bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc áp dụng truy xuất nguồn gốc trong chuỗi cung ứng nông sản tại Việt Nam
Authors: Bùi Duy Linh , Nguyễn Thị Dung Huệ
Published: April 2023

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến áp dụng truy xuất nguồn gốc trong chuỗi cung ứng nông sản tại Việt Nam. Dữ liệu nghiên cứu được thu thập từ việc phỏng vấn 251 doanh nghiệp hoạt động trong ngành nông nghiệp tại Việt Nam. Các phương pháp phân tích dữ liệu được sử dụng gồm kiểm định độ tin cậy của thang đo, phân tích nhân tố khám phá (EFA), phân tích tương quan, phân tích hồi quy và kiểm định sự phù hợp của mô hình. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra tính phù hợp của hệ thống truy xuất nguồn gốc, đặc điểm của doanh nghiệp và ảnh hưởng xã hội là những yếu tố thúc đẩy ứng dụng hệ thống truy xuất nguồn gốc. Trong khi đó, các yếu tố chi phí, nhân lực, nguồn lực tài chính của doanh nghiệp là những rào cản đối với áp dụng truy xuất nguồn gốc trong chuỗi cung ứng nông sản.
Espécies nativas e espécies exóticas: uma análise em livros de Ciências e Biologia
Authors: Borges Kairo Michel Lima , Vieira Maria Mayara , Mendes Valdiele da Silva , Álvares Maria Marciana Lima , Sousa Fernando Isaías de , Silva Patrícia da Cunha Gonzaga , Oliveira Paulo Victor de
Published: April 2023

Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar a abordagem dos conteúdos referentes às espécies vegetais nativas e exóticas no Brasil em livros didáticos de Ciências e Biologia. Foram analisados 10 livros didáticos de Ciências (7º ano do Ensino Fundamental) e de Biologia (2º ano do Ensino Médio), recomendados pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD). Foram estabelecidas seis categorias de avaliação dos conteúdos em relação à abordagem dos assuntos considerados importantes para o entendimento quanto à importância das espécies nativas e o prejuízo que as espécies exóticas levam ao meio em que estão inseridas – conceito e importância das espécies nativas; conceito e impactos oferecidos pelas espécies exóticas; exposição através de imagens das espécies nativas e exóticas; destaque para as espécies nativas do Brasil; destaque para as espécies nativas em risco de extinção; e dicas de manejo e preservação das espécies nativas. Do total de livros analisados, apenas três contemplaram as categorias da pesquisa, em destaque três das seis categorias. Observou-se que as categorias que foram mais contempladas pelos livros foram: destaque das espécies nativas do Brasil (10 livros) e dicas de manejo e preservação das espécies nativas do Brasil (4 livros). Conclui-se que, os livros didáticos precisam melhorar a forma de abordagem dos conteúdos ampliando as discussões sobre a preservação ambiental nos livros de Ciências e Biologia e que os professores devem avaliar de forma mais criteriosa os livros que serão utilizados nas escolas, buscando obras que melhor retratem o cenário atual e local.
Aplicabilidade, biocompatibilidade e eficácia do Agregado de Trióxido Mineral na Endodontia
Authors: Rodrigues Jéssica da Silva , Oliveira Daisy Coelho , Venancio Diego Castro , Mesquita Karla Beatriz Nogueira de , Azevedo Mauro Wilker Cruz de , Cunha Clarice Fernandes Eloy da Costa , Vivacqua Flávia Darius
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura acerca da aplicabilidade, biocompatibilidade e eficácia do Agregado de Trióxido Mineral (MTA), além de evidenciar sua importância na prática clínica odontológica. Os estudos foram criteriosamente avaliados e coletados através de buscas nas plataformas de pesquisa da Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane e Google Scholar, utilizando os seguintes termos: “Dental Pulp Capping”, “Biocompatible Materials” e “Retrograde Obturation”. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, leitura do título e resumo, leitura do texto completo, foram considerados 20 estudos para compor esta revisão. Por meio dos trabalhos relacionados, observou-se que o MTA é um material bioativo no qual possui boa capacidade de selamento, favorecendo a formação de dentina reparadora meno porosa, mais espessa e menos traumática aos tecidos pulpares, tendo um efeito inflamatório de baixa escala no tecido pulpar quando comparado aos materiais dentários com a mesma finalidade. O tempo de presa e forma de manipulação e inserção parecem ser fatores conflitantes, contudo a abrangência de procedimentos para a sua utilização contribuiu para a sua maior utilização clínica. Conclui-se que a escolha pelo MTA em casos de pulpotomia, reparo de perfurações, capeamento pulpar direto, selamento apical e obturação retrógrada apresenta índices de sucesso. Entretanto, seu longo período de presa e alto custo necessitam um plano de tratamento ordenado.
Effect of amaranthus viridis e bidens pilosa leaves extract on properties of soy protein-locust bean gum active ﬁlms
Authors: Silva Agatha Natasha Melo da , Amado Laís Ravazzi , Barrosa Beatriz Cervejeira Bolanho de , Sakai Otavio Akira , Picolloto Angela Maria , Silva Keila de Souza
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed to manufacture active biodegradable films from soy protein isolate (SPI), locust bean gum (LBG) and caruru and blackjack leaf extract. The interaction between the compounds was evaluated through the analysis of FTIR. The effect of extract addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties, antioxidant capacity, UV radiation absorption capacity, color and opacity of the film were evaluated. All extracts interacted with the protein, however only two treatments interacted with the LBG present in the film. Addition of extracts in the film provided an increase in antioxidant activity. The addition of the blackjack extract increased the tensile strength of the films, but reduced their elasticity. The addition of caruru extract, however, not favoring the resistance of the films. All the extracts darkened the films and the caruru extract provided more greenish films than all the other made films. The films containing blackjack extract presented a higher intensity of light absorption in the spectral range of ultraviolet A and C.
Toxina botulínica no tratamento de pacientes com dor miofascial: uma revisão de escopo
Authors: Freitas Renato Daniel de , Abreu Bernadete Azevedo de , Silveira Felipe Dantas , Fiamengui Lívia Maria Sales Pinto , Bezerra Mirna Marques , Chaves Hellíada Vasconcelos
Published: April 2023

As disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs) podem ser classificadas como alterações que acometem a articulação temporomandibular, os músculos mastigatórios e as estruturas associadas, dividindo-se em dois grandes grupos: as DTMs de origem muscular e de origem articular, sendo a dor miofascial, de origem muscular, mais frequente. Apesar dos estudos existentes, a etiologia e o tratamento dessas alterações ainda não foram totalmente esclarecidos, e, dentre as modalidades de tratamento, tem sido discutido o uso de toxina botulínica tipo A (TXA) para manejo da dor miofascial. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo é fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre a efetividade da utilização da TXA para o tratamento de dor miofascial. Realizou-se um levantamento nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO utilizando os descritores “Botulinum Toxin”, “Temporomandibular” e “Myofascial Pain”, no período de 2012 a 2022. Foram encontrados 167 artigos, mas apenas 11 obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Observou-se que a utilização de TXA para o tratamento de dor miofascial mostrou-se, na maioria dos estudos, igualmente efetivo quando comparada com outros métodos de tratamentos menos invasivos e com menos efeitos adversos conhecidos. Ademais, a alta diversidade metodológica entre os estudos dificultou comparação entre os resultados. Portanto, são necessários mais ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados de alto rigor metodológico e com acompanhamento a longo prazo para suportar a indicação de TXA no tratamento de dor miofascial relacionada a DTM.
MEDİKAL TURİZMDE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ FENOMEN DOKTORLARIN ROLÜNE YÖNELİK BİR İNCELEME: INSTAGRAM ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖZCAN Zeynep
Published: April 2023

Medikal turizm, sağlık turizminin bir boyutudur; medikal tedavi amaçlı yapılan seyahatleri kapsamaktadır. Medikal turizmde maliyet, mahremiyet, bekleme süresi gibi çeşitli faktörler belirleyici olmaktadır. Bu faktörlerin yanı sıra sağlık acentaları, doktorlar gibi hizmet sağlayıcılardan bilgi temini oldukça önemlidir ve bu bilgi edinim sürecinde web siteleri, sosyal medya platformlarının rolü yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Medikal turizmde tedaviyi/hizmeti bizzat sağlayan doktorlar; sosyal medyanın dinamik, zaman ve mekandan bağımsız, etkileşimli, çift yönlü iletişim akışını mümkün kılan yapısında varlıklarıyla geniş hedef kitlelere erişmekte, birer fenomen doktor haline gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, medikal turizmde fenomen doktorların rolüne ilişkin farkındalık oluşmasına ve gelecekteki çalışmalarda farklı bağlamlarda konunun irdelenmesine öncülük etmek üzere literatürdeki boşluğun kapatılmasına katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmada Türkiye’de, Instagram adlı sosyal medya platformunda en çok takipçiye sahip ilk 10 fenomen doktorun en son paylaşmış olduğu 30 görsel içerikli gönderi ve metinleri içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Paylaşımlarda, fenomen doktorların uzmanlıklarına ilişkin içeriklere ağırlıklı olarak yer verdikleri; bizden biri algısı oluşturan ve samimi bir dil kullanımının söz konusu olduğu içeriklerin de yoğun bir biçimde mevcut olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Language impairment and executive functioning in children
Authors:   , Everaert Emma
Published: April 2023

Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have persistent language difficulties in the absence of a clear cause. Their language difficulties can for example not be explained by hearing loss or a lack of language input. Many children with DLD also have executive functioning (EF) deficits. It is currently unclear how these EF deficits relate to their language difficulties.
Children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) also frequently have speech-language problems. However, in their case the cause of these problems is known: a genetic disorder stemming from a missing piece of DNA on chromosome 22. This leads to a wide variety of symptoms, most prominently congenital heart defects, palatal abnormalities, and cognitive deficits.
The multifactorial nature of DLD hampers our ability to shed light on the relationship between language impairment and EF deficits. The language impairment of children with 22q11DS all stem from the same underlying etiology (i.e., cause of a disease or condition), which might help reduce the complexity of this investigation. This dissertation explores whether 22q11DS can be used as an etiologically homogeneous model for studying the relationship between language and EF in children with DLD.
We conclude that, although the groups are phenotypically similar regarding language profile and EF deficits, there are several limitations with using 22q11DS as a model for DLD. Nonetheless, a comparison between these groups is clinically relevant and provides interesting opportunities for fundamental research.
Assessing the Diversity and Relative Abundance of the Order Odonata, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera in Rice, Maize, and Wheat Fields
Authors: Umar Humaira , Ambreen Faiza , Mumtaz Tamsela , Umer Hamna , Kouser Safina , Umair Komal
Published: April 2023

The objective of the current study was to assess the diversity of Odonata, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera in the fields of rice, maize, and wheat under relevant factors. The area of these crops in the District Faisalabad was where specimens related to these orders were gathered. Faisalabad employees choose several ways of collecting, like hand picking, using a hand net, and forceps. From October 2013 to April 2014, the entire sampling was random. With the aid of taxonomic information, collected insects were identified based on their morphological traits and faunal diversity belonging to selected orders as the trustworthiness of these crops for these orders was documented. The highest variety (H′) was found in maize fields (7.3204), followed by rice (2.2707), and wheat fields (2.1758). In contrast, the highest diversity (H max) was almost equally distributed among the three crops. However, the highest levels of evenness (J) were found in the maize crop as compared to others. Wheat crop fields (0.1757), rice fields (0.0779), and maize fields (0.0779) showed the highest levels of dominance (D) (-2.0049). All crops had equal documented levels of wealth (R). The overall results between these crops were statistically significant (P = 0.05053; F = 3.0522) and t-Test analysis was also significant, but the P-value ratio was different.
HUKUK VE KALKINMA İLİŞKİSİ AÇISINDAN ARAÇSALLAŞTIRILMIŞ YASAMA FAALİYETİ
Authors: BİNGÖL SCHRİJER Bilge
Published: April 2023

Hukuk ve kalkınma arasında kurulan ilişkide, hızlı kalkınmanın hukuk kuralları aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmesi beklentisi, yasamanın araçsallaştırılmasını ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Araçsallaştırılmış bir yasama faaliyeti ise, hukukun araçsallığından farklı olarak, yasa yapım süreçlerinden müzakereci bir modelin dışlanmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye’de, hem hukuk ve kalkınma arasındaki ilişki kalkınma planlarında açıkça belirtilmiş, hem de yasa yapım süreçleri, toplumun hızlı kalkınması amacıyla hızlandırılmış; ancak aynı derecede de demokratik bir süreç olma özelliğini yitirmeye başlamıştır. Torba yasalar bu durumun en belirgin örneği olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, yasa yapım sürecindeki sorunlar, TBMM’de siyasi olarak üzerinde uzlaşılamayan özellikle ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel haklara ilişkin konuların, Anayasa Mahkemesi tarafından çözülmesi beklentisini de ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Zira Meclis içinde kanun tasarı ve tekliflerine müdahale etme fırsatından yoksun bırakılan siyasi muhalefet, her dönemde Anayasa Mahkemesi’ne başvurmaktadır. Bu durum da Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin kimi zaman aktivist, kimi zamanda pasifist bir tutum sergileyerek siyasallaşma eleştirileriyle karşılaşmasına yol açmaktadır.
TÜRKİYE’NİN RUSYA - UKRAYNA SAVAŞI’NDAKİ ARABULUCULUK ROLÜNÜN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: YUMUŞAK Tayfur
Published: April 2023

24 Şubat 2022 tarihinde Rusya’nın Ukrayna topraklarına saldırması üzerine savaş çıkmıştır. Savaşa, taraflar arasındaki ciddi görüş ayrılıklarının sebep olduğu açıktır. Uluslararası hukuk bakımından ifade etmek gerekirse görüş ayrılıkları; “kuvvet kullanma yasağı”, “önleyici meşru müdafaa”, “self determinasyon hakkı” üzerinde düğümlenmektedir. Türkiye, savaşın başlamasından itibaren aktif ve tarafsız bir dış politika yürütmüş, uyuşmazlığın barışçıl bir şekilde sona erdirilmesi için arabuluculuk faaliyetine girişmiştir. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’nin arabuluculuk faaliyeti bakımından tarafların kabul edeceği bir çözüm planı hazırlaması zorunludur. Bu husus, Birleşmiş Milletler’in uluslararası barış ve güvenliği tesis etme rolünü yerine getiremediği bir dönemde dünya için önem arz etmektedir.
ABD HUKUKU ÖRNEĞİNDE KÜÇÜK VE ORTA ÖLÇEKLİ İŞLETMELER (KOBİ) İÇİN ÖZEL YENİDEN YAPILANDIRMA
Authors: HAŞHAŞ Abdulkadir
Published: April 2023

Mikro, küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler, hem sayısal fazlalık, hem de ekonomik önem bakımından dünya ekonomisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadırlar. İşletmelerin ödeme güçlüğü sorunlarına hukukî ve ekonomik bir çözüm olarak düzenlenen yeniden yapılandırma hukuku hükümleri bu kapsamdaki işletmelere uygulanmak istendiğinde temel iki sorunla karşılaşılmıştır. Bu sorunlardan ilki, söz konusu ekonomik aktörlerin karmaşıklık, uzunluk ve pahalılık nedeniyle bu yola hiç başvuramamaları, yargısal bir hizmetten yararlanamamalarıdır. İkinci sorun ise, bir şekilde bu yola başvurmuş olanların, aynı nedenlerle süreci devam ettirememeleri veya verim alamamalarıdır. Olağan yeniden yapılandırma hükümlerinin küçük işletmelerde düzgün çalışmaması üzerine, bu işletmeler için farklı bir usûle ihtiyaç duyulduğuna kanaat getirilmiş ve çalışmalara başlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda küçük işletmeler için basitleştirilmiş bir usûle dair denemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu alanda yapılan çalışmaların temelinde, basitleştirilmiş usûlün, çeşitli açılardan daha seri ilerleyen, daha ucuz ve daha az karmaşık olmasının sağlanması ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Dünya Bankası, UNCITRAL gibi küresel politika yapıcılar ile yeniden yapılandırma konusunda en geniş birikime sahip olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki çalışmalar dikkate alınmıştır.
Assessment of the Health Complaints among White-Collar and Blue-Collar Workers Using the Electronic Health Records
Authors: ALCAN Veysel , DOĞRU Caner
Published: April 2023

Electronic health records (EHRs) are a useful tool to determine the causes and trends of work-related diseases in terms of periodic check-ups or emergency interventions at the workplace. To detect and prevent work-related diseases, EHRs could be important determinants for assessing interactions between health complaints and work-related factors. This study aimed to address the prevalence of diseases that cause potentially work-related diseases and the relationship between blue-collar/white-collar work status, by using EHRs. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and demographic data from EHRs (46 white-collar and 94 blue-collar) by using descriptive and correlation statistic tests. We found that type 2 diabetes, influenza, acute pharyngitis, and liver fat had a higher prevalence among blue-collar workers while urinary infection and myalgia had a higher prevalence among white-collar workers. The work status had a very weak positive correlation with type 2 diabetes (r=0.236, p=0.005) and had a very weak negative correlation with myalgia (r=-0.167, p=0.048) and urinary infection (r= -0.248, p= 0.003). Consequently, the present study provided that the work status and EHRs are important determinants for assessing interactions between health complaints and work-related factors that were attributable to specific work status such as blue-collar and white-collar.
Factors for the implementation of the circular economy in Big Data environments in service companies in post pandemic times of COVID-19: The case of Colombia
Authors: Almanza Junco Carlos Alberto , Pulido Ramirez Marial del Pilar , Gaitán Angulo Mercedes , Gómez-Caicedo Melva Inés , Mercado Suárez Álvaro Luis
Published: April 2023

In emerging economies, Big Data (BD) analytics has become increasingly popular, particularly regarding the opportunities and expected benefits. Such analyzes have identified that the production and consumption of goods and services, while unavoidable, have proven to be unsustainable and inefficient. For this reason, the concept of the circular economy (CE) has emerged strongly as a sustainable approach that contributes to the eco-efficient use of resources. However, to develop a circular economy in DB environments, it is necessary to understand what factors influence the intention to accept its implementation. The main objective of this research was to assess the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral norms on the intention to adopt CE in BD-mediated environments. The methodology is quantitative, cross-sectional with a descriptive correlational approach, based on the theory of planned behavior and a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). A total of 413 Colombian service SMEs participated in the study. The results show that managers' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived norms of behavior positively influence the intentions of organizations to implement CB best practices. Furthermore, most organizations have positive intentions toward CE and that these intentions positively influence the adoption of DB; however, the lack of government support and cultural barriers are perceived as the main limitation for its adoption. The research leads to the conclusion that BD helps business and government develop strategies to move toward CE, and that there is a clear positive will and intent toward a more restorative and sustainable corporate strategy.
Application of oral inorganic iodine in the treatment of Graves’ disease
Authors: Huang Yixuan , Xu Yihang , Xu Murong , Zhao Xiaotong , Chen Mingwei
Published: April 2023

Iodine is a crucial trace element for the human body and the basic raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Oral inorganic iodine includes dietary iodine and therapeutic iodine, both of which are closely associated with thyroid immunity and metabolism. Graves’ disease (GD), also known as diffuse toxic goiter, is characterized by hyperthyroidism and high iodine metabolism. Clinically, patients diagnosed with GD are often asked to limit iodine intake or even avoid iodine in their diet. The latest research has demonstrated that the interference of dietary iodine with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) treatment may be overestimated. In addition, as a medication for GD treatment, the administration of inorganic iodine has shown positive results in patients with mild hyperthyroidism, a low thyroid autoantibody concentration, a small thyroid volume, a high iodine diet and so on. Inorganic iodine may also be used as an alternative when patients experience side effects with traditional ATDs and for those who still prefer conservative treatment. Due to its low teratogenicity, blood toxicity and bone marrow toxicity, inorganic iodine plays a unique role in special populations, such as pregnant or lactating patients and patients receiving tumor radiotherapy or chemotherapy. In this review, the research progress, biological function, doses and effects, applicable populations and specific applications of dietary iodine and therapeutic iodine are summarized to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of GD, thus improving the quality of life of GD patients.
Validation of the neural network for 3D photon radiation field reconstruction under various source distributions
Authors: Yisheng Hao , Zhen Wu , Yanheng Pu , Yuhang Zhang , Rui Qiu , Hui Zhang , Junli Li
Published: April 2023

Introduction: This paper proposes a five-layer fully connected neural network for predicting radiation parameters in a radiation space based on detector readings.

Methods: The network is trained and tested using gamma flux values from individual detector positions as input, and is used to predict the gamma radiation field in 3D space under different source term distributions. The method is evaluated using the mean percentage change error (PCT) for the test set under different source term distributions.

Results: The results show that the neural network method can accurately predict radiation parameters with an average PCT error range of 0.53% to 3.11%, within the given measurement input error range of ± 10%. The method also demonstrates its ability to directly reconstruct the 3D radiation field with some simple source terms.

Discussion: The proposed method has practical value in real operations within radiation spaces, and can be used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of predicting radiation parameters. Further research could explore the use of more complex source term distributions and the integration of other types of sensors for improved accuracy.
Multi-interval settlement system of rolling-horizon scheduling for electricity spot market
Authors: Feng Qian , Dong Xu , Jinghua Wang
Published: April 2023

Multi-interval settlement is conducive to meeting the needs of growing renewable energy resources with great intermittency and volatility and managing the effective operation in the electricity spot market. However, the insufficient incentive of market price inaccurately reflecting the total cost of the electricity spot market caused by the inaccuracy of generation and load prediction in the current multi-interval settlement will lead to inefficient market scheduling, causing the market participants to deviate from dispatch instructions. Based on the problem above, a new multi-interval settlement system of rolling-horizon scheduling including the period selection of look-ahead schedules and enhanced settlement mechanism is proposed to improve the price incentive for the electricity spot market. The proposed multi-interval settlement system can produce a better look-ahead period and a more economically efficient dispatch solution inducing dispatch-following incentives. A numerical example shows that the proposed multi-interval settlement system outperforms the traditional settlement mechanism regarding economic efficiency.
Interactions between white pine blister rust, bark beetles, and climate over time indicate vulnerabilities to limber pine health
Authors: Burns Kelly S. , Tinkham Wade T. , Leddy K. A. , Schoettle Anna W. , Jacobi William R. , Stewart Jane E.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Limber pine is a keystone species in the Rocky Mountains that grows on harsh, high elevation sites where few other tree species can. Recent studies suggest the species is threatened by the combined impacts of the exotic, invasive disease, white pine blister rust (WPBR), native bark beetles, and climate change. Information on changes in the health of limber pine populations and long-term impacts posed by these threats is needed to inform management efforts.

Methods

We established 106 long-term monitoring plots in 10 study areas that were surveyed three times between 2004 and 2017. We assessed site and stand factors, tree health, and regeneration over time to detect changes in limber pine abundance and health, cumulative impacts of WPBR and bark beetles, and to evaluate the drivers of WPBR occurrence and severity.

Results

Limber pine health declined significantly over the study with more than 20% of initially live limber pine trees dead by the last measurement cycle, primarily due to WPBR and bark beetles. While some recruitment occurred, mortality rates greatly outpaced recruitment of ingrowth. Disease incidence and how it changed over time was variable, but disease severity increased substantially overall and in all study areas. Limber pine regeneration was low or absent in most sites and mortality caused by WPBR increased significantly. We found strong relationships between WPBR and aridity. Trees in habitats with high vapor pressure deficit were less likely to be infected with WPBR, but trees that were already infected were more likely to develop severe symptoms and die. Longer growing seasons increased the likelihood of WPBR presence and mortality. Growing season length and vapor pressure deficit tended to increase over the study, suggesting that climate change may exacerbate disease impacts.

Discussion

Declining health of limber pine coupled with high mortality rates, increasing disease severity, and low levels of natural regeneration indicate successful recovery may not occur in some locations without management intervention. Proactive management strategies to reduce insect and disease impacts and promote stand recovery and resilience should be pursued in remaining, healthy limber pine ecosystems.
Subclinical doses of dietary fumonisins and deoxynivalenol cause cecal microbiota dysbiosis in broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Revathi , Lourenco Jeferson , Hakeem Walid Al , Dycus Madison M. , Applegate Todd J.
Published: April 2023

Fusarium toxins are one of the most common contaminants in poultry diets. The co-occurrence of fumonisins (FUM) and deoxynivalenol (DON), even at a subclinical dose, negatively affects the growth performance, intestinal integrity and induce subclinical necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Loss of gut integrity can be expected to alter the intestinal microbiota’s composition. The objective of this study was to identify the effects of combined FUM and DON on the cecal microbiome profile and predicted metabolic functions and a short chain fatty acid profile in broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens. A total of 240 1 day-old chicks were randomly assigned to two treatments: a control diet and the control diet with 3 mg/kg FUM + 4 mg/kg DON each with eight replications. All the birds were received cocci vaccine at d0. All birds in both treatment groups were challenged with C. perfringens 1 × 108 CFU via feed on d 19 and 20 to achieve 5% mortality. On d 35, the FUM and DON contaminated diet numerically (P = 0.06) decreased the body weight gain (BWG) by 84 g compared to the control group. The bacterial compositions of the cecal contents were analyzed by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Overall, microbial richness and diversity increased (P < 0.02) during the studied period (d 21–35). Cecal contents of birds in the FUM + DON group had greater (P < 0.05) microbial evenness and diversity (Shannon index) compared to the control group. FUM + DON exposure decreased (P = 0.001) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the cecal content, compared to the control group. The combined FUM + DON significantly increased the relative abundance of the Defluviitaleaceae and Lachnospiraceae families (P < 0.05) but decreased the abundances of the Moraxellaceae and Streptococcaceae (P < 0.05) compared to the control group birds. At the genus level, FUM + DON exposure decreased (P < 0.05) Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas abundance and had a tendency (P = 0.08) to decrease Thermincola abundance compared to the control group. In the ileum, no NE-specific microscopic abnormalities were found; however, the tip of the ileal villi were compromised. The present findings showed that dietary FUM and DON contamination, even at subclinical levels, altered cecal microbial composition, dysregulated intestinal functions, and impaired the gut immune response, potentially predisposing the birds to necrotic enteritis.
Microbial biosorbent for remediation of dyes and heavy metals pollution: A green strategy for sustainable environment
Authors: Tripathi Manikant , Singh Pankaj , Singh Ranjan , Bala Saroj , Pathak Neelam , Singh Sangram , Chauhan Rajveer Singh , Singh Pradeep Kumar
Published: April 2023

Toxic wastes like heavy metals and dyes are released into the environment as a direct result of industrialization and technological progress. The biosorption of contaminants utilizes a variety of biomaterials. Biosorbents can adsorb toxic pollutants on their surface through various mechanisms like complexation, precipitation, etc. The quantity of sorption sites that are accessible on the surface of the biosorbent affects its effectiveness. Biosorption’s low cost, high efficiency, lack of nutrient requirements, and ability to regenerate the biosorbent are its main advantages over other treatment methods. Optimization of environmental conditions like temperature, pH, nutrient availability, and other factors is a prerequisite to achieving optimal biosorbent performance. Recent strategies include nanomaterials, genetic engineering, and biofilm-based remediation for various types of pollutants. The removal of hazardous dyes and heavy metals from wastewater using biosorbents is a strategy that is both efficient and sustainable. This review provides a perspective on the existing literature and brings it up-to-date by including the latest research and findings in the field.
Machine learning-based prediction of cerebral hemorrhage in patients with hemodialysis: A multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Li Fengda , Chen Anmin , Li Zeyi , Gu Longyuan , Pan Qiyang , Wang Pan , Fan Yuechao , Feng Jinhong
Published: April 2023

Background

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most serious complications in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing long-term hemodialysis. It has high mortality and disability rates and imposes a serious economic burden on the patient's family and society. An early prediction of ICH is essential for timely intervention and improving prognosis. This study aims to build an interpretable machine learning-based model to predict the risk of ICH in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Methods

The clinical data of 393 patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis at three different centers between August 2014 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 70% of the samples were randomly selected as the training set, and the remaining 30% were used as the validation set. Five machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely, support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), complement Naïve Bayes (CNB), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and logistic regression (LR), were used to develop a model to predict the risk of ICH in patients with uremia undergoing long-term hemodialysis. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) values were evaluated to compare the performance of each algorithmic model. Global and individual interpretive analyses of the model were performed using importance ranking and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) in the training set.

Results

A total of 73 patients undergoing hemodialysis developed spontaneous ICH among the 393 patients included in the study. The AUC of SVM, CNB, KNN, LR, and XGB models in the validation dataset were 0.725 (95% CI: 0.610 ~ 0.841), 0.797 (95% CI: 0.690 ~ 0.905), 0.675 (95% CI: 0.560 ~ 0.789), 0.922 (95% CI: 0.862 ~ 0.981), and 0.979 (95% CI: 0.953 ~ 1.000), respectively. Therefore, the XGBoost model had the best performance among the five algorithms. SHAP analysis revealed that the levels of LDL, HDL, CRP, and HGB and pre-hemodialysis blood pressure were the most important factors.

Conclusion

The XGB model developed in this study can efficiently predict the risk of a cerebral hemorrhage in patients with uremia undergoing long-term hemodialysis and can help clinicians to make more individualized and rational clinical decisions. ICH events in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are associated with serum LDL, HDL, CRP, HGB, and pre-hemodialysis SBP levels.
Investigating the genetic contribution in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome and refractory status epilepticus
Authors: deCampo Danielle , Xian Julie , Karlin Alexis , Sullivan Katie R. , Ruggiero Sarah M. , Galer Peter , Ramos Mark , Abend Nicholas S. , Gonzalez Alex , Helbig Ingo
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a severe childhood epilepsy with refractory status epilepticus after a typically mild febrile infection. The etiology of FIRES is largely unknown, and outcomes in most individuals with FIRES are poor.

Methods

Here, we reviewed the current state-of-the art genetic testing strategies in individuals with FIRES. We performed a systematic computational analysis to identify individuals with FIRES and characterize the clinical landscape using the Electronic Medical Records (EMR). Among 25 individuals with a confirmed FIRES diagnosis over the last decade, we performed a comprehensive review of genetic testing and other diagnostic testing.

Results

Management included use of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in most individuals, with an increased use of immunomodulatory agents, including IVIG, plasma exchange (PLEX) and immunosuppressants such as cytokine inhibitors, and the ketogenic diet after 2014. Genetic testing was performed on a clinical basis in almost all individuals and was non-diagnostic in all patients. We compared FIRES with both status epilepticus (SE) and refractory status epilepticus (RSE) as a broader comparison cohort and identified genetic causes in 36% of patients with RSE. The difference in genetic signatures between FIRES and RSE suggest distinct underlying etiologies. In summary, despite the absence of any identifiable etiologies in FIRES, we performed an unbiased analysis of the clinical landscape, identifying a heterogeneous range of treatment strategies and characterized real-world clinical practice.

Discussion

FIRES remains one of the most enigmatic conditions in child neurology without any known etiologies to date despite significant efforts in the field, suggesting a clear need for further studies and novel diagnostic and treatment approaches.
GL-Segnet: Global-Local representation learning net for medical image segmentation
Authors: Gai Di , Zhang Jiqian , Xiao Yusong , Min Weidong , Chen Hui , Wang Qi , Su Pengxiang , Huang Zheng
Published: April 2023

Medical image segmentation has long been a compelling and fundamental problem in the realm of neuroscience. This is an extremely challenging task due to the intensely interfering irrelevant background information to segment the target. State-of-the-art methods fail to consider simultaneously addressing both long-range and short-range dependencies, and commonly emphasize the semantic information characterization capability while ignoring the geometric detail information implied in the shallow feature maps resulting in the dropping of crucial features. To tackle the above problem, we propose a Global-Local representation learning net for medical image segmentation, namely GL-Segnet. In the Feature encoder, we utilize the Multi-Scale Convolution (MSC) and Multi-Scale Pooling (MSP) modules to encode the global semantic representation information at the shallow level of the network, and multi-scale feature fusion operations are applied to enrich local geometric detail information in a cross-level manner. Beyond that, we adopt a global semantic feature extraction module to perform filtering of irrelevant background information. In Attention-enhancing Decoder, we use the Attention-based feature decoding module to refine the multi-scale fused feature information, which provides effective cues for attention decoding. We exploit the structural similarity between images and the edge gradient information to propose a hybrid loss to improve the segmentation accuracy of the model. Extensive experiments on medical image segmentation from Glas, ISIC, Brain Tumors and SIIM-ACR demonstrated that our GL-Segnet is superior to existing state-of-art methods in subjective visual performance and objective evaluation.
Clinical applicability of short form of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition in patients after treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Šnajdrová Tereza , Patrmanová Eliška , Jevič Filip , Bořilová Karolína , Hrdoušková Monika , Musálek Martin
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) ranks among paediatrics' most common oncological malignancies. Monitoring motor performance levels associated with self-sufficiency in the everyday activities of ALL patients is extremely important during treatment. The motor development of children and adolescents with ALL is most often assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) complete form (CF) with 53 items or the short form (SF) with 14 items. However, there is no evidence in research that BOT-2 CF and SF give comparable results in the population of patients with ALL.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the compatibility of motor proficiency levels achieved from BOT-2 SF and BOT-2 CF in ALL survivors.

Materials and Method

The research sample consists of n = 37 participants (18 girls, 19 boys) aged 4–21 years (10.26, ± SD 3.9) after treatment for ALL. All participants passed BOT-2 CF and were at least 6 months and a maximum of 6 years from the last dose of vincristine (VCR). We used ANOVA with repeated measures, considering the sex, intra-class correlation (ICC) for uniformity between BOT-2 SF and BOT-2 CF scores and Receiving Operating Characteristic.

Results

BOT-2 SF and BOT-2 CF assess the same underlying construct, and BOT-2 SF and CF standard scores have good uniformity: ICC = 0.78 for boys and ICC = 0.76 for girls. However, results from ANOVA showed that the participants achieved a significantly lower standard score in SF (45.1 ± 7.9) compared to CF (49.1 ± 9.4) (p < 0.001; Hays ω2 = 0.41). ALL patients performed the worst in Strength and Agility. According to the ROC analysis, BOT-2 SF obtains acceptable sensitivity (72.3%) and high specificity (91.9%) with high accuracy of 86.1%, and the fair value of the Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.734 CI95% (0.47–0.88) in comparison to BOT-2 CF.

Conclusions

To reduce the burden on ALL patients and their families, we recommend using BOT-2 SF instead of BOT-2 CF as a useful screening tool. BOT-SF can replicate motor proficiency with as high probability as BOT-2 CF but systematically underestimates motor proficiency.
The effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children after repair of congenital heart disease: A pilot study from Turkey
Authors: Basgoze Serdar , Temur Bahar , Ozcan Zeynep Sila , Gokce Ibrahim , Guvenc Osman , Aydin Selim , Guzelmeric Fusun , Altan Kus Aylin , Erek Ersin
Published: April 2023

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is widely used after congenital heart surgery. The purpose of this study is to analyze the neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes in patients who receivedECMO support after congenital cardiac surgery.

Methods

Between January 2014 and January 2021, 111 patients (5.8%) receivedECMO support after congenital heart operations, and 29 (26,1%) of these patients were discharged. Fifteen patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis model was established using eight variables (age, weight, sex, Modified Aristotle Comprehensive Complexityscores, seizures, cardiopulmonary bypass duration, number of operations, and repair method) with 1:1 matching. According to the PSM model, 15 patients who underwent congenital heart operations were selected as the non-ECMO group. The Ages & Stages Questionnaire Third Edition (ASQ-3) was used for ND screening;it includes communication, physical skills (gross and fine motor), problem-solving, and personal–social skills domains.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between the patients' preoperative and postoperative characteristics. All patients were followed up for a median of 29 months (9–56 months). The ASQ-3 results revealed that communication, fine motor, and personal–social skills assessments were not statistically different between the groups. Gross motor skills (40 vs. 60), problem-solving skills (40 vs. 50), and overall scores (200 vs. 250) were better in the non-ECMO patients (P = 0.01, P = 0.03, and P = 0.03, respectively). Nine patients (%60) in the ECMO group and 3 patients (%20) in the non-ECMO group were with neurodevelopmental delay (P = 0,03).

Conclusion

ND delay may occur in congenital heart surgery patients who receivedECMO support. We recommend ND screening in all patients with congenital heart disease, especially those who receivedECMO support.
Predictive parameters and model for extubation outcome in pediatric patients
Authors: Charernjiratragul Kan , Saelim Kantara , Ruangnapa Kanokpan , Sirianansopa Kantisa , Prasertsan Pharsai , Anuntaseree Wanaporn
Published: April 2023

Background

Prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with significant morbidity in critically ill pediatric patients. In addition, extubation failure and deteriorating respiratory status after extubation contribute to increased morbidity. Well-prepared weaning procedures and accurate identification of at-risk patients using multimodal ventilator parameters are warranted to improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify and assess the diagnostic accuracy of single parameters and to develop a model that can help predict extubation outcomes.

Materials and methods

This prospective observational study was conducted at a university hospital between January 2021 and April 2022. Patients aged 1 month to 15 years who were intubated for more than 12 h and deemed clinically ready for extubation were enrolled. A weaning process with a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), with or without minimal setting, was employed. The ventilator and patient parameters during the weaning period at 0, 30, and 120 min and right before extubation were recorded and analyzed.

Results

A total of 188 eligible patients were extubated during the study. Of them, 45 (23.9%) patients required respiratory support escalation within 48 h. Of 45, 13 (6.9%) were reintubated. The predictors of respiratory support escalation consisted of a nonminimal-setting SBT [odds ratio (OR) 2.2 (1.1, 4.6), P = 0.03], >3 ventilator days [OR 2.4 (1.2, 4.9), P = 0.02], occlusion pressure (P0.1) at 30 min ≥0.9 cmH2O [OR 2.3 (1.1, 4.9), P = 0.03], and exhaled tidal volume per kg at 120 min ≤8 ml/kg [OR 2.2 (1.1, 4.6), P = 0.03]; all of these predictors had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72. A predictive scoring system to determine the probability of respiratory support escalation was developed using a nomogram.

Conclusion

The proposed predictive model, which integrated both patient and ventilator parameters, showed a modest performance level (AUC 0.72); however, it could facilitate the process of patient care.
High thermoelectric performance of TlInSe3 with ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity
Authors: Yin Xixi , Zhou Lang , Wang Qi , Liao Yangfang , Lv Bing
Published: April 2023

Thermoelectric (TE) materials with an excellent thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) provide an effective way to alleviate energy pressure and protect the environment. By applying the first-principles method, this paper makes a systematic study of the electronic and phonon transport properties of two-dimensional (2D) novel TlInSe3 utilizing the Boltzmann transport theory (BTE). The calculation results reveal that 2D TlInSe3 has an excellent power factor (0.81 × 10−2 W/mK2) and ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity (0.46 W/mK) at 300 K. We find that the low phonon group velocity and strong anharmonicity are the main factors leading to the ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity of TlInSe3. Meanwhile, by discussing the acoustic-optical scattering, we attribute low phonon group velocity and strong anharmonicity to the increase of scattering rates between acoustic mode and optical mode, which further suppresses the lattice thermal conductivity. In the analysis of electron and phonon transport properties, 2D TlInSe3, as a novel TE material, exhibits a ZT value as high as 4.15 at 500 K. Our research results show that TlInSe3 is a potential TE material, and the relevant analysis is significant in exploring new TE materials.
Improving in-season wheat yield prediction using remote sensing and additional agronomic traits as predictors
Authors: Gracia-Romero Adrian , Rufo Rubén , Gómez-Candón David , Soriano José Miguel , Bellvert Joaquim , Yannam Venkata Rami Reddy , Gulino Davide , Lopes Marta S.
Published: April 2023

The development of accurate grain yield (GY) multivariate models using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) assessments obtained from aerial vehicles and additional agronomic traits is a promising option to assist, or even substitute, laborious agronomic in-field evaluations for wheat variety trials. This study proposed improved GY prediction models for wheat experimental trials. Calibration models were developed using all possible combinations of aerial NDVI, plant height, phenology, and ear density from experimental trials of three crop seasons. First, models were developed using 20, 50 and 100 plots in training sets and GY predictions were only moderately improved by increasing the size of the training set. Then, the best models predicting GY were defined in terms of the lowest Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the inclusion of days to heading, ear density or plant height together with NDVI in most cases were better (lower BIC) than NDVI alone. This was particularly evident when NDVI saturates (with yields above 8 t ha-1) with models including NDVI and days to heading providing a 50% increase in the prediction accuracy and a 10% decrease in the root mean square error. These results showed an improvement of NDVI prediction models by the addition of other agronomic traits. Moreover, NDVI and additional agronomic traits were unreliable predictors of grain yield in wheat landraces and conventional yield quantification methods must be used in this case. Saturation and underestimation of productivity may be explained by differences in other yield components that NDVI alone cannot detect (e.g. differences in grain size and number).