bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a telenursing system for patients with chronic conditions
Authors: Kawaguchi Takayasu , Azuma Masumi , Ohta Ken'ichi
Published: July 2004

We have evaluated the feasibility of a telenursing system for patients with a chronic condition who are in receipt of home care services. The Internet-based system allows patients (equipped with a laptop computer), nurses and physicians to access information from a central database through a wireless network (128 kbit/s). Email and video-mail messages as well as vital signs data can be sent daily by the patient to a server at a regional health-care centre, and can be accessed by a nurse or physician, who can then decide on appropriate care. The system was tested by a male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, to see whether it would enhance his own management of his condition. During a 73-day baseline introductory period, no specific educational material was provided on the system Website about the management of diabetes (during this time the technical operation of the system was tested). During a second, 71-day period, educational material was provided. The telenursing system helped the patient to manage his condition, as shown by significant improvements in his levels of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and in his blood pressure. Our findings suggest that the system is feasible.
Development and evaluation of a teleradiology and videoconferencing system
Authors: Kaidu Motoki , Toyabe Shin-ichi , Oda Jun-ichi , Okamoto Koichiro , Ozaki Toshiro , Shiina Makoto , Sasai Keisuke , Akazawa Kouhei
Published: July 2004

We developed a teleradiology system linking a general hospital on Sado Island to tertiary care hospitals in Niigata City. The island is 40 km from Niigata City on the mainland and has only one diagnostic radiologist (for 72,000 islanders). Fibre optic cables between Sado Island and Niigata City were used for transmission. The introduction of the teleradiology system facilitated diagnostic and therapeutic consultation with specialists in Niigata City. The performance of the system was evaluated (on a scale of 0–6, with higher scores indicating better performance) by five diagnostic radiologists, who rated 32 features of the system twice, once in April 2002 and once in September 2003. The performance ratings improved from 1.38 to 2.86. While many of the initial problems with the software had been resolved, many still remained.
Diagnostic accuracy of and patient satisfaction with telemedicine for the follow-up of paediatric burns patients
Authors: Smith Anthony C , Kimble Roy , Mill Julie , Bailey Deborah , O'Rourke Peter , Wootton Richard
Published: July 2004

Videoconferencing has become a routine technique for the post-acute burns care of children in Queensland. We compared the agreement between clinical assessments conducted via videoconference and assessments conducted in the conventional, face-to-face manner (FTF). A total of 35 children with a previous burn injury were studied. Twenty-five children received three consecutive assessments: first FTF by a consultant in the outpatient department, then by a second consultant who reviewed the patient via videoconference, and then by the second consultant in person. The second consultant also reviewed another 10 children twice. At each review, the following variables were measured: scar colour, scar thickening, contractures, range of motion, the patient's level of general activity, any breakdown of the graft site, and adequacy of the consultation. Agreement between the two consultants when seeing patients FTF was moderately high, with an overall concordance of 85%. When videoconferencing was used, the level of agreement was almost the same, at 84%. If one consultant reviewed patients FTF first and then via videoconference, the overall concordance was 98%; if the process was reversed, the overall concordance was 97%. This study confirms that the quality of information collected during a videoconference appointment is comparable to that collected during a traditional, FTF appointment for a follow-up burns consultation.
Stereotyped Odor-Evoked Activity in the Mushroom Body ofDrosophilaRevealed by Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Ca2+Imaging
Authors: Wang Yalin , Guo Hui-Fu , Pologruto Thomas A. , Hannan Frances , Hakker Inessa , Svoboda Karel , Zhong Yi
Published: July 2004

To study the representation of olfactory information in higher brain centers, we expressed a green fluorescent protein-based Ca2+sensor, G-CaMP, in theDrosophilamushroom body (MB). Using two-photon microscopy, we imaged odor-evoked G-CaMP fluorescence transients in MB neurons [Kenyon cells (KCs)] with single-cell resolution. Odors produced large fluorescence transients in a subset of KC somata and in restricted regions of the calyx, the neuropil of the MB. In different KCs, odor-evoked fluorescence transients showed diverse changes with odor concentration: in some KCs, fluorescence transients were evoked by an odor at concentrations spanning several orders of magnitude, whereas in others only at a narrow concentration range. Different odors produced fluorescence transients in different subsets of KCs. The spatial distributions of KCs showing fluorescence transients evoked by a given odor were similar across individuals. For some odors, individual KCs with fluorescence transients evoked by a particular odor could be found in similar locations in different flies with spatial precisions on the order of the size of KC somata. These results indicate that odor-evoked activity can have remarkable spatial specificity in the MB.
SUBLIME TRANSLATION IN THE NOVELS OF JAMES FENIMORE COOPER AND WALTER SCOTT
Authors: NEWMAN A.
Published: July 2004

In the first four volumes of his Leatherstocking Tales (1823-1840), James Fenimore Cooper employs an arcane motif in which scenes of communication between Anglo-Americans and native Americans are set in sublime locations and, typically, interrupted by animals. Cooper has borrowed this motif of “sublime translation” from Walter Scott; the paradigm is the “Highland Minstrelsy” chapter of Waverley (1814). “Sublime translation” is crucial to the thematics of both sets of romances. In the works of Scott, Cooper finds a use of the sublime that is particularly suitable to his aesthetic agenda of differentiating his usage of English from that of the mother country. The motif figuratively naturalizes American English and links it to the indigenous languages, and it also transfers the quality of sublimity from the dying native tongues to the new American one. Thus the ultimate elevation of Reason over Nature that characterizes the Kantian sublime (Scott was strongly influenced by German Romanticism) takes on a new meaning in colonial and postcolonial contexts.
“You have shown me my end”: Attitudes toward presymptomatic testing for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Fanos Joanna H. , Gelinas Deborah F. , Miller Robert G.
Published: July 2004

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal degenerative motor neuron disease. Approximately, 5–10% of cases of ALS are familial (FALS), inherited primarily as an autosomal dominant trait. Recently, mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been identified; 15–20% of familial cases carry this mutation, providing a marker for diagnosis, carrier testing, and prenatal detection. We assessed understanding of genetics of FALS in relatives of patients cared for at the Forbes Norris MDA/ALS Research Center in San Francisco. A total of 25 participants completed a questionnaire and semistructured interview. Of these, 60% would have gene testing for themselves; 36% believed testing of children or adolescents was a good idea. Overall knowledge of genetics of FALS was limited. Also, 24% of respondents understood the inheritance pattern of FALS; 64% were aware that not all individuals who had the gene would show symptoms in their lifetime. Families were confused about whether they would receive results from linkage studies. We recommend that: (1) physicians refer relatives of newly diagnosed individuals for genetic counseling and possibly psychological counseling; (2) investigators ensure that participants comprehend the purpose of gene identification is for research, not disclosure of individual results; (3) families be helped to understand how to keep abreast of medical and genetic advances; (4) following the model of Huntington disease (HD), consensus guidelines for FALS genetic counseling and testing be developed. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autism spectrum disorder in fragile X syndrome: Communication, social interaction, and specific behaviors
Authors: Kaufmann Walter E. , Cortell Ranon , Kau Alice S.M. , Bukelis Irena , Tierney Elaine , Gray Robert M. , Cox Christiane , Capone George T. , Stanard Pia
Published: July 2004

The present study extends our previous work on social behavior impairment in young males with fragile X syndrome (FraX). Specifically, we evaluated whether the autistic phenomenon in FraX is expressed as a range of behavioral impairments as in idiopathic autism (Aut). We also examined whether there are behaviors, identified as items of the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R), that in FraX predispose to or differentiate subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. Finally, regression models were utilized to test the relative contribution of reduced communication and socialization skills to ADI‐R scores and diagnoses. A cohort of 56 boys (3–8 years) with FraX was examined in terms of scores on measures of cognition (IQ was a co‐variate in most analyses.), autistic behavior, problem/aberrant behavior, adaptive behavior, and language development. We found that, indeed, in terms of problem behavior and adaptive skills, there is a range of severity from FraX + Aut to FraX + PDD (Pervasive Developmental Disorder) to FraX + none. ADI‐R items representing “Play” types of interaction appear to be “susceptibility” factors since they were abnormal across the FraX cohort. Integrated regression models demonstrated that items reflecting complex social interaction differentiated the FraX + ASD (Aut + PDD) subgroup from the rest of the FraX cohort, while abnormalities in basic verbal and non‐verbal communication distinguished the most severely affected boys with FraX + Aut from the milder FraX + PDD cohort. Models incorporating language, adaptive communication, and adaptive socialization skills revealed that socialization was not only the main influence on scores but also a predictor of ASD diagnosis. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that the diagnosis of ASD in FraX reflects, to a large extent, an impairment in social interaction that is expressed with variable severity in young males with FraX. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transmission of ring chromosome 13 from a mother to daughter with both having a 46,XX, r(13)(p13q34) karyotype
Authors: Bedoyan Jirair K. , Flore Leigh Anne , Alkatib Aziz , Ebrahim Salah A. , Bawle Erawati V.
Published: July 2004

Ring chromosomes are thought to be the result of breakage in both arms of a chromosome, with fusion of the points of fracture and loss of the distal fragments. Another mechanism of ring formation is believed to be the simple fusion of chromosome ends with preservation of telomeric and subtelomeric sequences. Ring chromosome 13 was first described in 1968 and its incidence estimated at 1 in 58,000 live births. Severe phenotypes associated with large deletions of 13q have been described as “ring chromosome 13 syndrome.” Features of the “ring chromosome 13 syndrome” include mental retardation (often severe), growth retardation, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, and hand, foot or toe abnormalities. We report on a case of a mother and daughter with r(13) and mild phenotypes. Our patient, IA, had chromosome analysis performed at about 4½ years of age due to some developmental delay. This revealed 46,XX, r(13)(p13q34) karyotype with no loss of any chromosomal band. Her mother, EA, was subsequently found to have the same ring 13. IA's maternal grandmother had a normal karyotype while her maternal grandfather was unavailable for testing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed loss of a specific subtelomeric 13q region in r(13) in the mother. Clinically, IA had macular hyperpigmentation on the chin and mild delay in speech and fine motor skills. EA, 22 years of age, had mild short stature and borderline mental retardation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of familial transmission of r(13). We compare phenotypes of our cases with those from other reported cases of r(13) and discuss the possible mechanism of formation of this ring chromosome. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD studies on films of amyloid proteins and polypeptides: Quantitative g‐factor analysis indicates a common folding motif
Authors: McPhie Peter
Published: July 2004

Irrespective of the constituent protein, all amyloid fibrils show similar morphology in the electron microscope and x‐ray diffraction patterns characteristic of a “cross‐β” structure, with extended β‐strands perpendicular to the fibril's long axis. Little is known about the amount or type of this structure. I have measured CD spectra of films formed from a number of amyloid proteins and polypeptides, and estimated their contents of extended secondary structure, by analysis of their g‐factor spectra, the ratio of the CD and absorbance signals (P. McPhie, Analytical Biochemistry, 2001, Vol. 293, pp. 109–119). Amyloid films of Aβ‐(1–40) peptide, β‐2‐microglobulin, insulin, and three homopolypeptides show very intense CD spectra, compatible with the presence of a β‐helix‐like structure, arranged in a common framework in the fibrils. The extent of this structure was estimated as 45–80% in the protein fibrils and 30–80% in the polypeptide fibrils. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Conformational states of HRPA1 induced by thermal unfolding: Effect of low molecular weight solutes
Authors: Carvalho Ana Sofia L. , Santos Andrea M. , Neves‐Petersen Maria Teresa , Petersen Steffen B. , Aires‐Barros Maria Raquel , Pinho e Melo Eduardo
Published: July 2004

Fluorescence, CD, and activity measurements were used to characterize the different conformational states of horseradish peroxidase A1 induced by thermal unfolding. Picosecond time‐resolved fluorescence studies showed a three‐exponential decay dominated by a picosecond lifetime component resulting from energy transfer from tryptophan to heme. Upon thermal unfolding a decrease in the preexponential factor of the picosecond lifetime and an increase in the quantum yield were observed approaching the characteristics observed for apoHRPA1. The fraction of heme‐quenched fluorophore decreased to 0.4 after unfolding as shown by acrylamide quenching. A new unfolding pathway for HRPA1 was proposed and the effect of the low molecular weight solutes trehalose, sorbitol, and melezitose on this pathway was analyzed. Native HRPA1 unfolds with an intermediate between the native and the unfolded conformation. The unfolded conformation can refold to the native state or to a native‐like conformation with no calcium ions upon cooling or can give an irreversible denatured state. The refolded conformation with no calcium ions was clearly identified in a second thermal scan in the presence of EDTA and shows secondary and tertiary structures, heme reincorporation in the cavity, and at least 59% of activity. Melezitose stabilized the refolded Ca2+‐depleted protein and induced a more complex mechanism for heme disruption. The effect of sorbitol and trehalose were mainly characterized by an increase in the temperature of unfolding. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Superparamagnetic adsorbents for high‐gradient magnetic fishing of lectins out of legume extracts
Authors: Heebøll‐Nielsen Anders , Dalkiær Mikkel , Hubbuch Jürgen J. , Thomas Owen R.T.
Published: July 2004

This work presents the development, testing, and application in high‐gradient magnetic fishing of superparamagnetic supports for adsorption of lectins. Various approaches were examined to produce affinity, mixed mode, and hydrophobic charge induction type adsorbents. In clean monocomponent systems affinity supports created by direct attachment of glucose or maltose to amine‐terminated iron oxide particles could bind concanavalin A at levels of up to ≈ 280 mg g−1 support with high affinity (≈ 1 μM dissociation constants). However, the best performance was delivered by adsorbents featuring coupled tentacular dextran chains displaying a maximum binding capacity of 238 mg g−1 and a dissociation constant of 0.13 μM. Adsorbents derivatized with mixed mode or hydrophobic charge induction ligands likewise demonstrated very high capacities for both concanavalin A and Lens culinaris agglutinin (≥ 250 mg g−1) with dissociation constants in the micromolar range, though neither of these systems showed any selectivity for lectins in leguminous extracts.

When the affinity supports were applied to carbohydrate containing legume extracts only the dextran‐linked adsorbents supplied sufficient competition to dissolved sugars to selectively bind concanavalin A in an extract of jack beans. The dextran‐linked supports were employed in a high‐gradient magnetic fishing experiment, in which concanavalin A was purified to near homogeneity from a crude, unclarified extract of jack beans. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compatibility of column inlet and adsorbent designs for processing of corn endosperm extract by expanded bed adsorption
Authors: Menkhaus Todd J. , Glatz Charles E.
Published: July 2004

Corn has emerged as a viable host for expression of recombinant proteins; targeted expression to the endosperm has received particular attention. The protein extracts from corn endosperm differ from those of traditional hosts in regard to the nature of residual solids and extracted matrix contaminants. Each of these differences presents reasons for considering expanded bed adsorption for product capture and new considerations for limitations of the method. In this work three inlet‐flow distribution devices (mesh, glass ballotini, and localized mixing) and six adsorbents with different physical (size and density), chemical (ligand), and base matrix properties were evaluated to determine conditions compatible with processing of crude corn endosperm extract by expanded bed adsorption.

Of the inlet devices evaluated, the design with localized mixing at the inlet (as produced commercially by UpFront Chromatography A/S, Copenhagen, DK) allowed solids up to 550 μm into the column without clogging for all flow rates evaluated. A mesh at the inlet with size restriction of either 50 μm or 80 μm became clogged with very small corn particles (< 44 μm). When glass ballotini was used, large particles (550 μm) passed through for high flow rates (570 cm/h), but even small (< 44 μm) particles became trapped at a lower flow rate (180 cm/h). The physical and chemical properties of the resin determined whether solids could be eluted. The denser UpFront adsorbents allowed for complete elution of larger and more concentrated corn solids than the currently available Amersham Streamline adsorbents (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ) as a result of the former's higher flow rate for the desired 2× expansion (570 cm/h for UpFront vs. 180 cm/h for Streamline). All corn solids < 162 μm eluted through nonderivatized UpFront resin. Larger corn solids began to accumulate due to their elevated sedimentation velocities. Feeds of < 44 μm solids at 0.45% and 2.0% dry weight successfully eluted through ion exchange adsorbents (DEAE and SP) from UpFront. However, significant accumulation occurred when the solids size increased to a feed of < 96 μm solids, thus indicating a weak interaction between corn solids and both forms of ion exchange ligands. Expanded beds operated with Streamline ion exchange adsorbents (DEAE and SP) did not allow full elution of corn solids of < 44 μm. A hyperdiffuse style EBA resin produced by Biosepra (Ciphergen Biosystems, Fremont, CA) with CM functionality showed a severe interaction with corn solids that collapsed the expanded bed and could not be eliminated with elevated flow rates or higher salt concentration. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Galactose Oxidase Models: Solution Chemistry, and Phenoxyl Radical Generation Mediated by the Copper Status
Authors: Michel Fabien , Thomas Fabrice , Hamman Sylvain , Saint‐Aman Eric , Bucher Christophe , Pierre Jean‐Louis
Published: July 2004

Galactose oxidase (GO) is an enzyme that catalyzes two‐electron oxidations. Its active site contains a copper atom coordinated to a tyrosyl radical, the biogenesis of which requires copper and dioxygen. We have recently studied the properties of electrochemically generated mononuclear CuII‐phenoxyl radical systems as model compounds of GO. We present here the solution chemistry of these ligands under various copper and dioxygen statuses: N3O ligands first chelate CuII, leading, in the presence of base, to [CuII(ligand)(CH3CN)]+ complexes (ortho‐tert‐butylated ligands) or [(CuII)2(ligand)2]2+ complexes (ortho‐methoxylated ligands). Excess copper(II) then oxidizes the complex to the corresponding mononuclear CuII‐phenoxyl radical species. N2O2 tripodal ligands, in the presence of copper(II), afford directly a copper(II)‐phenoxyl radical species. Addition of more than two molar equivalents of copper(II) affords a CuII–bis(phenoxyl) diradical species. The donor set of the ligand directs the reaction towards comproportionation for ligands possessing an N3O donor set, while disproportionation is observed for ligands possessing an N2O2 donor set. These results are discussed in the light of recent results concerning the self‐processing of GO. A path involving copper(II) disproportionation is proposed for oxidation of the cross‐linked tyrosinate of GO, supporting the fact that both copper(I) and copper(II) activate the enzyme.
The early identification of dyslexia: Children with English as an additional language
Authors: Hutchinson Jane M. , Whiteley Helen E. , Smith Chris D. , Connors Liz
Published: July 2004

It is generally accepted that dyslexia should be identified early for interventions to have maximum effect. However, when children speak English as an additional language (EAL), diagnosis is more complex and there is concern that these children tend to be under‐identified. This paper reports a longitudinal study following the development of phonological awareness skills in relation to progress in learning to read with a cohort of British Asian children learning EAL and their monolingual peers. It also sought to determine the usefulness of a measure of phonological skills for the identification of dyslexic‐type difficulties in children learning EAL. Analysis revealed that both cohorts achieved similar levels of reading accuracy in school Years 2, 4 and 6, with higher levels of reading comprehension for the monolingual children and faster reading fluency for children learning EAL in each school year. There was a similar pattern of relationships between the reading measures and measures of phonological awareness for both groups of children. However, monolingual children achieved higher levels of rhyme detection and alliteration fluency whilst the children learning EAL achieved faster number naming times.

Overall, a phonological assessment battery was useful in identifying reading accuracy related difficulties in both groups of children. However, concerns are raised about the sensitivity of such measures following the introduction of the Literacy Hour. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Working memory: Its role in dyslexia and other specific learning difficulties
Authors: Jeffries Sharman , Everatt John
Published: July 2004

This paper reports a study contrasting dyslexic children against a control group of children without special educational needs (SEN) and a group with varied SENs. Children's abilities were compared on tasks assessing phonological processing, visuo‐spatial/motor coordination and executive/inhibitory functioning; being targeted for assessment based on theoretical proposals related to the working memory model. Primary and secondary school level children were tested: 21 assessed as dyslexic with no comorbid difficulties, 26 children assessed with difficulties including dyspraxia, emotional/behavioural problems and attention deficits, 40 children with no known education‐related deficits were controls. Results indicated both SEN groups performed worse than controls on working memory phonological loop measures. However, SEN groups could only be differentiated on phonological awareness measures: the dyslexics showing lower scores. Dyslexics performed as well as controls on working memory visuo‐spatial scratch pad measures and one of two additional visual–motor coordination tasks, whereas the performance of the other SEN children was lowest on the majority of these measures. Central executive and interference measures engendered mixed performances, both SEN groups showing evidence of deficits in one or more of these areas of functioning, although, of the two SEN groups, the dyslexics seem to have performed the worse when digit name processing was required. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lithium tert‐Butyl[phenyl(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino)boryl]amide: A Versatile Reagent
Authors: Braun Ulrike , Habereder Tassilo , Nöth Heinrich
Published: July 2004

A new synthesis of tmp(PhB)N(tBuNLi) (1, tmp = 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino) is presented. Compound 1 reacts with many group 13−15 halides, as well as with BH3·THF, to afford, in most cases, compounds of the type tmp(PhB)NtBu−ERn−1 (E = B, Al, Ga, In, Ge, Sn, P, As, Sb, and R = H, Me, Hal). The borane, alane, gallane and indane derivatives have cyclic structures, as shown by X‐ray structure determinations, whereas ERn−1 = GeCl3, SnMe3, SnMe2Cl, SnCl, catecholatophosphanyl, AsCl2 and SbCl2 are noncyclic, although the arsane and stibane derivatives show weak intramolecular E−N coordination to the tmp−N atom. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Chemopreventive effects of vanadium toward 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced genotoxicity and preneoplastic lesions in rat colon
Authors: Kanna P. Suresh , Mahendrakumar C.B. , Indira B.N. , Srivastawa Sunil , Kalaiselvi K. , Elayaraja T. , Chatterjee Malay
Published: July 2004

In the present study, we have evaluated the antitumor effects of vanadium by monitoring DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) during the early preneoplastic stage of 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (1,2‐DMH)‐induced colon cancer in male rats. Treatment with 20 mg/kg 1,2‐DMH for 6 weeks resulted in the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), a putative preneoplastic lesion associated with colon cancer development, while cotreatment with ammonium monovanadate (0.5 ppm in the drinking water) reduced ACF formation by 50% (P < 0.001). The 6‐week treatment with 1,2‐DMH also resulted in significantly higher levels of DNA damage in rat colon as measured by the Comet assay (higher mean values for length‐to‐width ratios (L:W) of DNA mass (P < 0.01) and mean frequencies of cells with comets (P < 0.001)). The vanadium cotreatment reduced DNA damage in colon cells by 32% (P < 0.02 and P < 0.001 for L:W and tailed cells, respectively). 1,2‐DMH treatment also produced a 10‐fold increase in the frequency of CAs in rat colon (P < 0.001), while cotreatment with vanadium resulted in a reduction in CAs after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of 1,2‐DMH exposure (P < 0.01). Analysis of antioxidant defense enzyme activity in colonic mucosa indicated that glutathione reductase and catalase activities were increased in 1,2‐DMH‐treated rats; cotreatment with vanadium reduced these activities when compared to the carcinogen control (P < 0.001 and P < 0.02). These results demonstrate that the early protective effect of vanadium in chemically induced rat colon carcinogenesis may be mediated by a reduction of carcinogen‐induced DNA damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 44:113–118, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo mutation in gene A of splenic lymphocytes from ΦX174 transgenic mice
Authors: Valentine Carrie R. , Raney Jessica L. , Shaddock Joseph G. , Dobrovolsky Vasily N. , Delongchamp Robert R.
Published: July 2004

Single‐burst analysis was applied to a forward assay for gene A mutation in splenic lymphocytes of ΦX174 transgenic mice for the purpose of optimizing analytical parameters for identifying in vivo mutations. The effect of varying the cutoff value for an in vivo burst on induced mutant frequency, fold increase, and the significance of the difference between control and N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU)‐treated mice was calculated by two different methods. The plating density was reduced to an average of less than 10 background mutant plaques per aliquot in order to separate in vitro bursts. The spectrum of mutations contributing < 60 plaques per aliquot from control animals was not significantly different from the control spectra from E. coli or transgenic ΦX174 cells in culture. The mutant spectra from ENU‐treated animals was highly different between mutant bursts of > 80 plaques per aliquot compared to mutations contributing < 60 plaques per aliquot (P < 0.000001), the former fitting the spectrum expected for ENU‐induced mutations. The latter spectrum was also different from control animals and E. coli (P < 0.000001), suggesting the difference was caused by ex vivo mutation. With the mutations found in this study, the total number of reported target sites for gene A is now 33. The results support the interpretation that, in contrast to results for the lacI transgene, 100% of mutants isolated in gene A from control animals and cells were fixed in E. coli. We attribute the difference between the two genes to hot‐spot sites for mutation in gene A and to a testable hypothesis that the mosaic plaque assay for the lacI transgene underestimates the frequency of ex vivo mutants. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 44:128–150, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of two particulate hexavalent chromium compounds: Barium chromate is more genotoxic than lead chromate in human lung cells
Authors: Wise Sandra S. , Schuler Julie H.C. , Holmes Amie L. , Katsifis Spiros P. , Ketterer Michael E. , Hartsock Wendy J. , Zheng Tongzhang , Wise John Pierce
Published: July 2004

Particulate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are well‐established human lung carcinogens. However, their carcinogenic mechanisms are poorly understood as most investigators have used soluble Cr(VI) compounds. Recent work from our laboratory has found that barium chromate (BC) is also cytotoxic and clastogenic. To understand how BC relates to existing data on other particulate Cr(VI) compounds, we compared its cytotoxicity and clastogenicity with lead chromate (LC), which has been used as a prototypical particulate Cr(VI) compound, in WTHBF‐6 cells, a near‐normal human lung cell line. We found that BC is a more potent cytotoxicant, inducing 67%, 12%, 3%, and 0% relative survival at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 μg/cm2, respectively, while LC induced 90%, 71%, 43%, and 15% survival at these same concentrations. We found that BC was also more clastogenic, damaging 22% and 49% of metaphase cells at 0.1 and 0.5 μg/cm2, and causing complete cell cycle arrest at 1 and 5 μg/cm2. By contrast, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/cm2 LC damaged 10%, 27%, and 37% of metaphase cells, respectively, and complete cell cycle arrest was not observed until a concentration of 5 μg/cm2 was reached. We found that BC and LC both partially dissolved in complete medium in the presence of cells, producing similar extracellular concentrations. Both compounds were also comparable with respect to particle uptake and the amount of intracellular Cr ions. Considering previous reports showing that lead ions were inactive and that sodium chromate and LC have similar clastogenic potencies, these data suggest that BC genotoxicity may not be solely mediated by Cr ions, but also involve some clastogenic activity of barium ions. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 44:156–162, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrodynamics and sediment flux of hoa in an Indian Ocean atoll
Authors: Kench P. S. , McLean R. F.
Published: July 2004

Detailed hydrodynamic and sediment ﬂux measurements are reported from 11 hoa (shallow cross‐reef channels) in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean. All hoa exhibit unidirectional oceanside reef to lagoon ﬂuxes. These currents are driven by tides, wave set‐up and incident waves, and the presence of islands that generate alongshore gradients so that currents ﬂow toward the topographic low points of hoa entrances in the reef rim. Two functional groups of hoa are identiﬁed that extend Chevalier's typology of hoa and possess different process signatures. Sediment‐limited hoa (SLH) are efﬁcient conduits of sediment transport. They are located close to the reef rim where incident wave energy propagates across the reef crest into the hoa and is able to entrain sediment. Transport‐limited hoa (TLH) are characterized by low rates of sediment transport because incident wave energy is negligible as they are located much further from the reef edge than SLH. In the absence of an entrainment mechanism the oceanside reef ﬂat is laden with sediment. Storm energy increases transport efﬁciency through hoa. However, the net sedimentation response differs between the two hoa types. Proximity to the reef edge means that frequent storms ﬂush sediment from SLH increasing hoa depth and enhancing the potential for erosion of the conglomerate boundary. In contrast, the greater reef width fronting TLH means that sediment transport from reef ﬂats to the lagoon is only activated during infrequent storms. The contrasting process signatures account for morphological differences between sediment‐limited hoa (lagoonward decrease in depth and increase in width), and transport‐limited hoa (lagoonward increase in depth). The number and type of functional hoa are found to have signiﬁcant implications for the rate of lagoon sedimentation in enclosed atolls. In general, an increase in frequency of functional hoa and increased proportion of SLH will promote more rapid rates of lagoon inﬁll. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Back to our future? The Consensus Conference and Combined‐Integrated model of doctoral training in professional psychology
Authors: Shealy Craig N. , Cobb Harriet C. , Crowley Susan L. , Nelson Paul , Peterson Gary
Published: July 2004

Is it possible and advisable for the profession of psychology to articulate and endorse a common, generalist, and integrative framework for the education and training of its students? At the Consensus Conference on Combined and Integrated Doctoral Training in Psychology, held at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, VA (USA), May 2 to 4, 2003, participants from across the spectrum of education and training in professional psychology ultimately answered “yes.” This article, the first in this special series on the Consensus Conference and Combined‐Integrated (C‐I) model of doctoral training in professional psychology, essentially provides an overview of the conference rationale, participants, goals, proceedings, and results. Because the other 12 articles in this series all reference the Consensus Conference and C‐I model, this overview provides a good starting point for understanding what occurred at the conference, what it means to educate and train from a C‐I perspective, and what the potential implications of such a model might be for the profession of psychology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Overlap among clinical, counseling, and school psychology: Implications for the profession and Combined‐Integrated training
Authors: Cobb Harriet C. , Reeve Ronald E. , Shealy Craig N. , Norcross John C. , Schare Mitchell L. , Rodolfa Emil R. , Hargrove David S. , Hall Judy E. , Allen Mardi
Published: July 2004

Health care providers within psychology currently fall into three dominant practice areas: clinical, counseling, and school psychology. This article reviews data from four different sources—archival descriptions, training curricula, internship and employment outcomes, and professional activities—to examine the overlap among the three practice areas. Archival descriptions revealed substantial similarities, with smaller but interesting differences. A comparison of actual curricula from 10 programs accredited in each of the three practice areas yielded similar findings: Programs across the three practice areas were much more similar than different. Within‐practice area variations among programs were nearly as large as across‐practice area differences. We briefly review the professional activities of clinical, counseling, and school psychologists, again demonstrating considerable similarity. We conclude by explaining implications for doctoral training programs, internships settings, and professional credentialing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Voices of the five doctoral training councils in psychology: Seeking common ground on Combined‐Integrated doctoral training in psychology
Authors: Blom‐Hoffman Jessica , Okun Barbara F. , Lifter Karin , Blashfield Roger , Crowley Susan L. , Goodyear Rodney K. , Strein William , Winfrey LaPearl Logan
Published: July 2004

Doctoral training programs in psychology are accredited by the American Psychological Association in four areas: Clinical, Counseling, School, and Combined‐Integrated (C‐I) psychology. Each area of doctoral preparation in psychology has its own council, which represents its interests within the field and to external constituents. Despite the fact that Combined‐Integrated training programs have existed since the mid‐1970s, the Consortium representing this area's interests only formed in the past two years. The purpose of this article was to obtain input from representatives of all five training councils regarding the role of the newly formed council in relation to the other councils and the role of Combined‐Integrated training. We begin with a brief description of each of the five councils. We then summarize the representatives' responses to narrative questions regarding advantages and disadvantages associated with meeting to discuss the combined model. Finally, common and divergent themes across the councils in training psychologists are presented, and the future role for Combined‐Integrated programs is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
The Consensus Conference and Combined‐Integrated model of doctoral training in professional psychology— Overview of Part 1: Nature and scope of the Combined‐Integrated model
Authors: Shealy Craig N.
Published: July 2004

This special series of articles on the Consensus Conference and Combined‐Integrated (C‐I) model of doctoral training in professional psychology consists of 13 articles in two successive volumes of the Journal of Clinical Psychology. Six articles are presented in Part 1 (Vol. 60, Issue 9), which collectively describe the “nature and scope” of the C‐I model (e.g., historic and definitional issues; the potential advantages of this model; implications for the profession). In Part 2 of this special series (Vol. 60, Issue 10), articles 7 through 12 address the broader implications and potential applications of the C‐I model within a range of professional and societal contexts (e.g., for interprofessional collaboration; the health care field; development of a global curriculum; the unified psychology movement; issues of assessment and professional identity; and higher education); article 13 provides a summary of the series as well as a discussion of future directions. As an overview, this paper provides the abstract for each of the articles in Part 1, and describes the various topics of the articles in Part 2. Taken together, the articles in this special series are designed to provide a coherent account of how and why the C‐I model is timely and relevant, and therefore warrants serious consideration by the larger education and training community in professional psychology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Increased expression of nitric oxide synthase in visual structures of the chick brain after retinal removal
Authors: Torrão Andréa S. , Britto Luiz R.G.
Published: July 2004

Nitric oxide (NO) seems to act as a retrograde messenger in the establishment and refinement of synaptic connections during development and in neural plasticity processes in adult life. Previous studies have shown that the expression of NO synthase (NOS) in the optic tectum of developing chicks is regulated by the retinal innervation. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of unilateral retinal lesions upon the expression of NOS in central visual areas of the adult chick brain. After different survival times (1–30 days), the chick brains were submitted to immunohistochemical, immunoblotting, and NO imaging procedures to evaluate NOS expression and activity. Our results indicate that NOS expression in visual areas is also regulated by retinal innervation in the adult chick. However, differently from the case in the developing animal, the deafferentation seems to generate an increase of the NOS expression in retinorecipient visual areas. Our results suggest that NOS expression in visual structures of the adult chick brain may be down‐regulated by the retinal innervation. Alternatively, the increase of NOS expression observed after retinal removal could be an indicative of a role of the NO system in plasticity processes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Who's afraid of that ad? Applying segmentation to the protection motivation model
Authors: Arthur Damien , Quester Pascale
Published: July 2004

The protection motivation model has contributed usefully to researchers' understanding of fear appeals in advertising. However, the empirical evidence reported to date in the literature has been mixed. This article proposes and tests a revised model including two segmenting variables as a means to resolve some of the differences evident in past research. With the use of data derived from an experimental study of juveniles' response to a range of antismoking advertising treatments, empirical support was found for the mediating role of fear in predicting behavioral intentions and for the influence of individual differences. The results, however, did not confirm the moderating role of response or self‐efficacy. Future research is clearly needed to further validate the revised protection motivation model. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Means–end analysis: Does the affective state influence information processing style?
Authors: Huber Frank , Beckmann Suzanne C. , Herrmann Andreas
Published: July 2004

Means–end theory aims at explaining how consumers evaluate products by linking relevant attributes to perceived consequences to desired ends in a hierarchical way, based on core assumptions of cognitive psychology about human information processing. This study investigates the influence of affective states on information processing styles in a means–end measurement situation, thus taking into account an important antecedent and correlate of human decision making and behavior that has received scarce attention so far in the methodological literature on means–end chains. The results reveal that a person's affective state indeed influences the style of information processing. Respondents in a positive mood used more general knowledge structures and processed the laddering questionnaire faster than respondents in a negative or neutral mood. The laddering technique, which measures means–end chains, thus seems to be sensitive to situational effects, and this finding indicates that affective states then also might have an influence on product knowledge and the decision‐making process in a purchase situation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung der Dehnratenabhängigkeit von modernen Karosseriestählen
Authors: Bleck W. , Frehn A. , Larour P. , Steinbeck G.
Published: July 2004

In einem Projekt, das gemeinsam von der Automobil‐ und Stahlindustrie durchgeführt wurde, stand u. a. die Ermittlung der dynamischen Eigenschaften von Karosseriestählen im Mittelpunkt. Hierfür wurden 20 Stähle für Feinblech in dynamischen Zugversuchen bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen (‐40, 23 und 100 °C) und Dehnraten (1, 20, 250 und 500 s‐1) im Anlieferungszustand und zusätzlich in verschiedenen Vorverformungs‐ und Wärmebehandlungszuständen untersucht. Es zeigte sich eine unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägte Temperatur‐ und Dehnratenabhängigkeit für einzelne Stahlgruppen. Niedrig legierte ferritische Stähle offenbarten bei niedrigen Prüftemperaturen in Kombination mit hohen Prüfgeschwindigkeiten ein deutlich reduziertes Verfestigungspotenzial. Andererseits wiesen Mehrphasen‐Stähle dieses Verhalten nicht auf; auch bei dieser Parameterkonstellation wurde eine erhebliche Verfestigungsneigung festgestellt. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, wie wichtig experimentell ermittelte Daten für die FEM‐Crashsimulation sind. Dabei bleibt es unerlässlich, die Daten in dynamischen Zugversuchen im relevanten Temperatur‐ und Geschwindigkeitsbereich zu ermitteln, da eine Interpolation der Daten aus dem quasistatischen Zugversuch zu erheblichen Fehlinterpretationen des Werkstoffverhaltens führen kann.
Werkstoffkennwerte für die Lebensdauerberechnung von Strukturen aus Stahlfeinblechen für den Automobilbau
Authors: Sonsino C. M. , Kaufmann H. , Masendorf R. , Hatscher A. , Zenner H. , Bork C.‐P. , Hinterdorfer J. , Sonne H. M. , Engl B. , Steinbeck G.
Published: July 2004

Im Rahmen eines gemeinschaftlichen Projektes der Stahl‐ und Automobilindustrie wurden für 17 Stahlfeinbleche des Automobilbaus in verschiedenen Anlieferungs‐ und Verformungszuständen unter ‐40 °C, Raumtemperatur und +100 °C mit 37 Versuchsreihen Anrisswöhlerlinien und zügige bzw. zyklische Spannung‐Dehnung‐Kurven bestimmt. Sämtliche Versuchspunkte, Hysteresen und ermittelte zyklische Kennwerte liegen in einer Datenbank vor. Eine Korrelationen zwischen den Kennwerten aus dem Zugversuch und den Kennwerten aus den zyklischen, dehnungsgeregelten Versuchen ist grundsätzlich möglich.
Parkinson's disease home diary: Further validation and implications for clinical trials
Authors: Hauser Robert A. , Deckers Frieda , Lehert Philippe
Published: July 2004

We provide further validation of a Parkinson's disease (PD) home diary and explore implications for practical use in clinical trials. We previously developed and published a home PD diary that includes the categories ASLEEP, off, on without dyskinesia, on with nontroublesome dyskinesia, and on with troublesome dyskinesia [Hauser et al., J Clin Neuropharmacol 2000;23:75–81] and demonstrated that patients generally consider off time and on time with troublesome dyskinesia “bad time” and on time without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia “good time”. We suggested that that on time without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia would be an appropriate outcome measure in clinical trials of advanced PD patients. In the current study, PD patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia (present more than 25% of the awake day and at least moderately disabling) completed daily diaries on 3 consecutive days in each of 2 consecutive weeks. In addition, patients provided responses to five questions regarding dyskinesia and their motor response through the day on visual analog scales (VAS). Three hundred two patients from 10 countries participated. Eighty‐three percent (n = 252) completed six diaries without missing or duplicate entries. Seventy‐six percent of the missing or duplicate entries occurred after Day 3. Mean percent of the awake day on without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia (“good on”, ONG%) was observed to be very stable over time (repeated measure analysis of variance, P = 0.99). Coefficients of reliability as calculated by Cronbach's α were as follows: 2 days, r = 0.806; 3 days, r = 0.868; 4 days, r = 0.918; 5 days, r = 0.934; 6 days, r = 0.946. The standard error of measurement (SEM) was calculated to be 10.75%. VAS responses to the question, “How much of the day today did you experience a good response?” more strongly correlated with ONG% (0.41) than ON% (0.24). The diary appears to be sufficiently simple and feasible. Test–retest reliability was good, and reliability increased with increasing number of diary days but compliance diminished beyond 3 days. Good on time (ONG = on time without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia) most strongly correlated with patients' perceived duration of a good response through the day and is an important outcome variable. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society