bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on influence of geometric characteristics of cracks on HAM coupling transfer and thermal performance of multi-layer cellular concrete wall
Authors: Wei Jiashuai , Yu Shui , Zhou Xiaoting
Published: September 2022

The effect of concrete cracks on the evaluation of the thermal performance of walls has not been effectively considered within the assessment of the thermal and hygroscopic performance of buildings. Based on the dual permeability model, a conjugate method is proposed to reconstruct the PDE equation of unsaturated porous materials with cracks. The reliability of the model is verified from three angles: the heat-moisture coupling benchmark of matrix material, the analytical solution of two-dimensional single fracture heat flow coupling problem and the moisture absorption problem of unsaturated cracks. The reliability of the model is verified from three perspectives: the benchmark of thermal and hygroscopic coupling of matrix materials, the analytical solution to the two-dimensional single-break thermal flow coupling problem, and the hygroscopic problem of unsaturated cracks. The effect of heat and moisture transfer in cracked concrete was quantified by detailed modeling of cracks in terms of the probability of over-penetration, crack roughness, crack density, length, and angle of a two-dimensional discrete crack network, showing that cracks contribute to moisture transfer. This is followed by a 10 day experimental simulation of the meteorological environment, comparing the quantities of moisture accumulation, thermal performance, internal surface temperature and humidity within the fractured and non-fractured wall structures, illustrating the potential adverse effects of cracks on thermal performance and moisture transfer in walls under characteristic conditions. Finally, the necessity of applying moisture-proof layer to the damaged wall is demonstrated by comparing the results before and after the application of the moisture-proof layer.
Impact of NAFLD on clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib: an international cohort study
Authors: Howell Jessica , Samani Amit , Mannan Binish , Hajiev Saur , Motedayen Aval Leila , Abdelmalak Rebecca , Tam Vincent C. , Bettinger Dominik , Thimme Robert , Taddei Tamar H. , Kaplan David E. , Seidensticker Max , Sharma Rohini
Published: September 2022

Background:

The impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on overall survival (OS), treatment response and toxicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib is unknown. We examined the impact of NAFLD on survival and toxicity in an international cohort of patients receiving sorafenib.

Methods:

Clinical and demographic data were collected from patients consecutively treated at specialist centres in Europe and North America. The impact of NAFLD on OS, sorafenib-specific survival and toxicity compared with other aetiologies of liver disease using multivariable Cox-proportional hazards and logistic regression modelling was assessed.

Results:

A total of 5201 patients received sorafenib; 183 (3.6%) had NAFLD-associated HCC. NAFLD-associated HCC patients were more likely to be older women (median age 65.8 versus 63.0 years, p < 0.01 and 10.4% versus 2.3%, < 0.01), with a median body mass index (BMI) of 29.4. After controlling for known prognostic factors, no difference in OS in patients with or without NAFLD was observed [hazard ratio (HR): 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–1.18, p = 0.98]. NAFLD-associated patients had more advanced stage HCC when they commenced sorafenib [Barcelona Clinic Liver Class (BCLC) C/D 70.9% versus 58.9%, p < 0.01] and were more likely to be commenced on a lower starting dose of sorafenib (51.4 versus 36.4%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in sorafenib-specific survival between NAFLD and other aetiologies (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.79–1.17, p = 0.96). Adverse events were similar between NAFLD and non-NAFLD HCC groups, including rates of greater than grade 2 hypertension (6.3% versus 5.8%, p = 1.00).

Conclusion:

Survival in HCC does not appear to be influenced by the presence of NAFLD. NAFLD-associated HCC derive similar clinical benefit from sorafenib compared with other aetiologies.
The Effectiveness of a Formative Play-Based Mathematics Assessment in Supporting the Early Childhood Intentional Pedagogue
Authors: Grimmond Joanne , Neilsen-Hewett Cathrine , Howard Steven J
Published: September 2022

Recent research suggests there is a lacking presence of assessment and its role in informing intentional teaching in the practice of play-based pedagogy. Formative assessment can be effectively embedded in pedagogy when practitioners are geared with practical tools that can be implemented within naturalistic settings. In recent times, there has been growing recognition of the importance of mathematics learning in early childhood education as foundational for later learning. This newly developed assessment – the Numeracy and Mathematics Block-Based Assessment ( NUMBBA) – aims to embed formative assessment practice within multiple pedagogies for play and learning. The results from the qualitative component of a larger mixed-methods study examined how this validated tool was used by 16 early childhood educators. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews revealed shifts in educators’ knowledge of mathematics, perceptions of children’s abilities, attitudes towards mathematics and assessment, and approaches to intentional mathematical pedagogy and practice
Sex Differences in Glomerular Protein Expression and Effects of Soy-Based Diet on Podocyte Signaling
Authors: Mahesaniya Afreeda , Williamson Casey R. , Keyvani Chahi Ava , Martin Claire E. , Mitro Alexander E. , Lu Peihua , New Laura A. , Watson Katrina L. , Moorehead Roger A. , Jones Nina
Published: September 2022

Background:

Kidney disease is a major public health issue arising from loss of glomerular podocyte function, and there are considerable sex differences in its prognosis. Evidence suggests a renoprotective effect of estrogen and soy diet-derived phytoestrogens, although the molecular basis for this is poorly understood.

Objective:

Here, we aim to assess sex differences in expression of key proteins associated with podocyte survival and determine the effects of dietary soy on glomerular and podocyte signaling.

Methods:

Male and female FVB mice were fed control, low (1%), and high (20%) doses of isolated soy protein (ISP) in utero and until 100 days of age. Spot urine was collected to measure proteinuria and isolated glomeruli were used to quantify activated and total levels of nephrin, Akt, and ERK1/2. To investigate protective effects of specific soy phytoestrogens, cultured podocytes were treated with or without daidzein and subject to control or high glucose as a model of podocyte injury.

Results:

Nephrin and Akt were elevated at baseline in glomeruli from females compared to males. Both sexes that were fed 1% and 20% ISP displayed robust increases in total glomerular Akt compared to controls, and these effects were more prominent in females. A similar trend at both doses in both sexes was observed with activated Akt and total nephrin. Notably, males exclusively showed increased phosphorylation of nephrin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) at the 1% ISP dose; however, no overt changes in urinary albumin excretion or podocin levels were observed, suggesting that the soy diets did not impair podocyte function. Finally, in cultured male and female podocytes, daidzein treatment suppressed high glucose-induced ERK activation.

Conclusions:

Together, our findings reveal a putative mechanism to explain the protective influence of sex on kidney disease progression, and they provide further evidence to support a beneficial role for dietary soy in preserving glomerular function.
Lack of alternative: Chinese first-time mothers’ construction of social support network of online secondary groups
Authors: Xin Wenjuan
Published: September 2022

Background

As a result of rapid modernization and the long-term implementation of One Child Policy, Chinese first-time mothers’ primary child-raising social support network is gradually shrinking. At the same time, the social support system for child raising is still very incomplete. Therefore, Chinese first-time mothers generally face great pressure.

Objective

This paper aims to understand Chinese first-time mothers’ construction of social support network of online secondary groups.

Methods

This paper employs a qualitative research method, with semi-structured interviews with 23 participants, two focus groups and observations conducted in nine online child-raising communities.

Results

Based on the principle of instrumental rationality first-time mothers use various strategies to join different types of online communities and their online social support network is always the dynamic changing. The online social support network is a supplementary channel in which first-time mothers can obtain both instrumental and emotional support. But communication risks and ethical issues remain, such as information exchange interfered by commercial capital, widespread anxiety and superficial social relationships.

Conclusions

Online social support network is an alternative for Chinese first-time mothers and they urgently need a more well-rounded social support network system with government leading and multiple subjects participating in it.
The effect of a silver hydrogel sheet dressing on postsurgical incision healing after foot and ankle surgery
Authors: Miner Samantha A , Lee Jonathan , Protzman Nicole M , Brigido Stephen A
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Silver hydrogel dressings are antimicrobial dressings with the potential to aid post-surgical healing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of a silver hydrogel dressing on postoperative scarring and complications.

Methods

40 foot and ankle patients (48.43 ± 16.82 years) were included in the study with 20 patients in each group. Postoperatively, the treatment group was treated with a silver hydrogel sheet dressing, and the control group was treated with a standard petroleum-based dressing. Follow-up was performed at two, six, and 12 weeks. Postoperative scarring and complications were evaluated and compared between groups. Scarring was evaluated using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Scar length and width were measured using digital calipers and used to compute scar area.

Results

The treatment group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the POSAS observer score and observer opinion at six and 12 weeks ( p < 0.001). Additionally, patient reported pain was significantly lower for the treatment group than the control group at 12 weeks ( p < 0.001). Patient reported itch declined across time for both groups ( p < 0.001) with significantly less itching reported by the treatment group ( p = 0.027). Scar area was also significantly lower for the treatment group than the control group at six weeks and 12 weeks ( p ≤ 0.002). Neither group experienced any postoperative complications.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the inherent properties of the silver hydrogel dressing may improve postsurgical scarring.

Lay Summary

Surgical incisions result in scar, which can present both cosmetic and rehabilitation concerns after foot or ankle surgery. It is standard to use a petroleum-based dressing on incisions after surgery, however, advancements in incisional dressings have been made over the past 20 years. One such advancement is silver-impregnated hydrogel sheet dressings which have been shown to maintain a moist wound environment conducive to healing, while decreasing the chance of infection through its antimicrobial properties. This paper evaluates scar healing after foot or ankle surgery in patients treated with either the standard petroleum-based dressing, or the silver hydrogel sheet dressing. Patients who were treated with the silver hydrogel dressing had less itching and pain, as well as a smaller scar area than patients in the standard dressing group. Therefore, our results suggest that the silver hydrogel dressing may improve scarring after surgery.
Philanthrocapitalism and the State: Mapping the Rise of Venture Philanthropy in Public Education in Australia
Authors: Rowe Emma E.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This article maps the rise of venture philanthropy in public education in Australia, exploring how policy networks mobilize high-level systemic reform and governance technologies. This is philanthrocapitalism, a fundamental shift for policy mobility and modes of redistribution.

Design/Approach/Methods

Drawing upon network ethnography, I focus on a node called Social Ventures Australia (SVA), an organization committed to revolutionizing venture philanthropy in Australian education reform. SVA, the brainchild of McKinsey & Company and multinational corporations, is a useful example to map how venture philanthropy leverages resources and, in the process, fundamentally changes the shape, functionality, and form of traditional government.

Findings

SVA has successfully advocated for several intermediaries, such as an evidence broker (Evidence for Learning), a national charity (Schools Plus), and a national education research institute (Australian Education Research Organisation). Overlapping philanthropy and state, the intermediaries stand as a critical assemblage and technology of governance.

Originality/Value

Venture philanthropy and the way in which these networks achieve high-level systemic reform is under-researched in Australia. It stands as a critical lever of policy reform in public education. This article will scrutinize and map the way these networks mobilize reform and function as an identifiable form of economic exchange.
Evaluation of Health Care Disparities in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Does Race and Insurance Matter?
Authors: Farrow Lutul D. , Scarcella Michael J. , Wentt Christa L. ,   Cleveland Clinic OME Sports Medicine, Jones Morgan H. , Spindler Kurt P. , Briskin Isaac , Leo Brian M. , McCoy Brett W. , Miniaci Anthony A. , Parker Richard D. , Rosneck James T. , Sabo Frank M. , Saluan Paul M. , Serna Alfred , Stearns Kim L. , Strnad Gregory J. , Williams James S.
Published: September 2022

Background:

It is unknown whether race- or insurance-based disparities in health care exist regarding baseline knee pain, knee function, complete meniscal tear, or articular cartilage damage in patients who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Hypothesis:

Black patients and patients with Medicaid evaluated for ACLR would have worse baseline knee pain, worse knee function, and greater odds of having a complete meniscal tear.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A cohort of patients (N = 1463; 81% White, 14% Black, 5% Other race; median age, 22 years) who underwent ACLR between February 2015 and December 2018 was selected from an institutional database. Patients who underwent concomitant procedures and patients of undisclosed race or self-pay status were excluded. The associations of race with preoperative Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Pain subscale, KOOS Function subscale, and intraoperatively assessed complete meniscal tear (tear that extended through both the superior and the inferior meniscal surfaces) were determined via multivariate modeling with adjustment for age, sex, insurance status, years of education, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), meniscal tear location, and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey Mental Component Score (VR-12 MCS).

Results:

The 3 factors most strongly associated with worse KOOS Pain and KOOS Function were lower VR-12 MCS score, increased BMI, and increased age. Except for age, the other two factors had an unequal distribution between Black and White patients. Univariate analysis demonstrated equal baseline median KOOS Pain scores (Black, 72.2; White, 72.2) and KOOS Function scores (Black, 68.2; White, 68.2). After adjusting for confounding variables, there was no significant difference between Black and White patients in KOOS Pain, KOOS Function, or complete meniscal tears. Insurance status was not a significant predictor of KOOS Pain, KOOS Function, or complete meniscal tear.

Conclusion:

There were clinically significant differences between Black and White patients evaluated for ACLR. After accounting for confounding factors, no difference was observed between Black and White patients in knee pain, knee function, or complete meniscal tear. Insurance was not a clinically significant predictor of knee pain, knee function, or complete meniscal tear.
Risk Factors Affecting Return to Sports and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy in Active Patients
Authors: Katagiri Hiroki , Shioda Mikio , Nakagawa Yusuke , Ohara Toshiyuki , Ozeki Nobutake , Nakamura Tomomasa , Sekiya Ichiro , Koga Hideyuki
Published: September 2022

Background:

Although opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is favored for active patients who expect to return to sports, there is still a lack of robust evidence for factors affecting their recovery.

Purpose:

To identify (1) risk factors leading to a decreased level of return to preoperative sports after OWHTO and (2) patient characteristics and intraoperative factors influencing patient-reported outcomes after return to sports.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included were 69 patients who underwent OWHTO and who expected to return to their preoperative level of sports, measured as a Tegner activity level ≥2. All included patients had a minimum of 1 year of follow-up data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of independent variables on the level of return to preoperative sports after surgery; the independent variables were age, sex, body mass index, preoperative Tegner score, preoperative Kellgren-Lawrence grade, preoperative percentage of mechanical axis (%MA), opening gap width, concomitant meniscal treatment, postoperative %MA, postoperative medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and postoperative posterior tibial slope. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess for influencing factors on postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores in patients who were able to return to sports.

Results:

Of the 69 patients, 51 (73.9%) returned to sports after OWHTO. High preoperative Tegner scores were statistically associated with a decrease in return to sports (odds ratio, 1.494; P = .033). Multiple regression analysis (n = 46 patients) identified that a higher postoperative MPTA was associated with a decreased IKDC subjective score after return to sports ( r = –0.345; P = .019).

Conclusion:

Higher postoperative MPTA was associated with the worsening of patient-reported outcomes among those patients who did return to their preoperative sports after OWHTO. Also, participation in high-activity sports was confirmed to be a significant risk factor for a decreased rate of return to preoperative sports. These findings can support preoperative planning and intraoperative decision making, particularly for active patients.
Evaluation of Radiographic Changes 5 Years After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Furuhata Ryogo , Matsumura Noboru , Matsuo Tomoki , Kimura Hiroo , Suzuki Taku , Nakamura Masaya , Iwamoto Takuji
Published: September 2022

Background:

Radiographic changes in the glenohumeral joint often occur after rotator cuff repair; however, the details of the progression and underlying causes remain unknown.

Purpose:

To retrospectively evaluate the timing and frequency of radiographic changes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and to clarify the predictive factors that affect the onset of such changes using multivariate analysis.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with 5 years of follow-up after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and evaluated the postoperative shift in radiographic findings on plain radiographs every year during follow-up. Factors related to osteoarthritis, acromial spur re-formation, and greater tuberosity resorption at 5 years after surgery were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Explanatory variables included preoperative factors, intraoperative factors, and postoperative retear. Baseline variables significant in the univariate analyses were included in the multivariate models.

Results:

Of the 100 patients, 12 developed osteoarthritis, 26 developed acromial spur formation, and 16 developed greater tuberosity resorption at 5 years after surgery. The incidence and grade of osteoarthritis and acromial spur gradually increased over time postoperatively. On the other hand, greater tuberosity resorption developed within 2 years after surgery but did not progress later. Multivariate analysis showed that a larger anteroposterior tear size (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17; P = .037) was a risk factor for postoperative osteoarthritis. Early retear (OR, 10.26; 95% CI, 1.03-102.40; P = .047) was a risk factor for acromial spur re-formation. Roughness of the greater tuberosity (OR, 9.07; 95% CI, 1.13-72.82; P = .038) and larger number of suture anchors (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.66-6.74; P = .001) were risk factors for greater tuberosity resorption.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that radiographic changes occurred in 40% of patients within 5 years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. While the osteoarthritic changes and acromial spur re-formation gradually progressed postoperatively, the greater tuberosity resorption stopped within 2 years after surgery. Tear size, morphology of the greater tuberosity, and the number of suture anchors can affect radiographic changes. Furthermore, this study suggested that acromial spur re-formation may be an indicator of early retears.
Resisting Racist Discourses with Research Methods, Active Learning, and Storytelling
Authors: Dueñas Maria D. , Crowell Amber R.
Published: September 2022

This article contributes to building anti-racist teaching resources in the scholarship of teaching and learning in sociology. We developed an active learning-based project in which students conduct and analyze an interview with someone they are close to on how their family discussed racial discourses during their childhoods. Using Latinx Critical Race Theory as a framework and through qualitative analyses of student assignments, we found that the course project developed students’ critical consciousness by helping them evaluate how biographies are shaped by race, racism, and racial discourses and identify how racism and resistance manifest in family life through storytelling.
Complications and Functional Outcome Following Operative Treatment of Talus Neck and Body Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wijers Olivier , Posthuma Jelle J. , Engelmann Esmee W. M. , Schepers Tim
Published: September 2022

Background:

Central talar fractures are rare and often associated with impaired functional outcome. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and management of talus fractures, complications rates remain high and functional outcome is generally poor. This study aims to provide an overview of complication rates and functional outcome following operative treatment of talar neck and body fractures. This may help in clinical decision making by improving patients’ expectation management and tailored treatment strategies.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was conducted of studies published from January 2000 to July 2021 reporting functional outcome and/or complications following operative treatment of talar neck, body, or combined neck and body fractures. Keywords used were (Talar fracture) or (Talus fracture). Data on complication rates and functional outcome was extracted from selected articles.

Results:

A total of 28 articles were included in our analysis reporting 1086 operative treated talar fractures (755 neck [70%], 227 body fractures [21%], and 104 combined body and neck fractures [9%]). The mean follow-up was 48 (range 4-192) months. Complications occurred frequently with; 6% surgical site infection, 8% nonunion, 29% avascular necrosis, 64% osteoarthritis, and in 16% a secondary arthrodesis was necessary. A wide variety in functional outcome was reported; however, there seems to be a correlation between fracture classification and postoperative complications.

Conclusion:

Operative treatment of central talar fractures is associated with a high incidence of early and late complications and often leads to an impaired functional outcome. Standardization of talar fracture classification and scoring systems in combination with large sample-sized prospective studies are warranted to detect further predictive factors influencing tailormade treatment strategies and patient expectation management.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, Systematic review of case series and case-control studies.
Histological Spectrum of Post Covid Debridement Tissues: Salient Histomorphological Features With Respect to Identification Fungal Elements
Authors: Agarwal Preeti , Dubey Devanshi Brajesh , Kumar Madhu , Verma Pratima , Mishra Menka , Rawat Shalini , Singh Damini , Verma Virendra , Garg Ravindra Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background:

Secondary bacterial and fungal infections in COVID patients have been documented during current pandemic. The present study provides detailed account of histomorphology of debridement tissue received for suspected fungal infections. The primary objective was to determine the morphological characteristics that must be recognized for the identification of fungal hyphae.

Methods:

The detailed histological examination of debridement tissue was performed. Demographic and clinical findings with treatment provided was recorded. Presence or absence of necrosis and lecocytoclasis was noted.

Results:

A total of 110 cases of debrided tissues were included in the study. Eosinophilic granular necrosis with lecocytoclasis was observed in 103cases; fungal elements were identified in 89.3% (92/103) of these. Eleven cases where necrosis was observed, strong suspicion of fungus was reported, 6 of them displayed fungus on KOH preparation, 3 on repeat biopsy. However, in 2 of these cases, neither KOH nor repeat biopsies identified the fungus. Mucor with aspergillus was observed in 7 cases and actinomyces in 3. In all these 10 cases dense fungal colonies were evident. In 7 cases careful observation revealed fruiting bodies of aspergillus. Cotton ball appearance of actinomyces was evident. Mucor infection in current disease was so rampant that aseptate ribbon like branching mucor hyphae were evident on H&E sections. Diabetes was significantly associated with fungal infection (97.2%; 70/72; P < .005). 90% [19/21] of the patients who were on room air and diagnosed with fungal infection were diabetic.

Conclusions:

Eosinophilic granular necrosis with the presence of neutrophilic debris in a case of suspected fungal disease suggests the presence of fungal elements. This warrants processing of the entire tissue deposited for examination, careful observation, application of fungal stains, and repeat biopsy if clinical suspicion is strong. Moreover, uncontrolled diabetes is more frequently associated with secondary fungal infection in COVID patients as compared to oxygen therapy.
Representation and diversity in the sign language translation and interpreting profession in the United Kingdom
Authors: Napier Jemina , Skinner Robert , Adam Robert , Stone Christopher , Pratt Sandra , Hinton Daniel P , Obasi Chijioke
Published: September 2022

This article reports the findings of a nationwide sign language translator and interpreter (SLTI) census to establish a baseline description of the United Kingdom’s SLTI workforce that was commissioned by the Association of Sign Language Interpreters UK. Complete responses were received from 690 practitioners from across the United Kingdom (43% of the potential sample). The survey responses were analysed using the SPSS statistical software, specifically to look at various intersectional characteristics concerning gender, age, sexuality, race, and ethnicity. This article provides an overview of the findings with respect to two key themes: representation and diversity in the profession, along with discussion of the profile of the SLTI profession in the United Kingdom, and recommendations for actions for key stakeholder organisations. As a first snapshot, this census functions as a baseline for future comparisons, and can be modified and improved through open dialogue with professional and community groups. This snapshot helps us to identify gaps in representation. Finally, it can also inform the planning and forecasting of recruitment needs for the workforce and highlight any education and training needs.
Long-term follow-up of telehealth-enabled behavioral treatment for challenging behaviors in boys with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Hall Scott S. , Rodriguez Arlette Bujanda , Jo Booil , Pollard Joy S.
Published: September 2022

Background

A significant proportion of boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common known genetic cause of intellectual disability, exhibit challenging behaviors such as aggression and self-injury that can cause significant distress to families. Recent evidence suggests that coaching caregivers to implement functional communication training (FCT) with their child via telehealth can help to ameliorate these behaviors in FXS. In the present study, we followed families who had participated in our previous randomized controlled trial of FCT to evaluate the longer-term effects of FCT on challenging behaviors in this population.

Methods

In study 1, follow-up emails, phone calls, text messages, and letters were sent to caregivers of 48 boys with FXS who had completed our previous study conducted between 2016 and 2019. The main outcome measures administered at follow-up were the Aberrant Behavior Checklist–Community (ABC-C) and the Parenting Stress Index, 4th Edition (PSI-4). In study 2, families who had received FCT treatment but whose child exhibited challenging behaviors daily at follow-up received a 1-h parent training booster session to determine whether the intervention effect could be recovered.

Results

Sixteen (66.7%) of 24 families who had received FCT treatment and 18 (75.0%) of 24 families who had received treatment as usual were traced and consented between March and August 2021. The mean follow-up time was 3.1 years (range, 1.4 to 4.2 years). Longitudinal mixed effects analyses indicated that boys who had received FCT were more likely to show improvements on the irritability and lethargy/social withdrawal subscales of the ABC-C over the follow-up interval compared to boys who had continued with treatment as usual. Four of the six boys who had received the booster parent training session via telehealth were reported to exhibit fewer forms of challenging behavior at a 4-week follow-up.

Conclusions

Empowering parents to implement behavior analytic treatments with their child in their own home can have durable effects on maintaining low levels of challenging behaviors in boys with FXS. These data further support the need to implement parent-mediated interventions for challenging behaviors in this population at an early age.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03510156. Registered 27 April 2018
Small protein complex prediction algorithm based on protein–protein interaction network segmentation
Authors: Lyu Jiaqing , Yao Zhen , Liang Bing , Liu Yiwei , Zhang Yijia
Published: September 2022

Background

Identifying protein complexes from protein-protein interaction network is one of significant tasks in the postgenome era. Protein complexes, none of which exceeds 10 in size play an irreplaceable role in life activities and are also a hotspot of scientific research, such as PSD-95, CD44, PKM2 and BRD4. And in MIPS, CYC2008, SGD, Aloy and TAP06 datasets, the proportion of small protein complexes is over 75%. But up to now, protein complex identification methods do not perform well in the field of small protein complexes.

Results

In this paper, we propose a novel method, called BOPS. It is a three-step procedure. Firstly, it calculates the balanced weights to replace the original weights. Secondly, it divides the graphs larger than MAXP until the original PPIN is divided into small PPINs. Thirdly, it enumerates the connected subset of each small PPINs, identifies potential protein complexes based on cohesion and removes those that are similar.

Conclusions

In four yeast PPINs, experimental results have shown that BOPS has an improvement of about 5% compared with the SOTA model. In addition, we constructed a weighted Homo sapiens PPIN based on STRINGdb and BioGRID, and BOPS gets the best result in it. These results give new insights into the identification of small protein complexes, and the weighted Homo sapiens PPIN provides more data for related research.
The rhizosphere bacterial community contributes to the nutritional competitive advantage of weedy rice over cultivated rice in paddy soil
Authors: Wu Yue , Sun Jian , Yu Pengcheng , Zhang Weiliang , Lin Youze , Ma Dianrong
Published: September 2022

Background

Weedy rice competes for nutrients and living space with cultivated rice, which results in serious reductions in rice production. The rhizosphere bacterial community plays an important role in nutrient competition between species. It is therefore important to clarify the differences in the diversities of the inter rhizosphere bacterial community between cultivated rice and weedy rice. The differences in compositions and co-occurrence networks of the rhizosphere bacterial community of cultivated rice and weedy rice are largely unknown and thus the aim of our study.

Results

In our study, the different rhizosphere bacterial community structures in weedy rice (AW), cultivated rice (AY) and cultivated rice surrounded by weedy rice (WY) were determined based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the WY rhizosphere was enriched with unique types of microorganisms belonging to Burkholderia. The rhizosphere bacterial community showed differences in relative abundance among the three groups. Network analysis revealed a more complex co-occurrence network structure in the rhizosphere bacterial community of AW than in those of AY and WY due to a higher degree of Microbacteriaceae and Micrococcaceae in the network. Both network analysis and functional predictions reveal that weedy rice contamination dramatically impacts the iron respiration of the rhizosphere bacterial community of cultivated rice.

Conclusions

Our study shows that there are many differences in the rhizosphere bacterial community of weedy rice and cultivated rice. When cultivated rice was disturbed by weedy rice, the rhizosphere bacterial community and co-occurrence network also changed. The above differences tend to lead to a nutritional competitive advantage for weedy rice in paddy soils.
The hidden burden of medical testing: public views and experiences of COVID-19 testing as a social and ethical process
Authors: Street Alice , Lee Shona J. , Bevan Imogen
Published: September 2022

Background

In May 2020, the Scottish Government launched Test and Protect, a test, trace and isolate programme for COVID-19 that includes a PCR testing component. The programme’s success depended on the willingness of members of the public to seek out testing when they experienced symptoms and to comply with guidelines on isolation should they test positive. Drawing on qualitative interview-based research, this paper analyses public understandings, expectations, and experiences of COVID-19 testing during the early stages of the programme. ﻿Through anthropological and sociological analysis of the findings we aim to contribute to social understandings of COVID-19 testing practices; and to inform the design of population level testing programmes for future pandemics.

Methods

Between 7 July and 24 September 2020, 70 semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of the general public (aged 19–85) living in the Lothian region of Scotland. Interviews were held online or by telephone, were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis informed by anthropological and sociological theories of medical testing.

Findings

Social relationships and ethical considerations shape testing practices at every stage of the testing process. Members of the public viewed testing as a civic duty to society and moral duty to friends, family, and colleagues. However, the testing process also placed a significant social, economic, and practical burden on the individual and sometimes generated competing obligations. Many participants experienced a disconnect between the government’s portrayal of testing as easy and the everyday burden of testing.

Conclusions

COVID-19 testing is experienced as a social process shaped by multiple relationships and ethical considerations. The full burden of testing should be considered in the design of future testing programmes.
Accurate prediction of microvascular invasion occurrence and effective prognostic estimation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical surgical treatment
Authors: Xiong Yuling , Cao Peng , Lei Xiaohua , Tang Weiping , Ding Chengming , Qi Shuo , Chen Guodong
Published: September 2022

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 18%, which may be related to tumor microvascular invasion (MVI). This study aimed to compare the clinical prognosis of HCC patients with or without MVI after radical surgical treatment, and further analyze the preoperative risk factors related to MVI to promote the development of a new treatment strategy for HCC.

Methods

According to the postoperative pathological diagnosis of MVI, 160 study patients undergoing radical hepatectomy were divided into an MVI-negative group (n = 68) and an MVI-positive group (n = 92). The clinical outcomes and prognosis were compared between the two groups, and then the parameters were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to construct an MVI prediction model. Then, the practicability and validity of the model were evaluated, and the clinical prognosis of different MVI risk groups was subsequently compared.

Result

There were no significant differences between the MVI-negative and MVI-positive groups in clinical baseline, hematological, or imaging data. Additionally, the clinical outcome comparison between the two groups presented no significant differences except for the pathological grading (P = 0.002) and survival and recurrence rates after surgery (P < 0.001). The MVI prediction model, based on preoperative AFP, tumor diameter, and TNM stage, presented superior predictive efficacy (AUC = 0.7997) and good practicability (high H-L goodness of fit, P = 0.231). Compared with the MVI high-risk group, the patients in the MVI low-risk group had a higher survival rate (P = 0.002) and a lower recurrence rate (P = 0.004).

Conclusion

MVI is an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis after radical resection of HCC. The MVI prediction model, consisting of AFP, tumor diameter, and TNM stage, exhibits superior predictive efficacy and strong clinical practicability for MVI prediction and prognostication, which provides a new therapeutic strategy for the standardized treatment of HCC patients.
Metabolic differences in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cai Wang-Yu , Luo Xi , Wu Wei , Song Jianyuan , Xie Ning-Ning , Duan Cuicui , Wu Xiao-Ke , Xu Jian
Published: September 2022

Objective

This review aimed to investigate the metabolic profile of women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) compared relative to women with normal ovarian functioning.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science for observational studies published up until the 6thof July 2021 that compared the metabolic profile of POI women with a healthy control group were assessed. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using the fixed or random effect models.

Results

A total of 21 studies involving 1573 women with POI and 1762 control women were included. POI patients presented significantly higher waist circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. Additionally, POI patients had marginally higher insulin level. However, the differences in systolic, and diastolic blood pressure were non-significant relative to the control group.

Conclusions

POI is associated with alterations in certain metabolic parameters compared to control women. This finding highlights the importance of early screening and the lifelong management of metabolic health for women with POI.
Comparing two advance care planning conversation activities to motivate advance directive completion in underserved communities across the USA: The Project Talk Trial study protocol for a cluster, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Van Scoy Lauren J. , Levi Benjamin H. , Bramble Cindy , Calo William , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Currin Lindsey , Grant Denise , Hollenbeak Christopher , Katsaros Maria , Marlin Sara , Scott Allison M. , Tucci Amy , VanDyke Erika , Wasserman Emily , Witt Pamela , Green Michael J.
Published: September 2022

Background

Advance care planning (ACP) is a process involving conversations between patients, loved ones, and healthcare providers that consider patient preferences for the types of medical therapies received at the end of life. Underserved populations, including Black, Hispanic, rural, and low-income communities are less likely to engage in ACP than other communities, a health inequity that results in lower-quality care and reduced hospice utilization. The purpose of this trial is to compare efficacy of two interventions intended to motivate ACP (particularly advance directive completion) for those living in underserved communities.

Methods

This 3-armed cluster, randomized controlled mixed methods design is being conducted in 75 community venues in underserved communities across the USA. The goal of the trial is to compare the efficacy of two interventions at motivating ACP. Arm 1 uses an end-of-life conversation game (Hello); Arm 2 uses a nationally utilized workshop format for ACP conversations (The Conversation Project); and Arm 3 uses an attention control game (TableTopics). Events are held in partnership with 75 local community-based host organizations and will involve 1500 participants (n=20 per event). The primary outcome is completion of a visually verified advance directive at 6 months post-event. Primary analyses compare efficacy of each intervention to each other and the control arm. Secondary mixed methods outcomes include (a) other ACP behaviors and engagement; (b) communication quality; (c) impact of sociocultural environment on ACP (via qualitative interviews); and (d) implementation and sustainability. Subgroup analyses examine outcomes for Black, Hispanic, and rural groups in particular.

Discussion

This trial will add to the evidence base behind various conversational ACP interventions, examine potential mechanisms of action for such interventions, and provide qualitative data to better understand the sociocultural environment of how community-based ACP interventions are experienced by underserved populations. Results will also provide important data for future researchers to learn whether visual verification of advance directives is necessary or whether reliance on self-reported outcomes is of comparable value. Data from this study will inform ways to effectively motivate underserved communities to participate in advance care planning.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04612738. Registered on October 12, 2020. All information from the WHO Trial Registration Data Set can be found within the protocol.
Increasing the effectiveness of psychotherapy in routine care through blended therapy with transdiagnostic online modules (PsyTOM): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schaeuffele Carmen , Heinrich Manuel , Behr Solveig , Fenski Friederike , Hammelrath Leona , Zagorscak Pavle , Jansen Alessa , Pohl Steffi , Boettcher Johanna , Knaevelsrud Christine
Published: September 2022

Background

In blended therapy, face-to-face psychotherapy and Internet-based interventions are combined. Blended therapy may be advantageous for patients and psychotherapists. However, most blended interventions focus on cognitive behavioral therapy or single disorders, making them less suitable for routine care settings.

Methods

In a randomized controlled trial, we will compare blended therapy and face-to-face therapy in routine care. We intend to randomize 1152 patients nested in 231 psychotherapists in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the blended therapy group will receive access to a therapeuticonlineintervention (TONI). TONI contains 12 transdiagnostic online modules suited for psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, and systemic therapy. Psychotherapists decide which modules to assign and how to integrate TONI components into the psychotherapeutic process to tailor treatment to their patients’ specific needs. We will assess patients at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months. Patients enrolled early in the trial will also complete assessments at 12 months. The primary outcomes are depression and anxiety at 6-month post-randomization, as measured by PHQ-8 and GAD-7. The secondary outcomes include satisfaction with life, level of functioning, personality traits and functioning, eating pathology, sexual problems, alcohol/drug use, satisfaction with treatment, negative effects, and mental health care utilization. In addition, we will collect several potential moderators and mediators, including therapeutic alliance, agency, and self-efficacy. Psychotherapists will also report on changes in symptom severity and therapeutic alliance. Qualitative interviews with psychotherapists and patients will shed light on the barriers and benefits of the blended intervention. Furthermore, we will assess significant others of enrolled patients in a sub-study.

Discussion

The integration of online modules which use a common therapeutic language and address therapeutic principles shared across therapeutic approaches into regular psychotherapy has the potential to improve the effectiveness of psychotherapy and transfer it into everyday life as well help save therapists’ resources and close treatment gaps. A modular and transdiagnostic setup of the blended intervention also enables psychotherapists to tailor their treatment optimally to the needs of their patients.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00028536. Registered on 07.06.2022.