bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porcine parvovirus triggers autophagy through the AMPK/Raptor/mTOR pathway to promote viral replication in porcine placental trophoblasts
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Ma Peipei , Shao Ting , Xiong Yingli , Du Qian , Chen Songbiao , Miao Bichen , Zhang Xuezhi , Wang Xiaoya , Huang Yong , Tong Dewen
Published: May 2022

Autophagy has been demonstrated to play important roles in the infection and pathogenesis of many viruses. We previously found that porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection can induce autophagy in porcine placental trophoblast cells (PTCs), but its underlying mechanism has not yet been fully revealed. In this study, we showed that PPV infection inhibited the activation of mTORC1 and promoted the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3II in PTCs. Treatment with a mTOR activator inhibited the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3II, as well as autophagy formation, and reduced viral replication in PPV-infected PTCs. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of AMPK expression, but not the inhibition of PI3K/Akt, p53, or MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway activation, can significantly increase mTOR phosphorylation in PPV-infected PTCs. Then, we found that the regulation of mTOR phosphorylation by AMPK was mediated by Raptor. AMPK expression knockout inhibited the activation of Raptor, decreased the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3II, suppressed the formation of autophagosomes, and reduced viral replication during PPV infection. Together, our results showed that PPV infection induces autophagy to promote viral replication by inhibiting the activation of mTORC1 through activation of the AMPK/Raptor pathway. These findings provide information to understand the molecular mechanisms of PPV-induced autophagy.
Rho family GTPase 1 (RND1), a novel regulator of p53, enhances ferroptosis in glioblastoma
Authors: Sun Qian , Xu Yang , Yuan Fan’en , Qi Yangzhi , Wang Yixuan , Chen Qianxue , Liu Baohui
Published: May 2022

Background

Ferroptosis is an iron dependent cell death closely associated with p53 signaling pathway and is aberrantly regulated in glioblastoma (GBM), yet the underlying mechanism needs more exploration. Identifying new factors which regulate p53 and ferroptosis in GBM is essential for treatment.

Methods

Glioma cell growth was evaluated by cell viability assays and colony formation assays. Lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, lipid peroxidation assays, glutathione assays, and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the degree of cellular lipid peroxidation of GBM. The mechanisms of RND1 in regulation of p53 signaling were analyzed by RT-PCR, western blot, immunostaining, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays and luciferase reporter assays. The GBM‐xenografted animal model was constructed and the tumor was captured by an In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS).

Results

From the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we summarized that Rho family GTPase 1 (RND1) expression was downregulated in GBM and predicted a better prognosis of patients with GBM. We observed that RND1 influenced the glioma cell growth in a ferroptosis-dependent manner when GBM cell lines U87 and A172 were treated with Ferrostatin-1 or Erastin. Mechanistically, we found that RND1 interacted with p53 and led to the de-ubiquitination of p53 protein. Furthermore, the overexpression of RND1 promoted the activity of p53-SLC7A11 signaling pathway, therefore inducing the lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis of GBM.

Conclusions

We found that RND1, a novel controller of p53 protein and a positive regulator of p53 signaling pathway, enhanced the ferroptosis in GBM. This study may shed light on the understanding of ferroptosis in GBM cells and provide new therapeutic ideas for GBM.
Feasibility of a computer-assisted social network motivational interviewing intervention to reduce substance use and increase supportive connections among emerging adults transitioning from homelessness to housing
Authors: Kennedy David P. , Osilla Karen Chan , Tucker Joan S.
Published: May 2022

Background

Social networks may play positive and negative roles in the lives of young adults experiencing homelessness (YEH) who are transitioning into housing. Social networks can influence their alcohol and/or other drug (AOD) use, as well as provide immediate and long-term support necessary for a successful transition.

Methods

We adapted a four-session computer-assisted motivational interviewing social network intervention (MI-SNI) for YEH transitioning into housing. We iteratively adapted and beta tested the intervention for delivery by case managers at an organization that provides supportive housing to YEH. We conducted a focus group with agency staff (n = 6), role-play exercises with case managers (n = 3), and semi-structured interviews with residents (n = 6). Interview data were thematically analyzed with open coding. This study presents the first adaptation of an innovative social network-based motivational intervention to reduce AOD use and increase stable, prosocial supportive connections via visualizations of the structure and composition of the individual’s social network.

Results

Participants rated sessions as “moderately” to “very” helpful and “good” quality on average. Participants agreed that the sessions were helpful, understandable, and satisfying and would work for new residents. Themes emerged in four broad categories: (1) Acceptability, (2) Positive benefits, (3) Visualization reactions, and (4) MI-SNI interface reactions. For the acceptability category, three sub-themes emerged: (1) understandability, (2) enjoyability and ease of use, (3) and barriers to acceptability. Five sub-themes emerged about the intervention’s likelihood to trigger positive benefits: (1) learning/new insights, (2) enhancement to motivation to change, (3) making AOD changes, (4) building social support, and (5) the intervention’s usefulness to some but not others. Five sub-themes also emerged from comments about the social network visualizations: (1) general positive comments, (2) understandability, (3) new insights, (4) triggering changes in social support, and (5) triggering changes in AOD use. When discussing the MI-SNI intervention interface beyond the visualizations, discussions emerged in three thematic categories: (1) discussion of name listing, (2) discussion of screen wording, and (3) the use of a computer interface to deliver the intervention.

Conclusions

Results suggest that the MI-SNI is acceptable to YEH and can be feasibly delivered by case managers during case management sessions.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04637815. Registered November 10, 2020
Severe immune thrombocytopenia following diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio vaccination in a 36-year-old Caucasian woman: a case report
Authors: Küster Onno , Schmohl Jörg , Greiner Jochen , Storz Maximilian Andreas
Published: May 2022

Background

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by low platelet counts and increased bleeding risk. The disease may be induced by other disorders, including malignancies, autoimmune diseases, infectious agents or drugs. However, ITP has also been described following vaccinations, such as the measles–mumps–rubella vaccination. In rare cases, ITP may occur in children who received a DTaP-IP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine and inactivated poliovirus) vaccine. Hereinafter, we report the first well-documented cases of ITP in an adult patient in the temporal context of a DTaP-IP vaccination.

Case presentation

This case report attempts to capture the life-threatening picture of a 36-year-old otherwise healthy Caucasian woman with newly diagnosed severe immune thrombocytopenia in the temporal context of a DTaP-IP vaccination. Four days after receiving the vaccine, the women presented to her primary care physician with malaise, fever and recurrent epistaxis. Clinical examination revealed oral petechiae, ecchymoses, and non-palpable petechiae on both legs. The patient was immediately referred to a local hematology unit where she developed hematuria and an intestinal bleeding (WHO Bleeding Grade III) requiring multiple transfusions. After receiving oral corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins, her platelets gradually recovered. Common causes of secondary ITP were ruled out by laboratory investigations, bone marrow and peripheral blood examinations. This raises the possibility of a (secondary) vaccination-associated thrombocytopenia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well-documented case of a DTaP-IP vaccination-related ITP in an adult patient in the English literature.

Conclusion

Although a causal connection between both entities may not be established, we would like to raise awareness in clinicians that ITP following DTaP-IP vaccinations is potentially not limited to children, but may also occur in adults. Users of DTaP-IP booster vaccines should be alert of the possibility of such adverse reactions.
Is cognitive behaviour therapy applicable to individuals diagnosed with bipolar depression or suboptimal mood stabilizer treatment: a secondary analysis of a large pragmatic effectiveness trial
Authors: Scott Jan , Bentall Richard , Kinderman Peter , Morriss Richard
Published: May 2022

Background

Efficacy trials of medications and/or psychological interventions for bipolar disorders (BD) aim to recruit homogenous samples of patients who are euthymic and such populations show high levels of adherence to the treatments offered. This study describes a secondary analysis of a large-scale multi-centre pragmatic effectiveness randomized controlled trial (RCT) of cognitive behaviour therapy plus treatment as usual (CBT) or treatment as usual alone (TAU) and explores outcomes in individuals who were: (i) recruited in depressive episodes, or (ii) receiving suboptimal doses of or no mood stabilizers (MS).

Methods

Data were extract on two separate subsamples (out of 253 RCT participants). Sample 1 comprised 67 individuals in a depressive episode (CBT: 34; TAU: 33); Sample 2 comprised 39 individuals receiving suboptimal MS treatment (CBT: 19; TAU: 20). Survival analyses (adjusted for confounding variables) were used to explore recovery in Sample 1 and relapse in Sample 2.

Results

In Sample 1 (individuals with depression), Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that the median time to recovery was significantly shorter in the CBT group (10 weeks; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 8, 17) compared to the TAU group (17 weeks; 95% CI 9, 30) [Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.89; 95% CI 1.04, 3.4; p < 0.035]. In Sample 2 (suboptimal MS), the median time to any relapse was significantly longer in the CBT group compared to the TAU group (~ 35 versus ~ 20 weeks; Adjusted HR 2.01; 95% CI 1.01, 3.96; p < 0.05) with the difference in survival time to first depressive relapse also reaching statistical significance (X2 = 14.23, df 6, p 0.027).

Conclusions

Adjunctive use of CBT appears to have benefits for individuals diagnosed with BD who are highly representative of the patients seen in routine clinical practice, but often excluded from efficacy RCTs. However, as this is a secondary analysis of 42% of the original RCT sample, it is important to replicate these findings in independent larger scale studies specifically designed for purpose.
A novel irrigation device with superior nasal irrigation efficiency to the classic rinse bottle
Authors: Wu Dawei , Chang Feifan , Hong Junsheng , Su Baihan , Wei Yongxiang
Published: May 2022

Background

The ability of saline irrigation to detach the mucous and the flow-limiting effect of the nasal valve has not been well explored. The objective of this study was to compare the removal efficiency of a novel irrigation device with an extended nozzle versus a classic rinse bottle.

Methods

Transparent casts of the unoperated sinonasal cavity were made by 3D printing. Yogurt was used to simulate mucous. The cast filled with 5 ml yogurt was fixed in six head positions and irrigated with 120 ml, 175 ml, and 240 ml dyed water through the novel device and the rinse bottle. The irrigation efficiency was the ratio of the weight of yogurt washed away divided by the total weight of yogurt.

Results

The irrigation stream of a long nozzle with a side opening was different from the irrigation stream of the outlet within the nasal vestibule. The novel devices presented with continuous water stream directly upwards to the anterior part of the olfactory cleft. Depending on different head positions, it was easy for the novel devices to achieve an irrigation efficiency of 100% when the cast was irrigated with 120 ml or 175 ml water. There was still a tiny amount of yogurt left in the olfactory cleft when the cast was irrigated with 240 ml water under each head position for the rinse bottle. The irrigation efficiency was volume-dependent, and the average irrigation efficiency of the rinse bottle at 240 ml only reached 69.1%.

Conclusions

The novel irrigation device presented with superior nasal irrigation efficiency to the classic rinse bottle. A continuous water stream directly upwards to the anterior part of the olfactory cleft combined with an extended nozzle overcoming the flow-limiting effect of the nasal valve promotes nasal irrigation efficiency.

Graphical Abstract
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Chinese contemporary art teachers’ professional development in the 20th and 21st centuries within the multicultural framework
Authors: Yang Jing
Published: May 2022

The study of contemporary art is one of the main means of implementing aesthetic education in China. This discipline allows a student to develop a system of spiritual values, reveal talents and acquire skills needed for professional growth. Chinese art is an integral part of the global cultural space, and Chinese contemporary art performs the functions of cultural reflection, occupying an important place in developing the state’s cultural identity. In the process of globalization, it is extremely important to study not only Chinese, but also world contemporary art, as well as the peculiarities of its teaching in the educational institutions of the PRC within the framework of the multiculturalism movement. The study objectives are to develop a unique online platform for teaching and learning contemporary art in China, to identify the features of art teacher training, to identify the methods of and trends in teaching contemporary art in the Chinese system of secondary and higher education, as well as to determine the most effective method of teaching contemporary art in China based on the experiment. In the course of the study, a plan and structure of the website containing audio and video materials, graphic editors and a conference system for students and teachers were developed. An innovative classification of the contemporary art movements was made in accordance with the tools and methods of creating art works. The styles of contemporary art were divided into groups: painting, sculpture/architecture, photography, cybernetic art, literature, optical art, theatrical art, mass culture, and hybrid art. The database was compiled by the masters of Art from China and Ireland, which emphasizes the internationality and multiculturalism of the project. An experiment was conducted to determine the level of effectiveness of different methods of teaching contemporary art in China. In the course of the experiment, the Spark platform developed for the study purpose was recognized as the most effective (56.1%). The effectiveness of the active method and passive method of teaching was 27.2% and 16.7%, respectively. The study results can be used in the study of various trends in contemporary art in the process of modernization and within the framework of pedagogical and commercial activities related to the work of exhibitions and galleries. In addition, they can be used to improve the methods of teaching contemporary art online and offline to the broad public audience and improve the professional skills of graphic or UI/UX designers, 3D modeling experts, engineers, editors, and IT developers. The practical significance of the developed online platform lies in the possibility of database use, practical application of the knowledge gained, and taking online lessons with Chinese and foreign teachers as part of a multicultural experience exchange.
Diagnosis of canine spontaneous hypoadrenocorticism
Authors: Guzmán Ramos Pedro J. , Bennaim Michael , Shiel Robert E. , Mooney Carmel T.
Published: May 2022

Hypoadrenocorticism is characterized by a reduction in mineralocorticoid and/or glucocorticoid production by the adrenal glands. Several subtypes have been described with different clinical and clinicopathological consequences. Most affected dogs have vague and non-specific signs that precede an eventual life-threatening crisis. This review aims to appraise classification, the available data on epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory features of naturally occurring canine hypoadrenocorticism.
Quantifying dietary acid load in U.S. cancer survivors: an exploratory study using NHANES data
Authors: Storz Maximilian Andreas , Ronco Alvaro Luis
Published: May 2022

Background

Diet is an important determinant of systemic pH and acid–base regulation. A frequent consumption of acid-inducing foods (including processed meats and cheese) combined with a low intake of base-inducing foods (such as fruits, legumes and vegetables) increases Dietary Acid Load (DAL), which has been associated with an increased risk for certain cancers. DAL also appears to be of paramount importance in cancer survivors, in whom it was associated with increased mortality and poor overall physical health. Literature on DAL in cancer survivors, however, is scarce and limited to a few studies.

Methods

Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), we sought to quantify DAL in U.S. cancer survivors and contrasted the results to the general population. DAL was estimated using established formulas (Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) and Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP)).

Results

Our study comprised 19,413 participants, of which 1444 were self-reported cancer survivors. Almost 63% of cancer survivors were female (weighted proportion) with a mean age of 61.75 (0.51) years. DAL scores were consistently higher in cancer survivors (as compared to the general population) after adjustment for confounders in multivariate regression models. These differences, however, were not statistically significant (p = 0.506 for NEAPF, 0.768 for PRALR and 0.468 for NEAPR, respectively). Notably, DAL scores were positive throughout (> 0 mEq/d) in cancer survivors, suggesting an acidifying diet. Specific examples include mean PRALR scores > 11 mEq/d in cancer survivors aged 55 years and mean NEAPF scores > 50 mEq/d in cancer survivors aged 40–60 years).

Conclusions

The acidifying diet in this sample of cancer survivors warrants caution and requires further investigation. Comparably high DAL scores have been associated with adverse health outcomes and an increased mortality in previous studies in breast cancer survivors. Thus, increased awareness as well as additional clinical trials in this field are urgently warranted.
Association of dietary cholesterol and dyslipidemia in Chinese health examinees
Authors: Pan Junqiang , Han Wenqi , Jiang Yongrong , Wu Jine , Zhou Xin
Published: May 2022

Background

The association between dietary cholesterol consumption and dyslipidemia is still in controversy. The study aims to evaluate whether dietary cholesterol intake associated with dyslipidemia and its components in Chinese health examinees.

Methods

A large-scale cross-sectional study was conducted among health examinees of in Shaanxi province. Totally of 8358 participants (3677 male and 4681 female) were included. Dietary cholesterol intake was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to capture the linear and non-linear association between dietary cholesterol and dyslipidemia.

Results

A total of 2429 (29.1%) subjects were newly diagnosed of dyslipidemia, the prevalence was 29.2% in male and 27.7% in female. Mean intake of dietary cholesterol was 213.7 mg/day. After adjusting for all potential confounders including demographics information and lifestyles, higher cholesterol consumption was related to lower risk of dyslipidemia, the ORs (95% CIs) across Q2 to Q4 group were 0.87 (0.60–1.26), 0.80 (0.55–1.18) and 0.61 (0.41–0.91) in female. With further controlling for nutrients principal components, a null association was observed between dietary cholesterol and dyslipidemia and serum lipids, regardless of gender. Results of restricted cubic splines showed that the risk of dyslipidemia decreased slowly until around 300 mg/day in men and 200 mg/day in women, although the non-linear association was not significant.

Conclusions

The study suggested that dietary cholesterol consumption was not associated with dyslipidemia or serum lipids in Chinese health examinees, although a decreased risk was observed before the threshold points.
Best Approaches and Updates for Prostate Cancer Biochemical Recurrence
Authors: Simon Nicholas I. , Parker Chris , Hope Thomas A. , Paller Channing J.
Published: May 2022

Biochemical recurrence develops in almost one-third of men with prostate cancer after treatment with local therapy. There are numerous options for management, including surveillance, salvage radiation, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and clinical trials. This article reviews the current approaches to radiation therapy, ADT, and molecular imaging in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. First, radiation therapy, including selection of field, dose, and use of concurrent antiandrogen therapy, is reviewed. Next, molecular imaging is addressed, including prostate-specific membrane antigen PET imaging and its increased sensitivity in identifying sites of disease. Finally, the factors associated with starting ADT are explored, and the data supporting intermittent over continuous ADT are reviewed. Lastly, the use of prostate-specific membrane antigen PET imaging and its potential role influencing therapy are discussed.
Bees can be trained to identify SARS-CoV-2 infected samples
Authors: Kontos Evangelos , Samimi Aria , Hakze-van der Honing Renate W. , Priem Jan , Avarguès-Weber Aurore , Haverkamp Alexander , Dicke Marcel , Gonzales Jose L. , van der Poel Wim H. M.
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has illustrated the need for the development of fast and reliable testing methods for novel, zoonotic, viral diseases in both humans and animals. Pathologies lead to detectable changes in the volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of animals, which can be monitored, thus allowing the development of a rapid VOC-based test. In the current study, we successfully trained honeybees (Apis mellifera) to identify SARS-CoV-2 infected minks (Neovison vison) thanks to Pavlovian conditioning protocols. The bees can be quickly conditioned to respond specifically to infected mink's odours and could therefore be part of a wider SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic system. We tested two different training protocols to evaluate their performance in terms of learning rate, accuracy and memory retention. We designed a non-invasive rapid test in which multiple bees are tested in parallel on the same samples. This provided reliable results regarding a subject's health status. Using the data from the training experiments, we simulated a diagnostic evaluation trial to predict the potential efficacy of our diagnostic test, which yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 86%. We suggest that a honeybee-based diagnostics can offer a reliable and rapid test that provides a readily available, low-input addition to the currently available testing methods. A honeybee-based diagnostic test might be particularly relevant for remote and developing communities that lack the resources and infrastructure required for mainstream testing methods.
Inversion of a topological domain leads to restricted changes in its gene expression and affects interdomain communication
Authors: Galupa Rafael , Picard Christel , Servant Nicolas , Nora Elphège P. , Zhan Yinxiu , van Bemmel Joke G. , El Marjou Fatima , Johanneau Colin , Borensztein Maud , Ancelin Katia , Giorgetti Luca , Heard Edith
Published: May 2022

The interplay between the topological organization of the genome and the regulation of gene expression remains unclear. Depletion of molecular factors (e.g. CTCF) underlying topologically associating domains (TADs) leads to modest alterations in gene expression, whereas genomic rearrangements involving TAD boundaries disrupt normal gene expression and can lead to pathological phenotypes. Here, we targeted the TAD neighboring that of the noncoding transcript Xist, which controls X-chromosome inactivation. Inverting 245 kb within the TAD led to expected rearrangement of CTCF-based contacts but revealed heterogeneity in the ‘contact’ potential of different CTCF sites. Expression of most genes therein remained unaffected in mouse embryonic stem cells and during differentiation. Interestingly, expression of Xist was ectopically upregulated. The same inversion in mouse embryos led to biased Xist expression. Smaller inversions and deletions of CTCF clusters led to similar results: rearrangement of contacts and limited changes in local gene expression, but significant changes in Xist expression in embryos. Our study suggests that the wiring of regulatory interactions within a TAD can influence the expression of genes in neighboring TADs, highlighting the existence of mechanisms of inter-TAD communication.
A cytoplasmic protein kinase couples engagement of Chlamydomonas ciliary receptors to cAMP-dependent cellular responses
Authors: Awasthi Mayanka , Ranjan Peeyush , Kelterborn Simon , Hegemann Peter , Snell William J.
Published: May 2022

The primary cilium is a cellular compartment specialized for receipt of extracellular signals that is essential for development and homeostasis. Although intraciliary responses to engagement of ciliary receptors are well studied, fundamental questions remain about the mechanisms and molecules that transduce ciliary signals into responses in the cytoplasm. During fertilization in the bi-ciliated alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, ciliary adhesion between plus and minus gametes triggers an immediate ∼10-fold increase in cellular cAMP and consequent responses in the cytoplasm required for cell–cell fusion. Here, we identify a new participant in ciliary signaling, Gamete-Specific Protein Kinase (GSPK). GSPK is essential for the adhesion-induced cAMP increase and for rapid gamete fusion. The protein is in the cytoplasm, and the entire cellular complement responds to a signal from the cilium by becoming phosphorylated within 1 min after ciliary receptor engagement. Unlike all other cytoplasmic events in ciliary signaling, GSPK phosphorylation is not responsive to exogenously added cAMP. Thus, during ciliary signaling in Chlamydomonas, a cytoplasmic protein is required to rapidly interpret a still uncharacterized ciliary signal to generate a cytoplasmic response.
Characterizing the hypoxic performance of a fish using a new metric: PAAS-50
Authors: Zhang Yangfan , Montgomery Daniel W. , White Connor F. , Richards Jeffrey G. , Brauner Colin J. , Farrell Anthony P.
Published: May 2022

The hypoxic constraint on peak oxygen uptake (ṀO2,peak) was characterized in rainbow trout over a range of ambient oxygen tensions with different testing protocols and statistical models. The best-fit model was selected using both statistical criteria (R2 and AIC) and the model's prediction of three anchor points for hypoxic performance: critical PO2 (Pcrit), maximum ṀO2 and a new metric, the minimum PO2 that supports 50% of absolute aerobic scope (PAAS-50). The best-fitting model was curvilinear using five strategically selected PO2 values. This model predicted PAAS-50 as 70 mmHg (coefficient of variation, CV=9%) for rainbow trout. Thus, while a five-point hypoxic performance curve can characterize the limiting effects of hypoxia in fish, as envisaged by Fry over 75 years ago, PAAS-50 is a promising metric to compare hypoxic constraints on performance in a standardized manner both within and across fish species.
Research in child and adolescent anxiety and depression: treatment uncertainties prioritised by youth and professionals
Authors: Axelsdóttir Brynhildur , Eidet Lise Mette , Thoner Ragnhild , Biedilæ Sølvi , Borren Ingrid , Elvsåshagen Mari , Ludvigsen Kristine Horseng , Dahlgren Astrid
Published: May 2022

Background: A starting point for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments should be to identify evidence gaps. Furthermore, such evaluations should consider the perspectives of patients, clinicians and carers to ensure relevance and potentially influence future research initiatives.

Methods: Our approach, inspired by the James Lind Alliance methods, involved three steps. First, we performed a document analysis by identifying interventions and outcomes in two recently published overviews of systematic reviews, which summarised the effects of interventions for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Second, we surveyed children and adolescents with personal experiences of depression or anxiety as well as clinicians, and asked them to suggest treatments and outcomes associated with uncertainty. Finally, we facilitated a consensus process where clinicians and youth mental health patient representatives were invited to prioritise research uncertainties in separate consensus processes.

Results: The survey included 674 respondents who reported a total of 1267 uncertainties. Independent coding by four investigators revealed 134 suggestions for treatments of anxiety, 90 suggestions for treatments of depression, 84 for outcomes of interventions for anxiety and 71 suggestions for outcomes of interventions for depression. Two separate priority setting workshops with eight clinicians and ten youth resulted in four independent top ten priority lists.

Conclusion: Top ten lists of treatments and outcome domains of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents was identified by youth and clinicians. The results may influence the research agenda, and ultimately benefit patients.
Evaluation of children and teenagers’ physical activity
Authors: Batyk Iwona
Published: May 2022

In days of progressive consumption of everyday life apart from professional duties, social, home and scientific, young people need toundertake active forms of intellectual or physical activity. Forms connected with motion activity can contribute to development of interests andpersonality. Also it can rise sport activity, unload the nervous tension and prevent the civilization diseases. The recreation is the voluntary activity andits forms are the result of type of interests and place of the people living. The activities are undertaken in spare time for rest to improve health and toentertain. They include all forms of activity not only motion and social improvement.The article presents the results of studies which concern the forms and the ways of spending spare time dedicated to motion recreation, mainbarriers connected with the motion recreation and costs connected with it. The article represents the children and teenagers' current profile ofparticipation in motion recreation in the theory - verifying way. The studies had on aim opinion of pupils' motion shape from three kinds of schools:elementary school, gymnasium and high school and tested what form of activity are expected by children and teenager's.
Uso de substâncias reguladoras e não-específicas na germinação de sementes de licuri (Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc.)
Authors: Carvalho Noeli O. S. , Pelacani Claudinéia R. , Rodrigues Manuela O. de S. , Crepaldi Iara C.
Published: May 2022

A germinação de sementes de palmeiras é bastante lenta e desuniforme, tornando-se necessário adotar mecanismos que acelerem este processo. Este trabalho examina o efeito da embebição em água, do ácido giberélico e da tiouréia na germinação de sementes de licuri (Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc.). A embebição em água influenciou significativamente a germinação e o Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG) das sementes com endocarpo; nas sementes sem endocarpo a exposição à água promoveu deterioração dos tecidos, reduzindo a taxa de germinação. Soluções de ácido giberélico em concentrações elevadas foram eficientes no aumento da porcentagem de germinação das sementes alcançando 65% e 52%, respectivamente, quando submetidas a 12 e 48 horas de embebição. Em relação ao uso da tiouréia, as maiores taxas de germinação e IVG foram obtidas quando as sementes foram embebidas por 12 horas. Os dados sugerem que a presença do endocarpo em sementes de licuri influencia no processo germinativo e que a embebição parece ser um fator importante para desencadear esse processo. A exposição das sementes com endocarpo em água e soluções de tiouréia durante 12 horas foram os tratamentos mais indicados em promover a germinação das sementes.
Potential implementation strategies, acceptability, and feasibility of new and repurposed TB vaccines
Authors: Pelzer Puck T. , Seeley Janet , Sun Fiona Yueqian , Tameris Michele , Tao Li , Yanlin Zhao , Moosan Hisham , Weerasuriya Chathika , Asaria Miqdad , Jayawardana Sahan , White Richard G. , Harris Rebecca C.
Published: May 2022

Recently, two Phase 2B tuberculosis vaccine trials reported positive efficacy results in adolescents and adults. However, experience in vaccinating these age groups is limited. We identified potential implementation strategies for the M72/AS01E vaccination and BCG-revaccination-like candidates and explored their acceptability and feasibility. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews among key decision makers to identify implementation strategies and target groups in South Africa, India, and China. Thematic and deductive analysis using a coding framework were used to identify themes across and within settings. In all three countries there was interest in novel TB vaccines, with school-attending adolescents named as a likely target group. In China and India, older people were also identified as a target group. Routine vaccination was preferred in all countries due to stigma and logistical issues with targeted mass campaigns. Perceived benefits for implementation of M72/AS01E were the likely efficacy in individuals with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and efficacy for people living with HIV. Perceived challenges for M72/AS01E included the infrastructure and the two-dose regimen required. Stakeholders valued the familiarity of BCG but were concerned about the adverse effects in people living with HIV, a particular concern in South Africa. Implementation challenges and opportunities were identified in all three countries. Our study provides crucial information for implementing novel TB vaccines in specific target groups and on country specific acceptability and feasibility. Key groups for vaccine implementation in these settings were identified, and should be included in clinical trials and implementation planning.
If you build it, will they come? A comparative landscape analysis of ocelot roadkill locations and crossing structures
Authors: Blackburn AnnMarie , Veals Amanda M. , Tewes Michael E. , Wester David B. , Young John H. , DeYoung Randy W. , Perotto-Baldivieso Humberto L.
Published: May 2022

Wildlife-vehicle collisions can have a substantial influence on the mortality rates of many wildlife populations. Crossing structures are designed to mitigate the impact of road mortality by allowing safe passage of wildlife above or below roads, and connect to suitable areas on both sides of the road. Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) are a federally endangered felid in the United States, with remnant populations of <80 individuals remaining in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas. Vehicle collisions are the greatest known source of mortality for ocelots in Texas. Crossing structures designed for ocelot use have been implemented throughout South Texas since the 1990s, however, ocelots rarely use them. We compared landscape characteristics between ocelot crossing structures and ocelot-vehicle collision sites. We quantified the spatial distribution of woody and herbaceous cover types surrounding ocelot crossing structures (n= 56) and ocelot-vehicle collision sites (n= 26) at multiple spatial extents and compared landscape metrics between these location types. The landscape surrounding ocelot crossing structures had 17–22% more open herbaceous cover >1,050 m from the road, and 1.2–5.8 ha larger herbaceous patches >450 m from the road compared to ocelot-vehicle collision sites. Additionally, many crossing structures installed during the 1990’s are situated >100 km away from an extant ocelot population. Results from this study can guide conservation planners to place future road crossing structures in areas more likely to be used by ocelots. Our results also emphasize that reliable scientific data must be used for effective mitigation efforts. In the absence of data, post-installation assessments can improve the placement of future structures.
Development of an analytical method for determination of lead and cadmium in biological materials by GFAAS using Escherichia coli as model substance
Authors: Gende Michelle , Schmeling Martina
Published: May 2022

In this work, an analytical method was developed for the determination of lead and cadmium in biological samples using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was chosen as model substance for this purpose as it is readily available in most laboratories and can be quickly and easily prepared with a high turnaround rate. Four different sample preparation methods were initially evaluated with respect to percent recovery, limit of detection, and limit of quantification, and the most promising one was developed further. The final process involving microwave assisted digestion of the sample with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide showed high recovery, repeatability, and specificity. The process was first applied to lead and then extended for the determination of cadmium in the same E. coli substrates. Finally, to validate the process, a certified references material was analyzed, and the results obtained were evaluated with respect to accuracy by comparing them to the reported ones.
Intermittent aerobic-resistance interval training versus continues aerobic training: Improvement in cardiac electrophysiologic and anthropometric measures in male patients post myocadiac infarction, a randomized control trial
Authors: Dor-Haim Horesh , Horowitz Michal , Yaakobi Eldad , Katzburg Sara , Barak Sharon
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Exercise is a valuable intervention modality for patients post-myocardial infarction (MI). Aerobic and resistance training are both commonly used separately in cardiac rehabilitation. However, the effect of aerobic interval exercise combined with alternating sets of resistance training (super-circuit training, SCT) on cardiac electrophysiologic and anthropometric measures had not been thoroughly investigated.

Aim

The primary objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of moderate-intensity continuous-aerobic training (CAT) vs. SCT on cardiac electrical measures (resting electrocardiographic, ECG; a nd heart rate variability, HRV) in patients’ post-MI presenting reduced left ventricular function. Second, to examine its effect on anthropometric measures.

Material and methods

Twenty-nine men post-MI with reduced left ventricular function were assigned randomly to either 12 weeks of CAT (n = 15) or SCT (n = 14). CAT group performed moderate-intensity activity. SCT group performed high-intensity exercise, alternating between resistance and aerobic training. Differences between CAT and SCT groups were done using independent t-tests, paired t-tests and effect size (ES).

Results

Participants in both groups improved their HRV measures (increase in HFnu; p < 0.05; ES > 0.51) and ECG (reduction in QT-dispersion; p < 0.05; ES > 0.51). Only the SCT group had significant improvements in waist circumference (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Exercise improves cardiac electrical measures post-MI. However, in comparison to CAT, SCT may yield greater anthropometric changes. In order to have improvements in cardiac electrical stability, clinicians working with post-MI patients may use both CAT and SCT. However, SCT might result in greater improvements.
Goi-nafarrera arkaiko eta zaharraren azterketan sakonduz: periodizazio saiorako langaiak
Authors: Reguero Ugarte Urtzi
Published: May 2022

Artikulu honetan, Lakarrak (1997) eta ondoren Gorrochateguik eta Lakarrak (2001) euskararentzat egindako periodizazio saioak goi-nafarrerarentzat balio duen ikusten saiatu naiz eta dialekto horren periodizazio proposamen bat egiten dut. Batez ere, goi-nafarrera arkaikoa (1416-1600) eta zaharra (1600-1745) definitzeko balia litezkeen ezaugarri linguistikoez arituko naiz. Dialektoaren garaikatze hori egiteko hizkuntzaren barneko ezaugarriez baliatu naiz. Orotara 13 ezaugarri aztertu ditut horien bilakabidea eta kronologia kontuan izanda.
Responses
Authors: Woodward James
Published: May 2022

Response to comments.
Atención farmacéutica en interacción alimento-medicamento en una oficina de farmacia de León en el periodo de febrero a julio de 2021
Authors: Díez M.ª José , Jaén Ángela , Alonso M.ª José
Published: May 2022

Las interacciones entre los alimentos y los medicamentos no se detectan con tanta facilidad como las interacciones entre los medicamentos, sin embargo, presentan una gran importancia ya que los alimentos son la sustancia que más se asocia a la toma de medicamentos.

El trabajo se centra en las interacciones alimento-medicamento, que consisten en la modificación de la respuesta farmacológica debido a la ingestión conjunta de alimentos y medicamentos o a un estado de desnutrición o malnutrición por parte del paciente.

Tres grupos de fármacos que son susceptibles de presentar interacciones alimento-medicamentos son las estatinas, la levotiroxina y el acenocumarol.

En este estudio se tratará de comprobar el grado de conocimiento de estas interacciones por parte de los pacientes de la oficina de farmacia, así como aconsejar a estos sobre la toma adecuada de su medicación junto con los alimentos.
Ansiolíticos y aumento en su consumo como consecuencia de la COVID-19 y la fatiga pandémica
Authors: Villasán Victoria Joaquina , Vaquero Velasco Rebeca , Calleja María Aurora
Published: May 2022

La COVID-19 ha dado lugar a consecuencias negativas en numerosos campos; uno de los más importantes ha sido la salud mental y la ansiedad es una de las patologías más frecuentes en cuanto a la misma se refiere. Diversos estudios han relacionado el aumento de la prevalencia de la ansiedad como consecuencia directa de la pandemia, así como la existencia de factores de riesgo y factores protectores frente a la misma.

Uno de los tratamientos farmacológicos más empleados frente a la ansiedad son las benzodiacepinas, por lo que el estudio que se desarrolla a continuación se basa en el análisis de su consumo en una muestra de población de una oficina de farmacia de Valladolid. El 53?% de nuestra muestra comenzó su tratamiento con benzodiacepinas a raíz de la pandemia, e incluso un 20?% de la misma incrementó la dosis. Además, hemos podido observar un aumento generalizado en las ventas de benzodiacepinas entre el año 2019 y el año 2020 en la oficina de farmacia.
De la reforma de Córdoba al Cordobazo La universidad como escenario de las luchas por la democracia en Argentina, 1918-1969 y su impacto en Colombia
Authors: Samacá Alonso Gabriel David , Acevedo Tarazona Álvaro
Published: May 2022

El propósito es mostrar una reflexión sobre el significado de dos movimientos sociales acaecidos en la ciudad de Córdoba de gran relevancia para América Latina protagonizados por estudiantes universitarios. El primero de ellos se conoce en la historia continental como la Reforma Universitaria de inicios de siglo, evento que sentó las bases para una democratización de la universidad latinoamericana, mientras que el segundo constituye un movimiento representativo de las tensiones de los años sesenta, periodo en el que el movimiento estudiantil experimentó un proceso de radicalización hacia la izquierda en el marco de una revolución cultural de impacto global. Así pues, la descripción de cada uno de los eventos mencionados y una reflexión final sobre su significado histórico, permitirán mostrar cómo un proceso tan complejo como la formación de los educadores en las universidades no puede desconocer los aportes del movimiento estudiantil en la construcción de la educación universitaria.
Modernización sobre Rieles. El Ferrocarril de Barranquilla y el Tranvía Eléctrico de Medellín. Dos Obras de Gran Impacto en el Proceso de Construcción de Ciudad:1870-1955
Authors: Márquez Estrada José Wilson
Published: May 2022

Este artículo analiza el impacto modernizador de dos dispositivos de transporte masivo; el tranvía de Medellín y el ferrocarril de Barranquilla. Se analizan sus procesos de construcción y consolidación como sistemas de transporte y su efecto en el proceso de construcción de ciudad moderna en Medellín y Barranquilla respectivamente. Igualmente, se examinan su funcionamiento como proyectos empresariales y las diferentes circunstancias que lo llevaron a ser el eje del sistema vial en sus respectivas localidades y las crisis que finalmente producen su declive y su cierre. También se analizan las características históricas, económicas y sociales de estos dos centros urbanos, que gracias a diferentes experiencias modernizadoras y al compromiso de sus elites, se consolidaron como dos polos fundamentales de desarrollo comercial, industrial y cultural de la nación colombiana en la primera mitad del siglo XX.
Dinámicas controvertidas entre expresión étnica-cultural y articulación política
Authors: Rossbach de Olmos Lioba
Published: May 2022

El siguiente artículo pretende discutir algunos aspectos centrales de una controversia surgido en las últimas décadas en Colombia sobre las comunidades afrocolombianas. El punto de partida es una descripción de las experiencias y articulaciones políticas de las poblaciones negras de Colombia, Bolivia y Cuba que son parecidas pero diferentes a la vez y no parece conveniente acercárselas por un solo marco teórico o interpretativo, sino por una reflexión especial que parte del contexto en que surgían. Es por esto que el articulo postula una postura abierta hacia la diversidad desde sus propias categoría y condiciones comprendiendo las diferencias como respuestas distintas a problemas comunes.
Editorial
Authors: Luquetta Cediel David J. , Vidal Ortega Antonino
Published: May 2022

Editorial del número 16
Colombia, Panamá y la Ruta Panamericana: Encuentros y Desencuentros
Authors: Orozco Cuello Carlos , Sanandres Campis Eliana , Molinares Guerrero Ivonne
Published: May 2022

Este artículo es un análisis basado en los resultados de un proyecto de investigación de carácter descriptivo y explicativo que retoma la controversia surgida en las últimas décadas sobre la construcción de la Ruta Panamericana en el Tapón del Darién, donde hace más de 30 años este proyecto ha estado estancado por el conflicto de intereses entre los grupos involucrados. El objetivo es mostrar, desde la perspectiva teórica de la interdependencia compleja, que la culminación de la Ruta Panamericana en la Región del Darién proporciona una infraestructura vial conjunta que facilita el proceso de integración continental, al tiempo que beneficia las relaciones de Colombia y Panamá y su influencia en Suramérica, partiendo de la premisa según la cual la unión de territorios afines garantiza las dimensiones necesarias para ejercer un alto grado de poder político y económico.
Los Montes de María: Región, conflicto armado y desarrollo productivo
Authors: Daniels Puello Amaranto , Múnera Cavadía Alfonso
Published: May 2022

Reseña del libro "Los Montes de María: región, conflicto armado y desarrollo productivo" escrito por Amaranto Daniels Puello & Alfonso Múnera Cavadía