bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HRSA-Funded MCH Pipeline Training Program: Advancing the MCH Pipeline and Workforce Through Research Collaborations
Authors: Olaleye Omonike A. , Dongarwar Deepa , Salihu Hamisu M. , Adu-Gyamfi Sylvia , Kaur Manvir , Egbejimi Anuoluwapo , Moerchen Victoria A. , Belcher Harolyn M. E. , Holmes Faye , Kuo Alice , Copeland-Linder Nikeea , Noble Charlotte A. , Vamos Cheryl A. , Waters Catrina R. , Brown Claudia M. , Reddy Madhavi M.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Presently, there are six undergraduate HRSA-funded MCH pipeline training programs (MCHPTP) in the nation and they have gained significant momentum since inception by recruiting, training and mentoring undergraduate students in a comprehensive MCH-focused approach. This article describes the outcomes from the 6 training programs; and primarily Baylor College of Medicine–Texas Southern University (BCM–TSU’s) collaborative strategy focusing on the MCH research training and outcomes, which align with HRSA’s MCH bureau’s missions.

Description

Each MCHPTP offers trainees interdisciplinary MCH research experiences through intra/inter-institutional collaborations and partnerships, but BCM–TSU’s MCHPTP was the only one with the primary focus to be research. As a case study, the BCM–TSU Program developed an innovative research curriculum integrated with MCH Foundations Course that comprised 2 hour weekly meetings. Students were split into collaborative research groups of 4–5 students, with multidisciplinary peer-mentors, clinical fellows and MCH research faculty from institutions at the world—renowned Texas Medical Center.

Assessment

Since the inception of the MCH mentorship programs, all six MCHPTPs have enrolled up to 1890 trainees and/or interns. BCM–TSU Program trainees are defined as undergraduate students in their 1st or 2nd year of college while research interns are upper classmen in their 3rd or 4th year of college. The case study showed that BCM–TSU Program trainees demonstrated outstanding accomplishments in the area of research through primary and co-authorships of 13 peer-reviewed journal publications by 78 trainees, over a period of 3 years, in addition to dozens of presentations at local, regional and national conferences.

Conclusions

The research productivity of students in the six MCHPTPs is strongly indicative of the success of integrating MCH research mentoring into MCH didactic training. The development of a diverse and robust MCH mentorship program promotes and strengthens research activities in areas of high priority such as addressing health disparities in MCH morbidity and mortality in the U.S.
Properties of EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) Slot Observations
Authors: Young Peter R. , Ugarte-Urra Ignacio
Published: July 2022

The Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board the Hinode spacecraft has been operating since 2006, returning high-resolution data in the 170 – 212 and 246 – 292 Å wavelength regions. EIS has four slit options, with the narrow 1′′ and 2′′ slits used for spectroscopy and the wide 40′′ and 266′′ slits used for monochromatic imaging. In this article several properties of the 40′′ slit (or slot) are measured using the Fe xii 195.12 Å line, which is formed at 1.5 MK. The projected width of the slot on the detector shows a small variation along the slit with an average value of 40.949′′. The slot image is tilted on the detector and a quadratic formula is provided to describe the tilt. The tilt corresponds to four pixels on the detector and the slot centroid is offset mostly to the right (longer wavelengths) of the 1′′ slit by up to four pixels. Measurement of the intensity decrease at the edge of the slot leads to an estimate of the spatial resolution of the images in the $x$
x
-direction. The resolution varies quadratically along the slot, with a minimum value of 2.9′′ close to the detector center. Intensities measured from the slot images are found to be on average 14% higher than those measured from the 1′′ slit at the same spatial location. Background subtraction is necessary to derive accurate intensities in quiet-Sun and coronal-hole regions. Prescriptions for deriving accurate slot intensities for different types of slot datasets are presented.
R. Stephen Berry and the Berry pseudorotation
Authors: Hargittai Istvan , Hargittai Balazs
Published: July 2022

R. Stephen Berry (1931–2020) was a Harvard-educated American pioneer of molecular structure studies. He is most famous for the phenomenon of Berry pseudorotation and his studies of intramolecular motion and molecular fluxionality. This remembrance focuses on this discovery. He had broad interests in many other aspects of structural chemistry and physical chemistry and also in the economics of energy.
In defence of the modal account of legal risk
Authors: Pritchard Duncan
Published: July 2022

This paper offers an articulation and defence of the modal account of legal risk in light of a range of objections that have been proposed against this view in the recent literature. It is argued that these objections all trade on a failure to distinguish between the modal nature of risk more generally, and the application of this modal account to particular decision-making contexts, such as legal contexts, where one must rely on a restricted body of information. It is argued that once the modal account of legal risk is properly understood as involving information-relative judgements about the modal closeness of the target risk event, the objections to the view are neutralized.
Analysis of the isolation valve system in water distribution networks using the segment graph
Authors: Simone A. , Di Cristo C. , Giustolisi O.
Published: July 2022

The mechanical reliability of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is a relevant technical and scientific issue. During planned maintenance or unplanned interruptions, the affected area must be isolated by valves shutdown. This operation involves the alteration of the network structure, i.e., the domain of the hydraulic system, and for this reason the isolation valve system plays a central role. Some studies started to consider the presence of the isolation valve system in WDNs reliability analysis.

Accordingly, this work uses the Complex Network Theory to analyse the isolation valve system performance and to assess the importance of the segments generated by valves shutdown. Differently from the classic complex network theory approach, in this work the recently proposed WDN-relevance-based betweenness centrality is applied to the segment graph to introduce information about the relevance of the different elements into the network, considering geometric and hydraulic parameters, such as length, demand, risk of disconnection, etc. The proposed strategy also suggests an improvement in the representation of the segment graph with respect to the presence of parallel edges.

The strategy is presented using a small network, while it is demonstrated and discussed using a real WDN. The results indicate that the WDN-relevance-based betweenness centrality allows to effectively assess the importance of the segments generated by valves shutdowns, also providing indications to improve the isolation valve system design.
Iron–Copper Bimetallic Nanoparticle for the Removal of Disinfection By-products: Optimization, Kinetic Study, and Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Ulucan-Altuntas Kubra , Hadki Ahmed El , Bilgili Levent , Çetinkaya Afşın Y. , Kuzu S. Levent , Debik Eyup
Published: July 2022

Since the early twentieth century, disinfecting water has been an essential process to prevent the introduction of harmful organisms, especially pathogenic organisms. Due to the reaction between anthropogenic contaminants present in water and the chemicals used to disinfect water, compounds known as disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed during the water disinfection process. Chlorination, the most dominant water disinfection method, produces DBPs that have drawn a lot of attention and health concerns. The most commonly used removal technology for trichloromethane (TCM) is adsorption, and the use of activated carbon, iron oxides, and nanoparticles has been widely investigated. Studies have found that using nano-zero valent iron with nano-catalytic metals (Cu, Ni etc.) to synthesize bimetallic nanoparticles increases the removal of organic pollutants. The current study investigates the adsorption of trichloromethane (TCM) by synthesized Fe/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of independent variables on the removal of TCM. According to the CCD results, TCM concentration and reaction time were determined as the most effective parameters. The lowest TCM concentrations have low removal efficiencies, while the lowest TCM concentration (50 µg/L) can be removed up to 60%. The highest TCM concentration can be 500 µg/L to achieve a removal below the limits with 500 mg/L Fe/Cu concentration and 24 min of reaction time. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to Fe/Cu nanoparticle synthesis, and results indicated that the highest environmental impact was from the mixture of reactant stage.
Arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 Regulates Glycolysis in Colorectal Cancer via the PI3K/AKT/HIF1α Pathway
Authors: Long Wen-bo , Pu Xia , Tang Yi , Li Ming , Liu Yun , She Qin , Wang Ya-lan , Guo Qin-xi
Published: July 2022

Objective

Arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (ART1) is involved in the regulation of a diverse array of pathophysiological processes, including proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy and angiogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. However, how ART1 regulates glycolysis in CRC remains elusive.

Methods

To elucidate the role of ART1 in glycolysis in CRC, we assessed the protein level of ART1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) in 61 CRC tumor tissue specimens obtained from patients with different 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake as analyzed by PET/CT before surgery. Colon adenocarcinoma CT26 cells with ART1 knockdown and overexpression were established, respectively, and the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of ART1 on glycolysis in CRC was determined both in vivo and in vitro.

Results

The expression of ART1 and GLUT1 was significantly associated with FDG uptake (P=0.037 and P=0.022, respectively) in CRC tissues. Furthermore, the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was upregulated in ART1-overexpressed CT26 cells, but was downregulated in ART1-knockdown CT26 cells. The volume and weight of subcutaneously transplanted tumors were markedly increased in the ART1-overexpressed BALB/c mice group and decreased in the ART1-knockdown group. In CT26 cells, the overexpression of ART1 promoted the expression levels of HK2 and LDH, and knockdown of ART1 suppressed them in the CT26 tumors. In both normal and hypoxic conditions, ART1 expression was associated with the protein level of phospho-serine/threonine kinase (p-AKT), HIF1α, and GLUT1 but not with that of AKT in CT26 cells and subcutaneous transplanted tumors.

Conclusion

ART1 plays a crucial role in the elevation of glucose consumption in CT26 cells and may regulate GLUT1-dependent glycolysis in CRC via the PI3K/AKT/HIF1α pathway.
Influence of Spray Angle on Microstructure and Lifetime of Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Uczak de Goes Wellington , Ossiansson Mattias , Markocsan Nicolaie , Gupta Mohit , Honnerová Petra , Veselý Zdeněk
Published: July 2022

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely utilized in gas turbine engines for power generation. In recent years, the application of TBCs in automotive has been introduced to improve engine efficiency. Low thermal conductivity and high durability are desired coating properties for both gas turbine engines and automotive. Also, suspension plasma spraying (SPS) permits a columnar microstructure that combines both properties. However, it can be challenging to deposit a uniform columnar microstructure on a complex geometry, such as a gas turbine component or piston head, and achieve similar coating characteristics on all surfaces. This work's objective was to investigate the influence of spray angle on the microstructure and lifetime of TBCs produced by SPS. For this purpose, SPS TBCs were deposited on specimens using different spray angles. The microstructures of the coatings were analyzed by image analysis for thickness, porosity, and column density. Thermal and optical properties were evaluated on each TBC. Lifetime tests, specifically designed for the two applications, were performed on all investigated TBCs. The lifetime results were analyzed with respect to the TBC microstructure and thermal and optical properties. This investigation showed that there is a limit to the spray angle that achieves the best compromise between TBC microstructure, thermal properties, optical properties, and lifetime.
Zur Neurobiologie der Psychopathie
Authors: Wild Laura M. , Poeppl Timm B.
Published: July 2022

Die Erforschung der neurobiologischen Grundlagen der Psychopathie hat in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. In diesem Artikel soll eine kurze Übersicht des aktuellen Stands der Forschung gegeben werden. In Bildgebungsmetaanalysen finden sich Hinweise auf eine Volumenminderung grauer Substanz im linken dorsolateralen präfrontalen Kortex und im medialen Orbitofrontalkortex bei Psychopathen. Des Weiteren zeigt eine groß angelegte Metaanalyse robuste Evidenz für veränderte Hirnaktivität im frontoinsulären Kortex, im lateralen präfrontalen Kortex, im dorsomedialen präfrontalen Kortex und in der rechten Amygdala. Aus der Kombination von Neurobildgebung und Datenbankanalysen ist zudem bekannt, dass es eine Beziehung zwischen den beschriebenen Hirnveränderungen und typischen Psychopathiesymptomen gibt. Der Vergleich von Hirnveränderungen mit Neurotransmitterkarten und Genexpressionskarten gibt Hinweise auf mögliche zugrunde liegende molekulare Mechanismen, insbesondere eine Dysregulation im serotonergen System. In der Zusammenschau weisen diese Befunde klar auf fassbare neurobiologische Veränderungen bei hochgradig psychopathischen Personen hin. Zwar können sie keinen Aufschluss darüber geben, ob es sich bei den Veränderungen um Ursache oder Folge der Störung handelt, doch können sie Ansatzpunkte für spezifischere, biologische Therapieverfahren bieten.
Tapping Gas from the Silicon Submerged Arc Furnace: An Industrial Measurement Campaign
Authors: Andersen Vegar , Gaertner Heiko , Grådahl Svend , Ksiazek Michal , Einarsrud Kristian Etienne , Tranell Gabriella
Published: July 2022

Producing high-silicon alloys in submerged arc furnaces (SAF) involves the generation of an intermediate process gas, consisting of silicon monoxide (SiO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Combustion of process gas from the taphole can be an environmental challenge. SiO gas burns to fine SiO2 particles which can cause poor working conditions and fugitive particulate matter emissions. The high combustion energy of SiO and CO is a source of high heat load. It is also the source of thermal NOX generation. A measurement campaign was conducted at the Elkem Thamshavn plant in Norway to investigate the composition of tapping gas from a silicon furnace. Over a 3-day period, the gas extracted from the tapping of the furnace was analyzed with Agilent Micro-GC, Protea atmosFIR, and Testo 350. The dust concentration in the gas was measured with a LaserDust instrument from NEO Monitors. Using the plant’s existing flow and temperature measurements, mass and energy flows were calculated. Linear regressions were calculated for three predictors of NOX formation in the taphole gas. From these calculations, the relation between total energy added to the tapping gas and NOX showed the best correlation.
Do Cancer and Cancer Treatments Accelerate Aging?
Authors: Bhatia Roma , Holtan Shernan , Jurdi Najla El , Prizment Anna , Blaes Anne
Published: July 2022

Purpose of Review

This review focuses on describing the mechanisms and clinical manifestations that underlie accelerated aging associated with cancer and its treatment.

Recent Findings

The direct and indirect effects of cancer and its treatment are associated with late occurrence of comorbidities that happen earlier or more frequently in cancer survivors compared to cancer-free individuals, otherwise known as accelerated aging. Use of senolytics and dietary and exercise interventions including prehabilitation, caloric restriction, and rehabilitation are currently under investigation to reverse or decelerate the aging process and will be covered in this review.

Further research on how to decelerate or reverse aging changes associated with cancer and its treatment will be of paramount importance as the number of cancer survivors continues to grow.
Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs Affect Biological Pathways Underlying Autoimmune and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Plewka Patrycja , Raczynska Katarzyna Dorota
Published: July 2022

Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are a class of independently transcribed molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that do not overlap known protein-coding genes. LincRNAs have diverse roles in gene expression and participate in a spectrum of biological processes. Dysregulation of lincRNA expression can abrogate cellular homeostasis, cell differentiation, and development and can also deregulate the immune and nervous systems. A growing body of literature indicates their important and multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of several different diseases. Furthermore, certain lincRNAs can be considered potential therapeutic targets and valuable diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers capable of predicting the onset of a disease, its degree of activity, or the progression phase. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms and molecular functions of lincRNAs in the pathogenesis of selected autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders: multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This summary can provide new ideas for future research, diagnosis, and treatment of these highly prevalent and devastating diseases.
Navigating Affordances for Learning in Clinical Workplaces: A Qualitative Study of General Practitioners’ Continued Professional Development
Authors: Stabel Linda Sturesson , McGrath Cormac , Björck Erik , Elmberger Agnes , Laksov Klara Bolander
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Medical specialists’ lifelong learning is essential for improving patients’ health. This study identifies affordances for learning general practitioners (GPs) engage in, and explores what influences engagement in those affordances. Eleven GPs were interviewed and the interview transcripts were analysed thematically. Stephen Billett’s theoretical framework of workplace participatory practices was used as an analytical lens to explore the topic. Challenging patient cases were identified as the main trigger for engagement in learning. Local, national and international colleagues from the same and other specialties, were found to be an important affordance for learning, as was written material such as websites, journals and recommendations. Other inputs for learning were conferences and courses. Workplace aspects that were essential for GPs to engage in learning related to: place and time to talk, relevance to work, opportunity for different roles, organisation of work and workload, and working climate. Importantly, the study identifies a need for a holistic approach to lifelong learning, including spontaneous and structured opportunities for interaction over time with colleagues, establishment of incentives and arenas for exchange linked to peer learning, and acknowledgement of the workplace as an important place for learning and sufficient time with patients. This study contributes with a deepened understanding of how GPs navigate existing affordances for learning both within and outside their workplaces.
Microplankton Interactions with Decadal-Scale Nutrient Enrichment in a Deep Estuary, with Implications for Eutrophication—Related Ecosystem Stressors
Authors: Safi Karl , Zeldis John , Tait Leigh , Robinson Karen , Gall Mark , Thompson Karen
Published: July 2022

Long-term (decadal) records of microplankton provide insights into how lower trophic levels of coastal ecosystems respond to nutrient enrichment, over and above shorter-term variability. We used a 15-year seasonal census in the Firth of Thames, a deep, nutrient-enriched estuary in northeastern Aotearoa/New Zealand, to determine microplankton responses to enrichment. Kendall trend analyses showed that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved organic nitrogen were enriched by 99% and 34%, respectively, over 15 years, while phosphorus changed little. Larger phytoplankton (> 2 µm) increased by 46%, including 57% increases by diatoms (mainly large centrics with 93% increase) and nanoflagellates (151% increase). Dinoflagellates decreased by 46%, such that the community shifted from dinoflagellate to diatom/nanoflagellate dominance. Within phytoplankton ≤ 2 µm, picoprokaryotes increased by 369%, while picoeukaryotes changed little. Among microheterotrophs (< 200 µm), bacteria increased by 89%, and small oligotrichs increased by 53%. Trend analyses and multivariate general additive modelling showed that microplankton biomass responded primarily to increased DIN over the 15-year period and secondarily to stratification variation at shorter time scales. The changed biomasses and community composition are explained as responses to increased N:P and food-web interactions. Deleterious changes included increased toxic Pseudo-nitzschia abundance and potentially reduced nutritional quality of the phytoplankton community for grazers. The increased N and larger diatoms indicated potential for increased deposition to sediments, possibly explaining previous observations of lowered denitrification in the Firth during the time series period. The results indicated a continuation of enrichment the Firth has received over decades, with implications for expression of ecosystem stressors of acidification and hypoxia.
Modeling of carbon sequestration with land use and land cover in the northeastern part of the Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: Abd El-Hamid Hazem T. , Hafiz Mohammed A.
Published: July 2022

The world is currently concerned about the phenomenon of climate change and global warming because of the natural disasters that threaten the lives of living organisms on the surface of the earth. Despite this, there is a dearth of studies dealing with reducing carbon emissions in Egypt. We needed to cover this defect in an important area of Egypt, which is the eastern delta region including Manzala Lake. Land use and land cover (LU/LC) represents a vital role in carbon regulation in coastal areas. Our study uses three Landsat images in 2001, 2013, and 2021 to estimate the amount of carbon storage and sequestration and used Land Change Modeler (LCM) with Cellular Automata Markov Chain (CA-MC) model to predict land cover changes in 2031. Results show that in the period between 2013 and 2021, about half of the floating plants have been destroyed and removed. Our results demonstrate that the increased area for agricultural lands from 2013 to 2021 (2306 Mg C/km2) leads to an increased amount of carbon stoke but the decreased area for floating plants (-4508 Mg C/km2) leads to a decrease in carbon storage. Results showed that a remarkable decrease in carbon storage in the future was attributed to anthropogenic activities in the study area and also as a result of the un exploiting of environmental resources. Finally, the total cost of carbon was 1323.4, 1437.9, 1184.8, and 1296.5 $US/ha for 2001, 2013, 2021, and 2032, respectively. Results showed that the minimum cost for 2021 that a noticeable shortage due to the removal of vegetation and an increase the area of lake water. These conversions have to some extent affected the capacity of coastal habitats to sequester and store CO2. For carbon storage, we recommend afforestation of desert areas. The current design for carbon storage and sequestration is a good guide for government and decision makers for suitable sustainable development, climatic regulation, and carbon budget.
Deep Transfer Learning on the Aggregated Dataset for Face Presentation Attack Detection
Authors: Abdullakutty Faseela , Elyan Eyad , Johnston Pamela , Ali-Gombe Adamu
Published: July 2022

Presentation attacks are becoming a serious threat to one of the most common biometric applications, namely face recognition (FR). In recent years, numerous methods have been presented to detect and identify these attacks using publicly available datasets. However, such datasets are often collected in controlled environments and are focused on one specific type of attack. We hypothesise that a model’s accurate performance on one or more public datasets does not necessarily guarantee generalisation across other, unseen face presentation attacks. To verify our hypothesis, in this paper, we present an experimental framework where the generalisation ability of pre-trained deep models is assessed using four popular and commonly used public datasets. Extensive experiments were carried out using various combinations of these datasets. Results show that, in some circumstances, a slight improvement in model performance can be achieved by combining different datasets for training purposes. However, even with a combination of public datasets, models still could not be trained to generalise to unseen attacks. Moreover, models could not necessarily generalise to a learned format of attack over different datasets. The work and results presented in this paper suggest that more diverse datasets are needed to drive this research as well as the need for devising new methods capable of extracting spoof-specific features which are independent of specific datasets.
Influence of Peat and Biochar on Gas Emissions and Microbial Metabolism During Co-composting of Chicken Manure and Maize Straw
Authors: Feng Mengting , Wu Xiaoyu , Qiu Xiuwen , Wang Huijuan
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the effects of peat (PT) and maize straw biochar (MSB) on gas emissions and microbial metabolism characteristics during chicken manure (CM) and maize straw (MS) composting. Three treatments with different additives (0%, 5% PT, 5% MSB added on dry weight basis) were designed to conduct 30-day aerobic composting experiments in nine insulated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reactors. The results showed that PT and MSB addition increased the temperature and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−–N) content but decreased the ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N) content of compost. Compared with control, the total emissions of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) in PT and MSB were reduced by 20.13–30.57%, 28.88–47.46% and 37.35–52.71%, respectively. In addition, PT and MSB amendments improved the microbial utilization capacity on carbohydrates, esters and carboxylic acids. Redundancy analysis revealed that temperature, NH4+–N, pH and microbial metabolism were positively correlated with CH4, N2O and NH3 emissions. Meanwhile, temperature, NH4+–N and pH also had positive correlations with microbial metabolism. Together these results indicated that PT and MSB amendment improved the metabolism capacity of microbes and reduced CH4, N2O and NH3 emissions, eventually mitigating nitrogen loss and promoting the quality of compost product.

Graphical Abstract
HbA1c levels and circulating inflammatory proteins at onset of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents
Authors: Dereke Jonatan , Nilsson Charlotta
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that often develops during childhood. Complications such as retinopathy often occur during the course of the disease. Studies to identify possible predictors of complications in type 1 diabetes are needed; in particular markers able to identify risk of complications long before they occur. The first aim of this study was to investigate plasma levels of sCD163, sST2 and Gal-3 at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. The second aim was to study their correlation to HbA1c in this study cohort.

Methods

Patients (n = 242, 0–18 years) with type 1 diabetes, at Helsingborg’s Hospital were included in this study and circulating levels of sCD163, sST2 and Gal-3 were investigated in plasma using commercially available DuoSet ELISA and supplementary ancillary kit.

Results

Circulating sCD163 was significantly higher at diagnosis compared to after diagnosis (666 ± 318ng/ml and 505 ± 223ng/ml respectively; p < 0.001). Also sST2 was significantly higher (18.2 [12.7–25.6] ng/ml respectively 9.1 [6.3–13.5] ng/ml (p < 0.001), but Gal-3 levels did not differ from onset of diabetes to after diagnosis. HbA1c was shown to correlate to sCD163 (rs=0.36; p < 0.001), sST2 (rs=0.22; p = 0.016) and Gal-3 (rs=0.2; p = 0.020) in patients with a diabetes duration < 5 years.

Conclusions

sCD163 levels increased in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes and the levels increased with higher HbA1c. Patients included in this study will be followed annually until the eventual development of diabetic complications, while continuously studying circulating levels of inflammatory proteins such as sCD163.
Typical dampers and energy harvesters based on characteristics of ferrofluids
Authors: Li Yanwen , Han Pengdong , Li Decai , Chen Siyu , Wang Yuming
Published: July 2022

Ferrofluids are a type of nanometer-scale functional material with fluidity and superparamagnetism. They are composed of ferromagnetic particles, surfactants, and base liquids. The main characteristics of ferrofluids include magnetization, the magnetoviscous effect, and levitation characteristics. There are many mature commercial ferrofluid damping applications based on these characteristics that are widely used in numerous fields. Furthermore, some ferrofluid damping studies such as those related to vibration energy harvesters and biomedical devices are still in the laboratory stage. This review paper summarizes typical ferrofluid dampers and energy harvesting systems from the 1960s to the present, including ferrofluid viscous dampers, ferrofluid inertia dampers, tuned magnetic fluid dampers (TMFDs), and vibration energy harvesters. In particular, it focuses on TMFDs and vibration energy harvesters because they have been the hottest research topics in the ferrofluid damping field in recent years. This review also proposes a novel magnetic fluid damper that achieves energy conversion and improves the efficiency of vibration attenuation. Finally, we discuss the potential challenges and development of ferrofluid damping in future research.
Olympe de Gouges
Authors: Bergès Sandrine
Published: July 2022

Olympe de Gouges, though a well-known historical figure, has not been investigated as a philosopher until quite recently. Yet, many of her writings have philosophical import, whether they are written in the genre of the philosophical treatise, drama or political pamphlets. In the three main sections, the author gives an overview of some of her arguments, showing their originality and their relevance to debates contemporary to her and to us. In the introduction, the author addresses the question of genre and argue that Gouges should be read as a philosopher, as well as a playwright and political writer. In the conclusion, the author draws out the relevance of her work for contemporary philosophers.
Pythagorean Women
Authors: Pellò Caterina
Published: July 2022

The Pythagorean women are a group of female philosophers who were followers of Pythagoras and are credited with authoring a series of letters and treatises. In both stages of the history of Pythagoreanism – namely, the fifth-century Pythagorean societies and the Hellenistic Pythagorean writings – the Pythagorean woman is viewed as an intellectual, a thinker, a teacher, and a philosopher. The purpose of this Element is to answer the question: what kind of philosopher is the Pythagorean woman? The traditional picture of the Pythagorean female sage is that of an expert of the household. The author argues that the available evidence is more complex and conveys the idea of the Pythagorean woman as both an expert on the female sphere and a well-rounded thinker philosophising about the principles of the cosmos, human society, the immortality of the soul, numbers, and harmonics.
Shared Obligations in International Law
Authors: Nedeski Nataša
Published: July 2022

There are various situations in which multiple states or international organizations are bound to an international obligation in the context of cooperative activities and the pursuit of common goals. This practical phenomenon of sharing international obligations raises questions regarding the performance of obligations (who is bound to do what) and international responsibility in case of a breach (who can be held responsible for what). This book puts forward a concept of shared obligations that captures this practical phenomenon and enables scholars and practitioners to tackle these questions. In doing so, it engages in positive law-based categorization and systematization, building on existing categorizations of obligations and putting forward new typologies of shared obligations. Ultimately, it is contended that the sharing of obligations has relevant legal implications: it can influence the content and performance of obligations as well as the responsibility relations that arise in case of a breach.
Ancient Oaxaca
Authors: Blanton Richard E. , Feinman Gary M. , Kowalewski Stephen A. , Nicholas Linda M.
Published: July 2022

Over two thousand years ago, Oaxaca, Mexico, was the site of one of the New World's earliest episodes of primary state formation and urbanism, and today it is one of the world's archaeologically best-studied regions. This volume, which thoroughly revises and updates the first edition, provides a highly readable yet comprehensive path to acquaint readers with one of the earliest and best-known examples of Native American state formation and its consequences as seen from the perspectives of urbanism, technology, demography, commerce, households, and religion and ritual. Written by prominent archaeological researchers who have devoted decades to Oaxacan research and to the development of suitable social theory, the book places ancient Oaxaca within the context of the history of ideas that have addressed the causes and consequences of social evolutionary change. It also critically evaluates the potential applicability of more recent thinking about state building grounded in collective action and related theories.
Asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in adults is uncommon using rigorous symptom characterization and follow-up in an acute-care adult hospital outbreak
Authors: O’Grady Heidi M. , Dixit Devika , Khawaja Zoha , Snedeker Kate , Ellison Jennifer , Erebor Joyce , Jamieson Peter , Weiss Amanda , Salcedo Daniel , Roberts Kimberley , Wiens Karen , Etches Nicholas , Leal Jenine , Conly John M.
Published: July 2022

Asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported as a significant driver of COVID-19 outbreaks. Our hospital ward outbreak analysis suggests that comprehensive symptoms and signs assessment, in combination with adequate follow-up, allows a more precise determination of COVID-19 symptoms. Asymptomatic infection was quite uncommon among adults in this setting.
THE FIRST-ORDER LOGIC OF CZF IS INTUITIONISTIC FIRST-ORDER LOGIC
Authors: PASSMANN ROBERT
Published: July 2022

We prove that the first-order logic of CZF is intuitionistic first-order logic. To do so, we introduce a new model of transfinite computation (Set Register Machines) and combine the resulting notion of realisability with Beth semantics. On the way, we also show that the propositional admissible rules of CZF are exactly those of intuitionistic propositional logic.
Out of the depths: new records of the sea anemone Oulactis coliumensis (Riemann-Zürneck & Gallardo, 1990) in shallow waters from northern Chile and Peru
Authors: Spano Carlos A. , Carbajal Patricia , Ganga Benjamin , Acevedo Cristian , Häussermann Vreni
Published: July 2022

New in situ records of the sublittoral sea anemone Oulactis coliumensis (Riemann-Zürneck & Gallardo, 1990) are provided from different localities of northern Chile and Peru. Specimens were generally observed buried in shallow soft bottoms (3–25 m depth), near port cities and in areas with a high organic load. This is the first report of the species outside its type locality (off the Bay of Coliumo, Chile; ~36°S), extending its range of distribution to lower latitudes.
On what motivates us: a detailed review of intrinsicv.extrinsic motivation
Authors: Morris Laurel S. , Grehl Mora M. , Rutter Sarah B. , Mehta Marishka , Westwater Margaret L.
Published: July 2022

Motivational processes underlie behaviors that enrich the human experience, and impairments in motivation are commonly observed in psychiatric illness. While motivated behavior is often examined with respect to extrinsic reinforcers, not all actions are driven by reactions to external stimuli; some are driven by ‘intrinsic’ motivation. Intrinsically motivated behaviors are computationally similar to extrinsically motivated behaviors, in that they strive to maximize reward value and minimize punishment. However, our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie intrinsically motivated behavior remains limited. Dysfunction in intrinsic motivation represents an important trans-diagnostic facet of psychiatric symptomology, but due to a lack of clear consensus, the contribution of intrinsic motivation to psychopathology remains poorly understood. This review aims to provide an overview of the conceptualization, measurement, and neurobiology of intrinsic motivation, providing a framework for understanding its potential contributions to psychopathology and its treatment. Distinctions between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are discussed, including divergence in the types of associated rewards or outcomes that drive behavioral action and choice. A useful framework for understanding intrinsic motivation, and thus separating it from extrinsic motivation, is developed and suggestions for optimization of paradigms to measure intrinsic motivation are proposed.
Context, precision, and social perception: A sociopragmatic study
Authors: Beltrama Andrea , Solt Stephanie , Burnett Heather
Published: July 2022

In two perception experiments we explore the social indexicality of numerical expressions, comparing the evaluation of three variants: precise (e.g. ‘forty-nine minutes’) vs. explicitly approximate (e.g. ‘about fifty minutes’) vs. underspecified (e.g. ‘fifty minutes’). We ask two questions: (i) What constellations of social meanings are associated with each of these variants? (ii) How are such indexical associations modulated by the conversational setting? We find that the choice of approximate vs. precise forms differentially impact speaker evaluation along the social dimensions of Status, Solidarity, and anti-Solidarity, with underspecified numbers showing a flexible behavior. Furthermore, these associations are to some extent affected by the conversational setting, in particular the demands on descriptive precision placed by the context and the interlocutors’ goals. These findings reveal an intimate connection between pragmatic reasoning and social perception, highlighting the importance of integrating pragmatic theory in the study of social indexicality. (Social meaning, pragmatic variation, social perception, numerals, (im)precision)*
Psychological and actual group formation: Conflict is neither necessary nor sufficient
Authors: Elad-Strenger Julia , Kessler Thomas
Published: July 2022

Conflict is neither necessary nor sufficient for the existence of groups. First, the existence of mutually supporting, rather than antagonistic, interactants is sufficient to constitute a “social group.” Second, conflict does not necessarily mark group boundaries but can also exist within an ingroup. Third, psychological representations of social groups do not only trace, but also perpetuate the existence of groups.
Societies and other kinds of social groups
Authors: Moffett Mark W.
Published: July 2022

People live in distinct groups, notably territory-holding societies, whose boundaries aren't neatly defined by the traits that Pietraszewski describes for his socially aligned groups (or SAGs), as I propose calling them, which occur both within and between our societies. Although studying SAGs could prove enlightening, societies are essential human groups that likely existed long before the complex SAGs of today.
Developmental antecedents of representing “group” behavior: A commentary on Pietraszewski's theory of groups
Authors: Pun Anthea , Baron Andrew
Published: July 2022

Central to Pietraszewski's theory is a set of group-constitutive roles within four triadic primitives. Although some data from the developmental and biological sciences support Pietraszewski's theory, other data raise questions about whether similar behavioral expectations hold across various ecological conditions and interactions. We discuss the potential for a broader set of conceptual primitives that support reasoning about groups.
Social Policy Responses to Covid-19 in the Global South: Evidence from 36 Countries
Authors: Dorlach Tim
Published: July 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has prompted manifold social policy responses all around the world. This article presents the findings of a meta-analysis of thirty-six in-depth country reports on early Covid-19 social policy responses in the Global South. The analysis shows that social policy responses during the early phase of the pandemic have been predominantly focused on expanding temporary and targeted benefits. In terms of policy areas, next to labour market and social assistance measures, the focus has also been on unconventional social policy instruments. The social policy responses of developing economies were often rudimentary, focusing on cash transfers and food relief, and heavily relied on external funding. In contrast, many emerging economies introduced a much broader array of social policies and were less reliant on external support.
Can omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation affect obesity indices?
Authors: Musazadeh Vali , Tandorost Arash , Zarezadeh Meysam , Jafarzadeh Jaber , Ghavami Zoha , Jamilian Parsa , Ostadrahimi Alireza
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Background: Studies have shown that vitamin E as an antioxidant protects omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from oxidation. Several studies have evaluated the effect of omega-3 FAs and vitamin E co-supplementation on obesity indices; however, the results are inconsistent. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to address the role of omega-3 FAs plus vitamin E on obesity indices. Methods: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Among all of the qualified studies, 10 articles were selected. The effect size was presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Fixed-effects model was employed to perform meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis and publication bias assessment were carried out. Results: Ten eligible randomized controlled trials comprising 558 participants were included. The average dose of omega-3 FAs and vitamin E co-supplementation in studies was 1000–4000 mg/day and 400 IU, respectively. Intervention duration varied from 6 to 16 weeks. There was no significant effect of omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation on body weight (BW) (WMD=0.14 kg; 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.42; p=0.297), and body mass index (BMI) (WMD=0.08, 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.16, p=0.073). However, subgroup analysis showed that it might increase BMI in women over 50 years and if the intervention lasted more than 8 weeks. Conclusion: There was no significant impact of combined omega-3 FAs and vitamin E supplementation on BW and BMI; however, it should be noted that the intervention has an increasing impact when supplementation duration was >8 weeks and in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, >50 years old, and BMI>25 kg/m2.
Description and Evaluation of an Emission‐Driven and Fully Coupled Methane Cycle in UKESM1
Authors: Folberth G. A. , Staniaszek Z. , Archibald A. T. , Gedney N. , Griffiths P. T. , Jones C. D. , O’Connor F. M. , Parker R. J. , Sellar A. A. , Wiltshire A.
Published: July 2022

Methane (CH4) is one of the most important trace gases in the atmosphere owing to its role as an exceedingly effective greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutant. Better understanding of the global methane cycle and its interactions with the Earth system is therefore necessary for robust future projections of anthropogenic climate change and assessments of multi‐gas mitigation strategies. Here we present a newly developed methane emission‐driven Earth system model to simulate the global methane cycle fully interactively. We provide an evaluation of methane sources and sinks and a full‐cycle methane budget and its change over the historic period. We further evaluate the methane atmospheric abundance and lifetime against available observations. The new methane emission‐driven model simulates all the components of the methane cycle within observational uncertainty. We calculate a total present‐day (2000–2009 decadal average) methane source of 591 Tg(CH4) yr−1 with 197 Tg(CH4) yr−1 coming from wetlands. These sources are nearly balanced by the global methane sinks amounting to 580 Tg (CH4) yr−1; reaction of methane with the hydroxyl radical in the troposphere alone removes 525 Tg(CH4) yr−1. The imbalance between sources and sinks of 11 Tg(CH4) yr−1 represents the atmospheric methane growth rate and is in fairly good agreement with current best estimates of 5.8 Tg(CH4) yr−1 with a range of 4.9–6.6 Tg(CH4) yr−1. At present‐day the model shows a maximum systematic negative‐bias of approximately 200 ppb in the methane surface mole fraction.
Skillful Long‐Lead Prediction of Summertime Heavy Rainfall in the US Midwest From Sea Surface Salinity
Authors: Li Laifang , Schmitt Raymond W. , Ummenhofer Caroline C.
Published: July 2022

Summertime heavy rainfall and its resultant floods are among the most harmful natural hazards in the US Midwest, one of the world's primary crop production areas. However, seasonal forecasts of heavy rain, currently based on preseason sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs), remain unsatisfactory. Here, we present evidence that sea surface salinity anomalies (SSSAs) over the tropical western Pacific and subtropical North Atlantic are skillful predictors of summer time heavy rainfall one season ahead. A one standard deviation change in tropical western Pacific SSSA is associated with a 1.8 mm day−1 increase in local precipitation, which excites a teleconnection pattern to extratropical North Pacific. Via extratropical air‐sea interaction and long memory of midlatitude SSTA, a wave train favorable for US Midwest heavy rain is induced. Combined with soil moisture feedbacks bridging the springtime North Atlantic salinity, the SSSA‐based statistical prediction model improves Midwest heavy rainfall forecasts by 92%, complementing existing SSTA‐based frameworks.
Intelligent metasurfaces can recognize objects
Authors: Ren Mengxin , Xu Jingjun
Published: July 2022

An on-chip optical neural network is built using metasurfaces, which can recognize objects with high accuracy.