bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Approach for the Climate Change Impact Assessment on the Water Resources in the Sangu River Basin, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Md. Khairul , Rasmy Mohamed , Koike Toshio , Tamakawa Katsunori
Published: February 2024

The Sangu river basin contributes to national economy significantly; however, exposures to water-related hazards frequently. As it is expected that water-related disasters will increase manifold in the future due to global warming, the Government of Bangladesh has formulated Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (BDP-2100) to enhanced climate resilience. Accordingly, this study assessed the hydro-meteorological characteristics of the Sangu River basin under changing climate. This study scientifically selected five General Circulation Models (GCMs) to include the model climate sensitivity and statistically bias-corrected their outputs. The Water and Energy Budget-based Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (WEB-RRI) model was used to simulate the hydrological responses of the basin. The analysis of five GCMs under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP8.5) revealed that all selected GCMs estimate a 2-13% increase in annual rainfall and a 3-12% increase in annual discharge in the near-future (2025-2050), whereas four GCMs project an 11-52% increase in annual rainfall and a 7-59% increase in annual discharge in the far-future (2075-2100). The projected more frequent and intense increased extreme rainfall and flood occurrences in the future indicate an increase in flood disaster risk, whereas increased meteorological and hydrological drought in the future reflects a scarcity of water during dry periods. The number of projected affected people shows an increasing trend due to the increased inundation in the future. However, increasing trend of transpiration indicates agricultural productivity will increase in the future. Policymakers can utilize this evidence-based information to implement BDP-2100 and to reduce the disaster risks in the basin.
N-glycosylation as a Modulator of Protein Conformation and Assembly in Disease
Authors: Pasala Chiranjeevi , Roychowdhury Tanaya , Sharma Sahil , Moroni Elisabetta , Colombo Giorgio , Chiosis Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Glycosylation, a prevalent post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in regulating intricate cellular processes by covalently attaching glycans to macromolecules. Dysregulated glycosylation is linked to a spectrum of diseases, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, congenital disorders, infections, and inflammation. This review delves into the intricate interplay between glycosylation and protein conformation, with a specific focus on the profound impact of N-glycans on the selection of distinct protein conformations, characterized by distinct interactomes – namely protein assemblies - under normal and pathological conditions across various diseases. We begin by examining the spike protein of the SARS virus, illustrating how N-glycans regulate the infectivity of pathogenic agents. Subsequently, we utilize the prion protein and the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 as examples, exploring instances where N-glycosylation transforms physiological protein structures into disease-associated forms. Unraveling these connections provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues and a deeper comprehension of the molecular intricacies that underlie disease conditions. This exploration of glycosylation's influence on protein conformation effectively bridges the gap between the glycome and disease, offering a comprehensive perspective on the therapeutic implications of targeting conformational mutants and their pathologic assemblies in various diseases. The goal is to unravel the nuances of these post-translational modifications, shedding light on how they contribute to the intricate interplay between protein conformation, assembly and disease.
Complex Study of Settlements Dating from Paleolithic to Medieval Ages of Southern Urals on Border of Europe and Asia
Authors: Prikhodko Valentina E , Savelev Nikita S , Kotov Vyacheslav G , Nikolaev Sergey Yu , Ruslanov Evgeny V , Rumyantsev Mikhail M
Published: February 2024

Soil, geochemical, microbiological and archaeological studies were conducted at eight settlements dating from the Paleolithic to Late Medieval and New Times near the Southern Trans-Urals mountains, Russia. The forest-steppe landscapes, rivers and abundance of mineral resources have attracted people to region since ancient times. Properties of cultural layer (CLs): close to neutral pH, well structured, absence of salinity, enrichment with exchangeable calcium and anthropogenic phosphorus (0.2–0.4%). The majority of CLs start from 3–25 cm and last up to 40–60 cm and contain 6–10% organic carbon (Corg), in a layer of 0–20 cm because modern processes are developing here, at Ishkulovo site (around 14th century) Corg decreases to 1.3%, because CL is below 80 cm and in the absence of fresh organic material it is mineralized. The content of microbial biomass of the 0–10 cm layer is 520–680 μg С/g of soil, microbes cause the emission of 0.2–1.0 μg C–CO2/g soil per h. The proximity of the studied sites to deposits of copper, chromium, zinc, manganese and Magnitogorsk Metallurgical and Uchaly processing plants creates geochemical anomalies of soils. Pollutants are also released into the CLs from bronze products, ore, ceramic fragments and raw materials from their manufacture. It leads to the concentration of pollutants of the 1st (arsenic, lead, zinc) and 2nd (cobalt, copper, nickel, chromium) hazard classes in the studied CLs, often in quantities higher than the clarke and less often – more than the allowable content for human health.
Morquio a Syndrome: Identification of Differential Patterns of Molecular Pathway Interac-Tions in Bone Lesions
Authors: Alvarez J.  Victor , Bravo Susana B , Chantada-Vázquez Maria del Pilar , Pena Carmen , Colón Cristóbal , Tomatsu Shunji , Otero-Espinar Francisco J. , COUCE MARIA LUZ
Published: February 2024

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA; Morquio A syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by deficiency of a hydrolase enzyme, N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, and characterized clinically by mainly musculoskeletal manifestations. The mechanisms underlying bone involvement in humans are typically explored using invasive techniques such as bone biopsy, which complicates analysis in humans. We compared bone proteomes using DDA and SWATH-MS in wild-type and MPS IVA knockout mice to obtain mechanistic information about the disease. Our findings reveal over 1000 dysregulated proteins in knockout mice, including those implicated in oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species), DNA damage, and iron transport, and suggest that lactate dehydrogenase may constitute a useful prognostic and follow-up biomarker. Identifying biomarkers that reflect MPS IVA clinical course, severity, and progression have important implications for disease management.
Secure Edge Communications Over the IoT
Authors: Plageras Andreas , Stergiou Christos L. , Psannis Konstantinos
Published: February 2024

The world has changed. New technologies, new trends, new protocols, new efficient algorithms, and systems have been used widely by civilized countries to have better and more convenient living. In this research, there have been introduced many new terms, technologies, and mechanisms. Moreover, threats, attacks, and vulnerabilities have been studied and a novel scenario has been proposed in order to overcome all these violations that have been presented in this paper. The scenario is based on a security model that has been proposed for critical sectors, such as hospitals, industries, etc., which need efficient solutions to go one step further and improve the secure and efficient living and treatment of people. The aim of this research has been to understand through research the IoT security issues and propose the appropriate solutions based on the most suitable security algorithms. The results, which have been based on the complexity, the throughput, the power consumption, the strength, and the memory usage of the algorithms studied, have been hopeful and helpful for future research and experimentation.
El recurso a razones en el derecho internacional privado
Authors: Silva Jorge Alberto
Published: February 2024

El autor se cuestiona cómo interpretar los enunciados normativos de derecho internacional privado. Destaca la importancia de resolver “los casos dificiles”, según la terminología hartiana. Los juristas se encuentran ante una actividad compleja que se dificulta, por el empleo de expresiones ajenas al foro doméstico que no son fáciles de significar. Esto es, dada la especialidad del lenguaje objeto, la interpretación y aplicación de la normatividad internacional, presenta, normalmente, un “caso dificil” que requiere del reformulador razonamiento, ponderación y proporcionalidad de razones, pues no puede concluir solo mediante un simple modus ponens, ni afirmar que el derecho ya está previsto. Al momento de interpretar hay que aducir razones para la toma de la decisión final. En el caso de problemas de tráfico jurídico internacional, la toma de una decisión nunca debe carecer de racionalidad, siendo el juez el que debe realizar la actividad de mayor importancia: argumentar. La conclusión a la que se llega es que aunque es importante la decisión final, más lo es el procedimiento a seguir para llegar a esa decisión final.
Schirm Anita: Diskurzusjelölők szövegeken innen és túl (Hollóy Zsolt)
Authors: Hollóy Zsolt
Published: February 2024

-
1965 US Voting Rights Act Impact on Black and Black Versus White Infant Death Rates in Jim Crow States, 1959–1980 and 2017–2021
Authors: Rushovich Tamara , Nethery Rachel C. , White Ariel , Krieger Nancy
Published: February 2024

Objectives. To investigate the impact of the US Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 on Black and Black versus White infant deaths in Jim Crow states.

Methods. Using data from 1959 to 1980 and 2017 to 2021, we applied difference-in-differences methods to quantify differential pre–post VRA changes in infant deaths in VRA-exposed versus unexposed counties, controlling for population size and social, economic, and health system characteristics. VRA-exposed counties, identified by Section 4, were subject to government interventions to remove existing racist voter suppression policies.

Results. Black infant deaths in VRA-exposed counties decreased by an average of 11.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7, 21.0) additional deaths beyond the decrease experienced by unexposed counties between the pre-VRA period (1959–1965) and the post-VRA period (1966–1970). This translates to 6703 (95% CI = 999.6, 12 348) or 17.5% (95% CI = 3.1%, 28.1%) fewer deaths than would have been experienced in the absence of the VRA. The equivalent differential changes were not significant among the White or total population.

Conclusions. Passage of the VRA led to pronounced reductions in Black infant deaths in Southern counties subject to government intervention because these counties had particularly egregious voter suppression practices. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(3):300–308. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307518 )
Cervantes y la consciente humanización literaria de don Quijote: capítulos IX y X de la segunda parte
Authors: Andino Sánchez Antonio de Padua
Published: February 2024

Resumen: Los capítulos IX y X de la segunda entrega son una muestra de la más que posible vinculación del texto cervantino con las obras de Séneca, Homero, Ovidio, Virgilio, Plinio el Viejo y Persio. Además, constituyen la base argumental del entramado posterior de la historia y una clave importante para poder dilucidar cómo exhibe Cervantes la singularidad de sus personajes frente a los estereotipos grotescos que circulaban ya en su época entre las masas populares y que, literariamente, desembocaron en la degradada caricatura del Quijote apócrifo de Avellaneda.
Palabras clave: Quijote. Cervantes. Persio. Plinio el Viejo. Cultura Clásica.
Abordaje pedagógico de los procesos de innovación social
Authors: Ortiz Claudia Isabel , Gurvich Marta Daniela , Zuccarino César Rogelio
Published: February 2024

La evolución de la formación de comunicadores en América Latina, influenciada por modelos curriculares cambiantes, plantea cuestionamientos sobre la relevancia de la innovación social. Este artículo aborda estas inquietudes a través de la presentación de la experiencia del Seminario de Comunicación y Procesos de Innovación en la Licenciatura de Comunicación Social de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, desarrollado de 2021 a 2023. 
Se presentan los resultados preliminares de un estudio exploratorio cualitativo que ha tomado en cuenta las tres cohortes del seminario para analizar las estrategias pedagógico-didácticas implementadas.
En conclusión, el seminario enfoca la enseñanza de la innovación desde tres dimensiones (marcos teóricos, relación con estudios de comunicación y praxis docente), fomentando una formación integral y crítica, con el propósito de abrir nuevas perspectivas en la resolución de problemáticas sociales.
Atentados y política: asesinato del General Schneider y su impacto en la prensa española
Authors: Díaz Aguad Alfonso , Bustos González Raúl
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to identify the reactions that the assassination of General René Schneider, which took place in Chile in 1970, provoked in the Spanish press of the time. Based on a historiographic analysis of newspaper sources, periodicals were reviewed, considering their circulation criteria, national projection and relationship with a political tendency. In this descriptive review of sources, it was possible to identify that the way of approaching this evento was influenced by their editorial lines.
Propuesta para el manejo de la zona marino costera desde Pacocha, Ilo hasta Morro Sama, Sama
Authors:   , Paz Dulanto Ximena Alejandra
Published: February 2024

En el mundo, la franja marino costera contiene a los ecosistemas con mayor demanda por actividad humana. En áreas con una gestión deficiente, esto puede resultar en la pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo generar una propuesta de manejo en la zona marino costera entre Pacocha (Moquegua) hasta Morro Sama (Tacna). El área de estudio comprendió desde la franja costera hasta los 5 km de distancia desde la línea costera en el continente, y la zona marina estuvo comprendida dentro de las 5 millas desde la línea costera. El desarrollo de la propuesta se realizó a partir de la definición y mapeo de los ecosistemas de la zona, los servicios ecosistémicos que proveen y las presiones que ejercen las actividades humanas sobre los ecosistemas. Para la elaboración de la propuesta de manejo se utilizó el programa Marxan With Zones en el cual se consideró los Servicios ecosistémicos, presiones ecosistémicas, presencia de bancos naturales y de ríos en cada ecosistema identificado y evaluado. Como resultado se planteó la implementación de 4 zonas de manejo: Protección, Preservación, Uso sostenible y Recuperación, siendo la zona de Uso sostenible la de mayor representatividad (30%) y la de Recuperación la de menor representatividad (16%). Los resultados pueden ser utilizados por los tomadores de decisiones en la implementación de un plan para el Manejo Integrado de Zonas Costeras.
The association between weight-adjusted waist index and psoriasis in adults: results from NHANES 2009-2014
Authors: Zhao Xiya , Li Junqin , Li Xinhua
Published: February 2024

Background
Evidence has indicated that the correlation between obesity and psoriasis is likely multifactorial in nature.Previously, no reports have been made regarding the correlation between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and psoriasis.
Methods
In this cross-sectional research, we examined a cohort of adult participants who provided comprehensive data related to WWI and psoriasis, gathered during the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The calculation for WWI involved dividing waist circumference (WC) by the square root of body weight. We explored the association between WWI and psoriasis through multivariate linear regression modeling and subgroup analyses. The smoothing curve fitting was also applied .
Results
The study included 15,920 participants aged over 19 years, of whom 438 had a history of psoriasis.It revealed a notable positive correlation between WWI and psoriasis(OR = 1.226; 95% CI, 1.071–1.404, P < 0.05).The quartile with the highest WWI value (OR = 1.551; 95% CI, 1.127–2.135, P < 0.05) had a significantly increased risk of developing psoriasis by 55.1% compared with the quartile with the lowest WWI value. A positive nonlinear connection between WWI and psoriasis was observed in the smoothed curve fitting results.
Conclusion
Among U.S. adults, levels of WWI are positively associated with increased odds of developing psoriasis.We propose that adopting obesity management strategies based on the WWI could be beneficial in lowering the risk of psoriasis.
Adherence to secondary preventive treatment following myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Nordenskjöld Anna M , Qvarnström Miriam , Wettermark Björn , Lindahl Bertil
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Secondary preventive medications following myocardial infarction (MI) reduce the risk of new cardiovascular events. Discontinuation and suboptimal adherence are common and affect prognosis. However, there is limited knowledge regarding adherence in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). We therefore aim to evaluate the adherence to guideline recommended medications in patients with MINOCA and myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary arteries (MI-CAD).
Methods
This was a Swedish nationwide observational study of MI patients recorded in the SWEDEHEART registry between 2006─2017. A total of 9,138 MINOCA and 107,240 MI-CAD patients were followed for a mean 5.9 years. Initiation of therapy, implementation determined using medication possession rate, and persistence rates during different time periods were calculated.
Results
Patients with MINOCA were less frequently prescribed secondary preventive medications than MI-CAD. The percentage of patients taking medication as prescribed were lower in MINOCA than in MI-CAD at all time points; during months 6─12 after discharge: aspirin 94.8% vs 97.2% (p < 0.001), statins 90.3% vs 94.7% (p < 0.001), and ACEI/ARBs 97.7% vs 98.5% (p = 0.002) and at 12 months: aspirin 84.4% vs 93.7% (p < 0.001), statins 83.8% vs 94.8% (p < 0.001), ACEI/ARBs 85.0% vs 92.2% (p < 0.001) and beta blockers 80.4% vs 89.6% (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The rates of initiation, implementation, and persistence of secondary preventive medications were high in both MINOCA and MI-CAD patients during the first 5 years after MI. The lower rates in patients with MINOCA may be partially due to uncertainties regarding the diagnosis of MINOCA, differences in patient characteristics, and psychosocial factors.
Strategic Use of Index-Based Frost Insurance to Reduce Financial Risk and Improve Income Stability for Wheat Producers in Australia
Authors: Barratt Jonathan , Kath Jarrod , Mushtaq Shahbaz , Christopher Jack , Collins Brian , An-Vo Duc-Anh , Chenu Karine
Published: February 2024

Losses due to frost undermine the financial sustainability of growing spring wheat, which is often managed by the late sowing of crops. While late sowing may reduce frost risk, it can compromise yields due to increasing risks of heat and drought stress later in crop development. We tested a novel targeted frost index insurance cover called the heating degree day temperature minimum call option, which allows farmers to plant earlier and increases their chances of attaining higher yields while also financially protecting them in case of a frost event. The potential value of the insurance was investigated using crop simulation modelling. Based on the integration of the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator modelling framework and index insurance structures for 22 frost-affected farms over 40 years in Australia’s wheat growing regions, we (i) determined the optimal sowing date and potential yield benefits, (ii) estimated the yield impact of frost for crops sown on that date , and (iii) examined the utility of index-based frost insurance options that may financially protect farmers from frost risk if they sow on the optimal date, assuming they plant and insure their crops every year. On all farms modelled, gains were made on those sowed on the optimal date. The use of the targeted frost index where frost occurred regularly helped secure increased returns and therefore benefits. The targeted integration of the frost index insurance with optimal cropping dates, especially for frost-prone regions, may be an important strategy for reducing financial impacts and enhancing income stability.
Elevation and parent material drive biocrust distributions and soil extracellular enzyme activity along a dryland elevation gradient
Authors: Baldarelli Lauren M. , Ward David , Throop Heather L.
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims
Climate and soil-related variables are two major environmental factors contributing to the spatial distribution of organisms. Elevational gradients can be used to better understand the climate impacts on natural systems given their tight relationship with temperature and precipitation. Soil variables can be used to explain elevational discrepancies at the small scale as they are important predictors of species-specific niches. Dryland ecosystems provide a unique opportunity to better understand the spatial distributions especially regarding biocrusts, a collection of ecologically important organisms that include lichens, mosses and cyanobacteria, that colonize the soil surface.
Methods
We sampled biocrusts and bulk soil from 31 sites along a 1,700 m elevation gradient between Phoenix and Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. We explored relationships among biocrust cover, elevation and parent materials including granite, limestone, basalt and sandstone. We also measured extracellular enzyme activity at each site as an index of potential microbial activity.
Results
Lichens were associated with lower elevations whereas higher moss cover corresponded with higher-elevation limestone sites. We found that elevation and soil parent material had significant effects on enzyme activity, although the direction of the associations differed among enzymes. There was also a significant positive correlation between biocrust cover, electrical conductivity and vascular plant cover.
Conclusion
Overall, this study represents a general framework for environmental variables affecting biocrust communities in drylands, showing that there is a need to include both elevation and soil parent material within analyses of biocrust cover and type (i.e., lichens and mosses).
Prevalence, type and associated factors of anemia among patients with cancer in Sub Saharan Africa, systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gedfew Mihretie , Getie Addisu , Akalu Tadesse Yirga , Ayenew Temesgen , Amlak Baye Tsegaye
Published: February 2024

Background
Anemia is a condition that develops when there is no sufficient healthy red blood cell, which is characterized either by a reduction in hemoglobin, red blood cells or hematocrit count below normal levels. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia in Sub Saharan Africa.
Methods
A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journals Online and Google Scholar was conducted. Cochrane I2 statistics and Eggers test with funnel plot were done to check heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively.
Results
In this review, 33 studies with 11652 study participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence of anemia among patients with cancer in Sub Saharan Africa was 33.874% (33.176, 34.573). The subgroup analysis by publication year revealed that the prevalence of anemia was highest among studies conducted before 2020 (48.407(29.658, 67.155)). Similarly, sub-group analysis by country revealed that the prevalence of anemia was highest in Uganda (89.927(87.0, 92.851)). Presence of metastasis (OR: 4.683 (95%CI, 1.57, 13.961)), 0.027), advanced stage of cancer (OR: 4.743 (95%CI; 1.1, 20.7)), 0.038, being under weight (OR: 2.392 (95%CI, 1.396, 4.098), 0.04) and poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (OR: 1.818 (95% CI, 6.1-54.237), 0.03) were significantly associated with anemia.
Conclusion
The pooled prevalence of anemia among patients with cancer was high. Moreover, advanced stage of cancer, presence of metastasis, being under weight and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance status were the most common risk factors.
Physics-constrained machine learning for electrodynamics without gauge ambiguity based on Fourier transformed Maxwell's equations
Authors: Leon Christopher , Scheinker Alexander
Published: February 2024

We utilize a Fourier transformation-based representation of Maxwell's equations to develop physics-constrained neural networks (PCNN) for electrodynamics without gauge ambiguity, which we label the Fourier-Helmholtz-Maxwell Neural Operator (FoHM-NO) method. In this approach, both of Gauss's laws and Faraday's law are built in as hard constraints, as well as the longitudinal component of Ampère-Maxwell in Fourier space, assuming the continuity equation. An encoder-decoder network acts as a solution operator for the transverse components of the Fourier transformed vector potential, A⟂,z(k,t), whose two degrees of freedom are used to predict the electromagnetic fields. This method was tested on two electron beam simulations. Among the models investigated, it was found that a U-Net architecture exhibited the best performance as it trained quicker, was more accurate and generalized better than the other architectures examined. We demonstrate that our approach is useful for solving Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields generated by intense relativistic charged particle beams and that it generalizes well to unseen test data, while being orders of magnitude quicker than conventional simulations. We show that the model can be re-trained to make highly accurate predictions in as few as 20 epochs on a previously unseen data set.
Implications of predator species richness in terms of zoonotic spillover transmission of filovirus diseases in Africa
Authors: Chang Taehee , Cho Sung-il , Min Kyung-Duk
Published: February 2024

Background Filovirus disease is a highly pathogenic zoonosis of humans caused by the viral genera Ebolavirusand Marburgvirus. A rich biodiversity of predators has been suggested to suppress the risk of zoonotic spillover by regulating prey abundance and behavior. However, the effects on bat-borne zoonoses remain to be investigated because the empirical findings are limited. Therefore, we evaluated the association between predator species richness and the spillover events of Ebolavirusand Marburgvirus in Africa.
Methods Historical records of filovirus outbreaks and ecological, geographical, and socioeconomic factors were considered in this environmental study. We utilized the maximum entropy approach (Maxent modeling) and stacked species distribution models to estimate predator species richness. Logistic regression analyses that considered spatiotemporal autocorrelations were conducted to assess the association between predator species richness and spillover risks after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
Results Higher species richness of certain predators (order Strigiformes and family Colubridae) were associated with lower risks of Ebolavirus spillover. In a model considering spatiotemporal autocorrelations, the third quartile (OR = 0.02, 95% CI 0.00–0.84) and fourth quartile (OR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.00–0.42) of Strigiformes species richness, the third quartile (OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.01–0.73) and fourth quartile(OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.03–0.85) of Colubridae species richness evidenced significantly lower risks of Ebolavirus index cases. We found no significant association between predator species richness and Marburgvirus spillover.
Conclusions The findings support a possible effect of predator species richness on spillover suppression. The concept of conservation epidemiology should be further developed to identify sustainable measures that maintain the environment and prevent zoonotic spillover.
Who holds the reins? Context-dependent resource allocation in the mutualism between fig trees and their fig wasp pollinators
Authors: Kulkarni Manasa , Naik Nehal Vijay , Borges Renee M
Published: February 2024

Mutualisms are consumer–resource interactions, in which goods and services are exchanged. Biological market theory states that exchanges should be regulated by both partners. However, most studies on mutualisms are one-sided, focusing on the control exercised by host organisms on their symbionts. In the brood-site pollination mutualism between fig trees and their symbiont wasp pollinators, galled flowers are development sites for pollinator larvae and are exchanged for pollination services. We determined if pollinator galls influenced resource allocation to fig inflorescences called syconia and considered feedbacks. We experimentally produced syconia containing only seeds (S), pollinator galls (G) or both seeds and galls (SG) with varying number of introduced female pollinator wasps. Biomass allocation to syconia was affected by foundress numbers and treatment groups; the SG treatment received highest biomass allocation at low foundress numbers, and both G and SG treatments at high foundress numbers. Most allocation in the G and SG treatment was to the syconium wall, likely as protection from parasitoids and temperature/humidity fluctuations. Seeds might be important determinants of allocation at low foundress numbers; galls are likely more influential at high foundress numbers. Dry mass of individual seeds and wasps (except at low foundress numbers) was unchanged between treatment groups, indicating seeds and wasps regulate resource flow into them, with lower flow into the galls containing the smaller males compared to females commensurate with sexual dimorphism. Our work demonstrates the importance of considering the direct role of symbionts in accessing resources and thus in controlling exchanges within a mutualism.
Factors determining maximal oxygen uptake in prepubertal children: a Systematic Review and Meta- analysis Maximal oxygen uptake in prepubertal children
Authors: Jurov Iva , Demšar Jure
Published: February 2024

In prepubertal children, cardiorespiratory fitness values have not yet been determined based on measured values. The purpose of this analysis is to present cardiorespiratory fitness in prepubertal boys and girls and to determine if there are any differences based on sex, measurement tool or if maximal or peak oxygen consumption metrics are used. PRISMA guidelines were followed. For statistical analysis, multilevel models grounded in Bayesian principles were used. Selected studies obtained: maximal effort during the test, peak or maximal oxygen consumption values, boys and girls (sex specific groups only) age under 11, cycle ergometry or treadmill, pre-intervention or no intervention data. In boys using cycle ergometry, 118 study samples were included in the analysis, in boys using treadmill 115, in girls using cycle ergometry 83 and in girls using treadmill testing 95 study entries were included. As children get older, their CRF increases (P ≈ 100%). Studies with participants having smaller body mass have higher relative V̇O2 values (P ≈ 100%). Boys have higher V̇O2 values than girls (P ≈ 100%). Studies using treadmill reported higher values than those using cycle ergometer (P ≈ 100%). Regarding the influence of measurement method (max vs. peak) on V̇O2 values we did not find significant differences. In conclusion, we present reference values for aerobic power in prepubertal boys and girls using cycle ergometry or treadmill. Prepubertal boys have higher aerobic power than girls and using treadmill testing might be a preferred method to cycle ergometry, especially in older children. Maximal or peak oxygen consumption metrics might be used interchangeably in prepubertal children.
DSA-guided Pyloric Balloon Dilation versus Conservative Medical Treatment for Postsurgical Gastroparesis Syndrome
Authors: weiping Guo , qi Wang , wenhua Chen
Published: February 2024

Background To compare the clinical efficacy of DSA-guided pyloric balloon dilation with that of conservative medical treatment for postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS).
Methods The clinical data of 41 patients with PGS, who received DSA-guided pyloric balloon dilation (study group, n=21) or conservative medical treatment(control group, n=20) between January 2012 and February 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up period in the study group and the control group was 588 days and 626 days respectively. The average length of stay (ALOS) was compared between the two groups.
Results In the study group, all the 21 patients returned to normal food intake within 2 days after successful DSA-guided pyloric balloon dilationtreatment, and they were all discharged within one week after treatment. The ALOS in the study group was (10.2±1.3) days, which was strikingly shorter than (34.5±14.2) days in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001).
Conclusions For the treatment of PGS, DSA-guided pyloric balloon dilation carries better clinical efficacy when compared with conservative medical treatment. Therefore, it can be used as the preferred treatment for patients with PGS. Further studies are need to be conducted to clarify the therapeutic mechanism.
Patterns of acute hospital and specialist palliative care use among people with non-curative upper gastrointestinal cancer.
Authors: Boland Elaine G , Tay Khek Tjian , Khamis Assem , Murtagh Fliss EM
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers contribute to 16.7% of United Kingdom cancer deaths. These patients make high use of acute hospital services, but detail about palliative care use is lacking. We aimed to determine the patterns of use of acute hospital and hospital specialist palliative care services in patients with advanced non-curative upper GI cancer.
Methods: We conducted a service evaluation of hospital use and palliative care for all patients with non-curative upper GI cancer seen in one large hospital, using routinely-collected data (2019-2022). We report and characterise hospital admissions and palliative care within the study time period, using descriptive statistics, and multivariable Poisson regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted incidence rate ratio of hospital admissions.
Results: The total with non-curative upper GI cancer was 960. 86.7% had at least one hospital admission, with 1,239 admissions in total. Patients had a higher risk of admission to hospital if: aged ≤65 (IRR for 66-75yrs 0.71, IRR 76-85yrs 0.68; IRR >85yrs 0.53; p<0.05), or lived in a deprived area (IMD Deciles 1-5) (IRR 0.90; p<0.05) Over the four-year period, the rate of re-admission was higher in patients not referred to palliative care (rate 0.52 readmissions/patient versus rate 1.47 readmissions/patient).
Conclusion: People with advanced non-curative gastrointestinal cancer have frequent hospital admissions, especially if younger or from more deprived areas, but specialist palliative care can mitigate this. This evidence continues to support early and more frequent referral to specialist palliative care.
Utilization of Bamboo Biochar as a Multi-Functional Filler of Flexible Poly(L-lactide)-b-Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-Poly(L-lactide) Bioplastic
Authors: Sriha Prasong , Pakkethati Kansiri , Srisu Yaowalak , Phromsopha Theeraphol , Manphae Apirada , Phinyocheep Pranee , Yamaguchi Masayuki , baimark yodthong
Published: February 2024

Biodegradable poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) triblock copolymer could potentially be used in bioplastic applications because it is more flexible than PLLA. However, investigations into modifying PLLA-PEG-PLLA with effective fillers are still required. In this work, bamboo biochar (BC) was used as an eco-friendly and cost-effective filler for the flexible PLLA-PEG-PLLA. The influences of BC addition on crystallization properties, thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of the PLLA-PEG-PLLA were explored and compared to those of the PLLA. The PLLA-PEG-PLLA matrix and BC filler were found to have strong interfacial adhesion and good phase compatibility, while the PLLA/BC composites displayed weak interfacial adhesion and poor phase compatibility. For the PLLA-PEG-PLLA, the addition of BC induced a nucleation effect that was characterized by a decrease in the cold crystallization temperature and an increase in the crystallinity; however, this effect was not observed for the PLLA. When compared to pure PLLA-PEG-PLLA, the PLLA-PEG-PLLA/BC composites displayed greater thermal stability, tensile stress, and Young’s modulus. Based on the findings, the crystallizability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the flexible PLLA-PEG-PLLA bioplastic were all enhanced by the use of BC as a multi-functional filler.
Assessing the efficiency of the technological innovation ecosystem in China
Authors: Bingyang Zhou , Jiahui Gao , Yongfeng Zhu , Zhiwen Zhang , Zilong Wang
Published: February 2024

Technological innovation has emerged as a vital strategic resource in recent years in the context of global economic and technological competition. This study adopts an innovation systems approach to assess the efficiency of technological innovation in China from 2011 to 2021 by using the network DEA-based model of efficiency. The results show that the overall average efficiency in the region exhibited a modest upward trend, with notably significant increases observed in Beijing, Heilongjiang, and Shaanxi. The average efficiency of commercialization of R&D in the 30 provinces of China ranged from 0.68 to 0.81 from 2011 to 2021, and improved in the provinces of Jilin, Qinghai, Jiangxi, Inner Mongolia, Hainan, Tianjin, Xinjiang, and Zhejiang. The average efficiency of resource backflow had a W-shaped trend. Beijing was consistently efficient in resource backflow throughout the study period according to the DEA. On the contrary, the efficiency of resource backflow in Liaoning, Chongqing, and Xinjiang was relatively low.
Particle Filter Data Assimilation with Chaotic Two-dimensional Three-state Cellular Automata
Authors: Furukawa Ken , Sakamoto Hideyuki , Ohhigashi Marimo , Shima Shin-ichiro , Sluka Travis , Miyoshi Takemasa
Published: February 2024

Estimating the states of chaotic cellular automata (CA) based on noisy imperfect data is challenging due to the nonlinearity and discreteness of the dynamical system.This paper proposes particle filter (PF)-based data assimilation (DA) for three-state chaotic CA and demonstrates that the PF-based DA can predict the present and future state even with noisy and sparse observations.The chaotic CA used in the present study comprised a competitive system of $land$, $grass$, and $sheep$.To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first application of DA to chaotic CA.The performance of DA for different observation sets was evaluated in terms of observational error, density, and frequency, and a series of sensitivity tests of the internal parameters in the DA was conducted.The inflation and localization parameters were tuned according to the sensitivity tests.
Habitat prevails over host sex in influencing mycobiome structure of terrestrial isopod, Armadillidium vulgare
Authors: Yang Jiho , Cha Yehyeon , Oh Seung-Yoon
Published: February 2024

The terrestrial isopod, a crustacean order that has successfully transitioned from aquatic to land ecosystem, functions as a soil bioengineer and plays a crucial role in ecological decomposition. While there has been comprehensive documentation of bacterial associations with isopods, suggesting their contribution to digestive processes, the fungal component of isopods remains a less-explored dimension. Expanding our fundamental exploration into terrestrial isopods, we investigated whether the fungal community in Armadillidium vulgare is more significantly influenced by host sex or habitat using high-throughput sequencing-based internal transcribed spacer region amplification. Our findings revealed that the isopod mycobiome structure and taxonomic composition are predominantly shaped by the host's habitat rather than its sex. While the fungal richness of the mycobiome varied based on isopod sex, the co-occurrence network exhibited distinct variations dependent on both habitat and host sex. Finally, we observed a complete overlap of core mycobiomes based on isopod sex and identified fungal residents that are consistently distributed in a manner specific to either the habitat or host sex. In conclusion, we assert that community assembly of the isopod mycobiome in an untouched ecosystem is more significantly influenced by location than sex. We contend that this offers a fundamental groundwork, laying the cornerstone for future investigations into terrestrial isopods — pivotal agents in ecological decomposition within ecosystems.
Foliar application of biostimulants and silicon enhances yield and fruit quality of ‘Page’ mandarin via altering physiochemical properties
Authors: ValizadehKaji Babak , Mohammaei Mohsen
Published: February 2024

Background: In the present research, the effects of foliar application of seaweed extract, fulvic acid, and potassium silicate on leaf mineral contents, chlorophyll content, fruit yield, and quality, as well as physiochemical attributes of ‘Page’ mandarin fruits were evaluated.
Results: Leaves of trees fed with seaweed extract, fulvic acid, and potassium silicate accumulated greater concentrations of N (15.09–22.16%), P (20–120%), K (17.02–46.80%), Ca (1.69–32.76%), Mg (26.31–84.21%), Zn (199.87–261.76%), Mn (79.92–139.04%), and Fe (59.12–148.65%) than those unfed. Mandarin trees fed with the nutrient solutions, especially seaweed extract, had higher chlorophyll a (10.61–29.20%) and total chlorophyll (8.75–24.37%) contents. Applying the nutrient solutions, especially seaweed extract, increased yield (23.86–48.87%), fruit juice (7.86–16.35%), and firmness (3.47–19.58%), but reduced the pulp (23.16–39.64%) of fruits. Moreover, fruits of mandarin trees fed with the nutrient solutions and especially seaweed extract showed a greater level of total soluble solids (TSS) (26.03–41.58%), total soluble solids/titratable acidity (TSS/TA) (16.99–32.70%), color index L* (5.68–10.88%), color index a* (54.07–100.90%) and color index b* (30.02–58.80%), vitamin C (41.04–84.84%), total phenol (26.76–64.78%), carotenoid (130.76–167.92%), antioxidant activity (3.56–12.87%), as well as the activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) (12.03–44.39%) and catalase (CAT) (26.92–53.84%), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (77.81–103.34%), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (11.32–38.36%) enzymes.
Conclusion: The study findings evidenced that foliar application of seaweed extract, fulvic acid, and potassium silicate has a high potential for improving fruit yield and quality of mandarin.
Assessment of bone tissue cytoarchitectonics by 2D 1 H NMR relaxometry maps
Authors: Orban Emese , Pap Zsuzsanna , Sipos Remus Sebastian , Fechete Radu
Published: February 2024

Introduction.
Bone is a complex tissue that fulfils the role of a resistance structure. This quality is most commonly assessed by bone densitometry, but bone strength may not only be related to bone mineral density but also to the preservation of bone cytoarchitectonics.
Material and methods.
The study included two groups of rats, ovarectomized and non-ovarectomized. Each group was divided into three batches: control, simvastatin-treated and fenofibrate-treated. In the ovarectomized group, hypolipidemic treatment was instituted at 12 weeks post ovarectomy. One rat from each of the 6 batches was sacrificed 8 weeks after the start of treatment in the group. The experimental study was performed using a Bruker Minispec mq 20 spectrometer operating at a frequency of 20 MHz, subsequently also performed by 1H T2-T2 molecular exchange maps.
Results.
The results were represented by T2-T2 molecular exchange maps that showed, comparatively, both pore size and their interconnectivity at the level of the posterior femoral epiphysis, being able to evaluate both the effect of estrogen on bone tissue biology and the effect of the lipid-lowering medication simvastatin and fenofibrate both in the presence and absence of estrogen.
Conclusion.
T 2-T2 molecular exchange maps showed that the absence of estrogen results in an increase in bone tissue pore size and interconnectivity. In the presence of estrogen, lipid-lowering medication, both simvastatin and fenofibrate alter bone tissue cytoarchitectonics by reducing pore interconnectivity. In the absence of estrogen, fenofibrate improves bone tissue cytoarchitectonics, the T2-T2 molecular exchange map being similar to that of non-osteoporotic bone tissue.
Experiences of immune-related skin toxicity: a qualitative study among patients with cancer
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Lu Ruiqi , Li Xingwen , Liu Suting , Luo Yuanyuan , Wang Ziqi , Zhao Yang , Zhang Lili
Published: February 2024

Background
Immunotherapy has changed the outlook for cancer treatment. A closer look at the accompanying symptoms from the patient’s perspective is necessary to improve their tolerance to treatment and is the basis for standardized symptom management.
Objective
To describe the symptomatic experience of skin toxicity in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy.
Design:
Qualitative interviews on symptom experiences were conducted from the perspective of cancer patients receiving immunotherapy.
Methods
A purposive sample of 18 patients with immune-related cutaneous adverse events participated in this semi-structured interview. Transcripts were entered into NVivo 11.0. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the data for significant statements and phrases, which were organized into themes and subthemes.
Results
Three main themes were identified in the data: (I) management of skin toxicity in patients; (II) patients’ experience of skin toxicity; and (III) problems that skin toxicity poses for patients and the support they would like to receive.
Conclusions
The result enables nurses to better understand and empathize with the patient’s experience, to truly practice the essence of patient-centered care, and provide a basis for the development of standardized symptom management programs in the future.
Quantifying Water Footprint: A Study on the Academic and Administrative Personnel at Konya Technical University
Authors: MESUTOĞLU Özgül ÇİMEN
Published: February 2024

This study endeavours to quantify the water footprint of academic and administrative personnel at Konya Technical University. Water footprint assessment, a critical metric for evaluating human impact on water resources, is increasingly recognized as a vital aspect of sustainable resource management. The research involves surveying participants on their water consumption habits, particularly focusing on preferences related to food and sugar intake. Preliminary findings indicate diverse responses in terms of food preference, with a majority favouring low intake. Likewise, the survey reveals varying patterns in sugar and sweets consumption, shedding light on the frequency and extent of such practices. By systematically analysing the water footprint within the university community, this study contributes to a broader understanding of water resource utilization and offers insights for sustainable practices in academic and administrative settings. The study aimed to determine the water footprint of the campus in relation to personal consumption behaviours by asking the questions in the "Water Footprint Network (WFN)" to a total of 476 people at the campus, including both the academic and administrative staff. According to the WFN, the average water footprint of the staff was determined as 1694 m3/year.