bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of peritubal infiltration and single level T10 paravertebral block in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
Authors: Shankar K. , Rangalakshmi Srinivasan , Priyanka D. , Kailash P. , Deepak Vijaykumar Kadlimatti
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims:

In percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), distension of renal capsule, pelvicalyceal system and nephrostomy tube causes intense postoperative pain. The present study was done to compare the efficacy of peritubal infiltration of Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine and ultrasound guided single level T10 paravertebral block for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing PCNL.

Material and Methods:

A prospective, double blind study was conducted on 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II patients of either gender between 18-65 years undergoing PCNL who were randomized into 3 groups. Group PV [n = 20] received paravertebral block at T 10 level with 20 ml of 0.25% Ropivacaine plus 0.25 mcg/kg Dexmedetomidine. Group PT [n = 20] received peritubal infiltration along nephrostomy tube with 20 ml of 0.25% Ropivacaine plus 0.25 mcg/kg Dexmedetomidine. Group C [n = 20] control group received intravenous Tramadol 1mg/kg. Postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption and side effects if any were recorded for 24 hrs. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA test, Chi-square test. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Demographic data were comparable. Reduced dynamic VAS score was noted for first 8hrs in peritubal infiltration compared to paravertebral group. Dynamic VAS scores were significantly lower in paravertebral group at 8th, 12th and 24th hr as compared to peritubal infiltration (P < 0.05). During all time intervals peritubal infiltration and paravertebral group had significantly lower VAS scores as compared to control group. Opioid requirement was more in control group compared to study groups.

Conclusion:

In PCNL, peritubal infiltration and single level paravertebral block produces effective postoperative analgesia without significant side effects.
A randomized clinical trial comparing the King Vision (channeled blade) and the CMAC (D blade) videolaryngoscopes in patients with cervical spine immobilization
Authors: Chandy Jacob , Pillai Rahul , Mathew Amit , Philip Amitav V. , George Sajan P. , Sahajanandan Raj
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims:

Cervical spine immobilization renders direct laryngoscopy difficult. The CMAC D blade and the channeled blade of the King Vision videolaryngoscopes, have both been used for difficult airway management. Our hypothesis is that the channeled blade of the King Vision would be superior to the CMAC D blade in terms of ease of intubation. We tested this hypothesis in a randomized comparison of the two videolaryngoscopes in patients with simulated cervical spine immobilization.

Material and Methods:

Hundred patients with no anticipated airway difficulty were randomly allocated to two groups after obtaining informed written consent. Following induction, manual inline stabilization (MILS) was applied to simulate a cervical spine injury and immobilzation. Patients were intubated with either of the two videolaryngoscopes. Time for visualization of the glottis, procedural time, intubation difficulty scale (IDS), and hemodynamic response were recorded.

Results:

The time to visualize the glottis was shorter in the CMAC D group as compared to the King Vision group (P < 0.001). The incidence of external laryngeal manipulation was less in the King Vision group (P < 0.001). The ease of intubation was superior in the King Vision group, based on the IDS (P < 0.001). The haemodynamic response was similar between the groups.

Conclusion:

King Vision channeled videolaryngoscope was difficult to introduce into the mouth of the patient during laryngoscopy. Once introduced into the mouth, the time for intubation was less and less external laryngeal manipulation maneuvers were performed to achieve successful intubation. The ease of endotracheal intubation was superior for the King Vision videolaryngoscope. The King Vision videolaryngoscope with proper tranining, could be a safe and portable alternative in patients with cervical spine immobilization.
Palatal rugoscopy as an adjunct for sex determination in forensic odontology (Sri Ganganagar population)
Authors: Gupta Vineet , Kaur Amanpreet
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Palatorugoscopy is the term used to study the rugae patterns. The word rugae came from the Greek word seam. Moreover, it relates the crisscrossing or joining or stitching of the parts of two biological structures during fetal differentiation. The aim of this study is to determine the gender difference in rugae pattern with regard to length, number, shape, unification and direction in the population of Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan.

Objective:

The objective is to determine the gender difference in rugae pattern with regard to length, number, shape, unification and direction; to investigate the difference in division of rugae in males and females and to compare rugae pattern in males and females of different age group.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 100 subjects, in which 50 were males (Group A) and other 50 were females (Group B). After the formation of primary cast, all quantitative as well as qualitative characteristics of palatal rugae patterns were recorded. Mainly, two classifications were used in this study, Thomas et al. and Kapali et al.

Statistical Analysis:

Student t-test was used, and “P” value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A statistically significant value was found in left-sided palatal rugae patterns depending upon the size, where we found that primary rugae were more in males. On comparing the angulation of palatal rugae patterns of left-sided rugae, a statistically significant value was found among the negative angulation which was higher in male subjects. Next, while comparing the angulation of palatal rugae of right side, we found a statistically significant value among zero (perpendicular rugae), which was more in male population. On comparing the unification of right-sided rugae patterns, we found that divergent rugae were more in male subjects.

Conclusion:

Palatal rugae patterns act as individualistic, and are unique patterns, and are helpful in determining the human gender. Further, more studies are required on palatal rugae patterns used in forensics on large population scale.
Expression of human chorionic gonadotropin-β in tissue specimens, saliva and urine of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Sireesha D , Reginald Bernard Ajay , Reddy Basireddy Siva , Samatha Meda
Published: January 2022

Background:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains as one of the leading causes of death in many of the developing countries including India. Early detection helps in improving the prognosis and survival rates. Over the years, tumor markers continue to play an important role in diagnosing and monitoring cancer progression. The ectopic production human chorionic gonadotropin-β (hCG-β) is one such marker that is seen in various nontrophoblastic cancers and serves as a marker for tumor prognosis. Few immunohistochemical studies have shown the presence of hCG-β in oral cancers too. The present study investigated the immunohistochemical expression, levels of hCG-β in saliva and urine of various grades of OSCC patients and correlated it with their histopathological grading.

Materials and Methods:

Tissue sections of 50 histologically confirmed OSCC were subjected to immunohistochemical staining by using hCG-β antibody (well differentiated – 21, moderately differentiated – 21 and poorly differentiated – 8). The levels of hCG-β in saliva and urine were estimated in these individuals, by using Beckman Coulter Access 2 automated immunoassay system and comparisons drawn.

Results:

hCG-β immunopositivity was seen in 8 (38%) of 21 well-differentiated, 11 (52%) of 21 moderately differentiated and 6 (75%) of 8 poorly differentiated OSCC specimens. The levels of hCG-β in both saliva and urine were increased in poorly differentiated (0.40 and 1.19 mIU/ml) than moderately (0.3 and 0.76 mIU/ml) and well-differentiated (0.36 and 0.48 mIU/ml) OSCC patients.

Conclusion:

Immunohistochemical expression, salivary and urine levels of hCG-β could serve as an independent prognostic indicator in OSCC patients.
The Role of Salivary Lactate Levels in assessing the Severity of Septic Shock
Authors: Shruthi D K , Channabasappa Shivakumar M , Mithun K M , Suresh B S , Tegginamani Anand S , Smitha T
Published: January 2022

Background:

Sepsis is a major worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Hence, rapid and reliable diagnosis is essential. Emergency departments use a standard measure of sepsis, based upon an elevated Lactate level in blood. Saliva is more readily available and easier to obtain than blood samples, and is increasingly being studied as a new source of diagnostic information.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate whether analysis of Lactate levels in saliva can substitute for that of Lactate levels in blood.

Methods/Materials:

We processed saliva samples and serum samples from septic shock and non-septic shock patients. We found out Lactate levels in both the group. We plotted the concentration of Lactate in non-septic and septic patients and compared lactate levels in saliva to its levels in blood.

Statistical analysis: Results were statistically analyzed by independent sample t test and A Spearman rho correlation

Results:

We found increased serum and salivary Lactate levels in all cases of sepsis compared to the control group. Notably, the increase in Lactate levels was higher in serum as compared to saliva in septic patients, suggesting saliva may not serve as a better indicator of sepsis compared to blood. Salivary lactate was more in septic shock patients compared to non-septic shock patients.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare lactic acid levels in serum and saliva in cases of sepsis. The increase in serum lactate in patients with sepsis is evident when compared to increase in salivary lactate, so serum lactate level would be easier for physicians to differentiate septic patients from non-septic patients. Salivary lactate may not serve as better indicator in septic shock patients.
Tooth decalcification using different decalcifying agents – A comparative study
Authors: Khangura Amberpreet Kaur , Gupta Shally , Gulati Anubha , Singh Simranjit
Published: January 2022

Background:

In microscopic assessment of mineralized tissue, decalcification is an important step during tissue processing. The present study was attempted to compare the efficacy of various decalcifying agents and to evaluate the most efficacious decalcifying agent.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim was to study and compare the time taken for complete decalcification of the specimen by six different chemical agents; to study and compare the effect of various decalcifying agents on cellular and nuclear changes of hard and soft tissues; to study and compare the effect of various decalcifying agents used on the staining intensity with Ehrlich's Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and to determine the ideal decalcification technique.

Materials and Methods:

The six decalcifying agents, namely 5% nitric acid, 8% formic acid, formalin-nitric acid, 5% trichloroacetic acid, neutral ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Perenyi's fluid were used to decalcify 30 human permanent teeth (5 teeth in each solution). The endpoint of decalcification was evaluated by chemical (calcium oxalate test) as well as radiographic methods. The specimens were then subjected to processing, sectioning and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The stained sections were observed under a light microscope and grading was done.

Results:

The results in the present study confirmed the fact that the time required for complete decalcification process was least in Perenyi's fluid, 5% trichloroacetic acid and highest in 14% EDTA. Teeth decalcified in 5% trichloroacetic acid, 8% formic acid, formalin-nitric acid and 5% nitric acid were easy to section. Sectioning was most difficult for teeth decalcified in Perenyi's fluid and 14% EDTA. The overall structure details as well as staining characteristics were best in teeth decalcified by 5% trichloroacetic acid and neutral EDTA and worst in teeth decalcified by Perenyi's fluid.

Conclusion:

Five percent trichloroacetic acid was showing the most efficient result as it balances both tissue integrity and time factor suggesting that it can be used as a stable decalcifying agent for routine histopathological diagnosis.
Oral amyloidosis
Authors: Indu Sudip , Roy Indranil Deb , Tewari Rohit , Pramanik Suman
Published: January 2022

Background:

Amyloidosis is a distressing and infrequent condition caused by accumulation of abnormally folded proteins as aggregates in the extracellular tissue spaces of the body, leading to destruction of organ structure and function. Presentation of Oral Amyloidosis is generally a rare phenomenon, tongue being the most common site to manifest the disease process. Accurate recognition of the amyloid protein and its sub typing is absolutely critical for clinical management and to assess prognosis such as to avoid misdiagnosis and unwanted, potentially harmful treatment.

Case Report:

We report a case of 84 year old male patient with an enlarged tongue, who presented with burning sensation and a facial violaceous papules with no other known systemic findings. Incisional biopsy revealed amorphous deposits confirmed for amyloid by congo red stain and Immunohistochemistry.

Conclusion:

The suspicion of Amyloidosis should always be kept in mind whenever a solitary enlargement of the tongue is noticed. Close follow-up and an entire panel of investigations is mandatory, both to manage recurrences and to monitor the possible advancement of the disease into a full blown systemic form.
Demographic study of 366 cases of oral leukoplakia and immunohistochemical analysis – An institutional study
Authors: Ahire Manisha Sardar , D′Souza Zaneta Ivy , Chettiankandy Tabita Joy , Nagar Saurabh R. , Sinha Anuradha , Tupkari Jagdish V.
Published: January 2022

Background:

It has been reported that oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with the presence of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) in 15%–48% of cases. Among PMDs, oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common, with 16%–62% of cases associated with OSCC. Hence, in the present study, we have analyzed demographic data and re-evaluated immunohistochemical (IHC) data of OL cases and aimed to correlate the clinical, histopathological and IHC aspects of OL.

Materials and Methods:

The data of histopathologically diagnosed cases of OL were retrieved from the archives. These data were further evaluated for age, gender, duration, site, size, side, habits, clinical staging and histopathological grading. IHC re-evaluation of OL tissues was done using epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), n = 20; human MutL homolog 1 (hMLH1), n = 30; CD1a (n = 30); vimentin (n = 30); Ki-67 (n = 30); heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), n = 30; p16INK4, n = 20; and mucin-1 (MUC1), n = 30. All the results and observations were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis.

Results:

The male: female ratio was 7.5:1; right side and buccal mucosa were more commonly affected. The duration of the lesion ranged from 1 to 30 years. One hundred and twelve patients were habituated to tobacco chewing, while 171 patients came with a combined habit of smoke and smokeless tobacco usage. Clinically, most of the lesions were of stage 2 while histopathologically they were of mild dysplasia. There was a decrease in the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, hMLH1 and CD1a, while there was an increase in the immunoexpression of vimentin, Ki-67, HSP-70, MUC1 and p16INK4.

Conclusion:

The study of different biomarkers such as cytoplasmic, membranous and nuclear in OL will help in better understanding and application of a reliable marker for diagnostic and prognostic purpose.
“Neuroectodermal influence of CD 99 immunoexpression correlates with the clinical behavior of odontogenic cysts and tumors”
Authors: Mishra Harshi , Gulati Nikita , Jain Anshi , Juneja Saurabh , Shetty Devi Charan
Published: January 2022

Background:

Odontogenic tumors show a variety of characteristic features that are dependent on the tumor cell origin and the stage of tumor cell differentiation. Odontogenic cysts arise from the enamel organ or remnants of dental epithelium which influences their pathogenetic model and further clinical behavior of these lesions.

Aim:

The study aims at assessment of CD 99 immunoexpression in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and ameloblastoma (in tooth bearing [anterior to third molar] and nontooth bearing areas [molar ramus area]) to postulate neural influence in their pathogenesis and the clinical behavior.

Materials and Methods:

Immunohistochemical analysis for CD 99 was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections on 50 histopathologically confirmed cases of OKC and ameloblastoma (25 each) arising within the oral cavity and were scored qualitatively, topographically, and according to cellular localization.

Statistical Analysis:

The resulting data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 20.0. The significance of the parameters was tested by the Pearson's Chi-square test (P ≤ 0.05 as statistically significant).

Results:

CD99 immunoreactivity was distributed in both tooth bearing and nontooth bearing groups of OKC and ameloblastoma with an increased immunoexpression in basal and suprabasal layers of OKC in nontooth bearing area and in peripheral cells of ameloblastoma in nontooth bearing area confined to the cell membrane.

Conclusions:

The results point toward the role of CD99 in the pathogenesis and aggressive behavior of such odontogenic lesions and it can be used as a promising therapeutic target.
Tooth eruption clock
Authors: Prabhakar Manoj , Sivapathasundharam B
Published: January 2022

Chronology of tooth eruption is the most preliminary and crucial topic which is covered in the undergraduate syllabus of the dental curriculum. Eruption of permanent and primary teeth follows a particular time sequence. Both maxillary and mandibular arch has similar number of teeth, beginning from central incisors to molars. The pattern of eruption differs slightly between maxillary and mandibular arch. Remembering the years or months in a numerical manner is the usual way by which a student learns the eruption chronology. Eruption clock is a specially designed learning aid, which makes this teaching–learning process a lot easier, effective and practical.
A case of multiple rootless teeth
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sivakumar , Balasubramaniam Nandakumar , Ramamoorthi Raghini , Vedachalam Rajarajeswari
Published: January 2022

Dentin dysplasia is a rare, hereditary disorder affecting the dental hard tissue. It is a congenital, autosomal dominant disease of unknown etiology that affects 1:100,000 populations. It may present as such affecting only the dental hard tissue or as one of the symptoms of underlying diseases such as calcinosis, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, rhematoid arthitis, Vitaminosis D and Branchioskeletogenital syndrome. This was first described by Ballschmiede as rootless teeth in 1920 and termed as dentin dysplasia by Rushton in the year 1939. It is classified into Type I, II and III, in which Type III affects only the secondary dentition. This article reports a rare case of Type I dentin dysplasia in a 26-year-old male patient, and focus on clinical, radiological, ground section and histopathological aspects. It emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis and intervention for the psychological well-being of the individual.
Keratinizing pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Sankari S Leena , Dhanavelu Prakash , Priya P Sangeetha , Jimson Sudha
Published: January 2022

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumour characterized by great histologic diversity. The presence of extensive squamous metaplasia and numerous keratin pearls is mostly uncommon in the microscopic study and can signify a potential pitfall in the histopathological diagnosis Pleomorphic adenoma can show the presence of squamous metaplasia with keratin pearls as a rare finding and is encountered most often in the parotid gland (84%) and 6% in the minor salivary gland. Here we present a case report of a rare histopathological variant of pleomorphic adenoma with exuberant squamous metaplasia and keratin pearl formation of the minor salivary gland in an unusual location.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of myofibroblasts in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pinisetti Soujanya , Tadi Durgaprasad , Manyam Ravikanth , Alla Ramya
Published: January 2022

Aim:

The aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of myofibroblasts quantitatively in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods:

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks were retrieved from the institutional archives. The sample size is 35 and included 15 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia (n = 15), 15 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (n = 15) and 5 cases of normal oral mucosa which served as the control (n = 5). Histologic sections were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using alpha-smooth muscle actin, and the mean number of myofibroblasts was evaluated.

Results:

There were no myofibroblasts in the stroma of normal oral mucosa and oral epithelial dysplasia. Whereas all cases of OSCC showed myofibroblasts (mean ± standard deviation: 21.49 ± 9.76). This difference of myofibroblasts between OSCC and oral epithelial dysplasia was statistically significant with a P < 0.05. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of Myofibroblasts(MF) between 3 histologic grades of OSCC.

Conclusion:

The presence of myofibroblasts in the stroma of OSCC and their absence in normal oral mucosa and epithelial dysplasia reveals that these cells may play a role in cancer cell invasion and progression so the treatment strategies targeting the myofibroblasts and their by products may be beneficial in OSCC patients.
Role of forensic odontology and anthropology in the identification of human remains
Authors: Jayakrishnan Jijin Mekkadath , Reddy Jagat , Vinod Kumar R B
Published: January 2022

Forensic odontology and anthropology play an important role in the identification of humans/victims in mass disasters (accidents and earthquakes) and criminal cases (homicide, rape and suicide) even if less available human remains or samples. Forensic also helps in the identification of age, sex, stature estimation and race identification using photographs, bite marks, lip prints, palatal rugae, radiographs and dental DNA identification if antemortem records are available. Here, we review the available methods of human identification. Cone-beam computed tomography of the skull showed superiority in comparison of both facial skeletal and soft tissue to examine the teeth, occlusion, palatal rugae, soft tissue thickness and other unique features.
Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) and Its Luminal Androgen Receptor (LAR) Subtype
Authors: Liman AA , Kabir B , Abubakar M , Abdullahi S , Ahmed SA , Shehu SM
Published: January 2022

Background:

Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy; the most frequent in Nigeria. BC characteristically exhibits great biologic diversity. Amongst its variants, the triple-negative subtype is also characterized by heterogeneity (thus making it a study in diversity within diversity) and also by some unique clinicopathologic features including clinical aggressiveness, lack of response to current targeted therapies, and tendency to cluster amongst young premenopausal women especially in populations of women of African ancestry.

Aims:

The objective of this study was to conduct a retrospective clinicopathologic survey of all breast carcinomas to profile the triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) amongst them and illustrate their immunohistochemical pattern of luminal androgen receptors (LARs) expression.

Patients and Methods:

All the cases entered into the departmental records as breast carcinomas over the study period were extracted including patients’ request cards, hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides, and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of those diagnosed as triple-negative cancers. These were immunohistochemically stained using a monoclonal antibody for androgen receptor (AR). The whole data were analyzed and presented in tabular formats.

Results:

A total of 660 breast carcinomas of which 89 (13.48%) cases were identified as TNBCs with a mean age of occurrence of 42.89 ± 11.88 years. Most TNBCs (95.5%) were carcinoma no special type and 61.8% had low or intermediate histologic grading. LAR expression was noted in 11.24% of the TNBCs.

Conclusion:

Triple-negative cancer in this study shares some of the known characteristics but also portrays some divergence from the commonly described features.
Clinical and Psychosocial Determinants of Patients with Tuberculosis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection
Authors: Alao MA , Ibrahim OR , Chan YH
Published: January 2022

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is a complex mesh of physical and psychosocial disorders that require a multimodal and multifaceted approach for improved outcomes.

Aims:

This study determined the treatment outcomes of patients with TB/HIV co-infection and the clinico-psychosocial predictors of the disease over a 10-year period in resource-limited settings.

Patients and Methods:

This study reviewed the 10-year retrospective treatment outcomes of patients with TB/HIV co-infection in a tertiary centre. The data were retrieved from the TB treatment registers and analyzed with STATA 16.0. The effects of latent constructs of high clinical severity, stigmatization, and family stress/burden on treatment outcomes were evaluated using a structural equation model.

Results:

Of the 1,321 who met the inclusion criteria, 1,193 had sufficient data. The mean age of the patients was 38.2 ± 16.7 years. The treatment adherence rate over the 10 years was 93.8% (±6.8%) but successful treatment outcome was 75.5% (±8.1%). Stigmatism of TB/HIV infections was experienced by adults and males ( = 0.972; P < 0.001 = 0.674; P < 0.001, = - 0.770; P < 0.001, respectively), non-adherent to treatment ( = -0.460; P < 0.001) clinical severity of illness ( = 0.940; P < 0.001), and being HIV negative ( = -0.770; P < 0.001). Family Stress/Burden was strongly affected by both Death ( = 1.000; P < 0.001) and higher Stigmatism ( = 0.602; P < 0.001). Clinical severity of illness significantly influenced both Death and Unsatisfactory outcomes ( = 0.207; P < 0.001, = 0.203; P < 0.05, respectively). Non-Adherence led to potentially unsatisfactory outcome.

Conclusion:

TB/HIV co-infection is a complex psychosocial disorder that is significantly and negatively impacted by social determinants of the disease. A holistic approach to treatment intervention that addresses the latent factors of stigmatization, family stress/burden, and high clinical severity is key to achieving a successful treatment outcome.
Spontaneous Partial Percutaneous Extrusion of Swallowed Metallic long Spoon
Authors: Ekwunife CN , Ogbue UN , Kaduru CO
Published: January 2022

Foreign body ingestion is a commonly encountered clinical challenge. Most of these objects pass spontaneously, but long objects could be retained leading to uncommon complications. There seem to be no record of percutaneous extrusion of ingested spoon in literature. We report a case of 20 year old lady who swallowed a long metallic spoon. It got retained in the stomach for a month without obstructive symptoms, until the tail end of it eroded onto the skin. It was retrieved through an open gastrotomy. Patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery. Clinicians should be mindful that ingested large foreign bodies may be delayed in presentation. Whereas our index patient had open surgery, minimally invasive retrieval approaches could be considered when comparable cases are encountered.
Yoga and its adjuvant therapies for the management of varicose vein disease
Authors: Chauhan Shweta , Patra Sanjib Kumar
Published: January 2022

Varicose veins (VVs) are twisted and dilated veins, mostly located in the lower limbs. The particular condition is mostly neglected due to lack of awareness about the issue, lack of symptoms, or late appearance of symptoms. The current review summarizes the overview of VV and available treatment options (conventional as well as nonconventional such as Ayurveda, exercise, and Yoga) for VV. VVs can range from uncomplicated asymptomatic visible small veins to symptomatic complicated varicose eczema and varicose ulcers. We identified 200 papers on VV between 2000 and 2021, out of which 40 were selected for particular review. Article search was done through Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, psycINFO, and EMBASE using the keywords “varicose veins” and “surgery,” “treatment,” “conservative methods,” “Ayurveda,” “exercise,” and “Yoga.” The randomized and nonrandomized control, self as control studies, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, as well as case studies are included. The review focuses on the importance of nonconventional alternative form of therapies, specially Ayurveda, exercise, and Yoga, for the management of VV. There are a large number of studies done on VV, but a negligible number of studies are available to prove the effectiveness of Yoga on the particular condition. A lot of research trials on urgent basis are needed to prove the efficacy of Yoga in VV disease.
Influence of Yoga-based program on health satisfaction in the Mongoloid patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Singh N. Ibohal , Pradhan Balaram , Pandey Mangesh , Parajuli Niranjan , Singh Achouba Ksh
Published: January 2022

Background:

Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have to live with this condition throughout the life. Minimizing the complications and enhancing the overall health of patients with T2DM are the major global challenges. Improving the health satisfaction in diabetes patients can enhance their adherence to treatment and could minimize the complications of the disease.

Aim:

The study evaluated the effects of Yoga along with treatment as usual on health satisfaction in T2DM patients of Mongoloid.

Methods:

The design of the present study is randomized control trial. This study was approved by the institutional ethical committee of Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal, Manipur. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants before enrolling to the study. Four hundred and fifty diabetes patients belonging to Mongoloid race were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Endocrinology at JNIMS, Imphal, Manipur. Out of them, 310 participants (age range 25–80 years) were recruited for the study purpose for fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were randomized into Yoga along with treatment as usual group (N = 155) and treatment as usual group (N = 155). The Yoga along with treatment as usual group was prescribed oral antiglycemic agents and yoga intervention for 16 weeks. The treatment as usual group was prescribed oral antiglycemic agents only without any exercise during the period. Participants were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention by using the Current Health Satisfaction Questionnaire (CHES-Q). Final analysis included 151 participants in the Yoga along with treatment as usual group and 153 in the treatment as usual group. Four participants in the Yoga group and two participants in the control group were excluded from the study for discontinuing the treatment at the endocrinology department.

Results:

Within-group analysis showed a significant improvement in all the subfactors of health satisfaction in both groups. There was a significant interaction (groups × times) in all domains of CHES-Q, except satisfied with the current level of energy, satisfied with current ability to sleep, satisfied with current blood sugar levels, and satisfied with current mood.

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study showed improvement in health satisfaction in both groups. Results also indicated that Yoga along with treatment as usual is better compared to the control group. However, future studies considering clinical and anthropometric parameters along with health satisfaction are required to support the current findings.
Sthiti and Yatna in the Abhyāsa of Yoga
Authors: Mahadevan Jayaraman
Published: January 2022

Background:

Awareness about Yoga as a system of healing has increased in the current era. Various limbs of Yoga with their therapeutic benefits are being practiced and their efficacy is being investigated. But Yoga is not a onetime pill. It has to be practiced in a sustained and beneficial manner over a period of time for its benefits to manifest.

Aim and Objectives:

In Yogic parlance Abhyāsa is the term generally used to indicate practice. Yogasūtra, the fundamental text on Yoga defines Abhyāsa. In this context a comprehensive review of Yogasūtra Samskrta commentary literature with specific focus on the definition of Abhyāsa is essential, which has hitherto not been attempted.

Material and Methods:

Fifteen Samskrta commentaries have been surveyed and analysed for the current paper with focus on the definition of abhyāsa found in the sūtra - tatra sthitau yatno'bhyāsaḥ PYS 1.13.

Result:

The analysis of the Samskrta commentary literature on this offers clarifications on the two sthiti-s of Yoga that is to be attained through the Yatna that has five dimensions.

Conclusion:

Though the inputs from the commentary lore discuss Abhyāsa in the spiritual, philosophical context- the implications of Abhyāsa in the therapeutic dimensions of Yoga are immensely useful. The outcomes of this textual review on being imbibed and incorporated in the practice of Yoga may add to the quality of Yoga practice there by facilitating better outcomes in Yoga aimed at health and wellbeing.
Sociophilosophical concept of Duḥkha in Dhammapada and Yoga Sutra
Authors: Yadav Arvind Kumar , Ganpat Tikhe Sham
Published: January 2022

Duḥkha (Pāli: Dukkha) is an important concept in Dhammapada and Yoga, commonly translated as “suffering,” “unhappiness,” “pain,” or “stress.” It is universal and unavoidable. Dhammapada is the essence of Lord Buddha's teachings intended to guide the students of Yoga marga. It consists of 26 chapters and 423 verses in the Pāli language. There are many verses in Dhammapada which talk about the prevention and cure of Duḥkha. Dhammapada suggests not to do unwholesome action which causes Duḥkha and instructs to follow the Yoga Mārga (Dhamma): Śṭla, Samādhi, and Pragyā. Each one is responsible for their actions and consequences. The disciple should be mindful and involve in doing wholesome action with the right thought. Then they will be able to free from Duḥkha and may attain happiness (Nibbāna). The Yoga Sutra of Patañjali is well-known text among the Yoga fraternity. Sage Patañjali codified the knowledge of Yoga in a unique way and has mentioned some Yogic practices to be from Duḥkha and attain the state of liberation (Kaivalya). Both Yoga Sutra and Dhammapada emphasize that one can overcome Duḥkha through the development of understanding. However, the two philosophies widely differ in the nature of that understanding. Dhammapada emphasizes the understanding of Anatta (Anatman, nonself, nonsoul), and Yoga Sutra emphasizes the understanding of Svarupa (self, soul), as each discusses the means to liberation from Duḥkha. This paper reviews the concept of Duḥkha and its cessation in the light of Dhammapada and Yoga Sutra of Patañjali.
Yoga concept in Sri Guru Granth Sahib teachings
Authors: Kaur Gurneet , Gowda Paran
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS) or Adi Granth is the main Sikh scripture. The SGGS promote principles of liberty and impartiality to pursue the way to the Guru following the path of peace and prosperity. The Sikh code of conduct is known as Sikh Rehat Maryada. The code is an outline of the mandates of daily routine followed by every Sikh. It stipulates philosophy and mandates, according to the teachings of Sikhism's 10 gurus. The studies show the relationship between SGGS and Yoga. In SGGS the first phrase, the Mool mantra, starts with the idiom, Ek Onkar (AUM). The primary goal of SGGS is to achieve union with God by constantly remembering God's name. Practice is oriented around three “golden rules.” Guru Nanak also hinted in his hymns about these chakras. Guru had talked about the Naval Lotus. In the heart (with the blooming of lotus), he has seen the Lord whose knowledge is spoken of as unfathomable. The way of the blooming of this lotus is described by Guru Nanak by saying that when with the help of “Guru-Sabad,” the heart lotus blooms and fills with nectar which makes one contented. The need of the conceptual frame arises due to lack of scientific understanding of SGGS.

Methodology:

Scale development is a systematic process that is carried out at different stages of analysis. Following recommendations of DeVellis RF and Pasqual L scale development for the present study was accomplished in three stages namely item generation, theoretical analysis, and psychometric analysis the 30 items developed after content validity testing and cognitive interviews with select respondents.

Results and Conclusion:

Conceptual framework is developed through the Yogic teachings from SGGS versus Patanjali Yoga Sutra.
Effect of yoga therapy on psychological distress and quality of life in head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Joshi Anjali Mangesh , Mehta Suchitra Ajay , Mehta Ajay Omprakash , Ughade Suresh Narayanrao , Randhe Kamaljeet Sanjay
Published: January 2022

Context:

Significant psychological morbidity with stress, depression, and anxiety has been reported in head-and-neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing curative treatment. Failure to detect and treat psychological distress affects the outcomes of cancer therapies and decreases patients' quality of life (QoL). Studies have reported the benefits of yoga for anxiety, symptom severity, and distress in cancer patients.

Aims:

To identify the effects of yoga therapy on psychological distress and QoL in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Settings and Design:

Single-group, pretest posttest study in a clinical setting.

Subjects and Methods:

Psycho-Oncology Assessment Questionnaire, Distress Thermometer, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 version 3.0, and EORTC QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires were administered to HNC patients (n = 22) before and after yoga intervention during 6 weeks of radiotherapy. The yoga intervention included loosening practices, asana, pranayama, and meditation.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analyzed in statistical software - STATA, version 10.1 (2011).

Results:

Significant reduction in psychological distress (p = 0.0001) and improvement in the QoL (p = 0.0001) was observed. Significant improvement in physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and role functioning (p = 0.0001) was observed. Significant reduction in QLQ-C30 symptom subscale scores of insomnia, pain, appetite loss, and fatigue (p = 0.0001) was observed. Significant reduction in H&N35 symptom subscale scores related to swallowing, opening the mouth (p = 0.0001), trouble with social eating, trouble with social contact, and felt ill (p < 0.05) was observed.

Conclusion:

Yoga therapy intervention significantly reduced the psychological distress, improved the QoL, improved functions, and reduced symptoms in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy. Further validation is required by conducting randomized controlled trials with a larger sample size.
Case Report: Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome Diagnostic in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: de Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio , Fernandes Jorlan , Coelho Thayssa Alves , Lumi Liana Ogino , Rosa José Antônio Rodrigues , Biasus Letícia , Alves Nunes Zenaida Marion , Brack Dóris Bercht , de Oliveira Renata Carvalho
Published: January 2022

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is an emerging rodent-borne disease in the Americas. The most common initial symptoms of HCPS are similar to those of COVID-19 and other respiratory infections that evolve rapidly to respiratory failure, resulting from pulmonary edema and shock in about 40% of cases. We describe a fatal case of HCPS in a 24-year-old man who was hospitalized with fever, hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, dry cough and a bilateral diffuse alveolar pulmonary infiltrate during the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. HCPS needs to be ruled out in patients with clinical manifestations compatible with respiratory infections such as influenza and COVID-19.
Japanese Artists’ Responses to COVID-19
Authors: Hrvatin Klara
Published: January 2022

Artists are responding very differently to the COVID-19 around the world. In Japan, this has been manifested in artistic production of the mythical creature called Amabie, one of the yōkai. Most often, it appears as a mermaid, with both animal and human features recognizable by its three limbs, long hair, beak-like mouth and body covered by scales. This is a mythical character which, according to legend, allegedly predicted the plague and advised people to share drawings of its image with each other, thus protecting them from diseases. The character was documented for the first time in 1846 in one of the early kawaraban newspapers.
This paper presents a new wave of Amabie that overran social media when COVID-19 seriously affected Japan. The author focuses on the world of art, where the character distinctly stepped to the fore, and examines the characteristics of Amabie’s interpretation by selected artists. One of the first to attract special attention in this respect is the artist Shigeru Mizuki (1922–2015), a master of the yōkai genre, whose comic book featuring Amabie was revived in the midst of the pandemic. He was followed by other illustrators, designers and artists or groups of artists. Utilization of the character of Amabie as a talisman, however, is specific not only of the artists’ domain. The mass popularization of the character, including drawings, puppets, paper sculptures, costumes, sweets, tattoos and the like can be followed through all kinds of social media. The paper attempts to lay stress on the phenomenon of the struggle of Japanese society with COVID-19 through the prism of popularizing Amabie folklore, which has become in the last few months an internet meme and mascot of pop culture that has spread around the entire world.
The Pandemic, Ecological Justice, and Zhu Xi’s Philosophy
Authors: Hong Seongmin
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has brought many changes to society and encouraged mankind to reflect on its civilization. The pandemic has revealed that our health care systems and community solidarity are far more fragile than we believed. It made us rethink the solidarity of human civilization and community, and more fundamentally, reconsider the global ecosystem beyond human society. This paper claims that COVID-19 was an inevitable result of the anthropocentric perspective, and argues that it is necessary to change the perception to an ecological worldview and practice ecological justice in order to solve this situation. First, it analyses the ecological reasons for the regular outbreak of zoonotic diseases, including COVID-19, and then it examines Naess’s deep ecology with regard to a fundamental change of perception, but also finds several weaknesses in this. Third, this paper focuses on Zhu Xi’s philosophy in order to compensate for the weaknesses of deep ecology. It argues for the importance of human roles and obligations in relation to the safety and health of the environment based on his philosophy, and explains ecological justice by applying his social equality theory to ecology. Finally, it sheds new light on Zhu Xi’s theory of investigation of things (gewu 格物) as a practical way of implementing ecological justice.
Coping with COVID and the Myth of a Collective China
Authors: Dessein Bart
Published: January 2022

Reflecting on the development of the global economic system, the present article describes the phenomenon of hyper-individualism in the age of “second modernity” and, making a distinction between the “family collective” and the “patriotic collective”, discusses the individual’s oscillating loyalty between the family and the nation state in this process. An answer is sought to the question why, in the contemporary period, individuals who are confronted with a (health) crisis appear to have lost confidence in the authority of the nation state, regardless of whether they live in a country with a democratic government or one with an authoritarian regime. Building on this finding, the article also addresses the importance of a revival of the political agora.
Saints, demons, wizards, pagans, and prophets in the collapse of banks in Ghana
Authors: Agyenim- Boateng Cletus , Aboagye- Otchere Francis , Aboagye Alice Anima
Published: January 2022

The essence of banks in an economy cannot be underscored enough. However, poor institutional as well as unscrupulous banking and accounting practices could collapse a banking system and wreak an economy-wide havoc due to a contagion. Thus, the impact of bank failures/crises are grave. Given that this paper seeks to comprehensively discuss bank failures in the light of both agency and structural perspectives. Also, the study theorizes the causes of bank failures using Ayee's (2000) concepts and Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social practice. The study adopted a qualitative methodology and used nine failed Ghanaian banks as cases. A latent content analysis on reports of these recent nine failed banks indicated the banking crises were a reproduction of old social actions, which include weak regulatory supervision, poor corporate gover-nance and risk management practices. Besides, the culture of weak enforcement explained the collapse of the local banks unlike their foreign counterparts who had internalized the culture of their parent companies and also possessed the right cultural capitals. Further, it was observed that weak saints, hungry and deceitful demons, lazy wizards, praise and attention-loving pagans and the neglect of prophets were the issues responsible for the bank crises or failures in Ghana.
Determination of Heavy Metals and Anti-nutrient Residues in Selected Organs of Bovines Commonly Slaughtered in Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Sudi Ismaila Yada , Sanusi Ibrahim , Ahmed Maryam Usman , Barnabas Clifford L.
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Copper, Cadmium and Zinc) and anti-nutrients residues (phytate and oxalate) in cattle (bovines) organs slaughtered at Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Nigeria slaughterhouse. Different organs (kidney, liver, lungs, heart and spleen) were collected randomly from five different bovines as samples from slaughterhouse and were brought to the laboratory for analysis. All of the heavy metals analyzed were detected with Lead presenting 293.07 ± 163.53 mg/kg in lung, 2.97 ± 0.39 mg/kg Zinc in heart, 0.632 + 0,3724 mg/kg Cadmium, 1.53 + 1.48 2.972 2.97 ± 0.39 mg/kg Copper, 4.0E-4 ± 2.0E-4 mg/kg Chromium in liver, while highest concentration 0.63 ± 0.37 mg/kg of Cadmium and 1.53 ± 1.48 mg/kg Copper was found in spleen. The concentrations of Lead, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium and Chromium detected exceeds the recommended maximum acceptable levels proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) which are Cadmium 0.5 mg/kg, Lead 0.30 mg/kg, Zinc 0.2 mg/kg, Chromium 1.00 mg/kg, Copper 0.1- 0.50 mg/kg. The results from this study indicate that heavy metal toxicity could result from the consumption of organs of bovines (cows) feed within contaminated areas of Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.

Keywords: Anti-nutrient, Bovines, Heavy metals, Organs, Slaughter