bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations and experiences of neurodiversity in recovery colleges in the United Kingdom: The N.I.R.E study protocol
Authors: Norton Michael John , Gallini-Poole William , Little Lydia , Zilberberg Olga
Published: January 2025

Introduction Neurodiversity is considered to be an umbrella term, used to demonstrate a variation in brain functioning which can impact a person’s thinking and information processing. The literature tells us that there is a close link between neurodivergence and mental health resulting in such individuals being more likely to attend a recovery college. However, there is a lack of data on how such recovery colleges can support neurodivergent individuals in learning about their mental health and wellbeing, leading to the question: can recovery colleges create neuro-inclusive environments conducive of supporting this community in acquiring the knowledge and skills needed to support their mental wellbeing? Methods and analysis To address this, an overarching project: The Neurodiversity In Recovery Education [N.I.R.E] Study was created. It consists of three work packages, each of which involves an iterative process where recovery college staff and students are interviewed in order to support the co-creation of specific guidelines. These guidelines will support these recovery colleges [both within the study sites and beyond] to harness an environment that is neuro-affirming whilst also representative of the wider recovery movement. Ethics and dissemination This study received ethical approval from UCC’s Social Research Ethics Committee [SREC] in November 2024. This protocol, and all data created as a result of this study is stored in OSF registries. Almost all outputs will be through publication in high impact peer reviewed journals. The exception of this will be the co-created guidelines which will be stored on a specific website and with the help of ImROC [an organisation in the UK well linked in with recovery colleges] will be circulated to all recovery education services in the UK and internationally. Registration ID https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/R93WM
Utilisation of ChatGPT and other Artificial Intelligence tools among medical faculty in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mukunya David , Nantale Ritah , Kayemba Frank , Ajalo Elizabeth , Pangholi Kennedy , Babuya Jonathan , Langoya Akuu Suzan , Namiiro Amelia Margaret , Tweheyo Ronald , Ekak Steven , Nakitto Brenda , Nantongo Kirsten , Mpagi Joseph Luwaga , Musaba Milton W. , Oguttu Faith , Kuteesa Job , Mubuuke Aloysius Gonzaga , Munabi Ian Guyton , Kiguli Sarah
Published: January 2025

Background ChatGPT is a large language model that uses deep learning techniques to generate human-like texts. ChatGPT has the potential to revolutionize medical education as it acts as an interactive virtual tutor and personalized learning assistant. We assessed the use of ChatGPT and other Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools among medical faculty in Uganda. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among medical faculty at four public universities in Uganda from November to December 2023. Participants were recruited consecutively. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on participants’ socio-demographics and the use of AI tools such as ChatGPT. Our outcome variable was the use of ChatGPT and other AI tools. Data were analyzed in Stata version 17.0. Results We recruited 224 medical faculty, majority [75% (167/224)] were male. The median age (interquartile range) was 41 years (34–50). Almost all medical faculty [90% (202/224)] had ever heard of AI tools such as ChatGPT. Over 63% (120/224) of faculty had ever used AI tools. The most commonly used AI tools were ChatGPT (56.3%) and Quill Bot (7.1%). Fifty-six faculty use AI tools for research writing, 37 for summarizing information, 28 for proofreading work, and 28 for setting exams or assignments. Forty faculty use AI tools for non-academic purposes like recreation and learning new skills. Faculty older than 50 years were 40% less likely to use AI tools compared to those aged 24 to 35 years (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR):0.60; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): [0.45, 0.80]). Conclusion The use of ChatGPT and other AI tools was high among medical faculty in Uganda. Older faculty (>50 years) were less likely to use AI tools compared to younger faculty. Training on AI use in education, formal policies, and guidelines are needed to adequately prepare medical faculty for the integration of AI in medical education.
Services for Connected, Cooperated, and Automated Mobility based on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence: The SHOW project paradigm
Authors: Spanos Georgios , Siomos Alexandros , Schmidt Carolin , Tygesen Mathias , Salanova Josep Maria , Rodrigues Filipe , Papadopoulos Alexandros , Antypas Evangelos , Sersemis Athanasios , Gemou Maria , Lalas Antonios , Votis Konstantinos , Ayfantopoulou Georgia , Bekiaris Evangelos , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: January 2025

Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) constitutes a viable solution toward sustainable future mobility in order to achieve the target of decarbonization. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data (BD) have altered several industrial sectors providing novel and affordable solutions that facilitate and improve existing operations in these sectors. Hence, the combination of the CCAM paradigm with AI methodologies based on BD could ever increase the potential benefits of CCAM in the contemporary society. For this reason, three CCAM services, which are based on AI and BD, are introduced in the current research work in order to tackle three well-known issues of mobility such as i) the estimated time of arrival, ii) the passenger demand prediction and iii) the mobility patterns identification. The proposed CCAM services were tested on various pilot sites of the EU-funded SHOW project, thus demonstrating the potential of BD and AI in future mobility services.
The role of senior researchers in promoting good science: Obstacles and enablers
Authors: van den Hooff Susanne , Mežinska Signe
Published: January 2025

This essay examines senior researchers’ professional responsibilities in fostering ethical research practices within their teams, as outlined in the ALLEA European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Senior researchers have an important role in preventing research misconduct and promoting a supportive academic environment. However, pressures within academia - particularly the ‘publish or perish’ culture - can lead to stress and potentially unethical practices, including power misuse, exploitation, and neglect of supervisory responsibilities. This essay explores the challenges senior researchers face in fulfilling ethical responsibilities and highlights a ‘slow science’ approach and targeted training to prioritize quality over quantity and to promote better mentorship practices.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SOLUTIONS AND SERVICES IN THE LOCOMOTIVE FACILITY OF JSC RUSSIAN RAILWAYS
Authors: Osipov D.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses modern digital solutions and services being implemented in the locomotive industry of Russian Railways OJSC (RZD). The main attention is paid to the analysis of innovative technologies that help improve the efficiency of locomotive fleet management, improve maintenance and repairs, as well as optimize operational processes. Key digital platforms and systems are described, and the role of data and analytics in decision making is emphasized. In conclusion, the prospects for the further development of digital technologies in the locomotive industry and their impact on the overall productivity and safety of railway transportation are discussed.
APPLICATION OF THE FACTOR ANALYSIS METHOD TO ASSESS THE MAIN PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF DIGITAL SERVICES
Authors: Efimova O. , Kabanova T.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses end-to-end digital services of the transport complex, digital services for passenger and freight transportation, and the use of electronic document management in the transport industry. The author draws attention to the fact that the use of end-to-end digital services and digital platforms determines the future prospects for the development of transport.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: CHALLENGES, PROSPECTS, STRATEGIES AND ADVANTAGES
Authors: Mit'ko O.
Published: January 2025

This article examines key trends and strategies that help organizations remain competitive and successful in the dynamic world of digital innovation. The tasks of the digital economy and the development of new technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence are considered. The author draws attention to the new opportunities provided to achieve maximum efficiency and reduce costs.
METHODOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR MODELLING BUSINESS PROCESSES IN THE TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Authors: Davletshin A.
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews current methodologies and tools for modelling business processes in the transport industry. The focus is on analyzing and comparing different modelling approaches such as BPMN, IDEF, and UML, as well as tools that are widely used in the field, including ARIS, Bizagi, and IBM Blueworks Live
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR MONITORING THE PERFORMANCE OF A PACKET TRANSPORT NETWORK BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY INDICATORS
Authors: Mihalev D.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the developed methods for monitoring the performance of packet transport networks based on the analysis of quality indicators. The authors investigate various quality indicators, such as delay, packet loss, throughput, and jitter, and propose algorithms and models for collecting and analyzing these indicators. The purpose of the study is to ensure the efficient operation of packet transport networks by monitoring and managing their performance. The developed monitoring methods help to prevent possible network problems and optimize resource use, which contributes to improving the quality of service for end users. Overall, the paper represents an important contribution to the field of monitoring the performance of packet transport networks and can be useful for network operators and researchers working on this topic.
BASIC REQUIREMENTS AND TOOLS FOR AUTOMATING THE BUSINESS OF SCRAP COMPANIES
Authors: Morozov D.
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the features of production processes and modern tools for automating business processes in the scrap industry. The main attention is paid to the analysis and comparison of various specifics of activities, such as the management of sorting and processing of materials, optimization of inventory management processes, efficient use of energy resources of the enterprise, as well as tools that are widely used in this field, including 1C ERP, 1C LOGIST, ELMA.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANIZATION
Authors: Novichkov D.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the study is related to the influence of the theoretical and methodological foundations of inventory management on the effectiveness of the practice of implementing basic methods of inventory management in production and trading organizations of sports equipment. The purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of an inventory management system in an organization. The main tasks, methods and tools of inventory management in the organization are identified.
The Impact of Endometriosis on Mental Health - A Literature Review of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Woźniak Julia , Kadłubek Sabina , Mąka Magdalena , Kapturska Natalia , Kalinowski Szymon , Cymerys Kinga , Kardaszewski Piotr , Kamiński Jakub , Sikora Dominik , Góralczyk Ewa
Published: January 2025

Introduction and purpose: Endometriosis is a gynecological disease that affects about 10% of women worldwide. Women suffering from endometriosis are susceptible to mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It is essential to highlight the psychological struggles of women with endometriosis in order to integrate physical and psychological care and subsequently enhance the treatment outcomes.
Materials and Methods: Medical databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Google Scholar were searched for scientific papers on endometriosis and its relationship with the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Research outlined the influence of endometriosis treatment, social stigmatization and non-medicinal approach.
State of knowledge: The prevalence of depression and anxiety among women with endometriosis is significant. The symptoms of the disease influence daily struggles,  relationship with partners and family, education and career responsibilities, subsequently lowering the quality of life. Women with endometriosis experience social stigmatization manifested not only from society members but also from healthcare professionals. The approach to the medical treatment by patients was discovered to be of consequence. Literature review emphasizes the benefits of psychological support and empathetic attitude of medical practitioners.
Conclusions:  Multidisciplinary team is essential in order to provide intervention strategies leading to greater therapeutic outcomes in endometriosis treatment. Endometriosis and mental disorders are inextricably connected. More research is needed to accent the importance of mental health in the treatment of physical conditions.
Effects of physical activity on brain function: Mechanisms, adaptations and clinical implications
Authors: Fabian Dariusz , Kufel Klaudia Maria , Teofilak Mateusz , Smyl Natalia Maria , Śpiołek Olga , Siwiec Jan , Słowikowska Aleksandra , Szatkowska Julia , Sztyler-Krąkowska Marcelina Paula , Wąsowicz Agnieszka Alicja , Kędziora Franciszek
Published: January 2025

The effects of physical activity on brain function, the mechanisms involved, adaptations, and clinical implications are topics of great importance given the increasingly common sedentary lifestyle. This paper explores these relationships, starting with the evolutionary aspects of brain development in the context of physical activity. It discusses a variety of forms of exercise, from intense exercise to daily NEAT (non-exercise activity thermogenesis). A key issue is neuroplasticity, which plays an important role in adaptation to external stimuli. The article identifies key neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which are regulated by physical activity and contribute to improved cognitive function and mental health. The paper demonstrates the multifaceted effects of physical activity on neuroplasticity and brain health.
La ilustración corpórea: orígenes y fundamentos teóricos.
Authors: S. Morgado Celia
Published: January 2025

En este artículo se analiza un nuevo
modo creativo específico de la ilustración: la ilustración corpórea. Este concepto aborda la tridimensionalidad de
la ilustración gráfica desde su práctica
contemporánea encontrándonos con
autores como Dulk. Su implementación
en la teoría visual y artística supone la
posibilidad de dar nombre y caracterizar
la corporeidad de la imagen de carácter
gráfico-ilustrativo en un concepto específico y global. La tridimensionalidad
efectiva de las imágenes es una realidad
artística en crecimiento que define una
importante y significativa línea de desarrollo en el ámbito de la creación y de la
ilustración.
Una existencia torcida en sí misma, de Lacan a Deleuze.
Authors: Arenas Mozo Camilo Eduardo
Published: January 2025

El siguiente texto pretende plantear las
bases del pensamiento filosófico de Heráclito en su infinita lucha de opuestos
en un cambio eterno, del acontecimiento
estoico y del clinamen de Epicuro, articuladas en lógica de sentido de Deleuze,
como base de los planteamientos en la
última de etapa de enseñanza de Jaques
Lacan. Los puentes teóricos trazados
entre Lacan y Deleuze se han perdido en
análisis históricos de sus encuentros y
desencuentros, en el sentido que marcan
hacía lo real y por supuesto en el Edipo
como máquina de subjetividad. Sin embargo, considero, hasta el momento no
se ha planteado una articulación de sus
teorías, porque se han desconocido las
bases filosóficas lacanianas. El planteamiento que se realiza en el texto permite
una forma novedosa de comprender la
identificación al fin del análisis, como
una identificación a lo permanente en la
impermanencia, poniendo como lo más
profundo e intimido de la subjetividad, la
piel, el borde, lo falso de la imagen
Mental health literacy as a moderator relationship between self-diagnosis and help-seeking behavior in adolescent Posyandu
Authors: Aufa Nisaul , Saniatuzzulfa Rahmah
Published: January 2025

In the context of rapid societal changes and the digital era, adolescents are increasingly vulnerable to mental health issues, which are often reflected in help-seeking behavior. A significant 34.9% of adolescents exhibit symptoms of mental disorders, yet only 2.6% seek professional help. The establishment of adolescent health posts (Posyandu) serves as a platform for monitoring adolescent health. However, challenges remain due to the low response rates in help-seeking behaviors and limited interest in Posyandu activities. This study aims to examine the relationship between self-diagnosis and help-seeking behavior, moderated by mental health literacy, among adolescents in Posyandu in the city of "Y." The research adopted a quantitative approach, targeting all members of adolescent Posyandu in the city. A purposive sampling method was employed, selecting adolescents aged 10-23 years who were active in the Posyandu, resulting in 114 respondents. Data were collected using scales for help-seeking behavior (α = 0.801), self-diagnosis (α = 0.795), and mental health literacy (α = 0.528). Data analysis was conducted using Chi-Square correlation and PROCESS Macro Hayes version 4.2. The correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between self-diagnosis and help-seeking behavior. Meanwhile, the PROCESS analysis indicated that the interaction between self-diagnosis and mental health literacy negatively affected help-seeking behavior. It can be concluded that while mental health literacy moderates the relationship between self-diagnosis and help-seeking behavior, it does not strengthen this association among Posyandu adolescents in the city of "Y."
Community empowerment for poverty alleviation through social entrepreneurship based on an ecological framework
Authors: Suyono Hadi , Safaria Triantoro
Published: January 2025

This study is rooted in the issue of poverty, which has the potential to incite conflicts. In response to this, the research aims to explore social entrepreneurship as a tool for community empowerment to alleviate poverty and prevent conflicts. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The participants include village heads, leaders of cooperatives, tourism awareness groups, ecotourism managers, youth organization members, representatives of the village consultative body, cooperative administrators, managers of village-owned enterprises, neighborhood leaders, and village heads. These participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, and the data analysis employed thematic analysis, with member checking used to ensure validity. The findings indicate that social entrepreneurship through ecotourism business units, underpinned by an ecological framework, has been successful in fostering contributions from individuals, microsystems, organizations, local communities, and the macrosystem. This approach to empowerment has proven effective in reducing poverty and preventing conflicts.
Searching for compassion in healthcare
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: January 2025

Helen Cowan highlights the need for greater compassion and the barriers to improving this in healthcare, emphasising that compassion is about action.
Exploring ontological and epistemological foundations for advanced clinical practitioners: bridging research and practice
Authors: Alsararatee Hasan H
Published: January 2025

This article explores the ontological and epistemological approaches for advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) in bridging the gap between research and practice in the healthcare field. The article discusses five research paradigms by combining both ontological and epistemological perspectives including positivism, post-positivism, interpretivism/constructivism, pragmatism and critical realism. Understanding these perspectives is crucial for ACPs to encourage critical thinking, enhance clinical decision making and maintain patient-centred care. These perspectives will encourage ACPs to achieve innovation in healthcare and contribute to the development of a strong professional identity.
Exploring the effectiveness of advanced practice physiotherapist roles in assessing patients with frailty in the emergency department
Authors: Morris Jasmine
Published: January 2025

Objectives:

To evaluate the impact of time efficiency when frailty patients are assessed by a trainee advanced practice physiotherapist (tAPP) as part of the extended role of the advanced practice physiotherapist (APP) in the emergency department (ED).

Design:

A comparative experimental study was conducted between a control group, assessed by an ED practitioner followed by a therapist, and an intervention group, evaluated by the tAPP.

Methods:

The control group (retrospective data collected from April-August 2020) consisted of patients who were first assessed by an ED clinician and then seen by a therapist. The intervention group (retrospective data from April-August 2021) consisted of patients assessed by the tAPP.

Main outcome measures:

The primary outcomes measured were the time taken for assessments to be completed and the time required to formulate care plans.

Results:

A total of 25 patients were included in the intervention group. Patients seen by the tAPP had care plans formulated in an average of 123 minutes, compared to 255 minutes for the control group. This resulted in a time saving of 3300 minutes (57.5 hours). Additionally, there was an average delay of 107 minutes between the ED clinician and therapy assessments in the control group, contributing to an extra time saving of 2,675 minutes (44.5 hours). Conclusions: The study identified significant time savings, with a reduction of 57.5 hours of practitioner time and decreased duplication of work. While notable time efficiencies were observed, the definitive impact on patient outcomes and their experiences remains unclear, indicating a need for further research.
Green Solvent-mediated Solution Combustion Synthesis of Photocatalytic Active Copper-doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Antimicrobial Activity Study
Authors: P. Vinisha Valsaraj  , P. Ashna  , Anagha Rajan  , Sreshma Rajan
Published: January 2025

Environmental concerns over water pollution, particularly from chemical and biological sources, have become increasingly pressing in contemporary society. This study investigates the effectiveness of solution combustion synthesized pure and copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles in photocatalytically degrading dye pollutants focusing on methylene blue. Using a green solvent solution combustion process, copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared and tested for their ability to degrade methylene blue dye. Parameters influencing the photodegradation efficiency including catalyst concentration, pH levels, and dye concentration were systematically evaluated. Results indicate that the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye increases with irradiation time, achieving up to 94% degradation in just three hours. The nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The copper-doped zinc oxide exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with a zone of inhibition measuring 12 mm and 17 mm against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. By leveraging their multifunctional properties, these nanoparticles not only contribute to improving public health through their microbial properties but also play a crucial role in environmental remediation by breaking down harmful organic compounds. Thus, they represent a promising innovation in medicine and environmental science, offering a sustainable solution to mitigate pollution caused by organic dye.
Analysis of Fly Ash and GGBS-based Geopolymer Concrete under Different Curing Conditions
Authors: Deepmala Pandey  , Rakesh Kumar Pandey  , R. K. Mishra
Published: January 2025

This research explores how changes in the amount of activator, curing methods, and the type of starting materials affect the characteristics of geopolymer concrete (GPC). Concrete mixtures were made using various ratios of fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions of different concentrations (8, 10, and 12M), and then cured under normal room temperature, heat, and steam conditions. The initial properties of the concrete were measured with a slump test, and the properties that had been fully set, such as the ability to withstand compression, split tensile strength, and bending strength, were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The findings indicate that increasing the concentration of NaOH and using steam for curing greatly enhances the strength of GPC, with the best-performing mix of fly ash and GGBS. A cost analysis comparing GPC with standard Portland cement concrete (PCC) indicates that while GPC has higher initial costs, it offers superior durability and environmental benefits.
Innovative Approaches in Nanomaterials for Efficient Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater: A Scientific Review
Authors: David Daneeh Massey  , P. Susan Verghese  , Mahima Habil  , Ram Kumar Saraswat
Published: January 2025

Heavy metal contamination of water resources poses a severe threat to human health and ecosystems due to the toxic nature and bioaccumulative potential of these pollutants. While adsorption has emerged as a promising technique for heavy metal removal, recent nanotechnology advancements have led to the development of highly efficient nanoadsorbents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in utilizing nanomaterials for heavy metal adsorption from wastewater. We delve into various types of nanoadsorbents, including metal oxides (e.g., TiO2, Fe3O4), carbon-based materials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes), and polymeric nanocomposites, highlighting their effectiveness in removing heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury. This review critically analyzes key factors influencing adsorption efficiency, including surface properties, pore structure, and the role of functional groups. Furthermore, we emphasize the crucial need for designing innovative reactor systems that enable the recovery and reuse of nanoadsorbents and adsorbed heavy metals, promoting sustainability and scalability for real-world applications. By integrating nanotechnology with adsorption processes, this review showcases the potential for developing highly efficient and sustainable solutions to mitigate the pressing issue of heavy metal pollution in water systems. This work aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, aiming to promote safe water, sustainable industrial practices, efficient resource utilization, and environmental preservation.
A Comprehensive Study of Electric Vehicle Charging and Energy Storage System Management
Authors: Preeti Singh  , Sanjiv Kumar Jain
Published: January 2025

Recent EV technology research focuses on charging infrastructure and storage. In this paper, a review is conducted on off-grid (standalone), grid-connected, and hybrid charging infrastructures for electric vehicle battery charging operations. Charging techniques integrated with different grid topologies are being studied to improve EV lifetime and efficiency. EVs are multienergy systems that need optimization of power control to efficiently utilize resources. The charging methods are also reviewed to highlight a fast and efficient charging approach that prolongs cell cycle life and charges efficiently. Our methodology, results, and implications are further elucidated in the subsequent sections. Methodology that is first revealed: a variety of challenges and issues are revealed, and the various varieties of electric vehicles (EVs) are described. Secondly, the inventory encompasses the appropriate EV and ESS models. In this examination, Section 3 provides information about energy management systems and the analysis explains how EV charging loads dynamically adjust their charging expectations to align with the time-of-use power price, utilizing demand response techniques. Conclusion provides a summary of contributions and suggests a variety of potential future research areas.
Effect of Burkholderia sp. on Root Nodulation in Black Gram Grown in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil Supplemented with Lignite Humic Acid and Seaweed Biochar
Authors: R. Shanmugasundaram  , S. T. Somasundaram
Published: January 2025

A non-rhizobial, root-nodulating endophytic bacterium, Burkholderia multivorans strain Strulens, was isolated from black gram root nodules. Under cadmium (Cd) stress, this bacterium synthesized indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), produced exopolysaccharides, and solubilized phosphate. When black gram plants were treated with biochar (2% w/w), humic acid (2% w/w), and Burkholderia sp., they exhibited increased nodule formation and higher leghemoglobin content, even at varying Cd concentrations. Combining humic acid and biochar with Burkholderia sp.  also reduced Cd translocation from the roots to the shoots, resulting in a translocation factor of 0.17. These findings suggest that incorporating biochar and humic acid into Cd-affected soils, along with Burkholderia sp.  inoculation, can improve legume growth and reduce Cd uptake in contaminated soils.
Mechanical and Durability Performance of Concrete using Dolomite Powder and Pond Ash as Cement Replacements
Authors: R. Kavinshankar  , K. Tamilarasan  , K. Yuvaraj
Published: January 2025

The construction sector, reliance on substantial quantities of raw materials has historically imposed a significant environmental burden due to its reliance on cement in concrete production. Cement manufacturing, being energy-intensive, has been a major contributor to CO2 emission, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. This study explored the substitution of cement with industrial by-products such as pond ash (PA) and dolomite powder (DP) to address these challenges. PA was incorporated at an optimal level of 10% by cement mass, while DP was added in varying combination of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Eight mix proportions were formulated for M20-grade concrete, designed with a w/b ratio of 0.5 in adherence to IS:10262-2019. The experimental program assessed the mechanical properties of the mixes, including compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength, alongside durability characteristics such as Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT), weathering resistance, and permeability tests. Results demonstrated that the combination of 10% PA and 15% DP (M4 mix) exhibited the most favorable performance at 7, 28, and 90 days, with significant improvements in strength compared to the control mix. The M4 mix displayed enhanced resistance to chloride penetration, superior weathering resilience, and reduced permeability, affirming its effectiveness as a sustainable concrete solution at 7, 28, and 90 days. Overall, the integration of PA and DP in concrete improved strength and reduce the environmental impact of construction materials, offering a promising pathway for eco-friendly and cost-effective building practices.
A Conversation with Peggy Kreshel: Media Ethics, Advertising, and Pedagogy
Authors: Jenkins Joanna L. , Kreshel Peggy J. , McAllister Matthew P.
Published: January 2025

Abstract: For this quarter’s ASQ ’s teaching article, we engage in conversation with award-winning teacher of advertising and ethics, Dr. Peggy J. Kreshel, associate professor emerita of the Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Georgia. Dr. Kreshel’s many teaching honors include being named a University of Georgia Senior Teaching Fellow and a member of UGA’s Teaching Academy. She received the university-wide Richard B. Russell Outstanding Undergraduate Teaching Award. She has also been a coauthor, since the eighth edition, of the influential text Media Ethics: Cases and Moral Reasoning (Routledge). She has also coauthored the last four editions of the influential text Media Ethics: Cases and Moral Reasoning (12th ed., Routledge), joining Clifford G. Christians, Mark Fackler, William J. Brown, Yayu Feng, Holly K. Overton, and Kathy Brittain Richardson. The conversation covers Kreshel’s background and teaching experience, the pedagogical applications of the latest edition of Media Ethics , and the role of case studies in addressing ethical dilemmas in advertising. The discussion also explores balancing structural and institutional factors, individual ethics in advertising, and the critical role of advertising ethics in contemporary issues, notably climate change.
From the Archives Introduction: The Disability Reference Collection
Authors: Wachholz Jacqueline , Williams Patti
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The From the Archives Section’s contributing editors introduce the article they curated for this issue: The Disability Reference Collection at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History’s Archives Center .
Competitive Authenticity: Chinese Beauty Influencers Leverage the Hashtag #ReconcileWithPlainFace to Intensify Their Rivalries
Authors: You Xiao Shan
Published: January 2025

Abstract: In China’s complex and layered digital landscape, women influencers are redefining Asian beauty ideals and challenging traditional narratives. This study investigates the uses and implications of the hashtag “# YuSuyanHejie / #ReconcileWithPlainFace.” Originating on Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok, this hashtag explicitly promotes a makeup-free appearance. As a piece of marketing rhetoric, the hashtag is reminiscent of the recent strategic shift by Western brands from featuring unrealistic, “flawless” models to promoting “real” beauty that features “average,” everyday women. Increasingly, Chinese influencers now present viewers with makeup-free, “authentic” profile images that challenge traditional and repressive beauty norms. Ironically, such claims seem to intensify, rather than relax, the incredibly fierce competition that already characterizes the online beauty community. Through digital ethnography, this paper examines the interactions between Chinese influencers and their followers to analyze the construction of, and tensions within, the dissonant concept of competitive authenticity. This study contributes to an understanding of gender, labor, and “authenticity” within China's digital economy and demonstrates the ways in which influencers weigh self-representation against both commercial incentives and societal expectations.
The Sartori Pit: A Glimpse into the Household of the First U.S. Consul to the Vatican
Authors: Madrigal Patricia A. , Hunter Richard W. , Harshbarger Patrick
Published: January 2025

Abstract: In the summer of 1999 archaeological monitoring carried out in connection with a highway improvement project in Trenton, New Jersey, uncovered a stone-lined shaft—believed to be a privy—near the site of the Rosey Hill Mansion, a Federal-style dwelling that formerly stood on the banks of the Delaware River. The shaft was filled with over 11,000 artifacts, mostly dating from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. This feature, informally dubbed "the Sartori pit," was filled with the household items of John B. Sartori, a prominent merchant in Trenton and Philadelphia, and the first United States consul to the Papal States in Rome. The contents of the shaft are described in detail, and many are indicative of the wealth and social sophistication of a family that occupied the upper stratum of Trenton society in the early federal period. It was concluded that these artifacts were part of a clearance assemblage, a single-episode deposit undertaken when the house was cleaned and prepared for a new tenant.
Switchable multiwavelength fiber laser based on parallel Sagnac loop interferometer
Authors: Xu Xiaotong , Zhou Xuefang , Lai Mingquan , Hu Miao
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a proposed filtering device using a dual Sagnac loop in parallel can switch channel spacing by adjusting the polarization controller angle, achieving outputs with 0.88 and 0.42 nm spacing. Theoretical simulations and experiments prove that it can be applied in the design of fiber lasers, and the impact of various parameters on the wavelength interval was analyzed. Adjusting the polarization-maintaining fiber parameters such as length and refractive index in the filter allows for new channel interval combinations. A multiwavelength fiber laser was constructed using this filter, achieving channel intervals of 0.88 and 0.42 nm in tests. The stable output laser signal is suitable for high-speed optical communication systems.
Role of higher-order electric field corrections in the quadrupole interaction of twisted light with matter
Authors: Alharbi Abdullah F. , Lyras Andreas
Published: January 2025

Recent studies on twisted-light-matter interactions have highlighted the importance of the longitudinal electric field component, which had previously been overlooked. Together with the transverse component, it corresponds to the lowest-order terms in a perturbative expansion over the paraxial parameter. In this work, we investigate the influence of higher-order correction terms in the perturbative expansion on the quadrupole excitation of a trapped atom. This article begins by resolving discrepancies in the literature regarding the calculation of transverse fields at second and higher even orders using the appropriate gauge. A key finding of our study reveals that including a higher-order term in the perturbative expansion is not always sufficient to enhance accuracy in describing the interaction at a given level; instead, two successive orders may need to be considered together. This is particularly evident in quadrupole transitions involving no change in the magnetic quantum number (Δm = 0), where longitudinal corrections play a more significant role than their transverse counterparts, despite the latter being lower order. This behavior is attributed to the sensitivity of quadrupole interactions to field gradients and the connection between odd- and even-order fields via transverse gradients.
Compact extended-DOF microscope through electrowetting lens
Authors: Español Estela , Tolosa Angel , Saavedra Genaro , Martinez-Corral Manuel , Incardona Nicolo
Published: January 2025

In optical microscopy, the intrinsic trade-off between resolution and depth of field (DOF) prevents the observation of 3D samples, limiting the observable thickness to some micrometers. The usual solution to this problem is to mechanically scan the object in depth. However, this slows down the process and can induce vibrations in soft samples. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose the use of an electrically tunable lens (ETL) based on electrowetting effect. Specifically, we propose an extended-DOF microscope set up in a very compact architecture in which full telecentricity is no longer achieved. On top of that, the axial scanning is carried out by the non-afocal coupling between two M12 lenses and the ETL. The main feature of the proposed extended-DOF microscope is that, despite its compactness, it can capture stacks of images with long depth range, constant magnification and a spatial resolution that equals that of the standard microscope and remains invariant along the depth range. We also show that the proposed idea can be implemented as an add-on attachable to any commercial microscope, which enables the use of all the microscope facilities.
Joint loss function design in diffractive optical neural network classifiers for high power efficiency
Authors: Fan Mengguang , Jin Shuping , Gu Yinwei , Zhao Xiangyue , Bai Ningfeng , Wang Qilong , Lu Changgui
Published: January 2025

The high speed, wide bandwidth, and parallel processing capabilities of a diffractive optical neural network (DONN) stimulate its applications in computer vision for image recognition and information processing tasks. This paper presents a joint loss function (J-SCE) that combines classification performance and diffractive power efficiency, thereby improving the power efficiency of the DONN classifier from 0.92% to 12.89% while maintaining a classification accuracy of 95.36%. The J-SCE function improves the overall power efficiency of the system by directing energy more effectively toward the target area. Furthermore, the J-SCE function enhances the system's robustness to noise and overall stability. This work significantly contributes to the application of DONN classifiers in practical image recognition and other information processing scenarios.
Dual atom (87Rb-133Cs) grating magneto-optical trap
Authors: Xu Lei , Li Muming , Yu Zhilong , Liu Zheyu , Duan Junyi , Wang Fang , Zhao Feng , Liu Xiaochi
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a dual-color grating chip design method for simultaneously capturing dual atomic clouds (87Rb and 133Cs). By simulating key parameters such as the grating period, etching depth, duty cycle, coating material, and thickness, the optimal design parameters were determined (T = 210 nm, r = 0.5, h0 = 100 nm, d = 1150 nm) to ensure efficient dual-wavelength diffraction and maximize the number of captured atoms. Experimental results demonstrate the simultaneous trapping of 1.6 × 108 87Rb atoms and 7.8 × 106 133Cs atoms, thereby offering an approach for multi-species cold atom systems. This dual-species grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) system has potential applications in precision measurements such as cold atom clocks, quantum interferometers, and quantum electrometry.
Efficient rendering and display of photorealistic light field images
Authors: Zhu Fanglan , Lou Yimin , Hu Juanmei , Wu Fengmin
Published: January 2025

How to improve the rendering efficiency and realism of light field images remains a major challenge. This paper proposes a rendering approach to efficiently generate photorealistic light field images. Firstly, the next-generation model optimization technique is used to transform the complex high-polygon model (HPM) into the low-polygon model (LPM). Then, the rendering speed is accelerated by using the LPM and geometric perspective coherence. Next, the normals of the HPM are baked onto the LPM using model baking techniques, and the high-precision light field images are rendered using LPM and the normals of HPM. This process can reduce 95% of the model data, thereby increasing the rendering speed by more than 10 times, while maintaining the rendering quality comparable to the HPM. Secondly, nearly half of the triangles are further decreased by using a two-step backface culling technique, thereby doubling the rendering speed again. The rendering speed is greatly improved using the GPU-CPU hybrid architecture. Thirdly, to enhance realism, anisotropic illumination effects are realized by using the perspective coherence of lighting, and vivid shadows are rendered utilizing an image-space shadow mapping technology. The results indicate that the proposed method can increase the rendering speed by more than 20 times and maintain the image’s SSIMs exceeding 0.9 and PSNRs above 30 dB. Finally, a light field display system based on integral imaging was built, and high-resolution and attractive 3D images with a wide viewing angle were synthesized using the light field images and display system.
Exploring the frequency degenerate range of the three-dimensional structured lights in selectively end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser
Authors: Li Jia’ning , Huang Gang , Xie Pengjian , Zhou Pengfei , Liu Rui , Huang Jinming , Pan Shengyuan , Liao Wenbin , Li Bingxuan , Zhang Ge
Published: January 2025

Three-dimensional (3D) structured light is a complex form of structured light characterized by ray-wave duality. The principle for generating 3D structured laser transverse modes has been well-established through numerous experiments. However, little research has been focused on the frequency degeneracy range during the process of obtaining these modes. In this work, we utilize a Radio-Frequency (RF) spectrum analyzer to record frequency signal data at different accidental degeneracies. By analyzing the variation of the frequency signal as the resonator length changes, we determined the exact degeneracy range. Near the 1/5 degeneracy cavity, the exact range was found to be from 18.20 mm to 18.10 mm. Near the 1/6 degeneracy cavity, the degenerate cavity length range was determined to be from 12.55 mm to 12.45 mm. This work demonstrates that monitoring the RF signal changes with the analyzer enables precise identification of the resonator’s fine cavity length and degeneracy range, based on ray-wave duality. It also introduces a novel method for evaluating the stability of 3D structured laser transverse modes in the frequency domain.
Modulating the nonlinear refractive index through F/O ratio to reduce the self-focusing effect of fluorophosphate glasses
Authors: Cao Xin , Wan Rui , Li Xianda , Guo Chen , Tian Shuai , Wang Pengfei
Published: January 2025

In this study, we systematically investigated the relationship between the F/O ratio and the nonlinear refractive index of fluorophosphate glass, revealing that the nonlinear refractive index decreased exponentially as the F/O ratio increased. A formula for calculating the nonlinear refractive index based on the composition of fluorophosphate glasses was proposed. Since the nonlinear refractive index is directly related to self-focusing damage, we demonstrated through femtosecond laser-induced damage experiments that the F/O ratio can effectively modulate the self-focusing damage properties of fluorophosphate glass. Additionally, time-resolved pump-probe experiments were employed to capture the damage process and explore the damage mechanisms.
Electric polarization-enhanced optical thermometry in lanthanide ion-doped ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 nanosheets
Authors: Wang Jiawen , Huang Lihui , Lin Shenghuang , Xu Shiqing , Bai Gongxun
Published: January 2025

The demand for temperature measurement in optoelectronic integration has prompted research on advanced luminescent materials. Here, ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12:Yb3+/Er3+/Nd3+ nanosheets were designed for optical thermometry. The transition emissions of nanosheets were significantly enhanced through electric polarization engineering. By utilizing the fluorescence intensity ratio of emissions from Nd3+ and Er3+ ions, the poled system achieved notable absolute and relative sensing sensitivities of 3.03 and 2.52% K−1, respectively. These results highlight the multi-band luminescence and optoelectronic coupling characteristics of lanthanide ion-doped ferroelectric nanosheets and suggest that electric field polarization-enhanced temperature measurement can serve a reference for enhancing optical sensing capabilities.
High-energy transient gas pinholes via saturated absorption
Authors: Ou K. , Perez-Ramirez V. M. , Cao S. , Redshaw C. , Lee J. , Wang M. M. , Mikhailova J. M. , Michel P. , Edwards M. R.
Published: January 2025

This Letter presents a spatial filter based on saturated absorption in
gas as an alternative to the solid pinhole in a lens–pinhole–lens
filtering system. We develop an analytic model that describes this
process and demonstrate spatial filtering with simulations and
experiments. We show that an ultraviolet laser pulse focused through
ozone will have its spatial profile cleaned if its peak fluence rises
above the ozone saturation fluence. Specifically, we demonstrate that
a 5 ns 266 nm beam with 4.2 mJ of the initial energy can be
effectively cleaned by focusing through a 1.4% ozone–oxygen mixture,
with about 76% of the main beam energy transmitted and 89% of the
sidelobe energy absorbed. This process can be adapted to other gases
and laser wavelengths, providing alignment-insensitive and
damage-resistant pinholes for high-repetition-rate high-energy
lasers.