bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Social Integration, Religious Integration, and Religious-Social Regulation on Suicidal Behaviors Among Seventh-day Adventist Youth
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Hossler Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

Problem. Since Durkheim's classic 1897 study of differences in suicide rates between Catholics and Protestants in Europe, much research has focused on the relationship between religion and suicide. Pescosolido and Georgianna (1989) have suggested that Durkheim's Catholic/Protestant paradigm may not work well in the more heterogenous religious culture within the United States. This present study used Pescosolido and Georgianna's (1989) social network theory to examine the influence of social integration, religious integration, and religious-social regulation on attempted suicidal behavior in Seventh-day Adventist adolescents. Method. The data used for this study came from the Valuegenesis (1989) survey conducted by the Search Institute (Minnesota) on behalf of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Seventh-day Adventist adolescents, ages 11 to 18, were included in the sample. Logistic regression was used to examine the influence of the model on self-reported attempted suicidal behavior in four different analyses. Results. The results indicated that, after the effects of the controlled variables were accounted for, the social-religious integration and regulation model, although statistically significant (p < .01), did little proportionally (.01) to improve the goodness of fit of the model in predicting attempted suicidal behavior. Furthermore, only one of the theoretical variables, a social integration variable for denominational identity, was a significant predictor in all of the statistical analyses. Another variable, a religious integration variable-- Adventist orthodoxy--was significant in three of the analyses. However, like the full model, neither of these two variables was substantively important. The results indicated that, after the effects of the controlled variables were accounted for, denominational identity and Adventist orthodoxy, although statistically significant (p <.01), did little proportionally (.004 and .002, respectively) to improve the goodness of fit of the model in predicting attempted suicidal behavior. Two other variables, family religious socialization and attendance, were each a significant predictor in only one of four different analyses. Conclusions. The religious-social integration and regulation model, although statistically significant, contributed little proportionally towards predicting attempted suicidal behavior in Seventh-day Adventist youth. Further research that examines the use of this theoretical model (1) in and across other denominations and ( 2) with adult populations is needed.
Guidelines for Developing a Campus Master Plan Document for Small Colleges and Universities
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Jamison Bradley
Published: May 2023

Problem. From a review of dissertations in the field of campus master planning, no study was found that attempted to identify the essential elements, principles, configuration and format of campus master plans for guiding small colleges and universities in developing a master plan document. The lack of this type of study left a void in the campus planning process in regards to developing a campus master plan, its purpose, and how it contributed to the overall strength of a small college or university with little campus planning experience. Results. A campus master plan document was developed from the summation of both the typology and the data master plans, globally representative. These results were organized to serve in a general sense for directing the composition, configuration and format of a campus master plan document. The intent of the study was serve as a guide or resource. Each institution will have unique features which would need to be incorporated into each institution's particular planning document. However, one objective of this research was that the document could be adaptable to different regions, cultures, and environments. Conclusions. Campus master plan documents evolved over time and will continue to do so, partly because a document needs to be reflective of the local institution, situation, and needs. Any planning resource or materials used in the creation of a document need to be tempered by this purpose. Most of the master plan documents created in the 199Os and beyond will be for existing campuses. Individuals involved in campus planning will be faced mostly with additions to existing conditions, correcting past mistakes, and attempting to have linear integration of different campus plans and efforts into a continuous process of past and present harmony, with the constant possibility of future expansion. Campus master plan documents will need to be more of a loose-leaf and informal design, able to be updated and revised on a yearly basis. However, the overall themes of the plan need ta remain consistent. The yearly updates reflect the changing dynamics of the institution, yet the long-range view of the document should not be radically changed by these. Campus master plan documents have became increasingly shorter, possibly due to a higher percentage of colleges and universities contracting out master planning services to architects and consultants, usually with the charge of solving a particular problem. The resulting master plan documents, authored through these services, heavily reflected the problems needing solutions, without always keeping in view long range planning. Finally, although this study focused on the campus master plan document itself, it was recognized that the planning process and the curriculum of the institution shape the document. The document is only a result or product of the process, and as such cannot be taken out of that context.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Moral Developmental Theory: the Influence of Collectivism on Moral Reasoning of Asian Students and Caucasian American Students
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Ji Chang-ho
Published: May 2023

Problem Statement. Lawrence Kohlberg's stage model of moral development has attracted agreat deal of attention from educators and psychologists. Not surprisingly, his work has also inspired considerable criticism and revisionism. A number of authors have argued that Kohlberg's theory does not incorporate the collectivistic moral reasoning that emphasizes human relationships among individuals, families, the community, and society in general. Methodology. Analyses of variance, t-test, correlational analyses, and regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between ethnicity, moral reasoning, and collectivism using the Defining Issues Test (DIT) and the Individualism-Collectivism (INDCOL) Scale. These scales were administered to 179 Asian students and Caucasian American students at Andrews University. Results. The present study showed that collectivism was not associated necessarily with lower P scores. It was found, however, that collectivism may be a significant predictor of moral reasoning when it was combined with ethnicity. This supposition is most likely for collectivistic attitudes toward parents and co-workers. Conclusions. According to this study, persons from Asian culture may be handicapped on the DIT and other psychological tests that use as their foundations Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Ethnicity was noted as a powerfully associated factor with the P score on the DIT. It is very likely that Kohlberg's development theory has not given adequate expression to the concerns and experience of Asian people. The cross-cultural universality of Kohlberg's theory seems to warrant reexamination. More empirical research, however, is needed to clarify the relationship between collectivistic attitude and moral reasoning.
Teacher Thinking and the Change Process: a Qualitative Study of Experienced Teachers Learning and Implementing New Models of Teaching
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Karrer Susan
Published: May 2023

The responsibility for improvement and change in schools ultimately depends on what teachers do and think. This study investigated the personal side of change by following the thinking of experienced teachers as they are learning and implementing new models of teaching. During a 4-week summer training institute, the thinking of them 36 participants was explored through daily reflective journals, interviews, and observations. Four categories of thought emerged during the analysis of the data: (1) encountering the learning environment, (2) navigating the social milieu, (3) managing the personal, and (4) anticipating the future. Following the training institute, three teachers agreed to participate in an in-depth investigation of the process of implementation during the school year. Data were collected through full-day observation sessions, semi-structrued interviews, stimulated recall interviews, informal conversations, and teacher documents. The story of each teacher's experience with implementation includes a description of her background, school, beliefs, thinking, and their approach to implementation. Two themes emerged through analysis of the data. First, the process of change involves a very delicate balancing act of the systemic, social, and personal expectations of the learning environment. It was found that the weight of these sometimes contradictory expectations could act as a constraint to the process of change. The second theme uncovered is that change involves a process of "re-visioning" for the teacher. This process is made up of a three-part continuing cycle of private visioning, public visioning, and active visioning. It was found through this study and a review of the literature that this process would be facilitated when carried out among colleagues within a safe environment.
The Development of a Master Plan of Curriculum and Instruction for a Charter School in the State of Michigan
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Kea Thomas
Published: May 2023

Problem. Our country stands in need of academic imperatives that will provide direction for our public school system. Highly accountable charter schools are being propagated to model quality education. The country is presently challenged to produce competent educational programs that contribute to this pioneer effort. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop a master plan of curriculum and instruction for a charter school in the state of Michigan by studying select schools and other documents. Method. This was a qualitative study that sought to determine the culture of select charter, public, private, and home schools. Ten principles, drawn from a literature review, were used to select and study them: (1) the use of core curriculum, (2) individualized learning, (3) cooperative learning, (4) active and passive learning, (5) work and service, (6) values, (7) competency-based education, (8) flexibility in using time, space, and personnel, (9) stimulating and educational learning environment, and (10) healthy, respectful relationships. Data were collected from observation, interviews, and documents. The study included "cultural," "cross cultural," and "universal" analysis. Results. When considered in conjunction with the 10 "program components" above, the schools were found to be of respectable quality to varying degrees. The "cross-cultural analysis" included issues involving the institutional quality and school types, balance, curriculum alignment, school age, and autonomy and change. All 10 concepts were significantly honored, but in varying degrees. The 3 that were least honored were work and service (73%), stimulating and educational learning environment (73%), and competency-based education (64%). "Universal" issues included the time that institutions needed to develop their programs and to mature, communication and collaboration among these schools, and holistic change. The ethnographic study, landmark research, and additional documents were utilized to develop a master plan of curriculum and instruction for a charter school in the state of Michigan. Conclusion. Using a set of educational principles as an instrument to research select schools, it was determined that quality schools exist among basic school types and, accompanied by other research, are able to make a significant contribution to a master plan for curriculum and instruction.
Teenage Pregnancy in St. Kitts-Nevis: Psychosocial and Familial Factors
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Leader Ermine
Published: May 2023

Problem. This study was conducted to examine some of the factors that are related to teenage pregnancy in St. Kitts-Nevis. It focused on the relationship between teenage pregnancy and father absence/presence, intergenerational teenage pregnancy, childhood sexual abuse, and domestic violence. A young girl's view of her relationship with both parents, the self-esteem of respondents, and their level of attendance and participation in church-related activities were also studied. Method. Two instruments were incorporated into the questionnaire administered to females in St. Kitts and Nevis between the ages of 12 and 21, some of whom had experienced a pregnancy, and others who had not. These groups were called pregnant and nonpregnant groups. The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) was used to measure self-esteem. The Factors Related to Teenage Pregnancy Questionnaire gathered data pertinent to the research questions and other demographic information. Of the 319 respondents, approximately 71% came from St. Kitts and 29% from Nevis. Results. Significant differences were found between both groups on four of the eight variables in the Attitude to Father cluster, and on three of the eight on the Attitude to Mother cluster, with the nonpregnant group giving more positive evaluations of their relationships with parents than the other group. No significant relationship was established between father presence/absence and teenage pregnancy and none was found between teenage pregnancyand intergenerational teenage pregnancy. Significant differences between groups were found on two of the six variables in the Domestic Violence cluster, and a significant relationship was found between childhood sexual abuse and early pregnancy. All five variables in the Attitude to Church factor produced significant differences, but no significant difference was found between the self-esteem scores of both groups. Conclusions. Nonpregnant respondents evaluated their relationships with father and mother more positively than their counterparts. Both groups' experience of father absence/presence was comparable. The data suggest that intragenerational influences on teenage pregnancy are stronger than intergenerational patterns. Domestic violence occurs more frequently in the experience of the pregnant group, as did childhood sexual abuse in which case grandfathers and fathers were the least likely perpetrators and uncles and brothers were the main perpetrators. The nonpregnant group placed higher value on their religious experience, but levels of self-esteem were comparable for both groups.
Sociopolitical Structure of Transjordanian Societies During the Late Bronze and Iron I Ages (ca. 1500-1000 B.C.)
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Gregor Paul
Published: May 2023

According to the biblical account the Transjordanian region was occupied with somewhat organized societies during the time of the Exodus (ca. 15th century B.C.). Unfortunately, archaeological excavations could not confirm this account, and as result, the biblical data have been dismissed as unreliable and historically inaccurate. The purpose of this study was to provide the most recent archaeological data as well as to reinterpret the old data to see whether or not the biblical account bears any historical value. For this reason, this dissertation provides evidence from three fields: archaeological, anthropological, and biblical. In spite of Glueck's claim that Transjordan was virtually uninhabited during the Late Bronze Age (time of the Exodus), it is now evident that the region was occupied not only by nomads who lived in tents but by sedentary people who lived in permanent settlements. This fact is supported by numerous archaeological surveys that have been conducted in the region, in addition to several excavations during the past few decades. This new evidence suggests that thepeople who lived there were organized in tribal communities, where some segments of a tribe lived as nomads, or semi-nomads, while others chose to live in permanent settlements as agriculturalists or craft masters (pottery, metallurgy, art, etc.). It was earlier argued that tribal polity as a society is not capable of providing such resistance as the Bible seems to suggest. Because of its flexibility in nature, the tribal society was not only able to survive in hostile conditions, shifting from nomadism to sedentary and vice versa, but to consolidate into large units to meet various challenges and opportunities and to create a formidable force to protect their families, settlements, and land. The Bible speaks of kings of Ammon, Moab, and Edom, and their kingdoms with cities. Thus, the biblical text with its terminology (king, kingdom, city) regarding the period in question needs to be reexamined. According to the literary evidence these terms are not restricted to urbanized societies with strong centralized governments, but are applicable to tribal societies as well. Therefore, the biblical account does not require strong monarchs with empires as their kingdoms, supported by strong, fortified cities, but allows the existence of tribal kingdoms with small settlements with a king (chief) at its head. In addition, theEgyptian evidence does not picture the people of Transjordan living in a state-level society, but rather supports the model of tribalism.
The Colton Celebration Congregation: a Case Study in American Adventist Worship Renewal 1986-1991
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Haenni Viviane
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the experience of Celebration Center (Colton, California), its milieu, and its impact on the North American Seventh-day Adventist Church through what has been perceived as the celebration movement and controversy, while addressing underlying historical, sociological, and philosophical/theological question. The principal findings of the study reveal that Celebration Center has uniquely attempted to explore a more multilayered approach to church life and worship within White Anglo Adventism. The celebration experience has ventured into breaking up some old Adventist expectations through its congregational trend; its emphasis on love, acceptance, and forgiveness; its different church organization and more holistic worship; and its accent on the divine presence, the Holy Spirit, and the spiritual gifts of all believers. Intrying to explore in the late 1980s a new experiential liturgical language, CelebrationCenter seems to have uniquely embodied change and become, at times, the irrational scapegoat of people's fear/anger and sense of loss brought by societal and religious modifications. Anticelebrationists have generally been perceptive in their recognition of deeper changes at stake in the celebration experience but have been mistaken in attributing them to a conspiracy within or outside of Adventism. The implemented changes by the celebration movement are reflective of powerful trends shaping AmericanChristianity and Adventism, such as revivalistic, third wave, and baby boomer religious innovations and the convergence between the liturgical and pentecostal/charismatic movements. Celebration worship grows out of a particular worldview not completely in harmony with the theological and philosophical assumptions of the years of denominational consolidation and stabilization (1920-1950) that are predominant among antagonists. The celebration movement and thereactions against it can be both understood as grassroots attempts to bring renewal within White Anglo North American Adventism. The principal implications which arise from thefindings are: (1) A timely need for Adventism to recount its own history, apply to worship its holistic approach to reality, and investigate new models of hermeneutics, ecclesiology, sacramental liturgy, and church structure. (2) The common convictions of pro and anticelebrationists could inform Adventism of possible directions for the future and offer grounds of reconciliation.
The Use and Abuse of Authority: an Investigation of the ἐξουσία Passages in Revelation
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Hangyas Laszlo
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this dissertation is to carry outa linguistic, structural, and exegetical investigation of the term ἐξουσία as it occurs in the Greek text of the Apocalypse. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the pertinent literature dealing with ἐξουσία. The review follows a chronological order to demonstrate a trend in the development of ἐξουσία studies. Earlier works put more emphasis on the meaning of power or authority, whereas recent studies point to liberty and right as the primary meaning of ἐξουσία. The current tendency emphasizes philosophical and socio-ethical aspects without due consideration of the etymology of the term. Chapter 2 surveys the usage of ἐξουσία in nonbiblical (Greco-Roman, Papyri and Inscriptions, Jewish apocalyptic, Qumran, Hellenistic Jewish, Rabbinic) and biblical (LXX, Biblia Hebraica, Greek NT) literary sources that are linguistic backgrounds to the meaning of the term. The Greco-Roman and Hellenistic Jewish works generally employ ἐξουσία with regard to human power relationships. The NT use of the term closely follows the LXX and the Jewish apocalyptic usage particularly in the area of delegated power/authority in human and supernatural relationships. Chapter 3 focuses on the specifics of the twenty-one ἐξουσία occurrences in Revelation. These passages are investigated in the literary context and structure of the book. The role ἐξουσία plays in the overall literary context of the Apocalypse is further demonstrated by microstructural analyses of the passages. The term plays a special focusing role both in the macro- and the microstructures of the Apocalypse. Thus, it significantly contributes to the central message of Revelation, which is the activity and judgment of antidivine powers. In the summary and conclusions of the dissertation the findings of the research are given. Theological and ethical implications are pointed out, and some areas for further study are suggested.
The Kinetic Family Drawing as a Measure of Minuchin's Structural Family Concepts Among Hispanic American Families With Substance-Abusing and Nonsubstance-Abusing Adolescents
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Osorio-Braña José
Published: May 2023

Problem. There is a need for validation of new cultural-sensitive tests for assessing the Hispanic population in the United States that will take into account their cultural competence in the psychological evaluation practice. The purpose of this study was to explore the suitability of the Kinetic Family Drawings as a measure of Minuchin's Structural Family Theory among Hispanic American families with substance-abusing and nonsubstance-abusing adolescents. Method. The Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD), the Structural Family Interaction Scale-Revised (SFIS-R), and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES II) were administered to 141 families, 74 with an adolescent with substance-abusing problems and 67 with nonsubstance-abusing adolescents. Both groups, the clinic and non-clinic, included a total of 260 people involved in the study. All subjects were Hispanic Americans living in Chicago, Illinois, and Southern Michigan. Fourteen hypotheses were tested, and data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis, canonical correlation analysis, t-test, and by discriminant analysis. Significance was set at .05. Results. The results of this study give support to the validity of the KFD in assessing some variables of Minuchin's Structural Family Theory. Of 37 KFD variables designed for this study, 25 (67.5%) found some confirmation. However, other variables were not supported by the results. The KFD appears to be suitable in the assessment of some of the Family Hierarchy variables, Family Boundaries variables, and Family Adaptability variables. The qualitative results did not provide, however, support for KFD Family Subsystems variables related to maladaptive coalitions. The potential of the KFD to differentiate between families with different styles of interacting is affirmed by this study. The results indicated that the KFD is able to differentiate family patterns of interaction between substance-abusing and nonsubstance-abusing Hispanic families under certain conditions. These differences are related to Family Hierarchy, Family Boundaries, and Family Adaptability variables. No differences were indicated in the Family Subsystem variables. Conclusion. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of this study provide support for the potential of the KFD to reflect the drawer's view of himself/herself within the family, his/her view of family members' functioning, his/her view of some family interpersonal conflicts, and his/her view about the differences between some successful and unsuccessful family interactive patterns in terms of Minuchin's Structural Family Theory.
Marketing Seventh-day Adventist Higher Education in Southeast Asia
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Pauner Geoffrey
Published: May 2023

Problem There has been a concern by educational leaders of the Adventist church in the Asia Pacific Division that a number of parents of Seventh-day Adventist students choose to educate their children in non-Adventist primary and secondary schools. This study sought to determine if this concern is prevalent in Adventist colleges in Southeast Asia. To find answers to this concern the following questions were posed. 1. What methods do these colleges use to promote or recruit SDA students? 2. How do these colleges attract SDA students? 3. What special programs are in place in the colleges to retain SDA students? Marketing higher education has been effective in some colleges and universities in the United States. It may be of some value for Seventh-day Adventist colleges in Southeast Asia to learn from the conclusions of this study. Marketing concepts discussed here could help other SDA educational institutions in their attempts to promote, attract, and retain SDA students.. Method Two instruments were utilized for data collection: (1) a set of structured questions to interview selected administrative staff on their marketing strategies, and (2) a survey questionnaire that required the responses of undergraduate students regarding the marketing strategies o f their college. Both the interview questions and the survey questionnaire cover three marketing strategies—promotion or recruitment, attraction, and retention of Adventist students in the colleges. Responses from the staff and students were analyzed. Results The following are the findings of this study: 1. In all the four selected colleges in Southeast Asia some marketing activities had been carried out but they are less sophisticated or systematized than those found in the United States of America. 2. The large number of students in countries in Southeast Asia who want to attend college suggests why marketing is not more sophisticated than those found in the United States. 3. There are similarities and differences in the way the colleges promote, attract or retain SDA students. Conclusion Seventh-day Adventists create a common “culture” among different peoples in the region and thus marketing techniques to promote or recruit, attract and retain SDA students tend to be similar. Reproduced
The Relationship of Teacher Retention to Personality Style at VisionQuest National Limited
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Rosica Beth
Published: May 2023

Problem. VisionQuest National Limited is a treatment and education program for court-placed students. Recruiting and retaining quality teachers is a problem faced by VisionQuest administrators. Over the course of a school year, there are usually several teaching-position vacancies, and turnover is high, especially in the first few months of employment. Method. The Keirsey Temperament Sorter, a derivative of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, was administered to all VisionQuest teachers to determine their personality type. The personality types of the VisionQuest teachers were compared to those of teachers in the general population. Length of employment of VisionQuest teachers was also analyzed in relationship to personality type. Additional qualitative data were collected from participants regarding their attraction to VisionQuest and their motivation to continue teaching at VisionQuest. Results. The analyses revealed that VisionQuest teachers are different from teachers in the general population in that VisionQuest teachers are more traditional and structured than public school teachers. There was not a difference in length of employment among VisionQuest teachers with different personality types. The qualitative data indicated that teachers are primarily attracted to VisionQuest simply for a job and that only a few join VisionQuest because of the program philosophy. However, a majority of teachers are motivated to continue teaching at VisionQuest because of the students. Conclusions. Since the VisionQuest teaching staff is comprised mostly of structured, traditional teachers who are motivated by their students, VisionQuest administrators may want to consider altering their current recruitment and retention practices. The fact that the majority of teachers are represented by one personality style affects curriculum, instruction, staff development, student expectations, and student achievement.
Job Satisfaction Among Teachers in Seventh-day Adventist Schools and its Relationship to Commitment and Selected Work Conditions
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Rutebuka Athanase
Published: May 2023

Problem. The Seventh-day Adventist Church in North America has evidenced concerns over young people losing their commitment to the church, to SDA schools, and even to Christianity. Given the important role teachers play in the formation of young people, the purpose of this study was to determine the degree of teachers' job satisfaction and its relationship to commitment and selected work conditions. Method. The population for this study included 261 elementary- and secondary-school teachers employed by the Lake Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists in 116 schools. A survey-research method was used to determine the degree of teachers' job satisfaction and its relationship to commitment and selected work conditions. The instrument was adapted from an earlier study on Catholic schools and was pilot tested to adjust it to the Adventist system. Statistical procedures used to analyze the data included Pearson (r) Product-Moment Correlation, Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Regression analysis. Findings. 1. Teachers in the Lake Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists are generally satisfied with their work. They chose to work for the SDA Church because of their commitment to the church. 2. Commitment to the teaching profession was to be highly related to job satisfaction among male teachers, whereas, commitment to the church organization was highly related to job satisfaction among female teachers. 3. Personal significance was more highly related to teachers' job satisfaction than any other work condition factor, especially among female teachers. Male teachers considered adult social interaction more important for their job satisfaction. 4. Faith dimension was the most important work condition factor related to commitment to the church organization, whereas personal significance was related to commitment to the teaching profession.
The Relationship Between Dissociation and Object-Relations Impairment in Adult Female Incest Survivor Clients with and without Personality Splitting
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Stuppy Linda
Published: May 2023

Problem. Childhood incest appears to play a role in the formation of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) (formerly Multiple Personality Disorder). This study investigated whether a relationship exists between dissociation and object-relations impairment in incest survivors and whether DID incest survivors have higher levels of these characteristics than non-DID incest survivors. Method. The Dissociative Experience Scale, Bell Object Relations Reality Testing Inventory and Childhood Maltreatment Interview Schedule-Short Form were completed by a sample of 60 adult female incest survivor clients. 29 who met the diagnosis for DID and 31 who did not. The Results. All three hypotheses were supported at a .05 level. A significant relationship between dissociation and object-relations impairment was found. The DID group reported significantly higher levels of dissociation and object-relations impairment than the non-DID group and higher incidences of childhood maltreatment and adult traumas. A discriminant analysis found that DID clients can be differentiated from non-DID clients based on dissociative experiences and object-relations scores. The DID group consistently reported higher incidences of childhood maltreatment, psychological abuse, and adult traumatization than the non-DID group. Conclusions. The findings support an object-relations model for incest and suggest that personality splitting found in DID clients may be related to a developmental arrest in early-life intrapsychic splitting mechanisms described by Kemberg (1966. 1975, 1976) and others. It is possible that therapists may serve as "transitional objects” for incest survivors with object-relations deficits. Past research has viewed incest as leading to a variety of PTSD symptoms, however some effects, especially personality splitting, may originate even before the incest occurs when very young children are exposed to harsh or psychologically overwhelming situations.
Pastoral Effectiveness : a Study of Differences Among Comparison Groups of Seventh-day Adventist Clergy
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Swanson Peter
Published: May 2023

Problem. Methods of comparison are required to evaluate pastoral effectiveness. This study was an examination of statistically significant differences among contrasted groups of clergy to identify characteristics and performance patterns associated with productivity and effectiveness. Method. Pastors from Anglo Seventh-day Adventist churches in North America and Canada were assigned to five groups that were evaluated using the Adventist Pastor Inventory, Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Pastoral Tasks Survey, and Pastoral Tasks Questionnaire. Ministers who baptized 50 or more persons within 3 years were compared with those who baptized 10 or fewer in the same period and clergy rated most effective and least effective by supervisors were compared. Randomly selected pastors were assigned to a reference group. Results. Statistically significant differences among the groups (p < .05) were identified by means of the four instruments using Chi Square, Analysis of Variance, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, and Discriminant Analysis procedures. High-baptism pastors were more oriented toward warm relationships with people, were more likely to have achieved scholastic honors, and to have attended the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary. They were likely to have spent more time on seven aspects of their work, and to have been rated as more proficient at 20 of 25 pastoral tasks. The pastors rated most effective by their ministerial directors were more likely to have received academic honors, involved laity in ministry, had broader career aspirations within ministry, and seen greater numerical growth in their congregations. Characteristically they were evaluated as less submissive, more disciplined, and more group-oriented than the less-effective pastors. According to lay-leaders' ratings, the more-effective group spent more time on 12 aspects of their work, and their task proficiency was rated superior on 23 of 25 pastoral tasks.
Factors Related to Clergy Sexual Misconduct
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Totten Donald
Published: May 2023

Problem. Clergy sexual misconduct creates credibility, marital, family, and financial problems in the general church. The purpose of this study was to determine, through a survey research methodology, personality and situational factors in the lives of active clergy that may be related to clergy sexual misconduct. Method. Two hundred sixty-nine pastors filled out questionnaires pertaining to spiritual well-being, locus of control, burnout, social support, active pre-marital sexual conduct, erotic thoughts, naivete/lack of training, demographics, and sexual involvement with a non-spouse while in the ministry. Univariate, discriminant, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the influence of each variable on the incidence of sexual misconduct. Results. Four significant factors predicted 14% of the variance of clergy sexual misconduct. The factors were: greater involvement in pre-marital sexual conduct, greater age, negative feelings of religious spiritual well-being, and perception of a lack of social support. Conclusions. There are some factors that seem to influence a pastor's decision to become involved in sexual misconduct. The predictors are not definitive, however, and care must be taken not to draw definite conclusions from positive responses to the significant factors.
Critical Thinking in Associate Degree Nursing Education
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Tucker Nancy
Published: May 2023

Problem. This study sought to investigate the level of critical thinking (CT) of the associate degree in nursing (ADN) students and the relationship of CT and clinical judgment (CJ) with selected pre-admission and exit variables. Method. A convenience sample of 112 ADN students (79 generic, 33 non-traditional) at a small, private liberal arts college on the West Coast participated in this exploratory study. The California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) was used to measure the level of CT, and CJ was measured using the Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS). Differences between the generic and non-traditional groups were explored using t tests for independent samples. Correlational tests were used to determine the relationships between the different measures of CT, the selected variables, and CJ. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the effect of the various independent variables, separately or together, on the dependent variable of CT. Results. The graduates of the ADN program scored lower on the CCTST than the standard that was used from the Facione (1997) aggregate study. The CT scores significantfy correlated with the entrance variables of Nurse Entrance Test, Institutional Research scores, gender. Adventist high-school experience, and CNA experience, and with the exit variables of NLN Diagnostic Exam, PreRN Exam, nursing GPA and NCLEX (state board exam, pass/frdl). There was no significant correlation with the CJ scores and the entrance variables, but the exit variable of NLN had significant negative correlation. Several significant differences were found between the generic and non-traditional groups. This study failed to show a significant relationship between CT and CJ as measured by the CCTST and the CDMNS. Conclusions. This study supports the need for a clear, standard definition of both CT and CJ. A consensus of what critical thinking and clinical judgment are and how the two constructs are related is essential before they can be measured and minimum standards can be set. Continued research is needed to sort out the relationship so that nursing education curriculum can be guided to prepare graduates with the appropriate levels of critical thinking that result in good clinical judgments.
The Reflective Process in Nursing Clinicals Using Journaling and Dialogue
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Van Horn Rita
Published: May 2023

Method. Two case studies describe the experiences of (1) 17 students who worked individually in the hospital clinical setting and who answered specific questions about problem solving in a written journal and (2) 20 students who were paired in the clinical setting and who answered the same questions together in a journal shared by the pair. In both case studies the experience was 9 weeks. The written journal questions were designed around a problem-solving process and thoughts and feelings about the clinical experience. A rubric adapted from Boud, Koegh, and Walker’s (1985) reflective model was used to analyze the journal responses. Other sources of data included observations, interviews, and reflections by the investigator. Results. A problem-solving process was documented in reflective journals in both cases. However, the presence of reflection in the paired experience was significantly higher than levels of reflection of students functioning as individuals in their clinical experience. Themes emerging from the journals demonstrate that dialogue effectively reduced anxiety and increased perception of learning. Journal writing both individually and in pairs does assist students to link theoretical knowledge with experience, and though reflection has traditionally been considered an individual process, this study indicates that benefits in reflecting together in a journaling process appear to be greater. Conclusion. The cross-case analysis reveals there are connections between dialogue within journaling and problem solving, reflection, and critical thinking. This study suggests that the clinical environment can be organized by pairing students and having them reflect in journals to increase learning and critical thinking.
The Role of the Holy Spirit in Biblical Interpretation: a Study in the Writings of James I. Packer
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Koranteng-Pipim Samuel
Published: May 2023

Evangelical scholars have forcefully articulated their views on the Holy Spirit's supernatural work in producing an inspired and authoritative Bible. Yet, comparatively little attention has been given to the Spirit's role in biblical interpretation. Two vital questions are prompted by this apparent indifference to the Spirit's work in interpretation: (1) Should the Evangelical doctrine of Scripture be rested on the deistic concept that the Holy Spirit, having inspired the Bible, departed and left the church alone to wrestle with the problems of interpretation? (2) If one admits that the Holy Spirit plays a part in the interpretative process, what is the exact nature of His role, and who qualifies as a Spirit-guided interpreter? The purpose of this dissertation was to set forth, analyze, and evaluate the view of Evangelical theologian James I. Packer on the Holy Spirit's role in biblical interpretation. Following the introduction, chapters 1 and 2 offer an overview of the wider and immediate Evangelical contexts for Packer's doctrine of Word and Spirit. These chapters investigate how the doctrine was articulated during the period spanning the sixteenth and twentieth centuries, and also how Packer came to develop his own view. Chapters 3 and 4 set forth Packer's view of the Spirit's role in the interpretative process. Whereas chapter 3 describes and analyzes the divine dimension of biblical interpretation, exploring the necessity of illumination, its nature, and its essential characteristics and parameters, chapter 4 examines the actual task of interpretation (exegesis, synthesis, and application), investigating how the human interpreter cooperates with the divine Spirit in the hermeneutical enterprise. Chapter 4 also probes the relationship between the Spirit's ongoing guidance in applicatory interpretationtoday and His leading of believers throughout the postapostolic ages. Chapter 5 summarizes the results of the study and assesses Packer's doctrine of Word and Spirit against his wider and immediate Evangelical contexts, and in terms of its logical consistency and coherence with some relevant biblical data. Finally, some tensions in Packer's views are raised as fruitful areas for further investigation.
Eschatological Paradigm and Moral Theory in Contemporary Christian Ethics: Stephen Charles Mott and Thomas W. Ogletree
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Lichtenwalter Larry
Published: May 2023

Twentieth-century re-interpreted eschatology introduces a paradigm for Christian ethics that engenders significant divergence among Christian ethicists in the way its application influences moral theory. These divergences indicate the need to clarify the issues revolving around its methodological application in order to bring credible structure for applying the eschatological paradigm in Christian ethics. A set of analytical distinctions and procedural suggestions in this study provide an extensive framework for comparatively observing where ethicists begin, move, and end in terms of using eschatology as paradigm in their moral theory: (1) role and function of paradigms, (2) levels of paradigm operation (macro, meso, micro), (3) levels in ethical structure (philosophical/theological bases, principles, area rules), (4) three principles of verification (role of Scripture, community, and the nature of social involvement), and (5) three conceptually interwoven and complementary components of the paradigm (already/not yet, reign of God, horizon of future). A correspondence is proposed between the levels of paradigm operation and the ingredients in ethical structure. A complex interplay is indicated between the paradigm's components and the principles of verification which highlight the methodological nuances the paradigm elicits. Mott and Ogletree were selected because they represent the latter phase of twentieth-century re-interpreted eschatology and its application toward moral theory. Their projects elucidate the complex nature and subtle interplay between the various ingredients involved inusing eschatology as paradigm and the ever-present presuppositions of those seeking to apply it--illustrating what happens if you take the eschatological paradigm and apply it this way or that way. Their diversity suggests that the question of the use of eschatology in Christian moral theory remains open. Their respective orientation to Scripture shows considerable contrasts with respect to consistency, specificity, and relevancy of eschatological paradigm application. Their projects suggest that the question of the role of Scripture alone gives promise of bringing stability to the use of the eschatological paradigm in Christian ethics. The paradigm functions best when expressing biblical ethics rather than moral philosophy. Perspectives for using eschatology as paradigm are proposed along with its relation to other paradigms in Christian moral theory and directions for further study.