bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formant-frequency discrimination in listeners with hearing loss: Behavioral results and neural models
Authors: Carney Laurel H. , Schwarz Douglas M. , Cameron David A. , Leong U-Cheng , McDonough Joyce M.
Published: May 2022

In responses of the healthy ear to harmonic sounds, the amplitude of f0-related fluctuations of auditory-nerve (AN) responses varies along the tonotopic axis. Neural fluctuation amplitudes encode spectral peaks, including formant frequencies of vowels, because responses of inner-hair-cells (IHCs) tuned near spectral peaks are captured (or dominated) by a single harmonic, resulting in lower fluctuation amplitudes than IHCs tuned between spectral peaks. This code is robust across a wide range of sound levels and in background noise, and is converted into a rate-place representation in the auditory midbrain, where neurons are sensitive to low-frequency fluctuations. This neural-fluctuation code is vulnerable to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), because it depends upon saturation of IHCs and the interaction of cochlear amplification with IHC transduction. We tested formant-frequency discrimination in listeners with normal hearing or mild to moderate SNHL. The difficulty of the task was modulated by varying formant bandwidth. The relationship between spectral peaks and harmonic frequencies was also varied. Formant frequencies were 600 and 2000 Hz, in the range of first and second formants of many vowels. Results were compared to predictions made using model AN and midbrain neurons, with audiograms for the individual listeners included in the peripheral model. [Work supported by NIDCD-R01-001641]
Spatiotemporally modulated reflective acoustic metasurfaces
Authors: Kang Janghoon , Haberman Michael R.
Published: May 2022

Nonreciprocal acoustic wave propagation has been the topic of intense study for nearly a decade with the objective of understanding physical requirements to increase control over propagating acoustic waves [Nassar et al., Nat. Rev. Mater. 5(9), 667–685 (2020)]. One approach to achieve non-reciprocity is deterministic spatiotemporal modulation of the material properties of the medium in which waves propagate. Achieving this modulation requires external sources of energy throughout the domain of interest, which presents a significant scientific and technical challenge. Furthermore, the non-reciprocal nature of the acoustic response is not guaranteed for finite domains and finding parameter sets of modulation amplitude, frequency, and wavenumber that lead to significant non-reciprocal behavior is non-trivial [Goldsberry et al., Phys. Rev. B 102(1), 014312 (2020)]. Input impedance modulation of finite acoustic metasurfaces (AMS) presents a more tractable technical challenge. This work considers semi-analytical and numerical modeling of modulated reflective AMS. We present parametric studies of the static input impedance profiles and modulation functions as a linear, time-varying boundary condition of an acoustic half-space. We consider static admittance profiles that are uniform, discontinuous, and continuously varying and how this may influence the effectiveness of spatiotemporal modulation in achieving performance objectives such as acoustic diffusivity.
Metamaterials to control both longitudinal and transverse waves simultaneously
Authors: Ghodake Pravinkumar R.
Published: May 2022

Mechanical metamaterials are used in various applications to control bulk wave propagation through elastic materials. Controlling both the longitudinal and transverse waves at the same time by designing a single phononic device is challenging through theoretical, computational, and experimental perspectives. Suppression of system generated second harmonics due to interaction of monochromatic longitudinal wave and during one-way two-wave mixing of two longitudinal waves by designing effective phononic material is demonstrated in previous work by the author [Ghodake, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 150, A149 (2021)]. In this talk, the design of linear periodic metamaterials which can control both the longitudinal and transverse waves, their second harmonics during propagation of monochromatic waves, and one-way two-wave mixing between longitudinal and transverse waves, is discussed by solving inverse problems using finite element analysis, effective boundary conditions, and optimization techniques. Along with the widths of periodic elastic materials, the number of repeated periodic cells (N) in a phononic lattice is defined as a design parameter. Different strong and weak contains are implemented so that in every iteration either during or after the iteration N will remain integer. A gradient-free optimization algorithm is used during constrained optimization. Strong constraint solves the inverse problem in a few minutes.
An evaluation of methods: Measuring American /aɪ/ raising
Authors: Strickler Alyssa
Published: May 2022

/aɪ/ raising (also called American raising, or the raising of /aɪ/ to /ʌɪ/ preceding voiceless consonants) occurs in many US dialects including in Fort Wayne, Indiana [Berkson et al. (2017)]. American raising has often been measured using the maximum of F1 in the diphthong as the nucleus of /a/ [e.g., Fruehwald (2016); Hualde et al. (2019)] or a timepoint at approximately 33% of the vowel as the midpoint of the first vowel of the diphthong [Berkson et al. (2017)]. Other descriptions of American raising include the measurements of the offglide as well, often approximated using the F2 maximum (e.g., Moreton and Thomas, 2007). There are other ways to measure diphthongs, such as General Additive Models that capture the dynamic nature of a diphthong rather than reducing it to 1–2 points (Thomas and Mielke, to appear). The current study compares the results of using the different methods described to analyze subjects with varying degrees of diphthong raising with data collected in 2021 from college-aged speakers in Fort Wayne. With the goal of assessing the level of detail required to capture the /aɪ/ raising process in its incipient form, the results compare more complex analyses to simpler analyses on the same data.
3D printed deployable origami patterns at intermediate folding configurations for wave guiding applications
Authors: Tholen Haley , Hyatt Lance , Bentley Christopher , Harne Ryan L.
Published: May 2022

Origami-based engineering employs the use of complex reconfigurable structures for a variety of applications in science and engineering. Most origami-inspired structures are designed to be fully deployed, yet wave guiding arrays require deployment to stable intermediate folding configurations to focus waves. Furthermore, current research for origami-inspired wave guiding does not study kinetic and kinematic behavior during compaction and deployment. In this study, the force required to compact the Miura-ori unit cell with compliant joints is investigated for intermediate folding configurations. By starting at intermediate folding angles, the maximum force to reach a fully compact shape can be reduced by over an order of magnitude compared to starting at a flat state.
Analysis of turbulence and scattering effects on detecting elevated sources with a microphone array
Authors: Goldman Geoffrey H.
Published: May 2022

Sound waves propagating in urban environments are affected by turbulence, scattering from numerous structures, and atmospheric refraction. These effects can be incorporated into beamforming algorithms but at the cost of increased processing time and algorithm complexity. An analysis of incorporating refraction effects into the beamformers for a simplified scenario is performed on detection algorithms based on four generalized beamforming algorithms. Simulated results for beamforming algorithms implemented with no model mismatch error are compared to results for classical beamforming algorithms implemented with model mismatch errors generated by atmospheric refraction. Their relative performance is evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve statistic calculated with Monte Carlo simulations. The results processed with data that include effects from turbulence and rough surface scattering show that there is no significant improvement in detection performance obtained by including refraction effects into the beamforming algorithms over a wide range of frequencies. The results indicate that complex beamforming algorithms are not required for many urban acoustic applications.
Range estimation within a shallow-water waveguide via active and reactive acoustic intensity
Authors: Cray Benjamin
Published: May 2022

The proposed ranging algorithm examines low-order modal variations in vertical reactive (Qz) and horizontal active (Ir) acoustic intensity and provides a gated estimate of the range from a receiver to a source. The receiver (measuring horizontal and vertical acoustic intensity) estimates range bins, for example, a source, which is confined within a range of 1 km to 2 km. Accurate initial range estimates provide key information for follow-on processors, such as tracking and depth classification algorithms. The technique relies on predictive broadband frequency characteristics between the superposition of low order trapped modes; modes which are restricted to the first few orders, for example, modes one through five. The binned range estimates can deliver, for example, initial values for higher level iterative and interpolative Detection, Classification and Localization (DCL) algorithms. Similarly, given an accurate opening estimate of a target’s range, neural networks techniques are enhanced. Existing at-sea shallow-water (<300 m), acoustic intensity data are compared to theoretical predictions to assess the feasibility and performance of the proposed algorithm.
Topographical distribution of spectrotemporal receptive field properties in the bat primary auditory cortex
Authors: Bakshi Kushal , Macias Silvio , Troyer Todd , Smotherman Michael
Published: May 2022

Spectrotemporal modulations are a prominent feature of natural sounds including animal vocalizations and human speech. Echolocating bats must process spectrotemporal cues such as echo delays and spectrum properties to navigate their environment; however, the neuronal networks in the primary auditory cortex (A1) that process features of natural sounds remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the topographical distribution of tuning properties throughout A1 of Mexican free-tailed bats. While the majority of the bats’ A1 neurons are tuned to downward FM sweeps, the entire cortex is required to capture and categorize patterns of spectral details embedded within each biosonar echo. We captured the neural responses of the A1 to complex acoustic stimuli using linear, 16-channel translaminar microelectrode arrays. We analyzed 145 spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) across A1, as well as the spectral and temporal modulation transfer functions (sMTF and tMTF, respectively) to determine neural tuning preferences in the spectral and temporal dimensions. We found evidence of neuronal sub-categories that were classified as having simple or complex (multi-peaked) STRFs. For simple STRFs, sMTFs and tMTFs were evaluated as a function of best frequency, and spatial location and revealed tonotopic trends similar to those reported for non-specialized animals.
Comparison of three portable volumetric arrays to localize and identify fish sounds in the wild
Authors: Mouy Xavier , Black Morgan , Cox Kieran , Qualley Jessica , Dosso Stan , Juanes Francis
Published: May 2022

We describe three portable volumetric audio/video arrays capable of identifying species-specific fish sounds in the wild. Each array can record fish sounds, acoustically localize the fish in three-dimensions (using linearized or fully non-linear inversion), and record video to identify the species and observe their behavior. The design of each array accommodates specific logistical and financial constraints, covering a range of nearshore habitats and applications. The first platform is composed of six hydrophones, an acoustic recorder, and two video cameras secured to a 2 × 2 × 3 m PVC frame. Hydrophone placement is defined using simulated annealing to maximize localization accuracy. The second platform uses a single video camera, four hydrophones, and an acoustic recorder on a one cubic meter PVC frame. It can be deployed on heterogeneous substrates but has lower localization capabilities. The third platform consists of four hydrophones connected to an acoustic recorder mounted on a tethered underwater drone with built-in video. It allows remote control and real-time positioning in response to observed fish presence but with reduced localization capabilities. The three platforms were deployed off British Columbia, Canada, and used to identify and characterize new sounds from quillback rockfish, copper rockfish, and lingcod.
Normal incidence reflection coefficient measurements of layered sand-mud sediment and comparison to models
Authors: Lee Kevin M. , Ballard Megan , Venegas Gabriel R. , Clemo W. Cyrus , Dorgan Kelly M. , Frey Madeline R. , Wilson Preston S.
Published: May 2022

Depth-dependent variability in seabed acoustic and geophysical properties can be introduced by both physical and biogenic processes. An experiment was conducted near the mouth of Mobile Bay, Alabama to investigate spatial variability over a mud-sand gradient, where sediment properties showed lateral changes on the scales of tens of meters. Additionally, sediment layering on the scale of centimeters was evident in the top 20 cm of the seabed. Normal-incidence seabed reflection coefficient measurements (20–60 kHz) were acquired using a ship-mounted system to survey a 1.9 km2 area of the seabed, and diver cores were collected for direct analysis of near-surface seabed properties. The cores were acoustically logged to obtain vertical profiles of sound speed and attenuation (10–1000 kHz) and then analyzed for vertical profiles of sediment physical properties (porosity, grain size, organic matter content), infauna community composition, and tensile strength. Physical and acoustic profiles obtained from the cores were then used as inputs to model the n-layer reflection coefficient. Comparison of the modeled and measured reflection coefficients will be discussed. [Work supported by ONR.]
Bubble-vessel interactions: From physics to applications in brain disease theranostics
Authors: Chen Hong
Published: May 2022

Focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles (FUS + MB) provides a noninvasive and spatially targeted approach for inducing blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Revealing the interactions among ultrasound, bubbles, and blood vessels is fundamental toward understanding this technique's physical mechanism. These interactions in the brain induce various bioeffects, including BBB disruption. FUS + MB-induced BBB disruption enables two-way trafficking between the brain and the bloodstream. While circulating agents can enter the brain through FUS-mediated BBB disruption for the treatment of brain diseases, brain disease-derived biomarkers (e.g., DNA, RNA, and protein) can also be released into the blood circulation to improve the sensitivity of blood-based liquid biopsy. The application of FUS + MB in brain drug delivery has been translated into the clinic with more than 20 clinical trials currently ongoing. The application of FUS + MB for blood-based liquid biopsy, called sonobiopsy, has been demonstrated feasible for the diagnosis of brain cancer. This talk will cover topics ranging from the fundamental physics of bubble-vessel interactions to their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases.
Rapid Spike in Hip Adduction Strength in Early Adolescent Footballers: A Study of 125 Elite Male Players From Youth to Senior
Authors: Light Neil , Thorborg Kristian , Krommes Kasper , Nielsen Mathias F. , Thornton Kasper B. , Hölmich Per , Penalver Juan J.J. , Ishøi Lasse
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To investigate the differences in hip adductor and abductor muscle strength in elite male footballers from youth to senior level. Methods: We tested 125 players from the under-13-years (U’13) to senior squads of a Danish male professional football club in this cross-sectional design study. Hip adductor and abductor force (in newtons), torque (in newton meters), normalized torque (in newton meters per body mass), and adduction-to-abduction ratio were measured using handheld dynamometry. Results: Between U’13 and senior level, adductor force increased by 104%, torque by 127%, and normalized torque by 21%. Abductor force increased by 78%, torque by 126%, and normalized torque by 17%. For incremental differences between age groups, significant increases were observed between the ages of U’13 to U’14 (18%–39%) and U’14 to U’15 (19%–33%) for all strength measures (P ≤ .021). No incremental difference was observed for adductor-to-abductor ratio. Conclusions: The large increases in hip adductor and abductor strength occurring between the ages of U’13 and U’15 offer insight into the strength capabilities and stress demands in these players, which may relate to injury vulnerability, and facilitate clinicians in selecting best-suited exercise interventions.
Remdesivir and GS-441524 Retain Antiviral Activity against Delta, Omicron, and Other Emergent SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Pitts Jared , Li Jiani , Perry Jason K. , Du Pont Venice , Riola Nicholas , Rodriguez Lauren , Lu Xianghan , Kurhade Chaitanya , Xie Xuping , Camus Gregory , Manhas Savrina , Martin Ross , Shi Pei-Yong , Cihlar Tomas , Porter Danielle P. , Mo Hongmei , Maiorova Evguenia , Bilello John P.
Published: May 2022

Genetic variation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in the emergence and rapid spread of multiple variants throughout the pandemic, of which Omicron is currently the predominant variant circulating worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/variants of interest (VOC/VOI) have evidence of increased viral transmission, disease severity, or decreased effectiveness of vaccines and neutralizing antibodies.
Distribution of Common and Rare Genetic Markers of Second-Line-Injectable-Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Revealed by a Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Conkle-Gutierrez Derek , Kim Calvin , Ramirez-Busby Sarah M. , Modlin Samuel J. , Mansjö Mikael , Werngren Jim , Rigouts Leen , Hoffner Sven E. , Valafar Faramarz
Published: May 2022

Point mutations in the
rrs
gene and the
eis
promoter are known to confer resistance to the second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs) amikacin (AMK), capreomycin (CAP), and kanamycin (KAN). While mutations in these canonical genes confer the majority of SLID resistance, alternative mechanisms of resistance are not uncommon and threaten effective treatment decisions when using conventional molecular diagnostics.
Analysis of Salmonella enterica Isolated from a Mixed-Use Watershed in Georgia, USA: Antimicrobial Resistance, Serotype Diversity, and Genetic Relatedness to Human Isolates
Authors: Cho Sohyun , Hiott Lari M. , House Sandra L. , Woodley Tiffanie A. , McMillan Elizabeth A. , Sharma Poonam , Barrett John B. , Adams Eric S. , Brandenburg Joshua M. , Hise Kelley B. , Bateman McDonald Jacob M. , Ottesen Elizabeth A. , Lipp Erin K. , Jackson Charlene R. , Frye Jonathan G.
Published: May 2022

Salmonella
has been traditionally considered a foodborne pathogen, as it is one of the most common etiologies of foodborne illnesses worldwide; however, recent
Salmonella
outbreaks attributed to fresh produce and water suggest a potential environmental source of
Salmonella
that causes some human illnesses. Here, we investigated the prevalence, diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of
Salmonella
isolated from a mixed-use watershed in Georgia, USA, in order to enhance the overall understanding of waterborne
Salmonella
.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. Strain FB2, Isolated from Rice Rhizosphere
Authors: Thenappan Dhivya Priya , González-Salazar Luz Ángela , Licona-Cassani Cuauhtémoc , Kannepalli Annapurna
Published: May 2022

Streptomyces
sp. strain FB2 is an actinomycete isolated from rice rhizosphere. A whole-genome assembly of the strain FB2 comprised 7,727,571 bp (number of contigs, 55; GC content, 71.96%). In total, 17 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including nonribosomal peptides, polyketides, terpenes, and ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides, were predicted.
The Virome of Healthy Honey Bee Colonies: Ubiquitous Occurrence of Known and New Viruses in Bee Populations
Authors: Kadlečková Dominika , Tachezy Ruth , Erban Tomáš , Deboutte Ward , Nunvář Jaroslav , Saláková Martina , Matthijnssens Jelle
Published: May 2022

The Western honey bee,
Apis mellifera
, is a vital part of our ecosystem as well as cultural heritage. Annual colony losses endanger beekeeping.
Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Remission
Authors: Pisani Anthea , Rausch Philipp , Bang Corinna , Ellul Sarah , Tabone Trevor , Marantidis Cordina Claire , Zahra Graziella , Franke Andre , Ellul Pierre
Published: May 2022

Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been implicated as a causal or contributory factor to the pathogenesis of the disease. This study, done on patients in remission while accounting for various confounding factors, shows significant community differences and altered community dynamics, even after acute inflammation has subsided.
Circa 1.50–1.45 Ga metasedimentary rocks in southwestern Laurentia provide distinctive records of Mesoproterozoic regional orogenesis and craton interactions
Authors: Jones III James V. , Daniel Christopher G.
Published: May 2022

The discovery of multiple deformed and metamorphosed sedimentary successions in southwestern Laurentia that have depositional ages between ca. 1.50 and 1.45 Ga marked a turning point in our understanding of the Mesoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the continent and its interactions with formerly adjacent cratons. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages from metasedimentary strata and igneous U-Pb zircon ages from interbedded metavolcanic rocks in Arizona and New Mexico provide unequivocal evidence for ca. 1.50–1.45 Ga deposition and burial, followed by ca. 1.45 and younger deformation, metamorphism, and plutonism. These events reflect regional shortening and crustal thickening that are most consistent with convergent to collisional orogenesis—the Mesoproterozoic Picuris orogeny—in southwestern Laurentia. Similar metasedimentary successions documented in the midcontinent of the United States and in eastern Canada help to establish ca. 1.45 Ga orogenesis as a continent-scale phenomenon associated with a complex and evolving convergent margin along southern Laurentia. Metasedimentary successions of similar age are also exposed across ~5000 km of the western Laurentian margin and contain distinctive 1.6–1.5 Ga detrital zircon populations that are globally rare except in select cratonic provinces in Australia and Antarctica. The recognition of these distinctive detrital zircon ages provides a transient record of plate interactions prior to breakup of Nuna or Columbia ca. 1.45 Ga and provides key constraints on global plate reconstructions.
Multiple phyla, one time resolution? Similar time averaging in benthic foraminifera, mollusk, echinoid, crustacean, and otolith fossil assemblages
Authors: Nawrot Rafał , Berensmeier Michaela , Gallmetzer Ivo , Haselmair Alexandra , Tomašových Adam , Zuschin Martin
Published: May 2022

Time averaging of fossil assemblages determines temporal precision of paleoecological and geochronological inferences. Taxonomic differences in intrinsic skeletal durability are expected to produce temporal mismatch between co-occurring species, but the importance of this effect is difficult to assess due to lack of direct estimates of time averaging for many higher taxa. Moreover, burial below the taphonomic active zone and early diagenetic processes may alleviate taxonomic differences in disintegration rates in subsurface sediments. We compared time averaging across five phyla of major carbonate producers co-occurring in a sediment core from the northern Adriatic Sea shelf. We dated individual bivalve shells, foraminiferal tests, tests and isolated plates of irregular and regular echinoids, crab claws, and fish otoliths. In spite of different skeletal architecture, mineralogy, and life habit, all taxa showed very similar time averaging varying from ~1800 to ~3600 yr (interquartile age ranges). Thus, remains of echinoids and crustaceans—two groups with multi-elemental skeletons assumed to have low preservation potential—can still undergo extensive age mixing comparable to that of the co-occurring mollusk shells. The median ages of taxa differed by as much as ~3700 yr, reflecting species-specific timing of seafloor colonization during the Holocene transgression. Our results are congruent with sequestration models invoking taphonomic processes that minimize durability differences among taxa. These processes together with temporal variability in skeletal production can overrule the effects of durability in determining temporal resolution of multi-taxic fossil assemblages.
A newly discovered subglacial lake in East Antarctica likely hosts a valuable sedimentary record of ice and climate change
Authors: Yan Shuai , Blankenship Donald D. , Greenbaum Jamin S. , Young Duncan A. , Li Lin , Rutishauser Anja , Guo Jingxue , Roberts Jason L. , van Ommen Tas D. , Siegert Martin J. , Sun Bo
Published: May 2022

The Princess Elizabeth Land sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is a significant reservoir of grounded ice and is adjacent to regions that experienced great change during Quaternary glacial cycles and Pliocene warm episodes. The existence of an extensive subglacial water system in Princess Elizabeth Land (to date only inferred from satellite imagery) bears the potential to significantly impact the thermal and kinematic conditions of the overlying ice sheet. We confirm the existence of a major subglacial lake, herein referred to as Lake Snow Eagle (LSE), for the first time using recently acquired aerogeophysical data. We systematically investigated LSE’s geological characteristics and bathymetry from two-dimensional geophysical inversion models. The inversion results suggest that LSE is located along a compressional geologic boundary, which provides reference for future characterization of the geologic and tectonic context of this region. We estimate LSE to be ~42 km in length and 370 km2 in area, making it one of the largest subglacial lakes in Antarctica. Additionally, the airborne ice-penetrating radar observations and geophysical inversions reveal a layer of unconsolidated water-saturated sediment around and at the bottom of LSE, which—given the ultralow rates of sedimentation expected in such environments—may archive valuable records of paleoenvironmental changes and the early history of East Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution in Princess Elizabeth Land.
Functional status at 30 and 90 days after mild ischaemic stroke
Authors: Gardener Hannah , Romano Leo A , Smith Eric E , Campo-Bustillo Iszet , Khan Yosef , Tai Sofie , Riley Nikesha , Sacco Ralph L , Khatri Pooja , Alger Heather M , Mac Grory Brian , Gulati Deepak , Sangha Navdeep S , Olds Karin E , Benesch Curtis G , Kelly Adam G , Brehaut Scott S , Kansara Amit C , Schwamm Lee H , Romano Jose G
Published: May 2022

Background/objective

This study compares the global disability status of patients who had a mild ischaemic stroke at 30 and 90 days poststroke, as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and identifies predictors of change in disability status between 30 and 90 days.

Methods

The study population included 1339 patients who had a ischaemic stroke enrolled in the Mild and Rapidly Improving Stroke Study with National Institutes of Health (NIH) stroke score 0–5 and mRS measurements at 30 and 90 days. Outcomes were (1) Improvement defined as having mRS >1 at 30 days and mRS 0–1 at 90 days OR mRS >2 at 30 days and mRS 0–2 at 90 days and (2) Worsening defined as an increase of ≥2 points or a worsening from mRS of 1 at 30 days to 2 at 90 days. Demographic and clinical characteristics at hospital arrival were abstracted from medical records, and regression models were used to identify predictors of functional improvement and decline from 30 to 90 days post-stroke. Significant predictors were mutually adjusted in multivariable models that also included age and stroke severity.

Results

Fifty-seven per cent of study participants had no change in mRS value from 30 to 90 days. Overall, there was moderate agreement in mRS between the two time points (weighted kappa=0.59 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.62)). However, worsening on the mRS was observed in 7.54% of the study population from 30 to 90 days, and 17.33% improved. Participants of older age (per year OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03), greater stroke severity (per NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) point at admission OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34), and those with no alteplase treatment (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.69) were more likely to show functional decline after mutual adjustment.

Discussion

A quarter of all mild ischaemic stroke participants exhibited functional changes between 30 and 90 days, suggesting that the 30-day outcome may insufficiently represent long-term recovery in mild stroke and longer follow-up may be clinically necessary.

Trial registration number

NCT02072681.
WHO HAS PRICE LEADERSHIP IN PAPRIKA TRADE BETWEEN KOREA AND JAPAN? EVIDENCE FROM THRESHOLD VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL APPROACH
Authors: MOON HANPIL , SEOK JUN HO , LEE SUHWAN , REED MICHAEL R.
Published: May 2022

Korea is not only a top paprika exporter to Japan, but also Japan is the largest Korean paprika importer. In this situation, investigating who has price leadership contributes to fill a gap in previous literature. This study examines paprika price relationships between wholesale prices in Korea, import prices in Japan and wholesale prices in Japan using monthly data from 2007 to 2017. A threshold vector autoregressive model (TVAR) and Granger causality test are used to test the price leadership between Korean exporters and Japanese importers. Moreover, forecasted prices based on TVAR show that Korean exporter’s paprika prices will be lower than Japanese importer’s price in the future. The results show that Japanese importers provide price leadership to wholesalers in Korea and Japan. Our findings suggest that paprika farmers could benefit from policies designed to address the trade situation.
Twisted virtual bikeigebras and twisted virtual handlebody-knots
Authors: Nelson Sam , Zhao Yuqi
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we generalize unoriented handlebody-links to the twisted virtual case, obtaining Reidemeister moves for handlebody-links in ambient spaces of the form [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] a compact closed 2-manifold up to stable equivalence. We introduce a related algebraic structure known as twisted virtual bikeigebras whose axioms are motivated by the twisted virtual handlebody-link Reidemeister moves. We use twisted virtual bikeigebras to define [Formula: see text]-colorability for twisted virtual handlebody-links and define an integer-valued invariant [Formula: see text] of twisted virtual handlebody-links. We provide example computations of the new invariants and use them to distinguish some twisted virtual handlebody-links.
A Classification Strategy for Internet of Things Data Based on the Class Separability Analysis of Time Series Dynamics
Authors: Borges João B. , Ramos Heitor S. , Loureiro Antonio A. F.
Published: May 2022

This article proposes TSCLAS, a time series classification strategy for the Internet of Things (IoT) data, based on the class separability analysis of their temporal dynamics. Given the large number and incompleteness of IoT data, the use of traditional classification algorithms is not possible. Thus, we claim that solutions for IoT scenarios should avoid using raw data directly, preferring their transformation to a new domain. In the ordinal patterns domain, it is possible to capture the temporal dynamics of raw data to distinguish them. However, to be applied to this challenging scenario, TSCLAS follows a strategy for selecting the best parameters for the ordinal patterns transformation based on maximizing the class separability of the time series dynamics. We show that our method is competitive compared to other classification algorithms from the literature. Furthermore, TSCLAS is scalable concerning the length of time series and robust to the presence of missing data gaps on them. By simulating missing data gaps as long as 50% of the data, our method could beat the accuracy of the compared classification algorithms. Besides, even when losing in accuracy, TSCLAS presents lower computation times for both training and testing phases.
An Application-oblivious Memory Scheduling System for DNN Accelerators
Authors: Li Jiansong , Wang Xueying , Chen Xiaobing , Li Guangli , Dong Xiao , Zhao Peng , Yu Xianzhi , Yang Yongxin , Cao Wei , Liu Lei , Feng Xiaobing
Published: May 2022

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) tend to go deeper and wider, which poses a significant challenge to the training of DNNs, due to the limited memory capacity of DNN accelerators. Existing solutions for memory-efficient DNN training are densely coupled with the application features of DNN workloads, e.g., layer structures or computational graphs of DNNs are necessary for these solutions. This would result in weak versatility for DNNs with sophisticated layer structures or complicated computation graphs. These schemes usually need to be re-implemented or re-adapted due to the new layer structures or the unusual operators in the computational graphs introduced by these DNNs.

In this article, we review the memory pressure issues of DNN training from the perspective of runtime systems and model the memory access behaviors of DNN workloads. We identify the
iterative, regularity
, and
extremalization
properties of memory access patterns for DNN workloads. Based on these observations, we propose AppObMem, an application-oblivious memory scheduling system. AppObMem automatically traces the memory behaviors of DNN workloads and schedules the memory swapping to reduce the memory pressure of the device accelerators without the perception of high-level information of layer structures or computation graphs. Evaluations on a variety of DNN models show that, AppObMem obtains 40–60% memory savings with acceptable performance loss. AppObMem is also competitive with other open sourced SOTA schemes.
Review—Semiconductor Materials and Devices for Gas Sensors
Authors: Raju Parameswari , Li Qiliang
Published: May 2022

Gas sensors are frequently used for detecting toxic gases and vapors for environmental control, industrial monitoring and household safety. Semiconductor conductivity can be modified by doping or fine-tuned by applying an electric or magnetic field in an ultra-wide range (10−7 S cm−1 to 102 S cm−1). The conduction of semiconductor is significantly raised or reduced upon the exposure to external conditions, such as temperature variation, light, heat, mechanical stress or chemicals. Thus, semiconductors are excellent materials for sensors and the device structures are critical for sensing performance. The commonly used semiconductors materials include Si, Ge, III–V, and metal oxide semiconductors. Recently carbon-based materials gain signification attention due to their unique electrical, optical and mechanical properties. There are two major semiconductor gas sensors: resistor-based and FET-based sensors. In this review, the semiconductor materials, sensor device structure as well as gas sensing mechanisms will be systematically categorized, described and explored, with the focus on metal oxides, GaN, SiC, 2D-TMD and carbon-based gas sensors. The recent progress in new semiconductor gas sensors will be thoroughly reviewed and summarized, with a hope to show the trend in semiconductor gas sensor technology.
Amperometric Sarcosine Biosensor Based on a Bi-Functional Platinum-Loaded Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Tungsten Phosphonate Material
Authors: Shi Xinlin , Chen Xiaohui , Zuo Wanying , Lin Luyin , Xiao Wenhuang , Yang Haipeng
Published: May 2022

Sarcosine has been identified as an effective biomarker for prostate cancer. However, the rapid and accurate determination of sarcosine has been a challenge due to its low concentration and the presence of interfering substances in human serum. Here we depict an amperometric sarcosine biosensor by using organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous tungsten phosphonate (MTP) material. The MTP was synthesized by using a soft-template method, and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles were loaded onto it by using the ethylene glycol reduction method. Due to the excellent anti-interference performance of the mesoporous tungsten phosphonate and the high electrocatalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles, the as-prepared material exhibited both anti-interference function and electrocatalytic function. A simple biosensor was obtained by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with the bi-functional material and sarcosine oxidase (SOx). The biosensor had a linear detection range of 1–71 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 μM, and had good ability to exclude interference signals from common interfering substances. Compared with our previous work about nickel phosphonate and molybdenum phosphonate, though the mechanism that the metal ions affects the anti-interference performance of the biosensor is not clear yet, it is reasonable to expect better anti-interference performance by replacing the metal ions in the phosphonate materials.
Angiotensin (1–7) protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating expression of NRF2 and microRNAs in Fisher 344 rats
Authors: Zaman Asif , Banday Anees A.
Published: May 2022

This is the first study to show that ANG(1–7) via Mas receptors could activate the redox-sensitive nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-phase II antioxidant system and protect against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced renal injury, identifying ANG(1–7), Mas receptor agonists, or NRF2 activators as potential therapeutic interventions to protect against renal and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, miRNAs have differential expression in adult versus aged rats, and I/R modulates miRNA expression in both age groups, indicating their involvement in kidney disease.
Multidimensional Analysis and Evaluation of College English Teaching Quality Based on an Artificial Intelligence Model
Authors: Li Man
Published: May 2022

In view of the lack of teaching resources and the impossibility of real-time sharing and application of teaching resources in English teaching, this paper proposes a multidimensional analysis and application of English teaching quality based on an artificial intelligence model. This paper analyzes the basic framework and application of the Internet of Things technology and puts forward the corresponding hierarchical classification and teaching quality monitoring mode. Secondly, the monitoring framework of the Internet of Things to achieve the quality of English teaching and then the basic theory of the Internet of Things is analyzed. Finally, the experiment shows that the average score of English has been greatly improved by comparing the traditional teaching mode and the new classroom quality monitoring mode under the Internet of Things technology. The main dimensions of teaching quality, such as teachers’ quality, teaching attitude, teaching content, and teaching methods, are analyzed in depth, and the coefficient of most sample data is more than 0.7, which has a good application effect. Whether running on the test set or the mixed test set, the accuracy of the new classroom quality monitoring model proposed in this paper is the highest among the three models. The correct rate on the test set can reach 99.71%, the correct rate on the mixed test set can reach 98.01%, and the correct rate can reach 98.67%, which shows the superiority of the performance of the new classroom quality monitoring model.
Design of Tone Recognition System for Pipa Strings Based on Wireless Sensors
Authors: Pang Peijie
Published: May 2022

Pipa has been widely used as a wooden musical instrument as early as the Han period. It mainly relies on human fingers to pluck the strings to make sounds. The timbre of the pipa also has a very strong national characteristic. Understanding the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences requires tone recognition. For tone identification, the fundamental frequency conveys the most unique information. This paper summarizes the influence of the pipa’s characteristics, technology and skills of the player, and the player’s factors on the timbre of the pipa performance. In addition, given the problems of low accuracy and high data packet loss rate in the existing pipa playing tone recognition methods, this paper proposes a pipa string playing tone recognition algorithm based on wireless sensors. According to the sensor stage and weight-corresponding characteristics, on the premise of minimizing the total mean square error, the optimal weight corresponding to the sensor measurement value is found according to the adaptive mode. The unbiased estimated value of the measured value of each node is obtained through iterative calculation. The Euclidean distance between the measured value and the estimated value of each sensor obtained by the normalization process is used as the adaptive weighted recognition weight. It completes the conversion of the adaptive weighted recognition algorithm structure and the binary recognition result. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good tonal recognition accuracy in the pipa playing environment.
Barycentric Rational Collocation Method for Burgers’ Equation
Authors: Zhao Qingli , Wang Ruiwen , Wang Zhaoqing , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: May 2022

In this article, barycentric rational collocation method is introduced to solve Burgers’ equation. The algebraic equations of the barycentric rational collocation method are presented. Numerical analysis and error estimates are established. With the help of the barycentric rational interpolation theory, the convergence rates of the barycentric rational collocation method for Burgers’ equation are proved. Numerical experiments are carried out to validate the convergence rates and show the efficiency.
Marketing System Construction and Risk Analysis Based on Random Forest of Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Na
Published: May 2022

This paper analyses the innovative marketing model of enterprises in the new era from the perspective of the characteristics of enterprises and the problems of innovative marketing strategies and puts forward solution strategies and suggestions to provide reference for enterprises to get faster and better development in the new era. Based on the connotation of credit in the random forest, this paper follows the principles of science, standardization, fairness, and objectivity, draws on various credit factor analysis methods and famous credit scoring systems (such as FICO and Sesame Credit), closely links with relevant government and enterprise policy documents, combines with the actual situation of enterprise market, and finally builds a credit factor from three aspects of enterprise market: foundation, marketing, and monopoly. The credit index system consists of 3 primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators, and 22 tertiary indicators.
Smart System Resource Coordination Algorithm Based on 6G Technology
Authors: Wang Fang
Published: May 2022

Most of the existing resource allocation algorithms do not take into account the restriction conditions such as the delay limitation of different services and the service volume requirements of different STAs. Moreover, the surge in the number of smart terminal devices has brought great challenges to the access effect of WLAN systems. Therefore, 6G technology will surely replace the current technology as the main means of future communication technology. This paper combines 6G technology to study the smart system resource coordination algorithm and analyzes the calculation process and actual effect of the algorithm. Moreover, this paper analyzes the coordination of smart system resources and verifies the effect of 6G technology in the coordination of smart system resources through experimental research. The results of experimental research show that the smart system resource coordination algorithm based on 6G technology can effectively improve the resource coordination effect of smart systems and has certain anti-interference, which will promote the construction of smart systems in the future.
Curcumin Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Melanoma via miR-222-3p/SOX10/Notch Axis
Authors: Tang Youqun , Cao Yanming
Published: May 2022

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on melanoma and its mechanism. Methods. Curcumin (0, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 mg/ml) was utilized to treat A375 and HT144 cell lines. The MTT analysis was used to confirm the proliferation ability. Wound healing and transwell analysis showed the migration and invasion ability. Immunofluorescence assay was used to demonstrate the effect of curcumin on SOX10 expression. Multiple bioinformatic analysis to confirm the SOX10 associated miRNA. The correlation of miR-222-3p and SOX10 was detected by Luciferase reporter assays. qRT-PCR showed the miR-222-3p level. Western blot analyzed the expression of SOX10, Notch1, and HES1 in melanoma cell treated with or without miR-222-3p inhibitor. Results. Curcumin could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells. Furthermore, curcumin repress the expression of SOX10, Notch1, and HES-1, and increase the expression of miR-222-3p. And the miR-222-3p could directly target to SOX10 mRNA to inhibit its expression. In addition, inhibition of miR-222-3p expression reversed the inhibitory effect of curcumin the growth of melanoma cells. Conclusion. Curcumin enhances the miR-222-3p level to reduce SOX10 expression, and ultimately inactivates the Notch pathway in repressing melanoma proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Simulation Calculation of the Collapse Process of High-Rise Steel Structure Energy-Forming Cutting Blasting Demolition
Authors: Zhou Xiaoguang
Published: May 2022

The high-rise steel structure building (structure) is a relatively special structure. Due to its high height characteristics and the overall structure height and narrowness, there is still no unified method for this type of demolition. This paper is aimed at studying the simulation of the demolition of high-rise steel structures by blasting through computer video images. For this reason, this paper proposes a simulation of its specific blasting demolition work based on LS-DYNA software. Through an update to its core algorithm, it is more suitable for the simulation of this type of structure and simultaneously carried out simulation experiment research on the improved results. The experimental results of this paper show that the LS-DYNA software after the algorithm update is more referential to the simulation results of the simulation structure of high-rise steel structures. The simulation structure can increase the similarity to 97% in the actual demolition work, and the comparison probability of risks is also increased by nearly 31%. It can greatly improve the demolition problem of this kind of high-rise steel structure building (structure).