bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recruitment of inhibitory neuronal pathways regulating dopaminergic activity for the control of cocaine seeking
Authors: Wilczkowski Michał , Karwowska Karolina , Kielbinski Michal , Zajda Katarzyna , Pradel Kamil , Drwięga Gniewosz , Rajfur Zenon , Blasiak Tomasz , Przewlocki Ryszard , Solecki Wojciech B.
Published: December 2022

Drug seeking is associated with the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic (DA) activity. Previously, we have shown that brief optogenetic inhibition of VTA DA neurons with 1 s pulses delivered every 9 s attenuates cocaine seeking under extinction conditions in rats without producing overt signs of dysphoria or locomotor sedation. Whether recruitment of neuronal pathways inhibiting VTA neuronal activity would suppress drug seeking remains unknown. Here, we asked if optogenetic stimulation of the lateral habenula (LHb) efferents in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) as well as RMTg efferents in VTA would reduce drug seeking. To investigate this, we measured how recruitment of elements of this inhibitory pathway affects cocaine seeking in male rats under extinction conditions. The effectiveness of brief optogenetic manipulations was confirmed electrophysiologically at the level of electrical activity of VTA DA neurons. Real‐time conditioned place aversion (RT‐CPA) and open field tests were performed to control for potential dysphoric/sedating effects of brief optogenetic stimulation of LHb‐RMTg‐VTA circuitry. Optogenetic stimulation of either RMTg or LHb inhibited VTA DAergic neuron firing, whereas similar stimulation of RMTg efferents in VTA or LHb efferents in RMTg reduced cocaine seeking under extinction conditions. Moreover, stimulation of LHb‐RMTg efferents produced an effect that was maintained 24 h later, during cocaine seeking test without stimulation. This effect was specific, as brief optogenetic stimulation did not affect locomotor activity and was not aversive. Our results indicate that defined inhibitory pathways can be recruited to inhibit cocaine seeking, providing potential new targets for non‐pharmacological treatment of drug craving.
Meningoencephalitis due to Mycobacterium lentiflavum in an immunocompromised patient: Case report
Authors: Martinez‐Poles Javier , Saldaña‐Díaz Ana Isabel , Esteban Jaime , Lara‐Almunia Mónica , Vizarreta Figueroa Anthony Tito , Martín‐Gil Leticia , Cebrián‐Escudero José , Fernández‐Ferro José
Published: December 2022

The first case of meningoencephalitis due to Mycobacterium lentiflavum in an immunocompromised patient is reported. Clinical and radiological characteristics are described, as well as the treatment and prognosis of the patient.
Moult terminology: Let's make it simpler!
Authors: Kiat Yosef
Published: December 2022

An understanding of feather moult, an important process in the life cycle of birds, lags behind that of other avian life‐history events. This lag includes a lack of scientific attention, but surprisingly also a lack of basic knowledge regarding the moult strategy of many bird species. This situation is particularly astonishing in light of the fact that feathers are a unique characteristic of birds. Currently, there are two main terminology systems for describing moult: one life‐cycle‐based and one plumage‐based (H–P terminology). A survey conducted among 434 birdwatchers, bird‐ringers (banders) and ornithologists showed a significant difference in understanding of the two terminologies. Ornithologists studying moult, as well as editors and reviewers, are called upon to make use of, and encourage the use of, understandable moult terminology, as much as possible. Using more understandable terms and language may help a wider audience of amateurs, students and ornithologists to understand moult. Involvement of a wider audience may advance data collection and research of this important event in the avian life cycle.
Regulatory T‐cell stability and functional plasticity in health and disease
Authors: Malviya Vanshika , Yshii Lidia , Junius Steffie , Garg Abhishek D , Humblet‐Baron Stephanie , Schlenner Susan M
Published: December 2022

FOXP3‐expressing regulatory T cells (Treg) are indispensable for immune homeostasis and tolerance, and in addition tissue‐resident Treg have been found to perform noncanonical, tissue‐specific functions. For optimal tolerogenic function during inflammatory disease, Treg are equipped with mechanisms that assure lineage stability. Treg lineage stability is closely linked to the installation and maintenance of a lineage‐specific epigenetic landscape, specifically a Treg‐specific DNA demethylation pattern. At the same time, for local and directed immune regulation Treg must possess a level of functional plasticity that requires them to partially acquire T helper cell (TH) transcriptional programs—then referred to as TH‐like Treg. Unleashing TH programs in Treg, however, is not without risk and may threaten the epigenetic stability of Treg with consequently pathogenic ex‐Treg contributing to (auto‐) inflammatory conditions. Here, we review how the Treg‐stabilizing epigenetic landscape is installed and maintained, and further discuss the development, necessity and lineage instability risks of TH1‐, TH2‐, TH17‐like Treg and follicular Treg.
Microstructure and nanomechanical properties of plasma‐sprayed nanostructured Yb2SiO5 environmental barrier coatings
Authors: Zheng Tao , Xu Baosheng , Wang Shun , Guo Donghui , Zhou Feifei , Wang You , Fang Daining
Published: December 2022

In this study, nanostructured and conventional Yb2SiO5 coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma. The microstructure and nanomechanical properties of these coatings were compared before and after heat treatment. The results show that the nanostructured Yb2SiO5 coatings have a mono‐modal distribution, and the conventional Yb2SiO5 coatings have a bimodal distribution. Both types of coatings had improved nanomechanical properties after heat treatment. However, the increased elastic modulus and nanohardness of the nanostructured Yb2SiO5 coating were more apparent than those of the conventional Yb2SiO5 coatings. The nanostructured Yb2SiO5 coating had a higher elastic modulus than the conventional Yb2SiO5 coating, reflecting its high density. Subsequently, the microscopic morphology and micromechanical properties of the coatings were analyzed after heat treatment. Defects in the coatings, including pores, and microcracks, were significantly reduced with grain growth after thermal treatment, and the nanostructured Yb2SiO5 coatings had improved healing ability and micro‐mechanical properties.
Pharmacological inhibition of SK‐channels with AP14145 prevents atrial arrhythmogenic changes in a porcine model for obstructive respiratory events
Authors: Linz Benedikt , Hesselkilde Eva M. , Skarsfeldt Mark A. , Hertel Julie N. , Sattler Stefan M. , Yan Yannan , Tfelt‐Hansen Jacob , Diness Jonas G. , Bentzen Bo H. , Linz Dominik , Jespersen Thomas
Published: December 2022

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) creates a complex substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF), which is refractory to many clinically available pharmacological interventions. We investigated atrial antiarrhythmogenic properties and ventricular electrophysiological safety of small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (SK)‐channel inhibition in a porcine model for obstructive respiratory events.

Methods

In spontaneously breathing pigs, obstructive respiratory events were simulated by intermittent negative upper airway pressure (INAP) applied via a pressure device connected to the intubation tube. INAP was applied for 75 s, every 10 min, three times before and three times during infusion of the SK‐channel inhibitor AP14145. Atrial effective refractory periods (AERP) were acquired before (pre‐INAP), during (INAP) and after (post‐) INAP. AF‐inducibility was determined by a S1S2 atrial pacing protocol. Ventricular arrhythmicity was evaluated by heart rate adjusted QT‐interval duration (QT‐paced) and electromechanical window (EMW) shortening.

Results

During vehicle infusion, INAP transiently shortened AERP (pre‐INAP: 135 ± 10 ms vs. post‐INAP 101 ± 11 ms; p = .008) and increased AF‐inducibility. QT‐paced prolonged during INAP (pre‐INAP 270 ± 7 ms vs. INAP 275 ± 7 ms; p = .04) and EMW shortened progressively throughout INAP and post‐INAP (pre‐INAP 80 ± 4 ms; INAP 59 ± 6 ms, post‐INAP 46 ± 10 ms). AP14145 prolonged baseline AERP, partially prevented INAP‐induced AERP‐shortening and reduced AF‐susceptibility. AP14145 did not alter QT‐paced at baseline (pre‐AP14145 270 ± 7 ms vs. AP14145 268 ± 6 ms, p = .83) or QT‐paced and EMW‐shortening during INAP.

Conclusion

In a pig model for obstructive respiratory events, the SK‐channel‐inhibitor AP14145 prevented INAP‐associated AERP‐shortening and AF‐susceptibility without impairing ventricular electrophysiology. Whether SK‐channels represent a target for OSA‐related AF in humans warrants further study.
Optimized prime editing efficiently generates heritable mutations in maize
Authors: Qiao Dexin , Wang Junya , Lu Min‐Hui , Xin Cuiping , Chai Yiping , Jiang Yuanyuan , Sun Wei , Cao Zhenghong , Guo Siyi , Wang Xue‐Chen , Chen Qi‐Jun
Published: December 2022

Low efficiency is the main obstacle to using prime editing in maize (Zea mays). Recently, prime‐editing efficiency was greatly improved in mammalian cells and rice (Oryza sativa) plants by engineering prime‐editing guide RNAs (pegRNAs), optimizing the prime editor (PE) protein, and manipulating cellular determinants of prime editing. In this study, we tested PEs optimized via these three strategies in maize. We demonstrated that the ePE5max system, composed of PEmax, epegRNAs (pegRNA‐evopreQ. 1), nicking single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), and MLH1dn, efficiently generated heritable mutations that conferred resistance to herbicides that inhibit 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS), acetolactate synthase (ALS), or acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) activity. Collectively, we demonstrate that the ePE5max system has sufficient efficiency to generate heritable (homozygous or heterozygous) mutations in maize target genes and that the main obstacle to using PEs in maize has thus been removed.
Initiating and Supporting Breastfeeding: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives
Authors: Pommeret‐de Villepin Brune , Barasinski Chloé , Rigourd Virginie
Published: December 2022

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for children for the first 4 to 6 months of life, with complementary foods added thereafter. It is the most ecological way of protecting the child's and mother's health. Training of health professionals is required to avoid transmitting inconsistent information in 3 areas: 1) implementing these 3 predictors: safe skin‐to‐skin, first breastfeed, and rooming‐in 24/7; 2) teaching and monitoring: i) early signs of waking and feeding rhythms, ii) positioning and latching, and iii) signs of effective transfer; and 3) referring women to specialized support services if difficulties arise (eg, inadequate milk production, pain, cracked nipples, engorgement). Breastfeeding should continue during mastitis or an abscess. Ultrasound‐guided needle aspiration is beneficial in treating an abscess.

Précis: Information is provided to enable health professionals to better support breastfeeding and help women with the most common difficulties, thus promoting breastfeeding initiation and duration.
Weight Changes, Nutritional Intake, Food Contaminants, and Supplements in Women of Childbearing Age, including Pregnant Women: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives
Authors: Lecorguillé Marion , Camier Aurore , Kadawathagedara Manik
Published: December 2022

Adequate maternal nutrition is crucial for a healthy pregnancy and optimal fetal growth. Many women in France of childbearing age start their pregnancy in an unfavorable nutritional status. Recent studies highlight the value of paying attention to weight issues from the preconceptional period. It is important to call attention to the need for folate supplementation and to promote a varied and balanced diet throughout pregnancy to cover essential nutritional needs.
Physical Activity During the Perinatal Period: Guidelines for Interventions During the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives
Authors: Boisseau Nathalie
Published: December 2022

The aim of this review is to provide an update on the beneficial effects of regular physical activity and/or less sedentary behavior before, during, and after pregnancy, based on data from the scientific literature and the recommendations of expert committees. In the preconception period, it is recommended that women perform 30 minutes to 1 hour of moderate‐to‐high intensity physical activity per day, at least 5 days a week, and avoid the absence of any physical activity for 2 consecutive days. Pregnant women should: i) start or continue to perform moderate‐intensity physical activity (up to 150 min/wk with at least 3 sessions longer than 30 min), ii) start or continue to do muscle strengthening activity involving the large muscle groups (once or twice a week). In the absence of medical contraindications, it is recommended that they continue physical activity (at least 30 min/d) during the postpartum period. Sedentary time must be limited, if possible, to less than 7 hours a day, regardless of the period.
Domestic Exposure to Chemicals in Household Products, Building Materials, Decoration, and Pesticides: Guidelines for Interventions During the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives
Authors: Rousseau Mélie , Rouzeau Camille , Bainvel Justine , Pelé Fabienne
Published: December 2022

Introduction

We are exposed to numerous pollutants inside our homes. The perinatal period represents a particular window of vulnerability during which these exposures can have negative health effects over a more or less long term. The objective of this article is to formulate guidelines for health care professionals and intended for parents to reduce exposure to chemical pollutants at home, based on the scientific literature and already existing guidelines.

Methods

We have followed the methodological procedures set forth by the French authority for health (HAS) to establish guidelines to limit exposure to pollutants in homes. This narrative review of the scientific literature was conducted with two principal objectives: (1) to identify priority substances emitted within homes and that have a reprotoxic potential and (2) to identify measures to limit exposure to these residential pollutants. The guidelines were developed from the data in the literature and from advice already made available by diverse institutions about environmental health during the perinatal period.

Results

Domestic pollutants are numerous and come from both common (that is, shared, eg, painting, cleaning, and maintenance work) and specific (use of household pesticides) sources. Numerous pollutants are suspected or known to produce developmental toxicity, that is, to be toxic to children during developmental stages. Removing some products from the home, protecting the vulnerable (ie, pregnant women and young children) from exposure, and airing the home are among the preventive measures proposed to limit exposure to these chemical substances.

Conclusion

Health care professionals can provide advice to parents during the perinatal period to diminish exposure to household pollutants. The lack of interventional studies nonetheless limits the level of evidence for most of these recommendations.
Melanated Group Midwifery Care: Centering the Voices of the Black Birthing Community
Authors: Liese Kylea , Stewart Karie , Pearson Pam , Lofton Saria , Mbande Tayo , Patil Crystal , Liu Li , Geller Stacie
Published: December 2022

Access to safe and dignified pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences is a fundamental right for all pregnant and postpartum people. In the United States, systemic racism fuels distrust and disengagement in a health care system that continues to dehumanize the Black community. The respectful maternity care literature explains how these systemic, structural, and institutional failings produce maternal health disparities and expose a pattern whereby Black women receive less adequate maternity care. The implementation of trustworthy policies and practices is urgently needed because no single intervention has or will substantially reduce maternal disparities. The purpose of this article is to describe a multicomponent maternity care innovation, Melanated Group Midwifery Care (MGMC). MGMC was codesigned with community partners and is responsive to the needs and desires of Black women, making MGMC a culturally adapted and patient‐centered model. Racial concordance among care providers and patients, group prenatal care, perinatal nurse navigation, and 12 months of in‐home postpartum doula support are 4 evidence‐based interventions that are bundled in MGMC. We posit that a model that restructures maternity care to increase health system accountability and aligns with the needs and desires of Black pregnant and postpartum people will increase trust in the health care system and result in better clinical, physical, emotional, and social outcomes.
Barriers and facilitators to primary care engagement for people who inject drugs: A systematic review
Authors: Heidari Omeid , Tormohlen Kayla , Dangerfield Derek T. , Tobin Karin E. , Farley Jason E , Aronowitz Shoshana V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

People who inject drugs (PWID) have a greater burden of multimorbid chronic diseases than the general population. However, little attention has been paid to the engagement in primary care for services related specifically to injection drug use and management of underlying chronic comorbid diseases for this population. This systematic review identified facilitators and barriers to healthcare engagement in the primary care setting among PWID.

Design and Methods

Studies were identified by a literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE, and by searching the references of retrieved articles. Studies were included if they measured active injection drug use, and outcomes related to primary care engagement characterized by: diagnosis of a health condition, linkage or retention in care, health condition‐related outcomes, and reported patient–provider relationship.

Results

Twenty‐three articles were included. Using the behavioral model, factors within predisposing, enabling, need, and health behavior domains were identified. Having co‐located services and a positive patient–provider relationship were among the strongest factors associated with healthcare utilization and engagement while active injection drug use was associated with decreased engagement.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the only review of evidence that has examined factors related to primary care engagement for people who inject drugs. Most articles were observational studies utilizing descriptive designs. Although the assessment of the evidence was primarily rated ‘Good’, this review identifies a significant need to improve our understanding of primary care engagement for PWID. Future research and intervention strategies should consider these findings to better integrate the holistic care needs of PWID into primary care to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with injection drug use and chronic disease.

Clinical relevance

Primary care engagement is important for preventative care, early diagnosis of disease, and management of chronic diseases, including addressing problems of substance use. This review highlights factors nurses can utilize to facilitate primary care engagement of PWID.
Protein microarray allergen profiling in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of horses with asthma
Authors: Wyler Michelle , Sage Sophie Elena , Marti Eliane , White Samuel , Gerber Vinzenz
Published: December 2022

Background

The diagnostic value of allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in horses with asthma is uncertain. A recently developed protein microarray detected abnormally high latex‐specific IgE concentrations in the serum of horses with severe asthma.

Objectives

The main objective was to characterize the IgE profiles of asthmatic horses in Switzerland using a protein microarray platform in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The secondary objective was to determine whether serological and BALF allergen‐specific IgE concentrations correlated.

Animals

Forty‐four asthmatic and 39 control horses ≥5 years of age.

Methods

This prospective cross‐sectional study investigated the sensitization profiles of horses with asthma compared with environmentally matched healthy controls. Both serum and BALF were analyzed using the protein microarray. Partial least square‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was used to identify and rank the importance of the allergens for class detection (ie, asthma vs control), with a variable influence on the projection (VIP) >1 considered significant.

Results

The allergens that best discriminated (VIP >1) asthmatic horses from controls were proteins derived from fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus), insects (Culicoides spp.), and latex (Hevea brasiliensis). The serological model predictive ability was markedly inferior (area under the curve [AUC] 0.585, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.454‐0.747) to that of the BALF (AUC 0.751, 95% CI: 0.582‐0.866). The two models shared nine allergens, of which eight showed significant weak to moderate correlations.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

The concentrations of several allergen‐specific IgE were higher in asthmatic horses. The protein microarray performed better on BALF than serum for detection of asthma. Serological IgE concentrations do not closely correlate with BALF concentrations and should be interpreted with caution.
Assessment of petrologic subtypes, subgroups, and pairing within CV chondrites in the US Antarctic meteorite collection
Authors: Righter Kevin , Jakubek Ryan S. , Fries Marc D. , Schutt John , Pando Kellye , Harrington Roger
Published: December 2022

Carbonaceous chondrites of the Vigarano group (CV) are primitive (nearly un‐metamorphosed) meteorites that provide a wealth of information about the early solar system, including constraints on chondrule formation, origin of calcium‐aluminum inclusions, stability of organic compounds, and redox conditions. The US Antarctic meteorite collection contains 119 CV samples from 15 dense collection areas (DCAs) from the TransAntarctic Mountains; these samples have been assigned a preliminary classification as CVs, but not to the subgroups oxidized A, oxidized B, and reduced. Furthermore, variation in petrologic grade can be determined non‐destructively using Raman spectroscopy. To update the classification of both subgroups and petrologic types in the collection, we have acquired magnetic susceptibility, metal and sulfide compositions, and Raman spectra. Overall, there are 55 oxidized A samples, 18 oxidized B samples, and 46 reduced samples. Several of the CVs are quite primitive (Lewis Cliffs Ice Tongue and MacAlpine Hills) but are also very small. Multiple pairing groups have been identified in the Miller Range (MIL), Queen Alexandra Range, and Larkman Nunatak DCAs, including all of the subgroups. In MIL 090981, there is evidence for multiple lithologies. We make suggested updates for all the samples, knowing that this information will help to better guide researchers interested in studying the CV chondrites in the US Antarctic meteorite collection.
Metabarcoding of trap nests reveals differential impact of urbanization on cavity‐nesting bee and wasp communities
Authors: Dürrbaum Ellen , Fornoff Felix , Scherber Christoph , Vesterinen Eero J. , Eitzinger Bernhard
Published: December 2022

Urbanization is affecting arthropod communities worldwide, for example by changing the availability of food resources. However, the strength and direction of a community's response is species‐specific and depends on species' trophic level. Here, we investigated interacting species at different trophic levels in nests of cavity‐nesting bees and wasps along two urbanization gradients in four German cities using trap nests. We analysed bee and wasp diversity and their trophic interaction partners by metabarcoding the DNA of bee pollen and preyed arthropods found in wasp nests. We found that the pollen richness increased with increasing distance from city centres and at sites characterized by a high percentage of impervious and developed surface, while the richness of pollinators was unaffected by urbanization. In contrast, species richness of wasps, but not their arthropod prey, was highest at sites with low levels of urbanization. However, the community structure of wasp prey changed with urbanization at both local and regional scales. Throughout the study area, the community of wasps consisted of specialists, while bee species were generalists. Our results suggest that Hymenoptera and their food resources are negatively affected by increasing urbanization. However, to understand distribution patterns of both, wasps and bees in urban settings other factors besides food availability should be considered.
Living with chronic infection: Persistent immunomodulation during avirulent haemoparasitic infection in a wild rodent
Authors: Taylor Christopher H. , Friberg Ida M. , Jackson Joseph A. , Arriero Elena , Begon Mike , Wanelik Klara M. , Paterson Steve , Bradley Janette E.
Published: December 2022

Apicomplexans are a protozoan phylum of obligate parasites which may be highly virulent during acute infections, but may also persist as chronic infections which appear to have little fitness cost. Babesia microti is an apicomplexan haemoparasite that, in immunocompromised individuals, can cause severe, potentially fatal disease. However, in its natural host, wild field voles (Microtus agrestis), it exhibits chronic infections that have no detectable impact on survival or female fecundity. How is damage minimized, and what is the impact on the host's immune state and health? We examine the differences in immune state (here represented by expression of immune‐related genes in multiple tissues) associated with several common chronic infections in a population of wild field voles. While some infections show little impact on immune state, we find strong associations between immune state and B. microti. These include indications of clearance of infected erythrocytes (increased macrophage activity in the spleen) and activity likely associated with minimizing damage from the infection (anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activity in the blood). By analysing gene expression from the same individuals at multiple time points, we show that the observed changes are a response to infection, rather than a risk factor. Our results point towards continual investment to minimize the damage caused by the infection. Thus, we shed light on how wild animals can tolerate some chronic infections, but emphasize that this tolerance does not come without a cost.
Financial dynamics in the medium run
Authors: Watanabe Toshio
Published: December 2022

We develop a medium‐run dynamic model to investigate the effects of financial factors and production technique on a capitalist economy. We incorporate neoclassical elements and contributions of Keynes, Kalecki, and Minsky into the model. We formulate a price decision and endogenous money supply mechanism. The medium‐run steady state is constrained by the normal capacity utilization rate. Moreover, the economy can become endogenously unstable if bank lending reacts excessively to the firm's profit rate. In a stable economy, an increase in the target‐inflation rate increases the expected inflation rate and interbank rate but does not affect the optimal labor‐capital ratio.
Chromobacterium violaceum: A rare opportunistic pathogen and clue for pediatric chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Barnes Peter , Gonzales Jesse , Hammond Daniel
Published: December 2022

Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare bacterium found in water and soil in tropical regions and typically presents with a localized skin infection or lymphadenitis which can progress to fulminant septicemia and even death. We describe a case of a 2‐year‐old boy with C. violaceum septicemia from a suspected skin source which was confirmed by wound, tissue and blood cultures. The discovery of this rare organism, subsequently led to the evaluation and identification of underlying chronic granulomatous disease.
A documented paradigm shift in seed sourcing: attitudinal changes to using local native seed for ecological restoration
Authors: Hancock Nola M. , Encinas‐Viso Francisco , Broadhurst Linda M.
Published: December 2022

Globally, there is an urgent need to improve ecological restoration despite multiple challenges, mostly related to the lack of natural and economic resources and the detrimental effects of climate change. While locally collected native seed has been the preferred seed‐sourcing strategy to achieve effective restoration outcomes, attitudes are changing. Using Australia as an example, we provide an overview of this paradigm shift toward collecting and using local seed. We found that in Australia there has been a substantial shift to combine local and non local seed for restoration across government agencies and land managers. This paradigm shift aims to improve restoration outcomes by increasing genetic diversity and to facilitate adaptation as climates rapidly change. We conclude that the increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events require governments, researchers, and practitioners to adapt to the changing requirements of seed‐based restoration.
The material study of American Protestantism
Authors: Brummitt Jamie L.
Published: December 2022

This article traces the history of the material study of American Protestantism from the 1980s to today. In the 1980s, a few scholars of American religions started to incorporate material culture studies into their work. They examined religious images, objects, places, and practices according to new interdisciplinary methods. By the mid‐1990s, the material study of American Protestantism exploded and emerged as a distinct subfield in the study of American religions. This subfield gave way to four general approaches, including studying American Protestantism as print culture, visual culture, material sensations, and new materialism. This article also presents themes that invigorate the subfield today, such as studying presence in Protestantism, texts as objects, the agency of objects, Black religious experiences, gender and sexuality, and cross‐cultural encounters. It concludes by offering insights into the influences and challenges of the subfield, as well as areas in the subfield that invite more research.
When cities take control: Explaining the diversity of complex local climate actions
Authors: Soni Anmol , Jose Justina , Kingsley Gordon A.
Published: December 2022

Cities face substantial risks of economic and physical losses from repeated exposure to climate hazards exacerbated by climate change. Drawing from the climate action and policy mix literatures, this study conceptualizes “climate action mix” defined as the diverse policy actions adopted by city governments to adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate hazards. This study makes a key contribution by analyzing the relation between the variety of hazards and the diversity of cities' climate action mixes. Deploying a modified Shannon diversity index, we develop a new measure of climate action mix by considering the breadth across different actions, and the depth of these efforts as measured by the progress along the policy cycle. We study an expansive range of mitigation and adaptation actions without imposing any domain or jurisdictional limitations in 162 cities across the United States. The analysis reveals a bifurcation in approaches where some cities have not adopted any policies, while others have a diverse mix of adaptation and mitigation actions in various stages of policy progression. We find that climate hazards drive local action—cities that experience multiple threats react by taking a diverse mix of climate actions. Cities broadly utilize global climate networks that offer policy learning opportunities and local networks that might promote a shared understanding of environmental threats leading to diverse climate action mixes. Finally, a city's capacity to develop climate adaptation and mitigation plans is positively related to a diverse portfolio of climate actions.
The influence of mountainous relief on the vertical gradient of precipitation and pluvial zoning in the central slope of the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Soto Victor , Cervantes Juan
Published: December 2022

Although variation of air temperature with respect to terrain altitude is widely understood, less is known about the altitudinal behaviour of precipitation. The eastern slope of Mexico is the most contrasting physiographic province of the country due to its relief. This area is also one of the most important regions of Mexico and of the intertropical region of America because of its biodiversity. Due to the vital and ecosystemic value of precipitation, this work seeks to analyse the altitudinal distribution of precipitation as a function of the relief. Our main methodology consisted of analysing the climatological normal of 86 weather stations to determine accumulated precipitation during rainy, dry and annual periods. Precipitation was correlated with the altitude of the relief, which allowed the study area to be divided into groups relative to the degree of accumulated rainfall throughout the year, as well as by the gradient of variation according to the elevation of the terrain. The results indicated that during the year, precipitation was favoured by the humidity of the Gulf of Mexico and decreased at a rate of ‐3.7 mm/m in coastal areas. Subsequently, precipitation increased with the altitude of the relief at a rate of 0.7 mm/m, between ~700 and ~ 1500 masl, which is where the greatest accumulation of rainfall was concentrated. Thereafter, it decreased by ‐0.9 mm/m until it reached the highest volcanic watershed. Crossing this watershed, the foehn effect caused rainfall rates to be much lower than on the windward slope, where the central plateau of the country begins.
Understanding the spatial knowledge of freshmen and sophomores about their university campus: A case study from Jimei University, Xiamen, China
Authors: Xie Jinghan , Yan Yingwei
Published: December 2022

The influence of environmental familiarity on spatial knowledge development in the context of campuses and their surrounding environments has been well documented. However, existing studies have rarely stressed the distinction between the architectural styles of a campus and its surrounding environment. This study thus targets a campus with a historical architectural style that contrasts strongly with the surrounding modern environment, to gain a fresh view on how spatial knowledge develops with environmental familiarity on such a unique campus. This study recruited 30 freshmen and 28 sophomores to complete landmark selection, route sketching, and distance estimation tasks used to measure their spatial knowledge. The results mainly revealed that spatial knowledge developed by freshmen and sophomores stayed at a similar level as no significant differences were detected. As such, the key implication of this study is that spatial knowledge could be developed to the largest cognitive extent within a short period (i.e., 1.5 months) after students have entered a new campus in which the architectural style contrasts strongly with its surrounding environment. Increased environmental familiarity did not significantly promote their spatial knowledge development as sophomores with about an added year of campus stay performed similarly to freshmen.
Democracy for whom? How criminal punishment marginalizes the political voices of Black and Brown Americans
Authors: Remster Brianna , Kramer Rory
Published: December 2022

U.S. racialized punishment practices have long harmed communities of color in sundry ways, including access to democratic processes. Synthesizing scholarship on punishment and democracy that centers the lived experiences and political subjectivities of Black and Brown Americans, we argue that criminal punishment is a powerful form of political marginalization that diminishes the political voices of Black and Brown Americans en masse and simultaneously amplifies the voices of White Americans. To illuminate how punishment (re)produces systemic racial inequities in democratic processes, we focus on two distinct but related marginalizations: disenfranchisement for a felony conviction and prison gerrymandering. These deep‐rooted “colorblind” policies did not draw scholarly attention until recent decades, well after district boundaries and election outcomes across the country were impacted. To help understand that delay, we highlight the utility of applying an emancipatory, Du Boisian lens with an example from our past work. Looking to the future, we argue that DuBois's tenets should inform punishment scholarship regardless of methodology or data type. Doing so will help identify more hidden forms of political marginalization in a timely manner, enable scholars to investigate the potential multiplicative effects of those marginalizations, and increase the potential impact of that work beyond the academy.
Within‐ and between‐person associations among internalizing and externalizing problems during middle childhood
Authors: Keskin Gizem , Lougheed Jessica P. , Duncan Robert
Published: December 2022

Internalizing and externalizing problems are likely to co‐occur in childhood and are related to concurrent and prospective mental health outcomes. We examined the longitudinal relations among internalizing and externalizing problems during middle childhood utilizing the Random Intercept – Cross Lagged Panel Model. We investigated three research questions: (1) how overall levels of internalizing and externalizing problems are related, (2) whether internalizing and externalizing problems predict each other longitudinally, and (3) whether girls and boys show different longitudinal associations among internalizing and externalizing problems. Mother‐reported internalizing and externalizing problems were used through first to sixth grade (N = 1364). Results showed positive random intercepts and positive within‐time correlations of internalizing and externalizing problems. Further, internalizing problems predicted externalizing problems at the within‐person level. Although previous research mostly has shown a significant effect from externalizing problems to internalizing problems, the current study shows that when within‐ and between‐person variance are disentangled, internalizing problems also may predict externalizing problems.
Bringing critical social psychology to the study of political polarization
Authors: Balinhas Daniel
Published: December 2022

The study of political polarization, in both its ideological and its affective expressions, has garnered significantly more interest over the last years. But despite recent research on the conceptualization, measurement, causes, and consequences of this socio‐political phenomenon, and some tentative interventions to mitigate it, relevant new avenues remain surprisingly underdeveloped. Indeed, scholarship in the field of political polarization, mainly in the case of affective polarization, frequently uses cognitivist approaches to make sense of the growing antipathy between different social and political groups. However, the bulk of this work seems to overlook valuable insights into the psychology of intergroup conflict, stereotyping, prejudice reduction, and discourse studies. The aim of this paper is to underline the main gaps in the political polarization literature, to subsequently argue how knowledge linked to the tradition of critical social psychology can help in filling them. Ultimately, the article aims to contribute to the psychosocial study of political polarization and to the design, if necessary, of interventions to counter its detrimental consequences.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*15:504:02 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Pan Li , Tang Wenqiang , Zhang Anqi , Liu Wei , Fu Bo
Published: December 2022

The HLA‐B*15:504:02 allele differs from HLA‐B*15:504:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 165 within exon 2.
Characterization of the novel alleles: HLA‐A*31:212, HLA‐B*50:01:20 and HLA‐C*03:593
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Nizamov Shamil , Gusev Oleg , Shagimardanova Elena
Published: December 2022

Three novel HLA alleles HLA‐A*31:212, HLA‐B*50:01:20 and HLA‐C*03:593 alleles detected during routine next generation sequencing.
The novel HLA‐A*24:582 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Liu Lin , Zheng Zhong‐Zheng , Du Ke‐Ming , An Lin , Wang San‐Bin
Published: December 2022

HLA‐A*24:582 differs from HLA‐A*24:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 1.
Use of next‐generation sequencing to detect polymorphism of 11 HLA allele loci in the Chinese Han population and variance from other common and well‐documented lists
Authors: Jiang Xue , Yuan Xiaoni , Li Yang , Zhang TengTeng , Chen Luyao , Bao Xiaojing , He Jun
Published: December 2022

The focus of this study was to analyze polymorphisms in the HLA gene at 11 loci in 4845 Chinese Han populations using next‐generation sequencing methods, and to compare common and well‐documented (CWD) allelic differences between China and other CWD lists. A total of 44 DPB1 alleles, 13 DPA1 alleles, 20 DQA1 alleles and 19 DRB3/4/5 alleles were detected in this study. About 20%–50% of the CWD alleles in China differ from the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics and European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI) data. The revised list of HLA‐CWD alleles in the Han population will provide additional data for the update of the IMGT/HLA database and contribute to a better understanding of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and organ transplantation.
Identification of two novel HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01 intronic variants: HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:47 and ‐DQB1*03:01:01:48
Authors: Gil Etayo Francisco Javier , Niño Ramírez Jairo Eduardo , Vicente Parra Ariadna , García Sanz Ramón , Tejeda Velarde Amalia
Published: December 2022

Two different single nucleotide substitutions in intron 1 give rise to the alleles HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:47 and DQB1*03:01:01:48.
Access to opioid analgesics for medical use at hospital level in the Democratic Republic of Congo: An exploratory mixed‐method study
Authors: Zandibeni Jacques , de Béthune Xavier , Debethel Bitumba Jean , Mantempa Jocelyn , Tshilolo Léon , Ndona Jackie , Kabemba Mbaya Alain , Kabamb Kabey Donatien , Mubeneshayi Kananga Anselme , Ravinetto Raffaella
Published: December 2022

Objective

To investigate the availability of and access to opioid analgesics at hospital level in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Methods

Exploratory mixed‐method study combining a descriptive survey of the availability of opioid analgesics at hospital pharmacies with a qualitative survey that explored the experiences and perceptions of healthcare workers, managers, patients and caregivers, by means of a short questionnaire and of semi‐structured interviews. The study was conducted in a convenience sample of 12 hospitals, located in five different provinces, in 2021.

Results

The quality and completeness of stock data for opioid analgesics were generally poor. Stock‐outs were frequent. Only five hospital pharmacies had records on prescriptions of opioids in 2020. In‐patients and caregivers indicated they generally must purchase opioids out‐of‐pocket, sometimes far from the place of residence. Doctors and nurses confirmed that prescribed opioids are often unavailable at the hospital pharmacy. Furthermore, they suggested an important need of training in pain management with opioids, and of effective regulation to ensure opioid availability. Pharmacists and managers recognised important weaknesses in the processes of needs quantification, stock management, planning and supply.

Conclusions

Our exploratory study suggests the need of a complex set of coordinated actions to be undertaken by all relevant actors in DRC to correct the poor practices in opioids' management and to improve opioids' availability, affordability and adequate use. This will require a change of mindset to overcome the neglect of the health needs of persons with acute and chronic pain.
Henipaviruses and lyssaviruses target nucleolar treacle protein and regulate ribosomal RNA synthesis
Authors: Rawlinson Stephen M. , Zhao Tianyue , Ardipradja Katie , Zhang Yilin , Veugelers Patrick F. , Harper Jennifer A. , David Cassandra T. , Sundaramoorthy Vinod , Moseley Gregory W.
Published: December 2022

The nucleolus is a common target of viruses and viral proteins, but for many viruses the functional outcomes and significance of this targeting remains unresolved. Recently, the first intranucleolar function of a protein of a cytoplasmically‐replicating negative‐sense RNA virus (NSV) was identified, with the finding that the matrix (M) protein of Hendra virus (HeV) (genus Henipavirus, family Paramyxoviridae) interacts with Treacle protein within nucleolar subcompartments and mimics a cellular mechanism of the nucleolar DNA‐damage response (DDR) to suppress ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis. Whether other viruses utilise this mechanism has not been examined. We report that sub‐nucleolar Treacle targeting and modulation is conserved between M proteins of multiple Henipaviruses, including Nipah virus and other potentially zoonotic viruses. Furthermore, this function is also evident for P3 protein of rabies virus, the prototype virus of a different RNA virus family (Rhabdoviridae), with Treacle depletion in cells also found to impact virus production. These data indicate that unrelated proteins of viruses from different families have independently developed nucleolar/Treacle targeting function, but that modulation of Treacle has distinct effects on infection. Thus, subversion of Treacle may be an important process in infection by diverse NSVs, and so could provide novel targets for antiviral approaches with broad specificity.
Advancing EBP culture and competencies through an academic‐research partnership: Process and outcomes of an EBP scholar program
Authors: Li Hong , Tyson Sheryl , Meyers Eva A. , Ada Hazel , Jordan Michael
Published: December 2022

Background

Evidence‐based practice (EBP) is increasingly being adopted in healthcare organizations to improve patient care and outcomes. Yet, barriers remain that prevent consistent implementation of EBP in clinical settings.

Aims

To increase EBP competencies and promote practice change, a regional academic‐community hospital in Los Angeles, California, jointly with a university school of nursing, developed and implemented an EBP scholar program.

Methods

A multistep EBP process was delivered during monthly didactic workshops to ensure optimal delivery and acquisition of EBP core competencies. The Iowa Model of Evidence‐Based Practice to Promote Quality Care was integrated into the curriculum to assist program scholar's efforts to systematically direct EBP implementation at the organizational level. Additional strategies were incorporated including one‐to‐one mentoring, institutional recognition, and protected time. The 13‐item EBP Competency Scale for practicing registered professional nurses was used to measure EBP competency at baseline and post‐program completion.

Results

Five recruited scholars completed the baseline survey and three completed the postsurvey. EBP competency increased from 52.9% to 62.75%. Scholars submitted abstracts for conference poster presentation, podium presentations, and conference poster awards. One article was submitted and accepted for journal publication.

Linking Evidence to Action

A multistep EBP process can enhance EBP delivery, improve EBP competency, and facilitate dissemination.