bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação aberta pelos pares no âmbito da Ciência Aberta
Authors: Shintaku Milton , Fagundes de Brito Ronnie , Seabra Ferreira Jr. Rui , Barraviera Benedito
Published: September 2020

As Ciências mudam e evoluem constantemente seus processos. Dentre eles, destaca-se o movimento de abertura, o qual se distingue em face da pressão maciça da Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). A Ciência Aberta tem se mostrado a mais impactante por englobar várias iniciativas, sendo a Avaliação Aberta pelos Pares o maior desafio. O presente estudo teve por objetivos levantar e analisar a literatura disponível sobre a Avaliação Aberta pelos Pares a fim de identificar conceitos e tendências e apoiar os editores na discussão sobre essa nova modalidade proposta. A avaliação aberta pelos pares ainda se apresenta como um desafio para todos os envolvidos na editoração científica. Apesar das vantagens teóricas, a avaliação duplo-cega reina absoluta, ainda se questionando se tanto o avaliado quanto o avaliador devem se conhecer. A abertura das ciências é um processo aparentemente irreversível, embora esteja enfrentando muita resistência pelos produtores do conhecimento científico. A implantação da avaliação aberta permitirá, em futuro breve, o acompanhamento e a avaliação deste processo, o que culminará com procedimentos transparentes e fornecerá novos subsídios tanto para os editores quanto para os avaliadores/avaliados.
The independence and impartiality of the hybrid CETA Investment Court System: Reflections in the aftermath of Opinion 1/17
Authors: Fanou Maria
Published: September 2020

In its recent Opinion 1/17, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) examined the compatibility of an external judicial body, the Investment Court System (ICS) under the EU–Canada Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement (CETA), with EU law. At a time when judicial independence has arisen as one of the main challenges for the rule of law in the EU, this article discusses the Court’s findings in relation to the compatibility of the ICS with the right of access to an independent and impartial tribunal.
Social pedagogical perspectives on fidelity to a manual: Professional principles and dilemmas in everyday expertise
Authors: Harbo Lotte Junker , Kemp Robyn
Published: September 2020

Manualised interventions, in use across the UK for decades and increasingly in use in Denmark, aim to support change through professional practitioners following detailed prescriptions of what they must do to affect a particular change in the target group. Social pedagogy, a strong professional tradition in Denmark and an emerging profession in the UK, takes an approach that responds to the individual’s experience of the immediate situation, seeks to nurture relational opportunities and to empower people to fully participate in their lives and society. Harbo’s research reveals that this approach can be at odds with manualised interventions for a variety of reasons. A social pedagogically informed programme has been developed in London that uses a clear ethical stance and key theories as its foundation, and upon which structures have been developed, but no manual. This article explores the use of these manualised and non-manualised interventions in Denmark and the UK and the roles of social pedagogues in supporting change through programmatic interventions. Harbo’s doctoral research findings on practice surrounding the highly prescriptive manual Aggression Replacement Training in Denmark (Harbo, 2019) is explored alongside Kemp’s reflections on the social pedagogically informed Family Learning Intervention Programme in England, examining the tensions and synergies that emerge around each programme when they meet reality and the individual characteristics of day-to-day situations. The perspectives presented emerge from practice research and reflections, and as such are based in an experiential research tradition. Finally, we draw together our learning and openings for further research and policy development.
Mobilidade cotidiana campo-cidade dos moradores do distrito de Cipolândia - Aquidauana/MS
Authors: Lordano Geovandir André , Jóia Paulo Roberto
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as motivações para a mobilidade cotidiana campo-cidade dos moradores do distrito de Cipolândia, município de Aquidauana/MS, e sua relação com a estrutura interna de equipamentos urbanos. A pesquisa tem abordagem quali/quantitativa e, metodologicamente, foi dividida em duas etapas: pesquisa de gabinete (coleta dos dados secundários); e pesquisa de campo, com observação direta, realização de entrevistas e aplicação de formulários. Os resultados revelam que os principais motivos para a mobilidade cotidiana à cidade são a realização de compras para casa e compras pessoais, a realização de consultas ou exames médicos, o recebimento de pagamento ou aposentadoria e o pagamento de contas. Motivações que se relacionam diretamente com a (in) satisfação dos moradores com a estrutura interna do distrito, sendo os equipamentos de comércio para compras para casa e pessoais, de serviços bancários e de lazer, esporte e recreação, os mais deficitários no atendimento aos moradores. Ademais, atividades como visitar parentes ou amigos, comprar combustível, realizar manutenção de veículo e ir à cidade apenas para levar alguém também são desenvolvidas, cotidianamente, por parte dos moradores em seus deslocamentos à cidade.
Gregory of Nazianzus’ Trinitarian Argument in Oration 23
Authors: Bray Dennis
Published: September 2020

In his Third Oration on Peace Gregory of Nazianzus seeks to refute Eunomian claims that the Son and Spirit do not proceed from God’s essence and, therefore, are not fully divine. To do so, Gregory modifies a piece of triadic speculation – used by Origen and others – to fit his particular polemical and doctrinal needs. My aim in this study is to give an exposition of Gregory’s argument. After outlining the main points of Eunomius’ view of the Son’s deity, I investigate the four dilemmas that compose Gregory’s anti-Eunomian argument. The argument is negative insofar as it attacks Eunomius’ brand of trinitarianism directly. Even so, in the wider rhetorical context of Oration 23 this argument leads naturally into a positive account of the Father’s essential production of the Son and Holy Spirit. I conclude by detailing some of the main moves of this positive trinitarian theology.
Is Subordinationism a Heresy?
Authors: Edwards Mark
Published: September 2020

The modern resurgence of orthodoxy in Anglican circles takes as its cardinal tenet the eternal coinherence of three persons in the one Godhead, equal in substance, rank and power. This is assumed to be the doctrine of the Nicene Council of 325, and the putative heresy that denies it is known by the term subordinationism. Although the ample lexicon of Greek heresiology supplies no clear antecedent for this term, the charge of subordinationism is thought to imperil any claim to be teaching in the catholic tradition, even if the teacher is Barth or Rahner. The confidence with which these accusations are levelled, however, seems to be in an inverse ratio to the accuser’s knowledge of history, for neither in New Testament scholarship nor at the cutting edge of the modern study of patristics will one find much evidence that subordinationism is even an anomaly, let alone an aberration from the biblical or conciliar norm. It is only in modern theology, not in the writings of empirical historians, that the Gorgon’s head of Arius is held up to those who question the strict equality of persons. At the same time, we must not forget that the systematician’s reading of Nicaea was until recently also that of the historian. No doubt the reason is partly that until the last half–century every historian was also a confessional theologian; but there is also a certain truth in the older approach so long as some pains are taken to define “subordination”.
Etnofarmacología, bioactividad y fitoquímica de Maxillaria densa Lindl. Revisión científica y biocomercio en el neotrópico
Authors: Radice Matteo , Scalvenzi Laura , Gutierrez del Pozo Diego
Published: September 2020

Maxillaria densa es una orquídea oriunda de América Central extendida en alta montaña y bosques húmedos. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar un análisis crítico sobre etnofarmacología, fitoquímica y farmacología de la especie, enfocándose en su potencial para el biocomercio. Para encontrar sus compuestos bioactivos fueron exploradas las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus, SciELO y SciFinder, Sciencedirect, Springer, la editorial Elsevier y webs especializadas, de esta manera se confirmó cuáles son los compuestos y propiedades de esta planta. M. densa es usada tradicionalmente para el tratamiento de dolores estomacales, como antidiarreico y antiespasmódico. Los extractos obtenidos de M. densa muestran la presencia de seis principios activos derivados del fenantreno, un hidrocarburo policíclico aromático. Los estudios de actividad biológica realizados han evidenciado efectos espasmolíticos, antinociceptivos y relajantes. M. densa crece en cultivos de café bajo sombra, que son considerados sistemas de producción sostenibles, aumentando las posibilidades de negocios verdes por agricultores locales. A partir de los hallazgos mencionados, M. densa presenta un potencial como fuente de moléculas bioactivas y como flor ornamental, abriendo una nueva perspectiva en el ámbito de la bioeconomía.
THE USE OF FORCE PLATFORM FOR AFTER STROKE REHABILITATION
Authors: Kaerova E , Zhuravskaya N , Shakirova O , Stebliy T , Popik S
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article deals with searching for the new effective methods of physical rehabilitation in stroke patients. Materials and Methods. The program of physical rehabilitation involved 42 patients aged from 30 to 80 years with the consequences of ischemic stroke in the early reco­very period (up to six months), movement disorders, imbalances and postural disorders, reduced self-care capacity and mobility, reduced quality of life. The program included exercises with balancing platforms and training sessions on a force platform with biofeedback. Results. Comparative analysis revealed the positive dynamics of the balance function and balance when walking. The area of the center of pressure and its oscillations measured in the frontal and sagittal planes changed significantly, the velocity of the center of pressure, the maximum amplitude in the frontal plane, and the area of the statokinesiogram decreased. Conclusion. Comprehensive physical rehabilitation with balancing platforms and training on a force platform in the early recovery period helps to improve motor skills and balance, as well as to improve the quality of life and mobility of stroke patients.
THE FUNCTIONAL READINESS OF ATHLETES FROM CYCLIC SPORTS
Authors: Kornyakova V , Badtieva V , Сonway V
Published: September 2020

Aim. The study aims at assessing the functional status of highly skilled athletes from track-and-field and ski sports and determining fatigue criteria. Materials and methods. Highly skilled track-and-field athletes (43) and skiers (16) underwent examination at the preparatory stage of a training cycle. The functional readiness of athletes was assessed using questionnaires, anthropometric, physiological and biochemical research methods. Results. According to the medical history and questionnaire data, all athletes were divided into two groups: the first group included subjects without any signs of fatigue, the second group comprised athletes with fatigue complaints. In athletes with fatigue complaints, increased heart rate was recorded both at rest and after the recovery period; physical efficiency reduced by 28 %, maximum oxygen consumption – by 17.7 %. Heart rate variability in these athletes demonstrates the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and increased stress index of the regulatory systems. Glutathione content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were lower in the erythrocytes of the second group. Some alterations in physiological and biochemical data of the second group demonstrated the presence of physical fatigue. Conclusion. 37.3 % of athletes from cyclic sports experienced any fatigue. The data of antioxidant protection, physical efficiency, maximum oxygen consumption and heart rate variabi­lity can be used for a comprehensive assessment of functional readiness and physical fatigue in athletes.
RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALADAPTIVE REACTIONS TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF PHYSICAL LOAD IN MIDDLE-AGED MEN
Authors: Dorontsev A , Svetlichkina A
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article is aimed at assessing the risks for developing pathological reactions to different types of physical activity in middle-aged men. Materials and methods. A comprehensive study of 34 men was conducted, of which 19 people performed strength exercises and 15 people practiced sport in swimming groups. The following data were studied: official data of the clinical examination, indicators of an electrocardiographic study of the cardiovascular system, data of functional tests, anthropometric indicators, data of magnetic resonance imaging. All participants underwent an annual medical examination. Functional tests were performed on a treadmill (Matrix USA) with parallel ECG recording (Cardiovit AT-101, Schiller, Switzerland). The development of physical qualities was assessed at three control points: at the beginning of the study, at 6 and 9 months of the study. Statistical processing was carried out using standard methods of variation statistics (Statistica 10.0 USA). Result. Almost the entire sample had pathological changes in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system, which created a significant risk of maladaptation to physical activity. Strength exercises in some cases provoked an increase in blood pressure (BP) to maximum values, resulted in pain in the vertebral region and injuries of the capsular ligamentous structures. The training sessions in the swimming groups were characterized by the absence of a risk to the regulatory adaptive systems of the body, which allowed to increase the reserves of the cardiorespiratory system. Conclusion. Strength exercises for middle-aged men impose significant risks to health, while swimming is an effective means for developing physical qualities and increasing the functional reserves of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
FEATURES OF TRAINING HOCKEY PLAYERS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT AT THE STAGE OF SPORTS SPECIALIZATION
Authors: Rumyantseva E , Abzalov N , Tsvetkov S
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article aims to experimentally test the methodology for the development of the main physical qualities in hockey players with hearing impairment in their first and second year of training. Materials and methods. The study involved 38 young hockey players at  the stage of sports specialization with hearing loss of 55 dB, which corresponds to an average and high degree of hearing loss. The experiment took place on the premises of the sports school for children and youth of the Gornyak Sports Club (Uchaly, Bashkortostan Republic) and Sports School No 3 named after M.M. Azamatova (Ufa, Bashkortostan Republic). In the control groups, training was carried out in accordance with the traditional ice hockey program developed in compliance with the Federal Standard. Our methodology was included in the training program of hockey players of the experimental group. The main training load was chosen in accordance with the sports school program. Results. Features of the sports training of hockey players with hearing impairment were established, which served as the basis for the development of methods for increasing their physical fitness and the formation of adaptive-compensatory responses of the body in the first and second years of training. The latter are associated with their specific morphofunctional features resulted from damage to the auditory analyzer and secondary changes in the psychoemotional status and functional systems of the body manifested in impaired coordination abilities and a lag in the development of speed-strength and speed qualities. The main physical qualities and their most significant components for adolescent hockey players with hearing impairment in the first and second years of training were identified. Conclusion. Our methodo­logy for training hockey players with hearing impairment aimed at the development of the main physical qualities and their components contributed to improving the coordination abilities of young hockey players, as well as their ability to maintain a vertical posture, dynamic and static balance. Hockey players of the experimental group better acquired the correct rhythm pattern of motor actions, showed better results in tests for the differentiation of muscle effort, intermuscular coordination and the ability to arbitrarily control muscle tension and relaxation.
PENGARUH PERENDAMAN DALAM TEH HIJAU DAN TEH HITAM TERHADAP KADAR AIR, KADAR LEMAK, KADAR PROTEIN, DAN MUTU HEDONIK TELUR ITIK REBUS
Authors: Kurniati Dwitya , Bintoro Valentinus Priyo , Dwiloka Bambang
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang : Telur itik merupakan bahan pangan asal hewani yang memiliki kandungan zat gizi lengkap. Selain kandungan protein tinggi, kandungan lemak dalam telur itik juga cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu perendaman dalam teh hijau dan teh hitam diharapkan mampu menurunkan kadar lemak dengan adanya katekin dalam teh, serta tanin teh yang bersifat menyamak kulit telur diharapkan mampu memberikan warna yang menarik, mencegah penguapan air pada telur dan mencegah masuknya bakteri maupun kapang pada telur.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan mutu hedonik dari telur itik rebus dengan perendaman dalam teh hijau dan teh hitam.Metode : Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 7 kali pengulangan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 perlakuan berupa perbedaan jenis larutan perendaman yang meliputi T0:kontrol, T1:teh hijau, dan T2:teh hitam. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu Analisis of Varian (ANOVA) pada taraf signifikansi 5%.Hasil : Hasil menunjukkan bahwa telur itik rebus dengan perendaman dalam teh hijau dan teh hitam  memberi pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kandungan kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, tekstur, dan overall.Simpulan: Perlakuan perendaman dalam teh hijau memberikan hasil terbaik karena dapat menurunkan kadar air, kadar lemak, dan mempengaruhi tekstur telur itik rebus.
KAITAN STUNTING DENGAN FREKUENSI DAN DURASI PENYAKIT INFEKSI PADA ANAK USIA 24-59 BULAN DI KECAMATAN SEDAYU, KABUPATEN BANTUL
Authors: Sahitarani Agustina Swastika , Paramashanti Bunga Astria , Sulistiyawati Sulistiyawati
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang: Stunting pada balita perlu menjadi perhatian khusus karena dapat menghambat perkembangan fisik dan mental anak. Stunting juga dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko kesakitan dan kematian, serta gangguan perkembangan lainnya.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan stunting dengan frekuensi dan durasi penyakit infeksi pada anak berusia 24-59 bulan di Kecamatan Sedayu, Kabupaten Bantul.Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Variabel dalam penelitian ini meliputi stunting pada anak bulan sebagai variabel bebas, serta frekuensi dan durasi penyakit infeksi sebagai variabel terikat. Subjek penelitian yaitu sebanyak 185 anak dan dipilih berdasarkan metode Probability Proporsionate to Size (PPS). Kriteria inklusi yaitu anak usia antara 24-59 bulan yang terdaftar dalam posyandu pada bulan Februari 2017, sedangkan kriteria ekslusi yaitu anak yang tidak hadir di posyandu saat penelitian berlangsung. Uji statistic deskriptif dan kai kuadrat dilakukan dalam penelitian ini.Hasil: Tiga puluh persen anak menderita stunting dimana 21% memiliki riwayat ISPA, 31% memiliki riwayat diare dan 12% memiliki riwayat pneumonia dalam kurun waktu tiga bulan terakhir. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara stunting dengan frekuensi diare, frekuensi ISPA, dan frekuensi pneumonia. Tidak ada hubungan yag bermakna antara stunting dan durasi diare, durasi ISPA, dan durasi pneumonia.Simpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara stunting dengan frekuensi dan durasi penyakit infeksi. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa kemungkinan terdapat faktor lain yang berkontribusi terhadap morbiditas akut seperti asupan gizi, akses ke fasilitas kesehatan, kondisi lingkungan dan penyebab sosial ekonomi pada anak usia 24-59 bulan.
Hubungan Lingkar Pinggang Dan Rasio Lingkar Pinggang-Panggul (RLPP) Terhadap Kadar Gula Puasa pada Mahasiswa Prodi Kesehatan Masyarakat STIKes Kharisma Persada
Authors: Ilmi Ayatun Fil , Utari Diah Mulyawati
Published: September 2020

Latar Belakang : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan naiknya kadar glukosa darah, baik disebabkan oleh gangguan pada sekresi insulin, resistensi terhadap insulin maupun karena keduanya. Seseorang dengan obesitas abdominal atau sentral dengan penimbunan lemak disekitar perut mempunyai asosiasi terhadap faktor risiko lebih tinggi terhadap DM. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lingkar pinggang dan RLPP dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa. Metode : Desain studi  dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian ini adalah bersedia dan menandatangani informed consent, saat pengambilan darah responden puasa tidak makan dan hanya minum air putih selama 8 jam, tidak menderita DM dan tidak sedang mengkonsumsi antidiabetik. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 69 mahasiswa yang berasal dari  Prodi S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat. Variabel  terdiri dari kadar gula darah puasa, lingkar pinggang, dan Rasio Linggar Pingang Panggul (RLPP). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Uji Chi Square dengan signifikasi (α) = 0,05. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 31,9% mahasiswa dengan kategori kadar gula darah puasa yang tinggi (≥ 100 mg/dl), berdasarkan lingkar pinggang sebanyak 33,3% mahasiswa termasuk kategori obesitas, sedangkan berdasarkan RLPP sebanyak 46,4% persen mahasiswa termasuk kategori obesitas, serta. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lingkar pinggang (p=0,459) dan RLPP (p=0,470) dengan kadar gula darah puasa. Simpulan Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan  antara lingkar perut dan RLPP dengan kadar glukosa darah  pada mahasiswa Prodi S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat STIKes Kharisma Persada. Dapat dilakukan penelitian yang lebih lanjut dengan melibatkan variabel yang berbeda sehingga hasil penelitian berikutnya lebih luas.
Religious themes in contemporary comics: between indoctrination and creative interpretation
Authors: Jaworski Marcin
Published: September 2020

In today’s world, popular culture is an identity-building experience, a powerful driver of social belonging and a domain of emotional involvement. It is a mirror of sorts that reflects human needs and desires – including religious ones. This paper discusses a number of pop cultural texts (comic books) that explore religious themes, and attempts to examine the nature and “quality” of these explorations. In other words, this paper seeks to determine which of these comic books propose a superficial or trivial treatment of religious traditions, and which graphic novels deserve to be considered as culturally relevant, even if perhaps not entirely orthodox, pieces of artwork. A broad methodological approach was applied, with a wide variety of proposals being discussed: on the one hand it examines comic books used as a mere tool for “ideological” persuasion, whilst on the other it looks into comic books that explore religious themes while treating them as a resonant cultural resource.
Development and experimental research of a low-thermal asphalt material for grouting leakage blocking
Authors: Fu Ping , Huang Liwei , Xing Zhanqing
Published: September 2020

Tunnel water burst is among the common severe geological hazards in deep buried tunnel projects in China and throughout the world. Asphalt grouting is an effective method to block seepage channels in macroporous strata under the condition of flowing water, but it has defects such as a high heating temperature, complex high-temperature construction technology, and poor controllability during the grouting process. A type of “water-in-oil” low-thermal asphalt was developed in this study. It can cool and solidify and not be diluted when encountering water, and its construction temperature can be below 80°C. Experimental research on the physical and mechanical properties of the low-thermal asphalt leakage-blocking material was completed, including proportion experiments, fluidity, sensitivity to temperature, one- and two-dimensional indoor diffusion experiments, and impact experiments, which presented its physical and mechanical properties and can provide guidance for the application of the material in site projects.
Assessment of the potential of multifarious demand response programs in reducing transformer loss of life
Authors: Loitongbam Nonika , Gadham Kumar Raja , Ghose T.
Published: September 2020

Transformer may enter the ageing cycle sooner if it is loaded more than the rated value for longer periods of time in its life cycle. This paper exploits demand response as a way to improve transformer life by reducing the hottest spot temperature (HST) which is caused due to better load profile. The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of various types of price-based and incentive-based demand response programs (DRPs) on the transformer life and other attributes like energy consumption, peak to average ratio, etc. Entropy method is used to determine the weights of multi-attributes in a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) model formed by the various attributes and the multifarious demand response programs. Using these weights, the various DRPs are ranked using Program Ranking Index to assist the utility in deciding which DRP is to be employed. IEEE transformer model is used to calculate the transformer ageing for two cases with and without demand response programs. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of demand response in mitigating transformer loss of life. Furthermore, the economic and technical benefits of employing demand response are quantified.
Methanol extract of Caesalpinia benthamiana normalizes blood pressure and attenuates oxidative stress in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats
Authors: Gbadamosi Idayat Titilayo , Opatola Damilola Glory , Oyagbemi Ademola , Ajibade Temitayo Olabisi , Bolaji-Alabi Foluso Bolawaye , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Saba Adebowale Benard , Adedapo Adeolu Alex , Yakubu Momoh Audu , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi Omoniyi
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Hypertension is the number one risk factor and primary contributor of cardiovascular diseases. Caesalpinia benthamiana is a valuable medicinal plant with unvalidated anti-hypertensive activity. This study was carried out to explore the antihypertensive effect of C. benthamiana on uninephrectomized hypertensive rats.

Methods

Fifty rats were grouped into five groups, each containing 10 animals: Group A-normal control (normotensive); B-uninephrectomized control; C-uninephrectomized treated with 50 mg/kg C. benthamiana extract; D-uninephrectomized treated with 100 mg/kg C. benthamiana; and E- uninephrectomized treated with 10 mg/kg of Lisinopril.

Results

Significant increases were observed in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure of uninephrectomized control rats. Furthermore, markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, protein carbonyl, myeloperoxidase and the advanced oxidative protein products) increased significantly while antioxidant status (reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase), reduced significantly in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Histopathology revealed thrombosis and occlusion of coronary vessels in the heart, and congestion in the kidney. However, the observed high blood pressure parameters were remarkably normalized together with reduction in markers of oxidative stress and improvement in antioxidant defence system of uninephrectomized hypertensive rats treated with C. benthamiana extract similar to normotensive rats.

Conclusions

C. benthamiana extract exhibited antihypertensive action, strong antioxidant ability, attenuated oxidative stress-mediated hypertension and lessened the development of cardiac and renal damage associated with hypertension induced by uninephrectomy and high dietary intake of salt. Together, C. benthamiana extract might be useful in the management of hypertension due to volume overload in the cardiovascular system.
Towards Developing a Comprehensive Tag Set for the Arabic Language
Authors: Alqrainy Shihadeh , Alawairdhi Muhammed
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a comprehensive Tag set as a fundamental component for developing an automated Word Class/Part-of-Speech (PoS) tagging system for the Arabic language. The aim is to develop a standard and comprehensive PoS tag set that based upon PoS classes and Arabic inflectional morphology useful for Linguistics and Natural Language Processing (NLP) developers to extract more linguistic information from it. The tag names in the developed tag set uses terminology from Arabic tradition grammar rather than English grammar. The usability of the presented Tag set has been tested in manual tagging and built up a set of tagged text to serve as a goal corpus used to compare it with the results obtained from the tagger. The tagger has achieved an average accuracy of 90% using the developed detailed tag set.
Homozygous p.R31H GNRH1 mutation and normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a patient and self-limited delayed puberty in his relatives
Authors: Brachet Cécile , Gernay Caroline , Boros Emese , Soblet Julie , Vilain Catheline , Heinrichs Claudine
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare condition resulting from GnRH deficiency. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone 1 (GNRH1) homozygous mutations are an extremely rare cause of normosmic CHH (nCHH). Most heterozygous individuals are asymptomatic, with the notable exception of individuals heterozygous for a p.R31C GNRH1 mutation.

Case presentation

The patient is an index case from a consanguineous family, presenting with severe CHH and his parents presenting with late puberty and normal fertility. The index case is homozygous for a p.R31H GNRH1 variant, both parents being heterozygous. The analysis of a panel of genes implicated in CHH does not show any other clinically relevant variant in any other gene tested.

Conclusions

GNRH1 mutations are a rare cause of nCHH. Five different mutations have been reported so far in homozygous individuals. Most are frameshift in nature but the one reported here causes an amino acid change in the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) decapeptide. Both independently reported patients with the p.R31H mutation are from Turkish origin. The question of the possible role of this mutation in the late puberty of the heterozygous parents needs further documentation. An analogy is made with the heterozygous individuals carrying the p.R31C and displaying partial CHH. No nonreproductive disorder is noted.
Asymptotic normality and mean consistency of LS estimators in the errors-in-variables model with dependent errors
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Xinsheng , Yu Yuncai , Hu Hongchang
Published: September 2020

In this article, an errors-in-variables regression model in which the errors are negatively superadditive dependent (NSD) random variables is studied. First, the Marcinkiewicz-type strong law of large numbers for NSD random variables is established. Then, we use the strong law of large numbers to investigate the asymptotic normality of least square (LS) estimators for the unknown parameters. In addition, the mean consistency of LS estimators for the unknown parameters is also obtained. Some results for independent random variables and negatively associated random variables are extended and improved to the case of NSD setting. At last, two simulations are presented to verify the asymptotic normality and mean consistency of LS estimators in the model.
Image Restoration by Learning Morphological Opening-Closing Network
Authors: Mondal Ranjan , Dey Moni Shankar , Chanda Bhabatosh
Published: September 2020

Mathematical morphology is a powerful tool for image processing tasks. The main difficulty in designing mathematical morphological algorithm is deciding the order of operators/filters and the corresponding structuring elements (SEs). In this work, we develop morphological network composed of alternate sequences of dilation and erosion layers, which depending on learned SEs, may form opening or closing layers. These layers in the right order along with linear combination (of their outputs) are useful in extracting image features and processing them. Structuring elements in the network are learned by back-propagation method guided by minimization of the loss function. Efficacy of the proposed network is established by applying it to two interesting image restoration problems, namelyde-rainingandde-hazing. Results are comparable to that of many state-of-the-art algorithms for most of the images. It is also worth mentioning that the number of network parameters to handle is much less than that of popular convolutional neural network for similar tasks. The source code can be found herehttps://github.com/ranjanZ/Mophological-Opening-Closing-Net
Surgical treatment for common hepatic aneurysm. Original one-step technique
Authors: Amato Bruno , Patrone Renato , Quarto Gennaro , Compagna Rita , Cirocchi Roberto , Popivanov Georgi , Granata Vincenza , Belli Andrea , Izzo Francesco
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Hepatic artery aneurysms are rare, and their treatment represents a challenge for the surgeons.

Materials and methods

A new technique is presented for common hepatic artery (CHA) aneurysm: it requires minimal vascular surgical dissection and only one linear vascular stapler is applied at the bottom of aneurysm. Aneurysm exclusion is easily obtained, which allowed retrograde thrombosis. Liver blood supply is ensured to the right and left hepatic artery, through the gastroduodenal artery, and can be previously monitored, with temporary clamping of the section area, by visual control, enzyme evaluation and intraoperative ultrasound examination. We reported an open surgical treatment, with simultaneous removal of hepatic and adrenal metastases, secondary to colon cancer.

Results

The duration of vascular surgery was 30 min and did not involve complications. Postoperative controls confirmed the efficacy of the procedure.

Discussion

This original technique can be added to the various open and endovascular techniques so far described for the treatment of a CHA aneurysm. It is advisable as open surgery, mostly in case of associated pathologies.

Conclusions

The authors believe that this “one shot” technique by vascular staple of the distal part of CHA is minimally invasive and effective to obtain the exclusion of the aneurysm.
Microbiome of post-technogenic soils of quarries in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia)
Authors: Abakumov Evgeny , Zverev Aleksey , Suleymanov Azamat , Suleymanov Ruslan
Published: September 2020

The state of the microbial community is an essential factor determining the processes of soil restoration of disturbed soils. Quarrying and mining complexes are valuable sites for studying soil formation processes. Four different quarries (gypsum, sand–gravel mixture, sand, and clay) of the Republic of Bashkortostan were surveyed to determine the status of the microbial community of post-technogenic soils. Amplicon libraries of the 16s rDNA gene were analyzed. It was shown that the microbial communities of different soil horizons of quarries differ significantly. According to the results of the analysis, quarry communities demonstrate differences in the microbial composition of different horizons, while in some cases, the upper horizon is richer.
The use of indoor plant as an alternative strategy to improve indoor air quality in Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Agus Dwi , Winardi Wira , Hidayat Moulid , Wirawan Aditya
Published: September 2020

Indoor air pollution marked with decreased air quality below the set standard. The quality of indoor air is determined by ambient air quality as well as by a harmful substance resulting from the household activity. Indoor air pollution may cause several problems such as sick building syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, and is responsible for nearly two million death in developing countries. One of the interesting research topics to overcome the indoor air pollution problem is the application of indoor plants. Although there are no established criteria to specify the best indoor plant, several studies have revealed the capability of a particular indoor plant to remove the harmful substances. This paper summarizes important information about indoor air pollution and provides the evidence-based insight of indoor plant usefulness as an alternative way for indoor air remediation.
Artesunate attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced impairments in rats
Authors: Zhou Zhike , Hou Jun , Li Qinghua
Published: September 2020

Background

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and neuroinflammation induced by traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) cause a succession of secondary brain damage events and finally lead to a massive and progressive cerebral neuronal destruction. Artesunate, a semisynthetic artemisinin derivative, is a potential candidate for the management of cerebral damage induced by TBI due to its protective function to BBB and cerebral neurons.

Methods

To demonstrate the effect of artesunate to TBI-induced BBB dysfunction and neural damage, TBI rat model was constructed by cortical impact injury. Behavioral experiments were used to estimate the impact of the combined treatment on rats. Western blotting was performed to demonstrate the protein levels in the brain tissues of rats. Quantitative real-time PCRs were utilized to investigate the alteration in the expression of various RNA levels. The chemokine levels were estimated by ELISA.

Results

Artesunate treatment attenuated the impact caused by TBI on rat brain and improved the long-term neurological recover. Artesunate treatment protected the integrity of BBB and inhibited neuroinflammation. Artesunate treatment promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and inhibited the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β in TBI rat model.

Conclusion

Artesunate protected rats from TBI-induced impairments of BBB and improved longer-term neurological outcomes.
Fatigue and Fracture Properties of Steam Turbine Shaft Materials
Authors: Leis B. N. , Rungta R. , Collard S. , Skulte P.
Published: September 2020

Results that characterize the fatigue crack propagation and ductile fracture characteristics of two steam turbine shaft materials are presented. Comparison of the usual mechanical properties and the results of chemical analyses indicate these materials are typical of the class of steel alloys often used in steam turbines. A range of environmental considerations are addressed, including laboratory ambient conditions and high-temperature saturated steam conditions. Fatigue crack growth results suggest that, for the environment considered, these shaft materials do not exhibit a strong environmental dependence of properties. Further limited data suggest that overloads typical of turbine applications do not significantly alter crack growth rate behavior. Fracture data, including Charpy V-notch (CVN), KIc, and JIc, indicate these materials exhibit ductile fracture over the range of temperatures encountered in service. Fracture morphology in all cases suggests the action of a ductile mechanism, either ductile rupture for fracture or striation forming for fatigue crack growth. Application of these results in the context of turbine fracture control planning illustrates the utility of fracture mechanics concepts. Its limitations are discussed with reference to situations in which corrosion fatigue pitting is responsible for crack initiation.
Matrix calculation of correlation characteristics based on spectral methods
Authors: Laikova L. G. , Tereshchenko T. A. , Yamnenko Y. S.
Published: September 2020

The paper is devoted to the problem of calculation of autocorrelation function that is important for solving the tasks that require finding the repeating intervals of the signal or defining the main frequency of the signal against the background of non-stationary noise. The authors propose an algorithm to transform the connection between arithmetic and logical correlation functions in oriented basis into the matrix form. Comparative analysis is conducted for the computational complexity of different types of autocorrelation functions using different spectral methods — Fourier, Walsh, and oriented basis transform.
Heat transfer characteristics of miniature two-phase thermosyphons with nanofluids
Authors: Kravets V. Yu. , Hurov D. I.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents and analyzes experimental data on the total thermal resistances of two-phase miniature thermosyphons with nanofluids; the geometric parameters of the thermosyphons for all experimental samples are identical: total length 700 mm, internal diameter 5 mm. The following nanofluids used as heat carriers are: aqueous nanofluid based on carbon nanotubes, aqueous nanofluid based on synthetic diamond, and aqueous nanofluid based on amorphous carbon. Much attention is also paid to the influence of the filling ratio on the heat transfer characteristics of the thermosyphons. The influence of filling ratio and types of nanofluid on the performance of miniature closed two-phase thermosyphons is demonstrated.
Increased dietary energy alters follicle dynamics and wave patterns in heifers
Authors: Domingues Rafael R , Ginther O J , Toledo Mateus Z , Wiltbank Milo C
Published: September 2020

Understanding the impacts of nutrition on reproductive physiology in cattle are fundamental to improve reproductive efficiency for animals under different nutritional conditions. Starting on Day 0 (day of ovulation) until next ovulation, Holstein heifers (n = 24) were fed: low energy diet (ad libitum grass hay; LED) and high energy diet (ad libitum grass hay + concentrate supplement; HED). Heifers on HED gained more weight (average daily gain: 0.824 ± 0.07 vs 0.598 ± 0.09 kg/day) and had increased insulin concentrations. The dominant follicle of wave 1 in HED had greater growth rate overall from Days 0 to 8 and on Days 6–7 and 8–9 and started atresia later. The dominant follicle of wave 2 in HED had greater growth rate overall from Day 9 to 18 and on Days 14–15 and 15–16. In two-wave patterns, there was no difference in estradiol or progesterone concentrations but concentrations of FSH were lower in HED on Days 15 and 16. Estradiol concentrations increased earlier in two-wave patterns in association with earlier luteolysis. The frequency of two follicular waves was greater in HED than LED (11/12 vs 6/11; 92.7% vs 54.5%). In conclusion, an acute increase in dietary energy altered not only growth rate of the dominant follicle but also follicular wave pattern in heifers by increasing frequency of two follicular waves. The hypotheses were supported that an acute increase in dietary energy (1) prolongs growth period of dominant follicles and (2) alters follicular wave pattern in heifers.
Total institutions in the policy of social control
Authors: Yagunov Dmytro
Published: September 2020

The article is focused on the research of social control and functioning of total institutions in the social control policy in the Postmodern society. Topicality. The relevance of this study is explained with qualitatively new trends in the development of the Postmodern society, where criminal justice is increasingly ceasing to be actually classical justice in the traditional sense, and is increasingly manifesting itself as a purely political tool. In the paper, the author departs from the traditional approach to social control, which in the light of classical views is carried out by society on the "deviant". Results. The author postulates that in the new coordinate system of Postmodern society number of deviants expands due to potential (sometimes even simply declared) deviants. The key categories of protection of society are not "crime" and "just and lawful punishment" but deeper and penetrating social control over much larger groups with the help of formally independent institutions. The above process is characterized by the fact that clear boundaries between such closed total institutions and non-institutional applications are blurring. The boundaries between the above-mentioned "honest citizens" and "deviants" (even criminals) are also blurring. It has been found that in modern conditions, society no longer exercises social control, but social control over society by the state and even private entities that have national or even transnational power. Conclusion. The article concludes that in the Postmodern society, punishment and other forms of social control are devoid of traditional goals (including "correction" or "re-education" of deviants). Society ceases to be a subject of social control and becomes its object, exposed to net-widening processes, as a result of which the Posmodern society acquires the characteristics of a carceral society, where national social control systems (including total institutions) become more mobile and acquire qualitatively new forms, significance and significance.
O lugar da criança na pesquisa: questões teórico-metodológicas e éticas
Authors: Brostolin Marta Regina
Published: September 2020

A pesquisa com crianças surgiu a partir da Sociologia da Infância como uma nova vertente de estudos científicos. De forma tímida, inicialmente, vem ao longo dos anos sendo mais utilizada por pesquisadores da infância garantindo às crianças o direito de expressão e audição.  Este novo campo teórico-empírico transforma as crianças de objetos em sujeitos participantes da pesquisa. Nesse contexto se insere a problemática subjacente a este texto que procura refletir sobre qual o lugar da criança na pesquisa, as questões teórico-metodológicas envolvidas e que cuidados éticos são necessários no desenvolvimento da investigação. Conhecer a criança e adentrar seu mundo por meio da pesquisa participativa exige a criação de múltiplos olhares sobre o contexto e sobre o modo como delineia suas ações. Implica na criação de estratégias metodológicas que lhe permita diferentes modos de expressão, audição e movimentos, sendo tarefa do pesquisador adulto tornar audíveis e visíveis às ações das crianças durante a investigação. A  pesquisa e o desenho pelo qual é constituída, deverá criar condições para que crianças e adultos possam, a partir de diferentes linguagens, visibilizar as ações e dar-lhes sentido. Além das questões teórico-metodológicas, deve-se também ter muita atenção a ética em respeito à criança e cuidados com seu  bem-estar. Trata-se de considerar e dar a criança seu lugar como participante e parceira no processo de investigação, partilhando um espaço intersubjetivo e inter-relacional de forma efetiva e ética.