix so the carbonate apatite crystallites could be well distributed within it which then gives more flexibility and resistance for the cement. On the other hand, genipin was also successfully cross-linked the gelatin. This study showed that by reinforcing CO3Ap cement using genipin cross-linked gelatin might be a good candidate for a bone substitute material.
Effect of Sintering Conditions on Translucency of High Translucent Zirconia
Authors: Kono Hiroshi , Arikawa Hiroyuki , Hamamura Syunichi , Sonoda Yasuhiro , Kikuchi Masafumi
Published: December 2019

Sintering of zirconia usually takes a long time. In recent years, new products with extremely short sintering time have been released. Therefore, it is useful to study in detail the effect of sintering temperature and time on translucency of zirconia. The prepared discs were sintered under four conditions; 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes and 60 minutes as firing temperature rising time up to 1500°C. Samples were measured with a spectrophotometer and translucency parameter (TP), opalescence parameter (OP) and contrast ratio (CR) were calculated. In this study, there were no statistically significant differences between TP, OP and CR due to the differences in heating rates. There is a possibility that a heating time up to the sintering temperature does not affect translucency of zirconia.
Preparation and Characterization of Zirconium Oxide-Doped Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Sidiqa Atia Nurul , Hardiansyah Andri , Chaldun Elsy Rahimi , Endro Hartanto
Published: December 2019

Various bioceramic materials including zirconia and hydroxyapatite have been developed for various applications. Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) is one of the most interesting features of calcium phosphate-based bioceramic that widely used in various applications especially for bio-application, bone engineering, and dentistry. However, the applications of pristine HAp have limited due to low load bearing applications. The wet chemical precipitation techniques was used to synthesize the solids based on zirconia. Hydroxyapatite and zirconia powder (0-30 weight %) were mixed homogeneously. Structure and morphological were characterized by SEM JEOL-JSM-T330A. The presence of functional group was observed by FTIR. Hardness value of material was measured by using Vickers hardness test measurement. Through this techniques, pure hydroxyapatite precipitate was obtained. Sintering temperature is an important factor that could influence the hardness of zirconia-doped hydroxyapatite. Based on the SEM observation, zirconia-doped hydroxyapatite were developed in blended morphology. FTIR results shows the interaction between hydroxyapatite and zirconia. Increasing zirconia increased the hardness value of zirconia-doped hydroxyapatite. Eventually, these ceramic-based materials could be developed for dental materials applications.
The Use of Sucrose Granule as Pore Maker in Preparation of Porous Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate
Authors: Dede Arsista , Eriwati Yosi Kusuma , Siti Triaminingsih , Sunarso Sunarso
Published: December 2019

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) has been clinically used as bone filler for decades. CSD bone graft is cheap, biocompatible and can be transformed to other osteoconductive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite and carbonate apatite. In addition, porous ceramic bone grafts is desired clinically. Development of porous ceramics bone graft with simple and cost-effective method is preferred. Thus, in this study, porous CSD was developed. Porous CSD can be used both as bone filler or precursor for porous hydroxyapatite and carbonate apatite. Porous CSD was prepared by mixing calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) containing sucrose granules with distilled water. After setting, the sucrose granules were removed by immersion in distilled water. Porous CSD was obtained after sucrose leaching. It was observed that more pore formed in the specimen with 50% sucrose granule compared with that of 25% sucrose granule. The sucrose was completely removed from the porous CSD evident from ATR-FTIR analysis. The diametral tensile strength of the porous CSD tend to decrease with the increase of sucrose granule. Finally, sucrose granule was feasible to be used as pore maker in preparation of porous CSD.
The Effect of Combination Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) with Bone Graft (Carbonate Apatite) to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Level: Tissue Engineering Research
Authors: Hendiani Ina , Susanto Agus , Nur Hikmah Zavani
Published: December 2019

Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) is a platelet that contains growth factor, such Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) that not only have implication in inflammation, stimulate tissue healing but also bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combination PRF with bone graft (carbonate apatite) to VEGF level. This research is an experimental study, with consecutive sampling technique. This research was conducted by selecting 20 subjects (12 male, 8 female) which divided into two groups; 10 subjects in the treatment group were given bone graft and PRF application while another 10 subjects in the control group were given only bone graft without PRF application. The measurement of VEGF level was taken by inserting the paper point no.30 into sulcus before the surgery (D0) and one week after surgery (D7). VEGF level was assessed by ELISA method. All collected data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon test with p <0.05, and Mann-Whitney test with p <0.05. The treatment group, VEGF level at D0 was 3.8 pg/ml and D7 was 8,1 pg/ml. The difference in the level of VEGF was 4.3 pg/ml. The average of the control group at D0 was 4.5 pg/ml and D7 was 5.4 pg/ml, obtained the difference in the level of VEGF 0.9 pg/ml. The Mann Whitney Test analysis showed there was a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group with p-value 0.038. PRF with bone graft application influence the increased level of VEGF.
Neonatal Injury Increases Gut Permeability by Epigenetically Suppressing E-Cadherin in Adulthood
Authors: Kline Kevin T. , Lian Haifeng , Zhong Xiaoying S. , Luo Xiuju , Winston John H. , Cong Yingzi , Savidge Tor C. , Dashwood Roderick H. , Powell Don W. , Li Qingjie
Published: December 2019

Altered intestinal epithelial integrity is an important susceptibility trait in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and early life stressors are reported to contribute to this disease susceptibility in adulthood. To identify disease mechanisms associated with early-life trauma that exacerbate IBD in adulthood, we used a “double-hit” neonatal inflammation (NI) and adult inflammation (AI) model that exhibits more severe mucosal injury in the colon later in life. In this study, we explore the underlying mechanisms of this aggravated injury. In rats exposed to both NI and AI, we found sustained increases in colonic permeability accompanied by significantly attenuated expression of the epithelial junction protein E-cadherin. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a decreased Cdh1 (gene of E-cadherin) mRNA expression in NI + AI rats compared with NI or AI rats. Next, we performed microRNA microarrays to identify potential regulators of E-cadherin in NI + AI rats. We confirmed the overexpression of miR-155, a predicted regulator of E-cadherin, and selected it for further analysis based on reported significance in human IBD. Using ingenuity pathway analysis software, the targets and related canonical pathway of miR-155 were analyzed. Mechanistic studies identified histone hyperacetylation at the Mir155 promoter in NI + AI rats, concomitant with elevated RNA polymerase II binding. In vitro, E-cadherin knockdown markedly increased epithelial cell permeability, as did overexpression of miR-155 mimics, which significantly suppressed E-cadherin protein. In vivo, NI + AI colonic permeability was significantly reversed with administration of miR-155 inhibitor rectally. Our collective findings indicate that early-life inflammatory stressors trigger a significant and sustained epithelial injury by suppressing E-cadherin through epigenetic mechanisms.
CD4+ T Cell–Derived NGAL Modifies the Outcome of Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Lee Sul A , Noel Sanjeev , Kurzhagen Johanna T. , Sadasivam Mohanraj , Pierorazio Phillip M. , Arend Lois J. , Hamad Abdel R. , Rabb Hamid
Published: December 2019

CD4+ T cells mediate the pathogenesis of ischemic and nephrotoxic acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the underlying mechanisms of CD4+ T cell–mediated pathogenesis are largely unknown. We therefore conducted unbiased RNA-sequencing to discover novel mechanistic pathways of kidney CD4+ T cells after ischemia compared with normal mouse kidney. Unexpectedly, the lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) gene, which encodes neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) had the highest fold increase (∼60). The NGAL increase in CD4+ T cells during AKI was confirmed at the mRNA level with quantitative real-time PCR and at the protein level with ELISA. NGAL is a potential biomarker for the early detection of AKI and has multiple potential biological functions. However, the role of NGAL produced by CD4+ T cells is not known. We found that ischemic AKI in NGAL knockout (KO) mice had worse renal outcomes compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Adoptive transfer of NGAL-deficient CD4+ T cells from NGAL KO mice into CD4 KO or WT mice led to worse renal function than transfer of WT CD4+ T cells. In vitro–simulated ischemia/reperfusion showed that NGAL-deficient CD4+ T cells express higher levels of IFN-γ mRNA compared with WT CD4+ T cells. In vitro differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to Th17, Th1, and Th2 cells led to significant increase in Lcn2 expression. Human kidney CD4+ T cell NGAL also increased significantly after ischemia. These results demonstrate an important role for CD4+ T cell NGAL as a mechanism by which CD4+ T cells mediate AKI and extend the importance of NGAL in AKI beyond diagnostics.
Impact of Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on HIV-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cell Function in Perinatally Infected Children
Authors: Rinaldi Stefano , Pallikkuth Suresh , Cameron Mark , de Armas Lesley R. , Cotugno Nicola , Dinh Vinh , Pahwa Rajendra , Richardson Brian , Saini Shelly R. , Rocca Salvatore , Lain Maria G. , Williams Sion L. , Palma Paolo , Pahwa Savita
Published: December 2019

Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in vertically HIV-infected children limits the size of the virus reservoir, but whether the time of treatment initiation (TI) can durably impact host immune responses associated with HIV infection is still unknown. This study was conducted in PBMC of 20 HIV-infected virally suppressed children on ART (mean age 9.4 y), classified as early treated (ET; age at ART initiation ≤0.5 y, n = 14) or late treated (LT; age at ART initiation 1–10 y, n = 6). Frequencies and functions of Ag-specific CD4 (CD40L+) and CD8 (CD69+) T cells were evaluated by intracellular IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α production with IL-21 in CD4 or CD107a, granzyme B and perforin in CD8 T cells following stimulation with HIV gp140 protein (ENV) or GAG peptides by multiparameter flow cytometry. ET showed a higher proportion of cytokine-producing ENV- and GAG-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells compared with LT. In particular, ET were enriched in polyfunctional T cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed upregulation of immune activation pathways in LT compared with ET. Our results suggest that timing of TI in HIV-infected children has a long-term and measurable impact on the quality of the HIV-specific T cell immune responses and transcriptional profiles of PBMC, reinforcing the importance of early TI.