bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evangelização e revitalização urbana
Authors: Santos Josefa Alves dos
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo objetiva compreender e refletir sobre o sentido dos projetos de revitalização urbana nos centros das grandes cidades, para encontrar nesta, que é uma característica da cultura pós-moderna, as oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de uma nova pastoral urbana. Considera os benefícios sociais e oportunidades criados pelos novos projetos urbanos, mas também observa as consequências negativas geradas pela exclusão dos antigos habitantes dos espaços revitalizados. De que forma a Igreja pode colaborar para uma revitalização que valorize a vida, sobretudo onde esta é mais frágil e dependente? Tomando como referenciais teóricos, Del Rio, Simões Jr. e o Documento de Aparecida, este estudo busca lançar luzes para que o anúncio de Cristo e do seu Evangelho possa penetrar de forma criativa e eficaz no coração dos novos centros urbanos, para que desperte a compaixão e a criatividade missionária para incluir os excluídos, através de projetos e parcerias entre Igreja, comércio, Estado e iniciativa privada. Assim, será possível enxergar a face da verdadeira Beleza por detrás dos centros e monumentos revitalizados.
Sujeitos do Diálogo: abordagem e implicações a partir da Teologia Católica
Authors: Silva Éverton Aparecido da
Published: December 2021

O diálogo consiste numa atitude espontânea em busca do encontro dos diferentes capaz de gerar frutos de uma experiência gratuita onde a beleza e o encanto do outro aproxima e cativa. Ao cristão, cabe ficar atento às necessidades e possibilidades do diálogo, é pré-condição para abertura ao pluralismo eclesial e religioso. As possibilidades de crescimento por meio do diálogo são inúmeras e legítimas. Sob a ótica de uma Teologia que preze pelo diálogo como mediador de aprendizagens significativas e da ressignificação das interações na troca diária de conhecimentos construídos mutuamente, acena-se como objetivo a relação dialogal como paradigma do agir cristão, promovendo a participação ativa dos agentes pastorais, ministros ordenados ou não, da Igreja Católica. A identidade do sujeito eclesial possui uma configuração relacional, que se dá com sua comunidade, na sociedade e com as diferentes tradições eclesiais e religiosas. Jesus é modelo de escuta, diálogo e anúncio, é o referencial na busca de estabelecer o diálogo no encontro com o outro. Com o Vaticano II se redescobre a beleza de ser a Igreja que Jesus formou para evangelizar o mundo. O diálogo como paradigma do agir cristão possui como fim a unidade do Povo de Deus.
Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) for energy efficiency in Fog Computing
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Wadhwa Heena , Singh Pardeep , Toor Harpreet Kaur
Published: December 2021

Fog Computing is eminent to ensure quality of service in handling huge volume and variety of data and to display output, or for closed loop process control. It comprises of fog devices to manage huge data transmission but results in high energy consumption, end-to end-delay, latency. In this paper, an energy model for fog computing environment has been proposed and implemented based on teacher student learning model called Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) to improve the responsiveness of the fog network in terms of energy optimization. The results show the effectiveness of TLBO in choosing the shortest path with least energy consumption.
Analysis of Various Network Traffic Classification Techniques
Authors: Puri Shivam , Kaur Sukhpreet
Published: December 2021

There are several interconnected entities present within the networked data for which the generation of inferences is important. For instance, hyperlinks are used to interconnect the web pages, calls are used to link the phone accounts, and references are used to connect the research papers and so on. Almost every existing application includes networks within it. The daily lives of individuals include social networking, making financial transactions, generating networks that show physical systems and so on. The manner in which the nodes present within the system influence each other can be known through this research. On the basis of observed attributed of an object within the system, another attributed is predicted using new model. The various network traffic classification techniques are reviewed in terms of certain parameters.
KEY ASPECTS OF CREATING APIPHYTOCOMPOSITIONS
Authors:   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Beekeeping Named After P.I. Prokopovich», Kyiv, Davydova Н. I. , Нotska S. М. ,   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Beekeeping Named After P.I. Prokopovich», Kyiv, Postoienko Volodymyr ,   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Beekeeping Named After P.I. Prokopovich», Kyiv, Akymenko L.I. ,   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Beekeeping Named After P.I. Prokopovich», Kyiv, Lazareva L.M. ,   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Beekeeping Named After P.I. Prokopovich», Kyiv
Published: December 2021

Показано результати дослідження меду, прополісу, різних анатомічних відділів тілець бджіл та екстракту з них, ехінацеї як складових харчових продуктів дієтичних добавок – апіфітокомпозицій. Установлено, що при оцінюванні якості за органолептичними, фізико-хімічними та мікробіологічними показниками досліджувані зразки відповідають вимогам нормативної документації. Доведено, що УФ-спектри можуть слугувати для експресного кількісного оцінювання витяжок з ехінацеї, необхідного для дотримання стандартних умов при виготовленні апіфітокомпозицій із цієї рослини. Ключові слова: дієтична добавка - апіфітокомпозиція, продукти бджільництва, лікарські рослини.
INFLUENCE OF INCREASING OF GENEALOGICAL HETEROGENEITY OF CARPATHIAN BEES OF THE SYNEVYR TYPE ON THE CHANGE OF THEIR VITAL SIGNS
Authors:   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Beekeeping Named After P.I. Prokopovich», Kyiv, Ukraine., Papp Viktor , Kerek Stepan ,   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Beekeeping Named After P.I. Prokopovich», Kyiv, Ukraine., Keily Emiliia ,   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Beekeeping Named After P.I. Prokopovich», Kyiv, Ukraine.
Published: December 2021

Життєві показники відселекціонованих чистопородних карпатських бджіл типу «Синевир» оцінено в двох селекційних періодах, де кількість генеалогічних груп відповідно рівнялась 5 та 13. Відмічено зменшення кількості випадків появи інфекційних захворювань у другому селекційному періоді на 2,5%, зменшення появи строкатого розплоду на 2%, збільшення кількості здорових сімей на 4,7%. Зменшилася кількість випадків стійкого ройового стану на 9,8%. Сила бджолиних сімей збільшилася на 5,7%. Товарна медова продуктивність сімей збільшилась на 4,8%. Збільшення генеалогічної гетерогенності дослідної групи бджолиних сімей позитивно вплинуло на досліджені життєві показники. Ключові слова: карпатські бджоли, життєві показники, продуктивні характеристики.
Territorial and economic aspects of urbanization in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bekenova L. M. , Seitkhamzina G. Zh. , Akhatova E. Kh.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the work is to study the problems of territorial and economic development within the confines of regulated activation of urbanization processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To achieve it, authors analysed the statistical data on such indicators as population density, administrative-territorial division, according to which significant disproportions of territorial and economic development and settlement in the republic, the development of the regions of Kazakhstan were revealed. The authors studied the main provisions of regional policy, considered the main directions of state management of the formation of centers of urbanization with the decisive role of cities with a population of millions people in the optimization of regional economic systems. Research on this topic allowed the authors to conclude that the process of urbanization in Kazakhstan has a dynamic character and has not yet exhausted its potential, which gives reason to conclude that it is necessary to form new centers of urbanization and agglomerations. The article examines the main trends of the urbanization process at the present stage, namely, in economically developed countries, where urbanization has reached a sufficiently high level, the share of the urban population is growing at a slower pace, whereas in developing countries the urbanization process continues to grow in breadth and has a spontaneous, uncontrollable character. At the same time, the growth of population in cities far outstrips their economic development. Materials and research methods. When studying the territorial and economic features of urbanization in Kazakhstan, a complex of the following research methods were used: monographic, program-targeted, statistical analysis. In this work also used such theoretical research methods as comparisons and generalizations, scientific abstraction and synthesis.
Mаnаgеmеnt prіncіplеs of іnnovаtіvе dеvеlopmеnt of busіnеss structurеs іn thе Rеpublіc of Kаzаkhstаn
Authors: Kаssіmgаzіnovа А. M. , Nurgаlіеvа А. А. , Kеnzhеtаyеvа G. K. , Kuаntkаn B.
Published: December 2021

Thе sustаіnаbіlіty of іnnovаtіvе dеvеlopmеnt іs onе of thе dеcіsіvе fаctors іn еnsurіng thе country's compеtіtіvеnеss, іts еconomіc, tеchnologіcаl, еnvіronmеntаl sаfеty аnd stаblе dеvеlopmеnt. Аn іnnovаtіvе modеl of thе еconomy еnsurеs thе country's sustаіnаblе wеll-bеіng, both іn thе prеsеnt аnd іn thе futurе. Іn thіs rеgаrd, thе stаtе should pаy spеcіаl аttеntіon to thе dеvеlopmеnt of nаtіonаl іnnovаtіvе еntrеprеnеurshіp. Today, innovative development is the most important task for the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author studied the number of small and medium-sized businesses operating in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the level of innovation. This testifies to the results of innovative activities, but at the same time indicates the still low level of innovative activity of the domestic entrepreneurship. Іt should bе notеd thаt dеspіtе thе growth of іnnovаtіvеly аctіvе еntеrprіsеs, thе еntrеprеnеurіаl аctіvіty of domеstіc еntеrprіsеs іn thе fіеld of іnnovаtіons іs stіll low. Kаzаkhstаn іs hіghly dеpеndеnt on forеіgn dеvеlopmеnts аnd tеchnologіеs аlrеаdy іmplеmеntеd аnd usеd, whіch hіndеrs thе procеss of mаnаgіng аnd modеrnіzіng іts іndustrіаl bаsе. Thus, rаіsіng thе lеvеl of domеstіc іnnovаtіvе еntrеprеnеurshіp, еnhаncіng іts аctіvіtіеs rеquіrеs solvіng mаny problеms аssocіаtеd wіth thе dеvеlopmеnt of аn іnnovаtіvе еnvіronmеnt, trаіnіng of quаlіfіеd spеcіаlіsts іn dеmаnd, stіmulаtіon, fіnаncіng, rеgulаtіon of іnnovаtіvе аctіvіty, wіth thе furthеr formаtіon of thе lеgіslаtіvе frаmеwork for аn іnnovаtіvе modеl of thе еconomy. Іn thіs rеgаrd, thе аrtіclе proposеs mеаsurеs thаt nееd to bе іmplеmеntеd to еnhаncе іnnovаtіvе dеvеlopmеnt іn Kаzаkhstаn.
Innovative development mechanisms of health care as a foundation of the social policy of the state
Authors: Mukhiyayeva D. M. , Baraboshkin V. K. , Zhijian Cui
Published: December 2021

The social policy of a modern state should be aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life for a person and their free development as an individual. The most important areas of social activity of the state should be labor protection and improvement of people's health, ensuring a guaranteed minimum wage, full employment, state support for large families, students, motherhood and childhood, disabled people and pensioners. The objectives of social policy are: increasing incomes and social protection of the population; optimization of social and labor relations; improving the health of citizens; protection of motherhood and childhood and state support of the family. These factors determine the relevance ofstudying and developing methods of financing healthcare. The article pays attention to the issues of social insurance, as it is an integral part of the general insurance system. However, social insurance has a number of significant features that are determined by the requirements of social protection of citizens. Together with the state budget, significant amounts of financial resources are accumulated in social insurance funds, directed to solving problems of socio-economic development, which is reflected in this article. In the practice of healthcare financing in Kazakhstan, certain negative trends have developed, leading to inefficiency in the use of allocated budget allocations, which are emphasized in the work. Based on the results of the study, the issues of creating a stable financial base for compulsory social health insurance in the Republic of Kazakhstan are systematized.
Leasing as a source of enterprises financing In Kazakhstan: analysis and problems
Authors: Yеssenovа G. Zh. , Imangalieva М. A. , Dauletkhanova Zh. D.
Published: December 2021

The article reflects the importance of leasing in the search for the most attractive sources of innovative and investment development of the economy of Kazakhstan. In conditions of limited own funds, the role of borrowed sources of financing of investment projects for achieving effective goals of enterprises increases. Such sources of financing are bank lending, leasing, factoring, and issuing promissory notes. Leasing is considered as part of a reasonable strategic financial management, the use of which allows you to update the main production assets of the enterprise, as well as provides additional opportunities to improve the effectiveness of the financial management of a commercial enterprise. Deep changes in the economic conditions of management dictate the need to find and implement methods for updating the material base and modifying fixed assets for our economy. The analysis of the main trends of development of the leasing market of Kazakhstan and its innovative development: a large number of leasing companies and the products offered on the market of leasing services allows to choose the funding strategy of the enterprise. In economically developed countries, leasing solves the problem of stimulating economic growth by accelerating the renewal of fixed capital, reducing the duration of the technological cycle.Therefore, the specifics of leasing as an instrument of economic policy aimed at accelerating the development of production potential is as follows: leasing leads to an increase in the high rate of renewal of fixed capital. The expansion of the leasing market largely depended on the active participation of the state in the development of leasing in many sectors of the economy.
Monetary and exchange policy of Kazakhstan: current problems and ways of improvement
Authors: Abieva S. N. , Ilyasova G. G.
Published: December 2021

The National Bank of Kazakhstan continues to pursue monetary policy in accordance with the principles of inflation targeting. As part of the medium-term strategy, the National Bank has reduced the target inflation corridor by one percentage point in 2020. Due to the global crisis of recent years, the National Bank has set a task to keep the inflation rate in the 4-6% corridor to stabilize the economy. The inflation rate at the end of 2020 was 7.5%. The National Bank has set a task to reduce this indicator to the level of the target corridor of 4-6% in 2021. Also, in conducting monetary policy, the National Bank has made decisions that have an anti-inflationary effect for the medium term, that is, the target level will decrease by 4% in 2021 and beyond. The preservation of monetary conditions by the regulator at a neutral level was characterized by a decrease in short-term rates after slow inflation. In 2019, against the background of a further decrease in inflation, it was decided to raise the base rate. At the same time, market participants may regard monetary conditions as the beginning of tightening. In Kazakhstan, the financial regulator sets the rate depending on the size of real and expected inflation in the country, external factors that determine the state of the balance of payments, as well as taking into account the need to maintain economic development. The article discusses the methods of conducting the monetary and monetary policy of Kazakhstan, as well as issues and ways to improve it.
Key problems of agro-industrial development in Kazakhstan and ways to solve them
Authors: Kerimova U. K. , Kasenbayev G. S.
Published: December 2021

To provide food to the population of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to develop agricultural production based on the introduction of innovative technologies and new knowledge. In order to implement the tasks set, it is necessary to solve the problems in this industry that hinder its development. The purpose of writing the article is to identify the problems of the development of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan and to justify the ways to solve them. We present the actual problems of the development of the country's agro-industrial complex, which must be solved within the framework of the implementation of the National Project for the development of the Agro-industrial Complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021–2025. The purpose of this project is to provide the country's population with essential foodstuffs, according to the established, scientifically based physiological consumption rate (SBPC). The key problems of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan are low technical equipment of the branch with agricultural machinery and technology, inefficient use of natural resources, in particular land, water, the presence of a large number of small non-commodity farms, low level of processing of agricultural products, a lot of intermediaries between the production and sale of grown products, poor implementation of the results of scientific research and development of agricultural scientists, low level of storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products, etc. The article highlights such issues as the unattractiveness of this area for investment, low labor productivity, the need to develop state support mechanisms, the widespread introduction of innovative technologies, etc. The ways of solving the above-mentioned problems of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan are substantiated and reasoned.
Proces zamjene hrvatske kune eurom i očekivani utjecaj na gospodarska kretanja
Authors: Cvitanović Vesna , Širanović Petra
Published: December 2021

Zadatak rada je istražiti tijek operacionalizacije procesa zamjene hrvatske kune eurom i utvrditi realne mogućnosti Republike Hrvatske za ispunjavanje četiri obvezna Kriterija nominalne konvergencije. Cilj je rada usmjeren na potvrđivanje hipoteze da će uvođenje eura donijeti pozitivne promjene životnog standarda hrvatskih građana, kvalitetnu platformu za uspješnije poslovanje gospodarskih subjekata i pozitivan trend ukupnih makroekonomskih pokazatelja. Korištenjem sekundarnih izvora podataka, javno dostupnih službenih publikacija i analizom internetskih izvora te primjenjujući metode komparacije, sinteze i indukcije, došlo se je do najvažnijih rezultata istraživanja: za Hrvatsku postoji realna mogućnost ostvarenja sva četiri Kriterija nominalne konvergencije: stabilnosti cijena, održivosti javnih financija, stabilnosti tečaja i konvergencije dugoročnih kamatnih stopa i da 2023. godine uđe u europodručje. Porast životnog standarda građana, blagi rast cijena, uklanjanje valutnih rizika, smanjenje troškova zaduživanja, poticanje međunarodne razmjene, povećanje stranih ulaganja te brži gospodarski rast i razvoj prednosti su koje će Hrvatskoj donijeti zamjena hrvatske kune eurom.
Estrategias para disminuir las causas que afectan el rendimiento académico en la tropa del servicio militar voluntario, en Suyo – Perú
Authors: Saldaña Luis Alberto Saavedra , Mendoza Mario Napoleón Briones
Published: December 2021

Las causas que afectan en el rendimiento académico al personal militar son múltiples, siendo importantes poner la atención en factores como personales, familia, docente, escuela, regimiento y los afectivos. El propósito fue diseñar una propuesta de estrategias para disminuir las causas que afectan el rendimiento académico. La metodología fue no experimental, transaccional proyectiva, la muestra fue de 128 soldados del servicio militar voluntario del Regimiento Gran Mariscal Necochea N° 7 Suyo, se utilizó un cuestionario de 46 ítems, validado por expertos cuya confiabilidad fue de Alfa = ,894. Resultados: En los factores asociados al estudiante, existe escasa responsabilidad y no escasos hábitos de estudio. Factor familia, bajo apoyo y medios económicos bajos. Factor docente, baja asistencia y responsabilidad en las labores académicas, trato y enseñanza deficiente. Factor escuela; no se cuenta con los medios y materiales suficientes. Facto motivación y afectivo, baja motivación, dificultades en las relaciones interpersonales. Factor regimiento escasas condiciones para el estudio y ambientes no apropiados. Conclusión: Dada la importancia de los factores mencionados y que están afectando el rendimiento académico es necesario hacer una propuesta de estrategias metodológicas con fundamento científico que permitan reducir esta problemática encontrada.
CHARACTERIZATION IN TERMS OF COMPOSITION AND PHYTOTOXICITY OF AQUEOUS SPORES EXTRACT
Authors: Drăghiceanu Oana-Alexandra , Șuțan Anca Nicoleta , Dobrescu Codruța Mihaela , Bătut-Andrei Nicoleta Doruța , Soare Liliana Cristina , Topală Carmen Mihaela
Published: December 2021

In this study, we used aqueous extracts of fern spores and solution of AgNO3 and HAuCl4 for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles Au:Ag in different proportions: 1:1 and 1:10. The spores used come from 2 species of ferns: Asplenium scolopendrium and Dryopteris filix-mas. For the characterization of the extracts with or without bimetallic nanoparticles we applied Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Phytotoxicity was tested using Pisum sativum seeds. Each extract was tested in 2 dilutions: 1:10 (D10) and 1:100 (D100). The parameters, which we determinate were the root and stem growth and fresh biomass. Root growth was stimulated in variants with Asplenium scolopendrium extract: without nanoparticles both dilution and with Au:Ag nanoparticles 1:10 D10. The highest values obtained for the stem were at D10 at the variants with Asplenium scolopendrium extract with or without bimetallic nanoparticles. The influence of extracts on fresh biomass was smaller than on the growth of root and stem.
Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features and the risk of malignancy in thyroid cytology: Data from Singapore
Authors: Lee Bryan Wei Wen , Bundele Manish Mahadeorao , Tan Rong , Fu Ernest Wei Zhong , Chew Agnes Siqi , Wong Junice Shi Hui , Siew Caroline Ching Hsia , Lim Brenda Su Ping , Dalan Rinkoo , Lim Ming Yann , Gan Yijin Jereme , Li Hao
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The impact of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) on the risk of malignancy (ROM) in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) per The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology has not been well reported in Singapore. Methods: We retrospectively identified 821 thyroid nodules with preoperative FNAC from 788 patients out of 1,279 consecutive thyroidectomies performed between January 2010 and August 2016 in a tertiary general hospital in Singapore. Possible cases of NIFTP were reviewed for reclassification and the impact of NIFTP on ROM was analysed. Results: The incidence of NIFTP was 1.2% (10 out of 821). If NIFTP is considered benign, ROM in Bethesda I through VI were 8.6%, 3.5%, 26.3%, 20.0%, 87.7%, 97.0% versus 8.6%, 4.2%, 28.1%, 26.7%, 89.2% and 100% if NIFTP is considered malignant. Eight patients with NIFTP had follow-up of 15 to 110 months. One had possible rib metastasis as evidenced by I131 uptake but remained free of structural or biochemical disease during a follow-up period of 110 months. None had lymph node metastasis at presentation, nor locoregional or distant recurrence. Conclusion: Classifying NIFTP as benign decreased ROM in Bethesda II through VI, but the benignity of NIFTP requires more prospective studies to ascertain. The impact of NIFTP on ROM in our institution also appears to be lower than that reported in the Western studies Keywords: Bethesda, cytology, NIFTP, risk of malignancy, TBSRTC, thyroid nodule
CLASIFICADOR DE RED NEURONAL CONVOLUCIONAL PARA IDENTIFICAR ENFERMEDADES DEL FRUTO DE AGUACATE (Persea americana Mill.) A PARTIR DE IMÁGENES DIGITALES
Authors: Campos Ferreira Ulises Enrique , González Camacho Juan Manuel
Published: December 2021

México es el productor principal de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) en el mundo; sin embargo, este fruto en postcosecha es susceptible a hongos fitopatógenos que reducen su calidad. Por ello, la identificación oportuna de estos organismos con base en herramientas no invasivas, como los análisis por medio de inteligencia artificial resulta de interés para reducir pérdidas económicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue implementar un modelo de aprendizaje automático con una base de datos de imágenes digitales de frutos colectados en campo, a través de crear un clasificador de red neuronal convolucional (CNN), entrenarlo y validarlo para identificar frutos sanos de aguacate cv. Fuerte y frutos infectados con roña (Sphaceloma perseae Jenkins) o antracnosis (Colletotrichum spp.) de la zona productora en el Estado de Morelos, México. Frutos de aguacate sanos se recolectaron en campo, y también frutos con roña y antracnosis de huertos diferentes para generar un conjunto de 569 imágenes digitales. Las transformaciones de éstas aumentaron el conjunto de datos a 3983 imágenes. El modelo CNN se entrenó con una partición aleatoria de 80% de las imágenes y se validó para predicción con el 20% restante. La CNN alcanzó una precisión global de clasificación correcta de 80% con el conjunto de validación. Además, el clasificador se evaluó con un conjunto de prueba de 100 imágenes no incluidas en el conjunto original y obtuvo una precisión global de clasificación correcta de 87%. El clasificador de aprendizaje profundo por CNN implementado en este estudio representa el uso factible de la inteligencia artificial para su aplicación en la identificación de enfermedades en aguacate a partir de imágenes digitales en la etapa de postcosecha.
LA NIXTAMALIZACIÓN DEL MAÍZ, EJE DE LA CULTURA MESOAMERICANA, TUVO SU ANTECEDENTE EN EL COMBATE DE INSECTOS
Authors: Lagunes Tejeda Angel , Rodriguez Maciel J. Concepción , Silva Aguayo Gonzalo , Rodríguez Lagunes Daniel Arturo
Published: December 2021

El maíz (Zea mays L.) es un cultivo fundamental en la alimentación de los mexicanos. Además, tiene connotaciones divinas, místicas, tradicionales y poéticas. Sin duda, es una de las más importantes aportaciones de México a la gastronomía y nutrición del mundo. La creación de variedades del grano de maíz y sus derivados ha sido un proceso desarrollado por el ser humano durante milenios y solo se conoce de manera parcial su información etnobotánica y coevolutiva. Entre los procesos de la domesticación del maíz que son elusivos a la conclusión científica se encuentran, lugar de origen; parientes silvestres que sirvieron como bases para selección y domesticación; y el origen de la innovación conocida como nixtamalización del grano de maíz. Aunque existe consenso de que México y Mesoamérica son centro de origen y dispersión geográfica del maíz, los sitios específicos y sus momentos permanecen desconocidos. Respecto a los parientes silvestres, la hipótesis principal es que el teocintle (Zea spp.) fue la especie de planta que sirvió de base para seleccionarla y modificarla hasta obtener el maíz como se conoce en la actualidad. En relación con la invención o el descubrimiento de la nixtamalización, como eje de la creación y diversificación de productos alimenticios a partir del maíz, claves en el desarrollo cultural de Mesoamérica, esta reflexión apoya la hipótesis de que el uso de la cal para proteger los granos de maíz del ataque de plagas dio origen al proceso que se conoce como nixtamalización. Dicho proceso es la base para producir la masa para elaborar las tortillas mexicanas, las cuales representan el pilar nutricional más importante de la población en México, y son el fundamento de nuestra cultura del maíz.
Gender Toxicity in Language Communication
Authors: Lubis Bambang Nur Alamsyah , Daulay Irma Khoirot , Husda Azizah
Published: December 2021

This study deals with gender toxicity in language communication. The aim of this study is to describe toxic language that is accepted by male and female in circle communication. Descriptive qualitative is used as research method of this study. This study described the result of society language communication recorder. The result, there are two kinds of toxic language, toxic muscularity and toxic femininity language that was accepted by male and female in language communication.
A Model for Detection and Prevention of Unbalanced Bid in the Public Work Procurement Process in India
Authors:   Building Engineering and Management Department, Chouksey Ms. Richa
Published: December 2021

Indian Public procurement works contribute almost 30% of the total GDP, most of the large and massively funded projects are public-funded, utilizing the tax collected from the citizens of the country. Hence, any discrepancies associated with such projects have direct implications on the taxpayers. The public procurement process, due to legal bindings and ethics is prone to various malpractices, that affect the overall performance of the system. Hence, it becomes imperative to prevent anomalies associated with the public procurement process. One of the anomalies associated with public procurement is an Unbalanced bid, a method of redistributing the project cost such that it varies from the Engineer’s Estimate. The ethics related to Unbalanced bid varies, contractors state that unbalanced bidding is moral and find its application beneficial to the project performance while clients and officials opine that an unbalanced bid is an unethical practice to jeopardize project progress and client’s money. The unbalanced bid can be of four types – Quantity Error Exploitation, Front-loaded Bid, Back loaded Bid, and Collusive bid. The research intends to propose a model to detect and prevent unbalanced bids respecting the constraints of the public procurement process in India, enhancing project performance, and protecting tax payer’s money.
Why Science Teachers Can't Teach in Informal Learning Environments?
Authors:   Professor at the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ege University & İzmir, Turkey, TuRKMEN Hakan
Published: December 2021

Teaching science in informal learning environments (ILE) are of great importance for the science course. In this learning process, students behave like scientists and develop their high-level thinking skills. To establish a connection between daily life and natural sciences is another way to add ILE into formal education. In the literature, many studies declared a few teachers teach science in ILE. The purpose of this study, to determine the difficulties or problems faced by science teachers in the process of science teaching using ILE and what kind of solutions teachers offer about these problems or difficulties. The research was carried out by using descriptive research. The study group consists of 144 science teachers, selecting by easily accessible sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods. Ten open-ended questions were asked to the participants. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data. As a result, teachers had problems/difficulties in managerial-based, student-based, parent-based, ILE-based, school location-based, economy-based, curriculum-based and teacher skill and knowledge-based.
The Relationship of Aldosterone and the Degree of Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors:   Associate Professor, Ph.D., Head of the Department of Hospital therapy and Endocrinology, Andijan State Medical Institute, Yusupova Sh. K.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to study the relationship between aldosterone and the degree of obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes associated with chronic heart failure.The features of metabolic and hormonal disorders were studied in 65 patients with DM2 and CHF, including 29 women and 36 men.The patients were subjected to anthropometric studies (OT, OB, OT/OB, BMI). The interpretation of BMI indicators was carried out in accordance with WHO recommendations. In the studied groups of subjects, lipid fluctuations varied from normal values to their significant deviations in group 3 of patients with grade 2 obesity.The main physiological effects of aldosterone that are important in CHF are 1) sodium and fluid retention (activation of renal aldosterone receptors); 2) activation of aldosterone-dependent; 3) increased excretion of potassium and magnesium; 4) delayed excretion of norepinephrine.So, our results confirm the results of these studies and require further study.In 54.5% of patients with DM2 and CHF with obesity of the 1st degree and 81.8% of patients with obesity of the 2nd degree, an increased level of plasma aldosterone is determined, accompanied by an increased content of renin, p < 0.05
Judicial Review By Public Prosecutors In Criminal Cases
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia, Dwiputra Brahmantio
Published: December 2021

Law enforcement efforts should begin to consider and make victims as parties who have an interest in the judicial process. Victims of criminal acts so far have not received enough attention in an effort to fight for justice. The things that are considered and considered include legal certainty, expediency and justice. Legal certainty is closely related to the guarantee of protection to the community against arbitrary actions aimed at public order, while expediency is to create the greatest benefit or happiness to the community, while justice is truth, impartiality, can be accounted for and treats every human being at the same time. equal position before the law (equality before the law). Likewise, the judicial review institution as part of an extraordinary effort in enforcing the law should also be based on these three objectives. On the other hand, the unaccommodated or unaccommodated interests of the victims in the legal provisions encourage interpretations that lead to the defence of interests and justice for the victims, even though in the end it is considered contrary to the law. On this basis, reforms or formal legal reforms summarized in the Criminal Procedure Code, especially in the discussion on review, should be carried out immediately. Of course, these reforms must make the Criminal Procedure Code better and able to accommodate various problems that have not been accommodated so far. This new formal legal provision can later annul conflicting legal provisions between PERMA, the Constitutional Court's Decision and so on. In addition, it is hoped that the new KUHAP will also be able to end the pros and cons and confusion regarding the submission of a judicial review that has so far occurred in a criminal justice process.
Analysis of the Effect of Covid-19 on Stock Prices in IDX30
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Astawinetu Erwin Dyah
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has hit Indonesia since March 2020 until now. This health disaster has affect Indonesia's macroeconomic conditions and the performance of many companies. The study examined the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the stock prices of all companies included in the IDX30 Index. The hypothesis test used is the average difference test. The results of the study found that the Covid-19 pandemic could have a positive, negative, or no effect on the stock prices of companies included in the IDX30 Index.
Applications of a “Carry-Over” Enhanced DSBM Intertemporal Technical Efficiency Model on the Taiwanese 5G Industry
Authors: Liu Day-Yang , Fan Hui-Chien , Shieh Joseph C.P. , Lin Cheng-Hsien
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Taiwan has proven itself successful at both inventing the key technologies leading
to the development of 5G (fifth generation wireless technology)-related industries
and serving as an indispensable link in the burgeoning 5G-industrial global supply
chain. This study analyzes the current state of Taiwan’s 5G industry via the
utilization the purpose of this study is to the Dynamic Slacks-Based Measure
(DSBM). To achieve this purpose, a dynamic-data production process model was
developed to analyze the 5G industry’s overall relative efficiency. Results indicate
that (1) key chip-producing companies typically experience increased efficiency
following 5G R&D industry development investment, and that said companies’
relative efficiency is, indeed, affected positively by R&D investment; and (2) key
chip companies’ relative increases of efficiency were higher than those of brand
terminal and downstream-industry-category companies, while companies with
higher levels of R&D investment exhibited relatively higher and more significant
levels of efficiency. Finally, it was discovered that the relative efficiency of
Taiwan's 5G-related industries’ R&D investment was, indeed, statistically
significant in terms of the Taiwanese government’s industrial policies regarding 5G
R&D investment.
Keywords: Dynamic Slacks-Based Measure (DSBM), 5G Industry, R&D Inputs.
Phytonematodes as a limiting biotic factor of agricultural production in the world (review)
Authors: Kalatur K. A. , Yanse L. A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To analyze domestic and foreign scientific literature on the species composition and harmfulness of the world's most dangerous parasitic species of phytonematodes in crops.

Results. Today, according to the available literature, the most dangerous species of phytonematodes include: gall nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), cyst-forming nematode (Heterodera spp. and Globodera spp.), root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.), banana drill nematode (Radoholus similis), stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci), pine stem nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis), xiphinema index (Xiphinema index), false head nematode (Nacobbus aberrans), and rice leaf nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi).

Conclusions. The results of research on the prevalence and harmfulness of parasitic nematode species in crops convince us of the need for a more detailed study of this group of microorganisms. Due to the rapid development of molecular genetic methods in the last decade, scientists have been able to expand and improve their knowledge of identifying species, races and pathotypes of phytonematodes, their biological and environmental characteristics, and most importantly, to discover and understand extremely complex mechanisms of parasite and host plants. Nematologists are confident that further research in these and other areas in the future will create a basis for developing a new strategy for long-term and environmentally safe control of these dangerous plant parasites.
Accumulation of heavy metals in the grain of spring barley (Hordeum sativum) as affected by varietal characteristics and duration of storage
Authors: Voitovska V. I. , Rassadina I. Yu. , Klymovych N. M. , Tretiakova C. O.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Determine the content of heavy metals in the grain of spring barley varieties of different application as affected by the duration of storage.

Methods. In the years 2018–2020, 11 spring barley varieties of different applications were studied: grain ‘Stalker’, ‘Vodohrai’, ‘Vzirets’, ‘Ahrarii’, ‘Shchedryk’; universal ‘Enei’; malting ‘Kozak’, ‘Dokuchaievskyi 15’, ‘Etyket’, ‘Helios’, ‘Sviatohor’. The content of chemical elements in the grain (cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, copper, zinc) was determined in the dynamics: immediately after harvest, after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.

Results. In the studied varieties of spring barley, the lead (Pb) content in the grain varied immediately after threshing and after 7 days ranged from 1.01 to 1.12 mg/kg. Reduction of the studied element after 14 days was observed in all varieties. In particular, the lead content was 1.03 mg/kg in ‘Shchedryk’, 1.01 mg/kg in ‘Stalker’, 1.00 mg/kg in ‘Vzirets’, 0,78 mg/kg (the lowest) in ‘Vodohrai’, and 1.12 mg/kg (the highest) in ‘Ahrarii’. Studies have shown that the most sensitive to cadmium (Cd) grain variety of spring barley was ‘Vzirets’ with the content of 0.09 mg/kg immediately after threshing and on the 7th day of storage; on the 14th, 21st and 28th days, the content was 0.08 mg/kg. The content of cadmium in malting barley grain immediately after threshing and after 7 days was 0.08 mg/kg in ‘Sviatohor’, and 0.09 mg/kg in all other varieties. On the 14th day, the accumulation remained unchanged in varieties ‘Dokuchaievskyi 15’, ‘Etyket’, ‘Helios’, ‘Sviatohor’; insignificant decrease was noted in ‘Kozak’ (0.07 mg/kg). After the storage for 21 and 28 days, the cadmium content was 0.07 mg/kg in ‘Sviatohor’ and ‘Kozak’, and 0.08 mg/kg in all others.

Conclusions. The lowest cadmium content was determined in variety ‘Shchedryk’. Immediately after threshing and after 7 days of storage it was 0.05 mg/kg, and on the 14th, 21st and 28th days it decreased to 0.03 mg/kg. Immediately after threshing and after 7 days, the mercury content of the varieties varied from 0.07 to 0.03 mg/kg. After 14, 21 and 28 days, the following values were determined: in ‘Vodohrai’ 0.06 mg/kg, in ‘Stalker’ and ‘Vzirets’ 0.05 mg/kg, in ‘Ahrarii’ 0.04 mg/kg, ‘Shchedryk’ 0.3 mg/kg. Depending on the varietal characteristics and duration of storage, the highest content (14.05 mg/kg) was determined in ‘Ahrarii’, and the lowest (12.55 mg/kg) in ‘Shchedryk’. The study of the ‘Enei’ variety of spring barley of universal application allows us to note that the accumulation of heavy metals, as affected by the duration of storage, did not differ significantly from the grain varities.
Yield and grain quality of baking winter wheat of different varieties
Authors: Hospodarenko H. M. , Liubych V. V. , Riabovol Ya. S. , Kochovska I. V.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Study the formation of yield and grain quality of baking winter wheat of different varieties.

Methods. Laboratory, physico-chemical, mathematical and statistical.

Results. The grain yield of baking winter wheat varied significantly depending on the variety. On average over two years of research, the highest yield (8.12–8.47 t/ha) was obtained in ‘Colonia’, ‘RGT Reform’, ‘Quebec’, ‘Tobak’, ‘Mescal’ and ‘Emile’ varieties. In ‘Bonanza’ and ‘Rivero’ varieties, this indicator was at the level of 7.48–7.53 t/ha. It should be noted that the stability index was high (0.92–0.98) for growing all varieties. In the favourable 2020 year, the grain yield ranged between 7.62 and 8.80 t/ha, while in the less favourable years it ranged between 7.34 and 8.26 t/ha depending on the variety. On average, over two years of research, the protein content of more than 13.0% was formed by ‘Emile’, ‘Bonanza’, ‘RGT Reform’ and ‘Quebec’ varieties, while in other the varieties it was 12.4–12.9%. The studied varieties of baking wheat had a high stability of protein content (0.98–0.99). Baking winter wheat grain had an average gluten content of 27.7–29.7%, depending on the variety, with high stability. Its highest content (29.5–29.7%) was obtained in ‘Emile’, ‘Quebec’ and ‘RGT Reform’ varieties. The gluten content in grain was directly proportional to the protein content. There is a direct very high correlation between these indicators (r = 0.91 ± 0.001). According to the Zeleny sedimentation test results, flour strength was high only in ‘Quebec’ variety, while in the other varieties it was medium. The grain of ‘Quebec’ and ‘RGT Reform’ varieties corresponds to valuable wheat; ‘Rivero’ and ‘Bonanza’ correspond to a good filler, while the rest of the varieties correspond to a satisfactory filler. The grain of ‘Quebec’, ‘Mescal’, ‘Rivero’ and ‘Colonia’ varieties is medium hard as the hardness was 54.1–59.1 units of instrument. Grain of the other varieties is soft with 48.3–51.1 units of instrument. Grain of ‘RGT Reform’, ‘Rivero’, ‘Emile’ and ‘Tobak’ varieties had the largest (794–812 g/l) grain unit. This indicator in the other varieties was at the level of 760–785 g/l. Flour strength is directly proportional to protein content. There is the direct high correlation between these indicators (r = 0.87 ± 0.002). Correlation between the protein content and the sedimentation index by Zeleny test was direct high (r = 0.79 ± 0.001). However, with grain hardness it was inversely weak, and with the grain unit direct moderate (r = 0.35±0.003).

Conclusions. Yield of winter baking wheat varieties was in the range from 7.48 to 8.47 t/ha, protein content varied from 12.4 to 13.8%. Protein content highly correlated with the major baking properties of wheat grain. Baking winter wheat ‘RGT Reform’ and ‘Quebec’ varieties are recommended for stable grain production with good baking properties in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.
Agrobiological estimation of the collection samples of Allium sativum subsp. vulgare (Kuzn.)
Authors: Yatsenko V. V. , Shevchuk K. M. , Boiko A. I. , Polovynchuk O. Yu.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To study biological features of biological potential realization of softneck garlic productivity.

Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical and calculation-analytical.

Results. The results of studying local and introduced forms of softneck garlic cultivars (samples No. 1, 14, 16, 19, 24, 27) in comparison with varieties (‘Prometei’ (standard) and ‘Liubasha’) in terms of productivity are presented. In the research, field, laboratory and statistical methods were used. The experimental design was a systemic complete block design without replicates. It was found that all, without exception, softneck garlic cultivars have an erectoid type of leaf placement. Introduced cultivars featured low seedstalk formation, which is a manifestation of adaptation to growing conditions. All studied cultivars were characterized by lower values of the number of air bulbils in the inflorescence compared to the standard cultivar ‘Prometei’. Thus, ‘Liubasha’ formed 16.1% fewer bulbils than the standard; however, its 1000-bulbil weight was 37.2% larger than in ‘Prometei’. The softneck cultivars that formed bulbils on the reduced seedstalk were characterized by a very small number of bulbils − by 89.7–90.8% less than in the standard – however, the formed bulbils had very large 1000-bulbil weight. Thus, sample No. 1 formed bulbils by 542.0% larger in terms of the 1000-bulbil weight than standard; sample No. 16 by 554.3%; sample No. 27 by 752.9%. Samples No. 14, 19 and 24 did not formed seedstalks. In terms of the bulbil yield, the samples that formed bulbils had by 11.7–40.1% lower indicators than the standard. Cultivar ‘Liubasha’ was characterized by a 19.0% higher bulbil yield. The vast majority of collection samples of winter garlic formed smaller bulbs. Sample No. 16 had a large bulb wight compared to the standard. Collection samples had significantly lower yield except for No. 16, which exceeded the standard by 30.2 and 56.8%.

Conclusions. Collection samples have a significantly higher dry matter content. The promising samples (No. 14, 16, 19, 24) were selected by a number of characteristics as promising for further breding of softneck table garlic cultivars. In further research, the content of secondary metabolites and the storage of the samples in uncontrolled conditions will be studied in order to create table garlic cultivars suitable for long-term storage.