bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The review about organizational change of agricultural company
Authors:   The Legal Studies Institute of Chosun University, Mun Jun Woo
Published: February 2025

Modern society can be called the legal entity era, as the role and status of legal entities are gradually increasing in terms of not only wealth ownership but also economic and social activities and functions. In particular, the emergence and development of for-profit legal entity has brought about groundbreaking changes to the legal entity system, and the functions and roles of for-profit legal entity is becoming more profound. Since all agricultural company is company under the commercial law and is company established for profit(see article 169 of the commercial law), agricultural company is for-profit company.
In return for the benefits of support from the state and local governments and tax reductions, agricultural company must conduct business within the scope of the law on fostering and supporting agricultural and fisheries business entities. Agricultural company is revitalizing agriculture, improving national health, and contributing to strengthening national competitiveness by exporting. As of 2022, the number of such law on fostering and supporting agricultural and fisheries business entities has increased by 1,835(12.9%) compared to 2021.
Through organizational changes, organizational efficiency can be improved by reducing time and costs. According to the law on fostering and supporting agricultural and fisheries business entities, an agricultural partnership can be reorganized into an agricultural company, but an agricultural company cannot be reorganized into an agricultural partnership. This is not desirable because (i) it conflicts with the fact that an agricultural partnership with limited liability for its members and associate members can be reorganized into an agricultural company, (ii) it contrasts with the fact that a company under the commercial law, in which members or shareholders have limited liability under the cooperatives law, can be reorganized into a cooperative under the cooperatives law, in which members have limited liability, and (iii) reorganization in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan is much freer than in Korea. Therefore, this article examines the fact that an agricultural company must be reorganized into an agricultural partnership and the direction of revision of regulations related to reorganization of agricultural company.
Counterstereotypical Materials as a Method of Reducing Prejudice Toward Childfree People
Authors: Ciesielski Paweł
Published: February 2025

Childfree people face prejudice, discrimination, and misunderstanding. This study explores three methods of reducing such prejudice based on video materials: counterstereotypicality (CS), exposition (EXPO), and counterstereotypical exposition (CS-EXPO). Prejudice was measured twice: first, in a pretest, and then in a posttest that followed the video material, two weeks afterwards. The study covered 192 participants (Mage = 30.18), with 46 to 50 participants in each condition (three experimental + one control). In all of the experimental conditions (but not in the control condition), the prejudice was lower in the Posttest, compared to the Pretest. Of the three conditions, the CS and CS-EXPO conditions had the largest effect. However, the results indicated no significant differences between the conditions. Practical implications for prejudice reduction campaigns are discussed.
Potencial e desafios dos aplicativos de saúde na melhoria dos cuidados geriátricos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Junior Andre Macedo de Jesus , Oliveira Thaís Santana , Soares Larissa Santana , Santos Marks Passos
Published: February 2025

Objective: To identify the impacts resulting from the use of health monitoring applications compared to traditional methods of care management. Method: This study comprises an integrative literature review, in which 10 scientific articles were analyzed. These articles were selected through a rigorous search of the LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. To be eligible, studies had to meet the following criteria: be primary, be fully available, not have been removed from the databases, and have an objective that directly answered the research question. Results: From the analysis of the collected content, the effectiveness of self-management health apps can be observed, as well as identifying challenges encountered during implementation. Conclusion: This study highlights the growing potential of applications in improving healthcare for the elderly, given the ongoing demographic expansion in this age group.
The Characteristics of Pedagogical Innovations
Authors:   Saratov State University, Gorelova L.A.
Published: February 2025

The article covers the essence of pedagogical innovations, the system of traditional and innovative education. It analyses pedagogical
approaches to implication of innovative pedagogical activities in
teaching practice.
To the 75th anniversary of the day of birth of L.G. Vyatkin : Education of youth - the buisness of whole life
Authors:   Saratov State University, Zhelezovskaya G.I. , Guseynov A.Z. ,   Saratov State University, Turchin G.D. ,   Saratov State University
Published: February 2025

To the 75th anniversary of the day of birth of L.G. Vyatkin : Education of youth - the buisness of whole life.
Structural and Functional Approach to the Cultural and Psychological Research of Psychological Personal Competence
Authors:   Saratov State University, Zhizhina M.V.
Published: February 2025

Structural and functional approach is suggested as a base for cultural
and psychological personal competence modeling. The competence
is considered to be an integrated social psychological characteristic
of a person and reflects his efficient cooperation with cultural environment. The article shows the significance of cultural and psychological competence in realization of life perspectives of a person, his
professional and citizenly achievements.
General Cultural Component of the Higher Professional Education (Competence Method)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Balakireva E.I.
Published: February 2025

The article deals with methodological basing of the notional content of personality´s general cultural
competence in the author`s interpretation. The author reveals the notional content according to the
following: personal knowledge, productive types of activity, potential possibilities, orientations in
valuables and implications, operational-actional component. Methodological orientations of notional
content building of a person`s general cultural competence are determined in connection with the
theory of knowledge by Polani, the principles of systematic point of view, humanitarian paradigm, the
idea of education, directed to personality.
The Safety Profile of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Narrative Review
Authors: Seyedmirzaei Homa , Shobeiri Parnian , Mohammadi Mehdi , Zarei Mohammad
Published: February 2025

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic inflicted a considerable burden on health systems and individuals world-wide. Thus, scientists intended to propose beneficial treatments and vaccines to fight against this virus.However, vaccination remained the only effective way to reduce death and hospitalization due to COVID-19infection. To date, about five proposed COVID-19 vaccines have been approved as WHO emergency uselistings (EUL). Yet, their safety profile needs the following actions to be revealed: (1) more follow-up registrysystems and (2) global clinical trials in various countries in a period that they are experiencing a peak.By searching keywords 'COVID-19' and 'vaccination' in PubMed and Scopus databases, we aimed to sum-marize the current evidence in the literature regarding the safety profile (i.e., local and systemic adverseevents) of ten COVID-19 vaccines: (1) Pfizer/BioNTech, (2) Moderna, (3) Sputnik V, (4) Bharat, (5) CanSi-no, (6) Sinovac, (7) AstraZeneca, (8) Johnson & Johnson, (9) Novavax, and (10) Sinopharm. Moreover, wedemonstrated the data on the safety of heterologous schedules of these vaccines alongside further consider-ations in people with comorbidities and particular circumstances.Most of the COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects possess a mild-to-moderate, self-limiting nature. However,special circumstances such as severe hyper-sensitivity necessitate the use of an alternate COVID-19 vaccine.Vaccination is the only way to exit the global pandemic, and its benefits outweigh its adverse effects. Mean-while, people should be aware of the signs of the probable rare, severe reactions to the vaccine.
IL-17 in Pneumonia: Cure or Corruption?
Authors: Keyfari Maryam , Hemmati Sara
Published: February 2025

As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-17 is important in the immune system against fungal and bacterial in-fections. The IL-17 cytokine family consists of six members that exert their effects by cooperating with fivereceptors that form the IL-17 receptor family. Although IL-17 is mainly a defensive factor, at times, overex-pression of this cytokine will lead to inflammatory and damaging outcomes.Pneumonia is a lower airway disease that can be caused by different agents. In this condition, IL-17 is secret-ed from different cells and can fight against infection or otherwise lead to progression of the disease. Thisarticle reviews the IL-17 role in pneumonia and different inflammatory pathways that it can affect.
A Narrative Review on the Effect of Rituximab on Secondary Humoral Immune Response
Authors: Dasdar Shayan , Kianfar Nika , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Daneshpazhooh Maryam
Published: February 2025

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody with binding specificity to CD20-positive B lymphocytes. Patients administered rituximab would not have adequate humoral response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Rituximab can also affect the durability of immunization. Plasma-secreting antibodies and memory B-cells are two major arms of long-term immunity. The role of memory B-cells becomes prominent by decreasing antibody titers over time. The activated memory B cells have CD20 protein on their surface. Investigating the effect of rituximab on other vaccines has demonstrated attenuated recall response. The evidence in this review suggests that we can also expect a deficit of recall response to SARS-CoV-2, making the ritux- imab-treated patients susceptible to reinfection with emerging variants. Therefore, it is better to consider other therapeutic options, use lower rituximab doses, and employ booster vaccines at shorter intervals.
A Pilot Study of FOXP3 Gene (rs2232365, rs3761547, and rs3761548) Mutations in Migraine Patients
Authors: Arumugam Murugesan , Sugumar Subalakshmi , Suresh Jerad A , Avadhani Deepa , Hazeena Philo
Published: February 2025

Background: The role of immune dysfunction in migraine pathogenesis is currently debated. Migraines are common among family members, yet no significant gene polymorphisms have been identified to date. However, our earlier clinical study findings led us to hypothesize that migraine initiation could be influenced by genes that regulate immune function, specifically Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3). To test this hypothesis, we conducted a pilot study targeting FOXP3 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), commonly associated with other autoimmune conditions in patients with migraine.
Materials and Methods: The minimum sample size required for this study was determined by considering the mean difference in Regulatory T cells (Tregs) reduction reported in previous studies. Twenty participants (10 patients and 10 controls) were recruited for this study. Familial clinical history was collected for pedigree analysis and the samples were tested for the targeted SNPs.
Results: The prevalence of the AG genotype for rs2232365 was 50% among patients and 20% among controls (OR: 4.0, CI: 0.54-29.09, p=0.17). Regarding rs3761547, the AG genotype was observed in 60% of patients and 10% of controls (OR: 13.5, CI: 1.19-152.2, p=0.03), whereas the AC genotype was found in 70% of patients and only 10% of controls (OR: 21.0, CI: 1.77-248.1, p=0.01).
Conclusion: Our preliminary analysis suggested a possible association between FOXP3 variance and migraine predisposition, particularly with the AG and AC genotypes at the rs3761547 and rs3761548 SNPs, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of conducting a more extensive FOXP3 mutation study in a larger cohort of migraine patients
Engine-Induction Generator Set Modeling for Hybrid/Flex Vehicle
Authors: Campos Márcio V. R. , Silva Lucas Jonys R. , Wang Jen W. , Alves Thayson P. , Zilli Bruno M. , Neves Rodolpho V. A. , Oliveira Vilma A. , Machado Ricardo Q.
Published: February 2025

This manuscript proposes a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) model for an engine-induction generator set in series hybrid/flex vehicles (SHVs). The model outputs are simplified using linear combinations of the inputs via a steady-state gain matrix, with gains defined in terms of the SHV electrical parameters. A reduced-order model is proposed to reliably analyze the dynamic behavior by incorporating the state variables of the powertrain's electrical system. This facilitates the design of energy management systems (EMS) and power converter sizing, enhancing the efficiency of the engine-generator set. The mathematical solution was validated through simulations and experimental results, including mechanical power calculations derived from vehicle dynamics applied to an SHV laboratory-scale prototype. Experimental findings demonstrated the effectiveness of a simple EMS in reducing fuel consumption while maintaining the internal combustion engine within its optimal efficiency region. Furthermore, this study presents a practical and cost-effective alternative for ICE-generator systems by replacing permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) with induction generators (IGs).
Comparison of changes in blood group, hemogram and biochemical parameters in healthcare workers with and without COVID-19
Authors: Turan Atakan , Öğüt Hamdi , Bozkurt Hayri , Ayyıldız Varol Aylin
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate blood groups and some hematologic and biochemical parameters in healthcare workers with and without COVID-19.
Methods: The sample consisted of 1232 healthcare workers who consented to participate in the study after being informed about its purpose and methodology. The study's case group consisted of 704 individuals who got COVID-19, whereas the control group consisted of 528 individuals who didn't get the virus. A survey conducted online was used to gather data. The study was conducted with adherence to ethical norms.
Results: Participants in the case and control groups showed a significant difference in their vitamin D level variables, and those with low vitamin D levels were 1.9 times more likely to contract COVID-19 than those with normal levels. Blood glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, troponin-I, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), anti- human immunodeficiency virüs (HIV), white blood cell, hemoglobulin, platelets, lymphocyte, and neutrophil averages were significantly different between the case and control groups when the biochemistry values of the participants were compared (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Vitamin D level, blood glucose, LDH, ferritin, troponin I, D-dimer, CRP, and anti-HIV among the significant biochemistry parameters in our study; leukocyte, hemoglobin, platelets, lymphocyte, and neutrophil levels among hemogram parameters are in parallel with the literature data in predicting the diagnosis of COVID-19. The use of these parameters in the clinic will contribute to the early detection of the diagnosis, early isolation of patients, and early initiation of the treatment process.
Agronomic Indices Assessment for Horse bean (Vicia faba L.) based on Seed Stimulation by Gibberellin and Varieties
Authors: Taha Abbas Abdull , Raheem Ali Hussein , Ali Ashraf Hashim
Published: February 2025

Background: Vicia faba L. equina belong to medium size seeds group which is considered one of the main pulse crop which are widely and mainly used it’s pods, fresh and dry seeds in cooking, especially by a large section of poor people as a source of expensive animal protein compensation. Methods: A field experiments carried out at agricultural researches and experiments station affiliate of the College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk - Kirkuk Province, Iraq, Randomized complete block design with three replicates used to perform this experiment. For determination following seed presoaking before sowing in gibberellin (GA3) 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1 concentrations in addition to seed presoaking in tap water as control treatment and two imported horse bean varieties included Aguadulge (Italy) and French (France) variety. Result: Seed presoaking in two gibberellin concentrations 100 and 150 mg L-1 before sowing had a significant influence on plant growth and seed yield. Aguadulge variety exceeds significantly upon on French variety in most of seed yield and it is related. 100 mg L-1 gibberellin x French variety and 150 mg L-1 gibberellin x Aguadulge variety gave the highest seed yield and its components. The findings hint that seed presoaking technique before sowing in gibberellin was useful to enhancement agronomical indices of horse bean varieties, so it could be suggests that increasing gibberellin concentration up to100 mg L-1 for French variety and up to150 mg L-1 for Aguadulge variety increase the horse bean seed yield and its components.
Tracing India’s Canine Heritage Through SNP-based Haplotype Identification
Authors: Singh Dapinder , Mahajan Shashi Kant , Kashyap Neeraj , Mukhopadhyay Chandra Sekhar
Published: February 2025

Background: The majority of dog breeds and germplasm in India remain largely unexplored, with no previous studies conducted on the population structure of owned dogs. This study aimed to fill this gap by identifying haplotypes and exploring population structure among different breeds of dogs using genome-wide distributed SNPs. Methods: The research utilized custom double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing genotyping-by-sequencing (ddRAD-GBS) with Illumina 150bp paired-end sequencing of 50 dog samples, resulting in 2,18,433 high-quality SNPs meeting the screening criteria. Results were obtained on 46 dog samples which were analyzed for population structure and haplotype identification using bash and R-environment. Three haplotypes (located on AFAP1, CELSR1 and GBGT1 genes) were selected based on SNP density and haplotype length for validation via PCR, followed by paired-end Sanger sequencing in seven different dog breeds (n = 21). Result: The results revealed significant connections between dog breeds from Punjab and Haryana, with less pronounced affiliation with Karnataka. Sequencing results showed that CELSR1 and GBGT1 genes contained SNPs, while the AFAP1 gene did not. These findings provided insights into the molecular-level population structure, SNPs and haplotypes of diverse dog breeds in India. The SNP variation identified could be utilized for the molecular characterization of indigenous dogs.
Deep learning for autonomous driving systems: technological innovations, strategic implementations, and business implications - a comprehensive review
Authors: Sahoo Laxmi Kant , Varadarajan Vijayakumar
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancements in deep learning have significantly transformed the landscape of autonomous driving, with profound technological, strategic, and business implications. Autonomous driving systems, which rely on deep learning to enhance real-time perception, decision-making, and control, are poised to revolutionize transportation by improving safety, efficiency, and mobility. Despite this progress, numerous challenges remain, such as real-time data processing, decision-making under uncertainty, and navigating complex environments. This comprehensive review explores the state-of-the-art deep learning methodologies, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory networks, and transformers that are central to autonomous driving tasks such as object detection, scene understanding, and path planning. Additionally, the review examines strategic implementations, focusing on the integration of deep learning into the automotive sector, the scalability of artificial intelligence-driven systems, and their alignment with regulatory and safety standards. Furthermore, the study highlights the business implications of deep learning adoption, including its influence on operational efficiency, competitive dynamics, and workforce requirements. The literature also identifies gaps, particularly in achieving full autonomy (Level 5), improving sensor fusion, and addressing the long-term costs and regulatory challenges. By addressing these issues, deep learning has the potential to redefine the future of mobility, enabling safer, more efficient, and fully autonomous driving systems. This review aims to provide insights for stakeholders, including automotive manufacturers, artificial intelligence developers, and policymakers, to navigate the complexities of integrating deep learning into autonomous driving.
Caracterización de la flora leñosa y palmeras en el distrito de Miraflores (Lima-Perú)
Authors:   , Obando Bazan Douglas Rafael
Published: February 2025

En América Latina, la caracterización florística de las áreas urbanas ha sido abordada de forma incompleta. En la capital del Perú (Lima), Miraflores se ha mostrado como uno de los distritos que ha puesto especial interés en el cuidado de sus áreas verdes. En esta investigación, se estudiaron 78 parques y 23 bermas centrales caminables con el objetivo de a) identificar las plantas leñosas (árboles y arbustos) y palmerales (incluyendo cicas); b) cuantificar el porcentaje de especies nativas e introducidas que se usan en estos espacios, c) evaluar si existe correlación entre el área y la riqueza de especies de estos parques y bermas, y d) comparar las especies botánicas entre las áreas verdes urbanas estudiadas. La metodología incluyó colectas botánicas acompañadas del registro fotográfico de las plantas en los parques y bermas del distrito; se utilizaron claves taxonómicas para la identificación de las especies; posteriormente, los datos fueron analizados con el índice de Jaccard (Ij) a fin de evaluar la similitud entre los parques y bermas evaluadas. Se registraron 203 especies, agrupadas en 144 géneros y 53 familias, siendo las especies; Duranta erecta L. (57,4%), Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi. (56,4%), Tecoma capensis (Thumb) Spach. (55,4%), Ficus benjamina L. (50,4%), Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntz (49,5%), Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. (47,5%), Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco (47,5%) y Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg. (40,5%) las que aparecen con mayor frecuencia; el parque Bicentenario posee la mayor riqueza florística (61 especies) en el distrito. El 81.8% de especies son introducidas (166) y un 18.2% son especies nativas (37). El análisis de similitud mostró que la mayoría de las bermas centrales caminables muestran una alta similitud (hasta del 100% de sus especies), mientras que los parques tienen valores de Ij entre 26 y 50%...
Evaluación de la composición nutricional, microbiológica y capacidad antioxidante de galletas elaboradas con harina de flor de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
Authors:   , Zamudio Grandez Erick Omar
Published: February 2025

Introducción: el consumo excesivo de alimentos ultraprocesados con alto contenido de fructosa se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. La industria de los ultraprocesados tiene alternativas como galletas y esto ofrece una oportunidad para innovaciones en el campo de la nutrición saludable. El objetivo de este estudio fue formular y elaborar galletas de avena con la incorporación de harina de flor de jamaica (FJ) Hibiscus sabdariffa L. como una alternativa saludable, funcional y segura. Material y métodos: se elaboraron tres formulaciones de galletas con 10%, 20% y 30% (p/p) de sustitución con harina de FJ (etiquetadas como “A”, “B” y “C”, respectivamente). Posteriormente, se hizo un análisis proximal para evaluar la composición nutricional. Además, para evaluar la capacidad antioxidante se optó por el método ABTS y para la calidad microbiológica se usó el método de recuento de mohos. Resultados: el análisis proximal nos indica que las formulaciones tuvieron carbohidratos (de 43,1 a 51,6g/100g), proteínas (de 10,2 a 11,8g/100g), fibra cruda (0,8 a 1,7g/100g), grasa (13,8 a 21,4g/100g) y energía (377,8 a 405,8 kcal/100g). En cuanto a la actividad antioxidante, la galleta de FJ no presentaron mayor capacidad antioxidante que la galleta control (solo harina de avena). Sin embargo, al comparar entre las galletas que tuvieron agregada la FJ, la galleta C fue la tuvo mayor capacidad antioxidante, lo que indicaría un efecto dependiente de la dosis. Por otro lado, todas las formulaciones presentaron una cantidad de mohos inferior a 10 UFC/g de alimento. Conclusiones: la incorporación de harina de FJ ha sido posible en la elaboración de galletas, sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios proximales, sensoriales y de perfil químico para poder traducir estas formulaciones en una alternativa nutricional saludable.
Correlación entre las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria y la masa muscular en adultos mayores: impacto de las comorbilidades
Authors:   , Curi Vilchez Gianelli Scarlett , Fernandez Millones Maria Lucia
Published: February 2025

Antecedentes: Existe evidencia que la sarcopenia y funcionalidad están estrechamente relacionadas. Sin embargo, esta asociación entre los síndromes geriátricos, como la dependencia de actividades instrumentales, sarcopenia, podría verse afectada por la presencia de determinadas comorbilidades como sobrepeso, obesidad, diabetes, y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria y la masa muscular en ancianos y evaluar el impacto de ciertas comorbilidades en esta asociación. Métodos: Este es un estudio retrospectivo de tipo observacional y analítico que incluyó a 1.897 pacientes. La masa muscular se midió con la circunferencia de la pantorrilla y las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria con el índice de Lawton. Resultados: Entre diferentes estudios de parámetros, se encontró correlación estadística en un análisis de regresión estratificada entre la puntuación del índice de Lawton y la masa muscular de los pacientes que tenían sobrepeso (valor de P: 0,001; coeficiente beta: 0,08), obesos (valor de P: 0,001; coeficiente beta: 0,05), diabetes (valor de P: 0,012; coeficiente beta: 0,03) y EPOC (valor de P: 0,001; coeficiente beta:0,03). Conclusión: La correlación entre masa muscular y las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria deben evaluarse individualmente de acuerdo a las necesidades de cada paciente y según sus comorbilidades, promoviendo la medicina geriátrica centrada en cada paciente.
Determinación de la prevalencia de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp. en muestras fecales de felinos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus) en el distrito de Santiago de Surco en Lima, Perú, en el 2023
Authors:   , Maticorena Meza Solange Maria del Pilar
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de Cryptosporidium spp. en heces de felinos domésticos del distrito de Santiago de Surco en Lima, 2023; así mismo su asociación con las variables sexo, edad, estado físico de las heces, lugar de permanencia y origen de fuente de agua. Se recolectaron 99 muestras fecales de gatos aparentemente sanos, de ambos sexos, sin distinción de edad y raza. Cada muestra fue examinada mediante microscopio y teñidas utilizando la Técnica Ziehl-Neelsen Modificado para el diagnóstico de Cryptosporidium spp. Se encontró una prevalencia de 5.05 ± 4.31% para Cryptosporidium spp. No encontrándose diferencias significativas para las variables estudiadas. Los resultados demostraron la presencia de Cryptosporidium spp. en gatos domésticos del distrito de Santiago de Surco evidenciando un posible riesgo zoonótico.
Application of Summary Judgment Procedures for Minor Crimes of Prisoners
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Park Haeng Ryeol
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the number of cases of disciplinary violations in correctional facilities has been increasing. One of the reasons for this is the absence of sanctions against violations of discipline. The only means of sanctioning violations of discipline are the sentencing and punishment, so the convict who abuse this gap is increasing. Therefore, in this study, a plan to apply the summary judgment procedure to minor crimes was proposed as a new sanctions tool to fill the gap in these sanctions. If a summary judgment procedure is introduced for minor crimes, it can be immediately effective through a prompt procedure. In addition, it will be possible to supplement the incapacity of punishment by extending the sentence period to detention. Currently, there are no basic regulations for applying the summary judgment procedure to violations of the rules of correctional facilities, so it is necessary to amend the Summary Trial Act and the Criminal Execution Act to create the basis regulations. In the Summary Trial Act, as a proviso to the Article 3 (1) claimant regulation, a new provision stating, 'If another law stipulates a claimant for a minor crime, the person shall request a summary trial to the competent court.' It was proposed to lay the groundwork for the right to request a summary trial by the head of the correctional facility. In the Criminal Execution Act, it was proposed to establish a new type and punishment clause for minor crimes in Part 5 of the Penalty Act, and a new provision to grant the right to request a summary trial in the head of the correctional facility for such minor crimes.
A Study on the Criminal Mediation System as Restorative Justice
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Park Hyun-sung , Yoo Young-jae
Published: February 2025

Traditional criminal justice, which focuses on restoring social order through punishment for criminals, has a limitation in not fully considering the victim's damage recovery and the perpetrator's perception of responsibility. On the other hand, restorative justice focuses on coordinating conflicts and bringing about damage recovery and social reconciliation by voluntarily and actively participating in the process of solving crimes by perpetrators, victims, and communities.
The criminal mediation system generally refers to mediation between perpetrators and victims in criminal cases, and in Korea, it was introduced as part of a pilot program in 2006 and has reached this point. Until now, discussions have been made to point out problems in the function and role of the criminal mediation system and to improve them, but the limitations remain that it has not been able to function properly as a part of restorative justice.
Therefore, this study analyzes the criminal mediation system from the perspective of restorative justice, reexamines the limitations, and suggests institutional measures to improve them. First, in order to examine how the purpose and purpose of restorative justice can be applied to our criminal mediation system, the concept and historical development background of restorative justice were explained, and various types of restorative justice systems operated overseas were examined.
In the operational status of the criminal mediation system, the procedure for operating actual criminal mediation was examined in stages, and the problems arising in this process and their limitations were analyzed. As a result, it was confirmed that there are various problems, such as insufficient voluntary participation of perpetrators and victims in the mediation process, lack of neutrality and expertise of mediation committee members, and lack of legal enforcement power of mediation agreements.
Several improvement measures were proposed to solve these problems and allow the criminal mediation system to function as a truly restorative judicial law. Specifically, supplementary measures were proposed, such as establishing an institutional procedure for the parties to the case to participate in mediation according to their voluntary will by clearly understanding the purpose of criminal mediation before participating in criminal mediation, and stipulating legal grounds so that substantial adjustments can be made based on the neutrality and expertise of the mediation committee members in the criminal mediation process.
Through this study, we hope that our criminal mediation system can play a role as a criminal justice system that practically achieves reconciliation and social integration between perpetrators and victims by faithfully reflecting the ideology of restorative justice in the future.
A Study on the Necessity to Revise Crime of Police Violence: A Focus on Police Use of Force Situations
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Lee Hoon
Published: February 2025

Abusive use of police force is harshly punished as a criminal offence under the Criminal Act of South Korea. Nevertheless, potential litigation risk that police officers face in the line of duty undermines police commitment to the rule of law, which, in turn, endangers the safety and security of the public. Police officers, convicted of using excessive force involving the restraint of the human body, are more likely to encounter Ipso Facto retirement under the Article 27 of the Police Official Act in Korea. Despite the importance of criminal liability issues related to excessive use of police force, few research studies have been conducted on the definition of ‘restraint of the human body’ that appears in the court cases where police officers are criminally charged of using excessive force. In this regard, the current study, for the first time in the country, attempted to analyze a total of 32 criminal cases where police officers and prosecutors are charged of using excessive force involving the restraint of the human body, focusing on the purpose of using force permitted by the Act on the Performance of Duties by Police Officers. Upon analysis, the present study found that police officers are found guilty even though they applied excessive force in those cases not directly related to the restraint of the human body. Furthermore, the current study found that a great deal of court cases ended up with suspended imposition of sentence. Finally, the current study proposed several policy implications, including the revision of the current police violence penal code, the induction of fine as a punishment for police violence as well as the creation of universal punishment clause for the entire peace officers.
The Impact of Moral Alignment with Police on the Willingness to Participate in Community Policing Activities: Focusing on the Mediating Role of Trust in the Police
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Jeon Jun Ha , Jung Bo Sung
Published: February 2025

Modern society increasingly recognizes the era of cooperative security, where citizens and the police jointly maintain public safety. Within this paradigm, the active and voluntary participation of citizens in policing activities play a pivotal role. Achieving effective cooperative security necessitates aligning the values of citizens and police, planning policies in congruence with shared objectives, and conducting police activities based on these shared values. As a representative philosophy related to this, the police academia emphasizes the importance of community policing, and empirical and policy studies to establish a practical basis for cooperative security are still being actively conducted.
This study aims to propose strategies for revitalizing cooperative security from the perspective of citizens, building upon previous research on the philosophy of community-oriented policing. Specifically, it explores the relationship between citizens' moral alignment with police officers and their willingness to participate in community policing activites, using survey data collected from 500 participants. To achieve this, a research model and hypothesis were developed, positing that moral alignment influences citizens' willingness to participate in community policing activities through the mediating role of police trust. By examining this pathway, the study seeks to uncover the detailed mechanisms through which moral alignment enhances citizen participation in community policing activities.
The findings of this study reveal that police trust fully mediates the relationship between moral alignment with police and citizens' willingness to participate in community policing activities. This indicates that when citizens perceive shared values with the police, their trust in law enforcement increases, subsequently enhancing their willingness to engage in community policing activities. These results underscore the critical role of moral alignment as a positive driver in fostering community policing and revitalizing police engagement within local communities. Furthermore, the study provides empirical evidence to guide the development of policies aimed at strengthening police-citizen collaboration and promoting cooperative security practices.
Exploring the Use of Body-Worn Cameras in Policing
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Jung Woo Il
Published: February 2025

The advancement of digital technology provides new opportunities for police work, but the interaction between police officers and body-worn cameras(BWCs) raises various complex issues. To maximize the positive effects of camera usage, police organizations must clearly recognize the limitations and potential side effects of the technology and adopt a balanced approach to address these challenges. It is therefore necessary to strengthen guidelines for the management, supervision, and security of BWCs and to derive social consensus on the purpose and boundaries of digital technology use.
Body-worn cameras refer to devices that police officers wear or carry on their bodies to record audio and video footage of their job performance at close range, or other machines with similar functions. With the 2024 amendment of the 「Police Duties Execution Act」, BWCs have been classified as police equipment, establishing the legal basis and usage standards for their introduction through the National Police Agency's budget. This is expected to enhance human rights by securing evidence at crime scenes and deterring excessive use of force or other human rights violations. However, there is also concern that their use could increase paperwork, causing frontline officers to avoid utilizing the devices and leading to wasted budgets.
In South Korea, the introduction of BWCs requires a clear definition of their purpose and policies based on empirical research. However, domestic prior studies are insufficient, and policies have been implemented without a clear purpose, making controversies inevitable in terms of technological, financial, legal, and ethical aspects. Thus, this study examines the issues surrounding South Korea's adoption of BWCs, which was benchmarked against foreign legislative cases, and discusses the limitations that may arise during this process.
The Role of Social Isolation in Shaping Hyperfocus in Adults with ADHD and/or ASD: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Folly Julia Carvalho , Reis Lara Emanuelle Silva , Roman-Ramos Henrique
Published: February 2025

Objective: Hyperfocus (HF) is frequently observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While HF can enhance cognitive performance, it often disrupts daily functioning. This study assessed how pandemic-induced social isolation influenced HF intensity and frequency in adults with ASD, ADHD, or both conditions (ADHD&ASD), focusing on disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic access.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an adapted Adult Hyperfocus Questionnaire to collect HF scores from 342 adults with ASD, ADHD, or ADHD&ASD. Participants included those with formal diagnoses and self-reported neurodivergence, reflecting barriers to equitable diagnostic access. HF scores were compared between pre-isolation and during-isolation periods. Statistical analysis examined variations by neurodivergent condition, diagnostic status, and therapy participation. Sentiment analysis evaluated emotional responses to HF episodes.
Results: Social isolation significantly increased HF across all groups (p < 0.001). Median HF scores rose from 68 to 72 (ADHD), 67 to 71 (ASD), and 68 to 70 (ADHD&ASD). No significant differences were observed between formally diagnosed and self-reported individuals or those in therapy, highlighting disparities in access to support. Sentiment analysis revealed predominantly positive emotions during HF but identified challenges like neglect of basic needs and systemic inequities.
Conclusion: Social isolation amplified HF behaviours in neurodivergent adults. Disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic access emphasise the need for equity-focused interventions. Tailored strategies addressing environmental stressors and systemic barriers are crucial to supporting underserved neurodivergent populations, particularly during crises.
Macronutrient Utilization After Short-term Fasting in Older and Younger Men and Women, a Pilot Study
Authors: Wang San , Tsay Rita , Zhang Danya , Cunha Daniel , Fukagawa Naomi
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: While older people are more prone than younger people to periods of involuntary fasting, systematic assessment of all the three major sources of macronutrient mobilization and oxidation in the same individual older participants during short-term periods of fasting has not been previously reported. Because aging is associated with many metabolic, hormonal, and body composition changes, older humans may have different kinetics of utilization of macronutrient stores during fasting than younger ones. This pilot study aimed to generate exploratory data to test this hypothesis.
Methods/Subjects: We examined four groups of five participants each in this study, women and men, and older and younger subjects. We measured body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and studied the effects of a 12-hour and a 36-hour fast on protein mobilization, lipolysis, and glucose output (substrate rates of appearance, using stable isotope tracers), as well as macronutrient oxidation.
Results: The older participants had a greater percent body fat. Respiratory exchange ratios (RER) decreased with the longer fast. In a linear mixed model analysis of the metabolic data, age was not significant as a fixed effect when added to the model, except for glycerol rate of appearance and leucine oxidation rate.
Conclusions: The effects of age and sex on mobilization and oxidation of macronutrient stores, as assessed with stable isotope tracers and indirect calorimetry, were small compared to the large overall effect of a 36-hour fast, suggesting that the macronutrient metabolic switching of older people with fasting is similar to that of younger people.
Radiographic Anatomy and Clinical Value of Modified Corner Approach in Interlaminar Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
Authors: Zhan Sizheng , Ma Haoning , Wang Yuming , Yi Ping , Tang Xiangsheng
Published: February 2025

Objective
To explore the imaging anatomical characteristics and clinical value of the modified corner approach targeting the intersection of S1 superior endplate and facet joint.
Method
The CT and MRI data of 100 patients were used to measure the distance between the target and the dura sac, pedicle, L5 nerve and S1 nerve. The learning curve of IELD surgery based on modified corner approach was determined by prospectively collecting data from 80 patients with IELD.
Results
The average distance between the target and the dura sac was 4.59 ± 1.74mm. The average distance between the target and the inferior border of the L5 nerve was 10.14 ± 1.72mm, rang from 7.52–13.54 mm. The average distance between the target and the outer edge of the S1 nerve was 0.51 ± 0.91mm, rang from − 0.12 ~ 2mm. The average distance between the target and the inner edge of S1 pedicle was 3.77 ± 1.04mm. The distance between the target and the dura sac and the inner edge of the pedicle is mainly affected by the age of the patient.
Conclusion
The modified corner approach is a simple, safe and repeatable surgical approach with the intersection of the superior endplate and facet joint as the puncture target. For patients without or with mild facet joint degeneration, the puncture target can be appropriately moved inward by 2mm.
Water management strategies during cold starts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells: insights from operando synchrotron X-ray imaging
Authors: Yoshimune Wataru , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Kato Akihiko , Matsuoka Yoriko , Kato Satoru
Published: February 2025

Due to the vapor-liquid-ice phase transitions, polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) encounter significant challenges during cold starts. This study employs operando synchrotron X-ray computed tomography to visualize water distribution in PEFCs during cold starts, where temperature fluctuations surpass the freezing threshold of 0°C. The results suggest a potential risk of condensation due to a circulating coolant system in fuel cell stacks during cold starts, which can adversely affect cold start performance. By comparing transient water saturation across PEFC components, we find that flooding near the cathode catalyst layer is most detrimental to fuel cell operation. These findings provide insights into the interplay between water distribution and cold start performance, underscoring the necessity of optimized water management strategies for next-generation fuel cell electric vehicles.
Dirac spin liquid as an “unnecessary” quantum critical point on square lattice antiferromagnets
Authors: Zhang Yunchao , Song Xue-Yang , Senthil Todadri
Published: February 2025

Quantum spin liquids are exotic phases of quantum matter especially pertinent to many modern condensed matter systems. Dirac spin liquids (DSLs) are a class of gapless quantum spin liquids that do not have a quasi-particle description and are potentially realized in a wide variety of spin 1/21/2 magnetic systems on 2d2d lattices. In particular, the DSL in square lattice spin-1/21/2 magnets is described at low energies by (2+1)d(2+1)d quantum electrodynamics with N_f=4Nf=4 flavors of massless Dirac fermions minimally coupled to an emergent U(1)U(1) gauge field. The existence of a relevant, symmetry-allowed monopole perturbation renders the DSL on the square lattice intrinsically unstable. We argue that the DSL describes a stable continuous phase transition within the familiar Neel phase (or within the Valence Bond Solid (VBS) phase). In other words, the DSL is an ``unnecessary’’ quantum critical point within a single phase of matter. Our result offers a novel view of the square lattice DSL in that the critical spin liquid can exist within either the Neel or VBS state itself, and does not require leaving these conventional states.