bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The structure control on volcanic spring pattern distribution eastern slope of Salak Mountain and western slope of Pangrango Mountain on Cisadane upstream watershed, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Silohadi S I T , Kusumayudha S B , Prasetyadi C , Yatini  , Pamungkas H S R
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the structures affecting spring distribution patterns and types study in the upstream Cisadane Watershed of Bogor Regency, on the east and west slopes of Mount Salak and Mount Pangrango. The morphotectonic and structural analyses were performed using the Landsat digital elevation model (DEM) and satellite imagery data processing. Initial information about geological structures was gathered by examining and determining the lineament, or straightness, of hills and slopes to derive broad patterns. Calculating morphotectonic and structural straightness (lineament) connected with the distribution pattern of springs was performed as the descriptive, quantitative, and correlative approach. The findings indicated a relationship between the morphotectonic general pattern of structure and influence on the properties and distribution of springs and the straightness pattern of hills and valleys. The active morphotectonic analysis result revealed moderate to high-class active tectonics. The northwest-southeast and southwest-northeast directions were indicated by the lineament analysis results; the density of the lineament pattern determined the spring distribution pattern.
Sustainable supply chain in carbon emissions assessment with blockchain technology driven: a framework for mining industries
Authors: Vikaliana R , Rahmawati N F , Hidayat Y R , Islah K , Sari S N , Santoso T , Kristanto R
Published: December 2024

Mining sector contributes significantly to global emissions, so reducing greenhouse gas emissions is important for both economy and the environment. Some viable approaches include incorporating blockchain technology, establishing sustainable supply chains, and developing environmentally conscious supply chain designs. The aim of this study was to recommend a framework for measuring carbon emissions in mining supply chains driven by blockchain technology. Basing the framework on a systematic literature review, we further confirmed our findings through interviews with informants from various stakeholders in the mining industry (n=10). The results showed that by integrating blockchain technology into the evaluation of carbon emissions in supply chains, sustainability would greatly improve. The framework outlined in this article delineates the procedures and advantages of employing blockchain technology to expand transparency, mitigate emissions, and bolster overall sustainability. Potential future research areas may probe deeper into investigating the economic consequences and regulatory factors, and enduring viability of carbon emissions management frameworks that utilize blockchain technology.
Five years of monitoring the swampy forest system: a pilot project for acid mine drainage treatment to achieve threshold value
Authors: Noor I , Hairudin  , Arifin Y F , Mustafa A
Published: December 2024

This research evaluated the effectiveness of the swampy forest system, a unique and cost-effective approach developed based on a conventional method for acid mine drainage treatment at the Jorong coal mine in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The conventional method uses lime for acid neutralization and is often considered expensive. Acid mine drainage, with its high acidity and heavy metal contents, must be mitigated to achieve threshold values before being released into public waters. This research aimed to determine whether the swampy forest system pilot project, implemented in 2019, had sustainable and proper operations. As mandated by applicable regulations, quarterly observations of seven threshold parameters before and after acid mine drainage were conducted between 2019 and 2024. The observations revealed that the swampy forest system could change the parameter values to achieve the threshold value within five years of operations, demonstrating its exceptional long-term sustainability. Conclusively, this system is viable for natural application at a low cost at the closure stage of the abandoned mine.
Analysis of work productivity and compatibility of excavation-loading equipment and transport equipment in soil salvaging activities at Katala Hill area of PT. Amman
Authors: Taufikurrachman  , Rahmawati D
Published: December 2024

PT. Amman Mineral Internasional Tbk in Katala Hill, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, is an open-pit mining company producing copper as its main commodity, followed by gold and silver. The initial stage of mining involves soil removal in land clearing activities for reclamation, waste disposal areas, and construction of other infrastructure. In soil salvaging activities, it is essential to understand the influential factors to productivity and the match factor in mechanical equipment, including work efficiency, delay time, cycle time, fill factor, and swell factor. The objective of this study is to determine the productivity and match factor values of the digging-loading equipment and transportation equipment in soil salvaging activities in the Katala Hill area. This study applied the descriptive quantitative method, involving direct field observations of the digging-loading and transportation equipment activities and interviews with mining workers. Based on the results, the actual work efficiency of the digging-loading equipment was 59% and the transportation equipment was 76%, the actual productivity of the digging-loading equipment was 825.00Bcm/h, the transportation equipment productivity was 611.17 Bcm/h, and the compatibility factor value is 0.7408. After increasing the work efficiency of the conveyance by 83%, the conveyance productivity was 667.46 Bcm/h with the match factor increasing to 0.8090.
Negotiating wilder nature: developing a views-of-nature typology
Authors: Christoffersen Lisbet , B Randrup Thomas
Published: December 2024

Communication is an integral part of landscape management, and effective dialogue across views of nature and knowledge systems is needed for sustainable transformations. To allow for a plurality of biodiversity management practices, the ability to recognise and reflect on diverging management approaches and attitudes is needed to facilitate a dialogue between holders of conflicting visions. This article offers a typology that helps identify and understand competing discourses, or ‘nature arguments’, which actively shape what can (or cannot) be thought of as reasonable management strategies to accommodate biodiversity. We explore nature arguments anchored in fundamentally different assumptions about what is right, appreciated or true, and identify three different ideal types. In literature, web-pages, public debates and professional journals, we see a trend in views of nature towards ‘a wilder paradigm’, challenging existing approaches to biodiversity accommodation. Comprehension of the different nature views, including one’s own, and a simultaneous awareness of ‘persuasive powers’, can help the facilitation of a difficult and sometimes heated negotiation.
A material design guideline for self-assembled vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films
Authors: Song Jiawei , Wang Haiyan
Published: December 2024

Nanocomposite thin films, comprising two or more distinct materials at nanoscale, have attracted significant research interest considering their potential of integrating multiple functionalities for advanced applications in electronics, energy storage, photonics, photovoltaics, and sensing. Among various fabrication technologies, a one-step pulsed laser deposition process enables the self-assembly of materials into vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs). The demonstrated VAN systems include oxide–oxide, oxide–metal, and nitride–metal VAN films and their growth mechanisms are vastly different. These complexities pose challenges in the designs, materials selection, and prediction of the resulted VAN morphologies and properties. The review examines the key roles that surface energy plays in the VAN growth and provides a generalized materials design guideline combining the two key factors of surface energy and lattice strain/mismatch, along with other factors related to growth kinetics that collectively influence the morphology of VAN films. This review aims to offer valuable guidelines for future material selection and microstructure design in the development of self-assembled VAN films.
Beyond smoothness: the art of surface texturing battling against friction
Authors: Xiao Qianhao , Wang Xuanyao , Wang Yayong , Zheng Wei , Xu Jiwen , Luo Xichun , Sun Jining , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2024

Leveraging surface texturing to realize significant friction reduction at contact interfaces has emerged as a preferred technique among tribology experts, boosting tribological energy efficiency and sustainability. This review systematically demonstrates optimization strategies, advanced manufacturing methods, typical applications, and outlooks of technical challenges toward surface texturing for friction reduction. Firstly, the lubricated contact models of microtextures are introduced. Then, we provide a framework of state-of-the-art research on synergistic friction optimization strategies of microtexture structures, surface treatments, liquid lubricants, and external energy fields. A comparative analysis evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of manufacturing techniques commonly employed for microtextured surfaces. The latest research advancements in microtextures in different application scenarios are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and directions of future research on surface texturing technology are briefly addressed. This review aims to elaborate on the worldwide progress in the optimization, manufacturing, and application of microtexture-enabled friction reduction technologies to promote their practical utilizations.
Optimal PI controller parameter setting for torque ripple minimization in SVPWM–DTC based BLDC motor drive using sine cosine algorithm
Authors: Kumar Mallempati Sunil , Satheesh Gopisetti , Sujatha P
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on the selection of the most suitable values for the PI controller parameters to minimize the discrepancy between the desired reference values and the actual values of speed and torque in the context of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation-Direct Torque Control (SVPWM-DTC) of Brushless DC motors (BLDCM). To effectively fine-tune the PI controller, the criteria of Integral of Squared Speed Error (ISSE), Integral of Squared Torque Error (ISTE), and Integral of Squared Flux Error (ISFE) are taken into account as the objective functions across various scenarios. Nevertheless, when it comes to optimizing multiple objective functions, the most optimal approach is to reduce their linear combination. This paper employs JAYA and Sine Cosine algorithms (SCA) for the calibration of the gain parameters of the PI Controller. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed optimal PI controller for SVPWM-DTC of BLDCM, simulations are conducted. According to the findings of the simulations, the Sine Cosine technique yields a remarkable improvement by reducing the torque ripple and controlling the speed peaks overshoot reducing it to 61.6% and 11.9% respectively, and the JAYA algorithm.
Developing precision in WEDM machining of Mg-SiC nanocomposites using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Tamang Santosh Kumar , Chauhan Aditya , Banerjee Debojit , Teyi N , Samanta Sutanu
Published: December 2024

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is one of the most commonly used non-conventional machining processes in the aerospace, nuclear, and precision industries. This technology possesses numerous advantages over traditional machining processes due to its superior properties, such as high precision of machined surfaces, ease of machining of complex shapes, and hard material processing. This study focuses on investigating the performance characteristics of Mg-SiC nanocomposite through experimental analysis using WEDM, with surface roughness as the key evaluation parameter. Employing a fractional factorial design, twenty-five experimental datasets were generated to explore the impact of WEDM machining parameters, including Pulse on time (T

on
), Pulse off time (T

off
), Servo voltage (SV), and Peak current (I

p
), on surface roughness. Leveraging a machine learning approach, specifically, Support Vector Regression (SVR) integrated with Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), an integrated predictive surface roughness model for machined substrates was developed. The predicted results exhibited a high level of agreement with experimental data, boasting a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.866 and a mean square error (MSE) of 0.364. A novel aspect of this work lies in integrating GA-PSO with SVR to obtain optimized surface roughness values. Through this methodology, SVR-GA and SVR-PSO achieved optimum surface roughness values of 0.187 μm and 0.132 μm, respectively, with SVR-PSO demonstrating superior performance by outperforming SVR-GA after 360 and 428 iterations, respectively. Thus, this study presents a novel and effective approach to optimizing surface roughness values in WEDM processes.
Rejection ratio and responsivity of dual-layer III-nitride alloy photodetectors
Authors: Allam Zehor , Boudaoud Chahrazad , Bouchachia Badia
Published: December 2024

The III-Nitride alloys (AlGaN and InGaN) photodetectors with Schottky barriers have been studied, focusing on two structures with active layers: one based on Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN semiconductors and the other on an In0.05Ga0.95N/GaN heterostructure. For an overall efficiency of 70%, both proposed devices exhibit remarkable responsivity. The AlGaN structure achieves a responsivity of 111.25 A W−1 at 2 V, while the InGaN device attains 4.302 A/W under the same voltage. At an applied voltage of 8 V, the responsivity of the AlGaN device increases to 83.73 A W−1, compared to 34.42 A/W for the InGaN device. When operating at 10 V, the AlGaN structure achieves a responsivity of 105 A W−1, whereas the InGaN device reaches only 6.84 A W−1. At room temperature, the visible rejection ratio for the Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN device is 3.33 × 104 at 10 V, a high value that indicates the superior performance of the Al0.25Ga0.75N photodetector. In comparison, the In0.05Ga0.95N/GaN-based photodetector achieved a value of 2.935 at 10 V. Additionally, the maximum photocurrent obtained was 3.045 mA for the Al0.25Ga0.75N device at 10 V and 0.0472 mA for the In0.05Ga0.95N device at the same voltage.
ILSI Europe Systematic Review: The Impact of Digestible and Nondigestible Carbohydrate Consumption for Toddlers (1–4 Years) in Relation to Health Outcomes
Authors: Zalewski Bartlomiej M , Weiss Gisela A , Campoy Cristina , Decsi Tamás , Di Profio Elisabetta , Mestdagh Renaud , Rakhshandehroo Maryam , Szajewska Hania , Theis Stephan , Vaughan Elaine E , Verduci Elvira , Chang Ching-Yu
Published: December 2024

Context

Early dietary habits play a crucial role in shaping long-term health outcomes. Understanding the effects of different carbohydrate types on physiological markers is essential for developing evidence-based nutritional guidelines for toddlers.

Objective

The aim was to systematically evaluate the impact of both digestible and nondigestible carbohydrate intake during early childhood (1–4 years of age) on various health outcomes, including growth patterns, metabolic parameters, and the development of risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched up to April 2022 to identify studies investigating carbohydrate consumption in toddlers.

Data Extraction

The types of carbohydrates consumed, their sources, and their associations with growth parameters and metabolic markers were extracted. Thirty-one publications, including 18 cohort studies and 2 randomized controlled trials, were included.

Data Analysis

The risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis was performed, with a visual summary table of the direction of effects.

Conclusion

In toddlers, the negative impact on health risks later in life is more pronounced for digestible dietary carbohydrate intake in liquid forms, such as sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice, compared with solid forms. Higher nondigestible carbohydrate (dietary fiber) intake during early childhood showed a beneficial trend on later lipid profile. Further studies are required to comprehensively assess the effect of digestible and nondigestible carbohydrate intake in toddlers on cognitive and psychomotor development, infections, bowel function, and gut microbiota.
Investigating the Role of Soybean Genetic Resistance on the Production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotia
Authors: Webster Richard Wade , Groves Carol , Mueller Brian , Renfroe-Becton Hope , Smith Damon L.
Published: December 2024

Sclerotia serve as survival structures for many plant pathogens, including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which causes Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) in soybeans and leads to significant yield losses. While partially resistant soybean varieties are effective in reducing SSR incidence, the relationship between resistance and sclerotial production remains unclear. This study investigated the sclerotial production of two soybean recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with differential levels of SSR resistance under both greenhouse and field conditions. In the greenhouse, three S. sclerotiorum isolates of varying aggressiveness were used to screen the two RILs, revealing differences in disease development and sclerotial characteristics. Under greenhouse conditions, the susceptible RIL resulted in greater SSR development, higher total sclerotia production, and greater sclerotial mass per plant than the resistant RIL. Field trials in 2022 and 2023 with the same two soybean RILs, demonstrated that the susceptible RIL consistently produced more sclerotia than the resistant. Further linear regressions between the SSR incidence (DI, %) and sclerotial mass were examined for the susceptible and resistant RILs, where on the susceptible each 10% increase in DI resulted in 28.5 kg ha-1 of sclerotia produced, and on the resistant RIL each 10% increase in DI resulted in 16.2 kg ha-1. These findings provide new insights into the impact of SSR resistance in soybeans on sclerotial production and highlight the importance of selecting resistant soybean varieties to reduce potential build-up of long-lasting inoculum loads.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sun Zhiheng , He Wanyu , Meng Huiwen , Li Peizhi , Qu Junxing
Published: December 2024

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and irreversible lung disease that leads to diminished lung function, respiratory failure, and ultimately death and typically has a poor prognosis, with an average survival time of 2 to 5 years. Related articles suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress played a critical role in the occurrence and progression of PF. The ER is responsible for maintaining protein homeostasis. However, factors such as aging, hypoxia, oxidative stress, or inflammation can disrupt this balance, promoting the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER and triggering ER stress. To cope with this situation, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Since acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the key onset events of PF, in this review, we will discuss the role of ER stress in ALI and PF by activating multiple signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms that affect the function and behavior of different cell types, with a focus on epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Linking ER stress to these cell types may broaden our understanding of the mechanisms underlying lung fibrosis and help us target these cells through these mechanisms. The relationship between ER stress and PF is still evolving, and future research will explore new strategies to regulate UPR pathways, providing novel therapeutic targets.
Drug-induced Liver Injury Due to Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From the DILIN Prospective Study
Authors: Gopalakrishna Harish , Ghabril Marwan , Gu Jiezhun , Li Yi Ju , Fontana Robert J. , Kleiner David E. , Koh Christopher , Chalasani Naga ,   for the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Concerns about drug-induced liver injury (DILI) may deter physicians from prescribing medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD). We aim to explore DILI due to MAUD in Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) prospective study.

Methods

High-confidence DILI cases (ie, definite, highly likely, or probable) due to MAUD in DILIN prospective study (2004–2024) were included. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data, and 6-month outcomes were analyzed. HLA allele frequency (AF) of disulfiram cases was compared to matched controls with DILI due to non-MAUD (DILI controls).

Results

Among 1975 high-confidence cases, 13 were attributed to MAUD (11 disulfiram; 1 naltrexone and 1 baclofen; and none from acamprosate). Median age was 45 years, with 77% female and 85% White. All had hepatocellular injury. In disulfiram group, the median time for DILI occurrence was 34 days. Eight patients developed jaundice, with 3 fatal or near-fatal cases (2 liver transplantation and 1 liver-related death). Five (71%) patients with severe or fatal disulfiram DILI had underlying liver disease. AF for HLA-C*01:02 (OR, 6.29; P = 0.02) and DRB1*09:01 (OR, 10.16; P = 0.02) were significantly higher in disulfiram cases than in DILI controls. DILI from baclofen and naltrexone was mild and self-limited with no chronic DILI.

Conclusions

Disulfiram is the leading cause of DILI among MAUD and is most common in women. Disulfiram can cause severe DILI and is associated with HLA-C*01:02 and DRB1*09:01. Baclofen and naltrexone can cause mild to moderate self-limited DILI. There were no cases of acamprosate. These findings suggest DILI due to MAUD are less frequent.
What Clinicians Think About When They Think About Sepsis: Results From a Survey Across the University of Maryland Medical System
Authors: Yang Jerry M. , Tisherman Samuel A. , Leekha Surbhi , Smedley Angela , Kenaa Blaine , King Samantha , Wu Connie , Kim David J. , Dowling Dorsey , Baghdadi Jonathan D.
Published: December 2024

IMPORTANCE:

Sepsis, a leading cause of death in the hospital, is a heterogeneous syndrome without a defined or specific set of symptoms.

OBJECTIVES:

We conducted a survey of clinicians in practice to understand which clinical findings they tend to associate with sepsis.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

A survey was distributed to physicians and advanced practice providers across a multihospital health system during April 2022 and May 2022 querying likelihood of suspecting sepsis and initiating sepsis care in response to various normal and abnormal clinical findings.

ANALYSIS:

Strength of association between clinical findings and suspicion of sepsis were based on median and interquartile range of complete responses. Comparisons between individual questions were performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum testing.

RESULTS:

Among 179 clinicians who opened the survey, 68 (38%) completed all questions, including 53 (78%) attending physicians representing six different hospitals. Twenty-nine respondents (43%) worked primarily in the ICU, and 16 (24%) worked in the emergency department. The clinical findings most strongly associated with suspicion of sepsis were hypotension, tachypnea, coagulopathy, leukocytosis, respiratory distress, and fever. The abnormal clinical findings least likely to prompt suspicion for sepsis were elevated bilirubin, elevated troponin, and abdominal examination suggesting ileus. On average, respondents were more likely to suspect sepsis with high temperature than with low temperature (p = 0.008) and with high WBC count than with low WBC count (p = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinicians in practice tend to associate the diagnosis of sepsis with signs of severe illness, such as hypotension or respiratory distress, and systemic inflammation, such as fever and leukocytosis. Except for coagulopathy, nonspecific laboratory indicators of organ dysfunction have less influence on decision-making.
Implementation of Diabetic Remote Patient Monitor for Underserved Population
Authors: Judson Tonya , Patel Bela , Hernandez Alison , Talley Michele
Published: December 2024

A nurse-led interprofessional clinic adopted the use of remote patient monitoring (RPM) for glucose monitoring to better serve their patient population of uninsured patients with uncontrolled diabetes. The adoption of the RPM system required an infrastructure design to connect multiple data points and adapt to the needs of the clinic's unique patient population for a seamless provider and patient experience. Implementation requirements were addressed in three phases: protocol adaptation, enrollment workflow, and clinic management of RPM patients.
Challenges of Faith Community Nursing in a Midwestern Healthcare System
Authors: Jones Krista , Abbasi Hiba , Scott Gregory , Williamson Danna
Published: December 2024

Faith community nurses are positioned to play a vital role in addressing whole person health in multiple settings. A steady decline of nurses completing faith community nurse (FCN) training in a midwestern healthcare system sparked the system's hospital leadership to re-evaluate the FCN training and outreach program. To inform future education programs, an online needs assessment survey was deployed to FCNs. Focus groups were used to understand the FCNs' experiences in their role. The findings highlight a need for comprehensive educational programs, support networks, and funding mechanisms to support faith community nursing practice.
Investigating the adverse drug reactions of testosterone using Mendelian randomization: a study protocol
Authors: Rhomberg-Kauert Annika Magdalena , Tulstrup Morten , Horwitz Henrik , Heerfordt Ida M.
Published: December 2024

This protocol outlines a systematic review that aims to explore the adverse effects of testosterone exposure using Mendelian randomization studies. Testosterone plays an important role in numerous physiological processes, yet the causal relationships between testosterone levels and various health outcomes remain unclear, particularly in the context of testosterone therapy and anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse. Traditional observational studies are limited by confounding factors and reverse causality, while randomized controlled trials are challenging to conduct over the long-term. To overcome these limitations, this review will synthesize findings from Mendelian randomization studies, which use genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer causality between testosterone exposure and health outcomes. By focusing on Mendelian randomization methodology, the study seeks to provide insights into the long-term effects of testosterone on a wide range of health outcomes, including but not limited to cardiovascular health, cancer risk, metabolic conditions, and psychological disorders. Ultimately, this systematic review aims to provide a deeper understanding of the potential side effects of testosterone exposure, which may be relevant in the context of testosterone treatment or anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse.
Expert consensus on nasal anticholinergics in the treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Hong Hai-yu , Liao Zhen-peng , Yang Qin-tai , Sun Yue-qi , Chen Feng-hong , Liu Wen-long , Meng Juan , Xu Rui , Xu Yuan-teng , Yang Yan-li , Yang Yu-cheng , Li Shuo , Lou Hong-fei , Wang Hong-tian , Yu Rui-li , an Yun-fang , Liu Feng , Wang Tian-sheng , Lu Mei-ping , Qiu Qian-hui , Wang Xiang-dong , Chen Jian-jun , Meng Cui-da , Xie Zhi-hai , Zeng Ming , Xu Cheng-li , Wang Ying , Zhang Wei-tian , Tang Jun , Yu Guo-dong , Shi Zhao-hui , Wei Xin , Ye Hui-ping , Sun Ya-nan , Yu Shao-qing , Zhang Tian-hong , Yong Jun , Hang Wei , Xu Yu , Tan Guo-lin , Sun Na , Yang Gui , Li You-jin , Ye Jing , Zuo Ke-jun , Zhang Li-qiang , Wang Xue-yan , Yang An-ni , Xu Ying-xiang , Liao Wei , Fan Yun-ping , Li Hua-bin
Published: December 2024

Background:

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common hyperreactive nasal disease in otolaryngology, mainly manifested as rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, nasal itching, and sneezing. Despite medication and immunotherapy, a large proportion of patients do not completely eliminate rhinorrhea. In recent years, the use of nasal anticholinergics in the treatment of AR has gained attention. However, there is currently no consensus on the timing and selection of nasal anticholinergics for AR treatment.

We reviewed previous studies on nasal anticholinergic drugs in AR and summarized the pathogenesis of AR, the role of anticholinergic drugs, cholinergic neural pathways, the mechanisms of nasal anticholinergic drugs, common types and clinical efficacy of nasal anticholinergic drugs, and precautions for their use. We also provided some suggestions for their clinical application.

Key Messages:

At present, the main drugs of nasal anticholinergics are ipratropium bromide and phencyquine bromide. The cholinergic nervous system is the main neural pathway mediating nasal secretion. Anticholinergic drugs work by blocking the interaction between Ach and the high density of M receptors in the nasal cavity. The clinical effect of nasal anticholinergics is generally good, and there are almost no major or systemic adverse reactions. Nasal anticholinergics provide a more complete treatment for AR patients with poorly controlled rhinorrhea. In the future, nasal anticholinergics will be assessed in high-quality clinical trials and applied clinically.
Uncovering Hidden Patterns: Macrophage-like Cell Distribution Across Different Stages of Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Authors: Sun Gongpeng , Xu Amin , Yang Xueying , Zhang Lu , Wang Wenyu , Sawut Abdulla , Xu Weichen , Wang Xiaoling , Yi Zuohuizi , Zheng Hongmei , Chen Changzheng
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To investigate the distribution of macrophage-like cells (MLCs) across different stages of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).

Methods:

A total of 168 eyes from 168 subjects were included. MLCs were imaged by acquiring en face OCT images at depths of 5 to 10 µm on the inner limiting membrane, as well as using B-scan OCT. Participants were categorized into three groups according to the degree of PVD: Group A for stage 1a PVD, Group B for stages 1b and 2 PVD, and Group C for stages 3 and 4 PVD. Localized vitreoretinal relationships were categorized into vitreoretinal adhesions, type 1a PVD, where the vitreous and retina are not clearly separated, and type 1b PVD, where there is clear separation.

Results:

MLC density was sequentially lower in Groups A, B, and C. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that MLC density was correlated with both the PVD group and age (both P < 0.001). In Group A, MLC density was significantly higher in type 1a PVD than in the vitreoretinal adhesion area. In Group B, the distribution of MLCs in the vitreoretinal adhesion region was significantly less than in type 1a PVD and type 1b PVD. MLCs were more sparsely distributed in Group C.

Conclusions:

MLCs exhibit distinct distribution patterns in various stages of PVD.
Efficient Assessment of Progression in Clinical Trials in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Asaoka Ryo , Miyata Manabu , Oishi Akio , Fujino Yuri , Murata Hiroshi , Aoki Shuichiro , Azuma Keiko , Obata Ryo , Inoue Tatsuya
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To conduct a simulation study to evaluate the effect of disease stage, frequency, and clustering of visual field (VF) tests, and inclusion of one or both eyes on sample size calculation in clinical trials on retinitis pigmentosa.

Methods:

A series of VFs were simulated on the basis of test–retest VF data in the early, moderate, and advanced stages of retinitis pigmentosa. VF measurements were scheduled 8 times in approximately 2 years. The probability to detect significant difference between treatment and control groups was measured. The investigation was conducted for 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10% treatment effects.

Results:

When only one eye was used in each patient with a treatment effect of 50%, 80% probability of significance was observed in the moderate stage when sample size was 70 eyes in each arm (140 eyes in both arms). Early stage disease and inclusion of both eyes decreased this number to 30 eyes (60 eyes in both arms); these decreasing effects were larger than performing additional VFs at the beginning and end of the observation. A similar tendency was observed with 40%, 30%, 20% and 10% treatment effects.

Conclusions:

When planning a clinical trial, it is important to consider disease stage, in addition to VF schedule and inclusion of one or both eyes.
Beyond the Surface: Investigating Silicone Oil's Impact on Macular Perfusion in Macula-off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment via OCTA
Authors: Ozal Ece , Guler Muzaffer Said , Karapapak Murat , Baybora Hakan , Ermıs Serhat , Yılmaz Yusuf Cem , Hayat Serife Ciloglu , Ozal Sadık Altan
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to compare macular vessel density (VD) in eyes with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after vitrectomy with gas or silicone oil (SO) tamponade.

Methods:

Patients with macula-off RRD who underwent vitrectomy with either gas or SO tamponade were included. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and VD in superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP), choriocapillaris (CCP), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Comparisons were made with the unaffected fellow eye.

Results:

Fifty patients (average age: 57.9±9.1 years) participated, with 26 eyes undergoing SO tamponade and 24 gas tamponade. No significant differences were found in baseline characteristics. Postoperative BCVA significantly improved in both groups. In the SO group, BCVA improved from 2.00±0.77 logMAR (20/2000 Snellen) to 0.95±0.52 logMAR (20/178 Snellen). In the gas tamponade group, BCVA improved from 2.12±0.70 logMAR (20/2636 Snellen) to 0.70±0.55 logMAR (20/100 Snellen) (p<0.001 for both groups). Moreover, the gas tamponade group achieved significantly better postoperative BCVA compared to the silicone oil group (p<0.05). SO tamponade group exhibited significantly lower VD in SCP, DCP, and CCP quadrants (p<0.05), while gas tamponade showed no significant differences.

Conclusion:

This study reveals a decrease in VD in SCP, DCP, and CCP induced by SO tamponade, suggesting potential toxic effects on macular perfusion. Gas tamponade resulted in superior BCVA outcomes and preserved VD. Further investigation into SO's underlying mechanisms and careful patient selection is warranted. Gas tamponade may offer better outcomes for macula-off RRD.
Value of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in Differentiating Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation From Orbital Infectious Disease
Authors: Thomson Robert J. , Bohnak Carisa E. , Wladis Edward J.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are emerging biomarkers; they have not been widely utilized in orbital disease. This study investigated the role of these ratios in distinguishing orbital inflammation from infection.

Methods:

A retrospective review of medical records was conducted to identify adult patients who presented acutely to a single emergency department at an academic medical center and were diagnosed with serologically and biopsy-proven idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI, n = 9), orbital cellulitis (OC, n = 14), or necrotizing fasciitis (NF, n = 12). MLR and PLR were calculated from the first blood draw on presentation to the emergency department. Statistical analysis was performed via the Mann–Whitney test with a dedicated computerized software package (GraphPad Prism, La Jolla, CA) with p values <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results:

Mean PLRs were 194.90 (SD = 118.01), 304.21 (SD = 341.39), and 203.38 (SD = 196.32) for IOI, NF, and OC, respectively. Mean MLRs were 0.40 (SD = 0.24), 1.74 (SD = 2.41), and 0.75 (SD = 0.40) for IOI, NF, and OC, respectively. MLR was significantly lower in the IOI group compared to the NF group (p = 0.018) and OC group (p = 0.020). Differences in MLR between OC and NF groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.43).

Conclusion:

While MLR showed no significant difference between different infectious etiologies, it was significantly higher in infectious processes than in IOI, distinguishing inflammation from infection. MLR could be a valuable addition to the diagnostic toolkit for triaging patients in the emergency department and initiating prompt, focused therapy.
An Atypical Mpox Presentation With a Large, Chronic Right Upper Eyelid Ulcerative Mass
Authors: Steinberger Elise E. , Pierre Dakota St. , Do Thai , Khattab Mostafa , Moreau Annie
Published: December 2024

The global outbreak of Mpox has resurged, leading to a significant increase in cases across numerous countries. Mpox infections are associated with potential ophthalmologic complications, such as periorbital skin lesions, blepharoconjunctivitis, keratitis, and vision impairment. Here, we present a retrospective case report of an atypical Mpox in an HIV-positive patient with a persistent 5 × 5 cm ulcerated, round, plaque-like eyelid lesion refractory to multiple treatment regimens. Upon serologic Mpox identification, the patient was promptly started on antiviral therapy with the resolution of symptoms. This case demonstrates the importance of considering Mpox in the differential diagnosis of atypical periorbital lesions in HIV-positive patients. We also wish to highlight the potential bias toward focusing on opportunistic infections in those with HIV, which can delay diagnosis
A feasibility study of DNA ploidy analysis, HPV, and TCT for screening of cervical cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Bi Xin-Yi , Pan Zheng-Wu , Liu Shu-Lan , Chen Xiao-Ming , Li Jin , Bu Qing-Feng , Zuo Ming-Li , Wang Jia , Sun Wen-Ping , Zhang Yan , Liu Wei , Wang Fei , Li Chang-Zhong
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate the application of DNA ploidy analysis, human papillomavirus (HPV-DNA) test, and thin-prep cytologic test (TCT) for mass screening of cervical cancer (CC). A total of 13,830 patients who underwent both TCT and HPV-DNA tests from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected as study participants (10,107 patients from Shandong Provincial Hospital, 2447 patients from First People’s Hospital of Tancheng County, and 1276 patients from Liaocheng People’s Hospital). We also conducted a DNA ploidy analysis and compared the results. A biopsy was performed by colposcopy according to the screening results, and the diagnosis based on the results of the biopsy was regarded as “the golden standard.” The χ2 test was used for group comparison, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used for ordinal data, and the Kappa test was used for consistency analysis. Based on the retrospective analysis of the biopsy results, DNA ploidy analysis, and TCT combined with HPV-DNA test, the accuracy of predicting precancerous cervical lesion was 97.95%, the positive predictive value was 66.72%, and the negative predictive value was 97.30%. The comprehensive detection showed a similar outcome as that for histopathological examination. The study demonstrates that DNA ploidy analysis, when used in conjunction with the HPV-DNA test and TCT, significantly enhances the accuracy of CC screening. DNA ploidy analysis provides a reliable basis for the early detection and accurate prediction of precancerous cervical lesions, supporting its integration into routine CC screening protocols.
To explore the protective mechanism of promethazine against hippocampal neuron injury based on network pharmacology and experimental verification
Authors: Bai Li , Li Fang
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of promethazine (PMZ) on hippocampal neuronal injury through network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. Network pharmacology: The intersection genes of PMZ and Alzheimer Disease (AD) were obtained, and the core genes of PMZ in AD were screened. The intersection genes were enriched by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. In the in vitro experiment, mouse hippocampal neurons (HT22) were divided into control, glutamate (GLU) model, and GLU + PMZ treatment groups. The control group was given a complete culture medium, the model group was given GLU for 24 hours, the treatment group was given PMZ pretreatment for 3 hours, and then GLU was administered for 24 hours. Cell viability was determined, cell morphology was observed by microscopy, reactive oxygen species levels and glutathione content were detected, and protein expression of P53, PTGS2, SLC7A11, and GPX4 was detected by western blotting. Network pharmacology: A total of 317 PMZ targets, 1934 AD genes, 125 intersection genes, and 18 core genes, including P53 and PTGS2. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the effect of PMZ on AD was mainly related to cell proliferation, inflammation, hypoxia, synaptic structure, plasma membrane, and oxidoreductase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, cell senescence, cancer pathway, PI3K-AKT signal pathway, neurodegeneration, and HIF-1 signal pathway. In vitro experiments: PMZ improved the GLU-induced decrease in cell viability and morphological changes in hippocampal neurons. PMZ inhibited reactive oxygen species levels and increased glutathione content in injured hippocampal neurons. Up-regulated of P53, SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression, and inhibited expression of PTGS2. PMZ regulates the SLC7A11–GPX4 antioxidant system to protect hippocampal neurons from oxidative stress injury.
Identification of gene signatures relevant to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Min , Li Qiao , Meng Xiaohong , Cui Yanan , Sun Weirong , Wang Hongmei , Gao Qingjun
Published: December 2024

Despite significant advancements in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through immunotherapy, many patients still exhibit resistance to this approach. This study aims to identify the characteristics of individuals who can benefit from immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and to investigate optimal strategies for patients who experience resistance to it. Data on gene expression patterns and clinical information from NSCLC patients who underwent immunotherapy were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. A predictive signature for immunotherapy prognosis was developed using a training dataset and validated with validation datasets. Immune landscape and immunotherapy responsiveness analyses were conducted to assess the risk signature. Additionally, data from a study on immunotherapy were used to evaluate the correlation between MNX1 mutation and the effectiveness of ICIs, including clinical data and whole exome sequencing data. We identified 7 genes in NSCLC using RNA-seq data that were significantly associated with the efficacy of immunotherapy. Based on these genes, a risk signature was created to predict the efficacy of ICIs. Patients in the low-risk group had better outcomes compared to those in the high-risk group after receiving ICIs. Additionally, our analysis of the immune landscape revealed a significant association between the high-risk signature and an immunosuppressive state. We also discovered an unexpected role of tumor-specific MNX1 and HOXD1 in suppressing the immune response against cancer. Notably, NSCLC patients with MNX1 mutations experienced prolonged progression-free survival. Furthermore, we identified several medications that exhibited increased sensitivity in patients with high MNX1 expression, with topoisomerase inhibitors showing the highest level of sensitivity. This could be a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of ICIs. The risk signature has demonstrated its effectiveness in forecasting the prognosis of NSCLC treated with ICIs, enabling better patient stratification and more accurate prediction of immunotherapy response. Moreover, MNX1 and HOXD1 have been identified as key molecules related to immunotherapy resistance. Inhibition of these molecules, combined with current ICIs, offers novel strategies for the management of NSCLC patients.
Development of a forest healing program for individuals with musculoskeletal disease risk and verification of its preventive effects
Authors: Moon Hejin , Jung Sol , An Sang Joon , Ju Hyo Jin , Kim Yeong In , Kim Doo Young
Published: December 2024

Preventive treatment is crucial in averting the onset of musculoskeletal diseases, particularly among individuals in high-stress occupations. This study aimed to develop a forest healing program and a standardized survey index to gauge its efficacy in mitigating stress and preventing musculoskeletal disorders. Service-oriented workers who engage in repetitive tasks but are not traditional office workers at risk of musculoskeletal issues were recruited. The forest healing program was crafted through a review of existing initiatives and identification of factors alleviating muscle tension and stress. A comprehensive survey index encompassing stress, depression, anxiety, quality of life, and somatization was designed. Participants were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Somatization Scale (SOM), and the newly devised survey index before and after engaging in the developed forest healing program. Evaluation of 42 participants pre- and post-program revealed significant reductions in PSS (25.857 ± 8.120/17.905 ± 5.958; P < .001), SOM (27.905 ± 8.839/20.286 ± 8.019; P < .001), and standard survey index scores (33.857 ± 10.280/23.333 ± 8.703; P < .001). The developed forest healing program demonstrated substantial stress relief and muscle relaxation benefits, proving effective in preventing musculoskeletal diseases. Moreover, the standardized survey index emerged as a valuable tool for assessing stress related to such disorders, exhibiting correlations with PSS and SOM.
Effects of aromatherapy on sleep quality in older adults: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Kun , Wang Shouyan , Ji Quanyue , Ni Yan , Liu Tianyun
Published: December 2024

Background:

Aromatherapy has been proposed as a complementary therapy to enhance sleep quality and regulate mood. However, few studies have specifically examined the efficacy of aromatherapy in managing sleep disorders in older adults. Therefore, the present study aims to systematically review the impact of aromatherapy on sleep quality among older adults.

Methods:

It employed a meta-analysis design. A systematic and comprehensive search was conducted across 7 databases to identify randomized controlled trials examining the effects of aromatherapy on sleep quality in older adults. Two researchers independently assessed the quality of the literature. The study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis checklist.

Results:

Aromatherapy demonstrated effectiveness in improving sleep quality among older adults (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.38 to −0.66; P < .001). Subgroup analyses based on aroma types, intervention modalities, and treatment durations revealed enhanced efficacy with lavender as the sole aroma (SMD = −1.39; 95% CI = −2.06 to −0.72; P < .001), non-inhaled aromatherapy (SMD = −1.73; 95% CI = −2.26 to −1.2; P < .001), and aromatherapy administered for less than 4 weeks (SMD = −1.16; 95% CI = −1.68 to −0.64; P < .001). Notably, significant effects of aromatherapy on anxiety (SMD = −0.83; 95% CI = −1.24 to −0.42; P < .001) and depression (SMD = −0.85; 95% CI = −1.30 to −0.39; P < .001) in older adults were also observed.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that aromatherapy improves sleep quality in older adults, with single-use lavender, non-inhalation aromatherapy, lasting less than 4 weeks being particularly effective. Aromatherapy also alleviates depression, but its effects on anxiety require further evaluation.