bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoconcepto físico y académico en niños de contextos marginados en México
Authors: Gaeta González Martha Leticia , Cavazos Arroyo Judith
Published: May 2017

Esta investigación examinó el autoconcepto físico y académico y su relación con algunas variables socioculturales, como son: la alimentación, la actividad física, así como la preocupación por la obesidad y la apariencia física en 500 niños de 5o. y 6o. grado de educación primaria. Se desarrolló una investigación no experimental, descriptiva y transversal en dos contextos marginados en México. Se realizaron análisis de conglomerados a fin de identificar perfiles de estudiantes, de acuerdo con las variables socioculturales de estudio. Los resultados evidenciaron, en general, autoconceptos físicos y académicos bajos, aunque algunas diferencias significativas entre géneros. Asimismo, el análisis de conglomerados arrojó dos grupos: uno más consciente y otro menos consciente del valor y nivel nutritivo de los alimentos que consumen en la tienda escolar.
Tiếp cận đa chiều về quản lý hoạt động đào tạo ở Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội
Authors: Vuong Thao Thi Phuong , Phan Hieu Xuan
Published: May 2017

Tóm tắt: Theo tiếp cận đa chiều về đảm bảo chất lượng giáo dục, bài báo này khảo sát, đánh giá công tác quản lý đào tạo đại học ở Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội một cách toàn diện (đa tham số) và khách quan (đa phương pháp, đa nguồn). Trong đó, đánh giá của cán bộ được thực hiện qua 8 nhân tố với 48 tiêu chí bao gồm: mục tiêu và kế hoạch đào tạo; quản lý chương trình đào tạo; tuyển sinh; tổ chức thực hiện đào tạo; quản lý hoạt động giảng dạy của giảng viên; quản lý hoạt động học tập của sinh viên; quản lý đội ngũ cán bộ quản lý, nhân viên hỗ trợ hoạt động đào tạo; quản lý môi trường học tập, cơ sở vật chất và trang thiết bị. Đánh giá của sinh viên được thể hiện qua 4 nhân tố: nội dung chương trình đào tạo; hoạt động giảng dạy; hoạt động đào tạo; môi trường, cơ sở vật chất, thiết bị phục vụ giảng dạy và học tập. Các kết quả nghiên cứu đã được củng cố, khẳng định qua so sánh với kết quả đánh giá kiểm định điều kiện đảm bảo chất lượng của các chuyên gia mạng lưới các đại học ASEAN. Tám khuyến nghị được đưa ra để tăng cường điều kiện đảm bảo chất lượng đào tạo.
“Discover Your Destiny”: Sensation, Time, and Bible Reading among Nigerian Pentecostals
Authors: Davie-Kessler Jesse
Published: May 2017

Pentecostal Christians in southwest Nigeria claim to experience divine revelations of personal destiny by reading scripture. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with the Redeemed Christian Church of God, this article argues that members' sensual reading practices are entangled with perceptions of time. Church members use bodily experience to construct a near future that they understand as continuous with the lived present. To examine the production of embodied religious temporality, I use a stage-based analysis of Pentecostal hermeneutic development. Church members gradually progress from “beginning” to “advanced” stages of Bible reading, generating new relationships to the self and to a Christian cosmology.
Two Days in the Life of a River: Glacier Floods in Bhutan
Authors: Orlove Ben
Published: May 2017

An analysis of glacier lake outburst floods in the Bhutanese Himalayas in 1994 and 2015 demonstrates the social importance of the temporality of water, understood as the variability in its flow and its capacity to disturb human activity. The ways in which social institutions and cultural meanings change and influence the perception, understanding and modes of interaction with water are examined here, to indicate how the relations between people and a river are neither stables nor in flux, but rather in ongoing reconfiguration. The importance of these social institutions and cultural meanings are demonstrated by a comparison of two types of buildings which are vulnerable to the floods: the traditional temple-fortresses and the new hydroelectric power plants.
Communiquer sur les résultats annuels
Authors: Michaïlesco Céline
Published: May 2017

Les sociétés cotées sont tenues d’annoncer leurs résultats annuels, aussitôt qu’ils sont disponibles, par voie de communiqués de presse. Ces communiqués ont encore été peu étudiés en France alors qu’ils mettent en évidence des comportements significatifs. C’est le cas si on s’intéresse à la tonalité qui caractérise leur contenu narratif. À partir d’une démarche de mesure de cette tonalité, l’étude des communiqués des sociétés du Cac 40 entre 2013 et 2015 montre une réelle gestion de cette tonalité dans un souci de contrebalancer une baisse de performance.
Les barrières à la mise en œuvre ducrowdsourcingpour innover
Authors: Ruiz Émilie , Brion Sébastien , Parmentier Guy
Published: May 2017

Lecrowdsourcing(CS) consiste à externaliser une tâche auprès d’un vaste réseau d’individusviaun appel ouvert, le plus souvent réalisé par Internet. Malgré des difficultés identifiées dans la littérature, peu de recherches se sont intéressées aux barrières à l’adoption du CS pour innover. Cet article propose de les identifier et d’étudier leur importance lors de la phase de mise en œuvre. À partir de cinq cas d’entreprises, les auteurs identifient trois catégories de barrières qui influencent cette activité et soulignent l’effet des barrières organisationnelles, notamment sur les difficultés de coordination avec la foule et celles liées aux ajustements organisationnels nécessaires à l’intégration de l’activité.
First total synthesis of quiquesetinerviusin A
Authors: Xia Yamu , Mo Zhen , Sun Lin , Zou Lijia , Zhang Wen , Zhang Jiahong , Wang Lihong
Published: May 2017

The first total synthesis of the dihydrobenzofuran neolignan quiquesetinerviusin A and its related structure have been described. Phenolic coupling is the key step to constructing the dihydrobenzofuran skeleton with vanillin as the raw material. The hydroxyl group was protected with dihydropyran (DHP) and the ester group was reduced with diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL-H) in order to obtain the crucial intermediate diol, which was then condensed with an acid ligand to give the desired compounds following removal of the protecting groups.
Hydrophilic TiO2 nanowires prepared on Ti5Si3 layer by chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Du Jun , Qi Wenqian , Zuo Jingjing , Li Xiuyun , Gu Xin , Li Kai , Zhang Kai , Gong Cheng , Zou Jianguo
Published: May 2017

Here we report a self-induced catalyst-free preparation of TiO2 nanowires by APCVD. High-density single-crystalline hydrophilic TiO2 nanowires have been successfully prepared on a Ti5Si3 layer by chemical vapour deposition at 720 °C using 10 SCCM O2 for 120 min, using SiH4, TiCl4, and O2 as precursors. The nanowires are approximately 2–5 μm long, the diameter is about 20–40 nm. The TiO2 nanowires grow along the [001] direction of the tetragonal rutile TiO2 crystal from the bottom, with the tip being pushed upwards. The growth process can be defined as a self-induced growth. The 432 and 463 nm band of TiO2 nanowires assigned to self-trapped excitons and OVs, which is beneficial for the hydrophilic property of the nanowires. The contact angle of TiO2 nanowires after ultraviolet irradiation is low (5.1°), exhibiting excellent hydrophilic property.
Natural product as a source of prodrug
Authors: Padmavathy Jagannathan , Devarajan Saravanan
Published: May 2017

The natural products are the chemical constituents that are generated from the living organism. The natural products are isolated from the plants, animals, and microorganisms which are used in drug design and drug discovery. Natural product is then modified by chemical synthesis as either total or semi-synthetic way. The natural products show various pharmacological activity which can be used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Natural products could be regarded as a source of quantifiable and chemically pure known products and also natural products can be utilized as complex mixtures subjected to chemical variability. The present review article adds up the prodrugs from natural products as well as prodrugs developed from the natural products.
The narrative of ‘equality of chances’ as an approach to interpreting PIAAC results on perceived political efficacy, social trust and volunteering and the quest for political literacy
Authors: Grotlüschen Anke
Published: May 2017

The article focuses on the theoretically and empirically addressed question of whether workforce literacy strategies in research and policies may tend to exclude relevant fields of literacy, which have emancipatory chances for participants, but which regularly fail to include low qualified or literate adults (Hufer, 2013), namely the area of basic civic education or political literacy. First, a theoretical discussion makes use of recent publications. The relevance of basic civic education will be discussed using contemporary theories, which point at a crisis of democracy and explain this by the spread of income and capital (Piketty, 2014) and its legitimation (Rosanvallon, 2013). Further detail is provided by using Rosanvallons criticism of the term ‘equality of chances’. The everyday unfairness, covered by the narrative of equal chances, leads to peoples’ disengagement from reciprocal relations and disintegration of solidarity within a society. This theoretical approach will then be supplemented by empirical data. The empirical research question is: Do adults with low literacy skills agree less often on feelings of political efficacy and social trust than adults with high literacy skills? Do they engage less often in volunteering than adults with high literacy skills? This is based the PIAAC 2012 dataset which relates literacy on the one hand with variables of political efficacy, social trust and volunteering on the other hand. Results will be compared with volunteer and youth surveys. Furthermore, the connection of a “Nouvelle Droite” (contemporary right-wing populism) and peoples’ low feelings of political efficacy will be reflected in order to refute the stereotype that marginalized groups automatically become voters of right-wing populists.
Piezoresistive Response of Integrated CNT Yarns under Compression and Tension: The Effect of Lateral Constraint
Authors: Anike Jude , Le Huy , Brodeur Grace , Kadavan Mathew , Abot Jandro
Published: May 2017

Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns are fiber-like materials that exhibit excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. More importantly, they exhibit a piezoresistive response that can be tapped for sensing purposes. The objective of this study is to determine experimentally the piezoresistive response of CNT yarns that are embedded in a polymeric medium while subjected to either tension or compression, and compare it with that of the free or unconstrained CNT yarns. The rationale is the need to know the piezoresistive response of the CNT yarn while in a medium, which provides a lateral constraint to the CNT yarn, thus mimicking the response of integrated CNT yarn sensors. The experimental program includes the fabrication of samples and their electromechanical characterization. The CNT yarns are integrated in polymeric beams and subjected to four-point bending, allowing the determination of their response under tension and compression. The electromechanical data from a combined Inductance–Capacitance–Resistance (LCR) device and a mechanical testing system were used to determine the piezoresistive response of the CNT yarns. At a strain rate of 0.006 min−1, the gauge factor obtained under tension for a maximum strain of 0.1% is ~29.3 which is higher than ~21.2 obtained under compression. The CNT yarn sensor exhibited strain rate dependence with a gauge factor of approximately 23.0 at 0.006 min−1, in comparison to 19.0 and 1.3, which were obtained at 0.0005 min−1 and 0.003 min−1, respectively. There is a difference of up to two orders of magnitude in the sensitivity of the constrained CNT yarn under bending with respect to that of the free CNT yarn under uniaxial tension. However, the difference becomes smaller when the constrained CNT yarn was tested under uniaxial tension. This data and information will be used for future modeling efforts and to study the phenomena that occur when CNT yarns are integrated in polymeric and composite materials and structures.
Numerical Study of Pressure Fluctuation in a Gas- Liquid Two-Phase Mixed-Flow Pump
Authors: Zhang Wenwu , Yu Zhiyi , Zhu Baoshan
Published: May 2017

To explore the pressure fluctuation characteristics in a mixed-flow pump handling a gas-liquid two-phase flow, an unsteady simulation was carried out with ANSYS CFX for the whole flow passage when the inlet gas void fraction (IGVF) was 0%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. Under pure water conditions (IGVF = 0%), the reliability of the simulation was verified by comparing with the experiment in both aspects of external characteristics and fluctuation. Through the implementation of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, the characteristics of the pressure fluctuation in the impeller and the guide vane were obtained at different IGVF conditions. The results demonstrate that pressure fluctuations exist under different IGVF conditions due to the rotor-stator interaction and the gas-liquid phase interaction, and the intensity of the fluctuation is firstly enhanced, and then weakened, along the streamwise direction with the maximum located near the impeller outlet. The relationship between the gas content and the pressure fluctuation was analyzed, and it is shown that the regional pressure fluctuation will be intensified only if the gas content therein reaches a certain level and the local phase interaction is strong. In addition, the pressure fluctuation in both the rotor-stator interaction region and the guide vane may be effectively inhibited under small IGVF conditions.
Review on Contactless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Charging
Authors: Vaka Ravikiran , Keshri Ritesh
Published: May 2017

For the past few years the feasibility of contactless power transfer (CPT) is being explored extensively as a future solution for charging electric vehicles (EVs). Studies report that the main obstacles in CPT are low power efficiency, misalignment tolerance, cost, range and charging time anxiety. This paper presents a review based on existing literature of the CPT systems for EV charging. Different cases of CPT technologies, their principle of operation and equivalent circuit based analysis is carried out. A discussion on compensation strategies and their effectiveness are reviewed and discussed. The design of coil systems for some city electric cars has been referenced in general. At the end recommendations and conclusions are made based on the study and analysis of the information available in literature.
Performance Simulation Integrated in Parametric 3D Modeling as a Method for Early Stage Design Optimization—A Review
Authors: Touloupaki Eleftheria , Theodosiou Theodoros
Published: May 2017

During the last decades, standards on building construction have risen sharply to integrate new, ambitious demands regarding energy efficiency, as well as thermal and optical comfort in the design procedure. Building simulation software assists in the accurate calculation of a hypothetical or existing building’s performance on several aspects; but they are, in their vast majority, assessment-oriented, rather than focused on dynamically supporting the decision-making procedure. During the last two decades, a clear shift of design professionals and academia towards addressing performance issues from the conceptual stages of a building’s design is observed. In this review, the methodology of performance-driven design optimization using computational/parametric design and optimization is presented, and the core literature available on the topic is reviewed in order to identify the current status, different approaches, obstacles, and areas of future research on the subject. The review findings confirm that there is enormous potential for the design of better-performing buildings using this technique, but there are still many obstacles to overcome and areas for future research.
Dicarbonyls and Advanced Glycation End-Products in the Development of Diabetic Complications and Targets for Intervention
Authors: Brings Sebastian , Fleming Thomas , Freichel Marc , Muckenthaler Martina , Herzig Stephan , Nawroth Peter
Published: May 2017

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are non-enzymatic protein and amino acid adducts as well as DNA adducts which form from dicarbonyls and glucose. AGE formation is enhanced in diabetes and is associated with the development of diabetic complications. In the current review, we discuss mechanisms that lead to enhanced AGE levels in the context of diabetes and diabetic complications. The methylglyoxal-detoxifying glyoxalase system as well as alternative pathways of AGE detoxification are summarized. Therapeutic approaches to interfere with different pathways of AGE formation are presented.
First Mitochondrial Genome from Nemouridae (Plecoptera) Reveals Novel Features of the Elongated Control Region and Phylogenetic Implications
Authors: Chen Zhi-Teng , Du Yu-Zhou
Published: May 2017

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Nemoura nankinensis (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) was sequenced as the first reported mitogenome from the family Nemouridae. The N. nankinensis mitogenome was the longest (16,602 bp) among reported plecopteran mitogenomes, and it contains 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Most PCGs used standard ATN as start codons, and TAN as termination codons. All tRNA genes of N. nankinensis could fold into the cloverleaf secondary structures except for trnSer (AGN), whose dihydrouridine (DHU) arm was reduced to a small loop. There was also a large non-coding region (control region, CR) in the N. nankinensis mitogenome. The 1751 bp CR was the longest and had the highest A+T content (81.8%) among stoneflies. A large tandem repeat region, five potential stem-loop (SL) structures, four tRNA-like structures and four conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) were detected in the elongated CR. The presence of these tRNA-like structures in the CR has never been reported in other plecopteran mitogenomes. These novel features of the elongated CR in N. nankinensis may have functions associated with the process of replication and transcription. Finally, phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that Nemouridae was the sister-group of Capniidae.
Antimicrobial, Optical and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan–Starch Films with Natural Extracts
Authors: Lozano-Navarro Jessica , Díaz-Zavala Nancy , Velasco-Santos Carlos , Martínez-Hernández Ana , Tijerina-Ramos Beatriz , García-Hernández Margarita , Rivera-Armenta José , Páramo-García Ulises , Reyes-de la Torre Adriana
Published: May 2017

Natural extracts possess several kinds of antioxidants (anthocyanins, betalains, thymol, carvacrol, and resveratrol) that have also demonstrated antimicrobial properties. In order to study these properties, extracts from cranberry, blueberry, beetroot, pomegranate, oregano, pitaya, and resveratrol (from grapes) were obtained. Growth inhibition tests of mesophilic aerobes, coliforms, and fungi were conducted in films prepared from the extracts in accordance with Mexican Official Norms (NOM). Optical properties such as transparency and opacity, mechanical properties, and pH were also analyzed in these materials. The films with beetroot, cranberry, and blueberry extracts demonstrated the best antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi in comparison with unmodified chitosan–starch film. This study shows that the addition of antioxidants improved the antimicrobial performance of these films. It was also found that antimicrobial properties are inherent to the films. These polymers combined with the extracts effectively inhibit or reduce microorganism growth from human and environmental contact; therefore, previous sterilization could be unnecessary in comparison with traditional plastics. The presence of extracts decreased transmittance percentages at 280 and 400 nm, as well as the transparency values, while increasing their opacity values, providing better UV–VIS light barrier properties. Despite diminished glass transition temperatures (Tg), the values obtained are still adequate for food packaging applications.
New Peptides Isolated from Marine Cyanobacteria, an Overview over the Past Decade
Authors: Mi Yue , Zhang Jinrong , He Shan , Yan Xiaojun
Published: May 2017

Marine cyanobacteria are significant sources of structurally diverse marine natural products with broad biological activities. In the past 10 years, excellent progress has been made in the discovery of marine cyanobacteria-derived peptides with diverse chemical structures. Most of these peptides exhibit strong pharmacological activities, such as neurotoxicity and cytotoxicity. In the present review, we summarized peptides isolated from marine cyanobacteria since 2007.
Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes
Authors: Muñoz-Torrero Diego , Mangoni Arduino , Guillou Catherine , Collina Simona , Vanden Eynde Jean Jacques , Rautio Jarkko , Keserű György , Hulme Christopher , Chibale Kelly , Luque F. , Karaman Rafik , Gütschow Michael , Liu Hong , Ragno Rino
Published: May 2017

The Editorial Board of the Medicinal Chemistry section of the journal Molecules publishes here its first Editorial, which has been prepared by highlighting, in sub-editorials of about one hundred words, some selected recently published articles that may have a profound impact on drug discovery and therapy.[...]
Dietary Patterns among Vietnamese and Hispanic Immigrant Elementary School Children Participating in an After School Program
Authors: McCrory Megan , Jaret Charles , Kim Jung , Reitzes Donald
Published: May 2017

Immigrants in the U.S. may encounter challenges of acculturation, including dietary habits, as they adapt to new surroundings. We examined Vietnamese and Hispanic immigrant children’s American food consumption patterns in a convenience sample of 63 Vietnamese and Hispanic children in grades four to six who were attending an after school program. Children indicated the number of times they consumed each of 54 different American foods in the past week using a food frequency questionnaire. We ranked each food according to frequency of consumption, compared the intake of foods to the USDA Healthy Eating Pattern, and performed dietary pattern analysis. Since the data were not normally distributed we used two nonparametric tests to evaluate statistical significance: the Kruskal–Wallis tested for significant gender and ethnicity differences and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test evaluated the food consumption of children compared with the USDA recommended amounts. We found that among USDA categories, discretionary food was most commonly consumed, followed by fruit. The sample as a whole ate significantly less than the recommended amount of grains, protein foods, and dairy, but met the recommended amount of fruit. Boys ate significantly more grains, proteins, and fruits than did girls. Dietary pattern analysis showed a very high sweet snack consumption among all children, while boys ate more fast food and fruit than girls. Foods most commonly consumed were cereal, apples, oranges, and yogurt. Ethnicity differences in food selection were not significant. The high intake of discretionary/snack foods and fruit, with low intake of grains, vegetables, protein, and dairy in our sample suggests Vietnamese and Hispanic immigrant children may benefit from programs to improve diet quality.
Better Estimated IEM Input Parameters Using Random Fractal Geometry Applied on Multi-Frequency SAR Data
Authors: Ghafouri Ali , Amini Jalal , Dehmollaian Mojtaba , Kavoosi Mohammad
Published: May 2017

Microwave remote sensing can measure surface geometry. Via the processing of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, the earth surface geometric parameters can be provided for geoscientific studies, especially in geological mapping. For this purpose, it is necessary to model the surface roughness against microwave signal backscattering. Of the available models, the Integral Equation Model (IEM) for co-polarized data has been the most frequently used model. Therefore, by the processing of the SAR data using this model, the surface geometry can be studied. In the IEM, the surface roughness geometry is calculable via the height statistical parameter, the rms-height. However, this parameter is not capable enough to represent surface morphology, since it only measures the surface roughness in the vertical direction, while the roughness dispersion on the surface is not included. In this paper, using the random fractal geometry capability, via the implementation of the power-law roughness spectrum, the precision and correctness of the surface roughness estimation has been improved by up to 10%. Therefore, the random fractal geometry is implemented through the calculation of the input geometric parameters of the IEM using the power-law surface spectrum and the spectral slope. In this paper, the in situ roughness measurement data, as well as SAR images at frequencies of L, C, and X, have been used to implement and evaluate the proposed method. Surface roughness, according to the operational frequencies, exhibits a fractal or a diffractal behavior.
An All-Solid-State pH Sensor Employing Fluorine-Terminated Polycrystalline Boron-Doped Diamond as a pH-Insensitive Solution-Gate Field-Effect Transistor
Authors: Shintani Yukihiro , Kobayashi Mikinori , Kawarada Hiroshi
Published: May 2017

A fluorine-terminated polycrystalline boron-doped diamond surface is successfully employed as a pH-insensitive SGFET (solution-gate field-effect transistor) for an all-solid-state pH sensor. The fluorinated polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) channel possesses a pH-insensitivity of less than 3mV/pH compared with a pH-sensitive oxygenated channel. With differential FET (field-effect transistor) sensing, a sensitivity of 27 mv/pH was obtained in the pH range of 2–10; therefore, it demonstrated excellent performance for an all-solid-state pH sensor with a pH-sensitive oxygen-terminated polycrystalline BDD SGFET and a platinum quasi-reference electrode, respectively.
Costly Barriers to Sustainable Institutions: Empirical Evidence from State-Reinforced Management of a Communal Irrigation System in the Philippines
Authors: Allasiw Doreen , Tanaka Toshinori , Mino Takashi
Published: May 2017

This study examines the process and outcome of institutional change from a self-governing common-pool resources (CPR) model into state-reinforced self-governance. Empirical evidence is drawn from the Philippines’ experience in decentralizing the management of communal irrigation systems (CIS) to local farmers through Irrigators Associations (IAs). The field data were collected through archival research, a review of secondary documents, and key informant interviews in Sagada, Philippines. Through institutional analysis, the study confirms earlier empirical findings that self-governing bodies can work well with the state provided they do not impinge on the autonomy of resource users. However, user expectations regarding the costs and benefits of state-reinforced self-governance affect its likelihood of success. Drawing from the case study, changes in the value and distribution of transaction costs are the two biggest challenges to sustaining state-reinforced IAs. The first challenge is the introduction of membership and irrigation fees, a huge shift from the non-monetary contribution that farmers were accustomed to. The second challenge is the change in the allocation and distribution of transaction costs or, simply, who bears what cost. Further research is recommended to expand the current discourse on state-reinforced self-governance to include more in-depth transaction cost analysis.
A Simplified Simulation Method for Flood-Induced Bend Scour—A Case Study Near the Shuideliaw Embankment on the Cho-Shui River
Authors: Guo Wen-Dar , Hong Jian-Hao , Chen Cheng-Hsin , Su Chih-Chiang , Lai Jihn-Sung
Published: May 2017

The modeling of flood-induced bend scour near embankment toes can provide important information for river engineering, embankment safety warnings, and emergency action management. During the rainy seasons, short-term general scour and bend scour are the most common causes for the failure of reinforced concrete embankments in Taiwan. To gain a deeper understanding of the scouring process near embankment foundations, this study proposed a straightforward and practical method for bend scour simulation. The proposed simulation method is subdivided into three stages: two-dimensional flow simulation, general scour estimation, and bend scour estimation. A new bend scour computation equation is proposed and incorporated into a two-dimensional hydraulic finite-volume model for simulating the evolution of bend scour depth around embankment toes. The proposed method is applied to simulate the temporal evolution of bend scouring near the Shuideliaw Embankment on the Cho-Shui River in Taiwan, where serious failure occurred during the June 2012 monsoon. Field data were gathered using the numbered-brick technique at the Shuideliaw Embankment to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. The results of the bend scour simulations compared reasonably well with field measurements, indicating close agreement in terms of water levels and bend scour depths near the Shuideliaw Embankment. The proposed method was found to quickly estimate the maximum short-term general scour and bend scour depths for further enhancement of the safety of the embankment toe.
Hydrologic Controls and Water Vulnerabilities in the Naryn River Basin, Kyrgyzstan: A Socio-Hydro Case Study of Water Stressors in Central Asia
Authors: Hill Alice , Minbaeva Cholpon , Wilson Alana , Satylkanov Rysbek
Published: May 2017

Water vulnerabilities in Central Asia are affected by a complex combination of climate-sensitive water sources, trans-boundary political tensions, infrastructure deficiencies and a lack of water management organization from community to federal levels. This study aims to clarify the drivers of water stress across the 440 km Naryn River basin, headwater stem to the Syr Darya and the disappearing North Aral Sea. We use a combination of human and physical geography approaches to understand the meltwater-controlled hydrology of the system (using hydrochemical mixing models) as well as the human-water experience (via community surveys). Surveys indicate that current water stress is primarily a function of water management and access issues resulting from the clunky transition from Soviet era large-scale agriculture to post-Soviet small-plot farming. Snow and ice meltwaters play a dominant role in the surface and ground water supplies to downstream communities across the study’s 4220 m elevation gradient, so future increases to water stress due to changes in volume and timing of water supply is likely given frozen waters’ high sensitivities to warming temperatures. The combined influence of social, political and climate-induced pressures on water supplies in the Naryn basin suggest the need for proactive planning and adaptation strategies, and warrant concern for similar melt-sourced Central Asian watersheds.
Prajñāpāramitā dans le bouddhisme du Cambodge ancien
Authors: Multzer o’Naghten Hedwige
Published: May 2017

Seule représentation féminine du bouddhisme dans le Cambodge angkorien, la Prajñāpāramitā a, jusqu’ici, suscité peu d’intérêt de la part des chercheurs. Elle demeure discrète, et souvent dans l’ombre d’Avalokiteśvara, puisque le culte de la déesse n’y a jamais connu la même ferveur qu’en Inde. Cependant, alors qu’en Inde le nom renvoie essentiellement aux textes sacrés éponymes vénérés par les tenants du Mahāyāna, au Cambodge, il se réfère surtout à la divinité. Au Xe siècle, elle apparaît dans la statuaire comme dans les inscriptions, mais ce n’est que sous le règne de Jayavarman VII, à la fin du XIIe siècle, qu’elle aura rang de divinité principale. Suivant une évolution liée à l’essor du Mahāyāna pendant la période angkorienne, les images de la Prajñāpāramitā se diversifient à partir du XIIe siècle, donnant naissance à de nouvelles formes iconographiques, inconnues en Inde. Cette étude, qui offre une présentation inédite de la Prajñāpāramitā, tant sous ses aspects artistiques que religieux, met aussi en lumière la primauté fondamentale accordée aux moyens d’atteindre l’Éveil dont elle incarne la voie transcendantale et suprême au sein des courants doctrinaux du bouddhisme Mahāyāna en faveur dans le pays khmer.
Utilizing Electronic Medical Records to Discover Changing Trends of Medical Behaviors Over Time
Authors: Yin Liangying , Huang Zhengxing , Dong Wei , He Chunhua , Duan Huilong
Published: May 2017

Objectives: Medical behaviors are playing significant roles in the delivery of high quality and cost-effective health services. Timely discovery of changing frequencies of medical behaviors is beneficial for the improvement of health services. The main objective of this work is to discover the changing trends of medical behaviors over time.

Methods: This study proposes a two-steps approach to detect essential changing patterns of medical behaviors from Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). In detail, a probabilistic topic model, i.e., Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), is firstly applied to disclose yearly treatment patterns in regard to the risk stratification of patients from a large volume of EMRs. After that, the changing trends by comparing essential/critical medical behaviors in a specific time period are detected and analyzed, including changes of significant patient features with their values, and changes of critical treatment interventions with their occurring time stamps.

Results: We verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach on a clinical dataset containing 12,152 patient cases with a time range of 10 years. Totally, 135 patients features and 234 treatment interventions in three treatment patterns were selected to detect their changing trends. In particular, evolving trends of yearly occurring probabilities of the selected medical behaviors were categorized into six content changing patterns (i.e, 112 growing, 123 declining, 43 up-down, 16 down-up, 35 steady, and 40 jumping), using the proposed approach. Besides, changing trends of execution time of treatment interventions were classified into three occurring time changing patterns (i.e., 175 early-implemented, 50 steady-implemented and 9 delay-implemented).

Conclusions: Experimental results show that our approach has an ability to utilize EMRs to discover essential evolving trends of medical behaviors, and thus provide significant potential to be further explored for health services redesign and improvement.
Single‐Step Genomic and Pedigree Genotype × Environment Interaction Models for Predicting Wheat Lines in International Environments
Authors: Pérez‐Rodríguez Paulino , Crossa José , Rutkoski Jessica , Poland Jesse , Singh Ravi , Legarra Andrés , Autrique Enrique , Campos Gustavo de los , Burgueño Juan , Dreisigacker Susanne
Published: May 2017

Genomic prediction models have been commonly used in plant breeding but only in reduced datasets comprising a few hundred genotyped individuals. However, pedigree information for an entire breeding population is frequently available, as are historical data on the performance of a large number of selection candidates. The single‐step method extends the genomic relationship information from genotyped individuals to pedigree information from a larger number of phenotyped individuals in order to combine relationship information on all members of the breeding population. Furthermore, genomic prediction models that incorporate genotype × environment interactions (G × E) have produced substantial increases in prediction accuracy compared with single‐environment genomic prediction models. Our main objective was to show how to use single‐step genomic and pedigree models to assess the prediction accuracy of 58,798 CIMMYT wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines evaluated in several simulated environments in Ciudad Obregon, Mexico, and to predict the grain yield performance of some of them in several sites in South Asia (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) using a reaction norm model that incorporated G × E. Another objective was to describe the statistical and computational challenges encountered when developing the pedigree and single‐step models in such large datasets. Results indicate that the genomic prediction accuracy achieved by models using pedigree only, markers only, or both pedigree and markers to predict various environments in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh is higher (0.25–0.38) than prediction accuracy of models that use only phenotypic prediction (0.20) or do not include the G × E term.
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Spike Characteristics in Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Zhou Yaopeng , Conway Benjamin , Miller Daniela , Marshall David , Cooper Aaron , Murphy Paul , Chao Shiaoman , Brown‐Guedira Gina , Costa José
Published: May 2017

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike characteristics determine the number of grains produced on each spike and constitute key components of grain yield. Understanding of the genetic basis of spike characteristics in wheat, however, is limited. In this study, genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) and the iSelect 9K assay were used on a doubled‐haploid (DH) soft red winter wheat population that showed a wide range of phenotypic variation for spike traits. A genetic map spanning 2934.1 cM with an average interval length of 3.4 cM was constructed. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis involving additive effects, epistasis (QQ) and QTL × environment (QE), and epistasis × environment (QQE) interactions detected a total of 109 QTL, 13 QE, and 20 QQ interactions in five environments. Spike characteristics were mainly determined by additive effects and were fine‐tuned by QQ, QE, and QQE. Major QTL QSl.cz‐1A/QFsn.cz‐1A explained up to 30.9% of the phenotypic variation for spike length (SL) and fertile spikelet number, QGsp.cz‐2B.1 explained up to 15.6% of the phenotypic variation of grain number per spikelet, and QSc.cz‐5A.3 explained up to 80.2% of the phenotypic variation for spike compactness. Additionally, QTL for correlated spike characteristics formed QTL clusters on chromosomes 1A, 5A, 2B, 3B, 5B, 1D, and 5D. This study expands the understanding of the genetic basis of spike characteristics in hexaploid wheat. A number of stable QTL detected in this study have potential to be used in marker‐assisted selection. Additionally, the genetic map generated in this study could be used to study other traits of economic importance.
Une réalité sans nom : l’impardon
Authors: Perrin Christophe
Published: May 2017

De Hannah Arendt à Jean-Luc Marion en passant par Jankélévitch, Levinas, Derrida et Ricœur, la question du pardon est devenue celle de l’impardonnable, autrement dit celle de la possibilité de pardonner ce qui, parce qu’il ne peut être pardonné, requiert seul le pardon. Aucun d’eux n’a employé le mot impardon alors que tous ont ratifié ce qu’il désigne, chacun affirmant finalement de l’impardonnable. Mais il faut s’interroger sur la possibilité de l’impardonnable lui-même, si l’on considère que ce n’est pas parce qu’il y a de l’impardonnable qu’il y a de l’impardon, mais parce qu’il y a de l’impardon qu’il y a de l’impardonnable. On peut tenter alors de réduire l’impardonnable à l’impardonné, jusqu’à devoir distinguer l’impardon du non-pardon.
Intervenir en institution : préserver de la groupalité et restaurer de l’intermédiaire
Authors: Gaillard Georges
Published: May 2017

Le champ de la mésinscription (soin, travail social, etc.) est massivement impacté par les mutations, et par le mouvement de désinstitutionnalisation, en cours. Il est aux prises avec deux sources principales de déliaison mortifère : celle que présentifient les usagers, d’une part, et celle qui découle des incidences des mutations sociales, des incessantes restructurations et des menaces qu’elles font peser sur les organisations institutionnelles, d’autre part. Celles-ci s’en trouvent grandement fragilisées et le travail de nouage en devient d’autant plus exigeant, car il requiert toujours plus d’énergie, face aux différents niveaux par où les liens sont déstabilisés, malmenés, détruits. Dans ce contexte, l’analyse de la pratique peut être pensée comme paradigmatique des pratiques de régulations, en tant qu’elle peuvent contribuer à faire tenir ensemble ce qui tend à se morceler au sein de la vie institutionnelle ; à préserver de la créativité et de l’investissement dans un univers où les marges de libertés (professionnelles) n’ont de cesse de se restreindre. Ces pratiques peuvent se donner pour visée de soutenir, voire de faire advenir, du groupe comme une instance suffisamment unifiante, participant en cela à la reconstruction des collectifs de travail et du « bien commun ».
La déliaison orchestrée par le thanatophore, une défense possible pour les institutions : l’objet de la relation
Authors: Barrer Laurence
Published: May 2017

L’objectif de cet article est d’esquisser un positionnement institutionnel de défense lors de la convocation d’un « thanatophore » et d’apporter quelques éléments à la théorie déjà existante. Les concepts de thanatophore et de pervers narcissique sont les bases sur lesquelles cet article s’appuie pour en rendre compte. L’émergence de cette personnalité engendre une déliaison extrême conviant la mort physique aux portes des institutions mettant à mal l’existence des liens institutionnels et des alliances inconscientes du groupe. L’auteur développe l’hypothèse que la défense du groupe contre la déliaison et sa tentative de restructuration du lien s’organisent et se figurent autour d’objets de relation, et, que les conditions de l’émergence de mouvements pervers sont inhérentes à certaines institutions. Après avoir repris le modèle du thanatophore, l’articulation avec une expérience clinique dans une institution de soin psychique aboutira à mettre en perspective une défense institutionnelle possible face à ces processus pervers de déliaison.
Enjeux et actualité de l’étude de cas clinique de groupe dans la recherche contemporaine
Authors: Canet Géraldine , Falquet Christine , Lecourt Édith
Published: May 2017

Ancrée dans une longue tradition, l’étude de cas est une modalité de recherche toujours actuelle et féconde, véritable «  noyau vivant  » entre pratique clinique et élaboration théorique. Nous constatons que la pratique clinique groupale référée à l’épistémologie psychanalytique, pourtant très largement pratiquée dans le quotidien des institutions mais d’une complexité difficile à restituer, fait peu l’objet de véritables études de cas. Deux cas nous paraissent princeps : Chronique d’un groupe de R. Kaës et D. Anzieu (1976) dans le champ du groupe, et l’étude de cas d’ Edward , dans Creative Music Therapy de Nordoff et Robbins (1977) pour la médiation artistique. À partir des fondements posés par ces deux cas et de données de la littérature, nous proposons de réfléchir aux enjeux de valorisation de la clinique groupale.
‘An Uphill Job Demanding Limitless Patience’.The Establishment of Trade Unions and the Conflicts of Development in Sudan, 1946-1952
Authors: Vezzadini Elena
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on conflicts of development from the point of view of the entanglement between development, labour legislation, and labour conflicts during the time of decolonisation. It describes the origins of the trade union movement in Sudan, created after the Second World War, and covers the history of that movement up until 1952, the year in which its curve of radicalisation was stopped and it turned towards more conciliatory labour relations. Dwelling on internal sources emanating from the colonial government and the various labour attachés sent to Khartoum, the chapter aims to shed light on the reciprocal influences and feedback effect between the three main actors of these conflicts: the British government, whose agenda set colonial labour welfare as a top priority; a reluctant Sudanese government accustomed to decades of laissez-faire in matters of labour; and the workers, who quite suddenly discovered that they had the power to compel the government to listen to their demands.
A Neo-Liberal Exception? The Defence Industry ‘Turkification’ Project
Authors: Réal-Pinto Anouck Gabriela Côrte
Published: May 2017

Presented at once as an example, and even a condition of the economic, technological, political and security development of Turkey, the ‘Turkification’ of the defence industry lies at the heart of the government’s legitimacy. Following a socio-historical approach, this chapter aims to understand how this major project, inseparable from the ongoing formation of the state and of a national bourgeoisie organically related to it, was reconfigured in the neo-liberal era not despite globalisation but based on it, particularly through the commodification of Muslim solidarity and military protection. This project appears to constitute an instrument of ‘nationaliberal’ extraversion that is part of an unstable quest for hegemony, riven by numerous conflicts.
Mining Individual Learning Topics in Course Reviews Based on Author Topic Model
Authors: Liu Sanya , Ni Cheng , Liu Zhi , Peng Xian , Cheng Hercy N.H.
Published: May 2017

Nowadays, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) has obtained a rapid development and drawn much attention from the areas of learning analytics and artificial intelligence. There are lots of unstructured data being generated in online reviews area. The learning behavioral data become more and more diverse, and they prompt the emergence of big data in education. To mine useful information from these data, we need to use educational data mining and learning analysis technique to study the learning feelings and discussed topics among learners. This paper aims to mine and analyze topic information hidden in the unstructured reviews data in MOOC, a novel author topic model based on an unsupervised learning idea is proposed to extract learning topics for the each learner. According to the experimental results, we will analyze and focuses of interests of learners, which facilitates further personalized course recommendation and improve the quality of online courses.
The Effect of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Learning-Language Lab versus Mobile-Assisted Learning
Authors: Shih Ru-Chu
Published: May 2017

In recent years, the rapid advancement of information technology has had a great impact on our daily life and changed the world in which we operate; in particular, mobile devices have become more portable and powerful than ever. As a result, mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) and ubiquitous learning have been widely adopted in a variety of studies. However, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of teaching English for specific purposes (ESP), i.e., the Business Language Testing Service (BULATS) for college students in a language laboratory and through the mobile LINE app. A total of 72 college students were randomly assigned to two groups, a language lab group and a mobile learning group, for 10 weeks of instruction. The findings revealed that the students in the mobile learning group had significantly positive attitudes toward the teaching method and learning content and high user satisfaction. In addition, the learning performance of the students in the mobile learning group was better than that in the language lab group.