bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking into account the efficiency of turbine plant flow path compartments in design calculations of their energy characteristics
Authors: Bubnov K.N. , Barochkin A.E. , Zhukov V.P. , Ledukhovsky G.V.
Published: July 2019

Development of regulatory energy characteristics of TPP equipment is a mandatory and resource-intensive proce-dure. A mathematical model of the turbine plant (the turbine plant itself and its regenerative feed water heating system) was developed earlier based on the matrix formalization of calculations of the energy and mass exchange installations. The analysis of the modeling results has shown that the model adequately de-scribes the real characteristics of a turbine plant only at low bleeding load. At higher load, the accuracy of description is much lower and the model cannot be used for practical analysis of real equipment. All this means that the turbine model needs to be refined by introducing stage-dependent efficiency indicators for more accurate determination of the equipment energy characteristics and, based on them, developing of computer aided methods for optimizing regimes of technological systems and sub-systems of thermal power plants. Methods of mathematical programming were used to investigate the multi-flow heat and mass exchange systems and sub-systems of thermal power plants on the basis of heat and mass balance equations. The energy characteristics and efficiency indicators of TPP equipment were determined in accordance with the existing normative approach. The turbine plant model has been refined by the matrix formalization method by introducing stage-dependent efficiency indicators. Model solutions have been obtained and analysed in order to calculate energy characteristics of the combined cycle turbine plant. The calculaiton results have been compared with the energy characteristics of a turbine unit in operation. It has been shown that the proposed approach is reliable and reasonable. The obtained results can be used for increasing the validity degree of equipment energy characteristics calculation, creating computer simulators and software tools for optimizing modes of technological systems and subsystems of heat power plants.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ ARASINDA İNTERNET TEYİT/DOĞRULAMA PLATFORMLARININ KULLANIMI
Authors: Kavaklı Nurhan
Published: July 2019

İnternet teyit/doğrulama platformları son yıllarda dikkatleri daha çok
çeken organizasyonlar haline gelmiştir. Yalan/sahte haberin,
özellikle sosyal medya aracılığıyla etkisini arttırdığına ve hakikatın üzerini
örterek, kamuoyunu yanlış yönlendirebilir bir konuma ulaştığına dair kaygılar
bu tür oluşumlarının önemini arttırmıştır. Benzer doğrultuda, internet
teyit/doğrulama platformlarının yalan/sahte haberle mücadelede ne denli etkin
bir işleyişe sahip olduğu da önem kazanmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu
çalışma internet teyit/doğrulama platformlarının üniversite öğrencileri
arasındaki bilinirliği ve kullanım yaygınlığına odaklanmayı amaçlamıştır. Anket
yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın bulguları bu tür organizyonların öğrenciler
arasındaki kullanım düzeyinin düşük olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu durumun
ardında yatan en önemli iki nedenin ise, bu tür platformların düşük bilinirlik
düzeyi ile platformlara yönelik ‘güven sorunu’ olduğu görülmüştür.
Multiple scrotal epidermoid cysts: a case of cosmetic infertility
Authors: Rengan Vinayak , Duraisami Vinodh , Ravindra Chetna , Muralidharan Karthik
Published: July 2019

A 48 years old man presented to the surgical OPD with a history of multiple painless swellings on his scrotum for 20 years. He had avoided all sexual relations with his wife due to potential embarrassment. A clinical diagnosis of scrotal epidermoid cysts was made. Both testes were normal on ultrasound. Upon surgery, the scrotal skin was thoroughly excised, and primary closure of skin was done. Postoperative period was uneventful. The patient engaged in intercourse with his partner two weeks after surgery. The man and his partner were referred to the psychiatry unit for appropriate counselling. Scrotal epidermoid cysts cause significant psychological handicap. In Asian countries, the taboo of seeking medical assistance for genital conditions still exists. The treatment of scrotal epidermoid cysts requires a team of surgeons, psychologists, and psychiatrists.
Clinical profile of the patients presenting with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancinoma: an institution based retrospective study
Authors: Jyoti Deep , . Arti , . Kunzes , Jamwal Padam Singh
Published: July 2019

Background: In India the overall incidence of cancer is low. However the cancers of head and neck have high incidence like that of larynx and pharynx.

Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of ENT, SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu, for a period of 3 years from June 2016 to March 2019. 112 patients with cancer of larynx and hypopharynx were included in the study.  

Results: The male to female ratio in the present study was 9:1. Mean age of presentation of the patients was 57.9±4.6 years. Hoarseness was the overall the most common complaint of the patients presenting with malignancy of larynx and hypopharynx (80.35%), followed by the complaint of dysphagia (68.7%). Smoking and alcohol consumption was the most common risk factor associated. 78 (69.6%) had primary malignancy of larynx and 34 (30.4%) had primary malignancy arising from hypopharynx. Most common site of presentation for laryngeal cancer was supraglottis (56/78) while pyriform sinus was the most common site to be involved in hypopharynx (24/34). 76 out of 112 patients (67.8%) presented with neck nodes. 41% of the patients presented in stage III and 32.14% patients presented in stage IV malignancy.

Conclusions: Malignant laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers are presented in late stages when management options become limited and survival of the patients fall significantly. Awareness of the symptoms developing due to laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer is necessary so that people can recognize the developing cancers in earliest stages.
Análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas de águas de pré e pós-tratamento na cidade de Jundiaí-SP
Authors: Coyado Giorgia Ariani Lujan , Gonçalves Gustavo Henrique , Moura Claudia De , Balthazar-Silva Danilo , Rocha-Lima Ana Beatriz Carollo
Published: July 2019

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of the pretreatment (in natura) and posttreatment water in the city of Jundiaí-SP. It also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the water treatment of the municipality. Three sampling points were evaluated in the city: the source of the Jundiaí-Mirim River (p1), the accumulation dam located in the City Park (p2), and the posttreatment tap water from the distribution network (p3). The evaluation of the physicochemical parameters (dissolved oxygen-DO, hydrogenation potential-pH, orthophosphate-, nitrite-, nitrate-, ammonia-NH3 , turbidity and temperature) and microbiological (thermotolerant coliform-CT) was performed with the use of Alfakit® Ecokit II. Nonconformities were observed only in relation to the microbiological parameter: p1 presented 2,2 x 103 CFU/mL and p2, 1,8 x 103 CFU/mL; CONAMA Resolution 357/05 establishes up to 2 x 102 CFU/mL for class I. Tap water is in compliance with the reference values established by the Ministry of Health Ordinance 2914/11. The methods used were effective to certify good quality of the water after the rigorous treatment done by the DAE company, however additional studies are suggested for the identification of possible contaminants in the region.
Theatre of Blood: The RSC Duchess of Malfi
Authors: Kelly Erin E.
Published: July 2019

A review of the Royal Shakespeare Company 2018 production of The Duchess of Malfi.
Potential limitations of the Sleeping Beauty transposon use in gene expression studies
Authors: Sowińska Weronika , Wawro Mateusz , Solecka Aleksandra , Kasza Aneta
Published: July 2019

MCPIP2 is the least known member of the MCPIP family of proteins. Recently we have found that it is a new RNase involved in transcript turnover. However, the full spectrum of its cellular targets is still unidentified. To discover transcripts which are regulated by this protein we have employed Sleeping Beauty transposons. This tool allows for rapid generation of a stable transgenic cell line with inducible expression of the desired gene. In this study, we analysed how the Sleeping Beauty system itself influences expression of chosen genes, namely IL-6, Regnase-1 and VEGF. We found that the system alone may influence expression of IL-6. Our results indicate that Sleeping Beauty transposons should be used with caution in studies that are focused on changes in the transcript level.
Development and automation of algorithm for determining basis of nonlinear parameter functions of kinetic constants
Authors: Ismagilova A. S. , Khamidullina Z. A. , Spivak S. I.
Published: July 2019

Mathematical modeling of catalytic processes is necessary for the complete and accurate description, as well as for controlling the quality and physicochemical studied of catalysts. In the paper, theoretical issues of industrial catalysis are discussed. The work is devoted to theoretical graph analysis of informativity of kinetic parameters of the model of a complex chemical reaction. The aim is the development and automation of algorithm for determining basis of nonlinear parameter functions in solving inverse problems of chemical kinetics in order to define the number and form of independent combinations of rate constants of elementary stages. A program package for analysis of informativity of kinetic parameters of the mathematical model of a complex catalytic reaction is developed and described. The obtained functional relations between the kinetic parameters can be useful for experimentalists in physicochemical interpretation and analysis of mechanisms of chemical reactions. In other words, the proposed method allows independent combinations of kinetic constants to be distinguished that results in shortening the number of the model parameters and, as a consequence, enhance the accuracy of the mathematical model. The mechanism of hydrogen oxidation over a platinum catalyst is given as an example of the use of the software.
Miedo, inseguridad y violencia. Sensibilidades sobre los jóvenes en América Latina
Authors: di Napoli Pablo
Published: July 2019

Las emociones constituyen una dimensión de análisis que, si bien no siempre fue estudiada desde las ciencias sociales, resulta fértil para comprender determinados procesos sociales. El sujeto no sólo piensa, sino que también siente, por lo que su acción no es sólo racional, sino también emotiva. Las emociones se experimentan de forma personal, pero también están estructuradas social y culturalmente. El miedo al delito y el sentimiento de inseguridad hoy atraviesan las tramas del sentir de las sociedades latinoamericanas. Esos sentimientos no son únicamente producto de experiencias y sensaciones personales, sino el resultado de la construcción simbólica de un discurso ideológico sobre el delito y la violencia.
Memória discursiva e a análise do discurso na perspectiva pecheuxtiana e sua relação com a memória social
Authors: Dos Santos Camargo Cássio Michel
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo tem o intuito de tecer algumas reflexões introdutórias sobre os conceitos de Análise de Discurso de linha francesa, baseado nos escritos de Michel Pêcheux, em especial, sobre o conceito de memória discursiva. Esse artigo foi desenvolvido e gestado durante a pesquisa de mestrado no PPGEDU da UFRGS. Para construir essas reflexões realizamos uma pesquisa de cunho bibliografia, no qual revisamos os principais textos de Pêcheux para mapear a construção dos conceitos da Análise do Discurso, com foco no conceito de memória discursiva. Assim, esse artigo estruturou-se com base em três etapas: a primeira delas busca entender o contexto histórico da construção intelectual de Pêcheux; a segunda etapa vislumbrou refletir sobre as bases teórico-metodológicas da AD e a terceira etapa desse artigo refletiu sobre o conceito de memória discursiva, análise do discurso e sua relação com a memória.
Empregado ou Empresário?
Authors: Moura da Silva Luani , Krüger Cristiane , Minello Italo Fernando , Ghilardi Wanderlei José
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a intenção empreendedora dos alunos de graduação do Curso de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. A pesquisa é classificada como quantitativa, descritiva e de levantamento. A obtenção dos dados foi feita por meio do Questionário de Intenção Empreendedora de Liñán e Chen (2009). A amostra contemplou 202 questionários válidos, com respondentes distribuídos do primeiro ao décimo semestre. Os resultados apontam que os alunos não têm intenção de empreender, esse resultado foi reforçado por meio da Correlação de Pearson. Os alunos que participaram de disciplinas relacionadas ao empreendedorismo, os que estavam trabalhando e os que estavam cursando no período noturno apresentaram uma intenção em empreender mais elevada em relação aos demais. Ao analisar a intenção empreendedora por semestre, verificou-se que no último ano, especialmente no último semestre, os alunos apresentaram valores extremamente baixos de intenção empreendedora em comparação aos demais semestres.
Consultoria Ontopsicológica: o processo de metanoia do líder, do âmbito individual ao âmbito empresarial
Authors: Rodegheri Vera L. , Fraga André Carvalho de
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo, objetiva-se analisar as contribuições da consultoria ontopsicológica nas esferas pessoal, familiar e empresarial. Especificamente, objetivou-se identificar fatos, contextos e passagens da vida pregressa que marcaram o processo de metanoia do autor-pesquisador, analisar as narrativas selecionadas, à luz do conhecimento da ciência Ontopsicológica e apontar as contribuições da consultoria Ontopsicológica, principalmente no campo empresarial. O estudo, de natureza narrativa autobiográfica, refere-se à vida do autor-pesquisador, empresário, sócio-fundador de empresas de diversos ramos. Para o enquadramento teórico, utilizaram-se autores contemporâneos e, principalmente, as obras de Antonio Meneghetti. Constatou-se que a consultoria empresarial ontopsicológica distingue-se das demais abordagens, tendo em vista que atua na unidade base do homem e não somente nas esferas operacionais da empresa.
Spatial Molecular AlO Temperature Distributions in Laser-Induced Plasma
Authors: Surmick David M. , Dagel Daryl J. , Parigger Christian G.
Published: July 2019

Spatially resolved, line-of-sight measurements of aluminum monoxide emission spectra in laser ablation plasma are used with Abel inversion techniques to extract radial plasma temperatures. Contour mapping of the radially deconvolved signal intensity shows a ring of AlO formation near the plasma boundary with the ambient atmosphere. Simulations of the molecular spectra were coupled with the line profile fitting routines. Temperature results are presented with simultaneous inferences from lateral, asymmetric radial, and symmetric radial AlO spectral intensity profiles. This analysis indicates that we measured shockwave phenomena in the radial profiles, including a temperature drop behind the blast wave created during plasma initiation.
Hydrologic Response in an Urban Watershed as Affected by Climate and Land Use Change
Authors: Aboelnour Mohamed , Gitau Margaret W. , Engel Bernard A.
Published: July 2019

The change in both streamflow and baseflow in urban catchments has received significant attention in the latest decades as a result of their drastic variability. In this research, effects of climate variation and dynamics of land use are measured separately and in combination on streamflow and baseflow in the Little Eagle Creek (LEC) watershed (Indianapolis, Indiana). These effects are examined using land use maps, statistical tests, and hydrological modeling. Transition matrix analysis was used to investigate the change in land use between 1992 and 2011. Temporal trends and changes in meteorological data were evaluated from 1980-2017 using the Mann-Kendall test. Changes in streamflow and baseflow were assessed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model using multiple scenarios that varied in land use and climate change. Evaluation of the model outputs showed streamflow and baseflow in LEC are well represented using SWAT; however, comparing the calibration and validation period showed SWAT performs better for the calibration. During 1992-2011, roughly 30% of the watershed experienced change, typically cultivated agricultural areas became urbanized. Baseflow is significantly affected by the observed urbanization; however, the combination of land and climate variability has a larger effect on the baseflow in LEC. Generally, the variability in the baseflow and streamflow appears to be heavily driven by the response to climate change in comparison to variability due to altered land use. The results reported herein expand the current understanding of variation in hydrological components, and provides useful information for management planning regarding water resources, as well as water and soil conservation in urban watersheds in Indiana and beyond.
Perioperative Use of Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Eliasberg Claire D. , Levack Ashley E. , Gausden Elizabeth B. , Garvin Sean , Russell Linda A. , Kelly Anne M.
Published: July 2019

» The use of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in the perioperative setting is an important issue that is particularly relevant to orthopaedic procedures, but no official recommendations currently exist for NOACs in orthopaedic surgery.

» Given the lack of a current consensus in the orthopaedic literature, a standardized approach is essential in order to help minimize both the duration of time without chronic anticoagulation and complications that can arise from excessive bleeding.

» We propose a combined profile assessment that takes into account the type of anticoagulant as well as both patient-specific and procedure-specific risk factors and provide an algorithm to help guide periprocedural NOAC use.
MASA DEPAN STUDI ISLAM DI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI KEAGAMAAN ISLAM (Sebuah Tinjauan Filosofis-Yuridis)
Authors: Rohman Miftahur , Syahril Sulthan , Fauziyati Dini
Published: July 2019

Higher Education of Islamic Religion (PTKI) become an integral part of the development of Islamic civilization in Indonesia. According to the reason, it is needed a renewal of education system that can produce graduates who are globally competitive, have social skills, and have multicultural character. This research attempts to formulate an integration model of science and religion in Islamic studies at PTKI to create ideal graduates who are aspired. By tracking literature and using a philosophical approach to the theory of spider webs by Amin Abdullah, it can be concluded that Islamic studies at PTKI that focused on the study of religious sciences ('ulūm al-dīn), it must be held a dialogue with modern scientific disciplines and must always in critical-analytic studies. Practically this integration is realized in the form of reinterpretation of religious texts in order to answer complex social problems. Thus, besides having academic provision, graduates of PTKI are expected to have social intelligence, diversity character, and not rigid to differences.أصبحت التربية الإسلامية في المرحلة الجامعية جزءا لا يتجزّء في بناء الثقافة الإسلامية في إندونيسيا. بهذا تحتاج الحالة إلى التغيير والتجديد في نظام التربية المطبقة لتخريج  الخرّيجين ذوي روح المنافسة العالمية، والقدرات الاجتماعية، والخلق المتعدد الثقافات. حاولت هذه الدراسة وضع نموذج التمزيج بين العلوم والدين في الدراسات الإسلامية    في الجامعات الإسلامية بهدف تخريج الخرّجين المثاليين.  فبدراسة أنواع من المصادر والمراجع وبالمدخل الفلسفي ونظرية شبكة العنكبوت لأمين عبد الله، يمكن الاستنتاج أن الدراسات الإسلامية في الجامعات الإسلامية المرتكزة على دراسة العلوم الدينية لابد من ربطها بالعلوم العصرية ولابد أن تكون الدراسة في ظل الدراسة النقدية والتحليلية. وفي الواقع، كان هذا التمزيج يتمثّل في استنباط المعنى الجديد من النصوص الدينية لحل المشاكل الاجتماعية التى أصبحت متعقدة. بهذا فعلى خريج الجامعات الإسلامية أن يستولوا على البضائع الأكاديكية وبجانب ذلك أن يكون لهم الذكاء الإجتماعي وقبول التنوّعات  وسماحة لمواجهة الاختلافات
Metodologi Pengembangan Ilmu Pendidikan Islam Prespektif Al-Qur’an Surat Fushilat ayat 53
Authors: Tharaba Fahim
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Islamic Education as an important scientific building to always be developed so that there is improvement in the concept and practical level. In this paper the science of Islamic education will be seen from the perspective of the letter Fushilat 53 to develop its theoretical concepts. For this reason, the contents of the Islamic education curriculum can be seen in three orientations, namely the development of science oriented on: (1) The concept of divinity (Divine). (2) The concept of humanity (anfusion) (3) The concept of experience (afaqi). Furthermore, the approach to presenting an Islamic education curriculum can be formulated as follows: (1) the level of basic education is based on a psychological-religious approach; (2) secondary education levels (first and top) are based on scientific psychological approaches; and (3) higher education levels are based on religious-scientific and philosophical approaches. So that all the development of knowledge in Islamic Education based on and based on the main and main sources of the Qur’an and as-Sunnah, and in its implementation always cannot be separated from its history. In this discussion, the main objective was to find the methodology of the development of the Islamic education in the perspective of the Al-Qur’an Surat Fushilatayat 53. ملخّص: التربية الإسلامية كمبنى علمي هام يتم تطويره باستمرار حتى يكون هناك تحسن في المفهوم والمستوى العملي. في هذا البحث سيتم النظر إلى علم التربية الإسلامية من منظور الحرف فصلت : 53 تطوير مفاهيمه النظرية. لهذا) السبب ، يمكن رؤية محتويات منهج التربية الإسلامية في ثلاثة اتجاهات ، وهي تطوير العلوم الموجهة نحو: ) 1مفهوم الألوهية ) 2( مفهوم الإنسانية ) 3( مفهوم الخبرة . علاوة على ذلك ، يمكن صياغة نهج تقديم منهج التربية الإسلامية على النحو التالي: ) 1( يعتمد مستوى التعليم الأساسي على النهج النفسي الديني ؛ ) 2( تستند مستويات التعليم الثانوي )الأول والأعلى( إلى المقاربات النفسية العلمية ؛ و ) 3( تستند مستويات التعليم العالي على المناهج الدينية والعلمية والفلسفية. بحيث لا يمكن فصل كل تطور المعرفة في التربية الإسلامية المبني على أساس المصادر الرئيسية والرائدة للقرآن والسنة ، وعلى تنفيذه على الدوام عن تاريخه. في هذه المناقشة ، كان الهدف الرئيسي هو العثور على منهجية تطوير التربية الإسلامية في منظور القرآن الكريم سورة فصلت :53
Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tools for assessment of acute stroke: a systematic review
Authors: Antipova Daria , Eadie Leila , Macaden Ashish , Wilson Philip
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Recanalisation therapy in acute ischaemic stroke is highly time-sensitive, and requires early identification of eligible patients to ensure better outcomes. Thus, a number of clinical assessment tools have been developed and this review examines their diagnostic capabilities.

Methods

Diagnostic performance of currently available clinical tools for identification of acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes and stroke mimicking conditions was reviewed. A systematic search of the literature published in 2015-2018 was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and The Cochrane Library. Prehospital and in-hospital studies with a minimum sample size of 300 patients reporting diagnostic accuracy were selected.

Results

Twenty-five articles were included. Cortical signs (gaze deviation, aphasia and neglect) were shown to be significant indicators of large vessel occlusion (LVO). Sensitivity values for selecting subjects with LVO ranged from 23% to 99% whereas specificity was 24% to 97%. Clinical tools, such as FAST-ED, NIHSS, and RACE incorporating cortical signs as well as motor dysfunction demonstrated the best diagnostic accuracy. Tools for identification of stroke mimics showed sensitivity varying from 44% to 91%, and specificity of 27% to 98% with the best diagnostic performance demonstrated by FABS (90% sensitivity, 91% specificity). Hypertension and younger age predicted intracerebral haemorrhage whereas history of atrial fibrillation and diabetes were associated with ischaemia. There was a variation in approach used to establish the definitive diagnosis. Blinding of the index test assessment was not specified in about 50% of included studies.

Conclusions

A wide range of clinical assessment tools for selecting subjects with acute stroke has been developed in recent years. Assessment of both cortical and motor function using RACE, FAST-ED and NIHSS showed the best diagnostic accuracy values for selecting subjects with LVO. There were limited data on clinical tools that can be used to differentiate between acute ischaemia and haemorrhage. Diagnostic accuracy appeared to be modest for distinguishing between acute stroke and stroke mimics with optimal diagnostic performance demonstrated by the FABS tool. Further prehospital research is required to improve the diagnostic utility of clinical assessments with possible application of a two-step clinical assessment or involvement of simple brain imaging, such as transcranial ultrasonography.
Attributable burden and expenditure of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in Mexico and other selected mega-countries
Authors: Mendoza-Herrera Kenny , Pedroza-Tobías Andrea , Hernández-Alcaraz Cesar , Ávila-Burgos Leticia , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A. , Cervera Simón Barquera
Published: July 2019

Background

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a health and economic threat globally. This paper aims to describe this problem in Mexico and other selected mega-countries through a review of published literature and the exploration of secondary datasets.

Method

Mega-countries with low (Nigeria), middle (India), high (China/Brazil/Mexico), and very high (the U.S./Japan) human development index (HDI) were included. The review was divided into two topics: prevalence of dyslipidemia and CVD economic impact. Search, screening, and filtering processes were conducted in electronic databases using MeSH terms by one trained researcher. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered for eligibility. Methods and results were reported according to the PRISMA statement. Information from datasets on epidemiologic CVD indicators was also extracted.

Results

Thirty-two studies were eligible. Heterogeneity in economic data and limited nationwide information on dyslipidemias prevalence in some countries were found. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were higher in Mexico compared to other countries. Dietary risk factors have a higher contribution on cardiovascular mortality in developing countries: e.g. 8.1-13.8% Mexico, 11.3-13.0% India vs. 0.078-8.9% Japan, 6.5-10.7% the U.S. Probability of dying prematurely from CVD in 2016 was higher in lower HDI countries: 23.3-22.5% (low-middle), 17.0-15.7% (high), and 14.6-8.4% (very high). From 1990-2016, a greater decrease in cardiovascular mortality in developed countries was registered (-56.8% Japan/-11.1% India). In 2015, an expenditure of USD-PPP $11.2 billion due to hypertension, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure was reported in Mexico (4% from public health expenditure). CVD ranked first in health care expenditures in almost all these nations and this economic burden is expected to remain significant by 2030, especially in the most populated or developed countries.

Conclusions

The higher burden of CVD and its significant economic impact, coupled with poor clinical practice and epidemiological surveillance, represents a greater challenge for Mexico and other developing mega-countries. Thus, governments and academia should secure resources to assure an optimal monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors. Educational models and medical practice must be improved to optimize the diagnosis of CVD and the prescription and adherence of their pharmacological and lifestyle treatments. Long-term benefits are expected from strengthening strategies to modify the food system.
Variation in plastid genomes and transcriptomes in the gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris
Authors: Krüger Manuela , Abeyawardana Oushadee A.J. , Juricek Miloslav , Krüger Claudia , Storchova Helena
Published: July 2019

Background

Gynodioecious species exist in two genders – male-sterile females and hermaphrodites. Male sterility in higher plants often results from mitonuclear interaction between the CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) gene(s) encoded by mitochondrial genome and by nuclear-encoded restorer genes. Mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded transcriptomes in females and hermaphrodites are intensively studied, but little is known about gender-specific gene expression in plastids. We have compared plastid transcriptomes between females and hermaphrodites in two haplotypes of a gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris with known CMS candidate genes.

Results

We generated complete plastid genome sequences from five haplotypes S. vulgaris including the haplotypes KRA and KOV, for which complete mitochondrial genome sequences were already published. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on plastid sequences of S. vulgaris. Whereas lowland S. vulgaris haplotypes including KRA and KOV clustered together, the accessions from high European mountains diverged early in the phylogram. S. vulgaris belongs among Silene species with slowly evolving plastid genomes, but we still detected 212 substitutions and 112 indels between two accessions of this species. We estimated elevated Ka/Ks in the ndhF gene, which may reflect the adaptation of S. vulgaris to high altitudes, or relaxed selection. We compared depth of coverage and editing rates between female and hermaphrodite plastid transcriptomes and found no significant differences between the two genders. We identified 51 unique C to U editing sites in the plastid genomes of S. vulgaris, 38 of them in protein coding regions, 2 in introns, and 11 in intergenic regions. The editing site in the psbZ gene was edited only in one of two plastid genomes under study.

Conclusions

We revealed no significant differences between the genders in plastid transcriptomes of two haplotypes of S. vulgaris. It suggests that gene expression of plastid genes is not affected by CMS in flower buds of S. vulgaris, although both genders may still differ in plastid gene expression in specific tissues. We revealed the difference between the plastid transcriptomes of two S. vulgaris haplotypes in editing rate and in the coverage of several antisense transcripts. Our results document the variation in plastid genomes and transcriptomes in S. vulgaris.
Transcriptome profiling of laser-captured germ cells and functional characterization of zbtb40 during MT-induced spermatogenesis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Wu Xi , Yang Yang , Zhong Chaoyue , Guo Yin , Li Shuisheng , Lin Haoran
Published: July 2019

Background: Spermatogenesis is an intricate process regulated by a finely organized network. The orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish, but the process of its spermatogenesis is not well-understood. In the present study, transcriptome sequencing of the male germ cells from orange-spotted grouper was performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis.

Results: In this study, the orange-spotted grouper was induced to change sex from female to male by 17alpha-methyltestosterone implantation. During the artificial spermatogenesis, different cell types from cysts containing spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa were isolated by laser capture microdissection. Subsequently, transcriptomic analysis for the isolated cells were performed. A series of genes was used to verify and investigate the expression patterns in spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we also analyzed the expression of the same set of genes involved with steroid metabolism and sex throughout spermatogenesis (early-mid, late, and maturing stages) in the orange-spotted grouper. Several generally female-related genes took significantly changes in sex reversal hinted that the female-related genes in previously recognized may also play vital roles in spermatogenesis and sex reversal. In the transcriptomic data, we focused on zbtb family genes, which may be related to the process of spermatogenesis. Their expression patterns and cellular localization were examined, and the location of Eczbtb40 in different gonadal stages was investigated. We found that Eczbtb40 was expressed throughout spermatogenesis. These preliminary findings suggest that Eczbtb40 is highly conserved during vertebrate evolution and plays roles in spermatogenesis. Besides, the expression of Eczbtb40 and Eccyp17a1a overlapped in male germ cells, especially spermatogonium and spermatocyte, which suggested that Eczbtb40 might interact with Eccyp17a1a participant in spermatogenesis and sex reversal.

Conclusions: The present study first depicted RNA sequencing of the male germ cells from orange-spotted grouper, and identified many important functional genes and pathways involved in spermatogenesis. The Eczbtb40 gene was subjected to molecular characterization and expression pattern analysis. These results will contribute to future studies of the molecular mechanism of spermatogenesis and sex reversal.
Drug Therapy Problem and its Contributing Factors among Pediatric patients with Infectious Diseases admitted to Jimma University Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: Prospective observational study
Authors: Feyissa Desalegn Mechessa , Melaku Tsegaye , Dessalegn Dula
Published: July 2019

Background: Drug therapy problem is a significant challenge to provide high quality health care service for the patients. It is associated with morbidity, mortality, increased hospital stay and reduced quality of life. Moreover, pediatric patients are quite susceptible to drug therapy problems.Thus this study aimed to assess drug therapy problem and its contributing factors among pediatric patients diagnosed with infectious disease admitted to pediatric ward of Jimma university medical center, from April ,2018 to June 30, 2018.
Methodology: Prospective observational study was conducted among pediatric patients with infectious disease admitted to Jimma university medical center from April 01,2018 to June 30, 2018. Drug therapy problems were identified by using Cipolle’s and strand’s drug therapy problem classification method. Patient’s written informed consent was obtained after explaining the purpose of the study. Patient’s specific data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data was entered into Epi data version 4.0.2 and then exported to statistical software package version 21.0 for analysis. To identify predictors of drug therapy problems occurrence, multiple stepwise backward logistic regression analysis were done. The 95% CI was used to show the accuracy of data analysis and statistical significance was considered at p-value <0.05.
Results: A total of 304 pediatric patients were included in the study. Of these, 226(74.3%) patients had at least one drug therapy problem during their hospital stay. A total of 356 drug therapy problems were identified among two hundred twenty six patients. Non-compliance (28.65%) and dose too low (27.53%) were the most common type of drug therapy problems while disease comorbidity [AOR=3.39, 95% CI= (1.89-6.08)], Polypharmacy [AOR=3.16, 95% CI= (1.61-6.20)] and more than six days stay in hospital [AOR=3.37, 95% CI= (1.71-6.64) were independent predictors of drug therapy problem occurrence.
Conclusion and recommendation: Drug therapy problems were common in pediatric patients with infectious disease in the study area. Presence of comorbidity, Polypharmacy and Prolonged hospital stay were the predictors of drug therapy problem in this finding. Therefore, to overcome the significant gaps in pediatric pharmaceutical care, clinical pharmacists, Pediatricians and other health care professional have to work in collaboration.
Keywords: Drug therapy problem, Pediatric, infectious disease, Ethiopia
Effect Of Long Term Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy On Adrenal Suppression, Growth And Bone Health In Children With Asthma
Authors: Anuradha K W D A , Prematilake G L D C , Batuwita B A U I , Kannangoda KASR , Hewagamage U S , Wijeratne S , Lankatilake Kantha , de Silva KSH
Published: July 2019

EFFECT OF LONG TERM INHALED CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY ON ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, GROWTH AND BONE HEALTH IN CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA
Anuradha KWDA1, Prematilake GLDC2, Batuwita BAUI3, Kannangoda KASR4, Hewagamage US5,Wijeratne S6, Lankatilake Kantha7, de Silva KSH8

Abstract
Background
Primary objective was to describe the effect of long term inhaled corticosteroid therapy (ICS) on adrenal suppression, growth and bone health in children with Asthma. Secondary objectives were to describe the association between the dose of ICS and duration of therapy on adrenal functions, growth and bone health in children with asthma, describe their growth ,biochemical parameters associated with bone health and vitamin D levels in comparison to an age and sex matched group of children with asthma who were not on long term ICS.
Method
Seventy children with asthma on ICS and 70 controls were studied. The estimated adult heights were interpreted relative to their Mid Parental Height (MPH) range. Serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D levels were assayed in both groups and cortisol value at 30 minutes following a low dose short synacthen test was obtained from the study group. The average daily dose of ICS was categorized as low, medium and high (100-200, 200-400, >400 ug /day ) respectively according to published literature.
Results
Heights of all children were within the MPH range. There was no statistically significant difference in the bone profiles and vitamin D levels between the two groups (Ca: p=0.554, vitamin D: p=0.187) but vitamin D levels were insufficient (<50 nmol/l) in 34% of cases and 41% of controls. Suppressed cortisol levels were seen in 24%. Doses of ICS were low, medium and high in 56%, 32% and 12% of children respectively. The association between adrenal suppression with longer duration of therapy (p<0.01) and with increasing dose of ICS (p<0.001) were statistically significant.
Conclusion
ICS had no impact on the growth and bone profiles but its dose and duration were significantly associated with adrenal suppression.
Key Words- Asthma, Inhaled corticosteroids, Growth, Adrenal suppression, Bone Metabolism, Vitamin D
Neuroprotective Effects of Idebenone on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced Oxidative Damage in Retinal ganglion cell-5 (RGC-5) Cells
Authors: Wang Yuping , Wang Jing , Zhang Xi , Feng Yifan , Yuan Yuanzhi
Published: July 2019

Purposes
To investigated the neuroprotective effect of Idebenone against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in RGC-5 cells.
Methods
RGC-5 cells were treated with different concentrations (5, 10, 20μM) of idebenone for 12h prior to addition of 300µM H2O2 for 12 h. The apoptosis of RGC-5 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by JC-1 staining. The autophagy in RGC-5 cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the expression level of autophagy-related protein light chain3, Beclin-1 and mitochondrial membrane potential-related protein Cyt-c in RGC-5 cells were measured by Western blot analysis.

Results

Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates in control group, H2O2 group and H2O2-treatment with Idebenone pretreatment groups were (6.48±0.55)%, (27.34±0.51)%, (22.88±0.52)%, (15.45±0.81)%, (12.59±0.58)%, respectively(F = 559.7, P <0.0001). After incubation with H2O2, the number of autophagosomes increased significantly, while which was decreased in H2O2-treatment with Idebenone pretreatment groups. After incubation of RGC-5 cells with H2O2, the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased, while idebenone could prevent the decrease of MMP. Contrast with control group, LC3 II /I, the expression levels of Beclin-1 and Cyt-c in H2O2 group increased significantly(P<0.05); while contrast with H2O2 group, LC3 II/I, the expression of Beclin-1 and Cyt-c in H2O2-treatment with Idebenone pretreatment groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05).

Conclusion
Idebenone may have protective effects on RGC-5 cells suffering from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 through improving antioxidant capacity, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential decline and the activity of autophagy.
The effect of dot size in random-dot stereograms on the results of stereoacuity measurements
Authors: Zhao Lingzhi , Wu Huang
Published: July 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the size of the dots in random-dot stereograms on the results of stereoacuity measurements.

Methods

A stereopsis measurement system was created using a phoropter and two 4K smartphones. Three dot sizes, including 1×1 pixel, 6×6 pixels, and 10×10 pixels (equivalent to decimal acuity 6.0, 1.0, and 0.6, respectively), were used to form random-dot arrays, and each test pattern had one digit hidden within it. The resulting stereograms were tested on 30 subjects with normal acuity and stereoacuity.

Results

Stereoacuity measured with the 1-pixel dots was significantly worse than that measured with the 6-pixel dots (Mann-Whitney U test, Z=-6.531, P<0.001) and the 10-pixel dots (Z=-6.494, P<0.001). No significant difference was found between 6-pixel dot and 10-pixel dot stereograms (Z=-0.443, P=0.658).

Conclusion

The size of the dots in random-dot stereograms affects the test results significantly when the dots are too small for the eye to resolve.
Quantitative Comparison of Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Strain Measurement Using MRI Feature Tracking in Repair Fontan Patients and Normal Child Volunteers
Authors: Hu Liwei , Wang Qian , Gregory Barton P , Ouyang RongZhen , Sun Aimin , Guo Chen , Han Tongtong , Zhong Yumin
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The accuracy of 2D and 3D strain analyses was evaluated by comparing strain and cardiac function parameters in Fontan repair patients and normal child volunteers.
Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 32 patients with Fontan circulation and 32 child volunteers who had undergone clinical cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment of the dominant ventricle with a 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner. Global and regional strain (2D and 3D) of the dominant ventricle in both groups was assessed using CMR feature-tracking. Correlations between cardiac function and strain data were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient values. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was determined to evaluate repeatability and agreement.
Results: The 3D global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) showed significant differences between the Fontan repair patients and volunteers (3D GRS: 36.35 ± 16.72 vs. 44.96 ± 9.98; 3D GLS: -8.86 ± 6.84 vs. -13.67 ± 2.44; 3D GCS: -13.70 ± 7.84 vs. -18.01 ± 1.78; p < 0.05, respectively). The ejection fraction (EF) and 3D GCS were significantly associated (r = -0.491, p = 0.004). The 3D GCS showed correlations with the indexed end-diastolic volume (EDV) (r = 0.523, p = 0.002) and indexed end-systolic volume (ESV) (r = 0.602, p < 0.001). 3D strain showed good reproducibility, with GCS showing the best inter-observer agreement (ICC, 0.87), followed by GLS (ICC, 0.84) and GRS (ICC, 0.80).
Conclusion:3D GCS is feasible, highly reproducible, and strongly correlated with conventional cardiac function measures. 3D GCS assessments may be useful for monitoring abnormal myocardial motion in patients with Fontan circulation.
Keywords Strain; Feature tracking; Fontan operation; Pediatric
The shape of the glucose response curve during an OGTT heralds β−cell function in a large Chinese population
Authors: Cheng Xinqi , Yang Na , Li Yuxiu , Sun Qi , Qiu Ling , Xu Lingling , Ping Fan , Li Wei , Zhang Huabing
Published: July 2019

Background

The shape of the glucose response during an oral glucose tolerance test can detect β-cell function and insulin resistance. But there were few studies in Chinese, so we aimed to verify the utility of these connections in a large Chinese population.

Methods

A total of 11,866 times of 3-h OGTT were categorized to either a monophasic or a multiphasic group based on the shape of the glucose response. Homeostasis model assessments of fasting insulin resistance, Matsuda index, insulinogenic index and the disposition index were assessed by plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration obtained at fasting or during an OGTT.

Results

Individuals with a monophasic shape had significantly higher glucose, insulin, and had significantly lower insulin sensitivity and impaired β-cell function than multiphasic group. In addition, Individuals were younger with a multiphasic shape compared to those with a monophasic shape.

Conclusion

The monophasic OGTT glucose response curve could reflect impaired β-cell function in a large Chinese population.
Failure patterns after curative resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Possible implications for postoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Yu Wei , Hu Chunxiu , Shui Yongjie , Wu Kui , Zhang Lili , Chen Ying , Li Chao , Xu Jing , Wei Qichun
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To explore the patterns of failures and areas at highest risk of recurrence for postoperative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), with the aim to guide IHCC adjuvant radiotherapy.
Methods: Patients with IHCC who had undergone radical surgery at our institution from July 2010 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The survival and prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. All sites of recurrence were found out and classified as the surgical margin, regional lymph nodes, liver remnant and distant metastasis. According to the recurring area at highest risk, the target volume of adjuvant radiotherapy was proposed.
Results: The median follow-up time was 23.5 months (2-85 months). The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 12.1 months and 24.8 months, respectively. Seventy-three (73/127, 57.5%) IHCC patients developed tumor recurrence. Initial recurrences occurred in the potential postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) volume, remnant liver and distant sits were 46 (46/73, 63.0%), 36 (36/73, 49.3%) and 22 (22/73, 30.1%) cases, respectively. Of the 46 patients whose initial recurrence inside the potential PORT volume, 29 (29/73, 39.7%) developed recurrence only inside the potential PORT volume, including 13 tumor bed recurrences, 7 lymph node metastases, and 9 with both tumor bed recurrences and lymph node metastases. The most common lymph node metastases sites were nodes around the abdominal aorta, followed by lymph nodes along the celiac artery, the common hepatic artery, and in the hepatoduodenal ligament.
Conclusions: High proportion of the recurrences occurred only inside the potential PORT volume, implying the necessary of adjuvant radiotherapy with the aim to improve the local-regional control. Surgical margins and lymph node stations No.16a2, 9, 8, 12, 13, and 14 are suggested to be included in the radiation volume.