bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal CO2 removal and regional citrate anticoagulation in an experimental model of hypercapnic acidosis
Authors: Morimont Philippe , Habran Simon , Desaive Thomas , Blaffart Francine , Lagny Marc , Amand Theophile , Dauby Pierre , Oury Cecile , Lancellotti Patrizio , Hego Alexandre , Defraigne Jean‐Olivier , Lambermont Bernard
Published: February 2019

Low flow extracorporeal veno‐venous CO2 removal (ECCO2R) therapy is used to remove CO2 while reducing ventilation intensity. However, the use of this technique is limited because efficiency of CO2 removal and potential beneficial effects on pulmonary hemodynamics are not precisely established. Moreover, this technique requires anticoagulation that may induce severe complications in critically ill patients. Therefore, our study aimed at determining precise efficiency of CO2 extraction and its effects on right ventricular (RV) afterload, and comparing regional anticoagulation with citrate to systemic heparin anticoagulation during ECCO2R. This study was performed in an experimental model of severe hypercapnic acidosis performed in two groups of three pigs. In the first group (heparin group), pigs were anticoagulated with a standard protocol of unfractionated heparin while citrate was used for ECCO2R device anticoagulation in the second group (citrate group). After sedation, analgesia and endotracheal intubation, pigs were connected to a volume‐cycled ventilator. Severe hypercapnic acidosis was obtained by reducing tidal volume by 60%. ECCO2R was started in both groups when arterial pH was lower than 7.2. Pump Assisted Lung Protection (PALP, Maquet, Rastatt, Germany) system was used to remove CO2. CO2 extraction, arterial pH, PaCO2 as well as systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic were continuously followed. Mean arterial pH was normalized to 7.37 ± 1.4 at an extracorporeal blood flow of 400 mL/min, coming from 7.11 ± 1.3. RV end‐systolic pressure increased by over 30% during acute hypercapnic acidosis and was normalized in parallel with CO2 removal. CO2 extraction was not significantly increased in citrate group as compared to heparin group. Mean ionized calcium and MAP were significantly lower in the citrate group than in the heparin group during ECCO2R (1.03 ± 0.20 vs. 1.33 ± 0.19 and 57 ± 14 vs. 68 ± 15 mm Hg, respectively). ECCO2R was highly efficient to normalize pH and PaCO2 and to reduce RV afterload resulting from hypercapnic acidosis. Regional anticoagulation with citrate solution was as effective as standard heparin anticoagulation but did not improve CO2 removal and lead to more hypocalcemia and hypotension.
Commentary on the EMA Reflection Paper on the use of extrapolation in the development of medicines for paediatrics
Authors: Ollivier Cécile , Thomson Andrew , Manolis Efthymios , Blake Kevin , Karlsson Kristin E. , Knibbe Catherijne A.J. , Pons Gérard , Hemmings Robert
Published: February 2019

Adopted guidelines reflect a harmonised European approach to a specific scientific issue and should reflect the most recent scientific knowledge. However, whilst EU regulations are mandatory for all member states and EU directives must be followed by national laws in line with the directive, EMA guidelines do not have legal force and alternative approaches may be taken, but these obviously require more justification. This new series of the BJCP, developed in collaboration with the EMA, aims to address this issue by providing an annotated version of some relevant EMA guidelines and regulatory documents by experts. Hopefully, this will help in promoting their diffusion and in opening a forum for discussion with our readers.
Targeting the phosphorylation site of myristoylated alanine‐rich C kinase substrate alleviates symptoms in a murine model of steroid‐resistant asthma
Authors: Wang Chien‐Neng , Lin Yu‐Chao , Chang Bo‐Chun , Chen Ching‐Hsien , Wu Reen , Lee Chen‐Chen
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose

Myristoylated alanine‐rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), a PKC substrate, facilitates mucus production and neutrophil migration. However, the effects of therapeutic procedures targeting the phosphorylation site of MARCKS on steroid‐resistant asthma and the mechanisms underlying such effects have not yet been investigated. We designed a peptide that targets the MARCKS phosphorylation site (MPS peptide) and assessed its therapeutic potential against steroid‐resistant asthma.

Experimental Approach

Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), alum, and challenged with aerosolized OVA five times a week for 1 month. The mice were intratracheally administered MPS peptides three times a week, 1 hr before OVA challenge. Asthma symptoms and cell profiles in the bronchoalveolar lavage were assessed, and key proteins were analysed using Western blotting.

Key Results

Phosphorylated (p)‐MARCKS was highly expressed in inflammatory and bronchial epithelial cells in OVA‐immunized mice. MPS peptide reduced eosinophils, neutrophils, mucus production, collagen deposition, and airway hyper‐responsiveness. Dexamethasone (Dexa) did not alleviate steroid‐resistant asthma symptoms. MPS peptide caused a decrease in p‐MARCKS, nitrotyrosine and the expression of oxidative stress enzymes, NADPH oxidase dual oxidase 1 and inducible NOS, in lung tissues. Compared to Dexa, MPS peptides inhibited C5a production and attenuated IL‐17A and KC production in the airway more effectively, thus suppressing asthma symptoms.

Conclusions and Implications

Our findings indicate that targeting MARCKS phosphorylation through MPS treatment may inhibit neutrophilic inflammation and relieve asthma symptoms, thereby highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for steroid‐resistant asthma.
The child with spina bifida in middle age
Authors: Woodhouse Christopher
Published: February 2019

This commentary is on the original article by Oakeshott et al. on pages 1202–1207 of this issue.
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products in the skin is accelerated in relation to insulin resistance in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Uruska A. , Gandecka A. , Araszkiewicz A. , Zozulinska‐Ziolkiewicz D.
Published: February 2019

Aim

To evaluate the association between skin advanced glycation end products and insulin resistance in Type 1 diabetes.

Methods

The study group consisted of 476 people with Type 1 diabetes (247 men) with a median (interquartile range) age of 42 (33–53) years, disease duration of 24 (19–32) years and HbA1c concentration of 63 (55–74) mmol/mol [7.9 (7.2–8.9)%]. Insulin resistance was assessed according to estimated glucose disposal rate. Advanced glycation product accumulation in the skin was measured by autofluorescence using an AGE Reader. The group was divided into three subgroups based on estimated glucose disposal rate tertiles (<5.5, 5.5–9.5 and >9.5 mg/kg/min, respectively). The higher the estimated glucose disposal rate, the lower the insulin resistance.

Results

Skin autofluoresence level decreased with increasing estimated glucose disposal rate; comparing people below the lower tertile, with those between the first and third tertiles, and with those above the third tertile, the median autofluoresences were, respectively: 2.5 (2.2–2.9) vs 2.3 (2.0–2.7) vs 2.1 (1.9–2.5) AU (P<0.0001). A negative correlation was observed between skin autofluorescence and estimated glucose disposal rate (Spearman's correlation coefficient=–0.31, P <0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed a significant, two‐way association of insulin resistance with skin autofluorescence.

Conclusion

The results of this study offer strong evidence for a two‐way relationship between insulin resistance and advanced glycation product accumulation in the skin in people with Type 1 diabetes.
Environmentally induced changes in the distribution of disease susceptibility phenotypes inPinus radiata
Authors: Reynolds Gregory J. , McRoberts Neil , Kirkpatrick Sharon C. , Gordon Thomas R.
Published: February 2019

Pinus radiata(Monterey pine) is highly susceptible toFusarium circinatum, the cause of pitch canker, but heritable variation in resistance to this disease has been documented inP. radiata. In this study, the distribution of susceptibility phenotypes (=lesion lengths) was assessed by inoculatingP. radiatatrees with a spore suspension ofF. circinatum. The results show the distribution of susceptibility phenotypes in naïve seedlings to be normally distributed, both in a breeding population and in a population established from seed collected in a native forest. This pattern aligns with expectations for a quantitatively inherited trait. However, after 2.5 years of growth in a forest, variation in susceptibility is no longer normally distributed but rather is positively skewed. Thus, exposure to the forest environment results in a distribution that is enriched for relatively resistant individuals. A similarly skewed distribution is observed in standing trees in a native population ofP. radiata. The observed change in distribution cannot be attributed to ontological effects on resistance to pitch canker, because tree age accounts for almost none of the variation in susceptibility. We hypothesize that the change in distribution of susceptibility phenotypes is due primarily to infections and infection attempts by the microbiota resident in the forest.
First record of microplastics ingestion by European hake MERLUCCIUS MERLUCCIUS from the Tyrrhenian Sicilian coast (Central Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Mancuso Monique , Savoca Serena , Bottari Teresa
Published: February 2019

A sample of 67 European hake Merluccius merluccius were examined to highlight the ingestion of microplastics in the Tyrrhenian Sea. In all samples, 31 black fibres were found in the stomach contents corresponding to 46.3% of the specimens. The data presented here could be important for the implementation of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive in Mediterranean waters.
Force‐generating capacity of the toe flexor muscles and dynamic function of the foot arch in upright standing
Authors: Yamauchi Junichiro , Koyama Keiji
Published: February 2019

The muscle and tendon complex of the foot helps to support the foot arch and generates the muscle force of the foot. The present study investigated the force‐generating capacity of the toe flexor muscles and the dynamic function of the foot arch when standing upright, and the relationships between these indices. The maximum toe flexor force and foot arch height in the sitting and standing positions were studied in the left and right feet of 224 healthy young individuals. To measure the maximum isometric force of the toe flexor muscles, the subjects exerted maximum force on a toe grip dynamometer. Measurements were repeated three times with at least a 1‐min rest period between bouts, and the maximum value among the measurements for each foot was used for further analysis. The absolute value of the toe flexor strength was normalised by body mass. The foot arch height was measured the distance between the tuberosity of the navicular bone and the floor, and normalised by height. The relative foot arch height difference between the sitting and standing positions was evaluated as the foot arch dynamics. The maximum isometric toe flexor strength was 42% higher in the standing position than in the sitting position. There was no relationship between the relative toe flexor strength and the relative foot arch height in either the sitting or standing positions; however, the relative increase in toe flexor strength from sitting to standing (the force amplification factor) was related to the foot arch dynamics, and the flexible foot arch showed a greater increase in the toe flexor strength from sitting to standing compared with the strength in the stiff foot arch. The results of this study suggest that the force‐generating capacity of the toe flexor muscles is augmented by bodyweight bearing in upright standing. Additionally, the force amplification mechanism is mechanically regulated by the dynamic function of the foot arch in conjunction with the stretching of the muscle–tendon complex of the foot.
Use of handheld ultrasound Doppler to prevent complications from intra‐arterial injection of dermal fillers: Clinical experience
Authors: Lee Georgia S. K.
Published: February 2019

A handheld 2 MHz ultrasound Doppler device determines the presence or absence of pulsatile arterial flow immediately beneath the selected site of entry for dermal filler injection. In combination with near infrared technology to map out superficial veins, mishaps from intravascular injections may be reduced. A total of 448 patients aged range between 21 and 74 years, with 168 out of total of 1019 treatment sites having both infrared and ultrasound Doppler assisted preinjection mapping were reviewed. The injection technique is described. Improved patient safety and reduced bruising from asthetic dermal filler injections are potential benefits.
Influence of itopride and domperidone on gastric tone and on the perception of gastric distention in healthy subjects
Authors: Van den Houte Karen , Carbone Florencia , Pauwels Ans , Vos Rita , Vanuytsel Tim , Tack Jan
Published: February 2019

Objective

Itopride, a prokinetic with dopamine D2‐antagonistic and cholinesterase inhibitor properties, is used for treating functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. However, the effects of itopride on sensitivity to gastric distention and impaired gastric accommodation, major pathophysiological mechanisms of FD, are unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of itopride on gastric distention and on gastric accommodation in healthy volunteers, compared to placebo and domperidone.

Methods

Fifteen healthy volunteers (6 male, mean age 28.3 ± 5.8) were studied after pretreatment for 2 days tid with placebo (P), itopride 50 mg (I50), itopride 100 mg (I100), or domperidone 10 mg (D10) in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind cross‐over design. A gastric barostat study was performed to assess gastric compliance, sensitivity to gastric distention, and gastric accommodation. Symptoms were evaluated by visual analogue scales and perception scores.

Results

I50, I100, and D10 did not influence gastric compliance and sensitivity compared to placebo. No significant differences in accommodation were observed after I100 compared to P. Preprandial intragastric volumes were similar with D10, I50, or placebo (respectively, 244 ± 21, 225 ± 23, and 261 ± 36 mL, NS). However, postprandial gastric volumes were lower after I50 compared to placebo (303 ± 34 vs. 448 ± 50 mL, P < 0.01). Gastric accommodation was significantly reduced after D10 (90 ± 26 mL) and I50 (78 ± 25 mL) compared to placebo (186 ± 37 mL, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01).

Conclusion

In healthy subjects, itopride and domperidone do not alter gastric compliance or sensitivity. I50 and D10 three times daily, but not I100, decrease meal‐related gastric accommodation.
An unusual case of Aβ2M amyloid deposition in bladder cancer in a non‐dialysis patient
Authors: Ishii Aya , Tei Yasuhide , Murakami Tomoyuki , Notohara Kenji
Published: February 2019

β2‐microglobulin‐related (Aβ2M) amyloidosis (dialysis‐associated amyloidosis) is a common complication in long‐term dialysis patients. An increased concentration of β2‐microgloblin (β2‐m) in the serum appears to be a prerequisite for Aβ2M amyloidosis, in turn causing Aβ2M amyloid deposition predominantly in the osteoarticular tissue. There are few reports, however, of Aβ2M amyloid deposition in non‐dialysis patients. We describe an atypical case of a non‐dialysis patient with Aβ2M amyloid deposition in bladder cancer. A Japanese man in his 80s with no history of dialysis was admitted for transurethral resection of bladder cancer. Histopathological analysis revealed a small amount of amyloid deposition in the small‐vessel wall of both the peripheral urothelial carcinoma and necrotic area. Amyloid typing by immunohistochemistry was strongly positive for anti‐β2‐m antibody, and β2‐m was most frequently detected in laser microdissection‐liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Although Aβ2M amyloidosis was expected, contrary to this, the patient's serum β2‐m was only 4 mg/L, although his urine β2‐m level was increased at 1340 mg/L. The unique findings observed in our patient may contribute to the elucidation of the novel pathogenesis of Aβ2M amyloid fibril formation that is distinct from conventional Aβ2M amyloidosis.
Artificial photosynthesis with metal and covalent organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs): challenges and prospects in fuel‐forming electrocatalysis
Authors: Heidary Nina , Harris Tomos G.A.A. , Ly Khoa H. , Kornienko Nikolay
Published: February 2019

Mimicking photosynthesis in generating chemical fuels from sunlight is a promising strategy to alleviate society's demand for fossil fuels. However, this approach involves a number of challenges that must be overcome before this concept can emerge as a viable solution to society's energy demand. Particularly in artificial photosynthesis, the catalytic chemistry that converts energy in the form of electricity into carbon‐based fuels and chemicals has yet to be developed. Here, we describe the foundational work and future prospects of an emerging and promising class of materials: metal‐ and covalent‐organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs). Within this context, these porous and tuneable framework materials have achieved initial success in converting abundant feedstocks (H2O and CO2) into chemicals and fuels. In this review, we first highlight key achievements in this direction. We then follow with a perspective on precisely how MOFs and COFs can perform in ways not possible with conventional molecular or heterogeneous catalysts. We conclude with a view on how spectroscopically probing MOF and COF catalysis can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms and material dynamics throughout the course of reaction.
Antioxidant and signaling functions of the plastoquinone pool in higher plants
Authors: Borisova‐Mubarakshina Maria M. , Vetoshkina Daria V. , Ivanov Boris N.
Published: February 2019

The review covers data representing the plastoquinone pool as the component integrated in plant antioxidant defense and plant signaling. The main goal of the review is to discuss the evidence describing the plastoquinone‐involved biochemical reactions, which are incorporated in maintaining the sustainability of higher plants to stress conditions. In this context, the analysis of the reactions of various redox forms of plastoquinone with oxygen species is presented. The review describes how these reactions can constitute both the antioxidant and signaling functions of the pool. Special attention is paid to the reaction of superoxide anion radicals with plastohydroquinone molecules, producing hydrogen peroxide as signal molecules. Attention is also given to the processes affecting the redox state of the plastoquinone pool because the redox state of the pool is of special importance for antioxidant defense and signaling.
A room with a view—for three kinds of humans
Authors: Gibbons Ann
Published: February 2019

Mysterious Denisovan people moved into Siberian cave 100,000 years earlier than thought.
Seas are rising faster than believed at many river deltas
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: February 2019

Tide gauges overlook compaction of shallow sediments.
Hydrogels muscle their way into new territory
Authors: Craig Stephen
Published: February 2019

A double-network gel is designed to increase in mass and strength after mechanical stress
Democracy's plight
Authors: Holt Rush
Published: February 2019

Scientists work with a deep sense that their quest for reliable knowledge leads somewhere—that following the evidence and excluding bias help to make sense of the world. It may be a slow process, and interactions in the scientific community are not without friction and false steps, yet scientists are devoted to the quest because they observe that it works. One can make sense of the world. Einstein famously said, “the eternal mystery of the world is its comprehensibility,” and scientists understand that evidence-based scientific thinking leads to this comprehension. Scientists could do a better job of sharing this powerful insight.
STEMI mimicker in a 26-year-old man
Authors: Lee Hong Seok , Pai Ramdas , Nazzal Sami , Mukherjee Ashis
Published: February 2019

We herein describe a case of acute myocarditis which may mimic myocardial infarction, since affected patients experience ‘typical’ chest pain, the ECG changes are identical to those observed in acute coronary syndromes, and serum markers are increased. This case emphasises the importance of performing appropriate cardiac MRI to help in the differential and definitive diagnosis as well as the extent of myocardial involvement. ST elevation myocardial infarction is rare in young adults and when it is encountered, it should raise the differential diagnosis of its mimickers.
Periadrenal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour: half a decade before cure
Authors: Abdul Ghani Rohana , Mohamed Shah Fatimah Zaherah , Hanafiah Mohammad , Abdul Aziz Mardiana
Published: February 2019

A 30-year-old ex-smoker with a background history of childhood asthma presented with worsening shortness of breath despite receiving high doses of oral corticosteroid for pemphigus vulgaris which was diagnosed 5 years earlier. A high-resolution CT examination of the thorax reported non-specific bronchiectatic changes and revealed an incidental suprarenal mass. A subsequent CT scan confirmed a large adrenal mass with areas of necrosis and calcification. Serum renin and aldosterone, urinary catecholamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were within normal limits. Surgical intervention was delayed due to difficulty in optimising preoperative respiratory functions. He finally underwent a midline laparotomy for removal of the tumour. Histopathological examinations revealed extrapulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour arising from the periadrenal soft-tissue, with presence of normal adrenal gland. He showed immediate improvements of his asthmatic symptoms and pemphigus vulgaris following the surgery. His oral steroid was rapidly reduced and he achieved complete remission 2 months later.
Reconciling social justice and ecosystem-based management in the wake of a successful predator reintroduction
Authors: Pinkerton Evelyn , Salomon Anne K. , Dragon Frank
Published: February 2019

The reintroduction of a previously extirpated predator can engender conflict when the reintroduced species depletes customary fisheries to which indigenous communities have constitutionally protected rights. In the case of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) recovery on the west coast of North America, not only is Canada’s Species at Risk Act in conflict with Indigenous rights, but it also illuminates gaps in the principles of ecosystem-based management (EBM), such as equity and social justice. Broadly, we ask in this paper how EBM might be advanced if Indigenous communities were viewed as components of ecosystems having rights to a sustainable future equal to other components. Specifically, we explore evidence of sea otter management among precontact Northwest Coast societies and a contemporary co-managed system proposed by the Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations that would combine research with refinement of traditional hunting practices. We show that barriers persist through lack of knowledge of past controlled hunts, ignorance of recent experiences of successful community-based clam management, distrust of Indigenous capacity to self-manage or co-manage a hunt, and divergent values among actors.
Qasab: Kutch Craftswomen’s Producer Co. Ltd.
Authors: Mittal Shweta , Gupta Vishal , Motiani Manoj
Published: February 2019

The ‘Qasab’ case is designed to teach students about the characteristics of social entrepreneurship and the impact it has on the society. It also describes how sustainable development and social innovation are interlinked. ‘Qasab’ was an organization whose main focus was to preserve the traditional art of the Kutch region. The case describes the genesis and the journey of ‘Qasab,’ how it preserved the traditional art forms, and the personality traits of Pankaj Shah (the social entrepreneur who started ‘Qasab’). The case talks about the problems faced by the artisans in the region, which led to the formation of this social venture. Also, it touches upon the HR challenges faced by a social entrepreneur. At the time this case was written, ‘Qasab’ had become a collective enterprise comprising 1,200 rural master craftswomen from 11 ethnic communities spread across 62 villages in the arid interiors of Kutch and has been formally structured and registered as a ‘Producer Company’ owned by traditional craftswomen.

‘Qasab’ included different communities such as — ‘Mutwa’, ‘Sodha Rajput’, ‘Jat-Daneta’, ‘Meghwal’, ‘Sindhi Memon’, ‘DhebariyaRabari’, ‘KacchiRabari’, ‘Ahir’, ‘Halepotra’, ‘Sumra,’‘Hingorja’ and ‘Pathan’ — that had distinct embroidery styles and emphasized maintaining these styles (since the embroideries were an integral part of their cultural identity) — to preserve their unique identities. ‘Qasab’ was known for its outstanding quality of authentic Kutch embroidery, appliqué and patchwork products, its hallmark being traditional motifs reflecting the cultural identity of each community in contemporary designs through items of premium quality. ‘Qasab’ had made artisans stakeholders in the organization and was able to preserve the distinct art of each community.

The case is based on the theme of social entrepreneurship and analyzes the process of the emergence of such enterprises, their importance and the factors that lead to their success and sustainability. Students can assess how these organizations are different from other types of organizations. The case should help students to find the parameters that show that social innovation and sustainable development are interlinked. The case can be used to study the business model of social innovation.
Lighting the Lean Spark in Silver Spark
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Deshpande Anand
Published: February 2019

Silver Spark Apparel Ltd. is a fully owned subsidiary of Raymonds Ltd. and produces some of the best-known apparel brands in India. The company owns and runs three apparel plants in Bengaluru. The head of the “SILVER SPARK” plant, Ashish Grover, feels that despite all the successes achieved in the past, the plant needs improvement.

The production lead times were longer than required and the factory seemed to lack a smooth production flow. At this time, he met Andy Dey, a LEAN specialist. Ashish invited Andy to his factory and asked him for his opinion on improving the process using LEAN tools and techniques. After listening to the quick assessment, Ashish engaged Andy as a LEAN consultant and requested a detailed assessment of each department. Based on the assessment, Ashish plans to implement the LEAN process in the production facility.
Representation of units in cyclotomic function fields
Authors: Nguyen Dong Quan Ngoc
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we prove a refinement of Hilbert’s Satz 90 for the [Formula: see text]-cyclotomic function fields, where [Formula: see text] is a monic prime in [Formula: see text]. Our result can be viewed as a function field analogue of Newman’s theorem which is a refinement of Hilbert’s Satz 90 for [Formula: see text].
Efficient and cost-effective method to synthesize highly purified Ti4AlN3 and Ti2AlN
Authors: Ud Din Muhammad Faraz , Yang Chenhui , Tang Yi , Tian Yapeng , Luo Yangyang , Wu Yutao , Que Wenxiu
Published: February 2019

Nitrides MAX have attracted ever-growing interest owing to its unique metallic and ceramic characteristics and properties. Here, we report on the synthesis of highly purified Ti2AlN and Ti4AlN3 powders from Ti, Al and TiN powders by a facile atmosphere sintering method. The obtained nitrides show highly pure phase and excellent layered structure. Except for the composition difference of raw materials, both the nitrides can be sintered and obtained by same sintering temperature and holding time, which thus makes less processing time and less usage of synthesis parameters as compared to previously synthesis methods. To our knowledge, present work is one of the few reports on synthesis of Ti4AlN3 and Ti2AlN using atmosphere sintering method. Furthermore, the lattice changes of the layered structure of Ti2Al[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) were studied by changing the composition of [Formula: see text] position from the synthesis of Ti2AlCN and Ti2AlC, and the optimal formulation and synthesis mechanism of Ti4AlN3 were also studied.
Magnetic Properties Study of the Nano-Alloy Fe1+xCo1−x by Monte-Carlo Simulations
Authors: El Housni I. , Labrim H. , El Mekkaoui N. , Idrissi S. , Khalladi R. , Mtougui S. , Ziti S. , Bahmad L.
Published: February 2019

Motivated by spintronic devices and their applications, we engineer a model to investigate the magnetic properties of the magnetic nano-alloy Fe[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]. Where [Formula: see text] is the fraction of iron atoms Fe substituted by the cobalt Co atoms, [Formula: see text] corresponds to 50% Fe atoms and 50% Co atoms, this compound is then called equiatomic FeCo. The purpose of this work is to apply the Monte-Carlo Simulations (MCS), under Metropolis algorithm to predict the magnetic properties of such system. In a first step, we propose a model describing this system including different exchange coupling interactions. Then, we establish and analyze the ground state phase diagrams, in different planes. For non-null temperature values, applied MCS under the Metropolis algorithm. The behavior of both the magnetizations and the susceptibilities are illustrated as a function of temperature. Also the effect of the different exchange coupling interactions is studied and discussed. The hysteresis loops are presented and analyzed for specific values of temperature, exchange coupling interactions and concentrations.
A Dynamic Cis-Regulation Pattern Underlying Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility
Authors: Choi Jiyeon , Brown Kevin M.
Published: February 2019

Efforts from the past decade in genomic analyses improved our understanding of genetic susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified approximately 40 genomic loci contributing to risk, a functional understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying all but a few of these loci is lacking. The work by Buckley and colleagues has comprehensively characterized an EOC locus on chromosome band 9p22.2, identifying cis-regulatory functional sequence variants underlying multiple independent GWAS signals at 9p22.2 both within enhancer elements, as well as within a nuclear scaffold/matrix attachment region. Their findings further provide evidence implicating the basonuclin 2 (BNC2) gene in EOC risk and broaden the understanding of ovarian cancer biology.

See related article by Buckley et al., p. 467
Maximum Glomerular Filtration Decline Rate is Associated with Mortality and Poor Renal Outcome in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Chen Hung-Chih , Lin Hsuan-Jen , Huang Chiu-Ching , Chang Chiz-Tzung , Chou Che-Yi
Published: February 2019

Background: Glomerular filtrate rate (GFR) decline is associated with increased risk of dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is unclear whether the maximum, the minimum, or the average of GFR decline rate is associated with the risk of mortality and the initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT). We investigated prognostic role of the maximum, the minimum, and the average of GFR decline rate in patients with CKD not yet on dialysis. Methods: Patients, enrolled in the CKD program of China Medical University Hospital between July 2004 and Aug 2013, with CKD stages 3–5 (estimated GFR [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) not yet on dialysis were analyzed. Primary outcome was a composite of mortality and RRT. The association between 3 readings of GFR decline rate and primary outcome was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: We analyzed 815 patients aged 75 (interquartile range [IQR] 65–82) years with a median follow-up of 5.2 years (IQR 3.9–6.9). The maximum of eGFR decline rate was associated with the primary outcome (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% CI 1.16–4.12, p = 0.015), independent of age, gender, diabetes, cerebrovascular accident, smoking, baseline eGFR, serum albumin, calcium, urine protein/creatinine ratio, usage of renin-angiotensin system blockade. The minimum and the average of eGFR decline rate were not associated with the primary outcome. Conclusions: The maximum of GFR decline rate was associated with mortality and poor renal outcome in CKD patients, independent of other contributive confounders.
Endogenous Erythropoietin and Hepatic Dysfunction in Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Matsuura Ryo , Doi Kent , Komaru Yohei , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Yoshida Teruhiko , Isegawa Takuya , Yoshimoto Kohei , Yamashita Tetsushi , Noiri Eisei , Nangaku Masaomi
Published: February 2019

Backgrounds/Objectives: Elevated erythropoietin (EPO) is observed in human acute kidney injury (AKI). Whether blood EPO level is associated with mortality or other organ dysfunction in critically ill patients is unknown. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study of 162 AKI patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) was conducted in our intensive care unit (ICU) during October 2013 through October 2016. We evaluated the relation with plasma EPO at RRT initiation and 90-day mortality, hemoglobin, urine output, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score until day 7 or discharge from the ICU. Results: The analysis revealed that EPO was significantly associated with 90-day mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.13 (95% CI 1.11–5.78). Hemoglobin levels, RRT dependence, and daily urine output on days 1 through 7 did not differ between the high EPO group (≥56.2 mIU/mL) and low EPO groups (< 56.2 mIU/mL). As for organ dysfunction, hyperbilirubinemia patients (≥2.0 mg/dL; hepatic SOFA ≥2) were more frequent in the high EPO group (62.1 vs. 37.9%; p < 0.05), while other SOFA scores did not differ between both groups. Exacerbation of hepatic dysfunction was observed more frequently in the high EPO than the low EPO group (49.3 vs. 27.2%; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Elevated EPO was not associated with anemia or RRT dependence. However, higher rates of mortality and hepatic dysfunction were observed in high EPO patients than in low EPO patients.
Consumos de drogas sintéticas y discursos cerebrales en la movida electrónica de Buenos Aires
Authors: Ezequiel Sustas Sebastián
Published: February 2019

(analytical): This article aims to analyze the different ways in which young people attending electronic music events in Buenos Aires use discourses and terminologies related to neuroscience to account for their recreational consumption of synthetic drugs, their forms of sociability and the various approaches they use to understand themselves. Interviews were conducted with an informant and a discussion group was organised with a group of young people who attend electronic music events. The author suggests that the narratives of these young people refer to a somatic cerebral individuality as a form of grammar that makes their processes subjectivization intelligible. However, these references occur in the form of mutations, where different biomedical sources coexist ranging from psychology to the neurosciences.
Relaciones intergeneracionales, emancipación e independencia de jóvenes estudiantes chilenos
Authors: Krauskopf-Roger dina ,   Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile
Published: February 2019

(analytical): This analytical paper highlights the contemporary transformations in
intergenerational relationships, emancipation and independence of Chilean youth who are in their last year of secondary education or the final year of higher education. The methodology involved holding conversation groups in different regions in the country. Relationships with adults tend to be co-figurative and are seen as counter-reference point. Their view of the adult generation is more analytical and, at the same time, in the process of transformation. Unpredictability and uncertainty lead to processes of emancipation and independence that can be reversible and asynchronous. The current moment in history, social polarization and being either a secondary or higher education student are factors that create major differences in the perspectives of how these young people believe their lives will develop.
Participación y autonomía progresiva del adolescente. Democratización escolar en Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Laura Ochoa María
Published: February 2019

(descriptivo): la consideración del adolescente como sujeto de derecho, que goza de
una ciudadanía plena, y con un ejercicio progresivo de su autonomía, es el eje de esta investigación. ¿Ha podido la escuela adaptar sus reglas y prácticas a estos principios convencionales? A partir del relevamiento de los acuerdos de convivencia de las escuelas secundarias de la Región Metropolitana Norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires, y de entrevistas y encuestas a miembros de la comunidad educativa, el estudio describe esa brecha. La participación adolescente en el diseño de las pautas de su vida escolar y los modos en los que se gestiona su intervención, no alcanzan aún los estándares
previstos en la Convención de los Derechos del Niño para una ciudadanía plena en la infancia.
Procesos determinantes del acceso a odontología en niños y niñas durante primera infancia
Authors: Gallego-GóMez Clara Liliana , Franco-Cortés Ángela María ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
Published: February 2019

(Analítico): el propósito del estudio fue comprender los procesos estructurales,
particulares y singulares que determinan el acceso a la atención odontológica durante la primera infancia a partir del enfoque de la determinación social de la salud. Se utilizó un método mixto desde lo cualitativo de orientación etnográfica y cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo. Incluyó observación no participante, entrevistas grupales e individuales y encuestas. Se encontró que el acceso está determinado por procesos generales como inequidad social, fallas estructurales del sistema y procesos particulares como los patrones de trabajo y consumo de las familias, el sistema de creencias de madres y profesionales, y políticas institucionales. Para mejorar el acceso es necesario realizar
procesos tendientes a la transformación de la sociedad, del sistema de salud y de las instituciones, profesionales y cuidadores.
Miradas docentes sobre los jóvenes y las jóvenes como «otros indeseables» en secundarias universitarias en La Plata
Authors: Di Piero Emilia
Published: February 2019

(analítico): en este artículo, en el que presentamos conclusiones de una investigación doctoral, nos enfocamos en las miradas de docentes de secundarias universitarias en La Plata (Argentina) acerca de los jóvenes y las jóvenes que las transitan. Se trata de escuelas prestigiosas que modificaron su admisión desde el examen eliminatorio hacia el sorteo durante el retorno de la democracia a Argentina en la década de los ochenta. El enfoque metodológico partió de un estudio de caso múltiple: entre 2012 y 2016 realizamos observaciones, entrevistamos a 13 actores claves y a 67 docentes, analizamos actas del momento de modificación de la admisión e información sociodemográfica de ingresantes. Concluimos que la retórica nostálgica de la educación pasada es atravesada por la añoranza de los «jóvenes de ayer»: en las miradas de los docentes, la «decadencia educativa» se imbrica con el desencanto frente a la juventud actual.
Resenha de 'A sociologia urbana de Robert E. Park', de Licia do Prado Valladares (Org.)
Authors: Matiolli Thiago Oliveira Lima
Published: February 2019

Resenha de Valladares, Licia do Prado (Org.). A sociologia urbana de Robert E. Park. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da UFRJ, 2018, 154 p.
O espectro criminal: entre sombras e imagens - Entrevista com Jean Comaroff e John Comaroff
Authors: Roca Andrea
Published: February 2019

Uma entrevista com Jean Comaroff e John Comaroff, realizada por Andrea Roca
Cidadãos Transitórios: práticas de habitação contenciosa na África do Sul contemporânea
Authors: Chance Kerry Ryan , Gomes Letícia Simões
Published: February 2019

O artigo examina práticas informais de moradia que pobres urbanos mobilizam para construir, transformar e acessar a cidadania na África do Sul contemporânea. Após a eleição de Nelson Mandela, em 1994, a provisão de habitações formais para pobres urbanos se tornou uma medida essencial para a inclusão política “não-racial” e a dessegregação de cidades sob apartheid. Contudo, assentamentos urbanos — comemorados nas histórias de libertação como campos de batalha contra o apartheid — foram reclassificados como “favelas” (slums), zonas assinaladas para remoção ou desenvolvimento. Reintegrações de posse desses assentamentos para campos emergenciais do governo têm sido justificadas dentro da lógica liberal de expansão dos direitos à moradia, ligados à cidadania. Meu argumento é que as práticas informais de moradia evidenciam métodos de gestão de populações “faveladas”, bem como a emergência de políticas do viver (living politics) em cidades sul-africanas.
Caminho para Além da Imaginação
Authors: Dias Jr. José Augusto
Published: February 2019

Este artigo visa apresentar e comentar a trajetória de Rod Serling como autor de peças de teledramaturgia encenadas ao vivo na década de 1950, reconstituindo o contexto histórico em que tal meio de expressão se desenvolveu, alguns de seus principais autores e realizações, as motivações artísticas e políticas de Serling, seu estilo em termos narratológicos e os problemas e limitações que ele então encontrou e que determinaram sua mudança para outra esfera do fazer televisivo – a do seriado Além da imaginação, do qual foi criador, autor, apresentador e produtor executivo, a partir de 1959.
Documentário, história e memória
Authors: Tomaim Cássio dos Santos
Published: February 2019

o objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer algumas premissas para o entendimento do documentário e sua relação com a História e a memória, elegendo o documentário histórico como objeto de análise, por esse apresentar aproximações com o discurso histórico. Ter o documentário como lugar e mídia “de memória” nos leva a problematizá-lo como objeto de instrumentalizações (ou articulações) de memórias e identidades destinadas a colocar em prática um discurso sobre o passado, convincente e comovente.
A antiga Piscina do Duce no antigo Edifício das Termas (atual Edifício CONI) no Foro Itálico, em Roma:
Authors: Mendonça Lisandra Franco de
Published: February 2019

O antigo Palazzo delle Terme é composto por duas alas distintas unidas por um volume suspenso onde se encontra uma piscina coberta, a chamada Piscina Pensile. A piscina está sujeita a condições ambientais artificiais extremas: os valores da humidade relativa no compartimento estão diretamente relacionados com a temperatura da água, o aquecimento do ar e a falta de mecanismos apropriados de ventilação. Essas características dão origem a fenómenos de condensação nas superfícies expostas e à formação de bolor. A condensação contém vestígios de cloro e por isso é particularmente corrosiva e capaz de minar a resistência da estrutura, bem como as instalações técnicas necessárias ao tratamento do ar e da água. Esta pesquisa desenrolou-se em diversos arquivos em Roma, onde foi possível consultar o projeto de arquitetura, descrições técnicas da obra e levantamentos fotográficos. Simultaneamente foi feito o levantamento arquitetônico e, sucessivamente, de patologias na construção. A pesquisa permitiu a discussão de temas pertinentes ao restauro de um edifício moderno classificado em funcionamento e com uma grande carga de instalações técnicas e gastos energéticos
The threatened Dioscorea galiiflora and the identification of Dioscorea triangularis (Dioscoreaceae): Solving a secular imbroglio
Authors: FRAGA FERNANDA RIBEIRO DE MELLO , COUTO RICARDO SOUSA , BRAGA JOÃO MARCELO ALVARENGA
Published: February 2019

Based on reproductive characters, two taxa are segregated from D. triangularis (Griseb.) R. Knuth: D. piperifolia var. triangularis and D. galiiflora, the latter previously known only by its type collection. Dioscorea galiiflora is here described, new occurrences are reported and its conservation status is assessed. We also provide nomenclatural notes and circumscribe D. piperifolia var. triangularis, D. galiiflora and D. moyobambensis.
First Record of Dericorys albidula Serville, 1838 (Orthoptera: Dericorythidae) in Tunisia and Libya
Authors: TLILI HAITHEM , ABDELLAOUI KHEMAIS , CHOUIKHA MANEL BEN , MHAFDHI MOUNA , JEMMAZI ADEL , AMMAR MOHAMED , DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS LAURE
Published: February 2019

The humpbacked grasshopper Dericorys albidula (Serville, 1838) (Orthoptera: Dericorythidae: Dericorythinae) is reported here for the first time from Southern Tunisia (Tozeur province) and northwestern Libya. Details on the ecological occurrence of D. albidula are given and compared to available data from Central Asia. A lectotype is designated for D. albidula and its type locality identified as the Sinaï desert in Egypt.
A new name for Maiestas viraktamathi Fletcher and Dai, preoccupied by Maiestas viraktamathi Zahniser, McKamey and Dmitriev
Authors: FLETCHER MURRAY J. , DAI WU
Published: February 2019

Fletcher and Dai (2018) described two new species of Maiestas Distant from Australia, one of which was named Maiestas viraktamathi. Unfortunately, this name has already been applied to a species by Zahniser et al. (2012).
Emendation of incorrect original spellings of two aphid species names recently established (Hemiptera, Aphididae)
Authors: STEKOLSHCHIKOV ANDREY V. , BUGA SERGEY V.
Published: February 2019

The names of the species established by Stekolshchikov and Buga in Zootaxa, volume 4527, number 4, Aphis khrulevi and Dysaphis karyakini, are incorrect original spellings according to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. In accordance with the Code, they are amended to Aphis khrulevae Stekolshchikov and Buga, 2018 and Dysaphis koryakini Stekolshchikov and Buga, 2018, respectively.
Variations in Surface Albedo Arising from Flooding and Desiccation Cycles on the Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah
Authors: Craft Kevin M. , Horel John D.
Published: February 2019

Desert playas, such as those in northern Utah, form a landscape often in stark contrast to surrounding mountain ranges due to their minimal topographic relief, lack of vegetation, and saline soils. Dry highly reflective halite surfaces, which make up many of the desert playas in northern Utah, are generally characterized by a surface albedo over 40%. However, their albedo can be reduced abruptly to less than 20% by flooding due to rainfall, runoff from surrounding higher terrain, or surface winds transporting shallow water across the playas. A weather station installed during September 2016 to study the Bonneville Salt Flats (BSF) in northern Utah provides estimates of surface albedo that can be related to cycles of flooding and desiccation of the halite surface. The normalized difference water index (NDWI) derived from the MODIS MOD09A1 land surface reflectance product estimates the fractional coverage of surface water over the BSF. NDWI values computed over 8-day periods from 2000 to 2018 highlight year-to-year and seasonal variations in playa flooding events over the BSF. Periods of playa flooding were observed with both ground-based observations and NDWI with sharp reductions in albedo when the surface is flooded.