bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Doppler back-scattering and charge exchange measurements of E × B plasma rotation in the DIII-D tokamak under varying torque conditions
Authors: Pratt Q , Rhodes T , Chrystal C , Carter T
Published: August 2022

Measurements of the E × B toroidal angular velocity,

ω

E
×
B

=

E

r

/

R

B
θ

(

E

r

is the radial electric field, B

θ
is the poloidal magnetic field), are made using the Doppler back-scattering (DBS) and charge-exchange recombination (CER) spectroscopy diagnostics. DBS uses the Doppler shift of wavenumber-resolved density fluctuations while CER uses the Doppler shift of impurity emission lines to independently measure plasma parameters for calculating the local radial electric field. DBS and CER profiles of

ω

E
×
B

as a function of normalized toroidal flux (ρ) are compared at various levels of neutral beam applied torque on the plasma. Under standard neoclassical theory

ω

E
×
B

is a flux surface quantity, making it appropriate to compare across diagnostics. DBS and CER generally show good agreement when comparing

ω

E
×
B

profiles at different levels of neutral beam injection-applied torque. Furthermore, the DBS values have close to the same precision as CER values when averaged over a similar time-scale and effects, such as prompt-torque are considered. DBS is able to observe the rapid (

<

10 ms) modification of the

E

r

profile by the diagnostic neutral beam ‘blips’. This modification is most pronounced when the blip applies a large relative change in torque on the plasma. Overall, these results could have implications on transport analysis and suggests using DBS and CER in conjunction to constrain values of the E × B-shear (sometimes called

γ

E
×
B

).
Two-dimensional MHD equilibria of diamagnetic bubble in gas-dynamic trap
Authors: Khristo M S , Beklemishev A D
Published: August 2022

This article presents a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) two-dimensional numerical model of diamagnetic bubble equilibria in an axisymmetric open trap. The theoretical model consists of the Grad–Shafranov equilibrium equation and the transport equation obtained within the resistive single-fluid MHDs with isotropic pressure. Found are the numerical solutions corresponding to the diamagnetic confinement mode. In particular, the equilibria of the diamagnetic bubble in the gas-dynamic multimirror trap are calculated. We investigate the effect of magnetic field corrugation on the equilibrium; the corrugation of the vacuum field is shown to lead to a rather moderate corrugation of the bubble boundary if the period of corrugation is sufficiently small. A valuable numerical result is the distribution of the diamagnetic field, which would be useful for optimizing the position of the wall-stabilization plates.
Investigation of RF driver equivalent impedance in the inductively coupled SPIDER ion source
Authors: Jain Palak , Recchia Mauro , Maistrello Alberto , Gaio Elena
Published: August 2022

SPIDER experiment includes an RF inductively coupled plasma source working at 0.3 Pa of gas pressure (H/D) where plasma is generated and heated by eight RF drivers, fed by four RF circuits. A single RF circuit is composed of two drivers connected in series, attached to a capacitive matching network, fed by 200 kW 1 MHz RF oscillator through a coaxial transmission line. The knowledge of driver impedance in different experimental conditions is a valuable window for understanding the characteristics of generated plasma. Direct measurement of driver impedance in SPIDER is not possible, it has been estimated via the development of a suitable electrical model of the RF circuit using as input, measurements at the oscillator’s output. This paper reports on the progress in the modeling of the SPIDER RF circuit and discusses a procedure to estimate the driver impedance exploiting also the recently available experimental measurements from the dual directional coupler. The impedance obtained with this approach, derived from measurements obtained in a recent SPIDER campaign, is reported for various operating conditions, such as RF power, gas pressure, plasma grid current, cesium injection rate, type of gas (hydrogen and deuterium), etc.
Rayleigh–Taylor instability under multi-mode perturbation: Discrete Boltzmann modeling with tracers
Authors: Li Hanwei , Xu Aiguo , Zhang Ge , Shan Yiming
Published: August 2022

The two-dimensional Rayleigh–Taylor Instability (RTI) under multi-mode perturbation in compressible flow is probed via the Discrete Boltzmann Modeling (DBM) with tracers. The distribution of tracers provides clear boundaries between light and heavy fluids in the position space. Besides, the position-velocity phase space offers a new perspective for understanding the flow behavior of RTI with intuitive geometrical correspondence. The effects of viscosity, acceleration, compressibility, and Atwood number on the mixing of material and momentum and the mean non-equilibrium strength at the interfaces are investigated separately based on both the mixedness defined by the tracers and the non-equilibrium strength defined by the DBM. The mixedness increases with viscosity during early stage but decreases with viscosity at the later stage. Acceleration, compressibility, and Atwood number show enhancement effects on mixing based on different mechanisms. After the system relaxes from the initial state, the mean non-equilibrium strength at the interfaces presents an initially increasing and then declining trend, which is jointly determined by the interface length and the macroscopic physical quantity gradient. We conclude that the four factors investigated all significantly affect early evolution behavior of an RTI system, such as the competition between interface length and macroscopic physical quantity gradient. The results contribute to the understanding of the multi-mode RTI evolutionary mechanism and the accompanied kinetic effects.
Modelling the Percentage of the Exchangeable Magnesium Based on the Adsorption Ratio in the Some Saline Soils Central Iraq
Authors: Kadium Abed Mahdi Abdul , Shaalan Al-Asadi Roaa Maki , Abdul Kadium Safa Mahdi
Published: August 2022

The study aims at estimating the percentage of exchangeable magnesium in the Some Saline Soils Central Iraq, where the percentage of the exchangeable magnesium is often estimated using hard and time-consuming lab tests, so simpler methods have been developed using soil salinity indicators. The study was conducted on the Some Saline Soils Central Iraq11 sites in depth (30-0 cm deep root area), which included regions of the Middle Euphrates Governorates (Babylon, Karbala, Najaf, Diwaniyah).The results showed a linear relationship between MgAR and EMgR with MgAR ranging between 0.55-0.99 Cmol.kg-1and EMgR ranged from 0.51-0.64 Cmol.kg-1 Also, there was a linear relationship between SAR and ESR. SAR ranged from 2.74-9.66 ( Cmol.kg-1)0.5 and ESR values ranged from 0.84- 5.00Cmol.kg-A linear regression equation was proposed for the percentage of EMgP in the soil based on its adsorption ratio EMgP = 1.114 * MgAR + 0.095 The results of the study Showed that EMgP values ranged between 0.72- 1.22 Cmol.kg-1 in study soil samples.
Digital Camera is a Surveying Tool for Predicting Effect of Fertilizer Level N, Mg on Wheat Growth and Yield in Gypsiferious Soil
Authors: Khalaf Ayad Abdullah , Hammada Ayad Ahmed , Farhan Mohammed Jarullah
Published: August 2022

Field experiment at the College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit / Salah Al-Din Governorate / Iraq was conducted during the agricultural season 2017 - 2018 to study the status and growth of wheat crop species Cham 6 under influence of fertilizers of nitrogen and magnesium in Gypsiferious soil using a digital camera. The experiment according to the complete randomized Design (RCBD) in three replicates was carried out. Addition of two levels of nitrogen (0, 120) kg N ha- 1 N0, N1 as Urea (46% N) were included. Magnesium was added at four levels (0,20,40,80) kg Mg ha-1 (Mg0, Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3) as magnesium sulfate. The experimental units were 2 × 4 × 3 = 24 experimental units. Nikon digital camera was used to acquire digital images and then digital processing was performed using the ERDAS program and calculation of RGB system color values. Some of the spectral indices (G, R%, CC, DGCI, HSI, B, and ChNRGB) were studied and their relation to growth and yield characteristics (number of Ears, Hay, Plant Height, Weight) as well as Chlorophyll content. The results showed a significant increase in all spectral indices with increasing the level of addition of both types of fertilizer. there’s a positive and negative correlation was found at the probability level (0.05) between the spectral indices and relation with of growth properties and yield.
Evaluation of Darbandikhan Reservoir Water Quality for Irrigation Purposes Using (IWQG) Software
Authors: Sarhat Abdulmutalib Raafat , Al-Obaidi Basim Shakir
Published: August 2022

It is very important to evaluate the statues of water bodies to develop a strategic plan of water management. Most of the water resources around the world are at risk and suffering with water shortage (quantities) and quality as a result of anthropogenic activities and climate change phenomena, which has adversely influenced the water quality. The quality of water in Darbandikhan Reservoir was evaluated for irrigation uses by physio-chemical parameters and implanting the (IWQG) index. Water quality index (IWQG) is a unique tool that has been recently developed in order to assess the Iraqi water resources. It helps to evaluate the overall water quality situation and its results are very helpful to choose appropriate management techniques. The outcomes of the present study revealed that the values of (IWQG) are ranged between (54.81) to (56.67) and most of the stations fall under (Moderate Restriction) category, which means that the quality of water in the reservoir is suitable for irrigation especially for light texture soil. This indicates that there is a requirement to implement a strategic plan with long term management in order to save Darbandikhan reservoir’s water quality as one of the most important local water resource.
Environmental Pollution Caused by Heavy Metals and Radioactivity in Two Governorates in Iraq
Authors: Almayahi Basim A. , Aljobory Adnan , Ameen Sajjad Ali
Published: August 2022

This study focused on knowing the levels of pollution caused by heavy metals (iron, lead) and gamma rays in the governorates of Maysan and Basra. The highest value of gamma rays was in Maysan governorate, there is a rise in these rates, according to the comparison conducted with international research, but these values do not represent a significant danger. The samples in this study are normal and free of pollution. It was found that the highest value of gamma rays in Maysan is 0.7 μSv/h at S5 and S9. The lowest value was 0.11 μSv/h in S3. As for the heavy elements, the highest value of iron was found at 0.2811 mg/l in Karama village (S2), and the lowest value was 0.2203 mg/l in S3 and the highest value for lead was 0.2632 mg/l in Kameet and the lowest value was 0.0033 In the village of Al-Huda, the highest value of gamma rays was observed at 0.8 uSv/h in S6 and S7, and the lowest value was 0.11 μSv/h in S2. The highest value for iron Fe was 0.3452 mg/l at the site S4 Al-Burjisiya Road 17, and the lowest value was 0.2232/ml for S9 Safwan Street, while pb had the highest value of 0.2817 mg/L in S7 of Zubair farms, and the lowest value was 0.0319 mm/L in S9 of Safwan Street.
Effect of Adding Bio-Fertilizer and Spraying Nano - and Chelated Iron Fertilizer on the Nutrient Content of Orange Seedling Leaves
Authors: Obaid Al-Shahbani Ismail Razak , Abu Al-Mikh Al-Mamouri Muhammad Tarkhan
Published: August 2022

The study was carried out in the certified citrus propagation nursery of the Horticultural and Forestry Company in Al-Hindiya District / Holy Karbala Governorate during the period 20/4/ up to 20/8/2021, in order to study the effect of adding bio-fertilizer and spraying nano and chelated iron fertilizers on the content of orange seedlings leaves of the elements food. The experiment included three factors, the first biological fertilizing factor, adding ground at four levels, which are (the comparison treatment, azotobacter, mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal fungi + azotobacter). It is the spraying of chelated iron in three levels (zero, 3, and 6 g / liter). A factorial experiment was carried out with a Randomized Complete Block Design, and the averages of traits were compared with the L.S.D. test at the 5% probability level. The results indicated: The biofertilization treatment (Mycorrhizal fungus+ Azotobacter bacteria). And the spraying treatment with nano iron fertilizer (3 g. L-1) was significantly superior in the content of orange seedlings leaves of nutrients (Zn,Fe,K,P,N) and the spraying treatment was The chelated iron fertilizer (6g.l-1) showed the same behavior and showed significant differences in the content of nutrients in the leaves. It gave the highest concentrations of the studied elements. The dual interactions between the study factors gave significant differences in the school characteristics, as it gave the treatment (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spraying of nano iron (3 g. L-1), and biological fertilization (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spraying of chelated iron (6 g. L-1), And (nano iron spray (3 g.l-1) + chelated iron spray (6g.l-1) the highest values are superior to the rest of the treatments and reached (2.58%, 0.68%, 2.81%, 300.79 mg. kg-1. dry weight, 42.80 mg. kg-1.d.w.) (2.55%, 0.64%, 2.97%, 297.79 mg. kg-1. d.w., 42.19 mg. kg-1. d.w.) (2.49%, 0.62%, 2.74%, 256.17 mg kg-1 dry weight, 39.66 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively, gave the triple interaction treatment (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spray of nano iron (3 g. L-1) + spray of chelated iron (6 g). L-1) was significantly superior in leaf content of the studied elements, and it reached (2.77%, 0.75%, 3.20%, 309.17 mg. kg-1. dry weight, 49.40 mg. kg-1. dry weight), respectively.
Effect of Pseudomonas putida, Compost, and Humus on the Growth and Yield of Tomato
Authors: Abdul Ali Haitham Mohsen , Kadhm Kamal Jawad Abdul
Published: August 2022

This study was designed to investigate the growth and yield of protected tomatoes under the influence of biofertilizers, compost, and Humus. Two levels of bacterial fertilizer (S0 and S1), three levels of compost (C0, C1, andC2) t/ha-1, and three levels of Humus (H0, H1, and H2) kg/t. The traits of plant height, chlorophyll, vitamin C, and total yield were measured. The experiment was applied according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results present the efficacy of the treatment (S1 + C2 + H2) compared to the control treatment by resulting in the highest average of the studied traits: plant height, chlorophyll, vitamin C, total yield 109.50 cm/plant-1, 66.25 mg/100g-1 fresh weight, 29.23 mg/100ml-1*juice, 8.90 t/ha-1, respectively
Effect of Rhizobium Leguminosarum Inoculum, Rice Hulls, and Urea Fertilizer on the Availability of Phosphorous and Potassium for the Growth and Yield of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Hussein Saja Nadhim , Kadhim Kamal Jawad Abdul
Published: August 2022

Aiming to investigate the effect of Rhizobium Leguminosarum inoculum, rice hulls, and urea fertilizer on the availability of phosphorous and potassium regarding the growth and yield traits of broad bean plant (Vicia faba L.), a field trial was carried out during the autumn agricultural season 2021 in Al-Daghara district, 17 km north of the center of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate-Iraq. Two levels of Rhizobium Leguminosarum (R0) the control, and (R1) bacterial inoculation, three levels of organic fertilizer (rice hulls) S0, S3, and S5 t/ha-1, and three levels of urea fertilizer (U0, U50, and U75) kg/ha-1 and their overlap, were used and studied. The results of the interaction treatment (bacterial inoculum + rice hulls (5 t/ha-1) + urea fertilizer (75 t/ha-1)) yielded the highest significant increase in the traits of root-knot number, root-knot weight, potassium concentration, phosphorous concentration) compared to the control, 23,851 knots/ plant, 0.550 / 122.6 kg.soil-1 and 23.812 kg/soil-1, respectively.
The Use of Modern Irrigation Methods with Different Depletion Levels and Its Impact on the Physical Traits of Soil
Authors: Oudah Bayadir Merza , Abed Al-Kellabi Hussein Gatheeth
Published: August 2022

The study was conducted in one of the fields of Babylon province, Hilla District - Al-Wardiya area, with clay loam soil, during the autumn season of 2021 with the aim of studying the effect of using modern irrigation methods with different levels of depletion and its effect on the physical properties of the soil. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)was used according to the arrangement of the split plots and three replicates, The main plots included the treatment of depletion levels and the sub plots of irrigation systems, and the treatments were distributed on the experimental plots in a random manner. The irrigation systems included three levels of Sub-surface Drip Irrigation - surface drip irrigation - surface irrigation in furrows, and the levels of depletion for each treatment were 20%, 40% and 60%.The highest bulk density was obtained at subsurface drip irrigation plants at a drain level of 60%, and the lowest value when subsurface drip irrigation at a level of 20%. There was no significant difference between the treatments and levels studied in the experiment. The results of the statistical analysis also showed that there were no significant differences between the values of the total porosity of the studied treatments and there was no significant effect on the bi-interaction between the experimental treatments and mean weight diameter, where it reached the highest value for surface irrigation and the lowest value for subsurface drip irrigation. There was a significant effect in the values of saturated water conductivity between the experimental treatments at different levels, and it reached the highest value at I1M2.
The Role of Fertilization with Nano-Zinc Oxide on the Growth and Yield of Wheat in Calcareous Desert Soil
Authors: Alenzy Ahmed F. M. , Al-Hadethi Akram A. H.
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the source and level of addition of nano-zinc oxide on the growth and yield of IPA-99 wheat cultivar grown in desert soil conditions and compare it with regular zinc fertilizers. Fertilizers were sprayed on the soil, the nano-fertilizers included three sources of zinc, nano-metallic zinc oxide (ZnnO), zinc-chelated nano-fertilizer ZnnDTPA, and nano-zinc humate (ZnnHA). The nano-fertilizers were added at levels of 1 and 2 kg ha-1. Whereas the regular zinc fertilizers, ZnO, ZnDTPA, and ZnHA, were added at a level of 4 and 8 kg ha-1 in addition to the control treatment without addition. After harvest, the grain yield, straw yield, and the concentration of zinc, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in the wheat grain were estimated. The results showed that zinc nano fertilizers had a significant effect in increasing the studied plant traits compared to the control treatment, Zinc humate nano fertilizer gave the highest increase in all studied plant traits among the nano-fertilizers, as it achieved an increase in grain yield, straw yield, zinc, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentrations in grains by 45.36%, 57.01%, 409.43%, 42.36%, 98.20%, and 38.56 % respectively over the control treatment. The zinc nano-fertilizers had a significant effect on increasing the yield of grains and the concentration of nitrogen and potassium in the grains compared to the regular zinc fertilizers. While the results showed there was no significant difference in straw yield and the concentration of zinc and phosphorous in the grains between nano and normal zinc fertilizer.
Impact of Nano and Non-Nano Iron on Growth and Nutritional Content of Mung Bean Vigna Radiata L.
Authors: Hussein Haifaa Abass
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was carried out in clay loam soil during the autumn growing season of 2019 in the one of fields of the College of Agriculture /University of Al-Qadisiyah, to study the effect of three concentrations of Nano and non-nano chelated Iron individually or interacted on mung bean plant growth and content of minerals. The results showed a significant increase in most of the studied traits, with an increase in the concentration or level of nano-iron and non –nano-iron. Findings showed that the best results were obtained from the interaction treatments spatially at high concentration levels. However, it was noticed that the use of nanoiron at higher concentration substantially increased the values of all the studied traits and plant growth under study compared to non-nano-iron.
Response Wheat to Spray Some of Synthetic Nano Fertilizers
Authors: Al-Juthery Hayyawi W. A. , Yousif Sana Abd-Aljabar , Lahmod Nabil. R. , Alhasan Ali Sabah , Tiamooz Sulaf. H. , Musa Radhi F.
Published: August 2022

The National Program of Wheat Development in Iraq (NPWD) performed a field experiment at the Al-Shafeieyah Wheat Research Station to determine the impact of sprayed nano-specific, nano-complete micronutrients, and nano-manganese on the agronomic traits and yield of wheat (cv. Baghdad 3). The experiment involved spray application of eight treatments with nano-specific (NSF), nano-complete micro (NCM), and nano-manganese fertilizers (NMnF), as well as di (NSF+NCM), (NSF +NMF), (NCM + NMnF), and tri (NSF+NCM+NMF). Different agronomic traits, as well as yield (quality and quantity) characteristics, were measured. As a result of the statistical study, the following conclusions were drawn: LSD0.05 was sprayed with NMnF, NCM, and NSF, followed by spraying with a combination of di (NMnF+NCM), (NMnF+NSF), (NCM+NNSF), and tri (NMnF+NCM+NSF), treatments in all agronomic traits and yield of wheat, with an increment of 94.92cm, 14.00cm, 66.00 SPAD, (2.20, 0.60, and 1.87) percent, (141.90, 44.82, 37.22, and 94.55) µg g-1 for plant height, spike length, total chlorophyll, and N,P,K, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations in grain, respectively, in comparison to the control treatment. The same treatment was considerably better in biological yield, grain yield, protein yield, and harvest index, with 14.792 Meg ha-1, 7.100 Meg ha-1, 890.34 kg ha-1, and 40.00 percent, respectively, as compared to control, bilateral combinations, and mono spray. The greatest agronomic efficacy was obtained when foliar spraying tri combination treatments and dual nano-mixed fertilizers of (NCM + NSF) (1850.00 and 2111.11) kg kg-1, respectively.
Environmental Effects of Investigation of Paracetamol Remains in the Sewage Discharge in Tigris River at Mosul City
Authors: Edrees Sara Bassam , Al-Hammadi Noor , Al-Samman Sufyan , Albanna Ayman
Published: August 2022

The existences of paracetamol residue in the aqueous environment are strong belief consequences that a negative effect is a real against for all creation surrounding. Wastewater effluents into the Tigris River at Mosul city, Iraq, are often real problem, in particular, which have contained of many pharmaceutical traces. However, the aim of this study was to quantify and qualify the paracetamol based on serological test. Twenty four locations were chosen precisely from wastewater effluent zone of town which goes directly into the River. All samples were estimated according to Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay technique. The study planned that have collected samples for the same area for three different times, to focus on the probability investigation different paracetamol levels concentrations. The Results referred that there were simple proportional variations in the concentration of paracetamol in spite of the samples have collected three different times at the same area. It was observed that the concentration of paracetamol at the right bank of Mosul city were high levels ranging from 6 to 9.9 ng /ml for all areas. In contrast, there is a significant fluctuations results starting between 3 to 9.9 ng/ ml of the paracetamol levels for samples at left bank areas. Overall, it is possible to indicate that for all wastwater effluent samples for this study have contaminated with paracetamol traces, which unfortuntly effect directly into the public health envirment of city and human being as well.
Effect of Spraying with Normal and Nano Iron on the Growth and Flowering of Petunia Plant Petunia hybrid L.
Authors: Al-Dulaimy Ahmed F. Z. , Abbood Ashwak A. , Alian Ahmed T.
Published: August 2022

The research was carried out in lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping - College of Agriculture / University of Anbar during two growing season 2021-2022, in order to study the effect of spraying with normal and nano iron on the growth and flowering of petunias. Normal iron was used in concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1), which was represented by (F0, F1 and F2) respectively, while nano iron was sprayed with concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mg L-1) and it was represented by (NF0, NF1 and NF2) respectively. A randomized complete block design was used to conduct a factorial experimental (RCBD). The results showed that spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L-1) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch-1, 891.73 cm2 plant-1, 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g-1, 191.20 flower plant-1, 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively. While the spraying with normal iron was not significantly affect carbohydrate content of the leaves. Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L-1) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches-1, 854.43 cm2 plant-1, 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g-1, 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant-1, 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively. While the flower diameter was not significantly affected when spraying with nano iron. On the other hand, the interaction between two study factors showed a significant effect for all the studied traits except for the carbohydrate content of the leaves.
Effect of Spraying Some Bio-and Nano-Stimulants Fortified with Potassium on the Growth and Yield of Rice
Authors: Al–Badiri Zainab KataaAbd , Al-Juthery Hayyawi WewaAttia
Published: August 2022

The aim of evaluating the response of rice plant (Anber 33 cultivar) to foliar spraying with single bio- and nano-stimulants with potassium-fortified, A field study was conducted in Al-Tale’a district (41 - Al-Hussainiya) / Babylon province / Iraq. for the period from 15/6/2021 to 23/11/2021.The experiment was implemented according to the Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), with three replications (48 experimental units) and the experiment included 16 treatments that were randomly distributed to each replicate according to a simple one-way experiment where (7) bioandnano- stimulants were sprayed, represented by Atonikt, Fertigrain, Siaption, Cimfamin BK, Taravertavant, Nano-Optimus plus, and bread yeast (Saccharmyces cerevisiae) individually and fortified with potassium (Tarafol K2O 52%), in addition to the control treatment, spraying with water only, with two sprays for each treatment between one spray and another (14) days. Duncan’s test results showed that foliar spraying with Atonikbiostimulator supplemented with potassium (At+K) scored the highest averages of chlorophyll index (38.87) SPAD, plant height (119.7 cm) and grain yield (3.29) Meg ha-1.Also, foliar spraying with the biostimulantTaravertavant and potassium (Tar + K) achieved the highest significant averages for most of the important traits of the plant, including the biological yield (14.97) Meg ha-1, grain yield (4.31) Meg ha-1, and the weight of 1000 grains (21.23) g. compared with the control treatment, the chlorophyll index was (35.50) SPAD, the plant height was (100.7) cm, the biological yield was (11.13) Meg ha-1, and the grain yield was (3.11) Meg ha-1, the weight of 1000 grains (18.67) g respectively, and the highest agronomic efficiency was achieved when the treatment The dual spraying of potassium-fortified Nano-Optimus plus (Nop+K) was ingested (293.9 kg kg-1).
Study of The Bacteriological Indicators of Water River Pollution in Kufa and Hilla Cityes
Authors: AL-Saeedy Fatima Al-Zahraa K. , Alhadrawi Hazim Aziz
Published: August 2022

The presence of pathogenic intestinal bacteria in water may have an impact on human health. coli bacteria, and Escherichia coli are commonly used as indicators of water quality. However, the presence of the above symptoms does not always indicate the presence of human enteroviruses. It is critical to understand human enteroviruses in water. Human enteroviruses may withstand changing environmental conditions and persist in during extended periods of time in the environment, becoming the cause of diarrheal diseases. As a result, human pathogenic viruses are increasingly likely to emerge as important warning indicators of water scarcity. Human adenoviruses and other viruses have been recommended as potential indicators for high-quality detection of human-origin organisms that contaminate water systems. The study included measuring the water pollution of the Euphrates River in the cities of Hilla and Kufa by taking water samples in different seasons and locations to determine the extent of pollution, as well as determining the most likely number of fecal coliform bacteria through a series of tests where the highest result was for the total number of aerobic bacteria for the Hilla samples for the site The third was in October, which reached (194C/ml), as well as the Kufa samples in October reached the highest percentage in the third site, which amounted to about (114 C/ml). As for fecal coliform bacteria in Hilla samples, the highest percentage was in October in the third site (450 °C / 100 ml), while in Kufa samples, the highest percentage was in the third site in December (210 °C / 100 ml). Take a sample of water and plant it in a different medium. Bacteria were grown in Petri dishes and cultured on MacConkey agar medium to see the fermented colonies showing that a large proportion of the colonies ferment due to lactose fermentation. Water samples were also grown on Eosin-methylene Blue Agar, a medium used to differentiate between lactose-free fermented bacteria and non-lactose-fermenting bacteria. and is only interested in Gram-negative Lactobacilli that digest lactose: Non-lactose-fermenting bacteria such as Salmonella and Shigella appear as clear, colorless colonies. When E. coli bacteria colonies were detected and medications were tested, a high level of resistance to these treatments was revealed, highlighting the need of cleaning this water since it would have a significant impact on human health.
Evaluation of Si Fertilization and Spraying of Nano-K and Ca on Si Content, Si Uptake, and Si Use Efficiency of Rice
Authors: Al-Shahmani Ahmed M. K. , Al-Juthery Hayyawi W. A.
Published: August 2022

A study was carried out in Al-Tale’a town (District of 41-Al-Husseiniyah, south of Hilla City) in the Babylon Governorate of Iraq from the 15th of June to the 19th of November 2020 to evaluate the effects of Si fertilization and Nano-K and Nano-Ca spraying on the content and uptake of Si and its use efficiency in rice crops. This experiment was conducted in an effort to determine the This experiment was conducted between the 15th and 19th of June, 2020. (Oryza sativa L.). The research was done using a split-plot design, and the parameter distribution was carried out using a randomized full blocks approach (RCBD). The supplied amounts of Si fertilizer served as the major plot, while the concentrations of nano-fertilizer concentrations served as the secondary plot. There were a total of sixteen treatments, and each was replicated three times. The analysis and interpretation of the research’s results were conducted using statistical tools. The amount of silica fertilizer was the first variable with four levels: 0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, and 300 kg ha-1. The second component was the application of nano-fertilizers, which contained four separate treatment options: the control, nano-potassium, nano-calcium, and nano-(K + Ca). The only treatment option that did not include nano-fertilizers was the control. According to the findings, silica fertilization at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 led to the highest silicon content in grain and straw (0.961 and 0.952)%, as well as the maximum Si-uptake in grain and straw (55.363, 122.337 and 177.700) kg Si ha-1. The use of nano foliar spraying with potassium and calcium produced the highest grain silicon concentration (44.540) kg Si ha-1 and total silicon content among all treatments (153.339) kg Si ha-1. Strong interaction between Si fertilization and foliar spraying with nano-K and Ca led in the largest mean of total Si-uptake (179.268) kg Si ha-1 and silicon utilization efficiency. This was accomplished by a mixture of silica fertilizer and nano-potassium and calcium foliar sprays. This outcome was achieved by using silica fertilizer in combination with nano-potassium and calcium-containing foliar sprays (66.95)%.
Nano-Fertilizers as a Novel Technique for Maximum Yield in Wheat Biofortification (Article Review)
Authors: Al-Juthery Hayyawi W. A. , Lahmoud Nabil. R. , Alhasan Ali. S. , Al-Jassani Nisreen.A.A. , Houria Adem
Published: August 2022

The major issues influencing human health in developing countries is the nutrient deficiency in different field crops. Several problems with the low efficiency of using the traditional chemical fertilizers by plants, despite there are more development in agricultural cultivation. Therefore, biofortification with nano-fertilizers and nano-biostimulants have been proposed as potential ways to enrich diets with nutrients. Organic fertilizers confront the issue of extending the duration of nutrient release and decreasing mineral content; however, inorganic fertilizers suffer from volatilization and loss of leaching. Nanotechnology’s application in agriculture has enormous promise to address these issues. The use of nanoparticles in biofortification of wheat is gaining traction due to their capacity to provide the optimal amount of fertilizer at the optimal time, hence reducing environmental concerns, facilitating nutrient uptake and absorption, and increasing grain production and profitability. Wheat is a major field crop that can solve with applying nano-biofortification the problem of malnutrition and nutrient deficiencies in humans. Although numerous research experiments on nano-bio-fortification of wheat plants have been conducted, this review article summarizes the benefits and results of nano-bio-fortification for grain maximization through a comprehensive review of nanomaterials and fertilizers and their effective role in bio-fortification and grain yield maximization. Moreover, current trends in the usage of many nanotechnology-based biofortification methods for wheat production were highlighted. Several methods for wheat improvement, including macro and micronutrient supply, are reviewed in more details. Understanding several features of the safe use of nanoparticles and their future prospects may assist in their effective use in terms of economics and nutritional needs after the usage of nano-fertilizers and nano-biostimulants in biofortification and wheat grain yield maximization.
The Nano Silver Molecules Enhancing the Trinitrotoluene Phytoremediation Using Potato Crop
Authors: Ismail M. H. , Hamad R. M. , Shartooh S. M.
Published: August 2022

Phytoremediation represents a great technique that uses green plants in the partial analysis of explosive compounds existing in soil via a variety of biochemical properties in plants to help manipulate contamination. The study was done to determine the effect of using nanosilver molecules and toluene concentrations for botanic manipulation and how to influence physiological growth characters of potato. A field experiment was done in the woody roof shade of Gardening and Farming Dept., Agriculture College, University of Anbar for the spring season 2021 on potato crop, and the study included the botanic manipulation review in different levels of trinitrotoluene and different concentrations of nanosilver molecules on some physiological properties, using simple experiments (mixes of TNT and nanosilver molecules) within the randomized complete block design in three replications as 30 experimental units. results revealed that 500 mg TNT kg-1soil + 500 mg NPs kg-1dominated in total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentage in averages 1.92%, 0.58%, 1.85% successively, compared with the control treatment which was noticed in in chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll estimation, that successively scored (45.76, 27.13, 87.50 mg/100g) to the scores of control treatment (35.70, 20.83, 71.50 mg/100g). from the study, we conclude that the treatment at level (500*500 TNT-NPS) has a positive effect on physiological properties of the studied potato.
Effect of Chemical and Nanoic Fertilizations N, Ca and B on the Quantitative, Qualitative and Yield Characteristics of Peppers Grown Under Greenhouses Conditions
Authors: Hussein Luma B. , Alwan Othman K.
Published: August 2022

Experiment was carried out at research station, Horticulture & Landscaping Department, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq, during spring season 2019. The Objective was to study the effect of chemical and nanoic-fertilization of Nitrogen, Calcium and Boron on the quantitative, qualitative and yield characteristics of the sweet pepper (Capsicam annum L.). Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) used where nitrogen was three levels, T1 ( 2 ml / liter of normal nitrogen) and A2 (1 ml / liter of nanoic nitrogen) and A3 (control treatment is sprayed with water only), and the second factor also has three levels of Boron B1 (1 g / liter calcium with normal boron) and B2 (1 ml / liter calcium with nanoic boron ) And B3 (control treatment sprayed with water only) and the plants were sprayed with four times within Each treatment, so the following results obtained: treatment A1 resulted in highest protein percentage (7.02). Treatment A2 resulted in highest rate of fruit weight, plant yield rate, and average yield per house were (70.00, 2.79 and 3347) respectively. Treatment B1 resulted in a significant increase in the ratio of nitrogen and protein compared to control treatment, where reached (1.12 and 7.02), respectively, treatment B2 resulted in a significant increase in the fruit weight ratio and percentage of nitrogen and protein in the fruit reached (68.22, 1.10 and 6.85), respectively.
Effect of Foliar Fertilization with Zinc and Plant Density on Some Characteristics of Vegetative Growth and Yield of Two Cultivars of Faba Bean Vicia faba L.
Authors: Abd Al-Shammari Aziz Mahdi , Jaburi Saja Basheer
Published: August 2022

A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with the split-split-plot arrangement with three replications during the season of 2020-2021 at the Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Diyala to study the effect of three factors are the cultivar (Aguadulce and Histal), the plant density (55555 plants. h-1 and 111111 plants. h-1), and the foliar spraying with a zinc fertilizer (0.5,1 and 1.5 g..l-1) on the vegetative growth of the faba bean. The results showed that Aguadulce cultivar was superior in plant height (152.80 cm) and Histal cultivar was distinguished in pod length (21.87 cm), while there were no significant differences between cultivars in the stems number, pods number, total yield and number of seeds per pod. The grown plants on low density (55555 plants. h-1) was superior in the stems number (14.20 stems. plant -1), the pods number (29.23 pods. plant -1), the pods length (21.74 cm) and the seeds number per pod (5,191 seeds. pod-1), while the grown plants on the high density (111111 plants. ha-1) was superior in plant height (147.10 cm) and the total yield (107.63 tons.ha-1).The fertilized plants at a concentration of 1.5 g. l-1 was significantly superior in the plant height (152.80 cm), stems number (14.40 seed. pod-1), number of pods per plant (34.52 seed. pod-1), number of seeds per pod (6.20 seed. pod-1) and pod length. (22.84 cm) and the green yield (144.17 tons. h-1).As for the triple interaction, the plants of Histal cultivar that planted on low density and treated with a concentration of 1.5 g. l-1 of zinc fertilizer was superior in the number of stems, number of pods, length of pod and number of seeds per pod, while the plants of the same cultivar that planted on high density and fertilized at a concentration of 1.5 g. l-1 was superior in plant length and the total yield.
Effect of Spraying with Organics NADA LAND and GROMAX on Some Plant Growth Characteristics of Radish Raphanus sativus L.
Authors: Th Al-Khuzae Zainab H
Published: August 2022

The study was conducted in Harmoush farms located on the Najaf - Karbala road during the 2021-2022 growing season, to determine the effect of spraying with liquid organic fertilizer NADA LAND and organic solution GROMAX on some vegetative and root growth characteristics of radish plants. The experiment was a factorial with two factors, the first included three concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer (0, 3, 6) ml. Liter-1 and the second was three concentrations of the organic solution (0, 2, 4) ml. L-1 according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D). The results showed that spraying with either of the two fertilizers and their interaction had a significant effect on the characteristics of vegetative and root growth. The interaction treatment (6 ml. L-1) NADA LAND and (4 ml. L-1) GROMAX led to the highest rate for all the traits under study included plant height, number of leaves, shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content, root diameter, root fresh and dry weight, with a significant difference from the control treatment and most of the single treatments.
Study of the Productivity Response to Adding Different Levels of Chenopodium quinoa Seed Powder to the Ration and Vitamin C to the Drinking Water of Broilers
Authors: Abdulhadi Evan Najah , Ali Nihad Abdul-Lateef
Published: August 2022

This experiment was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production College of Agriculture Al-Qasim Green University for” the period 1/10 /2021 to 4/11/2021 The study aimed to add different levels of Chenopodium quinoa seed “powder to the diet and vitamin C to the drinking water to know the best levels of quinoa seed powder to the diet that can be used in poultry diets. In the experiment 225 unsexed broiler chicks Ross 308 were used distributed randomly to 15 cages with 5 experimental treatments for “each treatment” of “45 birds and each treatment included three replicates for each replicate of 15 birds. The experimental treatments were as follows The first treatment” the “control treatment” basic diet free of any addition whether in feed or drinking water. The second treatment add 12 g of quinoa seeds/kg of feed the third treatment add 14 g of quinoa seeds/kg of feed the fourth treatment add 16 g of quinoa seeds/kg of feed the fifth treatment add 300 “mg of vitamin C/L of drinking water. The most important results “of the” study can be summarized which is a significantly improvement (“P≤0.09”) for the third fourth and fifth” treatments in “the” average live body weight “in the fifth week and the total weight” gain “compared” to “the first treatment. As for feed consumption “there were no significant differences between all treatments while the third fourth and fifth treatments recorded the best cumulative food conversion ratio with a significant difference (P≤0.09) compared to the first treatment” and no deaths were recorded among birds during the experiment period
Reinforcement of Low-Protein Diets with some Essential Amino Acids and Their Effect on the Characteristics of a Carcass and some Blood Characteristics of Broilers
Authors: Abdullah Bahaa Jalal , Albaddy Maad A.K.
Published: August 2022

The experiment was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University for the period from 18-25/10/2021, as the purpose of it was to strengthen low-protein diets with some essential amino acids (AA) and their effect on productive performance and some physiological characteristics of broilers. In this experiment, (300) ROSS 308 birds were bred with an average initial weight of 39.7 g. The birds were divided into five treatments, each treatment consisted of three replicates and was distributed in cages (20 birds per cage), the treatments were randomly distributed, (T1) the first treatment was treated The comparison contains protein according to the ROSS guide 308, and (T2) the second treatment in which the protein was reduced by 5% and fortified with essential AA (lysine, methionine, and threonine), and (T3) the third treatment in which the protein was reduced by 10% and was fortified with AA (Lysine, methionine, and threonine), and (T4) the fourth treatment, in which the protein was reduced by 15% and fortified with AA (Lysine, methionine, and threonine), and (T5) the fifth treatment, which reduced the protein by 20% less than the recommendations of the NRC ( 1994) and fortified with AA (lysine, methionine, and threonine). The results of this experiment showed that there were no significant differences between the experimental treatments in the clearance ratio for both males and females, while there were significant differences at a significant level (P<0.05) in both the first treatment and the fifth treatment in the characteristic of the relative weight of the liver for males higher than The rest of experimentalist treatments, whereas the 4th and 5th treatments were higher levels than the rest of experimentalist treatments in the characteristic of the relative weight of the heart of males, while there were no significant differences in each of (gizzard, spleen and belly fat) for male broilers, while the fourth treatment (T4) outperformed the third treatment. In the characteristic of the relative weight of the gizzard in female broilers, the significance of the fourth treatment and the rest of the experiment treated not differ in the same characteristic, while there were no significant differences at a significant level (P<0.05) in (liver, heart, spleen, and belly fat) in the Female broilers. As for the biochemical characteristics of male and female broilers, additionality treatments were superior in some of them, and there were no statistically significant differences in some others