bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religiosity, Spirituality and Biopsychological Age of Professionals in Russia
Authors: Koteneva Anna V. , Berezina Tatiana N. , Rybtsov Stanislav A.
Published: October 2021

The challenges of modern civilization resulted in the premature biological and psychological aging of professionals of working age. This phenomenon raises both medical and psychological problems associated with personality factors that affect psychobiological maturity and the rate of aging. The influence of religiosity and spirituality on biopsychological age remains the least studied area of psychology. Progress in this area will help to identify the components of religiosity—predictors of the aging rate of professionals. The sample included 295 people (148 women) aged 24 to 54 years (average age 31.7 years) and consisted of Christians (67.12%), Muslims (5.76%), Buddhists, deists, Shintoists, etc., (7.79%) and atheists (17.29%). The average work experience was 9 years. Using correlation analysis and methods of multivariate linear regression and t-test for independent samples, we found that the religiosity of professionals increases with natural aging and deterioration of their physical condition and does not depend on gender. Religiosity to a greater extent affects psychological age, the indicator of the psychobiological maturity of a professional and, to a lesser extent, biological age. Most of the indicators of religiosity are inherent in a person who is more mature in psychobiological terms. The biological age of professionals increases due to asthenic experiences, while gaining faith in God, unusual religious experiences and the existential meaning of life can reduce it. An increase in the spirituality of professionals is associated with a slowdown in the rate of biological aging.
Multi-Domain Time-Sensitive Networks—Control Plane Mechanisms for Dynamic Inter-Domain Stream Configuration
Authors: Böhm Martin , Wermser Diederich
Published: October 2021

Inter-domain communication in time-sensitive networks (TSN) has been identified as a requirement for various use cases. The TSN Toolbox provides standards for dynamic stream reservations, which is needed for, e.g., batch size 1 production, but these standards do not support the interaction on the control plane between multiple TSN domains. This paper presents control plane mechanisms for multi-domain time sensitive networks (MDTSNs) integrating an east–westbound protocol in the existing TSN control plane, in order to achieve multi-domain on-demand end-to-end bounded-latency TSN streams. Solutions for issues resulting from MDTSN, particularly the inter-domain forwarding offset, are presented. A proof of concept has been implemented and evaluated in a physical MDTSN test environment in order to prove the viability of the mechanisms developed.
Milk Fermentation by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Streptococcus thermophilus SY-102: Proteolytic Profile and ACE-Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Sebastián-Nicolas Jessica Lizbeth , Contreras-López Elizabeth , Ramírez-Godínez Juan , Cruz-Guerrero Alma Elizabeth , Rodríguez-Serrano Gabriela Mariana , Añorve-Morga Javier , Jaimez-Ordaz Judith , Castañeda-Ovando Araceli , Pérez-Escalante Emmanuel , Ayala-Niño Alexis , González-Olivares Luis Guillermo
Published: October 2021

Health benefits of probiotics and production of inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) released during milk fermentation are well known. That is why in this investigation the proteolytic profile and ACE inhibitory capacity of peptide fractions from protein hydrolysis of milk during fermentation processes was analyzed. Milk fermentation was carried out inoculating 106 CFU of L. rhamnosus GG, S. thermophilus SY-102 and with both bacteria. The proteolytic profile was determined using: TNBS, SDS-PAGE and SEC-HPLC techniques. In vitro ACE inhibition capacity was measured. The pH of 4.5 was reached at 56 h when the milk was fermented with L. rhamnosus, at 12 h with S. thermophillus and at 41 h in the co-culture. Production of free amino groups corresponded with the profile of low molecular weight peptides observed by SDS-PAGE and SEC-HPLC. Co-culture fermentation showed both the highest concentration of low molecular weight peptides and the ACE inhibitory activity (>80%). Results indicated that the combination of lactic cultures could be useful in manufacture of fermented milk with an added value that goes beyond basic nutrition, such as the production of ACE-inhibitory peptides.
Evaluating the Persistence of Post-Wildfire Ash: A Multi-Platform Spatiotemporal Analysis
Authors: Lewis Sarah A. , Robichaud Peter R. , Hudak Andrew T. , Strand Eva K. , Eitel Jan U. H. , Brown Robert E.
Published: October 2021

As wildland fires amplify in size in many regions in the western USA, land and water managers are increasingly concerned about the deleterious effects on drinking water supplies. Consequences of severe wildfires include disturbed soils and areas of thick ash cover, which raises the concern of the risk of water contamination via ash. The persistence of ash cover and depth were monitored for up to 90 days post-fire at nearly 100 plots distributed between two wildfires in Idaho and Washington, USA. Our goal was to determine the most ‘cost’ effective, operational method of mapping post-wildfire ash cover in terms of financial, data volume, time, and processing costs. Field measurements were coupled with multi-platform satellite and aerial imagery collected during the same time span. The image types spanned the spatial resolution of 30 m to sub-meter (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, WorldView-2, and a drone), while the spectral resolution spanned visible through SWIR (short-wave infrared) bands, and they were all collected at various time scales. We that found several common vegetation and post-fire spectral indices were correlated with ash cover (r = 0.6–0.85); however, the blue normalized difference vegetation index (BNDVI) with monthly Sentinel-2 imagery was especially well-suited for monitoring the change in ash cover during its ephemeral period. A map of the ash cover can be used to estimate the ash load, which can then be used as an input into a hydrologic model predicting ash transport and fate, helping to ultimately improve our ability to predict impacts on downstream water resources.
Study on the Influence of Three Factors on Mass Loss and Surface Fractal Dimension of Concrete in Sulfuric Acid Environments
Authors: Xiao Jie , Long Xiang , Li Long , Jiang Haibo , Zhang Yaowen , Qu Wenjun
Published: October 2021

When exposed to sulfuric acid environments, the service life of concrete structures would be reduced due to the high alkalinity of concrete. The influence of three factors including water/cement ratio, the pH value of the solution, and the chemical composition of the aggregate on the resistance of concrete subjected to sulfuric acid has been widely investigated by previous researchers. This paper aims to investigate the influence of these three factors on the durability evaluation indicators including mass loss and surface fractal dimension through orthogonal experiments, which has been reported rarely in previous research. Four combinations of coarse and fine aggregate including gravel and river sand, gravel and crushed marble sand, crushed marble stone and river sand, and crushed marble stone and marble sand were adopted, and three water/cement ratios including 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55 were selected, and the sulfuric acid solution pH values 0.95, 2, and 4 were chosen in this paper. The results showed that the larger the water/cement ratio, the smaller the mass loss and the surface fractal dimension of the specimens, and with the decrease of the pH value of the sulfuric acid solution, the mass loss and the surface fractal dimension of the specimens would be increased. The concrete specimen containing gravel and river sand had the greatest surface fractal dimension and greatest mass loss, while the concrete specimen containing crushed marble sand had a smaller surface fractal dimension and a smaller mass loss. The dominant and secondary order of three factors on mass loss and surface fractal dimension of concrete subjected to sulfuric acid was the pH value of the solution > the chemical composition of the aggregate > the water/cement ratio.
Fractional Dynamics of Typhoid Fever Transmission Models with Mass Vaccination Perspectives
Authors: Abboubakar Hamadjam , Kom Regonne Raissa , Sooppy Nisar Kottakkaran
Published: October 2021

In this work, we formulate and mathematically study integer and fractional models of typhoid fever transmission dynamics. The models include vaccination as a control measure. After recalling some preliminary results for the integer model (determination of the epidemiological threshold denoted by Rc, asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point without disease whenever Rc<1, the existence of an equilibrium point with disease whenever Rc>1), we replace the integer derivative with the Caputo derivative. We perform a stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium and prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the fractional model using fixed point theory. We construct the numerical scheme and prove its stability. Simulation results show that when the fractional-order η decreases, the peak of infected humans is delayed. To reduce the proliferation of the disease, mass vaccination combined with environmental sanitation is recommended. We then extend the previous model by replacing the mass action incidences with standard incidences. We compute the corresponding epidemiological threshold denoted by Rc⋆ and ensure the uniform stability of the disease-free equilibrium, for both new models, when Rc⋆<1. A new calibration of the new model is conducted with real data of Mbandjock, Cameroon, to estimate Rc⋆=1.4348. We finally perform several numerical simulations that permit us to conclude that such diseases can possibly be tackled through vaccination combined with environmental sanitation.
Abstract Fractional Monotone Approximation with Applications
Authors: Anastassiou George A.
Published: October 2021

Here we extended our earlier fractional monotone approximation theory to abstract fractional monotone approximation, with applications to Prabhakar fractional calculus and non-singular kernel fractional calculi. We cover both the left and right sides of this constrained approximation. Let f∈Cp−1,1, p≥0 and let L be a linear abstract left or right fractional differential operator such that Lf≥0 over 0,1 or −1,0, respectively. We can find a sequence of polynomials Qn of degree ≤n such that LQn≥0 over 0,1 or −1,0, respectively. Additionally f is approximated quantitatively with rates uniformly by Qn with the use of first modulus of continuity of fp.
Certain Inequalities Pertaining to Some New Generalized Fractional Integral Operators
Authors: Srivastava Hari Mohan , Kashuri Artion , Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Nonlaopon Kamsing
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we introduce the generalized left-side and right-side fractional integral operators with a certain modified ML kernel. We investigate the Chebyshev inequality via this general family of fractional integral operators. Moreover, we derive new results of this type of inequalities for finite products of functions. In addition, we establish an estimate for the Chebyshev functional by using the new fractional integral operators. From our above-mentioned results, we find similar inequalities for some specialized fractional integrals keeping some of the earlier results in view. Furthermore, two important results and some interesting consequences for convex functions in the framework of the defined class of generalized fractional integral operators are established. Finally, two basic examples demonstrated the significance of our results.
Effect of Magnetic Field with Parabolic Motion on Fractional Second Grade Fluid
Authors: Iftikhar Nazish , Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Awrejcewicz Jan , Akgül Ali
Published: October 2021

This paper is an analysis of the flow of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) second grade fluid (SGF) under the influence of chemical reaction, heat generation/absorption, ramped temperature and concentration and thermodiffusion. The fluid was made to flow through a porous medium. It has been proven in many already-published articles that heat and mass transfer do not always follow the classical mechanics process that is known as memoryless process. Therefore, the model using classical differentiation based on the rate of change cannot really replicate such a dynamical process very accurately; thus, a different concept of differentiation is needed to capture such a process. Very recently, new classes of differential operators were introduced and have been recognized to be efficient in capturing processes following the power law, the decay law and the crossover behaviors. For the study of heat and mass transfer, we applied the newly introduced differential operators to model such flow. The equations for heat, mass and momentum are established in the terms of Caputo (C), Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) and Atangana–Baleanu in Caputo sense (ABC) fractional derivatives. The Laplace transform, inversion algorithm and convolution theorem were used to derive the exact and semi-analytical solutions for all cases. The obtained analytical solutions were plotted for different values of existing parameters. It is concluded that the fluid velocity shows increasing behavior for κ, Gr and Gm, while velocity decreases for Pr and M. For Kr, both velocity and concentration curves show decreasing behavior. Fluid flow accelerates under the influence of Sr and R. Temperature and concentration profiles increase for Sr and R. Moreover, the ABC fractional operator presents a larger memory effect than C and CF fractional operators.
Towards Sustainable Liveable City: Management Operations of Shared Autonomous Cargo-Bike Fleets
Authors: Haj Salah Imen , Mukku Vasu Dev , Kania Malte , Assmann Tom
Published: October 2021

Finding a sustainable mobility solution for the future is one of the most competitive challenges in the logistics and mobility sector at present. Policymakers, researchers, and companies are working intensively to provide novel options that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. While autonomous car-sharing services have been introduced as a very promising solution, an innovative alternative is arising: the use of self-driving bikes. Shared autonomous cargo-bike fleets are likely to increase the livability and sustainability of the city, as the use of cargo-bikes in an on-demand mobility service can replace the use of cars for short-distance trips and enhance connectivity to public transportation. However, more research is needed to develop this new concept. In this paper, we investigate different rebalancing strategies for an on-demand, shared-use, self-driving cargo-bikes service (OSABS). We simulate a case study of the system in the inner city of Magdeburg using AnyLogic. The simulation model allows us to evaluate the impact of rebalancing on service level, idle mileage, and energy consumption. We conclude that the best proactive rebalancing strategy for our case study is to relocate bikes only between neighboring regions. We also acknowledge the importance of bike relocation to improve service efficiency and reduce fleet size.
Genes Associated with Disturbed Cerebral Neurogenesis in the Embryonic Brain of Mouse Models of Down Syndrome
Authors: Ishihara Keiichi
Published: October 2021

Down syndrome (DS), also known as trisomy 21, is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability. Although the mechanism remains unknown, delayed brain development is assumed to be involved in DS intellectual disability. Analyses with human with DS and mouse models have shown that defects in embryonic cortical neurogenesis may lead to delayed brain development. Cre-loxP-mediated chromosomal engineering has allowed the generation of a variety of mouse models carrying various partial Mmu16 segments. These mouse models are useful for determining genotype–phenotype correlations and identifying dosage-sensitive genes involved in the impaired neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize several candidate genes and pathways that have been linked to defective cortical neurogenesis in DS.
Is It Time for a More Holistic Approach to the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma?
Authors: Sharpley Faye Amelia , Miller Hannah , Spencer Roxanne , Bradwell Dane , Parkinson Janet , Ibbotson Yvette , Jowitt Simon
Published: October 2021

In the UK, approximately 5820 new cases of multiple myeloma (MM) are diagnosed each year. This number has increased by a third since the early 1990s. Considerable progress has been achieved in our ability to treat MM as a result of the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. MM is a disease more commonly seen in elderly individuals who frequently have pre-existing co-morbidities and are subject to social pressures that impact adversely on their quality of life (QOL). As their lives are extended by more effective treatment of MM, there is a greater need to address such issues. This review will focus on the holistic needs of a patient with MM, and how all members of the multidisciplinary team have a role. The aim is to advocate for centres to support MM patients to live well with their condition.
Pottery of Early Iron Age from the Glinjeni II-La Șanț (North-Western Pontic Sea Region): Composition, Technology and Raw Material Sources
Authors: Kulkova Marianna A. , Kashuba Maya T. , Kulkov Aleksandr M. , Vetrova Maria N.
Published: October 2021

Transition to the Early Iron Age was marked by the appearance of innovations such as iron technology and changes in the lifestyle of local societies on the territory of the North-Western Pontic Sea region. One of the most interesting sites of this period is the Glinjeni II-La Șanț fortified settlement, located in the Middle Dniester basin (Republic of Moldova). Materials of different cultural traditions belonged to the Cozia-Saharna culture (10th–9th cc. BC) and the Basarabi-Șoldănești culture (8th–beginning of 7th cc. BC) were found on this site. The article presents the results of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of ceramic sherds from these archaeological complexes and cultural layers as well as raw clay sources from this area. The archaeometry analysis, such as the XRF-WD, the thin section analysis, SEM-EDX of ceramics, m-CT of pottery were carried out. The study of ancient pottery through a set of mineralogical and geochemical analytic methods allowed us to obtain new results about ceramic technology in different chronological periods, ceramic paste recipes and firing conditions. Correlation of archaeological and archaeometry data of ceramics from the Glinjeni II-La Șanț site gives us the possibility to differ earlier and later chronological markers in the paste recipes of pottery of 10th–beginning of 7th cc. BC in the region of the Middle Dniester basin.
Co-Creation of Narratives for “Minor” Sites of Cultural Heritage in Euro-Mediterranean Peri-Urban Areas: Conditions of a Small Temple on the East Coast of Attica, Greece
Authors: Torre Attilio , Christodoulou Charis
Published: October 2021

The protection and enhancement of places of cultural heritage in their contemporary context stand as major challenges in Euro-Mediterranean peri-urban areas, where heritage is vast and urbanization pressure is extremely high. This article refers to those historical and archaeological sites that are considered “minor” as they lack “exceptional character”, or they appear in the shadow of major monuments and, thus, fall marginally within the scope of mainstream cultural policy priorities to protect and enhance significant monuments and heritage sites. This study presents the results of exploratory qualitative research that addresses questions about the in situ actual future and potential role of “minor” sites in cultural heritage awareness-raising and management. In a sustainable perspective, this article discusses the value of heritage fragments and public involvement in their enhancement within their territory with the use of digital resources and ICT. This study focuses on the alienated Small Temple on the beach of Loutsa within the wider archaeological area of Vravrona on the east coast of the metropolitan area of Attica/Athens. It concludes that co-creation of shared narratives can create a dynamic interface and constructive involvement of stakeholders and local communities provided that smart applications are combined and adapted to the specificities and conditions of the wider context.
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the World Architectural Heritage
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Zhang Jiazhen , Cenci Jeremy , Becue Vincent
Published: October 2021

This research focusing on the world architectural heritage sites registered in the World Heritage List established by UNESCO aimed to analyze its spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors at the world and regional level to provide a scientific basis for further architectural heritage conservation. Firstly, this study explored the spatial distribution characteristics of the world architectural heritage sites using the ArcGIS spatial analysis method. Then, we used the space–time statistical method to analyze their spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. The main findings are as follows: (1) world architectural heritage sites are distributed in clusters with imbalanced patterns and a strong degree of concentration: in Western Europe, Eastern Asia, and Northwestern Latin America, with clear country distribution, especially in Italy, China, and Mexico; (2) the time of construction can be divided into four stages: the ancient historic sites stage, the uniform and stable stage, the stage of growth in Asia and Europe, and the stage of growth in Europe, America, and Africa; (3) different types of heritage sites are unevenly distributed, and the type distribution differs significantly between regions, with regional uniqueness. The authors also analyzed the influencing factors of the spatial distribution characteristics and highlighted the important influence of the geographical environment, historical evolution, economic strength and discourse power, international heritage protection situation, and registration policy. This study may provide basis for specific guidance and directions for heritage protection for various countries and regions.
Study of a Late Bronze Age Casting Mould and Its Black Residue by 3D Imaging, pXRF, SEM-EDS, Micro-FTIR and Micro-Raman
Authors: Figueiredo Elin , Bottaini Carlo , Miguel Catarina , Lackinger Aaron , Mirão José , Comendador Rey Beatriz
Published: October 2021

In the present work, a fragment of a stone mould recently found in Galicia (NW Spain) was studied by multiple analytical techniques approach involving 3D optical imaging reconstruction to obtain data about the shape of the mould, typology of artefact produced, and distribution of a black residue at the surface of the mould and pXRF, SEM-EDS, micro-FTIR, and micro-Raman to investigate the nature of the black residue. The study shows that the mould was likely used for socketed axes with a side loop, was originally composed of two valves and one core, and that it might have been subjected to a repair during use. The black residue is distributed in the carved surface and spreads to nearby surfaces as a result of the use of the mould. The alloy cast in the mould was a ternary bronze (Cu + Sn + Pb). The analyses by SEM-EDS of black residue covering the surface did show the presence of scattered micro particles with P and Ca, and micro-Raman analysis detected the presence of a carbon black of animal source, while micro-FTIR analysis detected remains of proteins, oxalates, and hydroxyapatite. These results are amongst the very few studies made on black residues of ancient moulds and suggest that the mould was dressed with a carbon black of animal origin, such as burned bones, prior to metal casting, probably used as a coating agent to improve the casting and artefact recovery.
Identifying the Industrial Cultural Heritage of Athens, Greece, through Digital Applications
Authors: Andrioti Niovi , Kanetaki Eleni , Drinia Hara , Kanetaki Zoe , Stefanis Alexis
Published: October 2021

In Greece, the appreciation of industrial buildings is relatively recent, with the legal authorities having recognized their historical value by listing them as monuments. Nineteenth century industrial buildings can be identified as cultural monuments of the past, as well as assist in the reconstruction of urban landscapes. Additionally, individual initiatives, organized by volunteers, present the necessity for documentation through relevant research projects. The reuse of industrial buildings for cultural activities has lately become a common practice. In Athens, a large number of buildings dated to the industrial revolution and that present historical and architectural features worthy of being preserved have been recorded. Following the philosophy of smart cities, this paper presents a digital inventory of the industrial buildings located in the historical center of Athens; many of which have recently been adapted to host cultural activities. Τhe use of smart technology, by creating a digital application for smart phones, will provide access to a continuously enriched registry, via interactive maps. This initiative will promote the buildings’ past and present use and, moreover, the creative concept of their multiple functions. The suggested model of cultural management is applicable to every industrial building in Athens.
Identification of Dyes in Coptic Textiles from the Museum of Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University
Authors: Karapanagiotis Ioannis , Abdel-Kareem Omar , Kamaterou Paraskevi , Mantzouris Dimitrios
Published: October 2021

High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a Diode-Array-Detector (HPLC-DAD) is used to investigate samples which were extracted from ancient Egyptian textiles (4th–5th c. AD) of the Museum of Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University. Madder is identified in several samples. According to semi-quantitative results, which are obtained from HPLC peak areas measured at 254 nm, madder that is rich in purpurin and poor in alizarin is identified in samples which were treated (i) only with madder and (ii) with madder and either indigo/woad (Indigofera species and other/Isatis tinctoria L.) or weld (Reseda luteola L.). The madder dye used in these samples could have been originated from Rubia peregrina L. However, the possible use of Rubia tinctorum L. (or other plants of the Rubiaceae family) by the Egyptian dyers cannot be ruled out, particularly if methods were developed by the ancient dyers to affect and control the relative composition of madder dye. The HPLC peak area ratio of alizarin versus purpurin is very high (>2.2) for samples which were treated with madder (probably originated from R. tinctorum) and a tannin source. Finally, in some samples, only indigoid dyes (indigo/woad) are identified.
Effect of pH on Photosynthesis of Euglena mutabilis Schmitz, an Acidophilic Benthic Flagellate
Authors: Haraguchi Akira , Zheng Jiaojiao
Published: October 2021

The dependence of the photosynthetic rate of Euglena mutabilis Schmitz on pH across a range of 2.0–10.0 was investigated. Populations of E. mutabilis isolated from sediments of acidic mine drainage in Sensui (pH = 3.95) and a volcanic cold spring in Bougatsuru (pH = 5.32) were cultured in a pH-adjusted growth media for 96 h, and photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate were measured. The maximum gross photosynthetic rate of E. mutabilis cells from the Sensui drainage population did not vary significantly over the pH range of 2.0–7.0, and their dark respiration rate showed high values at pH = 7.0. The maximum gross photosynthetic rate of E. mutabilis cells from the Bougatsuru spring population did not vary significantly within the pH range of 2.0–6.0, and their dark respiration rate tended to show high values at pH = 7.0. E. mutabilis can colonize under circumneutral conditions up to and including pH = 6.0.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the LGBTQ+ Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garg Ishan , Hanif Hamza , Javed Nismat , Abbas Ramsha , Mirza Samir , Javaid Muhammad Ali , Pal Suman , Shekhar Rahul , Sheikh Abu Baker
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ+) people. Despite developing safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines, LGBTQ+ communities still faces challenges due to inequitable access and vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy is a delay in the acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite the availability of vaccination services. Various studies have explored and tried to address factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. However, the LGBTQ+ population remains under- and misrepresented in many of these studies. According to the few studies that have focused on the LGBTQ+ population, several factors influencing vaccine hesitancy have been identified, with the most common factors in studies being concern about vaccine safety, vaccine efficacy, and history of bad experiences with healthcare providers. In order to rebuild the confidence of LGBTQ+ people in vaccines, governments, healthcare policymakers, and healthcare providers need to start by acknowledging, and then resolving, these disparities; building trust; dismantling systemic suppression and discrimination; and prioritizing the inclusion of LGBTQ+ people in research studies and public health policies.
Risk of Non-Vertebral Fracture in Gout Compared to Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cho Soo-Kyung , Liu Jun , Jin Yinzhu , Kim Seoyoung C.
Published: October 2021

Objective: To evaluate the risk of non-vertebral fractures in patients with gout compared with those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Using claims data from Medicare (2008–2015), we conducted a cohort study of patients with gout versus RA matched on age, sex, and index date with a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of non-vertebral fractures including hip, pelvis, humerus, and wrist identified with the validated algorithms. We also assessed hip fractures separately. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for the outcomes in gout versus RA adjusted for 45 covariates. Results: We included a total of 134,157 matched pairs of gout and RA patients (mean age: 73.7 years). Risk factors for fracture were more prevalent in RA, while other comorbidities including obesity, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes were more common in gout. Over the mean 2.8 years follow-up, the incidence rate (IR)/1000 person-year (PY) of non-vertebral fractures was 10.42 in gout and 15.01 in RA. For hip fractures, the IR/1000 PY was 4.86 in gout and 7.73 in RA. The multivariable HR associated with gout versus RA was 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.88) for non-vertebral fractures and 0.76 (95% CI 0.71–0.82) for hip fractures. Stratified analyses by age, sex, prior fractures, steroid use, and TNF inhibitor use showed similar results. Conclusions: In this large cohort of older patients, gout was associated with a modestly decreased risk of non-vertebral or hip fractures versus RA. However, non-vertebral fractures occurred frequently in both gout and RA.
Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty for Severe Aortic Stenosis as Rescue or Bridge Therapy
Authors: Kleczynski Pawel , Kulbat Aleksandra , Brzychczy Piotr , Dziewierz Artur , Trebacz Jaroslaw , Stapor Maciej , Sorysz Danuta , Rzeszutko Lukasz , Bartus Stanislaw , Dudek Dariusz , Legutko Jacek
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to assess procedural complications, patient flow and clinical outcomes after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) as rescue or bridge therapy, based on data from our registry. A total of 382 BAVs in 374 patients was performed. The main primary indication for BAV was a bridge for TAVI (n = 185, 49.4%). Other indications included a bridge for AVR (n = 26, 6.9%) and rescue procedure in hemodynamically unstable patients (n = 139, 37.2%). The mortality rate at 30 days, 6 and 12 months was 10.4%, 21.6%, 28.3%, respectively. In rescue patients, the death rate raised to 66.9% at 12 months. A significant improvement in symptoms was confirmed after BAV, after 30 days, 6 months, and in survivors after 1 year (p < 0.05 for all). Independent predictors of 12-month mortality were baseline STS score [HR (95% CI) 1.42 (1.34 to 2.88), p < 0.0001], baseline LVEF <20% [HR (95% CI) 1.89 (1.55–2.83), p < 0.0001] and LVEF <30% at 1 month [HR (95% CI) 1.97 (1.62–3.67), p < 0.0001] adjusted for age/gender. In everyday clinical practice in the TAVI era, there are still clinical indications to BAV a standalone procedure as a bridge to surgery, TAVI or for urgent high risk non-cardiac surgical procedures. Patients may improve clinically after BAV with LV function recovery, allowing to perform final therapy, within limited time window, for severe AS which ameliorates long-term outcomes. On the other hand, in patients for whom an isolated BAV becomes a destination therapy, prognosis is extremely poor.
A Comparison of Hyper-Reflective Retinal Spot Counts in Optical Coherence Tomography Images from Glaucomatous and Healthy Eyes
Authors: Quaranta Luciano , Bruttini Carlo , De Angelis Giovanni , Montescani Silvia , Ardizzone Alberto , Katsanos Andreas , Carnevale Carmela , Oddone Francesco , Riva Ivano
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To compare the number of hyper-reflective retinal spots (HRS) in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of healthy controls and patients affected with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Thirty patients affected with POAG and 34 healthy controls were recruited and underwent raster OCT examination of the macular region. Among the acquired B-scans, the one with the lowest foveal thickness was selected, and a central area of 3000 μm was defined (region of interest, ROI), in order to identify HRS. HRS were defined as small point-like hyper-reflective elements, detectable at the visual inspection of the OCT image. HRS were independently counted by two investigators in the ROI of each OCT scan. Results: Inter-rater agreement for HRS counting was good to excellent (ICC = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.83–0.99). More HRS were found in the OCT images from glaucoma patients, in comparison with healthy controls (average value: 90.5 ± 13.02 and 74.72 ± 11.35, for glaucoma and healthy subjects, respectively; p < 0.01). Significant correlations between the average number of HRS and visual field mean deviation (MD, p = 0.01) and pattern standard deviation (PSD, p < 0.01) were found. Conclusions: OCT images from glaucoma patients showed a higher number of HRS when compared with healthy controls. As HRS have been hypothesized to be a sign of neuroinflammation, these results may support the role of neuroinflammation in glaucoma etiopathogenesis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fe3O4/PVA/Eggshell Hybrid Nanocomposite for Photodegradation and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Gupta Piyush Kumar , Palanisamy Senthilkumar , Gopal Tamilarasi , Rajamani Ranjithkumar , Pandit Soumya , Sinha Somya , Thakur Vijay Kumar
Published: October 2021

In the 21st century, hybrid nanocomposites were widely used in bioelectronic, biosensing, photocatalytic, and biomedical applications. In the present study, we fabricated a novel Fe3O4/PVA/Eggshell hybrid nanocomposite and physicochemically characterized it using powder XRD, EDS, FTIR, VSM, and HR-TEM analysis. The XRD spectrum revealed the crystalline and FCC configuration of Fe3O4 NPs with average crystal size of 16.28 nm, and the HRTEM image indicates the prepared hybrid nanocomposite is of spherical shape with less agglomeration. This hybrid nanocomposite showed a significant photodegradation property in degrading organic pollutants such as congo red and crystal violet dyes under the sunlight irradiation. In addition, the hybrid nanocomposite also displayed a potent antibacterial property against different Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacterial pathogens. This study provides a significant example in the overview of fabrication of cost effectively, eco-friendly, and multiple-application hybrid nanocomposites through eggshell membrane fibers.
Influence of the Production Process on the Binding Mechanism of Clinched Aluminum Steel Mixed Compounds
Authors: Kalich Jan , Füssel Uwe
Published: October 2021

The multi-material design and the adaptability of a modern process chain require joining connections with specifically adjustable mechanical, thermal, chemical, or electrical properties. Previous considerations primarily focused on the mechanical properties. The multitude of possible combinations of requirements, materials, and component- and joining-geometry makes an empirical determination of these joining properties for the clinching process impossible. Based on the established and empirical procedure, there is currently no model that takes into account all questions of joinability—i.e., the materials (suitability for joining), design (security of joining), and production (joining possibility)—that allows a calculation of the properties that can be achieved. It is therefore necessary to describe the physical properties of the joint as a function of the three binding mechanisms—form closure, force closure, and material closure—in relation to the application. This approach illustrates the relationships along the causal chain “joint requirement-binding mechanism-joining parameters” and improves the adaptability of the mechanical joining technology. Geometrical properties of clinch connections of the combination of aluminum and steel are compared in a metallographic cross-section. The mechanical stress state of the rotationally symmetrical clinch points is qualified with a torsion test and by measuring the electrical resistance in the base material, in the clinch joint, and during the production cycle (after clinching, before precipitation hardening and after precipitation hardening).
Morphometric, Histochemical, and Ultrastructural Analysis of the Reproductive System and Spermatogenic Stages of Male Blue Crab (Callinectessapidus Rathbun, 1896)
Authors: Ali Awatef , El Sherif Soheir , Abd Alla Jamila , Maulu Sahya , Tantawy Ahmed A. , Soliman Mahmoud F. K. , Hassan Mohamed M. , Hassan Montaser M. , Khalil Hala Saber
Published: October 2021

The blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, is considered to be a luxury meal, especially in touristic cities. It contains more than 20 types of amino acids and provides all the needed amounts for human growth. This study describes the morphology and complex differentiation in the gonadosomatic index, morphological and ultrastructure features of the reproductive system, spermatogenesis, and spermatophores structure; this is due to the need to maintain natural and fishing stocks. Mature adult male crabs (carapace length 59 ± 7.12; width 126 ± 18.8 mm) were obtained from Abu-Qir Bay from November 2018 to October 2019 and transported alive in seawater to the laboratory. The reproductive system was dissected and weighed to the nearest 0.001g using the electronic balance, and the gonadosomatic index was subsequently calculated. The morphological analysis showed the developing testes with highly compacted seminiferous tubules. Using Periodic acid–Schiff stain, the spermatophore appeared with a zigzag-shaped wall that indicates its carbohydrate constituents. Each Spermatophore consisted of an inner spermatozoal mass embedded in a matrix, whose main components were secretions 1 and 2, and an outer thin acellular layer composed of secretions 3 and 4 from the anterior vas deferens (AVD). Secretions 5 and 6 (S5 and S6) also appeared with carbohydrate constituents using Mallory triple stain. The transverse section of the middle vas deferens (MVD) showed spermatophores with rod-shaped secretion S6 and granular secretions 7 (S7), forming a complex matrix between spermatophores. The secretion found in the MVD was granular, strongly acidophilic, and secreted by its highly columnar epithelium (S7). The ultrastructure showed that the testes were surrounded by a monolayer of myoid cells with an elongated nucleus, which also contained the following stages: spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatids as well as spermatozoa. On the other hand, scanning electron microscope studies for fully formed spermatophore taken from the middle part of the vas deferens indicated that it is ellipsoidal in its outline with terminal stalk. Furthermore, the spermatophore was surrounded by a thick capsule of non-cellular substances and contained mature spermatozoa.
Seeking Gender Equality in the Tourism Sector: A Systematic Bibliometric Review
Authors: Araújo-Vila Noelia , Otegui-Carles Almudena , Fraiz-Brea Jose A.
Published: October 2021

Sustainability in tourism cannot be achieved without decent work, gender equality and empowerment of all women. Most of the workforce in the tourism sector is women, and although this sector offers great opportunities for empowerment and gender equality, there are many inequalities that occur in it. To find solutions it is necessary to have a greater knowledge, and therefore it is necessary to analyze how the gender equality research is progressing. The objective of this paper is to analyse how the concept of gender equality in tourism is present in academic research. For this purpose, a systematic review of the existing scientific literature is carried out, based on a bibliometric review of the works on gender equality in the field of tourism published in the Scopus database. The analysis carried out shows that, although there has been a year-on-year increase in publications related to gender equality in the field of tourism, there are still few studies focused on this subjetc, and that only in the last time have they been linked to the family. The analysis also reveals that only a few journals and authors concentrate publications related to gender equality in tourism.
Self-Humidifying Membrane for High-Performance Fuel Cells Operating at Harsh Conditions: Heterojunction of Proton and Anion Exchange Membranes Composed of Acceptor-Doped SnP2O7 Composites
Authors: Heo Pilwon , Kim Mijeong , Ko Hansol , Nam Sang Yong , Kim Kihyun
Published: October 2021

Here we suggest a simple and novel method for the preparation of a high-performance self-humidifying fuel cell membrane operating at high temperature (>100 °C) and low humidity conditions (<30% RH). A self-humidifying membrane was effectively prepared by laminating together proton and anion exchange membranes composed of acceptor-doped SnP2O7 composites, Sn0.9In0.1H0.1P2O7/Sn0.92Sb0.08(OH)0.08P2O7. At the operating temperature of 100 °C, the electrochemical performances of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with this heterojunction membrane at 3.5% RH were better than or comparable to those of each MEA with only the proton or anion exchange membranes at 50% RH or higher.
Improved CO2/CH4 Separation Properties of Cellulose Triacetate Mixed–Matrix Membranes with CeO2@GO Hybrid Fillers
Authors: Regmi Chhabilal , Ashtiani Saeed , Sofer Zdeněk , Friess Karel
Published: October 2021

The study of the effects associated with the compatibility of the components of the hybrid filler with polymer matrix, which ultimately decide on achieving mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with better gas separation properties, is essential. Herein, a facile solution casting process of simple incorporating CeO2@GO hybrid inorganic filler material is implemented. Significant improvements in material and physico-chemical properties of the synthesized membranes were observed by SEM, XRD, TGA, and stress-strain measurements. Usage of graphene oxide (GO) with polar groups on the surface enabled forming bonds with ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles and CTA polymer and provided the homogeneous dispersion of the nanofillers in the hybrid MMMs. Moreover, increasing GO loading concentration enhanced both gas permeation in MMMs and CO2 gas uptakes. The best performance was achieved by the membrane containing 7 wt.% of GO with CO2 permeability of 10.14 Barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity 50.7. This increase in selectivity is almost fifteen folds higher than the CTA-CeO2 membrane sample, suggesting the detrimental effect of GO for enhancing the selectivity property of the MMMs. Hence, a favorable synergistic effect of CeO2@GO hybrid fillers on gas separation performance is observed, propounding the efficient and feasible strategy of using hybrid fillers in the membrane for the potential biogas upgrading process.
The Distribution Behavior of Elements during the Top-Blowing Smelting Process of Electronic Waste
Authors: Wen Xiaochun , Wang Jinliang , Wang Houqing
Published: October 2021

In this work, the local equilibrium modeling method of a non-equilibrium multi-phase reaction system in the top-blowing melting process of electronic waste was studied. The automatic judgment mechanism of phase transformation and the improvement of the trace component solving algorithm were explored to build the mathematical model of the element migration and transformation. Secondly, to determine the distribution mechanism of various elements in top-blowing smelting of electronic waste, the thermodynamic digital simulation system was developed according to the software platform of metallurgical process calculation. On this basis, combined with the industrial production practice, the coupling simulation experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of oxygen:feed ratio, oxygen concentration, amount of additive iron powder and CaO:SiO2 ratio of the slag on the smelting process. In addition, the direct yields of metals in the slag were Cu 90.69 wt%, Au 98.57 wt%, Ag 94.84 wt%, and Pd 97.87 wt% under the optimum conditions. Finally, the simulated values were consistent with industrial data, which can provide theoretical guidance for the industrial production practice of the top-blowing smelting of electronic waste.
A General Mathematical Approach Based on the Possibility Theory for Handling Measurement Results and All Uncertainties
Authors: Salicone Simona , Jetti Harsha Vardhana
Published: October 2021

The concept of measurement uncertainty was introduced in the 1990s by the “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement”, known as GUM. The word uncertainty has a lexical meaning and reflects the lack of exact knowledge or lack of complete knowledge about the value of the measurand. Thanks to the suggestions in the GUM and following the mathematical probabilistic approaches therein proposed, an uncertainty value can be found and be associated to the measured value. In the last decades, however, other methods have been proposed in the literature, which try to encompass the definitions of the GUM, thus overcoming its limitations. Some of these methods are based on the possibility theory, such as the one known as the RFV method. The aim of this paper is to briefly recall the RFV method, starting from the very beginning and the initial motivations, and summarize in a unique paper the most relevant obtained results.
Neuroinflammation Modulation via α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Its Chaperone, RIC-3
Authors: Mizrachi Tehila , Vaknin-Dembinsky Adi , Brenner Talma , Treinin Millet
Published: October 2021

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in or on various cell types and have diverse functions. In immune cells nAChRs regulate proliferation, differentiation and cytokine release. Specifically, activation of the α7 nAChR reduces inflammation as part of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Here we review numerous effects of α7 nAChR activation on immune cell function and differentiation. Further, we also describe evidence implicating this receptor and its chaperone RIC-3 in diseases of the central nervous system and in neuroinflammation, focusing on multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Deregulated neuroinflammation due to dysfunction of α7 nAChR provides one explanation for involvement of this receptor and of RIC-3 in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we also provide evidence implicating α7 nAChRs and RIC-3 in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) involving neuroinflammation. Besides, we will describe the therapeutic implications of activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway for diseases involving neuroinflammation.