bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governing Through (An Exclusive) Community: Limitations of State Conceptualisations of ‘the Community’ in Domestic Violence Policies
Authors: Kuskoff Ella , Clarke Andrew , Parsell Cameron
Published: August 2022

In response to growing evidence that cultural values and behaviours are key drivers of men’s use of domestic violence against women, states across the globe are increasingly implementing prevention policies aimed at mobilising cultural change within the community. Through an examination of one Australian state’s recent and significant domestic violence policy reform, we demonstrate that, although state-led efforts to change community culture hold merit, they can also be undermined by exclusive constructions of the community. As a result, efforts to change community culture exclude the very group whose values and behaviours are most problematic: men who perpetrate domestic violence. We argue that broadening conceptualisations of community is of critical importance for policies seeking to change community culture. Such conceptualisations must necessarily include men who perpetrate domestic violence, as theirs are the values and behaviours that most urgently require change.
Peripubertal soy isoflavone consumption leads to subclinical hypothyroidism in male Wistar rats
Authors: Dal Forno Gonzalo Ogliari , Oliveira Isabela Medeiros , Cavallin Mônica Degraf , Santos Thalita Iaroczinski Alves , Sleiman Hanan Khaled , Falbo Margarete Kimie , Romano Marco Aurélio , Romano Renata Marino
Published: August 2022

Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during critical windows of development may lead to functional abnormalities in adulthood. Isoflavones are a flavonoid group of phytoestrogens that are recognized by their estrogenic activity and are highly abundant in soybean. Since the thyroid gland presents estrogen receptors and infants, toddlers and teenagers may consume isoflavones from soy-based infant formula and beverages as alternatives to animal milk, we propose to investigate the potential effects of relevant concentrations of soy isoflavones in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary (HP) thyroid axis using peripubertal male rats as an experimental model. Thirty-two 23-day-old male rats were exposed to 0.5, 5, or 50 mg of soy isoflavones/kg from weaning to 60 days of age, when they were euthanized, and the tissues were collected to evaluate the mRNA expression of genes involved in the regulation of the HP thyroid axis and dosages of thyroid hormones (THs). Serum TSH concentrations were increased, while alterations were not observed in serum concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Regarding mRNA gene expression,Mct-8was increased in the hypothalamus,Mct-8,Thra1, andThrb2were decreased in the pituitary, andNisandPdswere reduced in the thyroid. In the heart,Mct8andThrb2were increased, andThra1was decreased. In the liver,Mct8,Thra1, andThrb2were decreased. These results suggest that the consumption of relevant doses of soy isoflavones during the peripubertal period in males may induce subclinical hypothyroidism, with alterations in the regulation of the HP thyroid axis, modulation of TH synthesis, and peripheral alterations in TH target organs.
The Contribution of Local Anthropogenic Emissions to Air Pollutants in Lhasa on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Shuqing , Wang Weiwen , Li Minglu , Mao Jingying , Ma Nan , Liu Junwen , Bai Zhixuan , Zhou Luxi , Wang Xuemei , Bian Jianchun , Yu Pengfei
Published: August 2022

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), a region with limited human activity, is sensitive to regional and global climate change. In recent decades, surface observations have shown that concentrations of air pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, and PM2.5) in Lhasa, a city on the TP, are similar to those in regions with high anthropogenic emissions (e.g., Eastern China). This study utilized the WRF‐Chem model and observational datasets to evaluate the concentrations and sources of air pollutants in Lhasa during August 2016. Our results show that the WRF‐Chem model with the standard emission inventory underestimated the surface concentrations of CO, SO2, and PM2.5 in Lhasa from 3 August 2016, 0:00 to 15 August 2016, 23:00 (UTC +8) by 59%, 92%, and 79%, respectively. Sensitivity simulations show that the contribution of long‐range transport of air pollutants from Eastern China and India is less than 10% for Lhasa. Insufficient emissions are found to be the main reason for the model's underestimation of air pollutants in Lhasa. Our study suggests that the emissions of CO, SO2, and PM2.5 in Lhasa in August 2016 might be underestimated by 85%, 93%, and 88%, respectively. Local anthropogenic emissions have a significant impact on urban air quality on the TP and deserve further attention.
Brighter Skies Ahead
Authors: Goss Heather
Published: August 2022

As solar max approaches, new tech is on call.
Magnetosheath Filamentary Structures Driven by Foreshock Energetic Ions
Authors: Wei Xinhua , Cai Chunlin , Yang Junying , Ma Yuduan
Published: August 2022

Previous simulation studies have revealed the formation of magnetosheath filamentary structures by foreshock energetic ions. We report Cluster and Double Star observations of three such events triggered by a foreshock bubble, a hot flow anomaly and a traveling foreshock, respectively. In each case, in association with the onset of foreshock energetic ions, the magnetosheath energetic ion fluxes have quasi‐periodic modifications. Their azimuthal and pitch angular distributions indicate that these populations flow into the magnetosheath along the magnetic field lines. As a result, filamentary plasma structures form and display as a series of ion density and pressure oscillations anticorrelated to temperature oscillations. Moreover, our statistical analyses of their properties show that filamentary structures primarily form in the magnetosheath with the magnetic field lines connecting to the quasi‐parallel bow shock and under favorable formation conditions similar to those of foreshock transients. The distributions of the angles between the filamentary structure normals and the local magnetic field directions peak at 80°–90°. The transverse sizes of those filaments are in the range of 0.2–1.6 RE. Magnetosheath filamentary structures are often associated with large‐amplitude ion density and temperature perturbations comparable to the unperturbed background levels.
Modeling Equatorial F‐Region Ionospheric Instability Using a Regional Ionospheric Irregularity Model and WAM‐IPE
Authors: Hysell D. L. , Fang T. W. , Fuller‐Rowell T. J.
Published: August 2022

This paper uses a regional simulation of plasma convective instability in the postsunset equatorial ionosphere together with a global atmosphere/ionosphere/plasmasphere GCM (WAM‐IPE) to forecast irregularities associated with equatorial spread F (ESF) for 1–2 hr after sunset. First, the regional simulation is initialized and forced using ionosphere state parameters derived from campaign data from the Jicamarca Radio Observatory and from empirical models. The irregularities produced by these simulations are found to be quantitatively similar to those observed. Next, the aforementioned state parameters are replaced with parameters from WAM‐IPE, and the resulting departures between the simulated and observed irregularities are noted. In one of five cases, the forecast failed to accurately predict ESF irregularities due to the late reversal of the zonal thermospheric winds. In four of five cases, significant differences between the observed and predicted prereversal enhancement (PRE) of the background vertical drifts resulted in degraded forecast accuracy. This highlights the need for improved PRE forecasting in the global‐scale model.
The Global Monsoon Convective System as Reflected in Upper Atmosphere Gravity Waves
Authors: Forbes Jeffrey M. , Ern Manfred , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: August 2022

The concept of a global monsoon system collectively comprising 6 tropical regions is applied to Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) as a proxy for convectively generated gravity waves (GWs), leading to the global monsoon convective system (GMCS). The six tropical regions are North and South Africa, Central and South America, and the South Asia‐Pacific and Malay Archipelago/Australia‐Pacific regions. The extended GMCS is considered in terms of gravity wave momentum fluxes (GWMFs) at 30, 50, 70, and 90 km altitude during the summer season in both hemispheres between December 2016, and August 2020. The GWMFs are inferred from TIMED/SABER temperature measurements. Intermonthly, interseasonal, and interannual variations in monthly mean GWMFs are interpreted in terms of OLR as a proxy for the spatial‐temporal variability of GW sources, and in terms of MERRA2 zonal winds that quantify the influences of changes in background propagation conditions. It is found that temporal variations in GWMFs associated with the GMCS as a whole are not highly correlated with OLR, but at 30, 50, and 70 km are quantitatively linked to Doppler‐shifting effects by local winds, wind filtering at 15 km altitude, and “instrument filtering.” These effects are also compared and examined in the context of GW variances at 50 km in Southern Hemisphere summer measured by the CIPS instrument on the AIM satellite, which measures a different part of the GW spectrum. The SABER GWMF response at 90 km is irregular and variable, but sometimes consists of 3‐ and 4‐peaked structures in longitude that may reflect nonmigrating tide influences on GW propagation conditions.
Homogeneous Freezing Events Sampled in the Tropical Tropopause Layer
Authors: Jensen E. J. , Diskin G. S. , DiGangi J. , Woods S. , Lawson R. P. , Bui T. V.
Published: August 2022

High‐frequency (20 Hz) aircraft measurements of tropical tropopause layer (TTL) cirrus and humidity are used to examine recent homogeneous freezing ice nucleation events. Several localized regions with peak ice concentrations greater than 10 cm−3 are documented. These high ice concentrations are almost certainly generated by homogeneous freezing of aqueous aerosols. The high‐frequency data reveals considerable structure in the cloud properties and humidity at along‐track scales as short as 8.5 m. Simulations of vapor depletion by growing ice crystals are used to assess the time since nucleation in these high ice concentration patches. Comparisons between observed and simulated dependence of supersaturation on ice concentration indicate the nucleation events occurred within minutes (sometimes only a few minutes) of the aircraft sampling. The infrequency and short ages of the events suggest that the high ice concentrations do not persist for long times, but they may still be important for TTL cirrus microphysical properties by providing a source of ice crystals that can lead to extensive, persistent clouds with lower ice concentrations. We have also used the extensive TTL measurements provided by the high‐altitude aircraft campaigns to evaluate the threshold supersaturation for homogeneous freezing. Peak supersaturations observed are consistent with recent laboratory experiments indicating that ice saturation ratios of about 1.75–1.95 are required for homogeneous freezing of aqueous aerosols at temperatures of 185–200 K.
Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Zou Ying , Dowell Caleb , Ferdousi Banafsheh , Lyons Larry R. , Liu Jiang
Published: August 2022

Forecasting geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) remains a difficult challenge, and open questions hindering our understanding include when and where GICs become large and what magnetospheric and ionospheric processes are responsible. This paper addresses these questions by determining the auroral drivers of large dB∕dt (>100 nT/min, a proxy for GICs) on the ground during geomagnetic storms. We study auroras because, although the current system driving dB∕dt is at times challenging to reconstruct, the accompanying auroras are routinely measured in high resolution. For various types of auroras, our community has already acquired a deep understanding of the driving mechanisms and spatiotemporal characteristics. Using coordinated observations from THEMIS and Geophysical Institute Magnetometer Array magnetometers and THEMIS all‐sky imagers, we statistically examine large dB∕dt intervals during storms from 2015 to 2016. A variety of auroral drivers have been identified, including poleward expanding auroral bulges, auroral streamers, poleward boundary intensifications, omega bands, pulsating auroras, etc. The onset, spatial variability, and duration of large dB/dt are well explained by those of the auroras. For example, poleward expanding auroral bulges drive large dB/dt that spread progressively poleward, and periodic injections of streamers drive large dB/dt that occur in periodic bursts. By referring to the magnetospheric source of the auroras, the magnetospheric source of large dB/dt can be inferred, whether it be dipolarization of the tail magnetic field, bursty bulk flows, instability, or wave‐particle interaction. Our results suggest that auroras can exert significant leverage on GIC research and forecast.
Ammonia promotes the proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the Akt/mTOR/S6k pathway
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Xiangxian , Wang Wei , Liu Ting , Ren Jun , Chen Siyuan , Lu Tianqi , Tie Yan , Yuan Xia , Mo Fei , Yang Jingyun , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei
Published: August 2022

Ammonia plays an important role in cellular metabolism. However, ammonia is considered a toxic product. In bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, multipotent stem cells with high expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) in bone marrow, ammonia and glutamate can be converted to glutamine via glutamine synthetase activity to support the proliferation of MSCs. As a major nutritional amino acid for biosynthesis, glutamine can activate the Akt/mTOR/S6k pathway to stimulate cell proliferation. The activation of mTOR can promote cell entry into S phase, thereby enhancing DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Our studies demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells can convert the toxic waste product ammonia into nutritional glutamine via GS activity. Then, the Akt/mTOR/S6k pathway is activated to promote bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. These results suggest a new therapeutic strategy and potential target for the treatment of diseases involving hyperammonemia.
Migraine classification by machine learning with functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the mental arithmetic task
Authors: Chen Wei-Ta , Hsieh Cing-Yan , Liu Yao-Hong , Cheong Pou-Leng , Wang Yi-Min , Sun Chia-Wei
Published: August 2022

Migraine is a common and complex neurovascular disorder. Clinically, the diagnosis of migraine mainly relies on scales, but the degree of pain is too subjective to be a reliable indicator. It is even more difficult to diagnose the medication-overuse headache, which can only be evaluated by whether the symptom is improved after the medication adjustment. Therefore, an objective migraine classification system to assist doctors in making a more accurate diagnosis is needed. In this research, 13 healthy subjects (HC), 9 chronic migraine subjects (CM), and 12 medication-overuse headache subjects (MOH) were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to observe the change of the hemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the mental arithmetic task (MAT). Our model shows the sensitivity and specificity of CM are 100% and 75%, and that of MOH is 75% and 100%.The results of the classification of the three groups prove that fNIRS combines with machine learning is feasible for the migraine classification.
A biomechanical-based approach to scale blast-induced molecular changes in the brain
Authors: Rubio Jose E. , Subramaniam Dhananjay Radhakrishnan , Unnikrishnan Ginu , Sajja Venkata Siva Sai Sujith , Van Albert Stephen , Rossetti Franco , Frock Andrew , Nguyen Giang , Sundaramurthy Aravind , Long Joseph B. , Reifman Jaques
Published: August 2022

Animal studies provide valuable insights on how the interaction of blast waves with the head may injure the brain. However, there is no acceptable methodology to scale the findings from animals to humans. Here, we propose an experimental/computational approach to project observed blast-induced molecular changes in the rat brain to the human brain. Using a shock tube, we exposed rats to a range of blast overpressures (BOPs) and used a high-fidelity computational model of a rat head to correlate predicted biomechanical responses with measured changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in rat brain tissues. Our analyses revealed correlates between model-predicted strain rate and measured GFAP changes in three brain regions. Using these correlates and a high-fidelity computational model of a human head, we determined the equivalent BOPs in rats and in humans that induced similar strain rates across the two species. We used the equivalent BOPs to project the measured GFAP changes in the rat brain to the human. Our results suggest that, relative to the rat, the human requires an exposure to a blast wave of a higher magnitude to elicit similar brain-tissue responses. Our proposed methodology could assist in the development of safety guidelines for blast exposure.
Numerical simulation of 3D Darcy–Forchheimer fluid flow with the energy and mass transfer over an irregular permeable surface
Authors: Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Alrihieli Haifaa F. , Saeed Anwar , Alduais Fuad S. , Hayat Asif Ullah , Kumam Poom
Published: August 2022

The Jeffrey fluid model is capable of accurately characterizing the stress relaxation behavior of non-Newtonian fluids, which a normal viscous fluid model is unable to perform. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive investigation into the effects of MHD and thermal radiation on the 3D Jeffery fluid flow over a permeable irregular stretching surface. The consequences of the Darcy effect, variable thickness and chemical reaction are also considered. The phenomena have been modeled as a nonlinear system of PDEs. Using similarity substitution, the modeled equations are reduced to a dimensionless system of ODEs. The parametric continuation method (PCM) is used to determine the numerical solution to the obtained sets of nonlinear differential equations. The impact of physical parameters on temperature, velocity and mass profiles are presented through Figures and Tables. It has been noticed that the energy profile magnifies with the increment of porosity term, thermal radiation and heat source term, while diminishing with the flourishing upshot of power index and Deborah number. Furthermore, the porosity term and wall thickness parameter enhance the skin friction.
X-ray attenuation of bone, soft and adipose tissue in CT from 70 to 140 kV and comparison with 3D printable additive manufacturing materials
Authors: Ma Xiangjie , Figl Michael , Unger Ewald , Buschmann Martin , Homolka Peter
Published: August 2022

Additive manufacturing and 3D printing are widely used in medical imaging to produce phantoms for image quality optimization, imaging protocol definition, comparison of image quality between different imaging systems, dosimetry, and quality control. Anthropomorphic phantoms mimic tissues and contrasts in real patients with regard to X-ray attenuation, as well as dependence on X-ray spectra. If used with different X-ray energies, or to optimize the spectrum for a certain procedure, the energy dependence of the attenuation must replicate the corresponding energy dependence of the tissues mimicked, or at least be similar. In the latter case the materials’ Hounsfield values need to be known exactly to allow to correct contrast and contrast to noise ratios accordingly for different beam energies. Fresh bovine and porcine tissues including soft and adipose tissues, and hard tissues from soft spongious bone to cortical bone were scanned at different energies, and reference values of attenuation in Hounsfield units (HU) determined. Mathematical model equations describing CT number dependence on kV for bones of arbitrary density, and for adipose tissues are derived. These data can be used to select appropriate phantom constituents, compare CT values with arbitrary phantom materials, and calculate correction factors for phantoms consisting of materials with an energy dependence different to the tissues. Using data on a wide number of additive manufacturing and 3D printing materials, CT numbers and their energy dependence were compared to those of the tissues. Two commercially available printing filaments containing calcium carbonate powder imitate bone tissues with high accuracy at all kV values. Average adipose tissue can be duplicated by several off-the-shelf printing polymers. Since suitable printing materials typically exhibit a too high density for the desired attenuation of especially soft tissues, controlled density reduction by underfilling might improve tissue equivalence.
Insulin sensitivity is associated with the observed variation of de novo lipid synthesis and body composition in finishing pigs
Authors: Salgado Hector Hernando , Pomar Candido , Palin Marie-France , Lapierre Hélène , Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre , Cant John P. , Remus Aline
Published: August 2022

Variations in body composition among pigs can be associated with insulin sensitivity given the insulin anabolic effect. The study objectives were to characterize this association and to compare de novo lipogenesis and the gene expression in the adipose tissue of pigs of the same genetic background. Thirty 30–95 kg of body weight (BW) pigs, catheterized in the jugular vein participated into an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.75 g glucose/kg of BW) to calculate insulin-related indexes. The 8 fattest and the 8 leanest pigs were used to determine the relative mRNA abundance of studied genes. The rate of lipogenesis was assessed by incorporation of [U-13C]glucose into lipids. The QUICKI and Matsuda indexes negatively correlated with total body lipids (r =  − 0.67 and r =  − 0.59; P < 0.01) and de novo lipogenesis (r =  − 0.58; P < 0.01). Fat pigs had a higher expression level of lipogenic enzymes (ACACA, ACLY; P < 0.05) than lean pigs. The reduced insulin sensitivity in fat pigs was associated with a higher expression level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and a lower expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). In conclusion, pigs with increased body lipids have lower insulin sensitivity which is associated with increased de novo lipogenesis.
A shared numerical magnitude representation evidenced by the distance effect in frequency-tagging EEG
Authors: Marlair Cathy , Crollen Virginie , Lochy Aliette
Published: August 2022

Humans can effortlessly abstract numerical information from various codes and contexts. However, whether the access to the underlying magnitude information relies on common or distinct brain representations remains highly debated. Here, we recorded electrophysiological responses to periodic variation of numerosity (every five items) occurring in rapid streams of numbers presented at 6 Hz in randomly varying codes—Arabic digits, number words, canonical dot patterns and finger configurations. Results demonstrated that numerical information was abstracted and generalized over the different representation codes by revealing clear discrimination responses (at 1.2 Hz) of the deviant numerosity from the base numerosity, recorded over parieto-occipital electrodes. Crucially, and supporting the claim that discrimination responses reflected magnitude processing, the presentation of a deviant numerosity distant from the base (e.g., base “2” and deviant “8”) elicited larger right-hemispheric responses than the presentation of a close deviant numerosity (e.g., base “2” and deviant “3”). This finding nicely represents the neural signature of the distance effect, an interpretation further reinforced by the clear correlation with individuals’ behavioral performance in an independent numerical comparison task. Our results therefore provide for the first time unambiguously a reliable and specific neural marker of a magnitude representation that is shared among several numerical codes.
EpICC: A Bayesian neural network model with uncertainty correction for a more accurate classification of cancer
Authors: Joshi Prasoon , Dhar Riddhiman
Published: August 2022

Accurate classification of cancers into their types and subtypes holds the key for choosing the right treatment strategy and can greatly impact patient well-being. However, existence of large-scale variations in the molecular processes driving even a single type of cancer can make accurate classification a challenging problem. Therefore, improved and robust methods for classification are absolutely critical. Although deep learning-based methods for cancer classification have been proposed earlier, they all provide point estimates for predictions without any measure of confidence and thus, can fall short in real-world applications where key decisions are to be made based on the predictions of the classifier. Here we report a Bayesian neural network-based model for classification of cancer types as well as sub-types from transcriptomic data. This model reported a measure of confidence with each prediction through analysis of epistemic uncertainty. We incorporated an uncertainty correction step with the Bayesian network-based model to greatly enhance prediction accuracy of cancer types (> 97% accuracy) and sub-types (> 80%). Our work suggests that reporting uncertainty measure with each classification can enable more accurate and informed decision-making that can be highly valuable in clinical settings.
Resonant signals in the lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling
Authors: Chen Chieh-Hung , Sun Yang-Yi , Zhang Xuemin , Gao Yongxin , Wang Fei , Lin Kai , Tang Chi‑Chia , Huang Rong , Xu Rui , Liu Jing , Wang Yali , Chen Cong
Published: August 2022

A study in the lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere (LAI) coupling often troubles scientists due to a certain distance between distinct instruments, which monitor geophysical parameters in different spheres. An instrumental system was established in southwest China (Leshan; LESH) for monitoring vibrations and perturbations in LAI (MVP-LAI). A ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver at the YADU station locates ~ 260 km away that continuously receives electromagnetic signals transmitted from the BeiDou navigation System (BDS) geostationary satellites to monitor the total electron content (TEC) at the ionospheric pierce point right over the MVP-LAI system. The employment of YADU TEC benefits in elimination of possible shaking effects happening on multiple instruments at the LESH station and mitigation the troubles due to the discrepancy in observation places. Through a stacking process on the retrieved data for increase of signal to noise ratios, a novel phenomenon of the resonant LAI coupling at a fundamental mode of ~ 3.4 mHz and its multiples persists in ground vibrations, atmospheric pressure and TEC retrieved from the MVP-LAI system and the YADU station. The retrieved data share frequencies during the operational period of 1.5 months that is irrelevant to obvious events in the lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere. The persistence of the resonant LAI coupling is essential in the Earth’s system.
Near-digital amplification in paper improves sensitivity and speed in biplexed reactions
Authors: Shah Kamal G. , Kumar Sujatha , Yager Paul
Published: August 2022

The simplest point-of-care assays are usually paper and plastic devices that detect proteins or nucleic acids at low cost and minimal user steps, albeit with poor limits of detection. Digital assays improve limits of detection and analyte quantification by splitting a sample across many wells (or droplets), preventing diffusion, and performing analyte amplification and detection in multiple small wells. However, truly digital nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) require costly consumable cartridges that are precisely manufactured, aligned, and operated to enable low detection limits. In this study, we demonstrate how to implement near-digital NAATs in low-cost porous media while approaching the low limits of detection of digital assays. The near-digital NAAT was enabled by a paper membrane containing lyophilized amplification reagents that automatically, passively meters and distributes a sample over a wide area. Performing a NAAT in the paper membrane while allowing diffusion captures many of the benefits of digital NAATs if the pad is imaged at a high spatial resolution during amplification. We show that the near-digital NAAT is compatible with a low-cost paper and plastic disposable cartridge coupled to a 2-layer rigid printed circuit board heater (the MD NAAT platform). We also demonstrate compatibility with biplexing and imaging with mobile phones with different camera sensors. We show that the near-digital NAAT increased signal-to-noise ratios by ~ 10×, improved limits of detection from above 103 copies of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genomic DNA to between 100 and 316 copies in a biplexed reaction containing 105 copies of co-amplifying internal amplification control DNA, and reduced time-to-result from 45 min of amplification to 15–20 min for the positive samples.
Rheology of electromagnetohydrodynamic tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over a stretching riga surface featuring dufour effect and activation energy
Authors: Asogwa Kanayo Kenneth , Goud B. Shankar , Shah Nehad Ali , Yook Se-Jin
Published: August 2022

The present model deals with the consequence of Dufour, activation energy, and generation of heat on electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of hyperbolic tangent nanofluid via a stretching sheet. This offers a broad significance in several engineering fields. With adequate similarity variables, the regulating governing equations of PDEs are renovated into nonlinear ODEs. The numerical output of the produced ordinary differential equations is conducted with MATLAB bvp4c. The influence of increasing features on temperature, velocity, concentration patterns, drag force coefficient, Sherwood number and Nusselt number is depicted graphically and numerically. Hence, the resultant conclusions are confirmed utilising contrast with earlier output. Interestingly, the activation energy retards the nanofluid's tangential hyperbolic concentration distribution and the rise in temperature of the hyperbolic tangential nanofluid flow is traceable to an increase in the Dufour effect, However, the electromagnetohydrodynamic variable increases the velocity distribution, which influences the Power law index. Conclusively, the rate of heat transfer is inhibited when the thermophoresis parameter, heat source and the Weissenberg number are enhanced.
Porous metal–organic frameworks for hydrogen storage
Authors: Zhao Dian , Wang Xinxin , Yue Lianglan , He Yabing , Chen Banglin
Published: August 2022

This article reviews the recent progress in the use of metal–organic frameworks as solid absorbents for hydrogen storage, and their current challenges and future prospects.
High rate capability achieved by reducing the miscibility gap of Na4−xMnV(PO4)3
Authors: Tang Ao , Lin Weiguang , Xiao Dongdong , Shang Chaoqun , Yan Min , Zhang Zhanhui , Aifantis Katerina , Hu Pu
Published: August 2022

Reducing the grain size to the nanoscale enables fast kinetics and rate capability due to narrowing the miscibility gap of Na4−xMnV(PO4)3, which effectively suppresses the phase transformation of materials during the electrochemical process.
Hypervalent-iodine promoted selective cleavage of C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds in ethers
Authors: Wang Yaxin , He Qin , Cao Zehui , Wang Peng , Chen Gong , Beller Matthias
Published: August 2022

A visible-light-promoted and radical-mediated strategy for the site-specific cleavage of C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds in ethers is reported.
Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative [2 + 3] cyclocarbonylation reactions of [60]fullerene: selective synthesis of [60]fullerene-fused 3-vinylcyclopentan-4-ones and cyclopentane-4-carbaldehydes
Authors: Liu Tong-Xin , Zhang Chuanjie , Zhang Pengling , Wang Xin , Ma Jinliang , Zhang Guisheng
Published: August 2022

A new palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative strategy has been developed toward direct cyclocarbonylation of [60]fullerene, selectively furnishing novel [60]fullerene-fused 3-vinylcyclopentan-4-ones and cyclopentane-4-carbaldehydes.
Synthesis of the extracellular domain of GLP-1R by chemical and biotechnological approaches
Authors: Szolomajer János , Stráner Pál , Kele Zoltán , Tóth Gábor K. , Perczel András
Published: August 2022

A 10–15 kDa, 3-disulfide-bridges containing protein domain is obtained by SPPS and is expressed in E. coli.
A smartphone-interfaced, low-cost colorimetry biosensor for selective detection of bronchiectasisviaan artificial neural network
Authors: Sha Mizaj Shabil , Maurya Muni Raj , Chowdhury Muhammad E. H. , Muthalif Asan G. A. , Al-Maadeed Somaya , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar
Published: August 2022

Detection of bronchiectasis from exhaled breath.
MWCNT modified Ni–Fe LDH/BiVO4 heterojunction: boosted visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical aptasensor for ofloxacin detection
Authors: Qi Xuejun , Tao Shuyan
Published: August 2022

Schematic presentation of photoelectrochemical aptasensor based on MWCNT/LDH/BiVO4 for the determination of ofloxacin (OFL).
A novel resin cement to improve bonding interface durability
Authors: He Xi , Yu Shiyang , Wang Huimin , Tian Zilu , Zhang Jiahui , Zhao Ying , Gong Haihuan , Shi Zuosen , Cui Zhanchen , Zhu Song
Published: August 2022

Bonding failure is one of the main causes of failure of dental restorations.
Polyoxometalate-doped electrospun nanofiber mats as active catalysts for the production of clean fuels under solvent-free systems
Authors: Mirante Fátima , Salimian Maryam , Marques Paula A. A. P. , Granadeiro Carlos M. , Balula Salete S.
Published: August 2022

Production of electrospun nanofiber mats with P(VDF-TrFE) and ionic liquid–PMo12 with remarkable efficiency and recyclability in simultaneous catalytic ODS/ODN of fuels.
Reduced water activity in co-solvent electrolyte enables 2 V zinc-ion hybrid capacitors with prolonged stability and high energy density
Authors: Khosrozadeh Ali , Chang Miao , Vahdatkhah Parisa , Liu Jian , Voznyy Oleksandr
Published: August 2022

Water/acetonitrile hybrid electrolyte facilitates dendrite-free Zn plating and allows bypassing cathodic challenge associated with aqueous electrolytes by mitigating water deprotonation.
Ru-doping induced lattice strain in hetero-phase Ni2P–Ni12P5arrays enables simultaneous efficient energy-saving hydrogen generation and formate electrosynthesis
Authors: Xu You , Liu Tiantian , Shi Keke , Yu Hongjie , Deng Kai , Wang Xin , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: August 2022

The synergism of the hetero-phase Ni2P–Ni12P5interface effect and Ru-doping induced strain effect in Ru–NixPy/N–C hybrid arrays enabled simultaneous H2generation and formate electrosynthesis.
Simultaneously increased discharged energy density and efficiency in bilayer-structured nanocomposites with AgNbO3 lead-free antiferroelectric nanofillers
Authors: Jiang Ying , Luo Zhangmeng , Huang Yue , Shen Meng , Huang Haitao , Jiang Shenglin , He Yunbin , Zhang Qingfeng
Published: August 2022

PI–AgNbO3 NPs/P(VDF-HFP) bilayer nanocomposites possess slim D–E loops, large Eb, and high Dmax, thus displaying simultaneously a large Ue of 13.77 J cm−3 and high η of 86.87%.
A multicolor tunable fiber with core–multishell structure by electroluminescence-thermochromic mixing
Authors: Zou Jiahao , Xie Xinyi , Zhou Zhe , Dong Xuemei , Wu Yueyue , Zhang Dengfeng , Wang Min , Chen Chen , Xiu Fei , Liu Juqing
Published: August 2022

A multicolor tunable fiber is realized by synergistically controlling the electroluminescence and thermochromic process.
Multi‐zonal method for cascading failure analyses in large interconnected power systems
Authors: Stankovski Andrej , Gjorgiev Blazhe , Sansavini Giovanni
Published: August 2022

Most cascading failure analysis methods successfully capture cascading developments within one control zone, or region comprised of multiple control zones, controlled by a single transmission system operator (TSO). They neglect, however, the operations of multi‐zonal systems. To bridge this gap, the authors introduce the multi‐zonal method for cascading failure analyses of large interconnected power systems. The method accounts for all control zones in a multi‐zonal system, assesses their power flows, re‐evaluates the system topology after disturbances and applies frequency balancing measures in each control zone independently, thus effectively simulating the actions of multiple TSOs. To demonstrate the capabilities of this method, a case study is investigated which compares the security benefits of the multi‐zonal (national) versus the single‐zone (regional) frequency balancing methods in a multi‐zonal system. The application to the IEEE 118‐bus test system shows that the regional approach increases the security of this system in small and medium cascades, whose expected demand not served is reduced by 28% and 26%, respectively, in comparison to the national approach. However, the expected load shedding for large‐scale cascading events in the regional approach is 42 times as large as in the national approach. This is mainly caused by overloads occurring in transmission lines adjacent to the cross‐zonal tie lines, which are 154% higher with the regional method compared to the national in large cascading events. The capability to identify congestions is presented by devising an upgrading strategy, which makes the regional frequency balancing approach viable from a security aspect.
An infrared image detection of power equipment based on super‐resolution reconstruction and YOLOv4
Authors: Wu Junpeng , Li Xianglei , Zhou Yibo
Published: August 2022

Infrared imaging technology is widely used in the fault diagnosis of power equipment. The power equipment images obtained by infrared thermal cameras generally have the characteristics of low resolution, low contrast, similar geometric features, and complex image backgrounds. The traditional infrared image detection methods have problems of low detection accuracy, low real‐time performance, and missed and fault detection, all of which will lead to great difficulties in the automatic identification process of infrared images of power equipment. This paper adopted an algorithm based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) v4 to realize the detection of electrical equipment under infrared images. First of all, the authors utilized the Fast Super‐Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (FSRCNN) algorithm to perform super‐resolution reconstruction on the infrared images of power equipment to achieve image enhancement. Moreover, the lightweight network Mobilenetv3 was selected as the backbone network of YOLOv4 to improve the running speed by reducing network parameters. Finally, the performance of the YOLOv4 algorithm was compared to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper. The experimental results showed that the proposed method had strong generalization ability and reliable detection of infrared targets of various types of power equipment, with the mean average precision (mAP) reaching 91.3%.
The Definition and Application of Entropy
Authors: Tse Hei Tat
Published: August 2022

As entropy is more widely used in various fields, the physical concept of entropy has become more and more important. The topic studied in this paper is the definition and application of entropy. The conclusions of this paper were drawn by analyzing papers on entropy research. This paper summarizes and sorts out the concept of entropy in the history of physics and its multi-dimensional application through literature analysis and comparison with the research of scholars in related fields. The significance of this paper is to popularize the concept of entropy and the application of entropy to the general public. The conclusion of the study is that entropy is an extremely important concept for many fields, including economic, biological and cultural fields.
The Analysis on the Principle and Advantages of Blade Battery of BYD -- A Domestic New Energy Manufacturer
Authors: Yu Gongzheng
Published: August 2022

Human development has accelerated the consumption of resources, and the lack of energy is a problem that human beings have to face. With the progress of science and technology and the development of the economy, and the launch of electric vehicles from various manufacturers, the technology and safety of batteries are the most concerned issues [1]. As a new battery product, blade battery has gradually improved its competitiveness at home and even abroad. How do its raw materials, cells, modules, management system and safety design stand out among many manufacturers are of great importance [2]. By studying some advantages of blade batteries, it can further infiltrate some BYD technologies into other battery manufacturers and finally, achieve common technological progress. By comparing examples and using research data, this paper studies BYD’s blade batteries and batteries of other manufacturers. Through research, people can find that BYD’s blade battery does have obvious advantages over other manufacturers in technology and safety. However, the temperature control of the battery can be further improved.
SD-WAN for Bandwidth and Delay Improvements on the Internet
Authors: Qin Zheyang
Published: August 2022

Advancement in applications and operational situations place stringent demands on longdistance data transmission, forcing network operators to rethink how they construct wide area networks [1]. Wide-area network improvement that is indicated by software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) has been lauded as the most promising next-generation wide-area network design. SD-WAN is able to monitor and manage connection links adaptively based on application requirements [2]. This paper will discuss the newly emerging SD-WAN architecture for the implementation of the Internet. A thorough comparison and challenges that WAN faced before SD-WAN was also discussed to further prove the current features and its benefits. Handling any information accessible over the aspect and exploiting 5G transport for those important applications that demand amazingly low latency and huge bandwidths, SD-WAN will provide a smooth shift for the energy industry to an entire 5G connection [3], also will promote the development of the society.
RELU-Function and Derived Function Review
Authors: Bai Yuhan
Published: August 2022

The activation function plays an important role in training and improving performance in deep neural networks (dnn). The rectified linear unit (relu) function provides the necessary non-linear properties in the deep neural network (dnn). However, few papers sort out and compare various relu activation functions. Most of the paper focuses on the efficiency and accuracy of certain activation functions used by the model, but does not pay attention to the nature and differences of these activation functions. Therefore, this paper attempts to organize the RELU-function and derived function in this paper. And compared the accuracy of different relu functions (and its derivative functions) under the Mnist data set. From the experimental point of view, the relu function performs the best, and the selu and elu functions perform poorly.
Predictive Simulation of Two-dimensional Flat Plate Boundary Layer Transition
Authors: Li Yunzhen
Published: August 2022

The laminar-turbulent transition is an old but still not a fully solved problem, which is mainly studied from the following aspects: (1) how the perturbation is generated and the receptivity problems (2) linear and nonlinear problems during the evolution of the perturbation (3) numerical simulation of the transition problem and the actual prediction. Considering that the power system of the vehicle is working in a low Reynolds number environment for a long time when flying at high altitudes. In this article, the research focuses on the turbulence model with the introduction of the AGS transition model is used to simulate the two-dimensional flat plate boundary layer transition in the low Reynolds number case, and to predict the transition location by combining the stability of different positions of the flow process, and to evaluate the accuracy of the transition model in comparison with other numerical simulation methods.
Analysis of Optical Satellite Communication Technology and Its Development Trend
Authors: Fu Wenyi
Published: August 2022

As the demand for information and high data transmitting rate is becoming increasingly crucial, modern communication technology has attached more significance to optical satellite communication study. This paper will mainly concentrate on the development trend of optical satellite communication technology. Firstly, this technology will be introduced with its basic system illustration and block diagram. Moreover, the key technologies will be demonstrated, including optics, signal processing, Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing (ATP) and mechanics. In the final section, a comparison between optical satellites and other communication technologies will be conducted to analyze the future tendency of satellite communication. As shown, it will be fused with 5G technology; also, it might develop in the direction of realizing terminal device miniaturization, space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) and intelligent optical satellite communication. Finally, free-space optical (FSO) communication will be of great benefit to humans, as it can bring convenience, enhance communication efficiency and boom the economy. Therefore, scientists should take optical satellite communication technology more seriously and do more research concerning it, helping people live better lives.
Review of the Method of Marnoch Heat Engine Recovering Heat from Coal-Fired Power Plants
Authors: Kong Dechang
Published: August 2022

Heat released from the stacks of coal-fired power plants is a resource that can be harnessed. This paper examines the performance of MHE in recovering useless heat from the main stack in a coal-fired power plant. The MHE units that are installed in the stack have eight (four pairs) shell and tube heat exchangers. The heat recovered by MHE is transferred to electricity and used in the coal-fired power plant. The results show that MHE is utterly useful in recovering heat from coalfired power plant. The MHE units improve the efficiency of the power plant and decrease the amount of CO2 emission, which is beneficial for environmental protection.
A Review of Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Junyi
Published: August 2022

Spiking neuron network (SNN) attaches much attention to researchers in neuromorphic engineering and brain-like computing because of its advantages in Spatio-temporal dynamics, diverse coding mechanisms, and event-driven properties. This paper is a review of SNN in order to help researchers from other areas to know and became familiar with the field of SNN or even became interested in SNN. Neuron models, coding methods, training algorithms, and neuromorphic computing platforms will be introduced in this paper. This paper analyzes the disadvantages and advantages of several kinds of neural models, coding methods, learning algorithms, and neuromorphic computing platforms, and according to these to propose some expected development, such as improving the balance between bio-mimicry and cost of computing for neuron models, compounding coding methods, unsupervised learning algorithms in SNN, and digital-analog computing platform.