bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of blower and HVLS fan in feedlot to performans of brahman, belmont red and charolais cattle
Authors: Yasin David Isaac , Tafsin Ma’ruf , Ginting Simon P
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of heat stress on Brahman Cross cattle performance which is maintained by feedlot with three treatments (non using fan, blower fan and HVLS fan) using split plot design, Giving the fan is treated as the main plot factor, while the cattle is treated as a plot factor factor (sub plot factor). Knowing the financial value of each treatment: feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed conversion, feed cost, cost per gain of Brahman, Belmont red and Charolais is fattened in feedlot. The result showed that using HVLS fan is most effective to cattle performance than blower fan and non using fan for belmont red and charolais cattle.
Human dimensions of gain and loss of plant species diversity surrounding oil palm plantations
Authors: Imantoko Farras , Sunkar Arzyana , Santosa Yanto
Published: August 2018

Changes in plants diversity occurring the establishment of oil palm plantations, have been considered as the reasons for the changing pattern in community livelihoods. Hence, the values of plants diversity to the local community worth considering. This research was conducted to identify the local communities’ perceptions related to gain and loss of plant species diversity due to the establishment of oil palm plantation. The study was carried out in the indigenous Dayak Villages of Tajok Kayong and Nanga Tayap, West Kalimantan Province of Indonesia in March 2018. Data were collected using field observation and interviews. Our results indicate that the establishment of oil palm plantation have resulted in the gain of 3 plant species and the loss of 8 plant species functional values (medicine and food). Nevertheless, as many as 75.68% of interviewed person stated that the presence of oil palm plantations increased plant diversity, in terms of flowering plants and other non-functional plants. These findings reveals that local community were not affected by the species loss since prior to the plantation’s establishment, their living patterns were already transformed into semi modern and modern living styles in which the people have lower dependence on their surrounding plants.
Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity and structure of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia obovate
Authors: Basyuni Mohammad , Baba Shigeyuki , Oku Hirosuke
Published: August 2018

Microsatellite loci were used for estimating genetic diversity and structure for three populations of B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata (Rhizophoracea) in Okinawa, Japan. Thirty propagules of individual samples representing the population of both species were genotyped at five microsatellites. The level of observed heterozygosity (HO) was observed for several population, overall loci, ranged 0.422-0.800 with an average 0.627 for B. gymnorrhiza and 0.477-0.822 with an average 0.665 for K. obovata, indicating both species had relatively low genetic diversity. Both species showed low levels of allelic diversity, 3-5 and 3-5 alleles per locus, respectively. Gene diversitywas also maintained within populations (HS: 0.741 and 0.954). Additionally, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on the immeasurable alleles model (F-statistics), for B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata found that most of the variation resided within individuals in the total populations, i.e. 79.78 % and 69.90 % respectively, and among individuals within populations, i.e.14.30 % and 27.95 % respectively. There was little variation between populations, i.e. 5.92 % and 2.15 % for B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata, respectively. The high-level genetic differentiation within individuals and populations both species may be due to the geographic range of the species, mating system, and environmental factors.
Standard contracts in bank credit agreements
Authors: Meher Montayana , Sirait Ningrum Natasya
Published: August 2018

The application of standard contracts in bank credit agreements have triggered many legal issues in questions. In banking practice, each bank provides a form of credit agreement that has been prepared in advance. The type of agreements known as standard agreements. Using standard agreement is often problematic. Problems encountered in the standard agreements are the validity of the standard agreements and the making of clauses or provisions which are unreasonably burdensome to the parties, especially the debtor, which is called the exoneration clause. The existing credit agreements in Indonesian banking system are so diverse, means there is no uniformity. Each bank produce or prepare its own rules with certain clauses that may impair the customers. There is a need for a legislation that regulates credit matters and it is expected that it contains rights and obligations of the parties in preparing the agreement.
Efficiency analysis of cotton production: a case study of gassol and lau local government of Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Bala Muhammad , Shamsudin Mad Nasir , Radam Alias , Latif dan Ismail Abd.
Published: August 2018

This Study analyzed the efficiency of cotton Production in Gassol and Lau Local Government Areas of Taraba State. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaires administered to 81 randomly selected farmers in the study areas and analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production function analysis. The result revealed that majority of farmers (67.9%) were young, mostly males (86.42%) and educated (86.41%). The result of the budgeting technique showed that the total revenue (TR), gross margin (GM), net Farm income (NFI) and Return on Investment (ROI) per hectare were N55, 108.70, N21, 128.70, N20, 008.70 and N0.62 respectively. The result of the stochastic frontier production analysis revealed that the variance parameter indicates positive and significant relationship at 5% level of probability for agro-chemicals and family labour at 1% level of probability for fertilizer, labour and farm size. Mean technical efficiency index was 0.77 while the minimum and maximum technical efficiency were 0.37 and 0.97 respectively. The study also identified that low price of cotton seed and high cost of inputs are the major challenges faced by cotton producers. The study recommended that inputs should be subsidized by the government and be channeled through the community leaders.
Settlement of Indonesian disorientation of democracy: perspective of legal culture
Authors: Syaputra Muhammad Yusrizal Adi , Nasution Mirza
Published: August 2018

The orientation of Indonesian democracy is the establishment of an Indonesian rule of law based on Pancasila. The disorientation of Indonesian Democracy caused the unstable political situation, uncontrolled freedom of press, uneven law enforcement. This situation has resulted in the low quality of democratic implementation in Indonesia compared to ASEAN countries. This research uses a normative juridical method with qualitative. The theory of “law is the spirit of the volk” which pioneered by von Savigny and the theory of legal system by Friedman will be the theoretical analysis in this research. Based on theory law is the spirit of the volk by Savigny, the current Indonesian state administration is not in accordance with the culture and history of the Indonesian nation. The cause of disorientation of democracy in Indonesia, first, the existence of cultural degradation of society. Second, the destruction of the legal and political system. Third, uncontrolled freedom of press. Pancasila as the volkgeist (spirit of the nation) of Indonesia should be the basic of state administration. Based on the legal system theory, the revitalization of Pancasila’s values and the legal culture education is the solution to resolve disorientation of Indonesian democracy.
Effectiveness of international fund in the implementation of child rights: CSO perspective
Authors: Sirait Ningrum Natasya , Rosmalinda
Published: August 2018

The fulfilment of child rights in Indonesia has been implemented by various parties including Community Social Organization (CSO). This study discusses the effectiveness of international fund in the implementation of child’s rights. Article 4 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) stated that state party will fulfil the rights of the child through international cooperation. CSOs with headquarters located in Medan, who manage the international funds in conducting children programs are acting as informants to this research. Depth interviews and Focus Group discussions were used as tools to obtain relevant information. The study figured out that CSOs had cooperation in implementation the child rights in Sumatera Utara Province. They cooperated with international agencies namely IOM, ACT-Japan and Catholic Relief Service. CSOs also manage to access international funds through (a) call for proposals and (b) establishing intensive communications with donor agencies. As conclusion, the use of international fund is proven to be effective based on (1) able to implement CSOs vision and mission, (2) CSOs are able to achieve program output, for example: palm oil company raise it awareness on child right and the impact to the children to access their education right especially in palm plantation area which is usually located in remote and isolated area.
Sustainability: Citarum River, government role on the face of SDGs (water and sanitation)
Authors: Belinawati Resha Ayu Putri , Soesilo Tri Edhi Budhi , Asteria Donna , Harmain Riza
Published: August 2018

Citarum River is one of the most polluted river in the word. The pollution is not only derived from plant waste, but also household waste to livestock. West Java Government has a policy to handle Citarum problems, called Citarum Bestari Program. Citarum Bestari expected to solve pollution problems in Citarum River. This paper seeks to attempt the position of the West Java Government policy in the face of SDGs, particularly in this research will using qualitative methods, which is supported by the concept of David Easton political system. The author would like to see any input that may affect the policy-making in the local government with a political ecology approach. Support and demand for local governments of West Java is quite a lot already, not only from the international community but also among local residents and NGOs. This happens because many environmental impacts that occurred lately, such as flooding. Pollution that occurred along the Citarum River should be of particular concern for the Government of West Java, takes a neutral policy and strict supervision. Not only policies that benefit one of the parties (producers) but also to the other party (the environment and society).
Juridical review on recruitment of foreign workers
Authors: Zulyadi Rizkan , Syaputra Muhammad Yusrizal Adi
Published: August 2018

Manpower development is an integral part of national development based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, which is implemented through the development of a reliable Indonesian workers for the realization of a prosperous Indonesian society. Manpower development must be fairly regulated so as to provide comprehensive protection for Indonesian workers. On March 26, 2018 President Jokowi signed the Presidential Regulation No. 20 of 2018 concerning Use of Foreign Workers, this regulation is considered to harm Indonesian workers. This research use a normative method and juridical approach with Theory of Popular Sovereignty by John Locke. Normative legal research is a research that discusses the legal aspect, by conducting library research in terms of comparative law or legal history oriented to the applicable laws and regulations. Based on Theory of Popular Sovereignty, Presidential Regulation 20 of 2018 contradictory to the Manpower Act especially about the Plan of Use of Foreign Workers. Even the regulation does not pay attention to the interests of the people to get a job and only prioritize the entry of investment to Indonesia.
Legal aid for person with disabilities in access to justice
Authors: Rosmalinda  , Arif
Published: August 2018

Some criminal cases took place in palm oil plantation and agriculture area as the crime scene. Unfortunately, the cases involved children and women. This paper discusses on the research results of a study on the development of legal aid model for marginal people including people with disabilities. There were two research questions namely the situation of PwD and how they access the justice. The data were collected through literature review and field study. There were 52 persons who participated in in-depth interview and 3 Focus Group Discussion. All informants are PwD and people who supported PwD. This study figured out a case of sexual harassment which located in palm oil plantation. The victim is a girl with hearing impairment. The result of the study shows that PwD could not access the justice due to the distance and lack of information concerning legal aid provider. Furthermore, data of PwD is not available properly either at the government office or Community Social Organization (CSO)
Uang tutup babah as a customary dispute resolution in gayonese community
Authors: Thani Shira , Syahrin Alvi
Published: August 2018

There are several customary sanctions which are often imposed in customary dispute resolutions in Gayonese community. One of them is uang tutup babah (hush money). It is a payment to resolve customary dispute between parties. However, it is not yet regulated in laws and regulations related to customary law. This paper will discuss the legal strength of decision of uang tutup babah in a customary dispute resolution and its impact. Theory of sociological jurisprudence, theory of harmonization and theory of criminalization were used in this study. In general, uang tutup babah means hush money. It is a customary dispute resolution in some customary communities in Gayo. Although the sanction, uang tutup babah, it is not yet regulated by law on customary institutions, it is often used by parties involved in the dispute to resolve their problem because it has a positive impact on communities. It is also believed that it gives a deterrent effect to the perpetrator. Since this has been done repeatedly and community accept it as a sanction, it should be included in the law to ensure that it gives legal certainty and has legal strength.
Technical efficiency of pesticide application on tomato, chinese cabbage and cauliflower in simpang empat sub-district Karo Regency
Authors: Fajar Ayu Sri , Aulia Destanul
Published: August 2018

Prior research by authors on the use of pesticides and their impact on 75 vegetable farmers in Simpang Empat subdistrict, Karo district, North Sumatra showed that 60% of respondents applied pesticides in excess of the packaging instructions. Respondents were also found not to use a complete protective device. Almost 70% of respondents have mild toxicity complaints, and based on blood cholinesterase levels are also found most respondents have mild toxicity. Pesticide residue test results also found 0.728 residues of chlorpyrifos and 0.321 profenofos in vegetables produced in this area. This led to continued review by checking the technical efficiency in the use of pesticides. The method used is a quantitative method with the Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) approach to analyze technical efficiency of pesticide on each commodity. The population is the whole vegetable farmer who grew tomatoes, Chinese cabbage and cauliflower at the time of the study. The entire population is used to be a sample of 35 tomato and cauliflower farmers and 20 Chinese cabbage farmers. The results of the study indicate that the uses of pesticide as production inputs on tomato commodities, Chinese cabbage and cauliflower are not technically efficient. It is suggested to farmers to use pesticide input according to the rules, proper dosage, on target, on time, the right way so that pesticide used is technically efficient.
The variation of bird diversity in different land cover at oil palm plantation: case study at Asm Oil Palm Estate in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Santosa Yanto , Sugiharti Windi , Erniwati
Published: August 2018

The expansion of oil palm plantation has been claimed as a major driver of biodiversity loss in the tropics, including birds. To date, only a few studies have been conducted to document the variation of bird diversity in different land cover within oil palm plantation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the research to investigate the variation of bird diversity. The objective of this study to identify the diversity of bird in different land cover within oil palm plantation. The observation of bird diversity was done in young stand of oil palm, old stand of oil palm, smallholder oil palm and in secondary forest as high stock carbon as natural reference before converting in to oil palm. The survey was done in August 2017 in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data of bird species were recorded by direct observation using transect method. To calculate the diversity value of birds at different land cover, we used Margalef Index (Dmg) and Comunity similarity (IS). The result showed that the number of species and species diversity was highest at high carbon stock area which the number of species was 25 species and Margalef Index was 5.99. The young stand of oil palm have the highest evenness index (0.93), while the highest similarity index was observed in old stand of oil palm and in smallholder oil palm. Our study concludes that the existence of high carbon stock areas within oil palm plantation had a positive influence in increasing bird diversity. From a conservation perspective, retaining of natural habitat such as high carbon stock within oil palm plantation is one strategy to conserve biodiversity.
The consumption of locally-produced foodstuff: an important parameter of the radiological exposure for population living in the vicinity of French nuclear facilities
Authors: Durand V. , Leclerc E. , Renaud Ph.
Published: August 2018

Either in normal or post-accidental situations, the ingestion of locally-produced foodstuffs, potentially contaminated, is one of the main exposures to the population living in the vicinity of nuclear facilities. For this reason, the French Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety has developed a specific methodology and has carried out surveys on dietary habits of some populations concerned. This study presents the methodology used for local food surveys, the amount consumed and how much food is produced locally. The results from the 6 surveys already done show that food surveys even if conducted with a specific aim as impact assessments provide further in-depth understanding of the food habits of local residents. There are still local specific population groups that have a high level of “home-consumption” for products more sensitive to contamination. For leafy vegetables and milk (products highly sensitive to contamination), home-consumption rates vary widely from one region to another from 76 to more than 90% and from 1 to 17% respectively. Specifically for the Andra survey carried out in a rural area in the North-East of France, self-sufficiency had reached 100% for a few products (game meat for example).
Ich sehe … was?
Authors: Michael Herzog HP , Jürgen Sengebusch HP
Published: August 2018

Bei Schwellungen der Haut können bereits sichtbare Merkmale wie Lokalisation, Größe, Form, Gefäßzeichnungen und Veränderungen des Hautkolorits erste Hinweise auf die Ursache geben.
Das Kleinhirn und sein Brückenwinkel
Authors: Magga Corts HP
Published: August 2018

An der Außenseite des Kleinhirns befindet sich eine Nische, der Kleinhirnbrückenwinkel, durch den mehrere Nerven verlaufen. In diesem Bereich können sich gutartige Tumoren bilden, zum Beispiel das Akustikusneurinom. Der Tumor kann je nach Größe Bereiche des Kleinhirnbrückenwinkels einengen und die dort verlaufenden Nerven komprimieren. Je nach betroffenem Nerv löst er verschiedene Symptome aus.
Accelerated Decline in Javelin Throwing Performance in Master Athletes 70 Years and Older – Do Changes in Technique Play a Role?
Authors: Ganse Bergita , Degens Hans
Published: August 2018

While many older adults are immobile and frail, others still participate in competitive sports. World records of javelin throw decrease with increasing age. It is, however, unknown 1) whether the decline is linear or, as in sprint performance, accelerates beyond the age of 69; and 2) to what extent frailty-related changes in throwing technique contribute to decreasing performance. We plotted current world records against age and assessed the performance of 27 male javelin throwers 69 years and older during three master athletics championships. Three to six throws were filmed, and the best throw of each athlete selected. A step-wise linear regression was applied to assess contributions of age, angle of release, angle of attitude, angle of attack and elbow angle just before the pull to performance. The ageing-related decline in javelin-throw performance accelerated after age 69. Age was the main predictor of performance (adjusted R2=0.68), with a small contribution of elbow angle (adjusted R2 increased to 0.76) and angle of attack (R2=0.82; all P<0.001) in the older athletes. None of the technique-related parameters correlated with age. Although the technique had some influence on javelin-throwing performance, the accelerated decline was not associated with a characteristic ageing-related change in technique.
Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Carbazoles, Benzo[c]carbazoles, and Phenanthrenes Through FeCl3-Mediated Cyclization of Triene Frameworks
Authors: Raju Potharaju , Mageshwaran Thiyagarajan , Ramalingam Bose , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu
Published: August 2018

A facile synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted carbazoles through electrocyclization of 2,3-divinylindoles using FeCl3 in DMF at reflux is reported. The methodology was found to be applicable for smooth transformation of 3-aryl-2-vinylindole as well as 2-styrylbiphenyl into the respective benzo[c]carbazole and phenanthrene.
Quantitative and Qualitative Pathogenetic Indices for Review of Data Derived from Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trials
Authors: Shah Rajesh
Published: August 2018

Introduction Analysis of data derived from homeopathic pathogenetic trials (HPTs, homeopathic drug provings) has been a challenge. Most parts of the homeopathic pharmacopeia were sourced from Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura (1825–1833), TF Allen's Encyclopedia (1874) and Constantine Hering's Materia Medica (1879–1891), well before randomised controlled trials were in use. As a result, such studies and their outcomes harbour a large risk of inclusion of unreliable symptoms.

Aims and Objective The main purpose of this article is to introduce Quantitative and Qualitative Pathogenetic Indices to improve the method of analysis of symptoms.

Materials and Methods The data from HPTs for human immunodeficiency virus nosode, hepatitis C nosode, capsaicin alkaloids (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) and hydroquinone (HQ) were extracted and analysed in terms of novel Qualitative and Quantitative Pathogenetic Indices. Taken into the consideration were the qualitative aspect of a symptom (i.e. its intensity), and the quantitative aspect by calculating the number of symptoms per volunteer per day. The pathogenetic effects and data evaluation indices were calculated for each HPT. A comparison was made of symptoms of verum versus placebo provers in terms of their quantity and quality.

Results Four HPTs involving 81 volunteers (56 on verum and 25 on placebo) generated 555 symptoms or pathogenetic effects (excluding run-in phase symptoms), of which 448 (81%) were reported by volunteers who were in the verum arm, and 107 (19%) were reported by volunteers on placebo. The overall mean incidence of pathogenetic effects for the four HPTs was thus 8 per verum prover and 4.28 per placebo prover. The corresponding mean Quantitative Pathogenetic Index was 0.23 symptoms per volunteer per day for the verum arm and 0.12 symptoms per volunteer per day for the placebo arm. The overall mean incidence of pathogenetic effects in the run-in phase was less. The overall mean Qualitative Pathogenetic Index (number of symptoms, of a given intensity, per volunteer per day) for the verum arm was 0.09 versus 0.05 for the placebo arm.

Conclusion The symptoms exhibited by volunteers in the verum arm were more numerous and more intense than those in the placebo arm. An innovative and logical method of reporting of symptoms and analysis has been introduced by the use of these pathogenetic indices, which can be used in future as measurement tools for analysis of data from HPTs.
Case Report on a Rare Disease in Lithuania: Congenital Chloride Diarrhea
Authors: Liaugaudiene Olga , Stoniene Dalia , Kucinskiene Ruta , Buffat Christophe , Asmoniene Virginija
Published: August 2018

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare disease, manifesting with secretory diarrhea and life-threatening electrolyte imbalance during infancy. The early diagnosis of CCD is therefore necessary for the adequate treatment. The long-term prognosis of properly managed CCD is favorable. We present a case of complicated CCD with necrotizing enterocolitis. The child was born to nonconsanguineous parents of Lithuanian origin. CCD was suspected due to watery diarrhea, progressive hypochloremia, and high fecal chlorides. Despite oral electrolytes being prescribed, volvulus of small intestine developed requiring several surgical interventions. The clinical diagnosis of CCD was confirmed by molecular genetic testing of SLC26A3, which revealed two Polish founder mutations in the DNA of the patient. The prevalence of CCD in Lithuanian neighbor Poland is approximately 1 in 200,000 live births. This is the first described case of CCD in Lithuania to our knowledge, leading to the suggestion that this disease may be underdiagnosed.
The Endoscopic Endonasal Management of Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas
Authors: Guaraldi Federica , Pasquini Ernesto , Frank Giorgio , Mazzatenta Diego , Zoli Matteo
Published: August 2018

Introduction The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) might seem an “unnatural” route for intradural lesions such as meningiomas. The aim of this study is to critically revise our management of anterior skull base meningiomas to consider, in what cases it may be advantageous.

Material and Methods Each consecutive case of anterior skull base meningioma operated on through an EEA or combined endoscopic–transcranial approach at our institution, between 2003 and 2017, have been included. Tumors were classified on the basis of their location and intra or extracranial extension. Follow-up consisted of an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and a clinical examination 3 months after the surgery and then repeated annually.

Results Fifty-seven patients were included. The most common location was the tuberculum sellae (62%), followed by olfactory groove (14%), planum sphenoidale (12%), and frontal sinus (12%). Among these, 65% were intracranial, 7% were extracranial, and 28% both intra and extracranial. Radical removal was achieved in 44 cases (77%). Complications consisted in 10 CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) leaks (17.6%), 1 overpacking (1.7%), and 1 asymptomatic brain ischemia (1.7%). Visual acuity and campimetric deficits improved respectively in 67 and 76% of patients. Recurrence rate was of 14%.

Conclusions EEA presents many advantages in selected cases of anterior skull base meningioma. However, it is hampered by the relevant risk of CSF leak. We consider that it could be advantageous for planum/tuberculum sellae tumors. Conversely, for olfactory groove or frontal sinus meningiomas, it can be indicated for tumors with extracranial extension, while its role is still debatable for purely intracranial forms as considering our surgical results, it could be advantageous for midline planum/tuberculum sellae tumors. Conversely, it can be of first choice for olfactory groove or frontal sinus meningiomas with extracranial extension, while its role for purely intracranial forms is still debatable.
Strain effects on the magnetic order of epitaxial FeRh thin films
Authors: Kumar H. , Cornejo D. R. , Morelhao S. L. , Kycia S. , Montellano I. M. , Álvarez N. R. , Alejandro G. , Butera A.
Published: August 2018

In this work, we report the experimental results obtained on a set of ∼90 nm thick FeRh epitaxial films deposited on MgO (001), MgO (111), and Al2O3 (0001) single crystal substrates. The magnetic characterization was achieved by measuring magnetization curves and ferromagnetic resonance as a function of temperature and orientation of the films with respect to the applied magnetic field. We discuss our results by comparing the characteristics of the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition among FeRh films of the same thickness but exposed to different post-growth annealings and deposited on substrates of different crystalline orientations. We have found that there is a correlation between the strain present in the films and their magnetic behavior, observing that a change in the in-plane stress from compressive to tensile tends to shift the magnetic transition by more than 60 K. The interplay between magnetic and elastic properties was further analyzed by ferromagnetic resonance, and we have found that the magnetoelastic component of the anisotropy varies from out-of-plane to in-plane, depending on the substrate. These findings could be of great importance if a precise tuning of the magnetic transition temperature or the magnetic anisotropy is needed for a specific application.
A hexagonal-framed magnetoelectric composite for magnetic vector measurement
Authors: PourhosseiniAsl Mohammad Javad , Chu Zhaoqiang , Gao Xiangyu , Dong Shuxiang
Published: August 2018

In this work, a multi-terminal hexagonal-framed magnetoelectric composite (HFMEC) made of amorphous FeBSi alloy (Metglas) ribbons and three sandwiched [011]-oriented PMN-PT single-crystal fibers (Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3) arranged with a 120° interval is presented, and the directional magnetoelectric (ME) effect of the HFMEC operating in the L-T mode under a constant-amplitude AC magnetic field is investigated. It is found that the HFMEC exhibits threefold symmetric directional ME coupling in response to an applied in-plane DC magnetic field HDC, while each ME terminal shows a twofold symmetry due to the magnetization and demagnetization effect of HDC. Moreover, a valid formula for calculating the angular direction of the magnetic field is also presented. It is further revealed that the HFMEC exhibits a “V” shaped ME voltage output as a response to HDC due to the geomagnetic field (HGeo) effect, and the knee point of the curve literally reveals the magnitude of local HGeo, while the direction of HDC indicates a reverse direction of HGeo. The proposed HFMEC provides a great potential for a vector magnetometer as well as geomagnetic sensor application.
Utilizing magnetic field to study the impact of intramolecular charge transfers on the open-circuit voltage of organic solar cells
Authors: Wei Mengmeng , Wang Zhongxuan , Wen Zhenchuan , Hao Xiaotao , Qin Wei
Published: August 2018

Improving the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells is the essential theme for future application. Open-circuit voltage (Voc) loss of photovoltaic devices is a serious problem preventing performance enhancement. Here, in block copolymer based photovoltaic devices, we study intramolecular charge transfer (intra-CT) states dependent Voc loss (Vloss) through involving multi-beam excitation together with the magnetic field. Along with generating substantial intra-CT states in organic solar cells, the performance of Voc is improved. Magnetic field could increase triplet intra-CT states in copolymer to further decrease Vloss. Furthermore, intra-CTs could result in larger charge dissociation to induce photoluminescence quenching. Overall, we observe that intra-CT states in block copolymer play an important role for the Voc performance in organic solar cells.
Temperature behavior of graphene conductance induced by piezoelectric effect in a ferroelectric substrate
Authors: Morozovska Anna N. , Kurchak Anatolii I. , Zemska Zhanna G. , Lukowiak Anna , Strikha Maksym V.
Published: August 2018

Graphene on a ferroelectric can be a promising candidate to create advanced field effect transistors, modulators, and electrical transducers. Recently, we have shown that alternating “up” and “down” piezoelectric displacement of the ferroelectric domain surfaces can lead to the increase in graphene channel conductance at room temperature because of the partial separation of the graphene channel from the ferroelectric substrate. The change in graphene conductance caused by the piezoelectric effect requires systematic studies of ambient conditions impact on its manifestations. This theoretical work studies the temperature behavior of the graphene conductance changes induced by piezoelectric effect in a ferroelectric substrate with the domain structure. We revealed the possibility of increasing up to 100 times the conductance of the graphene channel on the ferroelectric substrate by changing the ambient temperature for a given gate voltage and channel length. The obtained results can open the way towards advanced applications of graphene on ferroelectric in piezo-resistive memories operating in a wide temperature range.
Variable location channels to improve efficiency and precision for direct ∇T
e measurements and high spatial resolution T
e-profile measurements using electron cyclotron emission
Authors: Houshmandyar S. , Austin M. E. , Brookman M. W. , Liu Y. , Rowan W. L. , Zhao H.
Published: August 2018

Electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostics that use variable location channels based on yttrium iron garnet (YIG) bandpass filters improve the precision and the efficiency of measurements of electron temperature (Te) profiles and fluctuations (δTe). These variable frequency filters were substituted for fixed frequency filters in the intermediate frequency section to achieve the required higher resolution over a target radial range, just before the experiment. Here, we present the proof-of-principle for high temporal resolution measurement of the electron temperature gradient, via real-time slewing of a YIG filter for relocation of an ECE channel during a long pulse. The key component is the application of YIG tunable filters with their narrow bandwidth and capability for a high slew rate of their center frequency. This application permits fast relocation of the ECE channels for direct measurement of the gradient and close spacing of channels to investigate the magnetic island’s dynamic behavior.
Maxwell-Boltzmann versus non-ergodic events in the velocity distribution of water molecules evaporated from protonated water nanodroplets
Authors: Berthias F. , Feketeová L. , Abdoul-Carime H. , Calvo F. , Farizon B. , Farizon M. , Märk T. D.
Published: August 2018

Measurement of velocity distributions of evaporated water monomers from small mass- and energy-selected protonated water clusters allows probing the extent of thermalization after excitation of these ultimately small nanodroplets. Electronic excitation of a molecule in the cluster is here induced by a single collision with an argon atom in the keV energy range. The measured velocity distributions of the departing neutral molecules exhibit bimodal shapes with a lower-velocity part consistent with a complete redistribution of the deposited energy in the entire cluster and a higher-velocity contribution corresponding to evaporation before complete energy redistribution. Statistical molecular dynamics calculations reproduce the bimodal shape of the velocity distributions by assuming an initial spreading of the excitation energy among all modes, thereby reproducing the lower velocity contribution of the distribution. By contrast, assuming the deposited energy to be initially localized among the modes of a single molecule leads to calculated distributions with two components whose shape is in accordance with the experimental results. The characteristics and the relative abundance of these two contributions in the velocity distributions obtained are presented and discussed as a function of the number of molecules (n = 2-10) in the ionized nanodroplet H+(H2O)n.
Imaging divertor strike point splitting in RMP ELM suppression experiments in the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Moyer R. A. , Bykov I. , Orlov D. M. , Evans T. E. , Lee J. S. , Teklu A. M. , Fenstermacher M. E. , Makowski M. , Lasnier C. J. , Wang H. Q. , Watkins J. G. , Wu W.
Published: August 2018

Fast visible imaging of the lower divertor from above is used to study the structure and dynamics of lobes induced by resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in Edge-Localized Mode (ELM) suppression experiments in DIII-D. The best compromise between the amount of light and sharp imaging was obtained using emission at 601 nm from Fulcher band molecular deuterium. Multiple spatially resolved peaks in the D2 emission, taken as a proxy for the particle flux, are readily resolved during RMPs, in contrast to the heat flux measured by infrared cameras, which shows little spatial structure in ITER-like conditions. The 25 mm objective lens provides high spatial resolution (2–4 mm/pixel) from the centerpost to the outer shelf over 40° toroidally that overlaps the field of view of the IRTV that measures the divertor heat flux, allowing direct comparison in non-axisymmetric discharges. The image is coupled to a Phantom 7.3 camera using a Schott wound fiber bundle, providing high temporal resolution that allows the lobe dynamics to be resolved between ELMs and across ELM suppression onset. These measurements are used to study the heat and particle flux in 3D magnetic fields and to validate models for the plasma response to RMPs.
How synaptic plasticity influences spike synchronization and its transitions in complex neuronal network
Authors: Yao ZhiLin , Yang XiaoLi , Sun ZhongKui
Published: August 2018

There is evidence that synaptic plasticity is a vital feature of realistic neuronal systems. This study, describing synaptic plasticity by a modified Oja learning rule, focuses on the effect of synapse learning rate on spike synchronization and its relative transitions in a Newman-Watts small-world neuronal network. The individual dynamics of each neuron is modeled by a simple Rulkov map that produces spiking behavior. Numerical results have indicated that large coupling can lead to a spatiotemporally synchronous pattern of spiking neurons; in addition, this kind of spike synchronization can emerge intermittently by turning information transmission delay between coupled neurons. Interestingly, with the advent of synaptic plasticity, spike synchronization is gradually destroyed by increasing synapse learning rate; moreover, the phenomenon of intermittent synchronization transitions becomes less and less obvious and it even disappears for relative larger learning rate. Further simulations confirm that spike synchronization as well as synchronization transitions is largely independent of network size. Meanwhile, we detect that large shortcuts probability can facilitate spike synchronization, but it is disadvantageous for delay-induced synchronization transitions.
Turbulence level effects on conventional reflectometry using 2D full-wave simulations
Authors: Vicente J. , da Silva F. , Heuraux S. , Conway G. D. , Silva C. , Ribeiro T.
Published: August 2018

Numerical simulations are critical in improving the capabilities of microwave diagnostics. In this work, the 2D finite-difference time-domain full-wave code REFMUL was applied to broadband turbulent plasmas using the conventional reflectometry setup. Simulations were performed with O-mode waves, fixed frequency probing, and I/Q detection. The plasma density, determining O-mode propagation, was modeled as the sum of a slab background plasma with a fluctuating component following a Kolmogorov-like amplitude k-spectrum. The density turbulence level δne/ne was scanned over several orders of magnitude for simulated plasma flows of constant plasma velocity in either the radial or the poloidal direction. Simulations show trends, such as spectral broadening of the complex A(t)eiφ(t) signals and increasing fluctuations in A(t) and φ(t) with increasing δne/ne, that are similar for both plasma flow directions. These together with possibilities to reconstruct a poloidal wavenumber spectrum are discussed in view of extending the measuring capabilities. The onset of non-linear effects associated with phase runaway, as previously observed with other 1D and 2D codes, as well as radial Doppler effects is also observed and discussed.
On the Rayleigh–Kuo criterion for the tertiary instability of zonal flows
Authors: Zhu Hongxuan , Zhou Yao , Dodin I. Y.
Published: August 2018

This paper reports the stability conditions for intense zonal flows (ZFs) and the growth rate γTI of the corresponding “tertiary” instability (TI) within the generalized Hasegawa–Mima plasma model. The analytical calculation extends and revises Kuo's analysis of the mathematically similar barotropic vorticity equation for incompressible neutral fluids on a rotating sphere [H.-L. Kuo, J. Meteor. 6, 105 (1949)]; then, the results are applied to the plasma case. An error in Kuo's original result is pointed out. An explicit analytical formula for γTI is derived and compared with numerical calculations. It is shown that, within the generalized Hasegawa–Mima model, a sinusoidal ZF is TI-unstable if and only if it satisfies the Rayleigh–Kuo criterion (known from geophysics) and that the ZF wave number exceeds the inverse ion sound radius. For non-sinusoidal ZFs, the results are qualitatively similar. As a corollary, there is no TI in the geometrical-optics limit, i.e., when the perturbation wavelength is small compared to the ZF scale. This also means that the traditional wave kinetic equation, which is derived under the geometrical-optics assumption, cannot adequately describe the ZF stability.
Imputation of faulty magnetic sensors with coupled Bayesian and Gaussian processes to reconstruct the magnetic equilibrium in real time
Authors: Joung Semin , Kim Jaewook , Kwak Sehyun , Park Kyeo-reh , Hahn S. H. , Han H. S. , Kim H. S. , Bak J. G. , Lee S. G. , Ghim Y.-c.
Published: August 2018

A Bayesian with Gaussian process-based numerical method to impute a few missing magnetic signals caused by impaired magnetic probes during tokamak operations is developed such that the real-time reconstruction of magnetic equilibria, whose performance strongly depends on the measured magnetic signals and their intactness, is affected minimally. Likelihood of the Bayesian model constructed with Maxwell’s equations, specifically Gauss’s law for magnetism and Ampère’s law, results in an infinite number of solutions if two or more magnetic signals are missing. This undesirable characteristic of the Bayesian model is remediated by coupling the model with the Gaussian process. Our proposed numerical method infers nine non-consecutive missing magnetic signals correctly in less than 1 ms suitable for the real-time reconstruction of magnetic equilibria during tokamak operations.
A dust particle based technique to measure potential profiles in a plasma
Authors: Arora Garima , Bandyopadhyay P. , Hariprasad M. G. , Sen A.
Published: August 2018

A simple approach to measure the potential profile in a plasma based on the visualization of charged tracer dust particles is reported. This method is used to experimentally determine the potential around a grounded wire that is mounted on the cathode of a DC glow discharge. Argon plasma is produced in a Π-shaped Dusty Plasma Experimental device. The tracer particles, consisting of a few micron sized mono-dispersive melamine formaldehyde grains, are made to flow over the grounded wire by suitable variations in the background gas flow. By a visual tracking of the individual particle trajectories, which yields their positions and velocities at various times, the potential values at these positions are directly estimated by using energy conservation arguments. The results agree very well with conventional probe based measurements. The technique is free of some of the inherent limitations of probe based diagnostics and offers a direct and minimally invasive means of visualizing potential profiles in a plasma.
Resonance compensating chirp mode for mapping the rheology of live cells by high-speed atomic force microscopy
Authors: Schächtele Marc , Hänel Erik , Schäffer Tilman E.
Published: August 2018

We developed resonance compensating chirp mode (RCCM), an atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique to measure the frequency dependence of the complex shear modulus of live cells over a large bandwidth (quasi-) continuously. RCCM works by applying a continuous frequency sweep (chirp) to the z-scanner and recording the resulting cantilever deflection at high speed. From this data, the frequency-resolved complex shear modulus is extracted. To reach a high maximum frequency, we iteratively shaped the chirp signal to compensate for scanner resonances. This allowed us to measure at frequencies five times higher than the resonant frequency of the scanner. Using a high-speed AFM with small cantilevers, we measured the complex shear modulus of live fibroblast cells in a continuous range between 5 Hz and 30 kHz. We found that the modulus and the loss tangent exhibit a power-law behavior throughout this frequency range. A short chirp duration of 200 ms allowed us to map live cells and generate spatially resolved images of the power-law parameters within minutes. These maps represent a unique combination of high spatial and frequency resolution, low measurement duration, and high maximum frequency.
Modeling of a reactor with exothermic reaction bounded by two concentric cylinders
Authors: Roy Nepal C.
Published: August 2018

A model is developed to investigate the natural convection flow in a reactor bounded by two concentric cylinders. Using a simple transformation, the governing equations for a rectangular closed domain are transformed into a system of equations which are valid for a reactor of concentric annulus. These equations have been solved using an implicit finite difference method. Numerical solutions reveal that two counter-rotating vortices are built up in each half of the annulus. The clockwise flow circulation in the inner vortex and the anticlockwise flow circulation in the outer vortex are found in the left half of the annulus. However, the reverse characteristics are observed in the right half of the annulus. The remarkable results are that the concentric characteristics of isotherms are not maintained for higher values of the Frank-Kamenetskii number, Rayleigh number, and outer radius of the annulus. In this case, a local maximum value of the Nusselt number at the inner cylinder wall is identified at the bottom of the annulus. For a fixed value of the Rayleigh number and outer radius of the annulus, an explosion occurred in the system for a higher value of the Frank-Kamenetskii number. With the increase of the Rayleigh number, the critical limit of the Frank-Kamenetskii number for the explosion of the system is found to increase. On the contrary, it significantly reduces owing to the increase of the outer radius of the annulus.