bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in radiographic and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis patients: a comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Gómez-García Ignacio , Ladehesa-Pineda Maria L. , Diaz-Tocados Juan M. , López-Medina Clementina , Abalos-Aguilera Maria C. , Ruiz-Vilches Desiree , Paz-Lopez Guillermo , Gonzalez-Jimenez Andres , Ranea Juan A. G. , Escudero-Contreras Alejandro , Moreno-Indias Isabel , Tinahones Francisco J. , Collantes-Estévez Eduardo , Ruiz-Limón Patricia
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a heterogeneous disease that can be represented by radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA) and non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the markers of inflammation and bone turnover in r-axSpA patients and nr-axSpA patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional study included 29 r-axSpA patients, 10 nr-axSpA patients, and 20 controls matched for age and sex. Plasma markers related to bone remodeling such as human procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), sclerostin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were measured by an ELISA kit. A panel of 92 inflammatory molecules was analyzed by proximity extension assay.

Results

R-axSpA patients had decreased plasma levels of P1NP, a marker of bone formation, compared to controls. In addition, r-axSpA patients exhibited decreased plasma levels of sclerostin, an anti-anabolic bone hormone, which would not explain the co-existence of decreased plasma P1NP concentration; however, sclerostin levels could also be influenced by inflammatory processes. Plasma markers of osteoclast activity were similar in all groups. Regarding inflammation-related molecules, nr-axSpA patients showed increased levels of serum interleukin 13 (IL13) as compared with both r-axSpA patients and controls, which may participate in the prevention of inflammation. On the other hand, r-axSpA patients had higher levels of pro-inflammatory molecules compared to controls (i.e., IL6, Oncostatin M, and TNF receptor superfamily member 9). Correlation analysis showed that sclerostin was inversely associated with IL6 and Oncostatin M among others.

Conclusion

Altogether, different inflammatory profiles may play a role in the development of the skeletal features in axSpA patients particularly related to decreased bone formation. The relationship between sclerostin and inflammation and the protective actions of IL13 could be of relevance in the axSpA pathology, which is a topic for further investigation.
A transformer acoustic signal analysis method based on matrix pencil and hybrid deep neural network
Authors: Zhang Qizhe , Peng Guozheng , Tan Yuanpeng , Zhang Zhonghao , Bai Xiaojing
Published: February 2024

Acoustic signal analysis is an important component of transformer online monitoring. Currently, traditional methods have problems such as low spectral resolution, imbalanced sample distribution, and unsatisfactory classification performance. This article first introduces the matrix pencil algorithm for time-frequency spectrum analysis of acoustic signals, and then uses the SMOTE algorithm to expand the imbalanced samples. Then, an ACmix hybrid deep neural network model is constructed to classify 11 types of transformer operation and environmental acoustic signals. Finally, detailed experiments were conducted on the method proposed in this paper, and the experimental results showed that the matrix pencil algorithm has high time-frequency resolution and good noise resistance performance. The SMOTE sample expansion method can significantly improve the recognition accuracy by more than 2%. Overall accuracy of the proposed method in acoustic signal classification tasks reaches 91.81%.
Research on multi-physical field analysis and assessment technique of virtual connection defects in cluster cable joints based on digital twin technology
Authors: Ma Qiang , Liu Yan , Liu Zitong , Li Wenyu , Li Dongxue , Liu Ran , Jing Yongteng
Published: February 2024

As the “blood vessels” and “nerves” of the power grid, cables are important carriers for transmitting electric energy, and their failures will affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid. In this paper, a digital twin model of thermal characteristics is constructed for 10 kV YJV×400 cluster cable and its joint model. Based on the multi-physical field coupling analysis method, the fluid field, temperature field and current-carrying capacity of the cluster cable are analyzed. The temperature rise and airflow distribution characteristics of the joint and its external insulation when the defect of joint false connection occurs are analyzed. Based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), weights are assigned to the locations of multiple measurement points of the cable external insulation, and the temperature distribution of each measurement point is combined with the digital twin technology to calculate the hot spot temperature of the cable, so as to assess the defects of the joints of the cables. The digital twin platform is used for real-time monitoring of cable status and assessment of defects. The temperature rise experiments of cables under different carrying capacity and joint defects show that this method can accurately and efficiently calculate hot spot temperatures and assess defects of joints in cluster cables.
Efficiency analysis of best management practices under climate change conditions in the So-okcheon watershed, South Korea
Authors: Kim Yoonji , Yu Jieun , Lee Sangchul , Jeon Seongwoo
Published: February 2024

Best management practices (BMPs) are widely applied to address water quality degradation issues attributed to non-point source pollutants. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of two types of BMPs, vegetation filter strips (VFS) and wetlands, in reducing total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in a watershed, and to investigate whether the efficiency of the two BMPs is maintained under future climate scenarios by employing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). A set of parameters was calibrated using the SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program (SWAT-CUP) to ensure acceptable simulation results. Three BMP scenarios were developed by applying VFS and wetlands individually and in combination. Projected climate data from 18 global circulation models under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) were used to depict climate change conditions. VFS demonstrated 18.2% and 22.9% greater reduction efficiency for TN and TP, respectively, relative to wetlands. When the two BMPs were simultaneously applied, the reduction efficiency was even greater than that of single-BMP implementation (by 7.4% for TN and 6.8% for TP compared to VFS alone and by 25.5% for TN and 29.7% for TP compared to wetlands alone). To assess the effect of climate change, the model simulated results for the period of 2021–2,100. The differences in efficiency between the combined BMP scenario and the individual BMPs increased with greater intensity of climate change, especially in the distant future. Therefore, this study supports the effectiveness of nutrient pollution control by applying multiple BMPs rather than by applying individual BMPs. Furthermore, this research underscores the adaptability and reliability of natural-based solutions in mitigating non-point source pollution in a changing climate, which is essential for effective ecological restoration in complex urban-agricultural landscapes. The study provides valuable insights for watershed managers and policymakers seeking effective strategies to combat nutrient pollution in the face of a changing climate within the unique landscape of South Korea.
Distribution, sources and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils under different landform conditions of Taiyuan, China
Authors: Liu Liwen , Chen Xiangling , Duan Yonghong , Wu Zhangwei , Xu Lishuai
Published: February 2024

Public concern about polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is rising due to their potential carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. This study assessed PAHs in Taiyuan City’s plain and mountain soil, investigating concentrations, distribution, sources, and carcinogenic risk. Σ21PAHs concentrations in plain topsoil ranged from 133.2 to 6,410.6 ng/g (mean 1,444.7 ng/g), and in mountain soil from 66.5 to 2,250.2 ng/g (mean 585.5 ng/g). Approximately 55.1% of plain and 19.0% of mountain soil samples had contamination levels exceeding 600 ng/g. In plain soil, 4-ring and 5-ring PAHs dominated, while 2-ring and 3-ring PAHs were prevalent in mountain soil. Polluted areas in Taiyuan were primarily centered in the central-north, with higher content closer to industrial or business districts. PAH isomer ratios and principal component analysis/multiple linear regression (PCA/MLR) indicated coal combustion as the main PAH source, followed by coke production, vehicle emissions, and biomass combustion. Incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) showed Taiyuan’s PAH-related cancer risks were generally low, though heavily contaminated areas exhibited moderate risks. Plain regions had three times higher cancer risk than mountains, with children facing higher risk than adults. These findings highlight the need to consider PAH pollution while enhancing urban environmental quality.
Effects of drought-induced stress on nematode communities in aquatic and terrestrial habitats of the Nebraska Sandhills
Authors: Gattoni Kaitlin , Gendron Eli M. S. , Powers Kirsten , Powers Thomas O. , Harner Mary J. , Porazinska Dorota L.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Global change events (e.g., worsening drought) are increasing environmental stress in a variety of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The degree to which communities in soils and sediments are driven by temporal environmental changes across multiple habitat types from the same region is not clear.

Methods

We used nematodes, a common bioindicator of soil and sediment health, to determine how community diversity and composition are altered by rising alkalinity across lakes, shorelines, and prairies in the western Nebraska Sandhills. We sampled these three habitats from five lake basins spanning an alkalinity gradient (pH 7–11) across three years (2019, 2020, 2021). During our sampling, the Sandhills experienced a range of drought intensities, with 2019 being a wet year, followed by severe drought in 2020, and abnormally dry/moderate drought in 2021. To determine if diversity and composition of nematodes responded to increased alkalinity and drought-induced stress we used different modelling approaches, including Random Forest and pairwise comparisons.

Results and discussion

Overall, nematode diversity in lakes was most affected by increasing alkalinity over time, whereas in shorelines and prairies diversity was most reliant on bacterial diversity and potential nematode-nematode interactions. In comparison to shorelines and prairies, community composition in lakes was the least variable and consistently driven by pH and lake water levels. In contrast, compositions in the shorelines and prairies were more variable and explained at varying degrees by pH, year, lake basin, and climate-associated variables. In addition, relative abundance and compositional nature of select copious taxa were highly unpredictable, indicating potential instability in these habitats. Future research is necessary to address the ecologic stability of the Sandhills and determine where conservation efforts are most needed.
Targeting Wnt signaling for improved glioma immunotherapy
Authors: Gutova Margarita , Hibbard Jonathan C. , Ma Eric , Natri Heini M. , Adhikarla Vikram , Chimge Nyam-Osor , Qiu Runxiang , Nguyen Cu , Melendez Elizabeth , Aguilar Brenda , Starr Renate , Yin Holly , Rockne Russel C. , Ono Masaya , Banovich Nicholas E. , Yuan Yate-Ching , Brown Christine E. , Kahn Michael
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Despite aggressive standard-of-care therapy, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, glioblastoma recurrence is almost inevitable and uniformly lethal. Activation of glioma-intrinsic Wnt/β-catenin signaling is associated with a poor prognosis and the proliferation of glioma stem-like cells, leading to malignant transformation and tumor progression. Impressive results in a subset of cancers have been obtained using immunotherapies including anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. However, the heterogeneity of tumors, low mutational burden, single antigen targeting, and associated antigen escape contribute to non-responsiveness and potential tumor recurrence despite these therapeutic efforts. In the current study, we determined the effects of the small molecule, highly specific Wnt/CBP (CREB Binding Protein)/β-catenin antagonist ICG-001, on glioma tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME)–including its effect on immune cell infiltration, blood vessel decompression, and metabolic changes.

Methods

Using multiple glioma patient-derived xenografts cell lines and murine tumors (GL261, K-Luc), we demonstrated in vitro cytostatic effects and a switch from proliferation to differentiation after treatment with ICG-001.

Results

In these glioma cell lines, we further demonstrated that ICG-001 downregulated the CBP/β-catenin target gene Survivin/BIRC5–a hallmark of Wnt/CBP/β-catenin inhibition. We found that in a syngeneic mouse model of glioma (K-luc), ICG-001 treatment enhanced tumor infiltration by CD3+ and CD8+ cells with increased expression of the vascular endothelial marker CD31 (PECAM-1). We also observed differential gene expression and induced immune cell infiltration in tumors pretreated with ICG-001 and then treated with CAR T cells as compared with single treatment groups or when ICG-001 treatment was administered after CAR T cell therapy.

Discussion

We conclude that specific Wnt/CBP/β-catenin antagonism results in pleotropic changes in the glioma TME, including glioma stem cell differentiation, modulation of the stroma, and immune cell activation and recruitment, thereby suggesting a possible role for enhancing immunotherapy in glioma patients.
Production and fluxes of inorganic carbon and alkalinity in a subarctic subterranean estuary
Authors: Chaillou Gwénaëlle , Tommi-Morin Gwendoline , Mucci Alfonso
Published: February 2024

In this study, we focus on the biogeochemical processes that produce both dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) along a subarctic subterranean estuary (STE) located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Magdalen Island, Qc, Canada) in order to evaluate the DIC and TA fluxes as well as the buffering capacity of the exported groundwater to coastal waters. DIC and TA do not behave conservatively during mixing along the groundwater flow path and this implies the occurrence of internal redox reactions that control both their production and consumption. In addition, we show that the origin and composition of the organic carbon within the system alter the carbonate parameters by generating low pH conditions (5.9 - 7.2) and contributing to non-carbonate alkalinity (NCA) that accounts for more than 30% of TA. Whereas iron cycling plays a key role in the production of DIC in the fresh and low-salinity groundwaters, the precipitation of sulfide minerals neutralize the acidity produced by the metabolically produced CO2, in the saline groundwater where sulfate is available. The STE pCO2, computed from the DIC-pHNBS pair ranged from a few ppm to 16000 ppm that results in a CO2 evasion rate of up to 310 mol m−2d−1 to the atmosphere. Based on Darcy flow and the mean concentrations of DIC and carbonate alkalinity (Ac = TA - NCA) in the discharge zone, fluxes derived from submarine groundwater discharge were estimated at 1.43 and 0.70 mol m−2d−1 for DIC and Ac, respectively. Despite a major part of the metabolic CO2 being lost along the groundwater flow path, the SGD-derived DIC flux was still greater than the Ac flux, implying that groundwater discharge reduces the buffering capacity of the receiving coastal waters. This site-specific scale study demonstrates the importance of diagenetic reactions and organic matter remineralization processes on carbonate system parameters in STE. Our results highlight that subarctic STEs could be hot spots of CO2 evasion and a source of acidification to coastal waters that should be considered in carbon budgets.
The importance of the soluble and colloidal pools for trace metal cycling in deep-sea pore waters
Authors: Paul Sophie A. L. , Schmidt Katja , Achterberg Eric P. , Koschinsky Andrea
Published: February 2024

Physical and chemical trace metal speciation are important for our understanding of metal cycling and potential toxicity to marine life. Trace metals can behave differently in diffusion processes or particle-solution interactions and have different bioavailabilities depending on their physical and chemical forms, which often depend on redox conditions. Here we investigated dissolved (< 0.2 µm) and soluble (< 0.02 µm) concentrations of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, V, Mo, U, Cd, and As in oxic and suboxic deep-sea sediments of the central equatorial Pacific Ocean. Vanadium, Mo, U, As, and Cd showed no significant concentration differences between their dissolved and soluble forms, suggesting that they are present as inorganic ionic species or organic complexes in the truly dissolved or small colloidal fraction. In contrast, the colloidal fraction (> 0.02 µm < 0.2 µm) of Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu increased with depth in oxic pore waters and Fe had the largest but variable colloidal pool. Soluble Mn, Co, and Ni were released in the uppermost 2-4 cm in the sediment because of reductive dissolution. The increasing colloidal fraction with depth suggests a decrease in the concentration of small organic ligands with depth, that are abundant in the surface sediment pore waters, and instead an increasing importance of larger (> 0.02 µm) inorganic nanoparticles and colloids such as Mn and Fe (oxyhydr)oxides that control Mn, Fe, and Co cycling at depths > 10 cm. The distribution of Ni and Cu cannot be exclusively explained by inorganic nanoparticles and a shift from low to larger high molecular weight organic ligands might occur. These findings provide new insights into trace metal distributions in the dissolved phase, highlighting the diversity of metal complexes and the need to incorporate these in future calculations of benthic metal fluxes and ecotoxicity assessments, especially in oxic pore waters.
Shrinkage properties of porous materials during drying: a review
Authors: Li Jie , Huang Yulin , Gao Mengyuan , Tie Jinxin , Wang Guannan
Published: February 2024

The shrinkage characteristic of porous materials is an important consideration in the drying process, as it can significantly impact the texture of the dried product and energy utilization. This phenomenon is influenced by numerous factors, including the structure of the cells, drying conditions, and the glass transition temperature. To gain a deeper understanding of the drying process, it is necessary to develop theoretical models that account for the simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes at the cellular level, as well as simulation tools to analyze the associated changes in drying morphology. In this paper, we highlight several key factors affecting shrinkage during the drying of porous materials, and also outline drying modeling, morphological simulation, and drying technology design considerations to provide guidance for improving the drying quality of porous materials as well as energy conversion efficiency.
A review of beamforming microstrip patch antenna array for future 5G/6G networks
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Asfar , Nwajana Augustine O.
Published: February 2024

With the increase in demand for high data rates and high bandwidth because of multiple users all over the globe, the technology has moved toward the next-generation of wireless communication. This rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies has led to the emergence of 5G networks, which promise significantly higher data rates, lower latency, and enhanced connectivity. Researchers believe that five essential techniques can enable 5G. Beamforming is one of those essentials, as it plays a vital role in achieving reliable and high-capacity communication. This review article portrays a comprehensive analysis of the 5G beamformer Microstrip Patch Antenna array techniques for communication systems. The paper comprises of a deep overview of the fundamental concepts and principles of beamforming, including analog, hybrid, and digital beamforming techniques. It explores the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and discusses their suitability for 5G applications. An in-depth examination of various beamforming techniques employed in 5G, encompassing traditional beamforming, massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output beamforming, hybrid beamforming, and adaptive beamforming. The discussion encompasses the strengths, weaknesses, and performance trade-offs of each technique, along with their applicability in diverse deployment scenarios and applications. The review of multiple couplers that are used for the feeding of the antenna is discussed with included hybrid coupler, Wilkinson power divider, branch line coupler, and butler matrix in beamformer smart antenna for 5G/6G communications. Numerous beamforming techniques are compared based on their merits, demerits, and applications. Moreover, the dielectric substrate utilized to design the beamformer was also reviewed. The findings presented in this paper serve as a valuable resource for the researcher, scholars, and engineers working in the field of 5G wireless communications and antenna designing, facilitating the development and deployment of efficient and robust beamforming solutions for future 5G networks.
Low incidence of malignancy in patients with suspected polymyalgia rheumatica or giant cell arteritis, examined with FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Gorlen Tanja Fromberg , Brittain Jane Maestri , Østergaard Mikkel , Fischer Barbara Malene , Døhn Uffe Møller , Terslev Lene
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The need to systematically examine patients suspected of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) for malignancy is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of malignancy in patients with suspected PMR and/or GCA who have been referred to a 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) as part of the diagnostic investigation.

Method

The records of all patients referred to FDG-PET/CT from Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup with the suspicion of PMR and/or GCA during a two-year period, were retrospectively reviewed. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, and a standard incidence ratio was calculated based on background cancer incidences extracted from the NORDCAN database.

Results

220 patients were included in the study. Findings suspicious of malignancy were found in 19 of the examinations, and in seven cases (3.2%), malignancy was confirmed. In three out of the seven cases the patients were diagnosed with PMR concomitantly with malignancy. The estimated standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for cancer compared to the background incidence of cancer in Denmark was 1.58 (95% CI 0.63–2.97), i.e., not statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences in characteristics of the patients that were diagnosed with malignancy compared with those that were not.

Conclusion

The frequency of malignancy in this cohort of patients with suspected PMR/GCA who underwent PET/CT was low. Our results, though based on a small cohort, do not suggest that all patients with suspected PMR/GCA should systematically be examined with FDG-PET/CT for excluding malignancy.
LncRNA-mediated cartilage homeostasis in osteoarthritis: a narrative review
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Hejin , Xie Qian , Feng Haiqi , Li Haoying , Li Zelin , Yang Kangping , Ding Jiatong , Gao Guicheng
Published: February 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of cartilage that affects the quality of life and has increased in morbidity and mortality in recent years. Cartilage homeostasis and dysregulation are thought to be important mechanisms involved in the development of OA. Many studies suggest that lncRNAs are involved in cartilage homeostasis in OA and that lncRNAs can be used to diagnose or treat OA. Among the existing therapeutic regimens, lncRNAs are involved in drug-and nondrug-mediated therapeutic mechanisms and are expected to improve the mechanism of adverse effects or drug resistance. Moreover, targeted lncRNA therapy may also prevent or treat OA. The purpose of this review is to summarize the links between lncRNAs and cartilage homeostasis in OA. In addition, we review the potential applications of lncRNAs at multiple levels of adjuvant and targeted therapies. This review highlights that targeting lncRNAs may be a novel therapeutic strategy for improving and modulating cartilage homeostasis in OA patients.
Risk and protective factors for Long COVID in Brazilian adults (CUME Study)
Authors: Eduvirgem Júlio , Bressan Josefina , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda , Montenegro Livia Cozer , Brandão Marlise Lima , Neves Alessandra Aparecida Tavares , da Silva Lucas Samuel Aristides , Gerake-Dias Thiago Alexandre , Pimenta Adriano Marçal
Published: February 2024

Background

Most people recover from COVID-19, however, between 5 to 20% have experienced new, recurring, or continuous health problems four or more weeks after being infected, a phenomenon called Long COVID, and whose reasons for its manifestation are incipient. Our objective was to analyse the risk and protective factors for Long COVID in Brazilian adults participating in the CUME Study.

Methods

The CUME Study is a prospective cohort conducted with graduates from federal universities in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In this study, 390 participants who answered the baseline questionnaire in 2016 and the third follow-up questionnaire in 2022 (which contained a block of questions about occurrence of COVID-19 and Long COVID) were included. The diagnosis of Long COVID was based on self-reporting of persistence of signs and symptoms of COVID-19 between 30 days and 6 months after remission of the disease. To estimate the risk and protective factors for Long COVID, a hierarchical multivariate statistical analysis was conducted using the Poisson regression technique.

Results

Long COVID was observed in 48.9% of the participants. The following characteristics were identified as risk factors for the outcome: female sex (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.22–1.99); prior diagnosis of hypertension (RR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.19–1.80); having contracted COVID-19 in the first (RR =1.38; 95% CI = 1.07–1.79) or in the second waves (RR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.07–1.65) of the pandemic period; and having presented three or more signs and symptoms during the acute phase of COVID-19 (RR = 2.99; 95% CI = 1.08–8.24). On the other hand, having a doctoral/postdoctoral educational level (RR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.50–0.94) was identified as a protective factor for the outcome.

Conclusion

Health system managers and healthcare professionals should be aware of the socioeconomic profile and disease history of patients who have had COVID-19 because women, people with a prior diagnosis of hypertension, and those who manifested multiple signs and symptoms of COVID-19 during the acute phase of the disease were at greater risk of developing Long COVID.
Lactiplantibacillusplantarum APsulloc331261 (GTB1™) promotes butyrate production to suppress mucin hypersecretion in a murine allergic airway inflammation model
Authors: Kim Hye-Shin , Kim Bobae , Holzapfel Wilhelm H. , Kang Hyeji
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Allergic airway diseases are one of the serious health problems in worldwide and allergic airway inflammation is a prerequisite led to the exacerbated situation such as mucus hypersecretion, epithelial barrier damage and microbiota dysbiosis. Because of side effects and low efficiencies of current therapeutics, the need for novel alternatives has been urged. Probiotics in which have diverse and beneficial modulatory effects have been applied to the airway inflammation model and the underlying mechanism needs to be investigated.

Methods

We aimed to evaluate whether our target strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc331261 (GTB1TM) isolated from green tea, can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation in mice and to figure out the mechanism. We induced allergic airway inflammation to mice by ovalbumin (OVA) and administered GTB1 orally and the immune and epithelial barrier markers were assessed. The gut metabolite and microbiota were also analysed, and the in vitro cell-line experiment was introduced to confirm the hypothesis of the study.

Results

GTB1 ameliorated type 2 inflammation and suppressed mucin hypersecretion with the inhibition of MUC5AC in inflamed mice. Moreover, GTB1 increased the butyrate production and the relative abundance of butyrate producer, Clostridium cluster IV. We assumed that butyrate may have a potential role and investigated the effect of butyrate in mucin regulation via human airway epithelial cell line, A549. Butyrate significantly reduced the gene expression of MUC5AC in A549 cells suggesting its regulatory role in mucus production.

Conclusion

Therefore, our study demonstrates that the oral administration of GTB1 can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation and mucin hypersecretion by butyrate production.
Unraveling the dynamics of wheat leaf blight complex: isolation, characterization, and insights into pathogen population under Indian conditions
Authors: Aditya Sanghmitra , Aggarwal Rashmi , Bashyal Bishnu Maya , Gurjar Malkhan Singh , Saharan Mahender Singh , Aggarwal Shweta
Published: February 2024

Wheat, a staple food crop for 35% of the global population, faces a threat from Helminthosporium leaf blight (HLB), a complex of spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and tan spot (Pyrenophora-tritici-repentis) diseases under warm and humid conditions. However, in Indian conditions, the knowledge of existing pathogen populations associated with the HLB complex is limited and largely dominated by only B. sorokiniana (spot blotch). To address this, diseased samples were collected from all six wheat growing zones during 2020–2022. The pathogenic species were identified through in-depth morphological characterization, supplemented with ITS-rDNA and GAPDH sequence analysis, a diagnostic SCAR marker, and pathogenicity studies on two wheat varieties: Sonalika and HD2733. The 32 isolates collected from 10 different states consist of B. spicifera (12.5% of all isolates), Exserohilum rostratum (9.3%), Bipolaris oryzae (3.1%), and B. sorokiniana (75%). B. sorokiniana exhibited the highest disease severity on both varieties. Other lesser-known pathogenic species also produced comparable disease severity as B. sorokiniana isolates and, therefore are economically important. Unraveling pathogen composition and biology aids in disease control and resistance breeding. Our study highlights economically impactful and lesser-known pathogenic species causing wheat leaf blight/spot blotch in India, guiding both current management and future resistance breeding strategies in plant pathology.
Economic microbiology: exploring microbes as agents in economic systems
Authors: Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Woldegerima Woldegebriel Assefa , Siri Anna
Published: February 2024

Microbial communities exhibit striking parallels with economic markets, resembling intricate ecosystems where microorganisms engage in resource exchange akin to human market transactions. This dynamic network of resource swapping mirrors economic trade in human markets, with microbes specializing in metabolic functions much like businesses specializing in goods and services. Cooperation and competition are central dynamics in microbial communities, with alliances forming for mutual benefit and species vying for dominance, similar to businesses seeking market share. The human microbiome, comprising trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies, is not only a marker of socioeconomic status but also a critical factor contributing to persistent health inequalities. Social and economic factors shape the composition of the gut microbiota, impacting healthcare access and quality of life. Moreover, these microbes exert indirect influence over human decisions by affecting neurotransmitter production, influencing mood, behavior, and choices related to diet and emotions. Human activities significantly impact microbial communities, from dietary choices and antibiotic use to environmental changes, disrupting these ecosystems. Beyond their natural roles, humans harness microbial communities for various applications, manipulating their interactions and resource exchanges to achieve specific goals in fields like medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. In conclusion, the concept of microbial communities as biological markets offers valuable insights into their intricate functioning and adaptability. It underscores the profound interplay between microbial ecosystems and human health and behavior, with far-reaching implications for multiple disciplines. To paraphrase Alfred Marshall, “the Mecca of the economist lies in economic microbiology.”
Electroacupuncture at ST25 corrected gut microbial dysbiosis and SNpc lipid peroxidation in Parkinson’s disease rats
Authors: Hu Xuan-ming , Song Li-zhe-xiong , Zhang Zhi-zi , Ruan Xi , Li Hai-chang , Yu Zhi , Huang Lin
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains one kind of a complex, progressive neurodegenerative disease. Levodopa and dopamine agonists as widely utilized PD therapeutics have not shown significant positive long-term outcomes. Emerging evidences indicate that electroacupuncture (EA) have potential effects on the therapy of nervous system disorders, particularly PD, but its specific underlying mechanism(s) remains poorly understood, leading to the great challenge of clinical application and management. Previous study has shown that acupuncture ameliorates PD motor symptoms and dopaminergic neuron damage by modulating intestinal dysbiosis, but its intermediate pathway has not been sufficiently investigated.

Methods

A rat model of PD was induced using rotenone. The therapeutic effect of EA on PD was assessed using the pole and rotarod tests and immunohistostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra (SN) of brain. The role of gut microbiota was explored using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabonomic analysis. PICRUSt2 analysis, lipidomic analysis, LPS and inflammatory factor assays were used for subsequent exploration and validation. Correlation analysis was used to identify the key bacteria that EA regulates lipid metabolism to improve PD.

Results

The present study firstly reappeared the effects of EA on protecting motor function and dopaminergic neurons and modulation of gut microbial dysbiosis in rotenone-induced PD rat model. EA improved motor dysfunction (via the pole and rotarod tests) and protected TH+ neurons in PD rats. EA increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Dubosiella and Bifidobacterium and decreased the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Morganella belonging to Pseudomonadota, suggesting that the modulation of gut microbiota by EA improving the symptoms of PD motility via alleviating LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which was also validated by various aspects such as microbial gene functional analysis, fecal metabolomics analysis, LPS and inflammatory factor assays and SNpc lipidomics analysis. Moreover, correlation analyses also verified strong correlations of Escherichia-Shigella and Morganella with motor symptoms and SNpc lipid peroxidation, explicating targets and intermediate pathways through which EA improve PD exercise symptom.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that the improvement of motor function in PD model by EA may be mediated in part by restoring the gut microbiota, which intermediate processes involve circulating endotoxins and inflammatory mediators, SNpc oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The gut-microbiome - brain axis may be a potential mechanism of EA treatment for the PD.
Postbiotics in colorectal cancer: intervention mechanisms and perspectives
Authors: Xie Wei , Zhong Yu-Sen , Li Xue-Jian , Kang You-Kun , Peng Qian-Yu , Ying Hua-Zhong
Published: February 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy affecting the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. The etiology and progression of CRC are related to factors such as environmental influences, dietary structure, and genetic susceptibility. Intestinal microbiota can influence the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and modulate intestinal immunity by secreting various metabolites. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota can affect the metabolites of the microbial, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which can trigger chronic inflammation or DNA damage and ultimately lead to cellular carcinogenesis and the development of CRC. Postbiotics are preparations of inanimate microorganisms or their components that are beneficial to the health of the host, with the main components including bacterial components (e.g., exopolysaccharides, teichoic acids, surface layer protein) and metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolite, bile acids, vitamins and enzymes). Compared with traditional probiotics, it has a more stable chemical structure and higher safety. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that postbiotics are involved in regulating intestinal microecology and improving the progression of CRC, which provides new ideas for the prevention and diagnosis of CRC. In this article, we review the changes in intestinal microbiota in different states of the gut and the mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of postbiotic-related components, and discuss the potential significance of postbiotics in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. This reviews the changes and pathogenesis of intestinal microbiota in the development of CRC, and summarizes the relevant mechanisms of postbiotics in resisting the development of CRC in recent years, as well as the advantages and limitations of postbiotics in the treatment process of CRC.
Iron-induced kidney cell damage: insights into molecular mechanisms and potential diagnostic significance of urinary FTL
Authors: Punchai Soraya , Chaiyagot Nachayada , Artkaew Nadthanicha , Jusakul Apinya , Cha’on Ubon , Thanan Raynoo , Vaeteewoottacharn Kulthida , Lert-Itthiporn Worachart
Published: February 2024

Background: Iron overload can lead to organ and cell injuries. Although the mechanisms of iron-induced cell damage have been extensively studied using various cells, little is known about these processes in kidney cells.

Methods: In this study, we first examined the correlation between serum iron levels and kidney function. Subsequently, we investigated the molecular impact of excess iron on kidney cell lines, HEK293T and HK-2. The presence of the upregulated protein was further validated in urine.

Results: The results revealed that excess iron caused significant cell death accompanied by morphological changes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an up-regulation of the ferroptosis pathway during iron treatment. This was confirmed by up-regulation of ferroptosis markers, ferritin light chain (FTL), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and down-regulation of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) using real-time PCR and Western blotting. In addition, excess iron treatment enhanced protein and lipid oxidation. Supportively, an inverse correlation between urinary FTL protein level and kidney function was observed.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that excess iron disrupts cellular homeostasis and affects key proteins involved in kidney cell death. Our study demonstrated that high iron levels caused kidney cell damage. Additionally, urinary FTL might be a useful biomarker to detect kidney damage caused by iron toxicity. Our study also provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of iron-induced kidney injury, discussing several potential targets for future interventions.
Leveraging neuro-inspired AI accelerator for high-speed computing in 6G networks
Authors: Lin Chunxiao , Azmine Muhammad Farhan , Liang Yibin , Yi Yang
Published: February 2024

The field of wireless communication is currently being pushed to new boundaries with the emergence of 6G technology. This advanced technology requires substantially increased data rates and processing speeds while simultaneously requiring energy-efficient solutions for real-world practicality. In this work, we apply a neuroscience-inspired machine learning model called echo state network (ESN) to the critical task of symbol detection in massive MIMO-OFDM systems, a key technology for 6G networks. Our work encompasses the design of a hardware-accelerated reservoir neuron architecture to speed up the ESN-based symbol detector. The design is then validated through a proof of concept on the Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA board in real-world scenarios. The experiment results show the great performance and scalability of our symbol detector design across a range of MIMO configurations, compared with traditional MIMO symbol detection methods like linear minimum mean square error. Our findings also confirm the performance and feasibility of our entire system, reflected in low bit error rates, low resource utilization, and high throughput.
Case report: Resolution of Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient with dual primary tumors after treatment with rituximab
Authors: Zhang Desheng , Wang You , Zhou Fuxiang
Published: February 2024

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune-related adverse event (irAE) that can occur in solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. It is characterized by progressive myasthenia and mild sensory abnormalities. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved cancer patients’ life expectancy but can also trigger various irAEs, including GBS. We report a rare case of GBS in a 64-year-old male patient with dual primary tumors of the colon and stomach who received toripalimab and chemotherapy for liver metastases. After five treatments, the patient experienced weakness and numbness in his limbs. Lumbar puncture, electromyography, and other tests confirmed the diagnosis of GBS. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and methylprednisolone did not improve the patient’s symptoms, but rituximab, which is not a standard regimen for GBS, was effective in eliminating B cells and improving symptoms. Following this, we effectively shifted from a regimen combining immunotherapy and chemotherapy to a targeted therapy regimen, resulting in prolonged patient survival. Currently, limited studies have been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of rituximab in managing refractory neurological adverse events associated with ICI therapy. Using this case, we reviewed similar cases and formed our views.
Meta-analysis of MMP-9 levels in the serum of patients with epilepsy
Authors: Wang Qin , Lin Zehua , Yao Chunyuan , Liu Jinwen , Chen Jiangwei , Diao Limei
Published: February 2024

Background

Epilepsy’s pathogenesis and progression are significantly influenced by neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier function, and synaptic remodeling function. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), as a critical factor, may contribute to the development of epilepsy through one or more of the above-mentioned pathways. This study aims to evaluate and quantify the correlation between MMP-9 levels and epilepsy.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, WanFang DATA, VIP, and the CNKI to identify studies that investigate the potential association between MMP-9 and epilepsy. The data were independently extracted by two researchers and assessed for quality using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The extracted data were analyzed using Stata 15 and Review Manager 5.4. The study protocol was registered prospectively at PROSPERO, ID: CRD42023468493.

Results

Thirteen studies with a total of 756 patients and 611 matched controls met the inclusion criteria. Eight of these studies reported total serum MMP-9 levels, and the other five studies were used for a further subgroup analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that the serum MMP-9 level was higher in epilepsy patients (SMD = 4.18, 95% confidence interval = 2.18–6.17, p < 0.00001) compared with that in the control group. Publication bias was not detected according to Begg’s test. The subgroup analysis of country indicated that the epilepsy patients in China, Poland, and Egypt had higher levels of serum MMP-9 than the control group, with the increase being more pronounced in Egypt. The subgroup analysis of the age category demonstrated that the serum MMP-9 levels of the adult patients with epilepsy were significantly higher than those of the matched controls. However, the serum MMP-9 levels did not significantly differ in children with epilepsy. The subgroup analysis of the seizure types demonstrated substantial difference in the MMP-9 levels between patients of seizure-free epilepsy (patients who have been seizure-free for at least 7 days) and the control group. Meanwhile, the serum MMP-9 level in patients with epileptic seizures was significantly higher than that in the control group. The subgroup analysis based on seizure duration in patients showed that the serum MMP-9 levels at 1–3, 24, and 72 h after seizure did not exhibit significant differences between female and male patients with epilepsy when compared with the control group. The serum MMP-9 levels at 1–3 and 24 h were significantly higher than those of the matched controls. Nevertheless, the serum MMP-9 level at 72 h was not significantly different from that in the control group.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis presents the first comprehensive summary of the connection between serum MMP-9 level and epilepsy. The MMP-9 levels in epilepsy patients are elevated. Large-scale studies with a high level of evidence are necessary to determine the exact relationship between MMP-9 and epilepsy.
Exploring sex differences: insights into gene expression, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and pathology
Authors: Lafta Muataz S. , Mwinyi Jessica , Affatato Oreste , Rukh Gull , Dang Junhua , Andersson Gerhard , Schiöth Helgi B.
Published: February 2024

Increased knowledge about sex differences is important for development of individualized treatments against many diseases as well as understanding behavioral and pathological differences. This review summarizes sex chromosome effects on gene expression, epigenetics, and hormones in relation to the brain. We explore neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and brain pathology aiming to explain the current state of the art. While some domains exhibit strong differences, others reveal subtle differences whose overall significance warrants clarification. We hope that the current review increases awareness and serves as a basis for the planning of future studies that consider both sexes equally regarding similarities and differences.