bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Croissance vers l’idéal et discernement ecclésial
Authors: de Longeaux Jacques
Published: June 2017

L’exhortation apostolique Amoris Laetitia a surpris car le pape François a choisi de déplacer les questions relatives au mariage et à la famille du terrain de la règle à celui des personnes, comprises dans leurs conditions concrètes d’existence et dans la dynamique de l’appel évangélique. Le pape reconnaît que la présentation du mariage aux fidèles a parfois souffert d’une « idéalisation excessive ». En même temps, il affirme que l’Église ne peut pas renoncer à annoncer et à vivre « l’idéal du mariage chrétien ». La tension apparente entre ces deux termes permet de dégager des principes généraux de discernement ecclésial sur l’approche pastorale des réalités diverses et complexes de la vie conjugale et familiale.
Conscience et discernement selon Amoris Laetitia : consentir à la grâce jusque dans nos limites
Authors: Bordeyne Philippe
Published: June 2017

Le chapitre 8 d’ Amoris Laetitia promeut un discernement personnel et pastoral pour les personnes vivant dans une seconde union stable après divorce. Cette proposition repose sur une anthropologie morale qui s’éclaire à la lumière des sources philosophiques et théologiques du pape François (Paul Ricœur et Romano Guardini). Elles lui permettent de penser l’action de la grâce dans les limites humaines et d’appeler les fidèles à y consentir avec foi. En tant que puissance et disposition morale, la conscience habilite les baptisés à poser un discernement sur le bien possible et sur les vertus, conformément à la tradition catholique. Lorsque la privation de l’eucharistie menace gravement un état de grâce pourtant avéré, l’aide des sacrements peut être envisagée au cas par cas, avec discrétion.
L’entreprise au défi de l’écologie intégrale
Authors: Renouard Cécile
Published: June 2017

Comment les acteurs économiques peuvent-ils / doivent-ils contribuer à la réalisation des objectifs fixés par la communauté internationale lors de l’accord de Paris de 2015 ? La thèse ici défendue concerne le potentiel critique et transformateur apporté par la notion d’écologie intégrale, promue par le pape François dans l’encyclique Laudato Si’ . Après avoir exposé le caractère central de la relationalité dans le projet de l’écologie intégrale, sont détaillées quatre implications pour les entreprises, en termes de conscience (réflexion sur les fins), de choix critiques, de créativité (au service du lien social et écologique) et de capacités (outils d’évaluation fondés sur une création de valeur relationnelle).
Constitution, économie et efficacité
Authors: Marciano Alain
Published: June 2017

L’objet de cette contribution est de discuter la manière dont l’analyse économique du droit a traité la question de l’efficacité du droit en lien avec les constitutions. Plus précisément, il s’agit de montrer que la question de l’efficacité des constitutions – en tant que système juridique – a été peu étudiée. C’est surtout en tant que système politique que les constitutions ont été étudiées. C’est ce point que nous discutons en premier. Nous montrons ensuite que les conclusions que les économistes du droit relativement à l’efficacité des constitutions et des systèmes juridiques ne sont pas très conclusives. Même si, d’un point de vue théorique, certains régimes politiques et certains régimes juridiques semblent plus efficaces que d’autres, d’un point de vue empirique, c’est loin d’être le cas.
La dénomination de Constitution. Indétermination et performativité d’un acte du langage constitutionnel
Authors: Mvogo Belibi Richard Martial
Published: June 2017

Le tournant pragmatique de la philosophie du langage correspond au retour de l’acteur au centre de la théorie du droit. L’acquis majeur de ce retour c’est d’accorder les juristes sur une question qui a divisé les anciens. Il est désormais possible de dépasser, par le biais d’une théorie institutionnelle de la signification, appréhendant le droit comme action, à la fois l’idée cognitiviste d’une constitutionnalité naturelle, et le nihilisme néoréaliste d’une constitutionnalité artificielle. Car, il n’y a qu’un langage, des formes verbales, que le système considère, selon le contexte, comme faits normatifs. Notre étude sur la dénomination de Constitution montre comment un élément rhétorique peut quitter les marges pour s’incorporer dans le discours proprement normatif. Une telle transition n’est ni le produit d’une formalisation objective, ni la résultante d’un volontarisme subjectif. C’est la forme institutionnelle d’une émanation du milieu discursif du droit. La performativité de la dénomination de Constitution n’est pas naturelle, non plus subjective. Le signifié résulte de signifiants qui se situent à de multiples instants d’une communication systémique, intersubjective, interactive.
Re-commencer Vacarme
Authors: Bishop William T. , Casanova Vincent , Celse Michel , Chémery Valentin , Doppelt Suzanne , Dupart Dominique , Gallienne Emmanuelle , Grelet Stany , Guillibert Paul , Lalande Aude , Lary Marion , Laurichesse Floriane , Mangeot Philippe , Peclers Carole , Ponticelli Adèle , de La Porte Xavier , Potte-Bonneville Mathieu , Potte-Bonneville Laurence , Rabau Sophie , Zilberfarb Sacha , Tijou Brigitte , Van Renterghem Vanessa , Vaugelade Anaïs , Vermeersch Laure , Wahnich Sophie , Wajeman Lise , Zaoui Pierre
Published: June 2017

Résumé Vacarme a commencé il y a vingt ans. Nous sommes vingt ans après, et « nous » est déjà parti de Vacarme ou vient d’arriver, « nous » est revenu, ou est toujours là, tout le temps, ou parfois, de loin. D’une manière ou d’une autre nous avons tou-tes commencé Vacarme, et le recommençons à chaque numéro. Il n’empêche, il y a eu un vrai début.
No Direction Home
Authors: Shatz Adam , Bickhardt Marius , Jalouali Ramzi , Leduc Matthias , Mayoux Sophie
Published: June 2017

Résumé Nomade, Frantz Fanon, l’a été dans une vie itinérante qui imbriquait sa pratique médicale de psychiatre, une carrière d’écrivain et de critique théorique, sans oublier son engagement dans les luttes anti-racistes et de libération nationale. Cet éclectisme, creuset de son originalité, est la source de malentendus et de confusions que l’article d’Adam Shatz s’emploie à lever.
Points noirs sur fond rouge / 4
Authors: Alexakis Dimitris
Published: June 2017

Résumé Chronique / Les baricades misterieuses
Trois éclats de trompette ou le son d’un vacarme
Authors: Laurichesse Floriane , Rabau Sophie
Published: June 2017

Résumé Avant-propos
Commencer, histoire de révolution
Authors: Wahnich Sophie
Published: June 2017

Résumé Une convergence heureuse
« Le moment est précieux »
Authors: Cohen Déborah
Published: June 2017

Résumé Se lancer
Appeleurs de mémoire
Authors: Vermeersch Laure
Published: June 2017

Résumé La caméra dans le couloir
Ça a déjà commencé…
Authors: Chottin Ariane
Published: June 2017

Résumé Débuts d’analyse à plusieurs voix
Comment commencer un cours
Authors: von Schenck Véronika
Published: June 2017

Résumé Heidegger
Proposition d’une etude psychanalytique du capital humain : le cas d’un centre de formation aux metiers commerciaux
Authors: Renon François
Published: June 2017

La théorie du capital humain considère que l’Homme dispose de compétences et de connaissances, sources de création de valeur et de performance pour les organisations. Un collaborateur peut librement proposer l’ensemble de ses qualités, de ses savoir-faire et de ses savoir-être à son entreprise, ou au contraire choisir de garder cette richesse humaine enfouie en lui. Les démarches d’autonomisation, de confiance, d’autonomie et de reconnaissance au travail permettent de mieux appréhender la problématique de l’engagement dans l’organisation. Cependant peu de recherches sur le sujet se sont intéressées à la place de la subjectivité, dans le choix d’un individu de s’engager ou non dans son travail. Cet article se propose d’ouvrir des pistes de réflexion sur les dynamiques inconscientes à l’œuvre, dans la thématique de l’engagement. Cette recherche d’orientation constructiviste par nature s’appuiera particulièrement sur la théorie psychanalytique. Les principaux résultats de cette recherche exploratoire mettent en évidence le rôle de l’idéologie organisationnelle et des dynamiques narcissiques à l’œuvre, dans le processus d’engagement au travail.
Retour sur la notion de capital humain individuel des jeunes à travers l’investissement en formation initiale et l’insertion professionnelle en France
Authors: Goujon Belghit Anne , Bourgain Marina , Gilson Adeline
Published: June 2017

Dans un contexte spécifique de crise économique prolongée, de difficultés d’accès à l’emploi des jeunes et ce malgré l’injonction de professionnalisation de l’enseignement supérieur, notre contribution revisite la notion de capital humain à travers l’exploration de certains liens entre investissement en formation initiale et l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes en France aujourd'hui. La pertinence de la théorie du capital humain est remise en question par l’approche de la sélection. Notre contribution à ce débat porte notamment sur l’impact de l’obtention (ou non) du diplôme sur l’insertion professionnelle, l’accès à une fonction managériale ou à un statut cadre dans les trois années suivant ladite formation. Nos résultats montrent notamment que, pour les niveaux inférieurs au bac, l’obtention du diplôme ainsi que l’origine sociale sont des facteurs clivant de l’insertion. Des formations plus longues et reconnues sont mieux valorisée sur le marché de l'emploi, quelle que soit l’origine sociale ou l’obtention du diplôme. Néanmoins, le taux d’insertion ne progresse pas linéairement avec le nombre d’années d’études : le bachelier général de 2010 est moins bien inséré en 2013 qu'un sortant de formation professionnelle CAP/BEP, voire qu’un bachelier professionnel.
Un rôle prépondérant pour la Banque Centrale dans un contexte international, le renouveau de l’Hypothèse d’Instabilité Financière de Minsky ?
Authors: Cuénoud Thibault
Published: June 2017

L’approche de Minsky, dans un cadre international « pays développé et pays émergent », offre un nouveau regard sur son Hypothèse d’Instabilité Financière (1974). Les investisseurs vont s’endetter à court terme dans le pays développé (taux d’intérêt plus faibles) et investir à moyen terme dans le pays émergent (maximisation des profits). Dans le prolongement des structuralistes postkeynésiens, on intègre la Banque Centrale qui peut interagir de façon endogène sur la demande de monnaie. La Banque Centrale n’a plus les moyens de déterminer la quantité de monnaie (libéralisation du marché des devises et innovations financières). Elle peut uniquement orienter le degré de préférence pour la liquidité. Ainsi, elle influence les anticipations au regard de son statut « d’agence de notation spécifique », et « de prêteur en dernier ressort » qui donne du poids à ses décisions. La variation à la hausse du taux d’intérêt s’explique par son rôle d’agent économique influençant la sphère réelle. Ses difficultés à réguler l’instabilité financière, notamment lors de la récente crise financière de 2007-2008, conforte cependant l’endogénéité de la masse monétaire alors que la base monétaire reste exogène.
Contexto arquitectónico y desarrollo tecnológico del Cine Monumental de Teodoro Anasagasti
Authors: Lavilla A. , Martín Gómez C. , Pozo J. M.
Published: June 2017

La superación de la crisis que caracterizó la economía española en los años veinte permitió que pudiesen construirse más edificios y que fuese posible seguir los conceptos de las corrientes modernas europeas. Los cines fueron uno de los géneros más dados a ese intento de modernidad. Existen pocos ejemplos de verdadera calidad arquitectónica, y la mayoría de ellos se edificaron en las grandes ciudades, como Madrid y Barcelona. Y es en este contexto donde cobra todo sentido rescatar del pasado una de las grandes obras construidas en aquellos años: el Cine Monumental de Teodoro de Anasagasti, aportando datos arquitectónicos y tecnológicos adicionales a la historiografía existente.
Cúpulas de barro, de piedra y de barro y piedra en las construcciones auxiliares de la arquitectura popular del centro de Castilla y León
Authors: Abril Revuelta O. , Lasheras Merino F.
Published: June 2017

En el centro de Castilla y León todavía existen algunos ejemplos de antiguas construcciones rurales vinculadas a las actividades económicas del mundo agrario. Conocidas como chozos y casetas, se cubrieron con soluciones cupuliformes empleándose los materiales que más a mano se tenían, siendo el barro y la piedra los más comunes. Las técnicas constructivas tradicionales en ambos elementos generaron un abanico tipológico singular, poco común en el resto de la península y digno de estudio. Gracias a un extenso trabajo de campo se han identificado, inventariado y clasificado una amplia variedad de tipos constructivos cupuliformes, que se han contrastado con fuentes documentales, ampliando significativamente la información publicada que se tenía de ellas, especialmente de su variedad y proceso constructivo. Esta investigación pretende proporcionar herramientas para valorar y recuperar un conocimiento constructivo que ya está olvidado, resaltando su riqueza arquitectónica, para fomentar su conservación e incluso la recuperación en algunos casos.
Journal of Limnology: of ancestors and descendants
Authors: Bertoni Roberto
Published: June 2017

In spite of the title, this is not the beginning of a long and boring family saga. I simply need to take a few minutes of your time to explain the history of this journal:  where it is coming from, why it is changing and where it is going...
Jerome’s letter 108 to Eustochium: Contemporary biography in service of ascetic ideology?
Authors: Lamprecht Johanna C.
Published: June 2017

Epistula (Letter) 108, one of the longest of Jerome’s letters, was written in 404 AD to console Eustochium for the loss of her mother Paula. Scholars have referred to this letter as a lengthy epitaphium with hagiographic features, a eulogistic tribute, a biographical eulogy of Paula, a laudatio funebris, a travelogue, a memoir, a metaphorical account of Paula’s pilgrimage through life, a piece of ascetic propaganda and a textual basis for a Bethlehem-centred cult of Paula the ascetic martyr-saint. The aim of this article is to analyse and comment on Jerome’s letter as an example of the genre of Graeco-Roman biography, containing various features of ancient βίοι. While Jerome cast the letter ostensibly as a consolatio for Eustochium, it turned out to be a commemoration of Paula, his patron, devoted disciple and monastic companion. The article will ultimately investigate whether this letter was written to sub-serve a higher motive of Jerome, the chief architect of 4th-century asceticism.
Elderly suicide in Korean literature: A reflection on short- and medium-length novels
Authors: Mun Yeong Sik
Published: June 2017

This article attempts to examine how elderly suicide is viewed in Korean novels, against the background that suicide rates are higher among older people in Korean society. Firstly, elderly suicide is caused by loneliness and alienation in some novels. Writers foreground some problems that people, especially elderly people, need to address. For example, not only people with negative personality traits but also people with positive personality traits can commit suicide when they cannot overcome disappointing words from their children; suicide is a greedy act if it is committed because of loneliness and alienation; elderly people need to humbly accept their lives, even though loneliness and alienation are unavoidable. Secondly, Korean novels make it clear that elderly suicide is closely related to Korean modern history. Old people experienced psychological trauma as they underwent the Korean War in the 1950s, the military dictatorship in the 1980s and the IMF crisis in the 1990s. When obsessed with a sense of guilt, older people sometimes commit suicide in order to atone for their wrongdoings. Thirdly, elderly suicide is depicted in positive terms in a novel, while suicide is usually considered to be a negative act. An elderly couple with physical illness commits suicide out of love for each other in hopes of reincarnation. This suicide is viewed as resolving the conflict between their daughter and her husband. In examining perspectives on elderly suicide as depicted in Korean novels, this article sheds light on reasons why some elderly people live unsound lives and suggests some solutions.
Seroprevalence of Rhodococcus equi in horses in Israel
Authors: Tirosh-Levy Sharon , Gürbilek Sevil E. , Tel Osman Y. , Keskin Oktay , Steinman Amir
Published: June 2017

Rhodococcus equi is a common cause of pneumonia in foals and has extensive clinical, economic and possibly zoonotic consequences. This bacterium survives well in the environment and may be considered as normal flora of adult horses. Certain strains of this bacterium are extremely virulent in foals, and early identification and intervention is crucial for prognosis. Rhodococcus equi is endemic in many parts of the world and occasionally isolated in Israel. This study was designed to evaluate R. equi seroprevalence in adult horses in Israel to indirectly indicate the potential level of exposure of susceptible foals. Sera were collected from 144 horses during spring 2011 and from 293 horses during fall 2014, and the presence of antibodies against virulent R. equi was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Equine seroprevalence of R. equi was found to be 7.6% in 2011 and 5.1% in 2014. Only one farm had seropositive horses in 2011, whereas several farms had seropositive horses in 2014. No significant risk factors for seropositivity were found. Rhodococcus equi appears to be endemic in Israel. This is the first survey of R. equi in Israel that provides information on the epidemiology of this important bacterium.
Welkome Afrikaanse keur van Anna Enquist se poësie
Authors: Bonthuys Marni
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Dysphonia in adults with developmental stuttering: A descriptive study
Authors: Botha Anél , Ras Elizbé , Abdoola Shabnam , Van der Linde Jeannie
Published: June 2017

Background: Persons with stuttering (PWS) often present with other co-occurring conditions. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) proposes that it is important to understand the full burden of a health condition. A few studies have explored voice problems among PWS, and the characteristics of voices of PWS are relatively unknown. The importance of conducting future research has been emphasised.Objectives: This study aimed to describe the vocal characteristics of PWS.Method: Acoustic and perceptual data were collected during a comprehensive voice assessment. The severity of stuttering was also determined. Correlations between the stuttering severity instrument (SSI) and the acoustic measurements were evaluated to determine the significance. Twenty participants were tested for this study.Result: Only two participants (10%) obtained a positive Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) score of 1.6 or higher, indicating that no dysphonia was present, while 90% of participants (n = 18) scored lower than 1.6, indicating that those participants presented with dysphonia. Some participants presented with weakness (asthenia) of voice (35%), while 65% presented with a slightly strained voice quality. Moderately positive correlations between breathiness and SSI (r = 0.40, p = 0.08) have been reported. In addition, participants with high SSI scores also scored a poor DSI of below 1.6, as observed by a moderate positive correlation between SSI and DSI (r = 0.41).Conclusion: The majority of PWS presented with dysphonia, evident in the perceptual or acoustic parameters of their voices. These results can be used for further investigation to create awareness and to establish intervention strategies for voice disorders among PWS.
The use of mobile applications by public transport commuters in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Niemand Cornelius J.P. , Chauke Hlelo
Published: June 2017

Background: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has brought about a ‘singularity’ – that is ‘an event which changes things so fundamentally that there is absolutely no going back’. The aforesaid change may be attributed to the way that the modern consumer thinks, communicates and interacts with the environment. Because businesses need to adapt and offer new, innovative ways of products and service delivery, early technology adopters are more likely to experience favourable business outcomes, including increased revenue potential and a better market position in comparison to competitors.Objectives: The transport industry may be regarded as early adopters of new technology. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the perceived use and usefulness of mobile applications used within the public transport industry of South Africa.Method: This study adopted a positivist stance with a deductive research approach utilising the technology acceptance model theory as a departure point for the study. A mixed method research design was selected for this exploratory study, utilising a survey strategy comprising both closed and open-ended questions as a snapshot of the perceived usefulness of a mobile application within the South African public transport domain. A convenience sample of a hundred Gautrain commuters was selected.Main findings: Based on descriptive statistics, the main findings of this study indicate a positive relationship between the perceived ease of use and usefulness of the Gautrain Buddy application in the dissemination of Gautrain-specific information. Some of the results of the study have also been presented at an international conference [for the conference details, please refer to the reference list Niemand and Chauke (2016)].Conclusion: The sample of commuters forming part of the study indicates that mobile applications can be useful in the dissemination of public transport information in Gauteng, South Africa.
Resident and Preceptor Perceptions of Preceptor Integration Into Resident Clinic Scheduling Templates
Authors: Sobel Halle G. , Swigris Rachel , Chacko Karen M. , Landrey Alison , McNulty Monica , Vennard Kaitlyn , Nikels Susan Michelle , Suddarth Kathleen , Murphy Edward N. , Aagaard Eva
Published: June 2017

Background 

Some internal medicine residency programs on X+Y schedules have modified clinic preceptor schedules to mimic those of the resident cohort (resident matched). This is in contrast to a traditional model, in which preceptors supervise on the same half-day each week.

Objective 

We assessed preceptor and resident perceptions of the 2 precepting models.

Methods 

We surveyed 44 preceptors and 97 residents at 3 clinic sites in 2 academic medical centers. Two clinics used the resident-matched model, and 1 used a traditional model. Surveys were completed at 6 months and 1 year. We assessed resident and preceptor perceptions in 5 domains: relationships between residents and preceptors; preceptor familiarity with complex patients; preceptor ability to assess milestone achievements; ability to follow up on results; and quality of care.

Results 

There was no difference in perceptions of interpersonal relationships or satisfaction with patient care. Preceptors in the resident-matched schedule reported they were more familiar with complex patients at both 6 months and 1 year, and felt more comfortable evaluating residents' milestone achievements at 6 months, but not at 1 year. At 1 year, residents in the resident-matched model perceived preceptors were more familiar with complex patients than residents in the traditional model. The ability to discuss patient results between clinic weeks was low in both models.

Conclusions 

The resident-matched model increased resident and preceptor perceptions of familiarity with complex patients and early preceptor perceptions of comfort in assessment of milestone achievements.
Aurora Díaz Plaja (1913-2003)
Authors: Bru Sanchez Cristina
Published: June 2017

Reseña de la obra:

DÍAZ-PLAJA TABOADA, A. Aurora Díaz Plaja (1913-2003). Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya, Institució de les Lletres Catalanes, 2016.
Faculty perspectives on rewards and incentives for community-engaged work: A multinational exploratory study
Authors: Vuong Trang , Newcomb Rowe Amy , Hoyt Lorlene , Carrier Carol
Published: June 2017

Universities around the world are grappling with the challenge of how to best recognise and support community-engaged teaching, research and scholarship. The status quo reveals two major problems: many faculty members express the sentiment that such work is often discounted, and there is a dearth of available information on faculty perspectives at non-US, especially non-Western, institutions. Understanding faculty needs and perceptions may help institutions improve reward systems and community research and engagement. Also, filling the information gap between the Global North and Global South may help policy-makers and educators make higher education more civically engaged and socially responsible. As a global coalition of universities moving beyond the ivory tower, the Talloires Network (TN) is uniquely positioned to provide support for and conduct research on community-engaged work. To better understand engaged faculty attitudes about rewards and incentives, TN launched a pilot survey involving 14 institutions in 11 countries. All of these institutions are members of TN, an international association of 368 institutions in 77 countries committed to strengthening civic engagement. Thirty-eight respondents were chosen based on diverse recruiting requirements. This exploratory study highlights some common opinions about what kind of faculty work is encouraged; whether institutional policies regarding engaged work exist; and how community-engaged work is perceived by colleagues. More importantly, this study contributes to the design and administration of larger surveys on community-engaged work.
University vinculación: A two-way strategy for sustainable development and academic relevance
Authors: Hernández Arámburo Rebeca , Cruz González Héctor , Ceja Rivas Alicia
Published: June 2017

The public university of the twenty-first century is faced with numerous pressing issues, but none greater than the need to promote social transformation through sustainable development. The authors of this article understand sustainable development as that which brings us closer to a comprehensive social order in which humanity has the challenge of viewing reality in all its complexity, but acting simply in order to solve the socio-environmental problems we suffer. In this article, we ask the following questions: What is the university’s role within complex social structures? How can it produce a vinculación, or two-way interaction, between university and the wider environment that contributes towards sustainable development? Put most simply, where does the university fit in? This article discusses the project of the Universidad Veracruzana: that is, the establishment of a university-wide vinculación or strategic process for attending to society’s needs and problems, via the deliberate inclusion of formal processes into the university’s substantive functions of teaching, research, outreach and cultural diffusion. Furthermore, these processes include feedback mechanisms that impact on the university’s work.Over many years of engagement, the Universidad Veracruzana has built a very particular vision of the way in which a process can be organized in order to respond to the challenge of social transformation. The subsequent systematization of this experience has led to the development of the University Social Action Model, which is a strategy to clarify the social commitment of the university based on four levels of support: altruism, assistance, advice, and the promotion of self-management for social transformation. This article provides detail on how the model works in practice, as evidenced by the award-winning work of the University Brigades and Casas UV. The ultimate goal of this model is to help shift the role of the university from that of an autocratic leader to a companion for the creation of possibilities for social development. In the end, that is the answer to the question: where does the university fit in?
Inculcating health awareness in Karachi, Pakistan: How innovative, socially acceptable methods can help combat communicable diseases of poverty
Authors: Huda Maryam , Rabbani Unaib , Rabbani Fauziah
Published: June 2017

In the megacity of Karachi, which has a population of more than 24 million, more than 9.2 million people (approximately 40 per cent) live in squatter settlements. Communities here are characterised by low socioeconomic settings, crowded living conditions, inadequate water and sanitation facilities, and poor health-related behaviours. Such conditions create an environment favourable to the spread of communicable diseases like tuberculosis (TB), hepatitis and dengue.

Since 1985, the Department of Community Health Sciences at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan has run the Urban Health Program (UHP), a community-campus partnership operating in these disadvantaged squatter settlements. Recent explosive increases in the spread of dengue, hepatitis and TB, however, necessitated special attention and activities on a scale and pace that was greater than could be accommodated as part of UHP’s core work. Thus, having an already well-established collaborative model with social accountability measures in place, a dedicated mass awareness program was initiated over the course of one year, from mid 2015: the AGAHI project.

This article describes AGAHI’s innovative, low-cost, collaborative activities conducted in partnership with two squatter communities, Sultanabad and Rehri Goth, to build health awareness, improved care-seeking and compliance to treatment. Activities ranged from school sessions, role plays and awareness walks to laneway meetings, training of health care workers, door-to-door campaigns and collaboration with local religious leaders, public sector groups and NGOs.

Building on the collaborative work of the UHP, in just 12 months AGAHI was able to conduct 80 health awareness sessions with 4000 participants. Moreover, high-risk and vulnerable populations were identified and referred for further treatment. A comparative cross-sectional survey afterwards revealed a significant increase in knowledge among Sultanabad residents as compared to the neighbouring settlement of Hijrat Colony. As a result, this article suggests that the need for and efficacy of targeted health awareness campaigns against the major infectious diseases of poverty cannot be overemphasised. By adopting community-based participatory models, couched in a framework of social accountability, activities that are low cost, innovative and scientifically robust hold real potential for improving health awareness in vulnerable megacities like Karachi.
Evidence to impact: A community knowledge mobilisation evaluation framework
Authors: Worton S. Kathleen , Loomis Colleen , Pancer S. Mark , Nelson Geoffrey , Peters Ray DeV.
Published: June 2017

Many strategies guide knowledge-sharing to enhance uptake of evidence-based programs in practice, though few have been designed specifically for community settings. We highlight the importance of understanding and evaluating knowledge mobilisation in community settings and present a framework for evaluating knowledge mobilisation that captures short-term knowledge use as it relates to community stakeholders’ goals. To examine the utility of this framework, we applied it to the Pan-Canadian knowledge mobilisation activities of Better Beginnings, Better Futures, a community, university and government collaboration to support child development to its full capabilities. Participants included 31 community stakeholders who had attended a Better Beginnings workshop in one of six Canadian provinces and territories. Qualitative phone interviews were conducted to examine the extent to which knowledge mobilisation activities met participants’ learning needs, and how participants had applied the knowledge gained. Findings demonstrate that most participants had used the information, although the ways information was used varied greatly based on the community context. This application of the knowledge mobilisation framework shows it is useful for capturing diverse forms of short-term knowledge use in community settings. Lessons learned through the evaluation were used to refine the framework. The implications of this framework for academic researchers engaged in undertaking and evaluating community knowledge mobilisation are discussed.
Learning and service at the University of Buenos Aires: A theoretical framework guiding the implementation of educational social practices
Authors: García Oscar Gabriel , Hallu Rubén
Published: June 2017

From 2017 onwards, educational social practices will become obligatory for all students as part of every course at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina. For a university with approximately 300 000 students, this is a major change in how higher education is understood. However, its incorporation into the curricula is but the final stage of a clear policy of extensión, developed over decades at UBA, in which the knowledge produced through research and teaching is put into the service of society. In this article, we propose that extensión can be understood as a form of relationship between the university and society, framed by a pedagogical strategy of solidarity learning and service, and implemented through mechanisms that are here called ‘educational social practices’. This article first provides an overview of the different traditions of learning and service, paying particular attention to its development in Latin America, and the emergence in this region of ‘solidarity learning and service’, or situated education. Unlike other forms of learning and service, here, the basic unit of analysis is not the individual or the learning processes, but the reciprocal action; that is, the relational nature of people acting in certain contexts. Next, the article provides a short description of the Comprehensive Community Action Program in Vulnerable Neighborhoods, UBA’s MacJannet Prize–winning program, as a means to illustrate our distinct understanding of extensión in action – relational, situational, pedagogical and the mechanisms that propel it. This successful program has served as a fertile learning ground for the university, informing our understanding of what it means to teach, research and learn. To finish, the article provides a brief overview of these mechanisms by which the university has made whole-of-university participation mandatory: striving towards connectivity, continuity and curricular and social impact.
Particle size dependence of biogenic secondary organic aerosol molecular composition
Authors: Tu Peijun , Johnston Murray V.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is initiated by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the gas phase whose products subsequently partition to the particle phase. Non-volatile molecules have a negligible evaporation rate and grow particles at their condensation rate. Semi-volatile molecules have a significant evaporation rate and grow particles at a much slower rate than their condensation rate. Particle phase chemistry may enhance particle growth if it transforms partitioned semi-volatile molecules into non-volatile products. In principle, changes in molecular composition as a function of particle size allow non-volatile molecules that have condensed from the gas phase (a surface-limited process) to be distinguished from those produced by particle phase reaction (a volume-limited process). In this work, SOA was produced by β-pinene ozonolysis in a flow tube reactor. Aerosol exiting the reactor was size-selected with a differential mobility analyzer, and individual particle sizes between 35 and 110 nm in diameter were characterized by on- and offline mass spectrometry. Both the average oxygen-to-carbon (O ∕ C) ratio and carbon oxidation state (OSc) were found to decrease with increasing particle size, while the relative signal intensity of oligomers increased with increasing particle size. These results are consistent with oligomer formation primarily in the particle phase (accretion reactions, which become more favored as the volume-to-surface-area ratio of the particle increases). Analysis of a series of polydisperse SOA samples showed similar dependencies: as the mass loading increased (and average volume-to-surface-area ratio increased), the average O ∕ C ratio and OSc decreased, while the relative intensity of oligomer ions increased. The results illustrate the potential impact that particle phase chemistry can have on biogenic SOA formation and the particle size range where this chemistry becomes important.
Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem
Authors: Guerrette Jonathan J. , Henze Daven K.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Biomass burning emissions of atmospheric aerosols, including black carbon, are growing due to increased global drought, and comprise a large source of uncertainty in regional climate and air quality studies. We develop and apply new incremental four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) capabilities in WRFDA-Chem to find optimal spatially and temporally distributed biomass burning (BB) and anthropogenic black carbon (BC) aerosol emissions. The constraints are provided by aircraft BC concentrations from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites in collaboration with the California Air Resources Board (ARCTAS-CARB) field campaign and surface BC concentrations from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) network on 22, 23, and 24 June 2008. We consider three BB inventories, including Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN) v1.0 and v1.5 and Quick Fire Emissions Database (QFED) v2.4r8. On 22 June, aircraft observations are able to reduce the spread between a customized QFED inventory and FINNv1.0 from a factor of 3. 5 ( × 3. 5) to only × 2. 1. On 23 and 24 June, the spread is reduced from × 3. 4 to × 1. 4. The posterior corrections to emissions are heterogeneous in time and space, and exhibit similar spatial patterns of sign for both inventories. The posterior diurnal BB patterns indicate that multiple daily emission peaks might be warranted in specific regions of California. The US EPA's 2005 National Emissions Inventory (NEI05) is used as the anthropogenic prior. On 23 and 24 June, the coastal California posterior is reduced by × 2, where highway sources dominate, while inland sources are increased near Barstow by × 5. Relative BB emission variances are reduced from the prior by up to 35 % in grid cells close to aircraft flight paths and by up to 60 % for fires near surface measurements. Anthropogenic variance reduction is as high as 40 % and is similarly limited to sources close to observations. We find that the 22 June aircraft observations are able to constrain approximately 14 degrees of freedom of signal (DOF), while surface and aircraft observations together on 23/24 June constrain 23 DOF. Improving hourly- to daily-scale concentration predictions of BC and other aerosols during BB events will require more comprehensive and/or targeted measurements and a more complete accounting of sources of error besides the emissions.
Long-range isentropic transport of stratospheric aerosols over Southern Hemisphere following the Calbuco eruption in April 2015
Authors: Bègue Nelson , Vignelles Damien , Berthet Gwenaël , Portafaix Thierry , Payen Guillaume , Jégou Fabrice , Benchérif Hassan , Jumelet Julien , Vernier Jean-Paul , Lurton Thibault , Renard Jean-Baptiste , Clarisse Lieven , Duverger Vincent , Posny Françoise , Metzger Jean-Marc , Godin-Beekmann Sophie
Published: June 2017

Abstract. After 43 years of inactivity, the Calbuco volcano which is located in the southern part of Chile erupted on 22 April 2015. The space-time evolutions (distribution and transport) of its aerosol plume are investigated by combining satellite (CALIOP, IASI, OMPS), in situ aerosol counting (LOAC OPC) and lidar observations, and the MIMOSA advection model. The Calbuco aerosol plume reached the Indian Ocean 1 week after the eruption. Over the Reunion Island site (21° S; 55.5° E), the aerosol signal was unambiguously enhanced in comparison with "background" conditions with a volcanic aerosol layer extending from 18 km to 21 km during the May–July period. All the data reveal an increase by a factor of ~ 2 in the SAOD (Stratospheric Aerosol Optical Depth) with respect to values observed before the eruption. The aerosol e-folding time is approximately 90 days. Microphysical measurements obtained before, during and after the eruption reflecting the impact of the Calbuco eruption on the lower stratospheric aerosol content have been analyzed over Reunion site. During the passage of the plume, the volcanic aerosol was characterized by an effective radius of 0.16 ± 0.02 µm with an unimodal lognormal size distribution and the aerosol number concentration appears 20 times higher than before and one year after the eruption. A tendency toward "background" conditions has been observed about one year after the eruption, by April 2016. The volcanic aerosol plume is advected eastward in the Southern Hemisphere and its latitudinal extent is clearly bounded by the subtropical barrier and the polar vortex. The transient behavior of the aerosol layers observed above Reunion Island between May and July 2015 reflects an inhomogeneous geographical distribution of the plume which is controlled by the latitudinal motion of these dynamical barriers.
Benthic foraminiferal Mn / Ca ratios reflect microhabitat preferences
Authors: Koho Karoliina A. , de Nooijer Lennart J. , Fontanier Christophe , Toyofuku Takashi , Oguri Kazumasa , Kitazato Hiroshi , Reichart Gert-Jan
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Mn / Ca of calcium carbonate tests of living (rose-Bengal-stained) benthic foraminifera (Elphidium batialis, Uvigerina spp., Bolivina spissa, Nonionellina labradorica and Chilostomellina fimbriata) were determined in relation to pore water manganese (Mn) concentrations for the first time along a bottom water oxygen gradient across the continental slope along the NE Japan margin (western Pacific). The local bottom water oxygen (BWO) gradient differs from previous field study sites focusing on foraminiferal Mn / Ca and redox chemistry, therefore allowing further resolution of previously observed trends. The Mn / Ca ratios were analysed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), allowing single-chamber determination of Mn / Ca. The incorporation of Mn into the carbonate tests reflects environmental conditions and is not influenced by ontogeny. The inter-species variability in Mn / Ca reflected foraminiferal in-sediment habitat preferences and associated pore water chemistry but also showed large interspecific differences in Mn partitioning. At each station, Mn / Ca ratios were always lower in the shallow infaunal E. batialis, occupying relatively oxygenated sediments, compared to intermediate infaunal species, Uvigerina spp. and B. spissa, which were typically found at greater depth, under more reducing conditions. The highest Mn / Ca was always recorded by the deep infaunal species N. labradorica and C. fimbriata. Our results suggest that although partitioning differs, Mn / Ca ratios in the intermediate infaunal taxa are promising tools for palaeoceanographic reconstructions as their microhabitat exposes them to higher variability in pore water Mn, thereby making them relatively sensitive recorders of redox conditions and/or bottom water oxygenation.
Spontaneous endometriosis in rhesus macaques: evidence for a genetic association with specific Mamu-A1 alleles
Authors: Kondova Ivanela , Braskamp Gerco , Heidt Peter J. , Collignon Wim , Haaksma Tom , de Groot Nanine , Otting Nel , Doxiadis Gaby , Westmoreland Susan V. , Vallender Eric J. , Bontrop Ronald E.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Endometriosis is a poorly understood common debilitating women's reproductive disorder resulting from proliferative and ectopic endometrial tissue associated with variable clinical symptoms including dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual periods), dyspareunia (pain on intercourse), female infertility, and an increased risk of malignant transformation. The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) develops a spontaneous endometriosis that is very similar to that seen in women. We hypothesized that specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. As part of a collaboration between the Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC) in the Netherlands and the New England Primate Research Center (NEPRC) in the United States, we analyzed DNA sequences of MHC class I (Macaca mulatta, Mamu-A1) and class II (Mamu-DRB) alleles from rhesus macaques with endometriosis and compared the allele frequencies with those of age-matched healthy macaques. We demonstrate that two MHC class I alleles are overrepresented in diseased macaques compared to controls: Mamu-A1*001, 33.3 % in BPRC animals with endometriosis vs. 11.6 % in healthy macaques (p =  0.007), and Mamu-A1*007, 21.9 % NEPRC rhesus macaques vs. 6.7 %, (p =  0.003). We provide evidence that select MHC class I alleles are associated with endometriosis in rhesus macaques and suggest that the disease pathogenesis contribution of MHC class I warrants further research.
Idiomatic Expression in Acehnese Wedding Ceremony
Authors: Feronica Lauren , Simbolon Lasyuli
Published: June 2017

This study deals with idiomatic expression in Acehnese wedding ceremony. The objectives of this study were to find out the dominant forms, types and idiomatic meaning applied in the wedding ceremony and the use of the idiomatic expression. This study was conducted by applying qualitative research. The data were collected by applying relevant documentary technique. The data were analyzed based on the classification of forms, with a view to Mordie, such as Long and Short Idiom. Hockectt proposes five types such as Figure of Speech, Abbrevation Phrasal Compounds, Proper Names, Substitutes, and English Phrasal Coumpounds. Field research was also conducted by interviewing the older native speakers and observing the ceremony itself to complement the data from the library research. The finding indicates that the dominant form used in the ceremony is Long Idiom and the dominant types is Figures of Speech. The reasons of they use the idiomatic expression were to colour the language and as a reflection of preserving cultual values.