bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution to Mobility and Orientation Teaching Programs
Authors: Livramento da Silva Renato Fonseca , Ramirez Alejandro Rafael Garcia
Published: May 2013

The long cane widely used by blind people in their daily locomotion works as an extension of tactile sense. However, it does not supply the need to read elements located above the waistline, commonly found in urban centers, and which represent physical constraints. Those constraints, such as pay phones, awnings, dumps, and others may cause accidents, transmitting insecurity. This chapter describes the assistive technology project named Electronic Long Cane, which has been developed as a mobility aid for blind or visual impaired people in open urban spaces. The approach includes an ergonomic design along with embedded electronics placed inside the grip of a traditional long cane. The device, through haptics, warns of obstacles above the waistline, avoiding potential collisions, therefore leading to better surrounding perception and safer locomotion. There is a discussion upfront on the efforts towards improvement of the interaction between visually impaired people and the urban environment through experimental methods. The related evaluation was carried out by voluntary blind people along with experts on mobility techniques. A detailed analysis of touch technique, which is the basis for consequent design of white cane, is also presented.
On the Development of a Multi-Modal Autonomous Wheelchair
Authors: Bonarini Andrea , Ceriani Simone , Fontana Giulio , Matteucci Matteo
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this chapter is twofold: on one hand, it aims at defining a clear framework for the design and implementation of autonomous wheelchairs, highlighting the main challenges; on the other hand, it presents a complete and working system of such type, called LURCH. This incorporates technology from autonomous robotics, and interacts with its user through a multi-modal user interface, including joystick, touch screen, electromyographic control, or brain-computer interface. If required, other input methods and controllers can be seamlessly integrated. The result is an autonomous wheelchair capable of supporting user mobility while adapting its level of autonomy both to the abilities and to the requirements of the user. Moreover, the capabilities of such a system (in terms of perception, data processing, user interface, communication) open the way to novel modes of interaction between environment and wheelchair users, really making the latter differently able, i.e., endowing them with abilities that walking people cannot access without special equipment.
New Trends in Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) Integration
Authors: Koumaditis Konstantinos , Themistocleous Marinos , Morabito Vincenzo
Published: May 2013

The aim of this chapter is to introduce Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) governance as a paradigm to integrate Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) and e-health services. Healthcare professionals, patients, policymakers, and business partners increasingly require the utilization and enhancement of e-health services at a global scale. However, traditional approaches to integrate services in Healthcare Information Systems expose issues of concern like complexity, resistance to change, and organisational issues. On the other hand, SOA assures an environment of cooperating services where application services are interwoven within old and new applications. Nevertheless, SOA’s nature to extend beyond the technical infrastructure to organization and human elements requires governance mechanisms to excel. SOA governance is a new research area that has the potential to assist in HIS integration. This chapter presents SOA governance aspect in a healthcare perspective and provides useful insights of an emerging issue.
Graph-Theoretical Indices based on Simple, General and Complete Graphs
Authors: Pogliani Lionello
Published: May 2013

Valence molecular connectivity indices are based on the concept of valence delta, d v, that can be derived from general chemical graphs or chemical pseudographs. A general graph or pseudograph has multiple edges and loops and can be used to encode, through the valence delta, chemical entities. Two graph-theoretical concepts derived from chemical pseudographs are the intrinsic (I) and the electrotopological state (E) values, which are the used to define the valence delta of the pseudoconnectivity indices, ?I,S. Complete graphs encode, through a new valence delta, the core electrons of any atoms in a molecule. The connectivity indices, either valence connectivity or pseudoconnectivity, are the starting point to develop the dual connectivity indices. The dual indices show that not only can they assume negative values but also cover a wide range of numerical values. The central parameter of the molecular connectivity theory, the valence delta, defines a completely new set of connectivity indices, which can be distinguished by their configuration and advantageously used to model different properties and activities of compounds.
Logistic vs. W-Lambert Information in Quantum Modeling of Enzyme Kinetics
Authors: Putz Mihai V. , Putz Ana-Maria
Published: May 2013

In this paper, the authors use the logistic temporal solution of the generalized Michaelis-Menten kinetics to provide a quantum basis for the tunnelling time and energy evaluations of Brownian enzymic reactions. The mono-substrate and mixed inhibition cases are treated and the associated quantum diagrams of the reaction mechanisms are depicted in terms of intermediate enzyme complexes. The methodology is suited for practically controlling the enzymic activity throughout absorption spectroscopy.
Using Chemical Structural Indicators for Periodic Classification of Local Anaesthetics
Authors: Torrens Francisco , Castellano Gloria
Published: May 2013

Algorithms for classification and taxonomy based on criteria as information entropy and its production are proposed. Some local anaesthetics, currently in use, are classified using five characteristic chemical properties of different portions of their molecules. Many classification algorithms are based on information entropy. When applying the procedures to sets of moderate size, an excessive number of results appear compatible with data and the number suffers a combinatorial explosion. However, after the equipartition conjecture one has a selection criterion between different variants resulting from classification between hierarchical trees. Information entropy and principal component analyses agree. A table of periodic properties of anaesthetics is obtained. The first three features denote the group while the last two indicate the period in the table. The anaesthetics in the same group and period are suggested to present maximum similarity in properties. Furthermore the ones with only the same group will present important resemblance.
Experimental-Theoretical Method for Defining Physical-Mechanical Properties of Polymer Materials with Regard to Change of Their Physical-Chemical Properties
Authors: Aliyev Gabil G.
Published: May 2013

In this paper, an experimental-theoretical method is suggested for defining physical-mechanical characteristics of polymer materials with regard to influence of corrosive liquid media. Experimental dependences of mechanical characteristics on a swelling function are given for a series of polymer materials. One dimensional and three-dimensional linear-elastic models of body deformation with regard to influence of corrosive liquid media are suggested. A new phenomenon, bulging of a polymer strip rigidly fastened by both ends because of swilling forces, is established. The stability criterion is given for a strip made of a polymer material situated under the action of swelling forces only.
Wavy Motion of Viscous Bubbly Liquid in Tubes of Orthotropic Material
Authors: Amenzadeh Rafael Yusif , Sayyad Akperli Reyhan , Naghiyev Faig Bakhman Ogli
Published: May 2013

This article investigates the pulsating flow of a compressible two-phase bubble of viscous fluid contained in an elastic orthotropicle direct axis tube. In this work, one-dimensional linear equations have been used. It is assumed that the tube is rigidly attached to the certain environment. In the case of finite length the pressure is applied at the end of its faces. In the limited process, relations obtained for a very long tube. Such a description, in a sense generalizes and strengthens the work of this type. In the numerical experiment a semi-infinite tube with flowing water containing small amount of air bubbles is considered. The influence of volume fraction of bubbles on wave characteristics is determined.
Developing Business Model with Open Source Enterprise Resource Planning
Authors: Deodhar Swanand J. , Saxena Kulbhushan C. , Gupta Rajen K. , Ruohonen Mikko
Published: May 2013

Open source approach to software development has been used to develop the so-called ‘horizontal infrastructure’ software such as databases and application servers. However, there is an increasing acceptance of open source approach for developing business applications like enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. Indeed, organizations are building business models around ERP and similar business application developed using open source. In this chapter, the authors analyze the business model of one such open source ERP and explain increasing importance of software licensing and partner networks in FOS-ERP business models.
Knowledge Management Processes in Enterprise Systems
Authors: Ghazali Razatulshima , Zakaria Nor Hidayati
Published: May 2013

Activities related to Enterprise Systems (ES) are knowledge-intensive tasks, and the management of ES-related knowledge has received much attention in the Knowledge Management (KM) field. A systematic literature review of empirical studies of KM processes in the ES lifecycle identifies the KM processes most widely explored and the ES-related knowledge most often addressed. From 350 relevant book chapters, journal articles, and conference papers, 49 papers discuss KM processes in the ES lifecycle. The KM process that appears most often in studies of KM in the ES context is knowledge transfer/sharing. The type of ES-related knowledge most often studied in the literature is knowledge of the client organization.
CRM for Academic Institution and Universities
Authors: Nagori Viral
Published: May 2013

“Keep your customers happy and satisfied to create value in the long run for the firm.” The statement is the motto of all business organisations to become a successful enterprise. Customer relationship management is mainly used to identify the buying habits of the customers, analyse trends and patterns, and market the product to the targeted customers. Academic institutions and universities are considered as a service industry, so the scope and role of CRM would be drastically different compared to manufacturing industries. In the Indian context, the main customers of the institutions or universities are parents of the students who spend significant amount on their children’s education. The companies that recruit graduate students are also considered as the customer for academic institutions and universities. The chapter discusses the fundamentals of CRM, its uses and application in academic environment, and technology supporting CRM. The major emphasis of the chapter is on how to automate communication among the students, parents, and faculties. The chapter also focuses on streamlining and providing the details of the performance of students for the campus interview and final placements to the companies. The chapter also throws light on the role of technology in CRM implementation in academic institutions and universities. Advantages offered by CRM in academic environment are also discussed. The chapter provides guidelines for successful implementations of CRM in academic environment. To narrow down the scope of the study, it is confined to CRM for academic institutions universities offering higher education (graduate/post graduate courses) in Indian environment.
Enterprise Resource Planning Acceptance Model (ERPAM)
Authors: Sternad Simona , Bobek Samo
Published: May 2013

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have been implemented in most organizations for few years. But most of the organizations cannot really expose promised benefits of ERP systems. One of the reasons might be ERP users who do not accepted and use ERP system properly. In IT/IS literature organizational users have been exposed as important factor, which has influence on IT/IS acceptance and usage. Technology acceptance model (TAM) proposed by Davis (1989) has been most widely used model for researching user acceptance and usage of IT/IS. While this research is not the first attempt to apply TAM to ERP context, the authors of this chapter aim to make more contributions to the topic. First, they focus on the ERP system use in routine (mature) stage, and because of that, they use construct extended use instead of actual use. In the latest research of ERP system usage, the relationship between work compatibility and usefulness has been examined. New relationships between work compatibility and attitude toward using ERP system have been added. In all TAM studies regarding ERP context, a small number of external factors have been researched. The groups of external factors that have influence on ERP extended usage have been researched. The proposed model has been empirically tested using data collected from a survey of 293 ERP users in 44 organizations across country.
Mapping and Data Base Modeling for Public Sector Strategic Enterprise Resource Planning
Authors: Thomson J.D.
Published: May 2013

This Enterprise Resource Planning database model provides a systematic, logical and regular basis for the collection, collation, dissemination and mapping of strategic Enterprise Resource Planning data. Selective access to this accurate and timely data will improve public sector strategic Enterprise Resource Planning performance, accountability and administration. It will assist the public sector to be more effective and efficient in resource allocation and investment outcomes measurement, is transparent, and will encourage the development of trust, networks and social capital amongst public sector employees and their suppliers. The model has been successfully demonstrated through the establishment and analysis of an Enterprise Resource Planning data base with the Australian Department of Defence (ADoD). The Australian ADoD is a Federal Government Department with a FY 2008/9 spend of AU$9.3bn on products (goods and services), their support and maintenance, from almost every industry sector, on a global basis. While the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning is usually viewed as a means of reducing transaction costs, in practice such implementation often increases transaction costs. Public sector bureaucratic hierarchies and their governance systems contribute to transaction costs. This research provides an Enterprise Resource Planning database model so that the public sector can achieve improved field mapping and strategic Enterprise Resource Planning using existing data and resources at lowest transaction cost.
Project Management-Based Design for Online Learning
Authors: Kurubacak Gulsun , Yuzer T. Volkan
Published: May 2013

Designing an online learning milieu by utilizing project management-based design has different dimensions, such as the responsibility assignment management, implementation management, time management, cost management, procurement management, risk management, quality insurance management, human resources management, and communication management perspectives of online learning design and its models. The main purpose of this chapter is to elucidate the dimensions, components, and characteristics of Project Management-Based Online Learning Design (PMBOLD). This chapter, therefore, focuses on how to design and deliver online learning based on utilizing project management approach. Based on the main purpose of this study, the authors consider on how to plan, organize, secure, and manage resources to bring about the successful completion of online learning goals and objectives. They also discuss online learning design and its models from a progressive and transformative viewpoint of project management-based design. This is vital for distance education designers to examine online learning models how to bring a global and multicultural partnership of faculty, administrators, professionals, teachers, community activists, researchers, and parents as well as understand and challenge the injustices digital societies face.
Learn to Learn to Integrate ERP-Systems and Content Knowledge Using Problem Based Learning and Cases
Authors: Andersson Annika
Published: May 2013

Research in the integration of technology and content knowledge using problem-based learning (PBL) is a challenge. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to describe experiences and lessons learned from integrating ERP-systems (enterprise resource planning systems) into economic topics course using PBL and cases created for the integration of technology and content knowledge in a business school setting. The mission was to develop the economic students’ analyzing abilities using a ERP-system as a pedagogical tool. A summary table describes how problem-based learning and cases were developed and used within collaboration among universities, colleagues, businesses, and students to accomplish integration of both technology and content knowledge. The experience was that students developed abilities to analyze technology from both theory and a deeper understanding of theory by analyzing technology. The lessons learned were that integration of technology and content knowledge using problem based learning and cases is a never-ending cooperative and learning process.
An Analytical Survey of Free/Open Source ERP Systems and their Potential Marketplace in Brazil
Authors: Monsores Marcelo , Tanaka Asterio
Published: May 2013

With the growing complexity and dynamics of modern organizations, ERP systems contribute to the management of business processes and allow strategic decisions to be taken more quickly and more safely, through a systemic, integrated view of the corporation. Free/Open Source software has consolidated as an increasingly viable alternative for this kind of systems, through the flexibility provided by its business and development model and the consequent possibility of total cost reduction. The objective of this chapter is to present a comparative survey of the main free/open source ERP systems currently available in the marketplace, their features focused in Brazilian companies and a general overview on its potential market.
Advantages, Limitations, and Solutions in the Use of ERP Systems
Authors: Azevedo Paula Serdeira , Romão Mário , Rebelo Efigénio
Published: May 2013

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have emerged as solutions oriented to manage organizations’ resources in an integrated way. They allow the automation of department activities, make information available to users at the right time, and support more accurately their decision-making needs. However, although the implementation of these systems has brought considerable benefits to users, they do not cover all processes from all industries. Many organizations have recognized this limitation and consequently felt the need to implement specific solutions to their industry, sector, or line of business. From the collected case study business drivers and objectives, the authors analyze the advantages and limitations of ERP Systems in the hospitality industry in order to understand how this industry uses ERP Systems and solves the challenge of integrating information spread through several heterogeneous information systems.
Building Efficient Assessment Applications with Personalized Feedback
Authors: Bodea Constanta-Nicoleta , Dascalu Maria-Iuliana
Published: May 2013

The aim of this chapter is to provide a model for requirement specification, useful in developing efficient e-assessment applications with personalized feedback, which is enhanced by calling a recommender engine. The research was done in the context of using educational technology to facilitate learning processes. The data used to build the requirement model was collected from a set of interviews with the users and creators of an e-assessment application in project management. Requirement analysis assumes human effort and thus introduces uncertainties. To minimize the subjective factor, the data extracted from interviews with the users and the developers of the existing e-assessment application are clustered using a fuzzy logic solution into classes of requirements. These classes are the units of the model. The connections between classes are also mentioned: relations such as “if-then,” “switch,” or” contains” are explained. The requirements analysis conducts a smart set of specifications, obtained in a collaborative manner, useful for the design of e-assessment applications in project management or other similar domains.
Why Select an Open Source ERP over Proprietary ERP?
Authors: Huq Nasimul , Shah Syed Mushtaq Ali , Mihailescu Daniela
Published: May 2013

This chapter introduces the key factors that motivate Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) to select Open Source ERP (OS ERP) over the proprietary ERP. The chapter starts with the related previous research works by stating the basic concepts of OS ERP selection. The goal of this chapter is to empirically identify the most important factors that may motivate the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) to select this category of enterprise systems. Therefore this chapter proposes a Theoretical Model for Open Source ERP selection by SMEs and later on conducts an empirical study based on that theoretical model. The chapter tries to broaden the discussion around the important selection factors by including the perspective of the suppliers along with the perspective of OS ERP implementer SMEs.
Exploding Web 3.0 and Web 2.0 for Sales Processes Definition
Authors: López-Cuadrado José Luis , González-Carrasco Israel , García-Crespo Ángel , Ruiz-Mezcua Belén
Published: May 2013

The evolution of Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 technologies has lead to a new way of Customer Relationship Management. Web 2.0 provides communication and collaboration elements that can improve on the one hand the quality of the relationships with customers and, on the other hand, the collaboration among the members of the company. Web 3.0 provides semantic information for the knowledge available, as well as shared vocabularies by means of ontologies. In this chapter the main trends and implications of these technologies are summarized. Taking into account the characteristics of social and semantic technologies, a new architecture is proposed in order to facilitate the communication among customers and sales experts. Furthermore a framework for automating sales processes based in the collaborative knowledge representation collected by the experts and, if required, the customers is presented. The proposed framework goes beyond a single recommender system or a social tool. Its aim is to cover the issues related to the necessity of integrate the customer in the overall sales process, exploiting the mentioned advantages of these new Web technologies.
Accessibility Implementation for Disabled Students in PMBOLD Environments
Authors: Alphin Henry C.
Published: May 2013

Project management theory provides an organized, cost-effective approach to providing an accessible e-learning environment. Such a collaborative project has the opportunity to bring together such professionals as instructional designers, disability services staff, and institutional researchers. Accessibility as an afterthought is a costly approach, and disabled students are a large enough minority to seek equality of opportunity. E-learning accessibility empowers the individual by providing educational content in formats that not only encourage collaboration and learning, but also reduce frustration and develop a sense of inclusiveness. A project manager who understands the importance of e-learning accessibility will be able to grow the project from the ground up in a manner that empowers the disabled, while benefiting all learners.
Enterprise Information Systems Adoption in Iberian Large Companies
Authors: Trigo António , Varajão João , Barroso João , Soto-Acosta Pedro , Molina-Castillo Francisco J. , Gonzalvez-Gallego Nicolas
Published: May 2013

Information Systems (IS) and Technologies assume a wide variety of roles within companies, ranging from operational to strategic support of the company. This fact puts pressure on managers, who are required to manage these investments properly. This chapter presents a study conducted with several Chief Information Officers from large Iberian companies with the purpose of identifying and characterizing the roles played by IS and the motivations currently behind their adoption. The findings of this study reveal the reasons why IS and technologies are being adopted by Iberian companies are evolving and that, while the adoption of certain types of systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning systems is now consolidated, the adoption of other systems like Business Intelligence is expected to increase significantly in the near future.
Management Practices in Exploration and Production Industry
Authors: Saeed Kashif , Ziegler Georg , Yaqoob Muhammad Kashif
Published: May 2013

This chapter is divided into three main sections; project management, HSE management, and quality management. A focus description of the different elements of exploration and production industry along with implementation of management practices on each of these elements including asset/portfolio, resources, time, project planning and scheduling, and proactive risk management are presented. Health safety and environment and quality management are dealt with as separate sections.
Managing Organizational Change
Authors: Bariff Martin L.
Published: May 2013

Many project deliverables extend beyond a product or a service for sale to customers. The deliverable may include a new or a revised process for internal workflow or relations with customers, suppliers, or partners. The success of these projects will depend upon adoption of the new or revised process in addition to typical metrics for cost, schedule, risk, and quality. The project manager and team will be responsible for “managing organizational change”—a skillset that is not addressed within the Project Management Institute Body of Knowledge. The purpose of this chapter is to provide sufficient knowledge about approaches and implementation for organizational change to achieve total project success. Case studies are included to illustrate best practices and lessons learned.
Assessing Workflow Ability of ERP and WfM Systems for Implementing Business Processes
Authors: Aversano Lerina , Tortorella Maria
Published: May 2013

Automation of a business process can be obtained by using a workflow management system or ERP system embedding workflow functionalities. The wider diffusion of ERP systems tends to favor the latter solution. There are several practical limitations of most ERP systems when automating business processes. To date, there is a lack of empirical studies aiming at achieving an evidence of these limitations. This chapter reports a study assessing the “workflow ability” of ERP systems and comparing this with that of Workflow Management Systems. Then, an empirical study was conducted regarding two different case studies. The correctness and completeness of the process models implemented using ERP and WfM systems were evaluated and analyzed.
Serious Games Applied to Project Management Teaching
Authors: Raabe André , Santos Eliana , Paludo Lauriana , Benitti Fabiane
Published: May 2013

The main focus of this chapter is to report studies that explain how to develop serious games and use them in teaching and learning. The focus has been on undergraduate teaching, experience with which the authors detail in this chapter related to the topic of Project Management. This contribution aims to share experiences and also to assess what has been done by proposing a set of recommendations for development and use of serious games in teaching practices in undergraduate education.
Knowledge Management and Project Management in 3D
Authors: Russell Steve
Published: May 2013

Project management can be improved using modern interfaces that more naturally show work situations. Employees have deep real world knowledge that can be exploited, and a sense of common purpose among team members that can be enhanced. But, project efforts are currently guided only with structured charts and diagrams that show participants the state of their team’s work activities. These charting tools have become more colorful and visually clear over time to reduce any uncertainty regarding task assignments, interdependencies, and any important schedule delays. However, a three dimensional environment extends the range of vision dramatically. Any team member can see what is currently being developed, the status of the process, and any pertinent actions needing focus, all in persistent and prominent wall displays. Discussions among remote collaborators are facilitated, focused on common views of pressing circumstances. Knowledge retention and transfer is more robust, and is illustrated in more compelling contexts keyed to current work activities. The immediacy of three dimensional world immersion will allow even forgetful workers to see at a glance the state of their contribution as well as the completion progress of those upon whom they depend.
The Role of Emerging Technologies in Developing and Sustaining Diverse Suppliers in Competitive Markets
Authors: Williams Alvin J.
Published: May 2013

As organizations seek to maintain competitiveness in an ever-challenging global economic environment, considerable attention has been focused on rationalizing and realigning supply bases to match market realities. Firms are reducing and restructuring the number and types of suppliers from which they buy goods and services worldwide. This restructuring has a direct impact on minority suppliers. This chapter focuses on how minority suppliers can use technology, with particular focus on electronic procurement systems and related methods, to strengthen performance and attractiveness to potential business-to-business customers. Through the use of e-procurement, electronic auctions, and multiple customer relationship management processes, minority firms can strengthen relationships that lead to long-term success.
Kerklike tradisie en kultuur as bydraende faktore in die diens aan die Koninkryk – die lewe en werk van dominee Kálmán Papp II (geb. 1924)
Authors: Papp Kálmán D.
Published: May 2013

Church tradition and culture as contributory factors in service to the Kingdom. This study describes how reverend Kálmán Papp (1924– ) was able to leave his land of origin behind under difficult, unasked-for and compelling circumstances and embrace a new future in a far-off and unknown country. This follows from his spontaneous responding and acting positively to the effects of cultural interaction and the common denominational factor of the Reformed Church ever present. The study argues in its methodology that it is an oversimplification and a mistake to seek truth by avoiding, underestimating or eliminating the necessary outcome of cultural interaction and church tradition in the choices we make (even theologically) and experiences we have of life. This is the true life story of a church minister who finds his destiny and becomes himself a minister in the service of God’s Kingdom, through faith’s challenges and encounters with the theologies and cultures of his embracing worlds.
Dilemma of choice between breastfeeding and replacement feeding among HIV positive mothers in Tanzania
Authors: Mnongya LM
Published: May 2013

Breast milk provides all the nutrients needed during the first few months of life, and also contains agents that help protect against common childhood illnesses such as diarrhoea and respiratory infections. The objective of the study is to express challenges facing HIV positive mothers in choosing between replacement feeding and breast-feeding in Tanzania from 1999-2011. Breastfeeding is part of the fundamental human rights; the right to food and to health. In HIV+ mothers, if no antiretroviral drugs are being taken, breastfeeding for two or more years can double the risk of the baby becoming infected to around 40 %. But if the mother opts to breast-feed, she and her child must adhere 100% to ARV’s throughout thebreastfeeding time. But percentage of HIV+ breastfeeding mothers accessing ARV’s in developing countries is only 59%. Replacement feeding is the only 100% effective way to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV after birth, but the risk of infant mortality from other illnesses such as diarrhoea must be taken into account. It was also advised that replacement feeding could take place where it was “acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe.” Breastfeeding should be promoted as ideal for most babies in low and middle income countries. HIV positive mothers should be supported not only by their husbands and health personnel but also by the community in general to choose between breastfeeding and replacement feeding in order to ensure growth of the infant and to support the mother physically and mentally to attain that goal.
Unnoticed but important two in one
Authors: Salingwa L
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine that uses small amounts of radioactive material to diagnose and determine the severity of some diseases and on the other hand treat a variety of diseases.Diagnostic Part: This involves administration of a radionuclide with an affinity for an organ or tissue of interest followed by the recording of the distribution of radioactivity with a stationary or scanning external scintillation camera (commonly a Gamma camera). Basing on the radioactivity pattern, a disease condition is diagnosed and/or its severity(or distribution) determined.Interventional Nuclear Medicine: This involves use of ionizing radiation energy (short range beta rays) from a radioactive material introduced into the body to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. An important example is radioactive iodine (I131) therapy in thyroid hyperactivity.Conclusion: The resolution of structures of the body when using nuclear medicine may not be as high as with other imaging modalities such as CT or MRI but is more sensitive especially when coupled with CT such as in PET/CT; and the functional information gained from it is often unobtainable when other imaging modalities are used.
Surgical Management of Parapharyngeal Abscess
Authors: Tubachi Jagadish , Hakeem Arsheed , Pradeep DC , Nayak Puneeth
Published: May 2013

Parapharyngeal abscess is a life-threatening infection. It occurs due to spread of infection form anatomical locations in the vicinity of the space. Management of the deep neck infection is governed by the general condition of the patient, the extent of disease and patency of airway. In treatment of deep neck infections intensive antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage are complementary to each other.

How to cite this article

Tubachi J, Hakeem A, Pradeep DC, Nayak P. Surgical Management of Parapharyngeal Abscess. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2012;4(3):122-124.
Infratemporal Fossa, Masticator Space and Parapharyngeal Space: Can the Radiologist and Surgeon speak the Same Language?
Authors: Arya Supreeta , Rane Pawan , D'Cruz Anil
Published: May 2013

Imaging is an integral part of head and neck cancer staging and assessing resectability. Accurate perception of imaging information by the clinician is possible only by effective communication between radiologist and surgeon. Traditionally, the radiologist studies the head neck region with two dimensional cross-sectional imaging. The surgeon perceives the head and neck region by real-time experience at surgery as a threedimensional (3D) space. Advances in computed tomography (multidetector CT) provide multiplanar and 3D reformations as added tools to facilitate understanding the complex anatomy and pathology and improve accuracy in staging. Despite these aids, accurate information requires a precise understanding of the different nomenclature of suprahyoid spaces used by the radiologist and clinician. While clinicians are familiar with infratemporal fossa (ITF), radiologists are familiar with masticator space (MS). Although these have been used interchangeably in the staging systems, the subtle difference needs to be understood. Literature also has differing definitions of the parapharyngeal space (PPS). This article describes these spaces, the varied definitions of PPS and the implications of involvement of structures of the ITF and MS on T staging of head neck cancers. A practical approach to the differential diagnoses of parapharyngeal lesions is also described.

How to cite this article

Arya S, Rane P, D'Cruz A. Infratemporal Fossa, Masticator Space and Parapharyngeal Space: Can the Radiologist and Surgeon speak the Same Language? Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2012;4(3):125-135
Schwannoma of Descendence Hypoglossi Nerve
Authors: Ghorpade Chetan V , Deo Ravi P , Thorat Raghuji D , Watve Jayant K
Published: May 2013

We are reporting a case of 30-year-old female with asymptomatic left sided neck mass who underwent surgical excision. She was diagnosed as having a neurilemmoma of left descendence hypoglossi nerve on histopathological examination. The review of available literature has shown it is a rare occurrence.

How to cite this article

Ghorpade CV, Deo RP, Thorat RD, Watve JK. Schwannoma of Descendence Hypoglossi Nerve. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2012;4(3):144-146.
Juvenile Aggressive Cemento-ossifying Fibroma of the Maxilla
Authors: Mishra Sarita , Bist Sampan Singh , Aggarwal Vinish
Published: May 2013

Fibro-osseous lesions of the face and paranasal sinuses are relatively uncommon. The biological characteristics of fibroosseous lesions range from indolent to aggressive and from inflammatory to neoplastic. Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a rare, benign fibro-osseous lesion composed of lamellar bone, fibrous tissue and cementum. It is usually found in the jaw bone and presents in several variant pathological subtypes. The overlapping clinical, radiologic and histomorphologic features of these subtypes have led to diagnostic dilemma for the clinician, radiologist and the histopathologist. Clinically, the lesions are usually asymptomatic, slow-growing and wellcircumscribed. However, in very few cases, these tumors have demonstrated an aggressive course of development. Lesions that involve the midface and paranasal sinuses and presenting in earlier age tend to demonstrate aggressive behavior and rapid growth. We describe a case of a 13 years old young boy with aggressively behaving cemento-ossifying fibroma of the maxilla presenting acutely as right cheek swelling with gingival growth.

How to cite this article

Bist SS, Varshney S, Bhagat S, Mishra S, Aggarwal V. Juvenile Aggressive Cemento-ossifying Fibroma of the Maxilla. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2012;4(3):156-159.
Wage-Productivity Gap in OECD Economies
Authors: Elgin Ceyhun , Kuzubas Tolga Umut
Published: May 2013

The Walrasian theory of labor market equilibrium predicts that in the absence of any market frictions, workers earn a wage rate equal to their marginal productivity. In this paper, based on the neoclassical tradition, the authors define the ratio of the marginal product of labor to real wages as the Pigouvian exploitation rate and then construct a panel dataset of this specific wage-productivity gap for the manufacturing sector in OECD economies. Next, they investigate its relationship with the unemployment rate along with various other variables such as the government taxation, capital expansion, unionization, inflation. Their findings suggest that the wage-productivity gap gives a robust and significantly positive response to shocks to unemployment rate and a negative response to shocks to unionization.
The temporal evolution of three-dimensional lightning parameters and their suitability for thunderstorm tracking and nowcasting
Authors: Meyer V. K. , Höller H. , Betz H. D.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Total lightning (TL) data have been found to provide valuable information about the internal dynamics of a thunderstorm allowing conclusions about its further development as well as indicating potential of thunderstorm-related severe weather at the ground. This paper investigates electrical discharge correlations of strokes and flashes with respect to the temporal evolution of thunderstorms in case studies as well as by statistical means. The recently developed algorithm li-TRAM (tracking and monitoring of lightning cells, Meyer et al., 2013) has been employed to track and monitor thunderstorms based on three-dimensionally resolved TL data provided as stroke events by the European lightning location network LINET. From statistical investigation of 863 suited thunderstorm life cycles, the cell area turned out to correlate well with (a) the total discharge rate, (b) the in-cloud (IC) discharge rate, and (c) the mean IC discharge height per lightning cell as identified by li-TRAM. All three parameter correlations consistently show an abrupt change in discharge characteristics around a cell area of 170 km2. Statistical investigations supported by the comparison of three case studies – selected to represent a single storm, a multi-cell and a supercell – strongly suggest that the correlation functions include the temporal evolution as well as the storm type. With the help of volumetric radar data, it can also be suggested that the well-defined break observed at 170 km2 marks the region where the transition occurs from short-lived and rather simple structured single storm cells to better organized, more persistent, and more complex structured thunderstorm forms, e.g. multi-cells and supercells. All three storm types experience similar discharge characteristics during their growing and dissipating phases. However, while the poorly organized and short-lived cells preferentially remain small during a short mature phase, mainly the more persistent thunderstorm types develop to sizes above 170 km2 during a pronounced mature stage. At that stage they exhibit on average higher discharge rates at higher altitudes as compared with matured single cells. With the maximum stroke distance set to 10 km and a flash duration set to 1 s, the parameterization functions found for the stroke rate as a function of the cell area have been transformed to a flash rate. The presented study suggests that, with respect to the storm type, stroke and flash correlations can be parameterized. There is also strong evidence that parameterization functions include the time parameter, so that altogether TL stroke information has good potential to pre-estimate the further evolution (nowcast) of a currently observed storm in an object-oriented thunderstorm nowcasting approach.
Cross-validation of inferred daytime airborne CO2 urban-regional scale surface fluxes with eddy-covariance observations and emissions inventories in Greater London
Authors: Font A. , Grimmond C. S. B. , Morguí J.-A. , Kotthaus S. , Priestman M. , Barratt B.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Data obtained from eleven flight surveys on six days during October 2011 were used to characterize the urban CO2 dome in Greater London (GL) and to calculate CO2 fluxes at the city scale. Flights crossed GL along two transects (SW-NE and SSE-NNW) at an altitude of 360 m. Increments as high as 23 ppmv were measured. The maximum CO2 mixing ratios were localized over GL under low wind speeds, whereas a displacement of the urban plume downwind from the centre of the urban area occurred during high wind speeds. The urban-regional surface CO2 flux was calculated for four days by the Integrative Mass Boundary Layer (IMBL) method. The diurnal CO2 flux in GL obtained from the aircraft observations ranged from 46 to 104 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 during the day time. The mean CO2 fluxes estimated from the IMBL method were statistically similar to those observed by eddy-covariance systems located in central London and a spatially integrated emissions inventory for GL. This study provides an important cross-validation of two independent measurement-based methods to infer the contribution of urban areas to climate change in terms of CO2 surface fluxes, both of which complement bottom-up emissions inventories. The uncertainties of fluxes estimated by the IMBL method are considered and the limits of implementation of atmospheric methods to infer city-scale fluxes are discussed.
High-precision measurement of satellite range and velocity using the EISCAT radar
Authors: Markkanen J. , Nygrén T. , Markkanen M. , Voiculescu M. , Aikio A.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. This paper is a continuation of an earlier work by Nygrén et al. (2012), where the velocity of a hard target was determined from a set of echo pulses reflected by the target flying through the radar beam. Here the method is extended to include the determination of range at a high accuracy. The method is as follows. First, the flight time of the pulse from the transmitter to the target is determined at an accuracy essentially better than the accuracy given by the sampling interval. This method makes use of the fact that the receiver filtering creates slopes at the phase flips of the phase modulated echo pulse. A precise flight time is found by investigating the echo amplitude within this slope. A value of velocity is calculated from each echo pulse as explained in the earlier paper. Next, the ranges together with velocities from a single beam pass are combined to a measurement vector for a linear inversion problem. The solution of the inversion problem gives the time-dependent range and velocity from the time interval of satellite flight through the radar beam. The method is demonstrated using the EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter) UHF radar and radio pulses reflected by a satellite. The achieved standard deviations of range are about 5–50 cm and those of velocity are about 3–25 mm s−1.