bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ancient Evolutionary History of Human Papillomavirus Type 16, 18 and 58 Variants Prevalent Exclusively in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Kohsei , Kogure Gota , Onuki Mamiko , Matsumoto Koji , Iwata Takashi , Aoki Daisuke , Kukimoto Iwao
Published: February 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus with an approximately 8-kilo base DNA genome, which establishes long-term persistent infection in anogenital tissues. High levels of genetic variations, including viral genotypes and intra-type variants, have been described for HPV genomes, together with geographical differences in the distribution of genotypes and variants. Here, by employing a maximum likelihood method, we performed phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome sequences of HPV16, HPV18 and HPV58 available from GenBank (n = 627, 146 and 157, respectively). We found several characteristic clusters that exclusively contain HPV genomes from Japan: two for HPV16 (sublineages A4 and A5), one for HPV18 (sublineage A1) and two for HPV58 (sublineages A1 and A2). Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of concatenated viral gene sequences showed that divergence of the most recent common ancestor of these Japan-specific clades was estimated to have occurred ~98,000 years before present (YBP) for HPV16 A4, ~39,000 YBP for HPV16 A5, ~38,000 YBP for HPV18 A1, ~26,000 for HPV58 A1 and ~25,000 YBP for HPV58 A2. This estimated timeframe for the divergence of the Japan-specific clades suggests that the introduction of these HPV variants into the Japanese archipelago dates back to at least ~25,000 YBP and provides a scenario of virus co-migration with ancestral Japanese populations from continental Asia during the Upper Paleolithic period.
Delta Variant with P681R Critical Mutation Revealed by Ultra-Large Atomic-Scale Ab Initio Simulation: Implications for the Fundamentals of Biomolecular Interactions
Authors: Adhikari Puja , Jawad Bahaa , Rao Praveen , Podgornik Rudolf , Ching Wai-Yim
Published: February 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant is emerging as a globally dominant strain. Its rapid spread and high infection rate are attributed to a mutation in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 allowing for the virus to invade human cells much faster and with an increased efficiency. In particular, an especially dangerous mutation P681R close to the furin cleavage site has been identified as responsible for increasing the infection rate. Together with the earlier reported mutation D614G in the same domain, it offers an excellent instance to investigate the nature of mutations and how they affect the interatomic interactions in the spike protein. Here, using ultra large-scale ab initio computational modeling, we study the P681R and D614G mutations in the SD2-FP domain, including the effect of double mutation, and compare the results with the wild type. We have recently developed a method of calculating the amino-acid–amino-acid bond pairs (AABP) to quantitatively characterize the details of the interatomic interactions, enabling us to explain the nature of mutation at the atomic resolution. Our most significant finding is that the mutations reduce the AABP value, implying a reduced bonding cohesion between interacting residues and increasing the flexibility of these amino acids to cause the damage. The possibility of using this unique mutation quantifiers in a machine learning protocol could lead to the prediction of emerging mutations.
Comprehensive testing of warehouse equipment as the most important part of the certification of a new serial product and its safe operation
Authors:   Jungheinrich Russia,  LLC ", Makariev Aleksey ,   Jungheinrich Lifting and Loading Equipment"
Published: February 2022

Warehouse storage today is not complete without the use of lifting and loading equipment. Loaders are indispensable for unloading vans, transporting and stowing various cargoes, and modern realities require high performance, reliability and safety from this kind of equipment, including when working around the clock. Before the new loader is approved for serial production, the concept must pass a number of comprehensive safety and reliability tests. These tests are an important part of the internal and external certification of a new product, since the electric loader operates in a high-risk area — lifting several tons of cargo in areas where people work.
FREQUÊNCIA DE PRESERVAÇÃO DE BIOMATERIAIS NÃO MINERALIZADOS NO REGISTRO FÓSSIL DE RÉPTEIS MESOZOICOS: UMA ABORDAGEM SOBRE PTEROSSAUROS E RÉPTEIS MARINHOS
Authors: Alves Everton Fernando , Machado Marcio Fraiberg
Published: February 2022

Nas últimas décadas, vários estudos encontraram preservação excepcional de diferentes biomoléculas originais em dinossauros. Porém, grupos distintos de répteis que dominaram ares, mares e oceanos na Era Mesozoica, como pterossauros, ictiossauros, mosassauros, notossauros e plesiossauros, apresentam dados escassos a respeito de achados de biomateriais não mineralizados e os que já foram identificados estão dispersos na literatura, associando a ideia das descobertas a fenômenos isolados. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura publicada nas últimas duas décadas, a fim de compreender melhor a frequência dos achados reivindicados de biomateriais não mineralizados em fósseis de répteis do clado Pterosauria e de répteis marinhos do clado Lepidosauromorpha da Era Mesozóica, frequentemente confundidos com dinossauros pelo imaginário popular. Os resultados identificaram 3 estudos descrevendo materiais orgânicos preservados para representantes de Pterosauria. Para répteis marinhos do clado Lepidosauromorpha, foram encontrados 8 estudos com achados distribuídos entre Ichthyosauria, Mosasauria, Nothosauroidea e Plesiosauria. Em geral, os dados para tais grupos não se mostraram geográfica e taxonomicamente abrangentes nas rochas mesozóicas. No entanto, acredita-se que a frequência é subnotificada, e a partir do surgimento de novas tecnologias, a previsão é de que a bioquímica fóssil seja caracterizada em maior quantidade.
PROSPECTS FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SYRIA
Authors: Maklakova Elena , Gurovskaya E. , Issa Muayad
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the social-economic situation in the Syrian Arab Republic in the period from the 60s of the last century to the present. It can be argued that of all the conflict hotbeds in the Middle East region, Syria has suffered the greatest losses. The real challenges for Syria now lie in the economy even more than during the active phase of hostilities. Syria needs deep reforms in the social-economic sphere. Thus, the study of the current stage of the social-economic development of Syria is relevant for understanding the internal problems of one of the key countries in the Middle East.
INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL AND AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGIES IN THE METHODOLOGY OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND ANALYSIS OF A COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Markova L. , Sokolova I. , Bezrukova Tatyana
Published: February 2022

Main approach to the control of the financial condition of organization is the management of the methodology of financial accounting and analysis, namely the introduction of advanced digital and automated technologies in the accounting and analytical field of activity. This study reveals the need for the introduction of digital and automated technologies to optimize and simplify the work of the accounting service of the commercial organization, also for the purpose of activating the service of administrative staff and improve control over the financial and economic activities of the organization.
THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF WOODWORKING
Authors: Rabeeah S. , Tomenko D.
Published: February 2022

The article pays special attention to the technological process of woodworking. The work examines all stages of wood processing, emphasizes the features of each stage. In this article, we try to say that all processing steps are important in production and represent a complex system of interactions.
THE TRANSPORT ROUTE
Authors: Rabeeah S. , Chaplyaeva L.
Published: February 2022

In any country’s economy, transport is one of the most important components for its development. The rational use of various types of vehicles makes it possible to bring many millions of tons of goods from the production line to end-users. Concerning the transport field, the route along which it travels in order to deliver passengers or goods have a great effect and a large role. The Importance of rational calculations helps with the planning of the trajectory of transport which is carried out, along with a particular load. The cost of transporting goods and passengers depends on the chosen route, so the choice is so important for us.
FACTORS INFLUENCING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE CORPORATION
Authors: Zinoveva Irina , Daev A.
Published: February 2022

Innovation is a process consisting of many activities related to planning, analysis, development, implementation of innovations. Each stage of this activity is complex and has many potential problems and barriers. To avoid them, certain factors must be considered. The article examines the factors that influence the innovation activity of the corporation in both stimulating and limiting ways. A list of them is given and the degree of influence on innovative activity is indicated. The factors are detailed in order of decreasing their influence.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Abbasova A. , Steganceva A. , Popova Yu
Published: February 2022

: A sudden increase in the technogenic impact on the surrounding natural sphere has created a real danger of the environmental crisis. In this regard, research has arisen on strategic projects for environmental protection activities aimed at selecting low-cost and efficient production technologies. The global nature and the colossal variety of the use of natural resources in economic activity directly necessitated the use of a systematic approach, scientifically reasoned informative and financial analysis of environmental management. Thus, the basic basic principles of the environmental management system – environmental management – began to form.
The place and role of environmental management in the general concept of environmental and natural resource activities is considered within the framework of the discipline “Environmental Management”, which is aimed at obtaining information, legal and methodological bases for students in order to research projects and implement concepts of environmental management, rational use of natural resources, promotion of resource and energy conservation technologies. The training manual consists of 8 areas, which highlight the characteristic features of the concept of environmental management, including the organization of the environmental sphere in different enterprises, the essence of environmental marketing, the main statements, types and operations of environmental auditing, waste management and environmental insurance issues, and other nuances.
Tribal Worship in Sangam Literature
Authors: M Kavitha
Published: February 2022

Indigenous peoples were a community that lived in segregation and coexistence. Ritual played a major role in the lives of ethnic peoples during the periods of hunting, archeology, and animal husbandry. “In ethnic society, ritual became life and life itself became ritual. It was the rituals that driven and united the ethnic community and affirmed the values of the community. Resources were allocated. Make good use of the social tool by the individual Facilitated. On the whole, rituals became a social life law and a cultural force. The cult not only associated itself with advanced nature but also identified animals, plants, etc. as genus. It was this cult that later formed the basis of religion and caste discrimination. Sanskrit people are in tune with nature The genocide can be traced back to the emergence of a monolithic society based on economics after the disintegration of ethnic society.
Woodwork and Artistic Tradition
Authors: P Thamilarasi
Published: February 2022

This article emphasizes the concern about the endangered trend of rural arts in today's commercialised world. Modern products also face an endangered trend, like some rural crafts. Our comfort is that the international powers have not yet seized the patent for rural products such as soil products. It is conceivable that artifacts are the mirror of culture and how people's feelings, values, ideologies, aesthetics, etc. are expressed in the objects of artisans who have converted through artifacts. The persistence of traditional rural handicrafts and the social identity issues of the artisan castes who make them must be known in conjunction with the context of today's social change. Have Tamils lived with ecological thinking and classification of the materials into the art tradition, the purpose of this article is to examine.
Blockchain Technology Transformation in Advancing Future Change
Authors: Hariguna Taqwa , Durachman Yusuf , Yusup Muhamad , Millah Shofiyul
Published: February 2022

With the development of technology in the 4th century, it can be seen from before the christian period (SM) such as the compass, calendar, pozzolana and wheel. And now the world is about to undergo a tremendous transformation. In this extraordinary change there are inventions such as printing machines, machines, digital computers, vaccines, telegraph technology, ironing tools, airplanes, and even the internet. With this discovery, the world underwent a tremendous transformation from the previous century, due to technological advances over time. Inventions made before Christ must take a long time, even centuries, but making changes today only takes a few years. But in this study, we will describe blockchain technology even centuries, but by making changes now it only takes a few years. But this research will describe blockchain technology. On Facebook, which has a new change to the concept of decentralization, but this concept is still somewhat contradictory to the current world system, so why do users need intermediaries, namely third parties to keep the transaction secure? This research will provide answers to arguments starting with a conceptual understanding which will then go through the stage of case study stages in various industries such as administration, banking, chain management, intellectual management, transportation, even asset management, logistics and energy materials. With blockchain technology, it is used to describe blockchain technology and technology that humans do everyday. There is a concept of a ledger that undergoes a gradual transformation carried out by Satoshi Nakamoto, who has a triple entry ledger that is used to master blockchain technology. In blockchain technology, it has cryptography that is useful for avoiding money laundering, knowing customer activity, knowing all banking transactions and even administration in storing people's identities. In this case study, we will discuss big companies such as IBM, Amazon, Maersk, and even a kind of startup like Ezremit and Signazy. And in this administration section it is important to identify global educational techniques and develop technology in a better direction so that it can advance society in Indonesia and blockchain technology is included in technology that advances future change.
Nilai Moral Bagi Kalangan Muda Dalam Mempergunakan Internet
Authors: Oktaviani Irma Rahmi , Fachrizal Muhamad Abil , Putri Ayang Nurmelisa , Nurhaadiiansyah Mochamad Dimas
Published: February 2022

Internet makes it easy for people, especially young people to communicate. Advances in Internet technology and mobile phones, social media is also growing rapidly. Young people in the modern era are proficient in managing and utilizing computer technology in using the Internet. The modern era can be said to be an era where there is a lot of development, be it the development of culture, the development of education and technology. It is very regrettable if the use of the internet even make the younger generation has no moral value in itself. Therefore, in order that moral values are always used young people to use the internet there are some that can be considered and applied ie, embedding religious values, raise the awareness of young people and the role and improve discipline.
The gender gap in the human capital of the restaurant sector
Authors: Galván-Ismael María Quetzalcihuatl , González-Lazalde Iván , Hernández-Chavarría Juana , Rivas-Barraza Anapaula
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the gender gap in the performance of activities and capacities in the manager position in micro and small restaurant companies in the city of Victoria, Durango. The Portela Human Capital Index (PHCI) and performance measurement were determined considering the labor competence standards CONOCER EC0422. The construct was validated through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the correlation of the performance indicators with those of human capital was sought; hypothesis tests were performed with non-parametric statistics searching for the behavior sample of men vs women. Results show demographic and performance characteristics; statistically they do not show significant differences between genders, although they show that men obtained the manager position at a younger age than women, even if having less experience. The proportion of women who must have a bachelor's degree to be considered for the position, compared to men, is higher. Finally, job performance is higher in workers who have a higher level of human capital, specifically in understanding and managing laws and regulations.
Virtual laboratories, an educational resource as a strategy for quality education
Authors: Hernández-López Vianney , López-Valdivieso Leticia , Martínez-Izquierdo Carlos Mario , Notario-Priego Ezequiel
Published: February 2022

Virtual laboratories are considered the simulation of a real laboratory, where the behavior of a certain is studied using mathematical models, and although it does not interact physically with the processes or systems, experimentation with simulated models it is comparable to reality. The objective is to recognize the benefits that virtual laboratories offer the student, as a tool in problem solving, linking theory with practice, and developing teamwork, all within distance learning. Therefore, a compilation of different sources of information regarding virtual laboratories was made, where it is stated that the interviewees who make use of this tool for their learning obtained a favorable response by identifying that they develop skills that prepare them for their experimental participation in a future. Therefore, it is considered a strategy for quality teaching.
Pertanggung Jawaban dalam Perseroan Terbatas yang Pengurusannya Dilakukan oleh Anggota Dewan Komisaris Pasca UU Cipta Kerja
Authors: Agustini Shenti
Published: February 2022

Banyak pelaku usaha menggunakan badan hukum perseroan terbatas untuk menjalankan usahanya, namun dalam prakteknya, banyak ditemukan susunan pemegang saham dan organnya terdiri dari perorangan-perorangan yang masih mempunyai hubungan keluarga, sehingga tidak sedikit perorangan yang menjabat sebagai anggota dewan komisaris tanpa melalui tata cara yang benar dalam melakukan berbagai tindakan pengurusan atas nama perseroan, bahkan mengadakan perikatan terhadap pihak ketiga atas nama perseroan padahal jabatannya adalah sebagai dewan komisaris, sehingga tidak menutup kemungkinan mengalami kerugian. Selain itu, pengelolaan perusahaan dengan tidak benar dapat menimbulkan kerugian yang juga akan merugikan pihak ketiga yang mengadakan perikatan dengan perseroan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh pihak ketiga yang dirugikan oleh dewan komisaris dari suatu perseroan terbatas yang melakukan pengurusan terhadap usaha perseroan tersebut.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Konsumen dalam Sistem Transaksi Online Perspektif Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Authors: Zaki Attirmidzi M. , Rizka .
Published: February 2022

Penelitian yang membahas bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam jual beli online dan bagaimana tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap perlindungan konsumen dalam jual beli online ini, menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis-normatif dengan data sekunder sebagai sumber data utamanya. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam jual beli online diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2011 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, serta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik. Pada prinsipnya pelaku usaha dapat dituntut pertanggungjawaban dalam transaksi online lewat pertanggungjawaban kontraktual prinsip tanggung jawab berdasarkan unsus kesalahan, prinsip praduga untuk selalu bertanggung jawab, prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak.
Efektivitas Penerapan Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 dalam Upaya Meminimalisir Perkawinan Dini
Authors: Dewi Mahmudah Uun , Iftitah Anik , Alfaris Moh.
Published: February 2022

Pada dasarnya, perkawinan berlandasakan pada sisi religiusitas, yang berarti bahwa aspek keagamaan merupakan salah satu dasar pokok dalam menjalankan kehidupan berumah tangga dan ketaqwaan serta keimanan kepada Tuhan. Penelitian ini meneliti kebijakan pembatasan usia perkawinan pasca dihapuskannya perbedaan usia minimal perkawinan dalam UU 1/1974 tentang Perkawinan dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 22/PUU-XV/2017 dan keefektifannya di daerah sebagai refleksi penegakan hukum perkawinan nasional. Peneliti menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dari jenis penelitian hukum empiris. Data yang diterapkan ialah hasil kombinasi dari data primer dan sekunder, berbentuk penelitian evaluatif yang tujuannya untuk mengevaluasi penerapan suatu penelitian lapangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perkawinan sebagai produk hukum pasca putusan MK di atas di wilayah Kantor Urusan Agama Kec. Garum masih  belum efektif.
Empirical Analysis of Rational Expectation and Permanent Income Hypothesis in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Musbaudeen Abiodun , Barkley Daniel , Wang Jing
Published: February 2022

This study empirically analyses the rational expectation and permanent income hypothesis (PIH) in Lagos State, Nigeria using the ordinary least square method to estimate the long-run relationship and parsimonious error correction model to estimate short-run impacts. Our findings show that permanent income influences permanent monthly consumption in the short and long run but permanent monthly income does not impact temporary monthly consumption both in the short and long run. Financial regulation may be necessary to prevent a significant fall in the value of the portfolio of asset holdings by Lagos residents.
The Impact of Short-term and Long-term International Capital Flows on Economic Growth
Authors: Huang Kai-Ting , Yang Grant G. L.
Published: February 2022

With the rapid growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world, FDI plays an increasingly important role than the trade in the process of economic globalization and integration. However, the effect of international capital on economic growth is ambiguous. Moderate foreign capital inflow can solve the problem of insufficient funds in the real economy and promote the development of the virtual economy as well. Empirical analyses have shown that the impact of long-term international capital flows on economic growth is more favorable and long-lasting, but the rapid pace of short-term international capital flows has an unstable impact on a country’s economy. This study explores the impact of China’s long-term and short-term international capital flows on GDP since 1971, and the results show that both long-term and short-term international capital flows could benefit economic growth before 2011. Although short-term international capital flew out rapidly after 2012, it did not reduce the steady growth trend of China’s economy.
Blind Painful Eye Revealing Spontaneously Regressed Retinoblastoma in Young Patient
Authors: Hadijah Hadijah , Pagarra Halimah , P. Amir Suliati , Pratiwi Andi
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Spontaneous regression is a rare but well-known feature of retinoblastoma, which is predicted in approximately 2 of every 100 cases. Unilateral, unifocal spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma is infrequent; bilateral multifocal spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma is even more extraordinary. In many of the previously reported cases, the eye (or eyes) containing the spontaneously regressed tumor has been phthisical and blind. Herein, we describe the case of a young woman with unilateral, spontaneously regressed retinoblastoma (RB), with inflamed, blind, and phthisis in the left eye as an uncommon presentation of spontaneously regressed retinoblastoma
Methods: This is a case report: An 18-year-old woman came to the outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of pain in the left eye since 1 month prior and a history of dysfunctional “cat’s” eye since childhood. 
Results: Exotropia and atrophy bulbi was noticed in the left eye. Anterior segment examination revealed signs of inflammation including conjunctival hyperemia, shallow anterior chamber, rubeosis iridis, and posterior synechia with white “chalky” mass suggestive calcification. B-scan ultrasonography showed a point like lesion and solitary solid intraocular mass with calcification in vitreus. Orbital computed tomography scan (CT-Scan) showed atrophy of the left eye with intraocular calcification without optic nerve and extraocular muscle involvement. Enucleation and histopathology examination were done and revealed undifferentiated retinoblastoma beyond the sign of metastasis in other parts of the eye.
Conclusion: Blind painful eye may present as the main feature of spontaneously regressed retinoblastoma that possibly caused by an inflammatory reaction.
Evaluasi 97 Pasien Oftalmopati Graves’ Selama 3 Tahun Menggunakan Algoritma Eugogo dan Konsensus Nasional
Authors: Hartomuljono Claudia , Nusanti Syntia
Published: February 2022

Introduction and Objective: Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disorder of the orbit that is closely associated with Graves’ diseases. Various classification system was proposed to evaluate clinical findings in GO. As controversy exists in assessment and management of GO there is a need to evaluate and improve diagnostic criteria using practical guideline.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients admitted between 2016 – 2018 to neuro-ophthalmology clinic. Clinical manifestation, the activity, severity and management of the disease were assessed using EUGOGO scale and Clinical Activity Score (CAS).
Result: A total of 97 GO patients included in the study. Male to female ratio is 1:2.7 which is highest in the age range of 30-50 years. The majority of patients have hyperthyroid status (41.2%) and bilateral clinical characteristics (77%). A total of 92 patients (94.8%) had visual acuity ?6/18. The most commonly reported clinical sign at the time of assessment is eyelid edema followed by conjunctival injection. Patients with mild EUGOGO status was entirely GO inactive while 5 active GO patients were of moderate-to-severe (4 patients) and 1 patient with sight-threatening GO. Patients with active GO received 1x500 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone for 3 days every week for 4 cycles where at the follow-up there was a significant decrease in CAS score by an average of 3-4 points.
Conclusion: The EUGOGO classification system provides diagnostic guidance and appropriate management algorithms for GO patients. Administration of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in active GO is still the first choice of therapy.
Analysis of Chest Tube Scars on the Use of Conventional versus Knotless Methods
Authors: Loho Claudia , Hatibie Mendy , Tangkilisan Adrian , Sukanto Wega , Langi Fredrik G.
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Removal of chest tube is a one of the most distressing and frustrating experience for patients. Moreover, it has a tendency of scar formation. A relatively new method has been developed using a type of suture without knots (knotless). Assessment of scar is an objective and subjective method performed by using patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS). This study was aimed to assess the scars formed due to chest tube removal using conventional and knotless sutures. This was a controlled trial design. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the PSOAS scores of scars formed due to conventional and knotless sutures performed by patients and observers after three months, and obtained a p-value of less than 0.05. In conclusion, scar formation due to knotless suture is more acceptable for patients compared to conventional suture among chest tube removal wounds; therefore, the knotless suture can be a cosmetically alternative for wound closure management. Keywords: chest tube; scar tissue; knotless suture; conventional suture Abstrak: Pelepasan chest tube merupakan hal yang menyakitkan dan pengalaman yang membuat frustasi bagi pasien. Selain itu, tindakan ini berpeluang menyebabkan pembentukan jaringan parut. Telah dikembangkan metode baru dengan material jahitan baru yang tidak perlu disimpul. Penilaian jaringan parut dapat berupa penilaian obyektif dan subyektif dengan menggunakan Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai jaringan parut akibat pelepasan chest tube antara penjahitan metode konvensional dan knotless. Desain penelitian ialah controlled trial. Penilaian PSOAS baik dari pasien, observer, atau keduanya dilakukan tiga bulan kemudian terhadap jaringan parut yang terbentuk akibat penggunaan kedua metode. Perbandingan hasil skor PSOAS dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney yang mendapatkan nilai p<0,05. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pembentukan jaringan parut pada metode knotless lebih akseptabel bagi pasien dibandingkan metode konvensional. Hal ini dapat menjadi salah satu metode alternatif penutupan luka chest tube dengan hasil yang lebih dapat diterima.Kata kunci: chest tube; jaringan parut; metode knotless; metode konvensional
Benefit of Six-minute Walk Test to the Quality of Life and Functional Capacity in Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients
Authors: Simamora Poniton P. A. R. , Rampengan Starry H. , Panda Agnes L.
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CSS) have lower quality of life (QoL) due to the high frequency of angina and limits in carrying out activities, which is reflected in their low functional capacity. The six-minute walk test (6-MWT) is used to assess the patient's QoL and functional capabilities. This study aimed to determine the benefit of the 6-MWT on QoL and functional capacity in CCS. This was a literature review study using four databases, namely PubMed, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The results obtained five studies discussing the utility of 6-MWT for risk stratification, three studies discussing the utility of 6-MWT in assessing functional capacity, and four studies discussing the utility of 6-MWT in assessing the QoL in CCS patients. The low functional capacity of CCS patients contributed to decreased QoL. In conclusion, the 6-MWT is a simple walking test that is easy to perform, valid, responsive and can be tolerated by CCS patients, and it can be used for risk stratification, functional capacity assessment, and QoL assessment.Keywords: six-minute walk test, chronic coronary syndrome, quality of life, functional capacity Abstrak: Pasien sindrom koroner kronis (SKK) memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih rendah karena tingginya frekuensi angina dan keterbatasan melakukan aktivitas yang tergambar dalam kapasitas fungsional yang rendah. Kualitas hidup pasien dan kapasitas fungsional dapat dievaluasi menggunakan tes latihan uji jalan enam menit (UJ6M). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegunaan UJ6M terhadap kualitas hidup dan kapasitas fungsional pada pasien SKK. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Penelusuran data menggunakan PubMed, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan lima artikel membahas tentang kegunaan UJ6M untuk stratifikasi risiko, tiga artikel membahas tentang kegunaan UJ6M dalam menilai kapasitas fungsional, dan empat artikel membahas tentang kegunaan UJ6M dalam menilai kualitas hidup pasien SKK. Didapatkan bahwa kapasitas fungsional pasien SKK yang rendah memiliki kontribusi terhadap kualitas hidup yang menurun. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah uji jalan enam menit merupakan tes berjalan sederhana yang mudah dilakukan, valid, responsif serta dapat ditoleransi oleh pasien SKK yang berperan dalam stratifikasi risiko, penilaian kapasitas fungsional, dan kualitas hidup.Kata kunci: uji jalan enam menit; sindrom koroner kronis; kualitas hidup; kapasitas fungsional
Üzleti és vállalati tolmácsolás a dialógustolmácsolás kontextusában
Authors: Németh Anikó
Published: February 2022

Üzleti tárgyaláson vagy céges megbeszélésen történő tolmácsolás, közismert nevén az üzleti tolmácsolás szinte valamennyi nemzetközi és hazai fordí- tóiroda kínálatában szerepel. Nyilvánvalóan nem nehéz magunk elé képzelni egy ilyen jellegű tolmácsolási eseményt, ellenben az üzleti tolmácsolás kontextusának és sajátosságainak a feltárása a tolmácsolástudománnyal foglalkozó szakirodalom- ban korántsem ilyen egyszerű feladat. Jelen tanulmány elméleti áttekintést kíván adni az üzleti és a vállalati kommunikációban zajló dialógustolmácsolás sajátossá- gairól. Ennek keretében először a dialógustolmácsolás (dialogue interpreting) tágabb kontextusába helyezve tekinti át a tolmácsolás típusaival kapcsolatos, különféle – ám gyakran szinonimaként használt – megnevezéseket, külön kiemelve az üzleti tolmá- csolást. Mindemellett interdiszciplináris megközelítéssel is körüljárja a témát, és a vállalati kommunikáció szakirodalma alapján rávilágít az üzleti és a vállalati kon- textusban zajló tolmácsolási eseményeket befolyásoló tényezőkre, különös hangsúlyt szentelve a tárgyalófelek tárgyalási stratégiáinak és taktikáinak. A szakirodalom áttekintése végül néhány releváns empirikus kutatás említésével zárul.
Implementation of Authenticated Group Key Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Dr S.R.K. Govt. Arts College Yanam (U.T of Puducherry), India, Murthy A.V.V.S. , Reddy P. Vasudeva ,   Department of Engineering Mathematics, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. (A.P), India
Published: February 2022

The group key management technique is an important technique for cryptographic applications. In this paper, we implemented our proposed method [1] on a group key management protocol for group communication. The proposed protocol is authenticated group key distribution protocol is a mechanism for distributing a group key. We also discussed security analysis and attacks in active and passive adversary model. Also, it ensures semantic security as well as Key freshness of the group key. Along with this, they provide implicit and mutual authentication of the group key. Furthermore, the protocols provide key independence, provide Perfect Forward Secrecy and are resistant to Known Key Attack Implementation of proposed protocol in NS2 simulator.
SARS-CoV-2 Identification Using Colorimetric Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Chiș Aimee Rodica , Muntean Paula Diana , Moatăr Alexandra Ioana , Oancea Cristian , Crețu Octavian Marius , Sîrbu Ioan Ovidiu
Published: February 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused worldwide losses from all points of view. Although there are efficient vaccines against this virus, rapid detection remains essential for controlling its spread. The gold standard for the COVID-19 diagnostic is the use of quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from naso-/oro-pharyngeal swabs and, alternatively, saliva specimens. A faster alternative to the RT-qPCR method, the colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (cLAMP) has a good sensitivity and specificity and has been proposed as an efficient screening method. In this study, we analyzed several sets of LAMP primers for COVID-19 testing using purified RNA samples and raw saliva samples, and tested several reaction conditions. Our results showed that the sensitivity of cLAMP reactions on raw saliva samples can be significantly augmented by the addition of guanidine hydrochloride to levels, which allow its use for COVID-19 screening.
The Influence of Several Biological Parameters on the Management of Patients with Colon Cancer Undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors: Feier Cătălin Vlăduț Ionuț , Olariu Andra , Olariu Sorin
Published: February 2022

(1) Aim of the study: Our study aims to analyze the influence of biological parameters such as hemoglobin, albumin, total protein, on the management and duration of treatment of colon cancer patients who have undergone elective surgery. (2) Material and methods: Data of 147 patients from the Surgery Clinic 1 of the County Clinical Hospital of Timisoara who underwent an elective surgery for colon cancer treatment were statistically analyzed using statistical tests such as Anova or Chi square with a p < 0.05 considered to be statistically significant. (3) Results: Differences between preoperative and postoperative parameters were correlated with the duration of surgery (hemoglobin, p = 0.014). The average length of hospital stay was correlated with the difference between the preoperative and postoperative level of hemoglobin (p = 0.043). There was a direct correlation between the length of postoperative hospital stay and the difference between the plasmatic levels of albumin (p = 0.033). There were differences in the average Charlson index value of patients who required albumin, with no statistical significance. (4) Conclusions: The difference between preoperative and postoperative levels of biological parameters (hemoglobin, albumin, total protein) has an influence on the management of patients with colon cancer undergoing elective surgery, affecting the number of days the patients spend in the hospital after the surgical procedure, as well as the total number of days spent in the hospital (from day one to discharge). The greater the variation of those differences, the longer recovery period needed, showing that an early correction of those parameters can lead to a shorter hospital stay, a faster postoperative recovery and a shorter postoperative hospital stay.
TO STUDY THE OUTCOME OF PATIENT UNDERGOING ELECTIVE LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY WITH SINGLE DOSE OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS.
Authors: Gole S N , Nirala S L , Dubey Chandan
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION :- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is very commonly performed surgery for symptomatic
cholelithiasis. There is very low risk of infective complications in elective Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
and hence standard guideline doesn't recommend prophylactic antibiotic usage for low risk cases. However it is very
commonly practicised in dosage and duration inconsistent among various surgeons. This study is being done to assess the
efcacy of single dose antibiotic prophylaxis over multiple dose in the prevention of surgical site infection in patients
undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy to avoid antibiotic resistance and overuse of it .
METHODS: The study included 60 patients admitted for elective Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. First 30 patients received
injectable ceftriaxone 1 gram intravenous peri-operatively, rst dose twelve hour before surgery and second dose half hour
before surgical incision and then followed by injection (conventional dose) ceftriaxone 1 gram/day iv twice daily for the rst 5-7
days post-operatively. Next 30 was dened as the single dose (post-operative) antibiotic patients , this group were given only
single dosage of injectable ceftriaxone 1 gram intravenous post-operatively.operation-room anesthetic assistant administered
prophylactic antibiotics at induction of anaesthesia to all the patients. On the third, fth, tenth and fteenth days post
operatively, based on Southampton scoring system the wound was seen and grading of the infection was done
RESULT: The post-operative surgical site infection rate in group receiving single dose was 7.76 % and that in multiple dose
group was found to be 6.67% . Chi- square test was used to analyse the data and the difference in the rate of SSI in both the
groups was found to be statistically insignicant.
CONCLUSION: There is no signicant difference in the outcome of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of post
operative surgical site infection in single dose and multiple dose group. Also single dose of antibiotics are more patient
compliant, cost effective, have less adverse effects and reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON SURGICAL WOUND DEHISCENCE -PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Gowthaman M.D. , Prema V. , Premkumar T.
Published: February 2022

Background: Wound dehiscence is dened as a partial or total disruption of the abdominal wound
closure, with or without abdominal contents protrusion. It's one of surgeons' most dreaded consequences,
and it's considered a serious postoperative complication with mortality rates as high as 45 percent. In the literature, the
incidence ranges from 0.4 percent to 3.5 percent. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal wound
dehiscence in relation to various risk variables, as well as to investigate effective management of abdominal wound
dehiscence.
Methods: Patients with abdominal wound dehiscence after surgery were included. In light of the substantial risk factors, the
types of surgery conducted, including surgical incisions made, and the type of disease involved, an extensive clinical history
was obtained. This prospective study comprised a total of 60 patients. Appropriate software was used to analyse the data.
Results: Male patients had higher incidence for abdominal wound dehiscence in fth decade.
Patients presenting with peritonitis secondary to hollow viscus perforation are more prone to abdominal wound dehiscence.
Class 3 surgery i.e., contaminated surgeries in emergency nature has higher risk for wound dehiscence.
Conclusions: Co-morbidities such as diabetes, malnutrition, anaemia, and COPD all contribute to the slow healing of wounds.
Simple routine laboratory tests may aid in the identication of predisposing factors and their correction. The majority of
patients can be treated conservatively with secondary suturing rather than undergoing re-exploration and surgery.
A CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF FISTULA-IN-ANO
Authors: Fathima T. Husna , Vengatesh M. Prema , Raghul R. Ram
Published: February 2022

Fistula-in-ano is considered as one of the commonest cause for a persistent seropurulent discharge,
irritating the perianal skin andcausing discomfort. This study deals with theetiopathogenesis of patients
presenting with stula in ano at Rajah muthiah medical college and hospital, Chidambaram. The different modes of treatment
and their efcacy will be compared further. Fifty patients were selected who were diagnosed as stula in ano admitted in
inpatient basis during Oct2019 to Sept2021. Patient received tailored treatment. Data related to the objectives of the study were
collected. Majority of patients belonged to the age group of 30-50 years which accounts for 68% of patients. Male being
predominantly affected (80%). 80% simple stula out of which 64% male and 16% female. Complex stula constitute about 20%
male 16% and female 4%. Intersphincteric 46.6%; transphincteric33.3% ; horse shoe 4%; anterior stula 2.6%.Fistulectomy is
commonly performed i.e., in about 50% of cases with a mean durationof stay for 3 - 5days. The postoperative complication of
recurrence was seen in 5 case (7%). after 90 days.We conclude that the most common type of stula is intersphincteric.
Fistulectomy is the most commonly performed procedure. Recurrence was seen in cases associated with comorbidity. The
newer modalities of treatment to prevent recurrence and avoid sphincter damage are yet to be implemented.
RENAL TRAUMA: PROFILE AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Bakshi Vipul , A Mir Tariq , Singh Chahal Harmandeep
Published: February 2022

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the pattern of renal injuries in blunt trauma abdomen and
management protocols.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients of blunt renal trauma above 15 years of age who fullled the inclusion criteria were
included. Patients were studied for their management and outcomes.
RESULTS: A total of 18 patients were enrolled who had blunt renal injury. Mean age was 28.72 years. Most common mode of
injury leading to renal injuries were motor vehicle accidents i.e. 13 cases out of 18 (72.2%). Associated liver injury was present in
11 out of 18 cases (61%). Mean hospital stay was 10.76 days.. Hematuria occurred in 10 cases out of 18 i.e. 55.6%. There were 3
patients (16.7%) each of Grade I, Grade II, Grade III and Grade V renal injury. Grade IV renal injury was more common
accounting for 6 cases out of 18 (33.3%). Grade I, II and III renal injury were managed conservatively. Out of 6 patients of Grade
IV renal trauma, 5 were managed conservatively and one patient underwent angioembolization. Nephrectomy along with
splenectomy was in one patient. complications like perinephric abscess formation, urinoma formation were noted
CONCLUSION: Majority of the patients of blunt trauma renal injury can be managed conservatively. High Grade injuries may
require surgery or angioembolization in selected cases.
ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF ZERO-DAY TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA WITH TAUSSIG BING ANOMALY
Authors: Uppalapati Vamsi Krishna , Shukla Rajiv , Swain Amlan , Chatterjee Abhishek , Sahu Seelora , Kumar Sharad
Published: February 2022

Neonatal babies have specic physiological and pharmacological considerations regarding
anesthesia. Newborns from 0 to 28 days are more likely to suffer from adverse cardiopulmonary
conditions during the perioperative period. This paper presents the case of a zero-day baby with multiple Congenital Cardiac
anomalies like Taussig-Bing Anomaly (DORV, VSD, PDA), Levocardia, TGA, and distal Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) for
emergency surgical repair. It addresses the anesthetic challenges like awake intubation for securing the complex airway and
maintaining an adequate ventilation-perfusion ratio.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF THYROID LESIONS- OUR EXPERIENCE
Authors: J. Patil Prabhavati , Gupta Shilpa , Srivastava Shanu
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid disorders are most common endocrine disorders seen worldwide, next to
pancreatic disorders. They exhibit wide range of morphological patterns with few challenges, which
explains the great interest of pathologists in these lesions.
AIM: To evaluate the histopathological spectrum of lesions in thyroidectomy specimens.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for a period of 3 years. All
thyroidectomy specimens received in the department of pathology were studied by routine parafn processing and
haematoxylin & eosin staining. Diseases were classied into various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions based on
histomorphology.
RESULTS: Total 71 specimens were included in the study. Highest incidence was observed in 5th decade and showed female
predominance (87.32%). Non-neoplastic lesions accounted for 53 cases (74.64%) and neoplastic lesions constituted 18 cases
(25.36%). The commonest non-neoplastic lesion was multinodular goitre and commonest neoplastic lesion was papillary
thyroid carcinoma. However, we faced few challenges in reporting both non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions.
CONCLUSION: In our study thyroid diseases showed a denite female predominance, most of them occurring in 5th decade.
Non-neoplastic lesions predominated over neoplastic lesions. Among the neoplastic, malignant lesions outnumbered the
benign ones, major constituent being papillary thyroid carcinoma.