bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of Ag-exchanged levyne intergrown with erionite: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Molecular Dynamics simulations
Authors: Cametti Georgia , Churakov Sergey V.
Published: May 2020

The modification of natural zeolites via ion exchange is an efficient technique used to improve their performances and tune their properties for specific applications. In this study, a natural levyne-Ca intergrown with erionite was fully exchanged by Ag+ and its structure [with idealized chemical composition Ag6(Si,Al)18O36·18H2O] was investigated by combining a theoretical and experimental approach. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data demonstrated that Ag-levyne maintained the R3m space group, characteristic of the natural levyne. Ag ions distribute over partially occupied sites along the threefold axis and, differently from the pristine material, at the wall of the 8-membered ring window of the lev cavity. The lack of ~30% of Ag ions that could not be located by the structural refinement is ascribed to the strong disorder of the extraframework occupants. The structural results obtained by Molecular Dynamics simulations are in overall agreement with the experimental data and showed that, on average, Ag+ is surrounded by ~2 H2O and 1 framework oxygen at distances between 2.43 and 2.6 Å. Molecular Dynamics trajectories indicate that the occurrence of silver inside the D6R cage depends on the water content: silver occupancy of D6R cages is estimated to be 83, 30, and 0% when the structure contains 3, 2.5, and 2 H2O per Ag ion, respectively.

The cation-exchange process, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) spectrometry, affects the intergrown erionite as well. A structural characterization of the Ag-erionite phase (with dimension <100 μm) was possible by means of a CuKα micro-focus source: structure solution pointed to P63/mmc space group, indicating no change with respect to natural erionite. In agreement with previous studies, K ions in the cancrinite cage could not be exchanged, whereas Ag+ is found in the eri cavity.
Sustainability reporting assessment for quality and compliance: the case of Ukrainian banks’ management reports
Authors: Makarenko Inna , Sukhonos Victor , V. Zhuravlyova Iryna , Legenchuk Sergiy , Szołno Olga
Published: May 2020

Management report is a new form of sustainability reporting (SR) in Ukraine, and its assessment for quality of environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria disclosure and compliance among banks plays a crucial role for auditors in the verification process. The Quality and Compliance Bank Management Reports (Q&C BMR) Index methodology was developed for this purpose. The methodology includes a range of formal, content, assurance and disclosure scorings. According to the results of a continuous assessment of these management reports of 75 state, private and foreign-owned banks in Ukraine for the 2018 fiscal year, the average Q&C BMR Index is 61.2%. This indicates a fairly high level of quality and compliance with regulatory requirements for disclosure by banks of Ukraine in their SR. Differentiation of the studied population of banks in terms of Q&C BMR Index allowed distinguishing the following rating groups: А – leaders, B – pursuers, C – starters, and D – outsiders. There is a clear trend in the relationship between the ownership of a bank and its Q&C BMR index. Despite the rather high average value of the index, there is an opportunity to improve Ukrainian banks’ SR in the context of its further standardization and disclosure of the full set of ESGs – a criterion for all rating groups (especially C and D). Q&C BMR Index can be used as a benchmark by banks, regulators and auditors when comparing the level of disclosure by banks and their transparency.
AcknowledgmentThe comments of an editor and anonymous referees have been gratefully acknowledged. Inna Makarenko gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine – Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility for Sustainable Development: Partnership of Stakeholders in the Real, Financial and Public Sectors of the Economy (0117U003933).
Pengaruh Pendidikan Gizi terhadap Sikap, Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, dan Air pada Anggota Pramuka
Authors: Farida Farida , Sari Hesti Permata , Sulistyaning Afina Rachma , Zaki Ibnu
Published: May 2020

The study was aimed to analyze the effect of nutritional education on attitude changes and increased of macronutrients and water intake in scout teenagers. The study was quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test control group design. The treatment group was given nutritional education four times during one month. Pre-test was conducted a week before intervention and post-test was conducted a week after intervention. Subjects were all members of Saka Bhayangkara and Saka Wira Kartika Scout. The result showed that nutritional education was significant improved median value of attitude score and increased (p <0,05). macronutrients intake in treatment group. The average of macronutrients intake in treatment group, before and after intervention were 1137,8±178,7 Kcal and 1490,4± 206,6 Kcal/day for energy; 40,4 ± 9,8 g/day and 60,8 ± 9,3g/day for protein; 38,5 ± 12,6 g/day and 59,3 ± 9,4 g/day for fat; 155,6 ± 29,5 g/day and 177,6 ± 33,5 g/day for carbohydrates; 782,4±347,7 mL and 834,6±383,2 mL for water. Nutritional education improved nutrition attitudes and increased macro-nutrient intake among scout.
Hubungan Status Gizi, Pengetahuan, dan Suhu Tubuh dengan Asupan Cairan pada Ibu Hamil di Jakarta Barat
Authors: Mar'ah Husnul , Briawan Dodik , Tanziha Ikeu
Published: May 2020

This research has the aim to analyze the relationship of nutritional status, knowledge, body temperature with fluid intake in pregnant women in West Jakarta. This study design used a cross sectional approach, with number of subjects 84 pregnant women in West Jakarta. Sampling using a purposive sampling method. The nutritional status of pregnant women was obtained based on the weight record before pregnancy. Subject knowledge and fluid intake were obtained by interview with questionnaire. The subject's body temperature was measured with a digital thermometer. Analysis of the relationship between nutritional status, knowledge, and body temperature with fluid intake using the Spearman test. Based on the test of the relationship of nutritional status with fluid intake, the value of p = 0,002 was obtained. Analysis of the relationship of knowledge with fluid intake obtained p = 0,022 and the relationship between body temperature and fluid intake obtained p = 0,089. The conclusion that can be obtained is that there is a relationship between, nutritional status, knowledge with fluid intake, and  body temperature has no relationship with fluid intake.
First 100 Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Evaluation of Preventive Measures Taken By Countries
Authors: ATAC Omer , ÇAVDAR Sabanur , TOKAÇ Ayşe Zülal
Published: May 2020

Aim: The aim of the study is, evaluation of the pandemic data of and measures taken by 20 countries with the highest reported number of cases in the first 100 days of the pandemic, in terms of demographic data and healthcare resources.Materials and Methods: The data used in the study were obtained from ECDC, OECD and Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. The countries were categorized into two groups, early-onset and late-onset countries, in terms of their date of first confirmed cases and Stringency Index (SI) were calculated. Results: United States has the highest number of cases (432,132). France was the first country to report death, outside of China. Top three countries with the highest Case Fatality Rate (CFR) are France (13.25), Italy (12.67) and United Kingdom (11.69). There was a strong negative correlation between “total death/total population proportion” and the intensive care unit bed per million population (r= -0.720; p= 0.008). The ‘’proportion of ≥65 age’’ was found to have a moderately positive correlation with “total case / total population proportion” as well as “total death / total population proportion” (r= 0.687; p= 0.001; r= 0.635; p= 0.003, respectively). In the late-onset countries, the logarithmic growth of both case and death numbers is faster than the early-onset countries. The SI is higher in late-onset counties both on the dates of logarithmic growth in the number of cases and on the 100th day of the pandemic. Restrictions on international travel is the earliest measure taken by countries. Turkey is the only country to implement 3 of 9 measures before its first case.Discussion and Conclusion: The first encounter dates of countries with the pandemic are important in terms of preparedness. Despite, late-onset countries benefited from the experiences of early-onset countries and implemented measures, the emergence of cases and deaths could not be prevented. Moreover, the increase in cases and deaths was faster. Countries which have more elderly population are affected more adversely. Because the transmission patterns of the pandemic are related with country-specific characteristics, all variables that have an impact on the pandemic should be considered.
Therapeutic and Mechanistic Effects of Curcumin in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Labanca Fabiana , Ullah Hammad , Khan Haroon , Milella Luigi , Xiao Jianbo , Dajic-Stevanovic Zora , Jeandet Philippe
Published: May 2020

Curcumin is a spice derived nutraceutical which gained tremendous attention because
of its profound medicinal values. It alters a number of molecular pathways such as nuclear
factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), signal transducer and activator of
transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cyclooxygenases-2
(COX‐2), which make it potential therapeutic choice in treating multiple disorders. It also possesses
the potential to prevent protein aggregation and thus protect against degeneration of neurons
in neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington’s disease (HD). HD is an autosomal dominant
disorder linked with altered gene expression which leads to an increase in the size of cytosine, adenine
and guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats, aids in protein aggregation throughout the brain and
thus damages neurons. Upstream regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade are two
important factors that drive HD progression. Available therapies just suppress the severity of symptoms
with a number of side effects. Curcumin targets multiple mechanisms in treating or preventing
HD including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, metal ion chelation, transcriptional alterations
and upregulating activity of molecular chaperons, heat shock proteins (HSPs). Having a
favorable safety profile, curcumin can be an alternative therapeutic choice in treating neurodegenerative
disorders like HD. This review will focus on mechanistic aspects of curcumin in treating or
preventing HD and its potential to arrest disease progression and will open new dimensions for safe
and effective therapeutic agents in diminishing HD.
Wildfire-Like Effect of a WhatsApp Campaign to Mobilize a Group of Predominantly Health Professionals With a University Degree on a Health Issue: Infodemiology Study
Authors: Kopilaš Vanja , Gajović Srećko
Published: May 2020

Background

Online interactions within a closed WhatsApp group can influence the attitudes and behaviors of the users in relation to health issues.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the activity of the members of a WhatsApp group initiated to raise awareness of the possible health effects of 5G mobile networks and mobilize members to sign the related petition.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from the WhatsApp group of 205 members that was active during 4 consecutive days in August 2019. The messages exchanged were collected, anonymized, and analyzed according to their timing and content.

Results

The WhatsApp group members were invited to the group from the administrator’s contacts; 91% (187/205) had a university degree, 68% (140/205) were medical professionals, and 24% (50/205) held academic positions. Approximately a quarter of the members (47/205, 23%) declared in their messages they signed the corresponding petition. The intense message exchange had wildfire-like features, and the majority of messages (126/133, 95%) were exchanged during the first 26 hours. Despite the viral activity and high rate of members openly declaring that they signed the petition, only 8 (8/133, 6%) messages from the group members, excluding the administrator, referred to the health issue, which was the topic of the group. No member expressed an opposite opinion to those presented by the administrator, and there was no debate in the form of exchanging opposite opinions.

Conclusions

The wildfire-like activity of the WhatsApp group and open declaration of signing the petition as a result of the mobilization campaign were not accompanied by any form of a debate related to the corresponding health issue, although the group members were predominantly health professionals, with a quarter of holding academic positions.
COVID-19: Putting the General Data Protection Regulation to the Test
Authors: McLennan Stuart , Celi Leo Anthony , Buyx Alena
Published: May 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is very much a global health issue and requires collaborative, international health research efforts to address it. A valuable source of information for researchers is the large amount of digital health data that are continuously collected by electronic health record systems at health care organizations. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will be the key legal framework with regard to using and sharing European digital health data for research purposes. However, concerns persist that the GDPR has made many organizations very risk-averse in terms of data sharing, even if the regulation permits such sharing. Health care organizations focusing on individual risk minimization threaten to undermine COVID-19 research efforts. In our opinion, there is an ethical obligation to use the research exemption clause of the GDPR during the COVID-19 pandemic to support global collaborative health research efforts. Solidarity is a European value, and here is a chance to exemplify it by using the GDPR regulatory framework in a way that does not hinder but actually fosters solidarity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Virtual 3D Dynamic Model of Caries Lesion Progression as a Learning Object for Caries Detection Training and Teaching: Video Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lara Juan Sebastian , Braga Mariana Minatel , Zagatto Carlos Gustavo , Wen Chao Lung , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Murisi Pedroza Uribe , Haddad Ana Estela
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

In the last decade, 3D virtual models have been used for educational purposes in the health sciences, specifically for teaching human anatomy and pathology. These models provide an opportunity to didactically visualize key spatial relations that can be poorly understood when taught by traditional educational approaches. Caries lesion detection is a crucial process in dentistry that has been reported to be difficult to learn. One especially difficult aspect is linking clinical characteristics of the different severity stages with their histological features, which is fundamental for treatment decision-making.

OBJECTIVE

This project was designed to develop a virtual 3D digital model of caries lesion formation and progression to aid the detection of lesions at different severity stages as a potential complement to traditional lectures.

METHODS

Pedagogical planning, including identification of objectives, exploration of the degree of difficulty of caries diagnosis–associated topics perceived by dental students and lecturers, review of the literature regarding key concepts, and consultation of experts, was performed prior to constructing the model. An educational script strategy was created based on the topics to be addressed (dental tissues, biofilm stagnation areas, the demineralization process, caries lesion progression on occlusal surfaces, clinical characteristics related to different stages of caries progression, and histological correlations). Virtual 3D models were developed using the Virtual Man Project and refined using multiple 3D software applications. In the next phase, computer graphic modelling and previsualization were executed. After that, the video was revised and edited based on suggestions. Finally, explanatory subtitles were generated, the models were textured and rendered, and voiceovers in 3 languages were implemented.

RESULTS

We developed a 6-minute virtual 3D dynamic video in 3 languages (English, Spanish, and Brazilian Portuguese) intended for dentists and dental students to support teaching and learning of caries lesion detection. The videos were made available on YouTube; to date, they have received more than 100,000 views.

CONCLUSIONS

Complementary pedagogical tools are valuable to support cariology education. This tool will be further tested in terms of utility and usability as well as user satisfaction in achieving the proposed objectives in specific contexts.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of an Extended Planned Risk Information Seeking Model on Mental Health Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Niu Zhaomeng , Willoughby Jessica Fitts , Mei Jing , Li Shaochun , Hu Pengwei
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Approximately 42.5 million adults have been affected by mental illness in the United States in 2013, and 173 million people have been affected by a diagnosable psychiatric disorder in China. An increasing number of people tend to seek health information on the Web, and it is important to understand the factors associated with individuals’ mental health information seeking. Identifying factors associated with mental health information seeking may influence the disease progression of potential patients.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to test the planned risk information seeking model (PRISM) in China and the United States with a chronic disease, mental illness, and two additional factors, ie, media use and cultural identity, among college students.

METHODS

Data were collected in both countries using the same online survey through a survey management program (Qualtrics). In China, college instructors distributed the survey link among university students, and it was also posted on a leading social media site called Sina Weibo. In the United States, the data were collected in a college-wide survey pool in a large Northwestern university.

RESULTS

The final sample size was 235 for the Chinese sample and 241 for the US sample. Media use was significantly associated with mental health information–seeking intentions in the Chinese sample (P<.001), and cultural identity was significantly associated with intentions in both samples (China: P=.02; United States: P<.001). The extended PRISM had a better model fit than the original PRISM.

CONCLUSIONS

Cultural identity and media use should be considered when evaluating the process of mental health information seeking or when designing interventions to address mental health information seeking.
Android and iPhone Mobile Apps for Psychosocial Wellness and Stress Management: Systematic Search in App Stores and Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lau Nancy , O'Daffer Alison , Colt Susannah , Yi-Frazier Joyce P , Palermo Tonya M , McCauley Elizabeth , Rosenberg Abby R
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

In an oversaturated market of publicly available mobile apps for psychosocial self-care and stress management, health care providers, patients, and consumers interested in mental health–related apps may wonder which, if any, are efficacious. Readily available metrics for consumers include user popularity and media buzz rather than scientific evidence.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aimed to (1) examine the breadth of therapeutic contents and features of psychosocial wellness and stress management apps available to self-help seekers for public download and (2) determine which of these apps have original research support.

METHODS

First, we conducted a systematic review of publicly available apps on the iPhone App Store (Apple Inc) and Android Google Play (Google LLC) platforms using conventional self-help-seeking search terms related to wellness and stress. The results were limited to English-language apps available for free download. In total, 2 reviewers independently evaluated all apps and discussed the findings to reach 100% consensus regarding inclusion. Second, a literature review was conducted on the included apps to identify supporting studies with original data collection.

RESULTS

We screened 3287 apps and found 1009 psychosocial wellness and stress management apps. Content varied widely. The most common evidence-based strategy was mindfulness-meditation, followed by positive psychology and goal setting. Most apps were intended to be used as self-help interventions, with only 1.09% (11/1009) involving an electronic therapist and 1.88% (19/1009) designed as a supplement to in-person psychotherapy. Only 4.66% (47/1009) of apps targeted individuals with psychological disorders, and less than 1% of apps (6/1009, 0.59%) targeted individuals with other chronic illnesses. Approximately 2% (21/1009, 2.08%) were supported by original research publications, with a total of 25 efficacy studies and 10 feasibility studies. The Headspace mindfulness app had the most evidence, including 8 efficacy studies. Most other scientifically backed apps were supported by a single feasibility or efficacy study.

CONCLUSIONS

Only 2.08% (21/1009) of publicly available psychosocial wellness and stress management mobile apps discoverable to self-help seekers have published, peer-reviewed evidence of feasibility and/or efficacy. Clinicians and investigators may use these findings to help patients and families navigate the volume of emerging digital health interventions for stress management and wellness.
Manifestations of mortality based global data of COVID-19; unifying global model through single parameter (Preprint)
Authors: Jindal Vijay
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Critical inspection of the world data of COVID-19 mortality rates per population number has been made and used to express extensive variations in mortality over the globe in terms of a powered parameter λ varying from 0 to 1.2 expressed as a measure of strength of primary infection, originating from China source. The copying process is degenerating successively while infection is passed on to secondary subjects. We have been able to correlate global data through this parameter; any value close to or less than 1 shows significant impact of diluted multiple secondary effect. Further, the scatter diagram shows no effect of temperature of the geographical location and so is likely as the virus is only being spread from either contact or close proximity; the virus does not need to face highs and lows of temperatures of the environment. It stays only in the range of human body temperature and appears to be stable in 36 to 40C range. If it faces the environmental temperatures it is possible for its quicker deactivation but that situation never arises for this virus except when it spreads from surfaces.
Assessing the Effect of Training on the Cognition and Brain of Older Adults: Protocol for a Three-Arm Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial (ACTOP) (Preprint)
Authors: Boujut Arnaud , Mellah Samira , Lussier Maxime , Maltezos Samantha , Verty Lynn Valeyry , Bherer Louis , Belleville Sylvie
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

To prevent age-related cognitive impairment, many intervention programs offer exercises targeting different central cognitive processes. However, the effects of different process-based training programs are rarely compared within equivalent experimental designs.

OBJECTIVE

Using a randomized double-blind controlled trial, this project aims to examine and compare the impact of 2 process-based interventions, inhibition and updating, on the cognition and brain of older adults.

METHODS

A total of 90 healthy older adults were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 training conditions: (1) inhibition (Stroop-like exercises), (2) updating (N-back-type exercises), and (3) control active (quiz game exercise). Training was provided in 12 half-hour sessions over 4 weeks. First, the performance gain observed will be measured on the trained tasks. We will then determine the extent of transfer of gain on (1) untrained tasks that rely on the same cognitive process, (2) complex working memory (WM) measurements hypothesized to involve 1 of the 2 trained processes, and (3) virtual reality tasks that were designed to mimic real-life situations that require WM. We will assess whether training increases cortical volume given that the volume of the cortex is determined by cortical area and thickness in regions known to be involved in WM or changes task-related brain activation patterns measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dose effects will be examined by measuring outcomes at different time points during training. We will also determine whether individual characteristics moderate the effect of training on cognitive and cerebral outcomes. Finally, we will evaluate whether training reduces the age-related deficit on transfer and brain outcomes, by comparing study participants to a group of 30 younger adults.

RESULTS

The project was funded in January 2017; enrollment began in October 2017 and data collection was completed in April 2019. Data analysis has begun in June 2020 and the first results should be published by the end of 2020 or early 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study will help understand the relative efficacy of 2 attentional control interventions on the cognition and the brain of older adults, as well as the moderating role of individual characteristics on training efficiency and transfer.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03532113; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03532113

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/20430
Readiness for Voice Technology in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kowalska Małgorzata , Gładyś Aleksandra , Kalańska-Łukasik Barbara , Gruz-Kwapisz Monika , Wojakowski Wojciech , Jadczyk Tomasz
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The clinical application of voice technology provides novel opportunities in the field of telehealth. However, patients’ readiness for this solution has not been investigated among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to evaluate patients’ anticipated experiences regarding telemedicine, including voice conversational agents combined with provider-driven support delivered by phone.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study enrolled patients with chronic CVD who were surveyed using a validated investigator-designed questionnaire combining 19 questions (eg, demographic data, medical history, preferences for using telehealth services). Prior to the survey, respondents were educated on the telemedicine services presented in the questionnaire while being assisted by a medical doctor. Responses were then collected and analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of willingness to use voice technology.

RESULTS

In total, 249 patients (mean age 65.3, SD 13.8 years; 158 [63.5%] men) completed the questionnaire, which showed good repeatability in the validation procedure. Of the 249 total participants, 209 (83.9%) reported high readiness to receive services allowing for remote contact with a cardiologist (176/249, 70.7%) and telemonitoring of vital signs (168/249, 67.5%). The voice conversational agents combined with provider-driven support delivered by phone were shown to be highly anticipated by patients with CVD. The readiness to use telehealth was statistically higher in people with previous difficulties accessing health care (OR 2.920, 95% CI 1.377-6.192) and was most frequent in city residents and individuals reporting a higher education level. The age and sex of the respondents did not impact the intention to use voice technology (P=.20 and P=.50, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with cardiovascular diseases, including both younger and older individuals, declared high readiness for voice technology.
Online Self-Determination Toolkit for Youth With Disabilities: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lindsay Sally , Kosareva Polina , Sukhai Mahadeo , Thomson Nicole , Stinson Jennifer
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Youth with disabilities encounter many challenges during their transition to adulthood including finding employment. Jobs are often inaccessible, and youth often face a lack of support, discriminatory attitudes, and sometimes low self-confidence. Therefore, it is critical to help youth enhance their self-determination skills to advocate for their needs in the workplace.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to describe how an online toolkit aimed to improve self-determination in advocating for needs, including disability disclosure and accommodation requests to employers, was co-created with youth with disabilities.

METHODS

We will use a mixed method design in which qualitative data (ie, focus groups and mentored discussion forum) are collected to understand the contextual factors during the intervention that could affect outcomes or explain results through the pre-post questionnaires. Fifty youths with disabilities aged 15 to 24 years will be recruited.

RESULTS

Data collection is in progress. Planned analyses include focus groups and pre-post surveys to determine the impact of the intervention on self-determination. A qualitative content analysis of the focus groups and all open-ended survey questions will be conducted to understand the impact of the toolkit.

CONCLUSIONS

Our online toolkit includes evidence-informed content that was co-created with youth who have a disability. It has potential for educational and vocational programming for youth with disabilities.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/20463
Sleep Tracking of a Commercially Available Smart Ring and Smartwatch Against Medical-Grade Actigraphy in Everyday Settings: Instrument Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Asgari Mehrabadi Milad , Azimi Iman , Sarhaddi Fatemeh , Axelin Anna , Niela-Vilén Hannakaisa , Myllyntausta Saana , Stenholm Sari , Dutt Nikil , Liljeberg Pasi , Rahmani Amir M
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Assessment of sleep quality is essential to address poor sleep quality and understand changes. Owing to the advances in the Internet of Things and wearable technologies, sleep monitoring under free-living conditions has become feasible and practicable. Smart rings and smartwatches can be employed to perform mid- or long-term home-based sleep monitoring. However, the validity of such wearables should be investigated in terms of sleep parameters. Sleep validation studies are mostly limited to short-term laboratory tests; there is a need for a study to assess the sleep attributes of wearables in everyday settings, where users engage in their daily routines.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the sleep parameters of the Oura ring along with the Samsung Gear Sport watch in comparison with a medically approved actigraphy device in a midterm everyday setting, where users engage in their daily routines.

METHODS

We conducted home-based sleep monitoring in which the sleep parameters of 45 healthy individuals (23 women and 22 men) were tracked for 7 days. Total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake after sleep onset (WASO) of the ring and watch were assessed using paired t tests, Bland-Altman plots, and Pearson correlation. The parameters were also investigated considering the gender of the participants as a dependent variable.

RESULTS

We found significant correlations between the ring’s and actigraphy’s TST (r=0.86; P<.001), WASO (r=0.41; P<.001), and SE (r=0.47; P<.001). Comparing the watch with actigraphy showed a significant correlation in TST (r=0.59; P<.001). The mean differences in TST, WASO, and SE of the ring and actigraphy were within satisfactory ranges, although there were significant differences between the parameters (P<.001); TST and SE mean differences were also within satisfactory ranges for the watch, and the WASO was slightly higher than the range (31.27, SD 35.15). However, the mean differences of the parameters between the watch and actigraphy were considerably higher than those of the ring. The watch also showed a significant difference in TST (P<.001) between female and male groups.

CONCLUSIONS

In a sample population of healthy adults, the sleep parameters of both the Oura ring and Samsung watch have acceptable mean differences and indicate significant correlations with actigraphy, but the ring outperforms the watch in terms of the nonstaging sleep parameters.
Healthcare Fusion: The Future is Here Now (Preprint)
Authors: Zhai Kevin , Masoodi Nasseer A , Yousef Mohammad S , Qoronfleh M. Walid
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Shakespeare famously wrote, “What is in a name?” What is healthcare fusion? Why is it important? Perhaps the ultimate goal for healthcare management is the delivery of effective patient-centered care in an equitable and timely manner. One essential tool to achieve this goal is an integrated and comprehensive pathway for healthcare data storage, analysis, and utilization. The potential exists for a real-time, cloud-based system that links physicians, hospitals, public health agencies, insurance and pharmaceutical companies, and most importantly, patients. The envisioned system provides a way to improve clinical quality management and deliver consistent and effective treatments. Indeed, massive integration of personalized health and large-scale epidemiological and molecular data, compounded with the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning, is underway. Here, we propose the healthcare fusion framework, which unifies the data and business sectors involved in healthcare delivery. This fusion aims to achieve culturally and demographically relevant outcomes in precision medicine and population health, in ways that appeal to stakeholders and investors. The proposed framework may prove highly relevant in informing governmental and private sector responses to infectious disease outbreaks, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).
Understanding eHealth Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Targeting Substance Use: Realist Review (Preprint)
Authors: Shams Farhud , Wong James S H , Nikoo Mohammadali , Outadi Ava , Moazen-Zadeh Ehsan , Kamel Mostafa M , Song Michael Jae , Jang Kerry L , Krausz Reinhard Michael
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

There is a growing body of evidence regarding eHealth interventions that target substance use disorders. Development and funding decisions in this area have been challenging, due to a lack of understanding of what parts of an intervention work in which context.

OBJECTIVE

We conducted a realist review of the literature on electronic cognitive behavioral therapy (eCBT) programs for substance use with the goal of answering the following realist question: “How do different eCBT interventions for substance use interact with different contexts to produce certain outcomes?”

METHODS

A literature search of published and gray literature on eHealth programs targeting substance use was conducted. After data extraction, in order to conduct a feasible realist review in a timely manner, the scope had to be refined further and, ultimately, only included literature focusing on eCBT programs targeting substance use. We synthesized the available evidence from the literature into Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations (CMOcs) in order to better understand when and how programs work.

RESULTS

A total of 54 papers reporting on 24 programs were reviewed. Our final results identified eight CMOcs from five unique programs that met criteria for relevance and rigor.

CONCLUSIONS

Five strategies that may be applied to future eCBT programs for substance use are discussed; these strategies may contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms and, ultimately, may help design more effective solutions in the future. Future research on eCBT programs should try to understand the mechanisms of program strategies and how they lead to outcomes in different contexts.
The Interaction Between Protean Career Orientation, Career Goal Development and Well-being Outcomes: Evidence from Professional Engineers
Authors: Baba Rahim Norizan
Published: May 2020

Experiencing strong personal development and growth are important for engineers, compared to professionals in other fields. Nevertheless, if career goal development behaviour is not present in sufficient quantities, engineers would be at risk if their own goals and expectations are not aligned with the companies they are working for. As a result, it may have a negative impact on their well-being. In this article, a sample of professional engineers (N=387) were utilised to examine the relationship between protean career orientation towards career goal development, career satisfaction and psychological well-being and to examine the mediating effect of career goal development between protean career orientation toward career satisfaction and psychological well-being. The research model was tested using the goal setting theory. The results of a partial least square (PLS) regression demonstrated that protean career orientation had a positive effect towards career goal development; subsequently career goal development had a positive effect on career satisfaction and psychological well-being. On the other hand, career goal development was found not to mediate the relationship between protean career orientation towards career satisfaction and psychological well-being. Based on the findings, this research suggests employers and industries encourage their unlicensed engineers to register as graduate engineers, so that later they can upgrade themselves to professional engineers’ status, as eventually this would help them to experience their job in a more meaningful way, and consequently increase their work happiness.
Pelatihan “Perencanaan Lanjut Studi” (PLANS) terhadap Efikasi Diri dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Karier pada Siswa SMP
Authors: Rahmawati Yuli , Santhoso Fauzan Heru
Published: May 2020

Permasalahan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah siswa kelas IX Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) merasa ragu dalam menetapkan pilihan studi lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji efektivitas “PLANS” untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri siswa dalam pengambilan keputusan karier. Eksperimen kuasi ini dilakukan dengan the untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples using double pretest. Subjek penelitian merupakan siswa kelas IX sejumlah 84, dengan skor efikasi diri dalam pengambilan keputusan karier tergolong sedang (42 siswa kelompok eksperimen dan 42 siswa kelompok kontrol). Mixed ANOVA dipilih karena menggabungkan dua sub-analisis yakni within subject test dan between subject test. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor efikasi diri dalam pengambilan keputusan karier sebelum dan setelah diberi perlakuan pada kelompok eksperimen (F=37,015; p<0,01). Pelatihan “PLANS” memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan efikasi diri dalam pengambilan keputusan karier sebesar 67%. Pelatihan “PLANS” memberikan kesempatan pada individu untuk memperoleh keterampilan kognitif serta perilaku baru melalui pengamatan terhadap performansi orang lain.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Akuisisi Data Infra Merah Menggunakan Pesawat Udara Tanpa Awak (UAV) untuk Memantau Aktivitas Gunungapi
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Brotopuspito Kirbani Sri , Suyanto Imam
Published: May 2020

Sebuah rancang bangun instrumen untuk sistem akuisisi data termal yang digunakan untuk pemantauan aktivitas gunungapi dengan meman-faatkan pesawat udara tanpa awak (UAV) telah dilakukan. Pesawat udara tanpa awak dipilih karena kemampuannya dalam menjangkau tubuh gunung dengan lebih mudah dan aman. Sensor infra merah digunakan sebagai muatan agar mampu mengukur suhu kawah dan permukaan gunungapi tanpa ada kontak langsung.       Sistem yang dibangun terdiri dari 3 perangkat utama, yakni sensor infra merah tipe Flir One Pro yang berfungsi sebagai kamera termal dan kamera visual, hand phone yang dilengkapi dengan software Redmi Note 5 yang berfungsi sebagai alat perekam data dan IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), serta UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) yang berfungsi sebagai pesawat udara tanpa awak yang mengangkut sensor beserta alat perekam datanya.       Uji coba telah dilakukan baik di laboratorium maupun di lapangan. Uji coba pemetaan termal dilakukan di atas kawah G. Kelud pada ketinggian jelajah 100 m pada area seluas (100x300) m2 dengan laju rata-rata 15 m/s. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa sistem telah berfungsi dengan baik, meskipun terdapat kendala yang harus diperbaiki yang berkaitan dengan waktu melakukan pemetaan. Direkomendasikan agar pemetaan termal dilakukan pada malam hari sehingga obyek yang dipetakan mempunyai background termal yang relatif tetap, dan peta termal yang dihasilkan menjadi lebih konsisten.
Komputasi Simbolik dengan REDUCE untuk Menentukan Validasi Silogisme dan Aplikasinya dalam Fisika
Authors: Hermanto Arief
Published: May 2020

Silogisme adalah sebuah bentuk argumentasi dalam logika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan program komputer dalam komputasi simbolik untuk menentukan validasi silogisme dan kemudian diaplikasikan dalam Fisika. Bahasa yang dipilih adalah REDUCE berdasarkan berbagai pertimbangan, salah satu di antaranya adalah karena REDUCE adalah bahasa yang open source. Pertimbangan lain adalah bahwa REDUCE sejak awalnya memang diciptakan untuk digunakan dalam fisika sehingga gaya bahasanya dirasakan lebih cocok untuk para fisikawan.
Environment-Wide Association Study of CKD
Authors: Lee Jeonghwan , Oh Sohee , Kang Habyeong , Kim Sunmi , Lee Gowoon , Li Lilin , Kim Clara Tammy , An Jung Nam , Oh Yun Kyu , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Dong Ki , Kim Yon Su , Choi Kyungho , Lee Jung Pyo
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives

Exposure to environmental chemicals has been recognized as one of the possible contributors to CKD. We aimed to identify environmental chemicals that are associated with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We analyzed the data obtained from a total of 46,748 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2016). Associations of chemicals measured in urine or blood (n=262) with albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g), reduced eGFR (<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2), and a composite of albuminuria or reduced eGFR were tested and validated using the environment-wide association study approach.

Results

Among 262 environmental chemicals, seven (3%) chemicals showed significant associations with increased risk of albuminuria, reduced eGFR, or the composite outcome. These chemicals included metals and other chemicals that have not previously been associated with CKD. Serum and urine cotinines, blood 2,5-dimethylfuran (a volatile organic compound), and blood cadmium were associated with albuminuria. Blood lead and cadmium were associated with reduced eGFR. Blood cadmium and lead and three volatile compounds (blood 2,5-dimethylfuran, blood furan, and urinary phenylglyoxylic acid) were associated with the composite outcome. A total of 23 chemicals, including serum perfluorooctanoic acid, seven urinary metals, three urinary arsenics, urinary nitrate and thiocyanate, three urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and seven volatile organic compounds, were associated with lower risks of one or more manifestations of CKD.

Conclusions

A number of chemicals were identified as potential risk factors for CKD among the general population.
Apixaban versus No Anticoagulation in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Dialysis with Incident Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mavrakanas Thomas A. , Garlo Katherine , Charytan David M.
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives

The relative efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with no anticoagulation have not been studied in patients on maintenance dialysis with atrial fibrillation. We aimed to determine whether apixaban is associated with better clinical outcomes compared with no anticoagulation in this population.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This retrospective cohort study used 2012–2015 US Renal Data System data. Patients on maintenance dialysis with incident, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated with apixaban (521 patients) were matched for relevant baseline characteristics with patients not treated with any anticoagulant agent (1561 patients) using a propensity score. The primary outcome was hospital admission for a new stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), transient ischemic attack, or systemic thromboembolism. The secondary outcome was fatal or intracranial bleeding. Competing risk survival models were used.

Results

Compared with no anticoagulation, apixaban was not associated with lower incidence of the primary outcome: hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 2.23; P=0.47. A significantly higher incidence of fatal or intracranial bleeding was observed with apixaban compared with no treatment: hazard ratio, 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 5.47; P=0.004. A trend toward fewer ischemic but more hemorrhagic strokes was seen with apixaban compared with no treatment. No significant difference in the composite outcome of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke was seen with apixaban compared with no treatment. Compared with no anticoagulation, a significantly higher rate of the primary outcome and a significantly higher incidence of fatal or intracranial bleeding and of hemorrhagic stroke were seen in the subgroup of patients treated with the standard apixaban dose (5 mg twice daily) but not in patients who received the reduced apixaban dose (2.5 mg twice daily).

Conclusions

In patients with kidney failure and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, treatment with apixaban was not associated with a lower incidence of new stroke, transient ischemic attack, or systemic thromboembolism but was associated with a higher incidence of fatal or intracranial bleeding.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2020_05_29_CJN11650919.mp3
Evaluation of the Non-Linear Effects of the Public Debt on the Economic Growth of the WAEMU
Authors: SIGUE Moussa , COULIBALY Moussa
Published: May 2020

The aim of this article is to analyse the nature of the relationship between public debt and economic growth in the WAEMU. A standard growth model was specified and then estimated in quadratic form from the GMM (GMM). The results show a non-linear relationship between public debt and economic growth. Thus, public debt stimulates economic growth when it does not exceed the threshold of 15% of GDP. Robustness tests show that public debt is boosting the economic conditions of countries with sound macroeconomic policies and good institutional quality.