bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of inadequate dietary diversity among pregnant women in four Sub-Saharan Africa countries: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys from 2021 to 2022
Authors: Zegeye Alebachew Ferede , Mekonen Enyew Getaneh , Tamir Tadesse Tarik , Workneh Belayneh Shetie
Published: September 2024

Background

Diversity in the mother’s diet can have major effects on the developing fetus throughout pregnancy. Approximately 1 million neonates die on their first day of life as a result of inadequate nutrition, which also complicates the mother’s pregnancy and has a negative impact on the delivery outcome. Dietary diversity during pregnancy is poorly recognized in developing countries, despite the fact that it is detrimental. As a result, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of inadequate dietary diversity in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania among pregnant women.

Methods

Secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys, which included four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa between 2021 and 2022. A total of 80,083 pregnant women were included in this study. The women’s dietary diversity was computed from 10 food categories. Based on the minimum diversity score, women were categorized as having inadequate dietary diversity if their diversity score was less than five food items and as having adequate dietary diversity if they took five or more food groups. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with inadequate dietary diversity. At p-values <0.05, significant factors correlated with inadequate diversity were identified. The result was interpreted using 95%CI and adjusted odds ratio. The best-fit model was determined to be the one with the lowest deviance and highest loglikelihood ratio.

Results

The prevalence of inadequate dietary diversity among pregnant women in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania was 94.46%. Factors such as no formal education (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: 2.54, 4.54), distance to health facilities (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.60), poor wealth quantiles (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 2.41, 3.65), no media exposure (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.35), low community ANC utilization (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.60), and reside Burkina Faso (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.99) were among the factors associated with inadequate dietary diversity.

Conclusion

According to this study finding, pregnant women had a high percentage of inadequate dietary diversity. Factors at the individual and community levels contributed to the lack of diversity in nutrition. Thus, when developing policies and strategies, the health ministries of Burkina Faso, Kenya, Ghana, and Tanzania should to consider the women who underutilize antenatal care services, live in low wealth quantiles and who did not get formal education.
Exploring the J-shaped relationship between HALP score and mortality in cancer patients: A NHANES 1999-2018 cohort study
Authors: Dong Jiaxing , Jiang Wanju , Zhang Wenjia , Guo Taohua , Yang Yucheng , Jiang Xiaohua , Zheng Liang , Du Tao
Published: September 2024

Background

The recent hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) scores, combined with various clinically available indicators, can comprehensively evaluate the nutritional and immune status of patients. Some observational studies have found a positive correlation between HALP score and cancer prognosis, but the clinical application of HALP score has raised concerns due to the presence of confounding factors. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between HALP score and long-term mortality in cancer patients.

Methods

We extracted 3832 cancer patients with complete baseline information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The COX regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves were used to explore the nonlinear relationship between HALP score and long-term mortality risk in cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve was conducted to evaluate the impact of HALP score on long-term mortality risk. Additionally, subgroup analysis was conducted to verify the stability of the above results.

Results

We divided participants into 4 groups based on HALP score, and the COX regression results showed that risk of long-term mortality tended to be lower in cancer patients with high HALP scores. Meanwhile, the RCS curves showed that there was a nonlinear association. The results remained stable in subgroup analyses and in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cervix and uterus cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer and skin cancer.

Conclusions

HALP score were independently associated with the risk of long-term mortality in cancer patients, and there is also a non-linear association. This will provide new perspectives on clinical and nutritional interventions for cancer patients.
Prevalence of the cancer-associated germline variants in Russian adults and long-living individuals: using the ACMG recommendations and computational interpreters for pathogenicity assessment
Authors: Gusakova Mariia , Dzhumaniiazova Irina , Zelenova Elena , Kashtanova Daria , Ivanov Mikhail , Mamchur Aleksandra , Rumyantseva Antonina , Terekhov Mikhail , Mitrofanov Sergey , Golubnikova Liliya , Akinshina Aleksandra , Grammatikati Konstantin , Kalashnikova Irina , Yudin Vladimir , Makarov Valentin , Keskinov Anton , Yudin Sergey
Published: September 2024

Background

Population studies are essential for gathering critical disease prevalence data. Automated pathogenicity assessment tools enhance the capacity to interpret and annotate large amounts of genetic data. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of cancer-associated germline variants in Russia using a semiautomated variant interpretation algorithm.

Methods

We examined 74,996 Russian adults (Group 1) and 2,872 long-living individuals aged ≥ 90 years (Group 2) for variants in 28 ACMG-recommended cancer-associated genes in three steps: InterVar annotation; ClinVar interpretation; and a manual review of the prioritized variants based on the available data. Using the data on the place of birth and the region of residence, we determined the geographical distribution of the detected variants and tracked the migration dynamics of their carriers.

Results

We report 175 novel del-VUSs. We detected 232 pathogenic variants, 46 likely pathogenic variants, and 216 del-VUSs in Group 1 and 19 pathogenic variants, 2 likely pathogenic variants, and 16 del-VUSs in Group 2. For each detected variant, we provide a description of its functional significance and geographical distribution.

Conclusion

The present study offers extensive genetic data on the Russian population, critical for future genetic research and improved primary cancer prevention and genetic screening strategies. The proposed hybrid assessment algorithm streamlines variant prioritization and pathogenicity assessment and offers a reliable and verifiable way of identifying variants of uncertain significance that need to be manually reviewed.
UV light and the ocular lens: a review of exposure models and resulting biomolecular changes
Authors: MacFarlane Emily R. , Donaldson Paul J. , Grey Angus C.
Published: September 2024

UV light is known to cause damage to biomolecules in living tissue. Tissues of the eye that play highly specialised roles in forming our sense of sight are uniquely exposed to light of all wavelengths. While these tissues have evolved protective mechanisms to resist damage from UV wavelengths, prolonged exposure is thought to lead to pathological changes. In the lens, UV light exposure is a risk factor for the development of cataract, which is a condition that is characterised by opacity that impairs its function as a focusing element in the eye. Cataract can affect spatially distinct regions of the lens. Age-related nuclear cataract is the most prevalent form of cataract and is strongly associated with oxidative stress and a decrease in the antioxidant capacity of the central lens region. Since UV light can generate reactive oxygen species to induce oxidative stress, its effects on lens structure, transparency, and biochemistry have been extensively investigated in animal models in order to better understand human cataract aetiology. A review of the different light exposure models and the advances in mechanistic understanding gained from these models is presented.
Impact of COVID−19 pandemic on neurodevelopmental outcome in very low birth weight infants: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Hyuna , Jang Yong Hun , Lee Joo Young , Lee Gang Yi , Sung Jae Yong , Kim Mi Jung , Lee Bong Gun , Yang Seung , Kim Jinsoo , Yoon Kyung Seu , Ahn Ja-Hye , Lee Hyun Ju
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Children who have experienced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are at an increased risk of adverse neurologic developmental outcomes. Limited data exist on the environmental influences of during the COVID-19 pandemic on preterm infant development. This study aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 exposure affects the neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm children up to 3 years of age.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included all very low birth weight (VLBW) infants from the Korean Neonatal Network who had undergone a neurodevelopmental assessment between January 2015, and May 2022. The neurodevelopmental outcomes along with the scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) and the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children of pediatric patients aged 18–24 and 33–39 months who were exposed to COVID-19 were compared with those of VLBW children born and tested before the pandemic.

Results

The cohort included 1,683 VLBW infants. The pandemic group had significantly lower language scores on the BSID-III at ages 18–24 months (p = 0.021) and 33–39 months (p = 0.023) than the pre-pandemic group after adjusting for gestational age, morbidity, and environmental factors. At 2nd follow-up period, the pandemic group showed significantly lower scores in the cognitive (p = 0.026) domains with a mean difference of 7 points and had a significantly higher percentage of ≤−1SD in the gross motor domain (p < 0.001) compared with the pre-pandemic group.

Conclusion

Preterm children who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic are at higher risk of abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes in the first 3 years of life than preterm infants born before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Genome assembly of Stephania longa provides insight into cepharanthine biosynthesis
Authors: Shang Huiying , Lu Yuan , Xun Lulu , Wang Kun , Li Bin , Liu Yuxuan , Ma Tao
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Stephania longa, a medicinal plant renowned for producing cepharanthine, has gained significance due to the compound's notable antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. However, a comprehensive genetic understanding of S. longa has been lacking. This study aimed to develop a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly to uncover the genetic intricacies and evolutionary narrative of this species. By integrating genomic data with metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we sought to identify key genes involved in cepharanthine biosynthesis.

Methods

We employed a multi-faceted approach comprising genome assembly, phylogenetic analysis, gene family dynamics investigation, metabolomic profiling, and gene expression analysis across various tissues of S. longa. This integrated strategy enabled the identification of key genes involved in cepharanthine biosynthesis and elucidated the species’ evolutionary history.

Results

Our phylogenetic analysis clarified the placement of the genus Stephania within the Ranunculales order and revealed its notably high mutation rate. We identified gene family expansions and signs of positive selection likely contributing to Stephania’s unique metabolic capabilities. Metabolomic profiling uncovered complex regulatory mechanisms orchestrating the biosynthesis and distribution of cepharanthine and related metabolites. Through the integration of genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data, we identified genes with expression patterns and evolutionary trajectories suggesting pivotal roles in cepharanthine biosynthesis, including those involved in crucial biosynthetic steps.

Discussion

This comprehensive study, integrating genomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic approaches, provides valuable insights into S. longa's biosynthetic potential. It not only enhances our understanding of the species but also establishes a foundation for future investigations into the biosynthesis and therapeutic exploitation of cepharanthine and related alkaloids.
Effects of exogenous calcium additions on the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of various organs and soil nutrients and their internal stability in Pinus tabuliformis
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Yaoyao , Weng Xiaohang , Zhou Yongbin , Huo Yan , Zhang Songzhu , Liu Liying , Pei Jiubo
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Pinus tabuliformis as a crucial afforestation species in semi-arid regions, faces issues such as the reduction of plantations. Calcium plays a significant role in alleviating drought stress and promoting nutrient uptake in plants.

Methods

Utilizing a pot experiment approach, seedlings were treated with exogenous calcium at five concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg•kg-1). The nutrient content of the plants and soil was measured, and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics and internal stability were analyzed. This was followed by a series of related studies.

Results

As the concentration of calcium increases, the contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in various organs and the whole plant exhibit a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, peaking at calcium treatment of 50-100 mg•kg-1. Concurrently, the calcium concentration in plant organs and the entire plant gradually increases with the availability of calcium in the soil. The addition of exogenous calcium has a certain impact on the ecological stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P, N:P) of Pinus tabuliformis seedlings' leaves, stems, roots, and the whole plant, exhibiting distinct variation characteristics. At calcium concentrations of 50-100 mg•kg-1, the ratios of C:N and C:P are relatively lower. Under calcium concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg•kg-1, soil calcium shows a positive correlation with the total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and calcium contents in leaves, stems, roots, and the entire plant. However, at calcium concentrations of 200 and 400 mg•kg-1, soil calcium exhibits a significant positive correlation with the calcium content in leaves, stems, roots, and the entire plant, and a significant negative correlation with the total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium contents. After the addition of exogenous calcium at different concentrations, most stoichiometric indices of various organs of Pinus tabuliformis seedlings demonstrate strong balance.

Discussion

Calcium, as an essential structural component and second messenger, regulates the nutrient uptake and utilization in plants, influencing the stoichiometry. However, both low and high concentrations of calcium can be detrimental to plant growth by disrupting nutrient metabolism and internal structures. Consequently, there exists an optimal calcium concentration for nutrient absorption.
Insect frass fertilizer as a regenerative input for improved biological nitrogen fixation and sustainable bush bean production
Authors: Chepkorir Agnes , Beesigamukama Dennis , Gitari Harun I. , Chia Shaphan Y. , Subramanian Sevgan , Ekesi Sunday , Abucheli Birachi Eliud , Rubyogo Jean Claude , Zahariadis Theodore , Athanasiou Gina , Zachariadi Aikaterini , Zachariadis Vasileios , Tenkouano Abdou , Tanga Chrysantus M.
Published: September 2024

Bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production is undermined by soil degradation and low biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) capacity. This study evaluated the effect of black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) on bush bean growth, yield, nutrient uptake, BNF, and profitability, in comparison with commercial organic fertilizer (Phymyx, Phytomedia International Ltd., Kiambu, Kenya), synthetic fertilizer (NPK), and rhizobia inoculant (Biofix, MEA Fertilizers, Nairobi, Kenya). The organic fertilizers were applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg N ha−1 while the NPK was applied at 40 kg N ha−1, 46 kg P ha−1, and 60 kg K ha−1. The fertilizers were applied singly and in combination with rhizobia inoculant to determine the interactive effects on bush bean production. Results showed that beans grown using BSFFF were the tallest, with the broadest leaves, and the highest chlorophyll content. Plots treated with 45 kg N ha−1 BSFFF produced beans with more flowers (7 – 8%), pods (4 – 9%), and seeds (9 – 11%) compared to Phymyx and NPK treatments. The same treatment also produced beans with 6, 8, and 18% higher 100-seed weight, compared to NPK, Phymyx, and control treatments, respectively. Beans grown in soil amended with 30 kg N ha−1 of BSFFF had 3–14-fold higher effective root nodules, fixed 48%, 31%, and 91% more N compared to Phymyx, NPK, and rhizobia, respectively, and boosted N uptake (19 – 39%) compared to Phymyx and NPK treatments. Application of 45 kg N ha−1 of BSFFF increased bean seed yield by 43%, 72%, and 67% compared to the control, NPK and equivalent rate of Phymyx, respectively. The net income and gross margin achieved using BSFFF treatments were 73 – 239% and 118 – 184% higher than the values obtained under Phymyx treatments. Our findings demonstrate the high efficacy of BSFFF as a novel soil input and sustainable alternative for boosting BNF and improving bush bean productivity.
An integration of genome-wide survey, homologous comparison and gene expression analysis provides a basic framework for the ZRT, IRT-like protein (ZIP) in foxtail millet
Authors: Zheng Jie , Ma Yunxiao , Liang Yu , Zhang Tianhan , Chen Chang , Amo Aduragbemi , Wang Wenyu , Ma Fangfang , Han Yuanhuai , Li Hongying , Hou Siyu , Yang Yang
Published: September 2024

Essential mineral elements such as zinc and iron play a crucial role in maintaining crop growth and development, as well as ensuring human health. Foxtail millet is an ancient food crop rich in mineral elements and constitutes an important dietary supplement for nutrient-deficient populations. The ZIP (ZRT, IRT-like protein) transporters are primarily responsible for the absorption, transportation and accumulation of Zn, Fe and other metal ions in plants. Here, we identified 14 ZIP transporters in foxtail millet (SiZIP) and systematically characterized their phylogenetic relationships, expression characteristics, sequence variations, and responses to various abiotic stresses. As a result, SiZIPs display rich spatiotemporal expression characteristics in foxtail millet. Multiple SiZIPs demonstrated significant responses to Fe, Cd, Na, and K metal ions, as well as drought and cold stresses. Based on homologous comparisons, expression characteristics and previous studies, the functions of SiZIPs were predicted as being classified into several categories: absorption/efflux, transport/distribution and accumulation of metal ions. Simultaneously, a schematic diagram of SiZIP was drawn. In general, SiZIPs have diverse functions and extensively involve in the transport of metal ions and osmotic regulation under abiotic stresses. This work provides a fundamental framework for the transport and accumulation of mineral elements and will facilitate the quality improvement of foxtail millet.
Exploring the outcomes of psychotherapy sessions: how do therapists' responsiveness and emotional responses to patients with personality disorders affect the depth of elaboration?
Authors: Fiorentino Flavia , Gualco Ivan , Carcione Antonino , Lingiardi Vittorio , Tanzilli Annalisa
Published: September 2024

Background

The impact of depth of elaboration in individual psychotherapy sessions on overall treatment effectiveness was found in the empirical literature. In the best sessions, relevant content is processed with greater depth; in contrast, in the shallower sessions, the emerging content is more superficial. Evidence suggests that achieving a high level of depth is closely related to specific therapist characteristics and relational dimensions (including clinicians' emotional responses to patients). The present study aimed to (a) compare therapist responsiveness and countertransference patterns in psychotherapy sessions with different levels of depth of elaboration; and (b) examine if the positive countertransference pattern mediated the relationship between therapist responsiveness and depth of elaboration.

Methods

Eighty-four clinicians were asked to select one patient with personality disorders in their care and complete the Depth Scale of the Session Evaluation Questionnaire, the Patient's Experience of Attunement and Responsiveness Scale, and the Therapist Response Questionnaire concerning one of their sessions.

Results

The results showed that sessions with higher levels of depth of elaboration were characterized by greater therapist responsiveness and more positive countertransference. Conversely, poor therapist responsiveness and hostile/angry, disengaged, and helpless/inadequate countertransference responses were found in shallower sessions. Moreover, positive countertransference mediated the relationship between therapist responsiveness and depth of elaboration.

Conclusion

This study sought to shed light on the processes underlying the outcomes of psychotherapeutic sessions, highlighting the strong impact of relational factors. Advancing knowledge of these mechanisms seems crucial to identifying the active ingredients of the therapeutic process and understanding what (does not) promote successful outcomes.
Job satisfaction and psychological factors influence the caring behavior in nurses in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Xiao , Xue Juan , Zhang Aidi , Luo Yaoyue , Chen Ouying , Liu Caixia , Zhang Jie , Wu Meirong
Published: September 2024

Objective

Identifying the status of caring behavior and its influencing factors in nurses is crucial for improving the quality of care for patients. However, there is a lack of studies on this in Sierra Leone. This study explored the status of caring behavior and associated factors in nurses working in Sierra Leone.

Study design

A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted from October 3 to December 15, 2022, with clinical nurses recruited through convenience sampling.

Methods

The participants included 360 nurses from various nursing departments from 12 hospitals in Sierra Leone. Measurements included a general information questionnaire, the Caring Behavior Inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale and Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance and independent-sample t-tests, Pearson’s correlation analyses, and multiple regression analyses were performed.

Results

Caring behavior score was 128.97 (SD 11.967); it significantly and positively correlated with job satisfaction and resilience and negatively correlated with anxiety. Linear regression analysis showed that resilience, job satisfaction, anxiety, daily working time, and position were the main predictors of caring behavior.

Conclusion

The level of caring behavior in nurses in Sierra Leone was moderate. Resilience and job satisfaction significantly and positively predicted nurses’ caring behavior. Anxiety, daily working time, and position are important factors of caring behaviors.

Implications for practice

It is suggested to create a conducive working environment, reduce the excessive workload of nurses, enhance their positive psychological state, and their job satisfaction by providing recognition and rewards to improve the level of nurses’ caring behavior.
Reduction of peripersonal comfort space correlate with eating disorder symptoms in young adolescents: a network analysis approach
Authors: Pereira Da Silva Beatriz , Escelsior Andrea , Biggio Monica , Zizzi Alessio , Belvederi Murri Martino , Guglielmo Riccardo , Inuggi Alberto , Delfante Federico , Marenco Giacomo , Amore Mario , Serafini Gianluca
Published: September 2024

Background

Peripersonal Space (PS) is represented as the immediate area surrounding an individual. The extent of PS changes in relation to several factors, including emotional states, type of relationship or psychopathology. Attachment anxiety has an impact on the social adaptability of peripersonal space and anxiety and fear are associated with an expansion of peripersonal space, possibly serving as a mechanism of self-protection. Peripersonal space appears to be intricately linked to various psychiatric conditions like anxiety disorders and converging evidence suggests that social maladjustment may predict or exacerbate eating disorder symptoms expression.

Methods

Fifty-eight healthy adolescents (38F, 20M) performed a comfort distance estimation task to assess peripersonal space. The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) was used to assess sensory profiles and the SAFA protocol to investigate psychopathological aspects. Data was analysed using Network Analysis, estimating a Gaussian Graphical Models with a Bayesian approach.

Results

We found that the task related to comfort estimation distance demonstrated a correlation with the visual scale of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Additionally, a correlation was observed with the Eating Disorder scale of the SAFA protocol. The touch scale also was negatively correlated with Eating disorder symptoms but not with the comfort estimation task.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate a relation between peripersonal space and eating disorder symptoms in healthy adolescents in line with previous findings in adults with eating disorders diagnosis. These findings suggest that socio-emotional difficulties may be possible precursors or reinforce for the development of an eating disorder symptoms.
Integrating digital and in-person therapy for PTSD: feasibility and acceptability of blended trauma-focused cognitive therapy in routine care
Authors: Lundin Johan , Jansson-Fröjmark Markus , Gustafsson-Björverud Linda , Grey Nick , Santoft Fredrik , Ehlers Anke , Carlbring Per , Lundgren Tobias , Bragesjö Maria , Salomonsson Sigrid
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Access to evidence-based psychological therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is limited. Blended Trauma-focused Cognitive Therapy (bTF-CT), merging internet-modules with a few therapy sessions, may be a pathway to enhance treatment access while maintaining the benefits of face-to-face therapy.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of bTF-CT for PTSD in routine care, as well as the feasibility of assessments and data collection.

Method

A single-arm design was adopted. bTF-CT was provided to 17 participants across two psychiatric and one primary care clinic. Assessments were conducted pre, during, post and 6-months following treatment. We assessed feasibility and acceptability via self-report questionnaires, retention, and attrition rates. To estimate preliminary treatment effectiveness the PTSD Symptom Checklist (PCL-5) was used to assess PTSD symptom severity.

Results

Treatment satisfaction was high with a mean score of 28.7 out of 32 on the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (SD = 3.5). The dropout rate was low, with 88% treatment retention. Program adherence was satisfactory, with scores ranging from 2.13 to 3.13 out of 4 on the internet intervention patient adherence scale. On the PCL-5, 88% made a reliable change, 64% demonstrated a clinically significant change, and the mean change from pre to post was 24 points (d = 2.13). Some negative effects were reported, such as unpleasant memories, feelings, and disrupted sleep, but these were temporary according to symptom scales.

Conclusions

bTF-CT appears to be acceptable, feasible, and potentially effective when delivered in routine care. A large-scale non-inferiority trial to assess effectiveness compared to a gold-standard treatment is warranted.

Clinical Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04881643.
How does the double-track human resource management model contribute to job burnout and mental health among Chinese government departments? A Chinese police study
Authors: Liang Zhengyan , Yao Min , Li Hao , Chen Jiayu , Yang Mei , Tang Tian , Ye Hong , Zeng Yuqing , Zhang Minqiang
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the contribution of the double-track human resource management model to the job performance and mental health of frontline police within China’s public security organs.

Methodology

An individual-centered approach, latent profile analysis (LPA), was utilized in this study, which used cluster sampling to survey all police of all 118 frontline police stations in an economically underdeveloped area of China and 839 personnel were selected for the analysis. This method allowed for a detailed examination of the contribution of the double-track system to job performance and mental health.

Findings and conclusion

The study identified three subtypes of job burnout among Chinese police: low job burnout, medium job burnout, and emotional exhaustion type. The double-track human resource management model in China’s public security organs has contributed to significant disparities between civilian and auxiliary police, such as more severe job burnout among civilian police, lower job performance, and mental health among auxiliary police.

Implications

To mitigate the potential risks associated with the double-track human resource management model, adjustments are necessary for both the management system and the treatment distribution system, which would also help address the disparities and improve the overall wellbeing and performance of all police officers.
Inhibitory effects of NaF on mitochondrial energy generation in human platelets in vitro
Authors: Tsujino Tetsuhiro , Kasahara Tomoni , Kawabata Hideo , Watanabe Taisuke , Nishiyama Koji , Kitamura Yutaka , Watanabe Takao , Okudera Hajime , Mochizuki Tomoharu , Ushiki Takashi , Kawase Tomoyuki
Published: September 2024

Background

fluoride is a beneficial ion that has been used in various fields, from industrial products to therapeutics. However, due to its narrow therapeutic index, fluoride sometimes acts as a toxic agent at relatively higher concentrations in the human body. Based on the interest in genetic stability, its cytotoxic effects have been investigated mainly in nucleated, adherent cells, such as fibroblasts. However, the sensitivity of blood cells, especially anucleate platelets, to fluoride is poorly understood. To fill this gap in the literature, we investigated the effects of relatively low levels of fluoride on platelet energy metabolism, function, and viability.

Methods

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from 15 non-smoking healthy male adults (age: 28–63) and treated with NaF (0.5 or 1.0 mM) in microtubes for up to 3 days. Platelet function was evaluated based on aggregation and adhesion activities. Platelet energy metabolism was evaluated based on intracellular ATP levels, extracellular lactate levels, and respiration activities. The mitochondrial membrane potential (Em) and localization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were visualized using cytochemical methods. Platelet viability was evaluated by cell counting and tetrazolium reduction.

Result

NaF (1 mM) significantly reduced platelet viability and inhibited functions. Behind these phenomena, NaF substantially decreased mitochondrial Em and increased ROS production along with significant decreases in oxygen consumption and ATP levels. Simultaneously, NaF increased the lactate levels. Although not statistically significant, similar effects were observed at 0.5 mM NaF.

Conclusion

At relatively low levels, NaF has the potential to attenuate platelet function probably primarily through the inhibition of mitochondrial energy generation. Cytotoxicity may be directly related to ROS production. These findings suggest that when used topically, for example, for caries prevention in the oral cavity, NaF could interfere with wound healing and tissue regeneration by endogenous and exogenously added platelets in the form of PRP.
Construction of recombinant Marek’s disease virus co-expressing σB and σC of avian reoviruses
Authors: Gao Li , Zhong Li , Liu Yongzhen , Liu Changjun , Zhang Yanping , Cui Hongyu , Qi Xiaole , Zhang Jiayong , Xu Jia , Wang Suyan , Chen Yuntong , Duan Yulu , Li Kai , Gao Yulong , Wang Xiaomei
Published: September 2024

Avian reoviruses (ARVs) cause viral arthritis or tenosynovitis, resulting in poor weight gain and increased feed conversion ratios in chickens. In this study, we generated three Marek’s disease virus (MDV) recombinants, namely, rMDV-ARV-σB, rMDV-ARV-σC, and rMDV-ARV-σB + C, expressing ARV σB, σC, and both σB and σC, respectively. In rMDV-ARV-σB and rMDV-ARV-σC, the σB or σC gene was inserted into the US2 gene of MDV vaccine strain 814 using a fosmid-based rescue system. In rMDV-ARV-σB + C, the σB and σC genes were cloned into different expression cassettes, which were co-inserted into the US2 gene of the MDV 814 strain. In infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs), the recombinant virus rMDV-ARV-σB expressed σB, rMDV-ARV-σC expressed σC, and the rMDV-ARV-σB + C virus simultaneously expressed σB and σC. These recombinant viruses exhibited growth kinetics in CEFs similar to those of the parent MDV, and the inserted genes were stably maintained and expressed in the recombinant MDVs after 20 passages in cell cultures. These recombinant MDVs expressing σB and σC will provide potential vaccines against ARV infection in chickens.
Combining Parallel Stochastic Methods and Mixed Termination Rules in Optimization
Authors: Charilogis Vasileios , Tsoulos Ioannis G. , Gianni Anna Maria
Published: September 2024

Parallel optimization enables faster and more efficient problem-solving by reducing computational resource consumption and time. By simultaneously combining multiple methods, such as evolutionary algorithms and swarm-based optimization, effective exploration of the search space and achievement of optimal solutions in shorter time frames are realized. In this study, a combination of termination criteria is proposed, utilizing three different criteria to end the algorithmic process. These criteria include measuring the difference between optimal values in successive iterations, calculating the mean value of the cost function in each iteration, and the so-called “DoubleBox” criterion, which is based on the relative variance of the best value of the objective cost function over a specific number of iterations. The problem is addressed through the parallel execution of three different optimization methods (PSO, Differential Evolution, and Multistart). Each method operates independently on separate computational units with the goal of faster discovery of the optimal solution and more efficient use of computational resources. The optimal solution identified in each iteration is transferred to the other computational units. The proposed enhancements were tested on a series of well-known optimization problems from the relevant literature, demonstrating significant improvements in convergence speed and solution quality compared to traditional approaches.
Information Criteria for Signal Extraction Using Singular Spectrum Analysis: White and Red Noise
Authors: Golyandina Nina , Zvonarev Nikita
Published: September 2024

In singular spectrum analysis, which is applied to signal extraction, it is of critical importance to select the number of components correctly in order to accurately estimate the signal. In the case of a low-rank signal, there is a challenge in estimating the signal rank, which is equivalent to selecting the model order. Information criteria are commonly employed to address these issues. However, singular spectrum analysis is not aimed at the exact low-rank approximation of the signal. This makes it an adaptive, fast, and flexible approach. Conventional information criteria are not directly applicable in this context. The paper examines both subspace-based and information criteria, proposing modifications suited to the Hankel structure of trajectory matrices employed in singular spectrum analysis. These modifications are initially developed for white noise, and a version for red noise is also proposed. In the numerical comparisons, a number of scenarios are considered, including the case of signals that are approximated by low-rank signals. This is the most similar to the case of real-world time series. The criteria are compared with each other and with the optimal rank choice that minimizes the signal estimation error. The results of numerical experiments demonstrate that for low-rank signals and noise levels within a region of stable rank detection, the proposed modifications yield accurate estimates of the optimal rank for both white and red noise cases. The method that considers the Hankel structure of the trajectory matrices appears to be a superior approach in many instances. Reasonable model orders are obtained for real-world time series. It is recommended that a transformation be applied to stabilize the variance before estimating the rank.
A Perspective on Supplier Selection and Order Allocation: Literature Review
Authors: Nguyen Trish , Amin Saman Hassanzadeh , Shah Bharat
Published: September 2024

Purchasing and procurement managers should make informed decisions in selecting materials at the right time, in sufficient quantities, and at affordable prices. Supplier selection and order allocation (SSOA) is a vital aspect of purchasing and procurement processes. In this research, the techniques and decision-making methods used in SSOA from peer-reviewed journals published from 2021 to 2023 are examined. This research explores the publications through three major categories, including literature reviews (LR), deterministic optimization (DO) models, and uncertain optimization (UO) models. The related operations research techniques are also discussed. Furthermore, observations, conclusions, and suggestions for future studies are provided with details.
Vegetable Commodity Organ Quality Formation Simulation Model (VQSM) in Solar Greenhouses
Authors: Cheng Chen , Feng Liping , Dong Chaoyang , Chen Xianguan , Yang Feiyun , Wu Lu , Yang Jing , Zhao Chengsen , Yuan Guoyin , Li Zhenfa
Published: September 2024

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) are among the most widely cultivated vegetable crops, belonging to the melon and leafy vegetable categories, respectively. This study aims to provide predictions for the quality formation of greenhouse cucumber and celery, as well as technical support for intelligent vegetable production management. Based on the light and temperature response characteristics of cucumber and celery growth and development and using the experimental varieties ‘Jinsheng 206’ for cucumber and ‘Juventus’ for celery, the observational data from a five-cropping season trial over 2 years were utilized. By analyzing the relationship between the growth and development of vegetables and key meteorological factors (radiation and temperature), simulation models for quality formation were constructed using the day–night temperature difference method (ATD) and the product of thermal effectiveness and the photosynthetically active method (TEP) as independent variables. The model parameters were determined and the model was validated using independent trial data. The results showed the following: (1) There exist quantifiable relationships between different quality indicators and ATD or TEP. These relationships are mainly presented through linear functions, exponential functions, logarithmic function, and logical functions. (2) The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of the cucumber quality model ranges from 1.13% to 29.53%, and the NRMSE of the celery quality model ranges from 1.63% to 31.47%. (3) Based on two kinds of normalization methods, the average NRMSE of the VQSM model is 13.72%, demonstrating a relatively high level of accuracy in simulation. These results demonstrate that the proposed model can dynamically and accurately simulate the quality formation process of vegetables, providing a theoretical basis and data support for the research on productivity and the economic benefits of greenhouse crops.
Future Impact of Climate Change on Durum Wheat Growth and Productivity in Northern Tunisia
Authors: Melki Mohamed Nejib El , Soussi Imen , Al-Khayri Jameel Mohammed , Al-Dossary Othman M. , Alsubaie Bader , Khlifi Slaheddine
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the projected impact of climate change on wheat production in Northwest Tunisia, specifically at Medjez El Beb (36.67 m, 9.74°) and Slougia (36.66 m, 9.6°), for the period 2041–2070. Using the CNRM-CM5.1 and GFDL-ESM2M climate models under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, coupled with the AquaCrop and SIMPLE crop growth models, we compared model outputs with observed data from 2016 to 2020 to assess model performance. The objective was to determine how different climate models and scenarios affect wheat yields, biomass, and growth duration. Under RCP4.5, projected average yields are 7.709 q/ha with AquaCrop and 7.703 q/ha with GFDL-ESM2M. Under RCP8.5, yields are 7.765 tons/ha with AquaCrop and 7.198 q/ha with SIMPLE Crop, indicating that reduced emissions could improve wheat growth conditions. Biomass predictions showed significant variation: in Medjez El Beb, average biomass is 17.99 tons/ha with AquaCrop and 18.73 tons/ha with SIMPLE Crop under RCP8.5. In Slougia, average biomass is 18.90 tons/ha with AquaCrop and 19.04 tons/ha with SIMPLE Crop under the same scenario. Growth duration varied, with AquaCrop predicting 175 days in Medjez El Beb and 178 days in Slougia, while SIMPLE Crop predicted 180 days in Medjez El Beb and 182 days in Slougia, with a standard deviation of ±12 days for both models. SIMPLE Crop demonstrated higher accuracy in predicting growth cycle duration and yield, particularly in Slougia, with mean bias errors of −3.6 days and 2.26 q/ha. Conversely, AquaCrop excelled in biomass prediction with an agreement index of 0.97 at Slougia. Statistical analysis revealed significant yield differences based on climate models and emission scenarios, with GFDL-ESM2M under RCP4.5 showing more favorable conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of model selection and calibration for accurately projecting the agricultural impacts of climate change, and they provide insights for enhancing prediction accuracy and informing adaptation strategies for sustainable wheat production in Northwest Tunisia.
Assessing Germplasm Variation and Tolerance Thresholds of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) to Neutral and Alkaline Salt Stress in Ecological Restoration
Authors: Tang Lisi , Li Wen , Yu Qikun , Sun Zongjiu , Li Peiying
Published: September 2024

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), a salt-tolerant species surviving in environments with pH up to 9.3, and it exhibits variable germination responses under salt and alkaline stress. This study evaluates the impact of neutral and alkali salts with varying pH levels on bermudagrass seed germination. Six bermudagrass germplasm accessions were analyzed using neutral (NaCl: Na2SO4 = 1:1, pH 6.12–7.14) and alkali (NaHCO3:Na2CO3 = 1:1, pH 9.62–9.90) salt treatments. Salt concentrations ranged from 0 to 250 mmol/L, with increments of 25 mmol/L. The assessed parameters included seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index, radicle length, plumule length, seedling weight, and radicle and plumule length ratio. The salt tolerance threshold of each germplasm was calculated using a linear regression fitting model. Critical indicators of salt tolerance were selected through stepwise regression, and the salt-alkali tolerance ranking was determined using a combined membership function and discriminant analysis. The results indicated that the total score decreased with increasing salt concentration under neutral salt stress. Alkali salt stress was more damaging to bermudagrass seedlings than neutral salt stress, inhibiting germination at 50 mmol/L. Neutral salt tolerance thresholds ranged from 31.7 to 207.7 mmol/L, while alkaline salt tolerance thresholds ranged from 16.9 to 53.3 mmol/L. The six germplasm accessions exhibited different responses to salt and alkali stress. Key indicators for neutral salt tolerance included plumule length, radicle and plumule length ratio, and seedling weight. For alkali salt tolerance, key indicators were germination potential, radicle length, and seedling weight, which can be used to screen for resistant germplasms. Our study demonstrates that alkaline salts inhibit seed germination and seedling growth more than neutral salts, and pH affects root growth and the radicle-to-plumule length ratio in seedlings. This research has significant ecological implications, providing insights into the adaptation strategies of bermudagrass in salt-affected and alkaline environments, which could aid in the restoration and management of degraded ecosystems.
Effect of Elevated Temperature on Growth Parameters and Seed Set of Setaria pumila (Yellow Foxtail) and Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) in Southern USA
Authors: Oleti Amarnadh , Dar Amna , Shrestha Sanju , Ojha Grishma , Tseng Te-Ming , Shrestha Swati
Published: September 2024

The steady increase in temperature due to global warming can significantly impact weed growth. This study investigates the response of the yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.) grass weed and the Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) broadleaf weed to increasing temperature conditions, simulating future climate conditions. Temperature treatments included growing these weeds in three temperature-controlled growth chambers: control or ambient conditions (15.5/12.8 °C day/night), moderately elevated temperatures (17.2/14.4 °C), and elevated temperatures (18.8/16.1 °C). Monthly adjustments in the growth chambers simulated the natural temperature rise observed from April to June in the Southern USA, aligning with the respective treatments. Different plant parameters recorded included days to emergence, number of tillers/leaves, chlorophyll content, days to first inflorescence, biomass, and seed set. One-way ANOVA indicated a significant temperature impact on all the parameters assessed (p < 0.05), except for biomass (for both weeds) and days to first inflorescence and yield (for Palmer amaranth (p > 0.05)). The average days to emergence were the lowest under elevated temperatures (8 days for yellow foxtail and 11 days for Palmer amaranth) when compared to that for the control (10 days for yellow foxtail and 19 days for Palmer amaranth). By week 5, yellow foxtail exhibited notably greater tiller numbers under elevated temperatures compared to that of the control; a similar trend was noticed regarding the number of Palmer amaranth leaves. The average chlorophyll content was the highest under elevated temperature conditions up to week 6 and began decreasing after that for both weeds. The average yield of yellow foxtail under elevated, moderately elevated, and control temperatures was 7.55, 2.69, and 0.88 g, respectively. Even though not significant, the yield of Palmer amaranth was higher under elevated temperature conditions as compared to that under the ambient condition. The biomass of both yellow foxtail and Palmer amaranth were not significantly impacted by temperature (p > 0.05). Our research shows that as temperatures rise, weeds exhibit more vigorous growth and show higher photosynthetic efficiency, which has important implications for how we manage weeds in agriculture. These findings suggest that under warmer conditions, weeds could display more vigorous vegetative growth, thus significantly impacting crop yields. As we face ongoing global warming, it is crucial to consider how temperatures influences weed growth when designing strategies to manage weeds effectively.