bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
Authors: DANIELOPOL DAN L. , CABRAL M. CRISTINA , HORNE DAVID J. , NAMIOTKO TADEUSZ , LORD ALAN R.
Published: February 2023

The original diagnosis of the genus Microceratina Swanson is re-examined with the aim of elucidating the evolutionary history of this living and fossil genus. The different systematic placements of this genus in one of three alternative suprageneric taxa, family Bythocytheridae Sars, family Cytheruridae G.W. Müller (subfamily Eucytherurinae Puri, emend. Maddocks & Steineck) and/or family Loxoconchidae Sars are reviewed. We provide details of a special type of tiny pores, named Loophole Sieve-type Pore Canals, and show how their morphology and position on the valve differ from the typical Sieve-type Pore Canals present in other superfamily Cytheroidea groups, especially members of the Loxoconchidae. A comparative analysis of the valve ornamentation, especially the structure of the anterior peripheral area, and posterior margin morphology, between selected taxa of the three subfamilies of the Cytheruridae (Cytherurinae, Cytheropterinae, Eucytherurinae) demonstrates that Microceratina species belong to a special phylogenetic lineage of Eucytherurinae, which differs from another lineage represented by the genus Xylocythere Maddocks & Steineck. This proposal is strengthened by examination of the limb traits of Microceratina martensi Namiotko et al., currently the only living species of the genus for which both valves and limbs are described; the description is extended herein. Key diagnostic traits of the genus Microceratina are presented, a new Early Jurassic age species is described, and two new combinations are proposed. The homeomorphic valve shapes of M. andreui sp. nov., M. amfibola and ?S. rectum (Loxoconchidae) support the value of the approach adopted herein: analysis of subtle morphological details with high-resolution microscopy.
The little-known larval morphology of two stoneflies of Styloperlidae (Insecta: Plecoptera) in China
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: February 2023

The stoneflies are a relatively ancient group of aquatic insects. The larvae of stoneflies are exclusively aquatic and are important bioindicators for water quality changes. However, the identification and classification of stonefly larvae are much more difficult than the adults, due to the lack of sufficient descriptions for most stonefly taxa. Styloperlidae is an endemic stonefly family in South Asia. The larval morphology of this family remains less clear in comparison with their adults. In this paper, the larvae of Styloperla inae Chao, 1947 and Cerconychia flectospina Wu, 1962 are described and illustrated based on specimens from China. Their morphology corresponds with the proposed diagnostic larval characters of Styloperlidae in previous studies. Additional auxiliary characters useful for the identification of larvae in Styloperlidae are discussed. The larvae of S. inae and C. flectospina exhibit subtle morphological differences but can be easily distinguished by the presence or absence of dark sclerites on all the thoracic sternal pits.
Synergistic Effect of El Niño and Negative Phase of North Atlantic Oscillation on Winter Precipitation in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Tang Xinxin , Li Jianping , Zhang Yazhou , Li Yanjie , Zhao Sen
Published: February 2023

This study reveals that the significant increase of winter precipitation over the southeastern United States (SEUS) is associated with El Niño and the negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO−). Diagnosis of large-scale dynamics shows that El Niño and NAO− have a synergistic effect on the enhancement of transient eddies and stationary waves in the eastern Pacific, the southern United States, and the North Atlantic. These enhanced transient eddies are associated with subtropical jet stream acceleration and maintenance of subtropical low from the eastern Pacific to the Atlantic, influencing stronger stationary waves propagation from the tropical Pacific to the SEUS and North Atlantic, and from the northwestern Atlantic to the SEUS and Pacific. This favors a positive phase of the meridional dipole in geopotential height anomalies between the tropics and subtropics in the Western Hemisphere (WTSD) during the co-occurrence of El Niño and NAO−. The strong positive WTSD-like pattern, accompanied by a zonally extended and southerly shifted subtropical westerly jet, induces a northward-tilted secondary circulation with ascending motion over the SEUS and Gulf of Mexico. Simultaneously, an intensified trough over the SEUS promotes moisture and warm advection from the subtropical and tropical Pacific converging with cold advection from the northwestern North Atlantic in the adjacent Gulf of Mexico, which is beneficial for front and cyclone generation, and induces precipitation in the SEUS. This study suggests that the synergistic effects of El Niño and NAO− help to understand the variability of winter SEUS precipitation.
Large Traumatic Lumbar Hernia: A Difficult and Uncommon Problem
Authors: Heidorn Elise , Costa Margaret , Coots Abigail , Ong Adrian , Butts Christopher A.
Published: February 2023

Lumbar hernias are congenital or acquired posterolateral abdominal wall hernias and are located in the superior or inferior lumbar triangle. Traumatic lumbar hernias are rare, and the optimal method to repair these is not well-defined. We present the case of a 59-year-old obese female who presented after a motor vehicle collision with an 8.8 cm traumatic right-sided inferior lumbar hernia and overlying complex abdominal wall laceration. The patient underwent an open repair with retro rectus polypropylene mesh and biologic mesh underlay several months after the abdominal wall wound healed, and the patient lost 60 pounds. The patient recovered well without complications or recurrence at the one-year follow-up. This case demonstrates a complex, open surgical approach to repair a large traumatic lumbar hernia not amenable to laparoscopic repair.
Prediction of Drivers’ Subjective Evaluation of Vehicle Reaction Under Aerodynamic Excitations
Authors: Kumar Arun , Sällström Erik , Sebben Simone , Jacobson Bengt , Amiri Kaveh
Published: February 2023

Objective

The objectives are to determine which quantities are important to measure to determine how drivers perceive vehicle stability, and to develop a regression model to predict which induced external disturbances drivers are able to feel.

Background

Driver experience of a vehicle’s dynamic performance is important to auto manufacturers. Test engineers and test drivers perform several on-road assessments to evaluate the vehicle’s dynamic performance before sign-off for production. The presence of external disturbances such as aerodynamic forces and moments play a significant role in the overall vehicle assessment. As a result, it is important to understand the relation between the subjective experience of the drivers and these external disturbances acting on the vehicle.

Method

A sequence of external yaw and roll moment disturbances of varying amplitudes and frequencies is added to a straight-line high-speed stability simulation test in a driving simulator. The tests are performed with both common and professional test drivers, and their evaluations to these external disturbances are recorded. The sampled data from these tests are used to generate the needed regression model.

Results

A model is derived for predicting which disturbances drivers can feel. It quantifies difference in sensitivity between driver types and between yaw and roll disturbances.

Conclusion

The model shows a relationship between steering input and driver sensitivity to external disturbances in a straight-line drive. Drivers are more sensitive to yaw disturbance than roll disturbance and increased steering input lowers sensitivity.

Application

Identify the threshold above which unexpected disturbances such as aerodynamic excitations can potentially create unstable vehicle behaviour.
Protest against Covid-19 containment policies in European countries
Authors: Neumayer Eric , Pfaff Katharina Gabriela , Plümper Thomas
Published: February 2023

Protests against coronavirus policies have occurred in all European countries. The intensity of protest varies strongly, however. We explain this variation by strategic choices that protest organizers make to maintain the protest movement. Specifically, we argue that protest organizers pay heed to the dynamics of the pandemic in their country: the number of protest events is higher when and where mortality rates are lower and containment policies are more stringent. At the same time, the number of protest events is influenced by political factors. Despite the fact that civil liberties facilitate trust in government, these two variables exert opposite effects: while higher trust in government and public administration reduces the number of protest events, stronger civil liberties increase the number of protest events. We find evidence for these hypotheses in an analysis of the number of monthly protest events based on information from ACLED, the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project, in 28 European countries between March 2020 and August 2021.
Upping the ante without taking up arms: Why mass movements escalate demands
Authors: Kang Sooyeon
Published: February 2023

One of the unresolved puzzles in the civil resistance and contentious politics literatures is why some movements that begin seeking limited redress in a certain policy space escalate their claims to demand the ousting of a national leader or the entire regime, a process the article terms ‘demand escalation’. For instance, in the summer of 2019, thousands took to the streets of Hong Kong to protest about a proposed extradition bill that would allow criminal suspects to be sent to mainland China to face trial in courts controlled by the Communist Party. However, even after Hong Kong’s leader, Carrie Lam, announced the formal withdrawal of the controversial bill, protests continued with some calling for greater democracy and others demanding Lam’s resignation. Whereas most of the literature on civil resistance treats demands as fixed and focuses on different methods of struggle to pursue predefined ends, this article shows that demands can change as a result of the state–dissent interaction. The article argues that movements are more likely to escalate their demands when the state responds to the initial nonviolent action with a disproportionate use of force, because such an action intensifies the grievances the protesters have against the state and betrays the remaining trust that people might have had in the government. The analysis of a new quantitative dataset that catalogues both reformist and maximalist opposition campaigns globally supports this claim. By incorporating non-maximalist campaigns into the analysis and not treating demands as fixed, this article adds to our understanding of mass campaigns and highlights an overlooked means by which nonviolent campaigns can up their ante without resorting to violence.
A win or a flop? Measuring mass protest successfulness in authoritarian settings
Authors: Turner Kimberly
Published: February 2023

Previously rare events, mass protest movements have become popular vehicles for those seeking political, economic, and social change. How do we evaluate movement success? Most studies addressing movement outcomes are grounded in the goal attainment approach, where movement success is dependent upon fulfilling one’s stated demands. The models derived from this approach heavily rely on visibility and transparency in the policymaking process. These offer limited analytical utility for scholars studying movements in authoritarian states, where policymaking is shrouded and media is state-controlled. Evaluating movements solely on their fulfillment of mission goals is highly problematic, as movements produce more outcomes than their intended goals. Movements also produce unintended benefits: concessions unrelated to the movement’s mission. These include negative consequences, or societal costs. Since movements produce both positive and negative unintended outcomes, any evaluation of a movement should also incorporate the costs associated with new gains. I argue a cost–benefit approach improves scholarly conceptualization and measurement of protest success. I conceptualize protest success as multidimensional and comprised of protest gains and societal costs. I develop a 21-point scale of protest success using Mokken Scale Analysis. AISP diagnostics indicate gains and costs comprise separate subscales, which are collapsed to produce total sum scores. I score 34 nonviolent movements in authoritarian states between 2002 and 2013 on an additive scale. Protests in authoritarian settings attain considerable accomplishments; however, those gains come with significant cost. Most total success scores are negative, indicating considerable backlash is common during and immediately after the demobilization of movements in authoritarian states. Success scores improve upon the canonical binary measure by: (1) offering improved discrimination between movements, (2) identifying cases of regime ‘ignoring’, and (3) pinpointing misclassified cases. By incorporating negative consequences into our evaluations, we advance our understanding why movements deemed successful by scholars are disappointments to their home publics.
Data innovations on protests in the United States
Authors: Dorff Cassy , Adcox Grace , Konet Amanda
Published: February 2023

For decades, the United States has been generally excluded from cross-national quantitative datasets on the study of collective action and political resistance. More recently, however, new data collection efforts are on the rise. These projects specifically focus on gathering granular level information about street protests and mobilizations in the United States. In this article, we conduct a rigorous exploratory data analysis of three contemporary protest datasets. These data collect information about the when, where and how of contentious politics in the United States. Our thorough data review first summarizes the key similarities and differences across the datasets. Next, we review the regional, temporal and methodological strengths and weaknesses of each dataset both individually and in contrast to one another. Last, we examine potential research applications of these data by demonstrating what these data reveal about the risks of protesting in these types of events. We conclude by offering recommendations for data use and future data collection strategies for the study of collective action.
Craniofacial characteristics in Crouzon's syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alfawzan Ahmed Ali , Abutayyem Huda , Kanwal Bushra , Alswairki Haytham Jamil , Verma Swati , Ganji Kiran Kumar , Munisekhar Manay Srinivas , Siddiqui Ammar A , Fahim Ayesha
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to strengthen the credibility of primary research results by combining open-source scientific material, namely a comparison of craniofacial features (Cfc) between Crouzon's syndrome (CS) patients and non-CS populations. All articles published up to October 7, 2021, were included in the search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this study. PECO framework was applied in the following ways: Those who have CS are denoted by the letter P, those who have been diagnosed with CS via clinical or genetic means by the letter E, those who do not have CS by the letter C, and those who have a Cfc of CS by the letter O. Independent reviewers collected the data and ranked the publications based on their adherence to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. A total of six case-control studies were reviewed for this meta-analysis. Due to the large variation in cephalometric measures, only those published in at least two previous studies were included. This analysis found that CS patients had a smaller skull and mandible volumes than those without CS.in terms of SNA° (MD = −2.33, p = <0.001, I2 = 83.6%) and ANB°(MD = −1.89, p = <0.005, I2 = 93.1%)), as well as ANS (MD = −1.87, p = 0.001, I2 = 96.5%)) and SN/PP (MD = −1.99, p = 0.036, I2 = 77.3%)). In comparison to the general population, people with CS tend to have shorter and flatter cranial bases, smaller orbital volumes, and cleft palates. They differ from the general population in having a shorter skull base and more V-shaped maxillary arches.
A novel method for analysis of offshore sustainable energy systems
Authors: Wang Yingguang
Published: February 2023

In the present research, we have proposed a new adaptive kernel density estimation method formulated on the theory of linear diffusion processes. By examining the calculation results we have found that in the tail region, our proposed new adaptive kernel density estimation distribution curve becomes very smooth and fits quite well with the histogram of the measured ocean wave dataset at the US National Data Buoy Center station 46026. Carefully studying the calculation results also reveals that the 50-year extreme Power-Take-Off heaving force value forecasted based on the environmental contour derived using the new method is 3021700N, which is much larger than the value 2458700N forecasted via the Rosenblatt-inverse second-order reliability method contour method. Consequently, our proposed new adaptive kernel density estimation method formulated on the theory of linear diffusion processes can forecast well and efficiently forecast the 50-year extreme design force values for offshore sustainable energy systems.
The symbolic work of political discourse. Populist reason and its foundational myth
Authors: Toscano Javier
Published: February 2023

This article locates Ernesto Laclau’s populist reason as a point of departure to understand the contemporary democratic logic and its so-called ‘excesses’. It argues that, even if resourceful, Laclau’s findings can be supplemented with a theory of the imaginary as developed by Cornelius Castoriadis, as well as with key remarks from a discussion of the theologico-political as this was characterized by Claude Lefort. The aim is to construct an understanding on the political as it is structured by language and the symbolic, presenting thus democracy and populism as two opposing sides of a foundational political myth.
Provision of low-vision rehabilitation services in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almutleb Essam S , Almutairi Saif K , Almutairi Rayan N , Almustanyir Ali H , Alhassan Mosaad M , Alsaqr Ali M , Alabdulqader Balsam A
Published: February 2023

The prevalence of low vision is expected to increase at the national and international levels, given the aging population and the association between the prevalence of ocular disease(s) and increasing age. Thus, it is important to establish knowledge of the distribution, adequacy, and quality of available low vision rehabilitation services nationally and internationally. This will in turn help prioritize eyecare plans and initiatives, and thus deliver effective services. This cross-sectional study enumerated and surveyed all local government and information regarding the geographic location of each participating entity, entity affiliation, availability and types of low vision rehabilitation services, types of providers, and referral patterns were determined. The results of the current study showed that only 4% of the entities provided low vision rehabilitation services and most (75%) were located in the central region. Additionally, the majority of the services (95%) were basic optometric rehabilitation services whereas other services were either rarely offered or not offered at all. Overall, the current low vision rehabilitation services in Saudi Arabia are inadequate to meet the increasing prevalence of the low vision population. Thus, careful planning of eyecare services is required to meet this demand.
Unpacking corporate ownership in property markets: A typology of investors and the making of an investment value chain in Brazil
Authors: Sanfelici Daniel , Magnani Maira
Published: February 2023

Over the past few decades, a growing number of studies have analyzed the social, spatial, and economic consequences of the sharp rise in corporate ownership of property assets. These studies have shown that financial(ized) rationalities, preferences, and techniques increasingly shape the investment behavior of corporate landlords, with notable effects in cities and regions. Less attention has been given, however, to the heterogeneity of actors that are bundled together under the umbrella of corporate landlords, as well as to the investment strategies these different actors pursue. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by analyzing the investment behavior of three corporate and financial investors in Brazil's commercial property markets: pension funds; listed property firms; and real estate investment trusts. Drawing on institutional and evolutionary approaches to economic geography, we build a typology of investor types in Brazil's commercial property markets which shows that the investment preferences of these actors are largely shaped by three key variables: their organizational rules and routines; their ownership structure; and differential access to financing. In addition, we show that these investment preferences translate into distinguishable patterns of property investment and influence broader property market dynamics by giving shape to an investment value chain.
‘We’re just an ambulance at the bottom of the cliff’: Strategies and (a)politics of change in Berlin's community food spaces
Authors: Véron Ophélie
Published: February 2023

The benefits of community-based, grassroots food practices, such as community gardens or kitchens, are widely acknowledged. However, they have also been shown to support neoliberal and exclusionary dynamics. This paper examines this contradiction on the ground by unpacking the processes and mechanisms through which these initiatives reproduce, reinforce or challenge social inequities and injustices in the city. It suggests the concept of community food space to look at the articulation of practices and intentions within these groups, and highlight emancipatory practices situated around food rather than simply about food. The paper draws upon an ongoing militant ethnography into community food spaces in Berlin, Germany. Exploring the complex and diverse landscape of Berlin food activism, it illuminates the ways in which food may be used to perpetuate unjust social configurations or, on the contrary, to advance social justice at both local and structural levels.
Bony Remodeling of Adolescent Displaced Clavicle Fractures: A FACTS Study
Authors: Pennock Andrew T. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Boutelle Kelly E. , Carroll Alyssa N. , Edmonds Eric W. , Nepple Jeffrey J. , Polinsky Samuel G. , Spence David D. , Perkins Crystal , Willimon Samuel C. , Bae Donald S. , Busch Michael T. , Ellis Henry B. , Hergott Katelyn , Kocher Mininder S. , Li Ying , Pandya Nirav K. , Sabatini Coleen S. , Wilson Philip L. ,   FACTS Study Group, Heyworth Benton E.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Bony remodeling of displaced clavicle fractures in adolescents remains poorly understood.

Purpose:

To evaluate and quantify clavicle remodeling in a large population of adolescents with completely displaced fractures, which were treated nonoperatively, to better understand the factors that may influence this process.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients were identified from the databases of a multicenter study group investigating the functional outcomes of adolescent clavicle fractures. Patients between the ages of 10 and 19 years with completely displaced middiaphyseal clavicle fractures that were treated nonoperatively and who had further radiographic imaging of the affected clavicle at a minimum of 9 months from initial injury were included. Fracture shortening, superior displacement, and angulation were measured on the injury and final follow-up radiographs using previously validated techniques. Furthermore, fracture remodeling was classified as complete/near complete, moderate, or minimal, using an original classification system found to have good to excellent reliability (interobserver reliability = 0.78, intraobserver reliability = 0.90). Classifications were subsequently analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to determine the factors associated with deformity correction.

Results:

Ninety-eight patients (mean age, 14.4 ± 2.0 years) were analyzed at a mean radiographic follow-up of 3.4 ± 2.3 years. Fracture shortening, superior displacement, and angulation significantly improved during the follow-up period by 61%, 61%, and 31%, respectively ( P < .001). Furthermore, while 41% of the population had initial fracture shortening >20 mm at final follow-up, only 3% of the cohort had residual shortening >20 mm. Fracture remodeling was found to be associated with follow-up time; those with longer follow-up time demonstrated more remodeling ( P = .001). Eighty-five percent of patients aged <14 years and 54% of patients aged ≥14 years at time of injury with a minimum follow-up of 4 years underwent complete/near-complete remodeling.

Conclusion:

Significant bony remodeling occurs in adolescent patients with completely displaced clavicle fractures, including older adolescents, and appears to continue over longer time intervals, even beyond the adolescent years. This finding may help explain the low rate of symptomatic malunions in adolescents, even in severely displaced fractures, and particularly when compared with rates reported in adult studies.
Reconsidering the Unwanted Sexual Touching of Boys by Adults: An Ethnographic Study in Rural Cambodia
Authors: Eisenbruch Maurice
Published: February 2023

The unwanted sexual touching of boys by adults is a form of child sexual abuse. However, the genital touching of boys may be culturally “normal,” with not all instances necessarily being “unwanted” or “sexual.” This study, set in Cambodia, explored the genital touching of boys and the local cultural constructions of it. It entailed ethnography, participant observation, and case studies involving 60 parents, family members, caregivers, and neighbors (18 men, 42 women) in 7 rural provinces and Phnom Penh. Informants’ views, along with their use of language, proverbs, sayings, and folklore were recorded. The combination of the emotional driver for touching a boy’s genitals and the physical action of doing so is /krɨɨt/ (គ្រឺត or ក្រឺត). The motivation is usually overwhelming affection, and to socialize the boy to cover his nakedness in public. The spectrum of action ranges from light touching to grabbing and pulling. Benign and non-sexual intention is signaled by adding the Khmer predicative /tʰoammeaʔtaa/, or “normal,” as an adverb to the attributive verb /leiŋ/, or play. The genital touching of boys by parents and caregivers is not necessarily sexual in nature, though it is possible that abuse can be committed despite the absence of such intention. Cultural insights are not a “defense” or basis for exculpation, with each case evaluated simultaneously through cultural and rights-based lenses. There are anthropological implications in gender studies, and it is essential to have an understanding of the concept of /krɨɨt/ to ensure that interventions to protect the rights of children are culturally responsive.
The mainstreaming of the far right in France: Republican, liberal and illiberal articulations of racism
Authors: Mondon Aurélien , Dawes Simon
Published: February 2023

In this interview, Aurelien Mondon and Simon Dawes analyse the mainstreaming of far-right politics. It aims to make sense of Marine Le Pen's rise by putting it in perspective and accounting for the role of the mainstream itself in the process. Building on the research Mondon has undertaken with colleagues, this interview explores in particular the importance of understanding mainstreaming beyond it being the success of the far right or a sign of its growing popularity. In particular, this requires a more critical take on issues such as populism, but also articulations of racism, to understand how politics which had been relegated to the margins of history have returned to the norm and occupy today a disproportionate space in public discourse. Far from downplaying the threat posed by the far right today, Mondon stresses that combatting it is of course essential, but that a more holistic approach, which tackles the role of mainstream actors in the legitimisation of reactionary politics, is essential if we are to stop the slide towards fascism.
Forced vibration characteristics of lock gate structure
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Pal Priyaranjan , Duggal Shashi Kant
Published: February 2023

The influence of fluid on the lock gate structure in a dam-reservoir system subjected to sinusoidal excitation is investigated. The gate’s material is considered homogeneous, isotropic, prismatic, and elastic, and the gate is analysed using Mindlin’s plate theory. The fluid is considered non-viscous, incompressible, and has an irrotational flow field. The method of separation of variables with the Fourier half range cosine series is used to solve the fluid domain’s Laplace equation. The fluid’s infinite length is curtailed near the gate, controlling the calculations without affecting the results too much. Both the domains are interacted with each other by transferring the fluid’s pressure to the gate and the gate’s acceleration to fluid. At the fluid’s free surface, undisturbed and linearised, conditions are considered. The Newmark-beta time integration approach is used to solve the forced vibration equations using developed FORTRAN computer code. A study has been performed to assess the dynamic pressure variation due to fluid. The present results may be valuable if the lock gate is subjected to any terrible natural phenomena.
Role of IVIg in Severe Neonatal Jaundice due to Isoimmunization A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Bhatti Anuj , Bakshi Vasundhara
Published: February 2023

Aim

To see the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in reducing the need for exchange transfusion (ET) in neonates with isoimmune hemolytic disease with serum bilirubin at or above exchange level.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study conducted in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care center from March 2015 to February 2020 included neonates with gestational age ≥35 weeks with positive Direct Coombs Test with serum bilirubin at or above exchange level according to American Academy of Pediatrics charts with no bilirubin encephalopathy at presentation. Study subjects were followed till discharge.

Results

ET was prevented in 8/41 (19.5%) cases who received IVIg initially vs. 2/51 cases (3.92%) who didn’t ( P = .02, relative risk: 1.98 with 95% confidence interval [1.32-2.98] with number needed to treat: 2.51). Total duration of phototherapy was significantly lesser in those receiving IVIg ( P < .0001).

Conclusion

Targeted use of IVIg in isoimmune hemolytic disease of newborn with serum bilirubin rising despite intensive phototherapy or within 2 to 3 mg/dL of the exchange level is more likely to benefit than harm and remain prudent.
Sex integration in equestrian sport: Challenging male dominance of horseracing in Mexico
Authors: Monterrubio Carlos , Dashper Katherine
Published: February 2023

Unisex sport – where males and females compete directly against each other with no form of differentiation – offers a radical challenge to the norms of sex segregation that contribute to ongoing gender inequality in sport. This article presents findings from an ethnographic study of horseracing events in rural Mexico as an example of the unisex model operating within a wider sociocultural context still characterised by machismo and traditional gender relations. Findings indicate that although horseracing remains a male-dominated sporting space, the presence of women as jockeys, spectators and veterinary professionals is beginning to challenge this. Women's acceptance is contingent on male support and authorisation, and women are often marginalised symbolically and physically, yet their presence illustrates that the unisex model may be an important way of beginning to challenge the masculinisation of horseracing. The study highlights the importance of considering how the wider sociocultural context influences acceptance and experience of the unisex model and steps towards greater gender equality in horseracing and other unisex sports.
The parable of the Therapeutic Goods Administration approval of esketamine (Spravato) in Australia
Authors: Lugg William
Published: February 2023

Objective

To review the sequence of events that led to the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) approval of esketamine in Australia, and to explore the potential ethical and clinical consequences of it.

Conclusions

Trust in the TGA is of paramount importance to Australian psychiatrists. The approval of esketamine raises serious questions about the processes, independence and authority of the TGA, and therefore the confidence Australian psychiatrists can have in the ‘quality, safety and efficacy’ of the drugs they offer their patients.
“Do Not Carry the Load by Yourself”: Advice for Families Affected by Non-Medical Opioid Use
Authors: Friedrich Florentine S. , Pasman Emily , Boraginna-Ballard Lena , O’Shay Sydney , Szechy Kathryn A. , Ellis Jennifer D. , Resko Stella M. , Brown Suzanne
Published: February 2023

Non-medical opioid use (NMOU) has had a devastating effect on families. Affected families may experience interpersonal and financial problems and self-stigma that can impede help-seeking and self-care. This study aimed to identify recommendations for families affected by opioids given by those with lived experience. Adults with a family member with NMOU ( N = 299) completed a survey that included an open-ended question asking for advice for other families similarly affected by opioids. Data were coded independently by research team members using an iterative approach to thematic analysis. Themes included seeking support, seeking education, and managing relationships with the loved one and others. Results highlight avenues for helping families cope while supporting a loved one who uses opioids, including contact with others with shared experience and access to educational resources. Families affected by opioids can provide valuable insights that should be considered when designing supports for families.
Evaluation of Response to High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin K Administration
Authors: Chapman April R. , Yerke Jason R. , Lumpkin Mollie , Rudoni Michael A. , Militello Michael , Wang Lu , Bass Stephanie N.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Essential to the coagulation pathway, vitamin K (phytonadione) is used to correct clotting factor deficiencies and for reversal of warfarin-induced bleeding. In practice, high-dose intravenous (IV) vitamin K is often used, despite limited evidence supporting repeated dosing.

Objective:

This study sought to characterize differences in responders and nonresponders to high-dose vitamin K to guide dosing strategies.

Methods:

This was a case-control study of hospitalized adults who received vitamin K 10 mg IV daily for 3 days. Cases were represented by patients who responded to the first dose of IV vitamin K and controls were nonresponders. The primary outcome was change in international normalized ratio (INR) over time with subsequent vitamin K doses. Secondary outcomes included factors associated with response to vitamin K and incidence of safety events. The Cleveland Clinic Institutional Review Board approved this study.

Results:

There were 497 patients included, and 182 were responders. Most patients had underlying cirrhosis (91.5%). In responders, the INR decreased from 1.89 at baseline (95% CI = [1.74-2.04]) to 1.40 on day 3 (95% CI = [1.30-1.50]). In nonresponders, the INR decreased from 1.97 (95% CI = [1.83-2.13]) to 1.85 ([1.72-1.99]). Factors associated with response included lower body weight, absence of cirrhosis, and lower bilirubin. There was a low incidence of safety events observed.

Conclusions:

In this study of mainly patients with cirrhosis, the overall adjusted decrease in INR over 3 days was 0.3, which may have minimal clinical impact. Additional studies are needed to identify populations who may benefit from repeated daily doses of high-dose IV vitamin K.
The Actual and the Desired Verbal and Non-Verbal Sexually Assertive Communication between Married Couples from a Collectivistic Muslim Culture
Authors: Husain Waqar , Ahmed Nashia , Fatima Rida-e-
Published: February 2023

Explicit and frequent verbal and non-verbal sexual communication is essential for marital satisfaction. Most of the studies on sexual communication relate to the Western cultures. The current study investigated the gaps between the actual and the desired sexually assertive verbal and non-verbal communication between husbands and wives belonging to a collectivistic Muslim culture. The study involved 207 married couples from Pakistan. A newly developed questionnaire along with ‘the longing for interpersonal touch picture questionnaire’ was used to gather data. The study revealed significant differences between the actual and the desired levels of sexually assertive communication among couples. It was found that husbands and wives were not sexually as vocal and expressive as they desired to be. Husbands, furthermore, significantly craved for hugging and stroking from their wives. The significant gap between the actual and the desired levels of sexually assertive communication was regarded as a product of certain psychosocial factors such as shame, gender, morality, modesty, culture, and female objectification.
Prognostic Value of Tumor Size in Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on SEER Database
Authors: Xiao Jian , Shen Kuan , Fan Hao , Wang Gang , Liu Kanghui , Wang Yuanhang , Ma Xiang , Ni Peidong , Xu Zekuan , Yang Li
Published: February 2023

Background. Although tumor size is regarded as the “T” stage of the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system for many solid tumors, its prognostic impact in gastric cancer remains uncertain and conflicting. Methods. We enrolled 6960 eligible patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The X-tile program was used to select the best cut-off value of tumor size. Then, the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were applied to examine the efficacy of tumor size on prognostic prediction for overall survival (OS) and gastric cancer-specific survival (GCSS). The presence of nonlinear association was determined by the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Results. Tumor size was divided into 3 groups: small size (≤2.5 cm), medium size (2.6-5.2 cm), and large size (≥5.3 cm). After adjusting by covariates such as depth of tumor infiltration, the large and medium groups showed a worse prognosis than the small group; however, no survival difference in OS was suggested between the medium and large groups. Similarly, although there was a nonlinear relationship between tumor size and survival, increasing tumor size did not show an independent negative effect on prognosis in the RCS analysis. However, the stratified analyses proposed this 3-way cut of tumor size in prognostic prediction for patients with both inadequate lymphadenectomy and negative nodal metastasis. Conclusions. Tumor size as a prognostic predictor may not have good clinical applicability in gastric cancer. Otherwise, it was recommended for patients with both insufficient examinations of lymph nodes and stage N0 disease.
Next Generation Sequencing in Vitellointestinal Duct Adenoma: Existence of Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence or too Early to Predict?
Authors: Srivastava Pallavi , Mishra Sridhar , Shukla Saumya , Husain Nuzhat
Published: February 2023

Patent vitello-intestinal duct with adenoma is rare presentation. We report a case of a 1-month-old boy presenting with intermittent passage of stool and blood from the umbilicus since birth. On local examination polypoidal mass measuring 1×1 cm was seen protruding from umbilicus with faecal discharge. Ultrasound was performed which revealed a tubular hyperechoic structure, extending from umbilicus to part of small intestine measuring 30 ×30 mm and clinical diagnosis of patent vitello-intestinal duct was given, exploratory laparotomy, excision with umbilicoplasty done, and send for histopathological examination. On histopathological examination, patent vitello-intestinal duct adenoma was rendered and next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed revealing somatic mutation of KRAS (NM_033360.4; c.38G>A; p.Gly12Asp). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the adenoma in patent vitello-intestinal duct with NGS analysis. This case emphasizes the importance of thorough microscopic examination of resected patent vitello-intestinal duct and mutational analysis of the early lesions
Which hematology/oncology patients are high priority for ambulatory clinical pharmacist review? A three-round Delphi survey by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network
Authors: Booth Jennifer P , Kennerly-Shah Julie M , Kelley Lindsey R , Capozzi Donna , Prescott Hillary A , Soefje Scott A , Pace Makala B , Barbour Sally Y , Tizon Ricky F , DeVincenzo Sarah , Carnes Cynthia A , Neidecker Marjorie V
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Prioritization and acuity tools have been leveraged to facilitate targeted and efficient clinical pharmacist interventions. However, there is a lack of established pharmacy-specific acuity factors in the ambulatory hematology/oncology setting. Therefore, National Comprehensive Cancer Network's Pharmacy Directors Forum conducted a survey to establish consensus on acuity factors associated with hematology/oncology patients that are high priority for ambulatory clinical pharmacist review.

Methods

A three-round electronic Delphi survey was conducted. During the first round, respondents were asked an open-ended question to suggest acuity factors based on their expert opinion. Respondents were then asked in the second round to agree or disagree with the compiled acuity factors, in which those with ≥75% agreement were included in the third round. The final consensus was defined as a mean score ≥3.33 on a modified 4-point Likert scale (4 = strongly agree, 1 = strongly disagree) during the third round.

Results

A total of 124 hematology/oncology clinical pharmacists completed the first round of the Delphi survey (invitation response rate, 36.7%), of which 103 completed the second round (response rate, 83.1%) and 84 the third round (response rate, 67.7%). A final consensus was achieved for 18 acuity factors. Acuity factors were identified in the following themes: antineoplastic regimen characteristics, drug interactions, organ dysfunction, pharmacogenomics, recent discharge, laboratory parameters, and treatment-related toxicities.

Conclusions

This Delphi panel of 124 clinical pharmacists achieved consensus on 18 acuity factors that would identify a hematology/oncology patient as a high priority for ambulatory clinical pharmacist review. The research team envisions incorporating these acuity factors into a pharmacy-specific electronic scoring tool.
Executive Functions Contribute to the Differences Between ADHD and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) in Adults
Authors: Godoy Victor Polignano , Serpa Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira , Fonseca Rochele Paz , Malloy-Diniz Leandro Fernandes
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

This paper analyses the relationship between sociodemographic variables, executive dysfunctions, Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) and the mainly dimensions of ADHD: hyperactivity-impulsivity (ADHD-H/I) and inattention (ADHD-IN) in Brazilian adults.

Method:

A cross-sectional, exploratory, and comparative design was used. A total of 446 participants (295 women) aging from 18 to 63 years old ( M = 3,499 years, SD = 10.7) were recruited on the internet. Correlations, t independent tests and regressions were conducted.

Results:

Higher scores in ADHD dimensions were associated to more executive functioning problems and time perception distortions in comparison to those participants without significant ADHD symptoms. However, ADHD-IN dimension as well as SCT were higher associated with these dysfunctions than ADHD-H/I. The regression results showed that ADHD-IN was more related to Self-Management to time while ADHD-H/I to Self-Restraint and SCT to Self-Organization/Problem Solving.

Conclusion:

This paper contributed to the distinction between SCT and ADHD in adults in important psychological dimensions.
Investigation of viscoelastic properties in composite sandwich panels subjected to low-velocity impact: Experimental and numerical approaches
Authors: Hosseinkhani Milad , Ghavami Hamed , Haghighi-Yazdi Mojtaba , Mosavi Mashhadi Mahmoud , Safarabadi Majid
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the effect of viscoelastic properties in the numerical modeling of foam-filled sandwich panels when their composite facesheets are exposed to low-velocity impact loading. A finite element (FE) model is developed using the software package of ABAQUS and used to investigate the effect of both considering and ignoring the time-dependent behavior of composite laminate facesheets as well as the foam core. Material constitutive equations, damage characteristics, and failure modes are defined in a FORTRAN user-subroutine VUMAT. To characterize the material behavior of both polyurethane foam and glass/epoxy composite material, a set of experimental tests are conducted under compression, tension, and stress relaxation modes. To validate the numerical results, low-velocity impact tests at two energy levels of 9.81 and 17 joules are carried out on sandwich panels with foam core. The results of numerical simulations are found to be in good agreement with the experimental test results. It is shown that ignoring the viscoelastic properties in the composite laminate and the foam core can lead to deviations of up to 7% and 25%, respectively, from experimental results. The analysis reveals that, ignoring the viscoelastic behavior along the fiber-direction in the composite facesheets does no change the results considerably. The viscoelastic properties perpendicular to the fibers, however, has a more noticeable effect on the results due to the prevalence of the properties of the polymeric resin in that direction.
Honoring Indigenous Sacred Places and Spirit in Environmental Health
Authors: Cloud Quanah Yellow , Redvers Nicole
Published: February 2023

Indigenous Peoples and their deep knowledges offer a fundamentally important way of seeing the world and the environment. Through relationships to distinct ancestral homelands, Indigenous Peoples have developed unique ways of surviving, adapting, connecting, and relating to their respective environments. Indigenous Sacred Places themselves are connections to ancestors, to all beings on the planet, and to different planes of existence. Sacred Places serve an important environmental role in many Indigenous Nations around the globe. Yet, Indigenous Sacred Places, and in particular understandings of spirit that connect Sacred Places, have been historically and contemporarily marginalized and excluded from environmental health academic discourse and spaces. This despite concrete calls for the amplification of Indigenous traditional knowledges—that of which does not separate spirit from knowledge, or spirit from action—they are intertwined. With this, we sought to amplify in this Perspective, understandings and connectivity between Sacred Places, spirit, and environmental health through the stories from Indigenous Elders, processes of ceremony, and personal synthesis.