bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Diabetes in a Singapore Children’s Hospital: Molecular Diagnoses of Four Cases
Authors: Vasanwala Rashida F , Lim Song Hai , Ellard Sian , Yap Fabian
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Neonatal diabetes (ND) presents below 6 months of age, and is caused by a genetic defect in glucose homeostasis. Molecular genetic diagnosis can identify the exact molecular aetiology and guide clinical management. The objective of this study was to identify ND among children with diabetes in a major children’s hospital in Singapore and to characterise their molecular and clinical features. Materials and Methods: The study identified all infants below 6 months of age who presented with diabetes to our centre from January 2008 to December 2010. It also reviewed diabetes database comprising 662 patients, to identify those who were diagnosed with diabetes below 6 months of age between January 1997 and December 2010. Four patients (3 females and 1 male) were identified and their molecular aetiology was investigated. Results: A molecular aetiology was found in each of the 4 patients identified. Two patients (Patient 1 and 2) had permanent ND (PND). Patient 1 who has KCNJ11/R201H mutation was successfully switched from insulin to oral glibenclamide and Patient 2 who has a novel mutation INS/C109Y continues to be treated with insulin. Two patients (Patient 3 and 4) had transient ND (TND) and no longer require insulin or any other intervention to maintain normoglycaemia. Patient 3 has a novel mutation ABCC8/F1182S and Patient 4 has a paternal duplication on chromosome 6q24. Conclusion: This study identified 4 cases of ND in our cohort of diabetes children and confirmed their molecular diagnosis. Molecular genetic testing for these children led to accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Key words: Monogenic diabetes, Permanent, Transient
Surgeon-Performed Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (SP-US-FNAC) Shortens Time for Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Gu Wei Xiang , Tan Chuen Seng , Ho Thomas WT
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC) of thyroid nodules is an important diagnostic procedure. In most hospitals, patients are referred to radiologists for US-FNAC, but this often results in a long waiting time before results are available. Surgeon-performed US-FNAC (SP-US-FNAC) during the initial patient consultation attempts to reduce the waiting time but it is not known whether this is as accurate as radiologist-performed US-FNAC (RP-US-FNAC). The aim of this study is to compare the clinical efficiency between SP-US-FNAC and RP-US-FNAC. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients from the Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) who underwent an US-FNAC from August 2011 to May 2012. All cases of SP-US-FNAC were performed by a single surgeon. This study compared the rates of positive diagnoses achieved by SP-US-FNAC and RP-US-FNAC as well as the time interval to reach a cytological diagnosis by each group. Results: A total of 40 cases of SP-US-FNAC and 72 cases of RP-US-FNAC were included in the study. SP-US-FNAC resulted in 28 (70%) positive diagnoses and 12 (30%) non-diagnoses while RP-US-FNAC resulted in 47 (65.3%) positive diagnoses and 25 (34.7%) non-diagnoses. These results were comparable (P = 0.678). The median time taken to reach a cytological diagnosis was 1 working day for SP-US-FNAC and 29.5 working days for RP-US-FNAC resulting in a shorter interval to reaching a cytological diagnosis for SP-US-FNAC (P <0.001). Conclusion: In the workup of thyroid nodules, SP-US-FNAC is as accurate as RP-US-FNAC but significantly reduces the time taken to reach a cytological diagnosis. This leads to greater clinical efficiency in the management of patients with thyroid nodules, which in turn leads to other benefits such as decreased patient anxiety and increased patient satisfaction.

Key words: Accuracy, Biopsy, Diagnostic, Thyroid workup, Waiting times
Hearing Loss in Newborns with Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Tan Enrica EK , Hee Karen YM , Yeoh Annie , Lim Sok Bee , Tan Henry KK , Yeow Vincent KL , Daniel Lourdes Mary
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This study aims to review the results of hearing screens in newborns with cleft deformities. Materials and Methods: A retrospective audit of 123 newborns with cleft deformities, born between 1 April 2002 and 1 December 2008, was conducted. Data on the results of universal newborn hearing screens (UNHS) and high-risk hearing screens, age at diagnosis, severity/type of hearing loss and mode of intervention were obtained from a prospectively maintained hearing database. Results: Thirty-one of 123 newborns (25.2%) failed the first automated auditory brainstem response (AABR). Seventy percent of infants (56 out of 80) who passed the UNHS failed the high-risk hearing screens which was conducted at 3 to 6 months of age. Otolaryngology referral rate was 67.5% (83/123); 90.3% of 31 newborns who failed the first AABR eventually required otolaryngology referrals. Incidence of hearing loss was 24.4% (30/123; 25 conductive, 2 mixed and 3 sensorineural), significantly higher than the hospital incidence of 0.3% (OR: 124.9, 95% CI, 81.1 to 192.4, P <0.01). In terms of severity, 8 were mild, 15 moderate, 5 severe, 2 profound. Eighteen out of 30 infants (60%) were detected from the high-risk hearing screens after passing the first AABR. Conclusion: These newborns had a higher risk of failing the UNHS and high-risk hearing screen. There was a higher incidence of hearing loss which was mainly conductive. Failure of the first AABR was an accurate predictor of an eventual otolaryngology referral, suggesting that a second AABR may be unnecessary. High-risk hearing screens helped to identify hearing loss which might have been missed out early on in life or which might have evolved later in infancy.

Key words: Malformation, Screening
Renal Transplant Outcomes in Spousal and Living-Related Donors in Malaysia
Authors: Guad Rhanye Mac , Ng Kok Peng , Lim Soo Kun , Hirayama Kenji , Eng Hooi Sian , Wan Md Adnan Wan Ahmad Hafiz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Studies have shown that a compatible human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match can confer a favourable effect on graft outcomes. We examined the outcomes of HLA matching in renal transplant donors in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A total of 140 patients who had compatible ABO blood type with negative T-cell lymphocytotoxicity crossmatch were included in the study and 25% of them were spousal transplant donors. No remarkable differences in acute rejection rate, graft survival, patient survival and serum creatinine level were observed between the spousal and living-related donor groups. Results: The spousal donor group had a higher degree of HLA mismatch than the living-related donor group. HLA-A mismatch was associated with increased rejection risk at 6 months (odds ratio [OR], 2.75; P = 0.04), 1 year (OR, 2.54; P = 0.03) and 3 years (OR, 3.69; P = 0.001). It was also observed in the deleterious effects of HLA-B and HLA-DQ loci when the number of antigen mismatches increased. The risk was 7 times higher in patients with ≥1 mismatch at HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR loci than those who did not have a mismatch at these loci at 6 months (P = 0.01), 1 year (P = 0.03) and 3 years (P = 0.003). Conclusion: A good match for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ can prevent acute rejection risk in renal transplant patients. Consequently, spousal donor transplants could be a safe intervention in renal patients.

Key words: Graft survival, Human leukocyte antigen incompatibility, Immunosuppressant, Patient survival
Validating a Standardised Approach in Administration of the Clinical Frailty Scale in Hospitalised Older Adults
Authors: Chong Edward , Chia Jia Qian , Law Felicia , Chew Justin , Chan Mark , Lim Wee Shiong
Published: June 2022

Introduction: We developed a Clinical Frailty Scale algorithm (CFS-A) to minimise inter-rater variability and to facilitate wider application across clinical settings. We compared the agreement, diagnostic performance and predictive utility of CFS-A against standard CFS. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed data of 210 hospitalised older adults (mean age, 89.4 years). Two independent raters assessed frailty using CFS-A. Agreement between CFS-A raters and with previously completed CFS was determined using Cohen’s Kappa. Area under receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC) for both measures were compared against the Frailty Index (FI). Independent associations between these measures and adverse outcomes were examined using logistic regression. Results: Frailty prevalence were 81% in CFS and 96% in CFS-A. Inter-rater agreement between CFS-A raters was excellent (kappa 0.90, P <0.001) and there was moderate agreement between CFS-A and standard CFS (kappa 0.42, P <0.001). We found no difference in AUC against FI between CFS (0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.95) and CFS-A (0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.95; P <0.001). Both CFS (OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 2.28-5.67; P <0.001) and CFS-A (OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 2.41-7.69; P <0.001) were good predictors of mortality at 12 months. Similarly, CFS (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.81-3.69; P <0.001) and CFS-A (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 2.13-6.02; P <0.001) were also good predictors of institutionalisation and/or mortality after adjusting for age, sex and illness severity. Conclusion: Our study corroborated the results on inter-rater reliability, diagnostic performance and predictive validity of CFS-A which has the potential for consistent and efficient administration of CFS in acute care settings. Key words: Assessment, Frailty, Geriatric, Inpatient, Risk
Clinical Determinants of Diabetes Progression in Multiethnic Asians with Type 2 Diabetes – A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Sylvia , Liu Jian Jun , Gurung Resham L , Chan Clara , Yeo Darren , Ang Keven , Tang Wern Ee , Tavintharan Subramaniam , Sum Chee Fang , Lim Su Chi
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The risk for diabetes progression varies greatly in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to study the clinical determinants of diabetes progression in multiethnic Asians with T2DM. Materials and Methods: A total of 2057 outpatients with T2DM from a secondary-level Singapore hospital were recruited for the study. Diabetes progression was defined as transition from non-insulin use to requiring sustained insulin treatment or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥8.5% when treated with 2 or more oral hypoglycaemic medications. Multivariable logistic regression (LR) was used to study the clinical and biochemical variables that were independently associated with diabetes progression. Forward LR was then used to select variables for a parsimonious model. Results: A total of 940 participants with no insulin use or indication for insulin treatment were analysed. In 3.2 ± 0.4 (mean ± SD) years’ follow-up, 163 (17%) participants experienced diabetes progression. Multivariable LR revealed that age at T2DM diagnosis (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.96 [0.94-0.98]), Malay ethnicity (1.94 [1.19-3.19]), baseline HbA1c (2.22 [1.80-2.72]), body mass index (0.96 [0.92-1.00]) and number of oral glucose-lowering medications (1.87 [1.39-2.51]) were independently associated with diabetes progression. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve of the parsimonious model selected by forward LR (age at T2DM diagnosis, Malay ethnicity, HbA1c and number of glucose-lowering medication) was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72-0.80). Conclusion: Young age at T2DM diagnosis, high baseline HbA1c and Malay ethnicity are independent determinants of diabetes progression in Asians with T2DM. Further mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology underpinning progressive loss of glycaemic control in patients with T2DM.

Key words: Glucose-lowering medications, Glycaemic control, High-density lipoprotein
Non-Invasive Ventilation in Children with Paediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Zeng Jian Sheng , Qian Su Yun , Wong Judith JM , Ong Jacqueline SM , Gan Chin Seng , Anantasit Nattachai , Chor Yek Kee , Samransamruajkit Rujipat , Phuc Phan Huu , Phumeetham Suwannee , Feng Xu , Sultana Rehena , Loh Tsee Foong , Lee Jan Hau ,   The Pediatric Acute & Critical Care Medicine Asian Network (PACCMAN)
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Evidence supporting non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) remains sparse. We aimed to describe characteristics of patients with PARDS supported with NIV and risk factors for NIV failure. Materials and Methods: This is a multicentre retrospective study. Only patients supported on NIV with PARDS were included. Data on epidemiology and clinical outcomes were collected. Primary outcome was NIV failure which was defined as escalation to invasive mechanical ventilation within the first 7 days of PARDS. Patients in the NIV success and failure groups were compared. Results: There were 303 patients with PARDS; 53/303 (17.5%) patients were supported with NIV. The median age was 50.7 (interquartile range: 15.7-111.9) months. The Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score and oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SF) ratio were 2.0 (1.0-10.0) and 155.0 (119.4-187.3), respectively. Indications for NIV use were increased work of breathing (26/53 [49.1%]) and hypoxia (22/53 [41.5%]). Overall NIV failure rate was 77.4% (41/53). All patients with sepsis who developed PARDS experienced NIV failure. NIV failure was associated with an increased median paediatric intensive care unit stay (15.0 [9.5-26.5] vs 4.5 [3.0-6.8] days; P <0.001) and hospital length of stay (26.0 [17.0-39.0] days vs 10.5 [5.5-22.3] days; P = 0.004). Overall mortality rate was 32.1% (17/53). Conclusion: The use of NIV in children with PARDS was associated with high failure rate. As such, future studies should examine the optimal selection criteria for NIV use in these children. Key words: Bi-level positive airway pressure, Continuous positive airway pressure, Non-invasive ventilation
Reliability of Graders and Comparison with an Automated Algorithm for Vertical Cup-Disc Ratio Grading in Fundus Photographs
Authors: Tong Weihan , Romero Maryanne , Lim Vivien , Loon Seng Chee , Suwandono Maya E , Shuang Yu , Di Xiao , Kanagasingam Yogi , Koh Victor
Published: June 2022

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the intergrader and intragrader reliability of human graders and an automated algorithm for vertical cup-disc ratio (CDR) grading in colour fundus photographs. Materials and Methods: Two-hundred fundus photographs were selected from a database of 3000 photographs of patients screened at a tertiary ophthalmology referral centre. The graders included glaucoma specialists (n = 3), general ophthalmologists (n = 2), optometrists (n = 2), family physicians (n = 2) and a novel automated algorithm (AA). In total, 2 rounds of CDR grading were held for each grader on 2 different dates, with the photographs presented in random order. The CDR values were graded as 0.1-1.0 or ungradable. The grading results of the 2 senior glaucoma specialists were used as the reference benchmarks for comparison. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.37-0.74 and 0.47-0.97 for intergrader and intragrader reliability, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the human graders’ level of reliability and their years of experience in grading CDR (P = 0.91). The area under the curve (AUC) value of the AA was 0.847 (comparable to AUC value of 0.876 for the glaucoma specialist). Bland Altman plots demonstrated that the AA’s performance was at least comparable to a glaucoma specialist. Conclusion: The results suggest that AA is comparable to and may have more consistent performance than human graders in CDR grading of fundus photographs. This may have potential application as a screening tool to help detect asymptomatic glaucoma-suspect patients in the community. Key words: Eyes, Glaucoma, Intraocular pressure
An Intelligent Ubiquitous Online Application for Mentoring System
Authors:   Department of Information Sc & Engg, Mangalore Institute of Technology & Engineering Mangalore, India
Published: June 2022

Mentoring is a way of transferring skills and knowledge from a knowledgeable person to a person who is in need of guidance. In today’s world mentoring has become one of the prominent ways of learning. Usually traditional mentoring programs will involve one person guiding a group of students (mentees). Our system is designed to connect Mentor and Mentee where there will be one to one interaction. Rather than learning without proper guidance, mentee can learn from mentor as he will share information about his career path, provide guidance and also helps with exploring career and setting goals. The responsibility of a mentor is to showcase the possibilities to the students and to guide them on respective possible outcomes. Mentor Connector is a web based application which is developed to improve the performance of the students by assisting mentors to understand mentees problems. This application connects more people compared to traditional face-to-face mentoring system. If a person wants guidance from any mentor he can search through this web application and select the mentor of his choice present in any corner of the world. This system mainly enables the mentors to concentrate effectively on each and every student assigned to them. Scheduling future meetings is also easier.
El recreo escolar un espacio de juego, comunicación y transmisión cultural (School recess a space for play, communication and cultural transmission)
Authors: González-Plate Lylian Iris , Rivera García Enrique , Trigueros Cervantes Carmen
Published: June 2022

Este estudio constituye parte de una investigación mayor, que pone la mirada en el recreo escolar comprendiendo que es un puente entre lo que ocurre dentro de la escuela y lo que sucede fuera de ella; su propósito central ha sido interpretar las vivencias que ha tenido el profesorado en formación en relación al Recreo escolar como un espacio de juego, de interacción social y de transmisión cultural. El estudio ha sido realizado a partir del análisis cualitativo de 63 narrativas autobiográficas de un total de 143 estudiantes consultados durante el primer curso de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Pedagogía en Educación Primaria y Educación Infantil. Los principales hallazgos indican que sus recuerdos de los recreos escolares, refieren a cuatro temáticas centrales: al tipo de praácticas corporales realizadas, las percepciones sobre estos espacios, las interacciones que ocurren y las valoraciones y críticas que se construyen al respecto; destaca los comportamientos de género que surgen espontáneamente en este espacio, diferenciándose en actividades corporales que realizan preferentemente las mujeres y los hombres; no obstante, lo común para ambos grupos es la motivación de ganar el juego y la oportunidad de interactuar libremente con sus pares. Finalmente señalar que frente a cambios sociales como los producidos por la actual pandemia, invitan a continuar indagando acerca del Recreo escolar como espacio de juego, comunicación y transmisión cultural.
Abstract. This study constitutes part of a larger investigation, which focuses on school recess, understanding that it is a bridge between what happens inside the school and what happens outside it; Its central purpose has been to interpret the experiences that teachers in training have had in relation to School Recess as a space for play, social interaction and cultural transmission. The study has been carried out from the qualitative analysis of 63 autobiographical narratives of a total of 143 students consulted during the first year of Pedagogy in Physical Education, Pedagogy in Primary Education and Early Childhood Education. The main findings indicate that their memories of school breaks refer to four central themes: the type of bodily practices carried out, the perceptions of these spaces, the interactions that occur, and the evaluations and criticisms that are constructed in this regard; highlights the gender behaviors that arise spontaneously in this space, differentiating themselves in bodily activities that are preferably carried out by women and men; however, what is common to both groups is the motivation to win the game and the opportunity to freely interact with their peers. Finally, point out that in the face of social changes such as those produced by the current pandemic, they invite us to continue inquiring about School Recess as a space for play, communication, and cultural transmission.
Heart Involvement In Hemoglobinopathies: Two Case Reports and Brief Review of Literature
Authors:   Hopital La Rabta Adult Cardiology Service Tunis Ministry of Public Health, Tunisia, Yaakoubi Wael
Published: June 2022

Τhe two main determinants of cardiovascular phenotype in haemoglobinopathy patients are the underlying molecular defect responsible for the main disease and the therapy applied for its management. The spectrum of cardiovascular manifestations in haemoglobinopathies is wide and includes ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, thromboembolic events... We report a case of thalassemia and one of sickle cell disease having different clinic phenotype with brief literature review.
Successful Management of an Oligometastatic Nsclc Patient with Multimodal Therapy
Authors:   Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco, Ismaili Nabil
Published: June 2022

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is more often diagnosed at an advanced stage and carries a poor prognosis. Recently, according to the new version of AJCC staging system published in 2018, oligometastatic disease has been integrated as an intermediate stage between non-metastatic and metastatic forms. The prognosis of oligometastatic NSCLC was significantly improved by the use of multimodal therapy, including chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, surgery and stereotactic radiotherapy. However, there is little evidence regarding the optimal sequence of these modalities in the management of patients with oligometastatic disease. We describe here a case study of a patient diagnosed with metachronous oligometastatic NSCLC, successfully managed by multimodal therapy based on stereotactic radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and standard radiotherapy for local control. Furthermore, randomized prospective studies would be of capital interest, including multi-centre patient studies and evaluation of several treatment strategies.
PUBLIC DIPLOMACY
Authors: Antipin Nikolai
Published: June 2022

At thepresent stage of human development, we are witnessing the accumulation of more and more global problems. These include climate change, the growing food crisis, migration, international terrorism, etc. The old system of international security, established since the end of World War II, has served for many years as a guarantor of stability in maintaining peace both at the regional and international levels. But already in the 20th century, we are witnessing the collapse of the former security system by major Powers. The era of globalization in which we live has dramatically changed the lives of entire peoples and regions, and external circumstances emphasize the fragility of such a system. The rapid digitalization of society and the emergence of new technologies also create certain risks, through direct or indirect distortion of reliable information, which we are now witnessing. In the modern world, social hierarchy is provided not only on the basis of the distribution of material resources, but also to an increasing extent on the basisof the distribution of symbolic resources.
In a rapidly changing world, attention is still being paid to the importance of non-military methods and information technologies in foreign policy and the management of modern political processes, and the state is losing its absolute power monopoly in international political processes. There are processes of disintegration both at the level of interstate relations and in the whole world. Based on the increasing role of the image of the state and other actors of international relations in political processes, scientific interest in the problem of image formation by means of public diplomacy in the international arena has increased in recent decades due to the fact that an opportunity has presented itself to take a fresh look at the information and communication field of state activity. The term "public diplomacy" has different interpretations, but they are reduced to two main ones: diplomacy carried out by non-state actors in international relations, and diplomacy whose object of influence is, first of all, the public opinion of other countries.
ГОЛОД 1921-1922 ГОДОВ В ЗАПАДНОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ: ПРИЧИНЫ И ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ
Authors: Sarsenov Aldar , Кairgaliyeva Gulfairuz , Alipova Dana
Published: June 2022

В статье рассматривается один из трагических периодов в истории казахского народа - голод 1921-1922 годов на примере Западного Казахстана. Одной из главных причин голода указывается гражданская война. Справедливо отмечается, что большевики, совершив октябрьский переворот, ввергли страну в пучину братоубийственной войны. Как известно, гражданская война является самой бессмысленной и жесткой из всех войн. Авторами объектом исследования не случайно выбран западноказахстанский регион. Именно здесь развернулись боевые действия нескольких фронтов в годы гражданской войны. А г. Уральск вовсе был окружен и оставался без связи со внешним миром в течение трех месяцев, Советская власть там была установлена позже всех городов Казахстана.
На основа архивных данных западноказахстанских областей и Центральных архивов показаны бесчинства как белогвардейцев, так и красноармейцев в отношении казахского населения. Обобрав до нитки людей, они создали предпосылки голода. Авторы полагают, что насильственные действия воюющих сторон являются одной из основных причин, приведших казахское население к голоду и как следствие демографическому краху. К этой причине добавляются разрушение народного хозяйства в результате гражданской войны, сокращение голов скота в результате политики «военного коммунизма», сокращение посевных площадей, джут 1920 г. и засуха 1921 г. Из вышеназванных причин выделяется недальновидная антинародная политика «военного коммунизма» большевиков. В результате этой политики к концу 1920 г. продовольственный фонд Казахской республики был полностью уничтожен.
Особенно убийственной для казахского населения была сдача государству мяса и молока. В статье прослеживается весь ход голода в Западном Казахстане, количество голодающих в разрезе губерний, делается сравнительный анализ с остальными регионами Казахстана. Богатые архивные и документальные материалы, монографии и другие исследования, использованные авторами, позволили раскрыть причины голода 1920-1922 годов и его последствия для казахского населения.
Patiëntenparticipatie: identificatie van hiaten in de communicatie tussen patiënten en zorgverleners
Authors: Punnewaert E. , Eeckloo K. , Van Hecke A. , Malfait S.
Published: June 2022

Patient participation: identifying gaps in the communication between patients and healthcare professionals Background. Patient participation is a current topic in healthcare. Communication between healthcare professionals and patients during hospitalization is one of the most important aspects that contributes to its application and stimulation. Aim. Identifying gaps in the communication between patients and healthcare professionals. Method. A cross-sectional multicentre study in which 62 Belgian hospitals participated. The Patient Participation Culture Tool was completed by 3,052 nurses and 523 physicians. Descriptive data analyses were performed. Results. For 13 statements, the sum of the response options ‘do not agree’ and ‘this is not my task’ by physicians and/or nurses is 50% or more: 11 statements in the communication between patients and nurses and 2 in the communication between patients and physicians. Nurses do not agree and/or find it not their task to inform patients about the reason for (medical) care and the expected length of stay, nor to involve patients in their care/treatment plan and discharge planning. Both physicians and nurses do not agree and/or consider it not their task to mention that patients themselves can make suggestions in the organisation of their care. Similarly, physicians do not agree and/or find it not their task to inform patients about the possibility of reporting complaints. Conclusion. This study identified 13 gaps in the communication between patients and healthcare professionals. A lack of effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals on the care/treatment plan, the probable length of stay, the discharge planning, complaint reporting, the reason for (medical) care and the organisation of care negatively affects an optimal patient participation.
Introduction: Why Refugee Self-Reliance?
Authors: Easton-Calabria Evan
Published: June 2022

The first chapter is available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND license. Evan Easton-Calabria’s critical history of refugee self-reliance assistance brings new dimensions to refugee and international development studies. The promotion of refugee self-reliance is evident today, yet its history remains largely unexplored, with good practices and longstanding issues often missed. Through archival and contemporary evidence, this book documents a century of little-known efforts to foster refugee self-reliance, including the economic, political, and social motives driving this assistance. With five case studies from Greece, Tanzania, Pakistan, Uganda, and Egypt, the book tracks refugee self-reliance as a malleable concept used to pursue ulterior interests. It reshapes understandings of refugee self-reliance and delivers important messages for contemporary policy making.
Milliy qadriyatlar vositasida maktabgacha tarbiya yoshidagi bolalarda xulq madaniyatini shakllantirishning usul va vositalari
Authors: Baysariyev Nosir
Published: June 2022

Ushbu maqolada milliy qadriyalar millatning tabiiy-tarixiy rivoji, ijtimoiy turmushi, yashash tarzi, o‘tmishi, kelajagi, madaniyati, ma’naviyati, urf-odatlari, an’analari, tili u vujudga kelgan hudud va boshqalar bilan uzviy bog‘langanligi, ular milliy qadriyatlar tizimida tarixiy jarayonlar davomida o‘z o‘rniga ega ekani haqida so‘z yuritilgan. Maqolada maktabgacha tarbiya yoshidagi bolalarda milliy qadriyatlar vositasida xulq madaniyatini shakllantirish yo‘nalishlari va yo‘llari, milliy qadriyatlar vositasida maktabgacha tarbiya yoshidagi bolalarda xulq madaniyatini shakllantirish omillari, shakllari va tavsiyalar keltirilgan.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük ve Mükemmeliyetçilik ile Öz Duyarlılık Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: BAŞCI Zehra , HAMAMCI Zeynep
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinin belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve mükemmeliyetçilik ile öz duyarlılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Araştırmaya lisans ve yüksek lisans düzeyinde öğrenim görmekte olan toplam 401 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan üniversite öğrencilerinin % 66.3’ ünü (n=266) kadın, % 33.7’sini (n=135) erkek öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeylerini ölçmek için Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği (BTÖ), mükemmeliyetçilik düzeylerini ölçmek için Çok Boyutlu Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği (ÇBMÖ), öz duyarlılık düzeylerini ölçmek için ise Öz-Duyarlılık Ölçeği (ÖDÖ) kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi için ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde , basit doğrusal korelasyon analizi ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre üniversite öğrencilerinin belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeyleri ile mükemmeliyetçilik düzeyleri arasında pozitif ilişki, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeyleri ile öz duyarlılık düzeyleri arasında negatif ilişki, mükemmeliyetçilik düzeyleri ile öz duyarlılık düzeyleri arasında ise yine negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Son olarak yapılan regresyon analizinde üniversite öğrencilerinin öz duyarlılık düzeylerini belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeyleri yordarken mükemmeliyetçilik düzeylerinin anlamlı şekilde yordamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Covid-19 Salgınında Okullarda Sağlık ve Güvenlik Stratejileri: Ülke Örnekleri
Authors: UYSAL TORAMAN Aynur , KISA Ökkeş
Published: June 2022

Okullar toplumların önemli bir parçasıdır. Covid-19 salgının yayılımını azaltmak için dünya genelinde okullar kapatılmıştır. Bu süreçte dünyada 1.6 milyar öğrenci eğitimi çeşitli yöntemlerle devam etmiştir. Bu durum öğrenciler arasında çocuk işçiliğinde artış, uzaktan eğitime ulaşamama ve ruh sağlıklarının olumsuz etkilenmesi gibi derin sorunlara neden olmuştur. Yapılan çalışmalar ve uluslararası örgütlerin deneyimleri okullarda öğrencilerin Covid-19 salgınına yakalanma olasılıklarının düşük olduğunu, birbirlerine bulaştırıcılığının daha az ve hastalığı hafif geçirdiklerini göstermiştir. Her ülke kendi şartlarına uygun olarak okullarda yüz yüze eğitimin devamlılığını sağlamak ve okuldaki tüm bireylerin Covid-19 salgınından korumak için maske, sosyal mesafe, el hijyeni, ateş ölçümü ve semptom takibi, aşı uygulaması, karantina uygulaması, sınıf mevcudunun azaltılması, havalandırma, kalabalık ortamın azaltılması gibi halk sağlığı önlemleri alarak sağlık ve güvenlik stratejileri oluşturmuştur. Uluslararası kuruluşlar Covid-19 salgını ile mücadelede, okullarda okul sağlığı ekibi veya her okulda bir okul hemşiresinin görev almasını önermiştir. Derlemede Covid-19 salgınında kapanan okulların tekrar açılması ve devamlılığı için okullarda uygulanan sağlık ve güvenlik stratejileri ülkelerin gelişmişlik/gelişmemişlik düzeylerine bakılmaksızın dünya genelinden başta Amerika Birleşik devletleri, Çin, Danimarka, Norveç, Singapur, Tayvan, Hindistan ve Türkiye ülkeleri ve Afrika kıtası ülkeleri ise Afrika hastalık kontrol ve önleme merkezi tavsiyelerini uyguladıkları için Afrika kıtasından ülke seçilmeyerek Covid-19 salgınında okullarda sağlık ve güvenlik stratejileri: ülke örnekleri başlıklı makale literatür doğrultusunda incelenmiş ve alanyazıya katkı sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
Psikolojik Danışmanların Tükenmişlik Seviyelerinin Q Metot Yöntemi İle İncelenmesi
Authors: TAYTAŞ Metin
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, psikolojik danışmanların tükenmişlik seviyelerini araştırmaktır. Çalışma Van il merkezinde görev yapan 10’u kadın, 10’u erkek olacak şekilde 20 psikolojik danışman ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın nitel ve nicel boyutu psikolojik danışmanların herhangi bir konuda fikir birliği ya da fikir ayrılığı yaşadıkları noktaları tespit etmek için kullanılan Q metoduna dayandırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda alanyazında hazır bulunan Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Psikolojik danışmanların tükenmişlik seviyelerini araştırmak amacıyla katılımcılara olumlu ve olumsuz olmak üzere toplamda 15 soru yöneltilmiş ve psikolojik danışmanların bu sorulara katılıp katılmama dereceleri Q metodu yardımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ulaşılan verilerin hangi faktörler altında toplandığını tespit etmek için veriler “PQ Method 2.35” programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak faktör yük değerleri hesaplanarak maddelerin Z puan değerleri ve maddelerin faktörlerdeki önem sırasına göre psikolojik danışmanların tükenmişlik konusunda algıları ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada psikolojik danışmanların tükenmişlik seviyeleri arasında yüksek bir korelasyon olduğu ve tükenmişlik seviyelerine ilişkin psikolojik danışmanların algısının ayrışmadığı görülmüştür.
Üniversite Öğrencileri Örnekleminde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı ile Adil Dünya İnancı Arasındaki İlişkiler
Authors: KAYA Şeyma , KAYA Orhan , SOYDAN Muhammed Emin
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet tutumu ile adil dünya inançlarının bazı demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada nicel tarama yöntemlerinden biri olan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini üniversitelerde öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veriler çevirimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar 140 (% 56.4) kadın, 108 (% 43.6) erkek olmak üzere 248 bireyden oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında bazı demografik sorularla beraber adil dünya inancı ölçeği ve toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri tutum ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen analizlerin sonucunda erkeklerin kadınlara göre daha geleneksel olduğu bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan baba kaybı yaşayan bireylerin diğerlerine göre toplumsal cinsiyet açısından daha geleneksel oldukları ve adil dünya inançlarının daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ekonomik gelir arttıkça toplumsal cinsiyet bakımından bireylerin daha geleneksel oldukları ve adil dünya inançlarının yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Son olarak ekonomik durumun adil dünya inancı düzeyi ile toplumsal cinsiyet tutumu arasında aracı bir rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ulaşılan sonuçlar ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Merhametin Üç Yönelimi ile Tanımlanması
Authors: ÇEVİK Özlem
Published: June 2022

Duygular insan ilişkilerinin geliştirilmesinde ve sürdürülmesinde kilit bir role sahiptir. Sevgi, saygı, hoşgörü gibi diğer duygularla ilişkili olan merhamet duygusu da insan ilişkilerindeki etkisi yadsınamaz düzeydedir. Literatürde pek çok tanımı bulunan merhametin üç farklı yönelimi vardır. Bunlar, kendine merhamet, başkasına merhamet ve başkasından gelen merhameti kabul etme. Merhametin tanımlaması bu üç kavramının tanımlamasını içerir. Çünkü merhametle ilgili yapılan tanımlamalar bu üç yönelimden biriyle ilgilidir. Fakat merhamet tek bir yönüyle tanımlandığında eksik ve yetersiz bir kalır. Dolayısıyla bir kişinin, merhametli olarak nitelendirilebilmesi için hem kendine karşı merhametli olmalı hem bir başkasına karşı merhametli olmalı hem de başka bir insandan kendisine yönelin merhameti kabul edebilmelidir. Fakat merhametten söz edildiğinde insanların aklına genellikle merhametin tek bir yönelimi gelir, bir başkasına karşı duyulan merhamet. Merhamet ile ilgili çalışmalara bakıldığında genelde merhametin sadece bu yönü ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca son dönemlerde, genellikle öz şefkat olarak adlandırılan ve kişinin kendine yönelen merhameti ifade eden kendine merhamet de çalışmalarda yer almaktadır. Oysa merhametin bir başka yönelimi daha vardır. Bu da başkasından gelen merhamettir. Merhameti değerlendirirken bu üç yönelimiyle ele almak gereklidir. Bu yüzden bu çalışmada merhamet kavramı ve merhamet yönelimi ulaşılan kaynaklar doğrultusunda betimlenmiştir.
Hubungan antara Psikobiotik dengan Gangguan Kecemasan
Authors: Atmaja Budiman , Rafelia Vania
Published: June 2022

Kecemasan memiliki manifestasi yang melibatkan rasa takut dan cemas berlebih yang berdampak pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Prevalensi kecemasan diperkirakan mencapai 10.6% dalam satu tahun dan 16.6% seumur hidup di dunia. Psikobiotik menjadi salah satu terapi kecemasan yang menjanjikan. Tulisan ini dilakukan dengan mencari sumber dari jurnal dan buku teks terkait dengan patogenesis kecemasan, hubungan otak dengan saluran cerna, mikrobiota dan psikobiotik, dan hubungan antara psikobiotik dengan kecemasan. Kecemasan melibatkan disregulasi neurotransmitter seperti gamma-aminobutyric-acid, serotonin, dan noradrenaline. Metabolisme triptofan melalui jalur kynurenine dan hormon yang disekresi oleh saluran pencernaan juga berperan dalam kecemasan. Selain melalui N. vagus, faktor inflamasi dari kortisol dalam aksis hipotalamus-pituitari-adrenal menjadi penghubung antara saluran cerna dan otak dalam hal kecemasan. Psikobiotik berperan memproduksi neurotransmitter yang mengalami disregulasi saat kondisi cemas. Produksi asam lemak rantai pendek, metabolisme triptofan, dan microbe-associated molecular pattern pada psikobiotik membuat adanya faktor protektif terhadap kebocoran usus dan mengurangi inflamasi yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri patogen. Asam lemak rantai pendek berinteraksi dengan peptida kolesistokinin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, dan glucagon like peptide-1. Proses hubungan antara psikobiotik dan kecemasan ini diperantarai oleh N. vagus. Dengan demikian, psikobiotik berperan dalam membantu mengurangi kecemasan.
Устные методы обучения в музыке Востока: современное состояние (на примере казахских инструменталистов)
Authors: Омарова Гульзада , Таттимбет Казангап
Published: June 2022

Многосторонние преобразования в культуре ХХ века привели к доминированию европеизированных форм в функционировании и обучении традиционных музыкантов. Нотная система обучения традиционных музыкантов породила новый тип музыканта, который уже не владеет навыками импровизации и сочинительства (композиторскими способностями). В связи с этим ставится цель актуализировать природные (устные) методы обучения, которые практиковались в устно-музыкальной традиции Востока и системе «Ұстаз – шәкірт» («Учитель – ученик»). Их возрождение необходимо сегодня с целью возможной оптимизации исполнительского искусства в сфере казахской традиционной музыки.
Универсальные признаки музыки Востока – устность, вариантность, импровизационность, синкретизм, наличие художественного канона и пр. Все они связаны с формами и методами воспитания полноценных исполнителей традиционной музыки в современности. В статье вскрываются причины того, почему казахские традиционные музыканты сегодня потеряли функцию творцов и не способны полностью осуществлять репродуцирующую деятельность. В этой ситуации начатая в 70–80 годы работа по сбору, систематизации и изучению народной терминологии и теории музыки должна продолжаться и использоваться в современной учебной практике. Необходимо срочно выработать современную методологию устного обучения и создать продуманную обновленную систему довузовского и вузовского образования традиционных музыкантов с целью их полноценного функционирования в современной культуре Казахстана.
В основу методологии данного исследования легли методы современного искусствознания и этномузыкознания (системный, комплексный и др.), а также известные методы других гуманитарных и народоведческих дисциплин. В отношении практики традиционного и современного обучения музыкантов устных восточных культур применяются методы анализа и синтеза, общенаучные методы классификации, систематизации и типологии. На основании результатов исследования сделан вывод о необходимости выработки (наряду с имеющимися письменными формами) методологии устных форм обучения на системной основе.
Africa and the challenges of religious foundationalism: Thinking on Wole Soyinka’s option
Authors: Akintan Oluwatosin Adeoti , Oyenuga Olukayode Felix
Published: June 2022

The super-imposition of extraneous religious logic has caused serious problems in Africa. Though religion is a strong force to be reckoned with in national development, it has proved to be problematic in a nation like Nigeria. Dangerous fanaticisms, sectarian violence, violation of human rights are some of the problems that emanate from a wrong episteme of religion. Beyond this, there is a foundationalist epistemology where adherents of various denominations push up the epistemic capacity of their religion as the ultimate standard of religious rationality. This has polarized humanity to such an extent that religious inclinations form a basis for the definition and recognition of the being of others. If John shares the same faith with James, then James is considered a brother and a human, but if they share a different faith, the question of humanity and rationality automatically sets in. This paper critically explores the concept of religion, foundationalism and generates a philosophical discourse that can enhance a mindset of tolerance. It explores the view of Wole Soyinka in his essay, The Credo of Being and Nothingness and asserts that the humanistic value in the African Traditional Religion could be a template for other religions and a feature to be propagated.
Rapid Safety Assement and Experimental Derivation of Damage Indexes for In-Service Glass Slabs
Authors: Bedon Chiara , Noè Salvatore
Published: June 2022

The mechanical performance of pedestrian structures attracts the attention of several studies, especially with respect to unfavourable operational conditions or possible damage scenarios. In terms of vibrations, for example, specific customer comfort levels must be satisfied, depending on the class of use, the structural typology, the involved materials, in addition to basic safety requirements. A special consideration should be given to in-service systems that are possibly affected by degradation or even damage, and thus potentially unsafe for pedestrians. In this regard, the availability of standardized non-destructive protocols for a reliable and rapid structural safety assessment may result in efficient support for diagnostic analyses. In this paper, 3 different laminated glass (LG) modular units belonging to 2 different indoor in-service pedestrian systems located in Italy are investigated. Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) procedures and dynamic identification techniques are used to quantify the residual capacity of the examined systems, including damage and material degradation, based on a single triaxial Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) accelerometer. The experimentally derived performance indicators and calibrated mechanical parameters for the examined structural system are assessed towards traditional design procedures, and further quantified with the support of Finite Element (FE) numerical model updating. A comparative analysis is carried out to explore the structural performance and safety levels of in-service LG slabs in regards to vibration comfort, deflection control and stress analysis.
High-transparency Clear Glass Windows with Large PV Energy Outputs
Authors: Moor Dieter , Rosenberg Victor , Vasiliev Mikhail
Published: June 2022

Multiple modern glass and window products based on novel glazing designs, metal-dielectric coatings, and proprietary interlayer types have been developed recently. Advanced windows of today can control properties such as thermal emissivity, heat gain, colour, and transparency. In more recent and more novel glass products, solar energy harvesting through PV integration is also featured. Typically, semitransparent and also highly-transparent PV windows are purpose-designed, to include luminescent materials, special microstructures, and customized electric circuitry. Recently, significant progress has been demonstrated in building integrated highly-transparent solar windows (VLT up to 70%, with Pmax ~ 30-33 Wp/m2, eg Clearvue PV Solar Windows); these are expected to add momentum towards the development of smart cities. These Clearvue window systems are, at present in 2021, the only type of high-transparency and clear construction materials capable of providing significant energy savings in buildings, simultaneously with renewable energy generation. The technology has already been deployed and tested in both commercial property applications and in R&D greenhousing. Of special interest is the combination of properties provided by Clearvue solar window products, which includes significant power conversion efficiency (~3.3%), which is achieved in windows of colour rendering index of 99%, simultaneously featuring high PV Yield in multi-oriented building-integrated PV (BIPV) installations.