bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of fuzzy logic based control algorithms on a railway vehicle considering random track irregularities
Authors: Sezer Semih , Atalay Ali Erdem
Published: September 2011

The vibrations of a railway vehicle are usually caused by track irregularities. These vibrations have to be suppressed for ride comfort and safe transportation. In this study, the comprehensive full railway vehicle model, consisting of 54 degrees-of-freedom, displacements and accelerations are investigated firstly, for random track irregularities. Additionally, using the developed model, the car body vibrations, caused by a lateral and two vertical random track irregularities, are controlled by active controllers, placed between the car body and bogies. The fuzzy logic based algorithms herein are used for realizing the active control of car body vibrations. The simulations of vibration analysis are obtained in time and frequency domains and compared with passive controlled status. The robustness of the designed controllers is verified by simulations, carried out for the cases of the car body mass variations. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, especially for the self-tuning fuzzy logic control algorithm.
On the parametric model of loose bonding between poroelastic half-spaces
Authors: Nath C Nageswara , Tajuddin M , Kumar JM
Published: September 2011

Wave propagation in a Newtonian viscous liquid layer of thickness ‘ h’ and of shear viscosity ‘ η’ bounded by two poroelastic half-spaces is studied. Possible bonding between the poroelastic half-spaces is discussed by considering the limiting forms of the secular equation, when h→0: (1) η is finite or η→0 such that η/h → ∞, (2) η→0 such that η/h → 0, (3) η → 0 such that η/h is a finite nonzero quantity, for each permeable and impermeable surface. It is shown that these three forms respectively represent welded, smooth and loosely bonded interface of poroelastic half-spaces. The secular equation for the interfacial waves for each of the above three types of bonding for infinite wavelength is derived as a particular case. It is observed that this secular equation is the same for all three types of bonding for each permeable and impermeable surface. Several other special cases are obtained.
Venue Shopping and the Politics of Urban Development
Authors: Sapotichne Joshua , Smith James M.
Published: September 2011

How does the new institutional ecology of city politics structure opportunities for urban growth? We draw on policy agendas theory to explore two central aspects of this question: the process by which urban actors attempt to reach development policy goals by “shopping” for alternative institutional venues and the conditions under which extraurban institutions—such as state and special-purpose governments—provide favorable alternative decision settings. We conduct a comparative case study of two prominent megaprojects—Chicago’s new Comiskey Park (1986-1991) and Seattle’s Safeco Field (1994-1995)—in which policy-making authority shifted from city government to extraurban venues. Our analyses illustrate how the interplay of several factors, including the resources and capacity of relevant coalitions and the issue politics that surround the project, shape venue-shopping opportunities for urban megaprojects. In advancing these arguments, this research underscores the more general significance of venue shopping in urban growth policy processes.
The Contingency Effect of Service Employee Personalities on Service Climate
Authors: Auh Seigyoung , Menguc Bulent , Fisher Michelle , Haddad Abeer
Published: September 2011

This study draws on the service climate and Big Five personality literature to examine the association between a service employee’s personality and perception of service climate. The authors further explore the moderating role of employee involvement climate strength on the personality trait–perceived service climate relationship based on situational strength theory. Hypotheses are tested against data collected using a multiple respondent (i.e., employees and customers) method from a national chain of 66 specialty retail stores in fashion and apparel, footwear, accessories, and sports equipment. Findings indicate that an employee who is conscientious, open to experience, and agreeable perceive the service climate to be more positive. Results also suggest that under a strong employee involvement climate, an employee who is conscientious, emotionally stable, and agreeable has a perception of service climate that is less positive. Finally, employees' perception of service climate was positively related to customers' satisfaction with decision to visit the store. Findings have practical implications for hiring and promoting employees with certain personalities that are more conducive to forming a positive perception of service climate. Further, results suggest that when retail stores have a weak employee involvement climate, stores benefit from possessing employees that are conscientious, emotionally stable, and agreeable.
Factors Associated With South Korean Early Childhood Educators’ Observed Behavior Support Strategies
Authors: Kim Yeon Ha , Stormont Melissa
Published: September 2011

This study was an exploratory study of 34 South Korean early childhood educators’ strategies for addressing behavior problems in natural settings. Factors related to teachers’ strategy implementation were also explored. Four specific teacher behaviors were observed: precorrection, behavioral-specific praise, redirection, and reprimand/punishment. Among the four types of behaviors, redirection was most frequently implemented and behavioral-specific praise was least frequently implemented. Children taught by teachers with higher education levels and stronger beliefs in developmentally appropriate practices displayed lower levels of behavior problems. Teachers’ developmentally inappropriate beliefs and severity of behavior problems of children were associated with teachers’ use of reprimands. Implications of these findings and limitations of the study are discussed.
Street Performance and the City
Authors: Simpson Paul
Published: September 2011

This article examines the performative transformation of street spaces into performance places by considering the practices of street performers. Street performance here refers to a set of practices whereby either musical or nonmusical performances are undertaken in the street with the aim of eliciting donations from passersby. Drawing on ethnographic observations undertaken in Bath, U.K., and situating the discussion in recent conceptions of everyday life and public space, the specific sociospatial interventions that street performances make into Bath’s everyday life are considered. In doing so, the article focuses on the fleeting social relations that emerge from these interventions and what these can do to the experience of the everyday in terms of producing moments of sociality and conviviality. This is also reflected on in light of the various debates that have occurred in Bath as a result of these interventions relating to the increased regulation of street performances. The article then highlights the conflicted and contentious position that street performers occupy in the everyday life of such cities.
Analysis of the lubricating mechanism for tilting rollers in rolling bearings
Authors: Liu X-L , Yang P , Yang P-R
Published: September 2011

In practice, the tilting roller occurs widely in rolling bearings. In order to investigate the lubricating mechanism of tilting rollers in rolling bearings, a contact between a tilting cylindrical roller and an infinite plane is assumed in the present paper. Using the multi-grid method, a numerical solution has been obtained for the isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of the contact. The film thickness and pressure with different tilt angles have been given. Results show that the property of the tilting roller’s lubrication is different from that of the parallel roller contact investigated in the past, and asymmetry is common both for the film thickness and the oil pressure under tilting conditions. Moreover, the larger the tilt angle, the smaller the minimum film thickness, and the more easily the local wear occurs in bearings. The effects of the maximum Hertzian pressure, velocity parameter, and length and end profile radius of the roller on the lubricating performance of the contact have been discussed. The conclusion can be made that better lubrication of tilting roller contact needs light load, high velocity parameter, short length, and larger end profile radius of the roller. Comparisons between the starved and fully flooded lubrication in the tilting roller contact have been given, and it has been found that starvation status can worsen the lubrication and reduce the life of roller bearings.
The surface magnetization approach on assessing the tribological properties of iron sliding against iron coated with pure tin and with a tin composite
Authors: Chang Y-P , Horng J-H , Yur J-P , Chu L-M , Hwang Y-C
Published: September 2011

The traditional method of monitoring the tribological properties between contacting surfaces of the metal pairs is by the variations of the friction coefficient. However, the variations of the friction coefficient may be difficult to be measured directly through industrial apparatus. It is necessary to develop other parameters to dynamically monitor the tribological properties of iron or steel materials for the industrial usage. This article proposed a method of using instead the voltage derived from the continuous variation of surface magnetization. This method was investigated experimentally for iron sliding against iron coated with a pure tin film and a thin tin composite under dry friction condition. The effects of normal loads on friction and wear were also investigated. The experiments demonstrated that the dynamic variations of surface magnetization showed great potential for determining the onset of film fracture and endurance life of the film. It was also shown that the presence of a pure tin film resulted in lower friction and surface magnetization at the interface and was wear resistant. These conditions were substantially improved with the tin composite coatings.
Study and model development of erosive wear by RSM
Authors: Sharma S , Dwivedi D K , Jain P K
Published: September 2011

In this study, composite powder (MEC1031C) was modified with the addition of 0.4 wt.% La2O3. The effects of La2O3 addition on microstructure, formation of new phases, and microhardness were studied. The La2O3 addition refines the microstructure, forms new phases, and increases microhardness of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coatings. The erosive wear behaviours of HVOF-sprayed coatings were investigated by response surface methodology. To investigate and develop the erosive wear model of unmodified (without La2O3) and modified (La2O3 addition) HVOF-sprayed coatings, four factors, velocity ( V), impact angle ( A), temperature ( T), and feed rate (F), with each factor at three levels, were used. Analysis of variance was carried out to determine the significant factors and interactions. Investigation showed that the velocity, temperature, and feed rate were the main significant factors, while velocity–feed rate was the main significant interaction. Thus, an erosive wear model was developed in terms of main factors and their significant interactions. The validity of the model was evaluated by conducting experiments under different wear conditions. A comparison of modelled and experimental results showed 5–11 per cent error. The modified (La2O3 addition) HVOF-sprayed coating showed high erosive wear resistance compared to unmodified coating. This is due to the increase in hardness of the modified coating.
Design Requirements for Sensing and Detoxification Devices to be Used in Large Public Spaces. Literature Review on Typical Pollutants and Their Concentrations
Authors: Kolarik Barbara , Gunnarsen Lars , Traberg-Borup Steen
Published: September 2011

This work is a part of the NANOSECURE integrated project, supported by the European Commission under Framework Programme 6, with the objective to use nanotechnology in developing sensing and detoxification devices. Besides being sensitive, flexible, compact and inexpensive, it is important that the sensors do not respond to normal indoor air pollutants in their typical concentrations, as false-positive signals can have serious consequences. The purpose of this paper is to list typical indoor air pollutants and indicate ranges of concentrations in which they normally occur. Among others, these results may draw designers’ and manufacturers’ attention to the importance of chemical selectivity, sufficient capacity and robustness to withstand normal exposures in buildings. The main focus is on assembly buildings, airport terminals, and train and metro stations, as spaces in these buildings can be especially endangered by attacks using chemical or biological agents due to their size and population density. The literature review shows lack of information on concentrations of chemical and biological pollutants in these buildings. It also points out a need for calibration and testing in both laboratory environments with clean and well-defined air quality and in atmospheres with typical and often complex compositions.
Studying the Variation of Indoor Radon Levels in Different Dwellings in Hoshiarpur District of Punjab, India
Authors: Badhan Komal , Mehra Rohit , Sonkawade R.G.
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the radon levels in different houses of different villages/towns of Hoshiarpur district of Punjab, India, using a time-integrated passive technique containing LR-115 Type II solid-state nuclear track detectors, to determine the health hazards. The measured annual average indoor radon concentrations and the annual effective dose in these houses varied from 84.93 to 128.53 Bq m−3 and 1.45 to 2.19 mSv y−1, respectively. The measured values of annual effective dose were less than the lower limit of the recommended action level (3–10 mSv). The winter to summer ratio was calculated for all the studied dwellings and this ratio varied from 0.83 to 3.14. In general, the indoor radon concentration was higher in winter season than in the summer season. The effect of ventilation conditions on measured radon levels inside dwellings was also discussed. The present indoor radon concentration values were on the higher side than the world average of 40 Bq m−3.
Chronic pain after trauma
Authors: Beard David J , Aldington Dominic
Published: September 2011

Chronic pain is more common following trauma than often realised. It may be due to nociceptive pain or often include a neuropathic component which can be difficult to treat. There are several pain syndromes, such as complex regional pain syndrome and post-amputation pains, which are specifically associated with trauma. These are described, as are the differences in features of nociceptive and neuropathic pain. This article aims to describe the features of chronic pain following trauma using a bio-psycho-social model. An approach to taking a comprehensive pain history and management options are also considered. A multi-disciplinary team using physiotherapists and psychologists is generally required and the importance of good rehabilitation following major trauma cannot be over-emphasised. For the physician, there are a range of pharmaceutical options available and a multimodal approach is recommended. There are also a number of non-invasive therapies on offer such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and massage. The limited role of invasive procedures is also discussed.
Dislocations of the shoulder joint
Authors: McBride Tim , Kalogrianitis Socrates
Published: September 2011

Dislocation of the shoulder joint is a common injury. Initial management takes the form of urgent reduction, for which many methods have been described. Associated injuries carry significant morbidity and must be recognised. Further post-reduction treatment for the first-time dislocator has traditionally been non-operative; however, increasing evidence suggests a role for acute surgical arthroscopic stabilisation in certain patient groups. This article aims to give an evidence-based overview of the epidemiology, pathology and initial and further treatment options for shoulder dislocation.
Tarring everyone with the same shorthand? Journalists, stigmatization and social exclusion
Authors: Devereux Eoin , Haynes Amanda , Power Martin J.
Published: September 2011

This article investigates the role of journalists in the media construction of a socially excluded and stigmatized local authority housing estate. We seek to identify the ways in which the production context of ‘newsmaking’ is reflected in such content. Having outlined the problematic ways in which the estate in question is portrayed, we argue that an increasingly competitive commercial environment – best evidenced in the marketization of news – is increasing pressures on journalists to prioritize circulation figures and audience ratings over journalistic balance. Our analysis of this issue is guided by two interconnected and over-arching theoretical approaches, namely social exclusion and political economy. Our analysis is situated squarely in the context of recent debates concerning the social and political implications of the increased marketization of news. In reasserting the importance of a critical sociology of journalism, our case raises fundamental questions about the practice of journalism and how complex issues such as social exclusion and poverty are represented in a media setting.
Addition of aliskiren to olmesartan ameliorates tubular injury in chronic kidney disease patients partly by reducing proteinuria
Authors: Nakamura Tsukasa , Sato Eiichi , Amaha Mayuko , Kawagoe Yasuhiro , Maeda Sayaka , Yamagishi Sho-ichi
Published: September 2011

Introduction: Tubular injury is more important than glomerulopathy for renal prognosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Numerous studies have demonstrated the active participation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in CKD. However, whether addition of aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, to olmesartan improves renal tubular injury in CKD patients is unknown.

Methods: This study compared the effects of aliskiren (300 mg daily), olmesartan (40 mg daily), and its combination therapy on urinary L-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), a marker of tubular injury in stage I or II CKD patients. It also examined which clinical variables were independently correlated with tubular damage.

Results: Olmesartan or aliskiren monotherapy for 6 months comparably decreased blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria. BP and proteinuria levels were reduced more by combination therapy than by either monotherapy. Olmesartan or aliskiren decreased urinary L-FABP level, and combination therapy produced more incremental reduction in L-FABP level relative to each monotherapy. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that BMI, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and proteinuria were independently related to urinary L-FABP level.

Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that addition of aliskiren to olmesartan decreased urinary L-FABP level partly via reduction of proteinuria in stage I or II CKD patients.
Defining the demos
Authors: Saunders Ben
Published: September 2011

Until relatively recently, few democrats had much to say about the constitution of the ‘demos' that ought to rule. A number of recent writers have, however, argued that all those whose interests are affected must be enfranchised if decision-making is to be fully democratic. This article criticizes this approach, arguing that it misunderstands democracy. Democratic procedures are about the agency of the people so only agents can be enfranchised, yet not all bearers of interests are also agents. If we focus on agency, rather than who is affected, then this leads us to focus on the permissible limits of action, rather than who makes the decision. Just as individual sovereignty is ordinarily limited by the requirement not to injure others, we may apply similar restrictions to what a demos can permissibly do. Thus, any collection of individuals may choose to regulate their affairs collectively for mutual benefit, but should be prohibited from imposing negative externalities on outsiders. On this view, the constitution or definition of the demos is arbitrary, from the democratic point of view. Moreover, democracy does not require the expansion of the franchise, unless injuries cannot be avoided.
The Sensitivity of Findings of Expected Bookmaker Profitability
Authors: Krieger Kevin , Fodor Andy , Stevenson Greg
Published: September 2011

Levitt demonstrates that, contrary to conventional wisdom, sports books may not try to balance the money wagered on the sides of a game but instead exploit preferences of bettors in order to maximize expected profits. Levitt’s findings are based on unique data from a wagering contest of the 2002 National Football League (NFL) season. Reconsideration based on 2004-2010 data from a similar contest yields findings of a dramatically smaller increase in expected profitability from strategic line making. Additionally, the traditional underperformance of favorites in athletic wagering may have somewhat subsided, which would also imply reduced bookmaker profits compared to those Levitt reports.
Canoe paddle resonance characteristics and modelling
Authors: Runciman R J , Lyle K , Patrick L
Published: September 2011

Canoe paddles have been in continuous use for thousands of years. Over that period, the paddle has remained virtually unchanged in basic form and materials. Today, paddles are produced in many different designs by a large number of manufacturers. Prominent within the many factors differentiating the best paddles from the worst is their propensity to resonate during use. This resonance has been so prevalent historically that it has been given its own name: a paddle’s song. The major drawback with paddle resonance is that it is accompanied with the penalty of increased fluid resistance. Paddle manufacturers have long tried to reduce or eliminate paddle resonance, but it is still recognized by paddlers as a significant factor in choosing an optimal paddle.

This study examined canoe paddle resonance in laboratory, open water, and computer modelling environments. The goal was to investigate the characteristics of this commonly occurring phenomenon and validate the techniques used in the modelling studies. The hypothesis tested in this paper is that by employing and comparing scientific measurement and modelling techniques it would prove possible to examine the relationship between physical paddle structure, fluid-based excitation, and resonance observed during paddle use.

The obtained results indicated that the paddle being studied displayed a number of different characteristic resonance patterns or modes depending on the velocity of water flow over the blade. The results of the computer modelling studies on the resonance modes were found to be in good agreement with the observations made in laboratory and open water experiments.
The efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Dutta Shouma , Ahmad Yasmeen
Published: September 2011

The crucial role of T cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well recognized. Tacrolimus is an immunomodulator that acts by the inhibition of T-cell activation. There have been numerous studies examining the use of tacrolimus in RA, including four randomized controlled trials. This article reviews these data with respect to the efficacy of the use of tacrolimus in RA as monotherapy and as part of combination therapy. The safety of tacrolimus use in RA is then evaluated. Tacrolimus is shown to be an effective and safe therapeutic option for RA patients intolerant of or resistant to previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). In addition to monotherapy, tacrolimus has been successfully used as part of combination RA therapy, in particular in conjunction with methotrexate. Further assessment of combination approaches involving tacrolimus use alongside other DMARDs or biologics would be helpful. More studies are required to examine the effects of tacrolimus on the radiographic progression of RA.
Essential roles for Pot1b in HSC self-renewal and survival
Authors: Wang Yang , Shen Mei-Feng , Chang Sandy
Published: September 2011

Maintenance of mammalian telomeres requires both the enzyme telomerase and shelterin, which protect telomeres from inappropriately activating DNA damage response checkpoints. Dyskeratosis congenita is an inherited BM failure syndrome disorder because of defects in telomere maintenance. We have previously shown that deletion of the shelterin component Pot1b in the setting of telomerase haploinsufficiency results in rapid telomere shortening and fatal BM failure in mice, eliciting phenotypes that strongly resemble human syskeratosis congenita. However, it was unclear why BM failure occurred in the setting of Pot1b deletion. In this study, we show that Pot1b plays an essential role in HSC survival. Deletion of Pot1b results in increased apoptosis, leading to severe depletion of the HSC reserve. BM from Pot1bΔ/Δ mice cannot compete with BM from wild-type mice to provide multilineage reconstitution, indicating that there is an intrinsic requirement for Pot1b the maintenance of HSC function in vivo. Elimination of the p53-dependent apoptotic function increased HSC survival and significantly extended the lifespan of Pot1b-null mice deficient in telomerase function. Our results document for the first time the essential role of a component of the shelterin complex in the maintenance of HSC and progenitor cell survival.
The graduate entry generation: a qualitative study exploring the factors influencing the career expectations and aspirations of a graduating cohort of graduate entry dental students in one London institution
Authors: Newton Paul , Cabot Lyndon , Wilson Nairn HF , Gallagher Jennifer E
Published: September 2011

Background

Dentistry in the UK has a number of new graduate-entry programmes. The aim of the study was to explore the motivation, career expectations and experiences of final year students who chose to pursue a dental career through the graduate entry programme route in one institution; and to explore if, and how, their intended career expectations and aspirations were informed by this choice.

Method

In-depth interviews of 14 graduate entry students in their final year of study. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis.

Results

There were three categories of factors influencing students' choice to study dentistry through graduate entry: 'push', 'pull' and 'mediating'. Mediating factors related to students' personal concerns and circumstances, whereas push and pull factors related to features of their previous and future careers and wider social factors. Routes to Graduate Entry study comprised: 'early career changers', 'established career changers' and those pursuing 'routes to specialisation'. These routes also influenced the students' practice of dentistry, as students integrated skills in their dental studies, and encountered new challenges.

Factors which students believed would influence their future careers included: vocational training; opportunities for specialisation or developing special interests and policy-related issues, together with wider professional and social concerns.

The graduate entry programme was considered 'hard work' but a quick route to a professional career which had much to offer. Students' felt more could have been made of their pre-dental studies and/or experience during the programme. Factors perceived as influencing students' future contribution to dentistry included personal and social influences. Overall there was strong support for the values of the NHS and 'giving back' to the system in their future career.

Conclusion

Graduate entry students appear to be motivated to enter dentistry by a range of factors which suit their preferences and circumstances. They generally embrace the programme enthusiastically and seek to serve within healthcare, largely in the public sector. These students, who carry wider responsibilities, bring knowledge, skills and experience to dentistry which could be harnessed further during the programme. The findings suggest that graduate entry students, facilitated by varied career options, will contribute to an engaged workforce.
Inhibitory effects of inhaled complex traditional Chinese medicine on early and late asthmatic responses induced by ovalbumin in sensitized guinea pigs
Authors: Chang Hung-Chou , Gong Cheng-Chung , Chen Ji-Liang , Mak Oi-Tong
Published: September 2011

Background

Many formulae of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used for antiasthma treatment dating back many centuries. There is evidence to suggest that TCMs are effective as a cure for this allergenic disease administered via gastric tubes in animal studies; however, their efficacy, safety and side effects as an asthmatic therapy are still unclear.

Methods

In this study, guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) were used as an animal model for asthma challenge, and the sensitization of animals by bronchial reactivity to methacholine (Mch) and the IgE concentration in the serum after OVA challenge were estimated. Complex traditional Chinese herbs (CTCM) were administered to the animals by nebulization, and the leukocytes were evaluated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).

Results

The results showed that inhalation of CTCM could abolish the increased lung resistance (13-fold increase) induced by challenge with OVA in the early asthmatic response (EAR), reducing to as low as baseline (1-fold). Moreover, our results indicated higher IgE levels (range, 78-83 ng/ml) in the serum of sensitized guinea pigs than in the unsensitized controls (0.9 ± 0.256 ng/ml). In addition, increased total leukocytes and higher levels of eosinophils and neutrophils were seen 6 hours after challenge, and the increased inflammatory cells were reduced by treatment with CTCM inhalation. The interleukin-5 (IL-5) level in BALF was also reduced by CTCM.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate a novel method of administering traditional Chinese medicines for asthma treatment in an animal model that may be more effective than traditional methods.
Drinking carrot juice increases total antioxidant status and decreases lipid peroxidation in adults
Authors: Potter Andrew S , Foroudi Shahrzad , Stamatikos Alexis , Patil Bhimanagouda S , Deyhim Farzad
Published: September 2011

Background

High prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular disease is attributable to sedentary lifestyle and eating diets high in fat and refined carbohydrate while eating diets low in fruit and vegetables. Epidemiological studies have confirmed a strong association between eating diets rich in fruits and vegetables and cardiovascular health. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether drinking fresh carrot juice influences antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk markers in subjects not modifying their eating habits.

Methods

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of consuming 16 fl oz of daily freshly squeezed carrot juice for three months on cardiovascular risk markers, C-reactive protein, insulin, leptin, interleukin-1α, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, antioxidant status, and malondialdehyde production. Fasting blood samples were collected pre-test and 90 days afterward to conclude the study.

Results

Drinking carrot juice did not affect (P > 0.1) the plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo A, Apo B, LDL, HDL, body fat percentage, insulin, leptin, interleukin-1α, or C-reactive protein. Drinking carrot juice decreased (P = 0.06) systolic pressure, but did not influence diastolic pressure. Drinking carrot juice significantly (P < 0.05) increased the plasma total antioxidant capacity and decreased (P < 0.05) the plasma malondialdehyde production.

Conclusion

Drinking carrot juice may protect the cardiovascular system by increasing total antioxidant status and by decreasing lipid peroxidation independent of any of the cardiovascular risk markers measured in the study.
Analytical and numerical solutions of the potential and electric field generated by different electrode arrays in a tumor tissue under electrotherapy
Authors: Bergues Pupo Ana E , Reyes Juan Bory , Bergues Cabrales Luis E , Bergues Cabrales Jesús M
Published: September 2011

Background

Electrotherapy is a relatively well established and efficient method of tumor treatment. In this paper we focus on analytical and numerical calculations of the potential and electric field distributions inside a tumor tissue in a two-dimensional model (2D-model) generated by means of electrode arrays with shapes of different conic sections (ellipse, parabola and hyperbola).

Methods

Analytical calculations of the potential and electric field distributions based on 2D-models for different electrode arrays are performed by solving the Laplace equation, meanwhile the numerical solution is solved by means of finite element method in two dimensions.

Results

Both analytical and numerical solutions reveal significant differences between the electric field distributions generated by electrode arrays with shapes of circle and different conic sections (elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic). Electrode arrays with circular, elliptical and hyperbolic shapes have the advantage of concentrating the electric field lines in the tumor.

Conclusion

The mathematical approach presented in this study provides a useful tool for the design of electrode arrays with different shapes of conic sections by means of the use of the unifying principle. At the same time, we verify the good correspondence between the analytical and numerical solutions for the potential and electric field distributions generated by the electrode array with different conic sections.
Impact of traumatic dental injuries and malocclusions on quality of life of young children
Authors: Aldrigui Janaina M , Abanto Jenny , Carvalho Thiago S , Mendes Fausto M , Wanderley Marcia T , Bönecker Marcelo , Raggio Daniela P
Published: September 2011

Background

The presence of traumatic dental injuries and malocclusions can have a negative impact on quality of life of young children and their parents, affecting their oral health and well-being. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of traumatic dental injuries and anterior malocclusion traits on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of children between 2 and 5 years-old.

Methods

Parents of 260 children answered the six domains of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) on their perception of the OHRQoL (outcome). Two calibrated dentists assessed the types of traumatic dental injuries (Kappa = 0.9) and the presence of anterior malocclusion traits (Kappa = 1.0). OHRQoL was measured using the ECOHIS. Poisson regression was used to associate the type of traumatic dental injury and the presence of anterior malocclusion traits to the outcome.

Results

The presence of anterior malocclusion traits did not show a negative impact on the overall OHRQoL mean or in each domain. Only complicated traumatic dental injuries showed a negative impact on thesymptoms(p = 0.005),psychological(p = 0.029),self image/social interaction(p = 0.004) andfamily function(p = 0.018) domains and on the overall OHRQoL mean score (p = 0.002). The presence of complicated traumatic dental injuries showed an increased negative impact on the children's quality of life (RR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.36, 2.63; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Complicated traumatic dental injuries have a negative impact on the OHRQoL of preschool children and their parents, but anterior malocclusion traits do not.
MicroRNA-134 as a potential plasma biomarker for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Xiao Junjie , Jing Zhi-Cheng , Ellinor Patrick T , Liang Dandan , Zhang Hong , Liu Ying , Chen Xiaoli , Pan Lei , Lyon Robert , Liu Yi , Peng Lu-Ying , Liang Xingqun , Sun Yunfu , Popescu Laurentiu M , Condorelli Gianluigi , Chen Yi-Han
Published: September 2011

Background

Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) remains a diagnostic challenge due to a variable clinical presentation and the lack of a reliable screening tool. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression in a wide range of pathophysiologic processes. Circulating miRNAs are emerging biomarkers in heart failure, type 2 diabetes and other disease states; however, using plasma miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of APE is still unknown.

Methods

Thirty-two APE patients, 32 healthy controls, and 22 non-APE patients (reported dyspnea, chest pain, or cough) were enrolled in this study. The TaqMan miRNA microarray was used to identify dysregulated miRNAs in the plasma of APE patients. The TaqMan-based miRNA quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were used to validate the dysregulated miRNAs. The receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the miRNA identified as the candidate biomarker.

Results

Plasma miRNA-134 (miR-134) level was significantly higher in the APE patients than in the healthy controls or non-APE patients. The ROC curve showed that plasma miR-134 was a specific diagnostic predictor of APE with an area under the curve of 0.833 (95% confidence interval, 0.737 to 0.929; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that plasma miR-134 could be an important biomarker for the diagnosis of APE. Because of this finding, large-scale investigations are urgently needed to pave the way from basic research to clinical utilization.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide induce changes in cell morphology, and upregulation of ERK1/2, iNOS and sPLA2-IIA expression in astrocytes and microglia
Authors: Sheng Wenwen , Zong Yijia , Mohammad Arwa , Ajit Deepa , Cui Jiankun , Han Dongdong , Hamilton Jennifer L , Simonyi Agnes , Sun Albert Y , Gu Zezong , Hong Jau-Shyong , Weisman Gary A , Sun Grace Y
Published: September 2011

Background

Activation of glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, has been implicated in the inflammatory responses underlying brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although cultured astrocytes and microglia are capable of responding to pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the induction and release of inflammatory factors, no detailed analysis has been carried out to compare the induction of iNOS and sPLA2-IIA. In this study, we investigated the effects of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma) and LPS + IFN-gamma to induce temporal changes in cell morphology and induction of p-ERK1/2, iNOS and sPLA2-IIA expression in immortalized rat (HAPI) and mouse (BV-2) microglial cells, immortalized rat astrocytes (DITNC), and primary microglia and astrocytes.

Methods/Results

Cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma) and LPS + IFN-gamma induced a time-dependent increase in fine processes (filopodia) in microglial cells but not in astrocytes. Filopodia production was attributed to IFN-gamma and was dependent on ERK1/2 activation. Cytokines induced an early (15 min) and a delayed phase (1 ~ 4 h) increase in p-ERK1/2 expression in microglial cells, and the delayed phase increase corresponded to the increase in filopodia production. In general, microglial cells are more active in responding to cytokines and LPS than astrocytes in the induction of NO. Although IFN-gamma and LPS could individually induce NO, additive production was observed when IFN-gamma was added together with LPS. On the other hand, while TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and LPS could individually induce sPLA2-IIA mRNA and protein expression, this induction process does not require IFN-gamma. Interestingly, neither rat immortalized nor primary microglial cells were capable of responding to cytokines and LPS in the induction of sPLA2-IIA expression.

Conclusion

These results demonstrated the utility of BV-2 and HAPI cells as models for investigation on cytokine and LPS induction of iNOS, and DITNC astrocytes for induction of sPLA2-IIA. In addition, results further demonstrated that cytokine-induced sPLA2-IIA is attributed mainly to astrocytes and not microglial cells.
Total thoracoscopic lung segmentectomy of anterior basal segment of the right lower lobe (RS8) for NSCLC stage IA (case report)
Authors: Miyajima Masahiro , Watanabe Atsushi , Uehara Mayuko , Obama Takuro , Nakazawa Junji , Nakajiima Tomohiro , Ogura Keishi , Higami Tetsuya
Published: September 2011

A 69-year-old woman with a pulmonary nodule in anterior basal segment of the right lower lobe (RS8) was referred to our department. The diameter of the tumor was 12 mm, and it had increased over a few months. First, video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery (VATS) biopsy of the pulmonary nodule was carried out. Frozen section examination of this nodule confirmed the diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). Segmentectomy of RS8 with lower mediastinal node dissection (ND2a-1) was performed. The intersegmental plane was identified using the intersegmental veins as landmarks and the demarcation between the resected (inflated) and preserved (collapsed) lungs. Electrocautery at 70 watts was used to divide the intersegmental plane. A vessel sealing system was used to seal and cut the pulmonary arteries. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was T1aN0M0 BAC, and the minimal distance between the surgical margin and the tumor edge was 15 mm. The patient was discharged from hospital on postoperative day 5 without any complications.
The UKNEQAS scheme for cerebrospinal fluid haem pigments: a paradigm for service improvement
Authors: Beetham Robert , Egner William , Patel Dina
Published: September 2011

We describe the programme of an established External Quality Assurance (EQA) provider and a Specialist Advisory Group (SAG) to develop a successful EQA scheme for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) haem pigments as an example of a professionally led, unfunded initiative with the real potential to benefit patients.

Within three years, we had assured sample stability, stoichiometry, and published best practice guidelines, enabling both analytical results and interpretation to be assessed and reported with an educative summary of the desired responses. Misclassification scoring of analysis and interpretation was introduced. Following audit, guidelines were modified and republished. The outcomes were as follows: Participant numbers increased from 63 at inception to 150 10 years later; The percentage of participants using visual inspection, a poor practice indicator, decreased from 27% to less than 1%; In all, 94–100% of participants consistently detected minor increases in bilirubin over the last four years of the scheme; More than 93% of participants were able to interpret analytical results linked to straightforward clinical scenarios; Misclassification scoring demonstrated that more complex scenarios repeatedly posed problems and is the next challenge to address. Scheme success is attributed to the experience of the operator and the formation of a voluntary expert advisory group, with both concerned to advance science and patient safety and thus contribute unpaid time and effort in order to succeed. In times of fiscal constraint, such resource may not be so readily available, yet is a vital part of continuous quality improvement for the benefit of patients.
Bone marrow fat quantification of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: comparison of multi-voxel proton MR spectroscopy and chemical-shift gradient-echo MR imaging
Authors: Régis-Arnaud Anne , Guiu Boris , Walker Paul-Michael , Krausé Denis , Ricolfi Frédéric , Salem Douraied Ben
Published: September 2011

Background

Only a few studies have used in/opposed phase method for a quantitative evaluation of fat fraction in the spine.

Purpose

To compare multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy and chemical-shift gradient-echo MR imaging for bone marrow fat quantification in vertebral compression fractures (VCF).

Material and Methods

Vertebral marrow fat quantification in fifteen patients was measured at 3.0-T. Multi-voxel proton spectroscopy (MRS) and in/opposed-phase MR imaging using a fat map build with a triple-echo gradient-echo sequence was used. All the patients had benign vertebral collapse. Bone marrow fat content was evaluated by both techniques in compressed (acute or chronic) and in non-compressed vertebrae.

Results

The percentage of fat fraction measured by the triple-echo sequence was well correlated with those calculated by MRS ( r2 = 0.85; P < 10-4). There was a significant decrease of fat fraction in acute VCF versus both chronic VCF ( P < 10-9) and non-fractured vertebrae ( P < 10-7). There was no significant difference in fat fraction evaluated by both techniques between non-fractured vertebrae and chronic VCF.

Conclusion

We have validated the in/opposed phase method compared with MRS for vertebral bone marrow fat quantification. The fat mapping using a triple-echo gradient-echo sequence allows distinguishing acute and chronic benign VCF.
PET imaging in a longitudinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma study: association with tumor volume
Authors: Rossi Maija , Korkola Pasi , Pertovaara Hannu , Järvenpää Ritva , Dastidar Prasun , Wu Xingchen , Soimakallio Seppo , Eskola Hannu , Kellokumpu-Lehtinen Pirkko-Liisa
Published: September 2011

Background

Computed tomography (CT) is generally used in the evaluation of the treatment response of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Instead of morphological images, positron emission tomography (PET) shows metabolic information that is connected to tumor activity, cell proliferation rate, and, thus, prognosis.

Purpose

To determine the prognostic value of PET for tumor volume reduction measured by CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with clinical characteristics in NHL patients.

Material and Methods

We imaged 21 B-cell type NHL patients using whole-body 18F-FDG-PET at the onset and the completion of treatment and at six-month follow-up. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was calculated. Morphological tumor volume calculations were assessed using both MRI and CT. Additionally, patients underwent thorough clinical examination including several laboratory tests.

Results

A high SUVmax was able to predict significant tumor volume reduction at the beginning of treatment, but the relation to pure tumor volume was poor.

Conclusion

The SUVmax values derived from FDG-PET seemed to correlate with volume changes but not with their absolute values or laboratory tests. Unlike MRI and CT, FDG-PET showed the disappearance of active tumors after treatment.
RNAspace.org: An integrated environment for the prediction, annotation, and analysis of ncRNA
Authors: Cros Marie-Josée , de Monte Antoine , Mariette Jérôme , Bardou Philippe , Grenier-Boley Benjamin , Gautheret Daniel , Touzet Hélène , Gaspin Christine
Published: September 2011

The annotation of noncoding RNA genes remains a major bottleneck in genome sequencing projects. Most genome sequences released today still come with sets of tRNAs and rRNAs as the only annotated RNA elements, ignoring hundreds of other RNA families. We have developed a web environment that is dedicated to noncoding RNA (ncRNA) prediction, annotation, and analysis and allows users to run a variety of tools in an integrated and flexible manner. This environment offers complementary ncRNA gene finders and a set of tools for the comparison, visualization, editing, and export of ncRNA candidates. Predictions can be filtered according to a large set of characteristics. Based on this environment, we created a public website located at http://RNAspace.org. It accepts genomic sequences up to 5 Mb, which permits for an online annotation of a complete bacterial genome or a small eukaryotic chromosome. The project is hosted as a Source Forge project (http://rnaspace.sourceforge.net/).