bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Antioksidan dan Sifat Sensoris Hasil Pengeringan Daun Ungu (Graptophyllum pictum) dengan Mesin Fast Dryer
Authors: Hasanah Masfufah , Santoso Agus , Rakhmadevi Ade Galuh , Fadhila Putu Tessa
Published: March 2024

A purple leaf or possibly called a wungu leaf (Graptophyllum pictum) is a commonly used plant as an herbal medicine. Purple leaves have many benefits, and it is known that one can potentially counteract free radicals caused by high flavonoid compounds. One of the key stages in simplishing is the drying method. The study aims to identify the effects of temperature and long periods of drying as well as variations in temperature and length of time on the flavonoid, the sensory properties (color, scent, taste, and texture), water levels, and rendement on the dried purple leaves using fast dryer. The design of the experiments is a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factors are drying temperatures consisting of 45°C (C1), 50°C (C2), and 55°C (C3). The second factors is drying time of 3 hours (F1), 4 hours (F2), and 5 hours (F3). The data analysis is done using a ANOVA and if the results show a real difference then a nt test with a 5% confidence level. Studies indicate that the higher the temperature and time spent in drying, the greater the levels of flavonoid and sensory properties and the lower the water content and rendement in dried purple leaf.
Rekayasa Ketangguhan Impak Terhadap Polymer Hybrid Composite Fariasi Penambahan Serat Daun Nanas Dan Serbuk Arang
Authors: Harijono Harijono , Akhmad Akhmad , Hartono Hartono
Published: March 2024

At the moment the demand for materials is increasing with good mechanical properties as well as economical. As an effort to meet these needs, composite materials are used. A composite is a combination of two or more inhomogeneously mixed materials consisting of a matrix and a reinforcement. Various studies conducted generally use one type of fiber so that the composite properties depend on one fiber used. The research that has been carried out has the aim of determining the effect of variations in the addition of pineapple leaf fiber and charcoal powder on the tensile strength and toughness of the impact of polymer hybrid composites. In addition, useful research provides information to readers regarding the strength and toughness of polymer hybrid composite with pineapple leaf fiber reinforcement and charcoal powder.There were three variations in the ratio of pineapple leaf fiber and charcoal powder, namely 10%:30%, 20%:20%, and 30%:10% used in the tensile test.
The results showed that the tensile strength increased along with the increase in the volume fraction of pineapple leaf fiber due to good load distribution and the ability to withstand increased tensile load.The average yield of absorbent energy of polymer hybrid composites is 35.81 J, 35.526 J, and 30.93 J, respectively, while the toughness value decreases along with the increase in pineapple leaf fiber due to the bond between the fibers and the matrix that is getting weaker As for the average yield of impact prices of 0.506 J/mm2, 0.466 J/mm2, and 0.39 J/mm2, respectively
Keywords: Composite, Polymer Hybrid Fiber Composite, impact, Matrix.
Pengaruh Suhu terhadap Produksi Amilase dari Bakteri sebagai Bahan Praktikum di Laboratorium Teknologi Rekayasa Pangan
Authors: Wahyu Setyaji Dwiantara  , Rahmawati Widya
Published: March 2024

Beberapa praktikum di Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Pangan memerlukan enzim sebagai bahannya. Selama ini, enzim didapatkan dari nanas untuk bromelin dan kentang untuk katalase. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperbanyak jenis enzim yang digunakan untuk praktikum. Enzim yang ingin dicari adalah amilase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu inkubasi bakteri terhadap aktivitas amilase yang dihasilkan. Tiga isolat yang diuji yaitu A3-04, A3-02 dan G1-01 menunjukkan ketiganya memiliki aktivitas amilase. Zona bening yang dimiliki A3-04 terlihat memiliki ukuran yang paling besar dibandingkan dengan A3-02 dan G1-01, diduga A3-04 memiliki aktivitas amilase paling tinggi.  Metode DNS (Dinitro salicylic acid) dilakukan untuk menentukan aktivitas amilase. Pengaruh suhu dan waktu inkubasi bakteri pada aktivitas amilase ditentukan dengan menumbuhkan kultur bakteri pada suhu 30, 35 dan 40oC. Sampel diambil pada waktu inkubasi 15, 16 dan 17 jam untuk dilakukan pengukuran aktivitas amilase. Selain aktivitas amilase, dilakukan juga pengukuran kepadatan sel bakteri dengan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 600 nm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, aktivitas amilase tertinggi terjadi pada inkubasi bakteri A3-04 pada suhu 35oC selama 17 jam. Dari hasil ini, rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan untuk memproduksi amilase adalah melakukan inkubasi bakteri A3-04 pada suhu 35oC selama 17 jam.  Hasil identifikasi bakteri secara molekuler isolat A3-04 adalah Bacillus flexus strain Xh8 dengan tingkat kesamaan 100,00%.

Kata kunci —  Amilase, Bacillus flexus, suhu, kepadatan sel, waktu inkubasi
Sistem Otomatisasi Pengatur Suhu Dan Kelembaban Pada (Germinator) Portabel
Authors: Prayitno Prayitno , Mukhlis Syaiful Mukhlis , Hariyanto Budi Hariyanto
Published: March 2024

Proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kecambah diperlukan kondisi lingkungan yang optimum untuk dapat berkembang secara normal. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kecambah benih melalui 2 fase perubahan  yaitu fase fisiologis dan fase morfologis.  Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan /membangun alat germinator  yang sederhana bersifat mobile/portabel yang dapat memberikan lingkungan optimum yang terkontrol secara otomatis, selain itu dapat mengamati atau merekam secara visual fase  pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kecambah benih. Proses penelitian dengan memasang perangkat pengatur suhu dan kelembaban secara otomatis, pemasangan timer untuk pengatur sumber cahaya (gelap dan terang), serta pemasangan kamera pengamat dalam germinator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemasangan termohygrostat memberikan hasil yang baik karena  suhu dan kelembaban terkontrol sesuai jenis benih yang berpedoman pada ISTA. Penggunaan timer memudahkan mengatur kondisi kecambah pada posisi terang atau gelap yang dapat dilakukan secara semi otomatis. Pemasangan kamera memberikan gambar secara visual perkembangan dan pertumbuhan kecambah dengan fase perubahan secara fiologis dan morfologis.
Pemanfaatan Mikroba Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sebagai Biosorpsi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Pada Limbah Pengujian AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) Di Laboratorium Biosain
Authors: Ida Novita Cholifah , Sariono Hadi , Widyawatiningrum Endang
Published: March 2024

Laboratorium Biosain merupakan laboratorium yang menggunakan alat pengujian dan berbagai macam bahan kimia. AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) adalah salah satu contoh pengujian logam berat yang ada di Laboratorium Biosain. Efek dari pengujian tersebut adalah terbentuknya air limbah yang mengandung logam berat (seperti Pb, Fe, Cd, Cr, Hg, dll). Logam berat tidak dapat dikonversi atau didegradasi. Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan cara pengolahan air limbah dengan suatu teknologi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan, biaya rendah dan mempunyai efisiensi yang tinggi untuk mengolah limbah, yaitu dengan pemanfaatan kemampuan beberapa mikroorganisme sebagai penyerap logam berat. Biosorpsi adalah metode alternatif untuk mengatasi pencemaran dengan menggunakan mikroorganisme. Saccharomyces cerevisiae merupakan jamur yang memiliki dinding sel yang tersusun oleh gugus karboksil dan gugus amino yang mampu bertindak sebagai penukar ion dan pembentukan kompleks dengan ion logam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan optimum Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam menyerap logam berat timbal (Pb) dengan variasi pH, waktu dan konsentrasi. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan, pH optimum penyerapan logam berat Pb oleh biomassa Saccharomyces cerevisiae yaitu pH 3 dengan penurunan konsentrasi logam Pb hingga 3,3098 mg/L. Waktu kontak optimum pada waktu 120 menit dengan penurunan konsentrasi Pb hingga 23,2906 mg/L. Konsentrasi optimum ion logam Pb yang dapat diserap Saccharomyces cerevisiae pada konsentrasi 50 mg/L sebesar 25,5221 mg/L dengan pH 3 dan waktu kontak 120 menit.
Rancang Bangun Tripod Kamera Otomatis Pengikut Objek Menggunakan Sensor Ultrasonik
Authors: Irvan Ali , Wildian Wildian
Published: March 2024

A design of an object follower automatic tripod camera based on an ultrasonic sensor has been done. The object follower automatic tripod camera design consists of 3 units of ultrasonic sensor, a servo motor, and an Arduino Uno microcontroller. An ultrasonic sensor was used to detect an object in the left front, in front, and in the right front of the device. Object detection was performed by using distance intervals from sensors. The sensors were designed to make 30Â° angle intervals each other and make 90Â° total angle detection in front of the device. Characterization of ultrasonic sensors showed that sensors could detect an object with an angle of 15Â°. Â The servo test shows that it can rotate until 160Â°. Servo could rotate until the angle position at 60Â°, 90Â°, and 120Â°. Device testing shows that it was able to detect an object at a distance of 2 m and a total angle of 90Â° in front of the device, and the servo was able to rotate the camera to the detection field.
Perancangan Sirkulasi Bahan Pustaka Secara Otomatis Menggunakan Sensor RFID dan Motor Servo
Authors: Hasibuan Putri Berlian , Yusfi Meqorry
Published: March 2024

Telah dilakukan perancangan sistem sirkulasi bahan pustaka otomatis menggunakan sensor RFID dan motor servo yang terhubung dengan website. Sistem ini mampu melakukan identifikasi data pengunjung serta buku yang ada pada perpustakaan. RFID digunakan sebagai sensor yang dapat membaca kartu ID anggota perpustakaan yang telah didaftarkan sebagai anggota. Data yang dibaca akan tersimpan pada basis data dan ditampilkan pada layar LCD. Motor servo sebagai pengunci pintu pada rak buku khusus akan terbuka saat menggunakan kartu anggota. Kemampuan RFID dalam membaca kartu anggota adalah Â 1 cm, LCD juga dapat menampilkan data yang dibaca oleh RFID, dan motor servo dapat bergerak tanpa kendala. Sistem ini menggunakan NodeMCU ESP32 sebagai mikrokontroler sebagai pengontrol sistem. Sistem juga memiliki website yang digunakan untuk menampilkan data pada basis data agar dapat dipahami dengan mudah.
Pengujian Efektivitas Perisai Radiasi dan Evaluasi Penerapan Proteksi Radiasi di Instalasi Radiologi RSUD Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar
Authors: Sahfira Maya Putri , Milvita Dian , Hiswara Eri
Published: March 2024

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengujian efektivitas perisai radiasi dan evaluasi penerapan proteksi radiasi di Instalasi Radiologi RSUD Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas perisai radiasi, mengevaluasi fasilitas proteksi radiasi, dan mengevaluasi laju dosis radiasi yang diterima pekerja radiasi. Pengujian efektivitas perisai radiasi dilakukan dengan cara mengukur dosis radiasi sebelum dan setelah melewati perisai radiasi menggunakan TLD-100. Evaluasi fasilitas proteksi radiasi dilakukan dengan cara mengamati secara langsung ruangan radiologi. Evaluasi laju dosis radiasi yang diterima pekerja radiasi dilakukan dengan cara mendata laju dosis yang diterima pekerja radiasi yang terukur pada TLD badge selama bulan November 2022-Januari 2023, kemudian dilakukan wawancara terhadap pekerja radiasi terkait proteksi radiasi. Hasil pengujian efektivitas perisai radiasi menunjukkan persentase tertinggi terdapat pada ruangan CT-Scan, nilai persentase efektivitas diperoleh >80%. Nilai efektivitas perisai radiasi pada ruangan dental panoramic diperoleh >47% dan ruangan sinar-X konvensional diperoleh >74%. Hasil evaluasi fasilitas ruangan radiologi secara umum telah memenuhi ketentuan Peraturan BAPETEN No. 4 Tahun 2020. Nilai laju dosis radiasi yang diterima pekerja radiasi sebesar (0-0,132) mSv/tahun, dan masih berada di bawah nilai yang ditetapkan oleh PERKA BAPETEN No. 4 Tahun 2013 sebesar 20 mSv/tahun.
Efektivitas Hboost (Hb Booster) terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Azzahra Intan Fatimah , Susilo Joko , Muslihatun Wafi Nur
Published: March 2024

Hboost  is an innovative hemoglobin booster that accompanies blood-boosting tablets that can help optimize and reduce the side effects of blood-boosting tablets. Objective: To determined the effect of giving Hboost in helping to increase hemoglobin levels during pregnancy in the working area of the Mantrijeron Health Center, Yogyakarta City. Methods: A Quasi-Experimental Design with plans Pretest-Posttest with a Control Group design. The population of this research study was all pregnant women in the working area of the Mantrijeron Health Center, Yogyakarta City. The sampling technique used Purposive Sampling to get a total sample of 30 respondents. Data analysis using analysis independent sample t-test. Results: The average hemoglobin level increase in the experimental group Hboost + iron tablets is 1.693 gr/dL. In comparison, the average hemoglobin level increase in the control group of iron tablets is only  0.520 gr/dL. Based on that data, it was found that the average of hemoglobin level increase in the experimental group was higher at 1.173 gr/dL than in the control group. Conclusion: Hboost (Hb Booster) effectively complements blood supplement tablets in increasing hemoglobin levels during pregnancy in the working area of the Mantrijeron Health Center, Yogyakarta City.Keywords:  anemia, blood supplement tablets, Hboost, hemoglobin levels, pregnant women
Profil Penderita Ablasio Retina Eksudatif di Klinik Mata SMEC Tahun 2019-2022
Authors: Hazami Lathifah Nur Islami B. , Fatmawati Nur Khoma , Sawitri Endang
Published: March 2024

Retinal detachment is a critical ocular condition arising from separating two retina layers, leading to an abrupt decline in visual acuity. Exudative retinal detachment occurs due to fluid accumulation from the inflammatory reaction. Objective: To ascertain the demographic characteristics of individuals diagnosed with retinal detachment at SMEC Eye Clinic in Samarinda from 2019 to 2022. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study that utilized data from the available population. The sample comprises seven medical records of patients with exudative retinal detachment at SMEC Eye Clinic in Samarinda between 2019 and 2022. Results: The age range observed was six patients (85.7%) between the ages of 15-65 years and one patient (14.3%) > 65. The mean age of patients was 39,4 years. Among the patients, 6 (85.7%) female and 1 (14.3%) male. Unilateral eye involvement was observed in 6 patients (85.7%), while bilateral involvement was observed in 1 (14.3%). The most commonly observed accompanying eye disease was choroidal disorder. In contrast, the most commonly observed non-eye comorbidity was diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Most exudative retinal detachment cases observed at SMEC Eye Clinic between 2019 and 2022 were concentrated within the age bracket of 15 to 65 years, with a higher proportion of female patients. The condition was predominantly unilateral, and the presence of comorbidities such as choroidal disorder and diabetes mellitus was also noted.Keywords:  affected eye side, comorbidities, exudative retinal detachment, risk factors
Empirical research in early infancy language acquisition: A nonsystematic review of literature
Authors: An Jing
Published: March 2024

This paper unsystematically reviewed the journal publications written in English in the period from 2010 to 2020 on the topic of early infancy language acquisition. The review was through two aspects: language comprehension, and language production. Additionally, this paper also reviewed several frequently used and new research methods and tools. For early infancy language comprehension, empirical studies found evidences on infants’ comprehension of words’ meaning through sounds, especially the comprehension of nouns, the latter was proven to have relevance with nouns’ familiarity and cross-word relations in the nouns. Besides, empirical studies found evidences on infants’ distinguishment between concrete words and abstract concepts. An important factor to influence infancy language comprehension is the social environment that the baby was exposed to, mainly the mother’s speech and her daily life routine (for example, her work). For early infancy language production, empirical studies found evidences on infants’ ability to associate similar sounds with different objects, and measurement for infants’ language outputs were brought forward in another empirical study. Empirical studies also found infants’ language outputs match to words and objects from the environment. Lastly, this paper reviewed the most frequently used technical methods: fMRI and fNIRS technology for investigating neural mechanisms of infancy language processing. There are other new research methods, include large-sample database analysis and quantitative modeling, corpus analysis, language inputs sampling, language model for infancy language acquisition.
PENGARUH RISIKO BISNIS, PROFIT MARGIN, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP KESULITAN KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN SEBELUM DAN SAAT TERJADINYA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI
Authors: Curry Khirstina
Published: March 2024

This research aims to analyze how financial performance influences the possibility of financial difficulties. This research is quantitative. There are 6 variables consisting of 5 independent variables and 1 dependent variable from 2017 to 2017. 2021 on 8 property companies listed on the IDX. To analyze the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable, secondary data, and Panel Data Regression analysis methods are used. The results of this research show that profit margins, corporate governance, leverage and pandemic conditions influence the occurrence of financial distress in property companies. Business risk is the only factor that does not influence the occurrence of financial distress
PENGARUH KINERJA PEREKONOMIAN TERHADAP KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA
Authors: Esther Astrid Maria , Agustina Suparyati
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of economic performance which consists of growth in per capita income, Human Development Index, Public Consumption Expenditure, and Poverty Level on Environmental Quality in Indonesia (EQI). This study focuses on 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020 using the panel data analysis method. Data was obtained from the Statistics Processing Agency (BPS) and Bank Indonesia (BI). The regression results show that economic growth, public consumption spending, and the poverty rate do not affect the environmental quality index and only the Human Development Index which has a positive effect on environmental quality, especially from the high education component forming a society that is intellectually educated and has a lifestyle that is influential in terms of consumption of environmentally friendly products.
PENGARUH KUALITAS KOMUNIKASI ATASAN-BAWAHAN TERHADAP KINEJA PEGAWAI PADA KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM BALO’ TORAJA
Authors: Ferdanto Handir , Ocky Sundari
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of the quality of superior-subordinate communication on the performance of employees of the Balo' Toraja Savings and Loans Cooperative. This research uses a quantitative type of research, by first conducting an instrument test. The data used is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to objects in 2023. The analysis uses the t-test to see the effect of the variable quality of superior-subordinate communication on employee performance. The results of the study found that the quality of superior-subordinate communication affects employee performance at the Balo' Toraja Savings and Loans Cooperative.
ANALISIS TEKNOLOGI FINANSIAL SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP KINERJA PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Purnamaningrum Tri Kunawangsih , Pracoyo Antyo
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange utilizing various technology platforms during the pandemic COVID-19. The independent variables used in both research models consist of ITF, LDR, and NPL. This study uses two models, in the first model the dependent variable is ROA, while in the second model, BOPO is the dependent variable. In order to fulfill the objectives of this study, the sample used was 40 conventional banks which during the observation period were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study used quarterly data throughout 2020, consisting of quarters 1, 2, 3, and 4. Based on the initial data presented when processed, they were forced to discard some of the available data for both the first and second models. The mechanism for deleting processed data is because the data is included in the outlier category. For data categorized as outliers, a data reduction mechanism is carried out
THE EFFECT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIAN BANKING COMPANIES
Authors: Tang Sukiantono
Published: March 2024

Financial Performance is the analysis conducted to determine the extent to which a company has correctly and adequately implemented the rules of financial performance. The purpose of this study is to discover and obtain empirical evidence on the impact of exposure to intellectual capital on financial performance. The survey was conducted from 2018 to 2022 for banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The results for the selected samples are 225 data for ROA, and 222 data for ROE. The data analysis technique used is linear regression analysis. The result is an outflow of intellectual capital financial performance using ROA and ROE.
PENGARUH E-WALLET, CREDIT CARD DAN SPENDING BEHAVIOUR TERHADAP TINGKAT KONSUMSI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Aulia Anisa , Nurlaila  , Syakir Ahmad
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of E-Wallet, Credit Cards and Spending Behavior on Student Consumption Levels at Islamic University North Sumatra Country. The studyare primary data by distributing questionnaires taken from UINSU students with a sample size of 100 people. The sampling technique used in this study is nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling type, then the data is processed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study stated that E-Wallet and Spending Behavior partially has a positive and significant effect on level consumption. That is, an increase in E- Wallet and Spending Behavior will also increase consumption spending significantly. While credit cards do not have a positive effect and significantly to the level of student consumption.
PENGARUH BELANJA KESEHATAN, BELANJA PENDIDIKAN, DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP IPM DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Sumiyarti Sumiyarti , Lazuardy Pratama Charenza
Published: March 2024

Efforts to create quality human resources require government intervention. These efforts are carried out in the form of spending or expenditure such as health expenditure and education expenditure. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the Human Development Index in 27 Regencies/Cities in West Java Province. The dependent variable in this research is the Human Development Index and the independent variables are Health Expenditure, Education Expenditure, and Economic Growth. This research uses a regression method with a panel data model to determine the influence of independent variables, namely Health Expenditure, Education Expenditure, and Economic Growth on the dependent variable Human Development Index (HDI). The data used is secondary data published by the Central Statistics Agency and the Directorate General of Financial Balance (DJPK) of the Ministry of Finance, with an observation period of 2013-2022. The results of the research show that the independent variables, namely Health Expenditure, Education Expenditure, and Economic Growth have a significant and positive effect on the Human Development Index in West Java Province. Significance occurs both in partial testing using the t-test and simultaneous testing using the F-test. The results of this research confirm that serious government spending allocation is very necessary for strengthening human resources.
ANALISIS PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA PADA SEKTOR INDUSTRI PARIWISATA
Authors: Jannah Nur Jannah Al Baiti , Nasution Annio Indah Lestari , Syakir Ahmad
Published: March 2024

This research aims to find out and analyze how labor absorption is influenced by variables from the tourism industry in hotels such as the number of tourists, number of hotel rooms and wage levels in the tourism industry sector in Medan City. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research that uses secondary data with the data source coming from the Medan City Central Statistics Agency. In this research, the time period used ranges from 2017-2021. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis and data processing using the SPSS 25 application. The results of the research state that The variable Number of Tourists has a significant positive influence on labor absorption in the tourism industry in Medan City. The variable number of hotel rooms has a significant positive influence on labor absorption in the tourism industry in Medan City. The wage level variable for working in the tourism sector has a significant positive influence on labor absorption in the tourism industry in Medan City with a significant value.
Climate Change’s Impacts on Drought in Upper Zab Basin, Iraq: A Case Study
Authors: Mohammed Doaa R. , Mohammed Ruqayah K.
Published: March 2024

Iraq has a semiarid and desert climate. Also, it is predicted to be more susceptible to global warming effects. In the present study, daily climatic data from the past and projected future of the Upper Zab Basin, located in northern Iraq and considered an example of arid and semiarid climate conditions, were simulated using LARS-WG 6.0, i.e., a stochastic weather generator. The model also estimated daily rainfall and temperature. Using the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 main emission scenarios, the future climate throughout the current century was estimated utilizing the MIROC5, CanESM2, HadGEM2-ES, ESM1-M, and CSIRO-Mk3.6.0 general circulation models (GCMs). This estimation was performed considering the significant uncertainty of future climate estimates. The model, constructed using thirty years' worth of historical data, was validated using climate data from the Upper Zab Basin in northern Iraq (1990–2021). According to the data, the average monthly maximum temperature will decline by 2.15–6.20 °C under RCP4.5 and 1.81–6.10 °C under RCP8.5 by the end of the twenty-first era for the corresponding upstream and downstream sub-basins. Precipitation projections from all GCMs showed varying patterns. Given that some models, like CanESM2, expected a rise in precipitation, while others, like MIROC5, forecasted a future with no change in precipitation or a falling trend, which illustrates the significant level of uncertainty in precipitation forecast when only one model was utilized. Also, the downstream sub-basin suffered the most during the 1999–2000 and 2007–2008 droughts, with average RDIst values of -1.97 and -1.64, respectively. However, the upstream sub-basin had moderate to severe droughts in 1999–2000 and 2007–2008, with average RDIst values of -0.81 and -1.84, respectively. The water available in the research location will be significantly impacted by variations in rainfall and temperature.
Application of Taxation Measures in Investment Arbitration
Authors:   Korea International Law Review, Han Changwan
Published: March 2024

This thesis examines the intricate relationship between taxation measures and investment agreements, highlighting the jurisdictional issues arising from clauses that exempt taxation measures from these agreements. These exclusion clauses are designed to delineate the jurisdictional boundaries of arbitral tribunals, specifying that disputes arising from taxation measures falling within these exclusions may be beyond their jurisdiction. This becomes particularly relevant when assessing whether taxation measures, excluded from the scope of investment agreements, are bona fide taxes. If they are not, the exclusion may not apply, potentially bringing the dispute within the tribunal’s purview.
Conversely, taxation measures enacted under a state’s sovereign authority, even in the absence of specific exclusion clauses, are generally unlikely to be deemed violations of investor protection obligations, such as against expropriation or breaches of fair and equitable treatment standards. The critical questions is whether the contested taxation measures are genuinely aimed at raising public revenue in a fair and equitable manner, or if they serve to discriminate against or penalize foreign investor unfairly in the guise of taxes.
This distinction is important for two reasons. First, bona fide taxation measures supported by exclusion clauses do not give rise to jurisdictional authority for an arbitral tribunal. Second, the absence of such clauses does not necessarily imply a breach of the host country’s obligations, provided the taxation measures are legitimate exercises of its sovereign power.
The thesis argues that the mere presence of exclusion clauses should not automatically legitimize all taxation actions by the host state, nor should the absence of such clauses deter the state from implementing necessary tax policies aimed at public purposes. In international investment disputes concerning taxation, the core issue is whether the taxation measures were unfairly aimed at discriminating or penalizing foreign investments, rather than achieving a legitimate public purpose or deviating from the measures promised at the time of investment attraction. Overreliance on exclusion clauses to apply clearly unreasonable measures in the guise of taxation measureless could grant jurisdiction to the arbitral tribunal. However, in the absence of such conditions, and regardless of the presence of exclusion clauses in the investment agreement, host countries should confidently implement necessary tax policies for public objectives.
УСКОРЯЮЩИЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ ВЫСОКОВАКУУМНОГО СПЕКТРОМЕТРА ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ ЭМИССИИ
Authors: Любова Т.С. , Галковский В.А.
Published: March 2024

Рассмотрен электронно-оптический ускоряющий элемент для исследования радиационной электронной эмиссии (РЭЭ) на сверхвысоковакуумном электростатическом оже-электронном спектрометре, позволяющий проводить исследования одновременно как электронов РЭЭ, так и электронов Оже для элементного анализа поверхности эмиттера. Расчет ускоряющего элемента проводился на основе уравнений, позволяющих учитывать углы вылета частиц вплоть до 90° и произвольные значения начальной энергии частиц, включая нулевое.
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ АСИММЕТРИЯ КАК ВАЖНЫЙ КОМПОНЕНТ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ СПОРТСМЕНА
Authors: Панина Н.Г. , Клычкова О.В.
Published: March 2024

В статье рассмотрена функциональная асимметрия человека как биологический феномен, сопутствующий спортивному результату. В ходе проведенных исследований установлено, уменьшение с возрастом доли лиц, имеющих полное левшество и полное правшество, наряду с этим прослеживается увеличение доли амбидекстров, что можно объяснить построением тренировочного процесса, состоящего из упражнений, заданий, методических подходов, установок тренера, которые нивелируют левшество и правшество занимающихся. Левая рука обладает более тонкой чувствительностью в гаптическом восприятии формы, что свидетельствует о преимущественном отношении правого и левого полушария к тактильному восприятию.
О ВТОРОМ НАСЫЩЕНИИ СОРТАМИ ТАБАКА МЕЖВИДОВОГО ГИБРИДА С ГЕНАМИ АВСТРАЛИЙСКОГО ДИКОГО ВИДА NICOTIANA ROSULATA DOMIN.
Authors: Ларькина Н.И. , Костюкова С.В.
Published: March 2024

Род Nicotiana представляет собой идеальный научный объект для изучения биологии развития в различных направлениях у полученных новых форм растений. Одно из них генетическое направление - это исследование при межвидовой гибридизации процесса насыщения сортами культурных растений фертильных межвидовых гибридов, в частности, гибрида, созданного при участии австралийского дикого вида Nicotiana rosulata Domin. Во время опытов применялся метод возвратных скрещиваний - двойное беккроссирование межвидового гибрида сортами табака, благодаря которому создаются новые формы по фенотипу, соответствующие внешними морфологическими признаками культурному виду - Nicotiana tabacum Lin.
EFFICIENT USE AND PROTECTION OF THE VEGETATION OF THE GANJA RIVER BASIN
Authors: Джавадова Э.Ф.
Published: March 2024

Охрана природы и эффективное использование природных ресурсов является одной из важнейших задач, стоящих перед человечеством. Эта проблема требует подготовки комплекса мер по охране окружающей среды, правильному и эффективному использованию природных ресурсов, их восстановлению. Для охраны и эффективного использования растительности того или иного региона большое значение имеют всестороннее изучение его флоры и растительности, открытие растений народнохозяйственного значения. Большое значение в этой работе имеют региональные флористические материалы.

Nature protection and efficient use of natural resources is one of the most important problems facing humanity. This problem requires the preparation of complex measures for the protection of the environment, the correct and efficient use of natural resources, and their restoration. For the protection and efficient use of the vegetation of this or other region, a comprehensive study of its flora and vegetation, and the discovery ofplants of national economic importance are very important. Regional floristic materials are very important in this work.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРЕПАРАТОВ КОРОТКИХ ПЕПТИДОВ НА ПРОРАСТАНИЕ СЕМЯН БАЗИЛИКА СВЯЩЕННОГО (OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM L.)
Authors: Хлебникова Д.А. , Бокарев Г.В. , Сумин А.В. , Бедарев В.А. , Жарких О.А. , Чередниченко М.Ю.
Published: March 2024

В ходе экспериментов было изучено влияние обработки пептидными препаратами Хонлутен (Glu-Asp-Gly), Карталакс (Glu-Asp-Ala) и Эпиталон (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) в различных концентрациях (0,1-100 мг/л) на эффективность прорастания семян базилика священного (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.). Были выявлены корреляционные зависимости морфометрических параметров органов проростков от концентраций пептидных препаратов.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ
Authors: Баламирзоев А.Г. , Дибирова З.Г. , Гаджиева А.М.
Published: March 2024

В статье рассмотрены ранжирование факторов риска. На процесс строительного производства влияют различные факторы: производственные, экономические, политические, организационные, технические, климатические и пр. На каждом этапе реализации инвестиционно-строительного проекта возникает большое количество факторов риска. Снижение влияния факторов, вызывающих риски, является важным направлением деятельности по повышению эффективности работы строительных предприятий.
Climatic Anticipation of Dry Cereal Producers in the Groundnut Basin of Senegal
Authors:   Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Bureau d’Analyses Macroéconomiques, BP 3120 – Dakar, Sénégal, Diakhaté Pape Bilal , Sall Moussa ,   Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Bureau d’Analyses Macroéconomiques, BP 3120 – Dakar, Sénégal, Ngom Mor ,   Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Bureau d’Analyses Macroéconomiques, BP 3120 – Dakar, Sénégal, Dia Djiby ,   Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Bureau d’Analyses Macroéconomiques, BP 3120 – Dakar, Sénégal, Niang Birahim Bouna ,   Faculté des Sciences Économiques et de Gestion, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (Sénégal), Dieye Mouhamadou ,   Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Bureau d’Analyses Macroéconomiques, BP 3120 – Dakar, Sénégal
Published: March 2024

The Groundnut Basin is one of six agro-ecological zones in Senegal where farmers are very affected by climate uncertainty during the rainy season. This paper examines the types of climate anticipation of dry cereal producers before the start of the rainy season. The main parameter used to determine the types of anticipation is based on climate information. Farmers are characterized according to their ability to formulate a climate forecast from climate information sources for which they have a degree of confidence. The results show that the majority of farmers formulate adaptive expectations on the climate by defining a margin of error to the received information (35.41%), while only 1.65% makes expectations without a formal source. This study suggests that insurance policies should take into account the profile of farmers in the face of climatic information, in particular the level of tolerable loss anticipated by the producer and his other socio-economic characteristics, accessibility to basic social services and the production system practiced.
Predicting DNA Reactions with a Quantum Chemistry-Based Deep Learning Model
Authors: Wang Likun , Li Na , Cao Mengyao , Zhu Yun , Xiong Xiewei , Li Li , Zhu Tong , Pei Hao
Published: March 2024

DNA reactions are crucial in biology, synthetic biology, and DNA computing. Accurate prediction of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters is vital for understanding molecular interactions and designing functional DNA-based systems. Existing models have limitations due to simplifications and approximations that may deviate from experimental measurements. In this study, we propose a quantum chemistry-based deep learning model to enhance accuracy and efficiency in predicting DNA reaction parameters. The model integrates quantum chemistry calculations, new designed descriptor matrices, and deep learning algorithms. It comprehensively describes energy variations by expanding stacks and considering relevant factors. To address limited labeled data, an active learning method selects informative samples iteratively, optimizing data utilization. The results demonstrate the superior predictive capabilities of our model in accurately determining DNA hybridization free energies and strand displacement rate constants. This integration of quantum chemistry and deep learning improves our understanding of DNA reactions and facilitates precise design and optimization of DNA-based systems.
Structural and Vibrational Properties of Lanthanide Lindqvist Polyoxometalate Complexes
Authors: Subintoro Primadi , Carter Korey
Published: March 2024

Molecular spin qubits have demonstrated immense potential in quantum information science research due to the addressability of electron spins using microwave frequencies, and the scalability and tunability of molecular systems. Exemplary in this regard is the holmium polyoxometalate, [Na9Ho(W5O18)2]•35H2O (HoW10), which features an accessible atomic clock transition at 9.4 GHz; however, the coherence time of this molecule is limited by spin-phonon coupling driven decoherence processes. To limit these decoherence pathways, materials need to be designed to reduce energy overlap between spin and phonon states, and this necessitates developing a better understanding on how structural modifications impact the vibrational landscape for classes of complexes. Herein we conducted a full investigation into the fundamental structural and vibrational properties of the lanthanide Lindqvist polyoxometalate series, [Na9Ln(W5O18)2]•XH2O (Ln = La(III) – Lu(III), except Pm(III)) (LnW10), to assess how structural changes effect vibrational characteristics and to elucidate pathways to improve the coherence properties of HoW10. Single crystal X-ray diffraction results revealed four distinct structural polymorphs in complexes 1-14 wherein first coordination spheres were identical, and differences manifested as changes in lattice packing. Interestingly, the subtle changes in packing exhibited by the four polymorphs were found to impact distortions away from ideal D4d symmetry for each of the LnW10 complexes. Raman and far-infrared spectra of complexes 1-14 were collected to identify vibrational modes present in low energy regions and peak fitting and assignments were made according to literature precedence. Qualitative and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis show correlations between complex structural parameters with the low energy Raman and FIR vibrational modes of interest. Overall, this investigation shows that the second coordination sphere plays an integral role in modulation of the structural and vibrational characteristics of LnW10 complexes, which makes it a viable route for tuning spin and vibrational manifolds of species within this series.
Reusability report: Annotating metabolite mass spectra with domain-inspired chemical formula transformers
Authors: Heirman Janne , Bittremieux Wout
Published: March 2024

We present an in-depth exploration of the Metabolite Inference with Spectrum Transformers (MIST) tool for annotating small molecule mass spectrometry (MS) data, focusing on its reproducibility and generalizability. MIST innovates by integrating a “chemical formula transformer” to process MS/MS spectra, aiming to bridge the substantial knowledge gap in untargeted MS studies, where only a fraction of spectra are confidently annotated. Here, we critically assess MIST’s reproducibility by following the tool’s original training and testing protocols, encountering minor challenges but largely succeeding in replicating results. We also evaluate MIST’s generalizability by applying it to an external dataset from the CASMI 2022 challenge, revealing insights into the model’s performance on previously unseen data. An ablation study further investigates the impact of various model features on database retrieval performance, suggesting that some algorithmic complexities may not significantly enhance performance. Through rigorous evaluation, this work underscores the challenges and considerations in developing robust computational tools for MS data analysis. We advocate for community-wide efforts in benchmarking, transparency, and data sharing to foster advancements in metabolomics and computational biology.
Synergetic enhancing effects between platinum nano-sensitizers and clinically approved stabilizing ligands in proton therapy, causing high-yield double-strand breaks of plasmid DNA at relevant dose
Authors: Zwiehoff Sandra , Hensel Astrid , Rishmawi Ramin , Shakibaei Parisa , Behrends Carina , Hommel Katrin , Bäumer Christian , Knauer Shirley K. , Timmermann Beate , Rehbock Christoph , Barcikowski Stephan
Published: March 2024

Proton therapy is used to eradicate tumors in sensitive areas by targeted delivery of energy. Its effectiveness can be amplified using nanoparticles as sensitizers, due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the nanoparticle´s catalytically active surface, causing the cleavage of DNA. However, the impact of stabilizing macromolecular ligands capping the particles, needed for nanosensitizer dispersion in physiological fluids, is underexplored. In this work, we use initially ligand-free colloidal platinum nanoparticles (PtNP) fabricated by scalable laser synthesis in liquids, which allows studying particle and ligand effects separately. PtNP are incubated with stabilizing concentrations of the clinically approved ligands albumin, Tween, and polyethylene glycol, and irradiated with proton beams at clinically relevant doses (2 Gy and 5 Gy). At these doses, plasmid DNA cleavage larger than 55% of clustered DNA damage is achieved. BSA, Tween, and polyethylene glycol on the NP surface work as double strand breaking (DSB) enhancers and synergetic effects occur even at low and clinically relevant particle concentrations and irradiation doses. Here, DSB enhancement by ligand-capped PtNP even exceeds the sum of the individual ligand and particle effects. The presented fundamental correlations provide selection rules for nanosensitizer design in proton therapy.
Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Structural Characterisation of Supramolecules and Coordination Compounds
Authors: Geue Niklas
Published: March 2024

Mass spectrometry is routinely used for myriad applications in clinical, industrial, and research laboratories worldwide. Developments in the areas of ionisation sources, high-resolution mass analysers, tandem mass spectrometry, and ion mobility have significantly extended the repertoire of mass spectrometrists, however for coordination compounds and supramolecules, mass spectrometry remains underexplored and arguably underappreciated. Here, I aim to guide the reader through different tools of modern mass spectrometry that are suitable for larger inorganic complexes. I will discuss all steps, from choosing the right technique(s), over sample preparation and technical details to data analysis and interpretation. The main target audience of this tutorial are synthetic chemists and technicians, as well as mass spectrometrists with little experience in characterising labile inorganic compounds.
Receptor for Specific Detection of TKX 50 and Integration of the Switch On Fluorescence Responses into an IoT-Based Smart Device
Authors: Bej Somnath , Dutta Sourav , Salim Pasha Sheik , K. De Anik , Roy Debmalya , Roy Lopamudra , Ghosh Ria , Banerjee Amrita , Pan Nivedita , Kumar Pal Samir , K. Pramanik Sumit , Das Amitava
Published: March 2024

TKX-50 is one of the new generatation secondary explosives that has been introduced recently in the modern weapon system due to its low impact/friction sensitivity, and high thermal stability, density, and detonation velocity. In response to the growing concerns for the illegitimate use of certain explosives by various organized agencies, there is an urgent need for effective recognition and quantification of such explosives for efficient security screening, homeland security and human safety. However, it is imperative that such detection process is free from scope of any false positive or false negative response. Herein, we report a new polymeric receptor derived from hydroxyl-functionalized tetra phenyl ethylene (TPE-OH) for specific detection of TKX 50 by monitoring its fluorescence-ON responses on binding to TKX 50. A details spectroscopic (steady-state and time resolved fluorescence) studies confirm that the fluorescence ‘ON’ response is attributed to an interrupted non-radiative deactivation process for TKX-50 bound receptor IV (Ka = 2.4 x 103 M-1), which otherwise is operation in receptor IV. A control monomeric derivative of TPE-OH is also synthesized and is used for our studies to further corroborate our proposition. Furthermore, a smart and user-friendly IoT-based device has been developed, allowing the integration of optical responses into a digital output. This light weight portable device enables IoT based remote detection and appropriate for surveillance application. To the best of our knowledge, example of such smart integration of the optical responses to an user datagram protocol (UDP)-based Wi-Fi communication and data processing for remote monitoring of TKX 50 is scarce and in the contemporary literature.
Risk Communication in Dentistry: Bridging the Knowledge Gap
Authors: Sahil Gorsi
Published: March 2024

Effective risk communication in dentistry is essential for patient safety and trust. Dentists must provide clear, tailored information, promote shared decision-making, and offer emotional support. Dental procedures inherently involve risks, ranging from minor discomfort to more serious complications. Effective risk communication is essential for informed decision-making and patient autonomy. However, communicating risks in dentistry presents unique challenges, including the complexity of dental procedures, varying levels of patient health literacy, and cultural differences in perceptions of risk. Transparency, continuous education, and adherence to legal and ethical guidelines are key components in enhancing patient care and satisfaction.