bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Henri Queuille et les vétérinaires
Authors: Fleckinger Robert
Published: February 2018

Le centenaire de la naissance de Henri Queuille, homme d'Etat français, qui fut 11 fois Ministre de l'Agriculture de 1920 à 1940, a donné lieu à un colloque historique au Sénat. La contribution de Henri Queuille, Ministre de l'Agriculture, à la réalisation des grandes réformes de la profession et des Services Vétérinaires, a été évoquée. Elle mérite d'être précisée.

En 1920, la profession vétérinaire ne jouissait pas d'un niveau de considération élevé dans la hiérarchie sociale. Elle rencontrait de sérieuses difficultés de recrutement, se heurtait à la concurrence d’un empirisme profondément installé, subissait le grave préjudice de l'inefficacité des mesures de police qu’en application de la loi sanitaire, elle devait faire appliquer contre les épizooties de fièvre aphteuse et la tuberculose bovine.

Des projets de réforme furent élaborés par Emmanuel Leclainche, vétérinaire prestigieux de réputation mondiale. Ces réformes portaient sur l'amélioration du niveau scientifique de l'enseignement vétérinaire, la structuration de la profession, l'exercice de la médecine vétérinaire, la protection du diplôme, l’organisation des Services Vétérinaires sur de solides bases départementales et centrales, la substitution d'une prophylaxie offensive ou, tout au moins mixte, à la prophylaxie purement défensive, l'organisation généralisée du contrôle de la salubrité des viandes et autres denrées d'origine animale, l'ouverture de la profession à une concertation vétérinaire mondiale.

Ces réformes ont pu être effectivement réalisées progressivement dans une continuité de vue remarquable, grâce à l'action des Ministres de l'Agriculture de l’époque et plus particulièrement de Henri Queuille. La profession, qui fait preuve d’un haut niveau scientifique de compétence, de responsabilité, d'efficacité dans l'exécution de ses missions, a accru, par les services rendus, son autorité, son prestige et a pris une place élevée et enviée dans la hiérarchie sociale.
Avec nos animaux familiers et à leur service : Expozoo 1985
Authors: Rousseau M.
Published: February 2018

With our pets. Service for them : Expozoo 1985

«Expozoo 85» was the 4th exhibition of the professionnals of pet’s industry and trade (Paris, the 20-22th of April 85).

Its success was international. Rare ans strange animals were presented. A large choice of products for their care, food, dwelling and entertainment could also be found.

These so various littel animals are captive, tamed or domesticated and idle. They are not to be mixed up with pests, or protected and other regulated species.

All set health problems and make people run a risk, especially for vets. It is advisable to create a research and teaching veterinarian Center to face this situation. Pets are also gaining ground in the moral, social, economic and philosophical areas.
La rage animale, de Pasteur à nos jours : évolution de son épidémiologie et de sa prophylaxie
Authors: Blancou Jean
Published: February 2018

Animal rabies, from Pasteur to nowadays developments of epidemiology and control.

Rabies epidemiology has continuously progressed since and after Pasteur. In particular, the dog, generally the sole vector and reservoir of the virus, has for some decades shifted this «responsability» on to some wild species (foxes, bats, skunks, raccoons, jackals). This «adaptation - disadaptation» phenomenon may entail a co-existence (and mutual exclusion ?) of several epidemiological types.

At the same time, Rabies control has also developed. Originally conceived from a mere sanitary point of view, it now tends to go back to the medical conception of general vaccination of domestic (by the parenteral route) or wild (by the oral route) species.
Malformations of the Posterior Fossa
Authors: Capuano Pasquale , Sciarrone Andrea , Di Cagno Luca , Cialdella Mariangela
Published: February 2018

Malformations of the posterior fossa include multiple entities which have been described in the recent years using different terminologies, thus causing some confusion in the literature about this topic.

They can be divided into two main categories: Cystic and noncystic. The cystic group includes Dandy—Walker malformation (DWM), vermian hypoplasia (VH), Blake's pouch cyst (BPC), mega cisterna magna (MCM), arachnoid cysts (ACs). The noncystic group includes cerebellar hypoplasia, rhombencephalosynapsis, Chiari II malformation.

The correct prenatal diagnosis allows to make the proper prognosis which is extremely variable ranging from cases with normal outcome to cases with severe neurodevelopmental delay.

The aim of this review is to evaluate the feasibility of sonographic diagnosis of the posterior fossa abnormalities and to discuss their clinical consequences.

How to cite this article

D’Addario V, Di Cagno L, Capuano P, Cialdella M. Malformations of the Posterior Fossa. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):294-301.
Malformations of Cortical Development
Authors: D’Addario Vincenzo , Cialdella Mariangela , Capuano Pasquale
Published: February 2018

Cerebral cortical malformations are common causes of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy and include a wide range of antenatal neurogenesis disorders. Abnormal cell proliferation leads to microcephaly or megalencephaly, incomplete neuronal migration results in heterotopia and lissencephaly, neuronal overmigration manifests as cobblestone malformations, and anomalous postmigrational cortical organization is responsible for polymicrogyria (PMG) and schizencephaly. Although corticogenesis occurs early, these rare pathologies are associated with late onset during pregnancy, which does not allow their early prenatal recognition. This review aims to give an update of current knowledge of these insidious cerebral cortical disorders.

How to cite this article

Capuano P, Cialdella M, D’Addario V. Malformations of Cortical Development. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):308-313.
Assessment of Retention and Resistance Form of Tooth Preparations for All Ceramic Restorations using Digital Imaging Technique
Authors: Muruppel Alex M , Nair Dinesh , Thomas Joyce , Saratchandran Sudeep , Gladstone Sheeba , Rajeev Milen M
Published: February 2018

Aim

This in vitro study evaluated the resistance form of die preparations for all ceramic restorations and, thereby, explored the concept of effective taper and its correlation between the ideal in theory and actual in the clinical situation by analyzing the digital images of the die preparations.

Materials and methods

Scanned digital images of 114 die preparations for all ceramic restorations (n = 114) were collected from a dental laboratory. All the images were also analyzed digitally using Adobe Photoshop® software to analyze the degree of taper (angle of convergence) of each preparation and then applied the Zuckerman's circle, and the Lewis perpendicular methods were used to measure the resistance form.

Results

For the current study, the overall average degree of taper was found to be 20.9° (range, 2—80°), which is more than what is recommended by most previous studies and also sharply greater than the textbook ideal of 3 to 6°. Mean degree of taper for maxillary was 17.56° (anterior—10.50°, posterior—23.7°), and for mandibular teeth, it was 25.22° (anterior—15°, posterior—28.45°). Out of the 64 analyzed images of maxillary teeth, 61 presented resistance form, while 3 were without it. Out of the 50 mandibular teeth analyzed, 38 possessed resistance form, whereas 12 were without. All the anterior teeth showed resistance form irrespective of the arch.

Conclusion

The degree of taper showed a significant relationship with resistance and retention form, which was inversely proportional to each other. The recommended “degree of taper” is not always the clinically achievable as advocated in textbooks, as it is modified by various factors in the actual clinical situation.

Clinical significance

The study provides scientific background regarding the relationship between the degree of taper with resistance and retention form, and the relationship was found to be inversely proportional to each other. The recommended “degree of taper” is not always the clinically achievable as advocated in textbooks, and it is modified by various modifying or limiting factors in the actual clinical situation.

How to cite this article

Muruppel AM, Thomas J, Saratchandran S, Nair D, Gladstone S, Rajeev MM. Assessment of Retention and Resistance Form of Tooth Preparations for All Ceramic Restorations using Digital Imaging Technique. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):143-149.
Effectiveness of Different Bristle Designs of Toothbrushes and Periodontal Status among Fixed Orthodontic Patients: A Double-blind Crossover Design
Authors: Jalaluddin Md , Naik Sandhya P , Punathil Sameer , Shetty Praveena , Jayanti Ipsita , Avijeeta Anisha
Published: February 2018

Aim

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different bristle designs of toothbrushes and the periodontal status among patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Materials and methods

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) consisted of 45 adolescents (comprising 20 males and 25 females) undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. The study participants were randomly allocated to three groups, each group being assigned a locally available toothbrush with a particular design of toothbrush bristle. In the first test phase, group I study participants were allocated to toothbrush with flat bristles, group II study subjects were allocated to toothbrush with zigzag bristles, and group III study participants were allocated to toothbrush with crisscross bristles. The study participants were recalled after 4 weeks to check the effectiveness of the allocated toothbrushes. A washout period of 1 week was maintained to ensure that there was no carryover effect of the different bristle designs. In the second test phase, each patient used the opposite toothbrush bristle design (group I: toothbrush with zigzag bristles, group II: toothbrush with crisscross bristles, and group III: toothbrush with flat bristles). Plaque scores were measured using Turesky—Gilmore—Glickman modification of Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI).

Results

In both phase 1 and 2 of this RCT, toothbrush with crisscross bristles exhibited maximum plaque reduction among the three different bristle design toothbrushes following 30 days (p = 0.312 ± 0.102 and 0.280 ± 0.110, respectively), which was statistically significant.

Conclusion

It was concluded that all the three designs of toothbrushes were effective in removing plaque in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. But among the three different toothbrushes, toothbrush with crisscross bristles showed the highest mean plaque reduction.

Clinical significance

Plaque accumulation around the orthodontic brackets and gingival margins is quite common among the fixed orthodontic patients, who encounter difficulty in maintaining good oral hygiene. Specially designed toothbrushes are very essential for effective plaque removal among the patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

How to cite this article

Naik SP, Punathil S, Shetty P, Jayanti I, Jalaluddin M, Avijeeta A. Effectiveness of Different Bristle Designs of Toothbrushes and Periodontal Status among Fixed Orthodontic Patients: A Double-blind Crossover Design. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):150-155.
Estimation of Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-4 and 6 in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sahota Jasjit , Bakshi Dipanshu , Kaur Guneet , Singh Deepinder , Thakur Ambika , Grover Shekhar
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Both periodontitis and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common diseases with a multifactorial etiology and have influence of cytokines in their pathogenesis and thus may also influence each other. In recent times, more attention has been given to understanding the influences of these inflammatory cytokines which are a main part of oral chronic inflammation on systemic health of the individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma cytokine levels, specifically tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-4, in chronic periodontitis patients and T2DM patients, so as to investigate the influence of chronic periodontitis in systemic inflammation associated with diabetes mellitus.

Materials and methods

The present study comprised a total sample size of 60 patients. A detailed history along with complete periodontal examination were done for each person. These patients were subdivided into four study groups with 15 subjects (n = 15) in each group: group I: healthy individuals, group II: chronic periodontitis, group III: diabetes mellitus without chronic periodontitis, and group IV: diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis. Venous blood was withdrawn for obtaining serum samples from the subjects. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured from the automated chromatography. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-6 were measured.

Results

It was observed that the difference between almost all the results showed statistical significance. Not much of a difference was seen when TNF-α and IL-6 findings of group II were compared with group III. Furthermore, IL-4 also did not differ when group II was compared with group IV.

Conclusion

The inflammatory cytokines together control the inflammation process and a balance is maintained. However, in patients with diabetes mellitus, this balance is interrupted, which affects the final development and progression of the disease. Thus, hyperglycemia may be partly associated with the severity of the periodontal status in diabetic patients.

Clinical significance

Hyperglycemia thus may play a role in increasing the severity of the periodontal status in diabetic patients. Keeping such relationship in mind, better treatment modalities can be provided to the patients.

How to cite this article

Bakshi D, Kaur G, Singh D, Sahota J, Thakur A, Grover S. Estimation of Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-4 and 6 in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):166-169.
Influences of Light-emitting Diode Illumination Bleaching Technique on Nanohardness of Computer-aided Design and Computer-aided Manufacturing Ceramic Restorative Materials
Authors: Juntavee Apa , Juntavee Niwut , Saensutthawijit Phuwiwat
Published: February 2018

Aim

This study evaluated the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) illumination bleaching technique on the surface nanohardness of various computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials.

Materials and methods

Twenty disk-shaped samples (width, length, and thickness = 10, 15, and 2 mm) were prepared from each of the ceramic materials for CAD/CAM, including Lava™ Ultimate (LV), Vita Enamic® (En) IPS e.max® CAD (Me), inCoris® TZI (IC), and Prettau® zirconia (Pr). The samples from each type of ceramic were randomly divided into two groups based on the different bleaching techniques to be used on them, using 35% hydrogen peroxide with and without LED illumination. The ceramic disk samples were bleached according to the manufacturer's instruction. Surface hardness test was performed before and after bleaching using nanohardness tester with a Berkovich diamond indenter.

Results

The respective Vickers hardness number upon no bleaching and bleaching without or with LED illumination [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] for each type of ceramic were as follows: 102.52 ± 2.09, 101.04 ± 1.18, and 98.17 ± 1.15 for LV groups; 274.96 ± 5.41, 271.29 ± 5.94, and 268.20 ± 7.02 for En groups; 640.74 ± 31.02, 631.70 ± 22.38, and 582.32 ± 33.88 for Me groups; 1,442.09 ± 35.07, 1,431.32 ± 28.80, and 1,336.51 ± 34.03 for IC groups; and 1,383.82 ± 33.87, 1,343.51 ± 38.75, and 1,295.96 ± 31.29 for Pr groups. The results indicated surface hardness reduction following the bleaching procedure of varying degrees for different ceramic materials. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant reduction in surface hardness due to the effect of bleaching technique, ceramic material, and the interaction between bleaching technique and ceramic material (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Bleaching resulted in a diminution of the surface hardness of dental ceramic for CAD/CAM. Using 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent with LED illumination exhibited more reduction in surface hardness of dental ceramic than what was observed without LED illumination.

Clinical significance

Clinicians should consider protection of the existing restoration while bleaching.

How to cite this article

Juntavee N, Juntavee A, Saensutthawijit P. Influences of Light-emitting Diode Illumination Bleaching Technique on Nanohardness of Computer-aided Design and Computer-aided Manufacturing Ceramic Restorative Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):196-204.
Effect of Bleaching Mouthwash on Force Decay of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains
Authors: Behnaz Mohammad , Namvar Fatemeh , Sohrabi Setareh , Parishanian Mina
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Force decay elastomeric chains are significant, and it is a clinical problem.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bleaching agent in the mouthwash on the force decay of orthodontic chains.

Materials and methods

In this experimental study, 160 gray closed elastomeric chains were randomly divided into three groups (one control and two test groups). Four loops of chains were stretched for 25 mm on custom-made jig. Control group specimens were immersed in artificial saliva during the test period. Test group specimens were immersed twice a day for 30 seconds in the whitening (LISTERINE® HEALTHY WHITE™) and daily sodium fluoride (LISTERINE® TOTAL CARE ZERO) mouthwashes. All specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C. Force was measured at different time points (initial, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 days). Statistical analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni methods (α = 0.05).

Results

Force of elastomeric chains was decreased dramatically in all groups during the experiment. After 24 hours, force was decreased by 42.18, 48.34, and 53.38% in control group, daily, and bleaching mouthwash groups respectively. The corresponding numbers after 4 weeks were 66.30, 76.73, and 86.48. The difference between three groups at days 1 and 28 was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the current in vitro study, bleaching and sodium fluoride mouthwashes could cause force decay of orthodontic elastomeric chains. Whitening mouthwash is more weakening for elastomeric chains.

Clinical significance

Use of whitening mouthwash by orthodontic patients could decrease the force of elastomeric chains, so it could be recommended to use them for a short time.

How to cite this article

Behnaz M, Namvar F, Sohrabi S, Parishanian M. Effect of Bleaching Mouthwash on Force Decay of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):221-225.
Middle Mesial and Middle Distal Canals in Mandibular First Molar
Authors: Jabali Ahmad H
Published: February 2018

Background

Root canal anatomy is a complex entity. The main objective of root canal treatment is to get rid of the infection and have a good apical and coronal seal with an appropriate filling. Inability to achieve thorough cleaning and shaping followed by three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system usually causes root canal treatment failure. For this reason, clinicians should be aware of these anatomical variations to achieve successful treatment.

Aim

The aim of this article is to report on the successful treatment and follow-up of mandibular first molar with additional middle mesial (MM) and middle distal (MD) canals.

Case report

A 29-year-old white male patient reported with a complaint of pain in relation with tooth #19. On clinical examination, diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis and condensing osteitis was made and nonsurgical root canal treatment was planned. Initially, two mesial and two distal canals were located, and the patient was planned for the obturation in the second visit. The complaint of mild persistent symptoms gave a possibility of additional canals. Under the dental operating microscope and selective troughing on the floor of the pulp chamber with ultrasonic tips, additional canals were located as MM and MD canals.

Conclusion

Leaving some area of the root canal system untreated is found to be one of the main reasons for root canal treatment failure. Dentists should take advantage of new tools, such as dental operating microscope and ultrasonic tips to be able to locate and treat the hidden and unusual anatomy.

Clinical significance

Mandibular first molar with six canals is very rare to encounter. Clinician should have a thorough knowledge of these unusual anatomy to avoid treatment failure due to incomplete disinfection of the root canal system.

Keywords

Additional canals, Mandibular first molar, Middle distal, Middle mesial, Root canal morphology.

How to cite this article

Jabali AH. Middle Mesial and Middle Distal Canals in Mandibular First Molar. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):233-236.
Rare Case of Membranous Obstruction at the Origin of Left Pulmonary Artery: Role of Perioperative Echocardiography to Evaluate the Anatomy of Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Mandal Banashree , Bhat Imran H , Damodaran Srinath
Published: February 2018

Branch pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis may occur as an isolated finding or in conjunction with other cardiac malformations; it may be congenital or acquired postoperatively. Branch PAs need to be assessed individually to determine the adequacy of their size, whether they are confluent or nonconfluent, any stenosis at origin or distally, and severity of stenosis. Certain lesions, such as supravalvar pulmonary stenosis, or stenosis at the branch PAs bifurcation, are better dealt with at surgery. Thus, perioperative transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) assume a very important role in precisely evaluating the anatomy of main and branch PAs.

How to cite this article

Bhat IH, Damodaran S, Mandal B. Rare Case of Membranous Obstruction at the Origin of Left Pulmonary Artery: Role of Perioperative Echocardiography to Evaluate the Anatomy of Pulmonary Artery. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(2):74-76.
Comparison of regional meteorology-chemistry models with satellite
cloud products over Europe
Authors: Baró Rocío , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro , Stengel Martin , Brunner Dominik , Curci Gabriele , Forkel Renate , Neal Lucy , Palacios-Peña Laura , Savage Nicholas , Schaap Martijn , Tuccella Paolo , Denier van der Gon Hugo , Galmarini Stefano
Published: February 2018

Abstract. On-line coupled meteorology-chemistry models permit the description of the aerosol-radiation (ARI) and aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). The effect of atmospheric aerosols remains uncertain in climate modeling. One of the reasons is their variability in time and space, which could modify cloud microphysics and impact cloud radiative properties and climate. The aim of this work is to assess the representation of the ARI+ACI interactions in regional-scale coupled models when simulating the climate-chemistry-cloud-radiation system. The evaluated simulations are run under the umbrella of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) Phase 2 and include ARI+ACI interactions. The model simulations are evaluated against observational data from the European Space Agency (ESA) Cloud_cci project. Results show an underestimation (overestimation) of cloud fraction (CFR) over land (ocean) areas. Lower bias and mean absolute error (MAE) are found in the ensemble mean. Cloud optical depth (COD) and cloud liquid ice path (CIP) are generally underestimated over the whole domain. MAE was in line with the bias. Cloud liquid water path (CWP) bias is broadly overestimated. Temporal correlation points to a general positive correlation between models and satellite observations. Finally, regarding the spatial variability CFR has the best capacity to represent it, whereas COD, CIP and CWP indicate a lower capacity. The differences found can be attributed to differences in the microphysics schemes used, for instance, the number of ice hydrometeors has seen to be relevant as well as the prognostic/diagnostic treatment of the CWP.
Reduction in Earth Reflected Radiance during the Eclipse of 21 August 2017
Authors: Herman Jay , Wen Guoyong , Marshak Alexander , Blank Karin , Huang Liang , Cede Alexander , Abuhassan Nader , Kowalewski Matthew
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Ten wavelength channels of calibrated radiance image data from the Sunlit Earth are obtained every 65 minutes during Northern Hemisphere summer from the DSCOVR/EPIC instrument located near the Earth-Sun Lagrange-1 point (L1), 1.5 million km from the Earth. The L1 location permitted seven observations of the Moon’s shadow on the Earth for about 3 hours during the 21 August 2017 eclipse. Two of the observations were timed to be over Casper, Wyoming and Columbia, Missouri. Since, the solar irradiances within 5 channels (λi = 388, 443, 551, 680, and 780 nm) are not strongly absorbed in the atmosphere, they can be used for characterizing eclipse reduction in reflected radiances for the sunlit face of the Earth containing the eclipse shadow. Five channels (λi = 317.5, 325, 340, 688, and 764 nm) that are partially absorbed in the atmosphere give consistent reductions compared to the non-absorbed channels. This indicates that cloud reflectivities dominate the 317.5 to 780 nm radiances reflected back to space from the sunlit Earth’s disk with a strong contribution from Rayleigh scattering for the shorter wavelengths. A reduction of 9.7 ± 1.7 % in the radiance (387 to 781 nm) reflected from the Earth towards L1 was obtained for the set of observations on 21 August 2017, while the shadow was in the vicinity of Casper, Wyoming (42.8666° N, 106.3131° W, centered on 17:44:50 UTC). In contrast, when successive non-eclipse days are compared for each wavelength channel, the change in reflected light is much smaller (less than 1 % for 443 nm compared to 9 % during the eclipse). Also measured was the spatially averaged ratio of reflected radiance within the eclipse totality region to radiances for the same geometry on adjacent non-eclipse days for all 10 wavelength channels. The measured was smaller for Columbia (35) than for Casper (122), because Columbia had more cloud cover than Casper. REN(λi) forms a useful test of 3-D radiative transfer models for an eclipse in the presence of optically thin clouds. A previously published clear-sky model (Emde and Mayer, 2007) shows results for a nearly overhead eclipse had REN(340 nm)=1.7 x 104 compared to the maximum measured non-averaged REN(340) at Casper of 515 ± 27 with optically thin clouds under similar geometrical conditions.
Removal of Dyes from Simulated Wastewater using Low Cost Activated Carbon Derived from Date Pits
Authors: Mohammed Salam A. , Mabood Fazal , Abdlatef Warda , Wadi Iman , Yousif Emad , Abd Ali Ali
Published: February 2018

Abstract. There have been a lot of concerns regarding the pollution in aquatic resources. Since then, there has been a remarkable scientific work in order to remove all sorts of pollutants and offer a reasonably clean environment. In this effort, we show synthesis and characterization of activated carbon (AC) from date pits by various thermal treatments and two different porosities. Furthermore, we demonstrate the removal of four hazardous dyes from simulated waste water via adsorption using three packed bed column as semi batch process. The adsorption experiments demonstrated smooth running flow for the threated water and good removal efficiency for all dyes with some variations. These variations will be adequately displayed and discussed.
Tectonic controls of Holocene erosion in a glaciated orogen
Authors: Adams Byron A. , Ehlers Todd A.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Recent work has highlighted a strong, worldwide, glacial impact of orogen erosion rates over the last 2 Ma. While it may be assumed that glaciers increased erosion rates when active, the degree to which past glaciations influence Holocene erosion rates through the adjustment of topography is not known. In this study, we investigate the influence of long-term tectonic and post-glacial topographic controls on erosion in a glaciated orogen, the Olympic Mountains, USA. We present 14 new 10Be and 26Al analyses which constrain Holocene erosion rates across the Olympic Mountains. Basin-averaged erosion rates scale with basin-averaged values of 5-km local relief, channel steepness, and hillslope angle throughout the range, similar to observations from non-glaciated orogens. These erosion rates are not related to mean annual precipitation or the marked change in Pleistocene alpine glacier size across the range, implying that glacier modification of topography and modern precipitation parameters do not exert strong controls on these rates. Rather, we find that despite intense spatial variations in glacial modification of topography, patterns of recent erosion are similar to those from estimates of long-term tectonic rock uplift. This is consistent with a tectonic model where erosion and rock uplift patterns are controlled by the deformation of the Cascadia subduction zone.
C-Coupler2: a flexible and user-friendly community coupler for
model coupling and nesting
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Cheng , Li Ruizhe , Wang Bin
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The Chinese C-Coupler (Community Coupler) coupler family aims primarily to develop coupled models for weather forecasting and climate simulation and prediction. It is targeted to serve various coupled models with flexibility, user-friendliness, and extensive coupling functions. C-Coupler2, the latest version, includes a series of new features in addition to those of C-Coupler1, including a common, flexible, and user-friendly coupling configuration interface that combines a set of application programming interfaces and a set of XML formatted configuration files, capability of model coupling within one executable or the same subset of MPI (Message Passing Interface) processes, flexible and automatic coupling generations that enable coupling generation at any time for any subset of component models, dynamic 3-D coupling that enables convenient coupling of fields on 3-D grids with time-evolving vertical coordinate values, non-blocking data transfer, facilitation for model nesting, facilitation for increment coupling, and debugging capability. C-Coupler2 is ready for use to develop various coupled or nested models. It has passed a number of test cases derived from a sample model with model coupling and nesting, and with various MPI process layouts between component models, and has already been used in several real coupled models.
Parametric soil water retention models: a critical evaluation of expressions for the full moisture range
Authors: Madi Raneem , de Rooij Gerrit Huibert , Mielenz Henrike , Mai Juliane
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Few parametric expressions for the soil water retention curve are suitable for dry conditions. Furthermore, expressions for the soil hydraulic conductivity curves associated with parametric retention functions can behave unrealistically near saturation. We developed a general criterion for water retention parameterizations that ensures physically plausible conductivity curves. Only 3 of the 18 tested parameterizations met this criterion without restrictions on the parameters of a popular conductivity curve parameterization. A fourth required one parameter to be fixed. We estimated parameters by shuffled complex evolution (SCE) with the objective function tailored to various observation methods used to obtain retention curve data. We fitted the four parameterizations with physically plausible conductivities as well as the most widely used parameterization. The performance of the resulting 12 combinations of retention and conductivity curves was assessed in a numerical study with 751 days of semiarid atmospheric forcing applied to unvegetated, uniform, 1 m freely draining columns for four textures. Choosing different parameterizations had a minor effect on evaporation, but cumulative bottom fluxes varied by up to an order of magnitude between them. This highlights the need for a careful selection of the soil hydraulic parameterization that ideally does not only rely on goodness of fit to static soil water retention data but also on hydraulic conductivity measurements. Parameter fits for 21 soils showed that extrapolations into the dry range of the retention curve often became physically more realistic when the parameterization had a logarithmic dry branch, particularly in fine-textured soils where high residual water contents would otherwise be fitted.
Investigating compound flooding in an estuary using hydrodynamic modelling: a case study from the Shoalhaven River, Australia
Authors: Kumbier Kristian , Carvalho Rafael C. , Vafeidis Athanasios T. , Woodroffe Colin D.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Many previous modelling studies have considered
storm-tide and riverine flooding independently, even though
joint-probability analysis highlighted significant dependence between
extreme rainfall and extreme storm surges in estuarine environments. This
study investigates compound flooding by quantifying horizontal and vertical
differences in coastal flood risk estimates resulting from a separation of
storm-tide and riverine flooding processes. We used an open-source version
of the Delft3D model to simulate flood extent and inundation depth due to a
storm event that occurred in June 2016 in the Shoalhaven Estuary,
south-eastern
Australia. Time series of observed water levels and discharge measurements
are used to force model boundaries, whereas observational data such as
satellite imagery, aerial photographs, tidal gauges and water level logger
measurements are used to validate modelling results. The comparison of
simulation results including and excluding riverine discharge demonstrated
large differences in modelled flood extents and inundation depths. A flood
risk assessment accounting only for storm-tide flooding would have
underestimated the flood extent of the June 2016 storm event by 30 %
(20.5 km2). Furthermore, inundation depths would have been
underestimated on average by 0.34 m and by up to 1.5 m locally. We recommend
considering storm-tide and riverine flooding processes jointly in estuaries
with large catchment areas, which are known to have a quick response time to
extreme rainfall. In addition, comparison of different boundary set-ups at
the intermittent entrance in Shoalhaven Heads indicated that a permanent
opening, in order to reduce exposure to riverine flooding, would increase
tidal range and exposure to both storm-tide flooding and wave action.
Ice velocity of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Petermann Glacier, Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden
and Zachariæ Isstrøm, 2015–2017, from Sentinel 1-a/b SAR imagery
Authors: Lemos Adriano , Shepherd Andrew , McMillan Malcolm , Hogg Anna E. , Hatton Emma , Joughin Ian
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Systematically monitoring Greenland’s outlet glaciers is central to understanding the timescales over which their flow and sea level contributions evolve. In this study we use data from the new Sentinel-1a/b satellite constellation to generate 187 velocity maps, covering 4 key outlet glaciers in Greenland; Jakobshavn Isbræ, Petermann Glacier, Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden and Zachariæ Isstrøm. These data provide a new high temporal resolution record of each glacier’s evolution since 2014, and resolve recent seasonal and inter-annual changes in Greenland outlet glacier speed with an estimated certainty of 10 %. We find that since 2012, Jakobshavn Isbræ has been decelerating, and now flows approximately 1250 m yr−1 (10 %) slower than 5 years previously, thus reversing an increasing trend in ice velocity that has persisted during the last decade. Despite this, we show that seasonal variability in ice velocity remains significant; up to 750 m yr−1 (14 %) at a distance of 12 km inland of the terminus. We also use our new dataset to demonstrate a strong relationship between ice front position and ice flow at Jakobshavn Isbræ, with increases in speed of ~ 1800 m yr−1 in response to 1 km of retreat. Elsewhere, we record significant seasonal changes in flow of up to 25 % and 18 % at Petermann Glacier and Zachariæ Isstrøm, respectively. This study provides a first demonstration of the capacity of a new era of operational radar satellites to provide frequent, and timely, monitoring of ice sheet flow, and to better resolve the timescales over which glacier dynamics evolve.
Acute Bacterial Meningitis Complicated by Brain Herniation Shortly after Lumbar Puncture: A Case Report
Authors: Al Noaim Khalid Ibrahim
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: Brain herniation is a known complication of acute bacterial meningitis. Brain CT is requested before the lumbar puncture to rule out increased intracranial pressure. Delay antibiotic administration, secondary to brain CT leads to a poor clinical outcome.CASE PROFILE: 10 year old boy had previous history of skull fracture and pneumococcal meningitis, presented to ER with history of fever, headache and vomiting for 2 days. Clinically, he was fully conscious and vitally stables with positive meningeal signs and normal other examinations. Brain CT was normal before the lumbar puncture. The lumbar puncture came suggestive of meningitis in the form of leukocytosis with low glucose and high protein. Antibiotics were given after the lumbar puncture. Two hours after the lumbar puncture, the patient had deteriorations in the level of consciousness and respiratory arrest followed by a coma. Brain CT was repeated which showed cerebellar herniation and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neuroprotective strategy was performed without improvements. Blood and CSF cultures showed pneumococcal growth. After onne week, brain death was confirmed.CONCLUSION: Brain herniation is a severe complication of bacterial meningitis. Clinical findings are the best indicators to delay the LP and to predict the risk of herniation. Normal brain CT doesn’t necessarily mean LP is safe. Early antibiotics administrations improve the mortality and morbidity. Unnecessary CT before the LP lead to a delay of antibiotic administration and poor outcome.
The Iraqi EFL Learners’ Use of Permission, Obligation and Prohibition
Authors: Betti Mohammed Jasim , Igaab Zainab Kadim , Al-Ghizzi Muna Talib Hussein
Published: February 2018

The study aims at specifying the different types of directives available in the literature about speech acts; showing their relationship; and investigating the ability of the Iraqi EFL learners to recognize and produce the aforementioned speech acts. To validate the hypotheses of the study, a test is used to measure the ability of the fourth year subjects, at Thi-Qar University, College of Education for humanities, to recognize and produce permission, obligation and prohibition. It is hypothesized that the Iraqi EFL learners’ performance at the recognition level is better than that at the production of permission, obligation and prohibition; their performance of permission at both the recognition and production levels is better than that of obligation and permission; they tend to use some specific linguistic forms which are characteristic of the types of directives. The study concludes that the subjects’ performance at the recognition and production levels do not reveal a moderate mastering of permission, obligation and prohibition. In spite of that, their recognition level is better than their production and they have weaknesses at the pragmatic level of the selected directives.
Internal Communication Issues in the Firms: Does It Affect the Productivity?
Authors: Martinez Martinez Luz Angela , Fernandez Hurtado Saul Rick
Published: February 2018

Communication is born as a response of the human being to interact with other people in companies to motivate human resource and obtain the expected results and work with the best workers in an increasingly competitive market; internal communication plays an important role in improving the working environment and an excellent performance of workers. The constant change brought about by world globalization, forces organizations to apply methods that organize the means to lead the company to obtain better performance and make full use of all its resources; without it, it is created an environment of instability and uncertainty among its members. Business communication can be seen as a strategic tool in relation to the organization with the environment and interaction with the staff, showing the results expected by the company analyses by empirical data. The research is developed through a descriptive and empirical methodology to identify through surveys to workers from different companies, the current problems presented by organizations in internal communication; thus establishing the consequences of poor organizational communication; finding the real problems that affect the companies of the Colombian industry and of the world, to find possible solutions.
Gift-Giving in Society, Marriage and Its Nature in Law Enforcement in China
Authors: Li Xingan
Published: February 2018

Gift-giving is a prevalent human activity existing in different temporal and different spatial dimensions. Main issues discussed in this article are about gift exchange in socio-legal context, particularly in pertinent to marriage and divorce, as well as law enforcement against offence of bribery in China. The research identifies different modes of gift giving, including gift exchange and unilateral gift-giving. The research further explores into giftgiving by parents before marriage and during family life of their children, with special regard to real estate as a gift. The research also discusses gift as distinguished from and as identified as offence of bribery under Chinese law.La donación es una actividad humana predominante que existe en diferentes dimensiones espaciales temporales y diferentes. Los principales temas discutidos en este artículo son los siguientes: el intercambio de obsequios en el contexto socio-legal, particularmente en lo referente al matrimonio y el divorcio, así como la aplicación de la ley contra el delito de soborno en China. La investigación identifica diferentes modos de donación, incluyendo el intercambio de regalos y donaciones unilaterales. La investigación explora más a fondo la donación de los padres antes del matrimonio y durante la vida familiar de sus hijos, con especial atención a los bienes raíces como un regalo. La investigación también discute el regalo como distinto de y como identificado con el delito de soborno bajo la ley china.
El involucramiento familiar en el marco de la relación Familia-Escuela. Un análisis desde el Equipo de Gestión Escolar en una Escuela Municipal chilena
Authors: Santana López Alejandra , Reininger Pollak Taly
Published: February 2018

En Chile las iniciativas de intervención social escolar son procesos emergentes, que se proyectan considerando el marco normativo de la educación y las políticas públicas en el área. Especial interés revisten aquellas iniciativas que apuntan a fortalecer la relación familia-escuela. De esta forma, el artículo busca dar a conocer las visiones del equipo de gestión escolar municipal respecto a situaciones problemáticas vivenciadas por la familia y caracterizar el vínculo familia-escuela. Los antecedentes teóricos a la base del estudio, provienen de la teoría del cambio educativo, el cambio contextualizado y el involucramiento familiar. Se trabajó en base a una metodología cualitativa, a través de un estudio de caso, en que cada caso corresponde a una escuela. Aquí se presentarán los hallazgos parciales correspondientes a un establecimiento. A modo de resultados, destaca una visión negativa de la familia por parte del equipo de gestión, reconociendo una relación jerárquica entre ambas esferas y niveles de vinculación familia-escuela unidireccionales y de bajo protagonismo por parte de las familias.School social interventions in Chile are recently emerging and flourishing due to new educational policies and norms. These interventions have placed a specific focus on expanding and improving the relationship between the family and the school. Drawing from a larger case study that included 5 schools which sought to explore and compare the perspectives of municipal school administrative teams in regards to the family school relationship as well as problematic family situations, this article presents the findings from one particular school. The study is framed from the theory of educational change, contextualized change, and the family involvement literature. Findings from the study reveal school administrative teams hold a negative vision of the family and the relationship between the school and the family is hierarchical and unidirectional in nature, with little participation from families.
Luis Vives: Fabula de homine / Fábula sobre el hombre
Authors: Hernández LC Luis F.
Published: February 2018

Luis Vives: Fabula de homine / Fábula sobre el hombre
Vives, per la Concòrdia
Authors: VIVESIANA .
Published: February 2018

Textos llegits a l’acte de commemoració de la mort de Joan Lluís Vives, el 6 de maig de 1540, celebrat a La Nau de la Universitat de València, el 8 de maig del 2017, a les 12:00 hores
Metagenomic exploration of soils microbial communities associated to Antarctic vascular plants
Authors: Molina-Montenegro Marco A. , Ballesteros Gabriel I. , Castro-Nallar Eduardo , Meneses Claudio , Torres-Díaz Cristian , Gallardo-Cerda Jorge
Published: February 2018

Antarctica is one of the most stressful ecosystems worldwide with few vascular plants, which are limited by abiotic conditions. Here, plants such as Deschampsia antarctica (Da) could generate more suitable micro-environmental conditions for the establishment of other plants as Colobanthus quitensis (Cq). Although, plant-plant interaction is known to determine the plant performance, little is known about how microorganisms might modulate the ability of plants to cope with stressful environmental conditions. Several reports have focused on the possible ecological roles of microorganism with vascular plants, but if the rizospheric microorganisms can modulate the positive interactions among vascular Antarctic plants has been seldom assessed. In this study, we compared the rhizosphere microbiomes associated with Cq, either growing alone or associated with Da, using a shotgun metagenomic DNA sequencing approach and using eggNOG for comparative and functional metagenomics. Overall, results show higher diversity of taxonomic and functional groups in rhizospheric soil from Cq+Da than Cq. On the other hand, functional annotation shows that microorganisms from rhizospheric soil from Cq+Da have a significantly higher representation of genes associated to metabolic functions related with environmental stress tolerance than Cq soils. Additional research is needed to explore both the biological impact of these higher activities in terms of gene transfer on plant performance and in turn help to explain the still unsolved enigma about the strategy deployed by Cq to inhabit and cope with harsh conditions prevailing in Antarctica.