bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selected Quality Attributes of Wheat Flour Added with Overozonized Wheat Flour
Authors: Zhang Wei , Luo Xianli , Li Liuyan , Shu Zaixi , Wang Pingping , Zeng Xuefeng
Published: June 2021

Overozonized wheat flour was added to unozonized wheat flour at three different ratios (M1: 1 : 1; M2: 1 : 2; and M3: 1 : 3), and the mixed flour was evaluated for quality properties, including pH, protein component, dough property, pasting property, and steamed bread quality. The pH of the mixed flour gradually increased as the addition content of overozonized flour decreased. The three mixed flour had higher insoluble polymeric protein (IPP) content than unozonized flour. Compared with overozonized flour, M1 and M2 flour did not show a significant difference in IPP content, but M3 flour exhibited a decreased IPP content. Three mixed flour had higher dough development time and dough stability time than both unozonized and overozonized flour, and there was no significant difference among three mixed flour in these two dough parameters. Peak, trough, and final viscosities of the three mixed flour were between those of unozonized and overozonized flour. Steamed bread of three mixed flour had larger specific volume and better texture than that of overozonized flour, with steamed bread of M3 flour showing the best attributes. Among the three mixed flour, M1 flour was the closest to overozonized flour in volatile compounds of steamed bread. These results suggested overozonized flour can be mixed with unozonized flour to decrease the deterioration of overozonization on the dough and food-making properties of wheat flour, but the mixing ratio should be taken into consideration to obtain a better quality.
Exploration of the Key Proteins in the Normal-Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence of Colorectal Cancer Evolution Using In-Depth Quantitative Proteomics
Authors: Zhang Yin , Li Chun-Yuan , Ge Wei , Xiao Yi
Published: June 2021

Purpose. In most cases, the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) follows the normal-adenoma-carcinoma (N-A-C) sequence. In this study, we aimed to identify the key proteins in the N-A-C sequence. Methods. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in normal, adenoma, and carcinoma tissues were identified using the Tandem Mass Tag- (TMT-) based quantitative proteomics approach. The landscape of proteomic variation in the N-A-C sequence was explored using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Proteomaps. Key proteins in the N-A-C sequence were identified, verified, and validated based on our proteomic data, external proteomic data, and external transcriptomic data in the ProteomeXchange, CPTAC, GEO, and TCGA databases. The prognostic value of the key proteins in our database was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The effects of the key proteins on adenoma organoids and colorectal cancer cells were explored in functional studies. Results. Based on our proteomic profiles, we identified 1,294 DEPs between the carcinoma (CG) and normal (NG) groups, 919 DEPs between the adenoma group (AG) and NG, and 1,030 DEPs between the CG and AG. Ribosome- and spliceosome-related pathways were mainly enriched in the N-A process. Extracellular matrix- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) related pathways were mainly enriched in the A-C process. RRP12 and SERPINH1 were identified, verified, and validated as candidate key proteins in the N-A and A-C processes, respectively. Furthermore, RRP12 and SERPINH1 knockdown impeded the viability and proliferation of adenoma organoids. SERPINH1 was validated as a risk factor for disease-free survival (DFS) based on the TCGA and our database, whereas RRP12 did not show prognostic value. SERPINH1 knockdown was accompanied by EMT-related protein variation, increased apoptosis, and reduced proliferation, invasion, and migration of CRC cells in vitro. Conclusions. RRP12 and SERPINH1 may play an important role in the N-A and A-C processes, respectively. Furthermore, SERPINH1 showed favorable prognostic value for DFS in CRC patients. We speculate that SERPINH1 might promote not only the A-C process but also the development of CRC.
Robust LQR-Based Neural-Fuzzy Tracking Control for a Lower Limb Exoskeleton System with Parametric Uncertainties and External Disturbances
Authors: Narayan Jyotindra , Dwivedy Santosha K.
Published: June 2021

The design of an accurate control scheme for a lower limb exoskeleton system has few challenges due to the uncertain dynamics and the unintended subject’s reflexes during gait rehabilitation. In this work, a robust linear quadratic regulator- (LQR-) based neural-fuzzy (NF) control scheme is proposed to address the effect of payload uncertainties and external disturbances during passive-assist gait training. Initially, the Euler-Lagrange principle-based nonlinear dynamic relations are established for the coupled system. The input-output feedback linearization approach is used to transform the nonlinear relations into a linearized state-space form. The architecture of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and used membership function are briefly explained. While varying mass parameters up to 20%, three robust neural-fuzzy datasets are formulated offline with the joint error vector and LQR control input. Thereafter, to deal with external interferences, an error dynamics with a disturbance estimator is presented using an online adaptation of the firing strength matrix. The Lyapunov theory is carried out to ensure the asymptotic stability of the coupled human-exoskeleton system in view of the proposed controller. The gait tracking results for the proposed control scheme (RLQR-NF) are presented and compared with the exponential reaching law-based sliding mode (ERL-SM) controller. Furthermore, to investigate the robustness of the proposed control over LQR control, a comparative performance analysis is presented for two cases of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. The first case considers the 20% raise in mass values with a trigonometric form of disturbances, and the second case includes the effect of the 30% increment in mass values with a random form of disturbances. The simulation runs have shown the promising gait tracking aspects of the designed controller for passive-assist gait training.
[Retracted] Virtual Reconstruction Method of Regional 3D Image Based on Visual Transmission Effect
Authors: Yin Jing , Yang Jong Hoon
Published: June 2021

In order to solve the problems of poor user experience and low human‐computer interaction efficiency, this paper designs a 3D image virtual reconstruction system based on visual communication effects. First, the functional framework diagram and hardware structure diagram of the image 3D reconstruction system are given. Then, combined with the basic theory of visual communication design, the characteristics of different elements in the three‐dimensional image system and reasonable visual communication forms are analyzed, and design principles are proposed to improve user experience and communication efficiency. After the input image is preprocessed by median filtering, a three‐dimensional reconstruction algorithm based on the image sequence is used to perform a three‐dimensional reconstruction of the preprocessed image. The performance of the designed system was tested in a comparison form. We optimize the original hardware structure, expand the clock module, and use the chip to improve the data processing efficiency; in the two‐dimensional image; we read the main information, through data conversion, display it in three‐dimensional form, select the feature area, extract the image feature, calculate the key physical coordinate points, complete the main code compilation, use visual communication technology to feed back the display visual elements to the 3D image, and complete the design of the 3D image virtual reconstruction system. The test results showed that the application of visual communication technology to the virtual reconstruction of 3D images can effectively remove noise and make the edge area of the image clear, which can meet the needs of users compared with the reconstruction results of the original system. Visual C++ and 3DMAX are used as the system design platform, and three‐dimensional image visualization and roaming are realized through OpenGL. Experimental results show that the designed system has better reconstruction accuracy and user satisfaction.
Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of CD47 Expression in Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Orozco-Morales Mario , Avilés-Salas Alejandro , Hernández-Pedro Norma , Catalán Rodrigo , Cruz-Rico Graciela , Colín-González Ana Laura , Dosal-Mancilla Elsa , Barrios-Bernal Pedro , Arrieta Oscar
Published: June 2021

Background. Lung neuroendocrine tumors account for approximately 15% of all lung cancer cases. LNET are subdivided into typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The Ki-67 index has been used for decades to evaluate mitotic counts however, the role of Ki-67 as a biomarker for assessing prognosis and guiding therapy in metastatic LNET still lacks feasible clinical validation. Recent clinical trials have indicated that inhibition of CD47 with anti-CD47 antibodies exerts a promising antitumor effect against several human malignancies, including NSCLC, melanoma, and hematologic malignancies. However, the clinical relevance of CD47 expression in LNET has remained unclear. Methods. We performed a retrospective study in which we analyzed tumor biopsies from 51 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LNET that received treatment at our hospital. Then, we analyzed if there was any correlation between CD47 expression with any clinical or pathological characteristic. We also analyzed the prognostic significance of CD47, assessed as progression-free survival and overall survival. Results. A total of 51 patients with LNET were enrolled in our study. The mean age at diagnosis was 57.6 (±11.6) years; 30 patients were women (59%). 27.5% of patients were positive for CD47 expression, and 72.5% of patients showed a CD47 expression of less than 1% and were considered as negatives. In patients with high-grade tumors (this time defined as

Ki
‐
67
>
40
%

), the positive expression of CD47 was strongly associated with an increased PFS. Albeit, these differences did not reach statistical significance when analyzing OS. Conclusion. Contrary to what happens in a wide range of hematologic and solid tumors, a higher expression of CD47 in patients with LNET is associated with a better progression-free survival, especially in patients with a

Ki
‐
67
≥
40
%

. This “paradox” remains to be confirmed and explained by larger studies.
Impact of Parameter Tuning for Optimizing Deep Neural Network Models for Predicting Software Faults
Authors: Gupta Mansi , Rajnish Kumar , Bhattacharjee Vandana
Published: June 2021

Deep neural network models built by the appropriate design decisions are crucial to obtain the desired classifier performance. This is especially desired when predicting fault proneness of software modules. When correctly identified, this could help in reducing the testing cost by directing the efforts more towards the modules identified to be fault prone. To be able to build an efficient deep neural network model, it is important that the parameters such as number of hidden layers, number of nodes in each layer, and training details such as learning rate and regularization methods be investigated in detail. The objective of this paper is to show the importance of hyperparameter tuning in developing efficient deep neural network models for predicting fault proneness of software modules and to compare the results with other machine learning algorithms. It is shown that the proposed model outperforms the other algorithms in most cases.
Coordinated Planning and Energy Conservation for Distribution Network with Renewable Energy: Standardized Information Model and Software
Authors: Wang Tianlin , Cao Huazhen , Gao Chong , Li Zhuohuan , Yu Tao , Cheng Ran
Published: June 2021

In recent years, energy conservation and environmental protection have attracted great attention by the state, and many efforts have been made from the policy and planning level. In view of the current distribution network planning requirements about energy-saving and environmental protection attributes such as loss reduction, carbon reduction, and environmental friendliness, this study proposes a set of energy-saving and environmental protection evaluation indicators for distribution network. Then, the CIM file library is constructed for typical equipment. Based on the CIM file, the digital planning technology for distribution network is designed. Besides, the feature library of energy conservation and environmental protection indicators, power flow calculation module, carbon flow calculation module, and renewable energy integration planning module are described.
Sparstolonin B Exerts Therapeutic Effects on Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Reducing the Activity of α1,3-Fucosyltransferase
Authors: Sun Yue , Guo Yun , Zhang Jing , Chang Lihua , Zhao Haiyan , Wang Xiaofei
Published: June 2021

Objective. To explore the role of α1,3-fucosyltransferase in the mediation of rheumatoid arthritic inflammation, the protective effect of Sparstolonin B on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the mechanisms that regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Methods. Forty, weighing from 260-300 g, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following groups: a sham operation group (Sham group), a rheumatoid arthritis model group (RA group), an RA+Sparstolonin B treatment group (RAS group), an RA+Iguratimod group (RAI group), and an RA+SsnB+NLRP3 inflammasome activator (Nigericin) group (RASN group); ten animals were allocated to each group. We determined the arthritis index for each group of rats, and pathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. We also used ELISAs to determine the serum levels of IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-18, and IL-1β. TUNEL staining was used to investigate apoptosis in synovial cells. IF was used to detect the release of ROS, ASC formation, and the expression levels of FucT-V and NLRP3. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of Bc1-2, Bax, TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, pro-caspase-1, NLRP3, FucT-V, E-Selectin, and P-Selectin. We also performed in vitro experiments with Sparstolonin B and detected changes in 1,3-fucosyltransferase activity by ELISA. The pyroptosis-related phenotype, including ASC, was identified by immunofluorescence, while levels of NLRP-3, pro-IL-1, and pro-caspase-1 were detected by western blotting. Results. Sparstolonin B was showed to alleviate joint swelling in RA rats, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and the release of ROS, reduced damage caused by oxidative stress, and suppressed the rate of apoptosis in synovial cells. The administration of Sparstolonin B inhibited the secretion of IL-17 from Th17 cells and triggered the secretion of TGF-β from Treg cells, thus leading to the reduced expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB, and the suppression of TNF-α secretion. Moreover, Sparstolonin B downregulated the expression of NLRP3, inhibited ASC formation in vivo and in vitro, and reduced the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β. The expression levels of FucT-V, E-Selectin, and P-Selectin were also inhibited. Interestingly, these protective effects of Sparstolonin B could be blocked in RA rats by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusion. Sparstolonin B improved inflammatory responses and oxidative stress by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibiting the expression of FucT-V and downregulating the TLR4/MYD88/NF-𝜅B signaling pathway in order to rescue RA.
Radiation Tolerant 3D Laser Scanner for Structural Inspections in Nuclear Reactor Vessels and Fuel Storage Pools
Authors: De Dominicis Luigi , Carta Mario , Ciaffi Massimiliano , Falconi Luca , Ferri de Collibus Mario , Francucci Massimo , Guarneri Massimiliano , Nuvoli Marcello , Pollastrone Fabio
Published: June 2021

Accurate and timely assessment of displacements and/or structural damages in nuclear reactor vessels’ components is a key action in routine inspections for planning maintenance and repairs but also in emergency situations for mitigating consequences of nuclear incidents. Nevertheless, all these components are maintained underwater and reside in high-radiation fields thus imposing harsh operative conditions to inspection devices which must cope with effects such as Cerenkov radiation background, Total Ionizing Radiation (TID), and occlusions in the detectors’ field of view. To date, ultrasonic techniques and video cameras are in use for inspection of components’ integrity and with measurements of volumetric and surface crack opening displacements, respectively. The present work reports the realization of a radiation tolerant laser scanner and the results of tests in a nuclear research reactor vessel for acquisition of 3D models of critical components. The device, qualified for underwater operation and for withstanding up to 1 MGy of TID, is based on a 515 nm laser diode and a fast-scanning electro-optic unit. To evaluate performances in a significant but controlled environment, the device has been deployed in the vessel of a research reactor operated by ENEA in the Casaccia Research Centre in Rome (Italy). A 3D model of the fuel rods assembly through a cooling water column of 7 m has been acquired. The system includes proprietary postprocessing software that automatically recognizes components of interest and provides dimensional analysis. Possible application fields of the system stretch to dimensional analysis also in spent nuclear fuel storage pools.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Iran: Findings from the Four-Year FH Registry
Authors: Vaseghi Golnaz , Taheri Marzieh , Heshmat-Ghahdarijani Kiyan , Rayati Mohammad , Zarfeshani Sonia , Pourmoghaddas Ali , Khosravi Alireza , Zarepour Ehsan , Keshavarzrad Parsa , Arabi Sina , Azizi Mohammadreza , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh , Najafian Jamshid , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: June 2021

Background. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant disease. Its diagnosis in Iran was uncommon. Iran registry of FH (IRFH) has been started from 2017 from Isfahan. In this study, we report the four-year FH registry. Methods. The Iran FH registry is an ongoing study which is followed by a dynamic cohort. It has been started from 2017. The patients are selected from laboratories due to high cholesterol level and who have history of premature cardiovascular disease. The Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria are used for the detection of FH. Cascade screening is performed for detection of first-degree relative of patients. Results. Among the 997 individuals included in this registry, they were 522 (mean age

51.41
±
12.91

year), 141 (mean age

51.66
±
8.3

year), and 129 (mean age

41
±
16.5

year) patients from laboratories, premature cardiovascular disease, and relatives, respectively. In total, 263 patients were diagnosed with probable or definite FH, and others were in the possible group. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level was

141.42
±
45.27
 
mg
/
dl

in the laboratory group and 54.9% of patients were on LLT treatment. In patients with premature cardiovascular disease and FH, the LDL level was

91.93
±
32.58

and was on LLT treatment. The LDL concentration in the first relative of FH patients was

152.88
±
70.77

and 45.7% of them are on LLT therapy. Conclusions. Most of FH patients were underdiagnosed and undertreated before their inclusion in the IRFH. Cascade screening helps in the improvement of diagnosis.
Effect of Local and Non-Local Kernels on Heat Transfer of Mixed Convection Flow of the Maxwell Fluid
Authors: Riaz M. B. , Atangana A. , Asgir Maryam , Khan Muhammad Altaf , Amsalu Kahsay Hafte
Published: June 2021

The heat transfer study of mixed convection flow of the Maxwell fluid is carried out here. The fluid flow is demonstrated by the system of coupled partial differential equations in the dimensionless form firstly. Then, its fractional form is developed by using the new definition of the noninteger-order derivative with the singular kernel (Caputo/C) and nonsingular kernels (Caputo–Fabrizio/CF and Atangana–Baleanu (nonlocal)/ABC). The hybrid-form solutions are obtained by applying the Laplace transform, and for the inverse Laplace transform, the problem is tackled by the numerical algorithms of Stehfest and Tzou. The C, CF, and ABC solution comparison under the effects of considered different parameters is depicted. The physical aspects of the considered problem are well explained by C, CF, and ABC in comparison to the integer-order derivative due to its memory effects. Furthermore, the best fit model to explain the memory effects of velocity is CF. The solutions for the Newtonian fluid and ordinary Maxwell fluid are considered as a special case and found in the literature.
EOM-NPOSESs: Emergency Ontology Model Based on Network Public Opinion Spread Elements
Authors: Dong Guozhong , Zhang Weizhe , Tan Haowen , Yadav Rahul , Tan Shuaishuai
Published: June 2021

The construction of an emergency ontology model plays an important role in emergency management, which is an important basis for emergency public opinion management and decision-making. Integration of network public opinion spread elements into the emergency ontology model is crucial for realizing knowledge sharing in the field of emergency and public opinion responses. In this study, we crawl a large amount of emergency data from different data sources and construct an emergency dataset. Based on this dataset, we analyze the public opinion elements of emergencies and propose an emergency ontology model based on network public opinion spread elements (EOM-NPOSESs). Thereafter, we consider the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emergency as an example to construct the EOM-NPOSESs. Finally, we design some strategies to realize rule reasoning and present the COVID-19 emergency application based on the constructed EOM-NPOSESs and the geographic information system platform. The results demonstrate that EOM-NPOSESs can not only describe the semantic relationship between emergencies and emergency elements but also perform semantic logical reasoning on different emergencies.
Good Outcome for an Individual with Severe Facial Anomalies and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: A Consequence of His Cognitive Function, Pragmatic Approach, and Temperament
Authors: Groh Timothy L. , Zarella William , Lee Peter A.
Published: June 2021

The multiple factors that determine outcomes for individuals with visible developmental errors and/or atypical development of the reproductive system are not fully understood. This case report of an individual with Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome causing severe facial anomalies and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is used to highlight factors that impacted his adjustment from childhood through adulthood. Key factors include his temperament, intact cognitive ability, and pragmatic approach for controlling his physical and social environment. His successful adjustment even in the face of significant early life challenges demonstrates that positive outcomes are attainable for individuals with significant developmental errors. His story and experiences with the health-care system offer insight into some factors that may be pertinent to resilience and lifelong adjustment for patients with similar conditions and the importance of continually seeking the patient’s perspective to tailor treatment across the lifespan.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Robustness in Interdependent Mechatronic Systems under Attack Strategies
Authors: Xu Gang , Wang Yanhui , Hao Yucheng , Jia Limin , Yang Zeyun , He Zhichao
Published: June 2021

With the development of mechatronic systems, different kinds of subsystems within them are highly correlated to each other due to the demand for the special function. To assess the robustness in the mechatronic system under various disturbances, we build an interdependent mechatronic system as an interdependent machine-electricity-communication network (IMECN) and adopt the improved cascading failure model where the occurrence of the failure propagation is decided by a proportion threshold δ. In order to fully explore the robustness under different disturbances, we develop attack strategies concerning nodes, edges, and interdependent links by considering measures for a node. Then, we also define the robustness metric to quantify the performance of IMECN during the entire attack process. The mass transit vehicle is taken as an example to investigate the impact of attack strategies on the robustness at different δ in a real-world mechatronic system. It is found that each subnetwork in this IMECN has a scale-free property. Based on simulation results, we obtain the most efficient attack strategies to remove nodes, edges, and interdependent links for different possibilities of triggering the failure propagation. In addition, we find that the attacks on nodes and interdependent links make IMECN more vulnerable compared with the ones on edges. This work provides theoretical insights into the comprehensive analysis of the robustness in interdependent mechatronic systems.
Bispectral-Based Ultrasound Image Restoration Algorithm for Neurological Disorders Analysis in Patients Anesthetized with Sevoflurane
Authors: Lou Yanfang , Liang Bing , Gu Qing , He Zhiwei
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work was to investigate preventive effect of dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane on neurological disorders in liver cancer patients during postoperative recovery under the ultrasound image restoration (UIR) algorithm. A blind deconvolution medical UIR algorithm was established in this study. The patients anesthetized with sevoflurane for liver cancer surgery were rolled into an experimental group (group A) (dexmedetomidine treatment before surgery) and a control group (group B) (normal saline treatment before surgery). They were monitored routinely before, during, and after surgery, and immune and liver functions of patients were observed before and after surgery. Besides, their cognitive function and adverse reactions were assessed after surgery. Results showed that patients from group A had smaller fluctuation in average arterial blood pressure and heart rate, but their bispectral index (BIS) increased obviously after surgery in contrast to those of group B (

P
<
0.05

). Moreover, changes of immune and liver functions in patients from group A decreased sharply compared with group B (

P
<
0.05

). The postoperative minimental state examination (MoCA) score of patients from group A was 27.51 ± 2.02, while the score of group B was 25.79 ± 2.35. The postoperative (MoCA) score of group A was markedly higher than the score of group B, and the difference was statistically obvious (

P
<
0.05

). Besides, the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients from group A and B was 12.91% and 32.26% in turn. The incidence of POCD in patients from group A was sharply lower than the incidence of group B (

P
<
0.05

). In addition, the total incidence of adverse reactions in patients from group A was 6.45%, which was significantly lower than the 22.58% of group B, and the difference was statistically substantial (

P
<
0.05

). In summary, dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane could effectively reduce POCD and promote systemic circulation recovery, which had clinical application value.
Multidrug‐Resistant and Carbapenemase‐Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tekele Saba Gebremichael , Teklu Dejenie Shiferaw , Legese Melese Hailu , Weldehana Daniel Gebretsadik , Belete Melaku Ashagrie , Tullu Kassu Desta , Birru Samuel Kinde
Published: June 2021

Background. The emergence and spread of multi‐drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a public health problem in recent years. For the last many years, carbapenem antibiotics have been used successfully to treat infections caused by MDR Enterobacteriaceae. However, recently, Enterobacteriaceae producing carbapenemases have emerged, which confer broad resistance to most β‐lactam antibiotics including carbapenems. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the magnitude of MDR and carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) isolated from various clinical specimens in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from January to April 2018. A total of 312 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified from various clinical specimens. The Phoenix automated system (BD Phoenix100) was used for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Potential carbapenemase producers were confirmed by the modified carbapenem inactivation test, and KPC, MBL, and OXA‐48 were phenotypically characterized by the disk diffusion method. The data obtained were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics, chi square, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. P value ≤ 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval was considered for statistical significance. Results. A total of 312 Enterobacteriaceae were recovered. Of these isolates, 68.6% were MDR and 2.6% were CPE with different classes including OXA‐48 1.6% (5/312), MBL 0.6% (2/312), and KPC and OXA‐48 0.3% (1/312). The predominant bacterial isolates were E. coli 72.4% (226/312) followed by K. pneumoniae 13.8% (43/312). The antibiotic resistance rates of CPE isolates were significantly higher than other MDRE including ampicillin (100% versus 77.6%), cefoxitin (75% versus 20.6%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (50% versus 13.1%). Conclusion. In this study, a relatively higher prevalence of MDR was observed, and the highest resistance was recorded against ampicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim. Detection of CPE is important for implementing appropriate antimicrobial therapy and in controlling the spread of the infection. Furthermore, continuous screening and investigations, including genotypic characterization of CPE, are required for the prevention and control of the spread of antimicrobial‐resistant pathogens.
“A Monster of iniquity in my self”: Queer Sacramental Temporality in Thomas Shepard and Michael Wigglesworth
Authors: Kraayenbrink Taylor
Published: June 2021

This article contends, through a reading of Thomas Shepard and Michael Wigglesworth, that puritan devotional practice contains a queer temporality that emphasizes the recurrent experience and recording of personal sinfulness. This queer temporality, articulated in puritan devotional literature in sacramental terms, poses an important challenge to the secularization account Charles Taylor offers in which puritan religious emphasis on righteous conduct leads to ultimately secular projects of social and individual reform.
Application of the Paternalism Principle to Constitutional Rights: Mental Health Case-Law in Ireland
Authors: Whelan Darius
Published: June 2021

In adjudicating on matters relating to fundamental constitutional or human rights, courts make important statements about the principles which apply. The principles articulated will have a profound impact on the outcomes of such cases, and on the development of case-law in the relevant field. In the fields of medical law and mental health law, various courts have moved away from deference to medical decision-making and paternalism to a person-centred rights-based approach. However, courts in Ireland have continued to interpret mental health law in a paternalistic fashion, praising paternalism as if it is particularly suitable for mental health law. This raises profound questions about judicial attitudes to people with mental health conditions and judicial reluctance to confer full personhood on people with disabilities. This article outlines case-law in Ireland regarding paternalism in mental health law and discusses the consequences for constitutional rights in Ireland.
Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Regarding the Forced Displacement of Rohingya Refugees
Authors: Adiputera Yunizar , Missbach Antje
Published: June 2021

This article analyses Indonesia’s foreign policy with respect to Myanmar and the forced displacement of more than 1 million Rohingya refugees from Rakhine State, Myanmar. Its main concern is to evaluate the effectiveness of Indonesia’s policies, including diplomatic efforts and humanitarian aid contributions, in regard to finding a solution to the ongoing disaster that affects both Rohingya remaining in Myanmar and those who have found temporary sanctuary in Bangladesh. For its diplomatic and humanitarian engagement, the Indonesian government has explored various avenues and utilised a range of instruments, including the purposeful engagement of non-state actors and faith-based humanitarian organisations. Our inquiry predominantly focuses on the time between the first Andaman Sea crisis (May 2015) and the second Andaman Sea crisis (mid-2020), not least because this is when Indonesia saw the arrival of Rohingya boats at its shores, which in turn fuelled local public interest in this matter. Our analysis pays special attention to domestic appeals from large Muslim organisations that sought to pressure the Indonesian government to become more proactive on behalf of the displaced and discriminated Rohingya. Yet, while a variety of Muslim organisations have at times demanded a more interventionist stance by the Indonesian government, their pressure has not been consistent or particularly successful. Therefore, it is likely the Indonesian government will continue to pursue its ‘quiet diplomacy’ efforts in order to balance the regional non-intervention paradigm and humanitarian imperatives caused by the forced displacement.
How Not to Know the Principle of Induction
Authors: Sankey Howard
Published: June 2021

In The Problems of Philosophy, Bertrand Russell presents a justification of induction based on a principle he refers to as “the principle of induction.” Owing to the ambiguity of the notion of probability, the principle of induction may be interpreted in two different ways. If interpreted in terms of the subjective interpretation of probability, the principle of induction may be known a priori to be true. But it is unclear how this should give us any confidence in our use of induction, since induction is applied to the external world outside our minds. If the principle is interpreted in light of the objective interpretation of induction, it cannot be known to be true a priori, since it applies to frequencies that occur in the world outside the mind, and these cannot be known without recourse to experience. Russell’s principle of induction therefore fails to provide a satisfactory justification of induction.
Marx After Sraffa: Redux
Authors: Sinha Ajit
Published: June 2021

As the question of appropriation of the surplus value is independent of the question of economic valuation of it, Sraffa succeeds in removing the conflation between the problem of production of the surplus product and its appropriation, which, it is argued, sits at the core of the discrepancy between Marx’s physics of production and his metaphysics of human labour.

JEL Codes: B1, B2, B3, B4, B5
An Alternative Fiscal Package to Mitigate India’s COVID Economic Crisis
Authors: Mehrotra Santosh
Published: June 2021

This article examines briefly why the Indian economy was slowing pre-pandemic. It further argues that India’s lockdown caused an unprecedented economic crisis; worse, India’s economic policy response was poor in its overall architecture in terms of the balance between fiscal and monetary policy measures. It does this not only for India but compares it to the international evidence on peer country government response, with superior consequences in the latter. It argues that had the fiscal response been more commensurate with the depth of the crisis and at least somewhat comparable to that of emerging market economies, the extremely adverse impact on employment, earnings and wages could have been mitigated. It closes by offering what could have been an alternative fiscal package for India. An adequate fiscal response, it argues, would have revived aggregate demand in the product market, and through it revived the labour market—in a classic Keynesian manner.

JEL Codes: H3, H41, H51, H54, H62, I15, J6, J30
A Jungian Analysis of the Chinese Kitchen God Image
Authors: Liang Jingyu , Zhang Yancui , Guo Ruitong , Shen Heyong
Published: June 2021

This article studies the impact of Kitchen God beliefs and worship on Chinese mentality and behavior, both consciously and unconsciously. At the conscious level, the evolution of the Kitchen God beliefs has gone through four stages; Nature God, Animal God, Half-animal/Half human God, and finally Human God. The evolution of the Kitchen God in China displays the features of a couple, aging and secularization. The experience of “returning to the sacred origin” can be obtained through Kitchen God worship by burning an old paper image of the Kitchen God and pasting of a new one of him beside the kitchen stove year after year during the Kitchen God festival. The secret to continuity of life lies in repetition. The image of the Kitchen God as an important graphic symbol is formed by a constellation of images; good pot and evil pot, two dragons playing with a bead, rooster and dog, the psychological archetypes as yin and yang, unity of opposites, transformation and integration. This ritual serves as a bridge between Chinese people and their “ancestors,” “the other realm” (nirvana), and “the Self.” On an unconscious level, the psychological significance of Kitchen God beliefs is analyzed through “the family hexagram.” The collective unconscious for the Chinese can be revealed by a continuous pattern of concentric circles structure, that is, “heaven and earth—the Kitchen God—ancestors—parents—offspring.” Through a clinical case using Sandplay Therapy, this article will show that Kitchen God imagery unconsciously shows the constellation of “family.” Family is the place of belonging and home for Chinese people, helping the client return to his inner source and gain strength through acceptance and transformation. The implication of Kitchen God beliefs for today’s Chinese society is to return to the most primitive “Tao,” which presents a possible cure for many kinds of psychological problems we are facing. It suggests that researchers pay attention to the psychological phenomenon of clients’ using the Kitchen God image to express their cultural feelings toward family in psychological practice.
Embodiment, Relationality and Epistemics: Observations from Alexander Technique Training in Music Master Classes
Authors: Reed Darren J , Wooffitt Robin
Published: June 2021

Following Shilling’s arguments on body pedagogics in sociology, we show how the negotiation of epistemic concerns is central to our understanding of practices of embodied interaction. Using conversation analytic methods, we examine audio and visual data from recordings of tuition in the Alexander Technique to accomplished amateur musicians. Our analysis builds on previous research on the body in pedagogic contexts, and focuses on embodied and discourse practices through which imperceptible changes to the body are warranted, the management of recruitment and agreement to embodied change, and the use of embodied mimicry. We position our approach as a rapprochement between the concerns of the sociology of the body and interactional studies of embodied action.
Inter-city transport infrastructure and intra-city housing markets: Estimating the redistribution effect of high-speed rail in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Chang Zheng , Diao Mi
Published: June 2021

This study analyses the changes in intra-city housing values in response to improved inter-city connection brought by high-speed rail (HSR), using the opening of the Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen Passenger Dedicated Line (HFSL) in Shenzhen, China, as an example. The opening of the HFSL and its integration into the local metro network at Shenzhen North Station provide exogenous intra-city variations in access to the surrounding economic mass. With a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the HFSL showed a negative local effect as housing values declined by 11.5%–13.3% in the proximity of Shenzhen North Station relative to areas further from the station after the opening, possibly due to the negative externalities of the HFSL. The HFSL effect can spread along the metro network and lead to, on average, a 7% appreciation of housing values around metro stations (network effect). The direction and strength of the network effect vary by metro travel time between Shenzhen North Station and metro stations. Housing values decreased by 7.7% around metro stations within 5–15 minutes of metro travel time but increased by 63.6%, 16.6% and 29.2% around metro stations within 15–25, 25–35 and 35–45 minutes of metro travel time to Shenzhen North Station, respectively. The HFSL effect on housing values diminishes when the rail travel time is above 45 minutes. We interpret these findings as evidence of the redistribution effect in the city related to HSR connection.
Improving Hospital Based Medical Procurement Decisions with Health Technology Assessment and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
Authors: Yang Chai , Wang Yanjun , Hu Xiaoxuan , Chen Yujun , Qian Liting , Li Fuchang , Gu Wei , Liu Qiang , Wang Di , Chai Xiaoqing
Published: June 2021

This research proposes a new medical procurement decision-making tool named Evaluation of Medical Technology Procurement (EMTP), which combines Mini-health Technology Assessment (Mini HTA) with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), as well as the intuitionistic linguistic multi-criteria group decision model for multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). This tool was applied to a medical device procurement decision in a large provincial general hospital with more than 5000 beds in China as a case study. Specifically, the AHP evaluation framework is first established to determine the evaluation dimensions and criteria. This goal is achieved by applying the AdHopHTA Mini-HTA template and gathering data from questionnaires completed by experts from 33 major public hospitals in Anhui Province, China. The professionals within the application hospital were invited to evaluate the alternative products in a pairwise comparison and obtain a ranking of their advantages and disadvantages. This goal is achieved using the intuitionistic linguistic fuzzy model to deal with the subjectivity and uncertainty that may be present in the professional evaluation by experts in different fields. At the same time, the Keeney-Raiffa MCDA (KRM) method was used to demonstrate the accuracy of the application results. The results show that our tool can achieve the same effect as the verification method while being more efficient, easier to use, and requiring fewer participants. The advantages and disadvantages of several evaluation methods combined with multi-criteria methods are discussed, including verification methods, pointing out the advantages and limitations of this research tool as well as the prospects for the future.
Visual Gender Stereotyping in Campaign Communication: Evidence on Female and Male Candidate Imagery in 28 Countries
Authors: Jungblut Marc , Haim Mario
Published: June 2021

Using the case of the 2019 European election, the study compares the visual self-depiction of female and male political candidates from all European Union’s 28 member states on social networking sites and their depiction in the news coverage. It thereby investigates to what degree the news coverage and politicians’ self-depiction employs visual gender stereotypes. Moreover, the study presents results on differences in the depiction of male and female candidates across party lines. With the help of computational vision, we demonstrate that, while differences between progressive and conservative candidates are scarce, there are clear differences in the depiction of female and male politicians. These differences resemble emotional gender stereotypes, especially since women are more often depicted as happy. Overall, the study demonstrates that female political communication is still distinct from male political communication for both their self-representation as well as the media’s portrayal of political candidates.
Network Governance in Action: Functions and Practices to Foster Collaborative Environments
Authors: Wegner Douglas , Verschoore Jorge
Published: June 2021

Collaborative networks attract the attention of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers as an alternative to solve complex problems. However, there are gaps regarding the day-to-day activities network leaders perform to foster collaborative environments. We propose a research framework for the micro-governance of collaborative networks by analyzing how contextual factors influence the use of governance functions and practices. Our study contributes to the nascent theory of network governance by proposing relationships among contextual factors, functions, and practices. We also offer insights for practitioners and policymakers who want to improve the effectiveness of collaborative networks composed of public and private members.
Investigating the Impact of Noneffortful Responses on Individual-Level Scores: Can the Effort-Moderated IRT Model Serve as a Solution?
Authors: Rios Joseph A. , Soland James
Published: June 2021

Suboptimal effort is a major threat to valid score-based inferences. While the effects of such behavior have been frequently examined in the context of mean group comparisons, minimal research has considered its effects on individual score use (e.g., identifying students for remediation). Focusing on the latter context, this study addressed two related questions via simulation and applied analyses. First, we investigated how much including noneffortful responses in scoring using a three-parameter logistic (3PL) model affects person parameter recovery and classification accuracy for noneffortful responders. Second, we explored whether improvements in these individual-level inferences were observed when employing the Effort Moderated IRT (EM-IRT) model under conditions in which its assumptions were met and violated. Results demonstrated that including 10% noneffortful responses in scoring led to average bias in ability estimates and misclassification rates by as much as 0.15 SDs and 7%, respectively. These results were mitigated when employing the EM-IRT model, particularly when model assumptions were met. However, once model assumptions were violated, the EM-IRT model’s performance deteriorated, though still outperforming the 3PL model. Thus, findings from this study show that (a) including noneffortful responses when using individual scores can lead to potential unfounded inferences and potential score misuse, and (b) the negative impact that noneffortful responding has on person ability estimates and classification accuracy can be mitigated by employing the EM-IRT model, particularly when its assumptions are met.
Regional development and agency: Unfinished business
Authors: Rainnie Alistair
Published: June 2021

Agency and regional development has attracted growing attention. The origins of much thought in this area lie in evolutionary economic geography, sometimes with a nod in the direction of geographical political economy. In recent literature, there has been a stress on agency in general and local entrepreneurship in particular. Stress is laid on good governance, involving an appropriate mix of stakeholders, and more particularly the involvement of local leaders/entrepreneurs and their communities. However, in this article, I want to argue that, firstly, a focus on local entrepreneurship is too limiting; and secondly, following on from the first point, the concept of agency at a local level is at best undercooked.