bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management and outcomes of Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Africa: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Kyaruzi Victor M , Takoutsing Berjo , Dongmo Astel , Yankey Michael Nana Yaw , Mbozoo Yvanah Owoundi , Kengo Nathan Ezie , Fodop Samuel , Younwi Mingo Naomi , Foyenka Evert , Foka Tcheutchoua Kathy , Motah Yab Parfait , Oluwamayowa Opara , Nchufor Roland , Onana Yannick , Ngaroua  , Bikono Atangana Ernestine Renee , Esene Ignatius
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition characterised by the accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane. It has a significant prevalence and high mortality. Over the years, the management of cSDH has been extensively studied in high-income countries. On the other hand, Africa, which is faced with a significant neurosurgical care deficit, lacks aggregate data on the management strategies and outcomes on cSDH on this continent. This protocol aims to guide the scoping review of published studies investigating the characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes of cSDH in Africa. Methods and Analysis: The scoping review protocol for the proposed study is in accordance with the Arksey and O Malleys framework. The objectives, eligibility criteria and search strategy were developed based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome framework. A comprehensive search will be conducted in electronic databases, including MEDLine, African Index Medicus, PubMed, Embase, African Journals Online, and Scopus to identify relevant studies. Only peer-reviewed publications with primary data reporting on the management of cSDH in the African human population will be included. Extracted data from included articles will be presented as descriptive statistics, pooled statistics, and a narrative description where deemed necessary. Ethics and dissemination: Given the non-direct involvement of human individuals, ethical approval will not be necessary. Dissemination strategies will include publication in a peer-reviewed journal, oral and poster presentations at conferences and promotion over social media.
Enteral immunization with live bacteria reprograms innate immune cells and protects neonatal foals from pneumonia
Authors: da Silveira Bibiana Petri , Kahn Susanne K. , Legere Rebecca M. , Bray Jocelyne M. , Cole-Pfeiffer Hannah M. , Golding Michael C. , Cohen Noah D. , Bordin Angela I.
Published: February 2024

Neonatal immunization faces several challenges due to the immune system's immaturity and naivety, and several vaccines that induce adequate immune response in adults fail to protect neonates. Using a horse foal model, we show that enteral administration of Rhodococcus equi to newborn foals overcomes neonatal vaccination challenges by reprogramming innate immune responses, inducing R. equi-specific adaptive humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and protecting foals against experimental pneumonia challenge. Immunized foals exhibit changes in the epigenetic profile of blood monocytes, >1,000 differentially-expressed genes in neutrophils, and higher levels of R. equi-specific IgG1, IgG4/7, and T helper type 1 response. Together, our data indicate that early life exposure to R. equi in the gastrointestinal tract can induce enhanced innate immune responses, which may facilitate the development of adaptive immune responses and protect neonates against pneumonia through a previously unappreciated gut-lung axis.
Large-scale visualisation of α-synuclein oligomers in Parkinson's disease brain tissue
Authors: Andrews Rebecca , Fu Bin , Toomey Christina E. , Breiter Jonathan C. , Lachica Joanne , Tian Ru , Beckwith Joseph S. , Needham Lisa-Maria , Chant Gregory J. , Loiseau Camille , Deconfin Angèle , Baspin Kenza , Magill Peter J. , Jaunmuktane Zane , Freeman Oliver J. , Taylor Benjamin J.M. , Hardy John , Lashley Tammaryn , Ryten Mina , Vendruscolo Michele , Wood Nicholas W. , Weiss Lucien E. , Gandhi Sonia , Lee Steven F.
Published: February 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition characterised by the presence in the brain of large intraneuronal aggregates, known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, containing fibrillar α-synuclein. According to the amyloid hypothesis, these large end-stage species form from smaller soluble protein assemblies, often termed oligomers, which are proposed as early drivers of pathogenesis. To date, however, this hypothesis has remained controversial, at least in part because it has not been possible to directly visualise oligomeric aggregates in human brain tissue. Therefore, their presence, abundance and distributions have remained elusive. Here, we present ASA-PD (Advanced Sensing of Aggregates - Parkinson's Disease), an imaging method to generate large-scale α-synuclein oligomer maps in post-mortem human brain tissue. We combined autofluorescence suppression with single-molecule fluorescence methods, which together, enable the detection of nanoscale α-synuclein aggregates. To demonstrate the utility of this platform, we captured ~1.2 million oligomers from the anterior cingulate cortex in human post-mortem brain samples from PD and healthy control patients. Our data revealed a specific subpopulation of nanoscale oligomers that represent an early hallmark of the proteinopathy that underlies PD. We anticipate that quantitative information about oligomer distributions provided by ASA-PD will enable mechanistic studies to reveal the pathological processes caused by α-synuclein aggregation.
Fecal Virome Transplantation (FVT) from healthy humans remodels the gut bacteriome and virome and reduces metabolic syndrome in mice
Authors: Cervantes-Echeverria Melany J , Jimenez-Rico Marco Antonio , Manzo Rubiceli , Hernandez-Reyna Abigail , Cornejo-Granados Fernanda , Sanchez-Lopez Filiberto , Salazar-Leon Jonathan , Pedraza-Alva Gustavo , Perez-Martinez Leonor , Ochoa-Leyva Adrian
Published: February 2024

The gut microbiome regulates host processes, including metabolism, and comprises viruses, archaea, fungi, protists, and bacteria. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the bacterial components of the microbiome. This study conducted cross-infection experiments by fecal virome transplantation (FVT) to examine the impact of virus-like particles (VLPs) from normal-weight individuals on bacterial and virome diversity and metabolic changes in mice. We found that FVT significantly restored glucose tolerance in mice, even though they were maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD). Shotgun metagenomics and 16s profiling confirmed that FVT shifted gut bacterial and viral richness and diversity, resulting in several differentially abundant bacteria and phages. The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila decreased significantly after FVT, remained low until the end of the experiment (week 17), and correlated with a decreased glucose tolerance. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in Allobaculum and Coprococcus at weeks 10 and 17 post-FVT. The abundance of Allobaculum correlated with an increased glucose tolerance, indicating a beneficial hypoglycemic effect on the mice inoculated with VLPs. We also found an increased virome diversity at week 17, while richness was similar to the one before FVT. The study provides a proof of concept for the efficacy of FVT from human donors to mice, improving glucose tolerance by altering the gut microbiota and virome despite maintaining a HFD. Overall, our results suggest that trans-kingdom interactions between the virome and bacteriome from humans could be translated to mice as a study model.
DEAD-box ATPase Dbp2 mediates mRNA release after 3'-end formation
Authors: Aydin Ebru , Boehme Jacqueline , Keil Birte , Schreiner Silke , Zunar Bojan , Glatter Timo , Kilchert Cornelia
Published: February 2024

mRNA biogenesis in the eukaryotic nucleus is a highly complex process. The numerous RNA processing steps are tightly coordinated to ensure that only fully processed transcripts are released from chromatin for export from the nucleus. Here, we present the hypothesis that fission yeast Dbp2, a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) remodelling ATPase of the DEAD-box family, is the key enzyme in an RNP assembly checkpoint at the 3'-end of genes. We show that Dbp2 interacts with the cleavage and polyadenylation complex (CPAC) and localizes to cleavage bodies, which are enriched for 3'-end processing factors and proteins involved in nuclear RNA surveillance. Upon loss of Dbp2, 3'-processed, polyadenylated RNAs accumulate on chromatin and in cleavage bodies, and CPAC components are depleted from the soluble pool. Under these conditions, cells display an increased likelihood to skip polyadenylation sites and a delayed transcription termination, suggesting that levels of free CPAC components are insufficient to maintain normal levels of 3'-end processing. Our data support a model in which Dbp2 is the active component of an mRNP remodelling checkpoint that licenses RNA export and is coupled to CPAC release.
The evolution of 5'UTR length was shaped by natural selection for its functional impact on gene expression
Authors: Zhan Yu , Hu Zhenbin , Lu Zhaolian , Lin Zhenguo
Published: February 2024

The 5'UTR of mRNA transcripts differs in length by three orders of magnitude among genes within a eukaryotic genome. Many genes also generate transcript isoforms with heterogeneous lengths of 5'UTR by transcription from distantly located transcription start sites (TSSs). A null model was proposed that the diversification of 5'UTR length is largely stochastic attributing to random gain or loss of TSS and 5'UTR length evolved neutrally by genetic drift ("the null model"). Yet, multiple studies reported observations that are inconsistent with the null model. We conducted integrative analyses of multi-omics data to revisit the functional significance and evolution of 5'UTR length. Our results reveal a strong negative correlation between transcripts' 5'UTR lengths and their expression levels. Regulatory and evolutionary changes of 5'UTR lengths are also negatively associated with changes in expression levels. We proposed that the fixation of a 5'UTR length variant has been shaped by nature selection to better meet different expression demands among genes due to a negative impact of long 5'UTR on translation efficiency. As the expression demands are highly diverse among genes and dynamic in response to environmental changes, different lengths of 5'UTR were favored by natural selection during evolution, creating a highly diverse landscape of 5'UTR lengths. Our model improves understanding of the evolution of gene structure in eukaryotes, and supports that ATU might facilitate fine-tuning of gene expression outcome by producing different lengths of 5'UTR to adjust translation efficiency.
Postweaning development influences endogenous VPAC1 modulation of LTP induced by theta-burst stimulation: a link to maturation of the hippocampal GABAergic system?
Authors: Gil Marta , Caulino-Rocha Ana , Bento Marta , Rodrigues Nadia Carolina , Silva-Cruz Armando , Ribeiro Joaquim Alexandre , Cunha-reis Diana
Published: February 2024

Long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) undergoes postweaning developmental changes partially linked to GABAergic circuit maturation. Endogenous VIP acting on VPAC1 receptors strongly influences LTP induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS), an effect dependent on GABAergic transmission. Although VPAC1 receptor levels are developmentally regulated during embryogenesis, its variation along postweaning development is unknow, as is VPAC1 modulation of LTP or its relation to hippocampal GABAergic circuit maturation. As such, we investigated how VPAC1 modulation of LTP adjusts from weaning to adulthood along with GABAergic circuit maturation. As described, LTP induced by TBS (5x4) (5 bursts, 4 pulses delivered at 100Hz) was increasingly greater from weaning to adulthood. The influence of the VPAC1 receptor antagonist PG 97-269 (100nM) on TBS-induced LTP was much larger in juvenile (3-week-old) than in young-adult (6-7-week-old) or adult (12-week-old) rats. This effect was not associated to a developmental decrease in synaptic VPAC1 receptor levels. However, an increase in pre and post synaptic GABAergic synaptic markers, suggests an increase in the number of GABAergic synaptic contacts that is more prominent than the one observed in glutamatergic connections during this period. Conversely, endogenous VPAC2 receptor activation did not significantly influence of TBS-induced LTP. VPAC2 receptor levels enhance pronouncedly during postweaning development, but not at synaptic sites. Given the involvement of VIP interneurons in several aspects of hippocampal-dependent learning, neurodevelopmental disorders, and epilepsy, this could provide important insights into the role of VIP modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity during normal and altered brain development potentially contributing to epileptogenesis.
Transmission-blocking activity of artesunate, chloroquine and methylene blue onPlasmodium vivaxgametocytes
Authors: Chaumeau Victor , Wasisakun Praphan , Watson James A. , Oo Thidar , Aryalamloed Sarang , Sue Mu Phang , Htoo Gay Nay , Tha Naw Moo , Archusuksan Laypaw , Sawasdichai Sunisa , Gornsawun Gornpan , Mehra Somya , White Nicholas J. , Nosten François H.
Published: February 2024

Plasmodium vivaxis now the main cause of malaria outside Africa. The gametocytocidal effects of antimalarial drugs are important to reduce malaria transmissibility, particularly in low transmission settings, but they are not well characterized forP. vivax. The transmission-blocking effects of chloroquine, artesunate and methylene blue onP. vivaxgametocytes were assessed. Blood specimens were collected from patients presenting with vivax malaria, incubated with or without the tested drugs, and then fed to mosquitos from a laboratory-adapted colony ofAnopheles dirus(a major malaria vector in Southeast Asia). The effects on oocyst and sporozoite development were analyzed under a multi-level Bayesian model accounting for assay variability and the heterogeneity of mosquitoPlasmodium-infection. Artesunate and methylene blue, but not chloroquine, exhibited potent transmission-blocking effects. Gametocyte exposures to artesunate and methylene blue reduced the mean oocyst count 469 fold (95%CI: 345 to 650) and 1438 fold (95%CI: 970 to 2064) respectively. The corresponding estimates for the sporozoite stage were a 148 fold reduction (95%CI: 61 to 470) and a 536 fold reduction (95%CI: 246 to 1311) in the mean count, respectively. In contrast, high chloroquine exposures reduced the mean oocyst count by only 1.40 fold (95%CI: 1.20 to 1.64) and the mean sporozoite count 1.34 fold (95%CI: 1.12 to 1.66). This suggests that patients with vivax malaria often remain infectious to anopheline mosquitos after treatment with chloroquine. Immediate initiation of primaquine radical cure or use of artemisinin combination therapies would reduce the transmissibility ofP. vivaxinfections.
Vaginal lactobacilli produce anti-inflammatory beta-carboline compounds.
Authors: Webber Cecilia A , Glick Virginia J , Martin Morgan , Kim Cecilia , Ahmad Maryam , Simmons Lauren E , Bang Sunghee , Chao Michael C , Howard Nicole C , Fortune Sarah M , Beura Lalit K , Lee Seo Yoon , Clardy Jon , Kim Ki Hyun , Gopinath Smita
Published: February 2024

The vaginal microbiome is a lactobacilli-dominant, human-adapted community consistently found in people around the world. Presence of lactobacilli-dominant vaginal microbial communities, apart from Lactobacillus iners, is associated with reduced vaginal inflammation and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Loss of lactobacilli-dominance is associated with inflammatory conditions such as bacterial vaginosis. It remains unclear if health-associated lactobacilli actively promote the anti-inflammatory immune homeostasis of the vaginal mucosa and if so, by which mechanisms. We have identified that Lactobacillus crispatus, a key vaginal bacterial species, secretes a family of beta-carboline compounds with anti-inflammatory activity. These compounds suppress NFkappaB and interferon signaling downstream of multiple pattern recognition receptors in human macrophages and significantly dampen type I interferon receptor activation. Topical vaginal application of an anti-inflammatory beta-carboline compound, perlolyrine, was sufficient to significantly reduce vaginal inflammation in a mouse model of genital herpes infection. Together, we identify a key family of compounds by which vaginal lactobacilli mediate host immune homeostasis and could highlight a new therapeutic avenue for vaginal inflammation.
Delay of innate immune responses following influenza B virus infection affects the development of robust antibody response in ferrets
Authors: Rowe Thomas , Fletcher Ashley , Richardson Robert A , Lange Melissa , Sautto Giuseppe A , Kirchenbaum Greg A , Hatta Yasuko , Jasso Gabriela , Wentworth David E , Ross Ted M.
Published: February 2024

Due to its natural influenza susceptibility, clinical signs, transmission, and similar sialic acid residue distribution, the ferret is the primary animal model for human influenza research. Antibodies generated following infection of ferrets with human influenza viruses are used in surveillance to detect antigenic drift and cross-reactivity with vaccine viruses and circulating strains. Inoculation of ferrets, with over 1500 human clinical influenza isolates (1998-2019) resulted in lower antibody responses (HI<1:160) to 86% (387/448) influenza B viruses (IBV) compared to 2.7% (30/1094) influenza A viruses (IAV). In this directed analysis, we show that the immune responses in ferrets inoculated with IBV (B/Victoria or B/Yamagata lineage) were delayed and reduced compared to IAV (A/H1pdm09 or A/H3N2). Analysis of innate gene expression in the ferret upper respiratory tract and peripheral blood indicated that IAV generated a strong inflammatory response, including an early activation of the interferon (IFN) response; whereas IBV elicited a delayed and reduced response. Serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, and IFNs were all much higher following IAV-infection than IBV-infection in ferrets. Pro-Inflammatory (MCP-1, MIP-1B, TNFA), IFN (IFNB, IFNG), TH1/TH2 (IP-10, IL-2), and T-effector (IL-12p40) proteins were significantly higher in sera of IAV-infected than IBV-infected ferrets over twenty-eight days following challenge. Serum levels of Type-I/II/III IFNs were detected following IAV-infection throughout the 28-day period and Type-III IFN was only detected by day 28 for IBV. An early increase in IFN-lambda levels corresponded to gene expression following IAV-infection. Reduced innate immune responses detected following IBV-infection reflected the subsequent delayed and reduced serum antibodies. Differences in serum antibody responses by IBV were not observed in antibody secreting cells in the spleen or peripheral blood. These findings help in understanding the antibody responses in humans following IBV vaccination or infection and consideration of potential addition of innate immunomodulators to overcome low responses.
Biogenic nanoparticles from liquid and solid matrices: biochemical and biophysical properties of Extracellular Vesicles-enriched samples from human plasma and skeletal muscle tissue.
Authors: Mangolini Valentina , Radeghieri Annalisa , Piva Simone , Cattaneo Stefano , Brucale Marco , Valle Francesco , Balestri Arianna , Montis Costanza , Latronico Nicola , Bergese Paolo , Paolini Lucia
Published: February 2024

The majority of studies on extracellular vesicles (EVs) focused on samples isolated from liquid matrices, such as cell culture media and blood, due to their accessibility. However, recent research highlights the emerging roles of EVs derived from solid tissues, including the brain, muscles and tumors. Investigating EVs from the extracellular matrix of solid tissues offers insights into their microenvironment and potential biological influences on surrounding cells. This study presents a method for comparing EV-enriched samples from solid (human skeletal muscle biopsy) and liquid (plasma) matrices, addressing technical challenges and minimizing biases in separation techniques. By employing optimized protocols and advanced analytical techniques, the study reveals differences in biochemical composition, nanomechanical properties, particle yield, size distribution, and colloidal stability between human muscle and plasma EVs. Understanding these distinctions may contribute to the development of novel diagnostic assays for muscular pathologies and shed light on EVs' roles in diverse tissue environments.
Using cryo-EM to understand the assembly pathway of respiratory complex I
Authors: Laube Eike , Schiller Jonathan , Zickermann Volker , Vonck Janet
Published: February 2024

Complex I (proton-pumping NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the first component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In recent years, high-resolution cryo-EM studies of complex I from various species have greatly enhanced the understanding of the structure and function of this important membrane-protein complex. Less well studied is the structural basis of complex I biogenesis. The assembly of this complex of more than 40 subunits, encoded by nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, is an intricate process that requires at least 20 different assembly factors in humans. These are proteins that are transiently associated with building blocks of the complex and are involved in the assembly process, but are not part of mature complex I. Although the assembly pathways have been studied extensively, there is limited information on the structure and molecular function of the assembly factors. Here, the insights that have been gained into the assembly process using cryo-EM are reviewed.
“Fruit basket upset”: spatially explicit crop mixture responses to climatic and economic pressures
Authors: Robertson Richard , Petsakos Athanasios , Song Chun , Cenacchi Nicola , Gotor Elisabetta
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The choice of crops to produce at a location depends to a large degree on the climate. As the climate changes and food demand evolves, farmers may need to produce a different mix of crops. This study assesses how much cropland may be subject to such upheavals at the global scale, and then focuses on China as a case study to examine how spatial heterogeneity informs different contexts for adaptation within a country.

Design/methodology/approach

A global agricultural economic model is linked to a cropland allocation algorithm to generate maps of cropland distribution under historical and future conditions. The mix of crops at each location is examined to determine whether it is likely to experience a major shift.

Findings

Two-thirds of rainfed cropland and half of irrigated cropland are likely to experience substantial upheaval of some kind.

Originality/value

This analysis helps establish a global context for the local changes that producers might face under future climate and socioeconomic changes. The scale of the challenge means that the agricultural sector needs to prepare for these widespread and diverse upheavals.
Mediated crises and strategic crisis communication of third sector organizations: a content analysis of crisis reporting in six countries
Authors: Schwarz Andreas , Diers-Lawson Audra
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to contribute to strategic crisis communication research by exploring international media representations of third sector crises and crisis response; expanding the range of crisis types beyond transgressions; and developing a framework that integrates framing and crisis communication theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative content analysis was applied to identify patterns in crisis reporting of 18 news media outlets in Canada, Germany, India, Switzerland, UK and US. Using an inductive framing approach, crisis coverage of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) between 2015 and 2018 was analyzed across a wide range of crises, including but not limited to prominent cases such as Oxfam, Kids Company, or the Islamic Research Foundation.

Findings

The news media in six countries report more internal crises in the third sector than external crises. The most frequent crisis types were fraud and corruption, sexual violence/personal exploitation and attacks on organizations. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three components of crisis response strategies quoted in the media, conditional rebuild, defensive and justified denial strategies. Causal attributions and conditional rebuild strategies significantly influenced media evaluations of organizational crisis response. Three frames of third sector crises were detected; the critique, the damage and the victim frame. These frames emphasize different crisis types, causes, crisis response strategies and evaluations of crisis response.

Originality/value

The study reveals the particularities of crises and crisis communication in the third sector and identifies factors that influence mediated portrayals of crises and crisis response strategies of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) from an international comparative perspective. The findings have relevant implications for crisis communication theory and practice.
Nested insider-partial mediator: South Korea’s mediation in the US–DPRK crisis in 2017–2018
Authors: Schiff Amira
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of international crisis mediation by introducing and examining the nested insider-partial mediator (NIPM) concept, a nuanced perspective on IPM behavior. This study challenges the traditional view of effective mediators as external, unbiased entities by delving into the behavior and contribution of mediators who are deeply embedded in the conflict environment, such as South Korea’s unique position in navigating the US–DPRK crisis in 2017–2018. By analyzing South Korea’s dual role as mediator and negotiator and its employment of both nondirective and directive mediation strategies, the paper demonstrates the potential effectiveness of NIPMs in managing complex biases and contributing to de-escalation in intense crisis scenarios.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a focused single-case study approach to analyze South Korea’s role as an NIPM. Using a process-tracing methodology, it examines how contextual factors such as relationships, interests and inherent biases influenced South Korea’s mediation strategies in this complex geopolitical scenario. Empirical evidence was retrieved from public sources, including official statements and press interviews, providing an empirical foundation for understanding NIPM behavior. This approach facilitates a detailed study of South Korea’s unique mediation role within the intricate dynamics of the Korean Peninsula conflict.

Findings

The study’s findings illustrate the pivotal role NIPMs can play in complex international conflicts, underlining the significant potential of NIPMs in crisis prevention. The findings highlight South Korea’s adept navigation through intricate geopolitical dynamics, leveraging its unique insider position and established relationships with both the USA and North Korea. This behavior was instrumental in mitigating a potentially explosive situation, steering the crisis toward negotiation and de-escalation. The research underscores the effectiveness of the NIPM framework in understanding the nuanced behavior of mediators who are deeply integrated into multi-level conflicts, influenced by their connections, interests and inherent biases.

Originality/value

This research not only broadens the theoretical framework of insider-partial mediation by introducing the concept of NIPM, but also has practical implications for policymakers and practitioners in leveraging regional mediation strategies for international crisis mitigation. The study underscores the importance of mediators’ deep-rooted connections, biases and vested interests in influencing their mediation tactics, thus offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of international mediation in complex geopolitical conflicts.
Shared professional logics amongst managers and bureaucrats in Brazilian social security: a street-level mixed-methods study
Authors: de Andrade Luiz Henrique Alonso , Pekkola Elias
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This research addresses the professional logics of street-level managers (SLMs) and bureaucrats (SLBs) working in the Brazilian National Social Security Agency (INSS) through their perceptions of distributive justice and discretion. Since SLMs have the authority to influence SLBs' actions, we investigate whether these two groups hold similar viewpoints.

Design/methodology/approach

We integrate the administrative data and survey responses (n = 678) with earlier thematic content analysis (n = 350) in three stages: mean-testing, regression analyses and complementary qualitative analysis, integrated through a mixed-methods matrix.

Findings

Whilst no significant differences emerge in distributive justice ideas between groups, SLMs demand wider benefit-granting discretion, praising professionalism whilst adopting managerial posture and jargon.

Research limitations/implications

The study adds to the theoretical discussions concerning SLM’s influence on SLB’s decision-making, suggesting that other factors outweigh it. The finding concerning the managers’ demand for wider discretion asks for further in-depth approaches.

Practical implications

Findings supply valuable insights for policymakers and managers steering administrative reforms, by questioning whether some roles SLMs play are limited to symbolic levels. Further, SLBs’ heterogenous formations might be more relevant to policy divergence than managerial influence and perhaps an underutilised source of innovation.

Originality/value

By approaching street-level management professional logics within a Global South welfare state through a mixed-methods approach, this study offers a holistic understanding of complex dynamics, providing novel insights for public sector management.
Gender diversity and corporate financial distress in the Pakistan stock market: the interacting effect of family-controlled companies
Authors: Muien Hafiz Muhammad , Nordin Sabariah , Badru Bazeet Olayemi
Published: February 2024

Purpose

As the benefit of gender diversity continues to receive significant attention, a holistic investigation of its effect on corporate financial distress (CFD) is lacking. Therefore, this study examines the effects of board gender diversity, measured in different forms, such as the presence and proportion of female directors, family-affiliated female directors and the chief executive officer (CEO) gender, on CFD in Pakistan. The study also investigates the interacting effects of family-controlled (20 and 50% family-owned) companies on the association between board gender diversity and CFD.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applied the pooled cross-sectional logistic regression model to examine the effect of board gender diversity (presence and proportion of female directors, family-affiliated female directors and CEO gender) on CFD through a sample of 285 non-financial companies in Pakistan over the period of 2006–2017.

Findings

The results reveal that gender diversity on boards is significantly and negatively associated with CFD in Pakistan. In addition, when family ownership is 50% or more, the interacting effect of family control is found to be significant, while gender effects remain negative. The results suggest that female directors contribute to the long-term viability of companies, especially family-owned companies. Female directors are also found to be more prevalent in family-owned companies compared to their non-family counterparts.

Research limitations/implications

The findings imply that female directors may efficiently manage and control all functions necessary to guarantee the company's long-term prosperity. Similarly, gender effects can outweigh the detrimental impact of family control when female directors are in reasonable numbers and of high quality in the boardroom.

Practical implications

The practical relevance of the findings is that female directors play a significant role on the corporate board. Thus, it is a wakeup call for Pakistani companies to recognize the critical role and uniqueness of women on the corporate ladder. Family companies can also galvanize on the uniqueness of women to improve their governance structure.

Originality/value

This study adds to the literature on the benefits of gender diversity in family and non-family-owned companies. Specifically, this study applied multiple measures of gender diversity and family control in a single study. In addition, the study was conducted in a country that is ranked as the second worst country in the Global Gender Gap Index 2022, implying that investigating this type of research would go a long way towards changing the minds of corporate executives and regulators about the critical role that women can play in the economy.
Earnings predictability or truthfulness? Which one investors care more about
Authors: Fan Shihui , Zhou Yan
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of earnings predictability and truthfulness on nonprofessional investors’ investment willingness.

Design/methodology/approach

Earnings predictability is captured by quarterly earnings autocorrelation, and earnings truthfulness is indicated by real earnings management (REM). The average of investment attractiveness and willingness measures investment willingness. The authors use experiments to isolate the impact of quarterly earnings autocorrelation and REM on investors’ investment behaviors.

Findings

From the 2 × 2 design, the authors observe that investors weight more on earnings predictability than earnings truthfulness.

Research limitations/implications

The generalization of the findings may be constrained for the following reasons. First, the authors use only one proxy, REM, to measure earnings truthfulness. In addition, the authors provide the participants, Amazon Mechanical Turk, with earnings predictability. Results may no longer hold if each participant has different understanding and analysis of earnings predictability.

Practical implications

In periods of unprecedented and severe financial uncertainty (i.e. the COVID-19 pandemic), investors rely more on earnings predictability than on earnings truthfulness. The study assists managers to strategically emphasize the predictability of earnings to attract investors, especially when firms face financial challenges or uncertainty.

Social implications

This study contributes to understanding investor behavior and the critical role of earnings predictability and truthfulness in shaping investment decisions.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature of earnings properties in financial reporting, particularly by shedding light on the nuanced interplay between earnings predictability and earnings truthfulness. The research also demonstrates that elevated earnings autocorrelation indirectly stimulates investment willingness by enhancing the investors’ perception of earnings persistence of targeted firms.
Does supply chain analytics adoption impacts sustainable performance? A consideration of technophobia as an influencing factor
Authors: Lyu Xianwei , Dastane Omkar , He Xiaoguang
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Food SMEs is the backbone of local and world economy. Even while food SMEs are aware of the potential advantages of implementing supply chain analytics (SCA), only a small number of companies use data-based decision-making. This is because of technophobia. In light of this, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that have an impact on SCA adoption which in turn influence the sustainable performance of firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from 221 managers working in food-related SMEs in China by using a questionnaire-based survey. The framework of this study was validated using a rigorous statistical procedure using the technique, namely, partial least squares structural equation modelling.

Findings

The findings of this study suggest that all modified UTAUT components (i.e. performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and technophobia) significantly influence SCA adoption. Moreover, the existing study highlights and confirms the significance of adopting SCA to improve sustainable performance.

Originality/value

This research is novel, as it extends and investigates the theoretical framework based on UTAUT theory in SCA context and its impact on sustainable organizational performance. In addition, the factor of technophobia is tested in SCA context. This study has several contributory managerial implications for food SMEs.
Spatio-temporal analysis of urban expansion using remote sensing data and GIS for the sustainable management of urban land: the case of Burayu, Ethiopia
Authors: Talema Abebe Hambe , Nigusie Wubshet Berhanu
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the horizontal expansion of Burayu Town between 1990 and 2020. The study typically acts as a baseline for integrated spatial planning in small- and medium-sized towns, which will help to plan sustainable utilization of land.

Design/methodology/approach

Landsat5-TM, Landsat7 ETM+, Landsat5 TM and Landsat8 OLI were used in the study, along with other auxiliary data. The LULC map classifications were generated using the Random Forest Package from the Comprehensive R Archive Network. Post-classification, spatial metrics, and per capita land consumption rate were used to understand the manner and rate of expansion of Burayu Town. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were also used to validate land use classes through triangulation.

Findings

The study found that the built-up area was the most dynamic LULC category (85.1%) as it increased by over 4,000 ha between 1990 and 2020. Furthermore, population increase did not result in density increase as per capita land consumption increased from 0.024 to 0.040 during the same period.

Research limitations/implications

As a result of financial limitations, there were no high-resolution satellite images available, making it challenging to pinpoint the truth as it is on the ground. Including senior citizens in the study region allowed this study to overcome these restrictions and detect every type of land use and cover.

Practical implications

Data on urban growth are useful for planning land uses, estimating growth rates and advising the government on how best to use land. This can be achieved by monitoring and reviewing development plans using satellite imaging data and GIS tools.

Originality/value

The use of Random Forest for image classification and the employment of local knowledge to validate the accuracy of land cover classification is a novel approach to properly customize remote sensing applications.
Effect of teaching strategies on students’ German writing skills at Saudi international schools
Authors: Bin Saran Abdullah Abdulmahsan
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The global prominence of languages and Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, which supports the necessity of German proficiency for the nation’s socioeconomic evolution, necessitate a deeper understanding of German teaching in Saudi international schools. This study delves into the influence of various teaching strategies on students' German writing skills. The research particularly focuses on traditional and innovative methods and considers the factors that drive these teaching approaches.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 304 students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, through a questionnaire. The relationships between teaching strategies and students' German writing abilities were analyzed using regression techniques.

Findings

The results indicate that both traditional and innovative teaching strategies positively influence students' writing skills. The regression analysis shows that the independent variables (traditional teaching strategies, innovative teaching strategies and factors influencing teaching strategies) collectively account for 68.9% of the variation in students' German writing skills. Even though a variety of techniques influence students' academic performance, the study’s findings indicate that several strategies – such as self-evaluation, pair work, oral feedback, grammar instruction and translation – have a major impact on students' German writing abilities.

Originality/value

This research brings unique insights into the German teaching realm of Saudi international schools, emphasizing the harmony between Vision 2030 goals and effective teaching methodologies. It elucidates the considerable influence of both traditional and innovative strategies on student writing outcomes. For educators in Saudi Arabia’s international educational environment, the study’s findings underline the importance of adopting student-centric approaches in the writing process, ensuring students evolve as proficient writers. Additionally, the research underscores the significant role of variables affecting teaching strategies, spotlighting their pivotal role in shaping student outcomes.
It brought us closer: How couples in the United States with children diagnosed with ASC create and maintain relationship functioning
Authors: Romney Justin S. , Austin Kelsey L. , Fife Stephen T. , Montgomery Allison L.
Published: February 2024

Couples raising a child diagnosed with autism spectrum condition (ASC) experience unique challenges that can affect their relationship. This grounded theory study explores how couples maintain functioning in their relationship despite ongoing stressors related to raising a child on the spectrum. The presented model shows what couples can do to create and maintain their relationship functioning. It utilises four major themes developed from our analysis of interviews with 19 couples in the United States with a child diagnosed with ASC. This study increases understanding of couple functioning when raising a child on the spectrum. The grounded theory defines couple functioning for couples with a child diagnosed with ASC as balancing four mutually influential themes: togetherness, adaptability, resilience and communication. We also discuss clinical implications for systemic therapists to work with couples with a child diagnosed with ASC effectively.
Anxiety and Post‐Authoritarian Societies: Insights from 1980s Greece
Authors: ZESTANAKIS PANAGIOTIS
Published: February 2024

This article discusses anxiety as an analytical and methodological concept in the investigation of post‐authoritarian societies, drawing on three well‐being‐focused anxieties that marked Greece in the 1980s: first, the degradation of the urban environment, especially in Athens; second, the technologisation of everyday life, most notably the popularisation of information technology; and third, the impact of novel, consumption‐focused media, particularly lifestyle magazines. The analysis distinguishes anxiety from fear and argues that fear is commoner in authoritarian regimes than in new democracies, which often experience optimism and cultural pluralism. These conditions foster anxieties related to well‐being. By exploring a juncture at which moderate economic progress coincided with democratisation and closer contact with Western Europe, the article argues that anxiety is a productive tool for examining the emotional impact of mild perceived threats to well‐being in societies characterised by relatively calm life conditions.
3D/4D printed super reconstructed foods: Characteristics, research progress, and prospects
Authors: Shi Hao , Zhang Min , Mujumdar Arun S.
Published: February 2024

Super reconstructed foods (SRFs) have characteristics beyond those of real system in terms of nutrition, texture, appearance, and other properties. As 3D/4D food printing technology continues to be improved in recent years, this layered manufacturing/additive manufacturing preparation technology based on food reconstruction has made it possible to continuously develop large‐scale manufacture of SRFs. Compared with the traditional reconstructed foods, SRFs prepared using 3D/4D printing technologies are discussed comprehensively in this review. To meet the requirements of customers in terms of nutrition or other characteristics, multi‐processing technologies are being combined with 3D/4D printing. Aspects of printing inks, product quality parameters, and recent progress in SRFs based on 3D/4D printing are assessed systematically and discussed critically. The potential for 3D/4D printed SRFs and the need for further research and developments in this area are presented and discussed critically. In addition to the natural materials which were initially suitable for 3D/4D printing, other derivative components have already been applied, which include hydrogels, polysaccharide‐based materials, protein‐based materials, and smart materials with distinctive characteristics. SRFs based on 3D/4D printing can retain the characteristics of deconstruction and reconstruction while also exhibiting quality parameters beyond those of the original material systems, such as variable rheological properties, on‐demand texture, essential printability, improved microstructure, improved nutrition, and more appealing appearance. SRFs with 3D/4D printing are already widely used in foods such as simulated foods, staple foods, fermented foods, foods for people with special dietary needs, and foods made from food processingbyproducts.
Microbial changes and associated metabolic responses modify host plant adaptation in Stephanitis nashi
Authors: Li Tong‐Pu , Wang Chen‐Hao , Xie Jia‐Chu , Wang Meng‐Ke , Chen Jie , Zhu Yu‐Xi , Hao De‐Jun , Hong Xiao‐Yue
Published: February 2024

Symbiotic microorganisms are essential for the physiological processes of herbivorous pests, including the pear lace bug Stephanitis nashi, which is known for causing extensive damage to garden plants and fruit trees due to its exceptional adaptability to diverse host plants. However, the specific functional effects of the microbiome on the adaptation of S. nashi to its host plants remains unclear. Here, we identified significant microbial changes in S. nashi on 2 different host plants, crabapple and cherry blossom, characterized by the differences in fungal diversity as well as bacterial and fungal community structures, with abundant correlations between bacteria or fungi. Consistent with the microbiome changes, S. nashi that fed on cherry blossom demonstrated decreased metabolites and downregulated key metabolic pathways, such as the arginine and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway, which were crucial for host plant adaptation. Furthermore, correlation analysis unveiled numerous correlations between differential microorganisms and differential metabolites, which were influenced by the interactions between bacteria or fungi. These differential bacteria, fungi, and associated metabolites may modify the key metabolic pathways in S. nashi, aiding its adaptation to different host plants. These results provide valuable insights into the alteration in microbiome and function of S. nashi adapted to different host plants, contributing to a better understanding of pest invasion and dispersal from a microbial perspective.