A Contrastive Study on the Final Ending of Mongolian and Korean Language
Authors:   The Korean Association for Mongolian Studies, Garidjav Bayarmaa 
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the response patterns according to the meaning and function of individual termination endings by comparing the termination endings system of Korean and Mongolian. The characteristics of the system are summarized as follows by comparing the termination ending system of the two languages.
First of all, in the case of the Korean and Mongolian ending systems, there are two criteria for classifying the terminating endings in Korean: the sentence style and the Korean relative honorifics system. The ending of the Korean language ends the sentence, so the sentence style is the standard. In addition, Korean relative honorifics system becomes an important criterion because the ending end treats the opponent. On the other hand, in Mongolian, the ending is classified according to the tense and number of personal names.
Next, similarities and differences were examined in contrast to the end of Mongolian, focusing on the end of Korean. As a result, the imperative ending of Mongolian was most consistent with the ending form of each Korean relative honorifics system. In addition, in the case of the request ending, the promised ending, the permitted ending, and the boundary ending, respectively, it was Korean relative honorifics system did not appear separately and correspond to one form. In addition, when the Mongolian form of '-ya/ye/yo' indicates the speaker's will, it corresponds to the promised ending of the Korean language. When suggesting joint participation to listeners, it corresponds to the request ending of the Korean language, respectively. Looking at this, it can be seen that one morpheme represents two meanings. In the case of declarative, exclamatory, and interrogative endings, the corresponding forms are different depending on the verb and adjective. However, there are four Mongolian declarative endings corresponding to one form of Korean, and two for the interrogative endings. The final ending of the Korean language varies according to the Korean relative honorifics system, and there are these forms according to the vowel harmony rule. In addition, when conjugation it, there is a form depending on whether the previous word stem is a vowel or a consonant, so irregular use should be noted. On the other hand, in Mongolian, there is a form according to the rules of vowel harmony, but there is no form according to irregular use.
There is also an end to Mongolian that does not correspond to Korean. In other words, the Mongolian blessing origin '-tygai/tugei, hope -aasai4, -sygai/sugei, -g' does not have a termination ending corresponding to the Korean language. However, there are grammatical expressions that can correspond to each other in terms of function and meaning. In this paper, the Mongolian blessing origin ‘-tygai/tugei is corresponding to the Korean ‘-기를 바란다’ grammatical form, and the Mongolian hope ‘-aasai4’ is expressed in the Korean grammar form ‘-었/았/였으면 한다’, ‘-sygai/sugei’ as a “-m” genitive ending, and the “-g” ending is corresponding to the Korean ‘-도 좋다, -도록 하다’ grammatical forms.
There will also be linguistic significance in revealing parts that have not been made through system classification and functional contrast studies of these termination ends. In addition, it is expected to be a basic material that can be used in Korean-Mongolian translation and foreign language education.