bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FH Luke’s ‘Unpicking’: Some Observations on Francis Watson’s Recent Analysis (2018) and the Extent of the Phenomenon
Authors: Andrejevs Olegs
Published: March 2022

The hypothetical phenomenon known as Luke’s ‘unpicking’ of some of Matthew’s Markan material has occupied the attention of synoptic problem specialists since the seminal article by F. Gerald Downing (1965). The discussion has received a number of contributions in recent years, first with an exchange between Christopher M. Tuckett and Francis Watson (both essays published in 2018) and now with a separate analysis by Eric Eve (2021). A comprehensive tabulation of the phenomenon, however, is still lacking, with the authors selectively focusing on some of the data. Eve concludes his discussion by suggesting that he has explained the phenomenon for the Farrer Hypothesis. However, Eve’s analysis does not include a number of the instances tabulated just a few years earlier by Watson. Moreover, Watson’s tabulation itself is need of an update, being unnecessarily narrow. In this article, I analyze Watson’s contribution to the discussion, developing his recognition of the phenomenon of unpicking and adjusting several aspects of his analysis. Assessment of the procedure’s difficulty does not belong to the article’s scope. Rather, this article aims to provide a comprehensive tabulation of Farrer Luke’s unpicking that can be utilized by synoptic specialists on all sides of the current discussion.
Toddlers use functional morphemes for backward syntactic categorization
Authors: Ying Yuanfan , Yang Xiaolu , Shi Rushen
Published: March 2022

Previous studies show that infants store functional morphemes for inferring syntactic categories of adjacent words, and they generally perform better with nouns than with verbs. In this study, we tested whether toddlers can exploit phrasal groupings for syntactic categorization in the face of noisy co-occurrence patterns. Using a visual fixation procedure, we examined whether Mandarin-learning 19-month-olds can categorize word X to the left of functional morpheme a in a prosody-neutral 3-word sequence X- a-Y, where a structurally selects X (X and Y being unfamiliar words). Infants at 19 months were familiarized either with X- ye-Y (‘even XN YV’) or with X- le-Y (‘have XV-ed YN’). While le features a more mixed distribution than ye, 19-month-olds succeeded with both ye and le by preferring grammatical new contexts of X over ungrammatical ones, consistent with the hypothesis that phrasal groupings ([X a. . .]) support syntactic categorization. Our findings provide initial evidence for infants’ ability to capture functional morphemes for backward syntactic categorization.
What works in promoting ‘What Works’? A comment on Sanders, Jones and Briggs
Authors: Raynor Peter
Published: March 2022

This short article is a comment on the recent proposal of a What Works Centre for probation ( Sanders, Jones and Briggs, 2021 ). Any new ‘What Works’ initiative needs to be informed by the patchy and uneven history of research on the effectiveness of probation in England and Wales. Problems have included, at various times, failure to keep up with research in other countries; over-dependency on government departments to conduct and fund research; poor planning and/or implementation of experimental projects; excessive managerialism, and failure to engage practitioners in a research culture. Unless they are avoided, these problems will hamper any new initiative.
Analysis of Impact of Industry 4.0 on Africa, Eastern Europe and US: A Case Study of Cyber-Security and Sociopolitical Dynamics of Nigeria, Russia and USA
Authors: Nwankwo James Chike
Published: March 2022

This article explores the technological innovations associated with industry 4.0 and how it has altered virtually every aspect of the human life. Even though in the process of redefining technology, the insatiable and complex needs of man can be met quite considerably, there are various challenges observed with its usage by individuals, groups, business organizations and countries. Some of the consequences highlighted in this study include cyber-threat or attacks against businesses and individuals, political figures and government. Therefore the author examines critical cases and problems which are not just socioeconomic but also sociopolitical. The qualitative method and NCSI Index were used to analyze the cases in this study. In addition, the solutions proposed in this study includes that top technological figures, institutions and companies in Nigeria, Russia and the US need to put their cyber differences aside, move beyond the firewall protection approach and critically assess how data breach can be massively reduced if not avoided in its entirety.
Mapping oxidative metabolism in the human brain with calibrated fMRI in health and disease
Authors: Chen J Jean , Uthayakumar Biranavan , Hyder Fahmeed
Published: March 2022

Conventional functional MRI (fMRI) with blood-oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast is an important tool for mapping human brain activity non-invasively. Recent interest in quantitative fMRI has renewed the importance of oxidative neuroenergetics as reflected by cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) to support brain function. Dynamic CMRO2 mapping by calibrated fMRI require multi-modal measurements of BOLD signal along with cerebral blood flow (CBF) and/or volume (CBV). In human subjects this “calibration” is typically performed using a gas mixture containing small amounts of carbon dioxide and/or oxygen-enriched medical air, which are thought to produce changes in CBF (and CBV) and BOLD signal with minimal or no CMRO2 changes. However non-human studies have demonstrated that the “calibration” can also be achieved without gases, revealing good agreement between CMRO2 changes and underlying neuronal activity (e.g., multi-unit activity and local field potential). Given the simpler set-up of gas-free calibrated fMRI, there is evidence of recent clinical applications for this less intrusive direction. This up-to-date review emphasizes technological advances for such translational gas-free calibrated fMRI experiments, also covering historical progression of the calibrated fMRI field that is impacting neurological and neurodegenerative investigations of the human brain.
Airway foreign body caused by pepper inhalation 7 years previously retrieved under conscious sedation with spontaneous respiration: a case report
Authors: Lei Wei , Gan Zhen-yong , Liang Yong-feng , Liang Cai-xia , Jin Cang-zheng , Peng Wei-ping , Qiu Xin-cai , Guo Hai-yan
Published: March 2022

A 26-year-old man who had inhaled a dried pepper 7 years previously was admitted to our hospital for repeated coughing with yellow sputum and occasional hemoptysis. A thoracic high-resolution computed tomography scan revealed a foreign body at the proximal end of the right lower bronchus. We attempted to remove the foreign body by flexible bronchoscopy, but this was unsuccessful because the foreign body fell deeper into the bronchus. After a multidisciplinary team meeting, the foreign body was successfully extracted by bronchoscope suction and forceps under conscious sedation with spontaneous respiration. We avoided rigid bronchoscopy and traumatic surgery, thus decreasing the patient’s risk and cost. We herein share our successful experience with this case.
The effect of background music on the aesthetic experience of a visual artwork in a naturalistic environment
Authors: Braun Janzen Thenille , de Oliveira Bruna , Ventorim Ferreira Giulia , Sato João R , Feitosa-Santana Claudia , Vanzella Patrícia
Published: March 2022

Aesthetic evaluations can be highly influenced by a myriad of individual and situational factors. Interestingly, little is yet known about the possible effects of background music on the aesthetic experience of visual art. Here, we examined whether musical emotions would influence different dimensions of the aesthetic experience of a visual artwork displayed in a naturalistic environment. A total of 142 visitors of a contemporary art museum appreciated an abstract painting by Wassily Kandinsky while listening to background music conveying different emotions (happy, sad, peaceful, scary) or silence. Our findings suggest that music valence significantly influenced participants’ judgment of the pleasantness of the painting. In addition, music likability had a significant effect on participants’ judgments of the artwork’s valence, beauty, and liking. Specifically, participants who liked the background music rated these dimensions of the artwork aesthetic experience significantly more positively than those who disliked the music. Overall, these results suggest that aspects associated with the aesthetic experience of music may influence the aesthetic experience of visual art, opening new avenues for the investigation of cognitive processes underlying the aesthetic experience induced by objects across different media.
E-Leadership and Distance Education in Greece during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gkoros Dimitrios , Bratitsis Tharrenos
Published: March 2022

The paper attempts to investigate how contributive primary school principals’ e-leadership proved to the work and preparation of teachers for the implementation of the Distance Education during the covid-19 pandemic. By employing quantitative modes of enquiry and specifically a significant number of questionnaires, we concluded that the teachers’ level of education doesn't affect their opinion towards the degree of the school principals’ contribution to their work and preparation or the implementation of distance education, contrary to their educational experience. Moreover, the majority of teachers who participated in the research consider the presence and involvement of the electronic leader as important.
Emotional Intelligence: Its importance to HE professional services team members during challenging times
Authors: Coleman Andy , Ali Azhar
Published: March 2022

In recent years a variety of trends have increased uncertainty over the future of the Higher Education (HE) sector. While these create challenges for all staff, they potentially impact most on non-academic staff, due to long standing misunderstanding and undervaluing of their roles and despite them representing almost half of all jobs within the sector. In this context, leaders’ abilities to manage emotions in the workplace appear to be at a premium. However emotionality remains under-explored both generally within HE and in non-academic contexts particularly. This article summarizes findings from research into the impact perceptions of managers’ abilities to display Emotional Intelligence (EI) has on the wellbeing, attitudes and performance of staff within the context of a professional services team in one English university. It found perceptions of managers’ EI could be a powerful influence on team members’ mental health, including stress and anxiety. Furthermore, when managers were viewed as being Emotionally Intelligent, staff reported this significantly impacted their motivation and could lead to tangible improvements in core areas of job performance, including commitment, flexibility and discretionary effort. It recommends Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) consider placing greater emphasis on developing understanding of EI throughout their workforce while also building capacity in its practice amongst current and prospective managers.
Robust control of lateral obstacle avoidance for intelligent vehicle shared-driven by people and vehicles based on dynamic early warning
Authors: Nie Zhigen , Wang Chao , Wang Wanqiong , Zhao Weiqiang , Lian Yufeng , Chen Huanming
Published: March 2022

In the paper, a novel framework for the control system of lateral obstacle avoidance (LOA), which is based on dynamic early warning for intelligent vehicles shared-driven by people and vehicles (IVSDPVs), is presented to perform LOA in dynamic conditions (e.g. the speed of obstacle vehicles changes). Firstly, to achieve the accurate warning of IVSDPVs and adjust that with dynamic intervention of the driver in dynamic conditions, a multi-level early warning algorithm based on fusion and complementarity of the critical safe distance and reciprocal of collision time is proposed. Moreover, the critical safe distance is obtained using a combination of longitudinal with lateral directions. Secondly, if the driver does not respond until the “Critical” level warning, the IVSDPVs is automatically taken over by the control strategy to conduct active LOA control. Thirdly, to overcome the parameters perturbation, that is, mass, cornering stiffness, and signal disturb, the robust control strategy is presented to achieve accurate trajectory tracking of LOA. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is evaluated by testing on the Simulink/Trucksim platform to demonstrate the controller’s capability in obtaining accurate early warning and achieving LOA across various working conditions.
Effect of temperature-dependent viscosity on hydromagnetic unallied flow
Authors: Sandeep N. , Girinath Reddy M. , Dinesh P.A.
Published: March 2022

The present article focuses on radiative hydromagnetic unallied stagnation point flow past a horizontal extending surface under varying viscosity concerning temperature. To understand the physical behaviour of the physical model, we converted the scheme of nonlinear partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations using suitable similarities. Matlab bvp5c procedure is adopted to obtain the computational outcomes. Also, we graphed the flow and temperature fields with and without the influence of magnetic field for various controlling non-dimensional parameters such as thermal radiation, variable viscosity, Prandtl number, velocity and temperature ratio parameters, etc. Moreover, Nusselt number and wall friction are evaluated and presented in the table for both criteria. It is noticed that the heat transfer rate is high in the presence of a magnetic field when compared to the absence of a magnetic field. Thermal radiation, viscosity variation, and temperature ratio parameters effectively stabilise the axial flow velocity.
Computational Methods for Predicting and Understanding Food Judgment
Authors: Gandhi Natasha , Zou Wanling , Meyer Caroline , Bhatia Sudeep , Walasek Lukasz
Published: March 2022

People make subjective judgments about the healthiness of different foods every day, and these judgments in turn influence their food choices and health outcomes. Despite the importance of such judgments, there are few quantitative theories about their psychological underpinnings. This article introduces a novel computational approach that can approximate people’s knowledge representations for thousands of common foods. We used these representations to predict how both lay decision-makers (the general population) and experts judge the healthiness of individual foods. We also applied our method to predict the impact of behavioral interventions, such as the provision of front-of-pack nutrient and calorie information. Across multiple studies with data from 846 adults, our models achieved very high accuracy rates ( r2 = .65–.77) and significantly outperformed competing models based on factual nutritional content. These results illustrate how new computational methods applied to established psychological theory can be used to better predict, understand, and influence health behavior.
Position control for an autonomous underwater vehicle under noisy conditions
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Muguo
Published: March 2022

Position tracking of an autonomous underwater vehicle is not trivial as its accuracy is affected by process noise, measurement noise, and uncertain hydrodynamic parameters. Thus, in this article, we studied the position control of an autonomous underwater vehicle that operates under largely unbounded system uncertainties and large noise levels and proposed a method that reduces the interference and thereby enhances the overall autonomous underwater vehicle position estimation. Our technique extended the ensemble Kalman filter by combining it with a time-delay estimator to compensate against extended uncertainty of the system dynamics which cannot be solved by the traditional ensemble Kalman filter. Our synthetic simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed controller, highlighting its appealing position-control accuracy under simultaneous noise and uncertain hydrodynamics parameters. In addition, our simulation results showed that the proposed controller outperforms the conventional time-delay controller by a percentage range of approximately 30.8%–92.6% in terms of root-mean-square error and requires on average less than 88.2% calculation time than the conventional model predictive control.
Solidarity and collectivism in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Flynn Angela V
Published: March 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has impacted health care, economies and societies in ways that are still being measured across the world. To control the spread of the virus, governments continue to appeal to citizens to alter their behaviours and act in the interests of the collective public good so as to protect the vulnerable. Demonstrations of collective solidarity are being consistently sought to control the spread of the virus. Catchphrases, soundbites and hashtags such as ‘we’re all in this together’, ‘stronger together’ and other messages of unity are employed, invoking the sense of a collective struggle. However, this approach is fundamentally challenged as collectivist attitudes run contrary to the individualism of neoliberal ideology, to which citizens have been subjected. This paper argues that attempting to employ the concept of solidarity is inherently challenged by the deep impact of neoliberalism in health policies and draws on the work of Durkheim to examine the concept in a context in which health care has become established as an individual responsibility. The paper will argue that a dominant private-responsibility model and an underfunded public system have eroded solidarity weakening its effectiveness in generating concerns for the collective.
On Edwards’ A History of Corporate Financial Reporting in Britain
Authors: Camfferman Kees
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses Edwards’ monograph A History of Corporate Financial Reporting in Britain (2019), drawing comparisons with the 1989 edition. Apart from a general overview and appreciation of the book, the paper discusses two aspects in more detail. It is argued that the focus on Britain, while justified, leads to an understatement of important elements of Britain's interaction with the outside world. It is also argued that, despite the book's professed adoption of agency theory as a theoretical lens, its approach is better characterised as an inductive approach in which the historical record itself offers the main issues, concepts and viewpoints out of which the historical narrative is constructed.
Nonlinear ESO-based vibration control for an all-clamped piezoelectric plate with disturbances and time delay: Design and hardware implementation
Authors: Li Shengquan , Zhang Luyao , Zhu Chaowei , Su Jinya , Li Juan
Published: March 2022

Considering the problems of model uncertainties, higher harmonics, uncertain boundary conditions, external excitations, and system time delay in practical vibration control system, a novel active vibration control method is proposed to suppress the vibration of a thin plate structure with acceleration sensor and piezoelectric bimorph actuator in this paper. First, a nonlinear extended state observer (NESO)-based controller is designed to ensure the anti-disturbance performance of the structural vibration control system. Then, an enhanced differentiator-based time delay compensation method is introduced to improve the vibration suppression performance of the NESO-based controller. A real time hardware-in-the-loop benchmark for an all-clamped piezoelectric thin plate is designed to verify and compare the performance of the developed controller against conventional ESO-based methods (linear ESO with/without time delay compensation, NESO without time compensation). The best vibration suppression and disturbance rejection performance of the proposed NESO-based controller with an enhanced time delay compensator is verified in the comparative experimental results. This work is able to provide practitioners with vital guidance in designing active vibration control system in the presence of disturbances and time delay.
Ordinary entrepreneurial psychosis
Authors: Santisteban Sebastian C. , Jones Campbell
Published: March 2022

This paper introduces the concept of ordinary entrepreneurial psychosis. This concept was discovered in the analysis of a case study of a tech entrepreneur in Colombia and elaborated with the aid of Lacanian psychoanalytic theory. Specifically, we draw on Jacques Lacan’s conception of the discourse of the capitalist and his distinction between repression and foreclosure ( Verwerfung). The practice of entrepreneurship, we argue, is the most perfect instantiation of what Lacan called the discourse of the capitalist. This is a discourse without limits characterised by denial of castration and lack, a discourse that at is most radical promises liberation through a break with the symbolic order, the relation to the other, and indeed with the world as such. In this particular case study, such a break is materialised in a literal belief in magic, a specifically modern and non-occult magic of deception and misdirection that promises great results from nothing. Such magical thinking, we argue, is at the heart of the entrepreneurial fantasy. To explain this broken relation to symbolic order that is characteristic of entrepreneurship, we draw on Lacanian theory and in particular Jacques-Alain Miller’s concept of ‘ordinary psychosis’ to explain the structural homology between entrepreneurship discourse and the analytic category of psychosis. The structure of this discourse, we argue, brings with it not only magical and hallucinatory thinking, but moreover what we propose here to call ordinary entrepreneurial psychosis.
Stability of the gut microbiota in persons with paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis and related demyelinating diseases
Authors: Liang Geoffrey , Zhu Feng , Mirza Ali I , Bar-Or Amit , Bernstein Charles N , Bonner Christine , Forbes Jessica D , Graham Morag , Hart Janace , Knox Natalie C , Marrie Ruth Ann , O’Mahony Julia , Van Domselaar Gary , Yeh E Ann , Zhao Yinshan , Banwell Brenda , Waubant Emmanuelle , Tremlett Helen ,   the Canadian Paediatric Demyelinating Disease Network
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Examine if the gut microbiota composition changes across repeated samples in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) or monophasic-acquired demyelinating syndromes (monoADS).

Methods:

A total of 36 individuals (18 MS/18 monoADS) with ⩾2 stool samples were included. Stool sample-derived DNA was sequenced. Alpha/beta diversities and genus-level taxa were analysed.

Results:

Mean ages at first sample procurement (MS/monoADS) = 18.0/13.8 years. Median time (months) between first/second samples = 11.2 and second/third = 10.3. Alpha/beta diversities did not differ between stool samples ( p > 0.09), while one genus – Solobacterium did ( p = 0.001).

Conclusions:

The gut microbiota composition in paediatric-onset MS and monoADS exhibited stability, suggesting that single stool sample procurement is a reasonable first approach.
Natalizumab treatment and pregnancy in multiple sclerosis: A reappraisal of maternal and infant outcomes after 6 years
Authors: Portaccio Emilio , Pastò Luisa , Razzolini Lorenzo , Moiola Lucia , Martinelli Vittorio , Annovazzi Pietro , Ghezzi Angelo , Zaffaroni Mauro , Lanzillo Roberta , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Rinaldi Francesca , Gallo Paolo , Gasperini Claudio , Paolicelli Damiano , Simone Marta , Pozzilli Carlo , De Giglio Laura , Cavalla Paola , Cocco Eleonora , Marrosu Maria Giovanna , Patti Francesco , Solaro Claudio , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo , Trojano Maria , Amato Maria Pia
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

To assess the impact of timing of natalizumab cessation/redosing on long-term maternal and infant outcomes in 72 out of the original 74 pregnancies of the Italian Pregnancy Dataset in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:

Maternal outcomes in patients who received natalizumab until conception and restarted the drug within 1 month after delivery (“treatment approach,” (TA)) and patients who stopped natalizumab before conception and/or restarted the drug later than 1 month after delivery (“conservative approach,” (CA)) were compared through multivariable Cox regression analyses. Pediatric outcomes were assessed through a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results:

After a mean follow-up of 6.1 years, CA (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.1, 95% CI 1.6–10.6, p = 0.003) was the only predictor of relapse occurrence. Worsening on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was associated with higher annualized relapse-rate during the follow-up (HR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.4–7.9 p = 0.007). We found no major development abnormalities in children.

Discussion:

Our data confirm that TA reduces the risk of disease activity; we did not observe an increase in major development abnormalities in the child.
The expansion and severity of chronic MS lesions follows a periventricular gradient
Authors: Klistorner Samuel , Barnett Michael H , Graham Stuart L , Wang Chenyu , Klistorner Alexander
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives:

Expansion of chronic lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and recently described cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-related gradient of tissue damage are linked to microglial activation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether lesion expansion is associated with proximity to ventricular CSF spaces.

Methods:

Pre- and post-gadolinium three-dimensional (3D)-T1, 3D FLAIR and diffusion tensor images were acquired from 36 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Lesional activity was analysed between baseline and 48 months at different distances from the CSF using successive 1 mm thick concentric bands radiating from the ventricles.

Results:

Voxel-based analysis of the rate of lesion expansion demonstrated a clear periventricular gradient decreasing away from the ventricles. This was particularly apparent when lesions of equal diameter were analysed. Periventricular lesional tissue showed higher degree of tissue destruction at baseline that significantly increased during follow-up in bands close to CSF. This longitudinal change was proportional to degree of lesion expansion. Lesion-wise analysis revealed a gradual, centrifugal decrease in the proportion of expanding lesions from the immediate periventricular zone.

Discussion:

Our data suggest that chronic white matter lesions in close proximity to the ventricles are more destructive, show a higher degree of expansion at the lesion border and accelerated tissue loss in the lesion core.
Virtual and in-person visits by Ontario physicians in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Fu Rui , Sutradhar Rinku , Li Qing , Eskander Antoine
Published: March 2022

Introduction

We examined the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impact on weekly trends in the billing of virtual and in-person physician visits in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, physician billing records from Ontario were aggregated on a weekly basis for in-person and virtual visits from 3 January 2016 to 27 March 2021. For each type of visit, a segmented negative binomial regression analysis was performed to estimate the weekly pre-pandemic trend in billing volume per thousand adults (3 January 2016 to 14 March 2020), the immediate change in mean volume at the start of the pandemic, and additional change in weekly volume in the pandemic era (15 March 2020 to 27 March 2021).

Results

Before the start of the pandemic, the weekly volume of virtual visits per thousand adults was low with a 0.5% increase per week (rate ratio [RR]: 1.0053, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0050–1.0056). A dramatic 65% reduction in in-person visits (RR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.32–0.39) occurred at the start of the pandemic while virtual visits grew by 21-fold (RR: 21.3, 95% CI: 19.6–23.0). In the pandemic era, in-person visits rose by 1.4% per week (RR: 1.014, 95% CI: 1.011–1.017) but no change was observed for virtual visits ( p-value = 0.31). Overall, we noted a 57.6% increase in total weekly physician visits volume after the start of the pandemic.

Discussion

These results are meaningful for virtual care reimbursement models. Future study needs to assess the quality of care and whether the increase in virtual care volume is cost-effective to society.
Behavioral evidence for differences in emotional resonance during processing first and second language
Authors: Weimer Anna , Koniakowsky Ina , Nazir Tatjana A. , Huckauf Anke
Published: March 2022

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

Currently available data show mixed results as to whether emotional resonance is stronger for words expressed in the mother tongue (L1) compared to a second language, acquired later in life (L2). One reason for these discrepancies could be differential effects of individuals’ L2 learning history. We introduce an experimental paradigm that is sufficiently robust for testing outside the laboratory to reach a more diverse population. We illustrate this paradigm using 24 well-characterized Russian (L1)–German (L2) bilingual migrants.

Design/methodology/approach:

The paradigm consists of displaying an array of random letters that may contain a word, which participants must identify. Stimuli are displayed until response and the proportion of correct identification is used as dependent measure. Performance for neutral words is contrasted to swear or taboo words.

Data and analysis:

The interplay between language and word type is assessed with a 2 × 2 within subjects ANOVA.

Findings/conclusions:

At the group level, a swear or taboo word superiority in L1 and its absence in L2 is observed. At the individual level, however, the data show a clear divide depending on the age of arrival at the L2 country. Participants who arrived after mid-adolescence show a clear language effect. By contrast, individuals who arrived earlier, present a swear or taboo word superiority in either L1, L2, or in both languages. The age of arrival should therefore be regarded as a critical variable and averaging over bilinguals with different ages of arrival can distort the results depending on the relative size of the respective groups.

Originality:

The representativeness of test subjects is constrained by the availability of participants at the testing site. Testing outside the laboratory, at home or online, allows reaching larger and/or target populations.

Significance/implications:

By removing constraints on the availability of bilingual participants, our paradigm enables refined insights into how emotion shapes language processing.
Mobile phone repair in Ghana: Comparing three approaches
Authors: Lu Miao
Published: March 2022

Mobile phone repair is booming in the Global South, creating new players and approaches. Based on ethnographic research in Ghana’s major phone markets, this article maps the local repair ecosystem by illustrating two sets of repair actors: “company repairers” and “independent repairers.” Paying attention to their internal diversity and complex interactions, this article categorizes three types of repair practices, including the high-end approach employed by Samsung, Apple and Huawei, the mid-range approach adopted by the Chinese after-sales service provider Carlcare, and the low-end approach used by independent repairers. This article argues that Carlcare, as a rising repair actor, creates a middle ground between the elitism of big tech and the informality of local repair shops. Through its repair practice, Carlcare not only translates dysfunctional technologies into functional ones but also transforms informal laborers into professional technicians. Contextualizing Carlcare’s development in Ghana, this article discusses the tensions and implications of institutionalization.
UK membership(s) in the European Higher Education Area post-2020: A ‘Europeanisation’ agenda
Authors: Kushnir Iryna , Brooks Ruby
Published: March 2022

The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is an international initiative for the harmonisation of higher education (HE) systems in 49 countries. Literature about UK’s participation in the EHEA is limited, and the role of EHEA’s membership for the UK, particularly after the end of the Brexit transitional period, has not been researched. The originality of the study reported in this paper is in addressing this gap by exploring the perspectives of key UK HE actors on the strategic significance of UK’s memberships in the EHEA post-2020 for the UK. The paper draws on the theoretical ideas of rational choice neo-institutionalism, differentiated Europeanisation and internationalisation, and a thematic analysis of 19 official communications of key stakeholders and six in-depth interviews with their representatives. The findings contribute to filling in a significant gap in the literature about Bologna in the UK in making a distinction between its two memberships in the EHEA and the differences and complexities of the roles they play in constructing UK’s overarching agenda in HE particularly in the post-Brexit context. The article has also contributed to the literature about Bologna more widely, presenting an investigation into differentiated Europeanisation that has been taking place within one unique post-EU country.
European Expert Opinion on Infrarenal Sealing Zone Definition and Management in Endovascular Aortic Repair Patients: A Delphi Consensus
Authors: de Vries Jean-Paul P. M. , Zuidema Roy , Bicknell Colin D. , Fisher Robert , Gargiulo Mauro , Louis Nicolas , Oikonomou Kyriakos , Pratesi Giovanni , Reijnen Michel M. P. J. , Valdivia Andrés Reyes , Riambau Vincent , Saucy François
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to provide a consensus definition of the infrarenal sealing zone and develop an algorithm to determine when and if adjunctive procedure(s) or reintervention should be considered in managing patients undergoing endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Methods:

A European Advisory Board (AB), made up of 11 vascular surgeons with expertise in EVAR for AAA, was assembled to share their opinion regarding the definition of preoperative and postoperative infrarenal sealing zone. Information on their current clinical practice and level of agreement on proposed reintervention paths was used to develop an algorithm. The process included 2 virtual meetings and 2 rounds of online surveys completed by the AB (Delphi method). Consensus was defined as reached when ≥ 8 of 11 (73%) respondents agreed or were neutral.

Results:

The AB reached complete consensus on definitions and measurement of the pre-EVAR target anticipated sealing zone (TASZ) and the post-EVAR real achieved sealing zone (RASZ), namely, the shortest length between the proximal and distal reference points as defined by the AB, in case of patients with challenging anatomies. Also, agreement was achieved on a list of 4 anatomic parameters and 3 prosthesis-/procedure-related parameters, considered to have the most significant impact on preoperative and postoperative sealing zones. Furthermore, the agreement was reached that in the presence of visible neck-related complications, both adjunctive procedure(s) and reintervention should be contemplated (100% consensus). In addition, adjunctive procedure(s) or reintervention can be considered in the following cases (% consensus): insufficient sealing zone on completion imaging (91%) or on the first postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan (91%), suboptimal sealing zone on completion imaging (73%) or postoperative CT scan (82%), and negative evolution of the actual sealing zone over time (91%), even in the absence of visible complications.

Conclusions:

AB members agreed on definitions of the pre- and post-EVAR infrarenal sealing zone, as well as factors of influence. Furthermore, a clinical decision algorithm was proposed to determine the timing and necessity of adjunctive procedure(s) and reinterventions.
Preclinical Comparison of Distal Off-Pump Anastomotic Remodeling: Hand-Sewn Versus ELANA Heart Bypass
Authors: Stecher David , Hoogewerf Marieke , van Putte Bart P. , Osman Shadan , Doevendans Pieter A. , Tulleken Cornelis , van Herwerden Lex , Pasterkamp Gerard , Buijsrogge Marc P.
Published: March 2022

Objective: The ELANA Heart Bypass System is a new sutureless technique for coronary anastomoses. A titanium clip connects the graft with the coronary artery, whereafter the arteriotomy is performed by excimer laser. Since this anastomotic construction evidently differs from the standard hand-sewn anastomosis, we aim to evaluate the process of anastomotic healing and remodeling. Methods: Preclinical evaluation of anastomotic remodeling in 42 pigs who underwent off-pump left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending artery anastomosis by either the ELANA Heart Bypass ( n = 24) or the hand-sewn ( n = 18) technique. Anastomotic remodeling was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and histology in short-term follow-up intervals up to 3 months. Anastomotic patency is determined by coronary angiography at latest follow-up before termination. Results: The nonendothelial surface of both the ELANA and the hand-sewn anastomoses were covered with neointima from 14 days onwards. Only half the amount of intima hyperplasia was present in the anastomotic surface of the patent ELANA anastomosis, compared with the hand-sewn anastomosis (98 [48–1358] vs 218 [108–296] µm, P = 0.001). Yet patency of the ELANA was inferior to the hand-sewn anastomoses (79% vs 100%, P = 0.06). Conclusions: This study shows the technical perioperative feasibility of the ELANA Heart Bypass System. Although limited intima hyperplasia was observed, hand-sewn anastomoses had superior patency during follow-up. The results of this trial suggest that an additional study with a new prototype is required before clinical implementation.
Modeling and neural sliding mode control of mems triaxial gyroscope
Authors: Fang Yunmei , Fu Wen , Ding Hongfei , Fei Juntao
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a neural sliding mode control approach is developed to adjust the sliding gain using a radial basis function (RBF) neural network (NN) for the tracking control of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) triaxial vibratory gyroscope. First a sliding mode control with a fixed sliding gain is proposed to assure the asymptotic stability of the closed loop system. Then a RBF neural network is derived to adjust the sliding gain using a gradient method in a switching control law. With the adaptive sliding gain using the learning function of RBF neural network, the chattering phenomenon is eliminated. Numerical simulation is investigated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed neural sliding mode control scheme.
Unsupervised adversarial domain adaptive for fault detection based on minimum domain spacing
Authors: Ruicong Zhang , Yu Bao , Zhongtian Li , Qinle Weng , Yonggang Li
Published: March 2022

The deep learning model has gradually matured in the detection of mechanical faults. However, due to the changes in the mechanical operating environment and the application of new sensors in real work, the effect of the training model is not ideal in field applications. The key of this problem is the deviation of feature space mapping between training source domain and application target domain. This paper proposes an unsupervised adversarial domain adaptive fault diagnosis transfer learning model based on the minimum domain spacing to reduce the deviation. In adversarial network training, by training the weight parameters of the classifier, some features extracted by the composed classifier are added to the feature distribution of the target domain through weight changes, which reduces the feature distribution difference between the source domain and the target domain. It is reflected on the reduction of the maximum mean difference distance (MMD) between the two domains, and the fitting features of the data distribution are improved. Finally, through two experimental platforms of rolling bearing and planetary gearbox dataset, the results of six diagnostic tasks show that the new model reduces the amount of parameters by 33.66% and keeps accuracy more than 99% compared with the DANN model under the condition.
Methodological aspects of a randomized within-patient concurrent controlled design for clinical trials in spine surgery
Authors: Lehr A Mechteld , Jacobs Wilco CH , Stellato Rebecca K , Castelein René M , Cumhur Oner F , Kruyt Moyo C
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Randomized controlled trials are considered the highest level of evidence, but their feasibility in the surgical field is severely hampered by methodological and practical issues. Concurrent comparison between the experimental and control conditions within the same patient can be an effective strategy to mitigate some of these challenges and improve generalizability, mainly by the elimination of between-patient variability and reduction of the required sample size. This article aims (1) to describe the methodological aspects of a randomized within-patient controlled trial and (2) to quantify the added value of this design, based on a recently completed randomized within-patient controlled trial on bone grafts in instrumented lumbar posterolateral spinal fusion.

Methods:

Boundary conditions for the application of the randomized within-patient controlled trial design were identified. Between-patient variability was quantified by the intraclass correlation coefficient and concordance in the primary fusion outcome. Sample size, study duration and costs were compared with a classic randomized controlled trial design.

Results:

Boundary conditions include the concurrent application of the experimental and control conditions to identical but physically separated sites. Moreover, the outcome of interest should be local, uncorrelated and independently assessable. The spinal fusion outcomes within a patient were found to be more similar than between different patients (intraclass correlation coefficient 32% and concordance 64%), demonstrating a clear effect of patient-related factors. The randomized within-patient controlled trial design allowed a reduction of the sample size to one-third of a parallel-group randomized controlled trial, thereby halving the trial duration and costs.

Conclusion:

When suitable, the randomized within-patient controlled trial is an efficient design that provides a solution to some of the considerable challenges of a classic randomized controlled trial in (spine) surgery. This design holds specific promise for efficacy studies of non-active bone grafts in instrumented posterolateral fusion surgery.
Instrumental responses and Pavlovian stimuli as temporal referents in a peak procedure
Authors: Burgess Katy V , Honey Robert C , Dwyer Dominic M
Published: March 2022

Three experiments investigated whether the nature of the temporal referent affects timing behaviour in rats. We used a peak procedure and assessed timing of food well activity as a function of whether the referent was an instrumental response (a lever press that resulted in the withdrawal of the lever) or a conditioned stimulus (CS) that was 2 s in Experiment 1, 500 ms in Experiment 2, and 800 ms in Experiment 3. In all experiments, the interval between the offset of the temporal referent and food was 5 s. The curve fits for each experiment revealed no differences in peak time, but magazine responding immediately following the CS was higher than following a lever press. This pattern of results was interpreted as reflecting a combination of (a) ambiguity in which component of the 500 ms–2-s auditory stimulus was serving as the referent and (b) response competition between lever pressing and magazine activity. Critically, these results suggest that peak timing in rats is unaffected by whether a lever press or CS serves as the referent. This conclusion is consistent with theoretical models of timing behaviour, but not with evidence from humans showing that the subjective perception of time is affected by whether the cause of an outcome was self-generated or not.
Gender differences in parental educational styles in athletes: Competition level and sport success
Authors: González-García Higinio , Martínez-Martínez Francisco Daniel , Pelegrín Antonia
Published: March 2022

The goal of this research was to know whether there are differences in parental educational styles depending on gender in athletes and parents, the level of sports success (local successes, national successes and international successes) and the competition level (local competition, national competition and international competition). The sample was made up of 357 Spanish athletes. An ad hoc sociodemographic questionnaire, the Multifactor Self-Assessment Test of Child Adjustment (TAMAI) and the Oviedo Scale of Infrequency of Response (INF-OV), were used to measure the different variables. Results showed that women athletes perceived more protective fathers and men perceived more authoritarian mothers. MANOVA analyses revealed that no gender differences were found depending on the competition level and the level of success. In conclusion, fathers should be aware that they unconsciously can be more protective with girls, otherwise, mothers can be more authoritarian with boys. Thus, these results should be considered by practitioners to create programs to intervene with parents depending on athlete's gender differences.
Hydroxytyrosol Dimers from Medicinal Insect Blaps Rynchopetera and the in Vitro Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Pang Xiu-Qin , Wu Xiu-Mei , Wang Qi , Meng Di , Huang Yan-Ming , Xu Jing-Lei , Li Yue , Liu Heng , Xiao Huai , Ding Zhong-Tao
Published: March 2022

The edible Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire is widely used for its various medicinal effects. From its ethyl acetate fraction, three new hydroxytyrosol dimers, rynchopeterine H (1), rynchopeterine I (2) and trans-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4-benzdioxane (3), together with four known similar dimers were obtained by chromatography of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra analysis. Compounds 1-4 were obtained as a mixture, and cytotoxicity screening for HepG2, Caco-2, U251, AGS, B16 and Bel-7402 cell lines showed that the mixture of compounds 1-4 exhibited significantly selective cytotoxicity and good inhibitory activity on the proliferation of mouse melanoma cells (B16) with an IC50 value of 27.37 μg·mL−1.
Sweet Participation: The Evolution of Music as an Interactive Technology
Authors: Shilton Dor
Published: March 2022

Theories of music evolution rely on our understanding of what music is. Here, I argue that music is best conceptualized as an interactive technology, and propose a coevolutionary framework for its emergence. I present two basic models of attachment formation through behavioral alignment applicable to all forms of affiliative interaction and argue that the most critical distinguishing feature of music is entrained temporal coordination. Music's unique interactive strategy invites active participation and allows interactions to last longer, include more participants, and unify emotional states more effectively. Regarding its evolution, I propose that music, like language, evolved in a process of collective invention followed by genetic accommodation. I provide an outline of the initial evolutionary process which led to the emergence of music, centered on four key features: technology, shared intentionality, extended kinship, and multilevel society. Implications of this framework on music evolution, psychology, cross-species and cross-cultural research are discussed.