bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le Recidive da Radioterapia Dei Carcinomi Delle Mucose Del Cavo Orale: III. LA LINGUA E IL PAVIMENTO ORALE
Authors: Pompili Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

The cases of tongue and oral floor carcinomas (633) radiologically treated in the Cancer Institute of Milan from 1928 to 1950 are presented. 166 recurrences followed to such radiological therapy are considered.
Considerazioni Istologiche E Cliniche Sull'Azione Dell'Estrogeno Nel Cancro Della Prostata
Authors: Chierego F. , Fabris P.
Published: April 2018

26 histological controls have been carried out on patients bearing prostata carcinoma and treated with estrogens. Results are exposed. The opinion is stressed that estrogens act on prostata carcinoma by a twofold mechanism, i.e. both by a hormonal and a direct cystostatical action.
Indagini Sul Metabolismo Del Fosforo Nucleinico Di Tumori Da Trapianto - Inibizione Da Tiopirimidine: Nota II
Authors: Di Marco A. , Fuoco L. , Gaetani M. , Necco A. , Polvani F. , Silvestrini R.
Published: April 2018

The effect of a pyrimidine analog, the 2-thio-5-methylcytosine, on the synthesis of RNA and DNA nucleic fractions of Walker carcinosarcoma has been investigated by a modified autoradiographic technique and by radiochemical determinations. Results obtained by the two methods are illustrated and compared, and their meaning is discussed. It is pointed out that the occurrence of the induced effect is likely dependent on the hematic and tissue levels of the substance, according to the different administration ways.

The depressing action of thiopyrimidine on radiophosphorus uptake in the neoplastic tissue of the treated animals is confirmed. It is also observed that P32 inhibition, though more marked for the DNA fraction, is also present in the RNA fraction.

An interpretation is given of the correlation between autoradiographical and radiochemical results and histological ones (mitotic coefficient).
Studio Di Alcune Attivita’ Enzimatiche Di Mitocondri Isolati in Mezzi Di Sospensione Isotonici Ed Ipotonici Da Fegato Con Lesioni Precancerose E Da Epatomi Sperimentali Del Ratto
Authors: Clerici E. , Cudkowicz G. , Sambo G.
Published: April 2018

Acid phosphatase, ATP-ase and cytochrome-c oxidase activities have been studied in rat mitochondria isolated from precancerous livers and from experimental hepatomas.

ATP-ase and cytochrome-c oxidase activities are increased, while acid phosphatase activity is decreased by p-DAB feeding.

These enzymatic modifications seem to be secondary to morphological and structural changes of precancerous and cancerous liver mitochondria. They occur very early during experimental liver carcinogenesis, contemporaneously with the appearance of structural changes indicated by a minor swelling of precancerous and cancerous mitochondria isolated in hypotonic media, as compared to mitochondria from normal livers.

No statistically significant differences have been observed between enzymatic activities of mitochondria isolated from precancerous livers and hepatomas; it is suggested that the mitochondrial damage reaches its maximum in the precancerous stages, being no furtherly modified in the established hepatomas.
Sulla « Propagazione Intraepiteliale » Del Carcinoma Prostatico Alla Vescica
Authors: Chierego F. , Fabris P.
Published: April 2018

The passible occurrence is prospected of a prostatic carcinoma spreading by « intraepithelial propagation » along the urethral mucous membrane up to the urinary bladder. 4 cases are reported, in which endoscopical and cytological examination of the bladder suggests this possibility. The return to normal of both the endoscopical and cytological examinations following estrogen therapy gave a confirmation of the prostatic origin of the cancer cells detected in the vesical sediment. The recognition of such a possibility is of the utmost practical importance mainly for therapeutical purposes, since a unitarian treatment may be able to control the primary tumour and its vesical derivation.
Proteine Del Siero Ed Acidi Nucleinici Del Fegato in Ratti Portatori Di Tumore
Authors: Prina C. , Capra-Marzani P.
Published: April 2018

In rats bearing a rather advanced tumour (Walker carcinoma grafted into the thigh) a decrease of liver RNA level has been observed whereas liver DNA was found to be unmodified: hence, a diminution of the RNA/DNA ratio. The electrophoretical picture was characterized by a marked reduction of albumin and increase of alpha and beta-globulins.
Il Trattamento Ormonico Chirurgico Del Cancro Avanzato E Metastatizzato Della Mammella
Authors: Bucalossi P. , Catania V. C. , Di Pietro S.
Published: April 2018

Bilateral oophoro-adrenalectomy appears, at present, to be the best among methods of endocrine treatment in inoperable or metastatic mammary carcinoma. Statistical results concerning 42 women treated with bilateral oophoro-adrenalectomy during 2 years are referred. Objective improvements have been obtained in the 59 per cent of the cases and subjective improvements in the 83 per cent. Both clinical and laboratory findings are, however, still lacking for the prediction of beneficial results in each patient.
Sulla Istogenesi Dei Miomi (Studio Di 633 Casi) Con Particolare Riguardo All'Attività Angioformativa E Fibrillopoietica Dei Mioblasti Ed Alla Imbibizione Idrica Della Sostanza Intercellulare
Authors: Sirtori C. , Samuel S. , Russenberger G. V.
Published: April 2018

633 cases of myomatosis uteri were studied histologically and histochemically (hematoxylin and eosin, silver impregnation, PAS, Alcian blue, toluidine blue), with particular consideration to small myomas, in order to discover the first evolution stages.

Areas of edematous imbibition, which proved to be PAS-, Alcian blue- and toluidine blue negative, have been observed in the 20 per cent about of myomas. Such edematous areas, which may be compared to those remarked in gynecomastia and fibroadenoma as well as in mammary cancer after oestrogen therapy, could be interpreted as « inductive phases » of the oestrogenic stimulation and justify some prompt regressions following hormonal treatment. A fibrollogenetic and angiogenetic activity of myoblasts was also observed

The exposed researches suggest the opportunity of associating cortisone and testosterone in the medical treatment of myomas.
Studio Istologico Ed Istochimico Dei Surreni e Delle Ovaie in Pazienti Portatrici Di Carcinoma Mammario
Authors: Sirtori C. , Pizzetti F. , Catania V. C.
Published: April 2018

98 women with advanced breast cancer underwent adrenalectomy, 88 also ovariectomy; in 56 adrenalectomy was performed in two times.

1) The adrenal weight shows marked variations from case to case.

2) Normal glomerulosa (35,5 %), hypertrophic fasciculata (55 %), and hypertrophic (43 %) or normal (43 %) reticularis are more frequent in the first removed adrenals. Reticularis hypertrophy is more marked in women ovariectomized many years before. The histochemical examination, carried out in 30 cases, shows a prevalence of acid fats on neutral ones and a phospholipids and cholesterol decrease.

3) The adrenals removed by contralateral adrenalectomy show initial hypotrophy followed by hypertrophy of glomerulosa, hypertrophy of fasciculata (70%), initial hypertrophy followed by hypotrophy of reticularis. In the second adrenal a marked decrease of lipids is observed (85 %), especially when a short period of time was elapsed between first and second operation; cholesterol is always decreased.

4) It is interesting to notice the scanty amount of mucopolysaccharides, the frequent (75 %) occurrence of foamy cytoplasms in fasciculata, the presence (in the 39 per cent of the cases) of big nuclei in the same zone.

5) Ovaries show frequently (75 %) cortical hyperplasia, which is very marked in the 50 per cent of the cases.

6) Adrenal metastases have been found in the 35,7 per cent (21,7 % bilaterally), ovarian ones in the 26,1 per cent (15,9 % bilaterally).

7) 52 patients improved after endocrino-surgical treatment, 32 showed no clinical modifications, in 14 a follow-up was not possible owing to various reasons. The biovaro-monoadrenalectomy, followed by controlateral adrenalectomy, gave the best results. The patient's age has no prognostic value.

8) As regards functional meaning of the microscopic features of adrenals and ovaries some hypotheses are advanced in order to explain some histochemical pictures.

9) Hormonal dosages in urine and adrenal homogenate show a higher output of estrogens in the improved cases (67 γ/24 h in 9 improved patiens; 20 γ/24 h in 7 unimproved ones), and a probable correlation between thickness of reticularis and sex steroids amount of adrenals.
Sui Rapporti Tra Zymosan, Phopehdlna e Tumori
Authors: Modica F.
Published: April 2018

80 rats were given zymosan at different doses. The influence on the development and evolution of 3,4-benzpyrene tumour was studied. Small doses (1 mg/kg) of zymosan, administered before the carcinogenic treatment or even after the tumour occurrence, were found to prolonge the latency period of the neoplasm and the animals survival in comparison with animals treated with the carcinogenic hydrocarbon only. On the other hand, high doses (10 mg/kg) administered either before or after the tumour occurrence, were observed to induce a much more rapid development of the tumour and a diminution of the survival time, together with a more sensible decrease in weight.
Sui Rapporti Tra Zymosan, Properdina e Tumori
Authors: Modica F. , Fumarola D.
Published: April 2018

In albino rats bearing 3,4-benzpyrene sarcoma, the blood properdine level has been systematically studied at different times: before the administration of the carcinogenic hydrocarbon, during the latency period of the neoplasm, in the different stages following the cancer occurrence until the exitus of the experimented animals.

No significant changes could be observed during the latency period and within 5-10 days after the cancer occurrence, whereas a rapid and progressive decrease of the properdine level was later seen, until disappearance in the more advanced stages of the neoplasm.
Determinazione Dell'attivita’ Della β-Glicuronidasi Nel Siero di Sangue e Studio Del Suo Comportámento Nei Tumori Maligni Della Vescica
Authors: Mattea E. , Pietra E. , Viola M. R.
Published: April 2018

Earlier researches had confirmed the increased activity of the urinary beta-glucuronidase in patients with malignant tumours of the urinary bladder and the chronological priority of this phenomenon with respect to the possible neoplastic occurrence in benzidine workers. The present paper is concerned with the behaviour of the enzyme in the blood of patients bearing vesical tumour. Aim of the research was to establish at what level the increase of the beta-glucuronidase activity occurs. Results showed that also in blood serum the enzyme activity is usually increased with respect to normal. The degree and the frequency of the increase are, however, less significant than in urines; nevertheless, the increase of the enzyme activity in the cases of vesical tumours is to be considered of haematic origin.
Androgenuria Nel Cancro Della Prostata
Authors: Pilati A.
Published: April 2018

The excretion of urinary androgen has been determined in 21 cases of prostatic cancer before and after therapy with diethylstilbestrol. A considerable reduction was observed, thus showing that the hormonal therapy had reached the main scope of diminishing the androgenic production of the organism.
Osservazioni Anatomo-Microscopiche Sulla Vascolarizzazione Linfatica Del Fegato Con Metastasi da Carcinoma Primitivo Dello Stomaco
Authors: Di Muro G. F. , Righetti L.
Published: April 2018

5 anatomo-microscopical observations on the superficial and deep lymphatic vascularization of the liver in the presence of metastases from primary carcinoma of the stomach are reported.

On the basis of the exposed data it may be claimed that the superficial lymphatic network of the human liver in the presence of metastases from primary carcinoma of the stomach appears to be altered owing to the presence of new formed vessels of seemingly reactive nature. On the other hand, as concerns the deep lymphatic network in contact with the metastatic nodules, a slighter development in comparison with the normal is observed, with vessels of reduced diameter and a lack of continuity between metastatic nodule and adjacent tissues.
Studio Delle Sostanze di Origine Tumorale ad Azione Inibente Sulla Catalasi Epatica in Vivo
Authors: Ceriotti G. , Spandrio L. , Agradi A.
Published: April 2018

As an introduction to a series of papers on tumor substances inhibiting the activity of liver catalase, a critical review of the present situation of the general problem about the inhibition of this enzyme in tumor-bearing organisms is outlined. Data from researches carried out in order to determine the nature of the inhibitors are then exposed. « Toxohormone » was prepared from, human and experimental tumors and from ascitic fluids. It has been observed that, by the methods usually employed for such preparation, the 90–95 percent of the activity is lost.

Active, very heterogeneous fractions were obtained, by solvent extraction, from « toxohormone ». A globulin fraction from ascitic fluid proved very active; « toxohormone » was prepared also from this fraction but with a loss of 95 percent of the original activity. It is concluded that at least two categories of inhibitors exist, one of proteic nature, and one probably derived from the first, of low molecular weight. For the investigation of such substances, methods less damaging than those employed for « toxohormone » are necessary.
Comportamento di Alcune Attivita’ Enzimatiche Glicolitiche ed Aminoferasiche Nel Siero e Nei Tessuti di Animali Trattati Con 6-Aminonicotamide
Authors: Esposito S. , Petronio L.
Published: April 2018

The action exerted by the 6-aminonicotamide (an antivitamine considered as a possible antitumoral drug) on some biochemical processes of the cell has been studied. Results are exposed, which demonstrate that the 6-aminonicotamide is able to produce an elective denaturation at the level of some enzyme activities which are involved in glycolytic processes. The enzymatic impoverishment brought about by this substance was found to be especially marked in the spleen tissue. This finding is a further demonstration of the elective antilymphatic activity characteristic of this antivitamine.
Aspetti Morfologici e Citochimici Dei Granuloblasti Midollari Irradiati in Vivo: Le Cellule Megamieloidi
Authors: Belloni F. , Verga L.
Published: April 2018

The DNA modifications in medullary granuloblasts have been studied as « direct » effect as well as « indirect » or late effect of X-rays. For the purpose rabbits have been irradiated « in toto » after lead screening of two limbs. The modifications, consisting in a DNA increase, are cytologically expressed in the formation of giant cells, and have been obtained both as direct and indirect effect of X-rays.

These results, if considered as a biochemical and cytologic aspect of the carcinogenic action of radiation, constitute an experimental demonstration that this carcinogenic action must be looked upon also as an « indirect » or « late » effect.
Tumori Della Gabbia Toracica
Authors: Bucalossi P. , Di Pietro S. , Rock T.
Published: April 2018

The pathological and clinical problems related to the tumours of the thoracic bones are surveyed. 34 cases of such tumours (27 of the ribs and 7 of the sternum) observed at the Cancer Institute of Milan are reported. These tumours are nearly always of malignant type, and the chondromatous forms are prevailing in the ribs whereas plasmocytomas are more frequent at the level of the sternum. Symptomatology is often moderate also in very malignant lesions, and in many cases a precise diagnosis is possible only after histological examination.

The therapy of choice is the surgical treatment and consists in wide removal of the affected rib, and often also of the adjoining ones with the intervening tissues. Suitable repairs of the residual gap are necessary in order to maintain the function of the thoracic wall.

Radiotherapy must be confined to ablastic tumours and reticulosarcomas, to all cases non susceptible of radical treatment and to recurrencies from previous interventions.
Telecobaltoterapia Dei Tumori Vescicali: Considerazioni Pratiche
Authors: Buraggi G. L. , Carnevali G. , Felci U. , Roncoroni L.
Published: April 2018

The various radiotherapeutical techniques employed in the cancer of the urinary bladder are mentioned. Particular account is given to the telecobaltotherapy and the experience made at the Cancer Institute of Milan during the last 18 months is reported.

The need for the radiotherapist of a careful evaluation of the morbid process is emphasized, especially with concern to the degree of the wall infiltration, and to the extravesical spreading; therefore, urographic, cystographic and peripneumocystographic examinations are advised besides the clinical, cystoscopical and laboratory investigations.

The telecobaltotherapy of the vesical cancer is essentially based upon two irradiation techniques. In the cases with spreading of the tumour beyond the organ wall, stationary field therapy is employed, with a palliative scope; the focus dosis does not overcome the 4,500 r. On the other hand, in cases in which the tumour is supposed to be contained within the bladder wall, a wide (280°) pendulum therapy is preferred, which allows the concentration of a high dose (6,000 r about) on the region including the empty urinary bladder and the pericystium.
Studio Delle Sostanze Tumoral1 Ad Azione Inibente Sulla Catalasi Epatica « in Vivo » : Nota n. 2 Impiego Dei Liquidi Ascitici Per Lo Studio Delle Sostanze Inibenti La Catalasi
Authors: Ceriotti G. , Spandrio L. , Agradi A.
Published: April 2018

Tumoral and non-tumoral ascitic fluids, subcutaneously or endoperitoneally injected (2 ml) in normal mice, produce a significant decrease of the liver catalase activity. The only negative results were observed with a liquid from a tubercular pleurisy and another one from cardiocirculatory decompensation.

After adsorption of the ascitic liquids on tricalcic phosphate gel, made old or suitably treated, the supernatant exerts, at the same dose, an inhibiting power on liver catalase which is higher than that of the original liquid. Such phenomenon is of difficult interpretation. The inhibiting activity appears to be clearly increased even after prolonged stay at low temperature (–-15 °C).
Esame Morfologico Ed Istochimico Della Cute Di Ratto Dagli Ultimi Stadi Dello Sviluppo Embrionale Alla Vecchiaia, Con Speciale Riferimento Alle Relazioni Tra Epidermide E Derma. Analogie Tra La Cute Del Neonato E La Cute Durante Le Prime Fasi Dell'Oncogenesi
Authors: Maltoni C. , Prodi G.
Published: April 2018

Dermal changes of rat skin have been studied from the last stages of the fetal development up to old age. They have been related to the development of skin epithelial adnexa.

The dermis evolves with the age from an immature, loose and highly cellular connective tissue to a fibrous tissue, through a series of changes affecting the cells and the structurally organized and structureless extracellular component. The histochemical changes of the extracellular structures have been described in relation to the morphological changes. The mucopolysaccharides behaviour has been also described. The evolution of the dermis proceeds from the innermost layers to the superficial ones.

At the stage of formation of the epithelial buds which penetrate the underlying dermis to constitute the future skin adnexa, the dermis is loose and, at the level of the proliferating pole of the epithelial buds, the basal membrane and the cellular barrier formed by fibroblasts and fibrocites are lacking. The epithelial proliferation appears to be stopped in the depth by the dermis which becomes gradually fibrous. Around the established cutaneous adnexa, the basal membrane and the cellular barrier become continuous.

The above data have been related to the dermal changes occurring during epithelial proliferation due to local treatment with irritating and with carcinogenic substances. They are interpreted in the light of the hypothesis concerned with the importance of the connective changes in the various types of cell growth.
Osservazioni Sul Comportamento Dell'Attivita’ Fosfoglicomutasica Eritrocitaria in Pazienti Affetti Da Neoplasie e Da Emopatie Maligne
Authors: Coltorti M. , Di Simone A. , Budillon G.
Published: April 2018

The erithrocitary phosphoglucomutase activity has been studied in 202 subjects: 42 healthy, 72 affected with non tumoral and non hematologic diseases, 88 with malignant tumours of varius type. The phosphoglucomutase activity was found to be, in the 83 per cent of the cancer patients, clearly above the standard deviation limit of the normal and non cancerous patients.

It may be admitted that such increase represents one of the many metabolic alterations of the organism affected by cancer.
Comportamento Di Alcuni Enzimi Serici Durante Il Trattamento Con Au198 Nelle Neoplasie Genitali
Authors: Samuel S. , Lorenzoni L.
Published: April 2018

Researches have been extended to the general reactivity of the organism against the radiating attack of the radioactive gold. The behaviour of some enzymes –- glutamico-oxalacetic transaminase, piruvic transaminase, aldolase, alcaline and acid phosphatase –- has been studied. In those cases in which the radioactive material has been intraperitoneally introduced the observations, carried out from 3 to 6 days after the introduction of the radio-gold, showed an increased aldolase level and a modification of the SGOT/SGPT ratio consisting in a fall under basal values. No fosfatase changes have been observed. The data obtained, in accordance with those from the literature, suggest an impairment of the liver cell, presumably due to the action of the Au198. An intensive hepato-protective therapy is so advised in all subjects requiring such radiating therapy through intraperitoneal route. The intratissural introduction of the Au198 does not seem to cause hepatic reactions, probably because the transport function is less rapid and the potentiality of the radioactive material is exhausted within the tumor site.
Hyperplastic and Early Neoplastic Lesions of the Liver in Rats of Varying Ages with Dietary-Induced Cirrhosis
Authors: Reuber Melvin D.
Published: April 2018

Inbred Buffalo male and female rats, 4-, 8-, 12-, 24-, and 52-weeks old, ingested a high fat, low protein and choline deficient diet. Preneoplastic and early neoplastic lesions of the parenchymal cells, as well as cirrhosis, developed in the liver. Hyperplastic lesions generally were observed more often in male animals and in younger animals. The hyperplastic lesions, developing in the periportal regions, were similar histologically and with regard to age and sex to lesions demonstrated as precarcinogenic in animals given chemical carcinogens.
Adrenalectomy for Disseminated Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: Catania Vinicio Carmelo , Pizzocaro Giorgio
Published: April 2018

191 patients with advanced breast cancer were subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy at the National Cancer Institute of Milan during the 13 years 1955 to 1967. The only criterion for selection was that patients should be acceptable surgical risks. 18 patients died in the 30 days following surgery, giving a mortality rate of 9.4%. Out of the 157 patients available for statistical evaluation, 66 (42%) responded favourably to adrenalectomy. Remissions from 6 months to 10 years were obtained, with a median duration of 18 months. The responders survived from 1 to 11 years, with a median of about 30 months. In 7 patients regression lasted more than 5 years and 10 patients survived longer. 19 patients (12 %) had subjective improvement with arrest of the disease for a median duration of 8 months and had a median survival of about 16 months. 72 patients did not respond to surgery, and they survived only about 5 months. In over 40 % of the patients subjected to both bilateral oophorectomy and adrenalectomy disease regressed only 22 % of patients subjected to bilateral oophorectomy, right adrenalectomy and implantation of the left adrenal in the spleen responded to treatment. Bilateral adrenalectomy alone, in patients post-menopausal more than 5 years, yielded the same results as combined oophorectomy and adrenalectomy. In pre-menopausal patients the regression rate and the length of remission were the same whether oophorectomy preceded adrenalectomy or whether the two operations were performed at the same time. Prognosis was not influenced by the physiological age of patients, though patients under 35 years of age responded less frequently to treatment. The best results were achieved in patients with a free interval longer than two years, in whom the disease was confined to soft tissues, bone and lung; in patients who responded well to previous oophorectomy or to hormonal treatment and, in post-menopausal patients, when a high cytological index was found in the vaginal smear. The histological pattern of the primary mammary carcinoma, the localisation of the disease to the ovaries or to the andrenals, the presence of cortical stromal hyperplasia in the ovary and the excretion of estrogens did not influence prognosis. Bilateral adrenalectomy and oophorectomy, like surgical hypophysectomy, is the most helpful treatment for disseminated mammary carcinoma and the sooner it is undertaken the greater is its efficacy.
Anatomoclinical Report on a Case of Pseudosarcomatous Proliferative Myositis
Authors: Filotico Marcello , Quarta Antonio P.
Published: April 2018

A case of pseudosarcomatous proliferative myositis of the left sartorius muscle in a 73-year-old patient is reported. This is the 42nd case of the disease in the world literature. The process is interpreted as a fibromatosis rich in myoblasts representing an attempt at regeneration of the muscle fibers.
Prolonged Coumadin Treatment as an Adjuvant to Surgery in an Experimental Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Agostino Domenico
Published: April 2018

The effect of prolonged Coumadin treatment of tumor cells and metastases was studied using an experimental colon carcinoma of the rat. In vivo Coumadin induced significant changes in the number of circulating tumor cells and in the formation of hepatic metastases. These metastases were reduced from 31 % of the control animals to 15% of the Coumadin treated group. Prothrombin time, although prolonged to approximately double control values, did not cause severe hemorrhage. No deaths were reported in the anticoagulated animals, although some oozing from the surgical wound was detected. This oozing subsided following termination of treatment with coumadin.
Tumors and Blood Groups
Authors: Gualandri Valter
Published: April 2018

The biometrical and biological aspects of phenotypical associations between blood groups and diseases are discussed with a brief historical reference to the work done in this field. The statistical methods for studying this subject are described in detail and the present status of knowledge of the associations between the ABO blood groups and tumors is outlined. Current hypotheses as to the biological significance of these associations are discussed with special reference to the immunological analogy hypothesis, taking into account the most recent findings on the distribution of group-specific substances in the organism.
Clinical Evaluation of High Weekly Intravenous Doses of Methotrexate in Advanced Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: de Palo Giuseppe M. , De Lena Mario , Molinari Roberto , Cunsolo Antonio , Monfardini Silvio , Di Pietro Sergio , Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

Methotrexate (MTX) was given by weekly rapid intravenous injections to 27 patients with inoperable oropharyngeal carcinoma. 9 cases were untreated while 18 had received radiotherapy or chemotherapy before administration of MTX. In 20 cases the dose was 40 mg/m2/week (patients over 50 years) and in 7 cases 60 mg/m2/week (table 1). In responsive patients, maintenance treatment was given at the dose of 15 mg/m2 every 4 days either orally or intramuscularly. 23 cases were adequately evaluable, i.e. they received treatment for a minimum of 3 weeks. Response to treatment was evaluated according to Karnofsky's scale. Considering only category 1 regressions, 11/16 (75%) patients adequately treated with 40 mg/m2 showed objective improvement and respectively 4/7 (57%) given 60 mg/m*. 8 out of 15 cases (41%) with category 1 response showed a regression greater than 50%. The mean duration of response for category 1 patients was 3.5 months, while the longest regression lasted 9 months (table 2). 18 patients had one or more side effects: 9 had oral lesions or gastroenteritis, 12 bone marrow depression, 3 hepatic and 1 renal toxicity. One patient died from hepatic and renal toxicity; in the remaining cases the side effects were quickly reversible (table 3). The percent regression rate for category 1 response and its average duration obtained with intravenous MTX seems comparable to intraarterial infusion (table 4). Systemic toxicity seems also comparable (table 5). Furthermore, intravenous administration obviates the typical local complications occurring with intra-arterial treatment and therapy can be given also at outpatients. For this reason, intravenous administration of MTX is preferred to intra-arterial infusion in the control of primary inoperable oropharyngeal carcinomas, provided no severe depression of liver, kidney and bone marrow is present.
Methods for the Study of Cell-Mediated Immunological Response against Human Tumor Cells Cultured in Vitro
Authors: Fossati Giuseppe , Colnaghi Maria I.
Published: April 2018

The technical details of two methods for measuring cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human tumor cells are described. The cytotoxic test in tissue culture microplates presents the advantage of using a low number of target and effector cells. The cytotoxic test with 51Cr allows a non subjective automatic reading. Both methods proved to be suitable to detect tumor specific antigens.
Radiotherapy of Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Crema Giovanni , Damascelli Bruno , Musumeci Renato , Uslenghi Carlo
Published: April 2018

This review series comprises 245 patients with soft tissue sarcomas of various sites and histologic types observed at this Institute between 1928 and 1966. 132 patients were men (54.2%) and 113 women (45.8%). Fibrosarcomas accounted for the largest number of cases (161 cases - 65.5%), followed by undifferentiated sarcomas (36 cases). Other histologic types accounted for a smaller number of cases. As to the site of the primary tumor, the lower limbs accounted for 32.2% and the abdomen for 26.5% of the cases. 152 of the 245 patients attended for the first time and 93 presented recurrences of the tumor sometime after receiving surgical treatment and/or radiotherapy elsewhere. 159/245 cases were subjected at this Institute to designedly radical surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy by various techniques. In the remaining 86 cases, in which surgery was either not indicated or not possible because of the patients’ local or general condition, radiotherapy only was given, where possible curative. Radium was used in 97 cases almost always as complementary treatment in superficial tumors that had developed mainly towards the surface and been removed surgically either radically or as radically as conditions allowed. The therapeutic techniques and results are discussed in relation to patient survival by histologic type and to failures and recurrences.
The Cell Proliferation Kinetics of Sarcoma 180 (Ascites)
Authors: Silvestrini Rossella , Lenaz Luigi
Published: April 2018

The kinetic parameters of a 5-day growth of sarcoma 180 (ascites) have been determined, using both the labelled mitosis method after pulse labelling with 3H thymidine and the 3H and 14C thymidine double labelling technic. The two methods yielded reproducible results, labelling index 73 %; duration of the period of DNA synthesis (S phase) 13 hours (13.5 from double labelling: technic mitosis 0.24 (0.34) hours; G1 + G2 5.3 (4.76) hours; Te 18.5 (18.6) hours. The growth fraction obtained after repeated 3H thymidine injections was 0.95 and as calculated from the other kinetic parameters 0.98.
Considerations on the Prognosis of Bilateral Breast Cancer
Authors: Salvadori Bruno , Zanolla Rita , De Palo Giuseppe Maria , Galante Emanuele
Published: April 2018

Bilateral breast cancer accounts for 3.1% of 3272 cases of malignant breast tumors observed during the period 1956–1965. Of the 104 cases of bilateral cancer selected 12 were synchronous and 92 asynchronous. The treatment was radical mastectomy, followed by radiotherapy in cases with metastatic involvement of the axillary lymph-nodes: in 6 cases not amenable to radical surgery the treatment was tumorectomy plus radiotherapy. As to the 12 patients with synchronous bilateral cancer 6 were alive and free of disease 5 years after the treatment: only 1 case was alive after 10 years. The median survival figure was 7.3 years. For the 92 patients treated for successive bilateral cancer the 5- and 10-year survival rate was 78.5% and 64.5% when calculated from the observation of the first tumor: the correspondent figures calculated from the observation of the second tumor were 48.5% and 33% respectively. The median survival figure was 12.7 and 4.8 years respectively. Survival rates for successive bilateral cancer must be calculated from the observation of the second tumor in order to avoid misleading evaluations: the authors do not consider that bilateral cancer has a prognosis similar or even better than unilateral breast cancer. As to treatment, although there are no unequivocal criteria for regarding bilateral cancer as independent tumors, bilateral radical mastectomy is justified and is the treatment of choice.
Effects of a Single Dose of Rabbit Anti-mouse Lymphocyte Serum on Tumors Induced in Mice by 7,12-Dimethylbenz (a) anthracene Given at Birth
Authors: Baroni Carlo D. , Mingazzini Pietro , Pesando Paolo , Cavallero Anna , Uccini Stefania , Scelsi Roberto
Published: April 2018

The effects of ALS (anti-lymphocyte serum) and NRS (normal rabbit serum) treatments on the development of malignant lymphoma, lung, subcutaneous and skin tumors induced in mice by 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) are described. Groups of Charles-River mice, injected at birth with a dose of 100 μg of DMBA, received a single injection of ALS or NRS at the same time as DMBA administration or 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after birth. Incidence, latency, histology and spread of the tumors were studied in all groups. It was found that both ALS and NRS increased tumor incidence and shortened their latency period. Malignant lymphomas were the main tumors whose latency was shortened either by ALS or NRS treatment. In addition ALS treatment apparently increased dissemination of DMBA induced lymphoma in bone marrow.
Case of Autotransplanted Cutaneous Cancer in Man
Authors: Salvadori Bruno , Bandieramonte Gaetano , Galante Emanuele
Published: April 2018

A man of 25 years underwent surgical treatment for a recurrence of an undifferentiated skin carcinoma of the dorsal aspect of the right hand: fascia and muscles were infiltrated by the tumor and enlarged axillary nodes were palpable. The right forearm was amputated immediately under the elbow with axillary node dissection. The patient presented another cutaneous lesion of the abdominal skin, with the same histology at the site of a plastic operation previously performed, by the pocket-technique, for the same disease as that of the hand, at another hospital. The second tumor must be considered a true auto transplant: the case described leads to a brief discussion on tumoral auto-transplantations and some pratical implications of the problem.
Single Agent Sequential Chemotherapy in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas
Authors: Monfardini Silvio , Tancini Gabriele , Gasparini Marco , Pizzetti Federico , De Lena Mario , Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

A retrospective analysis of 118 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas who received one or more drugs of single agent chemotherapy was conducted to determine the relationship between the histopathologic category of lymphoma, based on the classification proposed by Rappaport et al., and the results (type of regression and survival) of sequential chemotherapy. In 96/118 cases, slides were available for histopathologic reclassification. Patients were selected according to the following criteria: chemotherapy with single agents administered in sequence (e.g. alkylating agents, vincristine, adriamycin, bleomycin); change in drug administration only after an adequate course and either no response or clinical resistance after prior regression; measurable disease; performance status greater than 40. Prior to chemotherapy 66 patients had diffuse (extranodal) disease, 39 adenopathies above and below the diaphragm, and 13 adenopathies only above or below the diaphragm. 49/118 patients were pretreated with radiotherapy. The data were most complete for alkylating agents which were administered as a single agent in 93 patients. Complete remission (CR) plus partial remission (PR) greater than 50% occurred in 39% of patients with lymphocytic lymphoma, in 39% with histiocytic and in 50% with mixed type lymphoma (table 4). This type of response was observed with all drugs in 70% of nodular lymphomas and in 36% of diffuse lymphomas (table 7). The overall response rate to adriamycin was 75% in nodular lymphomas, and 55% in diffuse lymphomas. These data were 40% and respectively 14% after treatment with bleomycin. Median survival of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was 16.2 months (fig. 1); median survival was 23.4 months for nodular lymphomas and 17.4 months for diffuse lymphomas (fig. 2). Among nodular lymphomas, no significant differences were observed between nodular histiocytic and nodular lymphocytic well differentiated (fig. 3). Diffuse lymphocytic well differentiated lymphomas showed better survival in comparison to diffuse lymphocytic poorly differentiated, diffuse histiocytic and diffuse undifferentiated types (fig. 4). Patients responding to 2 drugs or more showed a better median survival (66 months) than those responding only to one drug (22.4 months) and unresponsive patients (10.2 months) (fig. 5). This study confirms most of the data reported by the Stanford group and emphasizes the need to employ a more deteailed histopathologic classification such as that proposed by Rappaport et al. Although this retrospective analysis has a number of drawbacks, it does provide, in terms of survival, a measurable indication that the responsiveness to at least two drugs is associated with better survival in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas than little or no responsiveness.
Effect of Thio-TEPA on Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Luciani Luciano , de Palo Giuseppe Maria , Conti Umberta , Mattavelli Franco , Di Re Francesco
Published: April 2018

The effect of triethylene thiophosphoramide (Thio-TEPA), an alkylating agent structurally related to nitrogen mustard, has been described in 39 cases of very advanced ovarian carcinoma. Of the 39 cases treated, 21 had been previously treated and 18 were new cases. In the 39 cases, 42 cycles were evaluable (table 1). 8 cases showed a varying degree of improvement. Marked regression of growth and improvement of symptoms (regression exceeding 50%) was achieved in 7 cases (table 1). Regression of less than 50 % was achieved in 1 case (table 1). The clinical regression is only temporary. A high percentage of cases had side-effects. Of the 42 evaluable, 29 (69%) had one or more side-effects; particularly 28 showed leukopenia, 11 trombocytopenia, 13 anemia and 3 oral or gastrointestinal toxicity (table 2). In conclusion the therapeutic value of Thio-TEPA in ovarian cancer is small. A review of the literature has not shown that other drugs offer longer survival. The control of advanced disease can reasonably be more optimistic when randomized, prospective, clinical trials are performed. A plan for investigation in this direction is in preparation.
Oncogenicity of Immune Lymphoid Cells from MSV-M Regressors
Authors: Giuliani Fernando , Soranzo Carla , Casazza Anna Maria , Di Marco Aurelio
Published: April 2018

Lymphoid cells obtained from spleen and lymphnodes of mice in which the sarcoma induced by the Murine Sarcoma Virus-Moloney (MSV-M) has regressed (MSV-M regressors) inhibit MSV-M oncogenesis and induce MSV-M tumor regression in mice in which, because of immunodepressive treatments, the tumor would grow until the mice died (progressors). On the other hand, MSV-M was detected in the spleen of MSV-M infected mice, immediately after the infection or later on both in regressors and progressors. These data suggest that immune lymphoid cells from MSV-M regressors carry MSV-M. Immune lymphoid cells harvested 24 days after the infection from BALB/c MSV-M regressors were therefore injected i.p. into syngeneic mice. In three separate experiments, 26/33 injected mice died (from 40 to 102 days after the injection); tumors were present in 92 % of the examined mice. These tumors were found in various sites, and were histologically similar to the MSV-M induced rhabdomyosarcoma. Sarcoma virus was recovered from immune lymphoid cell extracts, and from the tumors induced in vivo by immune lymphoid cells. The virus isolated is capable of inducing sarcomas in mice and foci of cell transformation on mouse embryo cell cultures.
Lysozyme Evaluation in Myeloma
Authors: Liso Vincenzo , Troccoli Giuseppe , Grande Mario
Published: April 2018

Lysozyme (serum and urinary) estimations are useful in classifying many hemapoietic disorders (acute myeloid leukemia), in assessing the degree of therapeutic remission and in evaluating certain renal diseases (tubular damage). Renal involvement is a frequent finding in multiple myeloma and so lysozyme studies in this hemapoietic disease are of particular interest. Serum and urine lysozyme levels were measured in ten patients with multiple myeloma. The (turbidimetric) assays of this enzyme are based on its ability to hydrolyze the cell wall of Micrococcus Lysodeictus (spectrophotometric measurement). In normal adults the concentration of lysozyme in serum is 9.2 + 3.46 μg/ml and there is no detectable lysozyme in normal urine. The lysozymuria has been considered in connection with serum levels of the enzyme and with Bence-Jones proteinuria. Our preliminary observations show that 1) Bence-Jones proteinuria is always accompanied by lysozymuria (although normal lysozyme serum levels are found), while 2) high levels of urine lysozyme may be present with no detectable Bence-Jones proteinuria.
Adriamycin plus Cyclophosphamide in Advanced Bronchial Carcinoma
Authors: Tancini Gabriele , Marchini Silvana
Published: April 2018

Adriamycin (40 mg/m2 i.v., on day 1) plus cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2 orally, day 1 to 5) were given to 23 patients with advanced lung cancer. Administration cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. No patient had been previously treated with chemotherapy, 5 received prior radiotherapy. Objective improvement was observed in 7 patients, partial remission was observed in 3. The median duration of response was 2 months.
Biological Properties of Cell Lines Derived from Moloney Virus-Induced Sarcoma
Authors: Di Marco Aurelio , Dasdia Teresa , Giuliani Fernando , Necco Anna , Casazza Anna Maria , Mora Peter T. , Luborsky Samuel W. , Waters L.
Published: April 2018

Two cell lines derived from a primary MSV-M-induced tumor in a BALB/c mouse were studied. One line (MS-2) was subject only to continuous tissue culture transfer (tct). After 21 tct, MS-2 cells produced progressive tumors (MS-2 tumors) in syngeneic hosts. The second cell line (MS-2T) was established by cultivation of a MS-2 tumor. The ability to produce progressive tumors decreased with increased number of tct, in both cell lines. The virus content of MS-2 and MS-2T cells was very low, as shown by uridine incorporation and electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence tests demonstrated that antigens different from the viral MSV-M antigens were present on the cell lines, and that antigenic changes occurred with increased number of tct. Serum of mice bearing progressive MS-2 tumors reacted with MS-2T cells when these cells produced progressive tumors and did not react with MS-2 cells when they produced regressing tumors. MS-2 cells producing regressing tumors reacted with serum from mice in which the MS-2 tumor had regressed and with serum from mice immunized with MS-2T cells at late tct when they were poorly oncogenic. The antigenic changes seemed, therefore, to parallel the decrease of malignancy. A chromosomal analysis carried out on MS-2 and MS-2T cells, when both produced progressive tumors, showed a modal number of 48 and 44, respectively. MS-2T cells showed a large acrocentric chromosome. In contrast, the MS-2 cells at late tct, when they gave regressing tumors, showed a modal number of 60 and a wide range of distribution of chromosome number.
Controlled Pilot Study with Combination Chemotherapy in Testicular Carcinomas
Authors: Monfardini Silvio , Fossati Vittorio , Pizzocaro Giorgio , Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

In 24 previously untreated patients with advanced testicular carcinoma, the combination of adriamycin, vincristine and methotrexate (AVM) was tested in a prospective randomized study against a combination of non-cross resistant drugs including vinblastine, bleomycin and mithramycin (VBM). Complete and partial (> 50 %) remission was observed in 4 out of 13 patients treated with AVM and in 3 out of 11 given VBM. In one patient receiving AVM and in two patients treated with VBM, the response at the level of previous inoperable retroperitoneal metastatic lymph nodes allowed a subsequent radical lymph node dissection. After cross-over a partial response for 6 months was obtained in only one patient treated with VBM while none was observed in 4 patients receiving AVM. Both combinations were well tolerated. However, their therapeutic activity seems to be definitely lower with respect to treatment with vinblastine followed by continuous infusion with bleomycin.
Polichemotherapy of Advanced Head and Neck Malignancies
Authors: Fazio Massimo , Cavallero Pietro , Minetto Ezio , Rattalino Pier Giorgio , Sartoris Silvio
Published: April 2018

The favorable results obtained by other authors with polichemotherapy encouraged us to employ therapeutic scheme using a combination of 4 drugs. Treatment envolved the administration of 300 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide, 350 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil, 10 mg/m2 methotrexate i.v. on alternate days 6–8 times, and 15 mg bleomycin on alternate days until a total dose of 150–200 mg is reached. Thirty-five out of 37 patients treated with this protocol (30 previously treated and 5 not) qualified for analysis; the site of the neoplasm, mostly squamous cell carcinoma, was different; for the most part it was in the larynx (18/35) and the oral cavity (10/35). Complete remission was achieved in 9/35 patients (25.7%), varying from 5 to 33 months (median 22); partial remission was achieved in 15/35 cases (42.8%), varying from 1 to 14 months (median 3); and there was no success in 11/35 cases (31.5%). Overall, a total remission > 50 % was observed in 24/35 patients (68.5 %). The most serious side effects both ascribed to BLM were observed in the central nervous system (increasing drowsiness and coma) and the lung. This study has shown that in the ultra head and neck malignancies medical treatment can achieve satisfactory results.
Herpes Simplex Virus Nuclear Nonvirion Antigens Detected by Anticomplement Immunofluorescence
Authors: Tarro Giulio , Giordano Giovan Giacomo , Tripodi Armando , Cerra Romolo , Di Gioia Mario , Battista Antonio , Smeraglia Riccardo
Published: April 2018

The finding of a nuclear antigen by anticomplement immunofluorescence in cells treated with cytosine-arabinoside after infection of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), opens a new approach to the problem of the role of this virus in certain human cancers. Complement-fixing tests of HSV markers with cancer and control human sera as well as with hyperimmune guinea pig antisera are discussed, suggesting another parameter for studies of squamous cell carcinomas. The finding of HSV antigens in selected tumors as the expression of repressed viral genome proves a continuing release of virus specific message and supports the important role of the virus in the development of the tumor.