bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards an adaptive SOA-based QoS & Demand-Response Provisioning Architecture for the Smart Grid
Authors: Chrysoulas Christos , Fasli Maria
Published: June 2017

Dynamic selection of services and by extension of service providers are vital in today’s liberalized market of energy. On the other hand it is equally important for Service Providers to spot the one QoS Module that offers the best QoS level in a given cost. Type of service, response time, throughput, availability and cost, consist a basic set of attributes that should be taken into consideration when building a concrete Grid network. In the proposed QoS architecture Prosumers request services based on the aforementioned set of attributes. The Prosumer requests the service through the QoS Module. It is then the QoS Module that seeks the Service Provider that best fits the needs of the client. The aforementioned approach is well supplemented with a data analytics/machine learning architecture to further enrich the provisioning aspect this work is bringing to the Smart Grid market of energy.
An IC architecture for RF Energy Harvesting systems
Authors: Pantoli Leonardo , Leoni Alfiero , Stornelli Vincenzo , Ferri Giuseppe
Published: June 2017

In this work we present an IC architecture for RF energy harvesting. The system has been designed with a 0.18μm CMOS SMIC technology and optimized at 900MHz. Simulation results have confirmed that the integrated system handles an incoming power typically ranging from -25 dBm to 20 dBm by rectifying the variable input signals into a DC voltage source with an overall efficiency up to 50%. The chip area estimation for the proposed system is as low as 3x3mm2.
Design of Passive RFID Sensor Tags Enhanced by a Novel Logical Communication Procedure over LLRP
Authors: Catarinucci Luca , Colella Riccardo , Tarricone Luciano
Published: June 2017

Over the past decade, electromagnetic and communication science societies, along with improving the classical RFID technology, have put in a great deal of effort in designing novel and more complex UHF RFID tags with augmented capabilities. Novel tags offer additional functionalities besides identification by embedding sensors, actuators, and processing units. In this work an enhanced version of one of such devices, called SPARTACUS, is presented. While being completely passive, it conjugates identification, sensing, local computing, and actuation control and enables a proactive communication with any standard RFID reader. The paper presents details on a novel logical communication procedure over Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP), besides discussing system validation and performance evaluation.
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY. THE BURDEN OF EXCESSIVE BUREAUCRATIZATION
Authors: CICEO Georgiana
Published: June 2017

The present article looks at the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) through the lenses of policy analysis in order to assess the processes through which its stated goal to support and foster stability, security and prosperity in the countries closest to its borders are transposed into practice and produce an impact on its neighbours. It proceeds from the assumption that due to the embeddedness of this policy in the enlargement policy it overstrains the institutional framework set up for this policy and leads to mixed results in its evaluation. If the focus of the entire neighbourhood policy has been recalibrated several times from its inception, its modus operandi suffered only limited alterations. This paved the way to an excessive bureaucratization of the entire policy, which impacted directly on EU’s capacity to attain its core objectives.
COMPLEXITIES AND CHALLENGES WITHIN THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP: ETHNO-POLITICAL SECESSIONISM, FROZEN CONFLICTS, AND DE FACTO STATES IN SOUTH CAUCASUS
Authors: HERȚA Laura M.
Published: June 2017

This article presents and analyzes several key concepts associated with the South Caucasus region, such as secessionism, frozen conflicts, and de facto states. The main goal is to emphasize complexities of this region in terms of ethno-political turmoil and main challenges with respect to the Eastern Partnership. The article is organized in two main parts. The first two sections will briefly overview EU’s relations with countries within the South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan) and the theoretical approaches on ethnic conflicts. The methodological approach employed in this paper will focus on constructivist claims relating to ethno-political conflicts. The second part of the paper will analyze three case-studies (Abkhazia, South-Ossetia, and Nagorno-Karabakh) by focusing on ethno-political secessionism, frozen conflicts, and de facto statehood.
QUO VADIS LE KOSOVO? ENJEUX ET PERSPECTIVES DU PROCESSUS DE CONSTRUCTION DE L’ETAT DANS UN PAYS SANS « STATUT »
Authors: BÁLÓ András
Published: June 2017

Quo vadis le Kosovo? Challenges and Perspectives of the Statebuilding in a Country Without Status. The old continent’s youngest state, Kosovo is facing huge challenges in recent times. Lack of recognition and the slowness of the state-building process are important obstacles to the country’s economic development. What is the current stage of these state-building efforts, and what are the challenges and perspectives of this process? Important questions that we are trying to find the answers for in this paper.
 
Resumé: Kosovo, le pays le plus jeune du Vieux Continent fait face à des défis énormes de nos jours. Le manque de reconnaissance et la lenteur du processus de construction de l’État sont des obstacles importants à l’émergence économique du pays. Quelle est la phase actuelle des efforts de ce processus de construction de l’État et quels sont ses défis et ses perspectives ? - Questions importantes auxquelles on essaie de répondre dans ce travail.
Mots-clé: diaspora, minorité, reconnaissance, reconstruction, processus de construction de l’État
Diagnosing Environmental Allergies: Comparison of Skin-Prick, Intradermal, and Serum Specific Immunoglobulin E Testing
Authors: Ferastraoaru Denisa , Shtessel Maria , Lobell Elizabeth , Hudes Golda , Rosenstreich David , de Vos Gabriele
Published: June 2017

Background

Allergists commonly perform intradermal skin testing (IDST) after negative skin-prick testing (SPT) to comprehensively diagnose environmental allergic sensitization. However, with the availability of modern methods to detect serum-specific immunoglobulin E (ssIgE), it is unclear if ssIgE testing could substitute for IDST.

Objective

To determine the efficacy of ssIgE testing and IDST when added to SPT in diagnosing environmental allergic sensitizations.

Methods

SPT, IDST, and ssIgE testing to nine common environmental allergens were analyzed in 75 patients with oculonasal symptoms who presented to our allergy clinics in the Bronx, New York, between January 2014 and May 2015.

Results

A total of 651 SPT and 499 ssIgE tests were independently performed and revealed 162 (25%) and 127 (25%) sensitizations, respectively. When SPT results were negative, IDST results revealed 108 of 452 additional sensitizations (24%). In contrast, when SPT results were negative, ssIgE test results only revealed 9% additional sensitizations. When both SPT and IDST results were negative, ssIgE testing only detected 3% of additional sensitizations, and ssIgE levels were typically low in these cases (median, 1.25 kU/L; range, 0.357–4.47 kU/L). When both SPT and ssIgE test results were negative, IDST results detected 15% additional sensitizations.

Conclusion

IDST detected more additional environmental sensitizations compared with ssIgE testing. IDST, therefore, may be useful when the SPT and/or ssIgE testing results were negative, but the exposure history indicated relevant allergic sensitization. Serology added only a little more information if both SPT and IDST results were negative but may be useful in combination with SPT if IDST cannot be performed.
Landmarks for Rapid Localization of the Sphenopalatine Foramen: A Radiographic Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Maxwell Anne K. , Barham Henry P. , Getz Anne E. , Kingdom Todd T. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R.
Published: June 2017

Background

Transnasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation is becoming the procedure of choice for surgical management of intractable posterior epistaxis. Landmarks for localization of the sphenopalatine foramen can assist in rapid surgical exposure of the sphenopalatine artery.

Objective

This study examined distances from easily identified endoscopic surgical landmarks to the sphenopalatine foramen.

Methods

By using computed tomography of the sinus to study radiologic anatomy in 50 adults, distances were measured between five simple endoscopic landmarks and the sphenopalatine foramen. The two-tailed t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Right- and left-sided measurements were similar. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) anteroposterior distances to the sphenopalatine foramen were the following: from the maxillary line (36.7 ± 5.5 mm), anterior head of the middle turbinate (33.8 ± 6.7 mm), basal lamella (11.8 ± 1.9 mm), and choanal arch (–9.2 ± 1.4 mm). The mean (SD) distance in the vertical dimension from the nasal floor was 26.6 ± 2.6 mm. Female patients had statistically shorter distances to the sphenopalatine foramen from the maxillary line, anterior head of the middle turbinate, choanal arch, and nasal floor.

Conclusion

Reliable endoscopic landmarks exist in relation to consistent anatomic structures and can be used to help quickly estimate the location of the sphenopalatine foramen at the onset of the procedure.
Complete Response of Skull Base Inverted Papilloma to Chemotherapy: Case Report
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Frederick John W. , Diaz Miguel F. Palma , Lim Dean W. , Suh Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2017

Background

Inverted papilloma (IP) is the most common benign sinonasal neoplasm. Endoscopic techniques, improved understanding of pathophysiology, and novel surgical approaches have allowed rhinologists to treat IPs more effectively, with surgery being the mainstay of therapy. Frontal sinus IP poses a challenge for surgical therapy due to complex anatomy and potentially difficult surgical access.

Objectives

We reported a unique case of a massive frontal sinus IP that presented with intracranial and orbital extension, with near resolution after chemotherapy.

Methods

A retrospective case review of a patient with a frontal sinus IP treated at a tertiary academic medical center.

Results

A 75-year-old male patient presented with nasal obstruction, purulent nasal discharge, and a growing left supraorbital mass. Endoscopy demonstrated a mass that filled both frontal and ethmoid sinuses, with orbital invasion. There also was substantial erosion of the posterior table, which measured 1.73 × 1.40 cm. A biopsy specimen demonstrated IP with carcinoma in situ. The patient was deemed unresectable on initial evaluation and, subsequently, underwent chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel). The tumor had a dramatic response to chemotherapy, and the patient elected for definitive surgery to remove any residual disease. During surgery, only a small focus of IP was found along the superior wall of the frontal sinus. No tumor was found elsewhere, including at the site of skull base erosion. The final pathology was IP without carcinoma in situ or dysplasia.

Conclusion

This was the first reported case of chemotherapeutic “debulking” of IP, which facilitated surgical resection, despite substantial intracranial and orbital involvement. Although nearly all IPs can be treated surgically, rare cases, such as unresectable tumors, may benefit from systemic chemotherapy.
Effect of Topical Beclomethasone on Inflammatory Markers in Adults with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bhardwaj Neeti , Ishmael Faoud , Lehman Erik , Bethards Deborah , Ruggiero Francesca , Ghaffari Gisoo
Published: June 2017

Background

Topical corticosteroids have proven efficacy in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and are considered the cornerstone of therapy.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of topical beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) therapy on clinical outcomes, esophageal eosinophilia, and other markers of inflammation in patients with EoE.

Methods

Nine subjects with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of EoE were enrolled. In a cross-over design, the subjects were randomly assigned to a sequence of BDP and placebo. Treatment periods were 8 weeks, with a 4-week washout period. The subjects had endoscopic biopsies and blood tests at baseline and after each treatment period. They were instructed to maintain a diary of symptoms. Immuno-histochemical studies were performed for interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17F, IL-25, IL-33, chemokine ligands (CCL)2, CCL5, CCL11, GM-CSF, and TGF-beta levels. The mast cell tryptase (MCT) level was measured in esophageal tissues.

Results

BDP led to a significantly larger decrease in esophageal eosinophilia compared with placebo, but there was no significant change in peripheral eosinophilia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein between the two groups. The study was not powered enough for us to report a significant improvement in clinical symptoms. There was a significant decrease in tissue IL-13 and MCT levels from baseline to the end of treatment between the treatment and placebo groups. Mean fold decreases in cytokine expression between the baseline and treatment groups were observed for IL-17F, IL-25, CCL2, and CCL5.

Conclusion

Treatment with topical BDP was associated with significant decrease in esophageal eosinophilia, MCT and IL-13. BDP is a potential alternative to fluticasone propionate and budesonide for treatment of EoE. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings.
Differential Diagnosis and Proper Treatment of Acute Rhinosinusitis: Guidance Based on Historical Data Analysis
Authors: Cevc Gregor
Published: June 2017

Background

The time course of rhinovirus positive and negative rhinosinusitis has not been quantified yet, which aggravates proper selection and justification of the optimum treatment for this illness. Such quantitative information would facilitate an early and proper identification of the disease and its differentiation from acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, and could diminish harmful overuse of antibiotics, arguably driven by patients’ want for attention and the treating physicians’ inability to offer an adequate verbal comfort in its stead.

Objective

Extraction of the quantitative information needed to identify rhinovirus positive or negative rhinosinusitis and to allow selection of the most appropriate treatment from the published time dependence of individual clinical symptoms of the disease.

Methods

Scrutiny (and modeling) of temporal evolution of all noteworthy symptoms of rhinosinusitis with a simple mathematical expression that relies on two adjustable parameters per symptom (and potentially a general time offset as an extra adjustable parameter).

Results

Adverse effects of rhinosinusitis can be grouped according to the sequence of their exponential appearance and ~2.6 times slower exponential disappearance, rhinovirus negative rhinosinusitis generally improving ~25% faster and being ~40% less severe. The major early local symptoms (throat soreness and scratchiness, headache) vanish with a half-life of ~1.8 days, whereas further local symptoms take ~1.6 times longer to disappear. At least 50–60% improvement of two prominent early symptoms, sore throat and sneezing (but not of nasal discharge, cough, and hoarseness) by day 5 of the disease implies a nonbacterial origin of rhinitis and should exclude use of antibiotics.

Conclusion

Temporal evolution of all rhinosinusitis symptoms is qualitatively similar, which makes the early symptom decay a good proxy for, and predictor of, the disease perspective. Knowing a symptom intensity at just three to four time points suffices for reconstructing its entire time course and total intensity or gravity. This permits an easy and early identification of rhinosinusitis, and its plausible differentiation from acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, disease treatment optimization, and corresponding clinical trials simplification and/or shortening.
Peningkatan Kelarutan Ketokonazol dengan Teknik Dispersi Padat Menggunakan Eudragit® E 100
Authors: Narsa Angga Cipta
Published: June 2017

Ketoconazole is an antifungal azole synthetic which derivatived from imidazole. Ketoconazole is practically insoluble in water and its bioavailability depend on pH condition of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of the research is to increase the solubility of ketoconazole by solid dispersion method using EudragitÂ® E 100, PEG 6000, and glycerol. Solid dispersion was evaluated with respect to solubility, cristalinity, complexation and morphology of solid dispersion. The optimum formulation with the highest solubility was resulted by solid dispersion with ratio ketoconazole - EudragitÂ® E 100 - glycerol of 1:8:0.5. X-ray diffraction test revealed the change of crystalline ketoconazole and similar to EudragitÂ® E 100. This result was also supported by spectrum of infrared and endothermic peak of differential scanning calorimetry. Based on scanning electron microscopy morphology of pure EudragitÂ® E 100 and solid dispersion was similar. Solid dispersion of ketoconazole with EudragitÂ® E 100 and glycerol improved solubilty.

Keywords : ketoconazole, solid dispersion, EudragitÂ® E 100

 

ABSTRAK

Ketokonazol merupakan zat antijamur sintetik golongan azol yang merupakan turunan imidazol.Ketokonazol praktis tidak larut dalam air dan ketersediaan hayati melalui rute oral sangat beragam tergantung dari kondisi pH saluran pencernaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan ketokonazol dengan cara pembuatan dispersi padat mengunakan EudragitÂ® E 100, PEG 6000, serta gliserol. Dispersi padat di evaluasi dengan uji kelarutan jenuh, kristalinitas, kompleksasi, dan morfologinya.Formula optimal dengan peningkatan kelarutan tertinggi dihasilkan oleh perbandingan dispersi padat ketokonazol - EudragitÂ® E 100 - gliserol 1:8:0,5. Pengujian difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan adanya perubahan kristalinitas ketokonazol yaitu sama seperti EudragitÂ® E 100.Hasil ini juga didukung oleh hasil pengujian spetkrofotometer infra merah dan puncak endotermik differential scanning calorimetry.Berdasarkan hasil scanning electrom microscopyterlihat morfologi dari EudragitÂ® E 100 murni dan dispersi padatnya yang hampir sama..Pembentukan dispersi padat ketokonazol dengan EudragitÂ® E 100 dan gliserol dapat meningkatkan kelarutan.

Kata Kunci : ketokonazol, dispersi padat, EudragitÂ® E 100
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bawang Tiwai terhadap Hispatologi Ginjal Mencit
Authors: Sastyarina Yurika
Published: June 2017

The ethanolic extract from the bulb of Eleutherine americana was investigated for subacute toxicity in Balb/C male mice. The parameter used on this research is kidney histophatological. During subacute toxicity study, bulb plant (0.52, 0,26 and 5.2 mg/kg b.wt) p.o. once daily for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed on the 30th day and the kidney were processed for histophatological. The result of descriptive observation histophatological in kidney shows there is inflammation in glomerulus with 2.6 mg/kg b.wt and 5.2 mg/kg b.wt dosage. There is oedem in tubulus for dosage given in In tubulus 0.52, 0,26 and 5.2 mg/kg b.wt

Keyword : bulb, Eleutherine americana, histophatological, kidney, mice

 

ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukan penelitian toksisitas subakut pada ekstrak etanol umbi bawang tiwai  (Eleutherine americana (Aubl.). Merr) dari mencit jantan. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hispatologi ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran hispatologi dari ginjal yang telah diberi ekstrak etanol bawang tiwai dengan dosis 0,52 mg/kgBB, 2,6 mg/kgBB, dan 5,2 mg/kgBB pada uji toksisitas subakut dengan pemberian berulang setiap hari sekali selama 30 hari. Hasil pengamatan deskriptif hispatologi terhadap ginjal menunjukkan bahwa  pada dosis 0,52 mg/kgBB terjadi inflamasi pada glomerulus dan pada dosis 2,6 mg/kgBB, dan 5,2 mg/kgBB terjadi perdarahan. Sedangkan pada dosis 0,52 mg/kgBB, 2,6 mg/kgBB, dan 5,2 mg/kgBB pada tubulus terjadi oedem. 

Kata Kunci : Umbi, Eleutherine Americana, hispatologi, ginjal, mencit.
Karakteristik dan Stabilitas Sediaan Gel Mulut Berbahan Aktif Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam Berbasis Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Authors: Prasetya Fajar
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to obtain mouth gel formula â€‹â€‹from extract of black betel leaves which effectively kill microbes that cause inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and tooth decay (caries). The mouth gel formulation â€‹â€‹from black betel leaves extract has been made by various concentrate of Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose (HEC) as a mucoadhesive polymer. The optimized mouth gel base determine by evaluation the physical which includes organoleptic, viscosity, pH, the spreadability, and consistency after 16 days storage. The evaluation test was done with pH 7.21 (which lowest) - 7.78 (the highest). The spreadability after 16 days storage of 50 grams for formula 1, formula 2, formula 3 each is 11.33 cm, 5.60 cm, and 4.70 cm. The consistency of the mouth gel formulation â€‹â€‹from black betel leaves extract on formula 1, formula 2, and formula 3 are no changes occurred up to 16 days of storage. The viscosity obtained after 16 days of storage for formula 1, formula 2, and formula 3 respectively are 4.30 dpas, 37 dpas, and 80 dpas. The result showed that formula 2 has better formulation.

Keywords: antimicrobials ,mouth gel, black betel, gingivitis, cavities

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formula gel mulut dari ekstrak daun sirih hitam yang secara efektif membunuh mikroba yang menyebabkan peradangan pada gusi (gingivitis) dan kerusakan gigi (karies). Formulasi gel mulut dari hitam sirih ekstrak daun telah dibuat oleh berbagai konsentrasi Hidroksi Etil Selulosa (HEC) sebagai polimer mukoadhesif. Dioptimalkan basis gel mulut menentukan dengan evaluasi fisik yang meliputi organoleptik, viskositas, pH, spreadability, dan konsistensi setelah 16 hari penyimpanan. Tes evaluasi dilakukan dengan pH 7.21 (yang terendah) - 7.78 (tertinggi). The spreadability setelah 16 hari penyimpanan 50 gram untuk formula 1, rumus 2, rumus 3 masing-masing adalah 11,33 cm, 5,60 cm, dan 4,70 cm. Konsistensi formulasi gel mulut dari daun sirih hitam ekstrak formula 1, rumus 2, dan 3 rumus ada perubahan terjadi hingga 16 hari penyimpanan. Viskositas diperoleh setelah 16 hari penyimpanan untuk formula 1, rumus 2, dan 3 masing-masing adalah rumus 4.30 dpas, 37 dpas, dan 80 dpas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula 2 memiliki formulasi yang lebih baik.

Kata kunci: antimkroba , gel mulut, sirih hitam, gingivitis, cavities
Aktivitas Gel Mulut Berbahan Aktif Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam Kalimantan sebagai Antimikroba Penyebab Radang Gusi (Gingivitis) dan Gigi Berlubang (Caries)
Authors: Prasetya Fajar , Narsa Angga Cipta
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to test the activity of active ingredient mouth gel preparation of kalimantan black piper betle leaf extract with the main base of Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose namely (HEC) as a mucoadhesive polymer that is able to increase the attractive forces between the active material with a layer of mucus that will extend the contact time with the active ingredient tissue targets, moreover would be increase the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity causes inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and tooth decay (caries). Activities that have been implemented are mouth gel activity assays with Kalimantan black piper betle leaf extract as in- vitro using the agar diffusion method pitting. In testing with active oral gel preparation of black piper betle leaf extract with the main base of Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose namely (HEC) as in vitro, it can be seen that the sample may provide the inhibitory effect of the fungus Candida albicans and the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the presence of a clear zone indicated on the medium. Furthermore, at this stage of the dilution of the gel in twice causing decline in the effectiveness of the inhibition of both the fungus Candida albicans and the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. The results of in- vitro testing without dilution is 19.8 mm in bacteria Streptococcus mutans and 34.4 mm in the fungus Candida albicans.

Keywords: antimicrobial, oral gel, black piper betle, gingivitis , cavities

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas sediaan gel mulut berbahan aktif ekstrak daun sirih hitam Kalimantan dengan basis utama yakni Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose (HEC) sebagai mucoadhesive polymer yang mampu meningkatkan gaya tarik menarik antara bahan aktif dengan lapisan mukus sehingga akan memperpanjang waktu kontak bahan aktif dengan jaringan target, selanjutnya akan meningkatkan efektivitas aktivitas antimikroba penyebab radang gusi (gingivitis) dan gigi berlubang (caries). Kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan adalah pengujian aktivitas gel mulut berbahan aktif ekstrak daun sirih hitam Kalimantan secara in vitro dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar teknik sumuran. Pada pengujian sediaan gel mulut berbahan aktif ekstrak daun sirih hitam Kalimantan dengan basis utama yakni Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose (HEC) secara in vitro,  dapat diketahui bahwa sampel dapat memberikan efek penghambatan jamur Candida albicans dan bakteri Streptococcus mutans dengan ditunjukkan adanya zona bening pada agar. Namun pada tahap dua kali pengenceran terhadap gel terjadi penurunan efektivitas kerja penghambatan baik pada jamur Candida albicans maupun pada bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Hasil pengujian in-vitro tanpa pengenceran adalah 19.8 mm pada bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan 34.4 mm jamur Candida albicans.

Kata kunci: antimkroba, gel mulut, sirih hitam, radang gusi, gigi berlubang
NGhiên cứu thiết lập phương pháp cơ bản đánh giá rủi ro lũ lụt ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
Authors: Văn Cấn Thu , Sơn Nguyễn Thanh
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Nghiên cứu mô phỏng thủy văn, thủy lực vùng đồng bằng sông Cửu Long để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của hệ thống đê bao đến sự thay đổi dòng chảy mặt vùng Đồng Tháp Mười
Authors: Văn Cấn Thu , Sơn Nguyễn Thanh
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Editorial v32n55
Authors: González-Campo Carlos Hernan
Published: June 2017

Cuadernos de Administración de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Administración de la Universidad del Valle, es una revista científica publicada desde 1976 en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. En estos 40 años de publicación se ha realizado un gran esfuerzo por tratar de divulgar los resultados de investigaciones científicas, revisiones y reflexiones de científicos reconocidos, en algunos casos de carácter internacional, promoviendo la participación y el trabajo colaborativo, que ha producido relaciones entre académicos de distintas partes del mundo.
Propuesta de un modelo de medición de la calidad y su impacto sobre la riqueza
Authors: Pérez-Bonfante Luis Alberto
Published: June 2017

La calidad, de acuerdo con sus implementaciones y publicaciones, se ha convertido en una herramienta para el mejoramiento empresarial. En la misma vía, el valor económico agregado [economic value added, por sus siglas en inglés (EVA)] se ha venido constituyendo en un potente mecanismo para la gestión y exposición de sus resultados económicos. La propuesta que se presenta en este artículo hace una combinación de indicadores para medir la gestión de la Calidad Efectiva Operacional (CEO) y su articulación con EVA, contribuyendo así al desarrollo de la riqueza de los dueños de la empresa, característica del modelo neoliberal. El artículo se ha estructurado a través de tres apartados. En el primero, se exponen los elementos de orden conceptual respecto a la calidad y la gestión del EVA; en el segundo, se describe el modelo para la medición de la Calidad Efectiva Operacional, junto a su implementación; finalmente, se formula una serie de conclusiones que impulsan a seguir investigando las temáticas y su articulación, en aras de aportar hacia la construcción de organizaciones más competitivas.
La contabilidad como un juego de lenguaje
Authors: Rincón Carlos Augusto
Published: June 2017

Este artículo conceptualiza la contabilidad como un juego de lenguaje, para precisar su sentido. Lenguaje porque comprende en su finalidad  la comunicación sobre un fenómeno económico, en el que se especializa, instituyendo herramientas para describirlo;  basado en las necesidades, intereses e intenciones de unos usuarios. Ostenta de manera analógica todos los elementos del lenguaje: emisor, receptor, mensaje, contexto,  código, canal, barreras y fallas. Y juego, porque recrea un escenario propio de reglas semióticas, semánticas, sintácticas y pragmáticas, para la elaboración de la información, que influyen en los comportamientos de los actores contables, según su posición de emisor o receptor. La contabilidad como lenguaje es una manera compleja de ver la comprensión de su “ser”, que tiene directa relación con su quehacer; pero el detalle de su hacer, no define su ser. La observación del sentido contable como juego y lenguaje, se realiza con el método fenomenológico-hermenéutico, para acceder a una comprensión ontológica de ¿qué es la contabilidad?
Development of a general crowdsourcing maturity model
Authors: Durango-Yepes Carlos Mario , Gil-Vera Víctor Daniel
Published: June 2017

The article presents a general model of crowdsourcing maturity (MGMC), focused on measuring the maturity of managerial, behavioral and technological aspects that support the activities of crowdsourcing in organizations. As methodology, it was used a systematic literature review, taking into account the low number of research publications and the low number of literature reviews prescribing practices of Crowdsourcing Maturity Models. It has been developed an assessment tool that accompanies this model to facilitate practical applications. The results of this study indicate that the maturity model developed can serve as a useful tool to describe and guide the efforts to implement such concept, providing a clear description of the current situation, and guidelines to follow. To assess its validity and improve generalization, future research can apply the Crowdsourcing Maturity Model proposal to different contexts
Editorial
Authors: González-Campo Carlos Hernán
Published: June 2017

La revista Cuadernos de Administración, es una publicación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Administración de la Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, que de manera continua se ha publicado desde el año 1976. Lo anterior, es un motivo de orgullo institucional, contar con una publicación que hace 40 años se ha dedicado a la divulgación del trabajo intelectual de los autores, para que como medio llegue a un número cada vez más creciente de lectores en el área de la administración y áreas afines.En el año 2017 Cuadernos de Administración tendrá una transformación que nos prepara para la siguiente etapa editorial, que básicamente busca una mayor difusión e impacto del contenido de cada uno de los artículos publicados. Dentro de los cambios está ampliar el volumen a 3 números por año, el paso a revista totalmente electrónica y el cambio de idioma principal a inglés. Todo lo anterior, se espera nos permita llegar a indexarla en las principales bases de datos electrónicas con impacto a nivel mundial en el área de la administración.
Impacto de la gestión de riesgos sobre la eficiencia bancaria en costos, un caso aplicado a los bancos en Colombia
Authors: Gómez Daza Jesús , Rios Saavedra Omar Alexander
Published: June 2017

Esta investigación cuantifica la escala eficiencia técnica y la eficiencia en costos de los establecimientos de crédito colombianos, sobre todo los bancos comerciales. Esta medición se hace a través de la técnica no paramétrica DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). En una segunda etapa se encuentran los determinantes de los niveles de eficiencia a través de una regresión truncada (regresión de TOBIT). La principal evidencia encontrada muestra que entre los años 2001 y 2012 los bancos comerciales colombianos han aumentado de manera generalizada sus niveles de eficiencia técnica. El resultado más relevante de la segunda etapa permite concluir que las variables que tienen relación con la gestión de riesgos financieros se constituyen en determinantes significativos en los aumentos de eficiencia de los bancos en Colombia, especialmente variables relacionadas con la adecuación de capital (Pilar I) y otras variables involucradas en la gestión de riesgos de mercado, liquidez y operativo (Pilar II) de los acuerdos de Basilea II.
Competencias en la cadena de suministro del sector logístico en Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors: Cabeza de Vergara Leonor Sofía , Lombana Coy Jahir , Muñoz Santiago Alberto Elías
Published: June 2017

Los estudios de competencias en la cadena de suministro del sector logístico son limitados en cantidad y sus orientaciones se dan hacia revisiones de los eslabones. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar en los eslabones y en la cadena las competencias requeridas por los cargos en el sector logístico. Por medio de una encuesta en las empresas del sector logístico en Barranquilla, Colombia, se logró obtener la información sobre 12 competencias genéricas y 12 específicas en los eslabones y la cadena de acuerdo con las áreas administrativas y operativas. Con este instrumento se logró identificar las competencias más y menos recurrentes de acuerdo con las percepciones del grupo de interés en cuestión. Se encontró que de las 24 competencias hay ocho relevantes (que se encuentran como mínimo en el 50% de la cadena y eslabón). Para las genéricas son seis: la capacidad de trabajo en equipo; la capacidad para organizar y planificar el tiempo; capacidad para tomar decisiones y compromiso con la tarea asignada; compromiso ético y habilidad en el uso de las tecnologías de información y de la comunicación. Las competencias específicas más requeridas del sector son dos: conocimiento en transporte de mercancía y enfoque al cliente (incluye: asesorar clientes en trámites de exportación, importación y manejo de mercancías). Además, dependiendo del quehacer de cada eslabón se le adicionan otras competencias requeridas para su desempeño. Finalmente, se encontró que la demanda del sector se orienta más a los cargos operacionales que a los administrativos.
HATE CRIMES DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERBANDINGAN HUKUM
Authors: Wulandari Widati
Published: June 2017

This article discusses the deficiency of the Indonesian criminal law with regard to the criminalization of hate crimes. Taking into consideration the fact that Indonesia faces a high incidence of social conflict due to rising intolerance and discrimination targeting minority groups.  The combination of (racial-ethnic-religious) discrimination and hatred against minority groups in most cases results in various forms of common crimes which generally is known as hate crimes. Using a comparative law method, by and between Indonesian criminal law and the criminal law of other countries experiencing hate crimes, the author highlights options for eradicating hate crimes. One important finding is the tendency of a number of countries to perceive hatred or prejudice which motivate the perpetrator of hate crimes as aggravating factor and not to as as separate substantive offence.
POSISI, TANTANGAN, DAN PROSPEK BAGI INDONESIA DALAM SISTEM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WTO
Authors: F. D. Sitanggang Dyan
Published: June 2017

The World Trade Organization (WTO) as the sole universal organization managing global trade between member-states has develop a dispute settlement mechanism to deal with disagreement related to the interpretation and/or implementation of reciprocal rights and duties in the economic field. However, the effectiveness of this system hinges on compliance of states to decisions reached.  Compliance in its turn are influenced by how parties to a dispute value the justness or equity of the final settlement.  This paper discusses WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) and how Indonesia perceived and utilizes this forum to further its national interest.
Combustion-Derived Nanoparticles in Key Brain Target Cells and Organelles in Young Urbanites: Culprit Hidden in Plain Sight in Alzheimer’s Disease Development
Authors: González-Maciel Angélica , Reynoso-Robles Rafael , Torres-Jardón Ricardo , Mukherjee Partha S. , Calderón-Garcidueñas Lilian
Published: June 2017

Millions of children and young adults are exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone, associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Mexico City (MC) children exhibit systemic and brain inflammation, low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42, breakdown of nasal, olfactory, alveolar-capillary, duodenal, and blood-brain barriers, volumetric and metabolic brain changes, attention and short-term memory deficits, and hallmarks of AD and Parkinson’s disease. Airborne iron-rich strongly magnetic combustion-derived nanoparticles (CDNPs) are present in young urbanites’ brains. Using transmission electron microscopy, we documented CDNPs in neurons, glia, choroid plexus, and neurovascular units of young MC residents versus matched clean air controls. CDNPs are associated with pathology in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs), axons,and dendrites. There is a significant difference in size and numbers between spherical CDNPs (>85%) and the angular, euhedral endogenous NPs (<15%). Spherical CDNPs (dogs 21.2±7.1 nm in diameter versus humans 29.1±11.2 nm, p = 0.002) are present in neurons, glia, choroid plexus, endothelium, nasal and olfactory epithelium, and in CSF at significantly higher in numbers in MC residents ( p < 0.0001). Degenerated MERCs, abnormal mitochondria, and dilated ER are widespread, and CDNPs in close contact with neurofilaments, glial fibers, and chromatin are a potential source for altered microtubule dynamics, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation and aggregation of unfolded proteins, abnormal endosomal systems, altered insulin signaling, calcium homeostasis, apoptotic signaling, autophagy, and epigenetic changes. Highly oxidative, ubiquitous CDNPs constitute a novel path into AD pathogenesis. Exposed children and young adults need early neuroprotection and multidisciplinary prevention efforts to modify the course of AD at early stages.
Retrograde Amnesia for Episodic and Semantic Memories in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: De Simone Maria Stefania , Fadda Lucia , Perri Roberta , De Tollis Massimo , Aloisi Marta , Caltagirone Carlo , Carlesimo Giovanni Augusto
Published: June 2017

Retrograde amnesia (RA), which includes loss of memory for past personal events (autobiographical RA) and for acquired knowledge (semantic RA), has been largely documented in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, previous studies have produced controversial results particularly concerning the temporal extent of memory impairment. Here we investigated whether, with the onset of hippocampal pathology, age of memory acquisition and retrieval frequency play different roles in modulating the progressive loss of semantic and episodic contents of retrograde memory respectively. For this purpose, aMCI patients and healthy controls were tested for the ability to recall semantic and autobiographical information related to famous public events as a function of both age of acquisition and retrieval frequency. In aMCI patients, we found that the impairment in recollecting past personal incidents was modulated by the combined action of memory age and retrieval frequency, because older and more frequently retrieved episodes are less susceptible to loss than more recent and less frequently retrieved ones. On the other side, we found that the loss of semantic information depended only on memory age, because the remoteness of the trace allows for better preservation of the memory. Our results provide evidence that the loss of the two components of retrograde memory is regulated by different mechanisms. This supports the view that diverse neural mechanisms are involved in episodic and semantic memory trace storage and retrieval, as postulated by the Multiple Trace Theory.
Risk for Complications after Pacemaker or Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantations in Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: Sochala Maximilien , Wahbi Karim , Sorbets Emmanuel , Lazarus Arnaud , Bécane Henri-Marc , Stojkovic Tanya , Fayssoil Abdallah , Laforêt Pascal , Béhin Anthony , Sroussi Marjorie , Eymard Bruno , Duboc Denis , Meune Christophe
Published: June 2017

Background:

Pacemakers (PM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) may be indicated for sudden death prevention in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), however the risk of complications after the placement of these devices is unknown.

Objective:

To compare the rate of device-related complications between PM and ICD implantations in patients with DM1.

Methods:

Among 914 patients with DM1 included in the DM1 Heart Registry between January 2000 and January 2010, we retrospectively selected 23 patients who were implanted with an ICD and matched them to 46 controls with a PM on age, gender, and year of device placement.

Results:

Over a 6 years follow-up period, we observed device-related complications in 9 ICD recipients (inappropriate shocks in 5, lead dysfunction in 5, infection in 2) and in 3 PM recipients (lead dysfunction in 3). Patients with an ICD had, compared to those with a PM, higher rates of complications (39.1% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.0006) and more frequent complications requiring hospitalisation and/or re-intervention (respectively 30.4% and 21.7% vs. 0%).

Conclusion:

Our study shows a higher risk of device-related complications after the implantation of an ICD than for a PM in patients presenting with DM1.
Brine shrimp lethality assay
Authors: Sarah Quazi Sahely , Anny Fatema Chowdhury , Misbahuddin Mir
Published: June 2017

Brine shrimp lethality assay is an important tool for the preliminary cytotoxicity assay of plant extract and others based on the ability to kill a laboratory cultured larvae (nauplii). The nauplii were exposed to different concentrations of plant extract for 24 hours. The number of motile nauplii was calculated for the effectiveness of the extract. It is a simple, cost effective and requires small amount of test material.Video Clip of Methodology:Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay: 4 min 9 sec   Full Screen   Alternate
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Cold Plasma Plume Mixing with Blood Using Level Set Method Coupled with Heat Transfer
Authors: Shahmohammadi Beni Mehrdad , Yu Kwan Ngok
Published: June 2017

Cold plasmas were proposed for treatment of leukemia. In the present work, conceptual designs of mixing chambers that increased the contact between the two fluids (plasma and blood) through addition of obstacles within rectangular-block-shaped chambers were proposed and the dynamic mixing between the plasma and blood were studied using the level set method coupled with heat transfer. Enhancement of mixing between blood and plasma in the presence of obstacles was demonstrated. Continuous tracking of fluid mixing with determination of temperature distributions was enabled by the present model, which would be a useful tool for future development of cold plasma devices for treatment of blood-related diseases such as leukemia.
Cycling Segments Multimodal Analysis and Classification Using Neural Networks
Authors: Procházka Aleš , Vaseghi Saeed , Charvátová Hana , Ťupa Ondřej , Vyšata Oldřich
Published: June 2017

This paper presents methodology for the processing of GPS and heart rate signals acquired during long-term physical activities. The data analysed include geo-positioning and heart rate multichannel signals recorded for 272.2 h of cycling across the Andes mountains over a 5694-km long expedition. The proposed computational methods include multimodal data de-noising, visualization, and analysis in order to determine specific biomedical features. The results include the correspondence between the heart rate and slope for downhill and uphill cycling and the mean heart rate evolution on flat segments: a regression coefficient of - 0 . 014 bpm/h related to time and 6 . 3 bpm/km related to altitude. The classification accuracy of selected cycling features by neural networks, support vector machine, and k-nearest neighbours methods is between 91.3% and 98.6%. The proposed methods allow the analysis of data during physical activities, enabling an efficient human–machine interaction.
Solution Strategies for Linear Inverse Problems in Spatial Audio Signal Processing
Authors: Bai Mingsian , Chung Chun , Wu Po-Chen , Chiang Yi-Hao , Yang Chun-May
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to compare algorithms for solving inverse problems generally encountered in spatial audio signal processing. Tikhonov regularization is typically utilized to solve overdetermined linear systems in which the regularization parameter is selected by the golden section search (GSS) algorithm. For underdetermined problems with sparse solutions, several iterative compressive sampling (CS) methods are suggested as alternatives to traditional convex optimization (CVX) methods that are computationally expensive. The focal underdetermined system solver (FOCUSS), the steepest descent (SD) method, Newton’s (NT) method, and the conjugate gradient (CG) method were developed to solve CS problems more efficiently in this study. These algorithms were compared in terms of problems, including source localization and separation, noise source identification, and analysis and synthesis of sound fields, by using a uniform linear array (ULA), a uniform circular array (UCA), and a random array. The derived results are discussed herein and guidelines for the application of these algorithms are summarized.
Comparison of Sensible Heat Fluxes Measured by a Large Aperture Scintillometer and Eddy Covariance System over a Heterogeneous Farmland in East China
Authors: Li Xin , Gao Zhiqiu , Li Yubin , Tong Bing
Published: June 2017

The sensible heat is an important component in surface energy partitioning over the land surface. This paper compared the sensible heat fluxes measured by a large aperture scintillometer system (LAS) and an eddy covariance system (EC) over a rice paddy with a patch of mulberry seedlings in the east China coastal region during the period from 13 September–11 October 2015. During the observation period, easterlies and northerlies prevailed, and 96% easterlies and northerlies had a speed of 0–6 m s−1. The sensible heat fluxes measured by the two systems reflected that the value of HLAS generally was inclined to be larger than HEC with the average difference of 20.30 W m−2, and the uncertainty for two instruments was less than 17 W m−2. Analysis of the average footprint resulted that the mulberry seedling field always had a higher contribution to LAS than that to EC, which could be the reason that HLAS was always larger than HEC. During the days when the contributions of the mulberry seedling field to the two systems were close to each other, the sensible heat flux measurements of the two instruments were similar. The case analysis on typical sunny days showed that there would be larger sensible heat fluxes over the mulberry seedling field than in the rice paddy field especially under larger net radiation conditions.