bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stereotypes as Stumbling-Blocks
Authors: Silverman Arielle M. , Cohen Geoffrey L.
Published: July 2014

Stereotype threat, the concern about being judged in light of negative stereotypes, causes underperformance in evaluative situations. However, less is known about how coping with stereotypes can aggravate underperformance over time. We propose a model in which ongoing stereotype threat experiences threaten a person’s sense of self-integrity, which in turn prompts defensive avoidance of stereotype-relevant situations, impeding growth, achievement, and well-being. We test this model in an important but understudied population: the physically disabled. In Study 1, blind adults reporting higher levels of stereotype threat reported lower self-integrity and well-being and were more likely to be unemployed and to report avoiding stereotype-threatening situations. In Study 2’s field experiment, blind students in a compensatory skill-training program made more progress if they had completed a values-affirmation, an exercise that bolsters self-integrity. The findings suggest that stereotype threat poses a chronic threat to self-integrity and undermines life outcomes for people with disabilities.
Sexual Kindred Spirits
Authors: de Jong David C. , Reis Harry T.
Published: July 2014

We examined whether sexual similarity, complementarity, and perceptual accuracy exist within a large sample of heterosexual couples. Partners exhibited similarity and complementarity of sexual preferences, and they perceived each other’s preferences with a considerable degree of accuracy; these effects were greater than found in randomly assigned pseudocouples. In addition, people overperceived sexual similarity and complementarity, and they overperceived the accuracy with which their partner knew their preferences. We suggest these three forms of overperception are the result of motivated cognitive processes in service of sexual relationship maintenance. Using actor–partner interdependence modeling (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006), overperception predicted sexual satisfaction, as did complementarity, but similarity and accuracy did not. These findings indicate that motivated cognition may foster sexual satisfaction, as theories of motivated relationship cognitions suggest.
The Pharmaceutical Commons
Authors: Lezaun Javier , Montgomery Catherine M.
Published: July 2014

In the last decade, the organization of pharmaceutical research on neglected tropical diseases has undergone transformative change. In a context of perceived “market failure,” the development of new medicines is increasingly handled by public-private partnerships. This shift toward hybrid organizational models depends on a particular form of exchange: the sharing of proprietary assets in general and of intellectual property rights in particular. This article explores the paradoxical role of private property in this new configuration of global health research and development. Rather than a tool to block potential competitors, proprietary assets function as a lever to attract others into risky collaborative ventures; instead of demarcating public and private domains, the sharing of property rights is used to increase the porosity of that boundary. This reimagination of the value of property is connected to the peculiar timescape of global health drug development, a promissory orientation to the future that takes its clearest form in the centrality of “virtual” business models and the proliferation of strategies of deferral. Drawing on the anthropological literature on inalienable possessions, we reconsider property’s traditional exclusionary role and discuss the possibility that the new pharmaceutical “commons” proclaimed by contemporary global health partnerships might be the precursor of future enclosures.
Perceptions About Community Applications of RE-AIM in the Promotion of Evidence-Based Programs for Older Adults
Authors: Ory Marcia G. , Altpeter Mary , Belza Basia , Helduser Janet , Zhang Chen , Smith Matthew Lee
Published: July 2014

Despite the growing literature about the RE-AIM framework as a planning, implementation, and evaluation tool, little is known about practitioners’ adoption of the framework, confidence to utilize framework elements, or perceptions of its usefulness. To assess how RE-AIM was implemented by state aging service providers and public health partners, data were collected using an Internet-delivered, cross-sectional survey from 40 stakeholders in 27 funded states in an evidence-based disease prevention initiative for older adults. Most participants agreed the framework was useful for planning, implementation, and evaluation and relevant for evaluators, providers, community leaders, and policy makers. Yet nearly half felt monitoring RE-AIM requirements requires special expertise, and one third felt the different RE-AIM elements were difficult to measure. Findings indicate the RE-AIM’s appropriateness and utility for planning and evaluating the dissemination of evidence-based programs to older adults; however, additional trainings, resources, and technical assistance are warranted to enhance uptake in community-wide intervention efforts.
Ten-Year Publication Trajectories of Health Services Research Career Development Award Recipients
Authors: Halvorson Max A. , Finlay Andrea K. , Cronkite Ruth C. , Bi Xiaoyu , Hayashi Ko , Maisel Natalya C. , Amundson Erin O’Rourke , Weitlauf Julie C. , Litt Iris F. , Owens Douglas K. , Timko Christine , Cucciare Michael A. , Finney John W.
Published: July 2014

This study’s purpose was to identify distinct publishing trajectories among 442 participants in three prominent mentored health services research career development programs (Veterans Affairs, National Institutes of Health, and Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality) in the 10 years after award receipt and to examine awardee characteristics associated with different trajectories. Curricula vitae (CVs) of researchers receiving awards between 1991 and 2010 were coded for publications, grants, and awardee characteristics. We found that awardees published at constant or increasing rates despite flat or decreasing rates of first-author publications. Senior-author publications rose concurrently with rates of overall publications. Higher overall publication trajectories were associated with receiving more grants, more citations as measured by the h-index, and more authors per article. Lower trajectory groups were older and had a greater proportion of female awardees. Career development awards supported researchers who generally published successfully, but trajectories varied across individual researchers. Researchers’ collaborative efforts produced an increasing number of articles, whereas first author articles were written at a more consistent rate. Career development awards in health services research supported the careers of researchers who published at a high rate; future research should further examine reasons for variation in publishing among early career researchers.
‘Intimacy at a distance’ in humanitarian communication
Authors: Orgad Shani , Seu Bruna Irene
Published: July 2014

While humanitarian communication has been scrutinized by practitioners and academics, the role and meanings of intimacy at a distance in this communication have been largely overlooked. Based on analysis of 17 in-depth interviews with professionals in 10 UK-based international NGOs engaged in planning, designing and producing humanitarian communications, this article explores how intimacy figures in NGOs’ thinking about and practice of humanitarian communication. Drawing on discussions of ‘intimacy at a distance’ and the ‘intimization’ of the mediated public sphere, the analysis explores three metaphors of intimacy used by interviewees to articulate the relationships they seek to develop with and between their beneficiaries and UK audiences: (1) sitting together underneath a tree; (2) being there; and (3) going on a journey. The article situates the governance of intimacy of practitioners’ thinking and practice as NGOs’ attempt to respond to criticisms from the humanitarian and international development sector, policymakers and scholars. It concludes by calling for a revisiting of the centrality of intimacy in humanitarian communication and the logic of emotional capitalism within which it is embedded, outlining its implications for both academic scholarship and practice.
The legal orthopedia of human dignity
Authors: Mendieta Eduardo
Published: July 2014

This article develops a constructivist, non-metaphysical, non-essentialist conception of human dignity using Jeremy Waldron, Michael Rosen, Ernst Bloch, Jürgen Habermas and Axel Honneth. This constructivist conception of dignity is then related to the communicative or reflexive conception of freedom developed by discourse ethics. Then, these two conceptions are demonstrated to be foundational for the development and implementation of human rights.
Assessing Knowledge Sharing Among Academics
Authors: Ramayah T. , Yeap Jasmine A. L. , Ignatius Joshua
Published: July 2014

Background:

There is a belief that academics tend to hold on tightly to their knowledge and intellectual resources. However, not much effort has been put into the creation of a valid and reliable instrument to measure knowledge sharing behavior among the academics.

Objectives:

To apply and validate the Knowledge Sharing Behavior Scale (KSBS) as a measure of knowledge sharing behavior within the academic community.

Subjects:

Respondents ( N = 447) were academics from arts and science streams in 10 local, public universities in Malaysia.

Measures:

Data were collected using the 28-item KSBS that assessed four dimensions of knowledge sharing behavior namely written contributions, organizational communications, personal interactions, and communities of practice.

Results:

The exploratory factor analysis showed that the items loaded on the dimension constructs that they were supposed to represent, thus proving construct validity. A within-factor analysis revealed that each set of items representing their intended dimension loaded on only one construct, therefore establishing convergent validity. All four dimensions were not perfectly correlated with each other or organizational citizenship behavior, thereby proving discriminant validity. However, all four dimensions correlated with organizational commitment, thus confirming predictive validity. Furthermore, all four factors correlated with both tacit and explicit sharing, which confirmed their concurrent validity. All measures also possessed sufficient reliability (α > .70).

Conclusion:

The KSBS is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to formally assess the types of knowledge artifacts residing among academics and the degree of knowledge sharing in relation to those artifacts.
Pairwise Cluster Randomization
Authors: Rhodes William
Published: July 2014

Background:

Cluster randomization (CR) is often used for program evaluation when simple random assignment is inappropriate or infeasible. Pairwise cluster random (PCR) assignment is a more efficient alternative, but evaluators seemed to be deterred from PCR because of bias and identification problems. This article explains the problems, argues that they can be mitigated through design choices, and demonstrates that the suitability of PCR can be tested using Monte Carlo procedures.

Research Design:

The article presents simple formulas showing how the PCR estimator is biased and explains why its standard error is not identified. Formal derivations appear in a longer companion article. Using those formulas, this article discusses how good design can mitigate the problems with bias and identification. Using Monte Carol simulation, this article also shows how to choose between CR and PCR at the design stage.

Conclusions:

This article advocates for wider use of the PCR design. PCR loses its appeal when the investigator lacks baseline data for matching the clusters. Its use is less compelling when there are a large number of clusters. But when the evaluator is working with a fairly small number of clusters—26 in the running example used in this article—PCR is an attractive alternative to CR.
A Method for Analyzing Changing Prison Populations
Authors: Luallen Jeremy , Kling Ryan
Published: July 2014

Background:

For the past several decades, the U.S. prison system has witnessed a steady and persistent increase in the ages of prison populations. Given the additional costs and burdens placed on prisons as they house older inmates, this aging trend has generated intense interest among policy makers and academics who seek to understand why prison populations are getting older.

Objective:

This article presents a method for evaluating drivers influencing the change in age distributions among prisoners.

Method:

We define a methodological approach and demonstrate its application using prison data from four states reporting to the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ National Corrections Reporting Program.

Results:

We find that since 2000, the primary driver of overall growth in the elderly populations in prison (defined as inmates over 50) is the increasing admission age of offenders entering prison. Moreover, changes in offense mix and sentence length/time served over the last decade have had significantly less influence on the age composition of prison populations. We also find that the impact of explanatory factors varies across states and offense types. For example, prison admission and exit rates explain much of the change in elderly drug offenders in New York, but not elderly violent offenders, where admission age plays a much stronger explanatory role.

Conclusion:

Our analysis offers an effective demonstration that supports the use of this method as an important and informative first step toward understanding components of change that affect the problem of prison aging.
The dynamics of failure in international new ventures: A case study of Finnish and Irish software companies
Authors: Nummela Niina , Saarenketo Sami , Loane Sharon
Published: July 2014

This article investigates venture failure in the context of rapid internationalisation using a literature-based framework and four illustrative cases from Finland and Ireland. In addition to introducing a contextualised definition of failure, we offer a holistic framework for analysing failure in future studies while also identifying critical incidents, as well as internal and external factors, informing the failure process. The findings suggest that managerial capabilities, particularly managerial experience and business competence, filter the external drivers of failure.
Cultural intelligence and export performance of small and medium enterprises in Thailand: Mediating roles of organizational capabilities
Authors: Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth
Published: July 2014

This article explores the influence of the cultural intelligence of business owners upon the international performance of their firms, noting the mediating roles of international knowledge acquisition capability and adaptive capability. Using a questionnaire survey, data from 129 small and medium firms in Thailand were collected. Results from the partial least squares regression analysis found a positive effect of cultural intelligence on export performance; this was mediated through international knowledge acquisition capability but not through adaptive capability.
Effect of repaglinide, administered two or three times daily for 3 months, on glycaemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kamiyama Hiroshi , Aoki Kazutaka , Nakajima Shigeru , Shinoda Kazuaki , Kamiko Kazunari , Taguri Masataka , Terauchi Yasuo
Published: July 2014

Objectives

To compare the efficacy, safety and compliance of repaglinide, administered either two or three times daily, regarding glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who had been treated without sulphonylureas or glinides for >3 months, were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either 0.25 mg repaglinide, oral, twice daily (group A) or 0.25 mg repaglinide, oral, three times daily (group B). Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), glycoalbumin (GA) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels were measured at 0, 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment commenced.

Results

Out of 43 patients who enrolled (group A, n = 22; group B, n = 21), 33 patients completed the trial (group A, n = 16; group B, n = 17). No significant between-group differences in HbA1c, GA, or 1,5-AG levels were seen at 1–3 months. No severe hypoglycaemic episodes or other adverse events were observed.

Conclusions

Minimal-dose repaglinide administered twice daily was similar in efficacy and safety to three-times-daily administration, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Administration of repaglinide twice daily could be an alternative regimen for patients who cannot take repaglinide three times daily.
Aberrant promoter methylation of the cadherin 13 gene in serum and its relationship with clinicopathological features of prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Li , Lin Ying-Li , Li Bo , Wang Yu-Zhong , Li Wen-Ping , Ma Jian-Guo
Published: July 2014

Objective

To investigate the clinical significance of cadherin 13 ( CDH13) gene promoter methylation in the serum of patients with prostate cancer.

Methods

This prospective study examined the methylation status of CDH13 in serum samples obtained from patients with primary prostate cancer and age-matched control subjects, using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Associations between methylation status of CDH13 and various clinicopathological features and patient survival were evaluated.

Results

A total of 98 patients with prostate cancer and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the study. CDH13 promoter methylation was detected in 44 out of 98 (44.9%) patients with prostate cancer; no methylation was found in control subjects. Methylation of CDH13 was significantly associated with an increased Gleason score, an advanced tumour stage, and a high prostate-specific antigen level. CDH13 methylation was associated with a worse survival outcome and a relative risk of death of 6.132 (95% confidence interval: 3.160, 12.187).

Conclusions

Promoter methylation of CDH13 occurred frequently in the serum of patients with prostate cancer, was associated with an increased risk of death, and may become a useful independent predictor of a poor prognosis.
Delayed-Onset Ulnar Neuritis After Release of Elbow Contractures
Authors: Blonna Davide , Huffmann G. Russell , O’Driscoll Shawn W.
Published: July 2014

Background:

Little information exists regarding delayed-onset ulnar neuritis (DOUN) after arthroscopic release of elbow contractures.

Purpose:

To describe, in a large cohort of patients, the clinical presentation of and risk factors for developing DOUN after arthroscopic release of elbow contractures.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective study of 565 consecutive arthroscopic releases of elbow contractures was conducted. Essentially, DOUN was defined as ulnar neuritis or neuropathy, or worsening of pre-existing ulnar nerve symptoms, that developed postoperatively in patients with normal neurological examination findings immediately after surgery. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were met, 235 contracture releases in patients who had not undergone any ulnar nerve surgery remained and were used for the analysis of risk factors with a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Twenty-six patients (11%) developed DOUN. The patients fell into 1 of 3 distinct groups. Fifteen (58%) presented with rapidly progressive DOUN, characterized by rapidly progressive sensorimotor ulnar neuropathy, increasing pain at the cubital tunnel during end-range flexion and/or extension, and rapidly deteriorating range of motion within the first week after surgery. Urgent ulnar subcutaneous nerve transposition was performed within 1 or 2 days of diagnosis. Eight (31%) presented with nonprogressive DOUN, characterized by mild sensory ulnar neuropathy, neither motor weakness nor substantial pain at the cubital tunnel, or loss of motion. Three (12%) presented with slowly progressive DOUN, characterized by the insidious onset of mild ulnar neuropathy. Significant risk factors for DOUN included a diagnosis of heterotopic ossification (odds ratio, 31; 95% CI, 5-191; P < .001), preoperative neurological symptoms (odds ratio, 6; 95% CI, 2-19; P = .001), and preoperative arc of motion (odds ratio, 0.97 per degree of motion; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; P = .02).

Conclusion:

Delayed-onset ulnar neuritis is an important complication of arthroscopic release of elbow contractures. We recommend a high index of suspicion and monitoring patients with progressive loss of elbow motion and end-range pain for evidence of subclinical ulnar neuritis.
The Effects of Level of Competition, Sport, and Sex on the Incidence of First-Time Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Beynnon Bruce D. , Vacek Pamela M. , Newell Maira K. , Tourville Timothy W. , Smith Helen C. , Shultz Sandra J. , Slauterbeck James R. , Johnson Robert J.
Published: July 2014

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are disabling and are associated with the early onset of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Little is known regarding the incidence rate of first-time noncontact ACL injuries sustained during athletic events and how they are independently influenced by level of competition, type of sport, and the participant’s sex.

Hypothesis:

Level of competition (college or high school), type of sport (soccer, basketball, lacrosse, field hockey, football, rugby, volleyball), and the athlete’s sex independently influence the incidence rate of first-time noncontact ACL injuries.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Between fall 2008 and spring 2012, first-time noncontact ACL injury data were collected from 8 colleges and 18 high schools across 7 sports. Athlete exposure was computed retrospectively using team rosters and numbers of scheduled practices and games. Injury incidence rates (IRs) were computed per 1000 athlete exposures. The independent effects of level of competition, sport, and sex on ACL injury risk were estimated by Poisson regression.

Results:

Colleges reported 48 ACL injuries with 320,719 athlete exposures across all sports studied (IR = 0.150 per 1000 person-days), while high schools reported 53 injuries with 873,057 athlete exposures (IR = 0.061). After adjustment for differences in sport and sex, college athletes had a significantly higher injury risk than did high school athletes (adjusted relative risk [RR], 2.38; 95% CI, 1.55-3.54). The overall IR for female athletes was 0.112 compared with 0.063 for males. After adjustment for sport and level of play, females were more than twice as likely to have a first-time ACL injury compared with males (RR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.34-3.27). With lacrosse as the reference group, risk of first-time noncontact ACL injury was significantly higher for soccer players (RR, 1.77) and for rugby players (RR, 2.23), independent of level of play and sex.

Conclusion:

An athlete’s risk of having a first-time noncontact ACL injury is independently influenced by level of competition, the participant’s sex, and type of sport, and there are no interactions between their effects. Female college athletes have the highest risk of having a first-time noncontact ACL injury among the groups studied.
Corporate Diversity Programs and Gender Inequality in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Williams Christine L. , Kilanski Kristine , Muller Chandra
Published: July 2014

Since the 1980s, major U.S. corporations have embraced diversity as a management strategy to increase the number of women in top jobs. Diversity management programs include targeted recruitment, hiring, and promotions policies; mentoring programs; affinity groups; and diversity training. Few of these programs have proven effective in achieving gender diversity in the corporate world, despite their widespread popularity. To explore the reasons for this, the authors investigate the experiences of women scientists in the oil and gas industry who are targeted by these programs. In-depth interviews reveal possible reasons why these programs fail to achieve their intended goals. The authors find that these programs can paradoxically reinforce gender inequality and male dominance in the industry. The authors discuss alternative approaches for addressing gender inequality in work organizations and conclude with implications of their findings for corporate approaches to promoting diversity and for future research.
Three Patients With Lafora Disease
Authors: Poyrazoğlu Hatice Gamze , Karaca Emin , Per Hüseyin , Gümüs Hakan , Onay Huseyin , Canpolat Mehmet , Canöz Özlem , Ozkınay Ferda , Kumandas Sefer
Published: July 2014

Lafora disease is a rare, fatal, autosomal recessive hereditary disease characterized by epilepsy, myoclonus and progressive neurological deterioration. Diagnosis is made by polyglucosan inclusion bodies (Lafora bodies) shown in skin biopsy. Responsible mutations of Lafora disease involves either the EPM2A or NHLRC1 ( EPM2B) gene. Mutations in the NHLRC1 gene are described as having a more benign clinical course and a later age of death compared with EPM2A mutations. We report 2 genetic mutations and clinical courses of Lafora disease in 3 adolescents with homozygote NHLRC1 mutation and novel homozygous EPM2A mutation.
Late-Onset Radiation-Induced Vasculopathy and Stroke in a Child With Medulloblastoma
Authors: Bansal Lalit R. , Belair Jeffrey , Cummings Dana , Zuccoli Giulio
Published: July 2014

We report a case of a 15-year-old boy who presented to our institution with left-sided weakness and slurred speech. He had a history of medulloblastoma diagnosed at 3 years of age, status postsurgical resection and craniospinal radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain revealed a right paramedian pontine infarction, suspected secondary to late-onset radiation-induced vasculopathy of the vertebrobasilar system. Radiation to the brain is associated with increased incidence of ischemic stroke. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for stroke when these patients present with new neurologic symptoms.
Cellulose acetate butyrate/poly(caprolactonetriol) blends: Miscibility, mechanical properties, and in vivo inflammatory response
Authors: Kanis Luiz A , Marques Ellen L , Zepon Karine M , Pereira Jefferson R , Pamato Saulo , de Oliveira Marcelo T , Danielski Lucinéia G , Petronilho Fabricia C
Published: July 2014

This study reports the results of the characterization of cellulose acetate butyrate and polycaprolactone-triol blends in terms of miscibility, swelling capacity, mechanical properties, and inflammatory response in vivo. The cellulose acetate butyrate film was opaque and rigid, with glass transition ( T g) at 134℃ and melting temperature of 156℃. The cellulose acetate butyrate/polycaprolactone-triol films were transparent up to a polycaprolactone-triol content of 60%. T g of the cellulose acetate butyrate films decreased monotonically as polycaprolactone-triol was added to the blend, thus indicating miscibility. FTIR spectroscopy revealed a decrease in intramolecular hydrogen bonding in polycaprolactone-triol, whereas no hydrogen bonding was observed between cellulose acetate butyrate and –OH from polycaprolactone-triol. The increase in polycaprolactone-triol content in the blend decreased the water uptake. An increase in polycaprolactone-triol content decreased the modulus of elasticity and increased the elongation at break. A cellulose acetate butyrate/polycaprolactone-triol 70/30 blend implanted in rats showed only an acute inflammatory response 7 days after surgery. No change in inflammation mediators was observed.
Enhanced bone healing around nanohydroxyapatite-coated polyetheretherketone implants: An experimental study in rabbit bone
Authors: Barkarmo S , Andersson M , Currie F , Kjellin P , Jimbo R , Johansson CB , Stenport V
Published: July 2014

Objective

To investigate the bone response to threaded polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants coated with nanohydroxyapatite.

Materials and methods

A total of 39 PEEK implants were coated with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and 39 uncoated implants were used as controls. The implant surface was characterized by optical interferometry and scanning electron microscope. The implants were inserted in the tibia and femur of 13 rabbits. After 6 weeks of healing, quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed.

Results

The test implants showed significantly higher removal torque test values compared with the control group. Histomorphometric evaluation demonstrated higher bone-to-implant contact for the test implants; however, there were no differences in bone area between the groups. Qualitative histological analyses demonstrated inflammatory cellular reactions in close vicinity of both implant surfaces. A two-cell layer of foreign body giant cells was observed irrespective of sample type.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that implants with a threaded design render good stability to PEEK in both coated and uncoated implants. Nanohydroxyapatite-coated PEEK implants demonstrated improved bone formation compared with uncoated controls.
Exploring Mental Health Consequences of Childhood Abuse and the Relevance of Religiosity
Authors: Feinson Marjorie C. , Meir Adi
Published: July 2014

Although childhood abuse is an established risk factor for mental health problems in adulthood, there is relatively little empirical evidence concerning intervening factors that may mitigate the risk. One potentially protective factor is religiosity. A unique opportunity to explore religiosity’s relevance exists with a community-based sample of adult Jewish women that includes sizable subsamples of both rigorously devout ultra-Orthodox ( Haredi) and nonreligious Secular Jews. A global measure of any childhood abuse (ACA) includes sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse. Mental health is assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI distress) and a single item reflecting unresolved anger about the past. Predictors of distress severity are examined with separate hierarchical regressions for each religious observance (RO) group. Despite being located at opposite ends of the religiosity spectrum, several surprising similarities emerge including no significant RO group differences in distress among abuse survivors. Moreover, ACA emerges as the strongest predictor of BSI distress within both groups and regressions explain similar amounts of variance. In contrast, two important differences emerge regarding unresolved anger and any recent abuse (ARA). Anger makes a strong contribution to explaining Haredi distress severity, less so for Secular respondents (6.1% vs. 2.9% respectively) while ARA is significant only for Haredi respondents. These initial findings suggest that abusive traumas in childhood may seriously compromise religiosity’s potentially protective role. Broadening the research agenda to focus on resilient survivors would expand our understanding of healing resources—both within and outside of a religious framework. Moreover, a better understanding of unresolved anger would likely enhance interventions with greater potential for mitigating the suffering of those abused in childhood.
Forgiveness as a Mediator of the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence
Authors: Rivera Peter M. , Fincham Frank
Published: July 2014

Bowen Family Systems Theory and Social Learning Theory served as a framework for examining the potential role of offspring maternal forgiveness in the intergenerational transmission (IGT) of violence. Using 285 emerging adults, we tested the hypotheses that higher accounts of witnessed interpersonal violence perpetrated by either parent would relate to increased reports of dating violence, and that offspring’s capacity to forgive mothers for current transgressions would mediate this relationship. Witnessing interpersonal violence perpetrated by either parent significantly related to offspring dating violence perpetration and victimization. In addition, witnessing violence perpetrated by either parent significantly related to offspring dating violence perpetration, via offspring’s capacity to forgive. Contrary to expectation, offspring’s capacity to forgive mothers did not mediate the link between father-perpetrated violence and dating violence victimization; however, it did serve as mediator in the association between mother-perpetrated violence and offspring dating violence victimization. Overall, the findings suggest that witnessing violence perpetrated by either parent explains a portion of the variance in offspring dating violence indirectly through offspring’s capacity to forgive mothers for current transgressions. The present study contributes to previous research on the IGT of violence by identifying forgiveness as a mechanism in which intimate partner violence is transmitted generationally. Implications and future directions are discussed for researchers and clinicians.
Athletic Coaches as Violence Prevention Advocates
Authors: Jaime Maria Catrina D. , McCauley Heather L. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Nettiksimmons Jasmine , Decker Michele R. , Silverman Jay G. , O’Connor Brian , Stetkevich Nicholas , Miller Elizabeth
Published: July 2014

Adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) is a significant public health problem. Coaching Boys Into Men (CBIM) is an evidence-based ARA prevention program that trains coaches to deliver violence prevention messages to male athletes. Assessing acceptability and impact of CBIM on coaches may inform prevention efforts that involve these important adults in health promotion among youth. As part of a two-armed cluster-randomized controlled trial of CBIM in 16 high schools in Northern California, coaches completed baseline and postseason surveys ( n = 176) to assess their attitudes and confidence delivering the program. Coaches in the intervention arm also participated in interviews ( n = 36) that explored program acceptability, feasibility, and impact. Relative to controls, intervention coaches showed increases in confidence intervening when witnessing abusive behaviors among their athletes, greater bystander intervention, and greater frequency of violence-related discussions with athletes and other coaches. Coaches reported the program was easy to implement and valuable for their athletes. Findings illustrate the value of exploring attitudinal and behavioral changes among ARA prevention implementers, and suggest that coaches can gain confidence and enact behaviors to discourage ARA among male athletes. Coaches found the program to be feasible and valuable, which suggests potential for long-term uptake and sustainability.
Direct and Indirect Assessments of Activities of Daily Living in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Lima-Silva Thais Bento , Bahia Valéria Santoro , Carvalho Viviane Amaral , Guimarães Henrique Cerqueira , Caramelli Paulo , Balthazar Márcio Luiz Figueredo , Damasceno Benito , Bottino Cássio Machado de Campos , Brucki Sônia Maria Dozzi , Nitrini Ricardo , Yassuda Mônica Sanches
Published: July 2014

Background:

There is limited information about the functional profile of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).

Objective:

To compare direct and indirect assessments of activities of daily living (ADLs) in bvFTD and Alzheimer disease (AD) and their relationship with cognitive performance.

Methods:

In all, 20 patients with bvFTD, 30 patients with AD, and 34 normal controls (NCs), matched for age, education, and severity of dementia, completed the Direct Assessment of Functional Performance (DAFS-BR) and usual cognitive measures. The Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) was completed by caregivers.

Results:

In DAFS-BR, patients with bvFTD and AD had similar performance but lower than NCs. In DAD, there were no significant differences for effective performance, but patients with bvFTD had lower scores for initiation and planning/organization. Patients with bvFTD were less impaired than AD in cognition.

Conclusion:

Functional changes in bvFTD seem to be better documented by indirect measures.
Successful Latina Scientists and Engineers
Authors: San Miguel Anitza M. , Kim Mikyong Minsun
Published: July 2014

Utilizing a phenomenological perspective and method, this study aimed to reveal the lived career mentoring experiences of Latinas in science and engineering and to understand how selected Latina scientists and engineers achieved high-level positions. Our in-depth interviews revealed that (a) it is important to have multiple mentors for Latinas’ success; (b) various types of mentoring can be effective in career development; (c) the support and encouragement of mentors is essential; and (d) mentoring relationships should be a mutual agreement. Findings also suggest that implementing formal and informal mentoring programs can encourage Latinas to pursue careers in science and engineering and have a positive influence on career success. The commonly shared characteristics and experiences that promote career success are trailblazer, mentoring types, networking, professional opportunities, support and encouragement, goal orientation, and passion and belief.
Women’s Science Major Satisfaction
Authors: Deemer Eric D.
Published: July 2014

Women contend with gender bias in certain science contexts, which suggests they may be likely to adopt prevention-focused modes of regulation aimed at maintaining safety and security in such settings. This study represented an integrated test of regulatory focus theory (RFT; Higgins, 1997, 1998) and the critical mass hypothesis, which assumes that women are attracted to scientific career fields in which their group represents a majority. Participants were 255 female undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and/or mathematics (STEM) majors enrolled in science laboratory classes. Results indicated that number of men in labs moderated the mediated relationship between affiliation and intrinsic science motivation via academic satisfaction. This moderated mediation effect was observed at low, but not average or high, levels of men in labs. No such effect was observed at high levels of women in labs. Theoretical and empirical implications for research related to the underrepresentation of women in STEM are discussed.
Fabrication and anti-oxidation properties of Al/Ti-6Al-4V bimetallic clad-sheet by multi-pass friction stir welding
Authors: Li Bo , Shen Yifu , Luo Lei , Hu Weiye
Published: July 2014

Bimetallic Al/Ti-6Al-4V clad sheets were fabricated via a novel technical route, mainly by multi-pass friction stir lap welding method. Preliminary investigations on process principles, clad-sheet formability, bonding property, and interlayer structure evolutions were performed. The anti-oxidation performance of Al/Ti-6Al-4V specimens was particularly researched, considering our focus on the protection role of exterior Al-cladding. More fully Ti/Al inter-diffusion and phase-stratification occurred within the interlayer after oxidation test. The Ti/Al interlayer forming mechanisms by friction stir lap welding was elucidated.
Effects of the cutting fluid reduction on the dimensional quality of holes
Authors: Zeilmann Rodrigo P , Vacaro Tiago , Bordin Fernando M , Soares Rafael M
Published: July 2014

Drilling is one of the machining processes most used by manufacturing companies and is very complex from the perspective of scientific study. The geometry and the surface are generated in a single operation with many influential parameters. Geometric and dimensional control are more critical when the use of cutting fluids is reduced or eliminated because the temperatures in the process can influence the shape and the dimensional accuracy of the holes. However, this influence is not completely understood. With this goal, this article presents a dimensional analysis of holes made with carbide drills in AISI P20 steel under the fluid application of emulsion, minimal quantities of lubricant and dry machining. The dimensional parameters analyzed were the diameter and the circularity of the holes. Special highlight can be given to shape results, which were evaluated at different depths (beginning, middle and end of the hole), and along the evolution of the number of holes. Some differences of the investigated results compared to the literature are due to the formation of adhesion on the wall of the hole, resulting from passage of the edge on this particular severity condition.
Application of linear regression model on chatter threshold delineation
Authors: Koohestani Afshin , Mo John PT , Yang Sam
Published: July 2014

This research is to parameterize the variation in reconstructed phase space attractor Poincaré sections during the milling process in order to identify the transition of system from stable to unstable condition. Vibration is continuously acquired during the milling process and converted to the form of reconstructed time series. A regression model is developed to compute the trend of changes in the reconstructed phase space attractor Poincaré sections and output a numerical value indicating the level of stability. A threshold value of the trend value defines the boundary of stable and unstable states of milling process. The method monitors the state of system without the necessity to have analytical relationship between cutting parameters and milling dynamics. It can also be used as an online monitoring process to detect the onset of chatter.
Effect of microstructure on the surface finish during machining of V-microalloyed steel: Comparison between ferrite–bainite–martensite and ferrite–pearlite microstructures
Authors: Sivaraman V , Vijayaraghavan L , Sankaran S
Published: July 2014

Multiphase ferrite–bainite–martensite microalloyed steel produced through a two-step cooling followed by annealing route and a ferrite–pearlite steel obtained through air-cooling after forging were subjected to turning operation. The influence of process parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut on surface roughness on both materials was compared. The results show that the multiphase microalloyed steel exhibited high surface finish than air-cooled steel. The analysis of variance shows that the contribution of cutting speed and depth of cut on surface roughness are insignificant for both ferrite–bainite–martensite and ferrite–pearlite microstructures.
Experimental study on the effect of finishing parameters on surface roughness in magneto-rheological abrasive flow finishing process
Authors: Dehghan Ghadikolaei Amir , Vahdati Mehrdad
Published: July 2014

In this study, a novel precision finishing process for complex internal geometries using smart magneto-rheological polishing fluid is developed. Magneto-rheological abrasive flow finishing process provides better control over rheological properties of abrasive-laden finishing medium that exhibits changes in rheological behavior in the presence of external magnetic field. The finishing fluid used in this study contains SiC and iron particles with a combination of specific volume percentage of glycerin and liquid paraffin as abrasive, magnetizable and base medium parts, respectively. The smart characteristics of magneto-rheological fluid are utilized to precisely control finishing forces to control surface quality. A hydro-mechanical device is used to provide experimental setup in order to investigate the effects of different parameters on surface roughness. This device consists of a hydro-mechanical power unit, abrasive fluid containers, permanent Nd-Fe magnets, workpiece fixtures and a base frame. Experiments were conducted on austenitic stainless steel (AISI304), aluminum (7075 alloy) and copper (unalloyed) with different magnetic field strength, abrasive particle size and finishing time cycles. It is observed that by decreasing magnetic field strength, the surface roughness decreases in all three materials. Besides, with increase in abrasive particle mesh number, surface roughness tends to be higher. However, there is a slight difference observed through different finishing cycle times. The specific applications of this process are finishing fluid guidelines in precise instruments like capillary tubes in drug delivery setups.
Analytical prediction of forming pressure for three-layered tube hydroforming
Authors: Xu HB , Seyedkashi SMH , Joo BD , Moon YH
Published: July 2014

Tube hydroforming is a special manufacturing process that uses high-pressure fluid to flow the material into a die cavity. This process has been used mostly in automobile and aerospace industries. Compared to the conventional metal forming processes, it has the advantages of weight reduction, less tooling cost, fewer secondary operations, and improved structural strength and stiffness. In special working environments, multi-layered tubes with combined material properties, high strength, and corrosion resistance are required to satisfy conflicting requirements. In this study, an analytical model for predicting the forming pressure range of a three-layered tube is developed and experimentally verified. Fundamental theories for calculation of the pressure for the inner, center, and outer tubes are proposed. Forming pressures are obtained from equilibrium equations for the action and reaction forces on the contacting walls of the tubes. In order to validate the proposed model, free bulge experiments are performed with stainless steel/aluminum alloy/copper alloy and stainless steel/carbon steel/copper alloy three-layered tubes. The measured forming pressures are in reasonable agreement with those obtained from the analytical model.
Enhanced assessment of a supplier selection problem by integration of soft sets and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set
Authors: Chang Kuei-Hu
Published: July 2014

Selecting the most appropriate supplier is a key issue in supply chain management and is linked to the success of the entire supply chain. Supplier selection is a multiple-criteria decision-making problem that has qualitative and quantitative factors. The traditional method by which this is calculated adopts a precise value or single linguistic terms to represent attribute data. However, real-life situations have many uncertainties and imprecise or missing data with regard to supplier selection. Moreover, experts equivocate between several values in assessing attribute data in real-world situations. These factors increase the difficulty selecting suppliers, causing decision-makers to make incorrect choices. To solve this issue, we present an integrated approach, using a soft set and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set, for selecting the appropriate supplier in the supply chain. A practical example of liquid crystal display module supplier selection is presented to illustrate the proposed approach, the results of which are compared with those of the arithmetic average method and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set method. The proposed approach effectively solves the problems of incomplete attribute data and expert hesitation in assessing attribute data.